Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Composition of an Essential Oil from Agonis fragrans J.R. Wheeler et N.G.Marchant

Abstract The leaf essential oils of Agonis fragrans, isolated by steam distillation and solvent extraction, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major components identified in five of the six samples investigated were 1,8-cineole (28%-34% and 12%-26%, respectively) and α-pinene (14%-28 % and 12%-18% respectively). The remaining sample was almost devoid of 1, 8-cineole (1% in oil and 0% in extract) with higher concentrations of α-pinene (22% and 39%), linalool (25% and 18%) and (+)-(1S, 5R)-myrtenol (20% and 12% respectively). The compositional variation within the species indicated that a breeding project could identify and use the best composition for commercial development.
The theory of ionisation measurements in gases at high pressures

The columnar theory developed by Jaffé to account for the recombination of ions in alpha particle tracks is extended to beta rays by taking account of the clusters of secondary ionisation. Reasonable agreement is obtained with experiment. Recombination in proton tracks produced in hydrogen by neutrons is shown to be in agreement with the columnar theory, but in the case of nitrogen nuclear tracks in nitrogen the recombination is only a hundredth of that predicted by the theory. An explanation of this effect is advanced, and it is suggested that recombination is likely to be abnormally small for all heavy nuclei of velocities not exceeding 5 × 108 cm. per sec. An experimental determination of the coefficient of recombination of ions in nitrogen and hydrogen at pressures of 20, 40 and 90 atmospheres is reported. My thanks are due to Dr Chadwick for interest in this work, and to Dr Gray and Dr Tarrant for advice on the experimental technique of high pressure ionisation measurements. I am indebted also to the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research for a maintenance grant.
Reactive Ion Etching of GaInP , GaAs , and AlGaAs

We have investigated the reactive ion etching of GaInP, GaAs, and AlGaAs. High etching selectivity of GaAs to AlGaAs (or to GaInP) can be achieved due to the formation of aluminum fluoride (AlF 3 ) and indium fluoride (InF 3 ) using a BCl 3 /SF 6 mixture. By using a CH 4 /H 2 mixture, a polymer film is accumulated on the GaAs surface after reactive ion etching. This polymer film inhibits the reactive ion etching of GaAs. There is no polymer film accumulated on the surface of GaInP. The polymer deposited on the surface of GaInP is removed as the etching products are being removed. Hence, a high etching selectivity of GaInP to GaAs can be achieved by using a CH 4 /H 2 mixture
ADSORPTION OF CO2 AND AR ON GLASS SURFACES. COMPUTER SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Isotherms of adsorption of CO2 and Ar are simulated by the grand canonical Monte Carlo on four model surfaces of amorphous silica. The surfaces designated A through D differ progressively in their degree of annealing, A being an unannealed, nonequilibrium surface and D being the most extensively annealed. The gas–gas interaction potentials for both gases were taken from the literature and the gas–solid interactions were modeled by applying Lorentz–Berthelot combining rules to the gas–gas potentials plus the TTAM representation of the atom–atom interactions in the solid. The simulated isotherms of Ar on surfaces A and D are close to each other and to the experimental isotherm for nonporous silica. In contrast, the simulated isotherms and isosteric heats of adsorption of CO2 on these surfaces differ considerably from each other. This leads to the conclusion that argon adsorption is not sensitive to the changes in surface structure that occur during annealing, but CO2 is. Since these gases differ considerabl.
NOVEL METHOD FOR MEASURING 3-D NANOMETER SCALE VIBRATIONAL MOTION USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY A Thesis by PETRAL ABONGYA ABONG

II DEDICATION . IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . V CONTRIBUTORS AND FUNDING SOURCES . VI NOMENCLATURE . VII TABLE OF CONTENTS . VIII LIST OF FIGURES . X LIST OF TABLES . XI CHAPTER
Growth, Structure and Optical Properties of Silicon Nanowires Formed by Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching

Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) formed by metal(silver)-assisted chemical etching of lowly boron-doped (100)-oriented single crystalline silicon substrates in hydrofluoric acid solutions are investigated by means of the electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy (absorption and reflection measurements, photoluminescence spectroscopy and imaging). The growth rate of SiNWs is found to depend nonlinearly on the time of etching. The formed SiNW arrays demonstrate a strong decrease of the total reflectance below 1% in the full visible and near infrared region between 300 and 1000 nm and the samples show the similar optical properties as “Black Silicon,” which can be used as antireflection coating in photovoltaic applications. The prepared SiNWs exhibit efficient photoluminescence in the spectral region of 600–1000 nm and it is explained by the radiative recombination of excitons confined within nanostructured sidewall of SiNWs. The excitons luminescence is also observed in aqueous suspensions of SiNWs, whose application in bio-imaging is demonstrated in vitro.
Human Capital Investment: The Datai Sets a Risky Example

Human capital investment is important for service firms that provide personalised services, for example, luxury hotels. Hotels in Langkawi claim that they conduct continuous training. The extent of the training is just sufficient to fulfil the Ministry of Human Resources training requirements. Rarely do businesses spend above the minimum requirement. This is especially true in the hotel industry, an industry that many perceive as a stepping stone in building their careers. This makes it significant to conduct and in-depth interview with the master minds of The Datai Investing in People (DIP) training programme. The purpose of the interviews is to investigate how human capital investment is carried out in the hotel industry. Furthermore, the fact that covid-19 spreads around the world only a year after the “new” Datai reopens makes it seems riskier as it is very doubtful that the hotel will get the expected returns from its investment. The findings of this study may enhance understanding of human capital investment in the hotel industry as it provides in-depth explanation of how The Datai invests in its human capital. The finding will also bridge the gap between theory and practice as it enhances understanding of why many hotels choose to limit their human capital investment. The Datai’s sacrifice makes it clear why it has remained as the employer of choice
Morphology and Raman Spectra of Engine-Emitted Particulates

The morphology and nanostructure of soot from different engines were studied. The soot samples were collected from a 1.9 L Volkswagen light-duty diesel (LDD) engine for two different fuel types [ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD) and B20] and six speed/load combinations, as well as from a heavy-duty engine using a pilot-ignited high-pressure direct-injection (HPDI) natural-gas combustion system for three different speed/load combinations. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to investigate the soot morphology by using alternative fractal measurement methods. The fractal dimensions (Df ) were computed from the scaling of the projected aggregate dimensions with the number of primary particles (“LW” method) and two-dimensional pair correlation functions. For the soot collected from the LDD, it was found that the fractal dimensions are independent of fuel type, while a higher engine load slightly decreased Df . The soot produced by the HPDI exhibited a similar correlation between Df and engine load. The fractal dimension of the engine-emitted soot was measured in a range of 1.70–1.85 and the fractal prefactor kfLW of 1.08–1.39. Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize the soot nanostructure based on the degree of microstructural disorder. The Raman spectral analysis was done using two-band (“G” at ∼1578 and “D” at ∼1340 cm−1) and five-band (G, D1, D2, D3, and D4 at about 1580, 1350, 1500, 1620, and 1200 cm−1 respectively) combinations. For the soot sampled from the LDD, the results from both methods showed that B20 soot exhibited a greater structural disorder. Likewise, the Raman analysis of the soot from both engines also showed that the increase in engine load condition caused increases in the degree of the structural order of soot. The use of either D/G ratio or D1 width cannot distinguish between the HPDI and the LDD soot. However, on a plot of D/G versus D1, the data fall into distinct clusters. This may indicate the importance of using more than two spectral parameters to characterize the soot samples.
Identification of the C̃ State of Ammonia by Electron Impact Spectroscopy

The relative intensities of the B ← X and C ← X transitions in ammonia have been measured by electron impact spectroscopy. Spectra were obtained for electrons of 90‐ and 250‐eV incident energies with scattering angles of 0° to 3°. Analysis of the relative intensities, in conjunction with the ultraviolet data previously reported by Douglas, indicates that the C state is a separate excited electronic state of ammonia, identified by the term symbol 1A1′.
Impact of the extraction method on physico-chemical proprieties, phytochemicals and biological activity of sesame seeds oil

This study aimed at characterizing oil extracted from roasted and unroastedsesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) following either Soxhlet using hexane as thesolvent or cold pressing. We obtained an inverse relationship between oil yieldand seed moisture content. Seed roasting as well as Soxhlet extraction improvedoil yield. Specific absorptivity (at 232 and 270 nm) increased with heatingtreatment. Refractive values of the different oils were about 1.464. Peroxide valuewas 7.6 to 9.6 meq O2/kg, iodine value was 107-109g I2/100g, saponificationvalue obtained was 188 to 190 mg KOH/g, oleic and linoleic acids were about 42and 40%, respectively. Total phenolic contents were 8 (USO-CE) to 17 mg/100 ml(RSO-SE). Roasting process increased the antioxidant contents and activities(DPPH scavenging and reducing power). The antibacterial activity of sesame oilrevealed the inhibition of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth.Sesame oil presents interesting physicochemical characteristics and antioxidantproperties that can be improved by roasting the seeds before extraction.
Calcium and phosphorus in medicine and treatment.

Calcium and phosphorus are essential for skeletal mineralization and perform a wide array of other biological functions. Calcium is a prime intracellular signalling molecule. It is also involved in muscle contractions (including the myocardium), digestion and blood coagulation. (THEOBALD 2005) Phosphorus is an intrinsic constituent of many organic substances such as nucleotides, nucleosides, phosphoamino acids and proteins, phospholipids, phosphoglycans and others (HUANG, MOE 2011). In addition, it plays a critical role in cellular signalling through phosphorylation of proteins and other substances (SHAIKH et al. 2008). The present paper focuses on the role of these two elements in skeletal mineralization, and their use in treatment and medicine. First, it briefly discusses the calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, which occurs in three major organs: kidneys, intestines and bones, and involves an integrated hormonal system which maintains their normal serum levels. Moreover, disorders relevant to their abnormally high levels, hypercalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia, and excessively low levels, hypocalcaemia and hypophosphataemia, are described. Additionally, the physiology and pathology of bone as a prime store of both calcium and phosphorus are presented. Adequate intakes of these nutrients are essential for achieving the peak bone mass (PBM). A negative balance results from age-related bone loss, hence possible osteoporosis. This skeletal disorder is characterized by compromised bone strength, thus predisposing to an increased risk of fractures. One of the pharmacological interventions used in the treatment of osteoporosis is the administration of bisphosphonates. They inhibit the action of osteoclasts, prevent further bone losses and improve it strength (FERRONE, GERACI 2007). In the final part of the article, calcium phosphate basedceramics, such as coralline hydroxyapatite, calcium hydroxyapatite (HAp), tri-calcium phosphate (TCP), bioglass, calcium phosphate cements (CPC) and their clinical applications are described.
Characterization of water‐soluble organic compounds in atmospheric aerosol: A new approach

A new methodological approach is proposed to characterize aerosol water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC). Real aerosol and fog water samples were subjected to a procedure based on a combination of Chromatographic separations, functional group investigation by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (HNMR), and total organic carbon determination. The complex mixture of aerosol/fog WSOC was separated by a Chromatographic procedure into three main classes of compounds: (1) neutral/basic compounds; (2) mono- and di-carboxylic acids; (3) polyacidic compounds. Characterization by HNMR spectroscopy showed that fraction 1 is mainly composed of polyols or polyethers, fraction 2 is mainly composed of hydroxylated aliphatic acidic compounds, while fraction 3 is composed of highly unsaturated polyacidic compounds of predominantly aliphatic character, with a minor content of hydroxyl- groups. Quantitative data on the three classes of compounds were then derived from total organic carbon analysis, showing that the three separated fractions together account for 77% (in terms of C) of the total WSOC concentration of a fog water sample. Further quantitative information on the functional groups present in the three separated fractions can be obtained from HNMR spectra. This newly proposed approach to aerosol WSOC characterization provides comprehensive and synthetic information on aerosol organic composition which can be helpful for modeling purposes and is also particularly useful when aerosol chemical mass closure is pursued.
Spectroscopy and Dynamics of Nanometer-Sized Noble Metal Particles

Electron−phonon coupling in 11 ± 2 nm diameter Au particles and 10 ± 3 nm and 50 ± 10 nm Ag particles has been examined by ultrafast pump−probe spectroscopy. The observed relaxation times are strongly dependent on the pump laser power. At the lowest pump powers used, the time constants for relaxation are 0.8 ± 0.1 ps for the 11 nm Au particles, 1.1 ± 0.1 ps for the 10 nm Ag particles, and 1.0 ± 0.1 ps for the 50 nm Ag particles. The measured relaxation times are similar to those for bulk metals, which implies that there are no size-dependent effects in the dynamics for particles in this size region. The transient absorption/bleach recovery signals for the particles were modeled using the theory developed by Rosei et al. (Surf. Sci. 1973, 37, 689). These calculations yield the transient absorption spectrum as a function of the temperature of the electron distribution. The time dependence of the electronic temperature after pump laser excitation was calculated using the two-temperature model for electron−ph.
Environmental Transformations in Hydrophobicity of TiO2 P-25 Nanoparticles in Alsea River Waters

approved:_____________________________________________________ Stacey Harper Hydrophobic titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are prevalent in industry and manufacturing. They are known for their white pigmentation, are found in sunscreens, paints, cosmetics, and are frequently used in wastewater treatment. Understanding the physicochemical properties of TiO2 P-25 NPs, such as hydrophobicity, are essential when determining their fate, transport, and impact in natural systems. Standard methods of testing hydrophobicity (i.e. contact angle or octanol water partitioning) are ineffective for NPs. Dye binding assays with hydrophilic and hydrophobic dyes may offer an effective alternative comparable to Kow; through the ratio of linear adsorption slopes (β), β(hydrophobic dye)/(hydrophilic dye). Four water samples from varying locations along the Alsea River were collected and incubated with TiO2 P-25 NPs. A dye assay utilizing known hydrophilic (Nile Blue) and hydrophobic (Rose Bengal) dyes was used to characterize the hydrophobicity of the NPs after incubation. It was found that TiO2 P-25 NPs, which are known to be hydrophobic in ultrapure water, are hydrophilic in brackish wasters close to the coast. Significant differences in TiO2 P-25 NP hydrophobicity (p≤0.05) were observed after incubation in all four water samples when compared to Milli-Q water results.
Short-term responses of Brassica rapa plants to low root temperature: Effects on nitrate uptake and its translocation to the shoot

Brassica rapa L. plants were grown hydroponically for 5 or 6 weeks at 20°C and then half batches of plants were transferred to tanks in which the root temperature was lowered decrementally over 1 h to 7°C. Changes in nitrate uptake rate (NUR) and nitrate transfer from roots were studied in relation to transpiration and root pressure xylem exudation flow rates over a 48- or 72-h period. The response of plants following the root temperature decrease was biphasic. During phase 1, NUR and water and solute flow rates through the root decreased sharply. Coping mechanisms came into operation during phase 2, and tended to offset the effects of low temperature. The 3-h cold-treated roots exhibited a very low NUR but 48-h cold-treated roots partly recovered their ability to absorb nitrate. Transpiration rate decreased more slowly (during 24 h) than both root xylem exudation and parameters of root conductivity (during 6 h). Beyond these respective times, transpiration rate was balanced while root xylem exudation clearly increased, but without returning to the level of control plants. Nitrate transfer to the root xylem was strongly and rapidly affected by low root temperature, but the subsequent readjustment was such that no or little difference compared with the control was apparent after 48 h. Water and solute flows were strongly decreased when nitrate was replaced by chloride in the culture solution during exudation sampling. The major role of nitrate in root hydraulic conductivity and root xylem exudation is discussed.
Variables affecting the methylation reactions of cellulose

Solubility of methyl cellulose (MC) depends on the degree of substitution (DS), the average degree of polymerization (DP), and the distribution of methoxyl groups. Of these, the DS appears to be the most important. The DS of the MC depends on the conditions of preparation. The conditions studied in this work revealed that the DS of the MC increased as the concentration of sodium hydroxide increased from 10 to 50%. This result is attributed to the increase in the extent of formation of alkali cellulose II as a result of the increase in the alkali concentration and hence the increase of the DS of the MC. Decreasing both the ratio of dimethyl sulfate: cellulose and the liquor ratio increased the DS. High DS was achieved within a period of 2 and 3 h. However, the DS increased as the time increased. The decrease of the DS as the liquor ratio increased may be attributed to the sol–gel transition due to the interaction of the hydrophobic methoxyl groups within the polymer chains. To reveal the effect of the thermal sol–gel transition, the reaction was carried out in nonaqueous medium and the results obtained showed an increase of the DS with the increase of the solvent ratio until a maximum. This result may be contributed to the breakdown of the hydrogen bonding in the presence of solvents that transfer the reaction medium to the sol-form and hence more methylating reaction takes place. The degree of the solvation of the methyl groups into the solvents also plays a role. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Renieramycins E and F from the sponge Reniera sp.: reassignment of the stereochemistry of the renieramycins

Isolement de deux composes tres instables, les renieramycines E (14) et F (15) et proposition que les structures des renieramycines A-D (5-8) soient transformees en 16-19 dans lesquelles la stereochimie est identique a celle des soframycines
Propylene Oxidation on Copper Oxide Surfaces: Electronic and Geometric Contributions to Reactivity and Selectivity

Cu2O is an efficient catalyst in the partial oxidation of propylene to acrolein, while propylene oxidation on CuO leads to complete combustion. The interaction of propylene at elevated temperature (>300 K) and elevated pressure (5 Torr) with cuprous and cupric oxide has been investigated with core level XPS, resonant photoemission, and temperature-programmed desorption. Reduction of the copper oxide surfaces was examined as a function of temperature and revealed that cupric oxide has a greater reactivity toward propylene oxidation than cuprous oxide (Ea = 5.9 versus 11.5 kcal/mol for cuprous oxide (24.7 and 48.1 kJ/mol)). This variable temperature oxidation of propylene was also monitored via core level and resonant photoemission and was found to occur by a similar mechanism on both surfaces. Reaction at lower temperature produces a surface intermediate which exhibits carbon 1s XPS peaks at 284.0 and 285.5 eV binding energy in a 2:1 intensity ratio. This is consistent with an allyl alkoxide surface specie.
Numerical Investigation of the Plasma-Assisted MILD Combustion of a CH4/H2 Fuel Blend Under Various Working Conditions

The effects of plasma injection upon MILD combustion of a mixture of methane and hydrogen are investigated numerically. The injected plasma includes the flow of a highly air-diluted methane including C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, CH, CH2, CH3, CO, and CO2. The results show that among all the constitutes of plasma, CH3 is the most effective in improving the characteristics of MILD combustion. Injection of this radical leads to the occurrence of reactions at a closer distance to the burner inlet and thus provides longer time for completion of combustion. Further, mass fractions of OH, CH2O, and HCO are considerably affected by the injections of CH3, indicating structural modifications of the reacting flow. Importantly, as Reynolds number of the plasma flow increases, the volume and width of the flame decrease, while the formations of prompt and thermal NOx are intensified. However, injection of CH3, as plasma, reduces the emission of thermal NOx.
One-Dimensional Arrangements of Metal Nanoclusters†

A promising route to strictly one-dimensional arrangements of Au55(PPh3)12Cl6 clusters is described. On the basis of the successful generation of ordered two-dimensional cluster architectures by self-assembly processes at the phase boundary between water and dichloromethane, the formation of single cluster rows could be initiated by dilution effects. Concentrations of 0.5 μg/L of isooctyl-substituted poly(paraphenylenethinylen) (PPE-i-octyl) in CH2Cl2 lead to thin bundles of the polymer molecules that are partially decorated with a few, but also with single, rows of the [Au55] quantum dots and that can be collected from the water surface after evaporation of the dichloromethane. TEM investigations have been applied to characterize the hybrid systems.
Seguretat en aplicacions web - Generació de claus criptogràfiques amb la veu

In past years, computer security has become a very important asset for companies. There are many methods to protect access to a web application. Some of them however have ceased to be reliable or are too diﬃcult for the user to be used. This is why many companies have explored the use of biometrics in order to identify the users in front of a web application. This work focuses on voice recognition as a method of identiﬁcation. It starts from the state of the art in order to create an algorithm capable of generating a cryptographic key from the voice. Finally an application is developed that uses this algorithm as a method of identiﬁcation.