Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nested Domain Decomposition with Polarized Traces for the 2D Helmholtz Equation

We present a solver for the 2D high-frequency Helmholtz equation in heterogeneous, constant density, acoustic media, with online parallel complexity that scales empirically as $\mathcal{O}(\frac{N}{P})$, where $N$ is the number of volume unknowns, and $P$ is the number of processors, as long as $P = \mathcal{O}(N^{1/5})$. This sublinear scaling is achieved by domain decomposition, not distributed linear algebra, and improves on the $P = \mathcal{O}(N^{1/8})$ scaling reported earlier in [44]. The solver relies on a two-level nested domain decomposition: a layered partition on the outer level, and a further decomposition of each layer in cells at the inner level. The Helmholtz equation is reduced to a surface integral equation (SIE) posed at the interfaces between layers, efficiently solved via a nested version of the polarized traces preconditioner [44]. The favorable complexity is achieved via an efficient application of the integral operators involved in the SIE.
Active Defense-Based Resilient Sliding Mode Control Under Denial-of-Service Attacks

This paper investigates the problem of the resilient control for cyber-physical systems (CPSs) in the presence of malicious sensor denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, which result in the loss of state information. The concepts of DoS frequency and DoS duration are introduced to describe the DoS attacks. According to the attack situation, that is, whether the attack is successfully implemented or not, the original physical system is rewritten as a switched version. A resilient sliding mode control scheme is designed to guarantee that the physical process is exponentially stable, which is a foundation of the main results. Then, a zero-sum game is employed to establish an effective mixed defense mechanism. Furthermore, a defense-based resilient sliding mode control scheme is proposed and the desired control performance is achieved. Compared with the existing results, the differences mainly lie in two aspects, that is, one where a switched model is obtained, based on which the average dwell-time like approach is utilized to derive the resilient control scheme, and the other where the zero-sum game in employed to make the attacks satisfy the concepts of DoS frequency and DoS duration. Finally, simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed resilient control approach.
‘If you’re wrong for the place you just don’t survive’: examining the work of early career teachers in context

ABSTRACT This article presents evidence from across the segregated secondary school system in NSW, Australia, through the close analysis of three cases of teachers’ work in contrasting schooling contexts. Through this comparative approach, the relationship between school context and the work of the early career teacher is foregrounded, troubling views of teaching as reflecting a certain kind of life cycle in which early career teachers in particular are seen to be subject to pressures such as stress and burnout. In contrast, I argue that specificities of context, exacerbated by a market-based policy approach which has driven greater levels of differentiation between schools, have particular consequences for teachers, both in the nature and scale of the challenges with which they are faced. In demonstrating how teachers’ work is affected by context, I also speak back against recent, often ill-defined discourses of ‘classroom readiness’ and ‘teacher quality’, which emphasise the roles of teachers and teacher educators rather the systems within which they work.
Opposite Expression Patterns of Spry3 and p75NTR in Cerebellar Vermis Suggest a Male-Specific Mechanism of Autism Pathogenesis

Autism is a genetically complex neurobehavioral disorder with a population prevalence of more than 1%. Cerebellar abnormalities, including Purkinje cell deficits in the vermis, are consistently reported, and rodent models of cerebellar dysfunction exhibit features analogous to human autism. We previously analyzed the regulation and expression of the pseudoautosomal region 2 gene SPRY3, which is adjacent to X chromosome-linked TMLHE, a known autism susceptibility gene. SPRY3 is a regulator of branching morphogenesis and is strongly expressed in Purkinje cells. We previously showed that mouse Spry3 is not expressed in cerebellar vermis lobules VI–VII and X, regions which exhibit significant Purkinje cell loss or abnormalities in autism. However, these lobules have relatively high expression of p75NTR, which encodes a neurotrophin receptor implicated in autism. We propose a mechanism whereby inappropriate SPRY3 expression in these lobules could interact with TrkB and p75NTR signaling pathways resulting in Purkinje cell pathology. We report preliminary characterization of X and Y chromosome-linked regulatory sequences upstream of SPRY3, which are polymorphic in the general population. We suggest that an OREG-annotated region on chromosome Yq12 ∼60 kb from SPRY3 acts as a silencer of Y-linked SPRY3 expression. Deletion of a β-satellite repeat, or alterations in chromatin structure in this region due to trans-acting factors, could affect the proposed silencing function, leading to reactivation and inappropriate expression of Y-linked SPRY3. This proposed male-specific mechanism could contribute to the male bias in autism prevalence.
Nitrogen Application after Plant Growth Regulator Herbicide Drift Reduces Soybean Growth and Yield

Abstract The success of dicamba-tolerant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] has revived concerns about plant growth regulator (PGR) herbicide exposure to conventional soybean. In laboratory studies, soybean root nodulation is inhibited by excess auxin, which is the mechanism of action of PGR herbicides. Soybean exposed to PGRs in a field environment may have a similar response, and if nodulation is compromised, nitrogen (N) fixation may be reduced, with subsequent seed yield or protein content decreases. Many soybean–N studies report minimal impact to soybean yield. However, if soybeans show foliar PGR injury symptoms, could N application compensate for a potential nodulation inhibition response? This study examined the response of non–PGR tolerant soybean to N after exposure to low doses of 2,4-D and dicamba applied once (at soybean growth stages V1, V3, and early reproduction [R1 or R2]) or twice (V1 + V3 or V3 + R). N was either foliar or soil applied at early (∼5 d after PGR application) or late (10 d after PGR application) timings. Nodulation and plant growth were evaluated at R3, and grain yield and seed protein and oil content were quantified at maturity. Plant biomass and nodulation were reduced by 10% with some PGR treatments, and early foliar N application after PGR injury resulted in reduction up to 25%. N applications to non–PGR treated soybean did not increase yield. Soybean treated with PGR at V1 or V3, with or without N, had yields similar to control treatments. However, yield reductions of up to 20% were observed when PGRs were applied at V5 or R stages or when double PGR applications were followed by early foliar N application. Seed protein and oil content were not affected by PGR or N treatment.
Combined Influence of Health Behaviors on Total and Cause-Specific Mortality

was associated with all-cause mortality in 2 cohorts of institutionalized older people. These people may be at high risk of death due to infections, hip fractures, and vascular complications—adverse events that have been associated with PPIs. However, our unpublished analyses revealed no association between PPIs and 3-year mortality in 400 home-dwelling cardiovascular patients 75 years or older in the Drugs and Evidence-Based Medicine in the Elderly (DEBATE) study conducted in Helsinki from 2000 through 2003. As with all observational studies there is the possibility of confounding. Proton pump inhibitors may be prescribed for gastroprotection to users of low-dose aspirin, NSAIDs, and SSRIs. However, these drugs were not associated with mortality. Our data highlight the need for urgent research into the risks vs benefits of routinely prescribing PPIs to older people in long-term care.
Human–agent transfer from observations

Abstract Learning from human demonstration (LfD), among many speedup techniques for reinforcement learning (RL), has seen many successful applications. We consider one LfD technique called human–agent transfer (HAT), where a model of the human demonstrator’s decision function is induced via supervised learning and used as an initial bias for RL. Some recent work in LfD has investigated learning from observations only, that is, when only the demonstrator’s states (and not its actions) are available to the learner. Since the demonstrator’s actions are treated as labels for HAT, supervised learning becomes untenable in their absence. We adapt the idea of learning an inverse dynamics model from the data acquired by the learner’s interactions with the environment and deploy it to fill in the missing actions of the demonstrator. The resulting version of HAT—called state-only HAT (SoHAT)—is experimentally shown to preserve some advantages of HAT in benchmark domains with both discrete and continuous actions. This paper also establishes principled modifications of an existing baseline algorithm—called A3C—to create its HAT and SoHAT variants that are used in our experiments.
Accounting for gene tree uncertainty improves gene tree accuracy as well as duplications, transfers and losses predictions

We propose a reconciliation heuristic accounting for gene duplications, losses and horizontal transfers that specifically takes into account the uncertainties in the gene tree. Rearrangements are tried for gene tree edges that are weakly supported, and are accepted whenever they improve the reconciliation cost. We prove useful properties on the dynamic programming matrix used to compute reconciliations, which al- lows to speed-up the tree space exploration when rearrangements are generated by Nearest Neighbor Interchanges (NNI) edit operations. Experimental results on simulated and real data confirm that running times are greatly reduced when considering the above-mentioned optimization in comparison to the naive rearrangement procedure. Results also show that gene trees modified by such NNI rearrangements are closer to the correct (simulated) trees and lead to more correct event predictions on average. The program is available at http://www.atgc-montpellier.fr/Mowgli/
Theoretical Study in Estimating Mineral Compositions From Spectral Measurements With a Bayesian Approach

We propose a systematic Bayesian method for inferring the mineral composition of rock samples from transmission Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements. Currently available FTIR inversion methodologies depend on measuring pure minerals, using them within least-squares approaches with a hand-tuned noise model, and implementing ad hoc post-processing of the obtained solution. Within the proposed data-driven framework, we replaced these previous inversion approaches with the automatic training and estimation steps. In this approach, the linear operator, comparable with the FTIR spectral standards (FTIR spectra of end-members or pure minerals), is estimated or trained on a calibration set of rock samples for which the mineral composition has been accurately determined by other means in the laboratory. With this linear operator, we then quantify the spectral-noise covariance matrix from the calibration set, which forms the basis of our estimation of the Bayesian posterior uncertainty on a mineral-composition estimate. This quantification of uncertainty in mineral estimation is a novel feature that can be used as a reliability measure. The uncertainty also describes the correlation between estimates of mineral-weight fractions, indicating which pairs of minerals cannot be independently estimated. Our Bayesian model also addresses the uncertainty propagated from the estimated linear operator and thus captures a possible mismatch of the model parameter from the true operator (i.e., semiblindness of the model). We demonstrate the advantages of our approach by performing experiments with synthetic data.
Resources and Future Availability of Agricultural Biomass for Energy Use in Beijing

The increasing importance of lignocellulosic biomass based energy production has led to an urgent need to conduct a reliable resource supply assessment. This study analyses and estimates the availability of agricultural residue biomass in Beijing, where biomass energy resources are relatively rich and is mainly distributed in the suburbs. The major types of crops considered across Beijing include food crops (e.g., maize, winter wheat, soybean, tubers and rice), cotton crops and oil-bearing crops (e.g., peanuts). The estimates of crop yields are based on historical data between 1996 and 2017 collected from the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The theoretical and collectable amount of agricultural residues was calculated on the basis of the agricultural production for each crop, multiplied by specific parameters collected from the literature. The assessment of current and near future agricultural residues from crop harvesting and processing resources in Beijing was performed by employing three advanced modeling methods: the Time Series Analysis Autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model, Least Squares Linear Regression and Gray System Gray Model (GM) (1,1). The results show that the time series model prediction is suitable for short-term prediction evaluation; the least squares fitting result is more accurate but the factors affecting agricultural waste production need to be considered; the gray system prediction is suitable for trend prediction but the prediction accuracy is low.
Beamforming Design and Performance Analysis of Full-Duplex Cooperative NOMA Systems

We consider downlink non-orthogonal multiple access transmission where an access point communicates with a set of near and far users via a full-duplex multiple antenna relay. To deal with the inter-user interference at the near user and self-interference at the relay, we propose the optimum and suboptimal beamforming schemes. In addition, we consider two different user selection criteria, namely: 1) random near user and random far user (RNRF) selection and 2) nearest near user and nearest far user (NNNF) selection, and we derive the outage probabilities of the near and far users. Our findings reveal that as compared to half-duplex operation, full-duplex relaying can reduce the outage probability of the near users up to 63% in the case of NNNF user selection. With suboptimal beamforming schemes, the NNNF user selection shows a superior performance as compared to the RNRF user selection for all choices of transmit power, while with the optimum beamforming, the performance of the RNRF user selection converges to the NNNF user selection at high transmit power. The simulation results are provided to confirm the accuracy of the developed analytical results and facilitate a better performance comparison.
WAVETRISK-1.0: an adaptive wavelet hydrostatic dynamical core

Abstract. This paper presents the new adaptive dynamical core wavetrisk. The fundamental features of the wavelet-based adaptivity were developed for the shallow water equation on the β plane and extended to the icosahedral grid on the sphere in previous work by the authors. The three-dimensional dynamical core solves the compressible hydrostatic multilayer rotating shallow water equations on a multiscale dynamically adapted grid. The equations are discretized using a Lagrangian vertical coordinate version of the dynamico model. The horizontal computational grid is adapted at each time step to ensure a user-specified relative error in either the tendencies or the solution. The Lagrangian vertical grid is remapped using an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) algorithm onto the initial hybrid σ-pressure-based coordinates as necessary. The resulting grid is adapted horizontally but uniform over all vertical layers. Thus, the three-dimensional grid is a set of columns of varying sizes. The code is parallelized by domain decomposition using mpi, and the variables are stored in a hybrid data structure of dyadic quad trees and patches. A low-storage explicit fourth-order Runge–Kutta scheme is used for time integration. Validation results are presented for three standard dynamical core test cases: mountain-induced Rossby wave train, baroclinic instability of a jet stream and the Held and Suarez simplified general circulation model. The results confirm good strong parallel scaling and demonstrate that wavetrisk can achieve grid compression ratios of several hundred times compared with an equivalent static grid model.
Manual for Developing Intercultural Competencies

cije nužnost ljudskoga napretka i razvoja. Mnogo je načina i alata za razvijanje znanja, vještina i stavova u postizanju bolje interkulturalne interakcije u svim poljima društvenoga života. Knjiga prikazuje pregled pristupa i alata za razvijanje interkulturalnih kompetencija, s posebnim naglaskom na alat nazvan Story Circles – studijski krugovi – koji se može koristiti u različitim situacijama i kontekstima širom svijeta. Studijski krugovi predstavljaju samo jedan od mnogih alata koji pomažu u razvoju interkulturalnih kompetencija. Autorica knjige je Darla K. Deardorff, znanstvenica na Sveučilištu Duke, ujedno i autorica osam knjiga i više od pedeset članaka i poglavlja u knjigama, osnivačica je ICC Global-a i Svjetskoga vijeća za interkulturnu i globalnu kompetenciju, a usavršavala se na više sveučilišta širom svijeta. Knjigu je izdao UNESCO i važna je literatura za sve koji su zainteresirani za učinkovito upravljanje rastućom kulturnom raznolikošću unutar naših društava kako bi se osigurao inkluzivan i održivi razvoj istih. Tina VEKIĆ Sveučilište u Mostaru, Fakultet prirodoslovno-matematičkih i odgojnih znanosti / University of Mostar, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Education
Physical parameter estimation of an unbalanced disc system

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Influence of roll-to-roll system’s dynamics on axially moving web vibration

In this paper, a model for transverse web vibration in a roll-to-roll system is presented. Web axial tension and web axial speed, decisive parameters in the equation of motion that describes web vibration, are rigorously obtained by considering the two rolls-web coupled system’s dynamics, coupled with the equation of motion. According to the present analysis, the idealized simply-supported boundary conditions, commonly used in studies on vibrations of axially moving structures are not needed. Instead, a mathematical model comprised of the governing equation of web transverse vibration and the roll angular velocity – web axial tension relationship is solved as a coupled system. A finite-difference based algorithm is used for solving the coupled system of differential equations. It is worth noting that the web axial speed and web-transmitted tension are not constants when a certain amount of the web material is transferred from the unwinding roll to the winding roll; they vary nonlinearly after a short transient period. The transverse vibration response at selected points on the web span shows higher (lower) frequency fluctuations corresponding to lower (higher) transport axial speed. This behavior is significantly different from that of a vibrating web under constant axial speed and tension.
Effect of Encumbrances on Response to Sales Promotions

Sales promotions serve as important marketing tools to obtain immediate incremental sales. However, sales promotion campaigns are profitable only if the promotional offers (deals) can induce switch from competitor brands. However, redeeming deals may necessitate the purchase of less preferred brands and patronization of non-preferred stores, and incurring extra-expenses for subscribing to extra newspapers and magazines to obtain deals such as coupons and contests. Therefore, consumers may perceive brand, store and extra-expense encumbrances while responding to the deal offers. Thus, marketing strategists face an important question: whether these encumbrances have any impact on the consumers’ response to deals. This study addresses this question and finds significant positive effect of encumbrances on deal proneness. The study is carried out across multiple deal types and two product categories for generalization of the findings.
Subalpine tall-herb vegetation patterns: a case study from the Khamar-Daban Range (southern Baikal region, Eastern Siberia)

In this study, we present the first investigation of diversity and ecology of tall-herb vegetation (class Mulgedio-Aconitetea Hadač & Klika in Klika & Hadač 1944) on the Khamar-Daban Range, the generally assumed easternmost distribution limit of this class. We collected data of 162 relevés in the key area of the upper reaches of Bolshoi Mamai River, which is situated on the northern slope of the range. Tall-herb meadows occurred within a large altitudinal range from timberline to the watershed. We found that species richness was positively correlated with inclination and orientation of sites to warmer aspect. In contrast, strong pronounced microtopography and high organic layer thickness led to lower species richness. We divided the tall herb vegetation of the study region into seven community types, which clearly differed in ecological aspects. The results were approved by CCA or di nation, which stressed the relation of clusters to elevation, aspect, inclination, mic ro topography and organic layer. K e y w o r d s : tall-herb vegetation, floristic diversity, high-mountain vegetation ecology, ecological factors
Personality, Internet Addiction, and Other Technological Addictions

Research into technological addictions, such as Internet addiction, smartphone addiction and social networking addiction has greatly increased. It is important to understand how technological addictions may be related to different personality types and key individual differences associated to personality. This chapter provides empirical and conceptual insights into how technological addictions may be related to different personality types and key individual differences associated to personality. This chapter focuses on a number of technological addictions and illustrates how research and theory in this area has developed in relation to commonly researched personality traits (e.g., extraversion, introversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and narcissism) and key individual differences related to personality (e.g., personality disorders). The complex nature of personality and technological addictions is discussed together with areas for future research.