Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A highway intersection as an alternative habitat for a meadow butterfly : effect of mowing, habitat geometry and roads on the ringlet (Aphantopus hyperantus)

The decline of semi-natural grasslands throughout Europe has given rise to the idea that road verges under mowing management could serve as alternative habitats for several meadow species. We studied the distribution and movements of the ringlet butterfly (Aphantopus hyperantus) at a highway intersection and its surroundings. A total of 2113 individuals were marked, and 17% of the individuals recaptured, in 2003. The population densities were generally low in the verge and in sections mown in mid-summer. Mid-summer mowing also delayed the dispersal of individuals to the area until the vegetation had regenerated. The majority of individuals were sedentary but there was more emigration from linear verges and sections with a low population density. A dense network of roads may decrease the movement of the ringlet but a single road is not an absolute barrier to the species. We conclude that intersections and road verges can provide alternative habitats for meadow species, as shown here with the ringlet, but that the quality of these habitats depends on the mowing management.
Recombinant AAV gene therapy and delivery for Alzheimer's disease

Reduction of Aβ deposition is a major therapeutic strategy in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The concentration of Aβ in the brain is modulated, not only by Aβ production, but also by its degradation. One protease involved in the degradation of Aβ peptides is endothelin converting enzyme (ECE). In the current study, we investigated the effects of an intracranial administration of a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV) containing the ECE-1 synthetic gene on amyloid deposition in amyloid precursor protein (APP) plus presenilin-1 (PS1) transgenic mice. The recombinant AAV vector was injected unilaterally into the right anterior cortex and hippocampus of six-month-old mice while control mice received an AAV vector expressing GFP. Immunohistochemistry for the haemagglutinin tag appended to ECE revealed strong expression in areas surrounding the injection sites but minimal expression in the contralateral regions. Immunohistochemistry for As decreased in the anterior cortex and hippocampus of mice receiving ECE synthetic gene. Further, decreases in Congo red positive deposits were also observed in both regions. These results indicate that increasing the expression of β-amyloid degrading 25 enzymes through gene therapy is a promising therapeutic avenue through which to treat AD.
Comportamiento agronómico de cultivares de Cenchrus purpureus tolerantes a la salinidad

To determine the effect of cutting age (60, 90, 120 days), and cultivar (CT-500 and CT-115) on some yield components in new varieties of Cenchrus purpureus, a study was made at the Experimental Station of Pastures and Forages, at the Jorge Dimitrov Agricultural Research Institute. The effects of cutting age (3), cultivar (2), and their interaction (3 x 2) on yields and some agronomic variables were controlled by a randomized block design. Interaction did not to affect the morphological variables of leaves and stems, though it did affect plant height. The cultivars had significant differences (P < 0.001) for the ages of 60 and 90 days; whereas for the number of basal shoots and percent of dry matter in the whole plant, CT-115 was significantly higher at 60 and 120 days, respectively. The total growth rate and biomass duration significantly phased out at 90 days, toward CT-500. Both varieties showed potential for high dry matter production per hectare, and only differed (P < 0.001) from the 120 days in the forage areas with saline soils. These results must be considered as preliminary data for the design of a variety structure in saline
Enhanced stable expression luciferase under the control fMranslational enhancer in plants of a Vibrio of the transgenic

A fusion gene using luxA and luxB genes of Vibrio species has been designed to express light autonomously in plants. LuxA:IuxB was introduced into plants by a high-efficiency transformation system consisting of a high-copy virulence helper plasmid pUCD2614 and T-vector pUCD2715 containing luxA:luxB. The expression of luxA:luxB fusion gene was optimized by adjusting the spacing between the genes and by placing the translational efficiency of its mRNA under the control of the ~ -3 translational enhancer. The resulting transgenic plants synthesized luciferase at levels greater than 1% of the total leaf protein. These plants produced light autonomously and light intensity was enhanced by the addition of aldehyde. That the luxA:IuxB fusion has been optimized enables its use as a reporter for gene activity in plants during development and under various stress-inducing conditions. These results show that a specific protein from an introduced foreign gene can be produced with high efficiency in cultivated plants and such a system is therefore amenable for production of desired proteins through conventional farming methods.
A new genus of polystomatid parasitic flatworm (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) without free-swimming life stage from the Malagasy poison frogs

Madapolystoma n. g. (Monogenea, Polystomatidae), is proposed for a new genus of polystomatid from the urinary bladder of the Malagasy poison frogs of the genus Mantella (family Mantellidae), with the description of one new species. This is the second anuran polystome to be described from Madagascar. The parasites are small with a maximum body length of less than 3 mm. The two gut caeca have a few diverticulae but no prehaptoral anastomoses and are confluent posteriorly. The haptor bears six well-developed suckers and one pair of hamuli. A single small ovary lies in mid-body while the single follicular testis lies posteriorly in the body. Vaginae are present. The new genus is unique among all known polystomes in that it apparently has no free-swimming ciliated larvae but instead is characterized by advanced intra-uterine development with larvae developing hamuli and even suckers while still in utero. Based on molecular phylogenetic data, the closest relative of Madapolystoma is the genus Eupolystoma from Africa. Madagascar has a very diverse anuran fauna with a 100% level of endemicity at the species level, and more Madapolystoma species from other mantellid hosts await description.
Identification de gènes impliqués dans la tolérance au plomb chez la brassicacée Hirschfeldia incana

L'exploitation, puis l'abandon, des sites miniers, dans l'oriental marocain, a entraine une importante pollution des zones avoisinantes, generee par la dispersion de dechets riches en Pb. Pour resoudre ce probleme, des programmes de phytomanagement sont a developper. Cependant, la realisation de ces projets se heurte a deux contraintes : une faible diversite des plantes metallophytes et une meconnaissance des mecanismes de la tolerance au Pb.Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de mon travail de these a ete de selectionner une ou des plantes susceptibles d'entrer dans un programme de phytoremediation et d'identifier des genes impliques dans la tolerance au Pb. Dans un premier temps, l'analyse des sols et des residus miniers a revele une importante contamination polymetallique du site d'etude. Des prospections floristiques ont ensuite permis d'identifier une plante de la famille des brassicacees, Hirschfeldia incana, predominante sur les sites miniers pollues et qui accumule le Pb. L'accumulation du Pb chez H. incana a ete confirmee en conditions controlees et une strategie « gene candidat » a montre l'implication dans la tolerance au Pb de deux genes, l'un codant pour une metallothioneine MT2a et l'autre pour un transporteur membranaire HMA4. Enfin, la comparaison des transcriptomes d'H. incana et d'A. thaliana a abouti a l'edification d'une liste de genes candidats susceptibles d'etre impliques dans la tolerance au Pb. L'analyse fonctionnelle de quatre de ces genes, codant pour une ferritine, une metallothioneine, une proteine fixatrice du cuivre et une defensine, a precise leur role dans la tolerance au Pb.
Chirality and the biological activity of drugs

Recognition, Receptors and Regulation Introduction Chirality-Basic Considerations Molecular Recognition Biological Recognition of Chiral Molecules Regulatory and Commercial Considerations Chirality and Biological Response Theoretical Aspects of Chirality Nomenclature of Chiral Molecules Absolute Descriptors Relative Descriptors Interaction of Enantiomers with Biological Systems Biological Activity and Bioassay Eudismic Analysis Chirality Coefficients Multiple Eudismic Activity Correlations Enantiomeric Purity Use of Chirality as a Tool in Drug Design Chirality and Receptors Chirality and Ion Channel Receptors General Aspects of Ion Channel Receptors Ligand-Gated Ion Channels Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine) 5-HT3-Receptor GABAA-Receptor Excitatory Amino Acid Receptors Nucleotide Sensitive K+ Channels Calcium-Modulated Potassium Channels Voltage-Dependent Channels Voltage-Dependent Sodium Channels Voltage-Dependent Potassium Channels Chloride Channels Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels Chirality and G-Protein Coupled Receptors G-Protein Coupled Receptors, Family and Mechanisms G-Protein Receptors Responding to Adrenaline and Noradrenaline Adrenoceptor Agonists a-Adrenoceptor Antagonists b-Adrenoceptor Antagonists Combined a- and b- Adrenoceptor Antagonists G-Protein Receptors Responding to Dopamine Aminotetralins G-Protein Receptors Responding to Seretonin 5-HT1a-Receptors G-Protein Receptors Responding to Histamine Histamine Receptor Agonists Histamine Receptor Antagonists G-Protein Receptors Responding to GABA Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors G-Protein Receptors Responding to Acetylcholine Muscarinic Agonists Muscarinic Antagonists G-Protein Receptors Responding to Angiotensin G-Protein Receptors Responding to Cholecystokinin Tachykinin Receptors Opioid Receptors G-Protein Receptors Responding to Platelet Activating Factor G-Protein Receptors Responding to Leukotrienes Drugs Acting by Other Mechanisms Chirality and Neurotransmitter Re-uptake Mechanisms GABA Uptake Inhibitors Noradrenaline Uptake Inhibitors Serotonin (5-HT) Uptake Inhibitors Chirality and Enzyme Inhibition MAO Inhibitors Agents Affecting the Arachidonic Acid Pathway Anti-viral Agents Nucleoside-Related Anti-Viral Agents Non-Nucleoside-Related Anti-Viral Agents Anti-bacterial Agents Antifungal Agents Chiral Aspects of the Renin-Angiotensin System Chirality and Diuretic Agents Chirality and the Immune System Immunorecognition Antiarthritic Agents Chirality and Aspects of Drug Development Introduction Chirality and Distributive Processes Absorption Uptake into Adipose Tissue Plasma Protein Binding Chirality and Metabolic Processes Metabolism of Chiral Molecules Metabolism of Prochiral Molecules Metabolic Chiral Inversion Metabolic Interaction Between Enantiomers Metabolic Interactions Between Drugs Chirality and Pharmacogenetics Toxicological Implications of Chirality Thalidomide-A Case of Misinterpretation? Toxic Liability of the Profens Chirality and Pharmacy
Efficiency of green manure species on the population of reniform nematode

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o cultivo de plantas melhoradoras de solo na populacao de Rotylenchulus reniformis em solo naturalmente infestado. Foram avaliadas 6 especies de plantas de inverno, 13 especies de verao e um tratamento em pousio, em condicoes de casa de vegetacao. Apos 60 dias, o sistema radicular foi coletado e uma amostra de solo correspondente a cada tratamento foi coletada para extracao dos juvenis e quantificacao da populacao do nematoide em cada vaso determinando-seo fator de reproducao (FR). O pousio e as especies de adubos verdes de inverno, exceto a ervilhaca peluda, diminuiram a populacao de R. reniformis , comparando com a testemunha. Em relacao as plantas de verao, observou-se que o sorgo ‘SI03204’ ( Sorghum vulgare ), o milheto ‘BRS1501’ ( Pennisetum glaucum ), a Brachiaria ruziziensis , o capim pe de galinha gigante ( Eleusine coracana ), o estilosante ‘Campo Grande’ ( Stylosanthes capitata x S. macrocephala ), o amendoim ‘IAC Tatu ST’ ( Arachis hypogaea ) e a mucuna ana ( Mucuna deeringiana ) diminuiram a populacao de R. reniformis , quando comparadas a testemunha, podendo ser usadas no manejo deste nematoide.
Proteomic and transcriptional analysis of components of the DNA replication and repair machinery in mouse embryonic stem cells

DNA replication timing, chromatin state and transcriptional activity of a genomic locus are tightly correlated and undergo vast changes during cell fate changes underlying differentiation and reprogramming processes. It has been proposed that the correlation of replication timing and transcriptional activity is mediated by the interaction of pre-replication complex (preRC) components with the transcription machinery. We addressed this question by investigating the influence of preRC components on transcriptional activity in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) by depleting components of the preRC. Interestingly, we did not find a global change of transcriptional activity. In addition, we tested the interaction of the preRC with the COMPASS chromatin modification complex. Contrary to results in the yeast system, we found no interaction between preRC components and the COMPASS complex in mouse ESCs do, and thus the recruitment of the preRC to origins of replication via this interacton is unlikely.As the replication fork clamp proliferacting cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is conveniently located at the replication fork and has a plethora of interaction partners, including a number of chromatin-modifying enzymes, PCNA might mediate the replication of chromatin states by recruiting chromatin-modifying enzymes to the replication fork at appropriate times during S-phase. We addressed this hypothesis by determining the PCNA interactome in unsynchronized ESCs as well as ESCs specifically in early or late S-phase, respectively, and identified a number of chromatin-modifying complexes as PCNA interactors some of which interacted specifically in early or late S-phase, supporting our model.Interestingly, among the PCNA interaction partners identified, we found the annealing helicase Zinc finger Ran domain containing protein 3 (Zranb3), which we found to be particularly highly expressed in ESC. We further investigated the function of Zranb3 and identified the MutSalpha complex of the DNA mismatch repair machinery (MMR), a process especially upregulated in ESC, as interactor of Zranb3. Given the interaction of Zranb3 with the MutSalpha complex as well as PCNA and its high levels in ESCs, we suggest a model in which MutSalpha; recruits PCNA to sites of MMR and both are then bound by Zranb3 to repair DNA lesions.
Subsurface mechanical damage correlations after grinding of various optical materials

Abstract. Loose abrasive grinding was performed on a wide range of optical workpiece materials [single crystals of Al2O3 (sapphire), SiC, Y3Al5O12 (YAG), CaF2, and LiB3O5 (LBO); a SiO2-Al2O3-P2O5-Li2O glass-ceramic (Zerodur); and glasses of SiO2 : TiO2 (ULE), SiO2 (fused silica), and P2O5-Al2O3-K2O-BaO (phosphate)]. Using the magneto rheological finishing (MRF) taper wedge technique (where a wedge was polished on each of the ground workpieces and the resulting samples were appropriately chemically etched), the subsurface mechanical damage (SSD) characteristics were measured. The SSD depth for most of the workpiece materials was found to scale as E11/2 / H1, where E1 is the elastic modulus and H1 is the hardness of the workpiece. This material scaling is the same as that for the growth of lateral cracks, suggesting that lateral cracks are a dominant source for SSD rather than radial/median cracks, as previously proposed. Utilizing the SSD depth data from both this study and others, semiempirical relationships have been formulated, which allows for estimating the SSD depth as a function of workpiece material and important grinding parameters (such as abrasive size and applied pressure).
Frost flowers and sea-salt aerosols over seasonal sea-ice areas in northwestern Greenland during winter–spring

Abstract. Sea salts and halogens in aerosols, frost flowers, and brine play an important role in atmospheric chemistry in polar regions. Simultaneous sampling and observations of frost flowers, brine, and aerosol particles were conducted around Siorapaluk in northwestern Greenland during December 2013 to March 2014. Results show that water-soluble frost flower and brine components are sea-salt components (e.g., Na+, Cl−, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Br−, and iodine). Concentration factors of sea-salt components of frost flowers and brine relative to seawater were 1.14–3.67. Sea-salt enrichment of Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, and halogens (Cl−, Br−, and iodine) in frost flowers is associated with sea-salt fractionation by precipitation of mirabilite and hydrohalite. High aerosol number concentrations correspond to the occurrence of higher abundance of sea-salt particles in both coarse and fine modes, and blowing snow and strong winds. Aerosol number concentrations, particularly in coarse mode, are increased considerably by release from the sea-ice surface under strong wind conditions. Sulfate depletion by sea-salt fractionation was found to be limited in sea-salt aerosols because of the presence of non-sea-salt (NSS) SO42−. However, coarse and fine sea-salt particles were found to be rich in Mg. Strong Mg enrichment might be more likely to proceed in fine sea-salt particles. Magnesium-rich sea-salt particles might be released from the surface of snow and slush layer (brine) on sea ice and frost flowers. Mirabilite-like and ikaite-like particles were identified only in aerosol samples collected near new sea-ice areas. From the field evidence and results from earlier studies, we propose and describe sea-salt cycles in seasonal sea-ice areas.
P,p' DDE regulated gene expression and possible mechanisms of action in breast tumor formation

iv Dedication . vi Acknowledgement . vii List of Tables . xiv List of Figures . xvi List of Abbreviations . xxi Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Background and Significance . 3 DDT . 3 Breast Cancer Biology . 4 DDT Mechanisms Involved in the Pathological Process of Breast Cancer . 5 DDT and Endocrine Disruption . 7 DDT and Breast Cancer . 8 DDT and the Immune System . 10 DDT and Mixtures . 11 MMTV-neu Mouse Model . 12 ELVAX 40P Implants . 13 Previous Studies on , DDE and Mammary Cancer Development . 15 Previous Study Relevance . 19 Hypothesis . 21 S . 21
FOCUS :H YDROGEN EXCHANGE AND COVALENT MODIFICATION The Antigenic Determinants on HIV p24 for CD4 T Cell Inhibiting Antibodies as Determined by Limited Proteolysis, Chemical Modification, and Mass Spectrometry

In the last decade, mass spectrometry has been employed by more and more researchers for identifying the proteins in a macromolecular complex as well as for defining the surfaces of their binding interfaces. This characterization of protein–protein interfaces usually involves at least one of several different methodologies in addition to the actual mass spectrometry. For example, limited proteolysis is often used as a first step in defining regions of a protein that are protected from proteolysis when the protein of interest is part of a macromolecular complex. Other techniques used in conjunction with mass spectrometry for determining regions of a protein involved in protein–protein interactions include chemical modification, such as covalent cross-linking, acetylation of lysines, hydrogen-deuterium exchange, or other forms of modification. In this report, both limited proteolysis and chemical modification were combined with several mass spectrometric techniques in efforts to define the protein surface on the HIV core protein, p24, recognized by two different monoclonal human antibodies that were isolated from HIV patients. One of these antibodies, 1571, strongly inhibits the CD4 T cell proliferative response to a known epitope (PEVIPMFSALSEGATP), while the other antibody, 241-D, does not inhibit as strongly. The epitopes for both of these antibodies were determined to be discontinuous and localized to the N-terminus of p24. Interestingly, the epitope recognized by the strongly inhibiting antibody, 1571, completely overlaps the T cell epitope PEVIPMFSALSEGATP, while the antibody 241-D binds to a region adjacent to the region of p24 recognized by the antibody 1571. These results suggest that, possibly due to epitope competition, antibodies produced during HIV infection can negatively affect CD4 T cell-mediated immunity against the virus. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2006, 17, 1560–1569) © 2006 American Society for Mass Spectrometry
Conception agile de scénarios pédagogiques centrée usager : le cas du programme LID

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Conception agile de scénarios pédagogiques centrée usager : le cas du programme LID Clement Dussarps, Stéphanie Cardoso
Structure et activité de la communauté des Archaea méthanogènes du rumen en relation avec la production de méthane par les ruminants

Le methane (CH4) est un des principaux gaz a effet de serre. L’elevage est a l’origine d’un tiers du CH4 produit par l’activite humaine en Europe. En plus, la production de CH4 represente une perte de 2% a 12 % de l’energie consommee par l’animal. La methanogenese est le resultat de l’activite d’un groupe de microorganismes particuliers - les Archaea methanogenes. La production de CH4 permet de d’eliminer du milieu ruminal l’hydrogene produit au cours de la fermentation des aliments par les autres microorganismes (bacteries, protozoaires, champignons). En effet, l’accumulation d’hydrogene affecte le fonctionnement optimal du rumen. La reduction des emissions de CH4 par les ruminants presente donc un interet economique et environnemental non negligeable et passe inevitablement par une modification de l’ecosysteme microbien du rumen. L’objectif de ce travail de these etait de relier la production de CH4 avec la structure et l’activite de la communaute methanogene du rumen. Differents modeles de manipulation de l’ecosysteme microbien ruminal comme la defaunation (elimination des protozoaires) et l’utilisation d’aliments connus pour modifier la methanogenese ont ete utilises. Le rumen etant un ecosysteme complexe, les interactions fonctionnelles entre les Archaea methanogenes et les autres microorganismes presents (bacteries et protozoaires) ont egalement ete etudiees. Dans cette optique, des outils de biologie moleculaire, permettant de cibler les principales communautes microbiennes, ont ete optimises. Nos travaux permettent de conclure sur l’absence de relation claire entre le nombre (et/ou la concentration) des Archaea methanogenes et la methanogenese dans le rumen. Cependant les reductions des emissions de CH4 ont ete attribuees aux changements dans la diversite de la communaute methanogene et la disponibilite en hydrogene. Ce travail de these a mis en evidence que les modifications de la composition et/ou de l’activite metabolique de la communaute des Archaea methanogenes seraient a l’origine des reductions des emissions de CH4 par les ruminants. Une meilleure connaissance des mecanismes microbiens impliques dans la production de methane permettra d’envisager de nouvelles pistes pour diminuer les emissions chez les ruminants.