Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation in Asymptomatic Tennis Players and Swimmers

static and dynamic stability depends on the synchronized action of rotator cuff muscles and capsuloligamentous structures. The demands on these structures are even higher during the practice of sports such as tennis, volleyball, baseball, and swimming. Although these sports have different characteristics, they show similar movement patterns and subject the shoulder and the upper limb to repeated overhead movements (overhead sports). The most common lesions in young tennis players are associated with repetitive microtrauma. Most upper limb lesions affect the shoulder, at an incidence that ranges from 25% to 45.7%. Although some logical inferences may be drawn, no studies have consistently evaluated the longterm effects of tennis playing. The prevalence of shoulder pain in competitive swimmers was estimated by McMaster and Troup at about 10% to 26%, growing with the duration (number of years) of sports practice. Jobe suggested that the inferior glenohumeral ligament might undergo progressive stretching in overhead sports players. Those findings led to the recommendation of surgery for anterior instability in athletes, with unpredictable results. Burkhart et al proposed that the essential lesion that affects these athletes is an acquired loss of internal rotation resulting from tightness of the posteroinferior capsule. They called it glenohumeral internal rotation Measurement of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation in Asymptomatic Tennis Players and Swimmers
Dose Measurements on Secondary Roentgen Radiation

Measurements on the secondary roentgen radiation dose have been published to a very small extent. In 1947 LORENTZON (3) investigated the dose-rate from certain materials of practical importance and estimated the quality of the secondary radiation from the point of view of radiation protection. This investigation clearly showed the importance of the fluorescence rays, as earlier pointed out by CHRISTEN (1). In order to complete the survey of secondary radiation data given by LINDELL (2), I have used about the same arrangement as LORENTZON and measured the secondary dose-rate from some elements with particularly regard to the softest radiation components. The arrangement is shown in Diagr. 1. A cardboard ionization chamber with graphite-covered walls about 0.15 rom thick was used. (The air between the radiator and the chamber brought in an additional absorption, equivalent to about 0.4 mm of card-
Prenatal corticosteroids for reducing morbidity and mortality after preterm birth, vol. 25.

In 1959 the New Zealand obstetrician Graham (Mont) Liggins began investigating mechanisms that triggered premature labour. Supported by the Wellcome Trust, he examined the effects of hormones on labour in sheep, and demonstrated co-incidentally that in utero corticosteroids accelerated fetal lung maturation. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) of prenatal corticosteroids in humans by Liggins and pediatrician Ross Howie, showed a reduction of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm babies. This Witness Seminar, chaired by Dr Edmund Hey, discussed the influence of Liggins' and Howie's 1972 paper announcing these results, and subsequent work by Avery and Kotas on induction of pulmonary surfactant in lambs. Other subjects included Crowley's 1981 systematic review of four RCTs; the low uptake of corticosteroids in practice until the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists issued usage guidelines in 1992; trials to determine optimum drug, dose and number of courses; potential adverse effects; and cost-benefit analysis. Participants included Dr Mel Avery, Sir Iain Chalmers, Dr Patricia Crowley, the late Professor Harold Gamsu, Professor Jane Harding, Professor Richard Lilford, Professor Miranda Mugford, Professor Ann Oakley, Professor Dafydd Walters and Mr John Williams. Appendices from Liggins and Howie; Liggins' Wellcome Trust grant; and the protocol of the 1975 UK trial of betamethasone, complete the volume.
Dynamics analysis and numerical simulation of a novel underactuated robot wrist

Dynamics of robot wrist is concerned with the relations between the forces acting on the robot wrist mechanism and the accelerations it produces. Many valuable contributions come forth in recent years, as a suitable dynamics model for a robot wrist is very crucial for analysing its behaviour, on-line control of motions and forces, trajectory design and optimization, and design of robot mechanisms. However, current researches always focus on full-actuated robot wrists. The proposed underactuated robot wrist is a novel mechanism with fewer actuators than the degrees of freedom. As the existing dynamics models for the full-actuated robot wrists are not suitable for the underactuated robot wrist anymore, the dynamics model of the underactuated robot wrist becomes an important issue. This article is devoted to a model for dynamics analysis of a novel underactuated robot wrist. After this underactuated robot wrist is introduced, the dynamics analysis of the underactuated robot wrist with numerical simulation based on virtual prototyping is proposed in detail. The peak values of servo motor in the joint motion unit are also estimated. The dynamics analysis of a novel underactuated robot wrist is used to demonstrate the proposed method.
STL ‐ based analysis of TRAIL ‐ induced apoptosis challenges the notion of type I / type II cell line classification

Extrinsic apoptosis is a programmed cell death triggered by external ligands, such as the TNF‐related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL). Depending on the cell line, the specific molecular mechanisms leading to cell death may significantly differ. Precise characterization of these differences is crucial for understanding and exploiting extrinsic apoptosis. Cells show distinct behaviors on several aspects of apoptosis, including (i) the relative order of caspases activation, (ii) the necessity of mitochondria outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) for effector caspase activation, and (iii) the survival of cell lines overexpressing Bcl2. These differences are attributed to the activation of one of two pathways, leading to classification of cell lines into two groups: type I and type II. In this work we challenge this type I/type II cell line classification. We encode the three aforementioned distinguishing behaviors in a formal language, called signal temporal logic (STL), and use it to extensively test the validity of a previously‐proposed model of TRAIL‐induced apoptosis with respect to experimental observations made on different cell lines. After having solved a few inconsistencies using STL‐guided parameter search, we show that these three criteria do not define consistent cell line classifications in type I or type II, and suggest mutants that are predicted to exhibit ambivalent behaviors. In particular, this finding sheds light on the role of a feedback loop between caspases, and reconciliates two apparently‐conflicting views regarding the importance of either upstream or downstream processes for cell‐type determination. More generally, our work suggests that these three distinguishing behaviors should be merely considered as type I/II features rather than cell‐type defining criteria. On the methodological side, this work illustrates the biological relevance of STL‐diagrams, STL population data, and STL‐guided parameter search implemented in the tool Breach. Such tools are well‐adapted to the ever‐ increasing availability of heterogeneous knowledge on complex signal transduction pathways. Author BLOCKINsummary Apoptosis, a major form of programmed cell death, plays a crucial role in shaping organs during development and controls homeostasis and tissue integrity throughout life. Defective apoptosis is often involved in cancer development and progression. Current understanding of externally triggered apoptosis is that death results from the activation of one out of two parallel signal transduction pathways. This leads to a classification of cell lines in two main types: type I and II. In the context of chemotherapy, understanding the cell‐line‐specific molecular mechanisms of apoptosis is important since this could guide drug usage. Biologists investigate the details …
The Proper Hoof Angle

The earliest recorded advice on hoof angles comes from Simon of Athens (430 BC) and Xenophon (380 BC). Each insisted that there should be no contact between the frog and firm ground. From Morgan’s translation, 1893, Xenophon says: `In buying a horse. the first things you ought to look at are his feet. High ones (heels) keep what is called the frog well off the ground, while horses with low hoofs walk with the hardest and softest part of the foot at once, like knock-kneed men. Simon says that their (hollow, ringing) sound is a proof of good feet and he is right. ”
Sudarshan Kriya of the Art of Living Foundation: Applications to Social Work Practice

This paper draws from the experiences of 1099 participants of the Sudarshan Kriya technique of the Art of Living Foundation. The randomly drawn sample of participants had successfully completed the Sudarshan Kriya part 1 and 2 and/or the Sahaj Samadhi Meditation courses in the city of Mumbai, India. Sudarshan Kriya was largely perceived to be effective for a general feeling of peace and well-being. The analysis brings out differentials in the perceived efficacy by socio-demographic profiles, health status and self-practice/follow up attendance through the multiple linear regression model. Logistic regression analysis showed that apart from certain other factors like being currently married, better qualified and in service/employment, self-practice and regular follow up attendance were crucial predictors for the efficacy of Sudarshan Kriya. Further, the paper builds a frame for applications of Sudarshan Kriya to social work containing aspects of: episteme, practical steps and possible efficacy parameters. The hegemonic propensities of promoting such a technique within the social work discipline have also been discussed. In the conclusion, perceived efficacy of Sudarshan Kriya technique and what it implies for social work has been discussed through some relevant literature.
Trusting Relationships: Creating a Conducive Teaching and Learning Environment

Trust is an important concept in nursing and it is regarded as the cornerstone of a society. Nursing is a profession which is built on trusting relationships and it is an essential component of nursing practice and nursing education. Trust definitions are based on five interrelated aspects:(i) the construct, as an expectation, belief, attitude and willingness to trust one another; (ii) there are specific competencies and capacities of the trustees; (iii) actions and behaviour of trustees are consistent and to the benefit of others; (iv) these actions are predictable and result in outputs to favour one another; and, (v) with trust there is a risk with uncertainty and vulnerability (Castelfranchi & Falcone 2010).
TOOTH BRUSHING, AND PREVENTING VENTILATOR- ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA IN CRITICALLY ILL ADULTS

Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Objective To examine the effects of mechanical (toothbrushing), pharmacological (topical oral chlorhexidine), and combination (toothbrushing plus chlorhexidine) oral care on the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Methods Critically ill adults in 3 intensive care units were enrolled within 24 hours of intubation in a randomized controlled clinical trial with a 2 x 2 factorial design. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia at the time of intubation and edentulous patients were excluded. Patients (n = 547) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 0.12% solution chlorhexidine oral swab twice daily, toothbrushing thrice daily, both toothbrushing and chlorhexidine, or control (usual care). Ventilator-associated pneumonia was determined by using the Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS). Results The 4 groups did not differ significantly in clinical characteristics. At day 3 analysis, 249 patients remained in the study. Among patients without pneumonia at baseline, pneumonia developed in 24% (CPIS ≥6) by day 3 in those treated with chlorhexidine. When data on all patients were analyzed together, mixed models analysis indicated no effect of either chlorhexidine (P = .29) or toothbrushing (P = .95). However, chlorhexidine significantly reduced the incidence of pneumonia on day 3 (CPIS ≥6) among patients who had CPIS <6 at baseline (P = .006). Toothbrushing had no effect on CPIS and did not enhance the effect of chlorhexidine. Conclusions Chlorhexidine, but not toothbrushing, reduced early ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients without pneumonia at baseline. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2009:18:428-438).
Planar locomotion of earthworm-like metameric robots

The goal of this research is to develop a generic earthworm-like locomotion robot model consisting of a large number of segments in series and based on which to systematically investigate the generation of planar locomotion gaits and their correlation with a robot’s locomotion performance. The investigation advances the state-of-the-art by addressing some fundamental but largely unaddressed issues in the field. These issues include (a) how to extract the main shape and deformation characteristics of the earthworm’s body and build a generic model, (b) how to coordinate the deformations of different segments such that steady-state planar locomotion can be achieved, and (c) how different locomotion gaits would qualitatively and quantitatively affect the robot’s locomotion performance, and how to evaluate them. Learning from earthworms’ unique morphology characteristics, a generic kinematic model of earthworm-like metameric locomotion robots is developed. Left/right-contracted segments are introduced into the model to achieve planar locomotion. Then, this paper proposes a gait-generation algorithm by mimicking the earthworm’s retrograde peristalsis wave, with which all admissible locomotion gaits can be constructed. We discover that when controlled by different gaits, the robot would exhibit four qualitatively different locomotion modes, namely, rectilinear, sidewinding, circular, and cycloid locomotion. For each mode, kinematic indexes are defined and examined to characterize their locomotion performances. For verification, a proof-of-concept robot hardware is designed and prototyped. Experiments reveal that with the proposed robot model and the employed gait controls, locomotion of different modes can be effectively achieved, and they agree well with the theoretical predictions.
Phase I dose-escalation study of sodium stibogluconate (SSG), a protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, combined with interferon-alfa for patients with solid tumors

3011 Background: SSG is a potent inhibitor of IFN-α signaling protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases). Combination of SSG+IFN alpha-2b inhibits growth of melanoma, myeloma, colon, prostate, and breast carcinoma cell lines in vitro. We designed a dose-finding trial to assess toxicities, MTD, PK, PTPase modulation, and the immune effects of this combination. Methods: A phase I trial testing a 6-week regimen consisting of: (1) IV SSG for 5 days of the first week of cycle (2) IFN α-2b was administered SQ 3 times/wk (tiw) during week (3) Both drugs are given in combination thereafter on a 2 wk-on /1 wk-off schedule. SSG was administered at 5 different dose levels (400; 600; 900; 1,350; 1,125mg/m2). Results: 19 patients (17 patients at MDACC and 2 at UNM) (median patient age =59 yrs, range 33–82) received 31 courses. Diagnoses included; melanoma (5), colorectal (3), pancreas (3), and prostate (1), neuroendocrine (1), adenocystic carcinoma (1), malignant granulosa cell (1), squamous cell carcinoma of head/neck (.
Subspace Methods for Anomaly Detection in High Dimensional As -

RÉSUMÉ) Modern astronomical surveys, in particular cross-matched databases from virtual observatories, are very large datasets (hundred of thousands to millions and even billions of objects), which are highdimensional (from a dozen variables up to a few hundred) and which often contain large numbers of missing values (due to sources emitting light at different wavelengths and faint sources not being detected in all filter passbands). The objects most interesting for astronomers are typically very rare, very faint and have one or several features that set them apart from the other sources in the survey. Indeed common stars and galaxies are fairly well-understood and it are objects right at the detection limits of the different surveys or objects that have peculiar astrophysical properties which drive much of the astrophysical research. Therefore anomaly detection tools are vital for finding such potential interesting sources. However the size of the datasets involved, the high dimensionality and above all the large numbers of missing values present severe challenges to existing anomaly detection methods. We propose a novel approach which works by computing, for each object, anomaly scores in lower dimensional subspaces and then combining these scores to a unique score for each source. Working in subspaces allows us to work around the curse of dimensionality and deal very intuitively with missing values. As a result our method allows direct comparisons of sources, even if they have been observed in quite different sets of variables. We will discuss several ways of combining anomaly scores and look at various properties of our approach. The proposed approach is very flexible and can be used with most anomaly score computation methods. Int. Statistical Inst. : Proc. 58th World Statistical Congress, 2011, Dublin (Session STS004) p.2040
Homeopathic Arnica for Prevention of Pain and Bruising: Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial in Hand Surgery

Homeopathic arnica is widely believed to control bruising, reduce swelling and promote recovery after local trauma; many patients therefore take it perioperatively. To determine whether this treatment has any effect, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial with three parallel arms. 64 adults undergoing elective surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome were randomized to take three tablets daily of homeopathic arnica 30C or 6C or placebo for seven days before surgery and fourteen days after surgery. Primary outcome measures were pain (short form McGill Pain Questionnaire) and bruising (colour separation analysis) at four days after surgery. Secondary outcome measures were swelling (wrist circumference) and use of analgesic medication (patient diary). 62 patients could be included in the intention-to-treat analysis. There were no group differences on the primary outcome measures of pain (P=0.79) and bruising (P=0.45) at day four. Swelling and use of analgesic medication also did not differ between arnica and placebo groups. Adverse events were reported by 2 patients in the arnica 6C group, 3 in the placebo group and 4 in the arnica 30C group. The results of this trial do not suggest that homeopathic arnica has an advantage over placebo in reducing postoperative pain, bruising and swelling in patients undergoing elective hand surgery.
Computerized extraction of information on the quality of diabetes care from free text in electronic patient records of general practitioners.

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated a computerized method for extracting numeric clinical measurements related to diabetes care from free text in electronic patient records (EPR) of general practitioners. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS Accuracy of this number-oriented approach was compared to manual chart abstraction. Audits measured performance in clinical practice for two commonly used electronic record systems. RESULTS Numeric measurements embedded within free text of the EPRs constituted 80% of relevant measurements. For 11 of 13 clinical measurements, the study extraction method was 94%-100% sensitive with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 85%-100%. Post-processing increased sensitivity several points and improved PPV to 100%. Application in clinical practice involved processing times averaging 7.8 minutes per 100 patients to extract all relevant data. CONCLUSION The study method converted numeric clinical information to structured data with high accuracy, and enabled research and quality of care assessments for practices lacking structured data entry.
Validation of the Comprehensive International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Set for Hand Conditions

Introduction. The Comprehensive International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Set for Hand Conditions has been developed as a tool to describe functioning in individuals with hand conditions. The purpose of this study was to validate the ICF Core Set in a multicentre study in Germany. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional multicentre study involving individuals with various types of hand injuries or disorders from hand trauma units and rehabilitation facilities in Germany. We performed structured patient interviews using the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for Hand Conditions to investigate whether all of its categories are necessary to describe patients’ functioning. Patients additionally completed the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH). Results. The study sample comprised 260 individuals (65% men) with a mean age of 46 years. Participants had a mean DASH score of 42.7 (22.25 SD) and a median time since injury or diagnosis of 106 days. Most frequent diagnoses were fractures at forearm, wrist and hand level. We identified patients’ problems in all ICF categories of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for Hand Conditions with a prevalence of at least 10%. Two ICF categories were perceived as missing: ‘b4352 – functions of lymphatic vessels’ and ‘b298 – sensory functions and pain, other specified – neuralgia in upper extremity’. Discussion. The Comprehensive ICF Core Set for Hand Conditions has been validated in this national multicentre study. All of its categories could thereby be confirmed. Further validation is needed, involving different study samples in different countries worldwide.
Making meaning in the time of AIDS: longitudinal narratives from the Malawi Journals Project

The Malawi Journals Project is one of the longest-running observational field studies in rural sub-Saharan Africa, ongoing since 1999. The journals provide real-time accounts of the unfolding epidemic, from the days when AIDS was considered by rural Malawians to be a death sentence, through the advent of international AIDS organisations bearing advice on avoiding infections by self-control, and then the turn to institutionally-based efforts to control infection through HIV testing and antiretroviral medications. This paper examines the epistemological and substantive contributions of the Journals Project, which we and others who have analysed the journals have made to understanding the AIDS epidemic. The paper has three primary aims. The first is to provide evidence of the chasm between the top-down perspectives of global actors with a mandate to address the pandemic and the bottom-up perspectives of local actors trying to avoid dying from AIDS, perspectives that are often contradictory. Second, beyond what can be learned from the journals about individual and collective responses to AIDS, they suggest the value of longitudinal observational field studies as a method for understanding how cultural change occurs. And third, as an example of the potential of longitudinal field studies as a research method on AIDS as well as other topics, we have structured our argument around the broader empirical and theoretical debates in the social sciences featured in published and presented analyses of the Malawi journals data: multiple moral logics, the course of global flows of information and injunctions, and the collective deliberation that produces authoritative local knowledge.