Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical-grade hDPSCs Suppressed the Activation of Osteoarthritic Macrophages and Attenuated Cartilaginous Damage in a Rabbit OA Model

Background: Although increasing evidence has demonstrated that human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are efficacious for the clinical treatment of skeletal disorders, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative disorders in joints and is characterized by gradual and irreversible cartilaginous tissue damage. Notably, immune factors were newly identified to be closely related to OA development. In this study, we explored the modulatory effects of clinical-grade hDPSCs on osteoarthritic macrophages and their protective effects on cartilaginous tissues in OA joints.Methods: The cell morphology, immunophenotype and inflammatory factor expression of osteoarthritic macrophages were explored. Additionally, the factors and signaling pathways that suppressed macrophage activation by hDPSCs were determined. Furthermore, hDPSCs were administered to a rabbit knee OA model via intra-articular injection. Macrophage activation in vivo and cartilaginous tissue damage were also evaluated. Statistical significance was analyzed using Student's t test. The one-way ANOVA was used in multiple group data analysis.Results: We found that hDPSCs markedly inhibited osteoarthritic macrophage activation in vitro. The cell morphology, immunophenotype and inflammatory factor expression of osteoarthritic macrophages changed into less inflammatory status. in the presence of hDPSCs. Mechanistically, we observed that hDPSC-derived HGF and TGFβ1 mediated the suppressive effects on osteoarthritic macrophages. Moreover, phosphorylation of MAPK pathway proteins contributed to osteoarthritic macrophage activation, and hDPSCs suppressed their activation by partially inactivating those pathways. Most importantly, injected hDPSCs inhibited macrophage activation in osteochondral tissues in a rabbit knee OA model in vivo. Further histological analysis showed that hDPSCs alleviated cartilaginous damage to knee joints.Conclusions: In summary, our findings reveal a novel function for hDPSCs in suppressing osteoarthritic macrophages and suggest that macrophages are efficient cellular targets of hDPSCs for alleviation of cartilaginous damage in OA.
Accounting fraud before codification: An inquiry on budget misstatements in eighteenth-century Venice

The article focuses on the understudied role of accounting information in financial fraud in pre-modern historical contexts where specific regulations and standards were absent. Following a systematic literature review, the authors adopt an enriched version of the ‘fraud triangle’ to correctly identify fraud in such a setting. A microhistorical approach allows them to identify an exceptional case documenting the use of accounting statements to disclose a financial fraud in a ceramic manufacturing partnership in late eighteenth-century Venice. The case is analysed to identify the role of accounting information in determining the purpose (incentive), the technical possibility (opportunity) and the consequences (rationalisation) of the fraud. The results emphasise the authorities’ use of accounting statements to assess the situation of the company and fix its crisis, rather than to sanction fraudulent behaviours.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Tematik Melalui Pembelajaran Daring dengan Model STAD Berbantuan Power Point di Sekolah Dasar

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah peningkatan hasil belajar tematik dapat diupayakan melalui pembelajaran daring dengan model STAD berbantuan power point. Subyek penelitian yaitu siswa kelas 5 SDN Karangtalun berjumlah 34 siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang menggunakan model spiral dari C. Kemmis dan Robin Mc. Taggart dengan prosedur penelitian 2 siklus, yang masing- masing siklus terdiri dari 3 tahap yaitu, 1) perencanaan, 2) pelaksanaan dan pengamatan, 3) refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dengan tes dan non tes. Instrumen tes berupa butir soal dan instrumen non tes berupa lembar observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar tematik yang diupayakan melalui model pembelajaran STAD berbantuan power point. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan hasil belajar berdasar ketuntasan yakni banyaknya siswa yang tuntas sebelum tindakan sebanyak 15 siswa (44,1% dari seluruh siswa). Setelah diberikan tindakan pada siklus I, jumlah siswa yang tuntas belajar meningkat menjadi 25 siswa (73,5% dari seluruh siswa), dan pada siklus II, jumlah siswa yang tuntas menjadi 34 siswa (100% dari seluruh siswa).
Farmer social connectedness and market access: A case study of personal networks among emerging farmers

Market access in the local food system of the American Midwest is largely predicated on key social and economic relationships. This study examines the personal networks of emerging farmers enrolled in an incubator farm training program. Drawing from social network and qualitative analysis the study findings yield insights into the relationship between social networks, market access, and financial sustainability among emerging farmers. Some farmers have highly dense support networks with many strong familial ties. Others have smaller support networks characterized by weaker and more sparse ties. Highly individualized farmer characteristics and aspirations are shown to greatly influence the building and maintaining of networks. Advice networks are demonstrated to affect market access, decisionmaking, and indicators for entrepreneurial success. Smaller advice networks of non–English speaking farmers demonstrate limited market access and access to information. This distinction is highlighted in the discussion of policy and agricultural development programs targeted toward emerging farmers. a * Corresponding author: Christian Kelly Scott, Department of Community Sustainability, Michigan State University. Scott is now a Ph.D. candidate in Rural Sociology and International Agriculture & Development, Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology, & Education, Pennsylvania State University; 111 Armsby Building; University Park, PA 16802 USA; +1-814-865-0456; cks8@psu.edu; christiankscott@gmail.com b Robert B. Richardson, Professor and Associate Chair, Department of Community Sustainability, Michigan State University; 480 Wilson Road; East Lansing, MI 48824 USA; +1-517-355-9533; rbr@msu.edu Author Note This study was completed in partial fulfillment of the lead author’s master of science degree from the Department of Community Sustainability at Michigan State University.
Ultra-high capacity hydrogen storage in a Li decorated two-dimensional C2N layer

Owing to naturally existing uniform periodic pores in two-dimensional (2D) C2N layers, they can be an ideal candidate for hydrogen storage materials among other 2D materials. Here, we explored the potential application of ultra-high capacity hydrogen storage using the first principles method. Remarkably, Li was strongly bonded with the C2N layer via a Kubas-type interaction with a large binding energy of 3–5 eV. This unique interaction does not exist in graphene or other 2D materials, and it rules out the possibility of Li alkali metal cluster formations. We found that the Li-decorated C2N could show a very high theoretical gravimetric density of 13 weight percentage (wt%). Very interestingly, this gravimetric density is not only 40% and 30% higher than those found in MgH2 and C60 but also significantly higher than the values obtained in alkali metal decorated graphene, MoS2 and phosphorene. Irrespective of the theoretical capacity, the most important physical quantity is the practical capacity (the difference in the number of adsorbed and desorbed hydrogen molecules) under ambient conditions of pressure and temperature. Our thermodynamic analysis showed that 75% of the adsorbed hydrogen molecules could be released under practical conditions of temperature and pressure and the practical capacity is about 10 wt%. Our findings suggest that the Li decorated C2N can be a very promising material for room-temperature hydrogen storage under realistic conditions.
Making a case for Doctoral Intelligence: Conceptualisation and insights for researcher development

ABSTRACT In this conceptual article, I present a hierarchical view of the iterative process of learning and development as applied to the doctoral context and make a conceptual case for Doctoral Intelligence based on an analogous link to Cultural Intelligence. There are four proposed Doctoral Intelligence domains: Knowing (developing expertise), Doing (benefits of practice), Thinking (high-order mental processing) and Willing (open-mindedness for continual development). Insights into the hierarchical process of learning and development and the mindsets needed could provide clarity about what a doctorate entails and direction for doctoral education initiatives. Interventions focusing on student’s unique research identity development through these knowing, doing, thinking and willing mindsets could contribute to not only enhancing the quality of the process, product and outcome of the doctorate, but for the development of lifelong researchers beyond the qualification.
Surfactant widens the electrochemical window of an aqueous electrolyte for better rechargeable aqueous sodium/zinc battery

Aqueous rechargeable batteries have received significant attention because of their low-cost and security. However, the narrow electrochemical stability window (about 1.23 V) of the aqueous electrolyte sets a limit on their energy output. Herein, we have developed an aqueous rechargeable hybrid battery using Na2MnFe(CN)6 nanocubes as the cathode and a zinc metal sheet as the anode, which delivered a high energy density of 170 W h kg−1 and a capacity retention of 75% over 2000 cycles with an operating voltage of up to 2.0 V. By adding sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to the aqueous electrolyte, the electrochemical stability window of the electrolyte was expanded to about 2.5 V. The results of the experiments and calculations based on the density functional theory indicate that SDS can not only inhibit the decomposition of water, suppress the dissolution of Mn and the corrosion of zinc but also increase the cycle life and rate capability. The low-cost, high energy density, and long cycle life of the battery suggest that it is a promising candidate for energy storage applications.
Persistence of the Swiss Needle Cast Outbreak in Oregon Coastal Douglas-Fir and New Insights from Research and Monitoring

Swiss needle cast (SNC), caused by Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii, is a foliage disease of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), that reduces growth in native stands and exotic plantations worldwide. An outbreak of SNC began in coastal Oregon in the mid-1990s and has persisted since that time. Here we review the current state of knowledge after 24 years of research and monitoring, with a focus on Oregon, although the disease is significant in coastal Washington and has recently emerged in southwestern British Columbia. We present new insights into SNC distribution, landscape patterns, disease epidemiology and ecology, host-pathogen interactions, trophic and hydrologic influences, and the challenges of Douglas-fir plantation management in the presence of the disease. In Oregon, the SNC outbreak has remained geographically contained but has intensified. Finally, we consider the implications of climate change and other recently emerged foliage diseases on the future of Douglas-fir plantation management.
DuGAN: An effective framework for underwater image enhancement

Underwater image enhancement is an important low-level vision task with much attention of community. Clear underwater images are helpful for underwater operations. However, raw underwater images often suffer from different types of distortions caused by the underwater environment. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an end-to-end dual generative adversarial network (DuGAN) for underwater image enhancement. The images processed by existing methods are taken as training samples for reference, and they are segmented into clear parts and unclear parts. Two discriminators are used to complete adversarial training toward different areas of images with different training strategies, respectively. The proposed method is able to output more pleasing images than reference images beneﬁt by this framework. Meanwhile, to ensure the authenticity of the enhanced images, content loss, adversarial loss, and style loss are combined as loss function of our framework. This framework is easy to use, and the subjective and objective experiments show that excellent results are achieved compared to those methods mentioned in the literature.
Students’ Perceptions of the Adoption and Use of Social Media in Academic Libraries: A UTAUT Study

Abstract This article reports on a study for which the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) served as a theoretical framework. The purpose of the qualitative exploration was to gain an understanding of students’ perceptions of the adoption of social media, namely Facebook and Twitter, in an academic library setting. The study applied the constructs as described by the UTAUT, namely, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions, to explore students’ perceived behavioural intentions to use social media. A sample of 30 students were selected from two universities, one in Belgium (University of Antwerp) and one in South Africa (University of Limpopo), to gain better insight of the students’ perceptions regarding the adoption and use of social media, in particular Facebook and Twitter, by the academic libraries at these two universities. The study showed that the adoption of social media is positively influenced by effort expectancy, performance expectancy and social influence. A major challenge reported by most respondents at the University of Limpopo was poor internet access and the non-adoption of Facebook and Twitter, whilst respondents at the University of Antwerp had mixed feelings about the adoption of Facebook and Twitter for scholarly communication.
Augmented human development in the age of globalization
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A long-run view of well-being over the last one-and-a-half centuries is presented using an Augmented Human Development Index (AHDI) that combines achievements in health, education, material living standards, and political freedom. The AHDI shows substantial gains in world human development since 1870, although significant room for improvement still remains. The AHDI spread unevenly until 1960, in absolute terms, and up to 1929 in relative ones, and reversed this trend thereafter. The main relative gain went to world countries’ middle class, but the main absolute gain accrued to the top decile. AHD trends and distribution do not match, but compare favourably with, those in per capita income. The absolute gap between present-day advanced countries and the rest of the world deepened over time, though fell in relative terms. Life expectancy has led progress in AHD, particularly until 1970, and drove the catching-up by the rest of the world during the epidemiological transition. Political and civil liberties took over thereafter.
Research on single target jamming parameter optimization based on particle swarm optimization

In order to achieve effective jamming, it is often necessary to select jamming patterns according to expert experience in radar electronic countermeasures. However, different jamming patterns correspond to a large number of variable parameters a large range of parameters, a large space of inverted parameters, and it is difficult to set the optimal jamming parameters. The application of particle swarm optimization in single target jamming parameter optimization is studied in this work. Construct jamming income function according to jamming incentives of different jamming patterns. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the jamming parameters of different jamming styles and output the optimal parameters and corresponding jamming signals. The research shows that the algorithm model can be quickly optimized in multi-dimensional apace by designing a reasonable jamming revenue function, which can realize the rapid the threat jamming target, and can significantly improve the adaptive jamming waveform generation ability of the jamming to various types of radars.
Trace Me If You Can: An Unlinkability Approach for Privacy-Preserving in Social Networks

Privacy in social networks has been a vast active area of research due to the enormous increase in privacy concerns with social networking services. Social networks contain sensitive information of individuals, which could be leaked due to insecure data sharing. To enable a secure social network data publication, several privacy schemes were proposed and built upon the anonymity of users. In this paper, we incorporate unlinkability in the context of weighted network data publication, which has not been addressed in prior work. Two key privacy models are defined, namely edge weight unlinkability and node unlinkability to obviate the linking of auxiliary information to a targeted individual with high probability. Two new schemes satisfying these unlinkability notions, namely MinSwap and $\delta $ -MinSwapX are proposed to address edge weight disclosure, link disclosure and identity disclosure problems in publishing weighted network data. The edge weight is modified based on minimum value change in order to preserve the usefulness and properties of the edge weight data. In addition, edge randomization is performed to minimally modify the structural information of a user. Experimental results on real data sets show that our schemes efficiently achieve data utility preservation and privacy protection simultaneously.
Reduction of aldehydes and terpenes within pine wood by microbial activity

Abstract Aldehydes and terpenes are the most frequently emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the wood-processing industry. These emissions are classified as injurious to health and hazardous to the environment. To address this problem, the growth conditions have been identified under which bacteria extensively degrade both aldehydes and particularly terpenes in pine wood particles as a raw material for the production of particle boards. In this study, the focus was on pentanal and hexanal (aldehydes) as well as α- and β-pinene (terpenes). Bacterial strains were selected for their ability to metabolize α-pinene as single carbon source in liquid culture medium. α-Pinene degradation was then determined by gas chromatography (GC) analysis. Strains belonging to the genus Pseudomonas showed the best results (98% degradation after 72 h). Comparably good results were also achieved with the thermophilic strain Bacillus pallidus (90% degradation) at 55°C. Furthermore, an adapted mixed culture of Pseudomonas species was inoculated onto wood particles and incubated at room temperature for 3 days. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) measurements of emitted volatiles and subsequent gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated a complete removal (100%) of aldehydes and, even more importantly, α- and β-pinene. Pre-treatment of unsterile pine wood particles with Pseudomonas species may have potential for industrial application.
Epigenomic modifications induced by hatchery rearing persist in germ line cells of adult salmon after their oceanic migration

Human activities induce direct or indirect selection pressure on natural population and may ultimately affect population's integrity. While numerous conservation programs aimed to minimize human‐induced genomic variation, human‐induced environmental variation may generate epigenomic variation potentially affecting fitness through phenotypic modifications. Major questions remain pertaining to how much epigenomic variation arises from environmental heterogeneity, whether this variation can persist throughout life, and whether it can be transmitted across generations. We performed whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) on the sperm of genetically indistinguishable hatchery and wild‐born migrating adults of Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from two geographically distant rivers at different epigenome scales. Our results showed that coupling WGBS with fine‐scale analyses (local and chromosomal) allows the detection of parallel early‐life hatchery‐induced epimarks that differentiate wild from hatchery‐reared salmon. Four chromosomes and 183 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) displayed a significant signal of methylation differentiation between hatchery and wild‐born Coho salmon. Moreover, those early‐life epimarks persisted in germ line cells despite about 1.5 year spent in the ocean following release from hatchery, opening the possibility for transgenerational inheritance. Our results strengthen the hypothesis that epigenomic modifications environmentally induced during early‐life development persist in germ cells of adults until reproduction, which could potentially impact their fitness.
Graphene Oxide Sorption Capacity toward Elements over the Whole Periodic Table: A Comparative Study

Water pollution is a worldwide environmental problem. Wastewater from industrial processes, surface and ground waters can all contain various metal ions, such as toxic Hg2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, As3+, Sb3+, Bi3+, and so on. Consequently, efficient methods for removing impurities from such waters are in high demand. Since the large surface area of graphene oxide can make this material suitable for the uptake of various metal ions, we investigated its sorption capacity. The detail knowledge of sorption for various ions on graphene oxide surface is also crucial for graphene doping and purification. The surface sorption allowed synthesis of materials for catalysis with homogeneous distribution of catalytic active sites. The Hummers and Hoffman’s (permanganate and chlorate) methods were used to prepare two graphene oxides with different surface chemistry for investigation of sorption capacity across most of the ions within the periodic table. The sorption capacity was evaluated by XRF and ICP-OES, XPS, XRD, and S.
Predicting ductility in quaternary 
B2
-like alloys

Although intermetallics with a $B2$-type crystal structure are typically brittle, a class of $B2$ intermetallics that demonstrates unusually high ductility has been reported. A set of recently developed $B2$-like quaternary precious metal-rare earth alloys also includes compositions with significant ductility. To predict ductility in these systems, we have adapted a computational energy-based metric based on slip systems and relative stability of planar defects, developed to predict ductility in $B2$ binary systems, for use with quaternary $B2$-like alloys. The computational metric successfully predicts the experimentally-determined ductility or brittleness of 15 $B2$-like quaternary precious metal-rare earth and refractory alloys.