Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PREDICTION OF FUTURE LAND USE LAND COVER CHANGES OF KELANTAN, MALAYSIA

Abstract. Land use land cover change (LULC) is a dynamic process, which is largely influenced by anthropogenic effect. In less urbanized area, human activities such as agricultural expansion, timber extraction and infrastructure development, has caused LULC transformation at alarming rate. Understanding of the potential future LULC changes is necessary for town planners and local authorities to formulate and design town planning. Besides that, the projected LULC patterns could also be incorporated into other models to further evaluate the impact of LULC changes on environment, agricultural, ecosystem, water resources and health. This study projected a future LULC scenario of Kelantan, Malaysia, using an integrated GIS CA-Markov model. The model achieved an accuracy of 78.57% when compared with the LULC map of 2008. Built-up area has increased by 111 km2, while forest area has decreased 1532 km2 in the past 15 years. Results showed that the built-up area, oil palm, and rubber plantation are expected to increase to 181.69 km2, 2142.48 km2, and 3076.24 km2, respectively, in 2025. By contrast, forest and paddy area are projected to decrease to 8548.20 km2, and 693.44 km2 respectively. Urban expansion is mainly found in the northern part of the state, while oil palm expansion in the southern part of the state. It was predicted that this pattern will continue in the next thirty years where built-up and agriculture area continued to expand at the stake of forest area. The findings provide useful information for planners in planning for future development and safeguarding the environment.
Physicochemical properties and selected metals in soils of Ohaji-Egbema, Imo State, Nigeria

This study assesses the physiochemical characteristics and heavy metals content of crude oil polluted soils and non-polluted soils from Ohaji/Egbema, Imo State. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-30 cm at each sampling point and then analyzed using standard analytical methods. Data from the five areas were compared to standards for soils in Nigeria and in World Health Organization (WHO) data banks. The results obtained from the analysis showed an average pH of (4.88 ± 0.02 to 5.02 ± 0.04) for polluted soil and (6.57 ± 0.05 to 6.82 ± 0.03) for non-polluted soil, electrical conductivity (571 ± 1.1 to 592 ± 0.8 μS/cm) for oil polluted soil and (383 ± 0.5 to 415 ± 1.6 μS/cm) for non-polluted samples, moisture content (5.2 ± 0.2 to 9.1 ±0.1%) for polluted soil and (4.5 ± 0.1 to 4.7 ± 0.3%) for non-polluted soil samples. There was no significant difference in temperature and organic matter for both the polluted and non-polluted soil samples. The heavy metals analysis results showed Fe (0.615 to 0.989 ppm) for oil-polluted soil samples and (0.0453 to 0.273 ppm) for non-polluted soil samples, Pb (0.017 to 0.180 ppm) for oil-polluted soil and (0.008 to 0.010 ppm) for non-polluted soil. The study reveals that areas that are polluted need urgent remediation if the soil is to be used for agricultural purposes. Keyword: Characterization, Heavy metals, Oil pollution World News of Natural Sciences 10 (2017) 39-48
Bridging the void: science communication videos for sustainable whale watching

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the role of science communication for sustainable whale watching management. It uses a pragmatic mixed-method approach to present a critical analysis of the potential role of science communication videos to manage participant expectations. Drawing on 30 years of science research on whale watching the empirical study produces an original science communication video. The video was then tested empirically (N = 1698) employing an experimental Test and Control group design. The results highlight that science communication videos can serve as educational management tools for sustainable tourism, and influence people towards responsible whale watching behavior. Furthermore, the results are a clarion call to increase visual research methods in science communication studies in response to our rapidly changing media-environment.
Herpes Simplex Virus Keratitis: A Treatment Guideline

The authors gratefully acknowledge the insightful reviews of this guideline by the following individuals: Robert S. Feder, M.D., Deborah Pavan-Langston, M.D., Thomas J. Liesegang, M.D., Todd P. Margolis, M.D., Ph.D., H. Nancy Sokol, M.D., and Sonal S. Tuli, M.D. The authors thank the 2013 Board of the Ocular Microbiology and Immunology Group for their generous review and endorsement of the guideline. Finally, the authors acknowledge with gratitude the generous assistance of the librarians of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Lucien Howe Library of Ophthalmology, Ms. Chris Nims and Ms. Louise Collins, and the Countway Library, Harvard Medical School, Mr. P. Scott Lapinsky.
The Response of Utah Lake's Plant and Algal Community Structure to Cultural Eutrophication

Anthropogenic disturbance can have negative impacts on lake ecosystems that lead to increased harmful algal blooms and habitat changes such as reduced macrophyte cover. Utah Lake is a large shallow lake located in north-central Utah that is currently a turbid, eutrophic lake but may have historically been mesotrophic with substantial macrophyte cover. Despite local debate regarding the natural condition of the lake, there is no empirical record as to whether this lake’s waters were historically clearer and if so, when the transition occurred. I used a multi-proxy paleolimnological approach to identify and reconstruct shifts in macrophyte production and community composition, as well as to differentiate between natural and anthropogenic ecological conditions. All proxies indicate a transition around 30 cm depth (~1869 ± 25 years). At this time, loss-onignition, plant material and gastropod shells, and C:N ratios indicate a transition in the lake’s recent history marking a shift from macrophyte to phytoplankton dominance. Algal pigments, representative of all algae, increase above this horizon, as well as pigments associated specifically with cyanobacteria. Furthermore, eDNA of phytoplankton and macrophyte communities indicate a transition at roughly the same time. N data indicate a shift to higher values associated with wastewater treatment plant effluent. Algal pigments also indicate a substantial change in preservation, likely due to increased 10 mixing and associated aeration from a loss of macrophytes. BACON modeling of Cs dates associate this critical transition depth with ~1869 ± 25 years. Due to the abrupt transition in all the proxies, I attribute this regime shift largely to the introduction of common carp in 1883, with subsequent eutrophication occurring as the population and associated effluent increased in the lake’s catchment. Overall, this study suggests that the current eutrophic state of Utah Lake, and the timing of the shift, can be attributed to anthropogenic forcing rather than natural conditions.
Antegrade Femoral Tunnel Drill Guides for ACL Reconstruction

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most commonly injured and most frequently reconstructed ligament of the knee. Recently, there has been increased focus on the importance of reproducing the anatomy of the femoral attachment to restore stability along with increased concerns that drilling the femoral tunnel through the tibial tunnel in a retrograde manner more frequently results in a too vertical femoral tunnel. We present a description of our operative technique using one of several commercially available antegrade femoral aiming guides. This technique allows almost unlimited control of femoral tunnel position in the notch by drilling the femoral tunnel through a small (2 cm) lateral incision. We have used this guide in over 160 anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions over 18 months without complications related to graft placement or posterior wall blowout. The guide has been used on patients with a variety of body types, including division I athletes, obese patients, and those at the extremes of height without difficulty related to guide positioning. Compared with the earlier used over-the-top guide, the procedure has been shortened by several steps and we have decreased the size of the lateral incision required for guide placement. Antegrade femoral tunnel drill guides provide a viable alternative to trans tibial and accessory medial portal drilling techniques.
LOW COST ORTHOPAEDIC IMPLANT TRIALS CREATED USING 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY

Many orthopaedic procedures require implants to be trialled before definitive implantation. Where this is required, the trials are provided in a set with the instrumentation. The most common scenario this is seen in during elective joint replacements. In Scotland (2007) the Scottish Executive (http://www.sehd.scot.nhs.uk/cmo/CMO(2006)13.pdf) recommended and implemented individually packed orthopaedic implants for all orthopaedic sets. The premise for this was to reduce the risk of CJD contamination and fatigue of implants due to constant reprocessing from corrosion. During many trauma procedures determining the correct length of plate or size of implant can be challenging. Trials of trauma implants is no longer common place. Many implants are stored in closed and sealed boxes, preventing the surgeon looking at the implant prior to opening and contaminating the device. As a result many implants are incorrectly opened and either need reprocessed or destroyed due to infection control policy, thus implicating a cost to the NHS. With even the simplest implants costing several hundreds of pounds, this cost is a very significant waste in resources that could be deployed else where. My project was to develop a method to produce in department accurate, cheap and disposable trials for implants often used in trauma, where the original manufacturer do not offer the option of a trial off the shelf. The process had to not involve contaminating or destroying the original implant in the production of a trial. Several implants which are commonly used within Glasgow Royal Infirmary and do not have trials were identified. These implants were then CT scanned within their sealed and sterile packaging without contamination. Digital 3D surface renders of the models were created using free open source software (OsiriX, MeshLab, NetFabb). These models were then processed in to a suitable format for 3D printing using laser sintering via a cloud 3D printing bureau (Shapeways.com). The implants were produced in polyamide PA220 material or in 316L stainless steel. These materials could be serialized using gamma irradiation or ethylene oxide gas. The steel models were suitable for autoclaving in the local CSSU. The implants produced were accurate facsimiles of the original implant with dimensions within 0.7mm. The implants were cost effective, an example being a rim mesh was reproduced in polyamide PA220 plastic for £3.50 and in 316L stainless steel for £15. The models were produced within 10 days of scanning. The stainless steel trials were durable and suitable for reprocessing and resterilisation. The production of durable, low cost and functional implant trials all completed in department was successful. The cost of production of each implant is so low that it would be offset if just one incorrect implant was opened during a single procedure. With some of the implants tested, the trials would have paid for themselves 100 times. This is a simple and cost saving technique that would help reduce department funding and aid patient care.
The limits of inclusivity and sustainability in transfrontier peace parks: case of Sengwe community in Great Limpopo transfrontier conservation area, Zimbabwe

Transfrontier peace parks are seized with the challenge of creating a more inclusive and sustainable conservation agenda in the officially designated peaceparks in southern Africa. The quest for inclusivity and sustainability has witnessed sustained lobbying from the local communities calling for more meaningful involvement in the conservation and tourism industry value chain in the peaceparks. Against this background it is therefore imperative to understand the limits of inclusivity and sustainability in the peaceparks. This is important as this may help in gaining insights into improving stakeholder relations and to better manage expectations and perceptions of local communities affected by the establishment of the peaceparks. Understanding the limits of inclusivity and sustainability may help to develop beneficial stakeholder relations as positive relations have been understood to result in better biodiversity conservation and management strategies of the transboundary resources. This paper aims to share insights into the limits of inclusivity and sustainability of the GLTP focusing on the practical experiences of the local people in southeastern lowveld Zimbabwe. The study adopted a qualitative approach and leaned on the interpretivist research philosophy with major research participants drawn from the community members and key role players. A total of 180 community members drawn across the Sengwe community participated in the study. Research material was generated between October 2013 and April 2015. The results based on community interviews show that the stakeholder relations in the GLTFCA are currently strained and do not give the optimism and confidence to achieve meaningful inclusivity of the local communities and overall sustainability of the peacepark initiatives in southern lowveld Zimbabwe. The major challenges to inclusivity include poor governance, threats to livelihoods and negative stakeholder relations. Thus, there is a need to continuously review the governance processes, improve stakeholder relations and support community livelihood coping strategies in more tangible ways.
Labels and Explanations in Mother--Child Emotion Talk: Age and Gender Differentiation.

Mothers' and preschoolers' emotion talk was examined for age- (2, 3, and 4 years) and gender-related patterns in the use of labels and explanations. Although labels directly refer to emotions, explanations link emotion words to causal information. Children used emotion words mainly in labels. Boys' emotion talk showed an age increase; in contrast, the youngest group of girls talked about emotion much more frequently than did same-age boys, and this high frequency remained relatively stable across age. Mothers used more explanations than labels in emotion talk to boys but used similar amounts with girls. Further, their use of labels and explanations related to individual differences in the extent to which children talked about emotion. These findings are discussed in terms of language socialization--in particular, processes related to the socialization of emotion language and gender.
The effects of a nurse-led case management program on home exercise training for hemodialysis patients : a randomized controlled trial

Background: Patients on maintenance hemodialysis experience diminished physical health. Exercise has been shown to be effective in improving physical function and optimizing well-being in this patient group. Nephrology nurses should be encouraged to promote it in the routine care of hemodialysis patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 12-week nurse-led case management program on home exercise training among hemodialysis patients. Methods: The study constituted a randomized, two-parallel group trial. One hundred and thirteen adult patients on dialysis treatment for more than three months were recruited from the hemodialysis units of two tertiary hospitals in Nanjing, China. They were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 57) or control group (n = 56). Both groups underwent a brief weekly center-based exercise training session before their dialysis sessions for the first six weeks. The intervention group received additional nurse case management on home exercise weekly for the first six weeks and then biweekly for the following six weeks during their dialysis sessions. Outcome measures included gait speed, 10-repetition sit-to-stand performance,
Effect of preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy on survival of patients with resectable esophageal or esophagogastric junction cancer: Results from a multicenter randomized phase III study.

4004 Background: Based on encouraging results of a phase II study we initiated a phase III study comparing preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery versus surgery alone in patients (pts) with esophageal or esophagogastric junction cancer. Methods: Pts with resectable (T2-3N0-1M0) tumors received preoperative CRT consisting of weekly administrations of paclitaxel 50 mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC = 2 for 5 weeks and concurrent radiotherapy (41.4 Gy in 23 fractions, 5 days per week) followed by surgery versus surgery alone. Stratification parameters included performance status, histology, lymph node status. Results: Between end 2004 and 2008 363 pts were enrolled: male/female 284/79, median age 60 years (36-79), median WHO performance status 0 (0-1), adeno/squamous/other carcinoma 273/86/4. Major toxicities (grade ≥ 3) in the CRT arm: hematologic - leukopenia 7%, nonhematological toxicities were all below 5%. In 162 of the 188 pts (86%) randomized for surgery alone a resection could be performed .
Synch Before You Speak: Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia

Objective: Synchronization of neural activity preceding self-generated actions may reflect the operation of the forward model, which acts to dampen sensations resulting from those actions. If this is true, pre-action synchrony should be related to subsequent sensory suppression. Deficits in this mechanism may be characteristic of schizophrenia and related to positive symptoms, such as auditory hallucinations. If so, schizophrenia patients should have reduced neural synchrony preceding movements, especially patients with severe hallucinations. Method: In 24 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 25 healthy comparison subjects, the authors related prespeech neural synchrony to subsequent auditory cortical responsiveness to the spoken sound, compared prespeech neural synchrony in schizophrenia patients and healthy comparison subjects, and related prespeech neural synchrony to auditory hallucination severity in patients. To assess neural synchrony, phase coherence of single-trial EEG prec.
Rosuvastatin attenuates airway inflammation of chronic asthma in mice

Objective To investigate the treatment value of rosuvastatin(RUS)in airway inflammation in a murine model of chronic asthma.Methods Thirty male BALB/C mice were randomly divided into control group,OVA+RUS group and OVA group(n=10). IL-4,IL-5,IL-13and TNF-αin BALF were measured by ELISA.Total cells,lymphocytes,macrophages,neutrophils,and eosinophils were measured by Diff-Quik staining.HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes.PAS staining was used to detect and measure mucus secretion.Results After 81days of OVA sensitization and challenge,IL-4,IL-5,IL-13,TNF-α,total cells,lymphocytes,macrophages,neutrophils,and eosinophils in BALF were all significantly increased,and the obvious pathological changes were observed in mice with OVA stimulation.However,OVA group was more severe than OVA+RUS group.Mucus secretion was significantly increased after OVA stimulation as well.However,mucus secretion in OVA+RUS group was remarkably lower than OVA group.Conclusion Rosuvastatin could inhibit airway inflammation and mucus secretion in a murine model of chronic asthma.
Baroclinic Instability with a Simple Model for Vertical Mixing

Here, we examine baroclinic instability in the presence of vertical mixing in an idealized setting. Specifically, we use a simple model for vertical mixing of momentum and buoyancy and expand the buoyancy and vorticity in a series for small Rossby numbers. A flow in subinertial mixed layer (SML) balance (see the study by Young in 1994) exhibits a normal mode linear instability, which is studied here using linear stability analysis and numerical simulations. The most unstable modes grow by converting potential energy associated with the basic state into kinetic energy of the growing perturbations. However, unlike the inviscid Eady problem, the dominant energy balance is between the buoyancy flux and the energy dissipated by vertical mixing. Vertical mixing reduces the growth rate and changes the orientation of the most unstable modes with respect to the front. By comparing with numerical simulations, we find that the predicted scale of the most unstable mode matches the simulations for small Rossby numbers while the growth rate and orientation agree for a broader range of parameters. A stability analysis of a basic state in SML balance using the inviscid QG equations shows that the angle of the unstable modes is controlled by the orientation of the SML flow, while stratification associated with an advection/diffusion balance controls the size of growing perturbations for small Ekman numbers and/or large Rossby numbers. These results imply that baroclinic instability can be inhibited by small-scale turbulence when the Ekman number is sufficiently large and might explain the lack of submesoscale eddies in observations and numerical models of the ocean surface mixed layer during summer.
An Investigation of the Relationship between Iranian EFL Learners' Cultural Intelligence and Their Performance on the IELTS Listening Modules

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Iranian EFL Learners’ Cultural intelligence (CQ) and their performance on the IELTS Listening Module. Sixty advanced EFL students majoring in English translation at University of Zanjan were matched for the study through the Oxford Quick Placement Test. Cultural Intelligence Scale developed and validated by Ang et al. (2007) was used to assess the participants' cultural intelligence. The IELTS Listening Module and the Cultural Intelligence Scale were administered to the participants who were willing to take part in this study. The correlational analysis of the results revealed that there exists a statistically significant relationship between EFL learners’ CQ and their performance on IELTS Listening Module. Furthermore, running multiple regression analysis indicated that of the four components of CQ (i.e. metacognitive, cognitive, behavioral, and motivational CQs), motivational CQ is the best predictor forthe listening ability of EFL learners. The findings of the study highlight the importance of incorporating programs for teaching culture in the EFL classroom, as enhancing cultural intelligence related skills at schools and universities can promote better communicational skills. Keywords : Culture, cultural intelligence (CQ), teaching culture, listening comprehension, EFL learners
Detection of cardiac structure and function in rats by echocardiography

This study was to evaluate the cardiac structure and function by echocardiography in rats,and to assess its feasibility and accuracy by comparing the LV mass of normal rats detected by 2DE with postmortem. Fifteen normal rats weighting 200 g~300 g were anesthetized. all indices of LV contractile function and LV mass was studied by echocardiography and then, the heart was to dissected weigh the left ventricle in the scales. The results of heart structure,mitral valve,aortic and pulmonary artery flow could be revealed clearly by echocardiography. The LV mass of normal rats correlated well with postmortem (r=0.9314,SEE=0.0376, P 0.0001). It’s proved that the transthoracic echocardiography can be used to accurately and noninvasively assess cardiac structure and function of the rats.