Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entanglement growth in quench dynamics with variable range interactions

Studying entanglement growth in quantum dynamics provides both insight into the underlying microscopic processes and information about the complexity of the quantum states, which is related to the efficiency of simulations on classical computers. Recently, experiments with trapped ions, polar molecules, and Rydberg excitations have provided new opportunities to observe dynamics with long-range interactions. We explore nonequilibrium coherent dynamics after a quantum quench in such systems, identifying qualitatively different behavior as the exponent of algebraically decaying spin-spin interactions in a transverse Ising chain is varied. Computing the build-up of bipartite entanglement as well as mutual information between distant spins, we identify linear growth of entanglement entropy corresponding to propagation of quasiparticles for shorter range interactions, with the maximum rate of growth occurring when the Hamiltonian parameters match those for the quantum phase transition. Counter-intuitively, the growth of bipartite entanglement for long-range interactions is only logarithmic for most regimes, i.e., substantially slower than for shorter range interactions. Experiments with trapped ions allow for the realization of this system with a tunable interaction range, and we show that the different phenomena are robust for finite system sizes and in the presence of noise. These results can act as a direct guide for the generation of large-scale entanglement in such experiments, towards a regime where the entanglement growth can render existing classical simulations inefficient.
Generalized Parton Distributions and their Singularities

A new approach to building models of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) is discussed that is based on the factorized DD (double distribution) Ansatz within the single-DD formalism. The latter was not used before, because reconstructing GPDs from the forward limit one should start in this case with a very singular function $$f(\beta)/\beta$$ rather than with the usual parton density $$f(\beta)$$. This results in a non-integrable singularity at $$\beta=0$$ exaggerated by the fact that $$f(\beta)$$'s, on their own, have a singular $$\beta^{-a}$$ Regge behavior for small $$\beta$$. It is shown that the singularity is regulated within the GPD model of Szczepaniak et al., in which the Regge behavior is implanted through a subtracted dispersion relation for the hadron-parton scattering amplitude. It is demonstrated that using proper softening of the quark-hadron vertices in the regions of large parton virtualities results in model GPDs $$H(x,\xi)$$ that are finite and continuous at the "border point'' $$x=\xi$$. Using a simple input forward distribution, we illustrate the implementation of the new approach for explicit construction of model GPDs. As a further development, a more general method of regulating the $$\beta=0$$ singularities is proposed that is based on the separation of the initial single DD $$f(\beta, \alpha)$$ into the "plus'' part $$[f(\beta,\alpha)]_{+}$$ and the $D$-term. It is demonstrated that the "DD+D'' separation method allows to (re)derive GPD sum rules that relate the difference between the forward distribution $f(x)=H(x,0)$ and the border function $H(x,x)$ with the $D$-term function $$D(\alpha)$$.
A Case for Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks ( RAID )

Increasing performance of CPUs and memories will be squandered if not matched by a similar performance increase in I/O. While the capacity of Single Large Expensive Disk (SLED) has grown rapidly, the performance improvement of SLED has been modest. Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID), based on the magnetic disk technology developed for personal computers, offers an attractive alternative to SLED, promising improvements of an order of magnitude in performance, reliability, power consumption, and scalability. This paper introduces five levels of RAIDs, giving their relative cost/performance, and compares RAIDs to an IBM 3380 and a Fujitsu Super Eagle. 1.1 Background; Rising Memory Performance CPU and The users of computers are currently enjoying unprecedented growth in the speed of computers. Gordon Bell said that between 1974 and 1984, single chip computers improved in performance by 40% per year, about twice the rate of minicomputers [Bell 84]. In the following year Bill Joy predicted an even faster growth [Joy 85]
longitudinal Chinese NEXT study Psychosocial work environment and intention to leave the nursing profession : Results from the

Aims: A shortage of nurses happens not only in developed countries, but also in developing countries, such as in China, but the nurse turnover here makes the situation worse. Why do Chinese nurses want to leave the nursing profession? Our hypothesis is that unfavourable psychosocial work environment could predict nurses’ intention to leave (ITL). Methods: Collaborating with the EU NEXT study (Nurses’ Early eXit sTudy), the longitudinal study was conducted in China, and the psychosocial work environment was measured with the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ). A total of 3,088 registered female nurses working in hospitals were eligible for the baseline analyses by multivariate logistic regression, and 1,521 for the one-year follow-up analyses by multivariate Poisson regression. Results: A wide range of psychosocial factors at work – in particular, increased emotional demands, decreased meaning of work, decreased commitment to the workplace, and decreased job satisfaction – were associated with ITL in both baseline analyses and prospective analyses after adjusting for numerous confounders. Conclusions: The findings suggest that unfavourable psychosocial work environment predicts ITL in Chinese nurses. Improvements in the psychosocial work environment may be helpful in retention of the nursing workforce.
What Explains the Difference in the Effect of Retirement on Health? Evidence from Global Aging Data

This paper analyzes the reasons for differences in the effect of retirement on health estimated results in previous studies. We investigate these differences by focusing on the analysis methods used by these studies. Using various health indexes, numerous researchers have examined the effects of retirement on health. However, there are no unifed views on the impact of retirement on various health indexes. Consequently, we show that the choice of analysis method is one of the key factors in explaining why the estimated results of the effect of retirement on health differ. Moreover, we re-estimate the effect of retirement on health by using a fixed analysis method controlling for individual heterogeneity and endogeneity of the retirement behavior. We analyze the effect of retirement on health parameters, such as cognitive function, self-report of health, activities of daily living (ADL), depression, and body mass index in eight countries. We find that the effects of retirement on self-report of health, depression, and ADL are positive in many of these countries.
European Conference on Information Systems ( ECIS ) Summer 10-6-2011 OFFSHORING ATTITUDES , RELATIONAL BEHAVIOURS , AND DEPARTMENTAL CULTURE

The success of IT offshoring depends to some extent on the working relationships between onshore and offshore colleagues. However, as part of an organisational department‟s culture, employees can hold different attitudes towards offshoring and towards their own offshore collaboration. Previous research suggests that such „offshoring attitudes‟ can influence subgroup divides and thereby affect employees‟ motivation to build and maintain effective working relationships. Through a qualitative field study, this paper demonstrates how offshoring attitudes affected the relational behaviours of German IT developers towards their Indian offshore colleagues. Two prototypical, contrasting departmental cultures are identified with regard to German members‟ offshoring attitudes and associated relational behaviours. In particular, offshoring attitudes had an impact on Germans treating their Indian colleagues as team members versus suppliers, their intercultural communication, knowledge transfer, task transfer, and pinpointing of mistakes. The findings are interpreted with regard to Martin and Siehl‟s (1983) notion of „enhancing‟ and „countercultural‟ organisational subcultures. Implications for theory, practitioners and future research are outlined.
by Using Cowpea as the Trap Plant Agricultural Soils in the Western Amazon Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Isolated from Genetic and Symbiotic Diversity of

Published Ahead of Print 13 July 2012. 10.1128/AEM.01303-12. 2012, 78(18):6726. DOI: Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Maria de Souza Moreira Aparecida Florentino, Karina Barroso Silva and Fatima Jaramillo, Rafaela Simão Abrahão Nóbrega, Ligiane Amanda Azarias Guimarães, Paula Marcela Duque by Using Cowpea as the Trap Plant Agricultural Soils in the Western Amazon Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Isolated from Genetic and Symbiotic Diversity of
TimeElectrophoresis and Quantitative Population by PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel and Assessment of the Bifidobacterial Isolation of Bifidobacteria from Breast Milk

Published Ahead of Print 16 December 2008. 10.1128/AEM.02063-08. 2009, 75(4):965. DOI: Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Rodríguez Fernández, María L. Marín, Erwin G. Zoetendal and Juan M. Rocío Martín, Esther Jiménez, Hans Heilig, Leonides PCR Real-Time Electrophoresis and Quantitative Population by PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel and Assessment of the Bifidobacterial Isolation of Bifidobacteria from Breast Milk
Microbial Response to Potential Soil‐Stabilizing Polymer Amendments for Coastal Wetland Restoration

SSSAJ: Volume 75: Number 6 • November–December 2011 Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 75:2398–2406 Posted online 4 Oct. 2011 doi:10.2136/sssaj2011.0017 Received 13 Jan. 2011. *Corresponding author (jrwhite@lsu.edu). © Soil Science Society of America, 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Microbial Response to Potential Soil-Stabilizing Polymer Amendments for Coastal Wetland Restoration Wetland Soils
Technologies of Piracy? Exploring the Interplay Between Commercialism and Idealism in the Development of MP3 and DivX

This article compares the development of the two central “piracy standards”—MP3 (sound) and DivX (audiovisual content)—analyzing the actors, strategies, and motivations involved in their inception and diffusion. Until recently, the main focus in the research literature investigating the relationships between commercialism and idealism in the development of the Internet has been on the clashes and confrontations between two supposedly incompatible worldviews. In accordance with newer approaches such as Castells and Cardoso’s (2012) and Lobato and Thomas’ (2012), we challenge this dichotomous and irreconcilable picture by investigating the borderlands and crossings between the two sides. As we argue, the cases of MP3 and DivX are strategic for beginning the exploration of these overlooked dynamics. The actor-network theory concepts of “displacement,” “translation,” and “immutable mobiles” are employed to trace the various phases in the propagation of the two standards. By following MP3 and DivX through their displacements and translations, we argue that they have come to form two different types of moveable objects, displaying and exemplifying some of the breadth of border-crossing dynamics.
Vortex formation above prismatic-shaped cliffs; an experimental and numerical investigation

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements are used to study the flow over a cliff of isosceles prismatic elements arranged in sawtooth patterns at a yaw angle of 0 ◦. The CFD and the PIV give similar results; as the flow approaches the cliffs, it accelerates and moves up to pass the obstruction and generates two delta wing vortices on the top surface of the cliff. Introduction Wind Energy is one of the fastest growing sources of renewable energy, adding 24% to its installed capacity in 2009 to reach 159GW worldwide (WWEA, 2010). Typically taking advantage of speed-up effects over topography, coastal and exposed hilltops are preferred development sites. In Texas, which became the highest installed wind energy capacity state in the US in 2008, escarpment sites were commonly being developed, while on the south coast of Australia, many exposed headlands were seen as potentially the best sites for wind farms. In a recent review, Ayotte (2010) indicated that such sites can generate substantial turbulence, particularly lateral turbulence that is damaging to wind turbines and can seriously impact wind energy forecasts. The present study was motivated to develop a better understanding of the flow generated over complex topography as a first step in developing better site classifications, using wind-tunnel tests and numerical simulations. Whereas the flow over a forward facing step (a 2-dimensional cliff) has been well studied (Sherry et al, 2010), the study of steep 3-dimensional topography, such as found on inland escarpments and coastal headlands has received very little attention. The work of Glanville and Kwok (1997) is one of the few experimental studies of steep topography that was linked to a specific full scale site where limited field measurements were undertaken. However, the mountain studied there was nominally 2-dimensional. In the present study, first a series of wind-tunnel tests of generic 3-dimensional topography utilising isosceles triangular elements arranged in sawtooth patterns were performed, and second, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were studied to develop better understanding of flow complexity over such surface level changes with shape and wind direction.
Analysis of T-Coefficients Using the Columnar Cylindrical Orientation of Solar Cell Grain

We report the study of the temperature dependance of the performance electronic parameters of an N-P solar cell by considering as model, the columnar cylindrical orientation associated to the dynamic junction velocity (SF) concept. We presented the photocurrent-photovoltage (I-V) and Power-photovoltage (P-V) characteristic curves. The short-circuit photocurrent (Isc), the open circuit photovoltage (Uoc), the fill factor (FF) and the efficiency (η) are linearly dependent on the temperature. The temperature coefficients (T-coefficient) relative to the short-circuit, open-circuit photovoltage and efficiency are calculated and the comparison with data from the literature showed the accuracy of the considered model.
Turkey as a Migration Hub in the Middle East

This article focuses on Turkey’s process of transition from a country of emigration to a country of immigration and transit. The paper is organized in the following way: After a brief introduction, the second part of the paper will analyze the pattern of emigration from Turkey and immigration to Turkey (from the EU and Middle East) in its historical context. In the third part, theoretical expectations and empirical considerations with respect to the potential for migration from Turkey within the context of possible EU membership are outlined. In this section, a critique of the available literature estimating the amount of potential migration from Turkey and projections on the possible future migration obstacles for Turkey- if it is not successful in its accession bid for the EU membership- are presented as well. The fourth and final part of the paper analyzes the challenges and opportunities for Turkey, as it waits at the EU’s gates, in terms of migration and concludes with a call for a necessary change in Turkey’s policy to improve the management of its migration policies.
Functional redundancy in ecology and conservation

Multiple studies have shown that biodiversity loss can impair ecosystem processes, providing a sound basis for the general application of a precautionary approach to managing biodiversity. However, mechanistic details of species loss effects and the generality of impacts across ecosystem types are poorly understood. The functional niche is a useful conceptual tool for understanding redundancy, where the functional niche is defined as the area occupied by a species in an n-dimensional functional space. Experiments to assess redundancy based on a single functional attribute are biased towards finding redundancy, because species are more likely to have non-overlapping functional niches in a multi-dimensional functional space. The effect of species loss in any particular ecosystem will depend on i) the range of function and diversity of species within a functional group, ii) the relative partitioning of variance in functional space between and within functional groups, and iii) the potential for functional compensation (degree of functional niche overlap) of the species within a functional group. Future research on functional impairment with species loss should focus on identifying which species, functional groups, and ecosystems are most vulnerable to functional impairment from species loss, so that these can be prioritized for management activities directed at maintaining ecosystem function. This will require a better understanding of how the organization of diversity into discrete functional groups differs between different communities and ecosystems.
important for 1 regulation of membrane homeostasis and nuclear pore complex biogenesis 2 3

25 Proper functioning of intracellular membranes is critical for many cellular processes. A 26 key feature of membranes is their ability to adapt to changes in environmental conditions by 27 adjusting the composition of their membranes so as to maintain constant biophysical 28 properties, including fluidity and flexibility. Similar changes in biophysical properties of 29 membranes likely occur when intracellular processes such as vesicle formation and fusion 30 require dramatic changes in membrane curvature. Similar modifications must also be made 31 when nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are constructed within the existing nuclear membrane, 32 as occurs during interphase in all eukaryotes. Here, we report on the role of the essential 33 nuclear envelope/endoplasmic reticulum (NE/ER) protein, Brl1, in regulating membrane 34 composition of the NE/ER. We show that Brl1 and two other proteins characterized previously, 35 Brr6, which is closely-related to Brl1, and Apq12, function together and are required for lipid 36 homeostasis. All three transmembrane proteins are localized to the NE and can be co37 precipitated. As has been shown for mutations affecting Brr6 and Apq12, mutations in Brl1 38 lead to defects in lipid metabolism, increased sensitivity to drugs that inhibit enzymes 39 involved in lipid synthesis, and strong genetic interactions with mutations affecting lipid 40 metabolism. Mutations affecting Brl1 or Brr6 or absence of Apq12 lead to hyper-fluid 41 membranes, as mutant cells are hypersensitive to agents that increase membrane fluidity. We 42 suggest that the defects in nuclear pore complex biogenesis and mRNA export seen in these 43 mutants are consequences of defects in maintaining biophysical properties of the NE. 44
neuroprotective treatment of protein folding diseases A model in which heat shock protein 90 targets protein-folding clefts : Rationale for a new approach to

In an EBM Minireview published in 2010, we proposed that the heat shock protein (Hsp)90/Hsp70-based chaperone machinery played a major role in determining the selection of proteins that have undergone oxidative or other toxic damage for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. The proposal was based on a model in which the Hsp90 chaperone machinery regulates signaling by modulating ligand-binding clefts. The model provides a framework for thinking about the development of neuroprotective therapies for protein-folding diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and the polyglutamine expansion disorders, such as Huntington’s disease (HD) and spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). Major aberrant proteins that misfold and accumulate in these diseases are ‘‘client’’ proteins of the abundant and ubiquitous stress chaperone Hsp90. These Hsp90 client proteins include tau (AD), a-synuclein (PD), huntingtin (HD), and the expanded glutamine androgen receptor (polyQ AR) (SBMA). In this Minireview, we update our model in which Hsp90 acts on protein-folding clefts and show how it forms a rational basis for developing drugs that promote the targeted elimination of these aberrant proteins.
Explanation by Progressive Exaggeration

As machine learning methods see greater adoption and implementation in high stakes applications such as medical image diagnosis, the need for model interpretability and explanation has become more critical. Classical approaches that assess feature importance (e.g. saliency maps) do not explain how and why a particular region of an image is relevant to the prediction. We propose a method that explains the outcome of a classification black-box by gradually exaggerating the semantic effect of a given class. Given a query input to a classifier, our method produces a progressive set of plausible variations of that query, which gradually changes the posterior probability from its original class to its negation. These counter-factually generated samples preserve features unrelated to the classification decision, such that a user can employ our method as a "tuning knob" to traverse a data manifold while crossing the decision boundary. Our method is model agnostic and only requires the output value and gradient of the predictor with respect to its input.
New tools in comparative political economy : the database of political institutions

This article introduces a large new cross-country database, the database of political institutions. It covers 177 countries over 21 years, 1975-95. The article presents the intuition, construction, and definitions of the different variables. Among the novel variables introduced are several measures of checks and balances, tenure and stability, identification of party affiliation with government or opposition, and fragmentation of opposition and government parties in the legislature.
A Review of the Biology of Cerataphidini (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Hormaphidinae), Focusing Mainly on Their Life Cycles, Gall Formation, and Soldiers

Species of the aphid tribe Cerataphidini (Hormaphidinae) form galls of various shapes on Styrax trees, their primary host, throughout East and Southeast Asia including tropical rainforests. All known species of the tribe produce second-instar sterile soldiers on the primary host and some also produce first-instar sterile soldiers on the secondary host. Here, we review their complicated life cycles with or without host alternation, the formation process of their remarkable galls (flower-like multiple-cavity galls in particular), and all morphs including soldiers. The life cycles of cerataphidines are basically the same as those of the subfamily Eriosomatinae, but in tropical and subtropical regions their life cycles are not very rigidly tuned to seasonal changes in the climate if any. In addition, cerataphidine galls in these regions last at least several months, or at times even for over one year; thus it often takes longer than one year to complete their life cycles.
Preexisting Immunity Antigen in Naïve Mice and Those with Immune Responses against an Encoded Stimulate Strong Cellular and Humoral Optimized Adenovirus-Antibody Complexes

Published Ahead of Print 16 November 2011. 10.1128/CVI.05319-11. 2012, 19(1):84. DOI: Clin. Vaccine Immunol. Maria A. Croyle Craig E. Whitfill, Christopher S. Petty, Eid E. Haddad and Jin Huk Choi, Joe Dekker, Stephen C. Schafer, Jobby John, Preexisting Immunity Antigen in Naïve Mice and Those with Immune Responses against an Encoded Stimulate Strong Cellular and Humoral Optimized Adenovirus-Antibody Complexes