Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inter-individual variability in reproductive success and somatic growth in Cichlasoma dimerus (Heckel, 1840)

Environmental factors and social interactions are known to affect somatic growth and reproduction in teleost fish. It has been described for Cichlasoma dimerus that only one pair is formed under a wide range of laboratory conditions. However, this was not observed in tanks composed of three males and three females, where multiple pair formation occurred. Thus, our objective was to evaluate somatic growth and reproductive performance in C. dimerus under this particular condition, in which more than one pair is expected to be formed. A clear sexual growth dimorphism, with males growing faster than females, and multiple pair formation, sometimes simultaneously, were observed. Both features were absent in previous studies with other aquaria structures. Additionally, there was a significant association between reproductive events and body size, where the bigger the fish, both male and female, the higher the number of reproductive events. Despite the sexual growth dimorphism, no differences were observed between males and females in IGF-I and GHR2 mRNA levels. The results obtained for this social species show a high inter-individual variability in the aquaria in regard to reproductive success and growth. This may have implications on experimental design, where a low level of heterogeneity between fish is desirable. If this variability is not taken into account, possible treatment effects may not be detected.
Optimization of Transportation Routing Problem for Fresh Food by Improved Ant Colony Algorithm Based on Tabu Search

With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards and their increasing demand for fresh food, the cold chain logistics industry has developed rapidly. One of the biggest challenges to today’s cold chain logistics is to offer fresh food while minimizing CO2 emissions. The fresh degree and CO2 emissions are involved in the vehicle routing optimization problem in the cold chain logistics. In order to meet the quality requirement for fresh agricultural products and low carbon logistics, a novel routing optimization model considering the costs of quality deterioration and carbon emissions (Low Carbon and Freshness Degrees Vehicle Routing Problem (LCFD-VRP)) for cold chain distribution was established in this study. This model takes into account the fixed cost, fuel cost and time window penalty cost. An improved ant colony algorithm (IACA) is used to optimize the whole vehicle distribution routing with its strong global search ability. Tabu Search (TS) algorithm is used to search the single vehicle distribution routing with its good local search ability. An IACA combined with TS (IACATS) was proposed to solve the above LCFD-VRP model. The practicability of the model and the effectiveness of the above improved algorithm are verified using a real case study. The results of Zhoushan Dayang Refrigerated Logistics Co., Ltd. showed that, compared with the traditional algorithm, IACATS could reduce the dispatching of two refrigerated vehicles, thus lowering the total cost by 4.94%, shortening the actual transportation distance by 5.50% and cutting the total CO2 emissions by 8.9%. Therefore, the LCFD-VRP model can effectively help to achieve the low carbon emissions, multi-variety and low-cost distribution of fresh agricultural products. The proposed model and IACATS algorithm would be used to optimize VRP in cold chain enterprises. The results of this study also provide management suggestions for cold chain enterprises to effectively balance economic cost and environmental cost.
Evaluation of speaker-dependent and average-voice Vietnamese statistical speech synthesis systems

This paper describes the development and evaluation of a Vietnamese statistical speech synthesis system using the average voice approach. Although speaker-dependent systems have been applied extensively, no average voice based system has been developed for Vietnamese so far. We have collected speech data from several Vietnamese native speakers and employed state-of-the-art speech analysis, model training and speaker adaptation techniques to develop the system. Besides, we have performed perceptual experiments to compare the quality of speaker-adapted (SA) voices built on the average voice model and speaker-dependent (SD) voices built on SD models, and to confirm the effects of contextual features including word boundary (WB) and part-of-speech (POS) on the quality of synthetic speech. Evaluation results show that SA voices have significantly higher naturalness than SD voices when the same limited contextual feature set excluding WB and POS is used. In addition, SA voices trained with limited contextual features excluding WB and POS still have better quality than SD voices trained with full contextual features including WB and POS. These results show the robustness of the average voice method over the speakerdependent approach for Vietnamese statistical speech synthesis.
The plastid and mitochondrial genomes of Vavilovia Formosa (Stev.) Fed. and the phylogeny of related legume genera

The plastid and mitochondrial genomes of Vavilovia formosa (Stev.) Fed. were assembled on the base of the data of high-throughput sequencing of DNA isolated from a sample from North Osetia, Russia, using Illumina and PacBio platforms. The long PacBio reads were sufficient for reliable assembling organellar genomes while the short Illumina reads obtained from total DNA were unacceptable for this purpose because of substantial contamination by nuclear sequences. The organellar genomes were circular DNA molecules; the genome of mitochondria was represented by two circular chromosomes. A phylogenetic analysis on the basis of plastid genomes available in public databases was performed for some representatives of the tribes Fabeae, Trifolieae and Cicereae. As was expected, the V. formosa branch proved to be sister to the Pisum branch, and the tribe Fabeae was monophyletic. The position of Trifolium L. appeared sensitive to the phylogeny reconstruction method, either clustering with Fabeae or with the genera Medicago L. , Trigonella L. and Melilotus Mill. , but the internodes between successive divergences were short in all cases, suggesting that the radiation of Trifolium, other Trifolieae and Fabeae was fast, occurring within a small time interval as compared to further evolution of these lineages. The data on the relatedness of the plastid genomes of Trifolium and Fabeae correlate with the similarity of N2-fixing symbionts in these legumes represented by Rhizobium leguminosarum biovars trifolii and viciae, while the symbionts of Medicago, Melilotus and Trigonella belong to the Sinorhizobium meliloti and S. medicae species, which are distant from Rhizobium.
Korean Adolescents’ Life Satisfaction : The Effects of Social Support and Psychological Factors

This study aimed to investigate the effects of social support and psychological factors on life satisfaction as well as the paths among them. The results are as follows. Social support did not have direct impact on their life satisfaction. However, it positively influenced psychological factors such as self-efficacy and emotion regulation, and this in turn affected their life satisfaction. Keywords-life satisfaction; social support; psychological factors
THE JOURNAL OF TEACHING ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC AND ACADEMIC PURPOSES

The mission of higher education institutions is to prepare future professionals for a rapidly changing labor market, yet what skills we teach students, and how we teach them, is highly problematic. The ability to collaborate is crucial for success in professional and academic endeavor; the challenge for foreign language educators is to shift the focus of courses in ways that address the development of collaboration skills. Yet, this also becomes a challenge in scholarly literature on English for Specific Purposes (ESP), since research in this field has been somewhat limited, i.e., most commonly it investigates collaborative writing as a way of developing collaboration. Furthermore, the explicit teaching of collaboration, as well as the inclusion of diverse tasks to enhance collaboration, are often neglected by researchers. Also neglected in this field of research are the challenges and opportunities that students experience while learning to collaborate during ESP classes. The paper aims at acquiring more in-depth insights into the phenomenon of collaboration during ESP classes to facilitate the practice of language educators who can no longer neglect the urgent need to develop collaboration through their classes. The authors of the paper, who were also the designers of ESP tasks, sought to develop collaboration skills by both engaging learners in collaborative tasks and integrating additional measures to address this skill. Qualitative data acquired via observations and semi-structured interviews revealed that such tasks could contribute to students‟ overall performance to improve language proficiency because they enhance motivation and engagement. Apart from collaboration skills, they contribute to the development of many essential skills vital for engagement in the twenty-first century workplace. Notwithstanding, they pose challenges to students and this indicates the need for more frequent collaborative tasks and progress with additional measures that develop students‟ collaboration abilities in higher education.
The impact of oil price shocks on selected Kazakhstan’s macroeconomic indicators

This article studies the correlation between world oil prices and the selected Kazakhstan’s macroeconomic variables using the method of vector autoregression (VAR). As expected, the macroeconomic variables under consideration demonstrate a significant correlation with oil price fluctuations. However, the results of the research show a certain discrepancy with the earlier researches, which considered previous negative oil price shock of 2008 in the form of quicker reaction to such shocks. This means that the dependence of Kazakh economy on oil price fluctuations increased since the previous oil price plunge1. In this regard, it is worth pointing out that none of these researches targeted the relationship between oil prices and Kazakh macro-economy after June 2014, when the last oil price shock began. Another important result is the timeframe during which the influence of oil price shocks is actually significant. These results are important for understanding the processes happening in the economies of Kazakhstan and other oil-exporting countries.
The purpose of electrocardiography in acute and chronic diseases with right ventricular involvement

Electrocardiography is a basic diagnostic tool and one that plays a significant role in differentiating many diseases, including those involving the right heart. The diagnosis of right ventricular (RV) pathology is difficult due to the complex structure and the wide spectrum of haemodynamic disorders resulting from its dysfunction. The use of a standard electrocardiogram (ECG) with right-sided leads can be a valuable complement of imaging tests, especially when these are not quickly available. Numerous electrocardiographic abnormalities are observed in the course of acute pulmonary embolism, chronic pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular myocardial infarction, or arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, and some of these also have prognostic significance. Unfortunately, despite its simplicity and utility, ECG is insufficiently sensitive and specific to be the single tool in the recognition of RV pathologies. ECG is a common, inexpensive, non-invasive and easily accomplished complementary test, which can be useful in diagnostic algorithm of right heart diseases.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Malay Version of the Recreational Exercise Motivation Measure

The purpose of the present study was to validate the Malay language version of the Recreational Exercise Motivation Measure (REMM-M) using a confirmatory approach. A total of 506 (females=373, males=133) university students with a mean age of 20 (SD=1.7) years old, participate in this study. Participants completed the REMM-M to measure their motives for doing recreational exercise. The REMM-M consisted of eight subscales, with 73 items measuring motives of respondents related to recreational exercise. The confirmatory factor analysis was tested on the REMM-M using the Mplus 7.3 software. We developed eight hypothesised measurement models of REMM-M based on each subscale. Therefore, there were eight measurement models with eight latent variables and the number of observed variables for each measurement model ranged from seven to 11. All the eight hypothesised measurement models were found not in good fit based on several fit indices. Therefore, several modifications were made iteratively, with theoretical support, to improve the measurement models. These modifications included deleting 22 low-loading items (< 0.50). The final measurement models were combined as one complete measurement model of REMM-M and the CFA results indicated fit based on several fit indices (SRMR=0.064 and RMSEA=0.049 (90% CI: 0.046 to 0.051), Clfit=0.832). The motive constructs’ reliability of the final measurement model were acceptable, ranging from 0.683 to 0.867. The final measurement model comprised 51 items and eight subscales. Overall, 70% of the items were retained from the original English version of REMM. Kueh, Y. C. , Kuan, G. , Morris, T. , and Naing, N. N. 590 Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum. 25 (2): 1 600 (2017)
Fishery Management in a Regime Switching Environment: Utility Based Approach

In this paper we study the problem of optimal fishing for regime switching, which may be regarded as sequential optimal problem with changes of regimes. The growth dynamics of a given fish species is described by the differential stochastic logistic model in which we take into account two states: prior or during floods and after. The resulting dynamic programming principle leads to a system of variational inequalities, by means of viscosity solutions approach, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the value functions. Then numerical approximation is used to answer the question: what is the optimal fishing effort for a sustainable fishery?
Urbanization: Exploring Rural-Urban Migration, Conflict, and Anthropogenic Change in Colombia

Anthropogenic change is generally associated with population growth, land use change, and changing economies. However, internal migration patterns and armed conflicts can also be key drivers behind these anthropogenic change and demographic change processes. To better understand this dynamic, we explore the spatial relationship between forced migration due to armed conflict and changing demographic factors in Colombia; a country with a recent history of 7 million internal migrants. First, we spatiotemporally analyzed the relationship between anthropogenic and demographic change due to forced migration from internal armed conflicts using remote sensing to measure anthropogenic change during 1984-2018 and we then used statistical and spatial analyses of demographic data. We found that anthropogenic change is significantly and positively related with increased rural-urban migration. Results show that interregional expulsion is also negatively associated with such anthropogenic change. Indeed, different regions anthropogenic prints have had different sensibilities towards forced migration, and across different time periods. Findings are then used to discuss how social and political phenomena such as armed conflict can have significant effects on the dynamics and trajectories of humans and territories in countries such as Colombia.
Fabrication of PMMA/CaCO3 Nanocomposites: Optimization of Tensile Strength through Taguchi’s Analysis

PMMA/CaCO3 nanocomposites have been fabricated by in-situ polymerization. The influence of concentration and stirring speed on tensile strength have been studied. The experimental results were optimized using Taguchi’s approach. L9 Orthogonal arrays of Taguchi, the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) are employed to find the optimal input parameter levels and to analyze the effect of these parameters on tensile strength. Experimental results showed that tensile strength PMMA/CaCO3 nanocomposites increased up to 53 % at 0.6 wt. % CaCO3 and 1000 rpm in comparison to corresponding pure PMMA. The experimental results and various statistical approaches namely, Taguchi methods, Conceptual S/N ratio and drew similar conclusions. The ANOVA analysis showed that speed is more dominant in comparison to concentration.
Extraction of Tumor in Brain MRI using Support Vector Machine and Performance Evaluation

In this article, we discuss mainly the extraction of tumor in brain MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) images based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) technique. This is followed by evaluation of performance parameters and description of tumor regarding its size and location. MRI being a non-invasive procedure, can provide very good soft tissue contrast and so, forms a suitable imaging method for processing which leads to brain tumor detection and description. At first, we preprocess the given MRI image using anisotropic diffusion method, and then SVM technique is applied which classifies the image into tumor and non-tumorous regions. Next, we do the extraction of tumor, the Region of Interest (ROI) and description of it by calculating its size and position in the image. The remaining part, i.e., brain with no tumor presence, is referred as Non Region of Interest (NROI). We also calculate the parameters that reflects the performance of the approach. The work forms computer assisted demarcation of tumor from brain MRI and aims to be a part of routine which would otherwise performed manually by specialists. Here we focus on one of the common types of brain tumors, the Gliomas. These tumors have proved to be life threatening in advanced stages.
Biochemical and morphophysiological strategies of Myracrodruon

In view of the ecological, social, and economic importance of Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemao, the objective of this study was to investigate the strategies of this species under drought during its initial phase of development. Two-month-old plants were cultivated under continuous irrigation or no irrigation for 20 d. After this period, the water-stressed plants were rehydrated for 20 d. Physiological, biochemical, and anatomical variables were evaluated on 20th and 40th day. Water deficit (25 and 85 % leaf relative content) caused senescence followed by leaf abscission. Growth in height was negatively affected by water deficit (37 % reduction). A decrease in the thickness of the mesophyll was accompanied by a decrease of the total chlorophyll content. Water deficit affected saccharide metabolism and altered cellular component dynamics. Enzyme activities were higher during the rehydration period than during the water stress. There was no increase in lipid peroxidation in plants subjected to water deficit. A reduction in the stomatal opening during water stress was a strategy of reducing water loss through transpiration.
Comparative Morphologic and Morphometric Study on the Developmental Aspects of In Vitro and In Vivo Reared Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Stricto Using Differential Interference Contrast (DIC)/Nomarski and Phase Contrast Microscopy

Background: Echinococcus granulosus is a zoonotic parasite with worldwide distribution. The present study focused on comparative morphologic and morphometric observations on the developmental aspects of whole body, more special the reproductive structures of in vitro reared adult worms (RAW) and in vivo reared adult worms in definitive host (AWIDH) using differential interference contrast (DIC)/Nomarski, phase contrast and routine optical microscopy. Methods: A total number of 10 in vitro and 10 in vivo reared adult worms of E. granulosus sensu stricto, G1 strain were selected. The worms were processed by Formaldehyde-Alcohol-Azocarmine-Lactophenol (FAAL). The details of morphological factors and reproductive structures of each worm including 25 biometrical parameters were studied by routine optical, phase contrast and Nomarski microscopy. The details of the samples were photographed, measured and analyzed. The fine structures of the parasite including the details of cirrus sac and developmental stages in different strobila were more obvious observing by Nomarski microscopy. Results: The morphometric characters in the RAW and AWIDH showed that length of immature proglottid, length of mature proglottid, length of suckers are larger in RAW than AWIDH worms with statistical difference. Characters in E. granulosus of RAW and AWIDH showed that total number of segments, number of mature segments and the total number of testes were greater in RAW than AWIDH worms; while only the number of mature segments was statistically different is two groups. Conclusion: Application of DIC/Nomarski and phase contrast microscopy together with morphometric criteria are useful means for comparing the developmental aspects of in vitro and in vivo reared adults of E. granulosus.
Fiordland Earthquake , and its near-source aftershock strong motion data

The 2003 Fiordland earthquake was not only the best ever recorded interface earthquake to occur in New Zealand, it also provided the opportunity to collect near-source strong-motion data produced by its aftershocks covering a wide magnitude range. Near-source strong-motion data had been lacking in the New Zealand data set, on which current attenuation models are based. Here I present some preliminary results relating recorded peak ground accelerations in the near-source field to current attenuation models. The near-source data from the 2003 Fiordland earthquake sequence has shown that the observed data has a greater magnitude-dependence than that predicted by the current attenuation models. This new data will help to improve current models and lead to a better understanding of the attenuation process associated with New Zealand interface earthquakes.
E. Skakalina National University “Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic”, Poltava, Ukraine APPLICATION OF ANT OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHMS IN THE SOLUTION OF THE ROUTING PROBLEM

The article discusses current issues of using evolutionary algorithms to solve the routing problem. Ant algorithms (MA), like most types of evolutionary algorithms, are based on the use of a population of potential solutions and are designed to solve combinatorial optimization problems, first of all, search for various paths on graphs. The cooperation between individuals (artificial ants) is implemented on the basis of stigmetry modeling. In addition, each agent, called artificial ant, is looking for a solution to the problem. Artificial ants consistently build a solution to the problem, moving around the graph, lay the pheromone and, when choosing a further section of the path, take into account the concentration of this enzyme. The higher the concentration of pheromone in the subsequent section, the greater the likelihood of its choice. Since MA is based on the movement of ants along some paths, MAs are effective, first of all, in solving problems that can be interpreted in the form of a graph. Computer experiments showed that the efficiency of MA increases with increasing dimension of the problem and for tasks on high-dimensional graphs they work faster than other evolutionary algorithms. Good results were also noted in solving non-stationary problems on graphs with a changing environment. In connection with this, the implementation of the meta heuristic method is proposed as a modification of ant optimization algorithms. The scheme of the system is presented. A software product specification is also provided.