Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Facing Your Fear in Immersive Virtual Reality: Avoidance Behavior in Specific Phobia

Specific phobias are the most common anxiety disorder and are characterized by avoidance behavior. Avoidance behavior impacts daily function and is proposed to impair extinction learning. However, despite its prevalence, its objective assessment remains a challenge. To this end, we developed a fully automated experimental procedure using immersive virtual reality. The procedure contained a behavioral search, forced-choice, and an approach task with varying degrees of freedom and task relevance of the stimuli. In this study, we examined the sensitivity and feasibility of these tasks to assess avoidance behavior in patients with specific phobia. We adapted the tasks by replacing the originally conditioned stimuli with a spider and a neutral animal and investigated 31 female participants composed of 15 spider-phobic and 16 non-phobic participants. As the non-phobics were quite heterogeneous in terms of their Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ) scores, we subdivided them into six “fearfuls” that had elevated FSQ scores, and 10 “non-fearfuls” that had no fear of spiders. The phobics successfully managed to complete the procedure and showed consistent avoidance behavior across all behavioral tasks. Compared to the non-fearfuls, which did not show any avoidance behavior at all, the phobics looked at the spider much more often and clearly directed their body toward it in the search task. In the approach task, they hesitated most when they were close to the spider, and their difficulty to touch the spider was reflected in a strong increase in right hand acceleration changes. The fearfuls showed avoidance behavior depending on the tasks: strongest in the search task and weakest in the approach task. Additionally, we identified subjective valence ratings of the spider as the main influence on both objective avoidance behavior and subjective well-being after exposure, mediating the effect of the FSQ. In summary, the behavioral tasks are well suited to assess avoidance behavior in phobic participants and provide detailed insights into the process of avoidance.
A narrative review of five multigenetic assays in breast cancer

Background and Objective Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease. Its incidence rate is increasing year by year and the mortality rate is the highest in female malignant tumors. Even patients with the same clinical stage and pathological grade have different response to treatment and postoperative recurrence risk. Although the prognosis of breast cancer in China has been gradually improved, there is still a certain gap compared with the 5-year survival rate as high as 89% in developed countries. In recent years, with the continuous enrichment of molecular sequencing data of breast cancer, gene detection technology has important reference value in prognosis judgement and guiding treatment of early breast cancer. This article reviews the current application and latest progress of genetic tests in comprehensive treatment for breast cancer, with a view to promote the precise treatment of breast cancer in clinical practice. Methods We conducted searches using the MeSH terms ‘breast neoplasms’ and ‘genetic testing’ in the PubMed databases from root to 22 January 2021. We conducted an additional search in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) guidelines to obtain additional information. The search was limited to English, Dutch, French and German articles and research involving humans. Out of the references screened, 51 articles were found eligible for inclusion finally. Key Content and Findings The article reviews the mechanisms and clinical trials of five genetic tests including Oncotype Dx, Mammaprint, Endopredict, mRNA expression of 50 genes (PAM50) and breast cancer index (BCI) in comprehensive treatment for breast cancer. All these tools have been proved to have prognosis value, but only two of them, Oncotype Dx and Mammaprint, are recommended as predictive tools for chemotherapy by National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). Conclusions In order to promote the comprehensive treatment of breast cancer to “precision” and “individualization” for further development, people have extensively researched on multigene testing technology represented by Oncotype Dx, Mammaprint, Endopredict and mRNA expression of 50 genes (PAM50) and breast cancer index (BCI). Each of these five tools has its advantages and limitation, which must be weighed in a wise application.
From standardisation, through integration and automation, into machine-to-machine communication : a field problem solving project at Philips Lighting B.V.

Since February 2016, Philips Lighting B.V. operates as a stand-alone company. To split the buying system and processes from Royal Philips a new cloud-based e-procurement solution will be implemented in January 2017. Other reasons for a new solution are no clear preferred buying channels, and preferred suppliers, defined. Performance issues of a Purchase-to-Pay process can have dfiferent underlying reasons. In this research the concepts of maverick buying, pooling of demand, efficiency, spend control, and supply base optimization were analysed. Results show a clear need for performance increase. A five-year roadmap is designed to guide the company into the next steps in terms of standardisation, department integration, automation, and eventually fully automated purchasing opportunities.
Research on Electromagnetic Spectrum Situation Analysis System Based on Hadoop

The electromagnetic power generated by the control and utilization of the electromagnetic spectrum has become a “high point” for everyone in the field of information technology, and big data is an important means to provide spectrum information. This paper analyzes the Hadoop big data infrastructure and then studies its application in the electromagnetic spectrum situation analysis system. The system provides a basis for the handling of emergencies, multisource spectrum information fusion, and comprehensive situational decision-making, and lays a foundation for improving the management and control of spectrum resources.
Application of Smart Programmable Multi-Channel Digital Power Supply in Phase Array Antenna System Operation-Design in LabVIEW

The 5th Generation mobile network is coming, and phase array antenna is one of most important applications in 5th Generation network. Power source is the root of all electric application, including antenna. Even with the best design, an application will be useless if it doesn’t have a good electricity supplying system. Phase array antenna consists of multiple antennas, and each antenna will need its own power source. Normally, people need to adjust the power supply manually. This research will focus on how to manipulate the power source by using software. We use LabVIEW’s human machine interface and NI-8451 interface to communicate with the power supply. Due to single human machine interface design, users can feel more convenient when operating it. Because we use I2C command, we no longer need to go through complex setting steps. It will also decrease the setting time to achieve the control of highly efficient power source output.
Design Loads For an Offshore Wind Turbine Using Statistical Extrapolation From Limited Field Data

When interest is in establishing design loads for wind turbines, it is common to either carry out extensive simulation studies or undertake a field measurement campaign. At the Blyth offshore wind farm in the United Kingdom, a 2MW wind turbine was instrumented, and environment and load data were obtained in a pervious study. Here, we discuss how such data, even though very limited, may be used along with parametric models to establish design loads associated with return periods on the order of 20-50 years. The environmental characteristics at the Blyth site are such that wind and waves are of primary importance. Distributions for the extreme mudline bending moment at the tower base are established using parametric models. Long-term design loads are derived for different wind regimes possible at the site and the results are compared. Using bootstrap techniques, the effect of variability in the parameters for load distribution is investigated.
For submission to Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics Analysis of CheW-like domains provides insights into organization of prokaryotic 3 chemotaxis systems

28 The ability to control locomotion in a dynamic environment provides a competitive 29 advantage for microorganisms, thus driving the evolution of sophisticated regulatory 30 systems. Nineteen known categories of chemotaxis systems control motility mediated 31 by flagella and Type IV pili, plus other cellular functions. A key feature that distinguishes 32 chemotaxis systems from generic two-component regulatory systems is separation of 33 receptor and kinase functions into distinct proteins, linked by CheW scaffold proteins. 34 This arrangement allows for formation of varied arrays with remarkable signaling 35 properties. We recently analyzed sequences of CheW-like domains found in CheA 36 kinases and CheW and CheV scaffold proteins. Sixteen Architectures of CheA, CheW, 37 and CheV proteins contain ~94% of all CheW-like domains, forming six Classes with 38 likely functional specializations. 39 We surveyed chemotaxis system categories and proteins containing CheW-like 40 domains in ~1900 prokaryotic species, the most comprehensive analysis to date. The 41 larger sample size revealed previously unknown insights. Co-occurrence analyses 42 suggested that chemotaxis systems occur in non-random combinations within species, 43 increasing our understanding of evolution of chemotaxis. Furthermore, many Types of 44 CheW-like domains occurred predominantly with specific categories of chemotaxis 45 systems, suggesting specialized functional interactions. For example, Class 2 ( Type 46 CheW.IC) domains exhibit properties spanning the primary Classes of CheW-like 47 domains in CheA and CheW proteins. CheW.IC frequently co-occurred with methyl- 48 accepting coiled coil (MAC) proteins, which contain both receptor and kinase functions. Although MAC proteins should not need CheW scaffolds to connect receptor and kinase functions, co-occurrence suggested that MAC systems may nevertheless benefit from 51 array formation facilitated by CheW.IC domains.
What makes elk tick: winter tick (Dermacentor albipictus) grooming behavior in wild elk (Cervus canadensis)

Ungulates groom to remove ectoparasites but grooming may interfere with foraging, vigilance, and rumination, and it is possible that these effects differ among migratory tactics due to differences in parasite infestations. We compared the effects of grooming for winter ticks (Dermacentor albipictus) on winter foraging behavior by migrating and resident elk (Cervus canadensis) in the partially migratory population at the Ya Ha Tinda, adjacent to Banff National Park, Canada. We used hair loss on the dorsal shoulder area (“withers”) measured from photographic images as an index of tick infestation of individual elk. We conducted 594 focal observations on 48 radio-collared and 18 uncollared individuals that were uniquely identifiable from ear-tags (N = 66) in 2019 to assess whether grooming for ticks in winter reduced time spent foraging, ruminating, or being vigilant. Because rubbing or hair loss from radio-collars may influence tick infestations and behavior, we controlled for whether elk were collared or uncollared in our analyses. Neck hair loss was 3–5% greater in collared elk than uncollared elk, but neither withers hair loss nor time spent grooming differed. Grooming occurred during 42% of the observations but grooming comprised only ∼1% of observation time. Nevertheless, 40% of all grooming was observed during resting, and grooming interrupted vigilance behavior ∼8 times more than foraging. We found no differences among elk following different migratory tactics in time spent grooming or in other behaviors, but one of the two groups of migrant elk had higher withers hair loss. Our results suggest winter ticks may have slight effects on elk relative to other ungulates, particularly moose (Alces alces), in North America.
Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity: The Challenges of Team Leadership at a Middle School1

The establishment of teacher leadership teams creates new roles and relationships for teachers and principals within schools and between the school and district. Drawing on video, interview, survey and observational data, we analyze four major School Leadership Team (SLT) actions (role episodes) to explore how the team worked to define its role. Using event mapping, open systems and role theory, we highlight the complex interactions that emerged as teachers and principal implemented bottom up reforms that challenge traditional patterns of interaction. We examine how relationships among the superintendent, principal and SLT contributed to role conflict and role ambiguity. Several implications are presented. First, systems thinking is critical when implementing a major innovation such as site-based management. Schools are complex systems that need to encompass environmental, organizational and intergroup factors, and teachers cannot be empowered without concomitant changes in the district. Relationships with the district are a key factor in a team's ability to assume new responsibilities, implement change, and successfully accomplish goals. Second, enacting a policy to empower teachers and include them in decision making does not predetermine how teachers will interpret and take up the new roles. Finally, roles, responsibilities and relationships need to be specific and coupled with opportunities for on-going negotiation and refinement to overcome inconsistencies between beliefs and practices in ways that can impact student learning.
Diversity of Conidae (Caenogastropoda: Conoidea) from the Kerala Coast, India

ABSTRACT The Conidae are predatory marine gastropods and they produce one of the most potent venoms in nature. They are ecologically vital for regulating trophic positions and act as primary carnivores in oceans. Amateur shell collectors target some species and ecosystems are intensively exploited by collectors of ornamental shells and commercial traders. Moreover, increasing coastal development, habitat modification and fragmentation, and overexploitation of resources threaten cone snail diversity. This study documents 46 species of Conidae from the Kerala coast, India. Fifteen species are newly recorded from the coast, and one species is reported for the first time from the Indian coast. We also revalidate Conus ceylanensis and Conus bizona.
Self-compassion in social work education at times of COVID19

ABSTRACT Self-compassion practice is of great importance for both social work students and those employed in social work roles especially given the ongoing shared trauma of the Covid-19 pandemic. The ensuing study explores how student participants at a northeastern university practiced self-compassion during the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic and how the pandemic affected their views of self-compassion. This study concludes with a call for additional attention in social work curricula for student self-compassion practice for both the time of shared trauma and beyond to set and build upon a foundation for wellness in future practice.
Collective fear and social representations of COVID-19. The role of the original ‘reasons’ for the fear object (Miedo colectivo y representaciones sociales de la COVID-19. El rol de las ‘razones’ originales para el objeto de miedo)

ABSTRACT Based on a taxonomy of collective fears, the objective of the study (N = 1,144) was to analyse how the original reasons attributed to an object of fear play a role in collective angst and to study how these attributions are linked to differentiated social representations of the object. The results show that the underlying reasons (human vs. non-human; intentional vs. unintentional) organize the socio-representational field of the coronavirus. Moreover, the fact of considering the viral epidemic as reversible (vs. irreversible) also plays a role in the socio-representational universe of individuals. Finally, we observe that the attribution of a human origin to the virus is linked to greater collective angst than an attribution to a natural origin. These first results show that it is important to focus on the attribution of the origin of objects of fear in order to understand its consequences in terms of social representations and collective angst.
Silver nanoparticles induce mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and late non-canonical autophagy in HT-29 colon cancer cells

Abstract The interactions of nanomaterials with biological materials such as immortalized cell lines are recently on the rise. Owing to this superiority, the biosynthesis of AgNPs using gallic acid as a reductant was implemented in this study. After being synthesized, the AgNPs were characterized using techniques such as dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and X-ray diffraction methods. Furthermore, the AgNPs were assessed for their cytotoxic effects on the colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29. The mechanisms of such cell-killing effect were investigated by analyzing the expressions of 14 mRNAs using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The outcomes indicate that the synthesized AgNPs were cytotoxic on HT-29 cells. The expressions of all apoptotic genes analyzed including cyt-C, p53, Bax, Bcl2, CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, and CASP12 were upregulated. With regard to the autophagy-related genes, Beclin-1, XBP-1, CHOP, and LC3-II were upregulated, whereas the expressions of ATG3 and ATG12 were downregulated. To conclude, the AgNPs induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and non-canonical autophagy in HT-29 cells. A crosstalk did occur between autophagy and apoptosis in such a cell-killing effect. Hence, further studies are required to elucidate the exact mechanisms in animal models for further use of AgNPs in clinical medicine for the treatment of neoplasms of the digestive tract.
Human Movement Datasets: An Interdisciplinary Scoping Review

Movement dataset reviews exist but are limited in coverage, both in terms of size and research discipline. While topic-specific reviews clearly have their merit, it is critical to have a comprehensive overview based on a systematic survey across disciplines. This enables higher visibility of datasets available to the research communities and can foster interdisciplinary collaborations. We present a catalogue of 704 open datasets described by 10 variables that can be valuable to researchers searching for secondary data: name and reference, creation purpose, data type, annotations, source, population groups, ordinal size of people captured simultaneously, URL, motion capture sensor, and funders. The catalogue is available in the supplementary materials. We provide an analysis of the datasets and further review them under the themes of human diversity, ecological validity, and data recorded. The resulting 12-dimension framework can guide researchers in planning the creation of open movement datasets. This work has been the interdisciplinary effort of researchers across affective computing, clinical psychology, disability innovation, ethnomusicology, human-computer interaction, machine learning, music cognition, music computing, and movement neuroscience.
Efficient Production of Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobials by Paenibacillus polymyxa OSY–EC Using Acid Whey-Based Medium and Novel Antimicrobial Concentration Approach

Production of some antimicrobial peptides by bacterial producers is a resource-intensive process, thus, using inexpensive growth media and simplifying antimicrobial extraction and down-stream processing are highly desirable. Acid whey, a dairy industry waste, is explored as a medium for production of broad–spectrum antimicrobials from selected bacteriocinogenic bacteria. Neutralized and yeast extract-supplemented acid whey was suitable for production of antimicrobials by four tested strains, but Paenibacillus polymyxa OSY–EC was the most prolific antimicrobial producer. Concentrating synthesized antimicrobials during culture incubation using beads of polymeric adsorbent resin, followed by solvent extraction and freeze-drying, resulted in antimicrobials-rich powder (AMRP). Under these conditions, P. polymyxa OSY–EC produced paenibacillin, polymyxin E, and fusaricidin, which are active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, respectively. When media containing 2x and 4x minimum inhibitory concentrations of AMRP were inoculated with Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli, microbial populations decreased by ≥4–log CFU ml−1 in tryptic soy broth and ≥3.5–log CFU ml−1 in milk. The antimicrobial mechanism of action of AMRP solutions was attributed to the disruption of cytoplasmic membrane of indicator strains, L. innocua and E. coli. These findings exemplify promising strategies for valorization of acid whey via microbial bioreactions to yield potent antimicrobials.
Vision-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Atypical Optic Neuritis

Aim To evaluate the vision-related quality of life (QOL) in patients with atypical optic neuritis through the 39-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-39). Methods Fifty-seven patients with atypical optic neuritis were scheduled in the research unit from June 1 to December 31, 2019. Besides collecting the clinical data, NEI VFQ-39, the Chinese version, was applied to all subjects. The NEI VFQ-39 subscale item scores were compared among subgroups divided by different classifications, and a correlation analysis of the NEI VFQ-39 scores and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) for better-seeing and worse-seeing eyes was performed. Results The mean age of scheduled patients was 34.3 ± 12.4 years, with the majority being female (70.2%). The mean composite score was 58.62 ± 17.62. Twenty-nine (50.9%) patients were affected binocularly, and the most subscale scores and composite scores of binocular incidences were lower than those of monocular incidence significantly. However, there was no statistically significant difference in composite scores between patients with and without periocular pain. The patients with worse BCVA in the better-seeing eye have lower scores than those with better BCVA in the better-seeing eye. Most NEI VFQ-39 scores have strong correlations with the BCVA for better-seeing and worse-seeing eyes. Conclusion Atypical optic neuritis has a significant and comprehensive influence on patients' visual function outcomes and quality of life associated with vision. Improving their BCVA in the better-seeing eye can improve their vision-related QOL.