Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The spatial and temporal occurrence and significance of dinoflagellates and other marine fossils within onshore coal measures, Gippsland Basin, Australia

Abstract Relationships between terrestrial formations in the central Latrobe Valley of southeastern Australia and coeval terrestrial and marine formations further to the east have been elucidated over the past several decades. In the Gippsland Basin’s Latrobe Valley and Seaspray depressions, Eocene to Miocene fossils including rare foraminifera and more common dinoflagellates have been recovered from all five interseam sediments in the Morwell Formation, six interseam splits within the Traralgon Formation that includes age diagnostic Gippslandia extensa, and three interseams in the Alberton coal measures. The dinoflagellate assemblages generally are species-poor but do provide some age control and indicate episodic marine conditions within the Latrobe Valley Coal Measures. Some dinoflagellates may tolerate lower salinity near-shore waters, but above the Eocene acme of Gippslandia extensa are interpreted to indicate offshore conditions. The occurrence of dinoflagellates between seams of the Latrobe Valley and Alberton coal measures within the Gippsland Basin provides useful paleogeographic information, constraining paleo-shorelines. KEY POINTS Fossils, including rare foraminifera and more common dinoflagellates, have been recovered from all five interseam sediments in Gippsland Basins Morwell Formation, six interseam splits within the Traralgon Formation and three interseams in the Alberton coal measures. Six interseam splits within the Traralgon Formation include the age diagnostic Gippslandia extensa, which indicates a late Eocene (latest Bartonian to Priabonian) age. Species of Spiniferites, Operculodinium and Hystrichokolpoma dominate in the coal interseams in the Morwell and Alberton formations (Oligocene and Miocene ages) and reflect typical species found in the Operculodinium Superzone of Partridge. The occurrence of dinoflagellates between seams of the Latrobe Valley and Alberton coal measures within the Gippsland Basin provides useful paleogeographic information, constraining paleo-shorelines.
The BOOT approach to energy infrastructure management: a means to optimise the return from facilities

This paper sets out the major facets of the Build‐Own‐Operate‐Transfer (BOOT) approach of procuring and managing energy‐related assets. The relative merits between BOOT and other strategies are contrasted. The participants and the life cycle of BOOT are explained. The pros and cons of BOOT are outlined. Case studies on energy infrastructure BOOT schemes are then used to illustrate different terms, scope and benefits of such projects.
Mining automation in the next millennium: engineering a tele-operated load haul dump model

A 1:5 scale remote controlled load haul dump (LHD) vehicle has been built to demonstrate the benefits of safety and automation in underground mines. Controlling an LHD inside the stope from a distance is much safer than drawing broken material while seated on the vehicle. LHDs also pose an accident risk to operators and other bystanders along the travel path of the vehicle. Tele-operated LHDs have higher utilization since a single operator can control one or more LHDs from surface. In such cases, the operating speed of the vehicle can be increased as operator safety is no longer an issue. Hence, higher productivity can be generated. This paper discusses the goals, design and construction of the model and simulates the application of expert system to control the model.
Auto-Exposure Algorithm Based on Luminance Histogram and Region Segmentation

This paper proposed an automatic exposure algorithm based on luminance histogram and region segmentation. The method ensures well exposure to the main object under the backlighting or excessive front-lighting conditions, and uses the characteristics of the luminance histogram to judge the scene condition. According to the luminance histogram, if the image under normal light conditions, the method compares the average luminance value of the image with the corresponding reference target brightness value to adjust exposure compensation. If the image under special conditions, the average brightness value will be calculated using fixed-partition method and exposure compensation will be adjusted. The paper combines auto-exposure and auto-gain control to adjust the exposure compensation. As it turns out, this method in a variety of light conditions can achieve well exposure.
Improvement in the field-weakening performance of switched reluctance machine with continuous mode

A new operation mode for switched reluctance motors (SRMs), called 'continuous mode', is described. By using this mode, the torque and then power in field-weakening mode can be considerably increased without any hardware modifications. Consequently, power and torque densities of SRMs become comparable to other technologies (synchronous and induction motors) and with a field weakening operation over a large speed range. This new degree of freedom makes it possible to improve the motor design, by modifying the rotor pole arc size or the windings turns per pole. Only simulation results are presented here, for a 12/8 SRM. Results confirm that the maximum power is improved (constant power on a very large speed range) and with a higher efficiency than that in the classical discontinuous mode.
POWER-SUPPLaY: Leaking Sensitive Data From Air-Gapped, Audio-Gapped Systems by Turning the Power Supplies into Speakers

In this article, we introduce a new covert channel that enables attackers to leak data acoustically from highly secured, air-gapped and audio-gapped systems. The proposed malware can exploit the computer power supply unit (PSU) to play sounds and use it as an out-of-band, secondary speaker with limited capabilities. Our method enables the production of audio streams in a frequency band of 0-24 kHz and playing audio files (e.g., WAV) from a computer power supply without the need for audio hardware or speakers. Furthermore, we developed techniques that exploit the multiple CPU cores and their corresponding switching frequencies. It enables the production of multi-channel soundtracks and controlling the bit-depth and volume of sound played through the power supply. Sensitive information (documents, biometric data, encryption keys, etc.) can be covertly transmitted to a nearby receiver (e.g., smartphone). We show that our technique works with various types of systems: PC workstations and servers, as well as embedded systems and IoT devices that have no audio hardware at all. We also show that the attack can operate from an ordinary user mode process, run on virtual machines monitors (VMMs), and doesn’t need special privileges.
NEHRP Site Amplification Factors and the NGA Relationships

The Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) relationships were developed using a large database of strong motion recordings of shallow crustal earthquakes. The functional form of the relationships provides an opportunity to assess and update if necessary the site class coefficients provided in the NEHRP Provisions and ASCE-7. Site amplification factors estimated using the Boore and Atkinson, Campbell and Bozorgnia, and Chiou and Youngs NGA relationships are computed and averaged for a combination of magnitude, distance, faulting type and period and for NEHRP/ASCE-7 Site Classes B, C, D and E and boundaries A/B, B/C, C/D and D/E. The average NGA site amplification factors show a clear dependency on period for VS30 smaller than 270 m/s and are substantially greater than the current NEHRP site class coefficients in some cases. The use of the NEHRP/ASCE-7 site class coefficients and spectral demands for the reference site condition computed using the NGA relationships may produce erroneous results. A family of site class coefficients is proposed to address these issues in a format suitable for inclusion in the NEHRP Provisions and ASCE-7.
Malware Contaminated Website Detection by Scanning Page Links

With increasing growth of communication networks, social interactions and financial transactions have been migrate to virtual environments. Internet is one of the most substantial platform for most people's social interactions and transactions. However, the notable challenge in online transactions is security in cyber environments and to understand the hazards accompanied with this communication platform. Because of the increased use of Internet and virtual environments in daily affairs such as financial transactions, this platform has become the focus of attackers and swindlers, for example the stealing of users' passwords. In this paper, we introduce main methods which attackers use to contaminate websites by malware. Even though several articles have been written on the subject, our main goal is introducing the advanced type of these frauds conducted by professional attackers which includes contaminating websites by any kind of malware like using phishing attacks, security vulnerability in web, social engineering and click hijacking. Finally we present our approach for confronting frauds conducted by installing spyware by contaminated websites attack and malware behavior.
HARMONIC CONTRIBUTION DETERMINATION BY ELECTRICITY TRACING METHODS

In this paper, electricity tracing algorithms are applied to determine harmonic contribution. The most popular electricity tracing methods are the Bialek's and the Kirschen's methods which are used in this paper. The advantage of these methods for determining harmonic power contribution is their precision. Also, the implementation of these methods is easier than the common harmonic contribution methods. The common methods analyze current and voltage distortion, however in electricity tracing methods power distortion is analyzed. To clarify the performance of the electricity tracing methods in determining harmonic contribution, some numerical results of applying these algorithms to a sample 8-bus power network are provided.
Design, fabrication and testing of a liquid hydrogen fuel tank for a long duration aircraft

Liquid hydrogen has distinct advantages as an aircraft fuel. These include a specific heat of combustion 2.8 times greater than gasoline or jet fuel and zero carbon emissions. It can be utilized by fuel cells, turbine engines and internal combustion engines. The high heat of combustion is particularly important in the design of long endurance aircraft with liquid hydrogen enabling cruise endurance of several days. However, the mass advantage of the liquid hydrogen fuel will result in a mass advantage for the fuel system only if the liquid hydrogen tank and insulation mass is a small fraction of the hydrogen mass. The challenge is producing a tank that meets the mass requirement while insulating the cryogenic liquid hydrogen well enough to prevent excessive heat leak and boil off. In this paper, we report on the design, fabrication and testing of a liquid hydrogen fuel tank for a prototype high altitude long endurance (HALE) demonstration aircraft. Design options on tank geometry, tank wall material and insulation systems are discussed. The final design is an aluminum sphere insulated with spray on foam insulation (SOFI). Several steps and organizations were involved in the tank fabrication and test. The tank was cold shocked, helium leak checked and proof pressure tested. The overall thermal performance was verified with a boil off test using liquid hydrogen.Liquid hydrogen has distinct advantages as an aircraft fuel. These include a specific heat of combustion 2.8 times greater than gasoline or jet fuel and zero carbon emissions. It can be utilized by fuel cells, turbine engines and internal combustion engines. The high heat of combustion is particularly important in the design of long endurance aircraft with liquid hydrogen enabling cruise endurance of several days. However, the mass advantage of the liquid hydrogen fuel will result in a mass advantage for the fuel system only if the liquid hydrogen tank and insulation mass is a small fraction of the hydrogen mass. The challenge is producing a tank that meets the mass requirement while insulating the cryogenic liquid hydrogen well enough to prevent excessive heat leak and boil off. In this paper, we report on the design, fabrication and testing of a liquid hydrogen fuel tank for a prototype high altitude long endurance (HALE) demonstration aircraft. Design options on tank geometry, tank wall material and i.
Minimising earliness and tardiness by integrating production scheduling with shipping information

Minimisation of earliness and tardiness is known to be critical to manufacturing companies because it may induce numerous tangible and intangible problems, i.e. extra storage cost, spacing, risk of damages, penalty, etc. In literature, earliness and tardiness is usually determined based on order due date, generally regarded as the time of delivering the finished products to the customers. In many papers, delivery time and cost required are usually simplified during the production scheduling. They usually assume that transportation is always available and unlimited. However, transportation usually constructs a critical portion of the total lead time and total cost in practice. Ignoring that will lead to an unreliable schedule. This is especially significant for electronic household appliances manufacturing companies as the studied company in this paper. In general, they usually rely on sea-freight transportation because of the economic reasons. As different sea-freight forwarders have different shipments to the same destination but with different shipping lead time, cost and available time. Adequately considering this shipping information with the production scheduling as an integrated model can minimise the costs induced by earliness and tardiness and the reliability of the schedule planned. In this paper, a two-level genetic algorithm (TLGA) is proposed, which is capable of simultaneously determining production schedule with shipping information. The optimisation reliability of the proposed TLGA is tested by comparing with a simple genetic algorithm. The results indicated that the proposed TLGA can obtain a better solution with lesser number of evolutions. In addition, a number of numerical experiments are carried out. The results demonstrate that the proposed integrated approach can reduce the tardiness, the storage cost, and shipping cost.
A new approach to power supplies for robots

A cableless power supply system for multiaxis robots is proposed. As key components, it contains rotatable transformers placed in the joints of the robot. It consists of two halves of a ferrite pot core containing the primary and secondary windings, respectively. The energy is transferred to the movable parts of the robot through this transformer at a frequency of 25 kHz. This frequency allows a compact design of the transformer. A schematic representation of the new system is offered. Investigations of the steady-state and the transient behavior were carried out. Experimental results were obtained from an experimental setup with a 20 kVA, 650 V IGBT converter. >
A jumping genes paradigm for the design of wide‐band patch antenna with double shorting wall

A newly developed evolutionary computing algorithm, Jumping Genes Evolutionary Algorithm is applied to optimize the dimensions of a folded patch antenna with double shorting walls. In the optimized design, an impedance bandwidth (VSWR ≤2) of 101% is recorded, which shows an improvement by 29% comparing with its original design. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 706–709, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22234
Characterizing the stress and electrical properties of superconducting molybdenum films

In the process of minimizing stress in sputtered molybdenum (Mo) films for fabricating transition-edge sensor devices, we have investigated correlations between the stress and film deposition parameters. At a fixed sputtering power, the tensile stress of our film samples decreases toward both low and high ends of Ar pressure, suggestive of two physical mechanisms at work: an ‘atomic peening’ effect at low Ar pressure and the development of voids at high Ar pressure. We have also carried out correlative studies of the stress and electrical properties (including superconducting critical temperature and residual resistivity) of the film samples, and found that the results are complex. We have made extensive comparisons with the published results, and attempted to explain the discrepancies in terms of film deposition techniques, sample preparation and treatment, and dynamical ranges of measurements. It is fairly clear that the microscopic properties, including porosity and disorder, of Mo films may have significant impact on the correlations.
Buckling of Sheathed Walls: Nonlinear Analysis

A nonlinear theory for analyzing the buckling behavior of sheathed walls is presented. The theory predicts that the reversal of lateral deflection occurs when the load is applied near the compression center of the wall. This phenomenon is due to the movement of the compression center caused by the nonlinear joint stiffness. Tests are conducted to verify the theory. A good agreement between test results and theoretical results is seen. The resulting difference between the nonlinear theory and the linear theory presented in a previous paper by the author is investigated. The linear theory is found to approximately predict the wall buckling at low values of nail slip and loads until the wall reaches buckling loads. Because of the partial composite action, the sheathed walls have a higher maximum load than unsheathed walls as long as the load is applied at the same position.
Undoing Wh-Movement: On the Need for Multiple Copies

This contribution presents an outline of the current scholarly discussion of reconstruction with wh-movement, focussing on the Lebeaux Effect (LE) and wider aspects of reconstruction with wh-movement. It presents empirical problems for both the proposals based on the LE and the novel account of movement and reconstruction based on the notion of Minimal Copy. It points out that particular copies may differ not only in size (i.e., they do or do not include the adjunct as a relative clause or PP) but also in content. It refers to an analysis, where copies left by movement are levelled with copies left by ellipsis and subject to the mechanism of Vehicle Change. An account of reconstruction including multiple copies and Vehicle Change predicts that the structural complexity of the wh-phrase and its distance from the offending c-commanding pronoun (embedding and obviation effects) should contribute to an amelioration of Condition C in addition to the LE.
Novel dielectric elastomer sensors for compression load detection

Beside their application in actuation and energy harvesting, dielectric elastomers (DE) have also strong capabilities for stretch-sensing based on capacitive measurements. However, for compression detection the simple state-of-the-art DE films are too insensitive. In order to close this gap, a novel class of DE sensors for compression measurements has been developed. The new sensor mats consist of two flexible elastomer profiles, between which an elastomer film is squeezed, converting the compression to a stretch load. With this mechanism, very high sensitivities of the capacitive measurement under compression load are achieved. Furthermore, various parameters which influence the characteristics of the sensor mat have been identified. Most relevant are the shape of the profiles, the number and design of the electrode layers as well as the hardness of the profiles and of the elastomer film. The high variability of the sensor mat design offers farreaching possibilities to tune the characteristics of the compressions sensor in terms of the dependence of capacitance on the load force. The basic principles of the design of the new compression sensor mats are outlined and various examples of such flexible sensors are introduced in this paper.
Improving Design by Partnering in Engineering–Procurement–Construction (EPC) Hydropower Projects: A Case Study of a Large-Scale Hydropower Project in China

Hydropower, as a renewable energy resource, has become an important way to fit for Chinese long-term energy policy of energy transformation. Engineering–procurement–construction (EPC) has been increasingly adopted for improving hydropower project delivery efficiency in the utilization of water resources and generation of clean energy, where design plays a critical role in project success. Existing studies advocate the need to use partnering for better solutions to designs in EPC hydropower projects. However, there is a lack of a theoretical framework to systematically address design-related issues considering different participants’ interactions. This study coherently examined the causal relationships among partnering, design management, design capability, and EPC hydropower project performance by establishing and validating a conceptual model, with the support of data collected from a large-scale EPC hydropower project. Path analysis reveals that partnering can directly promote design management and design capability and exert an effect on design capability through enhancing design management, thereby achieving better hydropower project outcomes. This study’s contribution lies in that it theoretically builds the links between intra- and inter-organizational design-related activities by systematically mapping EPC hydropower project performance on partnering, design management, and design capability. These findings also suggest broad practical strategies for participants to optimally integrate their complementary resources into designs to achieve superior hydropower project performance.
Adaptive interaction protocol for multi-agent-based supply network

Supply network is a special form of organization, where two paradigms are combined: market interaction and hierarchical structure. Because it includes different interdependent entities that should work together, supply network requires efficient tools to support coordination and improve the quality of interaction between these entities. In this thesis, we propose a multi-agent-based interaction protocol for supply network formation. The main characteristic of this protocol is its adaptability to agent behavior during supply network formation. Such an adaptability is needed to form the most suitable organization structure. The novelty of the proposed protocol is the unification of contracting, auction and negotiation in a three-steps solution. Contracting is a planning tool aiming to facilitate solving network formation problem through task decomposition. Auction enables participating agents to jointly search an agreement space and check the contract feasibility. Finally, negotiation is the last resort for agents to reach an agreement. It is applicable when agents fail to reach an agreement due to lack of knowledge about the existing constraints. In fact, negotiation is used to release constraints when no realizable solution is obtained under auction. The second contribution of this thesis is the consideration of supply network formation within a general framework of coordinated distributed problem solving. The proposed protocol and framework are simulated through a multi-agent system prototype serving as a proof of concept. The simulation results show the effectiveness of our three-steps solution protocol in terms of network formation success, customer satisfaction and the total gained rewards of the whole network.
Variable-cutoff two-dimensional lowpass f.i.r. digital filters

A recently formulated transformation for implementing 1-dimensional variable-cutoff filters is extended to the design of 2-dimensional variable-cutoff lowpass filters, and it is shown that the cutoff frequencies along the two frequency axes can be independently controlled, each by one parameter. The filters designed with the 1st-order transformation have certain drawbacks, which are shown to be overcome with the 2nd-order transformation with proper constraints on the variable parameters.