Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studying Spatial Resolution of CZT Detectors Using Sub-Pixel Positioning for SPECT

CZT detectors are the basic building block of a variety of new SPECT systems. Their modularity allows adapting system architecture to specific applications such as cardiac, breast, brain or small animal imaging. In semiconductors, a high number of electron-hole pairs is produced by a single interaction. This direct conversion process allows better energy and spatial resolutions than usual scintillation detectors based on NaI(Tl). However, it remains often unclear if SPECT imaging can really benefit of that performance gain. We investigate the system performance of a detection module, which is based on 5 mm thick CZT with a segmented anode having a 2.5 mm pitch by simulation and experimentation. This pitch allows an easy assembly of the crystal on the readout board and limits the space occupied by electronics without significantly degrading energy and spatial resolution.
Analysis of the Optimal, Look-Ahead Demand Paging Algorithms

We express the future behavior of programs that may be described by two common program behavior models, the independent reference model and the LRU stack model, by a discrete time Markov chain. Using this Markov chain model, we are able to calculate the theoretical minimum number of page faults for a program representable by either of these models in either a fixed or variable size memory. The behavior of optimal look-ahead and optimal realizable demand paging algorithms are compared, and it is seen that look-ahead paging demonstrates an inherent advantage sufficient to account for the differences observed between currently implemented demand paging algorithms and theoretically optimal algorithms.
Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of Ampulla of Vater: Report of a Rare Malignancy and Literature Review

Introduction: Signet ring cell carcinoma is a rare tumor that generally originates in the gastrointestinal tract. Signet-ring cell carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater is extremely uncommon and a very rare clinical entity, which is infrequently reported in medical literature and only 31 cases have been mentioned. Most tumors affecting Vater’s Ampulla are adenocarcinomas and other histological variants are less frequent. It mainly occurs in elderly patients. Case Presentation: We report a case of signet ring cell carcinoma of Vater’s Ampulla. The tumour had infiltrated the duodenal, but local lymph nodes were clear (T3N0M0). Duodenopancreatectomy with pylorus preservation is the treatment of choice. Conclusions: Etiology and survival are not well-defined in the literature due to the extreme rarity of this disease.
Gab1 mediates hepatocyte growth factor‐stimulated mitogenicity and morphogenesis in multipotent myeloid cells

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)‐stimulated mitogenesis, motogenesis and morphogenesis in various cell types begins with activation of the Met receptor tyrosine kinase and the recruitment of intracellular adaptors and kinase substrates. The adapter protein Gab1 is a critical effector and substrate of activated Met, mediating morphogenesis, among other activities, in epithelial cells. To define its role downstream of Met in hematopoietic cells, Gab1 was expressed in the HGF‐responsive, Gab1‐negative murine myeloid cell line 32D. Interestingly, the adhesion and motility of Gab1‐expressing cells were significantly greater than parental cells, independent of growth factor treatment. Downstream of activated Met, Gab1 expression was specifically associated with rapid Shp‐2 recruitment and activation, increased mitogenic potency, suppression of GATA‐1 expression and concomitant upregulation of GATA‐2 transcription. In addition to enhanced proliferation, continuous culture of Gab1‐expressing 32D cells in HGF resulted in cell attachment, filopodia extension and phenotypic changes suggestive of monocytic differentiation. Our results suggest that in myeloid cells, Gab1 is likely to enhance HGF mitogenicity by coupling Met to Shp‐2 and GATA‐2 expression, thereby potentially contributing to normal myeloid differentiation as well as oncogenic transformation. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 310–321, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectroscopic and functional characterization of an environmentally sensitive fluorescent actin conjugate.

Rabbit skeletal muscle F-actin has been selectively labeled at a cysteine residue with the environmentally sensitive fluorophore 6-acryloyl-2-(dimethylamino)naphthalene. The fluorescent actin conjugate behaves similarly to native actin with respect to the polymerization kinetics, critical monomer concentration, and ability to form F-actin paracrystals. Upon polymerization to F-actin, the absorption of the actin conjugate is red-shifted, whereas the fluorescence emission is blue-shifted 740 wavenumbers and is accompanied by a decrease in the fluorescence bandwidth of 470 wavenumbers. These large shifts in the spectral properties of 6-propionyl-2-(dimethylamino)naphthalene (Prodan) in actin provide a simple method for obtaining a spectral discrimination between the G- and F-actin populations during the polymerization reaction. Steady-state fluorescence techniques were used to study the environment of the fluorophore in the monomeric and polymeric forms of actin. Fluorescence emission spectral analysis and quenching and polarization studies of G-actin-Prodan indicated that the fluorophore lies immobile on the protein surface but with one of its faces in full contact with the solvent. In F-actin, the fluorophore has a limited exposure to the solvent and is located in a dielectric environment similar to those seen for Prodan in polar, aprotic solvents or buried within a protein matrix [Macgregor, R. B. , Jr., & Weber, G. (1986) Nature (London) 318, 70-73]. Additionally, our results demonstrate that the Prodan molecule conjugated to F-actin is completely immobile during its fluorescence lifetime, exhibits an increase in the resonance energy transfer (RET) from tryptophan residues compared to that observed in G-actin, and shows evidence of homologous RET within the polymer.
[Discrepancy between imaging and neurophysiology in deep brain stimulation of medial pallidum and subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease].

OBJECTIVE The objective of this work is to assess the discrepancy in distance between the target chosen by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the final electrode placement after intraoperative microrecording in patients submitted to deep brain stimulation (DBS) for alleviating the Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Thirty patients with PD and motor complications were operated with stereotactic surgery by MRI and microrecording. In 19 patients, the target chosen was the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and in 11 others the target was globus pallidus internus (GPi). In this work it is considered that the electrode has a current field below usual parameters of 1.5 mm radius. Consequently, when the distance error between the final physiological target and the MRI target, is between 1.5 and 3 mm was considered as partial discrepancy and distances of 3 mm or more were considered as total discrepancy. RESULTS Partial discrepancy for STN and GPi were in 25 and 33% of the cases respectively and total discrepancy was 57 and 42% for each nucleus. The average distance error between both targets, final and image, for X stereotactic coordinate (mediolateral distance) was 1.54 mm for STN and 0.8 mm for GPi. The average distance for Y coordinate (anteroposterior distance) was 2.3 mm for STN and 2.2 mm for GPi. CONCLUSION There is a significant discrepancy between the final physiological target after microrecording and the target chosen by MRI during surgery for alleviating PD that may induce variations or absence of clinical efficacy in parkinsonian patients submitted to the DBS surgery. Authors suggest the necessity of the microelectrode recording in order to reach the surgical target with the best clinical condition.
A software solution for realtime malware detection in distributed systems

In the recent years, threats of malwares have been increasing. The violation of privacy and confidentiality in large networks and distributed systems is the main target for these malwares. To prevent such attacks, anti-virus systems are designed with different analysis methods and featuring regular updating service. But still we face many threats that are not easily identified. Some systems encounter limitations like shortage in computational resources or real-time interactions. They need a new approach to detect unknown and predefined threats together. The main idea behind this research work is to find malware in network level analysis by a real-time approach. It can be shown that there is often a long delay between entrance of malware and its malicious effect. This investigation is divided into two parts: first is to analyze predefined network behavior in network devices, and second is to investigate software-level activities. To do this, the entropy is introduced. The aim of this feature is to measure network flow trustworthily. Prior work shows that the trust border is lower than 0.3 and threat boundary is defined higher than 0.8. The result indicates that the detection rate of the proposed system is higher than 71% for unknown malwares.
On Job Merging MapReduce Meta Expressions for Multiple Decomposition Mapping and Reducing

intention of MapReduce Sets for Job Merging expressions analysis has to suggest criteria how Job Merging expressions in Job Merging data can be defined in a meaningful way and how they should be compared. Similitude based MapReduce Sets for Job Merging Expression Analysis and MapReduce Sets for Assignment is expected to adhere to fundamental principles of the scientific Job Merging process that are expressiveness of Job Merging models and reproducibility of their Job Merging inference. Job Merging expressions are assumed to be elements of a Job Merging expression space or Conjecture class and Job Merging data provide "information" which of these Job Merging expressions should be used to interpret the Job Merging data. An inference Job Merging algorithm constructs the mapping between Job Merging data and Job Merging expressions, in particular by a Job Merging cost minimization process. Fluctuations in the Job Merging data often limit the Job Merging precision, which we can achieve to uniquely identify a single Job Merging expression as interpretation of the Job Merging data. We advocate an information theoretic perspective on Job Merging expression analysis to resolve this dilemma where the tradeoff between Job Merging informativeness of statistical inference Job Merging and their Job Merging stability is mirrored in the information-theoretic Job Merging optimum of high Job Merging information rate and zero communication expression error. The inference Job Merging algorithm is considered as an outlier object Job Merging path, which naturally limits the resolution of the Job Merging expression space given the uncertainty of the Job Merging data. KeywordsJob Merging expressions, kernel function.
Stereo SLAM for robust dense 3D reconstruction of underwater environments

The virtual reconstruction of underwater environments in 3 dimensions can be of great utility for scientific or industrials applications, being the use of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) equipped with cameras an invaluable tool with progressive improvements. However, a highly accurate vehicle localization process is fundamental to place every portion of that 3D model in its real position with respect to the origin of the world system of coordinates, and to join properly the overall reconstructed area, especially in large surveys. Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) techniques constitute the most precise localization approach using only data provided by the navigation sensors installed on board the underwater robot. However, the real challenge consists in applying these techniques in underwater environments where the imaging conditions are usually limited or degraded. This paper presents the comparison of two different SLAM approaches based on stereo-vision, a graph-SLAM and an EKF SLAM, applied to localize, in real time, an AUV moving in underwater environments. Both algorithms deal with pure 3D data, (x, y, z) for the vehicle position and a quaternion to represent its orientation. The aim of this work is to assess and compare the performance of both solutions in terms of accuracy in the estimation of the robot pose. First experiments were conducted in controlled aquatic scenarios where it was feasible to build a highly reliable ground truth, showing how the graph-SLAM approach outperforms its EKF counterpart under the same working and environmental conditions. A second set of experiments was conducted in the sea, showing the same tendency in the results. The SLAM pose estimates, given with respect to a global world frame, corresponding to the approach with less accumulated error are used to recreated virtual 3D maps of the environment based on the concatenation of successive stereo visual point clouds placed in the corresponding SLAM locations.
Comparative phenotypic analysis of the two major splice isoforms of phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase type I&ggr; in vivo

Summary Localized production of polyphosphoinositides is critical for their signaling function. To examine the biological relevance of specific pools of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate we compared the consequences of genetically ablating all isoforms of phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) kinase type I&ggr; (PIPKI&ggr;), encoded by the gene Pip5k1c, versus ablation of a specific splice isoform, PIPKI&ggr;_i2, with respect to three reported PIPKI&ggr; functions. Ablation of PIPKI&ggr;_i2 caused a neuron-specific endocytosis defect similar to that found in PIPKI&ggr;−/− mice, while agonist-induced calcium signaling was reduced in PIPKI&ggr;−/− cells, but was not affected in the absence of PIPKI&ggr;_i2. A reported contribution of PIPKI&ggr; to epithelial integrity was not evident in PIPKI&ggr;−/− mice. Given that mice lacking PIPKI&ggr;_i2 live a normal lifespan whereas PIPKI&ggr;−/− mice die shortly after birth, we propose that PIPKI&ggr;-mediated metabotropic calcium signaling may represent an essential function of PIPKI&ggr;, whereas functions specific to the PIPKI&ggr;_i2 splice isoform are not essential for survival.
A novel 4/4 Multilayer Switched Reluctance Motor with 4 magnetically independent layers

Switched Reluctance Motor is simple structure motor which has great features that is appealing for industrial applications. The major remarkable features consist of robustness, no rotor winding which provides high speed application for this kind of motor. In this paper, a novel Multilayer Switched Reluctance Motor (MSRM) with 4 magnetically independent layers which each layer consists of 4 rotor poles and 4 stator poles is proposed. The rotor of each set has rotated 22.5° to make rotation of multilayer SRM This MSRM has low torque ripple and can produced higher torque respect to usual SRM with same volume. To evaluate the motor operation, two types of analysis, namely numerical techniques and the simulation analysis have been utilized. In the numerical analysis, due to the highly nonlinear nature of the motor, a finite element analysis is employed. Then, the simulation analysis is carried out to represent motors application.
Lack of Transferrin Receptor 1 in the Heart Causes Lethal Cardiomyopathy and Disruption of Mitophagy in Mice

Lack of Transferrin Receptor 1 in the Heart Causes Lethal Cardiomyopathy and Disruption of Mitophagy in Mice by Wenjing Xu Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Nancy C. Andrews, Supervisor ___________________________ Matthew D. Hirschey ___________________________ Deborah M. Muoio ___________________________ Geoffrey S. Pitt ___________________________ Howard A. Rockman An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology in the Graduate School of Duke University
Electrical biasing scheme for Liquid-Crystal-based tunable Substrate Integrated Waveguide structures

In this paper, an electrical biasing structure is proposed for a tunable Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) device with Liquid Crystal (LC) as the tuning component. The biasing circuits or electrodes are made of chromium and gold layers. Silicon nitride layer, which has a thickness of 1 μm, is employed to isolate the electrodes against ground. Since voltage as high as ±200V may be applied, high breakdown voltages are required. As a proof of concept, a simple LC-SIW phase shifter based on a tunable delay line is manufactured and sealed with the fabricated biasing structure. Simulation results exhibit a Figure of Merit (FoM) of 89°/dB at 20GHz. The fabricated phase shifter give FoM of 32°/dB with switching time of 5s.
A Functional Screen Identifies miRs That Induce Radioresistance in Glioblastomas

The efficacy of radiotherapy in many tumor types is limited by normal tissue toxicity and by intrinsic or acquired radioresistance. Therefore, it is essential to understand the molecular network responsible for regulating radiosensitivity/resistance. Here, an unbiased functional screen identified four microRNAs (miR1, miR125a, miR150, and miR425) that induce radioresistance. Considering the clinical importance of radiotherapy for patients with glioblastoma, the impact of these miRNAs on glioblastoma radioresistance was investigated. Overexpression of miR1, miR125a, miR150, and/or miR425 in glioblastoma promotes radioresistance through upregulation of the cell-cycle checkpoint response. Conversely, antagonizing with antagomiRs sensitizes glioblastoma cells to irradiation, suggesting their potential as targets for inhibiting therapeutic resistance. Analysis of glioblastoma datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed that these miRNAs are expressed in glioblastoma patient specimens and correlate with TGFβ signaling. Finally, it is demonstrated that expression of miR1 and miR125a can be induced by TGFβ and antagonized by a TGFβ receptor inhibitor. Together, these results identify and characterize a new role for miR425, miR1, miR125, and miR150 in promoting radioresistance in glioblastomas and provide insight into the therapeutic application of TGFβ inhibitors in radiotherapy. Implications: Systematic identification of miRs that cause radioresistance in gliomas is important for uncovering predictive markers for radiotherapy or targets for overcoming radioresistance. Mol Cancer Res; 12(12); 1767–78. ©2014 AACR.
THE ROLE OF THE SIGMA FACTOR cys ( KatF ) BACTERIAL GLOBAL REGULATION

The protein encoded by katF (also known as nur, appR, csio2, abrD, and rpoS in various alleles) has been biochemically confirmed to be an alternate sigma transcription factor and renamed ~s. Its synthesis is controlled transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally by as yet undefined mechanisms that are active well into stationary phase, os controls a regulon of 30 or more genes expressed in response to starvation and during the transition to stationary phase. Proteins in the regulon, many of which have not been characterized, enhance long-term survival in nutrient-deficient medium and have a diverse group of functions including protection against DNA damage, the determination of morphological changes, the mediation of virulence, osmoprotection, and thermotolerance. Differential expression of subfamilies of genes within the regulon is effected by supplementary regulatory factors, working both individually and in combination to modulate activity of different ~S-dependent promoters.
Methods for evaluating the performance of diagnostic tests in the absence of a gold standard: a latent class model approach

In many areas of medical research, ‘gold standard’ diagnostic tests do not exist and so evaluating the performance of standardized diagnostic criteria or algorithms is problematic. In this paper we propose an approach to evaluating the operating characteristics of diagnoses using a latent class model. By defining ‘true disease’ as our latent variable, we are able to estimate sensitivity, specificity and negative and positive predictive values of the diagnostic test. These methods are applied to diagnostic criteria for depression using Baltimore's Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study Wave 3 data. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anterior Petrosectomy Approach to Infraclinoidal Basilar Artery Aneurysms: The Emerging Role of the Neuro‐otologist in Multidisciplinary Management of Basilar Artery Aneurysms

Aneurysms of the basilar artery are uncommon. Historically, because of the central location of these basilar lesions, surgical access has been difficult. Moreover, while this disease and its surgical management inherently carry a high risk of patient morbidity, the presence of neighboring vital neural and vascular structures introduces additional intraoperative challenges. Since 1986 we have employed a transpetrous approach for access to selective aneurysms involving the basilar artery. Removal of the petrous apex has provided an expanded deep window through which infraclinoidal basilar artery aneurysms can be controlled. Reported herein are our results utilizing an anterior petrosectomy approach to the management of infraclinoidal artery aneurysms.
A Method Based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Linear Programming for Investment Strategy

This article proposes a new ranking method for orde ring Triangular Intuitionistic Fuzzy Number (TIFN) based on area of b th membership and nonmembership parts of the number. Firstly, the member ship part is split into two regions. Then the area between the midpoints of the centroids of the membership part is calculated to order the TIFN. Later on, the same procedure is adopted to calculate the area of non-membership value also. Th is ranking procedure is applied to solve Intuitionistic Fuzzy Linear Progra mming Problem (IFLPP). The IFLPP, in which, the objective function may be maxi mization or minimization and/or the constraints may be equality or inequalit y is considered and demonstrated using Intuitionistic Fuzzy Dual Simple x Method. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate our new approac h.
Finite-time consensus for stochastic multi-agent systems

In this article, we study the finite-time consensus in probability for stochastic multi-agent systems. First, we give the nonlinear consensus protocol for multi-agent systems with Gaussian white noise, and define the concept of finite-time consensus in probability. Second, we prove that multi-agent systems can achieve the finite-time consensus in probability under five different kinds of communication topologies by using graph theory, stochastic Lyapunov theory and probability theory. Finally, some simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.