Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Injury Prevention Programs for Throwing Injuries in Softball Players: A Systematic Review

Context: Throwing-related injuries occur commonly in softball players. Preventative programs can be implemented to assist in identifying and correcting risk factors that could potentially lead to injury and therefore time missed from both practice and games. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if position-specific injury prevention programs have been developed to decrease the risk of throwing-related injuries in softball players. Data Sources: A systematic review was performed using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. PubMed, PMC, and EBSCO were searched for articles on injury prevention programs using the following key terms: softball, injury prevention, throwing injuries, pitcher, and shoulder. Study Selection: Studies that involved fast-pitch softball and included female participants as well as rehabilitation programs were included. Articles that highlighted slow-pitch softball or did not include female participants were excluded. Level of Evidence: Level 1. Data Extraction: The initial search identified 1605 articles. After implementing a filter, 131 articles remained. Thirteen articles were screened out as duplicates. After screening for inclusion criteria, 7 articles remained and were included in the systematic review. Results: Decreased range of motion (ROM) in both the upper and the lower extremities, unbalanced muscular strength, and fatigue were identified as risk factors for throwing injuries in softball players. Within the upper extremity, strength and ROM of the rotator cuff muscles, biceps, and extensors of the forearm were emphasized. The main focus of the lower extremity was the strength of the gluteal muscles and ROM of the lumbopelvic-hip complex. Only 1 study detailed an injury prevention program for softball players. The prevention program outlined was generalized for all softball players and was not position specific. Conclusion: There is a paucity of information about injury prevention programs for softball players. Of the evidence analyzed, balanced strengthening of the upper and lower extremities while maintaining dynamic range of motion was frequently utilized in developing an injury prevention program.
Development of a web tool to increase research literacy in underserved populations through public library partnerships.

OBJECTIVE Inadequate diversity in clinical trials is widely recognized as a significant contributing factor to health disparities experienced by racial/ethnic minorities and other diverse populations in the US. To address this in a scalable way, we sought to develop a web tool that could help enhance underserved minority participation in clinical research. METHODS We used our research literacy support flashcard tool as the initial prototype for human-centered design and usability testing of the web tool Health for All in public library settings. After forming partnerships with leadership from Chicago Public Libraries (CPL), local medical libraries, and the Chicago Department of Public Health, we conducted seven iterative design sessions with focus groups of library patrons and library staff from six CPL branches serving underserved communities followed by two rounds of usability testing and website modification. RESULTS Based on the qualitative research findings from Design Sessions 1-7, we enacted the design decision of a website that was a hybrid of fact-filled and vignette (personal stories) paper prototypes divided into 4 modules (trust, diversity, healthy volunteers, pros/cons), each with their own outcome metrics. The website was thus constructed, and navigation issues identified in two rounds of usability testing by library patrons were addressed through further website modification, followed by the launch of a beta version of a hybridized single-scrolling and guided module prototype to allow further development with website analytics. CONCLUSIONS We report the development of Health for All, a website designed to enhance racial/ethnic minority participation in clinical trials by imparting research literacy, mitigating distrust engendered by longstanding racism and discrimination, and providing connections to clinical trials recruiting participants.
Temporal changes in the muscle extracellular matrix due to volumetric muscle loss injury

ABSTRACT Purpose/Aim Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a devastating orthopedic injury resulting in chronic persistent functional deficits, loss of joint range of motion, pathologic fibrotic deposition and lifelong disability. However, there is only limited mechanistic understanding of VML-induced fibrosis. Herein we examined the temporal changes in the fibrotic deposition at 3, 7, 14, 28, and 48 days post-VML injury. Materials and Methods Adult male Lewis rats (n = 39) underwent a full thickness ~20% (~85 mg) VML injury to the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle unilaterally, the contralateral TA muscle served as the control group. All TA muscles were harvested for biochemical and histologic evaluation. Results The ratio of collagen I/III was decreased at 3, 7, and 14 days post-VML, but significantly increased at 48 days. Decorin content followed an opposite trend, significantly increasing by day 3 before dropping to below control levels by 48 days. Histological evaluation of the defect area indicates a shift from loosely packed collagen at early time points post-VML, to a densely packed fibrotic scar by 48 days. Conclusions The shift from early wound healing efforts to a fibrotic scar with densely packed collagen within the skeletal muscle occurs around 21 days after VML injury through dogmatic synchronous reduction of collagen III and increase in collagen I. Thus, there appears to be an early window for therapeutic intervention to prevent pathologic fibrous tissue formation, potentially by targeting CCN2/CTGF or using decorin as a therapeutic.
Short and Long-Term Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Spasticity and Motor Performance in Children With Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy

This study aimed to investigate the short and long-term effects of Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) therapy on spasticity and motor performance in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy. We recruited 26 patient participants from among children undergoing conventional physiotherapy in a private rehabilitation center. We randomly assigned 22 participants to equally sized treatment (n = 11) and control (n = 11) groups. We evaluated the participants at the beginning of the study with the Gross Motor Function Measure-88, LEGSys™ Spatio-Temporal Gait Analyzer, SportKAT550™ Portable Computerized Kinesthetic Balance Device and the Modified Ashworth Scale. While children in the treatment group were treated with Compex-Winplate™ to administer WBV in three 15-minute sessions per week for eight weeks, children in the control group received continued conventional physiotherapy during this period. We then re-evaluated all participants both immediately after the treatment and again 12 weeks after the treatment. Following WBV, both gross motor functions and gait and balance skills were significantly improved (p < 0.05), and spasticity in lower and upper extremity muscles was significantly inhibited (p < 0.05). These improvements were preserved even after 12 weeks. We conclude that WBV is an effective incremental approach to conventional physiotherapy in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy for inhibiting spasticity and improving motor performance.
Corrigendum

For dog interaction (n = 111), the overall model was significant (R2 = 0.19, p < .001) and indicated that 19% of the variance in loneliness was explained by dog interaction, mindfulness, and previous mindfulness experience. However, the direct effect (B = −0.04, p = .805, 95%CI −0.39, 0.30), and indirect effect (B = 0.00, 95% BCaCI −0.19, 0.20) were not significant, indicating no bivariate or mediated relationship. Further examination indicated no significant relationship between dog interaction and mindfulness (B = −0.03, p = .986, 95%CI −3.13, 3.07) but a significant direct effect of mindfulness on loneliness (B = −0.06, p < .001, 95%CI −0.08, −0.04).
Comments on Abdominoplasty With Scarpa Fascia Preservation. Prospective Comparative Study of Suction Drain Number.

Sir, I t was with great interest and enthusiasm that we read the recent report by Brown et al entitled “Program Director Survey of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Fellowships in theUnited States: Current State-of-the-Art,” published in the November 2020 issue of Annals of Plastic Surgery. We wish to applaud the authors for their contribution to the literature regarding the value of aesthetic surgery fellowships and the current training offered by American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery-sponsored fellowships. Additional aesthetic surgery training is invaluable, allowing residents to receive additional training to compliment what was learned during their categorical residency training or to increase marketability for potential job prospects. The authors also astutely point out the value of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education minimum case requirements and resident cosmetic clinics for appropriate aesthetic surgery training for residents. We have seen in our own surveys that the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education case log requirement increase for aesthetic surgery training was a meaningful change for resident comfort with aesthetic procedures upon graduating. We also had similar findings to Hashem et al that facial aesthetic procedures such as rhinoplasty remain areas where residents have less comfort upon graduation. We also would like to highlight to the authors that resident cosmetic clinics have been recently surveyed as well and have been shown to have acceptable revision and complication rates. In addition, although most resident cosmetic clinics provide sufficient supervision and resident autonomy, there remains a lack of standardization in the level of autonomy. Furthermore, the medicolegal backing for resident cosmetic clinics across the country is variable andmay pose a challenge to increasing resident aesthetic training. Our own survey also demonstrated that residents felt that resident cosmetic clinics had a substantial impact on the comfort with aesthetic surgery upon graduation and ability to operate independently as an attending. Although substantial variability exists across the country, there is space for continued research
Striped occipital cortex and intragyral hemorrhage: Novel magnetic resonance imaging markers for cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Background and aim To investigate whether a striped occipital cortex and intragyral hemorrhage, two markers recently detected on ultra-high-field 7-tesla-magnetic resonance imaging in hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), also occur in sporadic CAA (sCAA) or non-sCAA intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods We performed 7-tesla-magnetic resonance imaging in patients with probable sCAA and patients with non-sCAA-ICH. Striped occipital cortex (linear hypointense stripes perpendicular to the cortex) and intragyral hemorrhage (hemorrhage restricted to the juxtacortical white matter of one gyrus) were scored on T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. We assessed the association between the markers, other CAA-magnetic resonance imaging markers and clinical features. Results We included 33 patients with sCAA (median age 70 years) and 29 patients with non-sCAA-ICH (median age 58 years). Striped occipital cortex was detected in one (3%) patient with severe sCAA. Five intragyral hemorrhages were found in four (12%) sCAA patients. The markers were absent in the non-sCAA-ICH group. Patients with intragyral hemorrhages had more lobar ICHs (median count 6.5 vs. 1.0), lobar microbleeds (median count >50 vs. 15), and lower median cognitive scores (Mini Mental State Exam: 20 vs. 28, Montreal Cognitive Assessment: 18 vs. 24) compared with patients with sCAA without intragyral hemorrhage. In 12 (36%) patients, sCAA diagnosis was changed to mixed-type small vessel disease due to deep bleeds previously unobserved on lower field-magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusion Whereas a striped occipital cortex is rare in sCAA, 12% of patients with sCAA have intragyral hemorrhages. Intragyral hemorrhages seem to be related to advanced disease and their absence in patients with non-sCAA-ICH could suggest specificity for CAA.
The Early Impact of COVID-19 on Chronic Pain: A Cross-Sectional Investigation of a Large Online Sample of Individuals with Chronic Pain in the United States, April to May, 2020

Abstract Objective Individuals with chronic pain are uniquely challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic, as increased stress may exacerbate chronic pain, and there are new barriers to receiving chronic pain treatment. In light of this, using a large online sample in the United States, we examined 1) the early impact of COVID-19 on pain severity, pain interference, and chronic pain management; and 2) variables associated with perceived changes in pain severity and pain interference. Design A cross-sectional study. Methods Online survey data for 1,453 adults with chronic pain were collected via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk platform. Results Although a large proportion of participants reported no perceived changes in their pain severity and pain interference since the outbreak, approximately 25–30% of individuals reported exacerbation in these domains. Individuals identifying as Black and of non-Hispanic origin, who experienced greater disruptions in their mood and sleep quality, were more likely to report worsened pain interference. The majority of participants reported engaging in self-management strategies as usual. However, most appointments for chronic pain treatment were either postponed or canceled, with no future session scheduled. Furthermore, a notable proportion of participants had concerns about or difficulty accessing prescription opioids due to COVID-19. Conclusions We may expect to see a long-term exacerbation of chronic pain and related interference in functioning and chronic pain management among individuals most impacted by the pandemic. These individuals may benefit from remotely delivered intervention to effectively mitigate COVID-19–related exacerbations in chronic pain and interruptions in face-to-face treatment.
Association between plasma copper levels and first stroke: a community-based nested case–control study

ABSTRACT Background and aims Uncertainty remains regarding the association between the risk of stroke and plasma copper levels in population with copper mostly in normal range due to limited data. We examined the association between baseline plasma copper and risk of first stroke in Chinese community-dwelling population. Methods We conducted a nested case control study from ‘H-type Hypertension and Stroke Prevention and Control Project’. A total of 1255 first stroke cases and 1255 controls matched for age, sex and study site were included in the analysis. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between plasma copper and first stroke. Results The overall mean of copper was 15.90 (2.66) μmol/L. In total, 94.26% participants’ copper concentration was in the normal range by Mayo Clinic laboratory reference values. Smoothing curve showed that the associations of plasma copper with first stroke and its subtypes were linear. Each standard deviation (SD) increment of plasma copper was independently and positively associated with risk of first stroke [odds ratio (OR): 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–1.28]. The multivariable ORs with 95% CIs for total stroke, ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke in the highest versus the lowest quartile of plasma copper were 1.49 (1.16–1.90; P-trend = 0.001), 1.46 (1.12–1.92; P-trend = 0.004) and 2.05 (0.95–4.38; P-trend = 0.050), respectively. Conclusions Baseline plasma copper was positively associated with risk of first ischemic stroke in an approximately linear fashion among Chinese community population (80.32% hypertensives), although their copper levels were mostly within the normal range according to current reference values. Our findings warrant additional investigation. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Inhibiting Th1/2 cells influences hepatic capillarization by adjusting sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae through Rho-ROCK-myosin pathway

CD4+ T cells are considered to be vital in chronic liver diseases, but their exact roles in hepatic capillarization, the typical characteristic of liver fibrosis, are poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the roles of typical subtype of CD4+ T cells, named T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells in liver fibrosis. Taking advantage of well established fibrotic rat model, we conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to explore the interactions between liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and Th1/2 cells; meanwhile we evaluated the degree of hepatic capillarization when inhibiting these interactions with inhibitory antibodies. Our results showed that prohibiting interactions between Th2 cells and LSECs caused the restoration of fenestrae, increased cytokine level of Th1 cells and reduction of hepatic capillarization; inhibiting the interaction between Th1 cells and LSECs produced the opposite effects. Moreover, increased Rho and myosin light chain phosphorylation were observed when Th1 cells were inhibited with the corresponding inhibitory antibody; Th2 cell inhibition yielded the opposite results. This study indicated that Th1/2 cells steer the capillarization process in different directions and this effect is probably mediated by the Rho-Rho kinase (ROCK)-myosin signaling pathway.
What is the consistency between the results of needle biopsy and prostatectomy specimen pathology results? A pilot study

Background/aim The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between the needle biopsy and the pathology result after radical prostatectomy administrated for prostate cancer. Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed 67 patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy from 2016 to 2019. All surgeries and all biopsies were performed in the third author’s urology department. Samples were collected through 12-core biopsy under local anesthesia. All specimens were studied in the pathology department of the third author’s center. The results evaluated were needle biopsies’ Gleason scores and prostatectomy specimens’ Gleason scores. Results Inclusion criteria were not having any neo-adjuvant treatment and being treated with surgery after needle biopsy. Gleason scores obtained from needle biopsies and prostatectomy specimens were evaluated. The comparison revealed that 39% of the tumors were undergraded, 7% were overgraded, and 54% had exact scoring in needle biopsies and prostatectomy specimens according to the detailed Gleason scoring as primary and secondary metrics. The patients were grouped into five categories according to the ISUP 2014 prostate cancer grading system. The relationship was strong with 64% of results staying in the same group after the operation; nevertheless, the correlation remained weak based on the kappa coefficient. Conclusion The information obtained from the needle biopsy is not a strong herald of the pathological result. Urologists should have awareness of this restraint when utilizing the needle biopsy’s Gleason score in decision making and treatment planning.
Structural Domains of the Herpes Simplex Virus 1 gD Protein That Restrict Human Immunodeficiency Virus Particle Infectivity

Previously, we showed that unlike HSV-1, the presence of the gD glycoprotein in virus producer cells but not gB potently restricted HIV-1 particle infectivity. To better understand the relationship between cell surface expression, virus incorporation, and restriction of HIV-1, we analyzed a series of deletion mutants and chimeric proteins in which domains of gD and gB were swapped. ABSTRACT Previously, we showed that the presence of the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) gD glycoprotein but not gB potently restricted HIV-1 particle infectivity. This restriction was characterized by incorporation of HSV-1 gD and the exclusion of HIV-1 gp120/gp41 from budding virus particles. To determine the structural domains involved in gD restriction of HIV-1, a series of deletion mutants and chimeric proteins involving combinations between gD and the nonrestrictive gB were generated. Our results show that deletion of the cytoplasmic tail domain (CTD) of gD or replacement of the transmembrane domain (TMD) with the TMD from gB slightly reduced restriction activity. However, replacement of the gD CTD with that of gB resulted in lower cell surface expression, significantly less incorporation into HIV-1 particles, and inefficient restriction of the release of infectious HIV-1. Analysis of gB/gD chimeric proteins revealed that removal of the gB CTD or replacement with gD CTD resulted in enhanced surface expression and an increase in restriction activity. Finally, we show that expression of gD without other HSV-1 proteins resulted in gD fractionation into detergent-resistant membranes (DRM) and that gD colocalized with the raft marker GM1, which may partially explain its incorporation into budding virus particles. Taken together, our results suggest that expression of gD at the cell surface is likely a major factor, but other intrinsic properties are also involved in the gD-mediated restriction of HIV-1 particle infectivity. IMPORTANCE Previously, we showed that the presence of the gD glycoprotein in virus producer cells but not gB potently restricted HIV-1 particle infectivity. To better understand the relationship between cell surface expression, virus incorporation, and restriction of HIV-1, we analyzed a series of deletion mutants and chimeric proteins in which domains of gD and gB were swapped. Our results indicate that (i) gD/gB chimeras having the cytoplasmic domain (CTD) of gB significantly reduced cell surface expression, release from cells, incorporation into virus, and reduced HIV-1 restriction, (ii) removal of the gB CTD or replacement with the gD CTD resulted in better surface expression, incorporation into HIV-1, and enhanced restriction, and (iii) the transmembrane domain of gB can influence transport and ultimately effect incorporation of gB into HIV-1. Overall, these data support a role for gD surface expression as crucial to restriction of infectious HIV-1 release.
AC Corrosion at Coating Defect on Pipelines

In this work, the effect of the size and geometrical shape of coating defects on pipeline corrosion under alternating current (AC) interference in a deoxygenated, near-neutral pH bicarbonate solution was studied by direct current (DC) potential analysis, polarization curve measurements, and surface characterization. The results demonstrate that the size of the defect is critical to AC corrosion of steel occurring at the defect base. When a defect is small, the threshold AC to induce pitting corrosion is low. Moreover, both anodic and cathodic current densities decrease, which is attributed to the blocking effect of corrosion product accumulating at the defect. The shape of the defect affects corrosion only when the defect is small, e.g., 5 mm in diameter. The effect becomes undetectable when the defect is large, e.g., 10 mm in diameter. Generally, circular and triangular defects are associated with the most and least negative DC potentials as well as the largest and smallest anodic current densities, resp.