Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
People perceive themselves to adhere more strictly to COVID-19 guidelines than others

ABSTRACT People have a fair idea of how they are supposed to behave to slow down the spread of COVID-19. But what about people’s perception of their own compared to others’ adherence to the guidelines? Building on prior research on self-enhancement biases, we predicted that people perceive themselves to adhere more strictly to the COVID-19 guidelines than others. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a large-scale online experiment (N = 1,102), using a sample from four countries (UK, US, Germany, Sweden). As predicted, people perceived themselves to adhere to the COVID-19 guidelines more strictly than both the average citizen of their country and their close friends. These findings were robust across countries. Furthermore, findings were not moderated by whether people first thought about themselves or about others. In conclusion, our study provides a robust demonstration of how a long-standing psychological effect perseveres, even during a once-in-a-lifetime health crisis.
Inhibition of TRPA1 reduces airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in mice with allergic rhinitis

This study was conducted to investigate whether a transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonist (HC‐030031) can reduce airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a murine allergic rhinitis (AR) model. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin (OVA) to induce AR. HC‐030031 or vehicle was administrated to mice via intraperitoneal injection prior to OVA challenges. Nose‐scratching events, histopathologic alterations of the airways, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) were assessed. Differential cells and proinflammatory cytokines in the nasal lavage (NAL) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were measured. Expressions of TRPA1 in nasal mucosa were examined by immunohistochemistry. TRPA1‐expressing vagal neurons were labeled by immunofluorescent staining. HC‐030031‐treated AR mice had markedly reduced type‐2 inflammation in nasal mucosa and ameliorated‐nose‐scratching events than AR mice received vehicle. HC‐030031 treatment also dramatically reduced leucocyte numbers and IL‐8 level in the BAL fluid, inhibited lower airway remodeling and fibrosis, and nearly abolished BHR. HC‐0300031 treatment significantly inhibited the upregulated number of TRPA1 expressing nasal epithelial cells and TRPA1 expressing sensory neurons, leading to downregulation of SP in both upper and lower airways. Targeting TRPA1 may represent a promising strategy for treating AR and AR‐related asthma.
Optical, electrical and microstructural studies of monoclinic CuO nanostructures synthesized by a sol–gel route

We have reported on the synthesis of CuO nanostructures via a simple sol–gel approach with high yield at low cost by the reduction of aqueous solutions of Cu(NO3)2 and Na2NO3. Synthesized nanostructures were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman scattering and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy. Structural studies revealed that the prepared CuO nanostructures were polycrystalline in nature with monoclinic structure. The crystallite size of CuO nanostructures was estimated to be ∼10 nm using Debye–Scherrer's formula. The uniform and nanoregime grains were observed in SEM micrographs. The optical band gap value was estimated to be 1.2 eV using Tauc's plot. The Raman scattering investigations revealed Ag and Bg mode peaks at 278 cm−1, 332 cm−1 and 618 cm−1, respectively.
Trusting Magic: Interpretability of Predictions From Machine Learning Algorithms.

In his third of three laws, the late science fiction writer Sir Arthur Clarke once surmised that ‘any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic1. To those unfamiliar with the methods of machine learning (ML), it would seem almost magical to see a computer interpret an electrocardiogram (ECG) in under a second, a technique that for a human requires many years of training, as well as continued practice. And yet, computers are the furthest thing from magical. Computers are machines. Machines that execute a script exactly as it is written by a human. Machines that do not get bored, hungry, distracted, or sick, and that are more than capable of doing the same thing over and over and over again. One requires little in the way of imagination to see how a computer that is trained to replicate human skills in medical diagnosis could be useful in today’s high-paced, highvolume healthcare world. And yet, before we place our lives and livelihoods in the hands of a computer algorithm, how do we know we can trust it? What is the process for obtaining trust in a model?
Divergent Thinking Influences the Perception of Ambiguous Visual Illusions

This study investigated the relationships between personality and creativity in the perception of two different ambiguous visual illusions. Previous research has suggested that Industriousness and Openness/Intellect (as measured by the Big Five Aspects Scale) are both associated with individual differences in perceptual switching rates for binocular rivalry stimuli. Here, we examined whether these relationships generalise to the Necker Cube and the Spinning Dancer illusions. In the experimental phase of this study, participants viewed these ambiguous figures under both static and dynamic, as well as free-view and fixation, conditions. As predicted, perceptual switching rates were higher: (a) for the static Necker Cube than the Spinning Dancer, and (b) in free-view compared with fixation conditions. In the second phase of the study, personality type and divergent thinking were measured using the Big Five Aspects Scale and the Alternate Uses Task, respectively. Higher creativity/divergent thinking (as measured by the Alternate Uses Task) was found to predict greater switching rates for the static Necker Cube (but not the Spinning Dancer) under both free-view and fixation conditions. These findings suggest that there are differences in the perceptual processing of creative individuals.
β-blocker and 1-year outcomes among patients hospitalized for heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction

Abstract Aims The beneficial effect of β-blocker on heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is well established. However, its effect on the 1-year outcome of heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) remains unclear. Methods and results We analysed the data of the patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) between 40% and 49% in China Patient-centred Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events Prospective Heart Failure Study (China PEACE 5p-HF Study), in which patients hospitalized for heart failure from 52 Chinese hospitals were recruited from 2016 to 2018. Two primary outcomes were all-cause death and all-cause hospitalization. The associations between β-blocker use at discharge and outcomes were assessed by inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW)-weighted Cox regression analyses. To assess consistency, IPTW adjusting medications analyses, multivariable analyses and dose-effect analyses were performed. A total of 1035 HFmrEF patients were included in the analysis. The mean age was 65.5 ± 12.7 years and 377 (36.4%) were female. The median (interquartile range) of LVEF was 44% (42–47%). Six hundred and sixty-one (63.8%) were treated with β-blocker. Patients using β-blocker were younger with better cardiac function, and more likely to use renin–angiotensin system inhibitor and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. During the 1-year follow-up, death occurred in 84 (12.7%) treated and 85 (22.7%) untreated patients (P < 0.0001); all-cause hospitalization occurred in 298 (45.1%) treated and 188 (50.3%) untreated patients (P = 0.04). After IPTW-weighted adjustment, β-blocker use was significantly associated with lower risk of all-cause death [hazard ratio (HR): 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51–0.96, P = 0.03], but not with lower all-cause hospitalization (HR, 0.92, 95% CI, 0.76–1.10, P = 0.36). Consistency analyses showed consistent favourable effect of β-blocker on all-cause death, but not on all-cause hospitalization. Conclusions Among patients with HFmrEF, β-blocker use was associated with lower risk of all-cause death, but not with lower risk of all-cause hospitalization.
Stereochemistry of the cycloaddition of sulfonyl isocyanates and N-sulfinylsulfonamides to enol ethers

The cisand trans-1-butenyl ethyl ethers ( l a ) and ( Ib) , which are separable by preparative gas chromatography, were treated separately in DCC13 with p-tosyl isocyanate (2) in the molar proportions 1 : 1, and the progress of the reaction was followed by N M R spectroscopy (Table). One minute after the reactants had been mixed the signals of ( In ) (HA = doublet at T =: 4.1 8, HB = quadruplet at T = S.74; JAB = 6.3 Hz) and ( Ib) (HA = doublet at 7 = 3.82, H B = 2 triplets at T = 5.32; JAB = 12.6 Hz) had disappeared, whence it is concluded that there is very rapid reaction with (2). 20 23 27
Diagnosis of Retrolingual Obstruction during Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy versus Polysomnography with Nasopharyngeal Tube in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Objective: To compare the retrolingual obstruction during drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) with the retrolingual obstruction during polysomnography with nasopharyngeal tube (NPT-PSG). Methods: A cross-sectional study of 77 consecutive patients with moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was conducted. After 15 patients were excluded from the study for not completing DISE or NPT-PSG successfully, 62 patients were included in this study. Retrolingual sites of obstruction grade 2 determined by DISE according to the VOTE (velum, oropharynx lateral wall, tongue base, and epiglottis) classification were considered as retrolingual obstruction, while apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15 events/hour determined by NPT-PSG was considered as retrolingual obstruction. The extent of agreement between DISE and NPT-PSG findings was evaluated using unweighted Cohen’s kappa test. Results: The 62 study participants (11 moderate OSA, 51 severe OSA) had a mean (SD) age of 39.8 (9.9) years, and 58 (94%) were men. No statistically significant differences between included and excluded patients were observed in patient characteristics. The extent of agreement in retrolingual obstruction between DISE and NPT-PSG was 80.6% (Cohen k = 0.612; 95% CI, 0.415-0.807). Conclusion: Retrolingual obstruction requiring treatment showed good agreement between DISE and NPT-PSG, suggesting that NPT-PSG may also be a reliable method to assess the retrolingual obstruction.
Effects of cotton–maize rotation on soil microbiome structure

Abstract Verticillium wilt is a disastrous disease in cotton‐growing regions in China. As a common management method, cotton rotation with cereal crops is used to minimize the loss caused by Verticillium dahliae. However, the correlation between soil microbiome and the control of Verticillium wilt under a crop rotation system is unclear. Therefore, three cropping systems (fallow, cotton continuous cropping, and cotton–maize rotation) were designed and applied for three generations under greenhouse conditions to investigate the different responses of the soil microbial community. The soil used in this study was taken from a long‐term cotton continuous cropping field and inoculated with V. dahliae before use. Our results showed that the diversity of the soil bacterial community was increased under cotton–maize rotation, while the diversity of the fungal community was obviously decreased. Meanwhile, the structure and composition of the bacterial communities were similar even under the different cropping systems, but they differed in the soil fungal communities. Through microbial network interaction analysis, we found that Verticillium interacted with 17 bacterial genera, among which Terrabacter had the highest correlation with Verticillium. Furthermore, eight fungal and eight bacterial species were significantly correlated with V. dahliae. Collectively, this work aimed to study the interactions among V. dahliae, the soil microbiome, and plant hosts, and elucidate the relationship between crop rotation and soil microbiome, providing a new theoretical basis to screen the biological agents that may contribute to Verticillium wilt control.
Age-related Differences in Expression Recognition of Faces with Direct and Averted Gaze Using Dynamic Stimuli

ABSTRACT Background: It is still an open to what extent the ecological validity of face stimuli modulates age-related differences in the recognition of facial expression; and to what extent eye gaze direction may play a role in this process. The present study tested whether age effects in facial expression recognition, also as a function of eye gaze direction, would be less pronounced in dynamic than static face displays. Method: Healthy younger and older adults were asked to recognize emotional expressions of faces with direct or averted eye gaze presented in static and dynamic format. Results: While there were no differences between the age groups in facial expression recognition ability across emotions, when considering individual expressions, age-related differences in the recognition of angry facial expressions were attenuated for dynamic compared to static stimuli. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a moderation effect of dynamic vs. static stimulus format on age-related deficits in the identification of angry facial expressions, suggesting that older adults may be less disadvantaged when recognizing angry facial expressions in more naturalistic displays. Eye gaze direction did not further modulate this effect. Findings from this study qualify and extend previous research and theory on age-related differences in facial expression recognition and have practical impact on study design by supporting the use of dynamic faces in aging research.
Fabrication of asymmetrically superhydrophobic cotton fabrics via mist copolymerization of 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate

We report here a simple strategy for fabricating asymmetrically superhydrophobic cotton fabric via a mist copolymerization of three monomers, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFMA), 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEM), and divinylbenzene (DVB). The copolymer layer on the cotton surface was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis and attenuated total reflection (ATR) accessory, and the nanoscale hierarchical structures in the polymeric layer were demonstrated by observation of field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Surface characterization reveals that the modified surface is superhydrophobic, but the opposite side of the modified cotton fabric has the hydrophilic nature of cotton. More experimental data suggest that the good water adsorptivity and vapor transmissibility of the original cotton fabric were inherited after the surface modification. These properties are of great significance in textile and medical applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1862–1871
ShinyCell: Simple and sharable visualisation of single-cell gene expression data

Motivation As the generation of complex single-cell RNA sequencing datasets becomes more commonplace it is the responsibility of researchers to provide access to these data in a way that can be easily explored and shared. Whilst it is often the case that data is deposited for future bioinformatic analysis many studies do not release their data in a way that is easy to explore by non-computational researchers. Results In order to help address this we have developed ShinyCell, an R package that converts single-cell RNA sequencing datasets into explorable and shareable interactive interfaces. These interfaces can be easily customised in order to maximise their usability and can be easily uploaded to online platforms to facilitate wider access to published data. Availability ShinyCell is available at https://github.com/SGDDNB/ShinyCell. Contact owen.rackham@duke-nus.edu. sg
An in vivo protein landscape of the mouse DCT during high dietary K+ or low dietary Na+ intake.

The hormone aldosterone is essential for maintaining K+ and Na+ balance and controlling blood pressure. Aldosterone has different effects if it is secreted due to hypovolemia or hyperkalemia. The kidney distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is believed to play a central role in mediating the differential responses to aldosterone. To determine the alterations in the DCT that may be responsible for these effects, male mice with GFP expression specifically in the DCT were maintained on diets containing low NaCl (hypovolemic state) or high K citrate (hyperkalemic state) for 4 days and DCT cells isolated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. This pure population of DCT cells were subjected to analysis by liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry. Over 3000 proteins were identified in the DCT, creating the first proteome of the mouse DCT. Of the identified proteins, 210 were altered in abundance following a low NaCl diet and 625 following the high K+ diet. Many of these changes were not detectable by analyzing whole kidney samples from the same animals. When comparing responses to high K+ versus low Na+ diets, protein translation, chaperone-mediated protein folding and protein ubiquitylation are likely to be significantly altered in the DCT subsequent to a high K+ diet. In conclusion, this study defines an in vivo protein landscape of the DCT in male mice following either a low NaCl or a high K+ diet and acts as an essential resource for the kidney research community.
Fear of Hypoglycemia in Adults with diabetes mellitus switching to Treatment with IDegAsp Co-formulation to Examine real-world setting: an observational study (The HATICE study)

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the clinical results of insulin degludec/aspart (IDEgAsp) therapy and its effect on the fear of hypoglycemia. Methods A prospective observational study has been conducted through surveys of 36 patients using insulin because of type 2 diabetes mellitus who initiated treatment with IDegAsp switching from other insulins. Patients, 18–75 years old, were recruited to the study, consecutively. Participants’ age, gender, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), daily insulin dose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), hypoglycemia rate, hypoglycemia fear survey (HFS) were recorded at the beginning of the study. By the end of 12th month, data was re-measured and compared with each other. Results HbA1c was declined by mean of −1.59% (95% CI −1.06 to −2.12, p<0.001). There was also a significant decrease in mean, daily insulin dose, weight and BMI values of patients via IDegAsp. While there was an increase in the amount of dipeptidyl peptidase 4-inhibitors (DPP4-i) and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2-inhibitors (SGLT2-i), there was a decrease in daily injection frequency. There was also a significant decrease in the median values of monthly hypoglycemia rate (from 2.0 to 1.0, p<0.001) and the entire HFS scores (HFS-T: from 1.09 to 0.73, p<0.001; HFS-B: from 0.83 to 0.60, p<0.001; HFS-W: from 1.33 to 0.88, p<0.001). There was a strong positive correlation between ΔHFS-B and daily injection frequency (Rho: 0.398; P: 0.016). Conclusions IDegAsp co-formulation, combined with DPP4-i and/or SGLT2-i, can provide usefulness in terms of rates of hypoglycemia, reduced HbA1c, less injection administration, and decreased the fear of hypoglycemia in diabetics.
Peptides-based therapy and diagnosis. Strategies for non-invasive therapies in cancer

Abstract In recent years, remarkable progress was registered in the field of cancer research. Though, cancer still represents a major cause of death and cancer metastasis a problem seeking for urgent solutions as it is the main reason for therapeutic failure. Unfortunately, the most common chemotherapeutic agents are non-selective and can damage healthy tissues and cause side effects that affect dramatically the quality of life of the patients. Targeted therapy with molecules that act specifically at the tumour sites interacting with overexpressed cancer receptors is a very promising strategy for achieving the specific delivery of anticancer drugs, radioisotopes or imaging agents. This review aims to give an overview on different strategies for targeting cancer cell receptors localised either at the extracellular matrix or at the cell membrane. Molecules like antibodies, aptamers and peptides targeting the cell surface are presented with advantages and disadvantages, with emphasis on peptides. The most representative peptides are described, including cell penetrating peptides, homing and anticancer peptides with particular consideration on recent discoveries.
Spatially localized cluster solutions in inhibitory neural networks

Neurons in the inhibitory network of the striatum display cell assembly firing patterns which recent results suggest may consist of spatially compact neural clusters. Previous computational modeling of striatal neural networks has indicated that non-monotonic, distance-dependent coupling may promote spatially localized cluster firing. Here, we identify conditions for the existence and stability of cluster firing solutions in which clusters consist of spatially adjacent neurons in inhibitory neural networks. We consider simple non-monotonic, distance-dependent connectivity schemes in weakly coupled 1-D networks where cells make strong connections with their kth nearest neighbors on each side. Using the phase model reduction of the network system, we prove the existence of cluster solutions where neurons that are spatially close together are also synchronized in the same cluster, and find stability conditions for these solutions. Our analysis predicts the long-term behavior for networks of neurons, and we confirm our results by numerical simulations of biophysical neuron network models. Additionally, we add weaker coupling between closer neighbors as a perturbation to our network connectivity. We analyze the existence and stability of cluster solutions of the perturbed network and validate our results with numerical simulations. Our results demonstrate that an inhibitory network with non-monotonic, distance-dependent connectivity can exhibit cluster solutions where adjacent cells fire together.
Social support, self-worth, and subjective well-being in older adults of rural China: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT This study explored the relationship between social support and subjective well-being of the rural Chinese older adults and investigated whether self-worth could mediate this association. A total number of 356 older adults from rural areas of China were investigated using three scales. The results were as follows: there were significant correlations between social support, self-worth, and subjective well-being (where P < 0.01 in all of them). Bootstrapping mediation analyses indicated that self-worth partly mediated the association between social support and subjective well-being. Accordingly, social support and self-worth are important targets for improving the subjective well-being level of the rural older adults.
Outcomes of adult T-Cell leukemia/lymphoma with allogeneic stem cell transplantation: single-institution experience

Abstract Few publications exist concerning allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT) outcomes in non-Japanese patients with HTLV-1-associated ATLL. We detail the patient and disease characteristics, transplant approach, and clinical outcomes in 17 patients with ATLL at our institution who underwent alloHCT. We report favorable outcomes, with 8/17 in ongoing remission, 2/17 with prolonged (>6 years) disease-free survival, and a low incidence of transplant-related mortality (2/17). These results validate the feasibility and efficacy of alloHCT in non-Japanese patients with ATLL.