Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ferrozine---a new spectrophotometric reagent for iron

-N=C&N-, have been known to react as bidentate ligands with certain metal ions such as ferrous, cuprous, and cobaltous, to give colored complex species (1-6). This effect was first noticed with the ferrous ion ( I ) , and since this complex of a given compound is generally of a more intense color than are those with other ions (7), the atomic configuration in question was given the trivial name of the ferroin group. During the last century, hundreds of compounds containing the ferroin group have been synthesized (7), the majority of which demonstrate the ability to form complexes with the ferrous ion. Most of these complexes are only weakly colored, are unstable under normal physical conditions, or are formed over a very narrow pH range. A few of these compounds, however, form stable, intensely colored species with the ferrous ion and are, therefore, suitable for the quantitative determination of iron (8). Examples of compounds which have found acceptance for such use are 1,lOphenanthroline (9), 4,7-diphenyl-l,lO-phenanthroline (IO), 2,2‘-bipyridine (I]), 2,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-pyridine (11). 2,4,6tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (12), and phenyl 2-pyridyl ketoxime (13, 14). Many of these reagents are the product of difficult and tedious organic syntheses and, hence, are high in cost (14). Although for even the most expensive of these reagents, the cost of a single manual analysis is fairly low, when one considers automated continuous instrumental analysis, a lowcost yet highly sensitive reagent would be desirable, since the cost of maintaining such an analytical instrument with I
The development of the Braun Oral-B Ultra Plaque Remover: an in vitro robot study.

PURPOSE To assess the efficacy of a new brush head design and brushing action using a novel robot system which simulates normal clinical toothbrush use. The system allows developments in toothbrush design to be assessed prior to embarking on expensive and time consuming clinical trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using this system, the efficacy of a new brush head design combined with a modified brushing speed, was compared with the clinically established Braun Oral-B Plaque Remover (D7 handle and EB5 brush head). RESULTS A combination of a new brush head (EB9) with longer tufts of bristles designed to improve interdental penetration, and an increased frequency of bristle movement (63Hz, 3,800 strokes per minute - D9 handle) was associated with significantly greater removal of artificial plaque. Visual observation of typodonts suggested that this increased efficacy is related to greater removal of plaque from interdental surfaces and occlusal fissures. These results suggest that the D9/EB9 prototype electric toothbrush is suitable for further investigation and clinical evaluation.
An on-line extreme learning machine with adaptive architecture for soft sensor design

Soft Sensors (SSs) have been widely investigated and employed as inferential sensing systems for providing on-line estimations of industrial processes' variables. However, industrial processes suffer from different complex characteristics (e.g. time-variance and non-linearity), being very difficult for the SS models to perform well over time. This paper proposes a SS model using an on-line Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) with Directional Forgetting Factor (DFF) which is able to provide on-line estimations of variables in industrial processes. The main contribution is that the proposed ELM model has the ability of adapting its architecture over time. For this purpose, it is used the Bordering Method and the Reverse Bordering Method. Experiments demonstrate the performance of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art methods.
Hippocampal Chemical Anatomy in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients with Hippocampal or Extrahippocampal Epilepsy

We determined whether age or seizure types were associated with hippocampal neuron loss, mossy fiber (MF) and GABAergic synaptic reorganizations or postsynaptic receptor densities. Children and adolescents were grouped into: (1) nonhippocampal sclerosis (non-HS; n = 11) and (2) hippocampal sclerosis (HS; n = 11). The most important results showed that: (1) regardless of the etiology of the seizures, there were greater cell losses in Ammon’s horn with older ages in years; in the non-HS group, cell losses were greater with the older ages or with longer epilepsy durations; however, in the HS patients, the cell losses were not related to the patients’ ages or epilepsy durations; (2) in both HS and non-HS, CA1 had greater cell losses than CA4; (3) in HS, CA1 and CA4 had greater cell losses than those in non-HS; (4) in non-HS, MF sprouting was greater with ages or with longer epilepsy durations; by contrast, in HS, MF sprouting was not related to the patients’ age or epilepsy duration; (5) densities for AMPA GluR1, GABA-Aβ and for GABA axonal terminals were positively increased with age. These findings support the hypothesis that hippocampal cell losses and aberrant synaptic reorganizations are greater in the hippocampi of adolescents than in children, even for non-HS pathologies.
A joint scheme for turbo coding and multilevel space-time modulation in rapid Rayleigh fading channels

Unitary space-time modulation (USTM) loses its advantages when Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is low and the channel changes very rapidly. In this condition, the information should be carried by the amplitudes of the carrier. In this paper, we propose a simple non-coherent multilevel space-time modulation (MSTM) scheme, combine it with turbo coding, and derive the corresponding decoding algorithm. Simulation results verify that it can greatly improve the system performance. We also analyze the convergence characteristics of the proposed scheme by extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart.
Visual tracking of a moving object via the soft cosine measure

In this paper, we propose a Local Soft Similarity based on Soft Cosine Measure (L3SCM) and then we incorporate it into visual tracking framework. Firstly, we present the soft cosine measure that measures the soft similarity between two vectors of features by taking into consideration similarities of pairs of features. Secondly, we apply this soft similarity in the observation model component of the proposed tracker to measure the local similarities between the template of the tracked target and the sampled candidates. Finally, in order to improve the robustness of the proposed tracker, we integrate a simple scheme to update the target template throughout the tracking process. Experimental results on several challenging image sequences illustrate that the proposed method performs better against several state-of-the-art trackers.
Threshold Vacuum Switch (TVS) on 3D-stackable and 4F2 cross-point bipolar and unipolar resistive random access memory

A 3D stackable and bidirectional Threshold Vacuum Switching (TVS) selector using the same WOx material as the RRAM element is reported. It provides the highest reported current density of >108 A/cm2 and the highest selectivity of >105. Stress test at high current density indicates >108 cycle capability for Reset/Set operation. A mechanism based on recombination of oxygen-ions and vacancies is proposed for the observed volatile switching of TVS. Utilizing the threshold characteristics of the TVS selector, a two-step reading waveform offers potential for 3D-stackable and 4F2 cross-point RRAM applications.
Differential staining of aborted and nonaborted pollen.

A single staining solution was made by compounding it in the following order (dyes were from British Drug Houses): ethanol, 10 ml; 1% malachite green in 95% ethanol, 1 ml; distilled water, 50 ml; glycerol 25 ml; phenol, 5 gm; chloral hydrate, 5 gm; acid fuchsin 1% in water, 5 ml; orange G, 1% in water 0.5 ml; and glacial acetic acid, 1–4 ml. For best results in differentiation to give green pollen walls and red protoplasm, the staining solution should be acidified with glacial acetic acid. The amount of acid to be added depends upon thickness of the pollen walls: for very thin-walled pollen, 1 ml; for moderately thin walls, 2 ml; and for thick-walled or spiny-walled pollen, 3 ml of acid. For pollen inside non-dehiscent anthers, 4 ml of acid should be used. Staining is hastened by flaming the slide (for loose thin-walled pollen) or by immersing thick-walled pollen or anthers for 24–48 hr at 50 C. In the typical stain, aborted pollen grains are green; nonaborted, red. The method is useful for pollen inside .
WSN Localization Using RSS in Three-Dimensional Space—A Geometric Method With Closed-Form Solution

Proposed in this paper is a wireless sensor network source localization algorithm in the three-dimensional space. By using the measurements of the received signal strength (RSS), two closed-form none-ambiguous estimators are proposed to geometrically locate the source position under the shadowing noise in the wireless channel. The dynamic adjustment scheme has been applied in the localization algorithm to combat the measurements error in the ranging. With multiple measurements of the RSS, a lower bound of the source localization error is also derived. The numerical simulations show that the proposed estimators outperform the conventional least squares estimator, especially under the adverse scenario when the reference sensor nodes are close to be coplanar. Comparing with the maximum likelihood estimator that approaches the localization lower bound, the proposed estimators result in significantly lower computational burden, but without showing much degradation of localization accuracy.
Experiences of psychosis in borderline personality disorder: A qualitative analysis

Background. From clinical work and research it is clear that people suffering from borderline personality disorder (BPD) often complain of psychotic symptoms including hallucinations, yet little is known about how service users experience these symptoms. Aims. The aim of this study was to examine the experience of psychotic symptoms in people with BPD and to establish how mental health professionals responded to reports of psychotic symptoms. Method. Seven semi-structured interviews were carried out with service users with BPD who had been known to present with psychotic symptoms. In parallel, medical case notes of these service users were analysed. Results were subjected to qualitative analysis using techniques of grounded theory. Results. Psychotic symptoms were often long standing and interfered with physical and emotional functioning. There were no clear distinctions from psychotic symptoms described by patients suffering from schizophrenia. Treating doctors had no common language to describe these symptoms. Furthermore, the language that was used had the implication that the symptoms were not real or true and could therefore be perceived as pejorative. Conclusions. It is suggested that the diagnostic category of BPD requires revision to include psychotic symptoms. Terminology such as pseudo- and quasi-psychotic symptoms are confusing and use of these terms should be revised.
Establishing rigour in qualitative research: the decision trail. 1993.

The aim of this paper is to show the way in which the decision trail of a qualitative research process can be maintained. It is argued that the trustworthiness (rigour) of a study may be established if the reader is able to audit the events, influences and actions of the researcher. The actual study containing the recording of this decision trail aimed to express the concerns of older patients who were admitted to the acute care sector. The study took place in two care of the elderly wards in a 1000-bed National Health Service hospital in the UK, in 1991. Eventually, 14 patients were interviewed, each on several occasions, and their concerns are expressed in themes, namely: routine geriatric style of care, depersonalization, care deprivation and geriatric segregation. I describe the preparations that were undertaken before patient interviews could commence. The literature recording the process of the interviewer's experience as data in qualitative research is scarce. I show the researcher's participation in making the data as part of an existential phenomenological research process. Existential phenomenology relies on recording influences while generating data such as significant literature, media reports, my value position and journal data.
The possibilities of passive UHF RFID textile tags as comfortable wearable sweat rate sensors

Sweat rate measurements can be used for healthcare purposes as well as for helping in exercising. In this paper, the suitability of passive UHF (ultra high frequency) RFID (radiofrequency identification) technology for sweat rate sensing is investigated. The technology has a great potential in wearable, comfortable, and wireless sweat sensing systems, although it is not originally used for sensing purposes. Two types of textile sensing tag prototypes are presented, their performance is evaluated by wireless measurements, and the prospects and concerns of these are discussed in this paper. The achieved results indicate high potential of textile RFID tags in perspiration sensing.
Functional neuroimaging in child psychiatry

Functional neuroimaging in child psychiatry presents unique scientific, ethical, and technical challenges. The study of childhood disorders presupposes knowledge of neurodevelopment and brain maturation. However, much of human brain science is based on inferences from animal work and indirect neurochemical measures from body fluids. Neuroimaging can examine brain development directly in humans. The benefits can be enormous for learning how and when to intervene to prevent or treat a disorder. These unprecedented potential gains are countered by complex and difficult ethical issues. Technical advances can reduce ethical concerns by minimizing risks. They also promise to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of the measures (eg, by improving spatial and temporal resolution). Judiciously designed investigations will permit the testing of a priori hypotheses built on rational models of neuropathology. Finally, it is the integration of scientific knowledge across the various fields of neuroscience and clinical research that will push the limits of our understanding of health and disease.
Characteristics of Arcs Between Porous Carbon Electrodes

Arcs between carbon electrodes present some specific differences compared with metallic arcs. The arc voltage is higher, but does not attain a stable value displaying large fluctuations. Indeed, the arcs are produced by the direct sublimation of the electrodes, without passing through a molten phase. The arc production is also facilitated by both circuit breaking and electric field breakdown. In this paper, arcing has been examined under various conditions (voltage, current, and opening or fixed interelectrode gap) and particular attention has been given to the ability of the system to sustain the arc due to reignition. Small-angle X-ray scattering has been used to examine the formation of particles within carbon arcs and again the results are different from what is found with metallic electrodes, the particles being larger with rougher surfaces. The ultimate aim of this paper was to gain new knowledge concerning these arcs and their consequences for electrical safety (arc faults in wires).
Early pregnancy Pregnancies conceived using assisted reproductive technologies ( ART ) have low levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A ( PAPPA ) leading to a high rate of false-positive results in first trimester screening for Down syndrome

D.J. Amor1,2,3,4,8, J.X. Xu1,2, J.L. Halliday1,2, I. Francis3, D.L. Healy5,6, S. Breheny5,6, H.W. G. Baker4,7, and A.M. Jaques1 Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Melbourne IVF, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Monash IVF, Richmond, Victoria, Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
High-quality and high-performance full-text document retrieval: the Parallel InfoGuide System

Describes the InfoGuide full-text document retrieval system, developed at the Philips Research Laboratories. InfoGuide combines high retrieval quality with high retrieval performance. The high quality is due to the use of the vector-space retrieval model, and the high performance originates from the implementation on the parallel POOMA machine. Implementation aspects as well as evaluation figures are presented, and it is concluded that a 200-term query can be matched against 1,500,000 documents within 3 seconds. <<ETX>>
The impact of powder diffraction on the structural characterization of organic crystalline materials

The bulk properties of organic crystalline materials depend on their molecular and crystal structures but, as many of these materials cannot be prepared in a suitable form for conventional single–crystal diffraction studies, structural characterization and rationalization of these properties must be obtained from powder diffraction data. The recent development of direct–space structure solution methods has enabled the study of a wide range of organic materials using powder diffraction data, many of structural complexity only made tractable by these advances in methodology. These direct–space methods are based on a number of global optimization techniques including Monte Carlo, simulated annealing, genetic algorithm and differential evolution approaches. In this article, the implementation and relative efficiency and reliability of these methods are discussed, and their impact on the structural study of organic materials is illustrated by examples of polymorphic systems, pharmaceutical, pigment and polypeptide structures and compounds used in the study of intermolecular networks.
Microvascular obstruction after percutaneous coronary intervention

Successful revascularization of the epicardial coronary artery can be achieved in over 90% of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures. However, postprocedural microvascular obstruction, despite the presence of normal epicardial flow, remains an important limitation which substantially reduces the beneficial effects of PCI. In this review article, a number of different methods available to diagnose microvascular obstruction after PCI are outlined. We also discussed the various pharmacological and mechanical strategies to reduce the occurrence of microvascular obstruction. In this regard, pretreatment with antiplatelet therapy remains crucial. In urgent PCI for acute myocardial infarction, available data suggest that manual thrombus aspiration device is beneficial in reducing the occurrence of procedure‐related microvascular obstruction and possibly improve long‐term clinical outcomes. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ion beam mixing and interdiffusion in magnetite thin films

Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry was applied to investigate the stability of magnetite thin films including an ion beam bombardment. A series of single layer Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/MgO(001) and bi-layer Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Fe/MgO(001) thin films with different layer thickness was prepared by the Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) technique. To modify the film interfaces 1 MeV Kr<sup>+</sup> ion beam with different ion fluences was used. We observed a pronounced Fe-Mg intermixing effect of the ion irradiation. The stoichiometric magnetite layer is well preserved even upon ion irradiation with small doses, which indicates a high stability of the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> layer under different external conditions.
Characterization of Polymeric Microcapsules Containing a Low Molecular Weight Peptide for Controlled Release

Abstract A need exists to prolong the release of rapidly metabolized peptides of a low molecular weight, while delivering this peptide without environmental interference. Previous studies have used bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model peptide to study release characteristics from alginate microcapsules. BSA is 66 kDa in size, while the peptide of interest here, connexin-43 carboxyl-terminus mimetic peptide (αCT1), is only 3.4 kDa. Such a change in size results in a much different set of release parameters. Our overall goal is a sustained release over a 24+ h period. Prolonged application of the peptide to a wound site to investigate therapeutic effects is ideal. As a result, a diffusion method using alginate microcapsules, along with the addition of poly-l-lysine and poly-l-ornithine, has been explored. We first aimed to establish and characterize our parameters through a set of parametric tests. Variations in polymer coating, change in pH, and changes in loading ratio have previously been shown to effect release using model compounds. Here we test specific changes in these parameters to show effects on the release of αCT1. Additionally, the microcapsules were attached to several biomaterials and surgical implants by ultraviolet cross-linking to study the effectiveness of attachment and delivery. Analysis and measurements using phase contrast microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize changes in microcapsule morphology.
The ergonomics of hypertext narative: usability testing as a tool for evaluation and redesign

While usability research concentrates on evaluating informational documents and Web sites, significant insights can be gained from performingusability testing on texts designed for pleasure reading, such as hypertext narratives. This article describes the results of such a test. The results demonstrate that the navigation systems required for such texts can significantly interfere with readers ability to derive value or pleasure from the fiction. The results emphasize the importance of hypertext authors providing more linear paths through texts and of simplifying the navigational apparatus required to read them.
A reconfigurable cascaded multi-stepped split ring resonator inspired bandpass filter for L-band applications

The paper presents a reconfigurable design of microwave bandpass filter inspired by two cascaded multi-stepped split ring resonators. The structure has an overall dimension of 32 mm × 20 mm, designed on RO4350B substrate of relative permittivity (εr = 3.6) and height 0.762 mm. A varactor diode connected between the two split ring resonators provides a change in structure electrical length required for the coarse tuning of frequency response. The designed filter offers frequency response between 2.8 GHz to 3.6 GHz depending on the reverse bias voltage of the diode.
Capillary electrophoresis method for the analysis of inorganic anions, organic acids, amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates and other anionic compounds

A previously developed capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method with indirect UV detection for the simultaneous determination of inorganic and organic anions, amino acids and carbohydrates using 20 mM 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDC) as the background electrolyte was extended to allow determination of 206 anions including those above – mentioned and physiological amino acids, nucleotides, aromatic acids, haloacetic acids, alcohols, phosphorylated saccharides, oxyhalides, metal oxoacids, metal‐ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) complexes, forensic anions, Good's buffers and herbicides. Every compound could be analyzed and their electrophoretic mobility determined simply by selecting detection wavelength. This method is simple and universal for anion analysis, and could be readily applied to the simultaneous determination of anionic compounds. In this work, it was used to identify and quantify important anions in sea urchin and sake.