Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Just a Little Healthy Competition: Teacher Perceptions of Competition and Social Comparison in the Classroom

The use of competition to motivate students is common but debated. The purpose of the study was: (a) to examine to whom teachers attribute the common emphasis on competition and (b) to explore the reasons teachers give to minimize competition or not in their classrooms. Teachers attribute the focus on competition least to teachers and then increasingly to students, principals, parents, and school boards. Teachers who try to minimize competition identify the importance of learning and individualization, and those who do not, promote competition as healthy and helpful. Results are discussed in terms of classroom practices and future research.
Study on types of anaemia and foetomaternal outcome in antenatal patients

Anemia is the most common haematological disorder in pregnancy. Anemia increases maternal morbidity and mortality. It is a condition that can be diagnosed and treated during antenatal period, preventing the serious complications of anemia during pregnancy and labour. Aims: This study investigated the prevalence of types of anemia during pregnancy and fetomaternal outcomes among pregnant women. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study that enrolled 1100 pregnant women who were in the third trimester of pregnancy with haemoglobin level <11.0 gm/dl between March 2019 and August 2020. Methods and Material: Participants were selected by consecutive sampling and baseline data were collected by using a predesigned and pretested structured questionnaire. Data Analysis: Data were entered and analysed by using SPSS version 20. Results: The prevalence of anemia in third-trimester pregnancy in this study was 91.05%. Iron deficiency anemia was most common (69.18%) among pregnant women followed by megaloblastic anemia (2.5%). Most of pregnant women (45.90%) were mildly anemic. Mean ± SD of haematological parameters among the anemic pregnant women during third trimester of pregnancy were haemoglobin (8.08±2.24 gm/dl), haematocrit (28.92±7.78%), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (93.02±11.32fl), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) (26.03±2.90 pg), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration(MCHC) (27.99 ± 2.01 gm/dl), RBC count (3.05 ± 0.67million/mm3). Most common maternal complications due to anemia in pregnancy was preterm labour (30%). Fetal outcome in the form of an alive term, most commonly seen in mild anemia (34.7%), fetal complications like Preterm alive (11.3%), preterm intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) (2.7%) most commonly associated with severe anemia. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in third trimester of pregnancy was 91.05% which is a serious public health problem. Proper counselling to the patients and their family members regarding cause of anemia, effect of anemia and complications of anemia. So, that such preventable condition can be prevented.
Driving Detection Based on the Multifeature Fusion

In order to solve the problems of facial feature localization and driver fatigue state identification methods in driving fatigue detection, a driving detection method based on the multifeature fusion was proposed. This method uses a supervised descent algorithm to simultaneously locate multiple facial features of drivers. On the basis of blink, yawn and nod judgment, multiple characteristic values of blink frequency, yawn frequency, and nod frequency of drivers were extracted to establish a fatigue detection sample database, and a naive Bayes classifier was constructed to judge fatigue. When the driver appears fatigue driving, warning information is given in time in order to prevent traffic accidents. The experimental results show that two sample videos were selected for testing. The accuracy rate of video sample 1 and video sample 2 was 94.74% and 95.00%, respectively. Conclusion. In the actual driving environment video test results, the discriminant average accuracy of a driver fatigue state reaches 94.87%, which has a good performance.
Solubilized Chitosan Biopolymers for Sequestration of Organic Acids in Aquatic Environments after Biodegradation in a Constructed Wetland Treatment System

Pristine chitosan was dissolved in two different respective aqueous acids, namely acetic acid (AcA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). The respective acid solutions were used as media to associate with naphthenic acid fraction compounds (NAFCs) from raw oil sands process water (R-OSPW) contaminants and constructed treatment wetland systems OSPW (CWTS-OSPW) samples. The results revealed selective removal of NAFCs and lyotropic effects due to variable counterion binding of chloride versus acetate with the ionized NAFCs (carboxylate species).
Attachment of Ferredoxin: NADP+ Oxidoreductase to Phycobilisomes Is Required for Photoheterotrophic Growth of the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002

Two types of cyanobacterial phycobilisomes (PBS) are present: the hemidiscoidal PBS (CpcG-PBS) and the membrane-bound PBS (CpcL-PBS). Both types of PBS have ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase (FNR) attached to the termini of their rods through a CpcD domain. To date, the physiological significance of the attachment remains unknown. We constructed a mutant (dF338) which contains an FNR lacking the N-terminal CpcD domain in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Isolated CpcG-PBS from dF338 did not contain FNR and the cell extracts of the mutant had a 35 kDa protein cross-reacting to anti-FNR antibodies. dF338 grows normally under photoautotrophic conditions, but little growth was observed under photoheterotrophic conditions. A cpcL (cpcG2) mutant grows extremely slowly under photoheterotrophic conditions while a cpcG (cpcG1) mutant, in which PBS rods could not attach to the cores of the CpcG-PBS, can grow photoheterotrophically, strongly suggesting that the attachment of FNR to CpcL-PBS is critical to photoheterotrophic growth. We show that electron transfer to the plastoquinone pool in dF338 and the cpcL mutant was impaired. We also provide evidence that trimeric photosystem I (PSI) and intact CpcL-PBS with a full-length FNR is critical to plastoquinone reduction. The presence of a NADPH-dehydrogenase (NDH)-CpcL-PBS-PSI trimer supercomplex and its roles are discussed.
Subjective Evaluation of Basic Emotions from Audio–Visual Data

Understanding of the perception of emotions or affective states in humans is important to develop emotion-aware systems that work in realistic scenarios. In this paper, the perception of emotions in naturalistic human interaction (audio–visual data) is studied using perceptual evaluation. For this purpose, a naturalistic audio–visual emotion database collected from TV broadcasts such as soap-operas and movies, called the IIIT-H Audio–Visual Emotion (IIIT-H AVE) database, is used. The database consists of audio-alone, video-alone, and audio–visual data in English. Using data of all three modes, perceptual tests are conducted for four basic emotions (angry, happy, neutral, and sad) based on category labeling and for two dimensions, namely arousal (active or passive) and valence (positive or negative), based on dimensional labeling. The results indicated that the participants’ perception of emotions was remarkably different between the audio-alone, video-alone, and audio–video data. This finding emphasizes the importance of emotion-specific features compared to commonly used features in the development of emotion-aware systems.
Impact of tartrazine and curcumin on mineral status, and thyroid and reproductive hormones disruption in vivo

Endocrine disrupters (EDCs) are naturally occurring or man-made substances that either mimic or obstruct the functions of oestrogens and androgens, thyroid hormones, as well as microminerals in the body. The present work aimed to evaluate the effects of oral administration of tartrazine and curcumin, synthetic and natural dyes, respectively, on thyroid hormones (T3, T4, and TSH), female reproductive hormones (oestrogen, progesterone, LH, and FSH), and minerals (iron, copper, zinc, sodium, potassium, and chloride) in plasma, liver, and kidney of female rats after 15, 30, and 45 d of treatment. The rats were treated with admissible daily intake (ADI) and 10× ADI (9.6 and 96 mg/kg/body weight for tartrazine, 3.85 and 38.5 mg/kg/body weight for curcumin, respectively). Results showed significant changes in thyroid and female reproductive hormones, especially, in the tartrazine-treated groups as compared to the control. Low and high doses of tartrazine and curcumin significantly (p < 0.05) decreased iron, copper, and zinc concentrations in plasma, whereas, the concentrations of sodium and copper in liver and kidney increased. Both tartrazine and curcumin, at ADI and 10× ADI, resulted in lower LH levels after 30 and 45 d of treatment. After 30 d, low and high dose of tartrazine significantly decreased T4, oestrogen, and FSH levels; whereas, progesterone level increased. The results demonstrated that hormone secretion and mineral content in tissues are severely affected at ADI and higher concentrations of tartrazine and curcumin. These observations suggested that lower doses of these dyes might be a safer option for their usage in foods and pharmaceuticals.
Isocyanonaphthol Derivatives: Excited-State Proton Transfer and Solvatochromic Properties

Fluorescent probes that exhibit solvatochromic or excited-state proton-transfer (ESPT) properties are essential tools for the study of complex biological or chemical systems. Herein, the synthesis and characterization of a novel fluorophore that reveals both features, 5-isocyanonaphthalene-1-ol (ICOL), are reported. Various solvatochromic methods, such as Lippert–Mataga and Bilot–Kawski, together with time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and time-resolved emission spectroscopy (TRES), were applied to gain insights into its excited-state behavior. To make comparisons, the octyloxy derivative of ICOL, 5-isocyano-1-(octyloxy)naphthalene (ICON), was also prepared. We found that internal charge transfer (ICT) takes place between the isocyano and –OH groups of ICOL, and we determined the values of the dipole moments for the ground and excited states of both ICOL and ICON. Furthermore, in the emission spectra of ICOL, a second band at higher wavelengths (green emission) in solvents of higher polarities (dual emission), in addition to the band present at lower wavelengths (blue emission), were observed. The extent of this dual emission increases in the order of 2-propanol < methanol < N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) < dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The presence of the dual fluorescence of ICOL in these solvents can be ascribed to ESPT. For ICOL, we also determined ground- and excited-state pKa values of 8.4 ± 0.3 and 0.9 ± 0.7, respectively, which indicates a considerable increase in acidity upon excitation. The TRES experiments showed that the excited-state lifetimes of the ICOL and ICON spanned from 10.1 ns to 5.0 ns and from 5.7 ns to 3.8 ns, respectively. In addition, we demonstrated that ICOL can be used as an effective indicator of not only the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of ionic (sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)) and nonionic surfactants (Tween 80), but also other micellar parameters, such as partition coefficients, as well as to map the microenvironments in the cavities of biomacromolecules (e.g., BSA). It is also pointed out that fluorescence quenching by pyridine can effectively be utilized for the determination of the fractions of ICOL molecules that reside at the water–micelle interface and in the interior spaces of micelles.
Elevated Mortality Risk from CRKp Associated with Comorbidities: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae has become a public health problem with therapeutic limitations and high mortality associated with comorbidities. Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis with a search in PubMed, SciELO, and Lilacs. Ten articles were selected, considering cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. Tests for proportions and relative risk of mortality were performed, considering a 5% threshold for significance. Statistical analyses were performe dusing Rstudio® software, version 4.0. 2 of Ross Ihaka and Robert Genleman in Auckland, New Zealand. Results: Klebsiella pneumoniae, associated with chronic kidney disease, was responsible for 26%/258 deaths, chronic lung disease 28%/169, diabetes 31%/185, liver disease 15%/262, and heart disease 51%/262 deaths. Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with chronic kidney disease was responsible for 49%/83 deaths, with diabetes 29%/73, and with liver disease 33%/73 deaths. The risk of death from carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae was twice as high as the number of deaths associated with carbapenem-sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae, RR = 2.07 (p < 0.00001). Conclusions: The present study showed an increase in mortality from carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae when associated with comorbidities.
Coral Hydrate, a Novel Antioxidant, Improves Alcohol Intoxication in Mice

Alcohol-drinking culture may cause individuals to periodically experience unpleasant hangovers. In addition, ethanol catabolism stimulates the production of free radicals that may cause liver injury and further lead to the development of chronic alcoholic fatty liver disease. Although a number of studies have suggested that hydrogenated water may be consumed to act as free radical scavenger, its instability limits its application. In this study, we used coral hydrate (i.e., hydrogenated coral materials) as a more stable hydrogen source and evaluated its effects in a murine model of alcohol intoxication. In solution, coral hydrate exhibited much more stable redox potential than did hydrogenated water. Furthermore, administration of coral hydrate by oral gavage significantly prolonged the time to fall asleep and decreased the total sleep time in mice that received intraperitoneal injection of ethanol. The mice receiving coral hydrate also had lower plasma ethanol and acetaldehyde levels than controls. In line with this observation, hepatic expression of alcohol dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were all significantly increased by the treatment. Meanwhile, alcohol-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors was attenuated by the administration of coral hydrate. Taken together, our data suggest that coral hydrate might be an effective novel treatment for alcohol intoxication.
Dynamic integration and online evaluation of vision‐based lane detection algorithms

Lane detection techniques have been widely studied in the last two decades and applied in many advance driver assistance systems. However, the development of a robust lane detection system, which can deal with various road conditions and efficiently evaluate its detection results in real time, is still of great challenge. In this study, a vision-based lane detection system with dynamic integration and online evaluation is proposed. To increase the robustness of the lane detection system, the integration system dynamically processes two lane detection modules. First, a primary lane detection module is designed based on the steerable filter and Hough transform algorithm. Then, a secondary algorithm, which combines the Gaussian mixture model for image segmentation and random sample consensus for lane model fitting, will be activated when the primary algorithm encounters a low detection confidence. To detect the colour and line style of the ego lanes and evaluate the lane detection system in real time, a lane sampling and voting technique is proposed. By combining the sampling and voting system system with prior lane geometry knowledge, the evaluation system can efficiently recognise the false detections. The system works robustly in various complex situations (e.g. shadows, night, and lane missing scenarios) with a monocular camera.
Unsteady aerodynamics of plunging cambered foil at low Reynolds number

The present work focuses on the investigation of unsteady aerodynamics of plunging cambered foil with conditions corresponding to that of a Micro Air Vehicle. The effect of non-dimensional plunge amplitude, plunging frequency and the dimensionless plunge velocity on the propulsive performance of a harmonically plunging cambered foil are studied by varying Reynolds number from 2.5 × 104 to 7.5 × 104. Further, the flow field around the foil is analysed to understand the influence of the above-mentioned parameters and the reasons behind the positive thrust force generation. It is observed that these investigated parameters remarkably influence the instantaneous force coefficients. It is also noticed that these parameters have a significant effect on the topology of the leading edge vortex which can dramatically change the aerodynamic performance of the foil. It is observed that the Reynolds number also has a significant influence on the drag-thrust transition.
Childhood Trauma and Anxiety: The Chain Mediating Effects of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Proactive Coping

Objective: To investigate the chain mediating effect of intolerance of uncertainty and proactive coping on the relationship between childhood trauma and anxiety among Chinese college students. Methods: 409 college students completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Self-rating Anxiety Scale, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale and Proactive Coping Inventory. Results: (1) The score of Proactive Coping Inventory was negatively correlated with those of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and Self-rating Anxiety Scale, while the score of Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale was positively correlated with scores of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and Self-rating Anxiety Scale. There is a positive correlation between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Proactive Coping; (2) Intolerability of uncertainty and proactive coping play a chain mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and anxiety of college students. Conclusion: In the cognitive and coping process of childhood trauma experiencer, intolerance of uncertainty and lack of proactive coping promote the severity of anxiety symptoms, but the chain path of childhood trauma → intolerance of uncertainty → proactive coping → anxiety is a negative mediator, indicating a certain protective mechanism.
QSAR STUDY OF PYRAZOLE-UREA HYBRID COMPOUNDS AS ANTIMALARIAL AGENT VIA PROLYL-tRNA SYNTHETASE INHIBITION

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is one of the emerging potential targets for various tropical diseases such as malaria. One of which, prolyl-tRNA synthetase, has known to possess diverse binding modes such as dual inhibitor with febrifugine and the recently elucidated allosteric site. A recent study showed that pyrazole-urea hybrid analogues are a potential selective inhibitor agent against this enzyme. Here, we have created a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model using multiple linear regression (MLR) and a partial least square (PLS) regression approach. Due to the limited amount of available data, the double cross-validation (DCV) method was employed to overcome a bias which resulted due to some data points being held out for validation. Several optimizations were performed to obtain the best result, namely different data splitting strategies (random and rational) and different correlation threshold values (0.8 and 0.9). Finally, the two best equations obtained from MLR and PLS approaches were evaluated by checking their applicability domain. It is found that the MLR output model yielded the best result, which indicated the significance of Geary autocorrelation and CATS-2D-based descriptors in representing the correlation between pyrazole-urea hybrid analogues and their enzymatic activity.
Correlation of the GC-MS-based metabolite profile of Momordica charantia fruit and its antioxidant activity

Momordica charantia or bitter melon (Cucurbitaceae) is a widely consumed edible fruit with strong antioxidant properties. Due to these properties, it has been commercialised by the natural product industries as a coadjutant in the treatment of various ailments attributable to the deleterious effects of oxidants. The present work aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of M. charantia fruit extracts made with different compositions of ethanol:water, and to identify the metabolites that are responsible for this activity. To this end, the fruit samples were extracted using six different concentrations of ethanol in water (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and multivariate data analysis (MVDA) were used to identify significant antioxidants. The 80% ethanol:water extract showed the most significant (p < 0.05) antioxidant activity when tested with the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) antioxidant assays. The multivariate data analysis revealed that the metabolites related to this antioxidant activity were gentiobiose, glucose, galactonic acid, palmitic acid, galactose, mannose, and fructose.
PROTOCOL: Instruments for the evaluation of emotional intelligence in persons with hearing impairments: A scoping review

Abstract Objective This scoping review aims to identify and describe the instruments used to evaluate emotional intelligence in deaf and hard of hearing (D/HH) persons. Introduction Emotional intelligence is a person's ability to work with emotions in response to a particular situation. Deafness or a hard of hearing has a negative effect on functioning in the field of emotional intelligence and leads to a specific approach to the diagnosis or evaluation of emotional intelligence. Inclusion Criteria The scoping review will consider studies focused on persons who are deaf or hard of hearing at any age. The review will consider studies that feature existing instruments and the process of the evaluation of emotional intelligence in people with hearing disabilities. Relevant information will include the type, extent, and form of possible modification of specific instruments and approaches. Criteria for the exclusion of the study will be in terms of the target category being persons with a cochlear implant, psychiatric diagnoses, persons who have become deaf, and persons with multiple disabilities. Methods The review will be conducted following the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. The databases to be searched include MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Plus, ProQuest Central, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Clinical Trials, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar. The search for unpublished studies will include ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (ProQuest). Eligible studies will undergo data extraction by two independent reviewers using a tool created by the authors. Along with a narrative summary, the results will be presented in diagrammatic or tabular form.
Photo-Cross-Linking Polymersome Nanoreactors with Size-Selective Permeability

The design of stable, inert, and permeable nanoreactors remains a challenge due to the additives required to create a cross-linked network, limiting their potential for catalysis. Polymersomes are nanovesicles self-assembled from amphiphilic block copolymers that can act as nanoreactors by encapsulating catalysts. A major restriction toward their use is their stability and reduced permeability. In order to overcome this, polymersome membranes can be cross-linked to retain their shape and function. Here, we report the synthesis of a PEG-b-P(S-co-4-VBA) polymer, which can self-assemble into polymersomes and subsequently be cross-linked using UV light. We demonstrate that these polymersomes are stable over a long period of time in various organic solvents, that incorporation of functional handles on their surface is possible, and that they are able to undergo reactions. Additionally, we show that co-assembly with up to 40% PEG-b-PS present results in the formation of pores in the membrane structure, which allows for the structure to be used as a nanoreactor. By encapsulating a platinum nanocatalyst, we are able to catalyze the depropargylation of a small coumarin substrate, which was able to enter and leave the porous nanoreactor.