Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple propane gas flow rates method to determine accuracy and linearity of indirect calorimetry systems : An experimental assessment of a method 1

Objective: Indirect calorimetry (IC) systems measure the fractions of expired carbon dioxide (FECO2) and oxygen (FEO2) recorded at the mouth in order to estimate whole body energy production (EP). The fundamental principal of IC relates to oxidative mechanisms, expressed as rate of oxygen uptake (V̇O2) and carbon dioxide production (V̇CO2). From these volumes we calculate energy production and respiratory exchange ratio which is used to estimate substrate utilization rates. The accuracy of IC systems is critical to detect small changes in respiratory gas exchanges. The aim of this technical report was to assess the accuracy and linearity of IC systems using multiple propane gas flow rates procedure. Approach: A series of propane gas with different flow rates and ventilation rates were run on three different IC systems. The actual experimental V̇O2 and V̇CO2 were calculated and compared to stoichiometry theoretical values. Main results: Results: showed a linear relationship between gas volumes (V̇O2 and V̇CO2) and propane gas flows (99.6%, 99.2%, 94.8% for the Sable, Moxus, and Jaeger metabolic carts, respectively). In terms of system error, Jaeger system had significantly (p < 0.001) greater V̇O2 (M = -0.057, SE = 0.004), and V̇CO2 (M = -0.048, SE = 0.002) error compared to either the Sable (V̇O2, M = 0.044, SE = 0.004; V̇CO2, M = 0.024, SE = 0.002) or the Moxus (V̇O2, M = 0.046, SE = 0.004; V̇CO2, M = 0.025, SE = 0.002) metabolic carts. There were no significant differences between the Sable or Moxus metabolic carts. Conclusion: The multiple flow rates approach permitted the assessment of linearity of IC systems in addition to determining the accuracy of fractions of expired gases.
and Reinhold Statistical Inference for Proportions F fo

This is the 16th in the series designed by the American College of Radiology (ACR), the Canadian Association of Radiologists, and the American Journal of Roentgenology. The series, which will ultimately comprise 22 articles, is designed to progressively educate radiologists in the methodologies of rigorous clinical research, from the most basic principles to a level of considerable sophistication. The articles are intended to complement interactive software that permits the user to work with what he or she has learned, which is available on the ACR Web site (www.acr.org).
APPROXIMATION BY INVERTIBLE ELEMENTS AND THE GENERALIZED ESTABLE RANK FOR A ( D ) R AND C ( D )

We determine the generalized E-stable ranks for the real algebra, C(D)sym, of all complex valued continuous functions on the closed unit disk, symmetric to the real axis, and its subalgebra A(D)R of holomorphic functions. A characterization of those invertible functions in C(E) is given that can be uniformly approximated on E by invertibles in A(D)R. Finally, we compute the Bass and topological stable rank of C(K)sym for real symmetric compact planar sets K .
Propagation of Gaussian Schell-model vortex beams in biological tissues

The dependence of changes in the relative intensity and the spectral degree of coherence on the refractive-index Cn 2 of biological tissues, space correlation length σ0 and wavelength λ of the Gaussian Schell-model (GSM) vortex and non-vortex beams in biological tissues has been studied. It is shown that the intensity distribution of GSM vortex beams passing through the biological tissues undergoes several stages. The bigger Cn 2 is, and the smaller σ0 is, the quicker the intensity evolution is. The attenuation of intensity for GSM vortex beams is much slower than that of non-vortex beams, thus the beam quality of the former is better than the latter. When propagating through the biological tissue, the phase singularities of GSM vortex beams will appear. As the propagation distance increases, the position of the phase singularities will shift, and these points will disappear where the changes in the spectral degree of coherence of GSM vortex beams are consistent with those of GSM non-vortex beams. At the same propagation distance, the bigger Cn 2 is, and the smaller σ0 and λ are, the shorter the distance between the phase singularities and the z axis is, when the propagation distance z is in the range of 0–50 μm.
GENERIC SYNTHESIZABLE FLOATING-POINT UNIT

A floating-point unit is the essential part of modern computer systems where the carrying out operations with floating-point numbers is involved. Analysis of the existing floating-point unit solutions has shown that many of them are functionally complex and large in terms of the occupied area after synthesis. In addition, the designs that have been discovered have fixed operands’ size and, therefore, the number of bits dedicated to the fractional and exponential parts of the floating-point number cannot be changed. Owing to these problems, a decision has been made to develop a floating-point unit in VHDL, which can carry out the simplest mathematical operations while having the possibility of creating a parameterisable design. The operations performed by the floating-point unit are addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and normalization. The parameterisable floating-point unit can be simply reused as a part of other designs, which require it as a separate block. This thesis is written in English and is 100 pages long, including 5 chapters, 41 figures and 25 tables.
Utah State University From the SelectedWorks of Johan du Toit 2008 Measurement of concentrations of faecal glucocorticoid metabolite in Free-Ranging African Elephants within the Kruger National Park

during the past several years, non-invasive monitoring of steroid metabolites in faeces of elephants has become an increasingly popular technique to generate more information about the causal relationship between hormones and behaviour in both living elephant species. this is important knowledge which can be used to optimise local conservation and wildlife management by finding new strategies for better elephant population management and control. in this context, however, information about an actual involvement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis during assumable stressful events is still limited, especially for wildlife populations. One difficulty in discovering such information is often the lack of reliable data for hormone baseline levels. therefore, the aim of this study was to determine baseline concentrations of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites that could be expected within age classes and between seasons in african elephants (Loxodonta africana) in the kruger national park (knp). a total of 374 faecal samples were collected from randomly located family herds in the southern knp between may 2002 and august 2005. the samples were analysed for immunoreactive concentrations of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites using a validated enzyme immunoassay for 3α,11oxo-cortisol metabolites (3α,11oxo-Cm). all samples were grouped according to the estimated age class of the subject using a field method based on bolus diameter, and regarding the ecological season collected. No significant differences in faecal 3α,11oxo-Cm concentrations were found across age classes (H3 = 7.54; p = 0.057), but the mean 3α,11oxo-Cm concentration of samples collected in the dry season (n = 196) was significantly higher than in the wet season (n = 178) (u = 15206.50; p = 0.032), which indicates a possible physiological stress situation due to a decline in food quantity and quality. the information generated in this study represents a reliable data set for baseline concentrations of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites for elephants within the knp and can be used to measure the stressrelated effects of translocations, management actions and the impact of chosen land use activities.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF CREDIT CARD FRAUD DETECTION SYSTEM WITH OBJECT ORIENTED METHODOLOGY AMANZE

Nowadays, the development of technology is rapidly increasing, including the credit card fraud. The credit card fraud (CCF) is one of the problem our banking system is facing today. Fraudsters used many methods to attack the customer. The growth in electronic transactions has resulted in a greater demand for fast and accurate user identification and authentication. Conventional method of identification based on possession of pin and password are not all together reliable. Higher acceptability and convenience of credit card for purchases have not only given personal comfort to customers but also attracted a large number of attackers. As a result, credit card payment systems must be supported by efficient fraud detection capability for minimizing unwanted activities by fraudsters. To deal with this problem, a computerized system is needed. Methods used in analyzing and designing of the credit card fraud is Object Oriented Analysis (OOA) with unified modeling language (UML). Keyword: Credit card, Object Oriented Methodology, Unified Modeling Language, Information system, Bank Staff and Bank Customer.
Sidewall Aneurysm Geometry as a Predictor of Rupture Risk Due to Associated Abnormal Hemodynamics

Background: Hemodynamics play an important role in intracranial aneurysm (IA) initiation, growth, and rupture. Yet there remains no definitive quantitative analysis between abnormal hemodynamics and geometrical risk of IA development. Objective: The present study aims to investigate whether abnormal hemodynamics in IA sacs can be predicted by surrogate geometric markers. Methods: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed on paraclinoid aneurysms derived from digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of 104 IAs in 104 patients. Four basic IA geometric parameters including maximum height, perpendicular height, maximum width, and neck diameter were measured. Abnormal hemodynamics were defined and quantified as the surface area exposed to low wall shear stress (WSS) and high oscillatory shear index (OSI) using objectively-defined thresholds. Relationships between abnormal hemodynamics and specific geometric parameters were analyzed via multiple linear regression. Results: Adjusting for age, sex, and other clinical characteristics, multiple linear regression revealed a significant relationship (p < 0.001) between abnormal hemodynamics and both maximum width (β ≈ 1.2) and neck diameter (β ≈ −0.4), but not maximum height or perpendicular height. These findings were shown to be independent of the choice of abnormal hemodynamic indicators and threshold levels. Conclusions: Maximum width and neck diameter of IA sacs are robust surrogates of exposure to abnormal hemodynamics. Risk of rupture may be increased with wider aneurysms with narrower necks for paraclinoid aneurysms.
Clinical and Parasitological Observations on Induced Malaria

IT is a matter of common knowledge, which was exemplified during the recent . epidemic in Ceylon, that in every malarious country there is a striking clinical -difference between ordinary endemic malaria and the epidemic disease. Why is it that ordinary endemic malaria, whether it is due to the so-called benign species or to the so-called malignant species, is comparatively mild and rarely followed by a fatal issue while epidemic malaria is always serious and is directly responsible for many -deaths ? The question is one that is seldom dealt with in textbooks and, when it -is, the severity and fatality are usually attributed to factors other than those relating to the malaria parasite itself and the mosquitoes which transmit it. They are usually attributed to economic stress, hardship, famine, exposure, and other circumstances which sometimes bappen to coincide with the epidemic. Reasons of this kind were emphasized by most writers on war-malaria in Eastern Europe and they have been prominently brought to notice in accounts of the recent epidemic in Ceylon. Contrary to this view we think that our work at Horton indicates that a type of malaria closely resembling epidemic malaria can be produced in the absence *of any of those adverse circumstances which for this reason must be regarded, in our opinion, as playing only a minor role. We thiDk that the leading role is played by the parasites themselves in the human host and in the mosquito. But in saying that the parasites play the leading role we do not mean that the strains responsible for the endemic disease cause the severe cases met with in an epidemic by becoming more " virulent. " Certainly some geographical strains of P. falciparum seem inherently to be more "virulent " than others, as we showed in our paper on induced malignant tertian malaria which was published in 1932,1 but we have no evidence that the inherent virulence of a particular strain can be increased or diminished. The
The effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell and nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen I/poly-L-lactic acid scaffold implantation on the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in rabbits

For avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH), repair and regeneration are difficult because of the edema and high pressure caused by continuous ischemia and hypoxia. Core decompression (CD) is a classic method for treating early ANFH before the collapse of the femoral head; however, its effect is still controversial. To improve the therapeutic effect of CD on ANFH, a novel tissue-engineered bone (TEB) was constructed by combining bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen I/poly-L-lactic acid (nHAC/PLA) scaffolds and implanting the TEB into the bone tunnel of CD. Cell attachment was observed by scanning electron microscopy and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The authors' previous studies confirmed that nHAC/PLA is an excellent scaffold material with favorable biocompatibility and no cytotoxicity. A total of 24 New Zealand rabbits with ANFH were randomly divided into three groups, as follows: Group A (n=8), pure CD; group B (n=8), CD+nHAC/PLA; and group C (n=8), CD+BMSCs-nHAC/PLA. The favorable effect of BMSCs-nHAC/PLA on angiogenesis and bone formation in necrotic areas was further evaluated via radiographic and histological analyses. Computerized tomography (CT) scanning and H&E staining showed more capillaries and new osteoid tissue in group C compared with in groups B and A. Micro-CT showed that the new bone coverage rate and implanted material degradation degree were each increased in group C compared with in group B. These results indicate that BMSCs-nHAC/PLA scaffolds may improve the curative effect of CD and provide a strategy for treating ANFH.
PWE-098 A pilot validation study of an at-home hydrogen breath test device

Introduction Hydrogen breath testing is a valuable tool to aid in the diagnosis of carbohydrate malabsorption, however this procedure can be time consuming and costly for both the patient and clinician. Here, an existing bench-top clinical breath test device is compared to a hand-held, app-connected breath test device, which could allow for at-home use, enabling a more time and cost-effective physician-patient interaction and treatment pathway. Methods Fourteen healthy adult volunteers mean age 31 (2–3) yrs, were recruited. Breath tests were performed by each volunteer using two of the proposed devices and the results were compared against those of the existing clinical device, a reference standard benchtop device. A baseline reading was recorded using each device prior to the ingestion of 10g of lactulose, a non-absorbable carbohydrate substrate. Each volunteer took a breath reading every five minutes, sequentially switching between each device, such that over a 15-minute interval, three breath samples were recorded, each with a different device. Over the course of three hours, this yielded 39 data points per volunteer. The exclusion criteria for analysis was a baseline breath hydrogen concentration of >15ppm on any of the devices. One volunteer was excluded from the final data analysis due to a high H2 baseline leaving 13 subjects for analysis. The H2 concentrations recorded by the reference device were used to assess whether malabsorption had occurred. In instances where there was a >20ppm increase in H2 over the initial baseline (Pimentel et al, Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Dec;95(12):350–), the test was considered positive, otherwise it was considered negative. The H2 concentrations from each device were compared at 15-minute intervals, using concentration plots created for each volunteer, by linearly interpolating the H2 concentrations over time. Results There was diagnostic agreement in 13 out of 13 (12 positive and one negative) cases between the proposed devices and the reference device. The mean difference was 3.6 ppm and the mean absolute difference was 7.4 ppm. Conclusions Initial testing on healthy volunteers suggests that the proposed device may offer results comparable to those delivered by the reference benchtop device. Furthermore, the use of the proposed device via the associated smartphone app could allow for the immediate transmission of results to the clinician, for use in further consultation and guidance. Further validation studies are necessary to assess the performance of proposed device over a longer time period, using a larger cohort of patients, with a focus on those with functional digestive disorders.
Enhancing Energy Efficiency And Privacy Protection Of Smart Devices

Smart devices are experiencing rapid development and great popularity. Various smart products available nowadays have largely enriched people’s lives. While users are enjoying their smart devices, there are two major user concerns: energy e ciency and privacy protection. In this dissertation, we propose solutions to enhance energy e ciency and privacy protection on smart devices. First, we study di↵erent ways to handle WiFi broadcast frames during smartphone suspend mode. We reveal the dilemma of existing methods: either receive all of them su↵ering high power consumption, or receive none of them sacrificing functionalities. To address the dilemma, we propose Software Broadcast Filter (SBF). SBF is smarter than the “receive-none” method as it only blocks useless broadcast frames and does not impair application functionalities. SBF is also more energy e cient than the “receive-all” method. Our trace driven evaluation shows that SBF saves up to 49.9% energy consumption compared to the “receive-all” method. Second, we design a system, namely HIDE, to further reduce smartphone energy wasted on useless WiFi broadcast frames. With the HIDE system, smartphones in suspend mode do not receive useless broadcast frames or wake up to process useless broadcast frames. Our trace-driven simulation shows that the HIDE system saves 34%-75% energy for the Nexus One phone when 10% of the broadcast frames are useful to the smartphone. Our overhead analysis demonstrates that the HIDE system has negligible impact on network capacity and packet delay. Third, to better protect user privacy, we propose a continuous and non-invasive authentication system for wearable glasses, namely GlassGuard. GlassGuard discriminates the owner and an imposter with biometric features from touch gestures and voice commands, which are all available during normal user interactions. With data collected from 32 users on Google Glass, we show that GlassGuard achieves a 99% detection rate and a 0.5% false alarm rate after 3.5 user events on average when all types of user events are available with equal probability. Under five typical usage scenarios, the system has a detection rate above 93% and a false alarm rate below 3% after less than 5 user events. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments iv Dedication v List of Tables vi List of Figures vii
Primary hematological malignancy of the uterine cervix: A case report

The present case report investigated the clinical characteristics of primary hematological malignancy of the uterine cervixin five patients. Among the five patients, three patients were diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and two patients with myeloid sarcoma (MS) of the uterine cervix. Biopsies of the uterine cervices demonstrated the involvement of lymphoid cells or myeloid blasts cells. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the expression of B-lymphoid and myeloid lineage markers. The associated lysozyme, myeloperoxidase and mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (CD117) markers were specific for the diagnosis of MS. The three patients with NHL survived, and one of the patients survived for 82 months with no evidence of disease; however, was eventually lost to follow-up. The two patients with MS succumbed to the cancer as a result of progressive disease and leukemia. Therefore, pathological examination may be important for the timely diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic regimen for primary hematological malignancy of the uterine cervix.
Human organ absorbed dose estimation of 166Ho-BPAMD complex based on biodistribution data of male Syrian rats

Introduction: Recently, 166Ho-BPAMD was introduced as a suitable agent for bone marrow ablation. The aim of this study was to estimate the absorbed dose of this novel agent in the human organs which is necessary before the clinical application. Methods: 166Ho was produced by direct irradiation of 165Ho in the research reactor. 250 µg of BPAMD was added to the vial containing 111 MBq of 166Ho and the pH of the reaction mixture was adjusted to 6 while it was incubated for 45 min at 90-100°C. The strong cation exchanger was applied to improve the radiochemical purity checked by ITLC method. 166Ho-BPAMD was injected to male Syrian rats and the uptake in different organs was assessed. The absorbed dose in human organs was estimated following the mass extrapolation and according to RADAR method. Results:166Ho-BPAMD was prepared with the radiochemical purity of higher than 96%. After injection to male Syrian rats, the most of the activity was observed in the bone tissues. Bone surface and bone marrow received the highest amounts of the absorbed dose with the value of 0.916 and 0.647 mGy/MBq, respectively. Conclusion: Bone marrow to the bone tissue and total body absorbed dose ratio for 166Ho-BPAMD was comparable to the other bone seeking radiopharmaceuticals. 166Ho-BPAMDdelivers safe and reasonably appropriate dose to the human organs and can be considered as a novel bone marrow ablative agent.
Tracking Training Load and Its Implementation in Tactical Populations: A Narrative Review

Tactical populations often participate in demanding physical training and perform strenuous workplace tasks, increasing injury risk. Mitigating injury risk is vital for maintaining trained personnel and should be a focus for tactical populations. One such method, tracking training load, has not been studied in-depth in tactical populations, despite documented effectiveness in elite sport. Most injuries to tactical personnel are overuse in nature and therefore may be prevented by optimizing training load. Although the methods used in elite sport may not be directly transferrable to tactical environments, they may be used to inform injury mitigation strategies in tactical populations.
The Role of Measurement in Peripheral Vascular Surgery

form of venous occlusion is a blood pressure cuff applied to the thigh. This permits calf flow measurements but the bulk of the cuff impedes the measurement of thigh flow and produces a large cuff effect. The present paper describes a method of selective occlusion of the femoral vein against the pubic ramus by a piston enclosed in a cylinder. A mercury in rubber strain gauge may then be applied to the thigh without impediment and the blood flow in the thigh measured. With this method there is no cuff effect and in severe disease more accurate readings may be obtained since there is no cuff occlusion of collateral vessels in which the pressure may be low.