Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
JCB_201408090 1..10

Tissue damage and repair involves the complex interactions between different populations of cells and their coordinated cell movement (Nathan, 2006; Silva, 2010; Sindrilaru and Scharffetter-Kochanek, 2013; Abtin et al., 2014). The mechanisms through which these interactions are orchestrated to mediate resolution of inflammation, a key step in tissue repair, remain largely unknown (Nathan and Ding, 2010). The resolution of neutrophil-mediated inflammation was classically thought to occur through controlled apoptosis (Ortega-Gómez et al., 2013). However, recent work has established that migration of neutrophils out of inflamed tissues, termed neutrophil reverse migration, is a key mechanism of local resolution (Mathias et al., 2006; Woodfin et al., 2011; Starnes and Huttenlocher, 2012; Robertson et al., 2014). Macrophages are known to regulate the resolution of neutrophil-mediated inflammation through phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils (Bratton and Henson, 2011). However, the role of macrophage–neutrophil interactions in reverse migration-mediated resolution is unknown. We took advantage of transparent zebrafish larvae to manipulate interactions between neutrophils and macrophages and identified a neutrophil-repelling role for macrophages during the resolution of neutrophil-mediated inflammation.
Exploring Novel Enzymology In Bacterial Metabolism: Cysteine Synthase, Urate Oxidase, And Bacimethrin Biosynthesis.

2005 – 2009 Graduate Research Assistant, Cornell University Projects: Pre-steady-state kinetic studies on CysM, a cysteine synthase from M. tuberculosis. Biochemical characterization of HpxO, a novel flavin-dependent urate oxidase from Klebsiella pneumoniae. Investigation of the trapping of a glycosyl cation at the active site of crystals of uridine phosphorylase from Escherichia coli and Bos taurus. Studies on the biosynthesis of bacimethrin. Studies on the mechanism of formation of the DNA dimeric thymine lesion known as the “spore photoproduct”. Advisor: Tadhg P. Begley
The impact of changes in diagnostic testing practices on estimates of COVID-19 transmission in the United States

Estimates of the reproductive number for novel pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 are essential for understanding the potential trajectory of the epidemic and the level of intervention that is needed to bring the epidemic under control. However, most methods for estimating the basic reproductive number (R0) and time-varying effective reproductive number (Rt) assume that the fraction of cases detected and reported is constant through time. We explore the impact of secular changes in diagnostic testing and reporting on estimates of R0 and Rt using simulated data. We then compare these patterns to data on reported cases of COVID-19 and testing practices from different United States (US) states. We find that changes in testing practices and delays in reporting can result in biased estimates of R0 and Rt. Examination of changes in the daily number of tests conducted and the percent of patients testing positive may be helpful for identifying the potential direction of bias. Changes in diagnostic testing and reporting processes should be monitored and taken into consideration when interpreting estimates of the reproductive number of COVID-19.
Compact multichannel spectroscopic label-free biosensor platform for plant diseases point-of-care testing (POCT)

The POCT technology involving low cost Lab-On-Chip label-free biosensing opens up an opportunity to drastically reduce the total cost of plant health and disease monitoring tools. The main requirement for a POCT tool is that it should involve relatively inexpensive equipment ensuring a sufficiently high accuracy of the plant disease early diagnostic. The principal objective of the presented work was to develop of a cost effective tool for biosensing assay, easy to use even for unskilled user. The label-free biosensing involving an optical near-field resonance phenomenon, such as Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) or localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), appears to be an appropriate approach for the above requirements. In this paper, we present a concept of multichannel biosensing platform dedicated to POCT, as well as the first proof-of-concept experimental investigations, demonstrating its practical feasibility. The instrumental platform investigated by our research group includes both disposable multichannel biochip and spectroscopic optical readout device. The proposed approach gives access to two plasmonic detection formats on the same lab-on-chip device: SPR and LSPR biosensing. In order to implement the LSPR sensing approach, our team has developed an original microfabrication method involving gold nanoparticles (Au_NPs) synthesis by pulsed laser writing. The biochip includes both microfluidic and biosensor structures formed into a single plastic slab.
Chronic Presence of Oligomeric Aβ Differentially Modulates Spine Parameters in the Hippocampus and Cortex of Mice With Low APP Transgene Expression

Alzheimer’s disease is regarded as a synaptopathy with a long presymptomatic phase. Soluble, oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβ) is thought to play a causative role in this disease, which eventually leads to cognitive decline. However, most animal studies have employed mice expressing high levels of the Aβ precursor protein (APP) transgene to drive pathology. Here, to understand how the principal neurons in different brain regions cope with moderate, chronically present levels of Aβ, we employed transgenic mice expressing equal levels of mouse and human APP carrying a combination of three familial AD (FAD)-linked mutations (Swedish, Dutch, and London), that develop plaques only in old age. We analyzed dendritic spine parameters in hippocampal and cortical brain regions after targeted expression of EGFP to allow high-resolution imaging, followed by algorithm-based evaluation of mice of both sexes from adolescence to old age. We report that Aβ species gradually accumulated throughout the life of APPSDL mice, but not the oligomeric forms, and that the amount of membrane-associated oligomers decreased at the onset of plaque formation. We observed an age-dependent loss of thin spines under most conditions as an indicator of a loss of synaptic plasticity in older mice. We further found that hippocampal pyramidal neurons respond to increased Aβ levels by lowering spine density and shifting spine morphology, which reached significance in the CA1 subfield. In contrast, the spine density in cortical pyramidal neurons of APPSDL mice was unchanged. We also observed an increase in the protein levels of PSD-95 and Arc in the hippocampus and cortex, respectively. Our data demonstrated that increased concentrations of Aβ have diverse effects on dendritic spines in the brain and suggest that hippocampal and cortical neurons have different adaptive and compensatory capacity during their lifetime. Our data also indicated that spine morphology differs between sexes in a region-specific manner.
Correlative imaging of single carbon nanotubes and fluorescently labelled neuronal structures in the extracellular space of live brains

The brain extracellular space (ECS) is a complex network that constitutes a key microenvironment for cellular communication, homeostasis, and clearance of toxic metabolites1. Signaling molecules, neuromodulators, and nutrients transit via the ECS, therefore mediating the communication between cells. Despite the relevance of this important part of the brain, its dynamics and structural organization at the nanoscale is still mostly unknown2. We have recently demonstrated that single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can be used to image and probe live brain tissue, providing super-resolved maps of the brain ECS and quantitative information on the local diffusion environment3,4. Here, we propose an important refinement of this approach by implementing a structured illumination technique (named HiLo microscopy5) to image fluorescently labelled neuronal structures in parallel to SWCNT NIR imaging. This technique is based on speckle illumination and relies on the acquisition of one structured and one uniform illumination image to obtain images deep into tissues with good optical sectioning. Having access to spatially resolved SWCNT diffusivity around specific neuronal structures will provide more precise insights about the heterogeneity of the brain environment.
Early epidemiological and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in Japan

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses -2 (SARS-COV2) named as COVID-19 had spread worldwide and leading to 1,210,956 confirmed cases and 67,594 deaths Methods: A data of 1192 confirmed cases and 43 deaths due to COVID-19 in Japan collected from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan and analysed for different epidemiological parameters and their clinical manifestations. We used Clauset-Newman-Moore (CNM) clustering algorithm to develop web-network of confirmed cases to identified clusters of community transmission. Results: Out of 1192 confirmed cases, 90.60% were symptomatic and 9.39% were asymptomatic. The prevalence of COVID19 in males was 56.29% and 43.20 % in females. The mean interval (SD) from symptom onset to diagnosis was 6-22.6 days while mean interval (SD) from contact to onset of symptoms was 5-19.5 days. People of age range 40-79 were more infected and deaths median age was 80. The main symptoms were fever, dry cough, fatigue and pneumonia. The main infected cities were Tokyo (195/1192, 16.35%), Hokkaido (160/1192 13.42%), Aichi (150/1192, 12.58%) and Osaka (145/1192, 12.16%). Only 2.34% cases had travel history from Wuhan China and Osaka music concert was identify as main cluster for community transmission. While 556 (46.64%) cases were clinically diagnosed and 557 (46.72%) were confirmed by using RT-PCR. Conclusions: Other than, declare emergency Japan need to change their approach of diagnosing COVID-19, as asymptomatic cases prevalence is high and maybe it is reason for current sudden increase of cases. Screening centre should be establish away from hospitals, which are treating positive cases.
Antimicrobial, biocompatibility, and physicochemical properties of novel adhesive methacrylate dental monomers

For the advancement of Class V restoratives, our goal was to evaluate the physicochemical and mechanical properties, antimicrobial functionality, and cytotoxic potential of novel antimicrobial copolymers. 5-Carboxy-N-(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)-N,N-dimethylpentan-1-aminium bromide (AMadh1) and 10-carboxy-N-(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)-N,N-dimethyldecan-1-aminium bromide (AMadh2) were incorporated into light-curable urethane dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol–extended urethane dimethacrylate, ethyl 2-(hydroxymethyl) acrylate resin (UPE resin). In the AMadhs-UPE resin, the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance, degree of vinyl conversion, flexural strength, elastic modulus, and shear bond strength were assessed. Antimicrobial properties were measured using Streptococcus mutans (planktonic and biofilm). Cytotoxicity was tested using human gingival fibroblasts and mouse connective tissue fibroblasts (ATCC® CCL-1™) exposed to two-fold serial dilutions (≤10.6 mmol/L AMadh1 or ≤8.8 mmol/L AMadh2). At 10% mass of AMadh, the attained degree of vinyl conversion values (AMadh1 = 90.1% and AMadh2 = 88.5%) were not statistically different from the UPE resin (88.1%). At both AMadh levels, the flexural strength was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Elastic modulus and contact angle were not significantly affected by AMadh1. Variations in elastic modulus and contact angle were observed with AMadh2; however, this does not disqualify it in future design of Class V restoratives. Compared to UPE resin, AMadh1-UPE and AMadh2-UPE (10% mass) copolymers reduced S. mutans biofilm 4.2- and 1.6-fold, respectively (p ≤ 0.006). In direct contact with human gingival fibroblasts or ATCC CCL-1 cells, at biologically relevant concentrations, the AMadhs did not adversely affect cell viability or their metabolic activity. This effort addresses a significant oral health issue associated with elderly populations. Its successful completion is expected to yield dental restoratives with well-controlled biofunction.
Genetic Connectedness Between Norwegian White Sheep and New Zealand Composite Sheep Populations With Similar Development History

The Norwegian White sheep (NWS) and New Zealand Terminal Sire Composite (NZC) sheep breeds have been developed based on crossing of multiple breeds, mainly of Northern European origin. A close genetic relationship between these populations could enable across-country genomic evaluations. The main objectives of this study were to assess the genetic connectedness between Norwegian and New Zealand sheep populations and estimate numerous genetic diversity metrics for these two populations. A total of 792 NWS and 16,912 NZC animals were genotyped using a high-density Illumina SNP chip panel (∼606K SNPs). The NZC animals were grouped based on their breed composition as: Finn, Lamb Supreme, Primera, Texel, “Other Dual Purpose”, and “Other Terminal Sire”. The average level of linkage disequilibrium ranged from 0.156 (for Primera) to 0.231 (for Finn). The lowest consistency of gametic phase was estimated between NWS and Finn (0.397), and between NWS and Texel (0.443), respectively. Similar consistency of gametic phase was estimated between NWS and the other NZC populations (∼ 0.52). For all composite sheep populations analyzed in this study, the majority of runs of homozygosity (ROH) segments identified had short length (<2,500 kb), indicating ancient (instead of recent) inbreeding. The variation in the number of ROH segments observed in the NWS was similar to the variation observed in Primera and Lamb Supreme. There was no clear discrimination between NWS and NZC based on the first few principal components. In addition, based on admixture analyses, there seems to be a significant overlap of the ancestral populations that contributed to the development of both NWS and NZC. There were no evident signatures of selection in these populations, which might be due to recent crossbreeding. In conclusion, the NWS composite breed was shown to be moderately related to NZC populations, especially Primera and Lamb Supreme. The findings reported here indicate a promising opportunity for collaborative genomic analyses involving NWS and NZC sheep populations.
Meal Regularity Plays a Role in Shaping the Saliva Microbiota

Background Diet may influence health directly or indirectly via the human microbiota, emphasizing the need to unravel these complex relationships for future health benefits. Associations between eating habits and gut microbiota have been shown, but less is known about the association between eating habits and saliva microbiota. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate if eating habits and meal patterns are associated with the saliva microbiota. Methods In total, 842 adolescents, aged 11–14 years, from the Finnish Health in Teens (Fin-HIT) study cohort were included in this study. Eating habits and breakfast and dinner patterns were derived from a web-based questionnaire answered in school. Three major eating habit groups were identified: fruit and vegetable avoiders (FV avoiders), healthy and unhealthy. Microbiota profiles were produced from 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4) sequencing of DNA from the saliva samples. Statistical models were adjusted for gender, age, parental language, body mass index (BMI) categories, and sequencing depth. Results Regular breakfast eaters had a higher alpha diversity (Shannon index with mean (standard error of means) 2.27 (0.03) vs. 2.22 (0.03), p = 0.06, inverse Simpson’s index with 6.27 (0.17) vs. 5.80 (0.02), p = 0.01), and slight differences in bacterial composition (PERMANOVA: p = 0.001) compared with irregular breakfast eaters. A similar trend in alpha diversity was observed between regular and irregular dinner eaters (Shannon index with 2.27 (0.03) vs. 2.22 (0.03), p = 0.054, inverse Simpson’s index with 6.23 (0.17) vs. 6.04 (0.22), p = 0.28), while no difference was found in composition (PERMANOVA: p = 0.08). No differences were identified between eating habit groups and saliva microbiota diversity (Shannon index p = 0.77, inverse Simpson’s index p = 0.94) or composition (PERMANOVA: p = 0.13). FV avoiders, irregular breakfast eaters and irregular dinner eaters had high abundances of Prevotella. Conclusion Regularity of eating, especially breakfast eating, was associated with more diverse saliva microbiota and different composition compared with irregular eaters. However, the dissimilarities in composition were small between regular and irregular breakfast eaters. Our results suggest that Prevotella abundances in saliva were common in FV avoiders and meal skippers. However, the clinical implications of these findings need to be evaluated in future studies.
PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE

Purpose and Objectives Multisector collaboration is a widely promoted strategy to increase equitable availability, access, and use of healthy foods, safe places for physical activity, social supports, and preventive health care services. Yet fewer studies and resources exist for collaboration among governmental and nongovernmental agencies to address public problems in rural areas, despite an excess burden of risk factors for cancer morbidity and mortality. We aimed to learn about cancer prevention activities and collaboration facilitators among rural informal interagency networks. Evaluation Methods In 2020, researchers conducted semistructured interviews with staff from rural public health and social services agencies, community health centers, and extension offices. Agency staff were from 5 service areas across 27 rural counties in Missouri and Illinois with high poverty rates and excess cancer risks and mortality. We conducted a thematic analysis to code interview transcripts and identify key themes. Results Exchanging information, cohosting annual or one-time events, and promoting other agencies’ services and programs were the most commonly described collaborative activities among the 32 participants interviewed. Participants indicated a desire to improve collaborations by writing more grants together to codevelop ongoing prevention programs and further share resources. Participants expressed needs to increase community outreach, improve referral systems, and expand screenings. We identified 5 facilitator themes: commitment to address community needs, mutual willingness to collaborate, long-standing relationships, smaller community structures, and necessity of leveraging limited resources. Challenges included lack of funding and time, long travel distances, competing priorities, difficulty replacing staff in remote communities, and jurisdictional boundaries. Although the COVID19 pandemic further limited staff availability for collaboration, participants noted benefits of remote collaborative meetings. Implications for Public Health Rural areas need consistent funding and other resources to support health-improving multisector initiatives. Existing strengths found in the rural underresourced areas can facilitate multisector The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors’ affiliated institutions. This publication is in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from this work may be reprinted freely. Use of these materials should be properly cited. www.cdc. gov/pcd/issues/2022/21_0450. htm • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1 collaborations for cancer prevention, including long-standing relationships, small community structures, and the need to leverage limited resources.
Non-contact PPG measurement system incorporating image analyzed photoplethysmogram signals and deep learning algorithms

We designed a new non-contact photoplethysmographic (PPG) measurement system by adopting an imaging-PPG (iPPG) method which used specific wavelengths detection and signal processing algorithms. PPG signals can be used to obtain information about blood oxygen saturation and provide diagnostic data on cardiovascular condition and atrial fibrillation (AFib). Most traditional PPG detection methods requires contacting sensors to the measuring surface. In our study, we developed a non-contact iPPG system with its high-potential performance to reduce the processing time. The selective narrow-band filter and incorporated an active illumination lighting array are used to designed according to the blood absorption spectrum. After collecting a series of iPPG images of a preset duration, the iPPG signals were remotely analyzed using traditional methods and using our deep learning (DL) algorithms. The DL algorithm based on a long short-term memory (LSTM) model was developed to fulfill waveform improvement. An InGaAs camera and a monochrome Si camera, both set at a 50fps frame rate, were used for field image detection. The measurement data collected at 550nm wavelength are shown in the discussion. Several indicators such as heart rhythm, peak-to-peak interval error, similarity, and root mean squared errors (RMSE) were adopted to compare the DL detection iPPG signal with the ECG and PPG signals. Our newly developed iPPG system has a high potential application for personnel health monitoring.
Biofuel-powered soft electronic skin with multiplexed and wireless sensing for human-machine interfaces

A flexible and fully biofuel-powered electronic skin enables continuous, multiplexed, and multimodal wireless sensing. Existing electronic skin (e-skin) sensing platforms are equipped to monitor physical parameters using power from batteries or near-field communication. For e-skins to be applied in the next generation of robotics and medical devices, they must operate wirelessly and be self-powered. However, despite recent efforts to harvest energy from the human body, self-powered e-skin with the ability to perform biosensing with Bluetooth communication are limited because of the lack of a continuous energy source and limited power efficiency. Here, we report a flexible and fully perspiration-powered integrated electronic skin (PPES) for multiplexed metabolic sensing in situ. The battery-free e-skin contains multimodal sensors and highly efficient lactate biofuel cells that use a unique integration of zero- to three-dimensional nanomaterials to achieve high power intensity and long-term stability. The PPES delivered a record-breaking power density of 3.5 milliwatt·centimeter−2 for biofuel cells in untreated human body fluids (human sweat) and displayed a very stable performance during a 60-hour continuous operation. It selectively monitored key metabolic analytes (e.g., urea, NH4+, glucose, and pH) and the skin temperature during prolonged physical activities and wirelessly transmitted the data to the user interface using Bluetooth. The PPES was also able to monitor muscle contraction and work as a human-machine interface for human-prosthesis walking.
Electronic skins and machine learning for intelligent soft robots

Developments in e-skins and machine learning may achieve tactile sensing and proprioception for autonomous, deployable soft robots. Soft robots have garnered interest for real-world applications because of their intrinsic safety embedded at the material level. These robots use deformable materials capable of shape and behavioral changes and allow conformable physical contact for manipulation. Yet, with the introduction of soft and stretchable materials to robotic systems comes a myriad of challenges for sensor integration, including multimodal sensing capable of stretching, embedment of high-resolution but large-area sensor arrays, and sensor fusion with an increasing volume of data. This Review explores the emerging confluence of e-skins and machine learning, with a focus on how roboticists can combine recent developments from the two fields to build autonomous, deployable soft robots, integrated with capabilities for informative touch and proprioception to stand up to the challenges of real-world environments.