Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuroticism explained? From a non-informative vulnerability marker to informative person-context interactions in the realm of daily life.

OBJECTIVES Despite the well-replicated finding that neuroticism is associated with increased susceptibility for psychopathology, it remains unclear what 'vulnerability as indexed by neuroticism' represents in terms of everyday life emotional processes. This study examined the association between neuroticism and six phenotypes of daily life emotional responses: positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), PA variability, NA variability, stress sensitivity, and reward experience, and investigated the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to these associations. DESIGN A prospective cohort study in a population-based sample of 416 adult female twins. METHOD A momentary assessment approach (experience sampling method) was used to collect multiple assessments of affect in daily life. Neuroticism was assessed with the Eysenck Personality Scale. Multi-level regression analyses were carried out to examine the association between neuroticism and the phenotypes of daily life emotional responses. Cross-twin, cross-trait analyses, and bivariate structural equation modelling (SEM) were performed in order to investigate the nature of these associations. RESULTS A high neuroticism score was associated with lower momentary PA levels and increased NA variability, independent of momentary NA, PA variability, stress sensitivity, and reward experience. Both the cross-twin, cross-trait analyses, and the bivariate SEM showed that unique, non-shared environmental factors drive the association between neuroticism and PA and that the association between neuroticism and increased NA variability is based on shared genetic factors as well as individual-specific environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS Neuroticism as measured by Eysenck questionnaire may index an environmental risk for decreased daily life PA levels and a genetic as well as an environmental risk for increased NA variability. Decomposing the broad measure of neuroticism into measurable persons-context interactions increases its 'informative' value in explaining psychopathology.
Mental Health and Substance Misuse-Related Emergency Department Discharges in Urban Counties of North Carolina

BACKGROUND National evidence suggests that there is considerable variation between regions in emergency department utilization for routine health care needs. Many emergency departments are poorly equipped to manage the needs of patients with mental health or substance misuse diagnoses, who could often be more effectively managed in other settings. We sought to quantify differences in the frequency of mental health and substance misuse-related emergency department encounters across urban counties in North Carolina. METHODS Data from the 2010 North Carolina State Emergency Department and Inpatient Databases were analyzed with descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate statistics. Primary discharge diagnoses were classified using the International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes included with the databases. RESULTS The overall rate of mental health and substance misuse encounters in urban counties was 19.1 encounters per 1,000 people (4.5% of all emergency department encounters). This rate ranged from 6.4 encounters per 1,000 people (2.4% of encounters) in Wake County to 30.1 encounters per 1,000 people (6.4%) in Orange County. LIMITATIONS There is a possibility of nondifferential classification error in the state databases, as coding practices and coding errors may vary between facilities. We were unable to confirm diagnoses through additional clinical information or Diagnostic and Statistical Manual criteria. CONCLUSION Mental health and substance misuse-related encounters constitute a small percentage of emergency department encounters in North Carolina's urban counties, with significant variation between counties. Diverting some of these encounters to community-based mental health and substance misuse health care providers could reduce emergency department utilization while improving the quality of care delivered to this vulnerable patient population.
Viscoelasticity of Hyaluronan and Nonhyaluronan Based Vocal Fold Injectables: Implications for Mucosal Versus Muscle Use

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to measure and compare biomechanical properties of commonly used vocal fold injectates Cymetra, Radiesse, Restylane, Hylaform, and one investigational injectate, Carbylan‐GSX 5%, to determine suitability for mucosal injection.
Pulmonary Rehabilitation

BACKGROUND Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an evidence-based measure to benefit chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Many patients have benefitted from our robust university hospital–based PR program. We have objectively assessed the benefit of our PR program for COPD patients in Eastern North Carolina. METHODS We used retrospective chart review to collect data from all the patients who completed PR from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2013. Data collection included quality-of-life scores using short-form 36 (SF-36) and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) to measure exercise capacity before and after PR. We also collected data on COPD exacerbation frequency 1 year before and 1 year after PR. The data were analyzed using the statistical software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.0. RESULTS We analyzed data from 51 patients with 4 categories of COPD: mild (n = 2), moderate (n = 12), severe (n = 23), and very severe (n = 14). The PR program resulted in improvement in 6MWD of an average of 263.8 feet (P < .01) and a decrease in COPD exacerbation frequency by 0.3 events per year (P < .05). There were mixed results for quality-of-life scores. LIMITATIONS Our study was conducted at 1 center and thus involved a single COPD patient population with limited sample size. We did not follow patients long term to see whether the benefits were sustained. CONCLUSIONS Our PR program resulted in a positive impact on exercise capacity, COPD exacerbation rate, and some aspects of quality of life.
Writing about emotions versus goals: effects on hostility and medical care utilization moderated by emotional approach coping processes.

OBJECTIVES The study compared emotionally disclosive writing and writing about goals as the 'best possible self' to a control condition and evaluated coping through emotional processing (EP) and expression (EE) as moderators of effects at 1-month follow-up. METHOD Undergraduates (N=63) were randomly assigned to emotional disclosure (EMO), best possible self (BPS), or a control condition (CTL). Outcomes were hostility, medical visits, depressive symptoms, physical symptoms, and blood pressure. RESULTS At 1 month, hostility decreased in high-EP participants in EMO relative to BPS and decreased in low-EP participants in BPS relative to EMO. Low-EP participants had fewer medical visits in BPS, whereas high-EP participants had more visits in BPS relative to other conditions. CONCLUSIONS Benefits may accrue when the expressive task is matched to the individual's preferred coping strategy.
Prevalence of Senile Dementia in Okinawa, Japan

METHODS. The prevalence of dementia was investigated in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. In all, 3524 subjects, > or = 65 years old, were sampled randomly (urban and rural populations 61.1% and 38.9% respectively). Phase 1 of the survey was carried out by specially trained students of the Faculty of Medicine who used the Mini-Mental State (MMS) scale (interview rate: 94.3%) to screen 522 (15.8%) of the 3312 subjects for the phase 2 survey. Phase 2, conducted by psychiatrists using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R) criteria, detected 172 cases of dementia. RESULTS. The estimated prevalence of dementia was 6.7%. For women, the rate increased sharply in the 90-99 year old group, and was 41.4%; for men in the 90-99 year old group prevalence was 21.2%. The ratio of Alzheimer-type dementia to multi-infarct dementia was 1.5:1 (men 1.2:1, women 1.7:1). The breakdown of the severity of dementia in the total cases was: mild 16.9%, moderate 30.8%, and severe 52.3%. The number of severe cases increased with age.
in adaptive management of ecosystems

18 Increasing pressures for food, fiber, and fuel continue to drive global land-use changes. Efforts to 19 optimize ecosystem services under alternative land uses are often hampered by the complex 20 interactions and trade-offs among them. We examined the effects of land-use changes on 21 ecosystem carbon storage and groundwater recharge in grasslands of Argentina and the United 22 States to 1) understand the relationships between both services, 2) predict their responses to 23 vegetation shifts across environmental gradients, and 3) explore how market or policy incentives 24 for ecosystem services could affect land-use changes. A trade-off of ecosystem services was 25 evident in most cases, with woody encroachment increasing carbon storage (+29 Mg C/ha) but 26 by copyright. All economic values of the agricultural products together with the services, we highlight potentials 30 for relatively modest financial incentives for ecosystem services to abate land-use changes, and 31 for incentives for carbon to drive land-use decisions over those of water. Our findings also 32 identify key opportunities and caveats for some win-win and lose-lose land-use changes for more 33 integrative and sustainable strategies for land management.
Significant events in psychotherapy: An update of research findings.

PURPOSE Significant events research represents a specific approach to studying client-identified important moments in the therapy process. The current study provides an overview of the significant events research conducted, the methodology used together with findings and implications. METHOD PsychInfo database was searched with keywords such as significant events, important events, significant moments, important moments, and counselling or psychotherapy. The references of the selected studies were also searched. This process led to the identification of 41 primary studies that used client-identified significant event(s) as a main or secondary focus of the study. These were consequently reviewed with regard to their methodology and findings. The findings are presented according to type of study conducted. RESULTS The impacts of helpful events reported by clients are focused on contributions to therapeutic relationship and to in-session outcomes. Hindering events focus on some client disappointment with the therapist or therapy. The group therapy modality highlighted additional helpful impacts (like learning from others). Perspectives on what is significant in therapy differ between clients and therapists. The intensive qualitative studies reviewed confirm that the processes involved in significant events are complex and ambiguous. Studies show that the helpful events may also contain many hindering elements and that specific events are deeply contextually embedded in the preceding events of therapy. CONCLUSIONS Some studies suggest that helpful significant events are therapeutically productive although this may need to be established further. Specific intensive studies show that the clients' perceptions in therapy may differ dramatically from that of the therapist. Furthermore, the relational and emotional aspects of significant moments may be more important for the clients than the cognitive aspects of therapy which are frequently stressed by therapists.
A Study on Automatic Flaw Detection using MSSIM in Ultrasound Imaging of Steel Plate

Ultrasound imaging had been widely used in nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of materials due to its operational safety and portability. The interpretation of result depends on specialist’s judgement which can sometimes be ambiguous and subjective. In image quality assessment, Mean Structural Similarity index (MSSIM) is a proven method to quantitatively evaluate image quality, which is highly matched with qualitative evaluation of human. This method can statistically calculate difference between two images and represent as a number. Therefore, applying MSSIM on ultrasound images will quantify difference between compared imaged into number. In case ultrasound image of a benchmark material which contains no flaw is available, MSSIM has high potential to create a machine that can automatically recognize presence of flaw in materials. As a fundamental study of this technique, this paper tested the proposed technique in detection of steel plate bottom flaw.
Regulatory mode preferences for autonomy supporting versus controlling instructional styles.

BACKGROUND Three studies carried out in educational settings examined determinants of teacher's instructional styles and students' degree of satisfaction with the learning climates created by such styles. AIMS Based upon regulatory mode theory, Studies 1 and 2 tested the hypotheses that teachers' locomotion orientation will be positively related, and their assessment orientation will be negatively related, to autonomy supportive (vs. controlling) instructional styles. Study 3 tested the hypothesis that students' regulatory mode will exhibit a fit effect with the prevalent learning climate in their school. SAMPLES Participants for Study 1 were 378 teachers (278 females); for Study 2 were 96 teachers (65 females); and for Study 3 were 190 students (all males). METHOD Participants completed questionnaires that included measures of teaching styles (Studies 1 and 2), perceived learning climate and satisfaction (Study 3), and regulatory mode orientations (Studies 1 and 3). In Study 2 regulatory mode orientations were experimentally induced. RESULTS Results confirmed that teachers' autonomy supportive versus controlling styles were positively related to their locomotion orientations and negatively related to their assessment orientation, and that students with a stronger locomotion (vs. assessment) orientation reported a higher level of satisfaction when the learning climate was perceived as autonomy supportive (vs. controlling). CONCLUSIONS The present studies show that teachers' preference for adopting an instructional style is influenced by their regulatory mode orientations, and that the effects of a learning climate on students' satisfaction are contingent on a fit between type of learning climate and students' regulatory mode orientations.
The Role of Field Experience in the Preparation of Reflective Teachers

A basic condition for teachers developing their personal theory about teaching and utilising their knowledge in practice and perceiving and managing the complexity of the teaching process, is their ability to analyse the teaching process and to reflect on it. The research data presented in this article comes from research carried out, during which the role of field experience in teachers training was examined, and in particular to what extent and under what conditions field experience contributes to developing the ability of teachers to analyse and evaluate the teaching process. To answer those questions, information was primarily obtained from reflection reports prepared by trainee teachers (N=68) after they had completed their field experience. One initial conclusion arising from the research is that trainee teachers find it difficult during their field experience to reflect on their teaching and when they do so, their reflection focuses on very specific topics, and is primarily technocratic in nature. The content, form, depth and general method of reflection among trainee teachers appears to be affected (a) by the personal profile of each trainee teacher and (b) by the way in which field experience is organised. A systematic description of the content and potential types of reflection provides us with a clear framework which can be utilised as a springboard by trainee teachers and full-time teachers to approach the task of teaching from a reflective perspective. The research data generated is significant for planning training courses for teachers and in particular for planning and organising work experience.
An in vitro Comparison of Two Replacement Techniques Utilizing Fascia Lata after Cranial Cruciate Ligament Transection in the Dog

Summary The immediate postoperative biomechanical properties of an “underand-over” cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) replacement technique consisting of fascia lata and the lateral onethird of the patellar ligament, were compared with that of a modified intra- and extracapsular “under-and-over-the-top” (UOTT) method. The right CCL in twelve adult dogs was dissected out and replaced with an autograft. The contralateral, intact CCL served as the control. In group A, the graft was secured to the lateral femoral condyle with a spiked washer and screw. In group B the intracapsular graft was secured to the lateral femoro-fabellar ligament, and the remainder to the patellar tendon. Both CCL replacement techniques exhibited a 2.0 ± 0.5 mm anterior drawer immediately after the operation. After skeletonization of the stifles, the length and cross-sectional area of the intact CCL and CCL substitutes were determined. Each bone-ligament unit was tested in linear tension to failure at a fixed distraction rate of 15 mm/s with the stifle in 120° flexion. Data was processed to obtain the corresponding material parameters (modulus, stress and strain in the linear loading region, and energy absorption to maximum load). The immediate postoperative structural and material properties of the “under-and-over” cranial cruciate ligament replacement technique with autogenous fascia lata, were compared to that of a modified intra- and extracapsular “under-and-over-the-top” (UOTT) method. The combined UOT T technique was slightly stronger (6%), but allowed 2.8 ± 0.9 mm more cranial tibial displacement at maximum linear force.
The Effect of Ankle Bracing and Taping on Joint Position Sense in the Stable Ankle

The purpose of this study was to determine the proprioceptive effects of ankle bracing and taping. Proprioception was assessed in 26 subjects by evaluating ankle joint position sense, which was determined by the subjects' ability to actively reproduce a passively positioned joint angle. Testing was performed at positions of 30° of plantar flexion and 15° of inversion. Each subject underwent four trials at each test angle under three conditions: braced, taped, and control. For the plantar flexion test, both the braced condition and the taped condition significantly enhanced joint position sense when compared to the control condition. There was no significant difference between the braced and taped conditions. For the inversion test, the taped condition significantly enhanced joint position sense compared to the control condition. There was no significant difference between the braced and the control conditions or between the braced and the taped conditions. This study demonstrates that ankle bracing and ta.
Photodegradation of decabromodiphenyl ether in house dust by natural sunlight

Photolytic degradation of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) has been observed in several matrices such as solvent/water mixtures, sediments, and soil; however, no studies have investigated the degradation potential of BDE 209 in house dust. In the present study, both a natural and a BDE 209–spiked dust material were exposed to sunlight for 200 cumulative h. Degradation of BDE 209 was observed in both matrices but was 35% greater in the spiked dust relative to the natural dust material. The pseudo‐first‐order degradation rates were 2.3 × 10−3 and 1.7 × 10−3 per hour for the spiked and natural dust, respectively. During the 200‐h exposure, as much as 38% of the original BDE 209 mass was degraded in the spiked dust, 25% of which could not be accounted for and was lost to unknown pathways and/or products. The remaining 13% was accounted for by the formation of lower brominated congeners. Debrominated products detected in the spiked dust included all three nonabrominated congeners (BDE 206, BDE 207, and BDE 208) and several octabrominated congeners (BDE 196, BDE 197, BDE 201, BDE 202, and BDE 203/200). In technical commercial octa‐BDE mixtures, BDE 201 is a very small component (below detection limit to 0.8%), and BDE 202 is not detected. Therefore, the presence of these congeners in house dust may provide a marker of environmental debromination of BDE 209. The ratio of BDE 197 to BDE 201 may also be indicative of BDE 209 degradation. as the ratio of these two congeners appeared to reach a steady‐state value (∼1) in both exposure scenarios in the present study.
Oxidative stress, defense response, and early biomarkers for lead‐contaminated soil in Vicia faba seedlings

Chemical analyses and biological measurements were investigated in leaves of Vicia faba seedlings exposed to extraneous lead (Pb) at 0 to 2,000 mg/kg of soil for a month. The results showed that superoxide radical (O•−2) production, increased along with total Pb in leaves and available Pb in soil, resulted in enhancement of malondialdehyde and carbonyl groups. Antioxidant enzymes, including corresponding isoenzymes and heat shock protein 70 (hsp 70), were also enhanced to some extent. Significant changes were detected in the patterns and intensities of guaiacol peroxidase isoenzymes, while superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes only changed intensities. Superoxide dismutase activities increased with the increase of extraneous Pb at 0 to 500 mg/kg of soil and tended to decline thereafter, which might be responsible for the decrease of hydrogen peroxide and accumulation of O•−2. Guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes were upregulated to become major scavengers of excess hydrogen peroxide on the condition of decreased catalase activities. Levels of hsp 70 were well correlated with Pb contents in leaves (r = 0.777), O•−2 accumulation (r = 0.985, p < 0.01), and carbonyl groups (r = 0.920, p < 0.01) under extraneous Pb at 0 to 250 mg/kg of soil, suggesting that hsp 70 induced by O•−2 was possibly involved in disposal of denatured proteins. The results showed that O•−2, hsp 70, and guaiacol peroxidase isoenzymes had the most sensitive responses in the seedlings and these parameters could be potential early biomarkers of soil Pb contamination.
A fugacity approach for assessing the bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic compounds from estuarine sediment

The bioavailability of four sediment‐spiked hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs; chrysene, benzo[a]pyrene, chlordane, and Aroclor 1254) was investigated by comparing bioaccumulation by the amphipod Corophium colo with uptake into a thin film of ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer. The EVA thin film is a solid‐phase extraction medium previously identified as effective at measuring the bioavailable contaminant fraction in sediment. The present study presents the results of 11 separate treatments in which chemical uptake into EVA closely matched uptake into lipid over 10 d. For all compounds, the concentration in EVA was a good approximation for the concentration in lipid, suggesting that this medium would be an appropriate biomimetic medium for assessing the bioaccumulation of HOCs during risk assessment of contaminated sediment. For chrysene and benzo[a]pyrene, limitations on bioaccumulation and toxicity because of low aqueous solubility were observed. The fugacity of the compounds in lipid (flip) and in the EVA thin film (fEVA) also was determined. The ratio of flip to fEVA was greater than one for all chemicals, indicating that all chemicals biomagnified over the duration of the exposure and demonstrating the potential for EVA thin‐film extraction to assess trophic transfer of HOCs.
Relationship between Smoking and Depression among Adult Men in A Rural Area in West of Turkey

of cigarettes smoked (rs=0.567; p<0.001). The frequency of depression doubtful cases was 73 (19.6%) in the study group. According to the FTQ scores of smokers; 63 (26.9%) men were high, and 47 (20.1%) men were very high degree of nicotine dependence. CONCLUSION: Depression frequency was higher in smokers than non-smokers. A positive association was found between pack-years and nicotine dependence level.