Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adherence and Its Associated Factors Among Adult HIV-Infected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in South Western Ethiopia, 2020

Background Good adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses the viral load, reconstitutes the immune system, and decreases opportunistic infections among HIV-positive patients. However, adherence to ART is still challenging in developing countries such as Ethiopia. The study, therefore, aimed to assess adherence and its associated factors among HIV-positive patients on ART in southern Ethiopia in 2020. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 329 randomly selected participants. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data through a face-to-face interview from January 23 to February 23, 2020. Data were entered into Epidata 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used for analysis. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant in a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results In total, 274 patients (83.3%) had good adherence to ART, while 16.7% did not adhere. Age between 39 and 49 years old (AOR=0.068, 95% CI 0.008, 0.578), urban residency (AOR=5.186, 95% CI 1.732, 15.529), an educational status of being unable to read and write (AOR=0.097, 95% CI 0.012, 0.771), an educational status of reading and writing with no formal education (AOR=0.056, 95% CI 0.006, 0.532), comorbidity (AOR=0.042, 95% CI 0.013, 0.139), disclosure (AOR=3.583, 95% CI 1.008, 12.739), WHO clinical stage II (AOR=0.098, 95% CI 0.021, 0.453), and CD4 count ≥500 cells/mm3 (AOR=5.634, 95% CI 1.203, 26.383) were significantly associated with adherence to ART among patients. Conclusion The adherence of patients to ART is relatively low compared to other studies conducted in different regions. Age 39–49 years, educational status, comorbidity, and WHO clinical staging were negatively associated with ART adherence. Residency, disclosure, and current CD4 category greater than or equal to 500 cells/mm3 were positively associated with adherence. Good counseling to patients from rural areas, with low educational status, and with low CD4 counts, and on the importance of disclosure, is recommended and should be given by professionals.
MAFLD Criteria Guide the Subtyping of Patients with Fatty Liver Disease

Background and Aims Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is diagnosed in patients with hepatic steatosis when they have the following three metabolic conditions: obesity/overweight, diabetes and metabolic dysregulation, either alone or in combination. There is no clarity whether subtypes of MAFLD diagnosed by different metabolic conditions carry different levels of risk for intra- and extra-hepatic organs. This study aims to depict the characteristics of these subtypes in a large population. Methods The data were retrieved from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys of the United States. The clinical and biochemical features in different MAFLD subtypes were compared. The outcome of interest was significant and advanced fibrosis. Results Out of 4,087 (31.24%) participants with MAFLD, 1,165 (28.51%) were diagnosed by single metabolic condition, 2,053 (50.23%) by two conditions, and 869 (21.26%) by all three metabolic conditions. With increasing numbers of metabolic conditions, participants tended to be older, were more likely to be female, and had more severe renal impairment and liver fibrosis (P<0.05). MAFLD patients with a lower number of metabolic conditions were more likely to have excessive alcohol consumption. Among MAFLD with single metabolic condition, those diagnosed by diabetes alone had the highest proportion of advanced fibrosis identified by non-invasive fibrosis models (P<0.05). Conclusion More metabolic conditions upon the diagnosis of MALFD indicate higher risk of fibrosis. Patients with MAFLD diagnosed by diabetes alone are more likely to have advanced hepatic fibrosis than those with other metabolic conditions alone. Individualized management is required for MAFLD with different subtypes.
Evaluation of FGFR1 as a diagnostic biomarker for ovarian cancer using TCGA and GEO datasets

Background Malignant ovarian cancer is associated with the highest mortality of all gynecological tumors. Designing therapeutic targets that are specific to OC tissue is important for optimizing OC therapies. This study aims to identify different expression patterns of genes related to FGFR1 and the usefulness of FGFR1 as diagnostic biomarker for OC. Methods We collected data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. In the TCGA cohort we analyzed clinical information according to patient characteristics, including age, stage, grade, longest dimension of the tumor and the presence of a residual tumor. GEO data served as a validation set. We obtained data on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the two microarray datasets. We then used gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to analyze the DEG data in order to identify enriched pathways related to FGFR1. Results Differential expression analysis revealed that FGFR1 was significantly downregulated in OC specimens. 303 patients were included in the TCGA cohort. The GEO dataset confirmed these findings using information on 75 Asian patients. The GSE105437 and GSE12470 database highlighted the significant diagnostic value of FGFR1 in identifying OC (AUC = 1, p = 0.0009 and AUC = 0.8256, p = 0.0015 respectively). Conclusions Our study examined existing TCGA and GEO datasets for novel factors associated with OC and identified FGFR1 as a potential diagnostic factor. Further investigation is warranted to characterize the role played by FGFR1 in OC.
COVID-19-Induced Anxiety and Associated Factors Among Urban Residents in West Shewa Zone, Central Ethiopia, 2020

Background The COVID-19 pandemic affects the public overall psychological status including anxiety. Assessing the perceived risk and preventive behaviors and COVID-19-induced anxiety of every individual is crucial to be more effective in handling the outbreak. Purpose This study intends to determine the status of perceived risk, preventive behavior, and induced anxiety regarding COVID-19 among urban residents in Ethiopia. Methods In this research a population-based, cross-sectional design was employed among 801 urban residents in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia from June to October 2020. COVID-19 Induced Anxiety Scale (CIAS) was used, with CIAS score ≥80% taken as having anxiety. A Preventive Behavior towards COVID-19 Scale (PBCS) was used to measure the level of protective behavior. The data were gathered using CS Entry and analyzed with SPSS version 23.0. Basic descriptive analysis was conducted, and binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the predictors associated with anxiety. Results Most of the study population, 716 (89.4%), had moderate risk perception, and around 497 (62.0%) of them had moderate preventive behavior against the pandemic. The proportion of COVID-19-induced anxiety disorder was found to be 18.1%. The identified predictors associated with COVID-induced anxiety were: being widowed (AOR=3.5; 95% CI: 1.7–7.6), lacking formal education (AOR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.3–3.3), having history of psychoactive substance use (AOR=3.0; 95% CI: 1.6–5.8), high protective behavior (AOR=2.2; 95% CI:1.5–3.3), low perceived risk (OR=3.7; 95% CI: 1.5–12.4), and family history of mental illness (AOR=1.6; 95% CI:0.7–3.8). Conclusion and Recommendation COVID-19-induced anxiety prevalence was 18.1%. Risk perception regarding COVID was moderate. However, only 38.0% of the population had high preventive behavior against the pandemic. Hence, it is important to provide the continuous public health education necessary to promote preventive measures and minimize risky behaviors. Basic psychosocial help should be also provided for individuals suffering with COVID-19-induced anxiety.
Social behavior of musk deer during the mating season potentially influences the diversity of their gut microbiome

An increasing body of research has revealed that social behavior shapes the animal gut microbiome community and leads to the similarity among the same social group. However, some additional factors (e.g., diet and habitat within each social group) may also contribute to this similarity within the social group and dissimilarity between social groups. Here, we investigated the potential correlation between social behavior and the gut microbiome community in 179 musk deer from four breeding regions in the Maerkang Captive Center, Sichuan. The dominant gut microbiome phyla in the musk deer in this study were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. We found significant effects on the alpha and beta diversity of the gut microbiome due to the breeding regions. The similarity within breeding regions was higher than that between the breeding regions. Due to their solitary lifestyle, captive musk deer are raised in single cages with no direct social contact most of the time. Deer in all of the breeding regions have the same diet and similar living conditions. However, during each mating season from November to January, in each region, one adult male and about six adult females will be put together into a large cage. Social behavior happens during cohabitation, including mating behavior, grooming within the same sex or between different sexes, and other social contact. Therefore, we speculated that high similarity within the breeding region might be associated with the social behavior during the mating season. This was a simple and straightforward example of the relationship between animal social behavior and the gut microbiome.
Effect of Glucose Variability on Pancreatic Cancer Through Regulation of COL6A1

Background Pancreatic cancer (PC), a devastating cancer worldwide, remains dismal prognosis due to its clinical elusiveness, especially in relation to diabetes mellitus (DM). The study aims to investigate the effect of glucose variability on COL6A1 in PC cancer cells and the prognostic potential of COL6A1 for PC patient associated with DM. Methods After PC cancer cell lines of AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 were treated with hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, Giemsa staining and Transwell chamber were performed to assay plate clone formation, migration and invasion. Expressions of COL6A1 of PC cancer cell lines under different extracellular glucose levels were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The level of COL6A1 expression in PC patients with/without DM was further observed with immunohistochemistry. The prognostic impact of COL6A1 on PC patients with DM was assessed by Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis. Results Hyperglycemia promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of PC cancer cells compared with hypoglycemia. Glucose variability could regulate expression of COL6A1 in PC cancer cells, both Col6a1 mRNA and COL6A1 protein upregulated in cancer cells cultured with hyperglycemic than that with hypoglycemic. The level of COL6A1 expression was higher in PC patients with DM than that without DM. Besides, COL6A1 was significantly associated with the clinical prognosis of PC patients with DM, higher COL6A1 leading to lower overall survival (OS). Conclusion Glucose variability had effect on PC cancer cells through regulation of COL6A1. Accordingly, COL6A1 was associated with poorer prognosis in PC patients with DM.
Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of methylmalonic acidaemia and propionic acidaemia: First revision

Isolated methylmalonic acidaemia (MMA) and propionic acidaemia (PA) are rare inherited metabolic diseases. Six years ago, a detailed evaluation of the available evidence on diagnosis and management of these disorders has been published for the first time. The article received considerable attention, illustrating the importance of an expert panel to evaluate and compile recommendations to guide rare disease patient care. Since that time, a growing body of evidence on transplant outcomes in MMA and PA patients and use of precursor free amino acid mixtures allows for updates of the guidelines. In this article, we aim to incorporate this newly published knowledge and provide a revised version of the guidelines. The analysis was performed by a panel of multidisciplinary health care experts, who followed an updated guideline development methodology (GRADE). Hence, the full body of evidence up until autumn 2019 was re‐evaluated, analysed and graded. As a result, 21 updated recommendations were compiled in a more concise paper with a focus on the existing evidence to enable well‐informed decisions in the context of MMA and PA patient care.
Supplementary Information for INTERMEDIUM-M encodes an HvAP2L-H5 ortholog and is required for inflorescence indeterminacy and spikelet determinacy in barley

Jinshun Zhonga,b,c,1, G. Wilma van Esseb,c,d, Xiaojing Bia,b, Tianyu Lana,b, Agatha Wallaa,b,c, Qing Sangb, Rainer Franzenb and Maria von Korffa,b,c,1 aInstitute for Plant Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; bMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-vonLinne-Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany; cCluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, “SMART Plants for Tomorrow’s Needs”, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; dLaboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
A PZT–PVDF Stacked Transducer for Short-Pulse Ultrasound Therapy and Monitoring

Therapeutic ultrasound technologies using microbubbles require a feedback control system to perform the treatment in a safe and effective manner. Current feedback control technologies utilize the microbubble’s acoustic emissions to adjust the treatment acoustic parameters. Typical systems use two separated transducers: one for transmission and the other for reception. However, separating the transmitter and receiver leads to foci misalignment. This limitation could be resolved by arranging the transmitter and receiver in a stacked configuration. Taking advantage of an increasing number of short-pulse-based therapeutic methods, we have constructed a lead zirconate titanate–polyvinylidene fluoride (PZT–PVDF) stacked transducer design that allows the transmission and reception of short-pulse ultrasound from the same location. Our design had a piston transmitter composed of a PZT disk (1 MHz, 12.7 mm in diameter), a backing layer, and two matching layers. A layer of PVDF ( $28~\mu \text{m}$ in thickness, 12.7 mm in diameter) was placed at the front surface of the transmitter for reception. Transmission and reception from the same location were demonstrated in pulse-echo experiments where PZT transmitted a pulse and both PZT and PVDF received the echo. The echo signal received by the PVDF was $0.43~\mu \text{s}$ shorter than the signal received by the PZT. Reception of broadband acoustic emissions using the PVDF was also demonstrated in experiments where microbubbles were exposed to ultrasound pulses. Thus, we have shown that our PZT–PVDF stack design has unique transmission and reception features that could be incorporated into a multielement array design that improves focal superimposing, transmission efficiency, and reception sensitivity.
Nodal staging convergence for HPV− and HPV+ oropharyngeal carcinoma

Modern disease staging systems have restructured human papillomavirus (HPV)‐negative (HPV−) and HPV‐positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) into distinct pathologic nodal systems. Given that quantitative lymph node (LN) burden is the dominant prognostic factor in most head and neck cancers, we investigated whether HPV− and HPV+ OPC warrant divergent pathologic nodal classification.
Evaluation of Cam Deformity on 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography With the Best-Fit Sphere Technique and the Alpha Angle Marking Method

Background: Three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) is commonly used for the evaluation of cam deformity; however, it does not display the cam border directly. Purpose: To compare the efficacy of the best-fit sphere (BFS) method and the alpha angle marking (AAM) method in 3D-CT evaluation for the cam border. Study Design: Cohort study (Diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Twenty-six cases of cam deformity, confirmed during hip arthroscopy, were included in this study. All patients underwent a CT scan before surgery. Using multiplanar reconstruction, we obtained reformatted CT images of oblique axial, oblique coronal, and radial views. The alpha angle and femoral head-neck offset ratio (hnoR) were measured on the reformatted CT images. The cam area on 3D-CT was displayed in 4 different ways: by importing the markers from the reformatted CT images of the oblique axial view (cam-oa), the oblique coronal view (cam-oc), or the radial view (cam-r) using the AAM method, or by using the BFS method (cam-bfs). The sizes and locations of the displayed cams were compared. Results: All hips in this study had an alpha angle greater than 60° and an hnoR smaller than 0.17. The radial view measured a larger alpha angle and smaller hnoR than the oblique axial and coronal views (P < .05). The areas of cam-oa, cam-oc, cam-r, and cam-bfs were 161.47 ± 27.96, 89.78 ± 19.23, 241.73 ± 34.55, and 329.75 ± 42.73 mm2, respectively, and their medial-to-lateral ranges along the acetabulum (clockface referents) were 12:30 to 03:00, 11:30 to 01:30, 11:30 to 03:00, and 11:00 to 03:30, respectively. Among the 4 displays, cam-bfs had the largest area and medial-to-lateral range (P < .05), and cam-r had the second largest area and range (P < .05). No significant difference in the mean distances from the acetabular rim to the superior border was detected among the 4 displays (P > .05). Conclusion: The cam area displayed by the BFS method on 3D-CT was larger than those evaluated by the AAM method. In the reformatted CT, the sizes and locations of cam deformity differed among the oblique axial, oblique coronal, and radial views, with the radial view showing the greatest area.
Combined assessment of dissolution and epithelial permeability of solid oral dosage forms

COMBINED ASSESSMENT OF DISSOLUTION AND INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY OF SOLID ORAL DOSAGE FORMS Assessing dissolution and Caco-2 permeability to estimate the in vivo performance of solid oral dosage forms is done since decades. However, permeability assays applying Caco-2 monolayers exhibit the drawback that, in contrast to dissolution testing, a complete dosage form is not eligible for conventional epithelial permeability assays. Hence, an apparatus was developed providing the possibility to assess permeability of solid oral dosage forms based on combination of a Caco-2 monolayer and a flow through dissolution cell. Combination of the dissolution and permeation module was performed using a depressurized stream splitter. Experiments with varying propranolol HCl tablets yielded plausible and conclusive results. Furthermore, data of these experiments were used to perform computational modelling of the concentration time trends within the apparatus. In order to increase throughput and to decrease manpower, the apparatus was automated by means of sequential injection technique (SIA) permitting online sampling and drug quantification. Finally, experiments with furosemide, a BCS class 4 compound, were carried out. In summary, a novel tool for has been developed, which is able to monitor influences of excipients concomitantly on both dissolution and permeability through the small intestinal cell line Caco-2. Kurzzusammenfassung: KOMBINIERTE BESTIMMUNG VON AUFLOSUNG UND EPITHELIALER PERMEABILITAT VON FESTEN ORALEN ARZNEIFORMEN Dissolutionsund PermeabilitatsTests werden seit langerem zur Abschatzung der Bioverfugbarkeit nach oraler Administration verwendet. Traditionelle, auf Caco-2 Zellmonolayern basierende Permeabilitatstest haben jedoch den Nachteil, das man im Gegensatz zu Dissolutionstests nicht die komplette Arzneiform auf ihre epitheliale Permeabilitat testen kann. Ausgehend davon wurde eine Testapparatur zur Permeabilitatsbestimmung fester oraler Arzneiformen entwickelt. Die Kombination PermeationDissolution wurde hierbei durch eine Verbindung der Module mit Hilfe eines druckfreien Stromteilers bewerkstelligt. Experimente mit verschiedenen Propranolol HCl Tabletten ergaben plausible und schlussige Ergebnisse. Des weiteren wurden mit Hilfe der Daten aus diesen Experimenten die Konzentrations-Zeit Profile innerhalb der Testapparatur mittels eines computerbasierten Modells zu simuliert. Im Rahmen der Weiterentwicklung wurde die komplette Testapparatur automatisiert, so das sowohl die Probennahme als auch die Arzneistoffquantifizierung programmiert ablaufen. Daneben wurden auch Experimente mit Lasix® Tabletten (40 mg Furosemid) durchgefuhrt. Zusammenfassend kann die Testapparatur als neuartiges Werkzeug gesehen werden, welches die Sichtbarmachung der Einflusse von Hilfsstoffen sowohl auf die Dissolution als auch auf die intestinale Permeation ermoglicht.
Incidence, Complications, and Factors Associated with Out-of-Hospital First Attempt Intubation Failure in Adult Patients: A Secondary Analysis of the CURASMUR Trial Data

Abstract Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate first attempt intubation failure rate, its associated factors, and its related complications in out-of-hospital emergency setting, when emergency physicians perform standardized airway management using rapid sequence intubation in adult patients. Material and methods: The present study was a substudy of the Succinylcholine versus Rocuronium for out-of-hospital Emergency Intubation (CURASMUR) Trial, which compared Succinylcholine and Rocuronium used for Rapid sequence intubation. First attempt Intubation failure rate and early intubation related complications were recorded. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine first intubation failure associated factors. Results: A total of 1230 patients were included with mean age of 55.9 +/- 19 years. First attempt intubation failure was recorded in 285 (23.2%) patients. The occurrence of a first attempt intubation failure was independently associated with history of ear, nose, and throat neoplasia (OR 2.20, CI 95% 1.06–4.60). Early intubation related complications were more frequent in case of first attempt intubation failure: 80 of 285 (28.4%) in patients with first attempt intubation failure and 185 of 945 (19.6%) in patients with successful first attempt intubation [OR 1.44; CI 95%, 1.11–1.87]. Conclusion: Based on a large multicenter study on out-of-hospital tracheal intubation of adult patients, we found that first attempt intubation failure rate was high and that history of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) neoplasia was an independent associated factor. Failure in first intubation attempt was associated with significantly more intubation related complications.