Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the magnitude of a missing hydroxyl radical source in a tropical rainforest

Abstract. The lifetime of methane is controlled to a very large extent by the abundance of the OH radical. The tropics are a key region for methane removal, with oxidation in the lower tropical troposphere dominating the global methane removal budget (Bloss et al., 2005). In tropical forested environments where biogenic VOC emissions are high and NO x concentrations are low, OH concentrations are assumed to be low due to rapid reactions with sink species such as isoprene. New, simultaneous measurements of OH concentrations and OH reactivity, k ' OH , in a Borneo rainforest are reported and show much higher OH than predicted, with mean peak concentrations of ~2.5×10 6 molecule cm −3 (10 min average) observed around solar noon. Whilst j (O 1 D) and humidity were high, low O 3 concentrations limited the OH production from O 3 photolysis. Measured OH reactivity was very high, peaking at a diurnal average of 29.1±8.5 s −1 , corresponding to an OH lifetime of only 34 ms. To maintain the observed OH concentration given the measured OH reactivity requires a rate of OH production approximately 10 times greater than calculated using all measured OH sources. A test of our current understanding of the chemistry within a tropical rainforest was made using a detailed zero-dimensional model to compare with measurements. The model over-predicted the observed HO 2 concentrations and significantly under-predicted OH concentrations. Inclusion of an additional OH source formed as a recycled product of OH initiated isoprene oxidation improved the modelled OH agreement but only served to worsen the HO 2 model/measurement agreement. To replicate levels of both OH and HO 2 , a process that recycles HO 2 to OH is required; equivalent to the OH recycling effect of 0.74 ppbv of NO. This recycling step increases OH concentrations by 88 % at noon and has wide implications, leading to much higher predicted OH over tropical forests, with a concomitant reduction in the CH 4 lifetime and increase in the rate of VOC degradation.
Adaptive nonlinear regulation: estimation from the Lyapunov equation

A stabilizing adaptive controller for a nonlinear system depending affinely on some unknown parameters is presented. It is assumed that this system is feedback stabilizable. A key feature of the method is the use of the Lyapunov equation to design the adaptive law. A result on local stability, two different conditions for global stability, and a local result where the initial conditions of the state of the system only are restricted are given. >
Towards Environment Independent Device Free Human Activity Recognition

Driven by a wide range of real-world applications, significant efforts have recently been made to explore device-free human activity recognition techniques that utilize the information collected by various wireless infrastructures to infer human activities without the need for the monitored subject to carry a dedicated device. Existing device free human activity recognition approaches and systems, though yielding reasonably good performance in certain cases, are faced with a major challenge. The wireless signals arriving at the receiving devices usually carry substantial information that is specific to the environment where the activities are recorded and the human subject who conducts the activities. Due to this reason, an activity recognition model that is trained on a specific subject in a specific environment typically does not work well when being applied to predict another subject's activities that are recorded in a different environment. To address this challenge, in this paper, we propose EI, a deep-learning based device free activity recognition framework that can remove the environment and subject specific information contained in the activity data and extract environment/subject-independent features shared by the data collected on different subjects under different environments. We conduct extensive experiments on four different device free activity recognition testbeds: WiFi, ultrasound, 60 GHz mmWave, and visible light. The experimental results demonstrate the superior effectiveness and generalizability of the proposed EI framework.
New Bleichenbacher Records: Practical Fault Attacks on qDSA Signatures

In this paper, we optimize Bleichenbacher’s statistical attack technique against (EC)DSA and other Schnorr-like signature schemes with biased or partially exposed nonces. Previous approaches to Bleichenbacher’s attack suffered from very large memory consumption during the so-called “range reduction” phase. Using a carefully analyzed and highly parallelizable approach to this range reduction based on the Schroeppel–Shamir algorithm for knapsacks, we manage to overcome the memory barrier of previous work while maintaining a practical level of efficiency in terms of time complexity.As a separate contribution, we present new fault attacks against the qDSA signature scheme of Renes and Smith (ASIACRYPT 2017) when instantiated over the Curve25519 Montgomery curve, and we validate some of them on the AVR microcontroller implementation of qDSA using actual fault experiments on the ChipWhisperer-Lite evaluation board. These fault attacks enable an adversary to generate signatures with 2 or 3 bits of the nonces known.Combining our two contributions, we are able to achieve a full secret key recovery on qDSA by applying our version of Bleichenbacher’s attack to these faulty signatures. Using a hybrid parallelization model relying on both shared and distributed memory, we achieve a very efficient implementation of our highly scalable range reduction algorithm. This allows us to complete Bleichenbacher’s attack in the 252-bit prime order subgroup of Curve25519 within a reasonable time frame and using relatively modest computational resources both for 3-bit nonce exposure and for the much harder case of 2-bit nonce exposure. Both of these computations, and particularly the latter, set new records in the implementation of Bleichenbacher’s attack.
Embedding Method Using Video Pixel Pair Technique

Data hiding is a kind of secret sharing scheme. This paper proposes a new data hiding method using Pair Pixel technique which mainly focuses on Videos. The values of pixel pair will be used as a reference coordinate and search the coordinates in the neighborhood set of the pixel pair according to a message digit. The existing pixel pair will be replaced by the search coordinates to conceal the digit. This paper also proposes the idea of the visual cryptography scheme (VCS) which is a secret sharing scheme. Comparison for security level of the existing system and the proposed system is done and proves that the proposed system is more secure than the existing one.
The application of Baker's Taxonomy on translation of literary texts, a case study of George Orwell's animal farm / Amin Amir Dabbaghian and Sanaz Solimany

This study aims to evaluate the Persian translation of an English literary text, namely, Animal Farm which was written by George Orwell in 1945 and translated by Ali Akbar Akhondi in 2004. Firstly, literary Translation and its relevant issues will be explicated. Then, a brief biography of George Orwell and a short introduction of the fiction illustrated. After that, some aspects of Translation Quality Assessment (TQA) will be elaborated. Through this study, a Persian translation of the above mentioned English literary work is going to be evaluated based on Baker’s taxonomy of translation. The present research recognizes two paragraphs of the fiction to analyze in accordance with aforementioned theory. Baker's Taxonomy considers five levels for equivalences named Word level, above word level, Grammatical level, Textual level and Pragmatic level. Finally, a conclusion is drawn based on the assessment of the Persian translation of Animal Farm and frequencies and percentages will be calculated in terms of five equivalents.
Analysis of the Potential Contribution of the Distribution and Tourism Sector in the Economic Growth and Development Process : A Case Study of Zimbabwe ( 1980-2013 )

The research focused on analysing the Distribution and Tourism sector potential contribution economic development and how this can translate into addressing adverse socio-economic issues like unemployment, access to better health care, nutrition, clean water and sanitation, spread of HIV/AIDS and other social amenities. The target population was the Tourism sector. Multiple regression analysis was used to come up with a model that best fits the time series data. The model results indicate that the agriculture sector is operating at about 58% and the partial elasticity of GDP to Tourism sector output is 2.73 meaning that a 1% increase agriculture output results in 2.73 % increase in GDP. This implies that at full capacity, the sector can increase GDP by US 7.19 billion dollars. We expect this to translate into public expenditure on capital and social welfare projects. It will also increase the households’ disposable incomes which will induce demand for key services like health care, education and others. We also expect investment expenditure to increase leading to job creation and improved domestic production which means less dependence on imports and hence more savings at home. However, full operating capacity can only be attained if a consistent policy framework is put in place to attract the necessary investment in small to medium enterprises (SMEs) and labour intensive programmes to create more jobs. This is expected to even out income distribution within the economy. Investment in infrastructure and tertiary education is critical element in the value chain since this is where innovation comes from. In developing countries, it is increasingly emerging that International business is keen to invest in the extractive industry where the risk is significantly reduced by the short payback period. The economics of this is largely due to corporate governance issues; political instability, inconsistency macroeconomic policies and corruption. This is therefore an area that needs to be addressed to gain investor confidence.
Modeling ozone plumes observed downwind of New York City over the North Atlantic Ocean during the ICARTT field campaign

Abstract. Transport and chemical transformation of well-defined New York City (NYC) urban plumes over the North Atlantic Ocean were studied using aircraft measurements collected on 20–21 July 2004 during the ICARTT (International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation) field campaign and WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry) model simulations. The strong NYC urban plumes were characterized by carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratios of 350–400 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) and ozone (O 3 ) levels of about 100 ppbv near New York City on 20 July in the WP-3D in-situ and DC-3 lidar aircraft measurements. On 21 July, the two aircraft captured strong urban plumes with about 350 ppbv CO and over 150 ppbv O 3 (~160 ppbv maximum) about 600 km downwind of NYC over the North Atlantic Ocean. The measured urban plumes extended vertically up to about 2 km near New York City, but shrank to 1–1.5 km over the stable marine boundary layer (MBL) over the North Atlantic Ocean. The WRF-Chem model reproduced ozone formation processes, chemical characteristics, and meteorology of the measured urban plumes near New York City (20 July) and in the far downwind region over the North Atlantic Ocean (21 July). The quasi-Lagrangian analysis of transport and chemical transformation of the simulated NYC urban plumes using WRF-Chem results showed that the pollutants can be efficiently transported in (isentropic) layers in the lower atmosphere ( 3 mixing ratio in the NYC urban plumes remained at 80–90 ppbv during nocturnal transport over the stable MBL, then grew to over 100 ppbv by daytime oxidation of nitrogen oxides (NO x = NO + NO 2 ) with mixing ratios on the order of 1 ppbv. Efficient transport of reactive nitrogen species (NO y ), specifically nitric acid (HNO 3 ), was confirmed through the comparison of the CO/NO y ratio in photochemically fresh and aged NYC plumes, implying the possibility of long-range transport of O 3 over the stable MBL over the North Atlantic Ocean in association with NO x regeneration mechanism. The impact of chemical initial and boundary conditions (IC/BCs) on modelled O 3 urban plumes was investigated in terms of the background O 3 level and the vertical structure of the urban plumes. Simulations with dynamic ("time-variant") chemical IC/BCs enhanced the O 3 level by 2–12 ppbv on average in the atmospheric layer below 3 km, showing better agreement with the observed NYC plumes and biomass-burning plumes than the simulation with prescribed static IC/BCs. The simulation including MOZART-4 chemical IC/BCs and Alaskan/Canadian wildfire emissions compared better to the observed O 3 profiles in the upper atmospheric layer (>~3 km) than models that only accounted for North American anthropogenic/biogenic and wildfire contributions to background ozone. The comparison between models and observations show that chemical IC/BCs must be properly specified to achieve accurate model results.
New Interconnection Topology for Network on Chip

The architecture of networks on chip (NOC) highly affects the overall performance of the system on chip (SOC). A new topology for chip interconnection called Torus connected Rings is proposed. Due to the presence of multiple disjoint paths between any source and destination pair, this topology exhibits high fault tolerance capability. The proposed routing method can tolerate faults adaptively. TCR is simple in design and highly scalable. The detailed design and topological parameters are compared with alternate topologies.
Value from Fit with Distinct Motivational Field Environments

ABSTRACT For almost forty years gun ownership and the motivational underpinnings of why guns are valued has received little attention in psychology. Using motivation science tools that explain value creation (regulatory focus and regulatory fit), we tested for fit between the prevention orientation and gun ownership. Our field experiments demonstrate fit between gun ownership and prevention. Our research is agnostic regarding the legal and moral components of the gun rights debate. Instead, we examine the malleability of gun value as a function of regulatory focus and regulatory fit, and provide evidence for fit effects with distinct motivational environments.
Finite sublattices of three-generated lattices

Abstract Every lattice generated by three unordered elements contains a finite sublattice generated by three unordered elements. A list ℒ of twelve finite lattices, each generated by a three-element unordered set, is given. It is proved that every lattice generated by a three-element unordered set contains a sublattice isomorphic to onė of the lattices in ℒ moreover, ℒ is the smallest such list.
Cluster observations of the substructure of a flux transfer event: analysis of high-time-resolution particle data

Flux transfer events (FTEs) are signatures of transient reconnection at the dayside magnetopause, transporting flux from the dayside of the magnetosphere into the magnetotail lobes. They have previously been observed to contain a combination of magnetosheath and magnetospheric plasma. On 12 February 2007, the four Cluster spacecraft were widely separated across the magnetopause and observed a crater-like FTE as they crossed the Earth's dayside magnetopause through its low-latitude boundary layer. The particle instruments on the Cluster spacecraft were in burst mode and returning data providing 3-D velocity distribution functions (VDFs) at 4 s resolution during the observation of this FTE. Moreover, the magnetic field observed during the event remained closely aligned with the spacecraft spin axis and thus we have been able to use these 3-D data to reconstruct nearly full pitch angle distributions of electrons and ions at high time resolution (up to 32 times faster than available from the normal mode data stream). These observations within the boundary layer and inside the core of the FTE show that both the interior and the surrounding structure of the FTE consist of multiple individual layers of plasma, in greater number than previously identified. Our observations show a cold plasma inside the core, a thin layer of antiparallel-moving electrons at the edge of FTE itself, and field-aligned ions with Alfvenic speeds at the trailing edge of the FTE. We discuss the plasma characteristics in these FTE layers, their possible relevance to the magnetopause reconnection processes and attempt to distinguish which of the various different FTE models may be relevant in this case. These data are particularly relevant given the impending launch of NASA's MMS mission, for which similar observations are expected to be more routine.
Synthesis of new p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-based polyammonium triazolyl amphiphiles and their binding with nucleoside phosphates

The synthesis of new calix[4]arenes adopting a cone stereoisomeric form bearing two or four azide fragments on the upper rim and water-soluble triazolyl amphiphilic receptors with two or four polyammonium headgroups via copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction has been performed for the first time. It was found that the synthesized macrocycles form stable aggregates with hydrodynamic diameters between 150–200 nm and electrokinetic potentials about +40 to +60 mV in water solutions. Critical aggregation concentration (CAC) values were measured using a micelle method with pyrene and eosin Y as dye probes. The CAC values of tetraalkyl-substituted macrocycles 12a,b (5 µM for both) are significantly lower than those for dialkyl-substituted macrocycles 10a,b (790 and 160 µM, respectively). Premicellar aggregates of macrocycles 10a,b and 12a,b with the dye eosin Y were used for nucleotides sensing through a dye replacement procedure. It is unusual that disubstituted macrocycles 10a,b bind more effectively a less charged adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) than adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). A simple colorimetric method based on polydiacetylene vesicles decorated with 10b was elaborated for the naked-eye detection of ADP with a detection limit of 0.5 mM.
FormantPro as a Tool for Speech Analysis and Segmentation / FormantPro como uma ferramenta para a análise e segmentação da fala

Abstract: This paper introduces FormantPro, a Praat-based tool for large-scale, systematic analysis of formant movements, especially for experimental data. The program generates a rich set of output metrics, including continuous contours like time-normalized formant trajectories and formant velocity profiles suitable for direct graphical comparisons, and discrete measurements suitable for statistical analysis. It also allows users to generate mean trajectories and discrete measurements averaged across repetitions and speakers. As an illustration of its usage, data from a preliminary study of syllable segmentation in Mandarin were presented. The alignment of continuous formant trajectories enabled by FormantPro provides evidence that the temporal scopes of consonants and vowels are very different from those based on conventional views, and that acoustic and articulatory boundaries of segments are fundamentally similar.Keywords: FormantPro; formant trajectories; syllable segmentation.Resumo: Este artigo apresenta o FormantPro, uma ferramenta que roda no Praat, dedicada à análise sistemática e em larga escala dos movimentos de formantes, especialmente para dados de natureza experimental. O programa gera um rico conjunto de métricas de saída, incluindo contornos contínuos, como as trajetórias de formantes normalizadas temporalmente e perfis de velocidade de formantes adequados para comparações gráficas diretas, bem como medidas discretas adequadas para a análise estatística. O programa também permite aos usuários gerar médias de trajetórias e medidas discretas calculadas a partir das médias de repetições e de falantes. Como ilustração da sua usabilidade, dados preliminares de um estudo sobre segmentação silábica em mandarim foram apresentados. O alinhamento de trajetórias contínuas de formantes geradas pelo FormantPro oferecem evidência de que os escopos temporais de consoantes e vogais são muito diferentes daqueles baseados em visões convencionais, e de que as fronteiras acústicas e articulatórias dos segmentos são fundamentalmente semelhantes.Palavras-chave: FormantPro; trajetórias dos formantes; segmentação silábica
Single-pass Parallel Prefix Scan with Decoupled Lookback

We describe a work-efficient, communication-avoiding, singlepass method for the parallel computation of prefix scan. When consuming input from memory, our algorithm requires only ~2n data movement: n inputs are read, n outputs are written. Our method embodies a decoupled look-back strategy that performs redundant work to dissociate local computation from the latencies of global prefix propagation. Implemented by the CUB library of parallel primitives for GPU architectures, the performance throughput of our parallel prefix scan approaches that of copy operations. Furthermore, the single-pass nature of our method allows it to be adapted for (1) in-place compaction behavior, and (2) in-situ global allocation within computations that oversubscribe the processor.
Distributed Plant Hydraulic and Hydrological Modeling to Understand the Susceptibility of Riparian Woodland Trees to Drought‐Induced Mortality

The mechanistic understanding of drought‐induced forest mortality hinges on improved models that incorporate the interactions between plant physiological responses and the spatiotemporal dynamics of water availability. We present a new framework integrating a three‐dimensional groundwater model, Parallel Flow, with a physiologically sophisticated plant model, Terrestrial Regional Ecosystem Exchange Simulator. The integrated model, Parallel Flow‐Terrestrial Regional Ecosystem Exchange Simulator, was demonstrated to quantify the susceptibility of riparian cottonwoods (Populus angustifolia, Populus deltoides, and native hybrids) in southwestern Canada to sustained atmospheric drought and variability in stream flow. The model reasonably captured the dynamics of soil moisture and evapotranspiration in both wet and dry years, including the resilience of cottonwoods despite their high vulnerability to xylem cavitation. Unrealistic predictions of mortality could be generated when ignoring lateral groundwater flow. Our results also illustrated a mechanistic linkage between streamflow and cottonwood health. In the absence of precipitation, normal streamflow could sustain 94% of cottonwoods, and higher streamflows would be required to sustain all of the floodplain cottonwoods. Further, the risk of mortality was mediated by plant hydraulic properties. These results underpin the importance of integrating groundwater processes and plant hydraulics in order to analyze the forest response to sustained severe drought, which could increase in the future due to climate change combined with increasing river water withdrawals.
OFDM Modulation Technique & its Applications : A Review

OFDM is turning into the chosen modulation technique for wireless communication to reduce multipath fading effects and to provide massive data rates. OFDM is a multicarrier transmission system that utilizes the method of ripping smaller subcarriers of frequencies to agitate multipath drawback. Multipath distortion and Frequency interference are decreased through this system. OFDM has been accustomed develop the capability of CDMA networks and fulfils the wireless access technique for 4G networks. OFDM is meant to attain during a superior method just in that matter of frequency selective fading and narrowband interference. OFDM cuts the extent of interference in signal broadcasting.