Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploitation of deep learning in the automatic detection of cracks on paved roads

With the advance of deep learning networks, their applications in the assessment of pavement conditions are gaining more attention. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is the most commonly used network in image classification. In terms of pavement assessment, most existing CNNs are designed to only distinguish between cracks and non-cracks. Few networks classify cracks in different levels of severity. Information on the severity of pavement cracks is critical for pavement repair services. In this study, the state-of-the-art CNN used in the detection of pavement cracks was improved to localize the cracks and identify their distress levels based on three categories (low, medium, and high). In addition, a fully convolutional network (FCN) was, for the first time, utilized in the detection of pavement cracks. These designed architectures were validated using the data acquired on four highways in Ontario, Canada, and compared with the ground truth that was provided by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO). The results showed that with the improved CNN, the prediction precision on a series of test image patches were 72.9%, 73.9%, and 73.1% for cracks with the severity levels of low, medium, and high, respectively. The precision for the FCN was tested on whole pavement images, resulting in 62.8%, 63.3%, and 66.4%, respectively, for cracks with the severity levels of low, medium, and high. It is worth mentioning that the ground truth contained some uncertainties, which partially contributed to the relatively low precision.
The July 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Sequence: Kinematics of Slip and Stressing in Cross‐Fault Ruptures

The July 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence produced cross‐fault ruptures from a Mw6.4 left‐lateral foreshock and a Mw7.1 right‐lateral mainshock. We use interferometric synthetic aperture radar and satellite optical imagery to characterize the surface displacements and subsurface fault slip characteristics of the sequence. We document ~46 km of surface rupture and peak slip values of ~5 m associated with the Mw7.1 and evidence that the two ruptures crossed each other. We additionally document evidence of triggered creep along 20–25 km of the central Garlock fault. Static stress change analysis shows that the foreshock sequence systematically promoted slip at the Mw7.1 hypocenter. Moreover, we find static stress changes promoted slip on the Garlock fault only in locations where we document surface creep, strongly indicating that the Garlock fault is sensitive to static stress changes. A potential rupture of the Garlock fault where slip was promoted could produce a Mw6.7–7.0 earthquake.
The genus Colotrechnus Thomson, 1878 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in the North- and South-Eastern provinces of Iran

Corresponding authors: Ehsan Rakhshani, E-mail: rakhshani@uoz.ac. ir Copyright © 2019, Rahmani et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The genus Colotrechnus Thomson, 1878 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in the Northand South-Eastern provinces of Iran
Direct Comparison Between Magnetospheric Plasma Waves and Polar Mesosphere Winter Echoes in Both Hemispheres

We present the first and direct comparison between magnetospheric plasma waves and polar mesosphere winter echoes (PMWE) simultaneously observed by the conjugate observation with Arase satellite and high‐power atmospheric radars in both hemispheres, namely, the Program of the Antarctic Syowa Mesosphere, Stratosphere, and Troposphere/Incoherent Scatter Radar at Syowa Station (SYO; −69.00°S, 39.58°E), Antarctica, and the Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System at Andøya (AND; 69.30°N, 16.04°E), Norway. The PMWE were observed during 03–07 UT on 21 March 2017, just after the arrival of corotating interaction region in front of high‐speed solar wind stream. An isolated substorm occurred at 04 UT during this interval. Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves and whistler mode chorus waves were simultaneously observed near the magnetic equator and showed similar temporal variations to that of the PMWE. These results indicate that chorus waves as well as EMIC waves are drivers of precipitation of energetic electrons, including relativistic electrons, which make PMWE detectable at 55‐ to 80‐km altitude. Cosmic noise absorption measured with a 38.2‐MHz imaging riometer and low‐altitude echoes at 55–70 km measured with an medium‐frequency radar at SYO also support the relativistic electron precipitation. We suggest a possible scenario in which the various phenomena observed in near‐Earth space, such as magnetospheric plasma waves (EMIC waves and chorus waves), pulsating auroras, cosmic noise absorption, and PMWE, can be explained by the interaction between the high‐speed solar wind containing corotating interaction regions and the magnetosphere.
The Impact of Preceding Spring Antarctic Oscillation on the Variations of Lake Ice Phenology over the Tibetan Plateau

The lake ice phenology response to climate change has been receiving growing concern in recent years. However, most studies have put emphasis on the spatial and temporal variability of lake ice phenology, and relatively few studies have been devoted to investigating the physical mechanisms of changes in lake ice phenology from the perspective of climatic dynamics. This study investigates the possible impact of the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) on the variations in lake ice phenology over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The results show that there is an intimate relationship between the AAO and the variations in break-up/ice duration during the period 2003–15. Further analysis indicates that the preceding boreal spring AAO-induced atmospheric circulation anomalies are favorable for generating tropical South Atlantic Ocean SST anomalies through air–sea interaction. Then the tropical SST anomalies strengthen the anomalous local-scale meridional–vertical circulation that projects into the Azores high and further induce the extratropical portion of the North Atlantic SST tripole. The anomalous warm core in the North Atlantic serves as the source of wave activity flux and stimulates a stationary wave train along the Eurasian continent to change the downstream atmospheric circulation. As a response, an abnormal cyclone and enhanced updraft are triggered over the TP, which are favorable for the formation of snowfall and then lower the surface air temperature according to the snow-albedo feedback mechanism, and thus result in the prolonged lake ice duration events. This study provides a new insight to link the AAO influence and climate over the TP and is helpful to understand the changes in lake ice phenology in response to climate change in recent years.
Meaning Correlates of Value Orientations

The purpose was to explore the relations between value orientations and meaning assignment tendencies. The hypotheses were that values would be related to a certain number of meaning variables that would be similar in three cultural groups. The participants were 150 individuals of both genders living in Israel. They are from three cultural communities (50 participants each): Israeli, French, and Russian. They were administered the values inventory PQ IV by Schwartz (1992) and the Meaning Test by Kreitler and Kreitler (1990a). The relations between the values of hedonism, power, and benevolence and the meaning variables were analyzed by correlations. The results showed that there are patterns of meaning variables corresponding to value orientations and that these patterns are unique to each of the value orientation. There were similarities in the major meaning variables across the groups but also differences, mainly in the salience of the constituents in the meaning patterns.
Mapping of vegetation cover using Sentinel-2 to estimate forest fire danger

Vegetation maps play a key role in an estimation of forest fire danger. To estimate forest fire danger, a vegetation type map of Gilbirinsky forestry situated in the Lake Baikal basin was created on basis of both the remote sensing data and field study. A Sentinel-2A satellite image was classified by the maximum likelihood method. Zones with different levels of forest fire danger have been identified: coniferous forests–extremely dangerous level, mixed forests – high level, and deciduous forests–moderate level of forest fire danger. Normalized Difference Water Index has been calculated and moisture content in vegetation has been evaluated.
Exploring the reservoir potential of Lower Cretaceous Clinoforms in the Fingerdjupet Subbasin, Norwegian Barents Sea

Sandy clinothems are of interest as hydrocarbon reservoirs but there is no proven, economic, clinothem reservoir in the Norwegian Barents Sea. We used high‐resolution, 2D and 3D seismic, including proprietary data, to identify a previously untested, Barremian, clinoform wedge in the Fingerdjupet Subbasin (FSB). Data from recent well 7322/7‐1 plus seismic have been used to characterize this wedge and older Lower Cretaceous clinoforms in the FSB. In the latest Hauterivian – early Barremian, during post‐rift tectonic quiescence, shelf‐edge clinoforms (foreset height > 150 m) prograded into an under‐filled basin. Increased sediment input was related to regional uplift of the hinterland (northern Barents Shelf). Early Barremian erosion in the north‐western FSB and mass wasting towards the SE were followed by deposition of delta‐scale (<80 m high), high‐angle (c. 8°) clinoform sets seaward of older shelf‐edge clinoforms. This may be the local expression of a regional, early Barremian, regressive event. By the close of the Barremian, clinoforms had prograded, within a narrow, elongate basin, across the FSB and towards the uplifted Loppa High. A seismic wedge of high‐angle (10–12°), low‐relief, delta‐scale (25–80 m) clinoform sets occurs between shelf‐edge clinoforms to the NW and the uplifted area to the SE. Well 7322/7‐1, positioned on a direct hydrocarbon indicator, <1 km NNW of the high‐angle, low‐relief, delta‐scale clinoforms, found upward coarsening siltstone‐cycles linked to relative sea‐level fluctuations on a marine shelf. Sand may have accumulated, offshore from the well, in high‐angle, low‐relief foresets of the delta‐scale clinothems (which are typical geometries elsewhere interpreted as ‘delta‐scale, sand‐prone subaqueous clinoforms’). Deposition was controlled by the paleosurface, storms and longshore currents on an otherwise mud‐dominated shelf. The study highlights challenges associated with exploration for sandstone reservoirs in seismic wedges on an outer shelf.
Comprehensive Use of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Identifies Adults With Congenital Heart Disease at Increased Mortality Risk in the Medium Term

Background— Parameters of cardiopulmonary exercise testing were recently identified as strong predictors of mortality in adults with congenital heart disease. We hypothesized that combinations of cardiopulmonary exercise testing parameters may provide optimal prognostic information on midterm survival in this population. Methods and Results— A total of 1375 consecutive adult patients with congenital heart disease (age, 33±13 years) underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing at a single center over a period of 10 years. Peak oxygen consumption (peak V[Combining Dot Above]O2), ventilation per unit of carbon dioxide production (V[Combining Dot Above]E/V[Combining Dot Above]CO2 slope), and heart rate reserve were measured. During a median follow-up of 5.8 years, 117 patients died. Peak V[Combining Dot Above]O2, heart rate reserve, and V[Combining Dot Above]E/V[Combining Dot Above]CO2 slope were related to midterm survival in adult patients with congenital heart disease. Risk of death increased with lower peak V[Combining Dot Above]O2 and heart rate reserve. A higher V[Combining Dot Above]E/V[Combining Dot Above]CO2 slope was also related to increased risk of death in noncyanotic patients, whereas the V[Combining Dot Above]E/V[Combining Dot Above]CO2 slope was not predictive of mortality in cyanotic patients. The combination of peak V[Combining Dot Above]O2 and heart rate reserve provided the greatest predictive information after adjustment for clinical parameters such as negative chronotropic agents, age, and presence of cyanosis. However, the incremental value of these exercise parameters was reduced in patients with peak respiratory exchange ratio <1.0. Conclusions— Cardiopulmonary exercise testing provides strong prognostic information in adult patients with congenital heart disease. Prognostication should be approached differently, depending on the presence of cyanosis, use of rate-lowering medications, and achieved level of exercise. We provide 5-year survival prospects based on cardiopulmonary exercise testing parameters in this growing population.
3D modeling of the magnetization of superconducting rectangular-based bulks and tape stacks

In recent years, numerical models have become popular and powerful tools to investigate the electromagnetic behavior of superconductors. One domain where this advances are most necessary is the 3D modeling of the electromagnetic behavior of superconductors. For this purpose, a benchmark problem consisting of superconducting cube subjected to an AC magnetic field perpendicular to one of its faces has been recently defined and successfully solved. In this work, a situation more relevant for applications is investigated: a superconducting parallelepiped bulk with the magnetic field parallel to two of its faces and making an angle with the other one without and with a further constraint on the possible directions of the current. The latter constraint can be used to model the magnetization of a stack of high-temperature superconductor tapes, which are electrically insulated in one direction. For the present study three different numerical approaches are used: the Minimum Electro-Magnetic Entropy Production (MEMEP) method, the Hformulation of Maxwell’s equations and the Volume Integral Method (VIM) for 3D eddy currents computation. The results in terms of current density profiles and energy dissipation are compared, and the differences in the two situations of unconstrained and constrained current flow are pointed out. In addition, various technical issues related to the 3D modeling of superconductors are discussed and information about the computational effort required by each model is provided. This works constitutes a concrete result of the collaborative effort taking place within the HTS numerical modeling community and will hopefully serve as a stepping stone for future joint investigations.
Effect of follow-up management based on PDCA circulation combined with PIO in diabetic patients complicated with non-alcoholic fatty liver

Objective To evaluate the effect of follow-up management based on PDCA circulation combined with PIO(Problem,Intervention,Outcome) in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients complicated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). Methods Totally 208 T2DM patients complicated with NAFLD were randomly divided into two groups.The patients in the control group received routine follow-up management.In addition,patients in the experimental group received follow-up management based on PDCA circulation combined with PIO.Results The patients' mastery of disease related knowledge,self-care behaviors and biochemical indexes in the experimental group were significantly better than those of control group at 3 and 6 month after intervention(P0.05). Conclusion The follow-up management based on PDCA circulation combined with PIO is a patient-centered and interactive model,which can effectively improve the patients' clinical outcomes,improve the patients' self care behaviors and quality of life.
Screening for exonic mutation L444P in Indonesian patients with gaucher disease using exons 9–11

Objective: Gaucher disease (GD) is the most common lysosomal storage disorder. It is caused by a deficiency of β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase, encoded by GBA) and its inheritance is autosomal recessive. Analyses of common mutations in GBA have been performed in China, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand, but not previously in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to identify a common exonic mutation in exons 9–11 of GBA in GD patients in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Genetic analysis was performed using blood samples from two GD patients and thirty non-GD patients. Peripheral leukocyte samples were collected at the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. The polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify exons 9–11 of the GBA gene using specific primers, then the product was digested with Nci I restriction enzyme, and the sequence confirmed by sequence analysis. Results: This identified an L444P mutation located in exon 10. This missense mutation changes amino acid 483 of GCase from leucine to proline and is categorized as a pathogenic variant. Conclusion: This identification of the L444P mutation adds to a database for determining the prevalence of GD in Indonesia. However, further research is needed to ascertain the impact of the L444P mutation on the structure of GCase and to explore any mutations in the other exons.
Predictors of 3-month mortality in elderly patients visiting the emergency department: A retrospective cohort study

Objective: Various studies have documented the cases of failure to thrive among elderly patients following admission to the emergency department (ED), leading to early mortality. However, studies determining the predictors of 3-month mortality in elderly patients visiting the ED in Indonesia are lacking. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed using secondary data of elderly patients in the ED at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital between September 2016 and January 2017. We gathered 3-month mortality data using medical records and telephone interviews. Functional status decline, cognitive function impairment, polypharmacy, delirium, frailty, hypoalbuminemia, malnutrition risk, and Rapid Emergency Medicine Score were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of mortality. Results: From the 501 patients studied, 36 (7.2%) were lost to follow-up. A total of 465 patients were evaluated, with a median age of 67 years old (60–89). The overall 3-month mortality of elderly patients admitted to the ED was 32.5%. The independent predictors of 3-month mortality obtained from the multivariate analysis were functional status decline (odds ratio [OR]: 3.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63–5.73), polypharmacy (OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.74–4.04), delirium (OR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.26–3.21), and hypoalbuminemia (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.02–3.50). Conclusion: Functional status decline, polypharmacy, delirium, and hypoalbuminemia are independent predictors of 3-month mortality among elderly patients in the ED.
Determination of cancer-associated fibroblast and stromal phenotypes as novel prognostic factors for colorectal carcinomas associated with tumor budding

Objective: Tumor microenvironments consisting of stroma and extracellular matrix play important roles in tumor progression, particularly through the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). It has been suggested that the phenotype of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in stroma might be correlated with the prognosis of patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). We aimed to determine the stromal and CAF types for prognostic determinants of CRCs associated with tumor budding (TB) grade, reflecting EMT. Materials and Methods: Using hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin wax sections from 23 patients with CRC, three stromal and two CAF phenotypes were evaluated, TB grades, invasion depth, lymph node metastases, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were also analyzed as established prognostic determinants. Data were analyzed statistically using the Chi-squared tests. Results: There was a significant association between CAF phenotype and TB grade (P < 0.01). CRC specimens with immature CAF have higher TB grades than the mature phenotype. Nevertheless, a significant association between stroma and TB grade could not be demonstrated. Moreover, high TB grades were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01) and LVI (P < 0.01). However, there were no significant associations between CAF phenotype and either of these prognostic determinants. Conclusion: CAF phenotype could be considered as a prognostic determinant of CRC through its association with TB grade, indicating the role of CAFs in EMT processes. Future studies are required to examine the secretomes of CAFs that play important roles in EMT and determine the prognosis for patients with CRCs.
Correlations between maximum standardized uptake value measured via 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and clinical variables and biochemical indicators in adult lymphoma

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to investigate whether the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) measured by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) could discriminate between aggressive and indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) and correlations between the SUVmax and clinical variables and serum biochemical indicators in adult lymphoma. Methods: A total of 103 patients with lymphoma confirmed by biopsy, pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT scans, and a complete medical record were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Clinical variables that were evaluated included stage, pathological subtype, International Prognostic Index (IPI) score, and Ki-67 index, as well as serum biochemical indicators (e.g., lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] and erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]) and metabolic parameters (e.g., SUVmax of the biopsy site on PET/CT). Correlations between SUVmax and clinical variables and serum biochemical indicators were investigated. Results: Of the 103 patients, 84 had NHL and 19 had Hodgkin lymphoma. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for examining the accuracy of SUVmax with regard to distinguishing between aggressive and indolent NHLs was 0.94 (95% confidence interval: 0.89–0.99), suggesting that SUVmax was a useful predictor of diagnosis. A cutoff value of 8.5 yielded a sensitivity of 76.3% and specificity of 92.0%. The SUVmax mean ± standard deviation of NHL (9.8 ± 6.0, range: 1.8–28.1) was higher than that of HL (7.5 ± 2.8, range: 3.5–13.9) (P = 0.016), but there was no statistically significant difference in SUVmax between NHL and HL (P > 0.05). SUVmax of the biopsy site was strongly positively correlated with Ki-67 index (r = 0.813, P < 0.001) and moderately positively correlated with IPI score (r = 0.332, P = 0.002), but it was not significantly correlated with clinical stage, LDH, or ESR (P > 0.05). Conclusions: 18F-FDG PET/CT may yield reliable measurements of tumor proliferation, and an SUVmax >8.5 may distinguish between aggressive and indolent NHLs. In adults with newly diagnosed lymphoma, SUVmax correlates with Ki-67 index and IPI score.