Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Simulation Study of Animal Population Estimation Using the Capture-Recapture Method

Capture-recapture methods are widely used to gather data for the estimation of various parameters of animal populations, where these data consist of a record of the captures and recaptures of all the individual animals seen in samples taken over a period of time. Unfortunately, problems are not over when the data have been obtained since a suitable method of analysis must then be used. The choice of a method is often not a simple matter since there are a number of alternatives, requiring different assumptions and giving different results. The choice is relatively easy if it is possible to decide precisely what assumptions can be made with regard to the sampling situation and behaviour of the animals (see, for example, Southwood 1966; Parr, Gaskell & George 1968 or, for a more detailed discussion, Cormack 1968), but this is often not the case. Difficulties arise when it is not known whether an assumption holds, or when an assumption is known to almost hold. It is hoped that the present paper will help the experimenter to choose between three particular methods of analysis, each of which can be used when the population under study is changing due to ingress ('births') and egress ('deaths'). We consider a form of the capture-recapture experiment where five samples are taken, with an equal interval of time between each, but it is felt that the relevance of the results is not restricted to this particular situation. The methods of analysis that are considered are given by Fisher & Ford (1947), Jolly (1965) and Manly & Parr (1968). If we consider the assumptions: (a) that sampling is random; (b) that survival rates and probabilities of capture are unaffected by the marking of animals; (c) that survival rates are independent of the age of animals; and (d) that survival rates are approximately constant during the capture-recapture experiment, then all of these assumptions are required for the method of Fisher & Ford, the first three for the method of Jolly and the first two for the method of Manly & Parr. The results reported here illustrate the behaviour of the three methods when all four assumptions hold, and also their behaviour when only the first two assumptions hold. The technique of computer simulation was used to obtain the results. A considerable number of artificial animal populations were generated on the K.D. F.9 computer at the University of Salford and random samples taken from these so that population parameters could be estimated. In this way the three methods of data analysis have been examined empirically over a wide range of conditions, with true parameter values being known exactly. This technique would seem to be the only way to perform such an extensive examination of the behaviour of the methods.
Phylogenetic relationship of sinipercine fishes in East Asia based on cytochrome b sequences analysis

Sinipercine fishes are endemic in East Asia. To test its monophyly and resolve some questions on its classification, we analyzed the full length of cytochrome b gene sequence of Siniperca chuatsi,S.kneri,S.scherzeri,S.obscura,S.undulata and Coreosiniperca(Cs.) roulei using specific primers and PCR amplification techniques. Together with the sequences of Coreoperca kawamebari, C.herzi and C.whiteheadi from GenBank, molecular phylogenetic relationships of the sinipercine fishes were constructed. Both of NJ tree and MP tree showed that sinipercine fishes were a monophyletic group, which could be divided into two sister groups:group Siniperca and group Coreoperca.Instead of forming an independent group, Cs.roulei was grouped within genus Siniperca, the genus Coreosiniperca wasnt warranted and Cs.roulei should be merged into Siniperca. The phylogenetic relationship of group Siniperca in MP tree showed S.roulei and S.obscura were relatively primitive, while S.chuatsi,S.kneri, S.scherzeri, S.undulata were more specialized, which was perfectly consistent with their morphological and ecological characteristics evolution. In another group, C.whiteheadi was the sister species of C.hezi,then grouped with C.kawamebari, this relationship was consistent with their geographic distribution pattern. These results were helpful for further understanding systematic position, species validity and biogeography of the sinipercine fishes.
Biocontrol of phytophthora blight of red pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici using Bacillus subtilis AH18 and B. licheniformis K11 formulations

Bacillus subtilis AH18 and B. licheniformis K11 are multi-functional plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that promote growth of red peppers and suppress phytophtora blight caused by Phytophtora capsici. A formulation of the two Bacillus strains was developed by producing heat-shocked endospores that had increased heat resistance. For large-scale cultivation in an 8-L jar fermentor, optimal culture conditions were pH 6.8, fermentation temperature of 30, and agitation speed of 180 rpm, with antifoaming agents added at a ventilation condition of 0.8 vvm. Induction of vegetative growth was achieved using 5.0×10-6 M dipicolinic acid and 7.0×10-4 M CaCl2. The subsequent large-scale cultivation produced viable cell numbers of 109 colony forming units/mL. High and low temperature stability tests of pilot products subjected to extreme storage conditions in accordance with thermal stability test standards revealed that storage for up to three years was possible without adverse effects. The combined use of two Bacillus microbial agents in vivo synergistically suppressed phytophthora blight, even following storage of the bacterial formulation at 54°C for 6 weeks. In field tests involving a phytophthora blight outbreak in red pepper, 40% of untreated peppers died, whereas 80% of peppers treated with the bacterial formulation survived for 65 days. The results indicate the potential of the B. subtilis AH18 and B. licheniformis K11 co-treatment for organic pepper farming.
Towards a High Dimensional Data Management System

High dimensional data is ubiquitous nowadays and plays an important role in many artiﬁcial intelligence (AI) applications such as face recognition, image retrieval, and knowledge base construction. The semantics of images, video, documents, and knowledge can be captured by meaningful high dimensional feature vectors extracted from deep learning models. Though there are many research in querying and indexing high dimensional data, most of them are point solutions. The high dimensional data, such as feature vectors, is still largely managed by the application developers individually. In this paper, we propose to manage the high dimensional data in a systematical way and present the design of Saber , an end-to-end high dimensional data management system. Saber features scalability, high performance, and ease of use and conﬁgure. It consists of several modules, including data ingestion, storage management, index management, and polystore query processing. We aim at integrating Saber with the mature AI ecosystem and helping AI practitioners reduce the burden of managing high dimensional data.
Climate change management strategies to handle and cope with extreme weather and climate events

Article history Received: 28 August 2020 Accepted: 21 September 2020 Published Online: 30 September 2020 Increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases causes rising in global warming and carbon dioxide emissions. With further efforts to reduce carbon dioxide, it is possible to prevent the warming of the earth, but the effects of climate change that we have already created can not be reduced. Recent observed and predicted alterations in the global climate require a double policy to react to the decline in climate alteration and its adjustment (coexistence) to explain the key factors and their effects. Measures to reduce climate alteration through decreasing greenhouse gas releases or removing them from the atmosphere are possible. Execution of more reduction measures at the present time will require less adaptation in the future. Meanwhile, inadequate measures to curb climate change presently increase the risk of catastrophic consequences, so that adjustment costs will rise unreasonably and adaptive capacity will face further constraints. Climate change adaptation measures concentrate in increasing our capability to deal with or prevent damaging effects or the use of new circumstances. Increasing temperature and changes visible today due to climate change mean that adaptation strategies should be applied. In this paper, strategies for reducing climate change and adaptation are reviewed and various strategies are presented. Meanwhile, this paper looks at the economies affected by climate change, our involvement to climate alteration, and the ways in which the economy has influenced climate change and the ways in which it can provide logical options.
CARBON DISTRIBUTION IN PROTEIN LOCAL STRUCTURE DIRECT SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE TO DISEASE WAY

During the reaction involving superoxide dismutase (SOD), the oxidized Cu(II) form converts one superoxide molecule into oxygen while itself getting reduced to Cu(I) form. This reduced form of Cu(I) again converts another superoxide molecule into hydrogen peroxide and returns to oxidized Cu(II) form. Amyotrophic sclerosis is associated to instability in SOD and oxidative damage. Amyotrophic sclerosis mutants of human SOD form aggregates due to destabilization. Mostly these aggregates are due to hydrophobic interaction which comes from carbon present in the SOD. Some of these mutations found in amyotrophic sclerosis are studied here. Results reveal that most of these mutations alter local hydrophobic structures that are responsible for disorder. Carbon distribution analysis program is effective in identification and modification of mutational sites in biological sequences. This can be better exploited for gene therapy. Keywords: Superoxide dismutase; carbon distribution study; CARd; mutation; metalloprotein; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; FALS.
Productivity of maize (Zea mays) wheat (Triticum aestivum) system under dif- ferent tillage and crop establishment practices

The experiment with eight treatments: Flat conventional tillage (CT) in kharif followed by CT in rabi (CT/CT)], Flat CT/no tillage (NT) (CT/NT), NT/NT, NT + wheat straw mulch @ 5 t/ha(S)/NT (NT+S/NT), Fresh beds (FB)/flat CT (FB/CT), CT/FB, permanent beds (PB)/permanent beds (PB/PB) and PB+S/PB was conducted at PAU, Ludhiana during kharif and rabi seasons of 2003-04 and 2004-2005 in RBD with four replications. Straw mulching in PB+S/PB or NT+S/NT reduced the soil temperature and improved photosynthetically active radiation intercep- tion that however failed to increase yield of maize and wheat markedly. NT+S/NT and PB+S/PB in maize recorded 10.37 and 3.40% less consumptive use (CU) of water than CT/CT and FB/CT treatments, respectively during 2004. PB+S/PB treatment in wheat recorded significantly lower CU and higher water use efficiency (WUE) than all CT and NT treatments. Soil bulk density recorded in NT/NT (1.50 g/cm3) was significantly higher than CT/CT, FB/ CT, CT/FB, PB/PB and PB+S/PB treatments. On an average, the highest net returns (Rs 43,536/ha) were ob- served in NT/NT treatment. The minimum input energy and energy output/input ratio (13.82) was seen in PB/PB treatment while energy output (3,92,035 MJ/ha/year) was highest in NT+S/NT.
Model selection strategies in genome-wide association studies

Unravelling the genetic architecture of common diseases is a continuing challenge in human genetics. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have proven to be successful in identifying many new disease susceptibility loci, the extension of these studies beyond single-SNP methods of analysis has been limited. The incorporation of multi-locus methods of analysis may, however, increase the power of GWAS to detect genes of smaller effect size, as well as genes that interact with each other and the environment. This investigation carried out large-scale simulations of four multi-locus model selection techniques; namely forward and backward selection, Bayesian model averaging (BMA) and least angle regression with a lasso modification (lasso), in order to compare the type I error rates and power of each method. At a type I error rate of ~5%, lasso showed the highest power across varied effect sizes, disease frequencies and genetic models. Lasso penalized regression was then used to perform three different types of analysis on GWAS data. Firstly, lasso was applied to the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) data and identified many of the WTCCC SNPs that had a moderate-strong association (p<10-5) type 2 diabetes (T2D), as well as some of the moderate WTCCC associations (p<10-4) that have since been replicated in a large-scale meta-analysis. Secondly, lasso was used to fine-map the 17q21 childhood asthma risk locus and identified putative secondary signals in the 17q21 region, that may further contribute to childhood asthma risk. Finally, lasso identified three potential interaction effects potentially contributing towards coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. While the validity of these findings hinges on their replication in follow-up studies, the results suggest that lasso may provide scientists with exciting new methods of dissecting, and ultimately understanding, the complex genetic framework underlying common human diseases.
An Enhanced PROMOT Algorithm with D2D and Robust for Mobile Edge Computing

With the development of the fifth-generation network (5G), the base station is becoming denser and denser, which leads to the user device is covered by multiple edge servers in mobile edge computing. Based on this, user devices have more options to decide on which server to offload the tasks. However, there may be still a few user devices located on the edge of a region that is not covered by any edge servers. The user device can only execute tasks locally resulting in excessive latency or energy consumption. To solve the problem, in this paper, an Enhanced PRiori Offloading Mechanism with joint Offloading proportion and Transmission (EPROMOT) power algorithm is proposed. Firstly, a mobile edge computing (MEC) model with device-to-device (D2D) technology is proposed. Then a tradeoff problem consists of the overhead of latency and energy consumption is formulated. Next, a Genetic algorithm is adopted to resolve the tradeoff problem. Besides a prevention mechanism is proposed to increase the robust when the edge server is shut down during the offloading time slot. Finally, experiments have performed to show the outperformance of the EPROMOT algorithm.
Investigation of a Locus on Chromosome 9 for Contributions to Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome in Broilers

Although the ascites syndrome in chickens has been investigated for years, it continues to inflict financial losses to the world poultry industry. It is estimated that 8% of the 361 million broiler deaths are due to ascites leading to losses of millions of dollars annually. Efforts to curb the incidence of ascites are typically designed to slow early growth. This limits the birds’ ability to show its true genetic potential and impacts later yields. In 1994 lines divergent for susceptibility to ascites were established from a commercial sire line through sibling selection of birds reared at local altitude after testing siblings reared under simulated high altitude conditions. We used a whole genome SNP survey in our lines to identify regions associated with susceptibility. Seven potential regions were identified. Using microsatellite markers on chromosome 9 linked to genes with known contributions to Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome, a survey of the lines (Generation -14) was accomplished. This survey revealed that the selected lines changed in allele frequency for the markers as compared to each other and the line of origin. Changes were consistent with patterns of susceptibility and resistance to ascites. In addition to the research populations, it was determined that three commercial lines are also segregating for resistance related alleles from these regions. The data support the predictive nature of these loci in that, the presence of a specific genotype is associated with resistance to ascites. These microsatellite markers show utility in several different lines and therefore, could be used for marker assisted selection to improve ascites resistance. Finally, economic impact of utilizing these markers was evaluated. Significant differences were found among the genotypes of a marker for absolute breast, percentage breast and percentage leg. Therefore, if these markers have to be super-imposed in commercial selection programs, there could be compromises on traits of economic importance. This dissertation is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. Dissertation Director: _______________________________________ Nicholas B. Anthony, Ph.D. Dissertation Committee: ________________________________________ Douglas D. Rhoads, Ph.D. ________________________________________ Robert F. Wideman, Jr, Ph.D. ________________________________________ Suresh Kumar Thallapuranam, Ph.D. Dissertation Duplication Release I hereby authorize the University of Arkansas Libraries to duplicate this dissertation when needed for research and/or scholarship. Agreed ________________________________________ Sriram Krishnamoorthy Refused ________________________________________ Sriram Krishnamoorthy
Empirical Characterization of the Likelihood of Vulnerability Discovery

Assessing the risk of the likelihood of a vulnerability discovery is very important for decision-makers to prioritize which vulnerability should be investigated and fixed first. Currently, the likelihood of vulnerability discovery is being assessed based on expert opinion which could potentially hinder its accuracy. In this study, we propose using Time to Vulnerability Disclosure (TTVD) as a proxy for assessing the likelihood of vulnerability discovery. We will then empirically explore characterizing TTVD using intrinsic vulnerability attributes including CVSS Base metrics and vulnerabilities types. We examine 799 reported vulnerabilities of Chrome and 156 vulnerabilities of the Apache HTTP server. The results show that TTVD correlated at a statistically significant level to some of the intrinsic attributes, namely, access complexity metric, confidentiality, and integrity metrics, and the vulnerabilities' types. Our results from machine learning analysis also show ranges of TTVD values are associated with specific combined values of the metrics under consideration.
A binary vector based on Basta resistance for in planta transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana

Nous decrivons un nouveau vecteur de transformation de plantes, pGKB5, pour l'etiquetage de genes par l'ADN-T chez Arabidopsis thaliana, a l'aide des techniques de transformation in planta. La region ADN-T contient deux marqueurs selectionnables conferant la resistance a la kanamycine et au Basta. Un gene rapporteur β-glucuronidase sans promoteur est accole a la frontiere droite de l'ADN-T, pour realiser des fusions de gene par insertion dans le genome vegetal. La resistance au Basta permet la selection de transformants en serre a haute densite [. ]
Review of the genus Dilophotes Waterhouse (Coleoptera: Lycidae) of the Palaearctic Region and Indochina

The Palaearctic and Indochinese species of the genus Dilophotes Waterhouse, 1879 are reviewed. Stenolycus Ohbayashi, 1956 is considered a junior synonym of Dilophotes. Stenolycus ohirai Ohbayashi, 1956 and Stenolycus vandykei Nakane, 1970 are transferred to Dilophotes. Twelve new species are described here: Dilophotes anthracinus sp. n. , D. bhutanensis sp. n. , D. bolavensis sp. n. , D. holzschuhi sp. n. , D. jendeki sp. n. , D. kubani sp. n. , D. laosensis sp. n. , D. lizipingensis sp. n. , D. luteus sp. n. , D. moxiensis sp. n. , D. pacholatkoi sp. n. , and D. sausai sp. n. Most previously known species are redescribed and a key to all species is provided. Male genitalia and important external characters are illustrated.
Growth, yield, quality and leaf nutrient status as influenced by planting densities and varieties of apricot

The two planting densities (3.5 m × 3.5 m and 5 m × 5 m) as main plot and four apricot varieties (CITH-Apricot-1, CITH-Apricot-2, Harcot and Erani) as sub-plot treatment were laid out in split plot design with three replication. Experimental results clearly indicated that maximum trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) of tree (118.38 cm2), fruit number (2,044), fruit weight (56.43 g), fruit size (4.87 cm × 5.06 cm) and yield (118.68 kg/tree), stone weight (3.50 g), stone size (2.59 cm × 2.24 cm), kernel weight (1.13 g) and size (1.66 cm × 1.39 cm), TSS (15.90°Brix) and leaf N,P,K content (1.17, 0.149, 1.69%) were recorded at wider spacing 5 m × 5 m. Whereas, fruit yield per hectare (52.05 t/ha) and acidity (0.71%) was maximum in closer plant spacing (3.5 m × 3.5 m) in main plot treatment. Among variety, maximum trunk cross-sectional area, fruit weight, size, fruit yield, TSS and leaf NPK contents were recorded in CITH-Apricot-1. However, fruit number, stone weight, size, kernel weight, size and acidity were recorded in CITH-Apricot-2. TSS/acid ratio was highest in Harcot.
First report of ‘mining’ as a feeding behaviour among Australian manna-feeding birds

The Forty-spotted Pardalote Pardalotus quadragintus is an endangered songbird endemic to the forests of Tasmania, Australia. Forty-spotted Pardalotes forage predominantly in the foliage of White (or Manna) Gums Eucalyptus viminalis for invertebrates, lerps (the protective coverings produced by psyllids) and manna, a crystallized exudate produced by certain Eucalyptus species. Although many Australian birds feed on manna, this study reports the first observations of birds actively stimulating manna production rather than feeding on it opportunistically. In light of these observations, we also compared rates of manna production across tree species and sizes, and quantified the relative importance of manna in nestling diet. Adult Forty-spotted Pardalotes stimulated manna production by clipping leaf stalks with their bills, creating small incisions in the stem surface. We experimentally mimicked this behaviour and found that, in 53.7% of incisions of E. viminalis, manna flow was released within 3 days. However, none of the other three common tree species at our sites produced manna in response to the same experimental damage. There was no effect of tree size on manna production by E. viminalis. To determine the importance of manna and other food sources in nestling diet, we videotaped provisioning trips by adults to nests and surveyed food availability in E. viminalis foliage within territories. Manna was the most important food item, comprising 84.2% of identified food items provided to nestlings, and it was selected over 50 times more frequently than expected given its relative availability in the foliage. As a manna miner, the Forty-spotted Pardalote is the first Australian bird to join the small number of bird species that mine sap or other exudates of trees. Their preference for manna as a food source, especially in nestling diet, provides an explanation for the species’ specialization on E. viminalis, the only manna-producing tree at our sites. Our results suggest that E. viminalis forests provide critical food supply for developing nestlings, and that restoration of E. viminalis forests will be critical to the long-term viability of Forty-spotted Pardalote populations.