Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the effects of mobility for efficient broadcast data dissemination in I2V networks

In this paper, we consider the problem of disseminating data in Infrastructure-to-Vehicular (I2V) networks. In particular, given a fixed Road Side Unit (RSU) we evaluate the maximum amount of data that can be reliably transferred from the RSU to the vehicles passing in its proximity through a recently proposed multihop probabilistic broadcasting protocol, namely Irresponsible Forwarding (IF). In particular, referring to highway-like Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs), we first characterize a mobile scenario in such a way to make a direct comparison with a static scenario meaningful, taking into account a physical characterization of the network (e.g., in terms of vehicle spatial density). Then, we carry out a comparative investigation considering mobile and static IEEE 802.11 networking scenarios. Our results show that from a single packet perspective, the vehicles' mobility does not affect the behavior of the IF protocol, at least in the considered highway scenarios. However, different conclusions are reached when an information flow (i.e., a series of consecutive packets) is considered. In this context, we determine the maximum amount of data that can be transferred from the RSU to the mobile vehicles passing through a certain region of interest around the RSU.
Overview of Extracellular Matrix

The extracellular matrix provides an environment for cells. It is produced, assembled and modified by cells and in turn, it modifies the functions and behavior of the cells it encounters. The molecules that make up the matrix are diverse in both structure and function. This well‐illustrated unit provides an introduction to the structure and function of the major components of matrix and serves as a background for the other units in the chapter which include protocols for isolation and analysis of individual components.
Macromolecular Synthesis in Hepatocyte Mitochondria of Aging Mice as Revealed by Electron Microscopic Radioautography II : Protein Synthesis

The aging changes of intramitochondrial protein synthesis in hepatocytes of several groups of litter mate mice at various ages, from fetal day 19, to postnatal newborn, adult month 1, 6, year 1 and 2, by means of electron microscopic radioautography after the injections with H-leucine were studied. From the results, it was found that some of the mitochondria in the hepatocytes were labeled with silver grains showing protein syntheses. Quantitative analysis revealed that the intramitochondrial labeling indices with silver grains increased from prenatal day to postnatal newborn, adult month 1, reaching the maxima, then decreased to senile year 1 to 2, indicating the aging changes. Based upon our findings, available literature on macromolecular synthesis in mitochondria of various cells such as proteins and nucleic acids, both DNA and RNA, are reviewed.
Molecular evidence reveals a polyphyletic origin and chromosomal speciation of Lake Baikal's endemic asellid isopods

The six endemic isopod species of Lake Baikal have been regarded as a small species flock with uncertain affinities to related asellids. We provide evidence from 16S rRNA sequences for polyphyletic origins of Baikalian Asellidae. One clade of two species is related to the Eurasian genus Asellus. The other clade, Baicalasellus, shows affinities to North American asellids and may have a long evolutionary history within the lake basin. Some speciation events within Baicalasellus clearly have a chromosomal basis. In contrast with numerous taxa exhibiting monophyletic radiations in ancient lakes, the endemic Baikalian isopods arose by multiple invasions and chromosomal mechanisms.
Overview of Special Sub-section on Money Management Articles: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives on Money Management by Addicts

Background: How addicts manage their funds can be understood from the studies of impulsive spending, contingency management, self-reported expenditures, behavioral economics, and anthropology. Objective: To show how these differing perspectives can provide theoretical explanations for substance abuse, they were applied to the question of when extra “windfall” funds are spent on substances of abuse. Treatment implications of these perspectives were examined. Methods: Relevant literature was reviewed. Results: Behavioral economics and related approaches provide the basis for money-management-based interventions targeting substance abuse, informed configuration of reinforcers to compete with substances, and therapeutically framing the choice between abstinence and substance use. Conclusions and Scientific Significance: A cross-discipline consideration of how addicts manage their funds has the potential to inform and improve substance abuse treatment.
Evolution of international trade and investment from a complex network perspective

In this paper, from a perspective of complex network, we investigate the international trade and investment for more than 200 countries from 2001 to 2010. Through analyzing the topological properties, we find that the average partner numbers for both trade and investment are increasing year by year, and the average volume has a significant decrease in 2008 for investment and 2009 for trade. Although the edge density is dramatically lower and the average path length is longer for the international investment network, its clustering coefficient is higher every year. Moreover, we detect community structures and rank each country according to its total trade or investment volume, which demonstrate that the partnerships for the international trade are more stable, and USA always ranks first in its community for both trade and investment.
Relationship between severity of MR perfusion deficit and DWI lesion evolution

Objective: To assess whether a quantitative analysis of the severity of the early perfusion deficit on MRI in acute ischemic stroke predicts the evolution of the perfusion/diffusion mismatch and to determine thresholds of hypoperfusion that can distinguish between critical and noncritical hypoperfusion. Methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke were studied in whom perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI MRI) were performed within 7 hours of symptom onset and again after 4 to 7 days. Patients with early important decreases in points on the NIH Stroke Scale were excluded. Maps of cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and mean transit time (MTT) were created. These hemodynamic parameters were correlated with the degree of recruitment of the baseline PWI lesion by the DWI lesion. Results: Twelve patients had an initial PWI > DWI mismatch of >20%. A linear relationship was observed between the initial MTT and the degree of recruitment of the baseline PWI lesion by the DWI lesion at follow-up (R2 = 0.9, p < 0.001). Higher CBV values were associated with higher degrees of recruitment (ρ = 0.732, p < 0.007). The volume of MTT of >4 (R2 = 0.86, p < 0.001) or >6 seconds (R2 = 0.85, p < 0.001) predicted final infarct size. Conclusion: Among patients who have had an acute stroke with PWI > DWI, who do not have dramatic early clinical improvement, the degree of expansion of the initial DWI lesion correlates with the severity of the initial perfusion deficit as measured by the mean transit time and the cerebral blood volume.
COYOTE III : DEVELOPMENT OF A MODULAR AND HIGHLY MOBILE MICRO ROVER

Robotic exploration missions are gaining in importance for the exploration of our solar system. A wide range of different scientific goals have been formulated for future exploration of Moon and Mars. In order to achieve these goals a need arises for robotic systems and mission set-ups with increasing complexity. Coyote III is developed within the scope of the project TransTerrA, which aims to implement a logistics chain to handle complex mission tasks. Within this paper the design considerations for Coyote III as well as the development and overall modularity concept, including a modular manipulation device, are presented. Coyote III is a highly mobile modular micro rover platform, able to act as a shuttle rover performing autonomous operations.
Identifying chemical entities in patents using brown clustering and semantic similarity

This paper presents the system we developed for the CHEMDNER task of BioCreative V. This system was adapted from the IICE framework, which combines Conditional Random Fields, implemented by Stanford NER, brown clustering, implemented by Percy Liang’s Cbased algorithm and a semantic similarity based on the h-index concept, applied to the ChEBI ontology. For the CEMP subtask, we obtained a maximum precision of 86.981% (Run 4), maximum recall of 92.327% (Run 3) and maximum F-measure of 84.656% (Run 2), while for the CPD subtask, we obtained maximum specificity of 94.271% (Run 4), maximum sensitivity of 97.875% (Run 3) and maximum MCC of 80.254% (Run 2). Our system achieved the best specificity and third best recall of the task.
Uptake characteristics of liposomes by rat alveolar macrophages: influence of particle size and surface mannose modification

The influence of particle size and surface mannose modification on the uptake of liposomes by alveolar macrophages (AMs) was investigated in‐vitro and in‐vivo. Non‐modified liposomes of five different particle sizes (100, 200, 400, 1000 and 2000 nm) and mannosylated liposomes with 4‐aminophenyl‐α‐D‐mannopyranoside (particle size 1000 nm) were prepared, and the uptake characteristics by rat AMs in‐vitro and in‐vivo were examined. The uptake of non‐modified liposomes by rat AMs in‐vitro increased with an increase in particle size over the range of 100–1000 nm, and became constant at over 1000 nm. The uptake of non‐modified liposomes by AMs after pulmonary administration to rats in‐vivo increased with an increase in particle size in the range 100–2000 nm. The uptake of mannosylated liposomes (particle size 1000 nm) by rat AMs both in‐vitro and in‐vivo was significantly greater than that of non‐modified liposomes (particle size 1000 nm). The results indicate that the uptake of liposomes by rat AMs is dependent on particle size and is increased by surface mannose modification.
Elevated serum IGF‐I, but unaltered sex steroid levels, in healthy boys with pubertal gynaecomastia

Pubertal gynaecomastia is a very common condition. Although the underlying aetiology is poorly understood, it is generally accepted that excess of oestrogens and deficit of androgens are involved in the pathogenesis. Furthermore, adiposity as well as the GH/IGF‐I axis may play a role. In this study, we elucidate the association of adiposity and levels of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone, oestrogen, IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 with the presence of pubertal gynaecomastia in a large cohort of healthy boys.
A comparative analysis of visual and thermal face image fusion based on different wavelet family

To diminish the limitations of the visual and thermal face images, a fusion of them is carried out in order to upgrade the performance. This paper presents fusion based on maximum selection of DB4 wavelet coefficients of visual and thermal images. The dimensions of these fused images are reduced using ICA and these low dimension fused images are classified with the help of SVM. The experimental result of fusion gives approximately 2% and 6% more accuracy than the visual and thermal images respectively for both expression and illumination of IRIS datasets. Further this work is extended with a comparative study of fusion methods based on some other wavelet decompositions such as Haar/DB2, Coiflets, and Symlets. In addition to that, a comparison between two ICA architectures and PCA is also carried out over wavelet fusion methods. It has been noticed that maximum information, classification accuracy, and less error acheieved for haar/db2 fused images.
High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation accelerates and enhances the clinical response to antidepressants in major depression: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, and sham-controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) is a safe and effective treatment for major depression. However, its utility as a strategy to accelerate and improve clinical response to antidepressants is still unclear. DATA SOURCES We searched the literature from 1995 through May 2012 using EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and, from October 2008 until May 2012, by using MEDLINE. We included only studies written in the English language. STUDY SELECTION We selected all randomized, double-blind, and sham-controlled trials on HF-rTMS used as an accelerating (add-on) strategy to antidepressants for major depression. DATA EXTRACTION We performed a random effects meta-analysis using odds ratios (ORs) for response and remission rates following HF-rTMS and sham rTMS. Two time points were considered: the end of the add-on HF-rTMS stimulation period (T1) and the end of the study (T2). RESULTS Data were obtained from 6 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), totaling 392 subjects with major depression. For T1 (at mean ± SD 2.67 ± 0.82 weeks following start of combined rTMS + antidepressant treatment), 6 studies reported on response and 4 on remission rates. We found significantly higher response rates for active HF-rTMS (43.3%; 84/194) compared to sham rTMS (26.8%; 53/198) (OR = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.12-5.56; P = .025); however, remission rates did not differ between groups (P = .33). Heterogeneity between the included RCTs reporting data on response and remission rates at T1 was significant (response: Q5 = 11.4, P = .044, I2 = 56.12; remission: Q3 = 12.24, P = .007, I2 = 75.45). For study end (T2; at mean ± SD 6.80 ± 3.11 weeks following start of combined rTMS + antidepressant treatment), 5 studies reported on response and 4 on remission rates; overall, response rates at T2 were significantly higher for subjects receiving HF-rTMS in comparison to those receiving sham rTMS (62% [104/168] and 46% [79/172], respectively; OR = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.003-3.56; P = .049). Also, 53.8% (57/106) and 38.64% (36/107) of subjects receiving active HF-rTMS and sham rTMS, respectively, were in remission at T2 (OR = 2.42; 95% CI, 1.27-4.61; P = .007). Heterogeneity between the included RCTs reporting data on remission rates at T2 was not significant, although RCTs reporting on response rates at T2 were heterogeneous. The baseline depression scores for active and sham rTMS groups were similar. Finally, HF-rTMS was comparable to sham rTMS in terms of dropout rates. CONCLUSIONS HF-rTMS is a promising strategy for accelerating clinical response to antidepressants in major depression, providing clinically meaningful benefits that are comparable to those of other agents such as triiodothyronine and pindolol. Furthermore, HF-rTMS seems to be an acceptable treatment for depressed subjects.
Variability of antibiotic concentrations in critically ill patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy: A multicentre pharmacokinetic study*

Objectives: In critically ill patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy, we aimed to assess the variability of antibiotic trough concentrations, the influence of effluent flow rates on such concentrations, and the incidence of suboptimal antibiotic dosage. Design: Prospective, observational, multicenter, pharmacokinetic study. Setting: Four tertiary intensive care units within the multicenter RENAL randomized controlled trial of continuous renal replacement therapy intensity. Patients: Twenty-four critically ill adult patients with acute kidney injury receiving ciprofloxacin, meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, or vancomycin during continuous renal replacement therapy. Interventions: We obtained trough blood samples and measured antibiotic concentrations. Measurements and Main Results: We obtained data from 40 dosing intervals and observed wide variability in trough concentrations (6.7-fold for meropenem, 3.8-fold for piperacillin, 10.5-fold for tazobactam, 1.9-fold for vancomycin, and 3.9-fold for ciprofloxacin). The median (interquartile range) trough concentrations (mg/L) for meropenem was 12.1 (7.8–18.4), 105.0 (74.4–204.0)/3.8 (3.4–21.8) for piperacillin/tazobactam, 12.0 (9.8–16.0) for vancomycin, and 3.7 (3.0–5.6) for ciprofloxacin. Overall, 15% of dosing intervals did not meet predetermined minimum therapeutic target concentrations, 40% did not achieve the higher target concentration, and, during 10% of dosing intervals, antibiotic concentrations were excessive. No difference, however, was found between patients on the basis of the intensity of continuous renal replacement therapy; this effect may have been obscured by differences in dosing regimens, time off the filter, or altered pharmacokinetics. Conclusions: There is significant variability in antibiotic trough concentrations in critically ill patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy, which did not only appear to be influenced by effluent flow rate. Here, empirical dosing of antibiotics failed to achieve the target trough antibiotic concentration during 25% of the dosing intervals.
Public policy toward environment 1973: a review and appraisal. Fossil energy.

A review is given of the environmental impact of the entire process of fossil-energy production, from exploration to consumption, to survey the efforts made through public policy to achieve a satisfactory quality of life. The validity of the U.S. present growth ethic in total energy requirements will ultimately be questioned, but a steadily increasing energy supply of a few percent per year may be assumed an essential goal.
Functional Harmonic Analysis Using Probabilistic Models

A variety of musical analysis techniques, often collectively referred to as functional harmonic analysis, represents a musical passage as a sequence of chords. The chords are expressed in terms of their function (e.g., dominant or tonic), often written with corresponding Roman numerals like V or I. Each chord is analyzed in the context of a key, which might modulate over time. This article focuses on the study of algorithms for this type of analysis. An obvious application of algorithmic harmonic analysis would be locating musical examples in a database matching a particular harmonic query, for example, "What are the earliest examples of the use of German augmented sixth chords or Neapolitan chords? " "Which Beatles songs have deceptive cadences? " "Where can I buy the piece I heard on the radio with the harmonic progression I vi IV V I repeated many times? " It is likely that such applications will be most useful to musicologists, because the mere formulation of such queries requires a more sophisticated understanding of harmony than would be expected of an average music enthusiast.
1RXS J232953.9+062814: A Dwarf Nova with a 64 Minute Orbital Period and a Conspicuous Secondary Star

We present spectroscopy and time series photometry of the newly discovered dwarf nova 1RXS J232953.9+062814. Photometry in the superoutburst reveals a superhump with a period of 66.06(6) minutes. The low-state spectrum shows Balmer and He I emission on a blue continuum and, in addition, a rich absorption spectrum of type K4 ± 2. The absorption velocity is modulated sinusoidally at Porb = 64.176(5) minutes, with semiamplitude of K = 348(4) km s-1. The low-state light curve is double humped at this period and is phased as expected for ellipsoidal variations. The absorption strength does not vary appreciably around the orbit. The orbital period is shorter than any other cataclysmic variable save for a handful of helium-star systems and V485 Centauri (59 minutes). The secondary is much hotter than main-sequence stars of similar mass, but it is well matched by helium-enriched models, indicating that the secondary evolved from a more massive progenitor. A preliminary calculation in which a 1.2 M☉ star begins mass transfer near the end of hydrogen burning matches this system's characteristics remarkably well.
A Design Methodology for Implementation of Serial Peripheral Interface Using VHDL

vi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTON 1 1.1 In-System Programmability 1 1.1.1 CPLD – MAX 7000S Devices 2 1.1. 2 FPGA – FLEX 10K 3 CHAPTER 2 APPLICATIONS OF A SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE 5 2.1 Robotic Teleoperation 5 2.2 Sensor Bus 6 2.3 Communication Between a Smart Sensor and the Servo Driver 8 CHAPTER 3 INTRODUCTION TO PCB DESIGN USING PROTEL 10 3.1 Rules Driven Layout and Routing 11 3.2 Situs Topological Autorouting 11 3.3 Integrated Mixed Signal Simulation 11 3.4 Pre and Post-Layout Signal Integrity Analysis 11 3.5 Integration of the PCB and FPGA Designs 12 3.6 Complete and Configurable Board-Level Design Environment 12 3.7 Schematic Document of the Circuit 12 3.7. 1 MAX 7000S Devices 13 3.8 Printed Circuit Board Design for the Schematic 15 CHAPTER 4 SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE USING VHDL 20 4.1 SPI Control Register 21
Male dispersal in the noctule bat (Nyctalus noctula): where are the limits?

Studying the dispersal behaviour of small, volant, and nocturnal animals such as microchiropterans with direct methods (banding–recapture, telemetry) is a very difficult task. The development of easily scorable and highly variable genetic markers nowadays allows us to study some aspects of dispersal indirectly, using population genetics. Here, we applied this indirect methods to characterize male dispersal behaviour in a European bat species. The eight microsatellite loci analysed were highly variable in all the nursing colonies assessed (h = 0.63 to 0.93). Contrary to what we found in the mtDNA, an AMOVA and F-statistics showed that the overall European population structure of the noctule bat was very weak, indicating a high male dispersal rate. Nevertheless, the population was not totally panmictic (theta = 0.006, p < 0.001), and neither isolation by distance, nor influence of migration could account for this result. Rather, an analysis of pairwise theta-values showed that the population structure might be explained partly by a geographical barrier to gene flow (the Alps), and partly by the fact that there is some limit to the distance the males can disperse.
Lower responsiveness of canopy evapotranspiration rate than of leaf stomatal conductance to open‐air CO2 elevation in rice

An elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) can reduce stomatal conductance of leaves for most plant species, including rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, few studies have quantified seasonal changes in the effects of elevated [CO2] on canopy evapotranspiration, which integrates the response of stomatal conductance of individual leaves with other responses, such as leaf area expansion, changes in leaf surface temperature, and changes in developmental stages, in field conditions. We conducted a field experiment to measure seasonal changes in stomatal conductance of the uppermost leaves and in the evapotranspiration, transpiration, and evaporation rates using a lysimeter method. The study was conducted for flooded rice under open‐air CO2 elevation. Stomatal conductance decreased by 27% under elevated [CO2], averaged throughout the growing season, and evapotranspiration decreased by an average of 5% during the same period. The decrease in daily evapotranspiration caused by elevated [CO2] was more significantly correlated with air temperature and leaf area index (LAI) rather than with other parameters of solar radiation, days after transplanting, vapor‐pressure deficit and FAO reference evapotranspiration. This indicates that higher air temperatures, within the range from 16 to 27 °C, and a larger LAI, within the range from 0 to 4 m2 m−2, can increase the magnitude of the decrease in evapotranspiration rate caused by elevated [CO2]. The crop coefficient (i.e. the evapotranspiration rate divided by the FAO reference evapotranspiration rate) was 1.24 at ambient [CO2] and 1.17 at elevated [CO2]. This study provides the first direct measurement of the effects of elevated [CO2] on rice canopy evapotranspiration under open‐air conditions using the lysimeter method, and the results will improve future predictions of water use in rice fields.