Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A square-integrable spinor solution to non-interacting Dirac equations

One of the most important problems in mathematical physics is to study the properties of the Dirac spinor field equations by assigning a specific potential and finding its exact solutions, according to various methods [1–13]. Whereas the presence of specific forms of external potentials provides properties of the matter distributions in those potentials, studying the non-interacting case would allow to deduce properties about the matter distributions themselves in the cleanest way.Nonetheless, it is generally believed that in the free case we can only get solutions such as plane waves, or similarly non-integrable solutions. Such a belief is based on the argument that the lack of external potentials is equivalent to the total lack of force that can keep the matter distribution localized. Nonetheless, non-interacting does not necessarily mean to be fully free. In fact, the above argument fails to contemplate the situation for which some matter distributions might have some form of internal tensions that can keep them localized even when no source of any type is to be around. Mathematically, this can be seen in the fact that Dirac spinor field equations are defined in terms of frames, that is objects that form the soldering between diffeomorphic and Lorentz structures. As it is known, spinors are more sensitive to the structure of space-time than real tensors [14] while frames can contain more information than the metric, it follows that the interplay between spinors and frames can provide additional information than we would normally think. By translating everything in polar form, the form in which spinor components are written as modules times phases while respecting covariance, frames are translated in objects called tensorial connections, and in terms of which the above consideration is clearer. In fact, the tensorial connections can be seen as the potential of the Riemann curvature while being a real tensor, and as a zero Riemann curvature can still be obtained in terms of non-zero tensorial connection, such tensorial connection describes a space-time structure where no external force is present but which nevertheless is not free. In this case, solutions can be found displaying the character of radial localization, as we are going to discuss in this work.
An Experimental Flow Study of the Pitching Oscillating Airfoil Using the PIV Technique

A wind tunnel experiment is carried out employing 2D-PIV technique to visualize the qualitative flow field and to obtain the quantitative velocity profile respectively in the wake of 1 Hz pitching oscillating airfoil of 6 degrees amplitude. In order to validate the experiment for future’s study, the experimental velocity data are compared to relative CFD ones. The CFD results are obtained from a code called Map Flow that is able to deal with the flow around pitching and plunging oscillating airfoil. From the vortices maps it is shown that the experimental results and CFD ones are well compared with respect to the size and the shape of the vortices patterns. Quantitatively, the differences between experiment and CFD with respect to the velocity profile are acceptable.
DEVELOPMENT OF METHOD TO ASSESS SEPARATION PROCESS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERAL SLURRY

This article considers the possibility of developing a methodology for assessing the separation process of gold-sulfide raw materials, taking into account the rheological characteristics of the mineral suspension. The object of the study is the ore of the Mayskoye deposit, which is subjected to fine crushing followed by cyanidation, so the consideration of rheological properties is the most important aspect of achieving the necessary enrichment performance. In the course of the research, using the object-oriented programming language Python 3.8, a program for calculating the empirical coefficients of the three-component rheological equation was developed. The resulting equation is the determinant for the shear stress within the suspension as a function of the velocity gradient. The developed program has been used to calculate coefficients of rheological equations for three variants of solid concentration in feed which correspond to the minimum, average and maximum for hydrocyclone used in the research (400 g/l, 500 g/l and 700 g/l respectively). Then, using the Ansys Fluent software, the multiphase classification modeling problem in the hydrocyclone was solved, resulting in shear rate profiles in the cross-section of the apparatus, from which the conditions necessary for the suspension to reach a fully dispersed state were concluded. It was determined that solid concentration 400 g/l is the optimum value that ensures maximum dispersion of the mineral slurry.
Laser-Micro/Nanofabricated 3D Polymers for Tissue Engineering Applications

Laser-Micro/Nanofabricated 3D Polymers for Tissue Engineering Applications A multi-photon polymerization system has been designed based on a pulsed irradiation light source (diode-pumped solid state femtosecond laser Yb:KGW, 300 fs, 1030 nm, 1-200 kHz) in combination with large working area and high precision linear motor driven stages (100×100×50 mm3). The system is intended for high resolution and throughput 3D micro- and nanofabrication and enables manufacturing the polymeric templates up to 1 cm2 areas with sub-micrometer resolution. These can be used for producing 3D artificial polymeric scaffolds to be applied for growing cells, specifically, in the tissue engineering. The bio-compatibility of different acrylate, hybrid organic-inorganic and biodegradable polymeric materials is evaluated experimentally in vitro. Variously sized and shaped polymeric scaffolds of biocompatible photopolymers with intricate 3D geometry were successfully fabricated. Proliferation tests for adult rabbit myogenic stem cells have shown the applicability of artificial scaffolds in biomedicine practice. Ar Lāzeru Izgatavotie Mikro/Nano 3d Polimēri Pielietošanai Audu Inženierijā Šajā darbā mēs izveidojām un pielietojām multi-fotonu polimerizācijas sistēmu, kuras pamatā ir impulsa apstarošanas gaismas avots (diode-pumped solid state femtosecond laser Yb:KGW, 300 fs, 1030 nm, 100-200 kHz) kombinācijā ar lielu darba zonu un augstas precizitātes lineāro motoru vadāmiem posmiem (100×100×50 mm3). Šī sistēma ir paredzēta augstas izšķirtspējas un efektivitātes 3D mikro-nanofabrikācijai un ļauj ražot polimēru paliktņus līdz 1 cm2 platībai ar sub-mikrometru izšķirtspēju. To var izmantot, lai ražotu 3D mākslīgo polimēru veidnes, kas pielietojamas šūnu izaugsmei audu inženierijā. Dažādu akrilātu, hibrīdu organisko-neorganisko un bio-sadalāmo polimēru materiālu bio-savietojamība tiek vērtēta eksperimentāli in vitro. Veiksmīgi tika izgatavotas visdažādāko izmēru un formu polimēru veidnes no bio-saderīgiem fotopolimēriem ar sarežgītu 3D geometriju. Pieaugušo trušu miogeno cilmes šūnu proliferācijas testi parāda, ka mākslīgās veidnes ir piemērojamas biomedicīnas praksē.
Full field EUV lithography: lessons learned on EUV ADT imaging, EUV resist and EUV reticles

One of the main experimental setups for EUV lithography is the ASML EUV Alpha-Demo Tool (ADT), which achieves the first full-field EUV exposures at a wavelength of 13.6nm and a numerical aperture of 0.25. We report on the assessment of the baseline imaging performance of the ADT installed at IMEC, and review the work done in relation to EUV reticles and resists. For the basic imaging performance of the ADT, we have studied 40 LS patterns through dose and focus and at multiple slit positions, to extract exposure latitude and depth of focus. Measurements of reticle CD vs. wafer CD were done to determine the Mask Error Enhancement Factor (MEEF) for dense features. We also discuss the uniformity of the different features across the field, and the factors that influence it. The progress in EUV resist performance has been tracked by screening new materials on the EUV ADT. Promising resist materials have been tested on the ASML ADT and have demonstrated sub 32nm Line/Space and 34nm dense contact hole resolution. One of the main topics related to EUV reticles is reticle defectivity along with reticle defect printability. We have experimentally measured the number of wafer defects that repeat from die-to-die after reticle exposure on the ADT. To examine the wafer signature of the repeating defects, a SEM-based defect review is then conducted. We have used rigorous simulations to show that the defect signature on wafer can correspond to a relatively large ML defect, which can print as a hollow feature.
Novel Design of an Ocean Wave Power Device

The paper presents a novel device for capturing the energy of sea-waves and the construction of its model for conducting test in a towing-tank. The paper also presents the research program and general analyses on selecting the hull form and systems of anchoring and propulsion. In addition, it includes remarks and observations gathered following initial tests and measurements of the device operating in regular wave conditions.
Briefing: FRP railway decking - Calder Viaduct

This paper describes the first known application of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for structural re-decking of a railway bridge for full railway and derailment load. Calder Viaduct crosses the River Calder near Sellafield in Cumbria. The original bridge comprised three spans of half-through-type steel girders with timber decking and ballasted rail, constructed in 1922. Due to the coastal location of the viaduct, significant corrosion of the steelwork and deterioration of the timber decking had occurred. This type of timber railway decking on a metallic supporting superstructure is common throughout the UK. The structure was chosen by Network Rail for a pilot project for replacement of the timber decking with FRP composite materials. The chosen FRP decking solution comprised a standard pultruded glass-fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) deck with bonded and bolted GFRP top plate for ballast retention and wear resistance. Other types of FRP deck, such as bonded FRP pultruded sections and bespoke vac.
Induction duality: primal-dual search for invariants

Many invariant inference techniques reason simultaneously about states and predicates, and it is well-known that these two kinds of reasoning are in some sense dual to each other. We present a new formal duality between states and predicates, and use it to derive a new primal-dual invariant inference algorithm. The new induction duality is based on a notion of provability by incremental induction that is formally dual to reachability, and the duality is surprisingly symmetric. The symmetry allows us to derive the dual of the well-known Houdini algorithm, and by combining Houdini with its dual image we obtain primal-dual Houdini, the first truly primal-dual invariant inference algorithm. An early prototype of primal-dual Houdini for the domain of distributed protocol verification can handle difficult benchmarks from the literature.
Atlantic Forest meeting Cerrado: floristic, structure, and species distribution of an ecotonal tree community

We evaluated the floristic and structural composition of a tree community in an ecotone between Cerrado (cerradão) and Atlantic Forest (seasonal semideciduous forest) domains located in Porto Ferreira State Park (PFSP), southeastern Brazil. We compared the floristic relationships of this ecotone with those of previous surveys carried out on the same vegetation types and checked the species distribution among the Brazilian biomes. We sampled all living trees with PBH>10 cm in 64 10x10 m plots (0.64 ha), totaling 1,755 individuals belonging to 101 species and 37 families. The richest families were Myrtaceae (13 spp.) and Fabaceae (11 spp.), and Siparuna guianensis was the most abundant species (188 individuals). We reported two threatened species. A great number of species are widely distributed, occurring in different Brazilian biomes. Floristic similarity values were low among the selected studies, but our sampled community clustered with communities of cerradão and ecotone areas of previous surveys. Our results corroborate that ecotonal areas have great tree diversity and the predominance of widely distributed species. This fact, combined with the vegetation thickening verified through historical photographs, reinforces that the study area belongs to an under-changing ecotone.
Optimum Power Flow for Systems with Area Interchange Controls

In this paper, the hourly operating cost of an interconnected power system constrained by prescribed area interchanges is minimized. The scheduled area interchanges act as constraining equations in the economic optimization procedure. The hourly cost minimization is performed with respect to active and reactive generation and is subjected to constraints on voltage and power flows. This minimization is carried out under several assumptions, notably: optimum operation of some area k of the interconnected system, optimum economic operation of the whole system with the interchange constraints satisfied, and optimum operation of the whole system with the interchange constraints disregarded for increased overall economy. These three assumptions are encountered in the operation of power pools. A numerical example involving a 30-node system, real and reactive power with adjustable transformers and three areas is solved by two optimization procedures: the Penalty Function method and the Generalized Reduced Gradient. A system equivalent that includes the effect of the area interchange controllers upon the flow is developed.
Outage performance of two-hop multi-antenna co-operative relaying in Rayleigh fading channel

Performance of co-operative relaying employing infrastructure based fixed relays having multiple antennas has been investigated. A closed-form expression of outage probability for such a system has been derived when the relay performs selection combining and the destination performs MRC combining of signals. The effect of relay placement on the system performance has also been studied.
Water productivity and crop production simulation under surge flow irrigation in short furrows in Egypt

This paper describes the simulation results of water productivity and yield production in relation to water supply by either continuous or surge flow irrigation in short fields for clay and sandy soils in Egypt. The input data required by the Cropwat model are meteorological data, plant and soil characteristics and water supply. The meteorological data for the year 1999 were obtained from the Assiut Station, Egypt. Cotton was used as the most important crop for the simulation and its growing characteristics come from the Cropwat model. Soil characteristics and water supply are measured data obtained from field experiments in Assiut. During the simulation all the parameters considered have been kept constant except for the water supply and application efficiency, which are variable. The yield has been determined with Cropwat at the beginning, middle and the end of a furrow as well as for the average stored water depth along the whole furrow. The simulation has been carried out for two different approaches; one based on optimal continuous flow and the other based on optimal surge flow irrigation.
A Penetrable Dielectric Waveguide with Periodically Varying Circular Cross Section

For a penetrable dielectric waveguide with a periodically varying circular cross section, the modes that are exponentially decreasing in the cladding are considered. Their axial wavenumbers are determined by the null field approach and some plots are given showing their frequency dependence. From the numerical results, it is observed that two modes propagating in opposite directions interact destructively when the real parts of their axial wavenumbers differ by a multiple of the wavenumber of the corrugations. Both an upper and a lower cutoff frequency exists above (below) which only leaky modes exist.
Representing Mesoscale Variability in Superparameterized Climate models

In atmospheric modeling, superparameterization has gained popularity as a technique to improve cloud and convection representations in large scale models by coupling them locally to cloud-resolving models. We show how the diﬀerent representations of cloud water in the local and the global models in superparameterization lead to a suppression of cloud advection and ultimately to a systematic underrepresentation of the cloud amount in the large scale model. We demonstrate this phenomenon in a regional superparameterization experiment with the global model OpenIFS coupled to the local model DALES (the Dutch Atmospheric Large Eddy Simulation), as well as in an idealized setup, where the large-scale model is replaced by a simple advection scheme. To mitigate the problem of suppressed cloud advection, we propose a scheme where the spatial variability of the local model’s total water content is enhanced in order to achieve the correct cloud condensate amount.
Identification of the New Type of G-Quadruplex with Multiple Vacant Sites in Human Telomeric DNA

To date, few studies have reported on the folding mechanism of tandem G-quadruplexes in human telomeric DNA. Hence, the control of the biofunctions of G-quadruplex, which requires a thorough understanding of its dynamic behavior, is limited. Here, we investigated the folding/unfolding behavior of human telomeric sequences with lengths over 10 kilonucleotide (knt) by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, UV melting assay, and atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single-molecule force spectroscopy. A novel G-quadruplex with multiple vacant sites was captured in the long human telomeric DNA and denoted as pre-G-quadruplex (preGQ). According to the number of vacant sites, preGQ is divided into two types (four vacant sites in type 1 and two vacant sites in type 2), among which type 1 is the dominant one. The unfolding force of a tandem pre-GQ was 10 pN lower than that of a complete G-quadruplex, suggesting the destabilized structure of the tandem pre-GQ due to its incompletely folded state. Our results revealed that the folding of longtelomere G-strand could be achieved by a two-step process involving fast transition (in seconds) from unstructured ssDNA to tandem G-hairpin states and slow folding of free guanines into the vacant sites in tetraplex to generate type 1 pre-GQ, type 2 pre-GQ, or complete GQ.
Hierarchical control of automotive electric power steering system and anti-lock brake system: theory and experiment

This paper studies integrated control of chassis control systems to achieve the goal of functional integration of the control systems. A two-layer hierarchical control architecture is developed for integrated control of Electric Power Steering (EPS) system and Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS). The upper-layer controller is designed to coordinate the interactions between the EPS system and the ABS. In the lower layer, the two controllers including the EPS system and the ABS are designed independently to achieve their local control objectives. Both a simulation investigation and an on-vehicle experimental study are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical control system. Simulation results show that the system is able to improve the lateral stability of the vehicle, and at the same time ensure the steering agility and braking performance of the vehicle. Moreover, on-vehicle experiment results conform to the simulation results.
71.3: Flat‐Panel‐Display System Based on Interference Modulation for Both Intensity and Color

A novel flat‐pane‐display based on interference modulation for both intensity and color is presented. The system has the potential to sextuple the optical efficiency of the current TFT‐LCD technology, and an improved configuration can achieve comparable display quality as that of TFT‐LCD, enabling it as a promising display solution to handheld devices.
Effect of EGCG Application on Collagen Degradation in Dentine Caries

Caries progress might be controlled when collagen matrix could be preserved after demineralization. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of EGCG, a major polyphenol of green tea, on changes in loss of dry weight or solubilization of collagen from demineralized dentin sections. Dentin sections (1mm×5mm×5mm) were completely exposed to the acetic acid solution to form dentine caries. After baseline measurements of dry mass, the samples were divided into 2 groups and incubated at 37°C in either media containing EGCG or artificial saliva only for 24h, 3 days, 1 week, 2 week and 3 weeks. Following hydrolyzed with HCl, hydroxyproline (HOP) as an index of solubilization of collagen was analysed quantitatively. Both the storage medium and the storage time showed significant effects on mass loss and HOP release (p < 0.05). The incubation in EGCG resulted in relatively rapid and significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the amounts of mass loss. The HOP content of the experimental media also increased with incubation time but was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in the control artificial saliva medium. It can be concluded that EGCG can inhibit collagen degradation and affects the further demineralization in dentin matrix, which consequently inhibits the advanced dentine caries.
Reconciliation of Excess Circuit Data Using Spreadsheet Tools

Mass balances are an effective method for evaluating the reliability of experimental test data obtained from coal preparation plants. Although conceptually very simple, the mathematics associated with this procedure can be overwhelming when conflicting data sets or complex circuits are evaluated. Fortunately, modern spreadsheet programs now include powerful minimization routines that can be readily adapted to solve common mass balance problems. This article reviews the mass balance problem and describes how embedded spreadsheet tools can be used to reconcile conflicting data. An example problem involving the evaluation of data from a spiral-flotation circuit is presented to illustrate the inherent simplicity of this new approach to solving mass balance problems.
Performance comparison of virtual cellular manufacturing with functional and cellular layouts in DRC settings

This study investigates the performance of virtual cellular manufacturing (VCM) systems, comparing them with functional layouts (FL) and traditional, physical cellular layout (CL), in a dual-resource-constrained (DRC) system context. VCM systems employ logical cells, retaining the process layouts of job shops. Part family-based scheduling rules are applied to exploit the benefits of group technology while retaining the flexibility and functional synergies of the job shop. Past studies of VCM have been based entirely on single-resource-constrained (SRC) systems, i.e. as purely machine-limited systems, assuming that resources such as labour and tooling do not restrict the output. However, given the fact that labour forms a second major constraining resource, and many of the advantages associated with cellular manufacturing are derived from labour flexibility, it becomes necessary to extend the research to DRC systems. In this study, we assume several levels of labour flexibility in all three systems, in addition to other relevant factors such as lot size, set-up reduction, and labour assignment rules. It is shown that VCM can outperform efficiently operated FL and CL in certain parameter ranges, as preliminary research has shown so far. However, it is shown that CL tends to outperform both VCM and FL in the parameter ranges customarily advocated for CL, namely, low lot sizes, adequate levels of set-up reduction, cross training of workers, and worker mobility within cells.
Some deficiencies in optimal power flow

Optimal power flow programs have deficiencies that limit their practical value and scope of application. Three of these deficiencies are: (1) the use of equivalents causes errors, (2) the methods for adjusting discrete variables are suboptimal; and (3) the number of control actions is too large to be executed. These deficiencies are explained, and approaches for correcting them are discussed. >