Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutrient management for enhanced yield and quality of soybean (Glycine max) and residual soil fertility.

A field experiment was conducted during rainy seasons of 2003–04 and 2004–05. Fourteen treatments consisting of two fertility levels (50% and 100% recommonded NPK) and their combination with FYM and supplementary nutrients viz. boron and iron besides control were tested in randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that soybean yield attributed to cumulative effect of yield attributes viz., pods/plant, seeds/pod and hundred seed weight were increased significantly by the addition of micronutrients and FYM at both the fertility levels (50% and 100% NPK). Integrated use of FYM (10.0 t/ha) and micronutrients viz., boron (2.0 kg/ha) and iron (5.0 kg/ha) with inorganic NPK can replace upto 10 kg N, 30 kg P2O5 and 20 kg K and 20 kg K2O/ha. Mean relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) and leaf area index (LAI) were significantly affected by supplementation of inorganics (50% and 100% NPK) with FYM and/or micronutrients viz., boron and iron. Application of FYM, boron and iron along with inorganic fertilizer (50% and 100% recommended NPK) also significantly increased the root dry biomass, number of nodules, dry weight/plant and leghaemoglobin content at 60 days stage. Net returns and benefit: cost ratio was highest where boron (2.0 kg/ha) was applied with 100% NPK and lowest in control (Inoculated). Highest protein and oil content and yield were recorded with RDF + FYM. Application of FYM, Fe and B with both 50 and 100% recommended fertilizers (RDF) markedly improved the content of unsaturated fatty acids (linolenic, linoleic and oleic) and reduced the content of saturated fatty acids (palmatic and stearic). Use of organic sources and micronutrients helped in maintaining soil fertility in terms of available nutrients and fertility balance. It was concluded that application of FYM and micronutrients viz., Fe and B along with 100% NPK was essential for higher productivity and profitability of soybean as well as maintaining soil fertility.
Predicting the outcome of oral, potentially malignant, disorders using a composite clinical, histopathological and molecular classifier

iii Dedication . v Acknowledgements . vii Declaration . ix List of Tables . xviii List of Figures . xxii Abbreviations . xxv Introduction . 1 1.1 Cancer . 1 1.2 Oral Cancer . 1 1.2.
Sorghum-pigeonpea intercropping and the effects of plant population density

Summary An intercropping experiment is described in which three plant population densities of an early sorghum (82 days) were factorially combined with three plant population densities of a later-maturing pigeonpea (173 days) in a standard 2 sorghum:1 pigeonpea row arrangement. Sorghum growth was not affected by the presence of pigeonpea, and the farmers' primary objective of maintaining a ‘full’ sorghum yield was achieved if the density of the intercropped sorghum was equivalent to the sole crop optimum. The spatial distribution of roots after 30 and 60 days of growth did not appear to be altered by intercropping, and roots of the two crops were found to intermingle freely.
Plasma luteinizing hormone and progesterone concentrations in Azawak zebu cows submitted to different estrus synchronization protocols.

Estrus synchronization is a valuable management tool that has been used to enhance reproductive efficiency (4). One of the advantages of estrus synchronization is that a large number of females can be bred over a short period. Synchronization also allows farmers to schedule calving so as to take advantage of feed supplies and to develop breeding technologies such as artificial insemination and embryo transfer. Although the merits of estrus synchronization are best realized in large animal breeding structures, this technique can be used to benefit smallholder agropastoral farmers (4, 14).
Concentration of singly phosphorylated myosin II regulatory light chain along the cleavage furrow of dividing HeLa cells(Cell Biology and Morphology)(Proceedings of the Sixty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Zoological Society of Japan)

We developed a polyclonal antibody Pl which recognizes regulatory light chain of myosin II (MRLC) phosphorylated by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). The antibody Pl was produced against a synthetic, singly phosphorylated pep-tide, Lys-Arg-Pro-Gln-Arg-Ala-Thr-phospho Ser-Asn-Val-Phe (residues 13-23 on MRLC from chicken gizzard). The phosphorylation of this serine residue (MLCK site) on the intact MRLC induces activation of myosin ATPase activity in vitro. Immunoblotting studies showed that the antibody Pl speciﬁcally recognizes singly phosphorylated MRLC. Irnmunoﬂuorescence studies demonstrated that the singly phosphorylated MRLC was local-ized mainly around the chromosomes in metaphase cells and was later concentrated along the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. The result suggests that phosphorylation of MRLC plays an important role in the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis.
Studies on two genomic variants of Taura syndrome virus: Infection under hyperthermic conditions and detection with a novel monoclonal antibody

Taura syndrome (TS) is one of the most devastating diseases affecting the shrimp farming industry worldwide. The causative virus, Taura syndrome virus (TSV), has been identified. My work is centred on the development of monoclonal antibodies against TSV. I have also characterized a novel variant of the virus from Venezuela and evaluated the effect of hyperthermia on TSV infection. This work has resulted in 3 manuscripts, which constitute the core of this dissertation. The taxonomy throughout this dissertation is done according to Holthuis (1980). The first manuscript describes the production of a monoclonal antibody reacting with the Belize strain of TSV. The antibody, MAb 2C4, exhibits good sensitivity and specificity for TSV in immunohistochemistry (IHC) and dot blot immunoassay. MAb 2C4 reacted with the TSV-HI94, TSV-SI98 and TSV-BZ02 variants, but not with the TSV-VE05 and TSV-TH05 variants. This antibody adds and improves tools to those available for TSV diagnosis. Chapter three describes a relatively novel variant of TSV from Venezuela, which was characterized by our laboratory. By genetic sequencing, this new isolate exhibits a 94% similarity with TSV-HI94. IHC, dot blot immunoassay and bioassays were also performed. While processed samples reacted only weakly with the TSV monoclonal antibody MAb 1A1, the virus in its native state reacted strongly with the antibody. In bioassays, TSV-VE05 presented mortality comparable to TSV-HI94 in Penaeus
Flea‘in Around: A Look at the Identification, Preservation, Clearing, and Mounting of Siphonaptera

Author(s): Campbell, James D. ; Bennett, Steve; Krueger, Laura; Morgan, Tim; Nguyen, Kiet; Penicks, Amanda; Sun, Sokanary; Cummings, Robert; Martinez, Danielle; Quinn, Niamh | Abstract: Fleas are remarkable and highly specialized insects, with no part of their external anatomy being easily mistaken for that of any other insect. Due to their small size, the subtle differences among the distinguishing morphological characteristics of each species, and complexities of preparing specimens, identifying, and working with fleas is challenging. Various documents and taxonomic keys are available that discuss mounting procedures and the identification of medically important fleas for large regions of the world including the United States; however, many of these have become antiquated over time. Some of the distinguishing specialized characteristics exhibited among flea species, as presented in older keys, come in the form of line drawings, which are accurate but can be difficult to use when comparing it to structures on a whole specimen when viewed through a microscope. This paper presents a guide which describes in detail previously developed, but obscure techniques covering the preservation, preparation, clearing, and mounting of Siphonaptera specimens. In addition, we are also presenting an easy-to-use photographic key of twelve flea species collected from back yard wildlife, as well as pet cats and dogs in Orange County, CA. This key, which is freely available online at the Orange County Mosquito and Vector Control District’s website, is an effective tool for the identification of common flea species found in southern California. Using the key in conjunction with the mounting guide will provide users with a full-circle guide to preserving, identifying, and mounting flea specimens. Keyed flea genera include Cediopsylla, Ctenocephalides, Diamanus, Echidinophaga, Hoplopsyllus, Leptopsylla, Nosopsyllus, Orchopoeas, Pulex, and Xenopsylla. Examined hosts include cats, coyotes, dogs, mice, opossums, rabbits, raccoons, rats, skunks, squirrels, and woodrats.
Neuronal Diversification in the Postembryonic Drosophila Brain: A Dissertation

A functional central nervous system (CNS) is composed of numerous types of neurons. Neurons are derived from a limited number of multipotent neural stem cells. Previous studies have suggested three major strategies nature uses to diversify neurons: lineage identity specification that gives an individual neural stem cell distinct identity based on its position in the developing CNS; temporal identity specification that gives neurons derived from a neural stem cell distinct identities based on their birth-order within the lineage; and binary cell fate specification that gives different identities to the two sister postmitotic neurons derived from the terminal division of a common precursor. Through the combination of the three strategies, almost unlimited neuron types can be generated. To understand neuronal diversification, we have to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of each of the three strategies. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster , has been an excellent model for studying neuronal diversity, mainly due to its easily traceable nervous system and an impressive collection of genetic tools. Studies in fly have provided us fundamental insights into lineage identity, temporal identity, and binary cell fate specifications. Nevertheless, previous studies mostly centered on the embryonic ventral nerve cord (VNC) because of its simpler organization. Our understanding of the generation of neuronal diversity in the fly brain is still rudimentary. In this thesis work, I focused on the mushroom body (MB) and three antennal lobe neuronal lineages, studying their neuronal diversification during postembryonic brain development. In Chapter I, I reviewed the previous studies that have built our current understanding of the neuronal diversification. In Chapter II, I showed that MB temporal identity changes are instructed by environmental cues. In Chapter III, to search for the potential factors that mediate the environmental control of the MB temporal identity changes, I silenced each of the 18 nuclear receptors (NRs) in the fly genome using RNA interference. Although I did not identify any NR important for the regulation of MB temporal identities, I found that unfulfilled is required for regulating axon guidance and for the MB neurons to acquire all major subtype-specific identities. In Chapter IV, I demonstrated that the Notch pathway and its antagonist Numb mediate binary cell fate determination in the three classical antennal lobe neuronal lineages— anterodorsal projection neuron (adPN), lateral antennal lobe (lAL), and ventral projection neuron (vPN)—in a context-dependent manner. Finally, in Chapter V, I did detailed lineage analysis for the lAL lineage, and identified four classes of local interneurons (LNs) with multiple subtypes innervating only the AL, and 44 types projection neurons (PNs) contributing to olfactory, gustatory, and auditory neural circuits. The PNs and LNs were generated simultaneously but with different tempos of temporal identity specification. I also showed that…
Detektion funktioneller RNAs in Genomsequenzen

Using approved tools a pipeline for fRNA prediction in complete genome sequences is developed. The program allows the prediction of new and until now unknown fRNAs as well as members of already known families. No expert knowledge about the used tools is necessary.The fRNA prediction method is based on two pillars. The first pillar is a comparative approach which first identifies sequence similarities among related genomes and aligns them. In a second step the stability and conservation of the structures is evaluated. This approach allowes the prediction of new fRNAs since no information about known fRNA families is used. The second pillar is based on current knowledge about fRNA families. This knowledge is used to find fRNA similarities to known fRNA families. The predicted affiliation of a candidate to a specific family gives a hint for its function.The pipeline that was developed in the course of this thesis was applied to several bacterial and archaeal genomes to predict the occurrence of fRNA coding genes and regulatory elements. The Pipeline is not only able to analyze complete genomes but can also be used on a selection of single sequences. This feature was used to predict structured regulatory elements in the mRNA of selected genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and related species.
Internalization of digital citizenship for the future of all levels of education

In the digital age, the re-construction of knowledge can be enriched through technology enhanced learning environments. The question arise on whether learners, teachers are capable to use technology in a right and productive way to support learning. In this respect, this research study aimed to examine the awareness of learners and the teachers in internalization of digital literacy skill within the framework of digital citizenship as regards the right behaviours while using technology in the life. Further to this, study aimed to develop their awareness of digital literacy based on an action research learning cycle. In this respect, research stands on activity theory as a theoretical framework. Qualitative research was employed and case study approach was implemented to enrich the awareness of learners and teachers about digital citizenship based on a sense of action learning. Data analysis was done based on thematic analysis for reflective reports. Research findings indicated that learners and teachers developed their awareness of digital citizenship upon this research process; however it is crucial to integrate digital literacy and digital citizenship into curriculum and course designs for the future in all levels of education in order to make global citizen. This research study gives an insight on being readiness to adapt global citizen through internalizing digital literacy and citizenship. Further to this, exploring digital literacy skill needs to be considered from the pre-school education levels.
Development of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA gyrase as a target for antibacterial chemotherapy

© This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that no quotation from the thesis, nor any information derived therefrom, may be published without the authors prior, written consent. Shantanu Karkare Development of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA gyrase as a target for antibacterial chemotherapy
Molecular approaches to environmental microbiology

Introduction. Modern Molecular Techniques and Environmental Microbiology. Molecular Analysis of Plasmid Ecology and Evolution. Ribosomal RNA and the Molecular Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Microbial Populations. Flow Cytometry and Environmental Microbiology. Reporter Gene Technology in Environmental Microbiology. Detection of Environmentally-Important Micro-organisms through Nucleic Acid Hybridization. Immunological Approaches to the Analysis of Microbial Populations. Identification of Microorganisms using Biomarkers and Biochemical Profiles. Indentification of Cyanobacterial Toxins. Application of Oligonucleotide Probes for the Detection of Individual Microbial Cells in Natural Environments. Detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water. Occurrence of Legionella in the Environment. Survival of Bacteria in the Aquatic Environment. Molecular Studies on Field Isolated Agrobacterium.
Physical, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of starch-based film containing ethanolic propolis extract

Summary Propolis is a natural product that meets the requirements as functional additive for food packaging due to its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. In this work, ethanolic propolis extract (EPE) was incorporated in cassava starch films, and characterisations with respect to their microstructure, mechanical properties, water vapour permeability (WVP), moisture sorption kinetics as well as antimicrobial and antioxidant capacities were performed. The results showed that tensile strength was not affected (P > 0.05) by the presence of EPE but Young's modulus decreased about 50% when compared to control films possibly because of EPE plasticiser effect. When 1% EPE was used, changes in moisture sorption properties were detected by a slightly hydrophobic character at films WVP. When extracted from the films, propolis retained its antioxidant activity. The films exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli even at low EPE concentrations (0.5%) mainly due to its phenolic compounds.
Identificação de comunidades bacterianas de solo por seqüenciamento do gene 16S rRNA

Traditional methods of isolation and culture limits the analyses of the microbian diversity in the environment, it is believed that approximately 10% of these microrganisms can be cultivated. The molecular microbian ecology had recent progress through the construction of metagenomics libraries, what constitutes a powerful approach to explore the microbian diversity of soil, also supplying information about the not-cultivating microrganisms of this habitat. This work had for objective the comparison and estimate of the diversity of bacterial communities, in the soil of two areas, which are: soil of Native Forest (SFN) and soil under eucalypts (SAE) of the same region. Using primers, the gene 16S rRNA was amplified by PCR, the amplicons had been cloned in pGEM-T and the obtained clones were sequenced partially. In soil SFN 231 clones were analyzed and in the soil SRE 248 clones. The sequences obtained had were submitted to the similarity analysis of nucleotides with the GenBank database. The bacterial filos that were more distinct in the two types of soil were Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria. In the soil SFN the bacteria pertaining to filo Bacteroidetes was also distinguished and in the soil SAE was observed high frequency of the Actinobacteria bacteria. Filogenetics analyses showed differences in both soils, and verifying through index of bacterial diversity was observed that the soil under eucalypts presented a greater diversity when compared with the soil under the Native Forest.
Dimethyl Sulfide Production and Marine Phytoplankton: The Importance of Species Composition and Cell Size

AbstractThe oceans are the largest natural source of organic sulfur compounds, primarily dimethyl sulfide (DMS), a potentially important factor in the global climate. Significant production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), the precursor of DMS, is confined to a few classes of phytoplankton, primarily the Dinophyceae (dinoflagellates) and Prymnesiophyceae (which includes coccolithophores). Because of this taxonomic relationship and the spatial and temporal heterogenity of these forms of algae, DMS emissions will vary according to their presence. Current values of DMS production may be considerably underestimated due to sampling inadequacies and a lack of information about biological parameters that affected rate of production.
Serological and Molecular Characterization of Streptococcus iniae in Cultured Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Thailand

Streptococcus iniae infections developed in on-growing tilapia farms located in the northeastern and central regions of Thailand during 2003-2011. In the present study, S. iniae isolates recovered from diseased tilapia were investigated using biochemical, serological and molecular techniques. Biochemical characterization showed different profiles. The arginine dihydrolase (ADH) activity was distinctive between S. iniae, isolates obtained from the outbreaks in central region were ADH-positive (ADH+ve) while northeastern isolates were ADH-negative (ADH-ve). The serological assay demonstrated corresponding results to the ADH activity. Serotype I and serotype II were ascribed to the ADH+ve and ADH-ve isolates, respectively. Despite the serotypic differences, phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and superoxide dismutase A (sodA) genes demonstrated high genetic similarity with ≥96%identity amongst S. iniae isolates in Thailand, and isolates from aquatic animals elsewhere.
Mitochondrial D-loop sequence variation among autochthonous horse breeds in Croatia.

Genetic variation in three Croatian coldblood horse populations was analysed using a sequence analysis of the proximal part (nt 15 498-15 821) of the D-loop region of mtDNA. Twenty unrelated horses were chosen from the Posavina horse and the Croatian Coldblood breeds and fifteen horses from the Murinsulaner horse population. Sequencing of the proximal part of the mtDNA D-loop region revealed 26 polymorphic sites representing thirty haplotypes which were clustered into eight haplogroups. A wide variety of mitochondrial haplotypes of the analysed horse breeds were clustered into eight different haplogroups. Two haplogroups (D and F) were specific to Posavina horse, five haplogroups were shared among the Croatian Coldblood and Murinsulaner horse, the fact that can be explained by selection strategy at the beginning of the 20 th century and possible gene flow between the two populations. These results indicate the presence of many ancient maternal lineages with high diversity in mtDNA. The genetic information based on mtDNA typing has a great importance for the future breed conservation strategy, especially for the critically endangered breed such as Murinsulaner horse.
Contributions towards a monograph of Phoma (Coelomycetes) — IV. Section Heterospora: Taxa with large sized conidial dimorphs, in vivo sometimes as Stagonosporopsis synanamorphs

The new section Heterospora is proposed for Phoma species producing not only relatively small, mainly aseptate conidia, but also distinctly larger conidia, which may become 1- or more septate: ‘ascochytoid-stagonosporoid’. The majority of the conidia are always phomoid in vitro, but in vivo they may be predominantly large and septate, synanamorphs being therefore referred to Stagonosporopsis Died. The heterosporous species are described in vitro, with additional data on the conidial morphology in vivo. An addendum deals with eight species from other sections which display a similar conidial dimorphism. Five new species and four new combinations have been proposed: Phoma actaeae spec. nov., Phoma alectorolophi spec. nov., Phoma nigripycnidia spec. nov., Phoma subboltshauseri spec. nov. and Stagonosporopsis dennisii spec. nov.; Phoma dennisii var. oculo-hominis (Punith.) comb. nov., Stagonosporopsis aquilegiae (Rabenh.) comb. nov., Stagonosporopsis bohemica (Kabat & Bubak) comb. nov. and Stagonosporopsis nigripycnidiicola (Ondřej) comb. nov. Indices on host-fungus and fungus-host relations and a key to cultural characteristics are included as well as short comments on their ecology and distribution.