Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cloning and sequencing of phenol oxidase 1 ( pox 1 ) gene from Pleurotus ostreatus

The gene (pox1) encoding a phenol oxidase 1 from Pleurotus ostreatus was sequenced and the corresponding pox1-cDNA was also synthesized, cloned and sequenced. The isolated gene is flanked by an upstream region called the promoter (399 bp) prior to the start codon (ATG). The putative metalresponsive elements (MREs) were determined in the promoter region, where MRE 1, 2 and 3 were located in positions -20, -62 and -389, respectively. Functional TATA consensus sequences were recognized in positions -78 and -245, while CAAT consensus sequence was recognized in position -171. The putative GC boxes consensus sequences were recognized in positions -175 and -344, and xenobiotic-responsive elements (XREs) in positions -100 and -270. The pox1-DNA gene consists of 2656 bp, with the coding sequence being interrupted by 19 introns. The nucleotide sequence of cDNA (pox1cDNA) was found to contain an ORF of 1590 bp capable of coding for a protein of 529 amino acid residues. The signal peptide was predicted to be 23 amino acids in length using SIGNALP 3.0 program. Northern blot analysis revealed that strong transcriptional induction was observed in the coppersupplemented cultures for pox1 gene.
Effects of poaching on Topshell Tectus niloticus population of Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park, Palawan, Philippines

Poaching a significant volume of the reef gastropod topshell Tectus niloticus in Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park (TRNP) in 2006 to 2007 has prompted the management to seek detailed information on the impact of such illegal activities. To determine the present status and trends of topshell population in TRNP and to gather background information about poaching and trade, a follow up assessment in 2008 was conducted. Data on trading and poaching were derived from interviews and other secondary data. Abundance of topshells varied according to three surveyed depths; the highest was in the middle sites (~1.5m), followed by intertidal (1m); and the lowest abundance occurred at 5m deep sites. The abundance in 2008 was 75% lesser than in 2006. Since 2004, there were 33 cases of poaching apprehensions in the park, of which, 15 were topshell related, involving 26 boats and 190 fishermen. The promising economic benefit and the demand in black markets, plus the assurance to collect much volume, appeared to be the driving forces for topshell collection in TRNP. To prevent further decline on topshell populations, there is a need to sustain law enforcement and patrolling in the park.
Genetic differences between Tropilaelaps clareae and Tropilaelaps koenigerum in Thailand based on ITS and RAPD analyses

Tropilaelaps koenigerum was first reported in Thailand. Species-diagnostic markers of bee mites, T. clareae and T. koenigerum were examined by sequencing of ITS and RAPD analysis. A lack of intraspecific polymorphism within T. clareae and T. koenigerum ITS was observed. At an interspecific level, 19 substitutions were found. Sequence divergence between ITS of these bee mites was 3.82%. A 5 bp (TTCTC) insertion was found in T. koenigerum. Based on ITS sequences, identification of these mites was simplified to restriction analysis of the amplified ITS with Mse I and/or Sau3A I. RAPD analysis using primers OPA07, OPA11 and OPA12 revealed 16 and 20 species-specific markers of T. clareae and T. koenigerum, respectively. A UPGMA phenogram based on genetic distance between pairs of geographic samples indicated clear differentiation between T. clareae and T. koenigerum genetically. Partial differentiation of T. clareae from different host species was observed. Tropilaelaps / bee parasite / RAPD / ITS / species-diagnostic marker / genetic diversity
Fishing with bait for bacterial predators in Zebra droppings - isolation and characterization of a bacteriolytic Myxococcus strain

The isolation of bacteriolytic prokaryotes from herbivore droppings collected in South Africa (Pietermaritzburg) was undertaken by using inactivated or active microbial cells as the bait embedded in water agar. Using Zebra droppings as the source for predatory bacteria feeding on the microbial bait, a Gram negative isolate was obtained. Based on its morphological and physiological features together with its 16S rRNA gene sequence, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Myxococcus. Light and electron microscopy revealed the typical myxobacterial life cycle involving the formation of fruiting bodies. Plate assays demonstrated that this isolate was able to lyse a range of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, including pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These bacteria were utilized by the predatory isolate as sole source of carbon and energy. This shows that the simple baiting technique is a useful approach to isolate bacteriolytic microorganisms from previously untapped environmental samples which in turn could help in the isolation of new antimicrobial compounds.
Alternative mechanisms for solvation dynamics of laser-induced electrons in methanol

A multiphoton ionization study of neat methanol with subpicosecond 2-eV laser pulses has been previously reported. A hybrid electron solvation mechanism combining both a stepwise transition between two electronsolvent configuration states and a continuous first-order blue shift of the electron absorption spectra was found to closely fit the experimental data. If substantial absorption from free electrons is assumed in this spectral region, we find that another model comprising thermalization prior to a stepwise branching localization without blue-shifting spectra fits equally well at all wavelengths. However, these two models display considerable differences between their respective kinetic parameters, especially the electron localization time. Furthermore, for the nonshifting model, this calculated localization time is considerably longer than that for electron hydration in neat water. We suggest independent studies such as ultrafast electron scavenging experiments before adopting a particular mechanism for electron solvation in methanol.
Potential of industrial waste water use for jatropha cultivation in arid land.

A pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt to investigate the effect of NKP foliar fertilizer and irrigation by Industrial Drainage Water (IDW) on Lipid Peroxidation (LP) and antioxidant enzyme activities [Catalase (CAT), Suproxide Desmatase (SOD) and Ascorbate Peroxidas (APX)] of jatropha plants. Plants fertilized with NPK fertilizers (N0g+P0g+K0g, N3g+P3g+K3g and N6g+P6g+k6g/pot) and irrigated by mixed varied levels of industrial drainage water (0, 25, 50 and 75% IDW). Data showed that concentration of LP increased as percentage of IDW increased up to 75% and tended to decrease with water contains zero IDW. A positive relationship was observed between the CAT, SOD and APX enzyme activities and the level of IDW in irrigation water. The maximum values of the three enzymes activities were obtained with application of NPK: 2:2:2 followed by application of NPK: 1:1:1 as compared with to the control. The highest lipid peroxidation were detected in leaves of non fertilized plants and irrigated by IDW, whereas the lowest values were detected in leaves of plants fertilized by NPK: 2:2:2 by fresh water.
PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC DIVERSITIES ARE NOT CORRELATED IN STRAINS OF THE CYANOBACTERIUM MICROCYSTIS AERUGINOSA ISOLATED IN SW SPAIN

Phenotypic and genetic diversities are not correlated in strains of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa isolated in SW Spain. The cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa (Kutzing) Kutzing is notorious for forming extensive and toxic blooms but the genetic structure of natural populations, and in particular during blooms, remains to be explored. In order to add more knowledge about the genetic structure of M. aeruginosa, we compared phenotypic and genetic variabilities in seventeen strains of M. aeruginosa isolated from three adjacent water bodies in SW Spain (the consecutive reservoirs La Minilla and El Gergal, and small pools in Donana National Park). For this purpose, a phenetic tree, based on six phenotypic traits (including morphology of cells, photosynthetic and respiratory performance, and toxin production) was compared with a phylogenetic tree built by using the 16S-23S rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer sequence. Whereas the strains isolated from La Minilla showed a relatively homogeneous phenotype, the phenotypic traits of the remaining strains did not discriminate between the other two water bodies. On the other hand, only a strain isolated in Donana National Park showed a slightly different ITS sequence, but the sequences from the remaining strains were similar. Possible explanations for this discrepancy between phenotypic and genetic diversities are discussed.
RUMEN DEGRADATION CHARACTERISTICS OF GLUCOSE-TREATED CANOLA MEAL AND CANOLA SEED

Summary. The study was conducted to determine the effects of glucose treatment of canola meal (CM) and canola seed (CS) on rumen degradability characteristics of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) in four ruminally cannulated mature (2 years old) Merino rams. Canola meal and canola seed were treated first with water then heat, treated first with water then heat plus 2% glucose and treated first with water then heat plus 3% glucose. Crude protein degradability value of CM was reduced (p<0.001) by 3% glucose treatment at all rumen incubation times. Effective DM and OM degradabilities of CM were decreased (p<0.001) by 2 and 3% glucose treatments. Effective crude protein degradability of CM treated with 3% glucose was lower (p<0.001) than untreated CM, CM treated with water+heat and 2% glucose. While effective DM (p<0.05) and OM (p<0.001) degradabilities were reduced only in CS treated with 3% glucose, this effect was not determined for effective CP degradability of CS in any treatment. In conclusion, there was an effect in reducing of effective CP degradability of CM treated with 3% glucose although glucose treatment was ineffective on reducing of effective CP degradability value of CS.
Visualizing the Liveliness of Discussions and Reply Relationships on Online Discussion Boards

This paper proposes a technique to interac- tively visualize the liveliness of discussions and the reply relationships of messages on online discussion boards, and describes prototype software that visualizes the liveliness of any topic thread on 2channel (Ni Channeru) (1), Japan's largest online discussion site. This visualization is based on a line graph of the number of postings versus time. To show reply relationships on the same chart, this visualization utilizes the technique of Thread Arcs (14), which show reply relationships as semicircular arcs that connect message plots. Furthermore, for users to know the length of each message, the visualization can plot a message as a pair of small bar graphs on the same line graph.
Diversity did not influence soil water use of tree clusters in a temperate mixed forest

Abstract. Compared to monocultures, diverse ecosystems are often expected to show more comprehensive resource use. However, with respect to diversity–soil-water-use relationships in forests, very little information is available. We analysed soil water uptake in 100 tree clusters differing in tree species diversity and species composition in the Hainich forest in central Germany. The clusters contained all possible combinations of five broadleaved tree species in one-, two- and three-species clusters (three diversity levels), replicated fourfold (20 one-species, 40 two-species and 40 three-species clusters). We estimated soil water uptake during a summer dry period in 0–0.3 m soil depth, based on throughfall and soil moisture measurements with a simple budgeting approach. Throughout the whole vegetation period in 2009, soil water uptake was additionally determined at a higher temporal resolution and also for a greater part of the soil profile (0–0.7 m) on a subset of 16 intensive clusters. During the dry spell, mean soil water uptake was 1.9 p 0.1 mm day−1 in 0–0.3 m (100 clusters) and 3.0 p 0.5 mm day−1 in 0–0.7 m soil depth (16 clusters), respectively. Besides a slightly higher water use of Fraxinus clusters, we could not detect any effects of species identity or diversity on cluster water use. We discuss that water use may indeed be a conservative process, that differences in tree-species-specific traits may be compensated for by other factors such as herb layer coverage and tree spatial arrangement, and that diversity-driven differences in water use may arise only at a larger scale. We further conclude that with respect to stand water use "tree diversity'' alone is not an appropriate simplification of the complex network of interactions between species traits, stand properties and environmental conditions that have varying influence on stand water use, both in space and time.
Estuarine and oceanic microflagellate predation of actively growing bacteria: estimation by frequency of dividing-divided bacteria

Rates of predation and clearance of heterotrophic microflagellates, isolated from estuarine and oceanic environments, were estimated using actively growing bacterial prey. In separate experiments, a significant relation (by linear regression) was found between bacterial growth rate and frequency of dividing-divided cells (FDDC) for a species of Vibrio. This relation allowed the estimation of flagellate predation rates on these bacteria by comparing net bacterial growth with expected growth, predicted by FDDC, relative to the enumerated flagellate populations. Cell measurements and counts also allowed the estimation of flagellate clearance rates. Results suggest that flagellates can effectively prey upon bacteria at environmental concentrations ranging from 105 to 107 bacteria ml-' at average rates ranging from 30 to over 200 bacteria flagellate-' h-'. Environmental concentrations of flagellates further suggest that they play a dominant role as bacterial grazers in marine plankton.
Assessment of the possibility of using data mining methods to predict sorption isotherms of selected organic compounds on activated carbon

The paper analyses the use of four data mining methods (Support Vector Machines. Cascade Neural Networks. Random Forests and Boosted Trees) to predict sorption on activated carbons. The input data for statistical models included the activated carbon parameters, organic substances and equilibrium concentrations in the solution. The assessment of the predictive abilities of the developed models was made with the use of mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and root mean squared error (RMSE). The computations proved that methods of data mining considered in the study can be applied to predict sorption of selected organic compounds 011 activated carbon. The lowest values of sorption prediction errors were obtained with the Cascade Neural Networks method (MAE = 1.23 g/g; MAPE = 7.90% and RMSE = 1.81 g/g), while the highest error values were produced by the Boosted Trees method (MAE=14.31 g/g; MAPE = 39.43% and RMSE = 27.76 g/g).
Spatial dependencies in German matching functions

This paper proposes a spatial panel model for German matching functions to avoid possibly biased and inefficient estimates due to spatial dependence. We provide empirical evidence for the presence of spatial dependencies in matching data. Based on an official data set containing monthly information for 176 local employment offices, we show that neglecting spatial dependencies in the data results in overestimated coefficients. For the incorporation of spatial information into our model, we use data on commuting relations between local employment offices. Furthermore, our results suggest that a dynamic modeling is more appropriate for matching functions.
On generalized a-Browder's theorem

We characterize the bounded linear operators T satisfying generalized a-Browder's theorem, or generalized a-Weyl's theorem, by means of localized SVEP, as well as by means of the quasi-nilpotent part H0(�I T) asbelongs to certain sets of C. In the last part we give a general framework in which generalized a-Weyl's theorem follows for several classes of operators. 1. Preliminaries. Let L(X) denote the space of bounded linear oper- ators on an infinite-dimensional complex Banach space X. For T ∈ L(X), denote by α(T) the dimension of the kernel ker T, and by β(T) the codi- mension of the range T(X). The operator T ∈ L(X) is called upper semi- Fredholm if α(T) < ∞ and T(X) is closed, and lower semi-Fredholm if β(T) < ∞. If T is either upper or lower semi-Fredholm then it is said to be semi-Fredholm; finally, T is a Fredholm operator if it is both upper and lower semi-Fredholm. If T ∈ L(X) is semi-Fredholm, then its index is defined by ind T := α(T) − β(T). For every T ∈ L(X) and a nonnegative integer n we shall denote by T(n) the restriction of T to T n (X) viewed as a map from T n (X) into itself (we set T(0) = T). Following Berkani ((6), (11) and (8)), T ∈ L(X) is said to be semi B-Fredholm (resp., B-Fredholm, upper semi B-Fredholm, lower semi B-Fredholm) if for some integer n ≥ 0 the range T n (X) is closed and T(n) is a semi-Fredholm (resp., Fredholm, upper semi-Fredholm, lower semi- Fredholm) operator. Note that in this case T(m) is semi-Fredholm for all m ≥n ((11)). This enables one to define the index of a semi B-Fredholm op- erator as ind T = ind T(n). The class of all upper semi B-Fredholm operators 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 47A10, 47A11; Secondary 47A53, 47A55.
A Hierarchical Framework for Facial Age Estimation

Age estimation is a complex issue of multiclassification or regression. To address the problems of uneven distribution of age database and ignorance of ordinal information, this paper shows a hierarchic age estimation system, comprising age group and specific age estimation. In our system, two novel classifiers, sequence k-nearest neighbor (SKNN) and ranking-KNN, are introduced to predict age group and value, respectively. Notably, ranking-KNN utilizes the ordinal information between samples in estimation process rather than regards samples as separate individuals. Tested on FG-NET database, our system achieves 4.97 evaluated by MAE (mean absolute error) for age estimation.
Multi-Objective Optimization for Sizing of Solar-WindBased Hybrid Power System: A Review

In today’s scenario Distributed Generation (DG) resources have gained a lot of attention due to their positive impact on distribution system. Multisource hybrid power generationsystem with the utilization of Renewable Energy Resources (RES) are of greater concern considering environmental aspects. The considered resources are photovoltaic panels, wind turbine and battery storage. In this review various optimization techniques are compared in terms of multiobjective criteria comprising of reliability and cost analysis.
Vulnerability of MRD-Code-Based Universal Secure Error-Correcting Network Codes under Time-Varying Jamming Links

In order to provide reliable and secure communication against eavesdroppers and jammers over networks, Universal Secure Error-Correcting Network Codes (USECNC) based on Maximum-Rank-Distance (MRD) codes have been introduced. This code can be applied to any underlying network codes. However, Shioji et al. introduced a reasonable network model against the code. In their model, an attacker eavesdrops information symbols from some links, where the set of eavesdropping links is re-selected during one packet transmission. The MRD-code-based USECNC cannot guarantee the security against eavesdroppers under this model. Inspired by Shioji et al.’s result, this paper considers the model such that the set of links that jamming (error) symbols are injected into is re-selected for each time slot. We show that the MRDcode-based USECNC cannot guarantee the error-correcting capability under the model of time-varying jamming links, even if the number of jamming links is limited to only one. Furthermore, by introducing a restriction on the field of local coding vectors in the network coding, we propose a simple solution to the problem of time-varying jamming links for MRD-code-based USECNC. Keywords-Network Coding; Secure Network Coding; Network Error-Correction; Jamming
Changes in Cold Surge Occurrence over East Asia in the Future: Role of Thermal Structure

The occurrence of wintertime cold surges (CSs) over East Asia is largely controlled by the surface air temperature (SAT) distribution at high latitudes and thermal advection in the lower troposphere. The thermodynamic background state over northeastern Asia is associated with the strength of the East Asian winter monsoon and the variation of Arctic Oscillation. This study assesses the importance of the SAT structure with thermal advection in determining the frequency of CS occurrences over East Asia through the analysis of nine atmosphere–ocean coupled global climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5. The historical simulations can reproduce the observed typical characteristics of CS development. On the basis of this model performance, ensemble-averaged future simulations under the representative concentration pathway 8.5 project a reduction in CS frequency by 1.1 yr−1 in the late 21st century (2065–2095) compared to the present-day period (1975–2005). The major reason for less frequent CSs in the future is the weakened cold advection, caused by notable SAT warming over the northern part of East Asia. These results suggest that changes in the meridional SAT structure and the associated changes in thermal advection would play a more substantial role than local warming in determining future changes in the frequency of CS occurrences over East Asia.