Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward a simple model for peak pressure of underwater signals from offshore impact pile driving

A simple model is derived for the peak pressure of the underwater sound radiated when an offshore pipe pile is struck by a hammer. A pipe pile is modelled as a semi-infinite cylindrical shell of an elastic solid. Neglecting coupling between the axial and radial particle velocities results in the former being a solution of the wave equation. The impact generates a pulse of vibration that travels down the pile at the longitudinal sound-speed. At a given time after impact, the axial particle velocity increases exponentially as a function of axial distance, until the peak at a distance proportional to the time is reached. At a given distance, the axial velocity after the peak has arrived decreases exponentially with time. The radial velocity is estimated from the axial velocity using the definition of the Poisson ratio. The radiated sound pressure (which is proportional to the radial acceleration) is found to be proportional to the Poisson ratio and Young’s Modulus of the solid, hammer velocity, contact area between hammer and pile, and square of the pile radius; and inversely proportional to the hammer’s mass and the sound-speed along the pile. This model is applied to a published scenario for which the radiated sound pressure had been computed using a Finite Element Model. The simple model yields a sound pressure only one-tenth of that produced by the Finite Element Model. Some assumptions used in the model are identified that may explain the disparity.
Nocturnal activity of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in late summer: evidence of diel activity partitioning

Paired day-night underwater counts of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were completed on tributaries of the West River, Vermont, U.S.A. , between 28 August and 10 September 1995. At water temperatures ranging from 13 to 23°C, the relative count of juvenile salmon was greater at night. Nocturnal counts differed for young-of-the-year and post-young-of-the-year (PYOY) salmon, with PYOY exhibiting almost exclusive nocturnal activity. Nocturnal activity in late summer may enable salmon to maintain population densities when space and suitable feeding areas may be limited. Nocturnal activity of juvenile salmon should be considered in studies of habitat use, competition, time budgets, and associated bioenergetic processes.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE USE OF POLYPROPYLENE WASTE IN BITUMINOUS MIX

The work focuses on assessing the Marshall properties of High Density Polypropylene (HDPP) waste and its potentiality to mitigate pavement failures due to environmental and traffic loading. Based on design, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5% bitumen contents were arbitrarily selected to prepare one hundred and five (105) Marshall specimens having respectively 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0% HDPP waste in Polymer Modified (PM) asphalt concrete. The specimens were tested for stability, flow, compacted density of the mix (CDM) and void analysis. Optimum parameter for Marshall properties obtained are 27.68kN, 2.54mm, 2.45g/cm 3 , 3.39%, 16.2% and 74.10% respectively for stability, flow, CDM, VIM, VMA and VFB. The results revealed enhanced engineering properties of 2% HDPP at an optimal bitumen content of 5.5% and could satisfy strength and durability requirements of heavy traffic situation. http://dx.doi. org/10.4314/njt.v36i3. 3
Determinants of Brand Image in Social Media

The purpose of this study is to design the structural model for brand image building using in Social Media, and to research how a company can seize the moment of using social media networks to create brand image. The responses were collected using a structured questionnaire from 373 Mobile users in Higher Institute of Business Administration (HIBA), Syria  Damascus. The absence of how mangers can build brand image on social media, the study provides a model which mangers can follow to build brand image though social media and the finding can be used by mobile market. Other variable needs to be studied, such as promotion awareness and electronic word-of-mouth (E-WOM). This study does not consider all brand image dimensions. This paper’s findings suggest that mobile companies have to focus on building and creating three kind of awareness: brand awareness, advertising awareness and price awareness. The absence of model that we can follow to build brand image through social media, thus, there is a lack of in-depth analysis of this field.
Structural Analysis of Affecting Factors for Future Development of Green Spaces in Tabriz City

This paper attempts to analyze factors involved in the development of urban green spaces with a systematic and structural approach and extract the most important factors for the optimal development of urban green spaces using relationships between these factors. This applied study was conducted using a descriptive analytical method, which attempted to present solutions to structural development of green spaces in Tabriz City as a case study. This study’s findings can be generalized on cities with same condition. Thus, in order to achieve this goal, all factors involved in the development of green spaces have been initially extracted using Delphi method. Then, analysis of factors that have been extracted from MICMAC, relevance of factors involved in the development of green spaces in the city of Tabriz have been analyzed and finally key factors were determined. Eleven factors have identified as key factors that have important role in development of optimal green spaces in Tabriz city.
Practical Approach to Fragility Analysis of Bridges

Damages during past earthquakes reveal seismic vulnerability of bridge structures and the necessity of probabilistic approach toward seismic performance evaluation of bridges and its interpretation in terms of decision variables such as repair cost, downtime and life loss. This Procedure involves hazard analysis, structural analysis, damage analysis and loss analysis. The purpose of present study is reviewing different methods developed to derive fragility curves for damage analysis of bridges and demonstrating a simple procedure for fragility analysis using Microsoft Office Excel worksheet to reach probability of occurring predefined level of damage due to different levels of seismic demand parameters. The input of this procedure is the intensity of ground motion and the output is an appropriate estimate of the expected damage. Different observed damages of the bridges are discussed and compared the practical definition of damage states. Different methods of fragility analyses are discussed and a practical step by step example is illustrated.
The relationship between servant leadership, organisational citizenship behaviour and team effectiveness

Orientation: Team effectiveness and organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) are outcomes vital for team success. Servant leadership practices also play a critical role in team effectiveness and OCB. Research purpose: The goal of the study was to analyse the relationships between servant leadership, OCB and team effectiveness in the South African school system. Motivation for the study: The changing nature of leadership, coupled with the increased use of teams, necessitates a study on how follower-focused leadership practices enhance team member effectiveness. Research approach, design and method: A non-probability sample of 288 teachers was drawn from 38 schools in the Western Cape in South Africa. Item analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted on the data. Main findings: The team effectiveness and refined servant leadership questionnaires displayed high levels of internal consistency. The organisational citizenship behaviour scale exhibited moderate reliability coefficients. Good fit was found for the structural and measurement models of the latent variables through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Positive relationships were found between servant leadership, team effectiveness and OCB. Practical/managerial implications: The findings emphasise the role played by servant leadership behaviours in promoting positive behaviours and outcomes for teams. Future studies should develop the theoretical model further, by identifying other variables that influence team effectiveness positively and testing the model using revenue-oriented teams. Contribution/value-add: Schools today face the challenge of developing strategies for achieving team effectiveness. The servant leadership style recognises and promotes the one-on-one development of followers likely to promote positive outcomes and team effectiveness.
Epigenetics and Inflammation: Exploring the Link for Chronic Human Diseases Including Periodontal Disease

Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression that are not mediated by alterations of the genetic code itself but are caused by biochemical modifications of the nucleotide bases that alter the three-dimensional structure of DNA. The epigenome, consisting of chromatin and its modifications, functions as an interface between the inherited genome and the dynamism imposed by the environment. Over the past decade, there has been mounting evidence suggestive of associations between epigenetic modifications and various human conditions such as aging, and most common human diseases viz. cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, HIV, etc., and the clearest evidence as the central mechanism for common multifactorial diseases has been identified with the factors involved in the inflammatory response. This emerging knowledge can give a great contribution to the field of medicine as it can be potentially utilized to develop newer understandings about pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapies for major chronic human diseases, e.g., chronic metabolic diseases, immune-inflammatory disorders (including periodontal disease), and cancers, etc. The current paper aims to provide the clinicians a comprehensive review, based on the available supportive evidence to update this interesting concept capable of providing a better comprehension of the underlying disease mechanisms, so as to develop and decipher the novel methodologies to diagnose and treat these diseases.
The Dynamics of Leveraged and Inverse-Exchange Traded Funds

Leveraged and inverse Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) have attracted signicant assets lately. Unlike traditional ETFs, these funds have \leverage" explicitly embedded as part of their product design and are primarily used by short-term traders, but are gaining popularity with individual investors placing leveraged bets or hedging their portfolios. The structure of these funds, however, creates both intended and unintended characteristics that are not seen in traditional ETFs. This note provides a unied framework to better understand the underlying dynamics of leveraged and inverse ETFs, their impact on market volatility and liquidity, unusual features of their product design, and questions of investor suitability. In particular, leveraged funds are not well understood both by investors and industry professionals. The daily re-leveraging of these funds creates profound microstructure eects and exacerbates volatility towards the close. We also show that the gross return of a leveraged or inverse ETF has an embedded path-dependent option that under certain conditions can lead to value destruction for a buy-and-hold investor. The unsuitability of these products for longer-term investors is reinforced by the drag on returns from high transaction costs and tax ineciency. y
Automated analysis and planning of social network marketing

Managing online marketing campaigns is a repetitive and analytical process which is typically done manually by domain experts. This paper deals with the problem of how to use software to manage historical marketing data and use that as a foundation for decision-making with the purpose of optimizing future ad performance. The solution presented in this thesis involves applying both data mining and automation practices to provide decision makers with knowledge that can be enacted upon. Operators of the system input the historical data, upon which the system creates an estimation model based on said data which is used to estimate the performance of, for the system, previously unseen ads. These suggested ads can either be input by the operator or automatically created by combining existing ad properties. The solution has been validated on real-world data from an industrial partner in the social networking industry.
Amphibians as indicators of changes in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems following GM crop cultivation: a monitoring guideline

Amphibians are a suitable indicator group for monitoring possible negative direct or indirect effects of GMO cultivation at the individual and population level. Direct effects could occur in aquatic ecosystems via uptake of GM pollen or GM detritus by anuran larvae. However, indirect negative effects caused by changes in cultivation practices (changes in pesticide use, for instance) are more likely. The VDI Guideline 4333 aims to ensure comprehensive monitoring of the different life-stages of anuran species that are common in agricultural landscapes of Austria, Germany and Switzerland. The guideline includes a novel approach to tadpole monitoring. To assess immediate effects, tadpole, metamorph and adult deformation rates are compared with naturally occurring deformation rates. Adult population size, adult body condition and juvenile emergence are monitored over multiple years to assess long-term effects of GM crop cultivation on population viability. At each study site, monitoring has to be carried out at multiple amphibian breeding sites which differ in their exposure to GM crop cultivation. All monitoring data have to be stored in a central database for future meta-analyses. This will ultimately allow for generalized statements about the impact of GM crop cultivation on amphibians. Although specifically designed for GM crops, VDI Guideline 4333 may also serve as a model for studying the effects of a wider range of stressors on amphibian populations in agriculture and forestry.
An Error-Reduction Method for Temporal Phase Unwrapping Based on Double Three-Step Phase-Shifting and Least-Squares Fitting

Phase-shifting interferometry on structured light projection is widely used in 3-D surface measurement. An investigation shows that least-squares fitting can significantly decrease random error by incorporating data from the intermediate phase values, but it cannot completely eliminate nonlinear error. This paper proposes an error-reduction method based on double three-step phase-shifting algorithm and least-squares fitting, and applies it on the temporal phase unwrapping algorithm using three-frequency heterodyne principle. Theoretical analyses and experiment results show that this method can greatly save data acquisition time and improve the precision.
Welfare and Environment in Rural Uganda: Results from a Small-Area Estimation Approach

This study combines census, survey and bio-physical data to generate spatially disaggregated poverty/biomass information for rural Uganda. It makes a methodological contribution to small area welfare estimation by exploring how the inclusion of bio-physical information improves small area welfare estimates. By combining the generated poverty estimates with national bio-physical data, this study explores the contemporaneous correlation between poverty (welfare) and natural resource degradation at a level of geographic detail that has not been feasible previously. The resulting estimates of poverty measures were improved by the inclusion of bio-physical information and the poverty estimates appear to be more robust, as the standard errors show a decline of up to 40 percent in some cases. The coefficients of variation (i.e., the ratio of the standard error and the point estimate) decline in general as well. Overall, we conclude that the estimates of the poverty measures are more robust when bio-physical information is taken into account. One of the outputs of this study is a series of maps showing poverty and biomass overlays for Uganda. These maps can be used as a planning tool and for targeting purposes.
Reliability-redundancy Optimization Problem with Interval Valued Reliabilities of Components via Genetic Algorithm

This paper deals with the reliability-redundancy optimization problem considering the reliability of each component as an interval valued number that involves the selection of components with multiple choices and redundancy levels which maximize the overall system reliability subject to the given resource constraints arise on cost, volume and weight. Most of the classical mathematical methods have failed in solving the reliability-redundancy optimization problems because the objective functions as well as constraints are non-convex in nature. As an alternative to the classical mathematical methods, heuristic methods have been given much more attention by the researchers due to their easier applicability and ability to find the global optimal solutions. One of these heuristics is genetic algorithm (GA). GA is a computerized stochastic search method of global optimization based on evolutionary theory of Darwin: "The survival of the fittest" and natural genetics. Here we present GA based approach for solving interval valued mixed integer programming in reliability-redundancy optimization problem with advanced genetic operators. Finally, a numerical example has been solved and also to study the effects of changes of different GA parameters, sensitivity analyses have been carried out graphically.
Genetic Diversity and Population Genetic Structure of Cephalotaxus koreana in South Korea

The Korean plum yew (Cephalotaxus koreana Nakai) is a shade-tolerant, coniferous shrub. The seeds have been used as a folk medicine in Korea, and an alkaloid extract (HTT) is known to have anticancer properties. We estimated the genetic diversity of 429 trees in 16 populations in South Korea using 194 polymorphic amplicons from seven combinations of AFLP primer-restriction enzymes. The average number of effective alleles and the percentage of polymorphic loci were 1.37 and 79.4%, respectively. Shannon’s diversity index and the expected heterozygosity were 0.344 and 0.244, respectively. We divided 16 populations into four groups on the UPGMA dendrogram and the PCA biplot. The first two principal components explained 84% of the total genetic variation. Genetic differentiation between populations explained 14% of total genetic variation, and the remaining 86% came from difference between individuals within populations, as determined by an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). However, the genetic differentiation did not correlate with the geographic distance between populations from the Mantel test. The Bayesian statistics, which are comparable to Wright’s FST and Nei’s GST, were θ I = 0.406 and θ II = 0.172, respectively. The population genetic diversity was slightly lower, and the strength of genetic differentiation was much weaker, than the average of those plants having similar life histories, as assessed using arbitrary marker systems. We discuss strategies for the genetic conservation of the plum yew in Korea.
Research on improved K - nearest neighbor algorithm based on spark platform

Today, big data technology is growing rapidly. The birth of Hadoop makes people concerned about the study of MapReduce, And Spark through the introduction of RDD data model and memory-based computing model, So that it can be well adapted to the data mining of big data this scene, And superior to Hadoop in iterative computing, Quickly became the majority of enterprises, scholars of the research focus. K nearest neighbor algorithm(KNN is used instead of the following) is a very important classification algorithm. A lot of people are studying it, But there is no mature solution to the algorithm in the spark platform to achieve parallelization. In this paper, The author realizes the parallelization of the improved KNN on the spark platform. We use clustering algorithms, Find the weight of each training sample in the training sample set, The weights of the K samples are used to distinguish the K nearest neighbors from the test sample. It is proved by experiments that the improved KNN has better accuracy.
Communities of Practice for Student Assessment in a South Korean Middle School

This study examined the interactions of teachers with different professional development (PD) backgrounds in communities of practice (CoPs) formed for student assessment in a South Korean middle school. We analyzed the teachers’ collaborative and reflective processes regarding the development, implementation, and feedback processes for student assessment in two CoPs that each consisted of two middle school science teachers. Two different types of CoP were identified: a routine practice CoP and a challenge practice CoP. The routine practice CoP displayed weak interaction between teachers and poor PD, while the challenge practice CoP displayed stronger interaction between teachers and better PD. These two types of CoP were determined by the mutual respect between the teachers. The results of this study can contribute to the development of teacher PD based on its implications for forming teacher CoPs that induce the active participation of members and the formation of mutually respectful relationships among them.
Hybrid Bernstein Block-Pulse Functions Method for Second Kind Integral Equations with Convergence Analysis

We introduce a new combination of Bernstein polynomials (BPs) and Block-Pulse functions (BPFs) on the interval [0, 1]. These functions are suitable for finding an approximate solution of the second kind integral equation. We call this method Hybrid Bernstein Block-Pulse Functions Method (HBBPFM). This method is very simple such that an integral equation is reduced to a system of linear equations. On the other hand, convergence analysis for this method is discussed. The method is computationally very simple and attractive so that numerical examples illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of this method.
General Theory of Body Contouring: 1. Processes of Quick and Slow Modulation of Subcutaneous Fat Tissue

It is shown that modulation of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) volume after application of different physical factors in body contouring procedures cannot be characterized by a single physiological reaction with dispersed reaction times, supposing that several different dynamic processes with different characteristic reaction times must be involved. Quick modulation of sWAT with characteristic times of 103 - 105 s must be connected with such processes as hyaluronan production and consequent water retention in the tissue, as well as with reversible modulation of its mechanical properties. It is supposed that slow processes with characteristic times of up to 3 × 106 s can be caused by modulation of lipolytic activity of adipocytes through changesin their micro-environment or through their transdifferentiation, as well as through death and removal of adipocytes from sWAT.