Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cloned and transfected P2Y4 receptors: characterization of a suramin and PPADS‐insensitive response to UTP

The P2Y family of receptors are G protein‐coupled receptors for ATP, ADP, UTP and UDP. Recently several members of this family have been cloned, including the P2Y4, which is activated by UTP but not by ATP. In the present report, using receptors stably transfected into 1321N1 cells, we show that suramin acts as an antagonist at cloned P2Y1 and (less potently) P2Y2 receptors, but not at the cloned P2Y4 receptor. Furthermore, PPADS (pyridoxal‐phosphate‐6‐azophenyl‐2′,4′‐disulphonic acid), a potent antagonist at the P2Y1 receptor, is a relatively inneffective antagonist at the cloned P2Y4 receptor. This work moves us closer to the goal of classifying the native P2Y receptors on the basis of agonist and antagonist profiles.
A Novel Underwater Scene Reconstruction Method

This paper describes a novel software for underwater scene reconstruction by using guided trigonometric bilateral filtering and wavelength conception. Scattering and color distortion are two major distortion issues for underwater optical imaging. Our key contributions are proposed include a novel underwater model to compensate for the attenuation discrepancy along the propagation path and a fast guided trigonometric bilateral filtering enhancing and color correction. The enhanced images are characterized by a reduced noised level, better exposure of the dark regions, and improved global contrast where the finest details and edges are enhanced significantly. Consequently, our enhancement method achieves higher quality than other state-of-the-art methods.
Effects of erbium-and chromium-doped yttrium scandium gallium garnet and diode lasers on the surfaces of restorative dental materials: a scanning electron microscope study.

AIM The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential effects of laser irradiation, which is commonly performed in periodontal surgery, on the surfaces of restorative materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five different restorative dental materials were used in this study, as follows: (1) Resin composite, (2) poly acid-modified resin composite (compomer), (3) conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), (4) resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), and (5) amalgam. Four cylindrical samples (8 mm diameter, 2 mm height) were prepared for each restorative material. In addition, four freshly extracted, sound human incisors teeth were selected. Two different laser systems commonly used in periodontal surgery were examined in this study: A 810 nm diode laser at a setting of 1 W with continuous-phase laser irradiation for 10 s, and an erbium-and chromium-doped yttrium scandium gallium garnet (Er, Cr: YSGG) laser at settings of 2.5 W, 3.25 W, and 4 W with 25 Hz laser irradiation for 10 s. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed to evaluate the morphology and surface deformation of the restorative materials and tooth surfaces. RESULTS According to the SEM images, the Er, Cr: YSGG laser causes irradiation markings that appear as demineralized surfaces on tooth samples. The Er, Cr: YSGG laser also caused deep defects on composite, compomer, and RMGIC surfaces because of its high power, and the ablation was deeper for these samples. High-magnification SEM images of GIC samples showed the melting and combustion effects of the Er, Cr: YSGG laser, which increased as the laser power was increased. In amalgam samples, neither laser left significant harmful effects at the lowest power setting. The diode laser did cause irradiation markings, but they were insignificant compared with those left by the Er, Cr: YSGG laser on the surfaces of the different materials and teeth. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that Er, Cr: YSGG laser irradiation could cause distortions of the surfaces of restorative materials. Diode lasers can be preferred for periodontal surgery.
Decoding the transcriptional basis for GABAergic interneuron diversity in the mouse neocortex

The locally projecting GABAergic interneurons of the mammalian cerebral cortex are a highly heterogeneous population, whose malfunction or deficit has been implicated in a wide range of neurological disorders. However, the low incidence of the various distinct interneuron populations within the neocortex, combined with the lack of molecular or physiological markers specific to these subtypes, have hampered investigations into their function in the normal and dysfunctional brain. A number of research groups have begun to elucidate the developmental genetic mechanism that underpins this diversity in the mouse neocortex, spurred on by the knowledge that the temporal and spatial origin of an interneuron in the embryonic brain is predictive of its eventual intrinsic properties in the mature cortex. In this review we highlight a number of recent findings that strengthen our understanding of the transcription factor code that is at the heart of generating this diversity. Further understanding of this code will enable selective observation, targeting and manipulation of interneuron subtypes across both in vitro and in vivo systems.
Ameliorative effect of methanol extract of Rumex vesicarius on CCl4-induced liver damage in Wistar albino rats

Abstract Context: Rumex vesicarius L. (Polygonaceae), an edible plant, is reported to have many bioactive phytochemicals, especially flavonoids and anthraquinones with antioxidant and detoxifying properties. Objective: This study evaluated the methanolic extract of R. vasicarius (MERV) for hepatoprotective activity in rats against CCl4-induced liver damage. Materials and methods: The whole plant extract was prepared and investigated for its hepatoprotective activity. Rats were pretreated with MERV (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) for 7 d prior to the induction of liver damage by CCl4. Animals were then sacrificed 24 h after CCl4 administration for the biochemical (AST, ALT, and ALP activity in serum; lipid peroxidation (LPO) and glutathione (GSH) levels in liver tissue) and histological analyses. Results: CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity was confirmed by an increase (p < 0.05) in serum AST (4.55-fold), ALT (3.51-fold), and ALP (1.82-fold) activities. CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity was also manifested by an increase (p < 0.05) in LPO (3.88-fold) and depletion of reduced glutathione (3.14-fold) activity in liver tissue. The multiple dose MERV administration at 200 mg/kg showed promising hepatoprotective activity as evident from significant decrease levels of serum AST (230.01 ± 13.21), serum ALT (82.15 ± 5.01), serum ALP (504.75 ± 19.72), hepatic LPO (3.38 ± 0.33), and increased levels of hepatic glutathione (0.34 ± 0.04) towards near normal. Further, biochemical results were confirmed by histopathological changes as compared with CCl4-intoxicated rats. Discussion and conclusion: The results obtained from this study indicate hepatoprotective activity of Rumex plant against CCl4-induced liver toxicity; hence, it can be used as a hepatoprotective agent.
Biomarkers of Collecting Duct Injury in Han-Wistar and Sprague-Dawley Rats Treated with N-Phenylanthranilic Acid

N-phenylanthranilic acid is a chloride channel blocker that causes renal papillary necrosis in rats. Studies were conducted in two strains of male rats to evaluate novel biomarkers of nephrotoxicity. Han-Wistar rats were given daily oral doses of 50, 350, or up to 700 mg/kg/day of NPAA, and Sprague-Dawley rats were given 50 or 400 mg/kg/day of NPAA. Rats were euthanized on days 8 and 15. The candidate kidney injury biomarkers renal papillary antigen-1 (RPA-1, for collecting duct injury), clusterin (for general kidney injury), α-glutathione-S-transferase (a proximal tubular marker), and µ-glutathione-S-transferase (a distal tubular marker) were measured in urine by enzyme immunoassay. Characteristic degeneration and necrosis of the collecting duct and renal papilla were observed in Han-Wistar rats at the high dose on day 8 and at the mid and high doses on day 15, and in Sprague-Dawley rats given the high dose on days 8 and 15. Increases in urinary RPA-1, and to a lesser extent urine clusterin, were generally associated with the presence of collecting duct injury and were more sensitive than BUN and serum creatinine. On the other hand, decreases in α-glutathione-S-transferase without proximal tubule lesions in both strains and decreases in µ-glutathione-S-transferase in Sprague-Dawley rats only were not associated with morphological proximal or distal tubule abnormalities, so both were of less utility. It was concluded that RPA-1 is a new biomarker with utility in the detection of collecting duct injury in papillary necrosis in male rats.
Development of a handheld human head scanner based on an RGB-D sensor

The accessible acquisition of 3D models of human heads has many applications, such as anthropological studies, ergonomic product design and digital avatar animation. In this paper we introduce a low-cost system that accurately reconstructs 3D models of the human head using a consumer RGB-D sensor. Our proposed system uses an RGB-D sensor (i.e. the Microsoft Kinect) as the 3D sensing device and the KinectFusion algorithm as our reconstruction method. A segmentation algorithm based on face detection methods on the RGB images is applied to the 3D reconstructed model of the human, resulting in an automatic human head scanning device.
Accessibility of Peptides Displayed on Filamentous Bacteriophage Virions: Susceptibllity to Proteinases

The genome of the filamentous bacteriophage fd has been engineered so that small peptides can be inserted into the exposed N-terminal segment of pVIII, the major protein of the virus capsid. Most small peptides can be displayed on all 2700 copies of pVIII (a recombinant virion), but larger peptides can be displayed only in virions in which modified and wild-type proteins are intermingled (hybrid virions). Peptides displayed in this way are highly immunogenic and capable of interacting with receptors and other ligands. The physical accessibility of the displayed peptides was tested by examining their susceptibility to digestion with proteinases. Potential cleavage sites in peptides displayed on recombinant or hybrid virions were in general found to be accessible to trypsin and chymotrypsin; and the density of incorporation of peptides in the virion had no effect on the susceptibility to cleavage. However, peptide bonds towards the C-terminal end of an insert, located approximately 47 residues or fewer from the C-terminus of the coat protein, were protected from digestion, presumably because of their proximity to the bulk viral surface. These results have important implications for the design and optimization of peptide display systems using filamentous bacteriophages.
KNEE STRENGTH AND SLIP SEVERITY IN YOUNG AND OLDER ADULTS

INTRODUCTION Falls initiated by slips are a major cause of serious injury in the elderly population (Moyer, 2005). Studies have shown a possible correlation between lower extremity muscle strength, which decreases with age, and slip severity (Lockhart, 2005). However, these studies did not focus on the knee, which plays an important role in sliprecovery attempts (Moyer, 2005/2006). Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between knee flexion/extension (KF/KE) strength and slip severity in young and older adults.
Adipose Development: From Stem Cell to Adipocyte

ABSTRACT Cell culture models have been developed to study commitment and subsequent differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 commits mesenchymal stem cells to the adipose lineage. Other factors, including Wnt signaling, cell density, and cell shape, play a role in lineage commitment. Following commitment to the adipose lineage, growth-arrested preadipocytes can differentiate to adipocytes by treatment with insulin-like growth factor 1, glucocorticoid and an agent that increases cAMP level. This process is characterized by a rapid and transient increase in CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) β and synchronous re-entry into the cell cycle. Acquisition of DNA-binding by C/EBPβ occurs after the transcription factor becomes phosphorylated. The cells enter a growth-arrested state and begin terminal differentiation. C/EBPα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and adipocyte determination, and differentiation-dependent factor 1 coordinate the expression of genes that create and maintain the adipocyte phenotype.
AGE AND MOVEMENT OF A HYBRID ZONE: IMPLICATIONS FOR DISPERSAL DISTANCE IN POCKET GOPHERS AND THEIR CHEWING LICE

Historical flood records for the Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico suggest that a pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae) hybrid zone previously thought to be 10,000 years old may actually be closer to 50 years old. Measured zone width (defined genetically) is consistent with the hypothesis of recent contact, if we assume a reasonable dispersal distance of approximately 400 m/year for pocket gophers. A five‐year study of movement of the contact zone between the two species of chewing lice that parasitize these pocket gophers also is consistent with the hypothesis of recent origin of the zone.
SEM Image Denoising and Contour Image Estimation using Deep Learning

The estimation of line and contour geometries from real SEM images is a challenging problem due to the corruption of such images by Poisson noise, edge effects, and other SEM artifacts. We attempt simultaneous contour edge image prediction and SEM image denoising using a deep convolutional neural network LineNet2. To capture a range of edge effects in real SEM images, we simulate a training dataset of rough line SEM images with random edge effect parameters. We train the LineNet2 network on this training dataset and randomly rotate the images during the training phase. The retrained LineNet2 shows the ability to denoise real SEM images of line and contour geometries. We measure the line edge roughness (LER) parameter in isolated and dense regions of rough line images through multiple LER methods. Our experiments also demonstrate that the network can learn to recognize contour edges just by rotating rough line images.
The Structure of Parabolic Subgroups

Suppose G is a real connected simple noncompact Lie group with (using standard notation) Iwasawa decomposition G = KAN . If M = Z(A)\K, the group B = MAN is a minimal parabolic subgroup of G. Since A is a vector group and N is a simply connected nilpotent group, the topological structure of B is determined by the structure of M. When G is a linear group the structure of M is well known. However, if G is not a linear group there is very little available information about M. Our purpose here is to give a description of the group M for any connected, simply connected, nonlinear simple group G.
EHR Implementation in South Africa: How do we get it right?

In an environment of expanding demand on the health care system to provide equitable, accessible and safe health care, usage of information communication technology is one of the strategies identified to fulfil such expectations. Electronic Health Record (EHR) is an important tool towards achieving better health care using such technology, although, across the world EHR implementation has experienced a high failure rate. Nevertheless South Africa has made a strategic decision to implement EHR system in the public health sector. An evaluation toolkit was developed, to measure the state of readiness of health institutions in South Africa in implementing EHR based on Kaplan and Norton's work on Balanced Score Card (BSC), and the subsequent variant model developed by Protti. A Critical Success Factor (CSF) scorecard to assess the state of readiness and a Balanced Score Card matrix to be used as a strategic framework was developed. These tools were validated using critiques by a panel of experts. The toolkit developed has the potential to assist the organization towards a better EHR implementation path.
Failure to convulse with ECT

operate a strict non-prescribing policy. A significant proportion of our notifications were provided by â€œ¿ non-statutoryâ€• sources such as voluntary agencies and drug users themselves. Although multisource enumeration methods are expensive and time consuming, they demonstrate the independence of different sources of information. The value of indi vidual sources for continued monitoring varies from place to place and from time to time, according to patterns of local service provision and the views of the users themselves about the value of the different agencies. Local knowledge is vital for making choices about which agencies reflect trends most accurately, and choices may need to be revised as patterns of service use change over time.
DNA nanostructures constructed with multi-stranded motifs

Abstract Earlier studies in DNA self-assembly have foretold the feasibility of building addressable nanostructures with multi-stranded motifs, which is fully validated in this study. In realizing this feasibility in DNA nanotechnology, a diversified set of motifs of modified domain lengths is extended from a classic type. The length of sticky ends can be adjusted to form different dihedral angles between the matching motifs, which corresponds to different connecting patterns. Moreover, the length of rigidity core can also be tuned to result in different dihedral angles between the component helices of a certain motif therefore different numbers of component helices. The extended set of motifs is used for self-assembly of complex one dimensional, two dimensional and three dimensional structures.
A robust, segmental method for text independent speaker identification

A robust, segmental method for text independent speaker identification is presented. Probability models are created from training data for each of the speakers of interest. The test sessions are then segmented and the statistics from each segment along with the models are used to compute scores for each speaker. Robust methods are described for combining the scores over all segments into one score. This process is carried out for each of the segment statistics which are combined to form a final score. Zero errors are obtained on a subset of the Switchboard corpus consisting of 24 speakers using six 60 second training sessions for each speaker and 97 thirty second tests. <<ETX>>
Nutritional value of algal diets to clam spat Venerupis pullastra

Clam spat Venerupis pullastra were fed for 4 wk on &ets of 2 species of microalgae supplied singly or mixed. Microalgae were Isochrysis galbana and Tetraselmis suecica, species normally used in bivalve hatcheries. Observed growth responses were high for mixed and I. galbana diets and intermediate for the T suecica diet. A slightly higher growth rate was obtained with the mixed diet than with the I. galbana diet. Differences in growth rate were explained by differences in rates of ingestion and digestibility and in the biochemical composition of diets. The intermediate growth rate for spat fed on T. suecjca was related to lower ingestion rates, lower assimilation efficiencies and lower dietary protein and lipid content. Spat biochemical composition was correlated with growth indices. Lower growth indices were related to lower protein and higher lipid content of spat. The high growth response to the mixed diet was not explained by the factors considered.
Characterization of porphyrins of rat Harderian gland by thin layer chromatography and mass spectrometry: no evidence for a tricarboxylic acid porphyrin.

Reversed-phase TLC systems using ion-pairing reagents are described for the separation without prior derivatization of the porphyrins of rat Harderian gland. Porphyrins with R(f) values greater than protoporphyrin but smaller than coproporphyrin, representing harderoporphyrin, were labile to 1 m NaOH, which converted them to protoporphyrin, inconsistent with the established literature that harderoporphyrin is a tricarboxylic acid porphyrin. It was confirmed by HPLC/electrospray ionization MS that this 'harderoporphyrin' fraction consists of the recently characterized glycoconjugate, protoporphyrin-1-O-acyl beta-xyloside, with trace amounts of protoporphyrin-1-O-acyl beta-glucoside.
Muscle Myostatin Expression in Children With Muscle Diseases

The demonstration that myostatin may negatively regulate muscle mass in adult individuals has raised the possibility of targeting the myostatin pathway to increase muscle growth in a variety of muscle-degenerative and -wasting conditions. To gain further insight into the possible role of myostatin in primary muscle diseases, the authors investigated the expression of muscle myostatin in children with congenital fiber type 1 disproportion, in others with neurogenic muscular atrophy, in others with myotonia congenita, in others with infantile glycogenosis type II, in others with Prader-Willi syndrome, and in 4 age-matched controls. No differences in the pattern of myostatin expression were found in any case, even in those patients with prominent muscular atrophy or hypertrophy. These findings suggest that muscle alterations that can be observed in primary muscle diseases do not depend on changes in myostatin expression.
Usefulness of the Logistic Clinical Syntax Score in Prediction of Saphenous Vein Graft Failure in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

We investigated the association between the preoperative logistic clinical syntax score (log CSS), saphenous vein graft (SVG) patency, and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Of 1875 patients undergoing isolated CABG between 2009 and 2011, 267 patients, who later underwent coronary angiography, were included in the study. The primary end point was at least 1 graft occlusion on the follow-up coronary angiogram. The secondary end point was a composite of MACCE. In multivariate analysis, log CSS was found as a strong predictor of SVG failure (odds ratio [OR] 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46-0.94, P = .02; and OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.02-4.75, P = .04, respectively): log CSS was also associated with MACCE (P = .001 and P < .001, respectively). The addition of clinical parameters to the anatomical SYNTAX score, termed as “log CSS”, augmented the accuracy and reliability of the prediction of SVG failure and MACCE in patients undergoing CABG.
An effective content-based web image searching engine algorithm

This paper provides an effective content-based web image searching engine based on SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) feature matching. SIFT descriptors, which are invariant to image scaling and transformation and rotation, and partially invariant to illumination changes and affine, present the local features of an image. To decrease unavailable features matching, a dynamic probability function replaces the original fixed value to determine the similarity distance and database from training images. Then, by using pretreatment of the source images, the keypoints will be stored to the XML format, which can improve the searching performance. Finally, the results displayed to the user through the HTML. The experimental results show that this method improves the stability and precision of image searching engine.