Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Text-based CAPTCHAs over the years

The notion of CAPTCHAs has been around for more than two decades. Since its introduction, CAPTCHAs have now become a ubiquitous part of the Internet. Over the years, research on various aspects of CAPTCHAs has evolved and different design principles have emerged. This article discusses text-based CAPTCHAs in terms of their fundamental requirements, namely, security and usability. Practicality necessitates that humans must be able to correctly solve CAPTCHA challenges, while at the same time automated computer programs should have difficulty solving the challenges. This article also presents alternative paradigms to text-based CAPTCHA design that have been examined in previous work. With the advances in techniques to defeat CAPTCHAs, the future of auto- mated Turing tests is an open question.
A subwavelength micropolarizer in a gold film for visible light

We have designed and fabricated a 100×100-μm four-sector binary subwavelength reflecting polarization microconverter in a gold film. Using the FDTD-aided numerical simulation and experiments, the micropolarizer was shown to convert an incident linearly polarized Gaussian beam of wavelength 532 nm into an azimuthally polarized beam. Conditions for generating on-axis regions of non-zero intensity when using propagating optical vortices with different initial polarization were deduced. By putting a spiral phase plate into an azimuthally polarized beam the intensity pattern was shown to change from diffraction rings to a central peak. © 2015 Optical Society of America
What drives the value of football clubs: An approach based on private and socio-emotional benefits

The present paper shows how, in the soccer clubs sector, where the average financial results are negative, the value of football clubs is not related to income, but to sales turnover and gives a theoretical explanation for that. The literature has shown that the profitability of the industry is generally negative already at the level of operating profit. However, the difference between market value and book value is broadly positive, showing that the market recognizes to these companies a quid pluris in terms of value, not explained by the most rational and generally accepted methods of business valuation. The present study aims to explain, through an empirical analysis, why the value of a football company can not be estimated only on the basis of expected financial results, but it requires considering the overall benefits for shareholders, represented also by private benefits of control and socio-emotional benefits.
Simulating the contributions of local and regional sources to fine PM in megacities

Ο καταμeριστικός αλγόριθμος ατμοσφαιρικών σωματιδίων (PSAT, Particulate Matter Source Apportionment Technology) χρησιμοποιeίται σe συνδυασμό μe το τρισδιάστατο μοντέλο χημικής μeταφοράς PMCAMx μe σκοπό να eκτιμήσeι κατά πόσο οι τοπικές eκπομπές και η μeταφορά της ρύπανσης eπηρeάζουν τα πρωτογeνή και τα δeυτeρογeνή eπίπeδα σωματιδιακών συγκeντρώσeων σe Eυρωπαϊκές μeγαλουπόλeις όπως το Παρίσι, το Λονδίνο και η κοιλάδα του ποταμού Πάδου στη βόρeια Ιταλία (Po Valley). Η πeρίπτωση του Παρισιού μeλeτήθηκe λeπτομeρώς. Κατά τη διάρκeια του καλοκαιριού και του χeιμώνα που eξeτάστηκe, μόνο το 13% των PΜ2. 5 σωματιδίων προέρχονται από τοπικές πηγές, 36% προέρχeται από eνδιάμeσeς πηγές (μeταξύ 500 km από το κέντρο του Παρισιού) και 51% από απομακρυσμένeς πeριοχές (σe αποστάσeις μeγαλύτeρeς των 500 km από το κέντρο του Παρισιού). Η συνeισφορά των τοπικών πηγών στο στοιχeιακό άνθρακα eίναι σημαντική, 60% πeρίπου του στοιχeιακού άνθρακα προέρχeται από τοπικές πηγές κατά τη διάρκeια τόσο του καλοκαιριού όσο και του χeιμώνα. Σχeδόν 50% των φρέσκων πρωτογeνών οργανικών σωματιδίων (POA) προέρχονται από τοπικές πηγές και 45% από πeριοχές 100-500 km από των αποδέκτη κατά τη διάρκeια του καλοκαιριού. Οι συνeισφορά από απομακρυσμένeς πeριοχές κυριαρχeί στα δeυτeρογeνή σωματίδια. Πeρισσότeρο από 70% των θeϊκών σωματιδίων προέρχeται από διοξeίδιο του θeίου το οποίο eκπέμπeται από αποστάσeις μeγαλύτeρeς των 500 km από το κέντρο του Παρισιού. Eπίσης πeρισσότeρο από το 45% των δeυτeρογeνών οργανικών σωματιδίων οφeίλeται στην οξeίδωση των πτητικών οργανικών eνώσeων (VOCs) που eκπέμπονται από 100 έως 500 km μακριά από το κέντρο του Παρισιού. Οι απομακρυσμένeς πeριοχές eίναι πιο σημαντικές κατά τη διάρκeια του χeιμώνα λόγω της eλάχιστης φωτοχημeίας. Τα αποτeλέσματα που προέκυψαν από τον αλγόριθμο PSAT για τις συνeισφορές των τοπικών όσο και των απομακρυσμένων πeριοχών eπίσης συγκρίνονται μe μeτρήσeις πeδίου από πeιραματικές διατάξeις στο πλαίσιο του διeθνούς προγράμματος MEGAPOLI. Ο αλγόριθμος PSAT προβλέπeι γeνικά ικανοποιητικά τις συνeισφορές σe σχέση μe αυτές που υπολογίστηκαν από τις μeτρήσeις πeδίου.
ENDEDNESS VS . STRUCTURE OF DESIGN TOOLS

In this paper, we explore types of toolsets that are suitable for design thinking processes, when design teams consist of non-designers. We have conducted a series of workshops to experiment with open-ended, semi-structured and structured tools, using design thinking for libraries as a research case. Our results clearly indicate that semi-structured tools fare best regarding variety of outputs, breadth of ideas and engagement of participants.
Moniezia , a genus of cestode worms and the proposed reduction of its species to three

The work on which this paper is based was done in the laboratory of the Zoological Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, at the suggestion of Dr. Maurice C. Hall. The material and facilities of the helminthological collection of the United States National Museiun were put at the disposal of the writer for this work. The question of the number of valid species in the genus Moniezia was taken up by G. Theiler (in 1924) at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. She found a wide range of variation in the segments of a single strobila, and came to the conclusion that only four species could be allowed, namely, M. expaiisa^ M. trigonophora^ M. henedeni, and M. alba, and of these four she expresses a doubt as to the validity of the two species M. tHgono'p'hora and M. alba. Two other
4 Genetic Transformation Strategies in Fruit Crops

Genetic transformation provides the means for adding single horticultural traits in existing cultivars without modify their commercial characteristics. This capability is particularly valuable for perennial plants and fruit tree species, in which conventional breeding is hampered by their long generation time and juvenile periods, complex reproductive biology, high levels of heterozygosity, limited genetic sources and linkage drag of undesirable traits from wild relatives. In addition, gene transfer technologies for fruit tree species take the inherent advantage of vegetative propagation used for their reproduction, which allowed for the application of a high scale production of the desired transgenic line starting from one successful transformed line. Despite this opportunity, final setting of transformation protocols in this type of species, endures major limiting factors preventing the development of new varieties: a) explants recalcitrance to regenerate adventitious transformed shoots and b) a limited regeneration capability, usually extended to just few genotypes (i.e. cultivar dependence). This chapter illustrates the road between the establishment of transformation methodologies on particular species of Vitis spp. and Prunus spp. and their use as technical baselines for achievement of transformation procedures in new, eventually more recalcitrant, cultivars or genus members.
Personality as a Moderator of the Relationship between Organizational Size and Organizational Attraction Perceptions

The ability of an organization to attract employees who will successfully execute their job duties is critical for the long-term success of any organization. Applicants considered conscientious, outgoing, enthusiastic, and emotionally stable may seem more attractive to employers than those with personalities of opposing dimensions. The present study applied a vignette approach to determine whether the personality domains of the Five Factor Model of Personality moderated the relationship between organizational size and overall organizational attractiveness. Results from a survey of 138 potential job applicants provided evidence that highly conscientious and extraverted job applicants found large firms attractive, while those who were open to experience, yet low in conscientiousness, found small firms attractive. These findings are intriguing when considering that conscientiousness is the strongest personality predictor of performance overall (Barrick, Mount, & Judge, 2001) and that individuals considered low in conscientiousness are likely to exhibit a weak work ethic and substandard performance levels. Practical implications for small organizations are provided.
downloaded from King’s Research Portal

A survey of individuals was conducted on self-diagnosed vomit phobics compared to panic disorder and non-clinical controls. Vomit phobics were overwhelmingly female and had had symptoms for over 25 years. They were signiﬁcantly more likely to fear themselves vomiting (in public and private situations) than fear others vomiting. The vomit phobics interpreted sensations of nausea as impending vomit and had a wide range of safety seeking andavoidancebehavioursthatweremaintainingtheirfear.Althoughthevomitphobicsreportedfeelingnauseousmoreoften,therewasnodifferenceintheirfrequencyofvomitingcomparedtothecontrolgroup.Theclinicalimplicationsofthestudyfortherapyarediscussed.
Enculturation of Art Value of Carving Decoration (Anthropological Studies of Preservation Efforts of Purwo Shadow Puppets in Wonogiri)

This research tends to highlight the symbolic and philosophic values of Purwo shadow puppets. Most of the study themes though emphasize its exhibition. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the process of ongoing cultural art value of carving decoration in Wonogiri, in an effort to preserve the presence of Purwo shadow puppets. This case study was conducted in Kepuhsari village, Manyaran, Wonogiri, a village considered as the Purwo shadow puppets center long since generations before until now. This research uses a qualitative approach based a fixed distinct strategy. Data were collected through open interviews, observations and analysis of the documents/record contents. Then, they were analyzed using an interactive model starting from its collection, reduction process, then presentation and verification cycle. The results showed that the art value of carving decoration of Purwo shadow puppet in Wonogiri remains indelible and continues to exist until today since it has harmoniously been nurtured / cultured in a continuous way, whether in formal or non-formal education. Informal education implies learning activities undertaken at the master‟s, who is very knowledgeable in carving decoration, which tends to be social and freely performed at his home. Whereas formal ones, regarding civilizing value of carving decoration, take place at schools, where its materials are technically integrated at local culture programs and extra-curricular activities which are contracted in a planned but scheduled as well as cultivated by appointed instructors.
Synthesis and characterization of vacancy-doped neodymium telluride for thermoelectric applications.

Thermoelectric materials exhibit a voltage under an applied thermal gradient and are the heart of radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs), which are the main power system for space missions such as Voyager I, Voyager II, and the Mars Curiosity rover. However, materials currently in use enable only modest thermal-to-electrical conversion efficiencies near 6.5% at the system level, warranting the development of material systems with improved thermoelectric performance. Previous work has demonstrated large thermoelectric figures of merit for lanthanum telluride (La3-x Te4), a high-temperature n-type material, achieving a peak zT value of 1.1 at 1275 K at an optimum cation vacancy concentration. Here we present an investigation of the thermoelectric properties of neodymium telluride (Nd3-x Te4), another rare-earth telluride with a similar structure to La3-x Te4. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations predicted a significant increase in the Seebeck coefficient over La3-x Te4 at equivalent vacancy concentrations due to an increased density of states (DOS) near the Fermi level from the 4f electrons of Nd. The high temperature electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity were measured for Nd3-x Te4 at various carrier concentrations. These measurements were compared to La3-x Te4 in order to elucidate the impact of the four 4f electrons of Nd on the transport properties of Nd3-x Te4. A zT of 1.2 was achieved at 1273 K for Nd2.78Te4, which is a 10% improvement over that of La2.74Te4.
The biogeographical assignment of a west Kenyan rain forest remnant: further evidence from analysis of its reptile fauna

Aim The Kakamega Forest, western Kenya, has been biogeographically assigned to both lowland and montane forest biomes, or has even been considered to be unique. Most frequently it has been linked with the Guineo‐Congolian rain forest block. The present paper aims to test six alternative hypotheses of the zoogeographical relationships between this forest remnant and other African forests using reptiles as a model group. Reptiles are relatively slow dispersers, compared with flying organisms (Aves and Odonata) on which former hypotheses have been based, and may thus result in a more conservative biogeographical analysis.
Physiotherapists' and occupational therapists' perceptions of the assessment of stroke patients for musculoskeletal rehabilitation in the UK national health service *

Background and Purpose: This exploratory study focused on the assessment of stroke patients for musculoskeletal rehabilitation in the United Kingdom National Health Service. It was the first phase of research on developing telerehabilitation for the assessment of patients who have had a stroke. The assessment of stroke patients for musculoskeletal rehabilitation is currently performed at the therapist’s discretion using different outcome measures. When looking at the Department of Health’s “National Clinical Guidelines for Stroke”, it is stated that there are a variety of outcome measures, yet no particular one is recommended. It is specified that each rehabilitation sector should select its own methodologies. Aim: The aim of this exploratory study was to understand physiotherapists’ and occupational therapists’ perspectives of the strengths and weaknesses of current rehabilitative assessment of stroke patients in the UK National Health Service. Methods: This study had 2 parts, non-participant observation with 2 therapists and 3 patients, and 10 semi-structured interviews with 5 physiotherapists and 5 occupational therapists to identify current practice, problem areas, and what types of improvements could be made. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic coding. Results: Seven emergent themes were identified portraying how outcome measures are currently not being used in a standardized way within National Health Service hospitals. This means that the feedback provided to patients, therapists and healthcare commissioners is limited. Therapists are currently performing more informal assessments each time a patient begins therapy and concerns are shown with these methods of assessment, including subjectivity, standardization issues and time. Interviewed therapists were clear that they believed that change is required within this field. Conclusions: This study raises concerns about the methodologies used for the assessment of stroke patients for rehabilitative purposes in the United Kingdom National Health Service.
Effects of Roads and Crabbing Pressures on Diamondback Terrapin Populations in Coastal Georgia

ABSTRACT Human activities, including the harvesting of natural resources and land development, place substantial pressure on wildlife. The diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) is a small, estuarine species of emydid turtle in decline and at risk due to a suite of human activities. Vehicle-induced mortality from increasing coastal traffic and bycatch mortality in crab pots have been recognized as 2 of the primary conservation concerns for terrapins. We used mark-recapture estimates of terrapin density and sex ratio from repeated seining samples of 29 randomly stratified selected tidal creeks to evaluate the current relationships between road and crabbing pressures and the abundance, sex ratio, and size distribution of terrapin populations along the Georgia coast. We obtained 2005 captures of 1,547 individual terrapins among 29 tidal creeks sampled. Population density estimates ranged from 0 to 1,040 terrapins/km among tidal creeks with a median density of 65 terrapins/km. Among all sites, terrapin density declined with increasing crabbing activity within the creek, but was not related to proximity to roads. Sex ratios did not vary significantly with crabbing activity or proximity to roads; however, we found a significantly larger proportion of smaller-sized terrapins in creeks with no crabbing activity. Although roads may have significant localized effects on terrapin populations, we found no measurable association between proximity to roads and current variation in terrapin density along the Georgia coast. However, we did find that terrapin density and the proportion of smaller sized individuals within the population were negatively associated with crabbing activities. Bycatch from commercial and recreational activities threaten many species. We add to a growing body of research showing crabbing activities are affecting diamondback terrapin populations across much of the species' range. States committed to the conservation of terrapins and coastal species should focus on reducing bycatch risk; for example by regulating soak times and locations, requiring the use of bycatch reduction devices, and removing abandoned or lost crab pots from coastal habitats.
The Effect of Human Resources Management on Organisational Performance

In the last thirty years, change became a part of life in all the areas. All those developments and globalisation aff ect the markets and have caused radical changes in employees’ relationships. One of the most obvious examples of this change is the shift in the understanding of labour management. Th e competitive business world, sustainable competitive advantage is the basic factor for reaching organisational strategies. On the present day, fi rm’s success broadly depends on the capabilities of its employees. Companies may have capital and technology, but it is the HRM that will help companies face the challenges of globalisation of business. Human resources practices appear to have a vital importance to the success of organisational performance.
Prediction for Web Personalization : A Review By

This paper proposes a survey of Web Page Ranking for web personalization. Web page prefetching has been widely used to reduce the access latency problem of the Internet. However, if most prefetched web pages are not visited by the users in their subsequent accesses, the limited network bandwidth and server resources will not be used efficiently and may worsen the access delay problem. Therefore, it is critical that we have an accurate prediction method during prefetching. The technique like Markov models have been widely used to represent and analyze user‘s navigational behavior (usage data) in the Web graph, using the transitional probabilities between web pages, as recorded in the web logs. The recorded users‘ navigation is used to extract popular web paths and predict current users‘ next steps.
Bidirectional feedback dynamic particle filter with big data for the particle degeneracy problem

: Particle Filter (PF) is a data assimilation method to solve recursive state estimation problem which does not depend on the assumption of Gaussian noise, and is able to be applied for various systems even with non-linear and non-Gaussian noise. However, while applying PF in dynamic systems, PF undergoes particle degeneracy, sample impoverishment, and problems of high computational complexity. Rapidly developing sensing technologies are providing highly convenient availability of real-time big trafﬁc data from the system under study like never before. Moreover, some sensors can even receive control commands to adjust their monitoring parameters. To address these problems, a bidirectional dynamic data-driven improvement framework for PF (B3DPF) is proposed. The B3DPF enhances feedback between the simulation model and the big trafﬁc data collected by the sensors, which means the execution strategies (sensor data management, parameters used in the weight computation, resampling) of B3DPF can be optimized based on the simulation results and the types and dimensions of trafﬁc data injected into B3DPF can be adjusted dynamically. The ﬁrst experiment indicates that the B3DPF overcomes particle degeneracy and sample impoverishment problems and accurately estimates the state at a faster speed than the normal PF. More importantly, the new method has higher accuracy for multidimensional random systems. In the rest of experiments, the proposed framework is applied to estimate the trafﬁc state on a real road network and obtains satisfactory results. More experiments can be designed to validate the universal properties of B3DPF.
Site effects and soil-structure resonance study in the Kobarid basin (NW Slovenia) using microtremors

Abstract. The town of Kobarid is located in one of three areas with the highest seismic hazard in Slovenia. It was hit by several 1976–1977 Friuli sequence earthquakes and recently by the 1998 and 2004 Krn Mountains earthquakes which caused damage of intensity up to VII EMS-98 scale. The town is located in a small basin filled with heterogeneous glaciofluvial Quaternary sediments in which site effects due to soft sediments are expected. The existing microzonation which is based on surface geological data only is inadequate, and no borehole or geophysical data are available in the basin that would allow a modelling approach of site effects assessment. The microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method was therefore applied in order to assess the fundamental frequency of the sediments. Investigations were performed on a 100×100 m dense grid and 106 free-field measurements acquired. Clear HVSR peaks were obtained in the majority of the surveyed area. The eastern part of the basin is characterized by two well separated peaks which indicate distinct shallow and deep impedance contrasts. The iso-frequency map of sediments shows a distribution in a broad range of 1.8–22.2 Hz. The observed frequencies can be related to the total thickness of Quaternary sediments (sand, gravel) in the western part of the basin only. They are deposited over bedrock built of Cretaceous flysch. In the eastern part the obtained fundamental frequencies are influenced by the presence of a shallow conglomerate layer inside sandy gravel or lacustrine chalk. The extent of these layers was not known before. Microtremor measurements were also performed inside 19 characteristic buildings of various heights (from two to four stories), and longitudinal and transverse fundamental frequencies determined from amplitude spectra. A potential of soil-structure resonance was assessed by comparing building frequencies with the free-field sediments frequencies derived from the iso-frequency map. For two surveyed buildings a high danger of soil-structure resonance was assessed and for three buildings the danger was of medium level. The building resonant frequency of two- and three-story houses, which prevail in the area, spans the range 4–11 Hz, with an average value of 7.7 Hz. The danger of soil-structure resonance should be therefore sought in this frequency range. Since the majority of Kobarid area is characterized by lower (W part) or higher (E part) frequencies, the danger exist mainly in a relatively narrow transition zone.