Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reionization and dark matter decay

Cosmic reionization and dark matter decay can impact observations of the cosmic microwave sky in a similar way. A simultaneous study of both effects is required to constrain unstable dark matter from cosmic microwave background observations. We compare two reionization models with and without dark matter decay. We find that a reionization model that fits also data from quasars and star forming galaxies results in tighter constraints on the reionization optical depth τreio, but weaker constraints on the spectral index ns than the conventional parametrization. We use the Planck 2015 data to constrain the effective decay rate of dark matter to Γeff < 2.9 × 10−25/s at 95% C.L. This limit is robust and model independent. It holds for any type of decaying dark matter and it depends only weakly on the chosen parametrization of astrophysical reionization. For light dark matter particles that decay exclusively into electromagnetic components this implies a limit of Γ < 5.3 × 10−26/s at 95% C.L. Specifying the decay channels, we apply our result to the case of keV-mass sterile neutrinos as dark matter candidates and obtain constraints on their mixing angle and mass, which are comparable to the ones from the diffuse X-ray background.
Resident’s Satisfaction and Preferences in Housing Provision By Public-Private Partnership and Private Developers in Abuja, Nigeria

It is well known that housing demands ranked second in the hierarchy of human necessities after food. This study examined inhabitants' choices and satisfaction with housing provided by private developers and public-private partnerships in Abuja. Participants were given questionnaires at the public-private partnership and private developer estates; at the public estate, 300 questionnaires were distributed, of which 227 were retrieved. Of the 24 questionnaires served for the Private Developer development Ologunloye Estate, 11 were retrieved. According to the analysis. T-test analysis was also used to determine the difference between inhabitants' choices and contentment with dwellings provided by the government and PPP in the research area. At 0.06 and 0.011, which is smaller than the 0.05 significance level, the ANOVA findings likewise showed a significant difference in residence satisfaction between public housing estates and PPP. Building a bridge between residents' preferences and their own should be a goal of developers in both the public and private housing sectors. To boost resident appreciation and satisfaction, it would be best if the drainage systems, waste management, and sewage disposal were improved. The survey's findings indicate that respondents' contentment and preference for inhabitants are incredibly high, high, and moderate.
Optimization of quantum Hamiltonian evolution: from two projection operators to local Hamiltonians

Given a quantum Hamiltonian and its evolution time, the corresponding unitary evolution operator can be constructed in many different ways, corresponding to different trajectories between the desired end-points and different series expansions. A choice among these possibilities can then be made to obtain the best computational complexity and control over errors. It is shown how a construction based on Grover's algorithm scales linearly in time and logarithmically in the error bound, and is exponentially superior in error complexity to the scheme based on the straightforward application of the Lie–Trotter formula. The strategy is then extended first to simulation of any Hamiltonian that is a linear combination of two projection operators, and then to any local efficiently computable Hamiltonian. The key feature is to construct an evolution in terms of the largest possible steps instead of taking small time steps. Reflection operations and Chebyshev expansions are used to efficiently control the total error.
The effect of missing levels of nesting in multilevel analysis

Multilevel analysis is an appropriate and powerful tool for analyzing hierarchical structure data widely applied from public health to genomic data. In practice, however, we may lose the information on multiple nesting levels in the multilevel analysis since data may fail to capture all levels of hierarchy, or the top or intermediate levels of hierarchy are ignored in the analysis. In this study, we consider a multilevel linear mixed effect model (LMM) with single imputation that can involve all data hierarchy levels in the presence of missing top or intermediate-level clusters. We evaluate and compare the performance of a multilevel LMM with single imputation with other models ignoring the data hierarchy or missing intermediate-level clusters. To this end, we applied a multilevel LMM with single imputation and other models to hierarchically structured cohort data with some intermediate levels missing and to simulated data with various cluster sizes and missing rates of intermediate-level clusters. A thorough simulation study demonstrated that an LMM with single imputation estimates fixed coefficients and variance components of a multilevel model more accurately than other models ignoring data hierarchy or missing clusters in terms of mean squared error and coverage probability. In particular, when models ignoring data hierarchy or missing clusters were applied, the variance components of random effects were overestimated. We observed similar results from the analysis of hierarchically structured cohort data.
The Relationship Between Audit Services and Non-Audit Actuarial Services in the Auditor’s Report

Purpose: In view of the trend toward using international financial reporting standards when generating financial statements, we looked at the interaction between audit services and non-audit services for auditors in the context of actuarial services for insurance firms. CPAs are authorized to work in banks and insurance businesses, but those with a practicing license obtained after earning a higher academic degree are not. Design/methodology/approach: A small number of auditing firms control the decisions issued by the Iraqi Accountants Association, monopolizing audit services in banks and insurance businesses. In the case of actuarial services used in reserve estimation, they are credited to an external party's account without any verification of the Reliability of the reserve estimation procedure. Originality/value: In addition to audit services, a scale has been developed to examine the auditors' non-audit actuarial services. The financial reporting rules for insurance contracts 17 and the examinations for acquiring an actuarial certificate in the United States of America are used to create this scale. Findings: The findings show that there is no substantial relationship between the two services supplied, and we recommend that the actuarial services be audited by specialist international companies that support the auditors' judgment on the computation of expected reserves in the financial accounts. Conducting specialist courses in the actuarial profession, and obtaining this credential is a requirement for auditing insurance companies.
An update on the nonequilibrium linear response

The unique fluctuation–dissipation theorem for equilibrium stands in contrast with the wide variety of nonequilibrium linear response formulae. Their most traditional approach is ‘analytic’, which, in the absence of detailed balance, introduces the logarithm of the stationary probability density as observable. The theory of dynamical systems offers an alternative with a formula that continues to work even when the stationary distribution is not smooth. We show that this method works equally well for stochastic dynamics, and we illustrate it with a numerical example for the perturbation of circadian cycles. A second ‘probabilistic’ approach starts from dynamical ensembles and expands the probability weights on path space. This line suggests new physical questions, as we meet the frenetic contribution to linear response, and the relevance of the change in dynamical activity in the relaxation to a (new) nonequilibrium condition.
Eigenvalue extraction in NASTRAN by the tridiagonal reduction (FEER) method: Real eigenvalue analysis

The development of the tridiagonal reduction method and its implementation in NASTRAN are described for real eigenvalue analysis as typified by structural vibration and buckling problems. This method is an automatic matrix reduction scheme whereby the eigensolutions in the neighborhood of a specified point in the eigenspectrum can be accurately extracted from a tridiagonal eigenvalue problem whose order is much lower than that of the full problem. The process is effected without orbitrary lumping of masses or other physical quantities at selected node points and thus avoids one of the basic weaknesses of other techniques.
Multivariate logistic model of hospital length of stay after appendectomy

Background: Appendectomies are interesting because they are the most common emergency abdominal operations, they are considered simple procedures, and the imperative is a quick recovery measured by hospital length of stay (LOS). However, this is not always the case in clinical practice, hospitalization can be prolonged, and the question is what factors affect it. Methods: A multivariant logistic model of LOS predictors analyzed from the clinical data of 446 patients who underwent appendectomy at the Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Belgrade. The patients were divided into Short LOS group (SLOS hospital stay ≤3 days, 157 patients) and Long LOS group (LLOS hospital stay >3 days, 289 patients). Results: Significant differences were found between SLOS and LLOS groups in age (p<0.001), comorbidities (p=0.001), preoperative WBC (p = 0.004); preoperative CRP (p < 0.001); peritonitis (p < 0.001), using ≥ 2 antibiotics (p < 0.001), complicated appendicitis (p < 0.001), surgical time (P < 0.001). No significant difference was found concerning gender, postoperative WBC, CRP, and complications (p>0.05). Patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy (LAP) had a statistically significantly shorter hospitalization time compared to those who underwent Mini-Incision Open Appendectomy (MIOA) (p < 0.001). The multivariate logistic model found three statistically significant predictors of longer hospitalization: CRP preoperatively (B=0.006, p=0.047), OR=1.006, the type of surgery (B=1.199; p<0.001), OR=3.3 complicated appendicitis (B=0.762; p=0.003), OR=2.142. Conclusion: Surgical approach has statistically the most significant impact on LOS. Laparoscopic appendectomy is superior to Mini-Incision Open Appendectomy concerning the hospital LOS.
Mutual information after a local quench in conformal field theory

We compute the entanglement entropy and mutual information for two disjoint intervals in two-dimensional conformal field theories as a function of time after a local quench, using the replica trick and boundary conformal field theory. We obtain explicit formulae for the universal contributions, which are leading in the regimes of, for example, close or well-separated intervals of fixed length. The results are largely consistent with the quasiparticle picture, in which entanglement above that present in the ground state is carried by pairs of entangled, freely propagating excitations. We also calculate the mutual information for two disjoint intervals in a proposed holographic local quench, whose holographic energy-momentum tensor matches the conformal field theory one. We find that the holographic mutual information shows qualitative differences from the conformal field theory results and we discuss possible interpretations of this.
Prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Patterns of Methylation Levels in Key Immunologic-Related Genes

Background: DNA methylation is expected to become a kind of new diagnosis and treatment method of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Neuroinflammation- and immune-related pathways represent one of the major genetic risk factors for AD. Objective: We aimed to investigate DNA methylation levels of 7 key immunologic-related genes in peripheral blood and appraise their applicability in the diagnosis of AD. Methods: Methylation levels were obtained from 222 participants (101 AD, 72 MCI, 49 non-cognitively impaired controls). Logistic regression models for diagnosing AD were established after least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and best subset selection (BSS), evaluated by respondent working curve and decision curve analysis for sensitivity. Results: Six differentially methylated positions (DMPs) in the MCI group and 64 in the AD group were found, respectively. Among them, there were 2 DMPs in the MCI group and 30 DMPs in the AD group independent of age, gender, and APOE4 carriers (p < 0.05). AD diagnostic prediction models differentiated AD from normal controls both in a training dataset (LASSO: 8 markers, including methylation levels at ABCA7 1040077, CNR1 88166293, CX3CR1 39322324, LRRK2 40618505, LRRK2 40618493, NGFR 49496745, TARDBP 11070956, TARDBP 11070840 area under the curve [AUC] = 0.81; BSS: 2 markers, including methylation levels at ABCA7 1040077 and CX3CR1 39322324, AUC = 0.80) and a testing dataset (AUC = 0.84, AUC = 0.82, respectively). Conclusion: Our work indicated that methylation levels of 7 key immunologic-related genes (ABCA7, CNR1, CX3CR1, CSF1R, LRRK2, NGFR, and TARDBP) in peripheral blood was altered in AD and the models including methylation of immunologic-related genes biomarkers improved prediction of AD.
Attractive forces between ions in quantum plasmas: Failure of linearized quantum hydrodynamics

In a recent letter [P.K. Shukla and B. Eliasson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 165007 (2012)] the discovery of a new attractive force between protons in a hydrogen plasma was reported that would be responsible for the formation of molecules and of a proton lattice. Here we show, based on ab initio density functional theory calculations, that these predictions are wrong and caused by using linearized quantum hydrodynamics beyond the limits of its applicability.
Bis-Citrullinato Copper(II) Complex: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Non-Covalent Interactions

Citrulline (C6H13N3O3) is a non-protein amino acid found in watermelon. In physiological conditions, it is almost entirely present as a zwitterion, so its carboxylic and amine groups can act as Lewis donors, chelating metallic cations. In addition, Citrulline possesses a terminal ureide group of the aliphatic chain, which appears to be non-innocent. Although Citrulline is similar to other classical amino acids, only one coordination complex has been reported in the Cambridge Crystallographic Database. As part of our search for Casiopeina® analogs, we synthesized and characterized the copper bis-citrullinato complex, [Cu(Citr)2]n. The compound was described using UV-Vis, Infrared, and Raman spectroscopy, together with single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Computational tools were also used. The optimized structure, MEP map, IR and Raman spectra, and 1H and 13C chemical shifts were obtained with functional mPW1PW91 using 6-31G(d) basis set for N, O, C, and H atoms, and LANL2DZ basis set and ECP=LANL2DZ for the Cu atom. TD-mPW1PW91 calculations generated the UV-Vis spectrum. Finally, AIM and Hirshfeld surface analysis were used to examine non-covalent interactions. Previous investigations suggest Casiopeina®-like complexes can interact with DNA/RNA, creating potential anticancer chemicals. The [Cu(Citr)2]n complex’s polymeric nature and insolubility make it difficult for such purposes. However, the facile synthesis of D-Citrulline could be a novel way to find new applications for this interesting amino acid.
Dust formation, growth and evaporation in a cool pulsating circumstellar shell.

Un systeme d'equation de moment, decrivant la formation, la croissance et la destruction des poussieres contenues dans l'enveloppe circumstellaire de variables a longue periode, est developpe. Une application a la formation et a la destruction des poussieres de carbone dans un gaz adiabatique subissant des variations temporelles sinusoidales de temperature est realisee.
Large-scale N-body simulations of the viscous overstability in Saturn's rings

We present results from large-scale particle simulations of the viscous overstability in Saturn's rings. The overstability generates a variety of structure on scales covering a few hundred metres to several kilometres, including axisymmetric wavetrains and larger-scale modulations. Such patterns have been observed in Saturn's rings by the Cassini spacecraft. Our simulations model the collisional evolution of particles in a co-rotating patch of the disk. These are the largest N-body simulations of the viscous overstability yet performed. The radial box size is five orders of magnitude larger than a typical particle radius, and so describes a 20-50 km radial portion of the rings. Its evolution is tracked for more than 10,000 orbits. In agreement with hydrodynamics, our N-body simulations reveal that the viscous overstability exhibits a rich set of dynamics characterised by nonlinear travelling waves with wavelengths of a few hundred meters. In addition, wave defects, such as sources and shocks, punctuate this bed of waves and break them up into large-scale divisions of radial width ~5 km. We find that the wavelength of the travelling waves is positively correlated with the mean optical depth. In order to assess the role of the numerical boundary conditions and also background ring structure, we include simulations of broad spreading rings and simulations with a gradient in the background surface density. Overall, our numerical results and approach provide a tool with which to interpret Cassini occultation observations of microstructure in Saturn's rings. We present an example of such a synthetic occultation observation and discuss what features to expect. We also make the entire source code freely available.
Street Smart in 5G: Vehicular Applications, Communication, and Computing

Recent advances in information technology have revolutionized the automotive industry, paving the way for next-generation smart vehicular mobility. Specifically, vehicles, roadside units, and other road users can collaborate to deliver novel services and applications that leverage, for example, big vehicular data and machine learning. Relatedly, fifth-generation cellular networks (5G) are being developed and deployed for low-latency, high-reliability, and high bandwidth communications. While 5G adjacent technologies such as edge computing allow for data offloading and computation at the edge of the network thus ensuring even lower latency and context-awareness. Overall, these developments provide a rich ecosystem for the evolution of vehicular applications, communications, and computing. Therefore in this work, we aim at providing a comprehensive overview of the state of research on vehicular computing in the emerging age of 5G and big data. In particular, this paper highlights several vehicular applications, investigates their requirements, details the enabling communication technologies and computing paradigms, and studies data analytics pipelines and the integration of these enabling technologies in response to application requirements.
Hydrodynamic description of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates

We establish a complete set of hydrodynamic equations for a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), which are equivalent to the multi-component Gross-Pitaevskii equations and expressed in terms of only observable physical quantities: the spin density and the nematic (or quadrupolar) tensor in addition to the density and the mass current that appear in the hydrodynamic description of a scalar BEC. The obtained hydrodynamic equations involve a generalized Mermin-Ho relation that is valid regardless of the spatiotemporal dependence of the spin polarization. Low-lying collec- tive modes for phonons and magnons are reproduced by linearizing the hydrodynamic equations. We also apply the single-mode approximation to the hydrodynamic equations and find a complete set of analytic solutions.
THE X-RAY TO MID-INFRARED RELATION OF AGNs AT HIGH LUMINOSITY

The X-ray and mid-IR emission from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are strongly correlated. However, while various published parameterizations of this correlation are consistent with the low-redshift, local Seyfert galaxy population, extrapolations of these relations to high luminosity differ by an order of magnitude at &ngr; L &ngr; ? > (6 μm) ∼ 10 47 erg s − 1 ? > . Using data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, we determine the mid-IR luminosities of the most luminous quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and present a revised formulation of the X-ray to mid-IR relation of AGNs which is appropriate from the Seyfert regime to the powerful quasar regime.
Hierarchical data structures in rendering scenes containing a massive number of light sources

In order to speed up the process of rendering scenes containing many light sources, spatial data structures are used, which allow the number of lights processed for each pixel to be reduced during lighting computation. Examples of algorithms using such data structures are clustered shading and hybrid lighting. Alongside the rendering time, it is important to consider memory consumption resulting from processing a large number of lights. This paper presents a novel modification of the hybrid lighting algorithm using an octree that allows for a significant reduction in the amount of memory required to store the data structure.The proposed modification uses an octree to store the information about the rendered space. Detailed analysis of the proposed algorithm, and numerical results obtained for various 3D scenes, as well as different input data, all prove that the proposed method significantly reduces the memory required to store lists of lights used by the algorithm.
Content Analysis of Test Taker Responses on an AP Japanese Computer-Simulated Conversation Test: A Mixed Methods Approach for A Validity Argument

ABSTRACT The present study is part of a larger mixed methods project that investigated the speaking section of the Advanced Placement (AP) Japanese Language and Culture Exam. It investigated assumptions for the evaluation inference through a content analysis of test taker responses. Results of the content analysis were integrated with those of a many-facet Rasch analysis of the same speech data. This study found that most information-seeking prompts elicited a good sized ratable speech sample with relevant content, and the rating criteria seemed to fit with the nature of the interaction. Therefore, information-seeking prompts generally provided appropriate evidence of test takers’ ability. In contrast, non-information-seeking prompts such as requests and expressive prompts tended to have issues with eliciting a good sized ratable speech sample with relevant content, and their response expectations realized in the rating criteria did not fit with the nature of the interaction. Thus, non-information-seeking prompts showed greater potential of becoming sources of measurement error with the current test design. This article discusses possible solutions to increase the validity of the evaluation inference. Findings from the present study would be useful for future test development of computer-based L2 tests that aim to assess interpersonal communication skills.