Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesized MHC Class II Molecules Through the B Cell Receptor Requires Newly Presentation of Antigens Internalized

Exogenous Ags taken up from the ﬂuid phase can be presented by both newly synthesized and recycling MHC class II molecules. However, the presentation of Ags internalized through the B cell receptor (BCR) has not been characterized with respect to whether the class II molecules with which they become associated are newly synthesized or recycling. We show that the presentation of Ag taken up by the BCR requires protein synthesis in splenic B cells and in B lymphoma cells. Using B cells transfected with full-length I-A k molecules or molecules truncated in cytoplasmic domains of their a - or b -chains, we further show that when an Ag is internalized by the BCR, the cytoplasmic tails of class II molecules differentially control the presentation of antigenic peptides to speciﬁc T cells depending upon the importance of proteolytic processing in the production of that peptide. Integrity of the cytoplasmic tail of the I-A k b -chain is required for the presentation of the hen egg lysozyme determinant (46–61) following BCR internalization, but that dependence is not seen for the (34–45) determinant derived from the same protein. The tail of the b -chain is also of importance for the dissociation of invariant chain fragments from class II molecules. Our results demonstrate that Ags internalized through the BCR are targeted to compartments containing newly synthesized class II molecules and that the tails of class II b -chains control the loading of determinants produced after extensive Ag processing. The Journal of Immunology, 1999, 162: 3408–3416. FITC-coupled secondary Ab. Before analysis, cells were washed exten- sively in FACS buffer and ﬁxed with 1% paraformaldehyde in PBS. Sam-ples were analyzed using a FACScan apparatus (Becton Dickinson, San Jose, CA). Internalization of the HEL encapsulated in liposomes and determination of the expression of class II molecules and Ii in different cellular compartments were performed by confocal immunoﬂuorescence microscopy as described previously (27). To demonstrate HEL internalization, we incubated cells with HEL-Lip-PAs in the presence of RAMIG for 4 h prior to immunoﬂuorescence as described above. To label early endosomal compartments, FITC-coupled Tf was exposed to the cells for 20 min at 37°C before the ﬁxation and labeling of other internal molecules. Conﬂuent cells that had been treated with liposomes or Tf or left untreated and cultured on glass coverslips were ﬁxed with 4% paraformaldehyde, permeabilized with 0.05% saponin in PBS, and incubated for 30 min with primary Abs. Under these conditions, the liposome-associated carboxyﬂuorescein is released and does not interfere with the detection of ﬂuorescent Abs. After washing, the cells were incubated for 30 min with secondary labeled Abs and then washed. The coverslips were mounted onto glass sides with Mowiol. Con- focal microscopy was performed using the TCS 4D confocal laser scanning microscope (Leica Lasertechnik, Heidelberg, Germany) interfaced with an argon/krypton ion laser.
Acceleration of object recognition algorithm on embedded platform

— This paper deals with the new trend of algorithm development in embedded systems, more speciﬁcally, object localization and classiﬁcation algorithms. Diﬀerent one-stage and two-stage detection algorithms are presented, which have diﬀerent characteristics. The most relevant algorithm on which the article will focus is YOL0. The YOLOv3, YOLOv4 and YOLO Fastest versions are studied, as well as diﬀe-rent acceleration libraries such as PyArmNN and NN-Pack. The embedded platform on which we work is the Raspberry Pi 4, performing performance and accuracy tests with diﬀerent library and hardware con-ﬁgurations.
Relationships among Selfie-Posting, Narcissism, Body Dissatisfaction, and Gender

This study aimed to investigate whether narcissism, body dissatisfaction, and gender could predict online selfie posting. We hypothesized that narcissism, body dissatisfaction, and gender would be positively with selfie-positing behavior. One hundred participants were asked to complete a set of 30-item questionnaires assessing the aforementioned three constructs. The data was processed and analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Then correlational analyses of the relationships among study variables and a multiple regression analysis were conducted via SPSS software version 20. Our finding revealed that narcissism and body dissatisfaction were positively correlated with selfie-posting. However, no significant positive relationship was found for gender variable.
Improving Protein Sub-cellular Localization Prediction Through Semi-supervised Learning

—Prediction of sub-cellular localization of proteins is a fundamental task in bioinformatics, since it can provide useful information to determine its function. Several prediction techniques have been proposed in the recent years and methods based on machine learning techniques have achieved state of the art classification, usually employing support vector machines and neural networks. However, those methods need high amounts of labeled samples (proteins with known function) in order to train accurate classifiers, and such information is not easily available for this task. In this paper, an alternative methodology that uses semi-supervised learning is proposed. This type of machine learning allows to use unlabeled samples (which are easily available) in order to improve the estimation of the classifiers. All the needed steps for using semi-supervised learning in the problem of predicting protein sub-cellular localizations are described in detail and the methodology is compared with the standard supervised alternative. The results show that using semi-supervised learning significantly improves the prediction performance of the classifier in several cases, proving to be a valuable tool in bioinformatics.
Multiple Classi�cation Algorithm Based on Graph Convolutional Neural Network for Intrusion Detection

In order to improve the recognition performance of intrusion detection, a graph convolutional neural network for multiple classiﬁcation intrusion detection is proposed, named as GCNID. Firstly, the detection data are preprocessed by numerical and normalized, so that the disadvantage effect of numerical differences among various features can be reduced. Then, the adjacency matrix for intrusion data in GCIND is constructed by the k -nearest neighbor method, which utilizes the Euclide distance between different features as evaluation criterion. Besides, the adjacency matrix and the modiﬁed detection data are set as the input of GCNID framework. Furthermore, the neigh-bors’ information of each detection data are added into itself by the graph convolutional layer, such that more effective intrusion features can be extracted by GCNID. What’s more, the parameters in the proposed method are optimized by back propagation until the network convergence. Finally, the Softmax logistic regression model is used to classify the types of intrusion. Simulation results show that the proposed method can not only improve the detection accuracy, but also classify the unknown attack types. The performance shows that the GCNID has a good ability of accuracy and generalization.
Evaluation of EMIT#{174}Cyclosporine Assay for Use with Whole Blood

We evaluated the EMITS CyctosporineAssay, designed for specific quantification of cyclosporine (CsA) in whole blood. The assay was run on the Roche Cobas Mira’ or Cobas Mira S’ analyzer. Analytical recovery from both normal donor whole blood and transplant patients’ samples was within 17% of the standards. Measurement of diluted out-of-range samples also yielded excellentrecov-ery (101-105%). Within-run, between-run, and total CVs were s8.1%, 10.9%, and 12.1%, respectively. The detec-tion limit was <32 p.g/L. The assay was linear from 0 to 500 g/L No significantcross-reactivity was observed for CsA metabolites AM1, AM19, and AM4N. Slight cross-reactivity occurred with metabolite AM9; 670 tg/L AM9 increased the measured CsA concentration by 49 gIL. High concentrations of bilirubin, uric acid, triglycerides, and cholesterol, as well as 54 commonly coadministered drugs did not interfere with CsA quantification. Similarly, neither extreme values of hematocrit nor choice of anticoagulant affected CsA recovery. Sample extract stability was >4 h, and assay calibrationwas stable for at least 2 weeks. Patients’ samples analyzed by the EMIT assay showed strong correlationwith both HPLC and 1l-RlA (r >0.97). We conclude that the EMIT Cyclosponne Assay provides a convenient, accurate, and precise method
Government Healthcare Financing Transition in Nepal

The general objective of this paper is to have insight and understanding of the trajectory of determinant of government healthcare expenditure in developing country like Nepal. The specific objective of the study is to explore the factors associated with government healthcare expenditure and to find the trends of determinants of per capita government healthcare expenditure in Nepal. The time series data from 1980 to 2018 on per capita government healthcare expenditure, gross domestic product, real GDP per capita, share of health expenditure as a percentage of government expenditure, doctors available in government healthcare system for per 10000 population, population to government health institutions ratio, hospital beds available per 1000 population in government healthcare system, auxiliary health workers available for per 1000 population government healthcare system, annual consumer price index was used in the study. The data series of the variables of time series under this study are stationary at both level I(0) and first difference I(1). Therefore, ARDL model was used as per Pesaran and Shin (1999) suggestion. The ARDL bound test model takes into consideration the existence of long run relationship and the Error Correction Model (ECM) integrates the short-run dynamics with the long-run equilibrium without losing long-run information and avoids problem such as spurious relationship. The calculated error correction term make inference on the existence of long run relationship and speed of adjustment of the error of previous time period which is estimated to be 14.2 percent. The empirical results indicated that per capita government healthcare expenditure is significantly predicted by explanatory variables like real GDP per capita, healthcare expenditure as percent of total government expenditure, doctors available for per 10000 populations, auxiliary health workers available for per 1000 population, population health institution ratio and consumer price index. Therefore, the policy makers should take these components into consideration while making resource allocation decision to upgrade public healthcare facility.
The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase SCF TIR1/AFB and Membrane Sterols Play Key Roles in Auxin Regulation of Endocytosis, Recycling, and Plasma Membrane Accumulation of the Auxin Efﬂux Transporter PIN2 in Arabidopsis thaliana

The PIN family of auxin efﬂux transporters exhibit polar plasma membrane (PM) localization and play a key role in auxin gradient-mediated developmental processes. Auxin inhibits PIN2 endocytosis and promotes its PM localization. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that the inhibitory effect of auxin on PIN2 endocytosis was impaired in SCF TIR1/AFB auxin signaling mutants. Similarly, reducing membrane sterols impaired auxin inhibition of PIN2 endocytosis. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses indicate that membrane sterols were signiﬁcantly reduced in SCF TIR1/AFB mutants, supporting a link between membrane sterols and auxin signaling in regulating PIN2 endocytosis. We show that auxin promoted PIN2 recycling from endosomes to the PM and increased PIN2 steady state levels in the PM fraction. Furthermore, we show that the positive effect of auxin on PIN2 levels in the PM was impaired by inhibiting membrane sterols or auxin signaling. Consistent with this, the sterol biosynthetic mutant fk-J79 exhibited pronounced defects in primary root elongation and gravitropic response. Our data collectively indicate that, although there are distinct processes involved in endocytic regulation of speciﬁc PM-resident proteins, the SCF TIR1/AFB -dependent processes are required for auxin regulation of endocytosis, recycling, and PM accumulation of the auxin efﬂux transporter PIN2 in Arabidopsis thaliana . asymmetric auxin gradient in fk-J79 mutant roots upon gravistimulation is consistent with failure of auxin to inhibit PIN2 endocytosis in the sterol biosynthesis mutants, explaining the strong root gravitropic defects when biosynthesis of membrane sterols are altered.
RECONSTRUCTION OF HIGH-SPEED EVENT-BASED VIDEO USING PLUG AND PLAY

Event-Based cameras, also known as neuromophic cameras or dynamic vision sensors, are an imaging modality that attempt to mimic human eyes by asynchronously measuring contrast over time. If the contrast changes suﬃciently then a 1-bit event is output, indicating whether the contrast has gone up or down. This stream of events is sparse, and its asynchronous nature allows the pixels to have a high dynamic range and high temporal resolution. However, these events do not encode the intensity of the scene, resulting in an inverse problem to estimate intensity images from the event stream. Hybrid event-based cameras, such as the DAVIS camera, provide a reference intensity image that can be leveraged when estimating the intensity at each pixel during an event. Normally, inverse problems are solved by formulating a forward and prior model and minimizing the associated cost, however, for this problem, the Plug and Play (P&P) algorithm is used to solve the inverse problem. In this case, P&P replaces the prior model subproblem with a denoiser, making the algorithm modular, easier to implement. We propose an idealized forward model that assumes the contrast steps measured by the DAVIS camera are uniform in size to simplify the problem. We show that the algorithm can swiftly reconstruct the scene intensity at a user-speciﬁed frame rate, depending on the chosen denoiser’s computational complexity and the selected frame rate.
FREQUENCY AND PATTERN OF INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFESTATION IN UPPER NEELUM VALLEY

Background: The public health importance of intestinal parasitic infestations can not be denied because of their high prevalence and global distribution. It is an established fact that intestinal parasitic infestations can lead to a number of adverse affects like anaemia, stunted physical and mental growth, abdominal colic, cholestasis, cholecystitis and pancreatitis. Objective: To assess the frequency and pattern of intestinal parasitic infestation in upper Neelum Valley (Azad Kashmir). Place and Duration: The study was conducted at Military Field Hospital Neelum Valley Azad Kashmir from July 2004 to Jun 2006. Materials and Methods: The patients presenting with various abdominal complaints were included in the study. The stool samples of a total of 638 patients were examined by Direct Microscopy as well as by Formal Ether Concentration Method wherever necessary. Results: One hundred and fifteen 155 (18.02%) non duplicate stool samples were positive for intestinal parasites. There was no statistically significant difference in incidence with regard to age or gender (P > 0.05). Ascaris lumbricoides was the most common parasite 58 (50.43%) cases followed by Tinea saginata 31 (26.96%) cases and Giardia lamblia 11 (9.57%) cases. Hymenolepis nana 6 (5.22%) cases, Trichuris trichura 5 (4.35%) cases, Entrobius vermicularis 3 (2.60%) and Entamoeba histolytica 1 (0.87%) cases were less frequent. No case of Hookworm was seen. Conclusion: The percentage of intestinal parasites (18.03%) is quite high in upper Neelum Valley. The helminthes are more common than protozoa. Ascaris lumbricoides is the most common parasite followed by Tinea saginata and others. Recommendations: Appropriate steps be taken at District level for provision of safe drinking water schemes and improvement in local sanitary conditions. The Health and Education departments should help by inculcating awareness among the general public about importance of safe drinking water, environmental and personnel hygiene alongwith periodic de-worming programmes. These measures would help in reducing the occurrence of intestinal parasites and associated adverse affects.
Integrating Feedback from Image based 3D Reconstruction into Models of Excavation Processes for efficient Scheduling

The progress of construction sites is in many cases unexpectedly delayed by external influences, for instance weather, changes in the client’s demands or involvement of residents. This may cause changes in the construction cycle. The detailed initial plans become invalid and it is required to immediately develop new plans taking the new circumstances into account. This will allow construction companies to avoid unnecessary allocation of resources, idle time and costs. In this paper methods to determine the volume of excavation pits based on point clouds obtained by image based 3D reconstruction are investigated. Furthermore it explains how to introduce the results into a model of the construction project which can be used to create new schedules. Additionally the possible benefits of re-planning project schedules after observing a task to be faster or slower than expected are described.
does GUIDED fit with other reporting guidance?

Objective: To improve the quality and consistency of intervention development reporting in health research. Design: A consensus exercise consisting of two simultaneous and identical three round e-Delphi studies (one with experts in intervention development and one with wider stakeholders including funders, journal editors and public involvement members), followed by a consensus workshop. Delphi items were systematically derived from two preceding systematic reviews and a qualitative interview study. Participants: Intervention developers (n=26) and wider stakeholders (n=18) from the UK, North America and Europe participated in separate e-Delphi studies. Intervention developers (n=13) and wider stakeholders (n=13) participated in a one day consensus workshop. Results: e-Delphi participants achieved consensus on 14 reporting items. Following feedback from the consensus meeting, the final inclusion and wording of 13 items with description and explanations for each item were agreed. Items focus on context, purpose, target population, approaches, evidence, theory, guiding principles, stakeholder contribution, changes in content or format during the development process, required changes for sub-groups, continuing uncertainties, and open-access publication. They form the GUIDED checklist. Conclusions: Consensus-based reporting guidance for intervention development in health research is now available for publishers and researchers to use. GUIDED has the potential to lead to greater transparency, and enhance quality and improve learning about intervention development research and practice.
UWS Academic Portal Muscle activity during aquatic and land exercises in people with and without low back pain during

Background : Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder. Aquatic exercises are commonly used by physiotherapists for CLBP treatment and management but there are no data on trunk muscle activation during aquatic exercises in people with CLBP. Objective : We quantified activation of trunk and gluteal muscles, exercise intensity, pain and perceived exertion in people with and without CLBP when performing water and land exercises. Design : Cross-sectional. Methods : Twenty participants with non-specific CLBP and 20 healthy participants performed 15 aquatic exercises and 15 similar land exercises. Mean and peak muscle activation were measured bilaterally from erector spinae, multifidus, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, rectus abdominis, external oblique and internal oblique, using waterproof and wireless surface electromyography. Exercise intensity (heart rate), perceived exertion (Borg scale) and, for the CLBP group, pain (visual-to-analogue scale) were recorded. Results : There were no significant between-group differences. Between-environment significant differences were found in heart rate (always higher on land), exertion (higher in the water for three exercises and on land for six exercises) and muscle activation (higher on land in 29% and in the water in 5% of comparisons). Pain levels were low, but pain was reported more than twice as frequently on land (7.7% Vs 3.7% of cases). Limitations : People with high levels of disability and CLBP classification were not included. Conclusions : People with mild-to-moderate CLBP had similar exercise responses to healthy controls. Aquatic exercise produced sufficient muscle activation, intensity and exertion, and should not be assumed to be less strenuous or less effective in activating trunk and pelvic muscles than exercise on land. These data can be used to inform design and prescription of rehabilitation programmes and interventions.
Comparison of QoS metrics with AODV and DSDV in simulator NS-2.35

— Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are future wireless networks consisting entirely of mobile nodes that communicate on-the-move without base stations. Nodes in these networks will both generate user and application traffic and carry out network control and routing protocols. Rapidly changing connectivity, network partitions, higher error rates, collision interference, and bandwidth and power constraints together pose new problems in network control— particularly in the design of higher level protocols such as routing and in implementing applications with Quality of Service requirements. This paper provides an overview of comparision of AODV and DSDV QoS metrics i.e packet delivery ratio, delay ,throughput ,jitter overall residual energy, and control overhead . And give the total information about for which metric which protocol is better it give the exact idea of main metrics of MANETs.
Building Sport For Development Practitioners capacity for undertaking evaluation Reflections on a training programme building capacity in Realist Evaluation .

At present, the quality and practice of Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) in Sport for Development (SfD) projects is under close scrutiny, mainly concerning the capacity that sport has to create social change. Critics have argued that a deeper understanding of ‘what works for whom and why’ is required when evaluating SfD projects. This paper explores practitioner involvement in M&E, drawing upon a ‘realist participatory M&E training framework’ developed to train student sport development practitioners to make sense of how and why their SfD projects worked. The training framework was evaluated utilizing a realist approach to understand what approaches to evaluation worked for those involved in the training framework. Specifically, 15 practitioners participated in the training framework encompassing 5 community focused SfD innovation projects delivered within the Coaching Innovation Programme at a south coast university in the United Kingdom. The realist evaluation incorporated Q-method factor analysis with realist interviews and reflective blogs. Findings on the value of realist evaluation for practitioners emerged. Practical and transformational evaluation characteristics unfolded and four groups of practitioners emerged depicting how the training framework worked. These groups were ‘new and emerging evaluators’, ‘polished problem solvers’, ‘passive passengers’, and ‘proficient yet sceptical practitioners’. These were underpinned by holistic narratives in line with Q-method demonstrating shared viewpoints about the training framework. In conclusion, participatory approaches of M&E can work with practitioners and should be embedded to enable application of realist evaluation.