Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Random discontinuous space vector modulation for variable speed drives

The recent advances in Digital Signal Processor technology has made cheap implementation of SVM possible. SVM has gained wide acceptance due to the many advantages it off ers compared to conventional PWM methods. In this paper Random PWM (RPWM) and Discontinuous PWM (DPWM) techniques would be extended to SVM to increase the inverter efficiency while reducing Electromagnetic Interference caused by the switching harmonics. A discontinuous SVM scheme with the capacity to auto-adjust to the load characteristics to optimize the inverter performance, decrease the thermal stress on the power switches, regulate the temperature imbalance amongst the inverter legs hence increase the lif e expectancy of the system.
Climate Change Policy Formation in Michigan

Like 30 other states in the U.S., Michigan recently began addressing the problem of climate change through comprehensive mitigation action planning. The Michigan climate initiative involved combining a stepwise, fact-based, stakeholder decision process and technical analyses to formulate a consensus-based climate action plan. This paper reports on the results of work conducted by policy analysts and facilitators of the policy-making process in response to state government and stakeholder decisions on three key aspects. First is the choice of policy actions used to establish a comprehensive portfolio of actions and economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) goals and targets. Second is the design of policy instruments to use to implement these specific GHG mitigation actions. Third is the decision on whether the state should pursue its target for net GHG reduction through sector based policies and measures, a regional cap and trade program, or both combined. We summarize the results of applying a formal model for analyzing the implications of alternative environmental policies and instruments. The model was applied to data on the financial costs/savings and applicability of a spectrum of GHG reduction options developed by a consensus of stakeholders from all segments of the Michigan population. We conclude that a combination of sector-based measures and market incentive-based policies could attain a low cost, high co-benefit solution if Michigan joined with other Midwestern States in developing the cap and trade aspect of its climate action plan.
Mean-square stability of the Euler–Maruyama method for stochastic differential delay equations with jumps

This paper deals with the mean-square (MS) stability of the Euler–Maruyama method for stochastic differential delay equations (SDDEs) with jumps. First, the definition of the MS-stability of numerical methods for SDDEs with jumps is established, and then the sufficient condition of the MS-stability of the Euler–Maruyama method for SDDEs with jumps is derived, finally a class scalar test equation is simulated and the numerical experiments verify the results obtained from theory.
Stable compliance control and its implementation for a 6 DOF manipulator

The authors propose and analyze a method for position-based compliance control with position gain control. It is shown that, for a stiff manipulator, the stable regions of desired compliance are extended by adjusting the internal position feedback gain to a level suitable to the desired compliance. The stable regions in an infinitely stiff environment for various position feedback gains are also described. This position-gain control method was implemented in a compliance-controller consisting of a few microprocessors and a 2-MFLOPS (million floating-point operations per second) floating-point processor. It can control the compliance of an industrial manipulator with six degrees of freedom at a frequency of 500 Hz. As a result of an experiment in which the manipulator under the compliance control was in contact with an infinitely stiff object, it was confirmed that the motion of the manipulator was stable when the compliance parameters were within the theoretically stable region. <<ETX>>
Quantitative Real-Time PCR for Porphyromonas gingivalis and Total Bacteria SHARON

Accurate quantitation of the number of cells of individual bacterial species in dental plaque samples is needed for understanding the bacterial etiology of periodontitis. Real-time PCR offers a sensitive, efficient, and reliable approach to quantitation. Using the TaqMan system we were able to determine both the amount of Porphyromonas gingivalis and the total number of bacterial cells present in plaque samples. Using speciesspecific primers and a fluorescent probe, detection of DNA from serial dilutions of P. gingivalis cells was linear over a large range of DNA concentrations (correlation coefficient 5 0.96). No difference was observed between P. gingivalis DNA alone and the same DNA mixed with DNA isolated from dental plaque, indicating that P. gingivalis levels can be determined accurately from clinical samples. The total number of cells of all bacterial species was determined using universal primers and a fluorescent probe. Standard curves using four different bacterial species gave similar results (correlation coefficient 5 0.86). Levels of both P. gingivalis and total bacteria were determined from a series of human plaque samples. High levels of P. gingivalis were observed in several of the samples from subjects with periodontitis and none of those from healthy subjects. Real-time quantitative PCR provided a sensitive and reliable method for quantitating P. gingivalis. In addition, it allowed the determination of the total number of bacterial cells present in a complex sample so that the percentage of P. gingivalis cells could be determined.
Survival of hepatitis A virus on human hands and its transfer on contact with animate and inanimate surfaces

The survival of hepatitis A virus (HAV; strain HM175) on the hands of five volunteers was determined by depositing 10 microliters of fecally suspended virus on each fingerpad and eluting the inoculum after 0, 20, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min. The amount of virus recovered from each fingerpad at 0 min was approximately 6.0 x 10(4) PFU. At the end of 4 h, 16 to 30% of the initially recoverable virus remained detectable on the fingerpads. HAV inocula (10 microliters; approximately 1.0 x 10(4) PFU) placed on fingerpads or 1-cm-diameter metal disks were used to determine virus transfer to clean surfaces upon a 10-s contact at a pressure of nearly 0.2 kg/cm2. When the inoculum was dried for 20 min, virus transfer from fingerpad to fingerpad, fingerpad to disk, and disk to fingerpad ranged from 2,667 to 3,484 PFU, while 0 to 50 PFU could be transferred after 4 h of drying. Elevation of the contact pressure alone from 0.2 to 1.0 kg/cm2 resulted in an approximately threefold increase in the amount of virus transferred. Incorporation of friction (10 half turns of the finger during 10 s of contact) with the low and high levels of pressure gave two- and threefold increases in the PFU of virus transferred, respectively. Pressure and friction were found to significantly affect HAV transfer (F = 33.98; P less than 0.05), irrespective of the mode of transfer used. No statistically significant interaction was observed between mode of transfer and pressure or friction. The findings of this quantitative study suggest that human hands may play an important role in the direct as well as the indirect spread of HAV.
Screening for psychiatric disorder in general practice

Synopsis The extent of psychiatric morbidity was investigated in a consecutive series of patients attending a south London general practitioner. The GP identified a psychiatric component in the reason for consultation in 40% of the sample, and he regarded 24% as ‘psychiatric cases’. The estimated true prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in the sample was 34%. These data are used as the basis for a theoretical discussion of prescriptive screening strategies for psychiatric disorder in general practice.
Hybridoma cell agglutination as a novel test to detect circulating antigen of Schistosoma japonicum

We developed a serodiagnostic test which is based on the agglutination of hybridoma cells. In the presence of specific antigen, agglutination of the fixed and stained cells occurs and can be visualized in analogy to traditional erythrocyte agglutination. The procedures were developed with a murine cell line producing a monoclonal antibody against a schistosome gut protein and sera of patients and mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum. This test is capable of detecting circulating antigen during pre‐patency in mice infected with 50 cercariae. Its sensitivity was high with acute schistosomiasis japonica (97%, n = 32) and moderate with chronic cases (75%, n = 57). No positive reactions were obtained with healthy persons (n = 78) or patients infected with other parasites (Chlonorchis sinensis, n = 20; Paragonimus westermani, n = 20; Plasmodium vivax, n = 10) or suffering from lupus erythomatodus (n = 5) or mononucleosis (n = 10).
Nonparametric estimation for dependent data

In this paper, we consider nonparametric estimation for dependent data, where the observations do not necessarily come from a linear process. We study density estimation and also discuss associated problems in nonparametric regression, using the 2-mixing dependence measure. We compare the results under the 2-mixing with those derived under the assumption that the process is linear.
A novel frequency pattern enhancement technique based on capacitively coupled microstrip line feed

A novel parallel-coupled microstrip feed line is proposed. The feed relies on the capacitance contribution arising from the capacitances occurring at adjacent split sections in order to lower the high intrinsic input impedance common to microstrip patch antennas. It is expected that the capacitance contribution will enhance the frequency pattern of the microstrip passive and thus overcome the narrow bandwidth tendency of the traditional patch. The novel feed has demonstrated enhanced impedance bandwidth, and the results have been validated theoretically, numerically and by measurement.
An Overview of Modeling Approaches Applied to Aggregation-Based Fleet Management and Integration of Plug-in Electric Vehicles †

The design and implementation of management policies for plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) need to be supported by a holistic understanding of the functional processes, their complex interactions, and their response to various changes. Models developed to represent different functional processes and systems are seen as useful tools to support the related studies for different stakeholders in a tangible way. This paper presents an overview of modeling approaches applied to support aggregation-based management and integration of PEVs from the perspective of fleet operators and grid operators, respectively. We start by explaining a structured modeling approach, i.e., a flexible combination of process models and system models, applied to different management and integration studies. A state-of-the-art overview of modeling approaches applied to represent several key processes, such as charging management, and key systems, such as the PEV fleet, is then presented, along with a detailed description of different approaches. Finally, we discuss several considerations that need to be well understood during the modeling process in order to assist modelers and model users in the appropriate decisions of using existing, or developing their own, solutions for further applications.
Estimation of Joule heating effect on temperature and pressure distribution in electrokinetic‐driven microchannel flows

In this study we present simple analytical models that predict the temperature and pressure variations in electrokinetic‐driven microchannel flow under the Joule heating effect. For temperature prediction, a simple model shows that the temperature is related to the Joule heating parameter, autothermal Joule heating parameter, external cooling parameter, Peclet number, and the channel length to channel hydraulic diameter ratio. The simple model overpredicted the thermally developed temperature compared with the full numerical simulation, but in good agreement with the experimental measurements. The factors that affect the external cooling parameters, such as the heat transfer coefficient, channel configuration, and channel material are also examined based on this simple model. Based on the mass conservation, a simple model is developed that predicts the pressure variations, including the temperature effect. An adverse pressure gradient is required to satisfy the mass conservation requirement. The temperature effect on the pressure gradient is via the temperature‐dependent fluid viscosity and electroosmotic velocity.
Comparative Study of Local SAD and Dynamic Programming for Stereo Processing Using Dedicated Hardware

The processing results of two stereo accelerators implemented in reconfigurable hardware are presented. The first system implements a local method to find correspondences, the sum of absolute differences, while the second uses a global approach based on dynamic programming. The basic design principles of the two systems are presented and the systems are tested using a multitude of reference test benches. The resulting disparity maps are compared in terms of rms error and percentage of bad matches, using both textured and textureless image areas. A stereo head is developed and used with the accelerators, testing their ability in a real-world experiment of map reconstruction in real-time. It is shown that the DP-based accelerator produces the best results in almost all cases and has advantages over traditional hardware implementations based on local SAD correlation.
Occurrence and antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella serovars isolated from turkey carcasses and giblets in Meknès-Morocco

The present study was conducted to determine the Salmonella prevalence, the plasmids, the serotypes involved and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella isolates recovered from the raw meat of the turkey in various outlets in Meknes. Between October 2011 and October 2012, a total of 192 samples of turkey meat (included 48 breasts, 48 legs, 48 gizzards and 48 livers) were collected every ten days from retail outlets in Meknès. Among these, 48 were from popular market, 48 from artisanal slaughterhouses, 48 from poulterers’ shops and 48 from a supermarket at Meknes, Morocco. Of the total of 192 samples examined, 24.5% were contaminated with Salmonella. Out of the total 48 samples analysed from popular market, 40.42% proved to be Salmonella positive whereas from 48 samples obtained from traditional slaughterhouses and 48 from poulterers’shops 29.87 and 17% contained Salmonella, respectively. The sizes of the plasmids obtained ranged from 1.8 to 100 kb. All Salmonella isolates were tested for their susceptibility to 13 selected antimicrobial agents by the agar diffusion method. The highest percentage of resistance was found to the following antimicrobial agents: Bacitracin (97.8%), amoxicillin (61.7%), streptomycin (44.6%), triméthoprime (34%), nalidixic acid and colistin (19.1%), ciprofloxacin (17%). On the other hand, 97.8% of isolates were found to be resistant to one or more of the antibiotics tested. Only one strain (S. Agona), the resistance profile (amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, bacitracin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, céftriaxone, colistine) is an ESBL with a minimum inhibitory concentration for ceftriaxone 16 μg/ml.
February 24 , 2010 1 A Note on POD Issues

We start with POD issues. The main point is that whether POD works or not depends on what we want to see from the data. If the objective is to find variables that explains the major variation in the data, POD is the right tool to use, and by doing so we find the underlying sub-space containing the data; if, on the other hand, we try to capture how the data changes along the parameters (or in our case, how the curves changes along the motor design variables), then regression methods will do a better job. To put it in another way, while we treat a curve as a point in the space spanned by discretized meshes (coefficient space) 1, and thus the set of curves varied by some parameters as a manifold in the same space, POD essentially finds the sub-space that the manifold lies in rather than the manifold itself. To better illustrate this, we give an example. Let the set of functions be
Progressive heterogeneity of myocardial perfusion in heart transplant recipients detected by thallium-201 myocardial SPECT.

UNLABELLED Progressive graft atherosclerosis is a serious complication in long-term survivors after heart transplantation. Coronary angiography is insensitive with regard to the early and characteristic alterations. We evaluated the progression of these abnormalities and the influence of former rejection episodes. METHODS Early after transplantation, 43 patients (34 men, mean age 53.7 +/- 10.7 yr) underwent stress and redistribution 201Tl myocardial SPECT after treadmill exercise. Twenty patients were followed-up to the second postoperative year, and 13 patients to the third postoperative year. Thallium-201 distribution and kinetic abnormalities were documented in a scheme enclosing 20 myocardial segments. Additionally, a score was developed that measured the degree of inhomogeneity of 201Tl distribution and the severity of perfusion defects, respectively. RESULTS Regarding scintigraphy, pathologic results could be found in 40% of segments (redistribution, 25%; reverse redistribution, 30%; persistent defects, 49%). Score values in heart transplant recipients differed significantly from normal controls (p < 0.001) and were comparable to patients with single vessel disease of their native hearts. Thallium-201 inhomogeneity in recipients after treatable rejection episodes did not differ from results in recipients without any biopsy-proven rejection. The follow-up of cardiac transplant patients revealed a significant increase of score values up to the third year after transplantation (p < 0.02), despite reproducible normal angiography. There was no direct correlation between score values and IVUS results, although there was a parallel trend in 10 of 12 follow-ups. CONCLUSION Despite normal coronary angiography, 201Tl myocardial SPECT frequently revealed pathologic results in heart transplant recipients. Scintigraphic results did not correlate with intimal thickening of epicardial coronary arteries accessible to intravascular ultrasonography in the early phase after transplantation. The presented score of inhomogeneity might reveal progressive disease possibly caused by small vessel alterations.
Risks and benefits of clopidogrel–aspirin in minor stroke or TIA

Objective: To investigate the short-term time course risks and benefits of clopidogrel with aspirin in minor ischemic stroke or TIA. Methods: Data were derived from the Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients with Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events (CHANCE) trial. The primary outcome was a new ischemic stroke. Safety outcomes included any bleeding and moderate to severe bleeding. Time course analyses were performed for the outcomes of both stroke and bleeding. Results: A total of 145 (71.1%), 13 (6.4%), and 12 (5.9%) of 204 new ischemic strokes in the clopidogrel–aspirin group vs 223 (75.6%), 19 (6.4%), and 8 (2.7%) of 295 in the aspirin alone group occurred at the first, second, and third week, respectively. A total of 23 (38.3%), 15 (25.0%), and 9 (15.0%) of 60 bleeding cases in the clopidogrel–aspirin group vs 15 (36.6%), 8 (19.5%), and 3 (7.3%) of 41 in the aspirin alone group occurred at the first, second, and third week, respectively. Clopidogrel–aspirin treatment numerically reduced the risk of ischemic stroke within the first 2 weeks. From the 10th day, the number of any bleeding cases caused by dual antiplatelets outweighed that of new stroke reduced by dual antiplatelets. Conclusions: Clopidogrel–aspirin treatment may have a benefit of reducing stroke risk outweighing the potential risk of increased bleeding especially within the first 2 weeks compared with aspirin alone in patients with minor stroke or TIA. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00979589. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class II evidence that for patients with minor stroke or TIA, the reduction of stroke risk from clopidogrel plus aspirin within the first 2 weeks outweighs the risk of bleeding compared with aspirin alone.
A survey on urinary tract infections associated with the three most common uropathogenic bacteria.

OBJECTIVES The most common uropathogenic Gram negative bacteria are Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The purpose of this study was to determine the three most frequent bacterial agents causing Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) in patients who referred to Central Laboratory of Dr. Shariati Hospital, during 2 years (January 2006- December 2007). MATERIALS AND METHODS The registered data were checked and collected by the questionnaires as a retrospective epidemiological survey. Then, the Chi Square tests were performed by SPSS software. OUTCOMES The results of the present survey revealed that, the first two bacterial agents in different seasons were similar through the surveillance while the third one was variable. The first two frequent bacteria were respectively, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. CONCLUSION The gram negative bacteria of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common uropathogenic bacteria causing UTI. According to the statistical calculations, there was significant association between UTI caused by Escherichia coli and female gender (p<0.05).
A unified approach to incorporating demographic or other effects into demand systems.

"A general method of introducing demographic effects into any demand system, using modifying functions, is described which permits complicated interactions of demographic variables with prices and expeditures. Theorems give properties the modifying functions must have to ensure integrability of the resulting system. Demand equations of the new system are given explicitly as functions of the original demand equations and the modifying functions. The procedure is interpreted as altering a household's technology, and is shown to encompass adult equivalent scales and related methods. Examples of modifying functions are derived and applications of the technique to uses other than demographic variation are considered. "