Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cell surface-expressed moesin-like HDL/apoA-I binding protein promotes cholesterol efflux from human macrophages Published, JLR Papers in Press, October 26, 2005.

HDL and its major component, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), play a central role in reverse cholesterol transport. We recently reported the involvement of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI anchor) in the binding of HDL and apoA-I on human macrophages, and purified an 80 kDa HDL/apoA-I binding protein. In the present study, we characterized the GPI-anchored HDL/apoA-I binding protein from macrophages. The HDL/apoA-I binding protein was purified from macrophages and digested with endopeptidase, and the resultant fragments were sequenced. Cholesterol efflux, flow cytometry, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to characterize the HDL/apoA-I binding protein. Two parts of seven amino acid sequences completely matched those of moesin. Flow cytometry, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry using anti-moesin antibody showed that the HDL/apoA-I binding protein was N-glycosylated and expressed on the cell surface. It was termed moesin-like protein. Treatment of macrophages with anti-moesin antibody blocked the binding of HDL/apoA-I and suppressed cholesterol efflux. The moesin-like protein was exclusively expressed on macrophages and was upregulated by cholesterol loading and cell differentiation. Our results indicate that the moesin-like HDL/apoA-I binding protein is specifically expressed on the surface of human macrophages and promotes cholesterol efflux from macrophages. —Matsuyama, A, N. Sakai, H. Hiraoka, K-i. Hirano, and S. Yamashita. Cell surface-expressed moesin-like HDL/apoA-I binding protein promotes cholesterol efflux from human macrophages.
Genetic influences on mild mental retardation: concepts, findings and research implications

It has long been known that mild mental retardation (meaning that associated with an IQ in the 50–69 range) shows a strong tendency to run in families and that there is a much increased recurrence risk if either a parent or a sib has mental retardation. For example, Reed & Reed (1965) found that, having had one retarded child, the chance of a further retarded child was 6% if both parents and their sibs were ‘normal’, 13% if both parents were normal but one had a retarded sib, 20% if one parent was retarded, and 42% if both were retarded. A somewhat similar gradient was found in the more recent study by Bundey, Thake & Todd (1989). The appreciation that mild mental retardation was so strongly familial had led Lewis (1933) some years earlier to refer to it as ’subcultural‘ (meaning that it was a normal variation), in order to differentiate it from severe mental retardation, which was viewed as ‘pathological’. Penrose (1938, 1963) made the same classificatory distinction and the utility of a two-group approach became generally accepted (Burack, 1990).
Crabwise ZnO Nanowire UV Photodetector Prepared on ZnO : Ga/Glass Template

Vertical well-aligned and crabwise ZnO nanowires were prepared on patterned ZnO:Ga/glass substrates by reactive evaporation method under different growth conditions. The average length and diameter of vertical well-aligned ZnO nanowires were around 1 mum and 50-100 nm, respectively. In contrast, the average length and diameter of crabwise ZnO nanowires were around 5 mum and 30 nm, respectively. Upon illumination with UV light (lambda = 362 nm), it was found that measured responsivities were 0.015 and 0.03 A/W for the crabwise ZnO nanowire photodetector biased at 10 and 15 V, respectively. Furthermore, a rejection ratio of approximately 10 was obtained for the crabwise ZnO nanowire photodetector with an applied bias of 10 V.
Prostate cancer: accurate determination of extracapsular extension with high-spatial-resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced and T2-weighted MR imaging--initial results.

PURPOSE To prospectively compare the sensitivity and specificity of high-spatial-resolution dynamic contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with those of high-spatial-resolution T2-weighted MR imaging, performed with an endorectal coil (ERC), for assessment of extracapsular extension (ECE) and staging in patients with prostate cancer, with histopathologic findings as reference. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was approved by the institutional internal review board; a signed informed consent was obtained. MR imaging of the prostate at 1.5 T was performed with combined surface coils and ERCs in 32 patients (mean age, 65 years; range, 42-78 years) before radical prostatectomy. High-spatial-resolution T2-weighted fast spin-echo and high-spatial-resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced three-dimensional gradient-echo images were acquired with gadopentetate dimeglumine. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR images were analyzed with a computer-generated color-coded scheme. Two experienced readers independently assessed ECE and tumor stage. MR imaging-based staging results were compared with histopathologic results. For the prediction of ECE, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. Staging accuracy was determined with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) by using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney index of diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS The mean sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for assessment of ECE with the combined data sets for both readers were 86%, 95%, 90%, and 93%, respectively. The sensitivity of MR images for determination of ECE was significantly improved for both readers (>25%) with combined data sets compared with T2-weighted MR images alone. The combined data sets had a mean overall staging accuracy for both readers of 95%, as determined with AUC. Staging results for both readers were significantly improved (P<.05) with the combined data sets compared with T2-weighted MR images alone. CONCLUSION The combination of high-spatial-resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging and T2-weighted MR imaging yields improved assessment of ECE and better results for prostate cancer staging compared with either technique independently.
Genetic diversity of color phenotypes in the koi (Cyprinus carpio L.) as identified by molecular markers

The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) has a large variety of strains. The more popular are the koi (Japanese ornamental carp), which are still bred today to generate creative colors and patterns, giving rise to multiple phenotypes. Since koi are in great demand, there is a challenge to determine the genetics defining their quality. Two methods: 1) direct sequencing of five candidate gene regions, i.e., mitochondrial (cytochrome b, 12S gene and the D-loop) and nuclear (red sensitive opsin and Rag-1) loci, to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)s and 2) random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), were used to differentiate among four koi strains (Kohaku, Sanke, Ghost and Ohgon) and the common carp. Novel SNPs, distinguishing between koi and the common carp, were revealed in cytochrome b, the D-loop and in the red sensitive opsin; one was a missense mutation in cytochrome b at position 15860, in which threonine in the common carp became alanine in all koi strains examined. The Kohaku strain was found to have two alleles in the mitochondrial fragments, forming two different haplotypes (subpo-pulations). These novel SNPs distinguished between koi strains and the common carp, and the RAPD method enabled further differentiation among the four koi strains.
1 Type-Safe Multithreaded Programming with Priorities

Many multithreaded programs are naturally interactive and use priorities to ensure responsiveness. Programming with priorities, however, is challenging because existing techniques using a fixed set of priorities do not suffice to express rich priority relations and the lack of language support for the correct usage of priorities can lead to delays due to priority inversion. In this paper, we take an important step toward providing language support for multithreaded programming with priorities. We consider a language that provides the classic spawn-sync (a.k.a., fork-join) interface for threads and that allows the programmer to define priorities and their relationship by defining a partial order relation between them. We then equip the language with a modal type system analogous to S4 modal logic, where the accessibility relation between worlds is assumed to be symmetric and transitive. The type system ensures that priorities are used correctly without priority inversions, thus precluding a whole class of important run-time problems statically. We show that our proposed techniques are realistic by extending the Standard ML language with the necessary primitives to support multithreading and priorities and providing a prototype compiler for the extended language.
Taphonomic biases in the insect fossil record: shifts in articulation over geologic time

Abstract. Insect taphonomy is a topic that has drawn interest because of its potential biases on diversity patterns and the ecological information recorded by ancient insect faunas. Other than the onset of common amber fossilization in the Cretaceous, very little is known about long-term trends in the nature and quality of insect preservation and, as a result, the effects of taphonomic biases are poorly constrained. We assembled a database of nearly 7000 Carboniferous—Pliocene insect adpression (compression and impression) species from the primary literature to assess changes in insect taphonomy over time and test biotic and environmental controls on preservation. We grouped the fossils into 10-Myr bins and scored preservation of holotype specimens as either articulated bodies or isolated wings; articulated specimens with a body implied a generally higher quality of preservation. Paleozoic and Triassic insect holotypes are known overwhelmingly from isolated wings (only 12% articulated bodies), but our database shows a significant increase in the percentage preserved as articulated bodies, to more than 70%, beginning about 160 Myr ago in the Late Jurassic. This transition could reflect variations in the robustness of different insect orders and shifts in the taxonomic composition of insect faunas, but all the major orders in the database exhibit significant increases in articulation. Instead, a shift to increased preservation in lacustrine paleoenvironments, which contain a greater proportion of articulated body fossils, explains most of the trend. The pronounced Late Jurassic increase in articulation has implications for evolutionary and ecological reconstructions, for example, suggesting that preserved insect diversity may be biased downward in the earlier part of their history when articulation was poor.
Ultrawideband characterisation of photoimageable thick film materials for microwave and millimeter-wave design

This paper describes the accurate characterization of a photoimageable thick film dielectric with 1 to 110 GHz measurements on a two port microstrip ring resonator. The loss tangent is found to remain below 0.006 up to over 110 GHz. The line losses are found to be better than many reported results for thin film technology, with less than 0.2dB/mm at 80 GHz. Using the data, a 64 GHz bandpass filter and a lumped element 3 GHz low pass filter are designed and measured.
Cultivation of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

A REPORT by a working party of the Public Health Laboratory Service on the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis, reported in the Monthly Bulletin of the Ministry of Health and Public Health Laboratory Service (August, 1952, Vol. 11, p. 187 onwards) and referred to in the Bulletin of Hygiene (September, 1953, 28, 748), lays out the best methods of homogenization of sputa prior to culture on Lowenstein-Jensen medium and places in the following order four methods :
Neimark-Sacker Bifurcation For A Discrete-Time Neural Network Model With Multiple Delays

In this paper, we investigate a discrete-time neural network model with multiple delays. By analyzing the corresponding characteristic equation of the system, we discuss the stability and the existence of Neimark-Sacker bifurcation for the model. Applying the normal form method and the center manifold theory for discrete time system developed by Kuznetsov, we derive the explicit formula for determining the direction of Neimark-Sacker bifurcation and the stability of bifurcating periodic solution. Some numerical simulations which are in a good agreement with our theoretical analysis are carried out. Our results are new and complement previously known studies.
Measuring social class in US public health research: concepts, methodologies, and guidelines.

Increasing social inequalities in health in the United States and elsewhere, coupled with growing inequalities in income and wealth, have refocused attention on social class as a key determinant of population health. Routine analysis using conceptually coherent and consistent measures of socioeconomic position in US public health research and surveillance, however, remains rare. This review discusses concepts and methodologies concerning, and guidelines for measuring, social class and other aspects of socioeconomic position (e.g. income, poverty, deprivation, wealth, education). These data should be collected at the individual, household, and neighborhood level, to characterize both childhood and adult socioeconomic position; fluctuations in economic resources during these time periods also merit consideration. Guidelines for linking census-based socioeconomic measures and health data are presented, as are recommendations for analyses involving social class, race/ethnicity, and gender. Suggestions for research on socioeconomic measures are provided, to aid monitoring steps toward social equity in health.
Independence and Statistical Inference in Clinical Trial Designs: A Tutorial Review

The requirements for statistical approaches to the design, analysis, and interpretation of experimental data are now accepted by the scientific community. This is of particular importance in medical studies where public health consequences are of concern. Investigators in the clinical sciences should be cognizant of statistical principles in general, but should always be wary of the pursuing their own analyses and engage statisticians for data analysis whenever possible. Examples of circumstances that require statistical evaluation not found in textbooks and not always obvious to the lay person are pervasive. Incorrect statistical evaluation and analyses in such situations will result in erroneous and potentially serious misleading interpretation of clinical data. Although a statistician may not be responsible for any misinterpretations in such unfortunate circumstances, the quote often cited about statisticians and “damned liars” may appear to be more truth than fable. This article is a tutorial review and describes a common misuse of clinical data resulting in an apparently large sample size derived from a small number of patients. This mistake is a consequence of ignoring the dependency of results, treating multiple observations from a single patient as independent observations.
Comparison of Brief Health Literacy Screens in the Emergency Department

Measuring health literacy efficiently yet accurately is of interest both clinically and in research. The authors examined 6 brief health literacy measures and compared their categorization of patient health literacy levels and their comparative associations with patients’ health status. The authors assessed 400 emergency department patients with the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults, the Newest Vital Sign, Single Item Literacy Screen, brief screening questions, Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine–Revised, and the Medical Term Recognition Test. The authors analyzed data using Spearman's correlation coefficients and ran separate logistic regressions for each instrument for patient self-reported health status. Tests differed in the proportion of patients’ skills classified as adequate, but all instruments were significantly correlated; instruments targeting similar skills were more strongly correlated. Scoring poorly on any instrument was significantly associated with worse health status after adjusting for age, sex and race, with a score in the combined inadequate/marginal category on the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults carrying the largest risk (OR = 2.94, 95% CI [1.23, 7.05]). Future research will need to further elaborate instrument differences in predicting different outcomes.
Playing with Pop Culture : Writing an Algorithm To Analyze and Visualize Lyrics From the Musical “ Hamilton ”

In this paper, we discuss the interactive visualization project “How Does ‘Hamilton,’ the Non Stop, Hip-hop Broadway Sensation Tap Rap’s Master Rhymes to Blur Musical Lines? ” and the rhyme-pattern analysis algorithm that made the piece possible. This interactive extracts and describes the rhyme patterns interlaced throughout Lin-Manuel Miranda’s Broadway hit “Hamilton,” analyzing their higher-order structure to produce a genealogy of rap influence in the popular musical. The final section of the interactive allows readers to input their own lyrics and view the algorithmic categorization of their submission’s rhymes. The project was created for the Wall Street Journal and published online at http://graphics.wsj. com/hamilton/. An adapted portion of the project also appeared in the print edition. This paper explains the motivations behind the project, and the research and development of the user-interaction models, a unique visual language for rhyme patterns and the algorithm that produces them. We then use this process to suggest methods for getting news readers to play with pop-cultural analysis as a tactic to create strong feedback loops of engagement with news interactives that are not specifically games.
Efficient screening of environmental isolates for Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that are suitable for brewing

We developed an efficient screening method for Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains from environmental isolates. MultiPlex PCR was performed targeting four brewing S. cerevisiae genes (SSU1, AWA1, BIO6, and FLO1). At least three genes among the four were amplified from all S. cerevisiae strains. The use of this method allowed us to successfully obtain S. cerevisiae strains.
Viewpoint Invariant RGB-D Human Action Recognition

Viewpoint variation is a major challenge in video- based human action recognition. We exploit the simultaneous RGB and Depth sensing of RGB-D cameras to address this problem. Our technique capitalizes on the complementary spatio-temporal information in RGB and Depth frames of the RGB-D videos to achieve viewpoint invariant action recognition. We extract view invariant features from the dense trajectories of the RGB stream using a non-linear knowledge transfer model. Simultaneously, view invariant human pose features are extracted using a CNN model for the Depth stream, and Fourier Temporal Pyramid are computed over them. The resulting heterogeneous features are meticulously combined and used for training an L1L2 classifier. To establish the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we benchmark our technique using two standard datasets and compare its performance with twelve existing methods. Our approach achieves up to 7.2% improvement in the accuracy over the nearest competitor.
Anatomical Snuffbox and it Clinical Significance

The anatomical snuffbox is a small triangular area situated in the radial part of the wrist, often used to perform clinical and surgical procedures. Despite the frequency with which this area is used, there is scarce information in literature about its details. The objective of this study is detailed knowledge of the anatomical snuffbox’s anatomy and its components, the reporte d alterations at this portion, besides the clinical uses and significance of this area.
Open access in context: a user study

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to examine the impact on usage of the journal Nucleic Acids Research (NAR) moving to an open access model. A major objective was to examine the impact of open access in the context of other initiatives that have improved accessibility to scholarly journals. The study also aims to demonstrate the potential of deep log analysis for monitoring change in usage over time.Design/methodology/approach – Data were gathered from the logs for the period 2003‐June 2005 and analysed using deep log methods. The data were analysed to provide the following information on use: type of item viewed; usage over time; usage for individual journal issues; usage per type of article; age of article. Usage analyses were further examined with regard to the following user characteristics: subscriber/non‐subscriber; referrer link employed, organisational affiliation; geographical location.Findings – The analysis showed that the rise in use of NAR over the survey period (140 per cent) could l.
Discrimination of first- and second-order regular intervals from random intervals as a function of high-pass filter cutoff frequency.

This study extends the work of Kaernbach and Demany [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 104, 2998–2306 (1998)] in which regular interval stimuli (RIS) click trains with first-order intervals could be discriminated from random-interval click trains, but RIS with second-order intervals could not. Kaernbach and Demany concluded that their results cast doubt on autocorrelation as a method of analysis for such stimuli. The present study investigated the same stimuli, but for a variety of filter conditions. The results suggest that while RIS click trains with first-order intervals are more easily discriminated from random-interval stimuli than second-order interval RIS click trains, discrimination based on second-order intervals is possible except when the stimuli are high-pass filtered above 8 kHz, i.e., above the spectral region of phase locking.
Data of Interest ( DOI )-Based Analysis of Eye-Tracker Data for Interactive Visualizations

Interest in eye-tracking technology has proliferated in the visualization community in the last decade [2]. Currently, gaze information is analyzed in the image space that gaze coordinates were recorded in, generally with the help of overlays such as heatmaps or scanpaths, or with the help of manually defined areas of interest (AOI). Such analyses require significant manual input and are not feasible for studies involving many subjects, long sessions, and heavily interactive visual stimuli. We propose Data of interest (DOI)-based analysis: a new way of analyzing data provided by eye-tracking devices. Unlike existing point-based and AOI analyses, which focus on the coordinates and areas of the stimuli that users viewed, DOI-based analysis leverages the known structure of an evaluated visualization to detect in real time which individual elements of the visualization are being viewed, and relates those to the base-data from which the visualization was built. We show that DOI-based analysis can be particularly useful for analyzing the use of highly interactive visualizations.