Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Benzothiazole compounds. III. Synthesis and biological activity of substituted AT-(2-benzothiazolyl)ureas and benzothiazolyldihydrouracils

I t is known from the literature [1 — 4] that some benzothiazolylureas or thiazolylureas [5 — 8] are biologically active. In this work, attention was paid to the synthesis of iV-(4-X-6-X-2-benzothiazolyl)-A-(r-bromopropionyl)ureas (X = H, SON; X 1 = CH3, Í-C3H7, CI, Bi\ Ж>2, SCN) and their cyclization to 1-(4-X-6-X-2-benzothiazolyl)dihydrouracils. The starting 4,6-substituted 2-aminobenzothiazoles were prepared accord­ ing to [3, 9—12]. 2-Amino-4-thiocyanato-6-isopropylbenzothiazole, not described as yet, was synthesized by a modified method. Its structure was proved by i.r. spectrum. The reactions of 4,6-substituted 2-aminobenzothiazoles with ß-bromopropionyl isocyanate proceeded in the mixture of ether —tetrahydrofuran (2 1; compounds I —III) or tetrahydrofuran (compounds IV—VII) according to their solubility. Yields of the prepared derivatives of JV-(2-benzothiazolyl)-A-(/Ji-biomopropionyl)urea varied from 44 to 63% (Table 1). 2-Aminobenzothiazole occurs in two tautomeric forms [13] and probably both amino and imino forms could react. The i.r. spectra of the prepared ureas did not show absorption bands of imino group (C = N— stretching vibrations at 1645—1620 cm 1 and = N — H stretching vibrations at 3400 —3300 cm ) . Therefore we assume that only the amino group reacted with ß-bromopropionyl isocyanate. This is in agreement with the literature data about the structure of the reaction products of 2-aminobenzothiazole with other isocyanates [3, 4, 16]. This renders possible to explain also the lower yields when compared with those obtained in reactions of other arylamines with ß-bromopropionyl isocyanate [14, 15]. The heating of A-(6-X-2-benzothiazolyl)-A-(^-bromopropionyl)ureas (X = CI, Br) with diethylamine in acetone led to the formation of l-(6-X-2-benzothiazolyl)dihydrouracils (X = CI, Br; Scheme 1) instead of A-(6-X-2-benzothiazolyl)-iV'-(ß-diethylaminopropionyl)ureas. Their structures were determined by interpretation of the n.m. r. spectra where a resonance signal (6.76 T) corresponding to — CH2—N< group was observed. This signal was split into a triplet due to the interaction with protons of the neighbouring methylene group. Another triplet (8.28 т) corresponding to protons of — CH2 — CO— group was also observed. I t was impossible to prove reliably the structure by i.r. spectroscopy because
Genotypic Detection of Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia Coli Producing NDM-1 Gene for the First Time in Baghdad/Iraq

For the first time, this study reports the presence of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase gene (NDM-1 gene) among Carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates in Baghdad / Iraq. Sixty six E. coli clinical isolates were collected from Baghdad Teaching Hospital/ Medical city in Baghdad. The isolates were obtained from different clinical specimens including urine, wound swabs, sputum and blood. All isolates were identified by Vitek-2 system and the susceptibility test to different antibiotics was also done by Vitek-2 system. The results showed most isolates under the study were multidrug resistance and all 66 E. coli isolates had 100% resistance to Ampicillin. The most effective antibiotic against E. coli isolates was Imipenem followed by Amikacin. The results also showed that 5 (7.6%) isolates out of 66 E. coli were resist for Imipenem (Carbapenem resistant E. coli isolates). By using conventional PCR, the blaNDM-1 gene was detected in 2 (40%) isolates, out of 5 Carbapenem resistant E. coli isolates and the3 (60%) isolates of Carbapenem resistant E. coli don’t harboring bla NDM-1 gene. Sequencing of (983 bp) blaNDM-1 amp icon was carried out by Macrogen DNA Sequencing and aligning of the obtained sequences with the reference strains in Gen Bank confirmed the correct identification of blaNDM-1 in Carbapenem resistant E. coli. The data sequencing revealed (100%) homology with reference strains in Gen Bank and the data of blaNDM-1 sequencing was submitted to the Gen Bank of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) under the accession number (KY966040). Keywords: Escherichia coli , Carbapenem resistance and bla NDM-1 gene genes.
Applied Numerical Electromagnetic Analysis for Planar High Frequency Circuits

Numerical electromagnetics entered mainstream high frequency and microwave design starting about 1990. Today, with much faster computers and more powerful algorithms and design flows, numerical electromagnetics is now considered as required in nearly all high-frequency design. This article discusses the impact of numerical electromagnetics on design of planar circuits at high frequency, including silicon and gallium arsenide integrated radiofrequency integrated circuits (RFIC), and low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) circuits. Keywords: electromagnetic; computer-aided design; planar circuit; radiofrequency integrated circuit; RFIC
Recommender Framework for Sentimental Analysis using l-injection

We build up a novel structure, named as l-injection, to address the sparsity issue of recommender frameworks. Via precisely infusing low esteems to a chose set of unrated client thing sets in a client thing framework, we show that best N proposal correctness‘s of different community oriented separating (CF) systems can be altogether and reliably moved forward. We initially embrace the thought of pre-utilize inclinations of clients toward a tremendous measure of unrated things. Utilizing this thought, we distinguish uninteresting things that have not been evaluated yet but rather are probably going to get low appraisals from clients, and specifically ascribe them as low esteems. As our proposed approach is technique rationalist, it can be effectively connected to an assortment of CF calculations. Through extensive investigations with three genuine datasets (e.g., Movielens, Ciao, and Watcha), we show that our answer reliably and generally upgrades the exactnesses of existing CF calculations (e.g., thing based CF, SVD-based CF, and SVD++) by 2.5 to 5 times overall. Besides, our answer enhances the running time of those CF techniques by 1.2 to 2.3 times when its setting produces the best precision.
INFLUENCE OF CHOICE OF TIME PERIOD ON GLOBAL SURFACE TEMPERATURE TREND ESTIMATES

Annual global surface temperature and global land surface temperature trends are calculated for all possible periods of the historical record between 1850 and 2009. Two-dimensional parameter diagrams show the critical influence of the choice of start and end years on the calculated trend and associated temperature changes and suggest time scales required to establish robust trends. The largest trends and associated temperature changes are all positive and have occurred over periods ending in recent years. Substantial positive changes also occurred from the early twentieth century until the mid-1940s. The continents exhibit greater long-term warming than the global average overall, but less warming in the early part of the century (segments ending in the 1940s). The recent period of short-term cooling beginning in the late 1990s is neither statistically significant nor unusual in the context of trend variability in the full historical record. Global-mean and land surface temperature changes for periods end.
Predators detect the welfare of their potential prey and cull those that are poorly

Aim: Test the hypothesis that predators influence the fitness of their prey by taking prey individuals disproportionately in poorer condition. Questions: How do wild, herbivorous animals taken by predators in nature differ from those that survive? Organisms: Wild prey – Saiga tatarica (an antelope) and Lepus europaeus (brown hare). The predator – trained hunting dogs (sighthounds). Methods: We compared the prey taken by sighthounds in the field to those shot by human hunters. We conducted pathological, anatomical, and microbiological studies and compared the results for prey taken by sighthounds with prey taken by human hunters. We used GPS technology to track, second by second, the speed and direction of hounds that were hunting. To determine the concentration of microorganisms on their skin, we studied animals killed by human hunters as well as by hounds. Finally, we studied the reaction of the hounds to olfactory stimuli of bacterial origin. Results: The hunting success of the hounds is well below 50%. The predator must try repeatedly to capture its prey. Animals taken by hounds do not differ by sex, age, size or any movement parameter compared with those shot by humans. But the individuals taken by hounds, unlike those shot by humans, include only antelope with abnormal internal organs and hare with low kidney fat and a relatively high concentration of skin microorganisms. The reduced prospects of prey individuals are signalled by odour, formed at least partly by microflora. The hounds sense this odour and respond to it positively. Conclusions: The moderately low hunting success of predators results in the highly efficient elimination of prey specimens in poor condition. If condition correlates with fitness, then the predator culls specimens with reduced fitness, and that can stabilize the fitness of the prey.
Interannual and decadal variability of the western Pacific sea surface condition for the years 1787–2000: Reconstruction based on stable isotope record from a Guam coral

[1] We present a monthly resolved, 213-year stable isotope time series from a coral from Guam (13°N, 145°E), which is located on the northern edge of the western Pacific warm pool. Oxygen isotopic composition of the coral skeleton (δ18Ocoral) shows seasonal, interannual, and decadal variability, which documents significant oceanographic changes related to thermal and hydrologic variations in this region. The δ18Ocoral anomaly reflects sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly and sea surface salinity (SSS) anomaly with significant r values of −0.69 and 0.49, respectively, which are strongly linked to oceanographic changes that occur during El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) warm and cool phases. We identified 46 ENSO warm (El Nino) and 53 cool phases (La Nina) in the coral record, which are consistent with those phases reconstructed by Nino 3.4 SST anomaly. Spectral analyses of the δ18Ocoral anomaly record for the years 1790–1999 identified significant peaks around ∼3 to ∼7 years. These results indicate that the Guam coral has recorded ENSO periodicity. The δ18Ocoral anomaly shows decadal variability of ∼15- to ∼45-year periodicity with significant shifts (<0.2‰) from warmer to cooler condition and vice versa. An accumulative decrease in δ18Ocoral time series may imply ∼0.75°C warming of SST and ∼0.23‰ freshening of seawater δ18O, corresponding to a decrease of SSS by ∼0.85, in the northwestern tropical Pacific over the last 2 centuries.
What makes a successful spoken request? Using corpus tools to analyse learner language in a UK EAP context

This study analyses the language of successful spoken requests used by Chinese intermediate level English for Academic Purposes (EAP) students in Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) at a UK higher education institution. Using corpus tools, the authors examined the frequent words, chunks and moves in request data and compared this to general reference corpora. Findings suggest that successful spoken requests often made use of high frequency modals and chunks. The data also demonstrated that the use of appropriate request moves were often associated with success, even if the language used contained linguistic errors. The findings have important implications for how spoken requests are taught in an academic context. The study also shows how learner data can be analysed with open-access corpus analysis tools used to provide a model of successful learner language; something which may be a more achievable model to aspire to than native speaker language.
Immigration, Crimes and Frictional Labor Market

This paper studies the relationship between immigration and crime in a frictional labor market. Immigration strengthens the labor market in the host country by reducing firms’ labor costs. With more immigrants in this labor market, unemployed workers find a job faster but employed workers receive lower value from their jobs. Therefore employees commit more crimes but unemployed workers prefer to stay unemployed. The different criminal behaviors of employed and unemployed workers explain the ambiguity on the effects of immigration. A more generous unemployment insurance system for immigrants increases the unemployment rate and crime rates. An extended incarceration duration and deportation policy reduce crime rates but has no significant impact on labor market outcomes. JEL Classification: E24, F22, J60, J61, J63, J64
Frontiers in Spectral-Spatial Classification of Hyperspectral Images

Airborne and spaceborne hyperspectral imaging systems have advanced in recent years in terms of spectral and spatial resolution, which makes data sets produced by them a valuable source for land-cover classification. The availability of hyper-spectral data with fine spatial resolution has revolutionized hyperspectral image classification techniques by taking advantage of both spectral and spatial information in a single classification framework. The ECHO (Extraction and Classification of Homogeneous Objects) classifier, which was proposed in 1976, might be the first spectral-spatial classification approach of its kind in the remote sensing community. Since then and especially in the latest years, increasing attention has been dedicated to developing sophisticated spectral-spatial classification methods. There is now a rich literature on this particular topic in the remote sensing community, composing of several fast-growing branches. In this paper, the latest advances in spectral-spatial classification of hyperspectral data are critically reviewed. More than 25 approaches based on mathematical morphology, Markov random fields, segmentation, sparse representation, and deep learning are addressed with an emphasis on discussing their methodological foundations. Examples of experimental results on three benchmark hyperspectral data sets, including both well-known long-used data and a recent data set resulting from an international contest, are also presented. Moreover, the utilized training and test sets for the aforementioned data sets as well as several codes and libraries are also shared online with the community.
Explicit Computation of Robin Parameters in Optimized Schwarz Waveform Relaxation Methods for Schro¨dinger Equations Based on Pseudodifferential Operators

The Optimized Schwarz Waveform Relaxation algorithm, a domain decomposition method based on Robin transmission condition, is becoming a popular computational method for solving evolution partial differential equations in parallel. Along with well-posedness, it offers a good balance between convergence rate, computational complexity and simplicity of the implementation. The fundamental question is the selection of the Robin parameter to optimize the convergence of the algorithm. In this paper, we propose an approach to explicitly estimate the Robin parameter which is based on the approximation of the transmission operators at the subdomain interfaces, for the linear/nonlinear SchrodingerSchr¨Schrodinger equation. Some illustrating numerical experiments are proposed for the one-and two-dimensional problems.
A New Sparse Low-rank Matrix Decomposition Method and its Application on Train Passenger Abnormal Action Identification

In the article a new sparse low-rank matrix decomposition model is proposed based on the smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) penalty. In order to overcome the computational hurdle we generalize the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm to develop an alternative algorithm to solve the model. The algorithm we designed alternatively renew the sparse matrix and low-rank matrix in terms of the closed form of SCAD penalty. Thus, the algorithm reduces the computational complexity while at the same time to keep the computational accuracy. A series of simulations have been designed to demonstrate the performances of the algorithm with comparing with the Augmented Lagrange Multiplier (ALM) algorithm. Ultimately, we apply the model to an onboard video background modeling problem. According to model the on-board video background, we can separate the video background and passenger’s actions. Thus, the model can help us to identify the abnormal action of train passengers. The experiments show the background matrix we estimated is not only sparser, but the computational efficiency is also improved.
The invasiveness of a non-native fungal forest pathogen is boosted by the presence of a congeneric native species

Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, I-10095 Grugliasco, Italy Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Field (AGROINNOVA), University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, I-10095 Grugliasco, Italy Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, Ecosystem Sciences Division, University of California at Berkeley, 54 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Application of Computational Intelligence Techniques to Process Industry Problems

In the last two decades there has been a large progress in the computational intelligence research field. The fruits of the effort spent on the research in the discussed field are powerful techniques for pattern recognition, data mining, data modelling, etc. These techniques achieve high performance on traditional data sets like the UCI machine learning database. Unfortunately, this kind of data sources usually represent clean data without any problems like data outliers, missing values, feature co-linearity, etc. common to real-life industrial data. The presence of faulty data samples can have very harmful effects on the models, for example if presented during the training of the models, it can either cause sub-optimal performance of the trained model or in the worst case destroy the so far learnt knowledge of the model. For these reasons the application of present modelling techniques to industrial problems has developed into a research field on its own. Based on the discussion of the properties and issues of the data and the state-of-the-art modelling techniques in the process industry, in this paper a novel unified approach to the development of predictive models in the process industry is presented.
THE ACCOMPANIMENT NEEDS OF THE FAMILY WITH A LOVED ONE IN THE CRITICAL CARE UNIT

Nurses have unique opportunities to create environments where patient and family needs can be met. Opsomming Verpleegkundiges het ‘n unieke geleentheid om ‘n omgewing te skep waar daar aan die behoeftes van beide die pasiente en hul gesinslede voldoen word. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Achieving radical change: a comparative study of public-sector accounting in Westminster and Scotland

Purpose The paper focuses on strategies and ‘spoken discourses’ used to construct legitimation around change at the individual level. Comparing changes in financial accounting, budgeting and performance management at two government levels (Westminster and Scotland), it explores the use of legitimation strategies in the implementation of accounting change and its perceived outcomes. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on semi-structured interviews, six legitimation/delegitimation strategies are used to code the transcribed data. Patterns with the perceived outcomes of change are explored. Findings Changes introduced to enhance ‘rational’ decision making are often received as pushed by some source of authority. Regardless of the interviewees’ background and level, the results suggest that for radical accounting change to embed, it is necessary for it to be perceived as rational, rather than merely driven by authorisation-based pressures. Conversely, incremental change is associated with modest legitimation .
Management And Evaluation Of Alternative Construction Tasks

Projects in civil engineering are commonly planned with only one possible construction schedule. Often it might be useful, if more than one could be investigated. But modeling alternatives is expensive and time extensive. This paper presents an approach for generating a construction schedule that includes various alternatives and their evaluations. The schedule is calculated on the basis of logical dependencies between tasks. Thus, the schedule can be generated at any time. The developed approach aims at achieving a faster reaction, if problems occur at the construction site. Furthermore, it can be used for providing decision documentation. The model is based on mathematical concepts of set and graph theory. The formal description of the model provides a general, independent basis for corresponding software applications.
Geomagnetic storms over the last solar cycle: A superposed epoch analysis

[1] Presented here is a discussion of the results of a superposed epoch analysis of geomagnetic storms over the last solar cycle. Storms, identified by means of their characteristic SYM‐H evolution, are separated by size into weak (−150 < SYM‐H ≤ −80) nT, moderate (−300 < SYM‐H ≤ −150) nT, and intense (SYM‐H ≤ −300) nT categories. Where possible, the corresponding solar wind (SW) onset mechanisms were located by means of 1 min ACE OMNI data. Intense storms were observed to be driven solely by coronal mass ejections (CMEs); moderate storms were dominated by CME onset, while only weak storms were driven by both CMEs and corotating interaction regions (CIRs) at a ratio of ∼2:1, respectively. As might be expected, more intense storms resulted from the largest SW enhancements. Individual storm phase durations for different storm sizes were investigated, revealing that the duration of the main phase increases with storm size to a critical point, then decreases for more intense storms, contrary to the findings of a previous study by Yokoyama and Kamide (1997). Various SW‐magnetosphere coupling functions were investigated for this data set in an attempt to estimate storm size from SW conditions.
A Fuzzy c-means Cluster Analysis to Explain SMEs’ Export Propensity: Evidence from North-Africa

Purpose: This paper analyses the determinants of Small and Medium Enterprises’ (SMEs) propensity to export using data from a North African country, namely; Algeria. Drawing on the extended Resource Based View, the study examines the role of firms ’ resources and capabilities in explaining the probability to export. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs the nascent fuzzy c -means clustering technique to analyse a sample of 208 manufacturing Algerian SMEs. The sample included both established and potential exporters operating across various sectors. A combination of online and face-to-face techniques was used to collect the data. Findings: While a preliminary analysis established the existence of five clusters exhibiting different levels of resources, further discernment of these clusters has shown significant variances in relation to export propensity. Practical implications: The findings provide a more comprehensive insight on the critical resources shaping SMEs’ internationalisation in the North-African context. The paper holds important implications for export promotion policy in this area. Originality/value: The study makes a twofold contribution. First, the use of the fuzzy c -means clustering technique to capture the joint influence of discrete resources and capabilities on SMEs’ export propensity con stitutes a methodological contribution. Second, being the first study bringing evidence on SMEs’ internationalisation from the largest country in the African continent, in terms of landmass, constitutes an important contextual contribution.