Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing sets of patterns with the Jaccard index

The ability to extract knowledge from data has been the driving force of Data Mining since its inception, and of statistical modeling long before even that. Actionable knowledge often takes the form of patterns, where a set of antecedents can be used to infer a consequent. In this paper we offer a solution to the problem of comparing different sets of patterns. Our solution allows comparisons between sets of patterns that were derived from different techniques (such as different classification algorithms), or made from different samples of data (such as temporal data or data perturbed for privacy reasons). We propose using the Jaccard index to measure the similarity between sets of patterns by converting each pattern into a single element within the set. Our measure focuses on providing conceptual simplicity, computational simplicity, interpretability, and wide applicability. The results of this measure are compared to prediction accuracy in the context of a real-world data mining scenario.
Copolymers of N-cyclohexylacrylamide and n-butyl acrylate: synthesis, characterization, monomer reactivity ratios and mean sequence length

Copolymerization of N-cyclohexylacrylamide (NCHA) and n-butyl acrylate (BA) was carried out in dimethyl- formamide at 55±1°C using azobisisobutyronitrile as a free radical initiator. The copolymers were characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and the copolymer compositions were determined by 1H-NMR analysis. The reactivity ratios of the monomers were determined by both linear and non-linear methods. The reactivity ratios of monomers determined using lin- ear methods like Fineman-Ross (r1 = 0.37 and r2 = 1.77 ), Kelen-Tudos (r1 = 0.38 and r2 = 1.77), ext. Kelen-Tudos (r1 = 0.37 and r2 = 1.75) Yezrieler-Brokhina-Roskin (r1 = 0.37 and r2 = 1.77) and non-linear methods like Tidwell-Mor- timer (r1 = 0.37 and r2 = 1.76), ProCop (r1 = 0.36 and r2 = 1.82). The Q and e values for NCHA are 0.67 and 0.68 respec- tively. Mean sequence lengths of copolymers are estimated from r1 and r2 values. It shows that the BA units increases in a linear fashion in the polymer chain as the concentration of BA increases in the monomer feed.
Aalborg Universitet Using Opaque Image Blur for Real-Time Depth-of-Field Rendering

While depth of field is an important cinematographic means, its use in real-time computer graphics is still limited by the computational costs that are necessary to achieve a sufficient image quality. Specifically, color bleeding artifacts between objects at different depths are most effectively avoided by a decomposition into subimages and the independent blurring of each sub-image. This decomposition, however, can result in rendering artifacts at silhouettes of objects. While various algorithms have been suggested to eliminate these artifacts, we propose a new blur filter that increases the opacity of all pixels to avoid artifacts at the cost of physically less accurate but still plausible rendering results. The proposed filter is named “opaque image blur” and is based on a glow filter that is applied to the alpha channel. We present a highly efficient GPU-based pyramid algorithm that implements this filter for depth-of-field rendering.
Some Results on Foreign Equity Portfolio Risk Backtesting via Lévy Ordinary Copula Model

The soundness of risk monitoring and measuring systems is a key point for the reliability of financial institutions. One of the features of a reliable risk model is that it passes a backtesting procedure – a comparison of the one step ahead risk estimation and a true loss occurred on a given day – without any troubles. Within this paper, basic tests to backtesting procedure due to Kupiec, Christoffersen and Haas are applied on a portfolio sensitive to equity and FX rate risk. In particular details, we focus on NIG model and its variants due to various time spans used for parameter estimation. We document a significant improvement of such tail risk models on several portfolio positions.
Comparison of Three Methods for Extracting Genomic DNA From Alcohol-Preserved Samples of Freshwater Sponges

With greater emphasis being placed on molecular approaches to systematics, it is becoming increasingly important to be able to extract DNA from alcohol-preserved specimens, such as those maintained in museum collections. As a preliminary step to DNA sequence analyses o f alcohol-preserved freshwater sponge specimens, this study compared the purity and yield of genomic DNA isolated from alcohol-preserved specimens by three different DNA extraction methods. One method (standard method) made use of a proteinase K digestion in the presence of detergent and EDTA, followed by extraction with phenol-chloroform. A second method (CTAB method) involved proteinase K digestion in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), followed by extraction in chloroform. A third method employed a cell lysis solution containing guanidium thiocyanate, followed by extraction in phenol-chloroform. Analysis of isolates indicated (1) no difference in purity or yield between DNA extracted from alcohol-preserved and frozen samples and (2) no difference in purity among methods, although yield was highest using the CTAB method. Preliminary evidence also suggested that all DNA preparations contained appreciable amounts o f RNA.
Dynamic splines for interactive simulation of elastic beams in augmented reality

Discussion & Conclusion: The implementation of dynamic spline theory reveals to be a valid formulation for simulation of the flexibility of one-dimension elements like beams. Due to the flexibility of the mathematical formulation, a small set of degrees of freedom is sufficient to simulate a very variable shape of the beam in order to take into account large displacement effects with accuracy. This feature is important for the integration in the augmented reality environment where the simulation has to be computed in real time.
Australasian ( ACIS ) 2007 A Social Informatics Account of the Assimilation of an Enterprise-Wide Health Information System

This paper presents findings from a case study of the assimilation process of an enterprise-wide information system in radiology practices in Australia. Interviews with radiologists, radiographers and administrative staff are used to explore the impact of institutional structures on the assimilation process. The paper develops an argument that culture within and outside the practice, institutional structures within the practice and organizational-level management mandates impacted on the assimilation process. The study explores a theoretical framework that integrates elements of social actor theory (Lamb & Kling, 2003) providing a more fine-grained analysis concentrating on the relationships among the radiology practitioners, the technology (an enterprise-wide HIS), and a larger social milieu surrounding its use. Findings are reported that demonstrate both the enablers and inhibitors to the assimilation process based on in-depth interviews with radiology practitioners.
Infrared Sensors for Autonomous Vehicles

The spurt in interest and development of Autonomous vehicles is a continuing boost to the growth of electronic devices in the automotive industry. The sensing, processing, activation, feedback and control functions done by the human brain have to be replaced with electronics. The task is proving to be exhilarating and daunting at the same time. The environment sensors – RADAR (RAdio Detection And Ranging), Camera and LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) are enjoying a lot attention with the need for increasingly greater range and resolution being demanded by the “eyes” and faster computation by the “brain”. Even though all three and more sensors (Ultrasonic / Stereo Camera / GPS / etc.) will be used together; this chapter will focus on challenges facing Camera and LIDAR. Anywhere from 2 – 8 cameras and 1 – 2 LIDAR are expected to be part of the sensor suite needed by Autonomous vehicles – which have to function equally well in day and night. Near infrared (800 – 1000nm) devices are currently emitters of choice in these sensors. Higher range, resolution and Field of view pose many challenges to overcome with new electronic device innovations before we realize the safety and other benefits of autonomous vehicles.
Survey : Recent Modifications in Vigenere Cipher Ranju

In order to secure the information there are different polyalphabetic substitution ciphers are available. Out of these Vigenere cipher is considered to be most efficient and simplest one. Due to its repeating nature of the key it is also vulnerable to attacks. To overcome this, there are many researches going on to modify the conventional Vigenere Cipher. In this paper we have presented a review of recent modifications in Vigenere cipher and its cryptanalysis.
Title Second-harmonic Generation in Metal Nanoparticles Modelingby Surface Integral Equation

Metals are centrosymmetric materials which only posse local surface second-harmonic (SH) nonlinearities due to the symmetry broken at the surface. In this work the surface integral equation (SIE) is used for evaluating SH radiation generated from metal nanoparticles with arbitrary shapes. The whole SIE system is solved by employing the Galerkin testing procedure and Rao-Wilton-Gillson (RWG) basis functions. The mutual coupling between fundamental and second harmonic field is captured. The method is validated by comparisons with the analytic SH-Mie solution. This method paves the way for accurate and efficient design of general SH nonlinear nanoplasmonic structures.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title STOPPING RULE FOR THE MLE ALGORITHM BASED ON STATISTICAL HYPOTHESIS

It is known that when the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) algorithm passes a certain point, it produces. images that begin to deteriorate. We propose a quantitative criterion with a simple probabilistic interpretation that allows the user to stop the algorithm just before this effect begins. The MLE algorithm searches for the image that has the maximum pro" ability to generate the projection data. The underlying assumption of the algorithm is a Poisson distribution of the data. Therefore, the best image, according to the MLE algorithm, is the one that results in projection means which are as close to the data as possible. It is shown that this goal conflicts with the assumption that the data is Poisson-distributed. We test a statistical hypothesis whereby the projection data could have been generated by the image produced after each iteration. The acceptance or rejection of the hypothesis is based on a parameter that decreases as the images improve and increases as they deteriorate. We show that the 'best' MLE images, which pass the test, result in somewhat lower noise in regions of high activity than the filtered back-projection results and much lThis work was supported in part by the National. Cancer Institute (CA-39501) and the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-ACO~76SFOOO98
A scalable method for cross-platform merging of SNP array datasets

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array is a recently developed biotechnology that is extensively used in the study of cancer genomes. The various available platforms make cross-study validations/comparisons difficult. Meanwhile, sample sizes of the studies are fast increasing, which poses a heavy computational burden to even the fastest PC.Here, we describe a novel method that can generate a platform-independent dataset given SNP arrays from multiple platforms. It extracts the common probesets from individual platforms, and performs cross-platform normalizations and summari-zations based on these probesets. Since different platforms may have different numbers of probes per probeset (PPP), the above steps produce preprocessed signals with different noise levels for the platforms. To handle this problem, we adopt a platform-dependent smoothing strategy, and produce a preprocessed dataset that demonstrates uniform noise levels for individual samples.To increase the scalability of the method to a large number of samples, we devised an algorithm that split the samples into multiple tasks, and probesets into multiple segments before submitting to a parallel computing facility. This scheme results in a drastically reduced computation time and increased ability to process ultra-large sample sizes and arrays.
AN EMPIRICAL COMPARISON BETWEEN GRADE OF MEMBERSHIP AND PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS

It is the purpose of this paper to contribute to the discussion ini- tiated by Wachter about the parallelism between principal component (PC) and a typological grade of membership (GoM) analysis. The author tested empirically the close relationship between both analysis in a low dimensional framework comprising up to nine dichotomous variables and two typologies. Our contribution to the subject is also empirical. It relies on a dataset from a survey which was especially designed to study the reward of skills in the banking sector in Portugal. The statistical data comprise thirty polythomous variables and were decomposed in four typologies using an optimality crite- rion. The empirical evidence shows a high correlation between the rst PC scores and individual GoM scores. No correlation with the remaining PCs was found, however. In addtion to that, the rst PC also proved eective to rank individuals by skill following the particularity of data distribution meanwhile unveiled in GoM analysis.
Approaches on material analysis and modeling of bouncing putty

In t his contribution the mechanical properties of Bouncing Putty are investigated and the material parameters are determined by a rheological model. The Bouncing Putty is a silicone polymer, which shows viscoelastic behavior and it is characterized as a Non-Newtonian fluid with dilatancy. If it is thrown on a surface, it bounces back like a spring. But it flows like a viscous fluid, if it is simply put on a desk. The reason why it behaves either like an elastic material or like a viscous liquid is the velocity of the deformation. For dilatant also named shear-thickening materials the viscosity increases, if the strain rate (velocity of the deformation) rises. Because of the non-linear stiffness and damping behavior, this material is very interesting as a smart material in modern engineering, especially to handle disturbing vibrations and dynamic effects. Hence, to use this material for applications in engineering the non-linear spring-damping behavior has to be assessed by the functional relations of the mechanical parameters. But, determining elasticity and viscosity is not trivial, because the non-constant values are based on experiments and they depend on the theoretical model, which is applied. Due to this, an appropriate rheological model to map the effect of shearthickening is developed and a testing method, based on a deformation test under a constant velocity of deformation using a servo-hydraulic testing machine, is presented. The recorded testing data is fitted to the rheological model and this yields the values of the material parameters according to the model. As a result, the elasticity and the viscosity parameters of the dilatant Bouncing Putty are quantified for different deformation velocities. Inde x Terms - Bouncing Putty, Non-Newtonian fluid, viscoelastic, shear-thickening, dilatant, rheological model, material testing, spring-damper behavior 1. INTRODUCT ION
Blaming the Young Misses the Point: Re-assessing Young People’s Political Participation over Time Using the ‘Identity-equivalence Procedure’

One of the central and constantly recurring features of youth participation studies is the depiction of young people and adolescents as the future of democratic politics. According to previous research, however, young people exhibit generally lower levels of political participation than adults and show decreasing trends in their politica activities over time. In this study, we argue that, in order to arrive at meaningful conclusions about young and adult people’s political participation over time, ‘construct-equivalent’ rather than identical instruments of political participation across different age groups and time points should be used. Applying the so called ‘identity-equivalence procedure’ for political participation across three different age groups and the time period 2002-2014 using data from the European Social Survey (ESS), our results indicate that (1) the concrete manifestations of the concept of political participation differ across young and adult people and over time and (2) levels of political participation are quite similar for young and adult people and increasing from 2002-2014. Therefore, the commonly employed strategy of applying identical instruments of political participation across age groups and time points appears at least questionable.
Examination of the Impact of Using an Interactive Electronic Textbook on the Affective Learning of Prospective Mathematics Teachers

This semi-experimental study aims to examine the impact of a learning environment that uses interactive electronic textbook on the affective learning of prospective mathematics teachers. The study group consisted of 64 prospective teachers attending the Mathematics Teaching program at Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey. For 14 weeks, experimental group received the Development and Learning course in a blended learning environment, in which an interactive e-textbook was used inside and outside the classroom. In this period, only face to face education was conducted with the control group in the classroom environment. A course attitude scale and a blended learning environment satisfaction scale were employed for the purpose of data collection. In addition, observations were conducted with both of the groups during the application. The analysis of the findings indicated that there was a significant increase between pre- and post-course attitude scores of experimental group students, the students were satisfied with the learning environment formed, and the electronic text book increased interest in the course. Key Words: Interactive electronic textbook, prospective mathematics teachers, blended learning model, affective learning
On the speed and acceleration of electron beams triggering interplanetary type III radio bursts

Type III radio bursts are intense radio emissions triggered by beams of energetic electrons often associated with solar flares. These exciter beams propagate outwards from the Sun along an open magnetic field line in the corona and in the interplanetary (IP) medium. We performed a statistical survey of 29 simple and isolated IP type III bursts observed by STEREO/Waves instruments between January 2013 and September 2014. We investigated their time-frequency profiles in order to derive the speed and acceleration of exciter electron beams. We show these beams noticeably decelerate in the IP medium. Obtained speeds range from $\sim$ 0.02c up to $\sim$ 0.35c depending on initial assumptions. It corresponds to electron energies between tens of eV and hundreds of keV, and in order to explain the characteristic energies or speeds of type III electrons ($\sim 0.1$c) observed simultaneously with Langmuir waves at 1 au, the emission of type III bursts near the peak should be predominately at double plasma frequency. Derived properties of electron beams can be used as input parameters for computer simulations of interactions between the beam and the plasma in the IP medium.
Adaptive nonlinear recursive state-space filters

Adaptive nonlinear filters previously reported often employ truncated Volterra series and have a finite impulse response (FIR). This paper introduces a nonlinear state-space structure for adaptive nonlinear filters. The adaptive filters are recursive and thus generally have an infinite impulse response (IIR). They are expected to be useful for many applications and are especially attractive for those with long memories where adaptive nonlinear FIR filters are too expensive to use. Efficient methods, which significantly reduce computation for gradients, have been developed to facilitate further their application in real-time signal processing. Numerical simulations have been performed to demonstrate the properties of the proposed algorithms. >
Characterizing the Ham Halo Condition: A Color Defect in Fresh Pork Biceps Femoris Muscle

This experiment characterized a color defect called halo, involving pale tissue in the superficial portion of ham muscles, causing a two-toned appearance. Biceps femoris muscles (n = 200) were obtained from the ham-boning line of a large processor. Instrumental color attributes were determined on the medial (inside) and lateral (halo) surfaces of the muscle. Muscles were sliced (2.54-cm-thick) perpendicular to the long axis of the muscle. Slices were numbered from the proximal end of the muscle so that slice numbers represented anatomical location. Severity of the defect was greatest on the distal end of the muscle corresponding to slices 6 and 7 (9 locations). The halo and inside portions of slices 6 and 7 were separated for myoglobin concentration and muscle pH determination. The inside portion of muscle had lower (P < 0.001) L* (53.1 versus 63.4) and greater (P < 0.001) a* (23.2 versus 15.3) and b* (18.5 versus 15.4) values than the halo portion. Compared to the halo portion, the inside portion of the muscle had greater (P < 0.001) muscle pH (5.7 versus 5.5) and myoglobin concentration (1.97 versus 0.85 mg/g). Four minimally and 5 severely affected muscles were sampled in the halo and inside portions for muscle fiber typing. Fiber type distribution did not differ (P > 0.05) between locations within minimally affected muscles. In severely affected muscles, the inside portion had increased (P < 0.001) proportion of type I fibers, and concomitant decrease (P < 0.001) in type IIB fibers relative to the halo portion. These data indicate that the halo portion of the muscle is much lighter and less red in color, resulting from reduced myoglobin concentration in this portion of the muscle associated with a shift in muscle fiber type. These results should contribute to solutions to mitigate the ham halo color defect.
Country Differences in the Relationship between Incomes and Wage Rates of Working Partners

This paper investigates the relevance of the cultural and economic country context for differences in the effect of male partner income on female income and wage rate for 9,373 respondents in 13 European countries. Data taken from the European Community and Household Panel (ECHP), which comprises information on partner income trends between 1994 and 2001, were used to estimate fixed effect models. We find differences between countries in the effect of male partner income on women's income. In countries where average male salaries represent high purchasing power, male partner income has a negative influence on female income and wages. Less evidence was found for the argument thatalso gender cultures moderate partner income effects.