Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Youth-driven Youth–Adult Partnerships: A Phenomenological Exploration of Agricultural Education Teachers' Experiences

This phenomenological study explores the dimensions of youth–adult partnerships (YAPs) in agricultural mechanics classrooms in three rural schools. YAPs presume a positive learning collaboration between young people and adults who work together to achieve meaningful community-based change. Previous research on the development of YAPs has focused on nonschool settings. However, in these agricultural mechanics courses, as part of a safety-focused curriculum, teachers engaged students in a collaborative project to build and install costeffective rollover protective structures (CROPS) for local farmers’ tractors. Thus, the CROPS project provided a unique opportunity to explore the inclusion of youth-driven YAPs as an engagement model for teachers, students, and the broader community. The findings from this secondary analysis of interview data from CROPS project teachers are threefold. First, evidence emerged of the experiential, communal/collective, and youth-driven aspects of YAPs in teacher– student and student–student collaborations. Second, shifts in power balances present a key dimension of the youth-driven dimension of YAPs. Third, the CROPS project aligns well with a youth-driven YAP in that it promoted high-quality student engagement within the learning system. Finally, we discuss the implications for integrating YAPs into agricultural education projects and suggestions for further research.
Theoretical and Computational Analysis of Dynamics on Complex Networks

Big data has allowed to study the communication and mobility patterns of humans with ever greater resolution. However, it is not yet clear how information from online social networks relates to offline face-to-face interactions. Knowledge of this directionality will help us to harness the increasing wealth of online information to improve predictions of for example offline disease spread. This study aimed to distill relevant information from online social networks to predict meaningful face-to-face contact behaviours. To this end data from the Copenhagen Network Study on the Facebook and face-to-face interactions of 850 students was used. First, a network of offline interactions was predicted using binary link prediction on features distilled from the Facebook interaction data. The network predictions of this model were then validated, using simulations of disease spread and comparison against the Erdös-Renyi random graph and configuration model network. It was found that stringent variables of offline contact, such as meeting during off-hours or meeting more than 5 times per week, could be predicted with 69% accuracy, which was 19% better than the Majority Vote Classifier. The target variable of meeting at least once a week could be predicted with 78% accuracy. The predicted network showed disease simulations that closely resembled those on the actual network, and performed significantly better than simulations on the Erdös-Renyi random graph. To the knowledge of the author, this is the first study to validate the quality of the network structure resulting from link prediction using disease simulations. It was shown that online network information can be used to predict offline contact networks which are useful for the investigation of the spread of disease. This study paves the way for future verification of disease models and development of intervention strategies using primarily online network information.
A new interstitial choke embedded antenna for microwave ablation

We propose an interstitial coaxial antenna with a choke embedded in the outer conductor and with an arrowhead cap for microwave ablation therapy, operating at 2.45GHz. The cap consists of ceramic and conductor. The heating is suppressed along both the direction in the tip side and the feeding side of the antenna because of the cap and the choke. In addition, a catheter is not required. We numerically clarify these advantages by analyzing the temperature distribution of a spherical breast tumor.
Systematic Delineation of Media Polarity on COVID-19 Vaccines in Africa: Computational Linguistic Modeling Study

BACKGROUND: The global onset of COVID-19 has resulted in substantial public health and socioeconomic impacts. An immediate medical breakthrough is needed. However, parallel to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic is the proliferation of information regarding the pandemic, which, if uncontrolled, cannot only mislead the public but also hinder the concerted efforts of relevant stakeholders in mitigating the effect of this pandemic. It is known that media communications can affect public perception and attitude toward medical treatment, vaccination, or subject matter, particularly when the population has limited knowledge on the subject. OBJECTIVE: This study attempts to systematically scrutinize media communications (Google News headlines or snippets and Twitter posts) to understand the prevailing sentiments regarding COVID-19 vaccines in Africa. METHODS: A total of 637 Twitter posts and 569 Google News headlines or descriptions, retrieved between February 2 and May 5, 2020, were analyzed using three standard computational linguistics models (ie, TextBlob, Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoner, and Word2Vec combined with a bidirectional long short-term memory neural network). RESULTS: Our findings revealed that, contrary to general perceptions, Google News headlines or snippets and Twitter posts within the stated period were generally passive or positive toward COVID-19 vaccines in Africa. It was possible to understand these patterns in light of increasingly sustained efforts by various media and health actors in ensuring the availability of factual information about the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: This type of analysis could contribute to understanding predominant polarities and associated potential attitudinal inclinations. Such knowledge could be critical in informing relevant public health and media engagement policies.
Emotion and colour across languages: implicit associations in Spanish colour terms

This study explores the reasons why colour words and emotion words are frequently associated in the different languages of the world. One of them is connotative overlap between the colour term and the emotion term. A new experimental methodology, the Implicit Association Test (IAT), is used to investigate the implicit connotative structure of the Peninsular Spanish colour terms rojo (red), azul (blue), verde (green) and amarillo (yellow) in terms of Osgood’s universal semantic dimensions: Evaluation (good—bad), Activity (excited—relaxed) and Potency (strong—weak). The results show a connotative profile compatible with the previous literature, except for the valence (good—bad) of some of the colour terms, which is reversed. We suggest reasons for both these similarities and differences with previous studies and propose further research to test these implicit connotations and their effect on the association of colour with emotion words. Cette étude explore les raisons pour lesquelles les termes qui qualifient les couleurs et ceux qui qualifient les émotions sont fréquemment associés dans plusieurs langues. L’une de ces raisons est le chevauchement des connotations entre le terme qualifiant la couleur et celui qui qualifie l’émotion. On utilise une méthodologie expérimentale nouvelle, le test d’association implicite (Implicit Association Test—IAT) pour investiguer la structure implicite des connotations des termes de couleur en Espagnol Péninsulaire, rojo (rouge), azul (bleu), verde (vert) and amarillo (jaune) en termes des dimensions sémantiques universelles d’Osgood: Evaluation (Bon—Mauvais), Activité (Excité-s-Relâché), Puissance (Fort— Faible). Les résultants de l’étude montrent un profil de connotations compatible avec la litérature existante, à l’exception de la valence (Bon—Mauvais) de certains termes de couleur, qui est inversée. Les auteurs émettent des hypothéses pour expliquer à la fois ces similaritiés et ces différences par rapport aux études déjà connues et proposent d’entreprendre d'autres recherches pour tester ces connotations implicites et leur effet sur l’association termes de couleur—termes d’émotions.
2 x 4 Hybrid MZI-MMI Configuration with MMI Phase-shifters as a High-speed Optical Switch with Low Power Consumption

This paper reports 2 × 4 hybrid Mach-zehnder interferometer (MZI) multi-mode interferometers (MMI) based compact thermo-optical switch consisting of slab waveguides on silicon-on-insulator, SOI, platform. The device consists of two identical MMIs, each of 6 μm wide and 140 μm long connected with two phase shifters MMIs each with 2 μm wide and 8 μm long and linear tappers each 4 μm long, connected at both ends of the MMIs to minimize the power coupling loss. The loss for linear taper is found to be below 0.02 dB. The footprint of the whole device is 6 μm × 324 μm. This structure is based on a unique multimode region shape, which leads optical switch to have less coupling loss and reduced cross-talk. The average thermo-optical switching power consumption is 1.4 mW, the excess losses are 0.8 dB, and the imbalances are 0.1 dB. Aluminum is used as a heating pad, and a trench is created around this pad to prevent from spreading of heat and reduce power loss. Our new heating method has advantages of compact size and ease of fabrication with the current CMOS technology.
Judgment and Verb Finiteness Marking in Children with Specific Language Impairment

There has been some success has been made in diagnosing children with SLI on the basis of difficulties that they have with verb tense, or finiteness (Rice & Wexler 1996). Other work (e.g. Schütze & Wexler 1996) has shown that verb finiteness and pronominal case marking in subject position correlate in typical child language development, i.e. children tend to produce pronominal case errors with nonfinite verbs (e.g. Him dance. vs. He dances.). This finding holds the promise that children’s case errors could be an effective means of diagnosing SLI, which is corroborated with productive language evidence in Wexler, Schütze & Rice (1998). More recently, Donnellan (2010) has shown that children’s judgments of pronominal case errors (e.g. She is a turtle. vs. Her is a turtle.) correlate with their judgments of verb finiteness (e.g. He dances. vs. He dance.), with age partialed out. However, this previous research has failed to show that this between finiteness and case does not exist simply because all language develops simultaneously. To that end, this experiment combined pronominal case, verb finiteness and a theoretically unrelated aspect of grammar, the Binding Principles, on one receptive test. The results showed that pronominal case and verb finiteness correlate, while neither case nor finiteness correlates with Binding Principle. Thus, because it was shown that not all aspects of language develop together, the unique relationship between pronominal case and verb finiteness is confirmed. The Binding Principle Test was administered first. Each item on this test contained a picture and two corresponding sentences, one adult-like in nature and the other child-like, each uttered by a different puppet. The child was asked to judge which puppet “said it better”. This test included 53 children, of which 43 of who qualified to be included in our data. A second test,which included all three aspects of language (verb finiteness, case and the Binding Principle), was administered using the same format. The second test was given to 44 children.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Steric hindrance and its effect on chromosome movement in Vicia faba

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The Revolving Door and Regulatory Enforcement

I argue that hiring former legislators leads to regulatory forbearance, and firms use this to pursue economic rents. I test the argument with data on firm-level taxes and the IRS’s enforcement activities. I compile a database of publicly listed firms, which have hired Members of Congress (MCs) in the period 2004-2015. I show that hiring a former MC decreases the average company’s tax rate. The effect is strongest, when firms hire the best connected former MCs, who served in committees responsible for oversight of the IRS. To investigate whether the effect is driven by selective enforcement, I collect data on IRS audits and find that hiring a former MC is associated with a lower probability of being audited. Additional tests do not suggest that the findings are driven by general rule changes or lobbying activities. This indicates that rules are enforced differently against politically connected firms. This draft: February 26, 2019 I would like to thank Hye Young You, Sandy Gordon, David Szakonyi, Susan Yackee, Justin Grimmer, Jens Olav Dahlgaard, Mads Dagnis Jensen, Malte Dahl, Jacob Hariri, Anders Woller and Frederik Hjorth, all of whom have provided extensive and invaluable comments. A previous version of the paper was presented at the panel on Patronage, Information, and Policy at the 2018 annual meeting of the MPSA. Remaining errors are my own. I have conducted substantial parts of this research, while being a visiting researcher at the Department of Politics at NYU, the Department of Business and Politics at Copenhagen Business School, and a Bradley Fellow at University of Chicago’s Stigler Center at the Booth School of Business.
Effects of high stocking density on growth performance , blood metabolites and immune response of Broilers ( ROSS 308 )

This study was done to investigate the effects of different stocking densities on performance, blood metabolites and immune function in broilers. About 720 (male and female mixed) one-day-old broilers was used in a completely randomized design. Each pen measured 1.50×2.00 meter. Stocking density was calculated by subtracting 0.75 m 2 of unusable space (for feeder area) from the total floor area. On top of each pen two adjustable water nipple systems was installed. The experiment consisted of (five treatments with four replications in each treatment) different stocking densities of 10.6, 13.3, 16.0, 18.6 and 21.3 birds/m 2 . The results showed that there was a significant difference between treatments for food intake during the experimental period (P<0.05). The comparison showed that the average body weight decreased by increasing stocking density. The total FCR was affected (P<0.05) by stocking density in which by increasing the density the FCR decreased considerably. Effect of different stocking densities on blood metabolites was not significant. The antibody titers against SRBC (sheep red blood cell), IgG and IgM significantly increased as well as increasing stocking densities (P<0.05). In conclusion, 16 birds per m 2 could be recommended to broiler producers without any adverse effects on bird’s performance.
Efficient side-coupling to photonic crystal nanobeam cavities via state-space overlap

: We present design guidelines for realizing side-coupled photonic crystal nanobeam (PCN) cavities with eﬃcient coupling to low order resonances through adjusting the overlap of the PCN cavity mode and a feeding bus waveguide in both physical and k-space. We show that optimal side-coupled conﬁgurations function at a non-zero k-vector oﬀset between the bus waveguide and PCN cavity modes. The straightforward design of side-coupled PCNs with high contrast resonances opens the door to their practical implementation in multiplexed, on-chip photonic devices
Ammonium and Nitrate Shift the Spatial Distribution of Soil Bacterial Communities and Association Networks Along a Distance from Maize Roots in an Acidic Red Soil

Background: Ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) are two major inorganic nitrogen (N) forms available for plant growth. Soil microbes affect the availability and transformation of these N forms in the rhizosphere, and this affects the N-use efficiency of plants. However, little is known about the responses of the rhizosphere bacterial community structure to NH4+ and NO3−. Here, a rhizobox containing a root zone (root growing area) and various soil compartments (0–0.5 cm, 0.5–1 cm, 1–2 cm, 2–4 cm, and 4–9 cm from the root zone) was designed to investigate the spatial distribution of bacterial diversity, community structure, and co-occurrence patterns along a distance from maize (Zea mays L.) roots with the addition of 15N-labeled NH4+ or NO3− in an acidic red soil.Results: Addition of NH4+ and NO3− reduced soil bacterial diversity in the maize root zone. The structures of soil bacterial communities differed between NH4+ and NO3− in the root zone and 0.5 cm away from the root zone. Soil pH was the major driver of bacterial community assembly during plant uptake of N. Maize roots recruited potentially beneficial acidophilic bacteria (e.g. Acidibacter, Burkholderia, and Catenulispora) under NH4+ treatment, and recruited growth-promoting bacteria that prefer higher pH (e.g. Sphingomonas, Sphingobium, Azospirillum, and Novosphingobium) under NO3− treatment. In the N-fertilization treatments, the soil bacterial networks were more complex in the root zone and its adjacent 0.5–1 cm zone than in other soil compartments. The soil bacterial networks were more complex under NH4+ treatment than under NO3−. More bacterial taxa in the networks responded positively and negatively to soil residual NH4+ than to NO3− in all zones in the rhizobox.Conclusions: The combined effects of the N form and the rhizosphere influenced the spatial patterns and co-occurrence network of soil bacterial communities at different distances from the maize root zone, mainly because of changes in soil pH during the uptake of NH4+ and NO3− by maize roots. Regulating microbial communities by adjusting soil pH through NH4+ and NO3− supply may be an environmentally friendly option for promoting soil microbial functions in intensively managed agro-ecosystems.
Parents’ Knowledge of the 2014 Education Policy Guidelines in Rukwa Region in Tanzania

in Tanzania that includes effective parental involvement (URT, 1978, 1995, 2002, 2015 a; 2016 b). The parents take part in school management through School Management Teams - SMTs (URT, 2004; 2015) and parents’ meetings - PMs (URT, 2015 a; 2016 a). Abstract: The study sought to establish parents’ understanding of the education policy guidelines that guided their involvement in ward secondary schools in Rukwa Region. The implementation of the 2014 Education Policy had raised questions and debate on the parents’ knowledge of the guidelines. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided this study. It employed concurrent mixed method design. Participants included heads of ward schools, chairpersons of school governing boards and parents having children in ward schools in Rukwa Region. The sample comprised 280 participants. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse quantitative data (by SPSS version 22) that were presented in tables. Thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data which were presented through quotations and paraphrasing. Findings indicated that majority of the parents in Rukwa Region were aware of the policy guidelines but did not implement it proportionately. As a result of that, some parents’ participation in the implementation of the education policy varied pending their understanding of the guidelines. School location had no significant influence on the scores of the heads of schools on parents’ knowledge of the education policy guidelines. Work experience of school heads had significant effect on their scores on parents’ knowledge of the guidelines contrary to education level and school location that had no significant effect. The study concludes that parental involvement in the education policy implementation in Rukwa region was successful only at the communication stage but had average success at implementation stage. The study recommends that concerted efforts should be made by relevant education stakeholders to mobilize parents to actively play their role in the implementation of the education policy. stakeholders. This study explored further the influence of parents’ knowledge of the policy guidelines on their participation at its implementation process. The data were obtained from responses from questionnaires for parents and the CSGBs and the unstructured items on the interview with the heads of schools.
Speed Dating: A Rapid Way to Determine the Radiocarbon Age of Wood by EA-AMS

Abstract Radiocarbon measurements in tree rings can be used to estimate atmospheric 14C concentration and thereby used to create a 14C calibration curve. When wood is discovered in construction sites, rivers, buildings, and lake sediments, it is unclear if the wood could fill gaps in the 14C calibration curve or if the wood is of historical interest until the age is determined by dendrochronology or 14C dating. However, dendrochronological dating is subjected to many requirements and 14C dating is costly and time consuming, both of which can be frivolous endeavors if the samples are not in the age range of interest. A simplified 14C dating technique, called Speed Dating, was thus developed. It can be used to quickly obtain 14C ages as wood samples are neither chemically treated nor graphitized. Instead, wood is combusted in an elemental analyzer (EA) and the CO2 produced is carried into an accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) with a gas ion source. Within a day, 75 samples can be measured with uncertainties between 0.5–2% depending on the age, preservation, and contaminants on the material and Speed Dating costs about one-third of conventional AMS dates.
Helitrons , the Eukaryotic Rolling-circle Transposable Elements JAINY THOMAS

Helitrons, the eukaryotic rolling-circle transposable elements, are widespread but most prevalent among plant and animal genomes. Recent studies have identified three additional coding and structural variants of Helitrons called Helentrons, Proto-Helentron, and Helitron2. Helitrons and Helentrons make up a substantial fraction of many genomes where nonautonomous elements frequently outnumber the putative autonomous partner. This includes the previously ambiguously classified DINE-1-like repeats, which are highly abundant in Drosophila andmany other animal genomes. The purpose of this review is to summarize what we have learned about Helitrons in the decade since their discovery. First, we describe the history of autonomous Helitrons, and their variants. Second, we explain the common coding features and difference in structure of canonical Helitrons versus the endonuclease-encoding Helentrons. Third, we review how Helitrons and Helentrons are classified and discuss why the system used for other transposable element families is not applicable. We also touch upon how genome-wide identification of candidate Helitrons is carried out and how to validate candidate Helitrons. We then shift our focus to a model of transposition and the report of an excision event. We discuss the different proposed models for the mechanism of gene capture. Finally, we will talk about where Helitrons are found, including discussions of vertical versus horizontal transfer, the propensity of Helitrons and Helentrons to capture and shuffle genes and how they impact the genome. We will end the review with a summary of open questions concerning the biology of this intriguing group of transposable elements.