Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of Lesions in Lettuce Caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum Subsp. carotovorum by Supervised Classification Using Multispectral Images

Abstract This study aimed to detect soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum in lettuce using images obtained by multispectral sensors mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A secondary objective was to identify the best sensor and determine the optimal stage after inoculation to detect infected plants. In the field, soft rot lesions and the agronomic traits of lettuce plants inoculated or not with the bacteria were assessed on different days after inoculation (DAI). Classifications were made using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Naive Bayes (NB) algorithms to analyze data groups consisting of spectral bands, vegetation indices and a combination of bands and indices obtained from a conventional visible camera and Mapir Survey3W multispectral camera, as well as agronomic parameters. The results confirmed the possibility of pre-symptomatic detection of P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum in lettuce at the canopy level. With respect to identifying healthy and infected lettuce plants by supervised classification, the best results were obtained at 4 and 8 DAI, especially when using the subsets derived from the Mapir Survey3W camera (RGN sensor), for both classifiers. The subsets obtained with the conventional visible sensor (RGB sensor) produced the best results at 20 and 24 DAI.
The HIV-1 Integrase C-Terminal Domain Induces TAR RNA Structural Changes Promoting Tat Binding

Recent evidence indicated that HIV-1 Integrase (IN) binds genomic viral RNA (gRNA) playing a critical role in viral particle morphogenesis and gRNA stability in host cells. Combining biophysical and biochemical approaches we show that the C-terminal flexible 18-residues tail of IN acts as a sensor of the peculiar apical structure of trans-activation response element RNA (TAR), directly interacting with its hexaloop. We highlighted how the whole IN C-terminal domain, once bound to TAR, can change its structure assisting the binding of Tat, the HIV trans-activator protein, which finally displaces IN from TAR. Our results are consistent with the emerging role of IN in early stage of proviral transcription and suggest new steps of HIV-1 life cycle that can be considered as therapeutic targets.
Multi‐scale feature learning and temporal probing strategy for one‐stage temporal action localization

The aim of temporal action localization (TAL) is to determine the start and end frames of an action in a video. In recent years, TAL has attracted considerable attention because of its increasing applications in video understanding and retrieval. However, precisely estimating the duration of an action in the temporal dimension is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose an effective one‐stage TAL method based on a self‐defined motion data structure, called a dense joint motion matrix (DJMM), and a novel temporal detection strategy. Our method provides three main contributions. First, compared with mainstream motion images, DJMMs can preserve more pre‐processed motion features and provides more precise detail representations. Furthermore, DJMMs perfectly solve the temporal information loss problem caused by motion trajectory overlaps within a certain time period. Second, a spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) layer, which is widely used in the object detection and tracking fields, is innovatively incorporated into the proposed method for multi‐scale feature learning. Moreover, the SPP layer enables the backbone convolutional neural network (CNN) to receive DJMMs of any size in the temporal dimension. Third, a large‐scale‐first temporal detection strategy inspired by a well‐developed Chinese text segmentation algorithm is proposed to address long‐duration videos. Our method is evaluated on two benchmark data sets and one self‐collected data set: Florence‐3D, UTKinect‐Action3D and HanYue‐3D. The experimental results show that our method achieves competitive action recognition accuracy and high TAL precision, and its time efficiency and few‐shot learning capabilities enable it to be utilized for real‐time surveillance.
Asymmetric impacts of El Niño and La Niña on the Pacific–North American teleconnection pattern: the role of subtropical jet stream

The asymmetric impacts of El Niño and La Niña on the Pacific–North American teleconnection pattern in boreal winter have important implications for the surface air temperature and precipitation anomalies in North America. Previous studies have shown that the varying tropical convective heating contributes to the zonal shift of the teleconnection pattern during different El Niño/Southern Oscillation phases. In this study, using reanalysis, atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations, and a linear baroclinic model, we further present that the discrepancy of the subtropical jet stream (STJ) during El Niño and La Niña also contributes to the asymmetry. The atmospheric anomalies readily extract kinetic energy and effectively develop at the exit of the STJ. During El Niño (La Niña) years, as the central-eastern tropical Pacific warms up (cools down), the meridional temperature gradient in central subtropical Pacific increases (decreases), leading to the eastward (westward) shift of the STJ. The movement of the STJ leads to the shift of the location where disturbance develops most efficiently, ultimately contributing to the asymmetry of the teleconnection pattern.
Study on Electromagnetic Radiation Interference Caused by Rocket Fuel

During the launch and return of a spacecraft, the intense combustion of propellants generates strong electromagnetic radiation, which interferes with the operation of electronic equipment in the spacecraft. To improve the electromagnetic compatibility of electronic equipment in spacecraft, it is necessary to study the electromagnetic radiation characteristics of rocket fuel. An electromagnetic radiation measurement system based on antennas is designed to measure the electromagnetic radiation generated by rocket fuel, and the electromagnetic radiation characteristics are obtained through data analysis. The mechanism of the electromagnetic radiation generated by rocket fuel is comprehensively analysed through the spatial, time-domain, frequency-domain, and energy-domain characteristics. A characterization model is established to provide a reliable scheme for evaluating the influence of rocket fuel electromagnetic radiation on electronic equipment in spacecraft.
A Conceptual and Systematics for Intelligent Power Management System-Based Cloud Computing: Prospects, and Challenges

This review describes a cloud-based intelligent power management system that uses analytics as a control signal and processes balance achievement pointer, and describes operator acknowledgments that must be shared quickly, accurately, and safely. The current study aims to introduce a conceptual and systematic structure with three main components: demand power (direct current (DC)-device), power mix between renewable energy (RE) and other power sources, and a cloud-based power optimization intelligent system. These methods and techniques monitor demand power (DC-device), load, and power mix between RE and other power sources. Cloud-based power optimization intelligent systems lead to an optimal power distribution solution that reduces power consumption or costs. Data has been collected from reliable sources such as Science Direct, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The overall findings of these studies are visually explained in the proposed conceptual framework through the literature that are considered to be cloud computing based on storing and running the intelligent systems of power management and mixing.
Computer vision-based crack width identification using F-CNN model and pixel nonlinear calibration

Abstract To improve the accuracy of computer vision-based bridge crack-width identification, two factors were investigated in this study. First, a fully convolutional neural network combined with a U-Net architecture was used to extract crack pixels and a crack midline (i.e., crack skeleton). A database including 100 images with 572 × 572 pixels labelled for cracks was developed. The results revealed a mean of 84.4% of the average mean intersection over union of the U-Net. In addition, a crack-width direction identification method based on the slope of the crack skeleton was proposed, and the accurate extraction of the nonuniform width parameter along the crack was realised. Second, to obtain a mapping from the width pixels to width physical dimensions, a pixel calibration experiment was conducted. Finally, a nonlinear regression model of the distance, focal length, and actual pixel size was developed to overcome the light distortion of the camera. Ultimately, the combination of the two factors completed a high-precision extraction of the entire process of crack-width identification and achieved a 0.01-mm precision under a 96% guarantee rate.
Prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder and Correlates of Thoughts of Death, Suicidal Behaviour, and Death by Suicide in the Geriatric Population—A General Review of Literature

Background: There has been an increase in deaths by suicide in old age in the last decade. Depression and suicide in the elderly, 60 years and above, is a major global public health concern. Determining the prevalence of depression, and correlates of death by suicide in the geriatric population, is an important first step toward addressing this public health concern. This literature review aims to determine the prevalence of major depressive disorders and the correlates of death by suicide in the geriatric population. Methods: This general review of the literature was performed using relevant search terms to determine both the prevalence of depression and the correlates of death by suicide among the geriatric population. Databases such as MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and PubMed were searched. Relevant and current articles were extracted, reviewed, and analyzed. The elderly population was defined as individuals 60 years and above. Only full texts articles in English were reviewed. Findings: The prevalence estimates of major depressive disorder in the elderly ranged from 5.37 to 56%. Adults aged 60 years and older have a high risk of depression that exposes them to suicide. Moreover, elderly women are more likely to experience depression than elderly men, but successful suicide is more common in men. Depression and other mental health conditions (schizophrenia, anxiety disorders) and perceived stress were found to be predictors of suicide in the elderly. Other predictors included physical illnesses such as malignancies, financial constraints, cuckoldry, and sexual dysfunction, and also social factors like living alone triggers depressive symptoms and increases suicidal risk in the elderly. Hanging was found to be the most common method of death by suicide for both sexes. While elderly women preferred poisoning, elderly men in Western countries preferred firearms. Differences in gender, the aging process and social issues were also contributing factors to methods used for suicide. Conclusions: Depression and debilitating physical illnesses were identified as significant contributors to suicide risk in the elderly population, and emphasis should be placed on identifying these factors early and treating them. Recognizing and addressing factors that predict suicide in the elderly will help to improve the mental wellbeing of the elderly.
RAPID PCR–BASED DETECTION OPTIMIZATION OF PORCINE DNA IN GELATIN CAPSULE SHELL

Objective: This study was conducted to optimize the genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) based molecular detection of gelatin derived from porcine by performing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and duplex PCR method employing cyt B gene.Methods: Optimization was carried out for DNA extraction, PCR conditions, and the sensitivity of the PCR-RFLP method. Due to the very low DNA trace in gelatin after the various manufacturing process, the extraction was optimized to obtain sufficient DNA which was visible on the agarose gel. PCR-RFLP was carried out using universal primers and BsaJI restriction enzyme, and duplex PCR was carried out using two sets of porcine-specific primers. Porcine and bovine DNA were mixed in various concentration to confirm sensitivity of both methods, i.e. 100%, 50%, 10%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.1%, 0.05%, and 0.01%Results: Both methods, PCR-RFLP, and Duplex PCR, were able to detect as low as 0.01% porcine DNA, indicated by the presence of porcine DNA amplicon bands (131 bp and 228 bp for PCR-RFLP, 212 bp and 398 bp for duplex PCR). Although DNA bands presented in low intensity, identification of porcine and bovine species and estimation of DNA quantities were possible.Conclusion: Both conventional PCR methods, i.e. PCR-RFLP and Duplex PCR, were sensitive, specific, and suitable as a rapid initial detection method for molecular detection of porcine in gelatin capsule shells.
FRACTIONAL-EWA BASED DEEP CNN FOR PHISHING ATTACK DETECTION

Associate Professor, College of Engineering, Kidangoor, Kerala ksangelviji@gmail.com Abstract Phishing attack is acclaimed as one of the recognized cybercrime attacks over the internet and mail users. Phishing is a form of unauthorized access of confidential information, like passwords, user names and credit card details. Detection of phishing attacks and classifying the mails still remains a challenging issue. This research presents an effective strategy by developing a newly proposed method called FractionalEarthWorm Algorithm (EWA) based Deep Convolutional Neural Network. The Fractional-EWA is derived by inclusion of fractional calculus concept to EarthWorm Optimization. The features are extracted using the term frequency and the feature is selected using the Levenshtein distance. The DCNN is trained by exploiting the proposed Fractional-EWA. However, this algorithm achieved maximum accuracy, maximum sensitivity, and maximum specificity of 0.781, 0.782, and 0.722 respectively for chunk percentage of data and achieved the maximum accuracy, maximum sensitivity, and maximum specificity of 0.744, 0.725, and 0.723, respectively for number of features.
Mitochondrial Genotoxicity of Hepatitis C Treatment among People Who Inject Drugs

Antiviral nucleoside analogues (ANA) are newly used therapeutics acting against the hepatitis C virus (HCV). This class of drug is well known to exhibit toxicity on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). People who inject drugs (PWID) are particularly affected by HCV infection and cumulated mitotoxic drug exposure from HIV treatments (antiretrovirals, ARV) and other illicit drugs. This study aims to explore the impact of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatments on mtDNA among PWID. A total of 470 actively injecting heroin users were included. We used quantitative PCR on whole blood to determine the mitochondrial copy number per cell (MCN) and the proportion of mitochondrial DNA deletion (MDD). These parameters were assessed before and after DAA treatment. MDD was significantly increased after HCV treatment, while MCN did not differ. MDD was even greater when subjects were cotreated with ARV. In multivariate analysis, we identified that poly-exposure to DAA and daily heroin injection or regular consumption of methamphetamines were positively associated with high MCN loss while DAA and ARV treatments or methadone use were identified as risk factors for having mtDNA deletion. These observations deserve attention since they were previously associated with premature cell ageing or cell transformation and therefore call for a long-term follow-up.
Evaluation of Daidzein Against Rotenone Induced Parkinson’s Disease and a Potential Involvement of Mitochondrial Biogenesis.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) ranks as second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder but is devoid of neuroprotective treatment. Approaches with disease modifying ability with symptomatic relief has become an utmost necessity. Further multifactorial nature of PD presents challenges for efficacy evaluation of any potential test compound. The stated study makes an attempt to address these issues by employing a rotenone induced PD model involving a bilateral intranigral stereotactic rotenone injection for evaluation of the neuroprotective efficacy of Daidzein (DZ). DZ a soy isoflavone, is known for its various health benefits viz. immunomodulation, cardiovascular effects etc. In this study, animals after intranigral rotenone (12 μg) injection, were treated with DZ at a dose of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg for 30 days. The neurobehavioural evaluation comprised of Rota-rod, Open field and Barnes maze test. The biochemical analysis constituting oxidative stress (Reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidation), inflammation (TNF-α), mitochondrial alteration (complex I activity and biogenesis) was conducted on mid-brain tissue after 30 days of treatment. The SN and striatum was also subjected to immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) for TH positive neurons and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein. The analysis revealed significant improvement by daidzein in motor co-ordination and attenuation in cognitive deficits due to rotenone. The biochemical assessment exhibited significant decrement in oxidative stress as well as inflammation. DZ treatment also prevented complex I inhibition and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis eventually contributing to the neuroprotection apparent in IHC. Thus, the results strongly corroborate the neuroprotective potential of DZ against rotenone induced model of PD.
Inter‐cloud secure data sharing and its formal verification

With the development of cloud computing, data sharing and collaboration have become increasing among cloud‐oriented organizations. In addition to trivial management work, data providers face many difficulties in managing access control policies in cloud data sharing, to prevent permission abuse and information leakage. This article mainly answers the following question: is it possible to achieve verifiably secure inter‐cloud data sharing? This article proposes an inter‐cloud data sharing (ICDS) approach based on ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption (CP‐ABE) to ensure the security of ICDS. The security properties that ICDS holds are formally verified, where the information flow rules are defined and used in the verification. The information flow of the proposed ICDS is firstly modeled by use of high‐level Petri nets (HLPN) formally, then being represented in Z language, and at last the security properties of ICDS are verified by the Z3 solver. The formal analysis proves that the ICDS holds the security properties of confidentiality, authenticity, and collusion‐resistance.
Combinatorial tumor suppressor inactivation efficiently initiates lung adenocarcinoma with therapeutic vulnerabilities

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with lung adenocarcinoma being the most common subtype. Many oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are altered in this cancer type and the discovery of oncogene mutations has led to the development of targeted therapies and better clinical outcomes. However, a large fraction of lung adenocarcinomas lacks mutations in known oncogenes, and the genesis and treatment of these oncogene-negative tumors remain enigmatic. Here, we perform iterative in vivo functional screens with quantitative autochthonous mouse model systems to uncover the genetic and biochemical changes that enable efficient lung tumor initiation in the absence of oncogene alterations. Through the generation of hundreds of diverse combinations of tumor suppressor alterations, we demonstrate that inactivation of suppressors of the RAS and PI3K pathways drive the development of oncogene- negative lung adenocarcinoma. Pathway-level human genomic data analysis and histology identified RAS/MAPK and PI3K pathway activation as a common event in oncogene-negative human lung adenocarcinomas. We demonstrate that oncogene-negative tumors and cell lines with activated RAS/MAPK and PI3K pathways are vulnerable to pharmacological inhibition of these signaling axes. Collectively, these results transform our understanding of this prevalent yet understudied subtype of lung adenocarcinoma. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Many lung adenocarcinomas do not have mutations in known proto-oncogenes, and as a result, targeted therapies are unavailable for treating these patients. Here, we uncover driver pathways in a subset of these oncogene-negative lung adenocarcinomas and demonstrate the therapeutic value of inhibiting these pathways.
Potential effect antidiabetic of a medicamentous receipt made up of Parquetina nigrescens (Periplocaceae) and Erythrina senegalensis (Fabaceae) and effects on the lipidic profile and the glycation of hemoglobin in rats diabetics

The medicinal recipe composed of Parquetina nigrescens (Periplocaceae) and Erythrina senegalensis (Fabaceae) is a remedy used in traditional medicine in Côte d'Ivoire to treat diabetes. this study aims to assess the potential anti-diabetic effect of the drug recipe (RPNES) and its effect on the lipid profile and hemoglobin glycation in diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus is induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, dissolved in a citrate buffer solution, at a dose of 65 mg/kg BW and a nicotinamide solution at a dose of 230 mg/kg BW to Wistar rats. Healthy rats and diabetic rats are treated orally with RPNES daily for 28 days and blood samples from control and treated rats are taken for assay of biochemical parameters. This study shows that RPNES, administered at doses greater than or equal to 600 mg/kg BW, causes a significant decrease in blood sugar in diabetic rats. in addition, a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, associated with an increase in serum HDL cholesterol level, was observed in diabetic rats which received RPNES at 800 mg/kg BW, after 28 days treatment. In addition, after 90 days of treatment, RPNES (800 mg/kg BW) induces a significant decrease in the percentage of glycated hemoglobin in diabetic rats. This study also revealed that, in diabetic rats, RPNES had antihyperglycemic and antidiabetic effects similar to those of glibenclamide. RPNES is also a hypolipemic substance which corrects lipid disorders associated with diabetes, normalizes HDL cholesterol and lowers HbA1c levels in diabetic rats. These results justify the use in traditional medicine of this medicinal recipe composed of Parquetina nigrescens and Erythrina senegalensis to treat diabetes.
Characteristics of Gamma- Radiation Shielding for Raw Wood Materials Commonly Used in Egypt

Nowadays, radiation shielding becomes vital. So, the main purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics and performance of six types of raw wood materials (Mosky, Zan, Contar, Balot, Orange tree and Aro) usually used in Egypt. Linear, mass attenuation coefficients and half value layer of wood species were measured at gamma-ray energy range from (30-2203 keV). Measurements were performed using aHPGe gamma spectrometer detector.The intensities of the emergent radiation were measured, when each of these woods were placed between the detector and radioactive sources (133Ba-226Ra). Analysis of results showed a strong correlation between wood density and attenuation coefficients. The lowest value of linear attenuation coefficient determined for each wood type is 0.040 cm-1 at energy 609 keV for Mosky. On the other hand the highest value of linear attenuation coefficient at the same energy is, 0.078 cm-1 for Aro. So, Aro could selected and serve as a more favorable radiation shielding material against gamma ray. ARTICLE HISTORY Received: May/2018 Revised: June/2018 Accepted: October/2018