Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding the impact of spatial reuse on autonomous sensing order channel selection

In wireless communication systems, there is a need to design efficient schemes in order to overcome the problem of spectrum scarcity. One technology to address the problem of spectrum scarcity is cognitive radio (CR), in which a network entity is able to adapt intelligently to the environment through observation, exploration and learning. When multiple autonomous cognitive radios are searching for spectrum opportunities, they face competition from each other in order to access the available free channel. This will result in reduced throughput which occurs due to collision between cognitive radios, when they try to transmit in the same channel. The purpose of this thesis is to study a smart adaptation scheme for efficient channel access which enable autonomous cognitive radios to improve their overall bandwidth efficiency in a distributed cognitive radio network with the help of spatial reuse. An adaptive persistent strategy with efficient collision detection has been studied in this work for autonomous channel sensing order selection which enable distributed CRs to avoid collision and allow them to improve their overall system efficiency by increasing the average number of successful transmissions, especially, when number of available channels are less than the number of CRs competing to access these free channels. The performance of the studied strategy is compared with random selection of sensing orders. Simulation results are presented, which indicate that the studied strategy with spatial reuse achieves the highest number of successful transmissions in a given time slot as compared to other strategies. Simulation results are also compared for the case with no spatial reuse and the results indicate that it degrades the system efficiency by reducing the average number of successful transmissions in a given time slot.
Impact of morphometric and catchment variables on summer organic carbon richness in deep temperate lakes

Key-words: organic carbon, lakes, morphometry, catchment The study lakes are located in north-eastern Poland, in the same physiographic system. These lakes were formed during the last glacial period. The lakes differedin morphometry,catchment size and environmental conditions. The study included deep, clear water lakes that stratify in summer. The results from multiple linear regression equations indicate that the morphometric and catchment variables may influence mainly the particulate fraction of OC during summer stratification. No significant correlation was found between the examined parameters and the quantity (DOC) or the carbon-specific absorbance (SUVA260) of the dissolved fraction. The most important factors which determine POC abundance in lakes are the maximum depth (zmax), length and development of shoreline (L, DL), catchment area to lake volume (CA/V), and stratification percentage (“% strat.”), as well as epilimnion bottom area to epilimnion volume (AE/VE). Thus, in the summer the quantity of OC in lakes, especially of POC, will be determined by the in-lake production and consumption processes. Low productivity can be easily maintained in deep, strongly stratified lakes, and therefore should be protected and high water quality should be preserved.
Indices de alcalinidad para el control del tratamiento anaerobio de aguas residuales fácilmente acidificables

La eficiencia del tratamiento anaerobio esta determinada por varios factores ambientales, entre los cuales el pH y la alcalinidad son de gran importancia. El arranque de un filtro anaerobio a escala real, utilizado para el tratamiento de las aguas residuales del proceso de extraccion de almidon de yuca, mostro la importancia de los indices de alcalinidad (indice tampon, indice AI / AP e indice ) para el control del proceso. La estrategia de arranque, que comprendio cinco etapas, consistio en la disminucion del tiempo de retencion hidraulico a medida que el reactor respondia favorablemente en tercia del tratamiento anaerobio esta determinada por varios factores ambientales, entre los cuales el pH y la alcalinidad son de gran importancia. El arranque de un filtro anaerobio a escala real, utilizado para el tratamiento de las aguas residuales del proceso de extraccion de almidon de yuca, mostro la importancia de los indices de alcalinidad (indice tampon, indice AI / AP e indice ) para el control del proceso. La estrategia de arranque, que comprendio cinco etapas, consistio en la disminucion del tiempo de retencion hidraulico a medida que el reactor respondia favorablemente en terminos de las eficiencias de reduccion de DQO y el comportamiento de los indices de alcalinidad. Debido a la acidez de las aguas residuales, fue necesario su acondicionamiento previo con bicarbonato de sodio. Se encontro que, en condiciones estables, el indice tampon variaba entre 0.20 y 0.35, el indice AI / AP entre 0.40 y 0.55 y el indice α era superior a 0.65. Adicionalmente, se observo que la eficiencia de reduccion de DQO estuvo estrechamente relacionada con la variacion en los indices. Debido a la simplicidad asociada al calculo de los indices, se recomienda su uso para el control del proceso anaerobio, verificando el rango de aplicabilidad de los indices para cada tipo de agua residual.
Could climate change precipitate peace?

Growing interest in the social consequences of climate change has fueled speculation that global warming could lead to an increase in various forms of political violence. This article examines the effects of climate change on international conflict subsequent to the onset of European industrialization. Surprisingly, analysis at the system level suggests that global warming is associated with a reduction in interstate conflict. This naive relationship is suspect, however, as the increased consumption of carbon-based fuels is itself associated with changing patterns of politics and prosperity. In particular, economic development has been viewed as a cause of both climate change and interstate peace. Incorporating measures of development, democracy, cross-border trade, and international institutions reveals that systemic trends toward peace are actually best accounted for by the increase in average international income. The results imply that climate change, which poses a number of critical challenges for citizens and policymakers, need not be characterized as fundamentally a security issue, though climate change may have important security implications on the periphery of world politics. The analysis here also suggests that efforts to curb climate change should pay particular attention to encouraging clean development among middle-income states, as these countries are the most conflict prone. Ironically, stagnating economic development in middle-income states caused by efforts to combat climate change could actually realize fears of climate-induced warfare.
Arctic–alpine blockfields in the northern Swedish Scandes: late Quaternary – not Neogene

Abstract. Autochthonous blockfield mantles may indicate alpine surfaces that have not been glacially eroded. These surfaces may therefore serve as markers against which to determine Quaternary erosion volumes in adjacent glacially eroded sectors. To explore these potential utilities, chemical weathering features, erosion rates, and regolith residence durations of mountain blockfields are investigated in the northern Swedish Scandes. This is done, firstly, by assessing the intensity of regolith chemical weathering along altitudinal transects descending from three blockfield-mantled summits. Clay / silt ratios, secondary mineral assemblages, and imaging of chemical etching of primary mineral grains in fine matrix are each used for this purpose. Secondly, erosion rates and regolith residence durations of two of the summits are inferred from concentrations of in situ-produced cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al in quartz at the blockfield surfaces. An interpretative model is adopted that includes temporal variations in nuclide production rates through surface burial by glacial ice and glacial isostasy-induced elevation changes of the blockfield surfaces. Together, our data indicate that these blockfields are not derived from remnants of intensely weathered Neogene weathering profiles, as is commonly considered. Evidence for this interpretation includes minor chemical weathering in each of the three examined blockfields, despite consistent variability according to slope position. In addition, average erosion rates of ~16.2 and ~6.7 mm ka−1, calculated for the two blockfield-mantled summits, are low but of sufficient magnitude to remove present blockfield mantles, of up to a few metres in thickness, within a late Quaternary time frame. Hence, blockfield mantles appear to be replenished by regolith formation through, primarily physical, weathering processes that have operated during the Quaternary. The persistence of autochthonous blockfields over multiple glacial–interglacial cycles confirms their importance as key markers of surfaces that were not glacially eroded through, at least, the late Quaternary. However, presently blockfield-mantled surfaces may potentially be subjected to large spatial variations in erosion rates, and their Neogene regolith mantles may have been comprehensively eroded during the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene. Their role as markers by which to estimate glacial erosion volumes in surrounding landscape elements therefore remains uncertain.
Microinjection into the gonads of C. elegans using Eppendorf InjectMan ® 4

Caenorhabditis elegans is a well-established model organism for a wide variety of research fields. The simple and highly conserved structure, together with its short generation time and transparent body, renders C. elegans a perfect experimental system for genetic alterations. Microinjection is an established method for generating transgenic C. elegans strains. In this Application Note we describe the microinjection procedure using the Eppendorf InjectMan 4 micromanipulator.
Trade Policy and Industrial Development: Iron and Steel in a Small Open Economy, 1870−1913 (Politique commerciale et développement industriel: fer et acier dans une petite économie ouverte, 1870–1913)

In this paper we argue that effective tariff protection associated with the 1879 National Policy and the 1887 Tupper tariffs triggered investment in new, technologically advanced blast furnaces that were capable of accommodating rapid output expansion. This conclusion is based on an appreciation of the timing of late nineteenthcentury investments in Canada and their connection to changes in government policy and other demand determinants. In our empirical investigation we use new information on westbound transatlantic freight rates, intracontinental transport costs, and furnacespecific microdata, and we acknowledge the endogenous relationships linking investment to domestic demand, labour costs, and tariffs.
Side Effects of Fungicides Used in Cucurbitaceous Crop on Trichogrammaatopovirilia Oatman & Platner (Hymenoptera: Trichogramatidae)

Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) can control Diaphania hyalinata Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). On the other hand, pesticides may reduce the efficiency of natural enemies. The objective was to evaluate the side-effects of fungicides used in the production of cucurbitaceous crops on Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner parasitizing D. hyalinata eggs. The fungicides used in bioassays were: azoxystrobin (0.08 g active ingredient [ai] L -1 ), chlorothalonil (2.00 g ai L -1 ), mancozeb (1.60 g ai L -1 ), tebuconazole (0.25 g ai L -1 ) and thiophanate-methyl (0.49 g ai L -1 ). Cardboards with 30 D. hyalinata eggs previously immersed in fungicide solutions and distilled water (control) were offered separately to 20 newly emerged T. atopovirilia females in glass tubes. Parasitism, parasitism reduction, emergence, sex ratio, and number of individuals per egg were evaluated. The fungicides chlorothalonil, thiophanate-methyl and tebuconazole reduced parasitism of T. atopovirilia by 43.37, 27.64 and 18.51%, respectively. However, parasitism with azoxystrobin (79.21%) was higher than the control (67.37%) (P ≤ 0.05). Chlorothalonil, thiophanate-methyl and tebuconazole reduced emergence by 73.77, 75.62 and 79.35% (P ≤ 0.05), respectively. Azoxystrobin and thiophanate-methyl reduced the sex ratio by 0.77 and 0.76 (P ≤ 0.05), respectively. Fungicides did not reduce the number of individuals per egg. The fungicides azoxystrobin and mancozeb were selective for T. atopovirilia for most studied parameters suggesting that these products must have the priority in crop disease management to allow efficient biological control of T. atopovirilia against D. hyalinata.
The Mediating Role of Leader-Member Exchange in the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Job performance

Over the past decades, the theory of transformational leadership (TFL) has become one of the most leadership theories that gained the attention of researchers and practitioners. The purpose of this study is to examine the direct impact of transformational leadership and leader-member exchange (LMX) on job performance, and to examine the mediating role of LMX on the relationship between TFL and job performance. Data was obtained from sample of 467 subordinates and their supervisors. The study depends on hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results revealed that positive impact of TFL and LMX on job performance, and showed that LMX partially mediated the relationship between TFL and job performance. Keywords : transformational leadership, leader-member exchange, job performance, in-role performance, extra-role performance
Computational Studies of Torsional Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Current thesis presents computational studies of the torsional twist in single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Since SWCNTs can be viewed as rolled up graphene sheets, our aim is to explain their torsion constants via shear modulus of graphene in pristine, and singleand double vacancy cases. In addition, fundamental energy gap response to torsion is investigated. Calculations of defected structures is computationally expensive as it requires larger simulation cell with large number of atoms. To reduce the cost of computations we take the advantage of chiral symmetry of nanotubes instead of translational one, and faster performance of density-functional tight-binding method compared to other computational methods. Shear modulus calculations show that its value approaches that of graphene for large diameter tubes and is most sensitive to size in case of armchair tubes. Vacancies diminish shear modulus for most of the nanotubes and concentration-induced decrease has linear character regardless of chirality. Studies on direction-dependent shearing of graphene reveals that in the presence of double vacancy shear modulus has the biggest fluctuations from its average value compared to pristine and single vacancy instances. Torsion significantly modifies electronic structure as well metallic tubes undergo transition to semiconducting state, during which band gap change is linear, peaking and decreasing to zero again for most of the tubes. Results give the ground for assumption that for large diameter tubes the peak values, reached during torsion, converge.
An insight to the automatic categorization of speakers according to sex and its application to the detection of voice pathologies: A comparative study.

La hipotesis que se establece en este estudio es que una categorizacion automatica de hablantes de acuerdo con su sexo mejora el rendimiento de un detector automatico de patologias de voz. Esto se basa en hallazgos que demuestran diferencias perceptuales, acusticas y anatomicas en voces masculinas y femeninas. En particular, este trabajo persigue dos objetivos: 1) disenar un sistema que discrimine automaticamente el sexo de hablantes utilizando habla normal y patologica, 2) estudiar la influencia que este detector de sexo tiene sobre el acierto de un posterior detector de patologias de voz. La parametrizacion del detector automatico de sexo esta basada en MFCC aplicados sobre senales de voz; y MFCC aplicados a formas de onda glotal, junto a parametros que modelan el tracto vocal. Las formas de onda glotal se extraen de la voz a traves de un filtrado inverso iterativo en celosia. En cuanto al detector de patologias de voz, una parametrizacion MFCC se aplica sobre senales de voz. La clasificacion, tanto en los detectores de sexo como de patologia, se lleva a cabo con tecnicas del estado del arte basadas en modelos de base universal. Los experimentos se realizan sobre la base de datos Saarbrucken, empleando la fonacion sostenida de la vocal /a/. Los resultados indican que el sexo del hablante puede ser discriminado automaticamente utilizando habla normal y patologica, obteniendo una precision de hasta un 95%. Por otra parte, al incluir informacion a-priori sobre el sexo del hablante se produce una mejora en el rendimiento absoluto de alrededor de 2% en EER, en tareas de deteccion de patologia.
Modulation of Immune Biomarkers by Biofield Energy Healing Based Herbomineral Formulation in Male Sprague Dawley Rat: Potential Role of Energy of Consciousness

The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of The Trivedi Effect®- Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment based new proprietary herbomineral formulation and Energy Healing Treatment per se in male Sprague Dawley rats for immune biomarkers modulation. The test formulation was divided into two parts, one as the control without any Biofield Energy Treatment, while the other part was defined as the Biofield Energy Treated sample, which received the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely from seven renowned Biofield Energy Healers. Additionally, one group of animals also received Biofield Energy Treatment per se (day -15) by under similar conditions. Humoral immune response data showed an increased level of IgG by 2.89%, 6.20%, and 6.20% in the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation group (G4), Biofield Energy Treatment group per se (G6), and Biofield Energy Treated test formulation at day -15 (G7), respectively as compared with the disease control group (G2). The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ was increased by 3.80%, 12.38%, and 16.19% in the G4, G6, and G7, respectively compared with the G2. Hematology analysis suggested an increased level of TLC and neutrophil by 9.64% and 1.48%, respectively in the G4 group, while G6 group showed an increase count of TLC, lymphocytes, and monocytes by 19.79%, 2.87%, and 15.54%, respectively compared with the G2. Biochemical study showed an increased concentration of glucose by 11.78%, 18.60%, and 56.84% in the G4, G6, and G7, respectively compared with G2. Total cholesterol was significantly decreased by 10.54% and 4.20% in the G4 and G7, respectively compared with G2. In contrast, the HDL level was increased by 11.69% and 1.06% in G6 and G7, respectively while LDL was decreased by 10.52% in G4 compared with the G2. SGOT, CK-MB, total protein, albumin, and globulin levels were decreased by 4.04%, 23.54%, 1.68%, 1.54%, and 1.80%, respectively in G4, while G6 group showed decreased level of SGOT, CK-MB, and A/G ratio by 2.08%, 16.23%, and 3.40%, respectively compared with G2. However, SGOT was significantly decreased (p≤0.01) by 18.88% in G7 compared with G2. The testosterone level was decreased by 76.67%, 18.43%, and 44.06% in G4, G6, and G7, respectively compared with G2. Antioxidant profile showed a decreased level of LPO by 59.63% in G7, while SOD and CAT levels were significantly altered in tested groups compared with G2. Biofield Energy may also be used for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, stress management and prevention, and anti-aging by improving overall health.
Collectivism and Collective Ethos in Classical Chinese Rhetoric

Rhetoric, defined by the Western tradition, is difficult, if not impossible, to match with an equivalent concept in Chinese. Its most popular term in Chinese is 修辞学 (xiu-ci xue; study of language embellishing), which, of course, does not tell much about the primary function of rhetoric as it is in the West. In my view, the seeming untranslatability of the concept into Chinese does not mean that rhetoric does not exist in Chinese society; rather, it underlies some profound differences between Western and Chinese rhetoric. In this paper, the author will focus on defining ethos in classical Chinese rhetoric by looking closely at some prevalent notions in Chinese culture, harmony, “face”, and cheng-yan (sincere speech), and in doing so, attempting to show how traditional Chinese rhetoric differs from its Western counterpart.
Pasteuria penetrans suppression of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria race 1 in vegetables 1 Sebzelerde zararli Meloidogyne arenaria irk 1'in Pasteuria penetrans tarafindan baski altina alinmasi

This study was conducted to determine the suppressiveness of obligat parasite P. penetrans against the peanut root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria race 1 in vegetable growing site and to find out whether the field site have infested with other root-knot nematode species, causing the suppression to break down. The study were carried out at four vegetable crops grown sites tomato Lycopersicon lycopersicum cv. Bella Rosa, cucumber Cucumis sativus L. cv. Cobra, okra Abelmoschus (=Hibiscus) esculentus (L.) Moench cv. Clemson Spineless and squash Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Golden Summer at the Plant Science Research and Education Unit-Citra, University of Florida, US. The field site was arranged in a split plot design with eight replicates. To determine the effect of 1,3dichloropropene (1,3-D) on P. penetrans, the split plot was fumigated with 1,3-D (Telone II)at dose of 112 L/ha. Plant and soil samples were collected from each plot at harvest time. The percentages of M. arenaria race 1 infective juvenile (J2) with endospores attached ranged from 40%to 10%. Only a very low incidence of M. incognita was extracted from tomato roots galls. The results indicate that P. penetrans is likely to be one of the important effective agent in the nematode suppression and the reduction M. arenaria race 1 damage.
FMSR-AES in Multiple Cloud Storage System to Provide Secured Fault Tolerant

Cloud computing is the delivery of services on-demand through internet. Storing data in the hard drives are less reliable and create space constraints. To make the data available online and access anywhere without space constraints, cloud storage is evolved. Though cloud storage has many advantages over traditional storage methods, it also have a notable problem to be addressed which is fault tolerance. Regenerating codes stripes data to multiple servers and makes the storage fault tolerant during failures. Protection of data against corruptions along with fault tolerance becomes more challenging. To address that, we propose Advance Encryption Standards (AES) on the top of Frequency Minimum-Storage Regenerating (FMSR) as solution for the above problems. Our work proves the efficiency in computation time for adding security to the data at rest when compared to other methods such as FMSR.
Asset Pricing Without Probability

In this paper we propose a model of financial markets in which agents have limited ability to trade and no probability is given from the outset. In the absence of arbitrage opportunities, assets are priced according to a probability measure that lacks countable additivity. Despite finite additivity, we obtain an explicit representation of the expected value with respect to the pricing measure, based on some new results on finitely additive measures. From this representation we derive a modified version of the Capital Asset Pricing Model according to which the expected value of augmented asset returns is explained by correlation with the market price of risk. In general this conclusion need not be true for original returns and this is shown to imply deviations from the CAPM that may potentially contribute to explain the equity premium puzzle. We also discuss the implications of the absence of free lunches.