Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Error Reduction in Data Prediction using Least Square Regression Method

1Integrated M.Sc. Student, Department of Mathematics, NIT Patna 2Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Patna ----------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract In this paper, least square regression method is modified by implementing the most fitted data from the prediction divided into three parts, first part is used for the prediction using least square regression method and some part of its data is fitted with the second part of original data to minimize the error. Also, the pattern of data fitting is traced out and further used for new modified model of least square regression method. The validation of proposed model is done by matching the predicted data with layer to use it for further prediction. In short, firstly data is the third part of original data, and the effectiveness of proposed model is calculated by finding mean absolute error, mean relative error, root mean square error. These errors are compared with the error found from original least square regression method. In the proposed model, least square regression method is considered as the base and it is refined by shifting the predicted value to the most fitted value of input dataset. Further introduced method is checked for its validity by taking some test data. The method shows the excellent results with minimizing errors and noises.
Mutation Analysis of HIV-1 Primary Protein Sequences

Many human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infected persons are treated with multiple protease and reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors. Due to high variability of the virus strains these drug classes often lead to the development of drug resistance. This process is accompanied by intensive mutations in the (HIV pol gene) virus protease and reverse transcriptase. But only a subset of treatment-associated mutations is responsible for establishing drug-resistance. The proposed method is designed to detect protease and RT mutations responsible for drug-resistance surveillance and support decisions on further treatment regimen.
LES predictions of mixing enhancement for Jets In Cross-Flows

The efficiency of a set of mixing enhancement devices on an array of Jets In Cross-Flow (JICF) is studied using Large Eddy Simulation (LES). The baseline flow is a rectangular channel flow on which five JICF’s are installed on each wall (upper and lower). Mixing devices are fixed tabs installed upstream of the jets. Instantaneous analyses of the LES fields reveal two large vortical structures developing downstream of the mixing device. These structures strongly enhance mixing. Comparisons of the statistically averaged LES predictions against experimental results validate the predictions. The mixing devices provide a better spatial and temporal homogeneity of the gas mixture at the exit of the main duct. Even though full temporal and spatial homogeneity of the gas mixture prior to combustion is not guaranteed with this design, the probability of finding strong inhomogeneous zones is reduced. More generally, this study confirms the power of LES to help design actuating devices for flow and mixing control. PACS numbers: 00.00, 20.00, 42.10 CERFACS number: TR/CFD/03/11 § To whom correspondence should be addressed. LES of mixing enhancement 2
2‐Deoxy‐2‐[18F]fluoro‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography, cortical thickness and white matter graph network abnormalities in brains of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia suggest early neuronopathy rather than axonopathy

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron disorder, although extra‐motor degeneration is well recognized, especially in frontotemporal regions manifested as ALS with frontotemporal dementia (ALS‐FTD). Previous neuroimaging studies of the brains of ALS‐FTD patients have measured abnormalities of either grey matter (GM) or white matter (WM) structures but not of both together. Therefore, the aim was to evaluate both GM and WM in the same ALS‐FTD patient using functional and structural neuroimaging. By doing so, insights could be gained into whether neurodegeneration in ALS‐FTD is primarily a neuronopathy or axonopathy.
2. Identification and phylogenetic analysis of Trichogramma population from sugarcane ecosystem

Determining the genetic diversity among the populations of natural enemies can help in identifying the strain best suited to a particular geographical location. A combination of molecular methods like Internal Transcribed Spacer region 2 (ITS2) sequence analysis and RAPD markers were employed to study the genetic diversity in the extensively used biocontrol agent, Trichogramma. The BLASTN of the diagnostic ITS2 region classified all the populations as Trichogramma chilonis Ishii barring the population from Andhra Pradesh ecosystem. The population from Andhra Pradesh was identified as Trichogramma pretiosum. The respective sequences of the ITS2 region have been submitted in Nucleic acid database. The dominant markers like RAPD gave 19% polymorphic bands with population specific markers for eight populations. The Trichogramma populations in the Indian subcontinent are genetically related as revealed from the ITS2 sequence and RAPD analysis can provide some clues for effective biological control. Hence, the present study provides data critical to the successful biological control using Trichogramma species.
Two‐Photon polymerization for microfabrication of three‐dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering application

In natural tissues cells are embedded in a three‐dimensional fibrous network of biopolymers like collagen, hyaluronic acid etc. This extracellular matrix (ECM) influences the cell fate, the differentiation status, metabolic processes and provides structural integrity. For a three‐dimensional or physiological cell cultivation that are required in biomedical applications (e.g. tissue engineering, BioMEMS) scaffolds are needed. These scaffolds mimic the ECM according to their biocompatibility which comprises aspects of surface compatibility and importantly for tissue engineering applications aspects of structural compatibility. We have evaluated scaffold design parameters for the three‐dimensional cultivation of chondrocytes for the tissue engineering of artificial cartilage. Two‐photon polymerization is a powerful technique for fabrication of polymeric three‐dimensional micro‐ and submicro‐structures. The photoinitiation system for two‐photon polymerization is excited by simultaneous absorption of two photons leading to chemical polymerization reactions. Due to a tight confinement of the excitation volume around the focal point, this method can produce micrometer sized objects maintaining a high spatial resolution down to 100 nm. Two‐photon processes require very high photon densities which are provided by pulsed femtosecond lasers. The potential of this approach for microfabrication of scaffolds for tissue engineering is demonstrated by investigation of the cell response to microstructures with complex three‐dimensional geometry and feature sizes in the range of few micrometers.
VIAL-AD: Visual Interactive Labelling for Anomaly Detection - An Approach and Open Research Questions

In anomaly detection problems the available data is often not or not fully labelled. This leads to results that are usually significantly worse than in balanced classification problems. In this short paper VIAL-AD is proposed, which addresses this problem with a sequence of unsupervised, semi-supervised and supervised machine learning models allowing a user to interactively label data points. This allows to move towards supervised anomaly detection, starting with unlabelled data. The approach is introduced and identified open research questions are discussed.
A novel protocol to prepare cell probes for the quantification of microbial adhesion and biofilm initiation on structured bioinspired surfaces using AFM for single‐cell force spectroscopy

We present a novel protocol that uses single‐cell force spectroscopy to characterize the bacteria‐to‐surface interactions involved in early steps of biofilm formation. Bacteria are immobilized as a monolayer by electrostatic interactions on a polyethylenimine‐coated silica bead, and the Escherichia coli‐bead complex is then glued on a tipless cantilever. We validated our new protocol by comparing to earlier published methods using single bacteria, but in contrast to these, which carry out bacterial attachment to the bead after fixation to the cantilever, our protocol results in more reliable production of usable cell probes. Measurements of interactions of E. coli with bio‐inspired surfaces by single‐cell force spectroscopy yielded comparable detachment forces to those found with the previous methods.
Disconnecting a role for DNA repair in the pathogenicity of the human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans

C. neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen causing fatal meningitis and lung infections. Worldwide every year around 625,000 deaths occur due to Cryptococcosis. A basic understanding of Cryptococcus virulence mechanisms and survival strategies is required to combat the infections and develop therapies through translational research. Considering the evidence of a role of DNA repair in pathogenesis, I investigated DNA repair strategies adopted by Cryptococcus to survive in the environment and to cause successful infection. The repair of UV induced DNA damage was studied for two genes: UVE1 and RAD23, parts of base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair pathways, respectively. My findings suggest that UVE1 is required to combat UV induced stress. Uve1 is a mitochondrially-localized enzyme that functions to protect the mitochondrial genome from the deleterious effects of UV-induced DNA damage. Another aspect explored was the regulation of UVE1 by the Bwc1-Bwc2 photoreceptor complex. UVE1 is a direct downstream target of Bwc1-Bwc2 and is responsible for the UV sensitivity phenotype governed by this complex, without affecting mating or virulence. The regulation of UVE1
Genetic Transformation of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

It introduced cry IA(b) to sorghum restorer line 0-30 mediated by Agrobacterium Tumefaciens.An optimum protocol of transformation has been established and 70 regenerated seedlings from transformants has been obtained.GUS and PCR of seedlings revealed that cryIA(b) has been transferred to 0-30 genomes.It also detected GUS gne transient expression. Disease resistance of regenerated seedlings from transformants will be conducted later.
Bionomics and behavior of the wolf spider,Pardosa pseudoannulata(Araneae: Lycosidae)

Bionomics and behavior of the wolf spider,Pardosa pseudoannulata were studied through field and laboratory observation.In the experiment,as expected,the spider overwintered with spiderlings,sub-adults and adults,and their distribution pattern belongs to aggregation.It had 2-3 generations each year in the Northwestern Hunan province.The duration of the 3rd generation was the longest,and that of the 2nd generation was the shortest.The spiders began to move into the rice field from the farmland in the last ten-day of April.There were three oviposition peaks in the rice field.Usually,the wolf spider is a wanderer and it can also step or jump on the crop,land on the ground and water surface,and even move under water when frightened.Female and male mated several times one year,and one female could lay 5 egg-sacs at the most,and one egg-sac had 156 eggs on average in the experimental population.Females usually had a strong ability to protect their egg-sacs by carrying them in front of thorax when encountering an attacker.As expected,the hatched spiderlings made their way safely to the mother's back in aggregation mode.Three to five days later,they began to leave their mother and dispersed.The peak of dispersion occurred after six to seven days,and they had the capability to attack prey.The spiderling stage was 47-158 d.The adult period was 121-236 d.But the average survival duration of adult female was 21-62 d longer than that of adult male.The sex ratios of female to male were less than one in all generations except the second one.The courtship and mating behaviors of the adult spiders and characteristics of the spiderlings and sub-adult spiders were described in detail in this paper.Its starvation tolerance was stronger than its drought tolerance in the laboratory.
Development of Crop Coefficient Curves for Different Growth Periods of Kharif Groundnut

Groundnut is one of the main irrigated crops in the Udaipur (arid and semiarid) region of the Rajasthan state of India. The rapid decline of water table in these regions, however, has led to an urgent need for a reduction of irrigation to make agriculture in these regions sustainable. A detailed investigation on the water requirements is required for the efficient management of the scarce water resources in this region. A crop coefficient is required to estimate the crop water requirement by the FAO method. For most of the agricultural crops, a relation can be established between evapotranspiration and climate by the introduction of the crop coefficient (Kc), which is the ratio of crop evapotranspiration (ETC) and reference evapotranspiration (ET0) (Doorenbos and Pruitt, 1977). Doorenbos and Kasam (1979), and Jensen et al. (1990) reported different crop coefficients for various crops. The empirical information about crop coefficients for groundnut growing in arid and semiarid region of Udaipur is not yet available.
ERRATUM

Correction for McGlothlin (2010) In a recent paper (McGlothlin 2010), I extended the method of combining selection gradients from multiple episodes of selection, first developed by Arnold and Wade (1984) and Wade and Kalisz (1989), to include nonlinear selection gradients. A mistaken assumption led to an error in the section of that paper regarding selection on males and females. My original equation (18) made the implicit assumption that the total change in the phenotypic (co)variance matrix P could be expressed as an average of the change in each sex, or
Convergence and divergence of old-field vegetation after 11 yr of nitrogen addition

Eleven years of data from experimental nitrogen gradients in three old fields and in native savanna are used to test the hypothesis that similarity of resource availability should influence similarity of plant species composition. Vegetation became less similar on plots that received different amounts of nitrogen. The difference in vegetation between plots was a function of both the difference in added nitrogen and the absolute levels of added nitrogen. Changes in similarity on plots that received the same amount of nitrogen were influenced by initial species composition, the amount of added nitrogen, and the rate of colonization by species not initially present on plots. Replicates of many treatments initially became less similar, only to increase in similarity after 3-6 yr. Data are generally consistent with predictions made in 1988, and clearly illustrate the importance of long- term responses to experimental manipulations.
Evolution of BDNF Full-Length/Truncated Receptor Ratio and Cognitive/General Functioning After a First Episode of Psychosis

Brain plasticity has demonstrated to play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Cognitive deterioration in these patients can be prevented by ensuring the adequate functioning of signaling pathways associated with brain plasticity. As BDNF exerts its action through receptors, in this study, we hypothesized that levels of some BDNF receptors during a first episode of psychosis (FEP) would correlate with the cognitive and global functioning of patients in the long term. We also hypothesized that the improvement of the ratio of full-length (TrKB-FL) and truncated (TrKB-T) TrKB receptors, and the predominance of the full-length isoform would be associated with better cognition and functioning. Peripheral levels of full-length (TrKB-FL) and truncated (TrKB-T) TrKB receptors were assessed in a sample of 97 FEP patients and 97 matched healthy controls. TrKB-FL/TrKB-T ratio(hereinafter, FL/T) was calculated for each patient. Cognitive and global functioning was measured at inclusion and at two years. A high baseline FL/T ratio was found to be related to a better cognitive function (global cognition, verbal memory, working memory and premorbid IQ). Cognitive performance at disease onset and at two years improved when the levels of the ratio were higher than one, with functional BDNF receptor (TrKB-FL) exceeding the value of the truncated isoform (TrKB-T). In addition the increase in the FL/T ratio during the two years of follow-up had positive effects on global functioning. This may be due either to a reduction in TrKB-T or to an increase in TrKB-FL, or both. In conclusion FL / T ratio was related to general functioning and cognition in the long-term.
Aedes, Wolbachia and Dengue

We present a model of infection by Wolbachia of an Aedes aegypti population. This model is designed to take into account both the biology of this infection and any available field. The objective is to use this model for predicting the sustainable introduction of this bacteria. We provide a complete mathematical analysis of the model proposed and give the basic reproduction ratio l R0 for Wolbachia. We observe a bistability phenomenon. Two equilibria are asymptotically stable : an equilibrium where all the population is uninfected and an equilibria where all the population is infected. A third unstable equilibrium exists. We are in a backward bifurcation situation. The bistable situations occurs with natural biological values for the parameters. Our model is an example of an epidemiological model with only vertical transmission. This infection model is then coupled with a classical dengue model. We prove that for the complete model the equilibrium with Wolbachia for the mosquitoes and without dengue for the human is asymptotically stable for sensible values of the parameters. We prove that, if a sufficiently large population of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes is introduced, dengue will disappear. We use the data of a real trial of releases of infected mosquitoes in Cairns (Australia) to calibrate our model. The calibrated model behaves remarkably well vis a vis the observed field. Then we use then the calibrated model to simulate different scenarios of appearance of dengue. We assume a worst case scenarios of dengue epidemics development and take the large R0 estimation available in the literature which seems to be 24. The simulations confirm our findings, that a dengue epidemics will not occur if Wolbachia infections is sufficiently prevalent in the Aedes populations. This suggests that the introduction of Wolbachia} can become an effective control tool for dengue.
Joint effects of density dependence and rainfall on abundance of San Joaquin kit fox

We analyzed time-series abundances of San Joaquin kit fox estimated during 1983-95 on the Naval Petroleum Reserves in California (NPRC). For the analysis, we modified a model of density-dependent, stochastic population growth to include the lagged effects of a weather covariate (vegetation growing season rainfall). Without the covariate in the model, a statistical test failed to detect significant density dependence in fluctuating kit fox abundances. However, when the covariate was added, strong density dependence was detected. According to an information-theoretic model-selection index, the model with both density dependence and rainfall is far superior to the models that result from deleting one or more of these factors. The 2-year time lag in the response of kit fox abundances to changes in rainfall is consistent with biological expectations of how rainfall affects habitat carrying capacity for kit fox. An additional covariate, a coyote abundance index, failed to improve the model. A population viability analysis (PVA) performed with the combined density dependence-rainfall model suggests that the San Joaquin kit fox on NPRC could face a risk of up to 52% of falling to low levels within 20 years.
The ecologist's field guide to sequence‐based identification of biodiversity

The past 100 years of ecological research has seen substantial progress in understanding the natural world and likely effects of change, whether natural or anthropogenic. Traditional ecological approaches underpin such advances, but would additionally benefit from recent developments in the sequence‐based quantification of biodiversity from the fields of molecular ecology and genomics. By building on a long and rich history of molecular taxonomy and taking advantage of the new generation of DNA sequencing technologies, we are gaining previously impossible insights into alpha and beta diversity from all domains of life, irrespective of body size. While a number of complementary reviews are available in specialist journals, our aim here is to succinctly describe the different technologies available within the omics toolbox and showcase the opportunities available to contemporary ecologists to advance our understanding of biodiversity and its potential roles in ecosystems. Starting in the field, we walk the reader through sampling and preservation of genomic material, including typical taxonomy marker genes used for species identification. Moving on to the laboratory, we cover nucleic acid extraction approaches and highlight the principal features of using marker gene assessment, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, single‐cell genomics and targeted genome sequencing as complementary approaches to assess the taxonomic and functional characteristics of biodiversity. We additionally provide clear guidance on the forms of DNA found in the environmental samples (e.g. environmental vs. ancient DNA) and highlight a selection of case studies, including the investigation of trophic relationships/food webs. Given the maturity of sequence‐based identification of prokaryotes and microbial eukaryotes, more exposure is given to macrobial communities. We additionally illustrate current approaches to genomic data analysis and highlight the exciting prospects of the publicly available data underpinning published sequence‐based studies. Given that ecology ‘has to count’, we identify the impact that molecular genetic analyses have had on stakeholders and end‐users and predict future developments for the fields of biomonitoring. Furthermore, we conclude by highlighting future opportunities in the field of systems ecology afforded by effective engagement between the fields of traditional and molecular ecology.