Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and characterization of MCF7 mammary carcinoma xenografts in a non-immunocompromised rat model

Purpose: To investigate the development of mammary tumours in female Sprague-dawley rats through a simple subcutaneous injection of human adenocarcinoma breast cells (MCF7) in combination with basement membrane matrix (BME). Methods: Nine Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Group A received no injection, group B was injected with MCF7 cells at a cell density of 7.2 x 10 6 /ml, and group C was co-injected with MCF7 and BME at 7.2 x 10 6 /ml and 3.158 mg/ml, respectively. Tumour growth was observed over a duration of 70 days. Hematological analysis was performed using differential blood cell counts. Histological evaluation was carried out using standard LM techniques and H&E staining. Results: At day 35, RBC concentration across all groups was 8.10 x 10 6 /mm 3 , whereas by day 70 the range decreased to (7.64 – 7.87) x 10 6 /mm 3 . White blood cells (WBCs) were within normal range up to day 35, but monocytes and lymphocytes displayed an increase in concentration for group C. Mammary tissues from the thoracic region showed evidence of MCF7 cellular proliferation in both groups B and C. Conclusion: This study reveals that BME enhances tumour growth. Further studies are required to investigate optimization strategies for the development of mammary tumours in alternative recipient animal. Keywords: Tumour induction, MCF7, Histopathology, Thoracic mammary gland, Mammary tumour, Basement membrane matrix
Container shipping trade and real GDP growth: A panel vector autoregressive approach

Using data which cover the total amount of containership which have either entered or exited a port in a given year, in a sample which contains 135 countries, we show, by employing a panel approach, that containership trade is an important determinant of GDP growth. The amount of TEUs transported, both contemporaneously as well as in the previous year, has a significant positive effect on economic growth. This can be explained via the fact that TEUs have a positive effect on trade flows between countries and trade flows have long been shown to have a strong positive impact on real GDP growth.
Use of the canadian c-spine rule by emergency department nurses

Background: Approximately 1.3 million Canadians present to the Emergency Department (ED) annually with a suspected cervical spine (c-spine) injury secondary to blunt force trauma. These patients are often alert and hemodynamically stable with less than 1% suffering a cervical spine fracture. Developed and validated at the Ottawa Research Institute, the Canadian C-Spine Rule is a highly sensitive clinical decision tool designed to mitigate the unnecessary use of radiography in alert, stable, trauma patients. Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the feasibility of developing a clinical practice guideline implementing the use of the Canadian C-Spine Rule by ED nurses working in Vancouver, British Columbia. Literature Review: Previous research demonstrates that when used by both ED physicians and registered nurses the Canadian C-Spine Rule enables accurate and reliable identification of trauma patients at low-risk for cervical spine injuries and is associated with decreased use of unwarranted radiography. In the ED, registered nurses do not routinely assess the cervical spine of alert, stable trauma patients; however, enabling nurses to remove cervical immobilization by utilizing the Canadian C-Spine Rule, could improve patient comfort, increase patient flow and optimize nurses’ roles and responsibilities in busy EDs. Methods: A short electronic survey was sent to members of the Vancouver General Hospital (VGH) ED Quality Council for input. Findings from this survey and informal interviews were utilized to perform a SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threats) analysis related to educating local ED nurses to clear the cervical spine of low-risk trauma patients. CANADIAN C-SPINE RULE USE BY ED NURSES 5 Results: Respondents noted potential facilitators of this project included a strong nursing education team and highly motivated frontline nurses who are keenly interested in educational opportunities. Potential barriers identified within VGH ED could be a lack of physician support, nursing resistance due perceived increased workload, competing priorities for nursing education and a lack of low-risk trauma patients presenting to VGH ED immobilized in cervical collars. Conclusion: Prior to implementing this change into clinical practice, key recommendations based on stakeholder engagement and the SWOT analysis addressing internal and external factors facilitating or impeding practice change should be considered.
Local Tax Reforms and Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers Policy: The Relevance of Governance Forum

Submitted : 21.07. 2020 Revised : 09.10. 2020 Accepted : 11.11. 2020 Available : 29.12. 2020 This study invokes fiscal federalism literature by examining tax reformsintergovernmental fiscal transfers policy relationship in local government. Additionally, it investigates whether a governance forum mediates that association. Data from eight districts, two municipalities, and 80 subcounties in Uganda's North-Western region were tested employing structural equation modeling. For quite a long time, Uganda, an East African country, has been acclaimed for its federalism proficiency. Findings indicate that: much as tax autonomy, coordination capacity, tax inconsistency, and corruption; notable tax reforms attributes, predict transfers policy changes, governance forum plays no mediation role in the tax reforms-transfers policy set-up. Implications for theory-researchpractice triangulation are discussed, and future research direction has also been proposed. iThenticate similarity score: 8% JEL classification: H29, H71, H77
Photoinduced electron transfer at the tetrapyrrole-TiO2 interface: effect of the energy alignment

Photoinduced electron transfer is a ubiquitous process behind several physical, chemical, and biological processes. Its potential applications, ranging from solar cell technologies to photodynamic cancer therapy, require a thorough understanding of the basics of the reaction. This dissertation addresses open questions for a particular case of electron transfer processes: Heterogeneous Electron Transfer (HET). In this process, an electron is transferred between a localized donor and a multitude of delocalized acceptor states. HET between photoexcited tetrapyrroles and colloidal TiO2 has been investigated using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Specifically, this work explores the not well-understood influence of the availability of states on the HET reaction. This problem is addressed by measuring electron injection times as a function of the energy difference between the LUMO and the conduction band of TiO2. The change in the energy alignment was done using two experimental strategies. The first one employs a recently synthesized phlorin with two different excited states above the conduction band of TiO2. This molecule allows comparing HET rates from two different excited states. The phlorin presents the rare case in which electron transfer process can be measured from various excited states with the same experimental condition. The second strategy measures the electron injection rates after exciting the same electronic state of a set of specially designed porphyrins. The novelty of the approach is that the difference in energy alignment is attained by the introduction of dipole groups within the bridge group of the molecule. This strategy generates a difference in energy alignment of up to 200 meV. The reported measurements were carried in a high vacuum environment with an apparatus capable of resolving sub 30 fs processes. Disentanglement of the electron transfer processes was done, after careful study of the
UV-assisted reduction of in situ electrospun antibacterial chitosan-based nanofibres for removal of bacteria from water

A greener synthesis of low-swelling uniformly-sized chitosan (CTS)-based nanofibres decorated with silver (Ag) and silver/iron (Ag/Fe) nanoparticles is reported. The synthesis was achieved by electrospinning a solution of CTS blended with varying amounts of polyacrylamide (PAA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Ag+ or Ag+/Fe3+ ions. These nanofibres were subjected to UV irradiation under ionised water vapour at low temperature (70 °C). The effect of UV irradiation time on the reduction of the NPs was confirmed using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The microstructure and chemical composition of the Ag and Ag/Fe modified nanofibres was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). TEM revealed that the average diameter of the CTS-based nanofibres, AgNPs, and Ag/Fe NPs supported on the CTS-based nanofibres were 471 ± 89 nm, 18 ± 2.5 and 32 ± 8.7 nm respectively. XRD and EDS analysis confirmed the presence of Ag and Fe in the nanofibers. The biocidal effect of the Ag and Ag/Fe NPs supported on the CTS-based nanofibres was investigated using Gram positive (Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella boydii, Shigella sonnei, Enterobacter cloacae) bacterial strains. The nanofibres exhibited a strong biocidal effect on the bacteria suggesting that they can be used as efficient antimicrobial materials in water systems that are contaminated by bacteria.
Multiple Object detection using Autonomous UAVs based on YOLOv3 algorithm

Currently, there has been an enormous increase in interest towards autonomous UAVs and applications with respect to autonomous UAVs such as scientific data collection and security monitoring, infrastructure inspection, search and rescue and much more. Recognizing objects visually is a key step in such applications and is very pivotal to build a complete autonomous system. Nevertheless, the chore of detecting an object is very much challenging and is even more difficult when we have low quality images aboard low cost consumer UAVs. More frequently due to the motion of UAVs, images get blurred, noisy and even onboard cameras have low resolution hence object detection becomes more challenging since identifying objects are quite small and these tasks get even more difficult as there is a necessity of real time detection of objects. This paper focuses on all these aspects and brings an outcome for the object detection and identification.
Risk factors for early wheezing in preterm infants: a retrospective cohort study

Background: The factors that cause recurrent wheezing in children are complex, and premature delivery may be one of these factors. Little is known about early wheezing in preterm infants.Methods: Data were sourced from 1616 children born between 2007 and 2013 from 8 hospitals in Guangxi, China. All children were followed up by telephone or questionnaire through the sixth year of life. Children were grouped by gestational age (GA): Group A, GA ≤ 32 weeks; Group B, 32 weeks < GA < 37 weeks; and Group C, 37 weeks ≤ GA < 42 weeks.Results: The incidences and risk factors for early wheezing in preterm infants were analysed. The incidences of early wheezing were as follows: Group A > Group B > Group C. The incidence of persistent early wheezing in Group A or Group B was significantly higher than that in Group C, respectively. SGA (95% CI: 1.097 to 7.519) was a risk factor for early wheezing in group A. Male sex (95% CI: 1.595 to 4.501) and family history of allergies (95% CI: 1.207 to 3.352) were risk factors for early wheezing in group B.Conclusions: 1. New-borns with younger GAs had a higher risk of early wheezing. 2. The incidence of persistent early wheezing for preterm infants (GA ≤ 32 weeks and 32 weeks < GA < 37 weeks) was higher than that for full-term infants (37 weeks ≤ GA < 42 weeks). 3. SGA was a risk factor for early wheezing in preterm infants with a GA ≤ 32 weeks. 4. Male sex, personal history of allergies and family history of allergies were all possible factors affecting early wheezing in preterm infants with a GA > 32 weeks but < 37 weeks and full-term infants. Among them, male sex and family history of allergies were risk factors for early wheezing. 5. Mode of delivery, passive smoking, breastfeeding and invasive mechanical ventilation were not possible risk factors for early wheezing in infants of different GAs.
Training Practices and Injuries in Competitive Adolescent Distance Runners: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Distance running is one of the most popular sports around the world. The epidemiology of running-related injuries (RRI) has been examined in adults, but only a few studies have focused on adolescent distance runners. Therefore, the purpose of this study was 1) to examine the training practices (frequency, volume, and intensity) and descriptive epidemiology of RRI (risks, rates, sites, and severity) in competitive adolescent distance runners (13-18 years) in England, and 2) to explore potential correlates (risk factors) of RRI. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. Adolescent distance runners (n = 113) were recruited from England Athletics affiliated athletics clubs. Participants voluntarily completed an online questionnaire between April and December 2018. At the point of completion, responses were based on the participant’s previous 12-months of distance running participation. Injury incidence proportions (IP) and incidence rates (IR) were calculated. Potential correlates of RRI were estimated using an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The injury IP was 122/100 participants/year (95% CI: 113 to 138). The injury IR was 6.3/1000 participation hours (95% CI: 5.3 to 7.4). The most common injury sites were the knee, foot/toes, and lower leg; primarily caused by overuse. Exploratory univariate analyses showed a larger number of training sessions per week (volume) is associated with a lower risk of RRI (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53 to 0.94), and that a higher level of specialisation is associated with a lower risk of time loss injury (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.63). Conclusions: Injury is common in adolescent distance runners, aligned with adult-based research. These data provide guidance for the development of appropriate injury prevention interventions.
Islamic culture and globalisation: Challenges and responses

This paper is a humble endeavor to look at the relationship between Islam and globalisation from cultural perspective. The paper explores the nature of Islamic culture and its interaction with the west as part of the fundamental factors of how the west employ the policies against Islam in the most inhumane form. Now, western powers have been propagating against Islam. It is thus significant to analyze the role of ummah in this milieu of cultural globalisation for preparedness in shaping and constructing the course of globalisation in the coming days. This paper seeks to explain how will ummah meet challenges facing Islam as a cultural participator in globalisation where Islam is attributed with terrorism and other allegations, albeit is not Islamic at all and will never been part of the Islamic teaching and culture.Against this backdrop, Islam's future and its culture depend on Muslim ummah’s ability and their uncompromising mindsetnot to integrate modernity and western culture into Islam but to make the new global order that can infuse religious norms like solidarity, community and identity.
Contribution of Tip Shroud Cavity to Loss Generation in the Main Flow of a Low Pressure Turbine Using Steady and Unsteady Numerical Approach

A lot of studies on turbomachinery main flow optimisation have been performed in order to reach current efficiencies. To go further in the study of aerodynamic losses sources, a better understanding of technological effects is required. Tip shroud cavities in low pressure turbine is an example. Indeed, the by-pass flow causes additional pressure losses. In addition, interactions between main flow and cavity flows, as well as the re-entering flow, cause mixing losses and modifications of flow angle. This paper investigates the contribution of tip shroud cavities in a low pressure turbine stage on the overall performance and flow structures. The ability of a steady simulation to predict this kind of flow by comparison with time-resolved results is poorly documented in the literature, and is an objective of this paper. Computations are compared with experimental data from low speed turbine test rig. Entropy production shows that a large amount of additional losses comes from the cavities themselves whichever the steady or unsteady treatment of the simulation. Additional losses generated in the rotor are more dependent on the presence of the shroud or not than the unsteady feature of the simulations.
Application of the theory of networks to model a drainage network of a watershed: case study Department of Quindío Colombia

Background: The hydrographic network of the basins of the department of Quindio, located in Colombia, South America, suffers from pollution due to industries such as tanneries, mining, food processing, among others. Goals: Represent a hydrographic network of a basin employing a graph and study its most representative measures of centrality; as a case study, we considered the hydrologic network of the basins of the department of Quindio. Methods: The theory of networks and the analysis of centrality measures such as degree distribution, PageRank, and eccentricity; also, topological measures such as density and assortativity. Results: The study provided a different approach to research on the properties of river networks. The grade distribution shows a network with input grades of one, two, and three, while the output grade is only one or zero, consistent with a typical mountain basin. Measurements such as density and assortativity showed a low-density network with no defined connection patterns. The centrality of PageRank and eccentricity highlighted the leading causes and the most important rivers according to the way the hydrographic network is connected. Conclusions: The study concluded that by using network theory, we obtained a global vision of the network, understanding its structure and allowing us to visualize which areas of the network are vulnerable. PageRank’s centrality allowed us to identify well-monitored nodes in the network and those that need care; this same distribution highlighted zones in the network that are more prone to contamination. Finally, the eccentricity determined the center of the network (sector of “La Maria”) as one of the network’s most vulnerable areas.
Electrical Conduction and Photoconduction in PtSe2 Ultrathin Films

We report the characterization of back-gated field-effect transistors fabricated using platinum diselenide (PtSe2) ultrathin films as a channel. We perform a detailed study of the electrical conduction as well as of the photoconductivity. From the gate modulation of the channel current, we obtain the signature of p-type semiconducting conduction with carrier mobility of about 30 cm2 V−1 s−1. More interestingly, PtSe2 devices exposed to light, either in air and in vacuum, exhibit negative photoconductivity, which we explain by a photogating effect due to charge trapping in the gate dielectric and light-induced desorption of adsorbates.
Research and the real world: Analyzing the short- and long-term impact of knowledge transfer

Knowledge exchange interventions are an important driver of research impact. This study examines 5 years of intensive knowledge-exchange ‘reform labs’ in the field of education policy. Using qualitative analysis and a regression analysis approach applied to rich case data and quantitative results, we find that the reform labs have a significant impact on both participants and their reform projects in the short-term immediately after the event and in the medium term up to 5 years later. We also find evidence that the impact on individuals and projects drives broader social impact. We take a holistic approach to the knowledge brokerage of designing the reform labs and find that across contexts and project phases, but highly costly. In comparing the reform labs to best practices identified in the literature, we find evidence that knowledge exchange interventions of longer duration, with case-focused teamwork, and involving intensive researcher–participant interaction are more impactful. Additionally, we observe that diverse participants can drive impact and their needs must be considered.
Preconcentration of heavy metals in urine using chelating ion exchange resin and quantification by ICP-AES

A method is proposed that uses a polyamine chelating ion exchange resin for preconcentration of Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, and Ni in urine and their determination by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). After adjusting the samples to pH 7.0, the complexed metals can be Eluted from the resin column with 1 M HNO 3 . The uptake of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Mn was quantitative (83-103%). For the determination of Ni, the method of standard additions was necessary. A tenfold concentration factor for the 100-mL sample and the detection limits in the range of 3.7-9.0 mg/L make this procedure applicable for toxicological diagnosis.
The Financial Impact of Street-Level Greenery on New York Commercial Buildings

Urban street-level greenery is empirically documented to improve mental and physical health, increase productivity, increase urban environmental equality and reduce carbon footprints. In addition, these benefits raise residents' welfare, which has been correlated with increases in residential house prices. We measure street-level greenness in New York City through a novel Green View Index (GVI) using Google Street View images and assess the impacts of greenness on commercial real estate prices. Using a sample of office transactions, we spatially correlate Google Street View Images for New York City over the 2010 to 2017 period. We find a 8.9% to 10.5% statistically, economically and positive transaction premium and a 5.6% to 7.8% rent premium for offices with low to high street-level greenness relative to those building transactions spatially correlated with very low greenness. Estimations are robust to proximity to parks, subway stations, sidewalk widths, household income levels and investments by Building Improvement Districts, as well as other vital and standard office valuation features. By documenting the role of greenery in commercial building valuations, our results give a more complete understanding of the value of greenness in urban environments, and the economic role that urban landscape architecture, planning and development has upon cities.