Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Impact Factors of Different Forms of Potassium and Absorptions by Different Cotton Genotypes

This study focuses on two genotypes of cotton and explores different factors that were able to affect the release of different forms of potassium (K) in the rhizosphere by considering a biogeochemical process integrating plants, soils, and microorganisms. The study indicated that both genotypes of cotton could effectively absorb exchangeable potassium (eK) under limited potassium (LK) supply, and cotton plants could use LK to sustain offspring, preferably under K-deficiency conditions. It was mainly due to its significantly greater active absorbing surface area of root and comparatively greater K+ maximum uptake rate (Imax), which caused more K accumulation in the high-efficiency genotype cotton (HEG). Although Imax of the low-efficiency genotype cotton’s (LEG’s) was greater, K accumulation in LEG was less, which might be attributed to its significantly lower HEG and feedback inhibition on K taken up by greater K concentration in the plant. The lint yield had a significant positive correlation with boll number per plant, single boll weight, plant height, and number of fruit branches, which indicated that increasing these agronomic parameters is the base for increasing lint yield. There was a synergic action among humus, microorganisms, and K in the rhizosphere soil. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of reduced soils was less under oxidized condition, due to collapse of the interlayer in response to increased layer charge upon structural Fe reduction. Crop yields can be increased when fertilizer K is applied according to proper ratio among different forms of potassium and humic acid in soils. The middle-high plant height, lower initial fruit branch, more fruit branches, more bolls, and larger boll size should receive more attention during high-yielding cotton breeding.
Competitiveness and Export Similarity of Indonesia’s Coconut Oil

Coconut oil is one of the vegetable oils that became potential export product in Indonesia. Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia are three of the biggest exporters of coconut oil in ASEAN, by knowing their position in the Internastional trade of Coconut Oil it become an evauation for the sustainability of the Indonesia’s coconut oil trade. ,The aims of this research are knowing the position of Coconut Oil (Crude Coconut Oil with HS Code 151311 and Its derivative with HS code 151319) compared to the competitors during 2001 to 2017 by using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Acceleration Ratio (AR), Trade Specialization Index (ISP) and Export Similarity Index (ESI) for adding information about the similarity of the export structure of coconut oil from Indonesia, Philippines, and Malaysia to the world market. The results of the research show that Indonesia has high competitiveness, and has the highest acceleration in the growth of Crude Coconut Oil’s exports (HS Code 151311) compared to the Philippines and Malaysia. Meanwhile, Indonesia and Philipines have a higher similarity market of coconut oil than Indonesia and Malaysia. Indonesia should increase the capacity industries for derivative of crude coconut oil (HS code 151319) so it could increase volume and value export because it has a higher benefit than crude coconut oil.
Experimental and Numerical Study to Investigate Dynamic Capillary Pressure Effect in Two-Phase Flow in Porous Media

Experimental and Numerical Study to Investigate Dynamic Capillary Pressure Effect in Two-Phase Flow in Porous Media Simona Bottero, Majid Hassanizadeh Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80021, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands It is known from literature that traditional equations describing two-phase flow processes in porous media may be inadequate in case of non-equilibrium or dynamic condition. In the latest theory an additional dynamic term is proposed such that capillary pressure may depends on both the rate of change of saturation in time and on saturation. In this work we investigate the dynamic effects on capillary pressure-saturation relationship in a homogeneous porous medium. A series of laboratory experiments are performed using water and Tetrachloroetylene (PCE). The experiments consist of a continuous cycle of drainage and imbibition where boundary pressures of 20, 30, 40 kPa are applied. Homogeneous sand is uniformly distributed in a column of 10 cm diameter and 22 cm high. Initially the sand is fully water saturated. A large pressure is then applied at the bottom of the column. As the pressure of PCE is much higher than the entry pressure of the porous media, PCE flows vertically upward in the sand replacing water. The water replaced by PCE and the PCE that flows out of the sample during the experiment are collected in an overflow reservoir. The cumulative flow of both phases is measured throughout the experiment. Pressure of both water and PCE phases and water saturation are monitored locally inside the sand sample at three different depths by means of six pore pressure transducers (PPT) and three tetra probe’s (TP) respectively. Beside laboratory experiments a series of numerical experiments are performed. In one set of experiments the traditional flow equations for two-phase flow are used. In another set of experiments the effect of the additional dynamic term are studied. Measured and simulated capillary pressure-saturation curves are compared and discussed in this presentation.
Sneak Path Characterization in Memristor Crossbar Circuits

ABSTRACT Memristor technology has become an attractive option for use in-memory architectures, in-memory computing, and logic applications. Memristor crossbar array performance is dependent upon sneak paths. Our research characterises the sneak paths in crossbar arrays where the current can sneak through non-selected cells. We present equations for characterising sneak paths as a function of the size of the array, resistance values, input voltage, and I/O switch-vector. We also derive formulas to calculate the number of sneak paths in various array sizes and describe conditions that determine the length of the sneak paths. The resulting equations enable us to predict the sneak paths and sneak path currents for various array sizes to determine the constraints to the resistive memristor circuit. Our work characterising sneak paths provides boundary conditions for applications that use memristor crossbar arrays and provides insight to memristor crossbar testing.
Chemical Studies of Formosan Cobra (Naja naja atra) Venom. Part I. Chromatographic Separation of Crude Venom on CM-Sepadex and Preliminary Characterization of its Components†

The crude venom of Formosan cobra (Naja naja atra) was separated into 12 fractions by CM-Sephadex (C-50) chromatography with ammonium acetate buffer by two-stage gradient elution. Fr. I was proved to be a mixture of nucleotides and nucleosides. The toxicity was found in Fr. VIII (neurotoxic), X (cardiotoxic), XI (cardiotoxic), and XII (cardiotoxic). Glycerophosphatase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, and 5′-nucleotidase were found in Fr. III, V and IX, respectively. Phosphodiesterase was distributed in Frs. VI and VII, while lecithinase-A (phospholipase-A) was found in Frs. IV and V. Frs. VIII, IX and XII seem to be homogenous by the n-terminal analysis and the paper electrophoresis.
Molecular detection and genomic characterisation of Torque teno canis virus in Turkey

Torque teno virus (TTV) was first detected in humans, and since then it has been reported in many host species, such as monkeys, cats, pigs, seagulls and dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Torque teno canis virus (TTCaV) in shelter dogs housed in Sivas Municipal Animal Shelter, Turkey. Faecal specimens, including diarrheic and non-diarrheic (n=202), were collected from dogs of various age groups. In total, 32.18% (65/202) of samples were found positive for TTCaV. Out of the 65 positive samples, 34.64% (44/127) samples were from adult diarrheic dogs and 26.09% (6/23) belonged to diarrheic puppies. On the other hand, 28.84% (15/52) positive samples were detected from clinically healthy dogs. Eight sequences showed close homology among themselves, however, the sequences of two samples (CANEL130 and CANEL140) were genetically distinct from other published sequences. This is the first report on the detection of TTCaV in adult dogs and puppies in Turkey, and provides evidence that TTCaV cannot be considered as the sole cause of diarrhea.
The effect of metastable atomic levels in neutral tungsten for erosion and impurity transport applications

Long-lived metastable states in neutral tungsten are shown to potentially impact measurements of tungsten erosion from plasma facing components. Time-dependent collisional radiative modeling of neutral tungsten is used to analyze the role of these states in tungsten emission and ionization. The large number of non-quasistatic atomic states in neutral tungsten can take on the order of milliseconds to reach equilibrium, depending on plasma conditions, causing erosion measurements to be affected by the metastable populations. Previous measurements using the 400.88 nm tungsten emission line could be affected by these non-quasistatic metastable effects. Therefore, a scheme for measuring the relative metastable fractions is proposed through simultaneous observation of multiple ultraviolet spectral lines of neutral W. The accuracy of gross erosion measurements could potentially be increased by inclusion of these previously unconsidered metastable effects.
A Systematic Overview of Recent Methods for Non-Contact Chronic Wound Analysis

Chronic wounds or wounds that are not healing properly are a worldwide health problem that affect the global economy and population. Alongside with aging of the population, increasing obesity and diabetes patients, we can assume that costs of chronic wound healing will be even higher. Wound assessment should be fast and accurate in order to reduce the possible complications, and therefore shorten the wound healing process. Contact methods often used by medical experts have drawbacks that are easily overcome by non-contact methods like image analysis, where wound analysis is fully or partially automated. Two major tasks in wound analysis on images are segmentation of the wound from the healthy skin and background, and classification of the most important wound tissues like granulation, fibrin, and necrosis. These tasks are necessary for further assessment like wound measurement or healing evaluation based on tissue representation. Researchers use various methods and algorithms for image wound analysis with the aim to outperform accuracy rates and show the robustness of the proposed methods. Recently, neural networks and deep learning algorithms have driven considerable performance improvement across various fields, which has a led to a significant rise of research papers in the field of wound analysis as well. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of recent methods for non-contact wound analysis which could be used for developing an end-to-end solution for a fully automated wound analysis system which would incorporate all stages from data acquisition, to segmentation and classification, ending with measurement and healing evaluation.
foF2 Seasonal Asymmetry Diurnal Variation Study during Very Quiet Geomagnetic Activity at Dakar Station

This paper aims to study the foF2 seasonal asymmetry diurnal variation at Dakar station from 1976 to 1995. We show that equinoctial asymmetry is less pronounced and somewhere is absent throughout 21 and 22 solar cycles. The absence of equinoctial asymmetry may be due to Russell-McPherron mechanism and the vertical drift . The solstice anomaly or annual anomaly is always observed throughout both 21 and 22 solar cycles as measured at Dakar ionosonde. The maximum negative value of σfoF2, fairly equal to -65%, is observed during the decreasing phase at solstice time; this value appeared usually at 0200 LT except during the maximum phase during which it is observed at 2300 LT. The maximum positive value, fairly equal to +94%, is observed at 0600 LT during solar minimum at solstice time. This annual asymmetry may be due to neutral composition asymmetric variation and solar radiation annual asymmetry with the solstice time. The semiannual asymmetry is also observed during all solar cycle phases. The maximum positive value (+73%) is observed at 2300 LT during solar maximum, and its maximum negative (-12%) is observed during the increasing phase. We established, as the case of annual asymmetry, that this asymmetry could not be explained by the asymmetry in vertical velocity phenomenon but by the axial mechanism, the “thermospheric spoon” mechanism, and the seasonally varying eddy mixing phenomenon.
Fast Charging Control for Battery Packs With Combined Optimization of Charger and Equalizers

Effective fast charging is of great importance in the application of lithium-ion battery packs. In this article, a combined battery pack charging system is constructed by integrating the charger and cell-to-cell equalizers, which can excellently solve the cell imbalance problem in the battery pack. Based on this charging system, a fast charging control method is proposed to coordinate and optimize the current provided by the charger and the equalizing currents by formulating a constrained optimization problem with consideration of the battery pack's charging time, energy loss, and charging constraints. Next, a two-layer optimization strategy is designed to solve it, where a binary-search-based charging time region contraction method is adopted to determine the minimum expected charging time in the top layer, while the bottom layer utilizes the barrier method to search for the corresponding optimal charging and equalizing currents with the charging time given by the top layer. At last, extensive simulation and hardware-in-the-loop experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the designed optimal fast battery pack charging control strategy.
A Comparative Study of Functional Properties of Pectin Isolated from Different Fruit and Vegetable Sources

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research Available online at www.globalresearchonline. net ©Copyright protected. Unauthorised republication, reproduction, distribution, dissemination and copying of this document in whole or in part is strictly prohibited. Available online at www.globalresearchonline. net 141 Sumita Dasgupta*, Aneri Shah Biotechnology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir College of Science and Technology, New City Raod, Surat, India. *Corresponding author’s E-mail: sumitarup@gmail.com
Predicting Taxpayers Attitudes towards of Indian Tax Payers towards the E-Return Filling: An Empirical Study of Delhi, NCR, India

The aim of the present study is to examine the attitude, awareness, perception of the individual tax-payers in Delhi, National Capital Region (NCR) towards the e-filling tax portal started by Government of India (GOI). The study is based on the quantitative variables in which different dimension of Technology acceptance model [1], are taken for assessing the individuals behaviour towards e-filing. The data is collected from 200 individual tax payers through purposively sampling method from Delhi NCR region. The findings of the study indicate that the e-tax filling has reduced the cost, time, convenience, improve the efficiency, and better from traditional method of tax filling procedures. The study reveals that age, education level and gender of the individuals are affecting the attitude, perception and awareness towards the e-tax filling tax system. This study makes a novel attempt to identify or to examine the tax payers’ satisfaction, problems they face in filing ITR online, awareness levels, and their perception towards E-filing system. The work has a relevant practical justification, to evaluate the user’s satisfaction with Online Import Declaration system, used to make it more transparent and secure, both for taxpayers and for the government. In this way, the study contributes to increasing the efficiency of the collection system, making the financing of the public projects more viable, without the need to increase the tax burden.
Molecular characterization of the hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from broiler flocks in Morocco from 2016 to 2018

Avian influenza viruses of the H9N2 subtype continue to spread in wild birds and poultry worldwide. Infection with H9N2 avian influenza virus was detected for the first time in Morocco in January 2016. In this study, a total of 105 organ and tracheal swab samples from 21 broiler farms in Morocco were collected from July 2016 to October 2018 for H9N2 screening. The suspicion of disease was based on severe respiratory signs such as sneezing, coughing, rales and gasping, while H9N2 virus infection was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Hemagglutinin (HA) genes of four isolates were amplified by conventional RT-PCR, sequenced, and aligned for phylogenetic analyses. Among the 21 flocks, 48% (10/21) were qRT-PCR positive for H9, with the cycle threshold values ranging from18.6 to 34.8. The maximum similarity in nucleotide and protein sequences (96-98%) was observed between the Moroccan viruses and an H9 virus isolated from broiler chickens in 2017 in Burkina Faso (A/chicken/BurkinaFaso/17RS93-19/2017) and from a layer chicken in the United Arab Emirates in 2015 (A/chicken/Dubai/D2506/2015). The HA genes revealed the close relationship between the four Moroccan viruses, with 97.9%-99.9% nucleotide identity. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Moroccan viruses belonged to the G1 lineage, and likely originated from the Middle East, as previously reported in 2016.
Grain yield and associated physiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars under different planting dates and drought stress at the flowering stage

The adverse effects of abiotic stresses have always restricted oilseed crop production, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. On the other side, global climate change has led us to adapt planting dates and select tolerant cultivars to encounter the new climatic conditions. To evaluate the effect of late-season drought stress under different planting dates on rapeseed cultivars, an experiment was conducted as a factorial split-plot based on randomised complete block design in Karaj region-Iran, during 2015-2017. Planting date and irrigation treatments were considered in the main plots as factorial and cultivars were placed in subplots. Two planting dates were regular date (October 7) (PD1) and late planting date (November 6). Irrigation was also carried out at two levels of normal irrigation (NI) and irrigation interruption from flowering stage onwards. Experimental cultivars included ES Hydromel, ES Alonso, ES Darko, ES Lauren, and Ahmadi. According to the results, late-season drought stress and delayed planting date reduced leaf relative water content (LRWC), total chlorophyll content, proline, and grain yield, and increased stomatal resistance (SR), canopy temperature, and leaf soluble carbohydrates (CLS) in rapeseed cultivars. The highest grain yield (4505.6 kg ha–1) was obtained in NI conditions and PD1. Significant interactions of planting date, irrigation, and cultivar on LRWC, SR, and CLS traits indicated that the ES Hydromel was the most tolerant hybrid cultivar with the highest LRWC and the lowest SR and CLS levels compared to other ones in unfavourable conditions of late-season drought stress and delayed planting. To confirm these results, cluster analysis led to the formation of two clusters, where ES Darko, Ahmadi, and ES Lauren cultivars were placed in the sensitive cluster and ES Hydromel and ES Alonso cultivars were assigned to the tolerant cluster. Therefore, ES Hydromel can be introduced as a superior cultivar to be selected as a genotype that presents acceptable resistance under drought stress and late sowing in arid and semi-arid regions.
The contribution of phytoplankton in the carbon adsorption and stock during shrimp culture in brackishwater ponds

Widigdo B, Rifqi M, Mashar A, Nazar F, Wardiatno Y. 2020. The contribution of phytoplankton in the carbon adsorption and stock during shrimp culture in brackishwater ponds. Biodiversitas 21: 5170-5177. In environmental point of view, it is important to determine the potential of adsorption and stock of blue carbon during shrimp farming in ponds with three cultivation technologies namely: extensive/traditional, semi-intensive, and intensive. The aquatic primary productivity approach is used to measure the potential of carbon adsorption in shrimp ponds, while the carbon conversion of chlorophyll-a content is used to measure its stock. The primary productivity and chlorophyll-a content were measured using three ponds for each cultivation technology every ten days from stocking (DOC 0) until the harvest period. The sampling location is in the BLUPPB shrimp pond area of Karawang, West Java Indonesia. The study concluded that the adsorption and stock of blue carbon varied during shrimp farming in ponds. The primary productivity and chlorophyll-a content of the three cultivation technologies were the significant difference as the results of ANOVA Single Factor. Carbon adsorption average during extensive/traditional, semi-intensive, and intensive shrimp farming in ponds was 1.912832 g C m day, 7.097145 g C m day and 8.250195 g C m day, respectively. While, the average carbon stock during shrimp farming in extensive/traditional, semi-intensive, and intensive ponds were 0.64896 g m, 14.97473 g m, and 25.11102 g m, respectively.
Improving School Transition Spaces Microclimate to Make Them Liveable in Warm Climates

The so-called urban heat islands (UHI) is a thermal phenomenon characterized by higher air temperatures in the urban area than in rural surroundings. Vernacular passive strategies such as courtyards are proved to be useful to generate specific microclimates, especially in the warmer regions of the Earth. Courtyards increase the porosity of the cities, understanding porosity as building voids. Accordingly, their study will be fundamental in reducing the UHI effect by generating urban cooling microislands. This paper aims to analyze two passive strategies capable of modifying the thermal effect of radiation inside the courtyard of two school buildings: albedo and vegetation. In this regard, two case studies were assessed, both of them located in the city of Seville. Results show that the temperature in these spaces can vary up to 7 °C depending on the albedo, which confirms the importance of detecting an optimal albedo factor. In addition, data showed a significant increase in the thermal delta (TD), courtyard versus outdoor temperature, after the installation of a vegetal facade. Accordingly, both strategies will be fundamental in locations affected by climate change, especially considering that they are not only effective cooling strategies but also relatively easy to implement in the building’s refurbishment process.
Fear of hypoglycaemia — from normality to pathology. Diagnostic criteria and therapeutic directions

The aim of the article is to summarize the current knowledge on the phenomenon of fear of hypoglycaemia and its impact on the metabolic control and well-being of the population of diabetic patients. The article proposes a description of clinical criteria useful for the diagnosis of the fear of hypoglycaemia in a nonnormative and harmful form. Therapeutic directions are presented that have been proven effective in the recent years in reducing the level of maladaptive fear of hypoglycaemia, while also protecting the mental health of the patients. Despite extensive knowledge and numerous clinical trials undertaken in other countries, further research on diabetes-related anxiety disorders in Polish patients is needed. It is also advisable to create a database of culturally adapted management protocols for specialists that could increase the quality and effectiveness of the assistance provided in the outpatient health care.