Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paramagnetic Metal Complexes as Water Proton Relaxation Agents for NMR Imaging : Theory and Design

The development of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging techniques as a clinical diagnostic modality has prompted the need for a new class of pharmaceuticals. These drugs would be administered to a patient in order to (1) enhance the image contrast between normal and diseased tissue and/or (2) indicate the status of organ function or blood flow. The image intensity in 'H NMR imaging, largely composed of the NMR signal of water protons, is dependent on nuclear relaxation times. Complexes of paramagnetic transition Randall 8. Lauffer was born in Livermore. CA. in 1957. H e recelved a B.S. in Chemistry from Wake Forest University in 1979 and a Ph.D. from Cornell University in 1983. H e was a National Institutes of Health Postdoctoral Fellow from 1984-1986 in the Department of Radiology at Massachusetts General Hospkal. Boston. MA. and Harvard Medical Schwl. H e is currently director of the NMR Contrast Media Laboratory at Massachusetts General Hospital. a National Institutes of Health New Investigator. and an Assistant Professor at Harvard Medical School in t h e Radiology Department. His research interests are in the areas of bwinorganic chemistry and NMR. focusing in particular on the interactions between metal complexes and proteins and the development and characterization of metal complexes as diagnostic agents for NMR imaging.
The Use of Online Semi-Structured Interviews in Interpretive Research

Semi structured interviews are commonly used in qualitative research generally and interpretive research in particular.Semi-structured interviews can be an effective tool in interpretive research because they help the researcher gain in-depth data of participants’ perspectives and make sense of their lived stories and experiences as told by them. Semi structured interviews can take different forms such as face-to-face and online and have a number of advantages like flexibility and are interactive in nature. However, semi-structured interviews especially the online ones can be challenging for researchers because all the visual and non-verbal cues (facial expressions, gestures, body language) which can help to contextualize the interview in a face-to-face scenario are lost (O'Connor et al., 2008). This paper presents the researcher's experience of using online semi-structured interviews in interpretive research, and what the researcher has learnt from this experience.
Effect of riverbed morphology, stream order and season on the structural and functional attributes of caddisfly assemblages (Insecta: Trichoptera)

We tested the individual and joint effects of stream order, riverbed morphology (i.e. pool-riffle sequence), and season on the structural (i.e. species composition, density and richness) and functional (i.e. percent ratio of shredders, collectors, scrapers, and predators) properties of caddisfly assemblages in a closely natural headwater system (Borzsony Mts., North Hungary). Each factor, both individually and in interaction had a significant effect on caddisfly assemblages as shown by MANOVA analyses. To clarify the effects of stream order, riverbed morphology and season on caddisflies, assemblage properties were also separately studied by ANOVAs. Percent ratio of shredders and collectors were strongly affected by all factors, whereas other attributes were not always sensitive to stream order, season and riverbed morphology. In contrast, species compositions of the reaches differing in stream order and riverbed morphology were significantly different. Our findings on the contrasting differences in shredder composition between riffles and pools may suggest that not only riparian vegetation, but also instream habitat features could shape the accumulation and retention of particulate organic matter (in streams with pool-riffle heterogeneity).
Denitrifying and nitrous oxide reducing genotypes Ecophysiology and niche differentiation

Denitrifikation är en biogeokemisk process som har stor betydelse för kväveförlust från ekosystem. Processen består av fyra steg och är modulär; organismer kan ha genetisk potential för att utföra alla steg eller enbart vissa av stegen och i varje steg finns det varianter av generna. Det sista steget är den enda kända biologiska sänkan av dikväveoxid (lustgas), en potent växthusgas och ozonförstörande substans. Syftet med denna avhandling var att bedöma om specifika miljöförhållanden gynnar vissa denitrifierande och lustgasreducerande genotyper. Effekterna av kväve-, koloch syretillgänglighet samt av habitattyp och diversitet undersöktes i studier av denitrifierande och lustgasreducerande mikroorganismer i renkulturer, anrikningskulturer och i naturliga samhällen från kustsediment. Detta arbete undersöker sambandet mellan genetisk potential och funktionalitet hos denitrifierande och lustgasreducerande mikrobiella samhällen genom att använda molekylära tekniker där funktionella gener som kodar för nitritoch dikväveoxid-reduktaser utgör målet. Mikroorganismer som har gener för fullständig denitrifikation dominerade i kustnära sediment, oberoende av syreförhållanden och habitattyp, vilket tyder på att de har en viktig roll inte bara för att ta bort kväve, utan också för att reducera lustgas i kustekosystem. Syre påverkade emellertid de lustgasreducerande samhällena. Resultaten indikerar att det förekommer nischdifferentiering mellan lustgasreducerande mikroorganismer i förhållande till oxiska/anoxiska betingelser, eftersom vissa syreregimer gynnade specifika fylogenetiska linjer av dikväveoxidreduktaser. I anrikningskulturer var kompletta denitrifierare konkurrenskraftiga och kunde konkurrera ut lustgasreducerande organismer när kol och lustgas var begränsande. För denitrifierare observerades funktionell skillnad mellan generna nirS och nirK som kodar för två strukturellt olika nitritreduktaser i samma organism, vilket bekräftar att även nära besläktade och nästan identiska genotyper skiljer sig åt i denitrifikationsaktivitet. Vidare utvärderades primrar för nitritreducerande samhällen, nirSoch nirK-primrar, och gruppspecifika primrar föreslås. Slutligen föreslås ett ramverk för primerutvärdering med hjälp av metagenom. Resultaten i avhandlingen lyfter fram vikten av att räkna med den genetiska potentialen hos denitrifierande och lustgasreducerande mikrobiella samhällen för att bättre förstå övergripande ekosystembegränsningar och hur miljöfaktorer kan kontrollera denna potential. Denitrifierande och lustgasreducerande genotyper. Ekofysiologi och nischdifferentiering
In-Vivo Performance of the CarieScan Pro Device for Detection of Occlusal Dentine Lesions

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in-vivo performance of the CarieScan Pro (CS) device based on AC Impedance Spectroscopy technology (ACIST) on occlusal surfaces. Subjects and Methods: The ethics committee approved the study and the participants gave informed consent. The study included 144 unrestored permanent molars from 24 patients. The occlusal surfaces of the teeth were examined visually using ICDAS criteria. Then CarieScan measurements were performed. The actual depth of the lesions was assessed using radiographs and/or clinically by opening the lesion when appropriate. Correlation between all methods was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rs). Sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) were calculated at the D3- (dentine caries) diagnostic threshold and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was assessed. Results: Significant positive correlation was found between ICDAS, CS measurements and the reference standard (rs 0.37–0.72, P<0.0001). The AUC for ICDAS and CS were 0.93 and 0.84, respectively. Sensitivity/specificity for ICDAS and CS were 72.0%/96.6% and 68.0%/90.8%, respectively. Comparison of the ROC curves showed no significant difference between the ICDAS and CarieScan Pro performance (P = 0.129). Conclusion: Both methods showed good diagnostic performance in detection of dentine caries on occlusal surfaces.
2GHz repetition-rate femtosecond blue sources by second harmonic generation in a resonantly enhanced cavity

We report a 2GHz repetition-rate, all-solid-state femtosecond blue source. Pumped by a 740mW femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser with the same repetition rate, 150mW femtosecond pulses at 409nm can be efficiently generated from the external resonant cavity with a lithium triborate crystal.
Dynamic Analysis of Automatic Facial Expressions Recognition ‗in the Wild‘ Using Generalized Additive Mixed Models and Significant Zero Crossing of the Derivatives

The analysis of facial expressions is currently a favoured method of inferring experienced emotion, and consequently significant efforts are currently being made to develop improved facial expression recognition techniques. Among these new techniques, those which allow the automatic recognition of facial expression appear to be most promising. This paper presents a new method of facial expression analysis with a focus on the continuous evolution of emotions using Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMM) and Significant Zero Crossing of the Derivatives (SiZer). The time-series analysis of the emotions experienced by participants watching a series of three different online videos suggests that analysis of facial expressions at the overall level may lead to misinterpretation of the emotional experience whereas non-linear analysis allows the significant expressive sequences to be identified.
Image Retrieval with the use of different color spaces and the texture feature

Traditional text based methods are proven to be insufficient for retrieval of images from the large image data base. For large data base assigning the labels to each image using text is extremely time consuming and is valid for only one language at a time. Different users can assign different labels to the same image. To overcome these drawbacks images can be retrieved with the help of contents present in that image. This type of retrieval of image is called as Content Based Image Retrieval. Image contains two types of features High level features and Low level features. These features are nothing but the actual contents present in that image. Extracting these features we can retrieve the images. For low level feature color, RGB space is converted into HSV space and YCbCr space, for getting the better results. For image retrieval using texture, co-occurrence matrix is used. These low level features are used according to applications. In case of natural images color feature gives better result while for textured images co-occurrence matrix gives the better results.
First principles study of oxidation of Si-segregated α-Ti(0001) surfaces

The oxidation of the α-Ti(0001) surface was studied using the density functional theory. To enhance the oxidation resistance, we substituted Ti atoms with Si atoms on the Ti(0001) surface. We observed that Si prefers to segregate at the surface layer of Ti(0001) compared with other subsurface layers. The Si solubility on the Ti(0001) surface, based on the segregation energy, was found to be much larger than the corresponding bulk solubility. Si segregation was found to reduce the binding between the oxygen atom and the Ti(0001) surface and hinder the diffusion of oxygen atoms into the slab. The dissociation of the oxygen molecule on the clean and Si-segregated surfaces of Ti was found to be barrierless. Overall, the Si segregation on the Ti(0001) surface was found to hinder the dissolution of oxygen in Ti.
A Novel Secured RGB LSB Steganography with Enhanced Stego- Image Quality

Steganography is the science of writing hidden messages in such a way that no one apart from the intended recipient knows of the existence of the messages. Steganography is a greek origin word which is pronounced as Stehg-uh-nah-grunf-ee where steganous means secret or covered and graphie means writing. In this paper a new steganography technique is presented, implemented and analyzed. The proposed RGB LSB method hides the secret message based on the comparison and searching about the identical bits between the secret messages and image pixel values. The proposed method is compared with LSB benchmarking method and achieved a efficient image with enhanced stego-image quality.
Composition and diversity of endophytic bacterial communities in noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) seeds

*Corresponding Author Email: ly81150@163.com Tel. :+ 86-10-53218288 The objective of this study is to investigate the endophytic bacterial communities in Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) seeds. By using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technique, a research on the diversity of endophytic bacterial communities in Noni seed samples was conducted by this paper, which were collected from four planting locations in the introduction and cultivation base of Hainan Noni Biological Engineering Development Co., Ltd. in Sanya. A total of 268159 sequences and 2870 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were obtained from the seed samples, which were classified into N1, N2, N3 and N4, through HTS by bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that there was a good consistency between bacterial community structure and distribution of dominant genus in all samples. A mount of 10 OTUs of the most abundance associated with the four sample libraries were found to be related to Pelomonas sp. , Ochrobactrum intermedium, Kinneretia sp. , Serratia sp. , Paucibacter sp. , Leptothrix sp. , Inhella sp. , Ewingella sp. , Thiomonas sp. and Massilia sp.This study has laid a solid foundation for further study in beneficial microbes, which would help to improve the growth and efficacy of component production in Noni plants.
Viral Dark Matter in the Gut Virome of Elderly Humans

The human virome is an area of increasing interest with relation to human health and disease. It has been demonstrated to alter in concert with the bacterial microbiome in early life and was also found to be different in patients with certain diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. However, all virome analyses are hampered by a lack of annotated representative database sequences, often referred to as the ‘viral dark matter’. Here we provide the first description of the gut DNA virome in elderly individuals (>65 years old) as well as the description of novel bacteriophages not present in current reference databases. Diversity analysis comparing elderly persons from different residence locations (community living vs long term care facilities) did not reveal any difference in their virome diversity profiles despite the reported differences at the bacteriome level. An abundance of Microviridae of the subfamily Gokushovirinae were present in the faeces of elderly individuals. Several novel members of the order Caudovirales were also characterized and annotated. Assignment of host bacteria to detected viral genomes was attempted using a combination of CRISPR spacers, tRNA genes and a probabilistic approach. Further characterization of the viral dark matter is necessary for developing tools and expanding databases to study the human virome. This study focused on the virome of an aging human cohort with the goal of illuminating part of the viral dark matter.
Heterogeneous beliefs, trading risk, and the equity premium

Portfolios of agents who have heterogeneous beliefs about fundamental growth face an exposure to ‘trading risk’, the risk of incurring losses due to equilibrium prices responding to beliefs of other agents. Agents with a coefficient of relative risk aversion of less than one have a ‘speculative’ demand for risky assets and a desire to save more in periods of high dispersion and low disagreement between their models, times of high trading risk. Calibrated to fundamentals and dispersion of expected growth rates from surveys, the model generates time-varying per capita consumption volatility and cross-sectional consumption dispersion with averages close to empirical estimates. The unconditional equity premium generated from conditional Euler equations of our model attains about half its historical value, while the average riskless rate is lower than a benchmark homogeneous beliefs model by about one percent. ∗I thank Suleyman Basak, Brian Boyer (EFA Discussant), Michael Brennan, Benjamin Croitoru, Kent Daniel, Darrell Duffie, Bob Goldstein, John Heaton, Hong Liu, Joe Ostroy, Anna Pavlova, Chris Telmer (AFA Discussant), Pietro Veronesi, and specially Phil Dybvig, as well as seminar participants at Washington University, London Business School, Lancaster, Calgary, South Carolina, Central Florida, St. Louis Fed, Brigham Young University, the 2004 Annual Derivatives Securities Conference, Third World Congress of theBachelier Finance Society, the 2004 European Finance Association, the 2004 Annual Conference on Financial Economics and Accounting, a d the2005 American Finance Association for helpful comments. Address: Campus Box 1133, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899. Phone: (314) 935-6431, Fax: (314) 935-6359, E. Mail: david@olin.wustl. edu.
Interactions between motivation, emotion and attention: From biology to robotics

A model of emotional conditioning is ex- tended with a cortical model where stimulus codes compete for activation. This system is combined with motivational inputs that mod- ulate both sensory and emotional processing. The extended model is able to reproduce the attentional blocking effect. It can also learn to switch between different sensory targets when the motivational state changes. The relation between motivation, emotion, and attention control is learned through the presentation of different stimuli in combination with reward. The model has also been used to control sac- cades in a stereo vision head that learns what object are compatible with what motivations. (Less)
Interaction Profiling Identifies the Human Nuclear EXosome Targeting ( NEXT ) Complex

1 Centre for mRNP Biogenesis and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 3, Bldg. 1130, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, 2 Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland, 3 Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, ul. Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland, 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
The Impact of Action Video Game Training on Mathematical Abilities in Adults

Playing action video games has previously been linked to improvements in attentional control, the ability to choose what to attend and what to ignore that relies on a frontoparietal network of the brain. Here we asked whether action video game training would impact a range of mathematical abilities that rely on similar brain regions. Twenty-four adults completed extensive cognitive testing before, after 25 hr, and after 40 hr of video game training. Half of the participants trained on an action video game, the other half trained on a nonaction video game. Action video game training yielded no significant improvements in foundational number-processing skills and attentional control in this study but some improvements on standardized assessments of complex mathematics. Thus, although action video game play is clearly not an intervention of choice when considering mathematical skills, the present study suggests its use as a recreational activity may support, albeit weakly, complex mathematical skills.
Two new species of Pluteus (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) from China

Two new species of Pluteus section Pluteus , P. griseodiscus and P. purpureofuscus , are described from China. Pluteus griseodiscus is characterized by the pale basidiomata, non-pigmented lamellar edges, thick-walled cheilocystidia and the presence of caulocystidia. Pluteus purpureofuscus is characterized by a purple-brown pileus, presence of clamp-connections, and growth on coniferous wood. The phylogenetic position of both species is also discussed based on nrITS data.
EFFECT OF SEED PRIMING ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF TWO MEDICINAL PLANTS UNDER SALINITY

Priming is one of the seed enhancement methods that might be resulted in increasing seedperformance (germination and emergence) under stress conditions such as salinity, temperature anddrought stress. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of different priming types onseed germination of two medicinal plants including pot marigold (Calendula officinalis) and sweetfennel (Foeniculum vulgare) under salinity stress. Treatments were combinations of 5 levels ofsalinity stress (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 ds m-1) and 5 levels of priming (control, GA3, Manitol, NaCl anddistilled water) with 3 replications. Seeds of pot marigold and sweet fennel were primed for 24 h at25°C. Results indicated that with increasing salinity, germination traits such as germination percent,rate and plumule length decreased, but seed priming with GA3 and NaCl showed lower decrease. Inall of the salinity levels, primed seeds (except manitol) possessed more germination rate and plumulelength than control. The highest radicle fresh and dry weight in pot marigold was seen at 7.5 ds m-1salinity stress level. It seems that higher germination rate in pot marigold shows higher tolerance tosalinity than sweet fennel. Priming with NaCl and GA3 caused an increase in germination percent ofpot marigold and sweet fennel in various range of salinity, but in lower salinity levels percent ofgermination was higher than upper ones. The result of this experiment is consistent with thehypothesis that under undesirable conditions such as salinity stress, priming with GA3 and NaCl canprepare a suitable metabolic reaction in seeds and can improve seed germination performance andseedling establishment
Kinetics of the Transformation of Trichloroethylene and Tetrachloroethylene by Iron Sulfide

The transformation of trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE) by 10 g/L (0.5 m2/L) FeS in aqueous solution at pH 8.3 was studied in batch experiments. TCE and PCE were transformed by FeS with pseudo-first-order rate constants, corrected for partitioning to the sample headspace, of (1.49 ± 0.14) × 10-3 h-1 (TCE) and (5.7 ± 1.0) × 10-4 h-1 (PCE). A 17% decrease in the concentration of 1,1-DCE was observed over 120 days; however, no reaction products were detected. TCE and PCE transformation data were fit to a rate law assuming transformation of TCE via parallel reaction pathways to acetylene and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE) and transformation of PCE via parallel reaction pathways to acetylene and TCE. Acetylene was the major reaction product for both TCE and PCE. Determination of rate constants for each reaction pathway indicated that TCE was transformed to acetylene 11.8 ± 1.1 times faster than to cis-DCE and that PCE was transformed to acetylene 8.2 ± 1.
A DESCRIPTION OF THE STATISTICS BEHIND ANALYZING PERFOR- MANCE DATA: A Five-Year Study of an Summer Bridge Program for In- coming

Dr. Carol S. Stwalley, PE joined the Minority Engineering Program team in the fall of 2007 as Recruitment and Retention Analyst. She earned her Bachelor of Science in Agriculture and Biological Engineering (ABE), MSABE, and PhD ABE from Purdue University. Carol has more than 14 years in diversity work with considerable background working with the Women in Engineering Programs at Purdue. In her current capacity as Recruitment and Retention Analyst for the Minority Engineering Program and the Purdue Office of Institutional Assessment, Dr. Stwalley collects, analyzes and manages data pertaining to the outreach, recruitment, retention and graduation of engineering students from historically underrepresented groups.