Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytical modeling of carbon nanotubes effects and their distribution patterns on the low velocity impact response of sandwich panels

In this paper, the effects of carbon nanotubes and their distribution patterns on low velocity impact response in sandwich panels are investigated. At first, the effects of carbon nanotubes and their distribution patterns on mechanical properties of sandwich panels will be obtained; then, for modeling the impact dynamics, the three-degree freedom mass-spring model has been used in which the effects of transverse flexibility of core are considered. To obtain the mechanical properties of sandwich panels, the effective properties of carbon nanotubes are calculated utilizing a composite cylinder micromechanics technique as a first step; then, these effective properties are used in the Mori–Tanaka methods to obtain elastic moduli of face sheets consisting of aligned or randomly oriented straight carbon nanotubes. After examining the validity of the present solution, the consequences of distribution patterns of carbon nanotubes, volume fraction of carbon nanotubes and initial velocity of the impactor are studied in detail.
Colonization of fiber-glass plates by benthic diatoms from subtidal sediment off the coast of Yucatan, Mexico

Benthic diatoms thrive in many types of substrata, either natural or alternative such as the surfaces of large and small boats in which colonization by micro- and macro-organisms (fouling) represents an important economic and environmental problem. Addressing this issue is difficult given the scarce information on benthic diatoms one of the main micro-fouling settlers. Thus, this study aimss to describe the colonization process by diatoms on fiber-glass plates and construct a floristic list of the diatom taxa growing both on these surfaces and their likely source the subtidal bottom sediment. The study was conducted at a coastal site off Telchac, Yucatan (Mexico), where fiber-glass plates were laid over the bottom sediment at a depth of 10 m during four months. Sampling was carried out over successive spaced points in time (1st, 3rd, 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th weeks) after the initial immersion of the plates. At the end 88 taxa growing on the plates and sediment were identified, the most abundant ones being Cocconeis scutellum var. parva, Cymatosira lorenziana, Paralia sulcata, Delphineis surirella var. australis, Actinoptychus senarius, Grammatophora marina and Shionodiscus oestrupii. Included were two new records for the Mexican littorals: Cocconeis latestriata and Navicula uniseriata. Overall species composition differs from previous studies in the area, to which forty-seven taxa are added here, increasing their total number to 210. Our results show the changes in the species composition of the taxocenosis over time, during the initial colonization period, i.e., the period during which there is no intense competition for space. The high percentage of common species between the plates and sediment (similarity) support the hypothesis that subtidal sediment is the most likely source for diatoms colonizing the plates.
Role of orbital hybridization in the magnetism of nanoscale oxides

Orbital degrees of freedom, coupled with the spin of an electron, play a fundamental role in magnetism. In this dissertation, I present an answer to an open question in the magnetism of nanoscale oxide systems: When oxygen ions surround a metal ion, what is the role of metal ions hybridized with oxygen in the magnetism? To begin with, two different classes of materials that are mixed valent in nature were chosen (d electron rich and d systems) for this study, and their electronic structure and magnetism probed using atomic, elemental, and bulk sensitive techniques. Using x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism of Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4 (d electron rich) the origin of magnetic moment is associated to the spin of the electrons. The orbital angular momentum was mostly quenched due to the crystal field splitting of the d orbitals. In-situ magnetic susceptibility measurements performed under oxygen rich and oxygen deficient environments showed that partial pressure of oxygen disrupts the exchange pathway of Fe/Co – O – Fe/Co, leading to an enhancement of magnetization in CoFe2O4 compared to Fe3O4. In d 0 systems (CeO2 shapes) the in-situ magnetic susceptibility measurements showed that depending on the amount of oxygen present in the lattice and surface of the nanoce-
A global analysis of the impact of zero‐tillage on soil physical condition, organic carbon content, and plant root response

Food security involves the sustainable utilization of soil and land resources. Zero‐tillage (ZT) practice is a proponent of better resource utilization, to improve soil physical condition, and a potential sink to atmospheric carbon. However, the impact varies across climates, over the ZT history, cropping systems, and soil depths. A meta‐analysis was performed, based on 4,131 paired data from 522 studies spread globally, to evaluate the effect of ZT in comparison to conventional tillage, on soil physical condition (bulk density; mean weight diameter of aggregates; field capacity water content; and steady‐state infiltration rate), soil organic carbon (SOC) content, and the root response (root length density). Zero‐tillage significantly improved mean weight diameter of aggregates and field capacity water content at surface and subsurface layers by 19–58% and 6–16%, respectively, and resulted in no change in bulk density in either of the layers, but infiltration rate increased by 66%. Surface 0‐ to 5‐ and 5‐ to 10‐cm layers had significantly higher SOC content under ZT, whereas in other layers, the SOC content either reduced or did not change, resulting in a small and insignificant variation in the SOC stock (~1.1%) in favor of ZT. The root length density improved by ~35% in ZT only at 0‐ to 5‐cm soil depth. Effect of climate, soil type, or cropping system could not be broadly recognized, but the impact of ZT certainly increased over time. Improvements in soil aggregation and hydraulic properties are highly convincing with the adoption of ZT, and therefore, this practice leads to the better and sustainable use of soil resources.
ROLE OF IRON METABOLISM IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS

Iron metabolism is closely related to carcinogenesis. In this study, iron, ferritin and TIBC were analysed in 30 patients of early stage, 30 of advanced stage breast carcinoma before and after treatment and the results were compared with 30 healthy controls. The levels of all the three parameters were found to be significantly higher in breast cancer patients as compared to healthy controls and patients with advanced disease showed greater values as compared to early stage disease. These levels decreased after treatment and the difference was more significant in patients with complete response. Serum analyses of iron, ferritin and TIBC may help in assessing the severity and prognosis of the disease.
Vascular Access for Hemodialysis: When and how?

Abstract As chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses to the terminal stage, proper actions must be taken to prepare the patient for the initiation of the renal replacement therapy (RRT). If hemodialysis is an option for RRT, decisions should be made about the right vascular access for each individual patient. The available options for vascular access include the use of native arteriovenous fistulas (AVF), synthetic arteriovenous grafts (AVG) and double lumen dialysis catheters. With the help of ultrasound mapping, chances for choosing a right access are today very high. For hemodialysis patients the selection of the proper vascular access is of vital issue in regard of preventing complications and unnecessary procedures. Planning, creation and monitoring of the vascular access in dialysis patients should involve not only the nephrologist, but also the vascular surgeon and the interventional radiologist. Thus, multidisciplinary approach should be taken, in order to choose the way that has the most advantages and the least damage for the patient. That is the proper mode for hemodialysis patients to have longer and better quality of life.
Experimental set-up for realising long-range interaction using strontium atoms in an optical lattice

Ultracold interacting gases represent a new and exciting frontier for technological applications, such as quantum information processing, and they also offer an ideal test bench for condensed matter systems. This work examines the case of atoms in the alkaline earth metal family. These atoms can exhibit long-range dipolar interactions, generated via coherent exchange of photons on the 3P0 ! 3D1 transition. In particular, the progress in realising an experiment to study this coherent exchange of atoms in bosonic strontium is discussed. A review of the experimental techniques developed over the last 50 years to cool, manipulate and study atoms and molecules used in long-range interaction experiments is given from a historical viewpoint. Techniques to laser cool and trap atomic strontium are described, and a novel study of different geometries for magneto-optical traps (MOTs) is presented. This thesis describes the long-range interaction strontium experiment under development at the University of Birmingham. In particular, the characterisation of a self assembled Zeeman slower is presented, along with a novel repump scheme for the first stage of cooling using the 3P0 ! 3D1 transition. This work also reports the use of the 3P1 ! 3S1 transition to populate the 3P0 level, and the realisation of a monolithic (Interference Filter External Cavity Diode Laser) IFECDL. The new techniques that I present here have the potential to facilitate future studies of long-range interaction in strontium and other cold atoms experiments.
Lithology characterisation of the roof and floor of the Moranbah measures coal seam using post-stack and pre-stack seismic inversion

Summary 3D seismic technology has become a popular exploration and development tool among coal mining companies in Australia in the last ten years. Traditionally the main use of these seismic data is to inform the mine of the structural features such as faults, rolls and dykes. There have been very few attempts to use quantitative seismic interpretation to help understand geological risks ahead of longwall mining. The purpose of this paper is to provide an example of roof and floor characterisation using post-stack and prestack seismic inversion. First step in the study was to understand the relationship between elastic and rock properties using log data. Thus, when looking at the relationship between lithology/gamma ray response and compressional impedance I observed that massive, blocky sandstones have high velocity and density and hence high compressional impedance, while siltstones, claystones and fine-grained sands have low density, velocity and low compressional impedance. Lithology discriminators lambda-rho and mu-rho crossplots also showed good separation of blocky clean, sands and soft fine-grained sands. As a second step I ran pre-stack and post-stack inversions using a small subset of the boreholes. Thirdly, upon reviewing products of the inversions against all log data, I found the pre-stack results to be more superior than the post-stack. The current work highlighted a few areas of blocky sandstone roof and weak floor. This information could be used to inform the future mine operations and design.
Spatial pattern and temporal trend of land degradation in the Heihe River Basin of China using local net primary production scaling

Biophysical processes and people's livelihoods largely depend on ecosystem productivity; thus, land degradation is harmful for local sustainable development. Most previous assessments of land degradation used a comprehensive index system or trend analysis without localized benchmarks; thus, they were not fully objective. Here, we assessed the land degradation in the Heihe River Basin (HRB), China using the local net primary production (NPP) scaling (LNS) method. We improved the method by dividing land capability classes (LCC) using remote sensing data, and determining the reference NPP for each LCC to represent the productivity under optimal environmental conditions. To assess the extent, severity and trend of land degradation, we obtained LNS percent values which was defined as the ratio of present NPP to reference NPP. We categorized our identified land degradation hotspots, determined their causes and proposed potential strategies for land conservation. Our results showed that nearly one quarter of the area was degraded land, mainly located in the upper stream. The average NPP was 35.75% lower than the reference NPP, with a reduction amount of 0.82 GgC yr−1. Only the lower stream showed a significant decreasing trend in LNS percent values. The areas with a positive trend in LNS percent values were primarily observed in the middle stream croplands. We found the degradation condition deteriorated first and recovered later in the HRB. Land use change contributed more than climate change to the local NPP of the degraded areas. Our research provides a more general framework for assessing land productivity reduction induced by anthropogenic and natural processes in the drylands.
Nanocomposite and Its Morphological Characterization -Review

In the wider field of nanotechnology, nanocomposites have attracted a great deal of attention and, due to the enhanced mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of the weld with modulus, strength and dimensional stability of the nanocomposite, they find increased use for various applications in several industries. Metallic and ceramic nanocomposites were used at an earlier stage of development to solve the dangerous issue of optimizing nanomaterial dispersal in matrices. Nanocomposites are currently finding uses in many fields. However, there are also some disadvantages to these characteristics such as optical issues dispersion difficulties, the color black display when different carbon containing nanocomposite are used viscosity increase and sediments. This finding review more about scope of nanocomposite and its morphological structural characterization that make it more suitable in its application.
SISTEM PENDINGIN MENGGUNAKAN THERMO-ELECTRIC COOLER DENGAN KONTROLER PROPORTIONAL-INTEGRALDERIVATIVE

The cooling is one of the processes can be used for various types of applications, starting from maintaining food industry products and medical products such as drugs and vaccines. The cooling process now still uses compression-based preservation technology using cooling gas. The types of cooling gas used are R134a and R600a, however the R134a contains HFCs which has been banned for used and the R600a contains HF gas which can reduce the ozone layer. The current study designed hardware and software that is applied to thermoelectric coolers (TEC), i.e. it was designed a device used for the air conditioning system using a thermoelectric cooler with a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller. This system used several tools such as temperature sensors, transistor with TIP31 type, bluetooth module, fan, and ATSAM3X8E microcontroller. In this study, temperature control was carried out based on the desired set-point temperature and temperature of the sensor. From this study, it can be found that the greater value of the voltage given, the greater the value of the Pulse Wave Modulation (PWM) will be produced. The higher value of PWM, the faster the temperature decreases in the cooler. From several tests, it can be concluded that the values of proportional control parameter (K p ) of 2.55, integral control parameter (K i ) of 100 and deferential control parameter (K d ) of 200, more stable graph is obtained and close to the set-point value, with an error value of 2.86%. Keywords : Cooling, thermoelectric, gas, controller, temperature
Resistance of Tension Brace in Plug & Play N Shape RHS Truss Connection

The paper presents concept of RHS truss with N-shape connections in the plug & play form, made in non-welded technology. The proce dur of calculating the resistance of tension brace truss connection was pr e ented, using the component method. The results of obtained resistance of joint was compared with the tension bracing RHS strut resistance and the usefulness of t he concept considered was determined.
Characterization Membrane Composition Of PVA-Enzyme Coating PVC-KTpClPB As Urea Sensor With UV-VIS, SEM-EDX and XRD

Potentiometrie ion sensor (ISE) is very attractive because of its small size, easy to carry, more durable, and miniature easy to use. ISE consists of an indicator electrode and a reference electrode located in an electrolyte solution. Potentiometric electrodes and electrochemical properties can be achieved through membrane synthesis and selectivity by the interaction of primary ions with respect to cavity size, molecular geometry and types of functional groups leading to the interaction between electrolyte solutions, membranes and indicator electrodes with reference electrodes. Indicator electrodes function as urea analytes. Potentiometric characteristics are significantly dependent on the composition of the membrane, the nature of the plasticizers. Characterization of membrane composition was carried out using (UV-Vis, SEM-EDX, and XRD). Characterization of PVA membrane : PVC in the composition of 1 : 1 of 0.0350 g PVA and plasticizer 0.0700 g KTpClPB variation of membrane electrode layer and enzyme 1 mg. The optimum amount of diffraction intensity is obtained from PVA E 4X PVC-KTpClPB 0.0700.
Quality of life outcomes of combination zalcitabine-zidovudine, saquinavir-zidovudine, and saquinavir-zalcitabine-zidovudine therapy for HIV-infected adults with CD4 cell counts between 50 and 350 per cubic millimeter

BACKGROUND: This double-blind study evaluated treatment with zalcitabine-zidovudine, saquinavir-zidovudine, or saquinavir-zalcitabine-zidovudine on the health-related quality of life of HIV-infected adults with CD4 cell counts between 50 and 350 cells/mm3. METHODS: Nine hundred and ninety-three HIV-infected male or female quality of life substudy patients aged 18 years or older, with CD4 cell counts between 50 and 350 cells/mm3 naive to antiretroviral therapy or with less than 16 weeks of zidovudine therapy, were randomly assigned to one of three daily regimens: zalcitabine 0.75 mg and zidovudine 200 mg every 8 h (ddC/ZDV); saquinavir 600 mg and zidovudine 200 mg every 8 h (SQV/ZDV); or saquinavir 600 mg, zalcitabine 0.75 mg and zidovudine 200 mg every 8 h (SQV/ddC/ZDV). The health-related quality of life was measured using the Medical Outcome Study HIV (MOS-HIV) Health Survey subscale and physical and mental health summary scores, and a global visual analogue scale (VAS) score. The primary health-related quality of life endpoints were the MOS-HIV physical and mental health summary scores. RESULTS: After 24 weeks of treatment, no statistically significant differences were observed between the three treatment groups on physical health and mental health summary scores (global test P = 0.118). After 48 weeks of treatment, statistically significant differences among the groups were observed for physical health and mental health summary scores (global test P = 0.020); no change in physical health summary scores from the baseline were seen in the triple combination therapy, whereas the ddC/ZDV combination therapy group showed decreases from baseline in physical health summary scores (P = 0.008). Six of the 10 individual MOS-HIV subscale scores and the VAS scores showed results consistent with the physical health summary endpoints after 48 weeks of therapy. No statistically significant differences in baseline to 48 week changes in MOS-HIV subscale or summary scores were seen between the ddC/ZDV and SQV/ZDV groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients on triple combination therapy maintained their quality of life over 48 weeks compared with significant decreases in the quality of life for ddC/ZDV combination therapy.
Submesoscales Enhance Storm‐Driven Vertical Mixing of Nutrients: Insights From a Biogeochemical Large Eddy Simulation

Storms deepen the mixed layer, entrain nutrients from the pycnocline, and fuel phytoplankton blooms in midlatitude oceans. However, the effects of oceanic submesoscale (0.1–10 km horizontal scale) physical heterogeneity on the physical-biogeochemical response to a storm are not well understood. Here, we explore these effects numerically in a Biogeochemical Large Eddy Simulation (BLES), where a four-component biogeochemical model is coupled with a physical model that resolves some submesoscales and some smaller turbulent scales (2 km to 2 m) in an idealized storm forcing scenario. Results are obtained via comparisons to BLES in smaller domains that do not resolve submesoscales and to one-dimensional column simulations with the same biogeochemical model, initial conditions, and boundary conditions but parameterized turbulence and submesoscales. These comparisons show different behaviors during and shortly after the storm. During the storm, resolved submesoscales double the vertical nutrient flux. The vertical diffusivity is increased by a factor of 10 near the mixed layer base, and the mixing-induced increase in potential energy is double. Resolved submesoscales also enhance horizontal nutrient and phytoplankton variance by a factor of 10. After the storm, resolved submesoscales maintain higher nutrient and phytoplankton variance within the mixed layer. However, submesoscales reduce net vertical nutrient fluxes by 50% and nearly shut off the turbulent diffusivity. Over the whole scenario, resolved submesoscales double storm-driven biological production. Current parameterizations of submesoscales and turbulence fail to capture both the enhanced nutrient flux during the storm and the enhanced biological production.
Phylogenetic classification supports a Northeastern Amazonian Proto-Tupí-Guaraní Homeland

The question of where Proto-Tupí-Guaraní (PTG) was spoken has been a point of considerable debate. Both northeastern and southwestern Amazonian homelands having been proposed, with evidence from both archaeology and linguistic classification playing key roles in this debate. In this paper we demonstrate that the application of linguistic migration theory to a recent phylogenetic classification of the Tupí-Guaraní family lends strong support to a northeastern Amazonian homeland.
Ground-Based High-Resolution Infrared and Submillimeter Searches for the Release of Volcanic Gases on Mars

Recent volcanic activity has long been considered a distinct possibility that would place major constraints on the evolution of Mars’ interior. Volcanic activity would result in the outgassing of sulfur-bearing species. As part of our multi-band search for active release of volcanic gases on Mars, we looked for carbonyl sulfide (OCS) at its combination band (ν1+ν3) at 3.42 μm (2924 cm−1), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) at 346.652 GHz, in two successive Mars years during its late Northern spring and mid Northern summer seasons (Ls= 43◦-144◦). The targeted volcanic districts, Tharsis and Syrtis Major, were observed during two intervals, 15 Dec. 2011 to 6 Jan. 2012 in the first year, and 23 May 2014 to 12 June 2014 in the second year using the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF), and the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) atop Maunakea, Hawaii. We report our results and discuss their implications for current volcanic outgassing on the red planet.