Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classically Restricted Human CD8+ T Lymphocytes Derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Cells: Definition of Antigenic Specificity1

Previous studies in murine and human models have suggested an important role for HLA Ia-restricted CD8+ T cells in host defense to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Therefore, understanding the Ags presented via HLA-Ia will be important in understanding the host response to Mtb and in rational vaccine design. We have used monocyte-derived dendritic cells in a limiting dilution analysis to generate Mtb-specific CD8+ T cells. Two HLA-Ia-restricted CD8+ T cell clones derived by this method were selected for detailed analysis. One was HLA-B44 restricted, and the other was HLA-B14 restricted. Both were found to react with Mtb-infected, but not bacillus Calmette-Guérin-infected, targets. For both these clones, the Ag was identified as culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP10)/Mtb11, a 10.8-kDa protein not expressed by bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Both clones were inhibited by the anti-class I Ab and anti-HLA-B,C Abs. Using a panel of CFP10/Mtb11-derived 15-aa peptides overlapping by 11 aa, the region containing the epitopes for both clones has been defined. Minimal 10-aa epitopes were defined for both clones. CD8+ effector cells specific for these two epitopes are present at high frequency in the circulating pool. Moreover, the CD8+ T cell response to CFP10/Mtb11 can be largely accounted for by the two epitopes defined herein, suggesting that this is the immunodominant response for this purified protein derivative-positive donor. This study represents the first time CD8+ T cells generated against Mtb-infected APC have been used to elucidate an Mtb-specific CD8+ T cell Ag.
Alicyclobacillus pomorum sp. nov., a novel thermo-acidophilic, endospore-forming bacterium that does not possess omega-alicyclic fatty acids, and emended description of the genus Alicyclobacillus.

A thermo-acidophilic endospore-forming bacterium was isolated from a mixed fruit juice. The organism, strain 3A(T), was rod-shaped, grew aerobically at 30-60 degrees C (optimum 45-50 degrees C), pH 3.0-6.0 (optimum pH 4.0-4.5) and produced acid from various sugars. It contained menaquinone-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone. The G+C content of the DNA was 53.1 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acids of the strain were iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0), iso-C(17 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0), but omega-alicyclic fatty acids, which are characteristic of the genus Alicyclobacillus, were not found in the strain. Phylogenetic analyses based on both 16S rRNA and gyrB (DNA gyrase B subunit gene) gene sequences showed that strain 3A(T) falls into the Alicyclobacillus cluster, validated by significant bootstrap values. However, strain 3A(T) did not show a close relationship to the other species of the cluster. The level of 16S rDNA similarity between strain 3A(T) and other strains of the cluster was between 92.5 and 95.5 %. The level of gyrB sequence similarity between strain 3A(T) and other strains of the cluster was between 68.5 and 74.4 %. DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 3A(T) and phylogenetically related strains of the genera Alicyclobacillus, Bacillus and Sulfobacillus were under 13 %, indicating that strain 3A(T) represents a distinct species. On the basis of these results, strain 3A(T) should be classified as a novel Alicyclobacillus species. The name Alicyclobacillus pomorum is proposed for this organism. The type strain of Alicyclobacillus pomorum is strain 3A(T) (=DSM 14955(T)=IAM 14988(T)).
Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) has been used in oncologic practice since the late 1960s. It held promise as a powerful drug in the fight against cancer. The tumors most commonly responding to doxorubicin when it is given as a single agent or in combination with other antitumor agents include breast and esophageal carcinomas; osteosarcoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and soft-tissue sarcomas; and Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Other cancers that are less responsive to doxorubicin but that are still treated with the drug because of its overall benefits include gastric, liver, bile-duct, pancreatic, and endometrial carcinomas. However, reports of fatal cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin have .
Proposal to Introduce Adjustment Disorder With Disturbed Sexual Functioning Into the Revised Classifications of DSM and ICD

This article presents a proposal for a new diagnostic concept of adjustment disorder with disturbed sexual functioning. This concept would allow one to confer a diagnosis on sexual dysfunctions in response to an identifiable stressor within 1 or 3 months. The disturbance would have to be clinically significant as evidenced by either distress in excess of what one would expect from the exposure, or by significant impairment in social, occupational or interpersonal functioning. The disturbance would not meet the criteria for another axis I disorder and would not be merely an exacerbation of a pre-existing axis I disorder. Finally, the disturbance should not persist for more than an additional 6 months once the stressor or its consequences have terminated.
Study of Hypertension in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats by Sequencing the Genomic DNA of Alpha 2B Receptors

Introduction: The origin of hypertension in the genetic model of spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) is still unknown. Since the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays an important role in this experimental model, we attempted to explore the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of this hypertension by focusing on potential mutations of the alpha2B receptors of the SNS. Materials and Methods: We studied the nucleotide sequencing of genomic DNA from 8 rats, 4 SHR, 2 Wistar-Kyoto, 1 Dahl-S and 1 Dahl-R and compared the results with the published sequencing of alpha2B adrenergic receptors in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), as well as against each other. Results: There were no important differences between all the above rats in the 6,268 nucleotides of the alpha2B receptor. Conclusion: Our data suggest that, although the alpha2B adrenergic receptor has a crucial role in the development of hypertension, the genetic susceptibility or resistance of various rat strains to hypertension cannot be attributed to genetic polymorphisms in this receptor’s gene.
Scalable Community Detection through Content and Link Analysis in Social Networks

Social network analysis is an important problem that has been attracting a great deal of attention in recent years. Such networks provide users many different applications and features; as a result, they have been mentioned as the most important event of recent decades. Using features that are available in the social networks, first discovering a complete and comprehensive communication should be done. Many methods have been proposed to explore the community, which are community detections through link analysis and nodes content. Most of the research exploring the social communication network only focuses on the one method, while attention to only one of the methods would be a confusion and incomplete exploration. Community detections is generally associated with graph clustering, most clustering methods rely on analyzing links, and no attention to regarding the content that improves the clustering quality. In this paper, a novel algorithm for community selection is proposed. Scalable community detections, an integral algorithm is proposed to cluster graphs according to link structure and nodes content, and it aims finding clusters in the groups with similar features. To implement the Integral Algorithm, first a graph is weighted by the algorithm according to the node content, and then network graph is analyzed using Markov Clustering Algorithm, in other word, strong relationships are distinguished from weak ones. Markov Clustering Algorithm is proposed as a Multi-Level one to be scalable. Finally, we validate this approach through a variety of data sets, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated.
The amount of information that y gives about X

No single measure M(X;y) of the amount of information that a specific value y of a random variable Y gives about another random variable X has all of the desirable properties possessed by Shannon's measure I(X;Y) = E\{M(X;y)\} of the average mutual information of X and Y . It is shown that one of these properties (additivity) determines one particular form for M(X;y) , while others (non-negativity or coordinate independance) determine a different form. The latter, which is the more useful and accepted information measure, is thus seen to be unique.
Stochastic modelling and simulation approaches to analysing enhanced fault tolerance on service‐based software systems

Presently, service‐based software systems (SBSSs) have been heavily deployed to fulfil the functionalities of cloud computing and are widely used in many other application fields. Additionally, maintaining functionality and quality of service levels becomes increasingly important for SBSSs; this is because system operational failures may cause great financial loss to an organization. Fault tolerance (FT) is usually used to provide continuous and reliable system service delivery when failures occur. However, the reliability and performance of FT should be carefully analysed because of the overhead of invoking redundant services. It is also noted that the single point of failure on the FT adjudicators as well as the failure correlation also hamper the benefits of FT in SBSSs. To address these problems, this paper proposes two approaches, the stochastic modelling approach and the simulation approach, for analysing the reliability and performance of generalized FT designs. The first approach is suitable for quick analysis at an early design stage, while the second approach is built on top of the ns‐3 simulator and could be well adapted to incorporate varied uncertainty models in the SBSS environments Extensive experiments and analyses uncover some characteristics that could be useful for SBSS engineers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CYTOPROTECTIVE ROLE OF HSP 70 IN PREECLAMPTIC TROPHOBLAST AND ITS ROLE IN PROGRAMMING OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Preeclampsia is a common pregnancy specific syndrome that is more often associated with trophoblast dysfunction during the first trimester of pregnancy. Trophoblast plays a central role in determining fetal growth and the development of pregnancy complications as wells as in programming of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in the developing fetus. Infection specific inflammation is a primary mediator of trophoblast complication. The role of U. urealyticum in altering Preeclamptic trophoblast complications are largely overlooked under such condition. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a molecular chaperone playing significant role in control of preeclamptic progression and protection of the developing fetus. c-jun N terminal Kinase (JNK) is a signaling molecule having potential role in apoptosis regulation. During preeclampsia and infection there is an altered balance between proliferation and apoptosis of villous trophoblast. There was a significant decrease in the trophoblast, endothelial cell viability in U. urealyticum infected preeclamptic (p<0.001), uninfected preeclamptic (p<0.05) cells when compared to normotensive trophoblast and endothelial cell. The changes in the expression of apoptosis regulating signal JNK in response to cytoprotective HSP70 level in the 3 study groups revealed the anti-apoptotic role of HSP70 in restoring trophoblast turnover during conditions of preeclampsia and U. urealyticum infection. The study result emphasizes the importance of HSP70 analysis under conditions of preeclamptic U. urealyticum infection. _____________________________________________________
Sea Hare Aplysia punctata (Mollusca: Gastropoda) Can Maintain Shell Calcification under Extreme Ocean Acidification

Ocean acidification is expected to cause energetic constraints upon marine calcifying organisms such as molluscs and echinoderms, because of the increased costs of building or maintaining shell material in lower pH. We examined metabolic rate, shell morphometry, and calcification in the sea hare Aplysia punctata under short-term exposure (19 days) to an extreme ocean acidification scenario (pH 7.3, ∼2800 μatm pCO2), along with a group held in control conditions (pH 8.1, ∼344 μatm pCO2). This gastropod and its congeners are broadly distributed and locally abundant grazers, and have an internal shell that protects the internal organs. Specimens were examined for metabolic rate via closed-chamber respirometry, followed by removal and examination of the shell under confocal microscopy. Staining using calcein determined the amount of new calcification that occurred over 6 days at the end of the acclimation period. The width of new, pre-calcified shell on the distal shell margin was also quantified as a proxy for overall shell growth. Aplysia punctata showed a 30% reduction in metabolic rate under low pH, but calcification was not affected. This species is apparently able to maintain calcification rate even under extreme low pH, and even when under the energetic constraints of lower metabolism. This finding adds to the evidence that calcification is a largely autonomous process of crystallization that occurs as long as suitable haeomocoel conditions are preserved. There was, however, evidence that the accretion of new, noncalcified shell material may have been reduced, which would lead to overall reduced shell growth under longer-term exposures to low pH independent of calcification. Our findings highlight that the chief impact of ocean acidification upon the ability of marine invertebrates to maintain their shell under low pH may be energetic constraints that hinder growth of supporting structure, rather than maintenance of calcification.
Determinants of Task Performance and Invested Effort: A Need for Closure by Relative Cognitive Capacity Interaction Analysis

This study examines the simultaneous effects of need for closure (NFC) and relative cognitive capacity on invested effort and task performance within the integrative analysis framework using behavioral data. Two main results were obtained. First, the authors revealed a significant interaction effect between relative cognitive capacity (manipulated through task difficulty) and NFC (manipulated through time pressure, noise, and fear of invalidity as well as assessed by an individual differences measure) on effort investment. Second, contrary to dispositional NFC, manipulations yielded a “dual effect” because they negatively affected task performance as well as invested effort. The latter result was interpreted as an indication that noise and time pressure manipulations also tax cognitive resources. The two main findings are discussed and the authors go further into the divergences between dispositional and manipulated NFC.
Smoking desistance and personality change in emerging and young adulthood.

INTRODUCTION We attempted to replicate and extend (Welch, P., & Poulton, R. [2009]. Personality influences on change in smoking behavior. Health Psychology, 28, 292-299. doi:10.1037/a0013471) findings regarding the relationship between smoking involvement and personality change. METHODS Two time frames (18-25, 18-35) in a cohort of college students (N = 489 at baseline) followed for 17 years were used. Impulsivity, neuroticism, and 4 measures of smoking involvement were assessed at each time point. RESULTS Individuals who desisted in smoking involvement tended to exhibit the largest decreases in neuroticism and impulsivity from ages 18 to 25. From ages 18 to 35, changes in smoking involvement were only significantly associated with changes in impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS These findings add to the literature demonstrating decreasing neuroticism, and impulsivity correlates with decreased substance involvement during emerging adulthood.
Serum Procalcitonin, Adenosine Deaminase and its Isoenzymes in the Aetiological Diagnosis of Pneumonia in Children

A prospective study was undertaken to assess the usefulness of leukocyte count, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and the activities of total adenosine deaminase (tADA) and its isoenzymes ADA1 and ADA2, in the aetiological diagnosis of pneumonia in children. The study included three groups. Group A consisted of 23 children with bacterial pneumonia, group B50 children with viral and mycoplasmal pneumonia and group C46 healthy children. On the first day of admission in the clinic, blood samples were collected before the start of antimicrobial treatment, for culture, serological tests, leukocyte count and for the determination of CRP and PCT levels, as well as tADA activity and its isoenzymes ADA1 and ADA2. According to our results, the mean leukocyte count and the mean concentrations of PCT and CRP were significantly higher in the children of group A than those in groups B and C. The admission serum PCT concentration has a higher sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value for bacterial pneumonia than either CRP or the leukocyte count. The mean serum tADA, ADA1 and ADA2 activity in children of group A was not significantly different from those in group C, while the difference between groups B and C was statistically significant. In conclusion, we found that CRP is a good marker for screening various infectious diseases, but it cannot be used to distinguish between bacterial and viral infections. Serum PCT measurement might be a useful tool for the physician for the aetiological diagnosis of pneumonia in children. Measurements of serum tADA and ADA2 activity may provide useful additional diagnostic information on the aetiology of pneumonia so that appropriate antibiotic therapy can be given promptly. Further studies with larger patients groups are required to confirm our results.
Symbiotic Relationship of Thiothrix spp. with an Echinoderm

ABSTRACT Immunoassay procedures were used to investigate the symbiotic relationship of Thiothrix spp. in the intestinal cecum of the spatangoid species Echinocardium cordatum. Thiothrixspp. were identified in nodule samples from E. cordatum digestive tubes based on microscopic examination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and indirect immunofluorescence.Thiothrix spp. protein made up as much as 84% of the total protein content of the nodules. This is the first identification ofThiothrix spp. internally symbiotic with marine invertebrates.
Implementation of microimage analysis system

The microimage analysis system described in this article is designed to detect a particular shape using Hough transform algorithm. The proposed microimage analysis system is developed by Simulink simulation process. The architecture of microimage enhance processing based on Laplace filtering is verified and simulated with Cadence design tools. The image enhancement system is also demonstrated on the Cyclone II FPGA device.
Distributed Resource Allocation for Cognitive Radio Networks: Sub-Carrier Power and Bandwidth Sizing

This paper addresses distributed sub-carrier bandwidth sizing and power allocation for the Secondary Users (SUs) in a Cognitive Radio (CR) network. The system entails an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based multi-user environment which deploys overlay spectrum sharing by the Primary Users (PUs) and SUs, and Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) for the SUs. The objective of the formulated problem is maximizing each SUs throughput within a node power budget, interference threshold on the PU band, consideration of the interference caused to the neighboring SUs, as well as the coherence bandwidth of each SU. Motivated by the nonconvex structure of the problem and the need to execute the resource allocation in a distributed manner, we propose a sub-optimum algorithm to achieve the objective within the specified constraints. Simulation results highlight the contribution of the proposed distributed resource allocation algorithm and demonstrate its effectiveness.
Functional residual capacity measurements in healthy infants: ultrasonic flow meter versus a mass spectrometer

Accurate, reproducible and portable bedside monitoring of lung volume could potentially facilitate the early recognition of both under and overinflation of the lungs in ventilated and nonventilated subjects. This study asked whether a prototype portable ultrasonic flow meter provided valid and reliable measurements of functional residual capacity (FRCUS) when compared to those obtained using a mass spectrometer (FRCMS) in nonventilated healthy infants. Paired, randomised measurements of FRCMS and FRCUS were obtained using the sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) multiple-breath washout technique in 23 healthy infants with a median (range) postnatal age of 34.6 (1.3–92.6) weeks and weight of 8.3 (3.9–11.7) kg. FRCUS was on average 5.7% (95% CI: 1.0–10.4%) less than FRCMS equating to a difference of approximately 1 mL·kg−1. The 95% limits of agreement (LA) between the two techniques were relatively wide (95% LA: −17.5% to 29%), although in keeping with previously reported within-patient variability for lung volume measurements. There was no significant difference between the within subject coefficient of variation for FRCMS (3.7%) and FRCUS (5.2%). The ultrasonic flow meter used in this study provides repeatable measurements of functional residual capacity in spontaneously breathing healthy infants that approximate those obtained during mass spectrometry.
Vector space model embedding for recomender system neural networks

Research shows that recommendation algorithms such as Collaborative Filtering (CF) can be enhanced using neural network (NN) to make more accurate recommendations. This project proposes an adaptive recommendation model based on NN to quickly access different items. A vector space embedding method is used to vectorize users and items before a Deep Neural Network (DNN) rating prediction network model is used to predict users' rating behavior. Multi-domain datasets are utilized in experiments to evaluate results and compared our method with traditional recommendation algorithms. Results show that the improved NN based recommendation model is more effective and achieves a higher score in both similarity calculation and predication.
Visual Clutter Reduction through Hierarchy-based Projection of High-dimensional Labeled Data

Visualizing high-dimensional labeled data on a two-dimensional plane can quickly result in visual clutter and information overload. To address this problem, the data usually needs to be structured, so that only parts of it are displayed at a time. We present a hierarchy-based approach that projects labeled data on different levels of detail on a two-dimensional plane, whilst keeping the user's cognitive load between the level changes as low as possible. The approach consists of three steps: First, the data is hierarchically clustered; second, the user can determine levels of detail; third, the levels of detail are visualized one at a time on a two-dimensional plane. Animations make transitions between the levels of detail traceable, while the exploration on each level is supported by several interaction techniques. We demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of the approach with use cases from the patent domain and a question-and-answer website.
Communication-e � cient Distributed Sparse Linear Discriminant Analysis

We propose a communication-e cient distributed estimation method for sparse linear discriminant analysis (LDA) in the high dimensional regime. Our method distributes the data of size N into m machines, and estimates a local sparse LDA estimator on each machine using the data subset of size N/m. After the distributed estimation, our method aggregates the debiased local estimators from m machines, and sparsifies the aggregated estimator. We show that the aggregated estimator attains the same statistical rate as the centralized estimation method, as long as the number of machines m is chosen appropriately. Moreover, we prove that our method can attain the model selection consistency under a milder condition than the centralized method. Experiments on both synthetic and real datasets corroborate our theory.