Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Value of Chest Radiography and Electrocardiography in Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Diseases in Pediatrics in Comparison with Echocardiography

Background: Advances in echocardiographic technology have made a revolution in the quality of image and acquisition of data; however, it has also increased the cost of this diagnostic test. Objective: To determine if chest x ray (CXR) and electrocardiography (ECG) are still valuable in evaluation of new patients with heart murmurs in presence of echocardiography (ECHO). Patients and Methods: This was a six month, prospective clinical study undertaken in the Outpatient Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Zagazig University Children Hospital, between April 2018 and October 2018. The study included 44 patients (boys and girls) between the ages of 1 month and 14 years. All cases were subjected to detailed history, full clinical examination and imaging modalities as CXR, ECG and ECHO. Results: The highest accuracy of CXR was detection of right atrium (96.9%) followed by left ventricle (95.1%). The highest accuracy of ECG was detection of right atrium (98.5%) and left ventricle (95.5%). The agreement between CXR and ECHO in detection of pulmonary hypertension was 0.4 while that for ECG was 0.6. The agreement between CXR and ECHO in diagnosis of congenital heart diseases was 0.6 and that for ECG was 0.9. The accuracy of ECG in diagnosis of congenital heart disease was 95.4% while that for CXR was 70.4%. Conclusion: ECG is more accurate than CXR in detection of cardiac chamber enlargement and heart diseases in general but echocardiography still the most accurate method in this regard. The chest radiograph and electrocardiogram had limited values in the diagnosis of pulmonary pressure changes and echocardiography is the method to be used in this regard.
LncRNA gas5 regulates granulosa cell apoptosis and viability following radiation by X-ray through sponging miR-205-5p and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway ingranulosa cell tumor of ovary

Purpose: To investigate the role of lncRNA gas5 in ovarian granulosa cells exposed to x-ray in granulosa cell tumor of ovary (GCTO). Methods: KGN cell line was exposed to X-ray to mimic the radiotherapy for GCSO patients in vitro, cell viability was checked by CCK8 assays. RNA expression of apoptosis-related genes was determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase reaction (qRT-PCR) while Western Blot for biomarkers in wnt/β-catenin signaling. Differential expressions of lncRNA gas5 were examined after cells were exposed to a ray for 0,24,48hs. We over expressed gas5 and assessed resultant cell viability, apoptosis and signaling. The sponging between gas5 and miR-205-5p was verified by luciferase assay. CCK8, qRT-PCR and Western blot were applied to investigate the correlation between miR-205-5p, cell viability, and apoptosis after miR-205-5p augmentation. Similarly, interaction between gas5 and miR-205-5p was assessed after co-transfection of miR-205-5p mimics and oe-gas5. Finally, wnt inhibitor was used to study the role of signaling pathway in KGN cells. Results: Exposure of KGN to x-ray reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis. Gas5showed reduced expression in the cells, while miR-205-5p expression increased. Gas5 upregulation protected the cells against apoptosis and contributed to cell viability and activation of wnt//β-catenin signaling. lncRNA gas5 targeted miR-205-5p and miR-205-5p mimics counteracted the functions of up-regulated lncRNA gas5, regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin suppressed cell viability. Conclusions: lncRNA gas5 regulates cell apoptosis and viability following cellular radiation, thus presenting a potential therapeutic target for the application radiotherapy in GCTO patients. Keywords: Ovary, Proliferation, Apoptosis, lncRNA gas5, Radiotherapy, β-catenin signaling
Microenvironment-Driven Cascaded Responsive Hybrid Carbon Dots as a Multifunctional Theranostic Nanoplatform for Imaging-Traceable Gene Precise Delivery

Imaging-guided stimuli-responsive delivery systems based on nanomaterials for cancer theranostics have been recognized as promising alternatives to traditional therapies in clinic. How to integrate multiple response-mediated nanoproperty (i.e., charge, size, or stability) transitions into a cascaded manner to overcome multistage biological barriers which usually demand different and even opposing nanoproperties in each stage is still a challenge. Herein, a multistage and cascaded responsive theranostic nanoplatform for imaging-traceable TRAIL gene precise delivery was prepared by a cleavable PEGylated shell and a fluorescent carbon dot (CD)-based core. The CDs as the core were prefunctionalized with polyethylenimine end-capped disulfide-bond-bearing hyperbranched poly(amido amine) (HPAP), endowing the CDs with enhanced fluorescent quantum yield (27%), intracellular degradability, and efficient gene delivery capability. The shell was fabricated by dimethylmaleic acid modification of mPEG-PEI600 copolymer a.
A Simple Equation for the Thermal Conductivity of Saturated Vapor Refrigerants

The ability of a material to supply heat by means of conduction is called thermal conductivity, which is defined by Fourier's equation. Thermodynamic data on environmental refrigerants have attracted considerable interest in the design and optimization of refrigeration equipment, such as heat compressors and exchangers. After analysis of statistical effects, a new simple correlation was developed for the thermal conductivity of refrigerants as a function of temperature. An optimization algorithm was used to obtain the constant parameters of the new equation by fitting them to the source databank. The accuracy of the presented equation was compared with commonly used models. Results indicated that the developed model provides more accurate results than those of other considered equations, with an average absolute percentage deviation of 3.46%.
Q UANTIFYING T ASK C OMPLEXITY T HROUGH G ENER - ALIZED I NFORMATION M EASURES

How can we measure the “complexity” of a learning task so that we can compare one task to another? From classical information theory, we know that entropy is a useful measure of the complexity of a random variable and provides a lower bound on the minimum expected number of bits needed for transmitting its state. In this paper, we propose to measure the complexity of a learning task by the minimum expected number of questions that need to be answered to solve the task. For example, the minimum expected number of patches that need to be observed to classify FashionMNIST images. We prove several properties of the proposed complexity measure, including connections with classical entropy and sub-additivity for multiple tasks. As the computation of the minimum expected number of questions is generally intractable, we propose a greedy procedure called “information pursuit” (IP), which selects one question at a time depending on previous questions and their answers. This requires learning a probabilistic generative model relating data and questions to the task, for which we employ variational autoencoders and normalizing flows. We illustrate the usefulness of the proposed measure on various binary image classification tasks using image patches as the query set. Our results indicate that the complexity of a classification task increases as signal-to-noise ratio decreases, and that classification of the KMNIST dataset is more complex than classification of the FashionMNIST dataset. As a byproduct of choosing patches as queries, our approach also provides a principled way of determining which pixels in an image are most informative for a task.
Solvation and solubility effects in lithium-sulfur batteries

The demand for electrochemical storage technology with high energy density increased rapidly in recent years. A major driving force is the electrification of the mobility sector. High expectations rest on the development of beyond Li-Ion battery systems [1]. Especially, lithium-sulfur batteries (Li-S) are believed to be a promising candidate already in the near future. However, degradation mechanisms like the polysulfide shuttle hinder a commercial breakthrough. A thorough understanding of the fundamental processes will be a key factor for future developments and the overall success of Li-S batteries.
A feasibility study of “range-extended” EXAFS measurement at the Pt L3-edge of Pt/Al2O3 in the presence of Au2O3

A feasibility study of a “range-extended” EXAFS measurement was conducted on the Pt L3-edge of Pt/Al2O3 in the presence of Au2O3. The Pt L3-edge EXAFS spectrum of the Pt/Al2O3 sample was successfully obtained without any interference at the Au L3-edge by means of high energy resolution fluorescence detection (HERFD) of the Pt Lα1 line with a Bragg type X-ray emission analyser crystal. A newly observed significant enhancement of the EXAFS oscillation amplitude was discussed on the points of the core-hole lifetime width and X-ray energy width. We also successfully obtained reasonable physical parameters by a conventional EXAFS curve fitting on the HERFD-EXAFS data. The HERFD-EXAFS technique can broaden the scope of application of EXAFS spectroscopy for complicated samples with many different elements.
Provincial Disparities and Structural Unemployment in Canada

We examine Canadian provincial structural unemployment by estimating the unemployment-vacancy relationship (Beveridge curve) for ten provinces and find that from 1988 to 2002 structural unemployment fell primarily in western provinces. A breakdown of the causes of provincial structural unemployment using a SURE estimation reveals that the generosity of the employment insurance is an important variable in the West while the mix of structural variables appear to be important for central and eastern Canada. We are unaware of any other studies evaluating the Beveridge curve at the provincial level for this period which was one of historically high unemployment for Canada.
Cauda Equina Syndrome Full Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy Versus Laminectomy for

Background: Typically, open surgery is advocated for cauda equina patients. The goal of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of full endoscopic lumbar discectomy and laminectomy in the treatment of cauda equina syndrome (CES) caused by lumbar disc herniation. Methods: Forty-three patients with CES either underwent endoscopic or laminectomy surgery from May 2015 to April 2016, and data were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the surgical methods: the endoscopy group (with 21 patients, 14 males and 7 females, and an average age of 42.67 with a standard deviation of 9.70 years) and the laminectomy group (with 22 patients, 16 males and 6 females, and an average age of 44.55 with a standard deviation of 9.36 years). The modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) ‘‘leg-trunk-bladder’’ score was used to assess the efficacy of the respective surgical methods. Results: Analysis showed longer surgery time, more bleeding, and longer hospital stay in the laminectomy group than in the endoscopy group with statistical significance. The postoperative JOA scores improved in both groups when compared with those before the operation, and the differences were statistically significant. There were no significant differences in JOA scores between the 2 groups at preoperation and 6-month and 1-year follow-ups. There was 1 patient in each group whose CES symptoms worsened after endoscopy. However, immediate reoperation resulted in satisfactory outcomes. Conclusions: CES clinical symptom resolution was equal with endoscopy and laminectomy both in short-term and midterm follow-up. However, endoscopic treatment was advantageous by reducing the amount of bleeding, duration of surgery, and hospitalization days when compared to laminectomy.
of Birmingham The electrochemical phase behaviour of chemically asymmetric lipid bilayers supported at Au(111) electrodes

Chemically asymmetric phospholipid bilayers supported on Au(111) surfaces have been studied with differential capacitance and chronocoulometry measurements. The bilayers were prepared using Langmuir-Blodgett deposition, followed by Langmuir-Schaeffer deposition using a different molecule. Combinations of three phospholipids with common hydrocarbon tail groups were compared: dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline (DMPC), dimyristoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (DMPE) and dimyristoyl phosphatidyl serine (DMPS). DMPC and DMPE are zwitterionic and DMPS is anionic in the electrolyte used. The asymmetric bilayers containing DMPS gave distinct electrochemical responses depending on whether the DMPS was deposited first, onto Au, or second, onto another lipid, indicating that asymmetry was maintained over the timescale of the experiment. The results for DMPE and DMPC combinations suggest similar headgroup conformations in the two bilayers. The relationship between the location of the charged molecule and the electrochemical properties is complex but in all cases, DMPS tends to raise bilayer capacitance and DMPE tends to lower capacitance. These observations can be explained by the relatively higher solvation of the charged DMPS molecules and tight packing of DMPE molecules, which leads to exclusion of solvent from the bilayer.
Role of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Hepatic Focal Lesions

Background: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a novel imaging technique with a growing application in oncoimaging. This modality evaluates the diffusion of water molecules in various tissues, which is restricted in hypercellular regions such as malignant tissue. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is a method that can quantify the degree of restriction in tissues and can have diagnostic roles in the characterization of hepatic lesions. Aim of the Work: To study the role of diffusion-weighted MRI sequence with quantitative ADC measurements as a useful tool in the differentiation between benign and malignant liver lesions. Patients and Methods: The current study was carried out on thirty adult patients, 24 males (80%), and 6 females (20%). They were presented to Qena University Hospitals at the Radiodiagnosis Department. Results: Both, qualitative evaluation of high b-value DW-MR images and quantitative evaluation of ADC maps are employed for lesion characterization. The ADC values of benign lesions are significantly higher than those of malignant lesions, with variable degrees of overlap between the pathological entities. Conclusion: DW MR imaging has the potential to be a reasonable alternative technique to contrast-enhanced imaging.
Synthesis of New Indolizidine Derivatives from 1-(2-Quinolyl)-2-propen-1-ol

The four-step procedure involving bromination, reduction, and nucleophilic substitution via elimination/addition previously applied to 1-(2-pyridyl)-2-propen-1-ol for the synthesis of indolizidine systems has now been extended to 1-(2-quinolyl)-2-propen-1-ol allowing a general access to benzo-fused derivatives. For instance, (±)-benzo[e]lentiginosine has been easily synthesized in an 18% overall yield.
Subjective Quality Database and Objective Study of Compressed Point Clouds With 6DoF Head-Mounted Display

In this paper, we focus on subjective and objective Point Cloud Quality Assessment (PCQA) in an immersive environment and study the effect of geometry and texture attributes in compression distortion. Using a Head-Mounted Display (HMD) with six degrees of freedom, we establish a subjective PCQA database, named SIAT Point Cloud Quality Database (SIAT-PCQD). Our database consists of 340 distorted point clouds compressed by the MPEG point cloud encoder with the combination of 20 sequences and 17 pairs of geometry and texture quantization parameters. The impact of distorted geometry and texture attributes is further discussed in this paper. Then, we propose two projection-based objective quality evaluation methods, i.e., a weighted view projection based model and a patch projection based model. Our subjective database and findings can be used in point cloud processing, transmission, and coding, especially for virtual reality applications. The subjective datasethttps://dx.doi. org/10.21227/ad8d-7r28 http://codec.siat. ac.cn/video_download_siat-pcqd.htmlhas been released in the public repository.
Youth gambling from the perspective of high-school counsellors

Gambling is a relatively new form of risk behaviour in our area. Modern Croatian and foreign scientific studies suggest that there is a considerable prevalence of problem gambling among high­school students. The aim of this paper is to explore how high­school counsellors perceive youth gambling. In addition to other tasks, they are responsible for detecting risk behaviour among youths and ensuring prevention and early intervention. This research was conducted among 120 counsellors from 18 Croatian counties. In general, the results show that they encounter issues surrounding youth gambling relatively rarely and they underestimate the prevalence of this risk behaviour, despite being aware of the fact that gambling products are easily accessible to youths. At the same time, counsellors do not perceive themselves sufficiently competent to provide adequate interventions in this field and they are not familiar enough with the developed training and interventions in Croatia. The results are interpreted in terms of their practical implications and with the aim of ensuring necessary professional knowledge and skills.
A Survey on Assessing the Generalization Envelope of Deep Neural Networks: Predictive Uncertainty, Out-of-distribution and Adversarial Samples

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) achieve state-of-the-art performance on numerous applications. However, it is difficult to tell beforehand if a DNN receiving an input will deliver the correct output since their decision criteria are usually nontransparent. A DNN delivers the correct output if the input is within the area enclosed by its generalization envelope. In this case, the information contained in the input sample is processed reasonably by the network. It is of large practical importance to assess at inference time if a DNN generalizes correctly. Currently, the approaches to achieve this goal are investigated in different problem set-ups rather independently from one another, leading to three main research and literature fields: predictive uncertainty, out-of-distribution detection and adversarial example detection. This survey connects the three fields within the larger framework of investigating the generalization performance of machine learning methods and in particular DNNs. We underline the common ground, point at the most promising approaches and give a structured overview of the methods that provide at inference time means to establish if the current input is within the generalization envelope of a DNN.
Influence of Stream Characteristics on Diversity and Distribution of Benthic Algae in Gongawwa Ela in Kottawa Rain forest, Galle, Sri Lanka

Influence of stream characteristics on diversity and distribution of benthic algae were studied at Gongawwa Ela during the period of September to November in 2016. Four sampling sites were selected and the distance between two sampling sites was 1.5km. Substrate types were categorized by sieve analysis and grain size distribution curves. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to identify the most important stream characteristics that could potentially influence on the growth of benthic algae. Physicochemical characteristics of water (nitrate, Total Dissolved Solids, temperature, pH, and Dissolved Oxygen) and substrates (pH, phosphate and nitrate) showed significant temporal variations. Conductivity and water velocity levels of the substrate varied significantly among the sampling sites. Species richness of benthic algae (29 genera) showed significantly negative correlations with the level of phosphate content (R2=-0.9592, P<0.05) and pH levels (R2=-0.999, P<0.05) of the substrate. Well graded substrate was observed only at the most downstream site (site 3) while other sites showed poorly graded substratum consisting over 90% of sand. The most abundant algal division was Bacillariophyta and the abundance of Flagilaria sp. , Pinnularia sp. , Stigeoclonium sp. , and Pediastrum sp. showed significant temporal variation. Pinnularia sp. , Synedra sp. , Anabaena sp. and Navicula sp. were possible indicators of the upstream characteristics. Meanwhile, Cosmarium sp. , Pinnularia sp. , Surirella sp. , Tabellaria sp. , Synedra sp. , Closterium sp. and Navicula sp. were possible indicators of the downstream characteristics. The PCA showed that the most important stream characteristics were DO, conductivity, Total Suspended Solids, water pH, nitrate in water and water discharge, while conductivity, nitrate, phosphate, % organic matter, pH, and % canopy cover were the types of substrate characteristics.
Discrete-Time Fractional-Order Dynamical Networks Minimum-Energy State Estimation

Fractional-order dynamical networks are increasingly being used to model and describe processes demonstrating long-term memory or complex interlaced dependencies among the spatial and temporal components of a wide variety of dynamical networks. Notable examples include networked control systems or neurophysiological networks which are created using electroencephalographic (EEG) or blood-oxygen-level-dependent data. As a result, the estimation of the states of fractional-order dynamical networks poses an important problem. To this effect, this article addresses the problem of minimum-energy state estimation for discrete-time fractional-order dynamical networks, where the state and output equations are affected by an additive noise that is considered to be deterministic, bounded, and unknown. Specifically, we derive the corresponding estimator and show that the resulting estimation error is exponentially input-to-state stable with respect to the disturbances and to a signal that is decreasing with the increase of the accuracy of the adopted approximation model. An illustrative example shows the effectiveness of the proposed method on real-world neurophysiological networks. Our results may significantly contribute to the development of novel neurotechnologies, particularly in the development of state estimation paradigms for neural signals such as EEG, which are often noisy signals known to be affected by artifacts not having any particular stochastic characterization.
Hexagonal prism-like hierarchical Co9S8@Ni(OH)2 core–shell nanotubes on carbon fibers for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

In this work, novel hierarchical cobalt sulfide@nickel hydroxide [Co9S8@Ni(OH)2] core–shell nanotube arrays supported on carbon fibers have been designed logically and synthesized for use as supercapacitors. The one-dimensional Co9S8 nanotubes (NTs) serve as an ideal backbone to improve the electrical conductivity of Ni(OH)2 nanosheets, whereas the ultrathin and redox active Ni(OH)2 nanosheets electrodeposited on the Co9S8 NTs greatly enhance the surface area and provide more electroactive sites for faradaic reaction. The optimized Co9S8@Ni(OH)2 electrode shows high specific capacitances of 149.44 mA h g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1 and 75 mA h g−1 even at 10 A g−1. An asymmetric supercapacitor was successfully assembled with this unique hybrid nanostructure as the anode and an active carbon film as the cathode. The as-fabricated device shows high energy density (31.35 W h kg−1 at 252.8 W kg−1), high power density (2500 W kg−1 at 12.5 W h kg−1), as well as a long-term cycle stability (97.3% retention of its initial capacitance after 5000 cycles). The as-prepared hierarchical nanostructure shows great potential as a promising electrode material for energy storage applications.