Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The curiously different inflation perspectives of men and women

That men and women occasionally see things differently is not a remarkable observation. But that the sexes could report vastly different perspectives on the rate at which prices are rising over a long period of time is astonishing. This Commentary describes the difference in inflation sentiment held by men and women — a puzzle that may hold the key to interpreting survey-based data on household inflation expectations.
Self-Similarity Analysis of the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation in the Madelung Form

In the present study a particular case of Gross-Pitaevskii or nonlinear Schrödinger equation is rewritten to a form similar to a hydrodynamic Euler equation using the Madelung transformation. The obtained system of differential equations is highly nonlinear. Regarding the solutions, a larger coefficient of the nonlinear term yields stronger deviation of the solution from the linear case.
Role of Graphene in Photocatalytic Solar Fuel Generation

One of the most promising methods for conversion and storage of solar energy is in the form of the chemical bonds of an energy carrier, such as hydrogen or light hydrocarbons. However, the traditional methods to harness and store solar energy are simply too expen- sive to be implemented on a large scale. It has been documented that the recombination of photo-induced charge carriers is the greatest source of inefficiency in photocatalytic systems. In the last decade, graphene derivatives and their functionalized nanostructures were extensively utilized for various roles to improve the efficiency of photocatalytic solar fuel generation. These include photocatalyst/redox active sites via band gap and defect density engineering, charge acceptor due to their excellent carrier mobility, a solid-state charge mediator by electronic band alignment, and light absorber by taking advantage of their photoluminescence characteristics at the nanoscale. This chapter aims to provide an authoritative and in-depth review on the properties and application of graphene derivatives, as well as the recent advances in the design of graphene-based photocatalytic systems. The knowledge extracted from the presented materials can be applied to other applications dealing with surface chemistry, interfacial science, and optoelectronic device fabrication. semiconductors. The figure also shows processes (photo-excitation, charge transportation, and charge recombination) that occur upon striking the surface of a semiconductor by a light photon with energy greater than the semiconductor’s band gap. Once photo- induced charges reach the surface of the semiconductor, several possible products can proceed (i.e., water splitting and CO 2 conversion). The potential of the redox reactions denoted by E o .
Determination of 1,2-dibromoethane as a genotoxic impurity in escitalopramoxalate drug substance by gas chromatography

A simple gas chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of 1,2-Dibromoethane in Escitalopram oxalate drug substance. The method was validated as per ICH guideline in terms of LOD, LOQ, Method precision, accuracy and specificity. The LOD and LOQ values were found to be 3 ppm (3 Âµg/g) and 10 ppm (10 Âµg/g) respectively.
The initiation of modern soft and hard Snowball Earth climates in CCSM4

Geochemical and geological evidence has sug- gested that several global-scale glaciation events occurred during the Neoproterozoic Era in the interval from 750- 580 million years ago. The initiation of these glaciations is thought to have been a consequence of the combined influ- ence of a low level of atmospheric carbon dioxide concen- tration and an approximately 6 % weakening of solar lumi- nosity. The latest version of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM4) is employed herein to explore the detailed combination of forcings required to trigger such extreme glaciation conditions under present-day circumstances of ge- ography and topography. It is found that runaway glaciation occurs in the model under the following conditions: (1) an 8-9 % reduction in solar radiation with 286 ppmv CO2 or (2) a 6 % reduction in solar radiation with 70-100 ppmv CO2. These thresholds are moderately different from those found to be characteristic of the previously employd CCSM3 model reported recently in Yang et al. (2012a,b), for which the re- spective critical points corresponded to a 10-10.5 % reduc- tion in solar radiation with 286 ppmv CO2 or a 6 % reduc- tion in solar radiation with 17.5-20 ppmv CO2. The most im- portant reason for these differences is that the sea ice/snow albedo parameterization employed in CCSM4 is believed to be more realistic than that in CCSM3. Differences in cloud radiative forcings and ocean and atmosphere heat transports also influence the bifurcation points. These results are poten- tially very important, as they are to serve as control on further calculations which will be devoted to an investigation of the impact of continental configuration. We demonstrate that there exist "soft Snowball" Earth states, in which the fractional sea ice coverage reaches ap- proximately 60-65 %, land masses in low latitudes are cov- ered by perennial snow, and runaway glaciation does not de- velop. This is consistent with our previous results based upon CCSM3. Although our results cannot exclude the possibility of a "hard Snowball" solution, it is suggested that a "soft Snowball" solution for the Neoproterozoic remains entirely plausible.
A numerical integrated model of composting processes using finite elements methods

CSBE100824 - Presented at 8th World Congress on Computers in Agriculture (WCCA) Symposium ABSTRACT A dynamic finite element computer model of a composting system was created; it was temporally and spatially explicit. The modeled system was a cylindrical vessel, but it was conceptualized as a two-dimensional system on the assumption of radial symmetry. Air was blown in at the bottom through a distribution plenum and exited freely at the top. The evolution of the model was computed over time and space using multi-physics finite element modeling software (COMSOL™ version 3.5a). At each time step, the stationary solutions of the differential equations describing convection or diffusion were chosen, because those processes were assumed to occur much faster than any changes in the biomass. The compost was studied as a three-phase system. The water film around the solid particles hydrolyzed the nutriments that sustained the biomass and its chemical activities. Gases produced or consumed by the biomass - oxygen, carbon dioxide, ammonia - were exchanged with the gas phase through the water film. The gas concentrations and the temperature in the liquid or vapor phases were separately represented. Heat transfer was modeled as conductive through the liquid and solid phases, convective in the gas phase, and both convective and conductive therein. The population of micro-organisms was considered to be composed of mesophiles and thermophiles with different temperature-related growth coefficients. In order to model the heat and mass transfer between phases, a total of n growth characteristics were accounted for. Their development was computed through time and space. The modeling results and validation against physical experimental data are discussed.
Consumer influences into weather apps usage on smartphones: key highlights

Prior to the IT revolution, weather information was typical broadcast through non-electronic and electronic media. However, through the advent of technology, populations are now able to receive routine weather information through media other than the traditional sources of television and radio. These media channels include various forms of computing devices, such as personal computers, laptops, tablets, phablets and smartphones. In view of the growth, the ever-increasing penetration and adoption of smartphones, coupled with the mobility of societal lifestyle patterns, the ‘smartphone’ would seem to be well suited as a device for consumer acceptance of weather information by means of weather apps. As part of a larger study into the acceptance, trust and value of weather apps by smartphone users, a number of key consumer-based insights are illustrated within this paper. These insights may have implications for both marketers of smartphones and developers of weather apps.
Polar‐Molecule‐Dominated Electrorheological Fluids Featuring High Yield Stresses

Recent works on the development of various electrorheological (ER) fluids composed of TiO2, SrTiO, and CaTiO particles coated with CO/HO polar groups are summarized, in which an extremely large yield stress up to 200 kPa is measured and the dynamical yield stress reaches 117 kPa at a shear rate of 775 s−1. Moreover, unlike that of traditional dielectric ER fluids, the yield stress displays a linear dependence on electric field strength. Experimental results reveal that it is the polar molecules adsorbed onto the dielectric particles that play the decisive role: the polar‐molecule‐dominated ER effect arises from the alignment of polar molecules by the enhanced local electric field in the gap between neighboring particles. The pretreatment of electrodes and the contrivance of new measuring procedures, which are desirable for the characterization and practical implementation of this material, are also discussed. The successful synthesis of these fluids has made many of the long since conceived applications of the ER effect available.
Using soil seed banks for ecological education in primary school

In this study, we developed an educational programme using soil seed banks to promote ecological literacy among primary school‐aged children. The programme consisted of seven student activities, including sampling and setting soil seed banks around the school, watering, identifying seedlings, and making observations about the plants and their environments. Research was conducted in two urban elementary schools in Seoul, Korea with 99 fourth‐grade students, who were divided into two experimental groups that engaged in the soil seed bank programme and a control group that followed the official textbook‐based curriculum for studying lima bean seed growth. After participating in this programme, the level of student concepts about the relationship between plant distribution and the environment increased significantly in comparison with a control group (p<0.01), as did student knowledge about plants and plant ecology (p<0.01). In addition, the programme was associated with increases in eco‐centric attitudes among the students (p<0.01), including a shift toward more positive attitudes about plants. According to the participants, the programme better enabled students to recognise and observe temporal changes in plants and nature, providing one indication that their ecological sensibilities were augmented by the student activities in which they engaged. Both the participating students and the teachers leading the activities expressed a belief that the programme benefited the participating students, and that the activities were interesting and useful. This study showed that a programme of activities using soil seed banks and seedling emergence methods promoted ecological literacy by providing simple, hands‐on opportunities to experience and inquire about local plants and their environments.
UAV Cloud Operating System

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) which is a special case of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) that attracts many researchers as it becomes a scope for both military and civilian applications. Also the trend of cloud computing when it is combined with UAV highlights this field of research in many aspects, but the most significant point of research is the operating system for the cloud. This paper investigates UAV cloud operating system showing the throughput (bits/Sec) for the system implemented when using both Windows and Linux operating systems in order to select the operating system used based on a real scientific results.
Soybean Breeding on Seed Composition Trait

Soybean is a most important crop providing edible oil and plant protein source for human beings, in addition to animal feed because of high protein and oil content. This review summarized the progresses in the QTL mapping, candidate gene cloning and functional analysis and also the regulation of soybean oil and seed storage protein accumulation. Furthermore, as soybean genome has been sequenced and released, prospects of multiple omics and advanced biotechnology should be combined and applied for further refine research and high-quality breeding.
Broad-scale patterns in local diversity of marine benthic harpacticoid copepods (Crustacea)

The α and β diversity of benthic harpacticoids were estimated using 103 published datasets from all over the world, with depths ranging from the intertidal zone to 5600 m. α diversity (expected number of species per 100 individuals) was correlated with organic matter flux to the bottom, and this effect was depth-dependent, with the correlation being negative from the shallowest waters up to 33 m and positive in deeper waters. α diversity was also positively correlated with depth itself and depended on the sediment properties and duration of study, but showed no latitudinal trend. β diversity (estimated as the slope of the species accumulation curve) was negatively correlated with latitude and positively correlated with the spatial extent and depth range of sampling. The effect of latitude and extent was mainly pronounced for the intertidal zone, whereas the depth range was the most significant factor in the deep waters. Additionally, β diversity was higher on sands and mixed sediments than on silt or mud. Latitude explained 45% of the β diversity variation in the littoral zone, 18% in the upper sublittoral, and less than 5% in deeper zones. Thus, α and β diversity act as independent and spatially uncorrelated components of overall regional diversity, driven by different mechanisms. Variations in β diversity presumably reflect spatial heterogeneity and form the latitudinal gradient in the shallowest waters. Deeper, trophic conditions play the leading role, and thus α diversity contributes the major proportion of the total diversity variance there and is responsible for the bathymetric gradient.
Impact of Institutionalization on Somatotype among Adolescents

Abstract The present cross-sectional study was carried out on 1074 subjects (504 emotionally deprived and 570 control ones including both the sexes) from the orphanages and similar economic level educational institutions belonging to the areas of Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh. From body measurements somatotype components were evaluated. The objective of the present study is to analyze the effect of emotional deprivation on somatotype. The values for endomorphy component were lesser in male and female adolescents in institutionalized than their control coevals with statistically significant differences. The mesomorphy component was almost same in the two groups of males, while in some groups of females, emotionally deprived were more mesomorphic than controls. In ectomorphy, significant differences were observed between two groups of males but females showed non-significant differences.
The Effects of Complex Lactobacillus on Bowel Function in Nursing Home Elderly

Background: Lactobacillus is a gut microflora in humans that plays a helpful role in disease prevention and health maintenance. We evaluated whether a designed complex compound of lactobacillus, including Lactobacillus bifidus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bacillus subtilis natto, given in a total amount of 108 colony-forming units (CFU) daily, might improve the bowel function in nursing home elderly. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study among 38 nursing-home residents who were ≥65 years old at a community hospital in central Taiwan. The participants were randomized into either an experimental group who received the complex lactobacillus compound (6 g/day); or a placebo group who received glucose polymer (3 g/day). The 10-week study consisted of an initial period of 4 weeks, a 2-week wash-out period and followed by a final period of 4 weeks. We collected data on daily activities, bowel movements, and amount of enemas used. Participants did not change their diets or activity, and usual medications. Results: Stool frequency at week 1 was significantly increased and enema use was significantly decreased at week 2 in the experimental group (p＜0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the amount or color of stool between these experiment and placebo groups. This study showed that adding complex lactobacillus compound into the diet improved bowel function among subjects, but these effects did not maintain after 2 weeks intervention. Conclusion: Providing 6 g complex lactobacillus compound per day improved fecal output frequency at week 1 and reduced the use of enemas at week 2 in nursing home for elderly. However, these effects were not observed with prolonged use.
The significance of geochemical proxies in corals, does size (age) matter?

The main goal of this paper is to determine how size (small vs. large coral heads) and age (juvenile vs. adult) potentially affect geochemical proxies in coral skeleton, widely used in paleoclimate studies. After ensuring that corals are not diagenetically altered, we analyse Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca, δ 18 O and δ 13 C on 3 cores from two study areas. We compare two different size corals from similar environmental setting in Vanuatu. The smaller coral head, despite presenting a similar seasonal shape pattern that its larger counterpart, presents higher Sr/Ca, potentially interpreted as cooler temperatures. We also study the top and the basement of a ~7m-high massive Porites sp. core from New Caledonia that reveal both modern and post-settlement periods. A sharp evolution of the geochemical proxies is seen during the post-settlement period. The differences in between the cores seem unlikely to be caused by environmental factors alone and we argue for biological differences. The implications are important for fossil studies where coral cores are often recovered in small pieces with no age indices (adult or young). Geochemical reconstructions should then be carefully interpreted as ontogenic effects could easily bias the results.
5th Eurasphalt & Eurobitume Congress, 13-15th June 2012, Istanbul P5EE-493 IMPORTANCE OF SOME ASPECTS OF METHODOLOGY IN PAVEMENT LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

After years of development of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for roads, there are still some questions surrounding the data and methodology to use. Eurobitume’s latest life cycle inventory (April 2011) uses two methods of allocating environmental impacts among petroleum products, including bitumen. Capital goods (i.e. refinery infrastructure) are also included. The UK publically available specification, PAS 2050 for assessment of greenhouse gases of consumer products is finding wide use in the UK but uses a different approach. The significance of these decisions for a road carbon footprint is investigated in this paper. Recycling is a topical issue for pavement engineers. The challenges to LCA practitioners include how to allocate/credit the impacts/benefits of recycling within the life cycle. The significance of this decision for a road carbon footprint is investigated in this paper. While the adoption of a standard methodology for road LCA will assist in transparency and decision making, the impact of the chosen approach on the results found has not been explored. In support of LCA method development in roads, a case study (focusing on carbon footprint) of a typical UK road is presented, in which the allocation approach and recycling scenarios are tested, and the model is checked for sensitivity to these parameters.
Using Generalised Supply-Demand Analysis to Identify Regulatory Metabolites

We present the framework of generalised supply-demand analysis of a kinetic model of a cellular system, which can be applied to networks of arbitrary complexity. By fixing the concentrations of each of the variable species in turn and varying them in a parameter scan, rate characteristics of supply-demand are constructed around each of these species. The shapes of the rate characteristic patterns and the magnitude of the flux-response coefficients of the supply and demand blocks, as compared to the elasticities of the enzymes that interact directly with the fixed metabolite, allow for identification of regulatory metabolites in the system. The analysis provides information not only on whether and where the system is functionally differentiated, but also on the degree to which of its species are homeostatically buffered. The novelty in our method lies in the fact it is unbiased, supplying an entry point for the further analysis and detailed characterisation of large models of cellular systems, in which the choice of metabolite around which to perform a supply-demand analysis is not always obvious. The method is exemplified with two kinetic models from the published scientific literature.
Rapid in vitro propagation of Clematis heynei M. A. Rau: An importantmedicinal plant -

The propagation of Clematis species has been studied for last 2-3 decades, but problems related to rooting havelimited the conventional methods to fulfil commercial needs. The present investigation describes an efficientmicropropagation protocol for Clematis heynei, an important medicinal plant. Multiple shoot production wassuccessfully achieved from axillary buds using nodes as explants. The highest organogenic response wasobtained from the nodal segments cultured on MS medium enriched with Kinetin (3 mgL-1) and indole-3-aceticacid (0.4 mgL-1). Microshoots were transferred for rooting in variety of auxins and its concentrations; in whichmaximum root induction was occurred in Indole-3-acetic acid (1 mgL-1). Through sequential hardening process,well-rooted plantlets were established in the field conditions and exhibited 88 % survival with normalmorphology and growth characteristics. This protocol is a successful and efficient biotechnological approach tothe micropropagation of C. heynei.
Systematic notes on Asian birds. 65. A preliminary review of the Certhiidae

Recent proposed taxonomic changes in the Certhiidae are reviewed within the geographic scope of this series and their reliability is discussed in terms of the Biological Species Concept, with respect to secondary contacts, bioacoustics, and molecular genetics. Certain hitherto unpublished data, useful for the understanding of taxonomic decisions, are included. In accordance with Article 24.2. 3 of the Code one of us acts as First Reviser in selecting the correct spelling of the name of the recently described Chinese species.
Flipping STEM Classrooms Collaboratively Across Campuses in California

Dr. Laura Sullivan-Green is an Associate Professor and Department Chair in Civil and Environmental Engineering at San José State University. She obtained her BS from the University of Dayton (Dayton, OH) in 2002 and her MS (2005) and PhD (2008) from Northwestern University (Evanston, IL). She teaches in the areas of Geotechnical Engineering, Engineering Mechanics, and History of Technology. Her research interests include evaluating crack age in construction materials, forensic engineering education, and engineering education pedagogy. She serves on the SJSU Academic Senate and the Forensic Engineering Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers. Laura is the co-PI for the Department of Education’s First in the World Grant awarded to San José State University, in partnership with Cal Poly Pomona and California State UniversityLos Angeles.