Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Approach for Identiﬁcation of Artiﬁcially Generated Texts

—The paper is devoted to a new method for the identiﬁcation of the artiﬁcially composed scientiﬁc papers. We consider this problem from the general point of view of the writing style. It is natural to suppose that the style of artiﬁcial generated manuscripts has to be substantially different from this one of the human generated articles because the human writing process is established in inherently another manner. The Mean Dependency Distance introduced in previous authors’ works is used to quantify the writing process developing. A set of artiﬁcially generated manuscripts is taken and the distance values are calculated to sequential chunks of all papers. A suspected document is also divided into chunks, and a version of the known KNN method is applied together with a distance-based outlier detection method to classify it as a real or a fake document. The provided numerical experiments demonstrate high ability of the method to distinguish between two types of documents.
A 13 Comparison of the Analytical Methods Employed in the Detection of Biofilm-Forming Bacterial Pathogens

Bacterial biofilm is a matrix of microorganisms, usually pathogenic that are incorporated in a polysaccharide structure. Biofilms usually confer resistance on bacteria, making their presence in infections detrimental. This study aimed at evaluating the sensitivity of three analytical methods (Tissue Culture plate-TCP, Tube method-TM and Congo Red Agar-CRA) in the detection of biofilms from clinical isolates as well as the antibiogram profile using disc diffusion method. A total of 100 isolated and microbiologically identified bacteria of clinical origin belonging to Staphylococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonaceae, Campylobacteriacae, Moraxellaceae and Streptococcaceae were screened for biofilm formation using the aforementioned analytical methods. Bacteria pathogen showed varying degrees of biofilm formation, of the three methods compared, the TCP was the most sensitive and further classified as, 28 (28%) strong, 20 (20%) moderate and 52 (52%) weak biofilm producers; Tube method detected 16 (16%) strong, 46 (46%) moderate and 38 (38%) weak biofilm producers while Congo red agar detected 14 (14%) strong, 46 (46%) moderate and 40 (40%) weak biofilm producers. The biofilm producers, especially the Gram negative bacteria exhibited multi-drug resistance to antibiotics used against Ciprofloxacin (85%), Amoxicilin (80%), Ceftriaxone (70%), Tobramycin (60%), Amikacin (10%) and Imipenem (10%). Succinctly, the results from this study showed that TCP was found to be most efficient method for biofilm detection. This may be considered as a screening method to detect pathogens for biofilm production, this may assist in better clinical management.
Social context and recidivism

We studied a sample of re-entering parolees in California in 2005-06 to examine whether the social structural context of the census tract, as well as nearby tracts, along with the relative physical closeness of social providers, affects serious recidivism resulting in imprisonment. We found that a one standard deviation increase in the presence of nearby social service providers (within two miles) decreases the likelihood of recidivating 41%, and that this protective effect was particularly strong for African American parolees. This protective effect was diminished by over-taxed services (as proxied by potential demand). We found that higher concentrated disadvantage and social disorder (as measured by bar and liquor store capacity) in the tract increases recidivism, but also that higher levels of disadvantage and disorder in nearby tracts increase recidivism. A one standard deviation increase in the concentrated disadvantage of the focal neighborhood and the surrounding neighborhoods increases the likelihood of recidivating 26%. The findings suggest that the social context to which parolees return (both in their own neighborhood and nearby neighborhoods), as well as the geographic accessibility of social service agencies, plays an important role in their successful reintegration.
Free-form surface data registration and fusion. The case of roughness measurements of a convex surface

Combining surface measurement data from individual measurements of surface fragments is an issue that has been recognized for ﬂat surfaces. The connection takes place on the principle of making ‘overlap’ measurements according to a speciﬁc measurement strategy, and then the algorithm synthesizes the measurement data for the common part (data fusion). This paper presents a method of combining partial data into one larger set using image processing methods. The purpose of the analysis is to combine surface data of a more complex shape in terms of surface roughness and waviness. A successful attempt was made to combine surface measurement data located on a cylindrical surface – convex surface. A rotated table was designed and used for surface data acquisition. The datasets were acquired with the use of CCI 6000 (366 µ m – 366 µ m) with the assumed overlapping of at least 20%. The measurement datasets were ﬁrst pre-processed: ﬁlling in non-measured points, levelling and form removing were applied. For such processed datasets, the common part was identiﬁed (data registration) and then the data fusion was performed. An example of stitching the surface datasets shows usefulness of the presented methodology.
EFFECT OF RECOMBINANT BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN TREATMENT ON MILK PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF EWES AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF THEIR OFFSPRINGS

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of administration of bovine somatotropin on milk yield, milk composition, reproductive performance of Rahmani crossbreed ewes, as well as, offspring growth. A total number of 40 mature healthy Rahmani crossbred ewes (1/2 Finnish Landrace x 1/2 Rahmani) aged from 3 to 4 years were divided into two similar groups (control and treatment). Ewes in the first group were injected with saline solution and served as a control, while those in the second group were s.c. injected with 160 mg recombinant bST at 14-day interval from one-month pre-partum until 3 months post-partum. Ewes were monitored for sign of oestrus and those observed in heat were mated using a fertile ram (breeding season from April to June). Milk yield and composition were determined throughout 8 lactation weeks. Results show that LBW of ewes at pre-partum and during the suckling period was not affected by rbST treatment, however, treated ewes were heavier (P<0.05) by about 5% than the control ones only during late post-partum. Administration of rbST increased (P<0.05) average daily milk yield of ewes during the 1 eight weeks of lactation, and the magnitude of the increase during the eight lactation weeks ranged between 16 to 33%. Milk fat, protein and total solids percentages were significantly lower (P<0.05) in treated than in control ewes. Meanwhile, lactose and ash contents did not differ significantly between the two groups. Male and female lambs of treated ewes were heavier (P<0.05) during the suckling period compared with those of the control group. Lambs of treated ewes reached the weaning weight (12 kg) earlier (at 6 and 7 weeks for male and female, respectively) than those of the control ewes (8 weeks). Average daily gain of male and female lambs of treated ewes was higher (221 and 182 g/day, respectively) than that of the control (163 and 170 g/day, respectively). Treatment with rbST increased (P<0.05) oestrus/mating rate (40 vs. 70%) and reduced post-partum period of lambing ewes by about one month as compared to untreated ewes. Moreover, ewes treated with rbST showed greater (P<0.05) number of ovarian follicles and corpus lutea (18 and 21) than that of the control ones (5 and 10), respectively. Lambing rate was lower (P<0.05) in control than in treated ewes (30 and 75 vs. 60 and 85.7%), respectively. In conclusion, s.c. injection of 160 mg rbST at 14-day interval during one-month pre-partum and 3 months post-partum improved productive (milk yield) and reproductive (lambing rate) performance of ewes and their offspring growth.
Designing an Investment Portfolio for Innovative Solutions to Control the Crisis Market during the Covid-19 Pandemic

The study aimed to identify the designing an investment portfolio for innovative solutions to control the crisis market during the covid-19 pandemic. The sample of the study consisted of a random sample from (350) medium and upper management in the hospital sector. The results revealed that there is an impact in innovation solutions and their variables (HR strategy, Modern Marketing Strategy, Research and development strategy, IT strategy) on the crisis market and its variables (Unstable cash flow, Customer dissatisfaction, Unemployment).
A Theoretical Model for Estimating Entity Resolution Costs in Cloud Computing Environments

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. A Theoretical Model for Estimating Entity Resolution Costs in Cloud Computing Environments Dimas Cassimiro Nascimento, Carlos Santos Pires, Tiago Brasileiro Araújo
Childhood maltreatment and poor functional outcomes

Purpose Growing evidence suggests that prospective informant-reports and retrospective self-reports of childhood maltreatment may be differentially associated with adult psychopathology. However, it remains unknown how associations for these two maltreatment reporting types compare when considering functional outcomes. The present study compared associations between childhood maltreatment and functional outcomes at age 18 years using these two methods. Methods We used data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally representative birth cohort of 2232 children born in England and Wales in 1994–1995. Maltreatment prior to age 12 years was assessed prospectively (during multiple home visits between birth and age of 12 years based on interviews with caregivers, researcher observations, and information from practitioners where child protection referrals were made) and retrospectively (at age 18 via self-report on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire). Nine functional outcomes were measured at age 18, forming two variables capturing: (i) psychosocial and (ii) vocational disadvantage. Results Among the 2054 participants with available data, childhood maltreatment was associated with poorer functional outcomes regardless of whether this was reported only prospectively, only retrospectively, or both. Stronger associations with psychosocial disadvantage arose in the context of retrospective recall by participants (OR = 8.25, 95% CI 4.93–13.82) than prospective reports by informants (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.36–3.04) of maltreatment. Conversely, associations with vocational disadvantage were comparable for both prospective informant-reports (OR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.42–3.38) and retrospective selfreports (OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.33–2.81) of maltreatment. Conclusion Results highlight the importance of considering the maltreatment report type used when interpreting the functional consequences of childhood maltreatment.
Cybersecurity and Network Forensics: Analysis of Malicious Traffic towards a Honeynet with Deep Packet Inspection

Any network connected to the Internet is subject to cyber attacks. Strong security measures, forensic tools, and investigators contribute together to detect and mitigate those attacks, reducing the damages and enabling reestablishing the network to its normal operation, thus increasing the cybersecurity of the networked environment. This paper addresses the use of a forensic approach with Deep Packet Inspection to detect anomalies in the network traffic. As cyber attacks may occur on any layer of the TCP/IP networking model, Deep Packet Inspection is an effective way to reveal suspicious content in the headers or the payloads in any packet processing layer, excepting of course situations where the payload is encrypted. Although being efficient, this technique still faces big challenges. The contributions of this paper rely on the association of Deep Packet Inspection with forensics analysis to evaluate different attacks towards a Honeynet operating in a network laboratory at the University of Brasilia. In this perspective, this work could identify and map the content and behavior of attacks such as the Mirai botnet and brute-force attacks targeting various different network services. Obtained results demonstrate the behavior of automated attacks (such as worms and bots) and non-automated attacks (brute-force conducted with different tools). The data collected and analyzed is then used to generate statistics of used usernames and passwords, IP and services distribution, among other elements. This paper also discusses the importance of network forensics and Chain of Custody procedures to conduct investigations and shows the effectiveness of the mentioned techniques in evaluating different attacks in networks.
Credentialing Scientific Claims

Abstract This article seeks rapprochement between the sociology of knowledge and philosophy of science by attempting to capture the best social constructionist insights within a strongly realistic philosophy of science. Key to doing so are (1) separating the grounds for the individual scientist coming to know that P from those grounds for socially credentialing the claim that P within the relevant scientific subcommunity and (2) showing how truth considerations can enter into the analysis of knowledge without interfering with social constructionist treatments of credentialing claims. A detailed epistemology and associated account of the social credentialing of knowledge claims are presented. Close attention is paid to the epistemological and social aspects of (a) the nature and role of observation reports, (b) the interpretation of data, (c) simplifications, idealizations, and approximations, and (d) the nature of replication. The article contains a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) remote-sensing case study and a detailed analysis of replication in the 1881–1933 Michelson-Morley-Miller interferometer ether studies.
Money, Sex, and Legitimacy at Chicago, circa 1892–1940: Lillie’s Center of Reproductive Biology

Despite the controversial nature of studies of reproductive phenomena, a major center of reproductive biology emerged and coalesced in the Department of Zoology at the University of Chicago circa 1892–1940. Led by Frank R. Lillie, several small groups of researchers pioneered the study of sex determination and sex hormones, pursuing these via a Chicago approach to framing biological practice at both cellular and organismic levels. They worked in an interdisciplinary manner, however much in tandem, and drew strongly on local resources—from the stockyards to local philanthropy. Most remarkably, Lillie redirected the mission of the major National Research Council (NRC) Committee for Research Problems of Sex to address the biology of sex and then garnered about a fifth of its funds for Chicago. He thus guided Chicago biology into the fully modern era of external support for on-campus research and elaborate national scientific networks via promising biological solutions to social problems.
Avoiding critical thresholds through effective monitoring

A major challenge in sustainability science is identifying targets that maximize ecosystem benefits to humanity while minimizing the risk of crossing critical system thresholds. One critical threshold is the biomass at which populations become so depleted that their population growth rates become negative—depensation. Here, we evaluate how the value of monitoring information increases as a natural resource spends more time near the critical threshold. This benefit emerges because higher monitoring precision promotes higher yield and a greater capacity to recover from overharvest. We show that precautionary buffers that trigger increased monitoring precision as resource levels decline may offer a way to minimize monitoring costs and maximize profits. In a world of finite resources, improving our understanding of the trade-off between precision in estimates of population status and the costs of mismanagement will benefit stakeholders that shoulder the burden of these economic and social costs.
Finite time blowup of incompressible flows surrounding compressible bubbles evolving under soft equations of state

We explore the dynamics of a compressible fluid bubble surrounded by an incompressible fluid of infinite extent in three dimensions, constructing bubble solutions with finite time blowup under this framework when the equation of state relating pressure and volume is soft (e.g. with volume singularities that are locally weaker than that in the Boyle–Mariotte law), resulting in a finite time blowup of the surrounding incompressible fluid as well. We focus on two families of solutions, corresponding to a soft polytropic process (with the bubble decreasing in size until eventual collapse, resulting in velocity and pressure blowup) and a cavitation equation of state (with the bubble expanding until it reaches a critical cavitation volume, at which pressure blows up to negative infinity, indicating a vacuum). Interestingly, the kinetic energy of these solutions remains bounded up to the finite blowup time, making these solutions more physically plausible than those developing infinite energy. For all cases considered, we construct exact solutions for specific parameter sets, as well as analytical and numerical solutions that show the robustness of the qualitative blowup behaviours for more generic parameter sets. Our approach suggests novel—and perhaps physical—routes to the finite time blowup of fluid equations.
Translocation of mitochondrial DNA into the nuclear genome blurs phylogeographic and conservation genetic studies in seabirds

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) translocated into the nuclear genome (numt), when co-analysed with genuine mtDNA, could plague phylogeographic studies. To evaluate numt-related biases in population genetics parameters in birds, which are prone to accumulating numts, we targeted the mitochondrial mt-cytb gene. We looked at 13 populations of Audubon's shearwater (Puffinus lherminieri), including five mitochondrial lineages. mt-cytb homologue and paralogue (numt) sequences were determined by Sanger sequencing with and without prior exonuclease digestion of nuclear DNA. Numts formed monophyletic clades corresponding to three of the five mitochondrial lineages tested (the remaining two forming a paraphyletic group). Nineteen percent of numt alleles fell outside of their expected mitochondrial clade, a pattern consistent with multiple translocation events, incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), and/or introgression. When co-analysing mt-cytb paralogues and homologues, excluding individuals with ambiguities underestimates genetic diversity (4%) and differentiation (11%) among least-sampled populations. Removing ambiguous sites drops the proportion of inter-lineage genetic variance by 63%. While co-analysing numts with mitochondrial sequences can lead to severe bias and information loss in bird phylogeographic studies, the separate analysis of genuine mitochondrial loci and their nuclear paralogues can shed light on numt molecular evolution, as well as evolutionary processes such as ILS and introgression.
Resizing the largest known extinct rodents (Caviomorpha: Dinomyidae, Neoepiblemidae) using occipital condyle width

Several extinct chinchilloid rodents in the clades Dinomyidae and Neoepiblemidae grew to sizes much larger than any living rodent species. However, the exact size of these rodents is a matter of controversy, with authors disagreeing due to issues over extrapolation and model selection. Prior estimates for the two largest extinct rodents, Phoberomys pattersoni and Josephoartigasia monesi, range from 230 to 700 kg for P. pattersoni and 350 to 2600 kg for J. monesi. Here, I estimate body mass in large, extinct rodents using occipital condyle width (OCW), a strong predictor of body size in mammals, using a dataset that circumvents many of the issues faced by previous studies of species. Body masses under shape-corrected OCW are much lower than previous studies: 108–200 kg for P. pattersoni and 480 kg for J. monesi. Mass estimates for other rodent taxa (Neoepiblema, Telicomys, Dinomys) agree with previous studies. Estimates using skull length, corrected condyle width and head-body length are similar, suggesting estimates of 150 kg for Phoberomys and 480 kg for Josephoartigasia, and that larger estimates of 700 and 1200 kg are unlikely. High estimates in previous studies appear to be due to the unrecognized, nonlinear relationship between certain skeletal measurements (skull size) and body mass.
The bug in a teacup—monitoring arthropod–plant associations with environmental DNA from dried plant material

Environmental DNA analysis (eDNA) has revolutionized the field of biomonitoring in the past years. Various sources have been shown to contain eDNA of diverse organisms, for example, water, soil, gut content and plant surfaces. Here we show that dried plant material is a highly promising source for arthropod community eDNA. We designed a metabarcoding assay to enrich diverse arthropod communities while preventing amplification of plant DNA. Using this assay, we analysed various commercially produced teas and herbs. These samples recovered ecologically and taxonomically diverse arthropod communities, a total of over a thousand species in more than 20 orders, many of them specific to their host plant and its geographical origin. Atypically for eDNA, arthropod DNA in dried plants shows very high temporal stability, opening up plant archives as a source for historical arthropod eDNA. Considering these results, dried plant material appears excellently suited as a novel tool to monitor arthropods and arthropod–plant interactions, detect agricultural pests and identify the geographical origin of imported plant material. The simplicity of our approach and the ability to detect highly diverse arthropod communities from all over the world in tea bags also highlights its utility for outreach purposes and to raise awareness about biodiversity.
Conceptual preferences can be transmitted via selective social information use between competing wild bird species

Concept learning is considered a high-level adaptive ability. Thus far, it has been studied in laboratory via asocial trial and error learning. Yet, social information use is common among animals but it remains unknown whether concept learning by observing others occurs. We tested whether pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) form conceptual relationships from the apparent choices of nest-site characteristics (geometric symbol attached to the nest-box) of great tits (Parus major). Each wild flycatcher female (n = 124) observed one tit pair that exhibited an apparent preference for either a large or a small symbol and was then allowed to choose between two nest-boxes with a large and a small symbol, but the symbol shape was different to that on the tit nest. Older flycatcher females were more likely to copy the symbol size preference of tits than yearling flycatcher females when there was a high number of visible eggs or a few partially visible eggs in the tit nest. However, this depended on the phenotype, copying switched to rejection as a function of increasing body size. Possibly the quality of and overlap in resource use with the tits affected flycatchers' decisions. Hence, our results suggest that conceptual preferences can be horizontally transmitted across coexisting animals, which may increase the performance of individuals that use concept learning abilities in their decision-making.