Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variations and Gene Effect Controlling Grain Yield and Some of Its Components in Maize

Diallel cross analysis among seven diverse pure lines of maize, (IK8, IK58, ZP-707, OH40, UN44052, DK17 and HS) with their nonreciprocal 21 crosses, were carried out for estimating the nature and magnitude of gene effects through component and graphic analysis for characters: number of days to tasseling, number of days to silking, plant height, ear height, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, 300 grain weight and grain yield per plant. The results showed highly significant mean square of genotypes for all studied characters. Additive and dominance variances were found to be significant from zero for all the eight characters except number of days to tasseling and silking for which additive genetic variance was no significant. Dominance variance estimation was relatively higher than the additive variance for all characters. The graphic analysis suggested the presence of epistatic gene effects (non-allelic interaction) for number of days to tasseling, number of days to silking, plant height, number of grains per row and grain yield per plant. The estimates of narrow sense heritability varied from 1.85% for 300 grain weight to 49.88% for ear height, it was moderate in case of ear height and low for the remainder characters.
Cyanobacterial genome evolution subsequent to domestication by a plant (Azolla)

Background: An ancient cyanobacterial incorporation into a eukaryotic organism led to the evolution of plastids (chloroplasts) and subsequently to the origin of the plant kingdom. The underlying mechanism and the identities of the partners in this monophyletic event remain elusive. Methodology/Principal Findings: To shed light on this evolutionary process, we sequenced the genome of a cyanobacterium residing extracellularly in an endosymbiosis with a plant, the water-fern Azolla filiculoides Lam. This symbiosis was selected as it has characters which make it unique among extant cyanobacterial plant symbioses: the cyanobacterium lacks autonomous growth and is vertically transmitted between plant generations. Our results reveal features of evolutionary significance. The genome is in an eroding state, evidenced by a large proportion of pseudogenes (31.2%) and a high frequency of transposable elements (similar to 600) scattered throughout the genome. Pseudogenization is found in genes such as the replication initiator dnaA and DNA repair genes, considered essential to free-living cyanobacteria. For some functional categories of genes pseudogenes are more prevalent than functional genes. Loss of function is apparent even within the 'core' gene categories of bacteria, such as genes involved in glycolysis and nutrient uptake. In contrast, serving as a critical source of nitrogen for the host, genes related to metabolic processes such as cell differentiation and nitrogen-fixation are well preserved. Conclusions/Significance: This is the first finding of genome degradation in a plant symbiont and phenotypically complex cyanobacterium and one of only a few extracellular endosymbionts described showing signs of reductive genome evolution. Our findings suggest an ongoing selective streamlining of this cyanobacterial genome which has resulted in an organism devoted to nitrogen fixation and devoid of autonomous growth. The cyanobacterial symbiont of Azolla can thus be considered at the initial phase of a transition from free-living organism to a nitrogen-fixing plant entity, a transition process which may mimic what drove the evolution of chloroplasts from a cyanobacterial ancestor.
Shelf-life extension of chicken patties with the application of multiple hurdles and modified atmospheres packaging

The present study was undertaken to know the effect of hurdle treatments on the quality of chicken meat patties (CMP) during storage at 27±2 °C under modified atmospheres packaging (MAP) condition. A total three samples were prepared viz. (i) control (T0), (ii) smoke treated (T1) and (iii) chitosan coating + smoke treated (T2). The products were drawn at 3 days interval and evaluated for various physico-chemical parameters, sensory attributes and microbiological quality. Results indicated that both smoking alone and chitosan coating in combination with smoking had significant effect on pH of chicken patties. Lipid stability study indicates control samples showed higher TBARS values as compared to treatment groups. This sample exhibited TBARS value of 1.69 mg malonaldehyde (MDA) per kg of sample which is near to threshold value of lipid oxidation (2.0 mg MDA/kg). T1 samples showed lower TBARS value, FFA content, moisture % and water activity (aw) than their counter part control and T2. Lovibond tintometer colour value suggested that treated products were darker (lower L- value) and shown to have higher redness (a-value) and yellowness (b) values as compared to control. However, both the ‘a’ and ‘b’ values decrease with the increased storage period. Texture profile analysis revealed that hardness value was more for T1 products. Both the treated products exhibited comparable sensory scores while control showed least. Standard plate count was higher for T2 samples as compared to T1. The control patties were spoiled on the day 3 while T1 and T2 samples can be well stored up to day 12 and 9, respectively. In general, the use of hurdles could substantially improve the shelf life of chicken meat patties during room temperature storage.
MICROWAVE ASSISTED SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NICKEL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES

Kalpanadevi, K*. and R. Manimekalai Department of Chemistry, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore. *E.mail: drkalpanadevik@gmail.com Nickel oxide (NiO) nano-particles were produced via a simple microwave method from the Ni(OH)2 precursor, which was obtained by slow drop-wise addition of 0.1M sodium hydroxide to 0.1M nickel nitrate. The mixture was vigorously stirred until the pH reached 7.2. The mixture was then irradiated with microwave to deposit Ni(OH)2 at a better precipitation rate. Drying the precipitate at 320°C resulted in formation of NiO nanoparticles. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), employed for the structural characterization of the as-prepared NiO nanoparticles, revealed their good crystallinity and high-purity. Microwave irradiation increased homogeneity and decreased the mean particle size of the produced NiO particles.
Microbial life and deposits in paper machine circuits

30/2007 Tiina Sikanen SU-8-Based Microchips for Capillary Electrophoresis and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry 31/2007 Pieta Mattila Missing-In-Metastasis (MIM)Regulates Cell Morphology by Promoting Plasma Membrane and Actin Cytoskeleton Dynamics 32/2007 Justus Reunanen Lantibiotic Nisin and Its Detection Methods 33/2007 Anton Shmelev Folding and Selective Exit of Reporter Proteins from the Yeast Endoplasmic Reticulum 1/2008 Elina Jaaskelainen Assessment and Control of Bacillus cereus Emetic Toxin in Food 2/2008 Samuli Hirsjarvi Preparation and Characterization of Poly(Lactic Acid) Nanoparticles for Pharmaceutical Use 3/2008 Kati Hakala Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in Studies of Drug Metabolism and Permeability 4/2008 Hong Li The Structural and Functional Roles of KCC2 in the Developing Cortex 5/2008 Andrey Golubtsov Mechanisms for Alphavirus Nonstructural Polyprotein Processing 6/2008 Topi Tervonen Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells in Fragile X Syndrome 7/2008 Ingo Bichlmaier Stereochemical and Steric Control of Enzymatic Glucuronidation. A Rational Approach for the Design of Novel Inhibitors for the Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 8/2008 Anna Nurmi Health from Herbs? Antioxidant Studies on Selected Lamiaceae Herbs in vitro and in Humans 9/2008 Karin Kogermann Understanding Solid-State Transformations During Dehydration: New Insights Using Vibrational Spectroscopy and Multivariate Modelling 10/2008 Enni Bertling The Role of Cyclase-Associated Protein (CAP) in Actin Dynamics During Cell Motility and Morphogenesis 11/2008 Simonas Laurinavicius Phospholipids of Lipid-Containing Bacteriophages and Their Transbilayer Distribution 12/2008 Elina Jarvinen Mechanisms and Molecular Regulation of Mammalian Tooth Replacement 13/2008 Reetta Ahlfors Ozone-Induced Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana 14/2008 Taina Suntio Alternate Pathways of the Early Secretory Route in Yeast 15/2008 Jani Kelloniemi Potato Virus A as a Heterologous Protein Expression Tool in Plants 16/2008 Kaisa Hanninen Characterization of Ion-Exchange Fibers for Controlled Drug Delivery 17/2208 Outi Niemenmaa Monitoring of Fungal Growth and Degradation of Wood 18/2008 Raili Ruonala Time to Rest – Signals in Shoot Apex Developmental Transitions Underlying Dormancy 19/2008 Janette Hakovirta Modern Techniques in Detection, Identifi cation, and Quantifi cation of Bacteria and Peptides from Foods
Ethnomedicinal, Antibacterial and Antifungal Potentiality of Centella asiatica, Nerium indicum and Cuscuta reflexa - Widely Used In Tiwa Tribe of Morigaon district of Assam, India.

In Assam, Approximately 17 different types of Tribes are residing from immemorial times. They have lots of knowledge to remedy disease by using various medicinal plants. The aim of our study is to extract out the knowledge of those plants having the medicinal values and examine the laboratory based antibacterial and antifungal property. The selection of these three plants was based on highly uses by the Tiwa Tribes in gastrointestinal troubles and skin diseases. Aquous and 50% ethanolic extract was prepared from the plants and screened against enteropathogenic bacteria E.coli ( MTCC723 ), Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 10619 ) and Staphyllococcus aureus ( MTCC96 ). Antifungal activity were tested against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans . Centella asiatica and Nerium indicum showed good results against E.coli and Bacillus subtilis and Cuscuta reflexa showed higher activity against S. aureus . In case of antifungal activity, Centella asiatica results were found fruitful in comparison to the others.
Introduction to Population Genetics

1. Introduction. 2. Genetic Variation. 3. The Hardy-Weinberg Principle. 4. Recombination, Linkage, and Disequilibrium. 5. Natural Selection I: Basic Models. 6. Mutation. 7. Genetic Drift. 8. Inbreeding and Nonrandom Mating. 9. Population Subdivision and Gene Flow. 10. Molecular Population Genetics. 11. Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics. 12. Natural Selection II: Balancing Selection and Advanced Models. 13. Quantitative Genetics. Appendix A. Probability and Random Variables. Appendix B. Computer Software for Population Genetics. Answers to Problems, Literature Cited. Index.
PARENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF TEMPERAMENT AND PREFERENCE FUNCTIONS OF THEIR CHILDREN

Despite support for the existence and clinical importance of temperament differences in children, the phenomenon is not well understood. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of children aged 9–15 years. The data analysis before intervention revealed that none of the parents participating in this study identified temperament as a possible variable that influenced their child’s behaviour. Children then completed the prototype temperament sorter. Parents received verbal feedback regarding their children’s temperament and preference functions. Interviews were again conducted. The parents changed their focus and became more aware of the child’s nature and started to validate the child’s unique being.
Extremophilic microbes: Diversity and perspectives

A variety of microbes inhabit extreme environments. Extreme is a relative term, which is viewed compared to what is normal for human beings. Extreme environments include high temperature, pH, pressure, salt concentration,and low temperature, pH, nutrient concentration and water availability, and also conditions having high levels of radiation, harmful heavy metals and toxic compounds (organic solvents). Culture-dependent and culture-independent (molecular) methods have been employed for understanding the diversity of microbes in these environments. Extensive global research efforts have revealed the novel diversity of extremophilic microbes. These organisms have evolved several structural and chemical adaptations, which allow them to survive and grow in extreme environments. The enzymes of these microbes, which function in extreme environments (extremozymes), have several biotechnological applications. Antibiotics, compatible solutes and other compounds obtainable from these microbes are also finding a variety of uses.
Chalcone synthase variation and phylogenetic relationships in Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae)

Different authors have demonstrated the usefulness of single-copy nuclear genes in unravelling the evolution of polyploid species' complexes. We used the chalcone synthase gene family to analyse relationships among several Dactylorhiza species belonging to the main diploid and tetraploid lineages of this genus and to evaluate relationships between Dactylorhiza and other orchid genera that traditionally have been considered to be closely related. Overall, 59 sequences from 19 taxa were analysed using parsimony and Bayesian inference. In our results, we recover a sister relationship between Dactylorhiza and Gymnadenia. In addition, our results support the idea that genera Coeloglossum and Dactylorhiza should be merged into one taxonomic entity. Finally, we add some information on the origin of allotetraploid Dactylorhiza taxa, such as D. praetermissa and D. elata. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 163, 155–165.
The sperm proteome of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and immunolocalization of heat shock proteins

The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is a potential model organism of bivalve mollusks. Comprehensive studies on the proteome of its sperm are necessary to expand our understanding on its reproduction and development, which however are still poor currently. In this study, to improve the situation, we conducted a proteomic analysis on the sperm based on two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with protein identification through mass spectra data. Fifty-six protein spots with constant and relatively high expression levels were selected for protein identification. Among them, 36 were identified (corresponding to 31 proteins), including cytoskeletal proteins, proteins involved in energy supply, protein modifiers, signal regulators, antioxidant proteins, and others. We proposed that these proteins might play important roles in sperm motility, gamete interaction, and oxidation resistance. In particular, we observed several heat shock proteins that were proved to play essential roles in animal sperms. A further immunofluorescence experiment revealed a mitochondria localization of Hsp60s and wide distributions of Hsp70s, indicating these proteins might function in various processes such as mitochondrial function, gamete interaction, and regulation of receptor activity. Our data will provide fundamental supports for the studies on the mechanisms of fertilization and contribute to expand the understandings on reproduction and development of bivalve mollusks.
Plant-derived natural products : synthesis, function, and application

The chemical composition of plants. - to the Different Classes of Natural Products. - Natural Products from Seaweeds. - Use of Secondary Metabolite Variation in Crop Improvement. - Approaches to the Analysis of Plant-Derived Natural Products. - Opportunities and Challenges for Ethnobotany at the Start of the Twenty-First Century. - Secondary metabolite biosynthesis. - to the Different Classes of Biosynthetic Enzymes. - Methods for Molecular Identification of Biosynthetic Enzymes in Plants. - Regulation of Secondary Metabolism by Jasmonate Hormones. - Metabolite Channeling and Multi-enzyme Complexes. - Glycosylation of Secondary Metabolites and Xenobiotics. - Handling Dangerous Molecules: Transport and Compartmentation of Plant Natural Products. - Participation of Phytochemicals in Plant Development and Growth. - Biological activity. - Biological Activity of Defence-Related Plant Secondary Metabolites. - The Role of Natural Products in Plant-Microbe Interactions. - Role of Natural Products in Nature: Plant-Insect Interactions. - Oligosaccharide Signalling Molecules. - Biological Activity of Allelochemicals. - Health Benefits of Dietary Plant Natural Products. - Floral Scents and Fruit Aromas Inspired by Nature. - New trends. - Bioengineering. - Genome Wide Approaches in Natural Product Research. - Metabolomics and the Detection of Unintended Effects in Genetically Modified Crops. - Recent Advances in Traditional Medicines and Dietary Supplements. - Plant-derived natural products as leads for drug discovery. - Speciality Non-food Crops.
Satellite Cell Subpopulations and Environmental Mediators of their Function: Implications for Stem Cell Therapy in Skeletal Muscle

Satellite cells are myogenic cells found between the basal lamina and the sarcolemma of the muscle fibre (myofibre). Satellite cells are the source of new myofibres; as such, satellite cell transplantation holds promise as a treatment for muscular dystrophies. There is a need to investigate factors that enable satellite cell survival and/or proliferation post engraftment in order to obtain the optimal donor cell and host environment for efficient satellite cell transplantation. I have investigated sex differences in mouse satellite cell populations across the lifespan in vitro and in vivo. I show that satellite cell number and myogenic regulator factor expressions differ according to sex and developmental stage. Despite this, I show that engraftment efficiency is not mediated by the age or sex of the host or the donor. I hypothesise that there are two distinct satellite cell populations: one for muscle growth and maintenance and one for muscle regeneration. I have used high doses of ionising radiation to separate radio-resistant from radio-sensitive satellite cells. I demonstrate that radio resistant satellite cells do not contribute to growth, but are able to contribute to host muscle regeneration post transplantation and have compared their expression pro files using microarray. I hypothesise that satellite cells able to survive high dose ionizing radiation are the same population of satellite cells that are able to survive transplantation. Engraftment efficiency is greatly improved if host muscle is exposed to ionizing radiation prior to engraftment. I demonstrate that elimination of the host satellite cell pool is not sufficient to account for the improved engraftment efficiency with radiation and I have therefore investigated the role of the vasculature as a mediator of radiation induced improvement in engraftment efficiency.
Identyfikacja wybranych gatunkow grzybow z rodzaju Fusarium z nasion niektorych gatunkow roslin uprawnych metoda tradycyjna i BIO-PCR

We identified a species level of the fungal cultures isolated from selected crop seeds using traditional method and BIO-PCR. The use of BIO-PCR did not correspond completely to the morphological analyses. Both methods showed increased infection with F. poae in winter wheat seed sample originated from north Poland. Fungal culture No 40 (isolated from faba bean and identified with traditional method as mixed culture with F. culmorum and F. graminearum ) did not produce expected product after PCR reaction with species specific primers OPT18F 470 , OPT18R 470 . However, the use of additional primers Fc01F, Fc01R allowed for reliable identification of F. culmorum in the culture.
Foraging Interference and Fruit Palatability in Pteropus Scapulatus (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae): Management Implications

The “residents and raiders” theory emphasizes the importance of conspecific feeding interference in seed dispersal by frugivorous megachiropterans. Agonistic interactions at fruiting trees frequently result in the “ejection” of one bat, which has often first obtained some fruit. The ejected bat then flies to an unoccupied tree, thus dispersing non-consumed seeds. For seeds too large to be swallowed this may be the sole method of dispersal. Raiding and subsequent seed spread only occur when bat populations are sufficiently large, relative to resources, to cause competition for food. If competition similarly affects nectarivorous bats and their floral resources, decline in a bat population could lead to reduced seed set and genetic diversity in their food-plant species. Pteropus scapulatus (Little Red Flying Fox) visit the flowers of dozens of Australian and New Guinean species and are believed to play an important role in the pollination of Eucalyptus and Melaleuca. Feeding-interference and raiding “success” by P. scapulatus eating fruit at Wellington Zoo (New Zealand) was studied to infer the importance of population size on cross-pollination. Decrease in population-to-resource ratio was correlated with decrease in raiding frequency, suggesting a decreased likelihood of cross pollination. These results highlight the value of management practices that promote the maintenance of large populations of nectarivorous megachiropterans. The effects of dominance and food preference on these behaviours were also evaluated. Dominance was inversely correlated to both dispersal and maturity. Contrary to many reports, females were not always subordinate to males. Fruit preference data may be useful for selecting “distracter” trees in orchards prone to damage by fruit bats and for ex situ husbandry concerns. Implications for population-, orchard-, and captive-management are discussed.
The same γ‐secretase accounts for the multiple intramembrane cleavages of APP

It has been hypothesized that different C‐terminus of β‐amyloid peptide (Aβ) may be generated by different γ‐secretase activities. Recently, we have identified a new ζ‐cleavage site at Aβ46, leading to an important finding that the C‐terminus of Aβ is produced by a series of sequential cleavages. This finding prompted us to examine the effects of the known γ‐secretase inhibitors on different steps of the γ‐secretase‐mediated sequential cleavages and specifically their effects on the formation and turnover of the intermediate Aβ46. Our results demonstrate that some of the known inhibitors, such as L‐685,458 and III‐31C as well as inhibitors IV and V, inhibit the formation of secreted Aβ40/42 by inhibiting the formation of the intermediate Aβ46. However, most of the other inhibitors show no inhibitory effect on the formation of the intermediate Aβ46, but rather inhibit the turnover of Aβ46, resulting in its accumulation. In addition, the non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ibuprofen and sulindac sulfide have no effect on the formation and turnover of Aβ46, but rather modulate the ratio of secreted Aβ at a step after the formation of Aβ40 and Aβ42. Thus, our data strongly suggest that the multi‐sequential intramembrane cleavages of amyloid precursor protein C (APP) are likely catalyzed by the same γ‐secretase.