Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serum Cystatin C as a Biomarker for Early Diabetic Kidney Disease and Dyslipidemia in Young Type 1 Diabetes Patients

Background and objectives: This study aimed to assess the clinical significance of serum cystatin C in the early diagnosis of renal injury and its association with dyslipidemia in young T1D patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 779 subjects were evaluated for kidney function by estimating glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on serum creatinine (eGFRcreat) and cystatin C (eGFRcys). Results: The median age of study subjects was 16.2 years (2.1;26.4), diabetes duration—5.3 years (0.51;24.0). The median of HbA1c was 8% (5.2;19.9) (64 mmol/mol (33.3;194)); 24.2% of participants had HbA1c < 7% (53 mmol/mol). Elevated albumin excretion rate was found in 13.5% of subjects. The median of cystatin C was 0.8 mg/L (0.33;1.71), the median of creatinine—63 µmol/L (6;126). The median of eGFRcys was lower than eGFRcreat (92 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs. 101 mL/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.001). A total of 30.2% of all patients were classified as having worse kidney function when using cystatin C vs. creatinine for eGFR calculation. Linear correlations were found between cystatin C and HbA1c, r = −0.088, p < 0.05, as well as cystatin C and HDL, r = −0.097, p < 0.01. Conclusions: This study showed that cystatin C might be used as an additional biomarker of early kidney injury in young patients with T1D.
3D modeling and reconstruction of plants and trees: A cross-cutting review across computer graphics, vision, and plant phenotyping

This paper reviews the past and current trends of three-dimensional (3D) modeling and reconstruction of plants and trees. These topics have been studied in multiple research fields, including computer vision, graphics, plant phenotyping, and forestry. This paper, therefore, provides a cross-cutting review. Representations of plant shape and structure are first summarized, where every method for plant modeling and reconstruction is based on a shape/structure representation. The methods were then categorized into 1) creating non-existent plants (modeling) and 2) creating models from real-world plants (reconstruction). This paper also discusses the limitations of current methods and possible future directions.
The prospects of using gravitational waves for constraining the anisotropy of the Universe

The observation of GW150914 gave a new independent measurement of the luminosity distance of a gravitational wave event. In this paper, we constrain the anisotropy of the Universe by using gravitational wave events. We simulate hundreds of events of binary neutron star merger that may be observed by the Einstein Telescope. Full simulation of the production process of gravitational wave data is employed. We find that 200 binary neutron star merging events with the redshift in (0,1) observed by the Einstein Telescope may constrain the anisotropy with an accuracy comparable to that from the Union2.1 supernovae. This result shows that gravitational waves can be a powerful tool for investigating cosmological anisotropy.
Porosity Evolution in Metallic Asteroids: Implications for the Origin and Thermal History of Asteroid 16 Psyche

Some M‐type asteroids have measured bulk densities much lower than expected based on their metal‐rich surfaces. In particular, the density of the largest M‐type asteroid 16 Psyche would require a bulk porosity of ∼52 vol% if it has a pure iron composition. We determine that a pure iron Psyche must have cooled to and remained below 800 K to maintain sufficient porosity for that porosity to persist until present. Iron bodies smaller than Psyche could preserve long‐lived high porosities (>40%), yet even the smallest M‐type asteroids would require temperatures below 925 K. Our results indicate that all iron asteroids must cool to and remain at low temperatures prior to a porosity‐adding event in order to retain porosity on timescales longer than a few million years. Accordingly, a pure iron Psyche would not have sufficiently cooled to retain high porosities when large porosity adding events are most likely to have occurred in the early solar system. Hence, Psyche is not likely to be a pure iron exposed core. However, this structure may be more viable for M‐type asteroids smaller than Psyche which cool more quickly.
A Source of WRF Simulation Error for the Early‐Summer Warm‐Sector Heavy Rainfall Over South China Coast: Land‐Sea Thermal Contrast in the Boundary Layer

Quantitative prediction of the early‐summer warm‐sector heavy rainfall over South China coast (SCC) is still a challenge. This study conducts convection‐permitting Weather Research and Forecast model simulations for a representative nocturnal‐to‐morning heavy rainfall event related to low‐level jets during 29–30 May 2020, and explores sources of simulated rainfall bias using multi‐source observations, reanalysis data and sensitivity experiments. Results show that the model initiated about 12 hr before the coastal convection initiation only produces sporadic convection and misses the heavy rainfall at SCC, although it captures the major synoptic features as in previous studies. The underestimated convection development is closely related to insufficient convergence of boundary layer (BL) wind due to overestimated speed of the onshore BL wind. Increasing the land surface friction effects in the simulations through either multiplying the surface roughness length by 10 or including sub‐grid topography drag effects could help little suppress the simulated biases. Using hourly data assimilation to improve the simulation of marine/land BL temperature from the afternoon to nighttime produces a desired change in the nocturnal BL wind across the coastline and significantly improves rainfall simulation with the maximum and average rainfall over SCC increased by about 4 and 6.5 times, respectively. These findings indicate that, to improve the prediction of the nocturnal heavy rainfall in the warm‐sector over SCC during early summer, it is necessary to more accurately predict the BL thermal structure during the daytime, in addition to the previously emphasized nocturnally enhanced marine BL flow.
Mode-Reactive Template-Based Control in Planar Legged Robots

Translating the center of mass (CoM) while fixing the orientation of a rigid body supported by relatively massless, actuated limbs is a common problem setting in legged robotics. This paper proposes a hierarchical approach to such maneuvers that decouples CoM task planning from body orientation control in sagittal-plane models, thereby exposing a well-studied and computationally effective low dimensional dynamical system that can be used for CoM task planning. The resulting algorithms directly address the control authority (degree of underactuation) available at a given contact mode, enabling a-priori plans with these intuitive, robust pendular dynamics to be formally embedded at the (virtual) CoM of planar floating-torso models, while focusing high gain posture stabilizing feedback upon the body orientation. A series of numerical and empirical examples address single- and multi-legged leaping — transitional maneuvers where only a single brief stance mode is available to load energy into the CoM and guide its direction. We compare our hierarchical method to a model-based model-predictive controller in one of the tasks, demonstrating similar performance with a significantly smaller computational footprint.
Preimplantation Endometrial Transcriptomics in Natural Conception Cycle of the Rhesus Monkey

There is no report on preimplantation phase endometrial transcriptomics in natural conception cycles of primates. In the present study, the whole-genome expression array of endometrium on Days 2, 4, and 6 post-ovulation (pov) in proven natural conception (Group 1; n = 12) and non-mated, ovulatory (Group 2; n = 12) cycles of rhesus monkeys was examined, compared, and validated. Of fifteen (15) genes showing differential expression (>2-fold; pFDR < 0.05), six genes (CHRND, FOXD3, GJD4, MAPK8IP3, MKS1, and NUP50) were upregulated, while eight genes (ADCY5, ADIPOR1, NNMT, PATL1, PIGV, TGFBR2, TOX2, and VWA5B1) were down regulated on Day 6 pov as compared to Day 2 pov in conception cycles. On Day 6 pov, four genes (ADCY5, NNMT, TOX2, and VWA5B1) were down regulated, and AVEN was upregulated in conception cycles compared with the non-conception cycle. These observations were orthogonally validated at protein expression level. Group-specifically expressed unique genes in conception cycles influence the process of induction of immune-tolerance, while the genes expressed in both groups influence processes of protein targeting and metabolism. A triad of timed-actions of progesterone, seminal plasma, and preimplantation embryo putatively regulate several input molecules to CREB, NF-kB, and STAT regulatory networks during secretory phase towards evolution of endometrial receptivity in the rhesus monkey.
Locally self-consistent embedding approach for disordered electronic systems

We present a new embedding scheme for the locally self-consistent multiple scattering method to study the disordered electron systems. We test this method in the tight-binding basis and apply it on the single band Anderson model. We demonstrate that embedding significantly improves system size convergence and hence reduce the computational cost. By embedding the local interaction zone in a local typical medium, the method can capture the Anderson localization transition and accurately predict the critical disorder strength, which can otherwise never be detected by the conventional multiple scattering calculation. The present work open the path towards the development of a typical medium embedding scheme for the $O(N)$ multiple scattering methods.
The effects of Fe- and Mn-oxides and imogolite in the presence of kaolinite on organic nitrogen mineralization and soil enzyme activities

ABSTRACT An incubation experiment was conducted to study the effect of clay content and composition on organic nitrogen mineralization. The experiment measured the mineralization of organic nitrogen from alfalfa residues, enzyme activities, and microbial biomass nitrogen in mixtures of sand, kaolinite, and non-layered colloids (NLCs) with sand as a control. The study found that as the contents of kaolinite and NLCs increased, the mineralization of organic nitrogen and enzyme activity decreased, but microbial biomass nitrogen increased. The maximum decrease in organic nitrogen mineralization was 88.6%, and microbial biomass nitrogen increased from 4.7 to 15.5%. The acid and alkaline phosphatase activities also decreased by 86.0 and 93.6%, respectively, with an increase in clay content. The specific surface area (SSA) of the mixtures showed an inverse relationship with enzyme activity and mineralization of organic nitrogen. Inactivation of extracellular enzymes by adsorption on the surfaces of kaolinite and NLCs, and decreased accessibility of organic nitrogen substrate molecules due to adsorption, reduced the mineralization of organic nitrogen. Microbial biomass nitrogen increased as the water holding capacity of the mixtures increased, indicating the importance of water-filled pores in accommodating active microbial biomass and protecting it from desiccation and predators.
HF radar observation of nearshore winds

Following Ekman’s 1905 mathematical description of the influence of wind stress on the ocean, measurement of the wind field itself has been a critical part of any effort to understand the movement of ocean currents. This is particularly true in the coastal zone, where winds and waves interact with the coastal boundary to drive spatially and temporally complex currents. In addition to understanding and predicting coastal flows, observations of near shore surface winds are fundamental to fulfilling both scientific (e.g. circulation, mixing, biological productivity, larval transport) and societal needs (e.g. shipping, wind power). Near shore wind observations, either in situ or remote, typically have high temporal resolution, or high spatial resolution, but not both. Buoy-based observations, such as those accessible via the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC), provide time series of wind products from most coastal areas but lack the spatially relevant resolution for observing many – if not most – of the critical small scale circulation processes. Recent developments have improved satellite scatterometer capabilities to within 10-15 km from shore (e.g.[2, 3]), and similarly, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) achieves sub-km resolution (0.5-1 km) up to 1-3 km from shore with RMS errors of 1.4-1.8 m s−1 [4, 5]. While planned future missions such as the Waves and Currents Mission (WACM) [6] would further advance these techniques and provide maps of winds with high spatial resolution, satellite-based observations sample at periods of 12 hours or greater, limiting their scientific utility. In contrast, land-based HF radar systems routinely provide both high spatial and high temporal resolution observations of surface currents in the coastal ocean in all weather conditions. The fundamental signal observed by the radar system results from the presence of relatively short ocean waves that respond quickly to changes in wind speed and direction. In the near shore, wind observations from these systems would fill an important niche between satellite observations, which encounter difficulties close to land masses, and moored observations, for which spatially dense deployments are cost prohibitive. The spatial and temporal coverage possible, with time scales of 10s of minutes and spatial scales of 2-6 kilometers, matches the most likely resolution needed to advance the present understand and modelling of coastal ocean circulation [7, 8, 9].
Minimally Invasive Sinus Tarsi Approach for Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Calcaneal Fractures: Complications, Risk Factors, and Outcome Predictors

Open reduction and internal fixation of displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures remain the gold standard of treatment, but the traditional extensile approach has been associated with relatively frequent complications. The current study aims to evaluate the less invasive sinus tarsi approach and to elaborate on the associated complications, risk factors, and outcome predictors. A retrospective observational study was carried out among 39 patients diagnosed with calcaneal fractures that were operatively treated between January 2019 and January 2020 at a level-one trauma center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Patients were assessed regarding the complications, pre- and postoperative Bohler's angle, Gissane’s angle, calcaneal height, and return to baseline function. Patients older than 60 years show significantly more complications compared to younger patients (p < 0.05). Type IV calcaneal fracture, according to Sander’s classification, showed significantly more complications than other types (p < 0.05). There were significant variations in pre- and postoperative Bohler's angle and calcaneal height (p < 0.05). These variations apply to the Gissane’s angle but do not rise to significant results (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the current study reports a significant moderate direct correlation between delay time and complication incidence (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the minimally invasive sinus tarsi approach has relatively low complications and excellent clinical and radiological outcomes. Older patients and those who are diagnosed with type IV calcaneal factures, besides those presented with more delay, are more associated with unfavorable complications.
Feasibility Study of Discriminating Oxytetracycline in Milk Cow Feed by Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling Combined Partial Least Squares Linear Discriminant Analysis

In this paper,20 pure dairy concentrate supplements were collected within one year in different months and different types,and 100 oxytetracycline adulteration samples with different contents were prepared.Scan samples with the near-infrared transmission and reflection spectra in the full spectral range,use Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling(CARS) to pretreat spectroscopic data and build the discriminant models with Partial Least Squares-Linear Discriminant Analysis(PLS-LDA). The minimum error rate of cross validation for the established PLS-LDA model was 0.0729,model misclassification rate 0,and the model prediction error rate 0.0417. It is feasible to establish qualitative analysis models to detect whether mixed with oxytetracycline in dairy feed by near infrared spectroscopy.
Integrated approach to analyse benthic images from an autonomous underwater vehicle deployed at Pemba Island, Tanzania

Manual analysis of large amounts of benthic images is time consuming and costly. This challenge has led to the development of automated image analysis techniques such as CoralNet. The technique combines an online repository and machine learning to completely or partially automate classification of benthic images. Here, the integration of Coral Point Count with Excel Extensions (CPCe) and CoralNet is showcased. CPCe was applied to manually annotate images captured by an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) deployed at Pemba Island, Tanzania and then to train and build confidence in CoralNet to automatically annotate more images. Further, possible outputs that can be derived from assessing the relationships between the cover of benthic variables and depth are demonstrated.
E-commerce of virtual products : definition of a business model for the selling of software

Since the computer was invented, the technology of the Internet has heralded the greatest changes in business, establishing the virtual environment which makes it possible to do business electronically. Organizations that work through this new channel need to restructure their strategies and their business models. This work focuses on the e-commerce of virtual products, that is, products that can be electronically sold, delivered or used. Its objective is to define a business model for selling software whose delivery or use takes places virtually. The research will be multimethod, through survey and case study. The research context is the software industry, more specifically software which is virtually delivered or used. As a result, the aim is to develop and validate a business model for the electronic business of virtual products.
Multi passband filter with one-twelfth mode miniaturized based on substrate integrated waveguide

In this letter, the one-twelfth mode of equilateral hexagonal substrate integrated waveguide (TMSIW) is proposed for the first time. Comparing with traditional substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), the size of TWSIW is only 1/12 which is reduced 11/12 while the resonant frequency of TWSIW is almost unchanged. Loading a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) structure, the miniaturization is further improved and the filter selectivity is improved. The filter design uses two of TWSIW which is connected with a microstrip line. The structure is not complex, easy to process, low loss, and the passband has a certain bandwidth. After processing and testing, it shows that the measurement results of filter give good agreement with the simulation results. This filter has advantages in all indexes by comparing with other works.
The Effects of Zebra Mussel (Dreissena Polymorpha) Infestations on Property Values: Evidence from Waupaca County, Wisconsin, USA

Containment strategies for invasive species often require significant changes in behavior. Success in fostering these changes requires that individuals correctly perceive the costs and benefits. Yet, while both the ecological and aesthetic impacts of some invasive species are universally negative it less clear how lakefront property owners might view zebra mussel infestations. Zebra mussels negatively affect the local ecology, crowd out native species, and deposit sharp shells on beaches. However, they are also associated with increased water clarity, a reduction in suspended pollutants, and increased numbers of popular game fish. We use a spatial lag and spatial error hedonic model to estimate the impact of zebra mussel infestations on lakefront property prices in Waupaca County, Wisconsin. We find no evidence that homes on infested lakes incur a penalty at sale; consequently, it may be difficult to generate compliance with containment strategies to effectively halt the spread of zebra mussels.
Towards a modest imaginary? Sanitation in Kampala beyond the modern infrastructure ideal

The idea of the modern city continues to inform urban policies and practices, shaping ideas of what infrastructure is and how it ought to work. While there has long been conflict over its meaning and relevance, particularly in southern cities, alternatives remain difficult to identify. In this paper, we ‘read for difference’ in the policies and practices of sanitation in Kampala, purposefully looking for evidence of an alternative imaginary. We find increasing acceptance of and support for heterogeneous technological artefacts and a shift to consider these as part of wider infrastructures. These sanitation configurations are, at times, no longer framed as temporary placeholders while ‘waiting for modernity’, but instead as pathways towards a not yet predetermined end. What this technological change means for policies, permissions and socio-economic relations is also as yet unclear: the roles and responsibilities of the modern infrastructure ideal have limited significance, but new patterns remain in the making. Further, while we find increased attention to limits and uncertainty, we also see efforts to weave modernist practices (creating legible populations, knowing and controlling nature) into emergent infrastructural configurations. In this context, we consider Kampala not as a complete instantiation of a ‘modest’ approach to infrastructure, but as a place where struggles over infrastructure are rooted in competing, dynamic imaginaries about how the world is and what this means for the cities we build. It is also a place from which we might begin articulating a ‘modest imaginary’ that enables rethinking what infrastructure is and ought to be.
Role of P2X4/NLRP3 Pathway-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders

Several studies have demonstrated that neuroinflammation is the key to perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND); however, the specific mechanism postsurgery and anesthesia has not yet been fully clarified. The present study is aimed at exploring the effects of P2X4/NLRP3 signaling pathway in neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment after surgery. 12–14-month-old male C57BL/6 mice undergoing open tibial fracture surgery by sevoflurane anesthesia were administered P2X4R inhibitor 5-BDBD or saline was intraperitoneally for 3 consecutive days after surgery. Then, the animals were subjected to Morris water maze test or sacrificed to collect the hippocampus. The level of P2X4R and NLRP3 was estimated by Western blot, the activation of microglia was detected via immunohistochemistry, and the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These results indicated that tibial surgery caused cognitive impairment, increased the expression of P2X4R and NLRP3, and aggravated the neuroinflammation and microglia activation. However, intraperitoneal injection of 5-BDBD attenuated these effects. In conclusion, these findings indicated that the P2X4/NLRP3 pathway might be involved in the pathophysiology of PND.