Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A SC PUF Standard Cell Used for Key Generation and Anti-Invasive-Attack Protection

By using metal blocks as the protective coating, placing the sensitive signals in last but second metal (LSM), integrating a low-cost one-time programming (OTP) cell in each PUF unit, the proposed switched-capacitor (SC) PUF can both provide sensitive anti-invasive-attack protective coating and stable key for the security chip. Moreover, the circuit parameters and the layout implementation of the SC PUF unit are all compatible with other digital standard cells, which greatly facilitates the integration of SC PUF unit in the security chip by using digital design flow when its function, timing, power, and layout views are characterized using commercial timing and layout extraction tools. The anti-invasive-attack ability, stability, and digital design flow compatibility of the proposed SC PUF standard cell are verified in a security chip by using a standard 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS process. The measured bit error rate, bias, average intra-die HD, and average inter-die HD of output keys after OTP is <10−4, 46.72%, 0%, and 50.38% respectively. Finally, the failed probing and destruction attack attempts to the coating also verify the invasive-attack-resistant property of the proposed SC PUF standard cell. With the help of SC PUF standard cell, the whole security chip can easily obtain stable keys and sensitive anti-invasive-attack ability by using digital design flow.
Modeling the Critical Success Factors for Business Intelligence Implementation: An ISM Approach

Business intelligence (BI) helps organizations to make better and quicker decisions. The primary requirement, as per previous studies, for any successful BI implementation in an organization and its' stakeholders, is to understand and pay heed to the vital issues and factors governing it. The objective of this study is, thus, to analyze the various critical success factors (CSF’s) for Business Intelligence Implementation, in context to the Indian sub-continent. In this qualitative study, the CSF’s for BI implementation are classified, through the review of the literature and to identify the relationship among the CSF's, Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) is applied along with MICMAC classification method. The ISM approach's outcome shows that management support and business goal alignment are the most significant driving factors for implementing BI. These findings may help recognize the crucial facts that affect the firms adopting BI in India and give some insights for other countries
An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the North American Oaks (Quercus Subgenus Quercus): Review of the Contribution of Phylogenomic Data to Biogeography and Species Diversity

The oak flora of North America north of Mexico is both phylogenetically diverse and species-rich, including 92 species placed in five sections of subgenus Quercus, the oak clade centered on the Americas. Despite phylogenetic and taxonomic progress on the genus over the past 45 years, classification of species at the subsectional level remains unchanged since the early treatments by WL Trelease, AA Camus, and CH Muller. In recent work, we used a RAD-seq based phylogeny including 250 species sampled from throughout the Americas and Eurasia to reconstruct the timing and biogeography of the North American oak radiation. This work demonstrates that the North American oak flora comprises mostly regional species radiations with limited phylogenetic affinities to Mexican clades, and two sister group connections to Eurasia. Using this framework, we describe the regional patterns of oak diversity within North America and formally classify 62 species into nine major North American subsections within sections Lobatae (the red oaks) and Quercus (the white oaks), the two largest sections of subgenus Quercus. We also distill emerging evolutionary and biogeographic patterns based on the impact of phylogenomic data on the systematics of multiple species complexes and instances of hybridization.
Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D) critique

ABSTRACT This paper reconstructs the major points of criticism of both research and practice of Information and Communication Technologies for/and Development (ICT4D/ICTD). Since ICT4D/ICTD was established both as a stream in development work and as an academic field of study, numerous critical reflections on its norms, theories, methods, and consequences were published. This paper provides a first comprehensive compilation and synthesis of what the authors term ICT4D critique. The authors recount criticism about the modus operandi of ICT4D research, the alleged weakness of theories and lack of quality, research gaps, and the politics of ICT4D research. They further recite criticism of the neoliberal orientation of ICT4D practice, the lack of user-centric projects, Eurocentrism and techno-optimism, and the lack of ethical reflection in the field. This paper is intended to serve as a resource and point of reference for students, researchers, and practitioners, in particular those who are new to the field.
Cluster Analysis of Submicron Particle Number Size Distributions at the SORPES Station in the Yangtze River Delta of East China

Submicron particles in polluted regions have received much attention because of their influences on human health and climate. A k‐means clustering technique was performed on a data set of particle number size distributions (PNSD) that was obtained over more than 3 years in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region of East China. With simultaneous measurements of meteorological conditions, trace gases and aerosol compositions, seven clusters were categorized and interpreted. Cluster 1 and cluster 2, which accounted for 9.9% of the total PNSD data, were attributed to new particle formation (NPF) and vehicle exhaust emissions with different intensities; Cluster 3 and Cluster 4, which accounted for 10.5% of the total PNSD data, were related to the growth of nucleation mode particles; Cluster 5, which accounted for 37.9% of the total data, was attributed to the humid YRD background; and Cluster 6 and Cluster 7, which accounted for 41.6% of the total data set, were both pollution‐related clusters with similar mass concentrations but completely different PNSD. Although the PM2.5 mass concentrations were somewhat similar, the particle number concentrations of the accumulation mode particles could vary by more than one order of magnitude from the urban background cluster to the pollution‐related clusters. The cluster proximity diagram and conversion flow chart of clusters clearly show the influence of NPF and growth on haze, as well as the conversion between background and polluted conditions. This study highlights the importance of PNSD for understanding urban air quality and recommends the clustering technique for analyzing complex PNSD datasets.
Beyond The Ordinary: Designing a Mobile-assisted Funds-of-Knowledge-Featured Instructional Framework for English Learners

The design and implementation of hybrid, technology-enhanced learning environments is a sophisticated process, especially when incorporating relevant sociocultural factors to support culturally and linguistically diverse students’ learning. In this paper, I review and provide a description of an iterative design process for a mobile-assisted funds-ofknowledge (FoK)-featured instructional framework that aims to facilitate middle-school aged Latinx English Learners’ (ELs) literacy development in writing. The sociocultural lens of FoK considers ELs’ ordinary experiences as assets in creating inclusivity and engaging flow in learning, which are further enhanced by affordances of mobile-based writing applications. More specifically, this design process was achieved through fieldwork situated in a Latinx community and school district in a rural town in the Midwestern United States. The design process was contextualized into four stages: the precedent stage focusing on the formation of the design idea, the framing stage focusing on the preliminary design outline, the co-evolution stage focusing on the development of the designed product, and the prototype stage focusing on experimenting with the designed product through the ELs’ classroom writing practice. This instructional framework emphasizes the transformation of diverse ELs’ ordinary experiences by guiding them through five sequential learning steps: discovering, connecting, writing, sharing, and preserving culture. Formative and summative evaluation techniques were embedded through different research phases, such as a preliminary instrumental case study, an ethnographic case study, and the ELs’ classroom writing practice. This design case provides an example of socioculturally contextualizing the application of emerging technology to mediate learning for diverse student populations.
Deception electronic counter‐countermeasure applicable to multiple jammer sources in distributed multiple‐radar system

National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award Numbers: 61801233, 61801445; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, Grant/Award Number: BK20170911; Aeronautical Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award Numbers: 202000200X9001, 202000200X9002 Abstract Deception jamming poses a fatal threat to the radar performance, and its jamming performance has been greatly improved through networking. However, available deception electronic counter‐countermeasure (ECCM) methods are mostly developed in the scenario of a single jamming source. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop deception ECCM methods that can counter multiple jammers. This work proposes a deception jamming discrimination method applicable to multiple jammer sources in distributed multiple‐radar system, based on the correlation coefficient between different target‐received signal vectors. The false targets generated by one jammer are highly correlated, while a radar target is uncorrelated with either other radar targets or false targets. For the estimated correlation coefficient, the Fisher z‐transformation is applied to determine the correlation between targets with the Z‐test. Since the jammer usually generates multiple false targets at once to enhance its deceptions, a target can be judged as a false target when multiple targets are highly correlated with it; otherwise a radar target is declared. More importantly, compared with existing methods, no prior information is required here. Simulation results corroborate the feasibility of the proposed discrimination method and its performance due to the influence of jamming‐to‐noise ratio. The spatial correlation of radar targets and geometry conditions are covered.
Nonlinear instability analysis of a vertical cylindrical magnetic sheet

This paper concerns with the nonlinear instability analysis of double interfaces separated three perfect, incompressible cylindrical magnetic fluids. The cylindrical sheet is acted upon by an axial uniform magnetic field. The current nonlinear approach depends mainly on solving the linear governing equations of motion and subjected to the appropriate nonlinear boundary conditions. This procedure resulted in two nonlinear characteristic equations governed the behavior of the interfaces deflection. By means of the Taylor expansion, together with the multiple time scales, technique, the stability analysis of linear as well as the nonlinear is achieved. The linear stability analysis reveals a quadratic dispersion equation in the square of growth rate frequency of the surface wave. On the other hand, the nonlinear analysis is accomplished by a coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equation of the evolution amplitudes of the surface waves. The stability criteria resulted in a polynomial of the eleventh degree in the square of the magnetic field strength, together with resonance transition curves. Several special cases are reported upon appropriate data choices. The stability criteria are numerically discussed, at which regions of stability and instability are identified. In the stability profile, the magnetic field intensity is plotted versus the wave number. The influences of the parameters on the stability are addressed. The nonlinear stability approach divides the phase plane into several parts of stability/instability. The nonlinear stability shows an in contrast mechanism of the role of the sheet thickness.
Trip destination prediction based on a deep integration network by fusing multiple features from taxi trajectories

Trip destination prediction plays an important role in exploring urban travel patterns. Accurate prediction can improve the efﬁciency of trafﬁc management and the quality of location-based services. Here, a deep learning structure that contains three components: travel information extraction, classiﬁcation learning mechanism, and output module is proposed. Three types of information (the partial trajectory of on-going trips, historical trajectories, and related external information) are extracted in the ﬁrst component. Then, the classiﬁcation learning mechanism chooses different methods (i.e. Long Short-Term Memory network and Embedding technology) according to the characteristic of variables. Finally, an output layer that integrates the prior information about destinations is constructed. Two open-source trajectory datasets are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Results show that the proposed model outperforms benchmark models using only part of the information or using all of the information but ignore the classiﬁ-cation learning mechanism. The performance of the proposed model under different call types and travel durations is further explored. The result of this study will help understand travel behaviour in urban cities.
Optimal Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Guided by Brain Oxygen Pressure Measurement

Background: Although increasing cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is commonly accepted to improve brain tissue oxygen pressure (PbtO2), it remains unclear whether recommended CPP targets (i. e., >60 mmHg) would result in adequate brain oxygenation in brain injured patients. The aim of this study was to identify the target of CPP associated with normal brain oxygenation. Methods: Prospectively collected data including patients suffering from acute brain injury and monitored with PbtO2, in whom daily CPP challenge using vasopressors was performed. Initial CPP target was >60 mmHg; norepinephrine infusion was modified to have an increase in CPP of at least 10 mmHg at two different steps above the baseline values. Whenever possible, the same CPP challenge was performed for the following days, for a maximum of 5 days. CPP “responders” were patients with a relative increase in PbtO2 from baseline values > 20%. Results: A total of 53 patients were included. On the first day of assessment, CPP was progressively increased from 73 (70–76) to 83 (80–86), and 92 (90–96) mmHg, which resulted into a significant PbtO2 increase [from 20 (17–23) mmHg to 22 (20–24) mmHg and 24 (22–26) mmHg, respectively; p < 0.001]. Median CPP value corresponding to PbtO2 values > 20 mmHg was 79 (74–87) mmHg, with 2 (4%) patients who never achieved such target. Similar results of CPP targets were observed the following days. A total of 25 (47%) were PbtO2 responders during the CPP challenge on day 1, in particular if low PbtO2 was observed at baseline. Conclusions: PbtO2 monitoring can be an effective way to individualize CPP values to avoid tissue hypoxia. Low PbtO2 values at baseline can identify the responders to the CPP challenge.
Variability, Association and Selection of Promising Characters for Breeding Creole Maize

Genetic variability is the main characteristic when seeking to select promising genotypes for plant breeding. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate the genetic variability in agronomic and morphological characteristics of traditional varieties of maize, in addition to determining the degree of association and the selection of variety and promising characters to be explored in programs of genetic breeding of Creole maize. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco Acre, in the 2017/2018 harvest period. A randomized block design was used, with five replications. The treatments were four varieties of Creole maize (V1, V2, V3 and V4) from Original Research Article Fontinele et al.; JEAI, 43(4): 31-43, 2021; Article no.JEAI. 69464 32 the Vale do Juruá region and another hybrid cultivar LG 3040 (HI). The morpho-agronomic characteristics were evaluated in the useful area of the plots: days to silking (DS), days to anthesis (DA), plant height (PH) and height ear insertion (HEI), stem diameter (SD), mass of ear (ME), length ear (LE), diameter ear (DE), total grain mass (TGM), mass of 100 grain (M100G), grain moisture (GM) and grain productivity (GP). The data were subjected to analysis of variance and comparison of means. The values of genotypic and phenotypic variance were also estimated, heritability in the broad sense, selection accuracy, phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlation, in addition to the principal component analysis (PCA). Variations in characteristics were found between the varieties of Creole maize and their interrelations, showing greater influence of ME, PH, TGM, M100G, DE and GP in the expression of the phenotype. Therefore, it is concluded that there is genetic variability in the characteristics evaluated, with emphasis to V4 that showed superior performance allowing direct selection of the characteristics SD, ME, TGM and M100G to be incorporated into an breeding program.
A Study on the Feasibility of Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Raw Cheese Whey with Coffee Pulp Residues

In this paper, a study on the feasibility of the treatment of raw cheese whey by anaerobic co-digestion using coffee pulp residues as a co-substrate is presented. It considers raw whey generated in artisanal cheese markers, which is generally not treated, thus causing environmental pollution problems. An experimental design was carried out evaluating the effect of pH and the substrate ratio on methane production at 35 °C (i.e., mesophilic conditions). The interaction of the parameters on the co-substrate degradation and the methane production was analyzed using a response surface analysis. Furthermore, two kinetic models were proposed (first order and modified Gompertz models) to determine the dynamic profiles of methane yield. The results show that co-digestion of the raw whey is favored at pH = 6, reaching a maximum yield of 71.54 mLCH4 gVSrem−1 (31.5% VS removed) for raw cheese whey and coffee pulp ratio of 1 gVSwhey gVSCoffe−1. The proposed kinetic models successfully fit the experimental methane production data, the Gompertz model being the one that showed the best fit. Then, the results show that anaerobic co-digestion can be used to reduce the environmental impact of raw whey. Likewise, the methane obtained can be integrated into the cheese production process, which could contribute to reducing the cost per energy consumption.
Wide slot tri‐band antenna for Wireless Local Area Network/World‐Wide Interoperability for Microwave Access applications

A low‐profile, tri‐band, wide slot antenna for the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World‐Wide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications is proposed in this article. The surface dimension of the proposed planar antenna is 0. 32λ × 0. 32λ mm2 (lowest operating frequency). The antenna structure consists of a wide slot which is formed by carefully etching out the square and circular shapes from the basic patch antenna. The standard cost‐effective FR‐4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm is used for the fabrication of the prototype. Tri‐band resonance at 2.4, 3.5, and 5.5 GHz is achieved with the peak gain of 3.33, 1.12, and 1.37 dBi, respectively. The impedance bandwidth at three resonant peaks is 15.36%, 11.7%, and 8.29% with Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) well below the requirement of 1.5. Dipole‐shaped radiation patterns, average gain > 1.96 dBi, and efficiency of 83% make the antenna commercially viable for use in WLAN and WiMAX devices.
Application of Turbulent Diffusion Term of Aerosols in Mesoscale Model

The presence of unfavorable meteorological conditions triggers pollution, and then further weakens turbulence, especially in the stable boundary layer (SBL), which is a frequent situation in heavy pollution episodes in China. The inapplicability of the classical Monin‐Obukhov similarity theory and the uncertainty of the planetary boundary layer height can lead to large deviation of turbulent diffusion in the SBL in numerical simulations. However, in current mesoscale models, no term has been used to accurately describe the turbulent diffusion of aerosols. Therefore, we use the Mixing‐Length theory to obtain the turbulent diffusion term of aerosols based on high‐resolution observational data, and, for the first time, embed this term into a mesoscale model, which makes the turbulent diffusion process of aerosols more truly depicted. Results from a two‐way coupled atmospheric‐chemistry mesoscale model demonstrate that the turbulent diffusion term of aerosols can improve the problem of overestimated PM2.5 concentration in Eastern China.
The Fake News about Fake News

It is widely believed that we are facing a problem, caused by something called ‘fake news’. Governments and other powerful institutions around the world have adopted a variety of measures to restrict the reporting and dissemination of claims they deem to be fake news. Many of these measures are clear breaches of fundamental rights, including freedom of speech and freedom of the press. This chapter arsgues that, contrary to common opinion, there is no new or growing problem of fake news. There is instead a new and growing problem caused by the term ‘fake news’. Although this term has no fixed meaning it does have a fixed function. It functions to restrict permissible public speech and opinion in ways that serve the interests of powerful people and institutions.
Effects of smartphone-based collaborative vlog projects on EFL learners’ speaking performance and learning engagement

This study examined how smartphone-based collaborative video projects influenced English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ speaking performance and learning engagement using blended learning in China. The collaborative video projects helped students engage in two smartphone-based video filming tasks to combine language learning with real-life experiences simultaneously. A total of 65 college students used smartphones to participate in 3-minute collaborative video tasks that were related to the learning context of the classroom textbook. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected during this 8-week intervention. This included pretest and post-test speaking scores, a questionnaire on group collaboration, students’ final reflections and focus group interviews. A paired-sample t test, descriptive analysis and qualitative content analysis were used to analyse the data. The results indicate that students’ speaking abilities were significantly improved at the end of the intervention. They enjoyed group collaboration in the video projects and appreciated acquiring digital media production skills. Interview results highlight the opportunities for and challenges of the educational application of video projects in EFL classrooms.
Attacks and Preventive Measures on Video Surveillance Systems: A Review

Video surveillance systems are widely deployed with large systems for use in strategic places such as home security, public transportation, banks, ATM centers, city centers, airports, and public roads, and play a vital role in protecting critical infrastructures. As various attacks are possible in these systems, identifying attacks and considering suitable security measures are essential. In this paper, we present a detailed review of existing and possible threats in video surveillance, CCTV, and IP-camera systems. This provides insight for the better identification of the security risks associated with the design and deployment of these systems and promotes further research in this emerging field. We also present countermeasures to prevent and protect the surveillance systems from various security attacks.