Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aspiration pneumonia in patients underwent head and neck surgery. A case series

espanolPatients underwent head and neck surgery might present numerous respiratory and gastrointestinal complications. The need to administrate enteral nutrition for long time periods promotes the emergence of such problems. In this line, is important to underline that these complications could be life threatening for the patients. The main aim of the present report is to examine the importance of performing a radiographic control after a NG tubes placement. We firmly believe that it represent the most reliable method to avoid respiratory complications related with NG tubes in high risk patients. EnglishLos pacientes sometidos a cirugia de cabeza y cuello pueden presentar numerosas complicaciones respiratorias y gastrointestinales. La necesidad de administrar la nutricion enteral durante largos periodos de tiempo promueve la aparicion de tales problemas. En esta linea, es importante subrayar que estas complicaciones podrian poner en peligro la vida de los pacientes. El objetivo principal del presente informe es examinar la importancia de realizar un control radiografico despues de una colocacion de tubos NG. Creemos firmemente que representa el metodo mas fiable para evitar las complicaciones respiratorias relacionadas con los tubos NG en pacientes de alto riesgo.
Foreign Investments and Institutional Convergence in South-eastern Europe

Foreign investments are in the focus of most governments around the world. In order to be able to set a policy agenda that is successful in promoting FDI, it is necessary to understand the determinants of foreign investments. This paper examines whether, and to what extent, sound institutions and the degree of regulation deter or attract FDI flows in four economies of south-eastern Europe. In a dynamic panel analysis, a broad set of institutional and regulatory variables that may affect the decision of foreign investors to undertake investment projects in this region is examined, using firm-level data. Analysis shows that the quality of the institutional environment significantly influences foreign capital. Governments in this region should, therefore, focus primarily on creating an effective legal system, having relatively stable political and economic conditions.
Anthropometric Indices in the Prediction of Hypertension in Female Adolescents

Background: Identifying the best marker for appropriate screening of risk factors of chronic diseases seems necessary in any society. Objectives: This study aimed at performing a comparative evaluation of anthropometric indices to determine a better marker for prediction of high blood pressure in adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done during 2013 on 1046 students, aged 11 to 19 year old in Kashan, who were chosen by clusterandclasssamplingmethod. Height,waistcircumference(WC),waist-to-hipratio(WHR),waist-to-highratio(WHtR),systolic bloodpressure(SBP),anddiastolicbloodpressure(DBP)of thesubjectsweremeasured. Bloodpressureof allsubjects,whohadtheir bloodpressuresmeasuredduringtheﬁrstvisit,wasmeasuredduringthesecondandthirdvisitagain,andthethreemeasuredblood pressure averages was considered as subjects’ blood pressure. Results: This study showed a signiﬁcant positive correlation between BP and body mass index (BMI), WC, WHR, and WHtR indices (P< 0.001). Receiveroperatingcharacteristiccurve(ROC)analysiswasperformed. Areaunderthecurve(AUC)wasobtainedforBMI (0.62to0.73),WC(0.67to0.76),WHR(0.57to0.67),andWHtR(0.63to0.77)indiastolicbloodpressureandBMI(0.66to0.76),WC(0.68 to 0.78), WHR (0.57 to 0.67) and WHtR (0.67 to 0.77) in systolic blood pressure. The WHtR in adolescents had better distinguishing power than other anthropometric indices. Conclusions: TheWHtR,asarelativelysimple,inexpensive,andconvenientmeasurementmethodisthebestanthropometricindex for determination of blood pressure in these subjects.
KAZAKHSTAN

The last third of the twentieth century witnessed a surge in ‘ethnic revival’, with renewed emphasis on language. The post-Soviet Central Asian republics were not an exception to this tendency. During the Soviet era, citizens of the USSR were very conscious of belonging to a particular ethnicity that was registered as a permanent classification in their official documents. At the same time, the central government attempted to cultivate a single integrative ‘Soviet identity’; the Russian language was the linguistic glue that was supposed to bind all ethnic groups together. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the former republic faced the problem of state/national identification and language became the single most important instrument in defining new independent states and nations. One of the greatest challenges to the countries’ leaders in the coming decades will be to consolidate new nations while satisfying the conflicting interests of different ethnic groups, complying with international requirements on minorities’ rights, all within the larger context of international, regional and global forces. This article aims to shed some light on the nature of language conflict in Kazakhstan and the stabilizing factors that have prevented open ethnic and language conflict. It underlines some of the challenges to language planning efforts, allowing a better understanding of the dynamics of Kazakh, Russian and other languages in Kazakhstan.
The characteristics of inpatient self harm, and the perceptions of nursing staff

Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions:  Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).  Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes.  No Derivative Works You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work.
Bronchopleural fistula: prevention is still best

In their paper, Dal Agnol and colleagues review the management of central bronchopleural fistula (BPF) following lung resections (1). BPF remains a complication much dreaded by thoracic surgeons. The diagnosis invariably evokes a sense of trepidation, and treatment presents a major therapeutic challenge. It carries a significant risk of morbidity, and mortality is reported to be between 16–72% (2,3).
‘I saw the madre’: evaluating predictions about codeswitched determiner-noun sequences using Spanish–English and Welsh–English data

Abstract Previous work on intrasentential codeswitching has noted that switches between determiners and their noun complements are frequent in both Spanish–English and Welsh–English data. Two major recent theories of codeswitching, the Matrix Language Frame model and a Minimalist Program approach, make potentially competing predictions regarding the source language of the determiner in these mixed nominal constructions. In this paper we evaluate the predictions of each theory with reference to comparable sets of Spanish–English and Welsh–English codeswitching data. Mixed nominal constructions are extracted to test the compatibility of these data with the predictions, taking into account coverage and accuracy. We find that the data are broadly consistent with each set of predictions but do not find statistically significant differences between the accuracy of the predictions of the two theories. We examine in detail the counterexamples to the predictions of each theory to see what further factors may influence codeswitching patterns between determiners and their nouns, and also discuss the differences in observed patterns in the data from each language pair.
Exchange market pressure in Turkey 1993–2004: an application of the girton–roper monetary model

In this paper, Lance Girton & Don Roper's (1977) monetary model of Exchange Market Pressure (EMP) is applied to the Turkish economy in the period of 1993–2004. The results provide strong evidence of negative relation between domestic credit and exchange market pressure (EMP) and indicate that the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (TCMB) absorbed most of the exchange market pressure by adjusting the foreign reserves.
Peaceful schools

This article is based on the presentation Anna Lubelska made at the 12th International Conference on Children’s Spirituality. Anna is Director of Spiritual England which is a not for profit organisation set up in 2009. Its aim is to promote the importance of spirituality and to help increase access to opportunities for spiritual development. Its remit covers spirituality in all faiths and no faith. Anna worked for many years in community development and services for children and families. This year she started the Peaceful Schools Movement which encourages schools to become more peaceful. For example, schools are enabled to engage creatively with their pupils to design quiet rooms and gardens, alongside undertaking activities such as the practice of mindfulness and training in conflict resolution, all within the context of a whole-school ethos of dynamic peacefulness.
Connectedness and connectedness: the dark side of spirituality – implications for education

Over the past few decades in the western world, as the concept and language of spirituality has moved out of theological and religion study disciplines to include studies in secular spheres, much of the literature identifies spirituality as a positive thing. Experiences often linked to it are positive experiences such as awe and wonder, joy and delight, tolerance and kindness, truth and honesty and so on. While this is important, I believe it is equally important to recognise that there is a dark side to spirituality. As a rule, this has not often been identified, examined or discussed. Certainly, in some circles, there is an understanding that the ‘dark night of the soul’ has relevance for religious understandings of spirituality which reveals a particular perspective that may accompany the search to unravel some of life’s mysteries and to find some meaning and purpose in the individual’s spiritual journey. However, this is often confined to religious and theological frameworks. This paper moves beyond these disciplines to examine the dark side in human spirituality. The dark side here refers to those aspects of the individual’s relationality or connectedness which do not nurture his/her well-being and which may impede his/her progress towards human flourishing. In my previous research, I have proposed that spirituality is an innate human trait that pertains to the relational dimension of Being. The expressions of spirituality, then, are expressions of connectedness that the individual has with everything other than self. In this paper, I will attempt to explore the dark side of spirituality as it may be experienced and expressed in contemporary secular life and examine the implications for educational programmes that aim to nurture the spirituality of the child and adolescent through a multisensory approach. As this is a new direction in my research, I will be reporting on work in progress.
Promoting and Enhancing Well-Being

INTRODUCTION T he menopausal transition (MT) is associated with several adverse symptoms and health effects, making it a difficult stage of life for many women (6,41,42). Although most women will gradually experience a decrease in these symptoms for a time after menopause, during this stage there is a higher incidence of diseases, such as osteoporosis and coronary heart disease, associated with menopause (27,30,42). Given that the average age of menopause is 51 years for U.S. women, and the average life expectancy for a woman is the early to mid-80s, it is notable that a third of a woman’s life is postmenopause. Furthermore, because women comprise an increasingly larger portion of the aging population, it is important for health fitness professionals to understand the health concerns associated with menopause. This article will address some of the common health concerns of the woman in menopause and how an exercise program can affect her. The evidence for beneficial effects of exercise during and after menopause has increased over the last decade, in part because of the Women’s Health Initiative (31), inclusion of women in exercise and clinical research, and the search for alternative therapies to hormone replacement therapy (HT). Much of the research on physical activity and exercise during menopause is longitudinal, but there also are some randomized controlled trials supporting exercise’s positive effects during the MT. What is clear is this: women in this life stage benefit from and respond to exercise similarly as younger women (2).
Chronicle for 2004

The information supplied by National Representatives has been supplemented from other sources. Readers are urged to send information, press releases, exhibition catalogues, etc. directly to the Chronicle Editor, Imago Mundi, 76 Ockendon Road, London N1 3NW, UK ,t.campbell@ockendon.clara. co.uk. , so that the next Chronicle is as complete as possible. Chronicle considers all information that is current or historical at its closing date. No forthcoming events are included.
Effect of Rheum emodi and its extracts on wound healing: A qualitative and quantitative histological study

In the present investigation, the efficacy of Rheum emodi and its different extracts in the healing of fullthickness skin wounds of rabbits was evaluated with a focus on qualitative and quantitative histopathological changes. 30 clinically healthy rabbits of either sex, randomly divided into 5 equal groups, of 6 animals each. In group 1, povidone iodine ointment was used, which served as a control. The animals of group 2 were treated with crude dust powder of R. emodi, group 3 with 10% ethanolic extract ointment, group 3 with 10% aqueous extract ointment, group 4 with 10% petroleum ether extract ointment of R. emodi. General anesthesia was induced using xylazine and Ketamine Hydrochloride. Two full thickness cutaneous wounds (1.5 x 1.5cm) were created on either side of dorsal spine in the thoracolumbar region. Present work suggested that Rhuem emodi and its extracts accelerate the inflammatory reaction and initiate early phase of healing. Extract treated groups showed better and faster healing than dust treated and control group.
OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAYS DISEASE Cleaning Products-Related Asthma

Epidemiologic studies have identified cleaners as an occupational group at increased risk of asthma and asthma-type respiratory symptoms. The level of increased risk in cleaners for these respiratory problems has ranged from around 1.5 to 2.5 times the background risk. Specific chemicals in cleaning products identified to cause sensitization include disinfectants (chloramine, chlorhexidine, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and hexachlorophene); amine compounds (amino alcohols, aliphatic polyamines, and the quaternary amine, benzalkonium chloride); tall oil; the fungicide tributyltin oxide; and enzymes produced by Bacillus subtilis and other additives used in detergents. The mixing of cleaning products containing bleach and acid or bleach and ammonia, which causes the production of chlorine or chloramines, as well as the use of strong irritants to clean such as hydrofluoric acid have caused reactive airways dysfunction syndrome. Further research is needed to better elucidate the respiratory disease among cleaners. Questions that need to be resolved include: How much of the respiratory symptoms in cleaners are secondary to sensitization to ingredients of certain cleaning products, how much to their irritative properties, and how much to exposure to environmental allergens such as dust mites whose immunologic effect may be heightened by certain cleaning products? In the meantime, clinicians need to be aware when evaluating patients with asthma or asthma-like symptoms that cleaning agents at work or at home may be important triggers that are either initiating or aggravating the patient’s disease.
Effects of Temperature

The effect of temperature on the force-sarcomere velocity relation (200, 250, and 300 C) and maximum velocity of sarcomere shortening (V0; range 15°-35° C) was studied in trabeculae from rat heart. Sarcomere length and V. were measured by laser diffraction techniques. Sarcomere length and sarcomere velocity, determined from each of the first-order diffraction lines, differed by less than 4%. Slack sarcomere length in the trabeculae appeared to be 1.9 ,um. Isovelocity release techniques were used to obtain sarcomere velocity and VO directly. Sarcomere velocity was measured at SL=1.9-2.0 ,um for elimination of contributions of parallel elastic force and restoring force to the external load of the sarcomeres. Peak twitch force development (F.) was maximal (Fo.max) at 250 C at [Ca2'I0= 1.5 mM. Lowering of the temperature below 250 C led to development of spontaneous sarcomere activity and depression of F. ; both responses could be prevented by the addition of 0.5 mM procaine. Increase of temperature above 250 C reduced twitch duration and F. Hill's rectangular hyperbola fitted the force-velocity data if the load during shortening was less than 70% of F0. V. appeared to be independent of the level of activation at all temperatures when F0 was maintained above 90% of Fo.max, either by an increase of [Ca2']I (to 3.0 mM) or by paired pulse stimulation. V. increased with increasing temperature; the parameter a, calculated from force-velocity relations measured at 200, 250, and 300 C, decreased with increasing temperature. The Arrhenius plot of V0 was studied in detail over a wider temperature range (15°-35° C) and in smaller temperature increments. The relation was linear between 180 and 330 C; the observed Qlo, defined as the ratio of V0 measured at temperature (T) over VO at T100 C, was 4.6. A Q1o of 4.6 for V0 is consistent with the reported temperature dependence of rat cardiac actin-activated myosin ATPase, which suggests that the same reaction step may limit the activity of the enzyme in vitro and during shortening of the cardiac sarcomeres at zero external load. (Circulation Research 1990;66:1239-1254)
Are emergency department clinical pathway interventions adequately described, and are they delivered as intended? A systematic review

Introduction The accurate reproduction of clinical interventions and the evaluation of provider adherence in research publications improve the evaluation and implementation of research findings into clinical practice. We sought to examine the proportion of clinical pathway publications in an emergency department setting that adequately reported the following: (1) the exact reproduction of the clinical pathway that was implemented in the study, (2) the adherence to and correct execution of the clinical pathway intervention, and (3) the presence of a pre-implementation education phase. Methods We performed a descriptive systematic review of the literature from 2006 to 2015 using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and CINAHL. All types of prospective trial designs were eligible. Validated clinical pathway criteria were used to identify relevant publications. Two reviewers independently collected data using a piloted data abstraction tool. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care Group Risk of Bias Tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results We identified 5947 publications, 44 of which met our inclusion criteria. The formal clinical pathway was fully reproduced in 27 (61%) publications, partially reproduced in 9 (21%), and not reproduced in 8 (18%). Only 14 (32%) studies reported whether at least one decision step was executed correctly. The presence of a pre-implementation education phase was reported in 33 (75%) studies. Conclusion The underreporting of intervention elements may present a barrier to both the evaluation and accurate replication of clinical pathway interventions. These finding may be useful for the elaboration of complex intervention reporting guidelines, improved reporting in future clinical pathway publications, and improved knowledge translation and exchange of clinical pathway interventions.
Effect of Phospholipid Methylation on β‐Adrenergic Receptors in the Normal and Hypertrophied Rat Myocardium

Abdominal aortic constriction in rats results in mild cardiac hypertrophy (20% increase in left ventricular weight compared to sham-operated controls) which is associated with increased numbers of β-adrenergic receptors (123 ±7.3 ftnol/mg protein (mean ± SE) VS. 87 ± 4.3 ftnol/mg in controls, P < 0.01) without changes in their affinities for dihydroalprenolol. In vitro synthesis of phosphatidylcholine through successive methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine by S-adenosyl-L-methionine is enhanced in the hypertrophied myocardium (0.38 ± 0.03 nmol/mg per 30 minutes vs. 0.23 ± 0.03 nmol/mg per 30 minutes in controls, P < 0.01). In both experimental groups, methyltransferase activity has a high affinity for S-adenosyl-L-methionine (Km= 6.8 μM), depends on Mg2*, is optimal around pH 9.0, and is inhibited by S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (Ki = 8.3 μM). The possible relationship between phospholipid methylation and changes in myocardial β-adrenergic receptors was studied in both normal and hypertrophied hearts. Preincubation of cardiac membranes with S-adenosyl-L-methi-onine increased the numbers of β-adrenergic receptors in proportion to the duration of incubation and the concentration of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. In both groups, S-adenosyl-homocysteine, but not 5'-AMP or L-methionine, attenuated the increase in β-adrenoreceptors. These results indicate that phos-pholipid methylation may be an important mechanism for regulation of β-adrenergic mechanisms in both normal and hypertrophied myocardium. Circ Res 47: 536-541, 1980