Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Opioid treatment at release from jail using extended-release naltrexone: a pilot proof-of-concept randomized effectiveness trial.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Relapse to addiction following incarceration is common. We estimated the feasibility and effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) as relapse prevention among opioid-dependent male adults leaving a large urban jail. DESIGN Eight-week, proof-of-concept, open-label, non-blinded randomized effectiveness trial. SETTING New York City jails and Bellevue Hospital Center Adult Primary Care clinics, USA. PARTICIPANTS From January 2010 to July 2013, 34 opioid-dependent adult males with no stated interest in agonist treatments (methadone, buprenorphine) received a counseling and referral intervention and were randomized to XR-NTX (n = 17) versus no medication (n = 17) within one week prior to jail release. INTERVENTION XR-NTX (Vivitrol(®) ; Alkermes Inc.), a long-acting injectable mu opioid receptor antagonist. MEASURES The primary intent-to-treat outcome was post-release opioid relapse at week 4, defined as ≥10 days of opioid misuse by self-report and urine toxicologies. Secondary outcomes were proportion of urine samples negative for opioids and rates of opioid abstinence, intravenous drug use (IVDU), cocaine use, community treatment participation, re-incarceration and overdose. FINDINGS Acceptance of XR-NTX was high; 15 of 17 initiated treatment. Rates of the primary outcome of week 4 opioid relapse were lower among XR-NTX participants: 38 versus 88% [P<0.004; odds ratio (OR) = 0.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.01-0.48]; more XR-NTX urine samples were negative for opioids, 59 versus 29% (P<0.009; OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.4-8.5). There were no significant differences in the remaining secondary outcomes, including rates of IVDU, cocaine use, re-incarceration and overdose. CONCLUSION Extended-release naltrexone is associated with significantly lower rates of opioid relapse among men in the United States following release from jail when compared with a no medication treatment-as-usual condition.
The Heritability of Attitude Toward Economic Risk

Abstract The propensity to take risk underpins a wide variety of decision-making behavior, ranging from common ones such as asking for directions and trying out a new restaurant to more substantial economic decisions involving, for instance, one's investment or career. Despite the fundamental role of risk attitude in the economy, its genetic basis remains unknown. Using an experimental economics protocol combined with a classical twin strategy, we provide the first direct evidence of the heritability of economic risk attitude, at 57%. We do not find a significant role for shared environmental effects, a common observation in behavioral genetics that is contrary to commonly held views in economics. Our findings complement recent neuroeconomic studies in enhancing the understanding of the neurobiological basis of risk taking.
How sensitive to clinical change are ETDRS logMAR visual acuity measurements?

PURPOSE To determine the sensitivity to change and specificity achieved when published test-retest variability (TRV) data are used to determine whether measured changes in ETDRS logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity reflect true clinical change or are attributable to measurement error alone. METHODS Various degrees of change in visual acuity were simulated in a group of normal subjects by adjusting test difficulty through manipulation of viewing distance. Sensitivity to simulated change and specificity were determined with change criteria derived from published Bland-Altman 95% ranges for TRV. RESULTS The relationship between viewing distance and measured acuity was as predicted theoretically. Simulated acuity change of 0.2 logMAR (two lines of letters) or greater can be reliably distinguished from no change (both sensitivity and specificity >95%) with the ETDRS chart, but a change of 0.1 logMAR or less cannot. CONCLUSIONS The use of 95% ranges for TRV to establish the smallest measured visual acuity change that can be reliably detected ensures a high specificity but does not take account of sensitivity. Use of change criteria derived from published 95% ranges results in a sensitivity of approximately 50% (assuming identical levels of TRV). Sensitivity may be improved by using a change criterion that is smaller than the minimum change sought, providing the change criterion is still at least as large as the 95% range for TRV, so that specificity is maintained. Reducing TRV allows smaller changes in acuity to be reliably detected.
γ-Secretase Exists on the Plasma Membrane as an Intact Complex That Accepts Substrates and Effects Intramembrane Cleavage*

Research on Alzheimer's disease led to the identification of a novel proteolytic mechanism in all metazoans, the presenilin/γ-secretase complex. This unique intramembrane-cleaving aspartyl protease is required for the normal processing of Notch, Jagged, β-amyloid precursor protein (APP), E-cadherin, and many other receptor-like proteins. We recently provided indirect evidence of γ-secretase activity at the cell surface in HeLa cells following inhibition of receptor-mediated endocytosis. Here, we directly identify and isolate γ-secretase as an intact complex (Presenilin, Nicastrin, Aph-1, and Pen-2) from the plasma membrane, both in overexpressing cell lines and endogenously. Inhibition of its proteolytic activity allowed cell surface γ-secretase to be captured in association with its plasma membrane-localized APP substrates (C83 and C99). Moreover, non-denaturing isolation of the intact enzyme complex revealed that cell surface γ-secretase can specifically generate amyloid β-protein from an APP substrate and similarly cleave a Notch substrate. These data directly establish the proteolytic function of γ-secretase on the plasma membrane, independent of a hypothesized substrate trafficking role. We conclude that presenilin/γ-secretase exists as a mature complex at the cell surface, where it interacts with and can cleave its substrates, consistent with an essential function in processing many adhesion molecules and receptors required for cell-cell interaction or intercellular signaling.
Defective One- or Two-electron Reduction of the Anticancer Anthracycline Epirubicin in Human Heart

One-electron quinone reduction and two-electron carbonyl reduction convert the anticancer anthracycline doxorubicin to reactive oxygen species (ROS) or a secondary alcohol metabolite that contributes to inducing a severe form of cardiotoxicity. The closely related analogue epirubicin induces less cardiotoxicity, but the determinants of its different behavior have not been elucidated. We developed a translational model of the human heart and characterized whether epirubicin exhibited a defective conversion to ROS and secondary alcohol metabolites. Small myocardial samples from cardiac surgery patients were reconstituted in plasma that contained clinically relevant concentrations of doxorubicin or epirubicin. In this model only doxorubicin formed ROS, as detected by fluorescent probes or aconitase inactivation. Experiments with cell-free systems and confocal laser scanning microscopy studies of H9c2 cardiomyocytes suggested that epirubicin could not form ROS because of its protonation-dependent sequestration in cytoplasmic acidic organelles and the consequent limited localization to mitochondrial one-electron quinone reductases. Accordingly, blocking the protonation-sequestration mechanism with the vacuolar H+-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1 relocalized epirubicin to mitochondria and increased its conversion to ROS in human myocardial samples. Epirubicin also formed ∼60% less alcohol metabolites than doxorubicin, but this was caused primarily by its higher Km and lower Vmax values for two-electron carbonyl reduction by aldo/keto-reductases of human cardiac cytosol. Thus, vesicular sequestration and impaired efficiency of electron addition have separate roles in determining a defective bioactivation of epirubicin to ROS or secondary alcohol metabolites in the human heart. These results uncover the molecular determinants of the reduced cardiotoxicity of epirubicin and serve mechanism-based guidelines to improving antitumor therapies.
Deregulation of the c-myc oncogene in virus-induced thymic lymphomas of AKR/J mice

A high frequency (greater than or equal to 65%) of thymomas induced by mink cell focus-forming virus 69L1 in AKR/J mice contain proviral integrations which are clustered 0.7-kilobase upstream of the c-myc oncogene predominantly in the opposite transcriptional orientation. Blot hybridization experiments showed that on the average there was only a twofold elevation of steady-state c-myc RNA in the thymomas as compared with levels in normal AKR/J thymocytes. Such an increase would not appear to be sufficient as a mechanism of oncogene activation in this system. In contrast, S1 nuclease analysis of transcripts initiated from the two known c-myc promoters indicated a strong shift in promoter usage in virtually all thymomas tested. In normal thymus the ratio of transcripts initiated from the proximal promoter P1 to the distal promoter P2 was 0.2 to 0.3. In contrast, most of the thymomas tested (18 of 23) showed an average P1/P2 ratio of 1.2 regardless of whether or not proviral integrations could be detected within a 21-kilobase EcoRI fragment containing the three c-myc exons. We conclude that alterations in P1/P2 ratios are good indicators of c-myc deregulation in thymic lymphomas.
Stress and sleep : predictors of failure to recover

Delayed recovery after cardiovascular response to a stressor is currently being recognized as a marker and likely contributing factor in the development of cardiovascular disease. Interestingly, the psychological variables that predict delayed recovery appear similar to those associated with poor sleep quality. As such, poor sleep may be another index of delayed recovery. This study attempted to expound the relationship between psychological predictors of recovery and sleep and determine whether these outcomes do indeed share common predictors. Sleep quality is defined as total sleep time determined by actigraph measurements. One hundred and thirty six participants were subjected to a mental stress task coupled with harassment after which speed of recovery was assessed. In these same individuals, sleep quality data for the night following the lab stress procedure were collected. Results were not in support of our overall hypothesis. Slower rates of recovery were associated with caffeine consumption prior to experiment time, as well as anger rumination, however, with identifiable gender effects, while total sleep time was predicted by hostility in the overall sample and by higher rates of worry in male participants.
Equivalent Capacity and Its Application to Bandwidth Allocation in High-Speed Networks

The authors propose a computationally simple approximate expression for the equivalent capacity or bandwidth requirement of both individual and multiplexed connections, based on their statistical characteristics and the desired grade-of-service (GOS). The purpose of such an expression is to provide a unified metric to represent the effective bandwidth used by connections and the corresponding effective load of network links. These link metrics can then be used for efficient bandwidth management, routing, and call control procedures aimed at optimizing network usage. While the methodology proposed can provide an exact approach to the computation of the equivalent capacity, the associated complexity makes it infeasible for real-time network traffic control applications. Hence, an approximation is required. The validity of the approximation developed is verified by comparison to both exact computations and simulation results. >
Human p53 cellular tumor antigen: cDNA sequence and expression in COS cells.

A 2.5‐kb cDNA clone for human p53 tumor antigen has been isolated. This clone contains the entire coding region including 135 bp upstream of the first ATG. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of human p53 and mouse p53 demonstrates that the first ATG in human p53 corresponds to the second ATG (codon No. 4) in mouse p53. The human p53 comprises 393 residues and is longer than the mouse p53 due to six additional codons present at the region corresponding to exon 4 of the mouse p53 gene. The DNA sequence homology between the coding regions of mouse and human p53 is 81% and the conservation of homology is not equally distributed along the molecule. When inserted into SV40‐based expression vectors the human p53 cDNA successfully directs the production of a polypeptide with an apparent mol. wt. of 55 kd which can be precipitated by monoclonal antibodies to p53.
Conversion to sirolimus: A useful strategy for recalcitrant cutaneous viral warts in liver transplant recipient

Dermatological complications following transplantation are very common and the majority of immunosuppressed transplant recipients develop some to many warts due to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In the setting of immunosuppression, therapeutic management may be disappointing because of the extent of the lesions in patients unable to develop a sufficient immune response directed against HPV. We report here a case of a young liver transplant recipient who developed diffuse recalcitrant HPV‐induced warts leading to an impairment of her quality of life. Taking into account the antiproliferative and cytostatic properties of the target‐of‐rapamycin (TOR) inhibitors, a new class of immunosuppressive drug, we significantly modified the immunosuppressive regimen. Conversion to sirolimus was followed by a rapid improvement of cutaneous state suggesting that this strategy may be useful for recalcitrant cutaneous viral warts in transplant recipient. Liver Transpl 12: 1883–1887, 2006. © 2006 AASLD.
Look into my eyes: Gaze direction and person memory

The current research considered the effects of gaze direction on a fundamental aspect of social cogition: person memory. It was anticipated that a person's direction of gaze (i.e., direct or averted) would impact his or her subsequent memorability, such that recognition would be enhanced for targets previously displaying direct gaze. In Experiment 1, participants were presented with faces displaying either direct or averted gaze in a person‐classification (i.e., conceptual) task. Then, in a surprise memory test, they were required to report whether a presented face had been seen before. As expected, a recognition advantage was observed for targets displaying direct gaze during the initial classification task. This finding was replicated and extended in a second experiment in which participants initially reported the spatial location (i.e., perceptual task) of each face. We consider the implications of these findings for basic aspects of social‐cognitive functioning and person perception.
Comparisons among survey methodologies to test for abundance and size of a highly targeted fish species.

Three sampling methods for estimating abundance and size of blue cod Parapercis colias were compared inside and outside Kapiti Marine Reserve, New Zealand (40° 49' 31·77('') S; 174° 55' 02·87('') E). Two baited methods, baited underwater video (BUV) and experimental angling (EA), were more efficient and had lower levels of estimate variation than diver-based underwater visual census (UVC). The BUV and EA recorded more fish and of greater size ranges than UVC, and also had fewer zero count replicates. The BUV and EA methodologies revealed highly significant differences in abundance and size of fish between sites (reserve v. non-reserve), whereas UVC revealed no such differences. These results indicate that BUV is likely to be the most accurate, cost-effective and easy to use methodology for the surveying of carnivorous temperate reef fishes for future monitoring. It is noted, however, that new data acquired using the BUV methodology may need to be compared over a calibration period to data acquired using the UVC methodology to ensure that historical data sets derived from UVC still have validity and application for future monitoring activity.
Robust and Adaptive Object Tracking via Correspondence Clustering

SUMMARY We propose a new visual tracking method, where the target appearance is represented by combining color distribution and key-points. Firstly, the object is localized via a keypoint-based tracking and matching strategy, where a new clustering method is presented to remove outliers. Secondly, the tracking conﬁdence is evaluated by the color template. According to the tracking conﬁdence, the local and global keypoints matching can be performed adaptively. Finally, we propose a target appearance update method in which the new appearance can be learned and added to the target model. The proposed tracker is compared with ﬁve state-of-the-art tracking methods on a recent benchmark dataset. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations show that our method has favorable performance.
Muscle mechano growth factor is preferentially induced by growth hormone in growth hormone‐deficient lit/lit mice

Two muscle insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) mRNA splice variants (IGF‐IEa and IGF‐IEb) have been identified in rodents. IGF‐IEb, also called mechano growth factor (MGF) has been found to be upregulated by exercise or muscle damage. Growth hormone (GH) is the principal regulator of IGF‐I expression in several tissues including skeletal muscle. Therefore, we investigated the effect of chronic GH excess or disruption of GH receptor (GHR) signalling, and the acute effect of GH administration on expression of muscle IGF‐I isoforms using transgenic mice that express bovine GH (bGH), GHR gene‐disrupted (GHR–/–) mice and GH‐deficient lit/lit mice before and after exogenous GH administration. MGF mRNA in skeletal muscle was increased in bGH mice whereas it was decreased in GHR–/– mice compared with control animals. Exogenous GH administration to dwarf lit/lit mice significantly increased muscle MGF but not IGF‐IEa mRNA 4 h after treatment. Twelve hours after GH treatment, both MGF and IGF‐IEa mRNAs in muscle were increased compared with vehicle‐treated lit/lit mice. In contrast in GH‐sufficient lit/+ mice, both MGF and IGF‐IEa mRNAs were increased 4 h after and returned to the basal level 12 h after GH treatment. Hepatic IGF‐I isoforms were regulated in parallel by GH. Thus, our results demonstrated that: (1) MGF mRNA in skeletal muscle is expressed in parallel with GH action; (2) MGF mRNA in muscle is produced preferentially in the situation of GH deficiency in contrast to the pattern in the GH‐sufficient state; and (3) the induction of IGF‐I isoforms by GH is tissue‐specific.
Örgütsel Etik İklimin Örgütsel Bağlılık Üzerindeki Etkisi

Bu calismanin amaci, imalat sanayi sektorunde faaliyet gosteren buyuk olcekli mobilya isletmelerinin orgutsel etik iklimlerinin, bu isletmelerde calisanlarin orgutsel bagliliklari uzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymaktir. Arastirmanin calisma evreni Kayseri’deki buyuk olcekli mobilya sanayi isletmeleridir. Arastirmada kullanilan veriler, 9 isletmeden toplam 8771 calisan arasindan, 409 kisilik bir orneklem olusturmak yoluyla elde edilmistir. Arastirmada, orgutsel etik iklim degiskeni icin faktor analizi uygulanmistir. Faktor analizine gore orgutsel etik iklim boyutlarindan; arkadaslik boyutu ile takim cikari boyutu birleserek bir tek faktor olusturmustur. Arastirmada toplam 24 hipotezden 13‘u kabul edilmistir. Yasa ve meslek ahlâki kodlari, arkadaslik/takim cikari, firma kurallari ve prosedurleri, kisisel ahlâklilik orgutsel etik iklimlerinin, orgutsel baglilik boyutlarindan; duygusal, normatif ve devam orgutsel bagliligi uzerinde pozitif etkisine iliskin hipotezler kabul edilmistir. Bulgulara gore yasa ve meslek ahlaki kodlari etik iklimi ile arkadaslik/takim cikari iklim turleri orgutsel baglilik boyutlari uzerinde en yuksek etkisi olan orgutsel etik iklimlerdir. Kisisel cikar orgutsel etik ikliminin duygusal orgutsel baglilik uzerinde olumsuz etkisi bulgulanmis ve ilgili hipotez kabul edilmistir. Bulgulara gore, orgutsel baglilik boyutlari uzerinde orgutsel etik iklim turlerinden; sosyal sorumluluk etik iklim turunun olumlu, firma cikari orgutsel etik iklim turunun olumsuz etkisi istatistiksel olarak anlamli degildir. Verimlilik orgutsel etik ikliminin ise orgutsel baglilik boyutlarinin tumu uzerinde olumlu etkiye sahip oldugu bulgulanmistir
Increased nitric oxide in exhaled gas as an early marker of lung inflammation in a model of sepsis.

Nitric Oxide (NO) has been implicated in the pathologic vasodilation of sepsis. Because NO can be measured in the exhaled gas of animals and humans, we hypothesized that increases in exhaled NO would occur in a septic model. Using a blinded design, 10 male Sprague-Dawley rats (300 to 400 g) were anesthetized, paralyzed, tracheotomized, and randomized (5/group) to receive an intravenous injection of either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Salmonella typhosa, 20 mg/kg) or placebo (equal volume of saline). Thereafter, exhaled gas was collected and measurements of NO concentration were made using chemiluminescence every 20 min for 300 min during ventilation (RR 40 breaths/min, VT 3 ml; PEEP 0, FIO2 0.21). Another group of 10 animals (5 LPS; 5 control) were treated in the same fashion and then killed at 240 min and an arterial blood sample obtained for blood gas and TNF alpha determinations. Pressure volume (PV) curves were constructed and lungs removed, preserved, and submitted for histologic evaluation. LPS-treated rats had lower mean arterial pressures than the control group, p < 0.0001. No significant differences in static lung compliance and PV curves were found in the two groups. TNF alpha levels were greater in the LPS group (1.40 +/- 0.24 ng/ml) versus control group (0.09 +/- 0.04 ng/ml), p < 0.001. By contrast to the control group, exhaled NO concentration rose in all LPS-treated rats at approximately 100 min and at about 160 min reached a plateau that was 6 times greater than control levels (p < 0.0001). There was greater interstitial, airspace, and total lung injury in the LPS group (p = 0.01). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The fission yeast Chs2 protein interacts with the type-II myosin Myo3p and is required for the integrity of the actomyosin ring

In Schizosaccharomyces pombe cytokinesis requires the function of a contractile actomyosin ring. Fission yeast Chs2p is a transmembrane protein structurally similar to chitin synthases that lacks such enzymatic activity. Chs2p localisation and assembly into a ring that contracts during division requires the general system for polarised secretion, some components of the actomyosin ring, and an active septation initiation network. Chs2p interacts physically with the type-II myosin Myo3p revealing a physical link between the plasma membrane and the ring. In chs2Δ mutants, actomyosin ring integrity is compromised during the last stages of contraction and it remains longer in the midzone. In synchronous cultures, chs2Δ cells exhibit a delay in septation with respect to the control strain. All these results show that Chs2p participates in the correct functioning of the medial ring.