Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy conversion by nonlinear permanent magnet machines

Stored energy and coenergy are defined for a permanent magnet system. It is shown that either stored energy or coenergy may be used to determine permanent magnet reluctance torque where the magnetisation characteristics of regions within the system are arbitrary. It is shown how residual magnetism may be incorporated into classical electromechanical coupling theory. It is, therefore, shown how general equations for torque can be derived for nonlinear permanent magnet systems from classical electromechanical coupling theory. The approximation made in deriving a simplified equation for torque in a linear system is described. Finally, the validity of the first quadrant representation of the rate of change of coenergy within a permanent magnet material, relevant to CAD systems on electromagnetics, is demonstrated.
PARTITIONED GLOBAL ADDRESS SPACE APPROACH FOR THE MAPREDUCE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PARALLEL KMEANS ALGORITHM

In recent years there is a growing challenge in processing large amounts of data as the size of the data gets exponentially increasing. Mapreduce became an advanced tool to tackle these problems with processing of large arrays of data. As a result, many current Mapreduce frameworks such as Apache Hadoop, Apache Spark rely on Mapreduce as a backbone technology to solve their large-scale problems. Though, such approaches have their benefits, performance wise they cannot always guarantee a linear speed-up and hence a new parallel methods and frameworks needs a thorough study in order to understand scalability and performance benefits in these cases. In this work we present Kmeans parallel (||) clustering algorithm implemented in a partitioned address space Mapreduce system. This work includes a comparison and performance analysis of the presented implementation. In the paper we propose a novel approach that was not considered in literature before. In particular, it was found that our Mapreduce implementation of Kmeans parallel algorithm achieves a strongly linear speed-up that makes this approach an excellent candidate to solve high-dimensional and large-scale clustering problems.
Connectivity of vegetation diversity, carbon stock, and peat depth in peatland eco systems

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Peat swamp forest ecosystems are fragile ecosystems with different peat depths according to the level of peat formation. Moreover, a peat swamp forest can have diverse vegetation and high carbon stocks. Thus, caution should be taken in the sustainable management of a peat swamp forest. However, the connection between vegetation diversity, carbon stocks, and peat depths has not been widely studied in efforts to conserve vegetation and peatlands. This study aimed to analyze the connection between vegetation diversity, carbon stocks, and peat depths in the Kahayan Sebangau Peat Hydrology Unit. METHODS: Plots at the peat depths of four sites were studied: site 1 (<50 cm), site 2 (393-478 cm), site 3 (479-564 cm), and site 4 (565-649 cm). FINDINGS: : This study discovered that diverse vegetation at the tree, sapling, and seedling levels and the species richness at different peat depths were significantly different due to various nutrient contents and distances from the river. The number of species found varied at various peat depths, with 20, 28, 32, and 19 species at peat depths of 565 cm, 479-<565 cm, 393-<479 cm, and <50 cm, respectively. In addition, the highest carbon stock was 95.2 ± 19.52 Mg C/ha, which was found at a peat depth of 479 – 564 cm and a vegetation diameter of ≥10 cm. The tree species Combretocarpus rotundatus (Miq.) Danser, Maclurodendron porteri (Hook. f.) T.G. Hartley, Tetramestra glabra Miq, and Horsfieldia irya (Gaertn.) Warb. had high survival rates and grew at a peat depth of <50 cm. The study results confirmed that peat thickness could not directly affect the vegetation dynamic in terms of vegetation diversity. The vegetation changes were influenced directly by changing other characteristics of peat hydrology, peat chemistry, and peat organic matter. CONCLUSION: All Pearson correlation values between peat depth, vegetation diversity, and carbon stock were positive with each other. This shows that peat depth, vegetation diversity, and carbon stock are interdependent and connected to one another.
Kids Interactive Learning Platform

— Education is a prime factor of growth of the individual, community and the world. The children use mobile phones for playing games, watching cartoons or only for entertainment purpose. The basic objective of writing this paper to utilise children time and energy in productive works which help them in developing their skills. This platform will provide children with primary knowledge at one platform that is going to entertain them and also help them in self-development and nation-building.
Structural Credit Assignment in Neural Networks using Reinforcement Learning

Structural credit assignment in neural networks is a long-standing problem, with a variety of alternatives to backpropagation proposed to allow for local training of nodes. One of the early strategies was to treat each node as an agent and use a reinforcement learning method called REINFORCE to update each node locally with only a global reward signal. In this work, we revisit this approach and investigate if we can leverage other reinforcement learning approaches to improve learning. We ﬁrst formalize training a neural network as a ﬁnite-horizon reinforcement learning problem and discuss how this facilitates using ideas from reinforcement learning like off-policy learning. We show that the standard on-policy REINFORCE approach, even with a variety of variance reduction approaches, learns suboptimal solutions. We introduce an off-policy approach, to facilitate reasoning about the greedy action for other agents and help overcome stochasticity in other agents. We conclude by showing that these networks of agents can be more robust to correlated samples when learning online.
Illicit finance and national security

Policy responses to curb these illicit financial flows will have to start by addressing the gaps that are exploited by adversarial actors. This could include reforms that: strengthen beneficial ownership transparency, enhance the capacities of financial crime authorities, better regulate activities of foreign lobbyists, and create more substantive restrictions on political financing. 06 December 2021
Automatic IDN Dialog Act Tagging of Design-Team Conversations

In this paper we explore the effectiveness of using neural networks for the classiﬁcation of conversations into their respective dialog acts. For this task, we use as our tags the Interaction Dynamics Notation (IDN) developed at the Stanford Center for Design Research. This notation is a set of 12 symbols that represent group interactions and depend on social context. Due to this context-dependency, tagging must not only take into account each individual’s input but also the reactions of other members within the group. By us-ing recurrent neural networks the hope was to capture this context and improve classiﬁcation accuracy. Our research therefore shows that recurrent neural networks are an effective tool in automatic tagging of the context-dependent IDN notation for group interactions.
RAPID IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT HEMIDESMUS INDICUS (L.) R.BR. THROUGH NODAL EXPLANTS

The present study deals with a new and an efficient protocol for in vitro propagation of medicinally important Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br. from nodal explants. Among different cytokinins with varied concentrations of adenine sulphate along with BAP showed the best response for multiple shoot induction. Multiple shoot regeneration was established on MS medium supplemented with 4.0 mg/l adenine sulphate and 2.0 mg/l BAP. The regenerated shoots developed roots on MS medium supplemented with 4.0 mg/l IAA. About 78% of in vitro grown plants were successfully acclimatized in the field without any phenotypic changes.
Integrated CMOS wideband oscillator for RF applications

A fully integrated LC oscillator with a tuning range of 800 MHz is presented. A combination of capacitive and inductive tuning has been used to produce the large tuning range with a low-gain control input. The phase noise at 1.9 GHz is as low as -120 dBc/Hz at 500 kHz offset. Possible applications include integer-N PLLs with a low level of reference spurs.
Depression, Poverty, Social Support and Psychological Distress as Factors in Psychological Well-Being of Working Class Mothers

Objectives: This study investigated depression, poverty, social support and psychological distress as factors in psychological well-being of working mothers. Methods: Participants (N = 626, with age range between 25-45 years and M age of 34.56) of working mothers who were randomly selected from Ebonyi State, Nigeria, completed Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), Social Support Scale (SSS), Kessler’s Psychological Distress Scale (KPDS) and Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWS) while poverty was elicited through demographic information of the participants. Results: The multiple regression statistical analysis indicated positive correlation of depression, poverty, social support and psychological distress on psychological well-being of working class mothers. Conclusion: The findings identified that depression, poverty, social support psychological distress are factors in psychological well-being of working class mothers. The findings imply that working class mothers should be assisted in reducing depression, poverty, psychological distress and strengthening their social support in other to increase their psychological well-being.
A new control method for active power filters with voltage detection

In this paper, a new control method for active power filters with voltage detection is proposed. The proposed control method is based on the real-time simulation of an LC filter accomplished using a digital signal processor. Thus, the proposed active power filter acts equivalently as an LC filter whose circuit parameters, such as the resonant frequency and quality factor, can be adjusted to obtain the most effective compensation characteristics during the operating condition. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is demonstrated by some experimental results and computer simulation.
Disturbance free operation of a multiphase current regulated motor drive with an opened phase

An improved induction motor control strategy is proposed incorporating a multiphase machine which allows for continuous, disturbance free operation of the drive even with complete loss of one (or more) legs of the inverter or motor phase. A complete analysis of both even phase and odd phase machines utilizing this control and circuit concept is presented. By using a five-phase or a seven-phase machine, it is possible to take advantage of the additional degrees of freedom as a result of more phases. It is shown that when one phase is open circuited, with appropriate control, the zero sequence current is no longer a necessary component as in a three-phase machine. That is, one can eliminate the need for a neutral line and the machine can still be controlled so as to produce a smooth nonpulsating torque. It has also been determined that the ratings of motor and inverter will both benefit by the use of extra phases. <<ETX>>
Single-cell analysis of arthritogenic alphavirus-infected human synovial fibroblasts links low abund

Infection by (re-)emerging RNA arboviruses including Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Mayaro virus primarily cause acute febrile disease and transient polyarthralgia. However, in a significant subset of infected individuals, debilitating arthralgia persists for weeks over months up to years. The underlying immunopathogenesis of chronification of arthralgia upon primary RNA-viral infection remains unclear. Here, we analysed cell-intrinsic responses to ex vivo arthritogenic alphaviral infection of primary human synovial fibroblasts isolated from knee joints, one the most affected joint types during acute and chronic CHIKV disease. Synovial fibroblasts were susceptible and permissive to alphaviral infection. Base-line and exogenously added type I interferon (IFN) partially and potently restricted infection, respectively. RNAseq revealed a CHIKV infection-induced transcriptional profile that comprised upregulation of expression of several hundred IFN-stimulated and arthralgia-mediating genes. Single-cell virus-inclusive RNA-seq uncovered a fine-tuned switch from induction to repression of cell-intrinsic immune responses depending on the abundance of viral RNA in an individual cell. Specifically, responses were most pronounced in cells displaying low-to-intermediate amounts of viral RNA and absence of virus-encoded, fluorescent reporter protein expression, arguing for efficient counteraction of innate immunity in cells expressing viral antagonists at sufficient quantities. In summary, cell-intrinsic sensing of viral RNA that potentially persists or replicates at low levels in synovial fibroblasts and other target cell types in vivo may contribute to the chronic arthralgia induced by alphaviral infections. Our findings might advance our understanding of the immunopathophysiology of long-term pathogenesis of RNA-viral infections. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 9 July 2021; Revised 25 October 2021; Accepted 27 October 2021
Readback Error Detection by Automatic Speech Recognition to Increase ATM Safety

— One of the crucial tasks of an air traffic controller (ATCo) is to evaluate pilot readbacks and to react in case of errors. Undetected readback errors, when not corrected by ATCos, can have a dramatic impact on air traffic management (ATM) safety. Although they seldomly occur, the benefits of even one prevented incident due to automatic readback error detection justifies the efforts. This, however, requires highly reliable detections, which is beyond the performance of currently available automatic speech recognition implementations. The HAAWAII project aims to achieve false alarm rates below 10% and readback error detection rates better than 50%. After performing a preliminary analysis by comparing ATCo utterances with pilot readbacks on word level, this approach proves to be very ineffective. Callsigns are abbreviated or not even pronounced, altitude and speed units are often not used, for example “nineteen eight” is the same as “one one nine decimal eight”. Therefore, the presented approach transforms recognized word sequences into so-called ATC concepts, as agreed with the ontology of the SESAR project PJ.16-04. Detecting readback errors on concept level is more reliable and robust as it also considers different forms of conveying the same semantic messages and is also more tolerant to partially misrecognized words. Nevertheless, a good recognition rate on word level is essential to correctly transform words into concepts, which will be achieved by integrating voice data from ATCo utterances and pilot readbacks with context information such as data concerning radar, flight plans, and weather. This paper presents relevant use cases, the ontology-based algorithm, and initial results regarding callsign recognition accuracy for automatic readback error detection purposes.
Designing a 100 MHz SPARC dual processor using MCM-L packaging technology and microwave design techniques

This paper presents typical microwave design techniques applied to designing high speed MCMs for digital applications. Significantly improved MCM performance and reduced number of design iterations are achieved, by using these techniques. Further, a design of 100 MHz SPARC dual processor using MCM-L technology is presented, taking advantage of using unpackaged chips and design techniques frequently used in microwave designs. <<ETX>>
Leakage Current Characteristics of Lead-Zirconate-Titanate Thin Film Capacitors for Memory Device Applications

The leakage current of ferroelectric thin film capacitors is comprised of electronic conduction current and polarization current. In this work, the origin of these leakage current components in lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) thin film capacitors is studied by means of two different methods. The first method distinguishes the current components by measuring the leakage current with different delay times. The second method determines the current components by measuring the charging and discharging currents when a specified voltage is turned on and off. Both measurements show that the polarization current is dominant in an electric field lower than 100 kV/cm. The polarization current is modeled using Debye-type electric polarization. The relaxation times and equivalent capacitances of the polarization current are extracted from the discharging current. The electronic conduction current obtained by measuring the leakage current with long delay time can be explained to be due to ohmic conduction in a low field (lower than 40 kV/cm) and Poole-Frenkel emission in a high field (higher than 40 kV/cm). The total leakage current calculated by the sum of the polarization current and the electronic conduction current agrees well with the measured result.
Clinical and imaging features of 112 patients with irregular and flat bone osteosarcoma.

Background This study evaluated the clinical characteristics and imaging findings of 112 patients with irregular and flat bone osteosarcoma (IFBO). Methods The age, gender, location, tumor size, density and signal intensity, osteoid matrix, periosteal reaction, and histological subtypes were analyzed for 112 patients with IFBO. Results A total of 112 patients with IFBO, including 64 males and 48 females, with a mean age of 34.8 years were enrolled in this study. Over half of the tumors (54.5%) were detected in the craniofacial region and the skull (24 in the maxilla bone, 17 in the mandible bone, 11 in the sphenoid bone, 7 in the temporal bone, 1 in the frontal bone, and 1 in the occipital bone). Other tumor locations included the pelvic region (20.5%; 20 in the ilium and 3 in the pubis), the chest (18.8%; 11 in the scapula, 7 in the ribs, and 3 in the clavicle), and the vertebrae (6.3%; 3 in the thoracic spine, 2 in the lumbar spine, 1 in the sacrum, and 1 in the cervical spine). Transarticular extension occurred in 11 of the 23 pelvic cases (47.8%), primarily involving the sacroiliac joint (90.9%; 10 of 11). Six cases (6/7; 85.7%) of vertebral osteosarcoma arose from the transverse process and the pedicle, and 1 (1/7; 14.3%) arose from the sacral tuberosity and the ala, with partial vertebral body involvement. Additionally, 27 patients (24.1%) presented with secondary osteosarcoma related to prior radiotherapy, and 2 (1.8%) were associated with osteoblastoma and fibrous dysplasia. Histological examination revealed high-grade tumors in 88 (78.6%) cases. The tumors presented as soft-tissue masses with a diameter of 7.5±3.2 cm. A total of 91 patients underwent X-ray examination and/or computed tomography (CT) examinations. The osteoid matrix was detected in 84 patients (84/91;92.3%). A periosteal reaction was detected in 56 cases (56/91; 61.5%), including a lamellar periosteal reaction in 10 patients (11.0%) and a spiculated periosteal reaction in 46 cases (50.5%). All 74 cases who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations presented with heterogeneous masses in the surrounding soft tissue. Enhancement was homogenous in 12 cases (18.5%) and heterogeneous in 53 cases (81.5%). Peripheral rim enhancement was observed in 10 cases (13.5%). Conclusions IFBO should be considered when diagnosing patients over 30 years of age who exhibit osteoid matrix in bone lesions. Maxillofacial osteosarcoma is commonly associated with a history of radiation exposure. Pelvic osteosarcoma is more likely to invade the sacroiliac joint. Vertebral osteosarcoma frequently arises in the transverse process and pedicle, with partial body involvement.
pH-responsive self-healing of chemically modified tragacanth gum hydrogels as antibiotic release system

Abstract Herein, we reported pH-responsive self-healing hydrogels from cross-linked tragacanth gum (TG) as a controlled antibiotic release system using varying gum concentrations at changing temperatures using both glutaraldehyde and citric acid. TG-HGs can sustain multiple cycles of healing and separation by relatively maintaining their mechanical and healing properties. Cefazolin (Cf) loaded TG-HGs showed a respectively slow drug release over 8–24 h depend on the TG concentration. Prepared cf-loaded hydrogels showed excellent antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacterium, and resulted in high mortality (99.3%) on S. aureus with a robust inhibition of biofilm formation. Graphical Abstract
The Mathematical Model for Streptococcus suis Infection in Pig-Human Population with Humidity Effect

: In this paper, we developed a mathematical model for Streptococcus suis , which is an epidemic by considering the moisture that affects the infection. The disease is caused by Streptococcus suis infection found in pigs which can be transmitted to humans. The patients of Streptococcus suis were generally found in adults males and the elderly who contacted pigs or who ate uncooked pork. In human cases, the infection can cause a severe illness and death. This disease has an impact to the financial losses in the swine industry. In the development of models for this disease, we have divided the population into 7 related groups which are susceptible pig compartment, infected pig compartment, quarantined pig compartment, recovered pig compartment, susceptible human compartment, infected human compartment, and recovered human compartment. After that, we use this model and a quarantine strategy to analyze the spread of the infection. In addition, the basic reproduction number R 0 is determined by using the next-generation matrix which can analyze the stability of the model. The numerical simulations of the proposed model are illustrated to confirm the results from theorems. The results showed that there is an effect from moisture to the disease transmission. When the moisture increases the disease infection also increases.
Rapidly tunable narrowband wavelength filter using LiNbO/sub 3/ unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometers

We demonstrate a rapidly tunable narrowband wavelength filter using unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometers in lithium niobate. It is designed to switch among eight channels spaced 50 GHz apart in optical frequency (approximately 0.4 nm in wavelength) in less than 50 ns. The insertion loss is 19 dB and crosstalk is less than -22 dB. The filter consists of a cascade of three electrooptically tunable unbalanced Mach-Zehnders and a feedback circuit to keep the filter centered on the desired wavelength.
Electromechanical ΔΣ modulation with high-Q micromechanical accelerometers and pulse density modulated force feedback.

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of force-balanced microelectromechanical modulators for iner- tial and force sensing applications, with the emphasis on the control of high-Q micromechanical accelerometers. High Q is desirable for reducing thermal-mechanical Brownian noise but makes the control more challenging. Linear multibit force feedback using nonlinear actuators based on pulse density modulation (PDM) is described. The characteristics of the modulators, including stability, quantization noise, dynamic range, and proof-mass posi- tion error, are studied by simulations. The effects of nonidealities such as proof-mass position offset, manufacturing variations and undesired vibration modes are investigated.
Identification of Centralised Controlled Multivariable Systems

Abstract FOPTD model parameters of a centralised (PI) controlled multivariable system are identified by a closed-loop optimisation method. The model parameters are obtained by a non-linear least square minimisation method. An easy procedure is given for the guess values of the parameters. For arbitrary guess values, the minimisation method does not converge. The simulation studies are given for several transfer function matrices.