Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategies and Challenges in Measuring Protein Abundance Using Stable Isotope Labeling and Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful method for identifying proteins, and modern mass spectrometers are capable of remarkable speed, resolution and sensitivity. A single tandem mass spectrometry experiment can now lead to the identification and quantitation of thousands of proteins down to sub-femtomolar concentrations. Tandem mass spectrometry experiments generally involve extraction of proteins from cells, biofluid, or tissue followed by digestion of proteins to peptides, separation of peptides on an HPLC, and direct injection into a mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). The mass spectrometer measures the mass of each peptide ion (MS1) and selected ions are fragmented (MS/MS or MS2). Mass and fragmentation spectra of each peptide are compared against predicted peptide fragmentation spectra from the known proteome by database search engines (reviewed in Aebersold and Mann 2003). LC-MS/MS instruments also record peptide ion intensities, offering the potential for direct measurement of peptide concentration and thereby protein abundance. However, the extent of ionization of peptides by electrospray ionization is dependent on peptide sequence and modification, elution conditions, complexity of the sample, and other factors. As a result, the absolute intensities of ions derived from nonidentical peptides cannot provide accurate or direct quantitation. Approaches such as peptide ion chromatogram extraction and spectral counting have been developed to obtain relative quantitation of protein abundance (Ono et al. 2006; Fischer et al. 2006; Tang et al. 2006; Paoletti et al. 2006; Listgarten and Emili 2005; Wiener et al. 2004; Wang, Wu, Zeng, et al. 2006). Collectively termed “label-free” quantitation, these approaches require extensive analysis of reference samples and/or significant data redundancy, often requiring many hours of mass spectrometry time per sample. Although highly promising, label-free approaches remain impractical for users lacking access to dedicated mass spectrometry instrumentation and advanced informatic approaches. Stable isotope labeling provides an attractive alternative to label-free approaches. Stable isotopes are sufficiently stable to be non-radioactive. They have equal numbers of protons as their parental element but they differ in mass by the difference in the number of neutrons. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur have two or more isotopes with measurable abundance in Nature. For example, carbon is found as the predominant “light” isotope 12C
Ethical and sustainable consumption in the Italian coffee market: a choice experiment to analyse consumers’ willingness to pay

Consumers increasingly consider ethical and sustainable attributes of products in their purchasing decisions, in particular with reference to food consumption. Among agri-food products, coffee is a pioneering food for sustainability and ethical certification, such as organic and Fair Trade, whose success depends significantly on consumers’ willingness to pay a premium price for these attributes. This study uses a choice experiment (CE) to investigate the attitudes towards organic and Fair Trade coffee among Italian consumers. The results show considerable heterogeneity among respondents, the majority of whom tend to be more interested in organic coffee than Fair Trade coffee, even if a large group of them are willing to pay a premium price to consume Fair Trade coffee.
Corporate Governance, Valuation and Performance: Evidence from a Voluntary Market Reform in Brazil

In December 2000, the Sao Paulo Stock Exchange launched a new premium market segment for companies that voluntarily commit to "good practices of corporate governance. " We construct a composite index (NM6) that combines six proxies for the main governance practices targeted by Bovespa’s reform. We find that higher scores for our index are related to greater market value but not to better operating performance. An investment strategy that purchased stocks of firms with high NM6 and sold stocks of firms with low NM6 would have earned abnormal returns of 10.68% per year from 2001 to 2005.
Correlation of Serum Ferritin with Components of Metabolic Synd rome and its Relationship with the Insulin Resistance in Men and Women

Background: Raised serum ferritin levels are associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, prediabetic stage, metabolic syndrome (Mets) and cardiovascular risk. The association between Serum ferritin and HbA1c levels with individual components of metabolic syndrome and obesity are unclear. Objectives: The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between serum ferritin levels, fasting Blood glucose levels, waist Hip ratio, fasting insulin levels, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), and lipid profile in previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, newly diagnosed patients, impaired fasting glucose subjects and healthy subjects and relationship among iron stores, the metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance in premenopausal women, postmenopausal women and men. Subjects and methods: 1058 participants included in this study out of them 365 patients with previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus having poor glycemic control and good glycemic control, 144 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, 189 participants with impaired fasting glucose levels and 360 healthy participants. Fasting blood glucose, Serum ferritin, serum insulin, HbA1c waist hip ratio, and lipid parameters were estimated and Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Results: Dichotomizing ferritin concentration in to 300 ng/ml for men and 150 ng/ml for women, the odd ratios for newly diagnosed diabetes were 4.94 (95% CI 3.05-8.01) for men 3.61 (2.01-6.48) for women. All multiple linear regression coefficients between ferritin concentration and concentration of insulin, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin were positive and significant for men and postmenopausal women. Conclusion: On basis of present studies results, it is concluded that hyperferritinaemia and iron overload may be the primary cause of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome before overt type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Long-run relationship between crop-biodiversity and cereal production under the CAP reform: evidence from Italian regions

Biodiversity has a prominent role in defining and preserving ecosystem well-being; the analysis of biodiversity effects on agricultural production is well documented. The paper offers empirical evidence on the role of intra-species biodiversity in sustaining cereal production within Italian regions, covering a time span (1989-2007) which accounts for the important CAP policy reforms. A Cobb-Douglas production function that includes both biodiversity and subsidies as control variables is estimated for 20 Italian regions, controlling for both cross-sectional heterogeneity and the dynamic structure of agricultural production. Different estimation methods are compared, including Mean Group and Pooled Mean Group estimators which allow for the possibility of potential non stationarity of the series and heterogeneous parameters across-groups. We find clear evidence of significant long-run relationships between biodiversity and cereal production; moreover, the evidence on the role of PAC intervention measures is less clear-cut, showing a potentially negative effect on production along the period under analysis that can be attributed to the aforementioned policy shift.
“There’s Nothing Wrong with Fun”: Unpacking the Tensions and Challenges of Human Centered Design for Learning with Pre-Service Teachers

Research into practices of making within formalized education has primarily focused on K12 settings, inservice teachers in professional development, and pre-service teachers facilitating a maker experience for K12 students. Less is known about the professionalizing impact making and human centered design can have on pre-service teachers, especially in relation to how or if the experience deepens their understanding of content, pedagogy and human centered design. This study traces a group of pre-service social science teachers’ development of a meme generator to support learning history. By studying their process from inception to conclusion, we found students were less inclined to engage in deep thinking about their content and the teaching of that content in favor of a fun-focused approach to their prototype which they asserted both connected with history lovers and solved the problem of “boring content. ” We then theorize that students’ limited amount of pedagogical knowledge, limited exposure to human centered design, and a lack of course scaffolds contributed to an echo-chamber which limited students’ ability to cultivate the empathy inherent in prototyping and making. Finally we outline the instructional implications for using human centered design with preservice teachers and describe the course maker project redesigns this study prompted. Background: Research into practices of making within formalized education has primarily focused on K12 settings (Hira, Joslyn, & Hynes, 2014), inservice teachers in professional development (Paganelli et al., 2016), and pre-service teachers facilitating a maker experience for K12 students (O’ Brien, Hansen, & Harlow, 2016). Less is known about the impact the maker movement has on pre-service teachers, especially in relation to how they relate the design experience to their developing understanding of pedagogy and content. Further, studies often focus on the end result of the project as instantiations of learning (Jones, Smith, & Cohen, 2017; Halverson & Sheridan, 2014), and not the process of collaborative making. Our inquiry examines student experiences from inception to conclusion to better understand student growth, and learning. Making, prototyping, and human centered design for learning affords students alternative, potentially generative pathways into the ideas, theories, and concepts related to their discipline. Empathy, the intentional concentration on user’s needs, desires, and goals (Zoltowski, Oakes & Cardella, 2012) is the first step in human centered design, and sets the trajectory for the entire project. For teachers, human centered design encourages them to gather information about their users, in this case, students, the challenges involved in learning a particular concept, and apply that to their design. Providing pre-service teachers the opportunity to explore the complexity of designing for learners allows them to better apply empathy in their teaching.
A Review of Lempel Ziv Compression Techniques

With increasing amount of text data being stored, efficient information retrieval and Storage in the compressed domain has become a major concern. I have studied various Compression algorithms like LZ77 and LZ78. During the study I noticed that the Dictionary based Compression algorithms have several drawbacks. This Paper direct several key issues to the dictionary based LZW algorithm existing today. In contrast to the Previous LZW ,we would like to improve LZW algorithm in future which definitely get good results like: Better compression ratio , time taken for searching in the dictionary for pattern matching in encoding and decoding got reduced and dictionary size become Dynamic. In the future we would like to present modifications possible in existing Lempel Ziv Welch Algorithm by changing its Data structure.
Operator Inequalities of Morrey Spaces Associated with Karamata Regular Variation

Karamata regular variation is a basic tool in stochastic process and the boundary blow-up problems for partial differential equations (PDEs). Morrey space is closely related to study of the regularity of solutions to elliptic PDEs. The aim of this paper is trying to bring together these two areas and this paper is intended as an attempt at motivating some further research on these areas. A version of Morrey space associated with Karamata regular variation is introduced. As application, some estimates of operators, especially one-sided operators, on these spaces are considered.
3.Automatic Network Emotion Recognition Method and Its Application in Online Text Emotion Classification

In recent years, text emotion analysis has become one of the important research directions in the field of natural language processing. It analyzes the attitudes, opinions and emotions of the information publishers, which can be widely applied in the fields of product evaluation and public opinion monitoring. This paper takes Chinese twitter data as the statistical object and finds that the traditional methods based on co-occurrence, such as point mutual information, have a limited effect on the discovery of emotional neologisms in Chinese twitter data. Thus, we design a network text classification system based on SVM to describe the structure and work flow of the system. The key technologies of this system include the construction of sentiment dictionary, the selection of sentiment characteristics, the calculation of sentiment value, the sentiment classification of web text and the structure of the device conducted in-depth analysis and research. Experiments show that this method is superior to the traditional co-occurrence based method. In addition, it is found that Chinese emotion words usually appear as noun, while co-occurrence methods cannot effectively distinguish these kinds of emotion words, which is the main reason for their limited effectiveness.
Does Owning Your Home Make You Happier? Impact Evidence from Latin America

In this working paper, the authors present evidence that homeowners are happier than non-homeowners and it is homeownership that causes the difference in happiness. The data used is from seventeen Latin American countries obtained from the LatinBarometer surveys. The association between homeownership and happiness is measured by an ordered logit regression with a comprehensive set of socio-demographic control variable with errors clustered at year and country. Happiness and ownership are positively and statistically significantly related. Causality is determined through nonparametric impact measure via the propensity score matching technique. Homeownership causes increased happiness. The impact result is robust to the problem of hidden bias. The impact conclusion also holds in a meta-impact approach where impacts are calculated for each country separately. Owning your home makes you happier, at least in Latin America.
Dynamics of productivity in naturally structured macroalgal assemblages: importance of canopy structure on light-use efficiency

Macroalgae are undoubtedly a major supplier of organic carbon to marine food webs, yet few studies have attempted to examine primary production in complex macroalgal communities. Many studies have tested the photosynthetic characteristics of single species with little attention given to the associated algal assemblages. The role of canopy structure and species diversity in these assemblages will help in understanding the role of biodiversity in enhancing ecosystem function. In the present study, photosynthesis-irradiance relationships (P-E curves) of intact intertidal algal assemblages showed no signs of saturation at high irradiance levels, as is typically seen in single- species curves. Canopy-forming species appear to play a vital role in enhancing overall assemblage net photosynthesis, particularly at high irradiances (>1500 µmol m -2 s -1 ), with the loss of canopy species causing up to a 50% decline in the photosynthetic rate of assemblages. There is also evidence that the mechanisms of light use are significantly different in intact assemblages because they do not act as the sum of their parts at high irradiance levels. Furthermore, with greater structural com- plexity, net photosynthesis of the assemblage is enhanced, particularly at high irradiance. The present study demonstrates the importance of using realistic species compositions and assemblage structure to identify the potential mechanisms enhancing function with increasing diversity. A better understanding of light-use efficiency within macroalgal communities underpins the role of biodiver- sity and community structure in these ecosystems and the potential effects of species loss on various forms of ecosystem function.
Genetic and physical mapping of flowering time loci in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

We identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying variation for flowering time in a doubled haploid (DH) population of vernalisation responsive canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars Skipton and Ag-Spectrum and aligned them with physical map positions of predicted flowering genes from the Brassica rapa genome. Significant genetic variation in flowering time and response to vernalisation were observed among the DH lines from Skipton/Ag-Spectrum. A molecular linkage map was generated comprisi .
Principal’s Transformational Leadership and Teachers’ Affective Commitment in Primary Cluster Schools in Selangor

Leadership quality exerted by school principals is undeniably a crucial constituent in ascertaining commitment among teachers. Furthermore, commitment among school teachers is closely associated to various duties and obligations, with an innovative attitude in the light of school development. As such, this study investigates the influence of principal transformational leadership practices on teacher affective commitment in primary cluster schools located in Selangor. This study employed a quantitative methodology using self-administered questionnaires on 331 teachers from primary cluster schools around Selangor. The findings indicted a statistically significant and positive moderate correlation between principal transformational leadership practices and teacher affective commitment. Multiple regression analysis revealed that strengthening school culture appears to be the sole dimension of transformational leadership that is statistically significant in predicting teacher affective commitment. Finally, the findings obtained from this study can function as a reference among school principals in determining the effect of transformational leadership, as well as the significance of strengthening school culture to boost teachers’ affective commitment from the perspective of primary cluster schools in Selangor.
Relation between a temperature-sweep dynamic shear test and functional properties of cheeses

Relationships between functional properties and variables obtained with a temperature- sweep dynamic shear test of twenty different varieties of cheese were evaluated. Flowability was assessed using a modified Schreiber test and stretchability by a method involving vertical traction. The dynamic shear test provides a typical profile for each cheese variety, a profile that might be related to the different cheese-making processes, and especially to the heating and mechanical treatments influencing further the response of the cheese matrix by itself in conditions of cooking use. Principal component analysis (PCA) gave evidence of complex and non-linear relationships between the characteristics of the dynamic shear profile and the stretchability or meltability indices. A significant, but weak, link between pH and stretchability was observed. PCA separated cheeses by their cheese-making technology. The effects of the technological factors for the different types of cheese varieties on their functional properties suggest the possibility either of predicting these properties or of changing the processes in order to create new products with new functionalities. Functional property / dynamic shear test / Schreiber test / stretchability test / cheese
Sleep improvement for restless legs syndrome patients. Part IV: meta-analysis comparison of effect sizes of vibratory stimulation sham pads and placebo pills

License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress. com/permissions.php Journal of Parkinsonism and Restless Legs Syndrome 2014:4 35–40 Journal of Parkinsonism and Restless Legs Syndrome Dovepress
Analyze of LNG Generation Investment Cost Under Market Linkage Mechanism

The paper sets up a model of investing liquefied natural gas(LNG) power generation replac- ing existing fuel power generation based on real option theory.The model considering three uncertain fac- tors:existing coal-fired power generation cost, carbon price and LNG power generation cost.From the per- spective of power generation enterprises,we model and analyze the value of cost of LNG power generation replacing coal-fired power generation.In the simulation part, through the path simulation ,we give the natural gas power generation, the original coal and the carbon price under random paths change curve, and gives sev- eral uncertain factors under a single path path.This study from the perspective of power generation enterprise modeling analysis, the conclusions will help the power generation enterprise value assessment of LNG power generation project, and help them decide whether to invest in the project.
Economic development, finance and liberalisation: a survey and some unresolved issues

The financial sector has always played a central role in the development of market capitalist economies, but analysis of the precise nature of this role has been hampered by the emphasis on `real' factors in the main stream of economic thought and the static nature of financial theory. Strategies for financial liberalisation are now broadly taken to be a pivotal aspect of the economic reforms necessary in developing economies. Any such liberalisation in this sector must be seen in the context of the acute problems of asymmetric information and the need for resolute policies promoting competition and disclosure of information.
Transitory and Permanent Volatility Components: The Case of the Middle East Stock Markets

Recent research has suggested that returns volatility may contain both short-run and long-run components due to the existence of heterogeneous information flows or heterogeneous agents (Andersen and Bollerslev 1997a, 1997b; Muller et al., 1997). This paper investigates the existence of such volatility decomposition in daily index returns data for nine emerging markets in the Middle East region using the permanent-transitory component variance model of Engle and Lee (1993). The existence of a component structure to volatility is supported by the existence of a transitory component to volatility and a permanent volatility that decays over a much longer horizon in three markets in the Middle East, namely Jordan, Oman, and Saudi Arabia. The component model was able to capture all structure within the data for Saudi Arabia on the basis of residual tests. However, some structure in the residuals remains in the Oman and Jordan markets.