Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generalized Framework for Similarity Measure of Time Series

Currently, there is no definitive and uniform description for the similarity of time series, which results in difficulties for relevant research on this topic. In this paper, we propose a generalized framework to measure the similarity of time series. In this generalized framework, whether the time series is univariable or multivariable, and linear transformed or nonlinear transformed, the similarity of time series is uniformly defined using norms of vectors or matrices. The definitions of the similarity of time series in the original space and the transformed space are proved to be equivalent. Furthermore, we also extend the theory on similarity of univariable time series to multivariable time series. We present some experimental results on published time series datasets tested with the proposed similarity measure function of time series. Through the proofs and experiments, it can be claimed that the similarity measure functions of linear multivariable time series based on the norm distance of covariance matrix and nonlinear multivariable time series based on kernel function are reasonable and practical.
Impact of MGSTC BLAST spatial multiplexing scheme on performance assessment of MCCDMA wireless communication system

In this paper, an effort has been made to observe critically the Impact of MGSTC BLAST spatial multiplexing scheme on color image transmission in a MCCDMA wireless communication system. The simulated system . incorporatesvarious signal detection techniques such as MMSE ,ZF, OSIC and MMSE-SIC under 4 × 4 antenna configuration. In perspective of data protection, ½ -rated irregular LDPC and Repeat and Accumulate forward error correction(channel encoding) schemes have been used. It is noticeable from MATLAB based simulative study that the system shows quite satisfactory performance in retrieving transmitted color image under scenario of hostile fading channel environment with implementation of MMSE-SIC signal detection, 16QAM digital modulationand Repeat and Accumulate channel coding scheme.
MICROPROP AGATION OF GUAVA (PSIDIUM SPP.) : A REVIEW

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is one of the most common and important commercial fruit crops cultivated in both tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In India major share of the fruits production is utilized for fresh consumption. Micro propagation is a rapid process to develop identical progeny from offspring. This is the growing of plants from meristematic tissue or somatic cells of superior plants on suitable nutrient media under controlled environmental conditions. In guava, micro propagation was achieved for the first time in 1987 by M. N. Amin and V.S. Jaiswal on Allahabad safeda. Since then significant progress has been made in the different areas of in vitro culture of guava since the first reports. In most cases, Murashige and Skoog (MS) revised medium (1962) was used as mineral medium for culturing Psidium species and cultivars for regeneration and/or proliferation, sub culturing and subsequent rooting. The lower concentration of major elements in WPM (Woody Plant Medium) was more suitable for micro propagation of some guava genotypes. Starting material for establishment of guava in vitro culture consists mostly of actively growing shoot tips or nodal segments as explants (1.0-3.0 cm size) collected during in spring are best suited for in vitro propagation of guava. Establishment of in vitro cultures of woody plants is greatly hampered by the browning of the explant and culture medium. In guava, several strategies have been employed to overcome the harmful effects of browning either through neutralization or through the avoidance of toxic substances in the medium.BAP (0.5 -2.0 mg/l) is the most frequently used cytokinin for guava micropropagation. The success of transplanting and survival of plants greatly depends on the quality of roots. Rooting Psidium spp. in vitro has proven to be difficult; however, several workers were successful in rooting. IBA is mostly used for inducing rooting followed by NAA, however use of dual auxins (IBA & NAA) resulted higher frequency of rooting. In guava, acclimatization has been accomplished in various substrates by progressively decreasing the relative humidity.
DISTRESSED WHALES ON THE NILE - EGYPT CAPITALISTS IN THE WAKE OF THE 2010 REVOLUTION

The paper studies the nature and extent of business privileges in Egypt by looking at corporate development and stock market valuation of traded firms before and after the revolution. First, we identify politically connected firms and conduct an event study around the revolution of 2010-11 (and around events with rumors about Mubarak’s health) to estimate the market valuation of political connections. Second, we look for the advantages provided by these connections by looking at the corporate behavior of connected firms before the revolution. Finally, we compare the financial returns of connected and non connected firms and contrast them with the market valuation of connections, and with the benefits they actually received in the past, to draw some characterization of the political economy of business state relations in Egypt during the past decade.
Advancing calving in red deer: The effects on growth and sexual development

The growth and sexual development of red deer calves born early (12 male, 12 female), with an average birth date of 22 October 1990 f 3.8 d (SD) were compared with control calves (12 male, 6 female) born 6 weeks later (2 December + 2.4 d). From birth to 16 months of age, the pattern of liveweight gain in the early-born and control calves was similar, but because of the 6 week advance in calving, early males and females were on average 11 to 13 kg heavier at weaning on February 22, and 10 kg heavier than their control counterparts one year later. Pedicle initiation in males and plasma progesterone patterns in females were monitored to determine the stage of sexual development. Early-born male calves attained a pedicle height of 1.5 cm on 30 June at 250 d of age ‘and an average liveweight of 7 1.1 kg. The control calves initiated pedicles 55 d later (24 August, SED & 12.6 d, Pa.01) at a similar age (264 d, SED & 12.4 d, NS) but at a significantly lower liveweight (66.1, SED + 1.6 kg, Pd.05). No female calves (early-born or control) showed signs of ovari‘an cyclicity in plasma progesterone during the normal breeding season for adult hinds. Average liveweights on 23 April were 61.6 f 4.5 and 49.2 f 0.4 kg for the early and control female calves respectively. Althoughearly calving resulted in enhanced liveweights, only 2 of the hind calves reached 65 ii,, 0 the lower threshold liveweight required for the attainment of puberty in yearling hinds, and none displayed ovarian activity indicative of puberty. In contrast to the situation with the hind calves where there was no evidence of precocious puberty, the early-born stag calves initiated pedicles earlier than the controls and two of them had developed hard antlers (evidence of precocious puberty) by October 1.
The Growth Effect Of Unemployed Resources And Inflation In Nigeria

This paper investigates the growth effect of human resource unemployment, natural resource unemployment and inflation in Nigeria between 1986-2010 through the application of ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique and Augmented Dickey-Fuller technique in testing the unit root property of the series. The results of unit root suggested that all the variables of the model were stationary. The Johansen cointegration result shows that there existed 2 cointegrating equation, implying the existence of long run relationship between economic growth, unemployment (human and natural resources) and inflation (total, headline, core, and food inflation). The results further revealed that unemployment (both human and natural resources), total inflation and core inflation impacted positively on economic growth while headline and food inflation impacted negatively on economic growth in Nigeria. The result also shows that unemployment does not significantly affect economic growth, but inflation does. Hence, a good performance of an economy in terms of per capita growth may therefore be attributed to the rate of inflation in the country. A major policy implication of this result is that concerted effort should be made by policy makers to increase the level of output in Nigeria by diversifying the economy to including exploitation and exploration of natural resources in order to reduce unemployment and the prices of goods and services (inflation) so as to boost the growth of the economy. Another policy implication of this study is that government should adjust its production techniques to be labour intensive as against capital intensive and also close the border to some extent which is the likely measure to reduce unemployment and Inflation and increase domestic output level (GDP). The study found that when natural resources which Nigeria is blessed with were harness unemployment, inflation, poverty and income inequality will be a history. Key words : Unemployment, Inflation, tapped natural resources, economic growth (RGDP), and cointegration.
Mapping Out Head Country: Expression of DAF-19C in the Head Neurons of C. elegans

C. elegans has been used as a model system for studies of nervous system development and function for over 50 years due to its relative simplicity and strong similarity to other animals. One of such similarities is the presence of an RFX transcription factor, which is responsible for controlling gene expression in a handful of important organs, including the brain. RFX proteins are a family of highly evolutionarily conserved proteins that usually function by binding to a specific region (called the X-box) in the promoter of their target genes. A single RFX-coding gene has been found in C. elegans, called daf-19. The function of DAF-19 proteins thus far identified include regulating innate immunity and ciliogenesis. The daf-19 gene encodes four related proteins, or isoforms: DAF-19A, B, C, and M. In this study, we fully characterize the expression pattern of the DAF-19C isoform through the use of fluorescently labeled protein constructs, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and neuron maps. We report that DAF-19C is expressed in at least 48 ciliated neurons and eight non-ciliated neurons in the head. Table of
The Influence of Materialism on Well-Being among Thai Adolescents

This investigation attempted to examine the influence of materialism on well-being, mediated by gratitude, anxiety, and depression among Thai adolescents. Operationally, well-being encompassed the factors of academic performance, social integration, and life satisfaction. Data were collected from 1,200 university students in the Bangkok area. A self-administered survey questionnaire in Thai was employed for data collection. The questionnaire consisted of the following: a researcherconstructed set of questions to elicit demographic information, the Material Values Scale (MVS) to measure materialism, the Gratitude Questionnaire-6 (GQ-6) to measure gratitude, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to measure anxiety, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) to measure depression, the Engaged Living in Youth Scale (ELYS) to measure social integration, and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) to measure life satisfaction. The findings of Study 1 revealed that the Thai versions of the GQ-6 and the ELYS are psychometrically sound and, therefore, reliable and valid for use with Thai participants. Study 2 demonstrated the indirect negative influence of materialism on well-being, being mediated by gratitude, anxiety, and depression, nonsignificant correlation between materialism and gratitude, direct negative influence of materialism on well-being, and identified the full-direct model as the model that best explains the interrelationships among the core variables.
A country-level knowledge production analysis with

Economic growth, according to both applied and theoretical economists, is not entirely dependent on traditional production factors endowment, such as physical capital and labour, but more and more related to the stock of intangible resources such as culture, competence, innovative capacity, knowledge. Our main aim is, consequently, to provide an exploratory analysis on the phenomena of knowledge creation and diffusion in Europe and its neighbours at the country level. We firstly describe the innovative activity across countries in order to make available a comprehensive picture of this phenomenon across and beyond Europe. We analyse both input (R&D expenditure) and output indicators (patent applications) for the 27 European countries and the 16 European Neighbouring Countries. Moreover, we analyse the main factors influencing the innovation process. We pursue this aim by adopting both parametric and non-parametric methods to investigate about the knowledge production function at the country level. The analysis is mainly speculative because the absence of information about some potentially important phenomena, such as human capital, may hinder our results and conclusions. Nevertheless, main results are robust and confirm previous analysis at the country and regional level. Moreover, they add some original finding about the potential for catching up of European Neighbouring Countries.
Quantification and Prediction of Stream Dryness in the Interior Highlands

Although ecological studieshave noted streams drying in the Interior Highlands,published measurements of streambed [rynessare lacking. Clearly, stream drying has the potential to affectbenthic macroinvertebrateand fish communities. In 2003, we initiated an assessment of streambed drynessfor three streams in the Ouachita Mountains representative of the Central lills, Ridges, and Valleys.In the following summer, we applied the approachto 15 similar size watershedsin three distinct coregions of the Interior Highlands: Ouachita Mountains-Athens Plateau, Ozark Highlands-Springfield Plateau, and Lower Joston Mountains.Repeated dryness measurements were recorded in each stream and correlated to nearby USGS stream gage ecords. Dryness reached as high as 86% for the Ouachita Mountains in 2003; whereas, flow was continuous in 2004. One tream in the Ozark Highlands dried completely in 2004, and drynessreached 84% in the Boston Mountains. Percent dry treambed was negativelycorrelated (Spearmanrank) to discharge for the Ouachita Mountains in 2003 and the Boston Vlountains in 2004 (r s = -0.94 and -0.60, respectively; p < 0.01). Lowestmonthly mean daily discharge, corrected for watershed rea, differed among ecoregions for May through October in 2004 (highestdischarge in the Ouachita Mountains, p < 0.05, Ukey-Kramer). Maximum drynessduring these months was significantly lower for the Ouachita Mountains than the Boston vlountainsand Ozark Highlands. Thus, discernable patterns of stream dryness exist among the different ecoregions of the nterior Highlands. Aquatic ecologists and resource managers in these ecoregions could employ such measures to further nderstand habitat limitations associated with these stream systems.
TiO2 Nanoparticle as a Sensitizer Drug in Radiotherapy: in Vitro Study

Background: Radiosensitizer drugs are used to enhance the efficiency of radiotherapy. Some nanoparticles can be considered as radiosensitizers, because they enhance cytotoxicity due to oxidative stress and increase free radical yield, especially ROS, within cells resulting to cell death. Methods: In this study, synergistic effect of TiO2 nanoparticles was evaluated in presence of 60Co gamma rays on human breast cancer (MCF-7) and gastric cancer (MKN-45) cell lines. After cell culture, cells were exposed to several doses of gamma rays and a dose of 2Gy was selected due to survival analysis. Next, several doses of nanoparticle from each type was applied and cell survival was analyzed from which a dose of 30μg/ml was selected for the remainder of study. Finally, synergistic effect of gamma rays and nanoparticles was evaluated in two time delay groups using MTT assay. Results: Viability of cells in presence of gamma radiation and nanoparticles, significantly reduced compared to viability of cells exposed only to radiation or nanoparticle, alone (P-value≤0.05). The effect was dependent on nanoparticle type, time between addition of nanoparticle to cells and exposure to gamma rays and also cell dependent. Conclusion: TiO2 increased sensitivity of cancer cells to gamma radiation, due to an increase in ROS production and cytotoxicity. Anatase crystals have more severe effects than Rutile crystal because of having a larger surface area and creation of more free radicals. Therefore, this nanoparticle has the potential to be used as a radiosensitizer and further studies should be considered on other cell lines and in vivo. Keywords: Titanium dioxide; Breast cancer; Gastric cancer; Radiation-sensitizing agents radiotherapy
A 200 Year Sub-Annual Record of Sulfate in West Antarctica, from Sixteen Ice Cores

Sixteen high-resolution ice-core records from West Antarctica and South Pole are used to examine the spatial and temporal distribution of sulfate for the last 200 years. The preservation of seasonal layers throughout the length of each record results in a dating accuracy of better than 1 year based on known global-scale volcanic events. A dual transport source for West Antarctic sea-salt (ss) SO4 2– and excess (xs) SO4 2– is observed: lower-tropospheric for areas below 1000 m elevation and mid-/upper-tropospheric/stratospheric for areas located above 1000 m. Our xsSO4 2– records with volcanic peaks removed do not display any evidence of an anthropogenic impact on West Antarctic SO4 2– concentrations but do reveal that a major climate transition takes place over West Antarctica at 1940. Global-scale volcanic eruptions appear as significant peaks in the robust-spline residual xsSO4 records from sites located above 1000 m elevation but do not appear in the residual records from sites located below 1000 m.
Macroinfauna Dynamics and Sediment Parameters of a Subtropical Estuarine Lake—Coombabah Lake (Southern Moreton Bay, Australia)

ABSTRACT Dunn, R.J.K. ; Lemckert, C.J.; Teasdale, P.R. , and Welsh, D.T. , 2013. Macroinfauna dynamics and sediment parameters of a subtropical estuarine lake—Coombabah Lake (Southern Moreton Bay, Australia). The distribution, composition, density, and biomass of benthic macrofauna within estuarine environments typically exhibit significant variations attributable to heterogeneity in and interactions between physical, biological, and chemical processes. The spatial and temporal dynamics of benthic macroinfauna assemblages and physicochemical sediment parameters within the intertidal mudflats of a subtropical estuarine lake (Coombabah Lake, Southern Moreton Bay) were studied at four sites from August 2006 to April 2007. No significant seasonal changes were observed at any site for all physical sediment parameters. The northern sample sites were characterised by fine- to medium-grained to moderately to poorly sorted sediments and the southern sample sites by fine-grained to moderately well to well-sorted. A total of 1029 individuals representing species from three orders, including deposit feeding and filter feeding macroinfaunal groups, were collected. The highest combined species densities occurred in the fine-grained southern sites, with the greatest combined species density occurring at Site 4 during winter. Amphipods (Victoriopisa australiensis) and polychaete worms (Simplisetia aequisetis) dominated the lake-wide faunal community with V. australiensis, representing 49% of the total retrieved macroinfauna. Significant correlations between mean macroinfauna densities, biomassDW, sediment parameters, and seasonal maximum monthly temperatures were identified during the study. Seasonal trends in combined site densities were observed at each of the lake sites, with the highest combined density occurring during winter. Spatial and temporal variations might also be partially explained by the predation pressures of fish and migratory wading birds within the lake, with the seasonal presence of migratory wading birds coinciding with the minimum observed macroinfauna densities at each sample site.
The first contribution on mycophilous fungi from Belarus

Two species of zygomycetes, 9 ascomycetes and 11 anamorphic fungi with unknown theleomorph growing on decaying agarics, boletes, polyropes, and Stereum were collected in five sites in central Belarus in September 2004. Among Ascomycota seven species belong to the genus Hypomyces and its anamorphs. The mycophilous fungi are described and illustrated; the descriptions are based on pure cultures and common herbarium samples.
Soil water depletion by oak trees and the influence of root water uptake on the moisture content spatial statistics

The space‐time statistical structure of soil water uptake by oak trees was investigated in a 3.1‐m‐diameter closed top chamber using a three‐dimensional measurement grid of soil moisture and pressure, and measurements of tree transpiration. Using the time domain reflectometery (TDR) measured moisture content, resistance block measured soil water pressure, and a compact constant head permeameter measured saturated hydraulic conductivity, the soil hydraulic properties for the chamber were first estimated. Then, dimensionless statistical measures that utilize the soil water pressure were proposed and used to assess the relative importance of lateral to vertical flow. On the basis of the measured statistical properties of the soil‐water pressure, it was found that the vertical flow is at least an order of magnitude larger than the lateral flow, and thus a one‐dimensional flow approximation to continuity was utilized. Using continuity and a first‐order Taylor series expansion of the Buckingham‐Darcy vertical flux about the spatial mean moisture content state, an approximate relation for the time variation of the spatial mean moisture content was derived and tested with the TDR measurements. Despite a large spatial coefficient of variation in the TDR measured moisture content (which was also shown to be comparable to reported values from larger‐scale field experiments), good agreement between mean moisture content predictions and measurements were found for two separate drying cycles. The approximate Taylor series flux expansion was utilized for deriving an analogous relation for the time variation of the spatial moisture content variance. The resultant variance budget was used to assess the role of root water uptake on the spatial variability of moisture content. It was found that the root uptake component, which resulted from a covariance between the root water uptake and moisture content spatial perturbations, is comparable to the contribution from soil hydraulic properties and soil water redistribution. One of the main findings in this study is that root water uptake is central to the moisture content spatial variance dissipation especially for dry soil moisture conditions. These results were further investigated using Monte‐Carlo simulations.
Formulation of water in paraffin emulsions

In this work, the effect of surfactant content, water content, HLB value, alcohol content, salinity, emulsion volume and mixing properties on water in paraffin emulsion stability was studied. Emulsion stability was determined by the extent of water and oil resolved after 30 days. After finishing the variables scans, the most appropriate formula- tion conditions were established, and a formulation protocol was defined. Emulsion density and appar- ent viscosity were measured, and viscosity was mod- eled by the Power Law.