Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding urban consumers’ food choice behavior in Ethiopia: Promoting demand for healthy foods

Using survey data collected from 996 representative households in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, this paper documents several insights to help understand urban consumer food purchasing and consumption choices. The findings can be summarized as follows: 1) We find that households face important dietary gaps; a large proportion eats insufficient amounts of nutrient-dense vegetables, animal-source foods, and fruits. 2) The consumption of ultra-processed foods increases with income and may become a pressing health concern as incomes rise. 3) From a purchasing perspective, we find that consumers buy foods for different purposes at different outlets. Nearby kiosks and informal street markets are frequented for small food items and for fruits and vegetables, while formal open markets and consumer cooperatives are used for bulky food items. 4) Respondents make food and food outlet choices based on their health and food safety concerns, but few consider the nutritional value of food when purchasing it. Concurrently, the availability of a wide variety of healthy and safe foods is highly valued by most respondents for outlet choice. Among consumers in lower income categories, they tend to make food and food outlet choices based on prices and location convenience. 5) Although nutrition is not a primary concern when making choices about food, consumers appear to have reasonable nutritional knowledge. Most respondents considered a healthy diet to be primarily plant-based. Most people are aware that they should eat more fruits and vegetables and less sugary, fatty, and salty foods, but they have limited knowledge on the nutrient content of specific foods and the causes of obesity. 6) Labelling would not be an effective way to increase nutritional knowledge; most respondents have limited understanding of the information that labels provide. Rather, most respondents trust the information provided by health professionals over other sources. In sum, these results are potentially relevant for policy and the design of future programs for improving nutritional outcomes through enhanced diets.
DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN SIERPINSKI TRIANGLE CONSTRUCTIONS

There are several methods given for constructing the Sierpinski Triangle (ST). In particular, the ST can be created as a countably infinite intersection of contained figures, or as the countably infinite union of triangles. At first glance they both appear to create the same object. In this paper, we show that they are not the same. In addition, we analyze and compare with the previous two methods, a third method of constructing the ST which entails generating a countable number of points using an algorithm.
User Interface for Mobile Applications: A Systematic Review of Design Guidelines Based on User Experience

A more pleasant and intuitive user experience (UX) can be achieved with design guidelines. In this context, we systematically reviewed the literature to identify which guidelines for the design of a mobile application interface consider UX. The search was performed in the ACM, IEEE, Science Direct, Springer, and Web of Science databases. Altogether, 2007 studies were found, of which 7 met the eligibility criteria.
Prognostic Value of Ultrasonography in Predicting Therapeutic Outcome for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome after Conservative Treatment: A Retrospective Long-term Follow-up Study

Purpose: This study aimed at investigating prognostic values of different ultrasound variables in predicting therapeutic outcome of the patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) after conservative treatment in a long-term follow-up data. Materials and Methods: One hundred and three participants with 162 affected hands were enrolled in this retrospective study. Records of baseline clinical information, nerve conduction studies (NCSs), and ultrasound assessment were retrieved. A structured telephone interview was conducted for acquiring patients' response to recovery after treatment. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of individual ultrasound variable, adjusted for age, gender, and other confounding factors. Results: Perimeter at wrist (W-P), ratio of cross-sectional area of wrist over one-third distal forearm (R-CSA), changes of CSA from wrist to the one-third distal forearm (△CSA), and changes of perimeter from wrist to one-third distal forearm (△P) were negatively and significantly associated with “improved” and “no change” categories relative to reference category (“deteriorated” category). After adjustment for age, gender, affected hand side, surgical history, and comorbidity, for one unit increase of W-P/△CSA/△P, the odds of “improved” category versus “deteriorated” category decreased by 89.1%/56%/95.2%, whereas the odds of “no change” relative to “deteriorated” category decreased by 77.8%/54.6%/84.9% should one unit increase in the correspondent individual ultrasound variable. Conclusion: Ultrasound variables can significantly predict therapeutic outcome in CTS after conservative management in a long-term follow-up. Further studies may be required to assess whether a combination of clinical, NCS, and ultrasound variables can better predict the therapeutic outcome.
Competition among host‐specific lineages of Poecilochirus carabi mites influences the extent of co‐adaptation with their Nicrophorus vespilloides burying beetle hosts

Reciprocal selection between symbiotic organisms and their hosts can generate variations in local adaptation between them. Symbionts often form species complexes with lineages partially adapted to various hosts. However, it is unclear how interactions among these lineages influences geographic variation in host-symbiont local adaptation. We addressed this shortcoming with experiments on burying beetles Nicrophorus vespilloides and their specialist phoretic mite Poecilochirus carabi in two adjacent woodlands. Burying beetles transport these mites to vertebrate carrion upon which they both reproduce. P. carabi appears to be a species complex, with distinct lineages that specialise on breeding alongside different Nicrophorus species. We found that in one wood (Gamlingay Woods), N. vespilloides carries a mixture of mite lineages, with each lineage corresponding to one of the four Nicrophorus species that inhabits this wood. However, two burying beetle species coexist in neighbouring Waresley Woods and here N. vespilloides predominantly carries the mite lineage that favours N. vespilloides. Mite lineage mixing alters the degree of local adaptation for both N. vespilloides and the P. carabi mites, affecting reproductive success variably across different woodlands. In Gamlingay, mite lineage mixing reduced N. vespilloides reproductive success, while experimentally purifying mites lineage enhanced it. The near pure lineage of vespilloides mites negligibly impacted Waresley N. vespilloides. Mite reproductive success varied with host specificity: Gamlingay mites had greatest reproductive success on Gamlingay beetles, and performed less well with Waresley beetles. By contrast, Waresley mites had consistent reproductive success, regardless of beetle’s woodland of origin. We conclude that there is some evidence that N. vespilloides and its specific mite lineage have co-adapted. However, neither N. vespilloides nor its mite lineage adapted to breed alongside other mite lineages. This, we suggest, causes variation between Waresley and Gaminglay Woods in the extent of local adaptation between N. vespilloides beetles and their P. carabi mites.
Corrective Taxation Versus Liability

Taxation and liability are compared here as means of controlling harmful externalities. It is emphasized that liability has an advantage over taxation: inefficiency of incentives arises under taxation when, as would be typical, it would be impractical for a tax to reflect all variables that significantly affect expected harm, whereas efficiency of incentives under liability does not require the state to determine expected harm - it requires only that injurers pay for harm that occurs. However, taxation enjoys an advantage over liability: incentives under liability are diluted to the degree that injurers might escape suit. The optimal joint use of taxation and liability is also examined, and it is shown in the model that is analyzed that liability should be employed fully because liability creates more efficient incentives than taxation; a tax should be used only to take up the slack due to the possibility that suit for harm would not be brought.
Does Renewable Energy Increase Growth? Evidence from EU-19 Countries

The relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth has constituted a substantial field of research. Particularly, examining the significance of causality direction between the two variables is of high significance, since it may provide valuable insights for policy-makers. In this study the causality between renewable energy consumption and economic growth was investigated for 19 EU countries by using Rolling Windows Granger Causality Test for the 1994-2015 periods. Empirical findings show that renewable energy consumption Granger caused economic growth at 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2014 years. Economic growth Granger cause renewable energy consumption at 2004, 2005 and 2007 years. As can be understood from the results, the direction of the causality relationship between variables changes in different time periods. Empirical results have important policy implications for EU-19 Countries.
Germination capability of four charophyte populations (Characeae) from Mediterranean brackish ponds under warm experimental conditions

ABSTRACT The diaspore banks from two brackish ponds within the Albufera de València Natural Park (Spain) containing oospores of Chara hispida, C. aspera, C. canescens and Nitella hyalina were analysed and their germination capability studied under controlled temperature conditions. The top layer of sediment from each meadow was collected and sequentially sieved to isolate the charophyte oospores, subsequently identified and counted under the microscope. The density of apparently viable fructifications varied largely within the studied ponds and within specific meadows. In general, but not always, the most abundant oospores belonged to the species forming the meadow. An additional set of surficial sediment samples were collected to perform germination trials in an indoor culture room under three temperature treatments (21, 25 and 29°C). For each species, 219–272 fructifications were allocated inside small perforated packages that were placed in Petri dishes (n = 3) and submerged for 40 days in plastic containers. Germination rates were low for the four species in all temperatures (0–7%), with no large differences detected amongst treatments. C. aspera was the first species to germinate and the one with the most germlings. Higher temperatures negatively affected its germination; the same trend was shown by C. canescens. Dense oospore banks and low germination rates have been previously described for charophytes from temporary habitats. However, it seems that the recovery of charophyte meadows after droughts will be hindered by a warmer climate. Further studies concerning the optimal conditions for germination are needed to understand the future capability of charophyte meadows to re-establish in Mediterranean ecosystems.
Inferring global species richness from megatransect data and undetected species estimates

Ratio-like approaches for estimating global species richness have been criticised for their unjustified extrapolation from regional to global patterns. Here we explore the use of cumulative percentages of ‘new’ (i.e., not formally described) species over large geographic areas (‘megatransects’) as a means to overcome this problem. In addition, we take into account undetected species and illustrate these combined methods by applying them to a family of spiders (Pholcidae) that currently contains some 1,700 described species. The raw global cumulative percentage of new species (‘new’ as of the end of 2008, when 1,001 species were formally described) is 75.1%, and is relatively constant across large biogeographic regions. Undetected species are estimated using the Chao2 estimator based on species incidence data (date by species and locality by species matrices). The estimated percentage of new species based on the date by species matrices is 76.0% with an estimated standard error (s.e.) of 2.6%. This leads to an estimated global species richness of about 4,200 with a 95% confidence interval of (3,300, 5,000). The corresponding values based on locality by species matrices are 84.2% (s.e. 3.0%) and 6,300 with a 95% confidence interval of (4,000, 8,600). Our results suggest that the currently known 1,700 species of Pholcidae may represent no more than about 25–40% of the total species richness. The impact of further biasing factors like geography, species size and distribution, cryptic species, and model assumptions needs to be explored.
Using Q Methodology in Nursing Education Research: A Case Study.

AQmethodology is a research technique, conceptual framework, and set of procedures used to study different points of view. Stephenson introduced Q methodology in the mid-1930s as an alternative to the popular statistical technique, factor analysis, by Spearman. Factor analysis, also called R methodology, is amethod to reveal patterns of association between a series of measured variables such as comparing different individuals based on specific psychological traits or characteristics. Whereas a traditional factor analysis involves finding correlations between variables across a sample of subjects, Q methodology examines individuals' points of view about a specific topic under investigation. A well-delivered Qmethodology provides the key viewpoints among a group of participants and allows those viewpoints to be understood holistically. This article describes the use of Q methodology for nursing education research. A case study is provided to exemplify the steps necessary to successfully carry out a research study that uses Q methodology.
Non-replication of functional connectivity differences in ASD: a multi-site study

A large and rapidly growing number of studies on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have used resting-state fMRI to identify various alterations of functional connectivity (FC), with the hope of identifying clinically useful biomarkers or neural mechanisms underlying ASD. However, results have been largely inconsistent across studies, and there is therefore a pressing need to determine the primary factors influencing this lack of replicability. Here, we used resting-state (rs-fMRI) data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE-I and II) to investigate two factors thought to strongly influence replicability: the use of different denoising methods (i.e., data preprocessing) and data site (which differ in terms of sample, data acquisition parameters, etc.). Using four independently acquired datasets and 31 different denoising strategies, we examined the replicability of patterns of both group-averaged functional connectomes and group-level differences (i.e., ASD vs. control). Within datasets, both group-averages and group-comparisons of functional connectomes were highly consistent (r = 0.92 ±0.06 / r = 0.80±0.09) across different pipelines, with the largest differences across pipelines reflecting whether global signal regression (GSR) was used. However, across datasets, while group-averages were still highly consistent (r = 0.86±0.02), group differences did not replicate, regardless of denoising strategy: indeed, consistency of group differences was so low (r = 0.09±0.05) that differences identified in one dataset had essentially no relationship with those in other datasets. Across-site similarity remained low even when considering the data at the network (as opposed to edge) level. Because there are a number of additional methodological factors that can influence the reliable detection of group differences (e.g., scanner-related differences, subject differences, post-processing analysis, effect sizes of ASD alterations, amount and quality of data), these results cannot completely rule out the existence of replicable resting-state FC differences in ASD. However, they do highlight the importance of examining replicability in future studies of ASD, and, more generally, call for extra caution when describing and interpreting alterations in functional connectivity across groups of individuals.
The Overall and Gendered Effects of Postrelease Supervision on Recidivism: A Propensity Score Analysis

Although research recognizes gender differences in offending and interactions with the criminal justice system, few studies have explored the role of gender in the relationship between postrelease supervision and recidivism. Building on feminist criminological research, this study uses a feminist pathways theoretical framework to investigate the overall and gendered effects of postrelease supervision on multiple measures of recidivism. Using a large sample of offenders released from prisons in Florida (N = 141,338) and propensity score matching techniques, this study uncovers that postrelease supervision is associated with a very small (4% to 4.5%) reduction in recidivism. Moreover, the effect sizes from the analyses also indicate that postrelease supervision plays a greater role in reducing recidivism among men, but the effects for women are much smaller. Based on this study’s findings, policymakers should consider the importance of gender in designing appropriate programming in prison and developing postrelease techniques in reducing recidivism.
Insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion in human glioblastoma

Background/Aims: Recently, the insulin-like growth factor mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) has been reported to be involved in tumorigenesis. We aimed to study the expression and role of IMP3 in human glioblastoma. Methods: We analyzed the expression of IMP3 in 70 cases of glioma tissues, normal brain tissues and 5 kinds of cell lines using western blot. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate the expression and distribution of IMP3 in glioma tissues. Colony formation, wound healing, migration and invasion assays and tumorigenesis in nude mice were used to explore the function of IMP3 in vitro and in vivo. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related biomarkers were detected by western blot. Results: We found that the expression level of IMP3 was obviously higher in glioma tissues than that in normal brain tissues, and associated with glioma grade. In-vitro assays revealed that IMP3 overexpression significantly induced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Mechanically, IMP3 over-expression downregulated the expression of E-cadherin, but upregulated the expressions of N-cadherin, vimentin, snail, slug and MMP9. However, the inhibition of IMP3 impaired these oncogenic effects. In vivo assay also demonstrated that silencing of IMP3 inhibited tumor growth and improved survival of tumor-bearing xenograft nude mice. Conclusion: IMP3 can promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion by inducing EMT in glioblastoma. Thus, targeting IMP3 pathway may be a novel way to treat patients with glioblastoma.
Clustering Autism Cases on Social Functioning

Autism is a highly heterogeneous disorder with wide variability in social functioning. Many diagnostic and neuropsychological tests exist which assess social functioning, but thus far few attempts have been made to classify distinct social phenotypes in autism, thereby reducing phenotypic heterogeneity and improving efforts to identify candidate genes. In this project we will use clustering procedures to stratify social phenotypes based on social functioning data available in the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) dataset. The next stage in the analysis would be to determine whether candidate genes involved in social functioning are associated with distinct social phenotypes.
The Relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance: Exploring the Moderating Role of Supply Chain Management in SME Sector of Iraq

The primary objective of this paper is to examine and explore the relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance in small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) with the moderating role of supply chain management style. The role and importance of SMEs in the overall economic development and employment generation has been an area of great interest for researchers and policy makers. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). It is noted that a positive relationship among Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Performance is persisting. Furthermore, supply chain management plays an important moderating role in this framework. This study focus on SME’s working in Iraq and provides guidelines for policy makers to consider the importance of supply chain management development for SME’s performance.
A holistic framework for participatory conservation approaches

ABSTRACT Organizations seeking better methods for conservation have attempted to use participatory processes to fulfill human and ecological/environmental goals. As a result, the academic literature is filled with examples of community-level approaches to conservation. While such case studies are highly valuable, much of this literature has placed a strong emphasis on the institutional conditions surrounding successful participatory practices. Here, we seek to complement the participatory conservation literature with the community participation literature, which has tended to follow an actor-centered (e.g., residents) approach to successful participatory practices. By merging these two literatures, our goal is to offer a holistic framework that accounts for a more comprehensive understanding of the different forms and benefits of participation. We hope this framework will serve as a tool for field practitioners to implement the most effective action plans resulting in greater future successes.
COMPARISON OF REGENERATED CELLULOSE MEMBRANE COAGULATED IN SULPHATE BASED COAGULANT

Regenerated cellulose properties can be altered and manipulated by various methods and procedures. Coagulation steps in cellulose regeneration process is one of the most crucial step in determining the final properties of the regenerated cellulose products. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different type of coagulant on the properties of regenerated cellulose membranes (RCM). Hence, the coagulation mechanism will be highlighted and postulated. Cellulose from cotton linter was dissolved in NaOH/ urea via precooled method to form cellulose solution and coagulated in three types of coagulant which were distilled water, 5 wt% H2SO4 and 5 wt% (NH4)2SO4 which lead to the formation of RCM. The RCM were air dried and characterized for their physical, mechanical and chemical properties by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Results showed that RCM coagulated in distilled water has the highest tensile strength and crystallinity index but showed the lowest value for the elongation at break. Meanwhile, the RCM coagulated in 5 wt% (NH4)2SO4 has the lowest tensile strength and crystallinity index but had the highest value of the elongation at break. From these results, the crystallinity of RCM has affected the elongation at break for all sample. RCM with higher crystallinity have lower elongation at break compared to the one with higher crystallinity. The RCM coagulated in 5 wt% H2SO4 has intermediate results for all tensile strength, elongation at break and crystallinity compared to those coagulated in distilled water and 5 wt% (NH4)2SO4. v.25 n.1 2019