Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solving Inverse Spanning Tree Problems Through Network Flow Techniques

Given a solution x* and an a priori estimated cost vector c, the inverse optimization problem is to identify another cost vector d so that x* is optimal with respect to the cost vector d and its deviation from c is minimum. In this paper, we consider the inverse spanning tree problem on an undirected graph G = (N, A) with n nodes and m arcs, and where the deviation between c and d is defined by the rectilinear distance between the two vectors, that is, L1 norm. We show that the inverse spanning tree problem can be formulated as the dual of an assignment problem on a bipartite network G0 = (N0, A0) with [math not displayed] and [math not displayed]. The bipartite ne twork satisfies the property that |N1| = (n - 1), |N2| = (m - n + 1), and |A0| = O(nm). In general, |N1| << |N2|. Using this special structure of the assignment problem, we develop a specific implementation of the successive shortest path algorithm that runs in O(n3) time. We also consider the weighted version of the inverse spanning tree problem in which the objective function is to minimize the sum of the weighted deviations of arcs. The weighted inverse spanning tree can be formulated as the dual of the transportation problem. Using a cost scaling algorithm, this transportation problem can be solved in O(n2m log(nC)) time, where C denotes the largest arc cost in the data. Finally, we consider a minimax version of the inverse spanning tree problem and show that it can be solved in O(n2) time.
RadarCat: Radar Categorization for Input & Interaction

In RadarCat we present a small, versatile radar-based system for material and object classification which enables new forms of everyday proximate interaction with digital devices. We demonstrate that we can train and classify different types of materials and objects which we can then recognize in real time. Based on established research designs, we report on the results of three studies, first with 26 materials (including complex composite objects), next with 16 transparent materials (with different thickness and varying dyes) and finally 10 body parts from 6 participants. Both leave one-out and 10-fold cross-validation demonstrate that our approach of classification of radar signals using random forest classifier is robust and accurate. We further demonstrate four working examples including a physical object dictionary, painting and photo editing application, body shortcuts and automatic refill based on RadarCat. We conclude with a discussion of our results, limitations and outline future directions.
REANALYSIS OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE'S ACRYLONITRILE COHORT STUDY BY IMPUTATION OF MISSING SMOKING INFORMATION

A cohort study of workers exposed to the chemical acrylonitrile (AN) was carried-out in the late 1980s by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to determine if there were any excess cancer risks associated with workplace exposures to AN. The results of the study did not show any overwhelming evidence that AN exposure was related to increased cancer risk, but did yield several results worth noting. Firstly, the authors reported an overall lung cancer risk of 3.6 for ever-smokers versus never-smokers, which appeared to be much too low. Secondly, there was a slight increase in the lung cancer relative risk due to exposure in the upper quintile of cumulative AN exposure. Lastly, there was a large proportion of missing smoking information for the employees selected in the sample.Because results of occupational cohort studies such as the NCI's are used as the basis for determining health risks associated with workplace exposures and because acrylonitrile is widely used in the manufacturing of plastics, it is very important from a public health perspective to eliminate any possible sources of confounding or bias. The goal of this reanalysis is to address the issues of missing smoking information and the low overall lung cancer relative risk in ever-smokers to determine if the slight excess in the highest AN exposure category appears to be valid. This was accomplished using imputation, a procedure that predicts a smoking status for the missings based on complete observations. The NCI analyses were then repeated with the imputed data to see if there were any differences in the overall smoking lung cancer RR or the lung cancer RR in the upper quintile of AN exposure.The overall lung cancer RR due smoking could not be increased dramatically using the weighting schemes in this paper. Also, the lung cancer RRs in the upper quintile of AN exposure were not much lower than those in the original NCI study, so their analysis with the missing smoking information does not appear to have been biased. However, the smoking adjusted lung cancer RRs for cumulative AN exposure using the imputed data have a much flatter exposure-response trend than the NCI analysis, which, when combined with the only slightly elevated RR in the upper exposure group, could be used as evidence against an increased lung cancer risk due to high AN exposure.
The outcomes and safety of single-agent sorafenib in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

BACKGROUND With the aging population, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the elderly represents a significant health burden. We aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy and tolerability of single-agent sorafenib in treating elderly patients with advanced HCC versus the younger population. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed a consecutive cohort of advanced HCC patients with Child-Pugh A or B liver function and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score of 0-2 treated with sorafenib. The patients were categorized into older (age ≥70 years) and younger (age <70 years) groups. Treatment outcomes and related adverse events (AEs) were compared. RESULTS In total, 172 patients, 35 in the older (median age, 73 years) and 137 in the younger (median age, 55 years) group, were analyzed. The median progression-free survival time was similar in the older and younger groups (2.99 months versus 3.09 months; p = .275), as was the overall survival time (5.32 months versus 5.16 months; p = .310). Grade 3 or 4 AEs were observed in 68.6% of older and 62.7% of younger patients (p = .560), with neutropenia (11.4% versus 0.7%; p = .007), malaise (11.4% versus 2.2%; p = .033), and mucositis (5.7% versus 0.0%; p = .041) being more frequently reported in the elderly cohort. CONCLUSIONS The survival benefits and overall treatment-related AEs of sorafenib are comparable in elderly and younger advanced HCC patients. Nevertheless, more vigilant monitoring in the elderly is warranted because they are more susceptible to develop neutropenia, malaise, and mucositis.
Immunogenicity of an inactivated monovalent 2009 influenza A (H1N1) vaccine in patients who have cancer.

BACKGROUND The immune response of patients who have cancer, who may be receiving immunosuppressive therapy, is generally considered to be decreased. This study aimed to evaluate the immune response of cancer patients to the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) vaccine. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a prospective single site study comparing the immune response after H1N1 vaccination of healthy controls (group A), patients who had solid tumors and were taking myelosuppressive chemotherapy (group B), patients who had solid tumors and were taking nonmyelosuppressive or no treatment (group C), and patients who had hematologic malignancies (group D). RESULTS At 2-6 weeks after vaccination, seroconversion was observed in 80.0% of group A (95% confidence interval [CI], 65.0%-89.7%), 72.2% of group B (95% CI, 55.9%-84.3%), 87.0% of group C (95% CI, 72.2%-94.7%), and 75.0% of group D (95% CI, 52.8%-89.2%) (p = NS). The geometric mean titer ratio, that is, geometric mean factor increase in antibody titer after vaccination, was 12.6 (95% CI, 7.9-19.9), 12.7 (95% CI, 7.3-22.1), 23.0 (95% CI, 13.9-38.2), and 12.1 (95% CI, 5.3-27.9) (p = NS), and the seroprotection rates were 95.5% (95% CI, 84.0%-99.6%), 79.0% (95% CI, 63.4%-89.2%), 90.5% (95% CI, 77.4%-96.8%), and 90.0% (95% CI, 71%-98.7%) in the corresponding groups (p = NS). Immune responses were robust regardless of malignancy, or time intervals between the use of myelosuppressive or immunosuppressive medications and vaccination. No participants developed clinical H1N1 infection. CONCLUSION Cancer patients, whether taking myelosuppressive chemotherapy or not, are able to generate an immune response to the H1N1 vaccine similar to that of healthy controls.
Monitoring and interpreting compartment pressures in acute compartment syndrome

Continuous compartment pressure monitoring, for acute compartment syndrome, remains an infrequently performed procedure despite the potential benefits some patients may derive from it. This state of affairs may, in part, be attributed to a lack of clinician awareness of an easy and cheap system by which compartment pressures can be monitored. In this article, we describe a simple pressure monitoring set-up that we have successfully employed in a variety of trauma patients, and how we believe the measurements obtained from it can be best interpreted to assist in the diagnosis of compartment syndrome.
Special Issue: Frontiers of Organization Science, Part 2 of 2: Organizational Boundaries and Theories of Organization

Organizational boundaries are a central phenomenon, yet despite their significance, research is dominated by transaction cost economics and related exchange-efficiency perspectives. While useful, it is time to engage in a broader view. Our purpose is to provide a deeper understanding of organizational boundaries. First, we develop four boundary conceptions (efficiency, power, competence, and identity) and their distinctive features including organizational and environmental assumptions, unique conception of boundaries, theoretical arguments, empirical validity, contributions, and limitations. Efficiency takes a legal-ownership view of atomistic boundary decisions. In contrast, the power conception emphasizes the sphere of influence of the organization, while competence focuses on the resource portfolio and its related configuration, and identity centers on the often unconscious mind-set by which organizational members understand "who we are. " We also indicate relationships, both coevolutionary and synergistic, among the conceptions. Second, we juxtapose these conceptions with the current literature to create a springboard for a renewed research agenda. This agenda includes greater focus on nonefficiency perspectives, relationships (not competition) among boundary conceptions, studies that take the normative implication of theories more seriously, and problem-driven research on contemporary boundary issues such as contract employment and business ecosystems.
Automatic emotion recognition in the wild using an ensemble of static and dynamic representations

Automatic emotion recognition in the wild video datasets is a very challenging problem because of the inter-class similarities among different facial expressions and large intra-class variabilities due to the significant changes in illumination, pose, scene, and expression. In this paper, we present our proposed method for video-based emotion recognition in the EmotiW 2016 challenge. The task considers the unconstrained emotion recognition problem by training from short video clips extracted from movies and testing on short movie clips and spontaneous video clips of the reality TV data. Four different methods are employed to extract both static and dynamic emotion representations from the videos. First, local binary patterns of three orthogonal planes are used to describe spatiotemporal features of the video frames. Second, principal component analysis is applied to the image patches in a two-stage convolutional network to learn weights and extract facial features from the aligned faces. Third, the deep convolutional neural network model of VGG-Face is deployed to extract deep facial representations from aligned faces. Fourth, a bag of visual words is computed based on dense scale-invariant feature transform descriptors from aligned face images to form hand-crafted representations. Support vector machines are then utilized to train and classify the obtained spatiotemporal representations and facial features. Finally, score-level fusion is applied to combine the classification results and predict the emotion labels of the video clips. The results show that the proposed combined method has outperformed all the utilized techniques with the overall validations and test accuracies of 43.13% and 40.13%, respectively. This system, is relatively a good classifier in Happy and Angry emotion categories and is unsuccessful in detecting Surprise, Disgust, and Fear.
Bone Marrow Research in India: A Scientometric Study, 2003-12

Objectives: Analyses the Indian publications output in bone marrow research during 2003-12 on several parameters including contribution and citation impact of most productive countries, India’s overall contribution, its growth pattern, citation impact, the share of international collaboration, identification of significant participating countries in India’s international collaboration, contribution and impact of different types of bone marrow diseases, analyses of bone marrow research by sub-fields and by different population age groups, productivity and impact of leading Indian institutions and authors. Methods: The Scopus Citation Database has been used to retrieve the data for 10 years (2003-12) by searching the keywords “bone marrow” in combined Title, Abstract and Keywords field. Results: The Indian publications output in bone marrow research consisted of 2613 papers during 2003-12, which increased from 174 papers in 2003 to 397 papers in 2012, witnessing an annual average growth rate of 10.04%. The average citation impact per paper registered by Indian publications in bone marrow research was 2.84 during 2003-12, which decreased from 3.53 during 2003-07 to 2.47 during 2008-12. The international collaborative share of India in overall bone marrow research was 11.56% during 2003-12, which increased from 10.43% during 2003-07 to 12.18% during 2008-12. Conclusions: Keeping in view the severity of bone marrow diseases, there is need to increase efforts in the R and D and improvement of supportive care and also need for establishing national data management infr
Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: IV. How to Use an Article About Harm

CLINICAL SCENARIO You are having lunch in the hospital cafeteria when one of your colleagues raises the issue of the safety of β-adrenergic agonists in the treatment of asthma. Your colleague feels uncertain about how to respond to patients asking him about media reports of an increased risk of death associated with these medications. Another colleague mentions a key article on this topic that generated much of the publicity, but she cannot recall the details. You all agree that this is an issue that arises frequently enough in your practices that you should become familiar with the evidence contained in the article that your patients have heard about. You volunteer to search the literature for the key article and report back to your colleagues in the next few days. THE SEARCH The next day you do a MEDLINE search using the following terms: asthma (MH) (MH stands for MeSH heading,
Perspective - The Interdependence of Private and Public Interests

The predominant focus in research on organizations is on private or public institutions without consistent consideration of their interdependencies. The emphasis in scholarship on private or public interests has strengthened as disciplinary and professional knowledge has deepened: Management scholars, for example, tend to consider the corporation as the unit of analysis, whereas scholars of public policy often analyze governmental, multilateral, community, and nonprofit organizations. This article advocates a partial merging of these research agendas on the grounds that private and public interests cannot be fully understood if they are conceived independently. We review three major areas of activity today in which public and private interests interact in complex ways and maintain that current theories of organization science can be deployed to understand these interactions better. We also suggest that theories of public-private interaction require development and describe a concept called global sustainable value creation, which may be used to identify organizational and institutional configurations and strategies conducive to worldwide, intertemporal efficiency and value creation. We conclude that scholarship on organizations would advance if private-public interactions were evaluated by the criterion of global sustainable value creation, and we identify organizational research opportunities that jointly consider public and private interests.
Linking Customer Interaction and Innovation: The Mediating Role of New Organizational Practices

The notion that firms can improve their innovativeness by tapping users and customers for knowledge has become prominent in innovation studies. Similar arguments have been made in the marketing literature. We argue that neither literatures take sufficient account of firm organization. Specifically, firms that attempt to leverage user and customer knowledge in the context of innovation must design an internal organization appropriate to support it. This can be achieved in particular through the use of new organizational practices, notably, intensive vertical and lateral communication, rewarding employees for sharing and acquiring knowledge, and high levels of delegation of decision rights. In this paper, six hypotheses were developed and tested on a data set of 169 Danish firms drawn from a 2001 survey of the 1,000 largest firms in Denmark. A key result is that the link from customer knowledge to innovation is completely mediated by organizational practices.
The RIPPER Experience: A 3 Year Evaluation of an Australian Interprofessional Rural Health Education Pilot

Background: The Rural Interprofessional Program Educational Retreat (RIPPER) uses interprofessional learning and educational strategies to prepare final year Tasmanian nursing, medical, and pharmacy students for effective healthcare deliv ery. RIPPER provided students ( n=90) with the opportunity to learn about work ing in an interdisciplinary team using authentic and relevant situational learning. RIPPER allowed students to work and learn interprofessionally in small teams and to apply their different professional skills and knowledge to a variety of rural healthcare situations. Methods and Findings: This article reports on three years of results from the pro gram’s evaluation which used a pre-post test mixed method design. The findings show a significant and positive shift in students’ attitudes and understanding of interprofessional learning and practice following their participation in RIPPER. The evaluation findings suggest the need for sustainable interprofessional rural health education that is embedded in undergraduate curricula. Conclusion: The evaluation of RIPPER suggests that exposure of healthcare students to interprofessional education can positively affect their perceptions of collabora tion, patient care, and teamwork. The evaluation also points to the rural context as an ideal place to showcase elements of effective interprofessional practice.
Top Management’s Attention to Discontinuous Technological Change: Corporate Venture Capital as an Alert Mechanism

Technological discontinuities pose serious challenges to top managers’ attention. These discontinuities, which often occur at the fringes of an industry, are usually driven by innovative and often venture capital-backed start-ups creating new products and transforming existing industries in ways that are difficult for incumbent managers to understand against the backdrop of their existing cognitive schemata. However, failing to appreciate and embrace successful technological discontinuities might endanger incumbents’ very existence. Extending the attention-based view, we explore whether and how interorganizational relationships guide top managers’ attention either to or away from technological discontinuities. We propose that homophilous relationships e.g., alliances with industry peers should exhibit a negative relationship with incumbents’ timely attention to technological discontinuities, whereas heterophilous relationships e.g., with venture capitalists as a result of coinvestments should exhibit a positive relationship. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the status of the partners strengthens the effect of homophilous and heterophilous relationships with the timely attention of top managers to technological discontinuities. Based on a longitudinal study of the incumbents in four information and communications technology industry sectors, we find that heterophilous ties through corporate venture capital CVC, coinvesting with high-status venture capital firms, exhibit a strong positive relationship with timely attention. CVC, when it connects senior management to high-status venture capitalists through coinvestments, has a special role in directing top managers’ attention to technological discontinuities and ensuing business opportunities. Implications for the understanding of the role of interorganizational ties as structural determinants of top managers’ attention are discussed.
Phase I study of nintedanib incorporating dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in patients with advanced solid tumors.

BACKGROUND This open-label phase I dose-escalation study investigated the safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics (PK), and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) effects of the oral angiokinase inhibitor nintedanib in patients with advanced solid tumors. METHODS Nintedanib was administered once daily continuously, starting at 100 mg and later amended to allow evaluation of 250 mg b.i. d. The primary endpoint was maximum tolerated dose (MTD). DCE-MRI studies were performed at baseline and on days 2 and 28. RESULTS Fifty-one patients received nintedanib 100-450 mg once daily (n = 40) or 250 mg b.i. d. (n = 11). Asymptomatic reversible liver enzyme elevations (grade 3) were dose limiting in 2 of 5 patients at 450 mg once daily. At 250 mg b.i. d. , 2 of 11 patients experienced dose-limiting toxicity (grade 3 liver enzyme elevation and gastrointestinal symptoms). Common toxicities included fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain (mainly grade ≤2). Among 45 patients, 22 (49%) achieved stable disease; 7 remained on treatment for >6 months. DCE-MRI of target lesions revealed effects in some patients at 200 and ≥400 mg once daily. CONCLUSION Nintedanib is well tolerated by patients with advanced solid malignancies, with MTD defined as 250 mg b.i. d. , and can induce changes in DCE-MRI. Disease stabilization >6 months was observed in 7 of 51 patients.