Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variation in hierarchical guild structure between two bird assemblages of a wetland in the Mexican Pacific

Neotropical wetlands comprise contrasting habitats with highly diverse avifauna, including herbivores, insectivores and carnivores, of both terrestrial and aquatic species. Therefore, comparisons between wetland bird assemblages based only on species identity may disregard turnover within ecological groups, and eclipse important variations between habitat types. We studied bird assemblages from mangrove and estuary habitat types from a coastal lagoon system in Oaxaca, Mexico. For this, we used 640 point counts to obtain data on bird species using those habitats between October 2009 and May 2012. We ascertained guild structure by classifying 139 species in a scalar hierarchy of two-levels: 17 key-resource guilds nested within seven trophic guilds. To evaluate variation in guild structure between habitat types, we contrasted richness and diversity across trophic guilds and tested for variation in abundance within key-resource guilds. We exposed a tendency of greater diversity within terrestrial guilds in mangrove and within aquatic guilds at the estuary. However, these differences were compensatory and neither richness nor diversity varied between habitat types in comparisons across the sets of trophic guilds. Parallel analyses at two hierarchical levels supported the theoretical prediction of greater change at lower levels. Herpetofauna, wood invertebrates, aquatic invertebrates and seeds emerged as dietary components that may explain the distribution of abundance in key-resource guilds. Although the guilds from mangrove and estuary produced comparable sets of richness and diversity values, the actual identity of guilds with high values varied between habitats. On the other hand, species abundance comparisons within guilds pinpointed specific associations with habitat types and this method represents a suitable strategy for identifying habitat preferences in complex wetland bird assemblages.
INFLUENCE OF ADDITIONAL CHEMICAL COMPONENTS ON MACHINING PROPERTIES OF SELECTED ALUMINIUM-SILICON ALLOY

Al-Si alloys are the leading casting alloys based on aluminium. Machining of aluminium alloys is currently frequently used and it is an important area of production. The paper deals with an experiment that was conducted at the Faculty of Production Technology and Management, University of Jan Evangelista Purkynin Usti nad Labem, where alloy AlSi7Mg0.3 was machined. The samples were made for processing from the master alloy AlSi7Mg0.3, subsequently unmodified and modified by Sr, Ca and Sb and inoculated by Ti. This paper describes the evaluation of tool wear and chip formation after machining of the prepared cast in the terms how modification by Sr, Ca and Sb and inoculation by Ti may affect these values. It was therefore master alloy AlSi7Mg0.3 without modification, further master alloy AlSi7Mg0.3 subsequently modified with 0.04 % Sr of the cast wt. proportion, master alloy AlSi7Mg0.3 subsequently modified with 0.05 % Ca of the cast wt. proportion and master alloy AlSi7Mg0.3 subsequently modified with 0.05 % Sn of the cast wt. proportion ( �SN EN 1769), and it was made of five kinds of alloys AlSi7Mg0.3, where the individual casts have different resultant percentage titanium content (by weight of Ti - 0 % Ti, 0.05 % Ti, 0.1 % Ti, 0.15 % Ti, 0.2 % Ti). The casts of these alloys were subsequently cut, then the tool wear was evaluated and microscopic evaluation of the structure of individual samples was performed, and the hardness of the resulting alloys measured. The input sample for machining dimensions was of 220 mm length and 60 mm diameter.
Optical networks upgrade by means of wavelength routing techniques

Nowadays, Wavelength-Routed Optical Networks (WRONs) are considered as a good option for the implementation of transport networks. In WRONs, totally optical data channels (lightpaths) are established between pairs of nodes, even if they are not directly joined by means of a fiber link. In general they are multihop networks, that is, there is not a lightpath joining every possible pair of nodes. Hence, some data will traverse through different lightpaths until they get to their final destination. Since arbitrary optical links are established, it is possible to embed a logical topology into the physical one. In this paper, we present design methods for WRONs, as well as an example of network upgrade and a comparison with traditional network upgrade techniques.
Aerosol control on depth of warm rain in convective clouds

[1] Aircraft measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and microphysics of clouds at various altitudes were conducted over India during CAIPEEX (Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment) phase I and II in 2009 and 2010 respectively. As expected, greater CCN concentrations gave rise to clouds with smaller drops with greater number concentrations (Nc). The cloud drop effective radius (re) increased with distance above cloud base (D). Warm rain became detectable, i.e., rain water content >0.01 g/Kg, at the tops of growing convective clouds when re exceeded 12 μm. The re is determined by the number of activated CCN, Nad, and D. The Nad can be approximated by the maximum measured values of Nc. Higher Nc resulted in greater D for reaching the re threshold for onset of warm rain, re*, denoted as D*. In extreme cases of highly polluted and moist air that formed the monsoon clouds over the Indo-Gangetic plains, D* exceeded 6 km, well above the 0°C isotherm level. The precipitation particles were initiated there as supercooled raindrops at a temperature of −8°C. Giant CCN reduced re* and D*, by initiating raindrops closer to cloud base. This effect was found mainly in dusty air masses over the Arabian Sea. Besides, the aerosol effect on D*, D* was found to decrease with increase in cloud water path.
The Influence of Reciprocity on Individual Decisions in An Experiment

This study investigates the effect of reciprocal kindness on individual decisions with experimental evidences. The literature suggested that the coalition formation could be enlarged by altruism. This study employs the reciprocity model to illustrate the reciprocal behavior in both dictator and public goods games. We found that an altruistic participant in the dictator game could be hostile to others in the public good game due to the negative reciprocal feeling. When subjects were essential to make contributions to public goods, they were more likely to cooperate if they were treated badly. In contrast, when subjects were unnecessary, the reciprocal kindness could enhance cooperative tendencies. Overall, this study reveals that the reciprocal behavior could reshape the provision of public goods.
BigGIS With Hadoop in MapReduce Environment

BigGIS is a new product that resulted from developing GIS in the “Big Data” area, which is used in storing and processing big geographical data and helps in solving its issues. This chapter describes an optimized Big GIS framework in Map Reduce Environment M2BG. The suggested framework has been integrated into Map Reduce Environment in order to solve the storage issues and get the benefit of the Hadoop environment. M2BG include two steps: Big GIS warehouse and Big GIS Map Reduce. The first step contains three main layers: Data Source and Storage Layer (DSSL), Data Processing Layer (DPL), and Data Analysis Layer (DAL). The second layer is responsible for clustering using swarms as inputs for the Hadoop phase. Then it is scheduled in the mapping part with the use of a preempted priority scheduling algorithm; some data types are classified as critical and some others are ordinary data type; the reduce part used, merge sort algorithm M2BG, should solve security and be implemented with real data in the simulated environment and later in the real world.
Assessment of genetic diversity in grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf) cultivars using physico- chemical parameters and microsatellite markers

Microsatellite markers and physico-chemical parameters were used to investigate whether variants of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf) were originated genetically or they showed different behaviour due to the environmental factors. Twelve plantlets (6 varieties, 2 replicates and 4 variants) were chosen from grapefruit evaluation block of Fruits and Horticultural Technology Division, IARI, New Delhi. Important parameters like, maximum fruit weight (530.77g), fruit length (95.11mm), seeds/fruit (48.33), peel thickness (7.11mm) and acidity (1.10%) were observed in the Star Ruby. Whereas variables like, minimum fruit weight (304.10g), fruit diameter (83.11mm) and seeds/fruit (1) were observed in the Redblush. Out of 25 screened primers (ISSR and SSR), 23 primers exhibited clear, reproducible bands. A total of 50 out of 334 distinct bands were found polymorphic with an average of 23.85 bands per primer. The mean polymorphism information content (PIC) was found to be 0.248. Genetic similarity value among the grapefruit cultivars was 0.97 and among the variants it was 0.95. These values provided a clear indication that there was a low level of variation in the grapefruit. This study revealed that variants bear more similarity with Marsh Seedless and Redblush. Cluster analysis of two groups namely (1) seeded and (2) seedless, showed the good correlation between physico-chemical parameters and genetic data.
Labor earnings and Psychological well-being: An Empirical Analysis

The starting point of this paper is the idea that individuals are characterized by hierarchical behavior. The theory of hierarchical needs implies that individuals have a priority approach to psychological well-being. This means that the most important needs must be satisfied first before the secondary needs come into the picture. The theory can also offer additional insights to the research field which investigates the relationship between labor earnings and psychological well-being levels. The paper uses the 5th European Working Conditions Survey (2010) which contains data from 33 European countries and Turkey. In the proposed models, psychological well-being and work related stress are placed as the dependent variables and labor earnings as the independent variable. The ordinary least squares (OLS) and ordered logistic regressions are the main statistical tools of the work. The empirical results indicate that there is a strong positive relationship between labor earnings and psychological well-being for low paid group, and a non-significant relationship between labor earnings and psychological well-being for well paid group. This result supports the presence of hierarchical behaviour. In addition, the labor earnings for low paid group show an insignificant effect on employees’ work related stress, while a highly significant positive effect on the work related stress of well-paid group is implied, hilighting the stress of higher status hypothesis. The models also contains personal variables such as gender, age, educational level, type of occupation, working hours per week, country dummy variables and employment status. The relationship of these variables to psychological well-being and work-related stress levels is also examined. Finally, there is a comparison of the empirical findings to results in the relevant literature.
Carbon isotope discrimination and differential drought tolerance in eucalypt clones

Water stress is the main constraint to Eucalyptus growth in the Brazilian cerrado a savannah type of vegetation. A strategy to overcome this constraint is the use of drought tolerance genotypes, with higher water use efficiency (WUE). WUE has been linked to isotopic discrimination of 13C (δ13C) which may reflect the time-integrated tree responses to drought stress during its lifespan. The relationship between δ13C and water stress tolerance of two contrasting Eucalyptus clones cultivated in the cerrado region was investigated. Sites with four-year-old trees of a drought-sensitive and a drought-tolerant clone, planted in a 3 x 3 m spacing, in two regions of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, were sampled in 2007 in the end of an extreme dry season. Leaf water potentials (Ψwf) and δ13C were determined for both clones in both regions. Two years later, in the same location, assessments of survival rates and stem volumes of dead and living trees were performed in plots with 3x3 m (the original spacing), 3x4 m and 4x6 m in one region, and 3x3 m, 3x6 m and 4x6 m in the other region. The drought-tolerant clone showed a slightly lower δ13C (-26.3 ‰ versus -27.4 ‰) and Ψwf (-1.7 MPa versus -1.3 MPa) than the sensitive one. The tolerant clone also had a higher survival rate and yield. The results suggest that the use of δ13C as an indicator of drought tolerance for Eucalypt clones requires a better understanding of the underlying processes that control its expression and how the different traits can affect its expression.
Pig growth is affected by social genetic effects and social litter effects that depend on group size

Social genetic variation in average daily gain was found in pigs in recent studies (Arango, J., I. Misztal, S. Tsuruta, et al. 2005; Bergsma, R., E. Kanis, E. F. Knol, et al. 2008; Chen, C. Y., S. D. Kachman, R. K. Johnson, et al. 2008; Chen, C.Y., Johnson, R.K., Newman, S., et al. 2009). We formulated two hypothesis: a/ apart from genetic influences, the litter environment may partly shape social effects; b/ group size may affect the magnitude of social effects which may be smaller in larger groups because the influences of pigs on the growth of their group members are distributed (diluted) over more recipients than in smaller groups. Our objectives were to estimate the genetic parameters for growth with social litter effects and social genetic effects, accounting or not for the impact of group size on social effects.
Poverty and socioeconomic injustice in Muslim geographies

This chapter critiques the extant literature’s lack of attention to poverty and socioeconomic injustice in Muslim geographies and offers a research agenda to critically examine these phenomena in the context of Islamic consumptionscapes. The authors locate the recent interest in understanding the connections between Islam, consumption and markets within the neoliberal political economy and argue that the subject of the existing research has mostly been the relatively wealthy, educated and urban Muslim consumers. Noting that a significant portion of Muslim geographies are characterized by poverty, underdevelopment and socioeconomic inequality, the authors advocate a critical research perspective on poor Muslim consumers.
CONTROL DESIGN OF STATCOM USING FIVE LEVEL NEUTRAL POINT CLAMPED CONVERTER AND ITS APPLICATION TO REACTIVE POWER

This paper deals with multilevel neutral point clamped (NPC) converter voltage source inverter applied as STATCOM. The proposed control with space vector modulation (SVM) switching and decoupled current control with IP controllers have been tested to prove the advantages of the proposed control. The effectiveness and validity of the controller system is supported by computer simulation. Simulation results obtained confirm that the controller has a very good performance, allowing compensation of capacitive or inductive. The simulation of the proposed system is developed using MATLAB, Simulink. Benefits of reactive power compensation are well known: increased stability, increased transmission capacity over existing lines, better voltage profile and decreased losses. The management of reactive power by traditional means has its drawbacks, depending on compensation technique used. These include a possibility of resonance, slow response, introduction of harmonics, rotational instability or management of reactive power which can be done only in discrete steps. Moreover, if capacitor banks are used (with or without thyristors), they occupy a considerable amount of real estate. The new generation of static compensator based on multilevel inverters have become an effective and practical solution for increasing power and reducing harmonics of ac waveforms. They are used for driving highpower medium-voltage induction motors and var compensation in flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS). The main advantages of multilevel PWM inverters are the following:
Informal Advocacy as a Way to Deep Learning: Brief Survey of Two Undergraduate Classroom Activities

To enhance engagement and deepen learning in undergraduate courses that focus on adult development and aging, two informal advocacy classroom activities were created and surveyed. The surveys were brief empirical assessments of ProblemBased Learning (PBL) activities and contained closedand open-ended questions. This study investigated a PBL activity that addressed public policy and health care issues encountered by older adults and their families and required students to create a detailed advocacy position supporting either the perspective of college students and young adults, or of a special group of older adults (e.g., cognitively impaired or chronically ill). Results suggested that in comparison to the advocacy perspective of young adults, adopting the advocacy perspective of older adults significantly moderated survey ratings of awareness, insight, and gaining of knowledge, and led to deeper learning. Comprehension and understanding of subject matter have long been the primary educational goals of undergraduate courses in adult development and aging (cf. Tompkins & Rosen, 2007). One Problem-Based Learning (PBL) teaching strategy suggested to significantly broaden comprehension and deepen understanding is informal advocacy (cf. Beacham & Shambaugh, 2007; Massengale, Childers-McKee, & Benovides, 2014; Spacks, 1996). Conceptually, informal advocacy may be defined as expressing concern and care, or by taking very practical actions to meet the everyday needs of a family member or friend (Bigby, 1997; Petronio, Sargent, Andea, Reganis, & Cichocki, 2004). While lacking the legal authority to act on behalf of a person or group of people as found in formal advocacy, informal advocacy characteristically involves the provision of social support (e.g., social contact, moral support, and practical assistance) as well as the casual backing and promotion of special interests of an individual or a group. In a practical way, these latter aspects of informal advocacy extend into the undergraduate classroom and may be used as a technique to promote student engagement and broaden learning experience. Indeed, when considering the curricula needs of undergraduate courses that include gerontological topics (e.g., Gilje, Lacey, & Moore, 2007; Kropf, Schneider, & Stahlman, 1993; Tompkins & Rosen, 2007), realizing ways in which students may be effectively engaged in the classroom (e.g., Kivunja, 2015; Trilling & Fadel, 2009) and how awareness and understanding may be enhanced through advocacy (e.g., Asterhan & Schwarz, 2016; Beacham & Shambaugh, 2007; Burant & Rios, 2010; Rios, Trent, & Castaneda, 2004) arise as important pedagogical questions to address. Thus, this research explores how PBL activities incorporating informal advocacy may enhance and deepen learning in
Experimental Study of Mixed Gas Hydrates from Gas Feed Containing CH4, CO2 and N2: Phase Equilibrium in the Presence of Excess Water and Gas Exchange

This article presents gas hydrate experimental measurements for mixtures containing methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2) with the aim to better understand the impact of water (H2O) on the phase equilibrium. Some of these phase equilibrium experiments were carried out with a very high water-to-gas ratio that shifts the gas hydrate dissociation points to higher pressures. This is due to the significantly different solubilities of the different guest molecules in liquid H2O. A second experiment focused on CH4-CO2 exchange between the hydrate and the vapor phases at moderate pressures. The results show a high retention of CO2 in the gas hydrate phase with small pressure variations within the first hours. However, for our system containing 10.2 g of H2O full conversion of the CH4 hydrate grains to CO2 hydrate is estimated to require 40 days. This delay is attributed to the shrinking core effect, where initially an outer layer of CO2-rich hydrate is formed that effectively slows down the further gas exchange between the vapor phase and the inner core of the CH4-rich hydrate grain.
Rescheduling of interacting machines in automated container terminals

Abstract The current scheduling scheme of container terminals is typically determined offline. This may result in delays of the complete operation, when disturbances (e.g., the operation delays or the breakdown of a machine) appear. This paper provides a method for rescheduling interacting machines in automated container terminals. The rescheduling is carried out using the current state measurements of the machines. These measurements are used to update the processing time of ongoing operations. The effect of rescheduling on both a time-efficient schedule and for an energy-efficient schedule is illustrated in a simulation study. The delay in the container handling system is reduced both for the time-efficient schedule and the energy-efficient schedule. A simulation study illustrates that the energy-efficient schedule is more sensitive to disturbances due to delays of machines than the time-efficient schedule.
Relationship Between Isolating Multi-Drug Resistant A. Baumannii and K. Pneumoniae in Bronchial Aspirate and Subsequently in Blood Cultures: Evaluation of Colistin Aerosol Therapy in Intensive Care Patients

Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) are multiresistant pathogens most frequently found in patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care of our hospital. We found the highest rate of positivity in the bronchial aspirates, often followed by a similar observation in blood culture. We carried out a study to evaluate the reduction of sepsis that developed after the detection of these microorganisms in bronchial aspirate, following the introduction of treatment with colistin aerosol in combination with conventional therapy. From 2012 to the first half of 2014, 533 patients were admitted to the ICU of our hospital. Since May 2013, colistin was administered by aerosol along with conventional therapy. In 43 (78.1%) cases K. pneumoniae KPC was isolated from bronchial aspirate and in 30 (54.5%) from blood culture; MDR A. baumannii was isolated in 89 (96.7%) cases of bronchial aspirate and 45 (48.9%) from blood culture. From patients treated with added colistin aerosol, K. pneumoniae KPC was isolated from bronchial aspirates in 15 cases and in 4 (26.7%) of those was found sepsis. MDR A. baumannii was isolated from bronchial aspirate in 41 cases, and in 10 (24.4%) it developed sepsis due to the same germ. The patients admitted to intensive care for more than 7 days were positive for MDR A. baumannii and MDR K. pneumoniae in bronchial aspirates and subsequent relief of blood culture. The treatment with colistin aerosol resulted in a reduction of the spread of microorganisms from the lower respiratory tract to the blood.
Quality evaluation of software architecture with application to OpenH.323 protocol

The requirements towards software systems usually go beyond the correct functionality, the presence of certain quality demands are also very essential for the systems' acceptance by the stakeholders. So quality control and management must be carried out through the whole development process to ensure the implementation of required quality characteristics. This thesis focuses on the quality control of the software architecture. Several approaches for evaluating the architecture are presented. Furthermore the OpenH.323 protocol architecture is evaluated in a case study. That software architecture is evaluated with two approaches: Architecture Trade-O Analysis Methode (ATAM) and architectural metrics.