Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Texto & Contexto Enfermagem

Objective: to validate an educational booklet for use on mobile devices on breastfeeding for family caregivers of newborns and infants. Method: a methodological research conducted from August 2017 to November 2018. Six stages were used to construct the booklet: search for themes based on literature review; theoretical study of the themes; booklet development; booklet validation by expert judges; booklet validation by the target audience; adequacy of educational material. Validation by expert judges took place via email and by the target audience at a rooming-in of a municipal hospital in Rio das Ostras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Content Validity Index was used for validation. Results: the study obtained as a final result the construction and validation of an educational booklet entitled “Uncomplicating Breastfeeding”. The booklet was considered satisfactory, presenting an overall Content Validity Index among judges of 0.94 and among the target audience, of 0.98. However, all judges suggested improvements in the booklet, being considered and modified for the final version of the material, which will be made available on a link for mobile devices. Conclusion: the constructed educational booklet was validated for content and appearance by judges and the target audience, obtaining satisfactory indexes. It is an educational technology that can be used by health professionals and family caregivers of newborns and infants aiming at promoting breastfeeding and, consequently, reducing early weaning rates. DESCRIPTORS: Breast feeding. Nursing. Child health. Teaching materials. Mobile appilcations. Validation studies.
BIPM guidelines for GNSS calibration

The system of calibration procedures for GNSS equipment that has been in operation at the BIPM over the past many years is twofold: 1. For GPS C/A code-only receivers, since the 1980s, the procedure is based on differential calibration trips with a closure at a reference receiver in LNE-SYRTE (OP), i.e. the trip begins and ends by visiting OP. In this procedure, the traveling receiver is just a transfer system between the reference receiver and the receivers in the visited laboratories. Results for laboratory k are expressed as a correction to add to [UTC(k) – UTC(OP)]. The same kind of procedure is used since ~2009 for GLONASS C/A receivers, with another GPS/GLONASS receiver at OP acting as a reference. See http://www.bipm. org/jsp/en/TimeCalibrations.jsp in “Archive” under GPS C/A code or GLONASS C/A code. 2. For geodetic receivers providing GPS P3, since 2001, the procedure is based on the transfer of calibration from one reference receiver of the BIPM (sometimes called “golden receiver”) to receivers in the visited laboratories. The traveling “golden receiver” is itself the reference. The initial BIPM “golden receiver” had been absolutely calibrated in 2001 but, over the years, the status of traveling “golden receiver” was transferred to new BIPM receivers. The traveling receiver provides reference values of the (receiver+antenna) internal delays for the P1 and P2 code and results are expressed as (receiver+antenna) internal delays for the P1 and P2 code for all visited systems. See http://www.bipm. org/jsp/en/TimeCalibrations.jsp in “Archive” under GPS P3 code.
Assessment of heavy metal contamination of fish from a fish farm by bioconcentration and bioaccumulation factors

1 Laboratoire des Procédés Industriels de Synthèses de l’Environnement et des Energies Nouvelles (LAPISEN), Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny (INP-HB), BP 1093 Yamoussoukro, Côte d’Ivoire 2 Laboratoire des Sciences Physiques Fondamentales et Appliquées (LSPFA), 08 BP 10 Abidjan, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Côte d’Ivoire 3 Département Aquaculture, Centre de Recherches Océanologiques (CRO), BPV 18, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire 4 Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et de Physico – Chimie du Milieu (LTPCM), Université Nangui Abrogoua (UNA), Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire . Corresponding Author: sanouali2007@yahoo.fr
Dancing in the Dark: Profiling for Tiered Memory

With the DDR standard facing density challenges and the emergence of the non-volatile memory technologies such as Cross-Point, phase change, and fast FLASH media, compute and memory vendors are contending with a paradigm shift in the datacenter space. The decades-long status quo of designing servers with DRAM technology as an exclusive memory solution is likely coming to an end. Future systems will increasingly employ tiered memory architectures (TMAs) in which multiple memory technologies work together to satisfy applications’ ever-growing demands for more memory, less latency, and greater bandwidth. Exactly how to expose each memory type to software is an open question. Recent systems have focused on hardware caching to leverage faster DRAM memory while exposing slower non-volatile memory to OS-addressable space. The hardware approach that deals with the non-uniformity of TMA, however, requires complex changes to the processor and cannot use fast memory to increase the system’s overall memory capacity. Mapping an entire TMA as OS-visible memory alleviates the challenges of the hardware approach but pushes the burden of managing data placement in the TMA to the software layers. The software, however, does not see the memory accesses by default; in order to make informed memory-scheduling decisions, software must rely on hardware methods to gain visibility into the load/store address stream. The OS then uses this information to place data in the most suitable memory location. In this paper, we evaluate different methods of memory-access collection and propose a hybrid tiered-memory approach that offers comprehensive visibility into TMA.
Piezoresistive SXM sensors

The design, fabrication and evaluation of various microprobes for applications in scanning probe microscopy are presented. A piezoresistive cantilever with an integrated micro‐tip, as a basic structure, enables surface topography measurements with a resolution up to 0.1 nm. A conductive tip isolated from the cantilever was introduced for scanning capacitance microscopy and scanning electrostatic force microscopy. With this microprobe a capacitance between the micro‐tip and the surface in the range of 10−22F could be measured. Modification of the cantilever shape permits fabrication of the multipurpose systems for lateral force microscopy, which enables measurement of friction forces with a resolution of 1 nN. A femtocalorimeter for the detection of heat energy in the range of 50 nW Hz−0.5 was developed. A microbalance cantilever for ‘electronic nose’ applications makes it possible to determine picogram mass changes induced by chemical reactions in chemically sensitive coatings. A scanning near‐field thermal nanoprobe combines a thermal resolution of 10−3 K with a spatial resolution of 20 nm. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Standardized Viral Hemagglutination and Hemagglutination-Inhibition Tests

Standardized hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition procedures are described and statistically evaluated for all animal viruses where applicable, except for rubella and the arbovirus group. The standardized tests employ a constant phosphate-buffered saline diluent and constant volumes of serum, antigen, and standardized erythrocyte suspension. The standardized hemagglutination test has a reproducibility of 84 to 96% with adenoviruses, rubeola, and the myxoviruses, and 78 to 93% with reoviruses; the standardized hemagglutination-inhibition test has a reproducibility of 95 to 100% with all viruses tested.
Tracking U.S. Consumers in Real Time with a New Weekly Index of Retail Trade

We create a new weekly index of retail trade that accurately predicts the U.S. Census Bureau’s Monthly Retail Trade Survey (MRTS). The index’s weekly frequency provides an early snapshot of the MRTS and allows for a more granular analysis of the aggregate implications of policies implemented during the Covid-19 pandemic. To construct the index, we extract the co-movement in several weekly data series capturing credit & debit card transactions and revenues, mobility, and consumer sentiment as well as monthly retail and food services sales excluding automotive spending (ex. autos) from the MRTS. To ensure that the index remains representative of the sample of firms covered in the MRTS, we use a mixed-frequency dynamic factor model constrained to match the MRTS growth rate at a monthly frequency. We document several interesting features of U.S. retail sales during the pandemic, many of which are not visible in the MRTS. In addition, we show that our index would have more accurately predicted the MRTS in real time during the pandemic when compared to either the consensus forecasts available at the time or monthly autoregressive models. The gains are substantial, with approximately 70 to 85 percent reductions in mean absolute forecast errors.
Factors Influencing Lifestyle Modification Practice among Hypertensive Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in two Selected Eritrean Hospitals

Objective: Hypertension is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries requiring an urgent controlling strategies. Lifestyle modifications often called non-pharmacological strategies are considered the corner stone in the prevention and control of hypertension. The purpose of this study was to assess the practice of lifestyle modifications and its influencing factors among hypertensive patients in Halibet and Hazhaz Hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea. Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 360 hypertensive patients in Halibet and Hazhaz Hospitals of Asmara from February through May 2018. A non-probabilistic consecutive sampling was used to select study participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. A bivariate and multivariate analysis was done to determine independent predictors of lifestyle modifications among hypertensive patients. Adjusted odds ratio (at 95%CI) and p value < 0.05 was used to assert the independent effect of each variable on the outcome variable.
Quantitative evaluation of shunts in solar cells by lock‐in thermography

Infrared lock‐in thermography allows to image shunts very sensitively in all kinds of solar cells and also to measure dark currents flowing in certain regions of the cell quantitatively. After a summary of the physical basis of lock‐in thermography and its practical realization, four types of quantitative measurements are described: local I–V characteristics measured thermally up to a constant factor (LIVT); the quantitative measurement of the current through a local shunt; the evaluation of the influence of shunts on the efficiency of a cell as a function of the illumination intensity; and the mapping of the ideality factor n and the saturation current density J0 over the whole cell. The investigation of a typical multicrystalline solar cell shows that the shunts are predominantly responsible for deterioration of the low‐light‐level performance of the cell, and that variations of the injection current density related to crystal defects are predominantly determined by variation of J0 rather than of n. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supplementary material to "Eddy permitting simulations of freshwater injection from major
Northern Hemisphere outlets during the last deglacial"

Abstract. Freshwater, in the form of glacial runoff, is hypothesized to play a critical role in centennial to millennial scale climate variability such as the Younger Dryas and Dansgaard-Oeschger Events. Indeed, freshwater injection/hosing experiments with climate models have long shown that freshwater has the capability of generating such abrupt climate transitions. However, the relationship between freshwater and abrupt climate transitions is not straightforward. Large-scale glacial runoff events, such as Meltwater Pulse 1A, are not always temporally proximal to subsequent large-scale cooling. As well, the typical design of hosing experiments tends to artificially amplify the climate response. This study explores the impact that limitations in the representation of runoff in conventional hosing simulations has on our understanding of this relationship and addresses the more fundamental question of where coastally released freshwater is transported when it reaches the ocean. We focus particularly on the prior use of excessive freshwater volumes (often by a factor of 5) and present-day (rather than paleo) ocean gateways, as well as the injection of freshwater directly over sites of deep-water formation (DWF) rather than at runoff locations. We track the routing of glaciologically-constrained freshwater volumes from four different plausible injection locations in a suite of eddy-permitting glacial ocean simulations using MITGCM under both open and closed Bering Strait conditions. Restricting freshwater forcing values to realistic ranges results in less spreading of freshwater across the North Atlantic and indicates that the response of DWF depends strongly on the geographical location of meltwater input. In particular, freshwater released into the Gulf of Mexico has little impact on DWF regions as a result of turbulent mixing by the Gulf Stream. In contrast, freshwater released from the Eurasian Ice sheet or initially into the Arctic is found to have the largest impact on DWF in the North Atlantic and GIN seas. Additional experiments show that when the Bering Strait is open, much like present-day, the Mackenzie River source exhibits twice as much freshening of the Labrador sea as a closed Bering Strait. Finally, our results illustrate that applying a freshwater hosing directly into the North Atlantic with even realistic freshwater amounts still over-estimates the effect of terrestrial runoff on ocean circulation.
Care or self-care? The impact of informal care provision on health behaviour

This study examines the impact of informal care provision on carer’s health behaviour in England using data on men and women aged 40-69 from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) covering the period 2002-2017. I evaluate the validity of several instrumental variables for care provision suggested in the literature. I find little evidence of negative effects of informal care provision on health behaviour. The preferred instrumental variable specifications suggest that informal caregivers are more likely to exercise, and women providing care are less likely to smoke.
Educational Professionals’ Awareness, Identification, and Support of Young Carers: Implications for Policy

Although millions of young people help to take care of family members worldwide, there is limited awareness, identification, and support of young carers (YCs) in Canada. Given YCs spend most of their days at school, it is an ideal context to identify and support YCs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand whether educators were aware of YCs and their perceived role in identifying and supporting YCs within schools. Through an applied research design, eight teachers and three principals from Southern Ontario were interviewed. Results revealed multiple barriers in an educators’ awareness, and in their ability to identify and support YCs in their schools. Barriers included YC secrecy and inadequate school policies. Recommendations addressing educator mandates, proposing policy changes, and incorporating YCs’ cooperation were made.
IELAB for TREC Conversational Assistance Track (CAsT) 2020

This paper describes the work done by the IELAB for the TREC Conversational Assistance Track (CAsT) 2020. IELAB investigated two methods to improve both the retrieval and re-ranking stages of a conversational IR system. The ﬁrst method used an Adapted Query (AQ), which extracted context from the ﬁrst utterance only to expand all subsequent queries for a conversational session. The second method utilized a query likelihood model (QLM) which used a pre-trained deep language model to estimate the likelihood that a query could be generated by a document. Speciﬁcally, we used the text-to-text transfer transformer (T5) as a scoring functions for re-ranking passages.
Fooling Perception via Location: A Case of Region-of-Interest Attacks on Traffic Light Detection in Autonomous Driving

Abstract —The perception module is the key to the security of Autonomous Driving systems. It perceives the environment through sensors to help make safe and correct driving decisions on the road. The localization module is usually considered to be independent of the perception module. However, we discover that the correctness of perception output highly depends on localization due to the widely used Region-of-Interest design adopted in perception. Leveraging this insight, we propose an ROI attack and perform a case study in the trafﬁc light detection in Autonomous Driving systems. We evaluate the ROI attack on a production-grade Autonomous Driving system, named Baidu Apollo, under end-to-end simulation environments. We found our attack is able to make the victim a red light runner or cause denial-of-service with a 100% success rate.
IMPROVED RAY TRACING PERFORMANCE THROUGH TRI-ADAPTIVE SAMPLING

Ray tracing is a technique capable of rendering high quality images by tracing rays from the camera position into the scene and examining the points they intersect with. With the advent of NVIDIA RTX hardware, improving renderer design through greater algorithmic efficiency will allow for even greater real-time rendering capabilities. Naive implementations are simple to implement and cheap enough to run well on modern systems, but often have issues with aliased edges due to lower quantities of rays for scene sampling. Techniques such as super-sampling are capable of reducing or entirely eliminating aliasing, but carry a high­ performance cost due to additional ray requirements. Under-sampling is a technique that allows a single ray to determine the color of multiple pixels, allowing for high performance in regions of little variation. The combination of these techniques is collectively referred to as Adaptive Sampling. Our implementation of this algorithm operates by rendering the scene at a low resolution and then sampling the resulting image to determine if rays are necessary at higher resolutions. In this project, we implement a form of this multiple-resolution approach based upon a triangular grid overlaying the pixel grid. Results on RTX cards indicate a performance increase of 29-40% over the naive renderer, and a 1-4% increase over the traditional adaptive sampling algorithm, all while achieving little degradation in quality compared to the ground truth image.
Exploring Teachers’ Influence on Student Success in an Online Biology Course

Study sample The analysis focused on students in 2014/15–2017/18 who were taking biology for the first time, who enrolled in segment 1 of the two-segment online course, and who did not change teachers.1 The study sample included four years of data (2014/15–2017/18) to reduce random error in the teacher-level estimates and to balance out any exceptionally positive or exceptionally negative scores for a teacher that might be observed in a single year by random error. The study focused on first-time students in segment 1 because including only first-time students would make the results more generalizable to “typical” online students. This criterion excluded students who retook courses in order to earn a higher grade or to recover credit after failing the course.
Application of Thomson scattering to helicon

The possibility of performing electron density and temperature measurements in a high 9 power helicon plasma is a crucial issue in the framework of the AWAKE (Advanced 10 WAKefield Experiment) project, which demonstrates acceleration of particles using 11 GeV/m electric fields in plasmas. For AWAKE, a helicon is currently envisaged as a 12 candidate plasma source due to its capability for low electron and ion temperature, high 13 electron density, and production of an elongated plasma column. A plasma diagnostic 14 to accurately determine the electron density at AWAKE regimes would be a valuable 15 supporting tool. A demonstration Thomson Scattering (TS) diagnostic was installed and 16 successfully tested on the Resonant Antenna Ion Device (RAID) at the Swiss Plasma 17 Center of Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. RAID produces a helicon plasma 18 column with characteristics similar to that of the AWAKE helicon source, and is therefore 19 an optimal testbed for application to the AWAKE device. The spectrometer employed in 20 RAID is based on polychromators which collect the light scattered by plasma electrons in 21 spectrally filtered wavelength regions. Results from TS on RAID demonstrate conditions 22 of ne = 1.10 (±0.19)× 10 m−3 and Te = 2.3 (±0.6) eV in a steady state discharge in Ar 23 plasma with 5 kW of RF power. If the same polychromator system is used for AWAKE, 24 where the electron density attains 2× 10 m−3, the contribution to measurement error 25 due to coherent scattering is ∼ 2.5%. Presented here are details of the TS diagnostic 26 and the first tests in RAID, and the expectations for the system when employed on the 27 AWAKE device. 28
Spotify at TREC 2020: Genre-Aware Abstractive Podcast Summarization

This paper contains the description of our submissions to the summarization task of the Podcast Track in TREC (the Text REtrieval Conference) 2020. The goal of this challenge was to generate short, informative summaries that contain the key information present in a podcast episode using automatically generated transcripts of the podcast audio. Since podcasts vary with respect to their genre, topic, and granularity of information, we propose two summarization models that explicitly take genre and named entities into consideration in order to generate summaries appropriate to the style of the podcasts. Our models are abstractive, and supervised using creator-provided descriptions as ground truth summaries. The results of the submitted summaries show that our best model achieves an aggregate quality score of 1.58 in comparison to the creator descriptions and a baseline abstractive system which both score 1.49 (an improvement of 9%) as assessed by human evaluators.
Persistence of bioconvection‐induced mixed layers in a stratified lake

In situ observations of biophysical interactions in natural waters typically focus on physical mechanisms influencing biological activity. Yet, biological activity can also drive physical processes in aquatic environments. A community of photoautotrophic, motile and heavy bacteria—Chromatium okenii, which requires light, sulfide, and anoxic conditions to perform anoxygenic photosynthesis, accumulates below the chemocline of the meromictic Lake Cadagno (Switzerland). Upward vertical migration drives bioconvection, which modifies the physical environment of the bacteria‐populated water to create a deep and homogeneous mixed layer of up to 1 m thickness. Continuous convection within the mixed layer and diapycnal diffusivity from its adjacent stratified surroundings determine ecologically relevant gradients. The daytime vertical migration that induce convective instabilities is well‐established. It consists in bacteria swimming upward towards light and accumulating at the upper part of the anoxic layer, leading to a locally‐unstable density excess. However, nocturnal activity has not yet been analyzed. An intensive 48‐h survey was conducted in August 2018 using standard and microstructure profilers, as well as a moored high‐resolution current meter coupled with temperature and turbidity sensors deployed across the mixed layer depth. This survey revealed a persistent mixed layer also during nighttime hours. Using a mixed layer shape model, vertical velocity observations and turbulent dissipation estimates, we conclude that photoautotrophic bacteria continue their vertical migration at night. This nocturnal activity thereby drives “dark bioconvection” and maintains the subsurface mixed bacterial layer in Lake Cadagno throughout the diel cycle.