Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examination of the Effect of Employees' Perception of Reward and Punishment on Their Future Prospect

Organisational justice is the of employees’ perception of fairness regarding the implementations in their organisation. In this context, employees having a perception that rewards and punishments given to them are accurate and fair bears significance in terms of both their job satisfaction and expectations from future. This perception leads to a feeling that their workplace is a safe environment and also increases their work capacity and organisational commitment. Nonlinear canonical correlation analysis is a method that targets to model and explain the correlation power between two or more variable clusters, and that can be effectively applied on different fields. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the reward and punishment perceptions of employees and their work capacity as well as the relationship between their future expectations and perceptions of reward and punishment. The study used questionnaire data from 208 individuals and findings were obtained through Nonlinear Canonical Correlation Analysis. Based on the findings obtained from the analysis, a relation exists between work capacity and reward and punishment at a rate of 72.4%. It was observed in the study that the work capacity of individuals that experienced frequent concerns over possible punishments, were sometimes afraid that they might be charged with ungrounded allegations, and that they needed to work quite a lot in their jobs were at medium-high level. The perception of employees that the rewards and punishments are fair will increase their hopes for the future along with the feeling that employees are an asset for the organisation and foster the thought of having fair gains in future. As a result of the analysis, it was observed that a relation at a rate of 69.2% exists between future expectations and reward and punishment perceptions. Furthermore, it was also established that individuals who aim to advance in their career in their workplace, have concerns over this, and believe that the salary they earn currently may not be possible to earn in another workplace within 5-7 years have high hopes for the future. This shows that the employees believe working in their current workplace will be rewarding and they have faith in that their expectations from the future will eventually come true. Keywords: Organisational justice, Nonlinear canonical correlation analysis, perception of reward and punishment, work capacity, future prospects
Seismic sensitivity to sub-surface solar activity from 18 yr of GOLF/SoHO observations ,

Solar activity has significantly changed over the last two Schwabe cycles. After a long and deep minimum at the end of Cycle 23, the weaker activity of Cycle 24 contrasts with the previous cycles. In this work, the response of the solar acoustic oscillations to solar activity is used in order to provide insights into the structural and magnetic changes in the sub-surface layers of the Sun during this on-going unusual period of low activity. We analyze 18 yr of continuous observations of the solar acoustic oscillations collected by the Sun-as-a-star GOLF instrument on board the SoHO spacecraft. From the fitted mode frequencies, the temporal variability of the frequency shifts of the radial, dipolar, and quadrupolar modes are studied for different frequency ranges that are sensitive to different layers in the solar sub-surface interior. The low-frequency modes show nearly unchanged frequency shifts between Cycles 23 and 24, with a time evolving signature of the quasi-biennial oscillation, which is particularly visible for the quadrupole component revealing the presence of a complex magnetic structure. The modes at higher frequencies show frequency shifts that are 30% smaller during Cycle 24, which is in agreement with the decrease observed in the surface activity between Cycles 23 and 24. The analysis of 18 yr of GOLF oscillations indicates that the structural and magnetic changes responsible for the frequency shifts remained comparable between Cycle 23 and Cycle 24 in the deeper sub-surface layers below 1400 km as revealed by the low-frequency modes. The frequency shifts of the higher-frequency modes, sensitive to shallower regions, show that Cycle 24 is magnetically weaker in the upper layers of Sun.
Productivity and efficiency of nitrogen fertilization in maize under different levels of urea and NBPT-treated urea

The management of nitrogen fertilization is complex due to the various transformations of the nitrogen that occur in the soil-plant-atmosphere system, reducing the efficiency of the fertilization, productivity and the profit margin of the maize production areas. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different levels of common urea and urea treat with NBPT [N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide] on the productivity and efficiency of the nitrogen fertilization in maize, correlated with simple economic analysis. The design of the field experiment was in randomized complete blocks with six repetitions, in a 2 x 4 factorial outline, made up of by two sources of nitrogen (urea and NBPT-treated urea) and four levels of nitrogen as top dressing (60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1). The sources and applied nitrogen levels influenced the productivity and the leaf and grain nitrogen contents, while the production components (size and diameter of the ear, and percentage of straw and cob) were not altered. The agronomic efficiency of the nitrogen fertilization decreased with the increase of the applied nitrogen levels. The highest gross profit margin in the maize culture is obtained with 180 kg ha-1 of nitrogen supplied in the NBPT-treated urea.
Approaching Erasmus students’ intercultural communicative competence through their socialisation patterns

This paper presents a qualitative analysis of the impact of university students’ socialisation patterns on the development of ICC (Intercultural Communicative Competence) during their Erasmus placements. In our research, we complement previous comparative analyses of a quantitative nature between UK and Spain based students’ ICC. The answers to sixteen items from a questionnaire provided by 40 Nottingham Trent University and 30 University of Salamanca students shed light on three pivotal dimensions: everyday interaction patterns, overall perception of the study sojourn, and intercultural lessons learned during their stay. Our results show that, at the end of their placement, both cohorts report no substantial differences on their means to socialise while abroad and that the two confer paramount importance to being open-minded and using the target language proficiently, while their perception differs regarding aspects such as their previous knowledge about the host country or their self-image as representatives of their home culture.
A comfirmatory factor analysis of a newly integrated multidimensional school engagement scale

Inconsistencies in measures of school engagement in the literature have called for a re-conceptualization of the school engagement construct. Although many researchers view school engagement as a multifaceted construct, to our knowledge, none of the available instruments have integrated all the important domains that represent its multifaceted nature. This study is our first attempt to examine the psychometric properties of a newly integrated Multidimensional School Engagement Scale (MSES). Data were gathered from 2,381 secondary school students, aged 14 to 16, from 40 day schools in northern Malaysia. Exploratory factor analysis and confi rmatory factor analytic techniques were used to examine the instrument. Based on the available literature, we posited an a priori hypothesis that the scales could be explained by three fi rst-order factors and one second-order factor. We used SPSS v.12 and AMOS 6.0 to analyze the data. Findings supported our hypothesis that the school engagement construct can be explained by three fi rst-order factors and one hierarchical factor comprising cognitive engagement, behavioural engagement, and psychological engagement sub-scales. Findings also showed acceptable internal consistency reliability for the overall scale and the three specific sub-scales of adolescent school engagement.
Pricing Models of e-Books When Competing with p-Books

With the rise in popularity of e-books, there is a growing need to reexamine the pricing strategy in the e-book supply chain. In this paper, we study two forms of pricing models widely used in the book industry: wholesale and agency pricing models. We first assume a stylized deterministic demand model in which the demand depends on the price, the degree of substitution, and the overall market potential. Subsequently, we employ the game theory to determine the price equilibriums and profit distribution under different pricing models. Finally, we explore the behavior of the publisher and the retailer under different preferences and degrees of substitution through a computational study. Our findings indicate that the e-book price will be lower under the agency pricing model than under the wholesale pricing model, which is counterintuitive. The publishers have higher incentives to adopt the agency pricing model than the wholesale pricing model. The agency pricing model benefits the whole system and can provide readers with books at lower prices. The degree of substitution between the two forms of books and the readers’ preference toward e-book will affect the books’ price and the profit distribution between the publisher and the retailers.
Mining Rare Patterns by Using Automated Threshold Support

Essentially the most primary and crucial part of data mining is pattern mining. For acquiring important corre-lations among the information, method called itemset mining plays vital role Earlier, the notion of itemset mining was used to acquire the absolute most often occurring items in the itemset. In some situation, though having utility value less than threshold it is necessary to locate such items because they are of great use. Considering the thought of weight for each and every apparent items brings effectiveness for mining the pattern efficiently. Different mining algorithms are utilized to obtain the correlations among the information items based on frequency with the items in the dataset occurs. In frequent itemset, those things which occurs frequently whereas, in infrequent itemset the items that occur very rarely are obtained. Determining such form of data is tougher than to locate data which occurs frequently. Frequent Itemset Mining (FISM) locates large and frequent itemsets in huge data for example market baskets. Such data has two properties that are not addressed by FISM; Mixture property and projection property. Here the proposed system combines both mixture as well as projection property further providing automated support thresholds.
Hedonic Price for the Italian Red Wine: A Panel Analysis

We use a unique dataset to estimate the hedonic price function for Italian red wine sold on the Italian market in the period 2006-2008. For each bottle considered, the dataset allows us to know several characteristic such as the price by retail channel (price in supermarkets and in wine shops), label characteristics, chemical analysis, sensorial characteristics and experts’ evaluations. The objective of the analysis is to estimate the importance of the different class of variables on price and through time. The analysis shows that the price mainly depends on the label characteristics of the wine sold; other indicators, even when statistically significant, are quite irrelevant. The producer seems to have a limited market power especially in the large distribution where label characteristics explain about 90% of price formation. For wine shops the single characteristics of each wine seem to be more relevant.
Genetic diversity in lowland, midaltitude and highland African maize landraces by morphological trait evaluation

Genetic diversity information is a resource for improvement in crop productivity and trait performance, however, there is scanty information on genetic diversity estimates in the maize landraces covering the major geographical regions of Africa. In the current study, the genetic diversity of 35 landraces originating from lowland, midaltitude and highland regions of Africa and held in the IITA Genetic Resource Center, Ibadan, Nigeria, were evaluated using morphological trait evaluation. The landraces were tested in non-stressed environments in Ghana by evaluation of 27 traits. A large within and between genetic variability was identified which increased from highland to lowland populations and was highest in the midaltitude population. Genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.00 to 0.80 with mean of 0.26±0.18 across the three populations, and 0.23±0.16, 0.29±0.18, and 0.38±0.25 in the midaltitude, lowland and highland populations, respectively. A total of 21 discriminant traits were identified from the principal components analysis. A UPGMA cluster analysis and PCA biplot produced four main clusters which provide a sound basis for exploitation of heterosis. Nine distant landraces were identified majority of which produced grain yield exceeding 5.0 Mg ha-1. In terms of improvement in grain yield, earliness and drought tolerance, TZm-14, TZm-41, TZm-242, TZm-37, TZm-1360, TZm-1376, TZm-1367, TZm-4, and TZm-270 would be useful. A large genetic diversity resides in the African maize landraces which could be conserved and exploited for maize improvement. Key words: Maize, genetic diversity, African maize landraces, morphological traits, cluster analysis, PCA.
Characterization and Identification of Tef (Eragrostis tef) Seed Endophytic Bacterial Species and Evaluate their Effect on Plant Growth Promotion

In the present day there is no report on characterization and identification of bacterial endophytes isolated from tef (Eragrostis tef) seeds. This study was conducted to screen, identify, and characterize bacterial endophytes isolated from tef seeds germplasm repository and determine if the bacterial provided plant growth promotion. Nine endophytic bacterial species were identified from 83 tef seed accessions using a Biolog microbial identification system, which utilize 95 different carbon sources. Eight of the identified bacterial species could produce amylase, seven of the species could solubilize phosphate and six of the bacteria could degrade cellulose. All the bacteria were shown to enhance growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under laboratory condition. Pseudomonas stutzeri, Rhizobium radiobacter, Bacillus butanolivorans, Pseudomonas putida biotype B, Enterobacter cowanii, Pantoea dispersa, Enterobacter cloacae ss dissolvens, Serratia ficaria and Pantoea agglomerans significantly increased mean root dry mass of inoculated Triticum aestivum up to 9.8%, 9.3%, 8.1%, 7.9%, 7.7%, 7.5%, 7%, 6.9% and 5.5% respectively and increase the mean shoot dry mass of Triticum aestivum up to 29%, 25%, 23%, 26%, 23%, 20%, 22% and 19% respectively. In addition, several seed endophytic bacterial species exhibited tolerance to salinity up to 6% and only Bacillus butanolivorans tolerated salinity up to 15% and temperature up to 60°C, this suggested the potential for possible application under stressed environmental conditions and possible utility as bioinoculant for maintaining sustainable agricultural production and productivity without affecting human health.
Impact of Milk Somatic Cell Count on Escherichia coli Growth in Vitro

Bovine mastitis is of major economic impact on global dairy industries. Overshooting Escherichia coli (E. coli) growth due to impaired function of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) increases severity of acute mastitis. During mastitis, PMN account for the majority of somatic cells in milk. Besides PMN, soluble antimicrobial factors are secreted into milk. The objective of the current study was for how long and to what extent immigrating PMN and soluble factors in milk can inhibit E. coli growth in vitro. In 14 Holstein heifers, with somatic cell counts (SCC) 2.5*10 6 /ml) was induced by infusion of 1 µg Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) per udder quarter. Milk was collected 0, 24, 72 and 240 h after LPS infusion and E. coli growth was assessed in whole milk, cell depleted skim milk and Lysogeny Broth (LB). Whole milk containing somatic cells significantly inhibited E. coli growth 24 h after LPS infusion (P 90%) as assessed by flow cytometry. In conclusion PMN act as the main inhibiting factor for E. coli growth in mastitis milk in vitro.
Foreign direct investment and technology spillovers in Mexico: 20 years of NAFTA

This article analyses the development of technology capabilities in the manufacturing sector of Mexico during the last two decades. It has been argued that the inclusion of Mexico in the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994 would be enough to catch up with Canada and the United States. In this regard, trade liberalisation and foreign direct investment (FDI) would have been two strategic tools to close the technology gap between Mexico and its commercial partners in North America. Yet, after twenty years of NAFTA, it has been demonstrated that many indigenous firms in Mexico must develop an absorptive capacity to benefit from FDI. This paper suggests that the debate on the Asian miracle in the 1990s could be an adequate theoretical framework to discuss technology development and industrialisation in the case of emerging economies. In fact, this debate reveals two alternative approaches to explain the development of technology capabilities: (i) the accumulation view of growth, and (ii) the assimilation view of growth. Therefore, the Asian miracle exemplifies how entrepreneurship, learning and a supporting innovation policy could be an adequate strategy to benefit from FDI and technology spillovers in the case of emerging economies.
Does mindfulness mediate the influence of stress upon parenting relationships in a foster care population: a pilot study of the effectiveness of a mindfulness based parenting program for foster carers.

Australian welfare agencies are faced with increasing numbers of children needing out-of-home care placements and a shortage of foster carers. High levels of stress reported by foster carers have been recognised as a significant contributor to placement breakdowns and difficulty retaining foster carers. These factors suggest a need for increased support and training for foster carers. While a number of training programs have been developed, these focus primarily on addressing carers’ capacity to manage challenging behaviours. A growing evidence base reports the usefulness of mindfulness in reducing stress and improving parenting relationships in natural parents and their families. However there is little research reporting on the use of mindfulness in the foster care population. This paper reports the outcomes of a twophase project. The initial phase examined the relationship between stress and foster parenting relationship and the effect of self-reported capacity for mindfulness. Mindfulness was found to partially mediate the relationship between stress and some aspects of parenting. The second phase of the project involved the development and delivery of a 4-week mindfulness-based training program focusing on deepening
Ribbon knots and ribbon disks

For a ribbon knot, we will define, in §1, the ribbon disk pair associated with it. On the other hand, J.F. P. Hudson and D.W. Sumners gave a method to construct a disk pair [2], [13]. In §1 and 2, we will generalize their construction and show that a ribbon disk pair is obtained by our construction and vice versa. In [10], C D . Papakyriakopoulos proved that the complement of a classical knot is aspherical. As an analogy of this, we will prove, in §3, that the compelment of a ribbon disk is aspherical, and it follows from this fact that the fundamental group of a ribbon knot complement has no element of finite order. In the final section, we will calculate the higher homotopy groups of a higherdimensional ribbon knot complement, and in Theorem 4.4 we show that a ribbon n-knot for n ^ 3 is unknotted if the fundamental group of the knot complement is the infinite cyclic group. This result is proved independently by A. Kawauchi and T. Matumoto [5], Throughout the paper, we work in the piecewise-linear category although the results remain valid in the smooth category.
The power & politics of naming: literary onomastics within dystopian fiction

This research will examine the use of names within a particular genre of literature, in order to investigate the role of onomastics in shaping the characteristics of dystopian literature. Texts of this genre are unique in regards to the authoritarian and controlling nature of some ruling force, with this power manifested in a variety of manners, all of which feature important onomoastic manipulation in their composition. The control exercised over such naming is a major feature of the genre, but has received little scholarly attention. As a specialised genre, the number of core novels used to define the boundaries is relatively small, and thus allows research as a series in order to buil an interpretation that covers the genre as a whole.
The Stringency of Environmental Regulations and Technological Change: A Specific Test of the Porter Hypothesis

Trade creates wealth through economic growth, and increased level of income effects environment in different ways. Firstly, when people become wealthier, their demand for environmental protection will increase because their priorities will change from employment, income, food or housing to more qualitative measures such as cleaner environment. Through increased level of income, trade can save people from the poverty versus environmental degradation circle which forces the poor people to exploit the environment in order to survive. Secondly, with rising level of national income, the governments and/or private firms could increase the expenditures targeting environmental development. These changes resulting from wealth increase may also improve environmental rules and regulations. Usually the goal of environmental policies is to protect the environment by imposing restrictions on firms and/or consumers. These policies are often criticised as it is claimed that the international competitiveness of domestic firms is reduced. However, in contrast to this cost biased argument Michael Porter formulated the hypothesis that environmental policies could also serve as a vehicle to enhance the competitiveness. However, Michael Porter formulated the hypothesis that says environmental policy spurs innovation which makes firms better off in the long run, since it increases their competitiveness (Porter (1991), Porter and van der Linde (1995)). The aim of this paper is test for the validity of the Porter hypothesis and trade liberalisation effect on environment in the EU, the Persian Gulf and in North-South countries regions. Our results confirm the Porter hypothesis in these regions. Also, trade liberalisation increases the CO2 emission per capita in the Persian Gulf, EU and North-South countries regions.
Website hierarchy and the interaction between content organization, webpage and navigation design: A systemic functional hypermedia discourse analysis perspective

Website hierarchy is a central principle for organizing information in websites with implications for user orientation on the Web. Employing websites for children as case studies, this paper proposes a conceptualization of website hierarchy developed by adapting a tool from systemic functional linguistics to the analysis of websites. This new conceptualization draws on the strengths and reconciles the differences of existing ones in order to reflect the fluidity of websites as hypermedia texts on the WWW and the role that the interaction between content organization, webpage and navigation design plays in revealing a website's hierarchical organization and thereby orienting users within it.