Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in suicide mortality in Newfoundland and Labrador: An observational study with medical examiner data from 1997 to 2016.

Background Globally, the suicide rate is two times higher for males than for females. Previous studies in Newfoundland and Labrador did not examine age-specific rates by sex. The objectives of this study were to determine suicide rates by sex and age group and to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of males and females who died by suicide. Data and methods This observational study analyzed a routinely collected dataset based on all medical examiner-determined suicide deaths among people aged 10 years and older in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, between 1997 and 2016. Age-standardized and age-specific suicide rates and rate ratios were calculated based on the number of deaths during the period, and descriptive statistics were used to compare demographic and clinical characteristics between males and females. Results The age-standardized suicide rate was 4.6 times higher among males than females and was higher for males in most age groups. Rates were highest in the young adult age groups for males (20 to 24 years) and females (35 to 39 years). Males who died by suicide were more likely to be from a rural community and to have died by firearm; females were more likely to die by self-poisoning and to have had a mental illness or substance use history. Interpretation The results are broadly consistent with previous research, though this is the first study to report age-specific suicide rates among females across the life course in Newfoundland and Labrador. The results underscore the need to design public health and clinical interventions that account for sex differences in suicide risks.
Hanging the coat on a collar: Same function but different localization and mechanism for COPII

An entirely different mechanism and localization were recently proposed for the COPII coat complex, challenging its well‐accepted function to select and concentrate cargo into small COPII‐coated spherical transport vesicles. Instead, the COPII complex is suggested to form a dynamic yet stationary collar that forms a boundary between the ER and the ER export membrane domain. This membrane domain, the ER exit site (ERES), is the site of COPII‐mediated sorting and concentration of transport competent proteins. Subsequently, the ERES is implicated to mature and bud to form a sizeable pleiomorphic transport carrier that translocate on microtubules to fuse with the Golgi apparatus. Despite this drastic mechanistic dogma shift, most of the underlying protein‐protein and protein‐membrane interactions remain unchanged. Here, we attempt to provide a detailed description of the newly proposed model of how ER to Golgi transport works by describing the role of several essential proteins of the transport machinery.
Relationship between items of DMIST and healing of diabetic foot ulcers

A monitoring tool for the wound‐healing process of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) was developed. It comprises seven domains, namely, depth, maceration, inflammation/infection, size, tissue type of the wound bed, type of wound edge, and tunnelling/undermining. It was named “DMIST” based on the initials of its domains. Although DMIST is useful for assessing wound‐healing processes, the monitoring items related to wound healing remain unclear, thereby making the selection of optimal care based on the assessment difficult. We identified the relationship between the DMIST items and wound healing. This study was a secondary analysis of five previous investigations and was conducted using DMIST based on the diabetic foot ulcer assessment scale score and DFU images. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) after simultaneously controlling for potential confounders. The examined DFU healing status revealed that some DFUs healed at 4 weeks from baseline, whereas some DFUs did not. Variables considered in the models were the scores of each DMIST domain. The study population comprised 146 Indonesian patients and 33 Japanese patients. Depth, maceration, and size were associated with DFU healing at 4 weeks from baseline [depth: OR = 0.317 (95% CI: 0.145‐0.693, P = 0.004); maceration: OR = 0.445 (95% CI: 0.221‐0.896, P = 0.023); size: OR = 0.623 (95% CI: 0.451‐0.862, P = 0.004)]. Our findings suggest that appropriate management of maceration promotes DFU healing.
Predictive Polygenic Score for Outcome after First-Line Oxaliplatin-Based Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer Patients Using Supervised Principal Component Analysis

Abstract Background: Associations between candidate germline genetic variants and treatment outcome of oxaliplatin, a drug commonly used for patients with colorectal cancer, have been reported but not robustly established. This study aimed to construct polygenic hazard scores (PHSs) as predictive markers for oxaliplatin treatment outcome by using a supervised principal component approach (PCA). Methods: Genome-wide association analysis for overall survival, including interaction terms (SNP*treatment type) was carried out using two phase III trials, 3,098 resected stage III colon cancer (rCC) patients of NCCTG N0147 and 506 metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients of NCCTG N9741, separately. SNPs showing interaction with genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10–8) were selected for PCA to derive a PHS. PHS interaction with treatment was included in Cox regression models to predict outcome. Replication of prediction models was performed in an independent cohort, DACHS. Results: The two PHSs based on the first two principal components of selected SNPs (15SNPs for rCC and 13SNPs for mCRC) were used to construct interaction terms with treatment type and included in models adjusted for clinical covariables. However, in the DACHS study, the addition of the two PHS terms to clinical models did not improve the prediction error in either patients with rCC or mCRC. PHS interaction was also not replicated. Conclusions: The PHSs derived using principal components efficiently combined multiple predictive SNPs for estimating likelihood of benefit from oxaliplatin versus other treatment but could not be replicated. Impact: These results highlight the potential but also challenges in generating evidence for a predictive polygenic score for oxaliplatin efficacy.
Biomaterials with stiffness gradient for interface tissue engineering

Interface tissue engineering is a rapidly growing field that aims to develop engineered tissue alternates with the goal of promoting integration between multiple tissue types. Engineering interface tissues is a challenging process, which requires biomaterials with specific composition, stiffness, cell types, and biochemical molecules. Among these, stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior. Especially these substrates with graded stiffness are advantageous since they allow multiple cell types differentiation and the following tissue development. In this review, we highlight various types of manufacturing techniques that can be applied to fabricate scaffolds with stiffness gradient, discuss methods to characterize them, and gradient biomaterials for regulating cellular behavior including attachment, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. We also address fundamentals of interface tissue organization, and stiffness gradient biomaterials for interface tissue regeneration. Potential challenges and future prospects of this emerging field are also included.
Does hand function continue to develop in older children and adolescents with cerebral palsy?

schoolage. They also had lower wholebrain grey and white matter volumes, hippocampal and thalamic volumes than typically developing peers. Cortical injury on neonatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was associated with reduced volumes of hippocampi, thalami, grey matter, and white matter. While some of the analysis is exploratory, it is nevertheless important. These neuroimaging data add to the earlier reports of suboptimal cognition, working memory, and lower volume of mammillary bodies from this cohort while raising some important new questions. Why does hippocampal injury persist in children without CP despite rescue hypothermic neuroprotection? Excluding children with CP suggests that this cohort of cooled infants were probably at the milder end of neonatal brain injury, where hypothermia is expected to be more neuroprotective. Hippocampus is one of the first regions to be injured in preclinical models of hypoxic– ischemic injury, well before deep brain nuclei injury. And yet no clear correlation of clinical condition at birth and injury to hippocampus or mammillary bodies is apparent. These issues are further complicated by the fact that hippocampus is not fully developed in humans before the age of 4 years; hence these injuries may be overlooked on neonatal MRI, especially when thicker slices are used. Although preclinical models of single acute hypoxiaischemia have had a major role in the discovery of hypothermic neuroprotection, clinical scenario is far more heterogenous than current preclinical models. More complex preclinical models, representative of clinical scenario, are required to further advance the field of neuroprotection. Another major implication of these observations relates to the therapeutic drift of cooling in mild encephalopathy. Although CP is unlikely after mild encephalopathy, many of these infants have cognitive and memory deficits during childhood. Does it mean that hypothermia may not benefit these infants? Clearly, further research is required to explore these issues.
Patient Preferences for Waiting Time and Kidney Quality

Visual Abstract Background and objectives Approximately 20% of deceased donor kidneys are discarded each year in the United States. Some of these kidneys could benefit patients who are waitlisted. Understanding patient preferences regarding accepting marginal-quality kidneys could help more of the currently discarded kidneys be transplanted. Design, setting, participants, & measurements This study uses a discrete choice experiment that presents a deceased donor kidney to patients who are waiting for, or have received, a kidney transplant. The choices involve trade-offs between accepting a kidney today or a future kidney. The options were designed experimentally to quantify the relative importance of kidney quality (expected graft survival and level of kidney function) and waiting time. Choices were analyzed using a random-parameters logit model and latent-class analysis. Results In total, 605 participants completed the discrete choice experiment. Respondents made trade-offs between kidney quality and waiting time. The average respondent would accept a kidney today, with 6.5 years of expected graft survival (95% confidence interval, 5.9 to 7.0), to avoid waiting 2 additional years for a kidney, with 11 years of expected graft survival. Three patient-preference classes were identified. Class 1 was averse to additional waiting time, but still responsive to improvements in kidney quality. Class 2 was less willing to accept increases in waiting time for improvements in kidney quality. Class 3 was willing to accept increases in waiting time even for small improvements in kidney quality. Relative to class 1, respondents in class 3 were likely to be age ≤61 years and to be waitlisted before starting dialysis, and respondents in class 2 were more likely to be older, Black, not have a college degree, and have lower Karnofsky performance status. Conclusions Participants preferred accepting a lower-quality kidney in return for shorter waiting time, particularly those who were older and had lower functional status.
Hydrogen sulfide mitigates skeletal muscle mitophagy‐led tissue remodeling via epigenetic regulation of the gene writer and eraser function

Ketone bodies (KB) serve as the food for mitochondrial biogenetics. Interestingly, probiotics are known to promote KB formation in the gut (especially those that belong to the Lactobacillus genus). Furthermore, Lactobacillus helps produce folate that lowers the levels of homocysteine (Hcy); a hallmark non‐proteinogenic amino acid that defines the importance of epigenetics, and its landscape. In this study, we decided to test whether hydrogen sulfide (H2S), another Hcy lowering agent regulates the epigenetic gene writer DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), eraser FTO and TET2, and thus mitigates the skeletal muscle remodeling. We treated hyperhomocysteinemic (HHcy, cystathionine beta‐synthase heterozygote knockout; CBS+/−) mice with NaHS (the H2S donor). The results suggested multi‐organ damage by HHcy in the CBS+/−mouse strain compared with WT control mice (CBS+/+). H2S treatment abrogated most of the HHcy‐induced damage. The levels of gene writer (DNMT2) and H3K9 (methylation) were higher in the CBS+/− mice, and the H2S treatment normalized their levels. More importantly, the levels of eraser FTO, TET, and associated GADD45, and MMP‐13 were decreased in the CBS+/− mice; however, H2S treatment mitigated their respective decrease. These events were associated with mitochondrial fission, i.e., an increase in DRP1, and mitophagy. Although the MMP‐2 level was lower in CBS+/− compared to WT but H2S could further lower it in the CBS+/− mice. The MMPs levels were associated with an increase in interstitial fibrosis in the CBS+/− skeletal muscle. Due to fibrosis, the femoral artery blood flow was reduced in the CBS+/− mice, and that was normalized by H2S. The bone and muscle strengths were found to be decreased in the CBS+/− mice but the H2S treatment normalized skeletal muscle strength in the CBS+/− mice. Our findings suggest that H2S mitigates the mitophagy‐led skeletal muscle remodeling via epigenetic regulation of the gene writer and eraser function.
Left, right, left, right: 24-36-months-olds' planning and execution of simple alternating actions.

This study investigated toddlers' ability to control simple alternating pattern actions, and how this relates to motor competence and executive functions. 70 toddlers between 24 and 36 months of age were instructed to sort coins in an alternating pattern into two boxes; left, right, left, right etc. Executive functions and memory competence performance were assessed in additional small games. The results showed that the ability to plan and execute actions according to a simple extended alternating pattern improved over toddlerhood. Furthermore, working memory and motor competence scores were both independent predictors of the ability to plan and execute simple alternating actions. These findings underscore the fact that between 24 and 36 months of age is a period in which the ability to string together multiple actions in a sequence to achieve a distal goal is still developing.
Risk of serious adverse events associated with non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in orthopaedic surgery. A protocol for a systematic review

Postoperative pain is a common condition following orthopaedic surgeries and causes prolonged hospitalisation, delayed rehabilitation and hamper the quality of life. Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective analgesics and anti‐inflammatory mediators in the treatment of postoperative pain. The association of NSAIDs with serious adverse events may however keep some clinicians and clinical decision makers from using NSAIDs perioperatively. The evidence regarding the risks of serious adverse events following perioperative use of NSAIDs in orthopaedic surgery is sparse and needs to be assessed in a systematic review. This is a protocol for a systematic review that aims to identify the risks of serious adverse events from perioperative use of NSAIDs in orthopaedic patients.
PLC Based SCADA for Micro Hydroelectric Power Plants

The demand for electrical energy in the world is increasing every year. Hydroelectric Power Plants (HPP) in electricity generation are method is very commonly used. Hydroelectric power plants are huge facilities and occupy large areas. Hydroelectric power plants have a lot of special control and commination systems. Along with the increasing number of hydroelectric power plants applications, the need for the education of those systems has been unavoidable in engineering education. Training hydroelectric power plants, especially theoretically continue in the field of engineering. This is a problem. In this study, a prototype has been developed. Improved Micro Hydroelectric Power Plants (MHPP) by analyzing the performance of the prototype, the model are validated. 
Dynamics of Hierarchical Task Representations

Task representations are critical for cognitive control and adaptive behavior. The hierarchical organization of task representations allows humans to maintain goals, integrate information across varying contexts, and select potential responses. In this study we characterized the structure and interactive dynamics of task representations that facilitate cognitive control. Human participants (both males and females) performed a hierarchical task that required them to select a response rule while considering the contingencies from different contextual inputs. By applying time- and frequency-resolved representational similarity analysis to human electroencephalography data, we characterized properties of task representations that are otherwise difficult to observe. We found that participants formed multiple representations of task-relevant contexts and features from the presented stimuli, beyond simple stimulus–response mappings. These disparate representations were hierarchically structured, with higher-order contextual representations dominantly influencing subordinate representations of task features and response rules. Furthermore, this cascade of top-down interactions facilitated faster responses. Our results describe key properties of task representations that support hierarchical cognitive control. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Humans can adjust their actions in response to contingencies imposed by the environment. Although it has long been hypothesized that this ability depends on mental representations of tasks, the neural dynamics of task representations have been difficult to characterize. Our study used electroencephalography data from human participants to demonstrate the neural organization and interactive dynamics of task representations. Our results revealed a top-down, hierarchically organized representational structure that encoded multiple contexts and features from the environment. To support cognitive control, higher-level contextual representations influenced subordinate representations of task-relevant features and potential responses, facilitating response selection in a context-dependent manner. Our results provide direct evidence of organizational properties of task representations, which are cornerstones of cognitive control theories.
Developmental Changes in Coarticulation Degree Relate to Differences in Articulatory Patterns: An Empirically Grounded Modeling Approach.

PURPOSE Coarticulatory effects in speech vary across development, but the sources of this variation remain unclear. This study investigated whether developmental differences in intrasyllabic coarticulation degree could be explained by differences in children's articulatory patterns compared to adults. METHOD To address this question, we first compared the tongue configurations of 3- to 7-year-old German children to those of adults. The observed developmental differences were then examined through simulations with Task Dynamics Application, a Task Dynamics simulation system, to establish which articulatory modifications could best reproduce the empirical results. To generate syllables simulating the lack of tongue gesture differentiation, we tested three simulation scenarios. RESULTS We found that younger speakers use less differentiated articulatory patterns to achieve alveolar constrictions than adults. The simulations corresponding to undifferentiated control of tongue tip and tongue body resulted in (a) tongue shapes similar to those observed in natural speech and (b) higher degrees of intrasyllabic coarticulation in children when compared to adults. CONCLUSIONS Results provide evidence that differences in articulatory patterns contribute to developmental differences in coarticulation degree. This study further shows that empirically informed modeling can advance our understanding of changes in coarticulatory patterns across age.
Following Other People’s Footsteps: A Contextual-Attraction Effect Induced by Biological Motion

Our visual system is bombarded with numerous social interactions that form intangible social bonds among people, as exemplified by synchronized walking in crowds. Here, we investigated whether these perceived social bonds implicitly intrude on visual perception and induce a contextual effect. Using multiple point-light walkers and a classical contextual paradigm, we tested 72 college-age adults across six experiments and found that the perceived direction of the central walker was attracted toward the direction of the surrounding walkers. The observed contextual-attraction effect occurred even when the surrounding walkers differed from the central walker in gender and walking speed but disappeared when they were asynchronously presented or replaced by inanimate motion. Strikingly, this contextual-attraction effect partially persisted in the context of local motion rather than static figures. These findings, in contrast to the typical contextual-repulsion effect, lend support for the distinctiveness of perceived social bonds on contextual modulation and suggest a specialized contextual mechanism tuned to social factors.