Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Caregiver Burden in Caregivers of Older Patients with Dementia in Indonesia

This cross-sectional study aimed to identify caregiver burden and its determinants in the informal caregivers of older patients with dementia (PWDs) aged ≥ 60 years in Java, Indonesia. Data were collected from 207 caregivers of older PWDs using self-administered questionnaires. The dependent variable was caregiver subjective burden, assessed using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). The independent variables included the socio-demographic characteristics of PWDs and caregivers, the caregiver’s perceived social support, and the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Linear regression with a stepwise elimination method was used to identify the factors associated with caregiver burden. This study found that four factors were associated with the caregiver burden, such as the gender of PWDs, the educational level of caregivers, social support, and BPSD (R-squared = 27.78%). Higher burden was reported among the caregivers of female PWDs (β = 5.58; 95%CI = 2.16; 8.99) and PWDs with higher scores of BPSD (β = 0.34; 95%CI = 0.25; 0.43). Meanwhile, the caregivers with higher perceived social support (β = −0.26; 95%CI = −0.42; −0.10) and who completed high school education and above (β = −6.41; 95%CI = −10.07; −2.74) tended to have lower scores of subjective burden. These findings suggest that BPSD management and maintaining the resources of support may provide an opportunity to minimise caregiver burden and improve the quality of life of caregivers and PWDs.
Potential-driven eddy current in rippled graphene nanoribbons

It is well known that an eddy current will be induced in a conductor subject to a varying magnetic field. Here we propose another mechanism of generating nano-scale eddy current in rippled graphene nanoribbons(GNRs), which is only driven by an electric potential. In particular, it is found that under appropriate gate voltages, a local deformation may induce some unexpected global eddy currents, which form vortices in both rippled and entire flat areas of the GNR. We will explain that these vortices in flat areas is a manifestation of the nonlocality of quantum interference.
Complexity reduction of explicit MPC based on fuzzy reshaped polyhedrons for use in industrial controllers

The explicit model predictive control (EMPC) generates the rules of control defined for a set of polyhedral regions. Online EMPC calculations consist of searching a look-up table to find the appropriate control law according to a particular state. This paper discusses the complexity of online computation and the memory required to store data in an EMPC implementation. Therefore, a new reshaping method is applied to the active regions so that the definition of the polyhedron has regular boundaries. This approach has made some improvements. First, the usable memory will be a lot less for the actual implementation compared to the traditional EMPC approach. Second, the small number of new clusters reduces search time in explicit lookup tables and speeds up overall implementation. To this end, fuzzy clustering is used to introduce a novel method of transforming polyhedrons in the context of fuzzy explicit model predictive (FEMPC) control, followed by a new fuzzy-based piece-wise affine (PWA) explicit formulation for control law calculations. The stability of the proposed method is investigated using the Lyapunov stability criteria. The proposed algorithm has been tested on a nonlinear continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) benchmark system and simulation tests show that the proposed approach involves a compromise between storage space requirements and online efficiency.
FORS2 observes a multi-epoch transmission spectrum of the hot Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-49b

Context: Transmission spectroscopy has proven to be a useful tool for the study of exoplanet atmospheres, and has lead to the detection of a small number of elements and molecules (Na, K, H$_2$O), but also revealed that many planets show flat transmission spectra consistent with the presence of opaque high-altitude hazes or clouds. Aims: We apply this technique to the $M_P=0.38 M_{jup}$, $R_p=1.12 R_{jup}$, $P=2.78d$ planet WASP-49b, aiming to characterize its transmission spectrum between 0.73 and 1 $\mathrm{\mu}$m and search for the features of K and H$_2$O. Methods: Three transits of WASP-49b have been observed with the FORS2 instrument installed at the VLT/UT1 telescope at the ESO Paranal site. We used FORS2 in MXU mode with grism GRIS_600z, producing simultaneous multiwavelength transit lightcurves throughout the i' and z' bands. We combined these data with independent broadband photometry from the Euler and TRAPPIST telescopes to obtain a good measurement of the transit shape. Strong correlated noise structures are present in the FORS2 lightcurves, which are due to rotating flat-field structures that are introduced by inhomogeneities of the linear atmospheric dispersion corrector's transparency. We accounted for these structures by constructing common noise models from the residuals of lightcurves bearing the same noise structures, and used them together with simple parametric models to infer the transmission spectrum. Results: We present three independent transmission spectra of WASP-49b between 0.73 and 1.02 $\mu m$, as well as a transmission spectrum between 0.65 and 1.02 $\mu m$ from the combined analysis of FORS2 and broadband data. The results obtained from the three individual epochs agree well. The transmission spectrum of WASP-49b is best fit by atmospheric models containing a cloud deck at pressure levels of 1 mbar or lower.
Zeta functions of groups and rings

The representation growth of a T -group is polynomial. We study the rate of polynomial growth and the spectrum of possible growth, showing that any rational number ? can be realized as the rate of polynomial growth of a class 2 nilpotent T -group. This is in stark contrast to the related subject of subgroup growth of T -groups where it has been shown that the set of possible growth rates is discrete in Q. We derive a formula for almost all of the local representation zeta functions of a T2-group with centre of Hirsch length 2. A consequence of this formula shows that the representation zeta function of such a group is finitely uniform. In contrast, we explicitly derive the representation zeta function of a specific T2-group with centre of Hirsch length 3 whose representation zeta function is not finitely uniform. We give formulae, in terms of Igusa's local zeta function, for the subring, left-, right- and two-sided ideal zeta function of a 2-dimensional ring. We use these formulae to compute a number of examples. In particular, we compute the subring zeta function of the ring of ? integers in a quadratic number field.
Growth and Convergence in a Multiregional Model with Space-Time Dynamics: Growth, Convergence, and Space-Time Dynamics

The goal of this article is to test four distinct hypotheses about whether the relative location of an economy affects economic growth and economic well-being using an extended Solow-Swan neoclassical growth model that incorporates both space and time dynamics. We show that the econometric specification takes the form of an unconstrained spatial Durbin model, and we investigate whether the results depend on some methodological issues, such as the choice of the time span and the inclusion of fixed effects. To estimate the fixed effects spatial Solow-Swan model, we adjust the Arrelano and Bond (1991) generalized method-of-moments (GMM) estimator to deal with endogeneity not only arising from the initial income level, as in the basic model, but also from the initial income levels and economic growth rates observed in neighboring economies.
Long-Term Change in Conflict Attitudes: A Dynamic Perspective

Abstract A large literature examines how citizens in violent conflicts react to the conflict's events, particularly violent escalations. Nevertheless, the temporal nature of these attitudinal changes remains under-studied. We suggest that popular reactions to greater violence are typically immediate but brief, indicating short-term emotional responses to physical threats. Over the longer term, however, public opinion is more commonly shaped by non-violent events signaling the adversary's perceived intentions, reflecting slower but deeper belief-updating processes. We support this argument using dynamic analyses of comprehensive monthly data from Israel spanning two full decades (2001–20). Rather than violence levels, we find that long-term changes in Jewish attitudes on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict follow non-violent events implying Palestinian preferences, particularly failed negotiations and out-group leadership changes. Our findings underscore the importance of public opinion's temporal dynamics and show that non-violent events, which are often overlooked in the literature, play a prominent role in shaping long-term attitudes in conflictual contexts.
Generalized Linear Mixed Models

Glossary g0005 Linear predictor – A linear combination of explanatory variables that is part of a regression model or generalized linear mixed model. g0010 Link function – A function applied to the conditional expectation of the response variable before this is equated to the linear predictor (in a generalized linear model). Examples are the identity, log, and logit link functions. g0015 Random coefficient – Cluster-specific coefficient of a covariate in a regression model for clustered data that varies randomly between clusters. g0020 Random intercept – Cluster-specific intercept in a regression model for clustered data that varies randomly between clusters. p0005 To introduce the idea of generalized linear mixed models, we consider the following example. The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is an international educational survey funded by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) that measures attainment in reading, mathematics, and science among 15-year-old students. Using the United States sample of PISA 2000, we estimate the relationship between reading proficiency (Prof ij) of student i in school j and the following covariates: Fem ij : indicator for student being female; SES ij : international socioeconomic index (continuous), grand-mean centered and divided by 20; HS ij : indicator for highest education level of either parent being high school; Coll ij : indicator for highest education level of either parent being college; and Eng ij : indicator for test language (English) spoken at home. p0010 Prof ij is a binary variable (1 ¼ Yes, 0 ¼ No); therefore, an appropriate level-1 model is a logistic regression model. Specifically, the log of the odds that the student is proficient versus not proficient is specified as a linear function of the covariates,
IDENTIFYING WOMEN WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS DURING THE IN VITRO FERTILIZATION PROCESS: THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION TEST (PET)

Especially strong or inadequate emotional reactions during in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment may affect both the success of the treatment and later mental health. This study tested the possibility of using Psychological Evaluation Test for Infertile Couples (PET) scores to identify women with psychological problems during the IVF process, so that they can be offered psychological counseling. The sample comprised 158 women, all of whom were undergoing the IVF treatment at the time of the study, and 128 women who had at least one child conceived without difficulties. All of the respondents filled in a questionnaire concerning their emotional status and coping competencies, while the PET was given only to the respondents undergoing IVF. Respondents with higher PET scores (> 30) have significantly higher Negative Affectivity and Shame in front of others, and lower Positive Affectivity and Coping competencies than the group with low PET scores (≤ 30) and women who conceived without difficulties. Respondents with lower PET scores do not significantly differ from women who conceived without difficulties. The results obtained suggest that the PET cut-off score > 30 may be considered a reliable measure to identify women with psychological problems i.e., reaching scores of > 30 can be taken as an indicator of the need for psychological support.
ON THE MID-INFRARED VARIABILITY OF CANDIDATE ERUPTIVE VARIABLES (EXORS): A COMPARISON BETWEEN SPITZER AND WISE DATA

Aiming to statistically study the variability in the mid-IR of young stellar objects, we have compared the 3.6, 4.5, and 24 μm Spitzer fluxes of 1478 sources belonging to the C2D (Cores to Disks) legacy program with the WISE fluxes at 3.4, 4.6, and 22 μm. From this comparison, we have selected a robust sample of 34 variable sources. Their variations were classified per spectral Class (according to the widely accepted scheme of Class I/flat/II/III protostars), and per star forming region. On average, the number of variable sources decreases with increasing Class and is definitely higher in Perseus and Ophiuchus than in Chamaeleon and Lupus. According to the paradigm Class ≡ Evolution, the photometric variability can be considered to be a feature more pronounced in less evolved protostars, and, as such, related to accretion processes. Moreover, our statistical findings agree with the current knowledge of star formation activity in different regions. The 34 selected variables were further investigated for similarities with known young eruptive variables, namely the EXors. In particular, we analyzed (1) the shape of the spectral energy distribution, (2) the IR excess over the stellar photosphere, (3) magnitude versus color variations, and (4) output parameters of model fitting. This first systematic search for EXors ends up with 11 bona fide candidates that can be considered as suitable targets for monitoring or future investigations.
Characterization of the Sphingolipidome of the Peri-Infarct Tissue during Hemorrhagic Transformation in a Mouse Model of Cerebral Ischemia.

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases like stroke cause changes to sphingolipid mediators like sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) or its ceramide analogs, which bear the potential to either alleviate or exacerbate the neurological damage. Therefore, the precise identification of alterations within the sphingolipidome during ischemic stroke (IS) and hemorrhagic transformation (HT) harbors a putative therapeutic potential to orchestrate local and systemic immunomodulatory processes. Due to the scarcity of research in this field, we aimed to characterize the sphingolipidome in IS and HT. METHODS C57BL/6 mice underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and specimens of the peri-infarct tissue were taken for sphingolipid profiling. RESULTS Ischemic stroke resulted in reduced S1P whilst ceramides were elevated six hours post ischemia onset. However, these differences were nearly revoked at 24 hours post ischemia onset. Moreover, the topmost S1P and ceramide levels were linked to the presence of HT after MCAO. In this study we show the characterization of the sphingolipidomic landscape of the peri-infarct tissue after ischemic stroke and HT. Especially, highest values of S1P, C 18 lactosylceramide, C 18 glucosylceramide, and C 24:1 ceramide were nearly entirely expressed by mice with HT. CONCLUSIONS Our results warrant further investigations into the immunomodulatory consequences of altered sphingolipid species for the development of HT after IS.
Density Gradients, Cellular Structure and Thermal Conductivity of High-Density Polyethylene Foams by Different Amounts of Chemical Blowing Agent

LDPE (low-density polyethylene) foams were prepared using the improved compression moulding technique (ICM) with relative densities ranging from 0.3 to 0.7 and with different levels of chemical blowing agents (from 1% to 20%). The density gradients, cellular structure and thermal conductivity of the foams were characterized. The density and amount of CBA used were found to have a significant effect on the cellular structure both at the mesoscale (density gradients) and at the microscale (different cell sizes and cell densities). In addition, the thermal conductivity of the samples is very sensitive to the local structure where the heat flux is located. The technique used to measure this property, the Transient Plane Source method (TPS), makes it possible to detect the presence of density gradients. A simple method for determining these gradients based on thermal conductivity data was developed.
Design concept of a low-terahertz imaging radar

THz imaging proved to be an efficient and powerful NDE method for the inspection of materials and detection of defects. Here, we present the development of a Low-Terahertz Imaging Radar(L-TIR) which is specifically designed for the evaluation of FRP composites. L-TIR will be a compact active radar with a laser pulse transmitter and a receiver which operates at the lower THz band (1THz-2THz). L-TIR will probe the structure and sub-layers of the FRP composites which makes it a suitable and fast tool to detect the cracks, breaks and deamination at sub-mm resolution.
Analysis and prediction of power distribution network loss based on machine learning

In this paper, the historical network loss is calculated by using the cleaned historical data collected by the user electricity meter, the transformer gateway meter every 15 min and the gateway meter of the transformer substation every half an hour. Use machine learning technologies to analyze the loss of distribution network, reveal the changing law of distribution network loss and its influencing factors (electrical/non‐electrical parameters), and predict future distribution network loss. Pearson correlation, characteristics of the Random Forest important attributes and MIC (Maximal Information Coefficient) are adopted to analyze correlations between the power network loss and the electrical parameters such as unbalanced three‐phase, power factor, load rate, active power, reactive power together with atmospheric factors (temperature, humidity, and wind speed). The factors strongly related to network loss as the input of the multi‐parallel input multi‐step output stacking LSTM (Long Term Memory) prediction model to predict network loss. The simulation data in this paper comes from the actual data of 44 subareas of the 10 KV distribution network. The experimental results show that the data cleaning methods: the cluster‐based Local Outlier Factor algorithm and the improved Random Forest imputation algorithm are effective for enhancing the prediction accuracy. Especially the improved Random Forest algorithm is robust to all missing forms. Compared with the baseline model, the multi‐parallel input multi‐step output stacking LSTM prediction model has higher forecasting accuracy.
INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF THE DIFFUSE IONIZED HALOS OF EDGE-ON GALAXIES

We present a study of ionized gas, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and H2 emission in the halos of three edge-on galaxies, NGC 891, NGC 5775, and NGC 3044, based on 10–20 μm Spitzer Space Telescope spectra. The [Ne iii]/[Ne ii] ratio, an excellent measure of radiation hardness, rises with z in the halo of NGC 891. It is also higher in the halo of NGC 5775 than in the disk. NGC 3044 presents a more confusing situation. To explain the [Ne iii]/[Ne ii] as well as optical line ratio behavior in NGC 891, we carry out a simple exploration of parameter space with CLOUDY, which indicates a large increase in radiation temperature with height. Illustrative examples of physical models using a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code show that the rising neon ratio may be explained by adding a vertically extended, hot stellar source to a thin disk of massive stars. However, several other sources of hard spectra may be relevant. PAH features have scale heights of 430–530 pc in NGC 891 and 720–1080 pc in NGC 5775, suggesting they can be transported by disk–halo flows. Within NGC 891 and NGC 5775, scale heights are similar for all PAHs. For NGC 891, the scale heights exceed that of 8 μm emission, indicating a transition from more ionized to more neutral PAHs with height. Most PAH equivalent widths are higher in the halos. H217.03 μm emission with scale heights of 550–580 pc in NGC 891 and 850 pc in NGC 5775 suggests a molecular component in a surprisingly thick layer.
TOURISM-LED ECONOMIC GROWTH HYPOTHESIS - AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION FOR SERBIA

As it is commonly believed that tourism contributes positively to economic growth, many developing countries rely on tourism in their efforts to enhance their economic conditions. Serbia has also given priority to the development of tourism industry as a part of its economic growth strategy. In this paper we analyze the long-term effects of tourism on the economic growth of Serbia. More specifically, the tourism-led economic growth (TLEG) hypothesis is tested, which implies that tourism is a trigger of Serbian economic growth. This study investigates the causal relations between tourism growth and economic expansion for the Serbian economy by using cointegration analysis. The obtained results show that the hypothesis of tourism-led economic growth in the Serbian economy is confirmed.
Investigating the effects of chemistry on molecular line profiles of infalling low‐mass cores

We have coupled a chemical model with two dynamical models of collapsing low-mass star-forming cores to predict abundances across the core of the commonly used infall tracers, CS and HCO+, at various stages of the collapse. The models investigated are a new ambipolar diffusion model and the ‘inside-out’ collapse model. We then used these results as an input to a radiative transfer model to predict the line profiles of several transitions of these molecules. For the inside-out collapse model, we predict significant molecular depletion due to freeze-out in the core centre, which prevents the formation of the blue asymmetry (believed to be the ‘signature’ of infall) in the line profiles. Molecular depletion also occurs in the ambipolar diffusion model during the late stages of collapse, but the line profiles still exhibit a strong blue asymmetry due to extended infall. For the inside-out collapse model to exhibit the blue asymmetry, it is necessary to impose a negative kinetic temperature gradient on the core and suppress freeze-out. Since freeze-out is observed in several class 0 protostars which are thought to be collapsing, this presents a major inconsistency in the inside-out collapse model of star formation.
Fermionic response in finite-density ABJM theory with broken symmetry

We calculate fermionic response in domain wall backgrounds of four-dimensional gauged supergravity interpolating between distinct stable AdS vacua, holographically dual to zerotemperature states of ABJM theory at nite density for monopole charge. The backgrounds were found by Bobev et al. and are similar to zero-temperature limits of holographic superconductors, but with a symmetry-breaking source as well. The condensed scalar mixes charged and neutral elds dual to composite fermionic operators in the top-down Dirac equations. Both gapped and gapless bands of stable quasiparticles are found.