Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF SILICON IN ALLEVIATING BIOTIC STRESS IN SUGARCANE IN SOUTH AFRICA

FOR MANY YEARS, silicon (Si) deficiency in crops was relatively unknown and this element was widely regarded as non-essential for plant growth. In recent years, Si has emerged as an important nutrient for a wide variety of crops including rice, sugarcane, wheat, barley and a range of horticultural crops. With the exception of potassium, sugarcane is known to take up more Si than any other mineral nutrient, with the potential to accumulate almost 400 kglha of Si, in a 12-month old irrigated crop, Early studies have tended to emphasise the role of Si in alleviating abiotic stress caused by factors such A1 and Mn toxicity in soils. In recent years, research increasingly has focused on the beneficial role of Si in alleviating biotic stress from factors such as pests and disease. In South Africa, the stalk borer Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) has been the most destnlctive pest in sugarcane and has over the past 30 years caused huge annual crop losses. This paper documents some of the more important studies and outcomes of research into the beneficial role of silicon amendments in increasing the resistance of sugarcane to the Eldana stalk borer, especially in varieties susceptible to this borer.
The PBP Bow-Tie framework for the systematic representation and comparison of military aviation regulatory frameworks

Abstract This paper presents a novel framework, based on traditional system safety modelling approaches, for the representation and comparison of airworthiness aviation frameworks. A disparate array of military airworthiness frameworks have emerged due to a lack of standardisation and the absence of a recognised organisation needed for the harmonisation of military regulatory frameworks. The complexity and subsequent cost in inter-agency recognition of existing certification programs has led to the establishment of a European forum of military airworthiness authorities. The forum is working towards establishing a common regulatory framework across its European member states. The common framework provides the systematic basis for a certification of military aircraft that can be readily recognised by all of the member states. This will have many cost and efficiency benefits for the EU. The framework and recognition process have recently been accepted as a method for establishing recognition outside of Europe, with some identified shortfalls. This paper establishes a method for overcoming these shortfalls for nations outside of europe. The Product-Behaviour-Process (PBP) Bow-Tie, which is a novel application of the traditional bowtie risk modelling tool, derives test points that capture the airworthiness attestations for the high-level engineering lifecycle processes of design, production and maintenance. The proposed framework is used to provide a comparison between the Australian Defence Force and United States Army regulatory frameworks. The comparative case-study clearly demonstrates the benefit of the PBP Bow-Tie model in its ability to systematically represent the disparate regulatory frameworks. A novel representation of the output is also described, which facilitates a visual comparison of the results. The application of the PBP Bow-Tie framework to the case-study of regulatory frameworks reveals significant differences that need to be addressed in order for inter-agency recognition.
of a modelling method in support of audit risk assessment

Internal controls constitute a key concept in the auditing domain. In the audit risk assessment process, auditors evaluate a firm’s internal control system to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of the entity’s objectives. The present work reflects upon the design of a domain-specific modelling language for internal controls modelling. It investigates the potentials of an enterprise modelling approach to audit risk assessment, reconstructs technical terminology in the auditing domain, and discusses design decisions and design alternatives by means of tentative language specifications.
Regulation of Development by the matA Complex Locus in Physarum polycephalum

The transformation of uninucleate amoebae of Physarum polycephalum into multinucleate plasmodia is under the control of a multiallelic mating-type locus, matA. Plasmodium formation usually occurs only when amoebal fusion brings together two different matA alleles within a single cell; such plasmodium formation is termed crossing. Mutations (gadA) in the matA locus permit haploid amoebae to self, that is to form plasmodia in clonal cultures without amoebal fusion. By constructing diploid amoebae heterozygous for gadA alleles, it was shown that the mutant alleles gadA5 and gadA111 were each dominant to gadA +. Non-selfing revertants of gadA mutants may be generated as a result of further mutations (npf) within the matA locus. Sixty-one revertants of this type were studied, derived from three matA3 gadA mutants. Some revertants were able to cross with a matA3 gadA + tester strain. These ‘class I’ revertants failed to cross with one another or with similar revertants of two matA2 gadA mutants; they appear all to lack a single gene function (npfC +) that is necessary in plasmodium development. Other revertants failed to cross with the matA3 gadA + tester. These ‘class II’ revertants also failed to cross with one another, but showed several different patterns of crossing when mixed with other strains. The behaviour of some of the class II revertants suggests that they lack a further gene function (npfB +) necessary in plasmodium development. The gadA mutations may affect a cis- acting regulator of npfB +.
Macro-optimization of email recommendation response rates harnessing individual activity levels and group affinity trends

Recommendation emails are among the best ways to re-engage with customers after they have left a website. While on-site recommendation systems focus on finding the most relevant items for a user at the moment (right item), email recommendations add two critical additional dimensions: who to send recommendations to (right person) and when to send them (right time). It is critical that a recommendation email system not send too many emails to too many users in too short of a timewindow, as users may unsubscribe from future emails or become desensitized and ignore future emails if they receive too many. Also, email service providers may mark such emails as spam if too many of their users are contacted in a short time-window. Optimizing email recommendation systems such that they can yield a maximum response rate for a minimum number of email sends is thus critical for the long-term performance of such a system. In this paper, we present a novel recommendation email system that not only generates recommendations, but which also leverages a combination of individual user activity data, as well as the behavior of the group to which they belong, in order to determine each user’s likelihood to respond to any given set of recommendations within a given time period. In doing this, we have effectively created a meta-recommendation system which recommends sets of recommendations in order to optimize the aggregate response rate of the entire system. The proposed technique has been applied successfully within CareerBuilder’s job recommendation email system to generate a 50% increase in total conversions while also decreasing sent emails by 72%.
Modeling Congestion as a Form of Interdependence in Random Utility Models

This paper develops a theory of interdependent utility functions in examining congestion in recreation demand equilibria. The notion is examined empirically through the development of congestion forecasting functions which individuals use to sort themselves among a set of recreation sites. These forecasts are used in site choice models estimated on revealed preference information. An interesting outcome of this exercise is that recreation site attribute changes, which are projected to provide positive utility, may in fact generate negative utility if the effect of the change on congestion is jointly considered.
Diffuse X-Ray Sky in the Galactic Center

The Galactic Diffuse X-ray Emission (GDXE) in the Milky Way Galaxy is spatially and spectrally decomposed into the Galactic Center X-ray Emission (GCXE), the Galactic Ridge X-ray Emission (GRXE) and the Galactic Bulge X-ray Emission (GBXE). The X-ray spectra of the GDXE are characterized by the strong K-shell lines of the highly ionized atoms, the brightest are the K-shell transition (principal quantum number transition of $n=2\rightarrow1$) of neutral iron (SXV-He$\alpha$), He-like iron (FeXXV-He$\alpha$) and He-like sulfur (SXV-He$\alpha$) lines. Accordingly, the GDXE is composed of a high-temperature plasma of $\sim$7 keV (HTP) and a low-temperature plasma of $\sim$1 keV (LTP), which emit the FeXXV-He$\alpha$ and SXV-He$\alpha$ lines, respectively. The FeI-K$\alpha$ line is emitted from nearly neutral irons, and hence the third component of the GDXE is a Cool Gas (CG). The FeI-K$\alpha$ distribution in the GCXE region is clumpy (FeI-K$\alpha$ clump), associated with giant molecular cloud (MC) complexes, Sagittarius A, B, C, D and E, in the central molecular zone. The origin of the FeI-K$\alpha$ clumps is the fluorescence and Thomson scattering from the MCs irradiated by past big flares of the super massive black hole Sagittarius A$^*$. The scale heights and equivalent widths of the FeI-K$\alpha$, FeXXV-He$\alpha$, and FeXXVI-Ly$\alpha$ ($n=2\rightarrow1$ transition of H-like iron) lines are different among the GCXE, GBXE and GRXE. Therefore the structure and origin are separately examined. This paper overviews the research history and the present understandings of the GDXE, in particular focus on the origin of the HTP and CG in the GCXE.
A Proposed Orthogonal Chirp Division Multiplexing (OCDM) Multicarrier Transceiver Based on the Discrete Fractional Cosine Transform

Doppler spread is a phenomenon caused by rapid changes in the channel response due to the movement of the transmitter/receiver through a multipath environment, which is also known as a doubly selective channel response. In doubly selective fading channel where the channel frequency response is regarded as rapidly time-varying, the inter carrier interference (ICI) occurs mainly because the traditional multicarrier transceivers are incapable to diagonalize the channel matrix. The proposed scenario is for an Orthogonal Chirp Division Multiplexing (OCDM) multicarrier system derived from Discrete Fractional Cosine Transform (DFrCT). The proposed DFrCT-OCDM multicarrier system is proofed to be less signal processing complexity and easier to implement, compared to the traditional Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Simulation results reveal that the DFrCT provides superior performance reflected the significant improvement in the BitError Rate which reaches to 10 dB, better spectrum efficiency and better energy concentration properties than the conventional FFT. Finally, several equlizers are applied and they all show that the proposed DFrCT-OCDM over performs the other systems with all these equlizers.
Title Exponential stabilization of laminated beams with structuraldamping and boundary feedback controls

We study the boundary stabilization of laminated beams with structural damping which describes the slip occurring at the interface of two-layered objects. By using an invertible matrix function with an eigenvalue parameter and an asymptotic technique for the first order matrix differential equation, we find out an explicit asymptotic formula for the matrix fundamental solutions and then carry out the asymptotic analyses for the eigenpairs. Furthermore, we prove that there is a sequence of generalized eigenfunctions that forms a Riesz basis in the state Hilbert space, and hence the spectrum determined growth condition holds. Furthermore, exponential stability of the closed-loop system can be deduced from the eigenvalue expressions. In particular, the semigroup generated by the system operator is a C0-group due to the fact that the three asymptotes of the spectrum are parallel to the imaginary axis.
Chaotic Compressed Sensing and Its Application to Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Fast image acquisition in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is important, due to the need to find ways that help relieve patient’s stress during MRI scans. Methods for fast MRI have been proposed, most notably among them are pMRI (parallel MRI), SWIFT (SWeep Imaging with Fourier Transformation), and compressed sensing (CS) based MRI. Although it promises to significantly reduce acquisition time, applying CS to MRI leads to difficulties with hardware design because of the randomness nature of the measurement matrix used by the conventional CS methods. In this paper, we propose a novel method that combines the above-mentioned three approaches for fast MRI by designing a compound measurement matrix from a series of single measurement matrices corresponding to pMRI, SWIFT, and CS. In our method, the CS measurement matrix is designed to be deterministic via chaotic systems. This chaotic compressed sensing (CCS) measurement matrix, while retaining most features of the random CS matrix, is simpler to realize in hardware. Several compound measurement matrices have been constructed and examined in this work, including CCS-MRI, CCS-pMRI, CCS-SWIFT, and CCS-pSWIFT. Simulation results showed that the proposed method allows an increase in the speed of the MRI acquisition process while not compromising the quality of the acquired MR images.
The role of leadership practices in establishing a curriculum policy platform at working-class schools

CITATION: Terhoven, R. & Fataar, A. 2018. The role of leadership practices in establishing a curriculum policy platform at working-class schools. South African Journal of Education, 38(2):Art.#1497, doi:10.15700/saje.v38n2a1497.
EFTCAMB/EFTCosmoMC: Numerical Notes v1.1

EFTCAMB/EFTCosmoMC are publicly available patches to the CAMB/CosmoMC codes implementing the effective field theory approach to single scalar field dark energy and modified gravity models. With the present numerical notes we provide a guide to the technical details of the code. Moreover we reproduce, as they appear in the code, the complete set of the modified equations and the expressions for all the other relevant quantities used to construct these patches. We submit these notes to the arXiv to grant full and permanent access to this material which provides very useful guidance to the numerical implementation of the EFT framework. We will update this set of notes when relevant modifications to the EFTCAMB/EFTCosmoMC codes will be released. The present version is based on EFTCAMB/EFTCosmoMC_Oct14.
Development of a damped cavity with SiC beam-duct

The recent status of the R&D on a damped structure cavity being developed at ISSP and Photon Factory is presented. For the cavity, the higher-order modes (HOMs) damping is obtained with the large beam duct, a part of which is made of sintered SiC. A prototype cavity has been built and tested at low power levels. It was confirmed that the HOMs, which can propagate out of the cavity through the beam duct, were strongly damped by the SiC duct. Recently, fabrication of a high power model has been completed. High power conditioning of the model is now prepared.
Title The Glucosinolate Biosynthetic Gene AOP 2 Mediates Feedback Regulation of Jasmonic Acid Signaling in Arabidopsis Permalink

Survival in changing and challenging environments requires an organism to efficiently obtain and use its resources. Due to their sessile nature, it is particularly critical for plants to dynamically optimize their metabolism. In plant primary metabolism, metabolic fine-tuning involves feed-back mechanisms whereby the output of a pathway controls its input to generate a precise and robust response to environmental changes. By contrast, few studies have addressed the potential for feed-back regulation of secondarymetabolism. In Arabidopsis, accumulation of the defense compounds glucosinolates has previously been linked to genetic variation in the glucosinolate biosynthetic gene AOP2. AOP2 expression can increase the transcript levels of two known regulators (MYB28 andMYB29) of the pathway, suggesting that AOP2 plays a role in positive feed-back regulation controlling glucosinolate biosynthesis. We generated mutants affecting AOP2, MYB28/29, or both. Transcriptome analysis of these mutants identified a so far unrecognized link between AOP2 and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling independent of MYB28 and MYB29. Thus, AOP2 is part of a regulatory feed-back loop linking glucosinolate biosynthesis and JA signaling and thereby allows the glucosinolate pathway to influence JA sensitivity. The discovery of this regulatory feed-back loop provides insight into how plants optimize the use of resources for defensive metabolites.
Dynamically vs. empirically downscaled medium-range precipitation forecasts

Abstract. For three small, mountainous catchments in Germany two medium-range forecast systems are compared that predict precipitation for up to 5 days in advance. One system is composed of the global German weather service (DWD) model, GME, which is dynamically downscaled using the COSMO-EU regional model. The other system is an empirical (expanded) downscaling of the ECMWF model IFS. Forecasts are verified against multi-year daily observations, by applying standard skill scores to events of specified intensity. All event classes are skillfully predicted by the empirical system for up to five days lead time. For the available prediction range of one to two days it is superior to the dynamical system.
Drawing conclusions from choice response time models : a 1 tutorial 2

7 Cognitive models of choice and response times can lead to deeper insights into the processes underlying decisions than standard analyses of accuracy and response time data. The application of these models, however, has historically been reserved for the authors of the models, and their associates. Recently, choice response time models have become more accessible through the release of user-friendly software for estimating their parameters. The aim of this tutorial is to provide guidance about the process of using these parameter estimates and model fits to make conclusions about experimental data. In particular, we discuss the steps required to select an appropriate characterization of a given data set in terms of the parameters of a choice model. We also discuss how to evaluate the quality of the agreement between model and data, including some guidelines for presenting model predictions for group-level data. 8
Agile as change approach in ehealth innovation projects

Many new eHealth products have been developed, but few reach widespread adoption within healthcare organisations. Literature mentions bottlenecks for the acceptance of new technology in the healthcare industry, such as insufficient attention for change management and reluctant acceptance by intended users. In this paper, we argue that Agile software development is a valid change approach and is applicable in eHealth innovation projects. We compared Scrum with Kotter’s eight step model of change (1995) and verified the theoretical findings with a case study where an innovative eHealth application was developed to support the care for persons with mental disability. We found support for our proposition that Agile practices support an emerging change process as required for the innovative nature of eHealth projects and lead to increased user acceptance. Agile practices especially facilitate co-creation and increase user self-efficacy but they do not automatically create a sense of urgency nor the management support needed to sustain the change.
Tests of Independence for a 2 × 2 Contingency Table with Random Margins

Fisher’s exact test is commonly used for testing the hypothesis of independence between the row and column variables in a r × c contingency table. It is a “small-sample” test since it is used when the sample size is not large enough for the Pearsonian chi-square test to be valid. Fisher’s exact test conditions on both margins of a 2 × 2 table leading to a hypergeometric distribution of the cell counts under independence. Moreover, it is conservative in the sense that its actual significance level falls short of the nominal level. In this paper, we modify Fisher’s exact test by lifting the restriction of fixed margins and allow the margins to be random. In doing so, we propose two new tests a likelihood ratio test in a frequentist framework and a Bayes factor test in a Bayesian framework, both of which are based on a new multinomial distributional framework. We apply the three tests on data from the Worcester Heart Attack study and compare their power functions in assessing gender difference in the therapeutic management of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Lifshitz as a deformation of Anti-de

We consider holography for Lifshitz spacetimes with dynamical exponent z = 1 + ǫ2, where ǫ is small. We show that the holographically dual field theory is a specific deformation of the relativistic CFT, corresponding to the z = 1 theory. Treating ǫ as a small expansion parameter we set up the holographic dictionary for Einstein-Proca models up to order ǫ2 in three and four bulk dimensions. We explain how renormalization turns the relativistic conformal invariance into non-relativistic Lifshitz invariance with dynamical exponent z = 1+ ǫ2. We compute the two-point function of the conserved spin two current for the dual two-dimensional field theory and verify that it is Lifshitz invariant. Using only QFT arguments, we show that a particular class of deformations of CFTs generically leads to Lifshitz scaling invariance and we construct examples of such deformations.
What’s a Movie Worth? Determining the Monetary Value of Motion Pictures’ TV Rights

Motion pictures remain among the most valuable products for broadcast by television (TV) stations around the globe. As a result, TV broadcast rights generate more revenues than the theater box office for the movie studios that own these assets and are often a crucial element in a film’s financing. A key managerial challenge for studios and for TV broadcasters is to determine the monetary value of the TV rights for a movie. This research develops a multi-equation model of a movie’s monetary TV rights value that accounts both for the differences in value-related information over time and for the differences in project-related risk associated with the varying information availability. Drawing on a large data set of U.S.-produced movies that aired on German TV, the authors estimate the model parameters simultaneously through partial least squares modeling as a prediction tool. This approach allows them to separate direct and indirect effects among value drivers and to estimate the monetary value of the German TV rights for individual movies for different points in time. Sellers and buyers can use the model to increase the efficiency and reduce the riskiness of price negotiations for the right to broadcast a particular film on TV.