Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variability among Three Species of Aspergillus 2. Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna (RAPD) Markers for Genetic Analysis

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprints were used to analysis genetic relationships amongA. niger, A. flavus and A. parasiticus. Four arbitrary 5-base primers weresuccessfully used to amplify DNA extracted from mycelium of these primers showed characteristic. RAPD fingerprinting of the different Aspergillus species can be used to gain rapid and precise information about genetic similarities and dissimilarities of different Aspergillus species. RAPD fingerprints of A. niger, A. flavus and S. parasiticus revealed polymorphism in 37, 59, 51% of the analyzed Aspergillus sp. The frequency of genetic variability was detected in three isolates of Aspergillus dependant, variations in threadlike structure (TLS) chromosomes, conidial spores and aflatoxins type production. RAPD analysis appeared genetic variability in approximately 5% of the analyzed conidial dimensions, TLS and 50% of the aflatoxin typing between A. flavus and A. parasiticus or A. niger. It was observed also that all morphologically abnormal growth on PDA medium.RAPD fingerprints analysis appeared genetic variability between A. niger, A. flavus, A. parasiticus. The similarity percent was 37% in A. niger, 58% in A. flavus and 51.5% in A. parasiticus according to the percent of PAF (10/27; 16/27 and 14/27 respectively).
The Relationship Between Students’ Achievement In The Theoretical And Practical Aspects Of Senior School Certificate Mock Examination In Chemistry

In this study an attempt was made to compare and find the relationship between students’ achievement in theoretical and practical aspects of Mock Senior School Certificate Examinations in Chemistry. The study adopted a correlation research design which specifically, compared recorded scores of students in theoretical and practical aspects of chemistry MOCK Examination of 2007-2009 academic sessions. One research question and one hypothesis guided the study. A total of 1200 SS3 students drawn from secondary schools within Potiskum education zone of Yobe state were used. The students were drawn through random sampling technique. Mean and standard deviation of scores were used to answer the research question while Pearson Product-Moment Correlation analysis was used to test the null hypothesis at p< 0.05. The result showed that students achieved better in the theoretical aspect than in the practical in the MOCK Examination in Chemistry 2007 – 2009 in Potiskum Education Zone of Yobe State. It also revealed that there were significant relationships between students’ achievement in the theoretical and the practical aspects of the examination. Thus it was concluded that students do not have enough laboratory experience to cope with the demand of the external practical examination in Chemistry. Therefore it was recommended that Chemistry teachers should give more priority to practical experiments as part of instruction in order to improve students’ understanding of practically related concepts. Theoretical and practical instructions should be given side by side.
FUNDAMENTALS OF THE MODELING AND SIMULATION IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

Abstract: Direct Metal Laser Sintering1 (DMLS) is a revolutionary technology that allows a production of fully functional metal parts directly from a 3D CAD data, eliminating the investment to production tools and technologies which brings considerable cost and time savings. Metal parts made by DMLS technology are fully comparable with casted or machined parts. A range of application of DMLS technologies is very wide – from prototypes, through short-run production to final products. Advantages of DMLS technology are arising along with complexity of parts – more complex geometry of parts (in terms of shape and occurrence of the detail) make DMLS technology even more economically effective.
Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in dietary ingredients for broiler chickens

The apparent ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids in 107 samples representing 22 food ingredients were determined using 6-week-old broiler chickens. The ingredients assayed included five cereals ( barley, maize, sorghum, triticale and wheat), two cereal by-products ( rice polishings and wheat middlings), four oilseed meals ( canola, cottonseed, soyabean and sunflower meals), full-fat canola, maize gluten meal, four grain legumes ( chickpeas, faba beans,field peas and lupins) and five animal protein sources ( blood, feather,fish, meat and meat and bone meals). The mean ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids in wheat and maize were higher than those in sorghum, triticale and barley. However, variations observed in individual amino acid digestibilities among samples within cereal type were greater than those determined between cereals. Threonine and lysine were the least digestible indispensable amino acids in the five cereals evaluated. The most digestible indispensable amino acid was phenylalanine in wheat and, leucine in maize and sorghum. In the case of the wheat middlings and rice polishings, threonine was the least digestible indispensable amino acid and arginine was the best digested. In the oilseed meals assayed, amino acid digestibility was highest for soya-bean and sunflower meals, intermediate for canola meal and lowest for cottonseed meal. Ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids in lupins were found to be slightly lower than those in soya-bean meal. The amino acid digestibilities of field peas, faba beans and chickpeas were considerably lower than those of lupins. Digestibility of arginine was the highest and that of threonine was the lowest of the indispensable amino acids in oilseed meals and grain legumes, except in cottonseed meal. Lysine was the least digestible amino acid in cottonseed meal. In the animal protein sources assayed, digestibility coefficients of amino acids in blood meal were high, intermediate in fish meal, and low in meat meal, meat and bone meal and feather meal. Variation in amino acid digestibility coefficients determined for blood meal samples was small. However, wide variations in amino acid digestibilities were observed for other animal protein sources, highlighting significant batch-to-batch differences. In particular, marked variations were determined for meat meal and meat and bone meal samples. Cystine was the least digested amino acid in animal protein meals, with the exception of blood meal in which isoleucine had the lowest digestibility. The limitations of using apparent digestibility values in diet formulations and the concept of the standardized digestibility system to overcome these limitations are discussed.
Self-Theories, Goals, and Meaning

Goals lie at the heart of motivation, and thus of psychology. From Freud, Jung, and Adler, to the learning theorists like Hull and Tolman, to more and more researchers today, motivation has been recognized as the organizing and energizing force behind all actions. Many chapters in this book deal with the nature and workings of goals, and so, in large part, does this one. But this chapter also deals with the question of what orients people toward certain goals—and then what happens once they are so oriented. More specifically, in this chapter we review research on people’s self-theories and the goals they give rise to. We then show how the self-theories and goals together create a system of meaning that shapes interpretations of selfrelevant stimuli and events, influencing how people understand their own experience, and guiding their affect, cognition, and behavior. In this way, self-theories and their allied goals determine important outcomes in academic, social, business, and sports settings. SELF-THEORIES
The Effect of Short‐Duration Seawater Exposure and Acoustic Tag Implantation on the Swimming Performance and Physiology of Presmolt Juvenile Coho Salmon

Abstract To assess the potential impact of “tag effect” on seaward-migrating Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, presmolt juveniles were surgically implanted with acoustic transmitters followed by exposure to freshwater (FW, 0‰ salinity) or seawater (SW; 30‰ salinity) for 24 h and then subjected to repeated critical swimming speed (U crit) trials. Three different experimental tag-treatment groups were established: control (no surgery), sham (surgery but no tag), and tagged (surgically implanted tag), with a range of 9–12 fish in each group. Tagged fish were implanted with Vemco V6 dummy acoustic transmitters (DAT: 17.0 mm long × 6 mm diameter, 1.0 g in air). After completion of two U crit trials, separated by a recovery period, all fish were euthanized and sampled to determine hematocrit (Hct) and plasma osmolality. In the FW exposure, the mean U crit of the control treatment was significantly higher than that of the tagged treatment (P = 0.04). No significant differences in swimming performance were observ.
Modification of Gesture-Determined-Dynamic Function with Consideration of Margins for Motion Planning of Humanoid Robots

The gesture-determined-dynamic function (GDDF) offers an effective way to handle the control problems of humanoid robots. Specifically, GDDF is utilized to constrain the movements of dual arms of humanoid robots and steer specific gestures to conduct demanding tasks under certain conditions. However, there is still a deficiency in this scheme. Through experiments, we found that the joints of the dual arms, which can be regarded as the redundant manipulators, could exceed their limits slightly at the joint angle level. The performance straightly depends on the parameters designed beforehand for the GDDF, which causes a lack of adaptability to the practical applications of this method. In this paper, a modified scheme of GDDF with consideration of margins (MGDDF) is proposed. This MGDDF scheme is based on quadratic programming (QP) framework, which is widely applied to solving the redundancy resolution problems of robot arms. Moreover, three margins are introduced in the proposed MGDDF scheme to avoid joint limits. With consideration of these margins, the joints of manipulators of the humanoid robots will not exceed their limits, and the potential damages which might be caused by exceeding limits will be completely avoided. Computer simulations conducted on MATLfurther verify the feasibility and superiority of the proposed MGDDF scheme.
COOLING SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION FOR LIGHT DIESEL HELICOPTERS

CRDID (Common Rail Diesel Engine) main advantage is the reduced fuel consumption, the safety and the flight readiness. In fact, diesel fuel is available everywhere and flights to airports just for refueling can be avoided. However, diesel engines are generally heavier than turboshaft and require cooling. This necessity is particularly important during near stationary operations of the helicopter. If fans are used for the cooling system, the available power is reduced with an increased penalty weight for the installation. For this reason the ejector exhaust system can be successfully used in CRDID powered helicopters. A feasibility study for the installation of a CRDID (Common Rail Diesel Engine) on a common light helicopter (AB 206) is introduced. The total mass available for the CRDID is evaluated starting from fuel consumption and helicopter data. A derivative of an automotive engine can be used for the turboshaft to CRDID powererplant conversion. The result is that the installation is indeed possible and the payload can be slightly increased in the diesel powered helicopter due to more power available.
Training and Employee Effectiveness in Port-Harcourt City Council, Rivers State, Nigeria

This study investigated the relationship between training and employee effectiveness of Port-Harcourt City Council, Rivers State, Nigeria. The study was designed as a Quasi-experimental research design. Data was generated from (800) eight hundred out of the nine hundred and seventy-eight staff currently engaged with port-Harcourt city council, Rivers State while the Taro Yamane’s formula was used to determine the sample size of (267). Data were presented using descriptive statistics for the demographics whereas the test of hypotheses was done using the spearman’s Rank Order correlation Co-efficient aided with the Statistical package for social science. The findings indicate that training significantly enhanced employee’s effectiveness outcomes such as timeliness of work and Quality of work. Hence, this study recommends that the management of the Port Harcourt City Council should endeavor to include training as part of their responsibility as training helps to encourage commitment and understanding by linking the employees' work with the organization's goals and objectives. The study recommends that the Management of Local Government Council in Rivers State should ensure that they include training as part of the programmes for the council as it was discovered that training mainly focuses on teaching organizational members how to perform in their current jobs and helping them acquire the knowledge and skills they need to be effective performers.
Selective Adsorption and Electrocatalysis of Polysulfides through Hexatomic Nickel Clusters Embedded in N-Doped Graphene toward High-Performance Li-S Batteries

The shuttle effect hinders the practical application of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries due to the poor affinity between a substrate and Li polysulfides (LiPSs) and the sluggish transition of soluble LiPSs to insoluble Li2S or elemental S. Here, we report that Ni hexatomic clusters embedded in a nitrogen-doped three-dimensional (3D) graphene framework (Ni-N/G) possess stronger interaction with soluble polysulfides than that with insoluble polysulfides. The synthetic electrocatalyst deployed in the sulfur cathode plays a multifunctional role: (i) selectively adsorbing the polysulfides dissolved in the electrolyte, (ii) expediting the sluggish liquid-solid phase transformations at the active sites as electrocatalysts, and (iii) accelerating the kinetics of the electrochemical reaction of multielectron sulfur, thereby inhibiting the dissolution of LiPSs. The constructed S@Ni-N/G cathode delivers an areal capacity of 9.43 mAh cm−2 at 0.1 C at S loading of 6.8 mg cm−2, and it exhibits a gravimetric capacity of 1104 mAh g−1 with a capacity fading rate of 0.045% per cycle over 50 cycles at 0.2 C at S loading of 2.0 mg cm−2. This work opens a rational approach to achieve the selective adsorption and expediting of polysulfide transition for the performance enhancement of Li-S batteries.
Establishment and application of a method of next generation sequencing of 285 genes in lung cancer based on Ion-Proton platform

Background The development of “precision medicine” needs a novel genetic screening and diagnostic technique for clinical detection. This study aims to establish a method for highly parallel multiplexed detection of genetic mutations in Chinese lung cancer samples through testing 285 genes by customized next generation sequencing (NGS) on Ion-Proton platform. Methods We reviewed the related literature and collected data of genomic alteration that occurred in lung cancer. We identified 285 target genes closely related to the pathogenesis, drug resistance, and metastasis of lung cancer. Targeted hybridization probes were designed using SureDesign software. The detection method was established by analyzing four cell lines and 13 lung cancer specimens which had been validated through Sanger sequencing. The sensitivity and specificity of the proposed method were preliminarily evaluated by comparisons with the Sanger sequencing and a LungCarta mutation-detection method. Results The proposed method was able to detect mutations of 285 genes in lung cancer cell lines and clinical lung cancer specimens. The reads, mapped reads, on target, mean depth and uniformity were 14.90±4.37 (×106), 98.68%±0.61%, 60.49%±10.72%, 714.42±264.13 and 90.51%±6.91%, respectively. The detected mutation result of cell lines was consistent with the observations on previously reported mutations, and the congruence rate was 100%. The proposed method can detect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), InDel, Fusion and copy number variation (CNV). The complete congruence rate of detected result of specimens between the proposed method and Sanger sequencing, LungCarta mutation-detection method, immunohistochemistry (IHC), real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method were all 100% regarding mutations in common genes like EGFR, KRAS, or fusions of ALK, RET, etc. In addition, NFE2L3_p. Ser511_Pro513del, ERBB2_E770delinsEAYVM, MET_S701N, PDGFRA_T674I, TP53_G245V, TP53_V274A, TP53_A276F, TP53_G334L, TP53_R337L and TP53_Y220C mutations were detected only through the proposed method. The proposed method can detect mutations from blood, this detection result was consistent with the cancer tissues of the same clinical lung cancer patient. Conclusions The proposed Ion-Proton technology-based NGS method can detect genetic mutations in Chinese lung cancer patients. Therefore, the proposed method could be used to detect mutations in other cancer tissues and plasma, which needs further validation.
Population Change in a Marine Bird Colony is Driven By Changes in Recruitment Influence du taux de recrutement sur les effectifs d'une colonie d'oiseaux marins

The population dynamics of long-lived birds are thought to be very sensitive to changes in adult survival. However, where natal philopatry is low, recruitment from the larger metapopulation may have the strongest effect on population growth rate even in long-lived species. Here, we illustrate such a situation where changes in a seabird colony size appeared to be the consequence of changes in recruitment. We studied the population dynamics of a declining colony of Ancient Murrelets (Synthliboramphus antiquus) at East Limestone Island, British Columbia. During 1990-2010, Ancient Murrelet chicks were trapped at East Limestone Island while departing to sea, using a standard trapping method carried on throughout the departure period. Adult murrelets were trapped while departing from the colony during 1990-2003. Numbers of chicks trapped declined during 1990-1995, probably because of raccoon predation, increased slightly from 1995-2000 and subsequently declined again. Reproductive success was 30% lower during 2000-2003 than in earlier years, mainly because of an increase in desertions. The proportion of nonbreeders among adult birds trapped at night also declined over the study period. Mortality of adult birds, thought to be mainly prebreeders, from predators more than doubled over the same period. Apparent adult survival of breeders remained constant during 1991-2002 once the first year after banding was excluded, but the apparent survival rates in the first year after banding fell and the survival of birds banded as chicks to age three halved over the same period. A matrix model of population dynamics suggested that even during the early part of the study immigration from other breeding areas must have been substantial, supporting earlier observations that natal philopatry in this species is low. The general colony decline after 2000 probably was related to diminished recruitment, as evidenced by the lower proportion of nonbreeders in the trapped sample. Hence the trend is determined by the recruitment decisions of externally reared birds, rather than demographic factors operating on the local breeding population, an unusual situation for a colonial marine bird. Because of the contraction in the colony it may now be subject to a level of predation pressure from which recovery will be impossible without some form of intervention.
Design of a Bionic Arm Using Rapid Prototyping Technology

This paper presents a 3D printable design for a myoelectric prosthetic arm which is electronically actuated and controlled by a user flexing muscles. The prototype has the potential to be used by an amputee or person born without a limb. In these days, a rapid prototyping (RP) technology as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) allows individuals to become small-scale manufacturers. Using RP technology to obtain physical parts for the bionic arm has a high impact due to the final price. The main purpose of this project is to design a low-cost bionic arm controlled by EMG signals.
Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), An Asian Wood-Boring Beetle Recorded in North America

ABSTRACT Two adult specimens of Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann, 1835), a newly detected alien wood-boring beetle native to Asia (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), were collected in Repentigny, Quebec, Canada in 2002 and 2006. Adults, pupae, and mature larvae of this species are described, illustrated and diagnosed to facilitate its recognition among other North American Cerambycidae. The mtDNA sequence of the COI “barcoding” region of a Canadian specimen was obtained and analyzed. We discuss taxonomic affinities of T. campestris, its native distribution, host plants, and significance as a quarantine pest in North America. The importance of solid wood-packaging material as a potential pathway for invasive wood-boring species is highlighted. Seven other non-native Cerambycidae species first recorded in North America since 1980 [Tetropium fuscum (Fabricius, 1787), Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky, 1853), Tetrops praeusta (Linnaeus, 1758), Callidiellum rufipenne (Motschulsky, 1860), Phoracantha semipunctata (Fabricius, 1775), Phoracantha recurva Newman, 1842, and Sybra alternans (Wiedemann, 1825)] are briefly discussed.
The Role of Cytokinin in Organised Differentiation of Vascular Tissues

The role of cytokinin as a limiting and controlling factor in the differentiation of vascular tissues in the plant body is discussed. Cytokinin controls the early stages of fibre differentiation in Helianthus stems and the regeneration of vessels and sieve tubes around a wound in Coleus internodes. The influence of cytokinin on cell differentiation in the vascular tissues varies according to its physiological levels and the levels of auxin. Cytokinin induces an acropetal polar pattern of vessel regeneration around a wound in internodes of Coleus. Similarly, adventitious roots induce acropetal polar patterns of vessel maturation in hypocotyls of Cucurbita. Cytokinin increases the sensitivity of the vascular cambium to the auxin stimulation, resulting in the highest ratio of phloem/xylem under the optimal level of cytokinin. High levels of cytokinin promote callose production on sieve plates. Studies of transgenic plants with altered levels of cytokinin (overexpressing the ipt gene) confirm the involvement of cytokinin in vascular differentiation.
Cingulofrontal Interactions and the Cingulate Motor Areas

Chapter contents Goals and Organization of this Chapter 114 Overview of Monkey Cingulate Cortex 115 Pregenual Areas 24 and 32 and Subgenual Area 25 Connections 115 Anterior Cingulofrontal Connections: Midcingulate Area 24 ́ 117 Posterior Cingulofrontal Connections: Areas 23 and 31 120 Retrosplenial-frontal Connections: Areas 29 and 30 122 Frontal Interconnections of the Rostral and Caudal Cingulate Motor Areas 123 Intrinsic Cingulate Connections 127 Summary of Cingulofrontal Interconnections 128 Dorsolateral prefrontal-cingulate connections 128 Orbitofrontal-cingulate connections 129 Cingulate Motor Functions 130 Somatotopic organization 130 Motor control functions 130 Cognitive Aspects of Behavioral Control 131 Reward-based control of behaviour 133 Error detection, behavioral monitoring, and confl ict monitoring 133 Human Studies 135 Motor control functions 135 Executive control, confl ict/error detection, actionoutcome monitoring 136 Summary of the Properties of the Cingulate Motor Areas 136 References 137