Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Guidelines Heart rate variability Standards of measurement , physiological interpretation , and clinical use Task Force of The European Society of Cardiology and The North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology ( Membership of the Task Force

The last two decades have witnessed the recognition of a significant relationship between the autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular mortality, including sudden cardiac death'^*. Experimental evidence for an association between a propensity for lethal arrhythmias and signs of either increased sympathetic or reduced vagal activity has encouraged the development of quantitative markers of autonomic activity. Heart rate variability (HRV) represents one of the most promising such markers. The apparently easy derivation of this measure has popularized its use. As many commercial devices now provide automated measurement of HRV, the cardiologist has been provided with a seemingly simple tool for both research and clinical studies'. However, the significance and meaning of the many different measures of HRV are more complex than generally appreciated and there is a potential for incorrect conclusions and for excessive or unfounded extrapolations. Recognition of these problems led the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society
Ieee Transactions on Wireless Communications Zero-forcing Based Mimo Two-way Relay with Relay Antenna Selection: Transmission Scheme and Diversity Analysis

—Combining of physical-layer network coding (PNC) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) can significantly improve the performance of the wireless TWRN. This paper proposes novel Max-Min optimization based relay antenna selection (RAS) schemes for zero-forcing (ZF) based MIMO-PNC transmission. RAS relaxes ZF's constraints on the number of antennas and extends the applications of ZF based MIMO-PNC to more practical scenarios, where the dedicated relay has more antennas than the end-node. Moreover, RAS also brings diversity advantages to TWRN and the achievable diversity gains of the proposed schemes are theoretically analyzed. In particular, an equivalence relation is carefully built for the diversity gains obtained by 1) RAS for ZF based MIMO-PNC and 2) transmit antenna selection (TAS) for MIMO broadcasting (BC) with ZF receivers. This equivalence transforms the original problem to a more tractable form which eventually allows explicit analytical results. It is interesting to see that Max-Min RAS keeps the network diversity gain of ZF based MIMO-PNC to be the same as the diversity gain of the point-to-point link within the TWRN. This insight extends the understanding on the behaviors of ZF transceivers with antenna selection (AS) to relatively complicated MIMO-TWRN/BC scenarios.
Progress in lithotripsy research

Introduction Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for the non-invasive treatment of kidney stones was introduced in the United States in 1984. SWL virtually eliminated the need for open surgery to remove kidney stones, and it did not take long for physicians and patients to endorse this revolutionary technology. Early reports told of the efficient removal of even the most troublesome stones without apparent complications, and SWL quickly became the “treatment modality of choice. ” It was not long, however, before concerned physicians began to report the occurrence of adverse effects in SWL, particularly involving vascular trauma and including cases of severe hemorrhage in the kidney and acute renal failure—significant side effects of serious consequence. Researchers quickly recognized the challenge and opportunity to determine the mechanisms of shock wave action in lithotripsy, and in 1988, the Acoustical Society of America held the first in a series of popular sessions devoted to the topic of shock waves in medicine. The goal of the inaugural session was to improve the fundamental understanding of lithotripsy—to bring better devices and treatments to patients. The goal of this paper is to report on progress in this effort.
Impact of Vegetation Feedback on the Response of Precipitation to Antecedent Soil Moisture Anomalies over North America

Abstract Previous studies support a positive soil moisture–precipitation feedback over a major fraction of North America; that is, initial soil moisture anomalies lead to precipitation anomalies of the same sign. To investigate how vegetation feedback modifies the sensitivity of precipitation to initial soil moisture conditions over North America, a series of ensemble simulations are carried out using a modified version of the coupled Community Atmosphere Model–Community Land Model (CAM–CLM). The modified CLM includes a predictive vegetation phenology scheme so that the coupled model can represent interactions between soil moisture, vegetation, and precipitation at the seasonal time scale. The focus of this study is on how the impact of vegetation feedback varies with the timing and direction of initial soil moisture anomalies. During summer, wet soil moisture anomalies lead to increase in leaf area index and, consequently, increase in evapotranspiration and surface heating. Such increases tend to favor p.
Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Xanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) D. C. (Fagara nitida Roxb.). III. The Chemical Constituents of the Wood.

The chemical constituents of the wood of Xanthoxylum nitidum (ROXB.) D. C. (Fagara nitida ROXB.) were examined. Two phenylpropanoids, methyl nitinoate (2) and dihydrocuspidiol (3), and a benzodioxane type lignan, nitidanin (4), were newly isolated. The structures of the phenylpropanoids were chemically determined. In addition, the application of a selective insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer selective (INEPT) technique in the NMR spectrum to the new lignan allowed us to deduce the structure.
BEYOND CRISIS ADJUSTMENT: Investigation of Fiscal Policy Alternatives in an OLG Model of Endogenous Growth for Turkey

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the fiscal policy alternatives on domestic debt management and public expenditures on education, cohort welfare, and growth for the Turkish economy. We exclusively focus on the increased burden of debt servicing on public funds for investments in human capital formation and the constraining effects of the mode of debt financing on the economy’s capability to generate investments in physical capital. We utilize a model of endogenous growth in the overlapping generations (OLG) tradition with intertemporally optimizing agents and open capital markets, roughly reflecting the Turkish economy in 1990s. We examine the macroeconomic effects of the current IMF-led austerity program driven by the objective of attaining primary fiscal surpluses and illustrate the ruinous effects of constrained human capital investments due to insufficient funds to public education, and constrained real production activities due to the current mode of financing of domestic debt. We then examine various taxation alternatives to mitigate the reductions in the availability of public funds to reproducible factors of production. Our results suggest that the current fiscal program based on the primary surplus objective suffers from serious trade offs on growth and fiscal targets, and that an alternative public expenditure program supported by tax reform over wealth income is likely to produce superior economic performance.
Decision Trees Using Synchronized Phasor Measurements for Wide-Area Response-Based Control

This paper proposes using phasor measurement unit (PMU) data to trigger one-shot control in response to loss of synchronism detection. Decision trees (DTs) are trained to associate voltage magnitude and angle measurements with loss of synchronism. Different approaches to the DT construction process are illustrated in an early section of the paper by restricting the input vector to only two elements. Response-based control is obtained by triggering one-shot control the first time the DT classifies measurements as “Unstable”. The same combination of one-shot controls is applied to any event the first time the DT outputs “Unstable”. The method is demonstrated on a 176-bus reduced-order model of the western U.S. interconnection. An effective one-shot control consists of a combination of fast power changes on four buses. This control is similar to 500-MW fast power increases on two HVDC interties and it reduces angle differences in the AC network.
VLBI Polarisation with the Yebes (EVN) and Hobart (LBA) antennae

Work has been on-going for the development of the required code for full polarisation processing of VLBI data using some new antennae mounts. The extensions of AIPS allows the support of two new mount types; the left-handed and right-handed Nasmyth antennae (Pico Veleta in the GMVA and Yebes-40m in the EVN) and the EW-mount (Hobart in the LBA). The data handling process is seamless, once the correct mount type has been selected. All subsequent calls to the parallactic angle subroutine PARANG will return the feed angles for Left or Right Nasmyth or EW-mount. These are required, respectively, for Pico Veleta, Yebes-40m (low frequency branch) and Hobart.
Title : Dynamic neuromuscular remodeling precedes motor-unit loss in a mouse 1 model of ALS 2

Affiliations: 4 1 Département de neurosciences, Université de Montréal, PO box 6128, Station centre-ville, 5 Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7. 6 2 Groupe de recherche sur le système nerveux central, Université de Montréal. 7 3 Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint 8 Denis Street, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H2X 0A9. 9 *To whom correspondence should be addressed: richard.robitaille@umontreal.ca; Phone 10 number: 1-514-343-6111 ext 1946; Fax: 1-514-343-7972. 11 12
Mitochondrial DNA control region variability of wild boar Sus scrofa with various external phenotypes in Turkey

Yasin DEMİRBAŞ*, Ayça ÖZKAN KOCA, Nahit PAMUKOĞLU, Hakan SERT, Franz SUCHENTRUNK Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kırıkkale University, Yahşihan, Kırıkkale, Turkey Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Faculty of Fine Arts, Maltepe University, Maltepe, İstanbul, Turkey Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
High-Performance Anthropomorphic Robot Hand With Grasping-Force-Magnification Mechanism

This paper presents a lightweight (328 g) anthropomorphic robot hand that can exert a large grasping force. We propose a mechanism combining flexion drives and a force-magnification drive for a cable-driven multifingered robot hand. The flexion drive consisting of a feed screw enables quick finger motion, and the force-magnification drive, consisting of an eccentric cam, a bearing, and a pulley, enables a firm grasp. This paper also proposes a 3-D linkage for the thumb. This linkage consists of four links and is driven by a feed screw. It can oppose to a large force exerted by the force-magnification drive. These mechanisms are compact enough to be installed in the developed lightweight hand. We experimentally verify that the maximum fingertip force of the hand exceeds 20 N and that the thumb can hold a large force of 100 N. The time to fully close the hand using the flexion drives is 0.47 s. After the fingers make contact with an object, the time to achieve a firm grasp using the grasp-magnification drive is approximately 1 s.
High-tech hazards.

In silico screening methods based on the 3D structures of the ligands or of the proteins have become an essential tool to facilitate the drug discovery process. To achieve such process, the 3D structures of the small chemical compounds have to be generated. In addition, for ligand-based screening computations or hierarchical structurebased screening projects involving a rigid-body docking step, it is necessary to generate multiconformer 3D models for each input ligand to increase the efficiency of the search. However, most academic or commercial compound collections are delivered in 1D SMILES (simplified molecular input line entry system) format or in 2D SDF (structure data file), highlighting the need for free 1D/2D to 3D structure generators. Frog is an on-line service aimed at generating 3D conformations for drug-like compounds starting from their 1D or 2D descriptions. Given the atomic constitution of the molecules and connectivity information, Frog can identify the different unambiguous isomers corresponding to each compound, and generate single or multiple low-to-medium energy 3D conformations, using an assembly process that does not presently consider ring flexibility. Tests show that Frog is able to generate bioactive conformations close to those observed in crystallographic complexes. Frog can be accessed at http://bioserv.rpbs. jussieu.fr/
Five years of CO, HCN, C 2 H 6 , C 2 H 2 , CH 3 OH, HCOOH and H 2 CO total columns measured in the Canadian high Arctic

Abstract. We present a five-year time series of seven tropospheric species measured using a ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL; Eureka, Nunavut, Canada; 80°05' N, 86°42' W) from 2007 to 2011. Total columns and temporal variabilities of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and ethane (C2H6) as well as the first derived total columns at Eureka of acetylene (C2H2), methanol (CH3OH), formic acid (HCOOH) and formaldehyde (H2CO) are investigated, providing a new data set in the sparsely sampled high latitudes. Total columns are obtained using the SFIT2 retrieval algorithm based on the optimal estimation method. The microwindows as well as the a priori profiles and variabilities are selected to optimize the information content of the retrievals, and error analyses are performed for all seven species. Our retrievals show good sensitivities in the troposphere. The seasonal amplitudes of the time series, ranging from 34 to 104%, are captured while using a single a priori profile for each species. The time series of the CO, C2H6 and C2H2 total columns at PEARL exhibit strong seasonal cycles with maxima in winter and minima in summer, in opposite phase to the HCN, CH3OH, HCOOH and H2CO time series. These cycles result from the relative contributions of the photochemistry, oxidation and transport as well as biogenic and biomass burning emissions. Comparisons of the FTIR partial columns with coincident satellite measurements by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) show good agreement. The correlation coefficients and the slopes range from 0.56 to 0.97 and 0.50 to 3.35, respectively, for the seven target species. Our new data set is compared to previous measurements found in the literature to assess atmospheric budgets of these tropospheric species in the high Arctic. The CO and C2H6concentrations are consistent with negative trends observed over the Northern Hemisphere, attributed to fossil fuel emission decrease. The importance of poleward transport for the atmospheric budgets of HCN and C2H2 is highlighted. Columns and variabilities of CH3OH and HCOOH at PEARL are comparable to previous measurements performed at other remote sites. However, the small columns of H2CO in early May might reflect its large atmospheric variability and/or the effect of the updated spectroscopic parameters used in our retrievals. Overall, emissions from biomass burning contribute to the day-to-day variabilities of the seven tropospheric species observed at Eureka.
Tuning the detection wavelength of quantum-well infrared photodetectors by single high-energy implantation

Single high-energy (0.9 MeV) proton implantation and rapid thermal annealing was used to tune the spectral response of the quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs). In addition to the large redshift of the QWIPs’ response wavelength after implantation, either narrowed or broadened spectrum was obtained at different interdiffusion extent. In general, the overall device performance for the low-dose implantation was not significantly degraded. In comparison with the other implantation schemes, this single high-energy implantation is the most effective and simple technique in tuning the wavelength of QWIPs, thus, to achieve the fabrication of multicolor detectors.
Transmission Systems With Low Noise Phase-Sensitive Parametric Amplifiers

This tutorial reviews the recent research on fiber-based phase-sensitive amplifiers (PSAs), and describes how they can be used in transmission systems. We describe the fundamentals of parametric amplifiers, their history, and their basic properties. Special emphasis is given to the noise properties and their implementation in transmission systems. The copier-PSA setup is described and compared to phase-insensitive links, and we describe the challenges in implementing these systems. Finally, we describe the polarization properties of vector PSAs, and the PSA use in compensation of nonlinear distortions.
Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated Derivatives of Phenyl Vinyl Sulfone as Structural Analogs of Chalcones

Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated Derivatives of Phenyl Vinyl Sulfone Ma k T. Konieczny,*a Barbara Horowska,a Antoni Kunikowski,a Jerzy Konopa,a Konstanty Wierzba,b Yuji Yamada,b Tetsuji Asaob a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Technical University of Gdansk, 80–952 Gdansk, Poland Fax +48(58)3493206; E-mail: markon@amedec.amg. gda.pl b Taiho Pharmaceutical Company, Hanno Research Center, Yaoroshi, Hanno-city, Saitama, 357, Japan Received 20 November 2000; revised 22 March 2001
news New Role Model of Innovation Incubation

Effect of Tunneling Barrier as a Spacer on Exchange Coupling of CoFeB/AlOx/Co Trilayer Structures Yuan-Tsung Chen, J.W. Wu Department of Materials Science and Engineering, I-Shou University Magnetic tunneling junctions (MTJs) have a sandwiched s t ructure , comprising a top ferromagnetic (FM1) layer, an insulating tunneling layer (spacer), and a bottom ferromagnetic (FM2) layer. The exchange coupling in MTJs has been widely studied because the effect of spacer thickness has on the ferromagnetic spin-coupling can be applied to read-head sensors, spin-valve structures, and magnetoresistance random access memories (MRAMs). In this study, the MTJs were deposited in the following sequence: glass/CoFeB(50Å)/ AlOx(d)/Co(100Å), where d = 12, 17, 22, 26, and 30 Å is the thickness of the AlOx layer. From the saturation magnetization (Ms) results, we found that the exchange coupling strength and coercivity (Hc) can be varied significantly by the tunneling barrier AlOx spacer. The X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) show a main peak of hexagonal close-packed (HCP) Co with a highly (002) textured structure is obtained at 2θ = 44.7, while AlOx and CoFeB are amorphous states. The full width half maximum (FWHM) of the Co (002) peak decreases with increasing AlOx thickness, indicating that the Co layer is more crystalline. The magnetic results indicate that the magnetic characteristics are related to the Co Assistant Professor Yuan-Tsung Chen
Microbial Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium as a Mechanism of Detoxification and Possible Bioremediation Applications

Chromium (Cr) is a naturally occurring element with atomic number 24 and atomic mass of 51.996 amu. The element belongs to the group of transition metals and in the oxidation state elementary presents an electronic configuration (Ar) 4d5s1. Chromium is naturally present in the environment, it is widespread in rocks, animal, plants and soil, and is the seventh most abundant element on Earth's crust, at concentrations ranging from 100 to 300 μg g-1. In nature, Cr is found in the form of its compounds, and the most important chromium ore is chromite, (Fe, Mn)Cr2O4 [1,2].
Modeling the resolution of inexpensive, novel non-seismic geophysical monitoring tools to monitor CO2 injection into coal beds

LBNL-2711E Modeling the resolution of inexpensive, novel non-seismic geophysical monitoring tools to monitor CO 2 injection into Coal Beds as a part of the report on Stored CO 2 and Methane Leakage Risk Assessment and Monitoring Tool Development: CO 2 Capture Project Phase 2 (CCP2) Type of Report: Reporting Period Start Date: Reporting Period End Date: Principal Author(s): Final Report June 2005 September 2008 Erika Gasperikova, Research Scientist G. Michael Hoversten, Staff Scientist September 2008 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road Mail Stop 90R1116 Berkeley, CA 94720 Date Report was issued: Submitting Organization: Address: Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
Estimating spatial coupling in epidemiological systems: a mechanistic approach

In recent years, ecologists and epidemiologists have paid increasing attention to the influence of spatial structure in shaping the dynamics and determining the persistence of populations. This is fundamentally affected by the concept of ‘coupling’—the flux of individuals moving between separate populations. In this paper, we contrast how coupling is typically implemented in epidemic models with more detailed approaches. Our aim is to link the popular phenomenological formulations with the results of mechanistic models. By concentrating on the behaviour of simple epidemic systems, we relate explicit movement patterns with observed levels of coupling, validating the standard formulation. The analysis is then extended to include a brief study of how the correlation between stochastic populations is affected by coupling, the underlying deterministic dynamics and the relative population sizes.
Measurements of excess O3, CO2, CO, CH4, C2H4, C2H2, HCN, NO, NH3, HCOOH, CH3COOH, HCHO, and CH3OH in 1997 Alaskan biomass burning plumes by airborne Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (AFTIR)

We used an airborne Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (AFTIR), coupled to a flow-through, air-sampling cell, on a King Air B-90 to make in situ trace gas measurements in isolated smoke plumes from four, large, boreal zone wildfires in interior Alaska during June 1997. AFTIR spectra acquired near the source of the smoke plumes yielded excess mixing ratios for 13 of the most common trace gases: water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, nitric oxide, formaldehyde, acetic acid, formic acid, methanol, ethylene, acetylene, ammonia and hydrogen cyanide. Emission ratios to carbon monoxide for formaldehyde, acetic acid, and methanol were 2.2±0.4%, 1.3±0.4%, and 1.4±0.1%, respectively. For each oxygenated organic compound, a single linear equation fits our emission factors from Alaska, North Carolina, and laboratory fires as a function of modified combustion efficiency (MCE). A linear equation for predicting the NH3/NOx emission ratio as a function of MCE fits our Alaskan AFTIR results and those from many other studies. AFTIR spectra collected in downwind smoke that had aged 2.2±1 hours in the upper, early plume yielded ΔO3/ΔCO ratios of 7.9±2.4% resulting from O3 production rates of ∼50 ppbv h−1. The ΔNH3/ΔCO ratio in another plume decreased to 1/e of its initial value in ∼2.5 hours. A set of average emission ratios and emission factors for fires in Alaskan boreal forests is derived. We estimate that the 1997 Alaskan fires emitted 46±11 Tg of CO2.