Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
(2,2′-Bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)bis(4-methylbenzoato-κ2 O,O′)lead(II)

In the title compound, [Pb(C8H7O2)2(C10H8N2)], the PbII ion is coordinated by two N atoms from one 2,2′-bipyridine ligand and four O atoms from two 4-methylbenzoate anions in a distorted pseudo-square-pyramidal environment, considering one of the carboxylate anions as an apical ligand. Pairs of complex molecules related by inversion centers are organized into dimers via pairs of Pb⋯O interactions [3.185 (2) Å] and stacking interactions between 2,2′-bipyridine and 4-methylbenzoate ligands, with a mean distance between their planes of 3.491 Å.
Dissimilar Physiological and Perceptual Responses Between Sprint Interval Training and High-Intensity Interval Training

Abstract Wood, KM, Olive, B, LaValle, K, Thompson, H, Greer, K, and Astorino, TA. Dissimilar physiological and perceptual responses between sprint interval training and high-intensity interval training. J Strength Cond Res 30(1): 244–250, 2016—High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) elicit similar cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations vs. endurance training. No study, however, has investigated acute physiological changes during HIIT vs. SIT. This study compared acute changes in heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (BLa), oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2), affect, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during HIIT and SIT. Active adults (4 women and 8 men, age = 24.2 ± 6.2 years) initially performed a V[Combining Dot Above]O2max test to determine workload for both sessions on the cycle ergometer, whose order was randomized. Sprint interval training consisted of 8 bouts of 30 seconds of all-out cycling at 130% of maximum Watts (Wmax). High-intensity interval training consisted of eight 60-second bouts at 85% Wmax. Heart rate, V[Combining Dot Above]O2, BLa, affect, and RPE were continuously assessed throughout exercise. Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a significant difference between HIIT and SIT for V[Combining Dot Above]O2 (p < 0.001), HR (p < 0.001), RPE (p = 0.03), and BLa (p = 0.049). Conversely, there was no significant difference between regimens for affect (p = 0.12). Energy expenditure was significantly higher (p = 0.02) in HIIT (209.3 ± 40.3 kcal) vs. SIT (193.5 ± 39.6 kcal). During HIIT, subjects burned significantly more calories and reported lower perceived exertion than SIT. The higher V[Combining Dot Above]O2 and lower BLa in HIIT vs. SIT reflected dissimilar metabolic perturbation between regimens, which may elicit unique long-term adaptations. If an individual is seeking to burn slightly more calories, maintain a higher oxygen uptake, and perceive less exertion during exercise, HIIT is the recommended routine.
Correlation between educational status and cardiovascular risk factors in an overweight and obese Turkish female population.

OBJECTIVE The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing in Turkey as well as all over the world. Educational inequalities play an important role in the development of obesity. In this study, our aim is to evaluate how educational status affects obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in the overweight and obese Turkish female population. METHODS In this study, 3080 overweight (n=633) and obese (n=2447) Turkish women who applied to Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Obesity Outpatient Clinic were evaluated retrospectively. Educational status was classified according to the subjects' latest term of education. Subjects were evaluated in terms of anthropometric and biochemical parameters. The association of educational level with cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Educational levels after adjusted continuous variables (age and body mass index) showed significant correlation with waist circumference, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose. Low educated class (LEC) had a 1.93 (95% CI--1.56-2.39, p=0.001) fold increased risk than high educated subjects for cardiovascular risk factors. Metabolic syndrome prevalence was more prevalent and significant risk increase was observed in LEC (OR=2.02, 95% CI--.53-2.67, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Low educational status is a contributing factor for development of obesity and increased risk for obesity related disorders in the Turkish overweight and obese female population. Population based information and educational policies might prevent obesity related disorders and decrease cardiovascular mortality.
Failure analysis for full-scan circuits

We present a complete system for failure analysis of full-scan circuits. A novel scheme has been proposed to handle multiple faults up to a certain extent by ranking the faults according to the likelihood of being present in the defective part. The user can interactively recompute the suspect fault list by changing some parameters. If the suspect fault list is large, we generate new test patterns to distinguish the faults in the suspect list. User can iterate over a defective part several times until the suspect fault list is reasonably small. Then each suspect site is probed using E-beam. This tool is integrated into design environment of LSI Logic Corporation and produced good results when applied on a few industry circuits.
Research of Target Characteristics Storage Based on RDBMS and Hadoop

As the amount of target characteristics data increasing rapidly, the tradition methods cannot satisfy the need of the storage and management of those data. According to the features of those data, a new storage system is proposed base on RDBMS and Hadoop. The structured data and the metadata of unstructured data is stored in the RDBMS under certain schema, while the large amount of unstructured one allocated among numbers of nodes in the hadoop cluster. In order to maximize the superiority of storage, the HBase is used for storing massive small-size unstructured data and the HDFS is applied for holding the large-scale ones. Meanwhile, the access control and the multi-thread upload and download approach combined with load balancing and caching mechanism is applied for improving the efficiency of data transmission. Experiment results show that the proposed storage system is reasonable and practicable.
Atrial natriuretic peptide impairs the stimulatory effect of angiotensin II on H+-ATPase.

BACKGROUND Angiotensin II (Ang II) action on H+-ATPase is not clearly defined, and may vary with renal tubule segment and hormonal doses being studied. Since an increase of cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i) can stimulate acid vesicle movement and exocytotic insertion of proton pumps, and it has been shown that Ang II increases [Ca2+]i while atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) reduces it, there may be some interaction between Ang II and ANP in the regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) mediated by H+-ATPase. METHODS The effects of Ang II and/or ANP on the regulation of pHi via H+-ATPase and of [Ca2+]i was investigated in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK) by the fluorescent probes BCECF-AM and Fluo-4/AM, respectively. The pHi recovery rate was examined following the intracellular acidification after an NH4Cl pulse, in presence of zero Na+ plus Schering 28080, which is a specific inhibitor of H+/K+-ATPase. RESULTS Ang II (10-12, 10-9 or 10-7 mol/L) increased the rate of pHi recovery and [Ca2+]i in a dose-dependent manner. ANP (10-6 mol/L) or dimethyl-BAPTA/AM (5 x 10-5 mol/L, an intracellular calcium chelator) did not affect the pHi recovery but decreased [Ca2+]i and blocked the stimulatory effect of Ang II on the pHi recovery. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the increase of [Ca2+]i regulates the dose-dependent stimulatory effect of Ang II on H+-ATPase. ANP or dimethyl-BAPTA/AM, by impairing the path causing the increase in [Ca2+]i, blocks this stimulatory effect of Ang II.
Racial disparities in receipt of hip and knee joint replacements are not explained by need: the Health and Retirement Study 1998-2004.

BACKGROUND Hip and knee joint replacement rates vary by demographic group. This article describes the epidemiology of need for joint replacement, and of subsequent receipt of a joint replacement by those in need. METHODS Data from the Health and Retirement Study were used to assess need for hip or knee joint replacement in a total of 14,807 adults aged 60 years or older in 1998, 2000, and 2002 and receipt of needed surgery 2 years later. "Need" classification was based on difficulty walking, joint pain, stiffness, or swelling and receipt of treatment for arthritis, without contraindications to surgery. RESULTS Need in 2002 was greater in participants who were older than 74 years (vs 60-64: adjusted odds ratio 2.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.68-2.53), women (vs men: 1.81; 1.53-2.14), less educated (vs college educated: 1.27; 1.06-1.52), in the poorest third (vs richest: 2.20; 1.78-2.72), or obese (vs nonobese: 2.39; 2.02-2.81). One hundred sixty-eight participants in need received a joint replacement, with lower receipt in black or African American participants (vs white: 0.47; 0.26-0.83) or less educated (vs college educated: 0.65; 0.44-0.96). These differences were not explained by current employment, access to medical care, family responsibilities, disability, living alone, comorbidity, or exclusion of those younger than Medicare eligibility age. CONCLUSIONS After taking variations in need into consideration, being black or African American or lacking a college education appears to be a barrier to receiving surgery, whereas age, sex, relative poverty, and obesity do not. These disparities maintain disproportionately high levels of pain and disability in disadvantaged groups.
Psychophysiologic Aspects of Blood Pressure Regulation: Methodological Issues

DR. SHAPIRO: TO appreciate the methodological issues involved in the psychophysiologic aspects of blood pressure regulation, our first concern must be to clarify the questions themselves. Basically two primary questions have to be considered, questions which unfortunately have been confused frequently. The first of these is the manner in which changes are produced in the blood pressure by psychological stimuli. Its answer requires study of acute and chronic blood pressure responses to evaluate their physiologic role in the over-all problem of the regulation of blood pressure. One major methodological problem that arises here is the definition of psychologic stimuli . These might be defined as stimuli derived from the individual's behavioral relationship to his environment and representing real, anticipatory, or symbolic threats to his emotional adjustments. In contrast, physical stimuli are those which exert their effects through actual invasion of the organism by exogenous agents with production of acute or chronic pathological changes in the tissues—by direct physical contact as it were—or stimuli which demand a physical adjustment of the individual to his environment. Obviously there is some overlapping in these definitions, since in fact we are dealing with a continuum of noxious stimuli. The reaction of an individual with irrational anger to an interpersonal relationship, which in turn induces a sequence of physiologic or biochemical changes, represents one end of this spectrum; the cardiovascular reaction to fever is at the opposite extreme. Frequently, however, both emotionally and physically stressful situations are involved, as, for instance, when a pedestrian who is frightened by an approaching automobile is then traumatized by the impact, when a student anxious concerning an impending examination does not eat or sleep, or an athlete anxious at the start of a race increases his physical activity during it. Then the separate components of the response must be distinguished. On the other hand—and this is often a major cause of confusion—we may deal with
Error Propagation in Cartographic Modelling Using Boolean Logic and Continuous Classification

Abstract When data on environmental attributes such as those of soil or groundwater are manipulated by logical cartographic modelling, the results are usually assumed to be exact. However, in reality the results will be in error because the values of input attributes cannot be determined exactly. This paper analyses how errors in such values propagate through Boolean and continuous modelling, involving the intersection of several maps. The error analysis is carried out using Monte Carlo methods on data interpolated by block kriging to a regular grid which yields predictions and prediction error standard deviations of attribute values for each pixel. The theory is illustrated by a case study concerning the selection of areas of medium textured, non-saline soil at an experimental farm in Alberta, Canada. The results suggest that Boolean methods of sieve mapping are much more prone to error propagation than the more robust continuous equivalents. More study of the effects of errors and of the choice of attri.
Copyright 2009 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved. 10.1518/107118109X12524441079300

People make determinations about the social characteristics of an agent (e.g., robot or virtual agent) by interpreting social cues displayed by the agent, such as facial expressions. Although a considerable amount of research has been conducted investigating age-related differences in emotion recognition of human faces (e.g., Sullivan, & Ruffman, 2004), the effect of age on emotion identification of virtual agent facial expressions has been largely unexplored. Age-related differences in emotion recognition of facial expressions are an important factor to consider in the design of agents that may assist older adults in a recreational or healthcare setting. The purpose of the current research was to investigate whether agerelated differences in facial emotion recognition can extend to emotion-expressive virtual agents. Younger and older adults performed a recognition task with a virtual agent expressing six basic emotions. Larger age-related differences were expected for virtual agents displaying negative emotions, such as anger, sadness, and fear. In fact, the results indicated that older adults showed a decrease in emotion recognition accuracy for a virtual agent’s emotions of anger, fear, and happiness.
Who Acquires Friends Through Social Media and Why? "Rich Get Richer" Versus "Seek and Ye Shall Find"

There is an ongoing debate, not just among academics but in popular culture, about whether social media can expand people’s social networks, and whether online friends can be “real” friends. The debate refuses to die. This paper addresses this question subjectively, from the point of view of the user, and examines the predictors of acquiring new friends through social media use. This is a multi-method study with quantitative (n=617) and qualitative sections. Some previous studies have found a “rich-get-richer” effect where people who are socially active offline appear to benefit most from online interactions. This paper is based on the idea that whether online friends can be real friends may be subject to a self-fulfilling prophecy: those who do not believe that online friendships can be real friendships are not likely to make such connections. I compare the “Rich Get Richer” and “Seek and Ye Shall Find” models by examining relationships between the amount of offline socializing, amount of online social activity and the belief in online friendships. I also qualitatively examine reasons cited by respondents as to why online sociality is or is not a plausible route to meaningful friendship. The results show strong support for one of the earliest theories of computer-mediated-communication: hyperpersonal interaction. It appears that a sizable portion of the young generation finds online interaction positive because it is perceived to concentrate on the conversation itself, rather than on appearances, and is seen as freer of social judgments. African-Americans are significantly more likely to meet new friends online. There also appear to be underlying personality traits, apart from traditional demographic variables, that divide the population in terms of their attitude towards online sociality.
Approche de Modélisation d'un Apprenant à base d'Ontologie pour un Hypermédia adaptatif Pédagogique

Resume. Tout processus d’adaptation repose sur un modele de l’utilisateur, une representation de ses caracteristiques dont le systeme prend en compte. Les systemes hypermedia adaptatifs sont bases sur le profil d’apprenant, les donnees de plus en plus nombreuses et volumineuses doivent s’adapter aux apprenants. A l’heure actuelle les ontologies constituent une solution pour la representation et le partage des connaissances. C’est dans ce contexte que ce situe nos travaux de recherches, concernant la modelisation d’un apprenant dans un systeme hypermedia. Nous presentons une ontologie apprenant basee sur des resultats des travaux des theories cognitives pour la description des profils apprenants.
Dissemination of the Fosfomycin Resistance Gene fosA3 with CTX-M β-Lactamase Genes and rmtB Carried on IncFII Plasmids among Escherichia coli Isolates from Pets in China

ABSTRACT The presence and characterization of plasmid-mediated fosfomycin resistance determinants among Escherichia coli isolates collected from pets in China between 2006 and 2010 were investigated. Twenty-nine isolates (9.0%) were positive for fosA3, and all of them were CTX-M producers. The fosA3 genes were flanked by IS26 and were localized on F2:A−:B− plasmids or on very similar F33:A−:B− plasmids carrying both blaCTX-M-65 and rmtB. These findings indicate that the fosA3 gene may be coselected by antimicrobials other than fosfomycin.
Accelerated ketoprofen release from spray-dried polymeric particles: importance of phase transitions and excipient distribution

Abstract HPMC-, PVPVA- and PVP-based microparticles loaded with 30% ketoprofen were prepared by spray drying suspensions or solutions in various water:ethanol blends. The inlet temperature, drying gas and feed flow rates were varied. The resulting differences in the ketoprofen release rates in 0.1 M HCl could be explained based on X-ray diffraction, mDSC, SEM and particle size analysis. Importantly, long term stable drug release could be provided, being much faster than: (i) drug release from a commercial reference product, (ii) the respective physical drug:polymer mixtures, as well as (iii) the dissolution of ketoprofen powder as received. In addition, highly supersaturated release media were obtained, which did not show any sign for re-crystallization during the observation period. Surprisingly, spraying suspensions resulted in larger microparticles exhibiting faster drug release compared to spraying solutions, which resulted in smaller particles exhibiting slower drug release. These effects could be explained based on the physico-chemical characteristics of the systems.
From waste to value in health care.

1. Benenson AS, ed. Control of Communicable Diseases in Man. 13th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association; 1980. 2. Heymann DL, ed. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 18th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association; 2004. 3. Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 26th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2003. 4. Interim Pre-Pandemic Planning Guidance: Community Strategy for Pandemic Influenza Mitigation In The United States: Early, Targeted, Layered Use of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services; February 2007. 5. Influenza Pandemic Operations Plan (OPLAN). Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention; December 2
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SOP1 andSOP2 Genes, Which Act in Cation Homeostasis, Can Be Functionally Substituted by the Drosophila lethal(2)giant larvae Tumor Suppressor Gene*

By complementation of a salt-sensitive mutant ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae, we cloned theSOP1 gene, encoding a 114.5-kDa protein of 1033 amino acids. Cells deleted for SOP1 exhibited sensitivity to sodium stress, but showed no sensitivity to general osmotic stress. Following exposure of sop1Δ cells to NaCl stress, the intracellular Na+ level and the Na+/K+ ratio rose to values significantly higher than in wild type cells. Deletion of SOP2, encoding a protein sharing 54% amino acid identity with Sop1p, produced only slight Na+ sensitivity. Cells carrying asop1Δsop2Δ double deletion became, however, hypersensitive to Na+ and exhibited increased sensitivity also to Li+ and K+, suggesting involvement of both SOP1 and SOP2 in cation homeostasis. The predicted amino acid sequences of Sop1p and Sop2p show significant homologies with the cytoskeletal-associated protein encoded by theDrosophila lethal(2)giant larvae tumor suppressor gene. Immunolocalization of Sop1p revealed a cytoplasmic distribution and cell fractionation studies showed that a significant fraction of Sop1p was recovered in a sedimentable fraction of the cytosolic material. Expression of a Drosophila l(2)gl cDNA in thesop1Δsop2Δ strain partially restored the Na+ tolerance of the cells, indicating a functional relationship between the Sop proteins and the tumor suppressor protein, and a novel function in cell homeostasis for this family of proteins extending from yeast to human.
CONFOUNDING ASYMMETRIES IN EVOLUTIONARY DIVERSIFICATION AND CHARACTER CHANGE

Abstract Studies of character evolution often assume that a phylogeny's shape is determined independently of the characters, which then evolve as mere passengers along the tree's branches. However, if the characters help shape the tree, but this is not considered, biased inferences can result. Simulations of asymmetrical speciation (i.e., one character state conferring a higher rate of speciation than another) result in data that are interpreted to show a higher rate of change toward the diversification-enhancing state, even though the rates to and from this state were in fact equal. Conversely, simulations of asymmetrical character change yield data that could be misinterpreted as showing asymmetrical rates of speciation. Studies of biased diversification and biased character change need to be unified by joint models and estimation methods, although how successfully the two processes can be teased apart remains to be seen.
DNA and RNA in anhydrous media: duplex, triplex, and G-quadruplex secondary structures in a deep eutectic solvent.

These eutecticmixtures are attractive alternatives to RTILs, as DESs can beless expensive, more synthetically accessible, nontoxic, andbiodegradable. Herein, we report that nucleic acids can formseveral secondary structures that reversibly denature withheating in a water-free DES. In some cases, the nucleic acidsequences studied exhibited different relative stabilities anddifferent secondary structures in the DES to those in aqueousmedia. The results presented suggest that DESs and RTILscan be used as media for nucleic acid based technologies, andthey have direct implications regarding the perceived neces-sity of water for nucleic acid secondary structure.
A Novel Approach for Automatic Detection and Classification of Suspicious Lesions in Breast Ultrasound Images

Abstract In this research, a new method for automatic detection and classification of suspected breast cancer lesions using ultrasound images is proposed. In this fully automated method, de-noising using fuzzy logic and correlation among ultrasound images taken from different angles is used. Feature selection using combination of sequential backward search, sequential forward search and distance-based methods is obtained. A new segmentation method based on automatic selection of seed points and region growing is proposed and classification of lesions into two malignant and benign classes using combination of AdaBoost, Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Support Vector Machine classifiers and majority voting is implemented.