Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A systematic review on distributed denial of service attack defense mechanisms in programmable networks

Design flaws and vulnerabilities inherent to network protocols, devices, and services make Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) a persisting threat in the cyberspace, despite decades of research efforts in the area. The historical vertical integration of traditional IP networks limited the solution space, forcing researchers to tweak network protocols while maintaining global compatibility and proper service to legitimate flows. The advent of Software‐Defined Networking (SDN) and advances in Programmable Data Planes (PDP) changed the state of affairs and brought novel possibilities to deal with such attacks. In summary, the ability of bringing together network intelligence to a control plane, and offloading flow processing tasks to the forwarding plane, opened up interesting opportunities for network security researchers unlike ever. In this article, we dive into recent research that relies on SDN and PDP to detect, mitigate, and prevent DDoS attacks. Our literature review takes into account the SDN layered view as defined in RFC7426 and focuses on the data, control, and application planes. We follow a systematic methodology to capture related articles and organize them into a taxonomy of DDoS defense mechanisms focusing on three facets: activity level, deployment location, and cooperation degree. From the analysis of existing work, we also highlight key research gaps that may foster future research in the field.
Non-native Helix lucorum Linnaeus, 1758 (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Helicidae) after twelve years in Prague, Czech Republic

The first occurrence of Helix lucorum Linnaeus in the Czech Republic was reported 12 years ago, at the closed train station Žižkov in Prague. A part of the station is a ruderal habitat while large patches are covered with partly damaged concrete. At the site where it was first recorded, and where the density of H. lucorum is still the highest, this invasive snail has now almost completely replaced the original H. pomatia Linnaeus. However, it has not expanded either inside or outside the station area. Key worDs: invasive species; Helix lucorum; Prague; Czech Republic
Analysis of Physics University Students' Knowledge and Understanding of Thermodynamic Scientists

Received March 21, 2021 Revised May 05, 2021 Accepted May 21, 2021 Available Online May 24, 2021 This study aims to determine the knowledge and understanding of physics students related to thermodynamic scientists. This research method is descriptive quantitative and qualitative. Collecting data using a google form-based test instrument with 3 levels of questions on six scientist figures, namely Joseph Black, Robert Boyle, Joseph Louis Gay Lussac, Sadi Carnot, James Presscout Joule, and Gabriel Fahrenheit. The subjects of this research were students of physics at the State University of Surabaya in levels one and two who had taken basic physics courses. Based on research data, the percentage of respondents understanding related to thermodynamics, namely 12% did not know thermodynamics scientists, 24% only knew thermodynamics scientists, 40% understood the concept of thermodynamic scientists sufficiently, 24% understood the concept and could explain the concept of thermodynamic scientists findings as a whole. University students' knowledge and understanding related to thermodynamic scientists are mostly at the level of understanding. The most widely known figure of thermodynamic scientists and the concept of the most widely understood is Robert Boyle and the most unknown is Joseph Louis Gay Lussac.
Investigation of Vibrational Properties and Ferroelectric Instability of Doped Perovskite Barium Titanate (BaTi0.6Nb0.2Fe0.1O3)

The structural and vibrational properties of doped and non-doped tetragonal barium titanate were predicted from density functional theories (DFT) with LDA and GGA/PW91. The doped structures were doped with niobium ion (Nb5+) and ferrous (Fe2+) that substitute at the titanium sites. All possible structures were generated and assessed. The results indicate that the splitting of phonon modes was observed in doped structures which have been considered responsible for the ferroelectric instability.
Enforceability of rights in the temporary agency sector: The case of Belgium

This study explores why temporary agency workers are disadvantaged compared to regular workers regarding their employment-related and social rights in Belgium despite extensive equal rights regulation. Fifteen in-depth interviews among temporary agency workers were analysed thematically. The enforceability of rights poses the main problem in temporary agency workers’ disadvantaged position. The following manifestations of a lack of enforceability are discussed: (1) lack of enforceability due to ignorance and indifference about rights; (2) vulnerability hindering enforceability; and (3) lack of enforceability due to misuse by employers and cutting corners. It is argued that this problem of enforceability is mainly caused by a lack of a clear allocation of responsibilities as to who should ensure the rights of temporary agency workers.
Hydraulic Fracture Propagation and Permeability Evolution in the Composite Thin Coal Seam

Hydraulic fracturing can improve the permeability of composite thin coal seam. Recently, characterizing hydraulic fracture (HF) propagation inside the coal seam and evaluating the permeability enhancement with HF extension remain challenging and crucial. In this work, based on the geological characteristics of the coal seam in a coal mine of the southwest China, the RFPA2D-Flow software is employed to simulate the HF propagation and its permeability-increasing effect in the composite thin coal seam, and a couple of outcomes were obtained. (1) Continuous propagation of the hydraulic microcrack-band is the prominent characteristic of HF propagation. With the increment of the injection-water pressure, HF generation in the composite thin coal seam can be divided into three stages: stress accumulation, stable fracture propagation, and unstable fracture propagation. (2) The hydraulic microcrack-band propagates continuously driven by the fluid-injection pressure. The microcrack-band not only cracks the coal seam but also fractures the gangue sandwiched between the coal seams. (3) The permeability in the composite thin coal seam increases significantly with the propagation of hydraulic microcrack-band. The permeability increases by 1~2 magnitudes after hydraulic fracturing. This study provides references to the field applications of hydraulic fracturing in the composite thin coal seam, such as optimizing hydraulic fracturing parameters, improving gas drainage, and safe-efficient mining.
Workplace Innovation and Organizational Performance in the Hospitality Industry

Change has become continuous, and innovation is a primary approach for hospitality, i.e., hotel companies, to become or remain economically viable and sustainable. An increasing number of management researchers are paying more attention to workplace rather than technological innovation. This study investigates workplace innovation in the Dutch hotel industry, in three- and four-star hotels in the Netherlands, by comparing them to other industries. Two samples were questioned using the Workplace Innovation survey created by the Dutch Network of Social Innovation (NSI). The first was conducted in the hospitality industry, and these data were compared with data collected in a sample of other industries. Results suggest that greater strategic orientation on workplace innovation and talent development has a positive influence on four factors of organizational performance. Greater internal rates of change, the ability to self-organize, and investment in knowledge also had positive influences on three of the factors—growth in revenue, sustainability, and absenteeism. Results also suggest that the hospitality industry has lower workplace innovation than other industries. However, no recent research has assessed to what degree the hospitality industry fosters workplace innovation, especially in the Netherlands. Next to that, only few studies have examined management in the Dutch hotel industry, how workplace innovation is used there, and whether it improves practices.
Automated Solvent‐Free Polymerization of Hyperbranched Polyglycerol with Tailored Molecular Weight by Online Torque Detection

Polymerization processes with high reproducibility, traceability, and nontoxic compounds are required for biomedical applications. Here an automated solvent-free polymerization of hyperbranched polyglycerol has been established on a multiple-hundred gram scale. Performed is an anionic ring-opening multibranching (ROMB) polymerization with slow addition of glycidol. The solvent-free approach avoids commonly used organic solvents during the polymerization and work-up. Due to the automation of the polymerization process a high reproducibility and traceability is accomplished. The used reactor is equipped with an anchor stirrer and stirrer control, which measures the applied torque. A linear correlation of the increasing torque and the degree of polymerization is observed, which can be used to monitor the molecular weight in situ during the polymerization.
Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity and Its Relationship with Soil Properties in Camellia oleifera

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are well known for their important physiological implications on diversified host plants, while the information on AMF diversity and its relationship with soil properties of Camellia oleifera is yet not fully understood. In the proposed study, high-throughput sequencing of small subunit ribosomal RNA was performed to analyze the AMF diversity of the rhizosphere and endosphere of 20-year-old C. oleifera Xianglin in the field at Wuhan (China) and their relationship with soil physico-chemical properties. As high as 30.73–41.68% of the roots of C. oleifera were colonized by indigenous AMF with a spore density of 66–111 spores/10 g soil. The surface soil (0–20 cm) showed significantly higher root fungal colonization, spore density, soil hyphal length, and easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein content than the sub-surface soil (20–40 cm). Soil pH value, available K, and NO3−-N content affected the root and soil mycorrhizal development, whilst soil pH proved to be the most influential soil property governing their variability. A total of 467 OTUs associated with AMF were detected from the endosphere and rhizosphere, representing 10 genera and 138 species, of which 295 OTUs and 9 genera were jointly observed. The genus Glomus displayed maximum relative abundance (>86%) in both endosphere and rhizosphere. Scutellospora was detected in the endosphere, but absent in the rhizosphere. The endosphere recorded a relatively higher number of OTUs and alpha diversity indices (Shannon, Simpson, and PD index) of AMF than rhizosphere. Our study, hence, revealed that C. oleifera in fields was mainly colonized by Glomus, coupled with comparatively greater AMF diversity in the endosphere than in the rhizosphere, governed predominantly by soil pH, NO3−-N content, and available K content.
Product Design: Metal Nanoparticle-Based Conductive Inkjet Inks

A systematic procedure that provides an efficient workflow for formulating conductive inks is developed. Qualitative product attributes of the inkjet ink are first identified and transformed into quantitative product specifications. Ingredients are then selected based on heuristics, mechanistic, and empirical models to meet the product specifications. Printability checks based on theoretical criteria are used to ensure that stable droplets can in principle be formed and coalesced properly to form a printed line of ink. Then, the conductive ink is prepared and printed to evaluate the performance of the inkjet ink experimentally. An example of preparing a copper ink for inkjet printing is used to illustrate the systematic procedure. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2740–2753, 2016
Design and synthesis of polythiophene containing phenyl substituents

Les caracteristiques structurales necessaires a l'obtention de polymeres stables et tres conducteurs par polymerisation electrolytique de thiophenes substitues par des groupes phenyl ou aryl sont determinees: presence d'un groupe espaceur de 3 ou 4 atomes d'oxygene ou de carbone entre le motif thiophene et le groupe aryl, substitution du groupe phenyl par un groupe electroattracteur plutot qu'electrodonneur
Simple methods of analyzing proteins and amino acids in small pollen samples

For many hymenopteran insects, floral pollen is essential for survival and development. Nutritional analysis of floral pollen is important to understand plant–pollinator interactions. Here, we evaluated a simple method for measuring proteins and amino acids in pollen; it requires samples far smaller than are required by conventional methods. We used a fluorometer for quantitative analysis of protein and investigated its accuracy with small samples (0.01–2.99 mg). Quantitative and qualitative analysis of amino acids was performed by conventional HPLC methods but with smaller samples (0.05–3.0 mg). The two analyses were highly accurate with samples of ≥1.0 mg. Our method allows nutritional analysis of pollen from a wide range of flower species, including those producing only small amounts of pollen, contributing to a better understanding of the interactions between flowers and flower-visiting insects.
Analysis of Thermodynamic Parameter Variability in a Chamber of a Furnace for Thermo-Chemical Treatment

This paper presents results of research on unevenness of cylinder heating in a furnace for thermo-chemical treatment. Experimental research was conducted with respect to nitriding. Various heating speeds and settings of the fan operation in the furnace were considered. Boundary conditions were calculated in the form of temperature and the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) on the cylinder boundary in four planes along the cylinder length. Calculations were performed with the use of the inverse problem for non-linear and unsteady heat conduction equations. Boundary conditions from individual planes were compared with the mean value of them all. The variability of the calculated boundary conditions (temperature and HTC) along the cylinder length was investigated based on values of the absolute and relative differences for temperature and HTC. Estimates: mean value, mean value from the absolute value and the maximum values for the absolute and the relative differences of temperature and HTC were also calculated. Estimates were the measurements of the unevenness of cylinder heating in a furnace for thermo-chemical treatment. Based on the results of our research, it was found that an increase of the fan rotational speed from 50% to 100%, with the same heating speed, resulted in a significant leveling of temperature in the analyzed planes. The difference in temperature along the cylinder length was reduced from 6.8 °C to 3.3 °C. The increase of the heating speed from 5 °C/min to 10 °C/min resulted in an increase of the unevenness of the cylinder heating. Values of the absolute differences of temperature in the analyzed planes with reference to the mean temperature changed from an interval from −2.7 °C to 2.3 °C to a range from −4 °C to 5 °C. In processes with a heating speed greater than 5 °C/min, more intensive heating in the end part of the cylinder (close to the cylinder) was achieved than it was in other planes. It was proven by temperature values, which were higher, even, by 5.4 °C, and by HTC values, higher by 11.4 W/m2K, when compared with mean values. Obtained results can form the basis for nitriding process optimization.
A young linguistic and cultural mediator: a case of trilingual siblings’ interaction

ABSTRACT Siblings play crucial roles in each other’s cognitive and language development because they observe, imitate, and receive guidance and support from each other during their interactions. In this research, we examined trilingual siblings (ages 6 and 9) from an immigrant family with a rarely explored cultural background (American-born children of Korean Chinese parents) and their multilingual interactions with a researcher. Employing cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) and Vygotsky’s notion of mediation (Vygotsky, 1978), we particularly focused on the roles that the older multilingual sibling took on during interactions and what mediations of meaning-making took place that created learning opportunities. Our analysis was based on the interaction data between the siblings. Findings revealed that the older sibling played a unique role as a linguistic and cultural mediator, assisting meaning-maintaining processes in multilingual interactions by providing interlingual and intralingual interpretation and transferring linguistic and cultural knowledge. Given the current educational landscape that prioritizes learning English, and the complexities of maintaining three languages for trilingual children, this study adds to the literature highlighting the unique roles multilingual children can play in expanding others’ languages, literacies, and cultures, as well as facilitating multilingual communicative events.
Band Structure Tuning of TiO2 for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Doping with anion and cation impurities is an effective approach to tune the photoelectrochemical properties of TiO2. Here, we explore the Rh monodoping and (Rh + F) codoping effect on electronic structures and photocatalytic activities of anatase TiO2 by performing extensive density functional theory calculations. Upon Rh monodoping, the band gap of TiO2 can be effectively reduced. But this cationic dopant creates an unoccupied intermediate localized state within the band gap, which will act as photogenerated carrier recombination center, which reduces the photocatalytic efficiency. Fortunately, we find that the stable charge-compensated donor–acceptor pair (Rh + F) codoping in TiO2 can effectively reduce the band gap by forming a delocalized intermediate band within the band gap. Moreover, the band edge alignment in the (Rh + F) codoped TiO2 is desirable for water splitting. The calculated optical absorption curve of (Rh + F) codoped TiO2 verifies that it has significantly improved visible light absorpt.
Structural Investigation of α- and β-Sodium Hexafluoroarsenate, NaAsF6, by Variable Temperature X-ray Powder Diffraction and Multinuclear Solid-State NMR, and DFT Calculations

We report the phase transition between the α- and β-phases of NaAsF6 monitored by DTA, variable temperature 19F solid-state NMR and temperature controlled X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) as well as their crystalline structures determined from XRPD data. The structural type of β-NaAsF6 has been determined thanks to 19F and 75As solid-state NMR experiments. 19F, 23Na, and 75As NMR parameters, including 19F–75As 1J coupling, have been measured for both phases. The 19F, 23Na, and 75As solid-state NMR investigations are in full agreement with both crystalline structures from a qualitative point of view. Chemical shielding tensors have been calculated from the gauge including projector augmented wave approach. The electric field gradient tensors of 23Na and 75As have been calculated in α-NaAsF6 from the all-electrons method and the projector augmented-wave approach. Two difficulties were encountered: the libration of the rigid and regular AsF6– anions in the β-phase, highlighted by the atomic anisotropic displa.
IMPACT Measures Tool: Scoring Guidebook

This document outlines how the four categories– cost, usability, cultural relevance (CR), and technical merit (TM)— assessment scores were calculated for the IMPACT Measures Tool. In our ongoing refinement of the IMPACT scoring system, we are continuously researching the information provided by measure developers so as to incorporate these details into how a measure is scored by our system.
Violence Exposure, Aggressive Cognitions & Externalizing Behaviors among Colombian Youth: The Moderating Role of Community Belongingness

Limited work has focused on understanding mechanisms through which violence negatively impacts youth outcomes. The present study investigates how three different facets of violence exposure (witnessing violence, victimization and armed conflict) relate to Colombian youth externalizing behaviors via the indirect influence of aggressive cognitions and the moderating role of community belongingness. Data were from a sample of students (N = 3,483) in public high schools in Colombia. Findings indicated all three facets of violence were positively associated with youth externalizing behaviors. Armed conflict and witnessing community violence positively predicted externalizing behaviors via the indirect effect of aggressive cognitions. Community belongingness moderated the association between armed conflict and witnessing on aggressive cognitions. Results highlight the need for understanding risk and protective factors from a contextual lens. The role of community belongingness as a resilience factor is discussed, as such it has implications for intervention programs targeting youth at greater risk to violence exposure.
Sentiment
analysis of social media content in Croatian hotel industry

While social media have become a daily routine in modern society, brand communication and engagement with customers have become essential elements of marketing strategy and success in the tourism and hotel industry. This revolution of social media, in tourism and hospitality marketing, contributed to the rise of a novel sentiment analysis from a machine learning and natural language processing point of view. The purpose of the study is: to provide a general descriptive overview of comments posted by Facebook page followers; to identify specific textual attributes of hotel brand posts on social media and to apply the sentiment analysis to Facebook comments from four- and five-star hotel brands in Croatia to identify and compare customers’ feelings and attitudes towards the staff, services and products that hotel brands promote by posting messages on Facebook pages. To analyse hotel brand sentiments, the authors collected a total of 4,248 comments and 2,373 postings in English, German and Italian. The results showed that the comments on four- and five-star hotel brands expressed predominantly positive sentiments. Despite the positively oriented sentiments in the comments, Facebook page followers are predominantly passive users and do not tend to comment actively. The results can be used by marketers in the tourism and hospitality industry to plan their future social media communication strategies.
When a Good Thing Becomes a Better Thing: The Role of Lateral Display in Upcycled Product Advertisements

Abstract An upcycled product—a new product created from reused waste materials—has two identities: a past identity derived from the source materials and a present identity associated with the product’s current value. This research investigates how the lateral display of an upcycled product’s past identity relative to its present identity changes consumers’ evaluations of upcycled product advertisements and their word-of-mouth (WOM) intentions. Across four studies, including an eye-tracking experiment, we demonstrate that consumers evaluate an upcycled product advertisement more (vs. less) favorably when the product’s past identity is presented to the left (vs. the right) of its present identity, which, in turn, affects consumers’ WOM on social media. We suggest that this lateral display effect is driven by consumers’ spatial representation of time. Our research carries managerial implications for marketing professionals who want to effectively advertise their upcycled products and contributes to the literature on upcycling by demonstrating the role of past-identity location in upcycled product advertisements.