Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent Development in Friction Stir Welding Process: A Review

The Friction stir welding (FSW) is recently presented so to join different materials without the melting process as a solid-state joining technique. A widely application for the FSW process is recently developed in automotive industries. To create the welded components by using the FSW, the plunged probe and shoulder as welding tools are used. The Finite Element Method (FEM) can be used so to simulate and analyze material flow during the FSW process. As a result, thermal and mechanical stresses on the workpiece and welding tool can be analyzed and decreased. Effects of the welding process parameters such as tool rotational speed, welding speed, tool tilt angle, depth of the welding tool, and tool shoulder diameter can be analyzed and optimized so to increase the efficiency of the production process. Material characteristics of welded parts such as hardness or grain size can be analyzed so to increase the quality of part production. Residual stress, strain, deformation, and estimations of the temperatures in the welding area can be predicted using the simulation of FSW in the FEM software. Heat generation, thermal, and thermomechanical analyses can also be implemented on the welded parts to analyze the distribution of temperature and strain in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). Moreover, welding operations of dissimilar metals can be analyzed using numerical simulation to increase the capabilities of the welding methodology in different industrial applications. In this article, a review of the FSW process is presented. As a result, the research filed can be moved forward by reviewing and analyzing recent achievements in the published papers. This article is part of a Special Issue on Lightweighting Materials for Automotive Applications. Downloaded from SAE International by Mohsen Soori, Friday, September 25, 2020
Entrepreneurial cognition, sustainability and venture performance: a machine learning approach

Entrepreneurial process centers on decision-making and action in a context that is characterized as highly uncertain (McMullen and Shepherd, 2006). Effectuation and causation are two complimentary decision-making logics, through which entrepreneurs recognize and exploit entrepreneurial opportunities (Sarasvathy, 2001). Sustainable entrepreneurs aim to balance three types of value, namely social, environmental and economic value, due to their conflicting nature (Hahn et al., 2010; Munoz and Cohen, 2018). By so far, there have limited evidence about the circumstances, under which conditions effectuation and causation generate gains and losses, especially in the context of sustainable entrepreneurship. This study addresses this question by applying machine learning approach, namely artificial neural network, to analyze 301 Finnish SMEs from multiple industries. The results of the analysis suggest three distinctive mindsets combining value creation potential perceptions and decision-making logics. These results contribute both the entrepreneurial decision-making and sustainable entrepreneurship research.
Effects of demographic stochasticity and life-history strategies on times and probabilities to fixation: an individual-based model

Previous works has suggested that the harmonic mean population size can summarize the consequences of demographic fluctuations on the genetic frequencies of populations. We test this hypothesis by studying a model in which the demography and genetic composition of the population are both determined by the behavior of the individuals within the population. We propose an effective population size that allows us to compare our model with the classical Wright-Fisher diffusion both for neutral alleles and those under selection. We find that using our approximation for the effective population size, the Wright-Fisher diffusion provides good results for the times to absorption and probabilities of fixation of a given neutral allele and in cases where selection is not too strong. However, the times and laws to fixation are not always well predicted due to large fluctuations in population size caused by small growth rates or strong competition between individuals, that cannot be captured by the constant population size approximation. The discrepancy between our model and the Wright-Fisher diffusion is accentuated in the presence of demo-genetic feed-back. Our results imply that the Wright-Fisher diffusion is not appropriate when studying probabilities and times to fixation in long-lived species with low reproductive rates.
The synonymy of Parasesarma foresti (Rahayu & Davie, 2002) with P. indiarum (Tweedie, 1940) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae)

Two Southeast Asian species of Parasesarma De Man, 1895, P. indiarum (Tweedie, 1940) and P. foresti (Rahayu & Davie, 2002), have been reported to be morphologically and genetically very similar. Present comparisons of a range of material show the two species to be identical in male chelar dactylar tuberculation, pleon, and first gonopod characters, all typically used to separate close sibling species in this genus. CO1 genetic distances between the two putative species are also too low to be regarded as interspecific. Parasesarma foresti is thus here regarded as a junior subjective synonym of P. indiarum.
Improve Hygienic Quality of Egyptian Karish Cheese Employing Isolated Antagonistic Lactobacilli Strains

Good health is one of the sustainable development goals. This study aims to improve hygienic quality of Karish Egyptian traditional cheese, using two wild antagonistic Lactobacilli isolates used as individual starter cultures; KP623 (Lb. plantarum) and KP654 (Lb. delbrueckii subsp. lactis) isolated from Karish cheese to keep autochthonous properties and function as bio-preservatives to extend shelf life. Collected Karish cheese samples were micro-biologically analyzed. Two isolates; KP623 and KP654 were selected for application out of thirty-seven Lactobacilli lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated strains and identified via 16S rRNA approach. Collected Karish samples reflected their inferior quality containing high counts of coliform, Staphylococcus spp. , yeasts and molds (5.18, 2.51 and 4.95 Log10 CFU g -1 respectively). Employing the two antagonistic isolates enhanced both microbial quality and organoleptic properties. Results encourage recommending the two Lactobacilli strains as starter cultures for safe products avoiding human illness and economic losses. Original Research Article Allam et al.; ARRB, 19(2): 1-13, 2017; Article no.ARRB. 37116 2
Transition from laminar to turbulent dynamo: the effect of varying Prandtl number

We carry out numerical dynamo simulations in a spherical shell to assess the influence of varying Prandtl number on the morphology of the induced magnetic field in both cases when the convection is laminar and turbulent. We work in a regime of large magnetic Prandtl number ( ) due to computational constraints of the full three-dimensional numerical model. We consider dynamos driven by thermal convection in the regimes of small and unit Prandtl numbers. Unlike the laminar convection, in the turbulent regime the morphology of the induced magnetic fields depends only weakly on the Prandtl number. For both values of considered the magnetic field is non-dipolar and small-scale. Together with the previous results of other authors, who found that the morphology of the magnetic field does not change substantially with when is small, the results of our study suggest that the induced magnetic field does not vary substantially with regardless of the strength of the magnetic diffusion.
msocc: Fit and analyse computationally efficient multi‐scale occupancy models in r

Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling is a promising tool for the detection of rare and cryptic taxa, such as aquatic pathogens, parasites and invasive species. Environmental DNA sampling workflows commonly rely on multi‐stage hierarchical sampling designs that induce complicated dependencies within the data. This complex dependence structure can be intuitively modelled with Bayesian multi‐scale occupancy models. However, current software for such models are computationally demanding, impeding their use. We present an r package, msocc, that implements a data augmentation strategy to fit fully Bayesian, computationally efficient multi‐scale occupancy models. The msocc package allows users to fit multi‐scale occupancy models, to estimate and visualize posterior summaries of site, sample and replicate‐level occupancy, and to compare different models using Bayesian information criterion. Additionally, we provide a supplemental web application that allows users to investigate study design for multi‐scale occupancy models and acts as a graphical user interface to the msocc package. The utility of the msocc package is illustrated on a published dataset and the functions in msocc are compared to the primary Bayesian toolkit for multi‐scale occupancy modelling, eDNAoccupancy, using various computational benchmarks. These benchmarks indicate that msocc is capable of fitting models 50 times faster than eDNAoccupancy. We hope that access to software that efficiently fits, analyses and conducts study design investigations for multi‐scale occupancy models facilitates their implementation by the research and wildlife management communities.
Response of maize stemborers and associated parasitoids to the spread of grasses in the rainforest zone of Kisangani, DR Congo: effect on stemborers biological control

The challenge with respect to nourishing the human population should be met in the context of global environmental change. Land‐use change has the potential to affect insect pest–natural enemy interactions. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the rainforest zone is subjected to intense anthropogenic disturbances that lead to the spread of habitats with a higher proportion of grasses in the landscape. Such a land‐use change raises the question of its effects on the biological control of insect pests. The proximity of varying vegetation types around agroecosystems is expected to influence species fitting differently and hence the population dynamics of insect pests and their biological control. Thus, the response of maize stemborers and their parasitoids to the spread of habitats with a higher proportion of grasses was assessed along an anthropogenic disturbance gradient in the rainforest zone of Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo. The present study identified a decreased density of stemborers and infestation rates on maize as a result of an increased larval/pupal parasitism in wild habitats as the amount of grasses increased in the landscape. This effect was attributed to an increased parasitoid diversity subsequent to the settlement of an abundant and diverse stemborer community in wild habitats.
Impact of Social Network Usage on Academic Performance of the Vietnamese Students

Social networks and communication on the Internet have an important role in people's daily life worldwide. This paper examines the impact of Social network usage on the Academic performance of students. The research data were collected from a stratified sampling survey including 576 Vietnamese undergraduate students. The research model has five independent variables (Perceived usefulness, Perceived ease of use, Social influences, Facilitating conditions, Community identity), one mediating variable (Social network usage), and one dependent variable (Academic performance). The study methods include the Cronbach's alpha test, the Exploratory factor analysis, the Confirmatory factor analysis, and the Structural equation modeling are employed to quantitatively analyze the relationship among variables. The result finds that there are positive and significant impacts of Perceived usefulness, Perceived ease of use, Social influences, Community identity on Social network usage. The impact of Facilitating conditions on Social network usage is positive, however, it is not significant. The result also concludes that there is a positive and significant impact of Social network usage on the Academic performance of students. Besides, the empirical statistical data indicates that social networks are really a popular and familiar tool for helping students to communicate with each other in Vietnam. Finally, the study result suggests that educational managers may use social networks as an informal tool to enhance not only the academic performance of students but also other educational activities in universities.
Reducing cuckoo parasitism risk via informed habitat choices

ABSTRACT Brood parasitism incurs severe fitness costs for hosts. Diverse host adaptations to avoid parasitism exist at various stages of the host breeding cycle, but the literature suggests that egg-stage defenses are the most evolved. Fitness costs of parasitism would be minimized if hosts avoided parasitism prior to egg laying, but it remains unclear whether hosts are able to reduce parasitism risk via informed habitat choices. We conducted a playback experiment to examine the capability of forest passerine birds to perceive vocal cues of the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) to estimate local parasitism risk and adjust their breeding-habitat choices accordingly. The density of open-nesting host species was considerably lower in sites of high perceived parasitism risk than in control sites. Hosts thus seem able to reduce parasitism risk through informed breeding-habitat choices, but this behavior is restricted to open-nesting hosts. Cavity-nesting hosts did no+t respond to the simulated increase in parasitism risk, nor did bird species that are not known as regular Common Cuckoo hosts. Informed habitat selection as an adaptation against parasitism may have important implications for parasite–host coevolutionary interactions, via reduced selection for later-stage host adaptations, and for bird community structure in general.
Super‐abundant C4 grasses are a mixed blessing in restored prairies

Forbs comprise most of the plant diversity in North American tallgrass prairie and provide vital ecosystem services, but their abundance in prairie restorations is highly variable. Restoration practitioners typically sow C4 grasses in high abundances because they are inexpensive, provide fuel for prescribed fires, can dominate reference sites, and suppress weeds that suppress sown forbs. However, C4 grasses can also suppress sown forbs, calling this practice into question. We evaluated how C4 grasses influence the abundance and diversity of sown forbs in 78 restored prairies across Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan. We found that the direct negative effects of C4 grasses on sown forbs outweighed indirect positive effects that occurred as C4 grasses suppressed nonsown species, which in turn suppressed sown forbs. This pattern was especially strong for the C4 grass big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii). Therefore, strategies to promote big bluestem and other C4 grasses would not promote sown forbs. Although C4 grass cover was not strongly related to two hypothesized drivers (time since fire or site age), seeding density of C4 grasses increased their cover. Sown forb cover also increased with forb seeding density, increased indirectly with fire (through its negative effect on nonsown species), and decreased indirectly with soil water‐holding capacity (through its positive effect on nonsown species). These results highlight the complex interplay of species groups during grassland restoration and show how managers can promote sown forbs in restored prairies: increasing forb seeding density and reducing time since fire and the abundance of C4 grasses and weeds.
Solar Cycles in Salvage Logging: National Data from the Czech Republic Confirm Significant Correlation

Forest ecosystems in Europe undergo cyclic fluctuations with alternating periods of forest prosperity and disturbances. Forest disturbances are caused by large-scale calamities (climate-induced and unforeseen events) resulting in an increased volume of salvage logging. In recent decades, climate change (warming, long-term droughts, more frequent storms, bark beetle outbreaks) has contributed to an increased frequency of salvage logging. However, until now, it has not been revealed what triggers national-scale forest calamities. All of the above-mentioned natural disturbances are connected to solar activity, which is the driver of climate change. This research relates the total volume of harvested timber and salvage logging to the climate and cosmic factors in the Czech Republic, Central Europe. Data of total and salvage logging are compared with air temperatures, precipitation, extreme climatic events, sunspot areas, and cosmic ray intensities. The results document a significant effect of average annual temperatures on the total and salvage logging for the entire period of observations since 1961. A significant correlation of salvage logging to the sunspot area and cosmic ray intensity was observed. The link between salvage logging and sunspots and cosmic ray intensity is supported by spectral analysis in which a significant 11-year cycle was observed since 1973. The results also show an increasing significant effect of sunspots and cosmic ray intensity on logging in recent years in connection with synergism of extreme climate events and the subsequent bark beetle outbreaks. Space and cosmic effects are factors that substantially influence forest ecosystems. Therefore, this paper provides new knowledge about, and possible predictions of, the forest response under climate change.
Evaluation of phytochemical potential on flower of Peltophorum pterocarpum

Phytochemical evaluation is a valuable step in the finding of bioactive composite present in medicinal plants. The Peltophorum pterocarpum flower extracts and its solvent fractionates was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening using standard phytochemical tests. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of phytochemicals. Soxhlet apparatus was used for the organic solvent extraction. These investigations revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, terpenoids, phenols, curcumins and glycosides in the flower of the plant extracts. The presence of various bioactive compounds confirms the application of P. pterocarpum for various ailments by traditional practitioners. However, isolation of individual phytochemical constituents may proceed to find a novel drug.
Co-Processing of [Fe(NH2trz)3](2ns)2 and UHMWPE into Materials Combining Spin Crossover and High Mechanical Strength

The coordination polymer [Fe(NH2trz)3](2ns)2 (NH2trz = 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole and 2ns− = counterion 2-naphthalene sulfonate) exhibits the rare phenomenon of spin crossover in an attractive temperature range, i.e., somewhat above room temperature. Spin crossover in [Fe(NH2trz)3](2ns)2 is manifested by thermochromism, which is accompanied by a magnetic transition from diamagnetism to paramagnetism. However, [Fe(NH2trz)3](2ns)2 is brittle and difficult to process, which limits its use. In this study, we show that [Fe(NH2trz)3](2ns)2 can be co-processed with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), which possesses outstanding mechanical properties, particularly when tensile-drawn. Therefore, [Fe(NH2trz)3](2ns)2–UHMWPE blends were gel-processed by extrusion, employing a relatively poor solvent, which has recently been shown to offer advantages compared to good solvents. Uniform and flexible films, ribbons and fibers with [Fe(NH2trz)3](2ns)2 fractions as high as 33.3% m/m were obtained that could be readily drawn. Spin crossover in the coordination polymer is retained in these materials, as evident from their thermochromism. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the blends exceed those of typical commodity polymers. Thus, the films, ribbons and fibers constitute a special class of multifunctional materials that combine the flexibility and excellent mechanical properties of drawn UHMWPE with the spin crossover behavior of [Fe(NH2trz)3](2ns)2.
An Integrative Framework for Detecting Structural Variations in Cancer Genomes

Structural variants can contribute to oncogenesis through a variety of mechanisms, yet, despite their importance, the identification of structural variants in cancer genomes remains challenging. Here, we present an integrative framework for comprehensively identifying structural variation in cancer genomes. For the first time, we apply next-generation optical mapping, high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C), and whole genome sequencing to systematically detect SVs in a variety of cancer cells. Using this approach, we identify and characterize structural variants in up to 29 commonly used normal and cancer cell lines. We find that each method has unique strengths in identifying different classes of structural variants and at different scales, suggesting that integrative approaches are likely the only way to comprehensively identify structural variants in the genome. Studying the impact of the structural variants in cancer cell lines, we identify widespread structural variation events affecting the functions of non-coding sequences in the genome, including the deletion of distal regulatory sequences, alteration of DNA replication timing, and the creation of novel 3D chromatin structural domains. These results underscore the importance of comprehensive structural variant identification and indicate that non-coding structural variation may be an underappreciated mutational process in cancer genomes.
Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Cultures to Assess Safety of New Drugs and Chemicals

The central nervous system (CNS) is a central pillar in safety pharmacology studies of new drugs. Characterization of serious adverse drug reactions to a new chemical entity involves extensive investigation using in vitro and in vivo models. However, primary culture of human neurons in vitro can be challenging, giving limited sample availability. Additionally, the inter-species differences between humans and current animal models impose a considerable obstacle to successfully predict the outcome of new drugs. New technologies also need to help address the 3Rs principles in animal research. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) have the potential to change the current paradigm in pharmacological research. By using hPSCs and state-of-the-art differentiation protocols, researchers now have available an unlimited source of neural cells, able to mimic early and late stage of human CNS development. Moreover, hPSC-derived cells can be used at early stages of drug development, improving clinical predictability and reducing overall drug development costs. This chapter covers the advancements that resulted in hPSC- derived models intended to enable neurotoxicity assessment and drug screening. Finally, this chapter will also reveal the bottlenecks and the challenges to overcome of using hPSC as a predictive tool in research.