Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differentiating induced and natural seismicity using space‐time‐magnitude statistics applied to the Coso Geothermal field

A remarkable characteristic of earthquakes is their clustering in time and space, displaying their self‐similarity. It remains to be tested if natural and induced earthquakes share the same behavior. We study natural and induced earthquakes comparatively in the same tectonic setting at the Coso Geothermal Field. Covering the preproduction and coproduction periods from 1981 to 2013, we analyze interevent times, spatial dimension, and frequency‐size distributions for natural and induced earthquakes. Individually, these distributions are statistically indistinguishable. Determining the distribution of nearest neighbor distances in a combined space‐time‐magnitude metric, lets us identify clear differences between both kinds of seismicity. Compared to natural earthquakes, induced earthquakes feature a larger population of background seismicity and nearest neighbors at large magnitude rescaled times and small magnitude rescaled distances. Local stress perturbations induced by field operations appear to be strong enough to drive local faults through several seismic cycles and reactivate them after time periods on the order of a year.
A Numerical and Experimental Comparison of Human Head Phantoms for Compliance Testing of MobileTelephone Equipment

A new human head phantom has been proposed by CENELEC/IEEE, based on a large scale anthropometric survey. This phantom is compared to a homogeneousGenericHead Phantomand three high resolution anatomical head models with respect to specific absorption rate (SAR) assessment. The head phantoms are exposed to the radiation of a generic mobile phone (GMP) with different antenna types and a commercial mobile phone. The phones are placed in the standardized testing positions and operate at 900 and 1800 MHz. The average peak SAR is evaluated using both experimental (DASY3near field scanner) and numerical (FDTD simulations) techniques. The numerical and experimental results compare well and confirm that the applied SAR assessment methods constitute a conservative approach. Bioelectromagnetics 26:125–137, 2005. 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Improving efficiency assessments using additive data envelopment analysis models: an application to contrasting dairy farming systems

Applying holistic indicators to assess dairy farm efficiency is essential for sustainable milk production. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been instrumental for the calculation of such indicators. However, ‘additive’ DEA models have been rarely used in dairy research. This study presented an additive model known as slacks-based measure (SBM) of efficiency and its advantages over DEA models used in most past dairy studies. First, SBM incorporates undesirable outputs as actual outputs of the production process. Second, it identifies the main production factors causing inefficiency. Third, these factors can be ‘priced’ to estimate the cost of inefficiency. The value of SBM for efficiency analyses was demonstrated with a comparison of four contrasting dairy management systems in terms of technical and environmental efficiency. These systems were part of a multiple-year breeding and feeding systems experiment (two genetic lines: select vs. control; and two feeding strategies: high forage vs. low forage, where the latter involved a higher proportion of concentrated feeds) where detailed data were collected to strict protocols. The select genetic herd was more technically and environmentally efficient than the control herd, regardless of feeding strategy. However, the efficiency performance of the select herd was more volatile from year to year than that of the control herd. Overall, technical and environmental efficiency were strongly and positively correlated, suggesting that when technically efficient, the four systems were also efficient in terms of undesirable output reduction. Detailed data such as those used in this study are increasingly becoming available for commercial herds through precision farming. Therefore, the methods presented in this study are growing in importance.
Ultrahigh plastic flow in Au nanotubes enabled by surface stress facilitated reconstruction

Metal nanowires are usually strong but are not able to maintain a high plastic flow due to a lack of strain hardening. In this study, we investigated the tensile deformation of a new category of metal nanowires with hollow interiors by atomistic simulations – the so-called metal nanotubes – and revealed that they possess a combination of ultrahigh strength and plastic flow. In particular, it was found that by controlling the wall thickness and axial orientation, ultrahigh plastic flow stress of more than 2 GPa could be maintained at up to 60% tensile strain in Au nanotubes, whereas the solid Au nanowires of similar size yielded at tensile strain of less than 5%, after which the stress dropped immediately below 1 GPa. Furthermore, a universal trend of surface reconstruction to the energetically favorable close-packed {111} orientation was found in Au nanotubes regardless of the initial orientation, which may be responsible for the unique plasticity in Au nanotubes with extremely thin walls. 2014 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Response sensitivity analysis of the dynamic milling process based on the numerical integration method

As one of the bases of gradient-based optimization algorithms, sensitivity analysis is usually required to calculate the derivatives of the system response with respect to the machining parameters. The most widely used approaches for sensitivity analysis are based on time-consuming numerical methods, such as finite difference methods. This paper presents a semi-analytical method for calculation of the sensitivity of the stability boundary in milling. After transforming the delay-differential equation with time-periodic coefficients governing the dynamic milling process into the integral form, the Floquet transition matrix is constructed by using the numerical integration method. Then, the analytical expressions of derivatives of the Floquet transition matrix with respect to the machining parameters are obtained. Thereafter, the classical analytical expression of the sensitivity of matrix eigenvalues is employed to calculate the sensitivity of the stability lobe diagram. The two-degree-of-freedom milling example illustrates the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. Compared with the existing methods, the unique merit of the proposed method is that it can be used for analytically computing the sensitivity of the stability boundary in milling, without employing any finite difference methods. Therefore, the high accuracy and high efficiency are both achieved. The proposed method can serve as an effective tool for machining parameter optimization and uncertainty analysis in high-speed milling.
Linguistic ideologies in multilingual South African suburban schools

Existing research on language in South African schooling frequently draws attention to the problematic hegemony of English and the lack of access to quality education in the home language of the majority of learners, often drawing on the metaphor of a gap or a disjuncture between post-apartheid language in education policy (LiEP) and its implementation. We argue that the notion of a ‘gap’ obscures the significant continuities between apartheid and post-apartheid LiEPs, as well as conceptions of what language is and what counts as linguistic competence and capital. Language ideologies and the discursive operation of power serve as an analytical framework to make sense of the continuities between apartheid and present language policies and classroom practices. We argue that without an understanding of the language ideologies informing both policy and practices, we will not be able to shift practices in South African classrooms so that learners' full multilingual repertoires can be legitimately used as resources for learning. The paper presents data focusing on the intersections of language ideologies, discourses and practices in two suburban schools, one primary and one secondary, in the urban metropolis of Johannesburg, South Africa, where black learners have replaced white learners, i.e. in de(re)segregated schools.
USING THE 1.6 μm BUMP TO STUDY REST-FRAME NEAR-INFRARED-SELECTED GALAXIES AT REDSHIFT 2

We explore the feasibility and limitations of using the 1.6 μm bump as a photometric redshift indicator and selection technique, and use it to study the rest-frame H-band galaxy luminosity and stellar mass functions (SMFs) at redshift z ∼ 2. We use publicly available Spitzer/IRAC images in the GOODS fields and find that color selection in the IRAC bandpasses alone is comparable in completeness and contamination to BzK selection. We find that the shape of the 1.6 μm bump is robust, and photometric redshifts are not greatly affected by choice of model parameters. Comparison with spectroscopic redshifts shows photometric redshifts to be reliable. We create a rest-frame NIR-selected catalog of galaxies at z ∼ 2 and construct a galaxy SMF. Comparisons with other SMFs at approximately the same redshift but determined using shorter wavelengths show good agreement. This agreement suggests that selection at bluer wavelengths does not miss a significant amount of stellar mass in passive galaxies. Comparison with SMFs at other redshifts shows evidence for the downsizing scenario of galaxy evolution. We conclude by pointing out the potential for using the 1.6 μm bump technique to select high-redshift galaxies with the JWST, whose λ>0.6 μm coverage will not be well suited to selecting galaxies using techniques that require imaging at shorter wavelengths.
A credit contagion model for the dynamics of the rating transitions in a SME bank loan portfolio

In this work we analyze the effects of credit contagion on the credit quality of a portfolio of bank loans issued to SMEs. To this aim we start from the discrete time model proposed in Barro and Basso (2005), that considers the counterparty risk generated by the business relations in a network of firms, and we modify it by introducing different rating classes in order to manage the case of firms with different credit qualities. The transitions from a rating class to another occurs when a proxy for the asset value of the firm crosses some rating specific thresholds. We assume that the initial rating transition matrix of the system is known, and compute the thresholds using the probability distribution of the steady state of the model. A wide Monte Carlo simulation analysis is carried out in order to study the dynamic behaviour of the model, and in particular to analyze how the default contagion present in the model affects the output rating transition matrix of the portfolio.
Translocation and Recovery Efforts for the Telkwa Caribou, Rangifer tarandus caribou , Herd in Westcentral British Columbia, 1997-2005

During 1997–1999, 32 Woodland Caribou ( Rangifer tarandus caribou ) were translocated from the Sustut Herd to the Telkwa Mountains in westcentral British Columbia to augment recovery of the Telkwa Caribou Herd. The animals were fitted with radiocollars and located during 1997–2000 to determine selection of habitat features and terrain variables. Six Caribou calves were also collared to determine causes and timing of calf mortality during summer 1999. Defining available habitat for newly translocated animals is often arbitrary and subjective, and we based the analyses on ranks for habitat use and availability as this is less sensitive to the inclusion or exclusion of a questionable resource. This method represents some loss of information but provides indications of the relative importance of various habitat types without classifying any as avoided. High elevation habitat (> 1700 masl) on moderate slopes (16 – 45°) received the highest ranks, as did “warm” (136 – 315°) aspects and forests > 250 years old. Three calves died shortly after birth. One calf appeared to have been killed by predation, likely by a Golden Eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos ), and one calf was abandoned by the cow. Cause of death for the third calf is unknown. To assess habitat use associated with calving we compared summer locations with data obtained throughout the rest of 1999 for eight cows with calves and eight without calves. We found significant difference in use of elevation during calving time, when cows with calves remained at high elevations and barren cows generally descended to lower elevation habitat. Surveys conducted in 2005, five years after the completion of the initial study, produced a count of approximately 90 Caribou. This suggests that in the short term, the translocation was successful in re-establishing a self-sustaining Caribou population in the Telkwa Mountains.
Aspect-Oriented Programming with C # and

Almost a year ago, Microsoft has introduced the . NET architecture as a new component-based programming environment, which allows for easy integration of classical distributed programming techniques with Web computing. NET defines a type system and introduces notions such as component, object, and interface, which are building blocks for distributed multi-language component-based applications. As many other component frameworks, . NET mainly focuses on functional interfaces of components. Nonfunctional aspects of components, such as resource usage (CPU, memory), timing behavior, fault-tolerance, or security requirements are currently not expressed in . NET’s component interfaces. These properties are essential for building reliable distributed applications with predictable behavior even in cases of faults. Within this paper, we discuss the usage of aspectoriented programming techniques in context of the . NET framework. We focus on the fault-tolerance aspect and discuss the expression of non-functional component properties (aspects) as C# custom attributes. Our approach uses reflection to generate replicated objects based on settings of a special “fault-tolerance” attribute for C# components. We have implemented an aspect-weaver for integration of aspect-code and componencode, which uses the mechanisms of the language-neutral . NET type system. Therefore, our approach is not restricted to the C# language but works for any of the . NET programming languages.Introduction and Motivation
White shifts under climate warming Competitive and demographic leverage points of community Supplementary data tml

Supplementary data tml http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/suppl/2013/05/06/rspb.2013. 0572.DC1. h "Data Supplement" References http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/280/1762/20130572.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 41 articles, 11 of which can be accessed free Subject collections (55 articles) theoretical biology  (1326 articles) ecology  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections
Genetic Variability Studies in Minicore Collections of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Different Environments

The present investigation was carried out on chickpea germplasm lines representing minicore collection obtained from ICRISAT, Patancheru (AP) for assessing genetic variability under three environments. Considerably high variability was observed for most of the productivity related traits in E3 (irrigated 2005–06). This was evidenced by high range of mean performance for different traits in E3 compared to E1 (rainfed 2004–05) and E2 (rainfed 2005–06). Moderately high heritability and genetic advance (GA) was observed for many productivity related traits under E3. The higher PCV, although, heritability was reduced or remained same as that under E2. These findings revealed the importance of productivity related traits giving more response under E3 than E1 and E2 for better expression for crop improvement in chickpea. Over three environments, genotype ICC 6279 was found to be early flowering irrespective of the environmental effect while ICC 1882 was found to be early flowering in E1 and E2 whereas ICC 13124 and ICC 6279 were early in flowering in both E2 and E3 compared to early flowering check JGK-1. For seed yield/plant, 24, 22 and 17 genotypes showed significantly higher yield over check A-1 in E1, E2 and E3, respectively. Out of these, ICC 13124 (31.25 g, 32.85 g and 32.95 g) is the only top yielder in all the three environments. While genotypes ICC 6279 (28.9 and 27.85 g), ICC 13892 (30.05 g and 27.65 g) and ICC 13187 (27.45 g and 36.55 g) were top yielders in both E1 and E2 and ICC 12866 (27.65 and 40.15 g) and ICC 4533 (29.38 and 38.8) were identified as top yielders in E2 and E3, while ICC 12947 (27.9 g and 40.9 g) and ICC 6877 (18 g and 35.33 g) were top yielders in E1 and E3, respectively. On overall basis, the genotype ICC 13124 was found promising for earliness, large seed size and high yield/plant in all the environments suggesting that this accession is best suited for both rainfed and irrigated condition during the rabi season.
Synthesis, structural and spectroscopic characterization of thallium(I) acesulfamate

SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURAL AND SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THALLIUM(I) ACESULFAMATE The new acesulfamate salt, TlC 4 H 4 NO 4 S, was prepared by reaction of acesulfamic acid and thallium(I) carbonate in aqueous solution. Its crystal and molecular structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The substance crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2 1 /a , with unit cell parameters a = 7.5844(4) A, b = 9.7268(5) A, c = 10.8105(5) A, β = 105.174(6)°, and Z =4 molecules per unit cell, and is isostructural with the corresponding sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium salts. The FTIR and Raman spectra of the compound are also recorded and briefly discussed.
Compressed Sensing in the Presence of Side Information

Reconstruction of continuous signals from a number of their discrete samples is central to digital signal processing. Digital devices can only process discrete data and thus processing the continuous signals requires discretization. After discretization, possibility of unique reconstruction of the source signals from their samples is crucial. The classical sampling theory provides bounds on the sampling rate for unique source reconstruction, known as the Nyquist sampling rate. Recently a new sampling scheme, Compressive Sensing (CS), has been formulated for sparse signals. CS is an active area of research in signal processing. It has revolutionized the classical sampling theorems and has provided a new scheme to sample and reconstruct sparse signals uniquely, below Nyquist sampling rates. A signal is called (approximately) sparse when a relatively large number of its elements are (approximately) equal to zero. For the class of sparse signals, sparsity can be viewed as prior information about the source signal. CS has found numerous applications and has improved some image acquisition devices. Interesting instances of CS can happen, when apart from sparsity, side information is available about the source signals. The side information can be about the source structure, distribution, etc. Such cases can be viewed as extensions of the classical CS. In such cases we are interested in incorporating the side information to either improve the quality of the source reconstruction or decrease the number of the required samples for accurate reconstruction. A general CS problem can be transformed to an equivalent optimization problem. In this thesis, a special case of CS with side information about the feasible region of the equivalent optimization problem is studied. It is shown that in such cases uniqueness and stability of the equivalent optimization problem still holds. Then, an efficient reconstruction method is proposed. To demonstrate the practical value of the proposed scheme, the algorithm is applied on two real world applications: image deblurring in optical imaging and surface reconstruction in the gradient field. Experimental results are provided to further investigate and confirm the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed scheme.
Software Defined Radio MIMO Telemetry Transmitter

This paper describes the development of a small, low-cost, and flexible telemetry transmitter that can be used for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. In the intended application, the transmitter will collect data from sensors on small quad copters or drones, regarding the vehicle’s attitude, location, movement, and other flight data. This will be combined into a single data stream, and base-band modulation applied by a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The FPGA output will control a separate RF modulation board, which will generate a pair of RF signals suitable for use in a 2x2 MIMO system. The original application uses the 902928MHz ISM band. The modulation format can be altered by changing the software for the FPGA.
Enhanced PEMS Performance and Regulatory Compliance through Machine Learning

Modeling technologies can provide strong support to existing emission management systems, by means of what is known as a Predictive Emission Monitoring System (PEMS). These systems do not measure emissions through any hardware device, but use computer models to predict emission concentrations on the ground of process data (e.g., fuel flow, load) and ambient parameters (e.g., air temperature, relative humidity). They actually represent a relevant application arena for the so-called Inferential Sensor technology which has quickly proved to be invaluable in modern process automation and optimization strategies (Qin et al., 1997; Kadlec et al., 2009). While lots of applications demonstrate that software systems provide accuracy comparable to that of hardware-based Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS), virtual analyzers are able to offer additional features and capabilities which are often not properly considered by end-users. Depending on local regulations and constraints, PEMS can be exploited either as primary source of emission monitoring or as a back-up of hardware-based CEMS able to validate analyzers’ readings and extend their service factor. PEMS consistency (and therefore its acceptance from environmental authorities) is directly linked to the accuracy and reliability of each parameter used as input of the models. While environmental authorities are steadily opening to PEMS, it is easy to foresee that major recognition and acceptance will be driven by extending PEMS robustness in front of possible sensor failures. Providing reliable instrument fail-over procedures is the main objective of Sensor Validation (SV) strategies. In this work, the capabilities of a class of machine learning algorithms will be presented, showing the results based on tests performed actual field data gathered at a fluid catalytic cracking unit.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a pathogenrelated protein PR10 gene in pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium) flower response to insect herbivore

In this study we successfully constructed a full-length cDNA library from open flower of pyrethrum ( Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium ), the most well-known natural source of insecticide. By random sequencing, a gene coding pathogen-related (PR) protein PR10 was identified and characterized. It was designated as CcPR10, encoding a protein of 157 amino acids. The calculated molecular weight of the CcPR10 protein was 17.2 kDa and the theoretical isoelectric point was 5.98. Sequence analysis showed that the CcPR10 protein was highly homologous with other PR10 proteins. The expression of CcPR10 gene was examined in various tissues of mature plant by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the result show that the expression of CcPR10 was observed in flowers and roots. The expression of CcPR10 gene was induced by wounding and jasmonic acid treatments. Moreover, CcPR10 transcript was induced by armyworm ( Spodoptera litura ) feeding, which suggests that CcPR10 may be involved in pyrethrum resistance to insect herbivore. Key words: Pathogen-related, protein PR10, Pyrethrum ( Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium ), cDNA library, gene cloning.