Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of surface CNO abundances in massive stars

The nitrogen to carbon (N/C) and nitrogen to oxygen (N/O) ratios are the most sensitive quantities to mixing in stellar interiors of intermediate and massive stars. We further investigate the theoretical properties of these ratios as well as put in context recent observational results obtained by the VLT-FLAMES Survey of massive stars in the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds. We consider analytical relations and numerical models of stellar evolution as well as our own stellar atmosphere models, and we critically re-investigate observed spectra. On the theoretical side, the N/C vs N/O plot shows little dependence on the initial stellar masses, rotation velocities, and nature of the mixing processes up to relative enrichment of N/O by a factor of about four, thus this plot constitutes an ideal quality test for observational results. The comparison between the FLAMES Survey and theoretical values shows overall agreement, despite the observational scatter of the published results. The existence of some mixing of CNO products is clearly confirmed, however the accuracy of the data is not sufficient for allowing a test of the significant differences between different models of rotating stars and the Geneva models. We discuss reasons (for the most part due to observational bias) why part of the observational data points should not be considered for this comparison. When these observational data points are not considered, the scatter is reduced. Finally, the N/C vs N/O plot potentially offers a powerful way for discriminating blue supergiants before the red supergiant stage from those after it. Also, red supergiants of similar low velocities may exhibit different N enrichments, depending on their initial rotation during the main-sequence phase.
Study on the nutritive value of dextrin as a carbohydrate source for pigs weaned at 21 days of age.

Two experiments were conducted to compare the nutritive value of dextrin to that of various carbohydrate sources and to determine the optimal incorporation ratio with lactose for pigs weaned at 21 days of age. In each experiment, eighty pigs (BW 6.43±0.18 kg in experiment 1 and 6.93±0.19 kg in 2) were used as an experimental unit and allotted to 20 groups (4 pigs/group, 5 groups/ treatment) using a completely randomized block design. Each group was assigned to one of 5 dietary treatments. Dextrin (control), maize starch and 3 different sources of sugar (lactose, glucose, and sucrose) composed 5 dietary treatments for experiment 1. Five 5 graded lactose:glucose ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100, diet A, B, C, D and E, respectively) were used as the treatments in experiment 2. In experiment 1, pigs fed the diet containing maize starch showed the lowest (P<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI). During the second week, ADG improved (P<0.05) for the pigs fed diets containing dextrin and 3 different * This study was funded by MAF-SGRP (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry-Special Grant Research Program) in Korea and is a part of the Ph.D. Dissertation of C.H. Lee under the direction of Dr. In K. Han at Seoul National University, Korea 1 Corresponding author 2 Present address: E.K. International, Inc., Korea 3 Jeil Feed Mi l l Co., Ltd., Korea 4 National Livestock Cooperatives Federation, Korea 648 NUTRITIVE VALUE OF DEXTRIN FOR THE PIGLETS sources of sugar (lactose, glucose and sucrose) compared to pigs fed maize starch diets. For the third week after weaning, pigs fed diets with maize starch, lactose, glucose and sucrose had improved ADFI compared with pigs fed the dextrin diet (PO.05). Overall, there were no significant differences in ADG and ADFI among treatments. However, pigs fed the dextrin diet had improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with pigs fed other diets (PO.05). During the initial 14 d postweaning (phase I), no significant differences were found in digestibilities of gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and crude ash (CA) among treatments. During the third week postweaning (phase II) , the digestibilities of GE and CP of pigs fed the diet containing sucrose were higher than those of the other treatments. In experiment 2, overall, no significant differences were found in ADG, ADFI and FCR. During the initial 14 d postweaning (phase I), no significant differences were found in nutrient digestibilities except for gross energy (GE) digestibility. GE digestibility obtained from diet A was greater (PO.05) than that from diet D, while those for diets B, C and E were intermediate.
International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings and Industry S . M . O solution : an innovative design approach to optimize the output of BIPV systems located in dense urban environments

BIPV technologies applied to façades are strongly affected by complex and dynamic shadings especially when located in dense urban environments. In this case, the shading effects need to be evaluated in detail in order to properly estimate the energy yield and optimise the energy harvest of such PV systems. The S.M. O (String Matching Optimisation) solution represents a new approach, entirely based on open-source software, which allows a very accurate study of the shading effects on façades and the investigation of electrical behaviour of BIPV strings under complex irradiation patterns. This solution has been validated with a real pilot BIPV façade located in southern Switzerland and the model was simulated on other theoretical PV façades with different levels of complexity. The presented method allows an accurate evaluation and optimisation of the energy yield of BIPV facades in complex urban environments. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review by the scientific conference committee of SHC 2015 under responsibility of PSE AG.
Conceptualizing as Regards Educational Change and Pedagogical Knowledge: How Novice Teacher-Researchers’ Proposals Illustrate this Relationship

Our insights regarding the relationship among the concepts of change, transformation, and innovation concerning pedagogical knowledge are present throughout the manuscript. We focus on the conceptualizations of change resulting from experiential and academic knowledge. Our shared perspectives as a teacher educator and a student teacher from which to see teaching, learning, language, and literacy are also at the core of the discussion. We complement our discussion with theoretical information from specialized sources and practical experiences that have taken the shape of thesis and monograph projects. In them, we looked at reflections and questions about language and literacy in pedagogical practices, alternatives for school life experiences, the balance between theory and practice in educational contexts, and the social dimension of knowledge. Key words: Educational change, pedagogical knowledge, pedagogical innovation, teacher research Este articulo contiene la relacion entre los conceptos de cambio, transformacion e innovacion relacionados con el conocimiento pedagogico. Nos concentramos en las conceptualizaciones de cambio resultantes del conocimiento experiencial y academico. La ensenanza, el aprendizaje, el lenguaje y la lectoescritura son vistas desde nuestras perspectivas compartidas como formador de educadores y docente principiante. Complementamos estas discusiones con informacion teorica y experiencias practicas que han tomado la forma de tesis y monografias. En estas, miramos el proceso de reflexion, el proceso de indagacion acerca de lenguaje y lectura y escritura en practicas pedagogicas, alternativas para experiencias de vida escolar, balance entre teoria y practica en contextos educacionales y la dimension social de conocimiento. Palabras claves: Cambio educacional, conocimiento pedagogico, innovacion pedagogica, investigacion por profesores
State-Mediated Globalization Processes and the Adoption of Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting in China

ABSTRACT Despite the prevalence of global diffusion, little is known about the processes by which international practices are adopted and adapted within organizations around the world. Through our qualitative research on the introduction of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting at two leading Chinese companies, we identify a unique set of political mechanisms that we label state-mediated globalization, whereby powerful nation-state actors influence the ways in which corporations adopt and adapt global norms and practices. We find that businesses’ needs for political legitimacy from a key stakeholder, in this case the government, leads them to deviate systematically from the global practice in both form and content. These intentional practice adaptations are then legitimized by the government to create internationalization tools and localized standards to aid adoption by other organizations. Our findings illustrate previously unidentified mechanisms by which powerful stakeholders such as the Chinese government may mediate, and thereby direct, the ways in which corporations adopt and adapt global CSR practices. Contributions to understanding the political processes of institutional translation in the context of globalization are discussed.
GLOBAL SIGNIFICANCE OF AN ISOTOPIC RECORD FROM THE NEW JERSEY COASTAL PLAIN : LINKAGE BETWEEN THE SHELF AND DEEP SEA IN THE LATE PALEOCENE TO EARLY EOCENE

Stratigraphic correlation between shallow-water and deep-sea sections has proven notoriously difficult because of hiatuses, diachrony of marker species, and diagenesis on the shelf. Isotope stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and magnetostratigraphy reveal that sedimentation on the New Jersey Margin (Island Beach borehole) was relatively continuous during the late Paleocene and early Eocene (~58−52.5 Ma). All planktonic foraminiferal and calcareous nannofossil zones are represented at Island Beach. However, two disconformities are recognized in the upper Paleocene to lower Eocene section: a physical surface (lithologic change) at the Vincentown/Manasquan contact (uppermost Paleocene), which has a hiatus of ~0.3 m.y. , and a ~0.4-m.y. gap associated with a paraconformity in the lower Eocene section. Stable isotopic data from the New Jersey Margin indicate that this neritic section can be successfully correlated to the deep sea using δ13C and δ18O of benthic foraminiferal calcite. Comparison between the Island Beach and global isotopic records (as represented by deep Pacific Site 577) shows that Island Beach parallels the global trend in both δ18O and δ13C. All major features of the late Paleocene to early Eocene global isotopic record are preserved, including general δ18O decrease, step-like δ13C decrease, and the well-known latest Paleocene δ13C excursion. We recognize three 1to 1.5-m.y. δ13C steps over our interval of study at both Island Beach and the deep Pacific (~56.6−55.8 Ma; ~55.5−54 Ma; ~53.6−52.6 Ma). These steps are correlative with intervals of increased paleodepth, as indicated by benthic foraminiferal biofacies studies, and decreased δ18O values. We suggest a link between increased temperature and sea level, and reduced organic carbon burial in the deep sea. Previous workers identified a latest Paleocene benthic foraminiferal faunal change on the New Jersey Margin (Clayton borehole). They suggested that this faunal turnover was the neritic correlative of the well-known latest Paleocene benthic extinction event. Our data indicate that at Island Beach, uppermost Paleocene δ13C and δ18O excursions occur above the disconformity and the associated shallow-water benthic foraminiferal faunal change. This isotopic excursion may be synchronous with the deep-sea extinction event or with a younger δ13C decrease. We suggest that the benthic foraminiferal event on the New Jersey Margin was the result of a dramatic water-depth increase on the shelf and was unrelated to the deep-sea extinction.
Analgesic and central nervous system depressant activities of methanol extract of Ziziphus rugosa Lam. Leaves

The present investigation was designed to evaluate the analgesic and central nervous system (CNS) depressant activities of the methanolic extract of Ziziphus rugosa Lam. in rat model. The analgesic activity of the extract was examined using acetic acid-induced writhing test (chemically induced pain) at the doses of 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight. Further, the CNS depressant activity of the plant extract was evaluated by open field and hole cross tests at the doses of 300 and 500 mg/kg body weight. In the analgesic activity test, the methanolic extract of Z. rugosa showed significant (p < 0.01) antinociceptive activity in a dose dependent manner. The extract at the dose of 300 mg/kg exhibited 51.87% inhibition of writhing response which was comparable to the reference drug Indomethacin (55.20%). On the other hand, the plant extract also demonstrated significant (p < 0.01) dose-dependent reduction of locomotor and exploratory activities in the open field and hole cross tests. This analgesic and CNS-depressant activity of the extract might be due to the presence of biologically important chemical compounds.
Feeding by grey seals in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and around Newfoundland

Diet composition of grey seals in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Gulf) and around the coast of Newfoundland, Canada, was examined using identification of otoliths recovered from digestive tracts. Prey were recovered from 632 animals. Twenty-nine different prey taxa were identified. Grey seals sampled in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence fed mainly on capelin, mackerel, wolffish and lumpfish during the spring, but consumed more cod, sandlance and winter flounder during late summer. Overall, the southern Gulf diet was more diverse, with sandlance, Atlantic cod, cunner, white hake and Atlantic herring dominating the diet. Capelin and winter flounder were the dominant prey in grey seals sampled from the east coast of Newfoundland, while Atlantic cod, flatfish and capelin were the most important prey from the south coast. Animals consumed prey with an average length of 20.4 cm (Range 4.2-99.2 cm). Capelin were the shortest prey (Mean = 13.9 cm, SE = 0.08, N = 1126), while wolffish were the longest with the largest fish having an estimated length of 99.2 cm (Mean = 59.4, SE = 2.8, N = 63). In the early 1990s most cod fisheries in Atlantic Canada were closed because of the collapse of the stocks. Since then they have shown limited sign of recovery. Diet samples from the west coast of Newfoundland indicate a decline in the contribution of cod to the diet from the pre-collapse to the postcollapse period, while samples from the southern Gulf indicate little change in the contribution of cod.
Effects of mixing state on optical and radiative properties of black carbon in the European Arctic

Abstract. Atmospheric aging promotes internal mixing of black carbon (BC), leading to an enhancement of light absorption and radiative forcing. The relationship between BC mixing state and consequent absorption enhancement was never estimated for BC found in the Arctic region. In the present work, we aim to quantify the absorption enhancement and its impact on radiative forcing as a function of microphysical properties and mixing state of BC observed in situ at the Zeppelin Arctic station (78∘ N) in the spring of 2012 during the CLIMSLIP (Climate impacts of short-lived pollutants in the polar region) project. Single-particle soot photometer (SP2) measurements showed a mean mass concentration of refractory black carbon (rBC) of 39 ng m−3, while the rBC mass size distribution was of lognormal shape, peaking at an rBC mass-equivalent diameter (DrBC) of around 240 nm. On average, the number fraction of particles containing a BC core with DrBC>80 nm was less than 5 % in the size range (overall optical particle diameter) from 150 to 500 nm. The BC cores were internally mixed with other particulate matter. The median coating thickness of BC cores with 220 nm < DrBC< 260 nm was 52 nm, resulting in a core–shell diameter ratio of 1.4, assuming a coated sphere morphology. Combining the aerosol absorption coefficient observed with an Aethalometer and the rBC mass concentration from the SP2, a mass absorption cross section (MAC) of 9.8 m2 g−1 was inferred at a wavelength of 550 nm. Consistent with direct observation, a similar MAC value (8.4 m2 g−1 at 550 nm) was obtained indirectly by using Mie theory and assuming a coated-sphere morphology with the BC mixing state constrained from the SP2 measurements. According to these calculations, the lensing effect is estimated to cause a 54 % enhancement of the MAC compared to that of bare BC particles with equal BC core size distribution. Finally, the ARTDECO radiative transfer model was used to estimate the sensitivity of the radiative balance to changes in light absorption by BC as a result of a varying degree of internal mixing at constant total BC mass. The clear-sky noontime aerosol radiative forcing over a surface with an assumed wavelength-dependent albedo of 0.76–0.89 decreased, when ignoring the absorption enhancement, by −0.12 W m−2 compared to the base case scenario, which was constrained with mean observed aerosol properties for the Zeppelin site in Arctic spring. The exact magnitude of this forcing difference scales with environmental conditions such as the aerosol optical depth, solar zenith angle and surface albedo. Nevertheless, our investigation suggests that the absorption enhancement due to internal mixing of BC, which is a systematic effect, should be considered for quantifying the aerosol radiative forcing in the Arctic region.
Strontium, .DELTA.18O and .DELTA.13C as palaeo-indicators of unconformities: Case of the Aleg and Abiod formations (Upper Cretaceous) in the Miskar Field, Southeastern Tunisia

A carbon and oxygen stable-isotope study was undertaken on samples from the uppermost Turonian-Santonian Aleg Formation and the Campanian-lowest Maastrichtian Abiod Formation from four wells in the Miskar Field (W1, W2, W3, and W4), Gulf Gabes, offshore southeastern Tunisia. The strontium contents of the same samples were also determined. Carbon isotopes generally yielded values typical of Upper Cretaceous chalks. Calculation of palaeotemperatures using the δ18O data obtained from the analysis of whole-rock samples from the four wells, in most cases generated higher values than those believed to characterize Santonian-Campanian ocean surface waters. This general negative shift in δ18O values is thought to be related to alteration that has resulted from burial diagenesis. Strontium contents in the Abiod Formation are typical of Cretaceous - Tertiary chalks.Top Aleg samples are depleted by around -0.6‰ δ18O and -0.1‰ δ13C compared to the Abiod samples, and by up to -300 μg/g Sr. Depletion in δ13C, δ18O and strontium in the Aleg Formation is attributed to alteration by meteoric waters, indicating that the top of the Formation has been subject to both meteoric and burial diagenesis. This contrasts with the Abiod Formation which yields unaltered δ13C and strontium values, and oxygen-isotope data which, although lighter than those typical of pristine Upper Cretaceous sediments, are heavier than those recorded in the Aleg Formation, suggesting that only burial diagenesis has affected the younger sediments. In our case, the use of the oxygen data for the calculation of marine palaeotemperatures is not reliable.The strontium concentration, oxygen and carbon stable-isotope data indicate the presence of an unconformity between the Abiod Formation and the Aleg Formation, with possible subaerial exposure of the top of the Aleg Formation, probably during the Coniacian-Santonian and earliest Campanian. This result is consistent with the biostratigraphy of the four wells which confirms that an unconformity exists between the two formations.
Negative relationship between plumage colour and breeding output in female great tits, Parus major

Hypothesis: A higher carotenoid content of the plumage has usually been considered an indicator of superior individual quality in birds. Therefore, we expected a positive relationship between breeding output and plumage yellowness of male and female parents. Organism: Great tit (Parus major). Field site: Deciduous and coniferous forests in Estonia. Search method: We examined whether basic breeding parameters were related to the plumage hue of male and female breeding partner in this monogamous species. We conducted our study in two years, differing markedly from each other in weather conditions during the breeding season and overall breeding success. Results: Contrary to our expectation, more yellow females had on average lower fledging success and fewer fledglings than less yellow females in the year when breeding conditions were unfavourable. Colourful females were in better body condition than dull females during the nestling period. Breeding output was not significantly related to male plumage yellowness.
Disease epidemiology and genetic diversity of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis, cause of fusarium wilt of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Vascular wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis (Foe) has devasted of oil palm in west and central Africa. This study investigates the spatial distribution of Foe, whereby non-random, clustered patterns of the disease were recorded in four separate plantations in Ghana; infection from tree to tree via elongating roots therefore plays a more significant role than aerial distribution by conidiospores, with management implications. Control of Foe with disease-resistant palm lines can depend on the genetic variability of Foe isolates. Twenty-two putative Foe isolates from several African countries, including Ghana, were obtained from oil palms in infected areas for phylogenetic analysis along with 19 fungal outgroups, using the TEF-1α gene. The data showed Foe isolates have a monophyletic origin, and therefore limited diversity. Palm adapted isolates of F. oxysporum appear to have evolved independently, as ff. spp. elaeidis, albedinis and canariensis were nested into three independent groups. Slowly developing (chronic) and fast, severe (acute) Fusarium wilt are both evident in plantations and we provide preliminary evidence that Foe isolates’ different aggressiveness might contribute to this variation. Sampling for Foe infection from xylem in extracted stem cores revealed the deficiency of field surveys based only on visual symptoms.
Trypsin: A Novel Scavenger of Superoxide Anion

Trypsin is a serine protease found in the digestive system of many vertebrates, where it hydrolyses proteins. The superoxide scavenging activity of trypsin was accidentally found. Results showed that trypsin could scavenge superoxide in both intracorporal and extracorporal systems. The value of km of superoxide scavenging presented by the trypsin was 0.0618 mm The rate of superoxide scavenging increased up to 0.103 μM/μg trypsin/min with the increasing of hydrogen peroxide production rate to a maximum of 0.00122 μM/μg trypsin/min. Trypsin has an optimal operating pH of within 7.5-8.5. The scavenging activity of trypsin was accelerated by copper and impeded by chelators of metals. These indubitable results suggested that trypsin is a novel scavenger of superoxide. The rate of superoxide scavenging and hydrogen peroxide production were impacted by the concentration of trypsin or riboflavin, pH or ions. Trypsin might be a potential drug for anti-oxidant stress in human