Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mn(3)(OAc)(6).CH(3)CN: a porous dehydrated manganese(II) acetate.

The crystal structure of a new form of dehydrated manganese(II) acetate, poly[[hexa-mu(3)-acetato-trimanganese(II)] acetonitrile solvate], {[Mn(3)(CH(3)COO)(6)]. CH(3)CN}(n), (I), reveals a three-dimensional polymeric structure based on an {Mn(3)} trimer. The {Mn(3)} asymmetric unit contains three crystallographically independent Mn positions, comprising a seven-coordinate center sharing a mirror plane with a six-coordinate center, and another six-coordinate atom located on an inversion center. Two of the four crystallographically independent acetate (OAc) ligands, as well as the acetonitrile solvent molecule, are also located on the mirror plane. The Mn atoms are connected by a mixture of Mn-O-Mn and Mn-OCO-Mn bridging modes, giving rise to face- and corner-sharing interactions between manganese polyhedra within the trimers, and edge- and corner-sharing connections between the trimers. The network contains substantial pores which are tightly filled by crystallographically located acetonitrile molecules. This structure represents the first porous structurally characterized phase of anhydrous manganese(II) acetate and as such it is compared with the closely related densely packed anhydrous manganese(II) acetate phase, solvent-free beta-Mn(OAc)(2).
Efficient Solutions to Autonomous Mapping and Navigation Problems

Stefan Bernard Williams Doctor of Philosophy The University of Sydney September 2001 Efficient Solutions to Autonomous Mapping and Navigation Problems This thesis deals with the Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping algorithm as it pertains to the deployment of mobile systems in unknown environments. Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM) as defined in this thesis is the process of concurrently building up a map of the environment and using this map to obtain improved estimates of the location of the vehicle. In essence, the vehicle relies on its ability to extract useful navigation information from the data returned by its sensors. The vehicle typically starts at an unknown location with no a priori knowledge of landmark locations. From relative observations of landmarks, it simultaneously computes an estimate of vehicle location and an estimate of landmark locations. While continuing in motion, the vehicle builds a complete map of landmarks and uses these to provide continuous estimates of the vehicle location. The potential for this type of navigation system for autonomous systems operating in unknown environments is enormous. One significant obstacle on the road to the implementation and deployment of large scale SLAM algorithms is the computational effort required to maintain the correlation information between features in the map and between the features and the vehicle. Performing the update of the covariance matrix is of O(n3) for a straightforward implementation of the Kalman Filter. In the case of the SLAM algorithm, this complexity can be reduced to O(n2) given the sparse nature of typical observations. Even so, this implies that the computational effort will grow with the square of the number of features maintained in the map. For maps containing more than a few tens of features, this computational burden will quickly make the update intractable especially if the observation rates are high. An effective map-management technique is therefore required in order to help manage this complexity. The major contributions of this thesis arise from the formulation of a new approach to the mapping of terrain features that provides improved computational efficiency in the SLAM algorithm. Rather than incorporating every observation directly into the global map of the environment, the Constrained Local Submap Filter (CLSF) relies on creating an independent, local submap of the features in the immediate vicinity of the vehicle. This local submap is then periodically fused into the global map of the environment. This representation is shown to reduce the computational complexity of maintaining the global map estimates as well as improving the data association process by allowing the association decisions to be deferred until an improved local picture of the environment is available. This approach also lends itself well to three natural extensions to the representation that are also outlined in the thesis. These include the prospect of deploying multi-vehicle SLAM, the
Mutation rate in human microsatellites.

To the Editor:It is common knowledge that mutation rates of DNA (minisatellite and microsatellite) loci can differ by orders of magnitude. Obviously, the mutation rate is closely related to the degree of polymorphism, which in turn is expressed by the respective heterozygosity rate.In their article, Brinkmann et al. (1998xMutation rate in human microsatellites: influence of the structure and length of the tandem repeat. Brinkmann, B, Klintschar, M, Neuhuber, F, Huhne, J, and Burkhard, R. Am J Hum Genet. 1998; 62: 1408–1415Abstract | Full Text | Full Text PDF | PubMed | Scopus (480)See all References1998) confirmed the observation that mutation events in the male germ line may be significantly more frequent than mutation events in the female germ line. They reported that the ratio of paternal to maternal mutations is an impressive 17:3. Because a similar “behavior” was already known for many DNA minisatellites, this trend could have been expected for highly polymorphic short tandem-repeat loci as well (Henke et al. 1993xDNA-minisatellite mutations: recent investigations concerning distribution and impact on parentage testing. Henke, J, Fimmers, R, Baur, MP, and Henke, L. Int J Legal Med. 1993; 105: 217–222Crossref | PubMed | Scopus (14)See all References1993; Olaisen et al. 1993xHuman VNTR mutation and sex. Olaisen, B, Bekkemoen, M, Hoff-Olsen, P, and Gill, P. : 63–69CrossrefSee all References1993; Henke and Henke 1995xRecent observations in human DNA-minisatellite mutations. Henke, J and Henke, L. Int J Legal Med. 1995; 107: 204–208Crossref | PubMed | Scopus (12)See all References1995). If this is taken into consideration, the compilation of mutations in table 1table 1 gives rise to following questions: Why do Brinkmann et al. (1998xMutation rate in human microsatellites: influence of the structure and length of the tandem repeat. Brinkmann, B, Klintschar, M, Neuhuber, F, Huhne, J, and Burkhard, R. Am J Hum Genet. 1998; 62: 1408–1415Abstract | Full Text | Full Text PDF | PubMed | Scopus (480)See all References1998) compile the overall number of meioses with respect to the number of mutations? If one takes into consideration that their data are extremely important in parentage testing, would it not be more meaningful to produce a table that unambiguously shows the frequency of mutations in paternal and in maternal meioses? Mutation rates that we found in a recent study are given in table 1table 1.Table 1No. of Maternal and Paternal Mutations and MeiosesNo. of Mutations/ No. of MeiosesLocusMaternalPaternalCSF1PO0/2370/165D13S3170/2580/178D18S510/2862/205D21S111/2673/189D3S13580/2570/176D5S8180/2580/178D7S8200/2562/176D8S11790/2130/149FGA0/3073/218ACTBP20/4025/315THO10/3940/301TPOX0/2400/167VWA1/2580/178
The syntax and semantics of the proposed international algebraic language of the Zurich ACM-GAMM Conference

This paper gives a summary of the syntax and interpretation rules of the proposed international algebraic language put forward by the Zurich ACM-GAMM Conference, followed by a formal , complete presentation of the same information. Notations are presented for numbers, numerical variables, Boolean variables , relations, n-dimensional arrays, functions, operators and algebraic expressions. Means are provided in the language for the assignment of values to variables, conditional execution of statements , iterative procedures, formation of compound statements from sequences of statements, definition of new statements for arbitrary procedures, and the re-use and alteration of program segments. The proposed language is intended to provide convenient and concise means for expressing virtually all procedures of numerical computation while employing relatively few syntactical rules and types of statement. La syl1taxe et la semantique de langage algebraic international propose par la Conference de Zurich (ACM et GAMM). L'autcur caracterise brievement la syntaxe et les regles d'inter-pretation du langage algebrique international propose a la Conference de Zurich (ACM-GAMM) puis en donne un expose formel et complet. II indique les notations utilisees pour designer les nombres, les variables numeriques ou booIeennes, les relations, les agencements pluri-dimensionnels, les fonctions, les operateurs et les expressions algebriques. Ce langage permet d'exprimer difierentes operations: affectation de valeurs aux variables, execution conditionnelle des expressions, procedes iteratifs, formation d'expressions complexes a partir d'une suite d'expressions elementaires, definition de nouvelles expressions pour des operations arbitraires, reemploi et modification de certaines parties du programme. Le lang age envisage est conyu pour permettre d'exprimer la quasi totalite des procedes de calcul numerique de maniere com-mode et concise a l'aide d'un nombre relativement restreint de regles de syntaxe et d'expressions-types.
Microbial diversity in failed endodontic root-filled teeth.

BACKGROUND Persistent/secondary infections of human root canals play an important role in the failure of endodontic treatment. This study used 16S rRNA sequencing to assess microbial diversity in root-filled teeth associated with failed endodontic treatment. METHODS DNA was extracted from 15 teeth with persistent intraradicular infections, and the 16S rRNA of all present bacteria were amplified by PCR, followed by cloning and sequencing of the 16S rRNA amplicons. RESULTS All sample extracts were positive for PCR amplification using the universal 16S rRNA gene primers. Negative control reactions yielded no amplicons. Sixty-five phylotypes belonging to seven phyla were identified from 760 clones; a mean of 9.4 phylotypes were detected in each sample (range 3 - 15). Twenty-eight phylotypes were detected in more than one sample, revealing a high inter-sample variability. Parvimonas micra (60%, 9/15), Solobacterium moore (47%, 7/15), Dialister invisus (33%, 5/15), Enterococcus faecalis (33%, 5/15), Filifactor alocis (27%, 4/15), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (27%, 4/15) were the prevalent species. Nineteen as-yet-uncultivated phylotypes were identified, comprising a substantial proportion of the bacteria in many cases. CONCLUSIONS Persistent intraradicular infections were present in all root-filled teeth associated with failed endodontic treatment. The current observations reveal new candidate endodontic pathogens, including as-yet-uncultivated bacteria and phylotypes that may participate in the mixed infections associated with post-treatment apical periodontitis.
Risk Premia at the ZLB: A Macroeconomic Interpretation

Long-term interest rates have fallen to historically low levels since the Great Recession started. One potential contributor are low premia for inflÂ‡ation and interest rate risk. We show how a fairly standard New Keynesian macroeconomic model generates lower inflÂ‡ation and interest rate risk premia when the economy becomes close to the zero lower bound (ZLB). In particular, the inÂ‡flation risk premia switches from positive to negative. We provide evidence consistent with this mechanism: since 2009, investors seem to view inflÂ‡ation as more positively correlated with the price of risky assets.
Hemispherical glass shell resonators fabricated using Chemical Foaming Process

This paper presents a new and simple fabrication method, Chemical Foaming Process (CFP), to prepare 3-D wineglass resonant shells for gyroscope application. The gas evolved by the thermal decomposition of the foaming agents is used as the driving force to foam the glass into 3-D smooth and symmetric hemispherical structures. The 3-D structures are characterized by Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM) and Scanned Electronic Microscopy (SEM). Results show that 3-D hemispherical shell wineglass structures with smooth surface and symmetric structures are demonstrated successfully.
Systemic therapy for gastric cancer and adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction: present status and future directions

Gastric cancer is a major worldwide problem and is a leading cause of death. The incidence of distal gastric cancer is declining; however, there has been a rapid rise in the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction, which is a more aggressive entity. Combination chemotherapy has significant activity in the treatment of both of these diseases, improving overall survival and quality of life. Despite these improvements, median survival remains at ∼ 9 months in patients who are diagnosed at stage IV. This review examines recent advances in the treatment of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma and gastric cancer, newer agents and the potential agents that are in development, which can be logically applied to the treatment of this devastating disease.
Enhancement by calcium of the detection of cytomegalovirus in cells treated with dexamethasone and dimethyl sulfoxide

MRC-5 cultures treated with dexamethasone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and calcium were compared with untreated cultures and cultures treated with dexamethasone and dimethyl sulfoxide for the detection of human cytomegalovirus by the shell vial method. The addition of calcium resulted in significantly increased growth of human cytomegalovirus AD169. Protein studies and cell counts showed renewed cell proliferation in the treated cultures. When low-titer clinical specimens were retested, 27.5% of all positives revealed were found only on the vials treated with calcium. In a group of freshly tested specimens, the calcium-treated group accounted for 20% of the positives.
Temporal Water Quality Assessment of Langat River from 1995-2006

Water quality is generally described according to biological, chemical and physical properties (Coke et al 2005). Based on these properties, the quality of water can be expressed via a numerical index (i.e. Water Quality Index, WQI) by combining measurements of selected water quality variables. The index is important in evaluating the water quality of different sources and in observing the changes in the water quality as a function of time and other influencing factors (Sarkar and Abbasi 2006). The time when samples are taken is one of the contributing factors that can influence the concentration of a particular water quality variable (Coke et al 2005). Thus, temporal assessment is a good indication in determining the presence or absence of trend and seasonality to which water quality is responding to changes in the catchment and time.
GLUTATHIONE CONJUGATES AND THEIR SYNTHETIC DERIVATIVES AS INHIBITORS OF GLUTATHIONE-DEPENDENT ENZYMES INVOLVED IN CANCER AND DRUG RESISTANCE

Alterations in levels of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-dependent enzymes have been implicated in cancer and multidrug resistance of tumor cells. The activity of a number of these, the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1, glutathione S-transferase, DNA-dependent protein kinase, glyoxalase I, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, can be inhibited by GSH-conjugates and synthetic analogs thereof. In this review we focus on the function of these enzymes and carriers in cancer and anti-cancer drug resistance, in relation to their inhibition by GSH-conjugate analogs.
Constants of the motion, universal time and the Hamilton-Jacobi function in general relativity

In most text books of mechanics, Newton's laws or Hamilton's equations of motion are first written down and then solved based on initial conditions to determine the constants of the motions and to describe the trajectories of the particles. In this essay, we take a different starting point. We begin with the metrics of general relativity and show how they can be used to construct by inspection constants of motion, which can then be used to write down the equations of the trajectories. This will be achieved by deriving a Hamiltonian-Jacobi function from the metric and showing that its existence requires all of the above mentioned properties. The article concludes by showing that a consistent theory of such functions also requires the need for a universal measure of time which can be identified with the "worldtime" parameter, first introduced by Steuckelberg and later developed by Horwitz and Piron.
Mixing-layer height retrieval with ceilometer and Doppler lidar: from case studies to long-term assessment

Abstract. Aerosol signatures observed by ceilometers are frequently used to derive mixing-layer height (MLH) which is an essential variable for air quality modelling. However, Doppler wind lidar measurements of vertical velocity can provide a more direct estimation of MLH via simple thresholding. A case study reveals difficulties in the aerosol-based MLH retrieval during transition times when the mixing layer builds up in the morning and when turbulence decays in the afternoon. The difficulties can be explained by the fact that the aerosol distribution is related to the history of the mixing process and aerosol characteristics are modified by humidification. The results of the case study are generalized by evaluating one year of joint measurements by a Vaisala CT25K and a HALO Photonics Streamline wind lidar. On average the aerosol-based retrieval gives higher MLH than the wind lidar with an overestimation of MLH by about 300 m (600 m) in the morning (late afternoon). Also, the daily aerosol-based maximum MLH is larger and occurs later during the day and the average morning growth rates are smaller than those derived from the vertical wind. In fair weather conditions classified by less than 4 octa cloud cover the mean diurnal cycle of cloud base height corresponds well to the mixing-layer height showing potential for a simplified MLH estimation.
The Hairpin Loop but Not the Bulged C of the Iron Responsive Element Is Essential for High Affinity Binding to Iron Regulatory Protein-1*

Vertebrates control intracellular iron concentration principally through the interaction of iron regulatory proteins with mRNAs that contain an iron responsive element, a small hairpin with a bulged C. The hairpin loop and bulged C have previously been assumed to be critical for binding and have been proposed to make direct contact with the iron regulatory proteins. However, we show here that a U or G can be substituted for the bulged C provided that specific nucleotides are also present within internal loops. The K d , IC50 and chemical modifications of the iron responsive element variants are similar to the wild-type. Results are more consistent with a role in which the C-bulge functions to orient the hairpin for optimal protein binding rather than to directly contact the protein. Characterization of these novel iron responsive element variants may facilitate the identification of additional mRNAs whose expression is controlled by iron regulatory proteins, as well as provide insight into the nature of a critical RNA-protein interaction.
Serum Luteinizing Hormone Concentrations Increase 100-Fold in Females From 7 Years of Age to Adulthood, as Measured by Time-Resolved Immunofluorometric Assay

The increases in serum immunoreactive (RIA) LH and FSH concentrations during puberty are small and of limited value in the evaluation of pubertal development. We, therefore, used highly sensitive time-resolved immunofluorometric assays to evaluate the changes in LH andFSH during female puberty. The sensitivity of the LH assay was 0.02 IU/L, and that of the FSH assay was 0.01 IU/L. Fifty normal premenarcheal girls, 7–12 yr old, 15 postmenarcheal girls, 16 to 17 yr old, and 15 adult women, 24–29 yr old, were studied. Inpostmenarcheal women, the blood samples were taken on cycle days 4–7. Serum estradiol concentrations were measured by RIA, and pubertal stages were graded. Serum LH levels in prepubertal girls were very low; the meanconcentration was 0.05 IU/L. All girls less than 10 yr of age had serum LH concentrations below 0.2 IU/L, whileFSH levels varied from 0.3–2.0 IU/L. The earliest significant changes in serum LH, FSH, and estradiol levels took place simultaneously at 9–10 yr of age. The increasein s.
Alphavirus Vectors in Vaccine Development

The high-level heterologous gene expression provided by alphavirus vectors has accelerated their applications in vaccine development. The versatility of alphavirus vectors has allowed their use in the form of recombinant viral particles, naked RNA and layered DNA molecules for immunization. The most commonly used alphaviruses have been Semliki Forest virus, Sindbis virus and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus. Numerous viral structural proteins have been used as antigens to generate neutralizing antibodies in immunized animals. Vaccination has demonstrated protection against challenges with lethal doses of viruses. Moreover, vaccination with tumor antigens has demonstrated prophylactic protection against cancer. Novel approaches include the application of RNA interference and microRNA. The other side of the coin is the development of vaccines against alphaviruses themselves, and typically the Chikungunya virus.
A 14,000-Mr envelope protein of vaccinia virus is involved in cell fusion and forms covalently linked trimers

A monoclonal antibody, MAbC3, that reacts with a 14,000-molecular-weight envelope protein (14K protein) of vaccinia virus completely inhibited virus-induced cell fusion during infection. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence studies revealed that the 14K protein was synthesized at about 6 to 7 h postinfection and transported from the cytoplasm to the cell surface. Synthesis and transport of the 14K protein during infection occurred in the presence of rifampin, an inhibitor of virus maturation. One- and two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analyses demonstrated that the 14K protein forms largely trimers (42K) that are covalently linked by disulfide bonds. The facts that MAbC3 prevents virus uncoating and blocks virus-induced cell fusion but does not prevent virus attachment to cells and the 14K envelope protein forms trimers all suggest that this protein plays major role in virus penetration.
Rapid Stabilization of Sands with Deep Mixing Method Using Polyester

Rapid stabilization of weak soils is one of the important and current topics in geotechnical researches such as military application and stabilization of landslides. Deep mixing is an improvement method applied in the form of creating mixed columns which involves in-situ mixing of soil and lime or Portland cement with special equipment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing polymers as a binder for rapid stabilization of sandy soils with deep mixing method. For this purpose, a series of unconfined compression tests were conducted on three dierent sandy soils improved with polyester. In the experiments, polyester was used at three dierent ratios of 10%, 20% and 30% and samples cured for 3 hour, 1, 3, 7 and 28 days. The laboratory test results of 3 hours samples showed that soils mixed with adequate polyester could reach a similar strength range of 28 days cured soils improved with cement or lime which was reported in the literature. The unconfined compressive strength increased with the increasing polyester ratio, effective diameter, and relative density and curing period, whereas, the changes on unconfined compressive strength were insignificant with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles. The overall evaluation of results has revealed that polyester is a good promise and a potential candidate for rapid deep mixing applications.