Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sun-shade patterns of leaf carotenoid composition in 86 species of neotropical forest plants.

A survey of photosynthetic pigments, including 86 species from 64 families, was conducted for leaves of neotropical vascular plants to study sun-shade patterns in carotenoid biosynthesis and occurrence of α-carotene (α-Car) and lutein epoxide (Lx). Under low light, leaves invested less in structural components and more in light harvesting, as manifested by low leaf dry mass per area (LMA) and enhanced mass-based accumulation of chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoids, especially lutein and neoxanthin. Under high irradiance, LMA was greater and β-carotene (β-Car) and violaxanthin-cycle pool increased on a leaf area or Chl basis. The majority of plants contained α-Car in leaves, but the α- to β-Car ratio was always low in the sun, suggesting preference for β-Car in strong light. Shade and sun leaves had similar β,ε-carotenoid contents per unit Chl, whereas sun leaves had more β,β-carotenoids than shade leaves. Accumulation of Lx in leaves was found to be widely distributed among taxa: >5 mmol mol Chl-1 in 20% of all species examined and >10 mmol mol Chl-1 in 10% of woody species. In Virola elongata (Benth.) Warb, having substantial Lx in both leaf types, the Lx cycle was operating on a daily basis although Lx restoration in the dark was delayed compared with violaxanthin restoration.
OCA Oracle Database 12c SQL Fundamentals I Exam Guide (Exam 1Z0-061)

A Complete Study System for OCA Exam 1Z0-061 Prepare for the Oracle Certified Associate Oracle Database 12c SQL Fundamentals I exam with this Oracle Press guide. Each chapter features challenging exercises, a certification summary, a two-minute drill, and a self-test to reinforce the topics presented. This authoritative resource helps you pass the exam and also serves as an essential, on-the-job reference. Get complete coverage of all OCA objectives for exam 1Z0-061, including: Data retrieval using the SQL SELECT statement Restricting and sorting data Single-row functions Using conversion functions and conditional expressions Reporting aggregated data with the group functions Displaying data from multiple tables with joins Using subqueries to solve problems Using the set operators Manipulating data with DML statements Using DDL statements to create and manage tables Electronic content includes: 150+ practice exam questions with detailed answers and explanations Score report performance assessment tool PDF copy of the book
Performance Evaluation and Dimensioning of WiMAX

This chapter tackles the challenging task of performance evaluation and dimensioning of WiMAX networks. It provides a simple analytical model which is able to take into account the eﬀects of elastic traﬃc, radio channel variations and scheduling policy. Compared to packet-level simulation based evaluations, our model instantaneously delivers the dimensioning parameters necessary for the deployment of a WiMAX network. Compared to existing analytical solutions, we derive closed-form expressions for all performance metrics. We compare the results obtained through analytical model with those of simulations. We show that our analytical model is not only accurate but also robust with respect to the modeling assumptions. Finally, the quick results produced through our analytical tool allows to carry out dimensioning analyses that otherwise require several thousands of evaluations, which would not be tractable with any simulation tool.
GEODÉSIA APLICADA À INTEGRAÇÃO DE DADOS TOPOGRÁFICOS E BATIMÉTRICOS NA CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE SUPERFÍCIES DE PRAIA

Este trabalho apresenta metodologia desenvolvida para levantamento, geração e avaliação de Modelos Digitais de Elevação (MDE) de superfícies praiais (setores emersos e submersos) de litorais arenosos a partir da integração de dados topográficos e batimétricos in situ, georreferenciados com precisão compatível aos estudos geomorfológicos da dinâmica costeira de curto prazo. A metodologia desenvolvida consiste em: a) levantamento topográfico da porção emersa da praia, pelo posicionamento relativo cinemático do GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) com apoio de um quadriciclo motorizado; b) levantamento batimétrico da porção submersa do perfil praial, apoiado por embarcação equipada com ecossonda e receptor GNSS operando em modo relativo cinemático; e, c) integração de dados de levantamentos topográficos e batimétricos para obtenção de MDE mais realista do perfil de praia. Os posicionamentos GNSS envolvidos nos levantamentos topográficos e batimétricos foram executados em relação às estações de controle da rede geodésica para a área de estudo, que fornecem referencial geodésico vinculado ao Sistema Geodésico Brasileiro (SGB), o qual é unívoco, fixo e relativamente estável no tempo. A metodologia foi aplicada para a praia de Ponta Negra, região nordeste do Brasil, caracterizada pela intensa ocupação humana e drástica erosão costeira, que oferece uma demanda motivadora para a potencialidade do procedimento proposto, relacionada à produtividade dos levantamentos e à precisão dos resultados, sem dúvida provando o progresso alcançado em comparação com os métodos clássicos de levantamento de perfis completos de praia.
New definition of the Kelvin and determination of the Boltzmann constant

The unit of temperature T, the kelvin is presently defined by the temperature of the triple point of water. Thus, the kelvin is linked to a material property. Instead, it would be advantageous to proceed in the same way as with other units: to relate the unit to a fundamental constant and fix its value. For the kelvin, the corresponding constant is the Boltzmann constant k, because temperature always appears as thermal energy kT in fundamental laws of physics. Many projects are under way to measure independently the value of the Boltzmann constant. These are acoustic gas thermometry measuring the speed of sound and dielectric-constant gas thermometry using audio-frequency capacitance bridges. Other promising methods are Dopplerbroadening thermometry and Johnson noise thermometry. The progress achieved so far and the potential of the methods by the time of the redefinition will be reviewed. Index Terms – fundamental constant, Boltzmann constant, temperature measurement, temperature scale, base units
Analytical Approach of New Random-walk Based Mobility Management Scheme in IP-based Mobile Networks

In next-generation wireless networks, provisioning of IP-based network architecture and seamless transmission services are very important issues for mobile nodes. For this reason, a mobility management mechanism to support global roaming is highly regarded. These technologies bring a broader life by using a global roaming account through the connection of multiple devices or technology to mobile users; they also provide real-time multimedia services. This paper presents a comprehensive performance analysis of fast handover for hierarchical mobile IPv6 (F-HMIPv6), hierarchical mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6), Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6), and fast Proxy Mobile IPv6 (FPMIPv6) using the fluid-flow model and random-walk model. As a result, the location update cost of the PMIPv6 and FPMIPv6 is better than that of HMIPv6 and F-HMIPv6. These results suggest that the network-based mobility management technology is superior to the hierarchical mobility management technology in the mobility environment.
A Proposed SVM for 3-level Transformer-less Dual Inverter Scheme for Grid Connected PV System

Objectives: This paper elucidates on proposed SVM for grid connected system using dual inverters to get improved output voltage and better current control with less switching loss and THD. Methods/Analysis: The system incorporates PV array, MPPT and boost converter which multiplies the output of the PV array. The split inductor used in this proposed system, which evades the treatment of the conventional transformer and the stepped output is converted into sinusoidal AC output and which gives better synchronization to ac applications. Split inductor reduces the shoot through problem, leakage current problem, reduces the defeat in the scheme and reduces the expenditure of the scheme. The proposed SVM algorithm is used as PWM controller for this dual inverter. This proposed scheme is simulated using Matlab/Simulink and the experimental outcomes are verified using the dsPIC controller. Findings: The proposed system is used for the conversion of the alternating current waveform and it eliminates the total harmonic distortion. This scheme aspires at reducing switching losses and to switching control easier than conventional system. The proposed SVM controls the capacitor balancing problems avoided by dual inverter instead of using multilevel inverter. Application/Improvement: This method provides improved output voltage and better current control compare to SPWM and conventional controllers. And Total Harmonic Distortion of the system reduces less than that of IEEE standard.
LATE QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTATION AT SITE

Ocean Drilling Program Site 1002 in the Cariaco Basin was drilled in the final two days of Leg 165 with only a short transit remaining to the final port of San Juan, Puerto Rico. Because of severe time constraints, cores from only the first of the three long replicate holes (Hole 1002C) were opened at sea for visual description, and the shipboard sampling was restricted to the biostratigraphic examination of core catchers. The limited sampling and general scarcity of biostratigraphic datums within the late Quaternary interval covered by this greatly expanded hemipelagic sequence resulted in a very poorly defined age model for Site 1002 as reported in the Leg 165 Initial Reports volume of the Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. Here, we present for the first time a new integrated stratigraphy for Site 1002 based on the standard of late Quaternary oxygen-isotope variations linked to a suite of refined biostratigraphic datums. These new data show that the sediment sequence recovered by Leg 165 in the Cariaco Basin is continuous and spans the time interval from 0 to ~580 ka, with a basal age roughly twice as old as initially suspected from the tentative shipboard identification of a single biostratigraphic datum. Lithologic subunits recognized at Site 1002 are here tied into this new stratigraphic framework, and temporal variations in major sediment components are reported. The biogenic carbonate, opal, and organic carbon contents of sediments in the Cariaco Basin tend to be high during interglacials, whereas the terrigenous contents of the sediments increase during glacials. Glacioeustatic variations in sea level are likely to exert a dominant control on these first-order variations in lithology, with glacial surface productivity and the nutrient content of waters in the Cariaco Basin affected by shoaling glacial sill depths, and glacial terrigenous inputs affected by narrowing of the inner shelf and increased proximity of direct riverine sources during sea-level lowstands.
The Sirt 1 activator , SRT 1720 , attenuates renal fibrosis by inhibiting CTGF and oxidative stress

The transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/ connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic kidney disease. Oxidative stress is also involved in TGF-β1 signalling. Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) exerts a number of pleiotropic effects, protecting against renal disease, including inhibiting fibrosis and oxidative metabolism. In this study, we investigated the role of the Sirt1 activator, SRT1720, in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis and aimed to determine whether this role depends on the inhibition of oxidative stress and the TGF-β1/CTGF pathway. Renal fibrosis was induced by UUO in CD1 mice. SRT1720 (100 mg/ kg) was administered by intraperitoneal injection for 3 days prior to UUO and this was continued for 7 days following UUO. Histological changes were examined by Masson's trichrome staining. The expression of fibrosis-related factors was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis and RT-qPCR. Apoptosis was also examined. We also examined the superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. UUO induced renal fibrosis and apoptosis and decreased Sirt1 expression. The administration of SRT1720 increased the Sirt1 levels and partially attenuated UUO-induced renal fibrosis and apoptosis. Furthermore, SRT1720 attenuated the levels of oxidative stress (it decreased the MDA levels, and increased the SOD, GPx and GSH levels), which suggests that it protected the cells against ROS-induced damage. Moreover, SRT1720 effectively inhibited the levels of TGF-β1/CTGF induced by UUO. On the whole, these findings indicate that the Sirt1 activator, SRT1720, exerts protective effects against UUO-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The mechanisms of action of SRT1720 may include, at least in part, the suppression of renal oxidative stress and the TGF-β1/CTGF signalling pathway. The Sirt1 activator may therefore be prove to be a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of fibrotic kidney disease.
Pemetrexed-loaded nanoparticles targeted to malignant pleural mesothelioma cells: an in vitro study

Purpose Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor characterized by poor prognosis. Its incidence is steadily increasing due to widespread asbestos exposure. There is still no effective therapy for MPM. Pemetrexed (Pe) is one of the few chemotherapeutic agents approved for advanced-stage disease, although the objective response to the drug is limited. The use of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as a drug delivery system promises several advantages, including specific targeting of malignant cells, with increased intracellular drug accumulation and reduced systemic toxicity, and, in the case of MPM, direct treatment administration into the pleural space. This study aims at exploring CD146 as a potential MPM cell-specific target for engineered Pe-loaded GNPs and to assess their effectiveness in inhibiting MPM cell line growth. Methods MPM cell lines and primary cultures obtained by pleural effusions from MPM patients were assayed for CD146 expression by flow cytometry. Internalization by MPM cell lines of fluorescent dye-marked GNPs decorated with a monoclonal anti CD146 coated GNPs (GNP-HC) was proven by confocal microscopy. The effects of anti CD146 coated GNPs loaded with Pe (GNP-HCPe) on MPM cell lines were evaluated by cell cycle (flow cytometry), viability (MTT test), clonogenic capacity (soft agar assay), ROS production (electric paramagnetic resonance), motility (wound healing assay), and apoptosis (flow cytometry). Results GNP-HC were selectively uptaken by MPM cells within 1 hour. MPM cell lines were blocked in the S cell cycle phase in the presence of GNP-HCPe. Both cell viability and motility were significantly affected by nanoparticle treatment compared to Pe. Apoptotic rate and ROS production were significantly higher in the presence of nanoparticles. Clonogenic capacity was completely inhibited following nanoparticle internalization. Conclusion GNP-HCPe treatment displays in vitro antineoplastic action and is more effective than Pe alone in inhibiting MPM cell line malignant phenotype. The innovative use of specifically targeted GNPs opens the perspective of local intrapleural administration to avoid normal cell toxicity and enhance chemotherapy efficacy.
Pedestrian Counting via Deep Convolutional Neural Networks In Crowded Scene

Currently pedestrian counts mainly faces two major problems in the crowd scene: expression of pedestrian’s features and perspective shade. To address this problem, we propose a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) and Ensemble Inference Network (EIN) for crowd pedestrian recognizing and counting. First, we propose a Perspective-Correct Interpolation model for extract more features in crowded scenes. Then, we design a convolution layer which contains preventing occlusion layer in the neural network. Finally to achieve lower error rates, our CNN-based method introduces Ensemble Inference Network to the training and classification processes. Experimental results show that the error rate of the proposed method is 0.28 and possess accurate recognition in pedestrian comparable performance to state-of-the-art methods in crowded scenes.
Genetic effects on white matter integrity in drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study of 17 genetic loci associated with depressive symptoms

Background A genome-wide association study using megadata identified 17 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes for major depressive disorder (MDD). These MDD susceptibility polymorphisms may affect white matter (WM) integrity. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between WM alterations and 17 SNPs in candidate genes for MDD in the first depressive episode of drug-naive MDD patients using a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) method. Methods Thirty-five drug-naive MDD patients with a first depressive episode and 47 age-and sex-matched healthy subjects underwent diffusion tensor imaging scans and genotyping. The genotype–diagnosis interactions related to WM integrity were evaluated using TBSS for the 17 SNPs. Results For the anterior thalamic radiation, cingulum, corticospinal tract, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, forceps major, and forceps minor, the genotype effect significantly differed between diagnosis groups (P<0.05, family-wise error corrected) in only one SNP, rs301806, in the arginine–glutamic acid dipeptide (RE) repeats (RERE) gene. Conclusion The RERE polymorphism was associated with WM alterations in first-episode and drug-naive MDD patients, which may be at least partially related to the manifestation of MDD. Future studies are needed to explore the gene–environment interactions with regard to individual WM integrity.
Linguistic Approach to Information Extraction and Sentiment Analysis on Twitter

Social media sites are one of the most popular destinations in todays online world. With millions of users visiting social networking sites like Facebook, YouTube, Twitter etc. every day to share social content at their disposal; from simple textual information about what they are doing at any moment of time, to opinions regarding products, people, events, movies to videos and music, these sites have become massive sources of user generated content. In this work we focus on one such social networking site Twitter, for the task of information extraction and sentiment analysis. This work presents a linguistic framework that first performs syntactic normalization of tweets on top of traditional data cleaning, extracts assertions from each tweet in the form of binary relations, and creates a contextualized knowledge base (KB). We then present a Language Model (LM) based classifier trained on a small set of manually tagged corpus, to perform sentence level sentiment analysis on the collected assertions to eventually create a KB that is backed by sentiment values. We use this approach to implement a contextualized sentiment based yes/no question answering system.
Learning to listen and look: the shift from the monitorial system of education to teacher-led lessons

ABSTRACT This article discusses the relationship between the senses, power and educational change. A case study of a significant shift in instruction methods will be used to show how educational change is related to both the senses and to power. The monitorial system of education, as developed by Bell and Lancaster in the early 19th century, was a system that facilitated the instruction of large numbers of pupils by just one teacher. Most of the instruction was conducted by pupils, older and/or more experienced children, whereas the teacher had an overarching responsibility for overlooking the “machinery” without teaching much himself. In the second half of the 19th century the method was replaced by a new method in public elementary schools. From now on teacher-led lessons came to be the norm for what mass education should look like. This momentous change meant, among other things, that the relationship between pupils and teacher was transformed as the teacher increasingly was supposed to hold lessons, whereas the pupil to a greater extent became associated with listening to and closely observing a lesson.
Data analytical stability of measuring brain activation in fMRI studies

The validity of inference based on the General Linear Model (GLM) for the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series has recently been questioned. Bootstrap procedures that partially avoid modeling assumptions may o er a welcome solution. We empirically compare two voxel-wise GLM-based bootstrap approaches: a semi-parametric approach, relying solely on a model for the expected signal; and a fully parametric bootstrap approach, requiring an additional parameterization of the temporal structure. While the fully parametric approach assumes independent whitened residuals, the semi-parametric approach relies on independent blocks of residuals. The evaluation is based on inferential properties and the potential to reproduce important data characteristics. Di erent noise structures and data-generating mechanisms for the signal are simulated. When the model for the noise and expected signal is correct, we find that the fully parametric approach works well, with respect to both inference and reproduction of data characteristics. However, in the presence of misspecification, the fully parametric approach can be improved with additional blocking. The semi-parametric approach performs worse than the (fully) parametric approach with respect to inference but achieves comparable results as the parametric approach with additional blocking with respect to image reproducibility. We demonstrate that when the expected signal is incorrect GLM-based bootstrapping can overcome the poor performance of classical (non-bootstrap) parametric inference. We illustrate both approaches on a study exploring the neural representation of object representation in the visual pathway. This chapter has been published in NeuroInformatics. Roels, S. P., Moerkerke, B. , & Loeys, T. (2015). Bootstrapping fMRI Data: Dealing with Misspecification. NeuroInformatics, 13, 337–352.