Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wavelength‐dependent DNA Photodamage in a 3‐D human Skin Model over the Far‐UVC and Germicidal UVC Wavelength Ranges from 215 to 255 nm

The effectiveness of UVC to reduce airborne-mediated disease transmission is well-established. However conventional germicidal UVC (~254 nm) cannot be used directly in occupied spaces because of the potential for damage to the skin and eye. A recently studied alternative with the potential to be used directly in occupied spaces is far-UVC (200 to 235 nm, typically 222 nm), as it cannot penetrate to the key living cells in the epidermis. Optimal far-UVC use is hampered by limited knowledge of the precise wavelength dependence of UVC-induced DNA damage, and thus we have used a monochromatic UVC exposure system to assess wavelength-dependent DNA damage in a realistic 3-D human skin model. We exposed a 3-D human skin model to mono-wavelength UVC exposures of 100 mJ/cm2, at UVC wavelengths from 215 to 255 nm (5-nm steps). At each wavelength we measured yields of DNA-damaged keratinocytes, and their distribution within the layers of the epidermis. No increase in DNA damage was observed in the epidermis at wavelengths from 215 to 235 nm, but at higher wavelengths (240-255 nm) significant levels of DNA damage were observed. These results support use of far-UVC light to safely reduce the risk of airborne disease transmission in occupied locations.
Factors affecting willingness to comply with public health measures during the pandemic among sub-Sahara Africans

Background The unprecedented outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) drastically spread worldwide, resulting in extraordinary measures put in place in various countries including Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. Objective To assess the factors associated with compliance with the public health measures imposed by various SSA countries. Method Cross sectional study using self-administered surveys distributed on social media platforms between April 18th and May 16th, 2020, corresponding with the mandatory lockdown period in most SSA countries. Multivariate analysis examined the associated factors. Results The prevalence of hand hygiene, quarantine, self isolation practices, wearing of face mask and attending large gatherings during COVID-19 were 94%, 39%, 31%, 64% and 14%, respectively. In multivariate models, older age 49+ years: adjusted OR 2.13, 95%CI 1.22,3.71), females (OR 1.41,95%CI 1.03,1.93), Central African countries (OR 3.73,95%CI 2.02,6.87) were associated with wearing face mask. Living alone (aOR 1.52,95%CI 1.04,2.24) during the lockdown was associated with avoiding large gatherings including religious events. Female respondents (aOR 1.61, 95%CI 1.30, 2.00), married (aOR 1.71,95%CI 1.33,2.21) and unemployed (aOR 1.62,95%CI 1.25,2.09) SSAs were more likely to practice self-quarantine measures. Conclusion The low prevalence of mitigation practices suggest the need for targeted education campaign programs to sensitise the population
Internet Routing Architectures

From the Book: To say that the Internet has changed in the past 10 years is a vast understatement. The Internet today is the single most influential phenomenon in computing. The way in which it continues to evolve is likely to affect every form of data communication on a global scale. Internet information-handling strategies, such as Web-based customer support and secure networked commerce, will permanently alter business and consumer behavior. As the Internet and networking have evolved, so too has Cisco Systems' role. Cisco has become the premier worldwide provider of networking for the Internet. In this role, Cisco helps network managers build reliable, scaleable, and cost-effective solutions for networks that span the requirements of small offices to globally-dispersed enterprises. Over the years, Cisco has assembled the largest and most experienced staff of networking experts who serve customers in planning, implementing, and troubleshooting large networks. Bassam Halabi is one of those experts. Although Cisco's expertise is primarily delivered directly to customers, it also can be shared through other means. A new and important medium for sharing Cisco's networking expertise is the Cisco Press. In creating this new forum, New Riders Publishing and Cisco Systems jointly plan to build a library of publications that provide practical information about the design and implementation of routers, switches, servers, and connectivity software. Bassam Halabi's Internet Routing Architectures is the first of these books. Bassam provides his keen insight into interdomain routing, Internet service provider requirements, and the changing Internet infrastructure. He toucheson issues that affect everyone connecting networks to or through the Internet. Bassam's many years of consulting experience with Cisco's largest IP-based networks contribute to this book's useful design recommendations. He brings a pragmatic perspective to the process of building links between domains and selecting network designs for specific situations. Internet Routing Architectures is a readable distillation of essential design and implementation guidelines. We trust you will find it a valuable addition to your networking library.
Torino subsoil characterization by combining site investigations and numerical modelling / Charakterisierung des Turiner Untergrunds mithilfe von Feldstudien und numerischer Modellierungen

This paper presents the results of the studies undertaken to assess the geotechnical parameters of the Torino subsoil (Italy). The ground conditions are characterized by a sand and gravel deposit, ranging from medium to highly dense, down to a depth of 8 to 10 m, and cemented soil (in cases a conglomerate), due to calcareous deposition processes, below this depth. The random distribution of cementation in the ground is a key factor in design and construction of underground works. To assess the ground properties as a function of the cementation degree, continuum and discontinuum numerical modelling were used. These were closely linked to the results of the characterization studies carried out so far in the laboratory and in the field (monitored drilling, SPT, large diameter pits, plate loading tests).
Classifying types of victims in a traffic accident using machine learning methods

With many previous works being done in the field of analyzing traffic accidents using machine learning, classification of victims and their sex seems to be a missing field. We aim to train a model to classify the types of victims and their sex in a traffic accident using various classification models and a dataset containing traffic accident data in France in 2019. We experimented with the variables involved using ablation study and gave the factors that are most relevant in determining the types of victims.
Combined‐type dual‐wideband antenna for 2G/3G/4G tablet device

A combined‐type dual‐wideband antenna with its lower wideband and higher widebands, respectively, contributed by two separate radiating portions thereof is presented. The two separate radiating portions (one low‐band antenna and one high‐band antenna) are easily combined into a compact structure for the 2G/3G/4G operation in the 698–960 and 1710–2690 MHz bands. In addition, for applications in the typical tablet device such as a tablet computer, the proposed antenna requires a very small ground clearance of 10 × 30 mm2 for the 2G/3G/4G operation. The low‐band antenna for the 698–960 MHz band is an inverted‐F antenna, with its radiating arm coupled to the antenna's feeding strip through a first chip inductor and its shorting strip embedded with a second chip inductor. The high‐band antenna for the 1710–2690 MHz band is a monopole antenna formed by connecting a simple strip to the feeding strip and enclosed by the low‐band antenna so as to achieve a compact antenna structure. A simple matching circuit disposed on the device ground plane can, respectively, widen the bandwidth of the antenna's lower and higher bands. The proposed combined‐type antenna can easily achieve dual‐wideband operation with a small antenna volume, and a promising antenna design for the 2G/3G/4G tablet device is presented. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2799–2805, 2014
Consideration to minimize losses in terahertz coplanar waveguide on indium phosphide

The aim of this study is to analyze the losses of coplanar waveguide (CPW) in the Terahertz (THz) frequency range. A numerical analysis of the origin of losses (conductor, dielectric and radiation) for different geometries of the THz CPW on an Indium Phosphide substrate is presented. Two air‐bridges have been created over the central metallization and they are linked to the two ground planes in order to select the fundamental CPW mode by strongly reducing the unwanted slotline mode. Three numerical codes (HFSS, CST and an indigenously developed code called MAXTRA3D) are used for CPW modeling. Several CPW shapes are investigated showing that ohmic losses are dramatic for small central metallization‐ground spacing while radiation losses are dominating for large spacing. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:213–219, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26448
Electromagnetic forces for a new vibration control system: experimental verification

In our previous work we proposed a new concept of the control system in which vibrations of a partially magnetized thin beam are actively suppressed using electromagnetic forces induced by an electric current conducted through the beam. In this experimental study we will demonstrate the effectiveness of the electromagnetic force which plays a major role in our new vibration control system. As a partially magnetized beam is not available at the present moment, a magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet is used to control the motion of a thin elastic beam on which an electric current is conducted through an electric wire glued onto the beam's surface across its breadth. The objective of the present study is to examine if an actually induced electromagnetic force acting on the electric wire is effective in suppressing the beam's vibrations. A feedforward control analysis of the corresponding experiment is performed to confirm experimental results.
Feature-based architectures for decision fusion

Researchers continue to focus on the design of pattern recognition systems to achieve the best classification rates. Usually, different classification schemes are developed for the problem at hand, and then by experimental assessment, the best classifier is chosen as the final solution to the problem. However, it has been observed that although one design may outperform the others, the patterns that are misclassified by the different classifiers are not necessarily the same. This observation suggests that the use of multiple classifiers can enhance the decision about the patterns under classification. Also, multiple classifiers can improve the reliability of the final classifier, because the simultaneous use of different features and classification procedures. Combing the individual decisions to provide an aggregated decision is crucial to successful system design. Decision making is what separates the human species from other species. Everyday, we face a variety of choices, and we must decide which of the available actions to take. In this work, architectures and methods of aggregating decisions in a classifier ensemble environment will be investigated. The proposed architectures allow for dynamic decision fusion by utilizing the information and features of a problem via detector modules to guide the decision fusion process. The features of the problem sub-space, as well as the output, are used to identify the strength and weaknesses of the different classifiers. These features are also used to tune the aggregation procedure to better solve the problem. The main focus of this thesis is to make the final decision more dependent on the pattern being classified, and hence more dynamic. Some of the techniques that we propose to implement this dynamic fusion pertain to neural networks. Various aspects related to the design and performance of these new architectures are studied, including methods to generate the detector. An iterative training algorithm, that allows the final classification to determine whether further training should be carried out on components of these architectures, is proposed. The performance of these architectures is assessed by testing them on several benchmark problems, and the results are compared to alternative aggregation schemes. The new architectures improve the accuracy of an ensemble. Moreover, there is an improvement over existing aggregation techniques. The architectures provide a means to limit the intervention of a user while maintaining a level of accuracy that is competitive to most approaches. The time complexity of the training algorithm is shown to improve on the training requirements of the architectures.
A theoretical analysis of the multi-element end-fire array with particular reference to the Yagi-Uda antenna

Self and mutual impedances of a multi-element antenna system are discussed, and a method of approximation for these impedances is shown. The impedances derived by this method are applied to a theoretical analysis of the multi-element parasitic end-fire array. Various characteristics of the Yagi-Uda antenna computed by the theory are given in charts, and a procedure for designing the Yagi-Uda antenna is shown. Comparisons between the theory and experimental results are also discussed.
A model-based approach to the implementation of automotive embedded control systems

Absmcr- This paper will present the use of a model-based approach for the development of real time embedded software in the implementation of engine controls. The model-based approach Is applled to the implementation of a controller for both the position of an electronic throttle valve and the engine air-fuel ratio. The approad uffllzes the simulation model throughout the implementation process and emphasizes the use of analysis tools prior testing. The simulation model and experimental setup are discussed. lnda Terms-Automotive Software Development, Automotive Electronics, Air-Fuel Ratio, Eleclrooic Throttle, Real Time Embedded Software
Association of Serum Bilirubin and Functional Variants of Heme Oxygenase 1 and Bilirubin UDP-Glucuronosyl Transferase Genes in Czech Adult Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disorder worldwide. The aim of our study was to assess the role of bilirubin, and the heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) and bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT1A1) promoter gene variants, which are involved in bilirubin homeostasis, in the NAFLD development in adult patients. The study was performed on 84 patients with NAFLD and 103 age/sex-matched controls. Routine biochemistry, inflammatory markers, adipokines, and the fibrosis/steatohepatitis stage were determined in the NAFLD patients. The (GT)n/(TA)n dinucleotide variations in HMOX1/UGT1A1 gene promoters, respectively, were analyzed by fragment analysis. Compared to controls, serum bilirubin concentrations in NAFLD patients tended to be decreased, while the prevalence of phenotypic Gilbert syndrome was significantly low. Genetic variations in HMOX1 and UGT1A1 gene promoters did not differ between NAFLD patients and controls, and no relationship was found in the NAFLD patients between these gene variants and any of the laboratory or histological parameters. In conclusion, metabolism of bilirubin is dysregulated in NAFLD patients, most likely due to increased oxidative stress, since frequencies of the major functional variants in the HMOX1 or UGT1A1 gene promoters did not have any effect on development of NAFLD in adult patients.
Novel Variable Stiffness Spring Mechanism: Modulating Stiffness Independent of the Energy Stored by the Spring

Theory suggests a linear relation between stiffness and the energy stored by a linear helical spring at constant deformation. This relation implies that increasing the stiffness of a helical spring upon deformation requires more energy at larger deformations. State-of-the-art variable stiffness spring actuators, used to drive robots and human assistive and augmentation devices, are characterized by a similar relation: increasing stiffness as the spring is deformed costs more energy as more energy is stored by the spring. This feature imposes an apparently fundamental limitation on variable stiffness spring actuation in demanding tasks, such as lifting more, jumping higher, or running faster, because, in all these tasks, the variable stiffness spring should store a considerable amount of energy and provide different stiffness to accommodate different weights in lifting, heights in jumping, and speeds in running. Here, we present an innovative variable stiffness spring design, where the energy cost of changing stiffness is independent of the energy stored by the spring. The key element of the new design is a novel floating spring which changes stiffness without changing the energy stored by the spring. Springs possessing the aforementioned feature could pave the way towards variable stiffness robot actuation and human augmentation using smaller motors and smaller battery packs.
Second Law Analysis of Separation Processes of Mixtures

Mixing and separation processes are commonly encountered in a wide range of industries in practice. Separation processes require a work (more generally, exergy) input, and minimizing this required work input is an important part of the design process of separation plants. The presence of dissimilar molecules in a mixture affect each other, and therefore the influence of composition on the properties must be taken into consideration in any thermodynamic analysis. Below we first analyze the general mixtures and the mixing processes, with particular attention to ideal solutions, and determine the entropy generation and the corresponding exergy destruction. We then consider the reverse process of separation, and determine the minimum (or reversible) work input needed for separation. The results presented can readily be used in the calculation of minimum work input and the determination of the second law efficiency of separation processes.
US LEGAL SYSTEM FOR SAFETY CONCERNING AVIATION ACCIDENT

In the United States, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) conducts aviation accident investigation to determine the probable causes and prevent recurrences. NTSB adopts the party system, in which NTSB integrates expert knowledge by involving parties to the investigation. NTSB also issues effective safety recommendations and supports victims and their families. In the US, criminal prosecution is virtually nonexistent in the case of aviation accidents, however, punitive damages (civil liability) and heavy civil penalties (administrative sanctions) substitute as sanctions against airlines and manufacturers. It is hoped that a debate will take place in Japan over the improvement of the framework for investigating aviation accidents and for pursuing the liability of those responsible. Language: ja
The Operational Reliability Analysis of Airplane Tractor Drivers

The operating accuracy of the tractor driver directly affects the transportation efficiency and the airport security. The research of the human reliability is an important way to measure task performance and reduce errors. The main content of the study is to analyze the reliability of the driver of the towbarless tractor in Harbin International Airport. The task network is established using the method of HTN according to the towing actions. The reliabilities of each operation are calculated with the methods such as HCR and the characteristics of human behaviour (SOR). The simulation model is run for a hundred thousand times on the platform of the discrete event simulation software QUEST, and conclusions are brought out, one of them is the reliability of the driver is 99.666%. The main causes of the human error are the qualification and driving experience of the drivers and the circumstance of the airport.
Aspects of Vane Film Cooling With High Turbulence: Part II — Adiabatic Effectiveness

A four vane subsonic cascade was used to investigate the influence of turbulence on vane film cooling distributions. The influence of film injection on vane heat transfer distributions in the presence of high turbulence was examined in part I of this paper. Vane effectiveness distributions were documented in the presence of a low level of turbulence (1%) and were used to contrast results taken at a high level (12%) of large scale turbulence. All data were taken at a density ratio of about 1. The three geometries chosen to study included one row and two staggered rows of downstream film cooling on both the suction and pressure surfaces as well as a showerhead array. Turbulence was found to have a moderate influence on one and two rows of suction surface film cooling but had a dramatic influence on pressure surface film cooling, particularly at the lower velocity ratios. The strong pressure gradients on the pressure surface of the vane were also found to alter film cooling distributions substantially. At lower velocity ratios, effectiveness distributions for two staggered rows of holes could be predicted well using data from one row superposed. At higher velocity ratios the two staggered rows produced significantly higher levels of effectiveness than values estimated from single row data superposed. Turbulence was also found to substantially reduce effectiveness levels produced by showerhead film cooling.Copyright © 1997 by ASME
Performance of Carbon Nanofiber–Cement Composites with a High-Range Water Reducer

The effect of a polycarboxylate-based high-range water reducer (HRWR) on incorporation of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in cement composites was evaluated. Use of the HRWR proved successful in disaggregating the CNFs in solution and improved the dispersion of CNFs in the cement paste at the individual fiber level. However, an inhomogeneous distribution of the fibers within the composites was observed. Addition of 0.2% CNFs per weight of cement resulted in increased splitting tensile strength of 22% in portland cement composites and 26% in composites that also contained silica fume. Migration of the CNFs in the bleed water was observed depending on the water–binder ratio used, creating a porous layer of agglomerated CNFs intermixed with cement paste at the upper surface of the composite.