Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Post-Exercise Blood Lactate Decline After Training in Competitive Cyclists and Triathletes

The measurement of maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) is considered one of the best methods to estimate endurance performance. However, other investigators have suggested that the blood lactate response to submaximal exercise may also provide an index of endurance performance (Coyle et al., 1991; Yoshida et al., 1990). Specifically, the power output, oxygen uptake (VO2) and percentage of VO2max associated with the lactate threshold (VO2 LT) have shown to be valid predictors of endurance performance. Endurance training lowers blood lactate concentrations during submaximal exercise at both relative and absolute work rates (Hurley et al., 1984; Westgarth-Taylor et al., 1997). It has been suggested that the lower blood lactate concentrations seen with training may be due, in part, to a greater rate of removal (Donovan & Brooks, 1983; Donovan & Pagliassotti, 1989, 1990). Based on this evidence, it has been postulated that measuring postexercise blood lactate decline may also provide an index of training status and/or capacity for endurance exercise performance. This concept has recently gained popularity, as evidenced by coaches and athletes who use measures of postexercise blood lactate to evaluate fitness and progress in endurance training programs. Despite this increase in popularity, conclusive evidence has yet to be presented regarding the use of postexercise blood lactate measures as an index of training status. The rate of postexercise blood lactate decline has become more pronounced after training in runners when compared to that of untrained individuals during passive recovery (Bonen & Belcastro, 1976). In contrast, other studies have concluded that endurance training had no effect on postexercise blood lactate decline (Bassett, Merrill, Nagle, Agre, & Sampedro, 1991; Evans & Cureton, 1983; Mayes, Hardman, & Williams, 1987). While the measures of the blood lactate response to submaximal exercise have been established as valid indexes of the capacity for aerobic endurance performance, these tests may not always be practical and facilities for testing may not be available. However, measuring postexercise blood lactate decline has become relatively less complicated due to the advent of hand-held blood lactate analyzers. Therefore, the purposes of this investigation were to: (a) determine the effect of a self-implemented cycle training program on measures of postexercise blood lactate decline after training and (b) examine relationships between measures of postexercise blood lactate decline and time trial performance in a group of competitive cyclists and triathletes. Post-Exercise Blood Lactate Decline After Training in Competitive Cyclists and Triathletes Research Note—Physio ogy
Using miniature MS system with automatic blood sampler for preclinical pharmacokinetics study.

AIM Preclinical pharmacokinetic studies are an essential part of modern drug development. In this work, we explored a new solution with onsite analysis using a miniature MS system, which can significantly improve the efficiency of the preclinical study. Materials & methods: A miniature mass spectrometer was used with an automatic blood sampler for onsite quantitation of drug compounds in whole blood samples. Slug-flow microextraction was used to replace the in-lab sample preparation. RESULTS & CONCLUSION Animal studies were carried out using two drug compounds, using the auto sampler to take blood samples at preprogrammed time points. The miniature MS system was used to obtain drug concentrations, which were subsequently used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters.
Long-term Reproducibility of Screening for Glaucoma With FDT-Perimetry

PurposeAim of this study was to evaluate the long-term reproducibility of frequency doubling technology (FDT) screening procedures. MethodsLongitudinal data of 433 eyes of 294 patients with no progression of glaucomatous optic disc atrophy were retrospectively analyzed: 62 control eyes, 184 ocular hypertensive eyes, 104 preperimetric, and 83 perimetric open-angle glaucoma eyes. All subjects had annual tests with the FDT perimeter and a standardized ophthalmologic examination (ie, conventional perimetry, optic disc inspection, tonometry, lens opacity measurement for exclusion of cataract). The present analysis used a published overall screening score with case-wise recalculation of missed localized probability levels. We analyzed long-term variability by correlation analysis, sign tests, and limits of agreement (LoA) as introduced by Altman and Bland. All subjects had at least 2 annual tests. Three hundred twenty-six eyes had 2 annual tests with the C-20 procedure and at least 1 test with the N-30 protocol another year later. One hundred thirty-five eyes had 1 C-20 and 2 annual tests with the N-30 protocol. ResultsAnalyses of repeated measurements revealed a significant learning effect (P<0.001, LoA: −4, 17) between the first and second examination but no significant difference between the second and following tests with the C-20 protocol (P>0.6, LoA: ±9). In addition, there was no significant difference between second C-20 and N-30 tests (P>0.5, LoA: −12, 6). ConclusionsThe study demonstrates the variability of FDT tests over several years. Longitudinal FDT-results in a clinical study showed a higher reproducibility if the first test was discarded. Reproducibility of screening with the N-30 protocol is comparable to the C-20 procedure if an overall score is considered.
Self-Perception of Body Weight Status and Weight Control Practices Among Adolescents in Malaysia

The prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents is rising rapidly in many countries, including Malaysia. This article aims to present the associations between body mass index–based body weight status, body weight perception, and weight control practices among adolescents in Malaysia. The Malaysia School Based Nutrition Survey 2012, which included a body weight perception questionnaire and anthropometric measurements, was conducted on a representative sample of 40 011 students from Standard 4 until Form 5, with a 90.5% response rate. Comparing actual and perceived body weight status, the findings show that 13.8% of adolescents underestimated their weight, 35.0% overestimated, and 51.2% correctly judged their own weight. Significantly more normal weight girls felt they were overweight, whereas significantly more overweight boys perceived themselves as underweight. The overall appropriateness of weight control practices to body weight was 72.6%. Adolescents attempting to lose or gain weight need to have better understanding toward desirable behavioral changes.
What Nurses Want: Diffusion of an Innovation

We investigated the usability of personal digital assistants (PDAs) to improve research utilization and timely access to electronic practice information to assist in clinical decisions. Nurses used a decision support tool on a PDA to collect point-of-care outcomes data. Follow-up interviews documented usability. Nurses liked the portability and size of the PDA, as well as ease of use of the PDA software. Electronic decision support tools at point of care have the potential to improve nurses' research utilization and quality of care.
Use of pharmacologic interventions for breast cancer risk reduction: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline.

PURPOSE To update the 2009 American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline on pharmacologic interventions for breast cancer (BC) risk reduction. METHODS A systematic review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses published from June 2007 through June 2012 was completed using MEDLINE and Cochrane Collaboration Library. Primary outcome of interest was BC incidence (invasive and noninvasive). Secondary outcomes included BC mortality, adverse events, and net health benefits. Guideline recommendations were revised based on an Update Committee's review of the literature. RESULTS Nineteen articles met the selection criteria. Six chemoprevention agents were identified: tamoxifen, raloxifene, arzoxifene, lasofoxifene, exemestane, and anastrozole. RECOMMENDATIONS In women at increased risk of BC age ≥ 35 years, tamoxifen (20 mg per day for 5 years) should be discussed as an option to reduce the risk of estrogen receptor (ER) -positive BC. In postmenopausal women, raloxifene (60 mg per day for 5 years) and exemestane (25 mg per day for 5 years) should also be discussed as options for BC risk reduction. Those at increased BC risk are defined as individuals with a 5-year projected absolute risk of BC ≥ 1.66% (based on the National Cancer Institute BC Risk Assessment Tool or an equivalent measure) or women diagnosed with lobular carcinoma in situ. Use of other selective ER modulators or other aromatase inhibitors to lower BC risk is not recommended outside of a clinical trial. Health care providers are encouraged to discuss the option of chemoprevention among women at increased BC risk. The discussion should include the specific risks and benefits associated with each chemopreventive agent.
Structured Deep Factorization Machine: Towards General-Purpose Architectures

In spite of their great success, traditional factorization algorithms typically do not support features (e.g., Matrix Factorization), or their complexity scales quadratically with the number of features (e.g, Factorization Machine). On the other hand, neural methods allow large feature sets, but are often designed for a specific application. We propose novel deep factorization methods that allow efficient and flexible feature representation. For example, we enable describing items with natural language with complexity linear to the vocabulary size—this enables prediction for unseen items and avoids the cold start problem. We show that our architecture can generalize some previously published single-purpose neural architectures. Our experiments suggest improved training times and accuracy compared to shallow methods.
Reconstructing savanna tree cover from pollen, phytoliths and stable carbon isotopes

Aim To calibrate a model of the relationship between bio-proxies (pollen, phytoliths and δ13C of soil organic matter) and woody cover, measured as the leaf area index (LAI). This relationship, applied in palaeosequences, enables reconstruction of past savanna tree cover. Location The samples are from tropical Africa. Modern soil samples are from the Central African Republic and past samples are from sediments of lakes in Senegal and Congo. Methods We analysed the pollen and phytolith content and stable carbon isotope values of 17 soil samples taken from three short transects in the Central African Republic; LAI was measured on the same transects. The indices used were the AP/NAP ratio of arboreal (AP) to non-arboreal (NAP) pollen, the D/P ratio of ligneous dicotyledons (D) to Poaceae (P) phytoliths, and the δ13C of soil organic matter, i.e. the 13C/12C ratio. Results A multi-proxy model was calibrated. The best model included only a combination of pollen and phytolith as proxies, excluding organic matter δ13C because of its long mean residence time in the soil. The model was then applied to two palaeosequences in Africa, and a time series of relative LAI changes was obtained, providing new information about vegetation changes. Conclusion This model can be applied in palaeosequences to reconstruct relative time series of LAI in African savannas and can help interpret vegetation changes quantitatively. This approach is complementary to the description of pollen and phytolith assemblages.
Influence of forest degradation on tree diversity in a forest-savannah transition in Eastern Ivory Coast

This study aimed at determining forest degradation impact on tree diversity in a forest-savannah transition zone in Ivory Coast. Structures of forest patches were given from the comparison of their number, area and index of fragmentation on basis of two land cover maps. Two forest types were identified according to their degradation. Results showed that landscape and forest disturbance, characterized by a forest canopy opening up, led to an increase of light-tolerant species and their richness in degraded forests. Thus, if diversity is summarized to species richness, forest degradation does not lead to a reduction of diversity. In contrast, species in degraded forests are less evenly distributed than those in non-degraded forests. Species abundance distribution in degraded forests indicates that only a few species dominate this zone due essentially to anthropogenic disturbances. In non-degraded forests, abundance distribution shows a relatively stable community in which individuals are more evenly distributed among species. Considering species abundance distribution and evenness index, non-degraded forest has a greater diversity than degraded forest.
Nonparametric estimation for middle-censored data

This paper provides the self-consistent estimator (SCE) and the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator (NPMLE) for "middle-censored" data, in which a data value becomes unobservable if it falls within a random interval. We provide an algorithm to find the SCE and show that the NPMLE satisfies the self-consistency equation. We find a sufficient condition for the SCE to be concentrated on the uncensored observations. In addition, we find sufficient conditions for the consistency of the SCE and prove that consistency holds for the special case when one of the ends is a constant. Some simulation results and an illustrative example, using Danish melanoma data set, are provided.
The effect of antigen dose and time after immunization on the amount and affinity of anti-hapten antibody.

Guinea pigs immunized with 50 µg of 2,4-dinitrophenyl-bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA) exhibit a marked increase in affinity of serum anti-hapten antibody between 2 weeks and 2 months after immunization associated with a modest fall in serum anti-DNP antibody concentration. On the other hand, guinea pigs immunized with 1 mg of DNP-BSA display little or no increase in affinity of serum antihapten antibody together with a marked fall in antibody concentration over the same time period. The selective induction of tolerance in cells capable of producing high affinity antibody upon immunization with large doses of antigen is proposed as an explanation for these observations and as one factor involved in the control of antibody synthesis. Furthermore, it is proposed that tolerance induction involves a thermodynamically driven step consisting of the binding of antigen to cell associated antibody.
Voltage trajectory control for vector-controlled induction motor drives to achieve six-step operation

This paper proposes a new voltage trajectory control for vector-controlled induction motor drives to achieve six-step operation in order to fully utilize the DC-link voltage. Based upon vector-controlled method, additional blocks for the presented method include field weakening control block and voltage command boost block. The special features for the proposed method include: not requiring look-up-table, reducing parameter sensitivity, and no need to freeze the current controllers and over boost voltage command. Moreover, the voltage moves along the hexagon trajectory of space vector of voltage and even achieves six-step operation such that the DC-link voltage can be fully utilized. Experimental and simulation results will be presented to fully support the claims.
Hawkeye : Leveraging Belady ’ s Algorithm for Improved Cache Replacement

This paper evaluates the Hawkeye cache replacement policy on the Cache Replacement Championship framework. The solution departs from that of the original paper by distinguishing prefetches from demand fetches, so that redundant prefetches can be identified and cached appropriately. Evaluation on SPEC2006 shows that in the absence of prefetching, Hawkeye provides a speedup of 4.5% over LRU (vs. 3.4% for SHiP) on the single-core configuration and a speedup of 9.2% (vs. 7.1% for SHiP) on the four-core configuration. In the presence of prefetching, Hawkeye’s performance is marginally better than SHiP’s (2.25% speedup vs 2.09% speedup over LRU).
Src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase‐2 expression is an independent negative prognostic factor in human breast cancer

Src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase‐2 (SHP2) is a ubiquitously expressed phosphatase that plays an essential role in the downstream signalling pathways of multiple growth factor receptors, thus representing a potential target for cancer therapy. Recent studies suggest that SHP2 contributes to tumour initiation, progression and metastasis in breast cancer, yet the impact of SHP2 expression on prognosis in human breast cancer has not been evaluated.
Supporting Information Extraction from Visual Documents

Visual Information Extraction (VIE) is a technique that enables users to perform information extraction from visual documents driven by the visual appearance and the spatial relations occurring among the elements in the document. In particular, the extractions are expressed through a query language similar to the well known SQL. To further reduce the human effort in the extraction task, in this paper we present a fully formalized assistance mechanism that helps users in the interactive formulation of the queries.
Duration of work disability: a comparison of self-report and administrative data.

BACKGROUND Studies have used insurer-reported compensable days absent as an outcome measure when studying work-related injury or illness. Compared to self-reported days absent, insurer data are less expensive to collect. Previous work has identified that insurer-claims data consistently underestimate the duration of days absent when compared to self-report. The objective of this study was to examine the agreement between the number of self-reported days absent from work following a compensable work-related injury and the number of insurer-reported compensation days paid, and to examine factors associated with the magnitude of the discrepancy between the number of self-reported days absent and the number of insurer-reported compensated days paid. METHODS One hundred sixty six respondents who experienced a work-related injury were interviewed approximately 200 days post-injury to assess the number of days absent from work. The number of days compensated by the insurer was compared to self-report using descriptive statistics and linear regression. RESULTS Respondents who had yet to experience a return-to-work (RTW) had the largest median discrepancy followed by respondents with an unsustained RTW and finally sustained RTW. Respondents with upper extremity injuries, lower education, and lower RTW self-efficacy showed greater discrepancy between self-reported and compensated days absent. Among respondents who self-reported fewer days absent than insurer-compensated days absent an inverse relationship between firm size and discrepancy was noted. CONCLUSIONS Researchers should be aware of the discrepancies between self-reported and compensated days absent. Future studies planning to incorporate days absent as an outcome variable should carefully consider what measure would be more appropriate and potentially collect both self-report and administrative data to assess the discrepancy.
Une approche incrémentale à base de processus coopératifs et adaptatifs pour la segmentation des images en niveaux de gris. (An incremental approach based on cooperative and adaptive processes for grey level image segmentation)

Un des objectifs de la vision par ordinateur consiste a extraire a partir d'un important volume de donnees brutes issues des images, celles qui s'avereront pertinentes pour une exploitation ulterieure. Les primitives extraites de l'image sont communement de type contour, correspondant a des zones de transition objectivement visibles, et de type region, correspondant a des regroupements de pixels de l'image avec des caracteristiques d'homogeneite communes. Une necessaire gestion de l'information est obtenue par la repartition de la tâche de segmentation au sein d'entites independantes, localisees de facon precise dans l'image, possedant chacune une primitive particuliere a segmenter de type contour ou region, et construisant ces objets de maniere incrementale, c'est-a-dire pixel par pixel. L'originalite de l'approche reside dans la cooperation instauree entre la construction des contours et des regions. Les deux types de segmenteurs fonctionnent conjointement a l'etiquetage des pixels de l'image, sous une forme pseudo-parallele, en tirant avantage de leurs atouts reciproques. Un detecteur de contour instancie de nouveaux detecteurs de regions de part et d'autre de son extremite en construction, afin de valider son existence, tandis qu'un detecteur de regions instancie des detecteurs de contours a sa frontiere, afin de borner son expansion. L'ensemble constitue un arbre d'entites de segmentation cooperantes, dependant chacune les unes des autres, par filiation. Une telle approche permet une forte adaptation locale, puisque chaque primitive est detectee par une instance d'un detecteur generique, pouvant modifier ses parametres internes independamment des autres instances. La cooperation est reelle, puisqu'elle est integree au mecanisme de decision. L'implantation d'un sequenceur de tâches anonymes, permet enfin de simuler le pseudo-parallelisme, et repose grandement sur des mecanismes classiques reserves generalement au domaine des systemes d'exploitation.
Determination of the Complex Permittivity of Vermiculite using a Microstrip Line

The way different materials react when submitted to microwave radiation depends strongly on its dielectric properties. Thus, in industrial processes that employ microwaves it is important to previously know the properties of the material to be processed in particular its dielectric characteristics. It is necessary to know the complex permittivity of the material in order to design a suitable cavity for processing, taken into account its dielectric characteristics. Another important factor to be considered is the variation of the AC conductivity, which is strongly influenced by the behavior of the charge carriers with frequency. In the present study, a microstrip line was used in the determination of the complex permittivity of vermiculite in frequencies ranging from 1.60 GHz to 2.00 GHz and at 2.45 GHz. The technique is based on the measured S-parameters, followed by a numerical determination through a MATLAB code based on the Nicolson - Ross - Weir non- iterative method. The method used in this research presented good accuracy and is very suitable for studies involving phyllosilicate minerals.
High density neuromorphic system with Mo/Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3 synapse and NbO2 IMT oscillator neuron

We report novel nanoscale synapse and neuron devices for ultra-high density neuromorphic system. By adopting a Mo electrode, the redox reaction at Mo/Pr0.7Ca0. 3MnO3 (PCMO) interface was controlled which in turn significantly improve synapse characteristics such as switching uniformity, disturbance, retention and multi-level data storage under identical pulse condition. Furthermore, The NbO2 based Insulator-Metal Transition (IMT) oscillator was developed for neuron application. Finally, we have experimentally confirmed the realization of pattern recognition with high accuracy using the 11k-bit Mo/PCMO synapse array and NbO2 oscillator neuron.