Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The General Population’s View on Where to Seek Treatment for Gambling Disorder – a General Population Survey

Background More remains to be understood about attitudes towards treatment for gambling disorder and where to seek treatment. Given the low degree of treatment seeking behaviour in this condition, it may be of interest to study people’s perception about where to seek help in case of problem gambling. From a study originally aiming to address health correlates of problem gambling, the present sub-study aimed to examine the general population’s attitudes towards where to advise a person with problem gambling to seek treatment, and correlates of recommending a formal professional treatment modality. Methods A cross-sectional general population web survey in Sweden (N=2,038, 55% women, 6% lifetime problem gamblers) was conducted. Preferred advice for gambling-related treatment seeking was defined with a question asking about where one would hypothetically advise a friend to seek help for gambling addiction. Advice for professional vs peer support help was compared with respect to individual characteristics, in problem gamblers and non-problem gamblers. Results Fifty percent preferred to recommend peer support help for gambling, whereas among professional treatment options, the largest share preferred primary care (22%) or psychiatry/addiction psychiatry (18%), while few suggested occupational health-care (6%) or social services (3%). Opting for a professional treatment modality for problem gambling was unrelated to one’s own problem gambling, whereas those recommending professional treatment were younger and more likely to report psychological distress. In problem gamblers specifically, history of indebtedness was associated with recommending professional treatment. Conclusion Many people may not perceive gambling disorder to require professional treatment, and may recommend peer support outside of formal treatment systems. Younger individuals, as well as those with a personal history of psychological treatment needs, may be more prone to recommending formal treatment. The findings may have implications for treatment trajectories and may facilitate overcoming perceived treatment barriers.
Management of Foreign Body Aspirations in Dental Clinics

Reader, Lecturer, Dean and HOD, Dept of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery SMBT Dental college Sangamner, Dept of Physiology RIMS Adilabad, Dept of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery RKDF Dental College Bhopal 3 4 Abstract Foreign Body Aspiration is a potential complication in dental practice. The aspiration of a tooth or its fragments represents a serious medical situation because it can rapidly block the airways partially or completely. The edges of the tooth may traumatize the lining of respiratory mucosa. Many dental materials and instruments are of small size, and when exposed to saliva with limited opening of oral cavity it becomes all the more difficult to manipulate them correctly. When the patient is placed in the supine or semi-raised position, such objects might be swallowed or aspirated into the oropharynx. Foreign Body Aspiration episodes have the potential to result in acute medical and life-threatening emergencies. Prevention is clearly the best approach however when such cases and situation are presented rapid intervention is essential for ensuring patient safety. This review article highlights the protocol of management of Foreign Body Aspirations in Dental Clinics.
Anomalous Palmaris Longus Tendon Causing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

DOI https://doi.org/ 10.1055/s-0039-3400671 ISSN 0970-0358. ©2019 Association of Plastic Surgeons of India on to the palmar aponeurosis distally but from within the tunnel. Also, the median nerve appeared to be compressed significantly. The tendon was released from the ulnar side attachments to the palmar aponeurosis, thus impairing its ability to compress and making it a part of the radial leaf of the roof of the tunnel. Median nerve epineurotomy was performed. The carpal tunnel release was continued proximally in the distal deep fascia of the forearm. After verifying adequate release of the median nerve both proximally and distally, the incision was closed. PL is one of the most variable muscles in the human body. It is a slender fusiform muscle arising from the medial epicondyle as a part of the common flexor tendon and also from the adjacent intermuscular septa and the antebrachial fascia. The tendinous structure normally passes anterior to the flexor retinaculum and then distally continues with the palmar aponeurosis2 (►Fig. 2). This topographic relationship of the tendon with the median nerve makes its anatomical variations a common cause of median nerve entrapment. Several anatomical variations of the PL muscle have been studied in the past.3 The variations could be in the form of complete absence, insertion site variation, multiple muscle bellies, different location of the muscle belly, and so on.4 The variation highlighted in our case report is the abnormal passage of tendon through the carpal tunnel. As per the proposed classification by Georgiev,5 the variation was type III variation. In our case, the tendon instead of lying anterior to the roof of the carpal tunnel, traveled through the carpal tunnel lying superomedial to the nerve (►Fig. 3). It therefore could be a contributory factor for causing the median nerve compression. This partial displacement of the tendon in the anteroposterior plane from the palmar aponeurosis and transverse carpal ligament could be explained by histological and developmental studies on the independent origin of the two structures and their different origin.6 The reported variation is of importance as a lack of awareness can lead to accidental damage to the median nerve during harvest of the PL tendon. Indian J Plast Surg 2019;52:360–361
Obesity Fact Sheet in Korea, 2018: Data Focusing on Waist Circumference and Obesity-Related Comorbidities

Background The global prevalence of obesity has increased steadily in recent years. Waist circumference (WC) reflects body composition better than body mass index. The Korean Society for the Study of Obesity released the 2018 Obesity Fact Sheet to address the incidence of obesity-related comorbidities according to WC levels. Methods Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service health examination database from 2009 to 2016 were analyzed. Abdominal obesity was defined as a WC ≥90 cm in men and ≥85 cm in women. Incidence rates of comorbidities and all-cause mortality rates were calculated after standardizing by age and sex based on the 2010 census. Results From 2009 to 2015, the incidence rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke increased both in men and women. Individuals with the lowest WC levels had the highest all-cause mortality rates followed by those with the highest WC levels in men, women, and the total population. The incidence rates of total cancer increased as WC levels escalated between 2009 and 2016. In men, the incidence rates of colorectal, prostate, and liver cancers increased as WC levels increased. The incidence rates of thyroid, colorectal, and stomach cancers increased as WC levels rose in women. In addition, medical expenses continuously increased as WC increased in both men and women. Conclusion Based on the 2018 Obesity Fact Sheet, strategies for reducing the abdominal obesity and related comorbidities and medical expenses are a public health priority.
Enhanced postoperative recovery: good from afar, but far from good?

Enhanced postoperative recovery programmes (ERAS) were developed about 20 years ago based on improved understanding of the pathophysiology of postoperative recovery within an integrated multidisciplinary approach. The results across surgical procedures have been extremely positive with a reduction in hospitalisation and medical complications, without increased re‐admission rates. However, several challenges lie ahead including improved implementation of existing scientific evidence, increased focus on post‐discharge recovery problems and a need for improved design of future ERAS studies. However, the most important challenges lie within a better understanding and control of undesirable peri‐operative pathophysiological responses with subsequent risk of organ dysfunction. These efforts should focus on: the inflammatory and neurohumoral surgical stress responses; fluid management; pain management; blood management; mechanisms of orthostatic intolerance; postoperative cognitive dysfunction; risk factors for thrombo‐embolic complications; and mechanisms and prevention of postoperative ileus. Finally, more focus should be made on the different barriers to post‐discharge functional recovery and the choice of (pre‐ and postoperative) rehabilitation. These efforts should be made on a procedure‐specific as well as on a patient‐specific basis.
Evaluation of developmental toxicity and genotoxicity of aqueous seed extract of Croton tiglium L. using zebrafish

Abstract Croton tiglium L. has been used in Ayurvedic and Chinese herbal medicinal formulations from ancient times. Although its seeds are widely prescribed as traditional medicine, there is a dearth of information, regarding its toxic effects, and the mechanisms underlying its toxicity. This study aims to investigate the developmental toxicity and genotoxicity of the aqueous seed extract of C. tiglium L. (AECT) in zebrafish. We have examined the effects of AECT on the early embryonic development of zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos, treated with different concentrations of the AECT, suffered embryonic lethality and displayed various developmental defects. The 96 h-LC50 of AECT was found to be 162.78 µg/ml. Interestingly, the developmental abnormalities observed, such as pericardial edema (PE), yolk sac edema (YSE), spinal curvature (SC), and delayed hatching, varied in severity, in a dose-dependent manner. Zebrafish embryos, treated with different concentrations of AECT, exhibited exaggerated cell death in the anatomical regions of brain, heart, and trunk. Our data suggest that the phenomenon of apoptosis is probably responsible for both embryonic lethality and developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, the genotoxic potential of the AECT, in vivo, was evaluated using micronucleus assay and comet assay, on the peripheral blood of zebrafish. The results suggest that AECT has the potential to cause genotoxicity in the peripheral blood of zebrafish.
Neural Networks Multiobjective Learning With Spherical Representation of Weights

This article presents a novel representation of artificial neural networks (ANNs) that is based on a projection of weights into a new spherical space defined by a radius <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and a vector of angles <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Theta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. This spherical representation of ANNs further simplifies the multiobjective learning problem, which is usually treated as a constrained optimization problem that requires great computational effort to maintain the constraints. With the proposed spherical representation, the constrained optimization problem becomes unconstrained, which simplifies the formulation and computational effort required. In addition, it also allows the use of any nonlinear optimization method for the multiobjective learning of ANNs. Results presented in this article show that the proposed spherical representation of weights yields more accurate estimates of the Pareto set than the classical multiobjective approach. Regarding the final solution selected from the Pareto set, our approach was effective and outperformed some state-of-the-art methods on several data sets.
Comparison of Tumor Volume Parameters on Prostate Cancer Biopsies.

CONTEXT. — Prostate biopsy reports require an indication of prostate cancer volume. No consensus exists on the methodology of tumor volume reporting. OBJECTIVE. — To compare the prognostic value of different biopsy prostate cancer volume parameters. DESIGN. — Prostate biopsies of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer were reviewed (n = 1031). Tumor volume was quantified in 6 ways: average estimated tumor percentage, measured total tumor length, average calculated tumor percentage, greatest tumor length, greatest tumor percentage, and average tumor percentage of all biopsies. Their prognostic value was determined by using either logistic regression for extraprostatic expansion (EPE) and surgical margin status after radical prostatectomy (RP), or Cox regression for biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCRFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) after RP (n = 406) and radiation therapy (RT) (n = 508). RESULTS. — All tumor volume parameters were significantly mutually correlated (R2 > 0.500, P < .001). None were predictive for EPE, surgical margin, or BCRFS after RP in multivariable analysis, including age, prostate-specific antigen, number of positive biopsies, and grade group. In contrast, all tumor volume parameters were significant predictors for BCRFS (all P < .05) and DSS (all P < .05) after RT, except greatest tumor length. In multivariable analysis including only all tumor volume parameters as covariates, calculated tumor length was the only predictor for EPE after RP (P = .02) and DSS after RT (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS. — All tumor volume parameters had comparable prognostic value and could be used in clinical practice. If tumor volume quantification is a threshold for treatment decision, calculated tumor length seems preferential, slightly outperforming the other parameters.
Review: It’s not about the hoist: a narrative literature review of manual handling in healthcare

This interesting review draws on a wide range of literature to raise important issues in relation to manual handling in healthcare. As the paper demonstrates, manual handling in healthcare has been the focus of a great deal of research over the last two decades. Much of this has explored the impact of patient manual handling activities on rates of musculoskeletal injury (MSI), especially in relation to the nursing profession. Indeed, despite the introduction of health and safety legislation (Health and Safety Executive (HSE), 1992), high rates of injury continue (HSE, 2011) and though not discussed in this paper, the problem of MSI is now also increasingly recognised for other professional groups, such as physiotherapy (Chartered Society for Physiotherapy (CSP), 2008). The reasons for the continued problem of MSI in health care workers are complex and thus necessitate the implementation of multi-faceted preventative strategies. These typically address features of the work environment and require the provision of patient handling equipment as well as staff education and training. However, despite measures such as these, it is recognised that ‘moving and handling’ people is an activity which is much more complex than the handling of inanimate loads. Many factors, such as the nature of the care setting, staffing profiles and levels of patient dependency will impact on the way in which practitioners move and handle patients as illustrated by research from the USA (De Ruiter, 2008). Furthermore, manual handling issues become particularly pertinent for practitioners engaged in rehabilitation practice as many patients will have movement problems. A vital part of the rehabilitation process will involve strengthand stamina-building exercises as well as mobility practice. Often a degree of manual handling is needed even if assistive patienthandling equipment is utilised in part to assist the patient. In addition, patients will often need to take some measured risks as they test out their physical abilities. Since many UK
Factors Associated with Mortality Including Nursing Home Transitions: A Retrospective Analysis of 25,418 People Prescribed Anti-Dementia Drugs in Northern Ireland

Background: Understanding factors associated with mortality after a dementia diagnosis can provide essential information to the person with dementia, their family, and caregivers. To date very little is known about the factors associated with mortality after a dementia diagnosis in Northern Ireland. Objective: To determine how demographic and other factors such as deprivation and comorbidity medications influence mortality rates after a dementia diagnosis in Northern Ireland and whether these factors are influenced through nursing home transitions. Methods: 25,418 people prescribed anti-dementia medication were identified through the enhanced prescribing database between 2010 and 2016. The impact of covariates including age, gender, marital status, deprivation measure, urban/rural classification, and comorbidity medications were examined using cox proportional hazard models with hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Between 2010 and 2016, 12,129 deaths occurred, with 114 deaths/1,000 person years. Males had significantly higher mortality rates in comparison to females (HR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.23–1.33); this was true regardless of whether the person with dementia transitioned to a nursing home. People prescribed anti-dementia drugs living with lower levels of deprivation had significantly lower mortality rates in comparison to people living with the highest levels of deprivation (HR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.89–0.97). Diabetic (HR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.07–1.29) and anti-arrhythmic (HR = 2.44; 95% CI = 1.01–5.91) medication in particular significantly influenced mortality. Conclusion: Male gender, higher comorbidity medications, and living in areas of higher deprivation significantly increased mortality rates for people prescribed anti-dementia drugs in our study population. When comorbidity medications were classified, only anti-arrhythmia and diabetic medications significantly increased mortality. Future research should continue to investigate factors which influence mortality after a dementia diagnosis.
Quantitative Proteomics Reveal an Altered Pattern of Protein Expression in Brain Tissue from Mice Lacking GPR37 and GPR37L1.

GPR37 and GPR37L1 are glia-enriched GPCRs that have been implicated in several neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. To gain insight into the potential molecular mechanisms by which GPR37 and GPR37L1 regulate cellular physiology, proteomic analyses of whole mouse brain tissue from wild-type (WT) versus GPR37/GPR37L1 double knockout (DKO) mice were performed in order to identify proteins regulated by the absence versus presence of these receptors (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD015202). These analyses revealed a number of proteins that were significantly increased or decreased by the absence of GPR37 and GPR37L1. One of the most decreased proteins in the DKO versus WT brain tissue was S100A5, a calcium-binding protein, and the reduction of S100A5 expression in KO brain tissue was validated via Western blot. Co-expression of S100A5 with either GPR37 or GPR37L1 in HEK293T cells did not result in any change in S100A5 expression but did robustly increase secretion of S100A5. To dissect the mechanism by which S100A5 secretion was enhanced, cells co-expressing S100A5 with the receptors were treated with different pharmacological reagents. These studies revealed that calcium is essential for the secretion of S100A5 downstream of GPR37 and GPR37L1 signaling, as treatment with BAPTA-AM, an intracellular Ca2+ chelator, reduced S100A5 secretion from transfected HEK293T cells. Collectively these findings provide a panoramic view of proteomic changes resulting from loss of GPR37 and GPR37L1 and also impart mechanistic insight into the regulation of S100A5 by these receptors, thereby shedding light on the functions of GPR37 and GPR37L1 in brain tissue.
Survival Sex Trading in Los Angeles County, California, USA

ABSTRACT Most studies on survival sex, defined as sex trading for money, drugs, or other needs, have limited their focus to adolescents. The current study reports about the relationships between survival sex trading (SST) and high-risk behaviors in a sample of adults. Bivariate analysis shows that HIV-positive status, use of cocaine, ketamine, methamphetamine, heroin, having received drug treatment, and having received medical services are associated with SST. SST are more likely to not use condoms with partners other than their main partner, to have partners who inject drugs and are more likely to use drugs with sex. A logistic regression model included unwanted sexual touching, partner abuse, identifying as bisexual, African American, higher age, gender (women more likely), homelessness, a higher number of sexual partners, having anal sex, injection drug use, HIV seropositivity, crack use, and the likelihood of injecting drugs. The model was retested on independently collected Risk Behavior Assessment (RBA) data and showed significant relationships between survival sex and crack use, gender (women more likely), HIV positivity, identifying as bisexual, having anal sex, African American, and a higher number of sex partners. These findings make it imperative to integrate victimization counseling and HIV education into substance abuse treatment programs.
HIV positive and treated for cancer: The convergence of pressures “invisible” in HIV and “visible” in cancer

Abstract Objective An increasing number of people living with HIV are living longer and experiencing a dual diagnosis of HIV and cancer. Little is known of their experience and quality of care. This paper presents the findings of a study exploring experiences of cancer care, from the perspectives of both patients and healthcare professionals. Methods Thematic analysis of participant narratives provided in longitudinal, semi‐structured interviews with 17 people, recruited from three London sites between 2015 and 2017. Focused ethnography comprising 27 hr of participant observation and seven semi‐structured interviews with healthcare professionals. Results Both HIV and cancer have a powerful, combined impact; in cancer, the impact is visible; in HIV, it is generally hidden. Patients and staff experienced particular challenges in the cancer setting. Patients felt responsible for their HIV management and described being excluded from clinical trials. Both staff and patients encountered difficulties around the management of information relating to HIV. Conclusion This dual diagnosis has a profound and negative effect on patients' experiences and potential outcomes. Improvement depends on interventions that acknowledge the shared social narrative and impact of HIV‐related stigma so that this burden is not carried by the patient alone.