Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A solid-state Marx-type trigger generator

An all-solid-state Marx-type trigger generator has been designed and constructed. A configuration of transistors is used in a Mark bank circuit to generate a fast-rising, low-jitter, high-voltage pulse. The transistor switch in each stage is a pnp-npn pair connected together so as to emulate a four-layer diode or thyristor. This configuration eliminates stage-to-stage triggering difficulties since successive stages are triggered by a traveling overvoltage wave. The output pulse parameters of a prototype circuit (six stages charged to 350 V) are 2000 V/sub peak/ (into 100 Omega ), 50 ns risetime (10%-90%), 200 ns duration (FWHM), and a pulse-to-pulse jitter of less than 2 ns. The circuit, which is being used as a grid driver for a hydrogen thyratron, is very simple and inexpensive to construct. <<ETX>>
Synthesis and design of dual-wideband bandpass filters with internally-coupled microstrip lines

A class of dual-wideband bandpass filters (BPFs) with internally-coupled microstrip lines has been proposed and exactly synthesised. The generic structure of the proposed filters is formed by folding a multi-mode resonator (MMR) along its symmetrical plane and coupling a pair of short-circuited stubs at the two ends of the MMR. Thus, two coupling paths, one from the folded MMR and another from the coupled stubs, are used to generate additional transmission zeros (TZs) between the two passbands. A general synthesis procedure is developed for the synthesis of these BPFs by matching the transfer function of the circuit to the prescribed filtering function. As a design example, a first-order BPF is first formed by using the coupled short-circuited stubs to illustrate the tunable distribution of the two reflection zeros. Secondly, a second-order dual-band BPF is designed with fully internally-coupled microstrip lines to provide an extra degree of freedom in the determination of the design parameters. Next, a third-order BPF is partially coupled to have an explicit expression of the generated TZs. Finally, a second-order, third-order and a cascaded case are synthesised and designed. The experimental results agree closely with the synthesised and designed ones.
Value exchange in university–industry collaborations

Through a longitudinal research project of university-industry collaborations comprising 38 semi-structured interviews, this article studies the creation and exchanging of value in 25 university-industry collaborations. Initially, a distinction is made between philanthropic, transactional, and integrative collaboration archetypes and the application of a project stage model comprising contact, initialisation, process, and termination phases. The study distinguishes between collaborations involving companies and researchers, companies and students, or all three stakeholder types. The framework of the business model canvas is applied to analyse the value proposition from each of the three agent types. This provides understanding of the transfer of knowledge and points toward barriers to existing collaboration that negate the value flow during the process. This is especially the case with student-company collaborations, but it is also evident in researcher-company collaborations. Both value creation and value exchange appear strongest in the initialisation and process stages but are often perceived to occur in the termination phase.
Engineering calculation of dynamic impedances and starting characteristics for high-voltage induction motors

Summary Starting characteristics and dynamic impedances are the key parameters for the research of high-voltage induction motor. The measurement of starting characteristics and dynamic impedances for high-voltage induction motors can present problems for both manufacturers and users, so a practical and feasible calculation method is necessary. In order to facilitate the engineering application, this paper presents a set of useful calculation method for motor transient torque, current, and impedances. In the calculation, the influence of dynamic characteristics and impedances on each other, which are often neglected in previous calculation, is considered. So the influence of impedances on the characteristic curves can be analyzed more accurately using this method. Based on the earlier analyses, this paper further studies the influence of different start-up voltages on the stator leakage reactance. Finally, through the analysis and calculation results of many motors, it can be verified that only when the relation between starting characteristics and dynamic impedances is considered in calculation process will the results be better in line with the actual value. The algorithm is suitable for engineering use. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technical and Economic Aspects of Using Heat Pump Systems for Heating and Cooling of the Moscow Subway's Facilities

This paper contains the results of research, carried out with financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and dedicated to improving the energy efficiency of Moscow subway facilities and creation of stations with "zero" external sources heat consumption. This paper vindicates the possibility and economic feasibility of creating subway facilities with "zero" external sources heat consumption, equipped with heat pump systems for heating and cooling, which improve indoor climate comfort of subway's stations and halls. The research carried out by the authors proves the efficiency of using heat pump systems for heating and cooling in the Moscow subway. The proposed technology requires lower nonrecurrent capital investments than traditional technology, as well as enables to save up to 80 % of energy. Considering the current prices for connecting to the centralized heating systems, the technology in question pays back at the stage of construction. The possibility of stabilizing thermal conditions at stations and in halls of the subway is an important advantage of this technology. Tis paper proposes schemes of heat pump equipment usage that allows reversing it for operation in cooling mode, which provide sufficient air conditioning and humidity control at stations, halls and service rooms. The authors evaluate the heat emission of passengers, that is removed with the exhaust air, to be about 0.15-0.17 billion kW*h annually. Thus the Moscow subway just dumps outside about 2.4 billion kW*h of thermal energy, including heat emitted by passengers, annually. If recycled this amount of energy is sufficient to cover all subway's requirements for thermal energy.
Unconditional Reliability-Based Design of Tuned Liquid Column Dampers Under Stochastic Earthquake Load Considering System Parameters Uncertainties

The reliability-based design of tuned mass damper considering system parameters uncertainties is noteworthy. However, the same is not the case for liquid dampers. The present study deals with the reliability-based design of tuned liquid column dampers under random earthquake considering system parameters uncertainties. Using the conditional second-order information of response quantities, the total probability concept is applied to evaluate the unconditional failure probability which is subsequently used as the objective function to obtain the damping parameters. A numerical study elucidates the effect of system parameters uncertainties on the damper parameters optimization and safety of the structure.
Evolutionary Optimization of a Fractional Slot Interior Permanent Magnet Motor for a Small Electric Bus

Fractional Slot Concentrated Winding (FSCW) Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) motors constitute a favorable choice for electric vehicle applications due to their inherent advantages of high efficiency and performance, field weakening capability and permanent magnet effective shielding from eddy currents. In this paper, an IPM motor with buried sinusoidal magnets for a small electric bus is optimized in terms of both efficiency and performance. The overall magnet volume and the corresponding iron bridge width are maintained within specified borders, thus enabling adequate field weakening and permanent magnet shielding margins. In the optimization process a single-objective Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm is utilized, showing great convergence characteristics.
The Effects of Integrated Manufacturing on Job Characteristics

From a sample of 203 Spanish plants in all manufacturing sectors empirical results show that integrated manufacturing (IM) has a positive effect on job variety, job autonomy and job interdependence for production workers. It is also found that IM is associated with greater job complexity, this effect being mainly mediated by the three abovementioned job characteristics.
Mistuning and Structural Coupling Effects on Flutter of Turbomachinery Blades

A fast numerical method based on aeroelastic eigenvalue analysis is applied to study the effects of mistuning on the aeroelastic stability of turbomachinery blades in which the structural coupling is included by a simplified method and an influence coefficient method is employed to deal with the unsteady aerodynamic effects. Results show that there exists an optimal mistuning amount at which the system has the best aeroelastic stability. Structural coupling almost has no effects on aeroelastic stability of a tuned system. But the benefit of alternate frequency mistuning to aeroelastic stability is inhibited drastically when structural coupling is introduced into the bladed disk system.
Reducing Symptoms of Visually Induced Motion Sickness Through Perceptual Training

This study examined the effect of adaptation training on simulation sickness. Ten control group participants completed a single self-propelled rotation simulation (SRS) trial and then were exposed to a virtual reality (VR) device and an optokinetic rotating drum (OKN). Ten experimental group participants were exposed to 5 trials over 5 days of the SRS and then to the VR and OKN devices. All 3 of these types of exposures (SRS, VR, and OKN) are known to produce conditions of simulation sickness. The results showed a significant main effect of adaptation training as a function of prior SRS exposure. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of developing a transfer of training paradigm for the acquisition of adaptation from one motion sickness producing condition to another.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT

Business process management to date has not explicitly focused on sustainability as a change objective or driver. Although, approaches relating BPM and Sustainability already exist, e.g. Green BPM is the sum of all management activities that help to monitor and reduce the environmental impact of business processes in their design, improvement, implementation, or operation stages, as well as lead to cultural change within the process lifecycle. The intention behind Green BPM is the incorporation of environmental objectives into the management of business processes. To achieve this objective, BPM has to be extended by ecologically oriented complements, as are the consideration of environmental strategy as a part of the process strategy, or the awareness for energy consumption and pollution. Together with an earlier article consolidates several contributions of the BPM foundations in three underlying process change traditions: (1) the Quality Control tradition, (2) the Business Management tradition, and (3) the Information Systems (IS) tradition. These three traditions propose different approaches to business process change and each emphasizes some practices over others. Currently, there is a tendency of combining the various traditions in a comprehensive BPM approach.
A 12.1 mW 50–67‐GHz CMOS up‐conversion mixer with 6‐dB conversion gain and 30.7‐dB LO‐RF isolation

A 50–67‐GHz double‐balanced mixer for direct up‐conversion using standard 90‐nm CMOS technology is reported. The up‐conversion mixer comprises an enhanced double‐balanced Gilbert cell with current injection for power consumption reduction, and negative resistance compensation for conversion gain (CG) enhancement, a parallel and differential intermediate frequency (IF) transconductance stage for bandwidth and linearity enhancement, a Marchand balun for converting the single local oscillator (LO) input signal to differential signal, and another Marchand balun for converting the differential radio‐frequency (RF) output signal to single signal. The mixer consumes 12.1 mW and achieves IF‐port input return loss of −12.8 dB at 0.1 GHz, LO‐port input return loss of −9.5 to −11.4 dB and RF‐port input return loss of −10.7 to −12.5 dB for frequencies 57–64 GHz. At IF of 0.1 GHz, the mixer achieves CG of 3.1–6 dB and LO‐RF isolation of 26.4–30.7 dB for RF of 50–67 GHz. The corresponding 3‐dB bandwidth of RF is larger than 17 GHz (the measurement range of 50–67 GHz). To the authors' knowledge, the CG and power consumption are the best results ever reported for a 60‐GHz CMOS/BiCMOS up‐conversion mixer. In addition, the measured IIP3 is −6.4 dBm at RF of 60 GHz. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:475–483, 2014
Considerations for mixed analog/digital PCB design

Mainstream Electrical Design Automation (EDA) printed circuit board (PCB) tools primarily have focused on automating digital design. Whereas a high level of automation is available today for digital design, analog-specific tools and features have been slower in coming. The now common practice of mixing analog and digital signals on a single PCB has changed the rules for mainstream digital designers. They have turned toward software vendors for help, with increasing success. We'll look at the special needs of analog design and discuss EDA capabilities for addressing some of them. This paper was motivated by ACCEL's interest in adding functionality to the ACCEL EDA product line for supporting the design of mixed analog and digital signal PCBs. Understanding the requirements and subsequently specifying productive software solutions are necessary steps in our ability to offer productive tools for this market. Today, ACCEL EDA includes many of these capabilities, and is used here to illustrate how tools can be used effectively for designing mixed signal PCBs.
CONSTRAINED FUZZY C-MEAN CLUSTERING ALGORITHM FOR DETERMINING BRIDGE LET PROJECTS

Bridge engineers need to group bridges to determine adequate let projects based on their proximities, types of work, costs, and cost constraints for each clustered let project after bridges to be treated yearly are identified. This process is time-consuming and typically performed manually. First, this paper presents the formulation of a bridge clustering problem for determining let projects by considering the bridge proximity and type of work with preference membership functions to simulate the actual decision-making process. Second, a constrained fuzzy c-mean (FCM) clustering algorithm is presented to resolves this problem. A case study using the subset of bridges in the state of Georgia with the hypothetical treatments and costs was used to test the developed algorithm and to demonstrate its capability. The results show that the developed constrained FCM clustering algorithm can, in seconds, effectively determine adequate let projects by clustering bridges while meeting cost constraints. The presented formulation also allows incorporation of additional factors such as preference of clustering bridges with the same route number or same route type that are important to other state Departments of Transportation. Finally, conclusions about the benefits and characteristics of the developed algorithm are summarized, and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Development of Air Hammer with Self-Propelled Round Bit and the Contact Analysis of the Key Components

Within the vertical section, ROP of the conventional air hammer in gas drilling is several times or even several dozen times than that of underbalanced drilling. Gas screw with conventional air hammer has not been successful in direction gas well, which greatly limits field of application of air hammer, so this paper carries out development of the air hammer with self-propelled round and analyzes the principle of work of air hammer with self-propelled round bit, the contact analysis and design of spiral rod, and spiral nut which are the key components.
System Identification for Retrofit Reconfigurable Control of an F/A-18 Aircraft

We summarize a retrofit reconfiguration methodology that augments the production flight control system of an F/A-18 to compensate for changes in aircraft stability and control derivatives caused by aerodynamic control surface failures. The retrofit architecture relies on an indirect-adaptive model-following control approach that exploits onboard models of the closed-loop aircraft dynamics in the control computations. An output-error parameter identification process is used off-line to model the nominal behavior of the F/A-18 inner closedloop (airframe and baseline controller). The identified models are employed to describe the desired behavior for the controller and to provide regularization for an online parameter identification process. The online system identification algorithm updates the parameters of the models used for control decision, and a regularized recursive least-squares method is chosen to enable rapid adaptation to unforeseen failures and unmodeled dynamics while being robust to periods of low excitation. The retrofit reconfigurable controller was evaluated in high-fidelity F/A-18 simulations across a wide envelope of flight conditions with single and multiple control surface failures
Lessons Learned from the 787 Dreamliner Issue on Lithium-Ion Battery Reliability

On 16 January 2013, all Boeing 787 Dreamliners were indefinitely grounded due to lithium-ion battery failures that had occurred in two planes. Subsequent investigations into the battery failures released through the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) factual report, the March 15th Boeing press conference in Japan, and the NTSB hearings in Washington D.C., never identified the root causes of the failures—a major concern for ensuring safety and meeting reliability expectations. This paper discusses the challenges to lithium-ion battery qualification, reliability assessment, and safety in light of the Boeing 787 battery failures. New assessment methods and control techniques that can improve battery reliability and safety in avionic systems are then presented.
Second generation impact force response fruit firmness sorter

A probe-type sensor was developed to measure the impact response of fruit conveyed on a packing line and predict firmness. The impact probe consisted of a machined aluminum mass connected to an air cylinder, with the fruit struck on the side from a fixed distance. Peak acceleration of the mass during impact was used to predict flesh firmness measured by penetrometer. Static tests on commercially grown ‘Bartlett’ pears gave a correlation between peak acceleration and penetrometer firmness of 0.83. The prototype handling system consisted of a feed belt for singulation, an inclined chute for alignment, a sensor belt for spacing and lateral stabilization prior to impact, and a pneumatically activated gate to separate the fruit into two firmness classes. Dynamic tests on pears loaded singly onto the feed belt showed a correlation of 0.84 between peak acceleration and penetrometer firmness. Handling performance with pears continuously loaded onto the feed belt showed that 97% of the fruit were properly aligned at the time of sensing, 86% of the fruit were singly spaced, and 98% were properly handled by the segregation system after sensing. Firmness classification errors for removing soft fruit were 14% on soft fruit and 37% on firm and hard fruit. Similar tests for removing hard fruit gave errors of 13% on soft and firm fruit and 51% on hard fruit.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY HEADSPACE METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS QUANTIFICATION OF SIX ORGANIC VOLATILE IMPURITIES IN SUMATRIPTAN SUCCINATEAPI AND ITS PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS

Objective: The main aim of this study, to develop a validated analytical method for simultaneous quantification of six organic volatile impurities (OVI) in sumatriptan succinate active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and its pharmaceutical dosage forms by headspace (HS)-gas chromatography (GC). Methods: The method development and its validation were performed on a Shimadzu GC-2010 GC system equipped with a flame ionization detector and Teledynetekmar HT3TM HS analyzer. The method involved a thermal gradient elution of six OVI present in sumatriptan succinate API. DB-624, 30 m×0.53 mm, 3.0 μ column is used as a stationary phase and nitrogen gas is used as a carrier gas. The flow rate was 2.8 mL/min and the flame ionization detector temperature is 260°C. Results: The correlation coefficient (r2) was not <0.99 at the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 150%. The limit of detection obtained for methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, dichloromethane, benzene, and toluene was found 18.4, 8.8, 5.5, 4.3, 0.04, and 4.2 ppm. The LOQ obtained was 55.8, 26.8, 16.6, 13.0, 0.1, and 12.6 ppm. Accuracy results were obtained from 85 to 115% for six OVI’s. Furthermore, verified precision, ruggedness, robustness, solution stability, and pharmaceutical analysis. All the results are found within the acceptable limits. Conclusion: The method presents a simple and reliable solution for the routine quantitative analysis of organic volatile impurities present in sumatriptan succinate API.
Conversion of AIS 85 to AIS 90 and the application of the Injury Impairment Scale to real-world crash data

The long awaited AAAM Injury Impairment Scale (IIS) has been applied to the UK Co- operative Crash Injury Study field data. A total of 29,946 injuries, collected over a ten year period (1983-1992) were re-coded from the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 85 version to AIS 90 to allow easy allocation of the IIS. The difficulties associated with re-coding and the compatibility between scales are described. Priorities of injury mitigation based on IIS are compared with those from AIS. The data concerning injured restrained front seat occupants is examined to establish the most frequent cause of both impairing the life-threatening injuries to each body region in different impact configurations. Language: en
REDI for Binned Data: A Random Empirical Distribution Imputation Method for Estimating Continuous Incomes

Researchers often need to work with categorical income data. The typical nonparametric (including midpoint) and parametric estimation methods used to estimate summary statistics both have advantages, but they carry assumptions that cause them to deviate in important ways from real-world income distributions. The method introduced here, random empirical distribution imputation (REDI), imputes discrete observations using binned income data, while also calculating summary statistics. REDI achieves this through random cold-deck imputation from a real-world reference data set (demonstrated here using the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement). This method can be used to reconcile bins between data sets or across years and handle top incomes. REDI has other advantages for computing values of an income distribution that is nonparametric, bin consistent, area and variance preserving, continuous, and computationally fast. The author provides proof of concept using two years of the American Community Survey. The method is available as the redi command for Stata.