Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Workload and Duration of ATC Voice Communications

This paper establishes the relationship between Air Traffic Controller Officer voice communications and workload. This relationship is established across various operative sectors in different hours, composing a wide, representative sample for the purposes of the study. It is assumed that Air Traffic Control system complexity is coupled to operational control difficulty and thus to Workload. To estimate Air Traffic Controller Officer workload, several complex and subjective factors are taken into account: experience, capabilities, age, motivation, mood and operational problem resolution strategies. Additionally, workload estimation is also influenced by other Air Traffic Control system parameters such as traffic volume, operational restrictions, weather, unexpected events or voice communications. Past studies in the area of voice communications and workload have shown the relationship between the number of Air Traffic Control communication events and their associated workload considering the number and total duration of the communications. However these studies have always been based on the use of a relatively small sample (less than 5 hours worth of recording [5, 13], hence reducing the statistical significance of their results.To overcome this limitation, this study has taken advantage of a highly reliable Automated Speech Recognition system based on the use of semantic analysis for controller event detection developed by CRIDA A.I.E. for Aena (Spanish Air Navigation Service Provider). This system has enabled the use of a larger data sample (381 hours of recordings and transcripts of Air Traffic Controller Officer voice communications) to analyse the full spectrum of control operational events related to workload. The analysis has focused on two parameters: number of communications and duration of the communications to establish the relationship between the Air Traffic Controller Officer voice communications and the workload. Keywords-component; ATC voice communications, human factors, workload, automated speech recognition, complexity.
OF THE INSTITUTE OF VEHICLES 4 ( 90 ) / 2012

This paper presents theoretical basis and application of image analysis for propose of a vision-based driver assistance system that helps to drive and increase driving safety. Using a video stream from a camera observing at the road, a computer program generates approximated road geometry. Then the program uses algorithms to estimate road shape, road width and car position on the road. The image analysis also enhances evaluation of distance from the preceding car. The computer program could also generate graphical and sound alerts to warn the driver of too high speed of approaching the preceding car, too small distance to the left or right road edge and about road curvature ahead.
The Great Stagnation: How America Ate All the Low-Hanging Fruit of Modern History, Got Sick, and Will (Eventually) Feel Better

FREE: The Future of A Radical Price by Chris Anderson It’s not that Chris Anderson is the source of all brilliance about the new economy, but he has a definite knack for identifying critical, disruptive market trends, and then writing about them directly, cogently and with humor. This book was controversial when it came out a year ago, but from my perspective in the early stage marketplace, I can tell you that his projections are much more right than they are wrong. This is stuff you NEED to understand to make sense of new business models.
Impact of Procrastination and Academic Motivation on Academic Self-efficacy among University Students

-The aim of the present study was to explore predictability of Academic Procrastination and Motivation with Academic SelfEfficacy among University Students. The data on Demographic Characteristics, Procrastination, Self-Efficacy and Achievement Motivation was collected through self-report questionnaires from a sample of 250 (150 Females and 100 Males)studying inB. S (Hons.) and M. Sc programs of University of Gujrat, Gujrat. The sample was selected via Stratified Proportion Sampling Technique. Data was collected by using the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS-C 28;Vallerand, Blais, Brière, & Pelletier, 1989) [1], Academic Self-Efficacy (Zajacova, Lynch, &Espenshade, 2005)[2], andProcrastination Assessment Scale-Students (PASS; Soloman&Rothblum, 1984)[3]. Results of multipleregression analysis found that significant predictors of academic self-efficacy are intrinsic motivation and procrastination. The findings implied that training workshops are required to make the students and faculty aware of the importance of the deadlines and time constraints in submission of assignments and projects, thus, affecting the academic performance of the pupils for their enhanced learning.
Pragmatism and the Social Dimension of Doubt Dogmatism , Learning and Scientific

In the traditional debate on the dichotomy between dogmatism and criticism in scientific practice (the Popper-Kuhn debate), dogmatism is considered a psychological or ethical attitude of the individual scientist. In this paper, I propose a new interpretation of scientific dogmatism by means of a reconstruction of the pragmatist and Wittgensteinian heritage of Kuhn’s concept of dogmatism. My thesis is that such a revised concept accounts for both the stability of scientific knowledge (against scepticism and ceaseless scientific revolutions), and the importance of doubt and criticism for scientific progress. This is possible only if we consider dogmatism from a social perspective that focuses on scientific communities as the main actors in the history of science. From this point of view, dogmatism is not the unjustified acceptance of particular beliefs, but the blind adherence to the “formal” normative structure of the paradigm. I argue that we have grounded this normative structure in the training process that physics students experience in their formative years, and that Kuhn describes in a similar way to Wittgenstein’s analysis of general linguistic training. Finally, dogmatism does not refer to a system of beliefs, but to a system of norms; not to the specific content of knowledge but to the way that scientific knowledge is authenticated, organised, and transmitted by scientific communities. The institutional structure of science, that is to say its social organisation trough training, textbooks, scientific communities and so on, is a precondition for the organisation of meaningful scientific Dogmatism, Learning and Scientific Pratices European Journal of Pragmatism and American Philosophy, V-2 | 2013 17
Assessing Volitional Impairment in Sexually Violent Predator Evaluations

Sexually Violent Predator (SVP) statutes require a mental abnormality, which is a legal construct that is partially defined by volitional impairment (VI). From a legal standpoint, a mental abnormality is understood to be a mental disorder with impaired behavioral self-control. In this article, VI is examined through the psychological constructs of impulsivity and impaired decision making. Informed by the ideas inherent in structured professional judgment and grounded in an idiographic approach, an approach to assessing VI is presented that can assist in a legal finding/determination of mental abnormality.
Collective Action in Digital Age : A Multilevel Model

This theory paper proposes a multilevel model for analyzing collective actions for social change in the networked information age. The model includes four levels of agency (individual, group, organizational, and bot) and three levels of affordance (application, network infrastructure, and socio-political system) to help analyze social change dynamics which have become more decentralized. Mechanisms and outcomes of interactions between factors in the model should be considered to offer a more complete picture of social change facilitated by digital communication technologies. Empirical studies based on this model will help illuminate the evolution of communication structures as well as the affordances that evolution provides for social change. Moreover, speedy disintermediation in networked spaces and interactions between the levels in this process provides an opportunity for better understanding information generation and mediation.
A “Reproductive Capital” Model of Marriage Market Matching

We often consider the toll the ticking biological clock takes on women, but not the economic loss it causes via its impact on marriage market prospects. I use an incentive-compatible experiment to show that age has a causal negative impact on women’s marriage market value. For every year a woman ages beyond 30, she must earn an extra $7,000 a year to remain equally attractive to potential partners. I then provide a matching model of the marriage market where women’s human capital investments impact a second dimension, “reproductive capital,” to study the implications for aggregate matching patterns. The model predicts that when the fertility loss from investment is large relative to the income gains, the top-earning men may not match with the top-earning women, and that women’s spousal income may in fact be non-monotonic in their own human capital. These predictions match patterns in historical data that I document for the first time. JEL Codes: C78, D10, I26, J12, J13, J16
Capacity limits during early perceptual encoding

When a unique stimulus is embedded in an otherwise homogenous display, it is thought to “pop-out” due to its relative increase in salience. We investigated whether the visual system has the ability to equally prioritize multiple salient pop-out items competing for awareness or whether this early stage of visual processing is constrained by capacity limits. We used signal detection (dV) methods to determine if sensitivity to a salient pop-out item decreases as function of the number of total salient items present in the visual display. Participants engaged in a signal detection task where they had to report the presence or absence of a simple display change that involved either a pop-out or a non-salient distractor stimulus. Results across four experiments consistently showed that sensitivity to changes involving pop-out stimuli was significantly reduced after more than one of these items was present in the visual array. Results are discussed in terms of neural models of visual encoding and other known capacity limits during visual processing.
Functional manifold projections in Deep-LEARCH

Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) has been studied for more that 15 years and is of fundamental importance in robotics. It allows learning a utility function “explaining” the behavior of an agent, and can thus be used for imitation or prediction of a given behavior by having solely access to demonstrated optimal or near optimal solutions. When the reward function is assumed to be a linear combination of features, IRL has strong convergence properties [AN04, KPRS13, BMZ15, MHB15, MHB16]. However, in the recent years, a lot of interest has been focused on using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to encode the reward function [FLA16, WZWP16]. Using such powerful nonlinear function approximators allows to learn from low level features directly, thus not requiring domain knowledge, which can potentially lead to learn higher fidelity behaviors. The LEARning to SearCH framework [RSB09] has introduced functional gradients as a powerful technique underlying the IRL loss optimization. This approach has shown to outperform subgradient methods when optimizing under a linear reward assumption, and was shown to efficiently optimize non-linear cost functions.
Mouse maternal protein restriction exclusively during preimplantation development leads to permanent alteration in brain neuron proportion and adult short-term memory

preimplantation development leads to permanent alteration in brain neuron proportion and adult short-term memory Joanna M. Gould, Phoebe J. Smith, Chris J. Airey, Emily J. Mort, Lauren E. Airey, Frazer D. M. Warricker, Jennifer E. Pearson-Farr, Eleanor C. Weston, Philippa J. W. Gould, Oliver G. Semmence, Katie Restall, Jennifer A. Watts, Patrick C. McHugh, Stephanie J. Smith, Jennifer Dewing, Tom P. Fleming, and Sandrine Willaime-Morawek Clinical Neurosciences and Psychiatry, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, United Kingdom; Q:10 Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, United Kingdom; Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, United Kingdom; and Centre for Biomarker Research, University of Huddersfield, HD1 3DH Huddersfield, United Kingdom
EVIEW uasi-experimental methods enable stronger inferences from bservational data in ecology

Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California–Berkeley, 130 Mulford all #3114, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA Geography Department, Humboldt University Berlin, Under den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany Department of Applied Economics 200A Ballard Extension Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 7331-3601, USA SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, adison, WI 53706, USA Integrative Research Institute on Transformations of Human-Natural Systems (IRI THESys), Humboldt University erlin, Under den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
Vocal cord paralysis : how to recognize , how to diagnose , and what should be focused upon by imaging methods

The exact incidence of vocal cord paralysis is unknown, but it seems to increase with age. The most common clinical findings include persistent hoarseness, dysphonia, and liquid aspiration. However, the presence of normal voice does not rule out the diagnosis and, in up to 35% of the cases, there are no symptoms. Therefore, this allows us to add the condition, side by side with adrenal, renal and thyroid nodules, for example, to the list of new incidentalomas that grow day by day in the routine of the radiologist. The “tsunami” of incidentalomas is principally due to the modern technological imaging arsenal available, with larger areas of the body being studied, in a faster and more accurate way, moreover with the advent of multidetector computed tomography (CT) scanners. The increase in detection of these “extra” findings, that elongate the radiologists’ observations at the end of their reports, implies the need of knowing the laryngeal anatomy and the typical radiological signs of vocal cord paralysis, even in asymptomatic patients. Enlargement of the piriform sinus, associated with thickening and anteromedial displacement of the ipsilateral aryepiglottic fold, are primary indicators of paralysis and can be easily recognized if little attention is dedicated to the region. The article in this issue of Radiologia Brasileira “Imaging evaluation of vocal cord paralysis” is valuable for its robust review of the vagus nerve and its branches. The main role of the radiologist dealing with a patient with known vocal cord paralysis is to detect or exclude innumerable and different lesions that may
COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY SAFARICOM KENYA LIMITED TO TACKLE COMPETITION VIOLET WANDAHO NJLGLNA Advaan

The intensity of competition in an industry is not a matter of luck. Rather, competition is rooted in underlying industry economics and goes well beyond the established competitors. Not all industries have equal potential. They differ fundamentally in their ultimate profit potential as the collective strength of the forces of competition differs; the forces range from intense in industries like tires, paper and steel, where no firm earns spectacular returns, to relatively mild in industries such as oil field equipment and services, cosmetics and toiletries, where high returns are common. Building long-term relationships with customers has become a critical strategy for most financial institutions in today's competitive financial markets. The objective of the study was to determine competitive strategies adopted by Safaricom Kenya Limited to tackle competition. The research design was a case study. The data collection tool was an interview guide. Content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative primary data which had been collected by conducting interviews and secondary information from the organization. The study established that Safaricom Kenya Limited was using differentiation, cost leadership strategy, focus strategy, product choice, and market penetration strategy and pricing strategy. The usage of the strategies resulted to formulation of policies and procedures which enhance the strategy, business plans formulated on low cost strategy, continuous innovation of new customer friendly product. The company is however faced by various challenges in the implementation of the strategies. These factors include organizational culture, organizational structure, leadership, management and inadequate resources.
Exercise Induced Hypervolemia: Role of Exercise Mode

EXERCISE INDUCED HYPERVOLEMIA: ROLE OF EXERCISE MODE William Bradley Nelson Department of Exercise Sciences Master of Science The supine posture has been shown to limit exercise-induced plasma volume expansion. Differences in hydrostatic pressure gradients between the standing and seated position indicate that treadmill exercise might promote a greater plasma volume expansion than cycle ergometer exercise. To test this hypothesis ten subjects performed intermittent high intensity exercise (4 min at 85% VO2max, 5 min at 40% VO2max repeated 8 times) on separate days on the treadmill and cycle ergometer. Changes in plasma volume expansion were calculated from changes in hematocrit and hemoglobin. Stroke volume (SV), trans-thoracic impedance (Z0), HR, and arterial blood pressure (noninvasive arm cuff, SBP & DBP) were assessed in the seated position before and postexercise. Zo increased (p<0.05) as subjects started exercise (both treadmill and cycling), indicating a reduction in central blood volume (CBV), which returned to baseline towards the end of exercise. Postexercise Zo returned to control levels within 30 min regardless of the previous exercise mode. A significant post-exercise hypotension was observed following cycle ergometer exercise (p<0.05) but not following treadmill exercise. Plasma volume increased 6.1±1.0% and 7.0 ± 1.1% (p<0.05) following treadmill and cycle ergometer exercise, respectively. The increase in PV was similar for both exercise modes. Initial differences in central blood volume disappeared over the course of the exercise protocol and during recovery, possibly indicating that there is a postural threshold and moving beyond it yields no further effect. The lack of differences between modes of exercise on plasma albumin content and Z0 indicate that the upright postures were not different from each other. As such, PV expansion following high intensity intermittent exercise appears to be independent of upright exercise mode.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Proline and COMT status affect visual connectivity in children with 22 q 11 . 2 deletion syndrome

Background: Individuals with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) are at increased risk for schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). Given the prevalence of visual processing deficits in these three disorders, a causal relationship between genes in the deleted region of chromosome 22 and visual processing is likely. Therefore, 22q11DS may represent a unique model to understand the neurobiology of visual processing deficits related with ASD and psychosis. Methodology: We measured Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) during a texture segregation task in 58 children with 22q11DS and 100 age-matched controls. The C1 component was used to index afferent activity of visual cortex area V1; the texture negativity wave provided a measure for the integrity of recurrent connections in the visual cortical system. COMT genotype and plasma proline levels were assessed in 22q11DS individuals. Principal Findings: Children with 22q11DS showed enhanced feedforward activity starting from 70 ms after visual presentation. ERP activity related to visual feedback activity was reduced in the 22q11DS group, which was seen as less texture negativity around 150 ms post presentation. Within the 22q11DS group we further demonstrated an association between high plasma proline levels and aberrant feedback/feedforward ratios, which was moderated by the COMT genotype. Conclusions: These findings confirm the presence of early visual processing deficits in 22q11DS. We discuss these in terms of dysfunctional synaptic plasticity in early visual processing areas, possibly associated with deviant dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmission. As such, our findings may serve as a promising biomarker related to the development of schizophrenia among 22q11DS individuals. Citation: Magnée MJCM, Lamme VAF, de Sain-van der Velden MGM, Vorstman JAS, Kemner C (2011) Proline and COMT Status Affect Visual Connectivity in Children with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. PLoS ONE 6(10): e25882. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0025882 Editor: Takeo Yoshikawa, Rikagaku Kenkyūsho Brain Science Institute, Japan Received June 21, 2011; Accepted September 12, 2011; Published October 5, 2011 Copyright: 2011 Magnée et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: The work described was supported by an Innovational Research Incentives grant (VIDI-scheme, 402-01-094) of The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, a Neuroscience and Cognition Utrecht grant from Utrecht University to Chantal Kemner and an European Research Council advanced investigator grant to Victor Lamme. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: M.J.C.M. Magnee@umcutrecht.nl
Using lexical semantics to predict the distributivity potential of Verb Phrases in a large dataset

There is a long tradition of work on how these sentences should be represented semantically (Champollion, 2010, 2017; Dowty, 1987; Landman, 1989, 2000; Lasersohn, 1995; Roberts, 1987; de Vries, 2015; Winter, 2000, among others). Specifically, how should we capture the two distinct understandings available to (3) — in terms of a semantic ambiguity (of what sort? ), 1Thanks to the participants at Linguistic Evidence, and two anonymous reviewers, for stimulating comments. This paper is based on my dissertation, Glass (2018b). I am grateful to my committee (Beth Levin, Christopher Potts, Cleo Condoravdi, and Daniel Lassiter) for guidance; to Lucas Champollion for discussion; and to Nanjiang Jiang for helping to collect data. For financial support, I thank the American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS), the Phi Beta Kappa Northern California Association, and Stanford Vice Provost for Graduate Education.
Aalborg Universitet Voltage-Modulated Direct Power Control for a Weak Grid-Connected Voltage Source

In this paper, we design a voltage modulated direct power control (VM-DPC) for a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) connected to a weak grid, where the PLL system may make the system unstable if the conventional vector current control (VCC) method is applied. Compared with the conventional VCC method, the main advantage of the proposed VM-DPC method is that the PLL system is eliminated. Moreover, in order to inject the rated real power to the weak grid, the VSI system should generate some certain amount of reactive power as well. An eigenvalues based analysis shows the system with the proposed method tracks its desired dynamics in the certain operating range. Both simulation and experimental results match the theoretical expectations closely.