Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using logistic regression to predict the risk of depression among parents who have lost a child through suicide

In this paper we use data from a survey study among 666 parents who have lost a child through suicide between the years 2004-2007. We create a dichotomised indicator variable for the prevalence of moderate to severe depression and, with the purpose of predicting the risk of depression among these parents, we fit two different logistic regression models. The first, and simpler, model is to be used in a direct manner, mainly containing predictors that are easy to measure and known at the time of loss of the child, or at least quite constant over time. The second, and more complex model, contains predictors that may be influenced by mood, and that may be unknown at the time of loss. Hence the second model is harder to interpret, and, rather than to be used in a direct manner like the first model, it has a hypothesisgenerating purpose for future research. The two fitted models have good predictive qualities within the dataset, but they remain to be tested on new observations. Some effects may be underestimated due to influential observations. ∗Postal address: Mathematical Statistics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Sweden. E-mail:ida.hed. myrberg@gmail.com . Supervisor: Tom Britton.
The Supply and Demand for Audiologists : Preliminary Modeling and Analyses

As the average age of the country is rising, so too is the demand for health care services geared to an aging population. Recent data analysis has predicted that the supply of audiologists will not be enough to cover the rising demand in the next 30 years. This paper analyzes the market for audiologists to establish determinants of supply and demand. An instrumental variable and 2 stage least squares regression technique are employed to consistently estimate both supply and demand. There are three main findings in the analysis. 1. Demand for audiologists is price elastic while supply is relatively price inelastic. 2. Costco Hearing Centers have become a substitute for hearing aid testing and fitting services and their entrants into the market are decreasing the demand for audiologists. 3. The most significant determinant of supply are academic variables, specifically the number of audiology programs available to students. This is in agreement with work done by Windmill and Freeman (2013, 2017) and suggests a need for a change in the structure of audiology programs in order to ensure the stability of the audiology profession.
ULTRA-LOW PHASE NOISE MICROWAVE EXTRACTION FROM MODE-LOCKED LASERS

Ultra-low phase noise microwave extraction from mode-locked lasers. This project was undertaken to design a balanced optical-microwave phase detector (BOMPD) for sub-femtosecond synchronization between optical and microwave sources. Those hybrid phase detectors form a constituent part of a large-scale synchronization system for future free-electron lasers (e.g. the European XFEL). The goal is achieved with 0.5 fs RMS jitter integrated from 1 Hz to 20 kHz. Furthermore, a microwave interferometric phase noise measurement system was created for high precision characterization of the synchronization system. Erzeugung von Mikrowellen mit extrem niedrigem Phasenrauschen mittels modengekoppelter Laser. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Entwicklung von Phasendetektoren für die Synchronisation von ultrakurzen Laserpulsen und Mikrowellengeneratoren (BOMPD) mit einer SubFemtosekunden-Präzision. Der BOMPD ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil des Synchronisationssystems für zukünftige Freie-Elektronen Laser wie z.B. der European XFEL. Die Synchronisation durch die BOMPD-Phasenregelschleife erzielte ein Jitter von 0,5 fs (quadratischer Mittelwert). Weiterhin wurde eine interferometrische Messaparatur zur hochpräzisen Charakterisierung des Phasenrauschens im Synchronisationssystem realisiert.
P 5 . 17 ICE NUCLEATION EXPERIMENTS AT SIMULATED CLOUD CONDITIONS

Ice nucleation (IN) plays a key role in the formation of cirrus clouds or the initiation of precipitation in lower tropospheric clouds. It can occur either by homogeneous freezing of pure water and solution droplets below about – 35°C (Koop et al., 2000: Pruppacher and Klett, 1997), or be heterogeneously induced by so-called ice nuclei (Vali, 1996). A quantitative description of the ice nucleation processes is crucial for a better understanding of formation, life cycles, and optical properties of clouds. The large coolable and evacuable aerosol chamber facility AIDA (aerosol interaction and dynamics in the atmosphere) is used as a cloud chamber to study processes of ice formation at simulated tropospheric cloud conditions. A wide range of temperature, pressure, cooling rate and relative humidity can be established during ice activation experiments covering conditions throughout the troposphere and lower stratosphere under which water clouds, mixed clouds, cirrus clouds, and even Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC) are formed (Nink et al., 2000: Zink et al., 2002). This paper briefly describes major technical components, experimental methods, and results of heterogeneous IN experiments with soot aerosol.
SOIL HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY AND RETENTION CURVES FROM TENSION INFILTROMETER AND LABORATORY DATA

Long term tillage effects may be characterized on the basis of changes in soil surface hydraulic properties. These properties directly influence infiltration as well as the movement of soil water to the surface during drying. We measured surface soil hydraulic properties on no-till (NT) and conventional (stubble mulch) tillage (CT) plots, each of which was farmed with either a wheat-sorghum-fallow (WSF) or a wheat-fallow (WF) rotation. The plots had been in the same treatments for 12 years. Tension infiltrometers were used to measure steady state infiltration rates at four heads, h (nominally -2.0, -1.5, -1.0, and -0.5 kPa, applied in that order), resulting in estimates of hydraulic conductivity, K(h). Both single and multiple-reservoir infiltrometers were constructed. The multiple-reservoir infiltrometer allowed completion of infiltration to steady state at four tensions without disturbance of the flow regime or of soil contact due to refilling of reservoirs. Hanging water column and pressure plate techniques were used to measure soil water retention values, (h), on undisturbed core samples. The parameter was not well estimated by a nonlinear optimization used to find the parameters Ks and in Wooding’s equation for steady-state flow; so was estimated as the mean of values satisfying Wooding’s equation for any two tensions and flow rates. The K(h) and (h) data were fitted to Mualem’s and van Genuchten’s forms for the hydraulic conductivity and retention curves, respectively, using the RETC program (r 0.99). The fitted water retention curves showed marked differences between NT and CT treatments. The more dense NT soils exhibited a more gradual reduction in water content as tension increased. Fitted values of the saturated water content, s, were close to the values of porosity from bulk density data, except in the case of WSFCT, which gave a fitted s of 0.52, somewhat below the porosity of 0.56. The saturated water content was significantly lower (P = 0.10) for NT than for CT. For NT plots, s was significantly lower for WSF than for WF. Bulk density was significantly greater for NT than for CT, and significantly greater for WSF than for WF. For WSF rotations, saturated K was significantly greater for CT than for NT, but not in WF rotations. The overall fitted K(h) curves showed that K was greater in CT than in NT for both WF and WSF rotations over most of the water content range from 0.1 to 0.5 m m. These results indicate that greater runoff would be expected under no tillage.
Modelling the pathways of transport of krill in the Scotia Sea : spatial and environmental connections generating the seasonal distribution of krill

A coupled physical-biological model analysis was undertaken to examine the seasonal development of the distribution of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana) in the Scotia Sea. The origin and fate of krill observed during the CCAMLR 2000 Synoptic Survey was studied using output from the Ocean Circulation and Climate Advanced Modelling Project (OCCAM) model. Lagrangian particle tracking for the period prior to the survey showed the expected dominance of the west to east flow of material associated with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), but there was no simple association of particle transport with any one of the fronts of the ACC. Consideration of the pathways of krill transport with satellite derived sea-ice distributions showed that particles that were present in the high krill biomass regions in January would have come from areas that were covered by sea-ice during late winter/early spring (September-October). The results of Eulerian grid-based simulations of the development of the biomass distribution after the survey period showed transport of particles around South Georgia, probably in association with the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front (SACCF), however, a lot of the krill encountered in the east of the Scotia Sea would have exited towards the east, passing north of the South Sandwich Islands, probably in association with the Southern Boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (SB). Simulations of particle tracks that included diurnal vertical migration showed that krill behaviour could modify the pathway of transport, although the current flows will dominate the movement of krill in open ocean regions.
Dividend Tax Thresholds and Extreme Bunching∗

In this paper, I use panel data of all Finnish privately held corporations and their main owners to study how business owners respond to dividend taxes. By studying the effects of dividend tax schedule discontinuities on place in 2006– 2016, I find exceptionally clear dividend responses to tax rates, implying taxable income elasticities between 0.5–3.6. The results indicate that majority of the payment response is due to inter-temporal income-smoothing or income-shifting across income bases, while changes in the tax schedule did not cause significant real responses in output or investment. JEL classification codes: G20, H21, H24, H25
Dietary patterns and depressive symptoms across different countries and ethnicities living in Europe

Background: Evidence is contradictory for the relationship between unhealthy ‘Western’ dietary patterns and depressive symptoms. Objective: We examined whether high-sugar and high-saturated fat dietary patterns are associated with depressive symptoms over 5 years in a British cohort of men and women. Methods: We used data from the Whitehall II study for 5,044 individuals (aged 35-55 years). Diet was assessed at phase 7 (2003-2004) using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived using reduced rank regression with sugar, saturated fat and total fat as response variables. The Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) was used to assess depressive symptoms (CES-D sum score ≥16 and/or use of antidepressant medication) at phase 7 and at phase 9 (2008-2009). Results: In total, 398 cases of recurrent and 295 cases of incident depressive symptoms were observed. We identified two dietary patterns: a combined high-sugar/high-saturated fat (HSHF) and a high-sugar (HS). No association was observed between the dietary patterns and either incidence or recurrent depressive symptoms. For example, higher consumption of the HSHF dietary pattern was not associated with recurrent depressive symptoms in men (model 3, Q4: OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.36, 1.23, p for trend= 0.130) nor in women (model 3, Q4: OR=1.26, 95% CI: 0.58, 2.77, p for trend= 0.973). Conclusions: Among middle-aged men and women living in the UK, dietary patterns containing high amounts of sugar and saturated fat do not appear to be associated with new onset or recurrence of depressive symptoms.
Isolation and Optimization of Diesel-Oil Biodegradation using Cellulosimicrobium cellulans from Tarball

Oil spill introduces hydrocarbons into the marine environment and forms oil slicks, which aggregate with other debris to form tarballs. Tarballs are composed of toxic hydrocarbons, which persist in the environment, causing economic and ecological damages. This work studied the isolation and optimization of diesel-oil biodegradation by an indigenous bacterium, identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, in tarball. An experimental methodology using a Taguchi orthogonal array was applied to optimize the effects of diesel concentration, salinity, nitrate concentration, pH, temperature, agitation speed and time. An isolated bacterium identified as Cellulosimicrobium cellulans removed 88.4% of diesel oil under optimized conditions, where initial diesel-oil concentration was 5% (v/v), NaCl concentration was 20 gL-1 and NH4NO3 concentration was 2 gL-1 in Minimal Salt Media at pH 7, 40oC and 100 revolutions per minute for 5 days. Tarballs harbor hydrocarbon-degrading C. cellulans that can be used under optimized conditions to design an effective oil spill bioremediation technique for mitigating oil pollution.
Effect of Sex on Growth Curve , Production Performance and Carcass Quality of Cherry Valley Ducks

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of sex dimorphism on growth curve, production performance and carcass quality of Cherry valley ducks. Fifteen male and fifteen female ducks were randomly kept in an individual metabolic cage under evaporative cooling system. Ducks were fed with a starter-1 diet (22.00% crude protein [CP], and 2,850 metabolizable energy [ME] kcal/kg) from 1 to 9 days, a start-2 diet (20.00% CP and 2,900 ME kcal/kg) from 10 to 16 days, a grower diet (18.50% CP and 2,900 ME kcal/kg) from 17 to 42 days, and a finisher diet (16.99% CP and 2,950 ME kcal/kg) from 43 to 49 days. Water and feed were offered ad libitum throughout experimental period. The Gompertz model was used to develop the growth curve for male and female ducks. A two-sample t-test was used to compare the effect of sex dimorphism on production performance and carcass quality. The results showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in body weight (BW), average daily gain and feed intake between male and female ducks from 42 days. The accuracy of R2with Gompertz equations was 0.9907 and 0.9857 for male and female ducks, respectively. For carcass quality and internal organs at 49 days of age, male ducks had greater skeleton, breast meat, feet and gizzard (P<0.05), whereas female tended to have greater (P=0.10) skin with subcutaneous fat. In conclusion, since the sex dimorphism of ducks showed significant effect on growth rate from 42 days of age, the separate sex growing should be considered to obtain the uniformity of BW and carcass quality of Cherry Valley ducks.
Risk factors for prostate cancer in West African Men : The Familial Cohort Study

Prostate cancer (CaP) has been identified as the most common cancer among men globally with higher prevalence, incidence and mortality rates in Black men. This study aims to assess the risk factors for CaP among West African men residing in Nigeria, Cameroon and the United States. A validated Prostate Cancer Transatlantic Consortium (CaPTC) familial cohort study questionnaire was used to collect data on the respondents’ characteristics, alcohol consumption pattern, smoking pattern, knowledge of CaP, physical activity level and cancer status. Anthropometric measurements were taken using standard procedures. Data was summarised using descriptive statistics and penalized maximum likelihood logistic regression analysis via Firth method to determine the association between CaP status and independent variables. The results show that 2.21% of the respondents reported to have been diagnosed with CaP. The median age of the respondents was 47 years with 62.21% having poor knowledge of CaP, and 17.11% with central obesity. More than half (62.07%) of the respondents currently drink alcohol, 24.4% are current smokers and 51.5% engage in low physical activity. Number of daughters (OR=1.2435, 95%CI: 1.0045, 1.5393), consistent alcohol drinkers in years (OR=1.0484, 95%CI: 1.0151, 1.0829) and glasses of drink on a typical occasion (OR=1.2145, 95%CI: 1.0560, 1.3968) were associated with CaP status. In the multiple logistic regression, only number of daughters (OR=1.2531, 95%CI: 1.0055, 1.5617) was associated with CaP status. In conclusion, poor knowledge of CaP was observed among the respondents. Alcohol consumption, increased number of glasses of alcohol consumed on typical occasion and increasing number of daughters were associated with CaP status and increased risk of the disease.
CO 2 pressure broadening and shift coefficients for the 2 – 0 band of 12 C 16 O

Fourier transform absorption spectra of the 2–0 band of CO mixed with CO2 have been recorded at total pressures from 156 to 1212 hPa and at 4 different temperatures between 240 K and 283 K. CO2 pressure-induced line broadening and line shift coefficients, and the temperature dependence of the former have been measured including line mixing using a multi-spectrum non-linear least squares fitting technique. Different line shape models have been considered to take into account the Dicke narrowing or speed dependence effects. Measured line-shape parameters were compared with theoretical values, calculated for individual temperatures using a semi-empirical method and the Exponential Power Gap (EPG) law. 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Higher Neural Functions and Behavior Adapting the flow of time with dopamine X

Mikhael JG, Gershman SJ. Adapting the flow of time with dopamine. J Neurophysiol 121: 1748–1760, 2019. First published March 13, 2019; doi:10.1152/jn.00817. 2018. —The modulation of interval timing by dopamine (DA) has been well established over decades of research. The nature of this modulation, however, has remained controversial: Although the pharmacological evidence has largely suggested that time intervals are overestimated with higher DA levels, more recent optogenetic work has shown the opposite effect. In addition, a large body of work has asserted DA’s role as a “reward prediction error” (RPE), or a teaching signal that allows the basal ganglia to learn to predict future rewards in reinforcement learning tasks. Whether these two seemingly disparate accounts of DA may be related has remained an open question. By taking a reinforcement learning-based approach to interval timing, we show here that the RPE interpretation of DA naturally extends to its role as a modulator of timekeeping and furthermore that this view reconciles the seemingly conflicting observations. We derive a biologically plausible, DA-dependent plasticity rule that can modulate the rate of timekeeping in either direction and whose effect depends on the timing of the DA signal itself. This bidirectional update rule can account for the results from pharmacology and optogenetics as well as the behavioral effects of reward rate on interval timing and the temporal selectivity of striatal neurons. Hence, by adopting a single RPE interpretation of DA, our results take a step toward unifying computational theories of reinforcement learning and interval timing.
Examination of AI-2 quorum sensing System in Prevotella bryantii and Prevotella ruminicola-like strains by using bioluminiscence assay

Rumen is an example of a complex microbial ecosystem where extensive intraspecies as well as interspecies cell-cell cross-communication is expected, but little is known about. Four ruminal Prevotella strains, Prevotella bryantii B14, TC1-1 and TF1-3, and P. ruminicola-like strain 223/M2/7A were examined for the presence of AI-2 type quorum sensing systems. Vibrio harveyi BB170 autoinducer bioassay was used in order to detect the production of AI-2 autoinducer in examined strains. Optimization of autoinducer bioassay was made to test the influence of sampling time and the substrate used in chemically defined medium CD on reporter strain luminescence signal. We discovered that AI-2 type qurum sensing system is present in P. ruminicola-like strain 223/M2/7A, which induced more than 74% of reporter strain bioluminescence, regardless of the presence of glucose in chemically defined medium CD. Such induction of bioluminescence was not observed in P. bryantii strains, however.
Brownian Dynamics simulation of macromolecule diffusion in intracellular media

Cellular environment is a complex solution with a high concentration of macromolecules (this is called macromolecular crowding). Macromolecules can interact between them by means of non-specific interactions which have a large quantitative effect on their dynamic and equilibrium properties. In the present work, a Brownian Dynamics code is developed in order to study the effect of non-specific interactions, obstacle size and hydrodynamic interactions in the diffusion coefficient and the anomalous coefficient of a macromolecule diffusing in a crowded media.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours Towards Exclusive Breastfeeding Amongst Mothers in Sarawak, Malaysia: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended as the optimal method of infant feeding for the first six months, but the rate remains low in many countries, including Malaysia. It is important to understand barriers preventing exclusive breastfeeding, to enable tackling these issues and thereby improving maternal and child health. This study aims to do this by exploring the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of mothers towards breastfeeding in Sarawak, Malaysia. Material and Methods: Qualitative methods were employed, using semi-structured interviews with an interpreter, conducted in Sarawak General Hospital between 16th April and 11th May 2012. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants from the maternity wards. Interviews were conducted using a topic guide, were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Analysis was based on conventional content analysis, with codes and themes developing from the interviews. Results: Analysis of the 17 interviews identified five major themes; (1) positive attitudes towards breastfeeding, (2) lack of knowledge relating to exclusive breastfeeding, (3) fear of insufficient milk, (4) methods to improve awareness and knowledge of breastfeeding, (5) improvements in the workplace. There is a lack of knowledge amongst mothers in Malaysia regarding breastfeeding, causing anxiety and early discontinuation of breastfeeding. Methods to improve education of mothers and healthcare staff have been suggested, as well as improvements to encourage breastfeeding in the workplace. Conclusion: Focused education for new mothers and widespread community education may help improve breastfeeding continuation rates. The provision of workplace facilities and flexible working hours for new mothers may help overcome physical barriers preventing breastfeeding continuation once back at work.