Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimum Downlink Beamwidth Estimation in mmWave Communications

With increasing density of data-hungry devices per unit area, allocating single highly-directed beam per user in millimeter-wave communications is not practical. Therefore, the requirement is to serve multiple users over a single beam. Considering a single-cell scenario with a fixed number of users, this paper addresses the problem of selection of optimal beamwidth depending on user density and distribution. First, by considering fixed beam service time in each sector, optimal beamwidth is estimated using exhaustive search for average long-run user rate and base station energy efficiency maximization. Based on the results of the average long-run user rate maximization using an exhaustive search, another method of reduced complexity is proposed to find sub-optimal beamwidth. Subsequently, optimum beamwidth is estimated with user density dependent variable time scheduling in a sector, that offers improved performances over fixed time scheduling. An efficient algorithm on variable time scheduling is also provided. Finally, the effect of localization error on optimal beamwidth estimation is investigated. The numerical results show that using the narrowest beam does not necessarily result in achieving a better average long-run user rate. Further, localization error does not affect the selection of optimal beamwidth, however, user Quality-of-Service degrades.
Bayes risk, elicitability, and the Expected Shortfall

Motivated by recent advances on elicitability of risk measures and practical considerations of risk optimization, we introduce the notions of Bayes pairs and Bayes risk measures. Bayes risk measures are the counterpart of elicitable risk measures, extensively studied in the recent literature. The Expected Shortfall (ES) is the most important coherent risk measure in both industry practice and academic research in finance, insurance, risk management, and engineering. One of our central results is that under a continuity condition, ES is the only class of coherent Bayes risk measures. We further show that entropic risk measures are the only risk measures which are both elicitable and Bayes. Several other theoretical properties and open questions on Bayes risk measures are discussed.
Eriochrome Black T dye adsorption onto natural and modified orange peel

Adsorption of Eriochrome Black T dye from aqueous solution onto the orange – peel and chemically modified orange peel by either sodium hydroxide or cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide has been studied using a batch technique. The adsorption studies were determined as a function of pH, contact time, initial dye concentration, biosorbent dosage and temperature. Experimental data obtained were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models and in each case, the Freundlich model appears to have better regression coefficients. Thermodynamic parameters ∆G, ∆H and ∆S were calculated indicating that the absorption of Eriochrome Black T dye is a spontaneous and endothermic process. The kinetic study showed that that the biosorption of the dye followed pseudo-secondorder. The results of this study showed that orange peel and modified orange peel can be efficiently used as a low-cost alternative for the removal of Eriochrome Black T Dye from aqueous solutions.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Performance: The Moderating Effect of Ownership Concentration

The relationship between CSR and firm performance: ownership concentration as a moderator has been the crucial topic of literature and the subject of a rich empirical literature. However, the current literature is characterized by a lack of consistency and consensus regarding the nature and direction of this relationship. This article aims to contribute to literature by reviewing the diverse literature on this subject related to developing market economies. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the impact of ownership concentration moderates the link between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firm performance (FP). This study uses a set of unique, hand-collected CSR disclosure data to measure CSR, based on a sample of Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) 100 index non-financial listed companies during the period from 2006 to 2015.For this purpose the data is taken from annual reports and sustainability reports of non-financial firms. Regression and Correlation has been used to establish the relationship between CSR and firm performance with ownership concentration as moderator. The results reveal that there is highly significant and positive relationship between CSR and firm performance. The result also conclude that the CSR disclosure and FP has a positive and significant relationship but the impact has been weakened as a consequence of inclusion ownership concentration as a moderator.
THE EFFECT OF FRUIT COLOUR AND RANGE SIZE ON PALM DIVERSIFICATION

2 Sammanfattning . 2 Introduction . 2 Background . 2 Hypothesis . 4 Previous research . 5 Arecaceae as a study system . 5 Aim . 6 Materials and Methods . 6 Data . 6 Fruit Colour Model Selection . 6 Range Size Calculations . 7 Range Size Model Selection . 7 Chi-squared test . 8 Results . 8 Fruit colour categories model selection. 8 Range Size Model Selection . 10 Chi-squared test . 10 Discussion . 11 Fruit colour MuSSE results . 11 Range size MuSSE results . 12 Comparing fruit colour and range size MuSSE results. 12 Effects of hidden traits. 13 Chi-squared test . 13 Caveats of this study . 14 Conclusion. 14 Acknowledgements. 14 Data . 14 References . 15 Appendix A . 19 Appendix B . 20 Front page image source: https://www.activewild. com/tropical-rainforest-plants-list/
DOMESTIC DEBT AND THE PERFORMANCE OF NIGERIAN ECONOMY (1987- 2014): AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION

The study examined the empirical relationship between domestic debt and the performance of Nigerian economy using data spanning (1987-2014). Secondary data were used and collected from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and National Bureau of Statistics. Hypotheses were formulated and tested using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model. The study indicates that interest rate has inverse significant relationship with Gross Domestic Product in Nigeria. There is a positive significant relationship between domestic debt and Gross Domestic Product in Nigeria. The coefficient of determination indicates that about 68% of the variations in gross domestic product can be explained by changes in domestic debt variables (DMD, INT, INFR) in Nigeria. This implies that a good portion of gross domestic product trends in Nigeria is explained by domestic debt variables. Government should maintain a debt bank deposit ratio below 35 percent and resort to increase use of tax revenue to finance its projects as it is our believe that tax revenue is far from the optimum. Government should divest itself of all projects which the private sector can handle including refining crude oil (petroleum product) and transportation but should provide enabling environment for private sector investors such as tax holidays, subsidies, guarantees and most importantly improved infrastructure.
Precomputing Player Movement in Platformers for Level Generation with Reachability Constraints

Procedural content generation via Machine Learning (PCGML) creates game levels from examples. PCGML for platformers with physics-based player movement generally has not guaranteed the reachability of goals, relying on post-generation filtering approaches or game-specific heuristic rules. In contrast, constraint-based PCGML can provide gameplay guarantees, but has typically been applied to games with simple grid-based movement. In this work, we present a constraint-based PCGML approach for platformers with physics-based player movement that guarantees playability and provides design controllability. Our approach exhaustively precomputes all possible player movement states in example tile-based platformer levels. It extracts metatiles containing local state information and uses them in constraint-based level generation that ensures legal tile neighbors and consistent movement state transitions. The approach can ensure constraints on gameplay, such as the reachability of goals, guaranteeing level playability, and other elements like platforms and bonuses. It can also incorporate other designer-controllable constraints.
MODELING STRATEGIES FOR THE DYNAMICS OF REED TYPE VALVES

Reed type valves are commonly adopted in small compressors due to their simplicity and low cost. As the compressor efficiency and reliability are greatly influenced by such valves, the correct prediction of their dynamics is essential for the compressor design. In this paper, a comparative analysis of two modeling approaches for valve dynamics is carried out. The simpler model considers the reed as a rigid body placed parallel to the valve seat and its displacement is restricted to a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) motion. In the second approach the reed is considered as an elastic body modeled by a multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) system and solved using a commercial solver based on the finite elements method. The turbulent and compressible flow through the valves is solved with the Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model. Predictions of both models are in good agreement with experimental data, concerning phase and amplitude of the valve motion. The MDOF model exhibits a better accordance especially regarding the pressure pulsation in the suction chamber and p-V diagram, although being twice more computational expensive than the SDOF model.
Effects of inter-limb vertical jump asymmetries on physical performance in elite soccer players under 19 years old

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inter-limb vertical jump asymmetries in physical performance, given the large diversity of results found on this research topic. 19 elite Under-19 soccer players from a Spanish professional club performed a test battery including bilateral and unilateral countermovement jumps, bilateral and unilateral drop jumps, horizontal jumps, sprints from 10 to 30 meters, leftand right-leg change of direction sprints and the Nordic hamstring exercise. All measures were taken with an iPad device, using “My Jump 2 App”, “My Sprint app”, “Nordics App” and “COD timer App”, previously validated, on the pitch where the team usually trains. The percentage of Inter-limb jump asymmetries was 8.05±6.77 for unilateral countermovement jumps and 9.70±5.41 for unilateral drop jumps. Pearson’s r correlations established a relationship between larger unilateral countermovement jumps asymmetries and a decrement in horizontal jumps (r= -0.489; P<0.05) and between the higher unilateral drop jumps asymmetries and a lesser nordic break point angle (r= -0.579; P<0.01). However, velocity in 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 meters, leftand right-leg change of direction, countermovement jumps and drop jumps were not affected in a statistically significant manner. These results support previous researches which have suggested that asymmetries lower than 10 % do not affect physical performance. Results could be influenced by the high level of the sample, with a high level of expertise in their sport. In conclusion, the inter-limb jump asymmetries level found in this sample of soccer players obtained a low decrease in physical performance.
Investigating the role of TQM Focused SCM Practices on Knowledge Management and Competitive Advantage: Textile sector of Pakistan

The increased competition at market place leads companies to strive and develop new mechanism to attain competitive position in the market. It is observed that the major focus of the knowledge management is only on the hard side like to manage financial transaction, cost etc., while the present study focuses on soft side of the knowledge management for which only scant knowledge is available. Textile industry is considered to be the back bone of the economy of Pakistan, therefore it is considered for testing the conceptual model. On the basis of existing literature and theories available on the constructs indicated in proposed models, 4 hypotheses have been formulated. Quantitative research has been carried out for testing of these hypotheses. The textile is the largest sector and therefore cannot be covered entirely due to the consideration of time restriction, geographical limitation (in terms of transportation cost) to access it. Therefore, the main concern of this research study is to evaluate Knowledge Management by integration phenomenon in the textile sector of Pakistan, which are listed in APTMA. Thus, the researcher is permitted to conduct study only in the particular textile firms located in Pakistan. Sample size of the present study is 350 middle and top level employees from different cities of Punjab. SEM multivariate analysis techniques is employed for exploring the linkage between indicators and latent variables. Hypothesized linkage is explored via AMOS software, which is divided into two phases, CFA model and structural model analysis used for assessing the absolute model fitness. The findings illustrated that KM phenomenon and 567 Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 37, No. 2 competitive advantage is positively and significantly linked with TQM focused SCM practices. Besides this, certain limitations and contribution of the study, managerial implications and future directions are also provided in order to get deep insights into the unexplored areas which are not covered in this study.
Isolation and characterization of EST-SSR markers for Astilboides tabularis (Saxifragaceae), endangered species in Korea

Genetic assessments of rare and endangered species are among the first steps necessary to establish the proper management of natural populations. Transcriptome-derived single-sequence repeat markers were developed for the Korean endangered species Astilboides tabularis (Saxifragaceae) to assess its genetic diversity. A total of 96 candidate microsatellite loci were isolated based on transcriptome data using Illumina pair end sequencing. Of these, 26 were polymorphic, with one to five alleles per locus in 60 individuals from three populations of A. tabularis. The observed and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.000 to 0.950 and from 0.000 to 0.741, respectively. These polymorphic transcriptome-derived simple sequence repeat markers would be invaluable for future studies of population genetics and for ecological conservation of the endangered species A. tabularis.
Pathfinding Agents for Platformer Level Repair

A key concern for procedural level generation is ensuring that generated levels are in fact playable. One approach for determining playability is using pathﬁnding agents to test if generated levels can be completed. This typically involves following an iterative loop of generating candidate levels until the agent is able to successfully complete a playthrough, discarding the failed level and starting the generation process over each time the agent fails. In this paper, we present a new approach for generating playable levels that leverages pathﬁnd-ing agents, not to simply test levels for playability, but to perform level repair to ﬁx generated levels that are unplayable. By augmenting a simple pathﬁnding agent to be able to take moves that would require modifying the level, our approach can ﬁx unplayable levels without having to regenerate a new level from scratch. We compared our repair agent to a default agent on three PCGML level generators each for Super Mario Bros. and Kid Icarus , and found the repair agent was able to ﬁx the majority of levels, taking time that ranged from similar to the default agent to around 4x its time.
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder: Evidence from a common mnemonic advantage between aesthetics judgement and self-reference

A long-lasting and unresolved debate in the field of aesthetics is whether beauty is inherent to the object of appreciation or to the subject contemplating it. Several studies suggest that physical features (e.g., symmetry, contrast) of an artwork influence aesthetic rating. Nevertheless, this objectivist approach fails to explain the idiosyncratic nature of aesthetic experiences (AE). Recent models propose a multi-process account of AE, integrating a subjective evaluation based on self-referential processing. This proposition seems coherent with neuroimaging studies showing activation of a common neural network during AE and self-reference. Nevertheless, behavioural data supporting this hypothesis is missing. We took advantage of the self-reference effect (SRE) in memory – the mnemonic advantage for material encoded in a self-related mode - to test the hypothesis that aesthetic judgement is based on self-related processes. We predicted that if aesthetic judgement recruits self-referential processing, incidentally encoding artworks in this condition should produce a similar mnemonic advantage as the SRE. To test this hypothesis, 30 participants incidentally encoded 60 painting in three conditions: self-reference, judgement of beauty and judgement of symmetry (control condition). We found that items encoded in the aesthetic judgment condition were as well recognized as those encoded in self-reference condition when participants gave extreme judgements on the beauty scale during encoding. These findings suggest that at least intense AEs activate an individual’s sense of self.
Preparing for a Fast-forward Future in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta

California’s Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta has undergone a profound transformation since the Gold Rush of the nineteenth century (Whipple et al. 2012). Now, as the effects of climate change gain force, the environment is changing more rapidly and extreme events—droughts, heat waves, forest fires, and floods—are becoming more extreme. Ecosystems are being driven to or beyond thresholds of irreversible change. As these climate-driven changes compound with on-going changes in land use and other drivers, uncertainty increases. Ecological systems may not exhibit the same dynamics, follow the same trajectories, or respond to management in the same ways as they have in the past.
Impact of Indolent Schistosomiasis on Morbidity and Mortality from Respiratory Tract Infections in Preschool Age Children from a Schistosomiasis Endemic Area.

Introduction: Pneumonia is the biggest child killer, after the neonatal period. This is especially so in children from developing countries who are exposed to other infections simultaneously. In this article we investigated the impact of indolent Schistosoma haematobium infection on background of a respiratory infection Method: A cross sectional study with 237 preschool age children with a respiratory infection, was performed during winter months in a schistosomiasis endemic area. Participants were clinically examined and investigated appropriately. Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and pneumonia were defined and classified as per IMCI and WHO guidelines, respectively. S. haematobium infection diagnosis was by urine filtration on urine collected over three consecutive days. Data was analysed using SPSS. Results: S haematobium infection prevalence was 29% (69). Prevalence of repiratory infections were as follows: common cold 79% (188), pneumonia 15% (36) and severe pneumonia 6% (15). Eighty-one percent of participants with the common cold were S. haematobium negative, whilst 80 % of those with severe pneumonia were infected. Schistosomiasis infected children were at greater odds of developing; pneumonia (aOR=3.61 (95% CI 1.73-7.55) and severe pneumonia (aOR=21.13 (95% CI 4.65-95.89). High intensity S. haematobium infection was associated with an increased risk of severe pneumonia RR= 23.78(95% CI 6.86-82.32). Mortality from coinfection emanated from severe pneumonia and severe S. haematobium infection intensity (RR= 26.56 (95% CI 1.49 to 473.89). Number needed to harm (NNH) for S. haematobium infected children who develop respiratory tract infection was 4:1 for pneumonia and 5:1 for severe pneumonia. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that coinfection with Schistosomiasis increases morbidity and mortality from respiratory tract infections by up to 20 times in children less than five years old. There is need to cover schistosomiasis screening and treatment in children under 5 years old to avert mortality and morbidity due to coinfection with respiratory infections.
Valuing On-the-Ball Actions in Soccer: A Critical Comparison of xT and VAEP

Objectively quantifying a soccer player’s contributions within a match is a challenging and crucial task in soccer analytics. Many of the currently available metrics focus on measuring the quality of shots and assists only, although these represent less than 1% of all on-the-ball actions. Most recently, several approaches were proposed to bridge this gap. By valuing how actions increase or decrease the likelihood of yielding a goal, these models are effective tools for quantifying the performances of players for all sorts of actions. However, we lack an understanding of their differences, both conceptually and in practice. Therefore, this paper critically compares two such models: expected threat (xT) and valuing actions by estimating probabilities (VAEP). Both approaches exhibit variety in their design choices, that leads to different top player rankings and major differences in how they value speciﬁc actions.
Aluminum elicitation improves antioxidant potential and taxol production in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cell suspension culture

Taxol was originaly found in yew (Taxus sp.) but it also ocurrs in other species like hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). We investigated production of taxol in suspension cultures of hazelnut following elicitation by aluminium chloride supplemented at 0, 25, 50 and 100 μM concentration. Aluminium elicitation has a significant effect decreasing cell growth and protein content but increasing production of taxol, total phenolics, anthocyanin and flavonoids. It also increases antioxidant potential and other antioxidant system components such as proline and enzymes like catalases and peroxidases. Additionally, aluminium increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content of cells. Apart from taxol production aluminium improved its release into the medium and total yield in comparison to controls. In general, for the increased taxol synthesis application of 50 and 100 μM of aluminium elicitor in cell culture provided acceptable results.
The effects of customer orientation on service/product innovativeness and performance: a comparative study

We empirically investigated the impact of customer o ientation on service/product innovativeness and performance through the mediatin g effects of firm resources, based on data from service firms and manufacturers. Both the tota l effect and mediation effects were compared between two datasets. Findings contribute to unders tanding of service innovation versus manufacturing innovation.
Generating Syntactically Variant Text Adversaries

Crafting adversaries for NLP models is important for exposing their vulnerabilities and evaluating their robustness. Existing approaches generate text adversaries by changing individual characters or words, or rely on back-translation models, both of which generate ad-versaries that consist only of short-distance, lexical edits. In this work, we propose text ad-versaries with substantially different syntactic structure and large edit distance from the original input while retaining its semantics. We introduce different approaches to generate such adversaries: deterministic transformations of the syntactic parses, dataset augmentation for training paraphrase generation models to produce syntactically variant examples, and models that use sentence alignment as auxiliary supervision to encourage long-distance edits. Experiments demonstrate that we can produce useful text adversaries for text classiﬁcation and question answering, evaluating robustness against changes that are syntactically different.