Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Postprandial endotoxemia linked with chylomicrons and LPS handling in obese vs lean men: a lipid dose-effect trial

Cécile Vors, Gaëlle Pineau, Jocelyne Drai, Emmanuelle Meugnier, Sandra Pesenti, Martine Laville, Fabienne Laugerette, Corinne Malpuech-Brugère, Hubert Vidal, and Marie-Caroline Michalski 1 Université de Lyon, INRA, UMR 1397, CarMeN laboratory, Univ Lyon-1, Oullins, France; 2 INSERM U1060, CarMeN laboratory, Oullins, France; 3 Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes (CRNH-RA) and Centre Européen pour la Nutrition et la Santé (CENS), Pierre-Bénite, France; 4 INRA, UMR 1397, CarMeN laboratory, Villeurbanne, France; 5 INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Villeurbanne, France; 6 Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France; 7 Université d’Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France; 8 INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Text-Based Communication Tool for Mathematical Documents for Visually Handicapped

: In this study, we consider the expression methods of mathematical documents, for which the receiver is visually impaired, and the supplier is his/her support. The structure of an information graph is an important factor for the accessibility of the documents in this situation. We developed a software tool to express this structure for support and a tool to access this document for the visually handicapped. Moreover, we consider the information element for which we need some extra explanations
Significance of new records of Tridacna squamosa Lamarck, 1819, in the Tuamotu and Gambier Archipelagos (French Polynesia)

The giant clam subfamily Tridacninae (family Cardiidae) is an important group of bivalve molluscs found throughout the Red Sea and Indo-Pacific, from East Africa to the Eastern Pacific biogeographic region. The Tridacna genus is currently revised with numerous cryptic species identified with molecular markers. New Tridacna records from the fringe of the known distribution areas are extremely useful to identify genetically unique species, geographic ranges, and to examine processes associated with species differentiation. While Tridacna maxima is abundant in French Polynesia (Central South Pacific Ocean) the larger fluted giant clam Tridacna squamosa was formerly reported only in the Austral Islands in the south. Following a recent survey that spanned 23 islands and atolls of the Society, Tuamotu and Gambier Archipelagos, the presence of T. squamosa between the Cook Islands and Pitcairn Islands is confirmed using both morphological and molecular information, suggesting a relic distribution across the Central Pacific Ocean. Tridacna squamosa is rare, but present throughout Tuamotu and Gambier. However, it remained undetected from the Society Islands, probably due to historical over-fishing. This species is valued by local inhabitants, and is sought after mainly as gifts and also for a limited local shell trade. The rarity of T. squamosa may call for conservation measures in the near future.
Mesowear Analysis of the Tapirus polkensis population from the Gray Fossil Site, Tennessee, USA

Various methods exist for measuring and analyzing dental wear patterns in mammals, and these patterns have been extensively studied in ungulates. Mesowear has proven useful as a method to compare large numbers of individuals, particularly fossil individuals, observe trends through time or between groups, and estimate paleoenvironmental conditions. Levels of attrition (tooth-on-tooth wear) and abrasion (tooth-onfood wear) can be readily compared by observing the shape of the cusp and relative crown height of the tooth. This study uses a modified method of mesowear analysis, examining actual cusp angles of the population of Tapirus polkensis from the Gray Fossil Site, a densely canopied, hickory and oak dominated forest located in Gray, Tennessee. Crown height and cusp angle were measured for 38 specimens arranged into eruption series from young juveniles to old adults. Results found a strong correlation between eruption series and cusp angle with a steady increase in mean angle as the individuals increase in age. A strong correlation between cusp angle and crown height was also found. Overall, the population showed relatively low wear rates, as would be expected of a forest-dwelling browser. As a mesowear analysis across all age groups for a population has not been conducted before, this study could be useful for measuring relative wear rates at different life stages and could be applied across other communities. Julia A. Schap. Don Sundquist Center for Excellence in Paleontology, Department of Geosciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, 37614 USA. jschap3@gatech.edu Currently: School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA Joshua X. Samuels. Don Sundquist Center for Excellence in Paleontology, Department of Geosciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, 37614 USA. samuelsjx@etsu.edu
LEACH-EMMR: AN IMPROVED CLUSTER BASED MULTIHOP ROUTING ALGORITHM FOR VEHICLES MONITORING NETWORKS IN MWSN

Due to rapid increase of vehicle accessibility and usage, traffic and overcrowding on the highways will produce an unsafe and inefficient to drive the vehicle. Vehicle Monitoring Network (VMN) is a Mobile Wireless sensor network based real-time system, which collects, transmits, analyzes and process the Vehicle Monitoring parameters in a testing area. Even though sensor networks are primarily designed for monitoring and reporting events, they are application dependent. A single routing algorithm cannot be sufficient in energy efficiency for mobile sensor networks in all applications. The cluster based methods and energy saving approaches are plays an important role on designing network routing protocols for the VMN. Thus this paper proposes an enhanced description of LEACH-Mobile algorithm called LEACH-Enhanced Mobile by Multihop routing (LEACH-EMMR) algorithm for the VMN. Simulation results shows that the LEACH-EMMR can reduce the energy consumption of nodes, decrease the process of clustering and prolong the network lifetime in the VMN.
Load-shedding techniques for microgrids: A comprehensive review

The increasing interest in integrating renewable energies source has raised concerns about control operations. The presence of new energy sources, distributed storage, power electronic devices and communication links make a power system’s control and monitoring more complex and adaptive than ever before. Recently, the use of agentbased distributed control has seen to have a significant impact on the grid and microgrid controls. The load-shedding technique is among the features used to balance the power consumption in the power system upon less power production. Towards achieving these, different mechanisms, algorithms, challenges, and approaches have been developed and hence need to be reviewed and integrated from the system solution perspective. This research focuses on the review of the state-of-the-art load-shedding techniques, whereby the focus is on control algorithms, simulation platforms and integrations, and control devices for DC microgrid. The research also investigates open issues and challenges that need further investigations. The analyses reported in the paper upholds the importance of the distributed multi-agent system, MAS, in implementing distinct control operations including load-shedding. The effectiveness of the control operations using MAS rely on low-latency and secure communication links in which IoT has been branded as a promising technology for implementing distributed MAS
Winter energy budget of larvae of Indian tropical tasar silk insect Antheraea mylitta Drury living in the host plant Ziziphus jujuba

The energy budget of the larvae of Antheraea mylitta Drury living in host plant Ziziphus jujuba Gaertn was prepared in winter. In the fifth instar the rate of food energy consumption, absorption, body growth, silk gland growth and respiration increased when compared to other instars. The amount of consumption, absorption, body tissue growth and silk gland growth during fifth instar was 81%, 82%, 82%, 97% respectively of the total amount used in the entire larval period. The fifth instar female larvae showed significantly higher overall efficiencies than male larvae. There was a gradual increase in amount of energy stored per mg dry body weight from first to fifth instar. The absorption and growth efficiency was lowest in second instar. Hence, it is the most vulnerable instar needing more care during rearing. Highest all-round efficiency was observed in fifth instar larva. Therefore, optimum care should be given to fifth instar larva during feeding and rearing in order to maximize silk productivity.
Multi-Annual Fluctuations in the Size of a Population of the Bank Vole in European Part of the Soviet Union

Data were analyzed on the dynamics of two neighbouring populations of Clethrionomys glareolus with a similar fluctuation pattern dwelling in broad-leaved forests north of the forest-steppe zone (54°45'N, 37°40'E). Censuses, using trap-lines, and investigation of the demographic structure were conducted simultaneously from April to October during 1966-1976 in Population 1 and during 1972-1981 in Population 2.
Effects of Ascorbic Acid and α-Tocopherol on Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Compounds

The effects of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol on the antioxidant activity of 15 phenolic compounds were compared with 2 in vitro assays. Combination of ascorbic acid or α-tocopherol plus polyphenolic compounds resulted in an additive effect as shown with DPPH–HPLC method. With the liposome oxidation method, combination of quercetin or catechins plus α-tocopherol showed synergistic effects.
Convertible bond issues by financially constrained firms

This research examines the influence of financial constraints on the preferred channelof issuance for convertible bonds, the level of accompanying hedge fund involvement andexplores its potential relation to subsequent firm performance. I provide evidence that payingdividends, having credit ratings and firm’s size and age impacts several facets of convertiblebond issues. Non-dividend paying, non-rated and young and small firms have the propensityto issue convertible bonds privately under SEC rule 144A, implying that investor demandimpacts convertible bond issues by financially constrained firms. Financially constrainedconvertible bond issuers tend to underperform financially unconstrained convertible bondissuers up to one year after issuance. No supporting evidence is found for more hedge fundinvolvement with financially constrained convertible bond issuers. Underlying companyfinancials appear not to influence firm behaviour during convertible bond issues.
Do Foreign Institutional Investors Deter Opportunistic Insider Trading?

We examine whether foreign investors play a role in mitigating opportunistic insider trading. Using a novel global insider trading dataset containing 35,557 firms from 26 countries, we find that greater foreign institutional ownership significantly reduces insider trading profitability, above and beyond the effect of domestic institutional ownership. Using the exogenous variation in foreign institutional ownership induced by MSCI index reconstitution, we show that this effect is plausibly causal. Foreign institutions mitigate insider trading both by direct monitoring on insiders' illicit behavior and by facilitating short selling through security lending.
Oviposition preferences of the Hessian fly and their consequences for the survival and reproductive potential of offspring

1. The relationship between oviposition preference and offspring performance was investigated experimentally for the Hessian fly Mayetiola destructor (Say) using 10 grass genotypes that represented five different genera and six different species. Oviposition preferences were quantified in a choice test using arrays of 200–400 plants. Offspring performance was estimated by recording survival during three phases of the insect–plant association and by measuring wing length, a correlate of adult reproductive potential. Density effects were examined for all offspring variables, and were taken into account when offspring performance was compared across the 10 grasses.
An identification key for oospores of the extant charophytes of New Zealand

Abstract Oospore characteristics are described for charophyte species in New Zealand and a simple key to species is presented, based on consistent oospore features. Oospore dimensions measured using a light microscope and an image analysis system showed that some taxa could be distinguished on size. The ornamentation on the outer wall of oospores was described from both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and was particularly useful for distinguishing Nitella species, while striae number and basal features were helpful in identifying the remaining genera. Species oospore ornamentation is compared with the findings of previous workers and the need for revision of some species in New Zealand is raised. Taxonomic uncertainties involve New Zealand records for Nitella cristata, whereas intraspecific variations in oospore ornamentation within N. hookeri and N. pseudoflabellata indicate that additional taxa should be recognised.
Clonal Propagation of an Important Medicinal Tree Crataeva nurvala Through Enhanced Axillary Branching

ABSTRACT In vitro clonal propagation system for Crataeva nurvala, a valuable medicinal tree utilized in traditional systems of Indian medicine, has been developed. Multiple shoot induction was achieved through axillary branching, using stem node segments as explants collected from field grown plants. Cytokinins (6-benzyladenine and kinetin) were investigated for in vitro shoot multiplication and BA proved to be more effective. Formation of callus at the shoot bases, which hindered further growth, was overcome by addition of 30 μM silver nitrate to the medium. A shoot multiplication rate of 3.54-fold was obtained every 4 weeks on MS medium supplemented with 10 μM BA. The MS medium containing 15 μM IAA stimulated significantly higher root initiation (56.66 %) than NAA, IPA, or IBA containing medium. After in vitro hardening in soilrite, the plantlets are growing well in a mixture of sand, soil, and farmyard manure (1:1:1, v/v) in polybags.
Construction of plasmid expression vectors carrying the Escherichia coli tryptophan promoter.

A series of plasmid expression vectors carrying DNA fragments from 62 to 2600 base pairs with the E. coli tryptophan (trp) promoter and the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence for the trp leader peptide was constructed. To increase transcriptional levels, two or three trp promoter units were inserted in tandem in the same orientation. In addition, the transcriptional terminator of the E. coli lipoprotein gene was put downstream from the promoter. Most of these trp vectors possessed the restriction sites ClaI (or NruI) and HindIII in a region downstream near the SD sequence. These sites may favor the construction of recombinant plasmids enabling efficient expression of foreign genes.
Effects of nitrogen supply level on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of rice under salt stress

The change of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of rice were studied in five nitrogen levels during tillering, booting, and heading periods under salt stress. The net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), apparent mesophyll conductance (AMC), effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), electron transport rate (ETR), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) were significantly declined under salt stress and exhibited a lower magnitude of decline in the 2N, 1N, and 1/2N treatments respectively during tillering, booting, and heading periods. The stomatal limit value (Ls), Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and plasma membrane permeability were significantly increased and exhibited a lower magnitude of increase in the 2N, 1N, and 1/2N treatments respectively during tillering, booting, and heading periods. The amount of nitrogen in the nutrient solution should be reduced 50% after the heading period to decrease salt damage to rice under salt stress.
Detection of β‐human chorionic gonadotropin mRNA as a marker for cutaneous malignant melanoma

The β chain of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone is produced by fetal cells, gonadal cell tumors and several types of non‐gonadal carcinoma. hCG is composed of an α and a β chain, the latter of which can be used to distinguish the molecule from other related gonadotropin hormones. Detection of β‐hCG mRNA transcripts can be potentially useful as a marker to identify tumor cells. We devised a highly specific and sensitive assay to detect the atavistic expression of β‐hCG in cutaneous melanoma by RT‐PCR. Twenty‐four melanoma cell lines and 43 melanoma biopsies were evaluated for β‐hCG mRNA expression. An RT‐PCR assay was developed to specifically distinguish β‐hCG poly‐A mRNA from other related gonadotropin β chains. This was performed by endonuclease digestion of a unique Sty I site in the β chain, followed by Southern blot analysis with a β‐hCG cDNA probe. Of the 24 melanoma cell lines analyzed, 18 expressed β‐hCG mRNA. Analysis of melanoma biopsy specimens revealed β‐hCG mRNA expression in 17/25 melanoma‐positive TDLN, and in only 5/15 non‐lymphoid melanoma metastases. β‐hCG mRNA expression had a 53% correlation to tyrosinase mRNA, a predominant melanoma marker. β‐hCG mRNA was not detected in normal donor PBL and normal lymph nodes. Detection of β‐hCG mRNA expression may be a useful molecular marker to define a subset of malignant melanoma. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Role of Intestinal Flora in Biotin Deficiency in Conventional and Germ-Free Mice Fed a Purified Biotin-Deficient Diet without Supplementation with Egg White

To investigate the influence of intestinal flora upon the effects of biotin deficiency, we provided germ-free and conventional mice with a purified biotin-deficient diet without egg white for 20 days. Some of the biotin-deficient germ-free mice exhibited alopecia, while conventional mice on the same diet did not. Biotin levels decreased significantly in tissues of conventional and germ-free mice fed a biotin-deficient diet except in the heart of the conventional mice. Pyruvate carboxylase activity in the liver and kidney of germ-free mice fed the deficient diet also decreased significantly, while the activity in the liver of conventional mice on the same diet showed only a slight decrease. However, no significant differences in body or tissue weights were observed between germ-free and conventional mice during the short experimental period. Thus, conventional mice fed a biotin-deficient diet showed latent biotin deficiency, while germ-free animals fed the same diet exhibited severe biotin deficiency. Enteral microbial synthesis of biotin may have made some contribution to the observed amelioration of the effects of dietary biotin deficiency.
EFFECT OF 5-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID ON LEAF SENESCENCE AND NITROGEN METABOLISM OF PAKCHOI UNDER DIFFERENT NITRATE LEVELS

Application with 50 mg L−1 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) to pakchoi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. communis Tsen et Lee) seedlings showed that when seedlings were cultured in 1/2 Hoagland's solution containing 1/2 of standard (3.75 mmol L−1) or standard nitrate (7.5 mmol L−1), the outer leaves of rosette plants gradually turned yellow, whereas much fewer yellowed leaves were found when 5-ALA was added. Analysis showed that 5-ALA treatment increased the leaf chlorophyll content, root activities, and insomuch plant production. 5-ALA treatment also greatly increased the content of free amino acids and soluble proteins. However, 5-ALA treatment decreased nitrate accumulation in both leaf blades and petioles, which was related with higher activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and higher level of NR gene transcript in pakchoi leaves. These results suggest that exogenous 5-ALA treatment may promote nitrogen absorption and assimilation with less nitrate accumulation in leaf tissues.
Relationships of lungfishes

Problems surrounding the relationships of lungfishes are intricately connected with the search for the origin of tetrapods. Early in the history of lungfish research, the emphasis was on attempts to determine whether lungfishes were more closely related to fishes or to tetrapods. Later there was a shift towards a search for particular ancestors and ancestral groups, an approach that not only introduced problems relative to the concept of ancestry but also stultified attempts to classify the sarcopterygians. Cladistic analysis, on the other hand, has placed the inquiry into lungfish relationships on a surer footing, in which alternative theories are more open to criticism. It is concluded that, among Recent taxa, lungfishes and tetrapods are sistergroups, with coelacanths as the plesiomorphic sister‐group to that combined group. Rhipidistians are a paraphyletic group distributed amongst the Recent taxa.
Inbreeding depression in a rare deceptive orchid

We quantified inbreeding depression for seed maturation and germination in a deceptively pollinated orchid (Dactylorhiza praetermissa (Druce) Soo). Deceptive species do not provide any reward to their pollinators, which thus visit few flowers per plant. Therefore, deceptive species are predicted to experience high outcrossing. In agreement with the prediction that species with high outcrossing rate should possess a heavy genetic load, we demonstrated inbreeding depression in one of the populations we studied. More surprisingly, we found some evidence of inbreeding depression at a small geographic scale. This was not expected, as deceptive orchids generally disperse their pollen and their seeds over long distances. We also demonstrated that the position of a flower within an inflorescence interacts with the type of cross. This indicates that resource availability might modify how severely deleterious mutations affect reproductive success. This could also explain why the intensity of inbreeding depression s.
The Catabolism of Acyclic Polyols by Yeasts

SUMMARY: Eight polyols were employed in turn as sole carbon source for aerobic growth tests with sixteen yeasts. The yeasts studied varied from those using none to others using all the polyols. Mean generation times in aerated, liquid, shaken medium for five yeasts and four polyols, were from 2 to 7.5 hr. With seven yeasts, oxygen uptake was measured for different polyols as sole carbon source, of washed, starved yeast cells, harvested in the exponential phase of growth. No yeast respired a substrate on which it did not grow, or vice versa. Except when glucose, erythritol or galactitol (dulcitol) were employed, respiration rates were not greatly affected by the carbon source for growth. Coenzyme-linked polyol dehydrogenase activity was measured with crude cell-free extracts of four yeasts and several polyols or sugars. The enzymes had a low affinity for their substrates. In certain cases the polyol oxidation products were examined chromatographically. The polyol dehydrogenases of four yeasts were separated from crude cell extracts by gel electrophoresis, and detected on the gels by their activity with different polyols, and with NAD+ or NADP+. One strain of Torulopsis candida appears to synthesize at least eight polyol dehydrogenases which differ in their specificity for polyols, coenzyme or inducer. Similarly, four polyol dehydrogenases were found in a strain of Candida utilis. Most of these enzymes were inducible. There was no evidence that phosphorylation was the first step in polyol catabolism. From experiments with 14C-labelled polyols, it seems that Candida utilis and Pichia membranaefaciens do not utilize D-glucitol (sorbitol) or D-mannitol because these substrates do not enter the yeast cells.