Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Etudes multi-échelles des couplages entre les propriétés hygroélastiques des papiers et leur microstructure

L’objectif de ce travail est d’etudier les couplages entre les proprietes hygroelastiques des papierset leur microstructure. L’exploitation d’images de papiers modeles acquises par microtomographiea rayons X a permis de caracteriser de maniere inedite l’evolution des proprietesmicrostructurales de ces materiaux en fonction de leurs conditions d’elaboration ainsique lors d’essais ou ils ont ete places sous atmosphere a humidite relative controlee.Ces resultats constituent un apport nouveau pour la connaissance de la nature statistique desdescripteurs des proprietes des fibres (dimensions et orientation) et de leurs contacts (surface,degre de liaison), de l’architecture des reseaux fibreux que forment les papiers (nombrede contacts entre fibre) et pour la taille des volumes elementaires representatifs des proprietesmicrostructurales et elastiques de ces milieux. Sur la base de ces informations, differentsmodeles, plus oumoins raffines, ont ete elabores dans le cadre de la theorie de l’homogeneisationdes structures periodiques discretes, pour decrire les proprietesmecaniques des papiers.Cette approche apporte un eclairage nouveau sur le role des liaisons entre fibres sur leur comportement mecanique.
Ultra-compact metamaterial absorber for multiband light absorption at mid-infrared frequencies

We investigated a multiband metamaterial absorber composed of one-side open cavities. A metallic sidewall effectively prevents destructive coupling between the neighboring cavities. Thus, the number of subunits in one period, which determines the number of multibands or the width of broadband, can be greatly increased. A redshift effect of the resonances is observed theoretically and numerically when the distance between the subunits is reduced. Although the separation is very small and the coupling between the neighboring cavities is strong, the angular insensitivity of the absorption is well-maintained over a wide range. Our findings may enable applications of ultra-compact multiband sensors and thermal emitters.
A Simple Model for Predicting the Na+ Distribution in Anhydrous NaY and NaX Zeolites

A simple model is used for predicting the way cations are distributed among the known crystallographic sites I, I‘, II, and III, in NaY and NaX faujasite zeolites. This model is based on the well-known assumption that the cation distribution is dominated by the repulsive cation−cation Coulombic interactions. In the case of NaY the predicted distributions are in good agreement with the available experimental data. Monte Carlo simulations have been performed, using a simplified framework model together with the recently proposed cation-framework model of Jaramillo and Auerbach. These simulations confirm the basic assumption of the cation-filling model. They also reveal a striking sensitivity of the configuration energy to a weak deviation from the most uniform local cation spatial distribution. The existence of the extra site III‘ experimentally reported in NaX is also observed in these simulations.
Alternate dissociation of the screw dislocations in a (0 0 1) buried small-angle twist boundary in silicon

The square dislocation network of a (0 0 1) buried small-angle boundary in silicon was observed by dark-field transmission electron microscopy to examine the structures of more than 100 dissociated dislocation segments. Images were taken with g = (2 2 0), using a many-beam case along the reciprocal lattice row. Dissociation occurs on alternate close-packed planes without systematic rule, although a degree of ordering is taking place. Most of the dislocation segments have lengths equal to half of the square network period. Image simulation studies revealed that their experimental contrasts cannot be explained from the usual assumption of straight dislocations running in an infinite crystal. However, if these dislocations are supposed close and parallel to a nearby free surface, a reasonable agreement is found between the micrographs and the simulated images. A three-dimensional elastic model is proposed to explain the contrasts of the dislocation network.
Etude sur le Lben marocain

Nous avons etudie l'evolution de certains groupes microbiens importants au cours de l'elaboration du Lben traditionnel marocain: flore mesophile aerobie totale, bacteries lactiques (Streptococci, Leuconostoc, Lactobacilli),coliformes, streptocoques fecaux, levures et moisissures. Parallelement, le taux de matiere grasse, l'extrait sec, l'acidite Dornic et le pH ont ete determines. Les streptocoques lactiques et les Leuconostoc sont les principaux groupes responsables de l'acidification du lait au cours de sa transformation en Lben. Les especes les plus importantes sont Streptococcus lactis, S. diacetylactis, Leuconostoc lactis et L. cremoris. Les lactobacilles, tres faiblement representes, ne semblent pas jouer un role important dans l'elaboration du Lben. Les levures et les moisissures se developpent regulierement, notamment avec l'acidification du produit mais leur nombre n'atteint jamais un niveau tres eleve. Cependant, elles pourraient participer a la production d'arome. Les coliformes et les streptocoques fecaux sont presents dans tous les echantillons.
Chemical modification of jute fibers. I. Permanganate-initiated graft copolymerization methyl methacrylate onto jute fibers

A study on the graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto defatted jute fibers by using potassium permanganate as initiator has been made. To determine the optimum conditions for grafting, the effects of permanganate, monomer, acid, alkali treatment, time, and temperature on percentage of grafting have been studied. Kinetic studies showed that the overall reaction obeyed second order mechanism. The activation energy of the reaction has been found to be 4.34 kcal/mol. A suitable mechanism for the grafting process has been proposed. The grafted fibers have been characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, DTG, and DTA). It has been found that chemical modification of jute fiber by grafting process using permanganate as the initiator does not improve the tensile properties of the fibers.
Nitrogen Removal with Nitrification and Denitrification via Nitrite

Biological nitrification and denitrification via nitrite pathway is technically feasible and economically favorable, especially when wastewater with high ammonium concentrations or low C/N ratios is treated. Therefore, it has attracted more and more attention. It is very important to maintain partial nitrification of ammonium to nitrite. In this paper, the factors that influence operation and efficiency of nitrification and denitrification via nitrite are discussed, including DO concentration, carbon source, aeration pattern, PH, temperature and high free ammonia. High ammonia concentration and temperature are prone to accomplish of short-cut nitrification and denitrification, but limit application in practice. Finally, the review discussed the future challenges for application of short-cut nitrification and denitrification.
Controlling molecular ground-state dissociation by optimizing vibrational ladder climbing

To achieve large population transfer to high vibrational levels in a selected ground-state mode of a polyatomic molecule [Cr(CO)6], we apply chirped femtosecond mid-infrared laser pulses at 2000 cm−1 to optimize vibrational ladder climbing as an energy deposition mechanism, which in turn controls the outcome of a unimolecular dissociation process. Its dependence on excitation parameters (frequency, intensity, chirp) is investigated and found to be in excellent agreement with a theoretical calculation. In particular, it is shown that optimizing vibrational ladder climbing allows for coherently controlled excitation even in a polyatomic molecule.
Inhibition of Corrosion of Mild Steel

Introduction Many researchers have used a number of organic and inorganic compounds to retard the dissolution of metals and alloys in various aggressive media. It is well‐known that a particular inhibitor which gives a very high efficiency for a metal‐corrosive system may not function similarly in other metal‐corrosive systems. It therefore becomes necessary to seek better inhibitors for different systems. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of cyclohexyl‐2,3,5,6‐tetrahydro‐1‐thiotetrazine in controlling corrosion of mild steel in neutral media.
Determination of the Constant Coefficient in Pressure Propagation Equation

Abstract Many studies on the pressure propagation in porous media show that the relationship between the square of the radius of investigation and the producing time of a well is linear. The linear relationship is the pressure propagation equation (or pressure equation). However, these studies do not arrive at the same constant coefficient representing the linear relationship. The purpose of this study is to find the constant coefficient for the pressure propagation equation. The constant coefficient from this study is derived from analyzing pressure transient behavior and observing the boundary effect time (the starting time of wellbore pressure affected by the reservoir boundary). The results show that the constant coefficient in the pressure equation, i.e., the linear constant between the square of dimensionless radius of investigation and the dimensionless producing time is 17.82.
Photocatalytic Degradation of the Tributyltin by Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts

Tributyltin (TBT) in water was photocatalytically decomposed in the presence of TiO2 film photo-catalyst, which was prepared by coating TiO2 on the industry pure titanium foil. The photocatalytic decomposition rate of TBT is up to 93.8% within 30 min. Photocatalytic decomposition of TBT was greatly enhanced with rate constant nearly 3 times as that by photolysis. TBT decomposed in a stepwise manner, and the main products were monobutyltin (MBT), which is further decomposed to inorganic tin in the system.
HPLC Determination of Chloramphenicol, Chloramphenicol Monosuccinate and Chloramphenicol Glucuronide in Biological Matrices

Abstract An isocratic reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method for the determination of chloramphenicol 1- and 3-succinate and chloramphenicol in serum within 5 minutes following precipitation with perchloric acid is described. An ion-pair chromatographic method gives the additional option of co-determination of chloramphenicol 3-glucuronide in urine and serum. An extraction method for the determination of chloramphenicol in biological tissues is presented.
Preparation and characterization of CaCO3 crystals and CaCO3/La2(CO3)3 composited fluorescent materials

Using semipermeable celloidin membrane as a basic template and organic reagents as cooperation additives, the CaCO3 crystals with different morphologies were successfully synthesized. All the products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, etc. With the view of the different solubility products (Ksp) of La2(CO3)3 and CaCO3, a novel core/shell CaCO3/La2(CO3)3 composited fluorescent material was synthesized for the first time. The morphologies and properties of the core/shell CaCO3/La2(CO3)3 composited fluorescent materials were also investigated.
Assessment of phytoavailability of nickel in soils

Methods are needed for the rapid characterization of the phytoavailable fraction of trace elements in soils to assess the risk of contamination of the food chain and evaluate the impact of waste management practices. This investigation was undertaken to study the phytoavailability of Ni in soils using the isotopic exchange method. Isotopic exchange of {sup 63}Ni{sup 2+} ions was studied in two soils, a silt loam and a clayey muck, and the isotopic composition of Ni in the soil solution was determined. Plant tests were conducted on the same soils amended with {sup 63}Ni{sup 2+}, and the isotopic composition of Ni in the plant tissues was also measured. The isotopic composition of Ni in soil extracted by DTPA at the end of the culture was also determined. Results showed that the isotopic composition of Ni in the soil solution was identical to the isotopic composition of Ni taken up by plants during the same time. The Ni in the plant came exclusively from the pool of the isotopically exchangeable Ni of the soil. Also, under these experimental conditions, DTPA extracted mainly isotopically exchangeable Ni, reinforcing the validity of this chemical to assess the phytoavailability of Ni. Besides, the phytoavailable soilmore » Ni could be characterized with the intensity, quantity, and capacity factors deduced from isotopic exchange kinetics. The kinetics for which parameters were obtained from short-term experiments were successfully extrapolated to longer times of exchange corresponding to plant growth which demonstrated that isotopic exchange kinetics is an appropriate tool to assess the truly phytoavailable Ni in soils. This technique requires more data from many different soils before it can be used for routine measurements. « less
Surface Labeling with Adhesion Protein FimH Improves Binding of Immunotherapeutic Agent Salmonella Ty21a to the Bladder Epithelium

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer in men. 70% of these tumors are classified as non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and those patients receive 6 intravesical instillations with Mycobacterium bovis BCG after transurethral resection. However, 30% of patients show recurrences after treatment and experience severe side effects that often lead to therapy discontinuation. Recently, another vaccine strain, Salmonella enterica typhi Ty21a, demonstrated promising antitumor activity in vivo. Here we focus on increasing bacterial retention in the bladder in order to reduce the number of instillations required and improve antitumor activity. OBJECTIVE: To increase the binding of Ty21a to the bladder wall by surface labeling of the bacteria with adhesion protein FimH and to study its effect in a bladder cancer mouse model. METHODS: Binding of Ty21a with surface-labeled FimH to the bladder wall was analyzed in vitro and in vivo. The antitumor effect of a single instillation of Ty21a+FimH in treatment was determined in a survival experiment. RESULTS: FimH-labeled Ty21a showed significant (p < 0.0001) improved binding to mouse and human cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, FimH labeled bacteria showed ∼5x more binding to the bladder than controls in vivo. Enhanced binding to the bladder via FimH labeling induced a modest improvement in median but not in overall mice survival. CONCLUSIONS: FimH labeling of Ty21a significantly improved binding to bladder tumor cells in vitro and the bladder wall in vivo. The improved binding leads to a modest increase in median survival in a single bladder cancer mouse study.
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for in situ process monitoring and control during molecular beam epitaxy growth of InGaAs/AlGaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors

We report the use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for active, closed-loop control of substrate temperature during the growth of a modulation doped heterostructure. Measurement and control of substrate temperature is a common difficulty for molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), as well as other semiconductor deposition techniques. To examine the effect of the temperature lag experienced during conventional MBE, we have grown identical pairs of GaAs/InGaAs/AlGaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (pHEMTs). For one pHEMT in each pair, the input signal for substrate temperature control was the standard thermocouple (TC); for the other, it was diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Under TC control, an overshoot of up to 70 °C was observed during the temperature upramp following the lower-temperature deposition of the InGaAs layer. This overshoot was eliminated under DRS control. Temperature errors can lead to heterolayer changes such as segregation, desorption, and changes in dopant activation.
Recurrent Exposure to Welding Fumes Induces Insufficient Recovery from Inflammation

Previous studies on welding-fume-induced lung fibrosis have indicated that recovery is possible when the degree of exposure is short-term and moderate. However, this study investigated the recovery after recurrent exposure to welding fumes, as welders are invariably re-exposed to welding fumes after recovering from radiographic pneumoconiosis. Thus, to investigate the disease and recovery processes of welding-fume-induced pneumoconiosis in the case of recurrent welding-fume exposure, rats were exposed to manual metal arc–stainless steel (MMA-SS) welding fumes with a total suspended particulate (TSP) concentration of 51.4 ± 2.8 mg/m3 (low dose) or 84.6 ± 2.9 mg/m3 (high dose) for 2 h/day in an inhalation chamber for 1 mo and then allowed to recover from the inflammation for 1 mo. Thereafter, the rats were exposed again to MMA-SS with a TSP concentration of 44.1 ± 8.8 mg/m3 (low dose) or 80.1 ± 9.8 mg/m3 (high dose) for another 30 d and then allowed to recover from the inflammation for 1 mo. The recovery from the first exposure was then compared with that from the second exposure. The first and second exposures to MMA-SS welding fumes were found to produce significant increases in the lung weights and inflammatory parameters, including total cell numbers, alveolar macrophages (AMs), polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), lymphocytes, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) when compared with the unexposed controls. Following the first and second recovery, a significant reduction in inflammatory parameters of BALF was observed between the exposure and recovery groups. Histopathological observations showed foamy or pigmented macrophage accumulation, cellular debris, or pigment from burst macrophages after the first or second exposure. Following the first or second recovery, cellular debris or pigment from burst macrophages was cleared away from the lungs and accumulation of foamy or pigmented macrophages was decreased when compared to previous exposure. Reactive hyperplasia was noticed after second exposure or either recovery. However, significant differences were observed between the first and second exposure or the first and second recovery. In particular, the number of PMNs was significantly higher after the second exposure than after the first exposure. Also, all cell types in the BALF were significantly elevated in the high-dose second recovery group than in the first recovery group, indicating an incomplete recovery from second exposure. In conclusion, these results indicated that the lung damage caused by the second welding-fume exposure was more difficult to recover from than the first exposure.
Proton-conductive membranes of sulfonated Polyphenylsulfone

Polyphenylsulfone was sulfonated by two different methods: reaction with SO3 and reaction with (CH3)3SiSO3Cl. The products were characterized, and the advantages of both methods are discussed. Much more homogeneous products were obtained from the reaction with (CH3)3SiSO3Cl, along with better control of the sulfonation degree. An alternative method of membrane preparation led to an asymmetric structure, which allowed the combination of high mechanical stability and high proton conductance. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2820–2827, 2002
Synthesis of potassium chloroapatites, IR, X‐ray and Raman studies

New conditions of synthesis Ca-chlorapatite and K-Ca-chlorapatite by using the melt salts method were determined. The results of X-ray diffraction show that the compound Ca-chlorapatite crystallizes in the hexagonal system (space group P63/m) with the crystallo-graphic parameters (a = b = 9.6228(3) A and c = 6.7610(3) A) that are closely equal to those of literature. Two potassium calcium chlorapatites were prepared by this method. Samples were identified by X.R diffraction, IR spectroscopy, chemical analysis and density measurements. Results allow to propose a global general formula (Ca 1 0 - x A x (P04)6(Cl) 2 - x with 0 < x < 2). IR absorption and Raman diffusion studies allow to attribute different modes of vibration and to show the structural disorder.
Theoretical and experimental study of electroosmosis-driven two-fluid displacement in a microcapillary

Fluid flow in microfluidic systems can be achieved by electroosmosis (EO) pumping, with its own unique characteristics and advantages. In practice, multi-fluid (one fluid displacing another fluid) flows are frequently encountered. Understanding of multi-fluid EO flow associated with non-uniform liquid properties is of importance to precise flow control. This paper reports an EO-driven, two-fluid displacement flow in a microcapillary. The electrical current monitoring method is adopted for investigating the dynamic flow response. The nonlinear change of the electrical current with time under a constant applied voltage is observed during the displacing processes. The theoretical and experimental results validate the hypothesis that the non-uniform zeta potential and electric field induce local pressure gradients in the two different fluids. This results in the deviation of the velocity flow profile from the ideal plug-like flow profile expected for EO flow. The model predictions agreed well with the experimental data when a low concentration fluid displaces a high concentration fluid, but not vice versa. The time of displacement, and thus the flow velocity, is found to be dependent on the displacing flow direction, which is hitherto not reported. The underlying mechanisms are postulated, but require further investigation.
A SENSITIVE AND VALIDATED METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF FOUR ADDITIVES IN HAM SAUSAGE BY HPLC-DAD METHOD

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with diode array detector (DAD) detection for simultaneous determination of acesulfame potassium, sodium saccharin, sodium benzoate, and potassium sorbate present in ham sausage collected in China is proposed and validated. Chromatography was carried out on a EclipseXDB-C18 column with the isocratic mobile phase of methanol-0.02 mol/L ammonium acetate (30:70, v/v) (pH 6.0) at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min at 25°C. The effluent was monitored using a DAD detector set at 230 nm. Four main artificial sweeteners and preservatives were separated within 10 min. A comprehensive validation of the method included tests of linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, and accuracy. Linear regressions were acquired with r 2 > 0.9951. Limits of detection and quantification for analytes were in the range of 0.13–0.32 mg/kg and 0.39–0.96 mg/kg. Average recoveries and relative standard deviation values (n = 6) were range from 91.0% to 111% and from 0.73% to 2.87%. The proposed procedure was applied successfully for the determination of mixtures of artificial sweeteners and preservatives in ham sausage.
Ternäre Verbindungen des Lithiums und Natriums mit Mangan und Elementen der 5. Hauptgruppe

Es wird uber Darstellung und Kristallstruktur ternarer AMnX-Verbindungen (A Li, Na; X P, As, Sb, Bi) berichtet. Sie kristallisieren tetragonal in Raumgruppe P4/nmm-D4h7, wobei sich LiMnX und NaMnX durch unterschiedliche Punktlagen der Alkaliatome unterscheiden. Die AMnX-Strukturen werden mit denen verwandter AMX-Verbindungen verglichen (A Li, Na, K, Rb; M Be, Mg, Zn, Cd; X 5b-Element). Ternary Compounds of Lithium and Sodium with Manganese and Elements of the Fifth Main Group Formation and crystal structure of ternary AMnX compounds (A Li, Na; X P, As, Sb, Bi) are reported. These compounds crystallize in the tetragonal space group P4/nmm-D. The structures of LiMnX and NaMnX differ by the positions of the alkali atoms. Structural relationship to AMX compounds (A Li, Na, K, Rb; M Be, Mg, Zn, Cd; X 5b element) are discussed.