Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Propagation of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays in the Magnetized Cosmic Web

A high concentration of ultra-high-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) events, called a hotspot, was reported by the Telescope Array (TA) experiment, but its origin still remains unsolved. One of the obstacles is that there is no astronomical object, which could be the source, behind the TA hotpot. In an effort to understand the origin of the TA hotspot, we suggested a model based on the magnetized cosmic web structure. The UHECRs were produced from sources in the Virgo cluster and were initially confined by cluster magnetic fields for a certain period. Next, some of them preferentially escaped to and propagated along filaments. Eventually, they were scattered by filament magnetic fields, and come to us. To examine the model, we followed the propagation trajectories of UHE protons in a simulated universe with clusters, filaments, and voids, by employing a number of models for cosmic magnetic fields. In this study, we present some of the initial results, such as the ratio between the particles directly escaping from the clusters to the voids and particles escaping from the clusters to the filaments. We also discuss the feasibility of our model for the origin of the hotspot by examining the trajectories of the UHE protons.
PENURUNAN NUTRIEN AMONIAK DAN IPAL KOMUNAL TLOGOMASDENGAN FITOREMEDIASI

Melihat potensi dan manfaat reuse air limbah domestik dan masih rendahnya kinerja pengelolaan air limbah, maka diperlukan penelitian untuk mengoptimalkan proses pengolahan air limbah domestik . IPAL Komunal USRI dan DAK-APBN perlu diperbaiki kinerja pengolahan terutama unuk parameter nutrien. Upaya perbaikan dilakukan dengan pendekatan sistem pengolahan melalui pilot plant konfigurasi unit pengolahan. Pengolahan limbah domestik dengan unit pengolahan anaerobik, aerobik dan fitoremediasi terbukti mempunyai kinerja pengolahan yang lebih bagus. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan penambahan unit pengolahan fitoremediasi pada pilot plant IPAL Komunal Tlogomas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadinya penurunan konsentrasi NH3 pada tanaman Kangkung. Sedangkan pada tanaman Selada menunjukkan peningkatan konsentrasi NH3. Pada outlet reaktor hidroponik dihasilkan konsentrasi Amoniak terendah sebesar 1,479 mg/L dengan tanaman Kangkung. Sedangkan konsentrasi NO3 mengalami peningkatan pada kedua variasi tanaman Kangkung dan Selada. Persentase penyisihan Amoniak sebesar 20,17 % menggunakan tanaman Kangkung pada hari ke-7 dan 18,72 % menggunakan tanaman Selada pada hari ke-14. Sedangkan persentase penyisihan Nitrat sebesar 17,44 % menggunakan tanaman Kangkung pada hari ke-7. Sedangkan pada tanaman Selada terjadi kenaikan dengan persentase sebesar 11,15 % pada hari ke-14.
Decomposition of the mean skin-friction drag in compressible turbulent channel flows

The mean skin-friction drag in a wall-bounded turbulent flow can be decomposed into different physics-informed contributions based on the mean and statistical turbulence quantities across the wall layer. Following Renard & Deck’s study (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 790, 2016, pp. 339–367) on the skin-friction drag decomposition of incompressible wall-bounded turbulence, we extend their method to a compressible form and use it to investigate the effect of density and viscosity variations on skin-friction drag generation, using direct numerical simulation data of compressible turbulent channel flows. We use this novel decomposition to study the skin-friction contributions associated with the molecular viscous dissipation and the turbulent kinetic energy production and we investigate their dependence on Reynolds and Mach number. We show that, upon application of the compressibility transformation of Trettel & Larsson (Phys. Fluids, vol. 28, 2016, 026102), the skin-friction drag contributions can be only partially transformed into the equivalent incompressible ones, as additional terms appear representing deviations from the incompressible counterpart. Nevertheless, these additional contributions are found to be negligible at sufficiently large equivalent Reynolds number and low Mach number. Moreover, we derive an exact relationship between the wall heat flux coefficient and the skin-friction drag coefficient, which allows us to relate the wall heat flux to the skin-friction generation process.
Search for Astronomical Neutrinos from Blazar TXS 0506+056 in Super-Kamiokande

We report a search for astronomical neutrinos in the energy region from several GeV to TeV in the direction of the blazar TXS 0506+056 using the Super-Kamiokande detector following the detection of a 100 TeV neutrinos from the same location by the IceCube collaboration. Using Super-Kamiokande neutrino data across several data samples observed from 1996 April to 2018 February we have searched for both a total excess above known backgrounds across the entire period as well as localized excesses on smaller timescales in that interval. No significant excess nor significant variation in the observed event rate are found in the blazar direction. Upper limits are placed on the electron- and muon-neutrino fluxes at the 90% confidence level as 6.0 × 10−7 and 4.5 × 10−7–9.3 × 10−10 [erg cm−2 s−1], respectively.
Global sampled-data output feedback stabilization for a class of switched stochastic nonlinear systems with quantized input and unknown output gain

This paper aims at addressing the sampled-data output feedback control problem for a class of uncertain switched stochastic nonlinear systems, whose control input is quantized by a logarithmic quantizer and the output gain cannot be precisely known. We design a compensator with the quantized information. With the help of the feedback domination approach and the backstepping design method, a sampled-data output feedback controller is constructed with appropriate design parameters and a maximum sampling period to guarantee the global exponential stability in mean square of the closed-loop system under arbitrary switching. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Evaluation of Congestion Protocols with Simulated Traffic

Congestion control is very important to maintain the number of packets within the network for higher performance. Active queue management (AQM) has been proved to be more efficient than traditional ones. Although some improvements have been made to Random Early Detection (RED) algorithm, but RED is not widely deployed. In this paper we design a network model using RED/drop-tail protocol and simulate it. From the simulation results we found that the RED proactive discarding can provide low delay and proportional dropping fairness. But when RED is used, little more packets are lost and the throughput is a bit lower but very close to that when drop tail is used, RED will offer higher QoS in some aspects.
Development of virtual accelerator environment for beam diagnostics

Gu Duan(谷端) ;1) Zhang Meng(张猛) Gu Qiang(顾强) Huang Dazhang(黄大章) Zhao Minghua(赵明华) 1 Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Abstract:For the proper operation of Dalian Compact Light Source (DCLS) linac, measurement and control of the electron bunch is critical. In order to test control algorithms and high level physical applications, a virtual accelerator environment is constructed based on ELEGANT and SDDS toolkit. The required beam parameter measurement and orbit control tools are verified under this virtual environment. The design concept and current development status are presented.
ACEDR: Automatic Compiler Error Detection and Recovery for COTS CPU and Caches

Recently there has been an increasing demand for more powerful processors for the next-generation space missions, such as communication and earth observation. The challenge is how to improve the reliability of the processor under the “single event effects” in orbit. We have previously proposed a new way of implementing any traditional software error detection and correction techniques at instruction level, capable of covering both the CPU and caches of “commercial off the shelf” processors. In this paper, a novel way of evaluation of the software protection is presented, based on a theoretical model and software injection experiments to predict the reliability of the whole processing architecture. The fault injection will evaluate the ability of the protection code to detect and recover errors in addition to the accuracy of the reliability models, by comparing the reliability of the theoretical predictions to the reliability of the injection experiments. Automatic compiler error detection and recovery improves the reliability of the system by reducing the error rate of “single event upsets. ” In some benchmarks, the error rate was reduced to less than 1%. This research has been tested in two machines; Intel core i5-3470 and a Raspberry Pi 3. On the first processor, the overhead was less than 15%, and on the second one, the overhead was less than 17%. This research can also be ported to multiple high level languages, with the ability to cover multiple instructions and datatypes.
Autaptic Effects on Synchronization and Phase Response Curves of Neurons with a Chemical Synapse

Previously, we reported the effects of an autapse, a time-delayed self-feedback synapse, on synchronization of Morris-Lecar (ML) neurons with an electrical synapse [J. Korean Phys. Soc. 71, 63 (2017)]. Because communication between neurons via a chemical synapse is more common than that via a electrical synapse, the desire to study the autaptic effect on synchronization of neurons with a chemical synapse is natural. In this paper, we present the results for the autaptic effects on synchronization of neurons with a chemical synapse. We show that the phase response curves of a single neuron and a pair of neurons are useful for understanding the autaptic effects on synchronization. We introduce a model for a theoretical analysis of the autaptic effect on synchronization of parameter-mismatched neurons and find that the model qualitatively explains that effect well.
Agreement Errors in Learner Corpora across CEFR: A Computer-Aided Error Analysis of Greek and Turkish EFL Learners Written Productions

This paper illustrates the use of learner corpus data (extracted from Cambridge Learner Corpus – CLC) to carry out an error analysis to investigate authentic learner errors and their respective frequencies in terms of types and tokens as well as contexts in which they regularly occur across four distinct proficiency levels, B1-B2; C1-C2, as defined by Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (henceforth CEFR) (Council of Europe, 2001). As a variety of learner corpora compiled by researchers become relatively accessible, it is possible to explore interlanguage errors and conduct error analysis (EA) on learner-generated texts. The necessity to cogitate over these authentic learner errors in designing foreign language learning programs and remedial teaching materials has been widely emphasized by many researchers (see e.g., Juozulynas, 1994; Mitton, 1996; Cowan, Choi, & Kim, 2003; Ndiaye & Vandeventer Faltin, 2003; Allerton et al., 2004). This study aims at conducting a corpus-based error analysis of agreement errors to reveal the related error categories between Greek and Turkish EFL learners, the distribution of agreement errors along the B1 - C2 proficiency range according to CEFR, and the distribution of agreement error types in respect of the L1 of the learners. The data analyzed in this study is extracted from the Cambridge Learner Corpus (CLC), the largest annotated test performance corpus which enables the investigation of the linguistic and rhetorical features of the learner performances in the above stated proficiency bands. The findings from this study reveal that, across B1-C2 proficiency levels and across different registers and genres, the most common agreement error categories by the frequency in which they occur are Verb Agreement (AGV), Noun Agreement (AGN), Anaphor Agreement (AGA), Determiner Agreement (AGD), Agreement Error (AG), and Quantifier Agreement (AGQ) errors. This study’s approach uses the techniques of computer corpus linguistics and follows the steps of the Error Analysis framework proposed by Corder (1971): identification, description, classification and explanation of errors.
Analysis of Observations Acquired from Digieye and Macbeth

The aim of paper was to indicate a compatibility of results obtained from two kinds of equipment: Macbeth and DigiEye. To accomplish this, the selected materials were tested on both devices. DigiEye is a computer controlled digital camera used to measure the colour changes caused by special fabric treatment. The data that can be obtained are the reflectance or colourimetric results. The operating principle of Macbeth spectrophotometer is based on the quantitative measurement of transmission and reflection of the light by the sample. Macbeth has been used to test not only the textile materials but also for other solids and liquids since the middle of the twentieth century. Colour measurement in the CIELab system and comparison of results from both DigiEye and Macbeth indicates the differences or correlation between these two devices. The objective of this work was to analyse the possibility of a wide application of the DigiEye system in textile industry for evaluation of colour and its durability. The study demonstrated the significant differences in the results obtained from both the instruments, however, these differences follow very specific shift of the lightness, chromaticity and hue of the colour and needs further investigation.
Thirty Years of Atmospheric CO2 Observations at the Plateau Rosa Station, Italy

The atmospheric background CO2 concentration is a key quantity for the analysis and evaluation of the ongoing climate change. Long-term CO2 observations have been carried out at the high Plateau Rosa mountain station, in the north-western Alps since 1989. The complete time series covers thirty years, and it is suitable for climatological analysis. The continuous CO2 measurements, collected since 1993, were selected, by means of a BaDS (Background Data Selection) filter, to obtain the hourly background data. The monthly background data series was analysed in order to individuate the parameters that characterise the seasonal cycle and the long-term trend. The growth rate was found to be 2.05 ± 0.03 ppm/year, which is in agreement with the global trend. The increased background CO2 concentration at the Plateau Rosa site is the consequence of global anthropic emissions, whereas the natural variability of the climatic system taken from the SOI (South Oscillation Index) and MEI (Multivariate ENSO Index) signals was detected in the inter-annual changes of the Plateau Rosa growth rate.
MAGIC observation and broadband characterization of the remarkably bright flares of 1ES 1959+650 in 2016

1ES 1959+650 is a bright TeV high-frequency peaked BL Lac object exhibiting interesting fea- tures like broad high energy peak in the spectral energy distribution (SED) and "orphan" TeV flares, that are difficult to interpret using a conventional one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) scenario. We report the results from MAGIC observations in 2016 along with the multi- wavelength data from Fermi-LAT and Swift instruments. An exceptionally high very-high-energy (VHE) flux reaching ∼ 3 times the Crab Nebula flux was measured by MAGIC on 13th, 14th June and 1st July 2016. It is the highest flux level observed since 2002. During these flares, the second SED peak lies in the VHE domain, and the spectrum extends up to several TeV energies. The LAT and X-ray spectra are also hard with index < 2.On 13th June, the source showed fast variabilities in the VHE flux with timescales less than an hour. A simple one-zone SSC model can satisfactorily describe the data during the high VHE states requiring a Doppler factor δ ≤ 30–60. Alternatively, the SED can be explained by synchrotron radiation of relativistic protons with a reasonable jet power L jet ∼ 10 46 erg · s −1 under the requirement of high magnetic fields B ∼ 100 G and maximum proton energy ∼ few EeV. The theoretical models imply that detecting neutrino emission from the source during a similar flare with the extreme VHE flaring period of 2016 is difficult.
A Low-Profile Design of Polarization Rotation Reflective Surface for Wideband RCS Reduction

A novel compact ultrawideband polarization rotation reflective surface (PRRS) with a high polarization conversion ratio (PCR) is proposed. The 90° polarization rotation (PR) is achieved by employing a PRRS-based diagonally symmetric unit cell including two L-shaped strips with two vias and a centered via-less square patch. The air-based substrate of the structure and its overall dimensions equal to 6 × 6 × 3.3 mm3 (i.e., $0.128{\boldsymbol{\lambda }_0} \times 0.128{\boldsymbol{\lambda }_0} \times 0.07{\boldsymbol{\lambda }_0}\ $ based on the lowest frequency of the band) provide a low-profile PRRS with a considerable reduction in thickness. The PR bandwidth of the proposed PRRS is 111% with a PCR over 90%. This PRRS is also applied for radar cross section reduction (RCSR), which provides a measured 10 dB RCSR in an ultrawide bandwidth of about 114.4% (6.4∼23.5 GHz, covering C-, X-, Ku-, and K-bands). A good agreement between the simulated and measured results and a fair comparison with the state-of-the-art approaches prove the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed design.
Experimental and numerical study of turbulent flow around a Fanwings profile

ABSTRACT The main objective of this paper is an experimental and numerical study of airflow on a propulsive wing also called ventilated wing or FANWING, which is a drone operating at low speed. To optimize the aerodynamic shape of the Fanwing, two different configurations of NACA4415 rectangular wing profile were realized. The first one is a wing where the Cross-Flow Fan is fitted directly to the leading edge with a classic niche. For the second one, we truncated the extension of the niche to create a profile without nose. Two flow velocities with constant fan rotation were used and observed in the range of −16° < α < +30°. A lift coefficient generated by the profiles increases and the drag coefficient decreases, while the distribution of the pressure coefficient on the upper surface increases abruptly because of the flow recirculation. The experiment was performed in a subsonic wind tunnel TE44 and numerical simulations in software Fluent 6.3. 2.6. Both approaches are in good agreement. The visualization showed that the recirculation phenomenon occurs right after the discharge of the cross-flow fan. It reveals that the jet coming out of the fan causes a strong wake behind the profile and suppresses the boundary layer separation.
Numerical solutions of the modified KdV Equation with collocation method

In this article, numerical solutions of the modified Korteweg-de Vries (MKdV) equation have been obtained by a numerical technique attributed on collocation method using quintic B-spline finite elements. The suggested numerical scheme is controlled by applying three test problems involving single solitary wave, interaction of two and three solitary waves. To check the performance of the newly applied method, the error norms, L2 and L∞, as well as the three lowest invariants, I1, I2 and I3, have been calculated. The acquired numerical results are compared with some of those available in the literature. Linear stability analysis of the algorithm is also examined.
Fully distributed robust consensus control of multi-agent systems with heterogeneous unknown fractional-order dynamics

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the robust consensus control problem of heterogeneous unknown nonlinear fractional-order multi-agent systems (FOMASs) without leader and with multiple leaders of bounded inputs. More specifically, FOMASs with nonidentical unknown coupling nonlinearities and external disturbances are considered in this paper, which takes the first-order MASs as its special case. Based on the σ-modification adaptive control technique, some class of discontinuous robust adaptive control protocols are proposed to solve the leaderless consensus problem and containment consensus problem, respectively. By means of the set-valued maps theory and by artfully choosing Lyapunov function, it is shown that the proposed consensus protocols are user friendly in that they are capable of compensating uncertain coupling nonlinearities, rejecting disturbances, rendering smaller control gains and thus requiring smaller amplitude on the control input while preserving global consensus convergence. All of the proposed robust adaptive consensus protocols are independent of any global and unknown information and thus are fully distributed. Some numerical simulations are provided to validate the correctness of the obtained results.
Interference Mitigation via Sparse Coding in ${K}$ -User Interference Channels

In this letter, we propose a signal recovery scheme for interference mitigation in ${K}$ -user interference channels. The recurrent structure of communication signals is investigated, based on which a single-user region (SUR) detection scheme involving sparse coding (SC) is proposed. A dictionary is constructed directly over SURs detected. Recovery of signal in the principal link is then implemented via a template matching step over the dictionary. Comparing with existing signal recovery schemes involving SC, main contributions include: 1) the proposed scheme is significantly more practical as it no more relies on clean signals as a prior for dictionary construction and 2) traditional time-consuming dictionary training is avoided, thus the computation complexity is remarkably lowered. Simulation results show that SURs in the received signal can be accurately recognized via the proposed SUR detection scheme. Moreover, the signal recovered by the proposed scheme is of higher quality, under lower time consumption and without clean signal as a prior, comparing with existing scheme.
Resonant switch model of twin peak HF QPOs applied to the source 4U 1636-53

Resonant Switch (RS) model of twin peak high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (HF QPOs) assumes switch of twin oscillations at a resonant point where frequencies of the upper and lower oscillationsU andL become commensurable and the twin oscillations change from one pair of the oscillating modes (corresponding to a specific model of H F QPOs) to some other pair due to non-linear resonant phenomena. The RS model is used to determine range of allowed values of spin a and mass M of the neutron star located at the atoll source 4U 1636−53 where two resonant points are observed at frequency ratiosU : �L = 3 : 2, 5 : 4. We consider the standard specific models of the twin oscillations based on the orbital and epicyclic geodetical frequencies. The resonant points are determined by the energy switch effect exhibited by the vanishing of the amplitude difference of the upper and lower oscillations. The predicted ranges of the neutron star parameters are strongly dependent on the twin modes applied in the RS model. We demon- strate that for some of the oscillatory modes used in the RS model the predicted parameters of the neutron star are unacceptable. Among acceptable RS models the most promising are those combining the Relativistic Precession and the Total Precession frequency relations or their mod- ifications.