Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The recent history of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici in Denmark as revealed by disease incidence and AFLP markers

Disease observations and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to study recent developments in the Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici population in Denmark. The fungus appeared spontaneously at 10 locations in Denmark in 1997 after it was not observed under natural conditions in 1996. The pattern of disease development and prevailing winds suggested that the fungus reappeared by airborne spores from the south or west. In 1998, disease incidence was more evenly distributed throughout the country. Forty-eight single lesion isolates were collected from most crops where the disease was observed in these years; all except one from 1997 belonged to two pathotypes that were not previously detected in the country, and both possessed the newly discovered Yr17 virulence. The isolates were characterized with AFLP markers together with 28 isolates representing eight of 13 pathotypes observed prior to 1996. Initial screening of 240 PstI/MseI AFLP primer combinations on four isolates showed that a primer combination, on average, revealed 0·4 polymorphisms between any isolate pair. A selection of 21 primer combinations resulted in 28 AFLP markers, which revealed 16 AFLP phenotypes among all 76 isolates. The two Yr17-virulent pathotypes consisted of three AFLP phenotypes, which were observed in both 1997 and 1998; the two most frequent AFLP phenotypes occurred at most sampling locations and often within the same crop. AFLP diversity was larger among samples collected prior to 1996, and also in this period most AFLP phenotypes were observed at different sampling locations. These results are consistent with the features of an entirely asexually reproducing pathogen dispersed by aerial spores across large areas.
An Empirical Study of Job Involvement and Personality Traits

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation of five factor model of personality and job involvement among employees of IT sector in Chandigarh. A sample of 120 employees was drawn by using a simple random sampling technique. Questionnaires were distributed to all the employees drawn. Among them, 90 were valid samples, a valid return rate of 75%. The questionnaire had two instruments which measured the participant’s job involvement and five personality dimensions. To measure job involvement Lodahl and Kejner (1965) scale was used. Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) was used to measure five dimensions of personality – Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The empirical results of the study showed that (i) the personality types of openness to experience, extraversion and conscientiousness had significant positive relationships with their job involvement (ii) neuroticism had significant negative association with job involvement (iii) insignificant relationship was reported between agreeableness and job involvement.
Sistemas de inseminação artificial em dois dias com observação de estro ou em tempo fixo para vacas de corte amamentando

O objetivo do presente experimento foi investigar se a realizacao exclusiva da inseminacao artificial em tempo fixo (IATF), empregando como indutor da ovulacao o benzoato de estradiol (BE), proporciona taxas de prenhez semelhantes a uma associacao de IA convencional e IATF com GnRH, em vacas de corte no pos-parto. Duzentos e cinquenta vacas amamentado receberam um pessario vaginal contendo 250mg de acetato de medroxi-progesterona (MAP) e uma injecao intramuscular (IM) de 5mg de BE no dia 0. O pessario vaginal permaneceu por sete dias. No dia 6, foram aplicadas 400UI de gonadotrofina corionica equina por via IM e 5mg de analogo de prostaglandina na submucosa vulvar, realizando nesse momento o desmame por 96h. Apos a retirada dos pessarios (dia 7), as vacas foram distribuidas em dois grupos. No grupo BioRep (n=150), as femeas foram observadas duas vezes por dia para deteccao de estro por 48h e inseminadas 12h apos sua manifestacao. Os animais que nao manifestaram estro nesse periodo receberam uma injecao IM de 100mg de GnRH, sendo submetidas a IATF, 16 a 18h apos. No grupo BE (n=100), as vacas receberam uma injecao de 1mg de BE IM no dia 8 e foram inseminadas em tempo fixo no dia 9. A porcentagem de prenhez no grupo BioRep (54,7%) foi maior (P<0,01) do que no grupo BE (33,3%). Em vaca amamentando, a observacao de estro por dois dias associada a IATF, utilizando GnRH para induzir a ovulacao, proporcionou taxas de prenhez superiores ao uso exclusivo de IATF com BE.
Wild boar (Sus scrofa) damages to mountain grassland. A case study in the Belluno province, eastern Italian Alps

Abstract Five alpine pastures (34±14ha) of the Belluno province, patchily damaged by wild boar, were chosen to investigate on main environmental parameters that might influence the rooting sites selection. Eighty damage sites were examined. For each damage surrounding type of grassland and distance from woodland were recorded and mapped using a G.I. S. software. Proportional availability (% of total pasture surface) of grassland types (rough grass, rich grass, degraded, shrubs and trees) and classes of distance from woodland (<30m, 30-60m, 60-120m, >120m), and the respective use (% of total damage events) were estimated and compared with Chi-square test. A selection index was calculated as use/availability and Bonferroni confidence intervals (95%) were used to test significance. Degraded pastures and areas closer to woodland blocks were preferred. A vegetational analysis inside and outside the damaged areas showed a reduction in frequency of species producing bulbs and rhizomes, and in Poaceae as respect to other families of lower forage value. Future studies should investigate the role of different root forms, and invertebrate richness, on rooting site selection. Longer term studies are also needed to better define the evolution of pasture botanical composition of damaged areas.
Qualidade da carne de suínos mestiços comerciais e sem raça definida criados em regime intensivo

The research was carried out to determine the effect of intensive farming on undefined breed (UDB) swine of both sexes on meat quality compared to commercial animals. In the experiment ten females and ten castrated males from undefined breed swine and ten commercial crossbred swine were used. The variables analyzed in the experiment were carcass measures and physical and chemical analysis of the loin cuts. The comparison between measurements of subcutaneous fat area and loin eye area can be used as indication of the relative fat and meat. Effect of sex in the undefined breed swine was seen, where females had higher rates of tissue, proximate composition and cooking weight loss. The main fat depot in male undefined breed animals was subcutaneous, found in the cut of the loin. The results of this study have demonstrated that there is an important difference between fat deposition between commercial crossbred pigs and UDB, however maintaining acceptable levels of nutritional chemical composition of the flesh of the UDB. However, it should be considered the costs of production and marketing through the study of economic activity and the use of different slaughter ages.
Discussion of Variance Analysis:the Single Factor Variance Analysis

In this paper,the principle and importance of variance analysis are discussed.The variance analysis includes decomposition of general variance into each component part and analyzing and making conclusions by the use of test of significance approach.The single factor variance analysis is explained in detail.Several questions raised by students are also answered including how to judge whether there is a difference among the average values using different methods and which average value is more reliable when a researcher determines the components or parameters of a specimen using different methods.
Electrotransfection of Propionibacterium freudenreichii TL 110

The first highly efficient protocol is described for the electrotransfection of Propionibacterium freudenreichii with DNA phage. The transfection efficiency is 7 times 105 transfectants per μg of DNA under optimal conditions. Optimized parameters included the field strength (12.5 kV, 200 Ohms, 25 μF), phage DNA concentration (1 μg ml‐1) and cell density (1.5 times 1010 cells ml‐1). Growth in the presence of glycine and harvesting of cells during the early exponential growth phase increased the transfection efficiency. This electrotransfection protocol is of importance for the genetic improvement of dairy propionibacteria.
Growth responses of Marquillo × Kenya Farmer wheat dwarf 1 and 2 to gibberellic acid, kinetin, and indolebutyric acid under controlled environmental conditions

A "grass-clump" dwarf wheat, Marquillo × Kenya Farmer 2 was grown in growth cabinets under continuous light or a 16-h photoperiod and a temperature regime of 8 h 21 °C and 16 h 16 °C. Plants were treated singly or with combinations of gibberellic acid (GA), indolebutyric acid, and kinetin. Indolebutyric acid and kinetin had no effect on plant height or development and did not alter the response to gibberellic acid. Gibberellic acid treatment increased culm height and induced plants to flower earlier but suppressed final yields of shoot and seed. Continuous light decreased plant height, time to ear emergence, and tiller number but did not alter shoot or seed yields.Marquillo × Kenya Farmer wheat dwarf 2 and Marquillo × Kenya Farmer wheat dwarf 1 were grown in growth cabinets under continuous illumination at various combinations of soil and air temperature. Plants were treated with gibberellic acid at 2-day intervals. The primary low temperature lesion in the grass dwarfs appears to affect early vegetative .
The Effect of Clinical Nurses' Communication Competency and Emotional Intelligence on Organizational Performance

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of clinical nurses’ communication competency and emotional intelligence on organizational performance. Methods: Two hundred and fifty nurses who currently work at two superior general hospitals in Seoul, Korea, participated in the study. Data were collected between March and April, 2015. Global Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale (GICC-15) developed by Hur (2003) was used to measure communication competency. Wong & Law’s emotional intelligence scale (WLEIS) developed by Wong & Law (2002) was used to measure emotional intelligence. Organizational performance scale developed by Brewer & Selden (2000) was used to measure organizational performance. Results: The results were summarized as follows: 1) The means of communication competency, emotional intelligence and organizational performance were 3.61, 4.84, and 3.59 respectively. 2) There were positive correlations between communication competency, emotional intelligence and organizational performance. 3) The variance of organizational performance accounted for was 26.0% (adj R=.26). Conclusion: These findings suggest that developing human resources in nursing is important for better organizational performance.
CHEMICAL AMENDMENT AND PHYTOSTABILIZATION OF AN INDUSTRIAL RESIDUE CONTAMINATED WITH Zn AND Cd

A fitoestabilizacao de solos contaminados com metais pesados e considerada uma boa alternativa para reduzir a erosao e dispersao de contaminantes no ambiente. Foi conduzido um experimento em casa-de-vegetacao com o objetivo de avaliar a contencao quimica (silicato de calcio e lodo do biodigestor de uma cervejaria) e a fitorremediacao pela Brachiaria decumbens, de um residuo industrial contaminado com Zn e Cd, utilizando vasos de 30 L. Os tratamentos foram: residuo industrial (testemunha); residuo industrial + 20% lodo; residuo industrial + silicato de calcio (2%; 3%); (residuo industrial + 20% lodo) + silicato de calcio (2,5%; 4%). Apos estabilizacao do pH, foram cultivados nos tratamentos plantas de B. decumbens, visando avaliar o potencial de tolerância a elevadas concentracoes de Zn e Cd presentes no residuo industrial. No plantio e colheita das plantas foram retiradas amostras dos diferentes tratamentos para determinacao do pH e extracoes simples com agua, nitrato de sodio, acido acetico e DTPA. A partir das concentracoes de Zn e Cd obtidas nas extracoes, foram estimadas, atraves das diferencas nas quantidades extraiveis, as concentracoes de Zn e Cd nas provaveis formas quimicas. A adicao de residuos industriais, alcalino e orgânico, provocou reducao nas percentagens de Zn e Cd nas fracoes soluvel e trocavel, e predominância dos mesmos em fracoes quimicas mais estaveis como complexados e precipitados. A B. decumbens apresentou tolerância ao Zn e Cd presentes no residuo industrial apos tratamento de contencao quimica.
Protein-Kinase A and Human Disease: The Core of cAMP-Dependent Signaling in Health and Disease

This report summarizes several aspects of protein kinase A (PKA) signaling and its involvement in health and disease. It follows the discovery that PRKAR1A, the gene that codes for the relatively abundant regulatory subunit type 1A of protein kinase A, is the tumor suppressor gene responsible for the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome known as "Carney complex. " Although cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent signaling has already been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of other genetic conditions predisposing to tumor development, this is the first time that PKA itself was directly involved in tumorigenesis and, perhaps, carcinogenesis in an inherited disease.
TaPht1;4, a high-affinity phosphate transporter gene in wheat (Triticum aestivum), plays an important role in plant phosphate acquisition under phosphorus deprivation.

An expressed sequence tag (EST) highly similar to BdPT1-4, a phosphate transporter (PT) gene in Brachypodium distachyon, was obtained in a wheat root cDNA subtractive suppression library containing genes that respond to low-phosphate (Pi) stress. The DNA sequence covering this EST (designated as TaPht1;4) was determined based on screening a wheat DNA library. TaPht1;4 consists of two exons and one intron and encodes a 555 amino acid (aa) polypeptide with a molecular weight of 60.85kDa and an isoelectric point of 7.60. TaPht1;4 contains 12 conserved membrane-spanning domains similar to previously reported PTs in diverse plant species. Yeast complement analysis in low-Pi medium confirmed that TaPht1;4 confers the capacity to uptake Pi to MB192, a yeast strain with a defective high-affinity PT; with an apparent Km of 35. 3μM. The TaPht1;4 transcripts were specifically detected in the root and were highly induced under Pi deficiency. TaPht1;4 was also expressed following a diurnal pattern, i.e. high levels during daytime and low levels during night-time. TaPht1;4 overexpression and downregulation dramatically altered the plant phenotypic features under low-Pi conditions. Samples that overexpressed TaPht1;4 had significantly improved growth traits and accumulated more Pi than the wild-type plant and those with downregulated TaPht1;4 expression. Therefore, TaPht1;4 is a high-affinity PT gene that plays a critical role in wheat Pi acquisition under Pi deprivation.
Diving and blood oxygen in the white whale

White whales trained to dive on command in the open ocean remained submerged as long as 15 min 50 s and dove as deep as 647 m. Other than records of sperm whales entangled in deep sea cables, this is the deepest measured dive of any marine mammal. This whale's blood volume and estimated oxygen-carrying capacity are similar to those of Weddell seals and some other marine mammals known to be deep divers.
Rat β-glucuronidase as a reporter protein for the analysis of the plant secretory pathway

Abstract E. coliβ-glucuronidase, a cytosolic enzyme, was found not to be a good reporter enzyme for secretion studies in plants. In this study, we chose to test and adapt an animal β-glucuronidase as a better reporter protein for the secretory pathway of plants. We modified rat β-glucuronidase to obtain secreted and vacuolar variants. Five different C-termini were produced: the original C-terminus of the rat enzyme, a 19 codon deletion (Δ19), a 15 codon deletion (Δ15) and fusions of the Δ19 or Δ15 termini with the last 6 or 7 codons of the vacuolar sorting determinant of tobacco chitinase A, respectively. The signal sequence of the rat β-glucuronidase polypeptide was replaced by the sequence encoding the signal peptide of tobacco chitinase A. In a transient expression system, the best enzymatic activity was found with β-glucuronidase having the 15 codons deletion, therefore Δ15 (secRGUS) and Δ15 + Chi (RGUS-Chi) were further evaluated and their efficiency of secretion or vacuolar targeting were tested under different conditions. To determine the correct targeting of reporter genes, we compared the localization of β-glucuronidase and of an endogenous marker, α-mannosidase. Treating cells with drugs that specifically affect different aspects of the secretory pathway also tested the validity of RGUS-based reporters. A non-specific inhibitor such as cytochalasin D and a wide range inhibitor such as BFA were compared with specific inhibitors such as wortmannin and bafilomycin A1. Finally, monensin and NH4Cl were used to evaluate the role of vacuolar pH in correct RGUS-Chi targeting. The two new reporter proteins proved to be good tools for our studies in the transient expression system in tobacco protoplasts and for further applications.
Analyses of Transgenic Mice that Have Human CD98 Heavy Chain Gene

Summary Transgenic (Tg) mice, which carry human CD98 heavy chain (hCD98HC) gene, were made for the ﬁrst time. Biochemical analyses of total protein, albumin, cholesterol, glutamic-ox-aloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the sera were carried out. The expression of hCD98HC and murine CD98HC (mCD98HC) mRNA, and the tissue distribution of hCD98HC and mCD98HC were determined. The values of total protein, albumin, cholesterol, GOT, GPT and ALP of Tg mice were about the same as those of normal mice. The mCD98HC mRNA was highly expressed in all the tissues of normal mice examined except for skeletal muscle, where it was expressed rather slightly. hCD98HC mRNA of Tg mice was detected on cDNA prepared using oligo-dT primer, and the mRNA was clearly found in brain, kidney, skin, spleen, stomach, testis and thymus. However the mRNA was rather slight in liver, skeletal muscle and intestine, and almost nothing in heart. Immunoﬂuorescence study of murine tissue sections using monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against mCD98HC revealed that mCD98HC was clearly expressed in renal proximal tubules of kidney, follicular epitherium and keratinocyte of skin, and interstitial space including Leydig cell of testis. However, hCD98HC in Tg mice, determined by immunostaining using hCD98HC mAb, was not detected in any of the tissues examined.
Studying the biokinetics of pigmented yeast by stochastic methods

A country that owns high-performance computing facilities and mathematical modeling algorithms is able to provide its competitiveness in all the sectors of economy. The application of mathematical modeling is environmentally safe and cost effective and increases the technical and general culture of production. First of all, this concerns the development of new technologies. That is why the creation of new products in both the pharmaceutical and food industries is already impossible without the use of mathematical modeling. Today this is a necessity, the fulfilment of which has already been specified in relevant technical regulations. The simultaneous use of both mathematical methods and experiment provides not only the reduction of time, energy, and financial expenditures, but also the acquisition of additional information and the establishment of a direction of studies. This considerably reduces the time between the generation of an idea and its implementation in the form of a product. The technologies of the use of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase for the achievement of certain objectives in medicine, biotechnology, agriculture, and food industry have been developed by now. The insufficient application of algorithmic and mathematical approaches by researchers for development and analysis can be considered as a factor limiting the active use of biotechnological methods in the production of this enzyme. The description of microbial biosynthesis mechanisms by classical mathematical methods encounter some difficulties due to the combined effect of numerous chemical, physical, biological, engineering, and other factors. Another important thing is the more profound study of the kinetics of microbiological synthesis susceptible to both internal and external effects. The batch cultivation of pigmented yeast has been studied by probabilistic methods. A stochastic model providing the system study of the biosynthesis of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase by pigmented yeast has been formulated. The cultivation of microorganisms is described by the birth-and-death process. The mathematical expectation and dispersion of the number of population members are proposed as efficiency characteristics. The dependence between the amount of synthesized enzyme and the birth and death rates of a cultivated population is derived through the concentration of cultivated microorganism biomass and the birth and death rates of its members.
Evolution of group size in the superfamily Delphinoidea (Delphinidae, Phocoenidae and Monodontidae): a quantitative comparative analysis

Predictors of group size in Delphinoidea were investigated in a comparative study. Possible predictors included phylogenetic variables, variables of the physical environment, the diet, correlates of predation pressure and life-history parameters. The strongest predictors were the variables species and subfamily, which explained most of the observed variation in group size. Group size also increased with openness of the habitat and showed a U-shaped relationship with temperature. In conclusion, phylogeny seems to play the most crucial role in the evolution of group size in Delphinoidea. The simplest interpretation of this result is that group size resulted from a historical (random) process and has only been marginally shaped by direct selection.
Inhibition of Browning of Apple Slice and Juice by onion Juice

The effect of onion juice on the browning of slices and juice of apple was examined. The browning of apple slices was completely suppressed by dipping them in onion juice diluted with an equal volume of water for 10 minutes. The browning of apple juice was, likewise, inhibited when the 50% apple juice was prepared by the addition of an equal volume of onion juice. Though the polyphenol oxidase activity of the apple was inhibited about 80% by the onion juice, 20% of activity still remained. Because the reaction liquid does not change to yellow, even if the reaction progresses in this condition, it was suggested that the formation of the browning material had been inhibited by the onion juice reacting wich the product by 20% the remainder polyphenol oxidase activity.