Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Composition of Cumin Seeds , and

A new biorefinery approach has been developed in the present study, and applied on cumin (Cuminum cyminum) seeds as a potential source of phytochemicals of interest. Cumin is a popular spice used widely for its distinctive aroma. It is a rich reserve of both vegetable and essential oils. The biorefinery approach here focused on the evaluation of the influence of four different geographical origins (i.e., Lebanon, France, Algeria and Syria) on oil yield and quality in cumin seed, and on the valorization of remaining by‐products by investigating their nutritional content and biological activity for the first time. Vegetable and essential oils were extracted, and their compositions were determined. Nutritional traits were also assessed. The delipidated and hydrodistillated cakes just as aromatic water were characterized for their fiber, sugar, protein, phenol and flavonoid contents. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities were also determined. Cumin seeds showed high contents in both vegetable and essential oils, proteins and sugars regardless their origin. Moreover, this Apiaceae species exhibited high levels of petroselinic fatty acid (an isomer of oleic acid) and sterols. Cakes and aromatic water also presented high levels of proteins, fibers, sugars and phenols. These residues revealed interesting antioxidant and antibacterial activities. These results emphasized the potential use of cumin in a biorefinery concept, with a multi‐ purpose industrial process. In addition, large differences were observed between the four geographical origins for phytochemical contents and compositions. These findings highlight the perspectives for developing selection programs for nutritional traits and industrial interests. All obtained results validate the health promoting effect of cumin composition as well as its industrial importance along with the residues.
4.1. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

It is worthwhile considering that only some 30 species make up the bulk of the bacterial population in human faeces at any one time based on the classical cultivation-based approach [7, 14]. The situation in the rumen is similar. Thus, it is practical to focus on specific groups of interest within the complex community. These may be the predominant or the most active species, specific physiological groups or readily identifiable (genetic) clusters of phylogenetically related organisms. Several 16S rDNA fingerprinting techniques can be invaluable for selecting and monitoring sequences or phylogenetic groups of interest and are described below. Over the past few decades, considerable attention was focussed on the identification of pure cultures of microbes on the basis of genetic polymorphisms of DNA encoding rRNA such as ribotyping, amplified fragment length polymorphism and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA [19]. However, many of these methods require prior cultivation and are less suitable for use in analysis of complex mixed populations although important in describing cultivated microbial diversity in molecular terms. Much less attention was given to molecular characterization of complex communities. In particular, research into diversity and community structure over time has been revolutionized by the advent of molecular fingerprinting techniques for complex communities [15]. Denaturing or temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE/TGGE) methods have been successfully applied to the analysis of human [1, 6, 8, 20, 26–28], pig [22, 23], cattle [9], dog [21] and rodent [5, 25, 12] intestinal populations.
Novel Vybrant® DyeCycle ™ Stains Provide Cell Cycle Analysis in Live Cells Using Flow Cytometry with Violet, Blue, and Green Excitation.

Flow cytometric approaches can resolve cell position in the cell cycle based on DNA content, and these analyses are widely used in the study of cell growth, cell cycle regulation, and oncology. These applications require dyes that bind to DNA in a stoichiometric manner and which, with the exception of some UV-excited dyes like Hoechst 33342, require fixation, permeabilization and RNAse treatment for reproducible results. The Vybrant® DyeCycle™ stains are DNA-selective, cell membrane-permeant dyes that show greatly-enhanced fluorescence when bound to DNA. DyeCycle violet stain can be excited by a 405 nm laser, DyeCycle green stain by a 488 nm laser, and DyeCycle orange stain by either 488 nm or 532 nm lasers. (Figure 1) No fixation, permeabilization or addition of RNAse is required for stoichiometric binding of the dye to DNA. These dyes show similar performance on live Jurkat cells to Hoechst 33342 and DRAQ5: G0/G1 peak CV generally less than 6% and G2/G1 ratio greater than 1.8. The DyeCycle stains have been tested on a variety of cells: Jurkat, CHO, NIH 3T3, HL60, HEK cells, and peripheral blood leukocytes. Staining was optimized by cell type using time, temperature, cell concentration and dye concentration. The dyes can be used on cells in the presence of media components, including serum and divalent cations. Cells with damaged membranes exhibit different DyeCycle stain uptake patterns from live cells and can be excluded from analysis with spectrally-resolved viability dyes, such as SYTOX® blue and SYTOX red dyes. The DyeCycle stains have been used with antibody staining against surface antigens to evaluate the cycle profile of subpopulations. Generally, antibody conjugates with red-emitting fluorophores, such as allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin tandem fluorophores, were used because the required concentrations of the DyeCycle stains produced significant emission across fluorescein and phycoerythrin detection channels. The DyeCycle stains have also been combined with viability and apoptotic markers in testing of cells induced to apoptosis with camptothecin. DyeCycle orange stain, in particular, was found to define a sub-G0 population in late apoptotic cells. Finally, the DyeCycle stains cause some retardation of cell division, but do not demonstrate the toxicity observed with DRAQ5. The adherent cell lines, HEK and NIH 3T3, were stained with DyeCycle violet stain and DyeCycle orange stain, respectively before being were sorted under sterile conditions based on G0/G1 and G2/M population fluorescence. Sorted populations demonstrated the appropriate fluorescence when verified by reanalysis, and all sorted populations attached normally and expanded over 1 to 3 days post-sort. DyeCycle stains allow resolution of cell cycle information in viable cells against the dynamic background of cell activity using common lasers, as well as the ability to sort cells based on position in the cell cycle.
Twenty‐first century remote sensing technologies are revolutionizing the study of tropical forests

The fields of tropical biology and conservation face significant transformations due to rapid technological developments in remote sensing. Other fields (e.g. Archeology) are experiencing this momentous change even more rapidly. In this article, we review some of the challenges that the fields of tropical biology and conservation face during the first quarter of the twenty‐first century from the perspective of various remote sensing technologies, and discuss the transformations that they may bring to these disciplines. In addition, we review two emerging technologies driving paradigm changes in the nexus of ecology, remote sensing, and analytics: near‐surface remote sensing and Wireless Sensor Networks. These two technologies, arising from the eScience paradigm, offer unique opportunities to integrate field observations at hyper‐temporal and spatial resolutions that were not possible as recently as 5 years ago.
Malware Detection and Signature Generation

Now a day, the malware detection is needful to enhance the performance of the systems and omit the effect of malware to system. The conventional signature-based detection of malware did not detect a major of new variants. This paper presented a hybrid technique for automatic malware signature generation and classification. The hybrid method is named as a ANFIS-SSA approach. Using this observation, we present a hybrid method for detection of malware using the correlation between the semantics of the malware and its API calls. Here, develops a base signature for a whole malware class more than for a solitary specimen of malware. The signature can able of find out even advanced variants and unknown which related to that class. Here, demonstrates our method on some well-known malware classes and presented that any advanced variants classes is detected from the base signature.
Characterization of in vitro antioxidant potential of Azadirachta indica and Abutilon indicum by different assay methods

The free radicals are implicated for many diseases like diabetes mellitus, arthritis, cancer, etc. Hence, antioxidant therapy has gained utmost importance in the treatment of such diseases linked to free radicals. Plants are considered enduring sources for antioxidant molecules for a long time in the history of mankind. Quite a large number of research studies have been carried out across the Globe relating to the antioxidant activity of numerous plant extracts and powders Azadirachta indica (A. Juss.) and Abutilon indicum (Linn.) were two important medicinal plant used in wide range of therapy. The present study aimed at studying the in vitro antioxidant activity of flowers and leaves of A. indica and A. indicum, respectively using different assay methods. Methanol extracts of flowers and leaves of A. indica and A. indicum, respectively were obtained and studied for their in vitro antioxidant activity using different models viz. DPPH radical scavenging assay, phosphomolybdenum assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, metal chelating activity and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity. The extracts from A. indica flowers were found to scavenge the radicals (DPPH, HRSA and phosphomolybdenum), chelate metal ions and possess superoxide anion radical scavenging activity. A. indica flower extract was found to possess better antioxidant activity compared to A. indicum leaf extracts. Initial phytochemical screenings of A. indica flower extract have concluded that the antioxidant property may be related to the phenolics and flavonoids present in the extract. Thus, the present study ascertained the antioxidant potential of A. indica flower extract through various methods and found the chemical nature of the extract.
Survey of aphid species and associated parasitoids in Al-Homra, Jordan

Five aphid species were identified in Al-Homra region, Jordan. Those aphid species are: Aphis gossypii, Aphis craccivora, Aphis citricola, Myzus persicae, and Brachycaudus amygdalinus. In addition, four parasitoids of the Braconidae family were identified. These parasitoids are Aphidius colemani, Aphidius sp. , Trioxes sp. , Ephedrus persicae, and one species Pachyneuron aphidis that belongs to the Aphelinidae family and one hyperparasite belongs to the Alloxistidae family. aphids parasitoid population were found belonging to Aphidius colemani and Pachyneuron aphidis on Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae were in large number in April.
Functional analysis of the parkinsonism-associated protein FBXO7 (PARK15) in neurons

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease affecting the elderly population. It has been a challenge elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons, since much of the etiopathology of the disease remains unknown. Genetic studies of the familial PD cases have yielded a handful of Parkinson's related loci- the PARK loci, that have attributed most of the molecular knowledge we have. In this study, I investigated the role of PARK15- the FBXO7 protein in neurons at the molecular, cellular and histological level. I found that FBXO7 interacts with the microtubule associated protein 1B light chain 1 (MAP1B LC1) independently of its E3-ligase activity. Furthermore, FBXO7 is an important factor in mitochondrial maintenance and it is essential for neuronal morphogenesis. Quantitative mass spectrometry supported this data and further expanded the involvement of FBXO7 in multiple cellular mechanisms such as DNA repair and vesicular transport. Additionally, I examined the effect of knockout of Fbxo7 in the forebrain in Mus musculus, and observed a generalized brain damage without the loss of cortical neurons. Taken together, these findings further broaden our understanding of the pathological mechanisms leading to neuronal death in PD patients.
Reducing bat fatalities at wind facilities while improving the economic efficiency of operational mitigation

Concerns about cumulative population-level effects of bat fatalities at wind facilities have led to mitigation strategies to reduce turbine-related bat mortality. Operational mitigation that limits operation may reduce fatalities but also limits energy production. We incorporated both temperature and wind speed into an operational mitigation design fine-tuned to conditions when bats are most active in order to improve economic efficiency of mitigation. We conducted a 2-year study at the Sheffield Wind Facility in Sheffield, Vermont. Activity of bats is highest when winds speeds are low (< 6.0 m/s) and, in our region, when temperatures are above 9.5°C. We tested for a reduction in bat mortality when cut-in speed at treatment turbines was raised from 4.0 to 6.0 m/s whenever nightly wind speeds were < 6.0 m/s and temperatures were > 9.5°C. Mortalities at fully operational turbines were 1.52–4.45 times higher than at treatment turbines. During late spring and early fall, when overnight temperatures generally fell below 9.5°C, incorporating temperature into the operational mitigation design decreased energy losses by 18%. Energy lost from implementation of our design was < 3% for the study season and approximately 1% for the entire year. We recommend that operational mitigation be implemented during high-risk periods to minimize bat fatalities and reduce the probability of long-term population-level effects on bats.
Phylogeography of the planktonic shrimp Lucifer hanseni Nobili 1905 in the Indo-Malayan Archipelago

Using partial sequences of two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 12S ribosomal RNA (12S rRNA), and one nuclear gene, 28S ribosomal RNA (28S rRNA), we investigated population genetics of the holoplanktonic shrimp Lucifer hanseni Nobili, 1905 in the Indo-Malayan Archipelago (IMA), encompassing Andaman Sea, Malacca Strait, Gulf of Thailand, Borneo Island, Philippines (hereafter collectively referred to as the Thailand-Malaysia-Philippine area: TMP), Celebes Sea (CS), and the waters near islands in the Western Pacific (WP) including Palau, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands. The samples from the TMP showed the highest number of haplotypes. Significant phylogeographic structure was found in the L. hanseni populations (ΦST = 0.832 for COI, 0.159 for 12S rRNA, 0.783 for 28S rRNA). The total number of haplotypes was 46 in COI, 28 in 12S rRNA and 23 in 28S rRNA. The haplotype network analyses revealed two major clades for COI (subgroups: TMP + CS, WP) and for 12S rRNA and 28S rRNA (TMP, CS + WP). The CS and WP populations appeared isolated from the TMP populations. The samples from the CS showed low genetic diversity compared with the other samples at both haplotype and nucleotide levels, suggesting that the population CS experienced bottleneck events. This is the first demonstration of significant genetic structure of a holoplanktonic metazoan in IMA, which is suggested to be synergistically influenced by historical events (vicariance) and contemporary oceanographic circulations and corroborates the results of previous studies on other benthic/demersal animals with mero-planktonic phases.
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of wild oat, Avena sterilis L. (Poaceae) and its phylogeny

Abstract Wild oat, Avena sterilis L. is a stout broad-leaved annual grass resembling cultivated oats in general appearance. In this study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of A. sterilis for the first time to investigate their phylogenetic relationship in the family Poaceae. The complete cp genome sequence is 135,887 bp in length with 38.5% overall GC content and exhibits a typical quadripartite structure comprising one pair of inverted repeats (21,603 bp) separated by a small single-copy region (12,575 bp) and a large single-copy region (80,106). The cp genome encodes 111 unique genes, 76 of which are protein-coding genes, four rRNA genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 18 duplicated genes in the inverted repeat region. The phylogenetic analysis indicated A. sterilis closely clustered with the cultivated oat, A. sativa L.
Anti-diuresis in the Blood-gorging Bug, Rhodnius prolixus: The Role of CAPA Peptides

CAPA-related peptides belong to a family of neuropeptides localized to the central nervous system that can function in diverse roles in the regulation of water and salt homeostasis in insects. These peptides are known to stimulate fluid secretion by Malpighian tubules (MTs) in Dipteran species, thus serving a diuretic function. In contrast, this thesis demonstrates that members of this family of peptides in Rhodnius prolixus serve an anti-diuretic role and have multiple tissue targets, whereby they oppose the activity of diuretic hormones such as serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine hydrochloride; 5-HT). I have identified two genes each encoding three peptides in R. prolixus, suggesting this insect is capable of producing a greater number of CAPA-peptides compared to other insects that contain only a single CAPA gene. Interestingly, while the second peptide encoded in each R. prolixus gene (RhoprCAPA-α2/-β2) inhibits the stimulatory effects of serotonin on tissues such as the anterior midgut and Malpighian tubules, it appears the other CAPA-related and pyrokinin-related peptides do not play a major role in inhibiting the effects of serotonin on these tissues. More specifically, serotonin-stimulated fluid secretion by MTs and fluid absorption by the anterior midgut are reduced by the anti-diuretic peptide, RhoprCAPA-α2. In addition, I have also identified a G protein-coupled receptor which likely mediates the anti-diuretic effect associated with RhoprCAPA-α2 and have functionally characterized this receptor in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Spatial transcript expression analysis in fifth-instars reveals a wide distribution of the receptor in tissues associated with the rapid postgorging diuresis. Thus, my findings suggest that numerous tissues are regulated by the CAPA
Breeding Diet of Eurasian Kestrels Falco tinnunculus on the Oceanic Island of Tenerife

The diet of Eurasian Kestrels Falco tinnunculus during the breeding season is well documented in continental populations, but not in their island-dwelling counterparts. The subspecies F. tinnunculus canariensis is a habitat-generalist on the oceanic island of Tenerife, one of its southernmost breeding sites in the Western Palaearctic. We analysed trophic diversity and diet in its main five habitat-types by identifying 5284 prey items in regurgitated pellets from nest sites and roosting sites collected during two consecutive breeding seasons. Secondly, we analysed 2585 prey remains collected from nest sites during 19 breeding seasons. In terms of numbers, insects (mainly Orthoptera and Coleoptera) predominated in pellets: 71% in chicks and 89% in adults, with variation in taxa according to habitat. This reflects opportunistic predation of insects, with grasshoppers being the staple diet in subalpine scrub (above 2000 m a.s.l). The endemic Gallot's Lizard Gallotia galloti provided the greatest biomass in pellets (58% in chicks, 55% in adults) and comprised the most abundant source of prey remains found at nest sites (92% in terms of numbers). Chick diet showed broader trophic diversity than adults. We found high overlap in diet composition between habitats in Tenerife (71% chicks; 66% adults). Kestrels inhabiting anthropogenic environments and northern scrub showed broader trophic diversity; those inhabiting subalpine scrub showed the lowest values. Kestrels inhabiting different habitats in Tenerife showed broad trophic diversity which suggests opportunistic and flexible foraging strategies, as expected of a generalist species. Regardless of habitat, trophic diversity showed high overlap in adult diet composition not only between the Canary Islands (87%), but also between insular and continental reference populations, especially the Iberian Peninsula (81%). Thus, the generalist habits of the Eurasian Kestrel seem to predominate over any expected ecological adaptations associated with island populations.
Actin enhances ER-mitochondrial calcium transfer and IMM constriction during mitochondrial division

Mitochondrial division requires division of both the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes (IMM and OMM, respectively). Interaction with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) promotes OMM division by recruitment of the dynamin Drp1, but effects on IMM division are not well characterized. We previously showed that actin polymerization through the ER-bound formin INF2 stimulates Drp1 recruitment in mammalian cells. Here, we show that INF2-mediated actin polymerization stimulates a second mitochondrial response independent of Drp1: a rise in mitochondrial matrix calcium through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. ER stores supply the increased mitochondrial calcium, and the role of actin is to increase ER-mitochondria contact. Myosin IIA is also required for this mitochondrial calcium increase. Elevated mitochondrial calcium in turn activates IMM constriction in a Drp1-independent manner. IMM constriction requires electron transport chain activity. IMM division precedes OMM division. These results demonstrate that actin polymerization independently stimulates the dynamics of both membranes during mitochondrial division: IMM through increased matrix calcium, and OMM through Drp1 recruitment.
Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Four Lamiaceae Species Cultivated in Barnyard Manure

The present study was conducted to determine essential oil yields, essential oil compositions, total phenolics, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of organic manure-treated medicinal plants of Salvia officinalis L. (sage), Lavandula angustifolia L. (lavender), Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) and Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (origano). Essential oil yields of investigated medicinal plants varied between 0.06±0.01%-3.43±0.06%. The 1,8-cineol (15.285±0.003%), viridiflorol (12.095±0.003%) and cis-thujone (12.200±0.003%) were the major essential oil components in S. officinalis L. Linalool (22.400±0.003%) 1,8-cineol (8.215±0.003%), linalyl acetate (7.900±0.003%) and lavadulyl acetate (7.690±0.003%) were the major components in L. angustifolia L. Citronellal (14.515±0.003%), geranial (13.050±0.003%) and β-caryophyllene (12.385±0.003%) were the major components in M. officinalis L. and carvacrol (65.080±0.003%) was the major component in O. vulgare ssp. hirtum. The highest total phenolics content and antioxidant activity were observed in M. officinalis. The best antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 bacteria was observed in O. vulgare ssp. hirtum.
Passive acoustic monitoring of calling activity provides an optimised field survey methodology for the threatened pouched frog, Assa darlingtoni

This project examined various methods for detection of the threatened pouched frog, Assa darlingtoni in south-east Queensland. By utilising automatic sound recording devices the project has provided valuable information on the calling behaviour of the species that will greatly aid in developing effective monitoring programs for this species and contribute to its conservation in the future.