Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal patterns of repetitive behavior in toddlers with autism.

BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that restricted and repetitive behaviors may differentiate children who develop autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by late infancy. How these core symptoms manifest early in life, particularly among infants at high risk for the disorder, is not well characterized. METHODS Prospective, longitudinal parent-report data (Repetitive Behavior Scales-Revised) were collected for 190 high-risk toddlers and 60 low-risk controls from 12 to 24 months of age. Forty-one high-risk children were classified with ASD at age 2. Profiles of repetitive behavior were compared between groups using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Longitudinal profiles for children diagnosed with ASD differed significantly from high- and low-risk children without the disorder on all measures of repetitive behavior. High-risk toddlers without ASD were intermediate to low risk and ASD positive counterparts. Toddlers with ASD showed significantly higher rates of repetitive behavior across subtypes at the 12-month time point. Repetitive behaviors were significantly correlated with adaptive behavior and socialization scores among children with ASD at 24 months of age, but were largely unrelated to measures of general cognitive ability. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that as early as 12 months of age, a broad range of repetitive behaviors are highly elevated in children who go on to develop ASD. While some degree of repetitive behavior is elemental to typical early development, the extent of these behaviors among children who develop ASD appears highly atypical.
Serial nuclear transfer improves the developmental potential of mouse embryos cloned from oocytes matured in a protein‐free medium

Germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes matured in vitro are an alternative source for cytoplasmic recipients of nuclear transfer (NT). However, the developmental potential of oocytes matured in vitro is limited. In this study, we developed a protein‐free maturation medium for mouse GV oocytes. Following parthenogenetic activation, the oocytes matured in the protein‐free medium develop to blastocyst stage with a high efficiency, even up to the rate obtained from in vivo MII‐oocytes (90.6% vs. 92.8%). Using the oocytes matured in the protein‐free medium as the recipient, NT embryos develop to the blastocyst stage (17.6%). To further improve the developmental potential of NT embryos, we performed serial NT and compared the effect of three different activated cytoplasm samples derived from in vitro matured oocytes as the second recipient, that is, the effect of in vitro fertilized (IVF) zygote, the preactivated cytoplast and the IVF cytoplast, on the development of NT embryos. We found that when the pronucleus of NT zygote was transferred into the cytoplasm of the IVF zygote, the blastocyst formation increased to 39.4%. This is the first report to demonstrate the IVF zygote from oocytes matured in protein‐free medium can be used successfully as the recipient for serial NT to enhance the developmental potential of mouse NT embryos from oocytes matured in the protein‐free medium. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 560–567, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimating Plant Physiological State by Learning Methods Considering Imbalance and Time-series

This study considered machine learning methods for accurate estimation and prediction of imbalanced and time-series data. We used machine learning to estimate plant physiological states from environmental data with imbalance and time-series. We proposed improvement the issues of CREAMER and a learning method considering time-series. CREAMER, a resampling method that resolves imbalance, had issues in setting hyperparameters, so we selected from multiple candidates. In order to consider time-series, resampling was applied on the dimension-compressed data in 1D-CAE. By restoring this data to its original dimensions, resampling without loss of time-series was possible. As a validation of the CREAMER hyperparameters, the proposed parameters were validated by comparing with the comparison parameters. As a verification of the effectiveness of a learning method considering time-series, we confirmed that it cannot be effective by comparing it with a method not considering time-series.
[Protein expression of 5-lipoxygenase and activation and cytotoxicity of Benzidine in human bronchial epithelial cells].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of intracellular 5-lipoxygenase on oxidation of benzidine in HBE cells and to provide further evidence that lipoxygenase is an alternative pathway for the oxidation of xenobiotics mediated by cytochrome P450. METHODS Enzyme system test: Soybean lipoxygenase (SLO), substrate (benzidine) and other components reacted in the enzyme system, followed by detection of the reaction products by spectrophotometry. In vitro test: After HBE cells were exposed to benzidine, the protein levels of 5-lipoxygenase in HBE cells were assessed by Western-blot, and the DNA damage by the single cell gel electrophoresis. At last, the effect of the specific inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (AA861) on 5-lipoxygenase protein expression and DNA damage in HBE cells were detected. RESULTS SLO could catalyze the co-oxidation of benzidine to generate benzidine diimine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Under optimal condition, numax value of the oxidation of benzidine catalyzed by SLO was 1.42 nmol*min(-1) SLO, and the Km value of benzidine was 1.48 mmol/L. EGCG could inhibit the oxidation of benzidine by SLO. Benzidine could induce 5-lipoxygenase protein expression in HBE cells, but AA861 was invalid. Benzidine caused DNA damage in HBE cells, which could be significantly inhibited by AA861. CONCLUSION 5-LOX protein expression in HBE cells can be regulated by benzidine, which suggests that the co-oxidation of benzidine by 5-LOX could produce into electrophile that could covalently bind to DNA and induce DNA damage, which could be one of the mechanisms for carcinogenesis of BZD. 5-LOX inhibitor AA861 can inhibit this effect.
Difficult laryngoscopy and intubation in the Indian population: An assessment of anatomical and clinical risk factors

Background and Aim: Differences in patient characteristics due to race or ethnicity may influence the incidence of difficult airway. Our purpose was to determine the incidence of difficult laryngoscopy and intubation, as well as the anatomical features and clinical risk factors that influence them, in the Indian population. Methods: In 330 adult patients receiving general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation, airway characteristics and clinical factors were determined and their association with difficult laryngoscopy (Cormack and Lehane grade 3 and 4) was analysed. Intubation Difficulty Scale score was used to identify degree of difficult laryngoscopy. Results: The incidence of difficult laryngoscopy and intubation was 9.7% and 4.5%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that increasing age and weight, male gender, modified Mallampati class (MMC) 3 and 4 in sitting and supine positions, inter-incisor distance (IID) ≤3.5 cm, thyromental (TMD) and sternomental distance, ratio of height and TMD, short neck, limited mandibular protrusion, decreased range of neck movement, history of snoring, receding mandible and cervical spondylosis were associated with difficult laryngoscopy. Multivariate analysis identified four variables that were independently associated with difficult laryngoscopy: MMC class 3 and 4, range of neck movement <80°, IID ≤ 3.5 cm and snoring. Conclusions: We found an incidence of 9.7% and 4.5% for difficult laryngoscopy and difficult intubation, respectively, in Indian patients with apparently normal airways. MMC class 3 and 4, range of neck movement <80°, IID ≤ 3.5 cm and snoring were independently related to difficult laryngoscopy. There was a high incidence (48.5%) of minor difficulty in intubation.
Path planning using a potential field representation

An approach to two-dimensional as well as three-dimensional findpath problems that divides each problem into two steps is presented. Rough paths are found based only on topological information. This is accomplished by assigning to each obstacle an artificial potential similar to electrostatic potential to prevent the moving object from colliding with the obstacles, and then locating minimum-potential valleys. The paths defined by the minimum-potential valleys are modified to obtain an optimal collision-free path and orientations of the moving object along the path. Three algorithms are given to accomplish this second step. These three algorithms based on potential fields are nearly complete in scope, and solve a large variety of problems. <<ETX>>
The development of stable influenza vaccine powder formulations for new needle-free dosage forms

Influenza virosomes are reconstituted influenza virus envelopes that may be used as vaccines or as carrier systems for cellular delivery of therapeutic molecules. Here we present a procedure to generate influenza virosomes as a stable dry-powder formulation by freeze-drying (lyophilization) using an amorphous inulin matrix as a stabilizer. In the presence of inulin the structural integrity and fusogenic activity of virosomes were fully preserved during freeze-drying. For example, the immunological properties of the virosomes, i.e. the HA potency in vitro and the immunogenic potential in vivo, were maintained during lyophilization in the presence of inulin. In addition, compared to virosomes dispersed in buffer, inulin-formulated virosomes showed substantially prolonged preservation of the HA potency upon storage. Also the capacity of virosomes to mediate cellular delivery of macromolecules was maintained during lyophilization in the presence of inulin and upon subsequent storage. Specifically, when dispersed in buffer, virosomes with encapsulated plasmid DNA lost their transfection activity completely within 6 weeks, whereas their transfection activity was fully preserved for at least 12 weeks after incorporation in an inulin matrix. Thus, in the presence of inulin as a stabilizing agent, the shelf-life of influenza virosomes with and without encapsulated macromolecules was considerably prolonged. Formulation of influenza virosomes as a dry-powder is advantageous for storage and transport and offers the possibility to develop needle-free dosage forms e.g. for oral, nasal, pulmonal, or dermal delivery.
Intensive insulin therapy in postoperative intensive care unit patients: a decision analysis.

RATIONALE Intensive insulin therapy (IIT) may reduce mortality in mechanically ventilated postoperative patients. OBJECTIVES To assess the risks and benefits of IIT in different institutions. DESIGN Retrospective, blinded-to-outcome selection of patient cohorts from four hospitals. METHODS Selection of a cohort of patients with clinical features similar to those reported in a recent study of IIT and of all mechanically ventilated postoperative patients from each hospital. Retrieval of information on glucose control. Assessment of risks and benefits and final outcomes. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We selected 783 consecutive patients with similar clinical and demographic features to the IIT trial control group and four general cohorts for a total of 4,150 consecutive mechanically ventilated postoperative patients. In these patients, glucose levels were measured 212,663 times for a mean value of 8.22 +/- 2.7 mmol/L (148 +/- 49 mg/dl). Intensive care unit (ICU) mortality varied from 2.2 to 13.6%. The incidence of hypoglycemia (defined as < 2.2 mmol/L) varied from 1.4 to 2.7%. Assuming a beneficial effect of IIT as reported, the number needed to treat to save one life varied from 38 in one ICU to 125 in another, whereas the rate of hypoglycemia (number needed to harm) varied from 7 to 13. CONCLUSIONS The number needed to treat to prevent an ICU death and the associated risk of hypoglycemia (number needed to harm) with IIT vary widely according to baseline mortality, case mix, and case selection. Rational decision analysis in individual ICUs should take these factors into account.
Geometry-based directional model for mobile radio channels - principles and implementation

Adaptive antennas are used in mobile radio systems for improving coverage and increasing capacity. For realistic system design and simulation, channel models are required in order to assess the performance of such systems. We propose the so-called ‘geometry-based stochastic channel model’ (GSCM), which is easy to implement and has a low complexity even when the directional dimension of the channel is taken into account. In this model, we prescribe the probability density function (PDF) of the location of the scatterers. From this, the angularly resolved impulse response can be computed by a simple ray tracing. We then present various extensions of the model in urban environments, namely for diffraction losses and wave guiding by street canyons. We also discuss methods for efficiently implementing GSCM. Copyright © 2003 AEI.
ifferences in BTBR T + tf / J and C 57 BL / 6 J mice on probabilistic reversal learning nd stereotyped behaviors

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) represent a class of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, as well as restricted interests and repetitive behavior. This latter class of symptoms often includes features such as compulsive behaviors and resistance to change. The BTBR T+ tf/J mouse strain has been used as an animal model to investigate the social communication and restricted interest features in ASD. Less is known about whether this mouse strain models cognitive flexibility deficits also observed in ASD. The present experiment investigated performance of BTBR T+ tf/J and C57BL/6J on two different spatial reversal learning tests (100% accurate feedback and 80/20 probabilistic feedback), as well as marble burying and grooming behavior. BTBR T+ tf/J and C57BL/6J mice exhibited similar performance on acquisition and reversal learning with 100% accurate feedback. BTBR T+ tf/J mice were impaired in probabilistic reversal learning compared to
Resources Management of Mobile Network IEEE 802.16e WiMAX

The evolution of the world of telecommunications towards the mobile multimedia following the technological advances has demonstrated that to provide access to the network is no longer sufficient. The need for users is to access value-added multimedia services in their own home environment regardless of how they access the systems. Multimedia services require high transfer rates and have quality service requirements. They must coexist with services with real time constraints such as the voice service which does not tolerate variation of the delay between sending and receiving packets. The guarantee of these services by the operator becomes much more difficult in the technologies that take into account the mobility of the users. This paper studies the IEEE802.16e system according to the continuous modeling case. A model of the IEEE802.16e cell is proposed and allows the decomposition of the cell according to the principle of the AMC adaptive modulation and coding technique. The model is based on an admission control mechanism in the presence of two types of real-time and non-real-time traffic. The model is based on a new CAC strategy with intra-cell mobility and gives the same QoS for the calls of this traffic by favoring the calls in progress on the new arrivals.
A traceable threshold attribute-based signcryption for mHealthcare social network

With the rapid development of wireless sensor technologies, mobile healthcare social network (MHSN) built upon wireless body sensor network (WBSN), has evolved into an innovative next-generation healthcare system in our aging society. Nevertheless, it is vital to focus on the security issues and the tradeoff between privacy preserving and traceability. A novel security mechanism named as the traceable threshold attribute-based signcryption (TTABSC) can permits patients to be friends and make a proper tradeoff between privacy and traceability. The proposed scheme leverages a four-party model to prevent the leak of a patient's sensitive information, including symptom information, identity and patient's health information (PHI). Combining the digital signatures and encryption, we provide a series of performance analysis, including correctness, unforgeability, traceability and privacy. Compared with previous works, our most efficient scheme generates a constant signcryption size.
Flat-Top Beampattern Synthesis in Range and Angle Domains for Frequency Diverse Array via Second-Order Cone Programming

This letter proposes a flat-top beampattern synthesis method in range and angle domains for frequency diverse array (FDA) based on second-order cone programming (SOCP). By dividing the array into subarrays and applying each subarray with a distinguishable frequency shift, this approach explores the separated degrees of freedom in range domain and is capable of generating a two-dimensional flat-top beampattern in range and angle domains. Basically, the flat-top beampattern synthesis in range and angle domains is formulated as an SOCP problem that can be exactly and efficiently solved with inner point method. Numerical examples are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Authoritarianism and education: a comparative approach.

Previous studies of authoritarianism and education have produced a strong negative relationship. Here we examine the relationship in four societies: the United States, Finland, Costa Rica, and Mexico. As expected, in the United States, all levels of 'education' reduce authoritarianism. But in Costa Rica, 'education' reduces authoritarianism only after the eighth grade, and in Mexico, 'education' had little effect on authoritarianism. Here, we argue that education-qua-education does not necessarily reduce authoritarianism, and we hypothesize that education will reduce authoritarianism only when the educational system emphasizes cognitive rather than rote learning or is manned by non-authoritarian teachers.
Differentiating types of muscle movements using a wavelet based fuzzy clustering neural network

Abstract: The electromyographic signals observed at the surface of the skin are the sum of many small action potentials generated in the muscle fibres. After the signals are processed, they can be used as a control source of multifunction prostheses. The myoelectric signals are represented by wavelet transform model parameters. For this purpose, four different arm movements (elbow extension, elbow flexion, wrist supination and wrist pronation) are considered in studying muscle contraction. Wavelet parameters of myoelectric signals received from the muscles for these different movements were used as features to classify the electromyographic signals in a fuzzy clustering neural network classifier model. After 1000 iterations, the average recognition percentage of the test was found to be 97.67% with clustering into 10 features. The fuzzy clustering neural network programming language was developed using Pascal under Delphi.
Traumatic brain injury impairs small-world topology

Objective: We test the hypothesis that brain networks associated with cognitive function shift away from a “small-world” organization following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: We investigated 20 TBI patients and 21 age-matched controls. Resting-state functional MRI was used to study functional connectivity. Graph theoretical analysis was then applied to partial correlation matrices derived from these data. The presence of white matter damage was quantified using diffusion tensor imaging. Results: Patients showed characteristic cognitive impairments as well as evidence of damage to white matter tracts. Compared to controls, the graph analysis showed reduced overall connectivity, longer average path lengths, and reduced network efficiency. A particular impact of TBI is seen on a major network hub, the posterior cingulate cortex. Taken together, these results confirm that a network critical to cognitive function shows a shift away from small-world characteristics. Conclusions: We provide evidence that key brain networks involved in supporting cognitive function become less small-world in their organization after TBI. This is likely to be the result of diffuse white matter damage, and may be an important factor in producing cognitive impairment after TBI.
SNARE complex assembly is required for human sperm acrosome reaction.

Exocytosis of the acrosome (the acrosome reaction) is a terminal morphological alteration that sperm must undergo prior to penetration of the extracellular coat of the egg. Ca(2+) is an essential mediator of this regulated secretory event. Aided by a streptolysin-O permeabilization protocol developed in our laboratory, we have previously demonstrated requirements for Rab3A, NSF, and synaptotagmin VI in the human sperm acrosome reaction. Interestingly, Rab3A elicits an exocytotic response of comparable magnitude to that of Ca(2+). Here, we report a direct role for the SNARE complex in the acrosome reaction. First, the presence of SNARE proteins is demonstrated by Western blot. Second, the Ca(2+)-triggered acrosome reaction is inhibited by botulinum neurotoxins BoNT/A, -E, -C, and -F. Third, antibody inhibition studies show a requirement for SNAP-25, SNAP-23, syntaxins 1A, 1B, 4, and 6, and VAMP 2. Fourth, addition of bacterially expressed SNAP-25 and SNAP-23 abolishes exocytosis. Acrosome reaction elicited by Rab3-GTP is also inhibited by BoNT/A, -C, and -F. Taken together, these results demonstrate a requirement for members of all SNARE protein families in the Ca(2+)- and Rab3A-triggered acrosome reaction. Furthermore, they indicate that the onset of sperm exocytosis relies on the functional assembly of SNARE complexes.
Dynamic scattering from semiflexible polymers

We study the dynamics and dynamic scattering functions of a semiflexible polymer of persistence length 𝓁p in the limit q𝓁p ≫ 1, taking into account the inextensibility of the polymer chain and the effects of hydrodynamics. We find two distinct contributions to the scattering functions with different scaling behaviors in q2t3/4 and q2t7/8 coming from the anisotropic dynamics of the polymer. We also calculate the initial decay of the dynamic structure factor and obtain a novel t log t decay which allows us to explain recent dynamic light scattering experiments on viral particles.
Cyproterone acetate, an alternative progestogen in postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy? Effects on serum lipids and lipoproteins

Summary. Serum lipids and lipoproteins were studied in 76 healthy postmenopausal women treated for 1 year with either oestradiol valerate sequentially combined with the anti‐androgenic progestogen cyproterone acetate (CPA) or placebo. The women were examined every 3 months between days 18 and 21 of the tablet cycle, where the progestogen had been added to the oestrogen for at least 6 days. Combined oestrogen‐CPA therapy resulted in significantly reduced levels of total serum cholesterol and LDL‐cholesterol at all examinations, but serum triglycerides and HDL‐cholesterol levels were similar in the two groups. Total serum cholesterol and LDL‐cholesterol were reduced by approximately 5% (P<0.01) and 8% (P<0.01), respectively, after 1 year of combined oestrogen‐CPA therapy in comparison with both the initial values and the placebo group but serum triglycerides and HDL‐cholesterol levels were unchanged in both groups.