Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hyaluronic Acid Temporalis Fascia Graft Myringoplasty Versus Temporalis Fascia Graft Myringoplasty

The aim of the work: Improving the healing rate in tympanoplasty type 1. Objectives: To Evaluate the efficacy of Esterified Hyaluronic acid in the closure of central tympanic membrane perforation when added to a temporalis fascia and to compare its success rate in term of healing and hearing, with the of the superficial temporalis fascia grafts when used alone in the closure of central tympanic membrane perforations. Material and methods: A prospective non-randomized controlled trial at ENT department, Al-Zahraa University hospital (Tertiary care university hospital) between Oct. 2013 and Oct. 2015. Adult patients presented with small central TMP were operated under general anesthesia. The healed drum was considered when the complete closure was achieved. The patients were assessed by pure tone audiometry and tympanogram pre and postoperatively. Results: Twenty-two patients classified into group A (Hyaluronic acid temporalis fascia graft myringoplasty) and group B (temporalis fascia graft myringoplasty) (11 patients in each group) were included in the study. Healing occurred in 81.82% in group A, vs 72.73% in group B (p=0.61). Conclusion: the Esterified Hyaluronic acid that can be used to improve healing of tympanic membrane perforation. There is a statistically significant difference in the results of tympanic membrane healing and air-bone conduction gap; pre & post-operatively after using Esterified Hyaluronic acid.
Avaliação da efetividade e segurança da vitamina C, superóxido dismutase e pentoxifilina no tratamento da retinopatia diabética: revisão sistemática usando a metodologia da Colaboração Cochrane

Background There is increasing evidence that diabetic retinopathy is caused by the action of free radicals. Radical scavengers like vitamin C and superoxide dismutase (SOD) may influence the outcome and progression of diabetic retinopathy, but no systematic review of the literature has been published to examine this hypothesis. Objectives The aim of the current research was to review the literature in a standard systematic way in order to assess the effects of vitamin C and superoxide dismutase on diabetic retinopathy in methodologically robust trials. Search strategy We tried to obtain studies from computerised searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library. Selection criteria
The Impact of Tacit Knowledge Transfer Through Storytelling on Nurses’ Clinical Decision Making

Background: Clinical Decision Making (CDM) is the foremost aspect of caring for patients. Storytelling can enhance skills such as judging, and problem-solving among people, especially in clinical education environments. Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating the impact of tacit knowledge transfer through storytelling on CDM by nurses. Methods: The current quasi-experimental study was conducted on 61 nurses. The participants were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. An eight-hour storytelling session was held for the experimental group, but not for the control group. The assessment tool was the Jenkins’ CDM in nursing scale. Results: The mean scores of CDM pre-intervention were 146.80 ± 12.68 and 138.42 ± 12.64 in the experimental and control groups, respectively (P = 0.012). The mean scores of CDM post-intervention were 163.43 ± 18.45 and 139.10 ± 11.78 for the experimental and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001). The gain scores were 28.74 ± 38.90 and 0.78 ± 3.84 in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The obtained results showed that the transfer of knowledge and experiences through storytelling significantly enhanced CDM score.
Piglets milk intake during nursing in sows treated with oxytocin

Milk ejection occurs in response to release of the hormone oxytocin from the pitui-tary, and this hormone is also used as treatment of milk stasis in sows in the Swe-dish piglet production. Today, there are few reports on the effect of oxytocin injec-tion on sow milk let down, piglet and sow nursing behaviour or piglet milk intake. Therefore this study aims to investigate piglet’s milk intake in connection to oxyto-cin treatment on sows in Swedish commercial piglet producing herds. The weigh-suckle-weigh method was used to asses piglet milk intake in one nursing were the sow were treated with oxytocin, the subsequent nursing after the oxytocin treatment nursing in the same sow and one nursing in a healthy control sow. Statistical anal-yses were performed on the variables; weight of the litter, weight spread within litter, weight change during nursing, spread in weight change within litter and per-cent of weight changes of live weight. In the next step of the statistical analyses, the sows treated with oxytocin were divided into two groups; sows without udder symptom and sows with udder symptom. Due to the small size of this pilot study, only numerical differences could be found. Differences of relevance were found in the variable spread in weight change within litter between sows treated with oxyto-cin and sows without treatment. Numerical differences were observed in all of the analysed variables between sows with- and without udder symptoms indicating that intramuscular oxytocin injection have a positive effect on sows with apparent udder symptoms. The experiences from this study indicate that the weigh-suckle-weigh method is more relevant in more controlled studies in e.g. research herd, with an equal environment and there consideration about fecal, urine, metabolic or heat losses can be taken. However, under commercial conditions, recordings about sow response to the oxytocin injection can be achieved by observation of the nursing performance in connection to the injection.
Contaminant Iron in Water and Soil Samples and in Vitro Availability Studies

The iron content from 24 well water samples in tropical southern Nigeria ranged from 0.05 to 3.1 μg per millitre. Iron extracted from soil samples in deionized water, 0.1 M NaOH, 0.1 N HCI, and 0.1 N HCl-ascorbic acid averaged 79. 7, 146.3, 809.8, and 1,268.1 μg of iron per 100 g of soil sample respecfively. Extraction of iron from the soil samples was significantly affected (p < .05) by the addition of ascorbic acid. The dialysable iron in some meals containing contaminant iron from the samples compared favourably with a standard meal with ferric chloride. Dialysable iron was influenced significantly (p<.05) by the components in the meals. Meat and ascorbic acid enhanced the dialysability of contaminant iron sources in both the semi-synthetic meals and some tropical food items. The contribution of these contaminant iron sources to the diet of Nigerians in relation to the high frequency of iron-deficiency anaemia is discussed.
PHYSIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF ELITE WOMEN WATER POLO PLAYERS

The present investigation aimed to determine the physiological profile of the best female water polo players in Serbia, with the purpose to use the obtained results as a guideline in the process of selection and planning of the sports form development. The parameters which should show physiological adaptation to specific kind and type of training were followed during preparatory period before the 2006 European Championship. Twelve water polo players (mean+/-SD: age 23.8+/-3.1 years, height 173.2+/-3.9 cm, body mass 65.7+/-7.4 kg, fat mass 17.8+/-5.3) of the Serbian women’s national water polo team participated in the investigation. The results of our investigation show great anaerobic capacity and muscular strength of upper body (mean+/-SD: peak power 8.05 +/-0.8 W.kg, mean power 6.5+/-0.4 W.kg, very high aerobic endurance (mean+/-SD: VO2(max) 46.52+/-7.0 mL O2 (minkg) on arm ergometer, VO2 (max) 61.8+/-11.9 mL O2 (minkg on leg ergometer)) and high values of lung function parameters. The great strength of the upper body and pronounced aerobic endurance of the whole organism are dominant characteristics of elite female water polo players. Along with a relatively pronounced body height, and a low percentage of the fat tissue, these female athletes are very well predisposed for adaptation on great physical demands over the whole match. Acta Medica Medianae 2007;46(4):48-51.
A review of current indicators of welfare in captive elephants (Loxodonta africana and Elephas maximus)

Concerns over elephant welfare in UK zoos have implications for their future in captivity. To monitor improvements made to elephant welfare in UK zoos, non-invasive, valid and reliable indicators of welfare are needed. Using a rapid review strategy and critical appraisal tool, we aimed to appraise evidence from peer-reviewed literature on potential welfare indicators for captive elephants. Scopus, Web of Knowledge and Ovid were searched in January 2014 using terms relevant to captive elephants and welfare assessment. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and remaining articles were critically appraised against a specially designed welfare indicator appraisal tool. Thirty-seven unique indicators of welfare were extracted from 30 peer-reviewed papers which met the inclusion criteria. Behavioural measures of welfare (n = 21) were more common than either physical (n = 11) or physiological (n = 5) measures. Stereotypies were the most frequently used behavioural measure, glucocorticoids were the most frequently used physiological measure and body condition scores were the most frequently used physical measure. There was most support for the following indicators of improved welfare state: reduced stereotypies, reduced glucocorticoids and improved body condition scores. Additional measures which require further validation but had strong associations with the most supported measures, and thus have potential use in welfare assessment, were: increased lying rest and positive social interactions. Further validation of the described measures is needed, but this information forms a crucial part of the knowledge required to efficiently monitor and improve the welfare of elephants in captivity.
SOP Individuelle Dosierung und Applikation von Antiinfektiva auf der Intensivstation

Es ist in der aktuellen Literatur sicher belegt, dass eine adäquate und vor allem zeitgerechte antiinfektive Therapie die Sterblichkeit von Intensivpatienten mit schweren lebensbedrohlichen Infektionen signifikant reduziert [1]. Weniger Informationen und robuste wissenschaftliche Daten liegen zur Bedeutung einer angemessenen Dosierung von Antibiotika vor [2]. Hier scheint es nicht nur darum zu gehen, eine mögliche Unterdosierung zu vermeiden, sondern auch darum, potenzielle toxische Effekte eines breiten Spektrums unterschiedlicher antiinfektiver Substanzen zu verhindern. Diese SOP hat nicht die Indikationsstellung verschiedener antiinfektiver Substanzen zum Gegenstand, sondern die adäquate Dosierung.
Role Of Habitual Risk Factors On Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common oral malignancy. Betel quid, betel quid with tobacco, smoking, alcohol consumption, mechanical irritation, genetic are the most important risk factors for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of the study was to determine the role of habitual risk factors inOral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study for the determination of the risk factors of OSCC over 2 years period of January 2011 to December 2012. Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Dhaka Dental College Hospital, Dhaka,National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital (NICRH), Mohakhali, Dhaka and Health and Hope Hospital, Dhaka from January 2011 to December 2012 Results:250 patients, comprising 44% male and 56% female were included in the study. Overall mean age was 55.94±10.93 years. The patients of OSCChavemost common habit of betel quid with tobacco 124(49.6%), then betel quid with tobacco and smoking 49(19.6%), betel quid with tobacco and Gul 19(7.6%), only smoking 13(5.2%), Betel quid without tobacco and smoking 13(5.2%), betel quid without tobacco 12(5.2%), betel quid with tobacco and catechu (Khoir) 4(1.6%), betel quid with tobac- co, smoking and gul 3(1.2%), betel quid without tobacco,smoking and alcohol 2(0.8%), betel quid without tobacco and gul 2(0.8%), betel quid without tobacco, smoking and gul 1(0.4%), betel nut chewing 1(0.4%), mechanical irritation but no habit 5(2.0%) and no habitual history 2(0.8%). Conclusion: According to this study betel quid, betel quid with tobacco, gul, smoking are the important risk factors in OSCC.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2018; 8 (1): 29-35
EFFECT OF ERGOT ALKALOIDS ON BOVINE FOREGUT VASCULATURE, NUTRIENT ABSORPTION, AND EPITHELIAL BARRIER FUNCTION

OF DISSERTATION EFFECT OF ERGOT ALKALOIDS ON BOVINE FOREGUT VASCULATURE, NUTRIENT ABSORPTION, AND EPITHELIAL BARRIER FUNCTION Ergot alkaloids present in endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue are thought to be the causative agent of fescue toxicosis, a syndrome affecting cattle in the eastern United States. Many of the observed signs of fescue toxicosis are thought to be attributed to peripheral vasoconstriction; however, there are data indicating that ergot alkaloids can alter blood flow to the gut. An experiment was conducted using right ruminal artery and vein collected from heifers shortly after slaughter. Vessels were mounted in a multimyograph to determine the vasoconstrictive potentials of ergot alkaloids present in E+ tall fescue. Results indicated ergot alkaloids have the potential to induce vasoconstriction of foregut vasculature. A second experiment was conducted to determine if the additional ergot alkaloids present in E+ tall fescue increase the vasoconstrictive response above that of ergovaline. Results indicated that ergovaline is the main alkaloid responsible for vasoconstriction in bovine vessels. A third study was performed to determine the effect of ergot alkaloids on ruminal epithelial blood flow in the washed rumen of steers exposed to E+ or endophyte-free (E-) tall fescue seed. Steers were dosed with seed followed by a washed rumen experiment with differing levels of ergovaline incubated in the rumen. Results indicated that E+ tall fescue seed treatment reduced ruminal epithelial blood flow. Additionally, incubating ergovaline in the rumen during the washed rumen further decreased epithelial blood flow and volatile fatty acid (VFA) absorption. A final study was conducted to determine the acute effects of ergot alkaloids on isolated rumen epithelial absorptive and barrier functions and the potential for ruminal ergovaline absorption. Results indicate that acute exposure to ergot alkaloids does not alter the absorptive or barrier function of rumen epithelium and ergovaline is absorbed from the rumen. Data from this series of experiments have shown that ergot alkaloids from E+ tall fescue can induce vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the foregut of cattle, reduce blood flow to the rumen epithelium, and decrease VFA absorption. The decrease in nutrient absorption could contribute to the observed symptoms of fescue toxicosis, including depressed growth rates and general unthriftiness.
Transposon activity and control in the Drosophila melanogaster germline

In animals a discrete class of small RNAs, the piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), guard germ cell genomes against the activity of mobile genetic elements. piRNAs are generated, via an unknown mechanism, from apparently single-stranded precursors that arise from discrete genomic loci, termed piRNA clusters. Presently, little is known about the signals that distinguish a locus as a source of piRNAs. It is also unknown how individual piRNAs are selected from long precursor transcripts. To address these questions, we inserted new artificial sequence information into piRNA clusters and introduced these marked clusters as transgenes into heterologous genomic positions in mice and flies. Profiling of piRNA from transgenic animals demonstrated that artificial sequences were incorporated into the piRNA repertoire. Transgenic piRNA clusters are functional in non-native genomic contexts in both mice and flies, indicating that the signals that define piRNA generative loci must lie within the clusters themselves rather than being implicit in their genomic position. Comparison of transgenic animals that carry insertions of the same artificial sequence into different ectopic piRNA-generating loci showed that both local and long-range sequence environments inform the generation of individual piRNAs from precursor transcripts.
Anti-hyperlipidaemic effects of fresh and cured Bhallataka Kshaudra ( Semecarpus anacardium L.) in animals

Bhallataka Phala (fruit of Semecarpus anacardium L.), is a well-known anti-hyperlipidaemic drug. Bhallataka is described in all Ayurvedic classics as Rasayana and advocated for various therapeutic purposes such as Kushtha (skin diseases), Arsha (piles), Krimi (worm infestations), Prameha (urine disorders) , Medodosha (lipid disorders) , etc. Though its anti-hyperlipidaemic activity has been studied; actual differentiation in their therapeutic efficacy due to storage period has yet not been attempted on experimental animals. This prompted to initiate a comparative anti-hyperlipidemic activity of fixed oil (expressed oil) i.e. non-volatile in nature collected from fresh Bhallataka and four months old (cured) Bhallataka samples against cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidaemia in rats. Hyperlipidemia was induced by oral administration of cholesterol (20 % suspension in coconut oil, 5 mL/kg) in morning hours and hydrogenated vegetable oil (5 mL/kg) in evening. The effect of drugs was assessed on body weight, serum biochemical and histological parameters. Both drugs produced significant attenuation of the relative weight of liver in cholesterol-fed animals. Cured sample of Bhallataka provided better effect in lowering serum cholesterol (21.98 %), triglyceride (60.23 %), VLDL (56.82 %); while fresh sample of Bhallataka also found to be effective in lowering serum cholesterol (20.69 %), serum triglyceride (45.59 %), VLDL (46.59 %) in comparison to control group . From the result of the present study, it is concluded that the cured sample of Bhallataka has pronounced anti-hyperlipidemic effect than the fresh sample in experimentally-induced hyperlipidemia in rats.
Behavioural aspects of the New Zealand octopus Pinnoctopus cordiformis: acclimation, sleep deprivation and responses to video stimuli

The native New Zealand octopus P. cordiformis is a relatively unstudied member of the cephalopod class. Behavioural investigation will widen the breadth of our knowledge about octopus behaviour away from the handful of classically studied species. Here I test the acclimation patterns of P. cordiformis in an experimental environment, using video recording to document and analyse behaviour over a three-day period. I also test P. cordiformis following acclimation, examining the role of sleep in mediating behaviour, and test for the presence of homeostatic regulation on behaviour following sleep deprivation. Finally I examine the responses of P. cordiformis to video playback, testing the way in which motion and shape mediate predatory behaviour in P. cordiformis, and risk assessment in response to a sympatric predator (Arctocephalus forsteri). Pinnoctopus cordiformis responded well to acclimation, with little if any change in behaviour over the three day acclimation period, and minimal indication of stress (e.g., only one case of food rejection, and no changes in groom rates). Acclimation was not influenced by sex differences, or by differences in body weight or limb condition. Pinnoctopus cordiformis did not appear to possess homeostatic regulation of sleep behaviour following sleep deprivation, indicating that the variability in sleep and rest patterns seen in aquatic mammals and elsewhere also exists between octopuses of different species. Video playback of prey stimuli elicited context-relevant responses including changes in luring, peering and alertness as well as appearance characteristics, and this response was mediated by both prey motion and shape. Predator playback elicited semi-realistic responses including adjustments in alertness, flinching activity, and strong adjustments in rates of ventilation caused by behavioural freezing, as well as an alternate fight-flight response depending on video realism.
The Effect of Heat Stress on Blood Picture of Japanese Quail

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of heat stress on quail hematological parameters. A total number of 300 Japanese quail chicks (Coturnix Coturnix japonica) of 28 days old were exposed to different levels of raising temperatures (22, 29, 34, 36 and 40 oC) for 15 days. At 42 days old, blood samples were collected from 14 birds (7 males + 7 females) that were randomly selected. The samples were used for determining red blood cells count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, total and differential white blood cells count, heterophils/ lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. The obtained results indicated that, rearing quail birds under high environmental conditions during fattening period has a great adverse effect on these blood parameters.
Fecal Calprotectin Level of Breast Milk-Formula vs Formula Feeding in Preterm and Low Birth Weight Neonates with Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NE) is inflammatory disease and its prevalence was increase in preterm and low birth weight (LBW) neonates. This study was aimed to investigate the differences of fecal calprotectin level in breast milk-formula vs formula feeding infants in preterm and low birth weight neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis. There are 32 preterm and LBW neonates with NE were divided into two group (breast milk-formula and formula only feeding group). Fecal calprotectin level was measured using ELISA method. This study showed that fecal calprotectin level in breast milk-formula feeding group was insignificantly lower as compared to formula feeding group (independent t-test, p = 0.503). Further analysis showed that fecal calprotectin level was negatively correlated with patient’s outcome (Spearman correlation test, p = 0.03, r = 0.512). We concluded that fecal calprotectin level in breast milk-formula feeding group was insignificantly lower as compared to formula feeding only group in preterm and low birth weight neonates diagnosed with necrotizing enterocolitis. There was negative correlation between fecal calprotectin level and patient’s outcome.
Bacterial class A acid phosphatases as versatile tools in organic synthesis

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