Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symbiont arrangement and metabolism can explain high δ13C in Eocene planktonic foraminifera

An important question in climate modeling is whether carbon cycling is fundamentally different in warm versus cold climate states. A key line of evidence regarding this question comes from the unusually large difference in carbon-isotope values (δ13C) between shallow-dwelling muricate foraminifera and foraminifera living deeper in the water column in the Paleogene. This has been interpreted as evidence that warmer temperatures elevated the metabolic rates of carbon-recycling bacteria, resulting in a steeper gradient in the δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) and reduced carbon export. However, this interpretation depends on the assumption that vital effects—biological processes that bias foraminiferal δ13C—are constant throughout time. We test this assumption using a chemical model of the foraminiferal microenvironment and find that the hypothesized increase in metabolic rates should also increase vital effects, meaning that both Paleogene δ13CDIC gradients and the temperature dependence of metabolism must have been significantly lower than previously estimated. We further propose that muricate foraminifera may have evolved a novel “mat” strategy for photosymbiosis wherein symbionts rested on the muricae in a thin layer surrounding the shell. This hypothesis can explain both the function of muricae and the observed isotopic data without the need for any change in metabolism. Our work thus challenges existing interpretations of δ13C and provides a path forward to empirically test the magnitude of temperature-dependent metabolic change in the deep past.
Trends in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Asians versus Whites:Results from the United States National Health Interview Survey

Lee JWR et al.examined trends in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and related conditions in Asian Americans compared with non-Hispanic whites in the paper"Trends in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in asians versus Whites"(Diabetes Care,2011,34:353-357.),The essential parts were tanslated in the following article.
Statistical Analysis of Bed Load Transport over an Armored Bed Layer with Cluster Microforms

River engineers have long been challenged by the need to predict sediment transport, especially over armored riverbeds. This study investigates the statistical properties of bed load transport over an armored bed layer with cluster microforms in laboratory experiments. Particle clusters on the sediment bed were formed by widely graded particles under constant flow. A series of key kinematic parameters computed from particle trajectories recorded by a digital camcorder, including mean squared particle displacement (MSD), particle number activity, particle velocities, step length, and rest period, were analyzed. The scaling growth of the MSD with time showed that the particle diffusion regime was superdiffusive at small time scales, but became subdiffusive at larger time scales. The particle number activity follows a negative binomial distribution, and the probability distributions of streamwise and transverse particle velocities displayed heavy asymptotic tails, which indicates the particle clusters might exert a dual impact on bed load transport: some particles are accelerated in the preferential paths between particle clusters, while others were obstructed by the particle clusters. In addition, the bed load diffusion regime varied with observation time scales. The findings of this study can gain insight into the bed load transport processes over armored riverbeds.
Skin Reactions Associated to Phenytoin Administration: Multifactorial Cause

Purpose: Cutaneous reactions can be associated with phenytoin administration. Such reactions can be explained by the formation of reactive species (arene oxide and quinones) capable of interacting covalently with cell macromolecules during phenytoin metabolism. Enzymes involved in reactive species detoxification are polimorphically expressed in humans. A genetic abnormality leading to a defective microsomal epoxidase hydrolase (main detoxification enzyme) activity could be one of the causes leading to this kind of adverse effect, but not the only one. The purpose of this study was to give a deeper insight into the main causes leading to skin reactions. Methods: Cutaneous reactions experienced by some healthy volunteers enrolled in a pharmacokinetic study of phenytoin were analyzed in depth. The activity of the microsomal epoxidase enzyme was determined. Results: Six out of twelve healthy volunteers receiving phenytoin in multiple doses exhibited rash. More female subjects or volunteers with a rapid input of the drug and/or a faster phenytoin metabolism or defective microsomal epoxidase hydrolase activity experienced these cutaneous reactions. Conclusions: Arene oxide metabolite seems to be the responsible entity for cutaneous reactions. The genesis of this adverse effect after phenytoin administration is multifactorial revealing that other risks factors (not only the genetic one) such as being a woman in the fertile life period or under contraceptive therapy, or a rapid drug input and /or a faster phenytoin metabolism could lead to a higher formation rate of the arene oxide.
What helps and hinders family practice residents learn communication competencies in a behavioural medicine program

Research regarding adverse effects produced from poor communication between physicians and their patients has increased Behavioural Medicine Programs in medical curricula. Efficient and cost-effective instruction is sought for the programs. This study's purpose was to develop a set of categories describing what helps and what hinders family practice residents in a hospital's Family Practice Behavioural Medicine Program (the BMP) learn communication competencies targeted by the BMP. The participants were residents in the BMP who volunteered for an in-depth interview required by the study's qualitative methodology: the critical incident technique. From the specific factors, behaviours, and events reported in the incidents, 9 helpful categories and 5 hindering categories were formed. The four main theories supporting the categories are selfefficacy theory, experiential teaching method, self-determination theory, and group process theory. All the categories have theoretical support and are of value for future development of the BMP.
013EUROPEAN MULTICENTRE EXPERIENCE WITH SUTURELESS PERCEVAL VALVE: CLINICAL AND HAEMODYNAMIC OUTCOMES UP TO 5 YEARS IN OVER 700 PATIENTS

1 Cardio-thoracic, Transplantation & Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany 2 Klinikum Nuernberg, Center of Cardiac Surgery, Nuremberg, Germany 3 Cardiac Surgery, U.Z. Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium 4 Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland 5 Hospital Cardiologique Du HautLeveque, Pessac, France 6 Herzzentrum Universitaet Leipzig, Klinik fur Herzchirurgie, Leipzig, Germany 7 Cardiac Medico-Surgical Department, Institute Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
Destination Compatibility, Affordances, and Coding Rules: A Reply to Proctor, Van Zandt, Lu, and Weeks

Proctor, Van Zandt, Lu, and Weeks (1993) argued that the invocation of affordances to explain stimulus-response (S-R) compatibilities in reaction time is not needed because left-right direction compatibility, from the coding rules approach, explains the apparent "destination compatibility" effect of Michaels (1988). In this reply, an experiment demonstrates that destination compatibility can be shown even when contradicted by relative left-right motion. The second half of the article addresses theoretical issues separating and joining these two approaches. It is argued that the domain of the affordance approach in S-R compatibility is the guidance of action by information, whereas the domain of coding rules is S-R incompatibility and noncompatibility, situations in which required responses are not afforded and rules must be invoked. The manipulation of rules can mimic some of the consequences of more fundamental perception-action couplings, but principles of the latter sort are needed.
Seminar for Improving Marital Satisfaction in the New Bethel Seventh-day Adventist Church in Antigua/Barbuda

Problem The New Bethel Seventh-day Adventist Church in Antigua and Barbuda had four marriage enrichment seminars, covering general topics, between 2006 and 2010. However, based on my observations the marital satisfaction of those who attended did not appear to improve as a result of these seminars. Matters such as commitment, communication issues, and handling conflict seemed to be the major factors which accounted for low marital satisfaction. The development of a seminar to address these specific needs was thought to be advantageous. Method A weekend seminar entitled, “Committed to my Spouse” was developed and presented in August 2013. A didactic approach was taken with the use of power point presentations and DVD illustrations. Focus groups were also incorporated as a form of assessment and analysis. In order to measure change the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (EMS Scale) was used as a pre and post-test. The seminar focused on three core areas, commitment, communication skills, and problem solving. The success of the seminar was measured by employing the responses of the study sample to the EMS Scale and to their participation in a focus group. Results Twelve couples met the participation requirements and voluntarily decided to be a part of the study. One hundred percent (100%) of the couples attended all of the sessions. Results of the pre-test indicated that 75% of the participants indicated moderate to high levels of marital satisfaction while 25% indicated low to very low levels of marital satisfaction. Three months after delivery of the weekend seminar a post-test revealed that 77.3% indicated moderate to high levels of marital satisfaction while 22.7% of the respondents indicated low to very low levels of marital satisfaction. Since the completion of the study, one couple has separated. Conclusions Data collected through the EMS Scale did not indicate a significant variance between the pre and post assessments. However, focus group responses from the study sample suggest significant benefit was received from the marriage education process.
A Survey of Burnout of the Mental Health Occupational Therapy Staff in the Psychiatric Hospital, Bahrain

Emotional burnout is associated with decreased job performance and poor career satisfaction. It has special significance in mental health care settings, where clinicians experience psychological, emotional and physical stress. This study aimed to determine the extent to which occupational therapy staff employed in a Bahrain mental health setting were affected by burnout. Questionnaires were sent to all clinicians in the Psychiatric Hospital, Bahrain (n = 261). An effective response rate of 58% (n = 153) was achieved, with 13 of the responses being from the occupational therapy department. The research measure was the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), comprising emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal accomplishment. The occupational therapy staff experienced a high level of emotional exhaustion, moderate depersonalisation and high personal accomplishment. They differed from other groups on the depersonalisation scale, scoring higher than any other professional group. The results are congruent with those of previous studies and it is proposed that the focus of future research should be on identifying causes of burnout.
Profesores universitarios mexicanos de lengua inglesa en el extranjero: percepciones de sus contextos de aprendizaje

This study examines the perceptions of five English teachers, Mexicans, about their learning environments during their graduate studies in various British universities. The results indicate that the positive influences of their learning contexts were: (a) the quality of instruction, (b) the use of activities to facilitate understanding, and (c) freedom of choice of subjects and study methods. Negative influences reported concerning the learning environment: (a) lack of congruence between teaching and evaluation, (b) inconsistency in teachers’ evaluation practices, (c) teachers lack of clarity regarding their expectations and feedback, and (d) type of academic support received. The results suggest that higher education on a global scale requires teachers with more experience in international education. Future research on student perceptions of learning contexts might address thesociocultural aspects of this.
Dynamic Controls on Field‐Scale Soil Nitrous Oxide Hot Spots and Hot Moments Across a Microtopographic Gradient

Soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are highly variable in space and time, making it difficult to estimate ecosystem level fluxes of this potent greenhouse gas. While topographic depressions are often evoked as permanent N2O hot spots and rain events are well‐known triggers of N2O hot moments, soil N2O emissions are still poorly predicted. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine how to best use topography and rain events as variables to predict soil N2O emissions at the field scale. We measured soil N2O emissions 11 times over the course of one growing season from 65 locations within an agricultural field exhibiting microtopography. We found that the topographic indices best predicting soil N2O emissions varied by date, with soil properties as consistently poor predictors. Large rain events (>30 mm) led to an N2O hot moment only in the early summer and not in the cool spring or later in the summer when crops were at peak growth and likely had high evapotranspiration rates. In a laboratory experiment, we demonstrated that low heterotrophic respiration rates at cold temperatures slowly depleted soil dissolved O2, thus suppressing denitrification over the 2–3 day timescale typical of field ponding. Our findings show that topographic depressions do not consistently act as N2O hot spots and that rainfall does not consistently trigger N2O hot moments. We assert that the spatiotemporal variation in soil N2O emissions is not always characterized by predictable hot spots or hot moments and that controls on this variation change depending on environmental conditions.
Keeping busy with purpose: Virtuous occupations as a means of expressing worth during asylum

Refugees are increasingly acknowledged as facing significant occupational injustice and they experience multiple barriers to finding meaningful occupational opportunities. Occupation has enormous potential for enhancing the post migratory experience, but choice of occupation is important. People strive to move beyond simply ‘keeping busy’ to find occupations of real meaning which meet personal and cultural needs. Altruism is the principle or practice of doing for others, and can be expressed through, or be a motivation for, a range of occupations. This paper asserts that ‘doing of others’ can be particularly meaningful, and may provide opportunities for personal, social and cultural rewards. The findings presented here arose as part of a study exploring the occupational experiences of people seeking asylum in the United Kingdom. This phenomenological study gathered data from ten participants through a series of in depth interviews. The study found that participants held a preference for altruistic occupations. Participants engaged with a number of altruistic occupations, prompted by kinship, empathy, learned behaviour and moral principles. The occupations appeared to promote connectivity, positive sense of self and a connection between past and present occupations, called here ‘occupational constancy’. In seeking occupations rich with meaning and purpose, the drive to ‘do for others’ could provide individuals with opportunities to live well in the here and now, and rise above the hardship and marginalisation of asylum and forced migration.
Synthesis of high density sub-10 µm (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3-xCeO2 lead-free ceramics using a two-step sintering technique

ABSTRACT (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3-xCeO2, (BCZTCe) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were processed conventionally using a two-step sintering technique. The results suggest that two-step sintering is an effective technique to acquire a high density (99%) homogeneous microstructure with sub-10 μm grain size. The low CeO2 content (0.07 wt.%) facilitates good functional properties at low sintering conditions of T1 = 1400°C/30 min & T2 = 1275°C/4 h, in which d33 = 353 ± 7 pC/N, kp= 40%, εr= 3393 ± 100, tan δ =0.039, TC = 96. 5ºC, Pr = 11.45 μC/cm2, EC = 2.32 kV/cm and a large strain of 0.18%. These results indicate that BCZTCe ceramics are a promising lead-free piezoelectric substitute for room temperature device applications.
Words, wigs and veils : modest religious dress and gendered online identities

Words, Wigs and Veils: Modest Religious Dress and Gendered Online Identities In this thesis, I explore how Muslim and Jewish women in a predominantly North American cultural context use online public spaces to blog about their religious dress practices. Existing comparisons between online self-representation and religious dress among Muslim and Jewish women includes work by Reina Lewis (2013) and Emma Tarlo (2013 and 2016). My research builds on and expands their contributions, while depending on slightly different primary sources and theoretical frameworks. Consequently, I use Mol’s (2002) concept of ‘enactment’ to elaborate how Mahmood’s (2005) and Avishai’s (2008) arguments for women’s religious practices within the confines of conservative religions to be understood as a form of ethical agency, might operate online. Additionally, in light of how different forms of authority are enacted in the primary sources, I interrogate Heidi Campbell’s (2007) preliminary framework of multiple layers of religious authority online. Approaching the loose blogging networks of about 30 blogs per religion from a qualitative, humanities perspective, I consider the bloggers to have creative control over their writing: I study online writing about religious dress, not religious dress itself. Beyond using snapshots of blog posts written by individual bloggers, I consider how some of the bloggers’ perspectives have changed over time, and analyse interactions between bloggers and commenters in the ‘Comments’ sections of relevant posts. I argue that enactments of gendered religious identities online are often led by women, within frameworks that are simultaneously personal and which the bloggers themselves consider orthodox. Such personal, but not necessarily feminist, online accounts challenge mainstream narratives about religious dress as oppressive and externally mandated, and instead calls for an understanding of modest dress practices as mutable aspects of lived, and gendered, religious identities.
Power Enhancement of the U-shape Cavity Microring Resonator Through Gap and Material Characterizations

A U-shape cavity including the microring resonator with a radius of 3 µm has been modeled and studied for the throughput and drop output power enhancement of the microring resonator. We have obtained the maximum output power of the silicon microring resonator by varying the bandgap between the microring and the coupled bus waveguides. The outputs can be further affected by using the different semiconductor materials such as GaAs and InAs as core waveguides, which show significant power enhancement at the throughput and drop, respectively. A time delay of 347 fs is realized for the generated results, which is occurred due to the different light propagation patch.
Abstract analogies and abstracted grammars: Comments on Reber (1989) and Mathews et al. (1989).

Reber (1969, 1989a) and Mathews et al. (1989), in experiments on learning artificial grammars, reported good transfer to letter strings consisting of letters not used in the training stimuli, provided that the same grammar generated both training and transfer strings. They concluded from this that the transfer predominantly relies on abstract knowledge. An experiment is reported that shows much of the transfer to changed letter-set strings is due to abstract similarity between test strings and specific training stimuli (i.e., a string such as MXVVVM could be seen as similar to BDCCCB without implying that regularities common to a large number of training items had been abstracted)
Performances of Silicon-Based Field-Emission Cathodes Coated with UltraNano Crystalline Diamond

Field-emission electron sources have been considered as possible candidates for the production of bright or highcurrent electron bunches. In this paper, we report on the experimental characterization of silicon-based field-emitter arrays (FEA) in a DC high voltage gap. The silicon cathodes are produced via a simple self-assembling process. The measurement reported in this paper especially compares the field-emission properties of a nanostructured and planar diamond-coated Si-based cathode.
An investigation into the use of ultrasound in the synthesis of fine chemicals

The application of ultrasound to the oxidative dimerisation of pivalic acid to tetramethyladipic acid (TMAA; 2,2,4,4-tetramethylhexa-l,6dioic acid) using Fenton's reagent is described. Various parameters of the reaction were investigated (gas, equivalents of reagents, temperature, and sonication) and their effect on the yield of T M A A is discussed. Separation of the reaction mixture into T M A A (dimer) and the trimers and tetramers was achieved. The reaction conditions were optimised using experimental design, and statistical analysis illustrates the significant factors that affect the yield. Optimal reaction conditions for the production of T M A A were found to be 0.17 equivalents of Fenton's reagent, high dilution no ultrasound, under nitrogen. Alternative sources of hydroxyl radicals in organic solvents were also investigated The production of 3-bromothiophene (3BT) from the rearrangement of 2 ,5 -dibromothiophene and reduction of 2,3,5-tribromothiophene was investigated. Ultrasound, reaction time and temperature all have an effect on the yield and selectivity in the synthesis of 3BT. Ultrasound was found to have a modest effect on the yield of 2methoxythiophene from 2-bromthiophene using sodium methoxide with several catalyst systems (Cu, CuO, CuO/KI, CuO/KI/Copper acetyl acetonate). 2-Bromothiophene was used as a substrate in attempted Wurtz-type coupling reaction conditions. These reactions produced complex mixtures of bromothiophenes via halogen rearrangements. The silylation of bromothiophenes was successfully achieved using several bromothiophene substrates under quiet and sonicated conditions with various reaction times and equivalents of reagents. A calorimetry study on the acoustic output of the ultrasonic probe provided data at different temperatures, depths, solvents, and power settings. The resultant data was in strong agreement with previously published work.