Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caught in Limbo: Mapping Social Spaces for First-Generation Students in Graduate School

The share of college students who are first-generation has grown rapidly in recent decades. Less attention has been paid to the educational experiences of graduate students. This article asks: How do first-generation students in graduate school differ from one another in their experiences with the socialization process? Based on data from in-depth interviews with 41 graduate students at a large research university, this article examines student narratives of experiences and circumstances to characterize multiple social spaces in graduate school. Contrary to notions suggesting that first-generation students share a similar group experience, these data reveal that first-generation students have divergent experiences and circumstances that characterize four distinct regions. Drawing on social capital and socialization theories, I find that students occupy social spaces that (1) modify, (2) adapt or (3) defy the socialization processes of graduate school. Findings also show barriers for those that are (4) excluded.
Return to schooling in China: a large meta-analysis

ABSTRACT In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of 2,191 empirical results reported in 213 existing studies to estimate the Mincer-type return to schooling in China. The results revealed that the return to schooling showed a positive impact, and the effect size was medium in terms of the partial correlation coefficient. We also found that workers in non-state sectors and urban regions, urban hukou workers, and women tend to have higher returns to schooling than their counterparts. Furthermore, the results indicate that the return to schooling registered a significant increase over time.
Caching territoriality and site preferences by a scatter‐hoarder drive the spatial pattern of seed dispersal and affect seedling emergence

For plants with seeds dispersed by scatter‐hoarders, decision‐making by animals when caching determines the spatial pattern of seed dispersal and lays the initial template for recruitment, driving the regeneration of many plant species. However, the mechanism by which animal behaviour shapes seed distributions in spatially complex landscapes is not well understood. We investigated caching territoriality and site preferences to determine the spatial pattern of seed caching at different scales and whether scatter‐hoarding behaviour drives the spatial distribution of seedling emergence. We used radio‐tracking and automatic wildlife cameras to monitor holm oak (Quercus ilex) acorn caching by Eurasian magpies (Pica pica), who are effective scatter‐hoarders in agroforestry systems. We assessed the effect of caching territories, distance to seed source, habitat, sub‐habitat, microsites and caching material in the spatial pattern of acorn dispersal by magpies. In addition, we analysed the relationship between the density of cached acorns and of emerged seedlings in different habitats. Breeding magpies cached the acorns inside their caching territories, where they preferred tilled areas over oak plantations and mostly avoided old fields. These differences in habitat preference were maximized at relatively short to medium dispersal distances, where most acorns were cached, and decreased or disappeared at long distances. Within tree plantations, magpies preferred high plant‐productivity sites over low productivity ones. At the finest spatial scale, magpies preferred structures built by animals, such as rabbit grit mounds and latrines and ant litter mounds, to cache the acorns. In many sites, magpies selected uncommon materials such as stones and litter to cover caches. In the subsequent spring, seedling emergence was positively correlated with acorn cache density. Synthesis. Scatter‐hoarding is a hierarchical process in which caching sites are selected using different criteria at different spatial scales driven by territoriality and site preferences. Territoriality constrained dispersal distance and the habitats available for acorn caching. Magpie territoriality therefore indirectly drives oak seedling emergence and can determine oak recruitment and forest regeneration.
Low-Complexity Data Collection Scheme for UAV Sink Nodes in Cellular IoT Networks

Owing to the nature of battery-operated sensors, the residual energy of their battery should be considered when a sink node collects sensory data from them. If a sink attempts to collect data from a sensor that does not have sufficient residual energy to transmit data, the utilization of wireless communication resources may be degraded. However, requiring a periodic residual energy report of the sensors considerably reduces the energy efficiency of them. Consequently, the sink node must be able to estimate the residual energy of the sensors without additional information exchange before attempting to collect data. To tackle this problem, we propose a data collection scheme for mobile sinks in cellular Internet-of-things (IoT) networks. The scheme consists of two phases. In the first phase, the mobile sink estimates the residual energy of the surrounding sensors. To reduce the complexity, we design a state diagram composed of three states based on the Markov chain of the sensor. The sink node calculates the communicable likelihood of each sensor based on the state diagram and collects data from the sensor with the highest likelihood. In the second phase, a cellular base station (BS) selects the appropriate mobile sink to improve the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the signal from a cellular user. Each sink node delivers the bidding price to the BS based on the likelihoods of the sensors. The BS determines an appropriate sink node to allocate resources based on the received bidding prices. Moreover, we show the performance of the proposed method in terms of SINR and IoT network utilization through simulation.
The Bearings from Rare-Earth (RE = La, Lu, Sc, Y) Cations on the Oxygen Environments in Aluminosilicate Glasses: A Study by Solid-State 17O NMR, Molecular Dynamics Simulations, and DFT Calculations

Aluminosilicate (AS) glasses incorporating trivalent cations of rare-earth (RE) elements exhibit a significant structural disorder and manifest building blocks incommensurate with conventional glass structure models. We present a comprehensive experimental and computational study of the O speciations in RE2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 glasses with RE = {La3+, Y3+, Lu3+, Sc3+}, where the cations are ordered according to increasing field-strength. The coexisting 17O[p]–Sip–mAlm moieties were quantified by magic-angle-spinning (MAS) 17O nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments and atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Experimental 17O quadrupolar products (CQη) and isotropic chemical shifts (δiso) agreed well with predictions from density functional theory with the projector augmented wave (PAW) and gauge including PAW approaches, respectively. We highlight an observed strong influence of both {δiso, CQη} NMR parameters on the average number of 17O[p]–RE3+ contacts (q) and establish simple correlations betwee.
The effects of cultivar and rotation length (5 vs. 10 years) on biomass production and sustainability of poplar (Populus spp.) bioenergy plantation

Poplars (Populus spp.) managed in short rotation woody crop (SRWC) systems are considered very promising in terms of biomass production for energy purposes in a temperate zone. In this study, several gaps in knowledge regarding the selection of the plant material, cultivar‐specific responses to coppicing and rotation length are addressed. Five‐ and 10‐year rotation lengths were considered, with a focus on the sustainability of the plantation and the quantification of the biomass production of 10 commercially available hybrid poplar cultivars during two consecutive 5‐year rotation cycles versus one 10‐year rotation in northern Poland. The biomass production varied considerably among cultivars, ranging from 1.6 (‘AF8’) to 7.5 (‘NE42’) Mg ha−1 year−1 at the end of the first 5‐year rotation, and 0.0 (‘AF8’)–5.4 (‘Degrosso’) Mg ha−1 year−1 in the second 5‐year rotation, while in a single 10‐year rotation, the mean annual increment (MAI) ranged from 1.0 (‘AF8’) to 15.1 (‘NE42’) Mg ha−1 yr−1. The 5‐year rotation cycles negatively influenced the sustainability of the plantation due to the high mortality of stems and sprouts in the second 5‐year coppice rotation. In the case of 5‐year and longer rotations, replanting (not resprouting) after harvest may be a more advantageous practice for maximizing the regeneration. The 10‐year rotation cycle allowed for enough development of the crown and root systems to produce sufficient basal area and height to achieve maximal MAI in the trees. The study revealed that an age ≥10 is a biologically optimal rotation age as the slope of MAI was equal/close to zero. This study further showed the crucial importance of testing cultivars before introducing them on a commercial scale and provided valuable information on poplar cultivars available to stakeholders in the biomass market.
Experimental Physical Chemistry

This collection of 59 self-contained but interrelated experiments forms a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of the major areas of physical chemistry. The experiments are grouped into three sections--equilibrium, structure, and change--which provide a practical understanding of such topics as phase equilibria, thermodynamics, macromolecular structure, and the effects of molecular and ionic motion. Experiments are designed to teach students practical skills useful to their careers, as well as to illustrate concepts. Specimen results are given, and each experiment has undergone thorough testing and revision, making this an effective introduction for students of experimental chemistry and chemical physics.
Four-Port Symmetrical Reflectionless Lumped Filter/Diplexer: Prototype and Design Table

It is shown that a well-designed lumped $LC$ loop network with a phase inverter can exhibit perfect reflectionless filtering response at its all four ports. The network is composed of two pairs of symmetrical $LC$ ladder circuits, in which one pair is obtained from lowpass transformation at a prescribed frequency based on a special lowpass prototype, and the other pair is from highpass transformation based on the same prototype at the same frequency. The input power, at any port, is divided into the two adjacent ports in the frequency domain through different paths of the loop. Each path between any two ports nearby can be treated as a mono-functional filter, whereas the adjacent two paths work as two filters with complementary responses. The overall circuit performs as a generalized diplexer without a specified “common” or “separation/combination” port. By using a numerical equation solver, the element values of the reflectionless lowpass/highpass prototype filter of order one, three, five, and seven are given. Then, the values of order nine, eleven, thirteen, and fifteen are obtained by using the optimization method. Other filtering functions such as bandpass/bandstop or dual-band can be easily implemented with the proposed prototype by using the standard frequency transformation method. For verification, two sample filters are fabricated and measured. The experimental data agree well with the predictions.
The Effects of Transparency and Voice on Managerial Decisions and Employee Effort in Hierarchical Organizations

Organizations often promote procedural justice by increasing the transparency of managerial decisions and encouraging employees’ voice in the decision process. We experimentally investigate how implementing these control policies in hierarchical organizations (owners vs. managers vs. employees) affects managers’ resource-allocation decision and employee effort. We predict and find that managers allocate more resources to employees, lowering owners’ return, when the allocation decision is transparent than when it is not transparent, despite being incentivized to increase owners’ return. Further, managers allocate more resources to employees when employees can voice their desired outcome than when employees’ voice is not allowed, but only if the allocation decision is transparent. Managers’ intention to exchange gifts with employees mediates these effects. We also find that, when employees have a voice, their effort is influenced by whether the allocation reaches their desired level. The implications of our findings for management control theory and practice are discussed.
Considerations for making informed choices about engaging in open qualitative research

ABSTRACT There is currently little guidance that exists for researchers in the sport and exercise sciences on open qualitative research practices. The purpose of paper is to provide researchers with guidance regarding the considerations necessary for making informed decisions about engaging in open research practices within qualitative inquiry. The guidance was developed through a series of four working group meetings with experts in qualitative research and meetings with key stakeholders (study participants, journal editors, and data management experts). The wider open qualitative research literature also informed the guidance. Nine core values were first identified as underpinning the considerations for engaging in open qualitative research practices: Choice (academic freedom and participant autonomy); Plurality not replication; Flexibility and emergent design; Transparency; Relational ethics; Quality; Education; Equity; and Responsibility. Considerations for researchers are then provided in the following areas as they pertain to open science practices in qualitative inquiry: Types of Data; Types of Studies; Participant Groups; Anonymity and Confidentiality; Participant Consent; Storage and Stewardship of Qualitative Data; Knowledge Dissemination and Open Access Publications; Cost, Time, and Resources; and Preregistration of Qualitative Studies. This paper provides an initial framework for identifying considerations for engaging in open qualitative research practices. These considerations will help qualitative researchers make informed decisions about and plan for implementation of open science practices, as well as assessing the risks and benefits of open science practices in qualitative inquiry.
Stock Market Prediction Using LSTM

This paper aims to develop an innovative neural network approach to achieve better stock market predictions. Data were obtained from the live stock market for real-time and off-line analysis and results of visualizations and analytics to demonstrate Internet of Multimedia of Things for stock analysis. To study the influence of market characteristics on stock prices, traditional neural network algorithms may incorrectly predict the stock market, since the initial weight of the random selection problem can be easily prone to incorrect predictions. Based on the development of word vector in deep learning, we demonstrate the concept of “stock vector. ” The input is no longer a single index or single stock index, but multi-stock high-dimensional historical data. We propose the deep long short-term memory neural network (LSTM) with embedded layer and the long short-term memory neural network with automatic encoder to predict the stock market. In these two models, we use the embedded layer and the automatic encoder, respectively, to vectorize the data, in a bid to forecast the stock via long short-term memory neural network. The experimental results show that the deep LSTM with embedded layer is better.
Pricing options on the maximum of two average prices under stochastic volatility models

ABSTRACT In this paper, we work under a stochastic volatility model to value options on the maximum of two average prices. In the proposed framework, explicit pricing formulae of options on the maximum of two average prices are obtained. Finally, we perform numerical examples to illustrate the prices of options on the maximum of two average prices and those of options on the maximum of two underlying asset prices.
Service Quality of Tomohon Municipal Market Agency at Tomohon Beriman Market

This study aims to analyze and explain the quality of public services at Tomohon Municipal Market Agency. The research method used a qualitative approach and informants as data sources were determined by purposive (purposive sampling) and snowball sampling. Data was collected through interview, observation, and documents. Data analysis is an interactive qualitative analysis with data analysis activities, which are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The results showed that the public service quality of Tomohon Municipal Market Agency responded by the community as service recipients, traders or sellers and visitors of Tomohon Beriman Market was not satisfactory. This response is based on an assessment of 4 out of the 5 dimensions used to analyze and measure service quality, (1) physical aspects (tangibles), (2) dimensions of awareness or desire to help the community or customers and provide fast service, (3) dimensions of politeness, trust, and respect for consumers, and (4) dimensions of approaching, and trying to determine consumers’ wants and needs have not been implemented properly, excluding for dimension (5) the ability to provide services appropriately and correctly has shown the professionalism expected in carrying out its services.
Assessment of the Evaporative Cooling System (ECS) for Storage of Irish Potato, Solanum tuberosum L.

The suitability of the humidity chambers known as Evaporative Cooling System (ECS) developed by the Nigerian Stored Product Research Institute (NSPRI) as storage structure for Irish potato, Solanum tuberosum. L tubers were investigated for 14weeks between August to December 1998. Ambient and ECS temperatures throughout the storage period ranges between 23- 29o C and 20 – 26oc respectively, while the corresponding relative humidity were 60-70% and 80-96% respectively two varieties of tubers used are the red Round Shaped quantified were weight loss decay and sprouting. There were no significant difference (p = 0.05) in weight loss in both types of tubers. The tubers maintained freshness and there was no shrinkage throughout the storage period. However there were significant differences in the OST and RST (P = 0.05) in terms of decay and sprouting of tubers. Decay and sprouting are significantly higher in RST than OST (P=0.05) RST is 1.85 times better than OST in storage. The overall efficiency of the tested structures shows that for storage of Irish Potato, Metal – in - Block is the most efficient, followed by Pot – in – Pot while metal – in - Pot is the least efficient. However, RST stores almost twice better than OST.
Two-dimensional bipolar ferromagnetic semiconductors from layered antiferromagnets

Bipolar magnetic semiconductors (BMSs) are a class of compounds possessing different valence band maximum (VBM) and conduction band minimum (CBM) in terms of electron spins, which are related to but distinct from half-metals. They allow one to switch one spin current to another by applying external gate voltage or chemical doping, which can meet the requirement of bipolar manipulation in spintronic devices. Designing and searching BMSs are still a challenge. Here we predict that monolayer ${\mathrm{CrPS}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{CrPSe}}_{4}$ are bipolar ferromagnetic semiconductors with Curie temperature 58 K and 82 K, respectively. We predicted that they can be exfoliated from their A-type antiferromagnetic bulk form. Electric-field gating could drive ${\mathrm{CrPS}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{CrPSe}}_{4}$ into half-metals with reversible spin-polarization directions, where the bipolar doping is relatively easier to access for ${\mathrm{CrPSe}}_{4}$ in experiment than ${\mathrm{CrPS}}_{4}$ for its suitable electron affinity and ionic potential. Furthermore, we highlight the role played by the different magnitude between spin exchange splitting and crystal field splitting in the formation of BMSs. The results presented here may provide new clues in designing or searching BMSs.
Exploiting Temporal Context in CNN Based Multisource DOA Estimation

Supervised learning methods are a powerful tool for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation because they can cope with adverse conditions where simplified models fail. In this work, we consider a previously proposed convolutional neural network (CNN) approach that estimates the DOAs for multiple sources from the phase spectra of the microphones. For speech, specifically, the approach was shown to work well even when trained entirely on synthetically generated data. However, as each frame is processed separately, temporal context cannot be taken into account. This prevents the exploitation of interframe signal correlations, and the fact that DOAs do not change arbitrarily over time. We therefore consider two different extensions of the CNN: the integration of a long short-term memory (LSTM) layer, or of a temporal convolutional network (TCN). In order to accommodate the incorporation of temporal context, the training data generation framework needs to be adjusted. To obtain an easily parameterizable model, we propose to employ Markov chains to realize a gradual evolution of the source activity at different times, frequencies, and directions, throughout a training sequence. A thorough evaluation demonstrates that the proposed configuration for generating training data is suitable for the tasks of single-, and multi-talker localization. In particular, we note that with temporal context, it is important to use speech, or realistic signals in general, for the sources. Experiments with recorded impulse responses and noise reveal that the CNN with the LSTM extension outperforms all other considered approaches, including the plain CNN, and the TCN extension.
The effects of tree cover and soil nutrient addition on native herbaceous richness in a neotropical savanna

Exotic grasses and high‐nutrient availability are common factors that may limit recovery of herbaceous diversity in derived savannas, while tree encroachment is a threat to diversity in old‐growth savannas. To understand the impacts of these factors on herbaceous communities, we studied the effect of nutrient addition, and the resulting increase in the exotic grass, Melinis minutiflora, at a savanna‐forest boundary in the Brazilian Cerrado. We inventoried richness of reproductive herbs, tree basal area and cover of the exotic grass, Melinis minutiflora, in each plot. Nutrient addition caused a large increase in Melinis and a large decrease in richness of flowering plants. Unexpectedly, structural equation model analysis suggests that the decline in herbaceous richness was a direct result of nutrient addition, rather than an indirect effect caused by the increase in Melinis. Tree density had a strong negative effect on both Melinis cover and herbaceous richness. Our results reveal that high‐nutrient availability imposes a barrier to the restoration of a diverse, native herbaceous layer in anthropogenic savannas, while tree encroachment is a threat to diversity in old‐growth savannas.