Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First evidence of the deletion in the Pfhrp2 and Pfhrp3 genes in P. falciparum from Equatorial Guinea

Background WHO recommends RDTs as a good alternative malaria-diagnosis method in remote parts of sub-Saharan Africa. The majority of commercial RDTs currently available detect the P. falciparum protein histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2). There have also been recent reports of Pfhrp2 deletions being found in parasites collected from several African countries. WHO has concluded that the lacking the Pfhrp2 gene must be monitored in Africa. The purpose of the study was to analyze why the samples that were positive by PCR were negative by RDTs; and, therefore, to determine whether there have been deletions in the Pfhrp2 and/or Pfhrp3 genes. Methods Malaria NM-PCR was carried out to all the samples collected in the field. A group of 128 samples was positive by PCR but negatives by RDT, these samples were classified as RDT false-negatives. It was carried out a PCR for exon2 of Pfhrp2 and Pfhrp3 genes to detect the presence or absence of these two genes. Frequencies with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for prevalence estimates. Associations were assessed by the chi-square test or Fisher´s exact test. The level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Statistical analyses were performed using the software package SPSSv.15. 0. Results After the PCR, 81 samples were identified (4.7%, 95%CI: 3.8-5.8) which had deletion in both genes, Pfhrp2 and Pfhrp3 . Overall, however, 11 samples (0.6%, 95%CI: 0.36-1.14) had deletion only in Pfhrp2 but not in Pfhrp3 , and 15 (0.9%, 95%CI: 0.6-1.5) presented with deletion only in Pfhrp3 but not in Pfhrp2 . Considering the Pfhrp2 gene separately, within the total of 1,724 samples, 92 (5.3%, 95%CI: 4.37-6.5) had evidence of deletion. Conclusion The present study provides the first evidence of deletion in the Pfhrp2 and Pfhrp3 genes in P. falciparum isolates from Equatorial Guinea. However, larger studies across different regions within the country and across different seasonal profiles are needed to determine the full extent of Pfhrp2 and Pfhrp3 deletion. It would be strongly recommendable to implement an active surveillance program in order to detect any increases in Pfhrp2 and Pfhrp3 deletion frequencies.
LATERAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND UNDERPINNING. VOLUME II. DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS

This report provides current information and design guidelines on cut-and-cover tunneling for practicing engineers. The main emphasis is on the geotechnical aspects of engineering. Included in this volume is a state-of-the-art summary of displacements and lateral pressure. Other topics are basic concepts of soil mechanics, ground water in open cut, passive resistance, design aspects of lateral earth pressure, stability analysis of sheeted excavations, bearing capacity of deep foundations, and construction monitoring. Detailed explanations of design methods and literature citations are included. Other reports prepared as part of the study are FHWA-RD-75-128, Volume I, Design and Construction; FHWA-RD-75-130, Volume 3, Construction Methods; and FHWA-RD-75-131, Concepts for Improved Lateral Support Systems.
Bark Beetle-Induced Changes to Crown Fuel Flammability and Crown Fire Potential

4 Introduction . 5 Bark Beetle Effects on Forest Structure, Composition and Fuel Bed Characteristics . 10 Crown Fire Initiation and Spread . 17 Challenges in Modeling Crown Fire Behavior in Bark Beetle-Affected Forests . 21 Shortand Long-Term Implications for Fire Suppression . 28 Bark Beetles, Fires, and Forest Health. 30 References . 32 3. MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE ATTACK ALTERS THE CHEMISTRY AND FLAMMABILITY OF LODGEPOLE PINE FOLIAGE. 44 Abstract . 44 Introduction . 45 Methods. 48 Results . 58 Discussion . 73 viii Conclusion . 76 References . 78 4. SPRUCE BEETLE-INDUCED CHANGES TO ENGELMANN SPRUCE FOLIAGE FLAMMABILITY . 84 Abstract . 84 Introduction . 85 Methods. 88 Results . 96 Discussion . 106 Conclusion . 113 Literature Cited . 113 5. FOLIAR MOISTURE CONTENT VARIATIONS IN LODGEPOLE PINE OVER THE DIURNAL CYCLE DURING THE RED STAGE OF MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE ATTACK . 120 Abstract . 120 Introduction . 121 Material and Methods . 122 Results . 126 Discussion and Conclusions . 130 References . 132 6. MODELS TO PREDICT THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF LODGEPOLE PINE FOLIAGE DURING THE RED STAGE OF MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE ATTACK . 136 Abstract . 136 Introduction . 137 Description of Models. 139 Methods. 142 Results . 146 Discussion and Conclusions . 152 Literature Cited . 154 7. CROWN FIRE POTENTIAL IN LODGEPOLE PINE FORESTS DURING THE RED STAGE OF MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE ATTACK . 157 Abstract . 157 Introduction . 158 MPB Effects on Surface Fuels . 161 MPB Effects on Crown and Canopy Fuel Properties . 163 Crown Fire Initiation in Recently Attacked Lodgepole Pine ix Forests . 168 Crown Fire Spread in Recently Attacked Lodgepole Pine Forests . 175 Field Observations of Fire Behavior . 182 Conclusion . 189 References . 191 8. WILDFIRE’S RESISTANCE TO CONTROL IN MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE-ATTACKED LODGEPOLE PINE FORESTS . 200 Abstract . 200 Introduction . 201 Broadening the Definition of “Resistance to Control” . 205 Fire Behavior Characteristics . 206 Fire Suppression Operations . 213 Firefighter Safety Considerations . 216 Implications for Fire Research and Fire Management . 219 Conclusions . 222 References . 222 9. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS . 230 Introduction . 230 Seasonal Changes in Moisture Content, Chemistry, and Flammability of Lodgepole Pine and Engelmann Spruce Foliage . 232 Diurnal Changes in Lodgepole Pine Foliar Moisture Content. 234 Crown Fire Potential in Lodgepole Pine Forests . 235 Conclusions . 236 References . 237 APPENDICES . 239 CURRICULUM VITAE . 249
Condition assessment of concrete structures

Abstract: An overview of the principles and practices of condition assessment of existing concrete structures is presented as well as the progression of assessment work prior to the implementation of repairs from a consulting engineer’s perspective. Non-destructive testing techniques, materials engineering/testing techniques, selection of samples, and development of evaluation options are also considered.
ADAB BERMEDIA SOSIAL DALAM PANDANGAN ISLAM

Perkembangan teknologi, khususnya teknologi komunikasi dan informatika, sedang mengalami masa keemasan, satu diantaranya media sosial. Media sosial seakan-akan sudah menjadi kebutuhan hidup manusia, setiap saat orang mengakses internet demi terhubung dengan perkembangan berita yang ada di media sosial, seperti kabar dari orang tua, saudara, teman, rekan bisnis, atau kabar dari suatu grup tertentu. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk menganalisis bagaimana adab bermedia sosial dalam pandangan Islam. Metode penulisan menggunakan kajian pustaka dengan merujuk beberapa sumber referensi baik sumber primer maupun sumber sekunder yang berasal dari beberapa buku, al-Qur’an, al-Hadits, maupun jurnal. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, disimpulkan bahwa seorang muslim dalam bersosialisasi dengan menggunakan media sosial hendaknya senantiasa menjunjung tinggi adab dalam bersosialisasi, dengan saling menghormati sesama mahluk ciptaan Allah, karena setiap perbuatan yang dikerjakan di dunia akan dipertanggungjawabkan di akhirat. Manfaat media sosial cukup banyak untuk mencari ridho Allah SWT, tergantung penggunaannya, apakah digunakan untuk hal-hal yang baik atau buruk. Kata kunci: Adab, Islam, media sosial Abstract. The development of technology, especially communication and informatics technology, is being developed golden, one that is approved by social media. Social media seems to be a necessity for human life, every time people access the internet to connect with the development of news on social media, such as news from parents, siblings, friends, business associates, or news from any particular group. The purpose of the discussion of this article is to analyze how social media is in the view of Islam. The comparison method uses literature studies with several reference sources both primary sources and secondary sources derived from several books, the Koran, the Hadith, and journals. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that a Muslim in socializing using social media asked to always uphold adab in socializing, with mutual respect for fellow creatures created by Allah, by conducting research done in the world will be accounted for in the hereafter. The benefits of social media are enough to seek Allah's blessing, depending on its use, it can be used for good or bad things. Keywords: Adab, Islam, social media
A COmfortably Vented, Indigenously Designed (COVID) Fabric Helmet to curb infection spread in Education, Healthcare and other community settings

Considering the current scenario of Coronavirus outbreak and the post-pandemic situation, the need of protective gear such as facemasks assumes utmost importance, for the common populace, as well as in areas of concern such as community and healthcare settings. Prior reported research shows that although the usage of masks may be helpful in curbing the infection spread, a major issue stems from the lack of adherence of proper steps in wearing/taking off masks. The users touch their face, ears, eyes, nose etc. after taking off the masks, ultimately making themselves more susceptible to infection, and thus reducing the efficacy of the suggested measure of using masks. The current masks are quite inadequate. It covers only the nose and mouth, leaving room for the users to touch their face, ears, nose and eyes, which are all the vulnerable gates for the infection transmission. The masks are uncomfortable and require regular adjustment, there are problems of humidity build-up inside masks, high chances of leakage, problems with breathing, and one even needs to take off the mask for ingesting liquids, food, medicine etc. even if one is in a community setting or in a crowded region. Further, since these masks provide insufficient protection, there is an additional burden on the supply chain requirements for other personal protective gear. To address these limitations of the commercially available masks, we propose the design of a low-cost COmfortably Vented, Indigenously Designed (COVID) fabric helmet. It is designed in such a way that usage of this cheap helmet along with the usually worn cloth is enough to provide complete protection to an individual. The fabric helmet is integrated with many innovative design features that will not only address the concerns of the users, but will be comfortable, cheap and also ease pressure on the requirement for expensive, and already scarce personal protective equipment and thus greatly curtail COVID-19 infection spread in the country. Most importantly, the prosed design will serve as a very effective device in the protection of the pediatric population in the educational institutions as well as in residential and healthcare settings, as situations spring back to normalcy in communities around the globe.
APPLICATIONS OF ACOUSTIC TECHNIQUES TO TARGETING DRUG DELIVERY AND DUST REMOVAL RELEVANT TO NASA PROJECTS

Sonoporation, enhanced by ultrasound contrast agents has been explored as a promising non-viral technique to achieve gene transfection and targeting drug delivery in recent years. However, the short lifespan of traditional ultrasound contrast agents like Optison microbubbles under moderate intensity ultrasound exposure limits their application. Liposomes, as drug carriers consisting of curved spherical closed phospholipid bilayer shells, have the following characteristics: 1) The ability to encapsulate and carry hydrophilic or hydrophobic molecules. 2) The biocompatibility with cell membranes. 3) The nanometer size and the relative ease of adding special ligands to their surface to target a specific disease site. 4) The stability in the blood stream. 5) Targeted ultrasound irradiation can induce rupture of liposomes letting the drug encapsulated in them leak out to achieve controlled release of the therapeutic agents at a certain concentration and a delivery rate. In this thesis, several liposome synthesis methods are presented. Liposomes synthesized in our laboratory were characterized acoustically and optically. Anti rabbit IgG conjugated with Alexafluor 647 was delivered into Jurkat cells in a suspension containing liposomes by 10 % duty cycle ultrasound tonebursts of 2.2 MHz (the in situ spatially averged and temporally averaged intensity, ISATA = 80W/cm) with an efficiency of 13 %. It has been experimentally shown that liposomes may be an alternative stable agent to Optison to cause sonoporation. Furthermore, a type of nanometer-sized liposome (<300nm) was synthesized to explore the feasibility of ultrasound-triggered release from drug encapsulated lipsomes. It has been demonstrated encapsulated fluorescence materials (FITC) can be released from liposomes with an average diameter of 210 nm when exposed to high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) at 1.142MHz (ISPTA= 900 W/cm). Rupture of relatively large liposomes (>100nm) and porelike defects in the membrane of small liposomes due to the excitation of HIFU were the main causes of the content release. The great enhancement of HIFU-mediated release in the nanometer-sized liposomes may prove useful for clinical applications. The presence of fine particles in Martian and lunar soil poses a significant threat to NASA’s viable long-term exploration and habitation of either the moon or Mars. It has been experimentally shown that the acoustic levitating radiation force produced by a 13.8 kHz 128 dB sound-level standing wave between a 3 cm-aperture acoustic tweeter and a reflector separated by 9 cm is strong enough to overcome the van der Waals adhesive force between the dust-particles and the reflector-surface. The majority of fine particles (> 2μm diameter) on a reflector surface can be dislodged and removed by a technique combining acoustic levitation and airflow methods. This dust removal technique may be used in space-stations or other enclosures for habitation.
Performance Demonstration Statement PMEL MAPCO2/Battelle Seaology pCO2 Monitoring System

NOTICE: ACT Demonstration Projects are evaluations of technology performance under specific protocols, criteria, and quality assurance procedures that are established by mutual agreement of the ACT technical committee, technical staff and participating vendors. ACT and its Partner Institutions do not certify that a technology will always operate as demonstrated, nor does ACT guarantee future performance of technologies. ACT does not seek to establish nor determine any regulatory compliance; does not rank nor compare technologies; does not label nor list technologies as acceptable or unacceptable; and does not seek to determine “best available technology” for any purpose. The user is solely responsible for complying with any and all applicable federal, state, and local requirements. This document has been peer-reviewed by ACT Partner Institutions and a technology-specific advisory committee, and was recommended for public release. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by ACT for use.
Assessing global earthquake risks: the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) initiative

Abstract: The Global Earthquake Model (GEM) initiative aims to develop a global model of earthquake risk as an open source, community-driven project. In order to begin this in a structured way, a number of global components that cover the scientific modules of the model have been defined, and requests for proposals have been released, inviting international consortia to bid and lead these projects. The consortia leading these global components define standards and best practice related to the methodologies used in seismic hazard and risk assessment and in particular the collection and storage of data needed therein. This chapter introduces these global components and describes an open source software and risk assessment platform, OpenQuake, that is being developed to provide access to and community interaction with the proposed data and tools.
The economics of temporal and locational flexibility of work

In recent years employees have become increasingly able to control temporal and locational aspects of their work. This temporal and locational flexibility of work (TLF) is usually implemented via a variety of arrangements, such as flexi-time, telehomework, and part-time work, which facilitate employees with flexibility in the schedule, location, and duration of their work. Many employees can choose or at least modify within certain boundaries when, where, and how long they work. Almost 50% of the employees in the European Union can influence their work schedules, 20% work part-time, and roughly 10% engage in telework. In the Netherlands almost a third of the employees works at home at least once a week even and roughly half work part-time. Despite this increasing relevance of TLF, its economic consequences have received relatively little attention in empirical research so far, particularly with respect to schedule and location flexibility. This study therefore attempts to shed some light on four relevant labour-related aspects and consequences of increased TLF for different stakeholders. We first take a look at employees and analyse the effects of TLF on the fit between working times and private life and on job satisfaction on the one hand and the impact on their career development on the other. Second we study whether TLF leads to a decrease in sickness absenteeism; something employers would also gain from. Finally we analyse whether schedule and location flexibility, assuming that they improve the combination of work and private life, leads to an increase in labour supply. Against the backdrop of an ageing society and expected labour force shortages in the future, this would be a benefit for the economy as a whole. Based on Dutch panel data, our results suggests that flexi-time increases both the fit between working time and private life as well as job satisfaction, whereas teleworking improves only job satisfaction and part-time only working-time fit. Telework may harm careers, however, since fewer promotions and employer-paid trainings are awarded to regular teleworkers. Flexi-time and telework do not increase the number of hours worked. Expectations to increase the labour supply of part-time workers with these measures as a remedy for labour force shortages are therefore not founded by our empirical evidence. Our analysis of absenteeism, based on a cross-sectional survey of Dutch public-sector employees, reveals that schedule and location flexibility decrease the frequency and length of sickness absences. Given the costs of absences, TLF can therefore be beneficial for employers as well.
One Jump Ahead: Computer Perfection at Checkers

The new edition of this extraordinary book depicts the creation of the world champion checkers computer program, Chinook. In only two years, Chinook had become a worthy opponent to the world champion, and within four years had defeated all the world's top human players. Jonathan Schaeffer, the originator and leader of the Chinook team, details the mistakes and technical problems made and the lessons learned in the continuous effort to improve Chinook's performance, revealing the human factor behind the programs design. The development of Chinook begins in 1988 as an innocent question asked over lunch and is followed to the final match against then world champion, Marion Tinsley, and ultimately to its recent triumph, solving checkers. Schaeffers unwaveringly honest narrative features new anecdotes, updated material and technology descriptions, and additional photos and figures, providing an engrossing account of an obsessive quest to achieve perfection in computer checkers.
Magnetostatic Modeling for Microfluidic Device Design

For several years, biologists have used superparamagnetic beads to facilitate biological separations. More recently, researchers have adopted this approach in microfluidic devices [1-3]. This recent development and use of superparamagnetic particles in biomedical and biological applications have resulted in a necessity for methods that enable the understanding and prediction of their properties and actions during use. Typically, such methods would involve simple experimentation prior to in vitro experimentation, animal testing, and finally clinical testing. To better understand and unleash this technology, COMSOL®, which is a finite element analysis and multiphysics simulation software, has recently been used to model superparamagnetic particles in several applications. Two COMSOL® models were created based on a magnetic trapping system consisting of a stationary permanent magnet and a microfluidics channel. The first model, known as the Particle Motion Model, simulates the movement of an individual superparamagnetic particle flowing through a fluidic channel beneath a permanent magnet by coupling the Moving Mesh Arbitrary Lagrange-Eulerian (ALE), Incompressible Navier-Stokes, Plane Strain, and Magnetostatics physics modes. The second model, which will be referred to as the Mixture Model, simulates the bulk flow of a superparamagnetic particle fluid in an identical system using the Mixture and Magnetostatics physics modes. The Mixture Model was then applied to the optimization of the design of the magnetic trapping system using a defined geometry and velocity.
Analisis Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Terhadap Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Penerimaan Nasabah Terhadap Layanan Internet Banking (Studi Empiris Terhadap Nasabah Bank Di Depok)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penerimaan nasabah terhadap layanan Internet banking dengan pendekatan Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Met ode penelitian adalah survei dengan pendekatan analisis deslcriptif Data diolah dan dianalisis dengan model statistik regresi berganda dengan menggunakan bantuan perangkat lunak SPSS versi 11.5. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa menunjukkan bahwa personalisasi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap persepsi pengguna manfaat. Hasil pengujian statistik juga menunjukkan bahwa bahwa kemampuan menggunakan komputer berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap persepsi pengguna manfaat. Basil pengujian statistik juga menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan menggunakan komputer berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kemudahan menggunakan. Hasil pengujian statistik menunjukkan bahwa kepercayaan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap persepsi pengguna manfaat. Hasil pengujian statistik juga menunjukkan bahwa kepercayaan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kemudahan menggunakan Internet banking. Hasil pengujian statistik juga menunjukkan bahwa kemudahan menggunakan internet banking berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap persepsi pengguna manfaat. Hasil pengujian statistik juga menunjukkan bahwa personalisasi, kemampuan menggunakan komputer, berpengaruh signifikan terhadap persepsi pengguna manfaat dan kepercayaan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap persepsi pengguna manfaat. hasil pengujian statistik juga menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan menggunakan komputer, berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kemudahan menggunakan Internet banking dan kepercayaan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kemudahan menggunakan Internet banking. Basil pengujian statistik juga menunjukkan bahwa personalisasi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kemudahan menggunakan Internet banking.