Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Expressions of Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) Related Genes Under Metal (Cu, Zn and Fe) Toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana

Aim of this work was to investigate effects of toxic levels of Cu, Zn and Fe treatments on small ubiquitinlike modifier (SUMO) machinery of Arabidopsis thaliana. SUMO is a 100-115 amino acid posttranslational modifier that can regulate stability, activity or sub-cellular localization of target proteins. A. thaliana plants were treated with 50 μM Cu, 700 μM Zn and 400 μM Fe for 7 d and then expressions of genes related to SUMOylation and deSUMOylation of target proteins were measured with qRT-PCR. Only Cu treatment was able to induce genes related to SUMOylation (SUM3, SAE2, SIZ1) of target proteins, while all of the three metals used in this study was effective in inducing a deSUMOylation related gene. Results of this study indicate that deSUMOylation of proteins might be a part of plant response to metal toxicity.
ABUNDANCE OF IXODES PERSULCATUS TICKS IN KOMI REPUBLIC AS A FUNCTION OF AN AIR TEMPERATURE

The sharp rising incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Komi Republic at the North-east of European Russia was recorded last decades. Tick-bite incidence also was grown. Rapid rise of TBE incidence growth and Ixodidae ticks depends on a number of factors, and the impact of climate change being one of them. Ixodes persulcatus ticks is considered as a main vector of TBE in Komi. Our objective is to estimate the influence of air temperature change on the tickbite incidence and Ixodes persulcatus population in Komi. Komi Republic is located near the Polar circle where the northern frontier of Ixodes persulcatus ticks situated and we expected the growth of tick’s population. The number of Komi inhabitants seeking medical care after tick bites in 1992–2014 was considered. Gridded monthly air temperature data with grid size 0.5 degree were recalculated to temperature referred to Komi administrative units. The time series of annual number of tick victims from 1992 till 2014 and model air temperature from 1948 till 2016 for all Komi administrative units were compiled. We analyzed the data on tick-bite incidence in Komi administrative units in relation to changes in local annual average air temperature within the study area. The linear dependence of the tick-bite incidence on air temperature was established when of the tick-bite incidence is represented in logarithm form. The tick population depends not only on temperature but humidity, landcover and hosts. Described areas of Komi belong to humid climate, where precipitations exceed evaporation. Most of the Komi territory is covered by taiga with underwood, grass and bush. Hosts of the first and the major levels are represented by birds and rodents. The dependence of tick-bite incidence and temperature looks like “Malthus’s law”, but the development of population depends on temperature not on time. The exponential growth in the nearest future will ceased and the population will proceed to stable phase. Ticks population in Komi Republic is moving to the North and the air temperature determines the dynamics of population.
Square Partitions and Catalan Numbers

For each integer $k\ge 1$, we define an algorithm which associates to a partition whose maximal value is at most $k$ a certain subset of all partitions. In the case when we begin with a partition $\lambda$ which is square, i.e $\lambda=\lambda_1\ge. \ge\lambda_k>0$, and $\lambda_1=k,\lambda_k=1$, then applying the algorithm $\ell$ times gives rise to a set whose cardinality is either the Catalan number $c_{\ell-k+1}$ (the self dual case) or twice the Catalan number. The algorithm defines a tree and we study the propagation of the tree, which is not in the isomorphism class of the usual Catalan tree. The algorithm can also be modified to produce a two--parameter family of sets and the resulting cardinalities of the sets are the ballot numbers. Finally, we give a conjecture on the rank of a particular module for the ring of symmetric functions in $2\ell+m$ variables.
Numbers with integer expansion in the numeration system with negative base

In this paper, we study representations of real numbers in the positional numeration system with negative basis, as introduced by Ito and Sadahiro. We focus on the set $\Z_{-\beta}$ of numbers whose representation uses only non-negative powers of $-\beta$, the so-called $(-\beta)$-integers. We describe the distances between consecutive elements of $\Z_{-\beta}$. In case that this set is non-trivial we associate to $\beta$ an infinite word $\boldsymbol{v}_{-\beta}$ over an (in general infinite) alphabet. The self-similarity of $\Z_{-\beta}$, i.e., the property $-\beta \Z_{-\beta}\subset \Z_{-\beta}$, allows us to find a morphism under which $\boldsymbol{v}_{-\beta}$ is invariant. On the example of two cubic irrational bases $\beta$ we demonstrate the difference between Rauzy fractals generated by $(-\beta)$-integers and by $\beta$-integers.
A Bivariate Preprocessing Paradigm for Buchberger-M\"oller Algorithm

For the last almost three decades, since the famous Buchberger-M\"oller(BM) algorithm emerged, there has been wide interest in vanishing ideals of points and associated interpolation polynomials. Our paradigm is based on the theory of bivariate polynomial interpolation on cartesian point sets that gives us related degree reducing interpolation monomial and Newton bases directly. Since the bases are involved in the computation process as well as contained in the final output of BM algorithm, our paradigm obviously simplifies the computation and accelerates the BM process. The experiments show that the paradigm is best suited for the computation over finite prime fields that have many applications.
Twisted kink crystal in the chiral Gross-Neveu model

We present the detailed properties of a self-consistent crystalline chiral condensate in the massless chiral Gross-Neveu model. We show that a suitable ansatz for the Gorkov resolvent reduces the functional gap equation, for the inhomogeneous condensate, to a nonlinear Schroedinger equation, which is exactly soluble. The general crystalline solution includes as special cases all previously known real and complex condensate solutions to the gap equation. Furthermore, the associated Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation is also soluble with this inhomogeneous chiral condensate, and the exact spectral properties are derived. We find an all-orders expansion of the Ginzburg-Landau effective Lagrangian and show how the gap equation is solved order by order.
J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 47, 269–277 (2001)

Incomplete reduction of oxygen during respiration in aerobically grown cells can result in production of several oxygen-containing reactive species leading to the generation of potent oxidizing agents as byproducts (Fridovich, 1978). Therefore, organisms that use molecular oxygen must have a system to protect themselves from oxidative damage. Alkyl hydroperoxide reductases (AHPRs) have been identified as general stress proteins in Salmonella typhimurium (Christman et al., 1985) and Bacillus subtilis (Antelmann et al., 1996; Bsat et al., 1996). AHPR was first purified from S. typhimurium strain oxyR1, which is resistant to killing and mutation by alkyl hydroperoxides (AHPs) and other oxidants (Jacobson et al., 1989). The two-component AHPR system has been characterized as a protective system functioning to reduce and detoxify organic hydroperoxides (Jacobson et al., 1989) and hydrogen peroxide (Niimura et al., 1995). The large subunit (AhpF) transfers electrons from NADH to the small subunit (AhpC). AhpC, also referred to as peroxiredoxin (Poole et al., 2000), further transfers them to the substrate (Poole, 1996; Poole and Ellis, 1996). AhpC-type proteins have been shown to be distributed in a wide range of organisms including not only microorganisms but also plants (Baier and Dietz, 1996) Molecular cloning and transcriptional analysis of the alkyl hydroperoxide reductase genes from Pseudomonas putida KT2442
An Organizational Approach to the Polysemy Problem in WordNet

Polysemy in WordNet corresponds to various kinds of linguistic phenomena that can be grouped into five classes. One of them is homonymy that refers to the cases, where the meanings of a term are unrelated, and three of the classes refer to the polysemy cases, where the meanings of a term are related. These three classes are specialization polysemy, metonymy, and metaphoric polysemy.Another polysemy class is the compound noun polysemy. In this thesis, we focus on compound noun polysemy and specialization polysemy. Compound noun Polysemy corresponds to the cases, where we use the modified noun to refer to a compound noun. Specialization polysemy is a type of related polysemy referring to the polysemy cases, when a term is used to refer to either a more general meaning or a more specific meaning. Compound noun polysemy and specialization polysemy in WordNet are considered the main reasons behind the highpolysemous nature of WordNet that make WordNet redundant and too fine grained for natural language processing. Another problem in WordNet is its polysemy representation. WordNet represents the polysemous terms by capturing the different meanings of them at lexical level but without giving emphasis on the polysemy classes these terms belong to. The highpolysemous nature and the polysemy representation in WordNet affect the usability of it as suitable knowledge representation resource for natural language processing applications. In fact, the polysemy problem in WordNet is a challenging problem for natural language processing applications, especially in the field of information retrieval and semantic search. To solve this problem, many approaches have been suggested. Although all the state of the art approaches are good to solve the polysemy problem partially, they do not give a general solution for it. In this thesis, we propose a novel approach to solve the compound noun and specialization polysemy problem in WordNet in the case of nouns. Solving the compound noun polysemy and the specialization polysemy problem is an important step that enhances the usability of WordNet as a knowledge representation resource. The proposed approach is not an alternative to the existing approaches. It is a complementary solution for the state of the art approaches especially the systematic polysemy approaches.
Lifting to cluster-tilting objects in higher cluster categories

In this note, we consider the $d$-cluster-tilted algebras, the endomorphism algebras of $d$-cluster-tilting objects in $d$-cluster categories. We show that a tilting module over such an algebra lifts to a $d$-cluster-tilting object in this $d$-cluster category.
Harmonic functions, h-transform and large deviations for random walks in random environments in dimensions four and higher

We consider large deviations for nearest-neighbor random walk in a uniformly elliptic i.i. d. environment on ℤ d . There exist variational formulae for the quenched and averaged rate functions I q and I a , obtained by Rosenbluth and Varadhan, respectively. I q and I a are not identically equal. However, when d ≥ 4 and the walk satisfies the so-called (T) condition of Sznitman, they have been previously shown to be equal on an open set A eq . For every ξ ∈ A eq , we prove the existence of a positive solution to a Laplace-like equation involving ξ and the original transition kernel of the walk. We then use this solution to define a new transition kernel via the h-transform technique of Doob. This new kernel corresponds to the unique minimizer of Varadhan's variational formula at ξ. It also corresponds to the unique minimizer of Rosenbluth's variational formula, provided that the latter is slightly modified.
Dynamics of Particulate Matter near the Mouth of Influx River in Takahamairi Bay of Lake Kasumigaura, with Special Reference to Nitrogen and Phosphorus

To understand the dynamic changes in water quality near the mouth of influx rivers (lake estuary), two kinds of surveys were performed in Takahamairi Bay of Lake Kasumigaura. The first survey was the regular water sampling mainly to measure carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and metal compositions of particulate matter, and then to analyze the mutual relationships. Three-component model (comprised of soil particles, allochthonous organic matter, and autochthonous matter) on the basis of Ti and chlorophyll-a compositions was successfully applied for the explanations of the longitudinal distribution of phosphorus content, which had relatively different characteristics from those of organic carbon, organic nitrogen. Besides, the variations in some compositions could be accounted for by the meteorological, hydraulic conditions. As for the second survey, the dynamics of nitrogen, phosphorus, and other water qualities were described for the direct runoff period due to a rainfall of 23 mm. Through budgetary calculation, it was elucidated that 40% of the total load for a stormy period and 55% on a dry weather day were trapped in the lake estuary. Hence, these surveys indicate that the behavior of particulate matter in lake estuary affects greatly the fate of influent nitrogen and phosphorus in whole lake.
Optimal design of minimum-energy pulses for Bloch equations in the case of dominant transverse relaxation

In this report, we apply optimal control theory to design minimum energy {pi}/2 and {pi} pulses for Bloch equations, in the case where transverse relaxation rate is much larger than longitudinal so the later can be neglected. Using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle, we derive an optimal feedback law and subsequently use it to obtain analytical expressions for the energy and duration of the optimal pulses.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF RUNNING CHEETAH MECHANICAL TOY USING FOUR-BAR LINKAGE

: Four-bar is the simplest planar 1-DOF closed loop linkage. It has been studied for centuries for its versatility and simplicity. In this paper a novel design method to obtain a four-bar linkage given a path and its endpoints will be presented. This method will then be applied to a case study of making a model that produces a specified movement based on reference animation. The mechanism obtained had an average root-mean-square of position error of roughly 14.3 pixels for front leg and 25.9 pixels for hind leg. This number is quite small compared to the perimeter of the traced path, which are 530 pixels and 617 pixels for front leg and hind leg respectively. A prototype model of the designed mechanism was fabricated to verify its manufacturing viability and to confirm the correctness of the path generated.
SURVEY AND SUMMARY Multiple roles of the coding sequence 5 end in gene expression regulation

The codon composition of the coding sequence’s (ORF) 5 end first few dozen codons is known to be distinct to that of the rest of the ORF. Various explanations for the unusual codon distribution in this region have been proposed in recent years, and include, among others, novel regulatory mechanisms of translation initiation and elongation. However, due to the fact that many overlapping regulatory signals are suggested to be associated with this relatively short region, its research is challenging. Here, we review the currently known signals that appear in this region, the theories related to the way they regulate translation and affect the organismal fitness, and the debates they provoke.
Information-theoretic characterization of the neural mechanisms of active multisensory decision making

 Abstract — The signals delivered by different sensory modalities provide us with complementary information about the environment. A key component of interacting with the world is how to direct ones’ sensors so as to extract task -relevant information in order to optimize subsequent perceptual decisions. This process is often referred to as active sensing. Importantly, the processing of multisensory information acquired actively from multiple sensory modalities requires the interaction of multiple brain areas over time. Here we investigated the neural underpinnings of active visual-haptic integration during performance of a two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) reaction time (RT) task. We asked human subjects to discriminate the amplitude of two texture stimuli a) using only visual (V) information, b) using only haptic (H) information and c) combining the two sensory cues (VH), while electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded. To quantify multivariate interactions between EEG signals and active sensory experience in the three sensory conditions, we employed a novel information-theoretic methodology. This approach provides a principled way to quantify the contribution of each one of the sensory modalities to the perception of the stimulus and assess whether the respective neural representations may interact to form a percept of the stimulus and ultimately drive perceptual decisions. Application of this method to our data identified a) an EEG component (comprising frontal and occipital electrodes) carrying behavioral information that is common to the two sensory inputs and b) another EEG component (mainly motor) reflecting a synergistic representational interaction between the two sensory inputs. We suggest that the proposed approach can be used to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying cross-modal interactions in active multisensory processing and decision-making.
Completion of the Proof of the Geometrization Conjecture

This article is a sequel to the book `Ricci Flow and the Poincare Conjecture' by the same authors. Using the main results of that book we establish the Geometrization Conjecture for all compact, orientable three-manifolds following the approach indicated by Perelman in his preprints on the subject. This approach is to study the collapsed part of the manifold as time goes to infinity in a Ricci flow with surgery. The main technique for this study is the theory of Alexandrov spaces. This theory gives local models for the collapsed part of the manifold. These local models can be glued together to prove that the collapsed part of the manifold is a graph manifold with incompressible boundary. From this and previous results, geometrization follows easily.
Two Weight Inequalities for Maximal Truncations of Dyadic Calderón-Zygmund Operators

We consider L^p two weight inequalities for maximal truncations of dyadic Calderon-Zygmund operators. In the case of one weight being doubling, a characterization is given, and for the general case, sufficient conditions are given, including standard and non-standard testing conditions. The arguments of this paper parallel the authors prior work arXiv:0805.4711, but in this paper are much easier.
Can one hear the density of a drum? Weyl's law for inhomogeneous media

We generalize Weyl's law to inhomogeneous bodies in d dimensions. Using a perturbation scheme recently obtained by us (Amore P., J. Math. Phys., 51 (2010) 052105), we have derived an explicit formula, which describes the asymptotic behavior of the eigenvalues of the negative Laplacian on a closed d-dimensional cubic domain, either with Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions. For homogeneous bodies, the leading term in our formula reduces to the standard expression for Weyl's law. We have also used Weyl's conjecture to obtain a non-perturbative extension of our formula and we have compared our analytical results with the precise numerical results obtained using the Conformal Collocation Method (CCM) (see Amore P., J. Math. Phys., 51 (2010) 052105; J. Phys. A, 41 (2008) 265206).
From Brain to Bile EVIDENCE THAT CONJUGATION AND (cid:1) -HYDROXYLATION ARE IMPORTANT FOR ELIMINATION OF 24S-HYDROXYCHOLESTEROL (CEREBROSTEROL) IN HUMANS*

The brain is the almost exclusive site of formation of 24S-hydroxycholesterol in man, and there is a continu-ous flux of this oxysterol across the blood-brain barrier into the circulation. The hepatic metabolism of 24S-hy-droxycholesterol was studied here by three different approaches: incubation of tritium-labeled 24S-hydroxy-cholesterol with human primary hepatocytes, administration of tritium-labeled 24S-hydroxycholesterol to a human volunteer, and quantitation of free and conjugated 24S-hydroxycholesterol and its neutral metabolites in ileocecal fluid from patients with ileal fistulae. as well as 24R-hydroxycholes-terol into acids hepatocytes at a of about intermediate acid synthesis,
Maps of several variables of finite total variation and Helly-type selection principles

Given a map from a rectangle in the n-dimensional real Euclidean space into a metric semigroup, we introduce a concept of the total variation, which generalizes a similar concept due to T. H. Hildebrandt (1963) for real functions of two variables and A. S. Leonov (1998) for real functions of n variables, and study its properties. We show that the total variation has many classical properties of Jordan's variation such as the additivity, generalized triangle inequality and sequential lower semicontinuity. We prove two variants of a pointwise selection principle of Helly-type, one of which is as follows: a pointwise precompact sequence of metric semigroup valued maps on the rectangle, whose total variations are uniformly bounded, admits a pointwise convergent subsequence.
D YNAMICALLY A DAPTING F LOATING -P OINT P RECI - SION TO A

Mixed-precision arithmetic combining both singleand half-precision operands on the same operation has been successfully applied to train deep neural networks. Despite the advantages of mixed-precision arithmetic in terms of reducing the need for key resources like memory bandwidth or register file size, it has a limited capacity for diminishing computing costs and requires 32-bits to represent its output operands. This paper proposes two approaches to replace mixed-precision for half-precision arithmetic during a large portion of the training. The first approach achieves accuracy ratios slightly slower than the state-of-the-art by using half-precision arithmetic during more than 99% of training. The second approach reaches the same accuracy as the state-of-the-art by dynamically switching between halfand mixed-precision arithmetic during training. It uses half-precision during more than 94% of the training process. This paper is the first in demonstrating that half-precision can be used for a very large portion of DNNs training and still reach state-of-the-art accuracy.
Kettlebell Exercise as an Alternative to Improve Aerobic Power and Muscle Strength

1 Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil. 2 Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 3 Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Nikaia, Greece. 4 Setor de Fisiologia Humana e do Exercício, Laboratório de Avaliação do Movimento Humano, Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil. Authors submitted their contribution to the article to the editorial board. Accepted for printing in the Journal of Human Kinetics vol. 66/2019 in March 2019. Kettlebell Exercise as an Alternative to Improve Aerobic Power and Muscle Strength