Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning to Find Bugs

Automated bug detection, e.g., through pattern-based static analysis, is an increasingly popular technique to find programming errors and other code quality issues. Traditionally, bug detectors are program analyses that are manually written and carefully tuned by an analysis expert. Unfortunately, the huge amount of possible bug patterns makes it difficult to cover more than a small fraction of all bugs. This paper presents a new approach toward creating bug detectors. The basic idea is to replace manually writing a program analysis with training a machine learning model that distinguishes buggy from non-buggy code. To address the challenge that effective learning requires both positive and negative training examples, we use simple code transformations that create likely incorrect code from existing code examples. We present a general framework, called DeepBugs, that extracts positive training examples from a code corpus, leverages simple program transformations to create negative training examples, trains a model to distinguish these two, and then uses the trained model for identifying programming mistakes in previously unseen code. As a proof of concept, we create four bug detectors for JavaScript that find a diverse set of programming mistakes, e.g., accidentally swapped function arguments, incorrect assignments, and incorrect binary operations. To find bugs, the trained models use information that is usually discarded by program analyses, such as identifier names of variables and functions. Applying the approach to a corpus of 150,000 JavaScript files shows that learned bug detectors have a high accuracy, are very efficient, and reveal 132 programming mistakes in real-world code.
NMT in Low Resource Scenario : A Case Study in Indian Languages

Neural Machine Translation is the current buzzword in the field of Machine Translation. One of major requirements of Neural Machine Translation is that of data. This requirement makes it somewhat unsuitable for language pairs from whom less number of corpus is present. In this paper, we look at ways to mitigate the effects of low resource data by using techniques like word segmentation and pivot languages. We first look at some fundamentals required for understanding Neural Machine Translation and then study word segmentation. Then we look at Pivot based NMT and finally end with a look at SMT based models involving both word segmentation and pivot languages.
Integrated watershed modeling and characterization using GIS and remote sensing techniques

The digital revolution in the last few decades made possible the modeling of watershed by integration of different hydrologic processes occurring on the watershed. The recent advances in watershed modeling are the integrated use of numerical methods, remote sensing and GIS technologies. Numerical methods are used in the solution of the prevailing equations for the soil erosion modelling, landslide hazard zonation, sediment yield estimation, and rainfall runoff simulation. Remote sensing technology solved the problem of data needs of watershed modeling. ArcGIS made its utility in the processing of large quantities of data, which is essential in watershed modeling. In the present paper, characterization of watershed for the key parameters such as morphometric analysis, slope analysis, LULC change pattern analysis by using GIS / RS data has been discussed. Morphometric and slope analysis have carried out by DEM based model, soil erosion modelling based on USLE model, surface runoff modelling based on SCS model, landslide hazard zonation based on multicriteria model, and sediment yield estimation based on InVEST model have been presented in this paper, and has prepared the watershed characteristic maps. LULC of the watershed has been derived from remotely sensed data, which has used as an input of all analysis/modelling. The methodology can be used in various watershed development schemes.
Understanding the impact of reciprocity on trust and trust performance in C 2 C social commerce

Recent studies suggested that understanding trust is a key for the success of s-commerce, particularly in the context of trading among users without the institutional protection (known as C2C s-commerce). However, previous studies mainly focused on one-way trust, the reciprocal nature of trust has been largely overlooked in C2C s-commerce. The objective of this study is to understand the effect of reciprocity on customers’ trust in s-commerce and trust performance (i.e., purchase and WOM intention). We propose two forms of reciprocity, namely generalized reciprocity and restricted reciprocity, based on the exchange pattern of shopper-shopper and shopper-vendor in s-commerce. In addition, this study examines how individual and contextual moderator (i.e., s-commerce shopping experience and community shared language) could impact the trust development. Data was collected from 287 shoppers in WeChat. The statistical analysis applies a method based on variance using partial least squares. The results demonstrate that two types of reciprocity positively affect trust in s-commerce. Customers’ trust performance is significantly affected by trust in s-commerce. Also, s-commerce shopping experience of customers is found to moderate the relationship between restricted reciprocity and trust in s-commerce. Discussion, conclusions and limitations based on these findings were also provided.
RNAi silencing targeting SOX 4 inhibits 5-fluorouracil resistance in human colorectal cancer

5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance has become a great challenge to successful medical treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of our study is to determine the role of SOX4 in human CRC with 5-FU resistance. RNA interference technology was employed to silence the expression of SOX4 in 5-FU-resistant SW1116 cells. The expression of SOX4 was investigated by qRT-PCR and western blot. Cell viabilities in response to 5-FU treatment were assessed using MTT assay, whereas cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometric assay. A mouse xenograft model was used to assess the impact of SOX4 on the efficacy of 5-FU in vivo. We found that SOX4 was highly expressed in 5-FU-resistant SW1116 cells, and silencing SOX4 attenuated 5-FU resistance. These data suggested a crucial role of SOX4 in the progress of 5-FU resistance of CRC cells and silencing SOX4 might be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for overcoming 5-FU resistance in CRC.
Preclinical Whole-body Fluorescence Imaging: Review of Instruments, Methods and Applications

Fluorescence sampling of cellular function is widely used in all aspects of biology, allowing the visualization of cellular and sub-cellular biological processes with spatial resolutions in the range from nanometers up to centimeters. Imaging of fluorescence in vivo has become the most commonly used radiological tool in all pre-clinical work. In the last decade, full-body pre-clinical imaging systems have emerged with a wide range of utilities and niche application areas. The range of fluorescent probes that can be excited in the visible to near-infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum continues to expand, with the most value for in vivo use being beyond the 630 nm wavelength, because the absorption of light sharply decreases. Whole-body in vivo fluorescence imaging has not yet reached a state of maturity that allows its routine use in the scope of large-scale pre-clinical studies. This is in part due to an incomplete understanding of what the actual fundamental capabilities and limitations of this imaging modality are. However, progress is continuously being made in research laboratories pushing the limits of the approach to consistently improve its performance in terms of spatial resolution, sensitivity and quantification. This paper reviews this imaging technology with a particular emphasis on its potential uses and limitations, the required instrumentation, and the possible imaging geometries and applications. A detailed account of the main commercially available systems is provided as well as some perspective relating to the future of the technology development. Although the vast majority of applications of in vivo small animal imaging are based on epi-illumination planar imaging, the future success of the method relies heavily on the design of novel imaging systems based on state-of-the-art optical technology used in conjunction with high spatial resolution structural modalities such as MRI, CT or ultra-sound.
INVESTIGATION OF PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS FOR ASYMMETRIC MULTILEVEL INVERTER USING HYBRID MODULATION TECHNIQUE

The performance of multilevel inverter (such as switching loss and harmonics) is mainly decided by its modulation strategies. This paper focuses on a hybrid modulation strategy for asymmetric cascaded sevenlevel inverter. The proposed technique combines the fundamental frequency switching scheme and Variable Frequency Inverted Sine Pulse Width Modulation (VFISPWM). A detailed study of the modulation technique has been carried out through MATLAB/SIMULINK for switching losses and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). A comparative evaluation between hybrid modulation strategy and the conventional Phase Disposition (PD) PWM method has been presented in terms of output voltage quality, power circuitry complexity, Distortion Factor (DF) and THD. The performance of asymmetric cascaded MLI with the proposed modulation strategy has been studied both for linear and non-linear loads and the simulation results have been verified experimentally.
ECONOMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRADE-OFFS OF TRADITIONAL M EDITERRANEAN DRY FARMING SYSTEMS IN THE A LENTEJO REGION OF P ORTUGAL

This paper aims assessing the economic and environm ental trade-offs of traditional Mediterranean dry farming systems in the Alentejo r egion, southern Portugal. An environmental analysis using environmental indicato rs, such as the nitrogen balance, energy input, greenhouse gas emissions, acidificati on, eutrophication impacts, as well as an aggregated eco-indicator were developed. For ass essing economic returns of farming systems, a budgeting analysis was carried out. Then t environmental and economic analysis was integrated in a linear programming mod el which was developed for a regional farm type. This model was used to assess t he farm net profit under different policy measures, as well as to obtain the economic trade-off of each environmental indicator through its dual solution regarding the r espective shadow prices. Results show that farm net profit greatly varies among crops for the different policy scenarios considered and the economic and environmental trade -offs highlights the important role other crops than cereals in rotations for promoting he sustainability of Mediterranean crop system.
Uncertainty Prediction Across a Range of Scales : From short-range weather forecasting to climate uncertainty

A stochastic kinetic-energy backscatter scheme and other model-refinements are employed to represent model uncertainty and model error across a range of models targeted at different temporal and spatial scales. In a mesoscale ensemble prediction system using the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) including a uncertainty representation scheme leads to significant improvements in probabilistic skill. When used for ensemble data assimilation the inclusion of model-error schemes decreases the the root-mean squared innovations and analysis increments indicating a better match between model first-guess and observations. When included in the ECMWF model run at horizontal resolutions used in climate models and on seasonal timescales, the stochastic kineticenergy backscatter scheme results in a reduction of systematic model bias and a better representation of certain aspects of tropical tropical climate variability. Some of the improvements can also be obtained by increasing horizontal resolution or improving the deterministic parameterizations, pointing to the importance of unresolved scales and the need to include them in some manner.
The self-promotion of academic textbooks in the preface section: a genre analysis

espanolEste articulo presenta un analisis de genero del prefacio de los libros de texto academicos, en concreto veintidos prefacios en los campos de la linguistica y la linguistica aplicada. Mediante el uso de un analisis basado en la estructura del movimiento, como los propuestos por Swales (1990) y Bhatia (1993), se identificaron cuatro movimientos que explican las distintas finalidades retoricas empleadas por escritores de prefacios para crear un nicho y establecer la importancia de sus libros de texto. Estos movimientos incluyen: establecer las necesidades del publico lector, establecer sus orientaciones, como la finalidad y el publico receptor, perfilar el ambito de los capitulos y, finalmente, los agradecimientos. Esta estructura de movimientos refleja las estructuras textuales empleadas por los autores para conseguir las finalidades retoricas de las secciones del prefacio. Se sugiere que estas conclusiones podrian incorporarse a la bibliografia educativa para quienes deseen iniciar el proyecto de un libro y que pueden ser de ayuda para el profesorado de Ingles como lengua extranjera (efl) a la hora de seleccionar materiales para sus clases basandose en su evaluacion externa de los libros de texto academicos. EnglishThis paper presents a genre analysis of the preface section in academic textbooks, specifically twenty-two preface sections from the closely-related fields of linguistics and applied linguistics. Using a move structure analysis such as those proposed by Swales (1990) and Bhatia (1993), four moves were identified to account for the different rhetorical purposes employed by writers of preface sections to create a niche and establish the importance of their textbooks. These moves comprise: establishing the needs of the readership, establishing their orientations like purpose and audiences, outlining of the scope of the chapters, and finally acknowledgments. This move structure reflects the textual strategies used by writers to achieve the rhetorical purposes of the preface sections. It is suggested that these findings could be incorporated into instructional literature for writers wishing to start book projects, and that they may also be helpful for English as a Foreign Language (efl) teachers in selecting materials for their classrooms based on their external evaluation of academic textbooks.
1 REGIONAL COMPETITION ON TAX ADMINISTRATION

The tax auditing parameters have scarcely been analyzed by the literature as relevant policymaking instruments; however the enforcement strategies are crucial elements of the tax burden. In this paper we show that in a federal framework the tax auditing policies could represent additional tools on which regional institutions can interact between them. We investigate the presence of this interaction by means of a spatial econometric approach. We employ a timespace recursive model that accounts for sluggish adjustment in the auditing policies obtaining results congruent with standard theory and corroborating the presence of horizontal competition between regions on tax auditing policies. Moreover we find that once regional governments have legal power, the opaque competition on enforcement policies disappears and supposedly it switches to a more transparent competition on statutory tax parameters.
Constructing “ development ” A historical discourse analysis of newspapers regarding the creation of terminology and public discourse on Autism and Hattatsu Shogai in Japan

This dissertation analyzes the linguistic influence of public policies on public discourse on Autism and Hattatsu Shogai in Japanese newspapers. With respect to theoretical frameworks and methodologies of three frameworks, disability studies, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), and text mining, qualitative and quantitative analyses are employed. With these analyses, two major discoveries were made. First, newspaper texts do not separately represent the two conflicting models of disability, medical model and social model. In other words, these two models are mutually represented for expressing characteristics, policies, and practices toward Hattatsu Shogai. Second, negation, for instance nai (“not”), has function both in the medical model for criticizing people’s ability and in the social model for criticizing the social barrier toward persons with disabilities. Thus, this finding shows the possibility of the application of theoretical models of disability for linguistic analysis. We can hypothesize that these conflicts occur as the consequence of global transition of disability policy represented by the United Nation’s Convention of Rights of the Persons with Disabilities , globalization of thoughts on disability in Japan, and progress in medicine and special education. The author offers the outcome of this research for improvement of professional education in journalism, education, and social work. Additional systemic analysis of individual words in conjunction with disability models , as well as other issues, is suggested for further analysis. 博士学位申請論文要旨 この論文は、日本における自閉症および発達障害に関する新聞記事を通じた 公的言説の形成における公共政策の言語的影響を分析するものである。 3 つの理 論枠組みおよび方法論―障害学、批判的ディスコース分析、そしてテキストマ イニング―をもとに、定量的・定性的分析をおこなった。 上記の分析により、主に 2 点が明らかになった。 1 点目は、対立的に扱われる 二つの障害モデル―医学モデルと社会モデル―が、新聞紙上においては切り分 けられていないことである。 換言すれば、2 つのモデルは発達障害に関する特徴、 政策、そして支援実践を説明するにあたり相互作用的に用いられていることに なる。 2 点目としては、否定表現―たとえばナイ助動詞―が、人間の能力を批判 するための医学モデル的用法と、社会的障壁を批判するための社会モデル的用 法の双方を持つことである。 つまり、この点は言語分析において理論的障害モ デルを応用する可能性を示した。 仮説としては、以上 2 点の背景には国際連合による障害者権利条約の制定に 象徴される国際的な障害者政策の転換、日本における障害に対するグローバリ ゼーションの影響、そして医療及び特別支援教育の進歩などが考えられる。 筆者は、この研究の成果を報道、教育、社会福祉などの専門家育成教育に応 用することを展望している。 一方、個々の言語的表現と障害モデルの関係にお ける体系的な分析などが課題として残されている。 2017 © Yasushi Miyazaki All Rights Reserved
Edge-Assisted Detection and Summarization of Key Global Events from Distributed Crowd-Sensed Data

This paper introduces a novel service for distributed detection and summarization of crowd-sensed events. The work is motivated by the proliferation of microblogging media, such as Twitter, that can be used to detect and describe events in the physical world, such as protests, disasters, or civil unrest. Since crowd-sensed data is likely to be distributed, we consider an architecture, where the data first accumulates across a plurality of edge servers (e.g. cloudlets or repositories) and is then summarized, rather than being shipped directly to its ultimate destination (e.g., in a remote cloud). The architecture allows graceful handling of overload and bandwidth limitations (e.g., in scenarios where capacity is impaired, as the case might be after a disaster). When bandwidth is scarce, our service, BigEye, only transfers very limited metadata from the distributed edge repositories to the central summarizer and yet supports highly accurate detection and concise summarization of key events of global interest. These summaries can then be sent to consumers (e.g., rescue personnel). Our emulations show that BigEye achieves the same precision and recall values in detecting key events as a system where all data is available centrally, while consuming only 1% of the bandwidth needed to transmit all raw data.
On the standard L -function for GSp 2 n × GL 1 and algebraicity of symmetric fourth L -values for GL 2

We prove an explicit integral representation—involving the pullback of a suitable Siegel Eisenstein series—for the twisted standard L -function associated to a holomorphic vector-valued Siegel cusp form of degree n and arbitrary level. In contrast to all previously proved pullback formulas in this situation, our formula involves only scalar-valued functions despite being applicable to L -functions of vector-valued Siegel cusp forms. The key new ingredient in our method is a novel choice of local vectors at the archimedean place which allows us to exactly compute the archimedean local integral. By specializing our integral representation to the case n = 2 we are able to prove a reciprocity law—predicted by Deligne’s conjecture— for the critical values of the twisted standard L -function for vector-valued Siegel cusp forms of degree 2 and arbitrary level. This arithmetic application generalizes previously proved critical-value results for the full level case. By specializing further to the case of Siegel cusp forms obtained via the Ramakrishnan–Shahidi lift, we obtain a reciprocity law for the critical values of the symmetric fourth L -function of a classical newform.
Benchmarking Marketing Productivity Using Data Envelopment Analysis : a Modified Approach

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is now widely utilized as a method for assessing relative efficiency of a set of decision making units (DMUs). Along as evaluating relative efficiency DEA models are capable of to be improved for finding benchmark for inefficient units which can help managers for better making decision. Thus it is important to obtain accurate results from DEA models. In this paper the SBM model has been enhanced by incorporating two constraints. One of these constraints has been considered to deal with non-discretionary inputs that can affect production. The other helps to find acceptable targets where there exists variable that has an integer value. Also, with an example it has been shown how the proposed model works.
Econometric Evidence on the Impacts of Privatization , New Entry , and Independent Industry Regulator on Mobile Network Penetration and Expansion by

This study examines the impacts of reforms – privatization, new entry and independent regulatory authority – on mobile network penetration and expansion using a new and hitherto unused panel dataset for 30 national mobile markets (i.e. 29 OECD countries and China) over the time period 1991-2006 under a 3-equation econometric framework. The estimation results confirm that introducing new entry is, in general, positively correlated with mobile network penetration and expansion; and in particular, the third entry brings many more benefits than the second one. The results also highlight the crucial role of an independent regulator in privatized mobile markets. Especially, the dynamic estimation results suggest that without an independent regulator, privatization is, on average, negatively correlated with mobile network expansion, even in certain competitive market environments. December 2008 JEL Classification Codes: L10, L51, L96, K23
Oil Palm Fertiliser Recommendation for Sabah Soils

This article discusses on derivation of oil palm fertiliser formulation based on nutrient budget in Sabah mineral soils. The balanced compound fertiliser with N:11%, P2O5:6%, K2O: 22%, MgO: 2% and B2O3: 0.5% were fortified with organic matter and premium grade trace elements. This formulation would enhance the nutrient uptake and thus improving productivity of oil palm. Recycling of organic matter from palm waste would reduce the production cost towards sustainable oil palm plantation. The nutrients ratio of compound fertilisers available in the market were ranged between 23.5% to 48%. Therefore, this formulation with 41.5% of the nutrient ratio is considered commendable. The recommendation fertiliser rate for this formulation to be applied in mature oil palm is 8.5 to 9.0 kg palm yr.