Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changing people ’ s habits is associated with reductions in stress , anxiety and depression levels

Few would dispute the truism that humans are creatures of habit. Indeed both the formation of habits, and their extinction, has been the focus of much psychological research in recent years. Whilst habits are undoubtedly ubiquitous and useful, there may also be times when they interfere with healthy functioning. In this paper we discuss whether the strength of a person’s habits is linked to their mental health, in particular their anxiety and depression. We also present data to explore this idea, demonstrating not only a link between habits and anxiety and depression, but how a Do Something Different intervention that brings about changes in a person’s habits also yields a significant reduction in their anxiety and depression levels. Do Something Different mHealth programmes map the person’s habits and behaviours before and after each programme, and delivers small behavioural prompts via text and/or email to encourage behaviour change in small steps. Background to habits All animals develop habits by deploying rapid learning mechanisms, so as to reduce their energy needs, and humans are not dissimilar. Our habitual behaviours make less demand on our cognitive resources. Habit-activation is automatic and unconscious, often triggered by external cues in the environment. Habits can be embedded in a sequence of activities and be triggered by preceding behaviors and thoughts, what we have previously called the habit web (Fletcher & Pine, 2012). Habits are cheap from an energy needs point of view because when external or internal triggers release them they run to completion without constant cognitive attention. Since the brain is a very energy-expensive organ to run, needing about 500 kcals per day in the human, or about 20% of all our energy needs, it naturally optimizes energy usage. Running on ‘autopilot’ reduces the energy demands. In contrast, counter-habitual processes such as self control or willpower are very demanding of energy sources such as blood glucose and/or motivation (Gailliot, Baumeister, DeWall, Maner, Plant, Tice, Brewer & Schmeichel, 2007; Wang & Dvorak, 2009; Molden, Hui, Scholer, Meier, Noreen, D’Agostino, Martin, 2012 ). For this reason, habits are easy to form and hard to break.
Engineering View of Green Networking: Design Features

The reduction of energy consumption has become a key issue for industries, because of economical, enviromental and marketing reasons. Data – centers and networking infrastructure involve high – performance and high – availability machines. They therefore rely on powerful devices, which require energy – consuming air conditioning to sustain their operation, and which are organized in a redundant architecture. In recent years, valuable efforts have indeed been dedicated to reducing unnecessary energy expenditure, which is usually nicknamed as a greening of the networking technologies and protocols.
Attitudes towards the Teaching Profession of Students from the Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University

Attitude provides a frame of reference for a persons conduct and conditions behaviour, in that unfavourable attitude elicits a reaction of avoidance or aggression while neutral leads to indifference, and favourable attitude begets seeking behaviour. This study focused on the attitudes of Faculty of Education undergraduates of Niger Delta University towards the teaching profession. Using a descriptive survey design and a sample of 160 randomly selected prospective teachers, percentages, independent -t-test and one way Analysis of variance data were analyzed at . 05 level of significance. The result of the findings indicated that prospective teachers have negative attitudes towards the teaching profession; there are significant sex differences in attitude of students towards the teaching profession. Discussion of findings centred on implications bordering on the effect of negative attitude formation. It is therefore recommended that professional counsellors should carry out sensitization programmes on the important of developing positive attitudes and attitudinal change towards the teaching profession.
Barriers and challenges of using medical coding systems

PURPOSE of this study was to investigate the influence of corpus quality on the performance of corpus-based coding methods. METHODS Two corpora of manually ICD-coded diagnostic expressions differing in language (German and Hungarian), size (93,863 vs. 53,198 expressions), heterogeneity, and quality were subjected to two different coding methods (based on Naïve Bayes and vector-space). The methods were evaluated using 5 fold cross-validation on both corpora in terms of their ability to place the correct code in a specified rank range. In the German corpus performances were also inspected per ICD chapter. In the Hungarian corpus performances were also evaluated against a silver standard of a dataset of 300 expression-code pairs, where codes emerged by consensus of additional human coders. RESULTS The corpora differed markedly in terms of redundancy (multiple occurrence of the same expression) and inconsistency (the same expression is assigned to different codes). On the German corpus the vector space method appeared to be slightly superior to Naïve Bayes. The difference was statistically significant but of no apparent practical relevance (52 vs. 50% precision for the first ranked code). On the Hungarian corpus Naïve Bayes drastically outperformed the vector space method (71% vs. 21%). Performance varied strongly per ICD chapter but differences among chapters were higher than differences among the methods. The performance of the Naïve Bayes method improved using the silver standard but this was not the case for the vector space method. CONCLUSIONS Superiority of one method over another strongly depends on specific quality characteristics of the used corpora. The observed performance discrepancies were attributable to differences in redundancy and inconsistency of the corpora and in performance evaluation one should hence inspect the characteristics of the expression-code relationship. An inconsistent sample, however, might have the advantage of offering different options to a human coder focusing his or her attention to alternative codes that might fit best a given expression.
Mosso C.; Briante G.; Aiello A.; Russo S.. The Role of Legitimizing Ideologies as Predictors of Ambivalent Sexism in Young People: Evidence

The studies presented here focus on the relationship between legiti­ mizing ideologies and ambivalent sexism. 544 Italian students (Study 1) and 297 US students (Study 2) completed several scales: social dominance orientation (SDO), system justification (SJ), political orientation, religiosity, and the Glick and Fiske (J Pers Soc Psychol 70(3):491-512, 1996) Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. Zero-order correlations revealed all facets of ideological attitudes to be positively related to each other and correlated with ambivalent sexism. In particular, the SDO was related to both ideology components of SJ and political orientation and to ambiv­ alent sexism (hostile and benevolent). Moderated regressions revealed that SDO has a positive impact on hostile sexism for men only, while SJ has a positive impact on hostile sexism for women only. While the first result was stable across the two studies, the last moderated effect has been detected only in Study 1. We discuss the results with respect to different facets of social ideologies and cultural differences between the two countries.
Career Paths of Board-Certified Clinical Specialists in Geriatric Physical Therapy with Implications for Higher Education

Geriatric board-certified specialists (GCSs) address health care needs of the growing geriatric population. The study's purposes were to: examine career paths of GCSs, identify influencing factors, and explore implications for higher education. Twelve of 14 original 1992 GCSs participated. Data included document collection and interviews. Using a qualitative methodology, commonalities were sought among individuals and HyperRESEARCH software was used for data management. The participants were adventurous, valued education, and were enthusiastic about physical therapy (PT), geriatrics, and specialization. Their career path began with choosing PT as a career, professional education, and their first job. One GCS moved directly into geriatrics. Others went to different settings before geriatrics. As participants recognized they "fit" in geriatrics, they pursued postprofessional education to increase knowledge before choosing board certification. In choosing PT, volunteer experience and personal research were common influences. In choosing to work with elders, influences throughout life gradually built a social context supporting the decision. GCSs chose specialist certification to assist in professionalization of geriatric PT, because they were highly skilled, for career advancement, and for self professionalization. Specialist certification had few financial consequences. Participants gained friends and professional networks. They experienced improved patient care, increased educational opportunities, and/or increased professional service. GCSs' vision was for a better society and health care system. This vision included successful aging - that it is possible and would benefit society. To bring about global change, GCSs perceived they had to influence older individuals, legislators, PT students, peers, and other professionals. Implications for higher education are as follows. Professional schools should not base admission on expressed intentions to work with elders. Curricula and clinical experiences should be such that a nonageist generalist is produced. Higher education's role postprofessionally can be through continuing education, formal degrees, and geriatric residency programs. Gerontology programs also could meet educational needs. Higher education can play an important role in the professionalization of individuals and ultimately the profession itself.
Don’t Trust the Cloud, Verify

Cloud services have turned remote computation into a commodity and enable convenient online collaboration. However, they require that clients fully trust the service provider in terms of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Toward reducing this dependency, this article introduces VICOS, a protocol for verification of integrity and consistency for cloud object storage that enables a group of mutually trusting clients to detect data integrity and consistency violations for a cloud object storage service. It aims at services where multiple clients cooperate on data stored remotely on a potentially misbehaving service. VICOS enforces the consistency notion of fork-linearizability, supports wait-free client semantics for most operations, and reduces the computation and communication overhead compared to previous protocols. VICOS is based on a generic authenticated data structure. Moreover, its operations cover the hierarchical name space of a cloud object store, supporting a real-world interface and not only a simplistic abstraction. A prototype of VICOS that works with the key-value store interface of commodity cloud storage services has been implemented, and an evaluation demonstrates its advantage compared to existing systems.
Chronic pain in long-lived elderly: prevalence, characteristics, measurements and correlation with serum vitamin D level

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic pain considerably worsens quality of life of the elderly, giving relevance to studies addressing it in such individuals, especially those long-lived. Recently, vitamin D deficiency, very prevalent among the elderly, has been correlated to chronic pain. This study aimed at estimating the prevalence of chronic pain among community long-lived elderly with functional independence, at evaluating its characteristics and at correlating this pain to serum vitamin D levels. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of the “Long-Lived Project”, with elderly aged 80 years or above, of both genders, with functional independence. Socio-demographic data were collected, referred chronic pains were measured and serum vitamin D levels were obtained. RESULTS: We have evaluated 330 participants of the “Long-Lived Project” and pain prevalence was 20.9%, especially nociceptive, continuous, moderate to severe and lumbar pain. Among pain intensity measurement tools, faces and verbal numeric scales were preferred. There has been high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among long-lived elderly with chronic pain (87%); deficiency and insufficiency levels were 49 and 38%, respectively, however such levels were not significantly correlated to chronic pain. CONCLUSION: There has been high prevalence of chronic pain among the elderly. Moderate to severe and low back pain were the most frequent. There has been high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among studied long-lived elderly; however there has been no significant correlation between low serum vitamin D levels and chronic pain.
Pengenalan Karakter Plat Kendaraan Bermotor berbasis Citra dengan menggunakan Metode Canny dan Algoritma Backpropagation

Transportation is important needs in daily life. However, there are so many problems in transportation system in our country. The one is public transportation. To overcome it, the government implement KIR. But this KIR has several weakness. One of them is manual data. As cosequnces, human error in listing can came out as the process goes on. Pattern recognition can be used to implement automatic number plate identification in this system. One of the method is canny filter. Canny filter is uses to obtain a good image in the character image acquisition. Characters based with 12X7 pixels are be converted into binary as input for Multi Layer Perceptron with 3 layers node number of each node 84, 50, 36. Artificial neural network is trained with back propagation algorithm with a learning rate parameter 0.3 and momentum 0.9. The training process will be terminated when the iteration reaches a maximum value of 10,000 or MSE (Mean Square Error) 0.0001. Recognition rate for numeral character is 100%, however recognition rate for letter character is little bit worser, 86,87%. So overall performance is 94,29% for the whole characters.
Diagnostic Language Testing for Taiwanese University Students: The Online English Assessment System (OEAS) Project

Diagnostic language testing aims to help test-takers better understand their own linguistic strengths and weaknesses so as to aid language learning. While the goal is admirable, there are relatively few truly diagnostic language tests currently in existence, the main and perhaps best example being the DIALANG Project (Alderson, 2005). This paper presents a synopsis of a diagnostic test construction project currently in its early stages at a Taiwan university, the Online English Assessment System (OEAS). The authors first describe the background to the OEAS, and then outline its main design features. In addition, one important characteristic of the OEAS is its “local” nature: it is being produced by some of the university’s EFL teachers for use by the university’s students as a self-assessment tool, and thus it is also expected to be linked to the university’s language learning resources. The authors also highlight key areas for the project’s validation work.
Dietary fat intake and risk of prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition 1-3

Background: Findings from early observational studies have suggested that the intake of dietary fat might be a contributing factor in the etiology of prostate cancer. However, the results from more recent prospective studies do not support this hypothesis, and the possible association between different food sources of fat and prostate cancer risk also remains unclear. Objective:The objectives were to assess whether intakes of dietary fat, subtypes of fat, and fat from animal products were associated with prostate cancer risk. Design:Thiswasamulticenterprospectivestudyof142 520menin the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Dietary fat intake was estimated with the use of countryspecific validated food questionnaires. The association between dietary fat and risk of prostate cancer was assessed by using Cox regression, stratified by recruitment center and adjusted for height, weight, smoking, education, marital status, and energy intake. Results:Afteramedianfollow-uptimeof8.7y,prostatecancerwas diagnosed in 2727 men. There was no significant association between dietary fat (total, saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fat and the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat) and risk ofprostatecancer.Thehazardratioforprostatecancerforthehighest versus the lowest quintile of total fat intake was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.84, 1.09; P for trend 0.155). There were no significant associations between prostate cancer risk and fat from red meat, dairy products, and fish. Conclusion: The results from this large multicenter study suggest that there is no association between dietary fat and prostate cancer risk. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:1405–13.
A stochastic modelling of phytoplankton aggregation

The aim of this work is to provide a stochastic mathematical model of aggregation in phytoplankton, from the point of view of modelling a system of a large but finite number of phytoplankton cells that are subject to random dispersal, mutual interactions allowing the cell motions some dependence and branching (cell division or death). We present the passage from the ''microscopic'' description to the ''macroscopic'' one, when the initial number of cells tends to infinity (large phytoplankton populations). The limit of the system is an extension of the Dawson-Watanabe superprocess: it is a superprocess with spatial interactions which can be described by a nonlinear stochastic partial differential equation.
THE ROLE OF INITIAL F0 RISE IN SPEECH SEGMENTATION: A CROSS- LINGUISTIC STUDY

This paper investigates the cross-linguistic use of initial F0 rise in speech segmentation. Previous studies using real word detection experiments have provided suggestive evidence that F0 rise serves as a universal cue to word beginnings. We examined if there would be more direct support for this claim by conducting an experiment with listeners of four typologically different languages: English, French, Japanese, and Taiwanese Southern Min. Participants learned an artificial language by listening to speech streams in which the language’s words were concatenated without pauses in between and then identified the words in a test. Analysis of identification accuracy indicated that the words with an F0 rise on the initial syllables were identified more accurately than those without any F0 cue, suggesting that initial F0 rise facilitated segmentation. This was found for all listener groups, adding support to the view that F0 rise is a universally accessible cue to word beginnings.
A Semi-Cylindrical Capacitive-Based Differential Sensing System for Water Content In Crude Oil Measurement

A capacitive sensor based measuring system for water content in crude oil is presented. The non intrusive capacitive sensor is made of two semi-cylindrical electrodes which are mounted on outside of the glass tube. The tube is filled with sample under test. The capacitive variation is measured by taking advantage of big dielectric permittivity difference of oil and water. The semi-cylindrical capacitive sensor has ability to detect small capacitance variation (pF) and these variations can be converted into voltage by proposed differential interface circuit. The interface circuit is based on differential sensing technique. Such technique allows the removal of unwanted signals (e.g. temperature, background noise and systematic offset) because they affect both sensors in a similar manner. It however will not auto-compensate for the degradation in sensitivity. Hence, increased accuracy and linearity is achieved by differential sensing technique. Both simulation and actual hardware implementation confirmed the proposed system design. The system is experimentally tested for 0-30% water content in oil and achieved resolution of 0.39%. Copyright © 2014 Praise Worthy Prize S.r. l. All rights reserved.
NASAL COARTICULATION IN L1 AND L2 ENGLISH SPEECH: A LARGE-SCALE STUDY

We investigated nasal coarticulation in English produced by native English and Mandarin speakers, based on hundreds of hours of speech. A novel method was proposed to measure nasality, using softmax-based features from deep neural network models for broad phonetic classes. Segment durations were calculated from the results of forced alignment. Our analysis revealed that vowel stress tends to “block" the regressive influence of the following nasal coda, leading to less nasality in stressed vowels compared to unstressed ones. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the duration of vowels and nasal codas in L1 English, but a weak negative correlation in L2 English speech.
Eff ect of BaO , CaO and CaC 2 Addition on the Metallothermic Sr Production

In this study production of strontium metal from its oxide was studied under the vacuum atmosphere via metallothermic process. In the experiments SrO which has 99 % purity was used. Effects of Al powder addition, temperature changes and time were investigated on recovering of metallic strontium. Effects of BaO, CaO and CaC2 addition were also investigated. The final residues were examined for their chemical composition. XRD, AAS. More than 90 % of strontium metal recovery was observed.
Meaning in Context: Ontologically and linguistically motivated representations of objects and events

Context is pervasive in all activities involving human beings as well as computer systems. It affects numerous aspects of our lives: how we understand the world, our communication, as well as the planning, carrying, and outcomes of activities. When focusing on understanding natural language, context plays a pivotal role that affects various facets ranging from the interpretation of speech signal to the identification of word meaning, composition of phrases and sentences as well as the intention of the discourse. Context impacts the conceptualisation of human experience. Objects and events assume different cognitive salience according to their context of occurrence, thus determining access to partial relevant information rather than to all information. Understanding a piece of natural language requires a continuous interaction between abstract conceptualisations and their actual use or occurrence in a specific communicative situation. A possible example to clarify this distinction could be that of an orange being passed between two children, and that of the same orange peeled on a table: in the former context the roundness of the object prevails over other features, traits, or aspects that characterise the concept of “the fruit orange”. In the latter context, the edible features are those mostly relevant and conveyed. Similar mechanisms are at play with events. A well known example is that of “commercial events”. Different surface forms (i.e., verbs) can be used to express related, if not the same, knowledge about the same scenario. For instance, the verbs buy and sell offer different interpretations of the same event, where none of them puts the focus on the object of the transaction, but rather on its participant. An extreme situation, in this case, is when different interpretations are imposed on the same event. For instance, a fatal shooting by the police can be interpreted as necessary self-defence (by the police officers) or as a murder (by the friends and family of the victim). Similar selectional mechanisms underlie figurative uses of word meanings, such as metonymy and metaphors among others, that intrinsically characterize the interface between knowledge and language – see the work by Gangemi et al. (2018) for a recent study on the ontological treatment of conceptual metaphors.