Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circuits Regulating Superoxide and Nitric Oxide Production and Neutralization in Different Cell Types: Expression of Participating Genes and Changes Induced by Ionizing Radiation

Superoxide radicals, together with nitric oxide (NO), determine the oxidative status of cells, which use different pathways to control their levels in response to stressing conditions. Using gene expression data available in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and microarray results, we compared the expression of genes engaged in pathways controlling reactive oxygen species and NO production, neutralization, and changes in response to the exposure of cells to ionizing radiation (IR) in human cancer cell lines originating from different tissues. The expression of NADPH oxidases and NO synthases that participate in superoxide radical and NO production was low in all cell types. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin, and peroxiredoxins participating in radical neutralization showed high expression in nearly all cell types. Some enzymes that may indirectly influence superoxide radical and NO levels showed tissue-specific expression and differences in response to IR. Using fluorescence microscopy and specific dyes, we followed the levels and the distribution of superoxide and NO radicals in living melanoma cells at different times after exposure to IR. Directly after irradiation, we observed an increase of superoxide radicals and NO coexistent in the same subcellular locations, suggesting a switch of NO synthase to the production of superoxide radicals.
Predicting speech intelligibility in university classrooms using geometrical acoustic simulations

In university classrooms a suitable acoustic condition is necessary to enhance the productivity of students and the vocal comfort of lecturers. With this purpose international standards recently introduced new requirements on the quality of verbal communication. The goal of this work is to propose a procedure for predicting speech intelligibility in large learning spaces through geometrical acoustic simulations. The performance of the present approach is investigated using analytical prediction models as well as the measurements results in six university classrooms surveyed.
Some Recent Thraciidae, Periplomatidae, Myochamidae, Cuspidariidae and Spheniopsidae (Anomalodesmata) from the New Zealand region and referral of Thraciareinga Crozier, 1966 and Scintillona benthicola Dell, 1956 to Tellimya Brown, 1827(Montacutidae) (Mollusca : Bivalvia)

Thracia vitrea (Hutton, 1873) is redescribed and referred to Thracia Blainville, 1824, subgenus Odoncineta O. G. Costa, 1829. The circum-Antarctic species Thracia meridionalis E. A. Smith, 1885 is newly recorded from New Zealand and referred to subgenus Crassithracia Soot-Ryen, 1941. New thraciids are described belonging to Asthenothaerus Carpenter, 1864 (one), Parvithracia Finlay, 1926 (s. str.) (one), Parvithracia (Pseudoasthenothaerus) Kamanev, 2002 (two) and Trigonothracia Yamamoto & Habe, 1959 (one). Myadora biconvexa Powell, 1927 and Parvithracia cuneata Powell, 1937 are referred to, Barythaerus, a new genus of Thraciidae. Thracia reinga Crozier, 1966 and Scintillona benthicola Dell, 1956 are referred to Tellimya Brown, 1827 in Montacutidae. The periplomatid Pendaloma micans (Hedley, 1901) is newly recorded as widely distributed off New Zealand. New data on shell morphology and distributions are provided for the myochamids Hunkydora novozelandica (Reeve, 1859) and Myochama tasmanica (Tenison Woods, 1877) and new species of Hunkydora Fleming, 1948 and Myadoropsis Habe, 1960 are described. Cuspidaria aupouria Dell, 1950 is referred to Rhinoclama Dall & E. A. Smith in Dall, 1886 (s. str.). A new and minute species of the Cuspidariidae from the Norfolk Ridge is referred to a new genus, namely Pseudogrippina, and cuspidariids belonging in Plectodon Carpenter, 1864 (three) and Rhinoclama (Austroneaera) Powell, 1937 (two) are described. The three Rhinoclama (Austroneaera) species previously recorded from the New Zealand region are reviewed. Spheniopsidae is transferred from Heterodonta to Anomalodesmata and tentatively grouped in Cuspidarioidea. Six new spheniopsids of the genus Grippina Dall, 1912 are described and G. aupouria (Powell, 1937) is redescribed.
Development of life events scale for the elderly

目的 编制并检验老年人生活事件量表(LESE)的信度、效度. 方法 对915名60岁及以上老年人中进行该量表测试,并结合其他测评工具,对其进行了信度、效度检验. 结果 量表由健康有关问题、家庭生活有关问题、社交及其他问题三个方面构成,共计46个条目. LESE的2周重测信度的Pearson相关系数为0. 910,三个方面的重测信度的Pearson相关系数在0. 767～0. 929之间,均P ＜0.01. LESE与张明园生活事件量表的相关系数为0. 646,与自测健康评定量表总分之间的相关系数为-0.650(P ＜0.01),呈显著负相关. 无抑郁、轻度抑郁和中重度抑郁老年人LESE得分存在显著差异. 有自杀意念老年人和无自杀意念老年人LESE得分也存在显著差异. 结论 LESE具有较好的信效度,可作为评估老年人应激性事件与心理健康的测评工具。
The ‘Island Rule’ Acting on Anuran Populations (Bufonidae: Rhinella ornata) of the Southern Hemisphere

Darwin and Wallace, in the mid‐nineteenth century, were the first to document examples of natural selection acting on island dwellers. A century later a pattern of morphological differences among organisms on islands was coined the ‘island rule’, which states that on islands species with small individuals tend toward gigantism and large individuals tend toward dwarfism. Selective pressures such as limited resources and increased intraspecific competition modulate the size of organisms in these environments. Of the several works that have tested vertebrates for adherence to the island rule only two have addressed amphibians. This work is the third record of body size variation of island amphibian populations, and the first for the Southern Hemisphere. The islands investigated were once continuous with mainland, and now are isolated as a result of sea level fluctuations that took place in the Pleistocene and Holocene. This study compared morphometric variation in populations of Rhinella ornata (Bufonidae) occurring on three islands of the Costa Verde to populations on five continental areas in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We measured 18 morphometric variables of 177 individuals. There was a shift toward smaller body size (dwarfism) in two of the three island populations studied. We attribute this general pattern to geographic factors, verifying the expression of the island rule in tropical frogs populations (insular dwarfism) operating inversely in relation to those of temperate environments (island gigantism).
Predatory diversity of two demersal finfish species in the trawling grounds off Veraval

Nemipterus japonicus is morphological ly adapted to predate on small sized crustaceans like Acetes and penaeid prawns. Saurida tumbil is adapted to predate on larger and faster prey like finfishes and squids. N. japonicus predates on 35 prey groups compared to 22 by S. tumbil. Both the predators are asynchronous cyclic feeders. In a continum between opportunistic and selective feeding, N. japonicus is towards opportunistic feeding and S. tumbil towards selective feeding. There are ontogenetic changes in the predatory pattern of both the species.
Effect of Calcium Salts on Susceptibility to Browning of Avocado Fruit

Fuerte avocados were dipped in 0.18M solutions of calcium chloride (CaCl2·6H2O) or calcium phosphate (CaHPO4) or calcium arsenate [Cas(AsO4)2] or calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2·4H2O] to determine whether these treatments had any effect on the browning components in avocados. It was found that calcium treatments suppressed both respiration and polyphenol oxidation and also reduced the content of total phenolics, leuco-anthocyanins, and flavonols. Of those calcium treatments used, calcium arsenate gave the best results.
Dependence of Recruitment on Parent Stock

Observations on the relation of recruitment to stock suggest that there is a lightly convex curve for herring and a dome-shaped one for gadoid fishes, in contrast to flatfishes where a flat-topped curve is well established for several species. Theoretical examination of potential mechanisms lead to a suggestion that natural mortality rate decreases with age down to a minimum, then increases among the older, senescent, fish. This has been incorporated into yield curves for the North Sea plaice and Arcto-Norwegian cod, which have maxima at rates of fishing (F) of 0.22 and 0.26, respectively.
Morphology and morphogenesis of a new species in the genus Pseudourostyla (Hypotrichida, Ciliophora)

Pseudourostyla nova sp. nov. is described on the basis of living and protargolstained specimens. The general form of the cell resembles that of Pseudourostyla cristata (Jerka-Dziadosz, 1968). The AZM extends to the right side of the cell. Both paroral membranelles are relatively short. There is a dense coat of extrusomes all over the cell surface. The species has two rows of marginal cirri on each side and seven dorsal kineties. There are no hypertrophied frontal cirri. The organization of the frontal region is very unusual in this species. The left row of midventral cirri extends to the anterior end of the cell while the right row ends close to the right end of the AZM. Such a pattern of frontal cirri has not hitherto been described. A detailed description of morphogenetic events which result in this characteristic pattern of ciliature is presented.
Determination of the Posphorylation of Starch from Native Potato Varieties by 31P NMR

31P NMR technique was used to determine variations between potato varieties in the degree of phosphorylalion on the C-3 and C-6 sites of the glucosidyl units of the amylopectin molecules. The C-3 phosphorylation was independent of the potato variety, while a substantial variation in the C-6 phosphorylation was observed. Bestimmung der Phosphorylierung der Starke aus nativen Kartoffelsorten mittels 31P-NMR Zur Bestimmung von Unterschieden hinsichtlich des Phosphorylierungsgrades an den C-3- und C-6-Positionen der Glucosideinheiten der Amylopektinmolekule wurde die 31P-NMR-Technik angewendet. Die C-3-Phosphorylierung war von der Kartoffelsorte unabhangig. wahrend eine betrachtliche Abweichung bei der C-6-Phosphorylierung beobachtet wurde.
The Cytoarchitectural alterations in the neocortex of Wistar rats: Effects of aqueous tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum ) leaves extract exposure

This study investigated the effects of corresponding 11.7 mg/kg body weight and 5.8 mg/kg body weight/day of the tobacco leaves aqueous extract for a period of 20 days on the functions of rats’ brain after extract administration. Nicotiana tabacum is the scientific name of the tobacco plant grown in several countries of the world. It has been used in variables ways such as smoking, snuffing, even chewing, etc. 24 young rats of both sexes were used. They were divided into 3 groups, A, B, C of 8 rats each (Female (n = 4) and male (n = 4)). Group A were given 11.7 mg of the extract per kg body weight, group B 5.8 mg of the extract per kg body weight in 0.5 ml of distilled water per day throughout the 20 experimental days while group C were given equal volume (0.5 ml) of distilled water as well. The rats were sacrificed at day 21 by cervical dislocation and the brains were excised and fixed in formol calcium for 4 days and processed using Haematoxylin and Eosin staining method and Cresyl Fast Violet (CFV) staining technique. There was a statistical significant decrease in the body weight, brain weight and relative brain weight between groups A and B compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There was enlargement of the somata in the group A administered with 11.7 mg/kg B.Wt per day of the extract while those in group B appeared more spindle compared to those cells in group C. Also, the non – homogenous appearance of myelinated neocortex of the neuropil appear clearly in the treated groups compared to control (Figure 3). Therefore, the results suggested that the consumption of the aqueous extract of N. tabacum leaves may alter the normal functions of the brain which may lead to brain dysfunction, despite its “pleasant” effects and also help in reduction in weight gain. Key words : Nicotiana tabacum , cerebrum, frontal lobe, cytoarchitecture, neocortex.
KİMYA VE MATEMATİK ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ ÖĞRETMEN OLMA NEDENLERİ

The purpose of this study is to examine the reasons of prospective mathematics and chemistry teachers, who were enrolled in the secondary education programme in two different universities in Ankara, for preferring to be a teacher. 38 prospective teachers participated in this study. In order to understand participants` reasons for being a teacher, they were wanted to answer two open-ended questions. Categories were formed according to the written responses. The analysis of data indicated that both intrinsic and extrinsic reasons were the main factors affecting prospective chemistry and mathematics teachers` preference to be a teacher. Inspiration by chemistry and mathematics teachers during their school period, love for teaching and chemistry or mathematics content knowledge were among the prior preferences.
Biochemical And Histochemical Changes Associated with Gonad Development of the Cortez Geoduck, Panopea globosa (Dall 1898), from the Gulf of California, Mexico

ABSTRACT Thirty adult organisms of Panopea globosa, an endemic geoduck species from Baja California, Mexico, were collected monthly during a maturation cycle (October through January). Histological and semiquantitative histochemical changes (total lipids and carbohydrates) were assessed in gonad tissue during the maturation process. Biochemical quantification of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitellogenin, and vitellin was performed on hemolymph and gonad tissues of all specimens. The theoretical diameter of oocytes was also estimated from their surface area, measured in histological sections of gonads. Five distinct gonadal stages were identified in both male and female geoducks, with previtellogenic (PVt)/early spermatogenic (ES) gonads being observed in October. Spawning took place in December/January when the temperature reached a plateau of ∼18.5°C. Oocyte diameter varied between 25.5 µm(PVt stage) and 74.8 µm during the late vitellogenic stage (LVt). The percent of lipids and carbohydrates evaluated histochemically in females closely mirrored the gonadal stages, as well as the diameter. Quantitative changes in proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in the hemolymph did not show a clear temporal pattern, yet the level of vitellogenin increased from 16.4 (PVt stage)—47.8 µg/mL (LVt stage) and correlated with the oocyte diameter. The weightspecific content of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in the gonads was significantly greater during PVt and ES than the other gonadal stages, and remained relatively constant thereafter. Vitellin content mirrored the evolution of each maturation stage and correlated significantly with oocyte diameter. Vitellogenin or vitellin can be used as a reliable quantitative index of gender and degree of gonadic maturity in females. Hemolymph can be obtained readily from the pericardial cavity without affecting the performance of the organism significantly, which further makes vitellogenin a valuable, nonlethal marker for this genus.
Screening of Lactococcal Adhesion Genes and Two Pneumococcal Genes as Genetic Determinants of Virulence in Lactococcus garvieae Strains

Nine lactococcal adhesin and two pneumococcal virulence genes were characterized in twenty Lactococcus garvieae strains obtained from rainbow trout, and also one human isolate by PCR. Findings showed that all strains carried adhPsaA (522 bp), LPxTG-1 (947 bp), adhCI (490 bp), and purB (864 bp) while some of the strains had adhPav (1048 bp), LPxTG-2 (767 bp), LPxTG-3 (231 bp), adhCII (732 bp), adh (398 bp) and SP_0121 (966 bp). High nucleotide homologies (85-99%) of adhCI, adhCII, adh, adhPav, adhPsaA, LPxTG-1, LPxTG-3 involved in bacterial adhesion were determined between L. garvieae strains and reference Lg2. Genes containing polymorphisms among strains were not considered to be directly involved in bacterial pathogenesis. The amplification of LPxTG-3 only in fish isolates showed that it might be responsible for coding the host-specific virulence factor. However, undetermined amplicons demonstrated that LPxTG-4 could not be used as a host-specific gene marker. Pneumococcal purB and SP_0121 have been experimentally detected in L. garvieae genome for the first time. Consequently, both purB and SP_0121 can be used as a virulence marker for L. garvieae. Findings provided valuable knowledge about L. garvieae pathogenesis and, will contribute to identify the appropriate genomic targets to develop new therapeutics against the lactococcosis.
Taxation and State-Building in Developing Countries: Capacity and Consent

1. Introduction: taxation and state-building in developing countries Deborah Brautigam 2. Between coercion and contract: competing narratives on taxation and governance Mick Moore 3. Capacity, consent and tax collection in post-communist states Gerald M. Easter 4. Taxation and coercion in rural China Thomas P. Bernstein and Xiaobo Lu 5. Mass taxation and state-society relations in East Africa Odd-Helge Fjeldstad and Ole Therkildsen 6. Contingent capacity: export taxation and state-building in Mauritius Deborah Brautigam 7. Tax bargaining and nitrate exports: Chile 1880-1930 Carmenza Gallo 8. Associational taxation: a pathway into the informal sector? Anuradha Joshi and Joseph Ayee 9. Rethinking institutional capacity and tax regimes: the case of the sino-foreign salt inspectorate in republican China Julia Strauss 10. Tax reform and state-building in a globalised world Odd-Helge Fjeldstad and Mick Moore.
Major clinical research advances in gynecologic cancer 2007

Major clinical research advances in gynecologic cancer in 2007 are as follows. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines were shown to be effective in preventing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). In treating cervical cancer, the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) was suggested to be less toxic than the conventional radiotherapy was. Minimally invasive surgery, especially robot surgery is expected to be more popular in future. Adjuvant radiotherapy did not increase the survival rate in early endometrial cancer. Adjuvant chemoradiation was demonstrated to be superior to adjuvant radiation in the treatment of early endometrial cancer. Hormone therapy in endometrial cancer was effective but has high recurrence rate. Pelvic/abdominal pain, increased abdominal size/bloating, difficulty eating/feeling full, urinary frequency/urgency could be the symptoms of ovarian cancer. Serial CA-125 measurement or combining ultrasonography and CA-125 could be effective screening strategies of ovarian cancer. Molecules interfering vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were shown to be effective in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
htrB of Haemophilus influenzae: determination of biochemical activity and effects on virulence and lipooligosaccharide toxicity

The htrB mutant of Haemophilus influenzae (strain B29) has been shown to lack secondary (non-hydroxylated) acyl groups in its lipid A. We have determined through in vitro biochemical assays that the HtrB protein acts as a specific acyltransferase in the late stages of lipid A biosynthesis and that the preferred acyl group donor is myristoyl-acyl carrier protein. Under the conditions employed, the Escherichia coli precursor, Kdo2-lipid IVA, functions as a myristate acceptor. Introduction of the Haemophilus htrB gene into an E. coli mutant lacking htrB complements the biochemical and physiological defects associated with the E. coli htrB mutation. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) assays using murine and human macrophage cells indicated that nontypeable H. influenzae (NtHi) strain 2019 and H. influenzae type b strain A2 elicit levels of expression of TNFα that are 30-40 times greater than levels induced by the isogenic htrB mutants (B29 and A2B29). Studies using cell-free LOS indicated that the LOS from wild type strain 2019 elicits levels of TNFα expression that are 6-8-fold higher than those of B29. In situ hybridization studies of a primary human bronchial epithelial cell line demonstrated a greater increase of TNFα message produced in the presence of 2019 LOS than in the presence of B29 LOS. TNFα levels of the cell supernatant of cells stimulated with 2019 LOS were found to be 7-8-fold higher than levels in B29 stimulated supernatants. Using the Limulus amoebocyte lysate for assessment of endotoxic activity, we found that wild type LOS was 8-fold higher in endotoxic activity compared with the mutant LOS. In virulence assays using intraperitoneal inoculation of infant rats, the htrB isogenic strain caused bacteremia at 50% the frequency of the wild type strain. In intranasal inoculation studies, the htrB mutant strain was unable to cause bacteremia whereas the wild type b parent produced bacteremia in 40-60% of the animals. These findings suggest that the htrB gene of H. influenzae is important for virulence and that host TNFα expression is attenuated in response to htrB mutant strains.
PHYCOREMEDIATION: A NOVEL AND SYNERGISTIC APPROACH IN WASTEWATER REMEDIATION

Pollution such as water pollution got intensified with an increase in population density. So, it became important to deal with various industrial and household contaminants like dyes, heavy metals, microbes and radioactive materials. Hence, to remediate the water from such hazardous contaminants in a rapidly developing world, new technological inventions are required globally. Nanotechnology is getting increased attention as it is an advanced technology and shows advantages compared to other innovations. Various technologies are available in remediating water such as algal turf systems and nanoparticle-based adsorption. There are several ways of nanoparticle synthesis, but the algae-based synthesis is very significant and environment friendly. The potential and efficiency of algae in waste water remediation is remarkable and several contaminants can be detoxified, transformed and volatized by algae. There are several potential benefits associated with the algae mediated phycoremediation due to its advantages over conventional systems of remediation and heavy metal removal. Algal strains are easy to culture and adaptive in nature and can be easily manipulated within the laboratory. In this review, we have discussed the biological green nanoparticle synthesis using algae as an eco-friendly, cheap and cost-effective sustainable technology. However, algal mediated waste water treatment is yet in a primary stage and many innovative steps are necessary for adaptive remediation strategies, which can sustainably address global waste water issues.
Topic Modeling Approaches for Understanding COVID-19 Misinformation Spread in Sub-Saharan Africa

Since the start of the pandemic, the proliferation of fake news and misinformation has been a constant battle for health ofﬁcials and policy makers as they work to curb the spread of COVID-19. In areas within the Global South, it can be difﬁcult for ofﬁcials to keep track of the growth of such false information and even harder to address the real concerns their communities have. In this paper, we present some techniques the AI community can offer to help address this issue. While the topics presented within this paper are not a complete solution, we believe they could complement the work government ofﬁcials, healthcare workers, and NGOs are currently doing on the ground in Sub-Saharan Africa.