Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vanillin derived a carbonate dialdehyde and a carbonate diol: novel platform monomers for sustainable polymers synthesis

Vanillin has been regarded as one of the important biomass-based platform chemicals for aromatic polymers synthesis. Herein, novel symmetric bis(4-formyl-2-methoxyphenyl)carbonate (BFMC) and bis(4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl)carbonate (BHMC) polymeric monomers have been synthesized in high yields using vanillin as a raw chemical, which have been submitted for polymer synthesis via well-established polymeric strategies. A new class of poly(carbonate ester)s oligomers with amide moieties in their side chain can be prepared by using the BFMC as one of monomers via the Passerini three compound reaction (3CR). A new class of poly(carbonate ester)s oligomers and poly(carbonate urethane)s can be prepared via reactions between BHMC with dicarboxylic acid chlorides and diisocyanates, respectively. Their structure have been confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FTIR, and the gel permeation chromatograph (GPC) analysis shows that the Mn of poly(carbonate ester)s oligomers ranges from 3100 to 7900 with PDI between 1.31 and 1.65, and the Mn of poly(carbonate urethane)s ranges from 16 400 to 24 400 with PDI ranging from 1.36 to 2.17. The DSC analysis shows that the poly(carbonate ester)s oligomers have relative low Tg ranging from 37.4 to 74.1 °C, and the poly(carbonate urethane)s have Tg ranging from 97.3 to 138.3 °C, mainly correlating to the structure of dicarboxylic acid chlorides and diisocyanates used.
Contributing Factors for Academic Success in this Globalised Era: Voices from the Successful Orang Asli in Malaysia

While the Orang Asli or the Indigenous People of Malaysia have been in existence since approximately 5,000 years ago, they are still lagging behind as compared to all the other mainstream ethnics, particularly the Malays, Chinese, and Indians. This study aims to listen to the voices of successful Indigenous People of Malaysia and thereafter, crystallise the contributing themes or factors from these voices. Accordingly, the research design employed is that of a phenomenology given that the research problem requires a profound understanding of a particular phenomenon -the experiences of academic success -common to the Indigenous People of Malaysia so as to distil individual experiences to an essential concept. Seven successful Orang Asli students willingly participated in the on-line interview by responding to the question in the Interview Protocol. Thematic analysis, performed through the process of coding in six phases to identify patterns across data sets, indicates two main themes which contributed to academic success. The first theme is that of Aspiration, the ardent wish or desire to become educationally and academically successful. The first theme on aspiration seems to be contributed by a further four subthemes, namely self-induced aspiration, family-induced aspiration, community-induced aspiration, and friend-induced aspiration. Meanwhile, the second theme is that of support and such a support is family-based, friend-based, school-based, community-based, government-based, and faith-based support, hence the six subthemes. The findings are discussed in the context of previous findings of academically resilient students.
Supervised Life-Cycle Assessment Using Automated Process Inventory Based on Process Recipes

Effective integration of environmental issues and process decisions is crucial for an enhanced enterprise operation from an environmental perspective. In this sense, environmental assessment involves the transaction of a large amount of data and information. Hence, tools for improving information sharing and communication have proved to be highly promising to support the integration of environmental assessment within industrial decision making. This work aims to automate the creation of the life cycle inventory (LCI) of production processes and products based on their recipe information. A framework based on a knowledge model of the process and environmental domains relying on the ISA-S88 standard for recipe representation has been developed. As a result, the environmental assessment can be directly derived, and so the environmental indicators are available to the decision maker, thus reducing the data collection and processing efforts. The framework is applied to a case study, namely, an acrylic fiber pr.
Expanding University Student Outreach: Professional Development Workshops for Teachers Led by Graduate Students

University of Virginia, like many other universities, has developed a chemistry outreach program (called Chemistry Learning through Experimentation, Awareness, and Demonstration; i.e., Chemistry LEAD) that visits K–5 schools and teaches inquiry-based chemistry lessons in order to engage local students with science. Chemistry LEAD is graduate student organized and led. The number of classrooms the group can visit in any year is limited; consequently, to extend their impact, the group decided to organize a summer, 1 day professional workshop for teachers. The goal was to give teachers the knowledge, confidence, and materials necessary to implement inquiry-based chemistry lessons. The graduate students worked as a team, with different students leading different activities, to decrease the burden of workshop planning and implementation. The workshop was repeated for two summers; a total of 52 teachers from six school districts participated. The teachers enjoyed learning from the graduate students, and follow-.
Tonal peaks in the spontaneous speech of vantage level Hungarian learners of Spanish

This paper reports on a two-part research project, conducted in order to see how Hungarian learners with at least vantage level of Spanish realize melodic peaks in their Spanish utterances. First, we are focusing on the tonal and distributional characteristics of melodic peaks, taking into consideration the proportion of the rise in f0 with respect to the previous syllable and examining if the affected syllable is lexically stressed. Second, the range of the tonal rise until the first peak of the utterance is analyzed. The method applied in both cases is Cantero Serena’s Prosodic Analysis of Speech (2019), which represents intonation by objectively comparable standardized melodic curves. The differences found in the speech of Hungarian learners as compared to native Spanish speakers have not proved to be significant in the aspects analyzed here. The main finding of the research is that native Spanish speakers tend to realize the first peak of their declarative sentences as the highest f0 point of the utterance, whereas this is less typical in the oral production of Hungarian learners of Spanish.
Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone genes encode effectors of long-term memory

The mechanisms underlying memory loss associated with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) remain unclear, and no effective treatments exist. Fundamental studies have shown that a set of transcriptional regulatory proteins of the nuclear receptor 4a (Nr4a) family serve as molecular switches for long-term memory. Here, we show that Nr4a proteins regulate the transcription of a group of genes encoding chaperones that localize to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which function to traffic plasticity-related proteins to the cell surface during long lasting forms of synaptic plasticity and memory. Nr4a transcription factors and ER chaperones are linked to ADRD in human samples as well as mouse models, and overexpressing Nr4a1 or the ER chaperone Hspa5 ameliorates the long-term memory deficits in a tau-based mouse model of ADRD, pointing towards novel therapeutic approaches for treating memory loss. Thus, our findings establish protein folding in the ER as a novel molecular concept underlying long-term memory, providing new insights into the mechanistic basis of cognitive deficits in dementia. One-Sentence Summary Molecular approaches establish protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum as a novel molecular concept underlying synaptic plasticity and memory, serving as a switch to regulate protein folding and trafficking, and driving cognitive deficits in neurodegenerative disorders.
Preparation and characterization of long-term stable pullulan nanofibers via in situ cross-linking electrospinning

Pullulan nanofibers with long-term stabilization were fabricated by using glutaraldehyde as the cross-linking agent and sulfuric acid as the catalyzer via in situ cross-linking electrospinning. The structural, chemical, and thermal analyses have been conducted by field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Cross-linked pullulan nanofibers were found thermally more stable. More importantly, the water absorption and water solubility of the cross-linked pullulan nanofiber membranes were evaluated. The results showed that the water absorption rate increased significantly (from 327% to 651%) and the weight loss rate decreased (from 19.0% to 4.1%) with the increase of glutaraldehyde content. Overall, this in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique provides a method to cross-link pullulan during electrospinning. The cross-linked pullulan nanofibers could be employed as promising materials for a variety of potential applications in adsorption and separation fields.
Colored organic matter increases CO2 in meso‐eutrophic lake water through altered light climate and acidity

Many surface waters across the boreal region are browning due to increased concentrations of colored allochthonous dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Browning may stimulate heterotrophic metabolism, may have a shading effect constraining primary production, and may acidify the water leading to decreased pH with a subsequent shift in the carbonate system. All these effects are expected to result in increased lake water carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. We tested here these expectations by assessing the effects of both altered allochthonous DOC input and light conditions through shading on lake water CO2 concentrations. We used two mesocosm experiments with water from the meso‐eutrophic Lake Erken, Sweden, to determine the relative importance of bacterial activities, primary production, and shifts in the carbonate system on CO2 concentrations. We found that DOC addition and shading resulted in a significant increase in partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in all mesocosms. Surprisingly, there was no relationship between bacterial activities and pCO2. Instead the experimental reduction of light by DOC and/or shading decreased the photosynthesis to respiration ratio leading to increased pCO2. Another driving force behind the observed pCO2 increase was a significant decrease in pH, caused by a decline in photosynthesis and the input of acidic DOC. Considering that colored allochthonous DOC may increase in a warmer and wetter climate, our results could also apply for whole lake ecosystems and pCO2 may increase in many lakes through a reduction in the rate of photosynthesis and decreased pH.
New Rainbow Sardine Species of Dussumieria (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Dussumieriidae) from the East African Coast

Dussumieria torpedo, new species, is described from 18 specimens collected off the East African coast from Tanzania to South Africa. The new species closely resembles Dussumieria albulina in that both species have a deep body and a parasphenoid without teeth. However, D. torpedo, new species, is distinguished from D. albulina by having small pores posteriorly on the body scales (vs. numerous longitudinal striae posteriorly in D. albulina), a longer maxilla (33.4–34.9% of head length vs. 30.4–34.9% [less than 33.3% in specimens larger than 85 mm standard length]) and mandible (48.5–51.9% of head length vs. 44.8–50.6%), a greater number of pseudobranchial filaments (19–23 vs. 17–21), and indistinct melanophores scattered on the pectoral-fin rays (vs. distinct). A molecular analysis, which compared nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene of the new species with those of all other valid species of Dussumieria, revealed that D. torpedo, new species, has >9% mean p-distance divergence from its congeners.
Enhanced Summertime Surface Warming Effects of Long‐Term Urbanization in a Humid Urban Agglomeration in China

In this study, we examined the summertime climatic effects of urban expansion during 1990–2010 in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region by analyzing station observations and performing numerical simulations with the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. Long‐term observations showed that urban area experienced a larger increase in summertime 2‐m air temperature than rural part during 1980–2018, and the influence of urbanization on the urban‐rural contrast was greater in the late stage (after 2000) than the early stage (before 2000). We applied the WRF model incorporated with historical land surface cover data (year 1990, 2000, and 2010) to further evaluate the climatic effects of long‐term urbanization. On average, urban expansion over 1990–2010 led to 0.75°C increase in daily average temperature (1.06°C in daily minimum and 0.45°C in daily maximum) during the summer. The summertime daily temperature range decreased by 0.61°C in urban environment during the same period. Compared to the warming effect of urbanization in the 1990s, both the magnitude and affected area have increased after the millennium. Also, urban expansion reduced moisture in low‐level atmosphere, and this urban dry island (UDI) effect was enhanced in the late stage. Less moisture in the atmosphere offset heat stress index induced by the warming temperature. We also found that the partitioning of net radiation between sensible and latent heat was the key factor that controlled urban warming effect.
Micrococcus luteus – An Alternative Test Germ for Testing the Hygienic Performance of Commercial Freshwater Dishwashers

Abstract Each consumer is entitled to have hygienically clean processed dishes and cutlery. Consequently, restaurants, caterers, canteens, nursing homes, kindergartens and hospitals are very concerned to avoid infecting their customers and patients. They are afraid of the spread of diseases by inadequately washed dishes, glasses and cutlery. This study deals with the verification of the hygienic performance of commercial freshwater dishwashers with the aid of bioindicators that are contaminated with the test soil BAMS and two different strains of microorganisms: Micrococcus luteus and Enterococcus faecium. The method used is described in the working paper “WD 00429001 Commercial warewashing machines – Hygiene requirements and testing. ” Tests for heat resistance are carried out to check the temperature interval of Micrococcus luteus. Thereby, it is shown that the germ examined still shows vitality at a temperature of 70°C and a holding time of ten minutes. When testing the hygienic performance of the dishwashing programs tested, it is shown that not only temperature, but also the effects of the detergent are recognizable.
vaCATE: A Platform for Automating Data Output from Compartmental Analysis by Tracer Efflux

Compartmental analysis by tracer efflux (CATE) is fundamental to examinations of membrane transport, allowing study of solute movement among subcellular compartments with high temporal, spatial, and chemical resolution. CATE can provide a wealth of information about fluxes and pool sizes in complex systems, but is a mathematically intensive procedure, and there is a need for software designed to fully, easily, and dynamically analyse results from CATE experiments. Here we present vaCATE (Visualized Automation of Compartmental Analysis by Tracer Efflux), a software package that meets these criteria. A robust suite of test cases using CATE datasets from experiments with intact rice (Oryza sativa L.) root systems reveals the high fidelity of vaCATE and the ease with which parameters can be extracted, using a three-compartment model and a curve-stripping procedure to distinguish them on the basis of variable exchange rates. vaCATE was developed using Python 2.7 and can be used in most situations where compartmental analysis is required. Funding Statement: This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Ontario Graduate Scholarship Fund (OGS).
Les petites Tarachomantis Brancsik, 1893 (Dictyoptera : Mantidae) de Madagascar et de l’archipel des Comores

Résumé À l’issue de cet article, le genre Tarachomantis Brancsik, 1893, endémique de la région malgache, est complètement révisé sur la base de l’étude d’environ 550 spécimens conservés dans onze institutions scientifiques et quelques collections privées. Il traite en particulier des espèces les plus petites, proches de Tarachomantis caldwellii. La diagnose du genre et des sous-genres Tarachomantis et Madamantis sont redonnées, avec description du sous-genre Comoromantis n. subgen. pour accueillir, entre autres, les espèces endémiques des Comores. Vingt-trois espèces sont distinguées au sein du genre : douze décrites antérieurement, deux réhabilitées (T. roseinervis et T. brunneri), et neuf espèces nouvellement décrites (T. nana n. sp., T. humeris n. sp., T. insidentes n. sp., T. gigantea n. sp., T. darwini n. sp., T. royi n. sp., T. famakiloha n. sp., T. cliquennoisi n. sp., T. hugeli n. sp.). La femelle de T. (Madamantis) tsaratanana est décrite. Des clés sont présentées en français et en anglais pour distinguer les genres de Paramantini malgaches et les espèces d’après leur morphologie et leurs genitalia mâles. Des cartes de répartition sont données pour l’ensemble des espèces du genre.
The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Untargeted Lipidomics Analysis: Practical Guidelines

Lipidomics is a newly emerged discipline involving the identification and quantification of thousands of lipids. As a part of the omics field, lipidomics has shown rapid growth both in the number of studies and in the size of lipidome datasets, thus, requiring specific and efficient data analysis approaches. This paper aims to provide guidelines for analyzing and interpreting lipidome data obtained using untargeted methods that rely on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to detect and measure the intensities of lipid compounds. We present a state-of-the-art untargeted LC-MS workflow for lipidomics, from study design to annotation of lipid features, focusing on practical, rather than theoretical, approaches for data analysis, and we outline possible applications of untargeted lipidomics for biological studies. We provide a detailed R notebook designed specifically for untargeted lipidome LC-MS data analysis, which is based on xcms software.
Kirchhoff index, multiplicative degree-Kirchhoff index and spanning trees of the linear crossed hexagonal chains

Let $G_n$ be a linear crossed polyomino chain with $n$ four-order complete graphs. In this paper, explicit formulas for the Kirchhoff index, the multiplicative degree-Kirchhoff index and the number of spanning trees of $G_n$ are determined, respectively. It is interesting to find that the Kirchhoff (resp. multiplicative degree-Kirchhoff) index of $G_n$ is approximately one quarter of its Wiener (resp. Gutman) index. More generally, let $\mathcal{G}^r_n$ be the set of subgraphs obtained by deleting $r$ vertical edges of $G_n$, where $0\leqslant r\leqslant n+1$. For any graph $G^r_n\in \mathcal{G}^r_{n}$, its Kirchhoff index and number of spanning trees are completely determined, respectively. Finally, we show that the Kirchhoff index of $G^r_n$ is approximately one quarter of its Wiener index.
Modeling And Estimation Of Reaction Constants In Hydrogen Peroxide Deterioration Reactions

In this paper, a new model in augmented state space allowing for faster prediction of hydrogen peroxide decay rates is proposed. This information is important for the development of new hydrogen peroxide solutions used to fight pathogens and harmful germs. The well-known Kalman filter and the unscented Kalman filter are applied on developed mathematical models and experimental measurements. The results are compared and discussed. Keywords—Hydrogen peroxide; unscented Kalman filter; interacting multiple models
Power Outage Sensing Device based on IOT for Service Quality Evaluation in the PLN Distribution System

In overcoming electrical disturbances, PLN implements an equipment protection system that aims to reduce the areas experiencing power outage. However, this protection system has not been integrated with the SCADA system. As a parameter to maintain customer service continuity, PLN uses customer-based indexes, i.e., the Customer Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI) and Customer Average Interruption Frequency Index (CAIFI). In the calculation of those index values, the record of power outage occurrence at PLN is still not accurate because the duration and frequency of power outage based on customer complaints. In this study, a Power Outage Sensing device is installed on the secondary distribution system transformer 380/220 which can ensure the location, record the frequency and duration of power outage and serve customers in real time based on IOT using WEMOS D1 and optocoupler sensors which can then be accessed on a web. In its implementation, all power outage is recorded in the database and can be accessed on the web interface. This device can speed up the recovery of disturbances in the system after an outage and perform accurate CAIDI and CAIFI index calculations as customer service evaluations.
Adsorption-Release Characteristics of Phosphorus and the Community of Phosphorus Accumulating Organisms of Sediments in a Shallow Lake

One of the most challenging issues for developing countries in modern times is the care and management of clean, potable drinking water sources. Accordingly, this study singled out potential contributing factors to harmful algae blooms with a particular focus on phosphorus (P) release. The potential risks of P release for the drinking water from a lake in Fujian were assessed by investigating the spatial-temporal distribution of P, its exchange capacity, and its discharge capacity in sediment, including the community composition of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) and the phosphate’s initial migration effects on sediments. Different mixed materials, including soil aggregate distributions, sorbent, fractions, adsorption-desorption of P, and the community composition of PAOs were assessed. Total phosphorus (TP) content was measured at 24.4 ± 1.2 to 563.9 ± 38.2 mg/kg, but contents displayed some spatial differences. The dominant Ps found in the sample sediments were organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus associated with hydroxide Fe/Al-P, which accounted for 48.6% and 43.6%, respectively, of the TP content in the lake’s central waters. The TP concentration in vertical sediment ranged from 436.2 ± 21.3 to 602.9 ± 31.4 mg/kg. The TP spatio-temporal distribution inputs varied with rainfall (p < 0.05). P deposition occurred throughout most water bodies (p < 0.05), covering extensive areas and also decreasing at lower depths. Forty-four operational taxonomic unit (OTU) phosphorus-accumulating organism types from 11 phyla were detected in the sediment samples obtained from the Sanshiliujiao Lakes region. Proteobacteria also dominated compared to the organisms with the strongest PAOs. The diversity of PAOs in summer samples was significantly higher than that of the autumn samples. These findings provide a scientific foundation for determining the future discovery of the microbial mechanisms involved in the phosphorus metabolic cycle found in reservoir sediments. Various forms of phosphorus influenced the PAO diversity, especially Fe/Al-P. Thus, the abundance of PAOs in the sediment proved to be an essential component of the P cycle and may even play a key role in regional material circulation and in causing other environmental issues.