Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Original Article Neuregulin 1 is required for the development of enteric neurons and vagus in zebrafish

* Equal contributors. Received November 15, 2015; Accepted January 10, 2016; Epub February 1, 2016; Published February 15, 2016 Abstract: Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a congenital malformation of the colon characterised by the absence of enteric ganglion in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses. Recently genome-wide association studies have identified that neuregulin 1 (nrg1) gene might be a susceptibility locus for HSCR. This study aimed to investigate whether nrg1 is involved in the development of the enteric nervous system. By in situ hybridization, we revealed that nrg1 was mainly expressed in the mucous layer of the adult zebrafish gut. After been injected with nrg1 morpholino antisense oligonucleotides, zebrafish embryos showed delayed hatching, small head, pericardial edema, shortened- twisted trunk, and impaired motor ability. Some of these defects could be partially ameliorated by the injection of nrg1 mRNA. Further, we observed that knock down of nrg1 resulted in reduced number of enteric neurons (29.5 ± 5.8 vs 51.5 ± 8.3, P<0.01) and aganglionosis (an HSCR-like phenotype), and also affected the development of the vagal innervation of the gut. Taken together, our findings indicated that nrg1 played a critical role in the development of the enteric neurons as well as vagus nerve. Therefore, this work provides an evidence of nrg1 in the pathogenesis of HSCR.
The effects of hemodynamics on the inner layers of the aortic wall in patients with a bicuspid aortic valve

Background: A bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiac malformation and is associated with ascending aortic dilation in 60-80% of patients. Structural differences in aortic wall architecture have been noted between patients with BAV and a tricuspid aortic valve (TAV). The purpose of this study was to analyse a possible correlation between hemodynamics and vessel wall structure in aortopathy in BAV patients. Methods: BAV (n=36) and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) (n=17) patients undergoing aortic valve replacement underwent pre-operative flow MRI assessment to detect the area of maximal flow-induced stress in the proximal aorta. Based on these MRI data paired aortic wall samples (i.e. area of maximal jet impact (jet sample) and the opposite aortic wall (non-jet sample)) were collected during surgery. The jet and non-jet sample were graded for seven histopathologic features, referred to as pathology score. Results: Comparing the jet and non-jet samples in both BAV and TAV, regions of maximal jet impact did not show any difference in the pathology score in the adventitia, middle and outer media even if corrected for aortic stenosis/ regurgitation, aortic dilation and raphe position. In the jet samples, the inner media however showed loss of actin expression in both BAV (p<0.0001) and the TAV (p=0.0074) and the intima thickness was significantly enlarged in both patient groups (BAV p=0,0005, TAV p=0,0041). Conclusions: On the jet side an activation of the inner layers of the aortic wall is seen in all patients of both BAV and TAV groups.
A computational model of object affordances

The concept of object affordances describes the possible ways whereby an agent (either biological or artificial) can act upon an object. By observing the effects of actions on objects with certain properties, the agent can acquire an internal representation of the way the world functions with respect to its own motor and perceptual skills. Thus, affordances encode knowledge about the relationships between action and effects lying at the core of high-level cognitive skills such as planning, recognition, prediction and imitation. Humans learn and exploit object affordances through their entire lifespan, by either autonomous exploration of the world or social interaction. Building on a biological motivation and aiming at the development of adaptive robotic systems, we propose a computational model capable of encoding object affordances during exploratory learning trials. We represent this knowledge as a Bayesian network and rely on statistical learning and inference methods to generate and explore the network, efficiently dealing with uncertainty, redundancy and irrelevant information. The affordance model serves as base for an imitation learning framework, which exploits the recognition and planning capabilities to learn new tasks from demonstrations. We show the application of our model in a real-world task in which a humanoid robot interacts with objects, uses the acquired knowledge and learns from demonstrations. Results illustrate the success of our approach in learning object affordances and generating complex cognitive behavior.
126 CLINICAL COURSE AND CELLULAR PATHOLOGY OF TARDIVE DYSKINESIA

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is an iatrogenic human hyperkinetic movement disorder associated with chronic antipsychotic drug treatment. The cause of the syndrome, namely, chronic dopamine-receptor blockade, is specifically known and is straightforward to model. Thus, disease pathophysiology has been approached with surrogate preparations. Traditionally, factors mediating TD have been sought in striatal dopaminergic transmission. However, several incompatibilities have developed between the characteristics of the dopaminergic model and the presentation of the disorder (10). -aminobutyric acid (GABA)–ergic transmission within the basal ganglia has also been targeted as the putative pathophysiologic agent in TD. Here, although biochemical characteristics between the model and the disease have appeared compatible, therapeutic implications have not been fully met, possibly because of inadequate pharmacologic tools (10). Research has suggested that both these transmitter alterations, dopaminergic and GABAergic, may reflect an action of antipsychotic drugs on neuronal activity within the basal ganglia thalamocortical motor circuit. Clinically, antipsychotic drug action overall tends to normalize mental status in psychosis and produces symptom remission in diverse psychotic illnesses, including schizophrenia, bipolar disease, and dementia (8); parkinsonism characteristically occurs with traditional antipsychotics as a major side effect (42). On a cellular basis, gradual alterations produced by these drugs over time, within selected subcortical brain regions and at selected synapses of this circuit, likely result in TD. The mechanism of all these clinical actions is thought to begin with dopamine-receptor blockade, but thereafter it is critically mediated by altered neuronal activity (including
Forensic Accounting Knowledge and Mindset on Task Performance Fraud Risk Assessment

The paper investigates the relationship between knowledge (KR) and mindset (MR) on task performance fraud risk assessment (TPFRA) of forensic accountant and auditor in the public sector environment. It also examines the claim that forensic accountants possess higher level of KR, MR and TPFRA than auditors. The study design is cross-sectional. Survey questionnaire is used. The 300 respondents are real professional people (i.e. auditors and accountants in the Nigerian public sector) as true representatives to enhance the generalisation of the outcomes. PLS-SEM and IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 were used as the primary statistical analysis tools for the study. The results of the present study confirm the positive relationship of KR and MR on TPFRA. Specifically, the results revealed that forensic accountants have higher levels of KR, MR and TPFRA than auditors in the areas of fraud prevention/deterrent, detection and response. Because of the adoption of cross-sectional design in which data are collected at one point of time, there is no time to wait for different follow-up stages or interventions before data analysis. Researchers are encouraged to use longitudinal design to explore interactions between KR, MR and TPFRA. This empirical study has revealed the value of KR and MR (forensic accountant and auditor) as a significant capability requirement in the workplace. Since no nation is immune to fraud and as loss due to fraud is costly, the result of this research will improve the corporate governance and accountability practices among public sector accountants and auditors.
Adaptive Runge–Kutta discontinuous Galerkin method for complex geometry problems on Cartesian grid

A Cartesian grid method using immersed boundary technique to simulate the impact of body in fluid has become an important research topic in computational fluid dynamics because of its simplification, automation of grid generation, and accuracy of results. In the frame of Cartesian grid, one often uses finite volume method with second order accuracy or finite difference method. In this paper, an h‐adaptive Runge–Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) method on Cartesian grid with ghost cell immersed boundary method for arbitrarily complex geometries is developed. A ghost cell immersed boundary treatment with the modification of normal velocity is presented. The method is validated versus well documented test problems involving both steady and unsteady compressible flows through complex bodies over a wide range of Mach numbers. The numerical results show that the present boundary treatment to some extent reduces the error of entropy and demonstrate the efficiency, robustness, and versatility of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ELECTRODERMAL ACTIVITY ( EDA ) BASED WEARABLE DEVICE FOR QUNATIFYING NORMAL AND ABNORMAL EMOTIONS IN HUMANS

Emotion recognition through physiological recording is an emerging field of research with many promising results. This work is involved in the construction of a device used to identify basic human emotions indexed by Electrodermal Activity (EDA) in real time; using non-invasive sensors in contact with the skin. The device measures changes in Skin Conductance Level (SCL) caused due to stimulating signals from brain which results from sympathetic neural activity using Ag/AgCl electrodes placed on the ventral side of the distal forearm to evaluate the emotions of the user outside the constrained laboratory environment without interrupting the normal daily routine. The device consists of an embedded system for EDA signal acquisition and a wireless communication module to send processed EDA signals to a remote system. A vibrator attached to the device is used to provide user feedback.
Smart Secure System Using Parallel AES

Today, computer networks are becoming more important for exchanging information. One of the most important requirements of these networks is to provide secure transmission of information from one place to another. Cryptography is one of the techniques which provide the most secure way to transfer the sensitive information from sender to intended receiver. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm is one of the most important cryptography algorithms for hiding the sensitive information, but AES algorithm has many performance limitations such as memory requirement and execution time. One of the solutions to reduce the execution time of AES algorithm is by using parallel computation. Our application is to store confidential files in an encrypted format in our storage devices. This will give us security to carry any documents without worry. The application will read a file, encrypt and store it back into the file system by over writing the file. To encrypt the file content we will use the parallel AES algorithm.
The Effect of Thermacare Heat Wraps on Balance and Mobility in Seniors with Impaired Gait - A Cross Over Study

To examine if the use of heat at home can result in better quality and safer mobility in the elderly with gait and balance impairments. Setting: Randomized longitudinal cross over study design in a clinical setting. Methods: 20 people with impaired mobility (assessed as a score of more than 4 on the Stepping On questionnaire) were tested with a multi-camera gait analysis system, a treadmill with pressure sensors, a balance platform and the timed up and go and walking speed tests before and after using ThermaCare continuous heat wraps on their legs and knees for 6 days at 4 hours per day. The loss in mobility could not be due to pain killers or other drugs that reduced mobility. Results: Muscle tremor was reduced, mobility of the joints was improved, balance was significantly improved, and gait was improved after 6 sessions of heat application on the legs. As per the literature, this should reduce the chance of falls in this population. Conclusion: Using continuous heat wraps may be an important adjunct for improving gait in the elderly with gait impairments.
7 Optimal Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers Design

Due to their resistant manufacturing features and design flexibility, shell and tube heat exchangers are the most used heat transfer equipment in industrial processes. They are also easy adaptable to operational conditions. In this way, the design of shell and tube heat exchangers is a very important subject in industrial processes. Nevertheless, some difficulties are found, especially in the shell-side design, because of the complex characteristics of heat transfer and pressure drop. Figure 1 shows an example of this kind of equipment. In designing shell and tube heat exchangers, to calculate the heat exchange area, some methods were proposed in the literature. Bell-Delaware is the most complete shell and tube heat exchanger design method. It is based on mechanical shell side details and presents more realistic and accurate results for the shell side film heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop. Figure 2 presents the method flow model, that considers different streams: leakages between tubes and baffles, bypass of the tube bundle without cross flow, leakages between shell and baffles, leakages due to more than one tube passes and the main stream, and tube bundle cross flow. These streams do not occur in so well defined regions, but interacts ones to others, needing a complex mathematical treatment to represent the real shell side flow. In the majority of published papers as well as in industrial applications, heat transfer coefficients are estimated, based, generally on literature tables. These values have always a large degree of uncertainty. So, more realistic values can be obtained if these coefficients are not estimated, but calculated during the design task. A few number of papers present shell and tube heat exchanger design including overall heat transfer coefficient calculations (Polley et al., 1990, Polley and Panjeh Shah, 1991, Jegede and Polley, 1992, and Panjeh Shah, 1992, Ravagnani, 1994, Ravagnani et al. (2003), Mizutani et al., 2003, Serna and Jimenez, 2004, Ravagnani and Caballero, 2007a, and Ravagnani et al., 2009). In this chapter, the work of Ravagnani (1994) will be used as a base to the design of the shell and tube heat exchangers. A systematic procedure was developed using the Bell-Delaware method. Overall and individual heat transfer coefficients are calculated based on a TEMA (TEMA, 1998) tube counting table, as proposed in Ravagnani et al. (2009), beginning with the smallest heat exchanger with the biggest number of tube passes, to use all the pressure drop
Mineral magnetism of dusty olivine: A credible recorder of pre‐accretionary remanence

The magnetic properties of olivine‐hosted Fe‐Ni particles have been studied to assess the potential of “dusty olivine” to retain a pre‐accretionary remanence in chondritic meteorites. Both body‐centered (bcc) and face‐centered cubic (fcc) Fe‐Ni phases were formed by reduction of a terrestrial olivine precursor. The presence of Ni complicates the magnetic properties during heating and cooling due to the fcc‐bcc martensitic transition. First‐order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams contain a central ridge with a broad coercivity distribution extending to 600 mT, attributed to non‐interacting single‐domain (SD) particles, and a “butterfly” structure extending to 250 mT, attributed to single‐vortex (SV) states. SD and SV states were imaged directly using electron holography. The location of the SD/SV boundary is broadly consistent with theoretical predictions. A method to measure the volume of individual SD particles using electron holography is presented. Combining the volume information with constraints on coercivity, we calculate the thermal relaxation characteristics of the particles and demonstrate that the high‐coercivity component of remanance would remain stable for 4.6 Ga, even at temperatures approaching the Curie temperature of pure Fe. The high coercivity of the particles, together with the chemical protection offered by the surrounding olivine, is likely to make them resistant to shock remagnetization, isothermal remagnetization and terrestrial weathering, making dusty olivine a credible recorder of pre‐accretionary magnetic fields.
LOCAL AND LANDSCAPE-LEVEL FACTORS INFLUENCING BLACK TERN HABITAT SUITABILITY

Wetlands throughout eastern South Dakota were surveyed (1995-97) for foraging and nesting black terns (Chlidonias niger) to evaluate local and landscape factors influencing habitat suitability We surveyed 834 randomly selected, semipermanent, and seasonal wetlands that were stratified by physiographic domain, wet- land density, and wetland surface area. A discriminant function model was used in a geographic information system (GIS) to classify habitat suitability of all semipermanent wetlands in eastern South Dakota. We calcu- lated number of suitable, protected wetlands by combining wetlands with easement and fee-title tracts in the GIS. Black terns nested in 7.8% and foraged in an additional 17.9% of semipermanent wetlands. Significant variables in the discriminant function were wetland area, total semipermanent wetland area within the wetland complex, and grassland area in the upland matrix. Black terns were an area-dependent species that occupied large (f = 18.9 ha) wetlands located within high-density wetland complexes. Black terns typically occurred in wetlands within landscapes where <50% of upland grasslands were tilled. Classification rates were high (76- 100%), indicating that the model identified unsuitable wetlands using wetland area and landscape-level attri- butes. Characteristics of entire landscapes must be considered in habitat assessments because wetlands that do not correspond to landscape-scale habitat requirements may not be suitable despite favorable local condi- tions. Lower correct classification rates (22-78%) for occupied ponds indicated that suitability also is dependent on local conditions for wetlands which correspond to habitat requirements from a landscape perspective. Suitable black tern nest sites occurred within regenerating or degenerating wetlands where vegetation structure rather than species of vegetation dictated suitability of nest substrates. Wetland acquisition programs have protected 44% of wetlands suitable for black terns. Future wetland acquisitions should maintain the integrity of entire prairie landscapes in additional to attributes of individual wetlands.
Scattering states from time-dependent density functional theory

OF THE DISSERTATION Scattering states from Time-dependent Density Functional Theory by Adam Wasserman Dissertation Director: Prof. Kieron Burke Linear response time-dependent density functional theory is used to study lowenergy elastic electron scattering from targets that can bind an extra electron. Exact formulas to extract scattering amplitudes from the susceptibility are derived in one dimension. A single-pole approximation for scattering phase shifts in three dimensions is derived, and shown to be more accurate than static exchange for singlet electron-He scattering. A novel formula to obtain elastic scattering tmatrix elements is derived for systems with spherical symmetry. It is also shown that despite the incorrect asymptotic behavior of its potential, the time-dependent local density approximation can yield accurate optical spectra. The oscillator strengths of Rydberg excitations appear in the calculated spectrum as continuum contributions with excellent optical intensity. We explain why, illustrate this for the neon and helium atoms, and also discuss when such calculations of the optical response will be inaccurate. Finally, we show how the local density approximation yields accurate Rydberg excitation energies.
A Dual-Band Low-Profile Metasurface-Enabled Wearable Antenna for WLAN Devices

This paper presents a compact, low-profile, wearable dual-band antenna operating in the Wireless WLAN band of 5.15 ∼ 5.25 GHz and 5.72 ∼ 5.83 GHz. The proposed antenna is composed of a planar monopole and underneath three by three array arrangement of Jerusalem Cross (JC) structure metasurface. The simulated results show that the integrated antenna express 4.09% and 4.14% impendence bandwidths, increased gain up to 7.9 dB and 8.2 dB, front to back (FB) ratio achieved to 20 dB and 18 dB at the two frequencies, respectively. The measured results agree well with simulations. In addition, the metasurface not only is equivalent to a ground plane for isolation, but also acts as the main radiator, which enables a great reduction in the specific absorption rate (SAR). Furthermore, because of a compact solution, the proposed integrated antenna can be a promising device for various wearable systems.
Polymer Filtration: A New Technology for Selective Metals Recovery

Polymer Filtration (PF) was evaluated for the recovery of electroplating metal ions (zinc and nickel) from rinse waters. Polymer Filtration combines the use of water-soluble metal-binding polymers and ultrafiltration to concentrate metal ions from dilute rinse water solutions. The metal ions are retained by the polymers; the smaller, unbound species freely pass through the ultrafiltration membrane. By using this process the ultrafiltered permeate more than meets EPA discharge limits. The metal ions are recovered from the concentrated polymer solution by pH adjustment using diafiltration and can be recycled to the original electroplating baths with no deleterious effects on the test panels. Metal-ion recovery is accomplished without producing sludge.
Efficacy Evaluation of Unique Skincare Product Containing Pseudo-Ceramide for Fine Wrinkles in Japanese Female Atopic Dermatitis Patients

Background/Objective: Dryness is considered to be an early developmental mechanism of wrinkles, and fine line formation is marked in atopic dermatitis (AD) accompanied by dry skin. To evaluate the efficacy of a skincare product with a moisturizing effect increased by lamellar formulation of pseudo-ceramide for fine lines and wrinkles, a use test was performed applying the product to non-lesional dry skin in patients with atopic dermatitis. Method: The test product was an essence containing pseudo-ceramide formulated in a lamellar structure. The study design was a nine-week single-center non-comparative study, and the evaluation items were the grade of wrinkles at the corners of the eyes judged by a dermatologist, replica analysis, and instrumental measurement (skin surface moisture and transepidermal water loss). Results: Nine-week continuous use of the test product significantly improved the score of wrinkles at the corners of the eyes judged by a dermatologist and wrinkle area ratio on replica analysis of the corners of the eyes and cheeks, compared with those at study initiation. With this improvement, the losses of skin surface moisture and transepidermal water were also significantly improved. Conclusion: It was clarified that the tested pseudo-ceramide-formulated skincare product not only improved the barrier function for atopic dermatitis, but also exhibited an effect on fine lines and wrinkles of dry skin.