Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insights into the Seasonal Olfactory Mechanism of Geosmin in Raw Water of Huangpu River

Since the 1990s, the raw water of Huangpu River in Shanghai, China, has intermittently encountered off-flavor contamination. In this work, the concentrations of typical odor, geosmin, in raw water of Huangpu River are found to shift along with the seasons. However, microbes recognized as the producer of geosmin such as Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteria are not consistent with the shift of geosmin. Cyanobacteria blooms in summer rather than winter, whereas Actinobacteria thrives in winter. Representational difference analysis (RDA) reveals that microbes associated with blooming algae have positive co-occurrence correlations with the concentrations of geosmin and nutrients in winter, whereas those within Cyanobacteria and Planctomycete are in a positive correlation with temperature and thrive in summer. This causes the concentration of geosmin in raw water to appear to depend on the abundance of Actinobacteria rather than that of Cyanobacteria. However, combining with the synthesis and storage properties of geosmin in algae, as well as the decomposition properties of algae with Actinobacteria, geosmin might be synthesized by Cyanobacteria in summer, which is stored in cells of Cyanobacteria and released only via the decomposition of Actinobacteria in winter. This potential olfactory mechanism of geosmin is quite different from that derived from pure culture of odor producers or correlation analysis of bacteria and odors; thus, providing insights into the mechanism of practical off-flavor events.
Energy dissipation and switching delay in spin-transfer torque switching of nanomagnets with low-saturation magnetization in the presence of thermal fluctuations

A common ploy to reduce the switching current and energy dissipation in spin-transfer-torque driven magnetization switching of shape-anisotropic single-domain nanomagnets is to employ magnets with low saturation magnetization $M_s$ and high shape-anisotropy. The high shape-anisotropy compensates for low $M_s$ to keep the static switching error rate constant. However, this ploy increases the switching delay, its variance in the presence of thermal noise, and the dynamic switching error rate. Using the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation with a random torque emulating thermal noise, we show that pumping some excess spin-polarized current into the nanomagnet during switching will keep the mean switching delay and its variance constant as we reduce $M_s$, while still reducing the energy dissipation significantly.
A Feasible Multimodal Photoacoustic Imaging Approach for Evaluating the Clinical Symptoms of Inflammatory Arthritis

Numerous traditional medical imaging methods, including computed tomography with X-rays, positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are utilized frequently in medical settings to screen for illnesses, diagnose patients, and track the effectiveness of treatments. When examining bone protrusions, CT is preferred over MRI for scanning connective tissue. Although the picture quality of PET is inferior to that of CT and MR, it is outstanding for detecting the molecular markers and metabolic functions of illnesses. To give high-resolution structural pictures and improved ailment sensitivity and specificity within another image, multimodal data and substantial therapeutic influence on advanced diagnostics and therapeutics have been used. The goal was to evaluate the clinical significance of multimodal photoacoustic/ultrasound (PA/US) articular imaging scoring, a cutting-edge image technique that may show the microvessels and oxygen levels of rheumatoid arthritis-related inflamed joints (RA). The PA/US imaging technology analyzed seven tiny joints. The PA and power Doppler (PD) impulses were semiquantified using a 0–3 grading scale, and the averages of the PA and PD scores for the seven joints are computed. Three PA+SO2 types were found determined by the relative oxygen levels (SO2) measurements of the affected joints. Researchers evaluated the relationships between the disease activity ratings and the PA/US imaging ratings. The PA scores and medical ratings that reflect the extent of the pain have strong relationships with each other, as do the PA+SO2 combinations. PA may be clinically useful in assessing RA. Thus, the research evaluated the clinical symptoms of inflammatory arthritis using a multimodal photoacoustic image process.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Precocene II, estimation of enzymatic, nonenzymatic antioxidant, and cytotoxic potentials of methyl jasmonate-elicited shoot culture of Ageratum conyzoides Linn.

Ageratum conyzoides Linn. is well known for its insecticidal properties due to the rich content of chromenes. The work mainly concentrated on the increased production of Precocene II from methyl jasmonate (MeJa)-elicited shoot culture. The mass spectroscopy (MS) medium supplemented with 4.6 µM kinetin-induced multiple shoots was subjected to MeJa (100 µM) treatment for 10 days. Gas chromatography-MS report showed almost twofold increased production of Precocene II (6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-chromene) (29.92%) in elicited culture over control (13.44%). Likewise, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the elicited shoot culture also reported to have a high amount of Precocene II (13.5 ± 0.007 µg/mg) when compared with the control (4 ± 0.002 µg/mg). The increased level of antioxidant enzymes was observed in the elicited shoot culture. Followed by pure compound, Precocene II and methanol extract of elicited shoot culture exhibited better in vitro antioxidant activity and considerable cytotoxic activity on HeLa (cervical cancer) cells when compared with control. Overall, MeJa-elicited shoot culture had more of Precocene II and better biological activity.
Psychological Changes of Social Media on Charitable Cultural Behavior Based on Big Data Technology

With the advent of the era of big data, the world is facing the challenge of unprecedented information blowout growth, and Internet information processing technology has also ushered in rapid development. At the same time, charity culture has always been a part that the state and society attach great importance to. It is a form of social wealth redistribution and a supplement to the social security system. Based on this social background and reality, this paper analyzes and explores the psychological changes of charitable cultural behavior by social media based on big data technology. This paper introduces latent semantic analysis and constructs the theoretical framework of social media. This paper introduces the related concepts of heart rate variability and mental state, collects the factor factors and constructs the model, and studies the PLS load and cross load. This paper makes a statistical analysis of the data of charitable donations in China from 2017 to 2021 and tests the validity of the questionnaire from the psychological level. The experimental results show that the correlation between the subscales of the questionnaire and the total scale is between 0.470 and 0.820, and the correlation between the dimensions is between 0.183 and 0.590. The correlation between the dimensions and the total score of the scale is higher than that between the dimensions, which shows that there are both connections and differences between the dimensions of the two scales, which are relatively independent, and the scale has a certain structural validity.
The Mutual Relationship among Cardiovascular Diseases and COVID-19: Focus on Micronutrients Imbalance

Micronutrients are ions and vitamins humbly required by the human body. They play a main role in several physiological mechanisms and their imbalance is strongly associated with potentially-fatal complications. Micronutrient imbalance is associated with many cardiovascular diseases, such as arrythmias, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease. It has been also observed in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly in most severe patients. The relationship between cardiovascular diseases and COVID-19 is mutual: the latter triggers cardiovascular disease onset and worsening while patients with previous cardiovascular disease may develop a more severe form of COVID-19. In addition to the well-known pathophysiological mechanisms binding COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases together, increasing importance is being given to the impact of micronutrient alterations, often present during COVID-19 and able to affect the balance responsible for a good functioning of the cardiovascular system. In particular, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, and hypocalcemia are strongly associated with worse outcome, while vitamin A and D deficiency are associated with thromboembolic events in COVID-19. Thus, considering how frequent the cardiovascular involvement is in patients with COVID-19, and how it majorly affects their prognosis, this manuscript provides a comprehensive review on the role of micronutrient imbalance in the interconnection between COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases.
A Real-time Tunnel Surface Inspection System using Edge-AI on Drone

Inspection of tunnel lining surface is an essential yet challenging task in tunnel construction. Timely identification of tunnel lining defects (e.g. water leakage, cracks and spalling, etc.) is critical for the quality control in the construction stage. Conventional methods rely on visual inspection and manual recording of the inspection results inside the congested tunnel environment, which is time-consuming and inefficient. In recent years, the advancements in AI and drone technologies show promising prospects in tunnel inspection. In this study, an AI-powered inspection system using edge-computing device on a specially configured drone is developed for efficient and accurate inspection of the completed tunnel lining surface. The proposed sensor-fusion method for defect detection and SAHI-based method to detect small cracks, spalling, and water leakages on the tunnel lining surface demonstrated satisfactory results in the pilot application in the construction of Trunk Road T2 and Cha Kwo Ling Tunnel in Hong Kong. This is the first reported onboard AI tunnel surface inspection system in the world that can be applied in other tunneling and infrastructure projects in the foreseeable future.
The Relationship between Sleeping Position and Sleep Quality: A Flexible Sensor-Based Study

The use of flexible wearable sensors to monitor the impact of sleeping position and turning frequency on sleep and to study sleep patterns can help bedridden patients heal and recover. The flexible wearable sleeping-position monitoring device was designed and developed using a flexible angle sensor and a six-axis motion sensor to measure the dynamic changes in body posture during sleep. Based on the changes in the output parameters of the flexible angle sensor and the six-axis motion sensor, we determined the change in the subject’s lying position, verifying and analyzing the relationship between lying position preference, turning frequency, and sleep quality in healthy subjects. The sleeping-position monitoring device was worn by 13 subjects (7 males and 6 females) without sleep disorders before the sleep experiment. They performed more than 50 sleeping-position changes to ensure the accuracy of the monitoring device. Subjects slept in their beds for 8 h per night for 15 nights. During that time, they wore the sleeping-position monitoring device and a wristband sleep-monitoring bracelet on their left hand, and gathered the subjective sleep data using questionnaires. The results show that the most critical influencing factors are sleeping-position preference and frequency of turning. Data analysis reveals that subjects with a preference for right-sided lying and a lower frequency of turning had better sleep quality.
Understanding How Student Support Practitioners Navigated Ideal Worker Norms During COVID-19: The Role of Job-Crafting

Student support practitioners (SSPs) play a key role in supporting at-promise (low-income, first-generation college, and/or racially minoritized) students in higher education. However, delivering such support can lead to stress and burnout when practitioners do not receive commensurate support and flexibility to do their jobs. In this study, we examined how SSPs supported students while fulfilling their needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data collected during 2020 to 2021 as part of a longitudinal study of a comprehensive college transition program at three midwestern universities, we examine how SSPs engaged in job crafting during the pandemic. Our findings reveal that job crafting largely perpetuated and expanded ideal worker norms during the pandemic. Implications from this research suggest the need to consider how to institutionally support job crafting in ways that center the needs of SSPs.
Population genomic monitoring provides insight into conservation status but no correlation with demographic estimates of extinction risk in a threatened trout

The current extinction crisis requires effective assessment and monitoring tools. Genetic approaches are appealing given the relative ease of field sampling required to estimate genetic diversity characteristics assumed related to population size, evolutionary potential, and extinction risk, and to evaluate hybridization with non‐native species simultaneously. However, linkages between population genetic metrics of diversity from survey‐style field collections and demographic estimates of population size and extinction risk are still in need of empirical examples, especially for remotely distributed species of conservation concern where the approach might be most beneficial. We capitalized on an exceptional opportunity to evaluate congruence between genetic diversity metrics and demographic‐based estimates of abundance and extinction risk from a comprehensive Multiple Population Viability Analysis (MPVA) in a threatened fish, the Lahontan cutthroat trout (LCT). We sequenced non‐native trout reference samples and recently collected and archived tissue samples of most remaining populations of LCT (N = 60) and estimated common genetic assessment metrics, predicting minimal hybridization with non‐native trout, low diversity, and declining diversity over time. We further hypothesized genetic metrics would correlate positively with MPVA‐estimated abundance and negatively with extinction probability. We uncovered several instances of hybridization that pointed to immediate management needs. After removing hybridized individuals, cautious interpretation of low effective population sizes (2–63) suggested reduced evolutionary potential for many LCT populations. Other genetic metrics did not decline over time nor correlate with MPVA‐based estimates of harmonic mean abundance or 30‐year extinction probability. Our results demonstrate benefits of genetic monitoring for efficiently detecting hybridization and, though genetic results were disconnected from demographic assessment of conservation status, they suggest reduced evolutionary potential and likely a higher conservation risk than currently recognized for this threatened fish. We emphasize that genetic information provides essential complementary insight, in addition to demographic information, for evaluating species status.
Two-Dimensional Imaging of FMCW Ice Sounding Radar Data via the Modified Frequency Scaling Algorithm

In this article, we propose a novel processing algorithm for frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) ice sounding radar, which addresses the along-track focusing of internal reflecting horizons. It is a modified frequency scaling algorithm that can handle the two-layer medium imaging model as well as the Doppler impact of the motion within the sweep in a nadir-looking radar. The proposed algorithm’s comprehensive derivation and implementation processes are described. In the range-Doppler domain, a really effective formulation for radar signals is also presented, which considers refraction effects and electromagnetic wave propagation velocity changes at the interface of two different media. Point target simulations are carried out to demonstrate the algorithm’s performance. The proposed method is also tested on the real data acquired by the shallow-layer-detection ice sounding radar (SLDISR). The result shows the applicability of the proposed method for imaging the ice sheet.
Influence of Respiratory Exercises on the Functional State of the Cardiovascular System Under Different Physical Activities of Students

The article stresses that the state of the cardiovascular system determines the level of physical performance. Maintaining the required level of metabolic processes is necessary for efficient mechanisms of energy supply and dynamic work. The researcher proves that activation of respiratory function contributes to such support. Under the influence of systematic breathing exercises in the body develops a set of structural and functional changes aimed at optimizing the functioning of the whole organism and its individual systems. The study involved 35 lyceum students aged 14 years, who were engaged in the developed system for 1.5 years. Each lesson consisted of six parts. In the first, third and fifth parts, they performed exercises with dynamic, and in the second and fourth – with static load. In the first three parts they were combined with breathing exercises with increasing duration of individual phases of breathing, in 4-6 parts – only with deepening of exhalation. The sixth part (relaxation) was performed in a horizontal position. The purpose of the work is to determine the impact of breathing exercises during each part of the lesson on the activity of the cardiovascular system. It has been established that certain features of fatigue and recovery during different types of muscular work in a specific sequence are a reliable physiological basis for improving the health and training effect of physical training in combination with breathing exercises. The results of the experiment on the implementation of our system of health-improving training sessions of respiratory gymnastics prove that changes in work power, nature of muscle contractions and body position during training create conditions for improving adaptive compensatory reactions to different types of loads.
Epistemological aspect of topic modelling in the social sciences: Latent Dirichlet Allocation

Aware of the challenges faced by the social sciences in publishing a massive volume of research papers, it is worth looking at a novel but no longer so new ways of machine learning for the purposes of literature review. To this end, I explore a probabilistic topic model called Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) in the context of the epistemological challenge of analysing texts on social welfare. This paper aims to describe how the LDA algorithm works for large corpora of data, along with its advantages and disadvantages. This preliminary characterisation of an inductive method for automated text analysis is intended to give a brief overview of how LDA can be used in the social sciences.
Molecular Simulations of Thermomechanical Properties of Epoxy-Amine Resins

All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed with the CHARMM force field to characterize various epoxy resins, such as aliphatic and bisphenol-based resins. A multistep cross-linking algorithm was established, and key properties such as density, glass temperature, and elastic modulus were calculated. A quantitative comparison was made and was proven to be in good agreement with experimental data, with average absolute deviations between experiments and molecular simulation comprised between 2% and 12%. Additional findings on structure–property relationships were highlighted such as the effect of the cross-linking rate and oligomerization of the resin.
Finding Multidimensional Constraint Reachable Paths for Attributed Graphs

A graph acts as a powerful modelling tool to represent complex relationships between objects in the big data era. Given two vertices, vertex and edge constraints, the multidimensional constraint reachable ( MCR) paths problem finds the path between the given vertices that match the user-specified constraints. A significant challenge is to store the graph topology and attribute information while constructing a reachability index. We propose an optimized hashing-based heuristic search technique to address this challenge while solving the multidimensional constraint reachability queries. In the proposed technique, we optimize hashing and recommend an efficient clustering technique based on matrix factorization. We further extend the heuristic search technique to improve the accuracy. We experimentally prove that our proposed techniques are scalable and accurate on real and synthetic datasets. Our proposed extended heuristic search technique is able to achieve an average execution time of 0.17 seconds and 2.55 seconds on MCR true queries with vertex and edge constraints for Robots and Twitter datasets respectively.
Physicochemical properties, mineral and fatty acids composition of Jackfruit seeds flour of two varieties from Brazilian Midwest

Jackfruit seeds are usually discarded as waste. Therefore, this work aimed at obtaining the Jackfruit seeds flour of two varieties (soft and firm) from Brazilian Midwest and to evaluate its physicochemical characteristics, mineral and fatty acids composition (FA). Seeds were dried at 45°C for 72h and ground (40-mesh). Both flours revealed high protein content, varying from 13.43% to 16.28%. It also revealed excellent insoluble fibers (4.16% for soft Jackfruit seeds flour [SJF] and 4.68% for firm Jackfruit seeds flours [FJF]) content. Plus, it was good sources of minerals, especially magnesium (approximately 200 mg 100g-1). Oleic acid was predominant in FJF (47.03%) and linoleic acid (30.81%) in SJF. The flour from both seeds presented minor contents of acid α-linolenic acid (approximately 5%). Consequently, both seeds flours are strongly indicated for formulating new food products, improving its nutritional value and promoting beneficial effects on human health.
Indirect Estimation of Breathing Rate through Wearable Devices

Breathing rate (BR) represents one of the most important physiological parameters to be measured in clinical environment, being linked to multiple stressors and hence describing the global well-being state of a subject. During the last years, both contact and non-contact measurement methods for the assessment of BR have been proposed, particularly for ambulatory remote use. Given the wide spreading of wearable devices, several indirect estimation methods from heart rate (HR) data series have been proposed, avoiding standard procedures that can be often invasive or intrusive. This study aims at estimating the measurement accuracy and precision of BR when indirectly estimated from the HR series gathered by wearable devices (i.e. wrist-worn and chest-strap sensors). Volunteer subjects were tested both in natural breathing conditions and making them inhaling and exhaling at determined frequencies. The estimated BR values were compared with the reference ones and the accuracy and the precision of the measurement were evaluated through standard techniques (i.e. analysis of deviations, evaluation of agreement and correlation analysis). The study shows that better results are obtained with chest-strap sensors thanks to the higher accuracy of HR data: mean deviation of −0.24 bpm and −0.40 bpm for BioHarness 3.0 and Polar H10, respectively, with respect to the mean deviation of 2.89 bpm reported for Garmin Venu Sq for accuracy; standard deviation of 1.36 bpm and 2.92 bpm for BioHarness 3.0 and Polar H10, respectively, with respect to the mean deviation of 4.74 bpm reported for Garmin Venu Sq for precision. It is also noted that better BR accuracy and precision can be obtained by dedicated signal processing.