Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global representation of tropical cyclone-induced ocean 1 thermal changes using Argo data 2 3

11 Argo floats are used to examine tropical cyclone (TC)-induced ocean thermal changes 12 on the global scale by comparing temperature profiles before and after TC passage. 13 We present a footprint method that analyzes cross-track thermal responses along all 14 storm tracks during the period 2004-2012. We combine the results into composite 15 representations of the vertical structure of the average thermal response for two 16 different categories: tropical storms/depressions (TS/TD) and hurricanes. The two 17 footprint composites are functions of three variables: cross-track distance, water depth 18 and time relative to TC passage. We find that this footprint strategy captures the 19 major features of the upper-ocean thermal response to TCs on time scales up to 20 20 days when compared against previous case study results using in situ measurements. 21 On the global scale, TCs are responsible for 1.87 PW (11.05 W/m) of heat transfer 22 annually from the global ocean to the atmosphere during storm passage (0-3 days). Of 23 this total, 1.05±0.20 PW (4.80±0.85 W/m) is caused by Tropical storms/Tropical 24 depressions (TS/TD) and 0.82±0.21 PW (6.25±1.5 W/m) is caused by hurricanes. 25 Our findings indicate that ocean heat loss by TCs may be a substantial missing piece 26 of the global ocean heat budget. Net changes in OHC after storm passage is estimated 27 by analyzing the temperature anomalies during wake recovery following storm events 28 (4-20 days after storm passage) relative to pre-storm conditions. Results indicate the 29 global ocean experiences a 0.75±0.25 PW (5.98±2.1 W/m) net heat gain annually for 30 hurricanes. In contrast, under TS/TD conditions, the ocean experiences 0.41±0.21 PW 31
Innovate or copy: a Qualitative Document Analysis to Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries

There is a consensus that entrepreneurs need to come up with new ideas, new products and services and organizing methods to be successful in their new ventures. However, entrepreneurship doesn’t necessarily need to invent, but take an existing idea and make it better. The advent of digital technologies has provided entrepreneurs with myriad opportunities to be creative and create new ventures. The rise and growth of born digital organizations such as Uber, Airbnb and Alibaba.com are strongly attributed to the advancements in technologies. In this research, by conducting a qualitative document analysis for twenty-five South Asian start-ups, we explore how idea generation occurs in entrepreneurs in developing countries. The study contributes to the academia and practice by introducing four idea generation strategies executed by entrepreneurs in developing countries.
Young solar type active stars: The TYC 2627-638-1 system

We present BV(RI)C and JHKsphotometry and low- and high-resolution spectroscopy of the 11th mag G-type star TYC 2627-638-1. Our investigation reveals that the target is separated into two young, early-G-type main-sequence (or late pre-main-sequence) stars, which are most probably bound and form a wide binary system. A substellar body orbits the brighter component as implied by radial velocity variations. The brighter component possibly also has a faint, later type stellar companion. Both components of the wide binary have clear emission cores in the Ca ii H&K lines and filled-in Hα absorption, indicating that both stars are chromospherically active. Our photometric time series reveals clear but only a few hundredths of a magnitude amplitude rotational modulation, which is most likely due to cool starspots. Two distinct periods, near 3.5 and 3.7 days, are found in the brightness variations. Photometry obtained separately of the two components of the wide binary show that these periodicities belong to the brighter star. The fainter component shows a much slower light variation of about 0.3 mag. amplitude. In addition, long-term changes in the brightness of both stars are seen. The spectral energy distribution shows a strong near-infrared excess in the fainter component of the wide binary.
The Economic Theory of Regulation: the Case of Agrarian Reform legislation in Brazil

JEL code: L51 e Q15. This paper uses the votes on agrarian reform legislation during the writing of the Brazilian Constitution in 1988 to test hypotheses about the apparent ideological behavior of the legislators. This test starts out with a sim pIe capture model that explains the legislators' votes based on the preferences and capacity to organize of their con­ stituencies. The second step is to recognize that the relationship between the legislator and his/her constituency has the properties of a principal-agent relationship. This implies that under certain condi­ tions, the legislator may experience some slack, which aIlows him/her to vote his/her own preferences rather than those of the constituents. The main problem with this approach has ben to find a reasonable measure of the legislators' ideology. Several different measures are attempted in this paper for the case of land reform legislation. The results obtained display the same strenghts and weaknesses as resuIts in the original literature for the USA. Ideology is found to matter, however the measures used remain vulnerable to the criticism that they reflect left out constituent characteristics rather than legislator preferences.
FOR THE CBM EXPERIMENT July 21 , 2015 Projectile spectator detector ( PSD )

The technical design report describes the main requirements, detector layout, and expected performance of the Projectile Spectator Detector (PSD) for the CBM experiment at the future FAIR facility in Darmstadt, Germany. The main purpose of the PSD is to provide an experimental measurement of a heavy-ion collision centrality and orientation of its symmetry plane. Precise event-by-event estimate of these basic observables is crucial for many physics phenomena studies to be performed by the CBM Collaboration. The PSD is a compensating lead-scintillator calorimeter designed to measure the energy distribution of the projectile nuclei fragments (spectators) and forward going particles produced close to the beam rapidity. The main design requirements of the PSD are (i) forward rapidity coverage and sufficient energy resolution to allow for precise collision centrality determination and consequently of the number of participating nucleons and (ii) granularity in the plane transverse to the beam direction which is needed for the collision symmetry plane reconstruction. The proposed 44 module design of the PSD covers large transverse area around the beam spot position such that most of the projectile spectator fragments deposit their energy in the PSD. The elongated transverse geometry of the PSD in the direction of the field generated by the CBM magnet takes into account the smearing of the fragment distribution in that direction. Each module of the PSD has a lead-scintillator sandwich structure with longitudinal segmentation which can be used to separate electromagnetic and hadronic showers in the calorimeter. A sample of simulated heavy-ion collisions with realistic modeling of nuclei fragment production and directed flow of produced particles transported through the GEANT Monte-Carlo of the CBM detector geometry has been used to demonstrate the desired performance of the PSD. A lead-scintillator prototype of the PSD module with scintillator light readout by micropixel avalanche photodiodes and the PSD front-end electronics were tested with the proton and pion beams and cosmic muon rays. Radiation hardness and possible degradation of the PSD were studied with the FLUKA simulation of the CBM detector geometry. Projectile spectator detector 1
Magnetic and mineralogical properties of different granulometric fractions in the soils of the Lublin Upland Region

Themagnetic and mineralogical properties of 5 selected soil granulometric fractions from A and B horizons of Orthic Luvisol, Eutric Cambisol, Haplic Phaeozem and Dystric Cambisol were investigated. The magnetic susceptibilities determined (MS) of consecutive fractions are in the range 510 -8 - 7010 -8 m 3 kg -1 ; they vary between 510 -8 and 3010 -8 m 3 kg -1 for brown soils and between 1510 -8 and 7010 -8 m 3 kg -1 for degraded chernozem. Differences in the distribution of MS in fractions taken from A and B horizons reflect peculiarities of the soil forming processes and are connected with soil typology. Relationships between chemical and physical properties and transformation of mineral composition of the soil fractions are discussed.
Late Miocene to early Pliocene biofacies of Wanganui and Taranaki Basins, New Zealand: Applications to paleoenvironmental and sequence stratigraphic analysis

Abstract The Matemateaonga Formation is late Miocene to early Pliocene (upper Tongaporutuan to lower Opoitian New Zealand Stages) in age. The formation comprises chiefly shellbeds, siliciclastic sandstone, and siltstone units and to a lesser extent non‐marine and shallow marine conglomerate and rare paralic facies. The Matemateaonga Formation accumulated chiefly in shelf paleoenvironments during basement onlap and progradation of a late Miocene to early Pliocene continental margin wedge in the Wanganui and Taranaki Basins. The formation is strongly cyclothemic, being characterised by recurrent vertically stacked facies successions, bounded by sequence boundaries. These facies accumulated in a range of shoreface to mid‐outer shelf paleoenvironments during conditions of successively oscillating sea level. This sequential repetition of facies and the biofacies they enclose are the result of sixth‐order glacio‐eustatic cyclicity. Macrofaunal associations have been identified from statistical analysis of macrofossil occurrences collected from multiple sequences. Each association is restricted to particular lithofacies and stratal positions and shows a consistent order and/or position within the sequences. This pattern of temporal paleoecologic change appears to be the result of lateral, facies‐related shifting of broad biofacies belts, or habitat‐tracking, in response to fluctuations of relative sea level, sediment flux, and other associated paleoenvironmental variables. The associations also show strong similarity in terms of their generic composition to biofacies identified in younger sedimentary strata and the modern marine benthic environment in New Zealand.
Wolinella gen. nov., Wolinella succinogenes (Vibrio succinogenes Wolin et al.) comb. nov., and Description of Bacteroides gracilis sp. nov., Wolinella recta sp. nov., Campylobacter concisus sp. nov., and Eikenella corrodens from Humans with Periodontal Disease

We compared 46 strains of gram-negative, asaccharolytic, rod-shaped bacteria which were isolated from humans with gingivitis, periodontal pockets, and lesions in alveolar bone with 10 reference strains of Eikenella corrodens, Vibrio succinogenes, Bacteroides ureolyticus, and species of Campylobacter. We divided these 56 strains into seven groups based on the guanine-plus-cytosine contents of their deoxyribonucleic acids, their deoxyribonucleic acid homologies, and cluster analyses of their phenotypic features. A total of 23 of the fresh isolates showed more than 90% similarity (Jaccard coefficient) with E. corrodens. Growth of the remaining 23 isolates was enhanced in. broth cultures by formate and fumarate. These isolates were not members of B. ureolyticus, V. succinogenes, or previously described species of Campylobacter, they constituted three distinct new species. We propose Bacteroides gracilis sp. nov. (type strain, ATCC 33236) as the name for seven isolates of slender, gram-negative, nonmotile, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that corroded agar and had deoxyribonucleic acid guanine-plus-cytosine contents of 44 to 46 mol%. All of the remaining isolates were motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Ten anaerobic strains were similar to V. succinogenes in phenotypic characteristics and guanine-plus-cytosine contents. However, these strains were distinct from V. succinogenes on the basis of deoxyribonucleic acid homology results. We propose Wolinella as the name of a new genus to include anaerobic, asaccharolytic, rod-shaped bacteria with single polar flagella and deoxyribonucleic acid guanine-plus-cytosine contents of 42 to 49 mol%. Wolinella succinogenes (Wolin et al.) comb. nov. is designated the type species of the genus, and ATCC 29543 is the type strain of W. succinogenes. We propose Wolinella recta sp. nov. (type strain, ATCC 33238) as the name for nine of the strains that formed a related but distinct group. We propose Campylobacter concisus sp. nov. (type strain, ATCC 33237) as the name for the six isolates of noncorroding, microaerophilic, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that have predominantly curved cells and deoxyribonucleic acid guanine-plus-cytosine contents of 34 to 38 mol%. The description of the genus Campylobacter is amended to include species with deoxyribonucleic acid guanine-plus-cytosine contents of 30 to 38 mol%.
Line Based Robust Script Identification for Indian Languages

In this paper a line based script identification using a hierarchical classification scheme is proposed to identify the Indian scripts includes Hindi, Gurumukhi and Bangla. We model the problem as topological, structural classification problem and examine the features inspired by human visual perception. Our basic algorithm uses different feature set at different level of classifier to optimize the tradeoff between accuracy and speed. The feature extraction is done on the subsets of image which in turn increases the performance of algorithm. The proposed system attains overall classification accuracy of 90% over the 2500+ text image data set.
Does capital gains tax add to or detract from the fairness of the South African tax system

This research seeks to add to the existing body of knowledge on the perceived impact of Capital Gains Tax (CGT) on the fairness of the South Africa Tax System. Building on the largely qualitative work done by Vivian (2006) and Smith (1776), this research makes use of an extensive literature review followed by a correspondence analysis to complement the existing body of research into this area. The literature review discuss the fairness criteria advanced by Smith (1776) (Smith’s tax canon) and identify ‘unfairness characteristics’ of CGT. The correspondence analysis only tests the theories advanced in the literature review and revealed that there are potential sources of unfairness inherent in the Eighth Schedule to the Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962 (the Eighth Schedule). These include the possibility that that CGT gives rise to double tax and imposes a high burden on taxpayer’s ability to bear the tax load.
Study of Spin Transfer Torque (STT) and Spin Orbit Torque (SOT) Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJS) at Advanced CMOS Technology Nodes

Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM) is a promising candidate to be the universal non-volatile (NV) storage device. The Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) is the cornerstone of the NV-MRAM technology. 2terminal MTJ based on Spin Transfer Torque (STT) switching is considered as a hot topic for academic and industrial researchers. Moreover, the 3-terminal Spin Orbit Torque (SOT) MTJ has recently been considered as a hopeful device which provides an increased reliability thanks to independent write and read paths. Since both MTJ devices (STT and SOT) seem to revolutionize the data storage market, it is necessary to explore their compatibility with very advanced CMOS processes in terms of transistor sizing and performance. Assuming a good maturity of the magnetic processes that would enable to fabricate small junctions, simulation results show that the existing advanced sub-micronic CMOS processes can drive the required writing current with reasonable size of transistors confirming the high density feature of MRAMs. At 28 nm node, the minimum transistor size can be used by the STT device. The SOT device shows remarkable energy efficiency with 6× improvement compared with the STT technology. Results are very encouraging for future complex hybrid magnetic/CMOS integrated circuits (ICs).
Three-dimensional ultrasound in gynecological clinical practice

Correspondence: Juan Luis Alcazar Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pio XII, 36, 31008 Pamplona, Spain Tel +34 948 255400 Fax +34 948 296500 Email jlalcazar@unav.es Abstract: Three-dimensional ultrasound is an imaging technique that is being introduced into clinical practice in several medical specialties. Although this technique is unlikely to replace the two-dimensional ultrasound, its role as a diagnostic tool is being explored. In fact, in the field of gynecology there has been a steady increase in the number of papers published in the last few years. These applications include: imaging the uterus, uterine cavity, adnexa, and pelvic floor as well as reproductive medicine, such as the prediction of IVF success or ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. The aim of this paper is to review the current status of threedimensional ultrasound in clinical practice in gynecology.
Urban greenery aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae)

In 2010-2011, a study of the occurrence of aphids was carried out in three parks in Bydgoszcz, the Balaton Park, the Jan Kochanowski Park and the Park by Unii Lubelskiej. Observations were made every ten days by monitoring trees and shrubs as soon as aphids appeared, i.e. from the end of April to the beginning of August. The counts of aphids were replicated three times, on each plant species where the insects were observed. Based on the collected material, 14 aphid species were found on 16 plant species in the Jan Kochanowski Park, 16 species of aphids on 14 plant species in the Balaton Park and in the Park by Unii Lubelskiej, only 12 species feeding on 16 plant species. In both years of the study, of aphid species feeding on trees and shrubs, Aphis fabae, Aphis sambuci, Aphis spiraephaga and Hyalopterus pruni, occurred most frequently. The Balaton Park was characterized by the largest number of aphids colonizing plants; in contrast, the number of tree and bush species on which they fed was the lowest.
Identifying the Scale Components of Teacher Trainers' Professional Development in ICT

The national program of ICT in Israel emphasizes the professional development of teacher trainers in ICT and pedagogical innovation. The purpose of the study is to identify the scale components of teacher trainers' professional development in ICT. The research used quantitative method. 53 teacher trainers of a training program participated in the study. Subjects filled in a self-report questionnaire about their satisfaction from the training course and pedagogy and content knowledge self-efficacy. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis found the questionnaire in total valid and reliably explaining the characteristics of the training program and the contribution of five latent factors that are recommended to be components of teacher trainers' professional development in ICT scale: Applicative knowledge, learning process, teaching strategies, time management, and learning environment. The conclusion of the study is that a recommended model for professional development of teacher trainers in ICT will include these five components, while observing the development in a two-dimensional way: one – from simple to the complex, and two – from external to internal. Future research is recommended to continue and develop the professional development scale, and increase its validity through increasing the number of items collected from the literature, from joint discussions between teacher trainers and researchers, and from interviews with teacher trainers.
Is Rogers' Adopter Categorization Optimal?

Lothar Knüppel is Professor of Business Economics/Statistics at Osnabrück University, Rolandstrasse 8, 49069 Osnabrueck, Germany, Phone: +49 (0)541 969-2503, Fax: +49 (0)541 96912745, E-Mail: lothar.knueppel@uniosnabrueck.de. Oliver Hermsen is Research Assistent of Economic Policy at Bamberg University, Feldkirchenstrasse 21, 96045 Bamberg, Germany, Phone: +49 (0)951 863-2748, Fax: +49 (0)951 8632635, E-Mail: oliver.hermsen@unibamberg.de. Is Rogers’ Adopter Categorization Optimal?
Downregulation of CD44 reduces doxorubicin resistance of CD44+CD24− breast cancer cells

Background Cells within breast cancer stem cell populations have been confirmed to have a CD44+CD24− phenotype. Strong expression of CD44 plays a critical role in numerous types of human cancers. CD44 is involved in cell differentiation, adhesion, and metastasis of cancer cells. Methods In this study, we reduced CD44 expression in CD44+CD24− breast cancer stem cells and investigated their sensitivity to an antitumor drug. The CD44+CD24− breast cancer stem cells were isolated from breast tumors; CD44 expression was downregulated with siRNAs followed by treatment with different concentrations of the antitumor drug. Results The proliferation of CD44 downregulated CD44+CD24− breast cancer stem cells was decreased after drug treatment. We noticed treated cells were more sensitive to doxorubicin, even at low doses, compared with the control groups. Conclusions It would appear that expression of CD44 is integral among the CD44+CD24− cell population. Reducing the expression level of CD44, combined with doxorubicin treatment, yields promising results for eradicating breast cancer stem cells in vitro. This study opens a new direction in treating breast cancer through gene therapy in conjunction with chemotherapy.
Firm's Size effect in the E-Service Industry: the Case of a Developing Country

Globalization and technology effects emerge to spur firms around the globe to embrace e‐business practices. Nevertheless, while many studies have focused on identifying factors that might influence ebusiness adoption to ensure success and avoid failure in developed countries, investigating e-readiness influential factors among small and larger firms in the e-service industry and more specifically in developing countries haven’t been investigated widely enough. The major objective of this research is to understand how e-readiness affects the e-business adoption by shedding the light on the importance of the firms’ size. A survey data was collected from 261 senior managers, among which 42.5% where identified as managers operating in small and medium enterprises (SME) and 57.5% in large enterprises (LE). The results indicate that large enterprises are influenced by external and organizational factors while smaller enterprises are influenced only by organizational factors.