Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of CMOS integrated frequency synthesizers for ultra-wideband wireless communications systems

Design of CMOS Integrated Frequency Synthesizers for Ultra-wideband Wireless Communications Systems. (Auguest 2007) Haitao Tong, B.S., Southeast University, China; M.S., Southeast University, China Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Aydın İlker Karşılayan Ultra-wide band (UWB) system is a breakthrough in wireless communication, as it provides data rate one order higher than existing ones. This dissertation focuses on the design of CMOS integrated frequency synthesizer and its building blocks used in UWB system. A mixer-based frequency synthesizer architecture is proposed to satisfy the agile frequency hopping requirement, which is no more than 9.5 ns, three orders faster than conventional phase-locked loop (PLL)-based synthesizers. Harmonic cancelation technique is extended and applied to suppress the undesired harmonic mixing components. Simulation shows that sidebands at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz are below 36 dBc from carrier. The frequency synthesizer contains a novel quadrature VCO based on the capacitive source degeneration structure. The QVCO tackles the jeopardous ambiguity of the oscillation frequency in conventional QVCOs. Measurement shows that the 5-GHz CSD-QVCO in 0.18 μm CMOS technology draws 5.2 mA current from a 1.2 V power supply. Its phase noise is -120 dBc at 3 MHz offset. Compared with existing phase shift LC QVCOs, the proposed CSD-QVCO presents better phase noise and power efficiency. Finally, a novel injection locking frequency divider (ILFD) is presented. Implemented with three stages in 0.18 μm CMOS technology, the ILFD draws 3-mA
Multiple damages detection of structure based on hierarchical genetic algorithm

On the basis of a hierarchical genetic algorithm(HGA)and the idea of structural optimization,a method for multiple damages detection of an Euler-Bernoulli beam and a 2-D plate structure was presented.The algorithm employed control genes to represent the number and location of multiple damages and parametric genes to denote damage extents,effectively avoiding the premature phenomenon of conventional genetic algorithm(CGA). The results of a cantilever beam and a 2-D cantilever plate simulation examples show that the good agreements with the actual situation can be obtained by using the present method,but CGA can't accurately predict multiple damages of the plate.For the simulation of the cantilever beam,the average values of depth prediction errors for HGA and CGA are 0.144% and 1.819%,respectively.The iteration numbers of finite element computation of HGA are only 16.4% of that of CGA.Compared with CGA,HGA remarkably improves the computational efficiency,accuracy and stability.
Decentralized overlapping control for speed and tension in reversing cold-strip mill

To tackle the coupling between the speed and tension and to coordinate their control,we propose a decentral-ized overlapping control strategy for a reversing cold-strip rolling mill.The original state space is expanded into multiple decoupled overlapped subsystems based on the principles of inclusion and overlapping decomposition.The control law for each subsystem is developed by applying the linear quadratic(LQ) optimization and the sequential control method.By contracting the designed control laws to the original state space,we obtain the desired controller for the original system.A simulation is carried out on the speed and tension control system of 1422 mm reversing cold-strip mill.Results show that the proposed strategy reduces the coupling between the speed and tension,realizes the coordinated control for main rolling,the left and right coilers,improves the dynamic performance of the tension control system and raises the precision of the tension during acceleration and deceleration.
Optimization of a U-Bend for Minimal Pressure Loss in Internal Cooling Channels: Part I—Numerical Method

This two-parts paper addresses the design of a U-bend for serpentine internal cooling channels optimized for minimal pressure loss. The total pressure loss for the flow in a U-bend is a critical design parameter as it augments the pressure required at the inlet of the cooling system, resulting in a lower global efficiency. In this first part of the paper the design methodology of the cooling channel is presented. The minimization of the total pressure loss is achieved by means of a numerical optimization method that uses a metamodel assisted differential evolution algorithm in combination with an incompressible Navier-Stokes solver. The profiles of the internal and external side of the bend are parameterized using piece-wise Bezier curves. This allows for a wide variety of shapes, respecting the manufacturability constraints of the design. The pressure loss is computed by the Navier-Stokes solver, which is based on a two-equation turbulence model and is available from the open source software OpenFOAM. The numerical method predicts an improvement of 36% in total pressure drop with respect to a circular U-bend, mainly due to the reduction of the separated flow region along the internal side of the bend. The resulting design is subjected to experimental validation, presented in Part II of the paper.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Evaluation of Anti Estrogenic Activity and Anti-Osteoporotic Activity of Extracted Quercetin from Bambusa arundinacea Leaves on Ovariectomized Rats

Phytoestrogens has now become a emerging era of interest for the researchers. The mimicking effects of phytoestrogens had lead to its wide use in reproductive system. In this study it was aimed to study the estrogenic activity and anti-osteoporotic activity of isolated quercetin female Wistar rats. The estrogenic effect was analyzed by uterotropic assay, vaginal cytology and measurement of vaginal opening in female Wistar rats. The administration of isolated quercetin in ovariectomized immature and mature female Wistar rats in a dose of 30 mg/kg b.w. resulted in significant increase in the uterine wet weight when compared with ovariectomized control rats. The treated rats, showing only Cornified epithelial cells was an indication of the presence of the estrogen and also showed 100% vaginal opening. Thirty six female albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=6). After 60 days of Ovariectomy, animals were treated with of isolated quercetin for the next 45 days. Finally femur bone length, weight, bone ash calcium level, and bone mineral density (BMD) were estimated. The levels of serum alkaline phosphates (ALP), calcium, and phosphorous, and bone histopathology were also evaluated. OVX-induced increased serum ALP, calcium, and phosphorous levels were impaired in of isolated quercetin treated rats. The isolated quercetin which was evident by uterotropic assay, measurement of vaginal opening, and histopathological changes. It also exhibited a significant anti-osteoporotic effect in the experimental model of OVX-induced osteoporosis in rats, indicating advantageous effect in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Thus it concludes the Anti Estrogenic activity and Anti-Osteoporotic activity of extracted Quercetin from Bambusa arundinacea leaves on ovariectomized rats.
Design of beam position monitor

A method for optimizing the design of beam position monitors (BPM) is described. The finite element method was used to calculate the induced charge produced on four-button electrodes of the BPM. The normalization coefficient could be calculated from this induced signal according to the least square method. Then the design of BPMs with different capabilities was carried out.
Modeling the Impact of Dynamic Fin-Width on the I– V, C– V and RF Characteristics of GaN Fin–HEMTs

In this article, we introduce an engineering approach to model the current and charge characteristics of an AlGaN/GaN Fin–HEMT. The model handles the effective width of the 2DEG channel by considering its depletion due to the presence of gates on the sidewalls of the fin. This width modulation of the 2DEG, and the bias-dependence associated with it, significantly affects the transconductance and the capacitance behavior of the device. In this work, we modify and couple two industry-standard compact models: 1) the advanced SPICE model for GaN HEMTs (ASM-GaN-HEMT) model and 2) the Berkeley short-channel insulated-gate FET model for common multiple gate (BSIM-CMG) model. While the former provides the physics-based calculations for electrostatics and transport in the 2DEG, the latter is incorporated to account for the width-modulation due to the sidewalls. The developed methodology is validated for dc, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and RF behavior against experimental data of GaN Fin–HEMTs. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first compact model that provides an end-to-end dc–radio frequencies (RF) modeling solution for the state-of-the-art GaN Fin–HEMTs and therefore could play a role in the evolution of the GaN Fin–HEMT technology.
Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance in World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2017–2019

To better guide the regional response to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), we report the burden of AMR over time in countries in the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region. To assess the capacities of national infection prevention and control and antimicrobial stewardship programs, we analyzed data on bloodstream infections reported to the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System during 2017–2019, data from 7 countries on nationally representative surveys of antimicrobial prescriptions, and data from 2 regional surveys. The median proportion of bloodstream infections was highest for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. (70.3%) and lowest for carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (4.6%). Results of the regional assessments indicate that few countries have capacities for infection prevention and control and antimicrobial stewardship programs to prevent emergence and spread of AMR. Overall, the magnitude of the problem and the limited capacity to respond emphasize the need for regional political leadership in addressing AMR.
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Forest Fire Detection

We proposed a deep learning method for forest fire detection. We train both a full image and fine grained patch fire classifier in a joined deep convolutional neural networks (CNN). The fire detection is operated in a cascaded fashion, ie the full image is first tested by the global image-level classifier, if fire is detected, the fine grained patch classifier is followed to detect the precise location of fire patches. Our fire patch detector obtains 97% and 90% detection accuracy on training and testing datasets respectively. To facilitate the evaluation of various fire detectors in the community, we build a fire detection benchmark. According to our best knowledge, this is the first one with patch-level annotations.
Compressive Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging and Autofocusing by Augmented Lagrangian Methods

We consider the problem of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image reconstruction from undersampled data in the presence of phase errors. We formulate the problem as one of estimating both the phase errors and the underlying image simultaneously through optimization. Within that optimization framework, we use a combination of priors that have proven useful in radar imaging, including strong sparse scattering in the image domain, as well as piecewise smoothness (i.e., gradient sparsity). To solve the resulting optimization problems, we propose an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), an augmented Lagrangian method, for compressive SAR image reconstruction. We use simulated and real data at varying undersampling rates to study the performance of the proposed method and compare it against existing methods in terms of convergence speed and reconstruction quality. Our method provides significant improvements in terms of image reconstruction quality and computation speed, as well as phase error estimation performance.
Development of the Music Teaching System Based on Speech Recognition and Artificial Intelligence

Intelligent music teaching is the direction of subsequent reforms in music teaching methods. In order to improve the intelligence of music teaching, this paper conducts research on speech recognition technology. The speech conversion system based on Multiscale Star GAN extracts different levels of multiscale features of the global features of music utterance through the multiscale structure, which enhances the details of the converted speech and uses residual connections to alleviate the problem of gradient disappearance and enable the network to spread more deeply. In addition, after improving the speech recognition algorithm, this paper combines the needs of music teaching to construct a music teaching system based on speech recognition and artificial intelligence and designs system functional modules. Finally, this paper evaluates the performance of the system constructed in this paper by means of teaching experiments. From the experimental analysis, it can be seen that the system constructed in this paper has a good teaching effect.
Experimental Investigation of VTOL UAV Cyclocopter with Four Rotors

Cyclocopter propelled by cycloidal blade system is a new concept of VTOL aircraft. The cycloidal blade system, which can be described as a horizontal rotary wing, offers powerful thrust levels, and a unique ability to change the direction of the thrust almost instantly. This paper investigates cyclocopter with four rotors. The aircraft is designed through CFD and FE structural analyses. Elliptic blades and swash plate are applied to the rotor system, to improve rotor performance and control mechanism. Efficient DC brushless motors and LiPo batteries are used for power transmissions. Almost all parts of rotor blades and fuselage are made in composite material. Thrust and required power are measured by experiment, and it shows that the rotor system produces enough thrust to maneuver the aircraft.
A Transformer-Based Technique to Improve Tuning Range and Phase Noise of a 20–28GHz LCVCO and a 51–62GHz Self-Mixing LCVCO

Varactors in RF CMOS processes often have significantly lower Q- factor (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q_{VAR}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) than inductors and transformers at mm-wave frequencies. Direct connection of varactors to the outputs of an LC oscillator lowers overall tank Q, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q_{T} < Q_{VAR}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and at the same time, increases the ratio of parasitic capacitance to total tank capacitance which limits frequency tuning range (FTR). Instead, magnetically coupling a varactor to the oscillator core using an asymmetric transformer, where the core is connected to the primary and varactor to the secondary, limits the drop in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The ratio of parasitic capacitance to total tank capacitance is also reduced. The varactor can also be operated in accumulation-mode, with a larger <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q_{VAR}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Thus, both FTR and phase noise (PN), in comparison to traditional tanks in LC VCOs, are improved simultaneously. In this paper, two VCO prototypes are implemented in 65-nm CMOS. A 60 GHz self-mixing VCO with a VCO core operating at 20 GHz shows an FTR of 18.5%, a PN of −92.5 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, and an FoM<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of −187.1 dBc/Hz. A 25 GHz VCO shows an FTR of 29.9%, a PN of −107.9 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, and an FoM<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of −194.2 dBc/Hz.
Examining Public Sentiments and Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccination: Infoveillance Study Using Twitter Posts

Background A global rollout of vaccinations is currently underway to mitigate and protect people from the COVID-19 pandemic. Several individuals have been using social media platforms such as Twitter as an outlet to express their feelings, concerns, and opinions about COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination programs. This study examined COVID-19 vaccine–related tweets from January 1, 2020, to April 30, 2021, to uncover the topics, themes, and variations in sentiments of public Twitter users. Objective The aim of this study was to examine key themes and topics from COVID-19 vaccine–related English tweets posted by individuals, and to explore the trends and variations in public opinions and sentiments. Methods We gathered and assessed a corpus of 2.94 million COVID-19 vaccine–related tweets made by 1.2 million individuals. We used CoreX topic modeling to explore the themes and topics underlying the tweets, and used VADER sentiment analysis to compute sentiment scores and examine weekly trends. We also performed qualitative content analysis of the top three topics pertaining to COVID-19 vaccination. Results Topic modeling yielded 16 topics that were grouped into 6 broader themes underlying the COVID-19 vaccination tweets. The most tweeted topic about COVID-19 vaccination was related to vaccination policy, specifically whether vaccines needed to be mandated or optional (13.94%), followed by vaccine hesitancy (12.63%) and postvaccination symptoms and effects (10.44%) Average compound sentiment scores were negative throughout the 16 weeks for the topics postvaccination symptoms and side effects and hoax/conspiracy. However, consistent positive sentiment scores were observed for the topics vaccination disclosure, vaccine efficacy, clinical trials and approvals, affordability, regulation, distribution and shortage, travel, appointment and scheduling, vaccination sites, advocacy, opinion leaders and endorsement, and gratitude toward health care workers. Reversal in sentiment scores in a few weeks was observed for the topics vaccination eligibility and hesitancy. Conclusions Identification of dominant themes, topics, sentiments, and changing trends about COVID-19 vaccination can aid governments and health care agencies to frame appropriate vaccination programs, policies, and rollouts.
Multiple-Walrasian Auction Mechanism for Tree Valuation Service in NFV Market

As a new and effective technology, network function virtualization (NFV) manages network nodes to improve service performance for the next-generation network. Despite its promised effectiveness, efficiently deploying the functions to different consumers is the major difficulty presented in NFV. In this article, the multiple-Walrasian auction graphic model combined with virtual network functions of different bundled tree nodes based on Vickrey–Clarke–Grove (VCG) payment is proposed to maximize the social effectiveness of NFV. It is the first work to define the virtualized service as a tree valuation in the NFV market. To solve this problem, novel algorithms, including the valuation structure algorithm and auction strategy, are implemented along with the NFV to schedule network resources. With all theories considered, we conducted a comprehensive simulation to verify the tree valuation mechanism. The results confirmed that the tree valuation mechanism outperforms the backpack auction model and reserve auction model with respect to social welfare.
New vector field microcosmic model for traffic flow

According to the theory of field and the correlative traffic flow theories,a new vector field microcosmic model for non motorized traffic flow is presented based on the analysis of the characteristics of non motorized vehicle.It treats the velocity and acceleration of vehicle as vectors and considers all the actions from around movement objects and road.Computer simulation and regressive analysis show that the traffic model can realize the traffic characteristics of non motorized vehicle well.
Exchange Rate and Capital Flight: An Empirical Analysis

Exchange rate volatility and declining capital inflow are important policy issues that inform macroeconomic policies and strategies of developing countries. Most developing economies have small potential resource base, faces foreign exchange volatility and limited market of agricultural products, thus investigating the role of capital flight is significant for these states. Cognizant of this, the study will try to answer the paradox of capital outflow and exchange uncertainty. The research will investigate the influence of exchange rate differential on capital flight in East Africa economies for the year 1988-2018 using panel secondary data. The empirical analysis was guided by investment creation theorem. The study adopted ordinary least squares estimation to analyse the relation between the study variables. The study estimations has identified that exchange rate positively influences capital outflow in East African states. The positive effect of currency change on capital outflow implied that capital outflow was sensitive to currency depreciation. Accelerated currency devaluation erodes domestic investors confidence to hold local currency, citizens will likely move to foreign markets and assets to avoid negative effect of devaluation. Government policymakers should pursue strategies and policies that can slow currency uncertainty in order to tame capital outflow. These policies and strategies include fostering of both fiscal and monetary disciplines and good governance.
Short-term power load forecasting method based on improved extreme learning machine

In order to improve the precision of short-term power load forecasting, a short-term power load forecasting model based on improved extreme learning machine (MELM) is proposed. The structural risk minimization principle and least squares support vector machine are integrated into the model in order to solve the overfitting problem commonly faced by traditional extreme learning machine (ELM) in short-term forecasting. Experimental results using real-world data from electrical power systems show that the forecasting model is better than ELM and OS-ELM in both generalization performance and predictive accuracy, and may provide an effective and practical way for the short-term power load forecasting.
Successful EUS-guided Hepaticogastrostomy in a Patient with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma after Right Hemihepatectomy and Roux-en-Y Anastomosis.

1) Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology with Internal Disease Unit, Teaching Hospital No 1 in Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland; 2) Medical Department, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland; 3) Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany; 4) Laboratory of Metabolic Liver Diseases, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland IMAGE OF THE ISSUE DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.15403/jgld-4110