Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extract Subject from Chinese Text with Three Different Levels

To meet the requirement of Internet and large scale text processing,this paper introduces how to automatically extract subject from Chinese texts. We extract the subject from three different levels: subject word,subject concept and subject sentence. We put the emphasis on how to form the weighting system and acquire the experience coefficient values. Based on the experimental results of news articles,we briefly analyze the performance.
Using Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization for Energy-Efficient Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks

In this chapter, the authors propose a multi-objective solution to the problem by using multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm to optimize the number of clusters in a sensor network in order to provide an energy-efficient solution. The proposed algorithm considers the ideal degree of nodes and battery power consumption of the sensor nodes. The main advantage of the proposed method is that it provides a set of solutions at a time. The results of the proposed approach were compared with two other well-known clustering techniques: WCA and CLPSO-based clustering. Extensive simulations were performed to show that the proposed approach is an effective approach for clustering in WSN environments and performs better than the other two approaches.
Research of predicting insider threat based on Bayesian network

Internal network brings convenience for corporate office,but increasing threats are also brought into enterprises.Insider threat causes great harm to enterprises,and is difficult to detect,so it is urgently to be solved.This paper put forward a predictive model of insider threat based on Bayesian network attack graphs.It considered the behaviors in attacking process as research objects,and considered the resources and operation sequence as nodes,established Bayesian network attack graphs.It described the different attack paths and attack state in the process of attacking by Bayesian network attack graphs,and used Bayesian network inference algorithm to calculate the risk probability of insider threat.In Bayesian network attack graphs,the concepts of meta-operation,atomic attack and intrusion evidence were defined,and node variable,its value and conditional probability distribution were quantified.Based on the improved likelihood weighted algorithm,the calculation of Bayesian network parameters is easier,and the prediction of insider threat is more accurate.Ultimately,by simulation experiment,it is proved that the modeling speed is fast,the process of calculation is simple,the result is exact,and it is valid and applicative in predicting insider threat.
Implementing of Character Values in English Language Learning and Teaching

Studies of character building have been being discussed in all disciplines involved in language learning and teaching. It means that it has a central position in creating the good human being life generally and teacher, as a model of change, particularly. The main points of character building are its universal values such as trustworthiness, responsibility, respect, caring, fairness, and citizenship. The good teacher's character can be seen from the quality of his/her character personally or inter/intrapersonal. Discussing good charactered teachers and students are still becoming a current and serious issue and challenge in the educational context. Therefore, the purpose is to explore the character building through media and language education. In this case, the focus is on the theoretical review of the implementing of character values in English language learning and teaching in the classroom. The sub-themes are (1) teacher's role in internalizing of character values in English language learning and teaching, (2) internalizing of character values in learning and teaching media and materials, (3) internalizing of character values in learning and teaching processes. So, the integration of the character values in the learning and teaching system is very needed in order to produce the best teacher and students with having high knowledge and best behavior. Then, the character values are not taught but implemented in real action model explicitly and in learning and teaching media and materials implicitly. They are conducted by teachers and students inside and or outside the classroom simultaneously, continuously, and consistently. They are also supported by references from inspiring good character values people from various countries in the world. In another word, they have been successful and consistent with the character values
The Contribution of Divorce to Parental-Self Efficacy and Perception of Parenting among Divorced Parents: A Qualitative Study

ABSTRACT The study explores the contribution that divorce has on parents’ parental self-efficacy. Divorce and self-efficacy of the are areas that have been extensively studied in recent decades. Going through a divorce has an effect on how parents parent their children, which in turn has an effect on the behavioral, emotional, social and academic outcomes of the child. Divorce is considered a significant factor in determining emotional and social problems that children begin to exhibit. However, limited research has been conducted on the relationship between divorce and parental self-efficacy and exploring the perceptions of parenting among divorced parents in South Africa. This study used qualitative interviews to explore the impact of divorce on parental self-efficacy and perceptions of parenting among ten divorced parents from working to middle class community in Cape Town, South Africa. The interviews were analyzed by making use of thematic analysis. Although participants experienced an initial period of elevated emotional distress and feeling overwhelmed at becoming a single parent, their confidence in their parenting increased over time as they began to adjust to their new lives and received adequate and regular support. This was accomplished through various techniques and coping mechanisms employed by the participants, and with their social support structure playing a significant role in contributing to their parental self-efficacy. These results suggest that even though newly divorced parents feel initially overwhelmed and emotionally distressed in the initial stages, if they are given sufficient support and time to stabilize while integrating in to their new lives, their parent self-efficacy increases and they are more confident in their parenting abilities.
Illuminating the Use of the Specificity Principle to Go Inside the Black Box of Programs

Abstract. The UN 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) call for disaggregating results of program effectiveness within subgroups. Using the Bornstein (2017) specificity principle, involving within-group assessments regarding what specific youth prosper in what specific ways in what specific programs, we analyzed data from 888 Salvadoran youth (50% female), aged 9–15 years ( M = 11.60 years, SD = 1.7), participating in the Compassion International (CI) Study of Positive Youth Development (PYD). We compared CI-supported youth with non-CI-supported youth on nine variables related to PYD, intentional self-regulation, hopeful future expectations, and spirituality. Whereas tests of group averages indicated no meaningful differences, disaggregated results across 20 program sites indicated that 2 sites showed no group differences, 7 sites showed better CI-supported youth performance, 3 sites showed better non-CI-supported youth performance, and 8 sites showed a mixed pattern. We discuss the use of the specificity principle in future assessments of SDG indicators.
A PFIH-Based Heuristic for Green Routing Problem with Hard Time Windows

Transportation sector generates a considerable part of each nation's gross domestic product and considered among the largest consumers of oil products in the world. This paper proposes a heuristic method for the vehicle routing problem with hard time windows while incorporating the costs of fuel, driver, and vehicle. The proposed heuristic uses a novel speed optimization algorithm to reach its objectives. Performance of the proposed algorithm is validated by comparing its results with the results of the exact method and differential evaluation algorithm for small-scale problems. For large-scale problems, the results of the proposed algorithm are compared with those obtained from the differential evaluation algorithm. Overall, results indicate the good performance of the proposed heuristic algorithm.
Workplace Violence Against Primary and Secondary School Teachers in Al-Najaf City/Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Violence against teachers is a significant yet under-investigated problem in Iraq that has profound implications for schooling, teacher retention and overall student performance. Objectives: The study aims to shed light on the prevalence of Workplace violence against primary and secondary schools teachers in Al-Najaf Al- Ashraf city and to identify some associated factors. Subject and method: A cross-sectional study was performed during the period of 1st of April 2017 to 1st of February 2018 covering 308 teachers from 21 governmental schools aged 20-75 years of both genders; both teachers and schools were randomly selected. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire designed especially for this study. Results: Of the 308 teachers, 79 (25.6%) admitted exposure to violence in the last 12 months, 67(21.8%) of the teachers verbally abused, 17 (5.5%) exposed to physical violence and 20 (6.5%) exposed to property damage. No significant differences found between the exposure to the violence and gender, age, academic degree, years of practice of the teachers, location, type of schools and number of students in the classroom as (p=0.975, 0.8, 0.2, 0.9, 0.8, 0.5 and 0.3 respectively). The students were the aggressors in about two-thirds of the cases (n=53, 67.1%) while the parents were the aggressors in the remaining third (n=26, 32.9%). Conclusions: The violence against teachers is a significant problem in Iraqi schools as 25.6% of the teachers reported violence in the past 12 months. It is affecting teachers regardless of their gender, age, academic degree, their years of practice, the location of the school and number of students in the class.
Broadcasting for help: A typology of support-seeking strategies on Facebook

Social network sites are desirable media through which to seek supportive communication, and users can signal a need for assistance to large, diverse pools of potential support providers with a single message. According to social information processing theory, support seekers adapt to the lack of nonverbal cues online by leveraging the verbal elements of messages. This study classifies the variety of verbal strategies that Facebook users employ to seek support to better understand how people publicly initiate supportive exchanges online. A community sample of participants (N = 291) completed an online questionnaire in which they provided their most recent Facebook post that was intended to garner supportive communication. A thematic analysis revealed seven themes that describe the verbal strategies of support-seeking that social network site users enacted to request support. Implications for initiating supportive exchanges and revealing personal information online are discussed.
The Apprenticeship Model - Experiential learning or experience of learning

The recognition of experiential learning, which incorporates competency-based learning and the acquisition of skills, within undergraduate studies is evolving through government policy. One such policy is the degree apprenticeship model which has produced a collaborative relationship which consists of employers and professional bodies who identify the knowledge and skills required to practise a particular profession. The fusion of learning whilst earning is not a new concept and the pressure is now on higher educational institutions to formulate and deliver experiential learning through the apprenticeship degree model.
OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE - A MODERATOR BETWEEN SOCIAL COMMERCE SUCCESS FACTORS AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION RELATIONSHIP: FACEBOOK BRAND PAGE PLATFORM

Nowadays, the role of social media in marketing strategies is undeniable. Facebook brand page is one of the platforms used by the marketers to promote their products. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the Openness to Experience personality moderates the relationship between Information System Success (ISS) factors and customer satisfaction using a sample of 354 customers from three different Facebook brand pages. The result found that the Openness to Experience personality effect the relationship between ISS factors and customer satisfaction. Meanwhile, the Information Quality is the most important factor that influences the customer satisfaction towards social media applications. Keywords: Social Commerce, Information System Success Factors, Personality Traits, Customer Satisfaction, Openness to Experience, Facebook Brand Page
From Raviart-Thomas to HDG: a personal voyage

This document has been motivated by a course entitled From Raviart-Thomas to HDG, which I have prepared for Cadiz Numerica 2013 – Course and Encounter on Numerical Analysis (Cadiz, Spain – June 2013). It is an introduction to the techniques for local analysis of classical mixed methods for diffusion problems and how they motivate the Hybridizable Discontinuous Galerkin method. They assume knowledge of basic techniques on Finite Element Analysis, but not of Mixed Finite Element Methods. Many estimates (especially those fitting in the general category of scaling arguments) are carried out with almost excruciating detail. All final bounds are given for solutions with maximal regularity. This being an introductory text, no attempt has been made at dealing with complicated or anisotropic meshes, or at producing estimates for solutions with very low regularity. I have preferred to give most technical results in a theorem-and-proof format, but have kept a more argumentative (while fully rigorous) tone for the main estimates of the three families of methods we will be dealing with. I have also tried to give some precise references to original sources, but have not been extremely thorough in this, partially because of not being able to discern who-was-first in some particular instances.
Food Insecurity and Academic Achievement Among College Students at a Public University in the United States

Abstract:Using survey data collected from 3,245 university students, we examined correlates of frequency of food insecurity and of grade point average (GPA), the association between food insecurity and GPA, and whether food insecurity mediates the associations between student characteristics and GPA. The results indicated that Black, Hispanic, Pell Grant–eligible, and first-generation college students were relatively frequently food insecure and that students who were more often food insecure, Black, Hispanic, or eligible for Pell Grants, tended to have lower GPAs. Moreover, indirect pathways from student characteristics to GPA via food insecurity partially mediated associations between student characteristics and GPA. These indirect pathways suggest that a portion of the association between being Black and lower GPA, for example, may be accounted for by relatively greater frequency of food insecurity among Black students. Policy implications are presented to suggest how universities, in collaboration with local and federal programs, might reduce food insecurity on campus.
Exploring Karl Marx Conflict Theory in Education: Are Pakistani Private Schools Maintaining Status Quo?.

Social class inequality is deeply rooted in our society. All spheres of life are subjected to this disparity even educational institutions are no exception. Different sociologists have explored underlying factors behind this phenomenon. One of the most prominent figures among these is Karl Marx who believed that between the two classes (ruling and the subject); first one remains on same positions due to economic superiority over the years as compared to the proletariat who experience restricted social mobility. Keeping in mind the existing educational structure based on class position as determined by Karl Marx theory, this study aims to see whether private schools are maintaining status quo in Pakistani society or not. In this regard, secondary data regarding key position holders (Matric.) of Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) Lahore was obtained (last 5 years) and an overview of public and private schools fees and amenities was given on the basis of observation. Preliminary findings of the study suggest that private schools have been successful in establishing a status quo in education system of Pakistani society. This phenomenon is quite relevant to Karl Marx conflict theory which confirms that power group has access to resources and life chances which unprivileged have not. It is social class which determines the choice of educational institution and consequently future success. This study presents the true depiction of existing educational inequality in Pakistan and will help to re-initiate a debate for policy makers to overcome the educational inequalities in Pakistani education system.
The Influence of Information Acceptance on Information Use Performance in the Case of Vulnerable Classes

This study analyzed the effect of information acceptance on the information use performance for the vulnerable groups. The sample group was classified into general public group and vulnerable groups residing in Korea, and the vulnerable groups were divided into the disabled, the low - income group, the elderly group and the farmers. The characteristics of the vulnerable groups were selected by the competence level, use motive, and use attitudes and the correlation between each factor and use utilization was analyzed. In all groups, the use motive and the use attitude showed a strong positive correlation with the use performance of . 682. In particular, the information use attitude and the information use performance were closely related. The correlation between the use attitude and use performance of the vulnerable groups were investigated in the order of lower grade (.695), farmers & fishermen (.688), elderly (.674), and disabled (.672). In conclusion, this study shows that if use attitude is high, use performance is high. Therefore, in order to expand the acceptance of information on vulnerable groups, various programs that can increase the use attitude of information should be introduced. Through this, it was found that the vulnera-ble groups could induce the use attitude of information and the satisfaction of the use performance, and ultimately the digital information divide could be reduced by improving the information acceptance of the vulnerable groups. This study has limitations in securing various contents of inquiry based on questionnaire survey. It is necessary to analyze various factors besides factors selected as environmental fac-tors of information acceptance as characteristics of vulnerable groups.
Benefits of Online Teaching for Face-to-Face Teaching at Historically Black Colleges and Universities.

Technology and distance education are on the rise in community colleges, four-year institutions, Ivy League colleges, research institutions, and technical colleges. One of the most significant phenomena occurring in Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) today is distance education. Academic leaders can better implement professional development plans to promote online programs if they understand faculty perceptions about teaching online. This phenomenological research paper presents the results of 12 experiences of higher education faculty members at an HBCU who transitioned from a face-to-face teaching modality to a distance education instructional delivery and subsequently returned to the face-to-face classroom
DIFFERENTIAL ENCODING REVEALED: AN EXPLANATION OF THE TIER-1 DIFFERENTIAL ENCODING IN IRIG 106

IRIG 106-04 specifies differential encoding for use with the interoperable Tier-1 modulations to deal with phase and delay-axis ambiguities associated with PLL-based carrier phase synchronization. The origins of the differential encoding have been shrouded in the mists of an unavailable technical report and a mysterious connection to previous published work in the open literature. This paper removes the mystery by showing that the differential encoding rule results from encoding bit-by-bit transitions in the phase trajectory of an offset QPSK modulated carrier. INTRODUCTION The IRIG 106-04 Standard [1] defines three interoperable “Tier-1” modulations known as FQPSK-B, FQPSK-JR, and SOQPSK-TG. The three are “interoperable” in the sense that they all have nominally the same bandwidth (as measured by both the −60 dBc and 99% power criteria) and achieve essentially the same bit error rate when demodulated with an integrate-and-dump offset QPSK demodulator. These waveforms, all variations of offset QPSK, were adopted in IRIG 106-04 because they occupy half the bandwidth of the legacy PCM/FM modulation while achieving the same power efficiency as PCM/FM (i.e., the signal-to-noise ratio required to achieve a given bit error rate is the same for PCM/FM with limiter-discriminator detection and the Tier-1 modulations). The power efficiency of the Tier-1 demodulators is achieved by using coherent detection. In coherent detection, the demodulator estimates the unknown phase of the received carrier and uses this information to produce decisions. This is in contrast with limiter-discriminator detection of PCM/FM, which produces bit decisions without tracking the unknown carrier phase. Because no provision is made to transmit a sequence of known (and clear) bits for the purposes of estimating the carrier phase at the receiver, Tier-1 demodulators must estimate the unknown carrier phase using decision-directed techniques, usually implemented with a phase-lock loop (PLL).
Forensic Analysis of Physical Memory and Page File

With the passage of time, the field of computer forensics is maturing and the traditional methodology of disk forensics has now become a standard. In the same manner volatile data forensics is also getting serious attention from forensic investigators and researchers. Physical memory is an integral part of volatile data forensics. It can provide a forensic examiner with wealth of information like passwords, encrypted keys, typed commands, web addresses, shared and executable files, currently running processes and terminated processes, open ports and active connections. This thesis explores the forensic analysis of physical memory and page file in search of sensitive data using the currently available tools. Experiments are carried out in virtual environment on Windows XP operating system. The immediate purpose of this thesis is to study the impact of increased memory size, operating system and applications on the retention of sensitive data in today’s computers. We will also explore the capabilities and limitations of the currently available tools for the acquisition and analysis of memory and page file. Forensic Analysis of Physical Memory and Page File