Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Little History of Science

Science is fantastic. It tells us about the infinite reaches of space, the tiniest living organism, the human body, the history of Earth. People have always been doing science because they have always wanted to make sense of the world and harness its power. From ancient Greek philosophers through Einstein and Watson and Crick to the computer-assisted scientists of today, men and women have wondered, examined, experimented, calculated, and sometimes made discoveries so earthshaking that people understood the world - or themselves - in an entirely new way. This inviting book tells a great adventure story: the history of science. It takes readers to the stars through the telescope, as the sun replaces the earth at the centre of our universe. It delves beneath the surface of the planet, charts the evolution of chemistry's periodic table, introduces the physics that explain electricity, gravity, and the structure of atoms. It recounts the scientific quest that revealed the DNA molecule and opened unimagined new vistas for exploration. Emphasizing surprising and personal stories of scientists both famous and unsung, "A Little History of Science" traces the march of science through the centuries. The book opens a window on the exciting and unpredictable nature of scientific activity and describes the uproar that may ensue when scientific findings challenge established ideas. With delightful illustrations and a warm, accessible style, this is a volume for young and old to treasure together.
Physical Activity of 6-Year-Old Children: Validation of Two Proxy Reports

Heart rate monitoring was used to evaluate the validity and reliability of 2 proxy report measures in assessing moderate to vigorous physical activity (MYPA) in 39 six-year-old children. Significant positive correlations were found between the proxy measures and corresponding heart rate data for school hours and leisure time, respectively (teacher reports, r = .58, p < .001; parent reports, r = .71 to .81, p < .001), but these decreased when each proxy measure was compared with heart rate data collated over a 3-day period (teacher reports, r = .40, p = .01; parent reports, r = .68, p < .001). Repeating the measurements gave a positive test-retest reliability coefficient of r = . 84 (p < .001) and r = . 64 (p < .001) for teacher and parent reports, respectively. The results indicate that both proxy reports can be useful tools in assessing MVPA in young children but that leisure-time activity reports provide a better basis for extrapolation in assessing weekly MVPA.
Neuroprotective strategies in excitotoxic brain injury: potential applications to the preterm brain

Neuronal and oligodendroglial cell death owing to increased glutamate levels plays an important role in the pathophysiology of hypoxic-, ischemic- and inflammation-mediated brain injury as well as in disorders such as epilepsy, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s or Huntington’s disease. In addition, excitotoxic brain injury is known to be a major contributing factor to brain injury in preterm infants. Excitotoxicity is characterized as excessive glutamatergic activation of postsynaptic receptors that consequently leads to cell injury and cell death. The major excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter is glutamate. Glutamate plays a key role in brain development, affecting progenitor cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and survival. In physiological conditions the presence of glutamate in the synapse is regulated by ATP-dependent glutamate transporters in neurons and glial cells, with astrocytes being responsible for a major part of glutamate uptake in the brain. In pathologic circumstances the function of t.
Design Of Low Power And High Speed Inverter

The extensive growth of battery operated devices has made low-power design important in recent years. As electronics are being integrated into portable devices, the demand grows for increased functionality, with reduced size and long battery life. This implies a need to balance ultra-low power with area-efficient design. An obvious way to minimize energy per operation is to decrease VDD. This decreases active power, as well as leakage power, which is affected by DIBL. If VDD is decreased too sharply, however, increased delay time causes the power-delay product (PDP) to rise, can be kept minimum if operated in Subthreshold region. In this paper the advantages of the subthreshold inverter compared to the conventional strong inversion inverter with 90 nm technology in Cadence is presented.
Meyerhold: A Revolution in Theatre

Edward Braun's acclaimed work on Meyerhold available for the first time in paperback Vsevolod Meyerhold began his career in theatre as an actor with the Moscow Art Theatre, and after a spell in the remote provinces, he returned to Moscow at Stanislavski's invitation and founded a new, experimental studio for the Art Theatre. This book takes us through Meyerhold's extraordinary life of experiment and discovery, describing his rehearsal techniques and exercises and provides an acute assessment of his continuing influence on contemporary theatre.
Eradication of established murine mesothelioma tumours by combined immunotherapy

iii TABLE OF CONTENTS. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. xii STATEMENT OF CANDIDATE CONTRIBUTION . xvi ABBREVIATIONS . xvii LIST OF FIGURES . xxi LIST OF TABLES . xxiv PUBLICATIONS AND PROCEEDINGS . xxv Chapter 1 Literature Review . 1 1.
A High Capacity Reversible Multiple Watermarking Scheme - applications to Images, Medical Data, and Biometrics

A High Capacity Reversible Multiple Watermarking Scheme Applications to Images, Medical Data, and Biometrics Behrang Mehrbany Irany Master of Applied Science Graduate Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 2011 Modern technologies have eased the way for intruders and adversaries to bypass the conventional identity authentication and identification processes; hence security systems have been developed to a great extent for protection of privacy and security of identities in different applications. The focus of this thesis is digital watermarking as a part of Digital Rights Management (DRM), security and privacy, as well as the ability to employ electrocardiogram (ECG) as a method to enhance the security and privacy level. The contribution of this work consists of two main parts: An application-specific highcapacity reversible multiple watermarking scheme is introduced in the first part to mainly target the medical images. The proposed data hiding method is designed such that the embedding of sensitive personal information in a generic image without any loss of either the embedded or the host information is possible. Furthermore, in the second part, the use of ECG biometric signals in the form of the embedded watermark is studied. Proposed framework allows embedding of ECG features into the host image while retaining the quality of the image, the performance of the security system and the privacy of the identity. Experimental results indicate that the reversible data hiding scheme outperforms other approaches in the literature in terms of payload capacity and marked image quality. Results from the ECG mark embedding also show that no major degradation in performance is noticeable compared to the case where no watermarking is needed.
Optimization & automatic differentiation in Ada: some practical experience

This paper describes an investigation into the performance of three Ada packages for automatic differentiation. Two of these implement the forward accumulation approach while the third employs reverse accumulation. Each package is used to provide gradient information required by a number of optimization calculations, including examples of unconstrained, constrained and least-squares problems. The results show how automatic differentiation methods can be influenced in practice by the size, complexity and sparsity of a problem. They also demonstrate ways in which the methods should interface with different types of optimization procedure. Finally, and perhaps most significantly, the results show how the performance of automatic differentiation codes can depend on hardware and system software considerations that are sometimes ignored by numerical mathematicians. A subsidiary aim of this paper is to provide a “shop window” for user friendly forms of automatic differentiation. The underlying mathematical ideas.
Analyse syntaxique du français : des constituants aux dépendances

Cet article présente une technique d’analyse syntaxique statistique à la fois en constituants et en dépendances. L’analyse procède en ajoutant des étiquettes fonctionnelles aux sorties d’un analyseur en constituants, entraîné sur le French Treebank, pour permettre l’extraction de dépendances typées. D’une part, nous spécifions d’un point de vue formel et linguistique les structures de dépendances à produire, ainsi que la procédure de conversion du corpus en constituants (le French Treebank) vers un corpus cible annoté en dépendances, et partiellement validé. D’autre part, nous décrivons l’approche algorithmique qui permet de réaliser automatiquement le typage des dépendances. En particulier, nous nous focalisons sur les méthodes d’apprentissage discriminantes d’étiquetage en fonctions grammaticales.
Improving Dynamic Navigation Algorithms

Navigation algorithms for advanced autonomous vehicles, such as an unmanned automobile or airplane, require improved response times to complete numerous tasks that are still only imagined. Existing navigation algorithms tend to be incremental, do not take full advantage of accumulated information to compute a next move, and tend to be too eager in recomputing much information when a new optimal path must be found. The result is unnecessary per-round state recalculations that slow the algorithms considerably. The formalization of a general framework for dynamic planning algorithms, aimed at eliminating such recalculations by considering the relationship between optimal solutions between rounds, is proposed. The framework is based on our successful work which improved the speed of the well-known D*lite algorithm by up to eight times. The expected direct result of this research is to improve the performance of navigation algorithms in various terrains. As an example, the framework is applied to the Anytime D* algorithm, a variant of D*Lite, to get a new algorithm, called IAD*, which is an order of magnitude faster than Anytime D*. Moreover, the IAD* algorithm and the AWA* algorithm are combined to form another Anytime variant, and another new dynamic anytime algorithm, called DAWA*, the first dynamic anytime algorithm able to utilize time resource continuously. These improvements show the extensibility and robustness of the proposed framework.
Multimedia extensions for a 550-MHz RISC microprocessor

This paper describes circuits used to implement the motion video instructions (MVI) in the 550-MHz Alpha 21 164PC Microprocessor. The chip is fabricated in a 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process and is the first implementation of the MVI instruction set in the Alpha architecture. The MVI instruction set, coupled with the high performance of the 550-MHz processor, delivers 30 frames/s digital video disk (DVD) playback with stereo-quality audio, enables video teleconferencing at 30 frames/s, and significantly improves the performance of MPEG encode algorithms.
Good Quality Discussion Is Necessary but Not Sufficient in Asynchronous Tuition: A Brief Narrative Review of the Literature.

Online learning is a growing field of education with a corresponding increase in the use of asynchronous discussion. Asynchronous discussion is a form of interaction that is mediated rather than direct and where there is a time lag in the interactions between discussants. In this paper we conducted a brief narrative review of the literature on asynchronous discussion. We argue, initially, that discussion is necessary, but not sufficient, for successful pedagogic outcomes and more so in the case of online learning. We identified agreement in the literature on what can be considered the key factors for successful asynchronous discussion.
An Innovative Media for Testing Visual Acuity

The visual acuity test is a routine part of an eye examination or general physical examination, particularly if there is a change in vision or a problem with vision. In most places, the Snellen chart is used to test visual acuity in humans. The Snellen chart relies on viewing the letters or symbols from a certain distance, usually 20 feet away. Human visual acuity is then determined by the smallest letter on the chart he/she is able to identify from that viewing distance. This testing method requires a room with enough viewing distance. With the advent of new technology, computerized visual acuity testing has been proposed and used in some clinical applications. The researchers propose an innovative media to measure visual acuity in human. A hybrid image is an image that changes its meaning according to the viewing distance. It is an image composed of two different spatial frequencies; high and low spatial frequency. Based on the contrast sensitivity function, the best viewing spatial frequency is changed by the viewing distance. With this assumption, we propose the use of hybrid image as a tool to test human visual acuity. From the experiment, it was found that the hybrid images can discriminate between patients with vision problems and patients with normal vision, and that the difference detected is statistically significant.
Using of Natural Language Processing Techniques in Suicide Research

It is estimated that each year many people, most of whom are teenagers and young adults die by suicide worldwide. Suicide receives special attention with many countries developing national strategies for prevention. Since, more medical information is available in text, Preventing the growing trend of suicide in communities requires analyzing various textual resources, such as patient records, information on the web or questionnaires. For this purpose, this study systematically reviews recent studies related to the use of natural language processing techniques in the area of people’s health who have completed suicide or are at risk. After electronically searching for the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases and studying articles by two reviewers, 21 articles matched the inclusion criteria. This study revealed that, if a suitable data set is available, natural language processing techniques are well suited for various types of suicide related research.
DCT-Based Quarter-pel Interpolation: A Frontier Method for ME in HEVC

The new demands for high-definition and high resolution video applications are pushing the development of new techniques in the video coding area. Motion estimation (ME) is one of the key elements in video coding standard which eliminates the temporal redundancies between successive frames. In the recent international video coding standards, sub-pixel ME is proposed for its excellent coding performance. DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) has been widely used for digital signal processing and multimedia applications, especially video codec. In regards to interpolation for motion estimation and compensation, the conventional HEVC employs 8-tap and 4-tap filters for luma and chroma samples respectively. Coefficients in such filters are determined by DCT. This paper presents and implements the DCT-based Quarter-pixel Interpolation filter for motion estimation and compression of HEVC standard using Matlab.
trustBT Ensuring a Secure Execution Environment in User Space Using the fastBT Framework

In the days of zero-day exploits and automated exploitation of software vulnerabilities the need for proactive protection mechanisms against unknown vulnerabilities increases. Dynamic binary translation is a promising technology for many application areas and can also be used for implementing a secure execution environment to secure software execution during runtime. This thesis focuses on exploring conceptionally how dynamic binary translation can be used in the area of software security. To proof the concepts trustBT was developed as an extension to secuBT both based on the fastBT dynamic binary translation framework. trustBT mainly adds a policy-based system call sandbox which allows to easily restrict programs on a system call level. The policy-based approach allows to express strict limitations in a flexible way. trustBT allows to execute untrusted binaries or to restrict the damage potential of malicious code executed in the context of a trusted binary. The additional overhead introduced by the system call verification is low. Additional protection mechanisms implemented by secuBT help protecting a program against exploitation of unknown vulnerabilities. All the protection mechanisms are deployed without kernel modifications or recompilation of the program.
The Mathematical Basis of the Adaptive Implicit Method

The adaptive implicit method is described which enables a reservoir simulator to choose the degree of implicitness in a grid block to guarantee stability. The mathematical procedure involves labeling the implicit/explicit mix of unknowns and then composing the matrix problem. The technique can be applied to any simulation problem involving N unknowns. The advantage is substantial reduction in computing time and storage requirements compared to fully implicit formulations. 7 refs.
Computational modeling of laser thrombolysis for stroke treatment

Many aspects of the physical processes involved in a pulsed laser interacting with an occlusion in the intra-cranial vascular system, e.g., a blood clot, are included in the simulation codes LATIS and LATIS3D. Laser light propagation and thermo-mechanical effects on the occlusion can be calculated by these codes. The hydrodynamic response uses a realistic equation of state which includes melting and evaporation. Simple material strength and failure models now included in these codes are required to describe clot breakup. The goal is to ascertain the feasibility of laser thrombolysis, and to help optimize the laser parameters for such therapy. In this paper detailed numerical results for laser interaction with water is considered as an initial model for laser thrombolysis of soft blood clots which have high water content. Three regimes of water response to increasing laser energy are considered: (1) the linear stress pulse, (2) the nonlinear evaporation bubble, and (3) the nonlinear inertial bubble. It is shown that later in time the inertial bubble evolves into a slowly growing cavitation bubble. More physical processes will be added in the near future to better model realistic occlusion-vessel wall geometries.
Bound Morpheme Frequencies in the Performance of Iranian English Language Undergraduates and English Language Materials Developers in Written Descriptive Tasks

This mini-corpus, cross-linguistic, comparative, and norm-referenced study intends to render the most frequently and oft-used affixes in the written descriptive tasks in the performance of English language materials developers (ELMDs) and Iranian English language undergraduates (IELUs). Samples of writings of both groups were studied and analyzed through affixation principles. The frequency of nearly 63 affixes both inflectional and derivational morphemes was taken into account. The statistical analysis showed a highly significant correlation (.86) with (.75) coefficient determination (shared variance) between the performance of IELUs and ELMDs. The result of the study bears approximately a close resemblance to the findings by Bauer et al.(1982), Fry and Kress (2006), Honig, Diamond, Gutlohn, and Mahler (2000), and White, Sowell, and Yanagihara (1989). Finally, the implications of the study were taken into account.
Policy Changes in Medicare Home Health Care: Challenges to Providing Family-Centered, Community-Based Care for Older Adults

The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (BBA) established new reimbursement systems in the Medicare home health fee-for-service benefit. Reimbursements were reduced to 1993 levels and per-beneficiary capitated limits were introduced for the first time. This article analyzes the impact of these changes on chronically ill older adults and their families. The study combined a secondary analysis of the Provider of Service file (1996, 1999, 2002, and the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (1996, 1998) with qualitative interviews of home health agency directors. The greatest decreases in staff and visits were for medical social work and home health aide services. Patients with caregivers saw greater decreases in visits and reimbursements for all visits, skilled nursing, medical social work, and home health aide visits. Agency directors reported that they increased caregiver education, training, and involvement in care in order to discharge patients sooner. Additional research is needed to understand the long-term, adverse impact of these policy changes on chronically ill patients and their families.
Complex SAR Image Compression Using Entropy-Constrained Dictionary Learning and Universal Trellis Coded Quantization

In this paper, an Entropy-constrained dictionary learning algorithm (ECDLA) is introduced for efficient compression of Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) complex images. ECDLA RI encodes the Real and imaginary parts of the images using ECDLA and sparse representation, and ECDLA AP encodes the Amplitude and phase parts respectively. When compared with the compression method based on the traditional Dictionary learning algorithm (DLA), ECDLA RI improves the Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) up to 0.66dB and reduces the Mean phase error (MPE) up to 0.0735 than DLA RI. With the same MPE, ECDLA AP outperforms DLA AP by up to 0.87dB in SNR. Furthermore, the proposed method is also suitable for real-time applications.
Detecting Faults by Tracing Companion States in Cloud Computing Systems

A common way to construct a fault model is injecting the fault into the system and observing the subsequent symptoms,e.g.event logs.However,fault features would vary during the propagation period,and present different symptoms at different stage of the fault propagation process.The exiting detection window based feature extraction methods can only identify the early symptoms of a fault,but fail to detect the latter symptoms and cause false alarms.To solve the problem,we present a fault feature extraction method,called Companion State Tracer(CSTracer),which consists of 3 integrated steps:(1) pre-process logs to remove the unrelated logs;(2) construct a general identifier for the early symptoms of a fault;(3) construct a finite state machine model for the fault to trace the latter symptoms.CSTracer can persistently monitor a fault after the fault has been identified.We have justified the effectiveness of CSTracer in an enterprise cloud system.Compared with the existing,the results show that CSTracer has a better detection accuracy.
Real-time video mosaicking of the ocean floor

This research proposes a method for the creation of real-time video mosaics of the ocean floor. New vision processing hardware is the enabling technology which makes real-time video mosaicking conceivable. A complete system has been developed to create mosaics from a single camera source. The mosaicking system was tested using a remotely operated vehicle. The test was targeted to determine the capabilities of the system in an actual scientific marine setting. The chief concerns were whether marine snow and nonuniform lighting of the field of view would hinder mosaic creation. Several mosaics of portions of a brachiopod field were successfully created.