Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study on Dynamic Hysteretic Nonlinear Property in time-domain of Site Soil from Site strong Response During March 11, 2011 Japan M9.0 Earthquake

SUMMARY: The analysis of hysteretic nonlinear property in time domain of site soils are rare at home and abroad for the complexity of soil dynamic nonlinear constituted relations, low efficiency of implicit integral formula, and low performance of optimized method. In view of these questions, this paper using soil dynamic double- parabola constitute model, which can consider the soil test damping ratio and can character main characteristic of soil’s hysteretic constituted relationship, associating with the highly effective explicit integral method with the high accuracy computation acceleration response, basing on 201103111446 M9.0 and its strong foreshock 201103091145 M7.2. The hysteretic nonlinear characteristic in time domain of the clay and the granite at FKSH19 borehole array are analyzed. The results indicated that, the modulus and the damping ratio of clay and the granite are consistent with the lab test results of Seed-Idriss. It is different that viscous damping effects in the strong earthquake and weak ground motion. The mechanism and the history of hysteretic nonlinear constituted relationship under seismic strong motion are reproduced. The results reveal the permanent displacement mechanism. Simultaneously, velocity history and displacement history of ground strong motion are forecasted and estimated.
Noble gases and mineralogy of meteorites from China and the Grove Mountains, Antarctica: A 0.05 Ma cosmic ray exposure age of GRV 98004

Abstract— We determined the mineralogical and chemical characteristics and the He, Ne, and Ar isotopic abundances of 2 meteorites that fell in China and of 2 meteorites that were recovered by the 15th Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition. Guangmingshan (H5), Zhuanghe (H5), and Grove Mountain (GRV) 98002 (L5) yield cosmic ray exposure (CRE) ages of 68.7 ± 10.0 Ma, 3.8 ± 0.6 Ma, and 17.0 ± 2.5 Ma, respectively. These ages are within the range typically observed for the respective meteorite types. GRV 98004 (H5) had an extremely short parent body‐Earth transfer time of 0.052 ± 0.008 Ma. Its petrography and mineral chemistry are indistinguishable from other typical H5 chondrites. Only 3 other meteorites exist with similarly low CRE ages: Farmington (L5), Galim (LL6), and ALH 82100 (CM2). We show that several asteroids in Earth‐crossing orbits, or in the main asteroid belt with orbits close to an ejection resonance, are spectrally matching candidates and may represent immediate precursor bodies of meteorites with CRE ages ≤0.1 Ma.
Speed sensorless field oriented control of an induction motor at zero speed with identification of inverter model parameters

Using adaptive Lyapunov design a new approach for the design of an observer for speed sensorless control is developed. The resulting scheme leads to a nonlinear full order observer for the motor states and for the motor and inverter parameters including the rotor speed. Assuming motor parameters are known, the design achieves stability with a guaranteed region of attraction. Experiments demonstrate high dynamic performance even at zero rotor speed based only on the slip frequency caused by the load torque.
Experimental Study of Injection Characteristics of a Multi-hole port injector on various Fuel Injection pressures and Temperatures

The structures of the port injector spray dominates the mixture preparation process and strongly affect the subsequent engine combustion characteristics over a wide range of operating conditions in port-injection gasoline engines. All these spray characteristics are determined by particular injector design and operating conditions. In this paper, an experimental study is made to characterize the breakup mechanism and spray characteristics of a injector with multi-disc nozzle (SAGEM,D2159MA). A comparison was made on injection characteristics of the multi-hole injectors and its effects on various fuel pressure and temperature. The distributions of the droplet size and velocity and volume flux were characterized using phase Doppler anemometry (PDA) technique. Through this work, it was found that the injector produces a finer spray with a wide spray angle in higher fuel pressure and temperature.
Antecedents of Work-Family Conflict and the Moderating Effect of Perceived Organizational Support in China

This study examines the antecedents of work-family conflict (WFC) and how perceived organizational support (POS) moderates the effects of these antecedents on work-family conflict. For this, the study employs data collected from a sample of 297 primary and secondary school teachers in China and uses various statistical analysis methods, including factor analysis, correlation analysis, reliability statistics, and hierarchical regression. The results indicate that working hours and work stressors were positively related to work-family conflict, whereas leisure time management was negatively related to work-family conflict. Finally, POS had a negative moderating effect on the relationships between leisure attitude, leisure time management and work-family conflict, whereas POS had a positive moderating effect on the relationships between work stressors and work-family conflict.This study contributes by investigating the antecedents of work-family conflict and the moderating effect of POS on their relationships. The results have important practical implications for Chinese policymakers interested in designing policy initiatives that can help teachers achieve an appropriate balance between their work and life and improve their work-life quality.Keywords: task characteristics, life characteristics, perceived organizational support, work-family conflict
ANTIMELANOGENESIS ACTIVITY OF POLYPHENOL GLYCOSIDE SYNTHESIZED BY TRANSGLYCOSYLATION REACTION OF CGTASE FROM XANTHOMONAS CAMPESTRIS

Xanthomonas campestris is known as xanthan gum biopolymer producing bacteria, which is useful as thickener, stabilizer, and suspending agent in the food industry. The mechanism of the synthesis of xanthan gum is thought to involve enzymatic metabolism is quite complex, so that research on that existence of enzymes that play a role in the synthesis of biopolymer is important to expose. This study, aimed to test the ability of X. campestris culture that has transglycosylation activity as a producer of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) on acceptor of resorcinol and corn flour as its substrate to produce polyphenol glycosides as transfer products that may have antimelanogenesis activity. Reaction products were analyzed by thin layer chromatography. The study was focused to test and to purify polyphenol glycoside using ODS coloum chromatography eluted with methanol and 1% formic acid as gradient eluent. Result showed that the polyphenol glycoside, arbutin, and resorcinol at a concentration of 5 mM had potentially inhibitory effect that suppressed against activity of enzyme tyrosinase that might be presumably playing a role in the synthesis of melanin in a mechanism of melanogenesis, amount to 10.57%, 5.69%, 13.90%, respectively.
Landscape controls of CH4 fluxes and soil organic matter in a catchment of the forest tundra at the lower Yenissej

Soils of boreal and arctic ecosystems store an essential part of the total terrestrial carbon pool (Hobbie et al., 2000) and they affect atmospheric methane concentration by net-CH4 exchange (Wahlen and Reeburgh, 1992). Climate warming will have a great impact on carbon storage and CH4 production in high-latitude soils, especially in areas where melting of permafrost is induced. Permafrost soils can act as a sink for atmospheric CH4 but they can also show CH4 emission (Liblik et al., 1997). The dynamics of soil moisture as well as the amount, composition, and bioavailability of organic matter stored in permafrost soils are important factors determining the net-fluxes of CH4 at the soil surface (Christensen, 1999). The knowledge how climate warming will change these factors and how these changes will influence the net-fluxes of CH4 is of decisive importance for the prediction of the future role of these ecosystems in the global CH4 cycle. However, little is known about soil organic matter stocks in permafrost soils and the characteristics of frozen carbon pools in particular. A better knowledge of organic substrate quality is required to predict the response of permafrost soils to changes in temperature and moisture (Hobbie et al., 2000). The objectives of our study were i) to determine the temporal and spatial variability of net-CH4 fluxes in a small catchment of the forest tundra in Siberia, ii) to analyze the soil and landscape controls of the net-exchange of CH4, iii) to quantify soil organic matter stocks in the active layer and in the frozen subsoils of the catchment, and iv) to determine the potential bioavailability and DOC production of soil organic matter stored in this area.
FOOTBALL IMAGE PROFILE AND FAN VALUES

The purpose of this thesis was to study and compare international and domestic Finnish football spectators' images of football. This thesis also examines the value structures of these two groups of football spectators. We evaluate how this information can be exploited when interpreting consumer behavior in sport marketing. This survey was conducted as a quantitative research by collecting a sample from two target groups in FIFA Fan Fest Event in Cape Town, South Africa and in Harju Stadium in Jyväskylä, Finland. The samplings were analyzed with statistical methods in order to find out which values are drivers of football fan's consumer behavior. The study questionnaire was based on the value theory of Shalom Schwartz. The theory of human values derives different values from an analysis of universal requirements with which all individuals and societies must cope. Values can be divided in to ten basic values by the type of motivational goals they express. Results show that there is no significant difference between the images that the two groups of football spectators relate to football. The strong values from the ten basic values in both groups were universalism, benevolence, security and hedonism. Only means of tradition and stimulation have notable differences between the two target groups. The results reveal that football spectators’ consumer behavior can be predicted. Geographical and cultural differences seem to have less important role when studying how spectators view football. People worldwide and locally seem to see football from the same point of view. Companies co-operating with football can make the most of it and they can use football for its purposes in a wide scale, with marketing from a local match event to a mega event shown all over the world. Football touches masses of people and it is a clear path to building a brand image which associates with certain values and images.
The Impact of Mandatory Disclosure on Information Acquisition: Theory and Experiment

This study experimentally investigates the interaction between firm fs information acquisition choice and mandatory disclosure in the presence of proprietary costs. The results demonstrate that mandatory disclosure diminishes firm fs incentive to acquire industry-wide demand information when information acquisition is costly and endogenous. Further, I also show that firm fs production decision is improved by acquiring information. Taken together, although acquiring information improves firm fs production decision, mandatory disclosure diminishes firm fs incentive to do so, and thus, deteriorates firm fs information environment. This leads to inefficient production, which in turn, might have a substantial impact on market outcomes.
Aerodynamic Experiments on DelFly II: Unsteady Lift Enhancement

Particle image velocimetry measurements and simultaneous force measurements have been performed on the DelFly II flapping-wing MAV, to investigate the flow-field behavior and the aerodynamic forces generated. For flapping wing motion it is expected that both the clap and peel mechanism and the occurrence of a leading edge vortex during the translational phase play an important role in unsteady lift generation. Furthermore, the flexibility of the wing foil is also considered of primary relevance. The PIV analysis shows a strong influx between the wings during the peel but no downward expelling jet during the clap. The force measurements reveal that the peel, oppositely to the clap, contributes significantly to the lift. The PIV visualization suggests the occurrence of a leading edge vortex during the first half of the in- and outstroke, which is supported by a simultaneous augmentation in lift. The early generation of a leading edge vortex during the flex cannot be assessed from the PIV images due to optical obstruction, but is likely to appear since the wing flexing is accompanied with a large increase in lift.
LiDAR clustering and shape extraction for automotive applications

In research related to autonomous vehicles, interest has recently fallen on the use of multi-layer laser scanners, also known as lidars. They are used with the intention to better detect and track vehicles, pedestrians and other objects on the road. A lidar receives reflections from objects in the field of view of the sensor and these detections are usually represented as a point cloud in 3D coordinates. One major challenge associated with the use of this data in real time applications is the need to reduce the complexity of the data in an efficient way. In this thesis, an algorithm is proposed to process the data obtained by the lidar by reducing the point cloud to geometric descriptors, or shapes. The proposed algorithm clusters data from each vertical scan layer of the lidar individually. Each cluster is then assigned and fitted with one of four possible shapes, namely L-shapes, lines, polygons or points. Clusters are subsequently merged based on their proximity, but with restrictions depending on their shapes to avoid undersegmentation. The proposed algorithm then fits a new shape to each merged cluster, which ideally represents a single object. Quantitative evaluation using a reference vehicle and manual assessments show promising results when compared with a reference algorithm. The proposed algorithm is proficient in distinguishing between vehicles and ground points, as well as providing accurate shape descriptors. On the other hand, both algorithms show decreased performance at certain orientations of an object relative to the lidar. The execution time of the proposed algorithm is considerably higher than the reference algorithm, but several optimisations are suggested which would greatly improve run time.
Canonical Correlation Analysis of Mongolian Teachers’ Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching with a Focus on Concept Image and Concept Definition in Secondary Geometry

Teacher mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) (Ball et al, 2008) is a key to student achievement in school mathematics. In this paper, Mongolian secondary school teachers’ mathematical knowledge for teaching is analyzed using canonical correlation analysis (Hotelling, 1935) focusing on mathematical theory of concept image and concept definition (Tall & Vinner, 1981) of planes shapes in secondary geometry. The term “analysis” is conceptualized as identifying interrelations among sub-domains of MKT and between MKT in concept image (MKTCI) and concept definition (MKTCD) aspects. The study selected 57 secondary school teachers in Mongolia and administered a questionnaire on MKTCI and MKTCD of plane shapes. In order to identify within and between relationships, the canonical correlation analysis is conducted. A result of the analysis indicates that there is a general positive relationship between MKTCI and MKTCD of the teachers, although some variables related to Mongolian secondary school geometry curriculum and teaching play a significant role in the relationship.
Growth and exit of West German firms: an empirical investigation on the impact of liability statutes

In this paper we discuss determinants of firm survival and growth in Germany within its pre-1989 boundaries. We develop our central hypotheses on the basis of a simple theoretical model describing the self-selection of heterogeneous entrepreneurs into particular legal forms, and the implications for profitability and survival. We also describe institutional details of liability regulation and taxation rules which German entrepreneurs face when choosing a particular legal form for their firms. We then test the predictions of our model by considering the survival chances and employment growth rates of various types of enterprises in a sample of approximately 11000 West German firms in all major sectors of the German economy. in our analysis of firm survival we distinguish between voluntary liquidation without losses to creditors, and bankruptcy as forced liquidation. Firms under limited liability are characterized by higher growth and higher insolvency rates than comparable firm under full liability. We also confirm the previously found negative relationship between employment growth and firm size which persists after controlling for selection biases. The likelihood of insolvencies is a nonmonotonic function of firm size.
Magnetic fields driven by tidal mixing in radiative stars

Stellar magnetism plays an important role in stellar evolution theory. Approximatively 10 per cent of observed main sequence (MS) and pre-main-sequence (PMS) radiative stars exhibit surface magnetic fields above the detection limit, raising the question of their origin. These stars host outer radiative envelopes, which are stably stratified. Therefore, they are assumed to be motionless in standard models of stellar structure and evolution. We focus on rapidly rotating, radiative stars which may be prone to the tidal instability, due to an orbital companion. Using direct numerical simulations in a sphere, we study the interplay between a stable stratification and the tidal instability, and assess its dynamo capability. We show that the tidal instability is triggered regardless of the strength of the stratification (Brunt–Vaisala frequency). Furthermore, the tidal instability can lead to both mixing and self-induced magnetic fields in stably stratified layers (provided that the Brunt–Vaisala frequency does not exceed the stellar spin rate in the simulations too much). The application to stars suggests that the resulting magnetic fields could be observable at the stellar surfaces. Indeed, we expect magnetic field strengths up to several Gauss. Consequently, tidally driven dynamos should be considered as a (complementary) dynamo mechanism, possibly operating in radiative MS and PMS stars hosting orbital companions. In particular, tidally driven dynamos may explain the observed magnetism of tidally deformed and rapidly rotating Vega-like stars.
Patella instability in the skeletally immature patient: pearls for surgical treatment

The surgical management of patella instability has evolved over time to become an “al a carte” menu of surgical options to address the numerous pathoanatomies which predispose to recurrent patella dislocations and subluxations. The challenge when managing patella instability in the skeletally immature patient relates to the presence of open growth plates which can be subject to iatrogenic injury. That said, most often these challenges can be overcome and lead to successful outcomes. This section will present a series of “pearls” to consider when preparing a surgical plan of action for the care of children and youth with recurrent patella subluxations and dislocations.
The Engineering Student Identity Scale: A Structural Validity Evidence Study

Researchers have theorized that having a strongly developed identity as an engineering student contributes to persistence within engineering. Even so, there are no empirically supported measures of engineering student identity. The purpose of this study was to provide structural validity evidence for one such measure, the Engineering Student Identity Scale (E-SIS). This paper explores findings and implications of multiple investigations into the structure of the ESIS. The data collected in this study do not support the current interpretations of the E-SIS as a unified measure of identify with 11 subscales derived from multiple approaches to measuring identity. The results do provide important information regarding revising the E-SIS to align more with fewer subscales and to focus exclusively on items that are directly affected by identity.
Market Liberalization and Market Integration - Essays on the Nordic Electricity Market

This thesis consists of four self-contained papers related to the Nordic electricity market. Paper [I] examine how the reform of the Nordic electricity markets has affected competition in the electric power supply market, Nord Pool. The question is if the common power market has been competitive or if electric power generators have had market power during the period 1996 -2004. Moreover, since there was a stepwise evolution from national markets to a multinational power market, we also ask how the degree of market power has evolved during this integration process. The results show that electric power generators have had a small, but statistically significant, degree of market power during the whole period. However, studying the integration effect, i.e. how the market power has been affected by additional countries joining Nord Pool, it show that the degree of market power has been reduced and finally vanished as the market has expanded and more countries joined the collaboration. Paper [II] analyse how the deregulation of the Swedish electricity market has affected the price of electric power and how the change in electric power price, in turn, has affected consumers’ welfare. The result shows that the change in pricing principle of electric power following the deregulation has increased consumer welfare over the period studied (1996-2006), with welfare gains about 100 SEK per customer per year, indicating a three per cent welfare gain for the average customer. Paper [III] study whether (and to what extent) the multinational electricity market integration has affected the price dynamics at the Nordic power exchange. The results shows that a larger electricity market seems to reduce the probability of sudden price jumps, but also that the effect on volatility seem to depend on the characteristics, i.e. production structure, of the integrated markets. In Paper [IV] a two-stage study is conducted to investigate the extent to which shocks in the demand and supply for electricity translate into price jumps, and the extent to which this process is affected by the prevailing market structure. The main findings from the study is that whether demand and supply shocks translate into price jumps largely depends on the prevailing market structure, i.e. on how far the market works from capacity constraints. A notable feature of the empirical analysis is also that the marginal effects from positive demand and negative supply shocks on the jump probabilities are mostly insignificant and of small magnitude.