Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applications of choline amino acid ionic liquid in extraction and separation of flavonoids and pectin from ponkan peels

ABSTRACT Choline leucine ionic liquid solution was chosen to simultaneously extract flavonoids and pectin from ponkan peels, which were subsequently isolated by the corresponding K3PO4-based aqueous biphasic systems (ABS). Under optimized conditions of 54% solution for 100 min extraction at liquid–solid ratio 17, the predicted yields of flavonoids and pectin achieved 1.33% and 13.42%, respectively, the flavonoids determined directly after extraction and the pectin after ABS purification, with the two corresponding measured yields of 1.26% ± 0.04% and 12.85% ± 0.51%. Under optimal extraction, crude flavonoids contained maximal total flavonoid content of about 20% ± 1% after purification of the ABS involving 25% K3PO4 and dilution precipitation. What was directly isolated from K3PO4-rich phase was presumed to be a modified pectin.
LCT in Developing, Lower and Middle Income and Developed Countries

LCT has been a recurrent theme in many national educational policies in the global South and has had wide donor support through aid programs and smaller projects and localized innovations. However, the history of the implementation of LCT in different contexts is riddled with stories of failures, grand and small. This article provides an overview of the four major topics-context of LCT, LCT in lower and middle-income countries, LCT in the developing and LCT in the developed countries. The major aim of the article is to explore the status of LCT in underdeveloped, to develop and developed countries. For this purpose, I searched scholarly and online databases (Google Scholar, JSTor, Proquest) that focus on LCT and related policies, trends, and issues in various countries. I used search terms associated with the various LCT topics in lower and middleincome countries, LCT in developing countries, and LCT in the developed countries. LCT is a traveling policy that has been endorsed by international agencies, national governments, and local innovators. As a globally traveling policy and practice, prescriptions and innovations regarding LCT are often found in contexts where it is culturally new and where the realities of educational governance and resources for schools have not historically accommodated it. Though there are several successful LCT projects, these are too few compared to the magnitude of the failures of the approach in developing countries. In a number of these countries, attempts at transforming traditional classrooms into LCT classrooms have failed. In a recent analysis of the research on LCT implementation, it was evident that the history of the implementation of LCT in different contexts is riddled with stories of failures, grand and small. Across a wide range of developing country contexts, the reports of tissue rejection as teachers and learners struggle to make the paradigm shift far outnumbered the stories of successful transitions from the pedagogies in place towards LCT.
Unusual Benzyl Migration Reactivity in NHC-Bearing Group 4 Metal Chelates: Synthesis, Characterization, and Mechanistic Investigations

The reaction of 1 equiv of [M(CH2Ph)4] (M = Zr, Hf) and 1,3-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)imidazolinium chloride [tBu(OCO)H3, 1] cleanly yielded the corresponding M-NHC chloro benzyl derivatives [[tBu(OCO)]M(Cl)(CH2Ph)] (2Zr and 2Hf) along with 3 equiv of toluene. For both metal complexes, the effective formation of a (κ3-OCO) metal chelate and the coordination of a benzyl ligand onto the M(IV) metal center were established by NMR and elemental analysis. In contrast, under identical conditions, the reaction of Ti(CH2Ph)4 with the imidazolinium proligand 1 yielded the unexpected rearranged dimer product 3Ti, arising from the migration of the Ti-Bn group from the metal center to the Ccarbene atom. The molecular structure of 3Ti was established by analogy with the X-ray-determined Zr analogue 3Zr. Compound 3Zr quantitatively formed upon heating a benzene solution of 2Zr at 60 °C. In the solid state, compound 3Zr consists of two seven-coordinate mononuclear Zr fragments that are associated by two brid.
Art for art’s sake? An exploration of the Chinese art market

ABSTRACT We investigate the price impact and returns for 165,847 lots sold from 533 artists executed on Chinese painting and calligraphy over the period of 2000–2017. We document an annual return of 10.67% for our sample artworks, with certain attributes carrying greater price impacts, including authenticity, mounting, time of creation, the month of sales, and the auction houses. Our results also reveal two art market booms, with the first peak in 2005, subsequently reaching the record peak in 2011. In addition, compared with other investment assets, Chinese painting and calligraphy yield a relatively higher return compared to other investment assets. The artwork has a relatively lower correlation with other assets, suggesting potential diversification benefits. The average holding period of Chinese painting and calligraphy is about three years, in stark contrast to an average 10-year turnover of art in Western countries. This provides strong evidence that excessive speculative activities exist in the Chinese art market. Thus, art market participants in China need to be aware of the risk associated with art investments, as art is not necessarily for art’s sake.
Mathematics teachers views on distance education and their beliefs about integrating computer technology in mathematics courses

This study examines mathematics teachers’ views on distance education and their beliefs about integrating computer technology in mathematics courses in terms of their gender, years of teaching experience and grade level taught. Moreover, this study investigates whether beliefs about integrating computer technology in mathematics courses can be a predictor of teachers’ views on distance education. Data were collected from the 133 middle school and secondary school mathematics teachers at the end of the fall term of the 2020-2021 academic year in Sivas, Turkey. Data collection tools were Distance Education Perceptions of Teachers Scale (DEPT) and Belief Scale towards Using Computer Technology in Mathematics Instruction (BSMI). Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results showed that mathematics teachers' general DEPT scores were at a moderate level. And there was no significant difference in teachers’ DEPT scores regarding their gender, grade level taught and experience. The results also revealed that teachers' BSMI scores were mostly at a high level and there were no differences in their BSMI scores with respect to their gender, grade level taught and experience regarding. Moreover, these beliefs have been found to have an effect on their views on distance education; the BSMI variable explains 13% of teachers’ DEPT.
Performance Evaluation for Cooperative NOMA Using Combined Relay Selection Scheme

Effective relay selection in non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is an efficient way to attain a significant performance gain in terms of achieving a high system capacity, ergodic sum rate and a low outage probability. This become more promising when NOMA is treated under cooperation of more than one relay nodes. Relay selection performs well when the source node has an accurate and updated channel state information (CSI). As having perfect CSI is very difficult, therefore the relay selection with continuous time varying CSI is of paramount importance. This paper proposes a combined relay selection (CRS) scheme with time varying CSI which uses failure probability as an important criterion to improve the overall performance of cooperative NOMA system. The proposed approach is compared with most commonly used relay selection schemes: round robin relay selection (RRRS), opportunistic relay selection (ORS) and balanced criteria relay selection (BCRS) scheme. The simulation results show that proposed scheme outperforms the RRRS, BCRS and ORS in terms of ergodic sum rate, system capacity and outage probability.
Technological Antecedents of Organizational Agility: PLS SEM Based Analysis Using IT Infrastructure, ERP Assimilation, and Business Intelligence

Organizations often ignore the use information technology infrastructure, Business Intelligence and ERP software to improvise their decision making process due to which organizational agility is suffered. Such organizations fail to make decisions according to the needs of the market that leads to the loss of market share. Based on the contingency theory, conceptual model of this study was developed using the constructs of IT Infrastructure Flexibility, Business Intelligence Use, ERP Assimilation, and Organizational Agility. Survey method was used to collect the data from the managers and executives, who are involved in the key decision making process in any organization. Total 253 out of 265 responses were considered valid and PLS SEM approach was used to test the direct and indirect effects. Results indicate that mediating effect of Business Intelligence Use and ERP Assimilation between IT Infrastructure Flexibility and Organizational Agility has been substantiated. Findings of this study conclude that IT Infrastructure should be improvised, specifically when organization is going to adopt the ERP systems and Business Intelligence to make the timely decisions according to the requirements of the market that ultimately affects the Organizational Agility.
Elucidating the biochemical basis of trans‐16:1 fatty acid change in leaves during cold acclimation in wheat

Abstract In plant cells, phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in the chloroplast has a characteristic trans‐∆3‐hexadecenoic acid (t16:1) at the sn‐2 position. The t16:1 content in wheat leaf tissues decreases during cold treatment, but the significance of this fatty acid compositional change and the underlying biochemical mechanism remains poorly understood. Using a large collection of wheat cultivars displaying a varying capacity of freezing tolerance, we show for the first time under field conditions that this low temperature induced t16:1 change is associated with winter hardiness. To explore the metabolic mechanism responsible for the reduction of t16:1, we performed detailed lipid analysis and comparative transcriptome study with four selected wheat lines under cold acclimation. Our results show that wheat leaf tissues experience a gradual decrease in chloroplast lipid pathway activity during cold acclimation and that the decline in chloroplast lipid synthesis manifests itself in the decrease of t16:1 in PG. Comparative RNA‐seq analyses with leaf tissues further reveal concerted transcriptome shifts indicating a rebalancing of chloroplast and cytosolic lipid synthesis during cold acclimation. Our study, thus, provides mechanistic understanding on chloroplast lipid adjustments as a “molecular ideotype” and the t16:1 change as a specific metabolite marker for screening freezing tolerance in wheat.
Trends in Cloud Computing Paradigms: Fundamental Issues, Recent Advances, and Research Directions toward 6G Fog Networks

There has been significant research interest in various computing-based paradigms such as cloud computing, Internet of Things, fog computing, and edge computing, due to their various associated advantages. In this chapter, we present a comprehensive review of these architectures and their associated concepts. Moreover, we consider different enable technologies that facilitate computing paradigm evolution. In this context, we focus mainly on fog computing considering its related fundamental issues and recent advances. Besides, we present further research directions toward the sixth generation fog computing paradigm.
Categorizing Touch-Input Locations from Touchscreen Device Interfaces via On-Board Mechano-Acoustic Transducers

Many mobile electronics devices, including smartphones and tablets, require the user to interact physically with the device via tapping the touchscreen. Conveniently, these compact devices are also equipped with high-precision transducers such as accelerometers and microphones, integrated mechanically and designed on-board to support a range of user functionalities. However, unintended access to these transducer signals (bypassing normal on-board data access controls) may allow sensitive user interaction information to be detected and thereby exploited. In this study, we show that acoustic features extracted from the on-board microphone signals, supported with accelerometer and gyroscope signals, may be used together with machine learning techniques to successfully determine the user’s touch input location on a touchscreen: our ensemble model, namely the random forest model, predicts touch input location with up to 86% accuracy in a realistic scenario. Accordingly, we present the approach and techniques used, the performance of the model developed, and also discuss limitations and possible mitigation methods to thwart possible exploitation of such unintended signal channels.
Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of the alphavbeta3-selective tracer 18F-galacto-RGD in cancer patients.

UNLABELLED (18)F-Galacto-RGD has been developed for PET of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin expression, a receptor involved in, for example, angiogenesis and metastasis. Our aim was to study the kinetics and biodistribution of (18)F-Galacto-RGD in cancer patients. METHODS Nineteen patients with metastases of malignant melanoma (n = 7), sarcomas (n = 10), or osseous metastases (n = 2) were examined. After injection of 133-200 MBq (18)F-Galacto-RGD, 3 consecutive emission scans from the pelvis to the thorax or dynamic emission scans of the tumor over 60 min, followed by 1 static emission scan of the body, were acquired. Time-activity curves and standardized uptake values (SUVs) were derived by image region-of-interest analysis with image-based arterial input functions. Compartmental modeling was used to derive the distribution volume for muscle tissue and tumors. RESULTS (18)F-Galacto-RGD showed rapid blood clearance and primarily renal excretion. SUVs in tumors ranged from 1.2 to 9.0. Tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle ratios increased over time, with peak ratios of 3.1 +/- 2.0 and 7.7 +/- 4.3, respectively, at 72 min. The tumor kinetics were consistent with a 2-tissue compartment model with reversible specific binding. Distribution volume values were, on average, 4 times higher for tumor tissue (1.5 +/- 0.8) than those for muscle tissue (0.4 +/- 0.1). The data suggest that there was only minimal free and bound (specific or nonspecific) tracer in muscle tissue. CONCLUSION (18)F-Galacto-RGD demonstrates a highly favorable biodistribution in humans with specific receptor binding. Most important, this study shows that (18)F-Galacto-RGD allows visualization of alpha(v)beta(3) expression in tumors with high contrast. Consequently, this tracer offers a new strategy for noninvasive monitoring of molecular processes and may supply helpful information for planning and controlling of therapeutic approaches targeting the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin.
Secured Medical Image Hashing Based on Frequency Domain with Chaotic Map

Recently, online-medicine got increased global interest, particularly during COVID19 pandemic. Data protection is important in the medical field since when promoting telemedicine applications, it is necessary to protect the patient data and personal information. A secured process is needed to transmit medical images over the Internet. In this paper hash algorithm is employed to protect the data by using powerful features from the coupled frequency domains of the Slantlet Transformation (SLT) and the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). The Region of Interest (ROI) is localized from an MRI image then extraction of a feature set is performed for calculating the hash code. Then, hash code is enciphered to maintain security by employing a secure Chaotic Shift Keying (CSK). The suggested method of security is ensured by the strength of the CSK and the encryption key secrecy. A detailed analysis was conducted using 1000 uncompressed images that were chosen randomly from a publicly available AANLIB database. The proposed methodology can be useful for JPEG compression. Also, this method could resist many attacks of image processing likes filtering, noise addition, and some geometric transforms.
Effects of Providing Teachers With Tools for Implementing Assessment-Based Differentiated Reading Instruction in Second Grade

Monitoring learning progress enables teachers to address students’ interindividual differences and to adapt instruction to students’ needs. We investigated whether using learning progress assessment (LPA) or using a combination of LPA and prepared material to help teachers implement assessment-based differentiated instruction resulted in improved reading skills for students. The study was conducted in second-grade classrooms in general primary education, and participants (N = 33 teachers and N = 619 students) were assigned to one of three conditions: a control group (CG); a first intervention group (LPA), which received LPA only; or a second intervention group (LPA-RS), which received a combination of LPA and material for differentiated reading instruction (the “reading sportsman”). At the beginning and the end of one school year, students’ reading fluency and reading comprehension were assessed. Compared with business-as-usual reading instruction (the CG), providing teachers with LPA or both LPA and prepared material did not lead to higher gains in reading competence. Furthermore, no significant differences between the LPA and LPA-RS conditions were found. Corresponding analyses for lower- and higher-achieving students also revealed no differences between the treatment groups. Results are discussed regarding the implementation of LPA and reading instruction in general education.
BIOPESTICIDE POTENTIAL OF (7R)-TRANS, TRANS-NEPETALACTONE AND CIS- LACHNOPHYLLUM ESTER IN CONTROL OF MUSTARD APHID, LIPAPHIS ERYSIMI (KALT.)

(7 R ) -trans, trans -nepetalactone; a monoterpene iridoid (1) and acetylenic compound named cis -lachnophyllum ester (2) were isolated from the essential oils of Nepeta elliptica and Erigeron annuus, respectively and characterized using a combination of their spectral data (1D-and 2D-NMR, MS, IR). Compound 1 and 2 were tested for biopesticide activity against mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.). Compound 1 exhibited high insecticidal activity towards L. erysimi with LC 50 values of 2.18 and 2.73 mg/mL; LT 50 values of 15.24 and 17.18 h. Compound 2 also displayed significant insecticidal activity having LC 50 values of 0.85 and 4.70 mg/mL; LT 50 values of 13.25 and 26.2 h. The activity of compounds 1 and 2 were comparable with synthetic pesticide, monocrotophos used as positive control and thus has potential as natural pesticides for use in economically important crops.
STEAM Education for Critical Consciousness: Discourses of Liberation and Social Change among Sixth-Grade Students

In this case study, we present opportunities science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) education provided to a sixth-grade class. We collected observational and interview data in a language arts and a science class over 1 year. We used the liberation social psychology (LSP) framework to understand students’ discourses and discussions as they drew from science, engineering activities, and language arts ideas. Further, LSP allowed us to explore students’ engagement in critical reflection of social, racial, and other discrimination. The data analysis showed that STEAM education promoted the integration of science ideas, engineering design, social and critical consciousness. We found STEAM education supported discourses of critical reflection, racism, and social discrimination in class. Finally, we argue that STEAM education in Asia-Pacific and Global South countries has to be about critical consciousness, social change, and liberation of underrepresented groups and immigrants for more inclusive, sociopolitically conscious, and democratic STEAM education experiences.
Is Motivation Associated with Mental Fatigue during Padel Trainings? A Pilot Study

Motivation seems to enhance athletes’ mental efforts, but this has not been tested yet in padel. The objective was to test the effects of motivation on mental fatigue during padel trainings. Thirty-six elite youth players participated (twenty-two males, Mage = 17.40, SDage = 2.16, and fourteen females, Mage = 17.90, SDage = 3.21). We designed four padel training matches, introducing a constraint in two of them in a counterbalanced order. The constraint was: Couples that win more sets in these two matches obtain a free lesson with a professional padel player. Motivation was quantified by a questionnaire before the matches. Moreover, subjective feelings of mental load and fatigue were measured with questionnaires, and objective measures of fatigue were quantified through heart-rate variability and reaction time. Results suggest that the constraint significantly increases motivation (p < 0.001). Furthermore, in these matches, players reported significantly higher feelings and objective measures of fatigue (p < 0.001 for HRV and VAS; p = 0.04 for reaction time). An increase in the resources used by the neural facilitation system, mediated by higher values of motivation, seems a relevant candidate to explain this phenomenon.
Transcending university boundaries: community engagement as a tool to enhance social work students preparedness for real world practice

ABSTRACT This paper presents data from a qualitative study on the community engagement experience at the Bhagat Phool Singh Mahila Vishwavidyalaya, to prepare students for social work practice. It focuses on how students and academics understand engagement, the values derived from the engagement experience and the particular activities that formed part of the engagement process. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with six academics and eleven students. Using a process of thematic analysis, the study found that service learning within the context of rural villages presented a rich opportunity to prepare students for social work practice and, more importantly, to facilitate the social justice mandate of the profession.
The Magnetic Nanomaterial Biofunctions in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

Magnetic nanomaterials have recently emerged, playing an increasingly essential role in life science and biomedicine fields, and they exhibited promising potentials in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Also, their use as contrast agents improved various cancer diagnostic imaging sensitivities and accuracy. Magnetic nanomaterials are also exploited as targeted drug carriers to increase the sensitivity and reduce the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. Herein, we reviewed the preparation, characterization, and surface modification of various magnetic nanomaterials and their cancer diagnosis and therapy applications.
Understanding Tax Morale of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in Jabodetabek

This study aims to identify the factors determining the tax morale of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME). The study is pertinent because MSME account for 60% of Indonesia’s GDP yet they contribute only 0.67% to tax revenue. One reason for this low level of tax revenue is low tax morale. Tax morale refers to the intrinsic motivation of taxpayers with regard to paying taxes. The population in the research is MSME in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (Jabodetabek). Multistage sampling is used as the sampling technique. A total of 217 nonagricultural-sector MSME participated in this study. The results of the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis, which incorporated the SmartPLS program, show that sentiments toward tax, trust in the tax authority, perception of public goods, and attitude toward punishment positively affect the tax morale of MSME in Jabodetabek and will play a role in influencing the willingness of taxpayers to pay.