Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Determinants of Chilean Economic Growth

This paper is part of the project "Explaining Economic Growth Performance" launched by the Global Development Network (GDN). The purpose of this project is to explain economic growth performances across seven regions of the world. This paper provides a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the main factors behind Chilean growth: the main characteristics that made economic performance so average through the 1960s, so sensitive to the two major international crises in the early 1970s and early 1980s, and so simulative to growth rates and dampening to volatility from the mid-1980s onward. The first section looks at the history for the period under analysis. The next section uses a growth accounting exercise to approximate Total Factor Productivity (TFP). The results from that exercise are then used to conduct a multivariate time series analysis that includes several measures of economic distortions to assess which are important determinants (or consequences) of Chile's economic performance. Features found to be relevant are then incorporated into a model that attempts to quantify the growth effects of several shocks. Finally, the last section summarizes the main analytic conclusions and draws policy implications.
The Journal of Ethnobiology and Traditional Medicine Ph ton Anti-inflammatory Effects of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra Methanol Extract in Albino Male Mice

Background: Herbal medicines containing H. triquetrifolium which have been used in traditional Arab herbal medicine to treat various diseases; however, only few studies have been conducted to evaluate the eff ects of plant on inflammation, but the probable antiinflammatory effect of H. triquetrifolium in a rat model of carrageenan induced inflammation was explored. Methods: Total and absolute counts of leukocytes wa determined in albino males mice after interactions between the plant extract and cyclophosphoamide, in addition to assessment of anti-inflammatory activit y in a mouse model of carrageenan induced inflammation. Results: Compared to vehicle groups, the extract was able to normalize total and absolute counts of leuk ocytes and had strong anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusio n: The plant extract can be considered as an immune modulator agent with anti-inflammatory activity. Citation: Ibraheem R.M. , Abbood K.W. , Ad'hiah A.H. , 2014. Ant iinflammatory Effects of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra Methanol Extract in Albino Male Mice. The Journal o f Ethnobiology and Traditional Medicine. Photon 125, 10391045. All Rights Reserved with Photon. Photon Ignitor: ISJN66423194D745920062015
On-Road Deer Detection for Advanced Driver Assistance using Convolutional Neural Network

Animal-vehicle collision (AVC) is a major concern in road safety that affects human life, properties, and wildlife. Most of the collisions happen with large animals especially deer that enters the road suddenly. Furthermore, the threat is even more alarming in poor visibility conditions such as night-time, fog, rain, etc. Therefore, it is vital to detect the presence of deer on roadways to mitigate the severity of deer-vehicle collision (DVC). This paper presents an efficient methodology to detect deer on roadways both during the day and night-time conditions using deep learning framework. A two-class CNN model differentiating a deer from its background is developed. The background will have a few classes of objects such as motorcycles, cars, and trees which are frequently encountered on roadways. A self-constructed dataset with both RGB and thermal images is used to train the CNN model. Sliding window technique is used to localize the spatial region of deer in an image. The performance of the proposed CNN model is compared with state-of-the art classifiers and pre-trained CNN models and the results validate its effectiveness.
Numerical modelling of contracted sharp‐crested weirs and combined weir and gate systems

Discharge measurement and control structures are widely employed in hydraulic engineering applications. The objective of this study is to numerically investigate the modelling of two different structures, namely sharp‐crested weirs as Problem 1 and combined weir and gate systems as Problem 2. The research methodology herein is based on the comparison of results of numerical simulations with experimental data for both problems separately. For the purpose of performing numerical simulations, the Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations are solved by finite volume formulation using commercially available Flow‐3D software. Assessment of empirical data and numerical findings for both problems reveals that discharge rates agree reasonably well. In addition, using the capabilities of numerical modelling, weir and gate discharge coefficients in the combined system are calculated separately which were not easy to obtain in experimental studies. It is seen that gate and weir discharge coefficients of the combined system are different and higher than the corresponding coefficients of the individual systems. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Content-aware Data-plane for Efficient and Scalable Video Delivery

Internet users consume increasing quantities of video content with higher Quality of Experience (QoE) expectations. Network scalability thus becomes a critical problem for video delivery as traditional Content Delivery Networks (CDN) struggle to cope with the demand. In particular, content-awareness has been touted as a tool for scaling CDNs through clever request and content placement. Building on that insight, we propose a network paradigm that provides application-awareness in the network layer, enabling the offload of CDN decisions to the data-plane. Namely, it uses chunk-level identifiers encoded into IPv6 addresses. These identifiers are used to perform network-layer cache admission by estimating the popularity of requests with a Least-Recently-Used (LRU) filter. Popular requests are then served from the edge cache, while unpopular requests are directly redirected to the origin server, circumventing the HTTP proxy. The parameters of the filter are optimized through analytical modeling and validated via both simulation and experimentation with a testbed featuring real cache servers. It yields improvements in QoE while decreasing the hardware requirements on the edge cache. Specifically, for a typical content distribution, our evaluation shows a 22% increase of the hit rate, a 36% decrease of the chunk download-time, and a 37% decrease of the cache server CPU load.
Interactive Cloth Tearing

The topic of cloth tearing in real time is rarely explored, yet it has so many applications in different areas such as computer animations, videogames and interactive visual art. And to achieve the goal of interactivity this simulation task has to be performed with maximum efficiency while maintaining decent plausibility. This paper propose another approach to this problem, namely to provide users an interactive experience of tearing cloth or cloth-like materials that is pleasing and fun. This task is not simple due to its requirement of constantly updating cloth data structures while preventing numerical instability. Despite not being exactly physical accurate, the main goal here is to rather allowing users to have feedbacks interactively. The technique is implemented in OpenGL, and the results obtained are pleasing and plausible.
Factors affecting human resources development of SMEs: Evidence from the fourth Industrial revolution in Vietnam

This paper examines the factors affecting human resource for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Fourth Industrial Revolution in Vietnam by using survey data from labors who worked in SMEs in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam. It then empirically examines the relationship between human resource development and a range of factors, using Exploratory Factor analysis and Multivariate regression analysis. The results indicate that six factors were more strongly affected SMEs human resource development in Industry 4.0 such as SMEs human resource development policy, System of training and vocational institutions, The development of science and technology, State and provincial policies for human resource development for SMEs, Business manager and Individual employee. In Vietnam, State and provincial policies for SMEs human resource development is the most influential factor on human resource development in Industry 4.0. This paper investigates the factors influencing human resource development for SMEs enterprises in Industry 4.0 in Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam and analyses the current situation using relevant statistic data. Further, this model offers a blueprint for the successful policy implementation to solve the human resource development issues in the SMEs in Vietnam in Industry 4.0. Due to characteristics conditions, socio-economic conditions as well as the context in different countries and provinces of Vietnam, the factors and the level of influence on human resource development for SMEs in the province Thai Nguyen in the digital revolution is also different. The research has achieved basic objectives, content and methodology, which surveyed All affecting This study is based data collected form literature and focus only SMEs in Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam. The study could included countries other sectors also. Further researchers can conduct survey research to test the proposed model to determine which factors directly affect to policy implementation.
Centralizing equality reasoning in MCSAT

MCSAT is an approach to SMT-solving that uses assignments of values to first-order variables in order to try and build a model of the input formula. When different theories are combined, as formalized in the CDSAT system, equalities between variables and terms play an important role, each theory module being required to understand equalities and which values are equal to which. This paper broaches the topic of how to reason about equalities in a centralized way, so that the theory reasoners can avoid replicating equality reasoning steps, and even benefit from a centralized implementation of equivalence classes of terms, which is based on a equality graph (Egraph). This paper sketches the design of a prototype based on this architecture.
Intermittent and Continuous Rotary Ultrasonic Machining of K9 Glass: An Experimental Investigation

Rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) is a nontraditional and cost-effective machining method for hard and brittle materials, such as ceramics, optical glass, composite materials, and so on. RUM is a hybrid process that combines the material removal mechanisms of diamond abrasive grinding and ultrasonic machining. In RUM, a rotating cutting tool with metal-bonded diamond abrasive particles is ultrasonically vibrated in the axial direction while the tool spindle is fed toward the workpiece at a constant feedrate to remove material. It has been reported that continuous rotary ultrasonic machining has been successfully used to drill holes in K9 glass. Intermittent rotary ultrasonic machining is a newly introduced ultrasonic machining process, which uses a slotted cutting tool instead of a common metal bonded diamond cutting tool as used in continuous rotary ultrasonic machining. There has been no reported study to compare the effects of intermittent RUM and continuous RUM when machining K9 glass. This paper, for the first time, presents an experimental investigation to compare intermittent RUM and continuous RUM when machining K9 glass from the perspectives of cutting force, surface roughness, and chipping size.
Dual-Frequency Output of Wireless Power Transfer System with Single Inverter Using Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm

In wireless charging devices, a transmitter that applies a single inverter to output dual-frequency can effectively solve the charging incompatibility problem caused by different wireless charging standards and reduce the equipment volume. However, it is very difficult to solve the switching angle of the modulated dual-frequency waveform, which involves non-linear high-dimensional multi-objective optimization with multiple constraints. In this paper, an improved differential evolution (DE) algorithm is proposed to solve the transcendental equations of switching angle trains of dual-frequency programmed harmonic modulation (PHM) waveform. The proposed algorithm maintains diversity while preserving the elites and improves the convergence speed of the solution. The advantage of the proposed algorithm was verified by comparing with non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA II) and multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO). The simulation and experimental results validate that the proposed method can output dual-frequency with a single inverter for wireless power transfer (WPT).
Study on the chemical composition and extraction technology optimization of essential oil from Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc

1 Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People’s Republic of China. 2 Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People’s Republic of China.
Long-term Survival after resection for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: Impact of UICC staging and surgical procedure.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma is a rare disease with unfavorable prognosis resulting in low survival rates. This study aims to retrospectively assess the beneficial histopathological features and surgical procedures in long-term survivors (i.e., patients surviving perihilar cholangiocarcinoma for at least 2 y). MATERIAL AND METHODS In total, 322 patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma underwent surgery at our center. The follow-up ended in 2017; 76 patients survived for >2 y. The type of resection, UICC stage, and histopathological features were compared between three survival groups (>2-3, >3-5, and >5 y). RESULTS The >5-year-survival rate in our selected study cohort was 43.4% (>3-5 y,31.6% and >2-3 y, 25.0%), and 14.5% of the patients survived for >10 y after surgery. Patients with non-regional lymph node positive tumors and/or distant metastasis (i.e., UICC stage IVb; p=0.0112), R2 status (p=0.0288), and exploratory laparotomy only (p=0.0157) showed the poorest survival rates. Perineural invasion had no significant impact on the overall survival. However, 29.0% patients surviving for >5 y displayed the lowest perineural infiltration prevalence. Interestingly, Bismuth-Corlette stage IIIa (p=0.0467), especially caudate lobectomy (p=0.0034), was associated with disease-specific overall survival of >5y. CONCLUSION Complete/extended tumor resection with additional caudate lobe resection is strongly associated with long-term survival. Perineural infiltration as a negative prognostic marker for prolonged survival needs to be evaluated in larger study cohorts.
Experimental Study of Leakage Compensation for Actuator Speed Control in Electro-Hydraulic Systems

Hydraulic actuators are widely used on mobile equipment and robots, due to their good capability in positioning especially in servo system, fast and smooth response, high power density, environment tolerance, and compact size. Using actuators for constant speed operation hydraulic systems is highly required in many applications such as steel sheet rolling, pressing operations, production, oil and gas subsea applications assembly lines, robotics, aircrafts equipment and submarine systems. However, accepted positioning in the applications requires an accurate electro-hydraulic actuator facing several problems such as (internal and external leakage, backpressure, and load). A variable-pump and/or valve-controlled may be used to control the actuator velocity in a constant speed operation. The valve control may be done by using a proportional directional valve while the variable-pump may be used either by a variable displacement or variable speed pump. They may be used to satisfy the actuator flow-demand due to any system disturbance or system leakage. An experimental test rig has been carried out, equipped with variable displacement vane pump and 4/3 Electro-hydraulic proportional direction control valve EHPDV with its proportional amplifier, to investigate the hydraulic system performance and to measure the operating parameters to evaluate the system dynamic and steady state characteristics of the studied hydraulic system. The measured parameters have been directly connected to the data acquisition system to store the measured parameters. A LABVIEW program has been constructed to read the measured value from the sensors; displacement and pressure. Investigations have been carried out using both methods; pump control and valve control to decide which one is more effective in a certain operation conditions and pressure ranges in the experimental work. Results for different directional proportional valve setting and the variable vane pump speed have been illustrated to show their effect on the dynamic and steady state response of hydraulic cylinder. Intentionally, different system external leakages have been introduced to show its effect on the system performance. The leakage compensation has been shown to be achieved by either controlling the proportional electro-hydraulic valve input volt or controlling the pump speed through frequency modulator. Keywords— Leakage Compensation; Constant Speed Actuator.
An Improved Estimation of SuperDARN Heppner‐Maynard Boundaries Using AMPERE Data

Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) ionospheric convection maps are a powerful tool for the study of solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere interactions. SuperDARN data have high temporal (approximately minutes) and spatial (∼45 km) resolution, meaning that the convection can be mapped on fine time scales that show more detail than the large‐scale changes in the pattern. The Heppner‐Maynard boundary (HMB) defines the low‐latitude limit of the convection region, and its identification is an essential component of the standard SuperDARN convection mapping technique. However, the estimation of the latitude of this boundary is dependent on ionospheric scatter availability. Consequentially it is susceptible to nonphysical variations as areas of scatter in different latitude and local time regions appear and disappear, often due to changing propagation conditions. In this paper, the HMB is compared to an independent field‐aligned current data set from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE). A linear trend is found between the HMB and the boundary between the AMPERE Region 1 and Region 2 field‐aligned currents in the Northern Hemisphere, at both solar minimum and solar maximum. The use of this trend and the AMPERE current data set to predict the latitude position of the HMB is found to improve the interpretation of the SuperDARN measurements in convection mapping.
Contextualized Sparse Representations for Real-Time Open-Domain Question Answering

Open-domain question answering can be formulated as a phrase retrieval problem, in which we can expect huge scalability and speed benefit but often suffer from low accuracy due to the limitation of existing phrase representation models. In this paper, we aim to improve the quality of each phrase embedding by augmenting it with a contextualized sparse representation (Sparc). Unlike previous sparse vectors that are term-frequency-based (e.g., tf-idf) or directly learned (only few thousand dimensions), we leverage rectified self-attention to indirectly learn sparse vectors in n-gram vocabulary space. By augmenting the previous phrase retrieval model (Seo et al., 2019) with Sparc, we show 4%+ improvement in CuratedTREC and SQuAD-Open. Our CuratedTREC score is even better than the best known retrieve & read model with at least 45x faster inference speed.
Relations between Land Tenure Security and Agricultural Productivity: Exploring the Effect of Land Registration

This paper reviews the scholarly literature discussing the effect(s) of land registration on the relations between land tenure security and agricultural productivity. Using 85 studies, the paper focuses on the regular claim that land registration’s facilitation of formal documents-based land dealings leads to investment in a more productive agriculture. The paper shows that this claim is problematic for three reasons. First, most studies offer no empirical evidence to support the claim on the above-mentioned effect. Second, there are suggestions that land registration can actually threaten ‘de facto’ tenure security or even lead to insecurity of tenure. Third, the gendered realization of land registration and security may lead to uneven distribution of costs and benefits, but these effects are often ignored. Next to suggesting the importance of land information updating and the efficiency of local land management institutions, this paper also finds that more research with a combined locally-set approach is needed to better understand any relation(s) between land tenure security and agricultural productivity.
Factors Affecting Senior High School Students to Solve Three-Dimensional Geometry Problems

Geometry mastery is a must for high school students, affected by several factors such as learning approach (LA), gender, level of basic geometry competencies (BGC) and level of mathematical self-efficacy (MSE) among others. The purpose of this study is to examine those factors that affect the geometry problem solving (GPS) abilities of the students. This study involved 101 Indonesian high school students. They were divided into two groups based on the implemented LA, namely the investigative learning group and the direct instruction group. Data were collected through three instrument types, namely test of BGC, GPS, and MSE. The MSE scale consists of two models namely mathematics test-taking self-efficacy (MTSE) and mathematical skill self-efficacy (MSSE). Data were analyzed using ANOVA techniques, path analysis, and error analysis. The path diagram is MSE, which mediates the BGC effect on GPS. Data analysis results revealed that the level of BGC, MTSE as well as interactions between LA and gender had a significant impact on the GPS capability of students. In this case, the BGC of the students impacted their MSE and thus impaired their GPS skills, which also moderated the gender and learning. There are phases in the process of solving problems that tend to hamper student performance. The visualization process appears to be done by female students, while male students make representations when they do. The researchers, therefore, suggest further research related to gender-based LA study in the geometry curriculum to improve the ability of the students.
Optimal Control of Endoatmospheric Launch Vehicle Systems: Geometric and Computational Issues

In this paper, we develop a geometric analysis and a numerical algorithm, based on indirect methods, to solve optimal guidance of endoatmospheric launch vehicle systems under mixed control-state constraints. Two main difficulties are addressed. First, we tackle the presence of Euler singularities by introducing a representation of the configuration manifold in appropriate local charts. In these local coordinates, not only the problem is free from Euler singularities but also it can be recast as an optimal control problem with only pure control constraints. The second issue concerns the initialization of the shooting method. We introduce a strategy that combines indirect methods with homotopies, thus providing high accuracy. We illustrate the efficiency of our approach by numerical simulations on missile interception problems under challenging scenarios.