Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic variability and association analysis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) treated with Trichoderma harzianum

An investigation was carried out to analyze the extant of genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and character association for grain yield with yield attributing traits in treated rice with Trichoderma harzianum. Analysis of variance revealed considerable variability among the germplasms for all traits under study. Coefficients of genotypic and phenotypic variability were observed for most of the traits both in treated and their control plot. High heritability along with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was found in the trait number of grains per panicle. High heritability but low value of genetic advance for days to maturity, days to 50% flowering and panicle length in treated and their control plot. Results indicated that test weight, panicle length and number of tillers per plant had strong positive and significant association at genotypic as well as phenotypic level with grain yield per plot in treated and untreated both plots. Thus, selection based on these traits will be effective in improving the grain yield in rice along with seed treated with Trichoderma harzianum.
Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi Students’ Experiences on Using an Authentication and Authorship Checking System in E-Assessment

The aim of this study was to identify students’ experiences in using an authentication and authorship checking system in e-assessment. The study was carried out within the context of the TeSLA Project (an Adaptive Trust-based e-Assessment System for Learning), which was developed under a Horizon 2020 project funded by the European Commission. The TeSLA system involves several instruments such as face recognition, voice recognition, keystroke dynamics, forensic analysis, and plagiarism tools for authentication and authorship checking in e-assessment. The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey. Participants were 735 students from three universities in Spain, Bulgaria and Turkey. Students used the TeSLA system during 2018-2019 Spring Semester for their e-assessment activities in 92 undergraduate and graduate courses. Data was collected via a pre-questionnaire before the implementation of the TeSLA system in the courses and a post-questionnaire after testing the system. Descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA Test were used for data analysis. As a result, students had different perceptions and experiences in using the TeSLA system; while some students had positive views, some of them expressed contrary opinions. The findings of the study were discussed in detail in the context of relevant literature.
Crystal structure of (tricyclohexylphosphane-κP)-[(Z)-N-(3-fluorophenyl)-O-methylthiocarbamato-k1S]gold(I), C26H40AuFNOPS

Abstract C26H40AuFNOPS, triclinic, P1 (no. 1), a = 9.62498(7) Å, b = 11.78239(10) Å, c = 12.74349(13) Å, α = 78.7411(8)°, β = 73.5635(8)°, γ = 76.6096(1)°, V = 1335.34(2) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0224, wRref(F2) = 0.0557, T = 100 K.
Expression of resistance to Blumeria graminis in barley genotypes (Hordeum vulgare L.) under field and controlled conditions

Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis has been the major yield-reducing factor for barley production during the last decade. The aim of this investigation was to determine the reliability of artificial seedling inoculation compared with natural infection data and to determine differences in resistance of the differential barley genotypes originating from widely dispersed areas to the disease in two climatically different years. The overall response to powdery mildew differed with the differences in susceptibility levels of the genotypes. Across genotypes, there was a high correlation between artificial and natural conditions (r =0.84, P<0.01). The German genotype "Banteng" had the best level of resistance to the disease, and is a candidate donor for resistance in future breeding programmes. Attained information from this study suggests that artificial seedling inoculation under controlled conditions provides consistent information on barley response, and reliable host reaction data could be obtained through speed up the breeding process by allowing multiple cycles of screening and selection in 1 year.
Balancing organic carbon supply and consumption in the ocean's interior: Evidence from repeated biogeochemical observations conducted in the subarctic and subtropical western North Pacific

The heterotrophic prokaryotic carbon demand (PCD) in the ocean's interior often substantially exceeds (by up to two orders of magnitude) the amount of organic carbon supplied by sinking particulate organic carbon (POC). A hypothesis to explain this carbon imbalance proposes that some non‐steady‐state processes have not been considered in previous studies based on snapshot data. To test this hypothesis, we collected time‐series (2.5 yr) data on sinking POC fluxes using moored sediment traps (trap deployment depths: 200 m, 500 m, and 4810 m) and compared them with the PCD data collected seasonally at two stations in the subarctic and subtropical western North Pacific. The POC supplies (ΔPOC) in the 200–500 m and 500–4810 m layers were estimated with a correction, when appropriate, for the non‐steady‐state effect arising from the change in the POC flux during the transit of POC between the upper and deeper traps. In the 200–500 m layer, ΔPOC generally exceeded or equaled PCD. In contrast, in the 500–4810 m layer, PCD generally exceeded ΔPOC by up to sevenfold. However, on a yearly basis, this carbon imbalance in the deeper layer decreased, with PCD balancing ΔPOC within a factor of 2. Therefore, the enigma of the high PCD relative to the POC flux in deep water is partially resolved by assuming a temporal uncoupling between supply and consumption, which partly equilibrates the carbon budget over a longer (yearly) time scale.
Cellular and network mechanisms for learning and memory consolidation

In learning, repeated experiences might be integrated individually as they occur, or they might be combined within dedicated time windows, possibly promoting quality control. Here we show that in Pavlovian, incremental and incidental learning, related information acquired within time windows of 5h (time units for learning) is combined to determine whether and what mice learn. Trials required for learning had to occur within 5h, when learning-related shared partial cues could produce association and interference with learning. Upon acquisition, cFos expression was elevated during 5h throughout specific system-wide neuronal assemblies. Time unit function depended on network activity and cFos expression. Local cFos activity was required for distant assembly recruitment through network activity and distant BDNF. Long-term consolidation of the memories depends on processes occurring many hours after acquisition. Whether this involves plasticity that is specifically required for long-term consolidation remains unclear. We found that learning-induced plasticity of local parvalbumin (PV) basket cells was specifically required for long-term, but not short/intermediate-term, memory consolidation in mice. PV plasticity, which involves changes in PV and GAD67 expression and connectivity onto PV neurons, was regulated by cAMP signaling in PV neurons. At 12–14 h, PV plasticity was required for enhanced sharp-wave ripple densities and c-Fos expression in pyramidal neurons. Our results reveal general network mechanisms of long-term memory consolidation that requires plasticity of PV basket cells induced after acquisition and sustained subsequently through D1/5 receptor signaling. Upon learning, local inhibitory parvalbumin (PV)-expressing Basket cell networks can switch to opposite configurations that either favor or interfere with further learning, but how this opposite plasticity is induced and relates to distinct learning requirements has remained unclear. Here, we show that PV Basket cells consist of hitherto unrecognized subpopulations, with distinct schedules of neurogenesis, input connectivities, output target neurons, and roles in learning. Plasticity of hippocampal early-born PV neurons was recruited in rule consolidation, whereas plasticity of late-born PV neurons was recruited in new information acquisition. This involved regulation of early-born neuron plasticity specifically through excitation, and of late-born neuron plasticity specifically through inhibition. Therefore, opposite learning requirements are implemented by distinct local networks involving PV Basket cell subpopulations specifically regulated through inhibition or excitation.
Prevalence of antimicrobial resistant E. coli in water reservoirs

Background: The antibiogram of the E. coli isolated from the different water bodies contaminated by undefined fecal sources have been investigated. Aims and Objectives: To isolate E. coli from water sources and to evaluate their antimicrobial resistance/sensitivity pattern. Results: A total of 296 E. coli strains isolated from pooled samples. Approximately 50% of these isolates expressed resistance to one or more antimicrobials during the study. High degree of resistance was recorded to Ceftazidime followed by Co-trimoxazole, however isolates were also sensitive to Kanamycin and Streptomycin. Conclusion: Isolation of drug resistant E. coli in water reservoirs highlights the importance of water disinfection before its utilization for drinking purpose.
Screening of traits for higher biochemical constituents production in Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) plants harvested at pre-flowering stage

In case of various medicinal plants, understanding the association of biochemical constituents with its contributing component is of paramount importance for utilizing the best use of their relationship because it is a complex character and depending upon several components, polygenic in inheritance and prone to influenced by the environment. In this regard, an experiment was conducted to know the traits relation and impact of various traits on andrographolide, neo-andrographolide and diterpenoid yield from the plants of Kalmegh harvested at pre-flowering stage. Highly significantly positive correlation of andrographolide % and neo-andrographolide % was observed with andrographolide yield (0.634 and 0.599 respectively) and diterpenoid lactones yield (0.523 and 0.766 respectively) in Kalmegh plants harvested at pre-flowering stage. Multiple regression analysis of biochemical parameters showed that andrographolide yield and neo-andrographolide yield contributed significantly towards higher diterpenoid lactones yield in Kalmegh plants at pre-flowering stage. Path value analysis of biochemical parameters showed maximum direct positive effect by neo-andrographolide yield (0.572) on diterpenoid lactones yield in plants of Kalmegh at pre-flowering stage. Principal component analysis of biochemical characters in Kalmegh plants at before flowering stage showed that neo-andrographolide, diterpenoid lactones and andrographolide yield had maximum genetic advance (111.34%, 90.66% and 79.81% respectively), which indicates further scope of improvement in Kalmegh for higher biochemical production and indicating its significance to be selected as important biochemical parameters for its crop improvement programme.
Dietary supplementation with sodium butyrate: growth, gut response at different ages, and meat quality of female and male broiler chickens

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate how dietary supplementation with a microencapsulated sodium butyrate (500 mg/kg; 30% Na-butyrate) in 768 male and female broiler chickens affected growth performance, jejunum gut morphology and caecal microbiome at different ages (11, 24, and 35 d), slaughter results, meat quality, and myopathy (white striping, wooden breast, and spaghetti meat) occurrence. No health problem was recorded (mortality < 1%) and Na-butyrate supplementation did not affect performance throughout the trial, nor did it affect gut morphology or microbiota composition and abundance at different ages. Additionally, dietary treatment did not affect slaughter results, meat quality, or myopathy rate, whereas the rate of females affected by spaghetti meat tended to be higher in those fed the control compared with the Na-butyrate diet (33.3% versus 16.7%; p = .06). Moreover, males showed a higher wooden breast (21.9% versus 7.3%; p ≤ .01) and a lower spaghetti meat (3.1% versus 25.0%; p ≤ .001) rate compared with females. Finally, the richness index (i.e. the number of different species represented in an ecological community, landscape, or region) in the caecum increased (p ≤ .001) with increasing chicken age, and the community composition was also affected (adonis p ≤ .001). In conclusions, under the good health condition of the present trial, the tested Na-butyrate had no effect on performance and gut response at different ages of broiler chickens. Moreover, the occurrence of spaghetti meat and wooden breast differed between males and females. Highlights Under optimal health conditions, Na-butyrate supplementation did not affect performance or gut response at different ages of broiler chickens. Males showed a significantly higher occurrence of wooden breasts, whereas females had higher rates of spaghetti meat. In females, the Na-butyrate supplementation tended to reduce the occurrence of spaghetti meat.
Solvability of fractional differential inclusions with nonlocal initial conditions via resolvent family of operators

Abstract In this paper, we consider mild solutions to fractional differential inclusions with nonlocal initial conditions. The main results are proved under conditions that (i) the multivalued term takes convex values with compactness of resolvent family of operators; (ii) the multivalued term takes nonconvex values with compactness of resolvent family of operators and (iii) the multivalued term takes nonconvex values without compactness of resolvent family of operators, respectively.
Ti-exchanged UiO-66-NH2–containing polyamide membranes with remarkable cation permselectivity

Abstract Monovalent cation permselective membranes (MCPMs) are highly desirable for the extraction of Li+ and Na+ ions from earth-abundant sources, such as salt lakes and seawater. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising functional nanomaterials with excellent potential for ion separation technologies owing to their regular structure and tunable pore sizes. However, the successful use of MOFs in ion separation membranes is still challenging owing to the numerous difficulties in preparing ultrathin and defect-free MOF membranes. Here, we proposed a facile post-synthetic method for the preparation of UiO-66(Zr/Ti)–NH2 and subsequently immobilized UiO-66(Zr/Ti)–NH2 in an ultrathin polyamide layer (~100 nm). The resulting thin-film nanocomposite membranes presented high monovalent cation flux and excellent selectivity for mono-/di-valent cations. The P N a + / M g 2 + and P L i + / M g 2 + permselectivities of the best-performing thin-film nanocomposite membrane were 13.44 and 11.38, respectively, which were 3.8 and 5.1 times higher, respectively, than those of the commercial state-of-art CSO membrane.
Antimicrobial activity of leaf callus of Bacopa Monnieri L.

Bacopa monnieri L. (family Scrophulariaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant in India, known locally as ibrahmi. In the current study, the methanolic extract of the leaf callus of Bacopa monnieri at the concentrations o.25, o.o5, o.o3 mg/disc was investigated for its antimicrobial activity by modified Kirby-Bauer diffusion method using ciprofloxacin and griseofulvin as antibacterial and antifungal reference standard respectively. The finding of this study revealed that the extract of the leaf callus of Bacopa monnieri possessed a dose dependent antimicrobial activity against all the tested bacterial and fungal species indicated by the zones of inhibition of the microbial growth. The antimicrobial effect of the plant callus under investigation was comparable with those of the reference standards.
Etude des altérations du métabolisme induites par le glutamate dans un modèle in vitro de la sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA) par une approche métabolomique

La Sclerose Laterale Amyotrophique (SLA) est une maladie neurodegenerative caracterisee par une perte selective des motoneurones et impliquant les effets neurotoxiques des astrocytes. Le but de ce travail est d’explorer les alterations du metabolisme dans les astrocytes induites par des conditions associees a la SLA. Nous avons dans un premier temps mis en place une methodologie d’analyse spectrometrique (resonance magnetique nucleaire et spectrometries de masse) du metabolome cellulaire. Ensuite, nous avons invalide les cellules NSC-34 comme modele in vitro d’etude de l’excitotoxicite induite par le glutamate. Nous avons enfin etudie les alterations metaboliques dans les astrocytes primaires dans des conditions de la SLA et decrit plusieurs dysfonctionnements metaboliques dans ces cellules induits par l’expression de la mutation SOD1G93A, par la presence des motoneurones sauvages et par l’exposition au glutamate. Ce travail met en evidence les relations metaboliques entre la SLA et le metabolisme energetique cerebral. Nos resultats contribuent a la comprehension des alterations metaboliques des astrocytes dans la SLA et pourraient aider a apprehender de nouvelles cibles therapeutiques associees aux alterations metaboliques dans la SLA, afin de proteger les motoneurones des perturbations induites par le glutamate.
Nesting patterns of bees (Apidae) in brick walls in southern Brazil

Aiming to verify the nesting pattern of solitary bee species, a study was performed (October 2012 to March 2013) in Joinville, SC, southern Brazil, along a brick wall. There were found the following species Melitoma segmentaria (Emphorini), Caenohalictus incertus (Halictini) and Leiopodus lacertinus (Protepeolini). 147 nests showed activity in the sampling period (118 of C. incertus, 29 of M. segmentaria), 98% located in the masonry. For M. segmentaria, 29 active nests were observed (density of 4.53/ m2), with an average distance of 12.22 cm between them, 17 nests between the ground and 90 cm high, istributed in aggregated form (R = 0.004, p <0.02). The nests opening measured on average 0.9 cm in diameter (n =29), two of them with a mud tower entrance 0.6 cm high, with a smooth inner wall and a outer, rough. For C. incertus, 118 active nests were observed (density of 18.43/ m2), with a mean distance of 8.18 cm from each other, 98 nests between the ground and 70 cm high, distributed in aggregated form (R = 0.066, p <0.09). Individuals of L. lacertinus were noticed in all observations days, at the entrance of nests of M. segmentaria. Anthrax cf. virgo emerged from M. segmentaria nests.
Osteogenic Potential of Fast Set Bioceramic Cements: Molecular and In Vitro Study

Recently, pre-mixed bioceramics in fast set formulations have been increasingly utilized in clinical practice as an alternative to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) for their shorter setting time and better handling properties. However, the impact on their osteogenic potential, due to modifications in chemical composition to promote a fast setting, is still unclear. This molecular and in vitro study compared the osteogenic potential of root repairing material putty fast set (FSP) with root-repairing material putty (RRMPU), root-repairing material paste (RRMPA), Biodentine™ and MTA. The null hypothesis tested was that there are no differences among the tricalcium silicate materials in terms of osteogenic potential. Standardized discs were cultured with MG-63 human osteoblastic-like cells to assess biocompatibility, the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteogenic potential. Biocompatibility was evaluated at baseline and after 24 and 48 h. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed after 15 days. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVAs and Tukey’s post-hoc test (p < 0.05). All materials showed biocompatibility and bioactivity. ALP activity, which induces mineral nodule deposition, increased in all the cements tested, with a significant increase in RRMPU (p < 0.001) and FSP (p < 0.001) samples versus MTA. In vitro mineralization was significantly increased for RRMPU (p < 0.0001), FSP (p = 0.00012) and Biodentine™ (p < 0.0001) versus MTA. The bioceramics tested showed higher levels of biocompatibility and bioactivity than MTA; a higher capacity for mineralization was observed with RRMPU and FSP versus MTA.
Feed efficiency and enteric methane production of Nellore cattle in the feedlot and on pasture

The objective of the present study was to assess the relationship between residual feed intake (RFI) evaluated in a feedlot-performance test and on pasture, and to determine the effect of feedlot RFI classification on enteric methane (CH4) production in the feedlot and on pasture. Seventy-three animals (25 with a low RFI, 24 with a medium RFI and 24 with a high RFI) classified in a feedlot performance test were subjected to performance testing on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture. Enteric CH4 was measured in a sample of these animals (n = 47, with high and low RFI) by the sulfur hexafluoride tracer-gas technique after the feedlot-performance test and during the performance test on pasture. In the feedlot-performance test, dry-matter intake (DMI) of low-RFI animals was 9.4% and 19.7% lower (P < 0.05) than that of medium- and high-RFI animals respectively. However, there was no difference in DMI and, consequently, in RFI on pasture among animals classified as low, medium and high RFI. Accordingly, there is evidence of re-ranking of animals for RFI performance tested in the feedlot after weaning and, subsequently, on pasture. During the period of enteric CH4 measurement in the feedlot and on pasture, the DMI, neutral detergent-fibre intake and gross-energy intake of low-RFI animals were lower than those of high-RFI animals, and low-RFI animals exhibited greater DM and neutral detergent fibre digestibility only in the feedlot. Enteric CH4 production did not differ between low- and high-RFI animals either in the feedlot (101 and 107 g CH4/day) or on pasture (101 and 95.9 g CH4/day). A significant difference in CH4 yield (CH4/kg DMI) was observed on pasture between animals with low and high RFI (17.6 and 13.7 g CH4/kg DMI respectively). The results did not support the hypothesis that an increase in feed efficiency, evaluated in growing animals in feedlot-performance tests, decreases enteric CH4 production (g/day) proportionally to the lower DMI.