Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anomaly Detection for Noisy Data with the Mahalanobis–Taguchi System

Purpose: Condition-based maintenance requires an accurate detection of unknown yet-to-have-occurred anomalies and the establishment of anomaly detection procedure for sensor data is urgently needed. Sensor data are noisy, and a conventional analysis cannot always be conducted appropriately. An anomaly detection procedure for noisy data was therefore developed. Methodology/Approach: In a conventional Mahalanobis–Taguchi method, appropriate anomaly detection is difficult with noisy data. Herein, the following is applied: 1) estimation of a statistical model considering noise, 2) its application to anomaly detection, and 3) development of a corresponding analysis framework. Findings: Engineers can conduct anomaly detection through the measurement and accumulation, analysis, and feedback of data. Especially, the two-step estimation of the statistical model in the analysis stage helps because it bridges technical knowledge and advanced anomaly detection. Research Limitation/implication: A novel data-utilisation design regarding the acquired quality is provided. Sensor-collected big data are generally noisy. By contrast, data targeted through conventional statistical quality control are small but the noise is controlled. Thus various findings for quality acquisition can be obtained. A framework for data analysis using big and small data is provided. Originality/Value of paper: The proposed statistical anomaly detection procedure for noisy data will improve of the feasibility of new services such as condition-based maintenance of equipment using sensor data.
Diterpenoids from Leaves of Cultivated Plectranthus ornatus

Abstract Two new diterpenoid derivatives 7α,12β,17-triacetoxy-6β,19-dihydroxy-13β,16-spirocicloabiet-8-ene-11,14-dione (1) and 6β-acetoxy-3β,7α,12α-trihydroxy-13β,16-spirocicloabiet-8-ene-11,14-dione (2) along with 11 (3–13) miscellaneous compounds were isolated from the leaves of Plectranthus ornatus Codd. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and gauge independent atomic orbitals 13C NMR calculations. The isolated compounds were screened for their effects on intestinal motility using guinea-pig ileum and duodenum and by their cytotoxicity against 4 human cancer cell lines (HCT-116, SF-295, PC-3, and HL-60). Compounds 6 and 9 were moderately cytotoxic against HL-60, whereas 6 and 13 were more active on SF-295 and HCT-116.
Simulating ionosphere parameters by thermosphere-ionosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model

Ionosphere region is the part of atmosphere layer where radio waves reflect for telecommunication. This is due to its composition in particles. Solar radiation hit particles in ionosphere. This phenomenon causes an ionization of particles in the ionosphere. According to the particles density in this region, radio waves emitted in telecommunication can pass through this region or be reflected. The ionization of ionosphere depends on solar cycle phase, season, and local time that are all closely linked to solar activity. Many models are developed to carry out ionosphere parameters. They are all focused to find a better approach of ionosphere behavior. The present study uses Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) to investigate ionosphere region, during solar maximum and minimum phases. The critical frequency of F2-layer (foF2) and the total electron content (TEC) parameters are carried out by running the model. The values of the parameters are represented on a three-axis graph to give an overview of their time profiles. The seasonal and annual results obtained from this study show a good correlation between TIEGCM and International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model predictions in the same conditions. The study confirms that particles density in ionosphere behaves as an obstacle for waves transmission. During solar maximum, characterized by a high solar activity, ionization of ionosphere is higher than that at solar minimum. This is similar to what is observed between nighttime and daytime. The study also highlights the “winter anomaly” phenomenon. Key words: Thermosphere-Ionosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model (TIEGCM), international reference ionosphere (IRI), solar cycle phase, solar activity, critical frequency of F2-layer (foF2), total electron content (TEC).
Determination of Volatile Fuel Oxygenates in Water by Gas Chromatography–Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry: Effect of Automated Sample Preparation Techniques

Considering the adverse effects of gasoline additives and aromatic compounds on the quality of the water supply and the ecological environment of the water, a methodology, with short chromatographic separation time (22.5 min) and high separation quality, was optimized for the determination of 11 common gasoline additives and aromatic compounds using gas chromatograph coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC–QqQ–MS/MS) system. The extraction procedure of analytes was performed by headspace solid–phase microextraction (HS–SPME) and purge and trap (P&T), respectively. Both of the two extraction methods provided excellent chromatographic resolution in subsequently GC–QqQ–MS/MS detection system, with the coefficients of linear regression of the calibration curves with HS–SPME and P&T pretreatments were 0.9965~0.9998 and 0.9961~0.9999, respectively, n = 7. The limit of detections (LODs) of these selected oxygenate compounds were discovered to be 0.52~32 ng/L in the P&T–GC–QqQ–MS/MS detection system and 0.11~151 ng/L in the HS–SPME–GC–QqQ–MS/MS detection system. For benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers (BTEX), the HS–SPME–GC–QqQ–MS/MS system provided outstanding detection performance because of the lower LOD obtained. However, for other selected compounds, the P&T–GC–QqQ–MS/MS system offered lower LODs. The proposed extraction–detection procedure is a simple and sensitive analytical approach for the detection of gasoline additives and aromatic compounds in water.
Supervision, support and professional development for newly qualified social workers in Aotearoa New Zealand

INTRODUCTION: Many social work professional bodies and regulators mandate regular supervision and professional development. Supervision is believed to support continuing development of professional skills, safeguarding of competent and ethical practice, oversight of the practitioner’s work for adherence to organisational expectations, and support for practitioner wellbeing. METHOD: Phase two of the Enhancing the Readiness to Practice of Newly Qualified Social Workers (Enhance R2P) project employed a mixed methods study (surveys and interviews) to explore how well prepared newly qualified social workers (NQSWs) are, in their first two years of practice, to enter professional social work. A survey of managers/supervisors and NQSWs in Aotearoa New Zealand about the readiness to practise of recent graduates was conducted. FINDINGS: Questions about supervision and professional development were included in the survey and in interviews with both NQSWs and supervisors/managers. Around half of NQSWs were supervised at least once every two weeks, but another half were supervised monthly or less frequently. Observation of practice by supervisors was either very infrequent or entirely absent from the professional development of NQSWs. IMPLICATIONS : Study findings revealed great variability in the formal supervision and other supports available for NQSWs which may impact on retention and practitioner wellbeing. More integrated systems of supervision, peer support and planned professional development are needed.
Dynamics of Spontaneous (Multi) Centennial‐Scale Variations of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Strength During the Last Interglacial

Recent reconstructions of bottom water δ13C during the last interglacial (LIG) suggest short‐lived variability in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Spontaneous (multi) centennial‐scale variability of the AMOC simulated in the Earth system model of intermediate complexity iLOVECLIM are investigated for that period. The model simulates abrupt AMOC transitions occurring at 300 years frequency and correspond to a switch of the AMOC vigor between a strong (∼17 Sv) and a weak (∼11 Sv) state. The onset of these abrupt transitions is associated with changes in orbital forcings resulting in the decline of summer insolation in the high latitudes of the North Atlantic and affecting the sea ice cover in two key deep convection regions: (1) the northern Nordic Seas (NNS) and (2) the northwest North Atlantic (NWNA). Northward inflow of Atlantic surface water increases the convection depth in (1) and strengthens the Greenland Iceland Norway (GIN) Seas overturning circulation. Subsequent ocean‐atmosphere interactions involving sea ice, ocean heat release, anomalies of evaporation‐precipitation, and wind stress over the Nordic Seas lead also to an increase in deep convection in (2), followed by increase in the AMOC strength.
Novel dual‐band circularly polarized slot antenna with asymmetrical stubs

In this paper, we propose a slot antenna with circularly polarized (CP) characteristics in two frequency bands. The proposed antenna consists of a square wide slot with a square patch in the center and a pair of stubs for radiator asymmetry. The proposed antenna shows right‐hand CP characteristics at 1.88 GHz and left‐hand CP characteristics at 4.41 GHz. The proposed antenna has measured impedance bandwidths of 24.3% (1.77‐2.26 GHz) and 33.4% (3.84‐5.38 GHz) in the lower and upper bands, respectively. The measured 3‐dB axial‐ratio bandwidths are 4.4% (1.78‐1.86 GHz) and 7.9% (4.25‐4.6 GHz), respectively. Details of the design considerations of the proposed antenna are described and experimental results for its dual‐band CP performance are presented and discussed.
Potential of a synthetic predatory cue in reducing damage caused by Rattus rattus

Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess the potential of synthetic predatory cue containing sulphurous odours as an area repellent to reduce rodent damage. Groups of mature Rattus rattus of both sexes were exposed to 0.5%, 1% and 2% concentrations of 2,4,5-trimethylthiazole (TMTZ), a synthetic predatory cue, applied through cotton swab under laboratory and simulated indoor store conditions. Laboratory experiment revealed lower food consumption by rats from the treated side of chamber compared to the untreated side at all three concentrations of TMTZ exposed once in a week with up to 61.70% and 67.90% repellency in male and female rats, respectively. Daily exposure of TMTZ resulted in up to 84.90% repellency in males and 76.70% in females. Under simulated store conditions, 1% TMTZ exposed once completely prevented damage to treated bags containing wheat grains for up to 12 days in male and 14 days in female rats indicating sex-specific differences in response towards TMTZ. The present study suggests the potential of TMTZ in reducing damage caused by R. rattus under indoor storage conditions.
Dry etching strategy of spin-transfer-torque magnetic random access memory: A review

The spin-based memory, spin transfer torque-magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM), has the potential to enhance the power efficiency of high density memory systems. Its desirable characteristics include nonvolatility, fast operation, and long endurance. However, dry etching of MRAM structures remains a challenge as the industry is ramping up its production. In this paper, we explore the etching strategies that have been used to etch the MRAM structures. Several etching techniques have been developed to attain optimal device performance. These are reactive ion etching, time modulated plasma etching, atomic layer etching, and ion beam etching. Sidewall profile, sidewall contamination or damage, redeposition, selectivity, and noncorrosiveness are the main factors to consider while selecting the best etching methods. This paper starts with the fundamentals of MRAM reading, writing, and storing principles and finishes with the current approaches to solve the etch challenges. For etching, the most commonly used magnetic materials such as CoFeB, CoFe, and NiFe are covered in this article.
Effect of substrate temperature on the oxidation behaviour of NiCrAlY coating

NiCrAlY coating was deposited on the IN-738LC Ni-based superalloy by cathodic arc deposition at the substrate temperatures of 400°C and 700°C. The effects of the substrate temperature on the microstructure and the isothermal oxidation behaviour of the coatings were then investigated. SEM image and XRD analysis were used to characterize the deposited coatings. It was found that when the substrate temperature was raised from 400°C to 700°C, the degree of coating crystallinity was increased from 23% to 58%. After the 20-hr oxidation at 1000°C in air, the γ′-depletion layer was formed in the substrate. The growth rate constants of the γ′-depletion layer after the 100-hr oxidation were 1.3 10−4 μm (sb)−1 and 6.4 10−5 μm (sb)−1 for the deposited coatings at 400°C and 700°C, respectively. The results, therefore, indicated that with increasing the substrate temperature from 400°C to 700°C, the oxidation resistance was improved.
Low Water Outgassing from (24) Themis and (65) Cybele: 3.1 μm Near-IR Spectral Implications

Asteroids (24) Themis and (65) Cybele have an absorption feature at 3.1 μm reported to be directly linked to surface water ice. We searched for water vapor escaping from these asteroids with the Herschel Space Observatory Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared. While no H2O line emission was detected, we obtain sensitive 3σ water production rate upper limits of Q(H2O) < 4.1 × 1026 molecules s−1 for Themis and Q(H2O) < 7.6 × 1026 molecules s−1 for Cybele. Using a thermophysical model, we merge data from the Subaru/Cooled Mid-Infrared Camera and Spectrometer and the Herschel/Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver with the contents of a multi-observatory database to derive new radiometric properties for these two asteroids. For Themis, we find a thermal inertia J m−2 s−1/2 K−1, a diameter km, and a geometric V-band albedo pV = 0.07 ± 0.01. For Cybele, we obtain a thermal inertia J m−2 s−1/2 K−1, a diameter 282 ± 9 km, and an albedo pV = 0.042 ± 0.005. Using all inputs, we estimate that water ice intimately mixed with the asteroids’ dark surface material would cover <0.0017% (for Themis) and <0.0033% (for Cybele) of their surfaces, while an areal mixture with very clean ice (Bond albedo 0.8 for Themis and 0.7 for Cybele) would cover <2.2% (for Themis) and <1.5% (for Cybele) of their surfaces. While surface (and subsurface) water ice may exist in small localized amounts on both asteroids, it is not the reason for the observed 3.1 μm absorption feature.
Translation, reliability and validity of the Greek functional mobility scale (FMS) for children with cerebral palsy

Abstract Purpose To translate and investigate the reliability and validity of the Greek version of the Functional Mobility Scale (FMS). Methods FMS was translated into Greek. Test-retest reliability (Cohen’s weighted kappa coefficient, κw ) and concurrent validity (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, rs) of the Greek version of FMS were assessed in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Sixty children (mean age 7.82 ± 3.20 years) were recruited. Physical therapists administered the FMS by interviewing parents about their children’s mobility status. The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) was additionally used for testing concurrent validity. Results The translation of the FMS was deemed easy to understand and administer. The Greek FMS was demonstrated to have almost perfect test-retest reliability (κw =0.98–1.00), and very strong correlation with the GMFCS (–0.85 ≤ rs ≤ −0.89, p < 0.001). Conclusions The Greek version of the FMS was shown to be a reliable and valid classification system for CP and can be used with confidence by Greek physical therapists. Implications for rehabilitation The FMS provides a very simple and practical outcome measure of functional mobility in children with CP. The use of the reliable and valid Greek FMS will enhance the physical therapy assessment process in the Greek population, by offering the feasibility to detect the motor performance changes in children with CP as they grow or following interventions. The current study renders the Greek FMS available for utilization by physical therapists in order to quantify the independent mobility in children with CP.
Atmospheric Simulations of Total Column CO2 Mole Fractions from Global to Mesoscale within the Carbon Monitoring System Flux Inversion Framework

Quantifying the uncertainty of inversion-derived CO2 surface fluxes and attributing the uncertainty to errors in either flux or atmospheric transport simulations continue to be challenges in the characterization of surface sources and sinks of carbon dioxide (CO2). Despite recent studies inferring fluxes while using higher-resolution modeling systems, the utility of regional-scale models remains unclear when compared to existing coarse-resolution global systems. Here, we present an off-line coupling of the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to optimized biogenic CO2 fluxes and mole fractions from the global Carbon Monitoring System inversion system (CMS-Flux). The coupling framework consists of methods to constrain the mass of CO2 introduced into WRF, effectively nesting our regional domain covering most of North America (except the northern half of Canada) within the CMS global model. We test the coupling by simulating Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) column-averaged dry-air mole fractions (XCO2) over North America for 2010. We find mean model-model differences in summer of ∼0.12 ppm, significantly lower than the original coupling scheme (from 0.5 to 1.5 ppm, depending on the boundary). While 85% of the XCO2 values are due to long-range transport from outside our North American domain, most of the model-model differences appear to be due to transport differences in the fraction of the troposphere below 850 hPa. Satellite data from GOSAT and tower and aircraft data are used to show that vertical transport above the Planetary Boundary Layer is responsible for significant model-model differences in the horizontal distribution of column XCO2 across North America.
Value Relevance of Accounting Information in the Presence of Earnings Management

This study examines the value relevance of accounting information. This study investigates whether accounting information has impact on the share prices. In addition, it examines whether earnings management moderates the value relevance of accounting information to the market. Accounting information in this study consists of earnings, book value of equity, and cash flows, and the earnings management is proxied by discretionary accruals measured using the performance-adjusted modified Jones model. Using time series analysis, there are 98 samples of listed manufacturing corporations used in this study during 2014 which is the period of this study. The results show that earnings, book value of equity, and cash flows simultaneously affect the share prices, meaning that accounting information is value relevant to the market, although there is evidence that partially, only cash flows have impact on share prices. This study also found that the presence of earnings management weakens the value relevance of earnings. To some extent, the results indicate that earnings management eliminates the value relevance of earnings and cash flows.
Characterization of complete mitochondrial genome of Jaydia lineata (Perciformes, Apogonidae)

Abstract The complete mitogenome of Jaydia lineata was sequenced, which is a closed double-stranded circular molecule of 16,506 bp, and we analyzed the main features in terms of the genome organization, gene arrangement, and codon usage. The overall base composition includes C(28.5%), A(27.2%), T(26.7%), and G(17.6%). Moreover, the 13 protein-coding genes encode 3797 amino acids in total, 12 of which use the initiation codon ATG except COI uses GTG. Most of them have TAA as the stop codon, whereas ND3 ends with TAG, and three protein-coding genes (COII, ND4, and Cytb) use ended with the incomplete stop codon represented as a single T. The phylogenetic tree based on the neighbour-joining method was conducted, using a concatenated set of 12 protein-coding genes, and adding nine other species of Perciformes, which could be a useful basis for management of this species.
Bedside ultrasonography for acute gallstone disease: a diagnostic accuracy study of surgical registrars and emergency medicine physicians

Acute gallstone disease, primarily biliary colic and acute cholecystitis, represents a significant burden on surgical services. Prolonged waiting times for ultrasonography to confirm a diagnosis contributes to inefficiency and delays surgery. Bedside ultrasound offers an opportunity for clinicians make a diagnosis more promptly and streamline acute surgery. This study evaluated the reliability of bedside ultrasound performed by clinicians following local training and a trial of its introduction into clinical practice.
Polytrauma Is Associated with Increased Three- and Six-Month Disability after Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Pilot Study

Polytrauma and traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently co-occur and outcomes are routinely measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE). Polytrauma may confound GOSE measurement of TBI-specific outcomes. Adult patients with TBI from the prospective Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Pilot (TRACK-TBI Pilot) study had presented to a Level 1 trauma center after injury, received head computed tomography (CT) within 24 h, and completed the GOSE at 3 months and 6 months post-injury. Polytrauma was defined as an Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) ≥3 in any extracranial region. Univariate regressions were performed using known GOSE clinical cutoffs. Multi-variable regressions were performed for the 3- and 6-month GOSE, controlling for known demographic and injury predictors. Of 361 subjects (age 44.9 ± 18.9 years, 69.8% male), 69 (19.1%) suffered polytrauma. By Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) assessment, 80.1% had mild, 5.8% moderate, and 14.1% severe TBI. On univariate logistic regression, polytrauma was associated with increased odds of moderate disability or worse (GOSE ≤6; 3 month odds ratio [OR] = 2.57 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.50-4.41; 6 month OR = 1.70 [95% CI: 1.01-2.88]) and death/severe disability (GOSE ≤4; 3 month OR = 3.80 [95% CI: 2.03-7.11]; 6 month OR = 3.33 [95% CI: 1.71-6.46]). Compared with patients with isolated TBI, more polytrauma patients experienced a decline in GOSE from 3 to 6 months (37.7 vs. 24.7%), and fewer improved (11.6 vs. 22.6%). Polytrauma was associated with greater univariate ordinal odds for poorer GOSE (3 month OR = 2.79 [95% CI: 1.73-4.49]; 6 month OR = 1.73 [95% CI: 1.07-2.79]), which was conserved on multi-variable ordinal regression (3 month OR = 3.05 [95% CI: 1.76-5.26]; 6 month OR = 2.04 [95% CI: 1.18-3.42]). Patients with TBI with polytrauma are at greater risk for 3- and 6-month disability compared with those with isolated TBI. Methodological improvements in assessing TBI-specific disability, versus disability attributable to all systemic injuries, will generate better TBI outcomes assessment tools.