Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A dynamic model of rifting between Galicia Bank and Flemish Cap during the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean

Abstract A finite-element model is used to simulate Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous rifting between the Flemish Cap and Galicia Bank continental margins. The model results show that variations in the thickness of the continental crust on these margins at wavelengths greater than about 75 km can be explained as a consequence of the interaction of two pre-existing weaknesses in the lithosphere. A weakness in the crust, attributed to structural fabrics in the Variscan front, controls the location of crustal extension during the early stages of rifting in the model. This results in formation of a broad rift basin similar to the Galicia Interior Basin. A deep-seated weakness located 110 km further west, attributed to the thick crust beneath the central Variscan Orogen, controls the location of mantle necking. Extension in this region is initially diffuse, but accelerates and becomes more focused with time. Approximately 13 million years after rifting begins, the locus of crustal extension shifts from the region of pre-weakened crust into the region of pre-weakened mantle. This marks the end of subsidence in the Galicia Interior Basin and the onset of subsidence in the Flemish Cap and Galicia Bank marginal basins. Extension in these areas continues for another 12 million years before continental breakup. The asthenosphere does not ascend to depths shallow enough for decompression melting to begin until less than 5 million years before the onset of sea-floor spreading. The model predicts that all late-stage synrift magmatism during this period is limited to within 45 km of the rift axis, and production of melt thicknesses greater than 2 km is restricted to within 35 km of the rift axis. Mantle potential temperatures of 1250–1275 °C, ∼5–30 °C cooler than normal, result in 3.1–4.5 km-thick oceanic crust at the time of breakup, in general agreement with the 2–4 km thick crust observed adjacent to these margins.
Perspectives on Incorporating Human Neurobehavioral End Points in Risk Assessments

Three topics are addressed: (1) measurement issues (e.g., the reliability and validity of neurobehavioral test scores), (2) general principles of assessment, including test selection, and (3) interpretation of scores. Psychological tests generally perform as well as medical tests in terms of reliability and validity. Test manuals, assessment textbooks, and psychologists are useful resources to the risk assessor. The variety of different tests employed in neurobehavioral studies complicates interstudy comparisons. In addition, tests that ostensibly assess the same general domain of function might assess somewhat different abilities within that domain. Although a uniform battery for use in all studies seems desirable, the battery appropriate for a specific study depends on study goals, knowledge about the mechanism(s) of neurotoxicity, nature of the study population, and pattern of exposure. Exposure‐related neurobehavioral deficits are generally indicators of “altered function” rather than of “clinical disease. ” Limiting concern to end points corresponding to clinical disease might not be appropriate. Many neurobehavioral diagnoses are phenomenological and a neurotoxicant might cause a unique pattern of deficits for which no label has been created. The concern that a small shift in the central tendency of a distribution of test scores has no significance for the individual should be reexamined in light of the prevention paradox, formulated on the basis of epidemiologic studies of chronic disease. Poor performance on a neurobehavioral test does not necessarily map clearly onto underlying behavioral or neural substrate. The absence of such linkages, given current knowledge about brain‐behavior relationships, should not reduce confidence in neurobehavioral end points. Use of neurobehavioral test scores involves considerations that differ little from those that the risk assessor routinely addresses in using end points commonly used in research on other topics in environmental epidemiology.
Semantic Role Labeling: Past, Present and Future

Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) consists of, given a sentence, detecting basic event structures such as "who" did "what" to "whom", "when" and "where". From a linguistic point of view, a key component of the task corresponds to identifying the semantic arguments filling the roles of the sentence predicates. Typical predicate semantic arguments include Agent, Patient, and Instrument, but semantic roles may also be found as adjuncts (e.g., Locative, Temporal, Manner, and Cause). The identification of such event frames holds potential for significant impact in many NLP applications, such as Information Extraction, Question Answering, Summarization and Machine Translation.
Frequency Selectivity in a Hormone Signaling System

Simulation results prove that the hormone signaling system has an "intrinsic" frequency. External signal with this frequency can be selective sustained, which can be manifest by exploring noise. Both the internal and/or external noise can induce and optimize this signal near the bifurcation point, and the optimization is quite independent of the influence of external signal with other frequencies. These findings are of significance for weak signal detection and transduction in complex living systems.
Online recommendations at web-scale using matrix factorisation

In social networks, e-commerce systems, and other web-services the sheer size of available content is overwhelming. Highlighting relevant content is the focus of recommender systems. Most previous research in the area has provided several algorithms for personalising the user experience, but few have addressed the issues of scalability. In this study we show how matrix factorisation, one of the more accurate recommendation techniques, can be used to serve recommendations online for millions of items and millions of users. An approach based on dividing all available items in clusters and restricting the computation to a selected few is outlined. Consequently, we developed a prototype using requirements from a production environment to demonstrate its feasability. Experimental results show that 600 recommendation requests per second can be served with a latency below 30 ms. We conclude that matrix factorisation can be used online in large-scale settings but specific care has to be taken when clustering the items.
Not All Masks Are Created Equal: Masking Success in Clinical Trials of Children and Adolescents

The current study assessed the success of masking omega-3 (Ω3) and psychotherapy in clinical trials of youth with depression or bipolar spectrum disorder. Participants were youth ages 7–14 with DSM-IV-TR diagnosed depressive (n = 72) or bipolar spectrum (n = 23) disorders. Inclusion diagnoses were depressive disorder, cyclothymic disorder, or bipolar disorder not otherwise specified. Exclusion diagnoses included bipolar I or II disorder, chronic medical condition or autism. Youth participated in 2 × 2 randomized controlled trials, in which they received Ω3 or placebo (PBO) and psychoeducational psychotherapy (PEP) or active monitoring (AM). Participants and study staff (including independent interviewers) were masked to Ω3/PBO allocation. Besides the masked independent interviewers, one coprincipal investigator (Co-PI) was fully masked to both conditions and completed all consensus conference ratings postrandomization. At the endpoint assessment or last completed interview, interviewers and the masked Co-PI guessed whether each child was assigned to Ω3 or PBO and to PEP or AM. Masking failure was calculated using the degree of correct guesses above chance level using binomial tests across all participants for Ω3 versus PBO and PEP versus AM. For all guessers, Ω3 allocation was guessed correctly approximately half the time (50%–52.5%). Rates of correct guessing were higher for PEP, but only the interviewer guesses were correct significantly more often (58.5%–68.7%) than chance. Reporting of masking success should be an essential element of RCTs. Psychotherapy is generally more difficult to mask, but with attentive masking procedures reasonable masking can be achieved.
A Review of Methods Available for the Identification of Both Organ-Specific and Non-Organ-Specific Autoantibodies

Additional key phrases: autoimmune diseases; agglutination; indirect immunofluorescence; ELISA; standardization An increasing number of pathological conditions are being identified in which tissue damage occurs in association with immune activation directed against components of normal tissues or organs, the so-called autoimmune reactions. The tissue damage may be confined to individual organs, e.g. the thyroid gland or groups of related endocrine organs, in which case the autoimmunity is termed organ-specific. In other situations the immunological attack manifests as multi-system involvement, e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus, and is termed non-organ-specifico Organ-specific and non-organ-specific autoimmunity is associated with a wide range of overlapping clinical disorders (Table I). Either humoral or cellular mechanisms or both may be responsible for the pathology seen in autoimmune diseases. Cellular mechanisms are poorly characterized and their investigation is rarely available except in specialized laboratories. Antibodies with a wide range of tissue specificities have been somewhat better characterized. Many fundamental issues remain to be resolved with respect to the initiating trigger in autoimmune disease, the relationship of this trigger to the subsequent autoimmune activation, and indeed the resulting disease. There is evidence that some antibodies are pathogenic, for example transfer of maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) in thyrotoxicosis results in transient neonatal thyrotoxicosis. Many other antibodies cannot be shown to be directly pathogenic although they may serve as a useful diagnostic pointer to the presence of autoimmune disease. The more clinical aspects of autoimmunity will
Change in Frailty and Risk of Death in Older Persons

The authors developed and validated a continuous composite measure of frailty and examined its rate of change in 832 older persons with annual evaluations for up to 8 years. In generalized estimating equation models adjusted for age, sex, and education, there was a significant increase in frailty during follow-up. In a proportional hazards model controlling for age, sex, education, and baseline frailty, each 1-unit increase in annual change in frailty was associated with an almost 5 times the risk of mortality. Using a continuous measure, the authors document that frailty is progressive in some older persons and that its rate of progression is associated with mortality.
Lightning as a space‐weather hazard: UK thunderstorm activity modulated by the passage of the heliospheric current sheet

Lightning flash rates, RL, are modulated by corotating interaction regions (CIRs) and the polarity of the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) in near‐Earth space. As the HMF polarity reverses at the heliospheric current sheet (HCS), typically within a CIR, these phenomena are likely related. In this study, RL is found to be significantly enhanced at the HCS and at 27 days prior/after. The strength of the enhancement depends on the polarity of the HMF reversal at the HCS. Near‐Earth solar and galactic energetic particle fluxes are also ordered by HMF polarity, though the variations qualitatively differ from RL, with the main increase occurring prior to the HCS crossing. Thus, the CIR effect on lightning is either the result of compression/amplification of the HMF (and its subsequent interaction with the terrestrial system) or that energetic particle preconditioning of the Earth system prior to the HMF polarity change is central to solar wind lightning coupling mechanism.
A MAC protocol to manage communications in localization systems based on IEEE802.15.4

This paper presents an upper MAC protocol based on a centralized master multi-slave architecture which is used to coordinate communications among the different type of nodes required for an indoor localization system (ILS) based on IEEE 802.15. 4. This protocol works for the non-beacon enabled mode of the referred standard and is used to avoid additive delays in the localization communications. The protocol is based on the flexible time-triggered paradigm and includes adaptations to dephase the transmissions of nodes and to enable an easy computation of the correspondent offsets. It is shown that the protocol is well adapted for four requirements of localization systems: bursts of periodic frames with a fixed period, coexistence of short and long frames, efficient bandwidth utilization with reduced usage from control frames and mobile nodes with reduced processing power. This protocol enables to improve the temporal localization granularity of 500 different nodes from around 100 to around 7 seconds.
Percutaneous closure of medium and large PDAs using amplatzer duct occluder (ADO) I and II in infants: safety and efficacy.

BACKGROUND The use of the Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO; AGA Medical Corporation) is well established and reported in children and adults, but there are only occasional reports on use in symptomatic infants. METHODS AND RESULTS Between March 2009 and January 2011, a group of 47 infants less than 2 years of age with symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was treated using ADO I and II devices. Patients were divided into infants less than 1 year old (group A; n = 28/47; 59.6%) and children between 1 and 2 years old (group B; n = 19/47; 40.4%). Physical examinations and echocardiograms were performed before the procedure and at follow-up (3, 6, and 12 months). Mean age was 5.3 ± 2.3 months for group A and 12.6 ± 1.7 months for group B. Mean weight at closure was 4.8 ± 1.9 kg for group A and 7.3 ± 2.1 kg for group B. ADO I was deployed in 19/28 of group A (67.9%) and 16/19 of group B (84.2%). ADO II was used in 9/28 of group A (32.1%) and 3/19 of group B (15.8%). No residual shunt at the end of the procedure was detected by angiography in any of the cases closed with ADO I and only 3/12 (25%) closed with ADO II showed a minimal residual flow. No mortality or major complications occurred. Six months after closure, weight gain, control of respiratory infections, and regression of left ventricular dilatation with improved systolic function were observed. CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous closure of moderate to large PDAs using ADO I and II devices in infants and children younger than 2 years of age is safe and effective.
Vascular Tissue Fragility Assessed by a New Double Stain Method

Although matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis and the instability of atheromatous plaques, much remains to be learned about their roles at the tissue level. To help clarify this area, we established a new double staining method using film in situ zymography and immunohistochemistry. Using this technique, a comprehensive analysis of the gelatinolytic activity in human vessel tissue demonstrated that gelatinolytic activity is enhanced in the shoulder region and fibrous cap at superficial areas of the atheromatous plaque in the presence of thrombolysis. Enzyme assay clarified high activity in the superficial area (7.50 ± 5.04 U/mg weight;P < 0.001). Gelatin zymography also indicated that addition of the antiplatelet agent, trapidil, alters the amount of secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and their activation ratio. This novel approach to detect the activity of gelatinases in resected tissues may aid in the selection of optimal treatment of individual patients.
Mobile handset power amplifiers

Handset RF power amplifier (PA) module design is a complex process that involves a great number of tradeoffs. High efficiency, small size, and low cost are the main design goals. The incessant size reduction of handsets and their increased functionality will continue to put pressure on PA designers to achieve a high level of performance in even smaller packages by developing novel integration and packaging technologies. The handset PA module industry is severely challenged by cost and size. It is hard to justify any improvement in performance if it comes at a higher price tag or larger dimensions. These facts have prevented many technological advances, e.g., Chireix, Doherty and Kahn techniques, MEMS, reconfigurable matching networks, gallium nitride, etc., from being widely utilized today in handset PA modules. However, a breakthrough in any of these technologies could enable its widespread adoption.
Source coding using a class of universal hash functions

We consider a source coding scheme in which we use a mapping f /spl isin/ /spl Fscr/ as an encoder, where /spl Fscr/ is a class of universal hash functions. It is shown that, if /spl Fscr/ satisfies a certain condition, for any discrete source there exist an encoder using an f /spl isin/ /spl Fscr/ and a decoder such that the decoding error probability becomes negligible for sufficiently large blocklength. We also give the error exponent of the minimum-entropy decoder for i.i. d. sources that is not less than the error exponent of linear encoders.
Role of the transcription factor T (brachyury) in the pathogenesis of sporadic chordoma: a genetic and functional‐based study

A variety of analyses, including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), quantitative PCR (qPCR) and array CGH (aCGH), have been performed on a series of chordomas from 181 patients. Twelve of 181 (7%) tumours displayed amplification of the T locus and an additional two cases showed focal amplification; 70/181 (39%) tumours were polysomic for chromosome 6, and 8/181 (4.5%) primary tumours showed a minor allelic gain of T as assessed by FISH. No germline alteration of the T locus was identified in non‐neoplastic tissue from 40 patients. Copy number gain of T was seen in a similar percentage of sacrococcygeal, mobile spine and base of skull tumours. Knockdown of T in the cell line, U‐CH1, which showed polysomy of chromosome 6 involving 6q27, resulted in a marked decrease in cell proliferation and morphological features consistent with a senescence‐like phenotype. The U‐CH1 cell line was validated as representing chordoma by the generation of xenografts, which showed typical chordoma morphology and immunohistochemistry in the NOD/SCID/interleukin 2 receptor [IL2r]$\gamma^{\rm{null}}$ mouse model. In conclusion, chromosomal aberrations resulting in gain of the T locus are common in sporadic chordomas and expression of this gene is critical for proliferation of chordoma cells in vitro. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feature selection using geometric semantic genetic programming

Feature selection concerns the task of finding the subset of features that are most relevant to some specific problem in the context of machine learning. During the last years, the problem of feature selection has been modeled as an optimization task, where the idea is to find the subset of features that maximize some fitness function, which can be a given classifier's accuracy or even some measure concerning the samples' separability in the feature space, for instance. In this paper, we introduced Geometric Semantic Genetic Programming (GSGP) in the context of feature selection, and we experimentally showed it can work properly with both conic and non-conic fitness landscapes.
Operating control of efficiently generating of induction motor for driving hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)

In this paper the principle of induction motor for driving HEV is analyzed when running in state of generator. Based on induction motor's equivalent circuit, it is concluded both the slip range when feeding back to storage battery and the optimum slip at peak generating efficiency. Generator can operate at peak efficiency in terms of the optimum slip controlling excitation current and frequency of induction motor. Optimum slip vector control system of induction motor for driving HEV is designed. The experiment results are satisfying. Analyzing and testing in this paper will provide theoretic and experimental support for optimum control of HEV.
Hybrid Samplers for Ill‐Posed Inverse Problems

Abstract. In the Bayesian approach to ill‐posed inverse problems, regularization is imposed by specifying a prior distribution on the parameters of interest and Markov chain Monte Carlo samplers are used to extract information about its posterior distribution. The aim of this paper is to investigate the convergence properties of the random‐scan random‐walk Metropolis (RSM) algorithm for posterior distributions in ill‐posed inverse problems. We provide an accessible set of sufficient conditions, in terms of the observational model and the prior, to ensure geometric ergodicity of RSM samplers of the posterior distribution. We illustrate how these conditions can be checked in an application to the inversion of oceanographic tracer data.
In Hospital Mortality Related to Cirrhosis of Liver in a Tertiary Care Rural Hospital

The objective of the study was to identify the causes of mortality among the hospitalsed patients with decompensated cirrhosis of liver and to evaluate for the biochemical and hematological parameters that are related to mortality during hospitalization. Total number of cases are 70 and number of controls are 70. Both cases and controls were compared and found to be age and sex matched. The Mean age of cases is 46.33 years and the mean age of controls is 45.56 years. The Child-Pugh, MELD and MELD Na scores were computed for each patient on admission. Both cases and control groups contained predominantly male patients, 91.4% and 94.3% respectively. The most common cause of liver dysfunction was found to be alcohol related. The most common cause of admission was hepatic encephalopathy in both groups. The other reasons for admission are renal insufficiency, refractory ascites, upper gastrointestinal bleeding. While evaluating for Chlid status in both groups, 11.4 % of patients in both groups had Child’s A cirrhosis. 48.6% of cases had Child’s B cirrhosis while 52.9% of controls had Child’s B cirrhosis. 40.0% cases and 35.7% controls had Child’s C cirrhosis. The mean MELD and MELD-Na was significantly higher for the cases group compared to the control group i.e 24.47 & 18.4 for MELD and 29.10 & 23.54 for MELD-Na for the cases and controls respectively. The most common causes of death are due to cirrhosis related complications associated with decompensation like hepatic encephalopathy, hepato renal syndrome and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. A small number of patients died due to non cirrhosis related complications most commonly infections. Univariate analysis was performed on all variables. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. This analysis revealed that increasing levels of MELD, MELDNa, serum creatinine, INR, WBC, neutrophilia and duration of disease were significantly associated with increased risk of death. On multivariate forward stepwise logistic regression, an elevated WBC count (p=0.02, OR 1.2) and creatinine (p=0.003, OR 1.2) were the only factors significantly associated with death. In this study, in hospital mortality in cirrhosis is predominantly due to hepatic dysfunction. The most common cause of mortality in decompensated cirrhosis is due to hepatic encephalopathy, hepato renal syndrome and upper gastro intestinal bleeding. Patients who had died also exhibited higher MELD and MELD sodium value levels. Therefore, when patients are admitted with hepatic decompensation, clinical parameter like duration of disease, hematological parameters like leukocyte count and neutrophilia, biochemical parameters like creatinine, SGPT and INR can help predict short term or in hospital mortality along with MELD and MELD sodium. In this study, Child score did not help in predicting short term mortality in hospitalized patients.