Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
We’re Still Failing to Deliver Open Access and Solve the Serials Crisis: To Succeed We Need a Digital Transformation of Scholarly Communication Using Internet-Era Principles

A year ago, I concluded that we had failed in our quest to make scholarship open access (OA): the race had been won by pirates like SciHub (Green, 2017). Twelve months on, how do things look? Key points: We’re still failing to deliver open access (OA): around a fifth of new articles will be born free in 2018, roughly the same as in 2017. Librarians, funders and negotiators are getting tougher with publishers but offsetting, ‘Publish and Read’, deals based on APCs won’t deliver OA for all or solve the serials crisis. The authors of Budapest, Bethesda and Berlin OA declarations foresaw three changes with the coming of the internet. Flipping to a barrier to publish (APCs) from a barrier to read (subscriptions) wasn’t one of them. By itself, OA won’t reduce costs to solve the serials crisis: a digital transformation of scholarly communications based on internet-era principles is needed. Following the internet-era principle of ‘fail-fast’, what if papers are first posted as preprints and only if they succeed in gaining attention will editors invite submission to their journal. In clinging onto traditional journals to advance the careers of the few (authors), OA is delayed for the many (readers): rebuilding the reputation economy to accept preprints could be the catalyst to deliver OA, solve the serials crisis and drive out predatory journals.
Spain as a Tourism Destination for British Residents: An Empirical Model for Visitors in Hotels

Since the United Kingdom has traditionally been one of the most important sources of tourism for Spain, an in-depth knowledge of the main determinants of the demand may be useful for policy-makers and agents of the industry. In this paper, a dynamic model is used to examine British demand for tourism in Spain. The proposed model is applied to a panel data set consisting of inbound British tourism in each of the 17 administrative regions (Autonomous Communities) for the ten-year period 1999-2008. The selected model provides us with the short- and long-run elasticities for the variables of interest. One of the most relevant results of the study is that long-run elasticities are always larger than their corresponding short-run elasticities. Tourists are more flexible in response to price and income changes in the long term than in the short run. Reasons such as habit persistence, adjustment costs, imperfect information, incorrect expectations and misinterpreted real price changes often prevent consumers from adjusting their consumption instantly to price and income changes. The results also indicate that the demand for tourism in Spain is a luxury for the British and highly dependent on the evolution of relative prices and cost of travel between the United Kingdom and the destination. These results suggest that diversification of promotion and provision of high-quality services are some recommended measures of tourism policy.
Regime Switching Model of US Crude Oil and Stock Market Prices: 1859 to 2013

This paper examines the relationship between US crude oil and stock market prices, using a Markov-Switching vector error-correction model and a monthly data set from 1859 to 2013. The sample covers the entire modern era of the petroleum industry, which typically begins with the first drilled oil well in Titusville, Pennsylvania in 1858. We estimate a two regime model that divides the sample into high- and low-volatility regimes based on the variance-covariance matrix of the oil and stock prices. We find that the high-volatility regime more frequently exists prior to the Great Depression and after the 1973 oil price shock caused by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. The low-volatility regime occurs more frequently when the oil markets fell largely under the control of the major international oil companies from the end of the Great Depression to the first oil price shock in 1973. Using the National Bureau of Economic research business cycle dates, we also find that the high-volatility regime more likely occurs when the economy experiences a recession.
The Impact of Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) on Economic Growth in Iran and Some Selected Countries

The starting point for achieving to high economic growth requires realizing factors affecting growth in question. A key factor for economic growth would be improving competiveness. Thus, this paper is investigating the impact of competiveness on economic growth for two groups of countries including Iran. Meanwhile we are stressing on Iranian case much more seriously. Our selected countries includes two high income and upper middle income ones for 2006- 2016 period. Some findings of this paper indicate that in addition to competiveness, there is a positive and significant relationship between labor force and physical capital on economic growth for both groups of countries. The impact of human capital and competitiveness on economic growth is significantly positive too. The impact of human capital and competitiveness are, however, higher in upper middle-income countries. Iranian competiveness circumstances, although better after applying, joint comprehensive plan of action, JCPA, is not in its desirable status yet. For, it lags behind its competitors among developing countries in the region.
Advertising Exposure and Investor Attention: Estimates from Super Bowl Commercials

Product advertising captures the attention not only of consumers but also of investors. Constructing a measure of local investment interest in stocks from Google searches and using the Super Bowl as an experiment, we study the effects of advertising expenses on investor attention. We find that the post-game Monday attention of investors in areas with high viewership increases significantly for both local and non-local companies that air commercials. Non-local firms with high advertising exposure in a region attract more interest than local firms with low exposure, suggesting that advertising has a stronger impact on investor attention than the local bias.
Psammic Procyclopina (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) from the coast of Brazil

Procyclopina polyarthra Herbst is redescribed and three new species, P. maricopeba, P. feiticeira and P. uguaipuku, are described from intertidal interstitial waters. Procyclopina is distinguished within the family by the enditic setation of the maxilliped 0,1,3,4, the 19‐segmented antennule, and three elements in the leg 5 exopod of the female. Procyclopina has its distribution restricted to the coast of Säo Paulo, Brazil. Procyclopina maricopeba sp. n. is distinguished from P. polyarthra by the three‐segmented leg 5 in the male and by the length: width ratio of the genital double somite in the female. Procyclopina feiticeira sp. n. is unique in the genus by lacking the inner seta on legs 14 exp‐I, and by the incomplete fusion of genital (seventh thoracic) and first abdominal somites in the female. Procyclopina uguaipuku sp. n. is characterized by the antennulary armature, by the caudal ramus (much longer than wide), and by the position of the proximal seta of the leg 4 enp‐2 which is set on a protuberance on the posterior face. Morphological characters of Procyclopina are compared with those of other cyclopinids.
α-Selenoconotoxins, a New Class of Potent α7 Neuronal Nicotinic Receptor Antagonists*

Disulfide bonds are important structural motifs that play an essential role in maintaining the conformational stability of many bioactive peptides. Of particular importance are the conotoxins, which selectively target a wide range of ion channels that are implicated in numerous disease states. Despite the enormous potential of conotoxins as therapeutics, their multiple disulfide bond frameworks are inherently unstable under reducing conditions. Reduction or scrambling by thiol-containing molecules such as glutathione or serum albumin in intracellular or extracellular environments such as blood plasma can decrease their effectiveness as drugs. To address this issue, we describe a new class of selenoconotoxins where cysteine residues are replaced by selenocysteine to form isosteric and nonreducible diselenide bonds. Three isoforms of α-conotoxin ImI were synthesized by t-butoxycarbonyl chemistry with systematic replacement of one ([Sec2,8]ImI or [Sec3,12]ImI), or both ([Sec2,3,8,12]ImI) disulfide bonds with a diselenide bond. Each analogue demonstrated remarkable stability to reduction or scrambling under a range of chemical and biological reducing conditions. Three-dimensional structural characterization by NMR and CD spectroscopy indicates conformational preferences that are very similar to those of native ImI, suggesting fully isomorphic structures. Additionally, full bioactivity was retained at the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, with each selenoanalogue exhibiting a dose-response curve that overlaps with wild-type ImI, thus further supporting an isomorphic structure. These results demonstrate that selenoconotoxins can be used as highly stable scaffolds for the design of new drugs.
The Effects of Prior Co-Investments on the Performance of VC Syndicates: A Relational Agency Perspective

This study provides a reconciliation of previous findings regarding the effects of prior co-investments among venture capitalists (VCs) and the performance of VC syndicates. We propose a relational agency framework outlining cost-benefit trade-offs associated with prior co-investments between VCs. A longitudinal study of 4,550 U.S. ventures receiving syndicated investments from 1980 to 2017 shows that there exists an inverted U-shaped relationship between the number of prior co-investments and a venture’s likelihood of a successful exit through initial public offering or merger and acquisition. We further find that the relationship between prior co-investments and syndicate performance is moderated by venture-specific and partner-specific risks.
Open Innovation and Service Management: Iranian Banks Case Study

The emergence of the open innovation paradigm in the innovation management environment shows that organizations require development and cooperation of foreign partners alongside their internal research and development, to guarantee their success of offering new products and services. The service economy is highly significant in the modern world, and innovation is a vital component in the success of a service organization. Therefore, this research examines the importance of service management in the banking industry and the effect of open innovation and its impact on the delivery of service packages. The statistical population used in this research includes staff of public and private banks in Tehran, Iran. Over 500 questionnaires were gathered from within the banking industry. To evaluate the validity, first and second order confirmative factor analysis was used and to determine reliability, α-cronbakh was used. Research hypothesizes been assessed using structural equation models and route analysis. Findings show service packages have a positive effect on open innovation and service management. Also, that open innovation has a positive impact on service management. These effects are more significant in private banks in comparison to public banks. Results also confirm Open innovation has the intermediating role in the relationship between banking Services Packages and service management. This result would be a useful tool to change executive management’s view of the service sector.
Phytochemical and antimicrobial analysis of callus extracts of Biophytum sensitivum (Linn) DC.

Aims: In vitro studies are highly instrumental in selecting a drug for a particular disease and also in getting the preliminary evidence to proceed for further In vivo pharmacological research. Hence, the study is designed to screen and identify the therapeutic suitability of this plant extract for the treatment of a particular disease. And to find out the presence of phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity of leaf callus cultures of Biophytum sensitivum Linn. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Botany and Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur 522510, India during June 2010 to Dec 2010. Methodology: Here we induced the callus from the leaf explants of this species on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with various concentrations of BA and NAA. BA 1.0 mg/l with NAA 1.0mg/l is the best concentration for optimal results. The callus was extracted sequentially with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol for Original Research Article British Microbiology Research Journal, 4(8): 869-884, 2014 870 24h by using Soxhlet apparatus. These extracts were used to investigate the presence of phytochemicals which was performed according to the Aiyelaagbe and Osamudiamen [29] and Egwaikhide et al. [30] methods. The mean values were statistically analyzed with the MINITAB 14 by the general one way (un stacked) analysis of variance (ANOVA) to find out the most effective extracts Results: The qualitative phytochemical analysis of various solvent extracts showed the presence of phytochemicals viz., Terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, quinones and phenols. All the extracts except hexane showed highest zone of inhibition against gram positive and gram negative bacteria (4.46-22.9mm) as well as fungi (7.64-144.4mm) by agar well diffusion method at 100ppm concentrations. The results of present study indicate that the callus of this plant is a potential source of antimicrobial agents and drugs and need to be investigated further. Conclusion: From the present study, it is evident that, the antibacterial active constituent of Biophytum sensitivum is having a constant expression pattern over different pathogens. This plant leaf callus can be further subjected to enhancement and isolation of the therapeutic antimicrobials and carry out further pharmacological evaluation.
Patent Acquisition, Investment, and Contracting

Numerous works have examined the finance-related implications of intellectual property that is generated internally or acquired through M&A activity. The transfer of intellectual property via the secondary market for patents has received less attention. This paper fills that gap by asking how patent acquisitions interact with firm investment policy. I find that patent acquirers subsequently invest in more R&D, increase internal patenting, and eventually make new investments in CAPX. Firms with more technological expertise and investment opportunities acquire more patents. Patent sales are the dominant type of contract and maximize investment incentives; patent licenses frequently contain royalties, which induce under-investment problems. Nevertheless, licensing can be explained in part by financial and strategic considerations. Licensing is more likely when buyers become financially constrained, when revenue can be shifted to low tax sellers, and when the buyer is a competitor acquiring rights to a valuable patent. Overall, these results suggest patent acquisitions are motivated by the pursuit of investment synergies, rather than innovation substitution, commercialization motives, or legal threats.
Fractional Integration v Structural Change: Testing the Convergence of CO2 Emissions

This paper assesses the stochastic convergence of relative CO<sub>2</sub> emissions within three different sets of countries over the period 1950-2013. Using the Local Whittle (LW) estimator and its variants we investigate whether relative per-capita CO<sub>2</sub> emissions are long memory processes which, although highly persistent, may revert to their mean/trend in the long run thereby indicating evidence of stochastic convergence. Furthermore, we test whether (possibly) slow convergence or the complete lack of it, may be the result of structural changes to the deterministics of each of the relative percapita CO<sub>2</sub> emissions series by means of the tests of Berkes et al. (2006) and Mayoral (2012). Our results show relatively weak support for stochastic convergence of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions among the three groups, indicating that only between 30% and 40% of the countries converge to each group-average in a stochastic sense. Our results also point toward the absence of structural changes.
An Empirical Investigation of Linkages between India and Major Asian Stock Markets

The paper attempts to understand the inter-linkages and causal relationships between the stock exchanges. This study covers Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE), Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HSE), Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchanges (NSE). To establish the relationship, the daily closing data of the stock indices such as the Nikkei in Japan, Hangseng in Hong Kong with that of NSE Nifty and BSE Sensex in India during the period March 2007 to August 2014 are used. The Granger-causality and Cointegration test were used to check the causal relationship. The study found that there is uni-directional short-term causal influence from Indian stock markets to the Japanese and Hong-Kong stock market while no long-term relationships are found between the Indian and Japanese market as well as with the Hong Kong market over the study period.
Time Varying Factors in the Performance of Corporate Bond Indices

We use a 3-factor Regime Switching Threshold model to study common factors in the excess returns of 18 European corporate bond indices during 2000-2014. Our results document significant time variation of the common factors across bond indices for different maturities, ratings and industries. The conditional response is particularly evident for the liquidity factor. We also compare models with different transition variables and identify key drivers of regime switches in the excess returns of sample bond indices. <br><br>
The Effect of Labor Market Shocks on Health: The Case of Russian Transition

During the first years of transition to market economy in Russia many people experienced the whole range of stressful labor market events, including job loss, wage cuts and non-payments; some people had to change occupation or take additional work. These events were caused externally by the unprecedented structural shifts in the economy. This natural experiment provides an opportunity to estimate the causal effect of various labor market shocks on individual health and health-related behaviors. Propensity score matching estimates using household survey data show that labor market shocks during the early transition had long-term negative effects on individual health. I also find an increased incidence of smoking and alcohol consumption as well as higher risk of the certain types of chronic health problems for the people affected by the labor market shocks.
Short Term Incentive Effects of a Reduction in the NOL Carryback Period

The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 (TRA 1997) reduced the net operating loss (NOL) carryback period from three to two years, thereby creating a short term incentive effect due to the increased opportunity cost of not recognizing a NOL in the transitional fiscal year of 1997. Specifically, failure to recognize a NOL in 1997 results in the loss of recovery of taxes paid in two prior tax years as opposed to the usual forgone recovery of taxes paid for a single tax year. In light of this higher opportunity cost, we examine whether these firms undertook income shifting to accelerate loss recognition in the tax year 1997. Our findings support this prediction. Compared to a control sample of loss firms, we find the NOL firms in the treatment year of 1997 display higher (lower) levels of income decreasing (increasing) earnings management. To further identify the incentive effect, we focus strictly on the NOL firms in the transition year. We find firms with higher incremental opportunity costs undertook greater income shifting to accelerate loss recognition. Among the treatment firms, we also identify firms for which income shifting to accelerate loss recognition is feasible (i.e., firms for which analysts expect future losses). We find a higher level of earnings management among these firms. Overall, our study highlights the influence of tax incentives on firm reporting behavior. While much of prior research focuses on tax effects arising from tax rate changes, we study how changes in tax law provisions can also create incentive effects which may not be readily apparent.
Estimate of the Ipswich Sparrow population on Sable Island, Nova Scotia, in 1998, using a random-transect survey design

The Ipswich Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis princeps ) population on Sable Island, Nova Scotia, has been designated as "vulnerable" by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). Previous surveys of this population during the nesting season have varied in coverage and the rigour of statistical- survey design. In 1998 we surveyed the population using a stratified random-transect design. Estimated total numbers (±SE) were obtained along with confidence intervals calculated using bootstrap methods. The precision of our survey estimates would permit detection of population differences on the order of 20%. Higher densities of birds were ob- served in areas with heath, grass (fescue), and beach grass and pea vegetation types than in areas with other vegetation types. However, densities within these favoured vegetation types were constant with increasing transect length, which appears to be contrary to patterns expected from using published models of the effects of breeding habitat patch size on bird population density. Topographical constraints characteristic of Sable Island may impose limits on the birds'
Selection for and Heritability of Stolon Characteristics in Two Cultivars of White Clover

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) herbage production in intensively grazed pasture is related to clover stolon growing point density. High stolon density is associated with small leaf size. The objective of this study was to examine the probability of breaking the genetically controlled link between leaf size and stolon density by manipulating internode length and branching propensity. Two white clover cultivars, Grasslands Tahora and Grasslands Kopu, were grown in two New Zealand environments, full sunlight or 50% sunlight (shade), during 1991 and 1992. Selections were made for high or low frequency of stolon branching, long or short stolon internodes, and large or small leaves. These selections were polycrossed within groups to give 24 lines. Lines were evaluated in pots grown outside to determine the effect of selection on these and other shoot characters. Selection of populations with high or low frequency of branching gave progeny with different frequency of branching for all cultivar-environment combinations except for selection within Tahora grown in shade. Selection of populations with long or short internode length gave progeny with different internode length in all cultivar-environment combinations. Selection for large and small leaflet width gave progeny with different leaflet width in all cultivar-environment combinations except for selection within Kopu grown in sun. Two estimates were made of narrow sense heritabilities. Estimates from mid-parent versus progeny regression heritabilities were higher for internode length and leaflet width than for frequency of branching. Realized heritabilities were again generally higher for internode length and leaflet width than for frequency of branching although there were some exceptions. Selection for high frequency of branching in Tahora grown in full sunlight had a high realized heritability. Stolon characters, such as internode length and frequency of branching, can be effectively manipulated by selection. The degree of selection success can be affected by environment and cultivar. Selection for variation in internode length is likely to be more successful than for frequency of branching.