Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prescribing pattern of antibiotics in community-acquired pneumonia in a teaching hospital of Southeast Asia

Objective: To study and describe the antibiotic prescribing habits of physicians for 117 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Materials and Methods: A medicine consultant or a pulmonologist supervised and treated 45 (38%) patients. Out of 45 patients, 7 (16%) were given macrolide, 12 (26%) received beta-lactam antibiotics, 14 (31%) were given a combination of beta-lactam and macrolide, and 12 (26%) were given a combination of more than one antibiotics. Seventy-two (62%) patients were seen by other specialists, of whom 5 (6%) were given macrolide, 35 (48%) were given beta-lactam, 4 (6%) were administered a combination of beta-lactam and macrolide, 2 (3%) received quinolones, and 26 (36%) patients received various combinations. In 47 out of 117 patients, therapy was modified, which included 12 patients who underwent step-down switch. The duration of hospitalization was 26 days for those patients whose therapy was modified. Patients who underwent step-down switch had a hospital stay of 7 days, whereas those who did not have any modification in the treatment stayed for 10 days in the hospital. Results: Beta-lactam antibiotic was more commonly used, at least 3.8 times more than a macrolide. Other combinations of antibiotics were given in 28%, 68%, and 44% of patients treated by a medicine specialist, pulmonologist, and other specialties, respectively. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that in spite of the advances of knowledge in the management of CAP, there exists variability in the prescribing habits of the attending physician.
Gentisyl Alcohol Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis via Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Regulation of MAPK and PI3K/AKT Pathways in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells

Ovarian cancer is one of the prevalent gynecological cancers occurring in women. In particular, the efficiency of standard therapeutic methods decreases when recurrence and chemoresistance ensue. To assist standard anti-cancer agents in the cure of ovarian cancer, development and application of new compounds such as small molecules or natural products are required. Gentisyl alcohol is one of the secondary metabolites that can be obtained by purification from bacteria or fungi and is known to have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-cancer effects. In the present study, we verified the effect of gentisyl alcohol derived from marine Arthrinium sp. on suppressing proliferation and inducing apoptosis via DNA fragmentation in human ovarian cancers cells (ES2 and OV90 cells). We also confirmed that there was an accumulation of sub-G1 cells and a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential with calcium dysregulation in gentisyl alcohol-treated ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, gentisyl alcohol up-regulated signal transduction of MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Collectively, our results demonstrated the possibility of gentisyl alcohol as a novel therapeutic agent for human ovarian cancer.
Correlations And Correlates Of Post-Traumatic Growth And Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms In Patients With Breast Cancer

Purpose Although post-traumatic growth (PTG) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) might develop and coexist after a major trauma, few studies have simultaneously examined them in patients with breast cancer. This study investigated the correlation between PTG and PTSS and their differential correlates in patients with breast cancer. Patients and methods Overall, 145 patients with breast cancer were recruited. PTG and PTSS were assessed using the PTG inventory and the Chinese version of startle, physiological arousal, anger, and numbness, respectively. We investigated the effects of demographics, chemotherapy, depression, family support, alexithymia, and anxiety symptoms on PTG and PTSS. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to select the independent correlates of PTSS and PTG. Result An association was observed between PTG and PTSS (r = 0.21). Based on multiple regression models, the common correlate of PTG (β = 0.271) and PTSS (β = 0.212) was anxiety symptoms. Differential independent correlates were years of education (β = 0.272), receiving chemotherapy (β = 0.248), and family support (β = 0.259) for PTG, and chronic pain (β = 0.316) and poor cognition (β = −0.350) for PTSS. Conclusion Differential correlates were observed for PTG and PTSS in patients with breast cancer. Possible mechanisms and relationships between PTG and PTSS were discussed.
Comparison of prostate cancer detection rates of various prostate biopsy methods for patients with prostate-specific antigen levels of <10.0 ng/mL in real-world practice

Purpose Several strategies of prostate biopsy (PBx) have been introduced to improve prostate cancer (PCa) detection rates. However, studies comparing cancer detection rates (CDRs) according to biopsy methods in real-world practice are scarce. This study aimed to investigate CDRs according to the biopsy methods for patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) <10.0 ng/mL. Materials and Methods From 2006 to 2015, patients who underwent PBx were initially selected. All patients were categorized according to the biopsy methods performed (magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy [MR-TBx], 12+2 hypoechoic lesion target biopsy, saturation biopsy [sPBx], extended biopsy, and 12-core PBx). The CDR of MR-TBx was compared to that of sPBx and other protocols. Volume per core (VPC) was defined as prostate volume divided by the number of biopsy cores. Patients previously diagnosed with PCa were excluded. Results Of the 1,598 patients (median PSA, 5.41 ng/mL), 401 (25.1%) were diagnosed with PCa. Among the biopsy methods, MR-TBx has the highest CDR and proportion of Gleason score ≥7 (3+4). Biopsy methods, VPC, age, prostate volume, and PSA were associated with PCa detection. In the sub-analysis for initial biopsy, MR-TBx had no significant difference with sPBx, but had higher CDR than the other biopsy protocols. For repeat biopsy, VPC, rather than the biopsy method, was associated with CDR. Conclusions This study reaffirmed the efficacy of MR-TBx on CDR in real-world practice. In cases with barriers to performing magnetic resonance imaging, VPC might be useful for adjusting the optimal number of biopsy cores in repeat biopsy.
Lower limb muscle activity underlying temporal gait asymmetry post-stroke

OBJECTIVE Asymmetric walking after stroke is common, detrimental, and difficult to treat, but current knowledge of underlying physiological mechanisms is limited. This study investigated electromyographic (EMG) features of temporal gait asymmetry (TGA). METHODS Participants post-stroke with or without TGA and control adults (n = 27, 8, and 9, respectively) performed self-paced overground gait trials. EMG, force plate, and motion capture data were collected. Lower limb muscle activity was compared across groups and sides (more/less affected). RESULTS Significant group by side interaction effects were found: more affected plantarflexor stance activity ended early (p = .0006) and less affected dorsiflexor on/off time was delayed (p < .01) in persons with asymmetry compared to symmetric and normative controls. The TGA group exhibited fewer dorsiflexor bursts during swing (p = .0009). CONCLUSIONS Temporal patterns of muscular activation, particularly about the ankle around the stance-to-swing transition period, are associated with TGA. The results may reflect specific impairments or compensations that affect locomotor coordination. SIGNIFICANCE Neuromuscular underpinnings of spatiotemporal asymmetry have not been previously characterized. These novel findings may inform targeted therapeutic strategies to improve gait quality after stroke.
Comprehensive Model of Lung Cancer Prediction and Prognosis

Comprehensive Model of Lung Cancer Prediction and Prognosis Joseph J. Putila Two unresolved issues in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer are the assessment of risk of recurrence beyond the use of tumor stage alone, and the selection of an effective chemotherapeutic agent for patients with similar tumor morphology. A prognostic model able to identify high or low-risk patients with a high degree of accuracy can be used to inform clinicians on potential improvements to the current clinical practice. Clinical presentation, pathology, demographics, and genomics have been independently verified as influencing survival. A comprehensive model capable of incorporating multiple predictors into a unified measure has the potential to simplify risk assessment and more accurately model the determinants of patient outcome. In order to accomplish this, patient characteristics including tumor stage, grade, patient race, age, COPD status ,and sex were assessed using Cox proportional hazards modeling across combinations of surgical, radiological, and chemotherapeutic treatments. A comprehensive model combining these factors was created and showed superior prognostic ability when compared to stage alone. In order to identify miRNA markers for chemoresponse, this patient data was then compared with information on miRNA expression from both a clinical cohort and the NCI-60 anti-cancer screen. A set of predictive and prognostic miRNA were selected by measuring the association between miRNA expression and diseasespecific patient survival. The sets of significant miRNA were seen to have strong associations with mechanisms of apoptosis and cell-cycle control in an analysis of networked molecules. The results show that a comprehensive model lends itself to a more accurate assessment of patient risk, and that these improvements persist across a variety of patient profiles and treatment modalities. Additionally, miRNA expression appears to play a role in patient response to chemotherapy when assessed across categories of disease progression. Multiple miRNA showed significant associations with disease-specific survival in the population analysis. These associations were able to be corroborated in the clinical and cellular data, demonstrating that this approach may be useful for identifying broad patterns of genomic expression which influence sensitivity and resistance to chemotherapy, and hold promise in further developing clinical tools for prediction. It was shown that the large, well-annotated, and diverse patient sample derived from registry and administrative data can be leveraged to approach two of the major unresolved issues in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
Community-Based Social Marketing—Creating Lasting, Sustainable, Environmental Change: Case Study of a Household Stormwater Management Program in the Region of Waterloo, Ontario

With increased frequency of extreme weather events due to climate change, there is growing need for urban, small-scale adaptation and preventative measures such as stormwater management to reduce the risk of flooding. Homeowners are often reluctant to adopt preventative stormwater measures without tangible benefits or direct experience with the flooding risks or other negative externalities. Using community-based social marketing (CBSM) as a framework, we investigated how to more effectively encourage stormwater management at the household level. In collaboration with the Canadian non-profit organization, Reep Green Solutions (Region of Waterloo, Ontario), we focused on an existing program, the RAIN Home Visit (RHV), which was designed to increase engagement in pro-environmental stormwater management behaviors. Reports from the RHV were assessed, and past program participants were interviewed using a semi-structured question set to identify barriers encountered in enacting these behaviors and to assess the program for inclusion of CBSM principles and tools. Surveys were used to collect demographic data from participants. We found that while preferred behaviors were explained and incentives were provided, more thorough, clear explanation was needed for homeowners as well as incentives of suitable size and value to effectively motivate homeowners to change. Key features that should be included in future RHV programs are public commitments, follow-up, and reminders. Further research should consider risk perception impacts with CBSM, to determine how these can work together and, perhaps, which precedes the other. Some people may be more influenced by social norms to act and others by risk perception.
Biopsy and rebiopsy for non-small-cell lung cancer: current and future methods

Paul Zarogoulidis*,1, Christoforos Kosmidis1, Varvara Fyntanidou2, Zoi Aidoni1, Kosmas Tsakiridis3, Charilaos Koulouris1, Nikolaos Michalopoulos1, Anastasios Barmpas1, Haidong Huang4, Chong Bai4, Wolfgang Hohenforst-Schmidt5 & Konstantinos Sapalidis1 1Third Department of Surgery, ‘AHEPA’ University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece 2Anesthesiology Department, ‘AHEPA’ University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece 3Thoracic Surgery Department, ‘Interbalkan’ European Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece 4Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China 5Sana Clinic Group Franken, Department of Cardiology/Pulmonology/Intensive Care/Nephrology, ‘Hof’ Clinics, University of Erlangen, Hof, Germany *Author for correspondence: pzarog@hotmail.com
Efficacy of Stabilization Exercise for Neck Pain: A Narrative Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies

Abstract Introduction Stabilization exercise may be an important approach to alleviate neck pain. However, its use has not been well established. We conduct a narrative review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of stabilization exercise to control neck pain. Methods PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials are searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the influence of stabilization exercise on neck pain are included. Two investigators independently have searched articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies. Meta-analysis is performed using the random-effect model. Results Five RCTs involving 217 patients are included in the meta-analysis. Compared with control intervention for neck pain, stabilization exercises has no notable impact on pain intensity (Std. MD=−0.55; 95% CI=−1.24 to 0.14; P=0.12), neck disability index (Std. MD=−0.44; 95% CI=−1.01 to 0.13; P=0.13), SF-36 physical health (Std. MD=−0.18; 95% CI=−0.61 to 0.26; P=0.43), SF-36 mental health (Std. MD=−0.03; 95% CI=−0.47 to 0.41; P=0.89), but can remarkably decrease depression scale (Std. MD=−1.05; 95% CI=−1.59 to −0.50; P=0.0002). Conclusions Stabilization exercises shows similar impact on pain intensity, neck disability index, SF-36 physical health and SF-36 mental health, but significant reduced depression scale compared with control intervention in patients with neck pain.
Adult Psychiatric and Offending Outcomes of Paediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

5 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. 6 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. 7 Definitions of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. 7 Issues with paediatric mTBI conceptualisation. 8 Epidemiology. 10 Definition of mTBI. 10 Incidence. 10 Sex differences in incidence . 11 Cause of injury. 12 Methodological Difficulties with Research on Paediatric mTBI. 12 Sample issues. 12 Comparison groups. 13 Criteria for a methodologically strong study. 14 Factors Affecting Outcomes of Paediatric mTBI . 15 Influence of sex on outcome. 15 Internalising disorders. 16 Externalising behaviours. 17 Age at injury, age at testing, and duration since injury. 17 Age at injury. 18 Critical stages of development. 20 Methodological issues with age at injury. 20 Duration since injury. 20 The Need for Longitudinal Research. 21 Overview of Psychiatric and Behavioural Outcomes of TBI. 27 Psychiatric outcomes. 27 Major depressive disorder. 28 Anxiety disorders. 30 Behavioural outcomes. 31 Offending and disordered behaviour. 31 Summary. 34 The Current Study. 35 Objectives. 35 Hypotheses. 35 Strengths of study. 36 CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY. 37 Research Design. 37 Sampling Procedure and Participant Characteristics. 37 Inclusion criteria. 37 Mild TBI inclusion criteria. 38 Moderate/severe TBI inclusion criteria. 38 Orthopedic injury inclusion criteria. 39 Sample Size, Power and Precision. 41 Measures and Procedure. 41 Reliability and Validity. 42 Major depressive disorder. 42 Anxiety disorders. 43 Internalising disorders. 43 Substance abuse and/or dependence. 43 Offending behaviours. 43 Arrests, diversions and/or convictions. 43 Externalising behaviours. 44 Statistical Analysis. 44 CHAPTER 3: RESULTS. 45 Major depressive disorder. 45 Anxiety disorders. 49 Internalising disorders. 53 Offending behaviour. 57 Arrests. 61 Diversions and/or convictions. 63 Substance abuse and/or dependence. 67 Externalising behaviours. 70 Summary. 73 CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION. 75 Findings. 75 Internalising disorders. 75 Externalising behaviours. 77 Sex. 78 Age at injury. 80 Duration since injury. 80 Alternative Explanations. 81 Suggestions for Future Research. 82 Generalisability. 83 Strengths. 84 Sample size. 84 Control group and control for pre-injury risk factors. 85 Longitudinal design. 85 Clear definition of mTBI. 85 Standardised tests. 86 Limitations. 86 Implications and Clinical Significance. 87 Clinical implications for sex differences in outcome. 89 Conclusion. 89 REFERENCES. 91 APPENDICES. 102
Preinfection Risk Perceptions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Homosexual and Bisexual Men

Preinfection Risk Perceptions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Homosexual and Bisexual Men by Benjamin R. Singer DNP, Chamberlain College of Nursing, 2015 MSN, University of Cincinnati, 2013 BSN, Chamberlain College of Nursing, 2010 ASN, Bryant and Stratton College, 2007 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Nursing
Developing School Heads as Instructional Leaders in School–Based Assessment: Challenges and Next Steps

The study explored challenges faced by school leaders in the Pacific nation of Solomon Islands in school-based assessment, and the adequacy of an assessment course to prepare them. A questionnaire including both open and closed-ended questions elicited relevant data from the school leaders. Modelling best practices in school-based assessment was recognised as a major challenge for them. Their responses indicate their feeling that the limitations of their knowledge and skills lie at the heart of their difficulties in effective use of this assessment method. They trace the origin of their problems to an initial teacher training programme that included little on assessment, which adversely affected their ability to work as instructional leaders in assessment for learning and teaching in schools. Their critical reflection on the assessment course they completed as part of a current leadership programme suggests the preparation has been adequate in giving them new knowledge and skills in applying best practices in school-based assessment. Though only on a small scale, this study implies that greater attention to this area to promote children's learning is warranted. The value of best practices in assessment is applicable not only in Solomon Islands but also in other education systems within and beyond the Pacific region, to ensure meaningful progress and development in education.
Is radiotherapy is good or bad?

Radiation therapy is the treatment of ionizing radiation diseases. Ionizing radiation used for therapeutic purposes. It has high energy radiation in the megavoltage range. Radiation therapy can be used for curative or paliative treatment. Radiation therapy has many applications in nonmalignant conditions like the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, disease of the thyroid gland, pterygium, pigmented synovitis, prevention keloid scar growth and prevention of heterotopic ossification. In this article we discuss about the role of Radiation therapy and its clinical
EMG measurement of the adductor muscles during walking and running

Introduction Increased pelvic drop has been linked to a range of musculoskeletal running injuries and may be linked to atypical activation pattern of the muscles surrounding the pelvis. However, to date, previous research investigating pelvic drop has focused on the abductor group, with minimal focus on the adductor group. Importantly, the over-activation of the adductor muscles could increase the adduction movement at the hip and therefore increase pelvic drop. However, this has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the studies within this thesis aimed to develop a valid and reliable protocol for measuring the activity of the adductor muscles and to investigate the association between adductor activation patterns and pelvic drop. Methods Ethical approvals were obtained from the University of Salford. Study 1 quantified the relative movement of the adductor muscles under the skin at different hip joint angles and during incremental isometric contraction. In addition, it explored the relationship between adductor torque and the corresponding EMG amplitudes during ramped isometric contraction in 10 participants. Study 2 investigated the between-day reliability for EMG measurements for the adductor muscles collected during both walking and running in 10 healthy runners. Study 3 described the EMG profile and the inter-subject variability for the adductor muscles during running in 25 runners. Study 4 investigated the association between the frontal pelvic plane movement and the adductor activation pattern during the early stance phase of running in 25 runners. Results The results of Study 1 suggested that placing the surface electrodes centrally over the adductor muscles ensure that the adductor muscles remain within the EMG electrode detection volume. Study 2 showed good to high between days reliability in both walking and running for the EMG that was developed for measuring adductor muscles activity. Study 3 suggested that the adductor magnus and gracilis muscles activate at the foot strike while the adductor longus activates at toe off. Study 4 showed that there was a significant strong positive correlation between the degree of adductor magnus activity and the pelvic drop angle. Conclusions The thesis establishes a robust and reliable method for measuring the activity of the adductor muscles using surface EMG electrodes in walking and running. Importantly, runners who exhibit increased pelvic drop also appear to demonstrate increased activity of adductor magnus during early stance phase. This finding motivates future clinical trials which could focus on muscle coordination retraining in order to improve kinematic patterns which have been linked to running-related injuries.