Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection, phylogeny and population dynamics of syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacteria in anaerobic granular sludge.

A 16S rRNA sequence analysis of Syntrophobacter wolinii was done by using PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA-genes from DNA isolated from the S. wolinii-Desulfovibrio sp. coculture. Phylogenetic analysis using the obtained sequence revealed that S. wolinii was not related to bacteria growing syntrophically on other fatty acids than propionate, but was related to sulfate-reducing bacteria. The closest related bacteria are Desulfomonile tiedjei and Desulfoarculus baarsii.
A Novel Mesoderm‐Specific cDNA Isolated from a Mouse Embryonal Carcinoma Cell Line

A novel mesoderm‐specific cDNA clone has been isolated by differential screening of cDNA library from an embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell line MC12. The cDNA clone 121a is about 2.5 kb in length and apparently encodes a putative polypeptide of 335 amino acids which may be secreted or membrane anchored glycoprotein since it has a possible signal sequence and a potential N‐linked glycosylation site. In situ hybridization using mouse embryos revealed that 121a expression was confined to mesoderm and its derivatives such as allantois, the mesodermal layer of amnion, chorion and yolk sac, somites, heart, etc. These findings suggest that 121 a may be essential for mesodermal differentiation or function, although nothing definite is known. Conservation of 121a homolog in mammals and even in Drosophila seems to support this presumption. Fluorescence in situ hybridization successfully localized 121a to B1 band of mouse chromosome 6.
Sox11 promotes neuronal regeneration or death: complexities from heterogeneity

The objective of achieving central nervous system (CNS) restoration after disease or trauma has bedeviled researchers and practitioners for decades. Some of the more recent advances are promising, but the prospect of restoring function after severe injuries remains elusive. Here, I began with a screen of candidate genes from embryonic development, hoping to identify factors that could promote regeneration in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). I found that AAV-delivered overexpression of Sox11 could compel some RGCs to regenerate. Moreover, if Sox11 was combined with mTOR activation, dramatic regeneration of RGC axons could be seen extending past the optic chiasm. Confusingly, Sox11 killed other RGCs, including alpha RGCs. The differing abilities of CNS neurons to regenerate is only beginning to be characterized in the literature, and my findings provide the most extreme example to date. Sox11 may be useful, combined with other regenerative therapies, if its negative effects can be overcome. Considering the above, many currently promising regenerative approaches could have similar complexities or undetected problems. On the other hand, I argue that more rational engineering, aided by computational simulations, could reduce the search-space for workable therapeutics. I have implemented a basic example of such a simulator, which I name Celletron. By modeling the spatiotemporal environment of cells and tissues, with signaling networks too complex for any single person to understand, we might shave years off of screens and studies. My findings suggest that future studies will need to detect and account for neuronal heterogeneity in regeneration. Sox11 is a powerful and likely useful axon growth regulator, if its deficits can be addressed. Finally, I outline how developing improved computational tools could accelerate the engineering of CNS-restoring therapies.
Effect of arsenic risk assessment in Pakistan on mitigation action

: A recently published study on the potential extent of arsenic contamination in groundwater in Pakistan led to a large media response that spurred widespread interest by the public, health agencies and the government. An effect was the commitment of the WHO and the Pakistani government to enact immediate mitigation measures. This highlights the significant effect that contaminant prediction mapping can have on raising awareness and initiating mitigation action.
Some Morpho-Physiological Characteristics of Mung Bean Mycorrhizal Plants under Different Irrigation Regimes in Field Condition

In this study we determined some morpho-physiological characteristics of mung bean plants under various irrigation regimes (irrigation after 50, 100, 150 and 200 mm evaporation from pan class A) and mycorrhizal fungi inoculation (Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices). The highest and lowest seed yield was obtained from plants irrigated after 50 and 200 mm evaporation from pan, respectively. Root dry weight, root volume, leaf phosphorus and relative water content were decreased in plants under water deficit stress. Whereas, under various level of severe water deficit the proline content, total soluble carbohydrates and leaf nitrogen were increased. Mycorrhizal colonization was observed to be higher in well-watered plants rather than in stressed plants. Furthermore, the mycorrhizal plants produced a higher seed yield (161 g/m2), leaf phosphorus, leaf nitrogen, chlorophyll index, proline, total soluble carbohydrates content, relative water content, root length, root volume, root dry weight and root/shoot weight ratio as compared with non-mycorrhizal plants.
Dose- and time-dependent therapeutic and adverse effects of Mucuna pruriens extract in the 6-OHDA rat model of Parkinson’s disease

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The possible origin of high frequency quasi-periodic oscillations in low mass X-ray binaries

Abstract We summarize our model that high frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) both in the neutron star low mass X-ray binaries (NS-LMXBs) and black hole LMXBs may originate from magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves. Based on the MHD model in NS-LMXBs, the explanation of the parallel tracks is presented. The slowly varying effective surface magnetic field of a NS leads to the shift of parallel tracks of QPOs in NS-LMXBs. In the study of kilohertz (kHz) QPOs in NS-LMXBs, we obtain a simple power-law relation between the kHz QPO frequencies and the combined parameter of accretion rate and the effective surface magnetic field. Based on the MHD model in BH-LMXBs, we suggest that two stable modes of the Alfv́en waves in the accretion disks with a toroidal magnetic field may lead to the double high frequency QPOs. This model, in which the effect of the general relativity in BH-LMXBs is considered, naturally accounts for the 3:2 relation for the upper and lower frequencies of the QPOs and the relation between the BH mass and QPO frequency.
Population Genetic Structure of Laurus nobilis L. Inferred From Transferred Nuclear Microsatellites

Abstract Species with fragmented populations and low population size often display low within-population genetic diversity and strong among-population differentiation. Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae), common laurel, has a scattered distribution throughout the Mediterranean, with only few autochthonous populations. Our goal was to elucidate if this species has range-wide genetic structure and if planted material can be traced back to its origin. Genetic diversity was investigated using 4 polymorphic nuclear microsatellites (nSSR) transferred from two species of Lauraceae. Sixty-six laurel trees were selected from 7 widely separated populations within the Mediterranean distribution area of the species. A total of 34 alleles (9 alleles per locus on average) were found. Mean genetic diversity within-population (Hs), was 0.558. Genetic differentiation among populations (GST = 0.243) was high compared to that of other angiosperms. Laurus nobilis can be separated into two main gene pools, one from western (Tunisia, Algeria and France) and the other from eastern Mediterranean (Turkey). The Algerian, Tunisian and French populations presented a strong genetic similarity, compatible with the fact that North African laurel populations could be recently introduced from north-western Mediterranean stock.
The Not-So-Dark Side of Materialism: Can Public Versus Private Contexts Make Materialists Less Eco-Unfriendly?

Materialism, a way of life characterized by pursuing possessions, image, and status, has always been looked upon as self-interested and unkind. Previous studies have widely verified that materialism has a negative impact on individuals’ pro-environmental behaviors. The present research focused on whether the public (versus private) nature of a decision context will make materialists behave in more eco-friendly ways. In Study 1, the behavioral decision context (public vs. private) was manipulated to examine whether the relationship between materialism and pro-environmental behaviors would vary as a function of the situation. In Study 2, we manipulated materialism and contexts simultaneously to verify the hypothesis again. Findings in the two studies consistently revealed that public versus private contexts played a moderating role between materialism and pro-environmental behaviors. That is, in private, individuals with higher levels of materialism were less eco-friendly than those with lower levels of materialism, but the negative effect disappeared in public. We concluded with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of the research findings.
Spike Timing Neural Model of Motion Perception and Decision Making

The paper presents a hierarchical spike timing neural network model developed in NEST simulator aimed to reproduce human decision making in simplified simulated visual navigation tasks. It includes multiple layers starting from retina photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells (RGC) via thalamic relay including lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), and interneurons (IN) mediating connections to the higher brain areas—visual cortex (V1), middle temporal (MT), and medial superior temporal (MTS) areas, involved in dorsal pathway processing of spatial and dynamic visual information. The last layer—lateral intraparietal cortex (LIP)—is responsible for decision making and organization of the subsequent motor response (saccade generation). We simulated two possible decision options having LIP layer with two sub-regions with mutual inhibitory connections whose increased firing rate corresponds to the perceptual decision about motor response—left or right saccade. Each stage of the model was tested by appropriately chosen stimuli corresponding to its selectivity to specific stimulus characteristics (orientation for V1, direction for MT, and expansion/contraction movement templates for MST, respectively). The overall model performance was tested with stimuli simulating optic flow patterns of forward self-motion on a linear trajectory to the left or to the right from straight ahead with a gaze in the direction of heading.
MOSAIC MANAGEMENT IN METAPOPULATION MODELS: Optimal Management of Interrelated Species in Patchy Environments

Optimal management of spatially distributed natural resources that are mobile can rapidly lead to complicated mathematics of the optimal control of objects like partial di¤erential equations, mixed integro-di¤erential equations, stochastic partial di¤erential equations and the like (Brock 2000). To state it more concisely, modelling optimal mosaic management is hard. We propose here to investigate some simple metapopulation models that capture at least some aspects of management of an ecological mosaic. Although our analysis does not correspond to “mosaic management in metapopulations models” in the ecologist’s sense of the word, the models developed in this paper are inspired by actual such work.In their limiting form our models end up looking like Lotka Volterra models after suitable re-interpretation. Thus our generalized LotkaVoltera system is mathematically equivalent to versions of spatial models. Before we begin, we should note that these models are highly stylized and are subject to the same rather devastating criticisms of simple deterministic . sheries models made in Hilborn and Walters (1992). However, we still think it is useful to investigate these models, not only to shed insight on what might happen in more realistic models, but also to prompt appropriate questions to put to those more realistic models. This paper develops as follows. Section 2 analyzes species competition and coexistence in spatially structured environments, with special attention to interacting species models where there are hierarchical relationships among the species. Although these models can be transformed into multi-species LotkaVolterra models, the hierarchical relationship structure allows many species to co-exist in equilibrium. This is one way to avoid the limitations on the number ¤University of Wisconsin, Department of Economics, 1180 Observancy Drive, Madison Wisconsin, USA, e-mail: wbrock@ssc.wisc. edu. Brock thanks the NSF under grant SES9911251 and the Vilas Trust for essential . nancial support. None of the above are responsible for errors, opinions, or shortcomings of this paper. yUniversity of Crete, Department of Economics, University Campus, 74100 Rethymno, Greece, e-mail: xepapad@econ.soc. uoc.gr
Secondary production of the amphipod Ampelisca abdita mills and its importance in the diet of juvenile winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) in Jamaica Bay, New York

The benthic amphipod Ampelisca abdita dominates mudbottom benthic communities in Jamaica Bay (New York). In this study, we investigated the trophic role of Ampelisca in relation to winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) populations—the most frequently trawled fish species in Jamaica Bay. Flounders collected by trawl during summer 1989 were primarily juveniles. Stomach analyses indicated that amphipod crustaceans contributed >99% of prey individuals, with A. abdita making up 88%. Density and size frequency analyses of Ampelisca at three sites indicated two overlapping cohorts: a spring cohort released in June and a summer cohort released in late summer. Most overwintering survivors come from the summer cohort. Secondary production of Ampelisca was estimated at three sites using the cohort summation of biomass method. Estimates of annual production ranged from 25 g DW to 47 g DW m−2 (mortality + residual biomass); production due to growth ranged from 20 g DW to 26 g DW. Simulations of spring cohort production using a range of plausible growth and mortality schedules suggested that P∶B may be more sensitive to variability in survivorship than growth. Ampelisca secondary production in Jamaica Bay is compared with other amphipod species and with macrobenthic production in other coastal and estuarine systems. We conclude that observed amphipod production is probably more than sufficient to support local winter flounder populations in Jamaica Bay, and we speculate that high nutrient loadings may indirectly stimulate amphipod production. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A01BY058 00010
A comparison of different techniques to assess the biological availability of feed phosphates in pig feeding.

Four hundred and seventy-three piglets were used in three experiments to determine the nutri­ tional value of various feed phosphates and to evaluate the different techniques used. These techniques comprised blood and bone related parameters, the apparent digestibility of phos­ phorus (P) and the in vitro solubility. Graded levels of P originating from eight feed phos­ phates were supplemented to a basal diet. The goodness of fit and coefficient of variation were calculated regressing these parameters on supplemented quantity of P from feed phos­ phates. In one experiment the retention of P was measured by comparative slaughter tech­ nique and related to the various criteria. Blood parameters did not show a sufficient response to the amount of added P. In plasma the alkaline phosphatase activity was not linearly related to the amount of added P, while regressing the inorganic P content to the quantity of sup­ plemented P resulted in a low fitness of the model (R 2 = 53 %). The results obtained from bone parameters (fat-free dry matter, concentration of ash in fat-free dry matter, amount of ash, concentration of P in ash and bone breaking strength) were better (R 2 = 45-94 %). There were slight differences in the results using tibia, femur or third and fourth metatarsals. However, the highest degree of fit was found using the apparent digestibility of P as the de­ pendent variable (R 2 = 96-100 %). After relating the criteria to the retention of P, again the apparent P digestibility was the most accurate parameter to determine the biological availa­ bility of P. Basing the nutritional value of feed phosphates on digestibility of P, significant differences could be shown between form and origin of feed phosphate. The values within a type of feed phosphate showed a high repeatability.
Understanding the impact of family-to-work conflict and enrichment on the performance of entrepreneurial firms: A conservation of resources perspective

Abstract Entrepreneurs are critical human resources that have a significant impact on the performance of entrepreneurial firms. Yet, the nature of many entrepreneurial resources means that they are in demand by both their work (firms) and their families. Little is known about the impact that such dual demands might have on an entrepreneur’s ability to manage their own resources for their firm’s performance. Drawing upon conservation of resources (COR) theory and family-work literature, this paper develops a model to examine how family-to-work conflict (FWC) and family-to-work enrichment (FWE) shape the performance of entrepreneurial firms, directly and indirectly, through the mediation of entrepreneurial commitments. The model also explores the potential role of entrepreneurs’ key personal resources as a unique type of human resource that utilizes entrepreneurs’ internal dispositions to moderate the relationship between FWC/FWE and entrepreneurial commitments (and, hence, business performance). Empirical results from a study of 261 entrepreneurial firms in China provide support for our conceptual model. The paper has important implications for both HRM and entrepreneurship research and practices.
Structural biology of IgG Fc glycoforms

The conserved N-linked glycosylation site on the Fc domain of IgG1 antibodies is essential for maintaining a functionally active conformation of the antibody. Different glycoforms of the Fc exhibit widely different effector functions. Similarly, therapeutic antibodies, with engineered glycosylation, exhibit altered binding to cellular Fc receptors (FcRs). Here, X-ray crystallographic structures were obtained for biosynthetic intermediate glycoforms of human IgG1 Fc bearing: unprocessed oligomannose-type, intermediate hybrid-type, and mature complex-type glycans. The fully processed Fc protein crystallised in an “open” conformation with glycans forming canonical stabilising interactions on the protein surface. Analysis of the biosynthetic intermediates revealed that these stabilising hydrophobic protein-glycan interactions are formed only after processing by Golgi -mannosidase II. Mutagenesis of hydrophobic residues on Fc disrupted crucial protein-glycan interactions resulting in the selective destabilization of the 3-arm of the glycan chain with the 6-arm closely matching that seen for the native structure. However, carbohydrate analysis of released glycans shows increased processing on both arms indicating a more accessible and flexible glycan in the mutant structure suggesting that the crystallographic structure of these antibody glycans represents a minor low-energy conformation. The importance of Fc glycosylation is highlighted by endoglycosidases which eliminate Fc effector function. The crystallographic structure of enzymatically deglycosylated IgG Fc revealed a significant collapse of the of Cγ2 domains resulting in a ‘closed’ quaternary conformation, incompatible with Fc receptor binding. This provides a structural explanation for immune deactivating properties of endoglycosidases including those under preclinical development for the treatment of antibody-mediated immune pathology. One such bacterial endoglycosidase, Endo S, was studied further and revealed a specificity for complex-type glycans of the type found on IgG but no hydrolytic activity towards an engineered IgG Fc with oligomannose-type glycans. Introduction of both the engineered monoclonal IgG and endoglycosidase in serum led to a dramatic increase in FcR binding as the competitive binding of serum IgG for FcRs was selectively eliminated. This approach is a general technique for boosting the effector signal of therapeutic antibodies.
Nonlinear Output Feedback Finite-Time Control for Vehicle Active Suspension Systems

In this paper, an output feedback finite-time control method is investigated for stabilizing the perturbed vehicle active suspension system to improve the suspension performance. Since physical suspension systems always exist in the phenomenon of uncertainty or external disturbance, a novel disturbance compensator with finite-time convergence performance is proposed for efficiently compensating the unknown external disturbance. Moreover, the presented compensator is advantageous over the existing ones since it is continuous and can completely remove the matched disturbance. From the viewpoint of practical implementation, continuous control law will not lead to chattering, which is desirable for electrical and mechanical systems. For the nominal suspension system without disturbance, a homogeneous controller with a simple filter is constructed to achieve a finite-time convergence property, where the filter is applied to obtain the unknown velocity signal. Thus, the nominal controller combines a disturbance compensator into an overall continuous control law, which provides two independent parts with a separate design unit and a high flexibility for selecting the control gains. According to the geometric homogeneity and finite-time separation principle, it can be shown that the active suspension is finite-time stabilized. A designed example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the presented controller for improving the vehicle ride performance.
A Non-Segmented PSpice Model of SiC mosfet With Temperature-Dependent Parameters

A non-segmented PSpice model of silicon carbide metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (SiC mosfet) with temperature-dependent parameters is proposed in this paper, which can improve the model's convergence and temperature characteristics. The non-segmented equations and the parameter-extraction method for the proposed SiC mosfet PSpice model are introduced first. Simulation and experiment results are given to verify the correctness of the model while considering the temperature-dependent parameters. The static characteristics of the model are verified by comparing the simulation curves with the static characteristic curves in the SiC mosfet's datasheet, and its dynamic characteristics are verified by comparing the simulation results with experimental results under different ambient temperatures (25, 75, and 125 °C) based on a double-pulse test platform. Moreover, the proposed non-segmented model, the conventional segmented model, and the model from the manufacturer are adopted and simulated in a full-bridge inverter. The simulation results show better convergence of the proposed non-segmented model. Therefore, an accurate and practical simulation model of SiC mosfet is provided for circuit design in this paper.