Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Remote ischemic preconditioning as a means to protect the brain against hypothermic circulatory arrest : an experimental study on piglets

Open aortic arch surgery almost always requires a bloodless operating field which necessitates the use of hypothermic circulatory arrest. Hypothermic circulatory arrest is a technique where the core temperature of a patient is lowered so that the systemic blood circulation can be stopped momentarily. This can cause unwanted damage to the brain. The risk for neurological impairment is at its highest when corrective surgery has to be performed in emergency situations. This highlights the need for additional neuroprotective methods. Our research group has used a porcine model described in this thesis for about 12 years in various setups to study many neuroprotective hypotheses. We have tested and researched surgical and CPB strategies that could be useful in a HCA and aortic arch reconstruction setting. In this thesis we have combined both chronic surviving animal data with acute experiments and aim to shed light on the mechanisms and efficacy of RIPC as neuroprotective method. In our experimental model, RIPC provided a mitigation of inflammatory response and cerebral injury after prolonged HCA. In general, the collected data showed homogeneity as similar biochemical results were seen in study I and II. Also interestingly, study III and IV possibly shed some light as to the mechanisms of the neuroprotective effect seen in Study II. These results seem to corroborate each other in a logical way. In study I which was acute experiment we saw faster EEG recovery rates in the intervention group. Additionally we recorded beneficial biochemical changes from samples that were collected from the brain. In our chronic study, were the animals were followed for a 7 day period after hypothermic circulatory arrest, we saw a statistically significant neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic preconditioning. In studies III and IV we attempted to shed light on the mechanisms. Study III revealed that an altered oxygen usage profile during hypothermic circulatory arrest and recovery phase might have a role in the neuroprotection. In study IV we saw a reduced microcirculatory leukocyte accumulation in cerebrocortical vessels was noted using an intravital microscope. The intravital microscope also provided results that indicated a difference in the redox state of the mitochondria via NAD+/NADH autofluorescence measurements.
Does it Really Pay to Be Green? Determinants and Consequences of Proactive Environmental Strategies

This study examines what factors affect firms' decisions to adopt a proactive environmental strategy and whether pursuing proactive environmental strategies leads to improved financial performance. Using longitudinal data from 1990 to 2003 for the four most polluting industries in the US (Pulp & Paper, Chemical, Oil & Gas, and Metals & Mining), this research empirically models the causal relations between firms' environmental performance and their financial resources and management capability. Our results show that positive (negative) changes in firms' financial resources in the prior periods are followed by significant improvements (declines) in firm's relative environmental performance in the subsequent periods. In addition, we also find that significant improvements (declines) in environmental performance in the prior periods can lead to improvements (declines) in financial performance in the subsequent periods after controlling for the impact of Granger causality. Finally, 3SLS analysis suggests that the positive association between environmental performance and financial performance is robust. Overall, our results are consistent with predictions of the resource-based view of the firm and indicate that although becoming "green" is associated with improvement in firm performance, such a strategy cannot be easily mimicked by all firms.
A FRAMEWORK FOR ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE HBIM SEMANTIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT

Abstract. Despite the recognized advantages of the use of BIM in the field of architecture and engineering, the extension of this procedure to the architectural heritage is neither immediate nor critical. The uniqueness and irregularity of historical architecture, on the one hand, and the great quantity of information necessary for the knowledge of architectural heritage, on the other, require appropriate reflections. The aim of this paper is to define a general framework for the use of BIM procedures for architectural heritage. The proposed methodology consists of three different Level of Development (LoD), depending on the characteristics of the building and the objectives of the study: a simplified model with a low geometric accuracy and a minimum quantity of information (LoD 200); a model nearer to the reality but, however, with a high deviation between virtual and real model (LoD 300); a detailed BIM model that reproduce as much as possible the geometric irregularities of the building and is enriched by the maximum quantity of information available (LoD 400).
Combining Dynamic and Static Analysis for Malware Detection

Combining Dynamic and Static Analysis for Malware Detection by Anusha Damodaran Well-designed malware can evade static detection techniques, such as signature scanning. Dynamic analysis strips away one layer of obfuscation and hence such an approach can potentially provide more accurate detection results. However, dynamic analysis is generally more costly than static analysis. In this research, we analyze the effectiveness of using dynamic analysis to enhance the training phase, while using only static techniques in the detection phase. Relative to a fully static approach, the additional overhead is minimal, since training is essentially one-time work.
The Cultural Differences influences on Knowledge Sharing Activities in Construction Project Collaboration

In the last decades construction activity has been heavily criticized for its productivity and performance in relation to cultural differences. There have been several studies indicated that the cultural diversity influence the knowledge of the organization, and that result in barriers in knowledge sharing in the multicultural organization. The knowledge spreading manners affected by the cultural in organization due to ethnic, cities, sexual category, local culture, which that might lower level of the knowledge spreading in organization . Therefore, a research study is developed in order to assess the influences of cultural differences on the activity of knowledge distribution in organization project and to determine of extend of the cultural differences to obstacle the individual to share their knowledge within the organization or with other members of the organization and how is that leads to decrease the project’s performance. For seeking to achieve the aims of the study a survey questionnaire was used to gather data. System dynamic simulation is utilized to interpret the collected data in order to achieve meaningful information. The results proven that cultural difference is one of the major problems that impact the project performance negatively in the construction industry since it is verified that the cultural difference impacts the knowledge flow among the employees in the construction project which that strongly affects the outcome of the projects and that also leads to decrease the productivity of the project. In addition, the respondents also agree that cultural differences cause unsuccessful safety system in the construction projects. Therefore, the cultural differences should be given careful attention to ensure better project performance.
Sensitivity of summer ensembles of fledgling superparameterized U.S. mesoscale convective systems to cloud resolving model microphysics and grid configuration

The sensitivities of simulated mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the central U.S. to microphysics and grid configuration are evaluated here in a global climate model (GCM) that also permits global‐scale feedbacks and variability. Since conventional GCMs do not simulate MCSs, studying their sensitivities in a global framework useful for climate change simulations has not previously been possible. To date, MCS sensitivity experiments have relied on controlled cloud resolving model (CRM) studies with limited domains, which avoid internal variability and neglect feedbacks between local convection and larger‐scale dynamics. However, recent work with superparameterized (SP) GCMs has shown that eastward propagating MCS‐like events are captured when embedded CRMs replace convective parameterizations. This study uses a SP version of the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (SP‐CAM5) to evaluate MCS sensitivities, applying an objective empirical orthogonal function algorithm to identify MCS‐like events, and harmonizing composite storms to account for seasonal and spatial heterogeneity. A five‐summer control simulation is used to assess the magnitude of internal and interannual variability relative to 10 sensitivity experiments with varied CRM parameters, including ice fall speed, one‐moment and two‐moment microphysics, and grid spacing. MCS sensitivities were found to be subtle with respect to internal variability, and indicate that ensembles of over 100 storms may be necessary to detect robust differences in SP‐GCMs. These results emphasize that the properties of MCSs can vary widely across individual events, and improving their representation in global simulations with significant internal variability may require comparison to long (multidecadal) time series of observed events rather than single season field campaigns.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A 60 GHZ MILLIMETER WAVE ANTENNA

In this paper an inset feed 60 GHz millimeter wave microstrip patch antenna is proposed for future high speed wireless communication systems. The performance of a conventional 60 GHz patch antenna compared with metamaterial-based 60 GHz antennas. The later employs three types (mushroom, cross and hexagonal) of Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) surfaces as a ground planes. The millimeter wave antenna employing the cross-shaped EBG give improved gain as compared to the rest of the antenna models. The 60 GHz antenna based on the mushroom type EBG present better efficiency due to the surface suppression by the ground plane. The proposed antennas can be used in future high speed wireless applications. Due to the very small size these antennas are suitable for medical implants operating in the unlicensed millimeter wave band .
NURSERY PRACTICES AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT CONTAINERS ON ROOT DEVELOPMENT

Trees can be very long-lived and the successful establishment of all trees in any given landscape requires a knowledge of their biology and also depends on a combination of important factors which include site assessment and analysis, plant selection, site preparation, planting techniques and post-planting management input. This is as true for trees being planted for amenity purposes as it is for trees in commercial plantations. Yet time put into appropriate cultivar selection, site analysis, site preparation and ongoing management can all be wasted if the quality of the container grown plant material is poor.
Interfaces with Other Disciplines Robust risk management

Estimating the probabilities by which different events might occur is usually a delicate task, subject to many sources of inaccuracies. Moreover, these probabilities can change over time, leading to a very difficult evaluation of the risk induced by any particular decision. Given a set of probability measures and a set of nominal risk measures, we define in this paper the concept of robust risk measure as the worst possible of our risks when each of our probability measures is likely to occur. We study how some properties of this new object can be related with those of our nominal risk measures, such as convexity or coherence. We introduce a robust version of the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) and of entropy-based risk measures. We show how to compute and optimize the Robust CVaR using convex duality methods and illustrate its behavior using data from the New York Stock Exchange and from the NASDAQ between 2005 and 2010. 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of κ-casein (Κ-cn) gene of indigenous cattle of Assam

The study was conducted to investigate the polymorphism in κ-Casein (κ-Cn) gene in indigenous cattle of Assam. Genomic DNA from 53 indigenous cattle was extracted and used to study the polymorphism in κ-Cn gene using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCRRFLP) technique. A PCR product of 351 bp obtained upon amplification was subsequently digested with restriction endonuclease HinfI and yieldedtwo types of restriction pattern; three fragments of 131, 131 and 89 bp representing AA genotype and, four fragments of 262, 131, 131 and 89 bp representing AB genotype. The frequencies of alleles A and B were found to be 0.6510 and 0.3491 and those of AA and AB genotypes 0.4237 and 0.4545 respectively. The population under study did not show the presence of genotype BB for κ-Cn locus. From the present study it could be concluded that the frequency of allele A was higher than that of allele B in the indigenous cattle with a higher frequency of AB genotype (AB>AA) and Chi-square (χ) test revealed that the population under study was not in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.
Variable Structure Disturbance Rejection Control for Nonlinear Uncertain Systems with State and Control Delays via Optimal Sliding Mode Surface Approach

The paper considers the problem of variable structure control for nonlinear systems with uncertainty and time delays under persistent disturbance by using the optimal sliding mode surface approach. Through functional transformation, the original time-delay system is transformed into a delay-free one. The approximating sequence method is applied to solve the nonlinear optimal sliding mode surface problem which is reduced to a linear two-point boundary value problem of approximating sequences. The optimal sliding mode surface is obtained from the convergent solutions by solving a Riccati equation, a Sylvester equation, and the state and adjoint vector differential equations of approximating sequences. Then, the variable structure disturbance rejection control is presented by adopting an exponential trending law, where the state and control memory terms are designed to compensate the state and control delays, a feedforward control term is designed to reject the disturbance, and an adjoint compensator is designed to compensate the effects generated by the nonlinearity and the uncertainty. Furthermore, an observer is constructed to make the feedforward term physically realizable, and thus the dynamical observer-based dynamical variable structure disturbance rejection control law is produced. Finally, simulations are demonstrated to verify the effectiveness of the presented controller and the simplicity of the proposed approach.
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type-1 Channel in Cardiometabolic Protection

❙ABSTRACT❙ Transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 channel (TRPV1) is a non-selective cation channel with a preference for calcium ions that is able to sense a vast range of endogenous physical and chemical stimuli and plays an important role in transducing the sensations of noxious heat and pain signaling. Recent studies showed that TRPV1 is widely expressed in different tissues and organs beyond the sensory nerves and has multiple biological effects that are involved in functional regulation in the pancreas, blood vessel, adipose tissue and liver. To further understand the link between TRPV1 and cardiometabolic diseases, we reviewed the role of TRPV1 in hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia. This review provides new insights into the involvement of TRPV1 channels in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disorders and implicates this channel as a potential therapeutic target for the management of cardiometabolic diseases. (J Korean Soc Hypertens 2011;17(2):37-47)
Fixed Exchange-Rate Policy and Real Wage Growth: Quasi-Experimental Evidence

Using Difference-in-Differences estimation and data from the European Community Household Panel, this paper suggests that the fixed exchange-rate policy adopted by Italy in the 1997-2000 period has reduced the real hourly wage growth of Italian full-time workers with permanent contracts, on average, by 3%. Yet, the cost of the policy has been ultimately paid by the private sector where real wage growth has decreased by 5.4%.
Space Debris Optical Observation System in JAXA/IAT

For the development of the optical observation technologies for space debris, Institute of Aerospace Technology(IAT) of JAXA has prepared two small optical observation facilities of LEO and GEO debris detections. LEO debris tracking facility is located at HQ of JAXA, Tokyo, with a 35cm telescope onboard the 3-axis tracking mount system, GEO debris observation facility is located at Nyukasa-yama mountain in Nagano Prefecture. A 35cm Newtonian optical telescope with 2K2K CCD camera and a 25cm BRC optical telescope with 4K4K CCD camera are supported on each equatorial mount system. The latter facility is under construction and will be operated within this autumn. The altitude of this site is 1,870m and the optical environment will be adequate for detecting faint objects. One of the most important study item in our R&D is to develop an automatic small size GEO debris detection software. In usual case, a long exposure time is necessary to detect a faint object by accumulating weak light energy during the time. On the contrary, short exposure observation is necessary for GEO debris detection to avoid the influence of the fixed star streaks image. We have proposed a stacking method for detecting a noise-level faint GEO debris by accumulating the signals of a number of images, for example, a hundred frames. By applying the stacking method for asteroid survey observation, 21 magnitude asteroid can be detected by using this small telescope. This paper introduces the JAXA’s facilities for LEO and GEO space debris observation and describes some developing technologies and evaluated results.
Response of Eleusine indica to herbicides and N fertilizer in dry seeded rice

Weed has become one of the most serious problems in dry seeded rice (DSR). To increase the competitiveness with weeds and achieve the optimum growth of rice, weed management in DSR needs an integration of herbicides and optimum nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates. In this study, the bioassay species were treated with a series of pre-emergence (pretilachlor and pendimethalin) and early post-emergence (propanil+thiobencarb) herbicide concentrations and N fertilizer. It was found that pretilachlor at an application rate of 0.25 and 0.50 kg ai ha-1 almost completely inhibit the emergence and shoot growth of E. indica by 100% inhibition, at 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 N, respectively, but it showed severe injury symptom to the root of rice seedlings. Meanwhile, pendimethalin and N fertilizer at moderate application rate gave a strong reduction of weed emergence (>50% inhibition) and shoot fresh weight (>85% inhibition), with negligible effect on the rice seedlings growth. Significant inhibitory effects on weed emergence (60% inhibition) and shoot growth (90% inhibition) also were noticed at the highest application rate of propanil + thiobencarb (3.6 kg ai ha-1) and N fertilizer (150 kg ha-1 N), with stimulation effects on the growth of rice seedlings. This promising effect showed combination of propanil + thiobencarb and N fertilizer (3.60 kg ai ha-1 propanil + thiobencarb + 150 kg ha-1 N) was the most efficient treatment for E. indica control in dry seeded rice. Key words: Eleusine indica, herbicides, N fertilizer, dry seeded rice.
36. OXYGEN AND CARBON ISOTOPE RECORD THROUGH THE OLIGOCENE, DSDP SITE 366, EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC

Detailed O and C records were constructed through the Oligocene section at Site 366 (DSDP Leg 41) in the eastern equatorial Atlantic. Samples were analyzed at intervals of more than one per million years using both benthic and planktonic foraminifera, and no significant hiatuses were encountered. A survey of the depth habitats of planktonic' foraminifera has shown that the chiloguembelinids, pseudohastigerinids, cassigerinellids, and in the latest Oligocene, Globigerinoides lived in the warmest waters. Below these surface forms the unkeeled globorotaliids, large globigerinids, small globigerinids occurred; Catapsydrax lived at the coolest temperatures. The surface temperature at Site 366 ranges from 15° to 16° in the early Oligocene to 12°C in the late Oligocene. A significant temperature increase characterizes the termination of the Oligocene. Intermediate depth temperatures are taken from the planktonic genus Catapsydrax whose temperature record closely parallels that of the benthonic foraminifera, suggesting that the deep water masses are controlled by high latitude processes independent of tropical surface conditions. The C variations demonstrate that the deep waters in the equatorial Atlantic were depleted in oxygen by about 2 ml/1 compared with the South Atlantic Site 357.
CHAPTER-I INTRODUCTION ANDREVIEW OF LITERATURE

Indian society is characterised by high in-group collectivism, high patriarchy and hierarchical relations in society and high gender inequality. India represents a complex reality of competing images of modernity and tradition. With the liberalization and reforms of the Indian policies that resulted in Indian economy becoming connected to the global economy; there was an economic boom in the country. With increased employment opportunities, more and more women are entering the work-force in large numbers. This increased labour force participation. Women started working outside the home which led to dual earner/ career families trying to balance their work and family responsibilities. It also presents a diversity of work and family issues across caste, class and socio-economic status. With the advent of women into the paid work-force, families have to adjust to the fact that they no longer have a female caregiver at home to take care of the household and care giving responsibilities. When women are not able to manage the demands of their work and family life then they experience work-family conflict. In the Indian context, there is low institutional support for balancing work and family. Institutional support has taken the form of governmental policies that are progressive on paper but poorly implemented.
Wholesale And Retail E-Commerce In Mauritius: Views Of Customers And Employees

Abstract The internet triggered a significant rise in e-commerce as many businesses found that the advent of online business provides unparalleled opportunities for organisations to extend their operations overseas. In Mauritius, many retail and wholesale shops have decided to embark in the online experience and are contemplating to launch e-commerce websites, more specifically electronic ordering (e-ordering), where customers can then order for their products without having to move to the outlets. The aim of this study was to provide a thorough understanding of the several benefits and problems associated with the adoption of an e-commerce website by wholesale and retail shops. The following were done: an assessment of the readiness of customers to go online and an evaluation of employees’ motivation and opinion towards the implementation of e-commerce. The study mainly revealed that majority of the respondents had never purchased online and a significant number of customers were reluctant to order online despite the various guarantees provided. Moreover, 56% of the employees were against the implementation of an e-commerce website as they related it to an increased workload or a waste of resources. Consequently, relevant recommendations catering for all stakeholders were formulated for successful implementation of an e-commerce website.