Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The GFDL Global Atmospheric Chemistry‐Climate Model AM4.1: Model Description and Simulation Characteristics

We describe the baseline model configuration and simulation characteristics of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL)'s Atmosphere Model version 4.1 (AM4.1), which builds on developments at GFDL over 2013–2018 for coupled carbon‐chemistry‐climate simulation as part of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. In contrast with GFDL's AM4.0 development effort, which focused on physical and aerosol interactions and which is used as the atmospheric component of CM4.0, AM4.1 focuses on comprehensiveness of Earth system interactions. Key features of this model include doubled horizontal resolution of the atmosphere (~200 to ~100 km) with revised dynamics and physics from GFDL's previous‐generation AM3 atmospheric chemistry‐climate model. AM4.1 features improved representation of atmospheric chemical composition, including aerosol and aerosol precursor emissions, key land‐atmosphere interactions, comprehensive land‐atmosphere‐ocean cycling of dust and iron, and interactive ocean‐atmosphere cycling of reactive nitrogen. AM4.1 provides vast improvements in fidelity over AM3, captures most of AM4.0's baseline simulations characteristics, and notably improves on AM4.0 in the representation of aerosols over the Southern Ocean, India, and China—even with its interactive chemistry representation—and in its manifestation of sudden stratospheric warmings in the coldest months. Distributions of reactive nitrogen and sulfur species, carbon monoxide, and ozone are all substantially improved over AM3. Fidelity concerns include degradation of upper atmosphere equatorial winds and of aerosols in some regions.
Meta-Local Density Functionals: A New Rung on Jacob’s Ladder

The homogeneous electron gas (HEG) is a key ingredient in the construction of most exchange-correlation functionals of density-functional theory. Often, the energy of the HEG is parameterized as a function of its spin density nσ, leading to the local density approximation (LDA) for inhomogeneous systems. However, the connection between the electron density and kinetic energy density of the HEG can be used to generalize the LDA by evaluating it on a geometric average nσavg(r) = nσ1–x(r)ñσx(r) of the local spin density nσ(r) and the spin density ñσ(r) of a HEG that has the local kinetic energy density τσ(r) of the inhomogeneous system. This leads to a new family of functionals that we term meta-local density approximations (meta-LDAs), which are still exact for the HEG, which are derived only from properties of the HEG and which form a new rung of Jacob’s ladder of density functionals [AIP Conf. Proc.2001, 577, 1]. The first functional of this ladder, the local τ approximation (LTA) of Ernzerhof and Scuseria [J. Chem. Phys.1999, 111, 911] that corresponds to x = 1 is unfortunately not stable enough to be used in self-consistent field calculations because it leads to divergent potentials, as we show in this work. However, a geometric averaging of the LDA and LTA densities with smaller values of x not only leads to numerical stability of the resulting functional but also yields more accurate exchange energies in atomic calculations than the LDA, the LTA, or the tLDA functional (x = 1/4) of Eich and Hellgren [J. Chem. Phys.2014, 141, 22410725494732]. We choose x = 0.50, as it gives the best total energy in self-consistent exchange-only calculations for the argon atom. Atomization energy benchmarks confirm that the choice x = 0.50 also yields improved energetics in combination with correlation functionals in molecules, almost eliminating the well-known overbinding of the LDA and reducing its error by two thirds.
Potential combined pro-cognitive, anxiolytic and antidepressant properties of novel GABAA receptor positive modulators with preferential efficacy at the α5-subunit

Altered γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function is consistently reported in psychiatric disorders, normal aging and neurodegenerative disorders, and reduced function of somatostatin - expressing GABA interneurons is associated with both mood and cognitive symptoms. Somatostatin-neurons signal in part through α5-subunit containing GABAA receptors (α5-GABAA-Rs) which are localized in brain regions implicated in emotion and cognition. We hypothesize that enhancing α5-GABAA-R activity has therapeutic potential for both mood and cognitive symptoms in stress-based and aging rodent models. We synthesized four novel imidazobenzodiazepine (IBZD) amide ligands, tested them for positive allosteric modulation at α5-GABAA-R (α5-PAM), pharmacokinetic properties, and for anxiolytic and antidepressant activities in adult mice. Pro-cognitive activity was tested in adult mice submitted to chronic stress and in old mice. Diazepam (DZP), with broad PAM activity at GABAA-Rs, was used as a control. Three novel IBZD amide ligands (GL-II-73, GL-II-74 and GL-II-75) demonstrated adequate brain penetration, affinity and α5-PAM activity, and metabolic stability for in vivo studies. GL-II-73/74/75 showed significant anxiolytic and antidepressant efficacies in adult mice. GL-II-73 and GL-II-75 significantly reversed cognitive deficits induced by stress or occurring throughout normal aging. This activity was maintained after sub-chronic administration for GL-II-73. In contrast DZP displayed anxiolytic but no antidepressant or pro-cognitive activities. We demonstrate for the first time the potential for combined anxiolytic, antidepressant and pro-cognitive therapeutic, mediated by newly designed IBDZ amide ligands with efficacy at α5-GABAA-Rs. These results suggest a novel therapeutic approach targeting both mood and cognitive symptoms in depression and/or aging.
Pseudo likelihood‐based estimation and testing of missingness mechanism function in nonignorable missing data problems

In nonignorable missing response problems, we study a semiparametric model with unspecified missingness mechanism model and a exponential family model for response conditional density. Even though existing methods are available to estimate the parameters in exponential family, estimation or testing of the missingness mechanism model nonparametrically remains to be an open problem. By defining a “synthesis" density involving the unknown missingness mechanism model and the known baseline “carrier" density in the exponential family model, we treat this “synthesis" density as a legitimate one with biased sampling version. We develop maximum pseudo likelihood estimation procedures and the resultant estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal. Since the “synthesis" cumulative distribution is a functional of the missingness mechanism model and the known carrier density, proposed method can be used to test the correctness of the missingness mechanism model nonparametrically andindirectly. Simulation studies and real example demonstrate the proposed methods perform very well.
Microwear—mesowear congruence and mortality bias in rhinoceros mass-death assemblages

Abstract. Although we do not know the cause of death of most fossil animals, mortality is often associated with ecological stress due to seasonality and other stochastic events (droughts, storms, volcanism) that may have caused shifts in feeding ecology preceding death. In these instances, dental microwear, which reflects feeding ecology in a narrow window of time, may provide a biased view of diet. Mesowear, another dental-wear proxy based on the morphology of worn cusps, requires macroscopic amounts of dental wear and reflects diet for a longer interval and may be less prone to bias from near-death ecological stress. We compared congruence between microwear and mesowear of North American, fossil rhinocerotid mass-death assemblages and collections of hunted modern rhinocerotids to test the hypothesis that fossil assemblages yield more incongruous microwear and mesowear data as a result of near-death ecological disturbances. In extant rhinos, both mesowear and microwear are associated with diet and height of the feeding environment. Mesowear and microwear in the modern rhinocerotid collections are statistically correlated, with strong relationships between average mesowear scores and labially distributed dental microwear. In contrast, a relationship between mesowear and microwear was not observed among the fossil rhinocerotid assemblages. Mesowear suggests that the fossil rhinos had low-abrasion diets, suggesting that they fed from clean, possibly tall vegetation. Some, but not all, mass-death assemblages produce microwear data with excessive scratches and/or pits compared with expectations based on mesowear results, suggesting that dental microwear was altered shortly before death in some but not all of the fossil assemblages. The dental-wear proxies available to paleoecologists provide amosaic of dietary evidence reflecting diet over long (mesowear) and more abbreviated (microwear) periods of time that, together, provide a richer understanding of feeding ecology and its relationship to environment, seasonal change, and other ecological disturbances.
On Accurate and Compact Model of High DER-Penetrated Sub-Transmission/Primary Distribution Systems in ISO Energy Market

In Independent System Operator's (ISO) energy market clearing process, sub-transmission/primary distribution systems are usually modeled as simplified fixed or flexible loads. This simplification, however, may not be proper for emerging distribution systems with an increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DER). As a matter of fact, scheduling results from the simplified model could induce power flow violations of distribution lines, while also misrepresenting contributions of DERs on economic operations of the entire grid. To this end, this paper proposes a multi-port power exchange model and associated bidding strategies, in order to accurately and compactly formulate the contribution of highly DER-penetrated sub-transmission/distribution systems in the ISO energy market while resolving computational complexity. The proposed models can effectively capture physical and economic impacts of sub-transmission/distribution systems in the ISO market clearing, while respecting their internal physical limits. Numerical studies show that, with proper settings, the proposed approach can accurately reflect impacts of DER-penetrated distribution networks on market clearing results and power flows, while presenting high computational performance.
Infection cycle of Alternaria brassicicola on Brassica oleracea leaves under growth room conditions

Development of the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola was evaluated during infection of three cabbage varieties: Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba ‘Stone Head’ (white cabbage), B. oleracea var. capitata f. rubra ‘Langedijker Dauer’ (red cabbage) and B. oleracea var. capitata f. sabauda ‘Langedijker Dauerwirsing’ (Savoy cabbage). Following inoculation of cabbage leaves, conidial germination, germ tube growth, and appressorium formation were analysed during the first 24 h of infection. Differences in the dynamics of fungal development on leaves were observed, e.g. approximately 40% of conidia germinated on Savoy cabbage leaves at 4 h post‐inoculation (hpi) while only 20% germinated on red and white cabbage leaves. Leaf penetration on the three cabbage varieties mainly occurred through appressoria, rarely through stomata. Formation of infection cushions was found exclusively on red cabbage. Appressoria were first observed on red cabbage leaves at 6 hpi, and on white and Savoy cabbage leaves at 8 hpi. Conidiogenesis occurred directly from mature conidia at an early stage of fungal development (10 hpi), but later (48 hpi) it occurred through conidiophores. Disease progress and changes in the morphology of leaf surfaces were also observed. At the final 120 hpi measurement point, necroses on all investigated varieties were approximately the same size. Based on detailed light and electron microscopic analyses, an outline of the A. brassicicola infection cycle on B. oleracea leaves under growth room conditions has been proposed. According to the authors’ knowledge, this report represents the most detailed up‐to‐date description of infection of B. oleracea varieties by A. brassicicola.
Synthesis of novel carvone (meth)acrylate monomers for the production of hydrophilic polymers with high terpene content

The terpene‐based monomers and polymers reported in the literature are mostly hydrophobic and this is limiting their use in aqueous environments. To address this drawback, we have developed a novel synthetic strategy to functionalise a model terpene monomer in order to improve hydrophilicity and the number of polar groups on the polymer side chains. To produce a highly hydrophilic monomer, carvone (meth)acrylate was chosen as the primary feedstock. Carvone has more functionalisable double bonds than other commercial cyclic terpenes and offers the potential for the maximum number of hydrophilic groups per monomer molecule. The monomers were homopolymerised and copolymerised to generate novel green hydrophilic and amphiphilic terpene‐based polymers which were characterised by 1H–13C NMR, gel permeation chromatography, TGA and DSC analyses. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
SLAM based Autonomous Navigating Object Identifier for an Indoor Environment using 3D - LiDAR and MoBiNet

Autonomous navigation is the future of robotics and object recognition is one of the vital activities that need to be performed by robots. Autonomous robots are used in various applications namely household cleaning, Goods delivery, factory automation and safety measures [1]. Autonomous navigation is a complex task that involves localization, mapping and path planning. Localization is the basic step in autonomous navigation since the robot has to know or identify the position of itself in an environment. Localization is performed by triangulation method. Mapping involves associating the scanned data set obtained from each environment to derive overview topography of the scenario [2]. LIDAR (Light Imaging Detection and Ranging) is used in the developed robot to detect all fine objects present in the indoor environment precisely, based on which the three dimensional (3D) map of the environment is constructed. The 3-D LIDAR consist of a transmitting laser and a receiver. LIDAR emits laser signals in 360 degrees, whenever this signal hits an obstacles, it gets reflected and received by the receiver present in LIDAR. From the reflected signal, the meta data namely position, height and distance of the object is computed. In simple terms LIDAR is a scanner that could create an exact digital copy of all the physical objects present in the considered environment with precise measurements. The mobile object identifier first builds a virtual map in which it could travel by combining various LIDAR scan results of the environment. This robot uses the SLAM algorithm for localization and mapping activities, the PRM is used to create the possible navigation path for the robot from source to destination. The mobile object identifier identifies the object’s material with computer vision and machine learning in its route to the destination. The contents of the paper are organized as following. Section II describes the literature of related works. Section III defines the proposed work. Section IV details the experimental outputs. Finally, the conclusion of this work is summarized in Section V.
Genetic determinants of resistance and virulence among carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae from Sri Lanka

Whole genome sequencing of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from the intensive care units of a Sri Lankan teaching hospital revealed the presence of carbapenemase gene, blaOXA-181 among isolates of carbapenase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae belonging to ST437 (2 strains) and ST147 (8 strains) in 2015. blaOXA-181 genes were carried in three variants of ColE-type plasmids. Elevated carbapemen resistance were observed in ompK36 mutant strains. ESBL genes, plasmid–mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants (qnr, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, oqxAB) and mutations on chromosomal quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) with substitutions at ser83→I of gyrA and ser80→I of parC were observed. All strains possessed yersiniabactin on the mobile element ICEkp and other virulence determinants. Strict infection control and judicious use of antibiotics are warranted to prevent further spread of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in the intensive care units.
Constructions and expressions of anti-ABA scFv genes in bacteria, yeast and plants

S Three anti-ABA single-chain Fv (scFv) antibody genes, namely ABA26, MAC61, MAC252 scFvs, had been constructed from mouse and rat hybridomas and expressed in bacteria, yeast and plants. All o f these scFv genes could be expressed in E. coli using the T7 promoter, either targeted to the E. coli periplasm or cytoplasm, albeit at comparatively low levels. The cytoplasmically located scFv proteins were in the form o f insoluble fraction and did not therefore exhibit any binding activities to the ABA. The majority o f the periplasmically located scFv proteins were retained in the bacterial cytoplasm as insoluble bodies with the ompA signal peptide attached to them. Nevertheless, the positive signal in ELISA test indicated that a small portion o f scFv proteins were in the form o f soluble functional scFv proteins. All the three periplasmically expressed scFv proteins had specific ABA binding activities. However, the affinity constants o f the scFv proteins were found to be 5 to 10 fold lower than those o f their parental MAbs. In addition, the MAC61 and MAC252 scFv proteins possessed less specific binding sites compared to their parental monoclonal antibodies. In the yeast expression, although no scFv proteins were detected in the case o f ABA26 and MAC252 scFvs with the Pichia pastoris expression system, MAC61.scFv proteins were expressed and some o f the product was secreted into the culture media. The expression o f ABA26, MAC61, and MAC252 scFv genes in plants, either by transient expression using the PVX viral vector or by stable Agrobacterium-mediatQd transformation, did not result in the accumulation o f scFv protein to a detectable level either targeted in cells cytosol, secreted to the apoplast or retented in the endoplasmic reticulum. The low expression levels in E. coli, the difficulties encountered in the P. pastoris system, and the inability plants to express ABA26, MAC61, and MAC252 scFv proteins appeared to be due to the nature o f those particular scFv genes. Investigation indicated that the single V l domain o f MAC61 limited the expression level in E. coli. The single V l domain o f MAC61 was expressed at least 10 fold lower than the single V h domain. While a hybrid scFv gene which contained the V l domain o f MAC61 and the V h domain o f a readily expressed scFv was found to express at a much lower level than the hybrid scFv gene comprised o f the V l domain o f a readily expressed scFv and the V h domain o f MAC61. Future experiments involving mutations o f the amino acid sequence o f the V l domain could allow precise identification of the characteristics o f the V l domain o f MAC61 which are responsible for the adverse effects on the expression in bacteria, yeast and plants.
Anxiety and Attachment Styles: A Systematic Review

Attachment theory argues that the interaction between individuals and their special others (especially infants to their mothers) in childhood affects how the individuals behave in the face of pressure, threat, and separation, which in turn is related to the individual’s mental health. Intimate relationship functioning is associated with various mental health outcomes. Anxiety is an emotion state which is separable yet related to fear. Anxiety is a future-oriented emotion, and fear is an alarm response to present and imminent event. In several studies, specific attachment styles were associated with anxiety disorders. As such, attachment styles may relate to anxiety disorder. The present review aims to analyze the literature on the relationship between adult attachment styles and anxiety in the last three years (2016-2019). It turns out that Secure attachment is negatively associated with anxiety symptoms. By contrast, insecure attachment is positively associated with anxiety symptoms, anxiety disorders, and subtypes of anxiety disorders (correlation coefficient ranged from 0.273 to 0.56, effect size ranged from -0.11 to 0.37). The correlation coefficient of anxious attachment and anxiety ranged from 0.273 to 0.56, of avoidant attachment and anxiety ranged from zero, no correlation, to 0.3, despite different group characteristics of individuals (e.g., different mental diseases, with or without having perceived parenting).
Development of Student Character Through the Implementation of Extracurricular Activities

Constraints to the implementation of character development through scout extracurricular activities have caused many students in the alert and mobilizing groups to focus more on the game than the material and there are still students who do not obey the scouting activity regulations. The purpose of this research was to analyze the implementation of character planting in students through scout extracurricular activities. This research was using a descriptive qualitative research. The population in this research was all students of SDN Tlogosari Kulon 06 Semarang, totaling 91 students. The validity of the data was obtained through two triangulations, namely technical triangulation and source triangulation. Collecting data through observation, interviews, and notes in the field. Tringulation technique for testing data creation. The data analysis method used was qualitative analysis method. The results of the analysis showed that the activities carried out during extracurricular scouting have implemented the planting of the five attitudes that need to be achieved by students. The students' religious, integrity, and nationalist attitudes are good, even though the implementation of the overall attitude has been carried out evenly, students still need an emphasis on independence and mutual cooperation. Most students still object to being made into a team with friends from other classes, they do not yet have the independence to go and use complete attributes when scouting extracurricular activities without having to be ordered and warned repeatedly by class teachers and coaches.
Disease progression of a lethal decline caused by the 16SrIV‐D phytoplasma in Florida palms

Recently, a new phytoplasma was discovered in Hillsborough County in the state of Florida, USA. This phytoplasma belongs to the 16SrIV taxonomic group and is classified as subgroup D. It is the causal agent of lethal bronzing disease (LBD) of palm. Since the discovery of LBD in 2006, the disease has spread throughout much of the state. In 2014 and 2015, stands of cabbage palm and queen palms that had been present at the University of Florida's Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center in Davie, FL began showing symptoms of LBD. After confirming the presence of the LBD phytoplasma in initially infected palms by nested PCR and RFLP analysis, all palms were systematically sampled over the period of 1 year to monitor and quantify disease spread. A total of 30 cabbage palms were tested monthly by qPCR, with five testing positive on the first sample date. By the end of the study period, 16 cabbage palms had died from the infection. A total of 16 queen palms were surveyed, with three palms initially testing positive. By the end of the study, four queen palms had tested positive and died from the infection. To the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to document and quantify spread of palm‐infecting phytoplasmas. This data provides important insights into the ecology of palm‐infecting phytoplasmas and highlights the impact that the movement of infective insects can pose to established stands of palms.