Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What matters in adoption of small-scale rain water harvesting technologies at household level? Evidence from Charco-dam users in Nzega, Tanzania

Abstract Any effort to improve irrigation water availability has an advantage in the crop production processes. Small-scale rainwater harvesting technologies like Charco-dams (Malambo) in Swahili (the language used by most the Tanzanians) are among the interventions proven to overcome agricultural water shortage. Despite its importance in overcoming water stress in most arid and semi-arid areas of Tanzania, some farmers in the areas are still reluctant to adopt such technology. In this regard, this analyzed and discussed the factors influencing the adoption of the Charco-dam rainwater harvesting technology by smallholder vegetable producers in Nzega district, Tanzania. A survey was used to collect the required information from 528 smallholder vegetable producers in the district. A structured questionnaire was employed to collect data from 220 Charco-dam adopters and 308 non-adopters who were used for the analysis. The data collected was substantiated by six focus group discussions (FGDs); one at council headquarters and five at the village level. The Probit model with instrumental variables was used to identify and analyze factors influencing adoption. The study revealed that socioeconomic, farm level and information sharing factors are all important to improve the adoption of Charco-dam technology. The results suggest that any strategy, innovation or policy aimed at increasing the adoption rate of small-scale rainwater harvesting technologies should be designed or formulated by considering socioeconomic, farm-level, environmental, and information sharing aspects.
Characterization of Candida spp. isolated from the bloodstream in a reference hospital in Brazil: using MALDI-TOF/MS to identify unusual species of Candida

Candidemia is a health problem with a high mortality rate. The aims of this study were to compare the identification of Candida spp. via traditional methodologies and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) in order to verify the antifungal susceptibility profile of these isolates and analyze the clinical evolution of patients. This was a two-year prospective cohort conducted at the Hospital de Clínicas de Uberlândia (HCU-UFU). Candida spp. were identified via VITEK®-2 and MALDI-TOF/MS. Antifungal susceptibility tests were conducted via VITEK®-2. Clinical-demographic data were assessed from medical records and variables were described as mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage, and risk factors were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analysis. A total of 113 patients and 126 Candida spp. isolates were studied. C. albicans was most frequent (30%); MALDI-TOF/MS identified unusual species, including misidentification of C. famata. Most of the isolates (95%) were susceptible to the tested antifungals. Most patients were men (65%) and older than 60 years of age (45%); 85% of patients were treated with fluconazole. The 30-day mortality rate was 56%; patients who did not receive treatment and those who started later had a lower survival rate (p <0.0001). MALDI-TOF/MS was able to identify unusual Candida spp. Candidemia presented a high mortality rate; the correct identification of Candida spp. and the introduction of appropriate and timely therapy are essential for increasing patient survival.
Plant growth promoting and antagonistic Enterobacter sp. EPR4 from common bean rhizosphere of garhwal himalayan inhibits a soil-borne pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Plant growth stimulating and antagonistic properties of 7 bacterial isolates of beneficial Enterobacter spp. (EPR1- EPR7) screened from the rhizospheric soil of Phaseolus vulgaris plants growing in Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India was studied against soil borne phytopathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes root rots in various crops. Among the isolates, EPR4 showed 64.8% reduction in colony growth of the fungal pathogen in dual culture. All seven isolates are capable of producing Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), but EPR4 also produced cyanogens, solubilized inorganic and organic phosphate, siderophore, ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) deamininase, and extracellular enzymes like chitinase which inhibited the phytopathogen. For the EPR4 strain, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was followed by NCBI - BLAST similarity showed the maximum sequence similarity (100%) with the species of Enterobacter (available on NCBI data base), and recognized as Enterobacter sp. EPR4 (GenBank accession number JN225424). The Enterobacter sp. EPR4 has the potential to be used as a biocontrol agent against S. sclerotiorum as well as a good plant growth promoter for common bean and other crops grown in India's Garhwal Himalaya.
Mechanically adaptive composites through piezoelectricity

Continuous technological advances resulted in an ever-growing need for novel materials. In conventional engineering materials, cyclic loadings weaken materials by initiating cracks or degrading materials, which leads to premature failure. Contrarily, natural materials such as bones address the issue elegantly. Stress is utilized as a stimulus for material synthesis to strengthen the material. The salient difference between these natural material systems and their synthetic counterparts is their adaptive behavior. Adaptive materials can self-tune their properties in response to stimuli from the environment. Recently, growing attention has been directed towards adaptive materials owing to their autonomous “smart” behavior and multifunctionality. The goal of this article is to discuss the recent efforts in adaptive materials with a focus on mechanically adaptive materials based on piezoelectricity. The rationale behind these material systems is explained as well as an overview of different material systems and their implications. Lastly, we will discuss the challenges to overcome and prospects for future studies.
Modeling social interaction dynamics measured with smartphone sensors: An ambulatory assessment study on social interactions and loneliness

More and more data are being collected using combined active (e.g., surveys) and passive (e.g., smartphone sensors) ambulatory assessment methods. Fine-grained temporal data, such as smartphone sensor data, allow gaining new insights into the dynamics of social interactions in day-to-day life and how these are associated with psychosocial phenomena – such as loneliness. So far, however, smartphone sensor data have often been aggregated over time, thus, not doing justice to the fine-grained temporality of these data. In this article, we demonstrate how time-stamped sensor data of social interactions can be modeled with multistate survival models. We examine how loneliness is associated with (a) the time between social interaction (i.e., interaction rate) and (b) the duration of social interactions in a student population (Nparticipants = 45, Nobservations = 74,645). Before a 10-week ambulatory assessment phase, participants completed the UCLA loneliness scale, covering subscales on intimate, relational, and collective loneliness. Results from the multistate survival models indicated that loneliness subscales were not significantly associated with differences in social interaction rate and duration – only relational loneliness predicted shorter social interaction encounters. These findings illustrate how the combination of new measurement and modeling methods can advance knowledge on social interaction dynamics in daily life settings and how they relate to psychosocial phenomena such as loneliness.
Analysis of delamination of unimorph cantilever piezoelectric energy harvesters

Unimorph piezoelectric energy harvesters are typically a unimorph cantilever beam located on a vibrating host structure. Delamination is one of the major failure modes of such unimorph cantilevers and therefore is studied in this article. The delaminated cantilever unimorph is modeled with one through-width crack using four Euler beams connected at delamination edges. The governing equations, the corresponding boundary conditions, and the kinematic continuity conditions are derived based on the Hamiltonian principle. The solutions of the voltage and power output for the present model are derived. The influence of the position and the length of the delamination, frequency of input base excitation, and load resistance on the voltage and power output are discussed in detail. The results show that delamination in the unimorph of the energy harvester will impressively decrease the voltage and power outputs. Influences of the delamination located at the free end of the cantilever are more obvious. For a given active length of the delaminated cantilever energy harvester, it is useful to increase the overall length of the cantilever to obtain a higher voltage and power outputs.
Composite fractional-order sliding mode controller for PMSM drives based on GPIO

In order to optimize the performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives, a fractional-order sliding mode (FOSM) control scheme combining generalized proportional integral observer (GPIO) is adopted in this paper. A FOSM controller is firstly employed to reduce the negative effects of the load torque and parameter variations in the PMSM system. However, the FOSM control method mostly needs high control gain to moderate the unfavorable effects of the total disturbance, which will inevitably lead to large chattering phenomenon. Therefore, the unknown lumped disturbance is effectively estimated by using a GPIO, and the estimated value is synchronously compensated to the FOSM speed controller. Even if a smaller control gain is chosen, the robustness of the proposed composite GPIO-based FOSM controller is better than that of the FOSM controller. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by comprehensive simulation and experimental results.
The impact of running-in on the friction of an automotive gasoline engine and in particular on its piston assembly and valve train

Generally, mating surfaces that are in tribological contact undergo a running-in process at the beginning of their operational lifetime. During this running-in phase, the tribological operating condition changes significantly leading ideally to long-term operation with a minimum of continuous wear. While this process and its duration are rather well understood for single machine elements like journal bearings, it is the aim of this work to investigate the running-in behaviour of more complex systems like an internal combustion engine and its sub-assemblies. To gain insight into the influence and duration of this running-in phase, a series of tests have been performed under realistic engine operating conditions. To be able to separate the running-in processes for the individual subsystems’ piston assembly, valve train and journal bearings of the crank train, a large series of tests have been conducted for a conventional gasoline passenger car engine. The results show a strong influence of the running-in process on total engine friction, which can be attributed mostly to the direct acting valve train and to a considerably lesser extent to the piston assembly.
A method of detecting modules

The present invention relates to a detection module, which lifting cylinder is fixed to a cylinder mounting plate, the lower plate lift cylinder is connected with the detection, can be driven by the lifting cylinder plate motion is detected; the cylinder through the lower mounting plate detection plate cylinder mounting an upper plate connected to the detection plate; detecting plate is fixed in said linear bearings, the bearing support is fixed to the detection plate, the linear bearing through the bearing housing together with the mounting plate; said mounting plate portion fixedly connected to the CCD fixing plate and a light source holder, a lower mounting plate connected to laser fixing plate; said regulating plate holder and adjusting nuts are mounted on the fixed plate CCD, CCD mounted on the adjustment plate, through the adjusting nut and the adjusting nut holder adjusting plate is connected together; the light source is mounted on the light source holder and the light source is located in front of the CCD; laser mounted on the laser fixing plate. The present invention is for detecting the mounting position for photographing and laser alignment.
Transcriptome profiling of abiotic responses to cold and drought stress of Cinnamomum kanehirae

Stout camphor tree (Cinnamomum kanehirae) is an economically and socially valuable timber species that is conserved in Taiwan Province, China. In this study, Illumina sequencing technology was used to identify genes in C. kanehirae and analyze their levels under drought and low temperature stresses. The obtained reads generated 27,885 single genes, including 8,136 that were differential. Based on the results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment, the primary metabolic pathways in response to drought and low temperature stress included sucrose and starch metabolism, photosynthesis, glycolysis and sugar metabolism synthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction, and flavonoid biosynthesis, as well as the identification of transcription factors (TFs) with different patterns of expression. Finally, the RNA-Seq data were validated using real-time fluorescence quantitative analysis to identify TFs with different patterns of expression. These data provide a valuable resource for further research on the molecular mechanisms of drought and low temperature stress in C. kanehirae and contribute to the exploration of drought and cold resistance genes.
The impact of COVID-19 vaccine rejection on hospital admission and variants spread worldwide: implications for healthcare policy

Objective. To predict when different countries will reach 70% of fully vaccinated population against COVID-19 and to assess the effects of vaccine rejection on the number of patients admitted to ICU and on rates of omicron and other SARS-Cov-2 variants infections. Methods. Data on the ‘number of patients with COVID-19 admitted to ICU’, ‘share of people who received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine’ and ‘percentage of unvaccinated population (USA, Brazil, Europe, Africa, Asia) that refuses to receive the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine’ were collected from a public database from December 2020-January 2022. Time series-based models were used to predict when countries will reach 70% rate of fully vaccinated population. Results. ARIMA model was robust for predicting COVID-19 vaccination in different countries. In the USA, Brazil, the European Union and Asia 70% of the population was vaccinated against COVID-19 between September 2021-April 2022. In the Africa, the forecast is only in the beginning of 2024. The percentage of the unvaccinated population had a significant effect on the increase in ICU admissions and on the increase of omicron, alpha, delta, and gamma variant cases. Conclusion. Although the ARIMA model showed the best performance to predict vaccination patterns, its accuracy may decrease over time especially due the vaccination rejection rate. In this scenario, strategies to improve vaccination should be implemented.
NEW THERMOPHILIC THERMOBIFIDA STRAIN KB-T3 FROM ALGERIAN SAHARAN SOIL: ISOLATION AND POLYPHASIC TAXONOMY

During a screening for the diversity of actinobacterial strains from Saharan soil samples collected from Béchar region (Algeria), one strain designated KB-T3 was isolated by dilution technique on chitin-vitamins agar medium. The taxonomic position of this strain was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Morphological and chemical characteristics of the KB-T3 strain were consistent with those of the genus Thermobifida. The KB-T3 strain had a white aerial mycelium with dictomically branched sporophores carrying coccoid secluded spores. The substrate mycelium was pale yellow, sterile, and non-fragmented. The strain is characterized by the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall, the galactose in whole-cell, and phosphatidylethanolamine in the cell membrane. The unique characteristic of this strain was its abundant growth with the absence of NaCl and in temperature‎ ranging from 40 to 65 °C, its capacity to decompose acetate, and its ability to use fructose, glucose and xylose as sole carbon source. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain KB-T3 should be classified in the genus Thermobifida and exhibited 99.79 % gene sequence similarity to Thermobifida fusca NBRC 14071T.
Detection of Ischemic Stroke Tissue Fate from the MRI Images Using a Deep Learning Approach

The ability to determine infarction thickness using magnetic resonance perfusion modulated imaging (PWI) should assist physicians to decide how vigorously to treat severe stroke victims. Algorithms for predicting tissue fate have indeed been created, although they are largely based on hand-crafted characteristics extracted from perfusion pictures, which seem to be susceptible to background subtraction approaches. Researchers show how deep convolution neural networks (CNNs) can be used to predict final stroke infarction thickness only using primary perfusion data throughout this paper. The number of recoverable tissues determines the alternative treatments for patients with acute ischemic stroke. The accuracy of this measurement technique is currently restricted by a set threshold and limited imagining paradigms. The values collection from real-time sensors was used to create and evaluate this suggested deep learning-based stroke illness statistical method. Several deep-learning systems (CNN-LSTM, LSTM, and CNN-Bidirectional LSTM) that specialize in time series analysis prediction and classification were analyzed and compared. These findings show that noninvasive technologies that can simply measure brainwave activity by itself can forecast and track stroke illnesses in real-time throughout ordinary life are feasible. When compared with the previous measuring approaches, these findings are predicted to lead to considerable improvements in early stroke diagnosis at a lower cost and with less inconvenience.
A Wireless Phone Charging System using Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting

A wireless phone charging system using Radio Frequency (RF) energy harvesting is presented in this paper. Battery size and extension of charge duration offer great challenge in mobile devices and the fact that one has to always connect it to the mains for charging. The research seeks to employ the RF received by its antenna to recharge mobile end devices. This study determined the suitable frequency for power transmission and chooses an efficient microstrip patch antenna which has a gain of 3.762dB, directivity of 5.906dB, and a power density of 7.358dBW/m2. A 7stage voltage doubler was employed to harvest the 3.75V dc from the RF which is suitable to charge a mobile phone. The antenna was designed and simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) studio suite while the RF to DC converter was design and simulated using Intelligent Schematic Input System (ISIS) Proteus.
Analisis Pengaruh Rugi-Rugi Daya Pada Jaringan Transmisi 150 kV Menggunakan Software Etap 12.6

Sistem kelistrikan pembangkit serta pusat- pusat beban pada biasanya terpisah dalam ratusan apalagi ribuan km, sehingga tenaga listrik yang dibangkitkan wajib disalurkan lewat penghantar jaringan transmisi. Sumber tenaga listrik meliputi 3 tahapan semacam sistem pembangkit, jaringan transmisi serta distribusi, sehingga memunculkan kendala dalam proses penyaluran tenaga listrik. Salah satu kendala diakibatkan oleh aspek rugi- rugi energi akibat jarak antar pusat pembangkit dengan pusat beban yang jauh. Pengaruh dari rugi- rugi energi ini menimbulkan hilangnya energi yang besar. Analisis buat memperoleh nilai rugi- rugi energi di jaringan transmisi 150 kV periset merancangan sistem aliran energi dengan memakai aplikasi ETAP 12. 6. Tata cara yang digunakan periset ialah mengambil informasi tegangan serta arus secara terus menerus sepanjang satu setiap hari penuh dikala terbentuknya beban puncak, pada jam 17. 00 serta jam 21. 00 Wib. Beban puncak rugi- rugi energi paling tinggi terjalin malam hari ialah pada 30 desember 2017 sebesar 0, 84 MW pada pembebanan 15% yang terjalin di GI langsa ke GI panton labu. Sebaliknya pada pembebanan 50% rugi– rugi energi sangat besar sebesar 0, 9452 MW terjalin pada GI langsa ke GI tualang cut. Beban puncak rugi- rugi energi paling tinggi terjalin sore hari serta malam hari pada 30 desember 2017 sebesar 1. 148 MW terjalin pada GI langsa ke GI pangkalan Brandan. Sebaliknya rugi- rugi energi terendah 0, 635 MW terjalin di GI langsa ke GI tualang cut. The power generation system and load centers are usually separated by hundreds or even thousands of kilometer, so the electricity generated must be distributed through the transmission network conductor. The source of electricity includes 3 stages such as the generation system, transmission and distribution network, thus creating obstacles in the process of distributing electricity. One of the obstacles is caused by the aspect of energy losses due to the distance between the generating center and the far load center. The effect of these energy losses results in a large energy loss. Analysis to obtain the value of energy losses in a 150 kV transmission network, researchers design an energy flow system using the ETAP 12 application. 6. The method used by researchers is to take voltage and current information continuously for one full day when peak loads are formed, at 17: 00 and at 21. 00 Wib. The peak load of the highest energy losses occurred at night was on December 30, 2017 of 0. 84 MW at a 15% load that occurred in the Langsa to the Panton Labu substation. On the other hand, at 50% loading, very large energy losses of 0. 9452 MW are intertwined from the Langsa substation to the tualang cut substation. The peak load of energy losses was highest in the afternoon and evening on December 30, 2017 of 1, 148 MW at the Langsa substation to the Pangkalan Brandan substation. On the other hand, the lowest energy losses of 0. 635 MW are intertwined in the Langsa substation to the tualang cut substation.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A SOCIAL MEDIA ANALYTICS TOOL ‘SOCIAL BEARING’ TO COMPREHEND FOREIGN PROPAGANDA RELATED TO PAPUAN SEPARATIST ISSUES

Foreign intervention in interfering with domestic affairs is a violation of international law. The intervention was in the form of massive propaganda about Papuan separatists carried out on social media Twitter so an analytical tool was needed that made it easier to understand propaganda by foreign parties. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of social media analysis tools in the form of Social Bearing to understand foreign propaganda related to the Papua issue. This research is qualitative research using Modern Propaganda Theory. The results showed that Twitter account propaganda could be identified easily through the use of the Social Bearing analysis tool so that the @FreeWestPapuaNL account propaganda techniques and techniques could be identified and visible in the 11 results of the Social Bearing analysis, the account used pervasive propaganda methods while the propaganda techniques were Testimony and Card Stacking. These propaganda methods and techniques constitute a violation of international law due to foreign intervention in Indonesia's internal affairs. For this reason, Indonesia must reaffirm at international forums that the Papua problem is a domestic problem for Indonesia. In addition, foreign parties massively spread content about Papuan separatists, both from their tweets and by sharing tweets from other Twitter accounts. The use of separatist issues is more massive when there are moments that are closely related to the Papuan separatist issue