Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Multimodal Perspectives to Learn Common Sense for Vision and Language Tasks

Learning and reasoning with common sense is a challenging problem in Artificial Intelligence (AI). Humans have the remarkable ability to interpret images and text from different perspectives in multiple modalities, and to use large amounts of commonsense knowledge while performing visual or textual tasks. Inspired by that ability, we approach commonsense learning as leveraging perspectives from multiple modalities for images and text in the context of vision and language tasks. Given a target task (e.g., textual reasoning, matching images with captions), our system first represents input images and text in multiple modalities (e.g., vision, text, abstract scenes and facts). Those modalities provide different perspectives to interpret the input images and text. And then based on those perspectives, the system performs reasoning to make a joint prediction for the target task. Surprisingly, we show that interpreting textual assertions and scene descriptions in the modality of abstract scenes improves performance on various textual reasoning tasks, and interpreting images in the modality of Visual Question Answering improves performance on caption retrieval, which is a visual reasoning task. With grounding, imagination and question-answering approaches to interpret images and text in different modalities, we show that learning commonsense knowledge from multiple modalities effectively improves the performance of downstream vision and language tasks, improves interpretability of the model and is able to make more efficient use of training data. Complementary to the model aspect, we also study the data aspect of commonsense learning in vision and language. We study active learning for Visual Question Answering (VQA) where a model iteratively grows its knowledge through querying informative questions about images for answers. Drawing analogies from human learning, we explore cramming (entropy), curiosity-driven (expected model change), and goal-driven (expected error reduction) active learning approaches, and propose a new goal-driven scoring function for deep VQA models under the Bayesian Neural Network framework. Once trained with a large initial training set, a deep VQA model is able to efficiently query informative question-image pairs for answers to improve itself through active learning, saving human effort on commonsense annotations. Leveraging Multimodal Perspectives to Learn Common Sense for Vision and Language Tasks
Vertical aerosol concentrations in the lowest 300m of the troposphere for solar tower plants assessment from CALIPSO satellite and ECMWF-MACC data

One of the essential meteorological variables to consider in the CSP plants projection is the Aerosol Optical Depth. Its value within the layer spanned between the surface and about the next 300m could be particularly critical for Solar Tower technology due to the attenuation through the slant path. The data here presented come from the comparison of CALIPSO satellite and MACC model regarding aerosols in both the lowest 300m layer and the total column in a nearly geographical domain along with a collection of the most challenging issues faced by both approaches. A brief summary of the State of the Art complements the tools to interpret the data and might be a starting point for future improvements.
The January 2019 (Mw 6.7) Coquimbo Earthquake: Insights from a Seismic Sequence within the Nazca Plate

On 20 January 2019, the Chilean cities of Coquimbo and La Serena were shaken by an intraplate earthquake of Mw 6.7 located at 70 km depth. High peak ground acceleration values and macroseismic intensities were reported. The mainshock was followed by more than 150 aftershocks higher than ML 2.5, a seismic sequence completely recorded by local stations. Using a 3D velocity model, we precisely located the seismicity. The aftershocks were located some 20 km above and shifted from the mainshock but still inside the Nazca plate. We also performed moment tensor inversion of nine events obtaining mostly normal‐fault focal mechanisms and kinematic inversions using the elliptical‐patch approach. We found that the mainshock broke an approximated zone of 6 km by 8 km, propagated upward in the northwest direction and away from the aftershock area. The rupture inverted from accelerograms containing up to 1 Hz was characterized with a high stress drop of 7.51 MPa and a short seismic source time function of only 3 s duration.
Ein Tourismussatellitenkonto für Österreich. Ökonomische Zusammenhänge, Methoden und Hauptergebnisse

Im Gegensatz zu den produktionsorientierten Wirtschaftszweigen wie Landwirtschaft oder Sachgutererzeugung definieren sich touristische Guter nicht durch ihre produktspezifischen Eigenschaften, sondern durch die Tatsache, dass sie von einer bestimmten Personengruppe – den Touristen – konsumiert werden. Da die herkommliche Statistik und die Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung die monetare Grosenordnung des Tourismussektors wegen seiner vielfaltigen volkswirtschaftlichen Verflechtungen nur unzureichend darstellen, wurde von Statistik Austria und dem WIFO – basierend auf den von Eurostat, OECD und WTO empfohlenen methodischen Grundlagen – ein Tourismussatellitenkonto (TSA) im Rahmen der VGR entwickelt. Gemas diesen Berechnungen trug der Tourismus im Jahr 2001 etwa 9% zur gesamtwirtschaftlichen Bruttowertschopfung bei. Berucksichtigt man zusatzlich die Freizeitausgaben der Osterreicher am Wohnort, so durfte das Gewicht des gesamten Sektors uber 16% des BIP betragen.
Synthesis of onion-like carbon using 3-phase plasma reactor

ii Table of contents . iii List of Figures . v List of Tables . viii 1.1 Onion Like carbon . 1 1.2 Methods of OLC production . 3 1.2.1 Electron beam irradiation . 4 1.2.2 Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) . 4 1.2. 3 Arc discharge in water . 4 1.2. 4 High temperature annealing of nano diamonds . 5 Chapter 2. Literature review on 3-phase plasma . 8 2.1 Plasma technology. 8 2.2 3-Phase plasma arc technology for nano-carbon production . 9 Chapter 3 . 12 3.1 Research scope and objectives . 12 3.1.2 Significance of study . 14 3.1. 3 Delimitations . 15 3.1. 4 Assumptions . 15 3.2. Background of the 3-phase plasma reactor developed by Applied Nano Lab . 16 3.2.1 3-phase plasma reactor 1 generation (GenI) . 16 3.3 2nd Generation Plasma Reactor (GenII) . 21 3.4. Quasi-2D model 3-phase plasma reactor Gen-II . 23 3.4.1 Finite volume method for convection-diffusion . 23 3.4.2 Central differencing scheme . 26 3.4. 3 Upwind difference scheme . 27 3.4. 4 Hybrid differencing scheme . 29 3.4. 5 Description of the MATLAB code . 30 3.4. 6 Analysis of the important parameters in the design of the reactor via the quasi-2D model. 33 Chapter 4: Methodology . 38 4.1 Reactor design . 38 4.2 Instruments . 42 4.2.1 Power Supply . 42
Relationship of Big Data Analytics Capability and Product Innovation Performance using SmartPLS 3.2.6: Hierarchical Component Modelling in PLS-SEM

Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) is well-known as the second generation of multivariate statistical analysis to correlate the relationship between multiple variables namely the latent construct. Lately, the popularity using PLS-SEM is growing within the Variance-Based (VB) SEM community. There is still a great number of researcher finding VB-SEM results reporting a daunting task. Ultimately, an advanced PLS-SEM analysis utilizing product innovation performance example with SmartPLS 3.2. 6 tool. Higher order construct or hierarchical component modelling is seen as an advanced tool towards the parsimony of the research variables conceptualization.
Implied volatility measures

In this thesis the construction of implied volatility measures is considered. Two popular option pricing models, namely Black-Scholes model and CoxRoss-Rubinstein binomial model, are derived, solved and their inversion is considered to obtain implied volatility estimates. In addition, current market volatility indexes used by practitioners are discussed and Chicago Board Options Exchange’s (CBOE) VIX index is derived in detail. Implied volatility measures rely heavily on the underlying assumptions of the option pricing models. In this thesis we assume the underlying asset to follow the geometric Brownian motion. The geometric Brownian motion is derived and the implications of the motion are discussed. Also, other assumptions in the pricing models are discussed. Due to some unrealistic assumptions in the pricing models, implied volatility measures have limitations and problems. These problems are introduced and the ways to alleviate these problems are discussed.
Professional Development of Pre-Service Teachers in an English Language Teacher Education Program.

This case study aims to explore the professional development experiences of two fourth– year student teachers (mentees, hereafter) and their two cooperative school teachers (mentors, hereafter) in the practicum component of English language teacher education program in a state university. The participants of this study were doing their internship in their last year of preservice education. In order to understand the mentorship process in terms of professional development practice for those involved, two mentees and their mentors were interviewed. The results indicated that the relationship between mentor and mentee is continuous, dynamic, and fruitful for both parties. Mentees reported that they developed a teacher identity and improved themselves particularly in classroom management. Mentors also stated that they felt refreshed and had the chance to update their knowledge with the help of mentees. Implications for the mentorship and practicum process are discussed based on the results of this study.
Work-Family Conflict, Social Support and Job Satisfaction among Saudi Female Teachers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

: Work-family and family-work conflict are problematic in today's business world. This is due to the negative consequences on employees' job satisfaction, which in turn leads to low productivity. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between work-family conflict, family-work conflict, social support and job satisfaction among Saudi female teachers who have at least one child. 15 secondary schools located in Riyadh and 194 Saudi female teachers were selected for this study. The results indicate that work-family and family-work conflict are both negatively correlated with job satisfaction. The findings also reveal that supervisor support and colleague support are positively correlated with job satisfaction. It is recommended for school management to consider child care services and flexible working schedules for female teachers who have children. In addition, effective training programs focusing on communication and management skills would be beneficial. Further research that includes different measures and another environment is also suggested, which could result in better understanding of the relationships between the study variables. ______________________________ ___________________________________________
Late Quaternary slip rates for faults of the central Walker Lane (Nevada, USA): Spatiotemporal strain release in a strike-slip fault system

The Walker Lane is a broad shear zone that accommodates a significant portion of North American–Pacific plate relative transform motion through a complex of fault systems and block rotations. Analysis of digital elevation models, constructed from both lidar data and structure-from-motion modeling of unmanned aerial vehicle photography, in conjunction with 10Be and 36Cl cosmogenic and optically stimulated luminescence dating define new Late Pleistocene to Holocene minimum strike-slip rates for the Benton Springs (1.5 ± 0.2 mm/yr), Petrified Springs (0.7 ± 0.1 mm/yr), Gumdrop Hills (0.9 +0.3/−0.2 mm/yr), and Indian Head (0.8 ± 0.1 mm/yr) faults of the central Walker Lane (Nevada, USA). Regional mapping of the fault traces within Quaternary deposits further show that the Indian Head and southern Benton Springs faults have had multiple Holocene ruptures, with inferred coseismic displacements of ∼3 m, while absence of displaced Holocene deposits along the Agai Pah, Gumdrop Hills, northern Benton Springs, and Petrified Springs faults suggest they have not. Combining these observations and comparing them with geodetic estimates of deformation across the central Walker Lane, indicates that at least one-third of the ∼8 mm/yr geodetic deformation budget has been focused across strike-slip faults, accommodated by only two of the five faults discussed here, during the Holocene, and possibly half from all the strike-slip faults during the Late Pleistocene. These results indicate secular variations of slip distribution and irregular recurrence intervals amongst the system of strike-slip faults. This makes the geodetic assessment of fault slip rates and return times of earthquakes on closely spaced strike-slip fault systems challenging. Moreover, it highlights the importance of understanding temporal variations of slip distribution within fault systems when comparing geologic and geodetic rates. Finally, the study provides examples of the importance and value in using observations of soil development in assessing the veracity of surface exposure ages determined with terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide analysis.
Research on measuring pipe tray processing man-hour quota based on genetic neural network

Tray is the unit of infield fabrication of the ship pipes. The number of pipes in each tray is different, and the structure of pipe itself is complex, resulting in more difficulty in determination of the entire pipe tray processing man-hour. In order to exactly measure the pipe tray man-hour quota, this paper analyzes main characteristic quantity of the pipe tray and selects the relevant information of 60characteristic quantities of the pipe tray for analysis based on the genetic neural algorithm, and uses MATLAB software simulated data curve to construct a model for measurement of tray pipe processing man-hour, and substitute into new tray pipe man-hour data for verification. The research results show that it is feasible to use this method to predict the pipe tray processing man-hour. The conclusion has some reference values for the prediction of the pipe tray processing man-hour.
Minimum Qualitative Variables to Value Patents by Technology-Based Firms

Since the 1990’s, intangible assets such as patents have taken on importance in organizations and, as a result, several stakeholders are increasingly concerned about protecting, valuating, commercializing and negotiating technologies developed by patenting processes. This study aims to establish Minimum Qualitative Variables (MQVs) to support the valuation of patents by technology-based firms. The method to determine the MQVs was qualitative and based on a correlation matrix between MQVs identified in the literature and those suggested by experts. The results indicate that identifying such variables, especially the legal kind, is crucial to the valuation process because they suggest the possibility of producing and commercializing the technology in a given geographical context.
Paul Wilmott Introduces Quantitative Finance Ed. 2

Paul Wilmott Introduces Quantitative Finance, Second Edition is an accessible introduction to the classical side of quantitative finance specifically for university students. Adapted from the comprehensive, even epic, works Derivatives and Paul Wilmott on Quantitative Finance, Second Edition, it includes carefully selected chapters to give the student a thorough understanding of futures, options and numerical methods. Software is included to help visualize the most important ideas and to show how techniques are implemented in practice. There are comprehensive end-of-chapter exercises to test students on their understanding.
Optimum design and operation analysis of permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motor

This paper presents an optimum design process and operational analysis of a permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMASynRM) as a low-cost and highly efficient consumed magnet material machine. The motor’s topology is based on inserting partial permanent magnetic materials into flux barriers of an original synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) that implicitly increase the difference between the machine’s inductances, thereby increasing output torque. The procedure of rotor design as the main contribution of this paper is carefully illustrated. The rectangular shape of the flux barriers was found to achieve cost reduction and improve productivity. The impact of the permanent magnet added to the rectangular flux barriers and how it decreases the q-axis flux are described. For analytical studies, the optimum structure of a sample machine for high-power application is designed through the 2D finite element method in a Maxwell environment. For the sample machine, it is shown that the optimum number of flux barriers, optimum insulation ratio, and optimum width of permanent magnets in order to maintain the rating level of output and minimize the ripple are 4, 0.375, and 30 mm, respectively. In addition to demonstrating the operation of the motor with and without permanent magnet material, the performance of the hybrid motor is evaluated with two different permanent magnet materials, ferrite and NdFeB. Simulation results show that despite a negligible rise of ripple torque, the PMASynRM is able to achieve a higher output torque than the original SynRM with a low amount of permanent magnet material.
We are not third parties: Exploring conflict between action researchers and stakeholders as the engine of transformation

Action research has approached conflict mainly through the concept of conflict resolution, where action researchers play a role as third parties acting as organizers, conveners, and facilitators. This paper proposes a complementary role as stakeholders in the conflicts of territorial development and thus, as one more part in conflict. This is done in the context of one specific approach to action research, namely, action research for territorial development and one specific project, the Territorial Development Laboratory initiated in 2009 in Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, Spain. The paper argues that the ideological and political positions of action researchers, legitimated by the other stakeholders through the action research process, give them a stake in territorial development conflicts. It also revisits the interpretation of participation in action research in order to conceptualize action researchers’ role as stakeholders in the conflicts of territorial development. These discussions are of interest for any action researcher wanting to explore her or his role as a part in conflict in action research processes and not exclusively as a third party facilitating the process.
Do Investors Value Higher Financial Reporting Quality, and Can Expanded Audit Reports Unlock This Value?

We present new theory and experimental findings indicating that investors ascribe value to firms that use higher financial reporting quality (FRQ), controlling for the influence of higher FRQ on their estimates of these firms' fundamental value. To guide our investigation, we draw on the cooperation literature in accounting, finance, and psychology. We identify expanded audit reports, particularly auditor commentary, as a mechanism that credibly communicates whether a firm uses higher FRQ. Auditor commentary increases investors' willingness to pay (WTP) more for shares of a firm using higher FRQ than a competing firm using lower FRQ. We also provide process evidence that investors perceive higher FRQ as cooperative behavior by measuring their affective responses and cognitive beliefs, which mediate the influence of audit commentary on investors' increased WTP for higher FRQ. A second experiment bolsters the link between investors' affective and cognitive responses to a firm's FRQ and perceived cooperative behavior.
Pharmacometric models simulation using NONMEM, Berkeley Madonna and R

In this tutorial, we introduce a differential equation simulation model for use in pharmacometrics involving NONMEM, Berkeley Madonna, and R. We report components of the simulation code and similarities/differences between software, rather than how to use each software. Depending on the purpose of the simulation, an appropriate tool can be selected for effective communication.
Robotic hand with palm section comprising several parts able to move relative to each other

An improved robotic hand in which the palm section enables it to be capable of a wide range of movement with the ability to have good precision and control. The palm section consists of a plurality of parts which are able to move or flex relative to each other. Preferably, it is constructed as five bar spherical linkage having two degrees of freedom.
International Migration and Turnout Bias

ABSTRACT This article focuses on two commonly used indicators of turnout, VAP turnout (the number of votes cast as a percentage of the voting-age population) and RV turnout (votes cast as a percentage of the number of registered voters), and discusses possible biases induced by migration flows. Using a global dataset on elections in more than 100 democracies between 1990 and 2012, we tested the potential bias induced by the percentage of resident noncitizens and nationals living abroad on VAP and RV turnout, respectively. Through time-series cross-sectional analysis, we found that the number of resident noncitizens negatively biases VAP turnout, to the extent that a country with 10% noncitizen residents would have turnout underreported by nearly 4 percentage points. In contrast, we found that the number of nationals living abroad does not induce a turnout bias.
Extension and inversion of salt-bearing rift systems

Abstract. We used physical models to investigate the structural evolution of segmented extensional rifts containing syn-rift evaporites and their subsequent inversion. An early stage of extension generated structural topography consisting of a series of en-échelon graben. Our salt analog filled these graben and the surroundings before continued extension and, finally, inversion. During post-salt extension, deformation in the subsalt section remained focused on the graben-bounding fault systems, whereas deformation in suprasalt sediments was mostly detached, forming a sigmoidal extensional minibasin system across the original segmented graben array. Little brittle deformation was observed in the post-salt section. Sedimentary loading from the minibasins drove salt up onto the footwalls of the subsalt faults, forming diapirs and salt-ridge networks on the intra-rift high blocks. Salt remobilization and expulsion from beneath the extensional minibasins was enhanced along and up the major relay or transfer zones that separated the original sub-salt grabens, forming major diapirs in these locations. Inversion of this salt-bearing rift system produced strongly decoupled shortening belts in basement and suprasalt sequences. Suprasalt deformation geometries and orientations are strongly controlled by the salt diapir and ridge network produced during extension and subsequent downbuilding. Thrusts are typically localized at minibasin margins where the overburden was thinnest, and salt had risen diapirically on the horst blocks. In the subsalt section, shortening strongly inverted sub-salt grabens, which uplifted the suprasalt minibasins. New pop-up structures also formed in the subsalt section. Primary welds formed as suprasalt minibasins touched down onto inverted graben. Model geometries compare favorably to natural examples such as those in the Moroccan High Atlas.