Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Forgotten Third: A Comparison of China, US, and the European Union’s AI Development

In the 21st century, great power competition dominates the field of international relations. Much has been written about the US and China rivalry for technological dominance, specifically in artificial intelligence. But these analyses are missing one essential player: Europe. I ask will China use its advancements in artificial intelligence to overtake the United States as a superpower, disrupting the US hegemon, just as the United States once did in a post-cold war era with the USSR. Europe is developing its own strategy and capabilities to rival those of the US and China. I use a cross-country qualitative case study method to examine advancements in artificial intelligence across the US, China, and Europe, specifically France and Germany. To determine each states’ leadership and capabilities, I compare them across their AI dreams, hardware, research, and ecosystem. In this comparison I find that whilst China’s numbers outcompete the US and Europe in total output, there are multiple criterium, notably in top tier development, where there is still a significant gap China needs to close between its rivals. Thus, providing an opportunity for Europe, specifically France and Germany, to develop and lead certain criterium regarding core AI development. This paper contributes to existing scholarship on artificial intelligence and US-China relations by adding the European dimension.
SHORT COMMUNICATION RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BODY WEIGHT AND SOME LINEAR MORPHOMETRIC TRAITS IN NIGERIAN NSUKKA ECOTYPE LOCAL HENS

Body weight (BW) and linear body measurements of 120 Nigerian Nsukka ecotype local hens in terms of body length (BL), chest girth (CG), thigh circumference (TC), thigh length (TL), and shank length (SL) were taken and subjected to Pearson correlation analysis to obtain the relationship between these growth traits. Multiple Linear Stepwise Regression procedure was used to find the best linear combination of the linear body measurements that can best predict BW. The findings showed that linear body measurement traits of Nigerian heavy ecotype local hens were strongly (p < 0.01) and positively correlated (0.5 < r) except thigh length which recorded a moderate value (0.3 < r > 0.5). The regression equations of linear body measurement traits with BW were positive with coefficient of determination ranging from 60.5-74.6%. The stepwise analyses showed shank length as best single measurement with R = 0.605, while inclusion of our five predictors in an equation resulted in R = 0.746. Thus, the following equation was generated: BW = – 1485.70 + 82.06 SL + 58.34 BL + 38.70 TC + 8.39 CG + 3.85 TL. This showed that they accounted for 74.6% of the variations in the BW of Nigerian heavy ecotype local hens. The prediction equations generated from linear body measurement traits are positive and strong, therefore can accurately be employed to predict the relative BW of Nigerian heavy ecotype local hens during selection programs as well as in the market with the use of measuring tape.
STRUCTURE PRESERVING IMAGE ABSTRACTION AND ARTISTIC STYLIZATION FROM COMPLEX BACKGROUND AND LOW ILLUMINATED IMAGES

The paper deals with NPR filtering and image processing techniques to produce the structure preserving image abstraction and artistic stylization effect from complex background and low illuminated images. Structure preserving image abstraction and stylization is most useful in the animation process, film industry, and artistic illustration and education sectors for innovative teaching. Abstraction concept reduces the image complexity and Stylization produces good visual effect to human’s sense. The work involves combining different NPR filtering techniques to create an effective NPR artistic illustration. The proposed technique consists of adoptive structure tensor flow, difference of Gaussian filter, 2D modified coherence shock filter, order dithering and Mean Curvature Flow (MCF). The work involves applying all these techniques in a series and the proposed scheme is found to give a good rendering effect on images with complex background and low luminance images. Moreover the proposed method does not require any kind of post processing techniques for abstraction and artistic stylization. The applied method produces the best abstraction effect and avoids halo effect. Implementation of proposed work is carried out in the Matlab environment. Efficiency of proposal work has been corroborated by conducting different experiments on various types of images and the results are compared with contemporary works. This approach is found to be computationally efficient in rendering effective structure preserving abstraction and stylization to the Human Visual System (HVS) and this approach opens up new research paths towards image and video
Actinomycetes of secondary metabolite producers from mangrove sediments, Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract Background and Aim: Actinomycetes are a group of Gram-positive bacteria with a fungus-like morphology. Their natural habitat encompasses terrestrial and water areas, including mangrove ecosystems. This study aimed to assess the PKS and NRPS genes as the producers of secondary metabolites and to determine the target bacterial species using molecular DNA tests. Materials and Methods: In this study, we isolated bacteria from sediment samples from mangrove forests located on Karimunjawa Islands and in Semarang city, purified bacteria, screened for antibacterial activity, extracted bacterial DNA, amplified the NRPS gene, detected and amplified the PKS-I and PKS-II genes, amplified and sequenced the 16S rRNA, processed molecular data, and simulated a map of secondary metabolite producing genes. Results: Samples from the Karimunjawa Islands yielded 19 bacterial isolates, whereas samples from Semarang yielded 11 bacterial isolates after culture in different media. Further experiments identified three active isolates, which were termed PN.SB. 6.2, S.SK. 6.3, and S.SK. 7.1, against pathogenic species of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. Isolate PN.SB. 6.2 was determined to possess three biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), whereas the remaining two isolates, S.SK. 6.3 and S.SK. 7.1, only possessed two BGCs, namely, NRPS and PKS II. Conclusion: Products were estimated to be in the NRPS, thiopeptide, RiPP-like, siderophore, betalactone, terpene, Type III PKS, CDPS, and lassopeptide groups. DNA identification of the isolates found three species of actinomycetes with antibacterial potential, namely, Virgibacillus salaries, Bacillus licheniformis, and Priestia flexa.
Piece-wise Linear Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller for Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle (DSRV)

The paper aims to present the design and performance of a single input fuzzy sliding mode controller (SIFSMC) to control the motion of deep submergence rescue vehicle (DSRV). The proposed controller uses the linear single dimension rule base where as the conventional fuzzy sliding mode controllers (CFSMC) uses the two-dimensional rule base. Moreover, the proposed controller does not merely depend on the DSRV exact mathematical model unlike that of the linear controllers. Using SIFSMC, the number of rules governs are also greatly reduced in comparison with the CFSMC, without compromising the overall performance. The robustness, equivalency and efficacy of proposed idea is illustrated through the simulation results using a marine system simulator in MATLAB/Simulink® environment. The main objective of the paper is to compare CFSMC and SIFSMC for UUV’s. Consequently, a comparative analysis of proposed SIFSMC is shown with the CFSMC for the same system of DSRV.
Semen dan Perlakuan Perawatan Panas ( Heat Curing )

Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is developed by controlling the material composition and heat curing. Research on the use industrial waste as a component of RPC is still needed to reduce the amount of cement. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the mechanical properties of RPC which used some rice husk ash (RHA) as a part of cement replacement with heat curing condition. The experiment variables used were the percentage of cement replacement (0, 10, 20, and 30%) and curing conditions (water, steam and oven). Evaluation covers the properties of fresh mixture, flexural strength and compressive strength. The results show that increasing the RHA percentage reduced the workability. The optimum flexural strength was achieved at 10% of cement replacement. Compressive strength at 28 days increased in line with the rusk hush ash percentage for curing in water and with steam. Rice husk ash potentially replaced amount of cement up to 30%. The curing with steam was better than others.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of genes of virulent strain isolate of Toxoplasma gondii using enzyme DdeI

Background and Aim: Toxoplasma gondii is a unicellular coccidian parasite distributed globally and is an important zoonotic pathogen. Approximately 30% of the human population worldwide is chronically infected with T. gondii. The pathogenicity of this species depends on the type originating from the clonal population. Techniques for more accurately determining the type of T. gondii have recently been developed using genetic markers. Specifically, T. gondii has been typed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). This study aimed to identify sets of PCR-RFLP markers that have high power to discriminate genotyping of T. gondii and are easy to use and are easy to use. The objective of this study was to characterize virulent strain isolates of T. gondii by PCR-RFLP using 10 markers with DdeI. Materials and Methods: T. gondii tachyzoites (RH virulent strain) were derived from culture cells at the Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Sciences. Genotyping was performed on T. gondii DNA extracted from cell cultured tachyzoites using 10 genetic markers of PCR-RFLP, namely, B1#1, B1#2, B1#3, SAG1#1, SAG1#2, P30, BAG1, ROP1, GRA1, and GRA7, with digestion using the restriction enzyme DdeI. Results: The 10 genes were amplified by PCR. Among them, three genetic markers, B1#3, ROP1, and GRA1, were genotyped by the PCR-RFLP using restriction enzyme DdeI. Overall, the findings showed that the specific RFLP profile of digestion of gene regions by DdeI could be used as a specific marker for the virulent biotype causative of toxoplasmosis. In addition, virulent strains of T. gondii can be easily detected by these markers. Conclusion: Three pairs of primers (B1#3, ROP1, and GRA1) with DdeI have proven useful for the diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis (virulent strain biotype I). This proposed method is relatively simple, rapid, cheap, and can be performed in most laboratories, providing a practical approach for the routine analysis of T. gondii strains.
Evidence of Rocky Planet Engulfment in the Wide Binary System HIP 71726/HIP 71737

Binary stars are supposed to be chemically homogeneous, as they are born from the same molecular cloud. However, high-precision chemical abundances show that some binary systems display chemical differences between the components, which could be due to planet engulfment. In this work, we determine precise fundamental parameters and chemical abundances for the binary system HIP 71726/HIP 71737. Our results show that the pair is truly conatal, coeval, and comoving. We also find that the component HIP 71726 is more metal-rich than HIP 71737 in the refractory elements such as iron, with Δ[Fe/H] = 0.11 ± 0.01 dex. Moreover, HIP 71726 has a lithium abundance 1.03 dex higher than HIP 71737, which is the largest difference in Li detected in twin-star binary systems with ΔT eff ≤ 50 K. The ingestion of 9.8−1.6+2.0 M ⊕ of rocky material fully explains both the enhancement in refractory elements and the high Li content observed in HIP 71726, thereby reinforcing the planet-engulfment scenario in some binary systems.
WiFi Signal Strength Degradation Over Different Building Materials

Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) signals experience propagation through air and material in a building. This propagation causes signal decreasing signal strength. This study aims to determine materials in buildings that cause significant signal strength loss so in the future building design could factor in signal strength by using material that doesn't affect signal strength significantly. The testing of signal strength will be done by observing signal strength through different materials. Signal strength will be recorded by using a mobile app. Materials that majorly decrease signal strength are plastics, with the least affecting materials are hollow plywood wall. The use of plastics in a building affects significantly on signal loss and should be replaced if possible with hollow plywood walls.
COMPLEMENTARY SPLIT RING RESONATOR BASED MASSIVE MIMO ANTENNA SYSTEM FOR 5G WIRELESS APPLICATIONS

A MIMO antenna for smartphones with radiation diversity is presented in this article. The proposed design consists of dual-fed Complementary Split Ring Resonator metamaterial antenna components in design, which is located at the edges of an FR-4 substrate. The total dimension is 75mm× 150mm× 1.6mm. 50-ohm dual microstrip feed lines placed orthogonal to each other are used to feed the SRR. Due to this orthogonality, radiation diversity is easily achieved. The proposed structure is operated in dual bands from 3.43GHz to 3.62GHz and 4.78GHz to 5.04GHz. In both bands, good impedance bandwidth with a reasonable gain is achieved. The entire structure is simulated using CST EM software. All the simulated results are presented, which clearly show that the proposed structure is a good candidate for the future smartphone massive MIMO application.
CorrespondenceBetween the General Ability toDiscriminate Sensory Stimuli andGeneral Intelligence

For more than a century the veracity of Spearman’s postulate that there is a nearly perfect correspondence between general intelligence and general sensory discrimination has remained unresolved. Most studies have found significant albeit small correlations. However, this can be used neither to confirm nor dismiss Spearman’s postulate, a major weakness of previous research being that only single discrimination capacities were considered rather than general discrimination. The present study examines Spearman’s hypothesis with a sample of 1,330 5to 10-year-old children, using structural equation modeling. The results support Spearman’s hypothesis with a strong correlation (r = .78). Results are discussed in terms of the validity of the general sensory discrimination factor. In addition, age-group-specific analyses explored the age differentiation hypothesis.
Adoption of E-Learning at Higher Education Institutions: A Systematic Literature Review

The concept of e-learning offers a number of benefits, however, the effective adoption of e-learning systems at HEIs is a relatively new concept and thus a challenging task. The comprehensive review of extant literature on the topic of adoption of e-learning systems at HEIs is provided. Using PRISMA search technique, relevant articles published from 2005 to 2020 owing to the widespread adoption of e-learning since 2005 were selected. The paper identifies and puts forward the level of compatibility and readiness of students and teachers in adopting e-learning, factors that motivate and hinder the adoption of e-learning respectively, benefits of adopting an e-learning system, and the strategies for the effective implementation of e-learning at the higher education institutions. In this realm of COVID-19 and e-learning, this paper also envisage different strategies, policies and recommendations for implementing e-learning in an effective way at HEIs.
TOWARDS REPRESENTING TRANSITIONAL SPACES: DEVELOPMENTAL DIRECTION FOR INDOORGML ANCHOR NODE

Abstract. Naturally, human beings freely navigate indoor space to outdoor space and optionally to another indoor space. However, currently available data models to represent space do not fully reflect this freedom and continuity of movement. These shortfalls hinder the development of location-based applications from aiding this navigation activity and affect the accuracy and optimality of route analysis. Existing models used for this purpose either represent indoor and outdoor space separately or use direct links that do not fully represent the freedom of movement and the complexity of urban areas. While these approaches use single-feature representations of the connection of these spaces through nodes for the building entrances, Transitional Spaces exist at these locations and must be represented accordingly in navigation networks. In this paper, we illustrate how currently defined IndoorGML concepts can be utilized for integrating indoor and outdoor navigation networks through the Transitional Spaces. We perform an experimental case using sample data to demonstrate the limitations of this model. From this, we discuss the developmental direction of the Anchor Node concept towards developing a model to fully represent navigation on an integrated indoor-outdoor network.
An overview of the obtaining of biomass-derived gamma-valerolactone from levulinic acid or esters without H2 supply

Gamma-valerolactone (GVL) is a highly reactive keto-lactone and a promising platform biomolecule, used as an additive for food and fuels, green solvent, and fuels precursor, among others. Its production from biomass usually involves hydrogenation and subsequent cyclization of levulinic acid or its esters. The process of conventional hydrogenation requires high pressures and temperatures, an external hydrogen source, and scarce noble/precious materials as catalysts. However, it could be produced under mild conditions, using bifunctional metal-acid catalysts with high metal dispersion and meso or microporosity, high surface area, temperatures lower than 200 °C, pressures ≤ 1MPa, and secondary alcohols (such as isopropanol) as hydrogen donors. The catalytic transfer hydrogenation followed by cyclization (CTHC) of levulinic acid (LA) and its esters (LE) to produce GVL using secondary alcohols as H donor is a great alternative. Variables involved in CTHC such as raw material, time, temperature, and type of catalyst, mainly transition metals and their combinations, are reviewed in this work.
Scheduling on Two Types of Resources

The evolution in the design of modern parallel platforms leads to revisit the scheduling jobs on distributed heterogeneous resources. The goal of this survey is to present the main existing algorithms, to classify them based on their underlying principles, and to propose unified implementations to enable their fair comparison, in terms of running time and quality of schedules, on a large set of common benchmarks that we made available for the community. Beyond this comparison, our goal is also to understand the main difficulties that heterogeneity conveys and the shared principles that guide the design of efficient algorithms.
Development of newspaper/polystyrene composite adsorbent for oil spills removal

In the present study, the adsorption equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies of crude oil spills on waste newspapers (WNP), waste polystyrene (WPS) and their composites (WNP/WPS composites) were investigated using a batch mode under various parameters. Characteristics of the prepared low-cost sorbents were established using contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The influence of contact time, initial oil film thickness, oil type, temperature, salinity, agitation rate, reusability, and adsorbent dosage on crude oil adsorption was investigated. The oil sorption rate was investigated by two kinetic models specifically the pseudo-first and the pseudo-second-order. However, the sorption mechanism of spilt oil was distinguished by the Elovich, Boyd, and the intraparticle diffusion kinetic. The rate kinetics of oil adsorption on adsorbents is better explained by second-order kinetics. The equilibrium data were found to fit adequately with the Langmuir with maximum monolayer sorption capacities 16.66, 14.28, and 20 g/g for WNP, WPS, and WNP/WPS composites, respectively. The eco-friendly characters of the recyclable waste materials with moderate crude oil sorption capacities proved the potential applicability of these sorbents as oleophilic-base sorbents for crude oil spill removal.
Efficacy of resisted training in muscle strength and functionality in adult individuals after brain vascular accident: a systematic review of revisions

Objective: To summarize systematic reviews that analyzed the effectiveness of resistance training on muscle strength and functionality in adult individuals after stroke. Methods: Systematic review, PROSPERO (CRD42020208823), performed in the following databases: Pubmed, EBSCO, Lilacs, Medline, Portal BVS, Scielo, Cochrane, SPORTDiscus and PEDro. Descriptors: “Resistance Training”, “Stroke” and “Systematic Review”. Included: Systematic reviews; composed of randomized clinical trials and/or controlled intervention studies; which tested resistance training interventions; compared to other neuromuscular interventions, conventional treatment, or, simulation or placebo techniques; in adults who have had a stroke, regardless of the stage of the disease; for the outcomes: muscle strength and functionality. Such studies should be available in full. There were no restrictions regarding the language/time of publication of the studies. The risk of bias was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 scale. Results: Identified 139 articles, however, after analysis 10 were included. These were meta-analytic reviews, published between 2009 and 2020. Resistance training interventions were statistically significant for increasing upper and lower limb muscle strength, gains in 1RM, and performance on the 6-minute walk test. Resistance training was not statistically significant for increased activity, maximum gait speed and preferred gait speed. The studies were of high/moderate methodological quality. Conclusion: Although resistance training is statistically significant for increasing muscle strength and performance in the 6-minute walk test, these results do not seem to be clinically relevant. There was no improvement in preferred walking speed and maximum walking speed.
Esthetics and efficacy of dentition defects repaired by dental implantation

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the restoration success rate and esthetic effect of dental implantation in repairing dentition defects and to analyze the risk factors of implant restoration associated complications. Methods: A total of 194 patients with dentition defects were randomly divided into the immediate restoration group (n=97, with 153 implants) and the delayed restoration group (n=97, with 156 implants) according the admission order. A 3-year follow-up was conducted after treatment. The overall restoration effect and the incidences of complications in two groups were analyzed statistically. Results: The restoration success rates of loading for 1, 2 and 3 years were 99.35%, 97.84% and 94.17% respectively, in the immediate restoration group and 99.36%, 97.14% and 94.07% respectively, in the delayed restoration group. There was no significant difference in the restoration success rate of loading between two groups. Compared with the delayed restoration group, patients in the immediate restoration group showed no differences in pink esthetic score (t=0.724, P=0.235) and white esthetic score (t=0.509, P=0.694). Bone resorption at 1and 2-year follow-up were lower in the immediate restoration group than those in the delayed restoration group (t=9.762; t=3.694, both P<0.001). Conclusion: No significant difference exists in the restoration success rate and esthetic effect between the immediate restoration and the delayed restoration in case of strict grasp of indications, prudent operation, as well as active control of periodontal diseases.