Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Power Management Strategy In Hybrid PV-FC And Wind- Power Generation Systems By Using Multi Input Single-Control (MISC) Battery

Global energy consumption is dramatically increasing due to higher standard of living and the increasing world population. The world has limited fossil and oil resources. As a consequence, the need for renewable energy sources becomes more urgent. With the fast development of renewable energy technology, it proposes increasing demand for the higher education. This paper proposes a unique standalone hybrid power generation system, applying advanced power control techniques, fed by four power sources: wind power, solar power, Fuel cell, and diesel engine generator, and which is controlled by Multi input Single-Control (MISC) Battery used for commercial power system. As per the characteristic of the source, the proposed converter works under various operating modes which are discussed in this paper. The concept is validated using a laboratory prototype for different operating scenarios with a solar panel as a master source working under MPPT.
Cost of Living Inequality during the Great Recession

We construct income-specific price indexes for the period from 2004 to 2016. We find substantial differences across income groups that arise during the Great Recession. The difference in annual inflation between the lowest quartile of the income distribution and the highest quartile was 0.22 percentage points for 2004–2007, 0.85 percentage points for 2008–2013, and 0.02 percentage points for 2014–2016. We find that product quality substitution and changes in the shopping behavior, margins mostly available to richer households, explain around 40% of the gap. Our evidence shows that not accounting for these differences in price indexes could lead to significant biases in the calculation of consumption and income inequality.
Facial Expression Recognition Using Stationary Wavelet Transform Features

Humans use facial expressions to convey personal feelings. Facial expressions need to be automatically recognized to design control and interactive applications. Feature extraction in an accurate manner is one of the key steps in automatic facial expression recognition system. Current frequency domain facial expression recognition systems have not fully utilized the facial elements and muscle movements for recognition. In this paper, stationary wavelet transform is used to extract features for facial expression recognition due to its good localization characteristics, in both spectral and spatial domains. More specifically a combination of horizontal and vertical subbands of stationary wavelet transform is used as these subbands contain muscle movement information for majority of the facial expressions. Feature dimensionality is further reduced by applying discrete cosine transform on these subbands. The selected features are then passed into feed forward neural network that is trained through back propagation algorithm. An average recognition rate of 98.83% and 96.61% is achieved for JAFFE and CK
Why Do Some Businesses Succeed Whilst Others Fail? Evidence from District Swat, KPK, Pakistan

This paper analyses the Critical Success Factors (CSF) and Critical Failure Factors (CFF) of Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) in district Swat of Khyber Pakhtunkhawa (KPK), Pakistan. The objective of the paper is to find out CSF and CFF that are vital for SMEs in district Swat for their success and failure. Only primary data has been collected for the study from the local markets of the district. The top three CSF are revealed out to be the attitude, knowledge and effective communication whilst, the top three CFF are found to be the shrinking financial resources, inability to adapt to changing environment and shrinking market. The government support as CSF proved to be the least affecting one. Interestingly the lease CFF’s have been reported as poor financial management and poor marketing. The paper not only contributes to the existing literature but also helps in improving the chances of becoming most successful as entrepreneurs in district Swat. The practical implementation of the CSF and CFF will contribute to the bottom line of the existing business in the area.
Perceived Control, Voluntariness and Emotional Reactions in Relocated Areas of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus

Excerpt] "The Chernobyl accident occurred at a time of considerable social and economic changes in the former Soviet Union. The contamination due to the accident still covers parts of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. Some areas were considered too contaminated to suit long-term human settlement and a considerable number of people were therefore moved from their homes and resettled in other areas. Resettlement policies often differed between the states. Some variations in state policy included the duration before implementation of the decision to resettle people from certain areas, the swiftness of the transition, and the acceptance of personal initiatives in the process. The policy of considering bonds between people who were to resettle also differed between states, and the social networks were more or less severely strained in the process. "
Structure of Manifolds with Positive Curvature Based on Geometric Analysis

The Gauss-Bonnet theorem and the Cohn-Vossen inequality show that the only complete surface with positive curvature is either the sphere, RP, or the plane. In higher dimension, the curvature tensor is far more complicated. There are several commonly used partial components of the curvature tensor that had been studied for the whole century. The simplest one is the scalar curvature which is the average of all curvatures at one point. It appeared in the Hilbert action for general relativity. This was studied extensively in connection with general relativity.
Geostatistical estimation of mineral resources with soft geological boundaries: a comparative study

Every mining project requires defining the mineral resources prior to mine design and planning. This definition is based on geological knowledge of the orebody and on sample information from an exploration drilling grid, usually with infill drilling in the areas to be extracted during the first years of the project. The first step in resources estimation is an exploratory analysis aimed at understanding the characteristics of the available data and at identifying homogeneous geological domains within the deposit, according to the spatial continuity of grades and to geological features such as lithology, mineralogy and alteration.1–4 Three problems arise during this process:
Interaction between electronic and vibrational edge states in graphene

A sheet of graphene in a magnetic field perpendicular to the sheet has electronic edge states with nonzero velocities. These edge states are localized to the edge of the sheet on the order of the magnetic length. In addition, there are also vibrational edge states — mechanical waves which propagate along the edge and decay exponentially into the bulk. These edge waves are analogous to the well-known surface acoustic waves in 3D systems; the edge being a 1D surface. This thesis considers a zigzag edge of a graphene sheet in a perpendicular magnetic field and investigates the interaction of in-plane vibrational edge waves with electronic edge states. It is found that propagation of low-amplitude vibrational edge waves is significantly blocked for certain acoustic wave vectors — those leading to resonant absorption due to electronic-acoustic interaction. For a finite gate voltage and a fixed acoustic frequency, tuning the magnetic field can bring the system through a number of such electronic resonances. Considering vibrational edge waves of larger amplitude, so that nonlinear effects become important, it is further demonstrated that the coupled system of electronic and acoustic equations has a family of solutions in which the mechanical displacement is in the shape of a localized and stable profile traveling along the edge — a soliton. This type of acoustic soliton can attain velocities significantly higher than the speed of sound.
Comparative seismic and petrographic crustal study between the Western and Eastern Sierras Pampeanas region (31°S)

RESUMEN. Estudio sismico y petrografico cortical comparativo entre las Sierras Pampeanas Occidentales y Orientales (31oS). Los antiguos bloques montanosos de las Sierras Pampeanas del centro-oeste argentino constituyen una region sismicamente activa en la zona andina de trasarco. Estos bloques de basamento cristalino afloran hasta 800 km al este de la trinchera oceanica sobre el segmento de subduccion horizontal. Mas de 40 sismos «sentidos», son reportados por ano para esta region. La distribucion de la sismicidad moderna e historica, muestra que las Sierras Pampeanas Occidentales experimentan mas sismos de mayor magnitud que las Sierras Pampeanas Orientales. Geologicamente, existen marcados contrastes en la composicion litologica y estructura del basamento en ambas regiones. Un estudio sismologico reciente indica que las Sierras Pampeanas occidentales son mas activas sismicamente que las orientales, con mecanismos focales inversos que alcanzan profundidades de hasta 25 km. Las Sierras Pampeanas orientales presentan mecanismos focales inversos y de desplazamiento de rumbo con profundidades focales < 10 km. Diferentes estructuras corticales de velocidades sismicas correspondientes a Vp 6.4 km/s, Vp/Vs ~1.80 y espesor 50 km y, Vp 6.0 km/s, Vp/Vs < 1.70 y espesor 30 km, representan a las Sierras Pampeanas occidentales y orientales, respectivamente. Estos resultados se correlacionan con la interpretacion de procedencias diferentes para los terrenos del basamento de las Sierras Pampeanas occidentales y orientales. Las Sierras Pampeanas occidentales exhiben propiedades sismicas caracteristicas de una corteza oceanica mafica-ultramafica de mayor espesor consistente con la formacion de un arco de islas y cuenca de trasarco. Las orientales muestran propiedades sismicas corticales consistentes con un mayor contenido de silice de las rocas y con un origen mas afin al de un terreno continental acrecionado. Palabras clave: Sierras Pampeanas, sismotectonica, corteza continental.
Classification bayésienne non paramétrique et non supervisée utilisant un critère entropique

We propose a novel approach to perform the unsupervised and non parametric clustering of n-D data upon a Bayesian framework. The iterative approach developed, called npsem, is derived from the Stochastic Expectation-Maximization (sem) algorithm, in which the parametric modelling of the mixture density is replaced by a non parametric modelling using local kernels, and the posterior probabilities account for the coherence of current clusters through the measure of class-conditional entropies. Applications of this method to synthetic data and real data are presented. The npsem is compared with other recent unsupervised approaches, and we show that our method achieves a reliable estimation of the number of clusters with slightly better rates of correct classification in average.
Causes and pathways of land change in Southern Africa during the past 300 years. Moving from simplification to generality and complexity

Zusammenfassung. Ursachenund Verlaufsanalyse von terrestrischem Wandel im sudlichen Afrika (1700-1990). Generalisie rung und Komplexitat statt Vereinfachung Die bahnbrechende Modellierung gekoppelter Mensch-Umwelt-Systeme leidet unter dem Mangel an einer systematisch er stellten und leicht verfugbaren Dokumentation von Trajektorien terrestrischen Wandels, die auch quantitative Informationen bereithalt iiber das zugrundeliegende Verursachungsmuster. Fiir die Gesamtregion des siidlichen Afrika werden, am Beispiel der Ackerund Weidelandausweitung, jiingste und weitgehend kompatible Ergebnisse zweier Schatzwertrechnungen vorge stellt (1700-1990). Es wird gezeigt, dass allzu vereinfachende, aber populare Darstellungen der Verursachungsmusters von Landnutzungsveranderung (,Mythen') durch qualitative Trajektorien er setzt werden konnen, die sich aus einer Vielzahl von empirischen Belegen speisen. An etlichen Fallbeispielen ausgewahlter Veranderungsprozesse (Entwaldung, Waldund Boden degradierung, ,Desertifikation') werden meta-analytisch (semiquantitative Daten erzeugt. Es wird gezeigt, dass der Inter pretationsrahmen von direkten Kausalfaktoren (z.B. Ausweitung des Tabakanbaus) versus zugrundeliegender Verursachung (z.B. Marktdynamik, Politikentscheidungen, Bevolkerungsdynamik) hilfreich und notwendig, aber nicht ausreichend ist. Eine systematische Bestandsaufnahme des robusten Ursache-Wirkungszusammenhangs von Landnutzungsveranderungen sollte dariiber hinaus auch systemische Eigenheiten (z.B. Feedbacks) und Elemente der Vulnerabilitatsanalyse (z.B. Widerstands oder Adapationsfahigkeit) enthalten.
Mangrove Utilisation and Implications for Participatory Forest Management, South Africa

South African rural coastal communities have utilised mangrove products for generations. However, the factors determining use are poorly understood and utilisation is rarely acknowledged in natural resource management. Since the post-apartheid government came to power in 1994, there has been a paradigm shift in government forest policy, and Participatory Forest Management (PFM) has been selected to implement these changes. This study was initiated to determine the utilisation of mangrove products, locally available alternatives and the implications for PFM. Combinations of methods were employed, including a participatory walk, group discussions, observation and semi-structured interviews. The main use of mangroves was for construction of buildings, with Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Rhizophora mucronata being preferred. Diameters of stems selected for construction were approximately between 5-7 cm for poles and 2-3 cm for laths. Indigenous and exotic woods, and mud and sand blocks were also used for construction of buildings. PFM should include a plan for the sustainable utilisation of man­groves. The plan should be guided by national legislation and address the biology of the mangrove spe­cies. The plan should include livelihood issues and should in the long term promote the use of alternative construction materials to mangroves, and should enhance the non-consumptive value of the mangrove ecosystem.
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and distributed generations in power systems: Effects and penetration level studies

Major part of this master thesis deals with impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) on the power system. First a brief review of the technical challenges in the power system due to mass introduction of the PHEVs in the transmission sector is given. Then the Master thesis shows on an analysis of the overloading effects of PHEVs on the distribution system with normal charging and quick charging of PHEVs for an IEEE 13-node distribution test system using power flow analysis. The results of the study on the IEEE 13-node distribution test system show that introduction of PHEVs in the transportation sector will lead to overloading of distribution system and cause voltage problems at the end-users. Then the impact of PHEVs is tested on a real distribution network in Gothenburg. Two areas have been selected one commercial and one residential area. In the 400 V network, there is a few numbers of overloaded line due to PHEVs charging while the under voltage effect on the end users is negligible providing that voltage of main busbar set higher than 1 pu which is the real case. In the real sample 10 kV network in the Gothenburg, where, there are number of 10 to 0.4 kV substations that are supplying vehicles with required charging power besides their regular daily load, over loading of line is observed at peak load. Then maximum possible vehicles that can be charged without any violations in a reliable manner is calculated both for residential and commercial areas. The Master thesis also analyzes the effects of PHEVs in the transmission system, using one test transmission network (10-Bus transmission system) and the Nordic 32-bus test system. The study results show that the overloading problem is not prominent. Introduction specific penetration of vehicles leads to under voltage in the 10-Bus transmission test system, while one interesting and important result happens in the Nordic 32-bus test system and that is PHEVs may lead to over voltages in some buses in the transmission system which requires the voltage control measures. PHEVs would also lead to increased number of network violations in the contingency analysis. The Master thesis also analyzes maximization of the DGs penetration in the existing distribution networks. First a brief review of voltage rise effect in the networks equipped with DGs is given. Then this effect is simulated on the modified IEEE 13-Nodes test system and finally one nonlinear programming with GAMS is presented to maximize DGs penetration in the lightly load distribution network with Power curtailment as a solution to mitigate over voltage.
Impact Analysis of Taung Irrigation Scheme on Household Welfare among Farmers in North-west Province, South Africa

Abstract The study examines the impact of Taung irrigation scheme on the household welfare among farmers in the North West Province. Irrigation farming is one of the most important rural development investment strategies that can have both direct and indirect impact on poverty and food security. The sampling frame of the study consists of 137 farmers and a sample of sixty farmers was selected for the study. The relationship between the household welfare and the independent variables were estimated using an ordinary least square regression estimation procedure. The dependent variable used to capture household welfare is per capita expenditure. Per capita expenditure is used as a proxy for per capita income and employed as a measure of welfare. The results of the multiple regression analysis shows that the independent variables relate significantly to knowledge levels of the extension officers with an (=2.25, p<.05) an R (.67). The significant determinants of household welfare amongst farmers were age (t=1.78), gender (t=1.76), educational level (t=2.48), household head type (t=1.87), access to natural capital (t=-1.95) and socio-economic status (t=2.47).
The Hedging Performance of Treasury Futures

This study investigates the optimal timing for hedging in government securities spot markets utilizing treasury futures contracts. Since the effectiveness of minimum risk hedge ratios may differ under various market conditions, the optimum size of futures positions can be analyzed for periods of rising and falling interest rates. The results show generally hedging with the front month futures provides a better hedge than any other subset of time-to-delivery for treasury futures contracts. INTRODUCTION Implementations of tapering of the Federal Reserve's $85 billion-a-month bond buying program (known as QE) have wrecked a havoc in the credit markets last few quarters. Exposed investors big and small have suffered painful losses and licked wounds pining for their needed protections. In this study, we examine the effectiveness of treasury securities futures as a hedge vehicle against volatile interest rate markets. Because of its depth, treasury securities futures can be utilized as a hedging tool against any number of interest products. For example, even the new bonds ETFs known as "zero duration" or "negative duration" ETFs "short" treasury futures to counterbalance losses when rates rise. Usually, as uncertainties in the economies increase, the volatilities of debt instruments increase sometimes dramatically. Let's take an example of MF Global. Aside from the legality of using the customers' account balances for the margin money, the failure of this firm can also be attributed to imperfect or even no hedging in the volatile interest derivative markets when it loaded up Italian debts. However, MF Global collapse did not end merely with its own demise. The impact of its failure reverberated throughout the whole futures industry, albeit smaller than that of 2008 crisis, shaking the foundation of the faith in the market it is based on. Reviewing financial statements that incorporate unfamiliar assets and leverage, whose characteristics include high volatility, may be too complex for routine traders where suggestions are made based primarily on the grounds of historic norms. In volatile markets, top decision makers should steer the course of companies based on "anything can happen" mentality rather than wishful thinking that the worst case scenario may not happen this particular time. If that is the right approach, they will know that they have to be protected all the time, not just some given times. The best vehicles to protect the investments on any types of interest products can be found in the Treasury bonds and Treasury notes futures. As for the government securities, there are several types of products based on the maturities. Treasury bonds pay a fixed rate of interest every six months until they mature. They are issued in a term of 30 years. Treasury bills, or T-bills, are sold in terms ranging from a few days to 52 weeks. Treasury notes, or T-Notes, earn a fixed rate of interest every six months until maturity. Notes are issued in terms of 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10 years. Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities, or TIPS, provide protection against
WALKING PLANNING FOR BIPED ROBOT HUBOT-1

In this paper, an offline trajectory generation is applied to biped robot HUBOT-1. The parameters with constraints for foot motions are formulated. The hip and ankle trajectories are planned. Different foot motions are produced, and the motion which satisfies stable constraints is chosen for deriving the joint actuators. The simulation is given to show the possibility of the planning method. Tóm tắt. Trong bài báo này, phu.o. ng pháp hoa.ch di.nh quỹ da.o offline du.o. c ú. ng du.ng vào robot hai chân HUBOT-1. Các thông số cu’a robot vó. i các diè̂u kiê. n ràng buô. c du.o. c su. ’ du.ng dê’ hoa.ch di.nh quỹ da.o di chuyê’n cu’a bàn chân và hông. Tù. quỹ da.o này các da.ng di chuyê’n bu. ́o.c di khác nhau cu’a robot du.o. c ta.o ra và các chuyê’n dô. ng này thõa mãn diè̂u kiê. n cân bằng ZMP du.o. c cho.n. Các kết qua’ này du.o. c su. ’ du.ng dê’ t́ınh toán dô. ng co. su. ’ du.ng. Mô pho’ng cho thấy kha’ năng ú. ng du.ng cu’a phu.o. ng pháp này trên robot thâ. t.
TRNSYS modeling of a 100 MWE hybrid combined cycle concentrating solar power plant

This paper presents results of thermodynamic and cost modelling of a 100MWE Hybrid Concentrating Solar Power Plant with thermal storage, situated in the Upington area of South Africa. Several control strategies are explored and their effect on the levelized cost of electricity noted. The availability of storage allows us to fine tune our output power to match demand patterns, and to optimize economy. A levelized cost of electricity in the region of 0.09 € /kWh was calculated for the hybrid plant, at an annual solar fraction of 46%.
Changes in ground-level PM mass concentration and column aerosol optical depth over East Asia during 2004-2014

································································ i TABLE OF CONTENTS ··············································· iii LIST OF TABLES ························································ v LIST OF FIGURES ······················································ vi CHAPTER
Yield Curve Modelling with Skews and Stochastic Volatility

This paper discusses a variety of techniques for modeling the evolution of interest rates in the presence of stochastic volatily. We cover both Libor Market models and low-dimensional Markovian HJM models. To facilitate model calibration, special emphasis is put on efficient pricing of plain -vanilla instruments. Effects of stochastic volatility on CMS structures as well as Bermudan swaptions are discussed.