Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Futuristic First Responders

responding to the WHO questionnaire were grouped. Questions not similar on either questionnaire were not considered for analysis. Responses on the WHO questionnaire were categorized into 3 levels: due for review, under progress, and completed. Scores were assigned for the 3 categories of responses as follows: “due for review” as 1, “under progress” as 2, and “completed” as 3. Responses on the PAHO questionnaire were categorized into 3 levels: low, average, and high. Likewise, scores were assigned for the 3 categories of responses on an ordinal level with “low” as 1, “average” as 2, and “high” as 3.
How to Share Secret Efficiently over Networks

In a secret-sharing scheme, the secret is shared among a set of shareholders, and it can be reconstructed if a quorum of these shareholders work together by releasing their secret shares. However, in many applications, it is undesirable for nonshareholders to learn the secret. In these cases, pairwise secure channels are needed among shareholders to exchange the shares. In other words, a shared key needs to be established between every pair of shareholders. But employing an additional key establishment protocol may make the secret-sharing schemes significantly more complicated. To solve this problem, we introduce a new type of secret-sharing, called protected secret-sharing (PSS), in which the shares possessed by shareholders not only can be used to reconstruct the original secret but also can be used to establish the shared keys between every pair of shareholders. Therefore, in the secret reconstruction phase, the recovered secret is only available to shareholders but not to nonshareholders. In this paper, an information theoretically secure PSS scheme is proposed, its security properties are analyzed, and its computational complexity is evaluated. Moreover, our proposed PSS scheme also can be applied to threshold cryptosystems to prevent nonshareholders from learning the output of the protocols.
Cerebral haemodynamic response to somatosensory stimulation in near‐term fetal sheep

Cerebral haemodynamic response to neural stimulation has been extensively investigated in animal and clinical studies, in both adult and paediatric populations, but little is known about cerebral haemodynamic functional response in the fetal brain. The present study describes the cerebral haemodynamic response measured by near‐infrared spectroscopy to somatosensory stimulation in fetal sheep. The cerebral haemodynamic response in the fetal sheep brain changes from a positive (increase in oxyhaemoglobin (oxyHb)) response pattern to a negative or biphasic response pattern when the duration of somatosensory stimulation is increased, probably due to cerebral vasoconstriction with prolonged stimulations. In contrast to adult studies, we have found that changes in fetal cerebral blood flow and oxyHb are positively increased in response to somatosensory stimulation during hypercapnia. We propose this is related to reduced vascular resistance and recruitment of cerebral vasculature in the fetal brain during hypercapnia.
Hydrodynamic radius coincides with the slip plane position in the electrokinetic behavior of lysozyme

The zeta potential (ζ) is the effective charge energy of a solvated protein, describing the magnitude of electrostatic interactions in solution. It is commonly used in the assessment of adsorption processes and dispersion stability. Predicting ζ from molecular structure would be useful to the structure‐based molecular design of drugs, proteins, and other molecules that hold charge‐dependent function while remaining suspended in solution. One challenge in predicting ζ is identifying the location of the slip plane (XSP), a distance from the protein surface where ζ is theoretically defined. This study tests the hypothesis that the XSP can be estimated by the Stokes–Einstein hydrodynamic radius (Rh), using globular hen egg white lysozyme as a model system. Although the XSP and Rh differ in their theoretical definitions, with the XSP being the position of the ζ during electrokinetic phenomena (e.g., electrophoresis) and the Rh being a radius pertaining to the edge of solvation during diffusion, they both represent the point where water and ions no longer adhere to a molecule. This work identifies the limited range of ionic strengths in which the XSP can be determined using diffusivity measurements and the Stokes–Einstein equation. In addition, a computational protocol is developed for determining the ζ from a protein crystal structure. At low ionic strengths, a hyperdiffusivity regime exists, requiring direct measurement of electrophoretic mobility to determine ζ. This work, therefore, supports a basic tenant of EDL theory that the electric double layer during diffusion and electrophoresis are equivalent in the Stokes–Einstein regime.
Ibrutinib Therapy Increases T Cell Repertoire Diversity in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

The Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib is a highly effective, new targeted therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) that thwarts leukemia cell survival, growth, and tissue homing. The effects of ibrutinib treatment on the T cell compartment, which is clonally expanded and thought to support the growth of malignant B cells in CLL, are not fully characterized. Using next-generation sequencing technology, we characterized the diversity of TCRβ-chains in peripheral blood T cells from 15 CLL patients before and after 1 y of ibrutinib therapy. We noted elevated CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers and a restricted TCRβ repertoire in all pretreatment samples. After 1 y of ibrutinib therapy, elevated peripheral blood T cell numbers and T cell–related cytokine levels had normalized, and T cell repertoire diversity increased significantly. Dominant TCRβ clones in pretreatment samples declined or became undetectable, and the number of productive unique clones increased significantly during ibrutinib therapy, with the emergence of large numbers of low-frequency TCRβ clones. Importantly, broader TCR repertoire diversity was associated with clinical efficacy and lower rates of infections during ibrutinib therapy. These data demonstrate that ibrutinib therapy increases diversification of the T cell compartment in CLL patients, which contributes to cellular immune reconstitution.
Intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating machinery using locally connected restricted boltzmann machine in big data era

In intelligent fault diagnosis, unsupervised feature learning is a potential tool to replace the manual feature extraction in big data era. Therefore, we first develop a locally connected restricted Boltzmann machine (LCRBM) from the traditional RBM in order to handle the periodic appearance of fault characteristics in the raw signals of rotating machinery. Then, using LCRBM, we propose a method for intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. In the method, LCRBM is used to obtain features directly from raw signals. Based on the features learned by LCRBM, the method uses softmax regression to recognize faults. The proposed method is verified by the dataset of locomotive bearings and its superiority is demonstrated by the comparison with methods using the traditional RBM and eighteen widely used manual features. Results indicate that the proposed method is able to automatically learn fine features from raw signals of rotating machinery and achieves higher diagnosis accuracies.
Molecular analysis of antimicrobial-susceptible and -resistant Escherichia coli from retail meats and human stool and clinical specimens in a rural community setting.

BACKGROUND Foodborne antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli may colonize and cause infections in humans, but definitive proof is elusive and supportive evidence is limited. METHODS Approximately contemporaneous antimicrobial-resistant (n = 181) and antimicrobial-susceptible (n = 159) E. coli isolates from retail meats and from human stool and clinical specimens from a single rural U.S. community were compared for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-defined phylogenetic group (A, B1, B2, or D) and virulence genotype. Meat and human isolates from the same phylogenetic group with similar virulence profiles underwent sequential two-locus sequence analysis, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. RESULTS According to phylogenetic distribution, resistant stool isolates were more similar to resistant meat isolates than to susceptible stool isolates. Overall, 19% of meat isolates satisfied molecular criteria for extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Nine sequence groups included meat and human isolates, and 17 of these 64 isolates demonstrated >80% RAPD profile similarity to an isolate from the alternate source group (meat vs. human). However, PFGE profiles of the 17 isolates were unique, excepting two stool isolates from the same household. CONCLUSION Nearly 20% of meat-source resistant E. coli represented ExPEC. The observed molecular similarity of certain meat and human-source E. coli isolates, including antimicrobial-resistant and potentially pathogenic strains, supports possible foodborne transmission.
Organization of the turtle thalamus: visual, somatic and tectal zones.

On the basis of electrophysiological experiments performed on turtles (Emys orbicularis, Testudo horsfieldi), the thalamus was subdivided into three zones: lateral, predominantly visual; ventral, predominantly somato-sensory; and medio-central. Morphological experiments with the use of different methods of silver impregnation (Bielschowsky, Nauta, Fink-Heimer) showed that all three thalamic zones received direct afferents from the optic tectum, their density being maximal in the n. rotundus (medio-central zone), moderate in n. GL(v) (lateral zone) and lowest in structures of the ventral zone. Different patterns of evoked potentials (EP) and single unit activity could be recorded in each of these structures after stimulation of the optic tectum. In the lateral zone n. GL adjoining the tr. tecto-thalamicus proved to be a relay station forwarding the short latency impulses from the optic tectum and optic nerve to the forebrain. Later impulses coming from the retina (via optic tectum) and elicited by stimulation of the optic tectum were found to be relayed in the n. rotundus. The ventral zone structures appeared to relay somatic impulses and to exert the predominant influence upon the latest components of flash-evoked and tectally elicited EP in the general cortex. Total bilateral ablation of the optic tectum 1.5–2 months before acute experiments did not abolish functioning of the visual geniculo-cortical and somatic thalamo-cortical systems but produced a dramatic depression of evoked visual activity in the n. rotundus. It is concluded that the influence of the optic tectum on the formation and progressive development of the thalamo-telencephalic systems in the course of the evolution was exerted via two main routes: through the thalamic structures involved in the visual and somatic projection systems to the telencephalon, and through the specialized tecto-thalamic system devoid of direct afferent input (the medio-central zone, mainly the n. rotundus). The latter represents a most important brain system, probably combining modulatory and primitive associative functions.
Annotated mitochondrial genome assemblies for two sand lances (genus: Ammodytes) from the northwest Atlantic

Abstract Complete mitochondrial genomes of two northwest Atlantic sand lances (Ammodytes americanus and Ammodytes dubius) were sequenced, assembled, and annotated. Both genomes were 16 519 bp in length and were differentiated by a genetic distance of only 0.01. Furthermore, mitochondrial gene annotations were identical for both species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that divergence between the two species was shallow, relative to other members of the genus.
Interleukin-4 mediates the analgesia produced by low-intensity exercise in mice with neuropathic pain

Abstract Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) activates the immune system, resulting in increased proinflammatory cytokines at the site of injury and in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Exercise modulates the immune system promoting an anti-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages in uninjured muscle, and increases in anti-inflammatory cytokines can promote healing and analgesia. We proposed that PNI will decrease, and treadmill exercise will increase, release of anti-inflammatory cytokines at the site of injury and in the spinal cord. We show that 2 weeks of treadmill exercise improves neuropathic pain behaviors in mice: mechanical hyperalgesia, escape and avoidance behavior, and spontaneous locomotor activity. Peripheral nerve injury reduced anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-4 [IL-4], IL-1ra, and IL-5) at the site of nerve injury and in the spinal dorsal horn, whereas exercise restored IL-4, IL-1ra, and IL-5 concentrations to preinjury levels. IL4−/− mice and mice treated with IL-4 antibody did not develop analgesia to treadmill exercise. Using immunohistochemical staining of the sciatic nerve, treadmill exercise increased the percentage of M2 macrophages (secretes anti-inflammatory cytokines) and decreased M1 macrophages (secretes proinflammatory cytokines) when compared with sedentary mice. The increased M2 and decreased M1 macrophages in exercised mice did not occur in IL-4−/− mice. In the spinal cord, PNI increased glial cell activation, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and &bgr;-nerve growth factor levels, and decreased IL-4 and IL-1ra levels, whereas treadmill exercise suppressed glial cells activation (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Iba1 immunoreactivity), reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor and &bgr;-nerve growth factor, and increased IL-4, IL-1ra, and IL-5 concentrations. Our results suggest that IL-4 mediates the analgesia produced by low-intensity exercise by modulating peripheral and central neuroimmune responses in mice with neuropathic pain.
Research on Multi Agent Manufacturing Process Optimization Method Based on QPSO

Under the "China Manufacturing 2025" puts forward, manufacturing industry is in urgent need of transformation, and the production scheduling is on the premise of the interests of the energy conservation and emissions reduction, rely on scientific and technological innovation, reduce the emissions of pollutants, this article from the perspective of multi-agent system(MAS), combined with Matlab, build a manufacturing process optimization system based on QPSO, communication between each agent by QPSO algorithm, real-time regulating energy data, in order to better achieve the goal of energy conservation and emissions reduction.
Developing Adaptive Treatment Strategies to Address Suicidal Risk in College Students: A Pilot Sequential, Multiple Assignment, Randomized Trial (SMART)

This pilot study investigated the potential to utilize adaptive treatment strategies for treating moderate to severe suicidal risk among college students. This article will describe the unique study design and report on feasibility and acceptability findings. A 2-stage Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) was conducted: In Stage 1, 62 suicidal college students were randomized to either a suicide-focused or a treatment-as-usual condition (4–8 weeks). Those deemed insufficient responders were re-randomized to one of two Stage 2 interventions—both suicide-focused but one comprehensive and multimodal and the other flexible and theoretically agnostic (4–16 additional weeks). Recruitment rates were high, treatment dropout levels were lower than expected for the setting, study dropouts were rare, and counselors were able to deliver suicide-focused approaches with fidelity. Treatment satisfaction was high among clients and moderately high among counselors. Findings from this pilot show that a SMART is highly feasible and acceptable to suicidal college students, counselors, and campuses.
Routing in opportunistic networks: Taxonomy, survey

The accelerated growth of wireless communication such as personal digital assistants, tablets, smart phones, that are carried by the people may arrange themselves in to a special network for the communication of messages. The moving nodes communicate with the nearby nodes using node contact opportunity through Wi-Fi or blue tooth. These nodes suffer from frequent disconnections. The network with frequent disconnections is known as opportunistic network or intermittently connected network. It is a unique wireless network architecture which enables the mobile nodes to have communication with each other in environment where there is no continuous route exists between source and destination. Such networks espouse store-carry-forward habit for the message transfer and utilize mobility of moving nodes for message communication. These networks are featured with network topology which is unstable and also long latency. Routing requires the nearby neighborhood nodes information for the message transfer. Depending on the routing action, we categorize routing schemes as social aware information schemes and social zero information schemes. The schemes such as social zero information do not require any past information of the nodes behavior. Subject to the content of information, social aware schemes are furthermore categorized as microscopic and macroscopic schemes. Microscopic schemes utilize mobile user's movement. Whereas macroscopic schemes have integrated social relationship with the mobile user's movement. We explicate about the routing solutions for the microscopic and macroscopic schemes. Additionally we briefly discussed evaluations in routing schemes.
Regulation of collagen and hyaluronate formation in human synovial fibroblast cultures.

Abstract Development of a method permitting quantitative analysis of tissue culture medium for protein-bound hydroxyproline led to the detection of large amounts of soluble collagen formed by human synovial fibroblasts. The soluble collagen was found in greatest concentration in media from mature cultures where deposition of fibrous collagen was in process. Viscometric studies revealed intrinsic viscosity values in excess of 11.0 dl. per gram, suggesting a molecular weight similar to undegraded collagen. Ascorbic acid, 200 μg per milliliter of culture medium, markedly enhanced formation of hyaluronic acid without evidence of a depolymerizing effect. Both soluble and fibrous collagen formation in cultures of synovial fibroblasts were greatly enhanced by ascorbate. Cortisol, on the other hand, markedly depressed formation of hyaluronate, fibrous, and soluble collagen, even in the presence of the stimulatory vitamin. This cell culture system may be a valuable model for studying factors regulating the transition between the soluble and fibrous forms of collagen in living systems.
Comparison of Stimulated Growth Hormone Levels in Primed versus Unprimed Provocative Tests

Objective: To show the importance of priming prior to growth hormone (GH) stimulation tests in the diagnosis of GH deficiency, the effect of different doses and schedules of testosterone (T) on GH levels. Patients and Methods: Eighty-four prepubertal and early pubertal boys whose heights were 2 SD below the mean and height velocities <4 cm per year and who failed in GH stimulation tests were included in the study. The boys were divided into two groups: the first group consisting of 41 boys was primed with 62.5 mg/m2 (low dose testosterone – LDT) and the second group consisting of 43 boys with 125 mg/m2 depot testosterone (conventional dose testosterone – CDT) intramuscularly 1 week before the stimulation test. Twenty-one boys out of 36 who failed in GH stimulation tests after one dose T injection were treated with three doses of 62.5 mg/m2 T (multiple dose testosterone – MDT) injections monthly and retested. Results: The GH levels increased from 4.80 ± 2.78 to 11.50 ± 8.84 ng/ml and from 4.76 ± 2.46 to 12.98 ± 8.30 ng/ml by priming with LDT and CDT respectively. The increment of mean GH levels by both LDT and CDT were found to be similar (p = 0.443). The peak GH levels were found to be elevated >10 ng/ml in 22/41 (54%) and 26/43 (60%) who received LDT and CDT respectively (p = 0.528). The mean GH level of 21 boys who received MDT was increased from 5.38 ± 2.50 ng/ml (by priming with one dose T) to 10.19 ± 6.13 ng/ml (p = 0.004). Twelve (57%) of 21 boys who received MDT responded to GH stimulation test >10 ng/ml. The T level increased from 0.71 ± 0.97 to 4.54 ± 2.80 ng/ml by LDT (p < 0.001) and from 0.65 ± 0.71 to 7.18 ± 3.18 ng/ml by CDT (p < 0.001). The increment of T level was higher by CDT than LDT (p = 0.001). There was no correlation between T and peak GH levels after priming. Conclusion: LDT is as effective as CDT in priming of GH stimulation tests. The ones who failed in GH stimulation tests after one dose T injection can be primed with MDT. The stimulated GH level after priming was related neither to the plasma level of T nor the dose of T.
A role for falcilysin in transit peptide degradation in the Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast

Falcilysin (FLN) is a zinc metalloprotease thought to degrade globin peptides in the acidic vacuole of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The enzyme has been found to have acidic or neutral pH optima on different peptides and to have additional distribution outside the food vacuole. These data suggested that FLN has an additional function in the parasite. To further probe the functions of FLN, we created a transgenic parasite clone expressing a chromosomally encoded FLN‐GFP fusion. Unexpectedly, FLN was found in the apicoplast, an essential chloroplast‐like organelle. Nuclear encoded apicoplast proteins are targeted to the organelle by a bipartite N‐terminal sequence comprised of a signal sequence followed by a positively charged transit peptide domain. Free transit peptides are thought to be toxic to the plastid and need to be rapidly degraded after proteolytic release from proproteins. We hypothesized that FLN may participate in transit peptide degradation in the apicoplast based on its preference for basic residues at neutral pH and on phylogenetic comparison with other M16 family metalloproteases. In vitro cleavage by FLN of the transit peptide from the apicoplast‐resident acyl carrier protein supports this idea. The importance of FLN for parasite development is suggested by our inability to truncate the chromosomal FLN open reading frame. Our work indicates that FLN is an attractive target for antimalarial development.
Joint L2,1 Norm and Fisher Discrimination Constrained Feature Selection for Rational Synthesis of Microporous Aluminophosphates

Feature selection has been regarded as an effective tool to help researchers understand the generating process of data. For mining the synthesis mechanism of microporous AlPOs, this paper proposes a novel feature selection method by joint l2,1 norm and Fisher discrimination constraints (JNFDC). In order to obtain more effective feature subset, the proposed method can be achieved in two steps. The first step is to rank the features according to sparse and discriminative constraints. The second step is to establish predictive model with the ranked features, and select the most significant features in the light of the contribution of improving the predictive accuracy. To the best of our knowledge, JNFDC is the first work which employs the sparse representation theory to explore the synthesis mechanism of six kinds of pore rings. Numerical simulations demonstrate that our proposed method can select significant features affecting the specified structural property and improve the predictive accuracy. Moreover, comparison results show that JNFDC can obtain better predictive performances than some other state‐of‐the‐art feature selection methods.