Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Instrument-Assisted Coracoid Pain Test: An Exploratory Diagnostic Accuracy Study

The coracoid pain test (CPT) could contribute to the diagnosis of frozen shoulder (FS) with palpation. However, due to assessor performance these values might be unreliable. Therefore, the aim was to explore the diagnostic accuracy of an instrument-assisted CPT and two alternative approaches (pain severity and side comparison) for assistance in the diagnosis of FS. Patients with FS and healthy age-matched controls were recruited. All participants underwent the instrument-assisted CPT on both shoulders with a pressure algometer. Sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios were determined for the three approaches. In total, 35 patients with FS and 35 healthy participants were included. The original approach was positive in eight participants (11.4%), with only sufficient specificity to draw a conclusion. The pain severity approach was positive in 31 participants (44.3%) with sufficient sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios. The side comparison approach was positive in 10 participants (14.3%) with excellent specificity and positive likelihood ratio. The specificity of the instrument-assisted CPT can be used to increase the probability of FS with both the original and alternative approaches. Only the pain severity approach can draw a conclusion with a negative test result. This study should be repeated with a cross-sectional design to strengthen and confirm the conclusions.
Cyber bullying Detection on Social Networks Using Machine learning

— Cyberbullying is a major problem encountered on internet that affects teenagers and also adults.It has lead to mishappenings like suicide and depression.Regulation of content on Social media platorms has become a growing need. The following study uses data from two different forms of cyberbullying, hate speech tweets from Twittter and comments based on personal attacks from Wikipedia forums to build a model based on detection of Cyberbullying in text data using Natural Language Processing and Machine learning. Three methods for Feature extraction and four classifiers are studied to outline the best approach. For Tweet data the model provides accuracies above 90% and for Wikipedia data it gives accuracies above 80%.
Giant Faraday rotation induced by the Berry phase in bilayer graphene under strong terahertz fields

High-order terahertz (THz) sideband generation in semiconductors is a phenomenon with physics similar to that of high-order harmonic generation but in a regime of much lower frequency. Our previous paper [] found that the electron–hole pair excited by a weak optical laser can accumulate a Berry phase along a cyclic trajectory under the driving of a strong elliptically polarized THz field. Furthermore, the Berry phase appears as the Faraday rotation angle of the emission signal under short-pulse excitation in monolayer MoS 2 ? > . In this paper, the theory of the Berry phase in THz extreme nonlinear optics is applied to biased bilayer graphene with Bernal stacking, which has similar Bloch band features and optical properties to monolayer MoS 2 ? > , such as the time-reversal related valleys and the valley contrasting optical selection rule. However, the biased bilayer graphene has much larger Berry curvature than monolayer MoS 2 ? > , which leads to a large Berry phase of the quantum trajectory and in turn a giant Faraday rotation of the optical emission (∼1 rad for a THz field with frequency 1 THz and strength 8 kV cm−1). This surprisingly big angle shows that the Faraday rotation can be induced more efficiently by the Berry curvature in momentum space than by the magnetic field in real space. It provides opportunities to use bilayer graphene and THz lasers for ultrafast electro-optical devices.
Variability in Perception of Prosody: Focus Marking Mismatches in German

The interplay between accentuation patterns and information structure has received considerable attention in the ﬁeld. The current study aims to investigate the extent to which German listeners are tolerant of (mis)matching accentuation presented in wide and contrastive narrow focus contexts. In a perception experiment, we presented our participants with sentences produced with congruent accentuation in terms of the elicited focus context as well as with mismatching accentuation. The mismatches comprised accent type only or both accent type and position. The participants rated the appropriateness of each accentuation pattern presented in narrow or wide focus contexts. The analysis of their ratings showed that German listeners are sensitive to (mis)matches in accentuation type and position in different focus contexts. The listeners dispreferred mismatching accent type in wide focus when L* nuclear accent was replaced with L+H*. However, replacing L+H* in narrow focus with L* received high appropriateness ratings. Participants also preferred the earlier placement of nuclear pitch accent in wide focus, while dispreferring the mismatching accent position in narrow focus context. Furthermore, they varied in their toler-ance for different types of mismatching input. This indicates that German listeners are sensitive to variation in terms of accent type and position as well as focus marking. contextual and prosodic information. Our results underline listeners’ competence to deal with the complexity of information structural contexts and accentuation variation they face in spontaneous everyday interactions.
Experimental Evaluation of Steering Actuator Configuration on the Behaviour of a Soft Growing Robot

Soft growing robots are a novel concept that uses fluid flow to increase in length at the tip. Using effective steering mechanisms, soft-growing robots can grow along the desired path. Series pneumatic artificial muscles (sPAMs) are used as steering actuators in contemporary soft-growing robots. This paper presents the experimental evaluation of the effect of the sPAM configuration on the bending of a soft-growing robot. The paper also includes the design and fabrication of the robot body and the sPAMs, the experimental setup, and the analysis of the observed results. The soft-growing robot body and sPAMs are made of low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The effect of four sPAM configurations (n sPAMs in m groups) on the bending angle and the blocked force is experimentally evaluated. Experimental results show that the bending angle is proportional to the number of sPAMs in a group (Bending angle reduces from 33° to 12° as the number of sPAMs in the group is reduced from 6 to 2). The blocked force applied by the robot tip remains constant over all the tested sPAM configurations. Hence, by varying sPAM configurations, a designer will be able to change the bending angle of a soft-growing robot without affecting tip forces.
Supervised non-intrusive load monitoring algorithm for identifying different operating states of type-II residential appliances

Due to the increase in electricity demand and the rapid depletion of fossil fuels, energy management has become a critical issue over the last two decades. Thus, researchers, utility suppliers, governments, and policymakers are working in tandem to develop novel solutions. In recent years, solutions based on Intrusive Load Monitoring (ILM) and Non-intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) have garnered the interest of many researchers. However, NILM systems are less difficult to implement and more cost-effective than ILM systems. Even though available NILM-based solutions can identify single-state devices with acceptable accuracy, identifying the various operating states of multi-state devices remains a problem. This research work proposes a novel supervised learning algorithm to correctly identify the operating states of multi-state residential devices. Results obtained through extensive simulations indicate that the proposed algorithm can achieve device and state identification accuracy of 93 percent and 91 percent, respectively.
Constraints on the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays from cosmogenic neutrinos and photons

We study the production of cosmogenic neutrinos and photons during the extragalactic propagation of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). For a wide range of models in cosmological evolution of source luminosity, composition and maximum energy we calculate the expected flux of cosmogenic secondaries by normalizing our cosmic ray output to experimental spectra and comparing the diffuse flux of GeV-TeV gamma-rays to the experimental one measured by the Fermi satellite. Most of these models yield significant neutrino fluxes for current experiments like IceCube or Pierre Auger. Furthermore, we discuss the possibilities of signing the presence of UHE proton sources either within or outside the cosmic ray horizon using neutrinos or photons observations even if the cosmic ray composition becomes heavier at the highest energies. We discuss the possible constraints that could be brought on the UHECR origin from the different messengers and energy ranges.
Research on Fault Detection System of Vertical Shaft Hoisting Cage Shoes Based on Machine Vision

Aiming at the problems that the damage of the roller cage shoes in the shaft hoisting system cannot be found in time, the machine vision method is used to detect the thickness of the rubber wheel, and the real-time operation of the roller cage shoes is diagnosed to ensure the safe and stable operation of the skip. First of all, Retinex algorithm is used for image enhancement, and a combination of threshold segmentation and connected domain is used to extract the roller cage shoes images under complex background. Secondly, Zernike moments are used to extract sub-pixel edges to improve detection accuracy and RANSAC is used to perform ellipse fitting to reduce the influence of interference points. Finally, the irregular-shaped rubber wheel is sampled and measured, and the measured values are averaged to obtain the thickness value of the rubber wheel. The experimental results show that the average error of the measurement accuracy of the system is about 0.02mm, which meets the needs of the project. At the same time, the method avoids the danger of the inspectors during on-site inspection, and ensures the safety of the inspectors.
Many‐particle Majorana bound states: Derivation and signatures in superconducting double quantum dots

We consider two interacting quantum dots coupled by standard s‐wave superconductors. We derive an effective Hamiltonian, and show that over a wide parameter range a degenerate ground state can be obtained. An exotic form of Majorana bound states is supported at these degeneracies, and the system can be adiabatically tuned to a limit in which it is equivalent to the one‐dimensional wire model of Kitaev. We give the form of a Majorana bound state in this system in the strong interaction limit in the many‐particle picture. We also study the Josephson current in this system, and demonstrate that a double slit‐like pattern emerges in the presence of an extra magnetic field. This pattern is shown to disappear with increasing interaction strength, which is due to the current being carried by chargeless Majorana bound states.
Printed Monopole Antenna with a Novel Band-Notched Folded Trapezoid for Ultra-wideband Applications

In this paper, we propose a new band-notched tapered monopole antenna for ultra-wideband applications. The antenna structure is etched on a 1 mm-FR4 epoxy substrate with dielectric constant εr = 4.4. The ground plane and radiating patch are tapered to obtain good wide impedance matching performance. Inserting two slots in the ground plane causes to greatly widen the impedance bandwidth. By embedding a folded trapezoid in an inner hole of the patch, the band-notch function can be achieved. The fabricated antenna has a small size of 18 mm × 20 mm and operates over the frequency band between 3 to 13 GHz for VSWR < 2, rejecting the undesired frequency band from 5.1 to 5.85 GHz.
A Novel Waveform for a Joint Radar and Communication System

In the last years there is a trend to combine different RF systems to reduce the hardware costs on one hand side and to offer the customers a more comprehensive system. One of these possible mergers can be found in the area of communication and radar. There are two possibilities of realization here. Besides the temporal separation between communication and radar operation, where the optimal waveforms for the respective operating mode can be used, it is of great interest to operate these two tasks simultaneously. In this case, dedicated waveforms are necessary to achieve a good compromise between achievable data rate and range resolution / low Side-Lobe Level (SLL) after pulse compression to detect weak targets. This paper presents a novel waveform that can find use for a simultaneous radar and communications operation. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed integrated waveform performs well and meets practical requirements.
Planet-disk interaction in highly inclined systems

We study the interaction of a proto-planetary disk and a planet on a highly inclined orbit in the linear regime. The evolution of the planet is dominated by dynamical friction for planet masses above several Earth-masses. Smaller planets are dominated by aerodynamic drag, especially for very high inclinations and retrograde orbits. The time-scales associated with migration and inclination damping are calculated. For certain values of the inclination, the inclination damping time-scale is longer than the migration time-scale and the disk lifetime. This result shows that highly inclined planets can not (re-)align with the proto-planetary disk. We discuss the dependence of numerical simulations on the gravitational softening parameter. We find only a logarithmic dependence, making global three dimensional simulations of this process computationally feasible. A large fraction of Hot Jupiters is on highly inclined orbits with respect to the rotation axis of the star. On the other hand small-mass planetary systems discovered by the Kepler mission have low mutual inclinations. This shows that there are two distinct formation mechanisms at work. The process that creates inclined Hot Jupiters does not operate on small mass planets because the damping timescales are so long that these systems would still be inclined today.
Design and Analysis of an Aerodynamic Structure for a Ground and Aerial vehicle

This paper proposes a novel hybrid approach for ground and aerial locomotion. Conceptual designs have been created for ground and aerial platforms and analyzed them separately. 3D models are optimized considering the practicality and ease of manufacturing. Mecanum wheels have been integrated with the ground platform to enable multidirectional locomotion. Thrust vector system has been added to quad rotor aerial platform to increase the forward propulsion. Mathematical models are generated and simulated to visualize the motion virtually and to derive torque requirement to select suitable actuator components. FEA (Finite Element Analysis) analysis proved the proposed platform can withstand the predefined load conditions (10kg) with a good safety factor of 5.9. Combined platforms have been subjected to CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis and it has been proved that platform lift force is significantly increased (by 3.5N) compared to traditional quad rotor configuration due to the aerodynamic body.
Performance Assessment of Deep Neural Network on Activity Recognition in WiFi Sensing

WiFi sensing technology has received growing attention because of its widely available infrastructure and capability to support Internet of Things (IoT) driven smart-world applications. With the advance of machine learning and computing techniques, deep learning techniques have been applied to WiFi sensing, supporting a variety of applications. In this paper, we address the issue of understanding the ability of deep learning to handle complex and diverse sensing data collected from different WiFi sensing environments. To this end, we propose a generic framework that considers the sensing activity, sensing target, sensing environment, and related configuration. Based on the framework, we design our deep neural network (DNN)-based approach to carry out activity recognition based on WiFi sensing data. We select seven datasets to represent diverse WiFi sensing applications. Via extensive performance evaluation, the results confirm that our proposed DNN-based approach can achieve an average accuracy of 93.66 % in different settings with respect to diverse target, activity, environment, and configuration.
Testing the Warm Dark Matter paradigm with large-scale structures

We explore the impact of a LWDM cosmological scenario on the clustering properties of large-scale structure in the Universe. We do this by extending the halo model. The new development is that we consider two components to the mass density: one arising from mass in collapsed haloes, and the second from a smooth component of uncollapsed mass. Assuming that the nonlinear clustering of dark matter haloes can be understood, then from conservation arguments one can precisely calculate the clustering properties of the smooth component and its cross-correlation with haloes. We then explore how the three main ingredients of the halo calculations, the mass function, bias and density profiles are affected by WDM. We show that, relative to CDM: the mass function is suppressed by ~50%, for masses ~100 times the free-streaming mass-scale; the bias of low mass haloes can be boosted by up to 20%; core densities of haloes can be suppressed. We also examine the impact of relic thermal velocities on the density profiles, and find that these effects are constrained to scales r<1 kpc/h, and hence of little importance for dark matter tests, owing to uncertainties in the baryonic physics. We use our modified halo model to calculate the non-linear matter power spectrum, and find significant small-scale power in the model. However, relative to the CDM case, the power is suppressed. We then calculate the expected signal and noise that our set of LWDM models would give for a future weak lensing mission. We show that the models should in principle be separable at high significance. Finally, using the Fisher matrix formalism we forecast the limit on the WDM particle mass for a future full-sky weak lensing mission like Euclid or LSST. With Planck priors and using multipoles l<5000, we find that a lower limit of 2.6 keV should be easily achievable.
A Finite Blocklength Coding Scheme for the Two-Way Full-duplex Fading Channel

In this paper, a finite blocklength (FBL) coding scheme is proposed for the two-way full-duplex flat-fading channel. Based on this proposed scheme, an achievable rate region for given blocklength and decoding error probability is obtained, and the results of this paper are further illustrated via numerical examples.
Electrically Tunable Microwave Technologies With Ferromagnetic Thin Film: Recent Advances in Design Techniques and Applications

The rapidly growing wireless communication market has resulted in tremendous changes in the requirements and capabilities of radios to support numerous multiband wireless connections <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">[1]</xref>. For example, the 850- and 1,900-MHz frequency spectrums are used to support the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) networks. New frequency bands of nearly 2,100 MHz have been adopted in 3G networks, and more frequency bands and spectrums are introduced in 4G systems, ranging from 600 MHz to 2.5 GHz <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">[2]</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">[3]</xref>. Wireless communications have resulted in radio that, by 2010, had evolved from a single-mode, triple-band 2G system, to a triple-mode, nine-band (4 × GSM, 5 × Universal Mobile Telecommunications System with High-Speed Packet Access+), high-speed data-capable system. The trend continues today with rapid deployment of 5G and future 6G systems, driving new bands and modes of operation <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">[4]</xref>. The frequency band of sub-6 GHz from 450 MHz to 6 GHz and the millimeter-wave spectrum from 24 to 52 GHz are employed in 5G systems to provide multifunctional services <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">[5]</xref>. To support the continuous evolution of high data rates, as shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Figure 1</xref>, 5G mobile networks have been widely developed as an ideal on-demand connection solution for devices and users in urban areas <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref6">[6]</xref>.
Compressed FMCW SAR Image Reconstruction

This paper presents the Compressed Co-prime FMCW SAR (CCF-SAR) system. CCF-SAR is an efficient FMCW SAR compression system based on the idea of co-prime sampling. Model-based reconstruction, by suitably using the forward model obtained from the co-prime sampler is employed for SAR image reconstruction. Multiple priors are used to analyze the performance of CCF-SAR in the plug and play framework. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CCF-SAR shows marginal performance improvement over the state-of-art compressed sensing based technique while providing the additional benefits of frugal hardware implementation.
Multiple FM-Based Passive Bistatic Pairs for Robust Target Detection with Improved Position Accuracy

High-power FM transmitters are often employed for passive detection of long-range targets. However, higher bandwidth digital modulations (e.g. DAB, DVB-T) are preferred at shorter target ranges due to their improved range resolutions and their content agnostic ambiguity functions. Modern multi-channel, high-bandwidth, and wide-band software defined radios (SDRs) now make possible the simultaneous reception of reflections from multiple transmitters of opportunity using a single commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) appliance. Sophisticated and highly diverse passive radars employing multiple transmitter technologies can now be implemented using COTS equipment. The diversity advantage of multistatic FM-based passive radar are not often demonstrated. This paper demonstrates how transmitter and channel diversity can improve both 2D target detection and range resolution for such multistatic FM-based passive radars. Moreover, a single airborne target was simultaneously tracked using four FM bistatic pairs. These FM bistatic pairs were formed using various remote transmitters and a single four-channel COTS SDR receiver. The diversity advantage offered by the separate transmitters, different channels, and varying radio content is analysed for an increasing number of redundant bistatic pairs. These redundant bistatic pairs allowed for a more robust and reliable target detection that is less dependent on the channel content. A range cell area reduction of approximately 37% was calculated when using four instead of only two bistatic pairs.
Extended Target Tracking with a Photonics-Based Radar on a Packaged Silicon Chip

This paper reports the latest advancements on the signal processing for a recently presented photonics-based radar, whose transceiver has been developed on a silicon chip. The proposed system offers the opportunity to address the problem of extended target tracking, which entails not only the estimation of targets’ kinematics, but also of their size.The signal processing chain consists of a pixel-wise detection strategy followed by the joint probabilistic data association rule in combination with the unscented Kalman filter. Performance assessment is carried out on real X-band radar data acquired by the system close to the Port of Livorno, Italy. By comparison with navigation data provided through the automatic identification system, the experimental results demonstrate that the processing chain is able to grant good tracking performance requiring limited computational effort.