Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the MMPI-2 Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5), the NEO-PI, and the NEO-PI-R

This study examined relations between Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5 ; A. R. Harkness, J. L. McNulty, & Y. S. Ben-Porath, 1995), NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI ; P. T. Costa & R. R. McCrae, 1985), and the revised NEO-PI(NEO-PI-R; P. T. Costa & R. R. McCrae, 1992b) scores in community (N = 170) and clinical (N = 57) samples. In the clinical sample, the temporal stability of the scales and their associations with personality disorder symptom counts were also assessed. Correlations between the two instruments demonstrated meaningful relations between the two sets of constructs in both samples. Both instruments showed substantial stability over 6 months, and both were significant and substantial predictors of symptom counts for most personality disorders. The data support the reinterpretation of personality disorders in terms of underlying dimensions of personality.
Nature of Depression in Patients with HIV/AIDS

Objective: Existing research suggests that the rate of depressive illness and depressive symptoms are high in people living with HIV/AIDS, but investigations on the causes of depression provide conflicting results. Social, psychological and biological factors have all been suggested as possible causes of depression in people living with HIV/AIDS. The suggestion that depression may be the result of the neurotropic effects of the virus on the central nervous system leading to an ‘organic’ or secondary depression has major implications in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. The aim of the current study was to further investigate the nature and underlying aetiology of depression in people living with HIV/AIDS. Method: One hundred and twenty-nine people living with HIV/AIDS recruited for the study from outpatients clinics and primary care settings completed a range of self-report symptom measures including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), SF-36, SPHERE and a personality measure, the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI). They also completed a battery of neuropsychological tests (CANTAB) and a structured clinical interview (SCID-DSM-IV). Medical and sociodemographic data were also recorded. Results: Approximately one-third scored ≥14 on the BDI and 27% met criteria for a current ‘mood disorder’ on the SCID. Depressive symptoms were strongly related to personality style, having a past psychiatric history and current stressful psychosocial situation. There was no association between depression and HIV disease status. There was no evidence in this study cohort of a distinct subtype of ‘organic’ or secondary depression. Conclusions: These results suggest that at least for ‘well’ people living with HIV/AIDS, there is no distinct subtype of depression and early treatment approaches can be modelled on those used for other non-HIV groups. Further longitudinal studies will be required to dissect out the multiple factors underlying depression in HIV/AIDS.
Why curriculum learning & self-paced learning work in big/noisy data: A theoretical perspective

Since being recently raised, curriculum learning (CL) and self-paced learning (SPL) have attracted increasing attention due to its multiple successful applications. While currently the rationality of this learning regime is heuristically inspired by the cognitive principle of humans, there still isn't a sound theory to explain the intrinsic mechanism leading to its effectiveness, especially on some successful attempts on big/noise data. To address this issue, this paper presents some theoretical results for revealing the insights under this learning scheme. Specifically, we first formulate a new learning problem aiming to learn a proper classifier from samples generated from the training distribution which is deviated from the target distribution. Furthermore, we find that the CL/SPL regime provides a feasible solving strategy for this learning problem. Especially, by first introducing high-confidence/easy samples and gradually involving low-confidence/complex ones into learning, the CL/SPL process latently minimizes an upper bound of the expected risk under target distribution, purely using the data from the deviated training distribution. We further construct a new SPL learning algorithm based on random sampling, which better complies with our theory, and substantiate its effectiveness by experiments implemented on synthetic and real data.
Asocial and afraid: An examination of shyness and anxiety in emerging adulthood

Abstract Shy emerging adults report greater internalizing behaviors and lower quality close relationships, but fewer externalizing behaviors (Nelson et al., 2008). Although multiple forms of children’s and adolescents' social withdrawal have been identified, such as social fearfulness and social disinterest (withdrawal, but no fear; e.g., Coplan & Rubin, 2010), less work has been done to examine emerging adults’ multiple forms of withdrawal. Therefore, we conducted an online study of emerging adults (N = 813) at five American colleges and universities (57% women; 73% European American), and identified 29 asocial, 57 shy, and a comparison group of 314 emerging adults. Results indicated that shy- anxious emerging adults experienced the worst levels of adjustment; thus, being shy and anxious may impede important developmental tasks ofemerging adulthood, such as settling on one’s religious beliefs, developing an identity, and developing quality relationships with others (peers and parents).
Preschoolers can attribute second-order beliefs

The ability to attribute 2nd-order mental states was investigated in 87 children drawn from preschool, kindergarten, 1 st-grade, and 2nd-grade classes. Children received 4 stories, 2 standard and 2 new, designed to test their understanding of 2nd-order mental states. The standard stories were modified versions of J. Perner and H. Wimmer's (1985) 2nd-order task. The new stories were made significantly simpler by reducing the number of characters, episodes, and scenes and by including a deception context. The main findings were that performance on the new stories was significantly better than on the standard stories and that nearly half of the preschoolers and almost all of the kindergartners were able to attribute 2nd-order beliefs. These findings contrast with earlier research
Revealing Feelings: Facets of Emotional Expressivity in Self-Reports, Peer Ratings, and Behavior

Drawing on an explicit model of emotion, we propose a multifaceted approach to emotional expressivity, defined as the behavioral (e.g., facial, postural) changes associated with emotion. Study 1 shows that self-reported expressivity has 3 facets (Impulse Strength, Negative Expressivity, Positive Expressivity). Study 2 shows that the same 3 facets emerge in peer ratings and that there are robust relations between self- and peer-rated expressivity. In Study 3, emotion-expressive behavior was videotaped and related to expressivity self-reports obtained several months earlier. As expected, Negative Expressivity predicted behavioral expressions of sadness (but not amusement), whereas Positive Expressivity predicted amusement (but not sadness). These relations remained even when subjective emotional experience and physiological response were controlled. These studies demonstrate the importance of a multifaceted approach to emotional expressivity and have implications for the understanding of personality and emotion. Emotions help us respond adaptively to environmental challenges and opportunities (Frijda, 1988; Levenson, 1994; Plutchik, 1980). Unlike other biologically based response tendencies, such as reflexes, however, emotions only incline us to act in certain ways; they do not compel us to do so. This means that we may deny expression to some emotional impulses while freely expressing others. Striking individual differences in expressivity suggest that people differ in their response tendencies and in how they express these impulses as they arise. Because emotions influence such a wide range of intra- and interpersonal processes (e.g., Diener, 1984; Ekman & Davidson, 1994; Salovey, Mayer, & Rosenhan, 1991; Snyder, 1987), these differences long have intrigued scientists (e.g., Darwin, 1872). In this article, we conceptualize individual differences in emotional expressivity in terms of three facets and use self-reports, peer ratings, and behavioral observations to explore this domain. Defining Emotional Expressivity
Partner Alignment and Governance in it Software Alliances

This study investigates the effect of partner alignment on the choice of using equity versus non-equity alliance governance mode in information technology (IT) software alliances. Using 485 IT software alliances established in six developed Asia Pacific countries in the period 1998 to 2004, this study proposed and found that non-equity governance mode is adopted when the partners are of the same nationality and when the number of partners in the alliance is smaller. The choice of governance mode is however not affected by whether the partners come from similar or related industries and whether the alliance is established in the same industry as the partners. These results partially support the behavioral uncertainty arguments in transaction cost economics (TCE), as opposed to the need to maintain control and protect knowledge and technologies. This observation can be partially attributed to the nature of activities in the IT software sector where ex ante specification of activities is difficult and thus the need to maintain flexibility to allow for uncertainty and emergent opportunities. Various implications are discussed.
Boundary spanning and individual performance: The impact of self-monitoring

Boundary-spanning positions require occupants to interact with groups whose norms may differ from one another. It was hypothesized that individuals holding these positions would perform better if they were sensitive to social cues and able to adapt their behavior to fit the circumstances. 93 field representatives (average age 30.5 yrs) who acted as boundary spanners were given the Self-Monitoring Scale. Results show that significant relationships existed between job performance and an individual difference variable (self-monitoring) that assessed the ability of respondents to adjust their self-presentation to fit the situation; self-monitoring was most important during the period of early tenure. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
Application of Fuzzy Support Machine in Penicillin Ferment

Support vector machine (SVM) is a learning algorithm based on structural risk minimization (SRM), it is a good regression way, which has good generalization ability also. A fuzzy support vector machine based on distance which used to model the mycelial concentration by soft sensor is proposed in this article. The optimization question is resolved by sequential minimal optimization (SMO). The simulation example shows that this FSVM could measure the parameters, which could not be measured online during the course of penicillin fermentation, with a high precision.
Prenatal cocaine exposure impairs selective attention: Evidence from serial reversal and extradimensional shift tasks

This study assessed the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on cognitive functioning, using an intravenous (IV) rodent model that closely mimics the pharmacokinetics seen in humans after smoking or IV injection and that avoids maternal stress and undernutrition. Cocaine-exposed males were significantly impaired on a 3-choice, but not 2-choice, olfactory serial reversal learning task. Both male and female cocaine-exposed rats were significantly impaired on extradimensional shift tasks that required shifting from olfactory to spatial cues; however, they showed no impairment when required to shift from spatial to olfactory cues. In-depth analyses of discrete learning phases implicated deficient selective attention as the basis of impairment in both tasks. These data provide clear evidence that prenatal cocaine exposure produces long-lasting cognitive dysfunction, but they also underscore the specificity of the impairment.
Multiple indicators of children's reading habits and attitudes: Construct validity and cognitive correlates.

Sixty-three 5th-grade children completed daily-activity diaries indicating how they spent their nonschool time for 15 days. From these diaries, estimates of the minutes per day that were spent in various activities were derived. The estimate of book-wading time from the activity diary correlated with new measures of individual differences in exposure to print that use a checklist-with-foils logic and that have very brief administration times. Both diary-estimated and checklist-estimated book reading predicted a variety of verbal outcome measures, but estimates of television watching did not
Spontaneous verbal rehearsal in a memory task as a function of age

A distinction is made between 2 alternative hypotheses for explaining an often-reported deficiency in verbally mediated performance during early childhood: (1) the verbal response is made, but tends not to mediate performance ("mediational-deficiency hypothesis"); (2) the verbal response tends not to be made ("production-deficiency hypothesis"). A study is described which attempts to meet the ideal criteria for a test of the productiondeficiency hypothesis. The method used was that of direct observation of S's spontaneous verbalizations, and the hypothesis was confirmed by the finding that kindergarteners are less likely than older children to rehearse stimulus names in a nonverbal serial recall task.
High-fidelity quantum photonics on a programmable integrated circuit

We introduce a programmable photonic integrated circuit for implementing arbitrary linear optics transformations in the spatial mode basis with high fidelity. Under a realistic fabrication model, we analyze programmed implementations of the CNOT gate, CPHASE gate, iterative phase estimation algorithm, state preparation, and quantum random walks. We find that programmability dramatically improves device tolerance to fabrication imperfections and enables a single device to implement a broad range of both quantum and classical linear optics experiments. Our results suggest that existing fabrication processes are sufficient to build such a device in the silicon photonics platform.
Relative importance of face, body, and speech in judgments of personality and affect.

Three experiments correlated judgments made from observing single channels (face, body, or speech) with multiple channel judgments (face, body, and speech together; or face and speech together). Judges observed the spontaneous behavior of videotaped student nurses in 2 types of interview situations, "deceptive" and "honest," and rated the nurses on 14 bipolar adjective scales (e.g., awkward–natural). The single channel judgments that correlated most highly with the multiple channel judgments depended on the type of attribute being judged and the situation in which the behavior occurred (e.g., in the deception condition, judgments made from speech had the highest correlation with whole-person judgments). (18 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Beginning Java 8 Fundamentals: Language Syntax, Arrays, Data Types, Objects, and Regular Expressions

Beginning Java 8 Fundamentals provides a comprehensive approach to learning the Java programming language, especially the object-oriented fundamentals necessary at all levels of Java development. Author Kishori Sharan provides over 90 diagrams and 240 complete programs to help beginners and intermediate level programmers learn the topics faster. Starting with basic programming concepts, the author walks you through writing your first Java program step-by-step. Armed with that practical experience, you'll be ready to learn the core of the Java language. The book continues with a series of foundation topics, including using data types, working with operators, and writing statements in Java. These basics lead onto the heart of the Java language: object-oriented programming. By learning topics such as classes, objects, interfaces, and inheritance you'll have a good understanding of Java's object-oriented model. The final collection of topics takes what you've learned and turns you into a real Java programmer. You'll see how to take the power of object-oriented programming and write programs that can handle errors and exceptions, process strings and dates, format data, and work with arrays to manipulate data. What youll learn How to write your first Java programs with an emphasis on learning object-oriented programming in Java What are data types, operators, statements, classes and objects How to do exception handling, assertions, strings and dates, and object formatting What are regular expressions and how to use them How to work with arrays, interfaces, enums,and inheritance How to deploy Java applications on memory-constrained devices using compact profiles Who this book is for This book is for those who are new to Java programming, who may have some or even no prior programming experience.
Behavioral inhibition to the unfamiliar.

KAGAN, JEROME; REZNICK, J. STEVEN; CLARKE, CHARLOTTE; SNIDMAN, NANCY; and GARCIA-COLL, CYNTHIA. Behavioral Inhibition to the Unfamiliar. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1984, 55, 2212--2225. A group of 43 children classified as either behaviorally inhibited or uninhibited at 21 months were observed at 4 years of age in situations designed to evaluate behavior with an unfamiliar peer, heart rate and heart rate variability to cognitively challenging tasks, reluctance to answer difficult questions, and differential fixation of an active and passive figure in various scenes. At age 4, the 22 formerly inhibited children, compared with the 21 uninhibited children, were socially inhibited with the other child, displayed a higher and more stable heart rate, were more reluctant to guess at difficult problems, and preferentially fixated the passive figure. Additionally, the mothers' descriptions of their children were in accord with the observed behaviors. These data, which are consonant with the work of others, suggest that a tendency toward behavioral inhibition or lack of inhibition to the unfamiliar is moderately stable over the preschool years and possibly influenced by biological factors.
Balancing for Weaknesses and Challenging Developmental Potential: A Longitudinal Study of Mother-Infant Dyads in Apprenticeship Interactions

Mother-infant interactions, in order to be effective in fostering infant mastery, may resemble apprenticeship interactions: The more competent partner balances for weaknesses of the other partner and, at the same time, challenges the less competent partner's developmental potential by setting advanced goals. This study adopts a longitudinal design in order to track intradyad developmental change in infant task-related mastery and concomitant maternal behavior. The interactions of 12 mother-infant pairs performing simple tasks were video-recorded on five occasions, at bimonthly intervals between the infant's 14th and 22nd month. It is expected, as infants gain more mastery across the longitudinal span, that mothers gradually withdraw support in terms of concrete, specific, and nonverbal means of instruction. It is predicted, moreover, that mothers follow a one-step-ahead strategy when adapting their instructions to their infants' current level of mastery. The results indicate that, across the longitudinal span, mothers gradually withdrew support as their infants gained mastery. Maternal instructions became less explicit, less concrete, less nonverbal, and more verbal across the longitudinal span. The findings support the predicted one-step-ahead model for maternal instruction, both on a global and microsequential level. The issue of instruction in natural contexts has become central in developmental psychology, especially in research regarding infants and preschoolers (Rogoff & Wertsch, 1984). Kaye (1982) has proposed the concept of apprenticeship as a characterization of interactions between parents and infants. An apprenticeship frame can serve as an instructional frame (out of many similar ones in life-span development) in which adults, as the more competent partners, foster children's acquisition of skills and knowledge by carefully balancing for the children's current weaknesses or lack of competence and, at the same time, challenge their developmental potential. Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development (Vygotsky; 1978) closely resembles this conception: It is the competent partner's helping support combined with the setting of challenging action goals that assists the child to achieve beyond its current level of mastery and, thus, promotes the child's development.
Nonprofit Collections of Digital Personal Experience Narratives

Nonprofit organizations have long used the personal experience narratives of clients, staff, and stakeholders in their communications. This study explores digital-age practices with this text form, analyzing 82 collections of digital personal experience narratives (DPENs) housed at or linked to Web sites of nonprofit organizations. Results are reported on the variety and frequency of the modes, featured constituencies, narrative perspectives, and digital interface features in the sample. Overall, the nonprofit DPEN collections sampled showed limited use of new digital production and distribution possibilities. Practice, however, differed notably between two segments of nonprofits: networks and service organizations. To explore these results, the article discusses key examples of DPEN collections from each segment.
Plant Physiology With Reference To The Green Plant

plant physiology with reference to the green plant is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the plant physiology with reference to the green plant is universally compatible with any devices to read.
The Information Manifold

We describe the Information Manifold (IM), a system for browsing and querying of multiple networked information sources. As a first contribution, the system demonstrates the viability of knowledge representation technology for retrieval and organization of information from disparate (structured and unstructured) information sources. Such an organization allows the user to pose high-level queries that use data from multiple information sources. As a second contribution, we describe novel query processing algorithms used to combine information from multiple sources. In particular, our algorithms are guaranteed to find exactly the set of information sources relevant to a query, and to completely exploit knowledge about local closed world information (Etzioni et al. 1994).
Research and application of MD5 encryption algorithm

For the safety problem of important data in website construction and system development at present,such as user information,a MD5 encryption algorithm that can encrypt user passwords is put forward.As a one-way encryption algorithm,MD5 encryption algorithm is often used.In this paper,firstly,on the basis of deep study on the algorithm,the characteristics,algorithm theory and algorithm flow of MD5 are introduced.Secondly,the real application of MD5 algorithm is given in a specific system.Finally,a conclusion is drawn that MD5 algorithm is a very safe and easy to use encryption algorithm.