Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Place for Art in Prison: Art as A Tool for Rehabilitation and Management

An accessory mounting assembly for use in a helicopter, the assembly comprising a fitting for attachment to the helicopter in place of or in conjunction with a tail rotor pedal assembly on the flight deck of the helicopter, a post slidably engaged within a large bore in the fitting, and retained in position by a retaining pin. A platform on the second end of the post is used for supporting optional equipment and accessories. Alternatively, additional posts may be interchanged with the post for specialized applications.
Quantifying Institutional Reach Through the Human Network in Natural History Collections

Through the Bloodhound proof-of-concept, https://bloodhound-tracker.net an international audience of collectors and determiners of natural history specimens are engaged in the emotive act of claiming their specimens and attributing other specimens to living and deceased mentors and colleagues. Behind the scenes, these claims build links between Open Researcher and Contributor Identifiers (ORCID, https://orcid.org) or Wikidata identifiers for people and Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) specimen identifiers, predicated by the Darwin Core terms, recordedBy (collected) and identifiedBy (determined). Here we additionally describe the socio-technical challenge in unequivocally resolving people names in legacy specimen data and propose lightweight and reusable solutions. The unique identifiers for the affiliations of active researchers are obtained from ORCID whereas the unique identifiers for institutions where specimens are actively curated are resolved through Wikidata. By constructing closed loops of links between person, specimen, and institution, an interesting suite of potential metrics emerges, all due to the activities of employees and their network of professional relationships. This approach balances a desire for individuals to receive formal recognition for their efforts in natural history collections with that of an institutional-level need to alter budgets in response to easily obtained numeric trends in national and international reach. If handled in a coordinating fashion, this reporting technique may be a significant new driver for specimen digitization efforts on par with Altmetric, https://www.altmetric. com, an important new tool that tracks the impact of publications and delights administrators and authors alike.
Levels, Trends and Differentials of Adolescent Motherhood in Ethiopia

VI II CHAPTER ONE . I . INTRODUCTION . 1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM . 1 1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY . 3 1.2.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE . 3 1.2.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES . 3 1.3. LITERATURE REVIEW . 3 1.3. 1 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS . 3 1.3. 1.1 INTERACTIVE MODEL. 3 1.3. 1.2 RATIONAL CHOICE MODEL. 4 1.3.2 SOCIO-ECONOM IC DETERMINANTS OF ADOLESCENT MOTHERHOOD . 4 , 1.3.2.1 EDUCATION AND ADOLESCENT MOTHERHOOD. 5 1.3.2.2 PLACE OF RESIDENCE AND ADOLESCENT MOTHERHOOD . 5 1.3.2.3 EXPOSURE TO MEDIA AND ADOLESCENT MOTHERHOOD . 6 1.3.2.4 MATERNAL AGE COHORT AND ADOLESCENT MOTHERHOOD . 6 1.3.2.5 EMPLOYMENT AND ADOLESCENT MOTHERHOOD . 6 1.3.2.6 RELIGION AND ADOLESCENT MOTHERHODD . 6 1.3. 3 PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS . 7 1.3. 3. 1 SEXUALITY, MARITAL STATUS AND ADOLESCENT MOTHERHOOD . 7 1.3. 3.2 CONTRACEPTIVE USE AND ADOLESCENT MOTHERHOOD . 7 1.4 ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK . 8 1.5 HYPOTHESES . 10 CHAPTER TWO . II 2. RESEARCH METHODS . II
A Trajectory-Based Approach to Multi-Session Underwater Visual SLAM Using Global Image Signatures

This paper presents a multi-session monocular Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) approach focused on underwater environments. The system is composed of three main blocks: a visual odometer, a loop detector, and an optimizer. Single session loop closings are found by means of feature matching and Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) within a search region. Multi-session loop closings are found by comparing hash-based global image signatures. The optimizer refines the trajectories and joins the different maps. Map joining preserves the trajectory structure by adding a single link between the joined sessions, making it possible to aggregate or disaggregate sessions whenever is necessary. All the optimization processes can be delayed until a certain number of loops has been found in order to reduce the computational cost. Experiments conducted in real subsea scenarios show the quality and robustness of this proposal.
Sand–scrap tyre chip mixtures for improving the dynamic behaviour of retaining walls

ABSTRACT This paper presents the dynamic response of retaining wall models backfilled with different types of sand–tyre chips (STC) mixtures using shaking table tests. The STC mixtures with different tyre chips proportions, such as STC10, STC20, STC30, STC40, STC50 and STC0 (control test) were considered as backfill materials. A 600 mm retaining wall that is produced in a box this is certainly anchored on a shaking table that will produce dynamic excitations. According to the tyre chips content in sand, up to 50% to 65% reduction in wall displacements and 70% to 80% lowering of dynamic earth pressures were observed. The exploratory study reveals the seismic actions of a retaining wall with STC30 backfill over an retaining wall using conventional backfill.
A New Ultrasonic Gas Meter for Household Application

This paper proposes a new ultrasonic gas meter based on the time difference method. The gas flow measurement model is derived to reduce the environmental impact. A fluid pipeline structure is designed to reduce the impact of the flow field on the measurement. The max35104 time measurement chip is selected and the corresponding transmit and receive circuits are designed. Finally, the ultrasonic gas meter is tested in a standard device. The experimental results show that the designed household ultrasonic gas meter has an accuracy rating of 1.5 level.
Assessing Farmers' Perception towards the Effectiveness of Sustainable Land Management Practices in the Teleyayen Sub-Watershed of the Northeastern Highlands of Ethiopia

The main objective of sustainable land management practice is to integrate people’s coexistence with nature over the long-term, so that the provisioning of supporting services of ecosystems. Hence, understanding farmer’s perception on the effectiveness of sustainable land management is vital. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and field observations. Independent-sample t-test, chi-square, percentage, mean and standard deviation were employed to analyze the data. The result of the study indicated that land tenure security problem (32.6%) is one of the major factors affecting farmers land management practices, followed by unaffordable price of fertilizer (27%), lack of assistance from development agents (15.8%), lack of credit access (14%), and negative perception towards land management practices (10.7%). Sixtyfive percent of the focus group discussion participants also reported that the sustainable land management practices conducted in their area is not effective because of farmers’ reluctance to participate in soil and water conservation practices, lack of incentives, poverty, and lack of awareness about the long-term benefits of such practices. Moreover, the chi-square results of gender of the household head (X2=8.716), land tenure security (X2=6.595), and educational status of the household head (X2=11.738), found to be significant in explaining the correlation between farmers’ perception and the effectiveness of sustainable land management practices. Therefore, exploring farmers’ perception towards the effectiveness of sustainable land management practices is helpful because it would improve the quality of the environment so that farmlands will remain productive for a long period of time. Keywords: Ethiopia; Farmers’ perception; Land degradation; Sustainable land management;
Identifying Sensitive Structural and Hydraulic Parameters in a Bridge-Stream Network Under Flood Conditions

The interactions between rivers, surrounding hydrogeological features, and hydraulic structures such as bridges are not well-established or understood at the network scale, especially under transient conditions. The cascading effects of local perturbations upand downstream of hydraulic structures may have significant and far-reaching consequences, and therefore often cause concern among stakeholders. Tropical Storm Irene resulted in hundreds of millions of dollars in losses to infrastructure and property in Vermont, including damage to or failure of over 300 bridges, and considerable stream restoration efforts thereafter. Climate data show that the state is experiencing more frequent and persistent precipitation events, a trend that is predicted to continue. The replacement or re-design needed for hundreds of existing bridges to meet the rigorous hydraulic standards imposed by extreme flood events is likely not a viable proposition. Moreover, the upand downstream impacts of modification of a single structure may extend much farther than anticipated, especially in extreme events. This work presents a framework and methodology to perform such a network-level bridge resiliency analysis beyond detailed characterization of site-specific bridge-stream interactions. The stretch of the Otter Creek from Rutland to Middlebury, VT is used as a test bed for this analysis. A two-dimensional hydraulic model is used to elucidate the impact of individual structures on the bridge-stream network, as well as potential sensitivity to those impacts, during extreme flood events. Depending on their characteristics, bridges and roadways may either attenuate or amplify peak flood flows upand downstream, or have little to no impact at all. Likewise, bridges may or may not be sensitive to any changes in discharge that result from perturbation of existing structures. Alterations to structures that induce substantial backwaters may result in the most dramatic impacts to the network, which can be either positive or negative. Structures that do not experience relief (e.g., roadway overtopping) may be most sensitive to any network perturbations.
Impacts of Hydrological Changes on Nutrient Transport From Diffuse Sources in a Rural River Basin, Western Japan

Increased frequency of heavy rainfall caused by climate change may affect nutrient transport from forests and agricultural lands into downstream rivers. However, little information is available on how the effects of land cover on nutrient concentrations in the downstream rivers change depending on hydrological conditions. To elucidate this, we investigated the effects of changes in precipitation and river discharge on the relationship between river nutrient concentrations (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate, and phosphate) and land cover in eight subbasins of the Hii River basin, western Japan. We hypothesized that coniferous forests and agricultural lands including poorly managed ones, which require thinning and fertilizer management, respectively, contribute to increases in nutrient concentrations in downstream rivers during storms. Linear mixed‐effects model analyses based on 18‐year observation data were used for testing the hypothesis. Results revealed that the slopes of the multiple regression analysis between nutrient concentrations and coniferous and broad‐leaved forest area ratios were negative and decreased with increasing daily precipitation. This suggests that forests contributed to the dilution of river nutrient concentrations during storms regardless of whether they were coniferous or broad leaved. In contrast, the slope of regression between nutrient concentrations and agricultural area ratio revealed the opposite trend, indicating that even a small percentage of agricultural area makes a large contribution to increases in nutrient concentrations as precipitation increases. Our results imply that storm runoff in response to rainfall results in an elevated supply of nitrogen and phosphorus attached to arable soils to the river.
EXPLORATORY STUDY OF URBAN RESILIENCE IN THE REGION OF STUTTGART BASED ON OPENSTREETMAP AND LITERATURE RESILIENCE INDICATORS

Abstract. The overarching nature of building resilience across disciplines and its inherent positive mutual understanding due to the association with the immune system also amongst the non-scientific community, makes it an attractive and increasing popular concept which everybody seems able to grasp its necessity. Hence, there is an exponential increase, even limited down to the key words “urban resilience”, in scientific literature over the last decade. Moreover the concept is also taken up by the New Urban Agenda Habitat III, the SDG goals and the IPCC. Hand in hand with this development the definitions and attempts of operationalization are innumerable. Conjoined, there is a lack of validation of resilience measures, including spatio-temporal aspects but also of the single component of it. Moreover, traditional data sources like census or governmental data miss out on certain important facets making empirical validation impossible and lack the spatio-temporal resolution necessary to cover the characteristics of resilience. Hence, this experimental study explores and develops new spatial indicators through machine learning methods applied to OpenStreetMap data to replicate conventional core indicators. In order to cover all spatial attributes indicators for points, lines and areas are deduced and investigated with supervised and unsupervised algorithms.
Refined magnetostratigraphic position of the Shyrokyne unit in loess sequences from Central Ukraine

The youngest geomagnetic polarity reversal, the Matuyama–Brunhes boundary (MBB), which occurred 780 kyr ago, is a “golden spike” in the age calibration of sediment sequences. The use of palaeomagnetic method as a stratigraphic tool in the study of loess sequences from Ukraine originated some 50 years ago. One major problem in using the available data is the contradictory position of the MBB in different stratigraphic units, which affected historic evolution of thechronostratigraphic models of the Quaternary in Ukraine. The most important units in this regard are the Shyrokyne and Martonosha units, in which the MBB had been defined most often. This paper provides the careful analysis of the previous magnetostratigraphic data and new preliminary results from key loess-palaeosol sections in Central Ukraine. Shyrokyne palaeosol complex in four loesspalaeosol sections located in the Middle Dnieper and Podolia regions has been palaeomagnetically studied. It is shown that the transition zone of the Matuyama–Brunhes palaeomagnetic reversal is most likely located at the base of the soil complex. In the Vyazivok section the MBB has been found in the lowermost part of Shyrokyne palaeosol sh1. Preliminary palaeomagnetic studies of theStari Kaydaky section reveal that the MBB cannot be defined at least above sh1 subunit. Medzhybizh and Holovchyntsi sections were deposited after the Matuyama–Brunhes reversal; however, the palaeomagnetic informativeness of the part of studied strata is doubtful. Magnetostratigraphic position of the Shyrokyne unit below the MBB in some previous studies is explained by methodological reasons and inconsistent chronostratigraphic models. The paper substantiates that normal magnetic polarity zone in the Pryazovya loess and upper part of the Shyrokyne soil is not associated with the influence of secondary processes on the palaeomagnetic record.
Relative moment tensors and deep Yakutat seismicity

We introduce a new relative moment tensor (MT) inversion method for clusters of nearby earthquakes. The method extends previous work by introducing constraints from S-waves that do not require modal decomposition and by employing principal component analysis to produce robust estimates of excitation. At each receiver, P and S waves from each event are independently aligned and decomposed into principal components. P-wave constraints on MTs are obtained from a ratio of coefficients corresponding to the first principal component, equivalent to a relative amplitude. For S waves we produce constraints on MTs involving three events, where one event is described as a linear combination of the other two, and coefficients are derived from the first two principal components. Nonlinear optimization is applied to efficiently find best-fitting tensile-earthquake and double-couple solutions for relative MT systems. Using synthetic data, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the P and S constraints both individually and in combination. We then apply the relative MT inversion to a set of 16 earthquakes from southern Alaska, at ∼125 km depth within the subducted Yakutat terrane. Most events are compatible with a stress tensor dominated by downdip tension, however, we observe several pairs of earthquakes with nearly antiparallel slip implying that the stress regime is heterogeneous and/or faults are extremely weak. The location of these events near the abrupt downdip termination of seismicity and the low-velocity zone suggest that they are caused by weakening via grain-size and volume reduction associated with eclogitization of the lower crustal gabbro layer.
Entamoeba histolytica Infection in Children Aged 0-12 Years in Rural Communities in Anambra State, Nigeria

Entamoeba histolytica infections rank among the most common in a list of communicable and non-communicable diseases affecting school-age population of developing countries worldwide. Epidemiological data on the health status of these groups in rural communities are very limited. Two hundred and thirty (230) children aged 0-12 years were sampled for E. histolytica infection in five communities in Anambra East Local Government Area, a rural setting in Anambra State, southeast Nigeria. The stool samples were examined for cysts of the intestinal protozoan parasite using both saline and iodine preparations. The prevalence of E. histolytica infection was found to be 12.6% (29/230). The prevalence by sex showed that males were more infected with a prevalence of 16.1% (18/112) than females who had a prevalence of 9.3% (11/118), with a chi-square value of 5.082 and p-value of 0.024. This showed that there is an association between sex and the prevalence of E. histolytica . However, prevalence among different age groups showed no association. Also E. histolytica infection was found to be independent of urban and rural communities as the chi-square value of 2.589 and p-value of 0.108 indicated. There is need for improved sanitary and hygienic practices among inhabitants of the area. Keywords : Entamoeba histolytica infections, Anambra State, Prevalence, Children Nigerian Journal of Parasitology , Vol. 33 [2] September 2012, pp. 129-132
Landscape Architecture and The Saudi Arabia Quality of Life Program

Saudi Arabia has for decades felt the effects of the declining condition of its urban, social and natural environments. The government has set out a long-term vision to address these issues through 12 major programs, one of which is the Quality of Life Program 2020. The Program mainly focuses on making Saudi Arabia a top living destination by improving individuals’ lifestyles and enhancing their quality of life. This paper considers the importance of landscape architecture to the Program by way of a literature review to clarify the role of the landscape architecture profession and an analysis of the projects that underlie the Program to highlight the profession’s potential to contribute to these projects.
Possible approaches for estimating fluorinated compounds emissions from textile, carpet, leather and paper industries: basis for future methodological development

Fluorine-based treatment of textiles for waterproofing was introduced in the 1950s (Davies 2014). The first microporous membrane (polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE, also known as TeflonTM) was created in 1969 and the first GORE-TEXTM materials appeared on the market in 1976 (Williams 2018). Since then, fluorochemical finishes have been widely used to functionalize fibres for water or oil repellence, soil and stain release, improving textile breathability, softening, dyeing ability, increasing mechanical strength, providing antibacterial and anti-odour finishes, and for fabricating wrinkle-free materials (Choudhury 2017). Such applications are widespread for the production of home textiles, upholstery furniture, protective clothing with signal colour, tent canvas, outdoor wear, medical textiles and work wear such as uniforms and shoes (Lacasse & Baumann 2004; Schindler & Hauser 2004; Singha 2012; Gulrajani 2013; Roshan 2014).
High Pressure Injection of Chemicals in a Gravel Beach

The remediation of beaches contaminated with oil includes the application of surfactants and/or the application of amendments to enhance oil biodegradation (i.e., bioremediation). This study focused on evaluating the practicability of the high pressure injection (HPI) of dissolved chemicals into the subsurface of a lentic Alaskan beach subjected to a 5 m tidal range. A conservative tracer, lithium, in a lithium bromide (LiBr) solution, was injected into the beach at 1.0 m depth near the mid-tide line. The flow rate was varied between 1.0 and 1.5 L/min, and the resulting injection pressure varied between 3 m and 6 m of water. The concentration of the injected tracer was measured from four surrounding monitoring wells at multiple depths. The HPI associated with a flow rate of 1.5 L/min resulted in a Darcy flux in the cross-shore direction at 1.15 × 10−5 m/s compared to that of 7.5 × 10−6 m/s under normal conditions. The HPI, thus, enhanced the hydraulic conveyance of the beach. The results revealed that the tracer plume dispersed an area of ~12 m2 within 24 h. These results suggest that deep injection of solutions into a gravel beach is a viable approach for remediating beaches.
POLYCENTRIC GOVERNANCE IN NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS: INSIGHTS FROM MELBOURNE URBAN FOREST MANAGERS

Nature-based solutions can help build resilience in urban landscapes. New governance arrangements have been suggested for assisting local governments in implementing nature-based solutions. A dominant nature-based solution initiative is the activities and policies directed at the increase of the number of trees and tree-canopy coverage in a city. This study explores how polycentric governance of urban forests may operate by focusing on how key decision-makers coordinate their priorities and actions in urban forestry decisions. A stakeholder-centered view on polycentric governance is taken, specifically focused on the view of municipal managers, to develop a better understanding of the social systems behind the implementation of nature-based solutions. This was done by using social data elicited from 19 in-depth interviews with urban forest managers working in nine local councils in Greater Melbourne, Australia. The data analyses show that the most important decisions that municipal managers make, and where other stakeholders have the most influence, relate to tree removal for developments, significant tree retention, tree planting for site renewal, and ageing trees removal. The most important stakeholders influencing these decisions include other municipal departmental units, developers, state actors, and residents. Non-governmental greening groups do not play a very important role. Various types of coordination, such as the ones between municipal departments, between non-governmental stakeholders (especially developers and residents), between state government policies, as well as public consultation, are needed to better mobilize stakeholders’ influence and input. Capitalizing on greening groups that aim to retain trees in urban areas, not just planting more trees, can potentially support the current decisions made by municipal managers, which respond to urbanization pressures