Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A method to construct a reference model for model reference adaptive control

Model reference adaptive control takes the output of a reference model as the target and ensures that the actual output is consistent with the target. In this scenario, the reference model determines the performance of the control system. Constructing a reference model with specific performance is challenging, and most researchers construct the reference model by experience. As alternative frameworks, we propose two novel reference model construction methods, namely, zero-pole method and frequency response method. The zero-pole method establishes a nonlinear optimization model to ensure that the added zeros and poles are as far away from the imaginary axis as possible. In the case where this cannot be done, the frequency response method matches the system frequency response of the reference model and the given model to the extent possible using a nonlinear optimization model. Experimental results are presented to confirm that both methods can construct a reference model based on a given transfer function. Deviations in response between the reference models constructed using the two methods and the given model are compared, and the reasons for higher accuracy of the frequency response method are discussed.
Diet quality and weight gain among black and white young adults: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)

Background: Little is known about the long-term health consequences of following the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). Objective: The objective was to examine the longitudinal association between diets consistent with the 2005 DGA and subsequent weight gain. Design: We used data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study, a cohort of black and white men and women aged 18–30 y at baseline who attended 7 examinations from 1985–1986 to 2005–2006 (n = 4913). We created a 100point Diet Quality Index (2005 DQI) to rate participants’ diets based on meeting the 2005 DGA key recommendations. Longitudinal models of weight gain were adjusted for physical activity, smoking, energy intake, age, education, sex, and initial body mass index (BMI) and included interaction terms of DQI by race and initial BMI (if statistically significant). Results: We found effect modification by race (likelihood ratio test, P , 0.03 in all models). The mean adjusted 20-y weight change was +19.4 kg for blacks and +11.2 kg for whites with high diet quality (DQI .70) and +17.8 for blacks and +13.9 for whites with a DQI ,50 (P , 0.05). In race-specific Cox models (with interaction terms for DQI · initial BMI, P , 0.05), a 10-point increase in DQI score was associated with a 10% lower risk of gaining 10 kg in whites with an initial BMI (in kg/m 2 ) ,25 but with a 15% higher risk in blacks with baseline obesity (P , 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings do not support the hypothesis that a diet consistent with the 2005 DGA benefits long-term weight maintenance in American young adults. Greater need for attention to obesity prevention in future DGAs is warranted. Am J Clin Nutr doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010. 29161.
Analysis of rolling on steel and rubber-covered rollers using viscoelasticity

In this article, a series of analysis were performed on a two-dimensional structure of steel and rubber-covered rollers. First, a hyperelastic–viscoelastic composite constitutive model based on a dynamic mechanical experiment of rubber was formulated to accurately describe rubber properties. Meanwhile, a hyperelastic constitutive model not considering viscoelasticity was set as the control group. The material used in this article was the nitrile rubber with the Shore hardness of 40. Then, the effects of viscoelasticity on the von Mises stress were analyzed by comparing results of two models. The influences of working conditions (roller speeds/compression displacement) on the von Mises stress and the area of hysteresis loop were also studied. Next, the contact characteristics under different working conditions and constitutive models were analyzed combining viscoelasticity. A verification experiment of contact width was carried out, and the theoretical and simulated values were calculated and compared. Finally, the relation of “low peak” phenomenon with viscoelasticity was studied, and the effects of working conditions and rubber viscoelasticity on contact feature of rollers were summarized. The conclusions of the article can help engineers to better optimize dynamic working conditions and judge the working state of the structure.
A Review of the Relationship between Wine Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The potential health benefits of moderate alcohol consumption are not limited to a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease but are also observed for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The relationship appears to be J-shaped where moderate alcohol consumption reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in both men and women, irrespective of age, and in those with a low and a high body mass index. The optimal amount of wine appears to be approximately two drinks per day, where a standard drink in Australia is considered to be 10 g alcohol. Given that the incidence of diabetes is projected to approximately double in the next 15 years, simple dietary supplementation to a healthy diet and lifestyle to reduce the risk will become increasingly important. This paper reviews the association between wine specifically and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and discusses biological mechanisms related to the association.
Trauma-Focused CBT for Children and Adolescents: Treatment Applications

Now, we come to offer you the right catalogues of book to open. trauma focused cbt for children and adolescents treatment applications is one of the literary work in this world in suitable to be reading material. That's not only this book gives reference, but also it will show you the amazing benefits of reading a book. Developing your countless minds is needed; moreover you are kind of people with great curiosity. So, the book is very appropriate for you.
A Note on "Hand-Eye Calibration"

Hand-eye calibration determines the geometric relationship between a robot hand and a hand-mounted sensor. In Horaud and Dornaika (1995), many contributions are made to the the oretical and experimental development of hand-eye calibration. Nevertheless, some of the authors' views deserve further discus sion, with respect to the limitations and merits of the classical and the new formulations.
DRESPA: An Integrated System for Reconfigurable High-speed Signal Processing Applications

Summary This paper describes DRESPA (Dynamically Reconfigurable Embedded Signal Processing Architecture) developed for the class of real-time high-speed signal processing applications. DRESPA is a coarse-grained, multi-programmable and dynamically reconfigurable architecture. The architecture consists of arithmetic operation-level configurable modules interconnected through multiple data buses that can be logically configured to form one or more computation pipelines before a specific application is initiated, and remains unchanged till the completion of the application. On-chip integration of reconfigurable logic reduces the memory access cost and the reconfiguration cost. It neither requires an external processor to configure it, nor does it consume context change-over time. The suitability of DRESPA for the target application domain is evaluated with real-time signal processing applications such as video processing, image processing and speech processing. The results show that there is a performance improvement in terms of speedup in comparison with other systems.
Centroid variability model–based control of HITUWV for automatic underwater welding with enhanced stability and accuracy

This article presents a centroid variability model–based controller of HITUWV (Underwater Welding Vehicle by Harbin Institute of Technology), an underwater welding vehicle, for automatic welding with high stability and accuracy. First, an accurate centroid variability model, which considers the coefficient changes of the HITUWV caused by the movements of a 3-degree-of-freedom manipulator, is presented to perform the dynamic characteristics of the HITUWV precisely. Second, a centroid variability model–based adaptive sliding model controller is developed for the HITUWV to complete centroid variability compensation. Experimental results indicate that the proposed centroid variability model–based adaptive sliding model controller demonstrates better performances in stability and accuracy than the conventional proportional–integral–derivative controller and the model-based proportional–integral–derivative controller. As a result, the centroid variability model–based adaptive sliding model controller holds great practicality and utility on the control of underwater operation with high stability and accuracy.
Geographic Clusters in Underimmunization and Vaccine

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Parental refusal and delay of childhood vaccines has increased in recent years and is believed to cluster in some communities. Such clusters could pose public health risks and barriers to achieving immunization quality benchmarks. Our aims were to (1) describe geographic clusters of underimmunization and vaccine refusal, (2) compare clusters of underimmunization with different vaccines, and (3) evaluate whether vaccine refusal clusters may pose barriers to achieving high immunization rates. METHODS: We analyzed electronic health records among children born between 2000 and 2011 with membership in Kaiser Permanente Northern California. The study population included 154 424 children in 13 counties with continuous membership from birth to 36 months of age. We used spatial scan statistics to identify clusters of underimmunization (having missed 1 or more vaccines by 36 months of age) and vaccine refusal (based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes). RESULTS: We identified 5 statistically significant clusters of underimmunization among children who turned 36 months old during 2010-2012. The underimmunization rate within clusters ranged from 18% to 23%, and the rate outside them was 11%. Children in the most statistically significant cluster had 1.58 (P , .001) times the rate of underimmunization as others. Underimmunization with measles, mumps, rubella vaccine and varicella vaccines clustered in similar geographic areas. Vaccine refusal also clustered, with rates of 5.5% to 13.5% within clusters, compared with 2.6% outside them. CONCLUSIONS: Underimmunization and vaccine refusal cluster geographically. Spatial scan statistics may be a useful tool to identify locations with challenges to achieving high immunization rates, which deserve focused intervention.
Survey of Pain Curricula for Healthcare Professionals in Norway

Aim: The objective of the present study is to describe the content of pain curricula and the time designated to pain education for different healthcare professionals in Norway. Background: Clinicians encounter the challenge of unrelieved pain frequently, and evidence indicates they lack sufficient knowledge and skills to adequately assess and manage pain. Effective pain management is multifactorial and different health professionals must collaborate to meet the patients' needs. Methods: The Pain Education Survey was sent to 47 program leaders in Norwegian Health Faculties. The questionnaire consists of six close-ended questions concerning how the faculties organize their pain curricula and eight questions regarding the specific content. Findings: A total of 25 respondents across all healthcare educational institutions in Norway filled in the questionnaire, and the response rate varied between disciplines. Non-mandatory pain education was only reported by physiotherapy and nursing education. The most frequently taught area in all disciplines was non-pharmacological methods. The least taught areas were quality indicators and pain guidelines. Conclusions: This study describes great differences in how Norwegian healthcare educational institutions organize their pain curricula. It is worrying that only half of the respondents could identify clearly which areas were taught about pain.
Figures

Fig. 1. Structural features of Cc. (A) Ribbon representation of the solution NMR structure of human Cc (PDB code 1J3S). The five tyrosine residues are in green, the haem group is in orange, and the two axial ligands are in yellow. (B) 1D NMR spectra of the five oxidised monotyrosine mutants of human Cc in their non-nitrated or nitrated state. Each of the socalled h-Y46, h-Y48, h-Y67, h-Y74 and h-Y97 Cc mutants has all its tyrosine residues but one (just that giving its number to the mutant) replaced by phenylalanines. 1D NMR spectra of the wild-type form (h-WT) and of the mutant having all five tyrosines replaced by phenylalanines (h-Null) are also shown for comparative purposes. As a control, the 1D NMR spectrum of the h-Null mutant submitted to the nitration process (h-Null:N) is presented. (C) Amino acid sequence alignment of horse (Equus), human (Homo) and plant (Arabidopsis) Cc. Horse Cc contains four tyrosines, human Cc has five tyrosines, and plant Cc has six tyrosines. The four common tyrosine residues are coloured in blue, whereas the non-conserved tyrosines are in red.
Surgery for Family Planning, Abortion, and Postabortion Care

This chapter discusses two related but conceptually distinct health concerns in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs): (a) voluntary family planning, and (b) abortion, including postabortion care. In the first section, on family planning, the health condition of interest is unmet need: the percentage of women who would like to either stop or delay childbearing but who are not using any contraceptive method to prevent pregnancy. The unmet need for family planning (to either limit family size or determine the intervals between children) results in unintended and unwanted pregnancies, which in turn lead to a broad range of maternal and child conditions that increase morbidity and mortality. Surgical procedures for family planning can help reduce this unmet need, particularly the need to limit childbirth. The second section concerns surgery for induced abortion (as opposed to spontaneous abortion, or miscarriage) and the surgical management of the complications of induced, mostly unsafe, abortion.1 Unsafe abortion is defined as abortion performed outside of health facilities (or any other place legally recognized for the procedure) or by an unskilled person (WHO 1992). The demand for abortion is high in many LMICs, and the illegality of the procedure in most of these countries increases the likelihood of postabortion complications from clandestine, unsafe procedures (Grimes and others 2006; Shah and Ahman 2009; Singh and others 2006; Singh 2010). Therefore, postabortion care is a significant health issue in LMICs. Timely, safe surgical interventions can reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with unsafe abortions. The same surgical procedures used for abortion are also used to manage incomplete abortion, which is one of the most common postabortion complications and is often accompanied by other complications such as bleeding, sepsis, and genital injury. The surgical procedures used to manage such complications include laparotomy for sepsis and uterine injury and a wide range of minor procedures to repair injuries to the proximal birth canal. Both sections discuss the burden of reproductive health conditions, including morbidity, mortality, and other effects. We discuss surgical procedures (their performance, inputs, and implementation) and the health workforce implications of scaling up those procedures in LMICs. We also explore evidence on the procedures’ effectiveness in reducing morbidity and mortality and improving quality of life as well as evidence on their cost-effectiveness. Finally, we outline future directions—including implementation challenges and considerations for increasing access to these surgical interventions—and conclude by summarizing the findings and recommendations.
Reply

mycin for endophthalmitis prophylaxis in cases of generic “history of allergy to penicillin” remains questionable rather than “controversial,” andpatients should have been informed appropriately.We challenge the authors to agree that cross-reactivity between cefuroxime and penicillin is a myth. A recent review focused on the topic and found sufficient evidence to conclude that the risk for cross-reactivity between penicillin and cefuroxime (and ceftazidime) is negligible because the molecules do not share R1 side chains. In addition, given the large discrepancy between self-reported and confirmed penicillin allergies, it would have been more fitting to perform at least appropriate allergy testing and only include in the study patients with a documented penicillin allergy. In summary, although we ought to acknowledge that P erez-Canales et al. have provided evidence regarding the in vivo safety of vancomycin administered intracamerally after cataract surgery, it is also very likely that an off-label alternative to intracameral cefuroxime prophylaxis treatment is not required in the vast majority of the patients; that is, patients with severe allergic reaction to other cephalosporins with a side chain similar to cefuroxime. Last, widespread use of vancomycin for prophylaxis might even cause development of bacterial resistance to this drug, currently used as a first-line agent for the treatment of pseudophakic endophthalmitis.
Gd-DTPA-Enhanced MR Imaging in Mediastinal Hodgkin's Disease

Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging of 15 patients with primary mediastinal Hodgkin's disease was done before, during and after treatment. A total of 43 MR examinations were performed. After successful treatment, 13 patients had residual masses with reduced signal intensity (SI) ratio in the T2-weighted images. The majority of these also had decreased contrast enhancement as compared with the corresponding primary tumour. There was a significant positive correlation between the contrast enhancement and the SI ratios in the T2-weighted images of the primary tumours and/or the residual masses. Necrosis was seen in 3 of the primary tumours and one patient had a cystic residual mass. These necrotic/cystic lesions were easier to detect with the use of Gd-DTPA. Low SI ratio in the T2-weighted image and low contrast enhancement of the residual mass seem to indicate residual inactivity. Gd-DTPA facilitates the differentiation between cystic/necrotic and solid lesions.
Giving and sorting among friends : evidence from a lab-inthe field experiment

Giving and sorting among friends: evidence from a lab-in-the field experiment by Christine Binzel and Dietmar Fehr* Among residents of an informal housing area in Cairo, we examine how dictator giving varies by the social distance between subjects – friend versus stranger – and by the anonymity of the dictator. While giving to strangers is high under anonymity, we find – consistent with Leider et al. (2009) – that (i) a decrease in social distance increases giving, (ii) giving to a stranger and to a friend is positively correlated, and (iii) more altruistic dictators increase their giving less under non-anonymity than less altruistic dictators. However, friends are not alike in their altruistic preferences, suggesting that an individual’s intrinsic preferences may not necessarily be shaped by his (or her) peers. Instead, reciprocal motives seem important, indicating that social relationships may be valued differently when individuals are financially dependent on them.
Autoimmune markers for progression of Libby amphibole lamellar pleural thickening

Abstract Exposure to Libby Asbestiform Amphibole (LAA) is associated with asbestos-related diseases, including mesothelioma, pulmonary carcinoma, pleural fibrosis, and systemic autoimmune diseases. The pleural fibrosis can manifest as a rapidly progressing lamellar pleural thickening (LPT), which causes thoracic pain, dyspnea, and worsening pulmonary function tests (PFT). It is refractory to treatment and frequently fatal. Objective: Because of the immune dysfunction that has been described in the LAA-exposed population and the association of pleural manifestations with the presence of autoantibodies, this study tested whether specific immunological factors were associated with progressive LPT and whether they could be used as markers of progressive disease. Methods: Subjects were placed into three study groups defined as (1) progressive LPT, (2) stable LPT, (3) no LPT. Serum samples were tested for antinuclear autoantibodies, mesothelial cell autoantibodies, anti-plasminogen antibodies, IL1 beta, and IL17; which have all been shown to be elevated in mice and/or humans exposed to LAA. Results: Group 1 had significantly higher mean values for all of the autoantibodies, but not IL1 or IL-17, compared to the control Group 3. All three autoantibody tests had high specificity but low sensitivity, but ROC area-under-the-curve values for all three antibodies were over 0.7, statistically higher than a test with no value. When all LPT subjects were combined (Progressive plus Stable), no marker had predictive value for disease. Conclusion: The data support the hypothesis that progressive LPT is associated with immunological findings that may serve as an initial screen for progressive LPT.
Correctness of an ATL Model Transformation from SysML to Promela

In this paper we discuss the correctness of an ATL-based model transformation from the systems engineering modelling language SysML into Promela, the input language of the SPIN model checker. More precisely, we reduce showing the correctness of the transformation to showing a notion of what we refer to as observational equivalence of the SysML and the generated Promela models, respectively. This paves the way to a proof technique that could be further exploited in order to argue the correctness of model transformations from SysML to various model checkers, based on the observable actions generated by the systems under analysis.
A myogenic motor pattern in mice lacking myenteric interstitial cells of Cajal explained by a second coupled oscillator network.

The interstitial cells of Cajal associated with the myenteric plexus (ICC-MP) are a network of coupled oscillators in the small intestine that generate rhythmic electrical phase waves leading to corresponding waves of contraction. Yet rhythmic action potentials and intercellular calcium waves have been recorded from c-kit mutant mice that lack the ICC-MP, suggesting that there may be a second pacemaker network. The gap junction blocker carbenoxolone induced a "pinstripe" motor pattern consisting of rhythmic "stripes" of contraction that appeared simultaneously across the intestine with a period of ~ 4 s. The infinite velocity of these stripes suggested they were generated by a coupled oscillator network, which we call X. In c-kit mutants rhythmic contraction waves with the period of X travelled the length of the intestine, prior to the induction of the pinstripe pattern by carbenoxolone. Thus X is not the ICC-MP and appears to operate under physiological conditions, a fact that could explain the viability of these mice. Individual stripes consisted of a complex pattern of bands of contraction and distention and between stripes there could be slide- and v-waves of contraction. We hypothesised that these phenomena result from an interaction between X and the circular muscle which acts as a damped oscillator. A mathematical model of two chains of coupled Fitzhugh-Nagumo systems, representing X and circular muscle, supported this hypothesis. The presence of a second coupled oscillator network in the small intestine underlines the complexity of motor pattern generation in the gut.