Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LBT-MODS spectroscopy of high-redshift candidates in the 
Chandra J1030 field. A newly discovered z~2.8 large-scale structure

We present the results of a spectroscopic campaign with the Multi-Object Double Spectrograph (MODS) instrument mounted on the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT), aimed at obtaining a spectroscopic redshift for seven Chandra J1030 sources with a photometric redshift>=2.7 and optical magnitude r_AB=[24.5-26.5]. We obtained a spectroscopic redshift for five out of seven targets: all of them have z_spec>=2.5, thus probing the reliability of the Chandra J1030 photometric redshifts. The spectroscopic campaign led to the serendipitous discovery of a z~2.78 large scale structure (LSS) in the J1030 field: the structure contains four X-ray sources (three of which were targeted in the LBT-MODS campaign) and two non-X-ray detected galaxies for which a VLT-MUSE spectrum was already available. The X-ray members of the LSS are hosted in galaxies that are significantly more massive (log(M_*/M_sun)=[10.0-11.1]) than those hosting the two MUSE-detected sources (log(M_*/M_sun)<10). Both observations and simulations show that massive galaxies, and particularly objects having log(M_*/M_sun)>10, are among the best tracers of large scale structures and filaments in the cosmic web. Consequently, our result can explain why X-ray-detected AGN have also been shown to be efficient tracers of large scale structures.
Myriapoda and the ancestry of the hexapoda

Un examen base sur la morphologie structurale et fonctionnelle, y compris des etudes sur les homologies, procure des arguments solides contre l'assertion recente selon laquelle les Crustacea et les Hexapoda seraient des groupes-freres. Une analyse approfondie des taxons de rang eleve anterieurement reunis dans le groupement artificiel des Myriapoda et dont l'etude a souvent ete negligee, confirme le point de vue traditionnel : les Crustaces sont le groupe-frere de tous les autres Mandibulata, c'est-a-dire des Myriapoda et des Hexapoda. L'unite Tracheata (= Atelocerata) est consideree comme monophyletique. Des arguments decisifs sont presentes qui indiquent que les Chilopoda forment l'homologue phylogenetique de tous les autres representants des Tracheata, c'est-a-dire des Progoneata et Hexapoda. L'unite monophyletique constituee par ces taxa, Progoneates et Hexapodes, a ete nommee Labiophora Kraus & Kraus, 1994. Il existe des arguments detailles qui indiquent que les divers points de vue differents sont soit hautement improbables, soit meme errones (par exemple, le maintien des Myriapoda ; la phylogenie des Chilopoda; l'interpretation des pieces buccales des Diplopda + Pauropoda).
Understanding and Managing Social–Ecological Feedbacks in Spatially Structured Recreational Fisheries: The Overlooked Behavioral Dimension

Recreational fisheries are empirically tractable examples of social–ecological systems (SESs) that are characterized by complex interactions and feedbacks ranging from local to regional scales. The feedbacks among the three key compartments of the recreational fisheries SES—individual fish and populations, regionally mobile anglers, and regional and state-level fisheries managers—are strongly driven by behavior, but they are poorly understood. We review and identify factors, antecedents to behaviors, and behaviors most important to the outcomes of the coupled SES of recreational fisheries, which emerge from a range of social–ecological interactions. Using this information, we identify data gaps, suggest how to reduce uncertainty, and improve management advice for recreational fisheries focusing on open-access situations in inland fisheries. We argue that the seemingly micro-scale and local feedbacks between individual fish, fish populations, anglers, and managers lead to the emergence of important macro-s.
TEKNOLOGI FERMENTASI, ALTERNATIF SOLUSI DALAM UPAYA PEMANFAATAN BAHAN PAKAN LOKAL

Upaya pemanfaatan bahan baku pakan alternatif banyak dilakukan dengan menggunakan bahan baku pakan lokal yang mudah didapat dan biasanya berupa limbah yang belum termanfaatkan secara optimal. Akan tetapi, upaya pemanfaatan bahan baku pakan lokal tersebut masih mengalami kendala yaitu tingginya kandungan serat kasar, rendahnya kandungan protein kasar bahan baku, keseimbangan asam amino yang rendah, dan adanya zat anti nutrisi. Hal ini menyebabkan perlunya pengolahan bahan baku pakan lokal tersebut sebelum digunakan sebagai bahan pakan. Salah satu cara pengolahan yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan melalui fermentasi. Secara umum, fermentasi menghasilkan produk yang lebih sederhana dan lebih mudah dicerna dari bahan asalnya. Melalui teknologi fermentasi, dapat dihasilkan perbaikan dan peningkatan nilai nutrisi bahan baku pakan lokal sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal untuk bahan baku pakan ikan.
Detection and determination of oxytetracycline and penicillin G antibiotic residue levels in bovine bulk milk from Debre Zeit and Nazareth dairy farms

A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2007 and May 2008 to detect and determine oxytetracycline and penicillin G residue levels in bulk milk of cows in Debre Zeit dairy farms. A total of 400 bulk milk samples were randomly collected in the respective study dairy farms. A questionnaire survey was carried out by personal interviews with dairy farm owners in Delvotest positive farms (cases) and Delvotest negative farms (controls) to identify various risk factors and to determine associations among the occurrence of antibiotic residue in milk. All samples were qualitatively screened for antibiotic residues by Delvotest SP assay. Concentration of the positive samples was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Concentrations were established using linear calibration reference curves. Out of 400 samples analyzed for antibiotic residue, 34 (8.5%) milk samples were positive for antibiotic residues. The mean residue level of oxytetracycline was 142. 00μg/l that of penicillin G was 4. 77μg/l. Oxytetracycline concentratyions in all samples is ranged at a concentration between 27μg/l -251μg/l. The antibiotic residue positive samples which showed residues of oxytetracycline above the WTO/FAO/CAC established maximum residue limit of 100gμ/l were 24 (70.58%). For penicillin G with maximum residue limit of 4μg/l, they were 7 (20.58%). Penicillin G was found in some milk samples of (58.8%) dairy farms. The result obtained confirmed that oxytetracycline and penicillin G were imprudently used in dairy farms.
Effects of Photoperiod on Reproductive Development in Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

When velvetleaf plants from Mississippi and Minnesota populations were maintained in growth chambers with day/night temperatures of 29/23 C and photoperiods of 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 h, flower buds and open flowers appeared first in the 12 h photoperiod. Buds and flowers appeared 2 to 4 d later at photoperiods of 11, 13, or 14 h. Increasing the photoperiod beyond 14 h to 15 h delayed bud appearance an additional 7 d in the MN plants and 12 d in the MS plants. Open flowers appeared four to five nodes higher, 10 d later at 15 than at 14 h in the MN plants and 20 d later in the MS plants. Vegetative shoot weight and fruit weight 73 d after emergence were greater in 13 h or longer photoperiods than at 11 or 12 h. In shorter photoperiods, MN plants produced more vegetative growth than MS plants, but the reverse occurred at longer photoperiods where MS plants were taller than MN plants. These growth differences occurred because earlier shifts in allocation to reproductive growth in MN plants limited their vegetative growth, particularly in the longest photoperiods. Differences in rate of reproductive development between populations were not evident until photoperiod exceeded 13 h. Reciprocal transfer of plants of the MS population between short and long photoperiods revealed the durations of the juvenile (pre-inductive), inductive, and post-inductive phases to be 3 to 5, 7 to 8 (short day) or 30 (long day), and 10 to 11 d, respectively. Differences in competitive ability among latitudinal biotypes of photoperiodically-sensitive weeds may depend on time of emergence in the field and consequent photoperiod exposure. Weed growth simulation models to be used in development of expert systems for weed management should take photoperiodic sensitivity into account.
Use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to suppress the effects of ochratoxicosis in broiler chickens

In the present study, effect of inclusion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) in ochratoxin A (OTA) contaminated diet to ameliorate ochratoxicosis in broiler chickens was investigated. Day-old broiler chicks (240) were divided into 6 treatment groups (T1, control; T2, T1 + 200 ppb OTA; T3,T1 + 0.05% SC; T4, T1 + 0.1% SC; T5, T2 + 0.05% SC; T6, T2 + 0.1% SC). Each diet was fed to 5 replicated groups of 8 birds each from 0 to 42 days of age. During overall growth period (0–6 weeks), the body weight gain (BWG) of birds in ochratoxin alone fed group (T2) was lower than that of control group (T1). The BWG of group T5 was higher than T2 but lower than that of control (T1) indicating that addition of S. cerevisiae at 0.05% level partially ameliorated the adverse effects of ochratoxicosis on BWG of birds. The BWG in group T6 was higher than T2 and statistically equal to that of control, indicating that addition of S. cerevisiae at 0.1% level to the ochratoxin contaminated feed ameliorated the adverse effects of ochratoxin on BWG. Ochratoxin contamination in diet caused significant reduction in feed intake. Addition of S. cerevisiae to the ochratoxin contaminated feed ameliorated the adverse effects of ochratoxicosis on feed consumption. During 0–6 weeks of age, the FCR of control group (T1) was lower than that of ochratoxin alone fed group (T2). Ochratoxin (200 ppb) contamination of broiler diet caused higher mortality compared to control. Inclusion of S. cerevisiae (0.1%) to the ochratoxin contaminated feed improved FCR and reduced mortality. Supplementation of 0.1% S. cerevisiae to the 200 ppb OTA contaminated diet also resulted in significant improvement in the relative weight of liver and bursa. It was concluded that 200 ppb ochratoxin in broiler diet impaired the production performance in terms of body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, mortality and relative organ weights. Incorporation of 0.1% S. cerevisiae to the ochratoxin contaminated diet ameliorated the ill effects of ochratoxicosis as evidenced through production performance and relative weight of organs during 0–6 weeks of age in broiler chickens.
Connectivity and stock composition of loggerhead turtles foraging on the North African continental shelf (Central Mediterranean): implications for conservation and management

The loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta, is a highly migratory species with a complex life cycle that involves a series of ontogenetic habitat shifts and migrations. Understanding the links amongst nesting populations and foraging habitats is essential for the effective management of the species. Here we used mixed stock analysis to examine the natal origin of loggerhead turtles foraging on the North African continental shelf off Tunisia, one of the most important Mediterranean neritic habitats. An 815-bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region was sequenced from 107 individuals sampled from 2007 to 2009. No temporal variation in haplotype frequencies was detected. Juveniles (n = 87) and adults (n = 23) exhibited weak but significant genetic differentiation that resulted in different stock compositions. Libya was the main source population but the proportion of turtles from this rookery was higher in adults (median = 80%) than in juveniles (median = 35%). Western Greece was the second most important contributing population. Juvenile stock composition derived from mixed stock analysis and the estimates produced by numerical simulation of hatchling dispersion in the Mediterranean Sea were significantly correlated, supporting the recent theory that loggerheads imprint on possible future neritic habitats during the initial phase of their life. This association was not significant for adults, suggesting that other factors contribute to shaping their distribution. Overall, our results show that human activities on the South Tunisian continental shelf pose an immediate threat to the survival of the Libyan rookery.
Seroprevalence of Avian Pox and Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Raptors in Central Illinois

Abstract We assessed prevalence of the bacterium Mycoplasma gallisepticum and virus Avipoxvirus in seven species of raptors admitted to the Illinois Raptor Center from 1 January 2014 to 1 September 2015. We used visual identification of pathology to diagnose current infections and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for avian IgY antibodies against each pathogen to determine infection history of the birds. Seroprevalence of IgY against each pathogen differed significantly among species. Species that commonly prey upon birds had a greater prevalence of antibodies against each pathogen. Our finding of infrequent physical signs of disease, but frequent antibody presence, suggests that although exposure to each of these pathogens is not a rare occurrence, these raptors are capable of mounting an effective adaptive immune response and preventing development of pathology in most cases.
Luminescence study of grown sapphire: from starting material to single crystal

The results of a systematic study of photoluminescence (PL) properties of un-doped sapphire crystals grown using different starting materials on various crystal growth methods (CZ, EFG, HDSM, Kyropoulus, HEM) are presented. Narrow line of emission has been attributed to radiation transition in Cr3+ ions (R-line), while the nature of red wide band (RWB) of emission (600-850 nm) is still under question. Integral intensities of R-line and RWB were analyzed and their dependences on type of starting raw materials and of the method of crystal growth were shown. The crystals grown using Vernuil starting material exhibited significant PL in all utilized methods. On the contrary, sapphire samples grown by the same technologies wherein EMT HPDAR (High Purity Densified Alumina) was the starting material revealed much lower PL. HPDAR is produced by EMT, Inc. with proprietary and patented technology. The concentrations of various metal impurities such as Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni, H were measured. Effect of these impurities on luminescence intensity and especially the role of hydrogen incorporated into sapphire lattice are discussed. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Virus infection of Emiliania huxleyi deters grazing by the copepod Acartia tonsa

 BIGELOW LABORATORY FOR OCEAN SCIENCES,  BIGELOW DRIVE, EAST BOOTHBAY, ME , USA , UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, YUMA AGRICULTURE CENTER,  W TH ST, YUMA, AZ , USA, UNIVERSITY OF MAINE, SCHOOL OF MARINE SCIENCES, DARLING MARINE CENTER,  CLARKS COVE ROAD, WALPOLE, ME , USA, THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY,  W. TH AVE, COLUMBUS, OH , USA AND SIR ALISTER HARDY FOUNDATION FOR OCEAN SCIENCE, THE LABORATORY, CITADEL HILL, PLYMOUTH, PL PB, UK
Bayesian optimization of metastable nickel formation during the spontaneous crystallization under extreme conditions

Spontaneous crystallization of metals under extreme conditions is a unique phenomenon occurring under far-from-equilibrium conditions that could enable the development of revolutionary and disruptive metastable metals with unusual properties. In this work, the formation of the hexagonal close-packed nickel (hcp-Ni) metastable phase during spontaneous crystallization is studied using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, with the goal of maximizing the fraction of this metastable phase in the final state. We employ Bayesian optimization (BO) with the Gaussian processes (GPs) regression as the surrogate model to maximize the hcp-Ni phase fraction, where temperature and pressure are control variables. MD simulations provide data for training the GP model, which is then used with BO to predict the next simulation condition. Such BO-guided active learning leads to a maximum hcp-Ni fraction of 43.38% in the final crystallized phase within 40 iterations when a face-centered cubic crystallite serves as the seed for crystallization from the amorphous phase. When an hcp seed is used, the maximum hcp-Ni fraction in the final crystal increases to 58.25% with 13 iterations. This study shows the promise of using BO to identify the process conditions that can maximize the rare phases. This method can also be generally applicable to process optimization to achieve target material properties.
Antibacterial activity and mechanism of the ethanol extracts from Sonchus brachyotus DC.

ABSTRACT Sonchus brachyotus DC. (S. brachyotus) is considered a vegetable, and rarely considered to be medicinal. However, S. brachyotus is used as a kind of traditional folk herb in Europe. Pharmacological studies are necessary in order to provide a scientific basis to substantiate their use. This study investigated the antimicrobial effect and mechanism of action of the ethanol extract from S. brachyotus. Ethanol extract from S. brachyotus exhibited antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella enteric, Staphylococcus aureus, and Micrococcus luteus; this is especially so in the case of E. coli. This study investigated the novel antibacterial mechanism of ethanol extract from S. brachyotus that shows an apoptosis-like response in E. coli. At all the tested concentration, it was found that ethanol extract from S. brachyotus–treated E. coli cells displayed various apoptotic markers, such as membrane damage, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and membrane depolarization. Expression of caspases protein, which mediates a bacterial apoptosis–like response, was also increased by ethanol extract from S. brachyotus. In order to evaluate the influence of caspases on the appearance of other apoptotic markers, phosphatidylserine exposure and DNA fragmentation were detected and compared with untreated and with ethanol extract from S. brachyotus. These characteristics were detected in E. coli cells, but not in untreated, with ethanol extract from S. brachyotus. In conclusion, the data obtained demonstrated that ethanol extract from S. brachyotus induces an apoptosis-like response in E. coli that associates with caspase-like protein.
Antioxidant activity and flavor compounds of hickory yogurt

ABSTRACT Hickory milk and reconstituted milk (about 12 g/100 g total solid) were mixed in the proportion of 3:7 by volume to prepare hickory milk yogurt. Cow milk yogurt was used as control. The acidity and total count of lactic acid bacteria of hickory milk yogurt were not significantly different from cow milk yogurt (p > 0.05). Compared with cow milk yogurt, hickory milk yogurt had higher total solids, fat, crude protein, and amino acids, but lower ash and not-fat solids. Sensory evaluation showed that the appearance and flavor scores of hickory milk yogurt had no significant difference from cow milk yogurt (p > 0.05), but the texture score was significantly higher (p < 0.05). IC50 values in relation to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (46.88 and 26.70 g/L) of hickory milk yogurt were significantly lower than those of cow milk yogurt which suggested that the antioxidant activity of hickory milk yogurt was significantly higher than cow milk yogurt (p < 0.05). There were 30 and 28 kinds of volatile compounds identified in hickory milk yogurt and cow milk yogurt, respectively. Compared with cow milk yogurt, the concentration of acetaldehyde, hexanal, nonanal, 2-nonanone, caproic acid, heptylic acid, and nonanoic acid in hickory milk yogurt increased significantly, and the concentration of benzaldehyde, 2,3-pentanedione, 2,3-butanedione, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, acetic acid, butyric acid, and benzoic acid decreased significantly (p < 0.05).
Morphology and phylogeny of two new ciliates, Sterkiella sinica sp. nov. and Rubrioxytricha tsinlingensis sp. nov. (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Hypotrichia) from north-west China

Two new hypotrichous ciliates, Sterkiella sinica sp. nov. and Rubrioxytricha tsinlingensis sp. nov., were isolated from two different locations in China (the former from the upper 10 cm of soil in the Sangke Grassland, southern Gansu Province and the latter from a freshwater pond in the northern part of the Tsinling Mountains, south-western Shaanxi Province). We describe their morphology, infraciliature, and molecular phylogeny. Compared with its congeners, S. sinica sp. nov. is characterized by an elongate oval to elliptical shape with the anterior end narrowly rounded and the posterior end broadly rounded, consistently 18 frontoventral transverse cirri, cirrus III/2 farther toward the anterior than cirrus IV/3 and closer to cirrus IV/3 than to paroral, cirrus V/3 closer to cirrus V/4 than cirrus V/2, cirrus V/2 closer to cirrus VI/2 than cirrus V/3, three caudal cirri narrowly separated and not elongated, and terrestrial habitat. Compared with its congeners, R. tsinlingensis sp. nov. is characterized by a length in vivo of 100–180 μm, yellow-brown in colour, two macronuclear nodules and two or three micronuclei, yellow-green cortical granules, marginal rows almost confluent posteriorly, six dorsal kineties and three caudal cirri, caudal cirri and dorsal bristles almost indistinguishable when viewed in vivo, and freshwater habitat. Phylogenetic analyses based on small-subunit rRNA sequences revealed S. sinica sp. nov. associates most closely with Sterkiella sp. JS-2012d although the genus Sterkiella is not monophyletic. Rubrioxytricha tsinlingensis sp. nov. and R. ferruginea cluster together within a clade that also includes R. haematoplasma, Ponturostyla enigmatica and Pseudocyrtohymena koreana. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:27060A1C-F0D4-4FB2-866A-66F939B12105
Factors affecting fledgling output of great tits, "Parus major", in the long term

Factores que afectan a la produccion de volantones en el carbonero comun, Parus major , a largo plazo La produccion de volantones ha sido frecuentemente utilizada para estimar el exito reproductor de las aves y esta condicionada por factores que afectan al desarrollo de los pollos, a la supervivencia o a ambos durante su estancia en el nido. Nuestro objetivo en este trabajo fue determinar los factores predictores que influyen en la produccion de volantones a partir de un conjunto de parametros reproductivos basicos y temperaturas locales recopilados durante 25 anos en una poblacion mediterranea de carbonero comun, Parus major , haciendo uso de criterios de informacion para la seleccion de modelos. De las variables estudiadas, el numero de huevos eclosionados por nido resulto ser el factor predictor con mayor influencia en la produccion de volantones, de tal forma que las puestas mas grandes originaron mas volantones, si bien el peso de los pollos antes de abandonar el nido podria haberse visto comprometido. Este resultado sugiere que hay un buen ajuste general entre el tamano de puesta y la disponibilidad de recursos en la poblacion estudiada.