Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Development of the Relation Between the Swedish Repo Rate and the Three-month Mortgage Rate

This paper examines whether the effect of the Swedish repo rate on the mortgage rate has changed during the period between the years of 2005-2017. The relation between the repo rate and mortgage rate is examined during three time intervals using regressions and correlation analysis. Furthermore, the effect of the repo rate is investigated in times of negative and positive interest rate levels. The results show that the effect of the repo rate on the mortgage rate has decreased significantly with time. It is also shown that the repo rate tends to affect the mortgage rate less in times of negative interest rates. The reduced effect of the repo rate has then been analysed using the Transmission Mechanism of Monetary Policy to deduct probable factors causing the change. The factors mentioned consist of changes in risk behaviour and mortgage financing.
Hubble Space Telescope Observations of 10 Two-Image Gravitational Lenses

We report on a program to obtain Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of galaxy-mass gravitational lens systems at optical and infrared wavelengths. Here we discuss the properties of 10 two-image gravitational lens systems (Q0142-100 = UM 673, B0218+357, SBS 0909+532, BRI 0952-0115, LBQS 1009-0252, Q1017-207 = J03.13, B1030+074, HE 1104-1805, Q1208+1011, and PKS 1830-211). We grouped these 10 systems because they have limited lens model constraints and often show poor contrast between the images and the lens galaxy. Of the 10 lens galaxies, seven are probably early-type galaxies, two are probably late-type galaxies (B0218+357 and PKS 1830-211), and one was not detected (Q1208+1011). We detect the host galaxies of the zs = 4.50 lensed quasar in BRI 0952-0115, the zs = 2.32 lensed quasar in HE 1104-1805, and the unlensed z = 1.63 quasar near LBQS 1009-0252. We fit a set of four standard lens models to each lens that had sufficient constraints to compare isothermal dark matter and constant mass-to-light lens models, and to explore the effects of local tidal shears.
INTERCROPPING AND DENISITY IMPACTS IN A LETTUCE AND CHARD AGROECOSYSTEM

Conventional agriculture that uses machinery management, synthetic fertilizers, and pesticides, is a contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, reduction of biodiversity and soil health. Agroecological methods, such as intercropping, have the potential to make farming more sustainable, financially feasible and to be implemented on a large scale. Gaps in agricultural research have led to limited information as to how intercropped arrangements can be adapted to be as productive as conventional systems. This research evaluates the ecological and economic performance of a lettuce and chard agroecosystem, specifically investigating the impact that density and intercropping has on plant productivity and profitability. Both species were grown in monocrop and intercrop arrangements at recommended density of 6”. The results from these plots were compared with the outcome of an intercropped arrangement at an increased density of 4”. To determine the ecological dynamics of the crop systems, percent herbivory, soil temperature and moisture, leaf area index, plant growth, rooting length, width and mass and harvested biomass were measured. Stomatal conductance and chlorophyll inflorescence levels were measured throughout the growing cycle to monitor the level of plant stress and photosynthetic capability. The economic performance of the crops was calculated from the total harvested biomass of each crop, using the standard market price. Both intercrops overyielded when compared to the monocrops. The land equivalency ratio of the recommended density intercrop was 1.19 and the increased density intercrop was 1.26, indicating that the intercrop was able to produce the same yield on less land and therefore benefit land conservation in agriculture. Economically, the intercrops also outperformed the monocrops. Overyielding in the intercrops was driven by heightened photosynthetic ability and greater resource sharing. These results serve as evidence that intercropping lettuce and chard can improve land-use efficiency and provide a higher gross revenue to farmers, and due to reduced competition, crops can be grown in a higher density arrangement.
A Survey on Multilingual Hate Speech Detection and Classification by Machine Learning Techniques

: It is critical to identify hate speech on social media. The Spread of uncontrolled hate can damage society, marginalized people, or groups. Social media plays a significant role in hate speech spreading online. Due to paralinguistic posts (e.g., emotions, hashtags) in social media, it is difficult to detect automatically in which it contains plenty of poorly written text. That provides automatic results for hate speech detection, several pieces of research were introduced ranges from simple to complex deep neural networks models. This paper proposes background detection of hate speech. Furthermore, anti-social behaviour topics and recent contributions of hate speech are reviewed. Finally, issues and recommendations of hate speech detections are explained in detail.
In-situ measurement of aerosol water content in an urban 1 area using a sequential aerosol-water measurement system 2 ( SAWMS ) 3 4

1 In-situ measurement of aerosol water content in an urban 1 area using a sequential aerosol-water measurement system 2 (SAWMS) 3 4 Shao-En Sun1, Shih-Yu Chang2, Shuenn-Chin Chang3, 4, and Chung5 Te Lee1* 6 7 1Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, 8 Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan 9 2Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, 10 Taiwan 11 3School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan 12 4Environmental Protection Administration, Taipei, 100, Taiwan 13 14
How Natural It Was”: Using a Performance Task and Simulated Classroom for Preservice Secondary Teachers to Practice Engaging Student Avatars in Scientific Argumentation

Facilitating discussions is a key approach that science teachers use to engage students in scientific argumentation. However, learning how to facilitate argumentation-focused discussions is an ambitious teaching practice that can be difficult to learn how to do well, especially for preservice teachers (PSTs) who typically have limited opportunities to tryout and refine this teaching practice. This study examines secondary PSTs’ perceptions and engagement with a science performance task—used within an online, simulated classroom consisting of five middle school student avatars—to practice this ambitious teaching practice. Findings showed that the PSTs had a strong understanding of the discussion’s primary goal and perceived the task components to be easy to understand, useful in helping them prepare for the simulated discussion, and an authentic representation of what middle school students would say and do. In addition, while the PSTs attended to similar content and pedagogical features within their facilitated discussion, they varied in their ability to successfully facilitate the discussion. This study adds to the growing literature on innovative, technology-based solutions for supporting teacher learning and points to one productive approach that can be incorporated within science teacher education as an approximation of practice of this ambitious teaching practice.
Acute kidney injury recovery induced by extracellular vesicles carrying miRNAs

1 Phenotypic changes induced by extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated in recovery of acute 2 kidney injury (AKI) induced by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). microRNAs are potential 3 candidates for cell reprogramming towards a pro-regenerative phenotype. The aim of the present study 4 was to evaluate whether microRNA de-regulation inhibits the regenerative potential of MSCs and 5 derived-EVs in a model of glycerol-induced AKI in SCID mice. For this purpose, we generated MSCs 6 depleted of Drosha, a critical enzyme of miRNA maturation, to alter miRNA expression within MSCs 7 and EVs. Drosha knock-down MSCs (MSC-Dsh) maintained the phenotype and differentiation 8 capacity. They produced EVs that did not differ from those of wild type cells in quantity, surface 9 molecule expression and internalization within renal tubular epithelial cells. However, EVs derived 10 from MSC-Dsh (EV-Dsh) showed global down-regulation of miRNAs. Whereas, wild type MSCs and 11 derived EVs were able to induce morphological and functional recovery in AKI, MSC-Dsh and EV- 12 Dsh were ineffective. RNA sequencing analysis showed that genes deregulated in kidney of AKI mice 13 were restored by treatment with MSCs and EVs but not by MSC-Dsh and EV-Dsh. Gene Ontology 14 analysis showed that down-regulated genes in AKI were associated with fatty acid metabolism. The up- 15 regulated genes in AKI were involved in inflammation, ECM-receptor interaction and cell adhesion 16 molecules. These alterations were reverted by treatment with wild type MSCs and EVs, but not by the 17 Drosha counterparts. In conclusion, miRNA depletion in MSCs and EVs significantly reduced their 18 intrinsic regenerative potential in AKI, suggesting a critical role of miRNAs . shown Whether EV-mediated transfer of miRNAs is implicated in the healing properties of MSC-derived in AKI has not yet been investigated. To address this issue, we evaluated the effect of the global suppression of miRNA biogenesis 24 by generation of Drosha knock-down MSCs to be used as EV donors. The choice of Drosha as target enzyme, was based on the knowledge that Drosha activity is restricted to the generation of miRNAs, whereas Dicer is involved in the biogenesis of multiple classes 7 of small RNAs including siRNA 25-27 . Here, we reported that depletion of Drosha in MSCs, generated EVs with a deregulation of their miRNA content and altered the intrinsic regenerative potential of MSCs and their derived EVs. These data support the relevance of miRNAs shuttled by EVs in the healing properties of MSCs.
Application of GTD for location systems

High‐frequency techniques are applied to analyze and optimize radio localization systems in indoor scenarios. The localization estimate of a mobile station is obtained using the fingerprint technique. The fingerprint of a point is a vector whose terms are the field strengths of the signal received from a network of fixed base stations. The location algorithm is based on minimizing the Euclidean distance between the fingerprint of the unknown point and the fingerprints of a mesh of reference points. Traditionally the fingerprints (stored in a database) of the reference points are obtained by measurement. Here, we propose obtaining these data by using deterministic Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (GTD) models. The model considers multiple bounces and the transmission through indoor walls and also the scattering from furniture in order to obtain a reliable database for the problem. Using the GTD model, the localization system is simulated in two indoor scenarios with different parameters. The proposed procedure based on a GTD model appears well suited for the design and optimization of localization systems tailored to specific scenarios and avoids large and costly measurement campaigns. Several results and conclusions are presented that illustrate these points.
BELT Executive functions in English second language learning: a systematic mapping review

: Recently, neuroscience studies have helped the field of Education to understand how the brain processes information and how teachers can benefit from this knowledge, specially related to Executive Functions (EFs). EFs can be described as the set of skills which allow us to perform the necessary actions to achieve a goal. There are three core EFs: working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. In the field of second language teaching and learning, are these skills integrated into the classroom practice by teachers? If so, how? Does it benefit students’ learning somehow? Also, are EFs included in the curriculum of teachers’ training programs? Are future teachers being prepared to integrate EFs to develop their students’ skills? This study aims to look for clues about these issues in recent literature and to find studies with approaches to ESL that stimulate the EFs in the learning process and how these methods are developed in teachers’ training contexts using the systematic mapping study as a method. This study considered articles from 2011 to October 2021, looking for strings related to ESL, such as teacher training and EFs. The search showed results in Scopus, Web of Science, Pub-Med, Science Direct/Elsevier and data from specific SLA journals, such as Cambridge Core, Journal of English as International Language, TESOL International Journal, Linguistics Journal and Asian EFL Journal. The first search resulted in 5803, from which 3 full read after applying the inclusion/ex-clusion criteria. As the number of articles was very low, the snowballing method was applied, resulting in more 117 articles from which other 3 were analyzed. The six studies indicated that both qualitative and quantitative data are usually used. Also, it is possible to notice that studies relating aspects of neuroscience to the ESL approaches are still in the beginning. The articles’ authors mention the need for further studies. Teachers generally are not prepared to include critical thinking in their classroom practices. Studies which developed practices and gathered data show that the students’ critical thinking and metacognition improved. Teachers should have developed their own metacognition and critical thinking to enhance their students’ skills.
Undergraduate Student

Through brief conversational interviews with 26 HMong parents (16 mothers and 10 fathers), this qualitative study examined their knowledge, support, and confidence in assisting their student in higher education. Using a multi-step qualitative approach, five meta-themes emerged: a desire or dream for the future, rau siab (hard work), specifics about schoolwork, help with everything, and advice or encouragement. This study’s findings added to a small, yet growing collection of literature based on HMong parents’ engagement in their child’s postsecondary education, with the findings aligning with and extending previous scholarship. In particular, the findings underscored the immense cultural influence and involvement that HMong parents have on their undergraduate students’ educational lives.
Open Research Online Cultural Harm: ‘trans fraud’, ‘gender deception’ and zero-sum games

In recent years zemiology has emerged to pose key questions about the ways in which social harm emerges from non-criminalised deleterious acts, from criminalisation processes and from the everyday workings of our socioeconomic systems. This article explores and contributes to the zemiological perspective by focusing specifically on developing the notion of cultural harm, as one aspect of social harm. Utilising the examples of (i) the UK Gender Recognition Act 2004, (ii) a case of ‘trans fraud’ and imprisonment, (iii) and three legal cases involving ‘gender deception’, it explores the limitations of zero-sum approaches to recognising harm. In doing so, the article develops a typology of cultural harm that enables us to move beyond current conflicting claims to harm and begin to identify alternatives that better recognise and address all forms of harm, including those imposed by the hegemonic cis-hetero-patriarchal structures.
We Strive: Initial Explorations of STEM Teachers’ Successes and Challenges in Implementing Socioscientific Issues

: This study explores two teachers participating in professional development workshops implementing SocioScientific Issues (SSI) into STEM classrooms. Two research questions were investigated: (a) To what extent did teachers implement SSI into their lesson plans and (b) In what ways did lessons change from the beginning of the workshop? About the Authors: Dr. Joseph Johnson is an Associate Professor and Chair of the Physics Department at Mercyhurst University. He teaches physics and science education courses to undergraduate and graduate STEM students and preservice teachers. Dr. Augusto Z. Macalalag, Jr is an Associate Professor of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education. He led the development of the STEM Education Graduate Certificate program at Arcadia University and co-edited a book with Dr. Johnson on the Internationalization of STEM Education (ISBN: 978-1-952092-15-2). Dr. Macalalag teaches courses in the STEM program for practicing teachers and undergraduate and graduate science methods courses to prospective teachers. Dr. Becky Mathers-Lowery is a postdoctoral researcher in the USTRIVE project at Arcadia University. She also teaches courses in environmental science and principles of sustainability to undergraduate students. Her research interests include profound experiences with nature, environmental education, and conservation psychology. Gabrielle Ialacci is an Undergraduate Research Assistant at Mercyhurst University. She is majoring in Biochemistry and is in her second year. Along with being a Research assistant, she is a STEM Teaching assistant.
P SYCHOLOGICAL A DJUSTMENT OF C HINESE P H D S TUDENTS : A N ARRATIVE S TUDY

Institutions/departments can also support international doctoral candidates by taking a more flexible approach to policies and procedures concerning doctoral students taking leave both in terms of when it is taken and the duration. Researchers can focus on international doctoral students’ positive stress- coping experiences as well as negative experiences to present a balanced picture of the doctoral journey. The findings from this research on doct oral students’ stress- coping can equip doctoral students with strategies to handle their psychological challenges, which in turn may enhance the ir overseas doctoral experiences, reduce the dropout rates, and raise awareness of supervisors and institutions about doctoral students’ psychological well- being s. Future research can examine the stress-coping experiences of other international doctoral students, focusing not only from the individual psychological angle but from the academic and social perspectives.
Three Dimensional Perspective for Designing Healthcare Services

Successful e-Health system engineering mainly depends on accurate and complete modelling of the HealthCare (HC) processes. These HC service processes are governed by a variety of regulations and rules enforced by many distinct authorities. Availability of these governance directives mostly on paper based-medium makes a bunch of information logistics and related issues in HC processes of e-Health systems. Further, even captured such directives are getting often buried in lower technical realizations making its impossible not only real-time adoption but also manipulation on long run by respective non-technical higher authorities. In order to rectify and to facilitate these stakeholders’ requirements for assistance with their access to these governing layers of e-Health solutions, in this work, we have proposed a three-dimensional ontological framework. This framework is expected to provide a complete and sound platform first to identify and then to develop eHealth solutions in compliance with those governing directives. In addition, it will ensure making convenient access with the non-technical higher healthcare authorities to monitoring and to governing HC processes. Proposed framework consists of three dimensions; 1) HC process activity dimension, 2) HC responsibility dimension and 3) HC directive enforcement dimension. The proposed approach facilitates the separation of concerns in HC governing perspectives in e-health solution development.
Astrometric and Photometric Investigations of 2009 WZ104 Near Earth Asteroid

The 2009 WZ104 asteroid was discovered with 68-cm Schmidt Catalina Sky Survey telescope of Mount Lemmon Observatory in Arizona (USA) in 25 of November 2009. The observations of the new object were confirmed with 60-cm reflector of Schiaparelli observatory (Italy) and 35-cm Schmidt - Cassegrain telescope of Alter Saltzberg observatory (Vienna, Austria). The asteroid was attributed as potentially hazardous near Earth asteroid. The minimal orbit intersection distance is 0.0304 a.e. The observations of the 2009 WZ104 asteroid were continued with MTM-500M 50-cm meniscus telescope and ZA-320M 32-cm mirror astrograph of Pulkovo observatory (Russia) since late 2009. The observations were made in the framework of NEOs investigation program. The following tasks were established for the investigation: to get astrometric and photometric (in BVRI bands) series of observations, to improve the asteroid orbit on the base of the observational data, to determine its taxonomic class and absolute magnitude, to investigate the dynamics of its rotation, to estimate its physical parameters. The asteroid was attributed to Aten group among NEAs.
An Enhanced Classifier for Authentication in Keystroke Dynamics Using Experimental Data

The problem of cyber-attacks on information systems and networks, for various illegal purposes, has become a major threat to society and individuals. Computer hackers are using all possible means to get access to private data, or to destroy such data. It has become necessary to improve computer security through more advanced access control mechanisms. Recently the use of biometrics has been employed to strengthen access control through user authentication that is based on users‟ measureable features. The work in this thesis examines the keystroke dynamics approach, as a biometric authentication scheme that does not require extra hardware. The study is focused on enhancing an anomaly detector that is based on a statistical model of classifying the typing rhythm of a person who is trying to access a computer system, whether it is a genuine user or an imposter. An anomaly detector model is proposed, which uses the median for each typing feature element of as the point of center to measure acceptance against, and a Distance-to-Median threshold value which gives the upper and lower limits for an acceptable feature element. The proposed model is evaluated using a public benchmark dataset of 20,400 records of password typing time measurement, collected by the Biometrics Lab of Carnagei Melon University. The proposed model achieves lowest error rates of False Acceptance and False Rejection, compared to previous results of using other models on the same dataset.