Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of the energy adaptive MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks with RF energy transfer

Recently, RF energy transfer has been introduced as an alternative method for powering sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, RF energy transfer-based sensor networks have a problem of unfairness among sensor nodes due to the significant difference between their energy harvesting rates according to their positions. To overcome this problem, the energy adaptive MAC protocol, called EA-MAC, has been proposed in our previous work [1], which adaptively manages the duty cycle of sensor nodes according to the amount of their harvested energy as well as the contention time of sensor nodes considering fairness among them. However, [1] does not provide an analytical model to get the throughput and fairness of EA-MAC. In this paper, we provide an analytical model that can accurately evaluate the performance of EA-MAC and verify the validity of the model by comparing analytical results with simulation results.
Efficient synonym filtering and scalable delayed translation for hybrid virtual

Conventional translation look-aside buffers (TLBs) are required to complete address translation with short latencies, as the address translation is on the critical path of all memory accesses even for L1 cache hits. Such strict TLB latency restrictions limit the TLB capacity, as the latency increase with large TLBs may lower the overall performance even with potential TLB miss reductions. Furthermore, TLBs consume a significant amount of energy as they are accessed for every instruction fetch and data access. To avoid the latency restriction and reduce the energy consumption, virtual caching techniques have been proposed to defer translation to after L1 cache misses. However, an efficient solution for the synonym problem has been a critical issue hindering the wide adoption of virtual caching. Based on the virtual caching concept, this study proposes a hybrid virtual memory architecture extending virtual caching to the entire cache hierarchy, aiming to improve both performance and energy consumption. The hybrid virtual caching uses virtual addresses augmented with address space identifiers (ASID) in the cache hierarchy for common non-synonym addresses. For such non-synonyms, the address translation occurs only after last-level cache (LLC) misses. For uncommon synonym addresses, the addresses are translated to physical addresses with conventional TLBs before L1 cache accesses. To support such hybrid translation, we propose an efficient synonym detection mechanism based on Bloom filters which can identify synonym candidates with few false positives. For large memory applications, delayed translation alone cannot solve the address translation problem, as fixed-granularity delayed TLBs may not scale with the increasing memory requirements. To mitigate the translation scalability problem, this study proposes a delayed many segment translation designed for the hybrid virtual caching. The experimental results show that our approach effectively lowers accesses to the TLBs, leading to significant power savings. In addition, the approach provides performance improvement with scalable delayed translation with variable length segments.
BER analysis of uplink OFDMA in the presence of carrier frequency and timing offsets

In uplink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), carrier frequency offsets (CFO) and/or timing offsets (TO) of other users with respect to a desired user can cause significant multiuser interference (MUI). In this paper, we derive analytical bit error rate (BER) expressions that quantify the degradation of BER due to the combined effect of both CFOs as well as TOs; such an analytical BER derivation has not been reported so far for uplink OFDMA in the presence of CFOs and TOs. For the case when the desired user is perfectly frequency/time aligned (and other users have non-zero CFOs/TOs), we obtain an exact closed-form expression for the BER. For the case when the desired user also has non-zero CFO/TO, we obtain an approximate BER expression involving a single integral. Analytical and simulation results are shown to match quite well.
Compact modeling of multiple gate mos devices.

Aquesta tesi doctoral presenta models analitics electrostatics i de transport de diferents tipus de transistors MOSFET de porta multiple: Double-Gate (DG) MOSFET, Gate-All- Around MOSFETs i FinFETs. Les estructures de porta multiple son les mes adequades per aconseguir la miniaturitzacio dels circuits CMOS per sota dels 50 nm de longitud de canal. La reduccio del tamany implica mes velocitat i mes densitat de circuits a un xip, pero tambe dona lloc a problemes (efectes de canal curt) que empitjoren les prestacions dels transistors; aquests problemes es deuen a un control mes deficient del canal per la porta, que causa un augment del corrent de fuites (degradant la relacio on/off del corrent) i disminucio de la resistencia de sortida (degradant el guany). Amb les estructures de porta multiple el control electrostatic del canal per la porta augmenta considerablement i els efectes de canal curt es redueixen drasticament. El disseny de circuits nanometrics necessita models acurats dels dispositius MOS de porta multiple. A mes, els models han desser analitics, de manera que els puguin utilitzar els simuladors de circuits, amb temps de simulacio petits i sense problemes de convergencia. Aquesta tesi presenta models analitics dels transistors multi-gate MOSFETs, tant per al comportament electrostatic com pels mecanismes de transport. Lelectrostatica ha estat modelada a partir de lequacio de Poisson en 2 o 3 dimensions. Shan desenvolupat tecniques per resoldre analiticament lequacio de Poisson. El fet de que els models es derivin duna analisi bidimensional o tridimensional fa que els efectes de canal curt sincloguin de manera fisica, sense parametres empirics. Els models analitics resultants shan comparat amb simulacions numeriques bidimensionals i tridimensionals, i sha observat una concordancia quasi perfecta fins als 20 nm de longitud de canal. En el cas del FinFET, a mes, sha pogut realitzar una comparacio amb mesures experimentals, que ha resultat bastant exitosa. Aquesta tesi esta recolzada per un total 7 articles publicats o acceptats a revistes internacionals, i dos mes denviats. MODELADO COMPACTO DE DISPOSITIVOS MOSFET DE PUERTA MULTIPLE Hamdy M. Abd El Hamid Resumen En esta tesis hemos estudiado las caracteristicas de los dispositivos MOSFET no dopados de puerta multiple (multiple-gate MOSFETs), con dimensiones nanometricas. Hemos introducido modelos compactos de los efectos de canal corto (SCEs) para tres tipos de dispositivos MOS de puerta multiple (surrounding-gate MOSFET, double-gate MOSFET, y FinFET). Se han conseguido modelar los principales parametros afectados por los efectos de canal corto. Este trabajo supone un avance muy importante en el modelado de los nuevos dispositivos nanometricos MOS de puerta multiple. Una buena prueba de ello es que la mayor parte de los resultados presentados en esta tesis se han publicado (o estan aceptados para publicacion) en prestigiosas revistas internacionales y en actas de congresos internacionales de reconocido prestigio.
An effective programmable prefetch engine for on-chip caches

Current superscalar processors, both RISC and CISC, require substantial instruction fetch and decode bandwidth to keep multiple functional units utilized. While CISC instructions can sometimes provide reduced fetch bandwidth requirements, they are correspondingly more difficult to decode. A hardware assist, called a fill unit, can dynamically collect decoded microoperations into a decoded instruction cache. Future code fetches to those locations can be satisfied out of this cache and thus bypass the decoding logic. This approach is investigated using the Intel x86 architecture, and a speedup of approximately a factor of two over a P6-like decoding structure is seen for the three SPEC benchmarks investigated. This design is accompanied by a microengine-register allocation and renaming scheme that prevents the increased supply of microoperations from placing excessive demands on the normal register renaming hardware.
Global Occurrence and Emission of Rotaviruses to Surface Waters

Group A rotaviruses (RV) are the major cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children globally. Waterborne transmission of RV and the presence of RV in water sources are of major public health importance. In this paper, we present the Global Waterborne Pathogen model for RV (GloWPa-Rota model) to estimate the global distribution of RV emissions to surface water. To our knowledge, this is the first model to do so. We review the literature to estimate three RV specific variables for the model: incidence, excretion rate and removal during wastewater treatment. We estimate total global RV emissions to be 2 × 1018 viral particles/grid/year, of which 87% is produced by the urban population. Hotspot regions with high RV emissions are urban areas in densely populated parts of the world, such as Bangladesh and Nigeria, while low emissions are found in rural areas in North Russia and the Australian desert. Even for industrialized regions with high population density and without tertiary treatment, such as the UK, substantial emissions are estimated. Modeling exercises like the one presented in this paper provide unique opportunities to further study these emissions to surface water, their sources and scenarios for improved management.
Review of position estimation methods for IPMSM drives without a position sensor part I: Nonadaptive methods

This paper presents a review in state of the art techniques for position sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor drives. In particular nonadaptive methods like estimators using monitored stator voltages or currents, flux estimators and back-EMF based estimators are described. Furthermore the authors give an overview for current methods to the integrator drift problem.
Learning CPG-based Biped Locomotion with a Policy Gradient Method: Application to a Humanoid Robot

In this paper we describe a learning framework for a central pattern generator (CPG)-based biped locomotion controller using a policy gradient method. Our goals in this study are to achieve CPG-based biped walking with a 3D hardware humanoid and to develop an efficient learning algorithm with CPG by reducing the dimensionality of the state space used for learning. We demonstrate that an appropriate feedback controller can be acquired within a few thousand trials by numerical simulations and the controller obtained in numerical simulation achieves stable walking with a physical robot in the real world. Numerical simulations and hardware experiments evaluate the walking velocity and stability. The results suggest that the learning algorithm is capable of adapting to environmental changes. Furthermore, we present an online learning scheme with an initial policy for a hardware robot to improve the controller within 200 iterations.
Complex translational regulation of BACE1 involves upstream AUGs and stimulatory elements within the 5′ untranslated region

BACE1 is the protease responsible for the production of amyloid-β peptides that accumulate in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. BACE1 expression is regulated at the transcriptional, as well as post-transcriptional level. Very high BACE1 mRNA levels have been observed in pancreas, but the protein and activity were found mainly in brain. An up-regulation of the protein has been described in some AD patients without a change in transcript levels. The features of BACE1 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR), such as the length, GC content, evolutionary conservation and presence of upstream AUGs (uAUGs), indicate an important regulatory role of this 5′ UTR in translational control. We demonstrate that, in brain and pancreas, almost all of the native BACE1 mRNA contains the full-length 5′ UTR. RNA transfection and in vitro translation show that translation is mainly inhibited by the presence of the uAUGs. We provide a mutational analysis that highlight the second uAUG as the main inhibitory element while mutations of all four uAUGs fully de-repress translation. Furthermore, we have evidence that a sequence within the region 222-323 of the BACE1 5′ UTR has a stimulatory effect on translation that might depend on the presence of trans-acting factors.
The Schistosoma mansoni Cytochrome P450 (CYP3050A1) Is Essential for Worm Survival and Egg Development

Schistosomiasis affects millions of people in developing countries and is responsible for more than 200,000 deaths annually. Because of toxicity and limited spectrum of activity of alternatives, there is effectively only one drug, praziquantel, available for its treatment. Recent data suggest that drug resistance could soon be a problem. There is therefore the need to identify new drug targets and develop drugs for the treatment of schistosomiasis. Analysis of the Schistosoma mansoni genome sequence for proteins involved in detoxification processes found that it encodes a single cytochrome P450 (CYP450) gene. Here we report that the 1452 bp open reading frame has a characteristic heme-binding region in its catalytic domain with a conserved heme ligating cysteine, a hydrophobic leader sequence present as the membrane interacting region, and overall structural conservation. The highest sequence identity to human CYP450s is 22%. Double stranded RNA (dsRNA) silencing of S. mansoni (Sm)CYP450 in schistosomula results in worm death. Treating larval or adult worms with antifungal azole CYP450 inhibitors results in worm death at low micromolar concentrations. In addition, combinations of SmCYP450-specific dsRNA and miconazole show additive schistosomicidal effects supporting the hypothesis that SmCYP450 is the target of miconazole. Treatment of developing S. mansoni eggs with miconazole results in a dose dependent arrest in embryonic development. Our results indicate that SmCYP450 is essential for worm survival and egg development and validates it as a novel drug target. Preliminary structure-activity relationship suggests that the 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethan-1-ol moiety of miconazole is necessary for activity and that miconazole activity and selectivity could be improved by rational drug design.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is a common, preventable, and treatable disease characterized by persistent airflow obstruction associated with enhanced inflammation in the airways and the lung in response to noxious particles or gases. Clinical history and pulmonary function testing are necessary for accurate diagnosis. While exposure to tobacco smoke remains a common cause, other etiologies and underlying genetic predisposition play significant roles. Treatment options are numerous and should be individualized based on symptoms and exacerbation frequency.
A Retrospective Cohort Study of the Incidence, Health Care Resource Utilization and Costs of International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification, 9th Revision Diagnosed Influenza and Related Complications in US Children.

BACKGROUND There is a paucity of data on the clinical and economic impact of seasonal influenza in children. This study estimated the incidence of diagnosed influenza and related complications and associated health care resource utilization and costs in US children. METHODS Children ≥6 months and <18 years old diagnosed with influenza using International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification, 9th revision codes and enrolled in a health plan during at least one influenza season between 2010 and 2014 were matched to similar patients without diagnosed influenza (GSK study identifier: HO-15-15728). Outcomes included incidence of influenza and complications, health care resource utilization frequency and health care costs during 21 days of follow-up. Adjusted costs were estimated using generalized linear models. RESULTS Incidence (per 1000) of influenza was 20.3 (commercially insured) and 32.6 (Medicaid), with the highest incidence among 6-35 months old (Commercial: 26.8; Medicaid: 47.9). Approximately 12%-17% of influenza patients experienced complications, with the 6-35 months group having the highest percentage (25%-30%). The 6-35-month-old influenza patients with complications had the highest proportion with hospitalizations (5%-6%) and emergency room visits (Commercial: 19%; Medicaid: 36%). Influenza patients with (vs. without) complications had greater adjusted mean influenza-specific costs (Commercial: $1161 vs. $337; Medicaid: $1199 vs. $354; P<0.05), and influenza cases (vs. controls) had greater adjusted mean all-cause costs (Commercial: $688 vs. $470; Medicaid: $818 vs. $453; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Pediatric patients with influenza incurred higher health care costs compared with matched controls, and influenza-specific costs were greater among those with complications.
Design and Characterization of a Novel Hybrid Actuator Using Shape Memory Alloy and DC Micromotor for Minimally Invasive Surgery Applications

The end-effectors in the state-of-the-art robotic tools for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) are actuated by actuator packs located outside the patient's body, with the power transmitted from the actuator pack to the end-effector by means of sliding link or tendon-driven mechanisms. This method of power transmission limits the number of degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) in these systems, as the design of a spherical wrist gets complicated. The design of the spherical wrists can be simplified, and the number of DOFs increased, if local actuation is used for the end-effector. However, there are no suitable actuation systems available in the literature. In this paper, a novel design idea for developing a millimeter-scale actuator is presented for locally actuating the end-effector (5-mm-diameter laparoscopic needle driver) for a robot performing MIS. This actuator is designed by combining a dc micromotor and a shape memory alloy actuator in series. The designed actuator is 5.14 mm in diameter (including casing) and 40 mm in length, and is used to actuate a 20-mm-long needle driver assembly, while generating a force of 24 N, resulting in a gripping force of 8 N. The total stroke length of the actuator is 1 mm, which results in a 45 opening of the needle driver jaw with a gap of 8 mm in between the jaws.
Gaussian Noise Level Estimation in SVD Domain for Images

Accurate estimation of noise level is of fundamental interest in a wide variety of vision and image processing applications as it is critical to the processing techniques that follow. In this paper, a new, effective noise level estimation method is proposed based on the study of singular values of noise-corrupted images. There are two major novel aspects of this work to address the major challenges in noise estimation: 1) the use of the tail of singular values for noise estimation to alleviate the influence of the signal on the data basis for the noise estimation process, 2) the addition of known noise to estimate the content-dependent parameter, so that the proposed scheme is adaptive to visual signal and therefore it enables wider application scope of the proposed scheme. The analysis and experiments results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can reliably infer noise levels and show robust behavior over a wide range of visual content and noise conditions, in comparison with the relevant existing methods.
ISM@FIRE-2014: Shared Task on Transliterated Search

This paper describe approaches we used for the Shared Task on Transliterated Search in FIRE-2014. The approaches solve identification of native languages of given terms/words and their labeling. MaxEnt a supervised classifier is used for the classification and labeling. The word labeling completion is followed by back-transliteration of Hindi H labeled terms. For the back-transliteration we have used generative and GEN-EXT(combination of generative and extraction) approaches. From the evaluation it has been seen that our Runs has performed best in some metrics like LA, LP, LF, EF etc. For some metrics runs performed closed to 2nd and 3rd best, and in some other performance was poor as well.
ChannelsDB: database of biomacromolecular tunnels and pores

Abstract ChannelsDB (http://ncbr.muni.cz/ChannelsDB) is a database providing information about the positions, geometry and physicochemical properties of channels (pores and tunnels) found within biomacromolecular structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank. Channels were deposited from two sources; from literature using manual deposition and from a software tool automatically detecting tunnels leading to the enzymatic active sites and selected cofactors, and transmembrane pores. The database stores information about geometrical features (e.g. length and radius profile along a channel) and physicochemical properties involving polarity, hydrophobicity, hydropathy, charge and mutability. The stored data are interlinked with available UniProt annotation data mapping known mutation effects to channel-lining residues. All structures with channels are displayed in a clear interactive manner, further facilitating data manipulation and interpretation. As such, ChannelsDB provides an invaluable resource for research related to deciphering the biological function of biomacromolecular channels.
Is Interlimb Transfer of Force-Field Adaptation a Cognitive Response to the Sudden Introduction of Load?

Recently, Criscimagna-Hemminger et al. (2003) reported a pattern of generalization of force-field adaptation between arms that differs from the pattern that occurs across different configurations of the same arm. Although the intralimb pattern of generalization points to an intrinsic encoding of dynamics, the interlimb transfer described by these authors indicates that information about force is represented in a frame of reference external to the body. In the present study, subjects adapted to a viscous curl-field in two experimental conditions. In one condition, the field was introduced suddenly and produced clear deviations in hand paths; in the second condition, the field was introduced gradually so that at no point during the adaptation process could subjects observe or did they have to correct for a substantial kinematic error. In the first case, a pattern of interlimb transfer consistent with Criscimagna-Hemminger et al. (2003) was observed, whereas no transfer of learning between limbs occurred in the second condition. The findings suggest that there is limited transfer of fine compensatory-force adjustment between limbs. Transfer, when it does occur, may be primarily the result of a cognitive strategy that arises as a result of the sudden introduction of load and associated kinematic error.