Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of apoptosis as a biomarker for earlier detection of impending sex inversion in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Gonad development in zebrafish is not well understood. Primordial germ cells, undifferentiated and bi-potential, differentiate into oogonia during early larval development. Thereafter, testicular ontogenesis is initiated through the development of immature oocytes. The primary signal of testicular differentiation remains a mystery. The aim of the research reported in this article was to identify biomarkers for the detection of impending sex inversion in zebrafish. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) technique was used to predict impending juvenile sex inversion. Results indicate the presence of TUNEL-positive cells in juvenile and adult ovaries. In juvenile ovaries, ‘growing’ areas revealed intense positive labelling, while in adult ovaries, positive signals were restricted to the nuclei of epithelial/thecal cells, post-pachytene and pre-vitellogenic oocytes. Further, the present research indicated that some forms of non-apoptotic DNA fragmentation were labelled by the TUNEL assay. The present results support the notion of the possible involvement of apoptosis in normal ovarian growth, but do not appear to be restricted to the period prior to and during juvenile testicular ontogenesis. Whether the TUNEL-positive labelling seen here was indicative of DNA fragmentation or not could not be determined with certainty. The TUNEL assay is, therefore, not a suitable and sensitive marker for predicting impending sex inversion in zebrafish. However, further comparative studies using other biochemical and immunohistochemical studies will be needed to confirm current research findings. Identifying instructive and trophic molecules and their stage specific roles in regulating normal development may help elucidate important principles controlling germ cell differentiation.
Effect of Fertilization on Tomato Bacterial Wilt Biocontrolling and Soil Health Restoration Using FAME Analysis

The effect of applying biological organic fertilizer(BOF)on bacterial wilt incidence of tomato and soil microbial community under continuous cropping was studied. The results showed that all the tomatoes were infected by bacterial wilt in the control. The infection rates of tomatoes in the treatments with un-composted BOF and decomposed BOF were 55 and 50% respectively. Fatty acid methyl esters(FAME)analysis indicated soil microbial community changed sensitively after applying BOF. Soil FAME total content, relative fungi content and ratio of fungi to bacteria were significantly increased in both BOF treatments. The soil odd-number fatty acid proportion changed after applying BOF, aC15 : 0, iC17 : 0 decreased, while cyC17 : 0 increased in soil odd-number fatty acid proportion. BOF application would strengthen soil health and disease suppression. The content of C16 : 1 11c in soil microbial community was obviously increased after decomposed BOF application. It indicated that the growth of AM fungi could be enhanced with decomposed BOF application. FAME microbial biomarkers could be used for an indicator of soil health and disease suppression. Odd-number fatty acid proportion was a sensitive indicator of the effect of applying un-composted and decomposed BOF respectively on soil health regulating.
Selecting a model to predict the onset of growth of Fagus sylvatica

To evaluate the impacts of climate change on the primary production of temperate deciduous tree species, the onset and cessation of the growth must be accurately described. The aim of this study is to find a model which predicts the onset of growth of Fagus sylvatica (European beech) accurately. Several models have been proposed for the prediction of the timing of budburst of woody plants. Most of these models have been evaluated for species other than Fagus sylvatica, and in some cases for flower buds. Six models were fitted to data on leaf unfolding of Fagus sylvatica, collected in the Netherlands over 57 years (1901 -68). All models require only temperature as input. For Fagus sylvatica, however, photoperiod may influence the timing of the onset of growth (.)
Anxiety and media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak in Kuwait

Background: Rising fear and panic among public during COVID19 pandemic increase concern regarding anxiety cases in Kuwait. Media capture our attention during this period looking for daily virus update lead to more fear . Our purpose of this study to examine the relationship between anxiety and media exposure among Kuwaiti during COVID19 outbreak Method: cross sectional study among Kuwaiti citizen between age23-55yrs old was conducted from April,21,2020 to May,15,2020 using online survey. Total of 1230 participants involve in the current study after exclusion criteria removed. Beside demographic data and media exposure anxiety was assessed using generalized anxiety disorder scale GAD-7. multivariable regression was used to identify the correlation between anxiety and media exposure Result: the result show that there is positive correlation between media exposure and anxiety during COVID19 outbreak in Kuwait (p<.001), furthermore it revealed that there is significant relationship between the frequency of exposure and anxiety(<.001) Conclusion: from this study we can understand that during COVID19 pandemic exposure to media can cause anxiety therefore measures should be taken by the governments to fight misinformation and physician should pay more attention to mental health disease during this period.
Can Public Libraries Be Leveraged to Expand Access to Telehealth? Exploration of a Strategy to Mitigate Rural Health Disparities

In the U.S., those who lack broadband internet have limited ability to connect to care providers over a telemedicine video visit (VV). During the coronavirus disease pandemic, VVs have become increasingly common, but are not equitably accessible, which may exacerbate existing health disparities. Widening health disparities are of particular concern in the rural U.S. where broadband is lacking. We term this inequity in healthcare access due to limited internet access the "digital health divide. " Because public libraries typically offer free use of broadband internet to patrons, they can help bridge the digital health divide and assist patrons with VVs. However, no guidelines currently exist for care providers and libraries to implement this needed, but potentially complex undertaking. Individual programs in which community members have used public libraries as a place from which to connect to a VV may offer insight into guidance needed. Thus, we conducted a scoping review to explore interventions reporting use of public libraries for community members to connect to a healthcare provider via telemedicine. One article was found describing the use of a public library for community members to connect to a telemedicine VV. The use of public libraries as spaces from which patrons can participate in VVs with providers is promising, but research is urgently needed to guide implementation.
Microfluidic monitoring of the growth of individual hyphae in confined environments

Soil fungi have the ability to form large mycelial networks. They rely on the resources available in the soil to produce biomass and are able to degrade complex biomolecules. Some of them can even degrade recalcitrant organic pollutants and are considered as promising candidates for soil bioremediation strategies. However, the success of this approach depends on the ability of fungi to colonize the soil matrix, where they encounter spatial and temporal variations of confinement, humidity and nutrient concentration. In this paper, we present a study of fungal growth at the scale of single hyphae in a microfluidic device, allowing fine control of nutrient and water supply. Time-lapse microscopy allowed simultaneous monitoring of the growth of dozens of hyphae of Talaromyces helicus, a soil isolate, and of the model fungus Neurospora crassa through parallel microchannels. The distributions of growth velocity obtained for each strain were compared with measurements obtained in macroscopic solid culture. For the two strains used in the study, confinement caused the growth velocity to drop in comparison with unconfined experiments. In addition, N. crassa was also limited in its growth by the nutrient supply, while the microfluidic culture conditions seemed better suited for T. helicus. Qualitative observations of fungi growing in microfluidic chambers without lateral confinement also revealed that side walls influence the branching behaviour of hyphae. This study is one of the first to consider the confinement degree within soil microporosities as a key factor of fungal growth, and to address its effect, along with physicochemical parameters, on soil colonization, notably for bioremediation purposes.
Remote digital measurement of visual and auditory markers of Major Depressive Disorder severity and treatment response.

Objectives: Multiple machine learning-based visual and auditory digital markers have demonstrated associations between Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) status and severity. The current study examines if such measurements can quantify response to antidepressant treatment (ADT) with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine uptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Methods: Visual and auditory markers were acquired through an automated smartphone task that measures facial, vocal, and head movement characteristics across the first five weeks of treatment (with timepoints at 1, 3, and 5 weeks) on ADT (n = 12). The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was collected concordantly through clinical interviews to confirm diagnosis and assess changes in MDD severity. Results: Patient responses to ADT demonstrated clinically and statistically significant changes in the MADRS F(2,34) = 51.62, p <. 0001. Additionally, patients demonstrated significant increases in multiple digital markers including facial expressivity, head movement, and amount of speech. Finally, patients demonstrated significant decreased frequency of fear and anger facial expressions. Conclusion: Digital markers associated with MDD demonstrate validity as measures of treatment response.
The use of yank-time signal as an alternative to identify kinematic events and define phases in human countermovement jumping

Detailed examinations of both the movement and muscle activation patterns used by animals and humans to complete complex tasks are difficult to obtain in many environments. Therefore, the ability to infer movement and muscle activation patterns after capture of a single set of easily obtained data is highly sought after. One possible solution to this problem is to capture force-time data through the use of appropriate transducers, then interrogate the signal's derivative, the yank-time signal, which amplifies, and thus highlights, temporal force-time changes. Because the countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) is a complex movement that has been well studied in humans, it provides an excellent preliminary model to test the validity of this solution. The aim of the present study was therefore to explore the use of yank-time signal, derived from vertical ground reaction force-time data, to identify and describe important kinematic (captured using three-dimensional motion analysis) and kinetic events in the CMJ, and to relate these to possible muscle activation (electromyography) events that underpin them. It was found that the yank-time signal could be used to accurately identify several key events during the CMJ that are likely to be missed or misidentified when only force-time data are inspected, including the first instances of joint flexion and centre of mass movement. Four different jump profiles (i.e. kinematic patterns) were inferred from the yank-time data, which were linked to different patterns of muscle activation. Therefore, yank-time signal interrogation provides a viable method of estimating kinematic patterns and muscle activation strategies in complex human movements.
Synthesis of Water-Soluble Vinyl Selenides and Their High Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx)-Like Antioxidant Activity

A convenient procedure for the synthesis of novel bis-(1-hydroxymethyl-2-halo-3-hydroxy-1-propylene) selenides has been developed. On oxidation these compounds form novel seleno-spiro compounds and their glutathione peroxidase mimetic activity has been studied. They promote the hydrogen peroxide oxidation of phenylmethanethiol to the corresponding disulfide via a catalytic cycle.
Tuning the circadian period of cyanobacteria up to 6.6 days by the single amino acid substitutions in KaiC

Significance Circadian clocks, biological oscillators with temperature-compensated periods close to 24 h, enhance fitness in Earth’s daily cycle. Although many circadian period mutants have helped to elucidate the circadian clock mechanism, the tuning mechanism of 24-h period remains unclear. In this study, we found that mutants at position 402 of cyanobacterial clock protein KaiC alter circadian periods dramatically, from 0.6 to 6.6 d. Despite the wide-range tunability, temperature compensation of period was kept nearly intact. As these astounding results can be observed in in vitro system, residue 402 is the important position for tuning mechanism of period. Furthermore, we found that the volume of residue 402 of KaiC is the key factor in determination of the length of circadian period. The circadian clock of cyanobacteria consists of only three clock proteins, KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC, which generate a circadian rhythm of KaiC phosphorylation in vitro. The adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of KaiC is the source of the 24-h period and temperature compensation. Although numerous circadian mutants of KaiC have been identified, the tuning mechanism of the 24-h period remains unclear. Here, we show that the circadian period of in vitro phosphorylation rhythm of mutants at position 402 of KaiC changed dramatically, from 15 h (0.6 d) to 158 h (6.6 d). The ATPase activities of mutants at position 402 of KaiC, without KaiA and KaiB, correlated with the frequencies (1/period), indicating that KaiC structure was the source of extra period change. Despite the wide-range tunability, temperature compensation of both the circadian period and the KaiC ATPase activity of mutants at position 402 of KaiC were nearly intact. We also found that in vivo and in vitro circadian periods and the KaiC ATPase activity of mutants at position 402 of KaiC showed a correlation with the side-chain volume of the amino acid at position 402 of KaiC. Our results indicate that residue 402 is a key position of determining the circadian period of cyanobacteria, and it is possible to dramatically alter the period of KaiC while maintaining temperature compensation.
Heterogeneous origins and functions of mouse skeletal muscle-resident macrophages

Significance Tissue-resident macrophages can arise from multiple origins during embryonic and adult hematopoiesis. They are important cells regulating a wide range of biological processes, such as tissue remodeling during organogenesis, tissue homeostasis in the steady state, tissue repair following injury, and immune response to pathogens. Although the origins and tissue-specific functions of resident macrophages have been extensively studied in many other tissues, they are not well characterized in skeletal muscle. Our study characterized the origins, tissue-specific gene expression, and diverse functions of skeletal muscle-resident macrophages in the steady state. Our findings provide a knowledge base for future studies of the roles of skeletal muscle-resident macrophages in various disease states. Tissue-resident macrophages can originate from embryonic or adult hematopoiesis. They play important roles in a wide range of biological processes including tissue remodeling during organogenesis, organ homeostasis, repair following injury, and immune response to pathogens. Although the origins and tissue-specific functions of resident macrophages have been extensively studied in many other tissues, they are not well characterized in skeletal muscle. In the present study, we have characterized the ontogeny of skeletal muscle-resident macrophages by lineage tracing and bone marrow transplant experiments. We demonstrate that skeletal muscle-resident macrophages originate from both embryonic hematopoietic progenitors located within the yolk sac and fetal liver as well as definitive hematopoietic stem cells located within the bone marrow of adult mice. Single-cell-based transcriptome analyses revealed that skeletal muscle-resident macrophages are distinctive from resident macrophages in other tissues as they express a distinct complement of transcription factors and are composed of functionally diverse subsets correlating to their origins. Functionally, skeletal muscle-resident macrophages appear to maintain tissue homeostasis and promote muscle growth and regeneration.
General Resistance in Maize to Southern Rust ( Puccinia polysora Underw.)

Southern corn rust (Puccinia polysora Underw.) is a major tropical disease that can lead to severe yield losses in the tropics. Occasionally it becomes of concern in temperate regions, as in 2010. We summarize 45 yr of research on the occurrence, genetic basis, and breeding of general resistance. Trials were conducted in Colombia, Hawaii, Nigeria, the Philippines, Texas, and Thailand. Temperate maize proved uniformly susceptible. No racially specific monogenes were effective. Resistance varied continuously among tropical inbreds and many of these showed stable intermediate tolerance. Two diallel populations revealed high correlations of inbred values with hybrid array means and slight heterosis for resistance. Narrow-sense heritabilities were 51% and 66%, and mean square ratios for general to specific combining ability (GCA:SCA) were 7.8 and 10.7 to 1. Generation mean analyses were performed on six sets of families. Mean and additive effects were significant across families, while significant nonadditive effects were rare. Heritability values ranged from 19% to 49%. A set of recombinant lines segregated a primary susceptibility locus on chromosome 6. Studies of 137 near-isogenic inbred lines (NILs) of resistant tropical inbred Hi27 revealed a dominant susceptibility quantitative trait locus (QTL) in the NIL for dwarf-1 locus, but linkage could not be confirmed. Premature senescence was associated with rust infections in many NILs, emphasizing the ubiquity of modifying genes. No correlation existed between resistance to southern and common rusts. Resistant tropical inbreds and populations were bred to serve as sources for future improvement.
Trustworthiness in the Financial Industry

The financial industry has been struggling with widespread misconduct and public mistrust. Here we argue that the lack of trust into the financial industry may stem from the selection of subjects with little, if any, trustworthiness into the financial industry. We identify the social preferences of business and economics students, and follow up on their first job placements. We find that during college, students who want to start their career in the financial industry are substantially less trustworthy. Most importantly, actual job placements several years later confirm this association. The job market in the financial industry does not screen out less trustworthy subjects. If anything the opposite seems to be the case: Even among students who are highly motivated to work in finance after graduation, those who actually start their career in finance are significantly less trustworthy than those who work elsewhere.
Multi-Generation Perception Towards Digital Wallet in Indonesia

Digital wallet in Indonesia exists to facilitate payment transactions without using cash. Popular brands of digital wallet products in Indonesia are Go-pay, Ovo, Dana, LinkAja. This study aims to identify the influencing factors of user intentions to use and recommend digital wallets based on a multi-generation preference perspective. The existing model is modified and adapted to the characteristics of users in Indonesia, then the model is validated by Expert Judgment. The data obtained from the respondents by filling in an online form at Google form, in which the link was spreaded out through social media such as WhatsApp and Instagram. The total of sample of this study is 205 respondents. This study is using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method using SMARTPLS 3 software, the results of data analysis show in Generation X, Perceived ease of use, Perceived Usefulness, Compatibility, and Trust positively influence Intention to Use, and the factors that influence intention to use in generation Y are Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Behavioral Control, and Trust. Factors that influence intention to use in generation Z are Perceived Ease of Use, and Perceived Usefulness. eventually, based on the data of each generation, the Intention to use indirectly influence Actual Use, Perceived Satisfaction, AND Recommendation to use.
Software Testing as Medium for Peer Feedback

Peer feedback has been shown to benefit students’ learning as it develops their critical thinking and provides more immediate feedback. It relies on the analysis by students of their peers’ work following structured criteria. We propose to apply the same principle to programming courses but in doing so by using techniques of software evaluation: software testing. Students run tests on their peers’ code and engage in peer feedback discussions on the results of the test runs. In this paper we present a testing-based code peer feedback learning activity, we describe its technical framework and integration with GitLab, and we discuss its deployment in an undergraduate course and initial evaluation.
Javastylosis: a tool for computer-assisted chromatic and semantics based anastylosis of frescoes

To solve some critical issues raised by anastylosis techniques, such as the deterioration of the original fragments due to continuous handling, and to compare alternative matching solutions for choosing the best one for real restoration, the pattern recognition and computer vision communities are proposing approaches that work on virtual copies of the fragments, providing new methodologies that help in the matching task. In this paper, we present Javastylosis, a tool that can support restorers for reassembling 2D images of damaged frescoes. With this computer-assisted methodology the user can apply chromatic and semantics principles. Each virtual fragments can be moved and rotated, and the same operations can be applied on groups of fragments. During the matching task, spurious elements can be discarded, and the final result is a digital solution of the 'puzzles' made by the artwork fragments, providing a table of coordinates useful to the restorers to correctly reposition the real fragments. The graphical interface, designed to be easy and intuitive, has been studied for and tested by people belonging to the autism spectrum but with very acute visual skills, so that inclusion opportunities can be given to this group of disadvantaged people.