Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and 3D Printing of Scaffolds and Tissues

ABSTRACT A growing number of three-dimensional (3D)-printing processes have been applied to tissue engineering. This paper presents a state-of-the-art study of 3D-printing technologies for tissue-engineering applications, with particular focus on the development of a computer-aided scaffold design system; the direct 3D printing of functionally graded scaffolds; the modeling of selective laser sintering (SLS) and fused deposition modeling (FDM) processes; the indirect additive manufacturing of scaffolds, with both micro and macro features; the development of a bioreactor; and 3D/4D bioprinting. Technological limitations will be discussed so as to highlight the possibility of future improvements for new 3D-printing methodologies for tissue engineering.
Comparison and Implementation of Multiple Model Structural Identification Methods

AbstractAlthough multiple-model structural identification (MM ST-ID) approaches appear to offer clear, conceptual benefits over single-model approaches, they have not yet been employed within a transparent scenario that will allow quantitative comparison, critique, and refinement. To fill this gap, the research reported in this paper aimed to (1) implement and compare current MM ST-ID approaches on a physical laboratory model to establish their accuracy and identify their merits and shortcomings, and (2) identify the ability to refine MM ST-ID methods by weighing observations based on their correlation with the desired predictions. The scenario implemented used modal parameters as the observations, and static displacements and strains as the desired predictions. The various MM ST-ID methods were evaluated based on how their prediction distributions agreed with the actual responses of the physical model. The results indicated that while all methods were successful in bounding the actual responses, the Baye.
Supporting Reflection and Classroom Orchestration with Tangible Tabletops

Tangible tabletop systems have been extensively proven to be able to enhance participation and engagement as well as enable many exciting activities, particularly in the education domain. However, it remains unclear as to whether students really benefit from using them for tasks that require a high level of reflection. Moreover, most existing tangible tabletops are designed as stand-alone systems or devices. Increasingly, this design assumption is no longer sufficient, especially in realistic learning settings. Due to the technological evolution in schools, multiple activities, resources, and constraints in the classroom ecosystem are now involved in the learning process. The way teachers manage technology-enhanced classrooms and the involved activities and constraints in real-time, also known as classroom orchestration, is a crucial aspect for the materialization of reflection and learning. This thesis aims to explore how educational tangible tabletop systems affect reflection, how reflection and orchestration are related, and how we can support reflection and orchestration to improve learning. It presents the design, implementation, and evaluations of three tangible tabletop systems – the DockLamp, the TinkerLamp, and the TinkerLamp 2.0 – in different learning contexts. Our experience with these systems, both inside and outside of the laboratory, results in an insightful understanding of the impacts of tangible tabletops on learning and the conditions for their effective use as well as deployment. These findings can be beneficial to the researchers and designers of learning environments using tangible tabletop and similar interfaces.
Evolutionary origins of polycystic ovary syndrome: An environmental mismatch disorder

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common female endocrine disorder and has important evolutionary implications for female reproduction and health. PCOS presents an interesting paradox, as it results in significant anovulation and potential sub-fecundity in industrialized populations, yet it has a surprisingly high prevalence and has a high heritability. In this review, we discuss an overview of PCOS, current diagnostic criteria, associated hormonal pathways and a review of proposed evolutionary hypotheses for the disorder. With a multifactorial etiology that includes ovarian function, metabolism, insulin signaling and multiple genetic risk alleles, PCOS is a complex disorder. We propose that PCOS is a mismatch between previously neutral genetic variants that evolved in physically active subsistence settings that have the potential to become harmful in sedentary industrialized environments. Sedentary obesogenic environments did not exist in ancestral times and exacerbate many of these pathways, resulting in the high prevalence and severity of PCOS today. Overall, the negative impacts of PCOS on reproductive success would likely have been minimal during most of human evolution and unlikely to generate strong selection. Future research and preventative measures should focus on these gene-environment interactions as a form of evolutionary mismatch, particularly in populations that are disproportionately affected by obesity and metabolic disorders. Lay Summary The most severe form of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is likely a result of interactions between genetic predispositions for PCOS and modern obesogenic environments. PCOS would likely have been less severe ancestrally and the fitness reducing effects of PCOS seen today are likely a novel product of sedentary, urban environments.
Probabilistic neural networks for validation of on-board jet engine data

Abstract A method is presented for identification of faults in the readings of sensors used to monitor the performance and the condition of jet engines. Probabilistic neural networks are used to detect the presence and identify the location and magnitude of faults (biases) in sensor readings. The faults can be detected on sets comprising a limited number of instruments, typical of those available for on-board monitoring of jet engines. An engine performance model is used to support the constitution of a network. Training information is built using the model to produce data for a comprehensive set of healthy and faulty situations. The network performance in detecting and quantifying sensor faults is validated on a large number of fault cases, also generated by a model, which are used for testing the network and cover a wide range of conditions that can be encountered in practice. An engine, representative of current large civil engine designs (large bypass, partially mixed turbofan), serves as the test vehicle for demonstration of the way the method is materialized.
Statistical aerosol properties associated with fire events from 2002
to 2019 along with a case analysis in 2019 over Australia

Abstract. Wildfires are an important contributor to atmospheric aerosols in Australia and could significantly affect regional and even global climate. This study investigates the impact of fire events on aerosol properties along with the long-range transport of biomass burning aerosols over Australia using multi-year measurements from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) at ten sites over Australia, satellite dataset derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), reanalysis data from Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2), and back-trajectories from the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT). Strong correlation (0.62) was found between fire radiative power (FRP) and aerosol optical depth (AOD) over Australia, suggesting the significant contribution to aerosols from fires. The fire count, FRP, and AOD showed distinct and consistent interannual variations with high values during September–February (Biomass Burning period, BB period) and low values during March–August (non-Biomass Burning period, non-BB period) every year. The annual average contribution of carbonaceous, dust, sulfate and sea salt aerosols to total aerosol were 26.24 %, 23.38 %, 26.36 % and 24.02 %, respectively. The results from AERONET, MODIS, and MERRA-2 showed that AOD values significantly increased with fine mode aerosol dominated during BB period, especially in northern and southeastern Australia. Further, Carbonaceous aerosol was the main contributor to total aerosols during BB period, especially in September–December when carbonaceous aerosol contributed the most (30.08–42.91 %). The great fires during the BB period of 2019/2020 further demonstrated significant impact on aerosol properties, such as the extreme increase in AOD for most southeastern Australia, the dominance of fine particle aerosols, and the significant increase in carbonaceous and dust aerosols in southeastern and central Australia, respectively. Moreover, smoke was found as the dominant aerosol type detected at heights 2.5–12 km in southeastern Australia in December 2019 and at heights roughly from 6.2 to 12 km in January 2020. In contrast, dust was detected more frequently at heights from 2 to 5 km in November 2019, January, and February 2020. A case analysis revealed that significant changes in aerosol properties including aerosol loading, aerosol particle size, aerosol type in central Australia could be caused during the BB period of 2019/2020 due to the long-range transport of biomass burning aerosols from eastern and southern Australia.
An auto-focusing system for white light microscopic measurement

With the rapid development of semiconductor technology the demand for high resolution measuring system is evolving at an ever-increasing pace. Microscope was initially used to detect the defect by connecting charge couple device (CCD) as an auxiliary device. In general, for microscopic measurement human eyes are used to focus on the sample. The adjustment depends on the operator's astute measurement ability, which affected the repeatability and accuracy of the readings. There is a need of high-speed microscope auto focusing system for industrial applications. The present investigation describes about the development of an autofocus system to carry out microscopic measurement more precisely and accurately with less time. The measurement system consists of a light source, two beam splitters, a movable sample stage and a Mirau's interferometer, a photo-detector and 8051 microcontroller (MCU89C51). The light reflected from the sample surface interferes with the light reflected from the reference and produce an interference pattern, which is imaged onto a CCD array. In the setup developed for the autofocus one extra beam splitter is placed in the path of interfered beam to the CCD. The beam splitter is placed at equal distances from the CCD and the photodetector. The focus position is determined from the voltage developed in the photo-detector due to the movement of sample stage of the microscope. The maximum voltage that obtained at the focus position is confirmed with the CCD image. Microcontroller is used to stop the controller at the focus position immediately once the sample stage reaches it. Software is developed to locate the maximum intensity position. The design may autofocus the interferometer within 4mm distance in 1 second. The auto-focusing not only provides enhanced repeatability and accuracy of the results at a faster rate but also minimizes operator involvement.
Metallic thin film composites with shape memory alloys for microswitches and tactile graphical displays

A new mechanism to switch thin film actuators between two stable states has been developed. Bistable membrane switches can be realized by snap-dome shaped metallic foils which are coated on opposite surfaces with Ti(Ni,Cu) and (Ti,Hf)Ni respectively whereby the narrow hysteresis of Ti(Ni,Cu) is within the broad one of (Ti,Hf)Ni. If both SMAs are martensitic or both are austenitic, they apply similar forces on the intermediate foil and the shape of the membrane remains constant. However, if one of them is austenitic and the other one martensitic, the austenitic one determines the curvature of the membrane. Switching is possible by two different heat pulses. Therefore, energy is only required to change the state of the membrane. The new mechanism is described and first successful processing steps are presented. The mechanism allows the fabrication of microswitches and tactile displays.
A Statistical Process Control Method for Semiconductor Manufacturing

To maintain stable operation of semiconductor fabrication lines, statistical process control (SPC) methods are recognized to be effective. However, in semiconductor fabrication lines, there exist a huge number of process state signals to be monitored, and these signals contain both normally and non-normally distributed data. Therefore, if we try to apply SPC methods to those signals, we need one which satisfies three requirements: 1) It can deal with both normally distributed data, and non-normally distributed data, 2) It can be set up automatically, 3) It can be easily understood by engineers and technicians. In this paper, we propose a new SPC method which satisfies these three requirements at the same time. This method uses similar rules to the Shewhart chart, but can deal with non-normally distributed data by introducing “effective standard deviations”. Usefulness of this method is demonstrated by comparing false alarm ratios to that of the Shewhart chart method. In the demonstration, we use various kinds of artificially generated data, and real data observed in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process tool in a semiconductor fabrication line.
Comparative Study on Added Resistance for Different Hull Forms by using Weakly-Nonlinear Seakeeping Formulations

Recently, the design of commercial ships with less green-house gas is one of great interests in naval architecture fields. Ship designers are asked to find optimum hull forms with minimum resistance in ocean waves. The accurate computation of added resistance, therefore, is getting more important for the prediction of power increase in random ocean waves. This study focuses on the numerical computation of added resistance on ships with Ax-bow shapes which are designed to reduce added resistance. To this end, the time-domain Rankine panel methods based on weakly-nonlinear and weak-scatterer approaches are applied, which can reflect the influence of above-still-water bow shape. As computational models, KCS and KVLCC2 hull forms are considered. Each ship is combined with the three types of Ax-bow shape, and computational results are compared each other.
The Development of a Micro Machined Xenon Feed System

A Xenon feed system, manufactured by the means of micro machining, is under development. The system comprises several multifunctional modules described in the paper. A large part of the effort has been directed to the flow control unit, in which the flow is modulated using a thermal flow regulator. The regulator includes a heater and a temperature sensor, and has been manufactured and evaluated. A flow sensor is also included in the flow control unit. The mass for the xenon feed system, including housing and electronics is estimated to 150g.
Modeling and Calibration of Grid Structured Light Based 3-D Vision Inspection

The principle of structured light 3-D vision is introduced, and using projective and perspective transformations, the mathematical model of grid structured light based 3-D vision inspection is established in homogeneous coordinate system in this paper. Based on the image feature analysis of grid structured light, a calibration method of grid structured light based 3-D vision inspection is proposed, and experimental results are also presented. This method is easy, efficient and fast to carry out. It simplifies the calibration process while guaranteeing its accuracy.
Twenty-Five Years of Aboveground Biomass and Carbon Accumulation Following Extreme Wind Damage in an Old-Growth Forest

Modeling of carbon dynamics at the landscape, regional, and continental scales is currently limited by few empirical studies of biomass and carbon accumulation after some types of disturbances. For temperate forests of North America, only three previous studies described biomass and carbon accumulation after wind disturbances, and those were limited by either coarse temporal resolution of the first several decades, or limited time span. Here, 25 years of aboveground biomass and carbon accumulation following severe wind disturbance of an old-growth hemlock-northern hardwoods forest of northwestern Pennsylvania are documented to characterize the temporal trends with fine temporal resolution and extend into the third decade post-disturbance. Mature undisturbed forest at the site supported roughly 296 Mg ha−1 live aboveground biomass and 148 Mg ha−1 of carbon. The disturbance reduced the aboveground woody biomass to ~7 Mg ha−1, and carbon to ~3.5 Mg ha−1. During regrowth, biomass and carbon accumulated slowly at first (e.g., 2–4 Mg ha−1 year−1 for biomass and 1–2 mg ha−1 year−1 for carbon), but at increasing rates up through approximately 17 years post-disturbance, after which accumulation slowed somewhat to roughly 3.4 Mg ha−1 year−1 of biomass and 1.7 Mg ha−1 year−1 of carbon. It appears that the rates reported here are similar to rates observed after wind disturbance of other temperate forests, but slower than accumulation in some tropical systems. Notably, in tropical forests, post-windthrow accumulation is often very rapid in the first decade followed by decreases, while in the results reported here, there was slow accumulation in the first several years that increased in the second decade and then subsequently slowed.
Influence of some parameters on the ability of Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria innocua, and Escherichia coli to form biofilms

Aim: The present study was conducted to evaluate the capacity of Listeria monocytogenes (L.m), Listeria innocua (L.i), and Escherichia coli to form biofilms on polystyrene support under different parameters by performing crystal violet (CV) staining technique. Materials and Methods: Different suspensions were prepared with single strains and with multiple combinations of strains including two serogroups of L.m (IIa and IIb), L.i, and E. coli strains at different microbial load. Selected strains and combinations were grown in biofilms for 6 days attached to polystyrene microplates under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions. The evaluation of the power of adhesion and biofilm formation was determined by CV staining followed by the measurement of optical density at 24 h, 72 h, and 6 days incubation time with and without renewal of the culture medium. Results: All the strains tested, presented more or less adhesion power depending on the variation of the studied parameters as well as the ability to form multispecies biofilms. Their development is more important by renewing the culture medium and increasing the initial load of bacteria. The ability to adhere and form biofilms differs from one serogroup to another within the same species. In bacterial combination, strains and species of bacteria adopt different behaviors. Conclusion: The ability to form biofilms is a key factor in the persistence of tested strains in the environment. Our study showed that L.m, L.i, and E. coli could adhere to polystyrene and form biofilms under different conditions. More researches are necessary to understand the mechanisms of biofilm formation and the influence of different parameters in their development.
High‐resolution depth measurements in digital microscopic surgery

Fully digital microscopes are becoming more and more common in surgical applications. In addition to high‐resolution stereoscopic images of the operating field, which can be transmitted over long distances or stored directly, these systems offer further potentials by supporting the surgical workflow based on their fully digital image processing chain. For example, the image display can be adapted to the respective surgical scenario by adaptive color reproduction optimization or image overlays with additional information, such as the tissue topology. Knowledge of this topology can be used for computer‐assisted or augmented‐reality‐guided microsurgical treatments and enables additional features such as spatially resolved spectral reconstruction of surface reflectance. In this work, a new method for high‐resolution depth measurements in digital microsurgical applications is proposed, which is based on the principle of laser triangulation. Part of this method is a sensor data fusion procedure to properly match the laser scanner and camera data. In this context, a strategy based on radial basis function interpolation techniques is presented to handle missing or corrupt data, which, due to the measuring principle, can occur on steep edges and through occlusion. The proposed method is used for the acquisition of high‐resolution depth profiles of various organic tissue samples, proving the feasibility of the proposed concept as a supporting technology in a digital microsurgical workflow.
Consumer Behavior in Online Transportation Services: A Systematic review of Business Strategies

Purpose: The reasons for the paper are: first, recognize the components of the online transportation Services with shopper conduct (utilizing, reusing, item returns); second, comprehend the connection between Services acknowledgment and purchaser conduct; third, for Research and improvement of client support system that considers this social reaction to arrange execution results. Design/methodology/approach: This paper depends on a precise survey of customer conduct and Services execution (particularly in the field of online transportation), which distributed in the International Journal from 2005 to 2017. Findings: The article shows that present writing on purchaser conduct centers around the utilizing of instruments for advertising to improve client support. There are not many examinations on the utilization of purchaser Services instruments to direct buyer conduct or to deal with the execution of corporate Services. The outcome is a system that incorporates the components of transportation Services and the relationship to shopper conduct. Originality/value: This article is a thorough audit of shopper conduct, thinking about all parts of Services execution from the point of view of business technique.
Slotless brushless permanent magnet machines: influence of design parameters

The airgap field distribution, back-EMF waveform, winding inductances, and iron loss are predicted analytically from a 2-D polar co-ordinate model of a slotless brushless permanent magnet machine. The influence of pole number, magnet pole-arc and thickness, and magnetisation on the operational performance is then investigated, and a guide to design optimisation is presented.