Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An End-to-End Network for Continuous Human Motion Recognition via Radar Radios

Micro-Doppler-based continuous human motion recognition (HMR) has gained considerable attention recently. However, existing methods mainly rely on individual recurrent neural network or sliding-window-based approaches, which makes them hard to effectively exploit all the temporal information to predict motions. Additionally, they need to represent the raw radar data into other domains and then perform feature extraction and classification. Thus, the representation cannot be optimized, and its high computational complexity and independence from learning model make the network consume significant time. In this article, to address these issues, we propose a new end-to-end network that uses radar radios to recognize continuous motion. Specifically, the fusion layer fuses the raw I & Q radar data without the need of representations, and it is integrated with subsequent networks in an end-to-end manner for jointly optimization. Moreover, the attention-based encoder-decoder structure encodes the fused data and selects useful temporal information for recognition, which guarantees the effective use of all the temporal information. The experiments show that in continuous HMR, the proposed network outperforms existing methods in terms of accuracy and inference time.
Short and Long-Run Distributional Impacts of COVID-19 in Latin America

We simulate the short- and long-term distributional consequences of COVID-19 in the four largest Latin American economies: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico. We show that the short-term impact on income inequality and poverty can be very significant, but that additional spending on social assistance has a large offsetting effect in Brazil and Argentina. The effect is much smaller in Colombia and nil in Mexico, where there has been no such expansion. To project the long- term consequences, we estimate the impact of the pandemic on human capital and its intergenerational persistence. Hereby, we use information on school lockdowns, educational mitigation policies, and account for educational losses related to health shocks and parental job loss. Our findings show that in all four countries the impact is strongly asymmetric and affects particularly the human capital of children from disadvantaged families. Consequently, inequality of opportunity is expected to increase substantially, in spite of the mitigation policies.
Emulated Stator Voltage-Oriented Vector Control of DFIM-SPS With Coupling Effect Elimination for Electric Ship Applications

The dilemma between high control performance and high fault tolerance for a power electronic penetrated shipboard propulsion system (SPS) impedes the development of more-electric ships (MESs). In this article, with a doubly fed induction machine (DFIM) electric drivetrain adopted, a partially power decoupled SPS structure is presented to enhance the system robustness to solid-state device failure. Two electric machines, which are the synchronous generator (SG) and DFIM, generate and consume power in a DFIM-SPS, respectively. However, the coupling effect between their controls results in potential threats to the system stable operation. The phase-locked loop (PLL) functions as the key factor of interacting their operation, and its mechanism is illustrated in detail for DFIM-SPS to explain the deteriorated performance. This article proposes an emulated stator voltage-orientated vector control (ESVO-VC) strategy with coupling effect elimination to realize separate control of SG and DFIM electric drivetrain. The proposed ESVO-VC strategy is verified by simulation in MATLAB/Simulink for a 10-MW DFIM-SPS, in which three-stage mechanical load torque changes are presented to indicate different working conditions. Moreover, the power circuits of SG and back-to-back power converter (BTBPC) are simulated in a real-time digital simulator (RTDS), and the proposed ESVO-VC is further validated by a control-hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) setup.
Modeling performance of industrial park wastewater treatment plant by STOAT software

To control environmental pollution, the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) plays a vital role in treating wastewater to comply with quality standards before being discharged into the environment. However, not all WWTPs have worked optimally, so the periodic evaluations must be carried out to determine problems and what efforts can be made to improve WWTP processing quality. This study aims to evaluate the Jababeka 1 WWTP, which functions to treat wastewater in Industrial Area 1 and Industrial Area 7, which are in the Jababeka Industrial Estate (KIJ). Evaluation is carried out by comparing the actual processing efficiency with the related literature. Evaluation is also carried out by simulating the process and operation of WWTP using STOAT software. STOAT is one of the WWTP system modeling software mostly used to predict the wastewater treatment plant’s performance. The test results show that for the efficiency of Jababeka 1, WWTP removal for parameters BOD, COD, and TSS are 90%, 93.02%, and 96.12%. Based on the data obtained, modeling based on sensitivity analysis was also carried out using STOAT software to determine the most significant WWTP performance parameters. It was found that the wastewater discharge was the most critical parameter affecting the removal efficiency of TSS and BOD.
VIRTUAL SUPERMARKET SETTING: EXPLORING ANTECEDENTS OF EMOTIONS AND PURCHASE INTENTIONS

Virtual Reality is based on three key characteristics: immersion, interactivity (Boyd & Koles, 2018). Firstly, when exposed to a virtual environment, the individual experiences the sense of immersion or presence within that environment. The user feels like being there and escaping or becoming isolated from the real world. Beside immersion, VR provides a very dynamic environment (Loureiro et al., 2019), which is important to create consumer involvement. Hence, the current study explores antecedents of emotions and purchase intention in virtual supermarket setting
Evaluation of Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Products for Release of Heavy Metals

Abstract Erosion and sediment control best management practices (BMPs) have been applied to construction sites since the U.S. EPA began regulating storm water discharges in 1987 under amendments to the Clean Water Act. Many BMPs are in use for the control of sediment and other nonpoint source pollutants. However, the chemical properties of these BMP products are not well characterized. These BMP products can have unintended adverse impacts on the environment. Therefore, the goals of this study were to determine the concentration of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in 18 different soil erosion and sediment control BMPs and determine the short-term release potential of metals. Results show that the BMPs contained appreciable amount of heavy metals—Zn being the most prominent. Concentrations of heavy metals varied among the BMP products mostly in the range of 0–48 μg/g. BMP products were ranked according to metal concentration from highest to lowest based on three categories: netting/blank.
Divergent Relationships of Phosphorus Soil Tests in Temperate Grassland Soils

Abstract Various soil tests are used to estimate phosphorus (P) availability for both crop uptake and potential loss to water. Conversion equations may provide a basis for comparison between different tests and regions, although the extent to which information can be interchanged is uncertain. The objective was to determine and quantify relationships between specific soil test extractants for samples taken annually in October and February over 4 years from four sites in each of eight soil series under grassland. The extractants comprised Mehlich‐3, Morgan, Olsen, Bray‐1, lactate–acetate, CaCl2 (1∶2 and 1∶10 soil–solution ratios), and resin. The results showed distinct relationships for each soil series, for which individual lines regression models (different intercepts and slopes) were superior to a single conversion equation across all soils. The ensuing difference between soils was large and ranged from 1.9 to 8.0 and 9.2 to 15.6 mg kg−1 P for Morgan and Olsen, respectively, at 20 mg kg−1 Mehlich‐3 P. Generally, the environmentally oriented tests CaCl2 and resin correlated best with Morgan. Some soil‐specific limitations were also observed. CaCl2 was less efficient than Morgan, and Morgan less efficient than Mehlich‐3 on a high Fe–P soil derived from Ordovician‐shale diamicton, compared with the general trend for other soils. This finding suggests that further disparity may arise where evaluation of critical, or other, limits across regions involves even a limited sequence of tests.
Trust in leaders and employee silence behaviour: Evidence from higher education institutions in Indonesia

BACKGROUND: It is important for decision-makers such as leaders to be aware of employee silence behaviour within organizations. Failure to see this phenomenon tends to reduce the quality of information regarding potential issues in the organizations. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of trust in leaders on employee silence behaviour and the mediating role of organizational commitment within this relationship. METHODS: Data were collected from academicians working at private higher education institutions within an Indonesia city. Relying on the social exchange theory, the current study tested the hypotheses through the analysis of partial least square –structural equation modeling (PLS–SEM). RESULTS: Findings confirmed that trust in leaders positively affects organizational commitment and negatively affects employee silence behaviour. Furthermore, results suggested that organizational commitment fully mediates the link between trust in leaders and employee silence behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: These findings present a valuable contribution for scholars and managers in understanding the mechanism underlying the relationship between trust in leaders and employee silence behaviour, especially in non-profit organizational settings such as higher education institutions in Indonesia.
A comprehensive system of leaf analyses and its use for diagnosing crop nutrient status

Abstract A comprehensive system for the determination of N,‐ P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, B, Cu, Fe, Zn, S, and F in plant tissue is presented. A wet ash procedure using sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide permits determination of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, B, Cu, Fe, Zn in one digest. S and F are determined in solutions of separate dry ashings. The use of leaf analyses and its limitations are discussed.
Multi-Resource VNF Deployment in a Heterogeneous Cloud

The emerging paradigm of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) promises to shorten the renewal cycles of network functions and reduce the capital expenses by flexibly deploying virtualized network functions (VNFs) implementation on commodity servers. However, the required resource of each type (CPU, memory, etc.) for the running VNF should be provisioned to guarantee the performance when processing packets. This comes with different deployment cost, especially in a heterogeneous cloud consisting of a large number of network function platforms from various vendors. To optimally operate VNFs, it is necessary for the network operator to dynamically deploy VNFs in the expensive cloud infrastructures. In this article, we initiate the study of minimizing the deployment cost under multi-resource constraints in a heterogeneous cloud. We formulate multi-resource VNF deployment problem (MVDP) as an optimization program and prove its hardness. We propose an offline <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(1, d+1)$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="zheng-ieq1-3042247.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-bicriteria approximation algorithm and an <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(\mathcal {O}(1), \mathcal {O}(n \cdot \log n))$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="script">O</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="script">O</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>·</mml:mo><mml:mo form="prefix">log</mml:mo><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="zheng-ieq2-3042247.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-competitive online algorithm to deploy VNFs in a scalable manner, where <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="zheng-ieq3-3042247.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> is the number of resource types and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="zheng-ieq4-3042247.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> is the number of required VNFs. Large-scale simulations and DPDK-based OpenNetVM implementation show that our algorithms can reduce the overall cost by 34% and improve the performance in terms of multi-resource allocation.
A Highly Linear and Efficient 28-GHz PA With a Psat of 23.2 dBm, P1 dB of 22.7 dBm, and PAE of 35.5% in 65-nm Bulk CMOS

This article presents a 28-GHz power amplifier (PA) suitable for fifth-generation (5G) wireless systems. Designed in a 65-nm bulk CMOS, the PA achieves a saturated output power (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{\text {sat}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 23.2 dBm at 28 GHz. The AM–AM and the AM–PM distortion have the overshoot of less than 0.3 dB and 0.2°, respectively, at 28 GHz. The AM–PM variation remains less than 1.9° over the frequency band of 26–31 GHz with a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 35.5%. Several techniques, including strategic placement of varactors, a proposed multi-function coplanar-waveguide (CPW)-like power combining structure, and a systematic design approach for the passive networks, are used to improve the efficiency and linearity of the design leading to a negligible difference between <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{1\,\text {dB}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{\text {sat}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The proposed linearity improvement technique, which uses an adaptive feedback structure to adjust the input impedance of the output stage based on the output power and also direct more current at higher output power levels, enhances the linearity through lowering both AM–AM and AM–PM conversions. The design enables 2.5-GS/s 64-QAM operation at average <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{\text {out}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 16.1 dBm with an error-vector magnitude/adjacent-channel power ratio (EVM/ACPR) of better than −26.2-dB/−28.32-dBc without using any digital pre-distortion.
Object Detection for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Camera via Convolutional Neural Networks

The object tracking alongside the image segmentation have recently become a particular significance in satellite and aerial imagery. The latest achievements in this field are closely related to the application of the deep-learning algorithms and, particularly, convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Supplemented by the sufficient amount of the training data, CNNs provide the advantageous performance in comparison to the classical methods based on Viola–Jones or support vector machines. However, the application of CNNs for the object detection on the aerial images faces several general issues that cause classification error. The first one is related to the limited camera shooting angle and spatial resolution. The second one arises from the restricted dataset for specific classes of objects that rarely appear in the captured data. This article represents a comparative study on the effectiveness of different deep neural networks for detection of the objects with similar patterns on the images within a limited amount of the pretrained datasets. It has been revealed that YOLO ver. 3 network enables better accuracy and faster analysis than region convolution neural network (R-CNN), Fast R-CNN, Faster R-CNN, and SSD architectures. This has been demonstrated on the example of “Stanford dataset,” “DOTA v-1.5,” and “xView 2018 Detection” datasets. The following metrics on the accuracy have been obtained for the YOLO ver. 3 network: 89.12 mAP (Stanford dataset), 80.20 mAP (DOTA v-1.5), and 78.29 (xView 2018) for testing; and 85.51 mAP (Stanford dataset), 79.28 (DOTA v-1.5), and 79.92 (xView 2018) on validation with the analysis speed of 26.82 frames/s.
A Biobjective Biform Game Approach to Optimizing Strategies in Bilateral Link Network Formation

The purpose of this article is to present a novel biobjective biform game framework for optimizing strategy selection of nodes (agents) in bilateral link network formation under dual objectives of profit and link security. First, in the first part of the noncooperative game, we construct various possible strategy combinations (situations) of all players (nodes) in the network, which define the competitive environment in the second part of the cooperative game. Second, in the second part, we derive coalitions’ payoffs under the two objectives of profit and link security and propose the biobjective Banzhaf values to allocate the corresponding cooperative games in all strategy situations. Then, a biobjective noncooperative game is formed on the basis of the obtained biobjective Banzhaf values. Third, we redefine Pareto–Nash equilibriums (in the sense of pure strategies) and obtain the Pareto–Nash equilibriums of the biobjective noncooperative game in the first part. Subsequently, the choice of the obtained Pareto–Nash equilibriums is regarded as a biobjective group decision-making problem, which is solved by employing the redefined Borda choice function method with objective weights. Hence, we can obtain the optimal strategy choices of all the nodes (players) for the entire bilateral link network formation. Finally, numerical examples and comparative analysis are given to verify the validity and applicability of the proposed models and methods.
Area-Efficient Extended 3-D Inductor Based on TSV Technology for RF Applications

An extended model of through-silicon via (TSV)-based solenoid inductor is proposed to save on-chip areas for 3-D radio frequency (RF) ICs and package integration. To achieve a high inductance density, the nested topology consists of high-density TSVs in high-resistivity silicon substrate and multilayers of metals in compatible CMOS process. Then, an analytical inductance model, considering the mutual inductance of TSVs and complicated metal traces, is established and verified. The inductance variation in physical dimensions is studied based on the modeled and simulated results of a TSV solenoid inductor in single tier. The proposed TSV solenoid typology gets better performance at inductance density and quality factor around some frequencies through analytical model and full-wave simulations. Further studies are directed toward RF application overview according to broadband and low power consumption.
Studies on quality of herbal tea incorporated Moringa olefera leaf powder

The present investigation was aimed to development of herbal tea with incorporation of different proportions Moringa olefera leaf powder. The formulation was carried out using Moringa olefera leaf powder, basil, lemon grass and tea powder in Preparation of herbal tea. Different formulation was made with variation in Moringa olefera leaf powder level from 0 to 50% for T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. Prepared herbal tea then evaluated for organoleptic properties with respects to colour and appearance, flavour, texture, taste and overall acceptability using 9 point hedonic scale. The results revealed that herbal tea prepared with supplementation of 50% Moringa olefera leaf powder (T1) secured highest score (i.e. 8.0) was superior as compared to rest of samples. It was found that Moringa olefera leaf powder prepared with Moringa olefera was rich source of proteins. Thus, Moringa olefera can be well utilized as a functional ingredient for preparation of herbal tea with good nutritional and medicinal value.
Photoluminescent bimetallic-3-hydroxypicolinate/graphene oxide nanocomposite

A new photoluminescent bimetallic-3-hydroxypicolinate/graphene oxide composite was prepared by incorporation of the complex Na5[EuW2O6(picOH)8] (1; HpicOH being 3-hydroxypicolinic acid) on graphene oxide (GO). Photoluminescence studies (emission and excitation spectra and 5D0 emission decay curves) were performed on 1 and the composite 1/GO suggesting an effective interaction between the picOH− ligands and the graphene oxide.
Telescoping Causes Overstatement in Recalled Food Consumption: Evidence from a Survey Experiment in Ethiopia

Telescoping errors occur if survey respondents misdate consumption or expenditure episodes by including events from outside the reference period in their recall. Concern about telescoping influenced the design of early Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) surveys, which used a two-visit interview format to allow a bounded recall. This design fell out of favor although not for evidence-based reasons. Recent guidelines to harmonize food data collection in low- and middle-income countries by using one-week recall increase the relevance of telescoping because errors spread over a shorter period will loom larger. To provide evidence on telescoping, we conducted a survey experiment in Ethiopia, randomly assigning a balanced sample – either a two-visit bounded recall or a single visit unbounded recall. The average value of reported food consumption is 16 percent higher in the unbounded single visit recall relative to the two-visit bounded recall. Put differently, in this experiment, telescoping errors amount, on average, to an entire extra day worth of consumption being included in the report for the last seven days. Most of the error is explained by difference in reporting of spending on less frequently consumed, protein-rich foods, so apparent diet diversity and dietary quality indicators are likely to be overstated when using unbounded recall.
PEDESTRIAN LATERAL FOOT PLACEMENT AND LATERAL DYNAMIC INSTABILITY OF BRIDGES

The most often purported mechanism causing the lateral dynamic instability of the London Millennium Footbridge is the synchronisation of footsteps to the lateral structural motion. However, evidence from full-scale measurements and treadmill tests has challenged this notion. Instead, an active control of foot placement is advocated to be the source of destabilising forces to the structure, occurring even without synchronisation. This is to say that, while walking on a laterally oscillating surface, pedestrians maintain their balance primarily by controlling the position of their feet, rather than adjusting the timing. Similar behaviour was previously observed in experimental tests measuring the response of pedestrians to an impulsive perturbation of gait. The analysis of the collected data suggested a simple linear foot placement control law, whereby the position of the foot at the instant of foot placement immediately following the perturbation depends on the instantaneous lateral velocity of the centre of mass and a constant offset. However, it is has been uncertain whether the same foot placement control law applies while walking on laterally oscillating structures. To test this proposition, an experimental campaign was conducted on a laterally oscillating treadmill with a test subject monitored with an optical motion capture system. The motion of the body centre of mass and the position of the feet were identified and analysed. It was found that a simple linear foot placement control law applies. Further tests were conducted to test the influence of the visual information on pedestrian stepping behaviour using virtual reality delivered via a head mounted display.