Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maintaining Enterprise Resiliency via Kaleidoscopic Adaption and Transformation of Software Services (MEERKATS)

Abstract : We have designed, implemented, evaluated, and in some cases deployed a set of new technologies that add continuous change, deception, and unpredictability to cloud environments as a way to increase their resilience to a broad spectrum of threats. Our work makes significant advances along five major directions: (1) continuous migration technologies that can enable for the first time the swift migration of cloud-resident services and data either in response to an attack or continuously so as to present a moving-target defense; (2) cloud information flow tracking technologies that can track cloud-resident data at larger scales than ever before; (3) misinformation and decoy technologies that can automatically generate deceptive information - bogus information that appears genuine - so as to confuse, bait, and track attackers; (4) cloud monitoring and self-healing technologies that integrate information from many sensors to detect complex, multi-stage attacks; (5) stable multithreading technologies that reduce the security risks posed by concurrent programs by ensuring that programs take only a few pre-checked, safe schedules during execution; and (6) hardware-enhanced execution memoization techniques that enable efficient execution in highly replicated environments.
Vorticity in the solar photosphere

Aims We use magnetic and non-magnetic 3D numerical simulations of solar granulation and G-band radiative diagnostics from the resulting models to analyse the generation of small-scale vortex motions in the solar photosphere. Methods Radiative MHD simulations of magnetoconvection are used to produce photospheric models. Our starting point is a non-magnetic model of solar convection, where we introduce a uniform magnetic field and follow the evolution of the field in the simulated photosphere. We find two different types of photospheric vortices, and provide a link between the vorticity generation and the presence of the intergranular magnetic field. A detailed analysis of the vorticity equation, combined with the G-band radiative diagnostics, allows us to identify the sources and observational signatures of photospheric vorticity in the simulated photosphere. Results Two different types of photospheric vorticity, magnetic and non-magnetic, are generated in the domain. Non-magnetic vortices are generated by the baroclinic motions of the plasma in the photosphere, while magnetic vortices are produced by the magnetic tension in the intergranular magnetic flux concentrations. The two types of vortices have different shapes. We find that the vorticity is generated more efficiently in the magnetised model. Simulated G-band images show a direct connection between magnetic vortices and rotary motions of photospheric bright points, and suggest that there may be a connection between the magnetic bright point rotation and small-scale swirl motions observed higher in the atmosphere.
CALM - A Process Model of Category Generalization, Abstraction and Structuring

In this paper, we introduce CALM, a process model that is designed to abstract solutions in simple and complex category learning tasks. The model includes strong assumptions about the interaction of processes driving learning behavior, typically addressed in terms of feature attention, stimulus generalization, rule abstraction and knowledge partitioning. We present simulations of CALM, showing that the model can account both for systematic variations in Type II category difficulty, and for individual differences in extrapolation of an XOR category structure.
Fluoxetine alleviates cerebral ischemic injury by regulation of Notch 1 signaling pathway in rats

Cerebral ischemic disease is a severe disease that is detrimental to human health, the purpose of the study was to determine the protective role of fluoxetine and roles of Notch1 signaling pathway in adult ischemic rats. In our study, a total of forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomized divided into 4 groups: The sham-operated group (Group A), the MCAO group (Group B), the MCAO + fluoxetine group (Group C), and the MCAO + fluoxetine + DAPT (Notch 1 signal pathway inhibitor) group (Group D). Zea Longa score was performed to evaluate the nervous response on days 1, 14 and 28 after the operation. After the last behavioral assessment, the rats were anaesthetized and the brain tissue was harvested to detect the expression of NICD, Hes1, Hes5, Jag1 mRNA with Real Time-PCR, soft tissue samples extracted from the brain tissue were lysed to analyze the expression of NICD, Hes1, Hes5, Jag1. Alternatively, the rats were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde to evaluate NOTCH1 with immunohistochemistry in the brain. We found that Middle cerebral artery was occlusion (MCAO) could severely spoil the nervous functions; administration of fluoxetine alleviated the nervous damages significantly, while DAPT aggravated the motor function damage. Thecerebral ischemia due to MCAO decreased the NICD, Hes1, Hes5, Jag1 expression on both mRNA and protein level in brain tissue, combined with reduced Notch1 protein level, fluoxetine treatment upregulated the NICD, Hes1, Hes5, Jag1 mRNA level, and enhanced the concentration of NICD, Hes1, Hes5, Jag1 and Notch1 in brain tissue compared with the MCAO group, while DAPT downregulated the NICD, Hes1, Hes5, Jag1 mRNA level, combined with reduced concentration of NICD, Hes1, Hes5, Jag1 and Notch1 compared with the fluoxetine group. In summary, fluoxetine treatment can improve the motor function damage caused by cerebral ischemia; the underlying mechanism for the protective role might be modulation of Notch1 signaling pathway.
Aluminium plasmonics

We present an overview of ‘aluminium plasmonics’, i.e. the study of both fundamental and practical aspects of surface plasmon excitations in aluminium structures, in particular thin films and metal nanoparticles. After a brief introduction noting both some recent and historical contributions to aluminium plasmonics, we discuss the optical properties of aluminium and aluminium nanostructures and highlight a few selected studies in a host of areas ranging from fluorescence to data storage.
Cold trap dehydration in the Tropical Tropopause Layer characterised by SOWER chilled-mirror hygrometer network data in the Tropical Pacific

Abstract. A network of balloon-borne radiosonde observations employing chilled-mirror hygrometers for water and electrochemical concentration cells for ozone has been operated since the late 1990s in the Tropical Pacific to capture the evolution of dehydration of air parcels advected quasi-horizontally in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL). The analysis of this dataset is made on isentropes taking advantage of the conservative properties of tracers moving adiabatically. The existence of ice particles is diagnosed by lidars simultaneously operated with sonde flights. Characteristics of the TTL dehydration are presented on the basis of individual soundings and statistical features. Supersaturations close to 80% in relative humidity with respect to ice (RH ice ) have been observed in subvisible cirrus clouds located near the cold point tropopause at extremely low temperatures around 180 K. Although further observational evidence is needed to confirm the credibility of such high values of RH ice , the evolution of TTL dehydration is evident from the data in isentropic scatter plots between the sonde-observed mixing ratio (OMR) and the minimum saturation mixing ratio (SMR min ) along the back trajectories associated with the observed air mass. Supersaturation exceeding the critical value of homogeneous ice nucleation (OMR > 1.6 × SMR min ) is frequently observed on the 360 and 365 K surfaces indicating that cold trap dehydration is in progress in the TTL. The near correspondence between the two (OMR ~ SMR min ) at 380 K on the other hand implies that this surface is not sufficiently cold for the advected air parcels to be dehydrated. Above 380 K, cold trap dehydration would scarcely function while some moistening occurs before the air parcels reach the lowermost stratosphere at around 400 K where OMR is generally smaller than SMR min .
Genesis of hydrothermal K-feldspar (adularia) in an active geothermal environment at Wairakei, New Zealand

Summary Hydrothermal almost pure potassium feldspar (adularia) forms incrustations on fissured wall rocks in an active geothermal environment. Measured max. temperature, 265 °C, and concentration of K+ and Na+ cations in the geothermal fluid require K-feldspar and Na-feldspar to be deposited under equilibrium conditions. On fissure walls only K-feldspar is precipitated, whereas andesine phenocrysts of host rocks are replaced by both K-feldspar and Na-feldspar, and groundmass of host rock is replaced by K-feldspar. Optical data indicate that K-feldspar forming incrustations is partly monoclinic, partly triclinic. The triclinic material displays polysynthetic and ‘microcline’-like twinning, though X-ray diffractograms indicate only monoclinic structure. A primary origin for the triclinic adularia is postulated. Wairakei hydrothermal K-feldspar, max. 0·5 Myr old, is compared with Arkansas adularia 287 or 214 Myr old, also containing both monoclinic and triclinic material. The comparison suggests that, after crystallization, the structural state of adularia changes little, if at all, during geological time.
Corridor size variation in spatially explicit/implicit models

We propose spatially implicit models described by ordinary differential equations which inherit the information of spatial explicit metapopulation models described by reaction-diffusion partial differential equations. Numerical simulations confirm that the proposed implicit models can capture the qualitative features of the explicit ones and may reveal as an effective tool to extract predictive information through a further theoretical analysis. Key–Words:Habitat fragmentation, cyclic metapopulation dynamics, spatially implicit and implicit models.
EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAG ANALYSIS OF GENES EXPRESSED DURING DEVELOPMENT OF THE TROPICAL ABALONE HALIOTIS ASININA

Abstract The tropical abalone, Haliotis asinina, is an ideal species to investigate the molecular mechanisms that control development, growth, reproduction and shell formation in all cultured haliotids. Here we describe the analysis of 232 expressed sequence tags (EST) obtained from a developmental H. asinina cDNA library intended for future microarray studies. From this data set we identified 183 unique gene clusters. Of these, 90 clusters showed significant homology with sequences lodged in GenBank, ranging in function from general housekeeping to signal transduction, gene regulation and cell-cell communication. Seventy-one clusters possessed completely novel ORFs greater than 50 codons in length, highlighting the paucity of sequence data from molluscs and other lophotrochozoans. This study of developmental gene expression in H. asinina provides the foundation for further detailed analyses of abalone growth, development and reproduction.
An Interactive Information-Retrieval Method Based on Active Learning

Comprehending user demands through several human–computer interactions can effectively increase informationretrieval accuracy. Mainstream active learning algorithms use uncertainty sampling strategy. However, such algorithms cannot produce satisfactory results under few interactions. To improve interactive information-retrieval efficiency and accuracy, an sampling strategy based on the error-correcting capacity of samples was proposed for active learning. This strategy evaluated the expected value of unlabeled samples by calculating their potential error-correcting capacity associated with the classifier. Based on this sampling strategy, a fast interactive information-retrieval scheme adopting reinforcement learning and low-complexity classifier was designed in this study. The effects of three sampling strategies (random sampling, uncertainty sampling, and the proposed sampling strategy based on error-correcting capacity) on information-retrieval accuracy were examined using an experiment through a text set of Reuters-21578. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed sampling strategy achieved higher retrieval accuracy and stability than random and uncertainty samplings. The retrieval accuracy of the proposed scheme was approximately 1.6% higher than that of the sampling algorithm based on uncertainty strategy. The proposed scheme can be used for real-time information retrieval because of its low computational complexity. The production of this study can improve the accuracy and latency of interactive information-retrieval services.
Beryllium Abundances in F and G Dwarfs in Praesepe and Other Young Clusters from Keck HIRES Observations

The study of both Be and Li gives useful clues about stellar internal structure. Of particular interest is the study of these light elements in open clusters, which have a known age and metallicity. In this paper we present a study of Be abundances in 10 F-type stars in Praesepe and a comprehensive discussion about Be abundances in other open clusters: Hyades, Pleiades, α Per, Coma, and UMa. We have made observations of the doublet of Be II around 3130 Å in Praesepe stars, using the Keck I telescope and the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer (HIRES). Beryllium abundances were derived from the spectra using the spectrum synthesis method. We find four stars with definite Be depletion in the temperature range of the Li dip like we found in our previous cluster studies, notably for the Hyades and Coma clusters. Putting all the clusters together, we confirm the existence of a Be dip in a narrow temperature range for F stars. Beryllium depletion in this dip is less pronounced than Li depletion. For the cooler stars there is little or no Be depletion, even though there are large depletions of Li. For stars that have little or no Li depletion, A(Li) ≥ 3.0, the ratio Li/Be is 75 ± 4.6, compared to the meteoritic ratio of 77.6. For stars cooler than ~5900 K there appears to be little or no Be depletion, and the mean A(Be) is 1.30 ± 0.02. For these cooler stars within a given cluster there is no evidence for intrinsic star-to-star differences in A(Be), with the possible exception of the cool Pleiades stars. In the temperature range of the Li-Be dip, a strong correlation exists between Li and Be, consistent with the theory of rotationally induced mixing. Moreover, the slopes of the Li versus Be correlations are different depending on the temperature range. For the full sample of 42 stars between 5900 and 6650 K the slope is 0.43 ± 0.05 [where A(Li) is the abscissa]. The slope is 0.48 ± 0.08 for 6300 K < Teff < 6650 K and 0.30 ± 0.05 for 5900 K < Teff < 6300 K. For the Li plateau stars (the cooler subset), the slope is smaller as the impact of the increasing surface convection zone affects the mixing, thus depleting more Li relative to Be. The different behavior in Be depletion for clusters of different ages is consistent with the idea of slow mixing related to rotation during the main-sequence phase of evolution. The range in metallicity in this sample of clusters is only 0.2 dex, so it is difficult to discern any influence of metallicity on the Li-Be relationship; however, the mean A(Be) in the cooler Hyades stars (with [Fe/H] = +0.13) is 1.35 ± 0.02, which is higher than that for the Coma stars (with [Fe/H] = -0.09) of 1.26 ± 0.02 by 0.09 dex.
Mobile Interaction Design: Techniques for Early Stage In-Situ Design

The recent globalization of mobile technology and its overwhelming presence on everyday life through various societal groups and activities has raised its importance to unprecedented levels. Mobile devices’ diverse shapes, small size and distinctive characteristics impel their use in diverse and ubiquitous scenarios, cementing their presence within our work, social and entertainment activities. Accordingly, as they assume a greater meaning and a wider role of functionalities, a corresponding amount of new usage paradigms is also emerging. Consequentially, designers are increasingly faced with new design challenges, needing to cope with added difficulties of creating solutions for multiple contexts, users, purposes and new ubiquitous usage behaviours. Simultaneously, they need to cope with and leverage the small size factor and the peculiar or mixed interaction modalities (e.g., touch screen in concert with keyboard or voice) that define the trends of emerging mobile devices. Contrastingly, design problems for mobile devices, and corresponding solutions, have only recently begun to be partially and superficially addressed. Difficulties and challenges are spread through various stages of design. Three phases are particularly interesting: (1) requirements and data gathering on mobile contexts; (2) prototyping for small devices and (3) evaluation on real-world settings. Currently used approaches and existing methodologies still lack specific techniques to support design on such demanding conditions, hindering the design process and resulting in poor software regarding usability. Even recent approaches generally rely on simulations, lab experiences or derive directly from non-mobile techniques, colliding with studies that have clearly demonstrated the need to take the design process out of the lab when it comes to mobile devices. This book chapter focuses on these problems and discusses recent advances on mobile interaction design, reviewing existing attempts to overcome the added challenges brought by mobility, pervasiveness and mobile devices’ characteristics. As its main contribution, it identifies key concerns and issues brought by mobility, also presenting ways to complement current efforts and proposing new approaches that aim at overcoming existing challenges and problems. It introduces findings and work developed thus far, offering improvements and solutions that tackle out-of-the-lab design procedures and support in-situ participatory design and evaluation. These approaches are compiled within a User Centred Design (UCD) methodology that emphasizes initial stages of design and identifies techniques and
Designing and developing portable large-scale JavaScript web applications within the Experiment Dashboard framework

Improvements in web browser performance and web standards compliance, as well as the availability of comprehensive JavaScript libraries, provides an opportunity to develop functionally rich yet intuitive web applications that allow users to access, render and analyse data in novel ways. However, the development of such large-scale JavaScript web applications presents new challenges, in particular with regard to code sustainability and team-based work. We present an approach that meets the challenges of large-scale JavaScript web application design and development, including client-side model-view-controller architecture, design patterns, and JavaScript libraries. Furthermore, we show how the approach leads naturally to the encapsulation of the data source as a web API, allowing applications to be easily ported to new data sources. The Experiment Dashboard framework is used for the development of applications for monitoring the distributed computing activities of virtual organisations on the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid. We demonstrate the benefits of the approach for large-scale JavaScript web applications in this context by examining the design of several Experiment Dashboard applications for data processing, data transfer and site status monitoring, and by showing how they have been ported for different virtual organisations and technologies.
Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Active Suspension System of Nonlinear Full Car

In this paper, a full car model with seven degrees of freedom is established for the research of active suspension system, and a virtual prototype is built in Adams to compare and validate it, in particular. Then active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is applied for the control system. The suspension system is complex for its nonlinearities from the springs, dampers, and irregular excitations from road surface. This paper considers the nonlinear characteristics and complex behavior of real vehicles, and uses extended state observer (ESO) to estimate and eliminate them from the controlled system. After decoupling the full car system, three ADRC controllers are designed to balance the vertical vibration, rolling and pitching movement, respectively, thus producing four active control forces of each suspension by matrix transformation. The simulation results are compared with fuzzy PID controlled system, which show that ADRC has good performance over nonlinearities, perturbations and bounded uncertainties.
P‐35: Characterizing Laser Speckle and Its Effect on Target Detection

In this study we examine a power spectral density metric for characterizing laser speckle and predicting its effect on target detection. To evaluate the metric, we measured contrast energy thresholds on both a laser speckle background and backgrounds consisting of randomly modulated pixel luminance (i.e., pixel noise). We found that, at the same power spectral density levels, energy thresholds obtained for gratings superimposed on pixel noise were slightly higher than analogous thresholds obtained with laser‐speckle noise. In the discussion section, we outline necessary improvements to the laser speckle power spectral density metric.
Interturn Short-Circuit Faults in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines: An Extended Review and Comprehensive Analysis

This paper presents an extended review and recent advances in modeling and diagnosis of interturn short circuit (ITSC) faults in permanent magnet synchronous machines, supported with in-depth fault analysis. In the analysis part, the influence of the fault intensity on the machine’s parameters and performance is analyzed at various operating conditions through finite-element analysis, drive system models, and test bench measurements. The presented findings shed light on the fault signatures and factors that are affecting signature dynamics such as the fault intensity, operating conditions, resistance of the short-circuiting path, and controller action. Following the characterization of the ITSC fault, a detailed literature review on fault signature types and state-of-the art diagnosis methods are presented. The corresponding trends, shortcomings of current solutions, and potential research topics are discussed exhaustively.
Evaluation of carbon accrual in afforested agricultural soils

Afforestation of agricultural lands can provide economically and environmentally realistic C storage to mitigate for elevated CO2 until other actions such as reduced fossil fuel use can be taken. Soil carbon sequestration following afforestation of agricultural land ranges from losses to substantial annual gains. The present understanding of the controlling factors is inadequate for understanding ecosystem dynamics, modeling global change and for policy decision‐makers. Our study found that planting agricultural soils to deciduous forests resulted in ecosystem C accumulations of 2.4 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 and soil accumulations of 0.35 Mg C ha−1 yr−1. Planting to conifers showed an average ecosystem sequestration of 2.5 and 0.26 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 in the soils but showed greater field to field variability than when planted to deciduous forest. Path analysis showed that Ca was positively related to soil C accumulations for both conifers and deciduous afforested sites and played a significant role in soil C accumulations in these sites. Soil N increases were closely related to C accumulation and were two times greater than could be explained by system N inputs from atmospheric deposition and natural sources. Our results suggest that the addition of Ca to afforested sites, especially conifers, may be an economical means to enhance soil C sequestration even if it does not result in increasing C in aboveground pools. The mechanism of N accumulation in these aggrading stands needs further investigation.