Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the Immune Phenotypes of Bladder Cancer Patients for Precision Oncology

Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common urinary malignancy; however accurate diagnosis and prediction of recurrence after therapies remain elusive. This study aimed to develop a biosignature of immunotherapy-based responses using gene expression data. Publicly available BC datasets were collected, and machine learning (ML) approaches were applied to identify a novel biosignature to differentiate patient subgroups. Immune phenotyping of BC in the IMvigor210 dataset included three subtypes: inflamed, excluded, and desert immune. Immune phenotypes were analyzed with gene expressions using traditional but powerful classification methods such as random forests, Deep Neural Networks (DNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM) together with boosting and feature selection methods. Specifically, DNN yielded the highest area under the curve (AUC) with precision and recall (PR) curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for each phenotype (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}$0.711 \pm 0.092$\end{document} and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}$0.86 \pm 0.039$\end{document}, respectively) resulting in the identification of gene expression features useful for immune phenotype classification. Our results suggest significant potential to further develop and utilize machine learning algorithms for analysis of BC and its precaution. In conclusion, the findings from this study present a novel gene expression assay that can accurately discriminate BC patients from controls. Upon further validation in independent cohorts, this gene signature could be developed into a predictive test that can support clinical evaluation and patient care.
Structural Model of Napping Motivation Among Chinese College Students Based on Self-Rating: Evidence from an Exploratory Factor Analysis

Purpose Previous epidemiological and psychological studies have assessed the effects of napping on individual performance and health. However, these studies did not distinguish between spontaneous and passive napping due to sleep disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential motivation for napping among Chinese college students and to assess the relationship between different nap motivations and sleep. Patients and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at a university in Shanghai in March 2021 using convenience sampling. A total of 564 Chinese college students with self-reported napping habits participated in this study. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed to analyze 34 self-rated motivations for napping to derive a potential structural model of napping motivation. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the influence of nap motivation on sleep behavior. Results Chinese college students mainly take naps to reduce fatigue, usually in the form of frequent and long naps (6.25 ± 1.24 days; 64.62 ± 23.70 min). A structural model of nap motivation named the I-DREAM model was proposed, consisting of six factors: restorative, induced, mindful, appetitive, dysregulative, and exercise naps. There were also sex differences in nap motivation, as women preferred restorative naps and appetitive naps, while men preferred exercise naps (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between nap motivation on nap duration, frequency and nighttime sleep quality (R2= 2.70–18.9%). Conclusion The proposed I-DREAM model implies that there are population differences in napping motivation. Different motivations also have different relationships with napping patterns and nighttime sleep. In understanding the relationship between naps and health status, nap motivation may be an extremely important influencing factor.
Large-scale discovery of non-conventional peptides in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) through peptidogenomics

Abstract Non-conventional peptides (NCPs), which are peptides derived from previously unannotated coding sequences, play important biological roles in plants. In this study, we used peptidogenomic methods that integrated mass spectrometry (MS) peptidomics and a six-frame translation database to extensively identify NCPs in grape. In total, 188 and 2021 non-redundant peptides from the Arabidopsis thaliana and Vitis vinifera L. protein database at Ensembl/URGI and an individualized peptidogenomic database were identified. Unlike conventional peptides, these NCPs derived mainly from intergenic, intronic, upstream ORF, 5′UTR, 3′UTR, and downstream ORF regions. These results show that unannotated regions are translated more broadly than we thought. We also found that most NCPs were derived from regions related to phenotypic variations, LTR retrotransposons, and domestication selection, indicating that the NCPs have an important function in complex biological processes. We also found that the NCPs were developmentally specific and had transient and specific functions in grape berry development. In summary, our study is the first to extensively identify NCPs in grape. It demonstrated that there was a large amount of translation in the genome. These results lay a foundation for studying the functions of NCPs and also provide a reference for the discovery of new functional genes in grape.
Topologic Reorganization of White Matter Connectivity Networks in Early-Blind Adolescents

Blindness studies are important models for the comprehension of human brain development and reorganization, after visual deprivation early in life. To investigate the global and local topologic alterations and to identify specific reorganized neural patterns in early-blind adolescents (EBAs), we applied diffusion tensor tractography and graph theory to establish and analyze the white matter connectivity networks in 21 EBAs and 22 age- and sex-matched normal-sighted controls (NSCs). The network profiles were compared between the groups using a linear regression model, and the associations between clinical variables and network profiles were analyzed. Graph theory analysis revealed “small-world” attributes in the structural connection networks of both EBA and NSC cohorts. The EBA cohort exhibited significant lower network density and global and local efficiency, as well as significantly elevated shortest path length, compared to the NSC group. The network efficiencies were markedly reduced in the EBA cohort, with the largest alterations in the default-mode, visual, and limbic areas. Moreover, decreased regional efficiency and increased nodal path length in some visual and default-mode areas were strongly associated with the period of blindness in EBA cohort, suggesting that the function of these areas would gradually weaken in the early-blind brains. Additionally, the differences in hub distribution between the two groups were mainly within the occipital and frontal areas, suggesting that neural reorganization occurred in these brain regions after early visual deprivation during adolescence. This study revealed that the EBA brain structural network undergoes both convergent and divergent topologic reorganizations to circumvent early visual deprivation. Our research will add to the growing knowledge of underlying neural mechanisms that govern brain reorganization and development, under conditions of early visual deprivation.
Clinical Efficacy of Budesonide/Glycopyrronium Bromide/Formoterol in the Treatment of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Its Effect on Inflammatory Factors

Objective To examine the clinical efficacy of budesonide/glycopyrronium bromide/formoterol (Breztri Aerosphere) as an adjunct to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods A prospective study enrolled 120 patients with pulmonary endogenous ARDS admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine at the Fourth Hospital of Baotou from January 2017 to January 2020, and all enrollments were assigned (1 : 1) to receive conventional treatment (control group) or Breztri Aerosphere (study group). Results Breztri Aerosphere was associated with a significantly higher total efficacy versus conventional treatment. Breztri Aerosphere resulted in significantly lower acute physiology and chronic health evaluation scoring system (APACHE II) scores and Murray lung injury scores versus conventional treatment. Both groups saw an increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), and oxygen saturation (SaO2) after treatment, with higher levels seen in patients given Breztri Aerosphere. After treatment, systemic vascular resistance (SVR) in both groups rose markedly, with greater elevation witnessed in the study group. The patients given Breztri Aerosphere showed significantly lower levels of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MAPA), pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and procalcitonin (PCT) versus those receiving conventional treatment. The patients experienced shorter mechanical ventilation time and intensive care unit (ICU) time after treatment of Breztri Aerosphere versus conventional treatment. Conclusion Adjuvant therapy with Breztri Aerosphere in ARDS can significantly lower APACHE II scores and Murray lung injury scores, improve blood gas indexes and pulmonary circulation function indexes, and shorten mechanical ventilation time and ICU time, which may be attributed to its improvement of organism inflammation status and reduction of inflammatory factors.
Bidirectional genetic selection of behaviors involved in social interaction of Wistar rats

Bidirectional selection is a procedure in which an arbitrary characteristic is chosen as a selection criterion and animals exhibiting more of this characteristic are bred in one group and animals exhibiting less are bred in another group. The procedure is repeated along generations until the selected characteristic becomes stable, resulting in two strains that are opposite in relation to the chosen characteristic. The present study aimed at selectively breeding rats exhibiting either a high or a low tendency to socialize by using the proximity test. We tested male and female Wistar rats in a square open field with a communicating birdcage, separated by a grid, containing a co-specific rat and coupled on the outside. Subjects that remained more time in front of the birdcage, interacting with the co-specific rat were bred in a group considered of high sociability (SOC+). Likewise, subjects that remained little time in front of the birdcage, with little interaction with the co-specific rat, were bred in a second group considered of low sociability (SOC–). By the 10th generation, the bidirectional selection resulted in SOC+ rats that spent a large amount of time in front of the cage sniffing and rearing in interaction with the co-specific rat and spent less time in the corners, exploring and grooming. It also resulted in SOC– rats that spent a small amount of time in front of the cage sniffing and rearing in interaction with the co-specific rat and spent more time in the corners and used most of their time grooming.
NavX - NSR - A Novel Galileo/GPS Navigation Software Receiver

Dr. Gunter Heinrichs received a Dipl. -Ing. degree in Communications Engineering from the University of Applied Science Aachen in 1988, a Dipl. -Ing. degree in Data Processing Engineering and a Dr.-Ing. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University Paderborn in 1991 and 1995, respectively. In 1996 he joined the Satellite Navigation department of MAN Technologie AG in Augsburg, Germany, where he was responsible for system architectures and design, and digital signal and data processing of satellite navigation receiver systems. From 1999 to April 2002 he has served as the head and R&D manager of MAN Technologie’s satellite navigation department. In May 2002 he joined IFEN GmbH, Poing, Germany, where he is currently the head of business development and R&D management.
Small Area Estimation of Undernutrition under Age Five Children Based on Spatial-Temporal Models

The mean flow of direct survey estimates is mainly concerning the sample adequacy fulfillment unless it has been produced large variance estimates, and therefore, the small area estimations are developed to manage this flaw of the path. Small area estimation improved the direct survey estimates by borrowing strength from the census data and at the same time by using historical data from consecutive surveys. In this paper, we applied the spatiotemporal Fay–Herriot (STFH) model for producing fairly reliable disaggregate-level estimates of undernutrition indicators across all zones. The STFH model is an appropriately fitted model to the undernutrition data since it has the lowest information criteria (IC) value. The spatiotemporal estimates improved both the direct and spatial estimates of undernutrition under the FH model and have brought efficiency gain in the percent coefficient of variation (CV). These results may provide useful information to the government's planners, policymakers, and legislative organs for effective policy formulation and budget allocation in all zones.
Incidental chest findings on coronary CT angiography: a pictorial essay and management proposal

ABSTRACT Many health systems have been using coronary CT angiography (CCTA) as a first-line examination for ischaemic heart disease patients in various countries. The rising number of CCTA examinations has led to a significant increase in the number of reported incidental extracardiac findings, mainly in the chest. Pulmonary nodules are the most common incidental findings on CCTA scans, as there is a substantial overlap of risk factors between the population seeking to exclude ischaemic heart disease and those at risk of developing lung cancer (i.e., advanced age and smoking habits). However, most incidental findings are clinically insignificant and actively pursuing them could be cost-prohibitive and submit the patient to unnecessary and potentially harmful examinations. Furthermore, there is little consensus regarding when to report or actively exclude these findings and how to manage them, that is, when to trigger an alert or to immediately refer the patient to a pulmonologist, a thoracic surgeon or a multidisciplinary team. This pictorial essay discusses the current literature on this topic and is illustrated with a review of CCTA scans. We also propose a checklist organised by organ and system, recommending actions to raise awareness of pulmonologists, thoracic surgeons, cardiologists and radiologists regarding the most significant and actionable incidental findings on CCTA scans.
Identification of novel proteins in the Dictyostelium discoideum chemorepulsion pathway using REMI

Chemorepulsion, the biased migration of a cell away from a signal, is essential for many biological processes and the ability to manipulate chemorepulsion could lead to new therapeutics for a variety of diseases. However, little is known about eukaryotic cell chemorepulsion. Utilizing the model organism Dictyostelium discoideum, we previously identified an endogenous chemorepellent protein secreted by D. discoideum cells called AprA, and proteins involved in the AprA-induced chemorepulsion pathway including the G protein-coupled receptor GrlH, G beta and G protein alpha 8 protein subunits, protein kinase A, components of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), phospholipase A, PTEN and a PTEN-like phosphatase (CnrN), a retinoblastoma orthologue (RblA), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (Erk1), p-21 activated protein kinase D (PakD), and the Ras proteins RasC and RasG. In this report, we used a genetic screen to identify 17 additional proteins involved in the AprA-induced chemorepulsion pathway .
Population pharmacokinetics of omeprazole in obese and normal-weight adults

ABSTRACT Background Obesity is related to many pathophysiological changes that may result in altered drug disposition. Omeprazole is the most common option utilized for acid-related disorders ; however, the pharmacokinetic (PK) and dosing recommendations for the obese patient population are lacking. Methods Data from 40 healthy subjects with normal weights and data from 61 obese subjects were included. The subjects all received a single dose of 20 mg of omeprazole. Nonlinear mixed effects modeling were performed to characterize the effect of obesity on omeprazole PK. Results A one-compartment model with twelve transit absorption compartments and linear elimination described the data best. A lower clearance was observed in the obese patient population than in the normal-weight subjects. Moreover, the CYP2C19 genotype was identified as a significant covariate for clearance. Conclusion Given the potential adverse events related to high exposure to proton pump inhibitors over time, obese patients may require a lower dose of omeprazole for long-term treatment. Further studies in obese individuals into other drugs metabolized by CYP2C19 are warranted, especially those with a narrow therapeutic window. Clinical Trial Registration www.chictr. org.cn identifier is ChiCTR2100046578; www.chinadrugtrials. org.cn identifier is CTR20190175.
Analysis of water losses in two selected water distribution systems

The analysis of water losses should precede the decisions on repairing or modernizing a water network. Water balance and water losses indicators established by the International Water Association (IWA) standards can constitute the basis for the analysis. The methods recommended by IWA are gaining increasing popularity in many countries, including Poland. The aim of the paper is the analysis and comparison of water losses in two middle-sized water distribution systems during the period of 10 years. The compared networks are similar in respect to many parameters, including water intensity indicator value (circa 48 m 3 /d/km). Analyses were conducted on the basis of water losses indices recommended by IWA, such as Real Losses Level per connection per day ( RLL ), Non-Revenue Water Level ( NRWL ) and Infrastructure Leakage Index ( ILI ). The results indicated that water losses in both systems are lower than in the literature data for other similar networks.
A Pilot Study to Develop the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Audiology

Background: Health literacy describes an individuals' ability to maximize their potential in health care, including one's ability to understand information needed to make informed health decisions. A variety of general and condition-specific health literacy assessment tools have been created to help health professionals assess patients' health literacy skills and tailor the need for health care communication or education; however, there are no such tools available for the audiology field. Objective: The purpose of the study was to develop an objective reading recognition audiology-related health literacy assessment tool, the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Audiology (REALA). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study (N = 200). The initial version of the REALA contained 99 words specifically related to audiology. The final version, revised to have improved clinical utility, contained a total of 48 words that were selected based on item difficulty, item discrimination score, and point-biserial index using classical item analysis. Key Results: The total pass rate for the final version of the 48-word REALA was 0.72 (standard deviation = 0.45) and the Cronbach coefficient alpha was 0.93. Once the comprehension component is added to the tool, the REALA can be a valuable health literacy assessment tool that health professionals use to evaluate patients' audiology-related health literacy. Conclusion: Once the comprehension component is added to the tool, the REALA can be a valuable health literacy assessment tool that health professionals use to evaluate patients' audiology-related health literacy. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2022;6(2):e88–e95. ] Plain Language Summary: A health literacy assessment tool, the REALA, was developed in the study. The final version of REALA contained 48 words relative to hearing healthcare. The results suggested that REALA can help health professionals assess patients' hearing related health literacy and tailor the need for hearing health care communication or education.
DYNAMIC MODELLING OF FRICTION CLUTCHES AND APPLICATION OF THIS MODEL IN SIMULATION OF DRIVE SYSTEMS

Theoretical dynamic modelling of friction clutches and principles of application of this model at drive systems is presented in this paper. Provided that the friction clutch consists of two rigid shafts connected only by friction, we face with the problem simulation of drive systems. Drive systems have no unique dynamic model due to the fact that the model of the whole system on the transitional process of the engagement of the clutch is quite different from that when the driving and driven shafts are connected rigidly. So the task is to create an unique model and to present the principles of application of this model for drive systems.
Real-time marker-less tumor tracking with TOF PET: in silico feasibility study

Purpose. Although positron emission tomography (PET) can provide a functional image of static tumors for RT guidance, it’s conventionally very challenging for PET to track a moving tumor in real-time with a multiple frame/s sampling rate. In this study, we developed a novel method to enable PET based three-dimension (3D) real-time marker-less tumor tracking (RMTT) and demonstrated its feasibility with a simulation study. Methods. For each line-of-response (LOR) acquired, its positron-electron annihilation position is calculated based on the time difference between the two gamma interactions detected by the TOF PET detectors. The accumulation of these annihilation positions from data acquired within a single sampling frame forms a coarsely measured 3D distribution of positron-emitter radiotracer uptakes of the lung tumor and other organs and tissues (background). With clinically relevant tumor size and sufficient differential radiotracer uptake concentrations between the tumor and background, the high-uptake tumor can be differentiated from the surrounding low-uptake background in the measured distribution of radiotracer uptakes. With a volume-of-interest (VOI) that closely encloses the tumor, the count-weighted centroid of the annihilation positions within the VOI can be calculated as the tumor position. All these data processes can be conducted online. The feasibility of the new method was investigated with a simulated cardiac-torso digital phantom and stationary dual-panel TOF PET detectors to track a 28 mm diameter lung tumor with a 4:1 tumor-to-background 18FDG activity concentration ratio. Results. The initial study shows TOF PET based RMTT can achieve <2.0 mm tumor tracking accuracy with 5 frame s−1 sampling rate under the simulated conditions. In comparison, using reconstructed PET images to track a similar size tumor would require >30 s acquisition time to achieve the same tracking accuracy. Conclusion. With the demonstrated feasibility, the new method may enable TOF PET based RMTT for practical RT applications.