Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of lighting and disorder on the perception of social safety of waiting passengers at a railway station platform

The importance of feelings of social safety in public transportation is studied frequently (e.g. Van Hagen, 2011; Van ‘t Hof, 2008). Factors in the environment are found to influence the perception of social safety (Johansson, Rosen & Kuller, 2011; Van ‘t Hof, 2008). Johansson, Rosen & Kuller (2011) showed that lighting in an environment can enhance feelings of social safety. Disorder in the environment on the other hand, is found to have a negative influence on feelings of social safety (Duineveld, 2010). In addition, disorder in an environment attracts more disorder and petty criminal behavior (Keizer, Lindenberg & Steg, 2008). This in turn again negatively influences the feelings of social safety in the environment. Research from Molenaar (2010) however, showed that enhancing the visibility of disorder by lighting diminishes the perception of disorder. This indicates a complex interaction between lighting, disorder, and feelings of social safety. In this study this relationship is researched. The variables ‘type of passenger’, ‘perceived control’, ‘overview’, and ‘perceived crowding’ are taken into account in this study, because findings in the literature suggest that these variables can influence feelings of social safety. In this study 150 participants watched a slideshow of a railway station platform where the factors lighting, disorder and type of passenger were varied. Next, the variables social safety, overview, control, and perceived crowding were measured. A 2 (lighting condition: dark platform versus light platform) x2 (type of passenger: must passenger versus lust passenger) x2 (type of disorder: order versus disorder) between subjects MANOVA was performed. The results of the multivariate analysis of variance were not significant. The results of the univariate analyses of variance indicated a positive relation between perceived lighting and feelings of social safety which is mediated by overview. Participants in the light condition felt more safe in the disorder condition than in the order condition. Must passengers in the combined dark and disorder condition reported lower feelings of social safety than other passengers. Social safety and overview were found to positively influence approach behaviour. Perceived control and the perception of disorder were found to positively influence the evaluation of the platform. However, because of the lack of significant findings in the multivariate analysis of variance, there is a possibility that the findings of the univariate analyses of variance are the result of chance.
Studying anisotropic properties of longitudinal inhomogeneous nondepolarizing media with elliptical phase anisotropy

In this paper, basing on the anisotropic properties of longitudinal inhomogeneous nondepolarizing media with linear phase anisotropy, more general type of media with elliptical phase anisotropy was studied. The features of propagation of light with privileged states of polarization were observed. Transformation of polarization states of eigenwaves along z axes of light propagation was studied. The orthogonalization properties inherent to this type of medium were obtained. Evolution of linear polarized light in this media was presented and discussed.
Extensió d'una interfície de cerca d'imatges a les consultes amb regions

Aquest es un projecte universitat-empresa que presenta una interficie de cerca multimodal a partir de la integracio de diferents eines ja existents per crear una eina global que combina les cerques textuals amb les consultes mitjancant exemple, ja sigui una consulta basada en una imatge o en una regio d'aquesta imatge. L'eina global s'integra en l'entorn del Digition, el gestor de continguts audiovisuals de la Corporacio Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals. La principal aportacio del present projecte consisteix en la creacio d'una interficie de cerca d'imatges basada en regions i la seva integracio en l'eina global.
The notebooks and drawings of Louis I. Kahn

This is a collection of drawings and statements by a master architect. They mirror the vigor and perception manifest in his buildings and personal teachings. The book is divided into two sections. The first is a group of sketches produced during his European travels, which are reproduced here actual size. The second section consists of early sketches as well as finished renderings of some of Kahn's buildings and visions. They are arranged as close to chronological order as overlapping projects allow. The text is based largely on transcriptions of unpublished speeches delivered by Kahn. He completely reworked these speeches for the book, transforming them from the spoken to the written word. There are also selections from his Voice of America broadcast, a Universal Atlas Cement folder, the Museum of Modern Art booklet on the A. N. Richards Medical Research Building at the University of Pennsylvania, as well as an introduction written for the book. There Kahn states that "The editors chose sketches of mood and development of a few projects rather than isolated drawings of a greater number of projects. Such a decision appeals to the architect who starts, like the writer and the painter, with a blank piece of paper, upon which he imprints the gradual steps in the development of something he wants to make exist. "The drawings in the first section were made in Karnak, Luxor, Delphi, Athens, Albi, Florence, Pisa, and Venice. Those in the second show stages in the development of the following projects: the sculpture court of the Yale University Art Gallery; studies for the Philadelphia center city (1956 and 1962); the A. N. Richards Medical Research Building; the General Motors Exhibition Building, 1964 World's Fair, New York; the Meeting House and laboratory complex, Salk Institute of Biological Studies; and the Mikveh Israel Synagogue, Independence Mall, Philadelphia.The book, which is being republished under the imprint of The MIT Press, originally appeared in 1962.
Evaluation of Onsite Generation Introduction for Improving Reliability on the Customer Side

On-site generator is an alternative to improve the supply reliability of customer. But that has been considered to be too expensive comparing with purchasing power from electric power suppliers. This paper proposes a new evaluation method for the supply reliability of customers and the cost efficiency of on-site generator installation. Based on the proposed reliability index, on-site generator installation is verified to have cost efficiency and to improve the supply reliability of customers through numerical examples by using a test system.
A Hall Thruster Performance Model Incorporating the Effects of a Multiply-Charged Plasma

A Hall thruster performance model that predicts anode specific impulse, anode efficiency, and thrust is discussed. The model is derived as a function of a voltage loss parameter, an electron loss parameter, and the charge state of the plasma. Experimental data from SPT and TAL type thrusters up to discharge powers of 21.6 kW are used to determine the best fit for model parameters. General values for the model parameters are found, applicable to high power thrusters and irrespective of thruster type. Performance of a 50 kW thruster is calculated for an anode specific impulse of 2500 seconds or a discharge current of 100 A.
Estimates of genetic parameters of milk traits using REML and Gibbs sampling

Two methods of variance component estimation: Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) and Gibbs Sampling (GS), were used to analyze data consisting of 305d first lactation milk and fat yield and fat content of 47,574 cows calved from 1989 through 1996. Two three-trait linear models were applied, both including fixed effect of HYS, random effect of animal and error. One included fixed effect of age at calving class, and the other regression on age at calving. The estimates of genetic correlations and heritabilities were higher when Gibbs Sampling was used; the phenotypic correlations did not depend on the method applied (GS or REML). The heritability estimates for milk yield were 0.28-0.29 by GS and 0.24 by REML. For fat yield they were 0.24 with GS and 0.19 with REML. For fat content they were 0.44-0.45 and 0.37, respectively. The biggest difference between h 2 estimates was found for the fat content. The magnitude of heritabilities was not influenced by the linear model used (with age classes or regression on age).
Small hydro-power plant project selection using fuzzy axiomatic design principles

AbstractThere has been a rapid growth in construction activities during the last few decades owing to overall development in all facets of humanity. Due to technological advancements and ever increasing civilization, there is a persistent need of energy. Along with the conventional energy sources, the renewable energy sources have also significantly contributed to the rising energy needs. As a renewable source of energy, numerous small hydro-power plants (SHPPs) have been built up across the world in the recent past. Usually these SHPPs are being built and operated by the private developers complying with the government regulations. In order to assist a developer in selecting the most profitable and feasible SHPP for construction and subsequent operation, a method based on fuzzy axiomatic design principles is employed in this paper. The techno-commercial and socio-economic criteria as considered for analyzing the feasibility of the candidate SHPPs are expressed qualitatively using trapezoidal fuzzy number.
Utility{based pricing and hedging via functional dierentiation

We present an approach to utility–based pricing and hedging in incomplete markets. For the limit of an infinitesimally small number of options, we derive a formula for the marginal optimal hedging strategy that is compatible with the marginal indifference price of Davis [3]. For this, we use the concept of functional differentiation. The proposed framework is conceptually related and probably equivalent to a proposal of Kramkov and Sirbu [5]. We apply it to the case of a jump diffusion process and compare it conceptually and numerically with Merton’s and the minimal variance approach.
Scale Development and Operationalization of Social Responsibility Constructs: An ISO 26000 Context

ISO 26000 is one of those prevailing guidelines on social responsibility adopted by practitioners. Despite its growing embracement, the dimensions of ISO 26000 have not been empirically operationalized. The lack of validated scales limits its compatibility in real-life practices as well as academic research on the standard. Adopting quantitative and qualitative methodology, the multidimensional scale of ISO 26000 is first operationalized through a questionnaire survey with 286 organizations in Hong Kong. The measurement items are then triangulated with industrial evidence garnered from in-depth interviews with seven organizations comprising two listed companies, two private companies, and three non-governmental organizations with operations in Hong Kong, Macau, Mainland China, Asia and the Middle East. Our measurement scale contributes to future studies of ISO 26000 in the corporate social responsibility literature. The validated scale will also be a handy guide for aligning social responsibility with the practical context and strategic implantation.
Enhancement of Rotated Face Detection and Image Duplication Methods

Pattern detection plays an important role in digital image. Scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) for image duplication method and face detection has been successfully applied in real world problem. However, the face detection method is limited to rotation invariant and SIFT method is limited to the speed performance. In order to overcome the issue above, this paper proposed enhancement of SIFT for image duplication detection and rotation invariant face detection into pattern detection method. The comparison result of the experiment shows that proposed solutions are better performance.
Human or technological resources? A dilemma in education provision

Results of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA2012) of the OECD conclude that two of the strong education performers countries, Finland and Korea, have been able to effectively educate every child regardless their socioeconomic level. To do so, each country has implemented different strategies, leading to very different forms of education provision. While Finnish emphasise on high trained and empowered teachers, student early intervention and weekly (multidisciplinary) team teachers meetings, Koreans encourage student hard work (in and out of school) and active learning by integrating ICTs in their daily learning (digital textbooks and cyber-home) which is complemented with parent support/interest. These two ways of providing education clearly raises the question of the role played by human resources and/or technology in education provision. To do so, we use each countries individual sample of the PISA-2012 database at student and school levels, and given the nested nature of the data, we employ multilevel models. Estimations have been made from a comparative approach, in a case-to-case basis. Results suggest that human resources and technology influence student outcomes in both cases. Yet, for both countries a common set of technologies influence the overall set of outcomes.
Perspectives of Rural Women

The study reported in this article explored the perceptions of rural women on custody and visitation arrangements with abusive ex-partners. Data were collected from questionnaires and focus groups with 23 mothers who were recruited from domestic violence support groups. Most mothers reported experiencing ongoing abusive and controlling behavior by their ex-partners related to custody and visitation arrangements. Counseling and legal services were most frequently used, while visitation exchange sites and supervision visitation and support groups were considered the most helpful services. Recommendations for rural areas include improving methods for screening and monitoring custody cases within the court system and improving access to child visitation services.
Predictability and herding of bourse volatility: an econophysics analogue

Financial Reynolds number works as a proxy for volatility in stock markets. This piece of work helps to identify the predictability and herd behavior embedded in the financial Reynolds number (time series) series for both CNX Nifty Regular and CNX Nifty High Frequency Trading domains. Hurst exponent and fractal dimension have been used to carry out this work. Results confirm conclusive evidence of predictability and herd behavior for both the indices. However, it has been observed that CNX Nifty High Frequency Trading domain (represented by its corresponding financial Reynolds number) is more predictable and has traces of significant herd behavior. The pattern of the predictability has been found to follow a quadratic equation.
Plant Community Types, Vegetation Structure and Regeneration Status of Remnant Dry Afromontane Natural Forest Patch within Debrelibanos Monastery, Ethiopia

The remnant forest patch within Debrelibanos monastery, a sacred isolated site, was studied to determine plant community types, vegetation structure and regeneration status of woody species and to provide information for sustainable management of the forest. Data was collected using a nested plot design (51quadrat of 20 x 20m size with five sub-quadrats of 3x3m within each major quadrat) was systematically laid across the forest. Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) and height was measured for all trees, shrubs and climbers with dbh and height greater than or equal to 2.5cm and 2m, respectively. Three community types and vertical structures (upper storey (>23.67m), middle storey (11.83 – 23.67m) and lower storey (<11.83 m)) were identified within the forest patch. In terms of population structure, most of the tree species showed a bell shaped with density of mature trees less than that of sapling and the saplings greater than seedling population. This implies that , the forest has poor regeneration and it requires urgent conservation and management actions as reiterated by nearly 73.34% of the respondent.
Characteristics for Quality of Life during the Clinical Course of Interstitial Lung Disease

Objective: Temporary improvement in health status after available therapy or medication has been reported for interstitial lung disease. However, interstitial lung disease is progressive, and there is no study on the change in quality of life over time. Therefore, we examined the time course of the Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Assessment Test (CAT) score in relation with pulmonary function and exercise capacity.Methods: Out of 162 subjects with interstitial lung disease, 56 subjects evaluated more than twice by the CAT were assigned retrospectively to the study and divided into two groups according to the duration from disease onset. The percent of predicted forced vital capacity and diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, and 6-min walk distance were also collected from the hospital records for analysis.Results: The CAT score improved in 21 subjects with less than five years of disease (15 to 7, p=0.004), but declined in 35 subjects with five or more years (12 to 17, p=0.002). The intervals of evaluation were not different between the groups (21 and 20 months on average, p=0.80). Forced vital capacity and diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide at baseline were more impaired in the subjects with longer disease history (p=0.001 and p=0.006, respectively). The CAT score and diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide or 6-min walk distance were correlated in each group at the baseline. Pulmonary function declined on repeated evaluation even in subjects with less than five years of disease history.Conclusion: Quality of life might be improved within five years of disease regardless of deterioration in pulmonary function; however, the improvement would become difficult afterward due to progressive change in pulmonary function or exercise capacity in interstitial lung disease.
The Role of Quantitative Risk Assessment in Improving Hazardous Installations Siting: A Case Study

Safety distance has already been a main measurement for the hazard control of chemical installations interpreted to mean providing space between the hazardous installation and different types of targets. But, the problem is how to determine the enough space. This study considers the application of quantitative risk assessment to evaluating a compressed natural gas station site and to identify nearby land use limitations. In such cases, the most important consideration is to assure that the proposed site would not be incompatible with existing land uses in the vicinity. This scope is possible by categorization of estimated levels of risk imposed by the proposed site. It means that an analysis of the consequences and likelihood of credible accident scenarios coupled with general acceptable risk criteria should be undertaken. This enables the calculated risk of the proposed site to be considered at an early stage, to allow prompt responses or in the later stages to observe limitations. It is concluded that not only adequate distance is not been provided but also the compressed natural gas station is located in the vicinity of populated areas and this is chiefly because of inadequate risk assessment studies and ambiguities in defining acceptable risk criteria.
Stochastic exposure kinetics of extreme ultraviolet photoresists: simulation study

The stochastic nature of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) resist exposure leads to variations in the resulting acid concentration, which leads to line-edge roughness (LER) of the resulting features. Using a stochastic resist simulator, we predicted the mean and standard deviation of the acid concentration for an open-frame exposure and fit the results to analytical expressions. The EUV resist exposure mechanism of the PROLTIH Stochastic Resist Simulator is first order, and an analytical expression for the exposure rate constant C allows prediction of the mean acid concentration of an open-frame exposure to about 1% accuracy over a wide range of parameter values. A second analytical expression for the standard deviation of the acid concentration also matched the output of the simulator to within about 1%. Given the assumptions of the PROLTIH Stochastic Resist Simulator, it is possible to use the results of this paper to predict the stochastic uncertainty in acid concentration for EUV resists, thus allowing optimization of resist processing and formulations and contributing to a comprehensive LER model.
Strong Managers , Weak Boards ? 1

Many governance reform proposals are based on the view that boards have been too friendly to executives, for example, by awarding them excessive pay. Although boards are often on friendly terms with executives, it is less clear that they have systematically failed to function in the interests of shareholders. Understanding board monitoring requires a theory of boards that takes into account how rms provide incentives for their CEOs through other means. We develop a model in which a CEOs ownership stake and private bene ts have opposite e¤ects on his willingness to share private information with an independent board of directors. To encourage the CEO to communicate, the board may optimally commit to a low monitoring intensity when either CEO ownership is low or private bene ts are high. Our model suggests that the existing cross-section evidence on the correlation between board composition and CEO ownership and tenure needs reevaluation. Using a new proxy for board monitoring, we provide new evidence that this cross-sectional correlation appears to be non-monotonic, with board independence rst decreasing and then increasing in CEO ownership and tenure. We discuss the implications of our model for the design and evaluation of governance structures. JEL classi cation: G34; L22; J41; J44 Keywords: Board Composition; Corporate Governance; Board Monitoring; Private Bene ts; Ownership Structure 1 This paper was prepared for the CESifo Venice Summer Institute Workshop on Executive Pay (July 2008) and will appear in a special issue of CESifo Economic Studies. We thank the conference participants and an anonymous referee for useful comments. This paper is partly based on a 2003 working paper version of our friendly boardspaper. It only includes material that did not appear in the published version (Adams and Ferreira, 2007).