Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SICOPOLIS-AD v 1 : an open-source adjoint modeling framework for ice sheet simulation enabled by the algorithmic differentiation tool

We present a new capability of the ice sheet model SICOPOLIS that enables flexible adjoint code generation via source transformation using the open-source algorithmic differentiation (AD) tool OpenAD. The adjoint code enables efficient calculation of sensitivities of a scalar-valued objective function or quantity of interest (QoI) to a range of important, often spatially varying model input variables, including initial and boundary conditions, as well as model parameters. Compared to earlier work on adjoint code generation of SICOPOLIS, our work is based on several important advances: (i) it is embedded 5 within the up-to-date trunk of the SICOPOLIS repository – accounting for one and a half decades of code development and improvements – and is readily available to the wider community; (ii) the AD tool used, OpenAD, is an open-source tool; (iii) the adjoint code developed is applicable to both Greenland and Antarctica, including grounded ice as well as floating ice shelves, and with an extended choice of thermodynamical representations. A number of code refactorization steps were required. They are discussed in detail in an Appendix as they hold lessons for application of AD to legacy codes at large. As an example 10 application, we examine the sensitivity of the total Antarctic Ice Sheet volume to changes in initial ice thickness, summer precipitation, and basal and surface temperatures across the ice sheet. Simulations of Antarctica with floating ice shelves show that over 100 years of simulation the sensitivity of total ice sheet volume to the initial ice thickness and precipitation is almost uniformly positive, while the sensitivities to surface and basal temperature are almost uniformly negative. Sensitivity to summer precipitation is largest on floating ice shelves from Queen Maud to Queen Mary Land. The largest sensitivity to initial 15 ice thickness is at outlet glaciers around Antarctica. Comparison between total ice sheet volume sensitivities to surface and basal temperature shows that surface temperature sensitivities are higher broadly across the floating ice shelves, while basal temperature sensitivities are highest at the grounding lines of floating ice shelves and outlet glaciers. A uniformly perturbed region of East Antarctica reveals that, among the four control variables tested here, total ice sheet volume is most sensitive to variations in summer precipitation as formulated in SICOPOLIS. Comparison between adjointand finite-difference-derived 20 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-213 Preprint. Discussion started: 8 August 2019 c © Author(s) 2019. CC BY 4.0 License.
Fingerprinting SDN Applications via Encrypted Control Traffic

By decoupling control and data planes, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) enriches network functionalities with deploying diversified applications in a logically centralized controller. As the applications reveal the presence or absence of internal network services and functionalities, they appear as black-boxes, which are invisible to network users. In this paper, we show an adversary can infer what applications run on SDN controllers by analyzing low-level and encrypted control traffic. Such information can help an adversary to identify valuable targets, know the possible presence of network defense, and thus schedule a battle plan for a later stage of an attack. We design deep learning based methods to accurately and efficiently fingerprint all SDN applications from mixed control traffic. To evaluate the feasibility of the attack, we collect massive traces of control traffic from a real SDN testbed running various applications. Extensive experiments demonstrate an adversary can accurately identify various SDN applications with a 95.4% accuracy on average.
Association of Self Perceived Oral Health on Oral Health Related Quality of Life among Pregnant and Non Pregnant Women in Bangalore City

Introduction: A woman’s pregnancy experience not only influences her general health but also has an effect on her oral health. Diet and oral hygiene practices changes due to oral problems. High levels of oral diseases may also have an impact on the oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) as well. Objective: To find an association between self-perceived oral healths on oral health related quality of life among pregnant and non-pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A total of 600 pregnant and non-pregnant women participated in the study with a mean age of 21±2.8. The study was carried out among 300 women in various stages of pregnancy, reporting for antenatal check-up at KC General Hospital Bangalore and 300 non pregnant women were recruited among women who were either accompanying patient to the hospital or those who attended the OPD of General medicine at KC General Hospital. The participants in the study were administered oral health impact profile-14 questionnaires followed by oral examination for dental caries and periodontal status using WHO 1997 criteria. The statistical test applied was independent t-test. Results: The highest oral impact on quality of life among pregnant women was interrupt meals (1.00±0.00) followed by painful aching in the mouth (0.79±0.63) followed by diet been unsatisfactory (0.55±1.17). Among non-pregnant the OHIP which most commonly affected the teeth or mouth was sense of taste worsened (0.9±0.28), followed by being self-conscious (0.68±1.36) and trouble pronouncing any words (0.64±0.97). Factors such as bleeding gums (1.00±2) and dental caries (1.07±0.253) had impact on OHIP-14 in pregnant women and non-pregnant women. Conclusion: Self perceived oral conditions such as bleeding gums, decayed teeth, showed to have an impact on oral health related quality of life.
Line Intensity Measurements of the ] 7 + ] 8 Band of Ethylene ( 12 C 2 H 4 )

4 ) for its atmospheric and astrophysical importance. Ethylene is naturally present in the atmosphere and is one of several precursors for the formation of tropospheric ozone, a pollutant that has adverse effects on human health. It also has been detected in the atmospheres of the Jovian planets Jupiter, Saturn,Neptune [1–4] and the satellite Titan [5]. Since accurate rotation-vibration parameters and knowledge of line positions and intensities are needed in the detection and monitoring of ethylene in the atmosphere, there have been a number of ethylene studies on the subject in the literature (e.g., [6–10]). As part of our ongoing FTIR investigation of ethylene and its isotopic variants [11–21], determination of the upper state rovibrational constants and line intensity measurements of the A-type ]
CS 231 A Course Project Final Report Unsupervised Learning of Text-sensitive Features For Large-scale Scene Classification

“It’s not neccesarily who has the most powerful algorithm who wins, but rather who has the most data” is a widely held belief in the machine learning community. One could always try to find more labeled data, but this may sometimes be expensive or prohibitive. In this work, we seek ways to leverage vast amounts of freely available unlabeled data along with weak or noisy annotations (possibly coming from different modalities, such as images and text) to our advantage and create meaningful feature representations. Specifically, we use freely available Flickr images along with their tags to learn features that capture both visual and sematic information, and evaluate the performance of such features on the SUN large-scale image classification task.
SEMANTIC PROCESSING TRIGGERS CROSS-LINGUISTIC INTERFERENCE DURING EARLY PHONETIC CATEGORY DEVELOPMENT

The present work explored the initial stages of adult L2 learning with a focus on the acquisition of the target language sound system. Specifically, the study analyzed the development of Spanish stop voicing in an immersion learning context in which L1 use was minimal and L2 input was maximized. Native English speaking learners of Spanish and bilinguals provided production data that were analyzed using Bayesian multilevel models. The analyses included a pre/post program evaluation of stop voicing in a delayed shadowing task, as well as a comparison with the participants’ post-program production in a task that required semantic processing. The analyses revealed phonetic learning for stop voicing over the course of the program, though production gains diminished when the task required semantic processing. The results suggest L2 phonetic category formation can occur at an early stage of development, but L2 phonetic representations are unstable during initial stages of learning.
Identification of tunneling and multiphoton ionization in intermediate Keldysh parameter regime

Quantitative identification of tunneling ionization (TI) and multiphoton ionization (MPI) with Keldysh parameter γ in intermediate regime is of great importance to better understand various ionization-triggered strong-field phenomena. We theoretically demonstrate that the numerical observable ionization delay time is a more reliable indicator for characterizing the transition from TI to MPI under different laser parameters. Using non-linear iterative curve fitting algorithm (NICFA), the detected time-dependent probability current of ionized electrons can be decoupled into weighted TI and MPI portions. This enables us to confirm that the observed plateau-like structure in ionization delay time picture at the intermediate γ originates from the competition between TI and MPI processes. A hybrid quantum and classical approach (HQCA) is developed to evaluate the weights of TI and MPI electrons in good agreement with NICFA result. Moreover, the well separated TI andMPI electrons using HQCA are further propagated classically for mapping their final momentum, which well reproduces the experimental or ab-initio numerical calculated signatures of ionized electron momentum distribution in a rather broad γ regime. © 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement
Corporate Governance and Downside Systematic Risk with a Moderating Role of Socio-Political Factors in

This research investigates the effect of corporate governance on downside systematic risk with moderating effect of socio-political factor. Corporate governance covers key areas such as board structure, ownership structure and audit quality. The research used two proxies, terrorism and assassination, to construct socio-political index, whereas downside-CAPM of Estrada (2002) is used as a measure of systematic risk. Using a sample of 201 non-financial firms from 2003 to 2014, this study has used the Arellano-Bond Dynamic Data-Estimation regression approach to uncover the relationship. Results revealed that the corporate governance mechanism reduces the firm’s downside systematic risk and socio-political factor moderates the relationship between corporate governance and downside systematic risk.
Review article Practical experience with intensity-modulated radiotherapy

At the Ipswich Hospital implementation of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) commenced in February 2001 based on an established 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT) service. This paper describes our experiences as we commissioned a fully-integrated IMRT planning and delivery system, and established IMRT within the department. Commissioning measurements incorporated a series of tests to ensure the integrity of the system and form the basis of routine quality assurance (QA) procedures. Potential IMRT patients proceeded through pre-treatment in the same way as standard 3D CRT patients. All were dual-planned for IMRT and 3D CRT with no change in established fractionation regimen, and the resulting plans evaluated. IMRT was selected for treatment where it offered a significant advantage by improving dose homogeneity and conformity within the target volume and/or reducing dose to organs at risk. Extensive pre-treatment verification was undertaken on all plans to check dynamic multileaf collimator (MLC) delivery and monitor unit calculation. Patients were monitored throughout treatment with amorphous silicon electronic portal imaging to ensure reproducibility of set-up. Between June 2001 and June 2003 21 patients were treated with inverse-planned IMRT to sites within the head and neck and lung. IMRT has enabled precise delivery to irregular shaped target volumes, avoiding organs at risk and enabling doses to be increased to radical levels in some cases. Additionally over 200 CT scanned breast patients were treated with forward-planned electronic compensation delivered by dynamic MLC, improving dose homogeneity within the breast volume compared with standard wedged plans. The IMRT programme will continue at the Ipswich Hospital with the introduction of further clinical sites and adoption of more aggressive fractionation regimens within the confines of multicentre clinical trials.
Catalpol enhances neurogenesis in the SVZ in a rat model of strokes

Recent studies have shown that catalpol provides neuroprotective effects. It also increases vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin in stroke-affected brains. It remains unclear, however, whether catalpol can enhance neurogenesis after strokes. In the current study, rats were administered catalpol and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), following permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (pMCAO). Neurogenesis in the subventricular zone was observed. Results showed that catalpol increased the number of new immature neurons (BrdU+-Nestin+ and BrdU+-Tuj-1+) at day 7 after strokes. Moreover, catalpol treatment increased Tuj-1, MAP2, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression levels. It also increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. Behavioral assessment demonstrated that catalpol improved neurological outcomes. The laterality index decreased significantly following treatment with catalpol, as well. Present results indicate that catalpol enhances neurogenesis and the survival of new neurons. Therefore, it may be a potential strategy for treatment of strokes.
Teachers ’ Self-Efficacy in Handling Pupils with Emotional Problems : Basis for Teachers ’ Training Program

Teachers’ self-efficacy is competence and adaptability in dealing with day-to-day problems of all sorts like stress, physical and mental fatigue, and pressures in school. This study is grounded on Self-Efficacy Theory of Albert Bandura and utilized the questionnaire adapted from Teachers’ Sense of Self-Efficacy Scale of Tschannen-Moran and Woolfolk, Hoy (2001). The same questionnaire was subjected to face and content validation and gained . 93 Cronbach Alpha Value or high validity and reliability result. The respondents were 99 public elementary teachers. The results of the study revealed that the majority of the teachers were married, handled large class size or 46 up to 50 pupils in a class, with Teacher 1 position, and have been teaching for about 16-20 years yet claimed to have no in-service training on behavior management. Having found wanting for training on behavior management, teachers turned into their self-efficacy. Their level of selfefficacy was high in aspects of disciplinary self-efficacy, instructional self-efficacy, efficacy to enlist parental involvement, and efficacy to create positive school climate. This is indicative of a high extent of manifestation of abilities of the teachers in the performance of their classroom duties. Same results, though, also indicated that there is a need for development of more effective strategies to deal with pupils with emotional problems and to make the school a “child-friendly” environment. The findings further revealed that the teachers’ experience had significant relationship with their level of disciplinary and instructional self-efficacy, hence the inputs for proposed teachers’ training program.
TONAL PROPERTIES OF THE AKAN PARTICLE NA

This paper investigates the tonal realization of the particle na in the West African tone language Akan. It features lexical as well as grammatical tone. In previous linguistic studies, na as focus marker has been analyzed as low (L), na as an element that affects the logical or temporal interpretation of complex sentences as high (H). For the present purposes, eight speakers of Akan read a number of sentences containing na either as a focus or as a narrative marker. We further distinguished (1) the focus na occurring in questions and (2) the narrative na occurring sentence-initially and sentencemedially. Results of acoustic measurements indicated that the tone of na as a focus marker is low. For the particle’s function as a narrative marker regardless of its position, both H and L tones were measured. Thus, these results do not support the assumption of a high tone na.
PartOf Basis Embeddings Definition Encoder Relation Retriever → → → → → →

Concept representations is a particularly active area in NLP. Although recent advances in distributional semantics have shown tremendous improvements in performance, they still lack semantic interpretability. In this paper, we introduce a novel hybrid representation called Definition Frames, which is extracted from definitions under the formulation of domain-transfer Relation Extraction. Definition Frames are easily reformulated to a matrix representation where each row is semantically meaningful. This results in a fluid representation, where we can prune dimension(s) according to the type of information we want to retain for any specific task. Our results show that Definition Frames (1) maintain the significant semantic information of the original definition (human evaluation) and (2) have competitive performance with other distributional semantic approaches on word similarity tasks. Furthermore, our experiments show substantial improvements over word-embeddings when fine-tuned to a task even using only a linear transform.
Data base Search on Web Facial Images using Unsupervised Label Refinement

Auto face annotation is important in many real world knowledge management system and multimedia information. Face annotation is a field of face detection and recognition. Mining weakly labeled web facial images on the internet has emerged as a promising paradigm towards auto face annotation. A know framework search based face annotation (SBFA) is there to mine weakly labeled facial images that is available on World Wide Web (WWW). A one challenging problem with search based face annotation scheme is how effectively perform annotation by listing similar facial images and their weak labels which are noisy and incomplete. To treacle this problem proposed approach is unsupervised label refinement (URL) for refining the labels of web facial images. To speed up the proposed scheme a clustering-based approximation algorithm is used which improve the scalability. The proposed UPL algorithm can significantly boost the performance of the promising SBFA scheme.
Social Media Data-Based Sentiment Analysis of Tourists’ Air Quality Perceptions

Analyzing tourists’ perceptions of air quality is of great significance to the study of tourist experience satisfaction and the image construction of tourism destinations. In this study, using the web crawler technique, we collected 27,500 comments regarding the air quality of 195 of China’s Class 5A tourist destinations posted by tourists on Sina Weibo from January 2011 to December 2017; these comments were then subjected to a content analysis using the Gooseeker, ROST CM (Content Mining System) and BosonNLP (Natural Language Processing) tools. Based on an analysis of the proportions of sentences with different emotional polarities with ROST EA (Emotion Analysis), we measured the sentiment value of texts using the artificial neural network (ANN) machine learning method implemented through a Chinese social media data-oriented Boson platform based on the Python programming language. The content analysis results indicated that in the adaption stage in Sina Weibo, tourists’ perceptions of air quality were mainly positive and had poor air pollution crisis awareness. Objective emotion words exhibited a similarly high proportion as subjective emotion words, indicating that taking both objective and subjective emotion words into account simultaneously helps to comprehensively understand the emotional content of the comments. The sentiment analysis results showed that for the entire text, sentences with positive emotions accounted for 85.53% of the total comments, with a sentiment value of 0.786, which belonged to the positive medium level; the direction of the temporal “up-down-up” changes and the spatial pattern of high in the south and low in the north (while having little difference between the east and the west) were basically consistent with reality. A further exploration of the theoretical basis of the semi-supervised ANN approach or the introduction of other machine learning methods using different data sources will help to analyze this phenomenon in greater depth. The paper provides evidence for new data and methods for air quality research in tourist destinations and provides a new tool for air quality monitoring.
Talker Intelligibility and Listening Effort with Temporally Modified Speech

Individual differences in talker acoustics substantially affect intelligibility in adverse listening conditions. Spectral enhancement has been found to reliably boost intelligibility in noise while temporal enhancement remains less effective. A potentially mediating factor that has been ignored so far is listening effort, as objectively assessed by the pupil dilation response. In two perception experiments, we measured intelligibility (keyword recall scores) and listening effort (pupil dilation) for two talkers in two listening conditions and with varying degrees of temporal modification. Results suggest that while keyword recall scores are sensitive to individual talker differences across listening conditions, the pupil dilation response reflects the degree of temporal and spectral distortion introduced by the signal processing techniques.
Diffusion of Environmental Awareness ∗

A high level of “environmental awareness” in the participating countries will likely raise the success of the Kyoto Protocol negotiated in Paris in 2015. In this context it is of interest to investigate the diffusion of environmental awareness, and also the (economic) factors, on which this diffusion depends. This paper addresses these questions for the regions of the Russian Federation, which are sufficiently diverse regarding cultural and economic issues. From a formal point of view, a “Multiple-Indicator-MultipleCauses” (MIMIC) approach, based on a variety of “indicators” for environmental awareness, derived from search entries in c ©Yandex, and a variety of “causes”, economic and socio-economic factors, is applied. The empirical results point first to a strong dependence of environmental awareness on the level of GRP per capita. Moreover, the diffusion seems to spread from the eastern part of Russia towards the western regions.
Corporate Social Responsibility , Corporate Governance , and Investment Efficiency : Evidence from an Asian Emerging Market

This paper is the first to investigate the effects of the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate governance on investment efficiency among firms in Taiwan, an emerging Asian market. The empirical results show that CSR significantly mitigates agency problems and information asymmetry and, thus, leads to less investment inefficiency after controlling for other predictors of investment efficiency and potential endogeneity. More importantly, CSR involvement has a more pronounced effect on reducing investment inefficiency when corporate governance is strong among firms in the emerging Taiwanese market. These findings have investment and management implications for Taiwanese investors, firm managers and authorities.