Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
QUERY FUSION FOR IMAGE RETRIEVAL

Image retrieval system is a computer system for browsing, searching and retrieve images from a huge data set of digital images. Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) is the function of computer vision to the image retrieval problem, that is, the problem of searching for digital images in large datasets. CBIR retrieves similar images from huge image dataset based on image features. Content-based means that the searching will evaluate the actual contents of the image. The content of image might refer colors, shapes, textures, or any other information that can be derived from the image itself. There are two major approaches to content-based image retrieval using local image descriptors. One of them is descriptor by descriptor matching and the other is based on comparison of global image representation that describes the set of local descriptors of each image. Image representation is one of the key issues for large-scale CBIR. Using MPEG-7 descriptors and local descriptors number of features are extracted from given query image, to reduce the feature size principle component analysis(PCA) is used. These features are embedded and aggregated into a compact vector to avoid indexing each feature individually. In the embedding step, each local descriptor is mapped into a high dimensional vector. The aggregation step integrates all the embedded vectors of an image into a single vector which obtains a compact representation for image retrieval. Subsequently, k-means algorithm is used, clusters are formed and images are trained. In re-ranking step, Euclidean distance is used to find similarity and provide efficient searching.
DWT-Neural Network based Gender Classification

– Fingerprint recognition plays an important role in the biometric identification of humans. Fingerprint recognition has many applications. It has been used for decades in civilian applications, in criminal investigation, and other applications. In this paper, recognition of male-female fingerprints using neural network (NN) is considered. Using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) the directional images of fingerprints are obtained. The DWT achieves effective low frequency filtering, reducing the noise effects in male-female fingerprint images. Then the feed-forward back-propagation neural network is applied for male-female fingerprint recognition. The fingerprint database is constructed and used to train a neural network. Simulation of the male-female fingerprint recognition system is carried out using MATLAB. The neural network is used to train and identify fingerprints.
OFDM SPATIAL MULTIPLEXING USAGE IN A MULTIUSER ENVIRONMENT FOR SINR ANALYSIS OF MUTUAL INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION

Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna technology has emerged as an effective technique for significantly improving the capacity of wireless communication systems. Multi-carrier modulation scheme can achieve high data rate in frequency-selective fading channels. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) may be combined with antenna arrays at transmitter and receiver to increase the diversity gain and to enhance system capacity. The system that is described in this paper is frequency selective spatially uncorrelated Rayleigh fading MIMO channel. It is considered to be an OFDM based spatial multiplexing. The paper will be dealing with mutual information distribution on the above mentioned channel. The expressions developed in this paper are valid for arbitrary number of antennas as well as for any channel length. The capacity of the multiuser MIMO-OFDM system will be plotted against Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) for different number of transmit and receive antennas.
Retrospective, Observational Comparison of Eptifibatide vs Abciximab in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Purpose To provide outcome data to health care practitioners involved in the care of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Adjunctive treatment with eptifibatide can be used in a wide range of patients requiring glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors to attenuate platelet response secondary to coronary artery interventions requiring a stent. The use of eptifibatide will provide comparable revascularization protection and may be safer than using abciximab. Methods Preselected outcome measures were collected for consecutive patients receiving a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor and the deployment of at least one coronary arterial stent for a 2-year period. The results were reported on a quarterly basis to the institution's cardiac interventionalists. Results No clinical or statistical differences in the event rate of a revascularization procedure for a “same target vessel” lesion at either the 6-month or 12-month evaluation periods were identified. The revascularization rate for “any vessel” interventions favored the use of abciximab at 6 months, but this advantage deteriorated at 12 months. Finally patients receiving eptifibatide were less likely to experience any bleeding event. Conclusions These outcome data can facilitate the use of eptifibatide in a wide range of patients undergoing PCI. An expectation of comparable clinical outcomes is merited. Based on these observations, the use of eptifibatide can at least provide a reduction in cost per procedural case.
A Novel Image Encryption Scheme Using Chaotic Logistic Mapping& Hybrid Cellular Automata

— With the advent of internet and mass media in recent years, online storage of multimedia data in the form of images and videos has become essential. Thus the security of such data also plays a vital role. In this paper, a novel image encryption scheme based on cellular automata (CA) and chaotic logistic mapping has been presented. The logistic chaotic mapping is used for shuffling the pixels which results in permutation. This permuted image is converted into a binary stream image where each rows of the image are converted into binary streams. Then a hybrid cellular automata (HCA) is used to provide diffusion by local interaction of the adjacent bits by applying various CA rules in the permuted image and confusion is brought by the cellular automata rules and keys from pseudo random number generator. In this scheme both reversible and irreversible cellular automata are used where irreversible cellular automata is used as a Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG) and reversible CA is used for diffusion. The properties of the encrypted image such as entropy, correlation coefficients, histogram, key space and key sensitivity prove that the encryption scheme is highly robust against attacks and also reliable in transmission loss scenarios.
Detection of False Data Distribution Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks

wireless sensor networks node compromise attack is a serious threat. Last few years many previous works has found out compromise node at the later stage. There are different stages of attacks: In first stage physically capturing and compromising nodes: Next stage compromised nodes back to the sensor networks: Last compromised sensor nodes rejoining the network and launching attack. This research work for early detection of compromised nodes in wireless sensor networks. In this work pair-based scheme to detect the node compromise attack in early stage. After sensor nodes are deployed they first build pairs in ad hoc pattern. Then the nodes within the same pairs can monitor each other to detect any node compromise attempt. Keywordssensor networks, node compromise attack, pair building
TEXT MINING ON REAL DATA FOR DISASTER RE

Social media such as micro blogging services have a significant impact on the day-to-day lives of people. The agencies to interact and communicate information to general public. They also bring an effective collaboration of all stakeholders for dissemination of information during an emergency. Social media is capa emergency/disaster situations unlike news media, therefore, particularly micro blogging services, have the potential to be adopted as an additional tool for emergency services. In the present work the authors twitter TM tried to predict the impending damage in the following days during flood scenario. The users of twitter provide important information such as warnings, location of an event, first hand experiences. Such information preprocessed, geo located and filtered. From the collected information, geo data is prioritized to that of text data. Then the data is analyzed to find the course of the disaster through regression analysis. Later, disaster curve is ex prediction of damage susceptible locations in the following days. The results are validated by analyzing the past events. In this study, 2015 Chennai flood data is used to validate the results. The study has the potential to facilitate disas better response operations during emergencies.
A Novel Graphical Password Authentication Mechanism

Authentication can be defined as the process by which the identity of the user is verified to determine whether the party is, in fact, who it claims to be. The most common authentication mechanism involves the use of alphanumeric passwords. But, alphanumeric passwords are easy to guess and they are not secure. Graphical passwords comprises of giving images as passwords. Different graphical password schemes are employed for providing better security. This paper focuses on a novel authentication mechanism using various techniques for providing security. This authentication mechanism involves alphanumeric passwords, images as passwords, CATCHA and also a random number generator for security purposes. Keywords— Alphanumeric Passwords, Authentication, Captcha, Graphical passwords, Random Number Generator.
A Simplified Adaptive Orthogonal DST Coding For CO-MIMO Networks

: An adaptive orthogonal distributed space time coding scheme (ODSTC) is proposed in this paper in order to achieve low bit error rate. Amplify and forward technique and ODSTC is used at the relay node.co-operative a MIMO system is used to increase the reliability of wireless communication.ML detector and linear MMSE receiver is used at the destination node. In order to estimate the channel condition of the communication system at the destination node stochastic gradient and least square algorithm are developed in this paper. The estimated code matrix will be given back to relay nodes through feedback channel where the estimated code matrix is used to transform the space time code matrix at the relay nodes. In order to eliminate the feedback error and to save the bandwidth this feedback can be eliminated by the use of fully distributed matrix optimization algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the bit error rate when compared to other existing space time codes.
Histopathological and Immunological Assessment of the effect of Topical Application of Curcumin in Orabase Paste on the Healing of Oral Mucosal and Cutaneous Wounds

Aims: Histopathological and immunological studies were carried out to demonstratethe effectiveness of topical application of curcumin on the healing of cutaneous and oral mucosal wounds. Materials and Methods: Fifty apparently healthy adult male rabbits of mixed breed were used.A standard round 0.8 cm diameter full-thickness skin wound and a second identical oral mucosal wound were aseptically induced in each rabbit using a locally made device. The animals were then divided into two equal groups: control (no treatment), curcumin (treatment with curcumin and orobase). The treatment protocol for material was once daily for 3 continuous days. Biopsies were collected from the oral and skin wounds for 5 rabbits from each group at 1, 3, 7, 15 and 30 days, and processed histopathologically. Blood samples were collected from all rabbits and were used for measurements of the serum level of Il-6 and TNF-α using ELISA Kits. Results: Histopathological and statistical findings of this study indicated that inflammation and re-epithelialization was more pronounced in curcumin treated skin and oral mucosal wounds than control skin and oral mucosal wounds. Significant differences (P<0.05) were found in concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α in sera of control and curcumin treated groups. Conclusions: Curcumin has significant effects on the healing of full thickness secondary cutaneous and oral mucosal wounds. There was significant fluctuation in the serum concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α in both the control and the curcumin treated rabbits for the 1,3,7,15 and 30–day periods.
Punjabi Spell Checker Using Dictionary Clustering

— Spell checker is a fundamental need of every word processing document that examines the input text for misspelled words and provides possible suggestion for wrong word. In spell checking area, lot of work has been done in English language. Punjabi is the 10 th most widely spoken language of the world. The design issues of English and Punjabi languages are different. The available Punjabi spell checkers use dictionary lookup detection technique and different correction techniques. The aim of this paper is to improve the processing speed and reduce the access time. It presents a different approach of spell checking using dictionary clustering. Dictionary is organized as clusters. Clustering is done on the basis of noun, pronoun, verb and adjective of Punjabi language. The category of the input text is identified at run time and that word is searched in the predicted cluster, which reduces the processing time. The execution time of the input text with and without clustering is compared. It is for the first time that Punjabi spell checker with dictionary clustering has been developed. Also the execution time of single word, a line and a paragraph is compared. The system detects approximately 83.3 percent of the wrong words and provides 98 percent of the correct suggestions for the misspelled words.
Study of the Performance of Free Space Optic Communication with Multiple Phase Encoded Signal under Different Weather Condition

Free-space optical (FSO) communication is a more interesting alternative to radio frequency communication because of its superior performance. When the optical wave propagates through the turbulent transmission medium, the performance of the Free Space Optical (FSO) communication system is strongly affected by numerous atmospheric parameters. The transmission impairments of the FSO system due to atmospheric turbulence can be successfully mitigated by employing advanced modulation formats. In this paper, FSO system is analysed for M-ary PSK modulation format with a bitrate of 112 Gbps. Channel parameters were designed with five different atmospheric conditions. The link range and wavelength were considered as 0.5 Km and 850nm respectively. The responses ofdifferent modulation methods for FSO channel under different atmospheric conditions were compared to determine the optimum modulation technique. The system performance is analysed using parameters such as BER, SNR with Optisystem 13.The analysis of M-ary PSK method with QPSK, 8-PSK and 16-PSK reveals that QPSK has the lowest BER of -4.95 dB under strong turbulence conditionsand hence is a more suitable modulation method. However 16-PSK exhibits the highest bandwidth efficiency.
Serum Level of Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein as a Screening Modality for Osteoarthritis among Knee Joint Pain Patients

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield of estimation of serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) as a screening tool for osteoarthritis (OA) among patients with knee joint pain. Patients & Methods: The study included 140 female patients with knee pain and 20 volunteers to donate blood as a control group for laboratory findings. All patients underwent full history taking, clinical examination for evaluation of pain severity using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and extent of patient mobility using mobility score (MS) and had knee anteroposterior radiographs that were scored using the Kellgren-Lawrence scoring (K-L score) system. Patients were classified according to K-L scores into: group A: pain plus no radiographic findings (K-L score=1), group B: pain plus doubtful or minimal radiographic findings (K-L score=1) and group C: pain plus radiographically determined OA (K-L score≥2). Venous blood samples were obtained from all patients and controls for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) determination and ELISA estimation of serum COMP and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels. Results: Group C patients had significantly higher pain scores and lower MS compared to groups A and B. Mean patients' serum COMP levels was significantly higher compared to control levels and in group C compared both to controls and to groups B and A levels with significantly higher levels in group B compared to controls and group A. However, serum COMP levels were non-significantly higher levels in group A compared to control levels. There was a positive significant correlation between serum COMP levels and body mass index (BMI), pain VAS score and radiological grade and a negative significant correlation with MS. ROC curve analysis revealed that elevated serum COMP is a sensitive predictor and high BMI is a specific predictor for the presence of OA. Serum COMP at 1097.5 ng/ml was the best cutoff point with high sensitivity (87.7%), positive predictive value (PPV, 92.6%) and accuracy (84.3%) for differentiation between patient with and without OA radiological manifestations and serum COMP at 1290 ng/ml showed 100% specificity and PPV and accuracy rate of 65.7% for diagnosis of the presence of radiological findings of OA. Conclusion: Estimation of serum COMP level could be considered as screening modality for patients with knee pain and using cutoff point of 1097.5 ng/ml helps to define patients free of OA and cutoff of 1290 ng/ml could define patients with OA. [Ahmed M. Awadallah, Gehan H. Sabry and Tarek M. Khater. Serum Level of Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein as a Screening Modality for Osteoarthritis among Knee Joint Pain Patients. Journal of American Science 2010;6(12):1059-1066]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience. org.
Image Inpainting Using Super Resolution

: Image plays an important role in or day to day life. Image inpainting is use to recover the missing part of image effectively. A novel framework for exemplar-based inpainting in which the image inpainting is performed on coarse version of the inpainting image. The inpainting of the low resolution images are simpler than that of the high resolution images. It will gain the more complexity and high visual quality image. The low resolution image is inpainted using different inpainting techniques and then all the results are combined to form the highly inpainted image. For this purpose our system uses the super resolution algorithm which is responsible for inpainting of single image.
Design and Implementation of DPI Mechanism for NIDS on FPGA

ABSRACT : Network intrusion detection systems have become intensive application for identifying malicious pattern. Pattern matching is the problem of finding all occurrences of a pattern in a text. Essential to NIDS is the inspecting packets. Now a day’s intrusion detection system plays an important role in network security. As the use of internet is increasing rapidly the possibility of attack is also increasing. People are using signature based IDS, snort is most widely used signature based IDS because of its open source software. In this paper our work concentrates on multi pattern signature and proposes a FPGA based deep packet inspection engine for NIDS.The system can support both dynamic and string pattern matching system. Multi pattern matching involves matching a data item against a large database of signature patterns. String matching is one of the most critical elements because it allows for the system to make decisions based on the actual content. The evaluation on real network environment shows that net FPGA can maintain gigabit line rate throughput without dropping packets.
Face Recognition Based On Granular Computing Approach and Hybrid Spatial Features

—The face biometric based person identification plays a major role in wide range of applications such as surveillance and online image search. The first stage starts with face detection will used to obtain face images, which also have the normalized intensity, which are uniform in size and also the shape and only the face region Here granular computing and spatial features will presented to match the face images in the various illumination changes. The Gaussian operator also generates a sequence of low pass filter images by convolving each of constituent images with a 2-D Gaussian kernel. By this granulation method, facial features are segregated at dissimilar resolutions to provide edge details, noise, level of smoothness, and presence of blurriness in a face image. In this features extraction, WLD descriptor represents an image as a histogram of differential excitations and gradient locations, and several interesting properties like robustness to noise and illumination transforms, effective detection of edges and powerful image representation.
Back Pressure-Based Adaptive Routing Algorithm Technique in Communication Networks

— Routing Packets effectively and efficiently is the major task in networking. The basic idea of backpressure techniques is to prioritize transmissions over links that have the highest queue differentials. Backpressure method effectively makes packets flow through the network as though pulled by gravity towards the destination end, which has the smallest queue size of zero. Under high traffic conditions, this method works very well, and backpressure is able to fully utilize the available network resources in a highly dynamic fashion. Under low traffic conditions, however, because many other hosts may also have a small or zero queue size, there is inefficiency in terms of an increase in delay, as packets may loop or take a long time to make their way to the destination end. In this paper we use the concept of shadow queues. Each node has to maintain some counters, called as shadow queues, per destination. This is very similar to the idea of maintaining a routing table (for routing purpose) per destination. Using the concept of shadow queues, we partially decouple routing and the scheduling. A shadow network is maintained to update a probabilistic routing table that packets use upon arrival at a node. The same shadow network, with back-pressure technique, is used to activate transmissions between nodes. The routing algorithm is designed to minimize the average number of hops used by the packets in the network. This idea, along with the scheduling and routing decoupling, leads to delay reduction compared with the traditional back-pressure algorithm.
Handwritten Character Recognition using K-NN Classification Algorithm

Building an effective methodology to detect hand-written characters from images with less error rate is the great task. Our aim is to make such an algorithm that will be able to generate error free recognition of hand written text from the given input image which will be a hand written character, and will help in document digitizing. OCR has always been an intensive research topic for more than 4 decades, it is probably one of the most time consuming, as well as labor intensive work of inputting the data through keyboard . This paper discusses about mechanical or electronic conversion of scanned images, text which contain graphics ,image captured by camera ,scanned images and the recognition of images where characters may be broken or corrupted . The optical character recognition is the desktop based application developed using Python 3.0 and . We should gain > 97.82% accuracy when applied on different data sets, during pre-processing we will use different techniques to remove noise from the background of the image. We will convert the labelled data into grey scaled images and train the classifier and generalize it using the validation set to reduce any kind of validation error. Finally, we will test the module using the test_data and see the outcome of the algorithm. We display the images as well using the matplot library provided by Python .