Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Third-order Nonlinear Optical Properties of An Organo-metallic Complex

The 2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiolato (dmit) complexes exhibits very large and fast third-order NLO response and may be promising candidates for the applications in the field of nonlinear optics. An organo- metallic complex, ethyltriphenylphosphonium bis(2-thioxo- 1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiolato)aurate(III) (abbreviated as TPEtAu) is synthesized and the third-order nonlinear optical properties of TPEtAu dissolved in acetonitrile are investigated by Z-scan technique with 20 ps pulse width at 1064 nm and 532 nm, respectively. The TPEtAu sample solution exhibits strong self-defocusing effect both at 1064 nm and 532 nm, the negative nonlinear refraction coefficients n2 are estimated to be as high as -8.48×10 -12 esu and -8.26×10 -12 esu, respectively. In additon, a reverse saturable absorption has been found only at 532 nm and the absorption coefficient β is 1.88×10 -11 m/W. All the results suggest that TPEtAu has potential for the application of all- optical switching.
Comparison of slope stability methods of analysis

The paper compares six methods of slices commonly used for slope stability analysis. The factor of safety equations are written in the same form, recognizing whether moment and (or) force equilibrium is explicitly satisfied. The normal force equation is of the same form for all methods with the exception of the ordinary method. The method of handling the interslice forces differentiates the normal force equations.A new derivation for the Morgenstern–Price method is presented and is called the 'best-fit regression' solution. It involves the independent solution of the force and moment equilibrium factors of safety for various values of λ. The best-fit regression solution gives the same factor of safety as the 'Newton–Raphson' solution. The best-fit regression solution is readily comprehended, giving a complete understanding of the variation of the factor of safety with λ.
Armed Conflict 1946-2001: A New Dataset

In the period 1946-2001, there were 225 armed conflicts and 34 of them were active in all of or part of 2001. Armed conflict remains a serious problem in the post-Cold War period. For three decades, the Correlates of War project has served as the main supplier of reliable data used in longitudinal studies of external and internal armed conflict. The COW datasets on war use the relatively high threshold of 1,000 battle-deaths. The Uppsala dataset on armed conflict has a lower threshold, 25 annual battle-deaths, but has so far been available for only the post-Cold War period. This dataset has now been backdated to the end of World War II. This article presents a report on armed conflict based on this backdate as well as another annual update. It presents the procedures for the backdating, as well as trends over time and breakdowns for the type of conflict. It assesses the criteria for measuring armed conflict and discusses some directions for future data collection in this area.
Multivariate Correlation Matrix-Based Deep Learning Model With Enhanced Heuristic Optimization for Short-Term Traffic Forecasting

Accurately capturing the spatial correlations of traffic network significantly benefits short-term traffic forecasting. Some existing works represent spatial correlations in a simple one-dimensional space, but they cannot represent the real spatial correlations among sensors comprehensively. The other existing works represent the spatial correlations through grid-based method, but the local correlation of constructed spatial map is too superficial to extract deep spatial features effectively. Therefore, a novel deep learning model is proposed, which aims to represent the spatial correlations more effectively through a new correlation matrix structure. In the proposed model, the correlations among sensors are calculated from multiple perspectives to construct the speed, volume, and occupancy correlation matrices respectively. Then, considering that highly correlated sensors are close in the spatial dimension, an enhanced heuristic optimization algorithm is proposed to evolve these three correlation matrices into optimal ones by reorganizing the highly correlated sensors into each other's neighborhood. Finally, the three optimal correlation matrices are combined to form a three-dimensional multivariate correlation matrix characterized by locally high correlation, which is beneficial to exploit the deep spatial features of traffic network. The experiments show that the proposed model has better accuracy and stability than other commonly used baseline models.
LCC-The Economic Pillar of Sustainability: Methodology and Application to Wastewater Treatment

Industrial applications of supply chain cost management, along with life cycle costing of goods and services, are increasing. Several industrial sectors, in particular the automotive, electronics, and primary materials, have engaged in programs to coordinate upstream and downstream activities to reduce environmental burdens. At the same time, there is an increasing need to pass on information on product, material, and energy flows along the supply chain, as well as to provide data on the use and end-of-life phases of goods and services. Therefore, methods to analyze, assess, and manage these flows, from an economic as well as an environmental perspective, are of essential importance, particularly in established large-scale industries where suppliers are increasingly challenged to provide comprehensive cost and environmental information. In this context, a life cycle costing analysis (LCC), conducted as part of life cycle management activities, can provide important opportunities. Therefore, this paper focuses on a life cycle assessment (LCA)-based LCC method, which utilizes an LCA model as a basis for cost estimations in product development and planning. A case study on life cycle costing of wastewater treatment illustrates the practical use and benefits of the method.
Motorcyclist Impacts into Roadside Barriers

This paper reports on a study that reviewed the European Standard EN 1317-8 for motorists crashing into barriers and the relevance to Australian motorcycle fatalities. The data collection and analysis of 78 Australian motorcyclist-into-barrier fatalities described here were used to justify the review. In Australia each year approximately 15 motorcyclists die from striking a road safety barrier. A retrospective analysis of the fatalities during 2001 to 2006 (n = 78) was carried out. Consistent with European findings, approximately half the motorcyclists were in the upright posture when they struck the barrier, whereas half slid into the barrier. The mean precrash speed was 100.8 km/h, and the mean impact angle was 15.48. The areas of the body that were injured were similar across different barrier types (concrete, wire rope, and W-beam) and crash postures. The thorax area had the highest incidence of injury and maximum injury in fatal motorcycle crashes into barriers; the head area had the second-highest incidence of injury. Moreover, thorax and pelvis injuries had a greater association with sliding crashes than with those in the upright posture. The existing European Standard EN 1317-8 addresses only the sliding mechanism, uses a head injury criterion, and does not specify any thorax injury criterion. It was proposed that a thorax injury criterion and an additional test should be introduced with the rider in the upright position when striking the barrier and then sliding along the top of the barrier.
Comments on "Threshold voltage model for deep-submicrometer MOSFETs

For the original article see ibid., vol. 40, no. 1, p. 86-94 (1993). From the analytical solution of Poisson's equation in the depletion layer of a MOSFET in weak inversion, the commenter finds an exact expression of the threshold voltage, valid for all drain biases and channel lengths (if they are greater than the minimum acceptable value) using the same procedure as in the aforementioned paper by Z. -H. Liu et al. >
5.3A/400V normally-off AlGaN/GaN-on-Si MOS-HEMT with high threshold voltage and large gate swing

Normally-off AlGaN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor high electron mobility transistors (MOS-HEMTs) on Si substrate were fabricated with the fluorine-based treatment technique. By employing a 20nm-thick Al2O3 gate dielectric deposited by atomic layer deposition, the fabricated MOS-HEMT exhibits a large positive threshold voltage of + 3.5V, a maximum gate input voltage of 15V, a maximum saturate drain current of 5.3A and an off-state breakdown voltage of 402V. The high threshold voltage and the large input voltage swing is expected to improve the electromagnetic interference immunity and safety of AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT power switches.
A Community-Based Approach to Sustainable Urban Regeneration

THIS paper outlines the research that has been carried out to understand Large Urban Distressed Areas (LUDAs) and the community-based approach to sustainable urban regeneration that cities are developing to meet the challenges LUDAs pose.1 After exposing the limits of current government policy towards LUDAs and offering a critique of the property-market based approaches underlying them, the paper goes on to highlight the key roles community participation and futures workshops2 can play in sustaining their regeneration and bringing about improvements in the quality of life.
Molecular Docking, Pharmacokinetics, and Toxicity Prediction of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) on IKK Receptor in Photoaging Prevention

Photoaging is skin aging, caused by chronic exposure of ultraviolet radiation. Photoaging decreases patients’ quality of life because the skin was the outer organ seen by others. Ultraviolet radiation causes oxidative stress, that activated inhibitory kappa B kinase (IKK), increased nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), and degradation of collagen. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was the main green tea polyphenol and the main source of biologic activity of green tea. This study was an in silico study, aimed to obtain the effectiveness of EGCG component through molecular docking on IKK receptor (PDB ID: 5EBZ). The bioinformatics tools based on reverse docking used in this study, were Protein Data Bank, ChemDraw, Chem3D, and Molegro Virtual Docker software. Docking and binding site analysis showed, that EGCG was able to interact with IKK receptor. Rerank score of interaction between EGCG and IKK receptor was higher than that of arbutin and 5TL_701[A]. It showed that EGCG has higher potential in photoaging prevention than arbutin, as one of the agents in photoaging prevention. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity (ADMET) prediction in this in silico study were conducted using pkCSM On Line tool. The pkCSM results showed EGCG was predicted having good pharmacokinetics profile without toxicity effect.
Raising accuracy in finding method of radiated emission sources utilizing CISPR emission measurement system

Raising accuracy in the method of finding radiated emission sources utilizing the CISPR emission measurement system, which uses only amplitude data without phase, is studied. Both in experimental verification and in computer simulation, convergence and local minimum problem of the finding algorithm are improved by adding Marquardt's constant and giving the most suitable initial position. The position estimation deviation /spl Delta/d between the estimated and the given current positions is 0.08 m and the amplitude estimation deviation /spl Delta/j is 0.5 dB (at 500 MHz) when two spherical dipole antennas are used as ideal emission sources, which reveals the applicability of this method.
Conditional and marginal performance of the Poisson CUSUM control chart with parameter estimation

Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) type control charts are widely used in industry because of their effectiveness for process control. The Poisson CUSUM is a powerful and easy-to-implement control chart, which is appropriate for monitoring the counts of nonconformities in a unit from a repetitive production process. In the literature, control chart performances are generally evaluated under the assumption of known in-control process parameters. However, in-control process parameters are rarely known in practice and often parameter estimates from a reference sample are used instead. As a consequence of the additional variability introduced by parameter estimation, operational performance of a control chart might differ from the expected performance when the parameters are known. In this paper, effect of estimated process mean on the conditional and marginal performance of the Poisson CUSUM chart are quantified. The Markov Chain approach is used for calculating the aspects of the run length distribution. The effect of estimation on the in-control average run length performance is shown to be significant. Sample-size recommendations are provided.
Integrated powertrain control to meet low CO2 emissions for a hybrid distribution truck with scr-denox system

This article presents a cost-based optimization strategy that explicitly deals with the requirements for fuel consumption and emissions. Based on the Integrated Powertrain Control (IPC) approach, the overall powertrain performance is optimized by integrated energy and emission management. The potential of this strategy is demonstrated for a parallel hybrid diesel truck with a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) de-NOx system. New results are presented for a challenging city cycle; although the average power demand is low, IPC is able to keep the SCR catalyst temperature relatively high. With this IPC approach, the CO2-NOx trade-off is optimized in a systematic way. It is demonstrated that CO2 emissions and related operating costs are reduced by 3.5% or 24.9% NOx emission reduction is achieved, depending on the applied IPC calibration. Copyright © 2011 by ASME.
Noise Control of a High Reynolds Number High Speed Heated Jet Using Plasma Actuators

Localized arc filament plasma actuators (LAFPAs) have been used to control the flow and far-field acoustics of high Reynolds number, high-speed unheated jets at the Gas Dynamics and Turbulence Laboratory. The jet facility consists of an axisymmetric jet of exit diameter 2.54 cm with different nozzle blocks and variable jet temperature in an anechoic chamber. The focus of this paper is on the effect of control on far-field noise in a high subsonic (Mj = 0.9) jet over a wide range of temperatures. A total of sixteen combinations of forcing azimuthal modes (m = 0, 1, 3, and ±4) and temperature ratios (To/Ta = 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5) at a wide range of forcing frequencies were utilized to explore LAFPAs' effect on far-field noise. LAFPAs show significant noise reduction around the peak frequency in shallow angles and a small increase in higher frequencies. The level of reduction is lower and the level of increase is higher towards the sideline. Consistent with previous works, the results show that forcing with higher azimuthal modes produces greater noise reduction. LAFPAs produce large amplitude narrowband tones in this small jet that are believed to be less significant in larger jets. The impact of these forcing tones is isolated and discussed. Across the range of temperatures explored, the effectiveness of LAFPAs improves as temperature increases. Possible reasons for the increase in effectiveness are discussed.
The Application of LabVIEW in Data Acquisition System of Solar Absorption Refrigerator

In order to enhance the coefficient of performance of solar absorption refrigerator and analyse the system performance, it was necessary to collect the operation parameters in the system. This paper put forward to combine the technique of visual instrument and the characteristic of solar absorption refrigerator, using National Instrument’s product LabVIEW, to develop an effective data acquisition(DAQ) system. This DAQ system can realize the real-time data acquisition of temperature, water flow rate and pressure as well as data transmission, processing, and display, in addition to provide users with historic data inquire. It saved a lot of labor power and material resources so that it made measurement more convenient and fast.
Seismic Reliability of Special Moment Steel Frames with Welded Connections: I

The Northridge earthquake of 1994 led to numerous weld fractures in beam-to-column connections in welded special moment-resisting frames. To address building performance issues raised by these failures and to support improvements in probability-based load resistance factor design for steel building structures, four welded special moment-resisting frames of different sizes and configurations that suffered connection damage during the earthquake are evaluated using both deterministic and stochastic approaches. The results of this investigation are presented in two companion papers. This paper focuses on deterministic dynamic modeling issues, using a new hysteretic model that incorporates the effects of connection weld fractures on building response and ground motions believed to be representative of the Northridge earthquake. The degraded connection model results in somewhat larger frame deformations, but its impact only becomes significant at spectral accelerations larger than those believed to have occurred. The agreement of predicted and surveyed damage was quite good for two of the frames, but not as good for the other two. Inherent randomness and modeling uncertainties limit the quality of the agreement that is possible from a single deterministic analysis. Thus, in the companion paper, the role of uncertainties in making such comparisons is investigated. Randomizing the strength and ground motion yields a probabilistic description of building performance that places such comparisons of predicted and observed damage in better perspective.
Design, fabrication, and experimental demonstration of a piezoelectric cantilever for a low resonant frequency microelectromechanical system vibration energy harvester

Abstract. We compare the performances of vibration-powered microelectromechanical system (MEMS) electrical generators using a Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) material. With the aid of a finite element method simulation, we have designed a PZT cantilever-based energy-harvesting system that uses mechanical vibration. We fabricate cantilevers on the MEMS scale with an integrated variable Si proof mass to obtain a low resonant frequency and high current. Based on simulation results, we fabricate cantilever devices with integrated Si proof masses with volumes of about 0.32 and 0.53 mm3. These devices compare favorably to the data obtained through simulation. Further, by comparing variable mass volumes, we obtain a high current and low resonant frequency. Similar results are obtained by simulation and experiment. Therefore, we offer a new and predictable means of obtaining a low resonant frequency for application to a micropower source area. Furthermore, from the size effect of the proof mass volume, we obtain the current and resonant frequency of these energy harvester systems. The possibility of a MEMS-scale power source for energy conversion experiments is also tested.
Liquid–liquid separation of zirconium and hafnium from nitric liquor in order to obtain nuclear zirconium oxide using TBP as extractant

Abstract A specific process to obtain nuclear grade zirconium oxide from a nitric acid liquor is described in this work. The liquor was obtained after alkali fusion and water leaching of a zircon concentrate. The production of nuclear zirconium oxide is possible when tributyl phosphate (TBP) is used as extractant with a high acidity nitric liquor. This study comprises steps: (i) batch experiments in order to select the best conditions for the process and (ii) continuous experiments carried out in counter current mixer-settler circuits. The batch experiments indicated that an increase in nitrate concentration did not correspond to a rise in the separation factor among Zr and Hf. Acidity has a significant influence on the Zr/Hf separation. For the organic phase containing 2.5 mol L−1 of TBP and an aqueous/organic ratio of the 1/1, 94% of the Zr was extracted and a separation factor of the 13.8 was obtained in one contact of the aqueous and organic phase. In the optimized continuous circuit, a product containing 99% of Zr and 0.03% of Hf (200 mg kg−1), which meets the nuclear zirconium specifications, was obtained.
The Influence of the Spray Drying Process on Product Properties

Abstract Uniform and repeatable product characteristics are critical in the performance and acceptance of consumer products, and the spray drying process can have a major influence on achieving these characteristics. This article shares experiences in the Spray Drying of powdered detergent granules in Procter & Gamble. It looks at the influence of both process operation and process equipment design on product characteristics. Procter & Gamble (P&G) is a major global producer of consumer products in the areas of fabric and home care; personal and beauty care; health care; and snacks and beverages. Whilst different drying operations, and product quality measuring tools are mentioned by Genskow (Genskow, L.R.1 Considerations in Drying Consumer Products, Proceedings of 6th International Drying Symposium, Versailles, September, 1988; Keynote lecture, 39–46.) as being involved in all of the categories of Company production, I will concentrate on the counter-current Spray Drying process and controls, used in the manufacture of most of the detergent granules business of P&G. This area is the oldest and largest of the Company's core business activities. Innovative technology development is critical in continuing to satisfy the consumer need for performance and value. Use of modeling in the spray drying process is helping the Company to move faster in delivering these advanced technologies. And, through better understanding of the process, it is possible to minimize capital expenditure, and improve trouble-shooting ability across the global production facilities.
Application of power system stabilisers in a plant with identical units

A new modal technique to analyse the effects of a signal to be fed back by stabilisers in a plant with identical units is proposed. The contribution of a mode on an output signal is used as a measure of the coupling input-mode-output to verify the effectiveness of the signal. The effects of stabilisers on oscillation modes are then analysed. Attention is then paid to selective control of modes. It was concluded that not only a sum of speeds, but many other signals may be used for cancellation of the contribution of intraplant modes on system response. With this cancellation, stabilisers may be applied on a plant without deteriorating the damping of these modes.