Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diet of Chinese Grouse (Tetrastes sewerzowi) during Preincubation

Abstract The endemic Chinese Grouse (Tetrastes sewerzowi) inhabits subalpine coniferous forests. Little is known about its diet in the breeding season, especially while birds feed on the ground. Analysis of crop contents indicated that willow (Salix spp.) was the primary food of males (>98% wet weight, n = 4), whereas Dragon spruce (Picea asperata) seeds and willow were the primary foods of females (both >40% wet weight, n = 2). Dragon spruce seeds, invertebrates (mainly ants), and forbs were frequently consumed by females, but seldom by males, possibly to meet the nutrient constraints of egg formation. We suggest the different diets of males and females of this monogamous species may be the result of females allocating more time to searching for scarce, nutritious food, whereas males spend more time in vigilance behavior.
Understanding Supporting and Hindering Factors in Community-Based Psychotherapy for Refugees: A Realist-Informed Systematic Review

Culture, tradition, structural violence, and mental health-related stigma play a major role in global mental health for refugees. Our aim was to understand what factors determine the success or failure of community-based psychotherapy for trauma-affected refugees and discuss implications for primary health care programs. Using a systematic realist-informed approach, we searched five databases from 2000 to 2018. Two reviewers independently selected RCTs for inclusion, and we contacted authors to obtain therapy training manuals. Fifteen articles and 11 training manuals met our inclusion criteria. Factors that improved symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD included providing culturally adapted care in a migrant-sensitive setting, giving a role to other clinical staff (task-shifting), and intervention intensity. Precarious asylum status, constraining program monitoring requirements, and diverse socio-cultural and gender needs within a setting may reduce the effectiveness of the program. Primary care programs may enable community based mental health care and may reduce mental health-related stigma for refugees and other migrants. More research is needed on the cultural constructs of distress, programs delivered in primary care, and the role of cultural and language interpretation services in mental health care.
New species of Diderma from Vietnam

During intensive studies of the taxonomy and ecology of myxomycetes in Cat Tien National Park (southern Vietnam), two species of Diderma (myxomycetes) were collected during surveys carried out in December 2010 and similar surveys carried out in November 2011 and 2012. These new species, D. cattiense and D. pseudotestaceum, are described and illustrated. D. cattiense resembles D. subasteroides in overall shape, colour and size of the sporocarps but has smaller spores and the ornamentation of spores and the capillitium are different. The main morphological differences between D. pseudotestaceum and D. testaceum lie in shape, colour of sporocarp, columella, spore size and ornamentation. A phylogeny based on the small ribosomal subunit (SSU) and elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1a) genes placed these new species in clades far apart from other species of Diderma.
Damselfish face climate change: Impact of temperature and habitat structure on agonistic behavior

Oceans absorb a huge part of the atmospheric heat, leading to the rise in water temperature. Reefs are among the most affected ecosystems, where the complex behavioral repertoire of fishes is usually an indicator of environmental impacts. Here, we examined whether temperature (28 and 34°C) and habitat complexity (high and low) interact to affect the agonistic behavior (mirror test) of the dusky damselfish (Stegastes fuscus), a key species in Brazilian reefs because of its gardening capacity and territorial behavior. Higher temperatures altered basal behavior in both high and low-complexity conditions. Fish kept at 28°C under the high-complexity condition were more aggressive than those at a higher temperature (34°C) and in a low-complexity condition, which also exhibited lower dispersion. Our data show that changes in behavior of coral reef fish is associated to fluctuations in environmental conditions. Thus, it is important to implement management or conservation strategies that could mitigate global change effects.
Sexual Crime Against Schoolchildren With Disabilities: A Nationwide Prospective Birth Cohort Study

Numerous studies have shown that the rate of sexual victimization against children with disabilities is higher than the rate for children without disabilities. The study focuses on examining sexual crime against children with disabilities and explaining differences in victimization to elucidate to what extent types of disability, family disadvantages, gender, high-risk behavior, and location influence adolescents’ risk of sexual victimization. Data are based on a national study of reported sexual crime against children in Denmark aged between 7 and 18 years using total birth cohorts (N = 679,683). The statistical analysis is a discrete-time Cox model. An extended list of potential risk factors was included in the analysis to adjust for confounding. The potentially confounding risk factors were collected independently from various population-based registers, for example, employment statistics, housing statistics, education statistics, income compensation benefits, and population statistics (e.g., gender, age, location). Hospital records with information on types of disability based on the national inpatient register and national psychiatric register were collected independently of the collection of law enforcement records about reported sexual offenses under the Danish Central Crime Register. Among total birth cohorts, 8,039 persons or 1.18%. were victims of a reported sexual crime once or several times. Children with intellectual disabilities were more likely to be victimized of a reported sexual crime than non-disabled children were: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), odds ratio: 3.7 (3.5–3.9); mental retardation, odds ratio: 3.8 (3.6–4.0); and autism, odds ratio: 3.8 (3.6–4.0). This contrasts with children with speech disability, stuttering, and dyslexia who were less likely to be victimized when adjusted for family vulnerability and other confounding risk factors. Intellectual disability and family vulnerability, for example, parental substance abuse, parental violence, family separation, the child in care, and parental unemployment, indicate an increased risk of being a victim of a sexual crime, while speech disability seems to be ensuring protection.
Healthcare and Welfare Policy Efficiency in 34 Developing Countries in Asia

The healthcare and welfare policies of nations, as well as the amount of investments put into these areas, vary across countries. Investments in healthcare and welfare have been increasing worldwide which brings the question of assessing the efficiency of these investments. There are, however, difficulties in evaluating the effectiveness of such investments due to differences in countries’ economic development levels and due to the differences in data definition issues. There are only a limited number of studies in the literature that employ consistent and comparable indicators across countries. This study evaluates the healthcare investment efficiency and health competitiveness efficiency of 34 developing countries in Asia using a two-stage dynamic data envelopment analysis approach. Furthermore, we employ a broader measure of indicators on national healthcare and welfare policies and outcomes, in addition to the investment data on healthcare and welfare expenditures. Our findings indicate that the establishment of an investment environment with a consolidated approach and management is an important factor that increases the efficiency of investments in healthcare and welfare sectors. A consistent delivery of the national policy strategy is also crucial for reaching the medium-and long-term targets for each country. For example, if a country establishes healthcare and welfare policies that focus on improving its indicators with low efficiencies, the output will be improved and a better return on investment will be ensured in a long-term perspective.
Biomolecule-induced carbonate genesis in abiotic formation of humic substances in nature

Most soil C sequestration research has focused on organic C stabilization, while carbonate precipitation has received little attention. Mineral colloids can accelerate abiotic humification reactions of biomolecules such as amino acids, sugars, and polyphenols, derived from the breakdown of biological residues and metabolites. During these reactions CO2 is produced as a result of the oxidation of biomolecules. However, the biomolecule-induced formation of carbonate during abiotic humification remained to be uncovered. Here we demonstrate using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and C K-edge and Mn L-edge near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy that the Maillard reaction (glucose and glycine) and the integrated polyphenol-Maillard reaction pathway (catechol, glucose and glycine), in the presence of birnessite (δ-MnO2) produce MnCO3 (rhodochrosite). Increasing the molar ratio of catechol to glucose and glycine dramatically hampered carbonate formation, which is attribut.
Assessment of variation in pear genotypes through genetic divergence and cluster analysis using D2 statistics

The genetic divergence among twenty-three pear genotypes under the present study was of medium quantum. The studied genotypes, on the basis of total variability were grouped into three distinct clusters. Maximum number of cultivars were accommodated in Cluster II (Ishiwase, Seckel, Anjou, Beurre Hardy, Lisnova Karavista, Jargonelle, Kala Hathi, Autumn of Yaklove, Kashmir Pear, Hengal, Flemish Beauty, Awal Number and Basuidse Favourite) followed by Cluster III (William Bon Chrétien, Luhimtsa Kalapa, Manning Elizabeth, Red Bartlett, Max Red Bartlett and Starkrimson) and Cluster I (Kiskusui, Yakumo, Bodde Cappiament and Nouveau Poiteau). Cluster II had highest intra cluster value and was therefore the most divergent and Cluster III had least intra cluster value so was least divergent. Highest value for inter cluster distance was recorded between Cluster I and III while it was lowest between Cluster I and II. Cluster means were maximum in Cluster II. Kala Hathi was found to be best cultivar for fruit yield/tree and tree height while Red Bartlett was for fruit length and breadth. Cultivars Beuree Hardy and Ishiwase proved best for different vegetative characters.
Clutch Frequency of the Michoacán Green Seaturtle

Abstract Observed clutch frequency (OCF) and estimated clutch frequency (ECF) values were determined for the Green Seaturtle (Chelonia mydas) population that nests at Colola beach, Michoacán, México. Mean OCF and ECF values were 2.5 and 3.1, respectively. The use of the ECF value herein reported to estimate annual number of black turtle nesting females at this rookery decreased by approximately 20% previous population estimates based on OCF values.
Genetic similarity among European winter triticale elite germplasms assessed with AFLP and comparisons with SSR and pedigree data

Genetic similarities (GS) based on molecular markers are well suited for direct exploration of relationships within a germplasm pool. The objectives of this study were to: (i) assess the genetic diversity in the European winter triticale germplasm by using AFLP markers, and (ii) compare the GS estimates of AFLP markers, simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and MALECOT's coancestry coefficient (f). A representative set of 127 European winter triticale varieties and breeding lines, previously investigated with SSR, was assessed with 10 PstI/TaqI primer combinations (PC). AFLP analysis identified 344 polymorphic fragments with an average polymorphic information content per PC of 0.25 and a marker index of 8.56. GS-values between genotypes (calculated after DICE) averaged 0.61 for AFLP and 0.43 for SSR. The mean f-value was 0.06. Dendrograms based on 'unweighted pair-group method and arithmetic average' showed no clear groupings within the triticale germplasm pool, but smaller clusters were consistently found. Both molecular marker systems were superior to the coancestry coefficient for genetic diversity assessment within the elite triticale germplasm.
Aloe vera and Honey Solution and Their Ethanolic Extraction Solution Could Act on Metastasis-Regulating Processes in Walker 256 Tumor Tissues In Vivo?

Abstract Research has shown that both Aloe vera and honey have anticancer and nutrition properties, including the inhibition of metastasis. In order to evaluate the effect of a solution of Aloe vera and honey (A) and their ethanolic fraction (F) on metastasis-regulating processes in primary tumors, Wistar rats were subcutaneously implanted with Walker 256 tumors and treated with A and F (670 µl/kg by gavage, daily for 21 days). An analysis of the primary tumor tissues of these animals showed a decrease in N-cadherin expression in groups WA and WF, with a concomitant increase in E-cadherin expression in group WA compared to the control group. Cathepsin D activity was also decreased in the tumor tissues from groups WA and WF. In addition, the number of blood vessels and their diameter significantly reduced in tumor tissues from groups WA and WF compared to those from control group. UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of the samples A and F, suggested presence of molecules with verified antitumor activity, including caffeic acid, ferulic acid, mannose, aloin A, aloin B, pinocembrin, chrysin, and kaempferol. These data showed that treatment with A and F could reduce the metastatic propensity of tumors by modulating neoangiogenesis and the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
Genetic Study in Korean Pediatric Patients with Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome or Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is one of the major causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in childhood and is mostly associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). More than 50 monogenic causes of SRNS or FSGS have been identified. Recently, the mutation detection rate in pediatric patients with SRNS has been reported to be approximately 30%. In this study, genotype-phenotype correlations in a cohort of 291 Korean pediatric patients with SRNS/FSGS were analyzed. The overall mutation detection rate was 43.6% (127 of 291 patients). WT1 was the most common causative gene (23.6%), followed by COQ6 (8.7%), NPHS1 (8.7%), NUP107 (7.1%), and COQ8B (6.3%). Mutations in COQ6, NUP107, and COQ8B were more frequently detected, and mutations in NPHS2 were less commonly detected in this cohort than in study cohorts from Western countries. The mutation detection rate was higher in patients with congenital onset, those who presented with proteinuria or chronic kidney disease/ESRD, and those who did not receive steroid treatment. Genetic diagnosis in patients with SRNS provides not only definitive diagnosis but also valuable information for decisions on treatment policy and prediction of prognosis. Therefore, further genotype-phenotype correlation studies are required.
Abundance of anammox bacteria in different wetland soils

Summary The diversity and activity of anammox bacteria has been studied in various environments, but knowledge about their abundance and population dynamics is scarce and particularly lacking for soils. A SYBR Green qPCR protocol was developed for the quantification of anammox bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies using newly designed primers. This primer set allows specific detection of all currently known anammox candidate genera including members of a new anammox cluster. Seven wetland soils were investigated and anammox bacterial 16S rRNA gene copy numbers of 4.01 × 104 to 6.74 × 106 per gram of fresh soil were detected. Anammox bacteria were also quantified along a Gleysol profile at three different sampling dates. Anammox 16S rRNA gene abundance increased significantly with soil depth and varied only little between seasons, suggesting that anammox bacteria represent a minor but stable microbial population in this soil.
Amyloid Proteins and Peripheral Neuropathy

Painful peripheral neuropathy affects millions of people worldwide. Peripheral neuropathy develops in patients with various diseases, including rare familial or acquired amyloid polyneuropathies, as well as some common diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and several chronic inflammatory diseases. Intriguingly, these diseases share a histopathological feature—deposits of amyloid-forming proteins in tissues. Amyloid-forming proteins may cause tissue dysregulation and damage, including damage to nerves, and may be a common cause of neuropathy in these, and potentially other, diseases. Here, we will discuss how amyloid proteins contribute to peripheral neuropathy by reviewing the current understanding of pathogenic mechanisms in known inherited and acquired (usually rare) amyloid neuropathies. In addition, we will discuss the potential role of amyloid proteins in peripheral neuropathy in some common diseases, which are not (yet) considered as amyloid neuropathies. We conclude that there are many similarities in the molecular and cell biological defects caused by aggregation of the various amyloid proteins in these different diseases and propose a common pathogenic pathway for “peripheral amyloid neuropathies”.
Inverse relationship of subjective daytime sleepiness to mortality in heart failure patients with sleep apnoea

Patients with sleep apnoea (SA) and heart failure (HF) are less sleepy than SA patients without HF. HF and SA both increase sympathetic nervous system activity (SNA). SNA can augment alertness. We previously showed that in HF patients, the degree of daytime sleepiness was not related to the severity of SA but was inversely related to SNA. Elevated SNA is associated with increased mortality in HF. Therefore, we hypothesized that in HF patients with SA, the degree of daytime sleepiness will be inversely related to mortality.
Levels of trace metals in soil and vegetation along major and minor roads in metropolitan city of Kaduna, Nigeria

Sample of soil and plant (Sida acuta burm F.) were collected from 30 sites of 24 roads. The samples were analyzed for Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu and Mn using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The soil physico-chemical parameter, pH and particle size distribution was also determined. Levels of Pb, Cd,Zn, Cu and Mn in soil were 15.28 – 76.92, 1.96 – 9.80, 41.66 – 237.96, 1.60 – 4.88 and 76.00 – 132.00 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Results of concentrations in plants ranged were from trace – 32.37, 4.88 – 14.93, 27.78 – 185.19, 1.67 – 3.89 and 20.00 – 110.00 mg/kg dry weight for Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu and Mn, respectively. The soil pH was from 6.22 – 8.44 while sand and loamy sandy textural classes constitute the soil samples. For both experimental soil and plant samples, the mean concentrations were found to follow the decreasing orders; Zn > Mn > Pb > Cu > Cd and Zn > Mn > Pb > Cd > Cu, respectively. Mild correlation between traffic density and metals in samples with the exception of plant Pb content, suggest that automobile emission couple with waste dispose along the roads remain a threat. The findings in general indicate the levels of metals in soil and plant samples were within the EU limits with the exception of Cd. In addition, the high level of Cd appears to reach pollution levels and metal dynamics up the food chain is highly possible.
Potential role of beavers (Castor fiber) in contamination of water in the Masurian Lake District (north-eastern Poland) with protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the possible influence of beavers on the contamination of lake water with zoonotic parasites Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. , with respect to the risk to human health. A total of 79 water samples were taken around the habitats of beavers from 14 localities situated in the recreational Masurian Lake District (north-eastern Poland). Water was sampled in the spring and autumn seasons, at different distances from beavers’ lodges (0-2, 10, 30, and 50 m). The samples were examined for the presence of (oo)cysts of zoonotic protozoa Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. by direct fluorescence assay (DFA) and by nested and real time PCR. By DFA, the presence of Giardia cysts was found in 36 samples (45.6%) and the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in 26 samples (32.9%). Numbers of Giardia cysts, Cryptosporidium oocysts, and summarised (oo)cysts of both parasites showed a significant variation depending on locality. The numbers of Giardia cysts significantly decreased with the distance from beavers’ lodges while the numbers of Cryptosporidium oocysts did not show such dependence. The amount of Giardia cysts in samples collected in spring was approximately 3 times higher than in autumn. Conversely, a larger number of Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in samples collected in autumn than in spring. By PCR, Giardia DNA was found in 38 samples (48.1%) whereas DNA of Cryptosporidium was found in only 7 samples (8.9%). Eleven Giardia isolates were subjected to phylogenetic analysis by restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR or sequencing which evidenced their belonging to zoonotic assemblages: A (3 isolates) and B (8 isolates). In conclusion, water in the vicinity of beavers’ lodges in the tested region was markedly contaminated with (oo)cysts of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. , which confirms the potential role of beavers as a reservoir of these parasites and indicates a need for implementation of appropriate preventive measures to protect tourists’ health.
Limnological and ecophysiological aspects of Aphanizomenon ovalisporum bloom in Lake Kinneret, Israel

The first appearance of Aphanizomenon ovalisporum in Lake Kinneret in August 1994 was apparently boosted by relatively high concentrations of total dissolved phosphorus (12 µg P l -1 as compared to an average of 8 µg P l -1 ). The increasing Aphanizomenon biomass in a lake in which phytoplankton are generally phosphate limited in summer and autumn was accompanied by high enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase, reaching values of 2830 nmol MU l -1 h -1 , suggesting a great demand for phosphorus. In addition, the nitrogen requirement of the developing population of Aphanizomenon was partly provided by nitrogen fixation, as indicated by a high percentage of het- erocysts. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that filtrate from an old Peridinium gatunense culture enhanced Aphanizomenon growth. Thus, it is postulated that the degradation of the massive Peridinium bloom in spring and early summer supported the development of A.ovalisporum. The high pH and alkalinity during the bloom of Aphanizomenon indicate that A.ovalisporum is probably a HCO3 - user. After 1994, akinetes of A.ovalisporum were left in sediments and the water column, and could be a source for the next year's bloom. This possibility was demonstrated by inoculation of lake water and sediments into nitrogen-depleted BG-11 medium, resulting in the dominance of A.ovalisporum.