Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Denoising of electrical derivative data of semiconductor lasers based on nonlinear diffusion equation

The method of screening semiconductor lasers by using electrical derivative technique is described in detail. The nonlinear diffusion equation is applied to denoising of electrical derivative data according to its denoising theory in signal processing. The denoising experiments of electrical derivative data for several dozens semiconductor lasers indicate that the denoising method can effectively reduce the noise in electrical derivative data and the errors of the measured parameters. The farther experiments indicate that the accurate estimate ratio of the devices can be effectively increased by using the measured parameters which have been denoised, to estimate the quality and reliability of semiconductor lasers.
A novel FPGA-programmable switch matrix interconnection element in quantum-dot cellular automata

The Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a novel nanotechnology, promising extra low-power, extremely dense and very high-speed structure for the construction of logical circuits at a nanoscale. In this paper, initially previous works on QCA-based FPGA’s routing elements are investigated, and then an efficient, symmetric and reliable QCA programmable switch matrix (PSM) interconnection element is introduced. This element has a simple structure and offers a complete routing capability. It is implemented using a bottom-up design approach that starts from a dense and high-speed 2:1 multiplexer and utilise it to build the target PSM interconnection element. In this study, simulations of the proposed circuits are carried out using QCAdesigner, a layout and simulation tool for QCA circuits. The results demonstrate high efficiency of the proposed designs in QCA-based FPGA routing.
AN E-TUTOR TOOL FOR GRAMMATICAL ERROR CORRECTION

Intelligent language learning tools have evolved into an inevitable aid for ESL/EFL (English as second or foreign language) learners to improve their linguistic skills. By functioning as a machine translation task, automatic grammatical error correction (GEC) has made significant progress with the help of deep neural networks, but its accuracy and coverage rates on different error types have not been fully satisfactory in practice. This paper designs an e-Tutor tool for GEC to help ESL/EFL learners automatically inspect and correct their grammatical errors in writing. One of the core research tasks in GEC is how to improve its generalizability while dealing with more complex error types. In the paper, we propose a novel data augmentation method to add artificial noise to native English corpora during training a neural translation model for GEC. To improve the output quality of GEC, we also design a re-editing module, which mainly consists of a statistical language model, along with a grammatical error detection classifier, in validating each sentence generated by GEC. Experiment results on GEC show that our e-Tutor tool can achieve state-of-the-art performance on the CoNLL-2014 dataset.
Oboe: a precision ground-controlled blind-bombing system

The system of ground-controlled blind-bombing used by the Pathfinder Force of Bomber Command of the Royal Air Force since December 1942, and later by the United States IXth Air Force, is described in detail.The system enables an aircraft flying at a height of 30,000 ft to be controlled from pulse ground stations up to a range of nearly 300 miles, and to drop its bombs with great accuracy.Trials undertaken on bombing ranges in this country show that for an aircraft flying at 300 m.p.h. at a range of 110 miles, the average radial error for bombs dropped from 6,000 ft is 45 yd, and for bombs dropped from 25,000 ft is 100 yd. For a similar aircraft flying at a range of 250 miles the average radial error for bombs dropped from a height of 30,000 ft is 150 yd.Of the bombing error about 10% is taken up by the system errors, 45% by flying errors, 30% by inaccuracies in meteorological wind forecasts and 15% by bomb ballistic errors.
Precision Motion Control with Active Eddy Current Damper

This paper describes the design and proof of concept for an active eddy current damper which is integrated into a single-axis linear motor. Although developments on active eddy current damper are well documented, none has been implemented in a linear motor. The advantage of such a system is two-fold. Firstly, the relative motion between the magnets and the conducting sheet produces eddy currents resulting in an electromagnetic force opposing the direction of motion; which can be utilized to suppress vibrations. Secondly, it is possible to enhance the damping effect of the system; Due to environmental noise, it is normally not possible to increase the D coefficient in a PID controller as much as desirable. The damper is thus able to supplement this damping effect to improve settling time. Here, we will present the damper design as well as the preliminary experiment results for both vibration suppression and motion damping.
Effects of thermal noise on accuracy of measured BLAST capacities

There are ever increasing demands, in wireless communications, for additional capacity to handle voice, data and wideband Internet applications. These demands are constrained by the bandwidth that was allocated to wireless communications and practical limits on maximum power and minimum cell size. The spectral efficiencies in present day wireless systems hover around 1 bit/s/Hz. BLAST (Bell-labs LAyered Space-Time) is a communication technique for achieving very high spectral efficiencies in highly scattering environments using multiple transmit and receive antennas. A measurement campaign was undertaken to assess the BLAST gains in spectral efficiency in various environments. The measurements were to be performed over a narrow band at 2.44 GHz with five transmitting and seven receiving antennas, respectively. The effects of thermal noise on the accuracy of measured BLAST capacities are investigated.
Acute exercise and subsequent energy balance : interest in obese youths

Physical activity programs and dietary restrictions are commonly used to favor weight-loss in overweight and obese patients, by reducing energy balance. Such programs suffer of a low adherence and high drop-out due to the difficulties met by patients to concomitantly support exercise and energy restriction. Physical exercise has been proposed as a potential indirect energy intake modulator, which could be interesting in terms of obesity treatment. The impact of exercise on subsequent energy balance (intake and expenditure) and appetite has been mainly questioned among lean adults but few data are available in obese populations, particularly pediatrics. The first aim of this work was then to determine whether or not an acute bout of exercise could affect subsequent energy balance and appetite in obese adolescents (STUDY I). Then the importance of the prescribed exercise intensity (Low vs High intensity) on those energy balance and appetite modifications has been investigated (STUDY II). The results demonstrate that an intensive exercise (>70%VO2max) realized by the end of the morning favors a reduced energy balance by mainly decreasing energy intake. The induced energy intake decrease was observed within minutes after the exercise (30 minutes, lunch time), with the onset being experienced about 7 hours after, during dinner time. Data remain however contradictive concerning the post exercise macronutrient intake, and further investigations are required. No gender difference was observed in terms of post exercise energy balance and appetite adaptations. The observed energy intake adaptations were not accompanied by appetite sensation modifications, suggesting that obese adolescents are not at risk for food frustration. Within 24-h, obese adolescents’ energy balance can be reduced thanks to both elevated energy expenditure and decreased energy intake when an intensive exercise is performed by the end of the morning. Such results need to be questioned as part of chronic interventions to know whether or not intensive exercise can provide a great tool to induced long term energy balance reduction (by dually affecting energy expenditure and intake) and then weight loss.
Working During Pandemic: The Factors of Workstation Ergonomics and Complaints for Concerning the Body

Working from home during pandemic has become a new practice after Covid-19 pandemic spreads globally. Education sectors are closed temporarily where academicians are required to conduct online learning session. Working at home has been challenging with less or no ergonomic elements especially on the teaching and learning facilities. The impact of less or zero ergonomics elements at workstation may contribute to short and long-term effects to physical and mental health. Spending long hours at work areas in front of the computer for getting the video and notes ready, composing records and meeting students on computer, sitting on regular seat that existed at home, feeling tense due to computer and technology illiteracy, as well as enduring body torments and stress are among the impacts of working at home during this pandemic. Nonetheless, this new normal needs to be adjusted and adapted immediately. This research aims to investigate the four factors of workstation ergonomic aspects; body position, health level, teaching and learning tools and chair seating that contribute to their body conditions level at early Covid-19 pandemic. Besides, this research focuses to examine the relationship between the four factors and complaints concerning body conditions among academicians in Universiti Teknologi MARA, Pahang Branch when working at home. It was discovered that body posture was the most important aspect of workstation ergonomics despite having a minor impact on academicians' overall body health. Next, academicians' health level played a minor role in workstation ergonomics although it has a significant impact on academicians' complaints about their bodies.
Amplitude performance of Ruze and Rotman lenses

Ruze and Rotman lenses are devices which can be used to form multiple beams for antenna arrays. A previous paper has shown these lenses can be designed for low-phase aberrations and minimum size. Published work on these lenses has concentrated on phase and largely neglected amplitude performance (except Maybell). Here, a theoretical model is developed which predicts the primary amplitude distribution across the array ports of the lens; this then allows predictions of insertion loss and sidelobe levels of the fed array. An experimental waveguide-fed parallel-plate lens has constructed, and amplitude and phase performance measured. Comparison with the theoretical predictions shows good agreement. The multiple beam radiation patterns produced by a 16-element array fed by this lens have also been measured. The lens has a low insertion loss (? 2 dB) and provides a low sidelobe level (? 20 dB) for the 8? 12 GHz band.
STATURE AND STATUS: HEIGHT PERCEPTIONS AND ASPIRATIONS OF SELECTED FILIPINO YOUTH

Purpose of the study: This study aimed to provide an explanation of the perceptions of height by selected Filipino youth and discuss the factors that shape these perceptions. By exploring these factors, this study gives an overview of the extended height affects an individual's experience and aspirations. Methodology: Both quantitative and qualitative surveys were conducted on 300 youth participants (150 males and 150 females), where they rated 30 statements and answered open-ended questions. Quantitative data were analyzed statistically, and qualitative data were arranged into a comprehensive matrix and thematic coding of responses. Main findings: Height mainly symbolizes three components: advantage, capability, and desirability. Participants believe that being tall is an advantage in playing sports, will open up opportunities for work, and can help in doing everyday tasks. Height can also be a key to attracting the opposite sex. The ‘bigger is better’ prejudice appears to extend to a person’s experiences as well—short people’s experiences differ from those of taller people. Benefits brought by tallness is so sought that many exert extra efforts to grow taller. Tall bodies demonstrate a non-economic advantage that gives higher status and sociopolitical distinction in society. Implications: The topic of body size is potent for analyzing culture and power. This study provides evidence on the biases on height perception by the Filipino youth and can be useful in future studies relating to height. Originality/Novelty of the study: There are either limited or no studies concentrating on cultural perceptions of height conducted in developing countries such as the Philippines. Moreover, the height of Filipinos has rarely been reported, and the data that are available tend to be in relatively obscure publications.
Research on Thermal Error Modeling of CNC Machine Tool

Four key temperature points of a CNC machine tool were obtained in this paper, and a thermal error model based on the four key temperature points was proposed by using based back propagation neural network. A thermal error compensation system was developed based on the proposed model, and which has been applied to the CNC machine tool in daily production. The results show that the thermal error in workpiece diameter has been reduced from 33 to 6 .
A Control System of SEMG Signal Based on Deep Learning

The research of control system based on sEMG signal is a popular field at present. It collects bioelectricity of human body through surface electrode. It has the new characteristic of subject fusion, and it is the combination of engineering technology and medical theory, specifically the application of cross combination of control science and electrophysiology. In this paper, the human surface EMG signal is taken as the research object, and a manipulator control system based on one-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed, and the functions and implementation methods of each part of the system are analyzed. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of the training model is 0.973, and the design scheme of EMG signal recognition and classification system with deep learning method is feasible. The successful design of the system provides technical support and theoretical basis for the further study of electrophysiological signals.
Profitability of the First Commercial Thinning, a Simulation Study in Northern Finland

Despite positive signals from increasing growing stock volumes and improved roundwood trade, first commercial thinnings (FCTs) tend to be a bottleneck in Finnish forest management and forestry. The reasons are many, but probably the most crucial would be the lack of simultaneous economic incentives for participating agents, i.e., private forest owners and forest machine contractors. This is due to poor stand characteristics in most FCT cases: low cutting removal with small average stem size. There are five predetermined management options: (1) Industrial wood thinning with only two timber assortments, pulpwood and saw logs, (2) Integrated procurement of industrial and energy wood, (3) Energy wood thinning solely consisting of delimbed stems, (4) Whole-tree energy wood thinning with an energy price of 3 € m−3 and (5) Whole-tree energy wood thinning with energy price of 8 € m−3, that were applied for six separate forest stands located in Northern Finland, and derived from a database representing stands with an urgent need for FCT. Then, a two-phase financial analysis consisting of stand-level optimization (private forest owners) and profitability assessment (contractor) was conducted in order to find out whether there would be simultaneous economic incentives for both participants of FCT. The stand-level optimization revealed the financially best management options for a private forest owner, and then, for a contractor, the profitability assessment exposed the profit (or loss) associated with the particular management option. In brief, our results demonstrated that conducting either an industrial wood thinning (1) or an integrated procurement (2) resulted in a positive economic incentive for both the private forest owner and the contractor in all six cases (stands). Further, applying energy wood thinning with delimbed stems (3) would even generate a financial loss for the contractor, given the roadside prices applied in this study.
Life cycle cost analysis

The procedures for conducting life-cycle cost analysis and trade studies are discussed. Although the focus is on life-cycle costing, the procedures are applicable to any analysis. The types of effort discussed include the development of a life-cycle cost model, level of repair analysis, trade studies, and baselines. Examples of problems and pitfalls from two past programs are provided. One program involved a munition and its storage container. The maintenance concept was to test annually (with a portable suitcase-size tester) part of the fleet and to return failed munitions in their container to the depot for repair. The second program dealt with the development of a life-cycle cost model for engines. This cost model utilized historical data to develop cost-estimating relationships. <<ETX>>
40 Gbit/s limiting output buffer in 80 nm CMOS

A 40 Gbit/s 1V limiting output buffer for an AC-coupled 50 Ω load with a differential output swing of 660 mV and a gain of 18 dB is presented. A power consumption of only 24 mW and a simulated risetime of 11 ps are achieved by means of a systematic buffer optimisation.
ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY SOLUTIONS AT A CONSTRUCTION SITE

AbstractTo design solutions for occupational safety at a construction site for the construction technology project, an occupational hazard was assessed. Possible solutions for occupational safety depend on the number of criteria such as hazardous factors from which workers must be protected; the number of danger zones; architectural-design and structural solutions of a building; types of technical protection measures, etc. A large set of solutions for occupational safety predetermines the number of respective typical (or repeated) solutions, which are based on specific technical safety measures and are applicable depending on a hazardous factor; besides, it determines systematisation of the solutions on these grounds. It is suggested to use the Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique for assessment and selection of appropriate solutions for occupational safety. The authors propose formulating assessed alternatives from the typical solutions to ensure their quality and then apply the entropy met.
A digital Rykalin function for welding

This document outlines the software written to enable a user to evaluate the analytical solutions developed by N.N. Rykalin (1947) for the temperature rise created by moving a heat source of a given power over a workpiece. His solution is extended here so that an arbitrary weld schedule can be prescribed by the user. The inputs are thermophysical properties of the workpiece, and the schedule, in the form of piecewise constant power supply voltage, current and travel speed. The user also specifies the position of the point, and the elapsed time for which the output temperature rise is desired. An optional plot file for the temperature along the travel direction is also provided.
Design model for composite beam‐to‐reinforced concrete wall joints

A design model for composite beam‐to‐reinforced concrete wall joints is presented and discussed in this paper. The model proposed is the component method extended to this type of joint. The characterization of the active components is therefore performed in terms of force‐deformation curves. In this type of joint, special attention is paid to the steel‐concrete connection where “new” components, not covered in EN 1993‐1‐8, are activated. The application of the model allows the designer to obtain the joint properties in terms of the moment‐rotation curve. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified by comparing it with available experimental and numerical results. The latter were developed in the FE program ABAQUS and previously validated by experimental results.
Spectrally encoded optical fibre sensor systems and their application in process control, environmental and structural monitoring

Different types of advanced optical fibre sensor systems using similar spectral interrogation principles and potential low-cost polychromator optoelectronic signal processing instrumentation will be presented, and examples of their industrial application are demonstrated. These are such sensors as multimode fibre based humidity, temperature, and pressure sensors with extrinsic microoptical Fabry-Perot transducers for process control in gas industry, UV absorption evanescent field sensors for organic pollution monitoring in groundwater, and single mode fibre Bragg grating (FBG) multiplexed strain & vibration and temperature sensor networks for structural health monitoring applications in electric power facilities, aerospace, railways, geotechnical and civil engineering. Recent results of current investigations applying FBGs and microstructured fibres for chemical sensing will be discussed.
Etropy Problem Simulation in Landscape Ecology Assessment Based on GIS – A Case Study of Landscape Conservation Value Assessment in Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam

The Etropy problem has been widely applied in the assessment and analysis of landscape ecology. Research results are just at the indicators, not able to describe the spatial distribution of the landscape. In this paper, we will simulate the results of the application Etropy problem in landscape assessment based on a GIS. A GIS is used to store the information of layers on landscape structure, indicator analysis and map-layer assessment. This is a new research direction, research results of Etropy problem will be simulated by the evaluation map. Research have been applied in Sa Pa area - one of Vietnam's most mountainous district. Research results shown the landscape diversity in the research area and landscape area identification to be conserved.
Comparison of quadratic phase coupling detectors on sonar data

Detection and estimation of processes with mixed spectra and coupled harmonics is a well-known problem in the analysis of time-series and is of particular interest in classification of sonar signals. In this paper a comparison is made between two quadratic phase coupling (QPC) detection techniques analytically. One technique adopts a segment and average approach to obtain estimates of the signal bicoherence and then uses a step-wise outlier rejection method to select only relevant data points. The other technique is a single record phase coupling detector which removes the need for multiple independent records. It is shown that analytically the techniques are identical.
Distributed nonlinear stability analysis of rotating stall

Linear stability addresses only the local behavior of a nonlinear system around its equilibrium point, whereas a nonlinear stability analysis can provide more general information, for instance the size of the domain of attraction of the equilibrium. This issue is critical since a linearly stable equilibrium that has a small domain of attraction can be destabilized by a big enough perturbation, sometimes even by noise. This phenomenon occurs in compression systems; the compressor enters rotating stall before the linearlypredicted stall inception point. This thesis presents a method for nonlinear stability analysis of rotating stall using Lyapunov stability theory. The method allows one to estimate domains of attraction at any operating point, for various compression system parameters. A nonlinear state-space representation of rotating stall based on the Moore-Greitzer model is used. Examples are given that show trends in the inception behavior of rotating stall depending on the properties of the compression system. A more elaborate model of rotating stall is then presented, and it is shown why and how Absolute Stability Theory can be applied.