Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stratospheric controls on northern hemisphere storm tracks

The winter time stratospheric circulation and the tropospheric storm track responses to global warming remain uncertain. Further, the understanding of the mechanisms by which the winter time stratospheric circulation response impact the tropospheric eddy-driven jet and storm track response is still incomplete. The framework of this thesis aims at isolating the mechanisms relevant for stratospheric circulation responses in order to constrain uncertainties. This is pursued by developing and applying the idealized ICON-DRY model. It is tailored to study the stratosphere-troposphere coupled response. More precisely, the model is constructed in such a way that it is non-simplified regarding the presentation of radiative processes, but highly idealized regarding the representation of moist processes. The dry tropospheric circulation is then forced by idealized prescribed zonally symmetric thermal forcing that substitutes moisture-related heating processes. The model framework allows for prescribing additional thermal forcing. The procedure to test the circulation response to external forcing is, therefore, technically similar to the procedure in dry dynamical core models, but with a full representation of radiationwave interactions. The experiments are performed by prescribing idealized additional thermal forcing that resembles Tropical Amplification (TA), Polar Amplification (PA) and CO2 induced Stratopause Cooling (SC) in combination with idealized orography. If only dry transient waves are involved in the response to TA, wave propagation changes dominate and wave generation changes are rather unimportant. Wave propagation changes are highly sensitive to the mean state of the control experiment’s eddy-driven jet position. An increase of wave generation is only found, if stationary waves or moisture are included in the response to TA or if an additional zonally asymmetric PA is prescribed. The presence of moisture leads to increased tropospheric wave generation amplifying the high latitude dissipation change and the easterly change of the polar vortex. Further, planetary wave generation increases potentially through and upward energy transfer from synoptic-scale waves. Under dry conditions, if stationary waves are involved in the response to TA, two
QR Code Detection and Recognition Algorithm for Industrial Control

Taking QR Code as an example,the detection and recognition technology of the two-dimensional bar code for industrial control is researched in this paper.First,Retinex theory is used for illumination correction of images captured under poor illumination.Then according to the character of QR Code,a segmentation algorithm based on edge information is proposed,and a fast bar code detection algorithm is designed.At last,the model of blurred bar code image caused by Gaussian function is analyzed.After the variance of Gaussian function is obtained,the algorithm based on Inverse filter is proposed to recover the image.The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper is promising in terms of both reliability and computational efficiency.It can locate the barcode in complicated background effectively,and achieve higher recognition rate,which suffices to the requirement of the practical use in industrial control.
Groundwater and contaminant mass fluxes monitoring in heterogeneous aquifers

5 Résumé . 7 Knowledge dissemination . 9 Acknowledgements . 15 Table of content. 17 List of symbols and acronyms . 19 List of figures . 21 List of tables . 27 Introduction . 29 The current challenge of mass flux measurement in contaminated aquifers . 29 Research objectives . 31 Thesis outline . 31 1. Mass flux as fundamental metric for contaminated aquifers management . 33 1.1. The environmental challenge of groundwater resources protection and management . 34 1.2. Contaminated sites in Europe and Wallonia . 35 1.3. Concepts of mass flux and mass discharge. 37 1.4. Methods for contaminant mass discharge calculation . 42 1.5. Techniques and methods for contaminant mass flux measurement . 46 1.6. Techniques and methods for groundwater fluxes measurement . 50 1.7. Time variability of groundwater flow and consequences on mass flux measurements . 64 1.8. Conclusion . 65 2. The Finite Volume Point Dilution Method: theoretical concepts and developments . 67 2.1. Origin and fundamental principles of the FVPDM. 68 2.2. Mathematical basis for the FVPDM . 68 2.3. Analytical solution for FVPDM interpretation in steady state groundwater flow . 71 2.4. Generalization of the FVPDM to transient state groundwater flow . 73 2.5. General experimental setup . 76 2.6. Dimensioning flow chart for FVPDM experiments . 77 18 3. Study of the accuracy, of the precision and of the resolution of the FVPDM . 81 3.1. Laboratory validation of the FVPDM for measuring horizontal flows . 82 3.2. Evaluation of the precision of the FVPDM versus PDM in a fractured aquifer . 92 3.3. Field monitoring of a controlled transient groundwater flux using the FVPDM . 110 4. Field scale applications of the FVPDM . 125 4.1. Groundwater flux measurement in aquifers of the discontinuous permafrost zone . 126 4.2. Field scale mass discharge measurement from a controlled solute plume . 146 4.3. Innovative contaminant mass flux monitoring in an aquifer influenced by tidal effects. 160 General conclusion and perspectives . 177 Synthesis of the main research outcomes . 177 Conclusions . 178 Perspectives . 179 References . 181
Concept Analysis: Value Based Curriculum

1Dean of School of Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2PhD Candidate at School of Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Education. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences University. 5Vice-Dean for Research School of Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.
Communicative Networking and Linguistic Mashups on Web 2.0

This chapter discusses the application of a range of Web 2.0 technologies to language education. It argues that Web 2.0 is fundamentally about networking, community building, and identity negotiation. Given the textual nature of the Web, all of this is made possible primarily through the medium of language. Consequently, Web 2.0 is ideally suited to the teaching of language and literacy. To be most effective, this requires a broadly social constructivist pedagogical approach as well as a willingness to work with the messy reality of linguistic “mashups,” the hybrid uses of languages, codes, and media which inform Web 2.0.
Extracting Method of Respiratory Rate

Family detection instrument for respiratory rate survey is not abundant.A modified differential pulse interval difference algorithm was proposed by extracting respiratory rate from PPG(Photoplethysmography). Experimental data from five volunteers were compared with standard CO2 method,PPG spectrum method and ECG heart rate variability method.The results show that the presented method of extracting respiratory rate is practicable.
Synchrotron Radiation Research and Analysis of the Particulate Matter in Deep Ice Cores: An Overview of the Technical Challenges

Airborne dust extracted from deep ice core perforations can provide chemical and mineralogical insight into the history of the climate and atmospheric conditions, with unrivalled temporal resolution, time span and richness of information. The availability of material for research and the natural complexity of the particulate, however, pose significant challenges to analytical methods. We present the developments undertaken to optimize the experimental techniques, materials and protocols for synchrotron radiation-based analysis, in particular for the acquisition of combined Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Fluorescence and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy data.
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO GROUNDWATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN DETERMINING FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE GEOCHEMISTRY AND ORIGIN OF SANDSTONE AQUIFER SOUTHERN NIGER DELTA REGION OF NIGERIA

Rapid industrialization and oil exploration activities are believed to have influence on groundwater quality globally, and Niger Delta Region of Nigeria is no exception. Hence, this research is conducted to evaluate factors that affect groundwater origin and its geochemistry. For the purpose of this study, 20 groundwater samples were collected (4 from borehole and 16 from hand-dug wells). The parameters used in the assessment include physical parameters; pH, total dissolved solid and electrical conductivity and chemical parameters such as; major cations and anions. From the findings it was observed that pH values fell within the slightly acidic range with the exception of sample location HG/08 with value of 7.01 which can be considered as neutral. The dominant factors that influence groundwater origin and geochemistry within the study area are mainly precipitatio n and weathering. From Gibb’s plot ninety percent (90 %) of groundwater chemistry is influenced by precipitation. Soltan classification showed that 98 % of groundwater belongs to (Na + – SO 42¯ ), hence it can be classified as deep meteoric (precipitation influenced), while the remaining two percent (2%) is of (Na + - HCO 3¯ ) and can be classified as shallow meteoric type. Lastly from relationship between Cl¯/HCO 3 ¯ groundwater was slightly moderately affected by saline water intrusion.
Detrital zircon U–Pb dating and Hf isotope study of late Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks in central–eastern Jilin Province, NE China: Constraints for tectonic evolution of the eastern segment of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean

This paper reports in situ U–Pb ages and Hf isotopic data on detrital zircons from Palaeozoic strata in central‐eastern Jilin Province, NE China, with the aim of constraining the timing of final closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean and the tectonic evolution of the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Zircons from Middle to Late Permian Fanjiatun and Yangjiagou formations in central Jilin Province are characterized by four major groups of age populations (2.5–2.3 Ga, 1.9–1.7 Ga, 1.3–1.0 Ga, and Late Palaeozoic ages). The Paleo‐Mesoproterozoic and Cambrian zircons have positive εHf(t) values, suggesting that the source was mainly locally derived from the CAOB, whereas a lesser amount of Archean zircons with positive εHf(t) values, indicating that source from the North China Craton (NCC). The Phanerozoic zircons have both positive and negative εHf(t) values indicates that material from bidirectional provenances in the CAOB and the NCC. However, Late Permian Kaishantun Formation in eastern Jilin Province contain a single group of Phanerozoic zircons with positive εHf(t) values, distinct from known igneous zircons in the NCC, suggesting a local source. These observations, along with the results of previous studies on Middle–Late Permian igneous rocks in Jilin Province, indicate that the eastern segment of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean underwent the initial closure in central Jilin Province during the Middle Permian and the final closure in eastern Jilin Province in the Late Permian–Early Triassic. The detrital zircon geochronological data clearly record two stages of tectonic evolution and the scissor‐like closure model of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean in the eastern segment of the CAOB.
Timescales of the Climate Record in the South Polar Ice Cap of Mars

The South Polar Layered Deposits (SPLD) are the largest water ice reservoirs on Mars. Their accumulation is believed to result from climate oscillations that drive the movement of ice and dust on the surface. The High‐Resolution Imaging Science Experiment and the Colour and Stereo Surface Imaging System have imaged exposures of its internal structure in troughs and marginal scarps. Here we use the stereo imaging products of these instruments to extract stratigraphic profiles representative of various locations throughout the SPLD. Through wavelet and series‐matching analyses of these profiles, we reveal periodicities in the stratigraphy that correlate to the orbital oscillations that drive climate change on Mars and that have been observed to force the accumulation of the north polar cap. We infer that the water ice and dust of the SPLD were deposited at variable rates of 0.13–0.39 mm/year, taking a minimum of 10–30 Myr to accumulate.
Genetic Test Case Generation for Path-oriented Testing

Nowadays many researches have focused on structural ET based on statement and branch coverage and there are few researches on path-oriented ET. To solve this problem, this paper provokes an approach to construct the fitness function for test case generation in path-oriented ET based on the similarity evaluation techniques. First, a basic model for fitness function design is provided. The core of the model is to evaluate the similarity between the execution track and the target path. Accordingly three different algorithms for the similarity evaluation are provided. This model can automatically generate fitness function for each target path. The empirical studies present the superiority of the approach over several other path-oriented testing techniques, especially for the complex paths. Besides, the limitation and the applicable scope of the approach are pointed out.
Analysis of Various Cryptography Techniques: A Survey

Maintaining the confidentiality of data during communication has always been a prime concern of many researchers. Several encryption mechanisms have been developed in order to protect the secret data from the access of unauthorized users. Encryption can be thought of as a set of instruction used for conversion of data from a readable state to nonsense form. An encryption scheme is said to be effective if it provides high security, low computational time and high brute force search time for hackers. This paper is an effort to compare all the text based encryption schemes mentioned in literature. These schemes are implemented in MATLAB-2010 and their efficacy is compared based on various performance metrics such as time complexity, Correlation, Key sensitivity analysis, Differential attack analysis and Entropy. These results can be fruitful for researchers working in this direction.
Assessing and Mapping Changes in Agricultural Lands and Water Features in El-Hammam area, Northern Coast of Egypt

Changes in land use are evident in the north-western parts of Egypt mainly due to agricultural, industrial, tourism and urbanization activities. Accordingly, the main aim of the current study was to estimate the changes in agricultural lands and water features in El-Hammam area from 1987 to 2017 using remotely sensed data and techniques. For that purpose, Landsat data were collected during four periods (1987, 2001, 2007 and 2017). These data were preprocessed and analyzed. Two vegetation and water indices were used to study the changes in agricultural lands and water features in the studied area during these four periods of time. The two vegetation indices include the NDVI and the SAVI, whereas the two water indices are the NDWI and the MNDWI. The obtained results indicated a significant increase in agricultural areas, which is mainly due the increase in land reclamation and cultivation projects. The areas of water bodies were also increased, which could be attributed to the increase in agricultural irrigation and drainage. This reveals the importance of the studied area in agricultural development and sustainability.
Video Lectures in eLearning

Video presentations, also referred to as mini-lectures, micro-lectures, or simply video lectures, are becoming more prominent among the strategies used in hybrid or fully online teaching. Either interested in imitating a Khan Academy style of presenting content or responding to other pedagogical or administrative needs, there are more instructors now considering the creation of short video lectures for their courses than before. This chapter examines the use of video lectures in online and hybrid courses, describes the design and application of them in graduate and undergraduate courses, and analyzes primary and secondary data results to expose strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges experienced in the development and implementation of this technique. The use of short video lectures is a regular practice in MOOCs and has the potential of becoming a successful practice, especially with the expansion of new approaches such as the flipped classroom.
An Optimal Decision-Tree Design Strategy and Its Application to Sea Ice Classification from SAR Imagery

We introduce the fully automatic design of a numerically optimized decision-tree algorithm and demonstrate its application to sea ice classification from SAR data. In the decision tree, an initial multi-class classification problem is split up into a sequence of binary problems. Each branch of the tree separates one single class from all other remaining classes, using a class-specific selected feature set. We optimize the order of classification steps and the feature sets by combining classification accuracy and sequential search algorithms, looping over all remaining features in each branch. The proposed strategy can be adapted to different types of classifiers and measures for the class separability. In this study, we use a Bayesian classifier with non-parametric kernel density estimation of the probability density functions. We test our algorithm on simulated data as well as airborne and spaceborne SAR data over sea ice. For the simulated cases, average per-class classification accuracy is improved between 0.5% and 4% compared to traditional all-at-once classification. Classification accuracy for the airborne and spaceborne SAR datasets was improved by 2.5% and 1%, respectively. In all cases, individual classes can show larger improvements up to 8%. Furthermore, the selection of individual feature sets for each single class can provide additional insights into physical interpretation of different features. The improvement in classification results comes at the cost of longer computation time, in particular during the design and training stage. The final choice of the optimal algorithm therefore depends on time constraints and application purpose.
Component Based Software Development Case Studies

component based software development case studies is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the component based software development case studies is universally compatible with any devices to read.
SAPS in the 17 March 2013 Storm Event: Initial Results From the Coupled Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Model

Subauroral polarization stream (SAPS) is latitudinally narrow flow channels of large westward plasma drifts in the subauroral ionosphere. In this study, the global structure and dynamic evolution of SAPS are investigated by using the Coupled Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere‐Thermosphere model with ring current extension, namely, the Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry‐Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model‐Rice Convection Model, to simulate the 2013 St. Patrick's Day storm event. This is the first time that the global distribution and temporal evolution of SAPS are investigated using first‐principle models. The model shows a strong westward ion drift channel formed equatorward of the auroral electron precipitation boundary on the duskside, which is identified as the SAPS structure. The simulated ion drift velocity and auroral electron precipitation sampled along the trajectory of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F18 satellite are in good agreement with the satellite measurements. SAPS initiate in the predusk sector when the interplanetary magnetic field turns southward. SAPS latitude generally decreases with magnetic local time from dusk to midnight. The SAPS channel shows wedge, inverse wedge, and crescent morphologies during the storm and becomes discontinuous when the interplanetary magnetic field is weakly southward. The SAPS mean latitude has a correlation coefficient of 0.77 with the Dst index. The mean latitude moves equatorward, and the flow channel broadens in the storm main phase. The simulation results illustrate both the global distribution and highly dynamic behavior of SAPS that are not readily apparent from the observation data.
The Determinants of the Mode of Informal Transport Chosen in North Central City of Ilorin, Nigeria

Transportation is a necessity if the day-to-day economic activities of the society must move on. There are different modes of informal transport available in Nigeria. This study evaluated the determinants of the modal choice of informal transport among commuters in North central city of Ilorin, Nigeria. The study used primary data generated through a structured questionnaire administered to 100 commuters randomly selected in Ilorin metropolis. The study used a multinomial logit model for data analysis. The results showed that earnings and household size were the core determinants of the choice of informal transport mode. The study concluded that different informal transport modes available to the commuters gave them the opportunity to make choices based on their income and the transport cost in Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria.
A Conceptual Model of a Knowledge Warehouse

Both data warehouse (DW) and knowledge management (KM) facilitate decision-making processes. The DW makes it possible to carry out complex analyses of organizational transactions in order to provide decision makers with analyzed information (Rizzi, 2007) while KM efforts are directed toward solutions that support decisionmaking processes. In addition, KM can provide organizational resources (Holsapple, 2001) to enhance decision-making processes and facilitate decision-sharing of decentralized strategic decisions taken by autonomous managers. These steps allow the organization to be more responsive to a volatile environment (Nicolas, 2004). In this AbstrAct
How Do Variably Striking Faults Reactivate During Rifting? Insights From Southern Malawi

Crustal extension is commonly thought to be accommodated by faults that strike orthogonal and obliquely to the regional trend of the minimum compressive stress (σ3). Activation of oblique faults can, however, be conceptually problematic as under Andersonian faulting, it requires preexisting crustal weaknesses, high fluid pressures, and/or stress rotations. Furthermore, measurements of incremental fault displacements, which are typically used to identify oblique faulting, do not necessarily reflect regional stresses. Here, we assess oblique faulting by calculating the stress ratio (σ3/σ1, where σ1 is the maximum compressive stress), slip tendency, and effective coefficient of friction (μs′) required to reactivate variably striking normal faults under different trends of σ3. We apply this analysis to NW and NNE striking active faults at the southern end of the Malawi Rift, where NE‐SW, ENE‐WSW, E‐W, and SE‐NW σ3 trends have previously been proposed. A uniform σ3 trend is inferred for this region as recent joints sets do not rotate along the rift. With a NE‐SW trending σ3, NW‐striking faults are well oriented, however, NNE‐striking faults require μs′ < 0.6 to reactivate. This is inconsistent with a lack of frictionally weak phyllosilicates detected in the fault zone rocks. With an ENE‐WSW to E‐W trending σ3, all faults can reactivate at μs′ > 0.55. These σ3 trends are also comparable to a focal mechanism stress inversion, regional joint orientations, and previously reported geodetically derived extension directions. We therefore conclude that unlike typical models of oblique rifting, the southern Malawi Rift consists of faults that all strike slightly oblique to σ3.