Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of integrating robotic exoskeleton gait training in inpatient rehabilitation

Abstract Objective: Learning to walk is a major goal of inpatient rehabilitation and robotic exoskeletons may provide a new gait training approach. Our purpose was to determine the feasibility of integrating the Ekso Gait Training device into inpatient rehabilitation in a neurologic population. Design: Longitudinal cohort design and convenience sample including physical therapists trained to use the Ekso Bionics Ekso GT™ robotic exoskeleton or inpatients with stroke or SCI. Therapists completed a focus group and survey at baseline and 6 months after initial Ekso training. Patients completed a survey indicating their satisfaction with using the Ekso. Results: Twenty-five patients used the Ekso an average of 4.5 sessions during their 38.5-day rehabilitation stay. Survey and focus group feedback revealed that therapists encountered measurement difficulties with the Ekso and limited treatment time influencing effectiveness of usage. After 6 months, therapists reported an improvement in feasibility. Patients tolerated Ekso sessions well, without any complications or adverse incidents, and reported improved mobility post session. Conclusion: Integrating Ekso gait training into clinical practice was not seamless but appears feasible. Barriers were addressed within the rehabilitation team and received administrative support in a process lasting several months. Patients enjoyed walking in Ekso and felt secure within the device. Implications for rehabilitation Integrating Ekso gait training into clinical practice during inpatient rehabilitation is feasible. Overcoming barriers to implementation required administrative support and clinician persistence over several months. Patients tolerated Ekso sessions well, without any complications or adverse incidents.
What is important for the sustained implementation of evidence-based brief psychotherapy interventions in psychiatric care? A quantitative evaluation of a real-world programme

Abstract Purpose: Behavioural activation and motivational interviewing, both evidence-based treatments (EBTs), were implemented in secondary psychiatric care. This longitudinal evaluation of a real-world programme focused on the penetration of EBT adoption and its associations with therapist-related and perceived intervention-related variables. The implementation plan was also compared to sub-processes of Normalization Process Theory. Material and methods: Six participating units employed 72 therapists regularly and they comprise the target group. Due to staff turnover, a total of 84 therapists were trained stepwise. Three survey points (q1, q2, q3) were set for a four-year cycle beginning a year after the initial training and completed 4–5 months after closing patient recruitment. The implementation plan included two workshop days, one for each EBT, and subsequent case consultation groups and other more general strategies. Results: Fifty-seven (68%) of programme-trained therapists responded to one or more of three questionnaires. The self-reported penetration covers about a third of the target group a few months after the completion of the programme. Therapists' favourable perceptions of the EBTs regarding relative advantage, compatibility and complexity were associated with their sustained adoption. Therapists’ background factors (e.g. work experience) and positive adoption intention at q1 did not predict the actual adoption of the EBTs at q3. No specific sustainment strategies were included in the implementation plan. Conclusion: Brief but multi-faceted training with subsequent case consultations promoted the adoption of EBTs in a real-world setting. Adding specific sustainment strategies to the implementation plan is proposed to ensure the long-term survival of the implementation outcomes. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02520271.
Natural infection by Culex flavivirus in Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes captured in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso Mid‐Western Brazil

New species of insect‐specific viruses (ISV) have been reported worldwide. In the present study, the complete genome of Culex flavivirus (CxFV) and partial sequences of other ISVs in Culex quinquefasciatus Say 1823 females (n = 3425) sampled in 200 urban areas census tracts of Cuiaba, state of Mato Grosso, were identified via reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction for a NS5 region of flaviviruses, nucleotide and high‐throughput sequencing, and viral isolation in C6/36 cells. CxFV was detected in 16 of 403 mosquito pools; sequences found in the study presented a high similarity with isolates from São Paulo, Brazil and other countries in Latin American that belong to genotype II, supporting the geographical influence on CxFV evolution. The monthly maximum likelihood estimation for CxFV ranged from 1.81 to 9.94 per 1000 mosquitoes. In addition to the CxFV complete genome, one pool contained an ORF1 sequence (756 bp) that belongs to a novel Negevirus from the Sandewavirus supergroup most similar to the Santana virus (77.1%) and another pool presented an RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase sequence (1081 bp) of a novel Rhabdovirus most similar to Wuhan mosquito virus 9 (44%). After three passages in C6/36 cells, only CxFV was isolated from these co‐infected pools. The importance of ISVs relies on their possible ability to interfere with arbovirus replication in competent vectors.
Looking down on Others to Feel Good about the Self: The Exposure Effects of Online Model Pictures on Men’s Self-Esteem

ABSTRACT This study examined how exposure to online pictures of male models with different body sizes (thin, overweight) and physical attractiveness levels (attractive, unattractive) affected men’s self-esteem (appearance- and weight-related self-esteem). Men exposed to attractive model pictures showed lower appearance-related self-esteem compared with those exposed to unattractive models. Among participants who were exposed to overweight models, those who were exposed to attractive models showed lower appearance- and weight-related self-esteem compared with those exposed to unattractive models. Men who saw themselves as more attractive or thinner than the models showed higher appearance- or weight-related self-esteem. The results imply a downward social comparison effect in which men reported higher self-esteem when exposed to model pictures they found less attractive or heavier compared with themselves.
Randomised trials with provision for early stopping for benefit (or harm): The impact on the estimated treatment effect

Stopping rules for clinical trials are primarily intended to control Type I error rates if interim analyses are planned, but less is known about the impact that potential stopping has on estimating treatment benefit. In this paper, we derive analytic expressions for (1) the over‐estimation of benefit in studies that stop early, (2) the under‐estimation of benefit in completed studies, and (3) the overall bias in studies with a stopping rule. We also examine the probability of stopping early and the situation in meta‐analyses.
Motor Behavior Concepts in the Study of Balance: A Scoping Review

Abstract Previous research suggests that using Fitts’ law; attentional focus or challenge point framework (CPF) is beneficial in balance control studies. A scoping review was conducted to examine studies that utilized these motor behavior concepts during balance control tasks. An extensive literature search was performed up to January 2018. Two independent reviewers conducted a study selection process followed by data extraction of the search results. Forty-six studies were identified, with 2 studies related to CPF, 12 studies related to Fitts’ law and 32 studies related to focus of attention. The CPF appears to be a useful method for designing a progressive therapeutic program. Fitts’ law can be used as a tool for controlling the difficulty of motor tasks. Focus of attention studies indicate that adopting an external focus of attention improves task performance. Overall, studies included in this review report benefit when using the selected motor behavior concepts. However, the majority (>80%) of studies included in the review involved healthy populations, with only three clinical trials. In order to ascertain the benefits of the selected motor behavior concepts in clinical settings, future research should focus on using these concepts for clinical trials to examine balance control among people with balance impairments.
Local anesthesia for Reduction of Nasal Bone Fracture: our experience

Introduction: Nasal bone fractures are very common injuries, redu ction under local anesthesia is the usual managemen t, yet there is controversy about the efficacy of this management and if it satisfies the patient's funct io al and cosmetic needs. Objective: To assess both efficacy of nasal bone reduction und er local anesthesia and patient's degree of satisfaction in regards to aesthetic and functional results. Patients and Methods: Retrospective analysis and review of 31 patients underwent nasal bone reduction under local anesthesia in Prince Hashim Military hospital in Z arqa, Jordan between May 2015 and June 2016. Digital and instrum ental reduction under local anesthesia was performe d with and without splint application after clinical and radio logical assessment. Results were evaluated by objec tive linical examination and subjective functional and cosmetic satisfaction. Results: Patients were divided into two groups according to gender, group A: males 23 (74.19%), gr oup B: females 8 (25.8%), 20 patients of group A (8 6.95%) were happy with the functional and cosmetic outcome, 3 p atients of group A (13.04%) were not happy with the cosmetic outcome but happy regarding the functional outcome, 5 patients of group B were happy with the function al and cosmetic outcome, 3 patients of group B were not happy regar ding the cosmetic outcome but satisfied with the fu nctional outcome, all patients in both groups except one patient in g roup A were had patent nasal airway on clinical and e oscopic examination. 2 patients from both groups sought rev ision surgery for cosmetic concerns only. Conclusion: Use of local anesthesia for reduction of nasal bone fractures of f rs both patent nasal airway and satisfactory cosm etic results.
Scleroderma patients with antibodies against the large subunits of both RNA polymerases-I and -III are protected against cancer

Objectives: While compelling data suggest a cancer-induced autoimmunity model in scleroderma patients with anti-RNA polymerase III large subunit (anti-RPC155) antibodies, ~85% of these patients do not manifest cancer. We hypothesized that anti-RPC155-positive scleroderma patients without detectable cancer target additional autoantigens. Methods: 168 scleroderma patients with anti-RPC155 antibodies were studied: 80 with a cancer history, and 88 with no cancer diagnosis after >5 years of follow-up. Thirty-five (17 with cancer, 18 without cancer) were randomly selected for autoantibody discovery using immunoprecipitation. An ~194 kDa band was enriched in the subgroup without cancer; this was defined as RNA polymerase I large subunit (RPA194). Results: RPA194 generated by in vitro transcription/translation was used for immunoprecipitations performed on the entire cohort to test whether anti-RPA194 was enriched among anti-RPC155-positive patients without cancer. Anti-RPA194 antibodies were significantly more common in the group without cancer (16/88, 18.2%) than the group with cancer (3/80, 3.8%; p=0.003). Patients with anti-RPA194 and anti-RPC155 were significantly less likely to have severe gastrointestinal disease (26.3% vs 51.0%, p=0.043) than patients with only anti-RPC155. Conclusions: Anti-RPA194 antibodies are enriched in anti-RPC155-positive scleroderma patients without cancer. Since somatic mutations in the gene encoding RPC155 in scleroderma patient cancers appears to play a role in immune response initiation against RPC155 in those patients, these data raise the possibility that the development of immune responses to both RPC155 and RPA194 may influence clinical cancer emergence. Further study is required to define whether different autoantibody combinations have utility as tools for cancer risk stratification in scleroderma.
Structural basis for interaction of DivIVA/GpsB proteins with their ligands

DivIVA proteins and their GpsB homologues are late cell division proteins found in Gram‐positive bacteria. DivIVA/GpsB proteins associate with the inner leaflet of the cytosolic membrane and act as scaffolds for other proteins required for cell growth and division. DivIVA/GpsB proteins comprise an N‐terminal lipid‐binding domain for membrane association fused to C‐terminal domains supporting oligomerization. Despite sharing the same domain organization, DivIVA and GpsB serve different cellular functions: DivIVA plays diverse roles in division site selection, chromosome segregation and controlling peptidoglycan homeostasis, whereas GpsB contributes to the spatiotemporal control of penicillin‐binding protein activity. The crystal structures of the lipid‐binding domains of DivIVA from Bacillus subtilis and GpsB from several species share a fold unique to this group of proteins, whereas the C‐terminal domains of DivIVA and GpsB are radically different. A number of pivotal features identified from the crystal structures explain the functional differences between the proteins. Herein we discuss these structural and functional relationships and recent advances in our understanding of how DivIVA/GpsB proteins bind and recruit their interaction partners, knowledge that might be useful for future structure‐based DivIVA/GpsB inhibitor design.
Dissociation rate compensation mechanism for budding yeast pioneer transcription factors

Nucleosomes restrict the occupancy of most transcription factors (TF) by reducing binding and accelerating dissociation, while a small group of TFs have high affinities to nucleosome-embedded sites and facilitate nucleosome displacement. To mechanistically understand this process, we investigated two S. cerevisiae TFs, Reb1 and Cbf1. We show these factors bind their sites within nucleosomes with similar affinities to naked DNA, trapping a partially unwrapped nucleosome without histone eviction. Both the binding and dissociation rates of Reb1 and Cbf1 are significantly slower at the nucleosomal sites relative to DNA, demonstrating that the high affinities are achieved by increasing the dwell time on nucleosomes to compensate for reduced binding. Reb1 also shows slow migration rate in the yeast nuclei. These properties are similar to human pioneer factors (PFs), suggesting the mechanism of nucleosome targeting is conserved from yeast to human.
Thermoregulatory traits combine with range shifts to alter the future of montane ant assemblages

Predicting and understanding the biological response to future climate change is a pressing challenge for humanity. In the 21st century, many species will move into higher latitudes and higher elevations as the climate warms. In addition, the relative abundances of species within local assemblages are likely to change. Both effects have implications for how ecosystems function. Few biodiversity forecasts, however, take account of both shifting ranges and changing abundances. We provide a novel analysis predicting the potential changes to assemblage‐level relative abundances in the 21st century. We use an established relationship linking ant abundance and their colour and size traits to temperature and UV‐B to predict future abundance changes. We also predict future temperature driven range shifts and use these to alter the available species pool for our trait‐mediated abundance predictions. We do this across three continents under a low greenhouse gas emissions scenario (RCP2.6) and a business‐as‐usual scenario (RCP8.5). Under RCP2.6, predicted changes to ant assemblages by 2100 are moderate. On average, species richness will increase by 26%, while species composition and relative abundance structure will be 26% and 30% different, respectively, compared with modern assemblages. Under RCP8.5, however, highland assemblages face almost a tripling of species richness and compositional and relative abundance changes of 66% and 77%. Critically, we predict that future assemblages could be reorganized in terms of which species are common and which are rare: future highland assemblages will not simply comprise upslope shifts of modern lowland assemblages. These forecasts reveal the potential for radical change to montane ant assemblages by the end of the 21st century if temperature increases continue. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating trait–environment relationships into future biodiversity predictions. Looking forward, the major challenge is to understand how ecosystem processes will respond to compositional and relative abundance changes.
The Kepler Field of View Covered with the LAMOST Spectrscopic OBservations = Application of the ROTFIT pipeline to the LAMOST Spetra

For 51,385 stars in the field of view of the Kepler space telescope, we provide a homogeneous determination of the atmospheric parameters (Teff , log g, and [Fe/H]) and the radial velocities (RV ). The projected rotational velocities (v sin i) have been measured for the rapid rotators (v sin i > 120 km s−1). For the cool stars (Teff < 6000 K), the Hα and Ca ii infrared triplet (IRT) fluxes have been computed. Those parameters have been obtained from the spectroscopic observations acquired with the LAMOST instrument in the observing seasons 2011-2014. Our analysis was carried out with a purposely developed version of the code ROTFIT. The typical accuracy of our determinations is 10–15 km s−1 in RV , 3.5% in Teff , 0.3 dex in log g, and 0.2 dex in [Fe/H]. All the spectra have been searched for peculiarities.
Field evaluation of reduced rate Brassicaceae seed meal amendment and rootstock genotype on the microbiome and control of apple replant disease.

An orchard field trial was conducted to assess the utility of reduced rate Brassicaceae seed meal (SM) amendment in concert with specific rootstock genotypes for effective control of apple replant disease. Three amendment rates of a 1:1 formulation of Brassica juncea/Sinapis alba SM were compared to pre-plant 1,3-dichloropropene/chloropicrin soil fumigation for disease control efficacy. When applied at the highest rate (6.6 t ha-1) in the spring of planting, SM caused significant phytotoxicity and tree mortality, which was higher for Gala.M26 than Gala.G41 but was not observed at SM application rates of 2.2 or 4.4 t ha-1. SM treatment resulted in growth and yield increases of Gala.M.26 and Gala.G.41 trees in a manner similar to the fumigation treatment and significantly greater than the no treatment control. Tree growth in soils treated with SM at 4.4 t ha-1 was similar or superior to that obtained with SM at 6.6 t ha-1 and superior to that attained at a SM application rate of 2.2 t ha-1. Soil fumigation and all SM treatments reduced Pratylenchus penetrans root infestation relative to the control treatment at the end of the initial growing season. Lesion nematode root densities in the fumigation treatment, but not SM treatments, rapidly recovered and were indistinguishable from the control at the end of the second growing season. Soil fumigation and all SM treatments significantly suppressed Pythium spp. root infection relative to the control. Trees grafted to rootstock G.41 possessed lower P. penetrans root densities relative to trees grafted to rootstock M.26. One year after planting, composition of microbial communities from SM-amended soils was distinct from those detected in control and fumigated soils, and the differences were amplified with increasing SM application rate. Specific fungal and bacterial phyla associated with suppression of plant pathogens were more abundant in SM-treated soil relative to the control and were similar in abundance in 4.4 and 6.6 t ha-1 SM treatments. Findings from this study demonstrated that use of the appropriate apple rootstock genotype will allow for effective replant disease control at SM application rates significantly less than that utilized previously (6.6 t ha-1).
The burden of pertussis in older adults: what is the role of vaccination? A systematic literature review

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pertussis (whooping cough) is a vaccine-preventable disease; however, neither natural- nor vaccine-induced protection is life-long. Although generally not severe in adults, pertussis can be associated with complications in patients with chronic conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and can be readily transmitted to more vulnerable populations, including neonates before they complete their primary vaccination. Furthermore, as the global population ages, the health and economic burden of the disease is expected to rise. Areas covered: A systematic literature review was conducted to ascertain the current epidemiological and financial burden of pertussis in older adults and to discuss the potential value of a booster vaccination in this population. Expert commentary: Our review indicates a considerable underestimation of the pertussis burden amongst older adults. Seroprevalence studies consistently demonstrate that the reported incidence may be much lower than the actual incidence. Tetanus toxoid-reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccines are immunogenic in older adults, induce high booster responses and are well-tolerated. There is therefore a good rationale for the advocacy of booster pertussis vaccination throughout life to prevent pertussis infection and its transmission, especially in adults aged ≥50 years.
Emerging from the ice‐fungal communities are diverse and dynamic in earliest soil developmental stages of a receding glacier

Summary We used amplicon sequencing and isolation of fungi from in‐growth mesh bags to identify active fungi in three earliest stages of soil development (SSD) at a glacier forefield (0–3, 9–14, 18–25 years after retreat of glacial ice). Soil organic matter and nutrient concentrations were extremely low, but the fungal diversity was high [220 operational taxonomic units (OTUs)/138 cultivated OTUs]. A clear successional trend was observed along SSDs, and species richness increased with time. Distinct changes in fungal community composition occurred with the advent of vascular plants. Fungal communities of recently deglaciated soil are most distinctive and rather similar to communities typical for cryoconite or ice. This indicates melting water as an important inoculum for native soil. Moreover, distinct seasonal differences were detected in fungal communities. Some fungal taxa, especially of the class Microbotryomycetes, showed a clear preference for winter and early SSD. Our results provide insight into new facets regarding the ecology of fungal taxa, for example, by showing that many fungal taxa might have an alternative, saprobial lifestyle in snow‐covered, as supposed for a few biotrophic plant pathogens of class Pucciniomycetes. The isolated fungi include a high proportion of unknown species, which can be formally described and used for experimental approaches.