Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recouvrements, derivation des mesures et dimensions

Let X be a set with a symmetric kernel d (not necessarily a distance). The space (X,d) is said to have the weak (resp. strong) covering property of degree = m [briefly prf(m) (resp. prF(m))], if, for each family B of closed balls of (X,d) with radii in a decreasing sequence (resp. with bounded radii), there is a subfamily, covering the center of each element of B, and of order = m (resp. splitting into m disjoint families). Since Besicovitch, covering properties are known to be the main tool for providing derivation theorems for any pair of measures on (X,d). Assuming that any ball for d belongs to the Baire s-algebra for d, we show that the prf implies an almost sure derivation theorem. This implication was stated by D. Preiss when (X,d) is a complete separable metric space. With stronger measurability hypothesis (to be stated later in this paper), we show that the prf restricted to balls with constant radius implies a derivation theorem with convergence in measure. We show easily that an equivalent to the prf(m+1) (resp. to the prf(m+1) restricted to balls with constant radius) is that the Nagata-dimension (resp. the De Groot-dimension) of (X,d) is = m. These two dimensions (see J.I. Nagata) are not lesser than the topological dimension ; for Rn with any given norm (n > 1), they are > n. For spaces with nonnegative curvature = 0 (for example for Rn with any given norm), we express these dimensions as the cardinality of a net ; in these spaces, we give a similar upper bound for the degree of the prF (generalizing a result of Furedi and Loeb for Rn) and try to obtain the exact degree in R and R2
Nano-porous Silicon Microcavity Sensors for Determination of Organic Fuel Mixtures

We present the preparation and characteristics of liquid-phase sensors based on nano-porous silicon multilayer structures for determination of organic content in gasoline. The principle of the sensor is a determination of the cavity-resonant wavelength shift caused by refractive index change of the nano-porous silicon multilayer cavity due to the interaction with liquids. We use the transfer matrix method (TMM) for the design and prediction of characteristics of microcavity sensors based on nano-porous silicon multilayer structures. The preparation process of the nano-porous silicon microcavity is based on electrochemical etching of single-crystal silicon substrates, which can exactly control the porosity and thickness of the porous silicon layers. The basic characteristics of sensors obtained by experimental measurements of the different liquids with known refractive indices are in good agreement with simulation calculations. The reversibility of liquid-phase sensors is confirmed by fast complete evaporation of organic solvents using a low vacuum pump. The nano-porous silicon microcavity sensors can be used to determine different kinds of organic fuel mixtures such as bio-fuel (E5), A92 added ethanol and methanol of different concentrations up to 15%.
The role of norms in early stages of business relationships: An action research approach

Long-term business relationships between actors are a common mode of exchange in business markets. There has been increasing interest in the governance of long-term business relationships. However, little is known about governance issues in early stages of relationships. The goal of this paper is to put forth a seldom-used methodological approach in marketing to contribute to understanding the role of behavioral norms during the pre-contractual phase of a long-term business relationship. The background of this research project is the initial stages of two case studies of long-term business relationship between a school and investment partners prior to the contract signature with the intent of establishing a new school. Results of the occurrence of norms show that both parties first need to define the framework of their relationship before beginning joint value creation. Furthermore, a gradual increase of usage of norms seems to have a positive effect on a nascent business relationship.
Evaluation of multiple-frequency, active and passive acoustics as surrogates for bedload transport

The use of multiple-frequency, active acoustics through deployment of acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) shows potential for estimating bedload in selected grain size categories. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the University of Montana (UM), evaluated the use of multiple-frequency, active and passive acoustics as surrogates for bedload transport during a pilot study on the Kootenai River, Idaho, May 17-18, 2012. Four ADCPs with frequencies ranging from 600 to 2000 kHz were used to measure apparent moving bed velocities at 20 stations across the river in conjunction with physical bedload samples. Additionally, UM scientists measured the sound frequencies of moving particles with two hydrophones, considered passive acoustics, along longitudinal transects in the study reach. Some patterns emerged in the preliminary analysis which show promise for future studies. Statistically significant relations were successfully developed between apparent moving bed velocities measured by ADCPs with frequencies 1000 and 1200 kHz and bedload in 0.5 to 2.0 mm grain size categories. The 600 kHz ADCP seemed somewhat sensitive to the movement of gravel bedload in the size range 8.0 to 31.5 mm, but the relation was not statistically significant. The passive hydrophone surveys corroborated the sample results and could be used to map spatial variability in bedload transport and to select a measurement cross section with moving bedload for active acoustic surveys and physical samples.
Lextale_FR A Fast, Free, and Efficient Test to Measure Language Proficiency in French

Recent research in our lab has confirmed that performance-based assessment of second language proficiency provides more useful information than subjective ratings. The objective assessment in those studies was based on the LexTALE tests published by Lemhofer and Broersma (2012). These tests are available for English, Dutch, and German, but not for French. In the present study we report the construction of a French equivalent. Participants get a random sequence of 56 French words of varying difficulty and 28 French-looking nonwords. They have to indicate which words they know. The results showed a big difference (effect size of d = 3.6) between native speakers and speakers of French as a second language. Because the test is not at ceiling level for native speakers, it can be used for the assessment of French language proficiency both in first and second language.
Potential Biomarkers Selection for Bipolar Disorder Identification

A biomarker is a measurable indicator of the severity or presence of some disease. A biomarker is anything that can be used as an indicator of a particular disease state or some other physiological state of an organism. The space Decomposition-Gradient-Regression (DGR) method has been developed (Li et al., 2012; Li et al., 2015) to select biomarkers for schizophrenia. This study performs the DGR approach on data for bipolar disorder patients, which contains 56 biomarkers and 8 infectious agent’s antibodies. Serum specimens were collected from 132 United States military service members (118 males and 14 females) with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder from 1992 to 2005 and their matched healthy controls. Trefoil Factor3 (TFF3), Gliadin, prolactin (PRL), Apolipoprotein A-II (Apo A-II) and Immunoglobulin A (IGA) were found to be significant predictors of Bipolar Disorder (BD) in males. Macrophage-Derived Chemokine (MDC), Alpha-1-Antitrypsin (AAT), Gliadin, Beta-2-Microglobulin (B2M) and Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 2 (MCP-2) might be used to identify bipolar disorder in females. A predictive biomarker panel for BD offers the potential to aid in the diagnosis, initiate treatment earlier and ideally alter the course of disease with reduced morbidity and functional impairment.
Estimation of group velocity using slant stack generalized S transform based method

Summary Group velocity is an important factor that determines shear wave velocity in Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) surveys. In this study, we present the slant stack generalized S transform based method for the estimation of the group velocity. The slant stack generalized S transform based method uses the slant stack idea in the time-frequency domain based on the generalized S transform. The method is robust to estimate group velocity where ground roll is multi-modal. We anticipate that, through inversion of the group velocities of multi-modal ground rolls, a better estimation of near surface shear wave velocity will be obtainable.
Design and Evolution of Biocatalysts

Enzymes as biocatalysts offer several advantages over their chemical counterparts, and as such have attracted much attention for use in the synthesis of various organic compounds. However, despite many successes in the practical application of enzymes, the ex- tensive use of enzymes in the synthesis of organic compounds is still hindered by inadequacy in substrate specificity, catalytic activity, enantio-selectivity and stability. Enzymes with desired functions targeted for practical applications have long been a goal in pro- tein/enzyme engineering. Many approaches have been developed and employed for redesigning enzymes with desired properties, includ- ing the structure-guided rational method, directed evolution, computational methods, and combinatorial methods. This review will cover recent advances in the design and evolution of enzymes targeted for specific properties, focusing on the strategy and the applicability of each approach.
Does Monetary Policy Affect the Central Bank's Role in Bank Supervision?

This paper examines whether monetary policy responsibilities alter the central bank's role as a bank supervisor. The analysis focuses on the United States, where the Federal Reserve System shares supervisory duties with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Among the three institutions, the Fed is the only one responsible for monetary policy. Hence, the Fed's supervisory behavior—as captured by formal actions—is compared with the behavior of the other two agencies. The results suggest that the Fed's monetary policy responsibilities do alter its bank supervisory behavior: indicators of monetary policy affect the supervisory actions of the Fed, but do not affect the actions of the other two agencies.
Tolerance to heavy metal stress in seedlings of three pine species from contrasting environmental conditions in Chile

Abstract: Tolerance to metal stress was studied in seedlings of three pine species (Pinus radiata, P. pinaster and P. canariensis) under controlled ex vitro conditions. Mature female cones were randomly collected at two sites in Chile (Llico and Huilquilemu) characterized by contrasting environmental conditions. One-year-old pine seedlings were immersed in trays with solutions of CuSO4 (300 mM) or AlCl3 (100 mM), and their survival, growth rate and decay symptoms were recorded for 60 days. Results showed large differences among provenances in seedling tolerance to CuSO4 and AlCl3 in terms of survival and growth. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association (p <0.0001) between the first canonical function and the following variables: provenance, species, metal stress and growing rate, as well as between the second canonical function and provenance, species, metal stress and symptomatology, indicating a high degree of genotype-environment interaction. Moreover, the activity of POX, SOD and CAT enzymes was determined 60 days after the beginning of the experiment in the Llico provenance seedlings. P. pinaster showed the highest activity level for all the enzymes considered, while P. canariensis and P. radiata had intermediate and lowest values, respectively. Differential gene expression among pine seedlings under metal stress with CuSO4 for two genes (Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutase and RuBisCo) confirmed P. pinaster as the most tolerant species to CuSO4 treatment. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that abiotic stress in the maternal environment can induce a “transgenerational plasticity” which could affect progeny performances. The influence of different genetic backgrounds on the tolerance to heavy metals in pine seedlings is also discussed.
Synthesis of Nanostructure Carbon Films Deposited by Microwave Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Technique at Room Temperature

This paper reports the synthesis of nanostructure carbon (ns-carbon) films deposited by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MW PECVD) technique at low pressure and room temperature. ns-carbon films have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopic analysis, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The shape of nanostructure is changing from granular to sheet-like structure when the pressure increased from 55 to 110 mTorr.
Corporate Tax and Profitability of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

The study examines the impact of corporate tax on profitability of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. The liquidity challenges faced by banks in Nigeria in the recent times and the restricted access to bank loans and facilities by firms and individuals could be linked with high corporate tax payment and this has adversely affected the economy at large. The specific objective of this study is to investigate the extent to which company income tax (CIT) affects the profit after tax (PAT) of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. The research adopted a causal research design and a sample of 12 banks were selected out of the currently existing 21 banks based on Authors’ judgment and data availability. The secondary data on PAT (dependent variable) CIT (independent variable) used were collected from the published financial statements of banks via their websites. The panel data used in this study covers a period from 2006 to 2016. Multiple regression analysis and t-test were used to analyze the data with the aid of SPSS version 20. The regression result on the data for Access Bank Plc. , Diamond Bank Plc. and GTB Plc. , revealed a positive significant impact of CIT on PAT and existence of a positive relationship between PAT and CIT. While the rest of the other 9 banks showed both negative and lack of impact of CIT on PAT. The findings showed improper application of ability-to-pay theory in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends a review of the Nigerian fiscal policy and introduction of tax reforms that allow adequate tax incentives for banks especially during financial crises and to cope with liquidity challenges.
Improving term candidates selection using terminological
 tokens

The identification of reliable terms from domain-specific corpora using computational methods is a task that has to be validated manually by specialists, which is a highly time-consuming activity. To reduce this effort and improve term candidate selection, we implemented the Token Slot Recognition method, a filtering method based on terminological tokens which is used to rank extracted term candidates from domain-specific corpora. This paper presents the implementation of the term candidates filtering method we developed in linguistic and statistical approaches applied for automatic term extraction using several domain-specific corpora in different languages. We observed that the filtering method outperforms term candidate selection by ranking a higher number of terms at the top of the term candidate list than raw frequency, and for statistical term extraction the improvement is between 15% and 25% both in precision and recall. Our analyses further revealed a reduction in the number of term candidates to be validated manually by specialists. In conclusion, the number of term candidates extracted automatically from domain-specific corpora has been reduced significantly using the Token Slot Recognition filtering method, so term candidates can be easily and quickly validated by specialists.
Relativistic Tidal Disruption and Nuclear Ignition of White Dwarf Stars by Intermediate-mass Black Holes

We present results from general relativistic calculations of the tidal disruption of white dwarf stars from near encounters with intermediate-mass black holes. We follow the evolution of 0.2 M⊙ and 0.6 M⊙ stars on parabolic trajectories that approach 103–104 M⊙ black holes as close as a few Schwarzschild radii at periapsis, paying particular attention to the effect that tidal disruption has on thermonuclear reactions and the synthesis of intermediate-mass to heavy elements. These encounters create diverse thermonuclear environments that are characteristic of Type I supernovae and capable of producing both intermediate-mass and heavy elements in arbitrary ratios, depending on the strength (or proximity) of the interaction. Nuclear ignition is triggered in all of our calculations, even at weak tidal strengths β ∼ 2.6 and large periapsis radius RP ∼ 28 Schwarzschild radii. A strong inverse correlation exists between the mass ratio of calcium-group to iron-group elements and tidal strength, with β ≲ 5 producing predominantly calcium-rich debris. At these moderate to weak interactions, nucleosynthesis is not especially efficient, limiting the total mass and outflows of calcium-group elements to <15% of available nuclear fuel. Iron-group elements, however, continue to be produced in greater quantity and ratio with increasing tidal strength, peaking at ∼60% mass conversion efficiency in our closest encounter cases. These events generate short bursts of gravitational waves with characteristic frequencies 0.1–0.7 Hz and strain amplitudes from 0.5 × 10−22 to 3.5 × 10−22 at a source distance of 10 Mpc.
Image Haze Removal Using Dark Channel Prior and Inverse Image

Image haze removal using dark channel prior is prone to encountering color distortion in sky and brightness region. To solve the problem, we proposed an improved method based on inverse image and dark channel prior. Firstly, we applied inverse image to estimating a new transmission map. The new transmission map can be used to modify original transmission map in order to avoid color distortion. Next, fast guider filter was applied to refining transmission map. Using the transmission map, we can recover a high quality haze-free image. Experimental results showed that the proposed method is feasible, and visibility can be enhanced.
Dietary fats, marbling and human health

This paper provides a description of dietary fats, including saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, as well as trans fatty acids and dietary cholesterol. The main concerns about dietary fats for human health are discussed, with particular reference to obesity, coronary heart disease and cancer. In relation to obesity, concern is with total fat intake in relation to excess energy intake; for heart disease this is also an issue but perhaps more important is the issue of the type of fats consumed, notably the role of saturated v. polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats. For cancer, evidence suggests few links with either total or type of fat in the diet. The paper then reviews red meat as a source of dietary fat, concentrating on Australian beef and the types of fat found in the beef. In the USA, current data tables indicate fat levels from 3.7% for the leanest cuts with most cuts being at least 6–7% fat. In Australia, analyses show lower fat levels with between 1.6 and 6.5% fat for pasture-fed beef and 1.6 and 6.5% for grain-fed beef. Generally, the fatty acid composition of marbling fat is similar to subcutaneous fat from the same animal. Contrary to some commonly held beliefs it does not, therefore, confer any health benefit but merely contributes to the overall fat level.
An Environmental Management Plan in Vavouto harbor ( New Caledonia ) with a statistical treatment displayed on dynamic maps

This paper presents an environmental monitoring tool to control and share results in real time as part of an environmental management plan (EMP) associated with a major dredging operation in the northern part of the New Caledonian lagoon. The interoperable tool includes results collected by a network of sensors that monitor turbidity and other physicochemical parameters of both the water and sediment. The tool was designed for the spatial and temporal monitoring of turbidity using interpolation maps at daily, weekly, monthly, and annual intervals. The geostatistical method of kriging was chosen for interpolation of turbidity values from the network of sensors in Vavouto harbor. Several maps are produced that show turbidity values based on whether they are one-off on-site measurements or measurements recorded continuously by sensors with radio or manual transmission, along with the depth of the measurement. The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) provides the framework for collecting, displaying, processing, and sharing results on dynamic maps to comply with international standards. These standards were used to produce a dynamic map, and water quality data from sensors installed in the lagoon near Vavouto were stored and shared using Observations and Measurements (O&M) and Sensor Observation Service (SOS) standards. This map, which provides results in real time, is accessible on the web. The creation of a standardized tool for the acquisition and organization of data based on mathematical data processing methods enables an integrated approach to environmental management planning, and can be shared by all stakeholders.
Direct binding of b-arrestins to two distinct intracellular domains of the d opioid receptor

b-Arrestins regulate opioid receptor-mediated signal transduction and play an important role in opiate-induced analgesia and tolerance/dependence. This study was carried out to measure the direct interaction between b-arrestins and opioid receptor. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that b-arrestin 1 physically interacts with delta opioid receptor (DOR) co-expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells in an agonist-enhanced manner and truncation of the carboxyl terminus of DOR partially impairs the interaction. In vitro data from glutathione-S-transferase pull-down assay showed that the carboxyl terminus (CT) and the third intracellular loop (I3L) of DOR are both capable of and either domain is suf®cient for binding to b-arrestin 1 and 2. Surface plasmon resonance determination further revealed that binding of CT and I3L of DOR to b-arrestin is additive, suggesting these two domains bind at distinctly different sites on b-arrestin without considerable spatial hindrance. This study demonstrated for the ®rst time the direct binding of b-arrestins to the two distinct domains, the carboxyl terminus and the third intracellular loop,
Guidelines on the Switch Transistors Sizing Using the Symbolic Description for the Cross-Coupled Charge Pump

This paper presents a symbolic description of the design process of the switch transistors for the cross-coupled charge pump applications. Discrete-time analog circuits are usually designed by the numerical algorithms in the professional simulator software which can be an extremely timeconsuming process in contrast to described analytical procedure. The significant part of the pumping losses is caused by the reverse current through the switch transistors due to the continuous-time voltage change on the main capacitors. The design process is based on the analytical expression of the time response characteristics of the pump stage as an analog systemwith using BSIMmodel equations. Themain benefit of the article is the analytical transistors sizing formula so that the maximum voltage gain is achieved. The diode transistor is dimensioned for the pump requirements, as the maximal pump output ripple voltage, current, etc. The characteristics of the proposed circuit have been verified by simulation in ELDO Spice. Results are valid for N-stage charge pump and also applicable for other model equations as PSP, EKV.