Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What is the meaning of a news link?

This paper investigates the meaning of news links in the context of a qualitative description of links on the home pages of six online news sites. Links are analyzed according to the following taxonomy: who is saying what, where, when, and to what purpose. This 5-Ws method for analyzing links yields four meanings: navigation, commercial, social, and citation. It is argued that the meaning of news links, while theoretically infinite, actually lies within the boundaries of these four meanings. Opportunities to use computational tools to analyze large datasets of news links are discussed in the context of a journalism tool (Jot), the author and colleagues are developing. Issues raised by this taxonomy of news links are several, but two in particular are highlighted for discussion: (1) the role of navigation links in determining the form of news; and (2) the fact that opportunities to share content via social links invariably are outsourced to social media companies such as Facebook and Twitter.
The Juggler of Notre Dame and the Medievalizing of Modernity

This ambitious and vivid study in six volumes explores the journey of a single, electrifying story, from its first incarnation in a medieval French poem through its prolific rebirth in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The Juggler of Notre Dame tells how an entertainer abandons the world to join a monastery, but is suspected of blasphemy after dancing his devotion before a statue of the Madonna in the crypt; he is saved when the statue, delighted by his skill, miraculously comes to life. Jan Ziolkowski tracks the poem from its medieval roots to its rediscovery in late nineteenth-century Paris, before its translation into English in Britain and the United States. The visual influence of the tale on Gothic revivalism and vice versa in America is carefully documented with lavish and inventive illustrations, and Ziolkowski concludes with an examination of the explosion of interest in The Juggler of Notre Dame in the twentieth century and its place in mass culture today. The Juggler of Notre Dame and the Medievalizing of Modernity is a rich case study for the reception of the Middle Ages in modernity. Spanning centuries and continents, the medieval period is understood through the lens of its (post)modern reception in Europe and America. Profound connections between the verbal and the visual are illustrated by a rich trove of images, including book illustrations, stained glass, postage stamps, architecture, and Christmas cards. Presented with great clarity and simplicity, Ziolkowski's work is accessible to the general reader, while its many new discoveries will be valuable to academics in such fields and disciplines as medieval studies, medievalism, philology, literary history, art history, folklore, performance studies, and reception studies.
Millimeter-wave VCOs with wide tuning range and low phase noise, fully integrated in a SiGe bipolar production technology

Millimeter-wave voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) are presented which are fully integrated in a SiGe bipolar production technology. The low-cost differential circuits have been designed and optimized for low phase noise and wide tuning range. As an example, by varying the bias voltage of the on-chip varactor, the oscillation frequency can be changed from 36 to 46.9 GHz (i.e., by 26%). In this wide frequency range, phase noise between -107 and -110dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset frequency and single-ended voltage swing of about 0.95V/sub pp/ /spl plusmn/10% (differential: 1.9V/sub pp/) were measured. The circuit consumes 280mW at -5.5-V supply voltage. The high oscillation frequency and low phase noise at wide tuning range are record values for fully integrated oscillators in Si-based technologies. The basic oscillator was then extended by a cascode stage as an output buffer. Now the VCO performance is no longer degraded if nonperfectly terminated transmission lines are driven. Thus, the chip can be mounted in a low-cost socket; however, at the cost of increased phase noise and power consumption.
Automatic pattern recognition for clinical medicine

The biomedical sciences characteristically deal with huge masses of data, much of which is in the form of pictures. In this paper illustrations are described of work already accomplished by the author in the pattern recognition of biomedical pictures. The FIDAC device, an on-line, real-time, high-speed, high-resolution flying-spot computer-input device, is utilized for putting the picture into the computer's memory. Then the computer analysis proceeds by means of two programming systems: the FIDACSYS system for basic picture handling and object recognition; and the BUGSYS language used to facilitate picture analysis and measurement. In the analysis of white blood cells, the computer has been used to distinguish monocytes by means of the shape of their nuclei, as characterized in terms of significant concavities and convexities. Automatic determination of mitotic index is facilitated by having the computer count the relative number of concavities on the boundary of each nucleus on a slide of mitotic cells. Quantitative measurement of bone mineral is accomplished by utilizing the FIDAC-computer system as a selective densitometer. Automatic chromosome analysis and karyotyping is performed by means of syntax-directed boundary analysis to identify the arm ends and centromere of each chromosome, from which measurements are made for typing and normality determination. And in neuron analysis, the computer has been used to identify the cell body and locate the junction, branching points, and termini of each dendrite.
Revised GOMS Operator for Drag and Drop

This article briefly discussed ways to overcome the limitations of existing GOMS (Goals, Operators, Methods, and Selection) models and primarily focused on the human processing of cognition and perception which was widely discussed yet a moot issue. Regarding mouse activities, especially drag-drop, the experiment demonstrates a significant difference between the predicted and empirical results in terms of time. The reason was found to be the following: in empirical testing, participants were swift in executing dragging behavior, whereas in NGOMSL modeling, not penetrated parameters of internal/external operators become sequential components that cause the metrics (e.g., movement time) to be computed serially. Based on other studies on mouse activity, the operator of the original NGOMSL is revised to include accurate cognitive process. In the validation, by implementing the revised GOMS operator, differences between the model execution time and the empirical duration, as measured when certain software is used, are evaluated. As a result, the revised GOMS model with new operators is proven to be effective and provides an estimate that deviates from the empirical value by at most 7%.
Using full system simulation to perform non-intrusive measuring of code coverage

Coverage measurement is a way of nding out how much of a program has been used in terms of things such as number of source code lines executed or number of branches taken. This is commonly used in the process of software testing, to determine how e ective a certain test is. Most automated tools for coverage measurements modify the source code of the program under inspection. This master's project examines how to do this on the instruction level instead, by using the full system simulator Simics. This method allows the measurements to be taken completely non-intrusively. The project evaluates di erent types of coverage and their applicability for measurement on the instruction level. A prototype tool is developed that implements some of these coverage metrics. As a practical example, the prototype is used to measure the e ectiveness of Simics' own test suite. Användandet av fullsystemsimulation för att utföra icke-intrusiv mätning av kodtäckning Att mäta kodtäckning är att ta reda på hur mycket av ett program som har använts i termer av olika saker så som antal källkodsrader körda eller antalet förgreningar utförda. Detta har man användning för när man testar programvara, för att ta reda på hur e ektivt ett visst test är. Den vanligaste metoden bland existerande verktyg som gör denna mätning är att modi era källkoden till det program som ska undersökas. Detta examensarbete undersöker hur detta kan göras på instruktionsnivå istället, genom att använda fullsystemsimulatorn Simics. En fördel med detta är att det blir möjligt att utföra mätningarna utan att påverka programmet på något sätt. Vidare så undersöks olika typer av kodtäckning och hur passande de är att använda för mätningar på instruktionsnivå. En prototyp till ett verktyg skapas, som implementerar ett par av dessa mättyper. Som ett praktiskt exempel så används verktyget till att mäta hur stor kodtäckning Simics egen testsvit har.
EXPERIMENTAL LUNG INJURY REDUCES KRÜPPEL‐LIKE FACTOR 2 TO INCREASE ENDOTHELIAL PERMEABILITY VIA REGULATION OF RAPGEF3‐RAC1 SIGNALING

Rationale: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is caused by widespread endothelial barrier disruption and uncontrolled cytokine storm. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have linked multiple genes to ARDS. Although mechanosensitive transcription factor Krüppel‐like factor 2 (KLF2) is a major regulator of endothelial function, its role in regulating pulmonary vascular integrity in lung injury and ARDS‐associated GWAS genes remains poorly understood. Objectives: To examine KLF2 expression in multiple animal models of acute lung injury and further elucidate the KLF2‐mediated pathways involved in endothelial barrier disruption and cytokine storm in experimental lung injury. Methods: Animal and in vitro models of acute lung injury were used to characterize KLF2 expression and its downstream effects responding to influenza A virus (A/WSN/33 [H1N1]), tumor necrosis factor‐&agr;, LPS, mechanical stretch/ventilation, or microvascular flow. KLF2 manipulation, permeability measurements, small GTPase activity, luciferase assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, and network analyses were used to determine the mechanistic roles of KLF2 in regulating endothelial monolayer integrity, ARDS‐associated GWAS genes, and lung pathophysiology. Measurements and Main Results: KLF2 is significantly reduced in several animal models of acute lung injury. Microvascular endothelial KLF2 is significantly induced by capillary flow but reduced by pathologic cyclic stretch and inflammatory stimuli. KLF2 is a novel activator of small GTPase Ras‐related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 by transcriptionally controlling Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3/exchange factor directly activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate, which maintains vascular integrity. KLF2 regulates multiple ARDS GWAS genes related to cytokine storm, oxidation, and coagulation in lung microvascular endothelium. KLF2 overexpression ameliorates LPS‐induced lung injury in mice. Conclusions: Disruption of endothelial KLF2 results in dysregulation of lung microvascular homeostasis and contributes to lung pathology in ARDS.
Voltage-Sourced Converters in Power Systems: Modeling, Control, and Applications

Presents Fundamentals of Modeling, Analysis, and Control of Electric Power Converters for Power System ApplicationsElectronic (static) power conversion has gained widespread acceptance in power systems applications; electronic power converters are increasingly employed for power conversion and conditioning, compensation, and active filtering. This book presents the fundamentals for analysis and control of a specific class of high-power electronic convertersвЂ”the three-phase voltage-sourced converter (VSC). Voltage-Sourced Converters in Power Systems provides a necessary and unprecedented link between the principles of operation and the applications of voltage-sourced converters. The book:Describes various functions that the VSC can perform in electric power systemsCovers a wide range of applications of the VSC in electric power systemsвЂ”including wind power conversion systemsAdopts a systematic approach to the modeling and control design problemsIllustrates the control design procedures and expected performance based on a comprehensive set of examples and digital computer time-domain simulation studiesThis comprehensive text presents effective techniques for mathematical modeling and control design, and helps readers understand the procedures and analysis steps. Detailed simulation case studies are included to highlight the salient points and verify the designs.VoltageSourced Converters in Power Systems is an ideal reference for senior undergraduate and graduate students in power engineering programs, practicing engineers who deal with grid integration and operation of distributed energy resource units, design engineers, and researchers in the area of electric power generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization.
Improving generalization ability of universal learning networks with superfluous parameters

The parameters in large scale neural networks can be divided into two classes. One class is necessary for a certain purpose while another class is not directly needed. The parameters in the latter are defined as superfluous parameters. How to use these superfluous parameters effectively is an interesting subject. It is studied how the generalization ability of dynamic systems can be improved by use of networks' superfluous parameters. A calculation technique is proposed which uses second order derivatives of the criterion function with respect to superfluous parameters. So as to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed method, simulations of modeling a nonlinear robot dynamics system is studied. Simulation results show that the proposed method is useful for improving the generalization ability of neural networks, which may model nonlinear dynamic systems.
Evolutionary algorithms for constructing linguistic rule-based systems for high-dimensional pattern classification problems

In this paper, we show how evolutionary algorithms can be utilized for constructing linguistic rule-based systems for high-dimensional pattern classification problems with many continuous attributes. Difficulty in handling a high-dimensional problem arises from the exponential increase of the number of linguistic rules with the dimensionality of the pattern space. For example, when we have six linguistic labels for describing each attribute in a 10-dimensional problem, the total number of linguistic rules is 6/sup 10//spl cong/6.7/spl times/10/sup 7/. For constructing a linguistic rule-based system, we have to find a compact rule set from such a large number of linguistic rules. In this paper, we examine two approaches of evolutionary algorithms. One is a GA-based rule selection method where a small number of linguistic rules are selected from a large number of candidate rules by genetic algorithms. A subset of candidate rules is handled as an individual in this approach. The other approach is a classifier system where each linguistic rule is handled as an individual. These two approaches are compared by computer simulations on a 13-dimensional pattern classification problem.
Research of Super-Resolution Image Reconstruction Methods

The super-resolution image reconstruction has become a hot topic in the areas of image processing and computer vision because of its extensive theoretical and practical values. This paper described the concept of super-resolution reconstruction, reviewed the development process of the technique, common algorithms classification, the current research findings and other related issues. The characteristics of different algorithms are also analyzed.
Field programmable gate array (FPGA) based baseline JPEG decoder

Image/video compression is one of the major components used in video-telephony, videoconferencing and multimedia-related applications. Compression allows efficient utilization of channel bandwidth and/or storage size. One of the commonly used methods for image and video compression is JPEG (an image compression standard). In our present work, a real time (the first made in Malaysia) JPEG hardware decoder has been successfully designed and implemented using 100,000 gate FPGA (FLEX10K100 from Altera). The fully functional JPEG decoder prototype is capable of decompressing compressed data to achieve a frame rate of 30 frames per second (for a frame size of 320/spl times/240 pixels). Currently the design supports gray scale images, but with some modification and addition of tables to handle the chrominance component, the JPEG decoder can easily handle color images. The major components that have been implemented include the 2-dimensional inverse discrete cosine transform, inverse scalar quantizer and the parallel Huffman decoder. Parallelism and pipelining were fully exploited in the design to achieve the high frame rate.
Solving the word mismatch problem through automatic text analysis

Solving The Word Mismatch Problem Through Automatic Text Analysis May 1997 Jinxi Xu, B.S., Hunan University M.S., Institute of Computing Technology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Ph.D., University of Massachusetts Amherst Directed by: Professor W. Bruce Croft Information Retrieval (IR) is concerned with locating documents that are relevant for a user's information need or query from a large collection of documents. A fundamental problem for information retrieval is word mismatch. A query is usually a short and incomplete description of the underlying information need. The users of IR systems and the authors of the documents often use di erent words to refer to the same concepts. This thesis addresses the word mismatch problem through automatic text analysis. We investigate two text analysis techniques, corpus analysis and local context analysis, and apply them in two domains of word mismatch, stemming and general query expansion. Experimental results show that these techniques can result in more e ective retrieval. vi Table of
Multi-metric prediction of software build outcomes

ness (A) Derived from overall project or for each project package Afferent Coupling (Ca) Where NoICR is the Number of Internal Class References and NoECR is the Number of External Class References. Derived from overall project or for each project package or at class (type) level. An internal class reference is where a class references another class within its own package. An external class reference is where a class references another class outside of its own package. Efferent Coupling (Ce) Total number of times a class makes references outside its own package Derived from overall project or for each project package or at class (type) level. Instability (I) Where Ce is Efferent coupling and Ca is Afferent Coupling. Derived from overall project or for each project package or at class (type) level. Normalized Distance Derived from overall project or for each project package or at class (type) level. This metric provides us data about if packages are balanced and has a good mix between abstraction and instability. Complexity metrics (Table 38) indicate the complexity of the software and can be used towards design effort and software maintenance estimation. Developed by McCabe in 1976, cyclomatic complexity measures the number of possible independent pathways through source code. In order to do this a control flow graph of the program is generated, where nodes within the graph represent a source code command, or sequence of commands and an edge that connects nodes represents the possible order of execution. For example if the source code consists of an "IF" statement of a single condition there are two possible pathways the code could be executed. One pathway is taken if the resulting value of the "IF" statement is TRUE and the other pathway if the 230 value is FALSE. Whereas if the code consists of no loops or "IF" statements, there is only one possible pathway the code could be executed, therefore there would only be one pathway for execution. Table 38 Complexity Metrics Average Block Depth Where NoM is the number of methods, NoConstr is the number of constructors and NoNC is the number of nested code Derived from overall project or for each project package, class or method. Try/catch are included in the nested count. Value is 1 if the code is not nested. High average block depth values are considered detrimental. Average Cyclomatic Complexity Where CC is the Cyclomatic Complexity. Cyclomatic complexity is calculated by the number of pathways that can be taken within the code. Where NoE is the number of edges and NoN is the number of nodes. NoConstr is the number of constructors Derived from overall project or for each project package, class or method. Cyclomatic complexity per method is the total number of pathways that the code within that method can take. Cohesion metrics provide insights into the responsibilities and design of software modules. High cohesion values indicate the reusability and readability of source code.
Intrinsic Object Centred Reference : Employing object structure to define space for memory and language

The thesis discusses the use of Intrinsic Object Centred Frames of Reference in defining and categorising the location, direction, and/or region of one object (the Figure) in the space surrounding another object (the Referent). It is considered how it is possible to define an intrinsic location (e.g., for use in memory) and to describe the location by means of a Directional Preposition (i.e., above, below, in front of, behind, to the left of, and to the right of) within such Frames of Reference. To this end, the research integrates and builds upon investigations on intrinsic descriptions of objects, object recognition, spatial language, spatial memory, and the connection between spatial language and spatial memory. The thesis specifies how a Referent is assigned an intrinsic description in terms of top-bottom, front-back and left-right distinctions and how such a description can be used to define as well as describe the location of a Figure. To this end, it is discussed how the spatial structure of an object may hinder or facilitate its use as a Referent. Likewise, the information associated with the object category that influences the definition and labelling of dimensions and directions is considered. The processing required to produce a Directional Preposition (used in an Intrinsic Object Centred Frame of Reference) from viewing an object constellation is sketched. Findings from spatial memory research are reviewed with a special focus on effects of categories on reports from memory. An experiment is presented that addresses several aspects of the developed theory by employing a spatial memory task for locations relative to a Referent whereby locations are exclusively defined in an Intrinsic Object Centred Frame of Reference. Both reaction time and the bias and accuracy of reports from memory are obtained simultaneously. This experimental procedure leads to several original findings. Reaction