Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fermentation characteristics and chemical composition of elephant grass silage with ground maize and fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria

This study aimed to evaluate the microbial populations, fermentation profile, dry matter recovery and chemical composition of elephant grass silage with ground maize (GM) and the fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB). A factorial design was used with four levels of GM (0 g/kg, 50 g/kg, 100 g/kg and 200 g/kg), untreated or treated with FJLB, in a completely randomized design with five replicates. A pre-experiment was undertaken to determine the optimum level of sucrose to be added to fermented juice for the development of epiphytic microflora. In this pre-experiment, a completely randomized design with three replications was used. The treatments were represented by the levels of sucrose (0 g/kg, 5 g/kg, 10 g/kg, 20 g/kg, 40 g/kg, 60 g/kg and 80 g/kg, fresh matter basis). The microbial populations, dry matter recovery, and effluent losses were affected by the interaction between GM and FJLB. Dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) contents increased linearly with the inclusion of GM. The addition of GM enhanced the fermentation process via a reduction in losses, and improvements were identified in the nutritional value of elephant grass silages. The use of fermented juice increased dry matter recovery, and its effect was more pronounced when ground maize was added. Keywords: dry matter recovery, lactic acid, microbiology, Pennisetum purpureum
Selection and Inheritance of Tomato Resistance against Ralstonia solanacearum

Ralstonia solanacearum is a plant pathogen causes wilting which is a major obstacle in the cultivation of tomato plants. In plant breeding, knowledge of the source of resistance genes and inheritance patterns is important in the development of bacterial wilt resistant varieties. This study aimed to obtain bacterial wilt resistant lines and to find out the inheritance pattern of tomato resistance to bacterial wilt. Selection of resistant plant involved the selected breeding lines from irradiation and crossing collections of the Genetic Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Introduced lines of H-7996 and F1 Permata and Timoti were used as a control. H-7996 as resistant parents and GM2 as susceptible parents, and their offspring include F1 GM2 x H-7996, F1 reciprocal, F2, Back Cross 1 (F1 x GM2), and Back Cross 2 (F1 x H-7996) used in testing inheritance patterns. Inoculation was carried out 1 week after planting by pouring 100 ml of water suspension of R. solanacarum (108 cfu/ml) on the roots. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this experiment. The scoring observation was carried out every week for one month. This study showed that Permata as a control was the most resistant, while Timoti and H-7996 were medium resistant. The CLN, G6, G8, and G7 lines were susceptible medium, yet only G8 and G7 with the smallest percentage of disease intensity and not significantly different than Timoti. The resistance gene to bacterial wilt on H-7996 was controlled by genes in the cell nucleus with additive-dominant gene action. Resistance to bacteria has a moderate level of heritability.
Juvenile fish in Cystoseira forests: influence of habitat complexity and depth on fish behaviour and assemblage composition

The sublittoral forests formed by the fucoid algae Cystoseira spp. are important juvenile habitats for many Mediterranean fish species. However, the spatial variability of juvenile fish assemblages within the forests and the potential environmental drivers, such as depth and habitat complexity, remain poorly understood. We estimated densities, sizes and behaviours of juvenile fish assemblages in subtidal (0-15 meters) Cystoseira brachycarpa var. balearica forests in north Minorca Island (North-western Mediterranean Sea) over two consecutive autumns (2012 and 2013). Depth and forest complexity, here measured as canopy volume, had both a significant and independent effect on the juvenile fish assemblages in terms of species abundance composition and body size. Assemblages found in the shallowest depth range (3-4m) were characterized by greater densities of the ornate wrasse Thalassoma pavo, while those deeper (10-12m) had higher densities of the rainbow wrasse Coris julis, independently of its size composition. Juveniles of both species were more abundant in less complex forests; conversely juveniles of wrasses of the genus Symphodus were more abundant in more complex forests. The smallest sizes of T. pavo occurred in the most complex forests. On the other hand, our results demonstrated that juvenile fish behaviours were unrelated to the complexity of the Cystoseira forests but mainly related to the body length. The effects of body length on behaviour were however species dependent. Cryptic and transitory behaviours were mostly observed in the smallest and largest juveniles of T. pavo and C. julis, respectively, while the behaviour of Symphodus spp. was unrelated to their body length. Our study emphasises the importance of preserving healthy Cystoseira forests and their intrinsic patchy nature, as this habitat, with its mosaic of different complexity degrees and bathymetrical variability, enable the presence of different fish species at various life stages.
A cryptographic key management architecture for dynamic 6LowPan networks

Wireless sensor networks are becoming an important facilitator for the Internet of Things. These embedded devices can harvest dierent types of information such as temperature, pressure and humidity, which oer important data for making decisions regarding various applications such as healthcare, logistics and smart homes. Dierent sensors working together act as a local sensor network. With the advent of the new 6LowPan standard the sensor nodes can even participate in Internet communications, opening up even more possibilities. The downside is that these networks are more prone to intrusion by unwanted parties. Furthermore implementing security is not straightforward due to the constrained nature of the sensor nodes, although dierent solutions have been proposed. One of the remaining and most challenging issues is the key management problem. In this paper, we propose a symmetric key management scheme for wireless sensor networks that uses tamper-proof hardware for key generation and distribution. The scheme requires no deployment knowledge before enrolling and makes use of a trusted central entity for key negotiation to provide end-to-end security. Our implementation and evaluation were performed on the tiny Zolertia Z1 hardware platform, running Contiki-OS. The performance and security evaluation show This work is funded by the IWT-TETRA project 120105: 6LoWPAN - Towards zero
An Efficient Algorithm based on Modularity Optimization

Digital images are much more pervasive than they were a number of years ago, causing in the critical need for the exploration of images, such as object recognition, image searching, indexing, and categorization. For some applications, such as image recognition or compression, we cannot process the whole image directly for the reason that it is inefficient and unpractical. As a very vital step for these high level image exploration tasks, image segmentation is a pre-processing process to group image pixels into some sizable homogeneous regions so that the complexity of further analysis can be substantially reduced. Therefore, several image segmentation algorithms were proposed to segment an image before recognition or compression. This paper outlines an awareness to hinge on the tedious arrangements in a homogeneous area based on the histogram of positions of image gradients and link of two regions can be done with the color feature. Over-segmentation problem can be meritoriously eluded by creating the comparison matrix.
Effect of Interspiking on Fertility and Hatchability of Vanaraja Chicken Parents

| The experiment was conducted on Vanaraja chicken breeder flock maintained in three separate experimental pens in which two (T1 and T2) were treatment pens and T0 was control pen with 1:8 male to female mating ratio and total birds ranging from 88 to 90 in each pen. At the end of 48th, 49th, 52nd and 55th Weeks Of Age (WOA), 150 eggs were randomly selected from each pen and a sum of 450 eggs from the three pens, were set in incubator for incubation. At the end of 48th week for interspiking 3 roosters from experimental pen T1 were transferred to T2 and another 3 roosters from pen T2 were transferred to T1. Increase in fertility rates were observed at 52 and 55 WOA after the initial reduction at 49 WOA after interspiking in all the groups. However more increase was observed in the interspiked T1 and T2 groups. The hatchability values on Total Eggs Set (TES) basis at 52 and 55 WOA of interspiked groups were found higher than those of the non interspiked control group of birds. There was gradual increase in TES hatchability after interspiking from 49 to 55 WOA in T1 and T2 groups than those before interspiking. However, in all the age groups there were no significant differences in TES hatchability rates among the treatments. While evaluating the hatchability rate on Fertile Eggs (FES) basis in all the age groups, no significant differences were found among the treatments. An increase in FES hatchability rate of all the treatment groups has been found as the age advances. However, more increase was observed in interspiked groups (T1 and T2) compared with control T0 group. The findings indicate that interspiking of Vanaraja roosters can be advantageous especially in flocks showing lower fertility rates.
Accelerating system performance using SOPC builder

The availability of multi million-gate FPGA devices has opened the possibility to create complex single chip systems that were previously partitioned into discrete devices and boards. This paper describes the tools and methods to create these designs. It is shown that the ability of the integration tools that are available to today enable the designer to move away from the traditional flow of creating an over specified hardware base and fixing the system by applying creativity to the software. Exact fit solutions that are more economic to produce are made possible with the additional levels of performance enhancement granularity that is available to systems portioning that is afforded by the additional flexibility.
Transfer learning for electroencephalogram signals

: The accessibility to Electroencephalogram (EEG) recording systems has enabled the healthcare providers to record the brain activity of patients under treatment, during multiple sessions. Thus brain changes can be observed and evaluated. It has been shown in many studies that the EEG data are never exactly the same when recordings are done in different sessions inducing a shift between the data of multiple sessions. This shift is induced due to the changes in parameters such as: the physical /mental state of the patient, the ambient environment, location of the electrodes, and impedance of the electrodes. The shift can be modelled as a covariate shift between multiple sessions. However, the algorithms that have been developed to tackle this shift assume the presence of training as well as testing data apriori to calculate the importance weights which are then used in the learning algorithm to reduce the mismatch. This major problem makes them impractical. In this paper, we tackle this, using marginalized stacked denoising autoencoder (mSDAs) while using the data from seven healthy subjects recorded over eightsessions distributed over four weeks. We compare our results with kernel mean matching, a popular approach for covariate shift adaption. Using support vector machines for classification and reduced complexity of mSDA, we get promising accuracy.
The Assessment of Predictor Variables for Hard Tick Abundance in Southwestern Missouri

The risk of tick-borne infection is increasing across the United States, and in Missouri, ticks are expanding into novel regions due to climate change, habitat fragmentation, and biodiversity loss. Regions in which ticks are encroaching experience novel vectors for lineage associated pathogens. Novel tick detection can be low due to sampling practices targeting known ticks, which can lead to unreliable distribution maps and poor predictive distribution models. Such models should account for biotic factors, abiotic factors, and their interactions to provide a dynamic view of their impact on tick abundance and identify variables that can serve as indicators. Further, a simple comparison of sampling methods in different habitats for tick abundance, diversity, and life stage allows for the determination of the most effective sampling technique to gain a holistic view of tick communities. I completed a set of surveys to account for biotic factors, abiotic factors, and sampling design in tick distribution in Southwest Missouri. I used tick drags and sampled the following biotic and abiotic factors: small mammals, ants, ambient temperature, relative humidity, litter depth, and canopy cover. Factors were tested directly on tick abundance using generalized linear models, and indirect relationships, like the effect of location, were analyzed using a linear mixed effect model. To test method efficiency, I executed drags and carbon-dioxide traps in two different habitat types, forest and grassland, and compared captures in terms of abundance, species, and life stages. Indirect relationships and location explained tick abundance more clearly than direct relationship and two methods of sampling resulted in more effective analysis of tick communities. Understanding tick communities and the driving forces behind the movement of tick populations is needed to increase the awareness of public health programs of tick-borne diseases in the region.
Sample delivery using capillary and delivery medium for serial crystallography

Serial crystallography (SX) is an innovative technology in structural biology that enables the visualization of molecular dynamics of macromolecules at room temperature. SX experiments always require a considerable amount of effort to deliver a crystal sample to the X-ray interaction point continuously and reliably. Here, a sample delivery method using a capillary and a delivery medium is introduced. The crystals embedded in the delivery medium can pass through the capillary tube, which is aligned with the X-ray beam, at very low flow rates without requiring elaborate delivery techniques and drastically reducing sample consumption. This simple but highly efficient sample delivery method can allow researchers to deliver crystals precisely to X-rays in SX experiments.
Prophylaxis of Reperfusion Complications in Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Purpose — to identify the possibility of improving the outcome of multimodality treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients by use of a succinate-containing drug.Materials and methods. The results of examination and treatment of 86 men aged 40 to 70 years with clinical diagnosis of AMI and concomitant type 2 DM were analyzed. The patients were split into two groups depending on use of the succinate-containing drug. Patients of the control group (38 men, 58.3±7.1 years old) received the standard treatment that included percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In the main group under study (48 men, 57.6±7.6 years old), the standard therapy complex was complemented with administration of a succinate-containing drug (1.5% succinic acid solution), which was administered first 30–60 minutes prior to PCI intravenously at a dose of 10–12 ml/kg; then, daily once a day, for 5 days at a dose of 5–6 ml/kg. Peculiarities of the AMI clinical course, dynamics of myocardial contractility, values of acid-base balance (ABB), glucose and lactate content, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant system (AOS), rheological properties of the blood were evaluated.Results. During AMI type 2 DM patients developed compensated metabolic lactic acidosis and oxidative distress that manifested in considerable activation of LPO and insufficient activity of the enzymatic component of AOS, blood viscosity grew, elasticity of red blood cells fell. Decreased local and global myocardial contractility was noted as well. During PCI in this category of patients, cardiac rhythm disorders developed in 47.4% of cases, 23.7% of which were life threatening, such as multifocal ventricular extra systole and ventricular fibrillation. Conclusion. Administration of a succinate-containing drug during performance of PCI provided correction of the lipid peroxidation processes and rheological properties of the blood in the population studied, facilitated improvement of left ventricle’s systolic and diastolic function, reduced the risk of reperfusion complications.
Uji farmakodinamik, drug-likeness, farmakokinetik dan interaksi senyawa aktif kayu ular (Strychnos lucida) sebagai inhibitor Plasmodium falciparum secara in silico

Snakewood’s active compounds have known to be potential as anti-plasmodium by the in-vitro study. However, the inhibition activity mechanism of snakewood active compounds against Plasmodium is not yet known. In this study, we determined the activity of snakewood’s active compounds by in-silico approach. Firstly, We identified the pharmacodynamic properties of snakewood’s active compounds, which are SA1, SA2, SA3, SA4, and SA5. Furthermore, drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic: absorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion (ADME) analyses were also carried out against snakewood’s active compounds to determine the most potential candidate for anti-Plasmodium falciparum drug. Molecular docking analyses using Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH) enzyme against the active compounds were undertaken to observe their specific interactions. The result of molecular docking based on binding energy and inhibitory constant showed that SA3 (3-ethoxyacetophenone (C9H10O2)) active compound is the most potential inhibitor of PfLDH than others. It’s caused by the binding energy and inhibitory constant of SA3 lower than the other snakewood’s active compound. Therefore, SA3 can be a potential candidate for the anti-plasmodium agent.
Construct a molecular associations network to systematically understand intermolecular associations in Human cells

A key aim of post-genomic biomedical research is to systematically integrate and model all molecules and their interactions in living cells. Existing research usually only focusing on the associations between individual or very limited type of molecules. But the interactions between molecules shouldn’t be isolated but interconnected and influenced. In this study, we revealed, constructed and analyzed a large-scale molecular association network of multiple biomolecules in human cells by modeling all associations among lncRNA, miRNA, protein, circRNA, microbe, drug, and disease, in which various associations are interconnected and any type of associations can be predicted. More specifically, we defined the molecular associations network and constructed a molecular associations dataset containing 105546 associations. Then, each node is represented by its attribute feature and network embedding learned by Structural Deep Network Embedding. Moreover, Random Forest is trained to predict any kind of associations. And we compared the features and classifiers under five-fold cross-validation. Our method achieves a remarkable performance on entire molecular associations network with an AUC of 0.9552 and an AUPR of 0.9338. To further evaluate the performance of our method, a case study for predicting lncRNA-protein interactions was executed. The experimental results demonstrate that the systematic insight for understanding the synergistic interactions between various molecules and complex diseases. It is anticipated that this work can bring beneficial inspiration and advance related systems biology and biomedical research. Author Summary The interactions between the various biomolecules in the cells should not be isolated, but interconnected and influenced. There have been many valuable studies on the interactions between two individual molecules. Based on a systematic and holistic perspective, we revealed and constructed a large-scale molecular associations network by combining various associations in human living cells, including miRNA-lncRNA association, miRNA-disease association, miRNA-protein interaction, lncRNA-disease association, protein-protein interaction, protein-disease association, drug-protein interaction, drug-disease interaction, and lncRNA-protein interaction. To model and analyze this molecular associations network, we employed the network representation learning model to learn how to represent the node. Each node in the network can be represented by network embedding and its own attribute information. Any node can be classified. And any type of the associations in this network can be predicted, which can be considered as link prediction task. Our work provides a new systematic view and conceptual framework to understand complex diseases and life activities. It is anticipated that our study can advance related biological macromolecules, systems biology and biomedical research, and bring some meaningful inspiration.
Effect of genetic merit for milk urea on milk production and efficiency of crude protein utilization of grazing cows with contrasting supplement inclusion

Milk urea (MU) has been proposed as a predictor of nitrogen excreted through urine into the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate milk production performance and efficiency of crude protein utilization (ECPU) of cows with low and high MU breeding values (MUBV) in grazing conditions with two levels of dietary supplementation inclusion. From July 2016 to May 2017, 257 cows were milked once daily with low supplementation (LS; 366 kg/cow/lactation) and 210 cows were milked twice daily with high supplementation (HS; 2,091 kg/cow/lactation). Cows within each herd were ranked as low, intermediate, or high for MUBV. The dataset consisted of 2,318 records of milk production collected from monthly herd-tests of both herds; and 853 additional milk samples obtained at early, mid and late lactation to measure MU. The ECPU was calculated as the proportion of protein yield (PY) with respect to crude protein intake (CPI); with CPI derived from feed intake estimates based on energy requirements. Cows with HS had superior milk yield (MY) and milk solids yield (MSY) [MSY= PY + fat yield (FY)] (P<0.001). Feed intake was less in LS (P<0.001) but CPI was superior compared to HS. The ECPU was better in HS (P<0.001) because of higher PY (P<0.001) along with lower CPI (P<0.001). Levels of MU were superior for LS because of higher CPI. Cows with low-MUBV had significantly lower MU along with less total daily excretion of MU during the lactation (P<0.001). Irrespective of supplementary feed level, cows with low-MUBV had less MY (P<0.001). Low-MUBV did not result in improved ECPU for either supplementary feed level: under LS, ECPU was inferior in cows of low-MUBV (P<0.001), and this was explained by reduced PY (P<0.001).
Conservation buffer sizes derived from movement data of adult Cape vultures (Gyps coprotheres) in South Africa

The endangered Cape vulture (Gyps coprotheres) is facing a new emerging threat, e.g. wind energy development. Given their vulnerability to wind energy infrastructure, there is a necessity to establish proactive measures that could potentially mitigate future collisions, such as conservation buffers around breeding colonies and roost sites. This study used 50% kernel density estimates to estimate conservation potential for conservation buffer zone sizes for colonies. Our results indicate a buffer size of ±50 km to cover the core foraging range of the species around colonies.