Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SMU Data Science Review SMU Data Science Review

– This study investigates a comparison of classiﬁcation models used to determine aspect based separated text sentiment and predict binary sentiments of movie reviews with genre and aspect specific driving factors. To gain a broader classiﬁcation analysis, ﬁve machine and deep learning algorithms were compared: Logistic Regression (LR), Naive Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Recurrent Neural Network Long-Short-Term Memory (RNN LSTM). The various movie aspects that are utilized to separate the sentences are determined through aggregating aspect words from lexicon-base, supervised and unsupervised learning. The driving factors are randomly assigned to various movie aspects and their impact tied to each aspect and genre leading to the sentiment classification has been fully investigated based on the accuracy of each model. The study shows that assigning higher driving factors to certain aspects and genre result in the higher accuracy of the sentiment prediction models that utilized in this research.
Estimating the average treatment effect in randomized clinical trials with all-or-none compliance

Noncompliance is a common intercurrent event in randomized clinical trials that raises important questions about analytical objectives and approaches. Motivated by the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT), we consider how to estimate the average treatment eﬀect (ATE) in randomized trials with all-or-none compliance. Confounding is a major challenge in estimating the ATE, and conventional methods for confounding adjustment typically require the assumption of no unmeasured confounders, which may be diﬃcult to justify. Using randomized treatment assignment as an instrumental variable, the ATE can be identiﬁed in the presence of unmeasured confounders under suitable assumptions, including an assumption that limits the eﬀect-modifying activities of unmeasured confounders. We describe and compare several estimation methods based on diﬀerent modeling assumptions. Some of these methods are able to incorporate information from auxiliary covariates for improved eﬃciency without introducing bias. The diﬀerent methods are compared in a simulation study and applied to the MRFIT.
INNOVATIVE LASER TECHNOLOGY IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY: MARKING AND ENGRAVING

The advent of laser technology in textiles industry has established a new innovative solution, which successfully prevents some of the weaknesses in the conventional technologies. Lasers are being used in Laser Marking (Only the surface of fabric is processed, fading), Laser Engraving (Controlled cutting to depth). It has been used extensively as the replacement of some conventional dry processes like sand blasting, hand sanding, destroying, and grinding etc., which are potentially harmful and disadvantageous for the environment. The article considers some innovative laser technologies, such as marking and engraving on various textile materials. The laser applications for leather and textile processing were analysed. The report overviews systems and ways of laser marking and engraving implementations. Classification of markings was proposed. The advantages of laser marking and engraving technologies in textile fields were pointed.
Principle and Algorithm of Traveling Waves Based Single-phase-to-ground Protection for Distribution Lines

To correctly identify single-phase-to-ground fault(SFG) in power distribution systems with neutral non-effectively grounded,a novel traveling waves based single-phase-to-ground protection(TSPGP) was proposed.The polarity of initial transient current and voltage traveling waves were used to identify the fault direction.In order to improve the reliability of the protection and distinguish SFG from phase faults,power-frequency voltages and currents were used as blocking criteria.The principle,algorithm,scheme and operating characteristic were analyzed.The simulation results show that the protection is valid with good operating characteristics,such as explicit expression of fault direction,simplicity and fast operating time,and it can be applied to power distribution systems with different neutral grounding methods.
Broadband Seismic Noise: Classification and Green's Function Estimation

This thesis aims at a better understanding of the spatial and temporal variations of the amplitudes as well as the statistical properties of the (urban) seismic noise. A new statistical time series classification is presented which is used to conduct an analysis of the spatial and temporal variations of seismic noise between 8 mHz and 45 Hz in a metropolitan area. Furthermore, it is used to realise data selection approaches for the estimation of Green's functions from seismic noise.
Paradoxes Experienced in Embracing Inclusiveness among Students: Stories from Progressive Schools of Kathmandu Valley

The discourse of inclusion in education is getting a great emphasis both in international and national arena these days. Talking especially about Nepal, with the rising voice for paradigmatic shift in education, the number of progressive schools is increasing which are in rigor of preparing a more democratic learning environment for teaching learning. However, since the discourse of inclusion in education demands addressing different needs of learners, inclusion meant to one might not be so for another. Hence, this paper aims at unraveling paradoxes the school leaders have experienced in course of practising inclusion among students. In this course, two school leaders from two different institutional progressive schools were selected purposively as research participants while Kathmandu valley was selected as research site. The study embraced narrative inquiry as research methodology whereas interview was used as method of data collection. Focusing basically on the areas of integrating cultural diversity and learning abilities of students, data were collected from the participants in the form of narratives for which open ended questions were used. From the study, it was revealed that inclusion tended to create in one way might result in exclusion in the other way. The basic paradoxes the school leaders narrated were regarding how to preserve and celebrate cultural sensitivity of each group in class and how to address students with different learning abilities without making them feel segregated in any way. Moreover, it even provided me an insight that inclusion in education has to be understood in contextual manner rather than generalizing it based on what the state says or how state defines.
Role of the Intersections of Gender, Race and Sexual Orientation in the Association between Substance Use Behaviors and Sexually Transmitted Infections in a National Sample of Adults with Recent Criminal Legal Involvement

Limited research has focused on how substance use and sexual risk behaviors differ among individuals impacted by the criminal legal system based on social identities. Using the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, we estimated relative risk for reporting a sexually transmitted infection (STI) among intersectional social groups with criminal legal involvement using a modified Poisson regression. We then utilized multivariate logistic regression and marginal effects to measure associations between substance use behaviors and STIs and to estimate whether these varied among the intersectional social groups with elevated STI rates. Three groups had elevated risk of reporting an STI compared to white, heterosexual men: white, heterosexual women (1.53, 95% CI: 1.05–2.20); Black, heterosexual women (2.03, 95% CI: 1.18–3.49); and white, gay or bisexual men (5.65, 95% CI: 2.61–12.20). Considering the intersections of gender, race, and sexual orientation, elevated risks for STIs among white and Black heterosexual women were mitigated after adjusting for substance use alongside other confounders. Only those who identified as white, gay or bisexual, and male had increased STI risk after controlling for substance use. Interventions targeting Black and white heterosexual women’s sexual health following incarceration should focus on substance use and interventions targeting white, gay or bisexual men should focus on healthy sexual behaviors, HIV/STI screening, and care continuum efforts.
English as a Medium of Instruction at Turkish State Universities

This paper reports a study that explores the role of English as a language of instruction (or English Medium Instruction (EMI)) in the Turkish higher education system problematizing it in Turkey in terms of the country’s possible inclusion in the European Union and globalization discourses as well as the possible exclusion of Turkish students who do not speak English. With that aim, a study was carried out to analyze the offer of EMI courses at the Turkish universities and the use of English in that context. Data were collected from the Turkish universities websites and the analyses show that there are more state than private universities in the country, most of which have websites in English whereas only 25% offer EMI courses and/or programs to attract international students. The discussion of the data addresses the use of English in the internationalization of higher education in relation to possible implications of offering EMI courses in that context.
Inhibition of Autophagy Facilitates XY03-EA-Mediated Neuroprotection against the Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats

Objective L-3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) is used to treat moderate and severe acute ischemia stroke. A previous screening study indicates that XY03-EA, a novel derivative of NBP, is more potent than NBP in the oxyradical scavenging capacity. In this study, in vivo and in vitro ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) models were used to test whether the XY03-EA offered therapeutic benefits in the ischemic stroke and explore the underlying mechanism of action. Methods For this purpose, behavioral scores, cerebral infarct volume, cerebral blood flow, oxidative stress levels, inflammatory factor expression, energy metabolism levels, and autophagy activation were estimated in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) model. The nonhuman primate MCAO/R model was conducted to validate the therapeutic effect of XY03-EA applied for 3 weeks. The neurological deficit score (NDS) progression rate and the infarct volume were continuously recorded on days 3, 7, 14, and 21. The PC-12 cell OGD/R model was used to assess the cell survival rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, the expression of autophagy execution molecules, and the activation of autophagy-related signaling pathways. Results XY03-EA decreased the cerebral injuries and NDS by increasing cerebral blood flow, improving brain energy metabolism, accelerating ROS clearance, suppressing inflammatory responses, and inhibiting autophagy in the MCAO/R model rats. In the nonhuman primate MCAO/R model, the treatment of XY03-EA for 3 weeks could significantly inhibit the NDS progression rate and indicate a positive trend to reduce the infarct volume in a dose-dependent way. Mechanistically, XY03-EA inhibited ROS-dependent autophagy activation and thereby protected the PC-12 cells from the autophagic cell death induced by OGD/R. Conclusions In this study, we found that XY03-EA alleviated the cerebral I/R injuries in rats and nonhuman primates. Our results demonstrated that XY03-EA exerted neuroprotective effects against the ROS-mediated autophagic neurocyte death and had great potential for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Reimbursement of Digital Therapeutics: Future Perspectives in Korea

Author's summary Although the global digital therapeutics (DTx) market is rapidly growing and whether the health insurance system will cover DTx is a very important issue, there are currently no standards in Korea after the approval stage of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Regarding this issue, this study examined the concepts and characteristics of DTx and compared major countries (the U.S., the U.K., Germany, Japan, and Australia) reimbursement policies for DTx, thus clarifying the political implications for introducing DTx in Korea.
Identification of New QTLs for Dietary Fiber Content in Aegilops biuncialis

Grain dietary fiber content is an important health-promoting trait of bread wheat. A dominant dietary fiber component of wheat is the cell wall polysaccharide arabinoxylan and the goatgrass Aegilops biuncialis has high β-glucan content, which makes it an attractive gene source to develop wheat lines with modified fiber composition. In order to support introgression breeding, this work examined genetic variability in grain β-glucan, pentosan, and protein content in a collection of Ae. biuncialis. A large variation in grain protein and edible fiber content was revealed, reflecting the origin of Ae. biuncialis accessions from different eco-geographical habitats. Association analysis using DArTseq-derived SNPs identified 34 QTLs associated with β-glucan, pentosan, water-extractable pentosan, and protein content. Mapping the markers to draft chromosome assemblies of diploid progenitors of Ae. biuncialis underlined the role of genes on chromosomes 1Mb, 4Mb, and 5Mb in the formation of grain β-glucan content, while other QTLs on chromosome groups 3, 6, and 1 identified genes responsible for total- and water-extractable pentosan content. Functional annotation of the associated marker sequences identified fourteen genes, nine of which were identified in other monocots. The QTLs and genes identified in the present work are attractive targets for chromosome-mediated gene transfer to improve the health-promoting properties of wheat-derived foods.
Melbourne’s Birrarung: the Missed Opportunity for Collaborative Urban River Governance

A report submitted to Victoria’s Minister for Environment, Climate Change & Water in 2015 identified that the mechanisms in place for governance of Melbourne’s Lower Yarra River inhibit the river’s potential to enhance the liveability of the City of Melbourne. An absence of shared strategy and coordinated management across multiple government agencies was highlighted. Recommendations were made for revised governance arrangements, but they have been largely disregarded. Scholarship of the structure and function of river governance networks is at an early stage, but this study applies theory from a related field – collaborative governance – to investigate the implications of this lost opportunity for enhanced collaboration. The study explores the opportunity to apply an integrated framework for collaborative governance developed by Emerson, Nabatchi & Balogh, and its constituent elements, to an urban river governance context. The integrated framework is shown to be a valuable tool for illuminating the drivers, engagement processes, motivational attributes and joint capacities that can enable shared decision-making and implementation across multiple organisations and jurisdictions, to achieve desired ends. The study identifies the need to effectively manage political, legal, socioeconomic and environmental influences (the system context), along with the constraints of collaboration dynamics, if a collaborative governance regime is to be successfully implemented. The study identifies that factors such as interdependence, leadership direction, consequential incentives and uncertainty play a key role in driving collaboration dynamics, in the context of an urban river corridor. A collaborative multi-regulator partnership approach is advocated as the immediate way forward for the Lower Yarra.
Obtaining sound intraclass correlation and variance estimates in three-level models: The role of sampling-strategies

Three-level clustered data commonly occur in social and behavioral research and are prominently analyzed using multilevel modeling. The influence of the clustering on estimation results is assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), which indicate the fraction of variance in the outcome located at each higher level. However, ICCs are prone to bias due to high requirements regarding the overall sample size and the sample size at each data level. In Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate how these sample characteristics influence the bias of the ICCs and statistical power of the variance components using robust ML-estimation. Results reveal considerable underestimation on Level-3 and the importance of the Level-3 sample size in combination with the ICC sizes. Based on our results, we derive concise sampling recommendations and discuss limits to our inferences.
Impacts of NaHCO3 on β-Lactam Binding to PBP2a Protein Variants Associated with the NaHCO3-Responsive versus NaHCO3-Non-Responsive Phenotypes

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) regulates resistance to β-lactams via preferential production of an alternative penicillin-binding protein (PBP), PBP2a. PBP2a binds many β-lactam antibiotics with less affinity than PBPs which are predominant in methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) strains. A novel, rather frequent in vitro phenotype was recently identified among clinical MRSA bloodstream isolates, termed “NaHCO3-responsiveness”. This phenotype features β-lactam susceptibility of certain MRSA strains only in the presence of NaHCO3. Two distinct PBP2a variants, 246G and 246E, have been linked to the NaHCO3-responsive and NaHCO3-non-responsive MRSA phenotypes, respectively. To determine the mechanistic impact of PBP2a variants on β-lactam susceptibility, binding profiles of a fluorescent penicillin probe (Bocillin-FL) to each purified PBP2a variant were assessed and compared to whole-cell binding profiles characterized by flow cytometry in the presence vs. absence of NaHCO3. These investigations revealed that NaHCO3 differentially influenced the binding of the fluorescent penicillin, Bocillin-FL, to the PBP2a variants, with binding intensity and rate of binding significantly enhanced in the 246G compared to the 246E variant. Of note, the NaHCO3-β-lactam (oxacillin)-responsive JE2 strain, which natively harbors the 246G variant, had enhanced Bocillin-FL whole-cell binding following exposure to NaHCO3. This NaHCO3-mediated increase in whole-cell Bocillin-FL binding was not observed in the NaHCO3-non-responsive parental strain, COL, which contains the 246E PBP2a variant. Surprisingly, genetic swaps of the mecA coding sites between JE2 and COL did not alter the NaHCO3-enhanced binding seen in JE2 vs. COL. These data suggest that the non-coding regions of mecA may be involved in NaHCO3-responsiveness. This investigation also provides strong evidence that the NaHCO3-responsive phenotype in MRSA may involve NaHCO3-mediated increases in both initial cell surface β-lactam binding, as well as ultimate PBP2a binding of β-lactams.
Uncovering Teachers’ Implicit Leadership Theories for School Administrators: A Qualitative Inquiry

Purpose: This study attempted to expand the existing knowledge regarding school administrators’ effective and ineffective leadership behaviours and traits based on the perceptions of teacher respondents. Design/Methodology/Approach: The basic interpretive qualitative approach was adopted to scrutinize and discover the cultural attributions of the participating teachers. Research data were collected from 64 teachers working at a metropolitan city centre in mid-western Turkey. The respondents were asked to list the effective and ineffective characteristics of a school leader. Findings: A total of 379 expressions (249 effective, 130 ineffective) defining leader behaviours and traits were obtained. On average, there were 5.92 (SD: 2.06; min.=2, max.=9) expressions per participating teacher. We found seven effective leader behavioural themes with a total of 38 leader attributes and five ineffective leader behavioural themes with 27 leader attributes. Implications/Originality/Value: A seven-themed taxonomy of educational leadership behaviours was created. The results implied that communication skills and being an expert in the post are crucial as highlighted both by effective and ineffective leader attributes. The paper was concluded by offering some implications.
Deep learning model for 3D profiling of high-aspect-ratio features using high-voltage CD-SEM

High-aspect-ratio (HAR) channel holes were developed for competitive cost-per-bit 3D-NAND memory. High-throughput and in-line monitoring solutions for 3D profiling of the HAR features are the key to improving yields. We previously proposed an exponential model to identify the cross-sectional profile of the HAR features using backscattered electron (BSE) images of a high-voltage critical dimension scanning electron microscopy (CD-SEM). However, the 3D profiling accuracy was insufficient when the depth of the HAR features was far greater than the focus depth of the electron beam. To address this issue, we developed a deep learning (DL) model, which takes account of the aperture angle and the aberration of the electron beam, to predict the 3D profile from BSE images. The predicted cross-sections of the HAR holes with different bowing geometries were compared with field-emission SEM measurements. The results show that the DL model provides higher sensitivity than the exponential model does.
A linear smoothed meshfree method with intrinsic enrichment functions for 2D crack analysis

PurposeThis article aims to develop an accurate and efficient meshfree Galerkin method based on the strain smoothing technique for linear elastic continuous and fracture problems.Design/methodology/approachThis paper proposed a generalized linear smoothed meshfree method (LSMM), in which the compatible strain is reconstructed by the linear smoothed strains. Based on the idea of the weighted residual method and employing three linearly independent weight functions, the linear smoothed strains can be created easily in a smoothing domain. Using various types of basic functions, LSMM can solve the linear elastic continuous and fracture problems in a unified way.FindingsOn the one hand, the LSMM inherits the properties of high efficiency and stability from the stabilized conforming nodal integration (SCNI). On the other hand, the LSMM is more accurate than the SCNI, because it can produce continuous strains instead of the piece-wise strains obtained by SCNI. Those excellent performances ensure that the LSMM has the capability to precisely track the crack propagation problems. Several numerical examples are investigated to verify the accurate, convergence rate and robustness of the present LSMM.Originality/valueThis study provides an accurate and efficient meshfree method for simulating crack growth.
Membrane Activity of LL-37 Derived Antimicrobial Peptides against Enterococcus hirae: Superiority of SAAP-148 over OP-145

The development of antimicrobial agents against multidrug-resistant bacteria is an important medical challenge. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), human cathelicidin LL-37 and its derivative OP-145, possess a potent antimicrobial activity and were under consideration for clinical trials. In order to overcome some of the challenges to their therapeutic potential, a very promising AMP, SAAP-148 was designed. Here, we studied the mode of action of highly cationic SAAP-148 in comparison with OP-145 on membranes of Enterococcus hirae at both cellular and molecular levels using model membranes composed of major constituents of enterococcal membranes, that is, anionic phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and cardiolipin (CL). In all assays used, SAAP-148 was consistently more efficient than OP-145, but both peptides displayed pronounced time and concentration dependences in killing bacteria and performing at the membrane. At cellular level, Nile Red-staining of enterococcal membranes showed abnormalities and cell shrinkage, which is also reflected in depolarization and permeabilization of E. hirae membranes. At the molecular level, both peptides abolished the thermotropic phase transition and induced disruption of PG/CL. Interestingly, the membrane was disrupted before the peptides neutralized the negative surface charge of PG/CL. Our results demonstrate that SAAP-148, which kills bacteria at a significantly lower concentration than OP-145, shows stronger effects on membranes at the cellular and molecular levels.