Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single mild traumatic brain injury deteriorates progressive inter-hemispheric functional and structural connectivity.

The present study aims to examine dynamic inter-hemispheric structural and functional connectivity in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients with longitudinal observations from early sub-acute to chronic stages within one year. 42 mTBI patients and 42 matched healthy controls underwent clinical and neuropsychological evaluations as well as both diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting state functional MRI scanning. All of the patients were initially evaluated within 14 days post-injury (T-1) and follow-up at 3 months (T-2) and 6-12 months (T-3). Separate trans-callosal fiber tracts in the corpus callosum (CC) with respect to their specific inter-hemispheric cortical projections were derived with analyses of fiber tracking and voxel mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC). With DTI-based tractography, we distinguished five vertical segments of the CC (I to V). Correlation analyses were performed to evaluate relationships between the structural and functional imaging measures as well as imaging indices and neuropsychological measures. The loss of integrity in the CC demonstrated saliently persistent and time-dependent regional specificity after mTBI. The impairment spanned multiple segments from the original CC II at T-1, CC I, II, VI, V at T-2 to all sub-regions at T-3. Moreover, loss inter-hemispheric structural connectivity through the CC corresponded well to regions presenting altered inter-hemispheric functional connectivity. The decreased functional connectivity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex thereafter contributed to the poor outcome of executive function in patients. The current study provides further evidence that CC was a sign to the inter-hemispheric highways underpinning the widespread cerebral pathology that typified the syndrome of mTBI.
Longitudinal quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in adrenomyeloneuropathy

Adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) is the most frequent metabolic hereditary spastic paraplegia. Accordingly, its main site of pathological changes is the spinal cord. It is difficult to quantify AMN progression because commonly used clinical scales have limitations and reliable biomarkers are lacking. The goal was to investigate whether spinal cord and brain quantitative magnetic resonance imaging may assess structural changes in AMN over a relatively short time period.
Atypical Functional Connectivity Associated with Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response: An Examination of Five Resting-State Networks

Abstract Autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) is a perceptual phenomenon in which specific auditory and/or visual stimuli consistently elicit tingling sensations on the neck, scalp, and shoulders, as well as a positive and relaxed emotional state. The “ASMR triggers” that initiate these responses generally consist of soft sounds (e.g., whispering), repetitive noises (e.g., tapping sounds), or videos of people performing socially intimate acts (e.g., watching someone brush her hair). Despite being a relatively common phenomenon, little is known about the neural substrates of ASMR. In the current research, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine whether ASMR was associated with atypical patterns of functional connectivity. Seventeen individuals with ASMR and 17 matched control participants underwent an anatomical MRI scan and a resting-state fMRI scan. An independent components analysis was used to identify the default mode, salience, central executive, sensorimotor, and visual networks. An analysis of variance with group (ASMR vs. control) as a between-subjects variable was performed to contrast the functional connectivity of each of these networks. The results demonstrated that ASMR was associated with reduced functional connectivity in the salience and visual networks, and with atypical patterns of connectivity in the default mode, central executive, and sensorimotor networks.
The role of anticholinergic therapy based on the upoint system in the treatment of chronic prostatitis.

OBJECTIVE Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common problem and severely impairs the quality of life (QoL). We aimed to investigate the effects of different treatment options on voiding symptoms and QoL in patients with urinary phenotype according to the UPOINT system. Matherial and methods: Ninety-six patients with NIH category II,III CP/CPPS were included in the study prospectively. After the diagnosis, the questionnaires including NIH Chronic prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Overactive Bladder Screening Questionnaire (OAB-V8), and Beck depression inventory were filled by the patients. The patients with urinary phenotype were treated by alpha-blocker, antimuscarinic or both therapy modalities (combined) considering the specific therapy recommendations by UPOINT. The questionnaires applied on the first visit were reapplied after one month and treatment success was evaluated. RESULTS Seventy-three patients were included in 'Urinary phenotype' group (76%) and 23 were included in 'other phenotypes' (24%) group of the patients according to the UPOINT classification. Significant improvements of symptoms were observed with the all treatment modalities when the NIH-CPSI, IPSS and OAB-V8 scores were compared before and after treatment in the 'Urinary phenotype' group. Significant differences in the percentage of change in values were obtained in the anticholinergic group for pain subdomain of NIH-CPSI and IPSS scores. CONCLUSION U-POINT clasification is useful for deciding on the treatment modality in CP/CPSS patients. We showed anticholinergic therapy might be effective option. Addition to the symptomatic recovery, there is need more further studies about effectivity cholinergic system in the prostate tissue.
Improving Musculoskeletal Model Scaling Using an Anatomical Atlas: The Importance of Gender and Anthropometric Similarity to Quantify Joint Reaction Forces

Objective: The accuracy of a musculoskeletal model relies heavily on the implementation of the underlying anatomical dataset. Linear scaling of a generic model, despite being time and cost efficient, produces substantial errors as it does not account for gender differences and inter-individual anatomical variations. The hypothesis of this study is that linear scaling to a musculoskeletal model with gender and anthropometric similarity to the individual subject produces similar results to the ones that can be obtained from a subject-specific model. Methods: A lower limb musculoskeletal anatomical atlas was developed consisting of ten datasets derived from magnetic resonance imaging of healthy subjects and an additional generic dataset from the literature. Predicted muscle activation and joint reaction force were compared with electromyography and literature data. Regressions based on gender and anthropometry were used to identify the use of atlas. Results: Primary predictors of differences for the joint reaction force predictions were mass difference for the ankle (p < 0.001) and length difference for the knee and hip (p ≤ 0.017). Gender difference accounted for an additional 3% of the variance (p ≤ 0.039). Joint reaction force differences at the ankle, knee, and hip were reduced by between 50% and 67% (p = 0.005) when using a musculoskeletal model with the same gender and similar anthropometry in comparison with a generic model. Conclusion: Linear scaling with gender and anthropometric similarity can improve joint reaction force predictions in comparison with a scaled generic model. Significance: The presented scaling approach and atlas can improve the fidelity and utility of musculoskeletal models for subject-specific applications.
First detection of bovine coronavirus in Yak (Bos grunniens) and a bovine coronavirus genome with a recombinant HE gene

The yak (Bosgrunniens) is a unique domestic bovine species that plays an indispensable role for herdsmen in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Here, 336 diarrhoeic samples were collected from yaks on 29 farms in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau from 2015 to 2017. Approximately 69.05 % (232/336) of the diarrhoeic samples were assessed as bovine coronavirus (BCoV)-positive by RT-PCR assay, and most of the detected strains showed a unique evolution based on 40 spike (S), nucleocapsid (N) and haemagglutinin-esterase (HE) gene fragments. Notably, the 12 complete S genes detected shared 1 identical amino acid mutation (E121V) in the S1 subunit compared with the other 150 complete S genes in the GenBank database. Furthermore, a BCoV strain (designated YAK/HY24/CH/2017) was isolated from one diarrhoeic sample (virus titre : 108.17TCID50 ml−1), and a phylogenetic analysis based on complete genome sequences revealed that strain YAK/HY24/CH/2017 has the closest genetic relationship with the BCoV prototype strain Mebus. Interestingly, 2 significant characteristics were observed in the genome of strain YAK/HY24/CH/2017 : (1) the strain had 26 unique amino acid variations in the S gene compared with the other 150 BCoV S genes in the GenBank database and (2) a recombination event was identified between the esterase and lectin domains of the HE gene. In conclusion, this study revealed the high prevalence of BCoV in yaks in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of the molecular prevalence of BCoV in yaks and of a BCoV genome with an HE gene recombination.
Questionnaires Designed to Assess Knowledge of Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Approximately half of patients with AF and at risk of stroke do not receive oral anticoagulation, despite its demonstrable reduction of stroke risk. Low adherence to anticoagulation medications may be a result of limited knowledge of AF among patients; hence, a validated instrument to assess AF knowledge is warranted. Cross-sectional surveys evaluating AF knowledge revealed the availability of instruments in the literature, but no systematic review has hitherto been conducted to characterize them. Objective: The objective of this study is to collate all validated instruments assessing AF knowledge. Methods: A systematic review was conducted. CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to May 25, 2018. Study selection and data extraction were conducted by 2 reviewers, from which results are presented narratively. Results: Based on 407 records retrieved from the databases, 15 studies were included, from which 7 questionnaires assessing AF knowledge were identified. The number of items ranged from 8 to 58. All the questionnaires were content validated, and some also examined other validities and reliabilities. Conclusion: In the literature, 7 validated questionnaires are available for assessing AF knowledge, in which the items often cover knowledge of AF in general, symptoms, treatments, and complications.
Evaluation of Biodentine in the Restoration of Root Caries

There is no “gold-standard” material for the operative management of root caries. The aim of this study was to determine if the clinical performance of Biodentine would be acceptable for the restoration of root caries in older adults. A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted comparing a calcium silicate cement (Biodentine), a high-viscosity glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX GP Extra), and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji II LC). Of the 334 volunteers assessed for eligibility, 249 were excluded. A total of 303 lesions in 85 participants were randomized, with 151 lesions allocated to receive Biodentine, 77 to Fuji IX GP Extra, and 77 to Fuji II LC. Patients were reviewed by a calibrated dentist who was not involved in restoration placement and who was blinded to material allocation. Restorations were assessed according to a modified US Public Health Service criteria. The cumulative survival percentages after 6 mo and 1 y were 58.6% and 47.2% in the Biodentine group, 89.6% and 83.8% in the Fuji IX GP Extra group, and 89.5% and 84.9% in the Fuji II LC group, respectively. There were statistically significant differences (χ2 test, P < 0.001) in restoration failure rates between restoration groups. There was no difference between Fuji IX GP Extra and Fuji II LC, but differences (P < 0.001) were shown between the Fuji II GP Extra group and the Biodentine group and also between the Fuji II LC group and the Biodentine group at both time points. Based on the results of this study, Biodentine cannot be recommended for the operative management of root caries. Fuji IX GP Extra and Fuji II LC displayed similar success rates, and high-viscosity glass ionomer cement and resin-modified glass ionomer cement continue to be the best available option for the restoration of root caries (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01866059). Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can assist dental practitioners when selecting a restorative material for the operative management of root caries. This randomized controlled trial compared the 1-y clinical performance of a calcium silicate–based material to that of a high-viscosity glass ionomer cement and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement in the operative management of root caries. The study concluded that high-viscosity glass ionomer cement and resin-modified glass ionomer cement continue to be the best available option to dental practitioners when restoring the root surface.
Eliciting Preferences in Dentistry with Multiattribute Stated Preference Methods: A Systematic Review

Background: Preference experiments are used to understand how patients and stakeholders value aspects of health care. These methods are gaining popularity in dentistry, but quality and breadth of use have not been evaluated. Objectives: To describe multiattribute stated preference experiment use in dentistry through illustration and critique of existing studies. Data Sources: Systematic literature search of PubMed, Econlit and Ovid for Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, PsychARTICLES, and All EBM Reviews, as well as gray literature. Study Eligibility: Multiattribute stated preference experiments eliciting preferences for dental service delivery, treatments, and oral health states from the perspective of patients, the public, and dental professionals. Outcomes of interest were preference weights and marginal rates of substitution. Study selection was independently performed by 2 reviewers. Appraisal: Ten-point checklist published by the International Society of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research was used for quality assessment. Synthesis: Descriptive analysis. Results: Searches identified 12 records published between 1999 and 2015, mostly in nondental academic journals. Studies were undertaken in high-income countries in Europe and the United States. The studies aimed to elicit preference for service delivery, treatment, or oral health states from the perspective of the patients, dentists, or the public via discrete choice experiment methods. The quality scores for the studies ranged from 53% to 100%. Limitations: A detailed description and critique of stated preference methods are provided, but it was not possible to provide synthesized preference data. Conclusions: Multiattribute stated preference experiments are increasingly popular, but understanding the methods and outputs is essential for designing and interpreting preference studies to improve patient care. Patient preferences highlight important considerations for decision making during treatment planning. Valuation of health states and estimation of willingness-to-pay are important for resource planning and allocation and economic evaluation. Preference estimates and relative value of attributes for interventions and service delivery inform development and selection of treatments and services (PROSPERO 21.3.17: CRD42017059859). Knowledge Transfer Statement: Understanding patient, professional, and public preferences is fundamental for evidence-based decision making and treatment delivery. Preference elicitation methods can be used to estimate the value given to health states, service delivery, individual treatments, and health outcomes. By describing and appraising the methodology and application of multiattribute stated preference experiments in dentistry, this review provides an essential first step to wider use of well-designed, high-quality preference elicitation methods.
DNA binding studies of antibiotic drug cephalexin using spectroscopic and molecular docking techniques

Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore an accurate characterization of the binding interaction of antibiotic drug cephalexin with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) as a relevant biological target by using UV absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD) in vitro under simulated physiological conditions (pH = 7.4) and also through a molecular modeling study. The results showed that the drug interacts with the DNA helix via a minor groove binding mode. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated and showed that the reaction between the drug and CT-DNA was exothermic. In addition, the drug enforced traceable changes in the viscosity of DNA. The molecular modeling results indicated that cephalexin forcefully binds to the minor groove of DNA with a relative binding energy of −21.02 kJ mol−1. The obtained theoretical results were in good agreement with those obtained from experimental studies.
Psychotherapy for the 21st century: An integrative, evolutionary, contextual, biopsychosocial approach

Fragmentation of processes and interventions plague the psychotherapies (Gilbert & Kirby, 2019). Part of the problem is that we have not agreed on a framework that could be the basis for integrating knowledge and the scientific enquiry of processes and interventions. This paper outlines an approach that brings together a variety of different disciplines in the service of consilience (Wilson, 1998, Consilience: The unity of knowledge, Vintage, New York, NY; Siegel, 2019). It presents the importance of an evolutionary framework for understanding the proclivities and dispositions for mental suffering and antisocial behaviour, and how they are choreographed in different sociodevelopmental contexts. Building on earlier models (Gilbert, 1989, Human nature and suffering, Routledge, London, UK; Gilbert, 1995, Clin. Psychol. Psychother., 2, 135; Gilbert, 1998, Br. J. Med. Psychol., 71, 353; Gilbert, 2016, Case formulation in cognitive behaviour therapy: The treatment of challenging cases, Wiley, Chichester, UK, pp. 50–89) the call is for an integrative, evolutionary, contextual, biopsychosocial approach to psychology and psychotherapy. Practitioner points Evolutionary functional analysis is part of an evolutionary, contextual, biopsychosocial approach to mental health that can serve as a scientific platform for the future developments of psychotherapy. Therapist skills and training will increasing need to focus on the multidimensional textures of mental states especially the context‐social‐body linkages. Therapies of the future will also focus more on the moral aspects of therapy and address the need to promote prosocial and ethical behaviour to self and others.
A Volumetric Approach to Point Cloud Compression—Part I: Attribute Compression

Compression of point clouds has so far been confined to coding the positions of a discrete set of points in space and the attributes of those discrete points. We introduce an alternative approach based on volumetric functions that are functions defined not just on a finite set of points but throughout space. As in regression analysis, volumetric functions are continuous functions that are able to interpolate values on a finite set of points as linear combinations of continuous basis functions. Using a B-spline wavelet basis, we are able to code volumetric functions representing both geometry and attributes. Geometry compression is addressed in Part II of this paper, while attribute compression is addressed in Part I. Attributes are represented by a volumetric function whose coefficients can be regarded as a critically sampled orthonormal transform that generalizes the recent successful Region-Adaptive Hierarchical (or Haar) Transform to higher orders. Experimental results show that attribute compression using higher order volumetric functions is an improvement over the first-order functions used in the emerging MPEG point cloud compression standard.
Time course of left ventricular remodelling and mechanics after aortic valve surgery: aortic stenosis vs. aortic regurgitation

Abstract Aims Pressure overload in aortic stenosis (AS) and both pressure and volume overload in aortic regurgitation (AR) induce concentric and eccentric hypertrophy, respectively. These structural changes influence left ventricular (LV) mechanics, but little is known about the time course of LV remodelling and mechanics after aortic valve surgery (AVR) and its differences in AS vs. AR. The present study aimed to characterize the time course of LV mass index (LVMI) and LV mechanics [by LV global longitudinal strain (LV GLS)] after AVR in AS vs. AR. Methods and results Two hundred and eleven (61 ± 14 years, 61% male) patients with severe AS (63%) or AR (37%) undergoing surgical AVR with routine echocardiographic follow-up at 1, 2, and/or 5 years were evaluated. Before AVR, LVMI was larger in AR patients compared with AS. Both groups showed moderately impaired LV GLS, but preserved LV ejection fraction. After surgery, both groups showed LV mass regression, although a more pronounced decline was seen in AR patients. Improvement in LV GLS was observed in both groups, but characterized by an initial decline in AR patients while LV GLS in AS patients remained initially stable. Conclusion In severe AS and AR patients undergoing AVR, LV mass regression and changes in LV GLS are similar despite different LV remodelling before AVR. In AR, relief of volume overload led to reduction in LVMI and an initial decline in LV GLS. In contrast, relief of pressure overload in AS was characterized by a stable LV GLS and more sustained LV mass regression.
Observed and modelled historical trends in the water‐use efficiency of plants and ecosystems

Plant water‐use efficiency (WUE, the carbon gained through photosynthesis per unit of water lost through transpiration) is a tracer of the plant physiological controls on the exchange of water and carbon dioxide between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. At the leaf level, rising CO2 concentrations tend to increase carbon uptake (in the absence of other limitations) and to reduce stomatal conductance, both effects leading to an increase in leaf WUE. At the ecosystem level, indirect effects (e.g. increased leaf area index, soil water savings) may amplify or dampen the direct effect of CO2. Thus, the extent to which changes in leaf WUE translate to changes at the ecosystem scale remains unclear. The differences in the magnitude of increase in leaf versus ecosystem WUE as reported by several studies are much larger than would be expected with current understanding of tree physiology and scaling, indicating unresolved issues. Moreover, current vegetation models produce inconsistent and often unrealistic magnitudes and patterns of variability in leaf and ecosystem WUE, calling for a better assessment of the underlying approaches. Here, we review the causes of variations in observed and modelled historical trends in WUE over the continuum of scales from leaf to ecosystem, including methodological issues, with the aim of elucidating the reasons for discrepancies observed within and across spatial scales. We emphasize that even though physiological responses to changing environmental drivers should be interpreted differently depending on the observational scale, there are large uncertainties in each data set which are often underestimated. Assumptions made by the vegetation models about the main processes influencing WUE strongly impact the modelled historical trends. We provide recommendations for improving long‐term observation‐based estimates of WUE that will better inform the representation of WUE in vegetation models.