Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and polymerization of some iodine‐containing monomers for biomedical applications

Triiodophenol and iothalamic acid (5-acetamido-2,4,6-triio-N-methyl isophthalamic acid) were converted to their acrylic derivatives by esterfication with methacryloyl chloride and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), respectively. The monomers due to presence of heavy iodine atoms were expected to be radiopaque in nature. The monomers were characterized using TLC, IR, and 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. Both monomers were highly resistant to homopolymerization and copolymerization with other acrylic monomers such as methyl methacrylate (MMA) or HEMA by initiators such as 2,2'-azobis isobutyronitriie (AIBN) or benzoyl peroxide (BPO) yielding only polymers of low molecular weight. The polymers obtained were charactrized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The resistance to polymerization is presumably due to the presence of bulky iodine atoms in the monomers sterically hindering the propagation step. The decomposition temperatures of the homopolymers and copolymers were close to 300°. Copolymers of HEMA with both radiopaque monomers incorporated to the extent of 25 wt % in the feed, however, produced polymers with good radiopacity. Copolymers with HEMA were also prepared in the form of microspheres by a solvent evaporation method with the aim of using them as particles in therapeutic embolization. While the polymer based on triiodophenol was found to cause extensive blood haemolysis in in vitro tests, polymer based on iothalamic acid was found to be nonhemolytic in character suggesting that copolymers based on iothalamic acid would be suitable for implantation in the living tissue.
Exploring Gender Differences in Academic Motivation among Adolescents

The purpose of present study was to find the relationship between dimensions of Academic Motivation including Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation and A-motivation among adolescents as well as investigated the gender differences present among adolescents related to Academic Motivation. Convenient sampling was used for the selection of the research sample. The sample of this study consisted of (N=160) college students. The age of participants ranged from 16-20 years. Informed consent was taken from the participants before filling the questionnaires. The research protocols were administered to the participants along with verbal instructions. They included demographic sheet and Academic Motivation Scale (college version). The data from this method was tabulated to conclude the results of the research using SPSS software. Reliability analysis, Correlation, t test and manova were used to test hypotheses of the study. Data was statistically analyzed by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS23 V). The results show that Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Motivation are positively correlated with each other whereas A-motivation is negatively correlated with Intrinsic Motivation as well as with Extrinsic Motivation. Results further indicated that male adolescents have significantly low rates of Intrinsic Motivation as compared to female adolescents. Similarly, male adolescents are lower in Extrinsic Motivation as compared to female adolescents. Whereas male adolescents rate higher in A-motivation as compared to female adolescents. The results concluded that interaction among gender and education of the sample was significant on intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. When Gender and level of education are interacted, they significantly influence the rates of intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation.
Assessing the well-being Koreans and Korean Americans: psychometric validation study for a multidimensional assessment of well-being

Current measures of well-being have most commonly been developed to measure well-being in a manner consistent with how it is conceptualized in individualistic, Western cultures. The Multidimensional Well-Being Assessment (MWA) was developed based on the multidimensional contextual model of well-being and is intentionally culturally inclusive. A non-random sample of 259 Koreans and Korean Americans participated in a study to examine the psychometric properties of the MWA. In addition, a number of demographic variables (e.g., gender, age, immigration status, and financial status) were evaluated to explore correlates of well-being. The MWA demonstrated robust internal consistency as well as strong validity with multiple measures of well-being and distress. Significant group differences in multidimensional well-being were found on gender, age, and financial status. Methodological limitations are acknowledged, and implications for future study are discussed.
The Effects of Unresolved Scalar Fluctuations During Homogeneous Nucleation

The effects of the subgrid-scale (SGS) scalar interactions on nanoparticle nucleation are investigated via a priori analysis of direct numerical simulation data. The formation of dibutyl-phthalate (DBP) particles via homogeneous nucleation is simulated in a planar wake. Classical nucleation theory is used to model particle nucleation and the Navier-Stokes equations are coupled with the scalar transport equations to provide the fluid, thermal, and chemical fields. The data shows that particle nucleation is initially confined to the thin interfacial region or shear layers, where molecular diffusion is dominant. As the flow becomes turbulent nucleation increases significantly and the rate of particle formation increases by several orders of magnitude. To assess the effect of SGS scalar interactions on DBP particle nucleation, the temperature and mass-fractions are filtered and the resulting quantities are used to compute the nucleating particle field. Two filter widths are used to obtain varying levels of SGS interactions. Particle size distributions are computed to examine the particle fields produced. This work shows that the SGS interactions’ effect on nucleation has two distinct trends. In the proximal region of the wake, the unresolved interactions act to decrease particle formation. However, as the flow transitions or becomes turbulent the effect of the SGS interactions act to increase particle formation. Copyright 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research
Extracellular Resistance in Cell Adhesion Measured with a Transistor Probe

The electrical resistance in the narrow space between a cell and a solid substrate is unknown. It may differ from the resistance of the bulk electrolyte due to electrical interactions of the surfaces involved. Here we present an approach to measure the extracellular resistance in the region of adhesion using transistor recording. We studied the adhesion of erythrocytes which were attached with polylysine to oxidized silicon. The cell membrane followed the surface profile of the chip at a distance of 10 nm as measured by fluorescence interference contrast microscopy. Ac voltages of various frequencies were applied to the bath and the local voltage beneath a cell was recorded by a transistor. On the basis of a representative electrical circuit we determined a sheet resistance of 280 MΩ. Multiplication with the distance lead to a specific resistance of 280 Ω cm, far above the specific resistance 74 Ω cm of the bulk electrolyte.
Comparison of Absorption Kinetics of Ethanol and Butanol into Different Size Nanopores Present in Syndiotactic Polystyrene and Poly(P-Methylstyrene)

The absorption kinetics of ethanol and butanol isomers diffused into the pores of the crystal units of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) and syndiotactic poly(p-methylstyrene) (sPPMS) cast from m-xylene was investigated by infrared spectroscopy. The OH stretching mode of these alcohols absorbed in the pores of sPS and sPPMS was observed at 3592 cm−1, which does not correlate with the presence of hydrogen bonding. This finding indicates that the alcohol molecules are isolated from others in the small pores of the crystal units. The diffusion of ethanol into the pore of sPPMS was about ten times faster than that of sPS. The number of ethanol molecules included in the unit cell of the crystal was 3.9 and 7.6 for sPS and sPPMS at equilibrium. This corresponds to the incorporation of 1.9 and 3.8 ethanol molecules in one cavity in the crystal unit for sPS and sPPMS, respectively. Experiments probing the absorption of differently shaped butanol isomers showed that three of them were absorbed in the pores of both sPS and sPPMS, while tert-butanol was only absorbed by sPPMS. Apparently, only the pores of sPPMS are enough large to absorb tert-butanol. The diffusion coefficient of tert-butanol into the pore of sPPMS was about twenty-five times slower than that of n-butanol.
Rapid Detection and Quantification of Lanthanide Ions Using High-Speed Polymerase Chain Reactions

Recently, a novel approach to a highly sensitive and quantitative detection of rare earth element (REE) ions including La3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+, by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, has been reported. The detection of REE ions is based on the catalytic nature of REE ions targeting the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), thus monitoring of the ions can be achieved by reading the level of intact DNA by PCR. Despite of its high sensitivity (at ppb to ppt levels), the conventional PCR-based REE detection protocol requires certain length of time (1-2 hours). In the present study, we modified the PCR-based REE detection protocols by employing the high-speed PCR, and performed the automated and rapid detection of La3+ in small-sized aqueous samples within 5min.
Self-assembly of aniline oligomers and their induced polyaniline supra-molecular structures

Aniline chemical oxidative polymerisation (COP), which produces various polyaniline (PANI) and oligoaniline supra-molecular structures, can be regarded as an in situ self-assembly process. This review provides a brief introduction to recent work on the structural characters and self-assembly behaviours of oligomeric aniline chemical oxidation products; it is focused on the relationships between the oligomeric species and morphology of the final products such as PANI nanoparticles, nanofibres/rods, nanotubes or oligoaniline nanosheets, micro/nanospheres in aniline COP systems. Several mechanisms proposed as explanations for the formation of typical supra-molecular structures are discussed in order to illustrate the roles of aniline oligomers. This article concludes with our perspectives on future work remaining to be done to uncover the formation mechanism of supra-molecular structures constructed by aniline chemical oxidation products and their controllable synthesis.
Certifying the contents of trimethyllead in an artificial rainwater reference material

Certified Reference Materials are needed to verify the performance of analytical techniques used in lead speciation and for the quality control of trimethyllead determinations in environmental matrices. An interlaboratory programme has been conducted by the Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme to improve the state of the art of trimethyllead determination in urban dust and artificial rainwater. This paper describes the preparation of an artificial rainwater reference material containing trimethyllead, its homogeneity and stability studies and the analytical work performed for the tentative certification of the trimethyl- lead content at a level of ≈55 ng kg–1 (as trimethyllead). While the analytical results obtained by the certifying laboratories were considered to be suitable for certification, doubts on the long term stability of the material did not allow certification to be recommended.
About the Kinetics of Partial Wetting

Abstract The empirical equation cos θ a = cos θ 0 A - 2(1 + cos θ 0 A )( ηU σ ) 1/2 proposed in a previous paper and deduced for conditions of (forced) partial wetting is applied to (spontaneous) partial spreading. It appears that for high values of the capillary number (Ca > 0.01), the above equation is followed. For low Ca the operational equation needs to be altered with an adjustable parameter ξ, viz., cos θ a = cos θ 0 A - 2(1 + cos θ 0 A )ξ( ηU σ ) 1/2 .
Compressed gaseous xenon gamma-ray detector with high energy resolution

A high pressure xenon parallel plate ionization chamber was designed for measurements of cosmic gamma-ray lines. The 3 liter chamber was filled with 0.6 g/cu cm density of xenon, mixed with hydrogen for increasing the drift velocity of the electrons. The noise-subtracted energy resolution was 1.3 percent FWHM at energy 1 MeV. This chamber was installed on the space station 'MIR', currently in orbit and the measurements are being carried out. No energy resolution degradation has been observed for two years, despite the strong irradiation by the Brazil anomaly.
Social capital and management innovation : the case studies of two Chinese Private SMEs

China’s small and medium-sized private enterprises play a vital role in promoting economic growth, technological progress and social development. This thesis investigates the survival environment of China’s small and medium-sized enterprises, discusses their responses to various market risks and systemic obstacles and more deeply explores why they have become the main drivers of Chinese economic growth. Firstly, this thesis systematically reviews the development history and relevant research of China’s small and medium-sized enterprises. Secondly it reviews theory on small enterprises’ corporate governance, social capital theory and incentive theory. Thirdly, we analyze two cases of Chinese private enterprises with the purpose to illustrate emerging problems, devise possible solutions and seek clarification from the theories reviewed. The first case concerns an entrepreneurial company set up by Mr. and Mrs. Y, a couple who has worked and studied abroad. The company is engaged in the pavement construction of highways and in the sale of relevant road high-tech materials. The second case concerns a poultry and pig-breeding enterprise built by a peasant family. The main conclusion of this thesis is that private enterprises in China not only have to deal with risks caused by industry, but also have to face policy volatility and overcome financing difficulties through social capital and social networks. In national capital monopolized sectors, policy volatility will make it hard for private enterprises to survive and social capital will be faced with limitations. So private enterprises have a larger room for development in industries where state capital is less prevailing. The key reasons for the rapid development of private enterprises in China have been innovation spirit and management innovation. This is the main innovation method of the above-mentioned two enterprises.
Synthesis and characterization of some cobalt (II) complexes with amino acids having biological activities

DAN RUSU1, ANDREEA STANILA2, IULIU OVIDIU MARIAN3, CALIN OVIDIU MARIAN4, MARIANA RUSU3, ROXANA LUCACIU1* 1 Iuliu Haþieganu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 400023 Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Med. University, 400018 Cluj-Napoca, Romania 3 Babeo-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania 4 UT Southwestern Medical Center, Cell Biology Department, TX 75390 Dallas, USA
Modularization of 2- and 3-DoF Coupled Tendon-Driven Joints

This article proposes coupled tendon-driven joint modules for anthropomorphic robots. Fully actuated 2-degree-of-freedom (DoF) and 3-DoF joint modules are classified and analyzed based on the motor-joint routing matrix that describes the tendon routing structure between the motors and the joints. Two-motor 2-DoF (2M2D) modules, which share the same form of motor-joint routing matrix, are classified into four types: externally actuated, internally coaxially actuated, internally separately actuated, and hybrid-actuated according to the location of the motors. Three-motor 3-DoF (3M3D) modules are classified into four forms based on the four possible forms of motor-joint routing matrix: fully routed motor-joint, 1-unrouted motor-joint, 2-unrouted motor-joint, and 3-unrouted motor-joint. The 2M2D and 3M3D coupled tendon-driven joint modules are analyzed and compared with respect to the relationship between the motor torque and the joint torque. A 7-DoF anthropomorphic robot arm was implemented with one 3M3D module for the shoulder joint and two 2M2D modules for the elbow and wrist joints, respectively, to demonstrate the utility of the proposed joint modules. The arm weighed 2.2 kg and was able to lift a 1.5-kg load with full outreach. The characteristics of the joint modules were evaluated in a current consumption experiment and a position accuracy experiment, and the performance of the robot arm was evaluated in a master–slave manipulation experiment involving dexterous movements.
ALGINATE/PVA BEADS FOR LEVAN PRODUCTION BY ZYMOMONAS MOBILIS

The levan is a biopolymer of great importance to the food industry since it is capable of defining and modifying the structure of one food, acting as stabilizer, thickener, gelling agent and being largely responsible for the texture of processed foods. The levan production by bacterial cell immobilization may potentialize the results of these studies, having advantages such as: high cell concentrations inside the reactor, increase the substrate absorption rate, improve the performance and reduce the risk of microbial contamination. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the levan production by immobilized Zymomonas mobilis in hybrid system of alginate/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) when submitted to different sucrose concentrations (5, 10, 25 and 30%), pH (5.7 and 7.0) and incubation temperature of 30C for 12, 18 and 24 h. The results showed that the best levan production rate was 18.66 g/L at 30% sucrose concentration, with productivity 1.55 g/L/h at pH 7.0. Practical Applications The biopolymer called levan is a nontoxic, nonmutagenic, odorless, tasteless and soluble dietary fiber; it has physiological effects that depend on its size and linkage type, and its fermentability. It can be produced by bacterial fermentation like Zymomonas mobilis. The administration of levan in human diet (5.5–6 g, twice a day) for 2–3 months reduced body weight and body fat mass. The input of levan showed in some studies an increase of divalent cation (Zn, Mg and Fe) and calcium absorption in rats. In the food industry, levan improves the rheological properties and functional characteristics of dairy products, such as yogurt. Its application includes use as a stabilizer, emulsifier, surface agent, encapsulating agent and flavor and fragrances carrier.
PREPARATION OF ALGINATE NANOPARTICLES BY DESOLVATION TECHNIQUE USING ACETONE AS DESOLVATING AGENT

In order to see functionality and toxicity of nanoparticles in various food and drug applications, it is important to establish procedures to prepare nanoparticles of a controlled size. Desolvation, a thermodynamically driven self-assembly process for polymeric materials. In our study, acetone was added intermittently into 1% alginate solution under stirring at 700 rpm. Amount of acetone added, intermittent timeline of acetone addition, and pH of solution were considered as process parameters to be optimized. Effect of the process parameters on size of the nanoparticles were studied. The results indicated that the size control of alginate nanoparticle was achieved by adding acetone intermittently. The standard deviation of average size of alginate nanoparticles at each preparation condition was minimized by adding acetone intermittently. The intermittent addition in polymeric aqueous solution can be useful for size control for food or drug applications.
The Influences of Good Governance on Trust in Government: Case of Cambodia

Good governance is very important factor to build the citizens ‘trust in government to provide the public service in each country. The dimensions of good government are rule of law, transparency, responsiveness, participation, equity, effectiveness and efficiency, accountability, and Consensus Oriented in the exercise of political, economic and administrative authority (Punyaratabandhu, 2004). This paper is to illustrate examined some factors of good governance ( rule of law, transparency, accountability, responsiveness and equity and inclusiveness ) which influence on citizens’ trust for serving public sector in Cambodia. This paper is participated with 400 respondents who were citizens (service recipients) participated in this study. The correlations and regression methods were employed in the IBM SPSS v.20. The study employed both online and face to face survey by which the determinants were examined in SPSS. The questionnaires were focused on in Battambang province.The majority of responses of participants were indicated that the determinants have the result as the following; Pearson’s correlation is indicated rule of law, transparency, accountability, responsibility, and equity and inclusiveness has strong relationship with citizens’ trust. Whereas, linear regression show that all direct effect to citizens’ trust as the value H1 (b =-.343 with t =2.54 with sig. =.011), H2 (b = .310 with t =3.924 with sig. =.000), H3 (b = 2.26 with t =11.94 with sig. =.000), H4 (b = -2.18 with t =-12.80 with sig. =.000), H5 (b= .826 with t =12.33 with sig. =.000). Regarding to rule of significant, it is seen that all determinants are the strongly predicting predicted variable which is highest strongly positive influenced and linear regression the H1 (rule of law p-value=.011) is rejected. DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/10-11-08 Publication date: November 30 th 2020
Glass capillary gas chromatography of secondary amines in foods with flame photometric detection after derivatization with benzenesulfonyl chloride

A simple and selective gas chromatographic method was established for determining naturally occurring secondary amines. Secondary amines separated from foods by extraction with dichloro-methane and reextraction with hydrochloric acid were readily converted into the corresponding sulfonamides by reaction with benzenesulfonyl chloride under alkaline condition. Gas chromatography was carried out with a capillary coated with OV-101 and a flame photometric detector. Column temperature was programmed from 170 to 230°C at a rate of 5°C/min.The obtained sulfonamides were separated from one another within 40 min.Eleven secondary amines examined were added to 5 kinds of foods and recovered from them. The mean recovery rates were in the range 71.3% (dimethylamine)–99.8% (piperidine). The limits of detection varied from 0.002 ppm (dimethylamine) to 0.01 ppm (morpholine).
Investigating the Adsorption Process of Isoamyl Alcohol Vapor Onto Silica Gel with Near-infrared Process Analytical Technology

This paper demonstrates the application of near-infrared process analytical technology to investigate the kinetics as well as the interaction between adsorbate molecule and adsorbent surface during a gas–solid (isoamyl alcohol vapor-silica gel) adsorption process. The adsorption process took place in a differential adsorption bed, which was temperature- and mass-homogeneous, and was in-line monitored by a near-infrared spectrometer via an optical fiber probe. After pretreating near-infrared data with band selection and partial least squares, a calibration model of back propagation-artificial neural network has been constructed to quantitatively determine the amount of adsorbate onto the adsorbent surface at any time within the entire adsorption process, the prerequisite for studying adsorption kinetics. The interaction between adsorbate and adsorbent could be acquired from the near-infrared spectra of the adsorbent adsorbing the adsorbate continuously. What is perhaps more important, since the kinetics data and the information about interaction are synchronous, it is feasible to incorporate them together for understanding the adsorption process more thoroughly than any current method.