Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Temperature Influence on Low-Cost Microphone Response for 3D Printing Process Monitoring

The 3D printing process deals with the manufacture of parts by adding layers of material onto a heated printing bed. Electret microphones are widely used as low-cost and precise measuring devices. However, its response was negatively affected by higher temperatures due to the field effect transistor utilized in its construction. The Pencil Lead Break (PLB) method is a standardized artificial acoustic emission source utilized for the evaluation of sensors response. The present work aimed to study the electret microphone response for 3D printing monitoring and to evaluate the efficiency of a proposed housing to reduce the printing bed temperature’s influence on the electret microphone’s response. The microphone housing was 3D-printed utilizing ABS filament; its geometry was designed with the purpose of separating the sensor from the heated bed and creating an acoustic shell. Then, PLB tests were performed, and the raw signal was collected from housed and non-housed microphones at 5 MHz sampling frequency. The sensors were tested under three temperatures of the printer bed: at 25 °C (ambient), at 65 °C (operating temperature), and, finally, after the temperature of the table was naturally stabilized from 65 °C to 25 °C. The signals were investigated in the time and frequency domain. The results showed that the housing impacts the microphone’s response positively when operating at 25 °C, where the signals presented higher amplitudes in both domains. However, the response obtained by the housed sensor was considerably attenuated at 65 °C. Furthermore, the signals collected at 25 °C after exposing the housed microphone to heat demonstrated a “greenhouse effect”, keeping the sensor at higher temperatures for an extended period. It can be concluded that the proposed housing failed in reducing the temperature effects in the sensor’s response. However, these effects were shown to be significant and the need for an alternative method to attenuate them was reinforced.
MARGIN-BASED GENERALIZATION FOR CLASSIFICATIONS WITH INPUT NOISE

Although machine learning shows state-of-the-art performance in a variety of ﬁelds, it is short a theoretical understanding of how machine learning works. Recently, theoretical approaches are actively being studied, and there are results for one of them, margin and its distribution. In this paper, especially we focused on the role of margin in the perturbations of inputs and parameters. We show a generalization bound for two cases, a linear model for binary classiﬁcation and neural networks for multi-classiﬁcation, when the inputs have normal distributed random noises. The additional generalization term caused by random noises is related to margin and exponentially inversely proportional to the noise level for binary classiﬁcation. And in neural networks, the additional generalization term depends on (input dimension) × (norms of input and weights). For these results, we used the PAC-Bayesian framework. This paper is considering random noises and margin together, and it will be helpful to a better understanding of model sensitivity and the construction of robust generalization.
SENSOR BASED ACCIDENT DETECTION AND PREVENTION TECHNOLOGY

The sensor based accident detection and prevention technique is one of the contributions to the life saving measures. In this paper we propose an efficient technique to overcome the drawbacks of the existing system. Most of the accident occurring today are because of drunk and drive and inadequate speed control measures. So in order to overcome that we propose a new system of sensor based accident prevention system. Various sensors are used to monitor the speed and provide efficient safety measures in avoiding accident. Along with prevention technique we propose a new system of accident detection technique to overcome the problem of rescuing people from accident. The existing system uses a vibration sensor to detect the accident occurrence and a GSM to intimate the accident occurrence to the nearby rescue team. The efficiency of this system is greatly affected in case of failure of the vibration sensor . So in order to overcome this drawback we go for a new system of accident detection technologywith efficient utilization of sensors.
Simultaneous Multi-type Feature Separation for Complex Structured Surface Analysis

Manufactured parts with complex structured surfaces have been widely used in automobile, bio-engineering, medical and consumer electronics etc. The content of a complex structured surface is often complex. The organization of surface features, the feature types and sizes all have fundamental effects on the resulting function of the surface. There is not a single transform which is optimal to represent all the contained features. In this research, a novel method called Morphological Component Analysis (MCA) is investigated to characterise different types of features on complex structured surfaces. Due to the fact that different types of features on the structured surface present different morphological aspects, the MCA method employs a set of dictionaries/basis functions with various morphological characteristics to represent various types of features, such as random noise, directional texture, steps, edges and others. By using MCA one can separate different types of features simultaneously. It is recommended that the wavelet type functions, especially DT-CWT, can be selected for modelling the geometrical features (such as peaks, valley, holes, steps and edges); the Fourier type basis functions such as basis function of DCT can be used for mapping of the surface texture. Other advantages of the MCA include: it can separate multiple types of features simultaneously and have better feature preservation properties compared with the convolution based filters.
Development of Automatic Fish Feeder

An automatic fish feeder is a device that automatically feed the fish at a predetermined time. In a way, it is to control the fish feeding activity by using a fish feeder that combined the mechanical system and electrical system to form a device instead of manually feeding the fish by hand. Fish owners whom are away for a long time will have trouble knowing the situation of the pond or aquarium. Thus such device is very convenient. At the same time, the environment needs to be monitored. For this paper, I will monitor the environment in term of water temperature. First of all, the device will consist of a motor, stand, fish storage, PLC (Programmable Logic Circuit) and a GSM (Global System for Mobile). The device will feed the fish by dropping the feed from the storage through a hole. The size of the hole is controlled by a piece of block connected to a motor. A timer is used to control the number of feeding time at an interval of time. Plus, there is a feedback system that sense the level of feed left in storage. It will give warning to the user through SMS (Short Messaging Service) so the user will put new feed into the storage. With this, the user or the owner can be away from home with the device monitoring the aquarium condition.
A Photoelectric Position Detector for Satellite Tracking

Abstract : The purpose of this thesis is to describe the design of a photoelectric position detector and its experimental evaluation as a sensor for satellite tracking. The position detector is a device which can sense the location of an optical image within its entrance aperture. It was made to fill the need for an angular position sensor for the satellite tracker telescope maintained by the Aerospace Research Laboratories, WPAFB, Ohio. The telescope is used for photoelectric photometry of artificial earth satellites.
A hierarchical N-mixture model to estimate behavioral variation and a case study of Neotropical birds.

Understanding how and why animals use the environments where they occur is both foundational to behavioral ecology and essential to identify critical habitats for species conservation. However, some behaviors are more difficult to observe than others, which can bias analyses of raw observational data. To our knowledge, no method currently exists to model how animals use different environments while accounting for imperfect behavior-specific detection probability. We developed an extension of a binomial N-mixture model (hereafter the behavior N-mixture model) to estimate the probability of a given behavior occurring in a particular environment while accounting for imperfect detection. We then conducted a simulation to validate the model's ability to estimate the effects of environmental covariates on the probabilities of individuals performing different behaviors. We compared our model to a naïve model that does not account for imperfect detection, as well as a traditional N-mixture model. Finally, we applied the model to a bird observation dataset in Northwest Costa Rica to quantify how three species behave in forests and farms. Simulations and sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the behavior N-mixture model produced unbiased estimates of behaviors and their relationships with predictor variables (e.g., forest cover, habitat type). Importantly, the behavior N-mixture model accurately characterized uncertainty, unlike the naïve model which often suggested erroneous effects of covariates on behaviors. When applied to field data, the behavior N-mixture model suggested that Hoffmann's woodpecker (Melanerpes hoffmanii) and Inca dove (Columbina inca) behaved differently in forested versus agricultural habitats, while turquoise-browed motmot (Eumomota superciliosa) did not. Thus, the behavior N-mixture model can help identify habitats that are essential to a species' life cycle (e.g., where individuals nest, forage) that non-behavioral models would miss. Our model can greatly improve the appropriate use of behavioral survey data and conclusions drawn from them. In doing so, it provides a valuable path forward for assessing the conservation value of alternative habitat types.
Culture on Selective Media and Amplicon-Based Sequencing of 16S rRNA from Spontaneous Brain Abscess—the View from the Diagnostic Laboratory

Polymicrobial brain abscess is a challenge to the clinical microbiology laboratory due to the aggregative nature of the dental and oral microbiota. Because polymicrobial infections may escape detection by conventional culture methods, directed therapy toward a single detected bacterium is problematic. ABSTRACT Forty-one stored samples from cases of spontaneous brain abscess were investigated to gain insight into the natural history, causative agents, and relevant laboratory diagnostics of a rare infection. Samples from a larger collection were selected based on retrospective analysis of patient records. All samples were subjected to amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments. Supplementary culture on selected media was performed as suggested by bioinformatics analysis. For three cases, no microorganism was disclosed, while Toxoplasma gondii, Aspergillus fumigatus, and various bacteria were the cause of 1, 2, and 35 cases, respectively. Bacterial infections were monomicrobial in 20 cases and polymicrobial in 15; the microorganisms of the latter cases were restricted to residents of cavum oris. Amplicon sequencing did not further enhance the importance of the Streptococcus anginosus group, which was involved in 17 cases, and the single primer set used may be suboptimal for amplification of Actinomyces and Nocardia. But, amplicon-based sequencing unquestionably expanded the number of polybacterial infections, with focus on the Fusobacterium nucleatum group, Parvimonas, and Porphyromonas. Culture on selective media confirmed the presence of F. nucleatum group bacteria, which attained a prominence in spontaneous brain abscess similar to the S. anginosus group. Metagenomics is a powerful tool to disclose the spectrum of agents in polymicrobial infections, but a reliable cutoff value for substantial detection is complex. Commercial media for isolation of F. nucleatum group bacteria from mixed infections are available, and these pathogens should be carefully characterized. Isolation of Parvimonas and Porphyromonas in polymicrobial infections has not been resolved. IMPORTANCE Polymicrobial brain abscess is a challenge to the clinical microbiology laboratory due to the aggregative nature of the dental and oral microbiota. Because polymicrobial infections may escape detection by conventional culture methods, directed therapy toward a single detected bacterium is problematic. Amplicon-based sequencing provides important clues to these infections, but only cultured microorganisms can be fully characterized, subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and formally named. By use of specific selective culture plates, we successfully isolated bacteria of the Fusobacterium nucleatum group, and these bacteria rose to the same prominence as the widely recognized pathogen, the Streptococcus anginosus group. Named and unnamed members of the Fusobacterium nucleatum group must be further investigated to gain insight into a rare but grave disease.
SlMIR164A regulates fruit ripening and quality by controlling SlNAM2 and SlNAM3 in tomato

Summary MiRNAs are important posttranscriptional regulators of plant development. Many miRNAs, such as the conserved miR164 species, are encoded by families of MIRNA genes, but the specific roles of individual MIRNA genes are largely undefined. Here, we characterize the functions and regulatory mechanisms of SlMIR164A, one of the primary genes of Sly‐miR164, in tomato. We show that SlMIR164A is preferentially expressed at late stages of fruit development and plays a vital role in controlling fruit ripening and quality. Loss of function of SlMIR164A by CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated mutagenesis results in accelerated fruit ripening and enhanced chloroplast development, which leads to altered sugar and organic acid contents and affects the nutritional quality of fruits. We also show that SlMIR164A modulates fruit ripening and quality through specific target genes, SlNAM2 and SlNAM3, which control key regulators of chloroplast function and fruit ripening processes. MIR164 genes have been shown to play conserved roles in regulating organ ageing, such as leaf senescence and fruit ripening, in a variety of plants, but whether and how their family members in tomato exert the same function remain to be elucidated. Our results reveal a previously undiscovered role of SlMIR164A in ripening control, which will further our understanding of the actions of MIR164 family, as well as the mechanisms of fruit ripening and quality control in tomato. Moreover, as loss of SlMIR164A exhibits minor impacts on organ morphology, our results can be leveraged in tomato breeding for specific manipulation of fruit ripening and quality to facilitate tomato improvement in agriculture.
Exploring individuals' experiences of hope in mental health recovery: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.

INTRODUCTION Mental health services have embraced the philosophy and practice of recovery. Research has confirmed hope as a micro-process of recovery. The lived experience of hope has received scant attention. This is required to improve understanding and optimise its therapeutic potential. AIM To explore how individuals describe and make sense of their experience of hope in mental health recovery. METHOD A qualitative Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach was used. The sample was accessed via email networks. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews and analysed using an IPA framework. RESULTS Three superordinate themes emerged: "Without it we would wither up and die" - Hope as intrinsic to life; "I will be ok" - Having a sense of possibility and "Making it happen" - Moving forward. Individuals referenced hope by its absence when attempts were made to end life, and as present but hidden in tortuous circumstances. DISCUSSION individuals were more familiar with the concept of hopelessness, had a ready-to-hand vocabulary of "having no hope" and used this by default to inform what hope meant. Implications for Practice It is important that all stakeholders appreciate the context specific interpretation of hope and cultivate dialogue and understanding to harness its therapeutic potential.
Algorithms of Position and Velocity Estimation in GPS Receivers

Abstract Processing of signals in Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers includes numerous signal and data operations leading to calculation of coordinates and velocities of satellites in global Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed (ECEF) frame of reference as well as pseudoranges and delta-ranges between the user and all the tracked GPS satellites. Further processing of these data consists in estimation of the user’s position, velocity and time (PVT) and nowadays it is usually realized by means of an Extended Kalman Filters (EKF). The choice of measuring data processed by the Kalman filter significantly influences the accuracy of navigation solution. In simpler GPS receivers, the estimation of user’s position and velocity is based on pseudoranges only, whereas in more advanced ones delta-ranges are also applied. The paper describes both possible solutions and compares the accuracy of estimation of the user’s position and velocity in both cases. The comparison is based on simulation results, which are included in the paper.
Genome-wide association studies and haplotype sharing analysis targeting the growth traits in Yandang partridge chickens

Abstract The body size of a chicken is an economically important trait as it directly influences the benefits of the poultry industry, but the relevant genetic mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we measured eight growth traits for 94 Yandang partridge chickens, then undertook genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for those traits in using a linear mixed model based on 10× whole genomic sequencing data to better understand the knowledge of the genetic architecture of growth traits. Ninety-four individuals and 7647883 SNPs remained after quality control and removal of the sex chromosomes, and these data were used to carry out a GWAS analysis. The result showed that only one significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) locates at 14852873 bp on SSC13 surpassed the genome-wide significance level for Keel length (KL). Through linkage disequilibrium analysis and haplotype sharing analysis, we identified one haplotype underlying the SSC13 significantly associated with KL, which could be selected as a potential candidate haplotype that is used in molecular breeding of Yandang partridge chicken. On the other hand, we have learned from a method called bootstrap testing to verify the reliability of GWAS with small experimental samples, which users can access at https://github.com/xuwenwu24/Bootstrap-test.
Intraoperative vasopressor use and early postoperative acute kidney injury in elderly patients undergoing elective noncardiac surgery

Abstract Background Intraoperative hypotension is a risk factor for postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). Elderly patients are susceptible due to reduced responses to acute hemodynamic changes. Aims Determine the association between hypotension identified from anesthetic charts and postoperative AKI in elderly patients. Methods Retrospective cohort study of elective noncardiac surgery patients ≥65 years, at an Australian tertiary hospital (December 2019–March 2021), with the primary outcome of AKI ≤48 h of surgery. Factors of interest were intraoperative hypotension determined from anesthetic charts (mean arterial pressure <60 mmHg, systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg, recorded 5-min) and intraoperative vasopressor use. Results In 830 patients (mean age 75 years), systolic hypotension was more frequent than mean arterial hypotension (25.7% vs. 11.9%). Most hypotensive episodes were brief (7.2% of systolic and 4.2% of mean arterial hypotension lasted >10 min) but vasopressors were used in 84.7% of cases. The incidence of postoperative AKI was 13.9%. Systolic hypotension >20 min was associated with AKI (OR, 3.88; 95% CI: 1.38–10.9), which was not significant after adjusting for vasopressors, creatinine, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, and hemoglobin drop. The cumulative dose of any specific vasopressor >20 mg (or >10 mg epinephrine) was independently associated with AKI (adjusted OR, 2.47; 95% CI: 1.34–4.58). Every 5 mg increase in the total dose of all intraoperative vasopressors used during surgery was associated with 11% increased odds of AKI (95% CI: 3–19%). Conclusions High vasopressor use was associated with postoperative AKI in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, independent of hypotension identified from anesthetic charts.
FITRI’s four steps in developing primary health cares’ interprofessional collaborative: an intervention for fostering IPCP competencies

ABSTRACT It is important to fill the gaps in collaborative practice due to the lack of the healthcare professionals’ ability to work in collaboration with other disciplines. However, the current team training does not routinely address this important issue. This study aimed to identify how interactive interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) learning materials in a virtual course and community implementation called FITRI’s four steps in developing primary health cares’ interprofessional collaborative practice can be used in primary healthcare settings to address IPCP competencies of healthcare providers. This research was a quasi-experimental study with an untreated control group design using a dependent pretest and posttest sample. A purposive sample of 50 primary healthcare providers consisting of general physicians, dentists, nurses, dietitians, and pharmacists were nonrandomly divided into the control and intervention groups. This study showed that IPCP competencies measured by the Interprofessional Collaborator Assessment Rubric (ICAR) in the intervention group were significantly higher after the training and implementation than before. The Mann–Whitney tests indicated that IPCP competencies were better in the intervention group than the control group. Based on effect size analysis, the intervention had a very strong impact and could significantly improve the participants’ competencies, especially in the collaborative patient/client-family centered approach domain. The FITRI’s four steps in developing primary health cares’ interprofessional collaborative practice can be implemented and provide positive impacts in primary healthcare settings to improve and foster competencies of IPCP in primary healthcare.