Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review of Cluster-based Energy Routing Protocols for WSNs

— This paper presents various Hierarchical Clustered based routing protocols of the WSN in the literature and explains its benefits. These protocols are designed to prolong the lifetime of network by minimizing the energy consumption of the sensor nodes. We scrutinize and compare several aspects and characteristics of few widely explored hierarchical clustering protocols, and its processes in wireless sensor networks (WSN). This paper also presents a discussion on the future research topics and the challenges of hierarchical clustering in WSNs.
Preparation and Optimization of Nanoemulsions for targeting Drug Delivery

Corresponding Authors: E-mail: navneetrssharma@gmail.com Abstract: Nanoemulsions have appeared as a novel drug delivery system which allows sustained or controlled release of drug, biological active ingredient and genetic material. Nanoemulsion is a dispersion consisting of oil, surfactant and an aqueous phase, which is a isotropically clear and thermo-dynamically or kinetically stable liquid solution, usually with droplet diameter within the range of 10-500nm. Although interest in nano-emulsions was developed for more than two decades now, mainly for nanoparticle preparation, it is in the last few years that direct applications of nano-emulsions in consumer products are being developed, mainly in pharmacy and cosmetics. These recent applications have made that studies on optimization methods for nano-emulsion preparation be a requirement. The design of effective formulations for drugs has long been a major task, because drug efficacy can severely limited by instability or poor solubility in the vehicle. Nanoemulsion is being applied to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of water insoluble drugs. The nanosized droplets leading to an enormous increase in interfacial areas associated with nanoemulsion would influence the transport properties of the drug [1, 2]. Recently, there has been a considerable attraction for this formulation, for the delivery of hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic drug as drug carriers because of its improved drug solubilization capacity, long shelf life, ease of preparation and improvement of bioavailability of drugs. This review is focused on the most recent literature on developments of nano-emulsions as final application products and on the optimization of their preparation.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL RETROSPECTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE PRESCRIBING PATTERN OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG THERAPY IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL,

Objective medications in a tertiary care hospital in North East prescribing pattern of antihypertensive drugs as per the seventh r Committee (JNC Methodology March 2017. Inpatient hypertensive cases suffering from hypertension with or without co were included and were analyzed on the basis of age, percentage of male and female patients, anti hypertensive drug category, most frequently prescribed hypertensive drug and percentage of one or two drug combination. Results males, were included. common drugs involved in the study were calcium channel blockers 47% followed by angiotensin receptor blockers 22%.The commonest two drug therapy was with BB and CCB(32.9%), followed by ARB and CCB (21.1%), CCB and Diuretics (16.4%), ACEI and diuretic (11.7%) Conclusions without comorbidities was CCBs. There was underutilization of thiazide diuretics, ACEIs and BBs in this study. Overall the general pattern of antihypertensive prescribing in this study is only partly in accordance with the guidelines of JNC
Adaptive Fingerprint Image Enhancement Based on Spatial Contextual Filtering and Pre-processing of Data

-Although fingerprint recognition technology has advanced rapidly there are still some challenging research problems. Research has been conducted to develop Automatic Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS). The main problem in automatic fingerprint identification is to acquire matching reliable features from poor quality fingerprint images. Another challenging problem is the processing and matching of overlapped fingerprints. So, this paper proposes several improvements to an adaptive fingerprint enhancement method that is based on contextual filtering. The term “adaptive” implies that parameters of the method are automatically adjusted based on the input fingerprint image. Five processing blocks comprise the adaptive fingerprint enhancement method, where four of these blocks are updated in our proposed system. Hence, the proposed overall system is novel. The four updated processing blocks are: 1) preprocessing; 2) global analysis; 3) local analysis; and 4) matched filtering. In the preprocessing and local analysis blocks, a nonlinear dynamic range adjustment method is used. In the global analysis and matched filtering blocks, different forms of order statistical filters are applied. These processing blocks yield an improved and new adaptive fingerprint image processing method. There are situations where several fingerprints overlap on top of each other. A future enhancement is to separate such overlapped fingerprints into component fingerprints and enhance them so that existing fingerprint matchers can recognize them. The algorithm is evaluated toward the NIST developed NBIS software for fingerprint recognition on FVC databases.
Aggregated Search-A rising need for Information Retrieval

: A regular search results into ranked pages based upon various algorithms and their previous hits, this may not be advantageous all the time. Thus, information required by user will be scattered in various documents and user will require manually combining them. Aggregated search does the work of combining the information from different sources. Aggregated search will result with images as well as multimedia for a query if related information is found. Aggregated search comes in advance search engine mechanism with various facilities which we tried to explore in this paper. This paper also proposes a viable solution to check the credibility and trustworthiness of the data source used in data aggregation.
MACROECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY AND CORPORATE CAPITAL STRUCTURE: EVIDENCE FROM FIRMS LISTED IN TEHRAN STOCK EXCHANGE, IRAN

Corporate capital structure is one of the most researched areas in finance but there is still no universally accepted theory which can fully explain a firm preference in choosing the financing source and researches are yet trying to recognize new factors affecting leverage. Based on the previous studies, it turned out that in addition to internal factors, there are other important variables influencing the mix of debt-equity and it is even claimed that about 70 percent of differences in the capital structure is due to external factors. For this reason, we tried to extend the literature on the effect of Macroeconomic uncertainty on the capital structure of Iranian firms. In particular, we have considered the influence of inflation rate, real exchange rate and Gross domestic product uncertainty, using a sample of 186 manufacturing firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange covering a period from 2007 to 2014with applying an EGARCH model to proxy for macroeconomic uncertainty. The results of the fixed effect regression, after controlling for firms specific factors including profitability, liquidity, firm size and tangibility, revealed that inflation rate and real exchange rate uncertainty have negative effects on the leverage while GDP uncertainty has a positive influence on it.
PLAGIARISM DETECTION SERVICES FOR FORMATIVE FEEDBACK AND ASSESSMENT: EXAMPLE OF TURNITIN

The Internet has drastically changed the way we do and handle everything. Student homework is no exception, especially in higher education. As a result of easy access to information, copy-paste and plagiarism have become widespread behaviors among students even when they submit graded homework in the university level. As a response to this ethical evil, plagiarism tracking services like Turnitin have been released and welcomed by university professors. However, it cannot be said that the potential of such services has been fully realized by university teachers. The aim of the present study is to introduce Turnitin as a tool not just to detect and deter plagiarism but also to provide formative feedback and assessment which is of utmost importance in learning. It is believed that when Turnitin is used as a means of formative assessment, it will not only deter plagiarism but will also enhance student learning which will lead to more quality student work.
DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF METAL DEFECTS USING DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

Digital Image Processing is one of the most basic and prominent tool in image processing and computer vision. We can detect metal defects using Digital Image Processing in a very easy manner. Surface quality of metals should be regularly tested before making them available in industries. Traditional testing methods are not such effective due to its low productivity and lower reliability. This paper presents a simple and efficient method for metal defects detection and classification using Digital Image Processing.
Analysis of Keyword Searchable Methodologies in Encrypted Cloud Data

--- Present days popularity of cloud computing increased concurrently with respect to out sourcing data into multiple users in cloud. However, delicate information should be secured before outsourcing for privacy requirements, which obsoletes information usage like keyword-based papers recovery. Traditionally more number of techniques/methods were introduce for information retrieval in out sourced cloud. In this paper we analyse four methods for information retrieval in outsourced data from cloud. We formalize the problem of fuzzy search from encrypted cloud data. Our analysis provides a realistic and effective data retrieval from different data cloud data storage. Boolean data retrieval is the main proceeding concept in data retrieval from cloud with respect to time and concept wised data retrieval in cloud data storage. Our analysis provides compatative analysis of different techniques to support above conditions equally with preferred results in cloud data storage.
Binary Image Analysis Technique for Preprocessing of Excessively dilated characters in Aged Kannada Document Images

In this paper, variety of document image enhancement techniques are applied for removal of background noise in the degraded document images. The noise removal techniques are applied on different forms of noise including nonuniform illuminations, complex stain marks, user annotations, show through effect and foxing effect. In this work, Binary Image Analysis (BIA) Technique is proposed for removal of aging degradation in ancient document images of Kannada literature. The method involves multiple phases comprising of contrast enhancement, Gaussian smoothing, binarization, morphological processing, object detection using connected component analysis and filtering followed by marginal noise removal of non-textual regions. The document samples employed for experimentation comprised of more than 175 aged and highly degraded scanned documents of old Kannada literature and poetry that are massively affected by noise and 25 images from DIBCO datasets collected across 2009 to 2017. The results of the experimentation are quite satisfactory and suitable enough for processing of document images in the subsequent stages of OCR.The experimentations are compared with some widely used approaches like Sauvola, Otsu, Gaussian. It is noticed that the proposed method outperforms other noise removal methods in terms of character retentions for extensively degraded and aged document images.
A Trust Based Clustering with Bio-inspired Routing Algorithm for Wireless Ad-hoc Networks

The bio-inspired routing algorithm was adopted from the behavior of an insect called Bombyx Mori, a male silkmoth. This routing algorithm is a typical straight-line path representing a shortest-path algorithm and a zigzag-path as an extended shortest-path algorithm. In this research paper a Trust Based Clustering with Bio-inspired (TBCB) algorithm is proposed. The proposed TBCB algorithm adds advantage over Bomby Mori algorithm by utilizing Trust Model and Energy Model. Trust model may be more accurate to establish and connect the shortest path among the nodes and Energy model to show up how much it create energy balanced network. TBCB method initializes all nodes of the network with their initial energy level and initial trust value parameters. For male node to go ahead towards Female node, a
Resonance Based Feature Extraction of 3D Objects from RCS Data

Classification of objects based on Radar Cross Section (RCS) has several military and civilian applications. Feature extraction is an important step in the classification process. The resonances (features) of an object are unique and are independent of the look angles (aspect). A database created with the resonances of known radar targets help in the classification of targets. A method to extract the Natural Resonant Frequencies (NRFs) of 3dimensional (3D) canonical shaped objectsusing the Vector Fitting (VF) algorithm is formulated and the results are presented in this paper.
DETERMINATION OF PHYTOCHEMICALS AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF HIMALYAN CYPRESS (CUPRESSUS TORULOSA D.DON) NEEDLES

The use of antioxidant in treatment of oxidative stress related pathologies is a possible therapeutic strategy for future. Natural product with antioxidant properties could trigger this goal. The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the antioxidant activity of four (hexane, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous) extracts of Cupressus torulosa D.Don. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts of the plant was determined using standard assay methods and the antioxidant activity was assessed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2̍ [azinobis (3 ethyl benothiazoline6 sulphonic acid) di-ammonium salt] (ABTS) and superoxide scavenging activity assay (SSA). The polar extracts (ethanol and Aqueous) had more phytochemicals than non-polar extracts (hexane and chloroform). The scavenging activity was found dose dependent. Polar extracts has been found to have higher total phenolic content (for ethanol467.5±6.81 and for aqueous379.76±7.29 mg GAE/gm dry extract weight extract), total flavonoid content (for ethanol248.51±3.81 and for aqueous137.47±2.79 mg QE/gm dry extract weight of extract) as well as high antioxidant activity with IC50 value ranging from 16.61±2.18 μg/ml for aqueous extract in ABTS assay to 47.40±3. 06μg/ml for aqueous extract for DPPH assay. Hexane and chloroform extracts showed weak antioxidant capacity. Results of this study showed that, polar extracts has maximum antioxidant property and may be utilized as a promising source of therapeutics.
Text-Image Segmentation and Compression using Adaptive Statistical Block Based Approach

: Images and scanned text documents are gradually more used in a vast range of applications. To reduce the needed storage or to accelerate their move through the computers networks, the document images have to be compressed. Traditional compression mechanisms, which are generally developed with a particular image type and purpose, are facing many challenges with mixed documents. This paper describes a statistical block-based technique for an automatic document image segmentation and compression. Based on the number of detected colors in each region of the image, this approach creates a new representation of the image that can produce very highly-compressed document files that nonetheless retain excellent image quality. The proposed algorithm segments the compound document image into blocks of equal size. The blocks are classified into seven different categories. Each category represents an image part that shares the same properties. A new representation of each category is formed and the similar adjacent blocks are merged to form labeled regions sharing the same properties. At the end, to achieve better compression ratio, the different regions of the image are compressed using different compression techniques .
Power Aware Based on Voltage Islands for X-Clock Tree Construction

 Abstract — This paper proposes an algorithm of power aware based on voltage islands for constructing an X-clock tree with considering double via insertion. Different voltages are assigned for multiple voltage islands for power aware to reduce total power consumption under the clock delay control. Higher rate of double via insertion is made for via-effect avoidance and reliability. We first partition a clock network to be the number of voltage islands, such as L-type or T-type, and construct the X-clock tree for each voltage island with double via insertion. Then, we combine these X-clock trees based on a well-defined connection with inserted level shifters for minimizing the power. The delay effect due to the total number of inserted double vias is also accounted. Ten benchmarks are tested for our approach. Compared with single voltage island, experimental results show that our X-clock tree based on multi-voltage islands can save up to 21.58%, 4.75%, and 33.8% in power, delay, and running time, respectively.
An Inverted Sine Carrier PWM Strategy to Control the Photovoltaic Inverters Connected to Grid

-This paper investigates the suitability of Inverse Sine Carrier Pulse Width Modulation (ISCPWM) for low-loss multimegawatt grid connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters. The proposed system is able to meet utilities regulations, IEEE and IEC standards. In an attempt to substantiate the potential superiority of ISCPWM over SHEPWM, this paper demonstrates that ISCPWM may allow grid-connected PV inverters to be controlled using a switching frequency of less than 1 kHz, while the inverter is still able to provide necessary operation features such as independent control of active and reactive powers and operation control simplicity. For system validation, Simulation results with ISCPWM are compared with the conventional SHEPWM technique. The advantages of the proposed technique include simplicity in implementation and flexibility in PWM waveforms. Simulation results demonstrate agreement, which validates the practicability of the proposed system.
Comparison of Best Yield of in vitro Sperm activation Techniques with New technique of Caffeine Combined with Density Gradient Centrifugation in Iraqi Patients

Background: Many of sperm preparation techniques exist to select spermatozoa with good quality, as the classical parameters of sperm number, motility and morphology and other sperm parameters to provide successful assisted reproductive techniques.Many studies have been conducted on Caffeine as sperm motility stimulants which have shown positive effect on the in vitro activation of sperm and improved the progressive
Exploring the Practice of Resource Planning and Leveling ( RP & L ) Among Contractors in the Kenyan Construction Industry

44 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd. Abstract: The performance of construction projects d epends to a great extent on how best resources are managed. Resou rce planning and leveling are critical aspects of resou rce management which need to be fully incorporated and p ractised in any site. Failure to manage the resources available through planning and leveling is likely to result in increa sed project costs, time overruns and poor quality. This assertion is s upported by Tarek, (2010) who argues that proper resource planni g and leveling helps resolve resource conflicts, which cau se numerous challenges to the organization, such as: delay in c ompletion of certain tasks, challenges in assigning a different resource to a certain task, inability to alter task dependencies, addition or removal of certain tasks and overall time and cost overruns of projects. He further argues that the aim of resourc e leveling is to increase efficiency when undertaking projects by max imizing on the resources available at hand. While it would be t rue to say that quite a number of authors have addressed the issue of resource management, the author feels that the subject of re source planning and leveling in the Kenyan construction ind ustry is not well covered. This is due to a number of reasons whic h create a gap to be researched on. Authors such as Abeyasinghe et al., (2001); Ballard, (2000); Bandelloni et al., (1994) am ong others have covered different aspects of resource planning and leveling. It is however important to note that all these autho rs address the topic in developed countries. Some of the literatur e found on the topic is based on the manufacturing industry. This therefore creates the need to study the Kenyan construction in dustry and establish the underlying factors behind the practic e of resource planning and leveling among construction industry p layers. The purpose of this research was to explore the practice of resource planning and leveling (RP&L) adopted by contractors within the Kenyan construction industry and the factors influen cing the adoption of such techniques. This research mainly adopted a case study design where questionnaires were used to collec t data from respondents. The research site was Nairobi and the target population was NCA 1-3 contractors. Random sampling was used to identify the 106 respondents. A response rate of 76% was achieved. Data obtained was analyzed using descripti ve statistics, relative importance index analysis and spearman’s c orrelation analysis. The study concluded that: though there is a high le vel of usage of RP&L in the Kenyan construction industry muc h of which is non-structured, construction projects’ prog ress continue to be affected by delayed materials, lack of labour and lack of equipment at the points of need; RP&L is practised m ore in older contracting firms and where there is support from to p
PRIVACY PRESERVING USING ENSEMBLE CLASSIFICATION FOR HEART DISEASE DATA SETS

In this modern era of thriving technology, the data being gathered through way of private in addition to public businesses is increasing each day. But in recent times people are more worried about their data and privateness being preserved at the same time as use of their data in other analysis purpose. Thus Privacy-Preserving Data Mining (PPDM) method has been proposed to permit the extraction of understanding from data at the same time as keeping the privateness of people. The primary purpose of our project is on preserving privacy for healthcare records as privateness lacks in Medical data. Privacy-Preserving Data Mining (PPDM) offers with shielding the privacy of individual’s data or sensitive data without the utility of data. Therefore the strategies like anonymization, randomization are used to attain the intention. However, unfortunately anonymization results in certain level of information loss while preserving privacy. In order to overcome this problem, perturbation technique is carried out. Our challenge initiates with cleaning and preprocessing followed by ensemble classification and proceeded with perturbation to attain the goal. This method focuses on preserving privacy by perturbing the sensitive attributes in the Medical data without causing loss to the information in the process