Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Drought Vulnerability using the Standardized Precipitation Index (Case study: Semnan Province, Iran)

This study was conducted to identify drought event and its emerging regions in Markazi desert, Iran with focus onSemnan province in a 30 years statistical period. In this research, 61 stations having adequate data selected and usedafter extracting annual statistic from monthly and daily data. Standardized precipitation index values for each stationwere calculated and classified. The Results have shown that there was drought condition in 17 studied stations. Alsoamong 44 stations with no drought condition, there was one humid year in 20 cases. Khareh sarlazor station has thefirst position of drought and humid condition among other stations, with 10 drought years and 5 humid years. Thenumber of common years with normal condition is 3 years and the most extensive drought in 1999 has occurred in 10dry stations and 1 very dry station. The existence of common trend of variation using study of correlation amongstations has resulted in determination of 7 groups which these results can be useful according to temporal distance ofone or two years in appearing drought in the same group of stations.
ON INDIVIDUAL, SEX AND AGE DIFFERENTIATION OF INDIAN HOUSE CROW (CORVUS SPLENDENS) CALL: A PRELIMINARY STUDY IN POTOHAR, PAKISTAN

Considering importance of acoustics studies in population biology, 500 calls of the Indian House Crow (Corvus splendens) were recorded in morning - mid-afternoon hours (January-February, 2009) from 23 sites of urban areas of Potahar (Punjab, Pakistan). Calls were recorded using Sony CFS 1030 S sound records (sampling rate = 48 KHz) and edited using Sound Analysis Pro (Version 1.02). software using FFT method rate 50%, data window 9.27 ms, advanced window 1.36 ms. Through editing of calls, we selected 60 (37 �E�E , 17 �C�C , 6 Juvenile �E�E ) good quality spectrograms for detailed analysis. Spectrograms were characterized by rapid frequency modulations using 6 (call pitch, mean pitch goodness, mean frequency of the calls, frequency of modulations, mean amplitude modulation, mean wiener entropy) acoustic parameters. Significance of difference was analysed using Multivariate and Discriminate Function Analysis. Calls could be assigned to correct individual in 10.8% males, 21.0% females, and 42.9% juveniles, which was significantly higher than percentage of correct classification per chance. Calls could be attributes to correct sex in 88.5% and to correct age group in 80.6% of cases.
Seven principles for managing resource wealth

This paper studies how capital-scarce countries should manage volatile resource income. Existing literature recommends that capital-scarce countries invest domestically, but that volatile resource income should be saved in a foreign sovereign wealth fund. I reconcile these by combining a stochastic model of precautionary savings with a deterministic model of a capital-scarce resource exporter. I show that capital-scarce countries should still establish a Volatility Fund, but it should be relatively smaller than in capital-abundant countries. The fund should be built before anticipated windfalls, partially invested domestically, and used as a source of income rather than a buffer against temporary shocks. To do so I develop a parsimonious framework that nests a variety of existing results as special cases, which are presented in seven principles. The first three apply to capital-abundant countries:i) Smooth consumption using a Future Generations Fund; ii) Build a Volatility Fund quickly, then leave it alone; and iii) Invest to stabilise the real exchange rate.The remaining four apply to capital-scarce countries: iv) Finance consumption and investment with oil; v) Use a temporary Parking Fund to improve absorption, vi)Invest part of the Volatility Fund domestically; and vii) Support private investment.
Sovereign defaults and optimal reserves management

A long-standing puzzle of international capital flows is why countries hold large amount of external debt and foreign reserves at the same time. To address this puzzle, we propose a sovereign default model where the government decides jointly over the accumulation of long-duration bonds and foreign reserves. When calibrated to the data, the model can successfully explain the simultaneous holdings of debt and foreign reserves. We also show that the relationship between reserves and default risk may be non-monotonic.
Using molecular biology techniques to improve our ability to manage pasture

Over the past century, substantial research has been devoted to understanding how different environmental conditions and management practices affect plants. These studies have greatly increased our understanding of factors affecting plant growth and physiology. Modern molecular technologies enable even greater insight into the complex biochemical processes underpinning those responses. In a recent study during winter in Hamilton, New Zealand, gene expression profiling was used to understand the way in which perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) responded to different defoliation management practices. Plots in perennial ryegrass-dominant pastures were defoliated to 2, 4 or 6 cm residual height and regrown until the 3-leaf stage before determination of pasture yield. Water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) energy reserves and the expression of photosynthesis genes were monitored throughout the regrowth cycle. Pasture regrowth was reduced by lax defoliation (P <0.001; 2270, 2250 and 1910 kg DM/ha for residual heights of 2, 4 and 6 cm, respectively). Gene expression profiles indicate that plants defoliated to 2 cm increased photosynthesis in stubble tissue at the 1-leaf stage of regrowth, thereby compensating, at least in part, for the reduced leaf area and WSC reserves. This compensatory mechanism is one possible reason why regrowth of pastures defoliated to 2 cm was not compromised. These data confirm the results of previous studies and, for the first time, provide a physiological basis to explain how ryegrass adapts to different grazing management regimes. Use of such confirmatory techniques should give farmers greater confidence in the extended research results and, depending on the technique used, can provide a mechanism for gene discovery.
Route planning for two wafer fabs with capacity-sharing mechanisms

This paper formulates and solves a route planning problem for semiconductor manufacturing. In order to quickly respond to rising demand, a semiconductor company usually adopts a dual-fab strategy to expand capacity. That is, two fab sites are built as neighbours and can easily share capacity. Through the capacity-sharing design, a product may be produced by a cross-fab route. That is, some operations of a product are carried out in one fab and the other operations in the other fab. This leads to a routing planning problem, which involves two decisions–determining the cut-off point of the cross-fab route and the route ratio for each product–in order to maximise the throughput subject to a cycle time constraint. An LP-GA method is proposed to solve the route planning problem. We first use the LP module to make the cut-off point decisions, and proceed to use the GA module for making the decision on the route ratio. Experimental results show that the LP-GA method significantly outperforms other methods.
Study of the microbial community structure in the rhizosphere of understory dwarf bamboo (Sasa kurilensis) in a Betula ermanii forest, northern Japan [an abstract of dissertation and a summary of dissertation review]. 審査の要旨

Title Study of the microbial community structure in the rhizosphere of understory dwarf bamboo (Sasa kurilensis) in a Betula ermanii forest, northern Japan [an abstract of dissertation and a summary of dissertation review] Author(s) 孔, 嬖禾 Issue Date 2017-09-25 Doc URL http://hdl.handle. net/2115/67687 Rights(URL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.1/jp/ Type theses (doctoral abstract and summary of review) Additional Information There are other files related to this item in HUSCAP. Check the above URL. File Information Bihe_Kong_review. pdf (審査の要旨)
The Effects of Religiosity and Sibling Relationships On the Timing of Sexual Debut

ABTRACT. This study examined the effects of religiosity and sibling relationships on the timing of sexual debut. The sample was comprised of 352 students randomly selected from a university in the Southeastern United States. Sibling relationships had a small but significant effect on the timing of sexual debut. There was a higher chance of an individual not having had, or delaying, their sexual debut when their sibling relationships were characterized by low sibling warmth/closeness, high sibling relative status/power, high sibling conflict, and low sibling rivalry. Religiosity had a significant effect, with higher levels of religiosity resulting in later age of sexual debut. Furthermore, level of religiosity was more significant in emerging adulthood than in adolescence. Both sibling relationships and religiosity independently had an effect on the timing of sexual debut. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
J. Effect of increasing docosahexaenoic acid content in weaning diets on survival, growth and skeletal anomalies of longfin yellowtail (Seriola rivoliana,

18 Five isoproteic (54.8%) and isolipidic (24.1%) microdiets, which varied 19 in their docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content (0.25, 0.75, 1.64, 1.99 and 20 3.17%; dw), were manufactured to determine its effects on longfin 21 yellowtail Seriola rivoliana larvae in terms of fish biological 22 performance, whole body fatty acid profile and incidence of skeletal 23 anomalies from 30 dah (11.31 ± 1.79 Total Length, TL) to 50 dah 24 (19.80±0.58 mm TL). The inclusion of dietary DHA up to 3.17% (dw) 25 improved larval resistance to air exposure, although DHA did not 26 significantly affect fish final growth or final survival. Indeed, high levels 27 of dietary DHA (1.99% and 3.17%, dw) tended to increase the incidence 28 of skeletal anomalies in S. rivoliana larvae, albeit no significant 29 differences were observed. Furthermore, the occurrence of severe 30 anomalies such as kyphosis and lordosis, was mainly associated to the 31 larvae fed with the highest levels of dietary DHA. In terms of survival, 32 increasing dietary DHA levels did not significantly affect longfin 33 yellowtail survival rate, despite a tendency for enhanced survival. The 34 results of the present study proved that the inclusion of dietary DHA in 35 inert diets up to a 3.17% (dw) and a DHA/EPA ratio above 3.1 increased 36 the final survival and stress resistance in S. rivoliana larvae. 37
Precursory seismic quiescence before the Mw = 8.3 Tokachi-oki, Japan, earthquake on 26 September 2003 revealed by a re-examined earthquake catalog

[1] The 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake (Mw = 8.3) occurred on 26 September 2003 off the pacific coast of Hokkaido, Japan. In the present study, an earthquake catalog is used that lists 2,000 earthquakes with M ≥ 3.3. All of the earthquake waveforms were recorded by the Institute of Seismology and Volcanology, Hokkaido University. In the present study, these waveforms are manually re-examined, and hypocenters and magnitudes are re-calculated. A detailed analysis of the re-determined earthquake catalog between 1994 and 2003 using a gridding technique (ZMAP) shows that the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake is preceded by two neighboring seismic quiescence anomalies that start around the beginning of 1999, and last about 5 years, until the main shock occurs. These quiescence anomalies are located around the asperity ruptured by the main shock, and the Z-values are +3.9 and +4.0 for a time window of Tw = 4 years, using a sample size of N = 100 earthquakes. The detected seismic quiescences can be interpreted as being caused by a decrease of 50% in the stressing rate based on Dieterich's theory. It is proposed that a quasi-static pre-slip occurs at the northeastern edge of the asperity ruptured by the main shock, and lasts for five years until the main shock occurs. By calculating the change in the Coulomb failure stress (ΔCFS), it is found that negative ΔCFS areas are consistent with the two quiescence anomalies, and a positive ΔCFS area corresponds to the hypocenter of the main shock, indicating that the quasi-static pre-slip model is a plausible one.
Space Conceptualization and Motion Verbs in Polish and French as Foreign Languages

The following text compares the acquisition of French and Polish as second languages. The empirical research (target group includes Polish and French native speakers, Polish students of French and French students of Polish) is designed to answer certain questions concerning, among others, the extent of language categorisation, the characteristics of the mother tongue and real communication of adult learners of typologically different foreign languages. The research results show that 1) the major difficulty in constructing a new system of meaning stems from the necessity of building a new type of relation, 2) constructing new dictionary resources is a function of learners’ knowledge of given language tools, and 3) comparison of the learners’ transition from Polish to French and vice versa implies the existence of certain stages of acquisition particular to a deconstruction of its own and construction of a new system of language devices.
Picture fuzzy sets

In this paper, we introduce the concept of picture fuzzy sets (PFS), which are direct extensions of the fuzzy sets and the intuitonistic fuzzy sets. Then some operations on PFS with some properties are considered. The following sections are devoted to the Zadeh Extension Principle, picture fuzzy relations and picture fuzzy soft sets. Here, the basic preliminaries of PFS theory are presented.
Daily gridded datasets of snow depth and snow water equivalent for the Iberian Peninsula from 1980 to 2014

Abstract. We present snow observations and a validated daily gridded snowpack dataset that was simulated from downscaled reanalysis of data for the Iberian Peninsula. The Iberian Peninsula has long-lasting seasonal snowpacks in its different mountain ranges, and winter snowfall occurs in most of its area. However, there are only limited direct observations of snow depth (SD) and snow water equivalent (SWE), making it difficult to analyze snow dynamics and the spatiotemporal patterns of snowfall. We used meteorological data from downscaled reanalyses as input of a physically based snow energy balance model to simulate SWE and SD over the Iberian Peninsula from 1980 to 2014. More specifically, the ERA-Interim reanalysis was downscaled to 10 km × 10 km resolution using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The WRF outputs were used directly, or as input to other submodels, to obtain data needed to drive the Factorial Snow Model (FSM). We used lapse rate coefficients and hygrobarometric adjustments to simulate snow series at 100 m elevations bands for each 10 km × 10 km grid cell in the Iberian Peninsula. The snow series were validated using data from MODIS satellite sensor and ground observations. The overall simulated snow series accurately reproduced the interannual variability of snowpack and the spatial variability of snow accumulation and melting, even in very complex topographic terrains. Thus, the presented dataset may be useful for many applications, including land management, hydrometeorological studies, phenology of flora and fauna, winter tourism, and risk management. The data presented here are freely available for download from Zenodo ( https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.854618 ). This paper fully describes the work flow, data validation, uncertainty assessment, and possible applications and limitations of the database.
The effect of corruption, trade openness and political stability on foreign direct investment: Empirical evidence from BRIC countries

Article history: Received 19 September 2017 Received in revised form 28 December 2017 Accepted 31 December 2017 The decision of why a corporation would start or takeover a company in a foreign country rather than entering the foreign market through international trade has been a growing research topic for the last thirty years. This research aims to investigate the impact of corruption, trade openness, and political stability on foreign direct investments (FDI) in Brazil, Russia, India and China collectively. The study carried on the BRIC countries covered the period of 2002-2016, with total observations of 60 countriesyears. The dependent variable for this research is Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) and the independent variables are Corruption, Trade Openness and Political Stability. The research has used Panel Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FM-OLS) cointegrating regression model to analyse the relationships. The findings show that the independent variable (Corruption) places no significant effect on the Dependent Variable (FDIs) in the BRIC countries. While the other two Independent Variables (Trade Openness and Political Stability) place a significant effect on the Foreign Direct Investments in BRIC countries. Moreover, it was found out that the direction of the relationship for both independent variables was positive. In addition, specific Panel Unit Root tests and Cointegration test were applied to meet confirm the reliability of the FM-OLS for panel data collected. Thus, this research will help the policy makers and research community with the knowledge of new dimensions regarding the topic.
Ice and firn heterogeneity within Larsen C Ice Shelf from borehole optical televiewing

We use borehole optical televiewing (OPTV) to explore the internal structure of Larsen C Ice Shelf (LCIS). We report a suite of five ~90 m long OPTV logs, recording a light‐emitting diode‐illuminated, geometrically correct image of the borehole wall, from the northern and central sectors of LCIS collected during austral spring 2014 and 2015. We use a thresholding‐based technique to estimate the refrozen ice content of the ice column and exploit a recently calibrated density‐luminosity relationship to reveal its structure. All sites are dense and strongly influenced by surface melt, with frequent refrozen ice layers and mean densities, between the depths of 1.87 and 90 m, ranging from 862 to 894 kg m−3. We define four distinct units that comprise LCIS and relate these to ice provenance, dynamic history, and past melt events. These units are in situ meteoric ice with infiltration ice (U1), meteoric ice which has undergone enhanced densification (U2), thick refrozen ice (U3), and advected continental ice (U4). We show that the OPTV‐derived pattern of firn air content is consistent with previous estimates, but that a significant proportion of firn air is contained within U4, which we interpret to have been deposited inland of the grounding line. The structure of LCIS is strongly influenced by the E‐W gradient in föhn‐driven melting, with sites close to the Antarctic Peninsula being predominantly composed of refrozen ice. Melting is also substantial toward the ice shelf center with >40% of the overall imaged ice column being composed of refrozen ice.
ABSOLUTE INSTABILITY OF A DOUBLE RING JET - NUMERICAL STUDY

The paper is aimed at analyzing the influence of external flow on absolutely unstable modes of a ring jet with recirculation zone. The double ring jet is also considered. The investigation is carried out by means of the linearized, inviscid spatio-temporal stability theory. Calculations are based on the shooting method for asymmetric azimuthal mode. During the numerical experiment, absolutely unstable modes were identified. No major influence of the external stream on the stability of the flow was also proved.
Product innovation: an empirical study into the impact of simultaneous engineering on new product quality

espanolLa importancia del desarrollo de nuevos productos para seguir siendo competitivos, asi como de su calidad como fuente de ventaja competitiva es incuestionable. Lo que esta en duda, sin embargo, es la practica tradicional de la organizacion y ejecucion del proceso de desarrollo, porque la experiencia demuestra que unos niveles satisfactorios de calidad no siempre se alcanzan en los nuevos productos. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el impacto de una practica, la ingenieria simultanea, (a traves de sus principios fundamentales), en el aumento de la calidad de los nuevos productos. Los resultados parecen indicar que la ingenieria simultanea puede influir en el aumento de la calidad de los nuevos productos. La implicacion temprana es el principio basico de la ingenieria simultanea, que no tiene ningun efecto sobre la calidad del nuevo producto, y el uso de equipos multifuncionales tiene el mayor efecto sobre esta variable que representa el exito de un nuevo producto. EnglishThe importance of new product development in remaining competitive, as well as of their quality as a source of competitive advantage is unquestioned. What is in doubt, however, is the traditional practice of organizing and implementing the development process because experience shows that satisfactory levels of quality are not always reached in new products. The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of a practical alternative, simultaneous engineering (through its fundamental principles), on the increase in quality of new products. The results appear to indicate that simultaneous engineering can account for the rise in new product quality. Early involvement is the basic principle of simultaneous engineering which has no effect on new product quality, and the use of multifunctional teams has the greatest effect on this variable representing the success of a new product. portuguesA importância do desenvolvimento de novos produtos para continuar a ser competitivos, assim como da sua qualidade como fonte de vantagem competitiva e inquestionavel. O que esta em duvida, no entanto, e a pratica tradicional da organizacao e execucao do processo de desenvolvimento, porque a experiencia demonstra que uns niveis de qualidade satisfatorios nem sempre se alcancam nos novos produtos. O objectivo deste trabalho e analisar o impacto de uma pratica, a engenharia simultânea, (atraves dos seus principios fundamentais), no aumento da qualidade dos novos produtos. Os resultados parecem indicar que a engenharia simultânea pode influenciar o aumento da qualidade dos novos produtos. O envolvimento precoce e o principio basico da engenharia simultânea, que nao tem nenhum efeito sobre a qualidade do novo produto, e, o uso de equipas multifuncionais tem o maior efeito sobre esta variavel que representa o sucesso de um novo produto.
An Econometric Analysis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Case of Turkey

Cevresel kalite ve ekonomik buyume arasindaki iliskinin kavranmasi iktisatcilarin artan bicimde ilgisini cekmektedir. Soz konusu iliski uzerine literatur Cevresel Kuznets Egrisi (CKE) hipotezinin test edilmesine odaklanmaktadir. Bu calismanin amaci, gelir ve CO 2 emisyonu arasindaki iliskiyi zaman serisi analizi kullanarak Turkiye icin test etmektir. CKE’nin gecerliligi 1960-2011 donemine ait veriler kullanilarak Johansen Esbutunlesme testi ile arastirilmaktadir. Zaman serisi analizimizin sonuclari gelir ve CO 2 emisyonu arasinda esbutunlesik bir iliskinin oldugunu ortaya koymaktadir. Sonuclar ayrica bu degiskenler arasinda N-biciminde bir iliski oldugunu gostermektedir ki, bu da soz konusu veri setinin CKE hipotezini desteklemedigine isaret etmektedir.