Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Convergence and functional evolution of longirostry in crocodylomorphs

During the Mesozoic, Crocodylomorpha had a much higher taxonomic and morphological diversity than today. Members of one particularly successful clade, Thalattosuchia, are well‐known for being longirostrine: having long, slender snouts. It has generally been assumed that Thalattosuchia owed their success in part to the evolution of longirostry, leading to a feeding ecology similar to that of the living Indian gharial, Gavialis. Here, we compare form and function of the skulls of the thalattosuchian Pelagosaurus and Gavialis using digital reconstructions of the skull musculoskeletal anatomy and finite element models to show that they had different jaw muscle arrangements and biomechanical behaviour. Additionally, the relevance of feeding‐related mandibular traits linked to longirostry in the radiation of crocodylomorph clades was investigated by conducting an evolutionary rates analysis under the variable rates model. We find that, even though Pelagosaurus and Gavialis share similar patterns of stress distribution in their skulls, the former had lower mechanical resistance. This suggests that compared to Gavialis, Pelagosaurus was unable to process large, mechanically less tractable prey, instead operating as a specialized piscivore that fed on softer and smaller prey. Secondly, innovation of feeding strategies was achieved by rate acceleration of functional characters of the mandible, a key mechanism for the diversification of certain clades like thalattosuchians and eusuchians. Different rates of functional evolution suggest divergent diversification dynamics between teleosaurids and metriorhynchids in the Jurassic.
THE SHIFTING SANDS OF ASSET MANAGEMENT: The rise of indexing and evolution of active

JASSA The FINSIA Journal of Applied Finance ISSUE 1 2017 Driven by technology, costs and investor preferences, the structure of the investment industry is changing. Globally, investors are migrating to passive funds, increasingly moving away from traditional actively managed funds. This shift has typically been viewed as a move from active to passive management, however, a more accurate characterisation is a move from high to low cost. This paper explores the potential impact of this trend on the industry, investors and active management itself.1
HYBRID DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION BASED AUTOMATIC SINGLE DOCUMENT TEXT SUMMARIZATION ALBARAA ABUOBIEDA MOHAMMED ALI ABUOBIEDA UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA HYBRID DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION BASED AUTOMATIC SINGLE DOCUMENT TEXT SUMMARIZATION ALBARAA ABUOBIEDA MOHAMMED ALI ABUOBIEDA

Automatic single document text summarization is a process of condensing an input text document. In this process, a summary extraction approach summarizes a document by extracting the most informative sentences in a document. To select such sentences, a sentence scoring approach is used to assign a score for each input sentence before ranking them accordingly. Based on user defined summary ratio, only top ranked sentences are selected to be part of the summary and selecting the most informative sentences is a challenge for extractive based automatic text summarization researchers. Thus, this research proposed extraction based automatic single document text summarization methods by investigating a single meta-heuristic evolutionary algorithm called Differential Evolution (DE) to generate high quality summaries. The DE algorithm is used (i) to find out the best feature weight score to discriminate between important and non-important features, (ii) to perform as a cluster machine learning method using Normalized Google Distance and Jaccard similarity measures to generate a highly diversed summary, (iii) to employ opposition-based learning (OBL) approach to improve the performance of the DE algorithm and (iv) to develop a hybrid model used to investigate the adavantages of the combination of feature weighting, diversity and OBL approaches. To evaluate the proposed methods, the standard dataset from Document Understanding Conference (DUC) 2002 and the Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE) as the standard evaluation measurement toolkit were used. Experimental results showed that the hybrid models as well as all the proposed individual methods performed well for text summarization as compared to four benchmark methods: Microsoft Word, Copernic, the best DUC 2002, the worst DUC 2002 summarizers and a human against another human summarizer. In addition, the proposed methods in the DE algorithm outperformed Genetic Algorithm and fuzzy swarm diversity based methods evolutionary based algorithms. The results of the experiments have proven that the proposed hybrid models generate better quality text-summaries.
Character-based Chinese Word Segmentation and Pos-tagging with Unsupervised Unknown Word Learning

This paper proposed a character-tagging approach to do Chinese word segmentation and pos-tagging. Word-level features are used to overcome the known word detection problem of character-based method. Besides of that, an unsupervised unknown word learning method is applied to enlarge the lexicon for word-level feature detection. Experimental results based on Penn Chinese Treebank 5.1 showed that using word-level features gave 3.23% and 5.01% improvements on F1 for word segmentation and pos-tagging, respectively. Moreover, by using the unsupervised unknown word learning method to enlarge the lexicon, the F1 of word segmentation and pos-tagging was increased by 0.45% and 0.39% again.
Toxicity and repellency of ethanol extracts of Annona reticulate L . seed and leaf against Callosobruchus maculatus ( F . ) ( Coleoptera : Bruchidae )

Ethanol extracts of Annona reticulata L. seed and leaf were evaluated for their toxicity and repellency at 6 concentrations (0.25, 05, 1, 2, 3 and 4%) against adult of Callosobruchus maculatus. The toxicity of plant extracts was tested by contact and fumigation bioassay. Mortality was assessed at 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment. The repellent activity of the previous extracts was also studied using the area preference bioassay. The both extracts showed strong insecticidal activity to the insect in both testing methods. In contact bioassay, the LC50 values for seed and leaf extracts were 6.18 and 6.81% at 24 h, 4.61 and 6.20 % at 48 h, and 1.61 and 1.73% at 72 h, respectively. In fumigation bioassay, their LC50 values were 8.60 and 8.69% at 24 h, 5.76 and 6.68% at 48 h, and 1.54 and 1.71% at 72 h, respectively. Moreover, the both extracts also showed repellent activity against C. maculatus in which seed extract was better than leaf extract. The mean repellency for seed extract ranged between class III and V (42.76-84.00%) while that for leaf extract ranged between class II and IV (29.6372.16%). The repellency rate increased proportionally with the increase of concentration of the extract. These results indicated that A. reticulata has potential for integrated pest management programs of C. maculatus population.
Database tool DBM-DB: the diamondback moth genome database

DBM-DB: the diamondback moth genome database Weiqi Tang1,2,y, Liying Yu1,2,3,y, Weiyi He1,3,y, Guang Yang, Fushi Ke, Simon W. Baxter, Shijun You, Carl J. Douglas and Minsheng You* Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China, Faculty of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia and Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 3529-6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
EFFECT OF INOCULATION WITH VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA ON GROWTH AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE OF WHEAT PLANTS

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of inoculating wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi , Glomus spp. and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), Bacillus megatherium with different levels of P in a P-deficient calcareous soil. Results showed that the highest percentage of mycorrhizal root infection and the maximum population of PSB in wheat rhizosphere soil were found in plants inoculated with dual inocula (AM fungi and PSB) at panicle initiation stage. Generally, mycorrhizal root infection and PSB population reduced at either very low or very high P levels. Inoculation of wheat plants with PSB singly or incombination with AM fungi resulted in significant higher concentration of available P in the rhizosphere soil of inoculated compared with the uninoculated plants. Concentrations of available P in wheat rhizosphere soil reached their peaks when plants inoculated with dual inoculants. In general, shoots and roots dry weight; grain and straw yields as well as P-content of plant were significantly increased with increasing P levels. There was a significant increase in shoots and roots dry weight; grain and straw yields as well as P-content of plants inoculated with AM fungi and PSB singly or incombination compared with uninoculated plants, and the maximum values obtained with dual inoculation treatments. The interaction between P levels and inoculation treatments significantly affected shoots and roots dry weight; grain and straw yields as well as P-content of plant.
Analysis of Attack-Defense Strategies in Autonomous Distributed IoT Systems

We develop an analytical model to capture the interplay of attack-defense strategies of an autonomous distributed Internet of Things system (ADIoTS). Every node participates in intrusion detection of a target node of the same type, thus necessitating that every good node plays a set of defense strategies and every bad node plays a set of attack strategies for achieving their own goals. The end product is a methodology for identifying the best defense strategies to maximize the system lifetime.
Tuning the glass-forming ability of metallic glasses through energetic frustration

The design of multi-functional BMGs is limited by the lack of a quantitative understanding of the variables that control the glass-forming ability (GFA) of alloys. Both geometric frustration (e.g. differences in atomic radii) and energetic frustration (e.g. differences in the cohesive energies of the atomic species) contribute to the GFA. We perform molecular dynamics simulations of binary Lennard-Jones mixtures with only energetic frustration. We show that there is little correlation between the heat of mixing and critical cooling rate $R_c$, below which the system crystallizes, except that $\Delta H_{\rm mix} < 0$. By removing the effects of geometric frustration, we show strong correlations between $R_c$ and the variables $\epsilon_- = (\epsilon_{BB}-\epsilon_{AA})/(\epsilon_{AA}+\epsilon_{BB})$ and ${\overline \epsilon}_{AB} = 2\epsilon_{AB}/(\epsilon_{AA}+\epsilon_{BB})$, where $\epsilon_{AA}$ and $\epsilon_{BB}$ are the cohesive energies of atoms $A$ and $B$ and $\epsilon_{AB}$ is the pair interaction between $A$ and $B$ atoms. We identify a particular $f_B$-dependent combination of $\epsilon_-$ and ${\overline \epsilon}_{AB}$ that collapses the data for $R_c$ over nearly $4$ orders of magnitude in cooling rate.
Developing an Accessible One-Switch Game for Motor Impaired Players

Digital games typically require a fair amount of sensory and motor skills. However, not every player can receive stimuli and provide feedback at the usually necessary extent and rate. About 24% of the Brazilian population has some degree of a disability, of which 7% has motor impairment. This work describes the creation of a simple digital game that is accessible for people with motor impairments through the use of the one-switch technique, which is the use of a single key or button to provide all input to the game. Our goals included putting the accessible and the traditional game modes in equal footing in terms of freedom and difﬁculty and evaluating the effort to develop the one-switch version. Usability tests were carried out to users who have some motor disability and to users who do not. Results showed that the use of a single key does enable people with varying motor difﬁculty to play a game with more balanced competitiveness compared to people who are not disabled and also that the gaming experience was satisfactory for both user groups.
Correlation between Serum Uric Acid and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Sohag University Hospital

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been associated with excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The underlying causes of this phenomenon are still relatively unknown, but it is believed that a combination of classic and new cardiovascular risk factors including chronic low-grade inflammation may be involved. Objective: This study was designed to assess the relationship between serum uric acid level and the CVD complications in SLE patients. Patients and methods: This clinical-based prospective study was carried out on 60 patients. This study was conducted in Sohag University Hospital. The patients in the study were divided into two equal groups: Group (A) included patients with normal S.UA in between (2.4-6.0 mg/dl) for females and (3.4-7.0) for males and group (B) that included patients with elevated S.UA higher than the upper limit. Results: Serum uric acid was significantly increased in patients with pulmonary hypertension than those who didn’t develop pulmonary hypertension (P = 0.02). serum uric acid level was insignificantly different as regards ECG and ECH findings except for segmental wall motion abnormality (SWMA) and pulmonary hypertension. There was a positive mild significant correlation between serum uric acid and cholesterol level (r = 0.35 and P = 0.01) and duration of treatment (r = 0.29 and P = 0.03), but insignificant with triglyceride level (r = 0.22 and P = 0.08) and EULAR\ACR2019 score (r = 0.01 and P = 093). Conclusion: Higher serum uric acid levels are associated with global damage in patients with SLE. Serum uric acid was associated with arterial stiffness. Nevertheless, serum uric acid might be an ancillary indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis in SLE women with clinically evident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
A 2 E , a Lipofuscin Fluorophore , in Human Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells in Culture

METHODS. A2E was synthesized and incubated with an adult RPE cell line devoid of native lipofuscin. To investigate the cellular compartmentalization of A2E, cells were incubated simultaneously with A2E and a fluorescent acidotropic probe, (Lysotracker Red DND-99; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR). Plasma membrane integrity was evaluated by assaying for leakage of the cytoplasmic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), by fluorescence nuclear staining with a membrane-impermeant dye and by morphologic criteria. The emission spectrum of internalized A2E was also determined. The levels of A2E accumulated by the cultured cells were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography and compared with amounts present in RPE isolated from human eyes.
Characterization of Five New Earthworm Mitogenomes (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae): Mitochondrial Phylogeny of Lumbricidae

Identification based on conventional morphological characteristics is typically difficult and time-consuming. The development of molecular techniques provides a novel strategy that relies on specific mitochondrial gene fragments to conduct authentication. For this study, five newly sequenced partial mitogenomes of earthworms (Bimastos parvus, Dendrobaena octaedra, Eisenia andrei, Eisenia nordenskioldi, and Octolasion tyrtaeum) with lengths ranging from 14,977 to 15,715 were presented. Each mitogenome possessed a putative control region that resided between tRNA-Arg and tRNA-His. All of the PCGs were under negative selection according to the value of Ka/Ks. The phylogenetic trees supported the classification of Eisenia and Lumbricus; however, the trees based on cox1 did not. Through various comparisons, it was determined that cox1 fragments might be more suitable for molecular identification. These results lay the foundation for further phylogenetic studies on Lumbricidae.
All-reflective optical system design for extreme ultraviolet lithography

All-reflective optical systems, due to their material absorption and low refractive index, are used to create the most suitable devices in extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). In this letter, we present a design for an all-reflective lithographic projection lens. We also discuss its design idea and structural system. After analysis of the four-mirror optical system, the initial structural parameters are determined, the optical system is optimized, and the tolerances of the system are analyzed. We also show the implementation of optimal layout and desired imaging performance.
Integer multiplication in time O(n log n)

We present an algorithm that computes the product of two n-bit integers in O(n log n) bit operations, thus confirming a conjecture of Schonhage and Strassen from 1971. Our complexity analysis takes place in the multitape Turing machine model, with integers encoded in the usual binary representa- tion. Central to the new algorithm is a novel “Gaussian resampling” technique that enables us to reduce the integer multiplication problem to a collection of multidimensional discrete Fourier transforms over the complex numbers, whose dimensions are all powers of two. These transforms may then be evaluated rapidly by means of Nussbaumer’s fast polynomial transforms.
Hyperspectral reconstruction in biomedical imaging using terahertz systems

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is an emerging modality for biomedical imaging. It is non-ionizing and can detect differences between water content and tissue density, but the detectors are rather expensive and the scan time tends to be long. Recently, it has been shown that the compressed sensing theory can lead to a radical re-design of the imaging system with lower detector cost and shorter scan time, in exchange for computation in the image reconstruction. We show in this paper that it is in fact possible to make use of the multi-frequency nature of the terahertz pulse to achieve hyperspectral reconstruction. Through effective use of the spatial sparsity, spectroscopic phase information, and correlations across the hyperspectral bands, our method can significantly improve the reconstructed image quality. This is demonstrated through using a set of experimental THz data captured in a single-pixel terahertz system.
Conn’s adenoma in a woman with celiac disease

Conn’s adenoma on a field of celiac disease has never been described in the literature. We report a case of 31-year-old woman with a history of celiac disease under gluten-free diet, and a pregnancy-induced hypertension controlled under treatment. She was presented with hypertension crisis, hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis. Diagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA) was suspected, which was confirmed by a decrease plasma renin, elevated plasma aldosterone level and high aldosterone/renin ratio additionally. Adrenal computed tomography revealed left adrenal mass. The patient was treated with nicardipine, spironolactone and potassium supplements. Laparoscopic left adrenalectomy was performed. The final diagnosis was adenoma of the adrenal gland consistent with Conn’s adenoma. Blood pressure (BP) and hypokalemia returned to the normal level without any medication or supplement.
Integration and Visualization of Regulatory Elements and Variations of the EPAS1 Gene in Human

Endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 (EPAS1), also HIF2α, is an alpha subunit of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF), which mediates cellular and systemic response to hypoxia. EPAS1 has an important role in the transcription of many hypoxia-responsive genes, however, it has been less researched than HIF1α. The aim of this study was to integrate an increasing number of data on EPAS1 into a map of diverse OMICs elements. Publications, databases, and bioinformatics tools were examined, including Ensembl, MethPrimer, STRING, miRTarBase, COSMIC, and LOVD. The EPAS1 expression, stability, and activity are tightly regulated on several OMICs levels to maintain complex oxygen homeostasis. In the integrative EPAS1 map we included: 31 promoter-binding proteins, 13 interacting miRNAs and one lncRNA, and 16 post-translational modifications regulating EPAS1 protein abundance. EPAS1 has been associated with various cancer types and other diseases. The development of neuroendocrine tumors and erythrocytosis was shown to be associated with 11 somatic and 20 germline variants. The integrative map also includes 12 EPAS1 target genes and 27 interacting proteins. The study introduced the first integrative map of diverse genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, regulomics, and interactomics data associated with EPAS1, to enable a better understanding of EPAS1 activity and regulation and support future research.
Agronomic Factors Influencing the Scale of Fusarium Mycotoxin Contamination of Oats

Seven agronomic factors (crop season, farming system, harvest date, moisture, county, oat variety, and previous crop) were recorded for 202 oat crops grown across Ireland, and samples were analysed by LC-MS/MS for four major Fusarium mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin. Type A trichothecenes were present in 62% of crops, with 7.4% exceeding European regulatory limits. DON (6.4%) and ZEN (9.9%) occurrences were relatively infrequent, though one and three samples were measured over their set limits, respectively. Overall, the type of farming system and the previous crop were the main factors identified as significantly influencing mycotoxin prevalence or concentration. Particularly, the adherence to an organic farming system and growing oats after a previous crop of grass were found to decrease contamination by type A trichothecenes. These are important findings and may provide valuable insights for many other types of cereal crops as Europe moves towards a much greater organic-based food system.
A Framework for the Development of Wetland for Agricultural Use in Indonesia

Crop production needs to double to feed the world’s growing population. Indonesia, as the fourth most populated country in the world, needs to meet its food security challenge with a shrinking arable land area. Indonesia has over 34 million ha of swampland. The scarcity of arable land in Indonesia means wetlands are likely to be converted to agricultural use. The challenge is to both profitably and sustainably do so. This paper presents a framework for developing wetlands for food production, which includes (1) the characterization of land and problem of development; (2) analysis of historical development and lessons learned; (3) technology development; and (4) optimization of development. We analyze each of the components and its relation to regional economic growth and lessons learned. For successful future wetland development, three factors must be considered: Land-soil-water characterization, landscape and land use design, and community development. This framework can be adopted by other tropical areas for the development of wetlands.