Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inference in functional mixed regression models with applications to Positron Emission Tomography imaging data

In a function‐on‐scalar regression framework, we present some modeling strategies for functional mixed models and also some approaches for making inference about various aspects of the fixed effects. This is presented in the context of modeling positron emission tomography (PET) data in order to explore the density of various proteins of interest throughout the human brain. For this application, information about the density of the target protein in a given brain region is encapsulated in the impulse response function (IRF) of the region. Previous work on nonparametric estimation of the IRF is limited in that it is only able to model a single brain region at a time. We propose an extension, based on principles of functional data analysis, that will allow modeling of multiple brain regions simultaneously. Applicable more broadly to functional mixed regression modeling, we discuss two general approaches for permutation testing and describe valid strategies for identifying exchangeable units within the model and building corresponding permutation tests. We illustrate our methods with an application to PET data and explore the effects of depression and sex on the IRF.
Developmental stages challenging cross-linguistic transfer: L2 acquisition of Norwegian adjectival agreement in attributive and predicative contexts

This study presents cross-sectional data on adjectival agreement in second-language (L2) learners of Norwegian with four different first languages (L1s). The target language has full noun phrase agreement between article, adjective and noun, and the source languages represent different agreement conditions, similar to or different from the target language. Sixteen learners participated in the study, and their oral production of adjective agreement was analysed individually. Two hypotheses were proposed. First, learners will develop adjectival agreement in a piecemeal way and follow the developmental stages predicted by Processability Theory (Pienemann, 1998), with attributive and predicative agreement implicationally ordered. Second, learners with adjective agreement in the L1 will transfer that into the L2, whereas learners without agreement in the L1 will not use agreement. Under the first hypothesis, we expect the learners to be distributed along a developmental scale, with some learners applying agreement in attributive positions only and others applying agreement in both the attributive and predicative positions. Under the second hypothesis, we anticipate a difference between the groups: Learners with agreement in their L1 will mark agreement in all contexts where it occurs in the L1, whereas learners who do not have agreement in their L1 will fail to mark agreement overall. The comparison demonstrates larger differences within the L1 groups than between the L1 groups. This suggests a gradual acquisition of agreement, with the agreement features and positions emerging one by one rather than being transferred from the L1.
HPTLC Profile and Screening of Antimicrobial Activity of Pongamia Pinnata Pierre

Aim: Plant secondary metabolites are the alternatives for the control of the antibiotic resistant pathogens which are highly infectious to human and plants. With respect to these aspects present work was carried out with phytochemical studies and antibacterial screening of Pongamia pinnata Pierre. Materials: The Preliminary phytochemical screening and HPTLC studies were performed with methanolic extracts of seeds and callus. The extracts of the seeds and callus was developed in the mobile phase of toluene: ethyl acetate (90:10) using standard procedures and scanned under UV at 254 nm, 366 nm and visible light at 540 nm.Further, the extracts of seeds and callus were made in diethyl ether and methanol used for in vitro antibacterial activity. It was performed against multi drug resistance organisms such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The organic extracts at a concentrations of 0.02 mg/ml 0.1 mg/ml were taken to study the inhibition properties. Results: The Pongamia pinnata Pierre HPTLC fingerprint analysis from the extracts showed a wide range of secondary metabolites. The methanolic extracts of seed and callus showed significant inhibition zones. Original Research Article Shirsat et al.; JPRI, 33(30A): 205-215, 2021; Article no.JPRI. 69336 206 Conclusions: The study reveals the new antimicrobial agent in the form of Pongamia pinnata callus extracted with methanol will be definitely an alternative to synthetic drugs or antibiotic agents.
Principle B constrains the processing of cataphora: Evidence for syntactic and discourse predictions

We tested whether comprehenders can use Binding Principle B (Chomsky, 1981) to guide antecedent search during the processing of cataphoric pronouns. We implemented two self-paced reading experiments using the gender mismatch paradigm (van Gompel & Liversedge, 2003) as an index of active prediction of coreference between a cataphor and a main clause subject. In both experiments, we find gender mismatch effects at the main clause subject when coreference with the cataphor is grammatically acceptable. We do not find comparable gender mismatch effects in conditions where coreference is ruled out by Principle B. Our results are broadly consistent with models in which grammatical constraints guide active referential processing in comprehension. We illustrate how such the parser integrates syntactic and discourse-level information to achieve grammatical sensitivity during incremental referential processing.
Diversity of Algae and Cyanobacteria and Bioindication Characteristics of the Alpine Lake Nesamovyte (Eastern Carpathians, Ukraine) from 100 Years Ago to the Present

The species diversity and changes in the structural dynamics of the algal flora from the alpine lake Nesamovyte has been studied for 100 years. During the period of investigations, 234 species (245 infraspecific taxa) were revealed to cover more than 70% of the modern species composition of the studied lake. The modern biodiversity of algae is characterized by an increase in the number of widespread forms, a change from the baseline “montane” complex in comparison to the beginning of the 20th century. Nevertheless, the Nesamovyte Lake still has a unique algae composition that is typical for high-mountainous European lakes. The presence of a different complex of conventionally arctic species of algae, in particular, diatoms is discussed. Structural changes in the taxonomic composition of the algal flora of the lake as well as in the complex of the leading genera, species and their diversity are revealed. An ecological analysis of the algal species composition of the lake showed vulnerability and degradation to the ecosystem of the lake. On this basis, the issue regarding the question of protection and preservation of the algae significance and uniqueness of the flora of algae in the Nesamovyte Lake are discussed.
Cellulase Enzymatic Extraction of Total Flavonoids of Astragalus Technology

Objective To opmtimize the extraction technics for total flavonoids from Astragalus.Methods The orthogonal design was conducted to investigate the main cellulose enzymatic extraction of total flavonoids from Astragalus and the best extraction technics was determined.Results The optimum conditions cellulose enzymatic extraction of total flavonoids from Astragalus were as follows: enzymolysis time 120min,hydrolysis temperature 30 ℃,enzyme volume 8mg,PH value 4.5. Conclusion This method is simple and feasible.It is an effective way for extraction of total flavonoids from Astragalis.
Couple and Family Therapy Students’ Experience of Transitioning to Teletherapy and Telesupervision in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of students enrolled in COAMFTE-accredited Couple and Family Therapy programs who transitioned to telehealth and telesupervision during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using Likert scales and free response prompts, 77 graduate students provided insight into how their academic programs and external internships prepared them for the transition. Results indicated webinars, articles, and additional supervision were the most frequently used training methods. Many participants reported feeling supported by their academic program and external internship supervisors, particularly through well-being check-ins, candid and open discussion, and increased availability of supervisors. A smaller proportion of participants experienced a lack of communication from leadership, leading to feelings of disorganization and isolation. These results highlight specific ways supervisors and instructors can support students in times of transition and crisis. Recommendations regarding communication with students and engagement of interns for academic programs and external internship sites are provided.
Implementing an evidence-based competency model for science team training and evaluation: TeamMAPPS

Abstract Introduction: In response to a call issued by the National Research Council to investigate the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of effective science teams, we designed a team training program for conducting science in collaborative contexts. Methods: We reviewed the literature to develop an evidence-based competency model for effective science teams along with exemplary behaviors that can be used for founding team training and evaluation. We discuss the progress of teamwork and team development research that serves as a foundation for this work, as well as previous research involving team-based competencies. Results: Three overarching competencies emerged from the literature as key for science team effectiveness: psychological safety, awareness and exchange, and self-correction and adaptation. These competencies are fully described, including their evidence base. Conclusions: We developed a competency model and implementation plan for a team training program specific to science teams – TeamMAPPS (Team Methods to Advance Processes and Performance in Science). This paper details steps in the implementation process, including plans for consortia dissemination, evaluation, and future development.
Dynamic Parameters and Hysteresis Loop Characteristics of Frozen Silt Clay under Different Cyclic Stress Paths

In cold regions, the long-term stability of engineering facilities is unavoidably influenced by the negative temperature, freeze-thaw process, dry-wet process, and dynamic loading conditions induced by earthquakes and traffic loads. In order to investigate the effects of different cyclic stress paths on the evolution of dynamic mechanical properties of frozen silt clay, a series of cyclic triaxial tests with variation confining pressure (VCP) or constant confining pressure (CCP) were performed. Triaxial low-temperature apparatus (MTS-810) was taken advantage of to simulating various cyclic stress paths by changing cyclic loading conditions of axial stress and confining pressure. In this paper, the evolution features of the axial resilient modulus, damping ratios, and the shape of hysteresis loops with an increase in the number of load cycles under different dynamic stress paths are comprehensively studied. The results show that the loading angle of cyclic stress path and the phase difference between cyclic axial stress and confining pressure are the main factors that remarkably affect the development characteristics of the resilient modulus and damping ratio. With increasing of the loading angle and phase difference, the resilient modulus increases, but damping ratio increases with increasing of loading angle and with decreasing of phase difference. With the continuous increase in the number of loading cycles, the samples of frozen soil show compacting and hardening characteristics. With an increase in the number of load cycles, the shape of hysteresis loop becoming narrows, the resilient modulus decreases at the initial stage and then gradually increases, and the damping ratio stably decreases. According to contrastively analyzing the evolution of dynamic parameters and the shape features of hysteresis loops under various cyclic stress paths, it can be clearly discovered that the evolution of sample microstructure and the development of dynamic characteristics of frozen samples have obvious dependence on the cyclic stress path. Therefore, the effects of variable confining pressure (VCP) on dynamic behaviors of frozen soils are nonnegligible in practical cold region engineering.
Research on "Cylinder-Four-Beam" Microstructure Improvement of MEMS Bionic Vector Hydrophone

The existing MEMS bionic vector hydrophone has the problems of low-sensitivity and narrow-working band, and the sensitivity and working bandwidth cannot be improved simultaneously by changing the single microstructural parameter. In this paper, the MEMS bionic vector hydrophone microstructural parameters (length, width and height of cantilever, side length of the center block, height and radius of the rigid cylinder) have been optimized simultaneously to obtain a higher sensitivity at the almost same working bandwidth. Firstly, through the mechanical analysis of the microstructure, the objective function and feasible region are established to optimize the parameters of the microstructure, and a set of optimized parameters is obtained. Secondly, the optimized structure is verified by ANSYS simulation, and then, the optimized four-beam structure is fabricated by the MEMS manufacturing technology. Finally, these two kinds of hydrophones (the previous one and the optimized one) are produced, and their performance tests are carried out. The testing results show that the performances of the optimized hydrophone have been greatly improved, exhibiting a receiving sensitivity of −181.2 dB@1 kHz (increasing by 6.5 dB, 0 dB reference 1 V/μ Pa), the frequency response ranging from 20 Hz to 1 kHz which is the same working bandwidth as before, and a good dipole directivity. The optimization researches in this paper provide a method and idea for the performance improvement of the following MEMS vector hydrophone.
MKEL: Multiple Kernel Ensemble Learning via Unified Ensemble Loss for Image Classification

In this article, a novel ensemble model, called Multiple Kernel Ensemble Learning (MKEL), is developed by introducing a unified ensemble loss. Different from the previous multiple kernel learning (MKL) methods, which attempt to seek a linear combination of basis kernels as a unified kernel, our MKEL model aims to find multiple solutions in corresponding Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHSs) simultaneously. To achieve this goal, multiple individual kernel losses are integrated into a unified ensemble loss. Therefore, each model can co-optimize to learn its optimal parameters by minimizing a unified ensemble loss in multiple RKHSs. Furthermore, we apply our proposed ensemble loss into the deep network paradigm and take the sub-network as a kernel mapping from the original input space into a feature space, named Deep-MKEL (D-MKEL). Our D-MKEL model can utilize the diversified deep individual sub-networks into a whole unified network to improve the classification performance. With this unified loss design, our D-MKEL model can make our network much wider than other traditional deep kernel networks and more parameters are learned and optimized. Experimental results on several mediate UCI classification and computer vision datasets demonstrate that our MKEL model can achieve the best classification performance among comparative MKL methods, such as Simple MKL, GMKL, Spicy MKL, and Matrix-Regularized MKL. On the contrary, experimental results on large-scale CIFAR-10 and SVHN datasets concretely show the advantages and potentialities of the proposed D-MKEL approach compared to state-of-the-art deep kernel methods.
A Comparison of Discrete Schemes for Numerical Solution of Parabolic Problems with Fractional Power Elliptic Operators

The main aim of this article is to analyze the efficiency of general solvers for parabolic problems with fractional power elliptic operators. Such discrete schemes can be used in the cases of non-constant elliptic operators, non-uniform space meshes and general space domains. The stability results are proved for all algorithms and the accuracy of obtained approximations is estimated by solving well-known test problems. A modification of the second order splitting scheme is presented, it combines the splitting method to solve locally the nonlinear subproblem and the AAA algorithm to solve the nonlocal diffusion subproblem. Results of computational experiments are presented and analyzed.
Seasonal effect on semen availability and quality of racing pigeon in Thailand

Background and Aim: Seasonal variations among geographical regions could influence pigeon semen quality differently. This study aimed to determine the seasonal effect on semen availability and quality of racing pigeons in Thailand to understand and improve breeding management in the country. Materials and Methods: Semen was collected from six fertile captive pigeons once a week during summer (March-June), monsoon (July-October), and winter (November-February) during 2019-2020. The success rate of semen collection and semen quality was determined in each season – by which changes in average temperature, humidity, and photoperiod were obtained. Results: Comparable success rates of semen collection were acquired among different seasons, while varied semen qualities were revealed. The percentages of total motility and progressive motility score of sperm were significantly lowest in summer (66.35±3.40 and 3.88±0.15, respectively) compared to monsoon (85.45±2.91 and 4.67±0.10, respectively) and winter (79.29±1.96 and 4.37±0.10, respectively), while its concentration (×109 sperm/mL) and outputs (×106 sperm) were significantly highest in winter (7.62±0.54 and 91.44±10.83, respectively) compared to summer (4.23±0.41 and 48.45±6.35, respectively) and monsoon (3.57±0.30 and 51.45±7.21, respectively). Besides, semen samples collected from birds housing at an average temperature of <29.5°C demonstrated better sperm motility sperm concentration and total sperm counts than those from at a higher temperature. Conclusion: Winter was regarded as the best season contributing the best semen quality, while summer was the worst. Due to the fluctuation of temperature during summer and winter, the seasonal temperature was implied as the major factor contributing to changes in sperm quality of racing pigeons in Thailand.
Wind Farm Cable Connection Layout Optimization with Several Substations

Green energy has become a media issue due to climate changes, and consequently, the population has become more aware of pollution. Wind farms are an essential energy production alternative to fossil energy. The incentive to produce wind energy was a government policy some decades ago to decrease carbon emissions. In recent decades, wind farms were formed by a substation and a couple of turbines. Nowadays, wind farms are designed with hundreds of turbines requiring more than one substation. This paper formulates an integer linear programming model to design wind farms’ cable layout with several turbines. The proposed model obtains the optimal solution considering different cable types, infrastructure costs, and energy losses. An additional constraint was considered to limit the number of cables that cross a walkway, i.e., the number of connections between a set of wind turbines and the remaining wind farm. Furthermore, considering a discrete set of possible turbine locations, the model allows identifying those that should be present in the optimal solution, thereby addressing the optimal location of the substation(s) in the wind farm. The paper illustrates solutions and the associated costs of two wind farms, with up to 102 turbines and three substations in the optimal solution, selected among sixteen possible places. The optimal solutions are obtained in a short time.
Single-Context Recording, Field Interpretation and Reflexivity: An Analysis of Primary Data In Context Sheets

ABSTRACT In recent decades, it has been frequently asserted that the standardization of recording methods for archaeological excavation has compromised the quality of site records because interpretative information is minimal, and it is difficult to assess its security due to the absence of a reflexive background. For many archaeologists, single-context recording is the perfect example of such problems in field recording. But this claim is controversial, as it is inconsistent with archaeological interpretative theory that states that field interpretation and data quality depend on various epistemic circumstances, such as the skill of fieldworkers, the background knowledge of a site, and the character of remains. By taking an example of a commercial excavation in London, this paper will show the extent to which standardization and other epistemic factors determine the process of field recording.
Detrital chromite from Jack Hills, Western Australia: signatures of metamorphism and constraints on provenance

Detrital chromites are commonly reported within Archean metasedimentary rocks, but have thus far garnered little attention for use in provenance studies. Systematic variations of Cr-Fe spinel mineral chemistry with changing tectonic setting has resulted in the extensive use of chromite as a petrogenetic indicator, and so detrital chromites represent good candidates to investigate the petrogenesis of eroded Archean mafic and ultramafic crust. Here, we report the compositions of detrital chromites within fuchsitic (Cr-muscovite rich) metasedimentary rocks from the Jack Hills, situated within the Narryer Terrane, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, which are geologically renowned for hosting Hadean (>4000 Ma) zircons. We highlight signatures of metamorphism, including highly elevated ZnO and MnO, coupled with lowered Mg# in comparison to magmatic chromites, development of pitted domains, and replacement of primary inclusions by phases that are part of the metamorphic assemblages within host metasedimentary rocks. Oxygen isotope compositions of detrital chromites record variable exchange with host metasedimentary rocks. The variability of metamorphic signatures between chromites sampled only meters apart further indicates modification occurred in-situ by interaction of detrital chromites with metamorphic fluids and secondary mineral assemblages. Alteration likely occurred during upper greenschist to lower amphibolite facies metamorphism and deformation of host metasedimentary rocks at ∼2650 Ma. Regardless of metamorphic signatures, sampling location or grain shape, chromite cores yield a consistent range in Cr#. While other key petrogenetic indices, such as Fe2O3 and TiO2 contents, are complicated in Jack Hills chromites by mineral non-stoichiometry and secondary mobility within metasedimentary rocks, we demonstrate that the Cr# of chromite yields significant insights into their provenance. Importantly, moderate Cr# (typically 55-70) precludes a komatiitic origin for the bulk of chromites, reflecting a dearth of komatiites and intrusive equivalents within the erosional catchment of the Jack Hills metasedimentary units. We suggest the Cr# of Jack Hills chromite fits well with chromites derived from layered intrusions, and that a single layered intrusion may account for the observed chemical compositions of Jack Hills detrital chromites. Where detailed characterisation of key metamorphic signatures is undertaken, detrital chromites preserved within Archean metasedimentary rocks may therefore yield valuable information on the petrogenesis and geodynamic setting of poorly preserved mafic and ultramafic crust.