Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Nomogram to Predict Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study from 82938 Adults in China

Background The twin epidemic of overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health problem globally, especially in China. Overweight/obese adults commonly coexist with T2DM, which is closely related to adverse health outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to develop risk nomogram of T2DM in Chinese adults with overweight/obesity. Methods We used prospective cohort study data for 82938 individuals aged ≥20 years free of T2DM collected between 2010 and 2016 and divided them into a training (n = 58056) and a validation set (n = 24882). Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model in training set, we identified optimized risk factors of T2DM, followed by the establishment of T2DM prediction nomogram. The discriminative ability, calibration, and clinical usefulness of nomogram were assessed. The results were assessed by internal validation in validation set. Results Six independent risk factors of T2DM were identified and entered into the nomogram including age, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and family history. The nomogram incorporating these six risk factors showed good discrimination regarding the training set, with a Harrell's concordance index (C-index) of 0.859 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.850–0.868] and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.862 (95% CI: 0.853–0.871). The calibration curves indicated well agreement between the probability as predicted by the nomogram and the actual probability. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the prediction nomogram was clinically useful. The consistent of findings was confirmed using the validation set. Conclusions The nomogram showed accurate prediction for T2DM among Chinese population with overweight and obese and might aid in assessment risk of T2DM.
Identification of chemical constituents responsible for potential androgenic efficacy of Withania somnifera and Chlorophytum borivilianum root solvent extracts for production of monosex Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

ABSTRACT Bioactivity-guided fractionation was performed between March and June 2019 to identify the phytoconstituents in extracts of Withania somnifera and Chlorophytum borivilianum that were responsible for androgenic efficacy by inducing maleness in Nile tilapia. Fish hatchlings were fed diets containing water, methanol, and ethanol extracts at 0.5, 0.75, and 0.9 gm/kg feed concentrations. For W. somnifera, the highest male percentage (89.63 ± 0.9) was obtained with methanol extract at 0.75 gm/kg feed concentration. For C. borivilianum, the highest male percentage (93.64 ± 0.9) was obtained with ethanol extract at 0.75 gm/kg feed concentration. Three fractions of methanol extract of Withania somnifera roots (W1 to W3) and six fractions of ethanol extract of Chlorophytum borivilianum roots (S1 to S6) were obtained through column chromatography followed by TLC. During dietary treatment (0.75 gm/kg feed) with those fractions, W1 and S4 showed higher male percentage than others. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of W1 and S4 revealed the presence of various unsaturated fatty acids with antiaromatase activity that might be responsible for the androgenic effect of the extracts.
Influence of pH on photocatalytic reduction, adsorption, and deposition of metal ions: speciation modeling

The present study is targeted on photocatalytic removal of metal ions from wastewater. Photoreduction, deposition, and dark adsorption of Cr 6+ ,C u 2+ ,N i 2+ , and Zn 2+ metal ions have been investigated using TiO2 with UV-irradiated. Also investigated that citric acid as a hole scavenger and hydrogen peroxide as a oxidant at pH values 2, 4, 6‐8, and 10. The modeling of metal species has been performed and speciation is used as a tool for discussing the photoreduction and deposition trends. The modeling of metal species at different pH values has been performed. It was observed that the photocatalytic process was effective in removing most of the metal ions in specific reaction circumstances. The maximum reduction and deposition of Cr and Cu 2+ were found to be favorable at acidic pH 2‐4, while Ni 2+ and Zn 2+ reductions were found to be most suitable at neutral to alkaline pH 10. The photocatalytic reduction and deposition trend of the metal ions prove the theoretical thermodynamic predictions about a reaction time period (5 h). Keyword: Photocatalysis; Citric acid; Hydrogen peroxide; Metal ions; PH; Modeling; Speciation; Adsorption; Reduction; Deposition
SYNTHÈSE D'α CÉTOPHOSPHONATES ET D'ESTERS D'HYDROXY MÉTHYLÈNE DIPHOSPHONATES III

Abstract The phenylacetic chloride reacts with the trimethyl phosphite and the methoxy tetramethyl dioxaphospholane to give hydroxyvinyl phosphonates 1 and 6 which are starting products in the synthesis of diphosphonates 11 and 16. The reactions of crotonyl chloride a, trans cinnamoyl chloride b, methacryloyl c and dimethyl acryloylchloride d with the same phosphites are also studied. Stable spirophosphoranes 26′, 29 and 25′ are obtained from methoxy tetramethyl dioxaphospholane and a, b, c respectively; d leads quantitatively to the formation of a stable keto phosphonate 27.
Growth, Yield-Related Traits and Yield of Lowland Maize (Zea mays L.) Varieties as Influenced by Inorganic NPS and N Fertilizer Rates at Babile, Eastern Ethiopia

Appropriate selection of varieties based on agroecologies and application of the right amount and type of fertilizers based on crop requirements are crucially indispensable to maximize maize production. A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years under main cropping seasons to evaluate the effect of blended NPS and N fertilizer rates on growth, yield components, and yield of open-pollinated maize varieties at the moisture stress area, eastern Ethiopia. The experiment was comprised of two lowland maize varieties, three blended NPS (50, 100, and 150 kg), and three N levels (43.5, 87, and 130.5 kg) ha−1 using a factorial arrangement under a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that the leaf area index, thousand kernel weight, and biomass and grain yields were significantly influenced by the interaction effect of variety × NPS and N in the first growing season. The number of ears per plant, ear length, ear diameter, number of kernels per ear, and biomass yield were significantly affected due to variety in the second growing season. The maximum growth parameters and yield components were recorded from Baate and 150 kg blended NPS. Grain yield and harvest index were statistically affected by interaction effects of variety × NPS and N in both years. Therefore, the highest grain yield (9.7 t·ha−1) was produced from Baate at a combined application of 150 kg NPS and 130.5 kg N·ha−1. The partial budget analysis also confirmed that the highest net benefit (2,033.4 USD) with the highest marginal rate of return (3106.9%) was obtained at Baate variety where plants were fertilized with 150 NPS and 130.5 kg N·ha−1. In conclusion, an integrated application of 150 NPS + 130.5 kg N·ha−1 to Baate variety is agronomically optimum and economically realistic fertilizer level to get a higher grain yield in the study area.
Synthesis of Graft Copolymer of Poly(acrylic acid) and Poly(vinyl alcohol) in the Presence of Methylene Bisacrylamide Crosslinker and Investigation of its Efficiency in Removing Lead Ion from Aqueous Solution

A novel graft copolymer of acrylic acid onto poly(vinyl alcohol) has been synthesized and it is crosslinked by methylene bisacrylamide for the investigation of its efficiency in removing lead ion from aqueous solution. The chemical nature of the ion exchange resin has been elucidated with the help of chemical test, FTIR, TGA and DSC. Particle size (0.20 mm), surface area (85.6 m2/g), ion exchange capacity (5.3 meq H+/g), optimum pH (4.5), time (60 min) and temperature (40°C) for Pb(II) adsorption were determined. Metal ion adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics have been studied. A plausible mechanism for lead ion exchange has been suggested.
School-based Indigenous cultural programs and their impact on Australian Indigenous students: a systematic review.

ABSTRACT This critical systematic review of Australian research literature provides insights into the aspirations of Indigenous communities to collaborate with schools in establishing local Indigenous language and cultural programmes. This systematic review investigates the body of Australian research into the cultural, social and educational impacts on those Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander students who have had opportunities to engage with these school-based Indigenous languages and/or cultural programmes. The review found that while many Indigenous families have advocated for their children’s to have access to quality language and cultural programmes, barriers of indifference, resourcing and leadership, have worked to limit students’ ability to access to these programmes. The studies highlight the effects on students sense of identity, the strengthening connectedness to community and County and the intergenerational sharing of cultural knowledge.
Fabrication and characterization of superhydrophobic coatings on cotton fabrics using silica nanoparticles for self-cleaning applications

The marvelous self-cleaning properties of lotus leaves and their superhydrophobic nature inspire the researchers to mimic such functionalities on cotton fabrics. The present work aimed to prepare and characterize true non-sticky superhydrophobic properties on cotton samples. The required combination of micro and nanostructure roughness was achieved by depositing the silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) on cotton surfaces by dip-coating method. To enhance adhesion and durability of silica particles with cotton, SiNPs were functionalized with 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) before deposition. The surface energy of SiNPs coated cotton samples was lowered by functionalizing with 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-Perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFOTS). The morphology, surface chemistry and wettability characterizations of prepared samples were performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and contact angle measurement system (goniometer) respectively. SEM micrographs revealed the nice decoration of SiNPs (having particles size range 90-150 nm) on the cotton fibers leaving to the hierarchical roughness. The EDX analysis confirmed the coatings of SiNPs and PFOTS. Contact angle measurements exhibited the superhydrophobic nature of prepared surfaces by static water contact angle of 157±2° and sliding angle of less than 5. The functionalized SiNPs/PFOTS cotton fabrics can effectively be used for self-cleaning applications.
Clinical Correlates of Treatment Adherence and Insight in Patients with Schizophrenia

Amac: Bu calismanin amaci sizofreni hastalarinda tedaviye uyumu ve icgoru ile iliskili klinik degiskenleri degerlendirmektir. Yontemler: Kesitsel nitelikteki bu calismaya Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi Psikiyatri Poliklinigi’ne basvuran 229 sizofreni hastasi dahil edildi. Tum katilimcilara sosyodemografik veri formu, Morisky Tedaviye Uyum Olcegi, Icgorunun Uc Bilesenini Degerlendirme Olcegi, Kisa Psikiyatrik Degerlendirme Olcegi, Pozitif ve Negatif Belirtileri Degerlendirme Olcegi, Calgary Şizofrenide Depresyon Olcegi ve Islevselligin Genel Degerlendirilmesi Olcegi uygulanmistir. Istatiksel analizde tanimlayici analizler, Pearson Korelasyon Analizi ve lojistik regresyon analizi kullanildi. Bulgular: Şizofrenide dusuk tedavi uyumu bulunmasi erkek cinsiyet, dusuk icgoru duzeyi, yuksek psikotik belirti siddeti ve dusuk islevsellik duzeyi ile iliskili bulundu. Icgoru duzeyi ise psikotik belirti siddeti, hastaligin suresi ve ortalama antipsikotik ilac dozu ile negatif korelasyon gosterirken; gec baslangic yasi ve yuksek islevsellik duzeyi ile pozitif korelasyon gosterdi. Lojistik regresyon analizinde ise islevsellik duzeyinin dusuk tedavi uyumunu ongormede daha etkili oldugu belirlendi. Sonuc: Dusuk tedavi uyumu ve icgoru duzeyi yuksek klinik belirti siddetiyle ve dusuk islevsellik duzeyiyle guclu korelasyon gosterdi. Tedavi uyumu ve icgoru duzeyi hastalarin iyilik durumu uzerinde onemli prediktif faktorler olarak saptandi. Bu nedenle psikotik belirtiler direncli olsa dahi sizofreni hastalarinda tedavi uyumu ve icgoruyu arttirmaya yonelik psikososyal tedaviler uygulanmalidir. Şizofreni hastalarinda tedavi uyumu ve icgoru duzeyi ile iliskili klinik degiskenlerin daha iyi anlasilmasi icin gelecekte yapilacak calismalar onemli olacaktir.
NMR spectroscopy of 13C‐enriched polysaccharides: application of 13C–13C TOCSY to sugars of different configuration

13C–13C 2D TOCSY experiments were applied, with both carbon‐13 and proton detection, to alleviate the problem of limited 1H–1H coherence transfer in certain sugars, e.g. those with the manno or galacto configuration. The 13C–13C couplings are not as dependent on the different sugar geometries and can be up to 50 times larger, i.e. 1JCC vs. 3JHH. For bacterial polysaccharides, Mr ca. 104–105, loss of magnetization can be severe owing to long delays in 1H–1H TOCSY experiments, and these are circumvented by applying the spin lock on the 13C nuclei. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Determination Of Sub Part-Per-Billion Levels Of Volatile Organic Compounds In Air By Pre-Concentration From Small Sample Volumes

Abstract Trace level Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in ambient air are normally determined according to EPA Method TO-14. This method describes the analysis in ambient air of 41 VOCs, ranging in boiling point from -29 to 215°C. It covers a concentration range from 0.2 to 20 parts per billion, volume/volume (ppb), and specifies sample enrichment of a 400 mL air sample on glass beads at -160°C. While this sample volume provides sub-ppb levels of VOC detection for target analytes when using a quadrupole mass spectrometer detector in SIM mode or when using GC detectors, the identification of non-target analytes may only be done in full scan mode for higher concentrations. Also with this sample volume a Nafion dryer is needed for water removal thereby lowering the recovery of polar VOCs. Because of the very high sensitivity of the ion trap MS, relatively small air volumes (60 mL) are adequate to obtain the required or lower detection levels. An integrated air analysis system based on a GC-ion-trap MS has be.
Creative solutions to common groupwork problems

This case study considers an innovative, digitally-based workshop activity designed to provide the opportunity for students to develop skills associated with groupwork, a key element of Learning Development practice. It aligns with the principles of Cooperative learning (Johnson and Johnson, 2013) and Vygotsky’s Sociocultural theory (1978), and will be of interest to Learning Developers, faculty staff and Learning Technologists. A need was established through discussions between faculty tutors and the authors ̶ a Learning Development tutor and a Learning Technologist ̶ for learners to engage in the process of working as a group and utilising technology. A scenario workshop was devised in which groups negotiated, scripted and filmed responses to given team problems. The prospect of potentially advising future students through video without being assessed appeared to galvanise groups and received positive feedback. Surveys were administered at the beginning of the process to establish participants’ previous experiences of groupwork, and this data informed five scenarios for future cohorts to storyboard their strategies. Feedback on the workshop activity has demonstrated that using video technologies together with scenario-based role-play can be an effective strategy in helping students to become effective group members. The findings provide a practical example of interdisciplinary collaboration and guidelines which could be adapted to use with different subjects. The key benefits of this are developing students’ awareness of industry needs and understanding of groupwork responsibilities, as well as enhancing digital literacies.
Compact hairpin line bandpass filter with improved spurious passbands suppression

ABSTRACT The present paper describes the design of a folded hairpin-line bandpass filter centred at 2.5 GHz applicable for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) with improved spurious suppression. The size of the conventional filter has been reduced by 30% by folding the open-end arms towards the inward direction. Thus, improvements over the skirt characteristics and shifting of the second harmonic to higher frequency region have been obtained. However, the attenuation level at the harmonic frequency remains almost unaffected. Subsequently, the inner and outer edges of the coupled-lines have been modified with Minkowski fractals to compensate for the modal phase velocities. As a result, more than 36 dB of harmonic suppression up to three times the centre frequency along with size reduction of 30% has been achieved.
Effects of Organic Soil Amendments on Photosynthetic Traits of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in an Alluvial Soil

Black pepper in Sarawak, Malaysia, is mainly cultivated using the conventional method involving heavy usage of chemical compound fertilizers. Organic soil amendments can reduce the required amounts of chemical fertilizers. So, the objectives of this study were to compare selected properties of soils as well as the physiological performances of mature vines following the application of fermented juices, biochar, and compost. There were five treatments; each replicated five times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were as follows: (i) FNPK–NPK 15 : 15 : 15 compound fertilizer; (ii) FPJ (fermented plant juice); (iii) FPJBC (FPJ, biochar, and compost); (iv) FFJ (fermented fruit juice); and (v) FFJBC (FFJ, biochar, and compost). The results revealed that combined fermented juices, biochar, and compost positively improved soil bulk density, soil porosity, TOC, C/N ratio, available P, exchangeable K, and exchangeable Ca. The fermented juices incorporated with biochar and compost had favourable effects on the leaf chlorophyll concentration, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and gas exchange rates such as photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration. Pepper leaf chlorophyll, NDVI, and photosynthesis rate were negatively correlated with soil total N. These results suggested that introducing organic soil amendments such as fermented juices, biochar, and compost improved soil physiochemical properties and black pepper physiological traits.
Shades of theory: A topic modelling of ways of theorizing in accounting history research

The article aims to explore ways of theorizing in accounting history research. The article draws on findings originating from a semi-automated text analysis by means of topic modelling of 1,300 accounting history papers published between 1996 and 2015 across six journals most relevant to the discipline. Findings show the presence of a whole range of ways of theorizing at different levels of abstraction (from narrating to conceptualizing to theorizing settings to grand theorizing). Different ways of theorizing tend to be associated not only with specific research objects but also with specific journal types. Overall, both narrating and grand theorizing are relatively decreasing in favour of mid-range theorizing approaches, which seem to be on the rise.
Ecological Engineering Measures for Ravine Slope Stabilization and Its Sustainable Productive Utilization

The 120 countries have committed to set the UNCCD sustainable development goal on achieving the land degradation neutrality by 2030 including India. The target has to be accomplished in a synergistic and cost-effective manner in accordance with countries’ specific national contexts and development priorities. Globally, the ravine landscapes are considered among the world’s most degraded ecosystems. Therefore, restoring ravines is considered a high priority item in the natural resource management programs. The vegetation cover augmented with appropriate conservation measures is the most sought restoration strategy. The engineering measures are prerequisite for slope stabilization and sustainable productive utilization in ravine ecosystem. The several methods for slope stabilization are available but only few are applied in ravine land. Therefore, in this chapter, we have covered only those slope stabilization techniques which were successfully applied for the restoration of ravine land.
Country Level Socioeconomic and Health System Indicators Explain COVID-19 Mortality Worldwide

Background: COVID-19 mortality rates differ across countries. We aimed to construct a model that predicts mortality worldwide, by including only country-level socioeconomic and health system indicators and excluding variables related to short-term measures for pandemic management. Methods: COVID-19 mortality data was collected from Johns Hopkins University resource center. Additional sources were public reports from the United Nations, the World Bank and the Heritage Foundation. We implemented multiple linear regression with backward elimination on the selected predictors. Results: The final model constructed on seven Independent variables, significantly predicted COVID-19 mortality rate by country (F-statistic: 29.2, p<0.001). Regression coefficients (95% CI) in descending order of standardized effects: Annual tourist arrivals: 5.43 (4.03, 6.83); health expenditure per capita: 4.43 (2.92, 5.96); GDP (PPP): -4.60 (-6.81, -2.38); specialist surgical workforce per 100000: 2.63 (0.67, 4.59); number of physicians per 1000: -2.32 (-4.3, -0.28); economic freedom score: -1.35 (-2.60, -0.10); and total population: 1.66 (-0.19, 3.52). All VIF values were below 5, showing acceptable collinearity. R-squared (52.65%), adjusted R-squared (50.25%) and predicted R-squared (42.33%) showed strong model fit. Conclusion: limited country-level socioeconomic and health system indicators can explain COVID-19 mortality worldwide; emphasizing the priority of attending to these fundamental structures when planning for pandemic preparedness.
Distant Learning: The Experiences of Brazilian Schoolteachers during the COVID-19 School Closures

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed several challenges to education, especially with the shift from traditional face-to-face to distance learning, affecting teaching and learning worldwide. While distance learning seemed to favor children of affluent families, students of low socioeconomic families faced additional challenges, like the lack of adequate resources to attend online classes and continue their education. Thus, in this study, schoolteachers’ experiences adapting their instructional strategies to distance learning were investigated. A qualitative case study examined and compared the experiences of a public-school and a private-school teacher with distance learning in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic school closures. The cases give insight into the strategies used and challenges experienced by the participants while attending to different student populations’ needs: marginalized and more affluent. Thematic analysis of the aggregated data indicated the participants’ similar distant teaching and learning experiences (disconnected interactions with their students) and distinct perspectives and commitments to teaching and their use of technology in education. Recommendations and implications for educators, administrators, and policymakers are included.
Radiation Induced Polymerization of Methyl Vinyl Ketone

メチルビニルケトンを2 2°から-78 ℃ の温度範囲で重合を検討した。 活性化エネルギーは4 . 80kcal/mol,均一系で反応が進む。 重合速度はほぼ線量率に比例しており,停止反応が1分子的であることを示唆している。 これは,一種のdegradative chain transferによるものと考えられる。 生成ポリビニルケトンの固有粘度は,0.1～0. 3で,重合度としてはそれほど大きくはない。 生成ポリビニルケトンは,塩化カリウムや塩化亜鉛などで簡単に脱水され,共役系のポリマーが得られる。