Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bangla Music Lyrics Classification

Music is one of the most important factors of human lives. People express their inner thoughts, emotions and feelings with the combination of both lyrics and musical instruments. With the passage of time, languages have also evolved and the structure of the languages have also changed. By listening to music, we can understand which genre the song belongs to. So, we have come up with an idea of classifying genre based on the music lyrics. There are few works where the researchers worked on genre based lyrics classification. However, those works were based on different languages such as English, Hindi and Spanish. As a result, we have got an opportunity to work on Bangla language. In this paper, we have used different machine learning (ML) models and a custom CNN model to classify Bangla Lyrics on “Bangla Song Lyrics” dataset which is available on Kaggle. Our proposed CNN model achieved highest accuracy of 69.36% with an F1-score of 69.17% among all models.
Optimization of target acquisition and sorting for object-finding multi-manipulator based on open MV vision

Abstract To optimize the mechanical arm target capture and classification of the open multiple-view (MV) visualization program, the open MV visualization programming and deep learning detection method combined with the different capture strategies of robotic arm, a method to extend the research is proposed. For the proposed sorting robot’s multi-cargo grasping, the analysis required to detect a wide variety of goods in a storage environment that lacks color or structural features uniformly. On the basis of SSD target detection method regression, the object’s 3D position information is reconstructed by default preselected cell selection. 3D coordinate accuracy of binocular navigation system was verified as 8% when the target cargo location distance is more than 5 cm, and binoculars matching success rate is 89.7%. The success rate of Sorting and hoarding is increased from 6% to 85% by adding a change to the scoring points of the target products of uneven quality, with this we have achieved efficient and accurate import.
Origins of monkeypox viruses and their strains circulating in 2022

Monkeypox has spread unprecedentedly to nearly 100 countries and infected more than 51,000 people since 1 May 2022. This large-scale outbreak constituted a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), as declared by the World Health Organization. To better recognize and control this outbreak, we explore here through phylogenetic analysis the origins of MPXVs and their strains circulating in 2022, which remain unclear so far. Our results suggest that MPXVs possibly originated from some cowpox viruses and three lineages of MPXVs within Clade IIb circulated in 2022. Our results also suggest that two MPXVs respectively similar to the two MPXVs exported from Nigeria to the USA in 2021, ON676708/USA/2021 and ON676707/USA/2021, evolved into two lineages and sparked the large-scale outbreak in 2022, after their unknown evolutionary and epidemiological journeys possibly in Nigeria, the USA, or other countries before May 2022. This view does not stigmatize any country, because monkeypox is an endemic zoonosis in west Africa with wildlife reservoirs, and its large-scale outbreak in 2022 also resulted from the global decline of population immunity against smallpox due to the cease of vaccination against smallpox decades ago.
Pathology of African Swine Fever in wild boar naturally infected with German virus variants

In 2020, African swine fever (ASF) was first notified in German wild boar, reaching a case number of about 4200 to date. Upon experimental infection, pathology is well-documented, however, data on field infections are very scarce in domestic pigs and not available from wild boar, respectively. Although ASF viral genome is considered exceptionally stable, a total of five lineages with 10 distinct virus variants of genotype II have emerged in Eastern Germany. To investigate the pathology in naturally infected wild boar and to evaluate virus variants II, III and IV for their virulence, wild boar carcasses were obtained from three different outbreak areas. The cadavers underwent virological and pathomorphological investigation. Regardless of the virus variant all wild boar revealed characteristic lesions of highest severity indicative for ASF. However, wild boar infected with variant IV from Spree-Neiße (SN) district showed lower viral genome loads and a lower total viral antigen score, but simultaneously revealed more chronic lesions. Our findings indicate a protracted course of the disease at least after infection with variant IV, but need confirmation under standardized experimental conditions. There is a strong need to monitor differences in the virulence among variants to identify potential attenuation that might complicate diagnosis.
Inverse correlation between stress response and virulence factor expression in FASII antibiotic ‐ adapted Staphylococcus aureus and consequences for infection

A crucial step in antimicrobial development pipelines is proof of functionality in the host environment. Antibiotics targeting fatty acid synthesis (FASII) of the major pathogen Staphylococcus aureus actively inhibit FASII but do not prevent in vivo growth, as bacteria compensate the FASII block by using environmental fatty acids. We report that S. aureus responds to FASII antibiotic treatment by major shifts in expression that correlate with improved fitness but decreased virulence, and with altered bacterial killing in an insect infection model. Proteomic kinetics and phosphoproteomic analyses show that anti ‐ FASII provokes massive protein reprogramming compared to non ‐ treated S. aureus , while growth is robust in both conditions. Anti ‐ FASII adaptation leads to overall increases in stress response functions and provides greater resistance to peroxide, as produced during host infection. Moreover, S. aureus adaptation to anti ‐ FASII is accelerated by pre ‐ treatment with peroxides. In contrast, virulence factor levels are decreased. In keeping with the observed phenotypes, anti ‐ FASII ‐ adapted S. aureus are slower to kill their host in a Galleria mellonella infection model than non ‐ treated bacteria, but are not eliminated. Thus, anti ‐ FASII adapted cells might be better prepared for survival and less equipped to damage the host. If not eliminated, anti ‐ FASII reprogrammed S. aureus populations might provide a bacterial reservoir for the emergence of chronic infections.
Evolutionary crowdsourcing: alignment of fitness landscapes allows cross-species adaptation of a horizontally transferred gene

Genes that undergo horizontal gene transfer (HGT) evolve in different genomic backgrounds as they move between hosts, in contrast to genes that evolve under strict vertical inheritance. Despite the ubiquity of HGT in microbial communities, the effects of host-switching on gene evolution have been understudied. Here, we present a novel framework to examine the consequences of host-switching on gene evolution by probing the existence and form of host-dependent mutational effects. We started exploring the effects of HGT on gene evolution by focusing on an antibiotic resistance gene (encoding a beta-lactamase) commonly found on conjugative plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae pathogens. By reconstructing the resistance landscape for a small set of mutationally connected alleles in three enteric species (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Klebsiella pneumoniae), we uncovered that the landscape topographies were largely aligned with very low levels of host-dependent mutational effects. By simulating gene evolution with and without HGT using the species-specific empirical landscapes, we found that evolutionary outcomes were similar despite HGT. These findings suggest that the adaptive evolution of a mobile gene in one species can translate to adaptation in another species. In such a case, vehicles of cross-species HGT such as plasmids enable a distributed form of genetic evolution across a bacterial community, where species can ‘crowdsource’ adaptation from other community members. The role of evolutionary crowdsourcing on the evolution of bacteria merits further investigation.
Impairment of sugar transport in the vascular system acts on nitrogen remobilisation and nitrogen use efficiency in Arabidopsis

The carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolisms have long been known to be coupled, and this is required for adjusting nitrogen use efficiency. Despite this intricate relationship, it is still unclear how a deregulation of sugar transport impacts N allocation. Here we investigated, in Arabidopsis, the consequences of the simultaneous downregulation of the genes coding for the sugar transporters SWEET11, SWEET12, SWEET16, and SWEET17 genes on various anatomical and physiological traits ranging from the stem’s vascular system development, plant biomass production, seed yield, and N remobilisation and use efficiency. Our results show that intracellular sugar exchanges mediated by SWEET16 and SWEET17 proteins specifically impact the vascular development but do not play a significant role in the distribution of N. Most importantly, we showed that the double mutant swt11swt12, which is also impacted in the vascular development, displays an improved nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen remobilisation to the seeds. In addition, a significant negative correlation between sugar and amino acids contents and the inflorescence stem radial growth exists, highlighting the complex interaction between the maintenance of C/N homeostasis and the inflorescence stem development. Our results thus deepen the link between sugar transport, C/N allocation and vascular system development. Highlight The disruption of genes coding for SWEET11 and SWEET12 sugar transporters negatively impacts the stem development but improves the plant nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen remobilisation to the seeds.
Self-supervised deep learning for pan-cancer mutation prediction from histopathology

The histopathological phenotype of tumors reflects the underlying genetic makeup. Deep learning can predict genetic alterations from tissue morphology, but it is unclear how well these predictions generalize to external datasets. Here, we present a deep learning pipeline based on self-supervised feature extraction which achieves a robust predictability of genetic alterations in two large multicentric datasets of seven tumor types.
Troi

Emotional Self-Awareness (ESA) plays a vital role in physical and mental well-being. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence technologies have shown promising emotion recognition results, opening new opportunities to build systems to support ESA. However, little research has been done to understand users' perspectives on artificial-intelligence-based emotion recognition systems. We introduce Troi, an automatic emotion recognition mobile app using wearable signals. With Troi, we ran a multi-day user study with 12 users to understand user preference parameters, such as perceived accuracy, confidence, preferred emotion representations, effect of self-awareness of emotions, and real-time use cases. Further, we extend our study to evaluate the machine learning model in-the-wild to understand behaviours in-the-wild. We found that users perceived accuracy of the emotion recognition model is higher than the actual model prediction accuracy; there was no strong preference for one specific emotion representation, and users' self-awareness of emotions improved over time.
OsciHead

Current haptic devices are usually designed to provide one type of force feedback; however, most VR scenarios require versatile force feedback, which may require the integration of different devices to provide various types of forces. In addition, besides the main haptic effects caused by the forces, multiple types of oscillation may also commonly accompany them, which are crucial for improving VR realism and immersion. Therefore, we simulate versatile force feedback by rendering the corresponding types of oscillation as the effects caused by those forces. We take inertia and impact forces as examples in this paper, and achieve versatility using the proposed device, OsciHead, on a head-mounted display (HMD), instead of integrating different devices. By controlling elastic bands' elasticity and stored power, OsciHead uses two rotatable oscillators on both sides of the HMD, in order to render various multilevel and multidimensional oscillation feedback in 2D translation and 2D rotation directions on a head. In an exploratory study, we explored different scenarios in which multiple types of oscillation could be simulated by OsciHead. We then observed oscillation level distinguishability in two just-noticeable difference (JND) studies, and evaluated the oscillation type recognition rates in a recognition study. Based on the results, we performed a VR study, which verified that the inertia and impact feedback simulated by OsciHead enhances realism and achieves versatility.
CheckMyFit

Putting on hearing aids (HAs) is a regular and crucial task for every hearing aid wearer. A sub-optimal insertion can impact user adoption and audiological benefit. Ability to visually evaluate the insertion can be helpful to achieve a proper physical fit of hearing aids or similar devices, but this is currently a challenging task. In this work we present CheckMyFit, a smartphone-based, automated solution enabling users to quickly take a photo of their hearing aid placement, and compare it with a reference ideal insertion. To evaluate the tool's usability and potential benefit we conducted two user studies: a) a pilot lab study with 7 participants, and b) a field study with 17 participants. In the two-week field study, older participants with no prior hearing aid experiences were instructed on hearing aid insertion remotely and performed daily insertions independently at home. We found that CheckMyFit is easy and quick to use for almost all participants. Ear-photo-aided insertions tend to have higher quality than insertions without the tool. This correlation was significant and persisted throughout the 2 weeks of the study, and is retained after a short break. This suggests that CheckMyFit tool can provide real-world benefit to new users learning to insert their hearing aids. We also used CheckMyFit to remotely facilitate the field study, demonstrating its potential usefulness in tele-medicine.
The Law of Effective Stress for Rocks in Light of Results of Laboratory Experiments / Prawo Naprężeń Efektywnych Dla Skał W Świetle Wyników Badań Laboratoryjnych

This paper presents the results of laboratory tests carried out in order to formulate effective stress law. The law was sought for two different cases: first – when rock was treated as a porous Biot medium (Biot, 1941; Nur & Byerlee, 1971) and second – when the law was formulated according to definition of Robin (1973) developed by Gustkiewicz (1990) and Nowakowski (2007). In the first case coefficents (4) and (5) of the Biot equation (3) were were determined on the basis of compressibility test, in the second one effective pressure equation (9) and effective pressure value (11) were found on the basis of results of so called individual triaxial compression test (see Kovari et al., 1983) according to the methodology given by Nowakowski (2007). On the basis of Biot coefficients set of values was found that volumetric strain of the pore space described by a coefficient (5) was not dependent on the type of pore fluid and the pore pressure of only, while in case of volumetric strain of total rock described by coefficient (4) both the structure and texture of rock were important. The individual triaxial compression test results showed that for tested rock an effective pressure equation was a linear function of pore pressure as (15). The so called Rebinder effect (Rehbinder & Lichtman, 1957) might cause, that the α coefficient in equation (15) could assume values greater than one. This happened particularly in the case when the porous fluid was non-inert carbon dioxide. In case of inert pore fluid like kerosene the test results suggested that the a coefficient in equation (15) decreased while the differential strength limit was increasing. This might be caused by, so called, dillatancy strengthening (see Zoback & Byerlee, 1975). Another considered important parameter of the equation (15) was the value of the effective press p' . The results showed that the value of this parameter was practically independend on the pore fluid type. This conclusion was contrary to previous research (see, for example, Gustkiewicz et al., 2003 and Gustkiewicz, 1990) so these results should be treated with caution. There are no doubts, however, over p' increasing simultaneously with increase in R σ1–σ3 . Basically, the differential strength limit of the specimen is greater the greater is confining pressure applied to it. Thus, higher R σ1–σ3 values are accompanied by higher p' .
Temperature has a major effect on the cuticular wax composition of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit

Cuticle is the first layer protecting plants against external biotic and abiotic factors and is responsive to climatic factors as well as determined by genetic adaptations. In this study, the chemical composition of bilberry fruit cuticular wax was investigated through a latitudinal gradient from Latvia (56°N 24°E) through Finland (65°N 25°E) to northern Norway (69°N 18°E) in two seasons 2018 and 2019. Changes in the major cuticular wax compounds, including triterpenoids, fatty acids, alkanes, aldehydes, ketones, and primary alcohols, were detected by GC-MS analysis. Generally, a decreasing trend in the proportion of triterpenoids from southern to northern latitudes, accompanied with an increase in proportion of fatty acids, aldehydes, and alkanes, in bilberry fruit cuticular wax was observed. A correlation analysis between climatic factors with proportion of wax compounds indicated that temperature was the main factor affecting the cuticular wax composition in bilberries. A controlled phytotron experiment with southern and northern bilberry ecotypes confirmed the major effect of temperature on bilberry fruit cuticular wax load and composition. Elevated temperature increased wax load most in berries of northern ecotypes. The level of triterpenoids was higher, while levels of fatty acids and alkanes were lower, in wax of bilberry fruits ripened at 18°C compared to 12°C in both northern and southern ecotypes. Based on our results, it can be postulated that the predicted increase in temperature due to climate change leads to alterations in fruit cuticular wax load and composition. In northern ecotypes, the alterations were especially evident.
Multi-year acoustic tracking reveals transient movements, recurring hotspots, and apparent seasonality in the coastal-offshore presence of Greenland sharks (Somniosus microcephalus)

Variable movement strategies can complicate the conservation and management of mobile species. Given its extreme life history traits as a long-lived, deep-water species, the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) is vulnerable to fisheries bycatch, but little is known over its long-term movements across a spatially and seasonally variable Arctic environment. To address this knowledge gap, the movements of Greenland sharks in coastal fjords and offshore waters of Baffin Bay were examined using seven years of acoustic telemetry data. Seasonal patterns in broad-scale movements and inshore-offshore connectivity were compared among 155 sharks (101 males, 54 females [mean LT = 2.65 ± 0.48 m, range 0.93-3.5 m]) tagged in 6 discrete coastal locations spanning from Grise Fiord to Cumberland Sound (Nunavut). Sharks exhibited transient movements throughout coastal and offshore regions with some evidence of seasonally recurring hotspots revealed by repeat detections of individuals at sites over multiple years. Shark presence in coastal fjords occurred exclusively during the coastal ice-free period (July to November), regardless of the location of tagging or detection, while presence in the offshore was recorded during the period of ice re-formation and cover (November to July). Through multi-year telemetry, it was possible to reveal repetitive patterns in broad-scale habitat use for a complex marine predator with direct relevance for understanding the seasonal distribution of mobile Arctic consumers and informing regional fisheries management.
Navigating ethical challenges in the development and translation of biomaterials research

Biomaterials--from implanted iron teeth in the second century to intraocular lenses, artificial joints, and stents today--have long been used clinically. Today, biomaterials researchers and biomedical engineers are pushing beyond these inert synthetic alternatives and incorporating complex multifunctional materials to control biological interactions and direct physiological processes. These advances are leading to novel strategies for targeted drug delivery, drug screening, diagnostics and imaging, gene therapy, tissue regeneration, and cell transplantation. While the field has survived ethical transgressions in the past, the rapidly expanding scope of biomaterials science, combined with the accelerating clinical translation of this diverse field calls for urgent attention to the complex and challenging ethical dilemmas these advances pose. This perspective responds to this call, examining the intersection of research ethics -- the sets of rules, principles and norms guiding responsible scientific inquiry -- and ongoing advances in biomaterials. While acknowledging the inherent tensions between certain ethical norms and the pressures of the modern scientific and engineering enterprise, we argue that the biomaterials community needs to proactively address ethical issues in the field by, for example, updating or adding specificity to codes of ethics, modifying training programs to highlight the importance of ethical research practices, and partnering with funding agencies and journals to adopt policies prioritizing the ethical conduct of biomaterials research. Together these actions can strengthen and support biomaterials as its advances are increasingly commercialized and impacting the health care system.
Editorial: Emerging technologies and techniques for remote sensing of coastal and inland waters

Coastal and inland waters are critical resources of immense economic and environmental value (e.g., Ledoux and Turner, 2002; Revenga and Kura, 2003). However, due to natural and anthropogenic factors, coastal and inland waters around the globe are under increasing stress. The health and biophysical status of these ecosystems need to be regularly monitored in order to ensure that they maintain their ecological functionality and services. This includes estimating concentrations of organic and inorganic constituents in water (Hernes and Benner 2003; Spencer et al., 2012), monitoring the health and distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation (Maxwell et al., 2017) and corals (Hedley et al., 2016a, and references therein), characterizing the biodiversity of phytoplankton (Mouw et al., 2017), and tracking spatio-temporal dynamics of complex biophysical and biogeochemical processes occurring in the water and adjoining wetlands (Howarth et al., 2011). Remote sensing has become an indispensable tool for monitoring coastal and inland waters (Turpie et al., 2021, and references therein), and hyperspectral remote sensing has gained increased use in the last decade (Dierssen et al., 2015). The optical complexity typically encountered in coastal and inland waters necessitates hyperspectral sensors with a fine spectral resolution. Hyperspectral capability enables species discrimination of aquatic vegetation (Dierssen et al., 2015; Hedley J. et al., 2016) and detection of fine reflectance features of biogenic and inorganic substances in water (Mouw et al., 2016) and accessory pigments such as phycocyanin and phycoerythrin that occur in significant amounts during bloom conditions (Kudela et al., 2015). In addition to hyperspectral capability, a fine spatial resolution is needed to capture spatial heterogeneity of bio-optical OPEN ACCESS