Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The chemical evolution of galaxies with a variable integrated galactic initial mass function

ABSTRACT Standard analytical chemical evolution modelling of galaxies has been assuming thestellar initial mass function (IMF) to be invariant and fully sampled allowing fractionsof massive stars to contribute even in dwarf galaxies with very low star formationrates (SFRs). Recent observations show the integrated galactic initial mass function(IGIMF) of stars, i.e. the galaxy-wide IMF, to become systematically top-heavy withincreasing SFR. This has been predicted by the IGIMF theory, which is here usedto develop the analytical theory of the chemical evolution of galaxies. This theoryis non-linear and requires the iterative solution of implicit integral equations due tothe dependence of the IGIMF on the metallicity and on the SFR. It is shown thatthe mass–metallicity relation of galaxies emerges naturally, although at low masses thetheoreticalpredictionsoverestimatethe observationsby 0.3–0.4dex. A good agreementwith the observation can be obtained only if gas ﬂows are taken into account. Inparticular, we are able to reproduce the mass–metallicity relation observed by Lee etal. (2006) with modest amounts of infall and with an outﬂow rate which decreasesas a function of the galactic mass. The outﬂow rates required to ﬁt the data areconsiderably smaller than required in models with invariant IMFs.Key words: Stars: abundances – stars: luminosity function, mass function – su-pernovae: general – Galaxies: evolution – Galaxies: dwarf – Galaxies: star clusters:general
Towards the Use of Big Data in Healthcare: A Literature Review

The interest in new and more advanced technological solutions is paving the way for the diffusion of innovative and revolutionary applications in healthcare organizations. The application of an artificial intelligence system to medical research has the potential to move toward highly advanced e-Health. This analysis aims to explore the main areas of application of big data in healthcare, as well as the restructuring of the technological infrastructure and the integration of traditional data analytical tools and techniques with an elaborate computational technology that is able to enhance and extract useful information for decision-making. We conducted a literature review using the Scopus database over the period 2010–2020. The article selection process involved five steps: the planning and identification of studies, the evaluation of articles, the extraction of results, the summary, and the dissemination of the audit results. We included 93 documents. Our results suggest that effective and patient-centered care cannot disregard the acquisition, management, and analysis of a huge volume and variety of health data. In this way, an immediate and more effective diagnosis could be possible while maximizing healthcare resources. Deriving the benefits associated with digitization and technological innovation, however, requires the restructuring of traditional operational and strategic processes, and the acquisition of new skills.
Relationship of Transformational Leadership, Work Culture and Job Satisfaction with Teacher Performance

This study aimed to describe and analyze transformational leadership, work culture, and job satisfaction with teacher performance. It also analyzes the relationship between transformational leadership and work culture, job satisfaction, teacher performance, work culture with teacher performance, job satisfaction with teacher performance, transformational leadership with teacher performance through work culture, transformational leadership with teacher performance through job satisfaction. A quantitative approach with correlational techniques was used to obtain data from a sample of 122 people, by using questionnaire and path analysis, the results showed that there was a direct relationship between transformational leadership and work culture, transformational leadership with job satisfaction, transformational leadership with teacher performance, work culture with teacher performance, job satisfaction with teacher performance and the indirect relationship of transformational leadership with teacher performance through work culture, transformational leadership with teacher performance through job satisfaction.
Accretion Processes of Oceanic Crust in Slow‐spreading Ridges: Plagiogranite Perspective of the Xigaze Ophiolite, South Tibet

Structural and petrological data suggest that the Xigaze ophiolite from the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone (YZSZ) in south Tibet was a typical slow‐spreading ridge. A new field, geochemical, mineral, and U‐Pb zircon dataset of plagiogranite intrusions were used to constrain the dynamic processes of oceanic accretion in this slow‐spreading ridge. Plagiogranites mainly occur as dykes or intrusions intruded into the whole sequence of the ophiolite and have a similar orientation to the dolerite dykes developed in the late stage of detachment faulting. U‐Pb zircon ages of 122–123 Ma were obtained for two types of plagiogranites and associated dolerite dykes. Detailed geochemical and mineralogical examinations suggest that the plagiogranites are the product of low‐pressure (2–3 kbar) fractional crystallization of mid‐ocean ridge basalt‐like magma and unlikely to have been derived from the partial melting of hydrous gabbroic rocks. The complex cross‐cut relationship between the plagiogranites and ophiolite sequence reflects that they are controlled by small discontinued melt lenses rather than a big magma chamber under the ridge axis and reveals multiple injections during the oceanic crust accretion. The formation of plagiogranites possibly reflects the complex characteristic of oceanic accretion at slow‐spreading ridges, time‐dependent on structural (external) and magmatic (internal) processes.
Handgrip Strength and Anthropometry in Parkinson's Disease at Diagnosis

Objectives To investigate how age, malnutrition, and the level of plasma cortisol and phosphate in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) at time of diagnosis are associated with body composition and handgrip strength in males and females compared to controls. Materials & Methods. This cross-sectional study includes baseline data from a cohort of newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson's disease (N = 75; M/F = 41/34) in the New Parkinsonism in Umeå study (NYPUM). Body Impedance (BIS), handgrip strength (HGS) assessments, and evaluation of risk for malnutrition (Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score) and cognitive performance (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)) were performed at time of PD diagnosis. Results Low fat-free mass index (FFMI), MNA score, and a high Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-total and UPDRS-III) were associated with high daytime levels of P-cortisol in total PD population but not in controls. Partial correlations reveal that high fat mass percent (FM (%)) and low FFMI were associated with older age in males with PD but not females with PD. Risk of malnutrition was associated with P-cortisol in males but not in females with PD (r = −0.511, P=0.001, and n = 41 and r = −0.055, P=0.759, and n = 34, respectively). Multiple linear regressions show that an interaction between P-cortisol and P-phosphate, older age, and high UPDRS-III score were associated with HGS in total patient population and males but not females. Conclusions Age- and disease-associated risk factors that decrease muscle mass and HGS and increase FM (%) in patients with PD differ between males and females by an association with levels of cortisol and phosphate.
Short Communication Genetic Variants of GPX1 and SOD2 and Breast Cancer Risk at the Ontario Site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry

There are several genes that code for enzymes, including various forms of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, that protect the cell against oxidative damage that, in turn, can lead to carcinogenesis. There are a few common genetic polymorphisms in these genes that lead to altered proteins. Three that have been identified are SOD2 Val-9Ala, GPX1 Pro198Leu, and the GPX1 GCG repeat (three alleles with four, five, or six repeats). The SOD2 variant has been associated with increased breast cancer risk in two studies. The GPX1 variants have not been studied with respect to breast cancer, but Pro198Leu has been associated with lung cancer. We conducted a case– control study of these three polymorphisms in incident, invasive breast cancer in Caucasian women under 55. There were 399 cases and 372 controls genotyped, of whom 488 were premenopausal, 208 postmenopausal, and 75 of unknown menopausal status. We were unable to replicate the previously observed association with SOD2 Val-9Ala and also found no association between breast cancer and GPX1 Pro198Leu. However, the allele of GPX1 containing four GCG repeats was significantly associated with breast cancer risk in premenopausal women (odds ratio, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 –2.30 for carriers versus noncarriers). There is a significant trend of increasing risk with increasing number of alleles with four GCG repeats (P 0.03). This variant has not previously been reported to be associated with breast cancer.
A Review of the Impacts of Climate Change on Tourism in the Arid Areas: A Case Study of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China

Tourism is more sensitive and susceptible in global arid regions to climate change than other sectors, and climate change mainly affects the behavior of tourists, selection of tourist destinations, tourism resources, and tourism safety. China’s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) is a representative area of the global arid region. To review its comprehensive impacts of climate change on tourism has indicative significance for the global arid region tourism industry to cope with climate change impacts. On the whole, the impacts of climate change on tourism in the XUAR will coexist with opportunities and challenges both at present and in the future. The XUAR is experiencing or will experience climatic process of warming and wetting. For the tourism climate comfort and extension of suitable travel period, the opportunities far outweigh the risks (high reliability). However, future climate change is expected to have great negative effects on cultural heritages, glacier and snow resources, and agricultural landscapes in arid areas of northwest China (high reliability). The above impacts are potential and long-term, and the measures should be taken as soon as possible to mitigate and adapt to climate change challenges to tourism.
Social Functions of Students’ Translingual Composing in an English-Medium, Second-Grade Classroom

While translingual and translanguaging orientations have been posited as supportive for emergent bilingual children in schools, limited research explores how children in English-medium spaces enact translingual composing practices. Drawing on theorizations of translingual composing as an interactional process, this paper analyzes data from a year-long, qualitative study. It explores how children in a second-grade classroom in an English-medium school composed when invited to use multiple language resources during Writing Workshop. Specially, it examines two questions: (1) What translingual composing practices did children employ? and (2) How did children's use of translingual composing function socially? Descriptive analyses of students’ writing show that, across the year, children created increasingly sophisticated translingual texts. Inductive analyses of events involving these texts identified six social functions that children interactionally constructed for their translingual writing: (1) responding to the teacher, (2) addressing bilingual audiences, (3) gaining peers’ attention, (4) teaching others a language beyond English, (5) positioning oneself as a language learner, and (6) positioning oneself as bilingual. These patterns illustrate the composing-oriented, peer-oriented, and identity-oriented work children enacted, in-the-moment, through their talk about translingual texts. Translingual texts became the occasion for new sorts of interactions that opened space for students to negotiate ideologies and positionings that valued the use of multiple named languages in the classroom writing space.
Does the elderly’s private pension ownership intensify aggregate equity demand? Empirical evidence in the US

ABSTRACT In this paper, we investigate how the old generation income structure affects aggregate equity purchases, using Flows of Funds Accounts and Survey of Consumer Finances. Our results suggest that the risk aversion that increases with age could be modified to incorporate the old’s pension ownership. In particular, private pension income to elder households are related to increased aggregate equity purchases, even considering other pension and all other income. In this sense, private pensions are a ‘stepping-stone’ to increased equity investment in US households.
Mathematical methods for analysis swimming at low Reynolds number

This thesis is devoted to the mathematical study of the swimming at low Reynolds number. The controllability and the optimal problems associated with the displacement of micro- swimmers are the main points developed in this work. In the first part, we study the controllability and the optimal control problem in time associated with a reduced model of swimmers, called the"N-link swimmer". In the second part, we study the boundary effect on the controllability of particular micro-swimmers made by several balls linked each others by thin jacks. Firstly, we analyze the effect of a plane wall on the mobility of these swimmers. Then, we generalize these results where the wall is rough. We demonstrate that a controllable swimmer remains controllable in a half space delimited by a wall (plane or rough) whereas the reachable set of a non controllable one is increased by the presence of a wall. The last part is devoted to provide a general framework to study optimal controllability of driftless swimmers. We focus on the study of optimal strokes i.e. periodic shape changes. More precisely, we are interested in the existence of optimal strokes, minimizing or maximizing various cost functionals, qualitative properties of the optimal strokes, regularity and monotony of the value functions.
The Multi-Period Surgical Scheduling with Capacity Constraint: A Mathematical Modelling Approach

This research proposes a mathematical model for multi-period surgical scheduling problem with capacity constraint over a particular time horizon. The goal is to schedule a list of patients who must undergo various kinds of operations by different eligible hospitals. In particular, each operation must be performed in a particular time period and different operations of one patient can be performed by different eligible hospitals. In addition, each hospital has limited surgery capacity for each time period. The problem is formulated with a multi-objective model using the weighted sum approach of two objectives: minimization of makespan and minimization of total least preference assignment score. The experiment is executed using the simulated data according to the real treatments of cleft lip and palate patients. The results show that the model yield the correct assignment and operation sequence respected to all constraints. Thus, this proposed mathematical model can be further used as smart decision tool in surgical scheduling in hospital network.
Design and Analysis of a Biped Leg to Survive High-Impact Falls

Humans have a remarkable agility and can perform explosive and dynamic motions such as walking, running, jumping and landing. This is in part due to the ability to handle large magnitude ground reaction forces (GRF) in conjunction with outstanding control capabilities of our body. On the other hand robotic bipedal systems have shown limited capabilities. Therefore, performing comparable levels of athleticism and robustness to perform explosive actions as humans, is still a challenge for bipedal systems. In this thesis work we present our efforts to extend the capabilities of bipedal systems to include the ability to perform high impact drop jumps. We define drops jumps as the action starting at a given height above ground, followed by a free-fall phase, and finished by impacting the ground feet first. As a proof of concept we focused on the development of a novel mechanical design of a single robotic leg. Our proposed mechanical design minimizes the overall mass and inertia of the leg, augment actuators’ power and implement an impact attenuation system based on a fiberglass leaf spring and a semi-active magneto-rheological damper. A 3D CAD model of the final mechanical design was built, which was further used to develop a comprehensive simulation model of the leg in Matlab’s Simscape environment. We draw inspiration from biomechanics and implement an impedance control to perform simulated drop jump experiments. Optimization techniques are used to find optimal gains for the impedance control. Simulation results show the importances and usefulness of having a physical damping mechanism on the leg to perform safe and controllable drop jumps from heights greater than 3 meters. The results of this thesis are intended to be used in the development of a bipedal robot that is capable of dynamic walking, running, and other high impact motions such as drop jumping. In addition to the work on legged robot, we also report preliminary results on the implementation of a nano aerial vehicle testbed for advance control algorithms. The proposed testbed was developed around the open-source Crazyflie Nano Quadcopter by Bitcraze. A motion capture arena is used to track the global position of the quadcopter. The a position trajectory tracking controller was implemented. Trajectory tracking experiments demonstrate the current capability of the proposed control framework to track trajectories within 10cm. Thesis supervisor: Koushil Sreenath Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering
PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN SIRIH (Piper Betle L) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus Aureus DAN Escherichia Coil DENGAN METODE DIFUSI DISK

Sirih (Piper betle L.) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman obat yang banyak manfaatnya. Beberapa daerah di Indonesia memanfaatkan tanaman sirih sebagai obat tradisional karena berkhasiat untuk menyembuhkan beberapa infeksi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun sirih terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Bakteri ini dipilih sebagai uji mengingat banyaknya kasus infeksi di peternakan yang disebabkan oleh keduanya. Uji kepekaan kuman terhadap ekstrak daun sirih ini diamati melalui metode difusi disk, penelitian ini menggunakan lima perlakuan yaitu kontrol pelarut, ekstrak daun sirih dengan konsentrasi 2,5; 5 dan 10% serta antibiotika yang diletakkan pada sebuah cawan petri berisi media MHA yang telah diinokulasi dengan bakteri uji dengan standart Mc Farland 0,5. Setelah itu diinkubasi pada suhu 37°C selama 24 jam. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak tujuh kali. Reaksi hambatan pertumbuhan bakteri oleh ekstrak daun sirih maupun antibiotika ditunjukkan oleh terbentuknya daerah jernih (clear zone) yang mengitari kertas disk pada media MHA, daerah jernih tersebut diukur sebagai diameter daya hambat. Data hasil penelitian dianalisa secara statistik dengan One Way Anova, bila terdapat pengaruh yang nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test dengan taraf kepercayaan satu persen. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun sirih dan antibiotika berpengaruh sangat nyata (P < 0,01) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus maupun Escherichia coli. Pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dapat dihambat oleh ekstrak daun sirih 2,5; 5 dan 10% dengan daya hambat yang jauh lebih baik dibandingkan dengan antibiotika Oxacillin. Diameter daya hambat masing-masimg berturut-turut adalah 27,14; 28,28 dan 29,28 mm Sedangkan antibiotika Oxacillin adalah 20,29 mm. Pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dapat dihambat oleh ekstrak daun sirih 2,5; 5 dan 10% dengan ukuran diameter daya hambat masing-masing sebesar 10,00; 9,420 dan 10,57 mm. Hasil penghambatan pertumbuhan yang ditunjukkan oleh antibiotika Sulfonamide jauh lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ekstrak daun sirih dengan diameter daya hambat sebesar 26,21 mm. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ekstarak daun sirih berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus maupun Escherichia coil sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai antibakteri.
Asssited Robust Reward Design

Real-world AI systems often need complex reward functions. When we deﬁne the problem the AI needs to solve, we pretend that an engineer speciﬁes this complex reward exactly and it is set in stone from then on. In practice, however, reward design is an iterative process: the engineer designs a reward, eventually encounters an environment where the reward incentivizes the wrong behavior, revises the reward, and repeats until convergence. What would it mean to rethink AI to formally account for this iterative nature of reward design? We propose that the AI system needs to not take the speciﬁed reward for granted, but rather have uncertainty about what the reward is, and account for the future iterations as future evidence it will receive. We contribute an AI-assisted reward design method that speeds up the design process by taking control over this future evidence: rather than letting the designer eventually encounter environments that require re-vising the reward, the system actively exposes the designer to the environments that have the most potential to narrow down what the reward should be. We test this method in an autonomous driving task, and ﬁnd that it more quickly improves the car’s behavior in held-out environments, and iteratively proposes environments that are ”edge cases” for the current reward.
Smartphone Use and Addiction among Secondary School Students in Kuantan, Malaysia

Background: Smartphone addiction has become a social problem in Malaysia as smartphone users increase drastically. Previous study revealed that smartphone addiction has a negative effect on the physical and psychosocial of a human being. Aims: This study aims to examine smartphone use and addiction among secondary school students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was employed involving 203 secondary school children at a secondary school in Malaysia. A set of a questionnaire consisting of two parts was used; (1) Part A: Sociodemographic, (2) Part B: Smartphone Addiction Scale in Malay version (SAS-M). Results: Finding from this study showed that there was a long duration of smartphones use was detected during the weekend with more than three hours per day and social media (81.8%) was the frequently visited function in the smartphones. These group of students were not addicted to smartphones, however, more than half of the students (57.6%) have a high risk of smartphones addiction. There is also a significant negative weak correlation between smartphone use and smartphone addiction during weekday and weekend with (p < 0.05; r2 -0.354, -0.360), respectively. Conclusion: This study provides insight into the use of smartphone and smartphone addiction in secondary school students from a Malaysian perspective.