Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Two Maize Mutations that Arose After Exposure to Radiation from a Plutonium-Beryllium Source and Developing Molecular Markers for Antimorph AEI1-5180, An Alternative to AEI to Increase Amylose Content in Maize Endosperm

xi Chapter 1 . 1 1 General Introduction and Literature Review . 1 1.1 Maize gametophyte development . 1 1.2 Pollination and fertilization.3 1.3 Genes affecting Maize gametophyte development . 4 1.3. 1 Genes affecting germline initiation and differentiation . 4 1.3. 2 Genes affecting Male Gametophyte development . 5 1.3. 3 Genes affecting Female Gametophyte development . 7 1.3. 4 Genes affecting Pollination and Fertilization . 8 1.4 Generating Mutation with fast neutrons . 10 1.5 Maize endosperm . 11 1.5. 1 Amylose . 12 1.5. 2 Amylopectin . 12 1.6 Maize Starch Biosynthesis . 13 1.7 Enzymes involved in Starch Biosynthesis . 16
Simulation of tropospheric chemistry and aerosols with the 1 climate model EC-Earth 2 3

14 We have integrated the atmospheric chemistry and transport model TM5 into the global 15 climate model EC-Earth version 2.4. We present an overview of the TM5 model and the two16 way data exchange between TM5 and the IFS model from the European Centre for Medium17 Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the atmospheric general circulation model of EC-Earth. 18 In this paper we evaluate the simulation of tropospheric chemistry and aerosols in a one-way 19 coupled configuration. We have carried out a decadal simulation for present-day conditions 20 and calculated chemical budgets and climatologies of tracer concentrations and aerosol optical 21 depth. For comparison we have also performed offline simulations driven by meteorological 22 fields from ECMWF’s ERA-Interim reanalysis and output from the EC-Earth model itself. 23 Compared to the offline simulations, the online-coupled system produces more efficient 24 vertical mixing in the troposphere, which reflects an improvement of the treatment of cumulus 25 convection. The chemistry in the EC-Earth simulations is affected by the fact that the current 26 version of EC-Earth produces a cold bias with too dry air in large parts of the troposphere. 27 Compared to the ERA-Interim driven simulation, the oxidizing capacity in EC-Earth is lower 28
Financial Risk and market Effects for the Congestion Costs of the electricity System in Italy

The physical and structural constraints of the electricity grid economically and financially affect the operators imposing on them a set of measures designed to contain the problem of electric congestions. The Congestion costs occur in the electricity market when the power flows, equivalent to a projection mapping of energy injection and withdrawal, established by the “electricity stock exchange” and by “bi-lateral contracts”, are incompatible with the transfer capacity guaranteed by the power grid, in required security conditions. Transfer restrictions in the national and transboundary transmission grid can potentially determine the market segmentation in different geographical areas, preventing the producers to compete freely to satisfy the overall demand in those areas. As a result of power congestions, those producers that have reduced limitations in the power transfer are obviously favored, also if in the presence of high marginal production costs and prices, leading to the constitution of pools of producers that de facto control the local market. Through a critical survey of the situation of the Italian electricity market the paper aims to describe and discuss the problem of power congestions costs, the electricity price formation and the congestion risk management.
Discovering Mise-en-scène in Movies by Analyzing Scripts?

This study aims to analyze mise-en-scène in movies. Although the mise-en-scène includes all the entities that appear on the scene, we focus on metaphorical meanings of the entities. When entities are expressions of the same metaphorical symbol, lexical meanings of the entities will be relevant to each other. Also, if a metaphorical symbol is significant for storytelling, the symbol will appear on most of the scenes. Therefore, we find groups of entities, which share similar lexical meanings and appear allover the movie. As a preliminary study, we have applied these approaches on terms in movie scripts with simple natural language processing techniques. Although we have not conducted evaluation yet, we anticipate that the proposed method will be helpful for analyzing artistic and topical intentions of movie directors.
Empowerment revisited: How social work integrated into a sports programme can make a difference

Team sports may represent an arena in which adolescent girls can develop skills and abilities to gain control over their lives. The aim of this retrospective study was to explore how participation in a psychosocial programme using sport as an intervention tool could foster the process of empowerment in young women at risk of delinquency and school dropout. Interviews were conducted with seven young women who were involved in the programme during high school. A descriptive content analysis suggests that involvement in the programme may contribute to the participants’ empowerment process through better academic persistency, capacity to resist negative external influences and the development of life skills. Results, however, indicate that the empowerment process is moderated by the participants’ differential social environment and life trajectory after high school.
Isolation and Gain Enhancement Using Metamaterial Based Superstrate for MIMO Applications

In this paper, a metamaterial superstrate inspired multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) for gain and isolation enhanced antenna system is investigated for WLAN applications. The superstrate layer generates a resonant cavity effect which results in gain enhancement of the antenna system by 3.73 dBi (65%). The superstrate consists of a novel hexagonal nested ring structure, placed at a height of 0. 175λ0 above antenna and confines the near field coupling between the antenna elements, thereby reducing the mutual coupling. The isolation between each antenna elements is better than 20 dB over the entire band of operation with reduced edge-to-edge spacing of 0.057 λ0 which makes it suitable for the larger MIMO configurations. The prototype of the proposed design is fabricated and validated through proper measurement that shows the measured impedance bandwidth of 7.0% (5.65–6.06 GHz). The measured gain and simulated efficiency remains above 8.6 dBi and 84% along with envelope correlation coefficient ˂0.003 over the operating band making the design suitable for high gain MIMO WLAN applications.
An immunohistochemical study of endocrine cells in the digestive tract of Varanus salvator (Reptile: Varanidae)

Aim: The aim of the study was to identify the distribution pattern and frequency of endocrine cell types in the digestive tract of Varanus salvator. Materials and Methods: The presence of endocrine cells (glucagon, somatostatin, and serotonin) in the digestive tract (esophagus, stomach, and intestine) was detected using the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) method. Results: Three types of endocrine cells immunoreactive to antisera glucagon, serotonin, and somatostatin were found in the caudal portion of the small and large intestines but were not observed in the esophagus, stomach, and caput and medial sections of the small intestine. Endocrine cells distributed in the digestive tract of V. salvator vary in color intensity, from weak to sharp, in response to the primer antibody. Conclusion: Endocrine cells in the digestive tract that is immunoreactive to glucagon, somatostatin, and serotonin are those found in the caudal portion of the small and large intestines. They are varied in distribution pattern, frequency, and color intensity.
A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE TEMPERATURE PROXIES: ARE RECONSTRUCTION OF SURFACE TEMPERATURE OVER THE LAST 1000 YEARS RELIABLE? : DISCUSSION OF THE PAPER BY MCSHANE AND WYNER

Professors McShane and Wyner have written a thought provoking paper that intends to challenge some of the conventional wisdom in the paleoclimate literature. Rather than commenting on the merits of the entire methodology we focus on one topic. Namely, we discuss theoretical and practical aspects of the use of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (5), more popularly known as the “Lasso”, in the context of paleoclimate reconstruction.
Sequence characterization of S100A8 gene and its 5’ flanking region in Indian Zebu (Bos indicus) and crossbred (Bos indicus X Bos Taurus) cattle

The present study was carried out to sequence characterize bovine S100A8 gene in Sahiwal (Bos indicus) and Karan Fries (Bos indicus X Bos taurus) cattle. S100A8 sequence data including 912 bp of coding DNA and 1kb of 5’ flanking region were generated in Sahiwal and Karan Fries cattle. The S100A8 coding DNA sequence of Sahiwal and Karan Fries cattle were found to have 100% identity with Bos taurus cattle, 99% with yak, 97% with buffalo and 85% with horse. A total of 18 putative sites were identified in 1kb region upstream to S100A8 gene and the location of most of these transcription factors except CP2 and NF kappa B were conserved in Sahiwal and Karan Fries cattle. The putative domain for binding CP2, found in Sahiwal cattle was absent in Karan Fries cattle while NF kappa B found in Karan Fries cattle was absent in Sahiwal.
Comparison of Fiberoptic-Guided Tracheal Intubation Through Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway (ILMA) FastrachTM and Ambu® Aura-i™: A Randomized Clinical Study

Background and aim The primary aim of the study was to compare the intubation characteristics and effectiveness of intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA) and Ambu® Aura-i™ as a conduit for facilitating fiberoptic-guided intubation. Methods Eighty patients were enrolled in the randomized-controlled hospital-based study. After inducing general anesthesia, an appropriately sized ILMA (group 1)/Ambu Aura-I (group 2) was placed. Fiberoptic assessment of the glottic view was done followed by fiberoptic-guided tracheal intubation. The time taken for the insertion of ILMA/Ambu Aura-i, glottic view grading, time taken for fiberoptic-guided intubation, ease of intubation, time taken for the removal of ILMA/Ambu Aura-i were recorded. Data analysis was done using the two-tailed independent t-test, paired t-test, and Fisher’s exact probability test. Result Anthropometric and airway parameters were similar in both groups. The success rate of the insertion of both devices was 100%. In group 1, the mean time taken for the insertion was 20.53±1.91, and it was 13.98±2.4 in group 2 (P<0.001S). Fiberoptic assessment of the glottic view in group 1 (ILMA group) was grade 1 in 80% of the patients, whereas it was 92% in group 2 (Ambu Aura-i) (P=0.54). The mean time taken for fiberoptic-guided intubation was 14.95±1.85 in group 1 and 14.15±1.37 in group 2 (P>0.001). No significant difference was observed according to the number of attempts in intubating through ILMA/Ambu Aura-i. Seventy-five percent (75%) in group 1 and 87.5% in group 2 were successfully inserted on the first attempt (𝑝 = 0.33). The time taken for the removal of the device was 11.87 +1.265 seconds in group 1 and 11.25±1.58 seconds in group 2 (P=0.054). Conclusion The Ambu Aura-i scores superiorly over ILMA in requiring less time for successful insertion on the basis of statistical analysis and hence appears to be a better independent ventilatory device.
PROBABILISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT FOR SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS

A probabilistic seismic hazard model was developed for seven countries in the South Pacific, including Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu. A regional seismicity model was built based on historical and instrumental earthquake catalog, subduction zone segmentation and plate motion information, and available data on crustal faults. Several historical earthquake catalogs were combined to create a comprehensive database spanning from 1900 to 2008. A variety of magnitude scales were converted to moment magnitude using regression relationships. We delineated 46 seismic source zones to capture the seismic activity on subduction zones, fore-arc and back-arc regions, transforming zones, and background areas. The concept of regional smooth seismicity was used to create a gridded-seismicity model for non-characteristic shallow and deep earthquakes. For characteristic earthquakes for faults and subduction zones, their magnitudes and recurrence times were formulated based on historical and instrumental seismicity, regional tectonics, geodetic studies, and plate motions. To account for the hazard from multi-segment ruptures, a stochastic cascading model was formulated and applied to the subduction segments that have cascading rupture histories or may potentially produce cascading ruptures. To calculate the ground motion, we used different sets of attenuation equations to account for the different types of earthquakes, such as subduction interface, intra-slab, deep, and crustal events. Site conditions near four capital cities, as characterized by seismic microzonation, were considered to account for site amplification. We compared the seismic hazard from this study with that of other published research, to evaluate the effects of our integrated seismicity, three-dimensional source geometry, and local site conditions models on regional seismic hazard analysis. Senior Research Scientist, AIR Worldwide Corporation, Boston, MA 02116, USA Director, AIR-Worldwide Corporation, Boston, MA 02116, USA Principal Research Scientist, AIR Worldwide Corporation, Boston, MA 02116, USA Senior Research Scientist, AIR Worldwide Corporation, Boston, MA 02116, USA Senior Vice President, AIR Worldwide Corporation, Boston, MA 02116, USA Proceedings of the 9th U.S. National and 10th Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering Compte Rendu de la 9ième Conférence Nationale Américaine et 10ième Conférence Canadienne de Génie Parasismique July 25-29, 2010, Toronto, Ontario, Canada • Paper No 436
An individual-based model of Trichogramma foraging behaviour : parameter estimation for single females

The aim of this paper is to estimate spatio-temporal parameters of an individual based model of Trichogramma female foraging behaviour in a mass rearing system. The system consists of Trichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko (Hymenoptera: Trich-ogrammatidae) and the host Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). This paper deals with the analysis of the foraging behaviour of single females. We used direct visual observation for building an ethogram with the following behavioural states: searching, drumming, drilling, oviposition and host-feeding. We estimated the distribution of the time spent in the behavioural states using the gamma distribution and built a transition probability matrix between the behavioural states. The mean time duration for searching, drumming, drilling and oviposition was similar for all behavioural states in our experiments and amounted to half of a minute. Host feeding, however, lasted more than 2 min. An image analysis system was used to record the paths of single Trichogramma females foraging on a spatial lattice arrangement of host eggs. Paths were analysed using a vector autocorrelation function. The velocity vector was analysed separately for the speed and directional components. The analysis showed a short time memory for the directional process and a negligible memory for the speed component. We used a stochastic differential equation, an Ornstein Uhlenbeck-process, for modelling the directional changes. We then combined it with the information about the speed changes and obtained simulated paths. Visual assessment with recorded paths showed good agreement; the characteristic loops and circlings, as well as the longer meanders were faithfully represented. The theoretical and simulated processes overestimated the mean squared displacement in the first few hundred seconds but provided a good fit thereafter.
A Study on Tailor-made Security Schemes to defend IoT's

The Internet of Things refers to the internet enabled systems and the network of physical devices, and the communication that occur between them. Therefore this IoT requires security solutions that are tailor-made. The security attacks from the outsiders are being handled by various methods, but the attacks from the insiders are not handled. The legacy solutions does not consider about the peculiarities of the attacks. Our idea is to study the security solutions for tackling attacks in the IoT’s. Our proposal projects the vulnerabilities by verifying the data between the nodes of communication. Thus, we compare the existing solutions with ours and find the efficient mechanism to handle the described attacks
An Arbitrage-free Interpolation of Volatilities

This paper presents a new interpolation method for implied volatilities in the equity and forex markets. If the market volatilities are arbitragefree we compute an interpolating surface of the market volatilities for all strikes and maturities up to the last maturity that is arbitrage-free and satisfies some smoothness conditions. The basis block for our interpolation is a single-maturity interpolation with the following properties. If there are no absolute discrete dividends and the input volatilities are constant so are the interpolated volatilities. The second derivative of the call price with respect to the strike is positive and continuous, as shown by numerical experiments. The motivation for the second property is that the second derivative of the call price is proportional to the implied density of the spot. Our single-maturity interpolation does not depend on the shape of the discrete volatilities and applies to index, equity, forex and interest rate options. It takes seconds to calibrate a 10 × 10 volatilities matrix on a 800 Mhz processor and the quality of the fit is excellent. Using the regularity properties of the interpolated volatilities surface, local volatilities can be computed via Dupire’s formula. This allows the pricing of exotic options, such as knock-out barrier options, by taking the smile into account. Numerical experiments show that prices of vanilla options computed via our local volatilities surface and a Crank-Nicholson scheme are very close to input prices. The local volatilities surface can be used to compute stable prices for exotic derivatives. ∗Hiram Finance, 25 Rue d’Astorg, 75008 Paris. nabil.kahale@hiram-finance.com c ©Hiram Finance.
Effectiveness of Sampling Strategies for One-shot Active Learning from Relational Data

Relational classification exploits structural information in network data to improve predictive performance. However, the large sizes of real-world networks cause two main scalability issues for relational classification. First, training supervised models on large networks is computationally expensive. Second, label acquisition for large samples can be costly and unrealistic. The goal of active learning is to query informative labels and reduce labeling cost. However, state-of-the-art active learning strategies require multiple iterations of learning, in order to pick the best labels at each iteration, which incurs higher computational cost. In this work, we focus on a constrained version of the problem, named one-shot active learning where the active learner has to decide which nodes to sample in one shot, rather than iteratively. We consider several simple and network-based sampling strategies as potential solutions to this problem and propose a novel sampling method (WLS) based on Weisfeiler-Lehman graph labeling algorithm. In our experiments, we show a comprehensive evaluation of eleven different sampling methods on four real world network datasets using four relational classifiers (wvRN, ICA, SGC, GraphSage), offering the first comparison between collective classification and neural network approaches for one-shot active learning. Our sampling method (WLS) shows the strongest performance on average across classifiers and datasets. It performs particularly well with GNN-based classifiers whereas edge-based sampling performs best with wvRN and ICA. We also show that some of the computationally cheaper one-shot active learning approaches can achieve comparable Micro-F1 scores to existing active learning methods that require multiple iterations.
Switching Costs, Quality Misconceptions and Behavioral Pricing in the Pharmaceutical Market∗

This article examines the market power of branded prescription drugs faced with generic competition. Using prescription-level and matched socioeconomic panel data of the entire Swedish population between 2010 and 2016, I provide evidence for the key role of switching costs. A discontinuity surrounding patent expirations establishes that the effect is causal. Further, by comparing medical experts to non-experts, I show that non-experts experience considerable quality misconceptions. A unique feature of the Swedish market allows me to rule out patients’ inattention due to information costs as a source of market power. Therefore, switching costs and quality misconceptions are the key determinants of market power. I then estimate a dynamic oligopoly model with forward-looking firms which is used in counterfactual studies of the effect of switching costs and quality misconceptions on prices. First, an increase in the length of procurement mimics a reduction of switching costs and increase prices. While the effect of switching costs on prices in theory is ambiguous, moderate switching costs and sufficient competition for new patients increase competitive pressure. Second, if everyone acts as a medical expert and experiences fewer misconceptions prices decrease.
The Effect of Medium, Temperature, and Age on Rhizopus Delemar Sporangiospore Size

We thank Dr. W. L. Nutting, Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, for giving us these specimens, Dr. D. Pfister, Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, for loaning the type of Cordycepioideus bisporus, and Dr. R. T. Hanlin, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, for helpful information. Dr. Albert Bell, Hope College, Holland, Michigan, provided the Latin diagnosis.
A contingency theory perspective on the use of forecasting procedures and methods for capital budgeting decision-making: Evidence from Libya

This paper highlights the role of cash flow forecasting process in capital budgeting decisions. To achieve this goal, we examine the influence of contingency variables on the use of forecasting procedures & methods, which in turn reflects on the extent of use of capital budgeting techniques (CBT). The descriptive results of this study reported that most manufacturing and oil companies operating in Libya depend on personal estimates for forecasting future cash flow, as well as use the payback period and accounting rate of return to evaluate the investment projects. Statistically, the findings of this research provided robust evidence that the use of forecasting procedures & methods is significantly associated with the extent of CBT usage. In addition, the results of this study proved that the contingency variables have a direct and significant impact on the use of forecasting procedures & methods. In this regard, we found that the influence of the combined contingent variables differs from public to private sector based on PLS multi-group analysis (PLS-MGA), whereas the PLS-MGA exposed opposite result in terms of manufacturing and oil companies. Moreover, the research findings revealed that there is a direct and significant relationship between the use of forecasting procedures & methods and the financial performance of firms (FPFs), but this relationship is consistently negative. On the other hand, the relationship between the extent of use of CBT and the FPFs is not statistically supported.