Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-resolution simulations of two cold palaeo climates in Europe

The study of past climate is important because it increases our understanding of how the climate system works. Past climate is often reconstructed by using proxies (that is observations of things that tell something about past climate, for example tree rings, pollen in lake sediments and fossils). Model simulations of past climate further increases the knowledge since it has the possibility to gap the space and time between the sparse and scattered proxy observations, since a model simulation gives relatively continuous information about the whole simulated area. Model simulations can also give internally coherent information about parameters that is not easily reconstructed from proxies (for example heat fluxes). In this thesis two periods in the past are simulated by climate models: the Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3), 44 000 years ago, and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), 21 000 years ago. Both periods are characterised by low temperature, low sea level and low level of carbon dioxide. The topography in northern Europe is dominated by ice sheets covering Iceland, Norway and parts of Sweden at MIS3; and more extensive ice sheets covering Iceland, Scandinavia, the British Isles and Northern Germany at LGM. These periods are firstly simulated by a global climate model. Those simulations are subse-quently used in a regional climate model to increase the level of detail over Europe. To make the regional climate model simulation more realistic vegetation simulated by a dynamical vegetation model is used in the regional climate model. The climate models simulate European climates much colder than today, especially at LGM. The temperature differences ranges from 5 to 45 °C colder than today; the largest differences being at the ice sheets where the perennial ice cover and the high altitude keep temperatures low. Precipitation is reduced with as much as almost 100 % in northern Europe due to reduced evaporation. Precipitation is increased with as much as 100 % in parts of southern Europe due to changes in atmospheric circulation. The simulations are in broad agreement with proxies, although there are differences. The vegetation model simulates tundra like vegetation (herbs and shrubs) in the ice-free parts of central and southern Europe. The eastern parts of Europe are dominated by needle-leaved trees. The short and cool summers limit vegetation. The simulated vegetation is in
Insights into the Differences in Leaf Functional Traits of Three Varieties of Osmanthus fragrans with Different Flower Colors

Leaf functional traits are adaptations that facilitate plants to grow in a wide range of environmental conditions. This study aims to gain insights into the differences in leaf functional traits of three varieties of Osmanthus fragrans with different flower colors (i.e., O. fragrans var. thunbergii , O. fragrans var. latifolius , and O. fragrans var. aurantiacus ). Leaf length, leaf width, and single-leaf wet and dry weights decreased significantly in the following order: O. fragrans var. thunbergii , O. fragrans var. latifolius , and O. fragrans var. aurantiacus . Specific Leaf Area (SLA) of O. fragrans var. aurantiacus was also significantly higher than those of O. fragrans var. thunbergii and O. fragrans var. latifolius . This finding indicates that leaf construction cost of O. fragrans var. aurantiacus was significantly lower than those of O. fragrans var. thunbergii and O. fragrans var. latifolius to pay an utmost effort to increase light capture and use efficiency because of its low leaf size. Thus, one of the reasons causing the difference in flower colors of the three varieties of O. fragrans may be the difference in leaf functional traits among the three varieties of O. fragrans because most (or even all) of the compounds which form different colors in flower originates the leaves function (i.e. photosynthesis) and difference in leaf functional traits can trigger pronounced effects on the absorption and utilization of light as well the metabolic components.
Camou ﬂ age patterns are highly heritable but predictability varies among three populations of white-tailed deer

If ungulate neonate cryptic coloration provides a survival advantage, it should be heritable and adapted to their prevailing environment. However, recent changes in land use and predation pressure may have created a mismatch between previously adapted camou ﬂ age and the current environment. In Mississippi, USA, row-crop agriculture has altered some landscapes while recovery of native predators and establishment of novel predators may apply new directional pressures. We assessed whether spotting characteristics of neonate white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) were heritable and whether they accurately predicted region of origin, indicating adaptation to speci ﬁ c environmental characteristics. Spotting characteristics were moderately (total number of spotting clusters) to highly (number of single spots) heritable, suggesting speci ﬁ c characteristics may provide an adaptive advantage. Camou ﬂ age patterns were moderately distinctive for neonates with lineages originating in the Lower Coastal Plain (LCP) and Thin Loess regions ( ≥ 67% of neonates accurately classi ﬁ ed into their respective region) supporting previous selection for speci ﬁ c patterns at the regional level. However, camou ﬂ age patterns failed to predict region of origin for neonates originating from the Delta region (0%), suggesting a disruption of previous adaptation. Of the three regions, the Delta is the most heavily converted from forested habitats, with over 70% in agriculture, while the LCP and Thin Loess are < 40% and 21%, respectively. Given that camou ﬂ age patterns display high heritability and neonates displaying successful camou ﬂ age patterns should display increased survival, the lack of a predictable pattern within the dynamic Delta landscape suggests that major land-use changes and new predatory pressures may have disrupted the neonate cryptic coloration best suited to this population ’ s current environment.
Applications of generalized trigonometric functions with two parameters II

Generalized trigonometric functions (GTFs) are simple generalization of the classical trigonometric functions. GTFs are deeply related to the $p$-Laplacian, which is known as a typical nonlinear differential operator. Compared to GTFs with one parameter, there are few applications of GTFs with two parameters to differential equations. We will apply GTFs with two parameters to studies on the inviscid primitive equations of oceanic and atmospheric dynamics, new formulas of Gaussian hypergeometric functions, and the $L^q$-Lyapunov inequality for the one-dimensional $p$-Laplacian.
Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Sarcomere Integrity and Postnatal Muscle Function by Mef2c (cid:1)

Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factors cooperate with the MyoD family of basic helix- loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors to drive skeletal muscle development during embryogenesis, but little is known about the potential functions of MEF2 factors in postnatal skeletal muscle. Here we show that skeletal muscle-speciﬁc deletion of Mef2c in mice results in disorganized myoﬁbers and perinatal lethality. In contrast, neither Mef2a nor Mef2d is required for normal skeletal muscle development in vivo. Skeletal muscle deﬁcient in Mef2c differentiates and forms normal myoﬁbers during embryogenesis, but myoﬁbers rapidly deteriorate after birth due to disorganized sarcomeres and a loss of integrity of the M line. Microarray analysis of Mef2c null muscles identiﬁed several muscle structural genes that depend on MEF2C, including those encoding the M-line-speciﬁc proteins myomesin and M protein. We show that MEF2C directly regulates myomesin gene transcription and that loss of Mef2c in skeletal muscle results in improper sarcomere organization. These results reveal a key role for Mef2c in maintenance of sarcomere integrity and postnatal maturation of skeletal muscle.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Assessing the Moderating Effect of Consumer Product Knowledge and Online Shopping Experience on using Recommedation Agents for Customer Loyalty

Social media technologies have greatly facilitated the creation of many types of user-generated information, e.g., product rating information can be used to generate preference-based recommendation. As a decision support tool, a Recommendation Agent (RA) has been widely adopted by many e-commerce websites. The impact of RAs on online shopping has been extensively examined in the IS literature. However, from Marketing and Social Media perspectives, the widely adopted cognitive–affect– conative–action framework of customer loyalty has not been tested in the presence of RAs. Moreover, there has been little research assessing the impact of increasing consumer knowledge about specific product domains on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Based on these important constructs, this study proposes and empirically tests a parsimonious model assessing the moderating effect of consumer product knowledge and online shopping experience on using RA for customer loyalty. The results show that consumer product knowledge relationship between RA's recommendations negatively impacts the recommendation quality and customer satisfaction, however, consumer online shopping experience does not have a significant effect on the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The results make a significant contribution to a better understanding of the constructs in our research model and provide evidence useful for the management of websites using RAs for product recommendations.
: Phytoplankton continuous trait-distribution model with one-dimensional physical transport applied to the North Pacific. Geoscientific

Diversity plays critical roles in ecosystem functioning, but it remains challenging to model phytoplankton diversity in order to better understand those roles and reproduce consistently observed diversity patterns in the ocean. In contrast to the typical approach of resolving distinct species or functional groups, we present a ContInuous TRAiT-basEd phytoplankton model (CITRATE) that focuses on macroscopic system properties such as total biomass, mean trait values, and trait variance. This phytoplankton component is embedded within a nitrogen–phytoplankton-zooplankton– detritus–iron model that itself is coupled with a simpliﬁed one-dimensional ocean model. Size is used as the master trait for phytoplankton. CITRATE also incorporates “trait diffusion” for sustaining diversity and simple representations of physiological acclimation, i.e., ﬂexible chlorophyll-to-carbon and nitrogen-to-carbon ratios. We have implemented CITRATE at two contrasting stations in the North Paciﬁc where several years of observational data are available. The model is driven by physical forcing including vertical eddy diffusivity imported from three-dimensional general ocean
Conducting Polymers in Sensor Design Conducting Polymers in Sensor Design

Conducting polymers (CPs) as well as conducting polymer nanoparticles seem to be very applicable for the development of various analyte-recognizing elements of sensors and biosensors. This chapter reviews mainly fabrication methods as well as application of conducting polymers in sensors. Conducting polymers (CPs) have been applied in the design of catalytic and affinity biosensors as immobilization matrixes, signal transduction systems, and even analyte-recognizing components. Various types of conducting and electrochemically generated polymer-based electrochemical sensors were developed including amperometric catalytic and potentiodynamic affinity sensors. A very specific interaction of analyte with immobilized biological element results in the formation of reaction products.
Bmp-2 Downstream Targets in Mesenchymal Development Identiﬁed by Subtractive Cloning From Recombinant Mesenchymal Progenitors (C3H10T 1 ⁄ 2 ) the

ABmp-dependent in vitro model was used to identify cDNAs during the manifestation of mesenchymal lineages. This model in-volves the recombinant expression of Bmps (Bmp-2, Bmp-4–7) in murine mesenchymal C3H10T 1 ⁄ 2 progenitors, which leads to the differentiation into three lineages: the osteogenic, the chondrogenic and the adipogenic lineage, albeit in varying efficiencies. By subtractive cloning, 21 Bmp-2–regulated cDNAs from C3H10T 1 ⁄ 2 mesenchymal progenitors were identiﬁed; 20 were related to known sequences and 1 was not. During mouse embryonic development, many of these cDNAs are expressed in chondrogenic, osteogenic, and in adipogenic tissues. Novel ﬁndings include a G 0 /G 1 switch gene ( G0S2 ), which was demonstrated to be predominantly expressed in adipose tissue during late murine embryonic development. Furthermore, the membrane-stand-ing glycoprotein autotaxin (ATX) is expressed, at precartilage condensations, joint regions, and during tooth development. An as yet undescribed cDNA, 29A, which encodes a putative secreted factor, is expressed in developing osteo-/chondro-genic tissues of vertebrae, ribs, tooth, and the limb bud. C3H10T 1 ⁄ 2 -progenitors, therefore, may serve as
Maintaining Electric Power Quality Using Integrated S-Transform with Xenogeneic Composition Neural Network

Electric power quality is one of a most important factor in industrial applications because it consists of collection of frequency, voltage and waveform information that used to enhance the electric power distribution. But the quality of power system has been affected by different factors such as swell, impulsive transients, momentary interruptions, swag, harmonics, notch and spike which leads to reducing the quality of power. So, the power quality is enhanced with the help of optimized machine learning techniques. Initially, the S-transform has been combined by particle multi-perceptron neural network (PMPNN) which examines the high and low-frequency components for analyzing the disturbance parameter and the further process is improved by integrating the S-transform with xenogeneic composition neural network (XGCNN) which train the power system features for eliminating the disturbance factors with effective manner. Finally, the simulation results are discussed for examining the power quality distribution factor with effective manner.
Atrial Septal Aneurysm in Young and Middle Age Patients with A New Paroxysm of Atrial Fibrillation in Babylon Province

Background and Objectives: Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common atrial arrhythmia , it may be associated with alote of structural and functional cardiac causes . The Aim of this study was to evaluate a possible causal relationship between ASA ( atrial septal aneurysm ) and the occurrence of paroxysmal AF in young and middle age patients , and reporting of some other structural and pathological abnormality diagnosed by standard transthoracic echocardiography. Design and Methods: This study was involved young and middle age groups (20-55 years), itincluded 339 patients with new paroxysmal atrial fibrillation , but 37 of them was excluded from the study, (male 250 and female 52) with additional 300 control group. All patients were examined By standard transthoracic echocardiographic protochol that involve two dimension ( 2D) , M-Mood and dopplar , looking for possible cardiac structural causes for the new onset paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and special attention was made to the inter atrial septum. The Results: The paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is more with 41-55 years age group that represents 65.56% of patients , while the age group 20-40 years which give 34.44%. The paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is more in male group (82.78%), than female group ( 17.22%) . The paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients show many associated heart abnormalities (acquired and congenital diseases) by echocardiographic results, and specifically, the ASA is 17.21% in AF patients. The highest percentage of ASA are 21.2% in the age group 41-55 years old, and 18.4% in male group, with significant relationship between them(P value < 0.05, odds ratio is 12.3, chi-square is 42.64 , 95% confidence interval 4.8-31.19). Conclusion: Echocardiography has a significant role in the diagnosis of causes of AF. There is a strong association of ASA and the onset of new paroxysmal AF, More for those patients older than 41 years old , more in male than female.
International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment

Purpose – This study aims to explore the challenges associated with the integration of resilience and sustainability, and propose a workable solution that ensures resilient and sustainable buildings. Recent research outcomes suggest that the number of natural hazards, both environmental and geophysical, will increase due to the effect of global warming. Various approaches have been investigated to reduce environmental degradation and to improve the physical resilience to natural hazards. However, most of these approaches are fragmented and when combined with cultural barriers, they often result into less-efficient assessment tools. Findings – The major finding of this research is that, from a technical point of view, resilience and sustainability could be integrated. However, it requires a long and thorough process with a multidisciplinary stakeholder team including technical, strategic, social and political parties. A combination of incentives and policies would support this process and help people work towards the integration.TheJapanesemodeldemonstratesasuccessfulcaseinengagingstakeholdersintheprocesswhichledtothedevelopmentofacomprehensiveappraisaltool,CASBEE®,whereresilienceandsustainabilityareintegrated. Practical implications – Although data have been sought through literature review (i.e. secondary data), the research is expected to have significant impact, as it provides a clear theoretical foundation and methods for those wishing to integrate resilience within current sustainability appraisal tools or develop new tools. This paper original are to reduce in the way resilience and are It sets up a new research agenda whichhasthepotentialtohaveastrongimpactduethefactthatsustainabilityandresiliencearegettinghigheronthepoliticalpriorityscale. Originality/value This paper of an original reduce in the way resilience a new research potential to have a strong impact due the fact that sustainability and resilience are getting higher on the political priority scale.
Design of axial-flux permanent-magnet low-speed machines and performance comparison between radial-flux and axial-flux machines

Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Science (Technology) to be presented with due permission for public examination and criticism in the auditorium 1382 at Lappeenranta ABSTRACT Asko Parviainen This thesis presents an alternative approach to the analytical design of surface-mounted axial-flux permanent-magnet machines. Emphasis has been placed on the design of axial-flux machines with a one-rotor-two-stators configuration. The design model developed in this study incorporates facilities to include both the electromagnetic design and thermal design of the machine as well as to take into consideration the complexity of the permanent-magnet shapes, which is a typical requirement for the design of high-performance permanent-magnet motors. A prototype machine with rated 5 kW output power at 300 min-1 rotation speed has been designed and constructed for the purposes of ascertaining the results obtained from the analytical design model. A comparative study of low-speed axial-flux and low-speed radial-flux permanent-magnet machines is presented. The comparative study concentrates on 55 kW machines with rotation speeds 150 min-1 , 300 min-1 and 600 min-1 and is based on calculated designs. A novel comparison method is introduced. The method takes into account the mechanical constraints of the machine and enables comparison of the designed machines, with respect to the volume, efficiency and cost aspects of each machine. It is shown that an axial-flux permanent-magnet machine with one-rotor-two-stators configuration has generally a weaker efficiency than a radial-flux permanent-magnet machine if for all designs the same electric loading, air-gap flux density and current density have been applied. On the other hand, axial-flux machines are usually smaller in volume, especially when compared to radial-flux machines for which the length ratio (axial length of stator stack vs. air-gap diameter) is below 0.5. The comparison results show also that radial-flux machines with a low number of pole pairs, p < 4, outperform the corresponding axial-flux machines.
Decentralized Voltage Regulation in Islanded DC Microgrids Based on a Modified Droop Control using Superimposed AC Voltage

The conventional droop control is a widely-used technique in load sharing among Distributed Generator (DG) units in islanded DC Microgrids (MGs). This method provides Plug-and-Play (PnP) capability for DG units; however, poor load sharing accuracy and unregulated voltage are two shortcomings of that. This article proposes a novel control system in islanded DC MGs to provide simultaneous regulated voltage and accurate load sharing. The method utilizes a modified droop control technique in a decentralized manner. The proposed control system injects a superimposed AC voltage to the network that carries a frequency proportional to the master DG unit output current. The injected voltage adjusts an added a term to the conventional droop control named as the voltage compensation term in order to cancel voltage changes. This term adjusts terminal voltage of DG units proportional to the frequency of the superimposed AC voltage. The performance of the proposed control system is validated via a set of simulation studies using PLECS, and the experimental results confirm the viability and feasibility of the proposed control system.
Preliminary Study of Methodology on the Impact of Different Teamwork Skill Levels on the Efficiency on the Software Development Workflow Based on Industry in Malaysia

The software development life cycle (SDLC) is the important element in software development. In fact, there are needs to upgrade the sequence of methodology in software development. The SDLC methodology is the highest level of abstraction and is defined as a collection of problem-solving methods governed by a set of principles and common philosophies in solving targeted problems for extended project timeline teamwork as well as a decrease of a high team collaboration and understanding in the software development. Thus, the SDLC is very crucial in order for them to ensure the quality of skills is placed accordingly in the workflow. This research contributes to the development of a new approach in system development workflow with the aim to properly manage system development projects. It started by providing some background data related to the previous mode of operation in the teamwork samples as shared by the stake-holders of the transformation projects and the new proposed Analysis System Development Framework (ASDF) method team members. Then, the key findings related to themes of 1) input for User Requirement Specification (URS) and 2) System Requirement Specification (SRS), 3) proses for module, 4) process for database, 5) process for User Acceptance Testing (UAT) 6) output for Final Acceptance Testing (FAT) and empowerment for the whole level based on ASDF method. This research contributes mainly to the findings, more than previous research has found, that significantly support the perception that a high quality of skills in a teamwork results in better performance of software development.