Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Who Should I Share Risk With? Gifts Can Tell: Theory and Evidence from Rural China

This paper studies how gift exchange may help to overcome limited commitment problem in risk sharing. When efficient contract enforcement is lacking, people rely on friends (or relatives) to share risk since emotional or moral cost of defaulting between friends can help to prevent moral hazard. The problem is how to distinguish between friends and non-friends? Gift expense serves as a signal of friendship since giving a gift is less costly for a friend than a non-friend due to altruism. The model re-evaluates the role of gift exchange in developing economies, and helps to rationalize the large amount of gift exchange in China (10% of living expenditure). As a signal, gift exchange improves the efficiency in risk sharing and facilitates favor exchange, but I also demonstrate that the welfare gains due to this improvement may be offset by increased inequality. By using a unique data set containing detailed records about gift exchange in rural China, the empirical study suggests gift expenses, as a signal, significantly increase the probability of risk sharing. I also show further empirical evidence to the theory by testing more model predictions.
A Mathematical Model of Ranking Coaches

This paper gives a mathematical model to evaluate a college coach by use of a fuzzy hierarchical evaluation approach. In this approach, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is first used to give a proper weight for each influential factor. Then these weights are applied in computing the grade of a coach by use of a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Meanwhile, an impact factor is introduced to reflect some social influences like commercial value, popularity and devotion, which are normally hard to be quantified. The accuracy of the impact factor is guaranteed by cluster analysis of coaches' active years. Finally, an experimental sample of this model is shown for comparison with other ranking results. Keywords-AHP; fuzzy comprehensive evaluation; ranking model; college coaches
Carbon di-sulfide (CS2) induced chromosomal alterations and apoptosis in circulated blood lymphocytes of personnel working in viscose industry

Circulated blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 41 workers occupationally exposed to Carbon di-sulfide (CS 2 ) exposed from viscose industry were investigated to collect data on the effects and to find a possible relationship between in-vivo CS 2 induced apoptosis and genotoxic effects. The subjects were divided into three groups: 41 subjects exposed to CS 2 together with various confounding factors, another 41subjects inhabitants of Viscose industry partially exposed to CS 2 in longperiods. The results were compared with 41 control subjects without known occupational exposure. Ambient air concentrations of CS 2 were measured in different work places. Measures of genotoxicity included the determination of the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister-chromatid exchange (SCE), HPRT mutations (variant frequency, VF) and the measurement of UV-induced unscheduled DNA-repair synthesis (UDS). The percentages of premature centromere division (PCD) and of cells with a high frequency of SCE (HF/SCE) were also scored. Apoptosis and cell proliferation were determined by flow cytometry. In both CS 2 exposed groups, the apoptotic activity and the CA levels in PBLs were significantly higher than in controls. The CA was mostly breaks of the chromatid type. In the second group, which was partially exposed to CS 2 , CA were slightly lower in comparison with group I fully exposed to CS 2 and other confounding factors, which may be attributed to a different rate of elimination of damaged lymphocytes as a consequence of CS 2 induced apoptotic activity. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that exposure to CS2 induces apoptosis and CA, indicating an excess cancer risk among subjects occupationally exposed to CS 2 . The results also emphasize the importance of the measurement of occupationally exposed pollutants, such as CS 2 , in order to avoid genotoxic effects in the workers also habit of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption among the viscose workers had a synergistic effect on inducing cancer risk.
Fungal community assessment in Canadian arctic soils from Alexandra Fiord, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut.

Fungal communities in arctic soils tend to be less diverse compared to the communities in temperate forest soils due to the harsher environmental conditions. Even in a single arctic site such as Alexandra Fiord, considered a terrestrial arctic oasis, fungal diversity is expected to be lower compared to soils in less extreme environments. We hypothesized that variations in environmental factors would play an important role in determining fungal community structure, as the Alexandra Fiord soils exhibits considerable environmental variation in a small geographic area. To test this hypothesis, we collected soil samples from three sites across the landscape and performed length-heterogeneity polymerase chain reaction (LH-PCR) analyses using ITS3 and NLB4 primers, which have been used successfully to characterize complex communities. Our results showed that there were large relative differences in fungal community structure between the sites. At the Alexandra Fiord Highland Dolomitic site diversity was low with genotypes relatively evenly distributed, whereas Alexandra Fiord Highland Granitic and Alexandra Fiord Lowland sites had higher diversity and a less even distribution of genotypes with a few occurring at a high frequency and many rare species. Among environmental variables, soil moisture, temperature, DOC, DON, C:N ratio and soil pH were significant influential factors in determining fungal community structure. Among these environmental factors, pH showed the strongest correlation with the fungal community data.
A ROBUST APPROACH FOR ROAD PAVEMENT DEFECTS DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION

The objective of this paper is to propose a robust approach to building a computer vision system to detect and classify pavement defects based on features, such as the contour of feature (chain code histogram, Hu-moment), the shape of an object (length, width, area). In this paper, we present a method to build an automated system to detect and classify the different types of defects such as rupture of the road edge, potholes, subsidence depressions based on image processing techniques and machine learning methods. That system includes the following steps. First step is to detect defect position (ROI) then the defect is described by its features. Finally, each defect is classified these different defect features. In our approach the following algorithms have been using: Markov Random Fields and Graph cuts method for image segmentation, Random Forests algorithm for data classification.
Transmission volume holograms for LED illumination

The application of transmission holograms in automotive headlamp systems is a possible new field of application for holographic elements. However, it requires the adaptation of holograms to light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as reconstruction light sources. This includes the consideration of the reconstruction wavefront shape. Therefore, computer-generated holograms (CGHs) are designed for different LED wavefront approximations and recorded in a photopolymer. Within experiments, the performance of the optimization is analyzed. For reconstruction, an automotive-certified LED is used and the reconstructed image is recorded. The correlation of the ideal and the real reconstructed image is used as indicator for a successful adaptation within the design process. It is shown that there are clear differences regarding the improvement of the correlation between the considered wavefront approximations. The best results are achieved with a wavefront, determined from an interferometric measurement, and with a wavefront with Lambertian characteristic.
Product market competition and boundaries of the firm

This paper studies the effects of product market competition on firm boundaries. In a duopoly setting, each retailer is associated with a manufacturer who must decide how to allocate property rights over a retail asset. Delegating property rights over the retail asset to an indepedent retailer (`disintegration') transfers incentives from the manufacturer to the retailer and has the benefit of increasing product quality and profits, owing to the retailer's superior efficiency. However, it also forces the manufacturer to forfeit part of the profits. Competition increases the net benefit from delegation and leads to more efficient, vertically disintegrated structures.
Clustering of Multi Scripts Isolated Characters Using k-Means Algorithm

The aim of this paper is script identification problem of handwritten text which facilitates the clustering of data according to their type of script. In this paper, collection of different types of handwritten text document i.e. Devanagari, Gurumukhi and Roman is taken as input and then cluster of all these documents according to script type whether i.e. Devanagari, Gurumukhi, or Roman was prepared. Clustering of handwritten multi-script document scheme proposed in this paper is divided into two phases. First phase used to extract the features of given text images. In the second phase, features extracted in the previous phase were used for clustering with kMeans algorithm. In feature extraction phase, we have extracted four types of features, namely, circular curvature feature, horizontal stroke density feature, pixel density feature value and zoning based feature. In this study, we have considered 4,850 samples of isolated characters of Devanagari, Gurumukhi and Roman script.
Proceedings of the 6th International Natural Language Generation Conference

It gives us great pleasure to introduce the technical program of the Sixth International Natural Language Generation Conference (INLG 2010), the biennial meeting of the ACL Special Interest Group in Natural Language Generation (SIGGEN). The INLG conference provides the premier forum for the discussion, dissemination and archiving of research and results in the field of natural language generation. Previous INLG conferences have been held in the USA, Australia, the UK and Israel. Prior to 2000, INLG meetings were held as international workshops with a history stretching back to 1983. In 2010, on behalf of SIGGEN, INLG is being co-hosted by Trinity College Dublin and the Dublin Institute of Technology; and held in Trim Castle Hotel, Trim, Co. Meath, Ireland. The INLG 2010 programme consists of presentations of substantial, original, and previously unpublished results on all topics related to natural language generation. This year we received 50 submissions (36 full papers and 14 short papers) from 18 different countries from around the world. As in previous years, each submission was reviewed by at least three members of an international programme committee of leading researchers in the field. Based on these reviews 16 submissions were accepted as full papers and 8 as short papers (4 papers were withdrawn). The accepted papers are of the highest quality and cover all of the major aspects of natural language generation. This year, the conference programme includes two keynote speakers. Susan E. Brennan, Professor of Psychology at Stony Brook University, will speak on "Adapting Generation to Addressees: What Drives Audience Design? " and Richard Power of The Open University will present a talk entitled "Ontologies and Text: Can NLG Bridge the Gap? ". This year we are also delighted to host the 2010 Generation Challenges organised by Anja Belz, Albert Gatt and Alexander Koller. This is a part of INLG that has been growing in importance over the last number of conferences and is a great addition to the event.
NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR HIGH DISINFECTION LEVEL OF FLEXIBLE ENDOSCOPES

Maybe, one of the most promising applications of cavitation in the biomedical field is related to the cleaning and disinfecting capability of cavitation phenomenon. Recently, a new technology has been developed and patented for cleaning and high level disinfection of medical flexible endoscopes, which are acknowledged as one of the cause of hospital acquired infections, as called nosocomial infections. In the paper, the principle of operation of the equipment as well as the results of the experimental and numerical studies carried out at the EPFL Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines are presented. In this equipment, the cavitation process is achieved through the rapid shut-off of the flow by a rotating valve which leads the liquid to series of pressure and relief waves of controlled amplitude and phase. The liquid is then subjected to rapid changes of pressure, leading to the onset and the collapse of bubbles. The the shock waves and the high shear stress during the bubble collapse strongly affects the cellular structure of the bio-organisms infecting the endoscope walls and notably the internal passages. Moreover, a continuous flow through the endoscope thoroughly eliminates the contaminant and impurities, processed by the cavitation phenomenon. Finally the high level of disinfection efficiency of the new technology is demonstrated through biological tests carried out with the original equipment.
A small world experiment in the digital era: Can sWOM be used by start uppers to reach a target?

The rapid growth of Web 2.0 coupled with its unique capabilities has increasingly captured the attention of scholars and practitioners, and the list of benefits for companies of any age, size, and geography is continuously accrued by new evidences. This paper contributes to the literature in the field by investigating the potential impact of social media, and especially of social Word-of-Mouth (sWOM), in boosting start-ups growth. This study applies an original approach on the topic, by replicating the Small World Experiment of Milgram. An empirical experiment of information diffusion process in the ESCP Europe community - chosen as example of a determined and closed social network, composed by a lot of start uppers - enabled authors to demonstrate that interconnected communities can enhance the WOM effect and consequently can represent an effective tool to help people looking for opportunities, such as start uppers, to reach a specific target; in the dissemination process if super-connectors play a substantial role, and weak ties help in further diffuse the message, on the contrary monetary incentive are not important.
Use scenarios: mobile 3D television and video

The focus of 3D television and video has been in technical development while hardly any attention has been paid on user expectations and needs of related applications. The object of the study is to examine user requirements for mobile 3D television and video in depth. We conducted two qualitative studies, focus groups and probe studies, to improve the understanding of user approach. Eight focus groups were carried out with altogether 46 participants focusing on use scenario development. The data-collection of the probe study was done over the period of 4 weeks in the field with nine participants to reveal intrinsic user needs and expectations. Both studies were conducted and analyzed independently so that they did not influence each other. The results of both studies provide novel aspects of users, system and content, and context of use. In the paper, we present personas as first archetype users of mobile 3D television and video. Putting these personas into contexts, we summarize the results of our studies and previous related work in the form of use scenarios to guide the user-centered development of 3D television and video.
Benchmarking atomic data for the CHIANTI atomic database: coronal lines observed by Hinode EIS

The coronal lines that are observable in the Hinode EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) wavelengths are assessed with new atomic data that have recently become available for a range of important ions. EIS spectral lines are identified based on their spatial variation across different solar regions, their wavelengths, and their intensities. Two off-limb observations are presented, one above an active region, and one in the quiet Sun. The spectra are relatively free of low-temperature lines. Accurate wavelengths and intensities are provided. The observed and predicted line intensities generally agree excellently, once blending is taken into account. The main diagnostics available for measuring the electron density of the solar corona using EIS are highlighted with the use of the emissivity ratio technique. Densities obtained from different ions agree excellently. Most of the previous identifications are confirmed. A considerable number of weaker lines still await identification, however. The approximate formation temperature of the main unidentified lines is provided to aid the identification process. The EIS radiometric calibration appears to be in need of revision. A new quiet-Sun argon/iron relative abundance of 0.16, in line with Galactic measurements, is found. The abundances of sulphur and argon in the “background” unresolved active region emission are found to be lower by a factor of about two at 1.5 MK, and even lower at 3 MK.
Vibration characteristics analysis of a centrifugal impeller

Crack fault of a centrifugal impeller occurred while working. The finite element model of the impeller was established and vibrational characteristics were analyzed for to find the reason of the crack fault in this paper. The resonance frequencies of the impeller were identified with the help of Campbell diagrams. The modal experiments were carried out with hammering method, the modal parameters were obtained and the correct of the simulations was verified under the same constraints with the FEM model. Computation effort was saved while accuracy was retained making use of the cyclic symmetry technique in ANSYS. The results showed that simulating results agreed well with that of the experiments.
The yu-dative Construction "V+yu+IO" in Archaic Chinese: A Cognitive Typological Perspective *

This paper argues against the received view that the two yu-dative constructions in Archaic Chinese, viz. “V+yu+IO” and “V+DO+yu+IO” have the same semantic structure by offering several empirical observations to show that this derivation hypothesis is suspicious. Moreover, this paper also demonstrates that even though the two yu-dative constructions make reference to the same conceptual content, their profiles are different. Hence, in accordance with the preliminaries of Cognitive Grammar, “V+yu+IO” and “V+DO+yu+IO” differ semantically. This paper further explores the semantic structure of “V+yu+IO” in Archaic Chinese from both Cognitive Grammar and Semantic Map perspectives. It will be demonstrated that the semantic extensions exhibited by both “V+yu+IO” and “V+DO+yu+IO” constructions occupy different contiguous areas on a single semantic map, which further justifies the idea that the semantic structure of the “V+yu+IO” construction, which is different from that of “V+DO+yu+IO”, assumes an important role in determining its own extensions, which include the comitativeexperiencer, instrumental, passive, and comparative constructions.
Biocalcification Mediated Remediation of Calcium Rich Ossein Effluent by Filamentous Marine Cyanobacteria

Biocalcification of excess calcium catalyzed by the growth of the selected filamentous marine cyanobacteria exemplifies potential mechanism towards bioremediation of ossein effluent released during acidification of cattle bones in a gelatin production system. Two filamentous marine cyanobacteria Oscillatoria willei BDU130791 and Phormidium valderianum BDU20041 were tested for their ability to grow and aid in bio-calcite formation under laboratory conditions. Calcite formation, has been demonstrated in three types of effluent collected at different stages namely, di-calcium phosphate (DCP), high total dissolved solids (HTDS) and low total dissolved solids (LTDS). Biomass induction and calcite formation, were observed in effluents with seawater dilution in the ratio 1:1 amended with fertilizer grade urea and superphosphate. Biomass productivity of 0.15 g L -1 d -1 and 0.06 g L -1 d -1 were obtained in LTDS and HTDS effluent by O. willei BDU130791 and P. valderianum BDU20041 respectively with concomitant nutrient removal rates at the end of seventh day coupled with simultaneous increase in dissolved oxygen (DO) and calcite formation. Biocalcite formed by both the marine cyanobacteria was further characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled fourier transform IR and electron dispersive spectral (EDS) analysis. The study for the first time has unraveled the potentials of O. willei BDU130791 and P. valderianum BDU20041 to remediate the ossein effluent by calcite formation.
Late Holocene uplift of Rhodes, Greece: evidence for a large tsunamigenic earthquake and the implications for the tectonics of the eastern Hellenic Trench System

Several large earthquakes in the Hellenic subduction zone have been documented in historical records from around the eastern Mediterranean, but the relative seismic quiescence of the region over the period of instrumental observation means that the exact locations of these earthquakes and their tectonic significance are not known. We present AMS radiocarbon dates from uplifted late Holocene palaeoshorelines from the island of Rhodes, showing that uplift is most consistent with a single large (MW ≥ 7.7) reverse-faulting earthquake between about 2000 BC and 200 BC. Analysis of the uplift treating the earthquake as a dislocation in an elastic half-space shows a predominantly reverse-faulting event with a slip vector oblique to the direction of convergence between Rhodes and Nubia. We suggest that the fault responsible for the uplift dips at an angle of 30–60° above the more gently dipping oblique subduction interface. The highly oblique convergence across the eastern Hellenic plate boundary zone appears to be partitioned into reverse slip on faults that strike parallel to the boundary and strike-parallel or oblique slip on the subduction interface. Hydrodynamical simulation of tsunami propagation from a range of tectonically plausible sources suggests that earthquakes on the fault uplifting Rhodes represent a significant tsunami hazard for Rhodes and SW Turkey, and also possibly for Cyprus and the Nile Delta.
Modeling fluvial incision and transient landscape evolution: Influence of dynamic channel adjustment

[1] Channel geometry exerts a fundamental control on fluvial processes. Recent work has shown that bedrock channel width depends on a number of parameters, including channel slope, and is not solely a function of drainage area as is commonly assumed. The present work represents the first attempt to investigate the consequences of dynamic, gradient-sensitive channel adjustment for drainage-basin evolution. We use the Channel-Hillslope Integrated Landscape Development (CHILD) model to analyze the response of a catchment to a given tectonic perturbation, using, as a template, the topography of a well-documented catchment in the footwall of an active normal fault in the Apennines (Italy) that is known to be undergoing a transient response to tectonic forcing. We show that the observed transient response can be reproduced to first order with a simple detachment-limited fluvial incision law. Transient landscape is characterized by gentler gradients and a shorter response time when dynamic channel adjustment is allowed. The differences in predicted channel geometry between the static case (width dependent solely on upstream area) and dynamic case (width dependent on both drainage area and channel slope) lead to contrasting landscape morphologies when integrated at the scale of a whole catchment, particularly in presence of strong tilting and/or pronounced slip-rate acceleration. Our results emphasize the importance of channel width in controlling fluvial processes and landscape evolution. They stress the need for using a dynamic hydraulic scaling law when modeling landscape evolution, particularly when the relative uplift field is nonuniform.