Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Responsible Care: An Assessment

Responsible Care is a voluntary code of conduct developed, enforced, and monitored by the Chemical Manufacturers Association. Voluntary codes could be designed and enforced by regulators, nonprofit groups, industry associations, and individual firms. They could vary in their scope, focusing on firms around the globe, in a given region, within a country, or in a given industry. This article focuses on Responsible Care’s self-regulatory services that pertain to establishing, monitoring, and enforcing industry-wide environmental, health, and safety standards. Employing insights from the club theory, stakeholder theory, institutionalist theory, and the corporate social performance perspective, it examines the demand and supply sides of voluntary codes. Finally, it discusses theoretical implications and the key challenges faced by Responsible Care in the future.
Liquid cooling in an LTCC-module for a switched mode amplifier

Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) is a proven packaging technology for microwave and millimetre-wave applications. Advanced low-loss material systems and improved manufacturing technology facilitate economic and highly reliable packaging solutions for automotive, telecom, medical and security applications. The fact that the substrate is hermetic facilitates unique packaging concepts where the LTCC multilayer is part of a hermetic package. However, there is a trade-off for the increasing complexity of these modules: When active devices are involved, the density of power dissipation is also rising. Liquid cooling provides an alternative where (forced air) convection cooling is not possible for lack of space or because of other limitations. With the integration of micro-channels into the LTCC-multilayer-stack the microwave-substrate becomes part of the piping for liquid cooling and brings the coolant in close contact to the heat source. As an example for such a solution a switched mode amplifier shall be presented that uses liquid cooling for the power transistor. Two different approaches for the routing of the cooling channels inside the LTCC are compared with cooling on a metal block at constant temperature. For the exact determination of all parameters, dissipated power and temperature on the die (junction temperature) a thermal test die is used instead of the transistor for the test vehicles.
T Cell Ig and Mucin Domain-1-Mediated T Cell Activation Requires Recruitment and Activation of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase1

Ligation of the transmembrane protein T cell Ig and mucin domain (Tim)-1 can costimulate T cell activation. Agonistic Abs to Tim-1 are also capable of inducing T cell activation without additional stimuli. However, little is known about the biochemical mechanisms underlying T cell stimulation or costimulation through Tim-1. We show that a tyrosine in Tim-1 becomes phosphorylated in a lck-dependent manner, whereupon it can directly recruit p85 adaptor subunits of PI3K. This results in PI3K activation, which is required for Tim-1 function. We also provide genetic evidence that p85 expression is required for optimal Tim-1 function. Thus, we describe a pathway from Tim-1 tyrosine phosphorylation to the PI3K signaling pathway, which appears to be a major effector of Tim-1-mediated T cell activation.
Socket modelling assistant for prosthesis design

In this paper, we propose a knowledge-based approach to design lower limb prostheses; in particular, we focus on the 3D modelling of the socket, the most critical component. First, the architecture of a dedicated design framework is described, detailing features of the main design steps. Then, the paper discusses the acquisition and formalisation of the knowledge related both to the prosthesis manufacturing process and to the considered component. Finally, we present the computer-aided module, named socket modelling assistant-SMA, we specifically developed to design the socket. It is a virtual laboratory where the socket virtual prototype is generated directly on the digital model of patient’s residual limb. It guides and supports the designer during each step in an automatic and/or semi-automatic way applying design rules and procedures. The modelling steps and available interactive tools that emulate orthopaedic technician’s operations are described. Results of the experimentation phase are described. A.
Design and Optimization of UHF Partial Discharge Sensors Using FDTD Modeling

Partial discharges may occur in defective insulation systems of high voltage equipment, such as gas insulated substations and power transformers. These discharges generate electromagnetic waves that can be detected using ultrahigh frequency (UHF) sensors. UHF sensors must meet certain sensitivity criteria over a wide frequency range so as to be capable of detecting small discharges. Sensor frequency response is measured using a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic calibration system. Previous research has shown that finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation of the calibration process can accurately model the response of the existing sensors. The work reported here demonstrates how a new sensor can be designed entirely using FDTD modeling. The proposed new partial discharge sensor has a physical construction that was selected to make it more robust, simple to manufacture, and convenient to install on metal-clad high-voltage apparatus. The internal structure of the UHF sensor was developed and optimized entirely within the FDTD software domain before the physical device was manufactured and tested. Simulated and experimental calibration results were found to be in agreement to within 10%. This finding validates the design methodology and optimization process. The approach described in this paper will help to streamline the design of UHF partial discharge sensors for specific applications in future.
Endosomal TLR signaling is required for anti-nucleic acid and rheumatoid factor autoantibodies in lupus

Using the Unc93b1 3d mutation that selectively abolishes nucleic acid-binding Toll-like receptor (TLR) (TLR3, -7, -9) signaling, we show these endosomal TLRs are required for optimal production of IgG autoAbs, IgM rheumatoid factor, and other clinical parameters of disease in 2 lupus strains, B6-Faslpr and BXSB. Strikingly, treatment with lipid A, an autoAb-inducing TLR4 agonist, could not overcome this requirement. The 3d mutation slightly reduced complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-mediated antigen presentation, but did not affect T-independent type 1 or alum-mediated T-dependent humoral responses or TLR-independent IFN production induced by cytoplasmic nucleic acids. These findings suggest that nucleic acid-sensing TLRs might act as an Achilles' heel in susceptible individuals by providing a critical pathway by which relative tolerance for nucleic acid-containing antigens is breached and systemic autoimmunity ensues. Importantly, this helps provide an explanation for the high frequency of anti-nucleic acid Abs in lupus-like systemic autoimmunity.
Towards successful design of context-aware application frameworks to develop Mobile Patient Monitoring Systems using wireless sensors

This paper is a study of; software framework designs, context awareness computing, and Mobile Patient Monitoring Systems (MPMS) using wireless sensors, to find out the lacks and the gaps in the literature. To achieve this, a set of success factors are used to characterize and analyze these frameworks. These success factors are introduced in this paper as a set of designs and domain requirements that must be addressed to design extensible and reusable context-aware application frameworks to develop MPMS using wireless sensors. To enhance the existing frameworks design, a research agenda is presented as the primary objective of this paper. This research agenda is expected to help researchers fill the gaps in the designed frameworks.
Modechart: A Specification Language for Real-Time Systems

Present a specification language for real-time systems called Modechart. The semantics of Modechart is given in terms of real-time logic (RTL), which is especially amenable to reasoning about the absolute (real-time clock) timing of events. The semantics of Modechart has an important property that the translation of a Modechart specification into RTL formulas results in a hierarchical organization of the resulting RTL assertions. This gives us significant leverage in reasoning about properties of a system by allowing us to filter out assertions that concern lower levels of abstraction. Some results about desirable properties of Modechart specifications are given. A graphical implementation of Modechart has been completed. >
Hemodialysis Reduces the Viral Load in Uremic Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection

Background and aims. The effect of hemodialysis (HD) to change the viral load of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in uremic patients with chronic HBV infection has never been studied. In this study, we investigated the HBV viral loads and their changes between the HD procedure in the uremic patients. Patients and methods. A total of 38 chronic HBV-infected uremic patients were enrolled, but eight cases were excluded due to HCV co-infection and under anti-viral therapy. To evaluate the HBV DNA levels and their changes through the course of HD, we quantified serial serum samples from each patient immediately before HD, at the end of HD, and 48 hours later—immediately before the next HD. Results. Most of our HBV-infected uremic patients had a relatively lower HBV viral load; 80% cases with HBV DNA %4 Log10copies/mL, in comparison with the Taiwan epidemiologic study for community base HBV carriers. There was no significant difference of HBV DNA level between HBeAg-positive and -negative patients, but a significant higher DNA level in the high ALT group (p = 0.029) and liver cirrhosis patients (p = 0.002). The mean HBV DNA levels, before and after HD, respectively, in our 30 patients were 3.823 ± 1.130 Log10copies/mL and 3.686 ± 1.114 Log10copies/mL. It was a significant decrease on HBV DNA level in chronic HBV-infected patients through HD procedure (p = 0.004). The mean HBV DNA level of two days after HD was 3.702 ± 1.094 Log10copies/mL, which was not significantly different from the HBV DNA level before (p = 0.076) or after (p = 0.267) HD; however, the mean reduction of HBV DNA by a single HD was 0.11 ± 0.38 Log10copies/mL. Patients with low viral load also had a significant high platelet count (p = 0.03), high serum albumin (p = 0.016), and low AST level (p = 0.002). Conclusions. Most uremic patients with chronic HBV infection under regular HD in Taiwan had a relatively lower viral load, of which the major mechanism could be due to the elimination of serum HBV viral load by the HD procedure.
Large-scale networks of hydration water molecules around proteins investigated by cryogenic X-ray crystallography.

The structures at protein-water interface, i.e. the hydration structure of proteins, have been investigated by cryogenic X-ray crystal structure analyses. Hydration structures appeared far clearer at cryogenic temperature than at ambient temperature, presumably because the motions of hydration water molecules were quenched by cooling. Based on the structural models obtained, the hydration structures were systematically analyzed with respect to the amount of water molecules, the interaction modes between water molecules and proteins, the local and the global distribution of them on the surface of proteins. The standard tetrahedral interaction geometry of water in bulk retained at the interface and enabled the three-dimensional chain connection of hydrogen bonds between hydration water molecules and polar protein atoms. Large-scale networks of hydrogen bonds covering the entire surface of proteins were quite flexible to accommodate to the large-scale conformational changes of proteins and seemed to have great influences on the dynamics and function of proteins. The present observation may provide a new concept for discussing the dynamics of proteins in aqueous solution.
A Cost-Utility Analysis of Abdominal Hysterectomy Versus Transcervical Endometrial Resection for the Surgical Treatment of Menorrhagia

Abstract Menorrhagia, or heavy regular menstrual bleeding, represents a major health burden to women. Trials comparing abdominal hysterectomy (AH) with transcervical resection of the endometrium (TCRE) for the condition have shown that, although the duration and severity of convalescence is less with TCRE, AH produces a permanent solution to heavy bleeding while TCRE fails in a proportion of women by 2 years. However, by 2 years, TCRE costs only 71% that of AH. This paper presents a cost-utility analysis to assess which procedure is more cost-effective overall. Under most plausible parameter values and on the basis of health state values elicited from a sample of women with menorrhagia, AH is likely to be considered more cost-effective than TCRE if purchasers are willing to pay an additional cost of at least £6,500 per extra quality-adjusted life-year generated by AH.
How Useful Are Species Distribution Models for Managing Biodiversity under Future Climates

Climate change presents unprecedented challenges for biological conservation. Agencies are increasingly looking to modeled projections of species' distributions under future climates to inform management strategies. As government scientists with a responsibility to communicate the best available science to our policy colleagues, we question whether current modeling approaches and outputs are practically useful. Here, we synthesize conceptual problems with species distribution models (SDMs) associated with interspecific interactions, dispersal, ecological equilibria and time lags, evolution, and the sampling of niche space. Although projected SDMs have undoubtedly been critical in alerting us to the magnitude of climate change impacts, we conclude that until they offer insights that are more precise than what we can derive from basic ecological theory, we question their utility in deciding how to allocate scarce funds to large-scale conservation projects.
Patient- and bed partner-reported symptoms, smoking, and nasal resistance in sleep-disordered breathing.

OBJECTIVES Nocturnal and daytime symptoms are important determinants in clinical decision making in patients suspected of having sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). We compared patients' and bed partners' reporting of symptoms associated with SDB in a clinical sample of snoring men. The bed partners' view on snoring disturbance was assessed. The relationship between sleep parameters, anthropometric data, and selected subjective symptoms was assessed. Additionally, we evaluated the relationship between smoking, nasal resistance, and habitual snoring. DESIGN A cross-sectional, prospective study. SETTING University teaching hospital. PATIENTS Thirty-seven consecutive snoring men referred to ENT Hospital because of a snoring problem or suspicion of sleep apnea, and scheduled for surgical treatment of nasal obstruction. INTERVENTIONS The patients completed a sleep questionnaire, a questionnaire on nasal history, and the Epworth sleepiness scale. The bed partners were asked to complete a separate sleep questionnaire of the patient's daytime and nocturnal symptoms. Both patients and bed partners evaluated the intensity of snoring on a visual analog scale. The patients underwent polysomnography and anterior rhinomanometry. RESULTS Agreement of patients' and bed partners' reports on symptoms related to SDB was good in this material. One half of the bed partners were disturbed by snoring every night or almost every night, and one third of the bed partners reported disharmony in the relationship from time to time or repeatedly due to snoring. The combination of current smoking and total nasal resistance in a supine position higher than the median value in this patient sample was associated with history of habitual snoring. CONCLUSIONS Male patients and their bed partners seem to give congruent reports of snoring and symptoms related to SDB in a clinical population with mild SDB. One half of the bed partners found their sleep constantly disturbed. The combination of current smoking and high nasal resistance was related with habitual snoring.
ZDHHC8 single nucleotide polymorphism rs175174 is not associated with psychiatric features of the 22q11 deletion syndrome or schizophrenia.

ZDHHC8 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs175174 is not associated with psychiatric features of the 22q11 Deletion Syndrome or Schizophrenia Caroline Demily, Solenn Legallic, Jacqueline Bou, Emmanuelle Houy-Durand, Thérèse Van Amelsvoort, Janneke Zinkstok, Sylvie Manouvrier-Hanue, Annick Vogels, Valérie Drouin-Garraud, Nicole Philip, Anne Philippe, Delphine Héron, Pierre Sarda, Michel Petit, Florence Thibaut, Thierry Frébourg and Dominique Campion
Mechanisms of pHi recovery from NH4Cl-induced acidosis in anoxic isolated turtle heart: a 31P-NMR study.

Mechanisms of intracellular pH (pHi) recovery from NH4Cl-induced acidosis were investigated on isolated perfused hearts of the turtle, Chrysemys picta bellii, using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy at 20 degrees C. A major goal was to assess the activity of these mechanisms under anoxic conditions. Based on calculated buffer capacity and a pHi recovery range at 20 degrees C of 6.75-6.95 (normal pHi 7.2-7.4), mean H' efflux rate during perfusion with CO2-free N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (TES)-buffered Ringer was only 15% (normoxia) and 25% (anoxia) of that with HCO3-buffered Ringer. With HCO3 solution, anoxic H1 efflux rate was approximately 50% of normoxia (0.333 vs. 0.645 mmol.l-1.min-1), but in TES solution, H1 efflux rate was unaffected by anoxia. To further characterize the transporters, we used blockers [the Na(+)-H+ antiport inhibitor 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride (EIPA) and the anion exchanger inhibitor 4,4'diisothiocyanostilbene-2, 2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS)], ion substitution, and temperature change. EIPA (10 microM) inhibited H+ efflux rate by 40% in anoxic TES solution; DIDS (0.5 mM) blocked H+ efflux rate by 85% in anoxic HCO3 solution. No pHi recovery was observed in either normoxic or anoxic Na(+)-free solutions, but normal recovery was observed in the absence of extracellular Cl-. Recovery of pHi occurred 2-3 times faster at 30 degrees C than at 20 degrees C. ATP was unaffected by any manipulation in this study, whereas creatine phosphate (CP) fell during anoxia, and both CP and mechanical performance changed in parallel to pHi. We conclude that pHi regulation functions during anoxia, although at a reduced rate, and that recovery from acidosis is dominated, during both normoxia and anoxia, by a DIDS-sensitive Na+ and HCO3(-)-dependent mechanism, whereas EIPA-sensitive Na(+)-H+ antiport plays a less important role.
Disease‐related and genetic correlates of psychotic symptoms in Parkinson's disease

Our aim was to examine disease‐related and genetic correlates of the development of psychotic symptoms in a large population of patients with Parkinson's disease. We studied 500 patients with Parkinson's disease from the NeuroGenetics Research Consortium using logistic regression models. Predictors were demographic, clinical (motor/nonmotor features), and genetic, measured as continuous or dichotomous variables. Continuous measures were divided into population‐based tertiles. Results are given as odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for dichotomous variables and by ascending tertile for continuous variables. Psychotic symptoms were associated with increasing age: 4.86 (1.62–14.30) and 6.25 (2.09–18.74) (test for trend: P = 0.01); and duration of disease: 3.81 (1.23–11.76) and 5.33 (1.68–16.89) (test for trend: P = 0.03). For nonmotor features, we demonstrated positive trends with depression: 1.31 (0.47–3.61) and 5.01 (2.04–12.33) (test for trend: P < 0.0001); cognitive dysfunction: 0.69 (0.26–1.84) and 2.51 (1.00–6.29) (test for trend: P = 0.03); and an excess for those with sleep disorders: 2.00 (1.03–3.89) (P = 0.04). Psychotic symptoms were not associated with tremor or postural instability scores, but there was an association with freezing of gait: 3.83 (1.67–8.75) (P < 0.002). Psychotic symptoms were not associated with the presence of any examined polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein, alpha‐synuclein, or microtubule associated protein tau genes. This is the largest study to examine correlates of psychotic symptoms in Parkinson's disease. We discovered a novel association with freezing of gait. We demonstrated an association with depression and duration of disease, both of which were inconsistently related in previous studies, and confirmed the association with age, cognitive dysfunction, and sleep disorders. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Determination the nutritive value and in situ dry matter digestibility of peanut forage zahra shoryabi

There is interest in growing peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) for forage, but little is known about the nutritive value and forage quality. The objective of this study was to Determination chemical composition and in Situ degradation kinetics of peanut hay. Sample randomly collected and then shadedried. Chemical composition were measured according to the standard procedure. Dry matter digestibility determination by in situ methods. chemical composition including dry matter (DM), Organic matter (OM), crude ash (CA), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were estimated: 94/48, 89/23, 10/76, 2/20, 7/79, 41/21 and 28/14 respectively. The In situ DMD values for time incubation 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 h were estimated: 29/76, 32/55, 39/64, 45/89, 54/9, 63/01 and 70/5 respectively. It is noteworthy The DM disappearance of the peanut hay in the rumen increased with increasing incubation time. The value of in situ ruminal degradation cofficients of DM (a, b, c, a+b) and effective degradability of DM at outflow rate 0.02, 0.05 and 0.08 h -1 were estimated 28/60, 53/32, 0/0152, 81/92, 51/62, 41/03, 37/11 respectively. According to this experiments findings, it can be concluded that peanut hay have high nutritive value and therefore they can be used as alternative forage in ruminant nutrition.
The higher level of complexity of K‐Ras4B activation at the membrane

Is nucleotide exchange sufficient to activate K‐Ras4B? To signal, oncogenic rat sarcoma (Ras) anchors in the membrane and recruits effectors by exposing its effector lobe. With the use of NMR and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we observed that in solution, farnesylated guanosine 5'‐diphosphate (GDP)‐bound K‐Ras4B is predominantly autoinhibited by its hypervariable region (HVR), whereas the GTP‐bound state favors an activated, HVR‐released state. On the anionic membrane, the catalytic domain adopts multiple orientations, including parallel (~180°) and perpendicular (~90°) alignments of the allosteric helices, with respect to the membrane surface direction. In the autoinhibited state, the HVR is sandwiched between the effector lobe and the membrane; in the active state, with membrane‐anchored farnesyl and unrestrained HVR, the catalytic domain fluctuates reinlessly, exposing its effector‐binding site. Dimerization and clustering can reduce the fluctuations. This achieves preorganized, productive conformations. Notably, we also observe HVR‐autoinhibited K‐Ras4B‐GTP states, with GDP‐bound‐like orientations of the helices. Thus, we propose that the GDP/GTP exchange may not be sufficient for activation; instead, our results suggest that the GDP/GTP exchange, HVR sequestration, farnesyl insertion, and orientation/localization of the catalytic domain at the membrane conjointly determine the active or inactive state of K‐Ras4B. Importantly, K‐Ras4B‐GTP can exist in active and inactive states; on its own, GTP binding may not compel K‐Ras4B activation. —Jang, H. , Banerjee, A. , Chavan, T. S, Lu, S. , Zhang, J., Gaponenko, V. , Nussinov, R. The higher level of complexity of K‐Ras4B activation at the membrane. FASEB J. 30, 1643–1655 (2016). www.fasebj. org