Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘It’s the Same Thing as Giving Them CPR Training’: Rural Emergency Responders Perspectives on Naloxone

Most states in the US have implemented Good Samaritan Laws (GSLs) that provide legal protections for anyone calling law enforcement and first responders trained to administer naloxone and reverse overdoses. Despite these laws, some bystanders are reluctant to call the authorities, prompting requests to increase naloxone access and administration training among lay persons. This study examines the perceptions of emergency first responders in a frontier and remote (FAR) state to understand their job responsibilities and perceptions of layperson naloxone administration training. This study includes 22 interviews with law enforcement, EMS and/or fire personnel, members of community organizations responsible for responding to opioid overdoses. The study finds widespread support for layperson naloxone training and administration throughout Montana due to rural first responders’ inability to meet the needs of residents and an overall lack of resources to address substance use. This study adds to the literature because of it focuses on first responders in a frontier and remote area (FAR) that would benefit from layperson naloxone education and administration training due to its geographic expansiveness and the area’s overall lack of resources. A harm reduction approach that trains laypeople to administer naloxone might be FAR residents’ best chance for survival after an opioid overdose.
3D-Printed Shaped and Material-Optimized Lenses for Next-Generation Spaceborne Wind Scatterometer Weather Radars

Current spaceborne wind scatterometers have shown failure due to mechanical wear from moving parts used to conically scan a directive beam. In order to eliminate the risk of mechanical rotation failure, an antenna design with no moving parts that achieves the conical beam sweep is desirable. In this paper, a lightweight, 3D-printed, inhomogeneous lens antenna is presented as an all-electronic alternative. Compared to the previous on-axis fed lenses, the real-life application requiring conical scanning necessitates significant developments regarding the synthesis, optimization, and prototyping of the off-axis fed lens. The lens antenna is designed using curved-ray geometrical optics coupled to particle swarm optimization to determine the optimum lens surface shapes and material inhomogeneity while obtaining a design with minimum volume and therefore mass. An 18 cm lens is designed using this approach. Instructions on how to 3D-print the inhomogeneous lens is given using a unit cell design which permits additive manufacturing using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) techniques. The lens is measured for far-field pattern performance at various locations along the ring-shaped focus of the azimuthally symmetric lens. The measurements agree well with predictions obtained by full-wave simulations. These all-electronic alternatives are expected to prolong the lifetime of future spaceborne wind scatterometers.
Design of highly‐directive Night‐flowering Jasmine‐shaped printed radiator based array for Ku‐band applications †

This article presents a four‐elements linear array of highly directive radiators for Ku‐band satellite applications. The antenna array's sole element is a newly introduced nature‐inspired Night‐flowering Jasmine‐shaped radiator. The proposed single element gives an appreciably decent gain and shallow cross‐polarization (x‐pol.) level along its main beam direction. The array's corporate feed network is designed in a precise manner to achieve a low level of loss and better bandwidth response. The fabricated sole antenna resonates at 17.95 GHz and offers a peak‐gain and return‐loss bandwidth of 11.54 dBi and 537 MHz, respectively. Similarly, 16.69 dBi absolute gain and 756‐MHz bandwidth have been achieved from the array geometry at 17.96 GHz resonating frequency. The prototypes' electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is validated by their computed correction factor (CF) values, and those are becoming 43.73 and 38.57 dB/m, respectively. The measured cross‐pol. of both prototypes, along the entire HPBW region, is below −35 dB. The prototypes offer a reasonably good radiation efficiency of 92.09% and 97.25%, respectively. Both the prototype's measured results make an excellent agreement with the simulated outcomes.
Saudi Arabian real-life experience with biologic therapy in severe asthma

Background Severe asthma (SA) is a common health problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality and high medical costs. Biological therapies have emerged in recent decades as promising treatment options for patients with high type 2 (T2) SA. This retrospective observational study from Saudi Arabia aimed to investigate the effects of additional biologics therapy on reducing oral corticosteroid (OCS) consumption, frequency of asthma exacerbations, improvement in lung function, and asthma control. Methods This multicenter observational study enrolled a cohort of 97 patients from March 2019 to February 2021. Outcomes of anti-IgE, anti-IL5/IL5R, and anti-IL4R therapies in severe type 2 asthma were recorded and analyzed in terms of number of exacerbations (emergency visits or hospitalizations required), asthma symptoms, and use of oral corticosteroids, blood eosinophil count, asthma control according to GINA classification, and FEV1 before and during biologic therapy. Results Ninety-seven patients were included in the analysis The mean age was 46.7±14.1 years, and 69.1% of them were female. The average duration of biological treatment was 16.4±6.8 months. At the time of data collection, the four biologic therapies reduced the exacerbation rate per year from 82/97 (84.5%) to 14/97 (14.4%) with a percent improvement of 83% from 2.9 per year in the year before biologic treatment to 1.6 per year (p<0.001). OCS was reduced from 75/97 (77.3%) to 10/97 (10.3%) for a percent improvement of 86.7%, and the average OCS dose decreased from 7.12 mg to 6.8 mg. Mean blood eosinophil count also decreased after biologic therapy from 750.5±498.5 to 188.0±122.4 cells/μl, most significant result achieved with benralizumab, and mean FEV1 improved from 59.0±12.9% to 76.0±10.2%, most significant result achieved with omalizumab. ll patients had uncontrolled asthma before biologics therapy, but asthma control improved by 91.8% after treatment. Conclusions Biologic as add-on therapy for high T2 SA was found to reduce asthma exacerbations, systemic glucocorticoid doses, and SA symptoms.
HIGHLY SENSITIVE LABEL-FREE ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION OF HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN WITH LOW-COST SCREEN-PRINTED ELECTRODES

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are produced when organisms are exposed to various environmental stress conditions such as extreme temperatures, light, and toxins. It is a known fact that in bacteria which have the HSP gene (hsp), antibiotics can trigger the expression of these proteins. However, the response of HSP genes to antibiotics has not been fully clarified in the literature, with studies still ongoing. In this work, a novel method of detecting heat shock protein 65 (HSP65) was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) due to its sensitivity and selectivity. To do so, a specific HSP65 probe and target were designed and their hybridization behaviour was studied using low-cost screen-printed electrodes (SPEs). Cyclic voltammetry was performed to analyse surface characteristics of the SPEs and the performance of the electrodes was tested using EIS, by measuring changes in the charge transfer resistance upon probe binding and target hybridization. Increases in charge transfer resistance were measured and observed to be in-line with literature. Based on these results, the designed HSP65 probe was confirmed to bind the target sequence and proved that the EIS can be effectively used to detect HSP65 label-free. Results presented here could lead to development of antibiotic susceptibility assays based on hsp genes in future and provide a quicker test for the detection of many slow-growing bacteria.
Effectiveness of telemedicine for cardiovascular disease management: systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND With the development of information communication technology (ICT), telemedicine has become a promising option for patients with chronic diseases who need continuous monitoring at home or in remote health care facilities. As cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for an estimated 17.9 million deaths globally each year, it is appropriate to evaluate the effectiveness of telemedicine for the health care management of CVD patients. METHODS The Library of Congress, LISTA (EBSCO), PubMed (NLM), and Web of Science databases were searched with a date limitation from 1 January 2000 until 5 August 2021 for Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) studies. Two independent researchers screened the records for inclusion and extracted the data for synthesis, supported by RevMan 5.0 software. As one of the clinical outcomes, the mean difference and standard deviation of systolic blood pressure were synthesized. For the Quality-of-life measures, EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) scores were also synthesized and for the depression level, CESD-10 scores were synthesized. RESULTS We identified 23 studies for qualitative analysis and 21 studies for quantitative analysis. 21 studies included systolic blood pressure as an outcome measure and the results show a statistical difference (P<0.05) between the intervention group and the control group and a favorable inclination toward the Telemedicine enhanced health care program over the usual care. Of the six studies that included body mass index (BMI) as an outcome measure, there was no significant difference in BMI between the telemedicine and usual health care groups. A total of five studies assessed patients' quality of life using the EQ-5D instrument. After excluding one study following the sensitivity analysis, telemedicine was shown to significantly improve patients' quality of life. Three studies that investigated patients' mental health (CSE-D-10) also showed a significantly beneficial effect of telemedicine over usual health care. DISCUSSION This review found limited evidence to support some of the outcomes in the original study designs. Overall, our findings suggested a favorable effect of telemedicine intervention in the field of health care for CVD patients. Due to the unavoidable heterogeneity within the selected literature, a more detailed investigation and analysis of the unclear outcomes is recommended.
A unique method for management of benign colonic masses: case report

Even though lipomas are most common non-epithelial tumors of the large intestine, they mostly present with non-specific symptoms. Intussusception is the most common morbidity related to such lesions and may present as intestinal obstruction. We present here a case of a young female who presented to gastroenterology department as a case of pain abdomen and nausea and a provisional diagnosis of subacute intestinal obstruction was kept. Contrast enhanced CT confirmed a diagnosis of intussusception due to an ascending colon mass? likely lipoma. The colonoscopy was done and biopsy was taken which was non-specific for malignancy. Patient, after taking due consent, was taken for surgery and laparoscopic assisted submucosal excision of lipoma was done and we will discuss the same. Endoscopic excision of lipomas has been reported but when failed, mostly segmental resection of the colon has been reported. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second reported case of laparoscopic assisted colotomy with submucosal excision of an intussuscepting colonic lipoma and first one in ascending colon.
Wrapping of the moderately dilated ascending aorta by fresh autologous pericardium

Wrapping of the ascending aorta (AA), isolated or associated with aortoplasty, has never been completely accepted. Some complications, as folding of the aortic wall, compression of the vasa vasorum and changes in the flow pattern, with consequent dilatation of the proximal arch, have been described. We used fresh autologous pericardium (FAP), so far never reported, to wrap the AA, with the aim to stabilize its size when moderately dilated, maintaining the preoperative dimension or limiting the reduction to a few millimeters.
Approach to Define the Reliability of Safety-Related Machine Learning Based Functions in Highly Automated Driving

Current standards cannot cover the safety requirements of machine learning based functions used in highly automated driving. Because of the opacity of neural networks, some self-driving functions cannot be developed following the V-model. These functions require the expansion of the standards. This paper focuses on this gap and defines functional reliability for such functions to help the future standards control the quality of machine learning based functions. As an example, reliability functions for pedestrian detection are built. Since the quality criteria in computer vision do not consider safety, new approaches for expression and evaluation of this reliability are designed.
In vivo and in silico Evaluation of Analgesic and Hypoglycemic Activities of Roots of Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica and Justica adhatoda

The present study focuses on the investigation of methanol extracts of roots of three indigenous plants of Bangladesh namely Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica and Justicia adhatoda to evaluate their analgesic and hypoglycemic activities in experimental animal model along with in silico modelling of several compounds present in the root extracts of these plants. Analgesic and hypoglycemic activities were evaluated in Swiss albino mice using acetic acid-induced writhing inhibition method and glucose tolerance test, respectively. In silico molecular docking and ADME study was conducted to assess the binding affinity with the target receptors and oral bioavailability of the compounds. The methanol extracts of A. nilotica, J. adhatoda and A. indica roots at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight reduced the number of writhes by 61.53%, 54.61% and 47.69%, respectively compared to standard diclofenac sodium (70.77% at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw) (p<0.05). A. nilotica and A. indica root extracts showed significant hypoglycemic activity at a dose of 400 mg/kg bw (% reduction of blood glucose 43.66 and 37.55% respectively, p<0.001) and J. adhatoda root extract reduced the blood glucose level by 33.71% (p<0.001) compared to that of standard drug, glibenclamide (57.46% reduction of blood glucose) after 120 minutes of administration. Among the computationally tested compounds, flavan-3-ol showed the lowest binding energy (-8.7 kcal/mol) with both COX-1 and COX-2 compared to standard diclofenac sodium (-7.8 kcal/mol). On the other hand, quercetin demonstrated the lowest binding energy (-8.8 kcal/mol) with ATP-sensitive potassium channel with Sulfonylurea Receptor 1 subunit among the tested compounds compared to standard glibenclamide (-9.3 kcal/mol). All the compounds showed high oral bioavailability in ADME analysis. Among all the root extracts, A. nilotica exhibited the most promising analgesic and hypoglycemic activities and should be employed to future investigation for isolating specific chemical constituents. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(2): 185-197, 2021 (December)
Spatial transitions, levels of activity, and motivations to exercise during COVID-19: a literature review

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic and its related measurements have challenged physical activity in various ways, ranging from closed fitness facilities to virtual curfews. Correspondingly, there is currently a rising scholarly interest in investigating how people have navigated their physical activity during the pandemic, and, especially, if physical activity has decreased or not. Accordingly, surveys and studies are rapidly accumulating. Therefore, the purpose of this literature review is to summarize, categorize, and map literature published before May 2021 on physical activity amid COVID-19. This study consists of a mixed methods explanatory sequential design, based on an outcome-oriented pragmatism of the middle. Firstly, a systematic literature review on Scopus was conducted, followed by a VOS-viewer bibliometric analysis. Subsequently, a focused literature review was written. The point of integration of methods was embedded. The systematic review resulted in 1,335 articles, which were used for two separate VOS-viewer visualizations. The illustrations reveal where research comes from, which journals have published most on physical activity during COVID-19, and how the research is globally cited. Furthermore, based on the review, three clear topical trends of research emerge; spatial transitions, frequencies of physical activity, and motivations to exercise during COVID-19. The bibliometric data demonstrates that research from only a few countries seem to be impactful, whereas the review portrays that conclusions in regard to whether physical activity has decreased or not lack agreement, possibly as a result of disclosing different definitions of physical activity.
The Role of Dietary Fats in the Development and Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. The pathogenesis of NEC is not completely understood; however, intestinal immaturity and excessive immunoreactivity of intestinal mucosa to intraluminal microbes and nutrients appear to have critical roles. Dietary fats are not only the main source of energy for preterm infants, but also exert potent effects on intestinal development, intestinal microbial colonization, immune function, and inflammatory response. Preterm infants have a relatively low capacity to digest and absorb triglyceride fat. Fat may thereby accumulate in the ileum and contribute to the development of NEC by inducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Some fat components, such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), also exert immunomodulatory roles during the early postnatal period when the immune system is rapidly developing. LC-PUFAs may have the ability to modulate the inflammatory process of NEC, particularly when the balance between n3 and n6 LC-PUFAs derivatives is maintained. Supplementation with n3 LC-PUFAs alone may have limited effect on NEC prevention. In this review, we describe how various fatty acids play different roles in the pathogenesis of NEC in preterm infants.
Influence of Gender on Radiosensitivity during Radiochemotherapy of Advanced Rectal Cancer

Simple Summary In radiotherapy for rectal cancer, the treatment is identical for women and men. In recent years, the question has arisen whether there are gender differences in radiochemotherapy. We have investigated, in detail, differences between men and women, especially with regard to radiation sensitivity. We found no evidence for a difference in radiosensitivity between the sexes. Nevertheless, during radiochemotherapy, women experienced increased impairments in the quality of life, which, however, are restored in the subsequent period. One possibility is an increased sensitivity of women to chemotherapy. Abstract Gender is increasingly recognized as an important factor in medicine, although it has long been neglected in medical research in many areas. We have studied the influence of gender in advanced rectal cancer with a special focus on radiosensitivity. For this purpose, we studied a cohort of 495 men (84.1% ≥ T3, 63.6% N1, 17.6%, M1) and 215 women (84.2% ≥ T3, 56.7% N1, 22.8%, M1) who all suffered from advanced rectal cancer and were treated with radiochemotherapy. The energy deposited, DNA double-strand break (dsb) repair, occurrence of chromosomal aberrations, duration of therapy, tumor regression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, laboratory parameters, quality of life and survival were assessed. The residual DNA dsb damage 24 h after irradiation in lymphocytes was identical in both sexes. Furthermore, chromosomal aberrations accurately reflecting radiosensitivity, were similar in both sexes. There were no gender-dependent differences in tumor regression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and outcome indicating no differences in the radiosensitivity of cancer cells. The irradiated tumor volume in women was slightly lower than in men, related to body weight, no difference was observed. However, when the total energy deposited was calculated and related to the body weight, women were exposed to higher amounts of ionizing radiation. During radiochemotherapy, decreases in blood lymphocyte counts and albumin and several quality-of-life parameters such as nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, and diarrhea were significantly worse in women. There is no difference in radiation sensitivity between men and women in both normal tissue and tumors. During radiochemotherapy, the quality of life deteriorates more in women than in men. However, women also recover quickly and there are no long-term differences in quality of life.
HEALTH OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN- SOME MEDICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS

In contemporary society child health is perceived as socially significant and its promotion and care includes knowledge from the psychological, pedagogical, social, medical and biological sciences. The overall children’s upbringing is aimed at promoting a healthy and active way of life. An essential aspect of preschool upbringing is the care for physical health and mental well-being. The present article discusses some medical and social aspects related to healthcare of preschool children. Some of the most important aspects of promoting the health of preschool children are physical activity, personal hygiene and body conditioning. Furthermore, the healthy lifestyle of the parents is of crucial importance. The child undergoes an important part of his/her development until the age of 7 which is related to his/her physical health as well as to his/her personal traits. This imposes the necessity for creating a solid background of knowledge and skills to lead a healthy lifestyle.