Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sources of Male and Female Students’ Belonging Uncertainty in the Computer Sciences

Belonging uncertainty, defined as the general concern about the quality of one’s social relationships in an academic setting, has been found to be an important determinant of academic achievement and persistence. However, to date, only little research investigated the sources of belonging uncertainty. To address this research gap, we examined three potential sources of belonging uncertainty in a sample of undergraduate computer science students in Germany (N = 449) and focused on (a) perceived affective and academic exclusion by fellow students, (b) domain-specific academic self-efficacy beliefs, and (c) perception of one’s individual performance potential compared to that of fellow students in the field. Perceived affective and academic exclusion by fellow students and domain-specific academic self-efficacy beliefs were significant predictors of female students’ uncertainty about belonging in computer science. The perception of one’s individual performance potential in comparison to that of fellow students, however, was a relevant predictor of both male and female students’ belonging uncertainty in computer science. Our findings imply an expanded view of the theoretical concept of belonging uncertainty that goes beyond mere concerns of social connectedness.
Training Deployable General Domain MT for a Low Resource Language Pair: English-Bangla

A large percentage of the world’s population speaks a language of the Indian subcontinent, what we will call here Indic languages, comprising languages from both Indo-European (e.g., Hindi, Bangla, Gujarati, etc.) and Dravidian (e.g., Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, etc.) families, upwards of 1.5 Billion people. A universal characteristic of Indic languages is their complex morphology, which, when combined with the general lack of sufficient quantities of high quality parallel data, can make developing machine translation (MT) for these languages difficult. In this paper, we describe our efforts towards developing general domain English–Bangla MT systems which are deployable to the Web. We initially developed and deployed SMT-based systems, but over time migrated to NMT-based systems. Our initial SMT-based systems had reasonably good BLEU scores, however, using NMT systems, we have gained significant improvement over SMT baselines. This is achieved using a number of ideas to boost the data store and counter data sparsity: crowd translation of intelligently selected monolingual data (throughput enhanced by an IME (Input Method Editor) designed specifically for QWERTY keyboard entry for Devanagari scripted languages), back-translation, different regularization techniques, dataset augmentation and early stopping.
Possible Macroeconomic Consequences of Large Future Federal Government Deficits

This paper uses a multicountry macroeconometric model to analyze possible macroeconomic consequences of large future U.S. federal government deficits. The analysis has the advantage of accounting for the endogeneity of the deficit. In the baseline run, which assumes no large tax increases or spending cuts and no bad dollar and stock market shocks, the debt/GDP ratio rises substantially through 2020. The estimates from this run are in line with other estimates. Various experiments off the baseline run are then performed. If the dollar depreciates, inflation increases, but the effect on the debt/GDP ratio is modest. It does not appear that the United States can inflate its way out of its debt problem. If U.S. stock prices fall, this makes matters worse since output is lower because of a negative wealth effect. Personal tax increases or transfer payment decreases of 3% of nominal GDP stabilize the debt/GDP ratio, at a cost of a real output loss of about 1.6% over the next decade. The Fed’s ability to offset these losses is modest according to the model. Introducing a national sales tax is more contractionary than is increasing personal income taxes or decreasing transfer payments.
Psychological Adjustment During Multiple Transitions Between Childhood and Adolescence

Based on the temporal framework of transition experiences, this study tested time-graded patterns of family resource effects on children’s and early adolescents’ psychological adjustment during a time of multiple transitions. Using data of a longitudinal study including 2,020 German children covering the age span between 8 and 12 (nboys = 1,035, ngirls = 985), internalizing and externalizing problems were predicted by parent-child relationship and family’s educational background in a multi-group structural equation model, applying time-lagged autoregressive models. The results showed positive resource effects especially through parent-child relationship. The gender-specific effect patterns over time supported the assumption of stronger resource effects when early puberty onset and secondary school transition co-occurred. Thus, it is important to provide support for this vulnerable group during times of multiple transitions.
A Novel User-Controlled Assisted Standing Control System for a Hybrid Neuroprosthesis

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious condition with 17,000 new cases each year and an estimated total of 282,000 people in the United States who have SCI. Some people with SCI who have paraplegia suffer from paralysis, muscle spasticity, bone changes, chronic pain and other problems. Active orthoses such as the ReWalk, EXPOS, and Ekso have improved the quality of life of people with SCI. The hybrid neuroprosthesis is an active orthosis that uses functional electrical stimulation (FES) at the quadriceps and has two main purposes: restoring mobility in people with SCI and providing physical therapy for the user outside of a clinical setting. To mobilize people with SCI, the neuroprosthesis must provide assisted movement for a sitting to standing motion. A standing control system developed by the Pitt Neuromuscular Control and Robotics Laboratory (NCRL) before this proposed system did not give enough control of the movement to the user and FES alone did not provide enough torque at the knees for standing. The NCRL neuroprosthesis was modified to include a harmonic gearmotor at the knees, a thumb joystick for user control, and a force sensing walker. A control system using a finite state machine (FSM) was designed to perform hybrid standing in the neuroprosthesis. The FSM is divided into 3 states and uses 5 separate controllers: a tracking controller for forward leaning during sitting, a tracking controller to synchronize the knees, a tracking controller to lock the knees during standing, a hip tracking controller, and openloop FES. Four experiments were performed on subjects to analyze control performance, power usage, and energy consumption during motors only and hybrid standing. A subject with SCI successfully performed several trials of hybrid standing. The controllers performed sufficiently accurately, and several minor control problems were fixed. The highest average energy consumption at the knee motors was 88.4 joules during experiment 1. The hybrid standing experiment demonstrated a modest energy reduction of 15% in a subject with SCI. The hybrid standing demonstrated a high energy reduction of 74% in the right knee in experiment 2, through hybrid actuation and a slower standing speed.
Examining Possible Relationships Between Sense of Community, Community Attachment, and Information Sharing Within an Urban Neighborhood

A survey of an urban neighborhood in Durham, NC, attempted to discern the residents’ current information sharing and receiving preferences and investigate possible associations in terms of their self-reported sense of connectedness to the community. Direct contacts with neighbors were found to be the most-used channels for receiving and sharing information, with the neighborhood listserv the next most-used, confirming findings from previous everyday life information-seeking (ELIS) studies. One of the findings showed that residents who scored highly on the Brief Sense of Community Scale (BSCS) were more willing to share and receive community-related information and participate in community activities, whereas the community attachment measure was inconclusive.
Psychotherapeutic depression interventions adapted for sexual and gender minority youth: A systematic review of an emerging literature

Abstract Sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) are disproportionately affected by mental health problems, including depression and suicidality. Recently, there has been increased interest in developing and adapting evidence-based treatments for depressive symptoms tailored to address the unique issues facing SGMY. This is the first systematic review of interventions targeting depressive symptoms that have been adapted for SGMY populations. Findings from these studies provide evidence in support of the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy for SGM-informed interventions for the treatment of depressive symptoms. Fully powered randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the efficacy of these adapted treatments prior to dissemination.
Fans for diversity? A Critical Race Theory analysis of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) supporters’ experiences of football fandom

ABSTRACT Over the last 20 years or so there has been a proliferation of anti-racist organisations, campaigns and interventions across football at all levels, allied to broader social, cultural and political shifts in late modern digital societies. Indeed, relying on certain statistical data, which reports a decline in racist incidents in stadia, might lead many anti-racist policymakers to champion liberal doctrines and to proclaim football fan cultures as quantitatively ‘less racist’. However, in this article, using Critical Race Theory as a guiding theoretical framework, throughout, we foreground the qualitative experiences and stories of BAME football fans to understand why football fandom and spectatorship remain predominantly ‘White’ activities. Using semi-structured interviews and observational techniques, we explore critically the continued significance of ‘race’ as a mediating factor in football fandom, how BAME football fans negotiate-resist belonging in football fandom cultures and the implications of BAME fans’ testimonies for policymakers. We conclude by arguing for an increase in intersectional research across football/football fan studies, to understand better the racialised aspects of football fandom, and we also urge scholars and policymakers, alike, to place greater emphasis on ‘trust building’ innovations, as opposed to ‘diversity’, given the latter has taken on a commercial value of late.
An Object Detection Method Using Invariant Feature Based on Local Hue Histogram in Divided Areas of an Object

In recent years, the decreasing birthrate and aging population are developing, and there is concern about the lack of labor power such as household chores and nursing care at home. Therefore, application of robot technology to the living field is expected. In the living field, Robots that support the lives of people are collectively referred to as life support robots. This robot is required to perform various tasks to support humans. Especially, the object detection task is important when people request the robot to transport and rearrange objects. However, when detecting an object from the camera mounted on the robot, detection becomes difficult because the detection environment is unspecified. Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and Color Indexing are widely known as object detection methods using two-dimensional information. However, these methods do not have robustness against all environmental changes. In this research, we focus on the invariant feature of the hue histogram in divided areas of an object and propose a highly accurate object detection method.
Investigating Changes in Real-time Conscious Postural Processing by Older Adults during Different Stance Positions Using Electroencephalography Coherence

ABSTRACT Background/Study Context: Adjustments of posture in response to balance challenges may lead to subsequent increases in conscious posture processing. If cognitive resources are stretched by conscious processing of postural responses fewer resources will be available to attend to environmental trip or fall hazards. The objective of the study was to explore brain activity related to conscious processing of posture as a function of movement specific reinvestment and fear of falling. Method: Forty-three older adults (M = 71.4, SD = 4.1) stood with a wide or narrow stance on a force-plate while neural coherence between verbal-analytical (T3) and motor planning (Fz) regions of the brain was assessed using electroencephalography. The propensity for movement specific reinvestment was assessed using the Chinese version Movement Specific Reinvestment Scale (MSRS-C) and fear of falling was assessed using the Chinese version Fall Efficacy Scale International (FES-I[CH]). Results: Scores from the MSRS-C were negatively correlated with changes in T3-Fz coherence that occurred when participants shifted from wide to narrow stance. Together, MSRS-C and FES-I(CH) uniquely predicted the percentage change in T3-Fz coherence between the two stance conditions. Conclusion: Presented with two postural tasks of different complexities, participants with a lower propensity for conscious control of their movements (movement specific reinvestment) exhibited larger changes in real-time brain activity (neural coherence) associated with conscious postural processing.
Strategies To Improve Performance and Stability for Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

This Perspective reviews the developments of tin-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) during the period 2014–2019 based on two organic cations (methylammonium vs formamidinium) and two device architectures (normal vs inverted) with the strategies of using cocations and coadditives. Unlike their lead-based analogues, tin-based PSCs suffer from the problems of Sn2+/Sn4+ oxidation and film formation. The current best cell is based on an inverted planar FASnI3 device with guanidinium as cocation, SnF2 as additive, and ethylenediammonium iodide as coadditive, which attains record efficiency near 10% with great stability. The device stability and performance might be further improved upon introducing bulky organic cations with a suitable coadditive to form a hybrid 2D/3D crystal structure. Considering the theoretical limit on device efficiency for tin-based PSCs to be ∼33%, there is much room for further performance improvement if the problems can be resolved according to the approaches discussed in this Perspec.
Suggestions for Improving the Country’s Master Plan for the Disabled People with Life-Sustaining Limitations

Individuals who are restricted in some movements, senses or functions for physical or mental reasons constitute a group of the society. In North Cyprus, these individuals and/or their familes are directly or indirectly confronted with various problems in society. Today this phenomenea can be perceived in areas like education, health, transportation accomodation, technology, informatics, social security, etc. The developmental level of a country is directly related to the efforts to solve the mentioned problems. The main aim of this study is to examine a conceptual framework for suggestions to increase the quality of services for the disabled in this context as well as putting forward action plans for the process of development and necessary changes. In this respect, all the studies done in the workshops after 2013 in North Cyprus to improve the services provided for the disabled with life-sustaining limitations are summarized and reported. In addition, the guidance in designing a detailed framework for the protection of the rights of the disabled and the suggestion of action plans to carry out their responsibilities are provided. Consequently, this study suggests the framework for participant planning process to support necesarry developments.
Poster: Flexible Function Estimation of IoT Malware Using Graph Embedding Technique

Most IoT malware is variants generated by editing and reusing parts of the functions based on publicly available source codes. In our previous study, we proposed a method to estimate the functions of a specimen using the Function Call Sequence Graph (FCSG), which is a directed graph of execution sequence of function calls. In the FCSG-based method, the subgraph corresponding to a malware functionality is manually created and called a signature-FSCG. The specimens with the signature-FSCG are expected to have the corresponding functionality. However, this method cannot detect the specimens with a slightly different subgraph from the signature-FSCG. This paper found that these specimens were supposed to have the same functionality for a signature-FSCG. These specimens need more flexible signature matching, and we propose a graph embedding technique to realize it.
Fostering awareness of self in the education of social work students by means of critical reflectivity

Fostering awareness of self in the education of social work students has focused primarily on a micro-conceptualisation of the self, which implies that the attention was, and still is, mainly on the intrapsychic processes brought about by theory and field practicum. The main argument is that the self should also encompass a macro-conceptualisation, where students have to ask themselves how they contribute to the maintenance of societal structures and how these structures influence them in the forming of their assumptions and belief systems about the self and the world. Three categories of critical-reflectivity questions asked about a parable on death and dying in a class discussion can sensitise students about the self as a product and a co-creator of society in the grieving process. These questions furthermore resonate an African-centred world view in the understanding of the self.
The benefits of collaboration and co-teaching in the elementary grades

Collaboration between educators is an older concept that has become popular again in recent years. Due to the recent federal and state mandates, schools are implementing new teaching methods to raise school achievement and benefit all students. When collaborating, special education students are generally included in the general education classroom with two teachers co-teaching to meet the needs of the students. This paper will explore the importance of collaboration between general education and special education teachers and the benefits to all learners in the classroom. This open access graduate research paper is available at UNI ScholarWorks: https://scholarworks.uni. edu/grp/886 THE BENEFITS OF COLLABORATION Collaboration AND CO-TEACHING IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES A Literature Review Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of Arts Katherine Kelley Hoover University of Northern Iowa December, 2007
Performance analysis of dynamic voltage restorer using modified sliding mode control

ABSTRACT Voltage sag is a major issue of power quality among utility and end users. Critical load is sensitive to voltage variation at its terminal. This happens when voltage variation is introduced as voltage sag in the source voltage to which the load is connected. In this paper, the authors have proposed a modified sliding mode control (SMC) method to control the voltage injection by the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) for regulating the terminal voltage of the critical load to restore its pre-sag value. SMC being independent of system parameters is a robust control. The paper discusses the design and working of control algorithm based on synchronous reference frame theory to generate reference voltages for DVR control. The performance results are obtained and validated by simulating the system in MATLAB software using Simulink and Power System Blocksets.
The Interpersonal Skills of Community-Engaged Scholarship: Insights From Collaborators Working at the University of Saskatchewan’s Community Engagement Office

Perhaps more clearly than other research approaches, community-based research or engaged scholarship involves both technical skills of research expertise and scientific rigor as well as interpersonal skills of relationship building, effective communication, and moral ways of being. In an academic age concerned with scientific precision, cognitive skills, quantification, and reliable measurements, the interpersonal skills required for research—and particularly community-based research and engaged scholarship—demand growing importance and resources in contemporary discourse and practice. Focused around the University of Saskatchewan’s Community Engagement Office located in the inner city of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, the authors draw on over 50 years of collective experience to offer critical reflections on the notion of interpersonal skills in community-engaged scholarship that manifest particularly in place-based contexts of Indigenous community partnerships. Overall, we argue that discourse and practice involving community-engaged scholarship must pay attention to the notion of interpersonal skills in various aspects and across multiple dimensions and disciplines. This approach is crucial to ensure that research is done effectively and ethically, that good quality data are produced from such research, that subtle, systematic forms of micro-aggression and oppression are minimized, and that community voices and knowledge have a meaningful and significant place in scholarship activities.
Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intentions of Secondary School Learners In Mamelodi South Africa

The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of entrepreneurial intention among secondary school learners in Mamelodi, South Africa. More specifically, the study aims to test whether the theory of planned behaviour can predict entrepreneurial intentions of secondary school learners in Mamelodi. Secondly, the study seeks to determine the effect of the media and status of entrepreneurship and knowledge of entrepreneurial support on entrepreneurial intentions of these learners. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a sample of 349 learners from 11 secondary high schools in Mamelodi. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection and SPSS Version 25 was used to analyse the data. Findings revealed that entrepreneurial intentions of secondary school learners were predicted by perceived behavioural control, attitude towards entrepreneurship and subjective norms. The media and status of entrepreneurship had a significant positive relationship with entrepreneurial intention, subjective norms, attitude towards entrepreneurship and perceived behavioural control. Knowledge of entrepreneurial support did not have a significant effect on entrepreneurial intention and the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention.
Interaction Quality in Norwegian ECEC for Toddlers Measured with the Caregiver Interaction Profile (CIP) Scales

ABSTRACT The core aspect within process quality is quality of interactions between caregivers and children. This article investigates six interaction skills of caregivers in ECEC groups for toddlers in Norway using the Caregiver Interaction Profile (CIP) scales. The participants are 110 teachers and 58 assistants in 111 toddler groups. Results show that caregivers score between moderate and adequate-to-good levels on the more basic interaction skills. For the more educational interaction skills, scores were mostly at the inadequate level. Comparing teachers and assistants, teachers score higher on respect for autonomy, structuring and limit setting, verbal communication, and developmental stimulation. In addition, correlations show that the CIP scores were differentially associated with several ITERS-R scales, which supports the applicability of the measure. Because of the overall moderate-to-low scores, there is a need for in-service training to improve the process quality of ECEC for toddlers.