Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Virulence of 1997 H5N1 Inﬂuenza Viruses in the Mouse Model Is Increased by Correcting a Defect in Their NS1 Proteins (cid:1)

The NS1 protein of human inﬂuenza A viruses binds the 30-kDa subunit of the cleavage and polyadenylation speciﬁcity factor (CPSF30), a protein required for 3 (cid:1) end processing of cellular pre-mRNAs, thereby inhibiting production of beta interferon (IFN- (cid:1) ) mRNA. The NS1 proteins of pathogenic 1997 H5N1 viruses contain the CPSF30-binding site but lack the consensus amino acids at positions 103 and 106, F and M, respectively, that are required for the stabilization of CPSF30 binding, resulting in nonoptimal CPSF30 binding in infected cells. Here we have demonstrated that strengthening CPSF30 binding, by changing positions 103 and 106 in the 1997 H5N1 NS1 protein to the consensus amino acids, results in a remarkable 300-fold increase in the lethality of the virus in mice. Unexpectedly, this increase in virulence is not associated with increased lung pathology but rather is characterized by faster systemic spread of the virus, to the where increased replication and severe pathology occur. This increased spread is associated with increased cytokine and chemokine levels in extrapulmonary tissues. We conclude that strengthening CPSF30 binding by the NS1 protein of 1997 H5N1 viruses enhances virulence in mice by increasing the systemic spread of the virus from the lungs, particularly to the brain.
SERUM LIPID PROFILE STATUS IN EXAMINATION STRESS CONDITION

Proper understanding of the correlation between various forms of stress and lipid profile can help in the management of stress related diseases. This study was carried out to assess serum lipid profile in stress condition on a total of thirty (30) Bayero University, Kano students whose information on general lifestyle, including reading habits as well as anthropometric measurement were taken by means of semi-structured questionnaire. Their blood samples were taken before, during and after the commencement of examination and serum lipid profile was assayed. Mean serum Total cholestrol and mean High-density lipoprotein cholestrol were found to differ significantly (p˂0.05) when compared on before and after the commencement of examination with higher mean value after the commencement of examination while no significant difference (p˃0.05) was found with mean serum Triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein between these periods. Similarly, when compared on before versus during and during versus after the commencement of examination mean serum Triglycerides levels, Total cholestrol and Low-density lipoprotein levels were found to increase significantly (p˂0.05) during the commencement of examination. However, the decrease in High-density lipoprotein levels was observed at this period. Moreover, the same parameters were found to be higher in male than in female subjects. Thus, the results of our study revealed an increase in serum Triglycerides, total cholestrol and low density cholestrol but decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels during the commencement of examination; the period at which the subjects were thought to be under the highest stress condition.
Cryptocurrency exchange landscape in the EU How regulation impacts success of cryptocurrency exchanges

Ever since the emergence of digital assets, bitcoin (BTC) and other cryptocurrencies created huge debates and discussions globally. Demand has transformed trading opportunities in the digital era, and a new ecosystem has been created around cryptocurrencies. Not only the coins, but the underlying technology has found many applications worldwide as well, especially in the ﬁnancial markets. However, since the market infrastructure is growing expeditiously, regulations have a hard time keeping up with the speed of innovation. Merging this complex and fast evolving area into the established traditional legal framework has already proved to be a diﬃcult and lengthy process. Due to the absence of a global harmony in the regulatory frameworks, digital service providers can take advantage of the regulatory arbitrage. In order to maximize proﬁtability, the decision on how to cope with the regulatory framework can be crucial for any service provider. A completely diﬀerent approach was expressed by the CEO of Binance, “If you do ﬁat to crypto [. ] you have to have a bank account that can accept money,” he says. “That has its own advantages and problems. You have to deal with regulatory issues and usually you’re tied to one country. ”The more you deal with ﬁat, the more [authorities] can control you,” says Zhao. “The bank will freeze your bank account. They can make the wire transfer slow”[44]. The strategical decisions of digital currency exchanges can be derived from their view on regulation. This paper will examine some of the top exchanges with a regional footprint in the European Union (EU). Furthermore, the impact of regulation on crypto exchanges will be analysed, based on the exchanges’ strategy and diﬀerent success factors. The diversity of jurisdictions covered by this paper provides also an overview how various governments have approached regulating digital exchanges. Even though the cryptocurrency market outside of Europe should not be underestimated, this paper focuses on the comparative analysis on digital exchanges operating within the EU. Including other exchanges would alter the conclusion since the quoted crypto-ﬁat pairs, users, and many other factors diverge from the European landscape. The expectation is to conclude that regulatory compliant digital exchanges are more successful on a long-term perspective.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University SOA maturity influence on digital banking transformation SOA maturity influence on digital banking transformation

Digital Banking is an evolution of online banking, where the banks attempt to further enhance customer experience by integrating digital technologies such as mobile technology, social media and analytics. Traditional banks have the highest barriers to entry into the digital banking market due to the presence of legacy core banking systems. These legacy systems while still high performing and reliable, are inflexible to change and are not easily integrated to the modern application systems needed for delivering digital banking services across multiple online banking channels. One solution that is widely adopted in the industry to overcome this obstacle is the implementation of a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). In this paper, we investigate the relationship between three factors, namely a bank’s technology infrastructure, IT governance processes, SOA maturity, and their impact on time-to-market (T2M) of digital banking products and services. Our research study is achieved through surveys and case study interviews conducted with the chief technologists from eight banks operating in Asia. A key conclusion from our study is that SOA maturity plays a very important role in enhancing a bank’s capability towards digital banking transformation. In order to move towards higher levels of SOA maturity, we make three recommendations – establishing an SOA centre of excellence, implementation of a well-architected Enterprise Service Bus (ESB), and adoption of an ESB framework and toolkit.
Improves Markers of in

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) represents a major unmet medical need. In a phase II double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we tested the safety and efficacy of cilofexor (formerly GS-9674), a nonsteroidal farnesoid X receptor agonist in patients without cirrhosis with large-duct PSC. Patients were randomized to receive cilofexor 100 mg (n = 22), 30 mg (n = 20), or placebo (n = 10) orally once daily for 12 weeks. All patients had serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) > 1.67 × upper limit of normal and total bilirubin ≤ 2 mg/dL at baseline. Safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamic effects of cilofexor (serum C4 [7 α -hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one] and bile acids), and changes in liver biochemistry and serum fibrosis markers were evaluated. Overall, 52 patients were randomized (median age 43 years, 58% male, 60% with inflammatory bowel disease, 46% on ursodeoxycholic acid). Baseline median serum ALP and bilirubin were 348 U/L (interquartile range 288-439) and 0.7 mg/dL (0.5-1.0), respectively. Dose-dependent reductions in liver biochemistry were observed. At week 12, cilofexor 100 mg led to significant reductions in serum ALP (median reduction −21%; P = 0.029 versus placebo), gamma-glutamyl transferase (−30%; P < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (−49%; P = 0.009), and aspartate aminotransferase (−42%; P = 0.019). Cilofexor reduced serum C4 compared with placebo; reductions in bile acids were greatest with 100 mg. Relative reductions in ALP were similar between ursodeoxycholic acid–treated and untreated patients. At week 12, cilofexor-treated patients with a 25% or more relative reduction in ALP had greater reductions in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, C-reactive protein, and bile acids than nonresponders. Adverse events were similar between cilofexor and placebo-treated patients. Rates of grade 2 or 3 pruritus were 14% with 100 mg, 20% with 30 mg, and 40% with placebo. Conclusion: In this 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled study, cilofexor was well tolerated and led to significant improvements in liver biochemistries and markers of cholestasis in patients with PSC. (Hepatology 2019;70:788-801).
Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange in Aqueous TiO 2 Suspensions

The degradation of methyl orange was studied using advanced oxidation process by exposed to UV irradiation in the presence of TiO 2 . TiO 2 or UV light has a negligible effect when used alone. The effect of TiO 2 dosage, initial pH of dye solution and the solution area exposed to UV light were studied. It is found that in the investigated range, degradation rate of methyl orange increases with the increase in TiO 2 concentration and exposure area of solution. Acidic media is fvaourable to methyl orange degradation. The photodestruction of methyl orange is significantly inhibited by addition of KI as active holes scavenger at pH 2. However, the roles of ·OH and H 2 O 2 are increased gradually as the increase of initial pH value of dye solution.
Characteristics of Indigenous Azospirillum spp. Associated with Peanut Nodules and Compatibility with Bradyrhizobium in Thailand คุณลักษณะของ Azospirillum spp. สายพันธุ์ท้องถิ่นในปมถั่วลิสงและ การอยู่ร่วมกันได้กับ Bradyrhizobium ในประเทศไทย

which can promote plant growth and plant productivity. This study was performed to investigate the occurrence and to isolate indigenous Azospirillum in the nodules of peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) from three cultivated areas in Thailand. It was found that the population of Azospirillum in peanut nodules from three soil types by most probable number method with semisolid N free (Nf) medium were 2.4x10 4 , 2.4x10 3 and 2.3x10 2 cfu/g respectively. Six bacterial isolates were obtained and were characterized. Based on their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics they were putative Azospirillum spp. All of them formed the blue pellicles below the surface of semisolid Nf medium. Their colonies on Congo red agar were red, opaque with dry consistency. They were all Gram negative rods. Based on the ability for utilization of glucose and trisodium citrate as carbon sources, they could be divided into three groups. From 16SrDNA sequencing analysis, 3 isolates belonged to A. oryzae , 2 isolates belonged to A. formosense and 1 isolate belonged to A. brasilense . A. oryzae isolate was similar as A. brasilense isolates for their high acetylene reduction activity (ARA) but A. brasilense produced higher IAA production while the IAA production were low. Among the six isolates, only A. oryzae isolates could solubilize phosphate and produced siderophore. Meanwhile A. formosense isolates had the lowest ARA while the IAA production were high and they had positive antagonism against TAL 1000 Bradyrhizobial strain. A. brasilense was selected for further study for co-inoculation with TAL1000 Bradyrhizobium in peanut in the future.
On Developing Business Models for Internet of Things-Based Products: Process and Chalenges

Many companies nowadays are struggling to understand the unprecedented complexity of developing business models for products and services based on the Internet of Things. This article aims at investigating what are the elements to be taken into account in order to create a business model for IoT-based products/services and what are the main challenges faced in this process. To address these questions, we review the literature on the creation of business models for IoT and we analyze data from an action research involving the generation of a business model for an IoT-based product - a smart locker – in a small company. We explore how this process occurred and the challenges faced.
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE AIDED WOOD IDENTIFICATION OF A BRONZE AGE WOODEN DIPrYCH

Summary A broken wooden diptych was found in 1986 on the 14th century B.C. Ulu Burun, Turkey, shipwreck, with only minute frag ments available for anatomical study using scanning electron microscopy. Previously, the earliest known diptychs, considered the oldest books in existence, had been found at Assyrian Nimrud and were constructed of walnut. U sing observed features from the wood fragments a computerised wood iden tification program generated Buxus as a probable candidate. Boxwood (Buxus) is frequently mentioned in historical references, including Assyrian texts, as a wood used for small, durable objects. Comparison of the diptych wood features with those of Buxus sempervirens convinces us that the diptych was constructed from boxwood (Buxus sp.).
I NTERNATIONAL E VIDENCE ON S CHOOL T RACKING : A

Countries differ widely in the age at which they first track children into different types of schools. In the majority of OECD countries, tracking takes place at the age of 15 or 16, which means that there is no tracking until the 9th or 10th grade (Table). In contrast, some countries – including most parts of Germany – undertake the first tracking at the age of 10. Do such institutional differences make a difference for the level and distribution of educational outcomes?
PSBR is required for efficient binding of LHCSR 3 to photosystem II-light-harvesting 20 supercomplexes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 21 22 23

1 Running head: PSBR is required for LHCSR3 binding to PSII-LHCII 2 3 Corresponding Author: Prof. Dr. Michael Hippler 4 5 Address: 6 Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen 7 Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster 8 Schlossplatz 8 9 48143 Münster 10 Germany 11 12 Telephone: +49 25 18 32 47 90 13 14 E-mail: mhippler@uni-muenster.de 15 16 Membranes, Transport and Biogenetics: Associate Editor Anna Amtmann (Glasgow) 17 Plant Physiology Preview. Published on February 26, 2015, as DOI:10.1104/pp.15. 00094
Are Adult Cerebral Palsy Receiving Optimal Medical Care and is There an Unmet Need for Physiatrists Input?

Cerebral Palsy is taught in all medical schools as a major paediatric disease but the adult complications are not emphasized in medical schools. As students enter residency programs, the concept of cerebral palsy is re-introduced but emphasized from the paediatric condition and adult complications are not emphasized. There exists a paucity of adult clinics devoted to the management of cerebral palsy partially due to resources and also due to the emphasis on acute diseases with chronic disease management and less on congenital disease transitioning to adult care. Residents in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation have the opportunity to study adult cerebral palsy. Physiatrists should be leaders in the field of adult cerebral palsy management.
SuperWASP-North extrasolar planet candidates: candidates from fields 17h

We have performed photometric observations of nearly seven million stars with 8 < V < 15 with the SuperWASP-North instrument from La Palma between 2004 May to September. Fields in the right ascension range 17–18 h, yielding over 185 000 stars with sufﬁcient quality data, have been searched for transits using a modiﬁed box least-squares (BLS) algorithm. We ﬁnd a total of 58 initial transiting candidates which have high signal-to-noise ratio in the BLS, show multiple transit-like dips and have passed visual inspection. Analysis of the blending and the inferred planetary radii for these candidates leave, a total of seven transiting planet candidates which pass all the tests plus four which pass the majority. We discuss the derived parameters for these candidates and their properties and comment on the implications for future transit searches.
Perspective Marine iodine emissions in a changing world

seasonal mixing, so changes in nitriﬁcation rates result in only small, but still signiﬁcant, changes. In these areas, and elsewhere, changes in ocean mixing and biological productivity in response to climate change are likely to impact iodine speciation. More work is required to examine the impact of acidiﬁcation and other changing oceanic conditions on iodine speciation over longer time scales. both showing a tripling in iodine over the latter half of the twentieth century. These results can be broadly explained by increased oceanic iodine emissions from the North Atlantic, and show that iodine’s impact on the Northern Hemisphere atmosphere has accelerated over the twentieth century. They also reveal a coupling between anthropogenic pollution and the availability of iodine as an essential nutrient to the terrestrial biosphere. Changes in halogen chemistry have been calculated to reduce by 25% the radiative forcing from increases in ozone since the pre-industrial era, with increased oceanic iodine emissions responsible for about one-third of that [23].
Key Skill Management in Operating Room – Evaluation of Perioperative Nurse´s Skills

: The Key Skills Management in Operating Room (KSMOR) was an ERASMUS+ project that assessed key skills, knowledge, procedures and the degree of adaptation of perioperative nurses in operating theatres in the countries of the European Union (EU). routine"), even for the group of the respondents with the length of experience in operating rooms up to 2 years. Both the managers and the perioperative nurses assessed the user-friendliness of the questionnaire on skills and knowledge of perioperative nurses positively. The output of the KSMOR project is an electronic version of the questionnaire on skills and knowledge of perioperative nurses, which enables evaluation and training of perioperative nurses not only in basic skills but also in very specific ones according to the particular field. It is also a suitable tool for the operating theatre manager for the management and evaluation of perioperative nurses, planning and support of educational activities and its subsequent integration into the operation of operating theatres.
able 2: Findings of the meta-analysis of proportions and the meta-regression where the

Aims and Objectives: To investigate the relationship between fertility decisions, to have already had a child or to desire to have one in the future, and the prognostic factors of; access to antiretrovirals, the time since these became widely available (year of the study) and relationship status. Background: There have been significant advances in the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) with the advent of antiretroviral therapy which has been used to successfully reduce the rate of mother to child transmission; leading researchers to hypothesise that HIV positive women may desire to have children more so now than in the past. However, this topic is often not discussed in healthcare consultations. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on CINAHL and Medline, using the key terms ‘fertility decisions’ and ‘HIV positive’. A meta-analysis of proportions and a meta-regression were conducted using a random effects model and a logit transformation to normalise the data. Heterogeneity was assessed using Q, I 2 and R 2 values and p-values were produced for each regressed variable. Findings: There was no statistically significant relationship between a desire to have children in the future and any of the prognostic variables. Although, there were statistically significant relationships between already having had at least one child; being on antiretroviral therapy; wanting a child in the future; and being in a cohabiting partnership or marriage. Conclusion: There are no reliable prognostic variables which can be used to predict fertility intentions in HIV positive women. There are, however, a significant proportion of women who wish to have children or who have already had children and are in need of reproductive counselling from their healthcare providers.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Re-engineering structures from web documents

To realise a wide range of applications (including digital libraries) on the Web, a more structured way of accessing the Web is required and such requirement can be facilitated by the use of XML standard. In this paper, we propose a general framework for reverse engineering (or re-engineering) the underlying structures i.e., the DTD from a collection of similarly structured XML documents when they share some common but unknown The essential data structures and algorithms for the DTD generation have been developed and experiments on real Web collections have been conducted to demonstrate their feasibility. addition, we also proposed a method of imposing a constraint on the repetitiveness on the elements in a DTD rule to further simplify the generated DTD without compromising their correctness.
THE INFLUENCE OF REED MAKING ON THE PERFORMANCE AND SOUND QUALITY OF THE OBOE

An essential part of the oboe technique is the reed-making process, where the raw material is carved and shaped. Different oboe schools define different types of shapes, and argue about their adequacy for a better sound and performance. This paper focuses on the perceptual influence of 3 reed-making types. We chose 6 reeds representing 3 pairs of each style (French, German, American) and recorded 116 sound samples with two oboists in controlled conditions. N=63 sound stimuli were selected: 9 diminuendo long tones, 18 eight-note phrases from which 18 low-pitched and 18 high-pitched tones were extracted. Tones were normalized in pitch and intensity to help listeners focusing on timbre. 40 participants (20 non-oboist musicians and 20 professional oboists) completed a free-grouping task on each of the 4 stimulus sets, grouping sounds by global similarity. Results show that the most salient production parame-ters are the attack type and the oboist-oboe. The reed-making shows no significant influence on isolated tones and a marginal influence on complex phrases, and inter-reed differences are more important than inter-reed-making differences. Reed-making is important in performance technique but has no influence on the perceived timbre. Future research will deal with performer proprioception of the reed making