Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Cluster Head Active Switching Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on LEACH Protocol

In this paper, a cluster head active switching algorithm is proposed for the problem that the wireless sensor network is exhausted by the energy of the cluster head node in the stable phase of data transmission. By periodically determining the head energy of the cluster head, the algorithm can complete the switching of the cluster head before the energy of the cluster head node is exhausted. The new cluster head node is determined by calculating the cluster head fitness index and adjusting the relevant parameter values, and determining whether it is necessary to switch to the new cluster head node. The calculation and analysis results of the example show that for the selection of new cluster heads, the algorithm can ensure that the new cluster head nodes are reasonable in the selection of energy and distance indicators.
25.2 A 480mA Output-Capacitor-Free Synthesizable Digital LDO Using CMP- Triggered Oscillator and Droop Detector with 99.99% Current Efficiency, 1.3ns Response Time, and 9.8A/mm2 Current Density

Individual power management is required to adjust the supply voltage of intellectual properties (IPs) for better energy efficiency in a system-on-chip design [1]. For this application, integrated digital low-dropout regulators (DLDOs) are attractive with better scalability, smaller sizes of pass gates, and wider input ranges. Recently, new DLDO architectures have been presented that remove an output-decoupling capacitor [1], [2] and regulate large load currents [3], [5] while offering high current efficiency. Event-driven DLDOs achieve fast settling time with a self-clocked structure [1] and a computational controller [5]. Moreover, a modular hybrid architecture [3] and an analog-assisted loop (AA-loop) [2], [4] exhibit outstanding performance in terms of a high PSRR, low-voltage droop, and low output ripple. However, the DLDOs do not completely evade the trade-off between the size of the output capacitor and the amount of the load transient current. In this paper, the synthesizable DLDO employing a comparator (CMP)-triggered oscillator and a droop detector is presented. High current efficiency and fast response to load variation are achieved without an output capacitor. In addition, the DLDO is fully synthesized using a script-based auto place-and-route process, with the exception of only pass gates and a 210fF on-chip capacitor for droop detection. Exploiting the benefit of the capacitor-free design and the synthesizability, this work offers high current density leading to efficient integration.
Identification of Medicinal Plants by Visual Characteristics of Leaves and Flowers

In Ayurveda medicine, correct identification of medicinal plants is of great importance. Plants are identified by human experts using their visual features and aroma. Incorrect identification of medicinal plants may lead to adverse results. Plant identification can be automated using visual morphological characteristics such as the shape, color, and texture of the leaves and flowers. This paper presents how rare medicinal plants were identified with high accuracy by applying image processing and machine learning capabilities. For this study, a database was created from scanned images of leaves and flowers of rare medicinal plants used in Sri Lankan Ayurveda medicine. Both the front and back sides of leaves and flowers were captured. The leaves are classified based on the unique feature combination. Identification rates up to 98% have been obtained when tested over 10 plants.
3.2 A 0.0088mm2 Resistor-Based Temperature Sensor Achieving 92fJ·K2 FoM in 65nm CMOS

Resistor-based temperature sensors can achieve superior performance in terms of energy efficiency and resolution compared to their BJT counterparts. Among them, Wien-(WB)[1]- and Wheatstone-Bridge (WhB)[2] -based architectures are the most popular. They employ an integrated resistor as a sensor and read out the temperature-dependent voltage/current/phase-shift using a high-resolution ΔΣ analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The high gain of the sensor combined with small quantization error of the ΔΣ ADC make these architectures the best in terms of resolution FoM (20 to 100fJ.K2)[1], [2]. However, high-resolution ΔΣ ADCs occupy large area :0.1mm2. Using a polyphase filter as a sensor, [3] proposed a frequency-locked-loop FLL-based readout scheme to solve both the area problem and the high-frequency clock requirement see Fig. 3.2. 1. While it significantly reduced the area <0.01mm2, the FLL front-end circuits, specifically the zero-crossing detector (ZCD) and the charge-pump (CP), significantly limited the noise and accuracy performance, resulting in a resolution FoM of 430fJ.K2. In [4] the ZCD flicker noise and offset are cancelled using a dual-edge phase-frequency detector. However, the resulting performance is still limited by the CP noise resulting in an FoM of 260fJ.K2, which is 2.4x worse than that of the WB sensor in [1].
28.3 A 5.2Mpixel 88.4dB-DR 12in CMOS X-Ray Detector with 16b Column-Parallel Continuous-Time ΔΣ ADCs

CMOS X-ray detectors used in industrial and medical equipment should provide a full image depth even for a specific region of interest, and require high resolution, low noise, and wide DR in a wafer-scale detector [1], [4]. To achieve a wide DR, a large integration capacitor is required within the pixel to prevent its saturation at high dose, but this degrades image quality at low dose. To facilitate wide DR (>70dB), a conventional detector uses a column-parallel readout with a programmable gain amplifier (PGA) and an ADC [3]. However, the PGA consumes substantially more power and area than the ADC, and its gain control requires multiple X-ray exposures. The use of switched-capacitor (SC) ΔΣ ADC provides wide DR with an improved noise performance [2], [5]. However, its SC input draws high peak current that must be supplied by pixels and reference drivers, and its complex clock distribution also requires high power consumption.
Blockchain-based Access Control Data Distribution System

In the Internet age, data distribution is an important means of information dissemination. However, there are many problems that are difficult to solve in data distribution. Current data distribution needs to rely on third-party distribution platforms, but it is easy to generate centralized rights, which causes data creators to lose their legitimate rights and interests. Moreover, data leakage is easy to occur during data storage and transmission, and data integrity and authenticity cannot be guaranteed. In view of the above problems, a blockchain-based data distribution system is designed. We use the decentralization feature of the blockchain to remove the centralized platform, allowing peers in the blockchain network to directly trade as data creators and data consumers. And the data is tracked using the integrity of the data in the blockchain network. At the same time, the ciphertext-based attribute encryption algorithm and smart contract are used to control the user’s access rights. Use cryptography to protect the privacy, security, and verifiability of your data.
Semantic Segmentation of Paved Road and Pothole Image Using U-Net Architecture

Research on road monitoring system has been actively conducted by using both machine learning and deep learning technique. One of our nearest goal in the framework of road condition monitoring system is to segment all road related object and provide a technical report regarding road condition. Our final objective is to develop a community participant-based system for road condition monitoring. As one of our task, in this research, we start with the segmentation of road and pothole. To conduct this task we proposed a semantic segmentation method for road and pothole image segmentation by using one of the famous deep learning technique U-Net. Various condition of road images were used for training and validating the model. The experiment result showed that U-Net model can achieve 97 % of accuracy and 0.86 of mean Intersection Over Union (mIOU).
Log Anomaly Detection Using Adaptive Universal Transformer

This work shows deep learning log anomaly detection mechanism based on modifications of DeepLog. Instead of using LSTM as implemented on DeepLog, we use adaptive universal transformer model to allow learning long input sequences, which is difficult to do with LSTM. Our experiments show that by utilizing adaptive universal transformer in DeepLog we can train the model using arbitrarily longer sequences that result in good accuracy in detecting log anomaly.
A Study of Multispectral Technology and Two-Dimension Autoencoder for Coal and Gangue Recognition

Coal is one of the main sources of human energy. In the process of coal mining, separating gangue from coal has great significance for environmental protection and energy conservation. The core problem in the separation of gangue is the recognition of coal and gangue. In this study, multispectral technology was used to identify gangue. First, set up a data acquisition system in the laboratory, and then collect spectral data. Coal and gangue spectral data were collected in 202 and 201 groups, respectively. Secondly, design a spectral data dimension reduction model called two-dimension autoencoder(2D-AE). Finally, Random Forest was used to recognize coal and gangue. Meanwhile, CART, KNN, SVM, and AdaBoost were also used for gangue identification. The experimental results show that the maximum average accuracy by 2D-AE combined with RF was the largest, which was 98.89%. Also, the accuracy of gangue recognition is different for spectral images of different wavelengths. This paper mainly studies the recognition of coal and gangue based on multispectral technology, which is of great significance for the next step of detecting gangue based on the technology.
Particle-in-Cell Investigation on the Effective Way of Improving the Emission Performance of a Novel Multipacting Cathode

The influences of parameters on the emission performance of a novel multipacting cathode are numerically investigated by using particle-in-cell (PIC) method in this article, including cathode length, material secondary electron yield (SEY), and the magnitude values of external magnetic field, applied axial and radial electric field. The numerical results demonstrate that the effective way of improving the emission performance of the novel multipacting cathode is synchronously increasing the magnitude values of applied axial electric field, radial electric field, and external magnetic field. Through this way, the output current could be notably increased. Meanwhile, the output electrons are with low energy spread and good emittance.
Markov Chain Based Outage Analysis of Wireless Powered Relay Networks

This paper studies the outage performance of wireless powered relay networks using the Markov chain theory. By adopting the discrete-level model to the finite-capacity energy storage, the energy arrival and departure of the wireless powered relay is characterized, based on which the state transitions among all the energy states are formulated. The theoretical expressions of three kinds of outage probabilities, namely the connection outage probability (COP), the energy outage probability (EOP) and the overall outage probability (OOP) of the proposed network are derived. It has been found that the EOP would be significantly decreased by increasing the transmit power of source, the energy conversion efficiency, a ndbyr educing the distance of source-relay link, while the COP would decline severely by reducing the transmission rate and the distance of relay-destination link. The results also demonstrate that the OOP would be dominated by COP with short distance of source-relay link and long distance of relay-destination link. By contrast, when the distances of source-relay and relay-destination links get longer and shorter, respectively, the EOP would become dominant to the OOP. Numerical simulations have illustrated the validity of the theoretical analysis.
Reversible Homonymous Inferior Quadrantanopia in a Nonketotic Hyperglycemic Patient

ABSTRACT Homonymous hemianopia is frequently associated with retrochiasmal lesions. Vascular etiology is the most common and usually evident on magnetic resonance imaging. When the results of neuroimaging are normal, there are other etiologies that we should consider, like nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH). We report a 62-year-old female diabetic patient with headache, colour vision and sudden homonymous inferior quadrantanopia and elevated blood sugar levels with normal pH. The neuroimaging was normal and the visual lost improved after the correction of the hyperglycemia. NKH should be considered in patients with sudden and transient hemianopia and normal neuroimaging.
Experimental investigation of nonlinear spiral phase plates

We experimentally investigate a novel type of diffractive optical element – a nonlinear spiral phase plate. In contrast to the conventional spiral phase plates, the transmission function of the new element is described as exp(imφn ). The intensity distributions generated by these elements have a spiral shape with an intensity gradient. The phase distribution of the generated light fields is also spiral shaped. We believe that the proposed diffractive element will be useful in the area of laser manipulation and laser–matter interaction.
Dihydrolipoic acid coated alloyed quantum dots

Alloyed quantum dots (QDs) are the popular material for the fabrication of the light-emitting diodes because of their optical parameters advantages. One of the most interesting features peculiar to this QDs class is the ability to controlled size-independent emission peak tuning via compound amounts changing. The same advantages can be valuable in bioanalytical methods and sensor systems development. Facile one-pot synthesis of the bright quaternary alloyed QDs made by CdxZn1-xSeyS1-y/ZnS semiconductor composition with narrow (FWHM < 26 nm) emission peak (548 nm) and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) up to 50% was described. Obtained QDs were stabilized in water by the dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) ligand exchange approach with insignificant PLQY loss relative initial (16%) and great colloidal stability period (6 months). This article summarizes the easiest ways of the alloyed QDs synthesis and subsequent hydrophilization for the potential simplification of their large-amounts manufacturing procedure.
Swelling and gelatinization of cereal starches. IV. Some effects of lipid-complexed amylose and free amylose in waxy and normal barley starches

Cereal Chem. 70:385-391. Amylose (AM) and lysophospholipid (LPL) contents were directly correlated in barley starches, but the linear regressions that described the relationships in waxy and nonwaxy starches were quite different. The data indicated that AM exists partially as lipid-complexed amylose (L.AM), with an LPL-to-L.AM ratio of 1:7 and partially as lipid-free amylose (F.AM). The [13]C-cross polarization/magic angle spinning-nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/MAS-NMR) spectra of the nonwaxy starches had a broad resonance with a chemical shift of 31.2 +/- 0.4 ppm, which is characteristic of midchain methylene carbons of fatty acids in the solid state or in V-amylose (V-AM) complexes. The extracted lipid was a viscous liquid that, when mixed with seven parts AM, did not give a discernible peak under the conditions used to acquire the solid- state spectra. However, when the lipid was complexed with AM, it gave a typical V-AM spectrum and a broad resonance at 31.8 ppm. This proves lipid complexed with L.AM existed in the native starches and was not an artifact formed subsequently from free LPL and F.AM. The intensity of the resonance was consistent with the LPL content of the starches. Independent supporting evidence was obtained by differential scanning calorimetry that showed a constant enthalpy for disordering of amylopectin, DeltaH(AP), for all waxy and nonwaxy starches, regardless of L.AM content and, hence, no exothermic formation of L.AM during starch gelatinization. Twelve waxy barley starches used in this study contained 0.8-4.0% L.AM and 0.9-6.4% F.AM; six nonwaxy starches contained 6.1-7.2% L.AM and 23.1-25.0% F.AM. All starches had essentially identical AP structures, as show by the chain lengths of debranched starches fractionated by gel-permeation chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. L.AM and F.AM appeared to have quite different effects on starch gelatinization behavior. Peak gelatinization temperature (Tp) of the waxy starches was p ositively correlated with L.AM content; because the Tp of the nonwaxy starches was much lower than predicted from the regression equation for the waxy starches, we concluded that F.AM lowered Tp. Swelling of starches at 80 C is essentially a property of AP content that is inhibited by LPL, but the relationship is not strictly linear. An improved equation to describe swelling properties assumed that 80% of the F.AM swelled with the AP fraction, although swelling was inhibited by L.AM0.485.
Blood pressure control and vascular protection with a fixed-dose combination of lisinopril + amlodipine + rosuvastatin in hypertensive patients

Aim: Assessment of the possibility of the fixed-dose combination of lisinopril + amlodipine + rosuvastatin (Equamer) to achieve further angioprotection in patients with arterial hypertension and high pulse wave velocity (PWV) despite the previous combination antihypertensive therapy (AHT). Methods: The 24-week open-label multi-center observational study involved 60 patients who received dual combination AHT for 6 months. All patients underwent 24 h blood pressure (BP) monitoring, applanation tonometry (determination of the augmentation index and central BP), measurement of the pulse wave velocity and laboratory tests [blood lipids, fasting glucose test, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), leptin, ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (us-CRP)] before and after switching to the fixed-dose combination of lisinopril + amlodipine + rosuvastatin (Equamer). Results: According to the office BP measurements, switching the patients from the dual combinations to the fixed-dose combination of lisinopril + amlodipine + rosuvastatin has resulted in a further decrease of 14.3% in systolic BP (SBP) and 18.5% in diastolic BP (DBP). According to the 24 h BP monitoring data, the SBP has decreased by 16.1% and the DBP by 21.8%. The combination of lisinopril + amlodipine + rosuvastatin has reduced the SBP by 14.4%, the augmentation index by 14.5% and the central SBP by 8.1% (P < 0.01 vs. baseline). The fixed-dose combination of lisinopril + amlodipine + rosuvastatin has provided a 44%-decrease in low-density lipoproteins, a 36.1%-decrease in triglycerids and a 10.3%-increase in highdensity lipoproteins (P < 0.01 vs. baseline). The use of the fixed-dose combination of lisinopril + amlodipine + rosuvastatin has provided a definite decrease in the insulin resistance, as well as levels of us-CRP and leptin. Conclusions: The fixed-dose combination of lisinopril + amlodipine + rosuvastatin provides improved BP control, better vessel elasticity indicators (augmentation index, PWV, central BP), boosts the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and helps to reduce the inflammation and leptin resistance in patients who initially received a dual combination AHT.
Novel Compound Heterozygous Variants of ETHE1 Causing Ethylmalonic Encephalopathy in a Chinese Patient: A Case Report

Ethylmalonic encephalopathy (EE) is a very rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that primarily affects children. Less than one hundred EE patients have been diagnosed worldwide. The clinical manifestations include chronic diarrhea, petechiae, orthostatic acrocyanosis, psychomotor delay and regression, seizures, and hypotonia. The ETHE1 gene has been shown to be associated with EE, and genetic sequencing provides concrete evidence for diagnosis. To date, only 37 variants of ETHE1 have been reported as disease-causing in EE patients. We identified two novel ETHE1 variants, i.e., c.595+1G>T at the canonical splice site and the missense variant c.586G>C (p. D196H), in a 3-year-old Chinese boy with EE. The patient had mild symptoms with only chronic diarrhea. The typical symptoms, including spontaneous petechiae, acrocyanosis, and hypotonia, were all absent. Herein, we report on the clinical, biochemical, and genetic findings of our patient and review the phenotypes and genotypes of all patients with EE caused by ETHE1 variants with available information. This study supports the early assessment and diagnosis of EE.
Latinx Immigrant Farmworker Community Health Promotion: A Needs Assessment

The present study examined the health promotion intervention needs of Latinx immigrant farmworker families residing in Oregon. Grounded theory qualitative procedures were used to analyze the needs assessment data from 31 Latinx immigrant farmworker residents and key informant interviews as well as four focus groups with resident youth and parents. A theoretical model of how key family-based health behaviors can both confer risk for and protection against negative physical, mental, and social health outcomes among Latinx farmworking communities emerged. Six primary areas of concern emerged from these data, leading to the identification of primary health promotion intervention needs with three foci: (a) the provision of sustainable supports and resources, (b) skill development so that individuals could successfully negotiate identified challenges, and (c) greater community efficacy. Findings underscore the importance of social support and resource accessibility for Latinx immigrant populations.
Ladybird beetle–inspired compliant origami

Ladybird beetle–inspired origami uses the deformation and geometry of its facet to enable unique energy storage and self-locking. Origami can enable structures that are compact and lightweight. The facets of an origami structure in traditional designs, however, are essentially nondeformable rigid plates. Therefore, implementing energy storage and robust self-locking in these structures can be challenging. We note that the intricately folded wings of a ladybird beetle can be deployed rapidly and effectively sustain aerodynamic forces during flight; these abilities originate from the geometry and deformation of a specialized vein in the wing of this insect. We report compliant origami inspired by the wing vein in ladybird beetles. The deformation and geometry of the compliant facet enables both large energy storage and self-locking in a single origami joint. On the basis of our compliant origami, we developed a deployable glider module for a multimodal robot. The glider module is compactly foldable, is rapidly deployable, and can effectively sustain aerodynamic forces. We also apply our compliant origami to enhance the energy storage capacity of the jumping mechanism in a jumping robot.
Pitch-synchronous Discrete Cosine Transform Features for Speaker Identification and Verification

We propose a feature called pitch-synchronous discrete cosine transform (PS-DCT), derived from the voiced part of the speech for speaker identification (SID) and verification (SV) tasks. PS-DCT features are derived from the ‘time-domain, quasi-stationary waveform shape’ of the voiced sounds. We test our PS-DCT feature on TIMIT, Mandarin and YOHO datasets. On TIMIT with 168 and Mandarin with 855 speakers, we obtain the SID accuracies of 99.4% and 96.1%, respectively, using a Gaussian mixture model-based classifier. In the i-vector-based SV framework, fusing the ‘PS-DCT based system’ with the ‘MFCC-based system’ at the score level reduces the equal error rate (EER) for both YOHO and Mandarin datasets. In the case of limited test data and session variabilities, we obtain a significant reduction in EER, up to 5.8% (for test data of duration < 3