Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
37. DEPOSITIONAL AND DIAGENETIC BEHAVIOR OF BARIUM IN THE JAPAN SEA1

The barium distribution in sediments and pore fluids from five sites drilled in the Japan Sea have been used to illustrate the geochemical behavior of this element as it pertains paleoproductivity reconstruction s, diagenetic remobilization, and barite precipitation in authigenic fronts. Sites where sulfate is depleted in the pore fluids also show high concentrations of dissolved barium, reflecting dissolution of biogenic barite. The high rate of sedimentation at Sites 798 and 799 results in a rapid sulfate depletion, which in turn leads to barite dissolution and reprecipitation in diagenetic fronts. The dissolved barium distribution at these sites has been used to quantify the rate of barite dissolution; we estimate a first-order rate constant for barite dissolution to be 2 × lO^/s at Site 799 and 2 × 10"7/s at Site 798. Authigenic barite has been documented in sediments from Site 799 at 323 meters below seafloor by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence analysis. These results indicate barite precipitation in a diagenetic front near the zone of sulfate depletion by upward migration of dissolved barium and downward diffusion of sulfate. Barite precipitation has also been inferred at Sites 796 and 798 based on sedimentary and dissolved barium distributions. Sulfate is not depleted in the pore fluids of Site 794. The lack of diagenetic remobilization of biogenic barium at this site preserves the high barium signal associated with the high-productivity sequences deposited during the late Miocene to Pliocene. Significantly, the organic carbon distribution does not indicate high accumulation rates during the periods of high opal and barium deposition. Instead, higher organic carbon accumulations are recorded in the Quaternary and middle Miocene sequences; intervals that are also characterized by deposition of siliciclastic turbidites. The presence of a terrestrial component in the organic carbon record renders barium a more useful indicator than organic carbon for paleoproductivity reconstructions in this marginal sea.
Natural Minimax Players

We study the behavior of professional soccer players playing zero-sum twoperson strategic games in a laboratory setting. We first ask them to play a game that is formally identical to a game situation they face in their natural environment, a setting where they are known to play precisely as the unique equilibrium of the game predicts. We find that these subjects also play in the laboratory as the equilibrium of the game dictates: (i) they equate payoffs across strategies, and (ii) generate sequences of choices that are random. We also find that college students play the same game under identical circumstances in the laboratory quite poorly, far from the equilibrium predictions. We then study the behavior of professional players and college students in the classic O’Neill’s 4x4 zero-sum game, a game that none of the subjects have encountered previously, and find the same drastic differences in behavior between these two subject pools. The transfer of skills and experience from the familiar field to the unfamiliar laboratory observed for professional players in these games represents the first time that any subjects reach a predicted equilibrium immediately in the laboratory. These results are relevant from a methodological perspective to evaluate the circumstances under which behavior in a laboratory setting may be a reliable indicator of behavior in a naturally occurring setting. They are also relevant for cognitive research on inductive reasoning, and for theories of human judgement interested in how experience affects decision making and adapts to different problems and environments.
Recasting coordination: A theoretical review in the context of design-build project organisations

Coordination, and the lack of it, is frequently ascribed as a key role in successful and less successful building processes. Over the last four decades, the understanding of coordination has shifted from emphasizing formal structures to emphasizing informal mechanisms. A review of four articles shows this development as well as how the formal and informal structures and mechanisms relate. The review is done from a perspective of a large design-build project in Denmark. The review indicates, that formal and informal coordination mechanisms alone are not sufficient to explain coordination in practice. The main coordination mechanisms discussed are mutual adjustment, direct supervision, standardization, relational coordination, adaptive capacity, and IT as a tool to accomplish task and impose a chronological rhythm and schedule on the work processes. From this point of departure a new set of coordination mechanisms for practice is developed rooted in current institutional theory. The mechanisms are internal building of an institution and external building of relationships between a number of institutions. The conclusion is that existing literature on coordination does not fully describe the complexity of coordination in an institutionalised design-build organisation and that a new set of coordination mechanisms rooted in institutional theory contributes to our understanding of complex coordination.
Is stockperson welfare essential for animal welfare?

Increasingly, animal welfare (AW) is gaining ground worldwide because of pressure from importing countries, as well as the demand from a more conscious society regarding the living conditions of farm animals. Despite the growing concern about AW, there are few studies of stock person’s welfare and how it might influence AW. The treatment of animals connects to stockpersons’ attitudes and behaviour, which in turn are associated with several human factors such as initial experience in the activity, welfare, quality of working conditions and human-animal relationship. Many authors have investigated this relationship and its association with positive attitudes of stock persons towards animals, which consequently influence AW and productivity. However, currently, there is no highlighted concern about the human issue, as the stock person welfare (SW), believed to be a key aspect of a successful implementation of AW programs. The present work suggests a broader view concerning AW, its relation to SW and the importance of improving both aspects in livestock systems.
Numerical Determination of Truncation Orders in the Correction Method for Stokes Equations

In [15], the authors propose an accurate method, namely the correction method, for computing hydrodynamic interaction between very closed spherical particles in a Stokes uid. The accuracy of this method depends on two truncation parameters for approximating the Neumann to Dirichlet matrix and the velocity correction respectively. In this paper, we establish a numerical determination to estimate these parameters. We perform some numerical experiments to present our method.
Modeling Field Theory of Higher Cognitive Functions

The chapter discusses a mathematical theory of higher cognitive functions, including concepts, emotions, instincts, understanding, imagination and intuition. Mechanisms of the knowledge instinct are proposed, driving our understanding of the world. Aesthetic emotions and perception of beauty are related to “everyday” functioning of the mind. We briefly discuss neurobiological grounds as well as difficulties encountered by previous attempts at mathematical modeling of the mind encountered since the 1950s. The mathematical descriptions below are complemented with detailed conceptual discussions so the content of the chapter can be understood without necessarily following mathematical details. We relate mathematical results and computational examples to cognitive and philosophical discussions of the mind. Relating a mathematical theory to psychology, neurobiology and philosophy will improve our understanding of how the mind works.
What’s in a Name? The Effect of an Artist’s Name on Aesthetic Judgments

Both economists and art historians suggest that the name of the artist is important and belongs with the work. We carried out an experiment to explore the influence that the presence and knowledge of an artist’s name exert on aesthetic judgments. Forty participants (20 students majoring in psychology and 20 in art history) were asked to rank 12 works painted by different artists, some of which bore the name of their actual creators, others not. The results demonstrated that the presence of artists’ names led to higher rankings among psychology majors, but only if they had been attending to the presented names. In contrast, in the case of art students, it was knowledge of the artists that predicted judgments. The results suggest that for people untrained in the visual arts, the presence of a name can function as heuristic cue to denote value.
Do counter-cyclical payments in the 2002 US Farm Act create incentives to produce? ☆

Analytical results in the literature suggest that counter-cyclical payments create risk-related incentives to produce even if they are ‘decoupled’ under certainty [Hennessy, D.A. , 1998. The production effects of agricultural income support polices under uncertainty. Am. J. Agric. Econ. 80, 46–57]. This paper develops a framework to assess the risk-related incentives to produce created by commodity programmes like the loan deficiency payments (LDPs) and the counter-cyclical payments (CCPs) in the 2002 US Farm Act. Because CCPs are paid based on fixed production quantities they have a weaker risk-reducing impact than LDPs. The latter have a direct impact through the variance of the producer price distributions, while the impact of CCPs is due only to the covariance between the CCP and the producer price distributions. The methodology developed by [Chavas, J.-P., Holt, M.T. , 1990. Acreage decisions under risk: the case of corn and soybeans. Am. J. Agric. Econ. 72 (3), 529–538] is applied to calculate the appropriate variance–covariance matrix of the truncated producer price distributions under the 2002 Farm Act. Risk premia are computed showing that the risk-related incentives created by CCPs are significant and do not disappear for levels of production above the base production on which CCPs are paid.
The prevalence of obesity and its relationship with hypertension in an urban community: Data from world kidney day screening programme

Background : Obesity is a global health problem that is linked directly with several disease processes, notably hypertension. Aims : The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight/obesity and to examine its relationship with hypertension in an urban community in a developing country. Materials and Methods : We conducted a cross-sectional survey of participants aged ≥18 in Lagos, an urban community in southwest Nigeria, on every World Kidney Day from 2006 to 2010. Data on age, gender, body mass index, blood pressure and urinalysis were obtained. Results : 1368 participants were studied comprising of 720 (52.6%) males, mean age overall was 41.9± 12.9 years. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 32.7% and 22.2% respectively. Obesity was highest among those in the 45-54years age group and also higher in women compared with men with prevalence rate of 29.5 % in women versus 15.7% in men; X 2 = 37.45, p 65years (58%). Obese subjects had 2.59 increased odds of developing hypertension (95% CI: 1.89 - 3.56). Forty-nine (3.6%) subjects had proteinuria; 4.9% obese subjects versus 2.4% of non-obese subjects had proteinuria; X 2 = 3.87 p = 0.049. Conclusion : This study indicates that hypertension and obesity are highly prevalent in Lagos. Obesity is a strong independent risk factor for hypertension. Therefore concerted efforts should be made to control this unwholesome trend by promoting health education with emphasis on associated risk factors for obesity such as eating habits and weight gain. Keywords : Obesity, overweight, excess weight, hypertension
A comparison of an ensemble of positive/negative pairs and a centered spherical simplex ensemble

The performance of two ensemble centering schemes for the Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (ETKF) ensemble generation scheme were compared. One of the scheme was the common symmetric positive/negative paired centering and the other was the spherical simplex centering. The spherical simplex ETKF ensemble mean was found to be more accurate than the mean of the positive/negative paired ETKF ensemble. It was also observed that the spherical simplex ETKF discriminated a significantly larger range of sample innovation variance than the paired ETKF for 1 day and 2 day forecast lead times.
Sequencing heuristics for storing and retrieving unit loads in 3D compact automated warehousing systems

Sequencing unit-load retrieval requests has been extensively reported on in the literature for conventional single-deep automated warehousing systems. A proper sequence can greatly reduce the makespan when carrying out a group of such requests. Although the sequencing problem is NP-hard, some very good heuristics exist. Surprisingly, the problem has not yet been investigated for compact (multi-deep) storage systems, which have greatly increased in popularity the last decade. This article studies how to sequence a group (or block) of storage and retrieval requests in a multi-deep automated storage system with the objective to minimize the makespan. Currently utilized sequencing heuristics for the multi-deep system are adapted in this article and in addition a new heuristic, Percentage Priority to Retrievals with Shortest Leg (PPR-SL), is proposed and evaluated. It is shown that the PPR-SL heuristic consistently outperforms all of the other heuristics. Generally, it can outperform the benchmark First-Come First-Served (FCFS) heuristic by between 20 and 70%. The nearest neighbor heuristic that performs very well in conventional single-deep storage systems appears to perform poorly in the multi-deep system, even worse than FCFS. In addition, based on FCFS and PPR-SL, robust rack dimensions that yield a short makespan, regardless of the number of storage and retrieval requests, are found.
Experiences in Transplanting Wood Ants into Plantations for Integrated Pest Management

Ants can function efficiently as biocontrol agents in open field horticulture. Temperate wood ants can control forest pests, including species damaging forest regeneration plots and fruit plantations. Thus, they possess potential as biocontrol agents in open field horticulture, if they can persist in these systems. Here we present observationson activity and survival of wood ants transplanted from forests into different types of plantations. Mound fragments were transplanted into a conifer seedling plot, an organic and a conventional Christmas tree plantation, and into an organic apple plantation. Colonies survived at least one year in all types of plantations. In some cases, however, ants moved to new locations or migrated between mound fragments, leaving some inactive. Our compiled experiences suggest that this can be prevented by providing a minimum mound size, keeping a minimum spacing between mounds and incorporation of sand and scent marked wood pieces from donor colonies to imitate naturally occurring nests. We also observed that the ants preyed upon and significantly reduced the number of winter moth larvae (Operophtera brumata – a pest in apple and other fruit orchards) in two of four apple varieties. In conclusion, wood ants were tolerant to highly diferente habitat settings and will likely persist in most types of perennial horticultural systems, if managed properly. As they prey on winter moths and multiple other pest species, they are a potential new biocontrol agent for open agricultural systems.
THE INTERTEMPORAL RELATION BETWEEN MONEY

We study the relationship between money and prices in Argentina for the periods 1976-1989 and 1991-2001, which represent different monetary, fiscal, exchange rate and political regimes. We perform structural unit root tests, apply a filter similar to Lucas (1980), calculate correlations, perform Granger causality tests and estimate VAR models. The results from the two periods are very different and differ from those found for developed countries. The reaction times we get are much shorter and the direction of causality (Granger) for the earlier period is the opposite of that normally encountered in the literature.
Effects of Participation of Micro and Small Enterprises in Microfinance on Their Performance in Kenya

The development of the microfinance sub-sector in Kenya is seen as a favourable catalyst for increasing performance of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs). Despite the development, MSEs continue to suffer from high levels of financial exclusion and shortage of operating funds. This scenarios raise policy questions on whether participation in microfinance has effects on performance of MSEs. While past studies on this relationship have demonstrated that the effects are mixed, an understanding of the effects on participation of microfinance on different segments on MSEs - especially the youth and women owned businesses and age of businesses, is necessary in designing relevant policy changes in the MSE subsector. To address this, the study used the 2016 FinAccess Dataset and estimated these effects using the propensity score matching technique. This model was considered suitable since it accounted for potential endogeneity biases associated with self-selection into participation, unobserved entrepreneurial abilities and risk taking behaviour of MSEs. Apart from showing that participation in microfinance has positive effects on performance of MSEs, the study has demonstrated that there is presence of constraints limiting the impact of microfinance especially in firms owned by the youth and women. As such, there is need for policy and product designs to address these hindrances even as participation in microfinance is encouraged. Based on the results, it is recommended that government and microfinance providers should design policies and products that increase firm participation in microfinance. This may be through scaling up financial literacy programmes and encouraging acquisition of permits. Finally, policy should address obstacles that hinder the youth and women owned MSEs from benefiting from microfinance.
Using Spatial Data Mining to Predict the Solvability Space of Preconditioned Sparse Linear Systems

The solution of large sparse linear systems is one of the most important problems in large scale scientific computing. Among the many methods developed, the preconditioned Krylov subspace methods [1] are considered the preferred methods. Selecting an effective preconditioner with appropriate parameters for a specific sparse linear system presents a challenging task for many application scientists and engineers who have little knowledge of preconditioned iterative methods. The purpose of this paper is to predict the parameter solvability space of the preconditioners with two or more parameters. The parameter solvability space is usually irregular, however, in many situations it shows spatial locality, i.e. the parameter locations that are closer in parameter space are more likely to have similar solvability. We propose three spatial data mining methods to predict the solvability of ILUT which make usage of spatial locality in different ways. The three methods are MSC (multi-points SVM classifier), OSC (overall SVM classifier), and OSAC (overall spatial autoregressive classifier). The experimental results show that both MSC and OSAC can obtain 90% accuracy in prediction, but OSAC is much simpler to implement. We focus our work on ILUT preconditioner [2], but the proposed strategies should be applicable to other preconditioners with two or more parameters.
RELATIVE HUMIDITY MODELING WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

Air humidity has great importance for living beings, especially plants. Air humidity controls vaporisation on earth’s surface and transpiration of plant leaves. Additionally, it prevents most of the radiation from the sun and reflected sun rays from reaching the ground and prevents excessive heating or cooling. The purpose of this study is to predict relative humidity as an important climate parameter, based on annual total precipitation, average ambient temperature, and altitude. Regression and artificial intelligence network models were developed by using monthly average temperature, total precipitation, and altitude parameters obtained from 177 meteorological stations in Turkey to predict relative humidity. When analysed, the model developed with the artificial neural network method had greater predictive power (R = 0.84) than the model developed with multiple linear regression (R = 0.76). In this study may be applicable in climate conditions that are similar to those in Turkey.
Evaluation of Serum Apo B and A-I as Cardiac Biomarkers in Young Adult Population

Clinically normal young adults with no well-known risk factors may present with metabolic syndrome, hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia and type-II diabetes. Age and sex are two non-modifiable risk factors for developing cardiovascular disturbances which may affect the levels of apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A-I. The objective is to study serum apo B and A-I levels in association with the conventional lipid profile parameters in atherogenic dyslipidemia. In this hospital-based prospective study, clinically normal males (n=172) and females (n=188), aged between 20-39 years, divided into two age groups: group-I (20-29 years) and group-II (30-39 years), subjected to overnight fasting had their lipid profile parameters (enzymatic colorimetric assay) along with the serum levels of apoB and apoA-I (immunoturbidimetry method) estimated. Subjects with body mass index (BMI) >30 were excluded from the study. Data was statistically analysed using Chi-square test and ROC curves. ApoB levels showed continuous increase with age in both sexes with males having significantly raised (p<0.01) levels in both groups compared to females. ApoA-I levels declined with increasing age in both sexes and this decline was relatively earlier in males. Within each group females were having relatively raised (p<0.05) apoA-I levels than males. Moderate to strong correlations were observed between serum apoA-I and HDL-C concentrations (p<0.0001) and between serum apoB and LDL-C concentrations (p<0.0001), respectively. ApoB may be a more sensitive measure of atherogenic dyslipidemia than LDL-C and a better index for assessing cardiovascular risk, whereas apoA-I did not add significantly to the estimation of future atherosclerotic vascular risk.