Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Range expansion of a fouling species indirectly impacts local species interactions (#18935)

We investigate how recent changes in the distribution and abundance of a fouling organism affect the strength of interactions between a commercially important foundation species and a common predator. Increases in the abundance of boring sponges that bioerode the calcified shells of oysters and other shelled organisms have been attributed to increased salinization of estuarine ecosystems. We test the hypothesis that fouling by boring sponges will change the interaction strength between oysters and a common predator (stone crabs). We generated five oyster density treatments crossed with two sponge treatments (sponge and no sponge). We contrasted the interaction strength between stone crabs and fouled and non-fouled oysters by comparing the parameters of fitted functional response curves based on Rogers random predation model. We found that fouled oysters suffered higher predation from stone crabs, and that the increased predation risk stemmed from a reduction in the handling time needed to consume the fouled oysters. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the effects of abiotic changes on both the composition of ecological communities, and on the strengths of direct and indirect interactions among species. Global climate change is altering local ecosystems in complex ways, and the success of restoration, management, and mitigation strategies for important species requires a better appreciation for how these effects cascade through ecosystems. Abstract 11 We investigate how recent changes a fouling organism affect the strength of interactions between a commercially important foundation species and a 13 common predator. Increases in the abundance of boring sponges that bioerode the calcified shells 14 of oysters and other shelled organisms have been attributed to increased salinization of estuarine 15 ecosystems. We test the hypothesis that fouling by boring sponges will change the interaction 16 strength between oysters and a common predator (stone crabs). We generated five oyster density 17 treatments crossed with two sponge treatments (sponge and no sponge). We contrasted the 18 interaction strength between stone crabs and fouled and non-fouled oysters by comparing the 19 parameters of fitted functional response curves based on Rogers random predation model. We 20 found that fouled oysters suffered higher predation from stone crabs, and that the increased 21 predation risk stemmed from a reduction in the handling time needed to consume the fouled 22 oysters. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the effects of abiotic changes 23 on both the composition of ecological communities, and on the strengths of direct and indirect interactions among species. Global climate change is altering local ecosystems in complex ways, and the success of restoration, management, and mitigation strategies for important species requires a better appreciation for how these effects cascade through ecosystems.
Microsoft Word-p056_vTypesetted.docx

The addition of error bars in graphs can greatly assist readers in determining where differences lie between groups or conditions. The use of error bars to represent the standard error of the mean or confidence intervals is relatively straightforward for between-subject (independent group) designs. However, confusion still abounds as to how best to graph these same measures for within-subject (repeated-measures) designs. This paper serves both to consolidate previous recommendations regarding error bars for within-subject studies and to provide clear instructions as to how to implement these recommendations using typical statistical packages.
Thirsty Runner - A Hydration Mapping Tool for Distance Runners

Millions of Americans participate in long distance running as a form of exercise and recreation each day. For these runners—and any other athletes—maintaining proper hydration is essential for one’s health in preventing cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. Many cities and suburban areas across the country have publically available drinking fountains. Designing an application to provide the locations of these drinking fountains could help address the issue of improper hydration for runners. Research on a characterization of the typical runner showed that this potential user had a broad range of age, was more likely to be female, highly educated, and very dedicated to his or her sport. The distributed nature of drinking fountains means that an application can not only provide these locations but allow them to be uploaded by its users. In this paper, I present the results of the process of designing Thirsty Runner—a mapping website for runners to find and add locations of drinking fountains—through user-centered design methodologies. The design evolved from feedback provided by long-distance runners during hour-long individual interviews and guided usability test sessions. Not only did the final design allow users to accomplish primary tasks of building running routes and submitting fountain locations, but it also took steps to address issues with collecting volunteered geographic data, including data credibility and data accuracy. Beyond that, my research provides observations on runners’ mindset regarding planning a run and view of hydration. Finally, I conclude by discussing the limitations of my proposed design and the research needed to refine Thirsty Runner further. Acknowledgements I would like to thank my wife, Christa, for her love and encouragement and for putting up with me during this long and difficult process. I’d also like to thank all of my professors at the University of Baltimore. In particular, I’d like to thank my Advisor Greg Walsh for providing guidance and support in making my career transition into a fullfledged UX professional. It’s hard to believe how much I have grown and accomplished since starting this program. It feels like only yesterday I was driving home from a job I hated, considering a career change, and Greg was on the phone with me explaining what UX even is (while feeding his children in the background). Greg, I appreciate what you’ve done for over the past 2 1⁄2 years, and if you’re reading this, maybe you can finally respond to my email.
Title: Determinants of winter indoor temperatures below the threshold for healthy living in England Authors:

This study investigated the determinants of the proportion of hours a dwelling meets the indoor temperature threshold for healthy living of at least 18°C in winter, as recommended in a recent review. Secondary data analysis of a nationally representative survey of English homes (N = 635) showed that older dwellings, detached homes, single occupancy and living in the North of England are associated with the lowest share of hours at the recommended temperature threshold in bedroom, living room, and hallway. These identified determinants could be used to target households at greatest risk of ‘unhealthy’ temperatures. Being aged above 64 and having a disability is linked to more hours at the criterion; an encouraging finding that the most vulnerable experience low temperatures to a lesser extent. This study also highlights the need for further research particularly in relation to those variables where results were equivocal and / or there was weak supporting evidence, such as tenure, wall type, and EPC rating.
MODELING OF COOPERATIVE BEHAVIOR IN MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS

Cooperative behavior is understood as a community of agents who decide to cooperate to reduce the average weighted fines to solve a task or achieve a certain goal, in our case, synchronize the lightning. The problem of forming cooperative behavior is intensively investigated in modern scientific literature on the use of multi-agent systems, for example, for distance learning, management of organizational systems, the construction of various virtual organizations and communities, management of distributed computing, management of public institutions and socio-economic processes, and others.
Comparison of Some Common Tests for Normality

The normal distribution is the bedrock of many statistical procedures. Inferences and conclusions from parametric statistical analysis may not be valid when the normality assumption is violated. Three common procedures used for evaluating whether a random sample of independent observations come from a population with normal distribution are: graphical methods (histograms, box plots, Q-Q-plots), numerical methods (skewness and kurtosis) and formal normality tests. In this study, the type I error rates and power of four common formal tests of normality: Anderson-Darling (AD) test, Chi-square (CS) test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test and Shapiro-Wilk (SW) test were compared. Type I error rate of the four tests were computed via simulation (in R) of sample data generated from the standard normal while power comparisons was conducted using common continuous and discrete type as well as less common mixture normal alternative distributions. Five thousand independent samples of various sample sizes were generated from the different distributions considered. Our findings reveal that Shapiro-Wilk test has the most acceptable type I error rate amongst the four tests, followed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Anderson-Darling test and Chi-square test. The power study revealed that none of the four tests is uniformly most powerful for all types of alternative distributions under consideration. Shapiro-Wilk test is the most powerful amongst the four normality tests for continuous –type alternative distributions while Chi-square test outperforms the other three tests for discrete-type distributions. All four normality tests have significantly low powers under the mixture normal distributions with unequal means and equal variances irrespective of the mixture probabilities while there is an improved performance under mixture normals with unequal means and unequal variances.
Electricity network transformation roadmap: final report

Australia’s national science agency, CSIRO, and the peak national body representing gas distribution and electricity transmission and distribution businesses in Australia, Energy Networks Australia, have partnered to develop an Electricity Network Transformation Roadmap (the Roadmap). The Roadmap Final Report is the product of more than two years of collaborative work carried out by Energy Networks Australia and CSIRO. More than 200 different industry representatives contributed at over 14 workshops and webinars held as part of the public consultation process. Information on the Roadmap has been viewed more than 30,000 times during the development process. The Roadmap Final Report identifies integrated measures which can achieve a positive energy future for Australian energy customers - enabling choice, lower emissions, lower costs and high security and reliability.
RANS simulation of the tip vortex flow generated around a NACA 0015 hydrofoil and examination of its hydrodynamic characteristics

ABSTRACT Understanding the flow behaviour of the tip vortex around hydrofoils, the corresponding pressure distribution and generated tip vortices are the key factors for prediction of cavitation inception and acoustic noise generation. Accordingly, numerical simulation of tip vortex flow generated around a National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics’ hydrofoil (NACA 0015) is hereby investigated in the present study. To this end, the commercial software Ansys-CFX is applied, and Navier–Stokes equations are solved. Numerical simulations are performed using k-ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) model turbulence model. Validity of the solution is examined by comparing the obtained results against available experimental data for pressure coefficient distribution and lift coefficient (CL). Moreover, the lift and drag coefficients are computed and presented at different angles of attack. The velocity vector fields along with generated tip vortices are also presented. Two different vortices are observed, which are combined in the neighbourhood of trailing edge. On the other hand, the pressure distribution at the tip section is reported and effects of tip vortex on pressure variations are displayed and analysed. Ultimately, the streamlines are illustrated, and flow behaviour in the tip area and at the wake of the NACA hydrofoil is investigated.
Cytosolic Phospholipase A 2 (cPLA 2 ) Regulation of Human Monocyte NADPH Oxidase Activity cPLA 2 AFFECTS TRANSLOCATION BUT NOT PHOSPHORYLATION OF p67 phox AND p47 phox

The NADPH oxidase of human monocytes is activated upon exposure to opsonized zymosan and a variety of other stimuli to catalyze the formation of superoxide anion. Assembly of the NADPH oxidase complex is believed to be a highly regulated process, and molecular mechanisms responsible for this regulation have yet to be fully elucidated. We have previously reported that cytosolic phospholipase A 2 (cPLA 2 ) expression and ac- tivity are essential for superoxide anion production in activated human monocytes. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms involved in cPLA 2 regulation of NADPH oxidase activation by evaluating the effects of cPLA 2 on translocation and phosphorylation of p67 phox and p47 phox . We report that translocation and phosphorylation of p67 phox , as well as p47 phox , occur upon activation of human monocytes and that decreased cPLA 2 protein expression, mediated by antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides (AS-ODN) specific for cPLA 2 mRNA, blocked the stimulation-induced translocation of p47 phox and p67 phox from the cytosol to the membrane fraction. Inhibition of translocation of both p47 phox and p67 phox by cPLA 2 AS-ODN was 85%. Arachidonic acid (AA), a product of cPLA 2 enzymatic activity, completely restored translocation of both of these oxidase components in the AS-ODN-treated, cPLA 2 -deficient hu- man monocytes. These results represent the first report that cPLA 2 activity or AA is required for p67 phox and p47 phox translocation in human monocytes. Although cPLA 2 was required for translocation of p47 phox and p67 phox , it did not influence phosphorylation of these components. These results suggest that one mechanism of cPLA 2 regulation of NADPH oxidase activity is to control the arachidonate-sensitive assembly of the com-plete oxidase complex through modulating the translocation of both p47 phox and p67 phox . These studies provide insight into the mechanisms by which activation signals are transduced to allow the induction of superoxide anion production in human monocytes.
Alteration of Host Specificity in Bacillus subtilis DARREL

INTRODUCTION. 297 RESULs. 297 Characteristics of the Two Phages. 297 Optimal Temperature for Destruction of the Restrictive Mechanism . 297 Effect ofMOI on Infectious Center Formation. 298 Adsorption ofSP-20 Phage to Heated 168 Cells. 298 Lysis ofSP-20 Phage-infected 168 Cells Rendered Permissive with Heat. 298 Regeneration of the Restrictive Mechanism in Heated 168 Cells. 299 Propagation ofSP-20 Phage in 168 Cells Rendered Permissive by Heat. 299 Rescue of Phiages SP-10 and SP-20 from Restricted 168 Cells. 300 DISCUSSION. 300 LiTERATupECIri . 301
Identification of Salinity Resistance Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Genotypes by SSR Markers

The salt concentration in the soil, when reached a level that is harmful for growth, salinity is said to be developed. The accumulated salts are mostly the soluble salts of calcium, magnesium and potassium. The anions found are mostly chlorides and sulfates with some carbonates and bicarbonates [1]. Although plants growing in salty soils (halophytes) do not normally required high salinity, some like Halogeton glomerata, will not survive in non-saline culture solution, while other like salicornia, and grow only poorly [2]. One solution is to make the soil environment more suitable for the healthy growth of a wide range of plants. This can be achieved through a hydrological agricultural engineering approach in conjunction with the chemical/biological reclamation of saltaffected soils. However, certain limitations especially insufficient supply of canal water, saline underground irrigation water, the increasing price of energy-intensive inputs, poor soil drainage and mismanagement of water and soil resources mean that the technological approach is unlikely to achieve the desired success. Since many of salt affected soils are beyond the reach of conventional reclamation techniques, a major scientific thrust has been aimed at developing suitable salt tolerant cultivars to bring these lands into agricultural productivity. Nevertheless, it must be emphasized that both approaches are complementary and not mutually exclusive. In Pakistan, wheat is grown on about 8.46 million hectares with total production of over 21.07 million tones, but a significant part of the wheat-growing area suffers from salinity and sodicity which adversely affects crop fields. If varieties of wheat capable of giving high yields on slight to moderately saltaffected soils could be developed, the productivity of such lands would be increased manifold and it might also permit expansion of agriculture into more marginal lands.
Effect of Visual feedback on Maximum Phonation Time

Review of the literature has shown different views on the use of maximum phonation time (MPT) in clinical assessment of voice. The purposes of the study were to determine the usefulness of MPT in discriminating normal and dysphonic voice and the effect of continuous visual feedback of phonation time on the MPT of nondysponic individuals. Forty nondysphonic (20 females and 20 males) and 9 dysphonic (7 females and 2 males) subjects aged between 20 to 55 years were recruited. Participants produced 15 trials of each of the vowels /a/, /i/ and /u/ with controlled frequency and intensity level. The study found that visual feedback had no significant effect on MPT values and MPT was useful in discriminating normal and dysphonic voice. Results of the study supported the use of MPT as a clinical assessment tool for vocal function while questioned the added value of using visual feedback in MPT task.
Reduced-Order Modelling of Nonlinear Aircraft Structures

An application of nonlinear model reduction for a full-scale passenger aircraft, exhibiting geometric structural nonlinearity, is presented. The model reduction approach is based on eigenmode decomposition about the coupled aeroelastic system’s reference equilibrium point combined with a projection of the expanded full-order nonlinear residual function. Efforts are made to establish a structured approach to identify the dominant modes required to construct an accurate reduced-order model for such nonlinear aeroelastic system. Time-domain results for gust response analysis are then presented to study the effect of structural nonlinearities and to compare the reduced model against the full-order simulation. Results show both the linear and nonlinear reduced-order models are capable of accurately predicting the dynamic gust response of aircraft structures while achieving significant reduction in system size.
Purification, Cloning, and Sequence Analysis of a Mr 5 30,000 Protein from Sea Urchin Axonemes That Is Important for Sperm Motility RELATIONSHIP OF THE PROTEIN TO A DYNEIN LIGHT CHAIN*

From the ‡Urology Research Laboratory, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, 687 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A1, ¶CEA de Grenoble, Département de Biologie Moléculaire et Structurale, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, iURA 671 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Observatoire Océanologique, Station Marine, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France, **Molecular Endocrinology, Faculty of Medecine, McGill University, and ‡‡Biotechnology Research Institute, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4P 2R2
Kalman Filter Based Controlled Online System Identification

In the development of model predictive controllers a significant amount of time and effort is necessary for the development of the empirical control models. Even if on-line measurements are available, the control models have to be estimated carefully. The payback time of a model predictive controller could be significantly reduced, if a common identification tool would be available which could be introduced in a control scheme right away. In this work it was developed a control system which consists of a neural network (NN) with external recurrence only, whose parameters are adjusted by the extended Kalman filter in real-time. The output of the neural network is used in a control loop to study its accuracy in a control loop. At the moment this control loop is a NN-model based minimum variance controller. The on-line system identification with controller was tested on a simulation of a fed-batch penicillin production process to understand its behaviour in a complex environment. On every signal process and measurements noise was applied. Even though the NN was never trained before, the controller did not diverge. Although it seemed like the on-line prediction of the NN was quite accurate, the real process was not learned yet. This was checked by simulating the process with the NN obtained at the end of the batch. Nevertheless the process was maintained under control near the wanted set-points. These results show a promising start for a model predictive controller using an on-line system identification method, which could greatly reduce implementation times.
Parkinsonism and Related Disorders

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder comprising both motor and cognitive disability. The pathogenesis of the disease is still unclear; however, neuroinflammation seemed to play a role. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) reported an association between HLA-DRA rs3129882 and the development of PD in Caucasian populations. In this study, we observe no association between this single nucleotide polymorphism and PD in a Taiwanese population. The possible reasons include different ethnicity with genomic differences and environmental factors in different geographical regions. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.