Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oh, the places you will grow: Intraspecific latitudinal clines in butterfly size suggest a phylogenetic signal

Abstract Within an animal species, the body sizes of individuals at higher latitudes are often different from individuals at lower latitudes. For homeothermic species that maintain a relatively constant body temperature, such as mammals and birds, individuals at higher latitudes tend to be larger. For ectothermic species, such as insects, that do not retain their own body heat and which often do not maintain a relatively constant body temperature, patterns of body size with latitude are highly variable. This has led some authors to contend that patterns in even closely related species cannot be expected to be similar. Indeed, to our knowledge, no studies of invertebrates have found that more closely related species have more similar relationships between body size and latitude. Further, no studies have investigated the potential influence of diet quality on interspecific differences in these clines. We measured wing lengths of specimens (N = 1753) in eight lycaenid butterfly species and one species of the sister family, Riodinidae to determine if more closely related species have similar latitudinal trends. We also estimated the mean nitrogen content of caterpillars’ hosts to investigate whether this often‐limiting nutrient influences the strength and direction of latitudinal clines in body size. We found that four species are significantly smaller at higher latitudes, an additional species is marginally smaller at higher latitudes (p < .06), and four species had no significant relationship with latitude. We also found a strong phylogenetic signal for latitudinal clines in body size among our species, which indicates that some closely related species may have similar clines. However, the strength and direction of these clines did not depend on the estimated nitrogen content of caterpillars’ hosts. Our results indicate that mean nitrogen content of hosts may not be an important driver in latitudinal clines but that phylogenetic relationships among species should be accounted for when exploring other potential drivers of body‐size clines in invertebrate species.
Euphemisms on @tempodotco Instagram’s News Posters and Its Relevance as Teaching Materials in Junior High School

Euphemism is a more subtle expression used to replace expressions that are felt harmful and considered taboo. This study aims to describe the forms and the implications of euphemism in poster learning. This study used the descriptive qualitative method. The data that had been obtained was described in the form of words. The data used in this study was utterances in the news headline by the Instagram account of @tempodotco. The data in the study were collected using documentation, listening, and note-taking techniques. The data were analyzed using Hubung Banding Menyamakan (HBS) technique with the intralingual equivalent method. This method and technique were carried out to describe lingual elements by connecting and then comparing the same linguistic data, in the form of euphemisms, to find similarities in the data, such as this -things related to the meaning, the context of the speech, and others. Based on the research, it can be concluded that 15 euphemistic data were found on the @tempodotco news poster during September and October 2021. The forms of euphemism found were divided into four parts with the following distribution: 5 in the use of abbreviations (use of initials, use of acronyms, and standardized forms), 2 in the use of loanwords, 2 in the use of foreign terms, and 6 in the use of metaphors. In addition, other forms of euphemism can be used as teaching materials for studying presentation patterns and language and messages in posters for junior high school students in the context of moral formation through smoothing words and sentences in euphemisms.
An environmental gradient dominates ecological and genetic differentiation of marine invertebrates between the North and Baltic Sea

Abstract Environmental gradients have emerged as important barriers to structuring populations and species distributions. We set out to test whether the strong salinity gradient from the marine North Sea to the brackish Baltic Sea in northern Europe represents an ecological and genetic break, and to identify life history traits that correlate with the strength of this break. We accumulated mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 sequence data, and data on the distribution, salinity tolerance, and life history for 28 species belonging to the Cnidaria, Crustacea, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Polychaeta, and Gastrotricha. We included seven non‐native species covering a broad range of times since introduction, in order to gain insight into the pace of adaptation and differentiation. We calculated measures of genetic diversity and differentiation across the environmental gradient, coalescent times, and migration rates between North and Baltic Sea populations, and analyzed correlations between genetic and life history data. The majority of investigated species is either genetically differentiated and/or adapted to the lower salinity conditions of the Baltic Sea. Species exhibiting population structure have a range of patterns of genetic diversity in comparison with the North Sea, from lower in the Baltic Sea to higher in the Baltic Sea, or equally diverse in North and Baltic Sea. Two of the non‐native species showed signs of genetic differentiation, their times since introduction to the Baltic Sea being about 80 and >700 years, respectively. Our results indicate that the transition from North Sea to Baltic Sea represents a genetic and ecological break: The diversity of genetic patterns points toward independent trajectories in the Baltic compared with the North Sea, and ecological differences with regard to salinity tolerance are common. The North Sea–Baltic Sea region provides a unique setting to study evolutionary adaptation during colonization processes at different stages by jointly considering native and non‐native species.
Non-Heating Experimental Study on External Reactor Vessel Cooling

As a key severe accident management strategy,External Reactor Vessel Cooling (ERVC) could terminate the physical process in the reactor pressure vessel and achieve the in-vessel molten debris retention. However,the strategy still needs to be investigated before its application in nuclear power plants. A slice geometry,full scale simulation experiment facility is designed to observe and investigate the two phase natural circulation of ERVC in CPR1000. The study is focused on the effects of the flow path geometry and size on the natural circulation. The experiment results reveal that the inlet/outlet area,penetration tubes and insulation influence the flow process at different levels and the inlet/outlet areas shows a dominating effect on the mass flow rate. The effect of penetration tubes on the boiling heat transfer need to be further evaluated. The maximum measured errors of air injection flowrate and circulation flowrate are 12.9% and 3.4% respectively.
Two new hermit crab species of Diogenes (Crustacea: Decapoda: Diogenidae) from Atlanto‐Mediterranean coasts of Iberian Peninsula: Poleward migrants or merely overlooked indigenous species?

Abstract A new hermit crab species of the genus Diogenes with reddish‐orange cheliped, Diogenes erythromanus sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on specimens from the Mediterranean coasts of the Iberian Peninsula, southern Spain. In addition, a second morphotype originating from Mauritanian waters and morphologically very close to D. erythromanus sp. nov. is described as a different species, D. arguinensis sp. nov. The new species are here compared to morphologically similar congeners, especially to those inhabiting the same geographical range. Diogenes erythromanus sp. nov. is distinguishable from other Diogenes primarily by the shape and armature of the left cheliped, with a palm slightly higher than long, with a ridge of spines running along the proximal lower margin that continues with a series of spinose rows forming a central band parallel to the upper margin of the palm. The palm in D. arguinensis sp. nov. is longer than high and shows similar proximal ridge, but without central spinose ridge. The shape of the cheliped is also different in D. arguinensis sp. nov., with long dactylus, which is also flattened and twisted. Sequences from two mitochondrial and one nuclear genes, and comparative analyses with other available sequences for the genus, are also included. Molecular phylogenetic analyses support the morphological delimitation, with D. erythromanus sp. nov. and D. arguinensis sp. nov. forming a separate group, more related to other tropical species, which raises different possible explanations for its presence in the Iberian Peninsula.
Regulatory Networks of Flowering Genes in Angelica sinensis during Vernalization

Angelica sinensis is a low-temperature and long-day perennial herb that has been widely used for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in recent years. In commercial cultivation, up to 40% of flowering decreases the officinal yield of roots and accumulation of bioactive compounds. Although the regulatory mechanism of flowering genes during the photoperiod has been revealed, the networks during vernalization have not been mapped. Here, transcriptomics profiles of A. sinensis with uncompleted (T1), completed (T2) and avoided vernalization (T3) were performed using RNA-seq, and genes expression was validated with qRT-PCR. A total of 61,241 isoforms were annotated on KEGG, KOG, Nr and Swiss-Prot databases; 4212 and 5301 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed; and 151 and 155 genes involved in flowering were dug out at T2 vs. T1 and T3 vs. T1, respectively. According to functional annotation, 104 co-expressed genes were classified into six categories: FLC expression (22; e.g., VILs, FCA and FLK), sucrose metabolism (12; e.g., TPSs, SUS3 and SPSs), hormone response (18; e.g., GID1B, RAP2s and IAAs), circadian clock (2; i.e., ELF3 and COR27), downstream floral integrators and meristem identity (15; e.g., SOC1, AGL65 and SPLs) and cold response (35; e.g., PYLs, ERFs and CORs). The expression levels of candidate genes were almost consistent with FPKM values and changes in sugar and hormone contents. Based on their functions, four pathways that regulate flowering during vernalization were mapped, including the vernalization pathway, the autonomic pathway, the age pathway and the GA (hormone) pathway. This transcriptomic analysis provides new insights into the gene-regulatory networks of flowering in A. sinensis.
Design and optimization of IGBT gate drivers for high insulation voltage up to 30kV

In this article, a design methodology to optimize IGBT gate drivers for high insulation voltage capability (up to 30kV) is proposed. A Pot core ferrite with circular coils transformer is used for high insulation capabilities. The insulation voltage level is defined by the air gap length and the dielectric material. The pulse width modulation (PWM) signal transmission and power transmission functions of IGBT gate driver are studied and optimized. For both functions, the objective of the studies is to optimize the geometric elements of transformer and the associated electrical components by the help of a virtual prototyping tool. Therefore, the optimization results are proposed under Pareto fronts: optimization objectives for a set of the barrier insulation thickness. Finally, the experimental verifications are shown to validate the proposed methodology.
Providing academic opportunities to vulnerable adolescents: a randomised evaluation of privately managed tuition-free middle schools in Uruguay

ABSTRACT We conducted a randomised evaluation of three privately managed middle schools in Uruguay aimed at providing education opportunities to adolescents from low income socioeconomic status. At 3-year follow-up, treatment students fare better in terms of academic promotion and school retention. Students in treatment schools present also better mental health, as represented by lower rates of internalising behaviours and social problems than students in the control group. Our findings suggest that a culture of high expectations, a caring and disciplined school climate, and parental involvement in school could account for some of the observed differences in academic trajectories and mental health.
Education for optimized Life Cycle Management: The Project e-CIRP and its insights into embedding circular economy aspects to product design via teaching

The integration of circular economy-based life cycle management (LCM) into product design and optimisation is essential for the transformation towards a circular economy (CE). However, companies often lack the expertise to adapt life-cycle design (LCD) thinking in their business operations and are in need of respective capacity building. To close this apparent gap is the aim of the project e-CirP (Embedding Circular Economy into Product Design and Optimization) where LUT University, Fraunhofer, Technical University of Denmark, University of Padova, Delft University of Technology, University of Helsinki and Metso Outotec have worked together to develop a program that allows Master students across Europe to learn how to integrate CE and Life Cycle Thinking principles into product design by analysing real industrial cases. In the project, modern pedagogical approaches have been applied. A modular training package covering general circular economy aspects, as well as detailed value chain perspectives, has been created. Next to the content-related aspects, a great focus was also on the support of so-called soft-skills development, e.g. through international student cooperation on case studies. The paper presents the perspective of participating students as well as the cooperating companies that supplied the industry cases to allow an overview of opportunities and challenges.
Scatter imaging with super-memory effect based on adaptive β-parameter hybrid input-output algorithm-assisted estimation of point spread function

It is of great significance to realize the imaging of the target behind the scattering medium, which is often limited by the optical memory effect range. In this paper, a non-invasive super-memory effect scattering imaging method based on adaptive β-parameter hybrid input-output (APHIO) algorithm-assisted point spread function (PSF) estimation is proposed. An iterative algorithm APHIO is designed to use the speckle autocorrelation region to constrain the iterative region and optimize the value of the parameter β in the traditional HIO algorithm. Besides, the estimated PSF of the imaging system is combined with a new scanning method to better reconstruct the target object with super-memory effect range. The results show that the APHIO algorithm has the characteristics of faster convergence and more stable reconstruction quality than the traditional HIO algorithm. The overall imaging framework has a good performance in the reconstruction efficiency of the target with super-memory effect range.
Construction of an ECL Detection Platform for Sensitive Detection of Carbaryl Based on an Eu3+-Functionalized Metal–Organic Framework Encapsulated with Nanogold

In this work, an Eu3+-MOF-253@Au electrochemiluminescence sensor was successfully constructed for the first time by encapsulating nanogold in the metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) backbone and pore channels, and assembling Eu3+ on the MOF backbone. Firstly, the introduction of nanogold overcomes the weakness of MOFs, which was difficult to achieve, and enhances its catalytic performance, followed by the modification of Eu3+ to confer the electrochemiluminescence performance and the function of target detection on the sensor. Moreover, carbaryl was placed in an alkaline working solution to enhance the intensity of electrochemiluminescence signal, as well as to promote the hydrolysis of carbaryl into 1-naphthol, which caused the burst of Eu3+-MOF-253@Au electrochemiluminescence sensor, thereby achieving the sensitive detection of carbaryl. On this basis, the electrochemiluminescence detection conditions were optimized, the performance was analyzed, and finally it was successfully used for the detection of carbaryl with good linearity in the range of 0.2–200 μg L−1 and a low detection limit (0.14 μg L−1).
Effects of cutaneous input and resistance training on motor output

Supervisory Committee Dr. E. Paul Zehr (School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education) Supervisor Dr. Marc Klimstra (School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education) Departmental Member Dr. Craig Brown (Division of Medical Sciences) Outside Member An entire field of research was born when a paper entitled ‘On the education of muscular control and power’ first discussed a “psychical rather than a physical” bilateral adaptation to a unilateral training program. Although the true relevance of this paper would not be recognized for over a century, its novel findings, describing adaptations resulting from physical and skilled training, continue to influence scientific literature to this day. Most notably, Scripture coined the term ‘cross-education’ to describe the improvement in strength or functional performance of not only the trained limb but also in the untrained contralateral limb. Recently, unilateral training or ‘cross-education’ has been highlighted as a possible rehabilitation strategy during recovery from unilateral injuries. However, a number of limitations must be addressed within the scientific literature in order to properly apply unilateral resistance training as an effective rehabilitation strategy. Therefore, the primary goal of this dissertation was to address a number of fundamental issues related to optimizing unilateral resistance training. One such issue is knowledge on the time course of strength increase during unilateral resistance training. The primary purpose of Chapter 2 was to characterize the time-course of strength changes in both the trained and untrained limbs during unilateral handgrip training. Experiment 1 assessed the time-course with a ‘traditional’ training protocol (3x/week for 6 weeks: 18 total sessions) while Experiment 2 assessed a “compressed” protocol in which the number of sessions and contractions were matched but participants trained for eighteen consecutive days. An anticipated outcome was the determination of the minimum number of sessions required to induce contralateral strength gains in the upper limb. A secondary purpose of this study was to examine whether spinally-mediated adaptations in muscle afferent reflex pathways occur after unilateral handgrip training.
Aperiodic multilayer graphene based tunable and switchable thermal emitter at mid-infrared frequencies

Graphene attracts enormous interest for photonic applications as it provides a degree of freedom to manipulate electromagnetic waves. In this paper, we present new graphene-based aperiodic multilayer structures as selective, tunable, and switchable thermal emitters at infrared frequencies. For these optimized aperiodic thermal emitters, we investigate the effect of the chemical potential and number of graphene layers on the range of selectivity, tunability, and switchability of thermal emittance. We find that the proposed thermal emitters show about an order of magnitude narrower thermal band, e.g., improved selectivity. The tunability of thermal power emitted from the structure with 32 graphene layers is ∼3.5 times larger than that of the structure with eight graphene layers, changing from λ = 3.34 μ m to 2 . 85 μ m by increasing the chemical potential from 0.0 eV to 1.0 eV. We demonstrate that the arrangement with 32 graphene layers can decrease by ∼83% of the power emitted for λ = 3.34 μ m, providing ∼4.5 times stronger switchability than for the structure with eight graphene layers. The electrically dynamic control of the proposed graphene-based aperiodic multilayer structures can pave the way for a new class of in situ wavelength selective, tunable, and switchable thermal sources.Graphene attracts enormous interest for photonic applications as it provides a degree of freedom to manipulate electromagnetic waves. In this paper, we present new graphene-based aperiodic multilayer structures as selective, tunable, and switchable thermal emitters at infrared frequencies. For these optimized aperiodic thermal emitters, we investigate the effect of the chemical potential and number of graphene layers on the range of selectivity, tunability, and switchability of thermal emittance. We find that the proposed thermal emitters show about an order of magnitude narrower thermal band, e.g., improved selectivity. The tunability of thermal power emitted from the structure with 32 graphene layers is ∼3.5 times larger than that of the structure with eight graphene layers, changing from λ = 3.34 μ m to 2 . 85 μ m by increasing the chemical potential from 0.0 eV to 1.0 eV. We demonstrate that the arrangement with 32 graphene layers can decrease by ∼83% of the power emitted for λ = 3.34 μ m, .
Comprehensive review of a Digital Maturity Model and proposal for a continuous digital transformation process with Digital Maturity Model integration

In recent years, digital transformation has become one of the most popular trends for enterprises worldwide. The global trend of digital technologies and the COVID-19 pandemic have made the growth speed of digital transformation steadier than ever. In this condition, practitioners and academic researchers believe that the Digital Maturity Model is one of the most effective weapons in helping managers and the workforce manage to transform their businesses digitally. However, the Digital Maturity Model (DMM) is a type of maturity model (MM) that is relatively new in model development and digital maturity assessment methodologies, especially when integrated into an extensive digital transformation process. With this paper, the authors aim to conduct a comprehensive review to clarify the current state of the DMM field, including its essential characteristics, popular elements belonging to its structures, the number of methods, and techniques used in developing and applying them. In addition, these papers identify significant areas of research underway. Moreover, the authors raise some challenges for the field in the capture of results by reviewing them: i) the need to standardize its component names; ii) a contextualized but low-cost DMM for SMEs to use in their business; iii) the need for positioning DMM applied processes in a master digital transformation process and in a dynamics context that help applications of DMM more efficient. The authors proposed a solution for the third challenge through a conceptual model integrating DMM into a continuous digital transformation process. Keywords: Digital Transformation; Digital Maturity Model; Continuous Transformation Process; Change Management.