Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Natures of a clump-origin bulge: a pseudo-bulge like but old metal-rich bulge

Bulges in spiral galaxies have been supposed to be classified into classical bulges or pseudo-bulges. Classical bulges are thought to form by galactic merger with bursty star formation, whereas pseudo-bulges are suggested to form by secular evolution due to spiral arms and a barred structure funnelling gas into the galactic centre. Noguchi suggested another bulge formation scenario, ‘clump-origin bulge’. He demonstrated using a numerical simulation that a galactic disc suffers dynamical instability to form clumpy structures in the early stage of disc formation since the premature disc is expected to be highly gas rich, then the clumps are sucked into the galactic centre by dynamical friction and merge into a single bulge at the centre. This bulge formation scenario, which is expected to happen only at the high redshift, is different from the galactic merger and the secular evolution. Therefore, clump-origin bulges may have their own unique properties. We perform a high-resolution N-body/smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulation for the formation of the clump-origin bulge in an isolated galaxy model and study dynamical and chemical properties of the clump-origin bulge. We find that the clump-origin bulge resembles pseudo-bulges in dynamical properties, a nearly exponential surface density profile, a barred boxy shape and a significant rotation. We also find that this bulge consists of old and metal-rich stars, displaying resemblance to classical bulges. These natures, old metal-rich population but pseudo-bulge-like structures, mean that the clump-origin bulge cannot be simply classified into classical bulges or pseudo-bulges. From these results, we discuss similarities of the clump-origin bulge to the Milky Way bulge. Combined with a result of Elmegreen et al., this pseudo-bulge-like clump-origin bulge could be inferred to form in clump clusters with a relatively low surface density.
Computer Information Systems in Financial Crime Investigations

Information technology to support knowledge work of police officers is improving. For example, new information systems applying data mining techniques that support police investigations are evolving. Police investigation is an information-rich and knowledge-intensive practice. The purpose of this article is to explore information and communication technology in the context of computer information systems to support financial crime investigations. White-collar crime is not as visible as conventional crime and detection is difficult. For instance, in a homicide case, there is generally a body and forensic evidence. In the case of financial crime, accounting and computer forensics are currently the investigators best tools in detection and implemented in most white-collar investigations in recent years.
(Salen)chromium Complex Mediated Asymmetric Ring Opening of meso- and Racemic Epoxides with Different Fluoride Sources

The asymmetric ring opening of five meso- and three racemic epoxides with different fluorinating reagents in the presence of stoichiometric or slightly sub-stoichiometric amounts of Jacobsen's enantiopure (salen)chromium chloride complex A gave the corresponding optically active vicinal fluorohydrins. Silver fluoride was used as one of the fluoride sources either in the presence of Bu4N+H2F3− in diethyl ether or in acetonitrile. The latter reactions starting from cyclohexene oxide (1) showed maximum 72% ee in the formed fluorohydrin 2 isolated in 90% yield. From other meso-epoxides such as cyclopentene oxide and cycloheptene oxide the corresponding fluorohydrins were isolated in 80% and 82% yield with 65% and 62% ee, respectively. In case of ring opening under similar conditions of the racemic styrene oxide or phenyl glycidyl ether 83% and 75% of the fluorohydrins with fluorine in the primary position were isolated with 74% ee and 65% ee, respectively. Tetrahydronaphthalene oxide yielded a 2:1 mixture of trans- (23% ee) and cis-2-fluoro-3,4-benzocyclohexenol (2% ee) suggesting competing SN2 and SN1 type ring openings. Other epoxides such as cyclooctene oxide, cis-stilbene oxide and α-methylstyrene oxide did not react or gave the fluorohydrins with very small enantiomeric excess.
Stress-testing clouds for big data applications

In the last decade, the world has been experiencing an explosion of data. On the one hand, larger data provide unprecedented opportunities to better understand the observed entities, but on the other hand, it becomes increasingly difficult to manage and process such large data. As processing Big Data on single machines has become infeasible, distributed systems have proven to be the only promising solution to tackling Big Data processing. In this thesis, we use Big Data applications to stress-test and benchmark one cluster system, the Distributed ASCI Supercomputer 4 (DAS4), and two cloud systems, OpenNebula and Amazon EC2. We identify three Big Data domains: Graph Processing, Machine Learning, and Scientific Computing. For each domain, we select representative applications and execute them on the three systems with increasing amounts of input data. For graph processing, we run the Graph500 benchmark and three graph algorithms implemented with the Apache Giraph library. For machine learning, we run three algorithms implemented with the Apache Mahout library. For scientific computing, we execute the SS-DB benchmark on top of the SciDB data management system. For each of the three Big Data domains, we compare the performance of the three systems, we identify the maximum amount of data that can be processed by clusters of up to 8 computing nodes, and we discuss the bottlenecks that stop the applications from scaling above certain limits. We find that the cluster system (DAS4) performs better than the two cloud systems: up to 11 times for graph processing, and up to 2 times for machine learning and scientific computing. We find that in one hour, a cluster of 8 nodes is able to process around 30GB of data (227 vertices) for graph processing, around 100GB of input data (20 millions text documents) for machine learning algorithms, while for scientific processing, we estimate that up to 1TB of input data can be processed.
Synthesis and Analgesic Activity of Some Substituted 1-Benzofurans and 1-Benzothiophenes.

2-Benzoyl- and 2-(pyridylcarbonyl)-1-benzofuran-3-amines were prepared from 2-hydroxybenzonitrile and corresponding bromoethanone derivatives. 2-Benzoyl- and 2-(pyridylcarbonyl)-1-benzothiophene-3-amines were prepared analogously from 2-sulfanylbenzonitrile. 2-Benzoyl-1-benzofuran-3-amine treated with acetic anhydride or ethyl chloroformate provided the corresponding N -acetyl or N -ethoxycarbonyl derivatives. These N -activated compounds were alkylated with ethyl bromoacetate to provide ethyl N -acetyl- N -(2-benzoyl-1-benzofuran-3-yl)glycinate and ethyl N -(2-benzoyl-1-benzofuran-3-yl)- N -ethoxycarbonylglycinate, respectively. Their mild hydrolysis gave the corresponding glycine derivatives. Methylation of ethyl N -(2-benzoyl-1-benzofuran-3-yl)carbamate gave the corresponding N -methyl carbamate, which was hydrolyzed to N -methyl-(2-benzoyl-1-benzofuran-3-yl)amine. 2-Benzoyl-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-3-amine and 2-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-1-benzofuran-3-amine were demethylated with boron tribromide to the corresponding hydroxy derivatives; their O -alkylation with ethyl bromoacetate than gave ethyl [(3-amino-2-benzoyl-1-benzofuran-7-yl)oxy]acetate and ethyl {4-[(3-amino-1-benzofuran-2-yl)carbonyl]phenoxy}acetate, respectively. The mild hydrolysis of these esters provided corresponding acids. Similarly, alkylation of the hydroxy derivatives with (dimethylamino)propyl chloride gave corresponding (dimethylamino)propoxy derivatives. 2-Hydroxybenzonitrile treated with 2-bromo-1-(2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl)ethan-1-one provided the respective 2-(pyridylcarbonyl)-1-benzofuran-3-amine. Similar 2-(pyridylcarbonyl)-1-benzothiophene-3-amines were prepared analogously from 2-sulfanylbenzonitrile. 2-Benzoyl-3-(bromomethyl)-1-benzofuran treated with dimethylamine, 1-methylpiperazine, and sodium 1-methylpiperidine-4-thiolate gave the corresponding alkylation products. Several compounds were found to exhibit considerable analgesic activity.
Ontology-Based XML Knowledge Representation Method

Knowledge representation is prominent technology for semantic web to represent the web resources with non-structural property. After the formalization definition of Knowledge ontology, with four core elements: Meta-data, Knowledge Atom, Relationship and Rule, integrated with five modeling Primitives in knowledge domain, a union definition of knowledge ontology by BNF description was provided and a exchange method for the semantic of knowledge ontology frame between BNF and DTD was presented. Then, the XRDF model, an extended RDF model, was formalized definition and analyzed.
Trusted Analysis Model for Interactive Behavior of a Software System Based on Slicing Technology

To research the dynamic trusted measurement issue for interaction-oriented behavior of a software system,the expected behavior description model was obtained through determining and extracting the statements and the variables,which were referred and relied by the input data from outside.During the software executing,the measurement was done by dynamically acquiring the actual behavior of a software system and then the system compared it with the behavior obtained from the source code.By adopting the program slice technology,the interaction behavior and the successive behavior about assigning variables during the interaction were determined.Then,the detailed information and assigning behavior were extracted from the Abstract syntax tree of the source code and the compiled executing program.Result shows that this approach can identify the non-expected behavior during the software executing.
Automatic multidimensional design of data warehouses from requirements

The ideal scenario to derive the multidimensional conceptual schema of a data warehouse would entail a hybrid approach (i.e. a combined data-driven and requirement-driven approach). Thus, the resulting multidimensional schema would satisfy the end-user requirements and it would have been conciliated with the data sources. Currently, most methodologies follow either a data-driven or requirement-driven paradigm and only a few of them follow a hybrid approach. Furthermore, current hybrid methodologies are unbalanced and they do not benefit from all the advantages brought by each paradigm. In this paper we present a novel methodology that derives conceptual multidimensional schemas from relational sources bearing in mind the end-user requirements. The most relevant step within our methodology is the MDBE method that introduces three main benefits with regard to previous approaches: (i) the MDBE method is a fully automatic approach and therefore, it also handles requirements in an automatic way. (ii) Unlike data-driven methods, we focus on data of interest for the end-user. However, the user may not know all the potential analysis contained in the data sources and, unlike requirement-driven approaches, MDBE is able to propose new interesting multidimensional knowledge related to concepts already queried by the user. (iii) Finally, MDBE proposes meaningful multidimensional schemas derived from a validation process. Therefore, schemas proposed are sound and meaningful.
Characters Segmentation of License Plate Based on Combination of Projection and Intrinsic Characteristics

According to the intrinsic characteristics of license plate,a new approach for characters segmentation of license plate based on projection is proposed.Firstly,some preprocesses are processed toward the license plate images-detect the incline angle of license plate and rectify the slanted and distorted plate if the incline angle is bigger than the designated angle,then the horizontal boundaries are removed by using horizontal projection of license plate.After these processes,image binarization is processed to the image.Then the characters are located by using vertical projection of license plate,according to the ranging rulers and intercharacter distance of license plate characters.The second and third character are first segmented,then the last five characters from the third character are also segmented.With the knowledge of single character which has been segmented,the first two characters are segmented.Then all the possible characters are processed specially,segmenting the conglutinant characters and combining the cracked characters if existing.As a result,all the characters are segmented accurately.The experimental result shows that this approach has a good effect of segmentation.
Constructing Virtual Domain Ontologies Based on Domain Knowledge Reuse

A methodology is presented to construct virtual domain ontologies reusing other domain knowledge already available. This methodology uses the semantic relevance of existing domain models and domain ontologies, and proposes the possibility of building ontologies following the view of semantic match. Firstly, a structural definition of domain ontology is given. Secondly, the semantic relevance between domain model and ontologies is discussed and a definition of relevance degree is given. Based on the evolution of population, the domain ontologies constructing technologies in the terminology from genetics such as selection, clone, mutation, crossover, synthesis and transgenic are discussed. Finally, a VDO (virtual domain ontologies) constructing system is introduced, and a case study in the field of some hotels and travel agencies is demonstrated.
Optimization of transient gene expression in pollen of Norway spruce (Picea abies) by particle acceleration

In order to optimize transient gene expression in Norway spruce pollen after DNA delivery with particle bombardment, effects of different conditions during homhardmenl were analysed using β-glucuroniduse (GUS) driven by the rice Act I promoter and Inciferase (LUS) driven by the tomato ! at52 promoter as reporter genes. Transient gene expression was significantly increased hy using two bombardments. Also the distance from the stopping plate to the sample was critical to gam maximum gene expression. There was no significant difference between gold and tungsten particles, and the number of positively stained pollen increased with increasing DNA concentration, from 5 to 40 pg DNA added in the DNA/tungsten solution The DNA delivery to Norway spruce pollen was most efficient at a chamber pressure above 70 kPa.
Study on recognition of chinese agricultural named entity with conditional random fields

Agricultural named entity recognition has played a very important role in information extraction field of agriculture.In this paper,We use Conditional Random Fields(CRF)model and use two sets of labeling strategies including a series of feature training by selecting vocabulary,morphology,syntax features.By continuously adjusting the templates and feature selection improving training models,We has obtained better recognition results.
Research on Detection Strategies and Algorithms of the Virtual Machine Exception Under a Cloud Platform

The runtime is dynamicly change under cloud environment, which lead to the detection domain varies durning time. The real-time performance of detection on visual machines in detection domain will be influenced by the efficiency of partitioning detection domains. This paper present a detection domain partition algorithm based on the optimized k-medoids clustering, which improved k-medoids clustering algorithm in initial medoids selection and medoids replacement strategy during the iterative procedure, improved the partition efficiency of detection domain and the real-time performance of anomaly detection.
Moving object detection based on confidence factor and CSLBP features

Moving object detection is a challenging task in many computer vision applications. In this paper, we propose a robust background modelling method for this task. First, the background is updated by an adaptive strategy based on Centre-symmetric Local Binary Patterns. Then, background subtraction is used for detecting moving object. Although the traditional background subtraction technique uses the difference value between the current pixel and its corresponding background pixel for objection detection, our method utilises the confidence factor to determine whether the current pixel is a background or foreground pixel. The confidence factor of the current pixel is calculated in term of the difference values of its neighbourhood pixels. In the experiments, the proposed algorithm is tested on several challenging datasets such as PETS 2009, BMC 2012 and SABS. The experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm can robustly detect moving object under various scenes.
Real-time implementation of wavelet and zerotree image coding algorithm using DSP chip

This paper illustrates the implementation of a new low memory image zerotree coding algorithm using the DSP chip. Some key issues on how to implement the burdensome and complicated algorithm are thoroughly discussed, such as the choice of the wavelet filter, the optimization of the program structure, the simplification of the zerotree sean, and the confirmation of the "error digit" value in the new algorithm. Extensive experiments show that the implementation not only meets the real time requirement of video coding but also performs better than JPEG-the conventional coding standard, so is a feasible and efficient DSP solution.
Design and Performance Analysis of Tuning Conventional Controllers and Fuzzy controller PID approach for Automatic Voltage Regulator

-This paper presents analysis of time response of Automatic Voltage Regulator for effective voltage control, with stabilizer and Fuzzy Proportional Integral Derivative Controller using a fast computing MATLAB Simulation. In this paper, a simulation study is carried out to understand the operation of voltage controller by developing models in SIMULINK. The simulation study helps students to understand the principle and challenges behind voltage controller.
Spectral and timing properties of IGR J00291+5934 during its 2015 outburst

We report on the spectral and timing properties of the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar IGR J00291+5934 observed by XMM-Newton and NuSTAR during its 2015 outburst. The source is in a hard state dominated at high energies by a comptonization of soft photons ($\sim0.9$ keV) by an electron population with kT$_e\sim30$ keV, and at lower energies by a blackbody component with kT$\sim0.5$ keV. A moderately broad, neutral Fe emission line and four narrow absorption lines are also found. By investigating the pulse phase evolution, we derived the best-fitting orbital solution for the 2015 outburst. Comparing the updated ephemeris with those of the previous outbursts, we set a $3\sigma$ confidence level interval $-6.6\times 10^{-13}$ s/s $< \dot{P}_{orb} < 6.5 \times 10^{-13}$ s/s on the orbital period derivative. Moreover, we investigated the pulse profile dependence on energy finding a peculiar behaviour of the pulse fractional amplitude and lags as a function of energy. We performed a phase-resolved spectroscopy showing that the blackbody component tracks remarkably well the pulse-profile, indicating that this component resides at the neutron star surface (hot-spot).
A Survey of Trajectory Privacy-Preserving Techniques

As the high-up development of Location-Based Service(LBS) and location-aware devices,the amount of locations and trajectories of moving objects collected by service providers is continuously increasing.The collected trajectories with wealth spatio-temporal information will be published for novel applications.However,directly publishing trajectories may present serious threats to individuals' privacy,since trajectories enable intrusive inferences,which may reveal individual's habits,behavioral patterns,social customs,etc.On the other hand,individuals' real time trajectories may be exposed when they are requiring for location-based services even if their location privacy have been protected.Moreover,specific requirements for trajectory privacy-preserving methods are proposed based on different application scenarios: In trajectory data publishing scenario,privacy-preserving techniques must preserve data utility;in LBS scenario,privacy-preserving techniques must guarantee high quality of services that users acquired.All these requirements make trajectory privacy-preserving more challenging.According to the above problems,the key challenges in trajectory privacy-preserving are analyzed;recent research works on both trajectory data publishing and trajectory privacy in LBS are analyzed in this paper.At last,suggestions for future research works are put forward.
Production systems as models of cognitive development

A form of information processing model known as a "production system" (PS) is described. A PS is a set of rules each of the form C ⇒ A meaning that in the circumstances specified by C the subject performs action(s) A. PSs have certain advantages over other forms of model that make them especially suitable for describing cognitive development. This paper discusses their merits, with examples drawn from research into children's seriation behaviour.
Visualizing personal data in context: an on-calendar design strategy for behaviour feedback

Visualization tools are frequently used to help people understand everyday data in their lives. One such example is visualization in behaviour feedback tools. Behaviour feedback tools are used to try to help people improve their health or personal wellbeing or to carry out sound environmental sustainability practices. However, understanding and reasoning about personal data (e.g., pedometer counts, blood pressure readings or home electricity consumption) or gaining a deeper understanding of one’s current practices and learning how to make a change can be challenging when using data alone. My literature review of this field showed that two of the main challenges in actual practice are providing a context in which to reason about the data and reducing the cost of maintenance to fit those tools into everyday life routines. Thus, I propose to integrate time-varying feedback data within a personal digital calendar. This combination of calendar and feedback data can provide contextual information to interpret data and make the data accessible in an attentionally ambient way that is suitable for maintaining awareness. I propose that the familiarity and common practice of using digital calendars can minimize the cost of learning and maintenance for people and easily fit into one’s daily life routines. The viability of this approach was confirmed in my quantitative lab experiments. The results showed that visualization of feedback data integrated on a digital calen-
Distributed consensus and tracking control of second‐order time‐varying nonlinear multi‐agent systems

In this paper, the distributed consensus and tracking protocols are developed for the second‐order time‐varying nonlinear multi‐agent systems under general directed graph. Firstly, the consensus and tracking problems can be converted into a conventional stabilization control problem. Then a state transformation is employed to deal with the time‐varying nonlinearities. By choosing an appropriate time‐varying parameter and coupling strengths, exponential consensus and tracking of second‐order nonlinear multi‐agent systems can be achieved. Finally, a simulation is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed consensus and tracking protocols. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.