Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tumour versus patient: vascular and tumour survival versus prognosis

The concept that malignant solid tumour growth depends on angiogenesis is widely recognized. For some tumour types, there is a measurable range of vascularity and the link between prognosis and increased vascular density, best observed at the hotspots at the edge, is now established. What is less discussed are the corollaries: that tumour invasion requires tissue destruction; that the neovasculature must be not only protected but also sustained, especially at the tumour edge; that for tumour survival the edge is the future and the centre is history; and that angiogenesis is essential not only for tumour growth but also for tumour invasion. Different patterns of vascular density in tumour edge and centre have been observed, and these are linked to lymphatic spread and prognosis. The variation is attributable to differing interactions between endothelium and the tumour cell that dictate vascular and tumour survival; this may become relevant to anti‐angiogenesis therapies. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contrast and glare sensitivity in diabetic patients with and without pan‐retinal photocoagulation

Patients with diabetes mellitus often have ophthalmic dysfunction, as diabetic eye disease can affect the majority of the ocular structures. The present study investigated contrast sensitivity (experiment 1) and glare sensitivity (experiment 2) using Pelli‐Robson and Bailey‐Lovie charts in normal and diabetic patients with a range of degrees of ischaemic retinopathy (n=220). Contrast sensitivity thresholds reduced and glare sensitivity progressively increased throughout the range from normal to advanced stages of diabetic eye disease. However, the reduction in contrast sensitivity between adjacent groups was not significant (P>0.10). Conversely, glare sensitivity was found to be greater in those diabetic patients who had received laser treatment (P=0.001). The potential use of both tests is discussed.
Preliminary study on the inheritance of volatile organic compounds in 40 F1 hybrid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) progeny from a ‘Camarosa’ (♀) × ‘Benihoppe’ (♂) cross

Summary The aroma of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is one of the most iconic fruit scents. Over 360 different aromatic compounds have been identified from strawberry. In order to analyse patterns of inheritance in the biosynthesis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in strawberry, 40 hybrid strawberry plants from a cross between ‘Camarosa’ (♀) and ‘Benihoppe’ (♂) that emitted different scents were characterised. The 89 most abundant VOCs synthesised by the parents and the hybrid progeny were identified, and the relative contents of the VOCs among individual progeny plants were used to study the inheritance of aroma-related traits. Methyl butanoate, ethyl butanoate, hexyl hexanoate, methyl hexanoate, octyl caproate, ethyl caprylate, and hexyl acetate were detected in > 75.0% of the progeny plants and were the most common VOCs. The important VOC, nerolidol, appeared to be inherited in a qualitative manner, while linalool was inherited quantitatively. An analysis of the inheritance of these major VOCs should help breeders select suitable material with the potential for improved aroma, and assist in future selection and breeding processes.
Recovery of the water content of hydrogel contact lenses after use

The aim of the present study is to determine the amount and time of water‐content recovery of ionic contact lenses (Surevue® and Acuvue®) and non‐ionic contact lenses (Soflens 38®, Soflens 66® and Optima 38®) when submerged in maintenance solution for 9 h. Using a hand‐held refractometer, we measured the water content of the lenses upon removal from the eye, and after 15, 30, 45 min, 1, 2 and 9 h in soaking solution. Both ionic lenses presented pre‐wear water content of 58%, while two of the non‐ionic ones (Soflens 38® and Optima 38®) registered 38.6% and the third (Soflens 66®) had 66%. We found a significant increase (p < 0.05) in water content after submersion in the Opti‐Free® solution for all the time periods studied and for all lenses. The water‐content recovery was faster in the non‐ionic lenses (Soflens 38®, Soflens 66® and Optima 38®) than in the ionic ones (Surevue® and Acuvue®), especially at 15 min. After 9 h in the soaking solution, the Surevue® Acuvue®, Soflens 38®, Soflens 66® and Optima 38® lenses reached water‐content recovery values of 99.7%, 99.6%, 99.8%, 99.8% and 99.6%, respectively, without significant differences (p > 0.05) between ionic and non‐ionic lenses, although the non‐ionic lenses reached slightly higher water‐content values at all the times studied. These results indicate that when the refractometer technique is used to measure water content, the lens types used in this study regain their initial water‐content values after 9 h in soaking solution. These data indicate the time needed for hydrogel contact lenses to reach their maximum water content after removal from the eye and submersion in maintenance solution. By ensuring maximum water content and minimum reduction of oxygen for the cornea, the specialist can help avoid clinical signs and symptoms related to low water content in the lenses.
Rebuttal to Hurley et al. (2014) from the Georgia Structural Pest Control Commission

The 2014 summer edition of American Entomologist contained an article entitled “Regulating Pesticide Use in United States Schools” that mentioned efforts enacted by the State of Georgia (Hurley et al. 2014). The Georgia Structural Pest Control Commission (GSPCC) were pleased to note that the article highlighted Georgia's regulatory involvement, as we feel those efforts could serve as a blueprint for other State Lead Agencies (SLAs) in promoting School Integrated Pest Management (SIPM) programs. However, the GSPCC felt that the article contained certain inaccuracies and the purpose of this rebuttal is to point out and correct these inaccuracies. The Georgia Structural Pest Control Act of 1955 created the Georgia Structural Pest Control Commission (GSPCC). The GSPCC is composed of seven members, including a designee from the University of Georgia Department of Entomology, the Georgia Department of Agriculture (GDA), and the Georgia Department of Public Health. It also includes three certified Pest Management Professionals (PMP) and a consumer affairs and protection representative; these last four members are appointed by the Commissioner of the GDA. The Commissioner of the GDA serves as Secretary to the GSPCC. The Commission is charged with issuing licenses and certifications and approves PMP recertification training. The GSPCC is also charged with creating the Rules, which are enforced by the GDA, to protect the interest, health, and safety of the public and govern PMPs. In November of 2000, the GSPCC amended the Rules to establish minimum treatment standards for the treatment of schools. The new standard provided greater protection against the accidental exposure of children to pesticides. Hurley et al. (2014) references the “Georgia School Pesticide Act (2003)” on pages 108 and 111 under the topic headings “Pesticide application record-keeping” and “Enforcement,” respectively. There is no such act. A search of the Georgia Legislature Web site for 2003 …
Psychological impact of an adult ADHD diagnosis: “A blessing and a curse?”

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is commonly thought of as a „childhood‟ disorder but is increasingly recognized as affecting adults. The aim of this study was to explore the psychological impact of receiving a diagnosis of ADHD in adulthood. Method: A qualitative study was conducted. Twelve adults (seven male, five female; aged 18-54) participated in semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Three master themes were identified with subthemes: (1) Looking back: different, faulty; relief and regret; reframing; (2) Looking inwards (with acceptance); and (3) Looking outwards: labeling: disability, stigma and social comparisons. Conclusion: The results highlighted a dilemma: diagnosis was necessary to access appropriate support and helpful to acknowledge (and potentially reframe) experiences, understand oneself better (including recognizing strengths) and foster a sense of belonging. 1 Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK. 2 Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, UK. 3 Trent Doctorate in Clinical Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. Correspondence to: Dr. Anna Tickle, Trent Doctorate in Clinical Psychology, Room B13, YANG Fujia, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton Road, Nottingham, NG8 1BB, UK. Phone: +44 (0)115 8466646; Fax: +44 (0)115 8466625; E-mail: anna.tickle@nottingham.ac. uk. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Funding: This work was funded as part of the Doctorate in Clinical Psychology of the first author, funded by Health Education England. Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank participants who gave their time for this study. Received: January 14, 2018; Revised: November 11, 2019; Accepted: December 4, 2019 © 2019 Associazione Oasi Maria SS. IRCCS Life Span and Disability Young Z. et al. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 174 However, after diagnosis there remains a struggle with the sense of self, feeling stigmatized, and the permanence of being or having ADHD forever.
Livestock Farming Systems, Research and Development Issues

There is evidence of the husbandry consideration already in ancient civilisations, as can be deducted, for example, from the great detail with which the number of sheep and cattle were annotated on clay tables in the city of Ebla in ancient Persia about 4000 years ago. Those can be considered some of the first documents of husbandry demography of the history. Quite numerous were in the roman and subsequent times the studies carried out on husbandry methods. Nevertheless, until late Middle Age there were more a collection of observations than true investigation methodologies. Consequently, the husbandry systems and their productive capacities depended mostly on the environmental conditions, with few possibilities for man to manipulate them. In the late Middle Age started a new allocation process of the land resources. Defined areas where assigned to different agricultural uses: cultivation, pasture, wood. Rationalisation processes of livestock farming activities began in this period and the premises are founded to switch much later from an animal production closely integrated into the agricultural activity to systems where the agricultural production is in the service of animal production. In the Renaissance, with the first treatises of veterinary anatomy the bases of future animal science were founded. But the animal science began only to develop in the 18th and 19th century.
Influence of Wood Heat Treatment, Temperature and Maceration Time on Vanillin, Syringaldehyde, and Gallic Acid Contents in Oak Wood and Wine Spirit Mixtures

Oak wood plays a very important role in spirit aging. A study using HPLC was, therefore, carried out on the influence of the temperature of wood treatment on phenolic compounds of spirits in contact with wood. It was found that high temperatures favor lignin decay, thus increasing benzoic aldehyde contents. Study of the influence of maceration time showed that periods of more than 24 hours do not cause significant changes in the phenolic derivative contents of spirits.
Role of novel peptide, EP67, in controlling bacterial infection

OF THE THESIS Role of Novel Peptide, EP67, in Controlling Bacterial Infection by Courtney Kathleen Nugent Cavaco Master of Science in Biology with a Concentration in Molecular Biology San Diego State University, 2012 Infectious diseases have re-emerged as one of the greatest global health challenges of the 21 century. However, the treatments available to control infections have demonstrated a remarkable deficiency in their ability to fight numerous bacterial pathogens that cause disease. Therefore, novel strategies and treatments must be examined to tackle this growing challenge. One approach currently under investigation is the employment of host immune defenses, more specifically those involved in innate immunity. The innate immune system serves as the body’s first line of defense during a pathogenic microbial assault. A variety of cell populations including neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells are involved in innate immune function, releasing diverse mediators such as alarmins, cytokines and chemokines. Among the compounds capable of activating the cells involved in innate immunity is the complement fragment, C5a. The principal role of native C5a is to recruit inflammatory cells and lymphocytes to sites of tissue injury and infection, and to then activate various effector responses including neutrophil degranulation, and inflammatory and chemotactic mediator release. Toward this end our collaborators have developed a unique innate immune activator known as EP67, derived from the biologically active region of human C5a. EP67 induces the activation of macrophages and dendritic cells resulting in the synthesis and release of multiple cytokines important for the activation of innate immunity. We have also observed that EP67 exhibits antimicrobial properties. Currently, we are investigating the use of EP67 as a novel immunobiotic to fight infectious diseases caused by two significant Gram-positive human pathogens, antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus, GBS).
Facile Approach in Development of Superhydrophobic-Superoleophilic Kaolin-Based Hollow Fibre Ceramic Membrane

A silane coupling agent is an organosilicon compound with special structure possessing organic functional groups and hydrolysable groups. In this study, a superhydrophobic-superoleophilic nano-silica film on ceramic membrane was constructed by a modified Stober technique by using tetraethoxy-silane (TEOS) and fluoroalkyl silane (FAS). The colloidal nano-silica based silane sol coating solution was synthesized via co-hydrolysis and co-condensation of TEOS and FAS. Particle size distribution of the colloidal nano-silica based silane sol was evaluated using particle size analyzer as depicted. The contents of the relative elements of the colloidal nano-silica based silane sol were examined using energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectra. Extent of superhydrophobicity-superoleophilicity was determined using the contact angle measurements. The surface wettability of superhydrophobicity-superoleophilicity was determined using the contact angle measurements. Also, the effects of grafting times and coating cycles on the wettability of the modified kaolin-based hollow fiber membrane were determined. The results revealed that the modified kaolin-based hollow fiber membrane exhibited oil contact of 0o and water contact angle of 160o and, demonstrating its considerable antiwetting applications like in oil-water filtration process. While, with an increase in grafting times and coating cycles, the wettability of the superhydrophobic-superoleophilic nano-silica film was enhanced due to increase in surface roughness provided by the hydrolysable groups on the surface of the ceramic membrane. In conclusion, this study presents a feasible route to the surface superhydrophobicity-superoleophilicity testing of ceramic membranes
Exploiting mTOR cellular signalling to promote retinal ganglion cell survival and axon regeneration after traumatic optic neuropathy

Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis and failure of optic nerve (ON) axon regeneration contribute to profound visual loss after traumatic optic neuropathy (TON), for which clinically effective treatments are lacking. Experimental manipulations of cellular signalling have identified phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and its downstream mediators mTOR and GSK3\(\beta\) as important regulators of neuronal survival and axon regeneration in an animal model of TON, using targeted siRNA to knock-down key negative regulators of cellular signalling, and to investigate underlying mechanisms using retinal cultures. Intravitreal treatment with siRNA targeting RTP801, a stress-induced inhibitor of mTOR, promoted RGC survival and axon elongation after ON crush (ONC), and potentiated reactive gliosis. In vitro, siRTP801- induced neuroprotection was direct, but required GFAP\(^+\) activated retinal glia to stimulate neurite elongation. siRTP801 also potentiated levels of glial-derived Trk-dependent neurotrophic factors. Knock-down of the axon growth cone/apoptosis regulator GSK3\(\beta\) was also neuroprotective, promoted modest axon elongation after ONC, and increased neurite sprouting in vitro. GSK3\(\beta\) suppression counteracted neurite growth-inhibition induced by CNS myelin-derived Nogo. Combined treatment with siRTP801/siGSK3\(\beta\) augmented axon regeneration after ONC. These findings support a clinically translatable siRNA approach targeting PI3K/mTOR signalling as the basis for development of novel neuroprotective/axogenic therapies.
The Influence of Metal and Temperature Stress on the Immune System of Crabs

That pollutants render many Crustacea more susceptible to disease implies a stressinduced decrease in immunocompetence. This study examines the effect of heavy metals (20, 50, 500 and 1000 jig 1-1 Cu, 10 and 500 jig 1-1 Cd, and 5 and 50 jig 1-1 Hg) and temperature on the cellular (haemocyte) component of the immune system of the shore crab, Carcinus maenas (L.). Marked fluctuations in circulating haemocyte numbers were observed in control crabs; these appear to correlate with daily changes in tidal height and the spring-neap tidal cycle. No change in haemocyte number was observed in crabs exposed to the metals for up to 30 days. However, Hg (Cu and Cd were not examined) at the highest concentration used, suppressed the tidal influence. A gradual rise in temperature from 10 to 200C significantly increased blood cell numbers although a rapid change initiated no response. In vitro cytotoxicity studies suggest that C. maenas haemocytes are relatively tolerant of metals. Copper had no effect on recognition or phagocytosis of bacteria in vitro although Cd slightly suppressed the latter. It is concluded that the immune system of C. maenas is relatively tolerant of metal stress. Key-words: Carcinus maenas, haemocytes, heavy metals, immunity
Opening an Occluded Subclavian Vein with a Screw‐Like Flexible Hollow Guide‐wire and Venoplasty

Patients with existing internal cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) often require upgrading to a biventricular ICD for treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF). Placement of a left ventricular (LV) lead can be technically challenging in the best of circumstances. A subclavian vein stenosis or occlusion related to previously placed leads adds a major obstacle to a successful implant. We report a technique of implanting an LV lead from the same side as the existing ICD system despite complete occlusion of the subclavian vein.
Evaluation of the Effect of Gurusa, a Ugandan Cereal-Based Fermented Food on Serum Lipid Profile and Body Weight of Wistar Albino Rats

The effect of Gurusa, a fermented traditional food on lipid profile and body weight was investigated. Thirty male albino rats weighing between 75 - 115 g assigned into five study groups designated A to E (n = 6) were fed 20 g of prepared pellets and tap water given ad libitum. The animals were served graded doses of Gurusa. Group A was served 100% rat chow pellets (made of maize bran); groups B, C and D were given pellets of 75% rat chow and 25% Gurusa, 50% rat chow and 50% Gurusa, 25% rat chow and 75% Gurusa respectively while group E was served 100% Gurusa. The lipid profile showed a dose dependent effect of Gurusa administration as one moves down the groups. Group D had a reverse action of group B and showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in TC, TG and HDL compared to groups A and B but a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in LDL compared to group B. Weight changes in group B produced a significant (P < 0.05) increase in MWI and GR compared to the other groups. There was no significant (P ≥ 0.05) difference in MWI and GR of group D when compared with group A. However group C showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in MWI and GR when compared with group A. Gurusa consumption alters both lipid profile and body weight and its combination with maize bran or other foods rich in dietary fibre, have potential to serve therapeutic purposes in the prevention of atherosclerosis and obesity depending on the intended objective.
LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS OF FISH SPECIES IN MARMARA LAKE, WEST ANATOLIA, TURKEY

The study reports on length–weight relationships (LWRs) for 13 fish species (Atherina boyeri, Cobitis fahirae, Alburnus battalgilae, Cyprinus carpio, Carassius gibelio, Ladigesocypris mermere, Pseudorasbora parva, Petroleuciscus smyrnaeus, Rhodeus amarus, Vimba vimba, Sander lucioperca, Gambusia affinis, Knipowitschia mermere) of 6 families in Marmara Lake, which is an alluvial set lake in west Anatolia, Turkey. Fish were caught between March 2012 and February 2013 with trammel nets and gillnets. The length– weight relationship was calculated using the expression: log (W) = log (a) + b log (L). Parameters of LWR are computed as “ a” ranging from 0.0053 to 0.0385, “ b” from 2.346 to 3.429, and “ r 2” from 0.814 to 0.994. Growth types were determined to be isometric, positive allometric and negative allometric for 4, 4 and 5 species, respectively. In addition, the present study includes first records of LWR for two endemic and two native species in freshwater of Turkey. The results would be useful for the protection of the presence of endemic species and sustainable fisheries in the lake.
Evolutionary Distance and Conserved Domain Analysis of Divergent Phylogenetic Lineages from Genus Naja

Naja Naja is one of the poisonous snakes in the genus Naja of Elapids family; commonly called Indian cobras and are mostly found in Asia and Africa. They are highly venomous species having a cocktail of chemicals that have different effects may be speed the heart rate, blood pressure and interfere with the normal function of the nervous system and potently block α7 homo-oligomeric neuronal AChRs causing paralysis. The aim of the present study is to identify the origin of neurotoxin, prediction of structure and function of neurotoxin by multiple sequences analysis and observing the conserved pattern of amino acid residues and to construct the phylogenetic tree for organizing evolutionary history of N. Naja of genus Naja from Elapidae family.