Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beautiful Differentiation (extended version)

Automatic differentiation (AD) is a precise, efficient, and convenient method for computing derivatives of functions. Its forwardmode implementation can be quite simple even when extended to compute all of the higher-order derivatives as well. The higherdimensional case has also been tackled, though with extra complexity. This paper develops an implementation of higher-dimensional, higher-order, forward-mode AD in the extremely general and elegant setting of calculus on manifolds and derives that implementation from a simple and precise specification. In order to motivate and discover the implementation, the paper poses the question “What does AD mean, independently of implementation? ” An answer arises in the form of naturality of sampling a function and its derivative. Automatic differentiation flows out of this naturality condition, together with the chain rule. Graduating from first-order to higher-order AD corresponds to sampling all derivatives instead of just one. Next, the setting is expanded to arbitrary vector spaces, in which derivative values are linear maps. The specification of AD adapts to this elegant and very general setting, which even simplifies the development.
Monetary Regime Choices for a Semi-Open Country

This paper considers regime choices facing relatively small, trade-oriented, financially liberalizing, rapidly growing countries such as the East Asian NICs. The classic question of fixed versus flexible exchange rates is considered first. Of the many factors that determine whether the advantages of fixed rates justify the loss of monetary independence, all depend on the openness of the country. One example is the advantage that stable exchange rates promote trade; the magnitude of this effect is estimated in this paper. Another example is the advantage that a fixed exchange rate can serve as a nominal anchor to monetary policy. The second half of the paper reviews the recent literature on monetary rules versus discretion, and then considers four alternative candidates for the nominal anchor for monetary policy: the money supply, nominal GNP, price level, and exchange rate. It is argued that nominal GNP dominates the money supply in general, and dominates the other two candidates under certain conditions.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Analyst Information Precision and Small Earnings Surprises

This study proposes and tests an alternative to the extant earnings management explanation for zero and small positive earnings surprises (i.e., analyst forecast errors). We argue that analysts’ ability to strategically induce slight pessimism in earnings forecasts varies with the precision of their information. Accordingly, we predict that the probability that a firm reports a small positive instead of a small negative earnings surprise is negatively related to earnings forecast uncertainty, and we present evidence consistent with this prediction. Our findings have important implications for the earnings management interpretation of the asymmetry around zero in the frequency distribution of earnings surprises. We demonstrate how empirically controlling for earnings forecast uncertainty can materially change inferences in studies that employ the incidence of zero and small positive earnings surprises to categorize firms as suspected of managing earnings.
E-Cadherin Expression Reduced Patient Survival : A Role for PIP 4 K 2 B in the Regulation of Low PIP 4 K 2 B Expression in Human Breast Tumors Correlates with

Phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate (PtdIns5P) 4-kinase b (PIP4K2B) directly regulates the levels of two important phosphoinositide second messengers, PtdIns5P and phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2]. PIP4K2Bhas been linked to the regulation of gene transcription, to TP53 andAKTactivation, and to the regulation of cellular reactive oxygen accumulation. However, its role in human tumor development and on patient survival is not known.Here, we have interrogated the expression of PIP4K2B in a cohort (489) of patientswith breast tumor using immunohistochemical staining and by ameta-analysis of gene expression profiles from2,999 breast tumors, both with associated clinical outcome data. Low PIP4K2B expression was associated with increased tumor size, high Nottingham histological grade, Ki67 expression, and distant metastasis, whereas high PIP4K2B expression strongly associated with ERBB2 expression. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that both high and low PIP4K2B expression correlated with poorer patient survival compared with intermediate expression. In normal (MCF10A) and tumor (MCF7) breast epithelial cell lines, mimicking low PIP4K2B expression, using short hairpin RNA interference-mediated knockdown, led to a decrease in the transcription and expression of the tumor suppressor protein E-cadherin (CDH1). In MCF10A cells, knockdown of PIP4K2B enhanced TGF-b–induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process required during the development of metastasis. Analysis of gene expression datasets confirmed the association between low PIP4K2B and low CDH1expression. Decreased CDH1 expression and enhancement of TGF-b–induced EMT by reduced PIP4K2B expression might, in part, explain the association between low PIP4K2B expression and poor patient survival. Cancer Res; 73(23); 6913–25. 2013 AACR.
Participation profiles and the barriers and facilitators that impact on participation of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders living in regional and remote Western Australia

Abstract Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous condition, influencing participation in activity and occupation. Approximately, 1% of Australian children have an ASD diagnosis, with many of these families living in remote and regional areas. Given the environments role in facilitating or hindering participation, there is a need to understand how geographical location impacts the participation profiles of children with ASD. Objective: This study aims to describe the participation profiles, and environmental barriers and facilitators to participation for children with ASD living in regional or remote Western Australia. Methods: A total of 32 families completed a questionnaire pack including a socio-demographic questionnaire and the Participation and Environment Measure – Children and Youth. Results: Children with ASD had reduced participation in community activities. Within the home, children most commonly participated in computer and video games, and in school settings, children participated rarely in non-classroom and extracurricular activities. Parents reported a desire for their children to decrease time spent engaging in video games and increase time spent in the community, socializing, engaging in extracurricular activities, and completing chores. Parents reported a number of barriers to participation across community, home, and school settings. Conclusion: Children with ASD living in regional areas had restricted participation profiles and a number of barriers to participation as reported by their parents. There is a need for additional support and services in non-metropolitan areas for families of children with ASD to increase participation. This study also highlights the need to expand the definition of participation in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health to include aspects of involvement.
The Relationship Between the CK Model and the Desirable Security Attributes

The Canetti-Krawczyk (CK) model is a formal method to design and analyze of key agreement protocols, and these protocols should have some desirable security attributes. In this paper, the relationship between the CK model and the desirable security attributes for a key agreement protocol is analyzed. The conclusions indicate that: (1) protocols designed and proved secure by the CK model offer almost all the security attributes, such as perfect forward secrecy (PFS), loss of information, known-key security, keycompromise impersonation and unknown key-share, but the attribute of key control; (2) loss of information and key-compromise impersonation can be guaranteed by the first requirement of the security definition (SK-security) in the CK model, while PFS and known-key security by the second requirement, and unknown key-share can be ensured by either the requirement. Thereafter, the advantages and disadvantages of the CK model are presented.
Epitaxial Growth of Branched α‐Fe2O3/SnO2 Nano‐Heterostructures with Improved Lithium‐Ion Battery Performance

We report the synthesis of a novel branched nano‐heterostructure composed of SnO2 nanowire stem and α‐Fe2O3 nanorod branches by combining a vapour transport deposition and a facile hydrothermal method. The epitaxial relationship between the branch and stem is investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The SnO2 nanowire is determined to grow along the [101] direction, enclosed by four side surfaces. The results indicate that distinct crystallographic planes of SnO2 stem can induce different preferential growth directions of secondary nanorod branches, leading to six‐fold symmetry rather than four‐fold symmetry. Moreover, as a proof‐of‐concept demonstration of the function, such α‐Fe2O3/SnO2 composite material is used as a lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) anode material. Low initial irreversible loss and high reversible capacity are demonstrated, in comparison to both single components. The synergetic effect exerted by SnO2 and α‐Fe2O3 as well as the unique branched structure are probably responsible for the enhanced performance.
Genotype xEnvironment Interaction Assessment in Durum Wheat (Triticum durumDesf) using AMMI and GGE Models

Development of varieties with high yield potential coupled with wide adaptability is an important plant breedingobjective. The presence of genotype by environment interaction plays a crucial role in determining theperformance of genetic materials, tested at different locations and in different years. This study was undertaken toassess yield performance, stability and adaptability of twelve durum wheat genotypes evaluated over five environments. There was highly significant genotype-environment interaction. The use of the additive model as well as the joint regression proved to be inefficient in the interpretation of results compared to AMMI analysis of variance which explained90.80% of the sum of square of the interaction. This analysis indicated that cultivar Waha exhibited a wide adaptation across all test-sites, while the GGE biplot analysis indicated that the five test-locations represented 3sub-regions where Mrb3, Boussalem and Badre were the winners. Selection for specific adaptation allowed 10.51% genetic gain over selection for large adaptation. Grain yield stability was approached using the genotypic superiority index, the across locations variance, the AMMI stability variance and the genotypes rank on both mean and stability, using the GGE biplot analysis. Rank correlation coefficients among stability parameters indicated their dissimilar. Pi indexcombinesyield performance and stabilityclassified Boussalem and Mrb3 were high yielding and stable.Similar conclusion was reached using the genotype rank method of the GGE biplot analysis.
Investigation of capillary wave formation on water jets with internally propagating ultrasound

The formation and control of capillary waves on jets are of importance in applications such as ink-jet printing, atomization of fuel, etc. External control of jet breakup processes is generally based on the ultrasonic atomization principle (used on jets of diameter in micrometer order) with transducers placed on nozzle tips. The present work investigates the formation of capillary waves and subsequent jet breakup on 10 mm and 15 mm diameter water jets with ultrasound propagating at either 121 kHz or 135 kHz. Experimental observations of the jet breakup process with a high speed camera are reported. The input signal to the transducer was controlled to investigate the formation and growth of capillary waves, leading to the breakup of the jet. It was observed that once the waves are formed on jet surface, they grow in size leading to a necking zone. Once necking zone is formed, the capillary waves then just propagate along the jet (with the flow) with no further growth in their amplitude. Spraying of the jet.
FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL HEALTH CARE NEEDS Taking Stock of the CSHCNScreener : A Review of Common Questions and Current Reflections

A C Since 2000, the Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN) Screener (CS) has been widely used nationally, by states, and locally as a standardized and brief survey-based method to identify populations of children who experience chronic physical, mental, behavioral, or other conditions and who also require types and amounts of health and related services beyond those routinely used by children. Common questions about the CS include those related to its development and uses; its conceptual framework and potential for underor overidentification; its ability to stratify CSHCN by complexity of service needs and daily life impacts; and its potential application in clinical settings and comparisons with other identification approaches. This review recaps the development, design, and findings from the use of the CS and synthesizes findings from studies conducted over the past 13 years as well as updated findings on the CS to briefly address the 12 most common questions asked about this tool through technical assistance provided regarding the CS since 2001. Across a range of analyses, the CS consistently identifies a subset of children with chronic conditions who need or use more than a routine type or amount of medicaland health-related services and who share common needs for health care, including care coordination, access to specialized and community-based services, and enhanced family engagement. Scoring algorithms exist to stratify CSHCN by CADEMIC PEDIATRICS opyright a 2015 Academic Pediatric Association 165 complexity of needs and higher costs of care. Combining CS data with clinical diagnostic code algorithms may enhance capacity to further identify meaningful subgroups. Clinical application is most suited for identifying and characterizing populations of patients and assessing quality and system improvement impacts for children with a broad range of chronic conditions. Other clinical applications require further implementation research. Use of the CS in clinical settings is limited because integration of standardized patient-reported health information is not yet common practice in most settings or in electronic health records. The CS continues to demonstrate validity as a non-condition-specific, population-based tool that addresses many of the limits of condition or diagnosis checklists, including the relatively low prevalence of many individual conditions and substantial within-diagnosis variations and acrossdiagnoses similarities in health service needs, functioning, and quality of care.
hoot-differentiating and undifferentiating callus cultures of chisandra chinensis ( Turcz . ) Baill . ( Chinese magnolia vine )

Shoot-differentiating and undifferentiating callus cultures of Schisandra chinensis were cultured, respectively, on six and two variants of the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, differing in the concentration of cytokinin, 6-benzyladenine (BA) and auxin, -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). In methanolic extracts from the biomass of both types of culture the amounts of two lignans: deoxyschizandrin and -schizandrin were estimated using the HPLC method. The levels of both compounds in the shoot-differentiating callus extracts were dependent on the concentration of BA and NAA in the MS medium variants. The amounts of deoxyschizandrin were high and varied over a wide range from 34.23 to 308.51 mg 100 g−1 dry weight (DW); the amounts of -schizandrin were of a different order and ranged from 1.07 to 22.09 mg 100 g−1 DW. In the extracts from undifferentiating callus the amounts of both compounds were lower and almost identical on the tested variants of the MS medium, equal, respectively, to about 18.5 mg 100 g−1 DW deoxyschizandrin, and about 1.0 mg 100 g−1 DW -schizandrin. The maximum amounts of deoxyschizandrin were obtained on the MS medium variant containing 3 mg l−1 BA and 1 mg l−1 NAA. These amounts −1 were 7.5 and 5.1 times higher, respectively, than in the extracts from the leaves (41.01 mg 100 g DW) and fruits (60.72 mg 100 g−1 DW) of native plant, analyzed for comparison. The maximum amount of -schizandrin in shoot-differentiating callus (22.09 mg 100 g−1 DW) was comparable with its amount in the leaves (22.27 mg 100 g−1 DW), but 3 times lower than in the fruits (66.50 mg 100 g−1 DW). The obtained high amounts of deoxyschizandrin in the extracts of shoot-differentiating callus are of interest from the practical perspective.
EROD Activity as Biomarker Inhibition of Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase ( EROD ) Mixtures of 2 , 3 , 7 , 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin chlorinated Biphenyls EROD Acitivity as Biomarker in TCDD and PCB Risk Assessment Activity in and Poly-1

Induction of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and porphyrin accumulation shows different structure-activity relationships for different polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Interactions between the two responses can strongly influence the induction and activity of EROD. The results support the conclusion that there are nonaddifive interactions between nondioxin-like PCBs and dioxin-like compounds. The interaction between EROD activity and the porphyrin biosynthesis makes the prerequisite of additivity in the toxic equivalency factor concept for environmental mixtures highly spurious. Inhibition of EROD activity caused by non-dioxin like compounds could have a significant impact on the value of EROD activity as a biomarker in the present methods of risk assessment for these compounds.
Emerging evidence suggests that prepregnancy body mass index may be a biological determinant that increases susceptibility to symptoms of postpartum depression

Results: There were three statistically significant direct effects in the model: the path from prepregnancy BMI to inflammation, the path from prepregnancy BMI to stress, and the path from stress to symptoms of depression at 4 weeks postpartum. Indirect effects of prepregnancy BMI on postpartum depression through intervening variables were not statistically significant, nor was the model-based total effect of prepregnancy BMI on postpartum depression.
Blessed are those that hunger and thirst for righteousness: Sharpening the ethical dimension of prophetic preaching in a context of corruption

The prevalence of corruption has enormous negative consequences for the ideal of an orderly and peaceful society. Corruption does not only have a destructive impact on socio-economic life, but also on human relationships, value systems and vision for life. With this research the authors described the role of the ethical dimension of prophetic preaching in addressing the apparent lack of righteousness as it manifests in a context of corruption in the South African society. The problem field was explored with the focus on an apparent lack of vision and willingness to hunger and thirst for righteousness in the current manifestation of corruption in the South African society. Normative perspectives from Scripture (attempting to voice the impact of Jesus’ words in the Beatitudes, with the focus on Matthew 5–6) were discussed. It is reasoned that Jesus’ words pneumatologically proved to be essential in developing a sharpened and action-inducing vision of the righteousness of the kingdom of God breaking through in the praxis of a society struggling with the effects of corruption. The research culminated in the formulation of preliminary homiletic theory with a view to a vision for a kind of prophetic preaching that will be able to activate the consciousness of hungering and thirsting for the righteousness of God’s kingdom and lead the believer in a life culminating in blessed nourishment. The ethical dimension of prophetic preaching is anchored in the eschatological sphere, aimed at making the perceiver conscious of the distinct presence of the King, calling his people to a blessed presence in this world and empowering them with his promise of restoration of an abundant life for all.
Sequences Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Free of Vector and Transgene

clicking here. colleagues, clients, or customers by , you can order high-quality copies for your If you wish to distribute this article to others here. following the guidelines can be obtained by Permission to republish or repurpose articles or portions of articles ): May 10, 2012 www.sciencemag. org (this information is current as of The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag.org/content/324/5932/1266.full.html A correction has been published for this article at: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/324/5928/797.full.html version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag.org/content/suppl/2009/03/25/1172482.DC1.html can be found at: Supporting Online Material http://www.sciencemag.org/content/324/5928/797.full.html#related found at: can be related to this article A list of selected additional articles on the Science Web sites http://www.sciencemag.org/content/324/5928/797.full.html#ref-list-1 , 7 of which can be accessed free: cites 21 articles This article 140 article(s) on the ISI Web of Science cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag. org/content/324/5928/797.full. html#related-urls 92 articles hosted by HighWire Press; see: cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/collection/development Development subject collections: This article appears in the following
Effect of different drying and grinding methods on biochemical properties of sweet orange peel powder

Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) belongs to sub family Aurantoideae which is categorised under family Rutaceae. Peel is the main by-product obtained from sweet orange fruit juice processing industry. Peel is rich in many bioactive component, so to utilize this peel for industrial purpose it need to cover to stable form. So in present study sweet orange peel is dried in three drying technique: solar tunnel drying, hot air drying and dehumidified air drying and ground with three different grinding methods: hammer mill grinding at ambient temperature, hammer mill grinding with water cooling and hammer mill grinding with liquid nitrogen cooling. Ground sweet orange peel powder was examined for functional properties. Among nine combinations, dehumidified air dried and liquid nitrogen (LN2) cooled ground sample showed significantly good functional properties such as ascorbic acid (40.00 mg.100g-1), phenols (2.23 mg.g-1), total carotenoids (0.28 mg.g-1), total flavonoids (33.76 mg.g-1), radical scavenging activity (75.59 %), pH (6.26) and water activity (0.35).
DECADAL VARIATION IN EGG ABUNDANCE OF A MESOPELAGIC FISH, MAUROLICUS JAPONICUS, IN THE JAPAN SEA DURING 1981-2005

Egg abundance of Maurolicus japonicus, a dominant mesopelagic fish in the Japan Sea, was analyzed during 1981-2005 as an index of the spawning-adult abundance. There was a major change in egg abundance around 1988/1989, with negative anomalies occurring during 1981-1988 and positive anomalies occurring from 1989. At about the same time (1986/1987), the Tsushima Current shifted from cold to warm conditions. Environmental indices were found to be positively correlated with egg abundance two years later. Our results suggest that the abundance of M. japonicus is affected by climatic regime shifts, and that it could be used as an indicator species.