Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical course of cardiomyopathy in HIV-infected patients with or without encephalopathy related to the myocardial expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide synthase.

OBJECTIVE To define whether the development of encephalopathy influences the clinical course of HIV-associated cardiomyopathy (HIV-DCM) in relation to the myocardial expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING University hospitals and AIDS centres. METHODS 115 HIV-infected patients with echocardiographic diagnosis of HIV-associated cardiomyopathy (34 with encephalopathy and 81 without encephalopathy) were followed for a mean of 24 +/- 3.2 months. All patients underwent endomyocardial biopsy for determination of myocardial immunostaining intensity of TNF-alpha and iNOS. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with encephalopathy was examined for the presence of viruses. Patients underwent clinical examination every 3 months and echocardiographic examination every 6 months. The intensity of TNF-alpha and iNOS immunostaining was also evaluated on postmortem cerebral tissue of patients who died of congestive heart failure (CHF). RESULTS A greater impairment of echocardiographic parameters was observed in patients with HIV-associated cardiomyopathy after development of encephalopathy. These parameters tended to worsen progressively during the follow-up period and were inversely correlated with HIV-1 viral load, CD4 cell count, mini mental status score and the intensity of myocardial and cerebral TNF-alpha and iNOS staining. CSF specimens were available in 29 patients with encephalopathy. HIV-1 sequences were detected in CSF of all these patients with cytomegalovirus sequences in two. The mortality rate for CHF was greater among patients with encephalopathy (73% versus 12%). CONCLUSIONS The development of encephalopathy has an adverse effect on the clinical course of HIV-associated cardiomyopathy. In the relationship between cardiomyopathy and encephalopathy, the activation of iNOS by TNF-alpha may have a significant pathogenetic role in HIV disease.
A partitioned recursive algorithm for the estimation of dynamical and initial-condition parameters from cross-sectional data

Many practical applications require the simultaneous estimation of unknown dynamical parameters and unknown initial means and covariances from an ensemble of tests. A recursive algorithm which asymptotically obtains the maximum likelihood estimate of both sets of unknown parameters is presented. The computational requirements of the algorithm are greatly reduced by partitioning the parameter vector into initial and dynamical parameters and making use of a sufficient statistic as an intermediate variable for the estimation of initial condition parameters. This partitioning leads to a two-tier filter for calculating some of the required parameter sensitivities. The results are illustrated by an application to a simplified robotic system.
Responsivity to Offspring's Expression of Emotion Among Childhood-Onset Depressed Mothers

This study examined responsivity of mothers with childhood-onset depression (COD) in relation to children's overt expression of positive and negative emotion. It was hypothesized that COD and control mothers would differ in contingent responsivity to their children's expression of both positivity and different types of negative emotionality. Using observations and maternal reports of their own emotional reactions, COD mothers were found to be less responsive to children's expression of distress. A Gender × Group interaction was also found with respect to observed maternal responsiveness to child positivity, such that COD mothers were more responsive to girls' than boys' expression of positivity. The results are discussed in reference to transactional models of early child psychopathology.
"The regular routine": proactive policing and adolescent development among young, poor black men.

Over the last several decades, proactive policing, in which departments use data on reported crimes to determine where local police officers will target their surveillance, has increased police contact with residents in certain neighborhoods. Drawing on field research conducted over a three-year period (2007-2010) among adult and adolescent African American men in a San Francisco neighborhood with a concentrated poor, Black population, I provide an ethnographic account of routine encounters with the police that structure adolescent boys' daily lives in potentially significant ways. I build on Erving Goffman's discussion of "patterns of mortification" to describe how typical encounters unfold in the day-to-day lives of young men and consider the implications of such encounters for healthy adolescent development.
Voltage source grid-connected PV inverters based on MPPT and droop control

Compared with typical current controlled PV inverters, voltage controlled PV inverters based on droop control are easier to achieve seamless transfer between the stand-alone mode and the grid-connected mode. This paper achieves both seamless transfer and the maximum power point (MPP) tracking (MPPT) by adjusting droop curves dynamically, combining MPPT and P-f droop control. The DC voltage is difficult to control during grid connecting which will affect both the stability of the system and the MPPT efficiency. To solve this problem, a control method is proposed which includes an active power inner loop and a DC voltage outer loop. At last simulation and experimental results validate the proposed control strategy and show that DC voltage response is fast and stable. Both seamless transfer and MPPT operation modes are realized.
Structure and mechanism of the RuvB Holliday junction branch migration motor.

The RuvB hexamer is the chemomechanical motor of the RuvAB complex that migrates Holliday junction branch-points in DNA recombination and the rescue of stalled DNA replication forks. The 1.6 A crystal structure of Thermotoga maritima RuvB together with five mutant structures reveal that RuvB is an ATPase-associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA+-class ATPase) with a winged-helix DNA-binding domain. The RuvB-ADP complex structure and mutagenesis suggest how AAA+-class ATPases couple nucleotide binding and hydrolysis to interdomain conformational changes and asymmetry within the RuvB hexamer implied by the crystallographic packing and small-angle X-ray scattering in solution. ATP-driven domain motion is positioned to move double-stranded DNA through the hexamer and drive conformational changes between subunits by altering the complementary hydrophilic protein- protein interfaces. Structural and biochemical analysis of five motifs in the protein suggest that ATP binding is a strained conformation recognized both by sensors and the Walker motifs and that intersubunit activation occurs by an arginine finger motif reminiscent of the GTPase-activating proteins. Taken together, these results provide insights into how RuvB functions as a motor for branch migration of Holliday junctions.
A study of curtailment model of bilateral transaction based on relative entropy

Transaction curtailment has become the chief method of relieving transfer capability violation to maintain system security and reliability. To overcome the disadvantages of the minimum overall model and NERC model, by introducing the concept of relative entropy, this paper proposes the curtailment model of bilateral transaction based on relative entropy, in which the relative entropy is used as the objective function of the curtailment optimization problem. Then this curtailment characteristics of relative entropy model are analyzed, indicating that the transaction curtailment focuses on the transactions with higher sensitivity and the curtailed amount of transaction is proportional to its impact on the overloaded lines. Therefore, in market competition environment, the proposed model has not only the equitable characteristic of the NERC model to achieve transaction curtailment in terms of the contribution of transaction on the overloaded lines but also the effective characteristic of the minimum overall curtailment model to achieve less cost of transaction curtailment than that of the NERC model, providing more reasonable transaction curtailment. Finally, taking IEEE 14-node system for example, the effectiveness and feasibility of this proposed model are verified
ZnO Nanowire and $\hbox{WS}_{2}$ Nanotube Electronics

In this paper, we report on the synthesis and applications of semiconducting nanostructures. Nanostructures of interest were zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires and tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanotubes where transistors/phototransistors and photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion cells have been fabricated. ZnO nanowires were grown with both high- and low-temperature approaches, depending on the application. Individual ZnO nanowire side-gated transistors revealed excellent performance with a field-effect mobility of 928 cm2/V middots. ZnO networks were proposed for large-area macroelectronic devices as a less lithographically intense alternative to individual nanowire transistors where mobility values in excess of 20 cm2/V middots have been achieved. Flexible PV devices utilizing ZnO nanowires as electron acceptors and for photoinduced charge separation and transport have been presented. Phototransistors were fabricated using individual WS2 nanotubes, where clear sensitivity to visible light has been observed. The results presented here simply reveal the potential use of inorganic nanowires/tubes for various optoelectronic devices.
Application of new method for distribution-wide assessment of Distributed Energy Resources

Determining the impacts of Distributed Energy Resources (DER), both adverse and beneficial, on distribution systems is straightforward and well documented for single DER systems on single distribution feeders. More complex techniques have been developed and implemented for multiple DER systems on multiple feeders that capture the critical aspects including the DER characteristics, DER size and location of interconnection, as well as the unique distribution feeder and its design and operating characteristics. These complex techniques can require significant time and resources. Systematic methods for analyzing the immense number of scenarios that comprise distribution systems are needed. This paper outlines the components and application of a new method that can be efficiently applied for a distribution-wide assessment of DER. Example results through implementation in an actual distribution system are shown.
A filter lambda model and the completeness of type assignment

In [6, p. 317] Curry described a formal system assigning types to terms of the type-free λ-calculus. In [11] Scott gave a natural semantics for this type assignment and asked whether a completeness result holds. Inspired by [4] and [5] we extend the syntax and semantics of the Curry types in such a way that filters in the resulting type structure form a domain in the sense of Scott [12]. We will show that it is possible to turn the domain of types into a λ-model, among other reasons because all λ-terms possess a type. This model gives the completeness result for the extended system. By a conservativity result the completeness for Curry's system follows. Independently Hindley [8], [9] has proved both completeness results using term models. His method of proof is in some sense dual to ours. For λ-calculus notation see [1].
Correlation of the degree of dyspnea with health-related quality of life, functional abilities, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide in patients with systemic sclerosis and active alveolitis: results from the Scleroderma Lung Study.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether baseline self-assessment measures of health status and physiologic indices of disease severity in alveolitis-positive patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) correlate with the severity of their dyspnea, and to quantify functional impairment in patients with scleroderma lung disease and compare it with that in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS SSc patients (n = 138) with diffuse (n = 81) or limited (n = 57) cutaneous disease and active alveolitis (determined by bronchoalveolar lavage and/or high-resolution computed tomography) who participated in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored, multicenter, parallel-group, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of oral cyclophosphamide for treatment of SSc-associated interstitial lung disease were evaluated. Pearson's univariate correlations were determined between the Short Form 36 (SF-36) physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scales, functional questionnaires, and physiologic parameters of breathing (forced vital capacity [FVC] and single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide [DLCO]). Student's t-test was used to compare subgroups. Scores from 2 instruments for self-assessment of breathlessness, Mahler's baseline dyspnea index (BDI) and a visual analog scale (VAS) for breathing, were divided at the median. Values for the DLCO and FVC (% predicted) were divided based on the American Thoracic Society guidelines for mild (>70% of predicted), moderate (50-70% of predicted), and severe (<50% of predicted) physiologic impairment. RESULTS Scores on the BDI and VAS for breathing were highly correlated (r = -0.61). The PCS and MCS were able to differentiate patients with more breathlessness (measured by BDI and VAS for breathing) and more abnormal physiologic measures (FVC and DLCO). In SSc patients with alveolitis, all 8 domains of the SF-36 were significantly impaired as compared with the healthy population and were similar to those reported by patients with COPD. CONCLUSION The SF-36 was able to discriminate between scleroderma lung disease patients with more severe and less severe breathlessness, the primary symptom of active alveolitis. The SF-36 complements the BDI and VAS scores for breathing in scleroderma lung disease and is variably correlated with results of pulmonary function tests, suggesting that the SF-36 should be included as an outcome measure in intervention trials in this population.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF NUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN BLOOD VESSELS AND GLIA OF THE RETINA.

Nucleoside phosphatase activity was localized to the basement membranes of blood, vessels and to glial cell plasma membranes in the retina with the electron microscope. The endothelial cells lining the small blood vessels were nonreactive in contrast to the endothelium of capillaries in heart and lung. Extensive enzymatic activity was found associated with the interspaces between adjacent glial elements and glial and neuronal elements. These findings are discussed in terms of the possible relationship of this enzymatic activity to permeability phenomena.
A prospective study of sicca symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate sicca symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with respect to constancy, temporal changes of prevalence, and possible risk factors. METHODS A prospective cohort study of 70 patients with RA was conducted over 5 years. The main variables of interest were the 6 questions on sicca symptoms used in the preliminary European criteria for Sjögren's syndrome. RESULTS Fourteen patients were lost to followup. We found that 84.2% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 59.5-95.8) of the patients reporting sicca symptoms at baseline also reported them at followup. During the study period, sicca symptoms increased by 52.6% in general (P = 0.02) and by 80.0% for the ocular components (P = 0.04). Sicca symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 8.35, 95% CI 1.91-36.49) and pain (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.07) at baseline were identified as independent predictive factors for sicca symptoms at followup. CONCLUSIONS Sicca symptoms in patients with RA are remarkably constant over time. There is also a substantial time-dependent increase in the prevalence of such symptoms. As the prevalence of ocular sicca symptoms in general populations tend to level out with age, there seems to be a disease-related increase of ocular symptoms over time in patients with RA. Present pain and sicca symptoms constitute risk factors for future sicca symptoms.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency in a child responsive to thiamine treatment

We report the clinical features in a 4‐year‐old child who was investigated for a suspected metabolic disorder but was subsequently diagnosed as having a pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. A muscle biopsy was performed and the data obtained suggested thiamine treatment which resulted in a regression of the clinical findings and a return to normal values of blood lactic and pyruvic acids. The interruption of thiamine supplementation after 1 year of treatment led to a prompt recurrence of the previous clinical and biochemical symptoms.
Subjective and Objective Measures of Quality of Life Have Different Predictors for People with Schizophrenia

This study investigated the relationship between subjective and objective quality of life and assessed predictors in people with schizophrenia. The study population consisted of 99 stabilized outpatients with schizophrenia (DSM-IV) who had been regularly receiving outpatient treatment at the Department of Psychiatry, The Tokushima University Hospital. Subjective and objective quality of life were estimated using the Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale and the Quality of Life Scale, respectively. Psychiatric symptoms were also measured with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia. Scores on the Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale Motivation and Energy scales significantly correlated with the Quality of Life Scale total scores –. 40 (p <.001), and with the scores on Interpersonal Relations subscale –. 42 (p <.001), Instrumental Role subscale –. 28 (p = .005), Intrapsychic Foundations subscale –. 39 (p <.001), and Common Objects and Activities subscale –. 25 (p = .014). The Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale Psychosocial scale significantly correlated with only the Quality of Life Scale total score –. 20 (p = .05), and there was no significant correlation between the scores on the Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale Symptoms and Side-effects scales and the Quality of Life Scale. Stepwise regression analyses showed that the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia score was the most important predictor of each scale of the Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale, and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale Negative Symptoms score was the most important predictor of the Quality of Life Scale total score and each subscale. These results suggest that subjective and objective quality of life have different predictors and should be considered as separate and complementary outcome variables.
An In-depth Exploration of Information-Seeking Behavior Among Individuals With Cancer: Part 2: Understanding Patterns of Information Disinterest and Avoidance

This is the second of a 2-part article describing differential health information-seeking behavior (HISB) patterns within the context of a cancer diagnosis that emerged in our grounded theory study. Data from 30 semistructured interviews and 8 focus groups with individuals diagnosed with breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer were analyzed using constant comparison analysis, diagramming, and open, axial, and selective coding. In part 1, 3 HISB patterns illustrating variation in active information-seeking behavior were described: (1) intense information seeking a keen interest in detailed cancer information, (2) complementary information seeking the process of getting "good enough" cancer information, and (3) fortuitous information seeking the search for cancer information mainly from others diagnosed with cancer. Part 2 describes 2 additional patterns coined in this study as minimal information-seeking behavior limited interest for cancer information and guarded information-seeking behavior avoidance of certain types of cancer information. Part 2 challenges traditional views that consider disinterest and avoidance as similar concepts subsumed under "blunting. " Findings may be used to refine informational interventions and measurement strategies to best differentiate between cancer information avoidance and disinterest.
Dinosaur body temperatures: the occurrence of endothermy and ectothermy

Abstract Despite numerous studies, the thermal physiology of dinosaurs remains unresolved. Thus, perhaps the commonly asked question whether dinosaurs were ectotherms or endotherms is inappropriate, and it is more constructive to ask which dinosaurs were likely to have been endothermic and which ones ectothermic. Field data from crocodiles over a large size range show that body temperature fluctuations decrease with increasing body mass, and that average daily body temperatures increase with increasing mass. A biophysical model, the biological relevance of which was tested against field data, was used to predict body temperatures of dinosaurs. However, rather than predicting thermal relations of a hypothetical dinosaur, the model considered correct paleogeographical distribution and climate to predict the thermal relations of a large number of dinosaurs known from the fossil record (>700). Many dinosaurs could have had “high” (≥30°C) and stable (daily amplitude ≤2°C) body temperatures without metabolic heat production even in winter, so it is unlikely that selection pressure would have favored the evolution of elevated resting metabolic rates in those species. Recent evidence of ontogenetic growth rates indicates that even the juveniles of large species (3000–4000 kg) could have had biologically functional body temperature ranges during early development. Smaller dinosaurs (<100 kg) at mid to high latitudes (>45°) could not have had high and stable body temperatures without metabolic heat production. However, elevated metabolic rates were unlikely to have provided selective advantage in the absence of some form of insulation, so probably insulation was present before endothermy evolved, or else it coevolved with elevated metabolic rates. Superimposing these findings onto a phylogeny of the Dinosauria suggests that endothermy most likely evolved among the Coelurosauria and, to a lesser extent, among the Hypsilophodontidae, but not among the Stegosauridae, Nodosauridae, Ankylosauridae, Hadrosauridae, Ceratopsidae, Prosauropoda, and Sauropoda.
Interstitial deletion of 3p22.2-p24.2: the first reported case

Autosomal deletions or chromosomal haploinsufficiency syndromes are observed in 1 in 7000 live born infants1 and may cause multiple malformations, growth failure, and mental retardation. Deletions on the short arm of chromosome 3 have been reported in 35 cases and have been divided into two groups: deletion 3p syndrome2 with breakpoints between 3p24 and 3p25 and proximal deletion 3p syndrome3 with different breakpoints between 3p11 and 3p21.2. The first reported case of an interstitial deletion of chromosome 3p22.2-p24.2 in a 6 year old male with developmental delay is presented here. The proband was the fourth child born, in England, to healthy, unrelated, white parents. There was no family history of note. He was born vaginally following spontaneous onset of labour at 41 weeks of gestation after an uneventful pregnancy and weighed 3140 g (10th centile). A murmur was noted shortly after delivery and echocardiography confirmed the presence of a small, perimembranous ventricular septal defect. His early milestones were reported as normal, but he was referred for assessment of developmental delay when aged 16 months. He made good progress following input from a child development unit. He walked at 23 months and had speech delay. He was reassessed three months after arrival …