Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Footprint areas of pollen from alder (Alnus) and birch (Betula) in the UK (Worcester) and Poland (Wrocław) during 2005-2014

In this study we analyzed daily pollen concentrations of Alnus spp. and Betula spp. from Worcester, UK and Wroclaw, Poland. We analyzed seasonality, annual pollen index and footprint areas for the observed pollen concentrations by using the trajectory model hybrid single particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory (HYSPLIT). We examined 10 years of data during the period 2005–2014 and found substantial differences in the seasonality, pollen indices and footprint areas. For both genera, concentrations in Wroclaw are in general much higher, the seasons are shorter and therefore more intense than in Worcester. The reasons appear to be related to the differences in overall climate between the two sites and more abundant sources in Poland than in England. The footprint areas suggest that the source of the pollen grains are mainly local trees but appear to be augmented by remote sources, in particular for Betula spp. but only to a small degree for Alnus spp. For Betula spp. , both sites appear to get contributions from areas in Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium, while known Betula spp. rich regions in Russia, Belarus and Scandinavia had a very limited impact on the pollen concentrations in Worcester and Wroclaw. Substantial and systematic variations in pollen indices are seen for Betula spp. in Wroclaw with high values every second year while a similar pattern is not observed for Worcester. This pattern was not reproduced for Alnus spp.
Social role conceptions and CSR policy

Businesses are eager to present themselves as honest and reliable corporate citizens who care about the overall well-being of society. This article researches whether different role conceptions of businesses regarding social issues are related to their success in dealing with social demands. Do socially active companies have a better social reputation than inactive companies? This relationship is determined by first extracting the social role conceptions of the companies from their Corporate Social Responsibility reports and then comparing this data to their social reputations. The analysis shows that there is indeed a relationship between these two variables. Companies with a broad social role conception score significantly better on their social reputations than companies with a narrow role conception. Social role conceptions therefore matter when dealing with social
Low-Frequency Noise in TFETs

Nanowire tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) were investigated by carrying out noise measurements and low-temperature DC measurements. The TFET tunnelling junction was realised by a GaSb/InAs heterojunction resulting in a broken band gap. TFET noise currents were measured at frequencies between 10 Hz and 1 kHz. The results imply that noise in TFETs at the current state of development is dominated by generation-recombination processes caused by traps in the gate oxide. Trap densities between 10^20 cm^-3 eV^-1 and 10^22 cm^-3 eV^-1 were extracted from the noise measurements. The temperature-dependent DC measurements show that the TFETs' off-current is sensitive to the temperature, with lower off-currents at lower temperatures. This indicates that it is not only the tunnelling junction which is governing the off-current. It is concluded that in the devices' off-state electrons can still tunnel into the channel area through the broken band gap but require additional thermionic excitation over the bent channel conduction band to constitute a current.
Camera calibration for oblique viewing laparoscopes

Expansion of surgical navigation (SN) to laparoscopic procedures can be achieved by implementation of augmented reality (AR). In AR, the patient model of SN is overlaid on the laparoscopic images to provide the surgeon with a ‘roadmap’ for the procedure. AR requires a camera model to link the patient model to the images, and requires all systems to be synchronized to prevent a delay in visualization of the patient model. A delay estimation procedure is created based on phase differences between fitted sinusoidal functions of a rotating object that is tracked by both systems. The procedure allows estimation of the delay within an accuracy of 5 ms. All intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters are evaluated independently, and are compared against assumptions in available literature. From this, an angle dependent camera model is developed for the Olympus EndoEye HD 10 mm oblique viewing laparoscope under investigation. The proposed camera model uses a fixed focal length and radial distortion, and describes the principal point and decentering distortion as an elliptical motion during rotation of the laparoscope. The position of the camera is defined in relation to a reference sensor attached to the cylinder of the laparoscope. A reprojection error of < 1 pixel RMS is achieved using the proposed camera model on calibration data. Validation data is acquired in opposite rotation direction of the laparoscope compared to the calibration data. On the validation data the reprojection error increases to a maximum of 100 pixels RMS. The cause of this error is determined to be a movement of the camera’s image sensor within the laparoscope. As the image sensor’s pose cannot be tracked externally, it does not seem feasible to create a camera model for the specific type of laparoscope used during this study. As the proposed model performs well on calibration data, it should be evaluated on other laparoscopes to investigate if a different laparoscope allows implementation of AR and thereby expand SN to laparoscopic procedures.
The mass of Himalia from the perturbations on other satellites

We made an attempt to determine the masses of two Jupiter's outer satellites, Himalia (J6) and Pasiphae (J8), on the basis of their perturbations on other satellites. For this, all observations available in the database of the Natural Satellite Data Center (NSDC, http://lnfm1.sai.msu.ru/neb/nss/index.htm) were used. New value of the product of Himalia's mass by the gravity constant Gm = (0.28 ± 0.04) km 3 /s 2 was obtained (the uncertainty of one-sigma is given). We demonstrated that the determination of the mass is possible only because of one close approach of Himalia (J6) and Elara (J7) which took place on July 15th, 1949, when the distance between them was 65 031 km. Independent determination of Himalia's mass allowed to obtain the relationship between assumed values of density and geometric albedo of this satellite. Researches based on simulated observations showed that such a determination of the mass for the satellite Pasiphae (J8) is impossible.
Romanian Current Account Sustainability after the Adhesion to European Union

After the fall of communist regime the Romanian current account passed from exceeds to substantial and persistent deficits. This evolution raised concerns over the country external sustainability. Since 2007, in the Romanian foreign trade dramatic changes occurred, being induced by the adhesion to European Union and by the global crisis. The adhesion to European Union stimulated both exports and imports. However, because the exports growth was much less consistent than the imports growth, the deficits of current account widened. Beginning with the end of 2008, the national economy was affected by the global crisis which discouraged both exports and imports. This time, because the decline of exports was less sharp than the decline of imports, the deficits of the Romanian current account narrowed. However, the country external sustainability is still an actual problem in the circumstances of the new challenges of a changing international context. In this paper we investigate the sustainability of the Romanian current account from January 2007 to January 2013. In our analysis we employ monthly values of the main components of the current account. We also use unit root and cointegration tests that allow taking into consideration the structural breaks. Our results suggest the deficits of the current account are not sustainable.
Determinants of Sawnwood Consumption in Slovakia

This paper aimed to determine coniferous and non-coniferous sawnwood demand drivers and used historical data on their development as independent variables in the sawnwood demand models. The study presented a general form of ad hoc model that explained sawnwood consumption per capita as a function of a range of socio-economic factors. Based on the theory of demand, the most important factors were identified to enter the regression model including significant price and income variables. In the case of the non-coniferous sawnwood model, time lag variables were applied. The results of the estimated econometric models confirmed the presence of different explanatory variables for both types of sawnwood. While consumption per capita of both coniferous and non-coniferous sawnwood was determined by the activities of the construction sector, and demand appeared to be very elastic in relation to the number of completed dwellings, the price and substitution for other wood materials had a significant impact only on non-coniferous sawnwood.
Synthesizing Instruction Selection

Instruction selection is the part in a compiler that transforms IR code into machine code. Instruction selectors build on a library of hundreds if not thousands of rules. Creating and maintaining these rules is a tedious and error-prone manual process. In this paper, we present a fully automatic approach to create provably correct rule libraries from formal specifications of the instruction set architecture and the compiler IR using template-based counter-example guided synthesis (CEGIS). Thereby, we overcome several shortcomings of an existing SMT-based CEGIS approach, which was not applicable to our setting in the first place.We propose a novel way of handling memory operations and show how the search space can be iteratively explored to synthesize rules that are relevant for instruction selection. Our approach synthesized a large part of the integer arithmetic rules for the x86 architecture within a few days where existing techniques could not deliver a substantial rule library within weeks. With respect to the runtime of the compiled programs, we show that the synthesized rules are close to a manually-tuned instruction selector.
Bone toxicity of persistent organic pollutants

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), especially dioxin-like chemicals, have been shown to have adverse effects on skeleton and these effects are likely to be mediated via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). In spite of the extensive research, the characteristics of developmental effects of POPs are poorly known and the role of AHR in POP bone toxicity and skeletal development in general. In this project changes in bone morphology and strength as well as tissue matrix mechanics are studied by applying state of the art biomedical engineering methods. This allows understanding of the effects of dioxins exposure and AHR activity on the development and maturation of extracellular matrix in musculoskeletal tissues from a completely new perspective, and thereby improving the health risk assessment of POPs. In the present study skeletal properties of rats exposed maternally to 2,3,7,8tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), Northern Contaminant Mixture (NCM) and Aroclor 1254 (A1254) were studied for cross-sectional morphometric and biomechanical properties, and data were analysed with benchmark dose modelling. In addition, extracellular matrix properties were analysed using nanoindentation. Similar measurements were performed for adult wild-type and AHR-null mice after TCDD exposure. The same animals were also analysed for microstructural changes using micro-computed tomography and their bone cell activity was estimated from serum markers and gene expression. Analyses show decreased bone length and cross-sectional properties with consequently decreased bone strength. On the other hand, an increased trabecular bone mineral density in response to NCM and A1254 was observed. In addition, bone matrix properties indicated delayed maturation or early senescence after maternal or adult exposure, respectively. The AHR is mainly responsible for bone toxicity of dioxin-like compounds and plays a role in bone development. This is likely due to disturbed bone remodeling as indicated by altered serum markers and gene expression. Overall these results indicate that POPs decrease bone strength, but the interpretation is difficult as there is more trabecular bone within cortical bone with compromised quality and increased porosity.
Short-term Effects of Cattle Grazing on Nematode Communities in Florida Pastures

McSorley, R. , and J. J. Frederick. 2000. Short-term effects of cattle grazing on nematode communities in Florida pastures. Nematropica 30:211-221. Effects of cattle population density on nematode community structure were evaluated in a rotational grazing study involving 16 experimental pastures (each 20-32 ha in size) at a cattle ranch in south-central Florida. Summer pastures were grazed from Apr./May to Oct./Nov. and winter pastures from Oct./Nov. to Apr./May. Experimental design was a split-plot, with two pasture locations (winter, summer) as main plots and four cattle densities (0, 15, 20, or 35 cow-calf pairs per pasture) as subplots. With a few exceptions, population densities of most nematode genera in winter and summer pastures were similar (P 0.10). Cattle density had relatively little effect on population levels of individual nematode genera or on indices of nematode community structure. Of the more than 50 nem- atode genera found at this site, Monhystera populations were
Scaling new heights: first record of Boulenger’s Lazy Toad Scutiger boulengeri (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from high altitude lake in Sikkim Himalaya, India

Frogs in the genus Scutiger of the family Megophryidae are the highest altitude frogs in the world, and are endemic to eastern Himalaya. Here, we report the occurrence of Scutiger boulengeri (Bedriaga, 1898) in one of the highest altitude lakes in the world, Lake Gurudongmar. This is the first report of Scutiger boulengeri from India and the first record of any amphibian species to be found at an altitude as high as 5270m, thus setting a world record for the highest altitude frog. Scutiger sikimmensis (Blyth, 1855) is another species of the genus Scutiger found in this region. This species is often confused with Scutiger boulengeri due to similar morphology and habitat overlap. We provide a detailed account of both S. boulengeri and S. sikimmensis based on morphology and molecular identification techniques.
Linearization of vector radiative transfer with respect to aerosol properties and its use in satellite remote sensing

[1] We present a plane parallel radiative transfer model for polarized light that provides the intensity vector field as well as analytical derivatives of the four Stokes parameters at the top of the atmosphere with respect to physical properties of spherical aerosols. The linearization consists of two steps: (1) calculation of the derivatives of the four Stokes parameters at the top of the atmosphere with respect to scattering coefficient, extinction coefficient, and expansion coefficients of the scattering phase matrix. These derivatives are calculated employing the forward-adjoint perturbation theory. General expressions are presented that can be applied for the linearization of any vector radiative transfer model that calculates the internal radiation field in the model atmosphere. (2) The second step is calculation of the derivatives of the scattering coefficient, extinction coefficient, and the expansion coefficients of the scattering phase matrix, with respect to the real and imaginary part of the refractive index, and parameters describing the size distribution (e.g., effective radius, effective variance). These derivatives are analytically calculated following Mie theory. The use of the developed linearized radiative transfer model for the retrieval of aerosol properties is demonstrated using synthetic measurements of intensity and polarization of the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2). Here it is shown that an iterative retrieval approach based on the linearized radiative transfer model is suited to solve the nonlinear aerosol retrieval problem, and additionally allows a solid error analysis.
A RANS K-? SIMULATION OF 2D TURBULENT NATURAL CONVECTION IN AN ENCLOSURE WITH HEATING SOURCES

ABSTRACT: This study is conducted to investigate turbulent natural convection flow in an enclosure with thermal sources using the low-Reynolds number (LRN) k-? model. This enclosure has a cold source with temperature Tc and a hot source with temperature Th as thermal sources, other walls of the enclosure are adiabatic. The aim of this study is to predict the effect of change in Rayleigh number, repositioning of cold and hot sources, and thermal sources aspect ratio on the flow field, temperature, and rate of heat transfer. To achieve this aim, the equations of continuity, momentum, energy, turbulent kinetic energy, and kinetic energy dissipation are employed in the case of 2D turbulence with constant thermo-physical properties except the density in the buoyancy term (Boussinesq approximation). To numerically solve these equations, the finite volume method and SIMPLE algorithm are used. According to the modeling results, the most optimal temperature distribution in the enclosure is seen when the hot source is below the cold source. With decreasing distance between hot and cold sources, heat transfer rate increases. The maximal heat transfer rate is derived via study of the heating sources aspect ratio. In constant positions of cold and hot sources on a wall, the heat transfer rate increases with increasing Rayleigh number (Ra=109-1011). ABSTAK: Kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengkaji perubahan semula jadi aliran perolakan dalam tempat tertutup dengan sumber haba menggunakan model k-? nombor Reynolds-rendah (LRN). Bekas tertutup ini mempunyai dua sumber haba iaitu sumber sejuk dengan suhu Tc dan sumber panas dengan suhu Th, manakala dinding lain bekas ini adalah adiabatik. Tujuan kajian ini adalah bagi mengesan perubahan nombor Rayleigh, mengubah sumber sejuk dan panas dan nisbah sumber haba kepada kawasan aliran, suhu dan halaju perubahan haba. Bagi mencapai tujuan tersebut, persamaan sambungan, momentum, tenaga, tenaga kinetik perolakan, dan pengurangan tenaga kinetik telah dilaksanakan dalam kes perolakan 2D dengan sifat fizikal-haba berterusan (malar) kecuali isipadu terma keapungan (anggaran Boussinesq). Bagi menyelesaikan persamaan ini secara berangka, kaedah isipadu terhad dan algorithma MUDAH telah digunakan. Berdasarkan keputusan model, suhu distribusi optimal dalam bekas tertutup dilihat apabila sumber panas adalah kurang daripada sumber sejuk. Dengan pengurangan jarak antara sumber panas dan sejuk, kadar pertukaran haba meningkat. Kadar pertukaran haba maksima telah diperoleh melalui kajian nisbah aspek sumber pemanasan. Kadar pertukaran haba bertambah dengan bertambahnya nombor Rayleigh (Ra=109-1011), pada posisi tetap sumber sejuk dan panas pada dinding bekas.
Social Network, Activity Space, Sentiment, and Evacuation: What Can Social Media Tell Us?

Hurricanes are one of the most common natural hazards in the United States. To reduce fatalities and economic losses, coastal states and counties take protective actions, including sheltering in place and evacuation away from the coast. Not everyone adheres to hurricane evacuation warnings or orders. In reality, evacuation rates are far less than 100 percent and are estimated using posthurricane questionnaire surveys to residents in the affected area. To overcome limitations of traditional data collection methods that are costly in time and resources, an increasing number of natural hazards studies have used social media data as a data source. To better understand social media users’ evacuation behaviors, this article investigates whether activity space, social network, and long-term sentiment trends are associated with individuals’ evacuation decisions by measuring and comparing Twitter users’ evacuation decisions during Hurricane Matthew in 2016. We find that (1) evacuated people have larger long-term activity spaces than nonevacuated people, (2) people in the same social network tend to make the same evacuation decision, and (3) evacuated people have smaller long-term sentimental variances than nonevacuated people. These results are consistent with previous studies based on questionnaire and survey data and thus provide researchers a new method to study human behavior during disasters. Key Words: big data, disaster management, evacuation, hurricane, social media.
The glacial North Atlantic Oscillation

Based upon coupled climate simulations driven by present day and glacial boundary conditions, we demonstrate that the glacial North Atlantic Oscillation was characterized by four distinct centres of action and thus by an atmospheric circulation that differed radically in terms of its internal variability from modern conditions. Moreover, we show that although simulated modern climate supports a coupled atmosphere‐ocean mode characterized by a timescale near 30 years (so‐called Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, AMO), this mode is predicted to be absent under LGM conditions.
Diameter Control and Photoluminescence of ZnO Nanorods from Trialkylamines

A novel solution method to control the diameter of ZnO nanorods is reported. Small diameter (2-3 nm) nanorods were synthesized from trihexylamine, and large diameter (50–80 nm) nanorods were synthesized by increasing the alkyl chain length to tridodecylamine. The defect (green) emission of the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the nanorods varies with diameter, and can thus be controlled by the diameter control. The small ZnO nanorods have strong green emission, while the large diameter nanorods exhibit a remarkably suppressed green band. We show that this observation supports surface oxygen vacancies as the defect that gives rise to the green emission.
The Effect of Sales and Evidence from Micro Data

The concept of menu cost indicates that firms are facing a fixed menu cost when they want to change the nominal prices. However, the standard menu cost model is hardly to explain the observed facts from micro-level data, especially in terms of sales. In this paper, we investigate the effect of sales through a novel product-level dataset. There are at least three findings from our estimation results. First, we find that retail sales themselves, rather than price decreases, have a large effect on consumers’ purchases. Second, consumers are more prices sensitive when the product is on sale than they are when the product is not on sale. Third, consumers are far more aware of price decreases than price increases.