Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Average Value of the Euler Function on Binary Palindromes

In this paper, we study values of the Euler function φ(n) taken on binary palindromes of even length. In particular, if B2l denotes the set of binary palindromes with precisely 2l binary digits, we derive an asymptotic formula for the average value of the Euler function on B2l.
Automatic isolation of blurred images from UAV image sequences

Abstract. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have become an interesting and active research topic for photogrammetry. Current research is based on images acquired by an UAV, which have a high ground resolution and good spectral and radiometrical resolution, due to the low flight altitudes combined with a high resolution camera. UAV image flights are also cost effective and have become attractive for many applications including change detection in small scale areas. One of the main problems preventing full automation of data processing of UAV imagery is the degradation effect of blur caused by camera movement during image acquisition. This can be caused by the normal flight movement of the UAV as well as strong winds, turbulence or sudden operator inputs. This blur disturbs the visual analysis and interpretation of the data, causes errors and can degrade the accuracy in automatic photogrammetric processing algorithms. The detection and removal of these images is currently achieved manually, which is both time consuming and prone to error, particularly for large image-sets. To increase the quality of data processing an automated filtering process is necessary, which must be both reliable and quick. This paper describes the development of an automatic filtering process, which is based upon the quantification of blur in an image. A “shaking table” was used to create images with known blur during a series of laboratory tests. This platform can be moved in one direction by a mathematical function controlled by a defined frequency and amplitude. The shaking table was used to displace a Nikon D80 digital SLR camera with a user defined frequency and amplitude. The actual camera displacement was measured accurately and exposures were synchronized, which provided the opportunity to acquire images with a known blur effect. Acquired images were processed digitally to determine a quantifiable measure of image blur, which has been created by the actual shaking table function. Once determined for a sequence of images, a user defined threshold can be used to differentiate between “blurred” and "acceptable" images. A subsequent step is to establish the effect that blurred images have upon the accuracy of subsequent measurements. Both of these aspects will be discussed in this paper and future work identified.
Comparative analysis of trypsin inhibitor levels in sweet potato cultivars in Sri Lanka

Sweet potato [ Ipomea batatas (L) Lam . ] is a commonly consumed root crop in Sri Lanka. A study was undertaken to estimate the nutritional aspects in terms of trypsin inhibitory activity (TIA) of five different cultivars of sweet potato (SWP1 - Wariyapola red, SWP3 - Wariyapola white, SWP4 - Pallepola, SWP5 - Malaysian variety and SWP7 - CARI 273) commonly consumed in Sri Lanka. The moisture level ranged between 65.0 ± 3.4 and 74.6 % ± 1.9 and the crude protein content varied between 1.2 ± 0.1 and 3.3 % ± 0.1. The TIA in unheated and heated sweet potato root samples varied between 1.9 ± 0.01 to 15.4 ± 0.4 and 0.156 ± 0.01 to 13.0 ± 0.01, respectively. In all the cultivars studied the TIA was significantly different at p DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v42i1. 6681 J.Natn. Sci.Foundation Sri Lanka 2014 42 (1): 63-69
USING PATTERNS OF NARRATIVE RECALL FOR IMPROVED DETECTION OF MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

The ability to identify dementia in its earliest stages is important not only for developing a treatment plan for patients but also for establishing support resources for families and caregivers. Unfortunately, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), a frequent precursor to dementia, often goes undetected [1] in part because of an insufficient sensitivity of many common screening tests, such as the Mini Mental State Exam [2], to subtle cognitive impairments [3]. As a result, a definitive diagnosis of MCI requires extensive examinations and interviews with the patient and caregiver.
Regional forcing explains local species diversity and turnover on tropical islands

Aim: To determine the role of regional forcing on plot-level species diversity and composition, and to quantify the relative importance of biogeographical and climatic factors in explaining woody plant diversity and composition at the local-, island- and archipelago-scale. Location: Forty-one tropical islands of the Indo-Pacific region from Madagascar to Hawai‘i Island. Methods: We analysed the diversity and composition of tropical woody plant communities located across 113 plots, 41 islands and 19 archipelagos. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models and generalized dissimilarity models to determine the role of regional forcing at the island and archipelago scale and to assess the relative importance of biogeographical (area and isolation of islands or archipelagos, geographical distance between plots) and climatic factors in explaining differences in local diversity and composition (species turnover). Analyses were conducted at different geographical scales (local, island and archipelago) and taxonomic levels (species, genus and family). Results: Variation in local (plot-level) diversity (as species density, the number of species per 100 woody plants) was primarily explained by island and archipelago identity. Maximum species density was positively correlated with the area of an island (or archipelago) and negatively correlated with the isolation of an archipelago. Local climatic variability was also a significant predictor of species density, but less important than regional forcing. Climate variables explained < 20% of the variation in species turnover across all plots. The importance of geographical distance between plots relative to climate in driving species turnover decreased from the species to family level, and from the regional to island level. Main conclusions: Regional forcing was the key driver of local diversity and composition on islands. Island area and archipelago isolation are likely driving local diversity through their effects on the pool of island species. Geographical distance between plots is the main factor explaining species turnover, while at higher taxonomic levels, climatic factors and niche conservatism are the main drivers.
The seasonality of Antarctic sea ice trends

Antarctic sea ice is experiencing a weak overall increase in area that is the residual of opposing regional trends. This study considers their seasonal pattern. In addition to traditional ice concentration and total ice area, temporal derivatives of these quantities are investigated (“intensification” and “expansion,” respectively). This is crucial to the attribution of trends, since changes in forcing directly affect ice areal change (rather than ice area). Diverse regional trends all contribute significantly to the overall increase. Trends in the Weddell and Amundsen‐Bellingshausen regions compensate in magnitude and seasonality. The largest concentration trends, in autumn, are actually caused by intensification trends during spring. Autumn intensification trends directly oppose autumn concentration trends in most places, seemingly as a result of ice and ocean feedbacks. Springtime trends are reconcilable with wind trends, but further study of changes during the spring melting season is required to unravel the Antarctic sea ice increase.
Benchmarking geant4 nuclear models for hadron therapy with 95 MeV/nucleon carbon ions

In carbon therapy, the interaction of the incoming beam with human tissue may lead to the production of a large amount of nuclear fragments and secondary light particles. An accurate estimation of the biological dose on the tumor and the surrounding healthy tissue thus requires sophisticated simulation tools based on nuclear reaction models. The validity of such models requires intensive comparisons with as many sets of experimental data as possible. Up to now, a rather limited set of double differential carbon fragmentation cross sections has been measured in the energy range used in hadron therapy (up to 400 MeV/nucleon). However, new data have been recently obtained at intermediate energy (95 MeV/nucleon). The aim of this work is to compare the reaction models embedded in the geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit with these new data. The strengths and weaknesses of each tested model, i.e., G4BinaryLightIonReaction, G4QMDReaction, and INCL++, coupled to two different de-excitation models, i.e., the generalized evaporation model and the Fermi break-up model, are discussed.
Sleep heart rate circadian rhythm variability in temporal lobe epileptic Egyptian children

The aim of this study was to measure interictal circadian rhythm variability of heart rate (HR) in Egyptian children with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) using a 24 hours ECG recording. A group of 40 children suffering from partial epilepsy subdivided into group A with 21 children who had controlled temporal lobe epilepsy and group B with 20 children suffered uncontrolled temporal lobe epilepsy. A third group of 40 healthy children was studied as a control group. An ambulatory two channel-5-lead electrocardiography (ECG) recording was performed in both epileptic children and the controls. A computer assisted analysis of heart rhythm and heart rate variability recorded over a 24 hours period of normal daily activity of the children was done. There was lower heart rate variability (HRV) in temporal lobe epileptic children than in normal controls. Also the HRV was lower in children with uncontrolled TLE than in children with controlled TLE. There was a disturbance of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) function in epileptic children with reduction of the vagal tone compared to normal children as indicated by the differences in HRV which suggests that the parasympathetic component of the ANS is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of epilepsy.
CHLOROPHACINONE BAITING FOR BELDING’S GROUND SQUIRRELS

The efficacy of using 0.01% chlorophacinone on steam-rolled oat (SRO) groats applied in CA alfalfa by spot-baiting/hand baiting around burrow entrances (~11.5 g) to control free-ranging Belding's ground squirrels (Spermophilus beldingi) were compared in 6 randomly assigned square treatment units (TUs). Four TUs were given the rodenticide and 2 treated with placebo bait. Each TU was a 0.4 ha square surrounded by a similarly treated 5.5 ha square buffer zone. Baits were applied on May 13 and re-applied, on May 20 and May 22, after 7 days of un-forecasted cool wet weather greatly reduced their above ground activity. Pesticide (EPA SLN CA-890024) efficacy was calculated as % reduction (PR) of ground squirrels on each TUs measured directly by visual counts (VCs) and indirectly by active burrow counts (ABCs). VCs and ABCs provided mean PRs that met US EPA's 70% minimum standard efficacy threshold for field rodenticides (x = 73.5%, SD + 13.3; x = 80%, SD + 6.2, respectively). ANOVA results of the PRs were highly significant (F = 29.72, df 1/4, p = 0.0055 and F = 72.92, df 1/4, P = 0.001, respectively). All carcasses (38) located above ground were analyzed for pesticide and 80% had detectable levels in whole animals (x = 0.1131 ppm, SD + 0.0928). Suggestions to improve the pesticide’s efficacy and lessen its potential nontarget hazards were discussed.
Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extracts of twelve medicinal plants against oral micro organisms

The present study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of twelve medicinal plants antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of plants were evaluated using well diffusion method against Candida albicans Mangifera indica Candida tropicalis and Lactobacillus acidophlius Lanneacoromandelica showing week and the extract of regia, Psidium guajava L against all the test species. alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, medicinal plants. various oral infections. ABSTRACT The present study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of twelve medicinal plants against five microbial strains causing oral infections. The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of plants were evaluated using well diffusion method against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faec alis, Lactobacillus acidophilus Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis . Ethanolic extracts of Mangifera indica , were not effective against Streptococcus mutan Candida tropicalis and Lactobacillus acidophlius Lanneacoromandelica (Houtt) Merr , Mentha piperita, Citrus sinesis showing week and the extract of Acacia nilotica, Citrus limon, Psidium guajava L and Withania somnifera displaying strong antimicrobial activity against all the test species. The phytochemical analysis carrie d out revealed the presence of lkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, reducing sugar and steroids medicinal plants. These results provide justification for the use of the medicinal plants to treat various oral infections.
Noise Performance of Magnetic Field Tunable Avalanche Transit Time Source

Abstract—The effect of magnetic field on the noise performance of the magnetic field tunable avalanche transit time (MAGTATT) device based on Si, designed to operate at W-band (75 – 110 GHz), has been studied in this paper. A comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) model has been developed. The simulation results show that due to the presence of applied external transverse magnetic field, both the noise spectral density and noise measure of the MAGTATT device increase significantly. The noise performance of the device has been found to be further deteriorated if the magnetic field strength is further increased. Hence, in order to achieve the magnetic field tuning of the radio frequency (RF) properties of impact avalanche transit time (IMPATT) source, the noise performance of it has to be sacrificed in fair extent. Moreover, it clearly indicates that an IMPATT source must be covered with appropriate magnetic shielding material to avoid undesirable shift in operating frequency and output power and objectionable amount of deterioration in noise performance due to the presence of external magnetic field.
An Investigation into Cracking in Nickel-Base Superalloy Repair Welds

The nickel-base superalloy Rene 80 is considered very susceptible to liquation and strain-age cracking. Material in the solutionised condition is welded using the Cold Metal Transfer, or CMT process (with ductile filler alloy) and autogenously using a laser. Grain size is shown to have a significant effect on cracking. Using the CMT, welding power is shown to have high significance on the level of cracking, whereas welding speed has little effect. When welding using the laser, it is shown that the power and spot size are more crucial to the material cracking than the travel speed. It is indicated that the weld bead geometry has high significance over the occurrence of cracking, with a relationship between welding power, weld bead geometry, and stresses controlling the occurrence and magnitude of cracking. Further, some laser welds are analysed after post-weld heat treatment, and there is a significant increase in cracking after this. However, 34% of samples contained no cracking in both the as-welded and post-weld heat treated state.
Quantitative phase and polarization imaging through an optical fiber applied to detection of early esophageal tumorigenesis

Abstract. Phase and polarization of coherent light are highly perturbed by interaction with microstructural changes in premalignant tissue, holding promise for label-free detection of early tumors in endoscopically accessible tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract. Flexible optical multicore fiber (MCF) bundles used in conventional diagnostic endoscopy and endomicroscopy scramble phase and polarization, restricting clinicians instead to low-contrast amplitude-only imaging. We apply a transmission matrix characterization approach to produce full-field en-face images of amplitude, quantitative phase, and resolved polarimetric properties through an MCF. We first demonstrate imaging and quantification of biologically relevant amounts of optical scattering and birefringence in tissue-mimicking phantoms. We present an entropy metric that enables imaging of phase heterogeneity, indicative of disordered tissue microstructure associated with early tumors. Finally, we demonstrate that the spatial distribution of phase and polarization information enables label-free visualization of early tumors in esophageal mouse tissues, which are not identifiable using conventional amplitude-only information.
Relationships between Larval and Juvenile Abundance of Winter-Spawned Fishes in North Carolina, USA

Abstract We analyzed the relationships between the larval and juvenile abundances of selected estuarine-dependent fishes that spawn during the winter in continental shelf waters of the U.S. Atlantic coast. Six species were included in the analysis based on their ecological and economic importance and relative abundance in available surveys: spot Leiostomus xanthurus, pinfish Lagodon rhomboides, southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma, summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus, and Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus. Cross-correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between the larval and juvenile abundances within species. Tests of synchrony across species were used to find similarities in recruitment dynamics for species with similar winter shelf-spawning life-history strategies. Positive correlations were found between the larval and juvenile abundances for three of the six selected species (spot, pinfish, and southern flounder). These three species have similar geographic ranges that primarily lie south of Cape Hatteras. There were no significant correlations between the larval and juvenile abundances for the other three species (summer flounder, Atlantic croaker, and Atlantic menhaden); we suggest several factors that could account for the lack of a relationship. Synchrony was found among the three southern species within both the larval and juvenile abundance time series. These results provide support for using larval ingress measures as indices of abundance for these and other species with similar geographic ranges and winter shelf-spawning life-history strategies.
Optical Music Recognition in Mensural Notation with Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks

In this work, we present an approach for the task of optical music recognition (OMR) using deep neural networks. Our intention is to simultaneously detect and categorize musical symbols in handwritten scores, written in mensu-ral notation. We propose the use of region-based convolutional neural networks, which are trained in an end-to-end fashion for that purpose. Additionally, we make use of a convolutional neural network that predicts the relative position of a detected symbol within the staff, so that we cover the entire image-processing part of the OMR pipeline. This strategy is evaluated over a set of 60 ancient scores in mensural notation, with more than 15000 annotated symbols belonging to 32 different classes. The results reﬂect the feasibility and capability of this approach, with a weighted mean average precision of around 76% for symbol detection, and over 98% accuracy for predicting the position.
Verbal encoding fMRI paradigm adds complementary information to cerebral language lateralization

Title: Verbal encoding fMRI paradigm adds complementary information to cerebrallanguage lateralization.Purpose: To explore two conceptually different fMRI paradigms’ ability to lateralizelanguage.Methods: A verbal encoding paradigm and a word generation task were performed bysix patients (four right-handed) with therapy-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE),and by ten healthy individuals (five right-handed). FMRI laterality indices (LI) andlaterality curves for the anterior cerebral language regions were calculated. Typicallateralization was defined as left-hemisphere dominance, and a typical as bilateral orright-hemisphere dominance.Results: Both paradigms showed predominantly left-sided activation in the anteriorlanguage regions, with typical contralateral cerebellar activity. Thirteen out of sixteensubjects showed concordant language lateralization results for both paradigms.Two subjects, both left-handed, showed discordant language lateralization results.Laterality curves added information for individual subjects with uncharacteristicresults. The verbal encoding task showed overall more widespread activationcompared to the word generation task.Conclusion: Our results indicate valid language lateralization obtained by the fMRIverbal encoding paradigm for right-handed subjects. This offers the opportunity tosimultaneously study two cognitive functions, language and verbal encoding, usingone task. TLE is a network disease which predisposes afflicted patients to cortical reorganizationand inserting uncertainties regarding hemisphere dominance. Atypicallanguage representation in connection with left-handedness should be interpretedwith caution irrespective of which paradigm is chosen.Keywords: TLE, fMRI, handedness, lateralization index, language lateralization (Less)
Enhanced fluorescence of selected cationic dyes adsorbed on reduced-charge montmorillonite

Abstract The aggregation of three cationic dyes (CD), crystal violet (CV), Nile blue (NB) and rhodamine B (RB) in aqueous solution was studied by visible absorption spectrophotometry and compared with methylene blue (MB). The distribution of the dye species (monomers, dimers, trimers, and tetramers) in aqueous solutions with different concentrations of dye was calculated using equilibrium stepwise aggregation constants Kn. These cationic dyes were intercalated into montmorillonite (SAz-1) and its reduced charge form (RC-SAz(210)) prepared by heating lithium montmorillonite (Li/SAz-1) at 210°C. The fluorescence of fully saturated CD/SAz and low-CD loaded CD/RC-SAz(210) complexes was studied. Visible absorption spectra of CD aqueous solutions and visible absorption spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns (d001) of the CD/SAz and CD/RC- SAz(210) solid complexes were obtained and evaluated. Large fluorescence intensities were found for CV/RC-SAz(210) and NB/RC-SAz(210) complexes in the same way as for the complex of methylene blue with reduced-charge montmorillonite MB/RCM(210) described previously.
Numerical simulations of piano strings. II. Comparisons with measurements and systematic exploration of some hammer‐string parameters

A physical model of the piano string, using finite difference methods, has recently been developed. [Chaigne and Askenfelt, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 95, 1112–1118 (1994)]. The model is based on the fundamental equations of a damped, stiff string interacting with a nonlinear hammer, from which a numerical finite difference scheme is derived. In the present study, the performance of the model is evaluated by systematic comparisons between measured and simulated piano tones. After a verification of the accuracy of the method, the model is used as a tool for systematically exploring the influence of string stiffness, relative striking position, and hammer‐string mass ratio on string waveforms and spectra.
A Nonsynonymous Polymorphism in IL 23 R Gene Is Associated With Risk of Gastric Cancer in a Chinese Population

Jianjian Chen, Yan Lu, Hanze Zhang, Yanbing Ding, Chuanli Ren, Zhaolai Hua, Yan Zhou, Bin Deng, Guangfu Jin, Zhibin Hu, Yaochu Xu, and Hongbing Shen* Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China Department of Gastroenterology, Yangzhou First People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, China Medical Lab, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, China Department of Epidemiology, Yangzhong Cancer Institute, Yangzhong, China Department of Oncology, Yixing People’s Hospital, Yixing, China