Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low Dose CT of the Brain in the Follow-up of Intracranial Hemorrhage

C l i n M e d International Library Citation: Blasel S, Huck L, Konczalla J, Lescher S, Ackermann H, et al. (2016) Low Dose CT of the Brain in the Follow-up of Intracranial Hemorrhage. Int J Radiol Imaging Technol 2:015 Received: April 09, 2016: Accepted: July 14, 2016: Published: July 16, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Blasel S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Blasel et al. Int J Radiol Imaging Technol 2016, 2:015 Volume 2 | Issue 2
Retaining Faculty from Underrepresented Groups in Academic Medicine: Results from a Needs Assessment

Academic medical centers can improve the quality of care and address health inequities by recruiting and retaining faculty from underrepresented in medicine (URiM) groups. Retention of URiM faculty, however, is a major barrier to reaching equity-related goals because URiM faculty are less likely to remain in academia and be promoted when compared to their peers. The objective of this study was to determine factors that influence the retention of URiM faculty at large academic centers. Using interviews of URiM faculty, we found that supportive leadership, URiM-specific faculty development programs, and networking opportunities and recognition of achievements as major factors that influence the retention of faculty at a large academic hospital. In addition, participants emphasized the need for strong mentor networks with an emphasis on sponsorship. Abstract Objectives Academic medical centers can improve the quality of care and address health inequities by recruiting and retaining faculty from underrepresented in medicine (URiM) groups; however, the retention of URiM faculty is a barrier to reaching equity-related goals because URiM faculty are less likely to remain in academia and be promoted compared with their peers. As such, the objective of this study was to determine factors that influence the retention of URiM faculty at large academic centers. Methods One-time, semistructured stay interviews were conducted to assess the experiences of URiM faculty at a large academic hospital in Boston, Massachusetts between October 2016 and April 2017. A qualitative researcher coded the transcripts and identified central themes. Results The participants (N = 17) were 65% Black/African American and 35% Hispanic/Latinx. The median number of years on faculty was 3 years (range 1–33). The themes identified through the stay interviews were grouped into three domains: areas of strength, challenges to advancement, and suggestions for improvement of support. Participants voiced leadership support in their development, the community of patients, URiM networking opportunities, and mentorship as strengths. The barriers to retention included the lack of transparency and trust in their work, a sense of tokenism, organizational management issues, and implicit biases. The suggested ways to improve support included the expanding of initiatives to include all members of groups URiM, continuing URiM faculty development programs, and increasing funding to support advancement. Conclusions This study underscored the importance of supportive leadership, URiM-specific faculty development programs, networking opportunities, and the recognition of achievements as factors that influence the retention of faculty at a large academic medical center. In addition, participants highlighted the need for strong mentor networks and emphasizing sponsorship.
Call in the year 2000: A look back from 2016

Carol A. Chapelle, Iowa State University This commentary offers a brief reflection on the state of CALL in 1997, when Language Learning & Technology was launched with my paper entitled “CALL in the year 2000: Still in search of research paradigms? ” The point of my 1997 paper was to suggest the potential value of research on second language learning for the study of CALL. This look back from 2016 claims that theory and research in second language acquisition has proven useful for evaluating the quality of technologies for language learning.
A NEURAL PROSTHESIS FOR RESTORING WALKING AFTER SPINAL CORD INJURY

The goal of this doctoral work was to develop a hardware neural prosthesis capable of producing temporally changing current stimulation patterns for restoring walking in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). To solve this problem, a suitable control strategy must be developed which can adapt to environmental and internal perturbations (e.g. change in surface friction or muscle fatigue). The biological central pattern generator (CPG) for locomotion is a neural circuit capable of producing alternating patterns of flexion and extension. This acts as the nervous system’s controller for producing walking movements as it integrates descending neural commands from the brain as well as feedback from the dorsal columns (afferent feedback). This combination of afferent and efferent communication can be modeled as a system which integrates open and closed loop control to produce walking movements. A control strategy was first designed in software using a state-space approach where the states represented functional movements observed during healthy walking (e.g. swing, stance). The state transitions took the form of IF-THEN rules which could monitor transitions such as swing-to-stance, stance-to-swing, and muscle fatigue. This
Providing Patients with Dementia and Neurological Diseases a Dignified Peaceful Demise

Taiwan enacted the Patient Self-Determination Act in January 6, 2016. It allows patient at 1. Terminal stage disease, 2. Irreversible comatous state, 3. Persistent vegetative state, 4. Severe dementic state, 5. Intolerable pain, incurable disease without adequate solution under the current medical standard, the right to withhold or withdraw whole or part of the life sustaining treatments. The Taiwan Neurological Society announced suggestions for withholding or withdrawal of futile life sustaining treatment for end stage neurological diseases. We hope to ensure a dignified and peaceful demise for patient at end stage dementia and other neurological diseases.
Renal dysfunction in liver cirrhosis and its correlation with Child-Pugh score and MELD score

Renal dysfunction (RD) is a serious and common complication in a patient with liver cirrhosis. It provides a poor prognosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the renal function in liver cirrhosis, also to determine the correlation with the graduation of liver disease assessed by Child-Pugh Score (CPS) and MELD score. This was a cross-sectional study included patients with liver cirrhosis admitted to Adam Malik Hospital Medan in June - August 2016. We divided them into two groups as not having renal dysfunction (serum creatinine < 1.5 mg/dL) and having renal dysfunction (serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 mg/dL). For the processing of data, SPSS 22.0 was used. Statistical methods used: Chi-square, Fisher exact, one way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis test and Pearson coefficient of correlation. The level of significance was p<0.05. 55 patients with presented with renal dysfunction were 16 (29.1 %). There was statistically significant inverse correlation between GFR and CPS (r = -0.308), GFR and MELD score (r = -0.278). There was a statistically significant correlation between creatinine and MELD score (r = 0.359), creatinine and CPS (r = 0.382). The increase of the degree of liver damage is related to the increase of renal dysfunction.
A Framework for Modeling and Modular Verification of Component-Based System Designs ✩

This paper introduces a framework for modeling and verifying safety properties of component-based systems (CBS) by extracting their models from designs in the form of UML 2.0 sequence diagrams. Given UML 2.0 sequence diagrams of a CBS, the framework extracts regular expressions exactly describing behaviors of the system. From these expressions, the proposed framework then generates accurate operation models represented by labeled transition systems (LTSs). After that, these models are used to modular check whether given designs satisfy required safety properties by using the assume-guarantee reasoning paradigm. This framework is not only useful for modeling and verifying designs at design phase, but also for effectively rechecking the correctness of CBS in the context of software evolution. Implemented tools and experimental results are also presented in order to show the feasibilities and effectiveness of the proposed framework. Received 01 December 2015, revised 13 January 2016, accepted 14 January 2016
A security approach for social networks based on honeypots

In recent years, social networks have experienced strong growth in both size and popularity. One of the main characteristics of these systems is their reliance on users as the primary contributors of content. This dependence makes the users of these systems the best targets for malicious behavior. In an effort to preserve community value and ensure long term success, the proposed approach is based on the use of social honeypots to discover malicious profiles in social networks. Inspired by security researchers who used honeypots to observe and analyze malicious activity in the networks, this method uses social honeypots to trap malicious users. The two key elements of the approach are: (1) the deployment of social honeypots for harvesting information of malicious profiles. (2) Analysis of the characteristics of these malicious profiles and those of deployed honeypots for creating classifiers that allow to filter the existing profiles and monitor the new profiles. In this paper, we describe the different steps of the proposed approach, starting with the deployment of social honeypots, the use of both feature based strategy and honeypot feature based strategy methods for collecting data, and finally the development of machine learning based classifiers for identifying malicious profiles.
Assessment of Nutritional Status among Muslim Adolescents of Deganga, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the age and sex differences in nutritional status based on new age and sex specific international BMI cut-off points, among Muslim adolescents of North 24 Parganas, West Bengal. One thousand and sixty eight (1068) Bengali speaking Muslim school boys (n=522) and girls (n=546) aged 10-17 years participated in this study. The overall (combined age and sex) frequency of undernutrition was 54.8 percent. The frequencies (combined age) of undernutrition among boys and girls were 58.04 percent and 51.65 percent respectively. The rates of undernutrition of boys varied between 35.0 percent among 16 years old to 72.7 percent at age 13 years. The rates of undernutrition of girls varied between 35.7 percent among 15 years old to 71.2 percent at age 11 years. Significant age difference was observed in mean height, weight and BMI for boys (height: F=234.37, p<.0.05, weight: F= 145.36, p<.0.05 and BMI: F= 27.47, p<.0.05) and as well as girls (height: F= 163.40, p<.0.05, weight: F= 107.82, p<.0.05 and BMI: F= 39.74, p<.0.05). There was significant age differences (boys, chi square= 62.80, p = 0.000, girls, Chi-square = 76.21, p = 0.000) in nutritional status based on BMI of studied children. In general, this study provided evidence that the Bengalee Muslim adolescents had very high rates of undernutrition. Most of the earlier Indian studies showed lower prevalence than present study.
Neoadjuvant peptide receptor radionuclide therapy and modified multivisceral transplantation for an advanced small intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasm: an updated case report

Abstract Small intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (SI-NEN) frequently metastasise to regional lymph nodes, and surgery is the mainstay of therapy for such patients. However, despite the possible use of advanced surgical techniques, the resection of both primary and locoregional diseases is not always attainable. Intestinal and multivisceral transplantation has been performed in a small number of patients with conventionally nonresectable, slow-growing tumours threatening the mesenteric root but has remained controversial. The use of donor skin in “sentinel flaps” in transplantation theoretically offers advantages in tailoring immunosuppression and monitoring for rejection. We represent (with extended follow-up) the first case of a patient with inoperable extensive mesenteric metastases from SI-NEN, who underwent neoadjuvant peptide receptor radionuclide therapy before a modified multivisceral transplant with a concomitant vascularised sentinel forearm flap. At 48 months after transplantation, our patient remained at full physical activity with no evidence of disease recurrence on either tumour biochemistry or radiological imaging.
"Sexual and reproductive health in type 1 diabetes mellitus" : an exploratory approach to emerging adults' perceptions

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions in the world and is associated with the development of long-term complications such as sexual and/or reproductive health problems. However, research exploring this topic among T1DM emerging adults has been scarce. This study seeks to explore the perceptions of T1DM emerging adults regarding the impact T1DM has when establishing romantic relationships, the specific challenges, concerns and/or experienced difficulties regarding their sexual and reproductive health, as well as their responses and strategies in dealing with these issues as they occur. We present a thematic analysis of the answers to three open questions of an online qualitative exploratory survey. The participants (n = 59) were emerging adults (ages 18-35), who speak Portuguese and have a T1DM diagnosis. Our results highlight that sexual and reproductive health are important themes identified, with an impact on a personal and interpersonal level. The specific challenges reported are related with the uncertainties and difficulties experienced, mainly regarding sexual and reproductive health as well as associated organic behaviors. Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia during the sexual activity, especially sexual intercourse, suggests a novel data that is identified as a challenge, a doubt and an experienced difficulty, but that was also associated to specific response strategies. The findings emphasize the importance of research on sexual and reproductive health among the population of T1DM emerging adults. In particular, it is essential to give more attention to the multidisciplinary approach to this population needs and to the bidirectional influence of social relationships on health, especially the role of romantic partners in promoting their partners’ health and well-being.
Role of vitamin B supplementation with Fluoxetine in treatment of depression: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Objective: To explore the change in antidepressant efficacy of Fluoxetine with vitamin B supplementation.Methods : The present study is a Single Centre, Open Label, Active Controlled, Parallel, and Single Period 8- Week study of 53 patients. Patients are divided in to two groups Fluoxetine alone group which contain 26 patients and Fluoxetine plus vitamin B group which contain 27 patients, after recruitment they were followed up and assessed for CG Impression & on HDRS score and for objective assessment. The primary outcome was observed by improvement in HDRS scores. Response to treatment, and Reduction in HDRS score is analyzed by Un- paired t test. Results: In study subjects clinically significant improvement was observed in fluoxetine plus neurotropic vitamins group as compared to fluoxetine alone group. However statistical analysis shows different results, unpaired t test when applied for the comparison of outcome in the two related samples, the t observed = 4.000. The t observed value falls out of the acceptance region t reference = 1.717. Therefore the null hypothesis stands valid. Conclusion: Fluoxetine plus vitamin B supplementation is not superior to Fluoxetine alone, for moderate to severe cases of mental depression without psychotic symptoms.
Research report Striatopallidal regulation of affect in bipolar disorder

Background: Evidence from the neuroimaging literature suggests that the basal ganglia plays an important role in the regulation of affect. This conclusion stems almost exclusively from group comparisons and it remains unclear whether previous findings can be confirmed from a longitudinal study of mood change. The aim of this study was to increase our understanding of the functional role of the basal ganglia and thalamus in relation to change in affect in patients with bipolar disorder. Methods: Ten bipolar disorder subjects participated in a functional MRI study. We used a simple motor reaction time task to probe subcortical regions bilaterally. Subjects were scanned twice, once when their self-reported mood ratings indicated hypomania or euthymia and then again when they were in depressed states. Results: Subjects in their euthymic or hypomanic states exhibited increased caudate activity bilaterally and the globus pallidus of the left hemisphere. Longitudinal analyses revealed a significant association between an increase in severity of depression and a decrease in activity in the external segment of the right globus pallidus. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the globus pallidus is less responsive during a simple motor task in the depressed compared to the normal or euthymic states in patients with bipolar disorder. These results are consistent with current physiologic models of basal ganglia circuitry in which an increase in caudate activity results in an increase in inhibitory GABAergic outflow to the external globus pallidus and subsequent decrease in thalamocortical excitation and may underlie the clinical manifestations of depression in bipolar disorder. Limitations: The findings of this study need to be interpreted with caution as correlation coefficients may be overestimated in this small study sample.
Nutrient intakes from solid/semisolid foods and body fat of children 12-36 months of age in Mumbai city, India

Background: Few reports are available on the association between feeding practices and body fat of young Asian Indian children. Indian children have “thin-fat” syndrome, i.e., they tend to have higher body fat at lower body mass index, placing them at risk of non-communicable diseases. Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine whether young children’s nutrient intakes are associated with body fat. Materials and Methods: Percent body fat measured by bioelectric impedance and nutrient intakes estimated from three 24-h diet recalls were studied in 1200 children, aged 12-36 months. Average intakes of macronutrients and micronutrients were calculated. Nutrient intakes were compared by quintiles of body fat. Results: Mean body fat was 20.13±2.37%,with older children having more body fat than younger children. Males had more body fat than females. Percent body fat was not only correlated with macronutrient intakes but also was positively correlated with iron, zinc intakes, and thiamine. Body fat was negatively associated with calcium, fiber, and Vitamin A intakes but was positively associated with intakes of animal protein and from milk and milk products. Children in the highest quintile of body fat had lower calcium intakes those in lower quintiles. Animal protein intakes increased from Quintile 1 to Quintile 4 of body fat. Male children aged 12-24 months in the second and third quintile had higher mean protein intakes than in the other quintiles. Female children in the highest quintile of body fat had lowermean animal protein intakes. Breastfed children aged 24-36 months old in Quintile 1 had lower protein intakes from milk and milk products than in the other four quintiles. Among non-breastfed male children, those in the fifth quintile had lowest intake of milk protein. Conclusion: Diets given to young children should be adequate in micronutrients and fiber, and there should not be too much emphasis on dairy protein only.
Sublethal Effects of Triflumezopyrim on Biological Traits and Detoxification Enzyme Activities in the Small Brown Planthopper Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

The small brown planthopper [Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) (Hemiptera, Delphacidae)] is one of the most destructive insect pests of rice and has developed strong resistance to several kinds of chemical insecticides. Triflumezopyrim, a novel mesoionic insecticide developed by Corteva Agriscience (formerly DuPont Crop Protection), has efficient biological activity in controlling sucking insects, such as the planthopper. However, the effects of triflumezopyrim on the growth and reproduction of L. striatellus have not been reported. In this study, an F5 generation was obtained by conducting five rounds of insecticide screening on a sensitive L. striatellus strain (F0 generation). An age-stage life table procedure was used to evaluate the effects of a sublethal concentration (LC50) of triflumezopyrim on the biological parameters of L. striatellus. Compared with those of the F0 generation, the intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite rate (λ), and the net reproductive rate (R0) of the F5 generation were significantly decreased; nevertheless, the average duration of life (T) was not significantly affected. The results of detoxification enzyme activity assays indicated that the glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) activities in the F5 generation were significantly higher than those in the F0 generation. The contents of vitellogenin (Vg) and vitellogenin receptor (VgR) were also detected, and the results indicated that the contents of Vg and VgR in the F5 generation were significantly decreased compared to those in the F0 generation. Furthermore, we detected the relative expression of ecdysone receptor (EcR), Vg, and VgR in the F0 and F5 generations and found that the relative expression levels of Vg and VgR in the F5 generation female adults were obviously lower than those in the F0 generation (P < 0.05), whereas the relative expression of EcR was slightly increased, although the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). Based on these results, a sublethal concentration (median lethal concentration, LC50) of triflumezopyrim may inhibit the generational growth and reproduction of L. striatellus. Moreover, our results may provide a reference for further studies of the suitability and resistance mechanisms of L. striatellus subjected to a sublethal dose of triflumezopyrim.