Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Waste Cotton Linter: A Renewable Environment-Friendly Biomass Based Carbon Fibers Preparation

As a high performance fiber material, carbon fibers are practically important in various applications. Traditional methods for the preparation of carbon fibers are based on fossil fuels using poly(acrylonitrile) and mesophase pitch as starting materials. The preparation of carbon fibers based on renewable low cost biomass is an alternative and sustainable approach in green chemistry. Herein, an environmentally friendly low cost approach is established to prepare carbon fibers from waste cotton linter though the CarbaCell method using a wet-spinning technology and carbonization process. Crude cellulose carbamate (CC) fibers and one treated with dibasic ammonium phosphate (DAP) were investigated by TGA and DTG. The prepared carbon fibers were characterized with SEM, IR, and contact angle measurements. Thermal behavior analysis indicated that the carbon yield increased by 133% with the use of DAP as impregnant. The SEM images showed these carbon fibers had a relatively smooth surface and approximately round .
Antibacterial activity of Lippia alba, Myrcia lundianaand Ocimum basilicumessential oils against six food-spoiling pathogenic microorganisms

The aim of this study was to undertake a screening experiment on essential oils (EO) of Myrcia lundiana, Ocimum basilicum and Lippia alba against six food-spoiling pathogenic bacteria. Seventy-two (72) samples were initially analyzed for antimicrobial activity based on the agar diffusion test. The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations were determined for the 12 samples which showed greatest antimicrobial potential in this stage. Two samples of L. alba, three samples of M. lundiana and seven samples of O. basilicum showed a MIC of 0.12-125 μL/mL for the six tested bacteria. Of these, the EO of O. basilicum cultivar Maria Bonita stood out with the lowest MIC and MBC. Thus, a mixture simulating this essential oil was prepared from commercial standards of the compounds (±)-linalool, geraniol and 1,8-cineole. Significantly higher MIC and MBC were detected in the simulation compared to the respective EO, suggesting a synergistic effectbetween compounds.
Machine Learning Its Applications, Challenges & Tools: A Review﻿

: Nowadays, a huge amount of data is readily available. As a result, analysing this data in order to obtain any useful information and developing an algorithm based on this analysis is critical. Data mining and machine learning can be used to accomplish this. Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that is used to create algorithms based on data patterns and historical data relationships. Machine learning is an area that spans many disciplines. The various applications of machine learning, the needs of machine learning, the various techniques used by machine learning, the various types of problem solving approaches, and the challenges that machine learning faces are all discussed in this paper.
Preparation and characterization of PVDF/TiO 2 composite ultrafiltration membranes using mixed solvents

) Abstract. To study the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles on membrane performance and structure and to explore possible improvement of using mixed solvents in the casting solution, composite polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes were prepared via immersion precipitation method using a mixture of two solvents triethyl phosphate (TEP) and dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and addition of TiO 2 nanoparticles. Properties of the neat and composite membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle and membrane porosity measurements. The neat and composite membranes were further investigated in terms of BSA rejection and flux decline in cross flow filtration experiments. Following hydrophilicity improvement of the PVDF membrane by addition of 0.25 wt. % TiO 2 , (from 70.53° to 60.5°) degree of flux decline due to irreversible fouling resistance of the composite membrane reduced significantly and the flux recovery ratio (FRR) of 96.85% was obtained. The results showed that using mixed solvents (DMAc/TEP) with lower content of TiO 2 nanoparticles (0.25 wt.%) affected the sedimentation rate of nanoparticles and consequently the distribution of nanoparticles in the casting solution and membrane formation which influenced the properties of the ultimate composite
An Investigation of the Use of Rapeseed Oil in Agricultural Tractors as Engine Oil

In this study, as engine oil canola (rapeseed-00 oil), which is vegetable oil based and biodegradable, was used. This investigation was performed in Turk Motor Company (TÜMOSAN), 34 kW diesel engines with 3 cylinders as the motor was used. As a mineral oil, Turkish Petroleum Office (Petrol Ofisi) 20 W/50 and canola were tested for 50 h each, and the values of kinematics viscosity, viscosity index, flash point, and total base number about engine oils were determined in the laboratory. In addition, during the study engine performance values, oil temperature, and oil pressure were measured, and engine emission values were also measured when using different types of oil. Then the values measured were compared for each engine oil. At the end of the analysis in the laboratory, viscosity value of Petrol Ofisi 20 W50 mineral oil was 527.3 Redwood second, viscosity of rapeseed oil-00 was 140 Redwood second and the density of both oils was measured as orderly 0.856 and 0.857 g/cm3.
The Relationship of Sustainability Communication on Social Media with Banking Consumers’ Loyalty through e-WOM

Prior literature has largely addressed corporate social responsibility (CSR) from outcomes related to organizational themes. However, its importance for achieving consumer-related outcomes is something that has been largely ignored by contemporary researchers. Likewise, how CSR communication through social media can create positive emotions on the part of consumers has to date been under-explored. Hence, the present study aims to fill these gaps by investigating the impact of CSR communication of an organization through social media on consumer loyalty. The study also proposes electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) as a potential mediator between this relationship. The proposed model of the present study was tested in the banking sector of a developing country. The data were collected from a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed through the structural equation modeling technique (SEM). The results of the present study validated that CSR communication of a bank through social media directly and indirectly, through e-WOM, influences consumer loyalty in a positive manner. The results of the present study will be helpful for policymakers to better understand how well-planned CSR communication of an organization on social media can lead towards better consumer-related outcomes such as consumer loyalty and e-WOM.
Impact of Income on Life Expectancy: A Challenge for the Pension Policy

The aim of this paper is to present life expectancy of both genders depending on their income and to determine the impact of a possible regularity on the state pension policy. The study was based on the income of pensioners in Poland (over 5 million people receiving old-age pension). The results obtained made it possible to formulate several important conclusions: the rich live longer; the impact of income on life expectancy is much stronger among men than women; and with age, income has less and less impact on life expectancy. Consequently, in the capital model that is in force in Poland, the state should take this fact into account in its pension policy when calculating the amount of the benefit.
Plasticization of PVC: Covalently linked plasticizers using thermal or copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions

Author(s): Earla, Aruna | Advisor(s): Braslau, Rebecca; Singaram, Bakthan | Abstract: One of the most effective approaches to avoid migration of plasticizer from PVC material is to covalently attach the plasticizer to the polymer. In this thesis the plasticizers are attached to PVC using (2+3) azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions. In the first approach, PVC was modified by covalently linking triazole anologue of the most common phthalate plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl phthalate) (DEHP). Copper-free azide-alkyne (2+3) cycloaddition reaction of PVC-azide with electron-poor acetylene dicarboxylate is utilized to modify PVC. The glass transition temperature of the modified PVC was lower than the glass transition temperature of the unmodified PVC indicating successful plasticization. The derivatives of DEHP are covalently bonded to PVC using either thermal or copper-catalyzed (2+3) azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. Two DEHP derivatives bearing a tether ending with a terminal alkyne were synthesized and covalently bonded to PVC. The derivative with ether-alkyne undergoes cycloaddition with PVC-azide under copper-catalyzed conditions whereas ester-alkyne derivative undergoes Huisgen thermal cycloaddition. The investigation of glass transition temperatures of these modified PVC samples indicate that the ether-alkyne derivative is more efficient in imparting plasticization to PVC compared to ester-alkyne derivative. Although bulk of this thesis work is on the plasticization of PVC, a part of this thesis deals with the synthesis and spin-trapping properties of polymer-supported trifluoromethylated cyclic nitrones for the detection of free radicals on the aerosol particles. Polystyrene tethered with fluorinated nitrone spin-trap is used as a solid phase in the continuous flow NMR and EPR study of free radicals. Three fluorinated alkoxyamine initiators are synthesized and used to study the effect of adding carbon dioxide-philic fluorinated fragment in the nitroxide-mediated precipitation polymerizations of styrene in supercritical carbon dioxide. Two alkoxyamines have fluorinated functional handles built on the nitroxide part of the alkoxyamine whereas the third initiator has fluorinated functional handle on the benzyl-initiating fragment of the alkoxyamine. The partitioning of fluorinated nitroxide derivatives in supercritical carbon dioxide impacts on the controlled/living character and broadening of the molecular weight distributions but does not have any significant effect on the rate of precipitation polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide.
BARRIERS AND CHALLENGES FOR PRIMARY CARE SERVICE IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The Covid-19 pandemic is such a barrier for health systems around the world including Indonesia. Primary care is the first-line in controlling the pandemic at the community level, but there are many barriers and challenges faced by doctors during the service that are not fully recognized. This aims to distinguish barriers and challenges in health centers and / clinics amid the COVID-19 widespread. This study uses qualitative with a phenomenological approach. As much 44 health centers / clinical specialists who were interviewed in October 2020. The data were at that point prepared using the categorization method / coding and content analysis. There were three themes related to the barriers and challenges confronted by specialists in health centers / clinics, specifically barriers and challenges based on service management, environment, and individuals. The barriers and challenges confronted are related to changes within the consultation flow, a diminished within the number of patient visits, limited supplies of PPE, patient states of mind and behavior within the confront of a pandemic as well as progressively heavier burdens and duties for doctors. It is necessary to provide specific, valid, and right-on-target knowledge in improving community behavior in efforts to prevent COVID-19 infection and the important role of the government to be more concerned about the future of health workers.
Microwave-Assisted Regioselective Suzuki Coupling of 2,4-Dichloropyrimidines with Aryl and Heteroaryl Boronic Acids

Suzuki coupling reaction has been often used for the preparation of a diverse set of substituted pyrimidines. In this study, the Suzuki coupling of 2,4-dichloropyrimidines with aryl and heteroaryl boronic acids was investigated. A thorough screening of reaction conditions and the use of microwave irradiation led to a very efficient and straightforward synthetic procedure providing C4-substituted pyrimidines in good to excellent yields. Short reaction time (15 min) and extremely low catalyst loading (0.5 mol%) are the main advantages of our tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) catalyzed microwave-assisted procedure, which could be used for quick and low-cost regioselective preparation of substituted pyrimidine rings.
Generation of runaway electrons during the thermal quench in tokamaks

This work provides a systematic description of electron kinetics during impurity dominated thermal quenches. A Fokker–Planck equation for the hot electrons and a power balance equation for the bulk plasma are solved self-consistently, with impurity radiation as the dominant energy loss mechanism. We find that runaway production is facilitated by heavy injection of impurities up to prompt conversion of the total current into a sub-MeV runaway current. We also find that runaway formation is less efficient in plasmas with high pre-quench temperatures and predict significant radial variation of the runaway seed in such plasmas.
A systematic review of the literature on transnational caregiving: immigrant adult children to ageing parents in home country

ABSTRACT Research on the effects of globalization and immigration on family relationships has focused on younger families. Few studies have addressed the issue of immigrant adult children caring for their ageing parents in their home country. The purpose of this article was to review the empirical evidence on transnational caregiving to ageing parents and summarize identified themes. Using search terms specific to transnational caregiving, a database search resulted in 25 articles. All were published since 2000, reflecting the limited attention given to transnational elder care. Eight themes were identified: cohort and life cycle factors and political context; economic factors; cultural factors; identity of immigrants; gender roles; resistance to institutional care; economic and emotional costs of care; and use of technology. Despite the high economic and emotional costs, immigrant adult children aimed to care for their ageing parents in their home country fulfiling their filial responsibility and confirming their ethnic identity. Remittances to family of origin helped reducing immigrant adult children's guilt. Men were increasingly involved with care by using technology. Although the included studies were limited to immigrants pursuing economic opportunities in a small number of countries, overall, immigrant adult children displayed creativity in how they managed caregiving across national borders.
Prey and predator density‐dependent interactions under different water volumes

Abstract Predation is a critical ecological process that directly and indirectly mediates population stabilities, as well as ecosystem structure and function. The strength of interactions between predators and prey may be mediated by multiple density dependences concerning numbers of predators and prey. In temporary wetland ecosystems in particular, fluctuating water volumes may alter predation rates through differing search space and prey encounter rates. Using a functional response approach, we examined the influence of predator and prey densities on interaction strengths of the temporary pond specialist copepod Lovenula raynerae preying on cladoceran prey, Daphnia pulex, under contrasting water volumes. Further, using a population dynamic modeling approach, we quantified multiple predator effects across differences in prey density and water volume. Predators exhibited type II functional responses under both water volumes, with significant antagonistic multiple predator effects (i.e., antagonisms) exhibited overall. The strengths of antagonistic interactions were, however, enhanced under reduced water volumes and at intermediate prey densities. These findings indicate important biotic and abiotic contexts that mediate predator–prey dynamics, whereby multiple predator effects are contingent on both prey density and search area characteristics. In particular, reduced search areas (i.e., water volumes) under intermediate prey densities could enhance antagonisms by heightening predator–predator interference effects.
Long Run and Short Run Linkages Between Credit and Output: An Appraisal of the Districts of West Bengal in India

An appropriate link between the financial sector and real sector is required to have a balanced growth and development of a country as well as its regional levels particularly for the countries whose financial developments are not being saturated. In the present study, the authors have examined whether there are long run equilibrium relation between financial development (proxied by commercial bank credit) and real sector's development (proxied by net district domestic products) and short run causations for the districts of the state of West Bengal in India for the period 1993-2014. Applying the Engel-Granger cointegration and Granger causality approaches, the study reveals that there are cointegrating relations between credit and domestic products of the 13 districts out of which errors are corrected for 10 districts. Further, there are unilateral causal relations between the variables in nine districts with 11 producing no such causal relations. The study thus prescribes for strengthening the two sectors' developments so that there can be appropriate linkages between credit and output across the district levels in the longer runs.
Two-dimensional electron density measurement of pulsed positive primary streamer discharge in atmospheric-pressure air

Elucidating the electron density of streamer discharges propagating in atmospheric-pressure air is critical for achieving a systematic understanding of the production mechanisms of reactive species. Using Shack–Hartmann-type laser wavefront sensors with a temporal resolution of 2 ns, we carried out single-shot two-dimensional electron density measurements for positive primary streamers generated in a 13 mm air gap between pin-to-plate electrodes. The electron density over the positive primary streamers decayed from 1015 to 1014cm−3 during the propagation. The decay time constant of the electron density in the primary streamer channels was estimated to be ∼2 ns. The distribution widths of the electron density were in good agreement with those of the light emission, typically ranging from 0.8 to 1.5 mm.
Phytochemical analysis and In-vitro Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal Activity of Verbascum arianthum (Benth)

The current research work is to investigate phytochemicals profile of Verbascum arianthum and antimicrobial activity of crude extract. The results showed that Verbascum arianthum contains various important phytochemical like, Flavonoids, Phenols, Quinones, Steroids, Saponins, Tannins, alkaloids, Carbohydrates and Cumarine. To check the antimicrobial activity four bacterial strains as, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used following agar-well diffusion method. The observed results showed highly significant ant-bacterial activity and among the different extract the leaves methanolic extract are better than stem and root extract against our tested bacterial stains. The extract also tested for antifungal activity and result indicated that the leaves and stem methnolic extract showed highly significant antifungal activity against Aspergilus Niger. Previously the others species of genus Verbescum were screened and found potential antimicrobial activities but Verbascum arianthum was not studied previously so this is the first report on the pharmacognostic studies of Verbascum arianthum and is helpful in the characterization of the crude drug.
Surface-Enhanced Circular Dichroism of Oriented Chiral Molecules by Plasmonic Nanostructures

We present a rigorous finite element method to calculate circular dichroism (CD) in various systems consisting of nanostructures and oriented chiral molecules with electric quadrupole transitions. The interaction between oriented molecule materials, which are regarded as anisotropic chiral media, and metallic nanostructures has been investigated. Our results show that the plasmon-induced CD is sensitive to the orientations of the molecules. In many cases, the contribution of molecular electric quadrupole transitions to the total CD signal can play a key role. More interesting, we have demonstrated that both the quadrupole- and dipole-based CD signals can be improved greatly by matching the phases for the electromagnetic fields and their gradients at different regions around the nanostructures, which are occupied by the oriented chiral molecules. Different regions might produce CD of opposite sign. When integrating over regions with only one side of the proposed nanostructure, we find that the CD peak may .
Development of Somaclones through Callus Culture in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Variety Gujarat Methi-2

Background: Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) a widespread aromatic herb, holds an important place in Indian traditional medicine system. A fenugreek or methi seed commonly used to flavour food contains various alkaloids, different saponins and fixed oil content. The steroidal nature of natural saponins has high market potential as alternative to Dioscore species, the current declining resource of commercial saponins. The current experiment designed to induce and identify somaclone variants of fenugreek resistant to powdery mildew, rich in saponins and fixed oil content with acceptable yield.Methods: Seeds of fenugreek var. Gujarat Methi-2 (GM-2) were used for in vitro regeneration during 2019 laboratory experiment. Explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D and NAA. The induced calluses were further transferred in to the regenerated semi solid MS medium with various levels of BAP for the development of calliclones. For root induction, shoots were transferred in White’s rooting media with different concentrations of Indole Acetic Acid.Result: Our experimental findings shows induction and detection of somaclonal variants, as a possible source of genetic improvement in fenugreek with limited information on genetic diversity. This approach could generate new genotypes useful to pharmaceutical industries with competitive yield and resistance to powdery mildew.
EEG signal classification for drowsiness detection using wavelet transform and support vector machine

There are several categories to detect and measure driver drowsiness such as physiological methods, subjective methods and behavioral methods. The most objective method for drowsiness detection is the physiological method. One of the physiological methods used is an electroencephalogram (EEG). In this research wavelet transform is used as a feature extraction and using support vector machine (SVM) as a classifier. We proposed an experiment of retrieval data which is designed by using modified-EAR and EEG signal. From the SVM training process, with the 5-fold cross validation, Quadratic kernel has the highest accuracy 84.5% then others. In testing Driving-2 process 7 respondents were detected as drowsiness class, and 3 respondents were detected as awake class. In the testing of Driving-3 process, 6 respondents were detected as drowsiness class, and 4 respondents were detected as awake class.