Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-Adaptive Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

In order to achieve nearly optimal fuel economy for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) using an equivalent consumption minimum strategy (ECMS), it is necessary to dynamically tune the equivalent factor (EF). Unlike widely studied ECMSs that adapt EF to driving conditions, the proposed self-adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (SECMS) applies a new idea of determining the EF from the historical driving conditions. To this end, a dynamic EF self-determining algorithm is designed according to the assumption that the electrical energy used at the current moment comes from past recuperation and charging, and an adaptive charge-sustaining algorithm is developed to balance the electrical self-sustainability and optimization performance. To show its effectiveness, the SECMS is implemented to a single-shaft parallel HEV over four standard driving cycles and benchmarked against two conventional ECMS-type control strategies: standard ECMS and adaptive ECMS (AECMS). The results show that the SECMS can achieve significant improvements regarding both the fuel economy and battery charge-sustainability compared to ECMS and AECMS. The proposed SECMS could facilitate a new development of energy management strategies for HEVs based on historical driving information.
Holomorphic Embedding Power Flow for AC/DC Hybrid Power Systems Using Bauer's Eta Algorithm

In this paper, the holomorphic embedding power flow method (HELM) is designed to solve the AC/DC hybrid power flow equations. According to the power flow model of the high voltage direct current systems (HVDC), an appropriate embedding technique with three recursive algorithms is developed for three different control modes, which is compatible with existing achievements of HELM for AC systems. In this method, the advantages of HELM, such as non-iterative, deterministic and non-ambiguous, are fully retained. In addition, a new calculation strategy based on Bauer's Eta algorithm is designed for the implementation of Padé approximations and the recursive process to avoid redundant calculations without reducing accuracy. In order to verify the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed extended HELM, several power flow cases with different scale are studied by HELM and traditional iterative method.
Higher-order structural constraints for improved optimization of nonuniform helical antennas

The objective is to improve the linear constraints for optimizing the helical structure (radius and pitch of the conductor winding) of nonuniform helical antennas for desired characteristics such as signal gain or bandwidth. Presented below are equations that allow various higher-order structural constraints to be used in such optimizations. Their efficacy is demonstrated by analogy, using data for a fully optimized Yagi-Uda antenna, before being applied to data available for helical designs. The comparisons confirm the general validity of the higher-order equations to model some of the most advanced antennas produced to date. A simple calculus-of-variations test confirms that an improved optimization is possible by adding curvature terms to previously published linear constraints.
EFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF FERROELECTRIC DEVICE FOR MICROWAVE PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS

ABSTRACT In this paper, we proposed a procedure to analyze a ferroelectric multilayer microstrip structure using the spectral domain method (SDM), which is used to find the microwave design parameters. In order to calculate the microwave characteristics of the proposed ferroelectric multilayer structure, propagation constant and effective permittivity are calculated from the SDM. The microwave design parameters of the proposed structure are optimized by using (1 + 1) evolution strategy (ES) combined with SDM. This novel numerical technique make it possible to take advantage of the high accuracy of the SDM as well as the high efficiency of the (1 + 1) ES.
Poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate) copolymers: Correlation between copolymer composition, morphology and positron annihilation lifetime parameters

A series of poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate) copolymers of differing copolymer compositions are synthesized through free radical emulsion copolymerisation of methyl acrylate (MA) and acrylonitrile (AN) and by variation of the monomer feed ratios. The copolymers are characterized by NMR, SEC, WAXD, DMA, and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. Results show that, there is a linear decrease in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the copolymers and the MA content. There is also a progressive decrease in the crystallinity of the copolymers with increasing MA content. Positron results show a sigmoidal variation in the ortho positronium lifetime with an increasing MA content. The low MA content, semi-crystalline copolymers show a positive deviation from the linear additive relationship between the o-Ps lifetime and MA content, whereas the higher MA content amorphous copolymers show a negative deviation from the linear additive behavior. The o-PS intensity shows a linear behavior with MA content with a slight deviation from the additive linear behavior for the very high-content MA copolymer. These variations in the measured positron lifetime parameters are interpreted in terms of the copolymer morphology. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Solid-State Transformer Based Fast Charging Station for Various Categories of Electric Vehicles With Batteries of Vastly Different Ratings

This article proposes a solid-state transformer (SST) based power electronic architecture for fast charging three categories of plug-in electric vehicle with batteries of vastly different voltage and power ratings. The SST accomplishes integration to a medium-voltage grid and isolation to the charging ports without the use of an LFT. Delta connected cascaded H-bridge (CHB) is used as the active front-end rectifier and quad active bridges (QABs) are utilized for the isolated dc–dc conversion stage. In the proposed architecture, an additional winding called balancing winding is provided in each of the medium-frequency transformers of the QAB. The balancing winding of the transformers are paralleled such that a circulating current flows among the transformers of the three phases, which eventually reduces the unbalance in the delta-connected clusters. Hence, the magnitude of zero-sequence current required to balance the cluster powers for a certain level of unbalance is also reduced. As a result, the total current in the devices of the CHB decreases and devices with a lesser current rating can be used. The control philosophy and detailed analysis of the system are given in the article. Experimental results with a scaled-down prototype are presented to verify the claims.
Preparation of Large-Area Uniform Silicon Nanowires Arrays through Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching

A facile fabricating method has been established for large-area uniform silicon nanowires arrays. All silicon nanowires obtained were single crystals and epitaxial on the substrate. Six kinds of silicon wafers with different types, surface orientations, and doping levels were utilized as starting materials. With the catalysis of silver nanoparticles, room-temperature mild chemical etching was conducted in aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The corresponding silicon nanowires arrays with different morphologies were obtained. The silicon nanowires possess the same type and same doping level of the starting wafer. All nanowires on the substrate have the same orientation. For instance, both (100)- and (111)-oriented p-type wafers produced silicon nanowires in the (100) direction. For every kind of silicon wafer, the effect of etching conditions, such as components of etchant, temperature, and time, were systemically investigated. This is an appropriate method to produce a.
Dynamic Pricing for Smart Mobile Edge Computing: A Reinforcement Learning Approach

This letter studies the revenue maximization problem for the mobile edge computing (MEC) system, where an access point (AP) is equipped with an MEC server, providing job offloading service for multiple resource-hungry users and charging users a service fee for it. Usually, the information about users’ personal demand is unknown and users’ job arrival rate is time-varying, which make pricing highly challenging. As such, we develop a policy gradient (PG)-based reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm. In specific, a deep neural network (DNN) is adopted as the policy network to design price policy, and a baseline neural network (BNN) is used to reduce the inherent high variance of the gradient obtained using PG. The proposed PG-based algorithm enables continuous pricing, thus constituting an advancement over the conventional Q-learning algorithm that has provided only discrete action space. Simulation results show that our proposed method converges to the optimal revenue performance, while the Q-learning algorithm suffers 44% revenue loss.
Synthesis and chemiluminescence properties of 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one and 2-methyl-6-(2-naphthyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one

New Cypridina luciferin analogues, 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one (MCLA) and 2-methyl-6-(2-naphthyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one (NCLA), were prepared together with their oxyluciferin analogues, 2-acetamido-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazine (MCOLA) and 2-acetamido-5-(2-naphthyl)pyrazine (NCOLA). Various chemiluminescence properties of these compounds were compared with those of known luciferin analogues, 2-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one (CLA) and 6-(3-indolyl)-2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one (ICLA). The light yields obtained from ICLA, MCLA, and NCLA were much higher than CLA in diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme), in which triplet oxygen was the oxidant. In aqueous solution, employing superoxide ion as the oxidant, NCLA emitted light weaker than CLA and MCLA. ICLA gave almost no light on account of no fluorescence intensity of the emitter (oxyluciferin analogue ICOLA) in aqueous solution. For applications to the detection of active oxygen species p.
An 800-V High-Density Traction Inverter—Electro-Thermal Characterization and Low-Inductance PCB Bussing Design

The need to increase the power density of traction inverters for the electrified transportation systems offers an opportunity to adopt silicon carbide (SiC) devices. To ensure the system reliability, it is critical to select a SiC power module that can dissipate a sufficient amount of power to avoid operating beyond the maximum allowed junction temperature. In this work, a comprehensive electro-thermal characterization procedure based on the virtual junction temperature concept is proposed to characterize the module’s maximum power dissipation as a function of coolant temperature. Using the characterization results, it is feasible to determine the module’s safe operating area for a traction application in terms of the switching frequency and the coolant temperature. The proposed characterization method is demonstrated on a custom 1200-V SiC module to validate its feasibility for an 800-V, 150-kVA traction inverter system. In addition, the design approach for a low-inductance bussing structure using heavy copper printed circuit board (PCB) is presented in this work, which leads to a snubberless, compact, and low-cost system design. Measurements and experimental studies have been performed to validate the effectiveness of PCB bussing design. The overall volume of the inverter system is around 1.75 L, which leads to a volumetric power density of 86 kVA/L.
A Compact Phase-Controlled Pattern-Reconfigurable Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Passive Wide-Angle Beam Scanning

The function of passive wide-angle beam scanning is desired by the base station antenna to provide “green” cellular services. In this communication, such function is realized by designing a compact phase-controlled pattern-reconfigurable dielectric resonator antenna (DRA). The proposed DRA has a compact structure with a side length of $0.38 \boldsymbol {\lambda }_{\text {c}}$ and excites the fundamental TE and TM modes by diverse ports. By assigning phase between diverse ports, E-plane tilted patterns are synthesized with ±66° scan angles. Its pattern-reconfigurable capability makes contributions for increasing array beam scanning angle and minimizing gain fluctuation. A passive four-element array is verified to have an enhanced beam scanning angle of ±81° with a gain fluctuation of 1.25 dB. The maximum gain of the scanning beam is located on the off-axis angle of ±66° and achieves a wide 3 dB scan coverage of ±105°. Good agreements have been shown between the measured and simulated results. The proposed phase-controlled pattern reconfigurable DRA and DRA arrays have an impedance bandwidth of 3.33% (2.95–3.05 GHz) for a sub-6 GHz wireless system. They enable the wide-angle beam scanning for base station antenna and provide a cost-effective passive system for “green” communications.
A 91.0-dB SFDR Single-Coarse Dual-Fine Pipelined-SAR ADC With Split-Based Background Calibration in 28-nm CMOS

This paper presents a single-coarse dual-fine architecture that improves energy-efficiency of pipelined-SAR analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). A coarse and fast sub-ADC is used to quantize the most significant bits (MSBs), which are encoded with a proposed residue transformation method to control the residue generation of the first stages in two fine channels. The residue voltages generate on the capacitive digital-to-analog converters (C-DACs) of split fine channels directly without successive approximation processes. Therefore, the conversion rate is increased and the power is reduced. A shuffle mechanism is introduced into split-ADC based digital background calibration to avoid the divergence of the conventional algorithm in the proposed architecture. A high-energy-efficiency dynamic amplifier is also introduced as the residue amplifier. A 14-bit 60-MS/s ADC is prototyped in a 28-nm CMOS process. The digital calibration engine operates under 0.9-V supply, other parts of the ADC core operate under 1.05-V supply. The ADC core consumes 4.26 mW. Measurement results show that the calibration improved the signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) and spur-free dynamic range (SFDR) dramatically, the calibrated ADC achieves SNDR and SFDR of 66.9 dB and of 91.0 dB respectively, translating to a Schreier FoM of 165.4 dB and a Walden FoM of 39.3 fJ/conversion-step.
Automatic Call Sign Detection: Matching Air Surveillance Data with Air Traffic Spoken Communications

Voice communication is the main channel to exchange information between pilots and Air-Traffic Controllers (ATCos). Recently, several projects have explored the employment of speech recognition technology to automatically extract spoken key information such as call signs, commands, and values, which can be used to reduce ATCos’ workload and increase performance and safety in Air-Traffic Control (ATC)-related activities. Nevertheless, the collection of ATC speech data is very demanding, expensive, and limited to the intrinsic speakers’ characteristics. As a solution, this paper presents ATCO2, a project that aims to develop a unique platform to collect, organize, and pre-process ATC data collected from air space. Initially, the data are gathered directly through publicly accessible radio frequency channels with VHF receivers and LiveATC, which can be considered as an “unlimited-source” of low-quality data. The ATCO2 project explores employing context information such as radar and air surveillance data (collected with ADS-B and Mode S) from the OpenSky Network (OSN) to correlate call signs automatically extracted from voice communication with those available from ADS-B channels, to eventually increase the overall call sign detection rates. More specifically, the timestamp and location of the spoken command (issued by the ATCo by voice) are extracted, and a query is sent to the OSN server to retrieve the call sign tags in ICAO format for the airplanes corresponding to the given area. Then, a word sequence provided by an automatic speech recognition system is fed into a Natural Language Processing (NLP) based module together with the set of call signs available from the ADS-B channels. The NLP module extracts the call sign, command, and command arguments from the spoken utterance.
Effect of farming practices on growth and mortality rates in triploid and diploid eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica

Commercial off-bottom aquaculture of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica is challenged by repeated summer mortality events that appear to affect triploid oysters disproportionally. Many farmers believe common farming practices, especially when performed during hot summer months, may increase triploid mortality. The goal of this study was to investigate how diploid and triploid oysters react to common stressors imposed by farmers: tumbling during size grading and desiccation to prevent biofouling. Triploid and diploid oysters were deployed in floating cages at 3 farm sites along the US Gulf of Mexico coast. In May and July, oysters in 7 cages were subjected to 1 of 6 stress treatments: 1 of 3 levels of desiccation (18, 24, or 48 h) mixed with 1 of 2 levels of tumbling (tumbled or not tumbled), along with a never handled, submersed control. The mortality and growth rate of oysters were assessed in June, August, and September. Growth rates of both ploidies were affected by compounding stressors; that is, treatments with both tumbling and the longest desiccation period exhibited slower growth. Triploid oysters exhibited a greater increase in mortality in response to farm stress than diploid oysters, and mortality increased in all oysters subjected to extreme stress treatments when compared to the control. Based on this study, farmers should limit the desiccation time of oysters (particularly triploids) in the summer months to avoid any mortality or reduced growth resulting from compounding stressor effects.
Development of a suppression method for deposition of radioactive cobalt after chemical decontamination: (III) the suppression mechanism with preoxidized ferrite film for deposition of radioactive cobalt

The Hitachi ferrite coating film process (Hi-F) has been developed to lower recontamination after chemical decontamination. In this process, the chemical decontamination process is carried out, and a fine Fe3O4 coating film is formed on the surface of stainless steel piping in an aqueous solution. In order to improve the suppression of 60Co deposition further, we combined the original Hi-F with a preoxidation step. We found the deposited amount of 60Co with preoxidized Hi-F coating film (OHi-FC) was 1/10 of that for non-coated specimens. In this study, we investigated the suppression mechanism of 60Co for the OHi-FC. The composition of OHi-FC was changed from Fe3O4 to Fe2O3 and then the crystals in the OHi-FC grew three times larger than those of the original Hi-F coating film. Consequently the corrosion amount of the stainless steel base metal was reduced by getting larger grains in the coating film. Because 60Co was incorporated into the corrosion oxide, the suppression effect of 60Co deposition by preoxidation was attributed to the suppression of the formation of the corrosion oxide by the OHi-FC.
Novel Nanocrystal Heterostructures: Crystallographic-Oriented Growth of SnO2 Nanorods onto α-Fe2O3 Nanohexahedron

The novel SnO2/α-Fe2O3 semiconductor nanocrystal heterostructures (SNCHs) were fabricated by virtue of the crystallographic-oriented growth of the SnO2 nanorods onto the α-Fe2O3 nanohexahedrons via a reverse microemulsion route. The variation of the exposure surfaces of the α-Fe2O3 precursor crystals was found to result in the change of the preferential crystallographic orientation of the SnO2 nanorods. The investigations on the structural characteristics and the morphological evolution of the SnO2/α-Fe2O3 SNCHs suggested that the heteronucleation and homonucleation of SnO2 occurred simultaneously at the early stage of the reaction, and the SnO2/α-Fe2O3 SNCHs were then well-formed by a mechanism of Ostwald ripening of the heteronucleated SnO2 particles. The “lattice dislocations” generated at the SnO2/α-Fe2O3 interfaces took the role to relieve the interfacial strain and thus facilitated the formation of the definite interfaces.
PLCDefender: Improving Remote Attestation Techniques for PLCs Using Physical Model

In order to guarantee the security of industrial control system (ICS) processes, the proper functioning of the programmable logic controllers (PLCs) must be ensured. In particular, cyberattacks can manipulate the PLC control logic program and cause terrible damage that jeopardize people’s life when bringing the state of the critical system into an unreliable state. Unfortunately, no remote attestation technique has yet been proposed that can validate the PLC control logic program using a physics-based model that demonstrates device behavior. In this article, we propose PLCDefender, a mitigation method that combines hybrid remote attestation technique with a physics-based model to preserve the control behavior integrity of ICS. We implemented PLCDefender and evaluated its effectiveness against a wide range of attacks on a secure water treatment facility. As our evaluation shows, we can model PLC physical behavior with accuracy as high as 98%. The evaluation results show that by determining the different threshold values, PLCDefender can accurately detect a wide range of attack scenarios on PLCs.
A MEMS Resonant Accelerometer With High Relative Sensitivity Based on Sensing Scheme of Electrostatically Induced Stiffness Perturbation

This paper reports a micro electromechanical system (MEMS) resonant accelerometer with high relative sensitivity based on sensing scheme of electrostatically-induced stiffness perturbation for the first time. The perturbation electrodes convert the acceleration induced displacement of proof masses to electrostatic perturbation force and cause the effective stiffness perturbation and frequency shift of the resonator. The design of structure dimensions and the application of electrostatically-induced stiffness perturbation lower the resonant frequency and improve the sensitivity, resulting in the improvement of relative sensitivity. The sensing scheme is theoretically analyzed and the device is systematically simulated by finite element analysis (FEA). The open-loop characterization demonstrates that the differential sensitivity is 297.5 Hz/g at resonant frequency of 16.061 kHz under polarization voltage of 50 V. The relative sensitivity, defined as the absolute sensitivity divided by resonant frequency, of 1.8523 %/g is much higher than the traditional resonant accelerometers based on axial force sensing. The bias instability is 0.11 mg and noise floor is 13.2 mg/ $\surd $ Hz. The performance makes the device a potentially attractive option for highly-sensitive acceleration measurements. [2020-0145]