Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of the Cytotoxic Activity of Haarlem Oil on Different Cell Lines and a Higher Organism,Steinernema feltiae

Haarlem oil (HO) is a semisynthetic product made by combining terpene oil and sulfur atoms at high temperatures. HO contains organosulfur compounds; these compounds are known to have strong antioxidant properties, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). This study provides a brief overview of the effects of HO cytotoxicity on several cell lines using several cytotoxicity test methods. The crystal violet (CV) staining assay showed that HO had a strong toxic effect on the A549 cell line. The test results of the trypan blue and celltiter-Glo assay methods showed that HO has a strong cytotoxic effect on HL-60 cells. The results of the MTT and XTT assays indicated that HO produced a fairly strong toxic effect on HL-60 cells and U937 cells. A hoechst staining assay showed that HO was able to increase (induce) apoptotic cell levels and reduce mitotic cell levels after 24 hours of incubation. However, in this study, we were not able to detect any effect of HO on activation and inhibition of the K562 cell line through the NF- κ B pathway. Meanwhile, the live and dead assay showed that HO tends to cause apoptosis. The nematicidal assay showed that HO showed moderate activity against Steinernema feltiae .
Isolation, Identification and Enzymatic Activity of Halotolerant and Halophilic Fungi from the Great Sebkha of Oran in Northwestern of Algeria

Abstract The Great Sebkha of Oran is a closed depression located in northwestern of Algeria. Despite the ranking of this sebkha among the wetlands of global importance by Ramsar Convention in 2002, no studies on the fungal community in this area have been carried out. In our study, samples were collected from two different regions. The first region is characterized by halophilic vegetation and cereal crops and the second by a total absence of vegetation. The isolated strains were identified morphologically then by molecular analysis. The biotechnological interest of the strains was evaluated by testing their ability to grow at different concentration of NaCl and to produce extracellular enzymes (i.e., lipase, amylase, protease, and cellulase) on solid medium. The results showed that the soil of sebkha is alkaline, with the exception of the soil of cereal crops that is neutral, and extremely saline. In this work, the species Gymnoascus halophilus, Trichoderma gamsii, the two phytopathogenic fungi, Fusarium brachygibbosum and Penicillium allii, and the teleomorphic form of P. longicatenatum observed for the first time in this species, were isolated for the first time in Algeria. The halotolerance test revealed that the majority of the isolated are halotolerant. Wallemia sp. and two strains of G. halophilus are the only obligate halophilic strains. All strains are capable to secrete at least one of the four tested enzymes. The most interesting species presenting the highest enzymatic index were Aspergillus sp. strain A4, Chaetomium sp. strain H1, P. vinaceum, G. halophilus, Wallemia sp. and Ustilago cynodontis.
Distinct gene expression patterns in vector-residing Leishmania infantum identify parasite stage-enriched markers

Promastigotes of Leishmania infantum undergo a series of extracellular developmental stages inside the natural sand fly vector Lutzomyia longipalpis to reach the infectious stage, the metacyclic promastigote. There is limited information regarding the expression profile of L. infantum developmental stages inside the sand fly vector, and molecular markers that can distinguish the different parasite stages are lacking. We performed RNAseq on unaltered midguts of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis after infection with L. infantum parasites. RNAseq was carried out at various time points throughout parasite development. Principal component analysis mapped the sequences corresponding to the procyclic, nectomonad, leptomonad or metacyclic promastigote stage into distinct positions, with the procyclic stage being the most divergent population. Transcriptional levels across genes varied on average between 10- to 100-fold. Comparison between procyclic and nectomonad promastigotes resulted in 836 differentially expressed (DE) genes; between nectomonad and leptomonad promastigotes in 113 DE genes; and between leptomonad and metacyclic promastigotes in 302 DE genes. Most of the DE genes do not overlap across stages, highlighting the uniqueness of each stage. Furthermore, the different stages of Leishmania parasites exhibited specific transcriptional enrichment across chromosomes. Using the transcriptional signatures exhibited by distinct Leishmania stages during their development in the sand fly midgut, we determined the genes predominantly enriched in each stage, identifying multiple stage-specific markers for L. Infantum. Leading stage-specific marker candidates include genes encoding a zinc transporter in procyclics, a beta-fructofuranidase in nectomonads, a surface antigen-like protein in leptomonads, and an amastin-like surface protein in metacyclics. Overall, these findings demonstrate the transcriptional plasticity of the Leishmania parasite inside the sand fly vector and provide a repertoire of stage-specific markers for further development as molecular tools for epidemiological studies.
An adaptive technique for high resolution time-varying spectral estimation

An adaptive technique which determines the spectral coefficients of a time-varying signal is presented. The algorithm performs a least-squares decomposition of the signal onto a high-resolution nonharmonic Fourier basis. The spectral estimate is updated sample by sample and produces a decomposition with very good localization in both the time and frequency domains. This yields a distribution of signal intensities in the time-frequency plane which tracks the instantaneous frequency and local bandwidth of the signal. The detection of tones spaced closer than expected by the uncertainty distance (super-resolution) is shown by computer simulation. Numerical results demonstrate the super-resolving capability and fast tracking rate as well as the stability in the presence of additive noise. Potential applications of this method include tracking of frequency hopping communications, FM demodulation, and formant tracking in speech signals. <<ETX>>
Selective Activation of TASK-3-containing K+ Channels Reveals Their Therapeutic Potentials in Analgesia

The paucity of selective agonists for TASK-3, a member of two-pore domain K+ (K2P) channels, has contributed to our limited understanding of its biological functions. By targeting a novel druggable transmembrane cavity using a structure-based drug design approach, we discovered a biguanide compound, CHET3, as a highly selective allosteric activator for TASK-3-containing K2P channels, including TASK-3 homomer and TASK-3/TASK-1 heteromer. CHET3 displayed unexpectedly potent analgesic effects in vivo in a variety of acute and chronic pain models in rodents that could be abolished by pharmacology or genetic ablation of TASK-3. We further found that TASK-3-containing channels anatomically define a unique subset population of small-sized, TRPM8, TRPV1 or tyrosine hydroxylase-positive nociceptive sensory neurons and functionally regulate their membrane excitability, supporting CHET3 analgesia in thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia under chronic pain. Overall, our proof-of-concept study reveals TASK-3-containing K2P channels as a novel druggable target for treating pain. One Sentence Summary Identification of a novel drug target and its new hit compounds for developing new-generation non-opioid analgesics.
Temporal Profile of Transporter mRNA Expression in the Brain after Traumatic Brain Injury in Developing Rats

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death in children and young adults; however, new pharmacologic approaches have failed to improve outcomes in clinical trials. Transporter proteins are central to the maintenance of homeostasis within the neurovascular unit, and regulate drug penetration into the brain. Our objective was to measure transporter temporal changes in expression in the hippocampus and cortex after experimental TBI in developing rats. We also evaluated the expression of transporters in brain, liver, and kidney across the age spectrum in both pediatric and adult rats. Eighty post-natal day (PND)-17 rats and four adult rats were randomized to receive controlled cortical impact (CCI), sham surgery, or no surgery. mRNA transcript counts for 27 ATP-binding cassette and solute carrier transporters were measured in the hippocampus, cortex, choroid plexus, liver, and kidney at 3h, 12h, 24h, 72h, 7d, and 14d post injury. After TBI, the expression of many transporters (Abcc2, Slc15a2, Slco1a2) decreased significantly in the first 24 hours, with a return to baseline over 7-14 days. Some transporters (Abcc4, Abab1a/b, Slc22a4) showed a delayed increase in expression. Baseline expression of transporters was of a similar order of magnitude in brain tissues relative to liver and kidney. Findings suggest that transporter-regulated processes may be impaired in the brain early after TBI and are potentially involved in the recovery of the neurovascular unit. Our data also suggest that transport-dependent processes in the brain are of similar importance as those seen in organs involved in drug metabolism and excretion. Significance Statement Baseline transporter mRNA expression in the central nervous system is of similar magnitude as liver and kidney, and experimental traumatic brain injury is associated with acute decrease in expression of several transporters, while others show delayed increase or decrease in expression. Pharmacotherapy following traumatic brain injury should consider potential pharmacokinetic changes associated with transporter expression.
Associations of alleles of microsatellite markers with agronomical traits of modern bread winter wheat varieties in Southern Ukraine

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important and widely grown food crop in many countries, and therefore the main task of breeding programs all over the world is to increase grain yield (GYLD) of wheat. Basic components of wheat yield include such breeding traits as ear number per plant, grain number per ear and grain weight [1]. Grain size and (or) weight is the target for breeding not merely as a component of grain yield, but also because of its impact on flour yield and protein content, that also affect milling and baking quality [2]. Some other agronomic traits, including anthesis date, plant height (PH) and grain volume weight, also have an effect on GYLD [3]. The efforts of breeders to increase yield are of great significance as they have to feed the expanding mass of human population taking into account the constantly changing market requirements. Such efforts focused on the selection of deUDC 577.2:631[633.111:664.64. 016.8] http://dx.doi. org/10.21498/2518-1017.3(32). 2016.75973.
Novel polymorphisms in the PLIN2 gene of Nellore cattle

Genetic variations in genes involved in lipid storage, which also may interfere with important phenotypic traits such as intramuscular fat deposition in cattle, can represent useful markers in marker assisted selection programs. An important candidate gene is perilipin 2 (PLIN2) that plays a role in the capture of long chain fatty acids and in the formation and stabilization of lipid droplets in different tissues including muscle. As reported by our group, PLIN2 expression level was associated with trans-eQTL (expression quantitative loci distant of gene associated) at chr3: 87, 253, 086 in Nellore cattle, where animals with different genotypes showed different expression level of PLIN2 among the 193 animals and the co-expression analysis detected correlation with intramuscular fat, palmitoleic, oleic and linoleic acids. Then, the objective of this study was to identify and characterize polymorphisms present in the PLIN2 gene of Nellore cattle. To date, there is not much information on mutations in the PLIN2 gene in Bos indicus animals. A total of 134 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the genomic region of PLIN2 gene and five of those are novel with a moderate impact. These SNPs may change the protein effectiveness and, after further association studies and functional validation, could be used as genomic markers in animal breeding program.
Genome-wide survey of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 reveals a role for the glyoxylate pathway and extracellular proteases in the limited utilization of mucin

Chronic airway infections by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa are major cause of mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. While this bacterium has been extensively studied for its virulence mechanisms, biofilm growth and immune evasion within the CF airways, comparatively little is known about the nutrient sources that sustain its growth in vivo. Respiratory mucins represent a potentially abundant bioavailable nutrient source, though we have recently shown that canonical pathogens inefficiently use these host glycoproteins as a growth substrate. Yet, given that P. aeruginosa, particularly in its biofilm mode of growth is thought to grow slowly in vivo, the inefficient use of mucin glycoproteins may have relevance to its persistence within the CF airways. To this end, here we use whole genome fitness analysis combining transposon mutagenesis with high throughput sequencing (TnSeq) to identify genetic determinants required for P. aeruginosa growth using intact purified mucins as a sole carbon source. Our analysis reveals a biphasic growth phenotype, during which the glyoxylate pathway and amino acid biosynthetic machinery are required for mucin utilization. Secondary analyses confirmed the simultaneous liberation and consumption of acetate during mucin degradation and revealed a central role for the extracellular proteases LasB and AprA. Together, these studies identified the P. aeruginosa genes required for mucin-based nutrient acquisition and reveal a host-pathogen dynamic that may contribute to its persistence within the CF airways.
Contextualization from the Bibliographic Structure

Relevance scoring and estimation deals with both finding the relevant set of answers and ordering them according to the degree of their relevance to the user-intent. The traditional information retrieval (IR) systems successfully find and order the relevant documents and leave them to the users, who then have to locate the relevant information embedded somewhere within the document. In contrast, estimating relevance in semi-structured retrieval means not only retrieving and ordering the relevant documents but also locating the relevant information within the document as well. When it comes to semi-structured retrieval, the traditional IR style retrieval is simply insufficient. The main focus of this thesis is estimating relevance in a schema-agnostic environment. Here, “schema-agnostic” means that the schema or the structure exists explicitly within the documents but the user does not or need not know that schema. In such an environment, the structure is generally defined loosely, which means: (a) it can evolve over time, (b) it can constitute a large part of the data, and (c) it might exist seamlessly within the document. The natural question that comes into mind is, why is such a structure there at all? The structure in a schemaagnostic environment is there to be used by retrieval systems for several useful tasks. This thesis is about unveiling the capabilities of the structural constructs within semi-structured documents in schema-agnostic settings. Structural constructs can form what we call the structural context of the relevant item. A structural context builds up the internal and external contextual features of a semi-structured document. These contextual features help with a series of tasks. The work presented in this thesis contributes towards understanding and utilizing the contextual features in the retrieval of focused information in schema-agnostic settings. During the course of this study we have identified, implemented and experimented with several intuitive types of contextual features in semi-structured retrieval settings. Contextualization is the generic process of utilizing features in the structural context of the retrievable units in relevance scoring. The proposed retrieval approaches, based mainly on contextual features, exhibited notable improvements in retrieval effectiveness, during empirical analyses. The evaluations and empirical analyses are performed in several tasks, spread across different phases of this study. The tasks are performed by looking at different aspects and challenges of the semi-structured retrieval domain. The following tasks are performed at different phases of this study: ad-hoc tasks, granulation tasks, and standard tasks offered by INitiative for the Evaluation of Xml retrieval (INEX). The contributions of this thesis are also grouped by these tasks.
A CELL-CULTURING SYSTEM FOR THE STUDY OF INTERACTION BETWEEN MACROPHAGES INFECTED WITH Leishmania amazonensis

The cell culture insert system is a culturing system for the study of contact-independent cellular communication. Leishmaniasis is a neglect tropical disease with no vaccines and the availabledrugs present toxic side effects. Studies on Leishmania interaction with host macrophages aim to develop strategies for parasite control and drug development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of interaction between non-infected and L. amazonensis-infected human macrophages, by using the cell culture system. The results showed that the infection index was reduced by 56.2% as compared to controls only when infected macrophages were inserted on both sides of the Transwell membranes. An improvement in macrophage viability was also observed in this cell culture. The levels of interleukin-1β, an inflammatory cytokine, and nitric oxide, a microbicidal molecule, did not increase in L. amazonensis-infected macrophagecultures in the Transwell system; thus other soluble factors were responsible for parasite control.
Standardisation and Evaluation of Foxtail Millet Based Malt Mix

Foxtail millet has been consumed similar to rice from times immemorial and many products like soups, vermicelli, pasta and malt mixes were done in recent times to increase the nutrient content of various food products. Due to climate changes, millet usage is increasing nowadays as they require less irrigation and can grow in arid and semi-arid region to achieve nutrition security. The present research was carried out at Post Graduate & Research Centre, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad using malted foxtail millet to increase the carbohydrates, energy, vitamin C, bioavailability of protein and other nutrients. Malt mix were prepared from germinated malt foxtail millet, roasted bengal gram and milk powder in five different formulations. Sensory evaluation was done using 9-point hedonic scale for selection of best accepted and it was found that germinated foxtail to roasted bengal gram dal in the ratio of 2:1 was best accepted. This malt mix along with control germinated foxtail was further analysed for proximate composition and vitamin C content. The selected composite’s moisture, ash, fat, protein and crude fibre content were higher for test foxtail millet mix whereas carbohydrates, energy and vitamin C were high for control foxtail millet mix. The lower carbohydrate and energy content as well as higher protein and crude fiber level in the test foxtail millet mix makes it an ideal supplementary food with dense nutrients for children between 1 – 3 years of age. The development of malt mix was carried out for a period of six month including the period of standardization of germination conditions for foxtail millet.
Nouvelles recherches de zymologie médicale

1842 « Sporotrichum sp. » Gruby 1842, p. 634. 1853 « Oidium Link 1809 » Ch. Robin 1853, p. 488. 1866 « Stemphylium Wallroth 1833 » Hallier 1866, p. 86. 1868 Syringospora Quinquaud 1868, p. 290. 1877 « Saccharomyces Meyen 1837 » Reess 1877, p. 190. « Mycoderma Persoon 1822 » Grawitz, 1877, p. 209. 1885 Monilia Plaut 1885, non Bonorden. 1890 « Dematium Persoon 1797 » Laurent 1890, p. 14. 1896 « Empusa Cohn 1855 » Heim 1896. 1898 « Endomyces Reess 1870 » Vuillemin 1898, p. 630 et 1899, p. 43. 1901 « Cryptococcus Kützing 1833 » Vuillemin 1901, p. 752. 1909 Parendomyces Queyrat et Laroche 1909, p. 111. Parasaccharomyces de Beurmann et Gougerot 1909, p. 502. Zymonema de Beurmann et Gougerot 1909, p. 503. (Pour ces trois genres, voir plus haut p. 173-178). 1910 Pseudomonilia Geiger 1910, p. 97. Trichosporum Du Bois 1910, p. 447. 1916 Pseudomycoderma Will 1916, p. 278. Mycotorula Will 1916, p. 226. 1911 Enantioihamnus Pinoy 1911, p. 592 (in Brault et Masselot 1911, p. 592). (Voir plus loin : Remarques critiques). « Monitia Gmelin 1791 » Vuillemin 1911, p. 137 (groupe Ginelin). 1924 Blastodendrion Ota 1924, p. 216. Myceloblastanon Ota 1924, p. 216.
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of multidrug-resistant salmonella in a tertiary care hospital

This is a prospective laboratory based observational study on genotypic and phenotypic characterization of multidrug resistant salmonella conducted over a period of 1 year in a tertiary care hospital. About 2280 blood samples from patients suffering from PUO and suspected cases of enteric fever were received from various departments like medicine, paediatrics, septic labour ward, clean labour ward and general surgical ward. The main goal of the study was to identify resistance patterns as well as the mechanisms contributing to resistance in salmonella. Enteric fever due to S.Typhi was seen to be 4 times more than S.paratyphi A. 144 samples were positive for Salmonella Typhi among 2280 samples. Out of which, 16 isolates showed multidrug resistant & from these, 10 drug resistant plasmids were detected. By transformation process, plasmids were transformed into E.coli. Antimicrobial testing confirmed multi drug resistance in these 10 transformed E.coli (100%). These results confirm that plasmids are responsible for drug resistance in all the strains of MDR Salmonella. It is by careful selection of appropriate antibiotics according to antimicrobial testing will avoid the emergence of MDR Salmonella in the future.
Descriptions of known vocalisations of the Night Parrot Pezoporus occidentalis

Until recently, the only descriptions of Night Parrot Pezoporus occidentalis vocalisations were anecdotal reports from observers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The 2013 discovery of an extant population of Night Parrots in western Queensland led to the first contemporary descriptions, and further calls were described following the 2017 discovery of Night Parrots at a site in central Western Australia. Ongoing field studies have shown that the species has a complex repertoire and, although there are some similarities in vocalisations between sites, there is much spatial and temporal variation. It is likely that call recognition will be the primary means of detection for this cryptic species, underscoring the importance of cataloguing vocalisations across the species’ range. Accordingly, we describe all known vocalisations from the three sites where Night Parrots are known to occur.