Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NICE’s Indirect Coal-to-Liquid Process for Producing Clean Transportation Fuels Using Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

China is currently the world’s top coal consumer and the largest oil importer to sustain its rising economy and meet the mounting demand for transportation fuels. However, the increasing emissions due to the huge fossil fuels consumption, coupled with oil market instability, could derail China’s economic growth and jeopardize its national energy security. To face such a hurdle, China has been aggressively supporting low-carbon businesses opportunuties over the past decade, has recently announced several plans to cap coal utilization, and is currently the biggest investor in clean energy technologies. Coal-toLiquid (CTL) is one of the most promising clean coal technologies, offering an ideal solution that can meet China’s energy demands and environmental expectations. It is widely known that the Shenhua Group has pioneered and is currently leading the commercialization of the Direct Coal Liquefaction (DCL) process in China. This paper highlights a part of the joint research effort undertaken by the National Institute of Clean-and-LowCarbon Energy (NICE) and University of Pittsburgh in order to develop and commercialize the Indirect Coal Liquefaction (ICL) process. In this mission, NICE has built and operated an ICL plant including a large-scale (5.8-m ID and 30-m height) Slurry-Bubble-Column Reactor (SBCR) for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis using iron catalyst. The research, conducted at the University of Pittsburgh over the past few years, allowed building a user-friendly Simulator, based on a comprehensive SBCR model integrated with Aspen Plus and is validated using data from the NICE actual ICL plant. In this paper, the Simulator predictions of the performance of the NICE SBCR, operating with iron and cobalt catalysts under four different tail gas recycle strategies: (1) direct recycle; (2) using a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) unit; (3) using a reformer; and (4) using a Chemical looping Combustion (CLC) process, are presented. It should be mentioned also that our joint research effort has laid the foundation for the design of a commercial-scale SBCR for producing one-million tons per annum of environmentally friendly and ultraclean (no sulfur, no nitrogen and virtually no aromatics) transportation fuels, which could greatly contribute to ensuring China’s national energy security while curbing its lingering emission problems.
We Now Go Live: Digital Live-News Technologies and the “Reinvention of Live” in Professional TV News Broadcasting

Abstract This article sets out to provide fresh insight into the case of liveness in news media by exploring a particular live-news technology—LiveU’s digital, cellular-based, live broadcast technology, and its implementation in professional TV news broadcasting. Based on a thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with nine TV news and LiveU’s professionals, the findings point to various interconnections between LiveU’s technology and certain professional actors through a variety of editorial, business and technological decision-making processes and activities that constitute live-news broadcasting. Essentially, the case of LiveU and its implementation in professional TV live-news broadcasting illustrate the intersection of news mobility and the production of news from a socio-technical standpoint.
Evaluation of Methane Production From Dairy Cow Manure and Vegetable Waste

Dairy cow manure has high buffering capacity hence a substrate for anaerobic digestion, however the process is not optimised in mono-digestion system due to limited substrate. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of co-digesting animal waste and vegetable waste on methane production. Two systems were appliedbatch and continuous anaerobic digestion system to determine effect on methane yield. The experiments were conducted with treatments as: manure alone (M), composite of manure with cabbage (MC), manure with potatoes (MP), manure with cabbage and potatoes (MCP), faecal alone (F), faecal with cabbage (FC), faecal with potatoes (FP) and faecal with cabbage and potatoes (FCP). Rectal grab samples were collected prior to incubation and manure was collected from the pens. All treatments were in replicates. Composite of manure or faecal with cabbage and potatoes produced the highest biogas (FCP: 32.1 mL/g DM, MCP: 29.5 mL/g DM) and methane (FCP: 3.13 mL/g DM, MCP: 2.36 mL/g DM) compared to manure alone or faecal alone (F: 27.0 biogas mL/g DM, M: 26.6 biogas mL/g DM) (F: 1.36 methane mL/g DM, M: 1.18 methane mL/g DM). Co-digesting dairy excreta with cabbage as only vegetable substrate affected anaerobic digestion (FC: 24.8 mL/g DM, MC: 24.9 mL/g DM), since it was the lowest in biogas production compared to all treatments. The anaerobic digestion system had an effect in methane production since continuous anaerobic digestion system produced the highest methane compared to batch anaerobic digestion system in all treatments. The results obtained in this study suggest that composite of manure with both cabbage and potatoes results in the highest biogas and methane production.
Maximum aerobic speed as a way to improve social interactions in rugby union

Abstract During the last decades, rugby union focused on players’ physical development as the main way of performance optimization. Consequently, a tremendous amount of research attention has been devoted to better understanding the main training parameters, neglecting however to study the effects of physical conditioning on group dynamics. In the present research, a quasi-experimental design in ecological conditions was used to analyze the effects of effort intensity on social interactions, especially during the rest periods of physical training. Semiprofessional rugby union players (N = 61; Mage = 23.78, SD = 7.03 years) participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to four conditions consisting of three 5-min runs. With counterbalancing, the participant sample was divided into four groups. A control group ran at 50% Maximum Aerobic Speed (MAS) while the three experimental groups ran at three different effort intensities (80%, 90%, and 100% MAS) in a counterbalanced order (i.e., linear increase/linear decrease/and quadratic evolution of effort intensity). The results showed a positive relationship between effort intensity and the number of intragroup social interactions during rest periods, this result being accrued at the end of the training session. Interestingly, the results suggested that ending a conditioning session at 100% MAS after a linear progression of effort intensity might influence social identity mobility between different levels of self-abstraction, leading to more cooperation between group members. Overall, this research offers a psychosocial view of training effects that invites academics and coaches to consider effort intensity as a way to develop social bonding in rugby. Lay summary: This study supports the perspective that “working hard” during conditioning influence social interactions between players. As a consequence, our results suggest that conditioning may be a powerful approach to build a feeling of “us-ness” that participates in optimizing group dynamics, and ultimately, performance in rugby. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE In order to benefit from the positive influence of conditioning on social interactions within a team coach should: • Prefer incremental conditioning ending at the highest intensity, to non-linear training • Encourage emotional expression norms by appointing congratulating behaviors during rest periods and more particularly at the end of the training session • Employ rest zone on the pitch so as to facilitate social bonding between players
Antagonism of Plant Pathogens by Calotropis procera

Phomopsis sojae and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum are responsible for stem and pod dryness and white mold in soybean. These pathologies directly affect the quality of seeds/grains and compromise the entire plant. The use of extracts from different plants has been the subject of research for the control of several phytopathogens. Calotropis procera is among botanical species that synthesize efficient compounds for biocontrol. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of C. procera aqueous extract on P. sojae and S. sclerotiorum. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized blocks in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme (two fungi and five extract concentrations 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) with 4 replicates. C. procera aqueous extract concentrations were added to Petri dishes containing PDA. After 48 hours, the mycelial growth rate was evaluated. After seven days of incubation, the fungal colony area, sporulation, and germination of P. sojae and S. sclerotiorum were evaluated. There was significant interaction between fungi × extract concentrations (p < 0.05) for all variables analyzed. The mycelial growth rate of P. sojae was lower than that of S. sclerotiorum. The diameter of the P. sojae fungal colony was smaller than that of S. sclerotiorum when concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% were used. As the extract concentration increased, fungi sporulation and germination reduced.
Study of cocaine seizures through spatial analysis

Cocaine trafficking and consumption continues to prosper despite the public policies that are in force in Brazil, despite its use for thousands of years, it is currently a public health problem. This study aimed to report the sociodemographic variables of individuals apprehended with cocaine and who were framed in Law n°. 11,343 of August 2006, in the municipality of Campina Grande, in 2017. It was a hybrid study, with a transversal, retrospective cut and ecological, with a quantitative approach. The neighborhood area variable was distributed in thematic maps and the spatial autocorrelation was measured by the Moran Global and Local indexes, which quantify the degree of autocorrelation. 210 cocaine seizures were recorded, of which 146 occurred in the municipality of Campina Grande, of these, only 94 presented all the data and were considered in this study. The months of September (n = 14) and October (n = 13) had the highest records of seizures. As for the pattern of use, crack in the yellowish stone form was predominant (n = 46), followed by cocaine hydrochloride in the form of white powder (n = 40). The profile of the individual apprehended with cocaine in the municipality was that of a young, single, unemployed and with low level of education. The predominant framework was drug trafficking (n = 75) according to Article no. 33 of Law no. 11,343 / 2006. The neighborhoods that registered the highest number of seizures were José Pinheiro (n = 15) and Pedregal (n = 8). The Moran General and Local indexis (p> 0.05), did not show spatial dependence between neighboring neighborhoods, that is, there is no autocorrelation for the analyzed variable.
Quantification of the microscale dynamics of live bighead carp egg settlement in static water

The survival of bighead carp is threatened by the construction and operation of river engineering projects. In order to guide future reservoir regulation to suitably incorporate the ecological requirements of fish, it is important to understand fish egg settlement in static water. Therefore, video capture technology and wavelet analysis in experiments were used to observe and analyze the microscale processes of live bighead carp egg settlement in static water. The study examined the temporal variations in the egg attributes and revealed microscale fluctuations in the trajectories of eggs and changes in settling velocity. The egg settling velocities were divided into both mean and fluctuating components. Both components indicated that bighead carp eggs had different settling velocities depending on the stage of development. Settling velocity is dominated by hydrodynamic drag in the first 22 min post‐fertilization, with a rapid increase in velocity through time, followed by a decrease in velocity and finally a stable value of 0.75 cm/s. The periodicity of the fluctuating component may indicate the importance of the egg inner structure or even the development of the embryo to settling velocity. This work strengthens the understanding of bighead carp egg settlement in static water and provides a clear indication to river engineers and managers of the need to promote the successful drift of bighead carp eggs in rivers to ensure the maintenance of their populations.
Genetic Analysis for Mapping of Physiological Traits Related to Seed Vigour in Rice Through Association Mapping

Background:Good quality seed is an important factor for a good crop. Vigor is the key performing trait of quality seed. Genomic regions controlling the physiological traits related to seed vigour are not fully reported.Results: A panel was prepared by including genotypes from all the groups of the fifteen physiological traits representing a population of 250 germplasm lines. Wide variations were observed for the 15 physiological traits in the population. The population was classified into 6 genetic groups. Presence of linkage disequilibrium (LD) was detected in the panel population based on the fixation indices of the subpopulations. Moderate values of gene diversity, polymorphic information content (PIC) and other diversity parameters were estimated from the population by genotyping with 109 SSR markers. The population was classified into subpopulations and sub-clusters showed relation with the genotypes for their physiological traits. Ten physiological traits were detected to be significantly associated with SSR markers analyzed by both the General linear model (GLM) and Mixed linear model (MLM). A total of 19 novel QTLs controlling different physiological traits namely qGP 6.2 and qGP 8.2 for germination % (GP); qGR 9.1 for germination rate (GR); qGI 1.2, qGI 6.1, qGI 8.1, qGI 11.1 and qGI 12.1 for germination index (GI); qRPE1.1 and qRPE8.1 for rate of plumule elongation (RPE); qAGR 8.1 for AGR; qRSG1.2 and qRSG12.2 for rate of shoot growth (RSG); qRGR3.1 and qRGR11.1 for relative growth rate (RGR); qSVI 1.1 for seed vigour index I (SVI I); qSVII 1.1, qSVII3.1, and qSVII12.1 for seed vigour index II (SVI II), and qRRG8.1 for relative root growth rate were identified. The reported QTL for root length, qRL11.1 was validated in this mapping population. Additionally, QTLs, qRPE8.1 and qAGR8.1 of traits, RPE and AGR; qGI 6.1 and qGP6.2 of GI and GP; qGI 11.1 and qRL11.1 of GI and RL; qAGR8.1 and qRRG8.1 of AGR and RRG, and qRSG3.1 and qRGR3.1of traits RSG and RGR were detected for co-localization or co-inheritance. Conclusion: The traits identified and markers detected in the association analysis will be useful for improvement of seed vigour trait through marker-assisted selection in rice.
Direct cost and socio-demographic factors associated with alcohol consumption among Tema adult residents in Ghana: a quantitative study

ABSTRACT Background Despite the numerous health and social problems associated with alcohol use, its use is increasing in many African countries. This study assessed the direct cost and socio-demographic factors associated with alcohol use among adults in a coastal commercial community in Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 412 adults was undertaken. Data were collected using adapted questions from validated standard tools. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between alcohol use and socio-demographic factors. Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests were used to determine statistical significance in mean cost differences of alcohol use. Results Averagely, participants spent US$5.06 daily on alcohol. Most men (39.3%) and women (44.6%) consume beer more than other alcoholic beverages. Men were more likely to consume alcohol compared to women. Also, people with no formal education and those with tertiary education have equal likelihood of consuming alcohol. Alcohol use among people with higher monthly income was 1.72 (95% CI:0.94–3.15) times higher compared to those with lower income. Conclusion The cost of alcohol use varies among men and women. Socio-demographic factors influence alcohol use. Hence, public health intervention to reduce alcohol use in these communities should take cognizance of these factors.
Surface selection of haddock and cod in the Norwegian demersal seine fisheries

Size selection in active fishing gears is a continuous process and undersized fish may escape during the whole fishing operation. Fish that escape during the surface hauling operation are likely to experience higher mortality due to barotrauma-related stress than fish escaping at the fishing depth during the towing process. A well-functioning selectivity device should therefore select mostly at depth for enhancing survival probabilities of escaping fish. The current gear regulation in the Norwegian demersal seine fishery is likely to cause large proportion of undersized fish to escape at the surface. In this study, we estimated surface selection of haddock and cod in demersal seine by using an automatic release system and a small meshed codend that collected fish escaping during surface hauling. The collecting bag contained 19% undersized haddock compared to 10% in the conventional square-mesh codend indicating that about 50% of undersized haddock brought to the surface were released. The proportions of undersized cod were 8% for the collecting bag and 1% for the conventional square-mesh codend. These results demonstrate that surface selection is significant for both haddock and cod. Based on this finding, we discuss methods to improve size selectivity at the fishing depth.
Automatic Identification and Location of Tunnel Lining Cracks

The lining crack is common for the tunnel in the stage of operation, which has seriously influenced the service life and safety of tunnel engineering. It is a new trend to use computer vision to detect tunnel cracks over the past few years in China and foreign countries. By image processing technology and intelligent algorithm, the computer has a hominine visual perception system which understands, analyzes, and determines input image information, thus recognizing and detecting specific objectives. However, the effect of image recognition for tunnel crack now cannot satisfy the demands of practical engineering. SSD algorithm has been used when analyzing features of lining surface image, while comparison analysis has been made from image recognition results, error rate, and running time. The results indicate that the SSD algorithm can accurately and rapidly detect and mark the position of the tunnel crack. The tunnel information obtained from image recognition is subsequently imported into the team independently developed software GeoSMA-3D, which is useful for determining tunnel grade.
Locating the electrical junctions in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and Cu2ZnSnSe4 solar cells by scanning capacitance spectroscopy

We determined the electrical junction (EJ) locations in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) and Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTS) solar cells with ~20‐nm accuracy by developing scanning capacitance spectroscopy (SCS) applicable to the thin‐film devices. Cross‐sectional sample preparation for the SCS measurement was developed by high‐energy ion milling at room temperature for polishing the cross section to make it flat, followed by low‐energy ion milling at liquid nitrogen temperature for removing the damaged layer and subsequent annealing for growing a native oxide layer. The SCS shows distinct p‐type, transitional, and n‐type spectra across the devices, and the spectral features change rapidly with location in the depletion region, which results in determining the EJ with ~20‐nm resolution. We found an n‐type CIGS in the region next to the CIGS/CdS interface; thus, the cell is a homojunction. The EJ is ~40 nm from the interface on the CIGS side. In contrast, such an n‐type CZTS was not found in the CZTS/CdS cells. The EJ is ~20 nm from the CZTS/CdS interface, which is consistent with asymmetrical carrier concentrations of the p‐CZTS and n‐CdS in a heterojunction cell. Our results of unambiguously determination of the junction locations contribute significantly to understanding the large open‐circuit voltage difference between CIGS and CZTS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Moderating Impact of Organizational Identity Strength between Strategic Improvisation and Organizational Memory and Their Effects on Competitive Advantage

In the ever-changing environment, companies are often required to adopt improvised responses to certain unpredicted events and sometimes need to improvise strategically to sustain or thrive. However, the mechanism between strategic improvisation and competitive advantage is understudied. In this study, we try to unveil the mechanism by proposing a moderated mediation model investigating the relationships among strategic improvisation, organizational memory, organizational identity strength, and competitive advantage. Using survey data collected among top managers and members of funding teams in Jiangsu Province, China, we find that strategic improvisation is positively related to competitive advantage, and most importantly, this relationship is partially mediated by organizational memory. However, the moderating effect of organizational identity strength on the relationship between strategic improvisation and organizational memory is not proven. We contribute to the existing literature by making up for the deficiency of the traditional resource-based view to some extent, enhancing the understanding of strategic improvisation, and contributing to achieving sustainable development goals 8 and 12. We also offer some practical suggestions to top managers in terms of cultivating improvising learning as well.
Molecular Structure and Work of Adhesion of Poly(n-butyl acrylate) and Poly(n-butyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid) on α-Quartz, α-Ferric Oxide, and α-Ferrite from Detailed Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed for two model pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) materials, atactic poly(n-butyl acrylate) [poly(n-BA)] and atactic poly(n-butyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid) [poly(n-BA-co-AA)] at a very low concentration in acrylic acid (one acrylic acid monomer per fifty butyl acrylate monomers plus three acrylic acids at each one of the two chain ends) in the bulk and confined between three crystalline substrates, silica (SiO2) represented as α-quartz, α-ferric oxide (α-Fe2O3), and metallic α-ferrite (α-Fe), over a range of temperatures. The simulations are carried out with the accurate, all-atom Dreiding force-field and provide important information for the distribution of local mass density of the two polymers at the three crystalline substrates, and their adsorption in conformations that lead to the formation of loop, train, and tail structures. By analyzing potential energy interactions between the two polymers and each one of the three substrates through their van der Waals.