Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An empirical investigation of the prevalence of spyware in internet shareware and freeware distributions

Purpose – Spyware is a controversial software technology that allows the surreptitious collection of personal information from computers linked to the internet. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of spyware in internet shareware and freeware and to investigate the personal information collected.Design/methodology/approach – The methodology was a two‐phase, multi‐case study. The first phase determined that five of the 50 most popular pieces of Windows®‐based freeware and shareware available to internet users from CNETDownload.com were suspected of containing spyware: these were included as data sources for phase two. The purpose of phase two was to confirm the existence of spyware and to identify the types and frequencies of any personal data transmissions. For this phase, data were collected and analyzed utilizing a passive network monitor program to examine packets of data transmitted from a personal computer to external destinations on the internet.Findings – The findings confirme.
Ethical Standards in Sport and Exercise Science Research: 2016 Update

For publication in the International Journal of Sports Medicine (IJSM), studies involving human participants or animals must have been conducted in accordance with recognised ethical standards and national/international laws. At the very first submission stage, authors are required to confirm that these standards and laws have been adhered to by reading, and formally citing, this editorial within the methods section of their own manuscript. Authors who do not provide any information regarding ethical approval will have their manuscripts rejected before it enters the peer-review process, without any option to resubmit. In the 21st Century, research opportunities, approaches and environments are in a continual state of flux, and this is also the case for the associated ethical issues. In the original 2009 IJSM editorial [3], we described the ethical considerations embedded into national/international laws and provided specific guidance on the ethical issues which commonly arise in Sports Medicine research. In 2011, this information was updated to recognise the ethical principles of other professional associations and treaties when conducting research involving human participants [4]. Additional information was also provided on the use of Laboratory Animals in research, and on the links between sample size and research ethics. In the second update, published in 2014, we elaborated on the ethical issues relating to the investigation of doping agents; the use of animals for answering research questions that appear to be solely focussed on the enhancement of athletic performance; and sample size in the context of the burden to individual research participants. In this, our new update for 2016 onwards, we; A. Update some of the guidelines to account for the changes made to the Declaration of Helsinki in 2013. B. Cover the use of social media in research C. Provide guidance on how researchers can feed back their incidental and pertinent findings to research participants D. Cover some of the issues relating to studies involving children E. Outline the difference between a full and pilot study in terms of desired number of particpants. F. Describe good practice points on the storage of data
A classification and selection model of e-marketplaces for better alignment of supply chains

Purpose – To provide a contingent framework for the classification and selection of e‐marketplaces has been developed.Design/methodology/approach – The framework is developed from a review of relevant literature and examined through conducting case studies, two of which are reported in the paper.Findings – A number of e‐business classification models are proposed. The key model dimensions considered are the nature of the products/services to be traded, the ownership/formation of the marketplace and the level of functionality/relationships exhibited by the trading exchange. The strategic role of an e‐marketplace is also identified as being dynamic in nature over the product/market lifecycle and the ongoing development of information systems and technologies.Research limitations/implications – The paper considers the power, relationship and behavioural aspects associated with the formation of e‐marketplaces but this is not the specific focus of the work undertaken.Practical implications – The cases demonstr.
Cooperative innovation: a value chain approach

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to briefly review earlier contributions to partner/cooperative innovation with the aim of evaluating the application of the concept to the increasingly popular virtual/value chain business model.Design/methodology/approach – A number of example cases of partner/cooperative innovation are examined and, although these are limited in number, it would appear that a classification of types of partner/cooperative innovation is possible.Findings – Partner/cooperative innovation combines elements of process and product innovation management within a “network structure” to create a product‐service response that neither partner could create using its own resources. They extend in both directions of the supply chain (upstream and down stream) and include supplier relationship management such as that demonstrated between Dell and its myriad of suppliers, and examples of customer relationship management such as the relationship that Caterpillar has built with its distributor/serv.
Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index Could Reflect Plaque Burden in the Coronary Artery

Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) using the volume plethysmographic method is a noninvasive atherosclerotic indicator which is not influenced by blood pressure. Coronary intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a reliable technique to measure progression of atherosclerosis. The association between CAVI and IVUS has not been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between CAVI and the plaque burden measured by IVUS in the left main coronary artery (LMCA) in patients with coronary heart disease and normal LMCA. Cardio-ankle vascular index was significantly correlated with percentage plaque area (r = .649, P < .0001) measured by IVUS in the most diseased segment of LMCA. Cardio-ankle vascular index remained significant among cardiovascular disease risk factors included in the multiple regression analysis predicting percentage plaque area. Cardio-ankle vascular index was a good atherosclerotic indicator and associated with the plaque burden in nonculprit and angiographically normal LMCA.
The intellectual structure of the supply chain management discipline: A citation and social network analysis

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the way that the intellectual structure of the SCM discipline has been shaped over the last 20 years. The discipline is represented by the papers that are published in a network of ten leading academic journals in the field. As the SCM literature has grown, the analysis of the way that the characteristics of this network of journals have changed over time enables the identification of salient challenges facing SCM theory and practice for the new decade.Design/methodology/approach – A combination of social network and citation analyses among the selected journals is applied. Citations between and within journals are collected and analysed using social network analysis metrics, that assess the communication patterns between and among the journals, the cohesion of the network and the role that each of the journals has performed (and is acquiring) in the dissemination of knowledge.Findings – The analysis reveals that the current structure of the network of journals is char.
An analysis of methodologies utilised in e-government research: A user satisfaction perspective

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the research design, methodologies and approaches utilised in electronic government (e‐government) research studies published in the last decade (2000‐2012). Design/methodology/approach – A profiling approach is employed to analyse 114 (out of 3,934 from 2000 to 2012) e‐government publications (with specific focus on user satisfaction) including examining variables such as country of research, sample size, type(s) of respondents, data collection methods, and statistical tools and techniques employed.Findings – Among the research design, methodologies and approaches adopted in the extant e‐government research studies, the quantitative research based approach supported by statistical analysis was the most dominant approach applied by authors in the last decade. Few studies were found to use qualitative‐based approaches such as case studies and interviews.Originality/value – The prime value and uniqueness of this research lies in presenting the type of researc.
Consistency in Administration and Response for the Backward Push and Release Test: A Clinical Assessment of Postural Responses.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The backward push and release test (PRT) is a standardized clinical test of postural responses elicited by perturbations. Our goal was to determine reliability of administration and response. This will inform clinical administration and determine whether to develop an instrumented version. METHODS One examiner administered 10 backward PRT trials to adults with Parkinson disease (12), multiple sclerosis (14) and controls (12). We used three-dimensional motion analysis, force plates and instrumented gloves to measure administration and response. Administration variables were angle of posterior trunk lean and the distance of the centre of mass (CoM) behind the ankle. Postural response variables were latency of postural response from release to step initiation and first compensatory step length. Reliability was measured using the range of variables across trials, comparison of first and later trials, intraclass correlations (ICCs) to measure consistency and correlations between administration and response. RESULTS There was inherent variability in administration, which affected postural response characteristics. Larger trunk angle and greater CoM-ankle distance were correlated with shorter postural response latencies and larger step lengths. Participant height also had an effect; taller participants had larger trunk angles prior to release resulting in longer latencies and larger step lengths. Using ICCs, consistency of trunk angle was likely acceptable and CoM-ankle distance was high. Consistency of latency was low, while step length was likely acceptable. DISCUSSION Despite variability in administration and inconsistency in response, different postural response characteristics were detected between patients with different disease states. Based on these results, we will create algorithms to instrument the PRT using inertial movement sensors to collect more sensitive measures of postural responses than observational clinical rating scales. Feedback for appropriate lean angle and calibration for participant height will improve consistency and usefulness of the instrumented PRT. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Two Methods for Estimating Adjustable One‐Point Cane Length in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults

Background and Purpose. Our aim is to estimate inter‐observer reliability, test–retest reliability, anthropometric and biomechanical adequacy and minimal detectable change when measuring the length of single‐point adjustable canes in community‐dwelling older adults. Methods. There are 112 participants in the study. They are men and women, aged 60 years and over, who were attending an outpatient community health centre. An exploratory study design was used. Participants underwent two assessments within the same day by two independent observers and by the same observer at an interval of 15–45 days. Two measures were used to establish the length of a single‐point adjustable cane: the distance from the distal wrist crease to the floor (WF) and the distance from the top of the greater trochanter of the femur to the floor (TF). Each individual was fitted according to these two measures, and elbow flexion angle was measured. Results and Discussion. Inter‐observer reliability and the test–retest reliability were high in both TF (ICC3.1 = 0.918 and ICC2.1 = 0.935) and WF measures (ICC3.1 = 0.967 and ICC2.1 = 0.960). Only 1% of the individuals kept an elbow flexion angle within the standard recommendation of 30° ± 10° when the cane length was determined by the TF measure, and 30% of the participants when the cane was determined by the WF measure. The minimal detectable cane length change was 2.2 cm. Conclusion. Our results suggest that, even though both measures are reliable, cane length determined by WF distance is more appropriate to keep the elbow flexion angle within the standard recommendation. The minimal detectable change corresponds to approximately a hole in the cane adjustment.
Clinical Features of Early Myocardial Rupture of Acute Myocardial Infarction

We assessed the clinical features of patients with myocardial rupture within 48 to 72 hours, defined as early myocardial rupture, after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). Six patients (4 men, 66 ± 13 years) with early myocardial rupture were identified from 1252 consecutive patients undergoing PCI for STEMI. We evaluated the degree of microvascular reperfusion using thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) myocardial perfusion (TMP) grade and a resolution of sum of ST-segment elevation in a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Time from PCI to myocardial rupture was 11 ± 7 hours. All patients showed TMP grade 0 or 1 and an increase in sum of ST-segment elevation after PCI (1.9 ± 0.5 vs 2.5 ± 0.7 mV; P = .032), suggesting severely failed reperfusion at the level of microcirculation as the common feature to develop early myocardial rupture after PCI for STEMI.
Body Posture After Mastectomy: Comparison Between Immediate Breast Reconstruction Versus Mastectomy Alone

Background. Immediate breast reconstruction has been increasingly incorporated as part of breast cancer treatment, especially for the psychological benefits. Currently, there are many options for breast reconstruction surgery, but the impact of the different techniques on body posture has not been widely studied. One study demonstrated that immediate breast reconstruction with a Beker‐25 prosthesis could help to preserve body posture after mastectomy; however, there is no evidence regarding the effect of surgery on the body posture of women after breast reconstruction when using autologous tissue. Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to compare the body postures of women who underwent immediate breast reconstruction using an abdominal flap with those of women who underwent mastectomy alone. Design. This is a cross‐sectional study. Subjects. Seventy‐six women diagnosed with breast cancer underwent mastectomy, between 1 and 5 years after the diagnosis, are the participants of the study. Two groups were defined: women who underwent mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction (n = 38) and women who underwent mastectomy alone (n = 38). Procedure. To assess body posture, specific anatomical points for obtaining photographs were located and marked in anterior, posterior and right‐side and left‐side views. The photographs were analysed using Postural Analysis Software/Software de Análise Postural (PAS/SAPO). Results. In the left lateral view, there was a significant difference in the vertical alignment of the trunk (4.2 vs 3.1; p = 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups for the variables in the anterior, posterior or right‐side views. Conclusion. Women who underwent mastectomy alone, compared with women who underwent immediate breast reconstruction with abdominal flaps, showed differences in the vertical alignment of the trunk, with greater asymmetry between the acromion and greater trochanter, which can mean trunk rotation. No significant differences were found between the two groups in the alignment of the head, shoulders, scapula, or pelvis.
Early cycling test as a predictor of walking performance in stroke patients.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To assess the relative contribution and the predictive value of an early cycling test to walking performance three months after stroke. METHOD This follow-up study included subjects who were inpatients after afirst stroke (n=44). A cycling test was performed at the beginning of rehabilitation, followed by three-months' post-stroke evaluation of walking performance. The independent variables were the ability to cycle at constant rhythm of 50 rpm, without and with resistance, lower extremity motor strength and walking function, scored by the Scandinavian Stroke Scale. Dependent variables were gait velocity, distance and stair-climbing three months after stroke. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that rhythmic, constant cycling is the best predictor of walking velocity (r2 = 0.4), gait distance (r2 = 0.2) and number of stairs climbed (r2 = 0.26). Lower extremity motor strength and walking function had no additional separate contribution to the prediction of study outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The inability to cycle at a constant rhythm for one minute, two weeks after stroke is a more significant predictor than lower extremity motor strength or walking function of walking performance at three months post-stroke.
Lipid profile factors and apolipoprotein E polymorphism in Alzheimer’s disease

Evaluation of: Raygani LAV, Rahimi Z, Kharazi H, Tavilani H, Pourmotabbed T: Association between apolipoprotein E polymorphism and serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels with Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci. Lett. 408, 68–72 (2006). Apolipoprotein (Apo)E e4 allele is the genetic risk factor in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and it also has an important role in cholesterol transport. Some reports have suggested an interaction between serum cholesterol, ApoE genotype and AD. This article describes how ApoE polymorphism is associated with plasma lipid levels in 94 AD cases and 111 controls. ApoB, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol levels were significantly higher in AD cases compared with controls, whereas ApoA1 and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower in AD cases. Furthermore, the ApoE e4 allele affected the composition of plasma cholesterol. The recent studies of lipid profile factors, ApoE and AD will be discussed.
A recursive visual query language for XML data

– eXtensible Markup Language (XML) data are data which are not necessarily constrained by a schema, XML is fast emerging as a standard for data representation and exchange on the world wide web, the ability to intelligently query XML data becomes increasingly important. Some XML graphical query languages for XML data have been proposed but they are either too complex or too limited in the power of expression and in their use. The purpose of this paper is to propose a recursive graphical query language for querying and restructuring XML data (RGQLX). The expressive power of RGQLX is comparable to Fixpoint. RGQLX language is a multi‐sorted graphical language integrating grouping, aggregate functions, nested queries and recursion. , – The methodology emphasizes on RGQLX's development which is base of G‐XML data model syntax to express a wide variety of XML queries, ranging from simple selection, to expressive data transformations involving grouping, aggregation and sorting. RGQLX allows users to express recursive visual queries in an elegant manner. RGQLX has an operational semantics based on the annotated XML, which serves to express queries and data trees in form of XML. The paper presents an algorithm to achieve the matching between data and query trees after translating a query tree into annotated XML. , – Developed and demonstrated were: a G‐XML model; recursive queries; annotated XML for the semantic operations and a matching algorithm. , – The future research work on RGQLX language will be expanding it to include recursive aggregations. , – The algorithms/approaches proposed can be easily integrated in any commercial product to enhance the performance of XML query languages. , – The proposed work integrates various novel techniques for XML query syntax/semantic into a single language with a suitable matching algorithm. The power of this proposal is in the class of Fixpoint queries.
Solubilization and characterization of the anthrax toxin pore in detergent micelles

Proteolytically activated Protective Antigen (PA) moiety of anthrax toxin self‐associates to form a heptameric ring‐shaped oligomer (the prepore). Acidic pH within the endosome converts the prepore to a pore that serves as a passageway for the toxin's enzymatic moieties to cross the endosomal membrane. Prepore is stable in solution under mildly basic conditions, and lowering the pH promotes a conformational transition to an insoluble pore‐like state. N‐tetradecylphosphocholine (FOS14) was the only detergent among 110 tested that prevented aggregation without dissociating the multimer into its constituent subunits. FOS14 maintained the heptamers as monodisperse, insertion‐competent 440‐kDa particles, which formed channels in planar phospholipid bilayers with the same unitary conductance and ability to translocate a model substrate protein as channels formed in the absence of detergent. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis detected pore‐like conformational changes within PA on solubilization with FOS14, and electron micrograph images of FOS14‐solubilized pore showed an extended, mushroom‐shaped structure. Circular dichroïsm measurements revealed an increase in α helix and a decrease in β structure in pore formation. Spectral changes caused by a deletion mutation support the hypothesis that the 2β2‐2β3 loop transforms into the transmembrane segment of the β‐barrel stem of the pore. Changes caused by selected point mutations indicate that the transition to α structure is dependent on residues of the luminal 2β11‐2β12 loop that are known to affect pore formation. Stabilizing the PA pore in solution with FOS14 may facilitate further structural analysis and a more detailed understanding of the folding pathway by which the pore is formed.
α‐Tocopherol counteracts ritonavir‐induced proinflammatory cytokines expression in differentiated THP‐1 cells

Treatment of HIV‐infected individuals with HIV protease inhibitor (HPI) drugs has significantly increased their life span. However, one of the side effects of HPI drugs is the development of premature atherosclerosis, whose molecular pathogenesis remains unclear. Previously we have reported that α‐tocopherol (α‐T) normalizes CD36 overexpression induced by ritonavir treatment and reduces oxLDL uptake in THP‐1 cells. Since inflammation is a major player in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, we hypothesized that HPI drugs, such as ritonavir, increase proinflammatory cytokines synthesis and that α‐T supplementation counteracts this effect by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines levels. Here, we report that after differentiating THP‐1 cells to macrophages, ritonavir treatment (10 μg/mL) significantly increases expression of proinflammatory cytokines, IL‐6, MCP‐1 and IL‐8, at both mRNA and protein levels. This ritonavir‐induced effect is significantly suppressed by treatment of THP‐1/macrophages with 50 μM α‐T. We conclude that ritonavir can induce proinflammatory cytokines synthesis in THP‐1/macrophages, which might be associated with the development of premature atherosclerosis in ritonavir‐treated patients and that this effect is prevented by α‐T.