Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implications of SARS-CoV-2-Associated Myocarditis in the Medical Evaluation of Athletes

Context: Myocarditis is a known cause of death in athletes. As we consider clearance of athletes to participate in sports during the COVID-19 pandemic, we offer a brief review of the myocardial effects of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) through the lens of what is known about myocarditis and exercise. All athletes should be queried about any recent illness suspicious for COVID-19 prior to sports participation. Evidence Acquisition: The PubMed database was evaluated through 2020, with the following keywords: myocarditis, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, cardiac, and athletes. Selected articles identified through the primary search, along with position statements from around the world, and the relevant references from those articles, were reviewed for pertinent clinical information regarding the identification, evaluation, risk stratification, and management of myocarditis in patients, including athletes, with and without SARS-CoV-2. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Results: Since myocarditis can present with a variety of symptoms, and can be asymptomatic, the sports medicine physician needs to have a heightened awareness of athletes who may have had COVID-19 and be at risk for myocarditis and should have a low threshold to obtain further cardiovascular testing. Symptomatic athletes with SARS-CoV-2 may require cardiac evaluation including an electrocardiogram and possibly an echocardiogram. Athletes with cardiomyopathy may benefit from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the recovery phase and, rarely, endocardial biopsy. Conclusion: Myocarditis is a known cause of sudden cardiac death in athletes. The currently reported rates of cardiac involvement of COVID-19 makes myocarditis a risk, and physicians who clear athletes for participation in sport as well as sideline personnel should be versed with the diagnosis, management, and clearance of athletes with suspected myocarditis. Given the potentially increased risk of arrhythmias, sideline personnel should practice their emergency action plans and be comfortable using an automated external defibrillator.
Properties of GaAs on Si grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Abstract For several years, there has been a great deal of activity in the growth of GaAs and other compounds on Si substrates for several reasons. Among them are the high quality, low cost, high thermal conductivity, and mechanical strength offered by Si substrates. For example, if we compare the cost of GaAs and Si wafers, the Si substrate can be regarded as free. Presently, 3 in. is the maximum GaAs wafer diameter in comparison to the current 8-in. and expected 10-in. Si wafer sizes. The growth of GaAs on such Si wafers is an advantageous way of growing GaAs on large-diameter wafers. But the second, and most exciting motivation for GaAs on Si, is the hybridization of Si and GaAs technologies on the same wafer. GaAs and Si technology are highly complementary and compatible. The advantage of Si over GaAs is its highly developed processing technology and the very high integration density of circuits available. The advantage of GaAs over Si is its intrinsically higher performance potential and its optical .
Pathogenicity (LD50) and antibiotics sensitivity tests of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from fishes of the Kainji Lake area

This study investigated the pathogenicity and antibiotics sensitivity of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from the Kainji Lake Area. Feral fishes were collected from sampling stations in the Lake Kainji using stratified random sampling and they included 240 Oreochromis niloticus, 120 Clarias gariepinus and 120 Heterotis niloticus while cultured 144 Oreochromis niloticus, 128 C. gariepinus and 128 H. niloticus were collected from 8 homestead fish farms within Kainji Lake area. A total of 18 A. hydrophila isolates proportionately and randomly selected were used to test for pathogenicity. The in vitro antibiotic susceptibility test of the isolates was determined using disc diffusion method. The pathogenicity of the isolates showed that 27.78% was virulent, 22.22% moderately virulent while 50% was avirulent strains of the A. hydrophila. Eighty percent (80%) of the virulent strains were isolated from cultured fish samples while 20% were from feral fishes. Isolates were most susceptible to gentamycin (73.3%), nitrifurantoin (66.7%), nalidixic acid (63.3%) and co-trimoxazole (53.3%) and most resistant to ampicillin (86.7%) and colistin (83.3%). Isolates from the cultured fishes were more resistant to antibiotic than the feral isolates. High percentage of antimicrobial resistance and emergence of multiple drug resistance among the A. hydrophila strains was observed.
Neuronal dynamics of signal selective motor plan cancellation in the macaque dorsal premotor cortex

Primates adopt various strategies to interact with the environment. Yet, no study has examined the effects of behavioral strategies with regard to how movement inhibition is implemented at the neuronal level. We modified a classical approach to study movement control (stop-task) by adding an extra signal – termed the Ignore signal – which influenced movement inhibition only under a specific strategy. We simultaneously recorded multisite neuronal activity from the dorsal premotor (PMd) cortex of macaque monkeys during a task and applied a state-space approach. As a result, we found that movement generation is characterized by neuronal dynamics that evolve between subspaces. When the movement is halted, this evolution is arrested and inverted. Conversely, when the Ignore signal is presented, inversion of the evolution is observed briefly and only when a specific behavioral strategy is adopted. Moreover, neuronal signatures during the inhibitory process were predictive of how PMd processes inhibitory signals, allowing the classification of the resulting behavioral strategy. Our data corroborate the PMd as a critical node in movement inhibition.
Construction of immune-related gene pairs signature to predict the overall survival of osteosarcoma patients

The purpose of this study is to establish the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients based on the characteristics of immune-related gene pairs. We used the lasso Cox regression model to construct and verify the signature consisting of 14 immune-related gene pairs. This signature can accurately predict the overall survival of osteosarcoma patients and is an independent prognostic factor for osteosarcoma patients. For this we constructed a signature-based nomogram. The results of the nomogram show that our signature can bring clinical net benefits. We then assessed the abundance of infiltrating immune cells in each sample, and combine the results of the gene set enrichment analysis of a single sample to explore the differences in the immune microenvironment between IRPG signature groups. The result of gene set enrichment analysis shows the strong relationship between signature and immune system. Finally, we evaluated the relationship between signature and immunotherapy efficiency using algorithms such as TIMI and SubMap to explore patients who might benefit from immunotherapy. In conclusion, our signature can predict the overall survival rate of osteosarcoma patients and provide potential guidance for exploring patients who may benefit from immunotherapy.
'Tiny numbers' are actually tiny: Evidence from gestures in the TV News Archive

We report a large-scale, quantitative investigation of manual gestures that speakers perform when speaking metaphorically about numerical quantities. We used the TV News Archive–an online database of over 2 million English language news broadcasts–to examine 681 videos in which 584 speakers used the phrase 'tiny number', 'small number', 'large number', or 'huge number', which metaphorically frame numerical quantity in terms of physical size. We found that the gestures speakers used reflect a number of different strategies to express the metaphoric size of quantities. When referring to greater versus lesser quantities, speakers were far more likely to gesture (1) with an open versus closed hand configuration, (2) with an outward versus inward movement, and (3) with a wider distance between the gesturing hands. These patterns were often more pronounced for the phrases containing more extreme adjectives ('tiny/huge number'). However, we did not find that speakers performed two-handed versus one-handed gestures. Nor did we find that speakers performed right-handed versus left-handed gestures, when referring to greater versus lesser quantities. Overall, this work supports the claim that metaphoric thought is involved in the production of verbal metaphors that describe numerical magnitudes. It demonstrates that size-based numerical associations observed in previous lab experiments are active in real-life communication outside the lab.
Secondary Functions of Arginine and Sulfur Amino Acids in Poultry Health: Review

Simple Summary Historically, studies with amino acids have focused on protein synthesis and accretion, especially with eggs and meat, whereas less importance has been given to their secondary functions on the metabolism. However, certain amino acids, such as arginine, methionine, and cysteine are precursors for other essential molecules in the immune defense, antioxidant system, cell signaling, and gene expression, and can act as regulators in the growth and development of the animals. Because poultry are subjected to stressful conditions throughout their lives, the use of these amino acids and their secondary functions could beneficiate their general health. This review describes the metabolism of arginine, methionine, and cysteine and how they modulate different tissues, especially during challenging conditions. Arginine supplementation has been shown to modulate musculoskeletal health development, reduce fat accretion, and improve the antioxidant system. Moreover, methionine and cysteine could improve the bone development and have a potential in mitigating the negative effects caused by heat stress. Understanding how these amino acids can ameliorate stressful conditions may provide novel insights about their use as nutritional strategies to modulate the health status of chickens. Abstract Amino acids such as arginine, methionine, and cysteine are the precursors of essential molecules that regulate growth and health, being classified as functional amino acids. This review describes the metabolism of arginine and the sulfur amino acids and how they modulate, directly or indirectly, different tissues. Emphasis is placed on their effects in supporting health during challenging conditions, such as heat stress and Eimeria infection. The use of arginine has been shown to reduce abdominal fat pad in ducks and increase lean tissue and bone mineral density in broilers. Additionally, the sulfur amino acids have been shown to improve bone development and are beneficial during heat stress. The use of L-methionine increased the cortical and trabecular bone mineral densities, in laying hens. Moreover, the dietary inclusion of these amino acids could reduce the damage caused by Eimeria spp. infection by regulating the antioxidant system and cell repair. Understanding how these amino acids can mitigate stressful conditions may provide us novel insights of their use as nutritional strategies to modulate the health status of chickens.
Efficacy of Applying Hyaluronic Acid Gels in the Primary Prevention of Intrauterine Adhesion after Hysteroscopic Myomectomy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Intrauterine adhesion (IUA), which mainly occurs after intrauterine surgery or an inflammatory process, is an important but often neglected condition in women of reproductive age. The presentation of IUA varies greatly, ranging from symptom-free to severe, with amenorrhea or infertility. With much advanced development of intrauterine instruments, more intrauterine diseases can be successfully cured by hysteroscopic surgery. Among these, submucosal myoma is one of the best examples. Submucosal myomas are often related to abnormal bleeding, anemia, and possible infertility or miscarriage. However, submucosal myoma after hysteroscopic myomectomy may be complicated by IUA in various grades of severity, and its incidence and prevalence might be nearly one-quarter to one-third of patients, suggesting an urgent need for efforts to decrease the risk of developing IUA after hysteroscopic myomectomy. Many strategies have been reported to be useful for this purpose, and intrauterine application of anti-adhesive gels, such as polyethylene oxide–sodium carboxymethylcellulose (PEO-NaCMC) or auto-crosslinked hyaluronic acid (ACHA), has become increasingly popular in routine clinical practice. This meta-analysis is aimed at investigating the effect of ACHA on the primary prevention of IUA formation after hysteroscopic myomectomy. A pooled analysis of three studies (hysteroscopic surgeries for fibroids, polyps, and septum) including 242 women showed that using PEO-NaCMC or ACHA gel decreased the IUA rate with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.364 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.189–0.703, p = 0.03). Pooled analysis of two studies that limited the use of ACHA in 119 women showed that the application of ACHA gel for the primary prevention of IUA in patients after hysteroscopic myomectomy led to a statistically significant reduction of the development of IUA postoperatively (OR 0.285, 95% CI 0.116–0.701, p = 0.006). All of this suggests that the use of ACHA gel in patients after hysteroscopic myomectomy could significantly reduce de novo IUA, although more evidence is needed.
Greater dapivirine release from the dapivirine vaginal ring is correlated with lower risk of HIV‐1 acquisition: a secondary analysis from a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial

A vaginal ring containing 25 mg of the antiretroviral dapivirine has demonstrated efficacy in reducing women’s risk of sexually acquiring HIV‐1; however, imperfect ring use likely diluted efficacy estimates in clinical trials. The amount of dapivirine remaining in returned rings may reflect the extent of product use, permitting estimation of HIV protection in the context of consistent use.
Language experience in LSF development: Behavioral evidence from a sentence repetition task

In psycholinguistics and clinical linguistics, the Sentence Repetition Task (SRT) is known to be a valuable tool to screen general language abilities in both spoken and signed languages. This task enables users to reliably and quickly assess linguistic abilities at different levels of linguistic analysis such as phonology, morphology, lexicon, and syntax. To evaluate sign language proficiency in deaf children using French Sign Language (LSF), we designed a new SRT comprising 20 LSF sentences. The task was administered to a cohort of 62 children– 34 native signers (6;09–12 years) and 28 non-native signers (6;08–12;08 years)–in order to study their general linguistic development as a function of age of sign language acquisition (AOA) and chronological age (CA). Previously, a group of 10 adult native signers was also evaluated with this task. As expected, our results showed a significant effect of AOA, indicating that the native signers repeated more signs and were more accurate than non-native signers. A similar pattern of results was found for CA. Furthermore, native signers made fewer phonological errors (i.e., handshape, movement, and location) than non-native signers. Finally, as shown in previous sign language studies, handshape and movement proved to be the most difficult parameters to master regardless of AOA and CA. Taken together, our findings support the assumption that AOA is a crucial factor in the development of phonological skills regardless of language modality (spoken vs. signed). This study thus constitutes a first step toward a theoretical description of the developmental trajectory in LSF, a hitherto understudied language.
The Novel Phosphate and Bile Acid Sequestrant Polymer SAR442357 Delays Disease Progression in a Rat Model of Diabetic Nephropathy

As a gut-restricted, nonabsorbed therapy, polymeric bile acid sequestrants (BAS) play an important role in managing hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. Similarly, nonabsorbable sequestrants of dietary phosphate have been used for the management of hyperphosphatemia in end-stage renal disease. To evaluate the potential utility of such polymer sequestrants to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its associated renal and cardiovascular complications, we synthesized a novel polymeric sequestrant, SAR442357, possessing optimized bile acid (BA) and phosphate sequestration characteristics. Long-term treatment of T2D obese cZucker fatty/Spontaneously hypertensive heart failure F1 hybrid (ZSF1) with SAR442357 resulted in enhanced sequestration of BAs and phosphate in the gut, improved glycemic control, lowering of serum cholesterol, and attenuation of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression. In comparison, colesevelam, a BAS with poor phosphate binding properties, did not prevent DKD progression, whereas losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker that is widely used to treat DKD, showed no effect on hyperglycemia. Analysis of hepatic gene expression levels of the animals treated with SAR442357 revealed upregulation of genes responsible for the biosynthesis of cholesterol and BAs, providing clear evidence of target engagement and mode of action of the new sequestrant. Additional hepatic gene expression pathway changes were indicative of an interruption of the enterohepatic BA cycle. Histopathological analysis of ZSF1 rat kidneys treated with SAR442357 further supported its nephroprotective properties. Collectively, these findings reveal the pharmacological benefit of simultaneous sequestration of BAs and phosphate in treating T2D and its associated comorbidities and cardiovascular complications. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A new nonabsorbed polymeric sequestrant with optimum phosphate and bile salt sequestration properties was developed as a treatment option for DKD. The new polymeric sequestrant offered combined pharmacological benefits including glucose regulation, lipid lowering, and attenuation of DKD progression in a single therapeutic agent.
Structural insights into the tropomodulin assembly at the pointed ends of actin filaments

Tropomodulins are a family of important regulators of actin dynamics at the pointed ends of actin filaments. Four isoforms of tropomodulin, Tmod1‐Tmod4, are expressed in vertebrates. Binding of tropomodulin to the pointed end is dependent on tropomyosin, an actin binding protein that itself is represented in mammals by up to 40 isoforms. The understanding of the regulatory role of the tropomodulin/tropomyosin molecular diversity has been limited due to the lack of a three‐dimensional structure of the tropomodulin/tropomyosin complex. In this study, we mapped tropomyosin residues interacting with two tropomyosin‐binding sites of tropomodulin and generated a three‐dimensional model of the tropomodulin/tropomyosin complex for each of these sites. The models were refined by molecular dynamics simulations and validated via building a self‐consistent three‐dimensional model of tropomodulin assembly at the pointed end. The model of the pointed‐end Tmod assembly offers new insights in how Tmod binding ensures tight control over the pointed end dynamics.
From antiferromagnetic and hidden order to Pauli paramagnetism in UM2Si2 compounds with 5f electron duality

Significance The interplay of band-formation and electron-correlation effects in uranium heavy fermion compounds is the subject of an ongoing debate. Here unexpected insight has been gained from advanced spectroscopies on isostructural members of the UM2Si2 family with different properties. The antiferromagnetic (M = Pd,Ni), hidden order (M = Ru), and Pauli-paramagnetic (M = Fe) compounds all exhibit atomic-like U 5f2 multiplet states with singlet–singlet (quasi-doublet) symmetry while the U 5f3 weight increases from Pd→Ni→Ru→Fe, indicating increasing itineracy. This reveals the dual nature of the U-5f electrons throughout the family; the local aspects persist in the hidden-order compound URu2Si2 and surprisingly even in the highly itinerant Pauli paramagnet UFe2Si2. This study gives guidelines for the theoretical treatment of U intermetallic systems. Using inelastic X-ray scattering beyond the dipole limit and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy we establish the dual nature of the U 5f electrons in UM2Si2 (M = Pd, Ni, Ru, Fe), regardless of their degree of delocalization. We have observed that the compounds have in common a local atomic-like state that is well described by the U 5f2 configuration with the Γ1(1) and Γ2 quasi-doublet symmetry. The amount of the U 5f3 configuration, however, varies considerably across the UM2Si2 series, indicating an increase of U 5f itineracy in going from M = Pd to Ni to Ru and to the Fe compound. The identified electronic states explain the formation of the very large ordered magnetic moments in UPd2Si2 and UNi2Si2, the availability of orbital degrees of freedom needed for the hidden order in URu2Si2 to occur, as well as the appearance of Pauli paramagnetism in UFe2Si2. A unified and systematic picture of the UM2Si2 compounds may now be drawn, thereby providing suggestions for additional experiments to induce hidden order and/or superconductivity in U compounds with the tetragonal body-centered ThCr2Si2 structure.
Oncolytic Adenovirus in Cancer Immunotherapy

Simple Summary Oncolytic adenoviruses are engineered to selectively replicate in and destroy cancer tissue. Moreover, these viruses are promising tools to restore antitumor immune response in cancer patients due to their high immunogenicity and the ability to interfere with the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Due to these characteristics, oncolytic adenoviruses can activate tumors for already existing, systemic immunotherapies. The goal of this review is to provide an introduction into the common concepts of oncolytic adenoviruses, and to present their current status in clinical development. We also want to report in detail on strategies to optimize the immunoactivating properties of these agents for future application in multistage cancer immunotherapies. Abstract Tumor-selective replicating “oncolytic” viruses are novel and promising tools for immunotherapy of cancer. However, despite their first success in clinical trials, previous experience suggests that currently used oncolytic virus monotherapies will not be effective enough to achieve complete tumor responses and long-term cure in a broad spectrum of cancers. Nevertheless, there are reasonable arguments that suggest advanced oncolytic viruses will play an essential role as enablers of multi-stage immunotherapies including established systemic immunotherapies. Oncolytic adenoviruses (oAds) display several features to meet this therapeutic need. oAds potently lyse infected tumor cells and induce a strong immunogenic cell death associated with tumor inflammation and induction of antitumor immune responses. Furthermore, established and versatile platforms of oAds exist, which are well suited for the incorporation of heterologous genes to optimally exploit and amplify the immunostimulatory effect of viral oncolysis. A considerable spectrum of functional genes has already been integrated in oAds to optimize particular aspects of immune stimulation including antigen presentation, T cell priming, engagement of additional effector functions, and interference with immunosuppression. These advanced concepts have the potential to play a promising future role as enablers of multi-stage immunotherapies involving adoptive cell transfer and systemic immunotherapies.