Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust multi-component modeling of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging data

In conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) based on magnetic resonance data, each voxel is assumed to contain a single component having diffusion properties that can be fully represented by a single tensor. In spite of its apparent lack of generality, this assumption has been widely used in clinical and research purpose. This resulted in situations where correct interpretation of data was hampered by mixing of components and/or tractography. Even though this assumption can be valid in some cases, the general case involves mixing of components resulting in significant deviation from the single tensor model. Hence, a strategy that allows the decomposition of data based on a mixture model has the potential of enhancing the diagnostic value of DTI. This work aims at developing a stable solution for the most general problem of multi-component modeling of diffusion tensor imaging data. This model does not include any assumptions about the nature or volume ratio of any of the components and utilizes a projection pursuit based strategy whereby a combination of exhaustive search and least-squares estimation is used to estimate 1D projections of the solution. Then, such solutions are combined to compute the multidimensional components in a fast and robust manner. The new method is demonstrated by both computer simulations and real diffusion-weighted data. The preliminary results indicate the success of the new method and its potential to enhance the interpretation of DTI data sets.
Spatial Distribution of PCB Dechlorinating Bacteria and Activities in Contaminated Soil

Soil samples contaminated with Aroclor 1260 were analyzed for microbial PCB dechlorination potential, which is the rate-limiting step for complete PCB degradation. The average chlorines per biphenyl varied throughout the site suggesting that different rates of in situ dechlorination had occurred over time. Analysis of PCB transforming (aerobic and anaerobic) microbial communities and dechlorinating potential revealed spatial heterogeneity of both putative PCB transforming phylotypes and dechlorination activity. Some soil samples inhibited PCB dechlorination in active sediment from Baltimore Harbor indicating that metal or organic cocontaminants might cause the observed heterogeneity of in situ dechlorination. Bioaugmentation of soil samples contaminated with PCBs ranging from 4.6 to 265 ppm with a pure culture of the PCB dechlorinating bacterium Dehalobium chlorocoercia DF-1 also yielded heterologous results with significant dechlorination of weathered PCBs observed in one location. The detection of indigenous PCB dehalorespiring activity combined with the detection of putative dechlorinating bacteria and biphenyl dioxygenase genes in the soil aggregates suggests that the potential exists for complete mineralization of PCBs in soils. However, in contrast to sediments, the heterologous distribution of microorganisms, PCBs, and inhibitory cocontaminants is a significant challenge for the development of in situ microbial treatment of PCB impacted soils.
The minimum delay calculation methods in hybrid timing analysis

Hybrid timing analysis combines static timing analysis with circuit simulation. It makes a good compromise between precision and run time. This paper introduces the hybrid timing analysis method, and proposes the test waveform generation algorithm for the minimum delay considering multiple inputs switchin. The proposed algorithm is implemented in SpiceTime. The experimental results shows MIS has great effect on the minimum path delay.1.
Mortality Patterns Among Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant Workers

Objective: To determine whether Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant workers had mortality patterns that differed from the general US population and to investigate whether mortality patterns were associated with job title or workplace exposures. Methods: A retrospective occupational cohort mortality study was conducted on 6759 workers. Standardized mortality ratio analyses compared the cohort with the referent US population. Internal comparisons producing standardized rate ratios were conducted by job title, metal exposure, and cumulative internal and external radiation exposures. Results: Overall mortality and cancer rates were lower than the referent population, reflecting a strong healthy worker effect. Individual not significant standardized mortality ratios and standardized rate ratios were noted for cancers of the lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue. Conclusions: Although relatively low exposures to radiation and metals did not produce statistically significant health effects, no significant elevations for lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers were consistent with previous studies of nuclear workers.
Lead-free solder joint reliability estimation of flip chip package using FEM-based sensitivity analysis

Purpose – Integration of Cu/low‐k interconnects into the next‐generation integrated circuit chips, particularly for devices below the 90 nm technology node, has proved necessary to meet the urgent requirements of reducing RC time delay and low power consumption. Accordingly, establishment of feasible and robust packaging technology solutions in relation to the structural design, as well as material selection of the packaging components, has become increasingly important. Moreover, the nature of low‐k materials and the use of lead‐free solder greatly increases the complications in terms of ensuring enhanced packaging level reliability. The foregoing urgent issue needs to be quickly resolved while developing various advanced packages. This paper aims to focus on the issues.Design/methodology/approach – The prediction model, especially for the fatigue life of lead‐free solder joints, combined with virtual design of experiment with factorial analysis was used to obtain the sensitivity information of selecting.
Micromachined PMN-PT single crystal composite transducers -- 15–75 MHz PC-MUT

In this paper a piezoelectric composite based micromachined ultrasound transducer (PC-MUT) technology is presented for fabrication of PMN-PT single crystal piezoelectric composite transducers. Micromachined PMN-PT single crystal 1-3 composites with resonance frequencies of 15 MHz-75 MHz were fabricated and characterized with coupling coefficient of 0.67-0.79. Transducers with a frequency of 75 MHz were prototyped and characterized.
Minimization of BaHfO3 Flux Pinning Centers in YBa2Cu3Oy Films by Metal Organic Deposition Process

YBCO films with BaHfO3 (BHO) nanoparticles were fabricated by a metal organic deposition method using trifluoroacetate (TFA) solution with Hf salt. The diameter of BHO nanoparticles was minimized by the additional holding temperature during the crystallization process. Critical current density (JC) in magnetic fields of YBCO films with BHO nanoparticles was higher than that of the film with BaZrO3 (BZO). Accordingly, it was revealed that BHO nanoparticles act as very effective artificial pinning centers.
Duplication of a 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid monooxygenase gene in Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP134(pJP4)

The Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP134 plasmid pJP4 contains genes necessary for the complete degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 3-chlorobenzoic acid. tfdA encodes 2,4-D monooxygenase, the initial enzyme in the 2,4-D catabolic pathway. The tfdA locus has recently been localized to a region on pJP4 13 kilobases away from a cluster of five genes, tfdB to tfdF, which encode the enzymes responsible for the further degradation of 2,4-D to chloromaleylacetic acid (W.R. Streber, K. N. Timmis, and M. H. Zenk, J. Bacteriol. 169:2950-2955, 1987). A second, dissimilar locus on pJP4, tfdAII, has been observed which encodes 2,4-D monooxygenase activity. Gas chromatographic analysis of the 2,4-D metabolites of A. eutrophus harboring pJP4 or subclones thereof localized tfdAII to within a 9-kilobase SstI fragment of pJP4 which also carries the genes tfdBCDEF. This fragment was further characterized in Escherichia coli by deletion and subcloning analysis. A region of 2.5 kilobases, adjacent to tfdC, enabled E. coli extracts to degrade 2,4-D to 2,4-dichlorophenol. Hybridization under low-stringency conditions was observed between tfdA and tfdAII, signifying that the 2,4-D monooxygenase gene was present as two related copies on pJP4.
The metabolism of nicotinic acid. I. Purification and properties of 2,5-dihydroxypyridine oxygenase from Pseudomonas putida N-9.

Abstract Purification and crystallization of an enzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of 2,5-dihydroxypyridine, an intermediate in nicotinic acid catabolism, are described. The labile enzyme is stabilized by dithiothreitol. Activity lost by dialysis or purification procedures is restored by incubation with dithiothreitol and ferrous sulfate. The enzyme is inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents and iron-chelating agents. The crystalline enzyme, on polyacrylamide electrophoresis with dithiothreitol, yields a single major band and a region of minor diffuse bands. In the absence of dithiothreitol the intensity of the minor bands is increased. On acrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate, a single band with mobility corresponding to a molecular weight of 39,500 is obtained. A single region of enzyme activity corresponding to a molecular weight of 242,000 is obtained on sucrose gradients containing dithiothreitol. A portion of this activity is shifted to a region corresponding to lower molecular weight when dithiothreitol is omitted.
Production , Manufacturing and Logistics Contract type and decision right of sales promotion in supply chain management with a capital constrained retailer q

http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.ejor. 2014.07. 030 0377-2217/ 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. q The project was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China through Grants No. 71271059 and No. 71101082. ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel. : +86 21 25011169; fax: +86 21 65642412. E-mail addresses: 09210690005@fudan.edu. cn (Y. Jin), wangsujuan-1981@163. com (S. Wang), qyhu@fudan.edu. cn (Q. Hu). Yannan Jin , Sujuan Wang , Qiying Hu a,⇑
Effects of Capacitance on Phase Dynamics of  $\hbox{YBa}_{2}\hbox{Cu}_{3}\hbox{O}_{7-x}$ Josephson Junctions

We report on YBa2Cu3O7-x biepitaxial grain boundary Josephson junctions (JJs) demonstrating significant tunability of their circuital parameters. We show how the enhanced control of the junction properties, and particularly of the capacitance, leads to advances in the understanding of phase dynamics of high-critical-temperature superconductor JJs and potentially of their intrinsic dissipation mechanisms.
Social behavior and peer relationships of victims, bully-victims, and bullies in kindergarten.

BACKGROUND Although the prevalence of bully/victim problems in school-age children and adolescents has been investigated in many countries, only a few studies have been carried out among younger children. This study examines social behaviors and peer relationships of children involved in bully/victim problems in kindergarten. METHODS Three hundred and forty-four five- to seven-year-old children participated. Children were categorized as victims, bully-victims, bullies, and non-involved by means of teacher ratings and peer nominations. Teachers completed questionnaires on children's social behavior patterns. Peer relationships were assessed by means of peer nominations and social cluster mapping. RESULTS Compared to non-involved children, victims were more submissive, had fewer leadership skills, were more withdrawn, more isolated, less cooperative, less sociable, and frequently had no playmates. As expected, bullies and bully-victims were generally more aggressive than their peers. In addition, bully-victims were less cooperative, less sociable, and more frequently had no playmates than non-involved children. Bullies were less prosocial, and had more leadership skills than non-involved children. Bullies belonged to larger social clusters and were frequently affiliated with other bullies or bully-victims. CONCLUSIONS We were able to establish distinct behavior patterns for bullies, bully-victims, and victims. Some of these social behaviors may be considered as risk factors for being victimized or becoming a bully. Our findings also emphasize the significance of peer relationships in bully/victim problems. On the one hand, victimized children's lack of friends might render them psychologically and socially vulnerable, and thus more prone to becoming easy targets. On the other hand, bullies seemed to be preferred playmates, particularly for other aggressive boys. This affiliation of aggressive children might lead to an increase in bullying behavior. Our understanding of the social and interactional nature of bullying and victimization has practical implications for prevention and intervention against bully/victim problems.
The Efficacy of Pimecrolimus 1% Cream Combined with Microdermabrasion in the Treatment of Nonsegmental Childhood Vitiligo: A Randomized Placebo–Controlled Study

Abstract: Recently, topical immunomodulators have been successfully used in monotherapy or in combination with other therapeutic modalities in vitiligo. To determine whether combination pimecrolimus 1% cream and microdermabrasion enhances response time and repigmentation rate in children with vitiligo. Sixty‐five children diagnosed with vitiligo enrolled in this randomized placebo‐controlled study. Three vitiliginous patches were chosen in each patient. The first lesion was treated by pimecrolimus 1% cream. On the second lesion after doing microdermabrasion on day 1, pimecrolimus 1% cream was applied. On the third lesion placebo was applied. The course of treatment was 10 days. Vitiliginous patches were measured at baseline, day 10, and months 1, 2, and 3. Sixty patients completed the 3‐month study period. Clinical response (pigmentation >50%) was observed in 60.4% of the patches treated by combined pimecrolimus plus microdermabrasion at the third month of follow‐up, compared with 32.1% and 1.7% for pimecrolimus alone and placebo, respectively (p = 0.000). No significant side effect was observed. Microdermabrasion exerts an additive effect in enhancing the rate and degree of repigmentation by pimecrolimus. This new combined approach appears to be safe and effective in childhood vitiligo.
Modeling method for behaviors prediction of mechanical contacts under nonlinear characteristics

It is prerequisite to investigate the contact characteristics if enough simulation accuracy is needed for the prediction of the mechanical system, but the contact contributes the major deformations of the whole system and give rise to the discontinuity. This paper presented a method on how to model and simulate the contact process based on the finite element method. In order to explore contact performance under the external force, a modeling method was studied based on the permeation method. The permeation method was proposed for the description of contact, and the permeation was determined by the contact stiffness and the external load. Moreover, both the normal and tangential permeations were involved for the study of two orthogonal directions. Additionally, a case study of plane-plane contact with a typical material constitutive model was presented. Results showed that the permeation method was efficient for the study of the structure analysis. And the compensation of the displacement adjusted the difference of the displacements to simulate the contact process because of the permeation.
Increasing Translation Speed in Phrase-based Models via Suboptimal Segmentation

Phrase-Based Models constitute nowadays the core of the state of the art in the statistical pattern recognition approach to machine translation. Being able to introduce context information into the translation model, they usually produce translations whose quality is often difficult to improve. However, these models have usually an important drawback: the translation speed they are able to deliver is mostly not sufficient for real-time tasks, and translating a single sentence can sometimes take some minutes. In this paper, we describe a novel technique for reducing significantly the size of the translation table, by performing a Viterbi-style selection of the phrases that constitute the final phrase-table. Even in cases where the pruned phrase table contains only 6% of the segments of the original one, translation quality is not worsened. Furthermore, translation quality remains the same in the worst case, achieving an increase of 0.3 BLEU in the best
Multigrid Methods and Sparse-Grid Collocation Techniques for Parabolic Optimal Control Problems with Random Coefficients

An efficient computational framework to solve nonlinear parabolic optimal control problems with random coefficients is presented. This framework allows us to investigate the influence of randomness or uncertainty of problem's parameters values on the control provided by the optimal control theory. The proposed framework combines space-time multigrid methods with sparse-grid collocation techniques. Theoretical and numerical results of computation of stochastic optimal control solutions and formulation of mean control functions are presented.
Prediction of stroke outcome with echoplanar perfusion- and diffusion-weighted MRI

Objectives: We examined the utility of echoplanar magnetic resonance perfusion imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in predicting stroke evolution and outcome in 18 patients with acute hemispheric infarction. Methods: Patients were studied within 24 hours (mean, 12.2 hours), subacutely(mean, 4.7 days), and at outcome (mean, 84 days). Comparisons were made between infarction volumes as measured on perfusion imaging (PI) and isotropic DWI maps, clinical assessment scales (Canadian Neurological Scale, Barthel Index, and Rankin Scale), and final infarct volume (T2-weighted MRI). Results: Acute PI lesion volumes correlated with acute neurologic state, clinical outcome, and final infarct volume. Acute DWI lesions correlated less robustly with acute neurologic state, but correlated well with clinical outcome and final infarct volume. Three of six possible patterns of abnormalities were seen: PI lesion larger than DWI lesion (65%), PI lesion smaller than DWI lesion (12%), and DWI lesion but no PI lesion (23%). A pattern of a PI lesion larger than the DWI lesion predicted DWI expansion into surrounding hypoperfused tissue (p < 0.05). In the other two patterns, DWI lesions did not enlarge, suggesting that no significant increase in ischemic lesion size occurs in the absence of a larger perfusion deficit. Conclusions: Combined early PI and DWI can define different acute infarct patterns, which may allow the selection of rational therapeutic strategies based on the presence or absence of potentially salvageable ischemic tissue.
The fabrication and characterization of adjustable nanogaps between gold electrodes on chip for electrical measurement of single molecules

This work reports on a new method to fabricate mechanically controllable break junctions (MCBJ) with finely adjustable nanogaps between two gold electrodes on solid state chips for characterizing electron transport properties of single molecules. The simple, low cost, robust and reproducible fabrication method combines conventional photolithography, chemical etching and electrodeposition to produce suspended electrodes separated with nanogaps. The MCBJ devices fabricated by the method can undergo many cycles in which the nanogap width can be precisely and repeatedly varied from zero to several nanometers. The method improves the success rate of the MCBJ experiments. Using these devices the electron transport properties of a typical molecular system, commercially available benzene-1,4-dithiol (BDT), have been studied. The I–V and G–V characteristic curves of BDT and the conductance value for a single BDT molecule established the excellent device suitability for molecular electronics research.
Expression and crystallographic studies of the D1D2 domains of C4.4A, a homologous protein to the urokinase receptor.

C4.4A is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein comprised of two LU domains (Ly6/uPAR-like domains) and an extensively O-glycosylated C-terminal Ser/Thr/Pro-rich region. C4.4A is a novel biomarker for squamous epithelial differentiation. Its expression is dysregulated under various pathological conditions and it is a robust biomarker for poor prognosis in various malignant conditions such as pulmonary adenocarcinoma. To facilitate crystallization, the two LU domains were excised from intact C4.4A by limited proteolysis, purified and crystallized by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystals diffracted to 2.7 Å resolution and belonged to space group C2221, with unit-cell parameters a = 55.49, b = 119.63, c = 168.54 Å. The statistics indicated good quality of the data, which form a solid basis for the determination of the C4.4A structure.
Applications of stochastic techniques to partially observed discrete event systems.

Applications of Stochastic Techniques to Partially Observed Discrete Event Systems by David P.L. Thorsley Chair: Demosthenis Teneketzis In order to address questions like fault diagnosis and optimization in large, com- plex systems, it is necessary to have a proper understanding of how information develops in such systems and what information is necessary in order to solve partic- ular problems. Such a treatment of information is well developed in the theory of stochastic systems, but less so in the theory of discrete-event systems (DES). In this thesis we apply facets of stochastic systems theory to DES. Three distinct major problems are considered. The first is the question of diag- nosability of stochastic DES. The notions of Aand AA-diagnosability are defined for stochastic automata and conditions for Aand AA-diagnosability are determined through the construction of a stochastic diagnoser. The second problem, the active acquisition of information problem, relates to how to optimally schedule measurements so as to minimize the observation cost necessary to control a system or diagnose a failure within it. A cost is incurred each instant a sensor is activated in an attempt to observe an events, and the objective is to minimize either the worst-case cost (for logical DES) or expected cost (stochastic DES) required in order to detect a failure. The solution of this problem requires properly defining an information state for DES and the construction of a proper sequence of information σ-fields. Dynamic programming is used the information σ-fields to find an optimal solution. The final problem concerns intrusion detection in centralized and decentralized supervisory control systems. The control action implemented by a supervisor may fail as a result of an intruder interfering with the system’s performance and, as a result, strings that the supervisor wished to disable may be executed. Conditions for ensure that all illegal strings can be disabled in the presence of intrusion are presented. A language measure technique is used to assess the potential damage an intruder can cause. Optimal control specifications are determined by constructing appropriate information states and using dynamic programming.