Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review of time-lapse microgravity correction due to shallow groundwater variation

Microgravity surveys can be applied for reservoir monitoring, such as monitoring of hydrocarbon or geothermal reservoirs. One factor that needs to be corrected from gravity data in reservoir monitoring is the gravity signal due to shallow groundwater variation. The correction due to shallow groundwater effect shall be calculated from groundwater change, in this case can be measured from groundwater table change. So far, correction due to shallow groundwater variation in microgravity data is calculated against the influence of groundwater mass change in the saturated zone only, while the change of mass of groundwater in the unsaturated zone is ignored, thus giving an over-estimated correction result. The purpose of this paper is to review time-lapse microgravity correction due to shallow groundwater variation by including the influence of groundwater mass variation in the unsaturated zone. This review includes a case study using three-point piezometer groundwater data. The correction due to groundwater mass variation in the unsaturated zone is obtained by calculating the difference between the total water content at two measurements over a certain time interval. The calculation of total moisture content in the unsaturated zone is based on a soil-water retention curve that describes the relationship between moisture content and pore pressure. Considering the effect of water mass in the unsaturated zone, the total correction due to shallow groundwater variation has a smaller range, about 35% to 50% compared to the correction that only considers the effect of water mass in the saturated zone alone.
ASSESSMENT OF PRIMARY AIR POLLUTANTS IN A TROPICAL METROPOLITAN REGION BY COMBINING LOCAL AND GLOBAL EMISSIONS INVENTORIES

The community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) model was evaluated in the metropolitan region of Salvador (MRS), which is the capital of the state of Bahia, Brazil. Once located at the tropics, two episodes were selected (one in the dry season and another in the rainy season), in order to perform the assessment. The meteorological information required for air quality modeling was driven by the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model: its performance was evaluated against observational data collected by monitoring stations located in Salvador city, Brazil. For the emissions inventory, we applied the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), in conjunction with an estimated emissions inventory of local point sources located in the major industrial complexes, in addition with the biogenic emissions estimated by the model of emissions of gases and aerosols from nature (MEGAN). To compute these different emissions sources, we used the sparse matrix operator kernel emission (SMOKE). Following that, the CMAQ model was applied, in order to simulate the chemical transport and formation of air pollutants based on the meteorological and emissions input previously described. The required boundary conditions were determined by also applying the CMAQ model, which used data from the MEGAN and EDGAR inventories, to a larger domain that incorporates the domain in which the MRS is represented. The application of these modeling tools was shown to be a good practice in the assessment of air quality in urban areas; thus, this work aims to be the first great effort to study, simulate and validate the chemical transport of pollutants over the MRS, based on a hybrid emissions inventory and using the state of the art in the computational atmospheric modeling field.
Assessment of Analgesic Activity of Red and White Lotus Seeds ( Nelumbo nucifera ) in Albino Rats

Lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera ) is one of the plants that have been used for its medicinal properties since ancient times. Almost all parts of the plants are used for the treatment of conditions associated with health abnormalities. In order to prove the analgesic effect of lotus seeds scientifically, a study was conducted in albino rats using the chronic pain model (experimental neuropathy). In this experiment, forty eight adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used. All the rats were subjected to surgery under anasthesia as per the standard neuropathy model protocols. After the surgery the rats were divided into six groups of eight each and group I was taken as control, group II was treated with the standard drug diclofenac potassium @ 3 mg/kg on the last day of experiment. The methanolic extract of lotus seeds of red and white varieties @ 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg were fed to group III, IV, V and VI respectively, for 7 days. After the dosage periods, the number of foot withdrawal reflex of each group was calculated using acetone induced cold stimulus and the responses analyzed statistically to findout the analgesic activity. It was revealed that the white lotus seed higher dose group (600 mg/kg.b.wt) exhibited significant analgesic activity than other lotus seed treated groups.
Flow cytometry of DNA content and other indicators of proliferative activity.

: Flow cytometric DNA content analysis, employing fluorescent stains that bind stoichiometrically to DNA, is widely used by researchers and clinicians to monitor cell growth kinetics and to detect abnormalities in nuclear DNA content in tumor cells. Measurement precision is critical because small differences in DNA content may be significant; plastic spheres and cell nuclei are used for instrument calibration and standardization. Preparative techniques must provide a uniformly stained sample representative of the cells or tissue under investigation; multiparameter gating may facilitate cell selection within samples. Flow cytometry of light scattering, surface or intracellular antigens, RNA, chromatin structure, and/or DNA synthesis may provide additional useful information about neoplastic cell behavior.
Maximization of Underwater Sensor Networks Lifetime via Fountain Codes

The severe nature of underwater channel poses a great challenge for prolonging underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) lifetime and achieving a reliable communication performance. Traditional approaches to improve the reliability such as automatic repeat request (ARQ) negatively affect the network lifetime (NL) due to energy dissipation caused by ARQ retransmission. A forward error correction (FEC) technique called fountain codes (FCs) can solve the energy efficiency problem of ARQ by transmitting both the original packet and some redundant packets to ensure a targeted reliability with few or no retransmissions. In this paper, we investigate performances of both traditional ARQ- and FC-based FEC methods in terms of NL, end-to-end delay, energy consumption, and frame error rate (FER) for UASNs. In this context, we abstract energy dissipation characteristics of conventional ARQ- and FC-based FEC method at the link-layer. We propose an integer linear programming (ILP) framework that maximizes the NL, which is operated on top of developed link-layer energy consumption models. Our results reveal that FC-based FEC methods can prolong the NL at a minimum of 16% while end-to-end delay, energy consumption, and FER can be reduced at least by 11%, 14%, and 9% as compared to classical ARQ, respectively.
Pyroxene 40Ar/39Ar Dating of Basalt and Applications to Large Igneous Provinces and Precambrian Stratigraphic Correlations

Correlations within and between Precambrian basins are heavily reliant on precise dating of volcanic units (i.e., tuff beds and lava flows) in the absence of biostratigraphy. However, felsic tuffs and lavas are rare or absent in many basins, and direct age determinations of Precambrian basaltic lavas have proven to be challenging. In this paper, we report the first successful application of 40Ar/39Ar dating to pyroxene from a Neoproterozoic basalt unit, the Keene Basalt in the Officer Basin of central Australia. 40Ar/39Ar analyses of igneous pyroxene crystals yielded an age of 752 ± 4 Ma (mean squared weighted deviation = 0.69, p = 72%), which is underpinned by 40Ar/39Ar plagioclase age (753.04 ± 0.84 Ma) from the basalt. This age is significant because the Keene Basalt is one of the very few extrusive igneous rocks identified within the Neoproterozoic successions of central Australia and is potentially an important time marker for correlating the Neoproterozoic stratigraphy within, and beyond, the central Australian basins. Our geochronological and geochemical data show that the Keene Basalt, which is characterized by enriched elemental and Nd‐Pb isotopic signatures, is strikingly similar to, and coeval with, the 755 ± 3 Ma Mundine Well Dolerite in northwestern Australia. Here we suggest that both are part of the same large igneous province (~6.5 × 105 km2) related to breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia. This study demonstrates the potential of pyroxene 40Ar/39Ar geochronology to date ancient flood basalts and to provide pivotal time constraints for stratigraphic correlations of Precambrian basins.
Local and Remote Forcing of Denitrification in the Northeast Pacific for the Last 2,000 Years

Sedimentary δ15N (δ15Nsed) has been widely applied as a proxy for water column denitrification. When combined with additional productivity proxies, it provides insights into the driving forces behind long‐term changes in water column oxygenation. High‐resolution (~2 years) δ15Nsed and productivity proxy records (total organic carbon [TOC], Si/Ti, and Ca/Ti) from Santa Barbara Basin, California, were generated from a well‐dated Kasten core (SPR0901‐03KC). These records reveal the relationship between Southern California upwelling and oxygenation over the past 2,000 years. Inconsistencies between Si/Ti (coastal upwelling proxy) and TOC (total export productivity proxy) suggest wind curl upwelling influenced Southern California primary productivity, especially during intervals of weak coastal upwelling. Coherence between δ15Nsed, TOC, and drought indicators supports a local control of δ15Nsed by atmospheric circulation, as persistent northerly winds associated with an intensified North Pacific High pressure cell lead to enhanced coastal upwelling. In the northeast Pacific, δ15Nsed is used as a water mass tracer of denitrification signals transported north from the eastern tropical North Pacific (ETNP) via the California Undercurrent. A 1,200‐year δ15Nsed record from the Pescadero slope, Gulf of California, lies between denitrifying subsurface waters in the ETNP and Southern California. During the Medieval Climate Anomaly, coherence between Pescadero and Santa Barbara Basin δ15Nsed indicates connections between ETNP and Southern California on centennial timescales. Yet an out‐of‐phase relationship occurred when the Aleutian Low was anomalously strong during the Little Ice Age. We suggest intensified nutrient‐rich subarctic water advection might have transported high‐15N nitrate into Southern California when the California Undercurrent and ETNP denitrification weakened.
A numerical study of mixing and sediment transport caused by tidal in the Bontang waters

Freshwater and sediment that carried by the river then flow into the bay will cause sediment transport and mixing in the bay, in this case the Bontang Waters. The three-dimensional finite difference baroclinic model system (ECOMSED) is used to do numerical studies of the mixing and sediment transport process, this model was simulated for 40 days and verified using tidal data that taken using CTD. The values of sediment concentration ranged from 1×10−6 to 1×10−5 gr/cm3 on the surface, with sediment transport ranging between 0 – 12 (gr/m2)/s. Salinity on the surface is 0 - 35 ppm, and the temperature is 25 - 40 ° C. Mixing occurred at one river mouth with a salinity profile of 25 ppm on the surface and 32 ppm at the bottom, the sediment concentration value was in the range of 1.2×10−5 gr/cm3 on the surface and decreased to 4×10−6 gr/cm3 at the bottom.
Research of Air Pollutant Concentration Forecasting Based on Deep Learning Algorithms

In order to accurately predict the concentration of air pollutants in Shanghai, a prediction model of the concentration of air pollutants in Shanghai based on Wavelet Transform and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) was established to predict the concentration of six air pollutants in Shanghai. Firstly, the historical time series of daily air pollutant concentration is decomposed into different frequencies by wavelet decomposition transform and recombined into a set of high-dimensional training data. Secondly, LSTM prediction model is trained with high-dimensional data sets, and parameters are adjusted repeatedly to obtain the optimal prediction model. The results show that the combined model is more accurate than the traditional LSTM model in predicting pollutant concentration.
Finite Element Modelling and Updating of a Bolted Structure Using Elements Representing the Stiffness Members, Bolts and Affected Areas of the Joints

Efficient and accurate analytical representation of bolted joints in an assembled structure for the prediction of the dynamic behaviour of the structure has been a crucial unsolved issue in the finite element (FE) community. 3D modelling of bolted joints, possessing a large number of degrees of freedom, leads to very high computational time. This paper proposes an efficient representation of bolted joints for the prediction of the dynamic behaviour of a bolted structure. The FE model of the bolted joints was developed using CBUSH element connectors for bolt shanks and CELAS element connectors for the stiffness of the members at the affected areas of the bolted joints. The results of the normal modes analysis of the FE model of the bolted structure were in a very good correlation with experimental modal analysis (EMA) counterparts quantified by a range of MAC values between 0.91 to 0.99 for all modes. Finite element model updating was used to improve the accuracy of the FE model of the bolted joints. The updated FE model of the assembled structure was validated with the physical tested structure. It was found that the comparison of the results has shown good agreement. In addition, the natural frequencies and mode shapes predicted from the proposed model have been found to be more accurate than the results obtained from the previous analytical models reported in the literature on bolted joint modelling of dynamic behaviour investigation. The proposed model can be used for a large and complex structure.
Effects of an Exogenous Ketone Supplement on Five‐Kilometer Running Performance

Abstract Numerous oral ketone supplements are marketed with the claim that they will rapidly induce ketosis and improve exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to assess exercise performance time and related physiological, metabolic and perceptual responses of recreational endurance runners after ingestion of a commercially available oral ketone supplement. Recreational endurance runners (n = 10; age: 20.8 ± 1.0 years; body mass: 68.9 ± 5.6 kg; height: 175.6 ± 4.9 cm) participated in a double-blind, crossover, repeated-measures study where they were randomized to 300 mg.kg-1 body weight of an oral β-hydroxybutyrate-salt + Medium Chain Triglyceride (βHB-salt+MCT) ketone supplement or a flavor matched placebo (PLA) 60 min prior to performing a 5-km running time trial (5KTT) on a treadmill. Time, HR, RPE, affect, RER, VO2, VCO2, and VE were measured during the 5-km run. The Session RPE and affect (Feeling Scale) were obtained post-5KTT. Plasma glucose, lactate and ketones were measured at baseline, 60-min post-supplement, and immediately post-5KTT. Plasma R-βHB (endogenous isomer) was elevated from baseline and throughout the entire protocol under the βHB-salt+MCT condition (p < 0.05). No significant difference (58.3 ± 100.40 s; 95% CI: -130.12 – 13.52; p = 0.100) was observed between the βHB-salt+MCT supplement (1430.0 ± 187.7 s) and the PLA (1488.3 ± 243.8 s) in time to complete the 5KTT. No other differences (p > 0.05) were noted in any of the other physiological, metabolic or perceptual measures.
Spatiotemporal Variations of Summer Precipitation and Their Correlations with the East Asian Summer Monsoon in the Poyang Lake Basin, China

Poyang Lake Basin (PYLB) is located in Southeastern China where the precipitation is closely related to the East Asian Monsoon. Based on the monthly precipitation data of 18 meteorological stations from 1959 to 2018 in the PYLB, Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF), Wavelet Analysis, and Pearson Correlation Analysis were used to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of summer precipitation and their correlations with the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM). The results demonstrate that there were two leading modes of summer precipitation at inter-annual time scales: the mode being consistent over the whole area and the mode of opposite relationship between the south/north PYLB. Both modes had obvious trend variations and periodic characteristics. The East Asian Summer Monsoon Index (EASMI) showed a decreasing trend of fluctuation, existing in periods of 2–3 years and 11 years. Cross Wavelet Transform revealed that the time coefficients of the second EOF mode and EASMI had an anti-phase resonance period of 2–3 years. Pearson Correlation Analysis also indicated that there was a significant negative correlation relationship between them. These results not only contribute to an understanding of characteristics of summer precipitation in the PYLB and the influences of the East Asian Summer Monsoon on them but also provide a reference for a regional response to climate change and precipitation prediction.
Precursor in Arctic oscillation for the East Asian January temperature and its relationship with stationary planetary waves: Results from CMIP5 models

The emerging precursor in December Arctic oscillation (AO) for the following January temperature over East Asia (TEA) has been noticed by recent researches. This study evaluates the precursor in December AO for the following January TEA using 35 climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5. Results indicate that, 24 (multi‐model ensemble mean; MME‐GOOD) out of total 35 models reproduce the statistically significant positive correlation between the December AO and the January TEA identified in the observation, but the remaining 11 models (MME‐BAD) fail. Further, the investigation focuses on these models' simulations for the December AO‐associated atmospheric circulation in January. Eighteen (MME‐GOOD‐18) out of the above 24 models reproduce the persistence of December AO‐related atmospheric circulation, including the seesaw structure of the sea level pressure anomalies, the sweeping southerly 850‐hPa wind anomalies over the East Asia–Northwest Pacific region, the weakening of the East Asian trough, and the weakened meridional shear of the East Asian jet stream in January following an enhanced December AO. It is found that the propagation of stationary planetary waves plays a crucial role in connecting the December AO and the January TEA. Therefore, the models' ability to simulate the stratosphere–troposphere interaction is essential for the successful simulations on the persistence of December AO. Additionally, the future projections indicate that the precursor in December AO for the following January TEA is still robust during the 21st century.
Petrogenesis of Orbicular Rock, Tijeras Canyon, Sandia Mountains, New Mexico

A new occurrence of orbicular rock is located in the Sandia Granite at W. long. 106° 25' 30", N. lat. 35° 04' 55" close to the granite-gneiss contact near Tijeras Canyon, Sandia Mountains, New Mexico. The orbicules, set in an aplite-pegmatite granitic matrix, have magmatic and metamorphic cores surrounded by a white plagioclase shell and one or two salmon-colored potassium feldspar shells. The outcrop occurs in two dike-like masses with thicknesses of 1 to 4 m trending N. 5° W. and N. 35° E. for exposed lengths of 16m and 46 m, and is surrounded by biotite syenodiorite and biotite monzonite. Theories for the formation of previously discovered orbicular rock in the Sandia Mountains are in conflict. Enz (1974) and Enz, et al. (1979) suggest formation in an aqueous fluid where nucleation occurs on available seed material (e.g., xenoliths present in the Sandia Granite) . Thompson and Giles (1974) suggest that the biotite host rock surrounding the orbicules is a xenolith that reacted with the granitic magma creating conditions for orbicule formation. In the Tijeras Canyon area, the formation of orbicules can best be explained by an igneous process. The model proposed in this paper for the formation of the orbicules involves a water- or vapor-rich fractionation of Sandia Granite melt and subsequent crystallization on available seed material (xenoliths and biotite host rock). Data supporting this model are: (1) all orbicules are surrounded by plagioclase of similar composition (An28-29) regardless of core type, (2) microcline perthite in orbicule shells suggests crystallization above the solidus with unmixing on cooling, (3) microcline perthite and microcline in the matrix suggest the matrix started to form above the solidus and continued to crystallize below the solidus after the shells had formed, (4) complex microcline perthite grain boundaries in the shells occupied by quartz suggest an increase in water concentration as crystallization proceeded, (5) chemical trends suggest the orbicular rock and Sandia Granite are related, (6) stable oxygen isotope δ180 values for minerals from the orbicules are consistent with an igneous origin , (7) the coarse grain-size of the microcline perthite in the shells and the aplite-pegmatite texture of the matrix suggest water- or vapor build-up in the melt, (8) the presence of radiating "cracks" in the potassium feldspar shells filled with matrix suggests the shells were hard before the matrix was completely solidified, and (9) the presence of large amounts of biotite suggests a hydrous environment.
A Green Multicast Routing Algorithm for Smart Sensor Networks in Disaster Management

Being as an essential component for data communication in disaster management scenario, IoT has evolved as the key paradigm to update the disaster information to the consequent nodes. In such scenarios, sensors, equipped with a limited battery, consume a lot of energy in data communication. Therefore, practical realization of such networks is a challenging task as routing ignores the paths consuming a tremendous amount of energy and delay during tree construction for multicast routing. This paper proposes an improved squirrel search algorithm (SSA) by enabling it to act in destination-oriented zone (DZ) for providing green communication in multicasting by satisfying multiple constraints, i.e., energy, delay, and packet loss effectively, referred as destination-oriented zone enabled SSA (DZSSA). Computation time of the DZSSA is minimized by allowing the agents to act in DZ only. However, in SSA, because of the iterative procedure, when agent updates its position, it might become invalid by violating the connectivity constraints, thus, DZ aware valid agent generator operator is proposed to convert invalid agents into valid agents. Comparative experimental study evidenced that the QoS requirements of the sensor networks are effectively satisfied by balancing the tradeoff between energy consumption and other QoS parameters.