Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of organized mesoscale heating on the MJO and precipitation in E3SMv1

Mesoscale organization of convection is typically not represented in global circulation models, and hence its influence on the global circulation is not accounted for. A parameterization aiming at representing the dynamical and physical effects of the circulation associated with organized convection, referred to as the multiscale coherent structure parameterization (MCSP), is implemented in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1 (E3SMv1). Simulations are conducted to assess its impact on the simulated climate. Besides E3SMv1 simulations, we performed high-resolution (1 km) simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to determine the temperature tendencies induced by mesoscale convective systems embedded in deep convection. We tuned the free parameters of the MCSP based on the WRF simulations. We found that the MCSP enhances Kevin wave spectra in E3SMv1, improves the representation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation, and reduces model precipitation biases over the tropical Pacific.
Sinkhole Avoidance Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract : Wireless sensor networks, or WSNs, are an emerging commercial technology that may have practical applications on the modern battlefield. A wireless sensor network consists of individual sensor nodes that work cooperatively to collect and communicate environmental data. In a surveillance role, a WSN could be deployed across a geographic area of interest, allowing military commanders to monitor enemy troop positions and movements. Wireless sensor networks have enormous potential as an information gathering tool, but they also present many unique challenges to security engineers. An adversary can easily capture and tamper with one of the many unguarded sensor nodes to disrupt or significantly degrade the quality of surveillance that the WSN provides. This project examined potential attacks against WSNs and developed a modified routing protocol that increases the overall data integrity and reliability of wireless sensor networks. Due to battery limitations of individual sensor nodes, many WSN protocols seek to conserve power by simplifying computations and reducing the number of radio transmissions required for communication. These practices allow the WSN to have a longer life expectancy; however, such protocols are easy targets for enemy exploitation. In what is known as a sinkhole attack, a comprised sensor node is maliciously used to alter the wireless mesh of a sensor network for the purpose of disrupting the logical flow of information across the network. The purpose of this project is to minimize the disruption from such an attack. We have proposed modifications to an existing tree based routing protocol so that it attempts to avoid sinkholes and increase the over-all data throughput of the network by sacrificing some of the networks transmission efficiency. The efficacy of the project's proposed sinkhole avoidance strategy is also supported through the use of software based WSN network simulations.
Machine Learning for Inferring CO2 Fluxes: The New Metaphysics of Neural Nets

The advent of direct high-resolution global surface measurements of CO 2 from the recently launched NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) satellite offers an opportunity to improve the estimate of Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) over land. Long-term measurements of CO 2 flux obtained from eddy covariance instruments on Flux towers show large annual differences with NEE calculated by inverse methods using Land Surface Photosynthetic models. This suggests consideration of alternative approaches for calculating seasonal to annual global CO 2 flux over land. Recent advances in deep machine learning models, including recurrent neural nets, have been successfully applied to many inverse measurement problems in the Earth and space sciences. We present evaluations of two deep machine learning models for estimating CO 2 flux or NEE using station tower data acquired from the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM), AmeriFlux and Fluxnet2015 station datasets. Our results indicate that deep learning models employing Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) with the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) provide significantly more accurate predictions of CO 2 flux (~22% -28% improvements) than Feed Forward Neural Nets (FFNN) in terms of Root Mean Square Errors, correlation coefficients and anomaly correlations with observations. It was found that using heat flux as input variables also produce more accurate CO 2 flux or NEE predictions. A non-intuitive machine learning metaphysical result was observed by the omission of CO 2 concentrations as an input variable. Neural net models, in most cases, produce comparable accuracies of CO 2 flux or NEE inferences, when trained with and without CO2 for the same station data.
Short Term Traffic Prediction Models

Short-term prediction of traffic conditions is one of the central topics in contemporary ITS research and practice. However, it is hard to select the most appropriate traffic prediction method for one particular application. The aim of this study is to provide taxonomy of all different approaches reported in literature as a practical reference for ITS professionals and researchers. It is concluded that apart from traffic simulation models only few methods are used for network wide predictions, while this is necessary for most practical applications (e.g. in-car navigation). Second, there appears to be no single best method. It is suggested that instead of developing more methods future research should focus on combining models into one network-wide application. For the covering abstract see ITRD E140665.
Validation of Rotorcraft Flight Simulation Program through Correlation with Flight Data for Soft-in-Plane Hingeless Rotors

Abstract : A study was conducted to evaluate the 300,000-byte version of the C- 81 AGAJ74 helicopter simulation program's capability for prediction of performance, rotor dynamic loads, and stability for soft-in-plane hingeless rotor helicopters. Available test data were compiled for the BO-105 single-rotor helicopter to provide a basis for evaluation of computer program analytical results. Results indicated good correlation for trim and performance, and reasonable correlation for main rotor alternating flap bending moments. Poorer correlation was obtained for main rotor chord and shaft bending moments. Poor agreement was obtained for response to control inputs in hover and at 100 knots; this may have been due to selection of too large a numerical integration interval. Approximately the same damping was indicated by test and analysis for aeroelastic stability. Attempts to compare C-81 results for control power and stability derivatives with analytical results from Boeing Vertol's Y-92 computer program were not sucessful. Significant differences were attributed to restraint of blade flapping in C-81 during these computations.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Laptop Menggunakan Metode Topsis

Competition in the banking sector requires every bank to compete to make types of credit products that are able to attract customers to want to transact with banks. Marketing with a product centric strategy needs to be combined with a customer centric to keep Customer Relationship Management in good order with customers. Customer identity can be used to realize the concept of a customer centric marketing strategy. This study describes the role of Data Mining on customer data accompanied by the application of Decision Tree techniques with the C4.5 algorithm to identify the most influential fields in predicting loan products. The customer data fields used in this study include total balance, date of birth, occupation, and status. Selection of fields based on the terms and conditions that apply to each type of loan. The results of applying the C4.5 algorithm to customer data in the formation of loan product prediction decision trees show that the work attribute is the dominant attribute (highest Gain value) among the other attributes. Prediction results are validated with Confusion Matrix with an accuracy value for loan product prediction of 82%. The results of this study concluded that the customer database is a source of data in the prediction process of loan products to be offered to customers, which can be used to support the marketing of bank loan products with a customer centric orientation.
İnek, koyun ve köpeklerde değişik radioimmunoassay progesteron ölçüm kitlerinin reprodüktif sürecin farkli evrelerinde değerlendirilmesi *

Ozet: Bu calismanin amaci, inek (n=25), koyun (n=25) ve disi kopeklerin (n=25) farkli siklik evrelerinde, gebelik donemlerinde ve disi kopeklerin yalanci gebeliklerinde, kan serumunda progesteron duzeylerini ture spesifik (Immunotech ® ), insanlarda kullanilan (Immunotech ® ) ve bu calisma icin olusturulan standart araligi genisletilmis radioimmunoassay kitleri (SAGK) ile olcerek tani yonunden uyum ve olasi farkliliklari ortaya koymaktir. Olcumlerde kullanilan beseri kit ve ture spesifik kitler ile olcumler uretici firmanin belirtmis oldugu yonteme gore yapilmistir. SAGK ile olcum yapabilmek icin oncelikle standart araligi genisletilmis ve standart noktalar olarak 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 ve 100 ng/ml duzeyleri kullanilmistir. Bu kit ile yapilan olcumlerde takip edilen surec, onceki iki kit ile ayni sekilde yurutulmustur. Olcumlerden elde edilen sonuclar degerlendirildiginde; tum gruplardan her uc kit kullanilarak elde edilen sonuclar arasinda istatistiksel yonden onemli bir farkliligin olmadigi (p>0.05) ortaya konulmustur. Kitlerden elde edilen sonuclarin korelasyonu yapildiginda ise inekte r= 0.999 ve r=1.000; koyunda r=0.997 ve r=1.000 ve kopekte r=0.994 ve 0.998 duzeyinde bir iliski bulunmustur. Sonuc olarak, inek, koyun ve disi kopeklerde progesteron olcumu amaciyla ture spesifik kitler yerine, standart araligi genisletilen veya beseri kitlerin saglikli bicimde kullanilabilecegi kanisina varilmistir. Anahtar sozcukler: Evcil hayvanlar, gebelik, progesteron kiti, radioimmunoassay, siklik donemler The evaluation of various radioimmunoassay progesterone kits for different stage of reproductive period in the cow, sheep and bitch Summary: The aim of this study was to compare blood serum progesterone levels by using different progesterone radioimmunoassay kits, in different stages of sexual cycle and pregnancy in the cow (n=25), sheep (n=25) and bitch (n=25). Progesterone levels in blood serum samples of the materials were measured by human progesterone RIA kit (Immunotech ® ), bovine, ovine and canine progesterone RIA kit (Immunotech ® ) and a validated human RIA kit. Measurements were performed according to instructions of the kits. As a validation, standart interval was extended and standart points were set to 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 100 ng/ml of the human kit. There was no statistically important difference between the mean progesterone values obtained by using different test kits (p>0.05). The results were correlated at the level of r=0.999 and r=1.000 for cows; r=0.997 and r=1.000 for sheeps and r= 0.994 and 0.998 for bitches. In conclusion, human RIA and validated human RIA kits can be use safely instead of species specific test kits for the blood progesterone mesurements in the cows, ewes and bitches.
IDENTIFIKASI TUMOR PADA JARINGAN SEKITAR TULANG DAN PARU-PARUMENGGUNAKAN SEGMENTASI BERDASAR ARAS KEABUAN CITRA

Hasil pemeriksaan citra tumor pada jaringan sekitar tulang dan paru-paru dari pemotretan radiologi yang kabur, kurang kontras, ataupun yang berderau dapat memberikan kesimpulan berbeda jika dibaca oleh orang yang berbeda. Untuk membantu menegakkan diagnosis tersebut, diperlukan program yang mampu mengidentifikasi tumor di jaringan sekitar tulang dan paru-paru berdasarkan tingkat keabuan. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan analisis citra. Proses yang dilakukan adalah pembacaan citra, pengubahan citra menjadi aras keabuan, peningkatan mutu citra dengan penapisan dan pengaturan intensitas, deteksi tepi, dan segmentasi berdasarkan aras keabuan untuk menentukan bagian yang sehat ataupun yang terdapat tumor. Citra tumor pada jaringan sekitar tulang menghasilkan lima informasi yaitu: latar belakang, tulang, jaringan sekitar tulang, tumor, dan deteksi tepi. Untuk citra tumor paru-paru informasi yang dihasilkan yaitu, latar belakang, tulang, paru-paru, tumor, deteksi tepi. Dari semua citra jaringan sekitar tulang yang diujikan diperoleh prosentase keberhasilan sebesar 70%. Sedangkan untuk pengenalan tumor paru-paru diperoleh prosentase keberhasilan sebesar 40%. Kata-kunci: identifikasi tumor, jaringan sekitar tulang, paru-paru , ekualisasi histogram, segmentasi
Identification and Control of Idiosyncratic Risks for Financial Products of the Cultural and Creative Industry

This research explores the discrete and diversified characteristics of the cultural and creative industry (CCI) to identify and control their idiosyncratic risk in the open financial market. This article selects a panel data of cultural and creative companies listed in the Tianjin Cultural Art Exchange Market for the 2011 to 2017 period, to identify the influencing factors of their idiosyncratic risks through a multiple quality signal model. The results show that liquidity, market risk, and the characteristics of the cultural and creative industry have a significant impact on its idiosyncratic risk. It is worth noting that the impact of market risk on the idiosyncratic risk of publicly traded cultural and creative companies is limited within the industry, while trading of the external financial system has no significant impact on the idiosyncratic risk of the cultural and creative industry, therefore incurring no investment substitution effect. This paper concludes that the idiosyncratic risk of the CCI can be identified and controlled based on the liquidity, market risk and trading patterns of the cultural and creative companies listed in an open financial market. This helps creative industry entrepreneurs to assess the risk of their potential investments and policy makers to improve the surveillance mechanisms of the financial system.
Fungi Associated with Imbrasia belina, an Edible Caterpillar

Phone (Imbrasia belino) originating from 12 localities in Botswana were investigated for the presence of moulds and aflatoxins. The fungi which were most commonly associated with phane belong to the genus Aspergillus (47% of the fungal isolates). Aflatoxins were found in phane obtained from 7 of the 12 localities at various concentrations. Phane from 5 localities had aflatoxin concentrations exceeding the 20 /? g/kg which is considered as the maximum tolerable amount by most countries. With proper processing, handling, drying and storage, such infestation could be reduced and aflatoxin production minimised. before pupating they achieve a size of 1.5-2. 5cm diameter and 5-8cm length. The larvae of /. belina are collected, their intestinal content squeezed out and then immediately introduced into boiling water which usually contains some salt. It is boiled for about 15-30 minutes and spread out on plastic sheets or on the ground for 2-3 days to allow the cooked product to dry. The product is then commonly sold by street vendors in the towns in Botswana. phane is also sold to buyers from neighbouring countries. It is prepared in different ways as a relish and is also eaten as a snack. The ready-to-eat product is a highly perishable commodity. As a result of its close association with soils, it is contaminated by soil micro-organisms which attack it during drying or storage. The bacteria exert their effects at the initial stage of the drying process when the moisture content of the cooked product is high. This is followed by the appearance of various fungi. Though insects have also been found to attack the stored product, studies on these have not been reported. Certain fungi produce mycotoxins while growing on food products (Ceigler & Lillehoj, 1967; Eley, 1992; Gourama & Bullerman, 1995a). The kinds of fungi that commonly occur in association with phane and whether there exists any risk in utilising phane which might have been attacked by fungi has not been reported. In this study, the presence of aflatoxins on dried and presumably wholesome phane was determined. In addition, surface sterilised phane samples were applied on various media which support mould growth. This paper reports on the nature of fungi associated with the larvae and types and concentration of total aflatoxin elaborated by the growing fungi on phane.
KINETIC AND KINEMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF IMPACTS FROM VARIOUS HEIGHTS EXPERIENCED BY CHILDREN

In 1977, the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission reported treatment of93,000 children in emergency rooms for injuries sustained on playgrounds. By 1986, the number had risen to over 200,000 and 70 percent ofthese cases were falls from equipment onto various play surfaces (U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 1986). In addition to free play activities, today's youth are also experiencing acute injuries from single impact trauma during organized sports (Micheli, 1986).
Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas: 12th Topical Conference. Proceedings

The twelfth Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas was held in April, 1997, in Georgia, USA under the sponsorship of Oak Ridge National Laboratory of the US Department of Energy, the University of Wisconsin, and the American Physical Society. A large part of the conference was devoted to the ion cyclotron range of frequencies. Radio frequency contributions to the creation and maintenance of transport barriers to both particle and heat flux received a lot of attention. In addition to plasma heating, the use of RF as a versatile tool to drive current, shape profiles and stabilize plasmas was also discussed. The RF systems designs for ITER, ICRF heating advances on helical devices were among the topics of interest, so were progress in ion cyclotron codes, advanced launchers and technology, RF startup, general wave theory and the application of RF plasmas to material processing. A total of 103 papers were presented and are included in these proceedings. Out of these, 54 have been abstracted for the Energy Science and Technology database. (AIP)
Electric Motor Handbook

Electric Motors--J. Kirtley.Terminoloy and Definitions--N. Ghai.Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Forces and Loss Mechanisms--J. Kirtley.Induction Motors--J. Kirtley and N. Ghai.Synchronous Motors--J. Kirtley and N. Ghai.Permanent Magnet-Synchronous (Brushless) Motors--J. Kirtley.nDirect Current Motors--J. Kirtley and N. Ghai. Other Types of Electric Motors and Related Apparatus--J. Kirtley.Motor Noise and Product Sound--R. Lyon.Servomechanical Power-Electronic Motor Drives--S. Leeb.
An imbalancing act: the dynamic response of the Kaskawulsh Glacier to a changing mass budget

The Kaskawulsh Glacier is an iconic outlet draining the icefields of the St. Elias Mountains in Yukon, Canada. We determine and attempt to interpret its catchment-wide mass budget since 2007. Using SPOT5/6/7 data we estimate a 2007--2018 geodetic balance of -0.46 ± 0.17 m w. e.a-1. By comparing computed balance fluxes with observed ice fluxes at nine flux gates we examine the discrepancy between the climatic mass balance and internal mass redistribution by glacier flow. Balance fluxes are computed using a fully distributed mass-balance model driven by downscaled and bias-corrected climate-reanalysis data. Observed fluxes are calculated using NASA ITS_LIVE surface velocities and glacier crosssectional areas derived from ice-penetrating radar data. We find the glacier is still in the early stages of dynamic adjustment to its mass imbalance. We estimate a committed terminus retreat of ∼23 km under the 2007-2018 climate and a lower bound of 46 km3 of committed ice loss, equivalent to ∼15% of the total glacier volume. By combining our observations and model output using the continuity equation, we highlight challenges and opportunities in exploring the mass budget of Cambridge University Press Journal of Glaciology
Coupling phenomena and scalability of CoFeB/Ru/CoFeB sandwiches

The work of this thesis has to be seen in the context of magnetoresistive phenomena and their applications. It was the aim of this thesis, to implement a new material system, an amorphous CoFeB alloy, and to study its properties in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ). Main focus was the investigation of the coupling phenomena in these materials and the effect for their technical application. The work is relevant for application in magnetoresistive devices and partly has been carried out within the project "Magnetoresistive logic devices". In order to compete with the rapid downscaling in feature size of silicon semiconductors, the spin-dependent devices will also have to be scaled down to the sub-micrometer range. In the second part of this thesis, therefore, the concept of an Artificial Ferrimagnet (AFi) has been transferred to elements of sub-micrometer size. In order to get access to this small scale at experiments, patterning has been performed by electron-beam lithography, leading to sizes comparable to recent MRAM devices. In order to characterize the resulting patterns, a magneto-optical Kerr effect setup has been purchased, installed, and modified. A systematic study of the switching behavior as well as the related coupling phenomena at sub-micrometer size is presented. Emphasis is given at the interlayer exchange coupling and the exchange bias effect. Most of the phenomena for spin-dependent devices listed above are relevant for the discussion of the measurements presented in this thesis. Therefore, the first chapter covers a short introduction to most of them. The second chapter highlights the measurement methods used within this thesis. In the third chapter, the experimental results are presented and discussed. This chapter is separated into three main sections, covering the experiments at unpatterned magnetic multilayers, at patterned samples, and the studies of exchange bias effect. In the last chapter, the thesis is summarized and an outlook for further interesting investigations is given. In the appendix, the software and hardware modifications done at the magneto-optical Kerr effect setup are presented.
Reproductive Traits, Growth Performance, and Economic Efficiency, of Archachatina marginata Snail under Captive with Different Stocking Density

— The reproductive traits, growth performance, and economic efficiency of African giant land snails under captive fed ad libitum and reared under different stocking densities was investigated in a twelve weeks experiment. A total of 196 growing, medium – sized Archachatina marginata snails of the same age with an average mean weights of 150.39g were used for the study. The four groups (treatment) of different stocking density was made up of 4, 8, 12, and 16 snails, and they were represented as A, B, C and D respectively. The different stocking densities of the snails (4, 8, 12, and 16) was reared in wooden boxes (cage) measuring 25cm width x 35cm length x 21cm height or 0.25m width x 0.35m length x 0.21m height, placed inside the snailery unit. The four different groups (A, B, C and D) were replicated four times in a completely randomised design arrangement. The result showed that, growth performance of snails under treatments A and B were significantly (P<0.05) higher and similar compared with snails in other treatments. The reproductive traits were better (P<0.05) for treatments A and B while the economic efficiency with regards to revenue generated from snails produced and gross profit were highest (P<0.05) for treatments A and B compared with other treatments. However, we concluded that, for effective utilization of floor surface per snail, farmers are encouraged to adopt the floor space of 8 snails/0.25m × 0.35m (treatment B) for an improved growth performance and reproductive efficiency of breeding snails as well as for economic performance maximization of the enterprise. This seems to be a step towards biodiversity conservation, and its sustainability is very important in order to enhance our life support system.