Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A call for collaboration: linking local and non-local rangeland communities to build resilience

The people who live in Australia’s rangelands are vital for maintaining natural systems, agricultural production, infrastructure for tourism and many services and products which benefit the nation. However, the number of people living within many rangeland regions is declining, services are being withdrawn and resilience undermined. Social capital is an important concept within the resilience literature. Bonding social capital is based strong ties within relatively homogenous local groups, bridging social capital is based on ties between more diverse local groups and linking social capital is based on ties between local and external groups. Within the rangelands, there are often strong bonding and bridging social capitals based on internal social and formal connections, but gaps in linking social capital due to weak or imbalanced connections with external groups and organisations. There is evidence that all three social capitals are needed for regional resilience, and the gap in linking is thus a key issue. People who live outside the rangelands can help rebuild this resilience by linking their skills, knowledge and expertise with local groups and communities. Many city-based scientists, policy makers, influencers and other professionals work in and have empathy for the rangelands. By connecting meaningfully with local groups such as Landcare, service clubs, philanthropic groups or Indigenous Rangers, they would find many benefits to their own endeavours through improved policies, knowledge and service delivery. Central-western Queensland is provided as an example where many such mutual benefits and networks already exist, offering pathways for linking local residents with external experts. Current platforms offer opportunities for a greater range of external academic institutions and organisations to engage with locals, with everyone standing to gain.
Experimental Research on the Wax Crystal Particle Size Distribution of Waxy Crude Oil

The total settled mass of waxy crude oil has a close relationship with the particle size distribution of wax crystals. Wax crystal images of four kinds of crude oils were obtained with OPTIPHOT2-POL polarizing microscope. The wax particle size distribution was confirmed by image processing and data analysis. The results strongly suggest that wax particle size correspond to gamma distribution. Moreover, the range of wax particle size distribution expands with the increasing of temperature.
Prediction and Analysis of Lake Ice Phenology Dynamics Under Future Climate Scenarios Across the Inner Tibetan Plateau

How climate change influences lake ice phenology is important in understanding the climate‐lake interactions. This study investigates the response of lake ice phenology to future climate scenarios. Thirty‐five lakes in the Tibetan Plateau were studied. Firstly, we applied a random forest (RF) model to simulate lake ice condition under different representative concentration pathways (RCPs). The results of the virtual experiments show that lake ice freeze‐up start date (FUSD) and break‐up end date (BUED) are well simulated by the RF model, with R2FUSD > 0.91 under different RCPs, and R2BUED > 0.84, except in RCP2.6 (R2 = 0.74). Secondly, two non‐parametric methods (Mann‐Kendall and Sen's slope estimator) were used for analyzing the trends in lake ice phenology and its response to various emission scenarios. Lake ice phenology was largely affected by temperature changes under different RCPs, and it had a larger inter‐annual variability in the early period (2002–2050) than in the later period (2050–2099). FUSD of 35 lakes delayed by an average of 0.01, 0.04, and 0.04 days/yr from 2002 to 2098 under RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5, whereas BUED advanced by an average of 0.04, 0.11, and 0.21 days/yr from 2003 to 2099. Both delays in FUSD and advances in BUED contributed to shortened average ice duration of 35 lakes, which shortened by 0.05, 0.14, and 0.25 days/yr from 2002 to 2098 under RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5, respectively. These findings could help to tackle the impacts of climate change on the lake systems.
Biogeography of intertidal and subtidal native and invasive barnacles in Korea in relation to oceanographic current ecoregions and global climatic changes

Abstract The coastline of the Korean Peninsula is influenced by three major oceanographic ecoregions, including the estuarine Yellow Sea ecoregion on the west coast, the warmer and saline East China Sea ecoregion on the south coast, and the cold East Sea ecoregion on the east coast. The influence of these marine ecoregions on the distribution of intertidal barnacles has not been extensively studied. The present study examines the biogeography of thoracican barnacles from intertidal and shallow subtidal zones, along the coasts of Korea. Twenty-one species in seven families were identified, including three species of coral-associated barnacles. Species composition varied significantly in the three marine ecoregions. Multivariate analysis showed barnacle assemblages were significant among the three ecoregions, although there are large overlaps of clusters between the Yellow Sea and East China Sea ecoregions. The estuarine species, Fistulobalanus albicostatus, occurred mainly in the Yellow Sea ecoregion; warm-water species, Tetraclita japonica, and sponge inhabiting barnacles Euacasta dofleini were observed in the East China Sea ecoregion; and cold-water species, Balanus rostratus and Perforatus perforatus, were found in the East Sea ecoregion. Four invasive barnacle species were recorded and the European barnacle Perforatus perforatus expanded its range northward from its recorded distribution nine years earlier. The cold-water species, Chthamalus dalli and Semibalanus cariosus, previously recorded in the East Sea ecoregion, were absent in the present survey. A trend of increasing seawater temperatures in Korean waters may have a significant impact on the distribution of cold-water species and enhance the northward invasion of P. perforatus.
A Review of Common Shoulder Injuries

The shoulder complex is an intricate combination of bones, muscles, and ligaments that function synergistically to move the arm. While the shoulder is a very mobile joint, allowing for movement in all planes, it is not an apparatus known for stability. The injuries that can be sustained by the shoulder are often extensive and could give rise to further injuries in other aspects of the body, including the arm, back, and sternum. Two of the most common injuries that can be sustained by the shoulder include clavicular fractures and anterior shoulder dislocations. Clavicular fractures are most commonly sustained by direct compressive force directed towards the sternum and applied to the ipsilateral shoulder, while anterior dislocations commonly occur as a result of direct force projected anteriorly while the arm is externally rotated and abducted. The mechanism of injury for both clavicular fractures and anterior dislocations dictates the injuries' severity which subsequently determines the extent of treatment and rehabilitation that is needed. Both conservative and surgical methods are effective in treating shoulder injuries depending upon an individual's activity level and the extent of the injury. Following treatment, proper rehabilitation of the injury is crucial to regain the shoulder's active pain-free range of motion, strength of surrounding muscles, and neuromuscular control, while ensuring a timely return to daily activities.
A nonlinear impulsive Cauchy–Poisson problem. Part 2. Lagrangian description

Abstract A fully nonlinear Cauchy–Poisson problem is investigated analytically by a small-time expansion. The inviscid incompressible fluid layer has an initially horizontal surface. The fluid is forced into motion by an impulsive surface pressure. The early nonlinear free-surface problem is solved to second order in a small-time expansion by the Lagrangian description of motion. Comparisons are made with two other solution procedures for the same nonlinear problem in the absence of gravity: a third-order small-time expansion and a numerical solution, based on full nonlinearity according to the standard Eulerian description. Good agreement is found between the present second-order Lagrangian solution and the previous third-order Eulerian solution, until both these asymptotic expansions diverge rather abruptly at the same time.
Evaluating study procedure training methods for a remote daily diary study of sexual minority women.

Background Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods can be used to remotely assess physical and mental health in daily life for hard-to-reach, marginalized, and geographically dispersed populations in the U.S., such as sexual minority women (e.g., lesbian, bisexual). However, EMA studies are often complex, and engaging participants from afar can be a challenge. This study experimentally examined whether adding videos to written recruitment materials would improve consent rates, reduce dropout rates, and improve survey completion rates for an online daily diary study. Methods As part of a 2-week study of same-sex female couples' health, 376 women ages 18-35 were recruited from across the U.S. using a market research firm. Couples were randomized to an introductory information condition (written + video materials or written-only materials) prior to informed consent. Results Overall, 97.1% of eligible women reviewed introductory materials and of these 96.7% consented; consent rates did not differ by condition (written + video: 97.1%, written-only: 97.1%). Dropout rates were low (5.4%) and survey completion rates were high (90.4% of surveys completed); there were no group differences for study dropout (written + video: 3.6%, written-only: 7.0%) or survey completion (written + video: 92.5%, written-only: 88.4%). Data from women randomized to receive videos indicated more than half (53.3%) did not watch any of the five videos in full. However, among those who viewed the videos, time spent watching videos, watching more videos in full, and watching at least one video in full were each positive associated with survey completion rates. Conclusions In summary, we had high consent rates, low dropout rates, and high survey completion rates regardless of video instructions. Although sexual minority women can be hard to reach, our potential participants appeared highly motivated to take part in research, and thus video recruitment materials were not necessary to improve participation. Future experimental research to maximize EMA study design and implementation could be important for populations less inclined to participate in EMA studies, or who are less familiar with research.
Historical thinking online: An analysis of expert and non-expert readings of historical websites

ABSTRACT Background This paper outlines the findings of a sociocultural study that examined how digital contexts shape historical thinking. It was assumed that the tools used to engage with historical information mediate thinking, and that when evaluating historical information online, participants would draw upon heuristics associated with Historical Thinking (Wineburg, 1991) and website evaluation. Method The study involved qualitative interviews with historians and university students who evaluated three historical websites using a think-aloud protocol followed by semi-structured questioning. Findings While sourcing, corroboration and contextualization remain the basis of disciplinary inquiry, the specific nature of each heuristic shifted when being used to evaluate online material, and a new category of intertextual ‘hybrid’ heuristics was formed as participants adapted general digital heuristics to evaluate historical information. Furthermore, these ‘hybrid heuristics’ had divergent effects on participants: for the students it appeared to inhibit critical historical thinking, whereas for the historians it formed the basis of their deep critical appraisal. Contribution The findings have implications for research on historical thinking, history education and critical website evaluation.
Mobility Management-Based Autonomous Energy-Aware Framework Using Machine Learning Approach in Dense Mobile Networks

A paramount challenge of prohibiting increased CO2 emissions for network densification is to deliver the Fifth Generation (5G) cellular capacity and connectivity demands, while maintaining a greener, healthier and prosperous environment. Energy consumption is a demanding consideration in the 5G era to combat several challenges such as reactive mode of operation, high latency wake up times, incorrect user association with the cells, multiple cross-functional operation of Self-Organising Networks (SON), etc. To address this challenge, we propose a novel Mobility Management-Based Autonomous Energy-Aware Framework for analysing bus passengers ridership through statistical Machine Learning (ML) and proactive energy savings coupled with CO2 emissions in Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) architecture using Reinforcement Learning (RL). Furthermore, we compare and report various ML algorithms using bus passengers ridership obtained from London Overground (LO) dataset. Extensive spatiotemporal simulations show that our proposed framework can achieve up to 98.82% prediction accuracy and CO2 reduction gains of up to 31.83%.
Estimation of population differentiation using pedigree and molecular data in Black Slavonian pig

The aim of the study was to investigate the genetic differentiation of the Black Slavonian pig population. Two parallel analyses were performed using genealogical records and molecular data. Pedigree information of 6,099 pigs of the Black Slavonian breed was used to evaluate genetic variability and population structure. Additionally, 70 pigs were genotyped using 23 microsatellite markers. Genealogical data showed shrinkage in genetic diversity parameters with effective population size of 23.58 and inbreeding of 3.26%. Expected and observed heterozygosity were 0.685 and 0.625, respectively, and the average number of alleles per locus was 7.826. Bayesian clustering algorithm method and obtained dendrograms based on pedigree information and molecular data revealed the existence of four genetic clusters within the Black Slavonian pig. Wright’s FIS, FST and FIT from pedigree records were 0.017, 0.006, and 0.024, respectively, and did not prove significant population differentiation based on the geographical location of herds, despite the natural mating system. Obtained results indicate that despite the increased number of animals in the population, genetic diversity of Black Slavonian pig is low and conservation programme should focus on strategies aimed at avoiding further loss of genetic variability. Simultaneous use of genealogical and molecular data can be useful in conservation management of Black Slavonian pig breed.
Interplanetary Shock Impact Angles Control Magnetospheric ULF Wave Activity: Wave Amplitude, Frequency, and Power Spectra

We present the first clear observational connection between interplanetary shock impact angles and magnetospheric ultralow frequency (ULF) wave activity. We perform a comparative study of two solar wind shocks with relatively similar strengths, but one being nearly frontal and, the other, highly inclined. We utilize multipoint observations with magnetometers based in space and on the ground for comparisons. For satellites and ground stations occupying similar local time positions, we find that the ULF waves have larger amplitudes and tend to be more narrowband in the case of the nearly head‐on impact, confirming previous simulation results. Additionally, we provide evidence that, due to their symmetric compression nature, nearly frontal shocks can excite only odd mode waves, while asymmetric compressions caused by inclined shocks can excite both odd and even mode waves. These results suggest that shock impact angles play crucial roles in mediating ULF wave‐particle interactions in the inner magnetosphere.
Hypertrophic scars and keloids—Treatment with fractional lasers

Hypertrophic scars and keloids are frequent causes of dermatological consultation that impair function and cosmesis. Besides traditional therapies, lasers, and particularly fractional lasers (FLs), have emerged as readily available instruments to treat a variety of dermatological and aesthetic ailments including scars. In this review, the use of FLs in the treatment of hypertrophic and keloid scars is summarized in detail. Practitioners should be aware of the use of lasers as key devices in the treatment protocols of hypertrophic and keloid scars.
Molecular docking analysis of C-phycocyanin with VEGFR2

C-phycocyanin (C-PC) produced from cyanobacterial species finds application in drug development. Therefore, it is of interest to document the molecular binding features of C-PC with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). C-PC showed H-bond interactions with residues on both sides of the Deusche Forschugsgemein-Schalt (DFG) loop (Asp1046-Phe1047-Gly1048). A hydrophobic association between the activation loop and the DFG residue (Gly1048) helps to inhibit the activity of VEGFR2 kinases. Thus, C-PC is reported as a potential angiogenesis inhibitor for VEGFR2 in combating cancer.
Development of single-nucleotide polymorphism markers of salinity tolerance for Tunisian durum wheat using RNA sequencing

ABSTRACT Salinity stress is a critical abiotic stress that reduces crop productivity. Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) is an essential cereal in Tunisia, a country threatened by salinity stress. In this study, 26 accessions of Tunisian durum wheat were subjected to salinity stress induced by 500 mM NaCl, and their salinity tolerance was evaluated by examining phenotypic parameters and calculating the salinity tolerance trait index and salinity tolerance index. Furthermore, two Tunisian durum wheat cultivars, namely ‘Om Rabia’ (salinity-tolerant) and ‘Mahmoudi’ (salinity-susceptible), were subjected to RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected from the RNA-Seq data of these two cultivars. The impacts of all SNP variants on genes were predicted, and 157 candidate SNP primer pairs were designed preferentially using high-impact transcripts. Following confirmation using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of data from ‘Om Rabia’ and ‘Mahmoudi’, 17 SNP markers were developed and applied to assess the remaining 26 Tunisian durum wheat lines. Three developed SNP markers (KUCMB_TRIDC7AG078450.6_12, KUCMB_TRIDC2BG061830.1_05, and KUCMB_TRIDC2BG061830.1_08) showed PCR bands only in salinity-tolerant lines but not in moderately tolerant or susceptible lines. Therefore, the developed SNP markers may be used to screen the salinity tolerance of various durum wheat accessions.
Tree Species Classification and Health Status Assessment for a Mixed Broadleaf-Conifer Forest with UAS Multispectral Imaging

Automatic discrimination of tree species and identification of physiological stress imposed on forest trees by biotic factors from unmanned aerial systems (UAS) offers substantial advantages in forest management practices. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel workflow for facilitating tree species classification and the detection of healthy, unhealthy, and dead trees caused by bark beetle infestation using ultra-high resolution 5-band UAS bi-temporal aerial imagery in the Czech Republic. The study is divided into two steps. We initially classified the tree type, either as broadleaf or conifer, and we then classified trees according to the tree type and health status, and subgroups were created to further classify trees (detailed classification). Photogrammetric processed datasets achieved by the use of structure-from-motion (SfM) imaging technique, where resulting digital terrain models (DTMs), digital surface models (DSMs), and orthophotos with a resolution of 0.05 m were utilized as input for canopy spectral analysis, as well as texture analysis (TA). For the spectral analysis, nine vegetation indices (VIs) were applied to evaluate the amount of vegetation cover change of canopy surface between the two seasons, spring and summer of 2019. Moreover, 13 TA variables, including Mean, Variance, Entropy, Contrast, Heterogeneity, Homogeneity, Angular Second Moment, Correlation, Gray-level Difference Vector (GLDV) Angular Second Moment, GLDV Entropy, GLDV Mean, GLDV Contrast, and Inverse Difference, were estimated for the extraction of canopy surface texture. Further, we used the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm to conduct a detailed classification of tree species and health status. Our results highlighted the efficiency of the proposed method for tree species classification with an overall accuracy (OA) of 81.18% (Kappa: 0.70) and health status assessment with an OA of 84.71% (Kappa: 0.66). While SVM proved to be a good classifier, the results also showed that a combination of VI and TA layers increased the OA by 4.24%, providing a new dimension of information derived from UAS platforms. These methods could be used to quickly evaluate large areas that have been impacted by biological disturbance agents for mapping and detection, tree inventory, and evaluating habitat conditions at relatively low costs.
Análise in silico do perfil farmacocinético e toxicológico de fármacos em pesquisa para o tratamento da COVID-19

A pesquisa em pauta tem como objetivo o fornecimento de informações sobre os medicamentos em estudo para o tratamento da Covid-19, além de elucidar dados dos parâmetros farmacocinéticos e toxicológicos que possam auxiliar na terapia do paciente acometido com o coronavírus, através de uma análise in silico. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, utilizou-se de ferramentas in silico, empregando os softwares ACD/Chem Sketch (versão 14.0) e Marvin Sketch. A análise dos parâmetros farmacocinéticos e toxicológicos foi feita através do servidor PreADMET, que realiza a predição dos dados baseando-se na relação estrutura/atividade. Para complementar os dados coletados em ferramentas computacionais realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico nas principais bases de dados sobre os parâmetros analisados. Conforme as análises dos resultados ADME os medicamentos abiraterona e brequinar são os que apresentam mais parâmetros farmacocinéticos desejáveis. Alguns dos medicamentos observados demonstraram respostas satisfatórias, em especial a cloroquina, que atendeu ao parâmetro de passagem na BHE, uma vez que o coronavírus vem causando manifestações no SNC, porém esta medicação está relacionada com o crescimento de mortes por arritmias. Já os parâmetros toxicológicos apresentam em sua maioria fármacos não mutagênicos e não carcinogênicos e, em relação ao hERG, a maioria classifica-se como médio risco. Os fármacos empregados no tratamento dos pacientes cardiopatas devem ser escolhidos cuidadosamente, pois alguns deles elevam o risco cardíaco. A ivermectina e a nitazoxanida apresentam metabólitos com potencial mutagênico, portanto, devem ser utilizados com cautela.
Detection of aromatic nitro compounds using preconcentrator and SPR immunosensor

In this study, we report the sensitive detection of aromatic nitro compounds using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) immunosensor based on the indirect competitive method. The vapors from the substances were sampled with a preconcentrator developed here. The solutions of the sampled vapors were measured using SPR immunosensor. Three kinds of explosives such as 2,4-dinitrobenzene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene were detected at 1 ppb. Sampling time at 1 l/min was 3 min. Total detection time was brought down to 5 min, which is relatively short for second scanning in landmine detection. Efforts are being made to integrate the SPR immunosensor and preconcentrator for rapid sensitive detection of nitro aromatic compounds under simulated field conditions.