Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypertensive Crisis in Pediatric Patients: An Overview

Hypertensive crisis can be a source of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. While the epidemiology has been difficult to pinpoint, it is well-known that secondary causes of pediatric hypertension contribute to a greater incidence of hypertensive crisis in pediatrics. Hypertensive crisis may manifest with non-specific symptoms as well as distinct and acute symptoms in the presence of end-organ damage. Hypertensive emergency, the form of hypertensive crisis with end-organ damage, may present with more severe symptoms and lead to permanent organ damage. Thus, it is crucial to evaluate any pediatric patient suspected of hypertensive emergency with a thorough workup while acutely treating the elevated blood pressure in a gradual manner. Management of hypertensive crisis is chosen based on the presence of end-organ damage and can range from fast-acting intravenous medication to oral medication for less severe cases. Treatment of such demands a careful balance between decreasing blood pressure in a gradual manner while preventing damage end-organ damage. In special situations, protocols have been established for treatment of hypertensive crisis, such as in the presence of endocrinologic neoplasms, monogenic causes of hypertension, renal diseases, and cardiac disease. With the advent of telehealth, clinicians are further able to extend their reach of care to emergency settings and aid emergency medical service (EMS) providers in real time. In addition, further updates on the evolving topic of hypertension in the pediatric population and novel drug development continues to improve outcomes and efficiency in diagnosis and management of hypertension and consequent hypertensive crisis.
Core–shell structure PEO/CS nanofibers based on electric field induced phase separation via electrospinning and its application

Core–shell structured PEO-chitosan nanofibers have been produced from electric field inducing phase separation. Chitosan, a positive charged polymer, was dissolved in 50 wt % aqueous acetic acid and the amino group on polycation would protonize, which would endow chitosan electrical properties. Chitosan molecules would move along the direction of the electric field under the electrostatic force and formed the shell layer of nanofibers. Preparation process of core–shell structure is quite simple and efficient without any post-treatment. The core–shell structure and existence of chitosan on the shell layer were confirmed before and after post-treatment by TEM and further supported by SEM, FTIR, XRD, DSC, and XPS studies. Blending ratio of PEO and chitosan, molecular weight of chitosan for the mobility of chitosan are thought to be the key influence factors on formation of core–shell structure. Drug release studies show that the prepared core–shell structure nanofibers has a potential application in the biomedical fields involving drug delivery. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2298–2311
Development of an efficient protocol for high-frequency regeneration system in Hibiscus syriacus L.

A rapid and efficient in vitro regeneration system was established for Hibiscus syriacus L. The successful regeneration protocol employs induction of shoot organogenesis on leaf, petiole, and root explants. Among the various plant growth regulators evaluated, thidiazuron (TDZ) was the most effective for inducing rapid shoot formation. Most efficient shoot regeneration frequency was obtained from Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing 0.01 mg/L TDZ. Regeneration efficiency was highest in the roots, and lowest in the leaves. A combination of 0.01 mg/L TDZ with benzyladenine (BAP) markedly improved the frequency of shoot differentiation from the root (up to 98%) and petiole (up to 88%) explants. Furthermore, leaf and petiole explants showed the highest frequency of shoot induction in half-strength MS media containing 0.01 mg/L TDZ and 1.0 mg/L BAP, while root explants formed the greatest number of shoots when 0.01 mg/L TDZ and 0.1 mg/L BAP were added to half-strength MS media. Although the frequency of shoot differentiation from leaf explants was only 50%, the leaf is considered the most efficient plant organ for use in tissue culture because leaves are easier to obtain than roots and petioles. Our findings show that various organs of H. syriacus can be used for plant regeneration, and the protocol developed in this study may be applicable in the horticulture industry.
Evidence of the Migratory Bat, Pipistrellus nathusii, Aggregating to the Coastlines in the Northern Baltic Sea

Similar to birds, bats also perform long-distance migration between their breeding and wintering sites. In Northern Europe, migratory bat species are often detected along the coastline of the Baltic Sea particularly during migration seasons in the spring and autumn. In spite of regular monitoring of bat migration at coastal sites, the overall distribution of migratory bats in Northern Europe and variability between sites and seasons are still very poorly known. In this study we used automated bat detectors to compare the activity of migratory bat species between coastal and inland monitoring sites along the west coast of Finland (61.5–61.9°N, 21.3−22.3°E). Our main goal was to test whether the activity of migratory bat species is associated with the coastline or whether these species also occur inland. Of migratory bat species observations, 98.6% were covered by Pipistrellus nathusii, which was detected at all our monitoring sites. The activity of the species decreased rapidly, with increasing distance from the coastline towards inland, indicating a sharp activity gradient along the coastline of the Baltic Sea. Because the activity of P. nathusii occurred in migration season and no similar spatial pattern was detected among sedentary species, our results suggest that the aggregation of P. nathusii at the coastline is related to migration as such rather than regular foraging behavior of this species. Our study has direct implications to the wind power planning in Northern Europe. Based on our study we conclude that the impact of wind power on both migratory (namely P. nathusii) and sedentary bat species (namely Eptesicus nilssonii) should be taken into account in wind power planning and impact mitigation in Northern Europe, especially if new wind farms are located along the coastline of the Baltic Sea. When the turbines are located further inland, more attention in the planning process should however be given to the sedentary bat E. nilssonii.
Recognition of rust grade and rust ratio of steel structures based on ensembled convolutional neural network

Ensembled convolutional neural network (ECNN) was utilized to recognize the rust grade and rust ratio of steel structure to partially replace traditional visual inspection. The performance of ECNN was demonstrated by theoretical analysis and experimental verification, and the application scenarios of ECNN in the task of rust grade recognition and rust ratio recognition were discussed. The accuracy of ECNN classifier reached 93%, which improves upon the highest accuracy of 90% achieved by using a single classifier. By visualizing the misclassified images, it was found that the rust grade of misclassified image is indistinguishable and the classifiers show strong fault tolerance. The ensembled model is more robust than the single model in the task of rust ratio recognition. Gaussian blur was applied to the test images to study the effect of image blur on model performance, and the results show that the rust segmentation model was not susceptible to image blur.
Wavelet Scattering Transform for ECG Beat Classification

An electrocardiogram (ECG) records the electrical activity of the heart; it contains rich pathological information on cardiovascular diseases, such as arrhythmia. However, it is difficult to visually analyze ECG signals due to their complexity and nonlinearity. The wavelet scattering transform can generate translation-invariant and deformation-stable representations of ECG signals through cascades of wavelet convolutions with nonlinear modulus and averaging operators. We proposed a novel approach using wavelet scattering transform to automatically classify four categories of arrhythmia ECG heartbeats, namely, nonectopic (N), supraventricular ectopic (S), ventricular ectopic (V), and fusion (F) beats. In this study, the wavelet scattering transform extracted 8 time windows from each ECG heartbeat. Two dimensionality reduction methods, principal component analysis (PCA) and time window selection, were applied on the 8 time windows. These processed features were fed to the neural network (NN), probabilistic neural network (PNN), and k-nearest neighbour (KNN) classifiers for classification. The 4th time window in combination with KNN (k = 4) has achieved the optimal performance with an averaged accuracy, positive predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity of 99.3%, 99.6%, 99.5%, and 98.8%, respectively, using tenfold cross-validation. Thus, our proposed model is capable of highly accurate arrhythmia classification and will provide assistance to physicians in ECG interpretation.
Interpretation of anomalous momentum transfer dependences of local chain motion of polymers observed by quasielastic incoherent neutron scattering experiments

It was shown that the anomalous Q K dependence of Δω, the full width at half-maximum, and the non-Lorentzian line shape of S inc (Q,ω) follow as natural consequences of the coupling model. The model predicts correctly the variation of K from polymer to polymer. It also draws attention to a strong correlation between the value of K and the steepness of the variation of the local segmental relaxation time with normalized temperature variables (T-T g )/T g or T g /T
First report of Stemphylium solani causing leaf spot on wild eggplant in China

Abstract Wild eggplant (Solanum torvum) has been used as a rootstock for eggplant propagation in China for decades. In the winter of 2011–2012, a severe disease with typical symptoms of small brown spots was observed on the leaves of wild eggplant in Chengmai County, Hainan Province, China. This disease had an incidence of about 30–65% among all the plants in the region (about 2 hectares in total). The causal pathogen was identified as Stemphylium solani based on morphological features, cultural characteristics and molecular identification. The pathogenicity was confirmed by Koch’s postulates. This is the first report of natural infection by S. solani causing leaf spot on wild eggplant in China.
Characterizing Average-Case Complexity of PH by Worst-Case Meta-Complexity

We exactly characterize the average-case complexity of the polynomial-time hierarchy (PH) by the worst-case (meta-)complexity of GapMINKTPH, i.e., an approximation version of the problem of determining if a given string can be compressed to a short PH-oracle efficient program. Specifically, we establish the following equivalence: \begin{align*} &\text{DistPH}\subseteq \text{AvgP}\ \ (\mathrm{i}.\mathrm{e}.,\ \text{PH}\ \mathrm{is\ easy\ on\ average})\\ \Longleftrightarrow &\text{GapMINKT}^{\text{PH}}\in \mathrm{P}. \end{align*} In fact, our equivalence is significantly broad: A number of statements on several fundamental notions of complexity theory, such as errorless and one-sided-error average-case complexity, sublinear-time-bounded and polynomial-time-bounded Kolmogorov complexity, and PH-computable hitting set generators, are all shown to be equivalent. Our equivalence provides fundamentally new proof techniques for analyzing average-case complexity through the lens of meta-complexity of time-bounded Kolmogorov complexity and resolves, as immediate corollaries, questions of equivalence among different notions of average-case complexity of PH: low success versus high success probabilities (i.e., a hardness amplification theorem for DistPH against uniform algorithms) and errorless versus one-sided-error average-case complexity of PH. Our results are based on a sequence of new technical results that further develops the proof techniques of the author's previous work on the non-black-box worst-case to average-case reduction and unexpected hardness results for Kolmogorov complexity (FOCS'18, CCC'20, ITCS'20, STOC'20). Among other things, we prove the following. 1)$\text{GapMINKT}^{\text{NP}}\in \mathrm{P}$ implies $\mathrm{P}=\text{BPP}$. At the core of the proof is a new black-box hitting set generator construction whose reconstruction algorithm uses few random bits, which also improves the approximation quality of the non-black-box worst-case to average-case reduction without using a pseudorandom generator. 2)$\text{GapMINKT}^{\text{PH}}\in \mathrm{P}$ implies $\text{DistPH}\subseteq \text{AvgBPP}=\text{AvgP}$. 3)If MINKTPH is easy on a $1/\text{poly}(n)$-fraction of inputs, then $\text{GapMINKT}^{\text{PH}}\in \mathrm{P}$. This improves the error tolerance of the previous non-black-box worst-case to average-case reduction. The full version of this paper is available on ECCC.
Understanding DNA repair in Aspergillus nidulans - paving the way for efficient gene targeting

117 Introduction 118 Results 120 nkuAΔradCΔ displays synergistic sensitivity to γ-rays 120 uvsCΔ strains were not sensitive to replication stress by HU 122 ligDΔ is not more sensitive than nkuAΔ to the genotoxins tested 122 Random integration can occur without NkuA and LigD 123 No targeting in the radCΔnkuAΔ and uvsCΔ strains 123 Discussion 124 Materials and methods 128
Targeted disruption of the Grb4 and Nck loci and generation of homozygous null nck mice

Adaptor proteins are a subset of signaling proteins that lack catalytic function. Adaptor proteins of the Grb2 family have been shown to be critical signaling components downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that mediate interactions with other signaling molecules through their protein binding domains. Nck and Grb4, the only known mammalian members of the Nck family, are composed of three amino-terminal SH3 domains followed by a carboxy-terminal SH2 domain. Recent biochemical studies and work undertaken in invertebrates have suggested that this family of adaptors may mediate signaling which regulates the actin cytoskeleton and axon guidance in response to RTK stimulation. To better assess the function of these adaptor proteins in mammalian development, a strategy was undertaken to target a mutation into the genomic loci of both Nck and Grbrl. Targeting of embryonic stem cells and the generation of chimeric animals was successful for both genes. Furthermore, the targeted Nck locus was transmitted into the murine germline allowing the generation of homozygous null nck mice. This targeting strategy also intrcduced the 0-galactosidase reporter gene into the Nck locus. Analysis of the embryonic expression pattern of O-galactosidase indicates that there are restricted regions of the fetal mouse that highly express nck during embryogenesis. The generation of these mice, antibodies that can discern between Nck and Grb4, and fibroblast cell lines lacking Nck resulting from this work will aid in elucidating the in vivo function of Nck and Grb4 in mammalian
The impact of a governmental cash transfer programme on tuberculosis cure rate in Brazil: A quasi-experimental approach

Background Social vulnerability is strongly associated with tuberculosis (TB) indicators like cure rate. By addressing key social determinants, social protection policies such as Brazil’s Bolsa Família Programme (BFP), a governmental conditional cash transfer, may play a role in TB control. Evidence is consolidating around a positive effect of social protection on TB outcomes, however methodological limitations prevent strong conclusions. This paper uses a quasi-experimental approach to more rigorously evaluate the effect of BFP on TB cure rate. Methods & Findings The data source was Brazil’s TB notification system (SINAN), linked to the national registry of those in poverty (CadUnico) and the BFP payroll. Propensity scores (PSs) were estimated from a complete-case logistic regression using covariates from this linked dataset, informed by a directed acyclic graph. Control patients were matched to exposed patients on the PS and the average effect of treatment on the treated (ATT) was estimated as the difference in TB cure rate between matched groups (n = 2167). The ATT was estimated as 10·58 (95% CIs: 4·39, 16·77). This suggests that 10·58% of the TB patients receiving BFP who were cured would not have been cured had they not received BFP. The direction of this effect was robust to sensitivity analyses performed and the PS matching broadly improved balance, although missing data limited the sample size. Conclusions This work is the first quasi-experimental evaluation of social protection in wide-scale practice on TB outcomes. It demonstrates a positive effect of conditional cash transfers on TB cure rate consistent with existing work, suggesting changes to policy and future research on increasing access to social protection for TB patients who remain uncovered by the programme.
Chlorella pyrenoidosa, young barley and fruit peel polyphenols in rat breast cancer model – the effects on plasma lipid metabolism

Abstract On the basis of several preclinical and clinical studies, we have assumed that phytochemicals may play an important role in plasma lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary administered Chlorella pyrenoidosa, young barley and fruit peel polyphenols from Flavin7 on plasma lipid metabolism in breast cancer model in female rats. The phytopharmaceuticals were dietary administered at two different concentrations (0.3% and 3%). The administration of drugs lasted for the whole duration of the experiment (14-15 weeks) until autopsy. At the end of the experiments blood was collected from animals and serum lipid parameters were evaluated. Flavin7 in lower dose significantly decreased LDL-cholesterol and in higher dose significantly decreased triacylglycerol and VLDL-cholesterol levels. Chlorella at the higher dose significantly decreased LDL- and VLDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels. Young barley significantly decreased LDL cholesterol (at the higher dose); on the other hand, a tendency of increased serum triacylglycerol and VLDLcholesterol levels was found (in both doses). Our results pointed to significant beneficial effects of fruit peel polyphenols from Flavin7 and C. pyrenoidosa on plasma lipid metabolism in female rats. Further research is needed to elucidate the health benefits of phytochemicals in whole foods.
Staufen Regulates Eye Development

Despite their undisputed importance to embryonic growth, the role of mRNA transport proteins in the developing visual system has been widely uncharacterized. Through RNA interference, this study aims to discover the function of Staufen 2 (Stau2), an mRNA transport protein, in chick eye development. When Stau2-miRNA was electroporated into the E1.5 primary optic vesicle, two days later they exhibited a reduction of eye size by 47%, whereas control miRNA did not significantly change eye size. TUNEL, β-III tubulin and BrdU staining were used to analyze the retinal apoptotic, differentiation and proliferative levels respectively, in response to Stau2 knockdown. These data suggest that the small eye is a result of a decrease in proliferation, and not cell death or pre-mature differentiation. Rescue experiments were done with each of the three Stau2 isoforms and confirmed both the direct effect of Stau2-miRNA and the involvement of these isoforms in eye development.
Domain problem‐solving expert identification in community question answering

Question‐Answering (Q&A) services provide internet users with platforms to exchange knowledge and ideas. The development of Q&A sites, or Community Question Answering (CQA), mainly depends on the high‐quality content continuously contributed by users with high‐level expertise, who can be recognized as experts. Expert finding is an important task for the authorities of Q&A communities to encourage commitment. In a highly competitive market environment, CQA managers have to take measures to retain and nurture users, especially superior contributors. However, current expertise scoring techniques adopted in CQA often give much credit to very active users and fail to identify real experts. This study aims to develop a robust and practical expert identification framework for Q&A communities, by combining well‐designed expertise scoring technique and probabilistic clustering model. With regard to expert identification, a numerical metric of users' expertise is developed as the optimal expert finding strategy, and a clustering algorithm based on Gaussian‐Gamma mixture model (GGMM) is proposed to efficiently distinguish experts from nonexperts. In the experiments, the proposed method is applied to real‐world datasets collected from subcommunities of Stack Exchange Q&A networks. Results obtained from comparative experiments show that our method achieves better performance than the state‐of‐the‐art methods and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. The analysis shows that the framework which combines the proposed expertise scoring technique and Gaussian–Gamma mixture clustering model is capable of detecting excellent domain problem‐solving experts who exhibit both domain interest and expertise.
Comparative study of haematology of two teleost fish (Mugil cephalus and Carassius auratus) from different environments and feeding habits

Abstract Haematological parameters are valuable indicators of fish health status. This study is aimed to provide baseline data of the blood profile of two teleost fish species living in different environments and with divergent feeding behaviour, namely the flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758, a marine herbivorous fish, and the goldfish Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758), a freshwater omnivorous fish. Using an automated system coupled with flow cytometry and light microscopy, significant variations were found between M. cephalus and C. auratus blood parameters, except for haemoglobin concentration (Hgb). A significant increase in red blood cell count (RBC) and haematocrit (Hct) levels, associated with reduced mean corpuscular volume (MCV), was revealed in mullets in respect to goldfish. These data may be attributable to differences in fish species, or to their divergent physiological activeness as high RBC values are associated with fast movement and high activity with streamlined bodies, or to environmental factors such as water salinity, an increase in which may lead to erythropoiesis as an adaptive process in seawater fish. Additionally, lower values of white blood cell count (WBC) and thrombocyte count (TC) were recorded in mullets with respect to goldfish, and these changes may be due to divergent feeding habits of the two fish species, or to their different environments since increased salinity may inversely affect WBC. Overall, findings from this study provide a better understanding of the influences of divergent environmental conditions and feeding habits on fish blood parameters. The combined use of an automatic haematological count with flow cytometry was demonstrated to be effective for an early assessment of blood parameters in different fish species.