Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eventual fault recovery strategies for Byzantine failures

Byzantine faults in distributed systems can have very destructive consequences for services built on top of these systems but are not commonly tolerated in production systems due to the overhead and scalability limitations with existing approaches such as Byzantine fault tolerance [1]. This work describes a reactive protocol for recovering from Byzantine failures in replicated state machines. In contrast to traditional Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT), which attempts to mask faults, this protocol is designed to allow faults to be exposed to clients but ensures that no client can fork the state of the system by rolling back faulty updates once they are detected. This ensures that, in spite of Byzantine failures, the system will always converge to a consistent state. The system provides a contract to the client called lapse consistency that bounds the number of inconsistent reads that can be experienced as a result of the rollbacks that it performs. This system extends prior work on Byzantine detection [2] to provide an integrated system that can not only eventually detect, but also respond to Byzantine faults with provable consistency semantics while preserving many of the important properties of Byzantine detection such as scalability, and responsiveness. We evaluate the overhead of a proof of concept implementation of the system.
Organoboranes for Synthesis. 16. A Convenient Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Isopinocampheylamine, a Chiral Derivatizing Agent for Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Optically Active Carboxylic Acids

Both isomers of enantiomerically pure isopinocampheylamine (1) have been synthesized from the corresponding B-chlorodiisopinocampheylborane by treatment with either methylmagnesium bromide or trimethylaluminum to form B-methyldiisopinocampheylborane, followed by treatment of the intermediate with hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid. Application of 1 as a derivatizing agent for the gas chromatographic analysis of optically active carboxylic acids has been demonstrated.
The Bending And Stretching Of Plates

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Measurement of heavy-hole spin dephasing in (InGa)As quantum dots

We measure the spin dephasing of holes localized in self-assembled (InGa)As quantum dots by spin noise spectroscopy. The localized holes show a distinct hyperfine interaction with the nuclear spin bath despite the p-type symmetry of the valence band states. The experiments reveal a short spin relaxation time τfasthh of 27 ns and a second, long spin relaxation time τslowhh which exceeds the latter by more than one order of magnitude. The two times are attributed to heavy-hole spins aligned perpendicular and parallel to the stochastic nuclear magnetic field. Intensity dependent measurements and numerical simulations reveal that the long relaxation time is still obscured by light absorption, despite low laser intensity and large detuning. Off-resonant light absorption causes a suppression of the spin noise signal due to the creation of a second hole entailing a vanishing hole spin polarization.
Deploying nodes scheme in line wireless sensor networks

The monitoring region of line wireless sensor network is close to a line. While base station is collecting sense data, the region closer to the base station need transmit more data. If general scheme of deploying sensor nodes uniformly is used, sensor nodes near the base station will use up energy soon and the base station cannot collect data anymore. Therefore, a density formula was proposed to deploy sensor nodes by investigating energy consumption in line wireless sensor networks. Theoretical analysis and simulation result show, in the case that monitoring region is wide, deploying sensor nodes by this scheme, the lifetime is prolonged to two times that of uniform deploying.
Pinning down the mass of Kepler-10c: the importance of sampling and model comparison

Initial RV characterisation of the enigmatic planet Kepler-10c suggested a mass of $\sim17$ M$_\oplus$, which was remarkably high for a planet with radius $2.32$ R$_\oplus$; further observations and subsequent analysis hinted at a (possibly much) lower mass, but masses derived using RVs from two different spectrographs (HARPS-N and HIRES) were incompatible at a $3\sigma$-level. We demonstrate here how such mass discrepancies may readily arise from sub-optimal sampling and/or neglecting to model even a single coherent signal (stellar, planetary, or otherwise) that may be present in RVs. We then present a plausible resolution of the mass discrepancy, and ultimately characterise Kepler-10c as having mass $7. 37_{-1.19}^{+1.32}$ M$_\oplus$, and mean density $3.14^{+0.63}_{-0.55}$ g cm$^{-3}$.
A Modified Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Numerical Function Optimization

Abstract —We propose a modified artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm called gbest and lbest guided ABC (GLABC) algorithm. First, the algorithm integrates the information of global best (gbest) solution and previous best (lbest) solution into the solution search equation of employed bees to improve further the exploitation. Second, Update policy of scout bees is modified. The scout bees need update food source in each cycle in order to increase diversity and stochasticity of the bees and mitigate stagnation problem. In this work, GLABC algorithm is used for optimizing numerical function and the results produced by GLABC, ABC and gbest-guided artificial bee colony (GABC) algorithm have been compared in exploitation. The experimental results show that GLABC can outperform ABC and GABC algorithms in most of the experiments . Keywords-Artificial bee colony algorithm; Population based optimization; Particle swarm optimization; Numerical function optimization; Bee swarm optimization I. I
A Solid-State System for High Temporal Resolution Fluorescence Lifetime Measurements

A system for time-correlated single photon counting applications based on CMOS single photon avalanche diodes is presented. An instrument response function of 79 ps allows a fluorescence decay of high-affinity Ca2+ indicator Oregon Green BAPTA-1 to be analyzed with unprecedented temporal resolution in the two-photon excitation regime. A triple exponential decay model is shown to best fit the fluorescence dynamics of OGB-1.
AGN spectral states from simultaneous UV and X-ray observations by XMM-Newton

The supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei (AGN) and stellar-mass black holes in X-ray binaries (XRBs) are believed to work in a similar way. While XRBs evolve rapidly and several sources have undergone a few complete cycles from quiescence to an outburst and back, most AGN remain in the same state over periods of decades, due to their longer characteristic timescale proportional to their size. However, the study of the AGN spectral states is still possible with a large sample of sources. Multi-wavelength observations are needed for this purpose since the AGN thermal disc emission dominates in the ultraviolet energy range, while the up-scattered hot-corona emission is detected in X-rays. We compared simultaneous UV and X-ray measurements of AGN obtained by the XMM-Newton satellite. The non-thermal flux was constrained from the 2-12 keV X-ray luminosity, while the thermal disc component was estimated from the UV flux at 2900A. The hardness (ratio between the X-ray and UV plus X-ray luminosity) and the total luminosity were used to construct the AGN state diagrams. For sources with reliable mass measurements, the Eddington ratio was used instead of the total luminosity. The state diagrams show that the radio-loud sources have on average higher hardness, due to the lack of the thermal disc emission in the UV band, and have flatter intrinsic X-ray spectra. In contrast, the sources with high luminosity and low hardness are radio-quiet AGN. The hardness-Eddington ratio diagram reveals that the average radio-loudness is stronger for low-accreting sources, while it decreases when the accretion rate is close to the Eddington limit. Our results indicate that the general properties of AGN accretion states are similar to those of X-ray binaries. This suggests that the AGN radio dichotomy of radio-loud and radio-quiet sources can be explained by the evolution of the accretion states.
Motion of a 'small body' in nonmetric gravity

We describe 'small bodies' in a nonmetric gravity theory previously studied by this author. The main dynamical field of the theory is a certain triple of 2-forms rather than the metric, with only the spacetime conformal structure, not metric, being canonically defined. The theory is obtained from general relativity in Plebanski formulation by adding to the action a certain potential. Importantly, the modification does not change the number of propagating degrees of freedom as compared to general relativity. We find that small bodies move along geodesics of a certain metric that is constructed with the help of a new potential function that appears in the matter sector. We then use the small body results to formulate a prescription for coupling the theory to general stress-energy tensor. In its final formulation the theory takes an entirely standard form, with matter propagating in a metric background and only the matter-gravity coupling and the gravitational dynamics being modified. This completes the construction of the theory and opens way to an analysis of its physical predictions.
Search for cool giant exoplanets around young and nearby stars - VLT/NaCo near-infrared phase-coronagraphic and differential imaging

[Abridged] Context. Spectral differential imaging (SDI) is part of the observing strategy of current and future high-contrast imaging instruments. It aims to reduce the stellar speckles that prevent the detection of cool planets by using in/out methane-band images. It attenuates the signature of off-axis companions to the star, such as angular differential imaging (ADI). However, this attenuation depends on the spectral properties of the low-mass companions we are searching for. The implications of this particularity on estimating the detection limits have been poorly explored so far. Aims. We perform an imaging survey to search for cool (Teff 2. According to the BT-Settl model, this translates into Teff<800 K. The methods described here can be applied to the data interpretation of SPHERE. We expect better performance with the dual-band imager IRDIS, thanks to more suitable filter characteristics and better image quality.
Graphene‐Based Composites

Graphene has attracted tremendous research interest in recent years, owing to its exceptional properties. The scaled-up and reliable production of graphene derivatives, such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), offers a wide range of possibilities to synthesize graphene-based functional materials for various applications. This critical review presents and discusses the current development of graphene-based composites. After introduction of the synthesis methods for graphene and its derivatives as well as their properties, we focus on the description of various methods to synthesize graphene-based composites, especially those with functional polymers and inorganic nanostructures. Particular emphasis is placed on strategies for the optimization of composite properties. Lastly, the advantages of graphene-based composites in
Whispering-gallery and Luneburg-lens effects in a beam-fed circularly layered dielectric cylinder

The whispering-gallery (WG) mode excitation and Luneburg (1941) lens (LL) effects are studied for a lossy circularly layered dielectric cylinder illuminated by a beam field. The latter is simulated by the complex source-point (CSP) beam. Exact series solution to the wave scattering problem is used to obtain the far-field patterns and directivity. The WG mode effect is shown to undermine the LL performance.
Implementing a Lambda Architecture to perform real-time updates

The Lambda Architecture is the new paradigm for big data, that helps in data processing with a balance on throughput, latency and fault-tolerance. There exists no single tool that provides a complete solution in terms of better accuracy, low latency and high throughput. This initiated the idea to use a set of tools and techniques to build a complete big data system. The Lambda Architecture defines a set of layers to fit in a set of tools and techniques rightly for building a complete big data system: Speed Layer, Serving Layer, Batch Layer. Each layer satisfies a set of properties and builds upon the functionality provided by the layers beneath it. The Batch layer is the place where the master dataset is stored, which is an immutable and append-only set of raw data. Also, batch layer pre-computes results using a distributed processing system like Hadoop, Apache Spark that can handle large quantities of data. The Speed Layer captures new data coming in real time and processes it. The Serving Layer contains a parallel processing query engine, which takes results from both Batch and Speed layers and responds to queries in real time with low latency. Stack Overflow is a Question & Answer forum with a huge user community, millions of posts with a rapid growth over the years. This project demonstrates The Lambda Architecture by constructing a data pipeline, to add a new “Recommended Questions” section in Stack Overflow user profile and update the questions suggested in real time. Also, various statistics such as trending tags, user performance numbers such as UpVotes, DownVotes are shown in user dashboard by querying through batch processing layer.
Solar activity forcing of terrestrial hydrological phenomena

Abstract Recently, the study of the influence of solar activity on the Earth's climate received strong attention, mainly due to the possibility, proposed by several authors, that global warming is not anthropogenic, but is due to an increase in solar activity. Although this possibility has been ruled out, there are strong evidences that solar variability has an influence on Earth's climate, in regional scales. Here we review some of these evidences, focusing in a particular aspect of climate: atmospheric moisture and related quantities like precipitation. In particular, we studied the influence of activity on South American precipitations during centuries. First, we analyzed the stream flow of the Paraná and other rivers of the region, and found a very strong correlation with Sunspot Number in decadal time scales. We found a similar correlation between Sunspot Number and tree-ring chronologies, which allows us to extend our study to cover the last two centuries.
Design of Street Lamp Energy Saving Control System and Its Software Implementation

On the basis of analyzing the methods of monitoring,energy saving modes of street lamps,this paper designs a novel energy saving control system.This system framework is divided into three layers,including terminal layer,middle layer and server layer.In the terminal layer,in order to control a single street lamp,it puts a things communication module into the lamp as core control unit.In the middle layer,it uses the chip of 32 bit CodeFire series MCF52223 as a control unit,with the chip of MC13211,completing the transmission of data.In the server layer,street managers can control all of the city lights intelligently through visiting the Website.On this basis,the paper proposes a novel software control scheme of Web.Application results show that the system deploys into operation stably for a long time and obvious power consumption is achieved.
State-to-state vibrational kinetics of H$_2$ and H$_2^+$ in a post-shock cooling gas with primordial composition

The radiative cooling of shocked gas with primordial chemical composition is an important process relevant to the formation of the first stars and structures, as well as taking place also in high velocity cloud collisions and supernovae explosions. Among the different processes that need to be considered, the formation kinetics and cooling of molecular hydrogen are of prime interest, since they provide the only way to lower the gas temperature to values well below �10 4 K. In previous works, the internal energy level structure of H2 and its cation has been treated in the approximation of rovibrational ground state at low densities, or trying to describe the dynamics using some arbitrary v > 0 H2 level that is considered representative of the excited vibrational manifold. In this study, we compute the vibrationally resolved kinetics for the time-dependent chemical and thermal evolution of the post-shock gas in a medium of primordial composition. The calculated non-equilibrium distributions are used to evaluate effects on the cooling function of the gas and on the cooling time. Finally, we discuss the dependence of the results to different initial values of the shock velocity and redshift.
Resonant atom-dimer collisions in cesium: Testing universality at positive scattering lengths

Efimov’s solution to the problem of three resonantly interacting particles [1] is widely considered to be the most prominent example of a universal few-body system, where the knowledge of the two-body scattering length a and an additional three-body parameter is sufficient to define the who le energy spectrum and to locate all the bound states. The details of the interparticle potential become irrelevant and diffe rent systems very far apart in energy and length scales can be described in the same way. The famous discrete scaling of the Efimov spectrum (scaling factor of 22 .7) and the precise ratios that link its different parts have attracted large interest in the scientific community. Universal behavior arises from the presence of resonant interactions leading to collisions on a length scale exceedin g the typical size of the interparticle potential. In trimer s ystems, the contributions of the short-range details are commonly included in the “three-body parameter”. This parameter fixes the starting point of the spectrum and can be expressed in terms of the scattering length a− at which the most deeply bound Efimov state crosses the zero-energy threshold [2]. Within the ideal Efimov scenario, the positions of all th e other features of the spectrum are uniquely determined, both at positive and negative values of a. The validation of Efimov’s scenario had remained elusive for decades until experiments on ultracold atoms provided evidence for its existence [3‐13]. The appearance of trimer bound states has been shown by measuring inelastic collisional rates in atomic samples or atom-dimer mixtures by tuning the scattering length via magnetically controlled Fesh bach resonances [14]. The presence of trimer bound states leads to enhancement and suppression of losses [15‐17]. In particular the loss resonances represent a “smoking gun” for Efimov’s spectrum and occur where the trimer energy state crosses the atomic threshold (at a−, in the region of negative a) or merges into the state of a dimer plus a free atom (at a∗, in the region of positive a).
Scl-1013644: a CEMP-s star in the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy

Recent studies of the Milky Way and its satellites have paid special attention to the importance of carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars due to their involvement in Galactic formation history and their possible connection with the chemical elements originating in the first stellar generation. In an ongoing study of red giants in the Sculptor dwarf galaxy we have discovered a star with extremely strong CN and CH molecular bands. This star, Scl-1013644, has previously been identified by Geisler et al. (2005) as a star with an enrichment in the heavy elements. Spectrum synthesis has been used to derive the carbon, nitrogen and barium abundances for Scl-1013644. Our findings are [C/Fe] = +0.8, [N/Fe] = -0.3 and [Ba/Fe] = +2.1 with the latter result consistent with the value found by Geisler et al. (2005). These results reveal Scl-1013644 as a CEMP-s star, the third such star discovered in this dwarf galaxy.
Practical Synthesis of an Enantiomerically Pure trans-4,5-Disubstituted 2-Pyrrolidinone via Enzymatic Resolution. Preparation of the LTB4 Inhibitor BIRZ-227†

A practical synthesis of the enantiomerically pure BIRZ-227 (1), a LTB4 inhibitor, has been developed. The key steps include the effective synthesis of the trans-diarylpyrrolidinone (±)-8 and the enzymatic resolution of N-acetoxymethyl pyrrolidinone (±)-10 by immobilized Lipase Novozym 435. Reduction of pyrrolidinone (+)-8 with borane and subsequent coupling with chlorobenzoxazole 2 furnished BIRZ-227 in high enantiomeric purity (99% ee). The overall process described herein required no chromatographic separation and is amenable to the preparation of multikilogram quantities of the desired drug candidate in a cost-effective manner.
Thermal dark matter through the Dirac neutrino portal

We study a simple model of thermal dark matter annihilating to standard model neutrinos via the neutrino portal. A (pseudo-)Dirac sterile neutrino serves as a mediator between the visible and the dark sectors, while an approximate lepton number symmetry allows for a large neutrino Yukawa coupling and, in turn, efficient dark matter annihilation. The dark sector consists of two particles, a Dirac fermion and complex scalar, charged under a symmetry that ensures the stability of the dark matter. A generic prediction of the model is a sterile neutrino with a large active-sterile mixing angle that decays primarily invisibly. We derive existing constraints and future projections from direct detection experiments, colliders, rare meson and tau decays, electroweak precision tests, and small scale structure observations. Along with these phenomenological tests, we investigate the consequences of perturbativity and scalar mass fine tuning on the model parameter space. A simple, conservative scheme to confront the various tests with the thermal relic target is outlined, and we demonstrate that much of the cosmologically-motivated parameter space is already constrained. We also identify new probes of this scenario such as multi-body kaon decays and Drell-Yan production of $W$ bosons at the LHC.
Thermodynamics of BTZ black holes in gravity’s rainbow

In this paper, we deform the thermodynamics of a BTZ black hole from rainbow functions in gravity’s rainbow. The rainbow functions will be motivated from the results in loop quantum gravity and noncommutative geometry. It will be observed that the thermodynamics gets deformed due to these rainbow functions, indicating the existence of a remnant. However, the Gibbs free energy does not get deformed due to these rainbow functions, and so the critical behavior from Gibbs does not change by this deformation. This is because the deformation in the entropy cancels out the temperature deformation.