Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Global Approach to Vision-Based Pedestrian Detection for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems

At the beginning of the 21th century, traffic accidents have become a major problem not only for developed countries but also for emerging ones, As in other scientific areas in which Artificial Intelligence is becoming a key actor, advanced driver assistance systems, and concretely pedestrian protection systems based on Computer Vision, are becoming a strong topic of research aimed at improving the safety of pedestrians. However, the challenge is of considerable complexity due to the varying appearance of humans (e.g., clothes, size, aspect ratio, shape, etc.), the dynamic nature of on-board systems and the unstructured moving environments that urban scenarios represent. In addition, the required performance is demanding both in terms of computational time and detection rates. In this thesis, instead of focusing on improving specific tasks as it is frequent in the literature, we present a global approach to the problem. Such a global overview starts by the proposal of a generic architecture to be used as a framework both to review the literature and to organize the studied techniques along the thesis. We then focus the research on tasks such as foreground segmentation, object classification and refinement following a general viewpoint and exploring aspects that are not usually analyzed. In order to perform the experiments, we also present a novel pedestrian dataset that consists of three subsets, each one addressed to the evaluation of a different specific task in the system. The results presented in this thesis not only end with a proposal of a pedestrian detection system but also go one step beyond by pointing out new insights, formalizing existing and proposed algorithms, introducing new techniques and evaluating their performance, which we hope will provide new foundations for future research in the area.
Fuzzy control of automatic train operation system

The automatic train operation (ATO) system is a subsystem of an automatic train control system that is widely adopted in modern rapid transit systems. The function of ATO system is to regulate train riding comfort and smoothness during start, acceleration, constant speed travel, and fixed-point parking under the corresponding commands. This paper describes the dynamic model of a public rapid transit system and a predictive fuzzy controller with fuzzy control rules based on the operation concepts of a skilled human operator. The fuzzy rules decision-making is based on the predictive evaluation of performance indices, which includes electric power cost, riding comfort of passengers, traceability of target speed, and accuracy of stop gap. The simulation results for a planned railway track of Taipei city rapid transit system show that the control performance of this fuzzy ATO system is better than that of the conventional PID controller. Stop gap control of fuzzy ATO can be executed successfully without the assistance of additional marker coils and vehicle alignment equipment.
P962 The Remodeling Index risk stratifies patients with hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy

National Medical Research Council Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is associated with increased cardiovascular events. The authors previously developed the Remodeling Index (RI) that incorporated LV volume and wall-thickness in a single measure of advanced hypertrophy in hypertensive patients. This study examined the mechanisms and prognostic potential of the RI in reference with current LVH classifications. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) was performed in 400 asymptomatic hypertensive patients. The newly derived RI ([(EDV)^1/3]/t; where EDV is LV end-diastolic volume and t is the maximal wall thickness across 16 myocardial segments) stratified hypertensive patients into 3 groups: without LVH, LVH with normal RI (LVH_Normal-RI) and LVH with low RI (LVH_Low-RI). The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality, acute coronary syndromes, strokes and decompensated heart failure. LVH_Low-RI was associated with increased LV mass index, fibrosis burden, impaired myocardial function and elevated biochemical markers of myocardial injury and wall stress. Over 18.3 ± 7.0 months (601.3 patient-years), patients with LVH_Low-RI had more than a 5-fold increase in adverse events compared to those with LVH_Normal-RI (11.6 events/100patient-years versus 2.0 events/100 patient-years, respectively; log-rank P < 0.001; Figure A). The RI provided incremental prognostic value over and above a model consisting of clinical variables and LVH (P = 0.02). Conversely concentric and eccentric LVH were associated with adverse prognosis (4.5 events/100patient-years versus 6.0 events/100patient-years, respectively; log-rank P = 0.62) that was similar as the natural history of hypertensive LVH (5.1 events/100patient-years). The RI provides mechanistic insights and prognostic value that improves risk-stratification of hypertensive LVH. Abstract P962 Figure.
Research on Body Positioning Measurement Method of Bolting Robot based on Vision Theory

In view of the intelligent demand of underground roadway support and the precise positioning of underground unmanned fully mechanized face, a method of body positioning measurement of bolting robot based on the principle of monocular vision is proposed. In this paper, a vehicle body positioning model based on image data is established. The data is obtained by camera, and the transformation between image coordinates and world coordinates is completed by coordinate system transformation. The monocular vision positioning system of bolting robot is designed, and the simulation experimental model is built to measure the effective positioning distance of monocular vision positioning system in the simulation experimental conditions. The experimental platform of bolting robot is designed, and the vehicle is measured Real time data of body positioning, analysis of experimental error and demonstration of reliability of the method. In this method, the real-time localization of underground mine is realized by the robot of bolting, and the accuracy and efficiency of localization are improved, which lays the foundation for the localization control of mining face and the automation and unmanned of the robot of bolting.
Recognition of gestures in Pakistani sign language using fuzzy classifier

Automatic recognition of sign language can be used as an efficient mean of communication with deaf people. In this paper, a fuzzy classifier to recognize alphabets of Pakistani sign language is proposed. In the proposed method, colored gloves are used to identify each finger-tip and joint. Angle between finger tip and corresponding finger joint is calculated and used to identify the position of each finger and then these positions are used to recognize the alphabet of sign language. Angles are provided as input to fuzzy inference system and then system identifies the position of each finger and on the basis of these positions defuzzification is performed. Results have shown that accuracy rate of the proposed system is quite high; only two signs out of thirty seven could not be recognized by the system correctly; all other 35 signs have been recognized accurately.
Fault-Tolerant UAV Flight Control System

The main focus of this masters thesis is fault-tolerant control systems (FTCSs) for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The goals are to develop an automatic-flight control system (AFCS) with fault detection and isolation (FDI) and a reconfiguration mechanism for accommodation of faults. The literature study reviews methods for fault-tolerant control and also discusses important faults and failures related to UAVs. The FTCS is implemented in MATLAB Simulink with a nonlinear model of the Cessna 172SP as a simulation plant. Several case studies test the capabilities of the FTCS using a variety of faults in the absence of noise and disturbances. The AFCS is tested separately in fault-free conditions. The AFCS comprises of lookahead-based steering for guidance and a linearquadratic (LQ) velocity and rate controller for reference tracking. It was necessary to implement a kinematic controller to reduce stationary errors. This resulted in extended control bandwidth which increased the robustness of the AFCS. The control system gave excellent reference tracking. Parity space is chosen as the FDI method and variance testing is implemented for residual validation. The results from the FDI showed that there were large separations between simulations with and without faults. Multiple faults during a simulation were also accurately detected. In a fault situation, fault accommodation is chosen for feedback control. Because of a narrow control bandwidth of the LQ controller, optimal control was not achieved for larger faults. However, the kinematic controller increased the bandwidth substantially; accurate control was achieved within the extended bandwidth. Simulations of larger faults showed that increased errors in the LQ controller lead to rough control signals; this weakens the robustness of the FTCS.
Modular Monolithic Microelectromechanical (MEMS) System Technology (M3S)

Abstract : Surface micromachining with monolithic integrated electronic evaluation circuits is an attractive technology for low-cost, highly compact sensors. Unfortunately, past monolithic sensor/circuits processes suffer from technology complexity resulting from the combination of two complex fabrication processes. The complex interactions slow down progress and preclude a straightforward upgrade path when a better circuit process becomes available. The technology developed here overcomes the disadvantages. By fabricating the mechanical structures first and embedding them in a planarized wafer, it achieves a high degree of separation between the two processes. In fact, the mechanical structures are fabricated by Analog Devices, while a CMOS foundry adds electronic circuits. New circuit options are added by simply sending the wafers to a different foundry. A full complement of gyroscopes and accelerometers fabricated in the modular process demonstrates the practicality Of the approach. Compared to conventional processes, the sensors benefit from unproved circuits performance and higher integration capability. A 5-V only gyroscope operating at ambient pressure underscores the flexibility of the approach to implement functions that normally require special technologies, such as high voltage transistors or vacuum packaging. The simpler approach greatly reduces cost and should be of value particularly in cost-sensitive applications such as smart ammunition or micro-air-vehicles.
Thermal Fatigue Analysis of an Emergency Core Cooling System Nozzle of a BWR Reactor, by the Finite Element Metod

The evaluation of the fatigue cumulative usage factor for theHigh Pressure Core Spray (HPCS) nozzle of a Boiling WaterReactor (BWR) reactor is developed in this paper. This fatiguephenomenon is originated mainly due to the sudden injectionof cold water inside the reactor vessel through the beforementioned nozzle. In this case, there is a thermal shock whichproduces high stresses. Therefore, a numerical methodology isapplied, based on the requirements of ASME Code. Firstly thethermal and transient stress fields are calculated with the FiniteElement Method and secondly the total cumulative usage fac-tor of the HPCS nozzle is evaluated following Miner's criterion.
Toward Autonomous Multi-floor Exploration: Ascending Stairway Localization and Modeling

Abstract : Localization and modeling of stairways by mobile robots can enable multi-floor exploration for those platforms capable of stair traversal. No system yet presented is capable of localizing a stairway on a map and estimating its properties, two functions that would enable stairways to be considered as traversable terrain in a path planning algorithm. We propose a system for detecting and modeling an ascending stairway while performing simultaneous localization and mapping. We design a generative model of a stairway as a single object and localize it with respect to the map, as well as estimate the dimensions of its steps. Modeling the stairway as a whole will enable exploration of higher floors of a building by allowing the stairway to be incorporated into path planning by considering it as a portal to new frontiers. Our system consists of two parts: a computationally efficient detector that leverages geometric cues from depth imagery to detect sets of ascending stairs, and a stairway modeler that uses multiple detections to infer the location and parameters of a stairway that is discovered during exploration. We demonstrate the performance of this system when deployed on several mobile platforms.
Inflight Fluidic Fibre Printing Towards Array and 3D Optoelectronic and Sensing Architectures

Scalability and device-integration have been prevailing issues limiting our ability in harnessing the full potential of small-diameter conducting fibres. We report inflight fluidic fibre printing, a rapid, low-cost route that integrates the entire process of conducting fibre production and fibre-to-circuit connection, in a single step under sub-100 °C ambient atmospheres. Metallic (silver) or organic (PEDOT:PSS) fibres with 1-3 μm diameter are fabricated, and the fibre arrays exhibit over 95 % transmittance in the 350-750 nm region. We exploit combinations of the unique fibre characteristics: directionality, high surface-area-to-volume ratio, and permissiveness, along with transparency and conductivity. Using PEDOT:PSS fibres as a cell-interfaced impedimetricsensor and a moisture sensor, we show that even a single fibre component can achieve complex functions or outperform conventional film-based devices. The capability to design suspended fibres and networks of homo-, hetero- cross-junctions, paves the way to applications includingflow-permissive devices, and 3D optoelectronic and sensor architectures.
Formulation of a weaning food with low hot-paste viscosity based on malted ragi (Eleusine coracana) and green gram (Phaseolus radiatus)

(i) Ragi (Eleusine coracana) and (ii) green gram (Phaseolus radiatus) were steeped in water for 24-96 h and amylase activity and paste viscosity pattern were determined. After 16 h of steeping (i) and (ii) were germinated for 48 and 24 h resp. , dried and powdered after the removal of the vegetative portion and bran, and mixed in the ratio 70:30 to produce a malted weaning food (MWF). Significant increase in amylase activity and decrease in paste viscosity occurred with progressive germination of (i) and (ii). (i) showed higher enzymic and viscosity changes than (ii). Hot paste viscosity of MWF was much lower than that of some proprietary brands of weaning foods at 15% slurry concn. It was found that hotpaste viscosity of some weaning foods sold in Indian markets could be reduced by the addition of 5% malted barley powder.
Plant Diseases Identification through a Discount Momentum Optimizer in Deep Learning

Deep learning proves its promising results in various domains. The automatic identification of plant diseases with deep convolutional neural networks attracts a lot of attention at present. This article extends stochastic gradient descent momentum optimizer and presents a discount momentum (DM) deep learning optimizer for plant diseases identification. To examine the recognition and generalization capability of the DM optimizer, we discuss the hyper-parameter tuning and convolutional neural networks models across the plantvillage dataset. We further conduct comparison experiments on popular non-adaptive learning rate methods. The proposed approach achieves an average validation accuracy of no less than 97% for plant diseases prediction on several state-of-the-art deep learning models and holds a low sensitivity to hyper-parameter settings. Experimental results demonstrate that the DM method can bring a higher identification performance, while still maintaining a competitive performance over other non-adaptive learning rate methods in terms of both training speed and generalization.
Dynamic grooming algorithms of augmented architecture in networks with elastic IP traffic

Only few publications regard the traffic grooming algorithms of augmented architecture. This paper summarizes the experiences with algorithm CAPA AUG[1] adopted to the IP over WDM networks that support elastic traffic. The analysis was performed on different topologies and using different parameters. We invented and implemented some new versions of the algorithm and present the comparison of the results.
Effect of different shaped transverse grooves on a zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer

An experimental study has been performed to investigate the response of a turbulent boundary layer to different shaped transverse grooves. Square, semicircular and triangular grooves with widths of 5, 10 and 20mm and depth to width (d/w) ratio of unity were investigated. The ratios of the groove depth to the oncoming boundary layer thickness (d/S₀) are 0.067, 0.133 and 0.267, respectively, for d = 5, 10 and 20mm. The experiments were performed at two freestream velocities (U₀) of 2.0 and 5.5m/s, corresponding to Reynolds number (R₀) based on the momentum thickness just upstream of the groove of 1000 and 3000, respectively. The turbulence parameters were measured using hot-wire anemometry, and measurements were performed at several locations downstream of the groove. The development of the wall shear stress and the internal layer downstream of the groove was also investigated. The ejection and sweep events and the bursting frequency were estimated based on the quadrant decomposition method. -- The development of the turbulent boundary layer downstream of the grooves was compared with results from the corresponding smooth-wall case. For all groove shapes, the 20mm groove has the most pronounced effect on all turbulence parameters. In general, the effect of the square groove on the turbulent characteristics is more pronounced than the effects of the semicircular and triangular grooves. The wall shear stress (Շw) was estimated from the slope of mean velocity at the wall. An increase in Շw just downstream of the groove for all groove shapes and sizes was observed. The increase in Շw is followed by a small decrease in Շw below the smooth-wall value before it relaxes back to the corresponding smooth-wall value at approximately x/S₀ = 3. The increase in Շw is more pronounced at R₀= 3000 than that at R₀ = 1000. At R₀= 1000, the spectrum of wall-normal turbulence intensity (v') downstream of the groove shows a significant increase at the higher wave number (k₁), while the increase in the spectrum of streamwise turbulence intensity (u') is not discernible at the same k₁ range. There is an increase in the bursting frequency (ƒB⁺) on the grooved-wall compared to the smooth-wall case. The variation of ƒB⁺ downstream of the groove is somewhat similar to the variation of Շw.
Integrated Approach to Free Space Optical Communications in Strong Turbulence

Abstract : The propagation of a free space optical communication signal through atmospheric turbulence experiences random fluctuations in intensity, including signal fades which negatively impact the communications link performance. This research develops an analytical probability density function (PDF) to model the best case scenario of using multiple independent beams to reduce the intensity fluctuations. The PDF was further developed to account for partially correlated beams, such as would be experienced by beams having finite separation. The PDF was validated with results obtained from digital simulations as well as lab experiments. The research showed that as the number of transmitted beams increases the probability of fade decreases. While fade probability is reduced by adding more beams, using more than four transmitters does little to improve the overall performance. Additionally, the use of pulse position modulation (PPM) provided significant improvement over traditional fixed threshold on/off keying with the impact of signal fading reduced. Combining PPM with multiple transmitters produced the best overall bit error rate results.
Closure in Surface Flux Estimation by Energy Balance Model: Comparison of Priestly-Taylor and Penman-Monteith Computations for a Tropical Site in Ibadan

Increasing demand to further understand complexity in surface energy flux partitioning necessitates the adaptation of numerous estimation methods to fit the site of observation. This is useful for reducing the uncertainty in physically measurable parameters especially those in tropical regions with high human interference in the atmospheric boundary layer. In this study, we used computations from two methods - the Priestley-Taylor (PT) and the Penman-Monteith (PM), based on the Energy Balance model to ascertain closure performance in the surface flux estimations. The study was carried out at the Nigerian Meteorological Experiment III site (7.38 o N and 3.93 o E, 224.2m) located in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. Thirty days of a year (2006) dataset were examined using the Bowen ratio (BR) energy balance model to validate the PT and PM methods. The systems were examined across daily and diurnal cycles to better understand the differences in energy partitioning. Results showed that both systems generally favored latent heat flux compared to sensible heat flux perhaps due to above-normal rainfall during the period. The PM method performed better than the PT method with a period average for the sensible heat and latent heat fluxes as 32.05 Wm -2 and 67.66 Wm -2 respectively, accounting for 29.22% and 61.39% of the total net radiation. The PT method underestimates the sensible heat flux by as much as 19.70 Wm -2 compared to the PM method, with a period average of 12.36 Wm -2 representing 11.26% of total net radiation. The PM method also gives a period average Bowen ratio estimate of 0.55, consistent with the standard range for grasslands. The study suggests that the performance of the PM method is related to its response to heat and water vapor transfer over humid regions and would contribute to further research on land-surface interactions over the tropics. Finally, we propose that the measurement of available energy, net radiation, and ground heat flux should be separated for different collocated systems in order to reduce the forcing of closure and aid in proper partitioning of the fluxes.
Design management of interaction design

Traditional product and service industries have developed design management systems over a long period of time (Felber, 1984; Sebastian, 2005). Typically these assume a product development process where (re)production is separate from design. For the software and system development industries, where digital interaction design is the predominant design discipline (Lowgren & Stolterman, 2005) few studies have been done on design management. Studies concerning design management issues for digital interaction design have identified problems for interaction designers to find a stronghold in organizations (Carlshamre & Rantzer, 2000), or characteristics of the software development context that is distinct for management of interaction design (Holmlid, 2006). As their point of departure these studies have taken organizations that develop ITsystems as if they were products. As a contrast, in this paper we expand the current literature by analyzing two studies of design management in an organization that uses software as part of their business process. We claim that for such organizations, design management of digital interaction design primarily is a concern for the operating core and the strategic apex, thus driving and directing the efforts made by support staff and technostructure.