Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Spar Modelling Platform Case Study: Skynet 5

Abstract This paper documents a case study into the Availability, Reliability and Maintainability (AR&M) modelling activity undertaken for the Skynet 5 Beyond Line Of Sight (BLOS) service programme between January 2006 and July 2011. The AR&M modelling activity was completed using the Monte Carlo simulation tool SPAR, produced by Clockwork Solutions. SPAR is a flexible software tool which allowed the development of models to include the end-to-end Skynet 5 system, its complex logistic support network, and the calculation of bespoke Service availability metrics. The development of this end-to-end type approach has provided a number of benefits, including: • Highlighting potential areas of weakness in the support solution;• Understanding the impact on global AR&M performance by varying: • Mission profiles• Usage• Equipment selection• Sparing levels• Increased logistics delay times and active repair times• Validation of consolidated spares recommendations and identification of areas with insufficient spares, at multiple levels of support (as many as the user requires). • The ability to demonstrate the impact of management system downtime; which would not directly impact the availability of the system, but may delay the identification (and hence repair time) of a co-incident failure.
Factorizations of some lower triangular matrices and related combinatorial identities

In this study, we investigate the connection between second order recurrence matrix and several combinatorial matrices such as generalized r-eliminated Pascal matrix, Stirling matrix of the first and of the second kind matrices. We give factorizations and inverse factorizations of these matrices by virtue of the second order recurrence matrix. Moreover, we derive several combinatorial identities which are more general results of some earlier works.
Comparison of Pre-Trained CNNs for Audio Classification Using Transfer Learning

The paper investigates retraining options and the performance of pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for sound classification. CNNs were initially designed for image classification and recognition, and, at a second phase, they extended towards sound classification. Transfer learning is a promising paradigm, retraining already trained networks upon different datasets. We selected three ‘Image’- and two ‘Sound’-trained CNNs, namely, GoogLeNet, SqueezeNet, ShuffleNet, VGGish, and YAMNet, and applied transfer learning. We explored the influence of key retraining parameters, including the optimizer, the mini-batch size, the learning rate, and the number of epochs, on the classification accuracy and the processing time needed in terms of sound preprocessing for the preparation of the scalograms and spectrograms as well as CNN training. The UrbanSound8K, ESC-10, and Air Compressor open sound datasets were employed. Using a two-fold criterion based on classification accuracy and time needed, we selected the ‘champion’ transfer-learning parameter combinations, discussed the consistency of the classification results, and explored possible benefits from fusing the classification estimations. The Sound CNNs achieved better classification accuracy, reaching an average of 96.4% for UrbanSound8K, 91.25% for ESC-10, and 100% for the Air Compressor dataset.
No protective benefits of low dose acute L-glutamine supplementation on small intestinal permeability, epithelial injury and bacterial translocation biomarkers in response to subclinical exertional-heat stress: A randomized cross-over trial

ABSTRACT Exertional heat stress disrupts gastrointestinal permeability and, through subsequent bacterial translocation, can result in potentially fatal exertional heat stroke. Glutamine supplementation is a potential countermeasure although previously validated doses are not universally well tolerated. Ten males completed two 80-minute subclinical exertional heat stress tests (EHSTs) following either glutamine (0.3 g kg FFM−1) or placebo supplementation. Small intestinal permeability was assessed using the lactulose/rhamnose dual sugar absorption test and small intestinal epithelial injury using Intestinal Fatty-Acid Binding Protein (I-FABP). Bacterial translocation was assessed using the total 16S bacterial DNA and Bacteroides/total 16S DNA ratio. The glutamine bolus was well tolerated, with no participants reporting symptoms of gastrointestinal intolerance. Small intestinal permeability was not influenced by glutamine supplementation (p = 0.06) although a medium effect size favoring the placebo trial was observed (d = 0.73). Both small intestinal epithelial injury (p < 0.01) and Bacteroides/total 16S DNA (p = 0.04) increased following exertional heat stress, but were uninfluenced by glutamine supplementation. Low-dose acute oral glutamine supplementation does not protect gastrointestinal injury, permeability, or bacterial translocation in response to subclinical exertional heat stress.
Evolution of forward curves in the Heath–Jarrow–Morton framework by cubature method on Wiener space

ABSTRACT The multi-curve extension of the Heath–Jarrow–Morton framework is a popular method for pricing interest rate derivatives and overnight indexed swaps in the post-crisis financial market. That is, the set of forward curves is represented as a solution to an initial boundary value problem for an infinite-dimensional stochastic differential equation. In this paper, we review the post-crisis market proxies for interest rate models. Then, we consider a simple model that belongs to the above framework. This model is driven by a single Wiener process, and we discretize the space of trajectories of its driver by cubature method on Wiener space. After that, we discuss possible methods for numerical solution of the resulting deterministic boundary value problem in the finite-dimensional case. Finally, we compare the obtained numerical solutions of cubature method with the classical Monte Carlo simulation.
Simulation of geometrical change effects on electrical characteristics of micrometer-size vacuum triode with field emitters

Change in the electrical characteristic of a micro-vacuum triode with a field electron emitter, due to a change in physical dimension which may appear in the fabrication process, has been simulated. It has been found that the variation of the grid opening size more strongly affects the electrical characteristics of the triodes than the misalignment between the emitter tip and the center of the grid opening. It has also been found, however, that such effect can be minimized by biasing the grid at a proper voltage. Effects of grid position relative to the emitter tip have been also investigated in order to find better device geometry for high-frequency applications. >
A Flame Imaging-Based Online Deep Learning Model for Predicting NOₓ Emissions From an Oxy-Biomass Combustion Process

To reduce NOx (nitrogen oxide) emissions from fossil fuel and biomass-fired power plants, online prediction of NOx emissions is important in the plant operation. Data-driven models have been developed to predict NOx emissions from various combustion processes with good accuracy. However, such models have initially been built based on known combustion conditions, which are historically “seen”. For new conditions, which are “unseen”, these models usually perform unwell. In this study, an online deep learning (ODL) model is proposed to predict NOx emissions from an oxy-biomass combustion process for “seen” and “unseen” combustion conditions based on source deep learning and condition recognition models. The ODL model is mainly built based on “unseen” combustion conditions. A new objective function that consists of regression loss and distillation loss is introduced in the ODL model to improve the prediction accuracy. The ODL model is examined using boiler operation data, flame temperature maps, and NOx data obtained under a range of oxy-biomass combustion conditions on an Oxy-Fuel Combustion Test Facility. Flame images acquired using a dedicated imaging system are used for computing the temperature distribution of the flame through two-color pyrometry. The results demonstrate that the proposed model is capable of predicting NOx emissions under “seen” and “unseen” conditions with a mean absolute percentage error of less than 3%, for the first, second, and third updates.
A Data Driven Method For Sweet Spot Identification In Shale Plays Using Well Log Data

In recent years, interest in shale plays has grown substantially due to horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing techniques. Special interest is in shale plays previously exhausted with vertical wells that are believed to still have high potential if developed with horizontal wells. However, with drilling costs at an all-time high, choosing the right locations for new wells is a crucial issue. Therefore, identifying so called “sweet spots” with high potential for oil and gas is of great importance for oil companies worldwide.
Electric Connecting Piece Cutting Blanking Punching Compound Die Design

It analyses the electric meeting slice parts stamping process, introduces all kinds of process’s feature and points out using the piece cutting blanking punching compound to form one time with the features of these spare parts. At the same time, it introduces the mold’s structure feature and the working process, and introduces the design of punch, bump mode, incision of the punch.
Numbering permanent and deciduous teeth via deep instance segmentation in panoramic x-rays

Panoramic X-rays are an essential tool to assist dentistry experts in their diagnostic procedures. Dentists can analyze the anatomical and pathological structures while planing orthodontic, periodontal, and surgical treatments. Even though detecting, numbering, and segmenting teeth are essential tasks to leverage automatic analysis on panoramic X-rays, it is lacking in the literature a study and a data set that considers at the same time deciduous and permanent teeth in a wide variety of panoramic X-rays. To fill this gap, this work introduces a novel, challenging, and high-variable public data set labeled from scratch. This data set incorporates new elements such as instance overlapping and deciduous teeth, supporting our study on tooth numbering and segmentation. Our efforts aim to improve the segmentation on the boundaries because they are the main hurdle of the instance segmentation methods. For that, we investigate and compare (quantitatively and qualitatively) two Mask R-CNN-based solutions: the standard one, with a fully convolutional network, and another one that employs the PointRend module on the top. Our findings attest to the feasibility of extending segmentation and numbering to deciduous teeth through end-to-end deep learning architectures, as well as, the higher performance of the Mask R-CNN with PointRend either on instance segmentation (mAP of +2 percentage points) or the numbering (mAP of +1.2 percentage points) on the test data set. We hope that our findings and our new data set support the development of new tools to assist professionals in faster diagnosis, making upon panoramic X-rays.
Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement – Avoiding runaway CaCO3 precipitation during quick and hydrated lime dissolution

Abstract. Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) has been proposed as a method to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and to counteract ocean acidification. It involves the dissolution of alkaline minerals such as quick lime, CaO, and hydrated lime, Ca(OH)2. However, a critical knowledge gap exists regarding their dissolution in natural seawater. Particularly, how much can be dissolved before secondary precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) occurs is yet to be established. Secondary precipitation should be avoided as it reduces the atmospheric CO2 uptake potential of OAE. Here we show that both CaO and Ca(OH)2 powders (> 63 µm of diameter) dissolved in seawater within a few hours. However, CaCO3 precipitation, in the form of aragonite, occurred at a saturation (ΩAr) threshold of about 5. This limit is much lower than what would be expected for typical pseudo-homogeneous precipitation in the presence of colloids and organic materials. Secondary precipitation at unexpectedly low ΩAr was the result of so-called heterogeneous precipitation onto mineral phases, most likely onto CaO and Ca(OH)2 prior to full dissolution. Most importantly, this led to runaway CaCO3 precipitation by which significantly more alkalinity (TA) was removed than initially added, until ΩAr reached levels below 2. Such runaway precipitation would reduce the CO2 uptake efficiency from about 0.8 moles of CO2 per mole of TA down to only 0.1 mole of CO2 per mole of TA. Runaway precipitation appears to be avoidable by dilution below the critical ΩAr threshold of 5, ideally within hours of the addition to minimise initial CaCO3 precipitation. Finally, model considerations suggest that for the same ΩAr threshold, the amount of TA that can be added to seawater would be more than three times higher at 5 °C than at 30 °C, and that equilibration to atmospheric CO2 levels during mineral dissolution would further increase it by a factor of ~6 and ~3 respectively.
A new approach of dead-time compensation for PWM voltage inverters

It is essential to insert a switching delay time in sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation (PWM) voltage-fed inverters to prevent a short circuit in the dc link. This causes the well known dead-time effect which is detrimental to the performance of the output voltage. Many compensation schemes were proposed to overcome the drawbacks. In this paper, based on a systematic approach, a new approach to accurately compensate the dead-time effect is presented. The system analysis and compensation synthesis are straightforward without averaging the output voltage deviation. The model of the PWM voltage inverter with a time delay circuit leads us to a systematic approach of compensation. The simulation responses and experimental results show the validity of the analysis and verify the effectiveness of the proposed compensation method.
Loss of renal olfactory receptor 1393 leads to improved glucose homeostasis in a type 1 diabetic mouse model

Renal olfactory receptor 1393 (Olfr1393) is an understudied sensory receptor that contributes to glucose handling in the proximal tubule. Our previous studies have indicated that this receptor may serve as a regulator of the sodium glucose co‐transporters (SGLTs) and contributes to the development of glucose intolerance and hyperfiltration in the setting of diet‐induced obesity. We hypothesized that Olfr1393 may have a similar function in Type 1 Diabetes. Using Olfr1393 wildtype (WT) and knockout (KO) mice along with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce pancreatic β‐cell depletion, we tracked the development and progression of diabetes over 12 weeks. Here we report that diabetic male Olfr1393 KO mice have a significant improvement in hyperglycemia and glucose tolerance, despite remaining susceptible to STZ. We also confirm that Olfr1393 localizes to the renal proximal tubule, and have uncovered additional expression within the glomerulus. Collectively, these data indicate that loss of renal Olfr1393 affords protection from STZ‐induced type 1 diabetes and may be a general regulator of glucose handling in both health and disease.
New operating concepts for intermodal transport: The mega hub in Hanover/Lehrte in Germany

In intermodal logistics, combined transport operators and railway companies are engaged in the development of efficient block train concepts. The proportion of transport using single railway wagons is decreasing because of its poor time-quality ratio. In future, transport services will be focussed on industrial zones and large cities that offer the transport volumes required for direct train operation. In this regard, it will become more difficult for regions with smaller load volumes to be integrated into a combined transport network. In order to confront this trend, new concepts for bundling transport volumes have to be developed. One such concept is the 'mega hub'. The core idea is to interchange load units between several block trains during a short stop at an intermodal terminal. The paper provides an overview of the operating concept of the mega hub and the opportunities for intermodal transport operators.
A novel reconfigurable quad-band power amplifier with reconfigurable biasing network and LTCC substrates

This paper presents a novel MEMS-based reconfigurable multi-band power amplifier (PA) that employs a newly proposed reconfigurable biasing network and partitioned LTCC substrates. The biasing network comprises transmission lines, capacitors, and switches. Because DC bias current does not flow through switches, the proposed network functions as a multi-band low-loss biasing network. The partitioned multi-layer substrates improve the degree of freedom for further circuit design. According to the proposed design scheme, a quad-band PA is designed and fabricated. The fabricated 1W-class PA achieves high output power of 30 dBm and maximum power added efficiency of over 40% in the 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5-GHz bands.
A 34-Year-Old Thai Man Presenting with Pulmonary Stenosis and Heart Failure 24 Years After Surgical Correction with the Rastelli Procedure for Congenital Dextro-Transposition of the Great Artery, Ventricular Septal Defect, and Pulmonary Atresia

Patient: Male, 34-year-old Final Diagnosis: Pulmonary stenosis and heart failure 24 years after surgical correction with the Rastelli procedure for congenital D-TGA, VSD, and pulmonary atresia Symptoms: Dyspnea on exertion Medication:— Clinical Procedure: Pulmonary artery plasty • Rastelli procedure • Right-ventricle-to-pulmonary-artery conduit • VSD closure Specialty: Anatomy • Cardiac Surgery • Cardiology • General and Internal Medicine Objective: Congenital defects/diseases Background: Dextro-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) and pulmonary atresia is an uncommon congenital conotruncal abnormality. Surgical correction is performed using the Rastelli procedure, which includes a ventricular septal patch to direct blood from the left ventricle to the aorta and a valved conduit to connect the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. This report is of a 34-year-old Thai man who presented with pulmonary stenosis and heart failure 24 years after surgical correction with the Rastelli procedure for congenital D-TGA, VSD, and pulmonary atresia. Case Report: A 34-year-old Thai man presented with dyspnea on moderate exertion. His cardiovascular examination revealed a median sternal surgical scar, parasternal heaving, a grade III systolic ejection murmur at the left upper parasternal border, and a single second heart sound. Echocardiography demonstrated degenerative calcification of a severely stenosed pulmonary valve and impaired right ventricular function. A color Doppler M-mode echocardiogram showed VSD patch leakage. A computed tomography scan with 3-dimensional heart reconstruction demonstrated a significantly stenosed branch pulmonary artery. Right and left heart catheterization confirmed the multi-site stenoses were hemodynamically significant. The patient underwent surgery for VSD closure, placement of a right-ventricle-to-pulmonary-artery conduit with a polytetrafluoroethylene graft, and pulmonary artery plasty to correct the stenosis at the branch of the pulmonary artery. Conclusions: The long-term complications of the Rastelli-type operation seen for D-TGA with a VSD and pulmonary atresia included a right-ventricle-to-pulmonary-artery conduit obstruction, VSD patch leakage, and re-stenosis of the peripheral pulmonary stenosis. Multimodal imaging was informative in planning for reoperation.
3GPP Long Term Evolution: Paving the Way towards Next 4G

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the new standard recently specified by the 3GPP in the next step forward towards fourth generation mobile. This paper presents the main technical features of this standard as well as its performance in terms of peak bit rate and average cell throughput, among others. LTE entails a big technological improvement as compared with previous 3G standard. However, this paper also demonstrates that LTE performance does not fulfils the technical requirements established by ITU-R to classify one radio access technology as a member of the IMT-Advanced family of standards. That is why, an addition to analyzing comparatively these very ambitious goals, this paper describes the procedure followed by the 3GPP to cope with these challenging requirements. By means of the design and optimization of some new radio access techniques and a further evolution of the system, the 3GPP is currently laying down the foundations of the future LTE-Advanced standard, the 3GPP candidate for 4G. This paper offers a brief insight into all these technological trends.
Using Remote Sensing to Estimate Evapotranspiration of Irrigated Crops Under Flood and Sprinkler Irrigation Systems

The objectives of this study are to: (i) estimate the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) of the different irrigated crops in the South Platte River Basin, Colorado, USA; (ii) compare the consumption use for the irrigated areas for 2001 and 2010; (iii) investigate the impact of irrigation system (flood/sprinkler) on the estimated ETa. The ReSET model, a surface energy balance remote sensing based model, is used in this study to estimate the ETa of the South Platte River Basin irrigated crops for 2001 and 2010. Landsat 5/7 satellite images, weather data, shape files of irrigated crops, and a digital elevation model (DEM) were acquired and processed for the study area. The results of this study show that the estimated ETa using the ReSET model showed a reduction of 7.1% from 2.51 × 109 m3 in 2001 to 2.33 × 109 m3 in 2010, mainly due to the reduction of the irrigated area from 2001 to 2010 by 6.6%. The estimated total ETa of crops irrigated with flood irrigation systems decreased from 66.1 to 54.6%, while the estimated total ETa of crops irrigated with sprinkler systems increased from 33.9 to 45.4%. For 2001, the average seasonal ETa of all crops for flood irrigation and sprinkler irrigation, respectively, were 665 and 712 mm, with a 7% greater ETa for sprinkler systems. The ReSET model ETa estimates have been validated in a previous study of lysimeter measurements. However, in this study and due to the unavailability of a lysimeter, the model ETa estimates were verified with the reference evapotranspiration (ETr) of the weather stations in the study area. The results of the t‐test shows a p‐value = 0.124, greater than 0.05, which indicates that the means of the ReSET ETa estimates and the ETr are not significantly different. Additionally, the results of the F‐test shows a p‐value = 0.674, greater than 0.05, which indicates that the two variances of the ReSET ETa estimates and the ETr are homogeneous. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.