Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE CASE OF INDONESIAN SUBTITLE ON WE BARE BEAR SEASON 1

The existence of audiovisual translation is quite new in translation studies, especially subtitles. Therefore, this paper is aimed to find the problem of audiovisual translation strategies which focuses on Indonesian Subtitles on We Bare Bears Season 1. The first three episodes or videos are selected as the object of this study. The selected episodes are Our Stuff, Viral Video, and Food Truck. The object of this study is treated by a qualitative approach. Baker theory, non-equivalency in word-level is also used since some problems are found, as such translation by a more general word, the source and target languages make the different distinction in meaning, differences in physical or interpersonal perspective, cultural substitution, and use the more general word.
Full-Profile Approximation of the X-Ray Diffractogram for Nanographite Powder Including γ-Band by Taking into Account Radial Dependence of Interatomic Distances

This paper outlines the procedure for determining the sizes, structural parameters and percentage content of various particle types in nanographite powders by full-profile approximation of the X-ray diffractogram of sample with using a set of X-ray diffraction profiles for powders of model nanographites. It was shown that taking into account the model nanographites with the radial dependence of interatomic distances within the layer and the dependence of interlayer distances on average number of atoms in the layer allows to describe the X-ray diffraction profile of nanographite powder in the wide angular range including so-called γ-band in small angles without assumptions on presence of other structures in it.
The Effects of Cosmic and Ultraviolet Rays on Yeast and Seeds

Cosmic and ultraviolet rays are pervasive and often difficult to avoid, for atmospheric pollution has caused an increase in harmful radiation reaching the Earth's surface due to the rapid depletion of the ozone layer. Because the deterioration of the ozone layer is a recent phenomenon, it is important to understand the rays’ effects on the DNA of organisms. It is also an area of interest in the field of astrobiology as humans begin to consider the possibility of long-term exposure of crops to these types of radiation in prolonged space travel. The Bioballoon project, described in this paper, was a payload for a weather balloon built to expose samples of yeast and seeds to cosmic and ultraviolet rays in the middle to upper stratosphere. After plating the yeast and planting the seeds, it was found that although cosmic and UV radiation appeared to induce mutations in yeast genes, they do not produce significant phenotypic differences in plants.
Individual-based seasonal habitat selection in a forest-dwelling population of reintroduced bison Bison bison

Mapping habitat selection by threatened species provides critical information for conservation planning. For reintroduced populations, understanding habitat selection is also necessary to predict dispersal and inform selection of new reintroduction sites. Efforts to restore bison Bison bison to the boreal forest hinge on the persistence of geographically isolated populations that occupy diverse landscapes, and for many populations selected habitats are unknown. We used location data from GPS-collared bison to develop seasonal resource selection function (RSF) models and predictive maps for the reintroduced ‘Nahanni’ population. We accounted for variation in individual behaviour by calculating averaged population-level selection coefficients from individual RSFs, and we compared these results to a pooled RSF from all bison. Individual RSFs revealed variation in habitat selection that was not always captured by the pooled RSF, although there were some consistencies. Bison strongly selected forage-rich graminoid-dominated wetlands (fens) during winter, but less so in summer when there were potential tradeoffs with poor footing and biting flies. In summer, bison selected alternative sources of forage such as herbaceous, shrubby and fluvial habitats (i.e. riverine islands and gravel bars). The observed association with fluvial habitat may be an adaptation to low forage availability on this landscape. Bison also selected roads and anthropogenic clearings associated with resource development, demonstrating potential for human–wildlife conflict. Our predictive maps highlight areas of conservation interest, and should be considered in land use planning and environmental assessments. We demonstrate the value of foraging habitat for forest-dwelling bison, particularly in winter. Identifying forage-rich habitat patches, and connectivity between them, is important when considering sites for new reintroductions or expansion of existing populations. More broadly, our approach may be used to identify areas of high conservation interest, where resources do not allow extensive sample sizes of GPS-collared animals.
Surface‐Wave Tomography of the Northern Canadian Cordillera Using Earthquake Rayleigh Wave Group Velocities

We measure fundamental‐mode Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion from regional earthquakes and employ transdimensional Bayesian tomography to invert for azimuthally anisotropic group velocity maps at 10–60 s periods. Seismic azimuthal anisotropy within the crust and uppermost mantle shows fast‐axis alignment with principal northern Canadian Cordillera (NCC) tectonic structures suggesting large‐scale and coherent deformation across the crust and upper mantle. We extract group velocity dispersion curves at each grid point of the isotropic group velocity maps and invert them independently for VS as a function of depth in a probabilistic framework. At mid‐to‐lower crustal depths, our pseudo 3‐D VS model reveals an anomalously low VS structure (<3.8 km/s) across the NCC, which likely reflects elevated crustal temperatures that buoyantly support regional high elevations. Two high‐velocity regions (≥4.5 km/s) at uppermost mantle depths underpin the edges of the arcuate Mackenzie fold and thrust belt. We observe variations in the dip direction of the high‐velocity craton edge in the upper mantle, from subvertical in the northern NCC to westward in the southern NCC. We interpret a low‐velocity region (≤4.3 km/s) between the Tintina and Denali faults at uppermost mantle depths to reflect upwelling asthenosphere, which likely postdates 430 km of previously estimated Eocene lithosphere‐scale horizontal displacement along the Tintina fault. Our surface‐wave model resolves a high‐velocity region (≥4.4 km/s) dipping north‐northeast below the Wrangell volcanic field, which we interpret as a down‐going segment of the Pacific slab and may contribute to the observed volcanism in the area.
Comportement du chrome dans les minéraux d'altération du gisement de chromite de Campo Formoso (Bahia, Brésil)

Les ultrabasites chromiferes de Campo Formoso (Etat de Bahia, Bresil) montrent plusieurs stades successifs d'alteration hydrothermale puis superficielle qui s'accompagnent de parageneses chromiferes variees. Les mineraux caracteristiques de ces dernieres sont essentiellement des phyllosilicates, mais on note aussi d'autres phases comme la stichtite et l'opale chromifere. Les spectres d'absorption X ont permis de caracteriser la cristallochimie du chrome dans ces mineraux. Les premiers stades d'oxydation des chromites ont ete precises, en particulier l'influence de la structure reelle du spinelle (degre d'inversion) qui controle les conditions d'evolution de la chromite. Le degre d'oxydation +3 du chrome est conserve lors des processus d'alteration et seule l'energie de stabilisation liee au champ cristallin montre des changements importants. L'etude des spectres EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) a montre que, les distances Cr-O ne changeant pas entre les mineraux etudies, seule la nature des ligandes a une influence sur la valeur de l'energie de champ cristallin. Ceci explique la forte concentration en chrome de ces mineraux d'alteration et contribue a la stabilite des phases comme les clinochlores ou les hydroxycarbonates ou les ions Cr3+ ont la plus forte energie de stabilisation.
Pengaruh Motivasi Orang Tua Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika Saat Pandemi Covid 19 di Sekolah Dasar

Keberhasilan anak untuk mencetak generasi penerus yang memiliki kompetensi yang bisa diandalkan dan bisa bersaing dengan dunia luar yang tidak hanya bergantung pada secara formal tetapi harus diawali dengan pendidikan dalam keluarga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh motivasi orang tua terhadap prestasi belajar matematika saat pandemi covid 19 di SDN 291 Gresik. Pendekatan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu pendekatan kuantitatif. Jumlah sampel 77 siswa yaitu siswa kelas 1 sampai 5 di SDN 291 Gresik. Data diperoleh dengan teknik kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu uji hipotesis. Berdasarkan analisis data hasil uji regresi linier sederhana diperoleh nilai r_hitung 0,226 dan r_tabel 0,188, hal ini menyatakan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positif antara motivasi orang tua dengan prestasi belajar. Analisis uji hipotesis (uji F) menghasilkan nilai F_hitung = 4,023 dan nilai signifikan adalah 0,048, dapat diartikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan motivasi orang tua terhadap prestasi belajar matematika saat pandemi covid di SDN 291 Gresik.
Exploring peer feedback on behaviour in the international classroom: a case study on students’ experiences and perceptions

Purpose In spite of the potential of peer feedback, research related to the international classroom and the development of intercultural competences remains limited. This paper aims to further explore this combination and associated gaps by presenting students’ perceptions of peer feedback on individual behaviour in group work. Design/methodology/approach Several studies have shown that peer feedback can be a powerful instrument in higher education. For this reason, this instrument is increasingly being deployed in the international classroom of a Dutch Business School (DBS), which has a student population of about 60 different nationalities. The present paper adopts an embedded case-study design in studying peer feedback within the international classroom. Findings The primary results of this study are twofold. First, they show that before joining DBS, the vast majority of international students have never been exposed to group work peer feedback. And second, they reveal that cultural background (bias) is a critical factor in how students provide and perceive peer feedback. Students from high-context cultures struggle with direct feedback provided by students from low-context cultures. Furthermore, the results show that domestic cultural values “lack consideration” when dealing with the contrasts in cultural values of non-domestic (international) students. Originality/value This study indicates that several aspects of the students’ cultural background have a direct impact on how they provide and perceive individual peer feedback on their behaviour in group work. Furthermore, it argues that peer feedback, when used as an instrument, requires specific training and guidance of students with regard to cultural differences, values and perceptions.
Selective Code Duplication for Soft Error Protection on VLIW Architectures

Very Long Instruction Word, or VLIW, architectures have received much attention in specific-purpose applications such as scientific computation, digital signal processing, and even safety-critical systems. Several compilation techniques for VLIW architectures have been proposed in order to improve the performance, but there is a lack of research to improve reliability against soft errors. Instruction duplication techniques have been proposed by exploiting unused instruction slots (i.e., NOPs) in VLIW architectures. All the instructions cannot be replicated without additional code lines. Additional code lines are required to increase the number of duplicated instructions in VLIW architectures. Our experimental results show that 52% performance overhead as compared to unprotected source code when we duplicate all the instructions. This considerable performance overhead can be inapplicable for resource-constrained embedded systems so that we can limit the number of additional NOP instructions for selective protection. However, the previous static scheme duplicates instructions just in sequential order. In this work, we propose packing-oriented duplication to maximize the number of duplicated instructions within the same peroformance overhead bounds. Our packing-oriented approach can duplicate up to 18% more instructions within the same performance overheads compared to the previous static duplication techniques.
In Vitro additive effect on griseofulvin and terbinafine combinations against multidrug-resistant dermatophytes

Griseofulvin (GF) and terbinafine (TF) are commonly used drugs to treat dermatophytosis, a fungal infection of the skin. Today there is an increase in drug resistance to these antifungals which highlight the need for alternative synergistic therapies. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of GF and TF were determined against fungi clinical isolates from local hospitals with values ranging 0.03−2.0 μg mL-1 and 0.24−4.0 μg mL-1, respectively. A checkboard test was used to determine the combination of GF:TF which could induce an additive effect against the fungi isolates Multidrug-resistant isolates showed susceptibility after treatment with 16:2 μg mL-1 GF:TF. An MTT assay further verified that GF and TF combinations have greater additive effect against pathological and multidrug-resistant isolates than antifungals alone. Herein we disclose GF:TF combinations that could constitute as a possible new anti-dermatophyte therapy.
Zero truncated Poisson model: an alternative approach for analyzing count data with excess zeros

The inference procedure under generalized linear model breaks down when there exists too many zeros in count data that the parent distribution cannot accommodate. We argue that the process of separating ‘bad' zeros through so-called zero inflated count model will lead to a less optimal estimators of the regression parameters than that obtained by fitting zero truncated distribution after discarding ‘all’ zeros. In this paper extensive simulation studies have been carried out to compare performance of fitting zero-truncated Poisson (ZTP), Poisson hurdle (PH) and zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) models when the data generating process is either ZIP or PH. This study reveals the fact that for analyzing Poisson count data subject to excess zeros, instead of fitting a zero-inflated model, the traditional ZTP would be the best choice. As an illustration, results have been compared by analyzing antenatal care seeking behavior data extracted from a demographic health survey of Bangladesh.
Amperometric Biosensors for L-Arginine Determination Based on L-Arginine Oxidase and Peroxidase-like Nanozymes

There are limited data on amperometric biosensors (ABSs) for L-arginine (Arg) determination based on oxidases that produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a byproduct of enzymatic reaction, and artificial peroxidases (POs) for decomposition of H2O2. The most frequently proposed Arg-sensitive oxidase-based ABSs contain at least two enzymes in the bioselective layer; this complicates the procedure and increases the cost of analysis. Therefore, the construction of a one-enzyme ABS for Arg analysis is a practical problem. In the current work, fabrication, and characterization of three ABS types for the direct measurement of Arg were proposed. L-arginine oxidase (ArgO) isolated from the mushroom Amanita phalloides was co-immobilized with PO-like nanozymes (NZs) on the surface of graphite electrodes. As PO mimetics, chemically synthesized NZs of CeCu (nCeCU) and NiPtPd (nNiPtPd), as well as green-synthesized hexacyanoferrate of copper (gCuHCF), were used. The novel ABSs exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity to Arg, broad linear ranges and good storage stabilities. Two ABSs were tested on real samples of products containing Arg, including the pharmaceutical preparation “Tivortine”, juices, and wine. A high correlation (R = 0.995) was demonstrated between the results of testing “Tivortine” and juice using nCeCU/GE and nNiPtPd/GE. It is worth mentioning that only a slight difference (less than 1%) was observed for “Tivortin” between the experimentally determined content of Arg and its value declared by the producer. The proposed ArgO-NZ-based ABSs may be promising for Arg analysis in different branches of science, medicine, and industry.
Comparison of Different Interpolation Methods for Prediction of Soil Salinity in Arid Irrigation Region in Northern China

Numerous methods have been used in the spatial prediction of soil salinity. However, the most suitable method is still unknown in arid irrigation regions. In this paper, 78 locations were sampled in salt-affected land caused by irrigation in an arid area in northern China. The geostatistical characteristics of the soil pH, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Total Salt Content (TSC), and Soil Organic Matter (SOM) of the surface (0–20 cm) and subsurface (20–40 cm) layers were analyzed. The abilities of the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Ordinary Kriging (OK), and CoKriging (CK) interpolation methods were compared, and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was used to justify the results of the methods. The results showed that the spatial distributions of the soil properties obtained using the different interpolation methods were similar. However, the surface layer exhibits more spatial heterogeneity than the subsurface layer. Based on the RSME, the nugget/sill value and range significantly affected which method was the most suitable. Lower nugget/sill values and lower ranges can be fitted using the IDW method, but higher nugget/sill values and higher ranges can be fitted using the OK method. These results provide a valuable reference for the prediction of soil salinity.
Analysis of Wave-Induced Stokes Transport Effects on Sea Surface Temperature Simulations in the Western Pacific Ocean

This study investigated the performance of two ocean wave models, that is, Simulation Wave Nearshore (SWAN) and WAVEWATCH-III (WW3), and the interannual and seasonal variability of transport induced by Stokes drift during the period from 1989 to 2019. Three types of sea surface wind products were used for wave simulation: the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim, the Cross Calibrated Multi-Platform Version 2.0 (CCMP V2.0) from Remote Sensing Systems (RSS), and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS). The modeling was validated against wave measurements from the Jason-2 altimeter in 2015. The analysis found that the root mean square error (RMSE) of significant wave height (SWH) from the WW3 model using CCMP wind data was 0.17 m, which is less than the ~0.6-m RMSE of SWH from the SWAN model using the other types of wind data. The simulations from the WW3 model using CCMP wind data indicated that the Stokes transport is up to 2 m2/s higher in the South China Sea and Japan Sea than that at other ocean regions in January. The interannual variation showed that the Stokes transport generally increased from 0.25 m2/s in 1989 to 0.35 m2/s in 2018. We also found that the accuracy of the sea surface temperature (SST) simulation using the Stony Brook Parallel Ocean Model (sbPOM) is improved by as much as 0.5 °C when Stokes transport is considered to validate the sbPOM-simulated SST against the measurements from Argo in 2012-2015. In particular, the Stokes transport has a negative effect on Summer (March to June) and has a positive effect in Autumn (July to September), which is probably caused by the tropical cyclones.
Numerical study on the interface properties of a ZnO/c-Si heterojunction solar cell

In this paper, we report a detailed simulation study and analysis of interface effects on the performance of a ZnO/crystalline Si heterojunction solar cell by considering the ZnO carrier concentration and conduction band offset-dependent interface recombination. Partial deviation in results, observed by a group of researchers when they experimentally tested a theoretical solution proposed by another group for the reduction of interface recombination has been addressed in this report. The effect of ZnO layer thickness on the performance of the solar cell is also studied in this report. Results show that interface recombination can be reduced and hence efficiency can be enhanced by controlling the carrier concentration and thickness of the ZnO layer along with the band offsets between ZnO and Si. Thus, appropriate engineering for the reduction of conduction band offset and a suitable choice of ZnO layer thickness are important in obtaining the enhanced efficiency.
Private firms, corporate investment and the WACC: evidence from France

ABSTRACT How is corporate investment affected by the weighted average cost of capital (WACC)? Since existing studies focus on listed firms, little is known of the case of private firms, in spite of their relevance in both developed and developing economies. In this paper, we attempt to fill this gap. We develop an empirical study on the impact of the WACC on private firms' investment rates. We exploit accounting information on a panel of around 1700 French private corporate groups in the non-farm, non-financial sectors, covering the period 2005–2015. We overcome the challenge posed by the lack of observable information about the cost of equity for private firms by developing a methodology that relies on estimates for comparable public firms. We find that a one-standard deviation increase in the WACC (2 percentage points) leads to a 0.7 percentage point decrease in the investment rate the following year. Increases in both components of the WACC, namely the cost of debt and the cost of equity, are associated with lower investment rates. A back-of-the-envelope calculation suggests that the heightened WACC following the euro area crises reduced the aggregate corporate investment rate of French private firms by a cumulative 1.6 percentage points over 2009–2015.
Timescales of magmatism and metamorphism in the Connemara Caledonides: insights from the thermal aureole of the Dawros–Currywongaun–Doughruagh Complex, western Ireland

Abstract Zircon separates from the contact aureole of the syn-tectonic Dawros–Currywongaun–Doughruagh Complex, western Ireland, are studied to constrain the nature and timing of magmatism associated with the early stages of the Grampian Orogeny. The samples analysed come from the uppermost part of the Dalradian Supergroup in northern Connemara (the Ben Levy Grit Formation), where a laterally extensive (>10 km) package of metamorphosed siliciclastic sedimentary rocks containing heavy mineral seams crops out. The seams mainly comprise magnetite, but zircon is also present in greater than accessory quantities. The seams have been locally reworked at granulite-facies metamorphic conditions during intrusion of the Dawros–Currywongaun–Doughruagh Complex magmas. Here we combine in situ mineral chemical and U–Pb geochronological analyses of zircons from samples of these heavy mineral seams collected at different locations in the Dawros–Currywongaun–Doughruagh Complex thermal aureole. An important finding is that the zircons studied have magmatic trace-element compositions, interpreted here as a function of their growth during contact metamorphic-induced partial melting. The zircons yield a range of U–Pb spot ages whose uncertainties suggest a maximum duration of zircon growth of ˜11 Ma, between 477.1 and 466.1 Ma, though it is likely that zircon growth occurred much more quickly than this. The age constraints revealed here match well with the range of 475 to 463 Ma previously proposed for the Grampian Orogeny overall in Connemara and lend useful support to models that argue for high-intensity, relatively short-lived Grampian orogenesis in the Connemara Caledonides.