Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of ultrasound to monitor prenatal growth and development in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

The increasing use of non‐human primates to study fetal development and neonatal management has necessitated the availability of fetuses of known gestational history. In this study, prenatal development and growth were investigated in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) using ultrasound. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the accuracy of ultrasound for monitoring prenatal growth and development in common marmosets, (2) to determine if litter size influences prenatal growth trajectories, and (3) to assess growth discordancy among litter mates. Fifty pregnancies were monitored longitudinally using real‐time abdominal sonography. During each examination the number of fetuses was recorded, and crown‐rump length (CRL) and biparietal diameter (BPD) were measured. The results indicate that ultrasound is a reliable method for observation of gross morphological changes during prenatal development in this species. Measures of CRL and BPD taken early in gestation using ultrasound were in agreement with those from gross specimens. Triplets were significantly (P < 0.05) smaller than twins for both BPD and CRL. No significant relationship was found between litter size and within litter variation in CRL or BPD. This study is the first longitudinal investigation of prenatal growth and development in C. jacchus. The observations from this study will be of use for determining approximate gestational age of fetuses, as well as providing guidelines for routine monitoring of pregnancy in this species. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simplified Hybrid AC–DC Microgrid With a Novel Interlinking Converter

Hybrid ac–dc microgrids (HMG) have become more popular recently because of their superior features in comparison with pure ac and dc microgrids (MGs). HMGs have fewer power converters and are more flexible than pure ac and dc MGs, but the number of converters in HMG is still significant, especially when the dc part of HMG has several voltage levels. A new simplified and more flexible architecture for HMGs that features a new multiport interlinking converter (IC) is proposed in this article. Using the proposed IC, the number of power electronic converters in an HMG with several dc bus voltages can be reduced without increasing the number of active switches in the IC or the complexity of its control system. In this article, the new simplified HMG architecture is presented, and the operation of the proposed IC as a single unit and as a part of a simplified HMG are explained, along with its features. Experimental results obtained from a scaled-down prototype are also presented to confirm the feasibility of the multiport interlinking converter. Simulation results that show the effect of load variations in the intermediate bus architecture dc bus on the operation of the HMG are also presented as well.
The Effects of Implementation Quality of a School-Based Social and Emotional Well-Being Program on Students’ Outcomes

School-based social and emotional learning (SEL) programs can be effective in producing positive outcomes for students. However, when the implementation quality is poor, these programs often lose their effectiveness and fail to produce the expected positive outcomes. The current study evaluates a school-based SEL program for 15–18-year-olds in Ireland by determining the impact of implementation quality on program outcomes. The study also examines the effects on outcomes of different implementation dimensions including Dosage, Adherence, Quality of Delivery, and Participant Responsiveness. Employing a cluster randomized controlled trial design, this study collected student outcome data (n = 675) from 32 disadvantaged schools across three time points (pre-, post-, 12-month follow-up) and compared these data across three treatment groups (high-implementation, low-implementation, and control). Linear mixed models (LMM) were used to determine the relationships between the implementation data and student outcome data longitudinally. The findings revealed that the positive effects of the program were only observed with the high-, but not the low-implementation group (reduced suppression of emotions (p = 0.049); reduced avoidance coping (p = 0.006); increased social support coping (p = 0.009); reduced levels of stress (p = 0.035) and depressive symptoms (p = 0.025). The comparison of implementation dimensions revealed that only Quality of Delivery had a significant effect on all of the tested outcomes. This study highlights the importance of high-quality implementation in producing positive outcomes and supports the need to evaluate implementation using multiple dimensions.
Layered Double Hydroxides with Intercalated Permanganate and Peroxydisulphate Anions for Oxidative Removal of Chlorinated Organic Solvents Contaminated Water

The contamination by chlorinated organic solvents is a worldwide problem as they can deeply penetrate aquifers, accumulating in the sub-surface as lenses of highly hazardous pollutants. In recent years, so called in situ oxidation processes have been developed to remediate chlorinated organic solvents from groundwater and soil by injecting solutions of oxidising agents such as permanganate or peroxydisulphate. We here present modified layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with intercalated oxidising agents that might serve as new reactants for these remediation strategies. LDHs might serve as support and stabiliser materials for selected oxidising agents during injection, as the uncontrolled reaction and consumption might be inhibited, and guarantee that the selected oxidants persist in the subsurface after injection. In this study, LDHs with hydrotalcite- and hydrocalumite-like structures intercalated with permanganate and peroxydisulphate anions were synthesised and their efficiency was tested in batch experiments using trichloroethene or 1,1,2-trichloroethane as the target contaminants. All samples were characterised using powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis coupled with mass spectrometry to directly analyse evolving gases, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Additionally, particle size distribution measurements were carried out on the synthesised materials. Results of the batch experiments confirmed the hypothesis that oxidising agents keep their properties after intercalation. Permanganate intercalated LDHs proved to be most efficient at degrading trichloroethene while peroxydisulphate intercalated Ca,Al-LDHs were the most promising studied reactants degrading 1,1,2-trichloroethane. The detection of dichloroethene as well as the transformation of the studied reactants into new LDH phases confirmed the successful degradation of the target contaminant by oxidation processes generated from the intercalated oxidising agent.
Deep Learning-Aided Belief Propagation Decoder for Polar Codes

This paper presents deep learning (DL) methods to optimize polar belief propagation (BP) decoding and concatenated LDPC-polar codes. First, two-dimensional offset Min-Sum (2-D OMS) decoding is proposed to improve the error-correction performance of existing normalized Min-Sum (NMS) decoding. Two optimization methods used in DL, namely back-propagation and stochastic gradient descent, are exploited to derive the parameters of proposed algorithms. Numerical results demonstrate that there is no performance gap between 2-D OMS and exact BP on various code lengths. Then the concatenated OMS algorithms with low complexity are presented for concatenated LDPC-polar codes. As a result, the optimized concatenated OMS decoding yields error-correction performance with CRC-aided successive cancellation list (CA-SCL) decoder of list size 2 on length-1024 polar codes. In addition, the efficient hardware architectures of scalable polar OMS decoder are described and the proposed decoder is reconfigurable to support three code lengths (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N= 256, 512, 1024$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and two decoding algorithms (2-D OMS and concatenated OMS). The polar OMS decoder implemented on 65 nm CMOS technology achieves a maximum coded throughput of 5.4 Gb/s at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E_{b}/N_{0} = 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB for code length 1024 and 7.5 Gb/s at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E_{b}/N_{0} = 3.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB for code length 256, which are comparable to the state-of-the-art polar BP decoders. Moreover, a 5.1 Gb/s throughput at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E_{b}/N_{0} = 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB is achieved under concatenated OMS decoding mode for code length 1024 with a latency of 200 ns, which is superior to existing CA-SCL decoders that have similar error-correction performance.
Taxonomy of Tepary Bean and Wild Relatives as Determined by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Markers

Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray), a low-rainfall crop from the Sonoran desert, is thought to have low diversity; however, its relationship to its wild relatives is poorly understood. In this study, a total of 147 accessions were evaluated by means of AFLP markers to (i) establish the taxonomic relationships within and between the Acutifolii and other sections and (ii) to understand tepary bean domestication. The structure among the 10 species analyzed corresponded to currently recognized sections: Phaseolus glabelus and Phaseolus lunatus L. were equally distant from the phaseoli and coccinei sections and the rugosi section included Phaseolus angustis-simus, Phaseolus carteri and Phaseolus filiformis. We also compared the gene pool differences for common (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and lima bean (P. lunatus) with differences observed within the Acutifolii section. The wild relative, Phaseolus parvifolius persistently separated from the bulk of both cultivated and wild tepary, validating its status as a separate species; while within the wild accessions, there was no obvious grouping along the foliar variants. On the basis of our results, one of two Mexican states, Sinaloa or Jalisco, could have been the domestication center, although the hypothesis of multiple domestication events cannot be discarded. Furthermore, domesticated tepary bean was most likely derived from wild genotypes of var. acutifolius rather than genotypes of var. tenuifolius.
Heterotrophic bacterial production in the lower Murray River, south-eastern Australia

Bacterial production is important in aquatic carbon cycles because it represents a key component whereby dissolved and particulate carbon can be recycled back into food webs. Despite its acknowledged importance, few studies have examined bacterial production in lowland rivers. Since studies have suggested bacterial production is closely related to some carbon pools, we anticipated this to be the case in the Murray River, but that the timing and type of carbon inputs in the Murray River may lead to bacterial dynamics that differ from studies from other sites. Bacterial abundance and production were measured at three contrasting sites of the lowland Murray River, south-eastern Australia, over an 18-month period. Bacterial abundance varied across the three sites on the Murray River and was correlated with chlorophyll a concentrations but not with temperature, nutrients, particulate organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Bacterial production also varied across the sites. Lowest production was at the site most immediately downstream of a large reservoir, with production generally ranging from 0.88 to 8.00 μg C L-1 h-1. Bacterial production in a reach within a large forest ranged from 4.00 to 17.38 μg C L-1 h-1. Production at the reach furthest downstream ranged from 1.04 to 23.50 μg C L-1 h-1. Bacterial production in the Murray River was generally greater than in the European River Spree, reaches of the Meuse and Rhine without immediate impacts from major urban centres and the Amazon River, but was similar to the concentration measured in the Mississippi and Hudson Rivers. Bacterial production was closely correlated with chlorophyll a concentration and total phosphorus, but not with temperature, dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic carbon or inorganic nitrogen. Despite the differences in production and respiration measured at different sites across the Murray River, bacterial growth efficiency was very similar at the three sites. Bacterial populations in the Murray River appear to be influenced by reach-specific conditions rather than broad-scale drivers such as temperature, carbon and nutrient concentrations.
Urban farming as competitive resource in food services: an evaluation through the resource-based view theory

Este artigo apresenta um estudo acerca da inserção da agricultura urbana (AU) como recurso competitivo para restaurantes. A população mundial tem se tornado cada vez mais urbana e apresenta crescente preocupação com a qualidade dos alimentos que consome. Assim, proprietários e chefs de restaurantes têm buscado adquirir alimentos cultivados localmente ou mesmo cultivá-los em seus estabelecimentos, de forma a garantir um alimento mais fresco e de alto teor nutritivo. Com base neste contexto, objetiva-se avaliar a influência da agricultura urbana na competitividade de um restaurante que utiliza o cultivo urbano de alimentos como um dos elementos de destaque em seus serviços. Esta pesquisa consiste em um estudo de caso qualitativo e descritivo. O caso investigado é o de um restaurante localizado na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, que introduziu a prática da AU em suas dependências. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de pesquisa documental, entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação direta, e foram analisados por categorização das informações e triangulação de dados para posteriormente serem avaliados por meio do modelo VRIO. Os resultados apontam para o desenvolvimento de uma vantagem competitiva por meio da AU quando combinada a elementos conceituais e tecnológicos.
GamTest: Psychometric Evaluation in a Low-Gambling General Population

Instruments that investigate different aspects of gambling activities are needed to distinguish negative consequences. Because gambling is a complex activity that occurs both offline and online, different questionnaires are necessary for screening and risk classification. GamTest, an instrument used by several gambling companies, was designed to cover different aspects of gambling: money and time spent, as well as social, financial, and emotional consequences. This study explores GamTest’s psychometric properties in a general population. A total of 2,234 Swedish respondents completed an online survey containing demographic questions, the questionnaire (GamTest), and the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). A confirmatory factor analysis was performed and GamTest’s reliability and validity tested. The confirmatory factor analysis yielded an inclusive fit. The internal consistency (omega) for the five factors was high (.79–.91), indicating good reliability, and a high positive correlation with the PGSI supported the validity of the GamTest. The inclusive fit of the confirmatory factor analysis can be explained by the low endorsement of negative consequences of gambling in the sample. However, GamTest seems to have good reliability and validity. The utility of GamTest is discussed in relation to its psychometric properties and its use in the responsible gambling tool Playscan. RésuméPour être en mesure d’évaluer les conséquences négatives du jeu, il nous faut des instruments qui étudient différents aspects de ces activités. Comme le jeu est une activité complexe qui se déroule à la fois hors ligne et en ligne, différents questionnaires sont nécessaires à des fins de dépistage et de classification des risques. Le GamTest est un instrument utilisé par plusieurs entreprises de jeux d’argent. Il a été conçu pour couvrir différents aspects du jeu: l’argent dépensé et le temps passé, ainsi que les conséquences sociales, financières et émotionnelles. Cette étude explore les propriétés psychométriques du GamTest dans une population en général. Au total, 2234 Suédois ont répondu à un sondage en ligne contenant des questions démographiques, le questionnaire (GamTest) et l’indice de gravité du jeu problématique. Une analyse factorielle de confirmation a été effectuée. La fiabilité et la validité du GamTest ont également été testées. L’analyse factorielle de confirmation a donné un ajustement inclusif. La cohérence interne (Omega) pour les cinq facteurs était élevée (0,79 à 0,91) indiquant une bonne fiabilité. Une corrélation positive élevée avec l’IGPJ a confirmé la validité du GamTest. L’ajustement inclusif de l’analyse factorielle peut s’expliquer par le faible endossement des conséquences négatives du jeu dans l’échantillon. Cependant, le GamTest semble être fiable et valide. L’utilité du Gamtest est abordée sous l’angle de ses propriétés psychométriques et de son utilisation dans l’outil de jeu responsable Plyscan.
Complexities of sexual consent: young people’s reasoning in a Swedish context

ABSTRACT Although previous research and public debate argue that partnered sexual activity is construed in terms of being consensual or not, we know little about young people’s own reasoning on sexual consent. This study aimed to investigate how sexual consent and sexual negotiations are interpreted by young people in Sweden. Forty-four female and male participants, ranging from 18–21 years old, took part in 12 focus groups, organised according to a set of vignettes. All focus groups were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. The findings illustrate the complexity of the interpretation of sexual consent. There was a clear perception among the participants that sex between two individuals is a mutual process, and that sex should be consensual, expressed either through words, body language, or both. They all stated clearly that a ‘No’ has to be respected, independently of context. However, at the same time participants expressed contradictory norms and expectations in relation to the described situations, that showed an ambivalence concerning sexual scripts and consequences of challenging these in specific situations. Reasoning concerning discrepancy between ideals and actual possibilities to act in sexual encounters indicates differences in relation to gender, age and educational background and pathways.
Clinical Significance and Prognostic Value of miR-28-5p in Colon Cancer

Background The association of miR-28-5p with colon cancer remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to determine the clinical significance and prognostic value of miR-28-5p in colon cancer. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of miR-28-5p in colon adenocarcinoma data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the data was divided into cancer group and normal group, respectively. Forty colon cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected and tested by qRT-PCR methods. The difference of the miR-28-5p expression between colon cancer and normal tissues was compared. The clinical significance of miR-28-5p in colon cancer and the association with the survival were determined. The predictive value of miR-28-5p in clinical features was determined using receiver operating characteristic curve. The target genes of miR-28-5p were identified, and the functional of target genes was performed using bioinformatics analysis. Results : The expression of miR-28-5p was increased in colon cancer tissues compared with normal controls (p = 0.037). The expression of miR-28-5p was significantly increased in tissues with distant metastases compared with that without distant metastases (p = 0.026). Patients with high expression of miR-28-5p have a shorter survival time than those with low expression (p = 0.004). Cox analysis showed that miR-28-5p was an independent predictor for the survival of patients (p = 0.014). Combination of miR-28-5p with TNM stage and clinical stage can improve the prognostic value for the patients (p < 0.05). miR-28-5p has a moderate predictive value in predicting the TNM stage and clinical stage (T stage: AUC = 0.515; N stage: AUC = 0.523, M stage: AUC = 0.572; clinical stage: AUC = 0.539). 711 potential target genes of miR-28-5p were screened; their function and pathways were identified. Conclusions : This study demonstrated that miR-28-5p was increased in colon cancer and can be an independent indicator for the overall survival in patients with colon cancer.
Plant glutathione transferases — a decade falls short

The glutathione transferase (GST) superfamily in plants has been subdivided into eight classes, seven of which (phi, tau, zeta, theta, lambda, dehydroascorbate reductase, and tetrachlorohydroquinone dehalogenase) are soluble and one is microsomal. Since their identification in plants in 1970, these enzymes have been well established as phase II detoxification enzymes that perform several other essential functions in plant growth and development. These enzymes catalyze nucleophilic conjugation of the reduced form of the tripeptide glutathione to a wide variety of hydrophobic, electrophilic, and usually cytotoxic substrates. In plants, the conjugated product is either sequestered in the vacuole or transferred to the apoplast. The GSTs of phi and tau classes, which are plant-specific and the most abundant, are chiefly involved in xenobiotic metabolism. Zeta- and theta-class GSTs have very restricted activities towards xenobiotics. Theta-class GSTs are glutathione peroxidases and are involved in oxidative-str.
A simple high performance liquid chromatography method for the measurement of nucleobases and the RNA and DNA content of cellular material

Current methods are not generally suitable for the quantitative analysis of nucleobases in cellular material and more complex matrices that are often encountered with environmental samples. Simple and reliable quantitative methods for nucleobase analysis in purified ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), microorganisms, and environmental samples are presented. Novel microwave‐assisted vapor phase and liquid phase hydrolyses with HCl (6 mol L−1) were developed for the analysis of nucleobases in soluble and particulate samples, respectively. Optimal conditions for the release of purines (130°C, 10 min) and pyrimidines (160°C, 40 min) from DNA and RNA were applicable to both the vapor phase and liquid phase hydrolysis. Residual hydrochloric acid in hydrolysate can be removed easily by drying under a stream of nitrogen gas. Nucleobases were separated and quantified using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC‐DAD). The limit of detection for primary nucleobases ranged from 20 to 32 nmol L−1. Total hydrolysable nucleobases were analyzed in salmon testes DNA, yeast RNA, cultures of marine microalgae and cyanobacteria, and suspended particles from an estuary. The RNA and DNA contents and RNA/DNA ratios in cellular material were estimated from analyses of hydrolysable nucleobases.
A Type-2 Fuzzy Sonewhere Dense Set In General Type-2 Fuzzy Topological Space

The multiplicity of connotations in any paper does not mean that there is no main objective for that paper and certainly one of these papers is our research the main objective is to introduce a new connotation which is type-2 fuzzy somewhere dense set in general type-2 fuzzy topological space and its relationship with open sets of the connotation type-2 fuzzy set in the same space topology and theories of this connotation.