Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cartilage Produced after Transplantation of Syngeneic Chondrocytes is Rejected in Rats Presensitized with Allogeneic Chondrocytes

Cartilage produced in 2-week-old intramuscular transplants of syngeneic chondrocytes in rats did not display any signs of rejection. Cartilage produced by similar transplants in animals presensitized with intramuscular transplants of allogeneic chondrocytes was surrounded by infiltrations composed mainly of lymphocytes and was partially resorbed. Spleen mononuclear cells (SMC) from recipients of syngeneic transplants alone were not stimulated in mixed splenocyte–chondrocyte cultures by syngeneic or allogeneic chondrocytes. SMC from recipients of allogeneic and subsequent syngeneic transplants were strongly stimulated by both syngeneic and allogeneic chondrocytes, although stimulation by the latter was significantly more pronounced. Sera from naive rats usually contained cytotoxic antichondrocyte antibodies but their level varied considerably in various individuals. In rats chosen as transplant recipients on the basis of low antichondrocyte cytotoxicity of their sera, this toxicity was markedly raised after sensitization with allo- and syngeneic chondrocytes. Absorption with thymocytes or fibroblasts decreased but did not abrogate cytotoxicity. These observations support previous reports suggesting expression of tissue-specific antigen(s) by chondrocytes.
Knowledging on Tamil Nadu electricity board (TNEB) and electricity load demand forecasting by Gaussian processes using real time data

In today's culture, electricity is a vital part of functioning as a society. No Power is Costlier than No Power. So electricity becomes the indispensable one to us. And in the smart grid environment, the electricity consumers will act in response to electricity demand. But the construction of large generating plants like Thermal, Nuclear, Atomic and Wind Power Station and Plants takes many years. The Government is determining the demand of electricity well in advance. So, demand is to be forecasted for smooth running of all works in society. This paper presents a state-of-the-art survey of Tamil Nadu Electricity Board Dataset structure and Electricity Load Demand of Madurai Metro, Madurai EDC, Theni, Dindugal, Ramnad and Sivagangai Circles of Madurai Region in Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB) are forecasted by Gaussian Process and WEKA Data Mining Tool using real time data.
Performance comparison of discrete time sliding mode control techniques for magnetic levitation system

In this study, the control of magnetic levitation system in discrete time domain is considered. Magnetic ball levitation system model is identified, linearized near the equilibrium point and discretized in convenient sampling period. Discrete time sliding mode controller with enhanced exponential reaching law is designed and compared to traditional discrete time constant proportional rate reaching law for the magnetic ball levitation system which is subject to many control problems since it has unstable structure and it has nonlinear dynamics. The asymptotically stability of the system is analyzed by using Lyapunov stability condition with discrete time approach. In order to evaluate the performance of the considered control technique, simulations are conducted and the results show that discrete time enhanced exponential reaching law provides better performance in terms of both reference tracking and disturbance noise rejection as compared to conventional constant proportional rate reaching law techniques.
The effect of variation in miracidial exposure dose on laboratory infections of Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum in Lymnaea gedrosiana

Abstract The laboratory infection of Lymnaea gedrosiana with 1,2,5,10 and 20 miracidia of Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum, resulted in infection rates of 54.5%, 57.1%, 62.5%, 84.0% and 100% respectively, with a prepatent period of 18–21 days. The numbers of cercariae shed daily by single snails exposed to one or 2 miracidia were significantly lower than from those exposed to 5,10 or 20 miracidia. Few cercariae were shed during the early patent period, but the number increased with the duration of infection. All infected snails died at the peak of cercarial shedding, and no infected snails survived more than 60 days after exposure to miracidia. The differences between the mean life-span of infected snails and non-infected snails in the control group were statistically significant (P < 0.001).
Microwave FET's - What's Next?

Over the last decade, GaAs FET's have made dramatic advances in low-noise and efficient power amplification. These advances are highlighted and possible pathways for future developments are shown. Looking further ahead, it is important to realize that GaAs technology holds the key to microwave monolithic-integrated circuits. ** "Where are GaAs IC's today, and where do we go from here? " These and related questions are briefly covered in this paper.
Simulation and the Monte Carlo method

From the Publisher: Provides the first simultaneous coverage of the statistical aspects of simulation and Monte Carlo methods, their commonalities and their differences for the solution of a wide spectrum of engineering and scientific problems. Contains standard material usually considered in Monte Carlo simulation as well as new material such as variance reduction techniques, regenerative simulation, and Monte Carlo optimization.
Developmental expression of foxA and gata genes during gut formation in the polychaete annelid, Capitella sp. I

SUMMARY Most bilaterian animals have evolved a through gut that is regionally specialized along the anterior–posterior axis. In the polychaete annelid, Capitella sp. I, the alimentary canal is subdivided into a buccal cavity, pharynx, esophagus, midgut, and hindgut. Members of the Fox and GATA families of transcription factors have conserved functions in patterning ectodermal and endodermal gut components. We have isolated and characterized expression of one FoxA gene (CapI‐foxA) and four GATA genes (CapI‐gataB1, CapI‐gataB2, CapI‐gataB3, and CapI‐gataA1) from Capitella sp. I. Both gene families are expressed in the developing gut of this polychaete. CapI‐foxA, an ortholog of the FoxA subgroup, is expressed in vegetal hemisphere micromeres of cleavage‐stage embryos, in multiple blastomeres within and surrounding the blastopore during gastrulation, and throughout morphogenesis of the pharynx, esophagus, and hindgut. The CapI‐gataB genes group within the vertebrate GATA4/5/6 subfamily, appear to be products of lineage‐specific gene duplication, and are expressed in specific domains of endomesoderm. CapI‐gataB1 is expressed in endoderm precursors and throughout developing midgut endoderm, and is particularly prominent at anterior and posterior midgut boundaries. CapI‐gataB2 is co‐expressed with CapI‐gataB1 in midgut endoderm, and is also expressed in visceral mesoderm. CapI‐gataB3 is limited to and coexpressed with CapI‐gataB2 in visceral mesoderm. CapI‐gataA1 groups within the vertebrate GATA1/2/3 subfamily and is expressed primarily in ectodermal tissues of the brain, ventral nerve cord, lateral trunk, and both pharyngeal and esophageal regions of the foregut. Collectively, the CapI‐foxA and CapI‐gata genes show patterns of expression that span almost the entire length of the developing alimentary canal, consistent with a role in gut development.
Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver: Fine‐needle aspiration cytology and preoperative chemotherapy as an approach to diagnosis and initial treatment. A case report

The present report describes the case of a 9‐year‐old girl with an undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The smears revealed pleomorphic cells, some with cytoplasmic vacuoles and eosinophilic inclusions, as well as spindle cells and myxoid tissue, cytologic features which appear to be distinctive from any other malignant tumor of the liver. Preoperative chemotherapy was then given using a protocol for high‐grade soft‐tissue sarcomas (MMT95 953 branch B, SIOP). This scheme induced very good response allowing complete surgery 8 months after diagnosis. The patient is alive and well 11 months after surgery. The combined FNAC‐preoperative chemotherapy approach may prove useful for this highly malignant tumor. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1998;19:102–106. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reproduction in the female rat after pelvic nerve neurectomy

The purpose of this investigation is the study of variations in copulatory response of female white rats with bilaterally resected pelvic nerves. To lay a groundwork for this paper, it is best first to discuss, in general, the effect of copulatory stimuli on the female sex cycles of mammals. The female sex cycles of mammals may be divided into three groups, on the basis of copulatory responses. The guinea pig is an example of the first type (Marshall, '22), in which there is no detectable effect of copulation on either ovulation or uterine progestational changes. Ovulation occurs independently of coitus and is always followed by progestational phenomena. The rabbit, the cat and the ferret are examples of the second type. Ovulation in these animals does not occur rhythmically and spontaneously, as in the guinea pig. Without copulatory stimuli, these animals remain in a more or less continuous state of estrus. Ovulation is induced by sexual stimuli and is always followed by progestational changes. The rat and some related rodents belong to the third group. These animals have a short estrus cycle. In the absence of
Functional activity and role of cation-efflux family members in Ni hyperaccumulation in Thlaspi goesingense

The ability of Thlaspi goesingense to hyperaccumulate Ni seems to be governed in part by enhanced accumulation of Ni within leaf vacuoles. We have characterized genes from T. goesingense encoding putative vacuolar metal ion transport proteins, termed metal tolerance proteins (TgMTPs). These proteins contain all of the features of cation-efflux family members, and evidence indicates they are derived from a single genomic sequence (TgMTP1) that gives rise to an unspliced (TgMTP1t1) and a spliced (TgMTP1t2) transcript. Heterologous expression of these transcripts in yeast lacking the TgMTP1 orthologues COT1 and ZRC1 complements the metal sensitivity of these yeast strains, suggesting that TgMTP1s are able to transport metal ions into the yeast vacuole in a manner similar to COT1 and ZRC1. The unspliced and spliced TgMTP1 variants differ within a histidine-rich putative metal-binding domain, and these sequence differences are reflected as alterations in the metal specificities of these metal ion transporters. When expressed in yeast, TgMTP1t1 confers the highest level of tolerance to Cd, Co, and Zn, whereas TgMTP1t2 confers the highest tolerance to Ni. TgMTP1 transcripts are highly expressed in T. goesingense compared with orthologues in the nonaccumulators Arabidopsis thaliana, Thlaspi arvense, and Brassica juncea. We propose that the high-level expression of TgMTP1 in T. goesingense accounts for the enhanced ability of this hyperaccumulator to accumulate metal ions within shoot vacuoles.
Observing the Quantization of Zero Mass Carriers in Graphene

Resolving Landau Levels in Graphene The charge carriers in a two-dimensional conductor, when placed in a magnetic field, can develop an additional set of quantized energy levels. These Landau levels correspond to the carriers now moving in cyclotron orbits. In graphene, which consists of single-atom-thick sheets of graphite, an unusual set of Landau levels with nonequal energy spacing can develop in graphene layers that have undergone symmetry breaking caused by rotation between adjacent layers. Miller et al. (p. 924) used scanning tunneling microscopy at cryogenic temperatures to map out Landau levels in graphene grown on silicon carbide with high energy and momentum resolution, including the characteristic level in graphene that can occur at zero energy. Scanning tunneling microscopy on graphene reveals non-equally spaced Landau energy levels induced by a magnetic field. Application of a magnetic field to conductors causes the charge carriers to circulate in cyclotron orbits with quantized energies called Landau levels (LLs). These are equally spaced in normal metals and two-dimensional electron gases. In graphene, however, the charge carrier velocity is independent of their energy (like massless photons). Consequently, the LL energies are not equally spaced and include a characteristic zero-energy state (the n = 0 LL). With the use of scanning tunneling spectroscopy of graphene grown on silicon carbide, we directly observed the discrete, non-equally–spaced energy-level spectrum of LLs, including the hallmark zero-energy state of graphene. We also detected characteristic magneto-oscillations in the tunneling conductance and mapped the electrostatic potential of graphene by measuring spatial variations in the energy of the n = 0 LL.
Gelatin-induced reversion of protoplasts of Bacillus subtilis to the bacillary form: photomicrographic study

When lysozyme protoplasts of Bacillus subtilis 168 indoleare washed free of lysozyme and plated on hypertonic soft agar medium, each protoplast forms an L colony. The L colonies consist of cell wall-free L bodies which, in turn, give rise to new L colonies. This heritably propagated wall-less condition can be terminated promptl"'6 by plating the cells in 25%, gelatin medium. In this&t;environment, each body reverts to thX ba l1ary state (1). An electron-microscopic study of this process and experiments on the physical and nutritional requirements of reversion are presented in an accompanying study (2). For the present phase-constrast study of reversion, protoplasts were prepared in the standard
Evaluation of a Novel Screw Position in a Type III Distal Phalanx Fracture Model: An Ex Vivo Study.

OBJECTIVE Mechanical evaluation of a novel screw position used for repair in a type III distal phalanx fracture model and assessment of solar canal penetration (SCP). STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. SAMPLE POPULATION Disarticulated equine hooves (n = 24) and 24 isolated distal phalanges. METHODS Hooves/distal phalanges cut in a sagittal plane were repaired with 1 of 2 different cortical screw placements in lag fashion. In group 1 (conventional screw placement), the screw was inserted halfway between the proximal border of the solar canal (SC) and the subchondral bone surface on a line parallel to the dorsal cortex, whereas in group 2, the screw was inserted more palmar/plantar, where a perpendicular line drawn from the group 1 position reached the palmar/plantar cortex. Construct strength was evaluated by 3-point bending to failure. SCP was assessed by CT imaging and macroscopically. RESULTS Screws were significantly longer in group 2 and in forelimbs. Group 2 isolated distal phalanges had a significantly more rigid fixation compared with the conventional screw position (maximum point at failure 31%, bending stiffness 41% higher). Lumen reduction of the SC was observed in 13/52 specimens (all from group 2), of which 9 were forelimbs. CONCLUSIONS More distal screw positioning compared with the conventionally recommended screw position for internal fixation of type III distal phalangeal fractures allows placement of a longer screw and renders a more rigid fracture fixation. The novel screw position, however, carries a higher risk of SCP.
PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 2‐NITRO‐5,10,15,20‐TETRA‐p‐TOLYLPORPHYRINS

Abstract— Tetraarylporphyrins substituted with nitro groups at fipyrrolic positions are potential candidates for electron‐accepting pigments in model systems for photosynthesis. The photophysics of 2‐nitro‐5,10,15,20‐tetra‐p‐tolylporphyrin and its zinc analog have been studied in order to evaluate this potential. The ground state absorption spectrum, the triplet‐triplet absorption spectrum, the fluorescence emission spectrum, and associated photophysical parameters have been determined. The molecules have short singlet lifetimes and anomalous temperature‐ and solvent‐dependent emission spectra which are consistent with the formation of an intramolecular charge transfer state of the type P+ ‐NO2; in which the nitro group is twisted about its bond to the porphyrin, relative to the ground state conformation.
$\hbox{BCl}_{3}/\hbox{Cl}_{2}$-Based Inductively Coupled Plasma Etching of GaN/AlGaN Using Photoresist Mask

Gallium nitride/aluminium gallium nitride (GaN/AlGaN) etching in BCl3/Cl2-based inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is investigated for high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) mesa etching using rarely preferred mask-photoresist. The critical issues related to photresist burning/deforming, resist removal, selectivity, mesa edge roughening, and nonuniform etching of GaN and AlGaN layers are discussed in detail using plasma of BCl3/ Cl2 gases. The effect of ICP process parameters like ICP power, RF power, pressure, and BCl3/Cl2 flow rate ratio on etch rate of GaN/AlGaN layers and mask is studied systematically for the optimization of a HEMT mesa etching process that results in smooth etched surface with sharp and highly anisotropic mesa edges. The photoresist mask selectivity is found to depend strongly on pressure and RF power, whereas the etched surface morphology changes significantly with the gas flow rate ratio and chamber pressure. The AlGaN etch rate and selectivity with respect to GaN is also characterized for different Al concentrations varying up to 33%. The etch process is finally applied to GaN/AlGaN HEMT mesa etching, where the mesa features with depth of ~ 1500 A° are etched successfully. The resultant process etch uniformity is found to be better than 5% over 2-in wafer.
Long‐range mapping of the 11q23 region involved in chromosome aberrations in human tumors by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis with a yeast artificial chromosome

We have previously demonstrated that the RCK gene involved in t(11;14)(q23;q32) and the more centromeric MLL/ALL1 gene involved in t(4;11)(q21;q23) and t(11;19)(q23;p13) are localized on different adjacent Notl fragments by using pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis with the yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clone yB22B2. The PFGE analysis using the YACs of YTY17 containing the prophobilinogen deaminase (PBGD), CBL2 and THY1 genes and yB22B2 allowed the following ordering of genes and breakpoints from CD3 to THY1 on 11q23: cent‐CD3‐ALL/MLL1‐RCK‐PBGD‐CBL2‐THY1, and the establishment of a long‐range restriction map covering these genes. In addition, we showed that the FLI1 region involved in the t(11;22)(q24;q12) in Ewing's sarcoma was more telomeric region than the THY1 gene by analyzing somatic cell hybrids carrying the 11q‐ and/or 14q+ chromosome of the t(11;14)(q23;q32) translocation, and by PFGE analysis of the YAC clone YTY17. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ensemble SVM classifiers based on PCA and LDA for IDS

Feature extraction addresses the problem of finding the most compact and informative set of features. To maximize the effectiveness of each single feature extraction algorithm and to develop an efficient intrusion detection system, an ensemble of Linear Discriminant Analysis and Principle Component Analysis feature extraction algorithms is implemented. The experiments demonstrate that the ensemble method outperforms single feature extraction method with 92% in overall accuracy.
An investigation of self-interference reduction strategy in correlated SM-OFDMA systems

One of the efficient ways to transmit high data rate in a wireless network is by employing a multiple antenna transmission scheme, known as the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). One of the MIMO schemes, known as Spatial Multiplexing (SM) relies on the linear independence data streams from different transmit antennas to exploit the channel capacity. Consequently, SM suffers considerably from the effect of spatial correlation, also known as self-interference in the literature, thus become one of the limiting factor in achieving the capacity benefit that SM offers. In an attempt to increase the robustness of the SM transmission for deployment in wide range of correlated channels, the use of dynamic subcarrier allocation (DSA) in a downlink Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) system is investigated. The Effective Signal-to-Interference-and-Noise Ratio (ESINR) metric is used as the performance metric to determine the subcarrier quality. The ESINR metric can be utilised for the subcarrier allocation process in order to exploit the multiuser diversity gain that can be offered in a correlated SM-OFDMA downlink system.
Polioencephalomalacia of Dogs with Thiamine Deficiency

A naturally occurring neurological disease occurred in six dogs fed cooked meat. Clinical signs were anorexia, progressive spastic paraparesis, recumbency, convulsions and death. The disease was characterized by bilaterally symmetrical spongy change and necrosis of brainstem nuclei with a lesion distribution pattern similar to that in thiamine deficient foxes and cats. An associated thiamine deficiency was evidenced by decreased thiamine levels in the blood of one dog and in the food of another, and rapid remission of clinical signs in a dog given thiamine hydrochloride. Thermal destruction of thiamine through cooking of the foods probably caused the dietary deficiency.
DO REEFS DRIVE DIVERSIFICATION IN MARINE TELEOSTS? EVIDENCE FROM THE PUFFERFISH AND THEIR ALLIES (ORDER TETRAODONTIFORMES)

Abstract A major challenge in evolutionary biology lies in explaining patterns of high species numbers found in biodiversity hot spots. Tropical coral reefs underlie most marine hot spots and reef-associated fish faunas represent some of the most diverse assemblages of vertebrates on the planet. Although the standing diversity of modern reef fish clades is usually attributed to their ecological association with corals, untangling temporal patterns of codiversification has traditionally proved difficult. In addition, owing to uncertainty in higher-level relationships among acanthomorph fish, there have been few opportunities to test the assumption that reef-association itself leads to higher rates of diversification compared to other habitats. Here we use relaxed-clock methods in conjunction with statistical measures of species accumulation and phylogenetic comparative methods to clarify the temporal pattern of diversification in reef and nonreef-associated lineages of tetraodontiforms, a morphologically diverse order of teleost fish. We incorporate 11 fossil calibrations distributed across the tetraodontiform tree to infer divergence times and compare results from models of autocorrelated and uncorrelated evolutionary rates. All major tetraodontiform reef crown groups have significantly higher rates of diversification than the order as a whole. None of the nonreef-associated families show this pattern with the exception of the aracanid boxfish. Independent contrasts analysis also reveals a significantly positive relationship between diversification rate and proportion of reef-associated species within each family when aracanids are excluded. Reef association appears to have increased diversification rate within tetraodontiforms. We suggest that both intrinsic factors of reef habitat and extrinsic factors relating to the provincialization and regionalization of the marine biota during the Miocene (about 23–5 MY) played a role in shaping these patterns of diversity