Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of a 16-Week School-Based Exercise Program on Anxiety in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Physical activity interventions have been shown to decrease anxiety in children with ASD. There is little known regarding the effects of an exercise program on anxiety in both home and school settings and the optimal dosage to reduce anxiety. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of a 16-week exercise program on the anxiety levels of children with moderate to severe symptoms of ASD in home and school settings, and to compare the effects at 8 and 16 weeks. This study was a within-subject, non-controlled design, intervention study. Twenty-four children (5–18 years) with moderate to severe ASD were included. A school-based exercise program was implemented three days a week for 16 weeks. Parents and teachers completed the Anxiety Scale for Children for ASD (ASC-ASD) at baseline, week 8, and week 16. A one-way repeated-measure ANOVA with post hoc analysis using Bonferroni adjustment was used to test for a significant effect for time (p < 0.05), with Cohen’s d used to calculate the effect size. For teacher-reported anxiety, there were significant decreases from baseline to week 16 for total ASC-ASD (p < 0.001), performance anxiety (p < 0.001), anxious arousal (p < 0.001), and uncertainty (p < 0.001). There was no significant decrease in parent-reported anxiety. The findings demonstrate that a 16-week exercise program can reduce anxiety in children with ASD in school settings. Results demonstrate that 16 weeks, as opposed to 8, may be necessary to have a significant effect on in-school anxiety.
Overgeneration from Solar Energy in California - A Field Guide to the Duck Chart

In 2013, the California Independent System Operator published the "duck chart,"" which shows a significant drop in mid-day net load on a spring day as solar photovoltaics (PV) are added to the system. The chart raises concerns that the conventional power system will be unable to accommodate the ramp rate and range needed to fully utilize solar energy, particularly on days characterized by the duck shape. This could result in "overgeneration"" and curtailed renewable energy, increasing its costs and reducing its environmental benefits. This paper explores the duck chart in detail, examining how much PV might need to be curtailed if additional grid flexibility measures are not taken, and how curtailment rates can be decreased by changing grid operational practices. It finds that under business-as-usual types of assumptions and corresponding levels of grid flexibility in California, solar penetrations as low as 20 percent of annual energy could lead to marginal curtailment rates that exceed 30 percent. However, by allowing (or requiring) distributed PV and storage (including new installations that are part of the California storage mandate) to provide grid services, system flexibility could be greatly enhanced. Doing so could significantly reduce curtailment and allow much greater penetration of variable generationmore » resources in achieving a 50 percent renewable portfolio standard. Overall, the work described in this paper points to the need to fully integrate distributed resources into grid system planning and operations to allow maximum use of the solar resource. « less
Thermal Shutdown Circuit with Low Voltage and Low Power Consumption for Power Management IC

A thermal shutdown circuit with low voltage and low power consumption was designed for power management ICs(integrated circuits). In the thermal shutdown circuit,the PN junction of a transistor was used as a temperature probe,where the switch-on voltage rises,and the variation of the switch-on voltage falls,with an increase in temperature.Reswitch-on temperature was depressed by a feedback mechanism to avoid temperature oscillation.Simulation with the parameters for a 0.6 μm BiCMOS IC was conducted.The results show that the circuit has ultra-low power consumption(the static current is about 0.5 μA);the errors of shutdown temperature are less than 1.00 ℃ when the shutdown temperature is set at 150 ℃ and the voltage of power source is 2.5 to 5.0 V;and the errors of reswitch-on temperature are less than 0.01 ℃ when the reswitch-on temperature is set at 135 ℃.
Red Harvester Ant (Pogonomyrmex barbatus F. Smith; Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Preference for Cover Crop Seeds in South Texas

Harvester ants often selectively forage seeds, causing these ants to be viewed as pests in agricultural areas where they may forage on crop seeds. While little research has been done on harvester ant preferences for cover crop seeds, grower observations in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) suggest that ants may remove these seeds before germination. We examined red harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex barbatus F. Smith) preferences for cover crop seeds (fescue, oat, sunn hemp, radish, vetch, and wheatgrass) and the effects of a commonly used bacterial seed inoculant. We evaluated relative preferences using seed depots presented to colonies with no prior exposure to the selected seeds or inoculants. After 24 h, ants had removed oat and radish seeds at the same rate as the preferred wheatgrass control. Fescue, sunn hemp, and vetch seeds were less preferred. The bacterial inoculation of wheatgrass and radish seeds did not alter the removal rates. Further, ant removal of seeds in both trials was dependent on the month and temperature, indicating potential interactions of colony activity levels, availability of seeds in the seed bank, and the intensity of cover crop seed removal. Together, these data indicate that harvester ant foraging preferences and seasonal activity should be considered to help mitigate potential ant predation of cover crops via planting less preferred seeds and at times of lower ant foraging intensity.
Produtos

While the global crisis in food production is stressed, there was a decrease in income of farmers according to the conditions imposed by globalization (subsidies, competition, rising production costs, lack of public policies and so on). Against this backdrop, public policies are implemented for rural development, focusing on the familiar farming. Part of the federal budget has been earmarked to support family farmers through federal programs that seek partnerships with state and local governments, social movements and financial agents in order to promote socio-economic development, from the elaboration of public policies so that the efforts of the farmers are enabled. Due to the relevance of programs driven to the access to the market of the familiar Farming, this study intended to look for to investigate the real possibilities from the implantation and enlargement of the existent public policies in federal sphere. Starting from the theoretical fundamentation sustained by authors that discuss the theme, legislation, statistical data, internet papers, complemented by twenty depositions of people linked to the familiar farming both official as private extent, the satudy intended to draw a panorama of the condition of the familiar farming before the new millennium challenges. Among conclusions, it was observed to be necessary to strengthen, promote and popularize policies regarding the marketing/purchasing products of the familiar farming across all channels and agents involved in the implementation of these policies.
Entrepreneurial view: Fostering entrepreneurship and innovation in universities by a web‐based course

Innovation and entrepreneurship are factors that can empower and boost a country. One approach to managing these factors is innovation ecosystems, which only work with innovative approaches such as Lean Startup and Design Thinking. Fostering an entrepreneurial university is essential for solving society's problems by developing innovative and sustainable solutions. In this context, this study aims to present a pilot event called “Entrepreneurial View” for the dissemination of entrepreneurship and innovation in Brazilian universities through a web‐based course. To this end, this empirical study employs structured interviews with 22 participants on the second day using Cronbach's α to assess consistency, in addition to descriptive statistics and content analysis. The main results are the development of two products, two services, and two applications aimed at solving problems for society and other stakeholders. The main contribution of this study is the use of methodologies for the development of innovative offers is highlighted and promotes entrepreneurial thinking at different levels of training through a web‐based course.
Physiology as a tool for at‐risk animal recovery planning: An analysis of Canadian recovery strategies with global recommendations

Many government organizations use recovery planning to synthesize threats, propose management strategies, and determine recovery criteria for threatened wildlife. Little is known about the extent to which physiological knowledge has been used in recovery planning, despite its potential to offer key biological information that could aid in recovery success. Using recovery strategies for at‐risk animal species in Canada as a case study, we analyzed the prevalence, purpose, and type of physiological knowledge being used in recovery planning. We found that 73% of strategies contained mention of physiology and that incorporation of physiology has increased since 2006. Of the various types of physiological tools available, reference to stress, immune, thermal, and bioenergetic metrics appeared most frequently. Physiological information was more likely to be found in the background and threat assessment sections compared to action and future research sections, and less likely to be included in strategies for arthropods and birds compared to other taxonomic groups. By synthesizing our results with previous studies, we provide recommendations to encourage the application of physiological tools in recovery planning worldwide, such as increased incorporation of physiology in ongoing threat monitoring, critical habitat assessments, monitoring the success of recovery actions, and modeling responses to future environmental changes.
Research on Digital Information Privacy Behavior of Social Network Users Based on Evolutionary Game

This article takes social network services as the research object and mainly conducts two aspects of research: first, based on previous research, combining the behavior characteristics of users in the social network environment related to digital information privacy, the digital information privacy of users pays attention to the influential factors of users’ digital information privacy information disclosure behavior, summarize and refine them, establish theoretical research models, and then use structural equation modelling to empirically analyze the significance of each influence path; then, based on the first part of the empirical research, the evolutionary game theory was used to analyze the interests of digital information privacy between social network users and service providers. This paper also studies the evolution of the willingness of each parameter to provide digital information to users under variable expected return conditions and uses MATLAB to analyze its evolutionary trends. It is found that the regulatory intensity coefficient, information leakage loss, and information sensitivity are both for users and websites. It has an important impact, and the loss of information leakage and information sensitivity can affect the evolution direction of users’ willingness to provide digital information and change the speed of website evolution, and the regulatory intensity coefficient is the opposite.
Behavioral Model for Live Detection of Apps Based Attack

Smartphones with the platforms of applications are gaining extensive attention and popularity. The enormous use of different applications has paved the way for numerous security threats. The threats are in the form of attacks such as permission control attacks, phishing attacks, spyware attacks, botnets, malware attacks, and privacy leakage attacks. Moreover, other vulnerabilities include invalid authorization of apps, compromise on the confidentiality of data, and invalid access control. In this article, an application-based attack modeling and attack detection are proposed as a novel attack vulnerability is identified based on the app execution on the smartphone. The attack modeling involves an end-user vulnerable application to initiate an attack. The vulnerable application is installed at the background end on the smartphone with hidden visibility from the end-user, thereby accessing the confidential information. The detection model involves the proposed technique of an application-based behavioral model analysis (ABMA) scheme to address the attack model. The model incorporates application-based comparative parameter analysis to perform the process of intrusion detection. The ABMA is estimated by using the parameters of power, battery level, and data usage. Based on the source Internet accessibility, the analysis is performed using three different configurations, Wi-Fi, mobile data, and a combination of the two. The simulation results verify and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Underwater Communication Systems: A Review

There is a high demand for underwater communication systems due to the increase in current human underwater activities. Underwater communication systems employ either sonar or electromagnetic waves as a means of transferring signals. These waves are difierent physically and electrically, and thus the systems that employ them also difier in their design architecture, wave propagation and devices used for emission and reception. As a result, the two systems have varying advantages and limitations. This paper presents an in-depth review of underwater communication based on sonar and electromagnetic waves, a comparison of the two systems and a discussion of the environmental impacts of using these waves for underwater communication. In the tradeofi between preserving the underwater environment and the need for underwater communication, it appears that underwater electromagnetic wave communication has the most potential to be the environmentally-friendly system of the future.
A longitudinal investigation of the effects of language instruction versus immersion on cognitive functions in young adult Chinese speakers learning English

Abstract The current study examined cognitive effects of two pathways of second language (L2) acquisition longitudinally in Chinese speakers learning English in an L2-dominant environment. Thirty-nine participants who attended an intensive 10-week English course (L2-instruction group) were compared to 38 participants who attended regular university courses taught in English (L2-immersion group). Four repeated assessments were conducted over 10 weeks: precourse (baseline) and postcourse assessments, and two interim assessments every 3 weeks. Both groups matched on background variables (e.g., intelligence) and showed comparable cognitive performance in all measures at the baseline. The longitudinal results showed a similar improvement in both groups for most cognitive measures, such as visual and auditory inhibition. The only significant group difference was observed in the auditory inhibition test, where the L2-instruction group outperformed the L2-immersion group. Taken together, our results suggest a specific effect of language experience and an overall effect of linguistic context on cognitive functions.
The Spatial Ecology of Black-Backed Jackals (Canis mesomelas) in a Protected Mountainous Grassland Area

An animal's ability to traverse a landscape and utilise available resources is vital for its survival. The movement patterns of an animal provide insight into space use, activity patterns and ecological requirements that are imperative for successful farming and wildlife management practices. Home ranges are often used as a measurement of space use, which provides a quantitative value of an animal's movement patterns in relation to various biological factors. A factor that is often overlooked in the analysis of movement patterns is the effect of moon phase, despite its known impact on the activity and hunting success of nocturnal predators. We live-trapped, radio-collared and monitored five black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) in the Golden Gate Highlands National Park, South Africa, between 2018 and 2019 to determine the impact of various environmental factors on movement patterns. Annual home ranges varied between individuals, were larger in subadults and overlapped between three jackals. Space use and travel velocity suggested a crepuscular activity pattern with a reliance on nocturnal activity and limited diurnal activity. Individual space use suggested variation between moon phases, although overall variation was negligible. Jackals travelled farther during new moon, compared with full moon, with the most notable difference between 23:00 and 04:00. Our results suggest that jackal behaviour does not align with the predation risk hypothesis. Space use and travel velocities varied between seasons, possibly because of differences in activity during mating and pupping periods. Our study confirms the flexibility in jackal space use and suggests a possible relationship with moon phase. To properly understand movement patterns at an individual and population level, we encourage additional research about jackals and various environmental factors via multidisciplinary collaborations.
GMFCS Level-Specific Differences in Kinematics and Joint Moments of the Involved Side in Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

A variety of gait pathologies is seen in cerebral palsy. Movement patterns between different levels of functional impairment may differ. The objective of this work was the evaluation of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level-specific movement disorders. A total of 89 individuals with unilateral cerebral palsy and no history of prior treatment were included and classified according to their functional impairment. GMFCS level-specific differences, kinematics and joint moments, exclusively of the involved side, were analyzed for all planes for all lower limb joints, including pelvic and trunk movements. GMFCS level I and level II individuals most relevantly showed equinus/reduced dorsiflexion moments, knee flexion/reduced knee extension moments, reduced hip extension moments with pronounced flexion, internal hip rotation and reduced hip abduction. Anterior pelvic tilt, obliquity and retraction were found. Individuals with GMFCS level II were characterized by an additional pronounced reduction in all extensor moments, pronounced rotational malalignment and reduced hip abduction. The most striking characteristics of GMFCS level II were excessive anterior pelvic/trunk tilt and excessive trunk obliquity. Pronounced reduction in extensor moments and excessive trunk lean are distinguishing features of GMFCS level II. These patients would benefit particularly from surgical treatment restoring pelvic symmetry and improving hip abductor leverage. Future studies exploring GMFCS level-specific compensation of the sound limb and GMFCS level-specific malalignment are of interest.
Evaluating the walking accessibility of Cook County’s public schools to use as open space

ABSTRACT This paper evaluates hypothesized dual uses of the public schools to increase walking accessibility to open spaces as a part of the permanent urban interventions. The Two-step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) method was adopted to measure the 20 min walking accessibility of the public schools in Cook County, the home of the Chicago Metropolitan. We further used the bivariate local Moran I to examine the potential inequality issues in the spatial distribution of the school sites within walking distance. The result reveals geographically varying walking access to public schools. The lowest walking access is predominant across Cook County, including historically racially discriminated areas. This study sets an example of managing the underuse of urban facilities to benefit the neighboring communities. In addition, it provides a snapshot of the relationship between urban planning and geography. Planning should overlap with geography when it examines the spaces of everyday life, spatial relationships among its different dimensions, and the processes that create them.
Particle-in-cell simulations of ion dynamics in a pinched-beam diode

Particle-in-cell simulations of a 1.6 MV, 800 kA, and 50 ns pinched-beam diode have been completed with emphasis placed on the quality of the ion beams produced. Simulations show the formation of multiple regions in the electron beam flow characterized by locally high charge and current density (“hot spots”). As ions flow through the electron-space-charge cloud, these hot spots electrostatically attract ions to produce a non-uniform ion current distribution. The length of the cavity extending beyond the anode-to-cathode gap (i.e., behind the cathode tip) influences both the number and amplitude of hot spots. A longer cavity length increases the number of hot spots yet significantly reduces the amplitude producing a smoother, more uniform ion beam than for shorter cavities. The net current and the ion bending angles are also significantly smaller with long cavities.
Development and validation of an in-house handheld ELISA kit to detect glycosylated hemoglobin in human whole blood

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known as one the oldest disease known to a human being and it is defined as a group of metabolic disorders characterized by the presence of hyperglycemia. Aims and Objectives: The present study describes the development and evaluation of a cost-effective and straightforward in-house handheld enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for the determination of HbA1c in human whole blood of diabetic patients and is suitable for resource-poor settings. Materials and Methods: A total of 1056 specimens were collected for assay validation purposes. To check the proficiency of our diagnostic strategy, we compared our test results with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a commercially available ELISA kit for HbA1c. The Institutional Ethical Committee approved this study (IEC). SPSS 16 statistical software analyzed all the data. The correlation regression was done to compare the assay. The level of significance of this study was P<0.001. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of the inhouse HbA1c ELISA kit range from 98.8%, 100%, and 99.24%. Conclusion: The newly developed in-house handheld HbA1c ELISA test kit is not only cost-effective, accurate, and straightforward but also gives good correlation with optimized methods such as HPLC and commercially available techniques in deciding the glycemic status of patients. Therefore, highly recommended for use in resource-poor settings in the management and diagnosis of DM.