Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Innovative approach to uniform imprint of micron and submicron features

Purpose: To develop methods for uniform imprint of micron and submicron-scale features. Design/methodology/approach: The first is gas-assisted imprint technique. In use of gas to exert isotropic pressure in hot embossing, uniform embossing throughout the area is achieved. Another approach is the electromagnetic force-assisted imprinting technology, which employs the electromagnetic force to pull the magnetic stamp with submicron-scale structures into a UV-curable resist on the substrate. The liquid photopolymer is then cured by UV-irradiation at room temperature. Furthermore, the ferromagnetic UV-curable material is made of nano-Fe powder and UV-curable polymer. The micron and submicron-scale magnetic features can be fabricated. Findings: Uniform embossing throughout the area is achieved. Under the condition of 180 ̊C, 40kgf/cm2 and 90 seconds, high quality and uniformity of micro-optical components can be fabricated. For electromagnetic force-assisted imprinting technology, a large area of sub-micron pattern with a line width of 502nm and a pitch of 1um can be successfully fabricated under the condition of pressure of 1.6kgf/cm2 for 30 seconds and UV curing for 0.5 minute. Using ferromagnetic UV-curable resist, the structures can be successfully fabricated under the pressure of 0.92kgf/cm2 with the same UV-curable time. These results indicate good uniformity and controllability on both the gas-assisted hot embossing and electromagnetic force-assisted imprinting for efficient fabrication of micronor submicron-scale structures. Practical implications: The facilities have been designed, constructed and tested. The effects of processing parameters including the processing temperature, pressure, and time on the replication quality were investigated. Originality/value: There are advantages of high uniformity, low pressure and low temperature for various applications in micron and sub-micron features and other micro-optical components such as gratings and waveguides etc.
Linguistic feature development in elementary writing: Analysis of microstructure and macrostructure features in a narrative and an expository genre

The purpose of this study was to examine multiple dimensions of written language produced by eighty-nine children in grades 2, 3, and 4 in narrative and expository writing samples. Two written composition samples were collected from students exhibiting typical development in second, third, and fourth grades using one narrative and one expository writing prompt via a scripted, generated elicitation method. Additionally, participants completed groupadministered, norm-referenced measures of receptive vocabulary, word level reading, and reading comprehension. The writing samples were transcribed into Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT; Miller & Chapman, 2005), coded, and analyzed for developmental progression of linguistic elements represented by the five factors of productivity, grammatical complexity, grammatical accuracy, lexical diversity, and macrostructure. Reading comprehension scores were used as covariates in the multivariate analyses of variance. Results indicated that levels of productivity and macrostructure increased steadily with age. Across the narrative and expository samples examined, levels of productivity were highly correlated and nearly equivalent within each grade, whereas a trend was noted for levels of macrostructure in the expository genre to increase more sharply from second to third grade than in the narrative genre. There was a grade effect for grammatical complexity in the expository genre, whereas there were no significant differences between grade levels for narrative grammatical complexity. Interestingly, the second graders scored higher than the third and fourth graders on measures of grammatical complexity (especially MLTu) in their expository samples. Comparison of grammatical complexity levels across genres revealed a small, negative correlation across all three grade levels. No grade level differences were detected for grammatical accuracy and lexical diversity in either genre; although, there was a trend for fourth graders to produce a higher number of grammatical errors than second and third graders. Students in each grade performed similarly regardless of genre type on measures of grammatical accuracy and lexical diversity. Relations among measures of microstructure and macrostructure were revealed between productivity and macrostructure in both genres and between macrostructure and grammatical accuracy in the expository genre. Inter-correlations of measures within grade level are discussed. There were no significant effects of ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or gender on writing outcomes. Interestingly, trade-offs in performance on certain linguistic features appeared to occur for second and fourth graders. Results of this study suggest that variables of written microstructure and macrostructure were sensitive to grade and genre level differences, that productivity (a measure of microstructure), and macrostructure were related in both genres for all three grade levels, and
Direction of Sales Change and Asymmetric Timeliness of Earnings

Sales decreases affect earnings more than sales increases because of cost stickiness. We hypothesize that this correlated omitted variable constitutes a confounding effect in standard conservatism models. Adding sales change direction to the Basu (1997) and Khan and Watts (2009) models decreases measured conservatism significantly. We also document an interaction effect of sales change direction on conservatism that likely arises because sales decreases provide incremental information in impairment tests. We propose a Modified CScore that accounts for both effects of sales change direction, and demonstrate that it improves on the Khan-Watts CScore in accurately capturing variation in conservatism.
Relationship between High School Students' Facebook Addiction and Loneliness Status.

This study was conducted in order to analyze the relation between high school students’ Facebook addiction and loneliness levels. The study was conducted with the relational screening model. The sample of the study consists of 712 randomly selected high school students. The data was collected using the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS) to analyze the students’ Facebook tendencies and with the UCLA Loneliness Scale to analyze the students’ levels of loneliness. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistic instruments along with t-test, ANOVA test, LSD test, and Correlation Analysis. Research findings suggest that the Facebook addiction levels of the high school students in the sample are rather low. Analyses conducted regarding the gender variable indicate that there is no relationship between Facebook addiction levels and the time spent on Facebook. Findings show that students most commonly share photographs and videos. This suggests that students use Facebook as a leisure pastime. Also, analyses indicate that there is a statistical significant relationship between the time participants spend on Facebook and their Facebook addiction scores. Findings of the study suggest that both male and female students’ loneliness scores are low. In addition, the Correlation Analysis conducted to determine participants’ Facebook addiction and loneliness levels was examined and no statistical significant relationships were found. According to the findings, it can be asserted that the participants of this study are not in the risk group regarding their Facebook addiction and loneliness levels.
Emergent Systemic Simplicity (and Complexity)

Across phonology and syntax, the typological probability of one structure being present in a linguistic system often depends on other related aspects of that system. For example, voiced [g] is more probable in a language if it contains voiced [b] than if it does not, and a left-headed PP is more probable in a language that contains left-headed VPs than in one that has right-headed VPs. These dependencies can be seen as preferences for systemic simplicity, for uniform expression of laryngeal contrasts across place, and for uniform syntactic headedness. Both the systemic and the probabilistic nature of these generalizations pose deep challenges for linguistic theory. I provide an account of these and some other instances of systemic simplicity in terms of an emergent learning bias, which has a probabilistic effect on typology. Given an initial state with free variation, interacting learners with the right constraint sets tend to create systems that display systemic simplicity. I also show that the same learning theory leads to emergent complexity, in that under the right conditions, contrast spontaneously emerges from variation.
Evaluation of Nymphicidal Effect of Two Indigenous Plant Extacts on Cotton Pest, Dysdercus Cingulatus (Fab.)

Antifeeding effect varied concentrations of Adathoda vasica and Vitex negundo crude methanolic leaf extracts was evaluated against an economically important cotton pest, Dysdercus cingulatus (Fab.) (Hemiptera: Pyrrochoreidae). All the concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0%) tested effectively caused varied ranges of nymphal mortality in all instar groups. The results revealed that among two plant antifeedants, Vitex negundo caused more nymphal deaths. However, both plant extracts produced more than 50% nymphal mortality at two higher concentrations (0.8 and 1.0%). It was evident that earlier nymphal instars (II and III) were more susceptible than the late nymphal instars (IV and V) to both plant antifeedant concentrations. Presence of Alkaloids, Terpenoids and Phenolic compounds might be the reason for these activities. It is concluded that V.negundo possess both antifeedant and nymphicidal activities. It can be used for the management of sucking pests of agricultural crops.
VALIDATION TESTS OF OPEN-SOURCE PROCEDURES FOR DIGITAL CAMERA CALIBRATION AND 3D IMAGE-BASED MODELLING

Among the many open-source software solutions recently developed for the extraction of point clouds from a set of un-oriented images, the photogrammetric tools Apero and MicMac (IGN, Institut Geographique National) aim to distinguish themselves by focusing on the accuracy and the metric content of the final result. This paper firstly aims at assessing the accuracy of the simplified and automated calibration procedure offered by the IGN tools. Results obtained with this procedure were compared with those achieved with a test-range calibration approach using a pre-surveyed laboratory test-field. Both direct and a-posteriori validation tests turned out successfully showing the stability and the metric accuracy of the process, even when low textured or reflective surfaces are present in the 3D scene. Afterwards, the possibility of achieving accurate 3D models from the subsequently extracted dense point clouds is also evaluated. Three different types of sculptural elements were chosen as test-objects and “ground-truth” data were acquired with triangulation laser scanners. 3D models derived from point clouds oriented with a simplified relative procedure show a suitable metric accuracy: all comparisons delivered a standard deviation of millimeter-level. The use of Ground Control Points in the orientation phase did not improve significantly the accuracy of the final 3D model, when a small figure-like corbel was used as test-object.
Discrete-dopant-induced characteristic fluctuations in 16nm multiple-gate silicon-on-insulator devices

The impact of the number and position of discrete dopants on device characteristics is crucial in determining the behavior of nanoscale semiconductor devices. This study explores discrete-dopant-induced characteristic fluctuations in 16nm single-, double-, triple-, and (square shape) surrounding-gate silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices. Discrete dopants are statistically positioned in the three-dimensional channel region to examine associated carrier transportation characteristics, concurrently capturing “dopant concentration variation” and “dopant position fluctuation. ” An experimentally validated simulation was conducted to investigate the threshold voltage (Vth) fluctuation and the variation of the on- and off-state currents of the four explored structures. The fluctuations of Vth of the double-, triple- and surrounding-gate devices are 2.2, 3.3 and 4 times smaller, respectively, than that of planar SOI. Results of this study provide further insight into the problem of fluctuation and the mechanism of i.
A Shannon-Runge-Kutta-Gill Method for Convection-Diffusion Equations

A Shannon-Rugge-Kutta-Gill method for solving convection-diffusion equations is discussed. This approach transforms convection-diffusion equations into one-dimensional equations at collocations points, which we solve by Runge-Kutta-Gill method. A concrete example solved is used to examine the method’s feasibility.
COVER SHEET TITLE : Fathers ’ observed responsiveness towards their 12 month old infants : An Exploratory Investigation of Associations with Paternal Low Mood and Infant Development TRAINEE

Fathers in two-parent families are becoming increasingly involved in infant care, highlighting the need to understand the determinants and influence of father-infant interactions. Paternal responsiveness is a core component of positive father-infant interactions. This study investigated associations between paternal responsiveness and infant development; and paternal low mood and paternal responsiveness. Participants were a subsample of father-infant dyads (n=47) from a UK community cohort study: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. The Mellow Parenting Coding System was used to measure paternal responsiveness within a video-recorded father-infant interaction at 12 months. Infant development was assessed using the Griffiths scales at 18 months and paternal low mood was measured using the Edinburgh Post-Natal Depression Scale (EPDS) at 8 months. Linear regression analysis provided no evidence for an association between paternal responsiveness and infant development. Due to methodological limitations it is unclear whether this reflects a true null relationship. Unexpectedly, lower paternal mood (indicated by higher scores on the EPDS), was found to be associated with greater paternal responsiveness. For every standard deviation increase in EPDS score, fathers displayed approximately two additional responsiveness behaviours per minute in the observed interaction; this corresponds to a standardised effect size of 0.32 standard deviations. The mechanisms for this association are unclear, but possibilities are discussed. The finding requires replication within larger studies, but clinicians may wish to consider that fathers who achieve very low scores on measures of depressed mood may be at risk for low paternal
An Ounce of Prevention: Efforts to Displace Biofilms Using an Engineered Biofilm for Reverse Osmosis Applications

The use of an engineered biofilm to prevent undesired biofouling in membrane systems offers a novel approach to addressing a fundamental problem faced in water purification. The goal of this project was to determine the efficacy of this beneficial biofilm model when used as a treatment for established biofilms rather than as a preventative measure. The ability of the engineered strain of E. coli to displace and replace an established biofilm was investigated via 96well crystal violet assays, dead-end filtration tests, and SEM imaging. It was found that application of the beneficial strain after fouling had occurred only resulted in further fouling, and that the beneficial strain was unable to outperform the control strain when growing in a competitive environment. Future work may show that the model can be used to displace less-aggressive foulants. At present, however, the beneficial biofilm is only effective when formed in advance of fouling, and cannot be used to remove an established biofilm.
Temperature Management - The Basis for Successful Export of South African 'Fuerte' Avocados

By using a climacteric model in which the period from picking to the climacteric peak is expressed as a function of temperature and fruit maturity (moisture content), a temperature regime has been developed for the storage of 'Fuerte' avocados during export to the European markets. Temperatures are adapted throughout the season. These temperatures range from 3.5C to 7.5C. Declining temperature regimes during shipment tend to give the best results. By applying these principles, temperatures can be selected to accommodate early season fruit which is more sensitive to low temperatures than late season fruit. Optimum storage temperatures should be varied with both fruit maturity and climacteric stage. This concept was applied during commercial export by sea during the 1989 and 1990 picking seasons. Strict maintenance of the cold chain and the time/temperature relationship was found to be very important in the successful implementation of the system. In contrast with previous seasons, application of the system resulted in improved quality with regard to fruit firmness and reduction of external cold damage. Under commercial conditions, when deviations occurred from the recommended temperature, a significant correlation was found between the extent of the deviation and the incidence of either external cold damage or of soft fruit. When packing and transport procedures reduced the total export period from 28 to 22 days, fewer temperature-related quality problems were experienced. The South African avocado industry is largely dependent on the European markets and relies on sea export for a large part of its sales. Long distances must be covered in this process. Consistent high quality is of vital importance. Soft fruit and cold damage are potential threats to the avocado industry from a quality point of view. Low storage temperature is the major commercial method used to prolong the shelf life of South African export avocados. Successful cold storage is dependent on knowledge and understanding of the physiology of the fruit, the physical principles and mechanism of cold storage and effective post-harvest management. The time temperature relationship is the most important determining factor of fruit quality. In contrast with previous seasons, application of a system of temperature management during the 1989 and 1990 harvesting seasons resulted in improved quality with regard to fruit firmness and reduction of external cold damage.
Identifying Common Behavioural Traits of Lone-Wolves in Recent Terrorist Attacks in Europe

This article attempts to analyse behavioural traits of lone-wolves who struck and killed innocents in six different attacks in Europe in last nine months. The main objective of this study is to develop a profiling template in order to capture commonality of characteristics of these attackers. This study tries to understand the homogeneity of lone-wolves in terms of their social background and state of mind. The commonality among them can possibly be used to build a profiling template that could help detecting vulnerable persons who are prone to be self-radicalised or radicalised by someone else. The result of this study provides us an understanding of their commonality in terms of their state of mind and social characteristics. Keywords—Behavioral pattern, terrorism, profiling, commonality.
Effect of artificial and natural sweeteners on glucose and insulin in plasma of rats

Introduction: The role of artificial sweeteners in body-weight regulation is still unclear. Replacing sugar with low-calorie sweeteners is a common strategy for facilitating weight control. Whether using artificial sweeteners may augment positive energy balance through increased food intake was investigated. The effects of sweet taste and its sources (carbohydrate and non-caloric sweeteners) on diet growth efficiency, fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin plasma concentrations
Full-quantum simulation of hole transport and band-to-band tunneling in nanowires using the k⋅p method

We have developed a three-dimensional, self-consistent full-quantum transport simulator for nanowire field effect transistors based on the eight-band k⋅p method. We have constructed the mode-space Hamiltonian via a unitary transformation from the Hamiltonian discretized in the k-space, and reduced its size significantly by selecting only the modes that contribute to the transport. We have also devised an approximate but highly accurate method to solve the cross-sectional eigenvalue problems, thereby overcoming the numerical bottleneck of the mode-space approach. We have therefore been able to develop a highly efficient device simulator. We demonstrate the capability of our simulator by calculating the hole transport in a p-type Si nanowire field effect transistor and the band-to-band tunneling current in a InAs nanowire tunnel field effect transistor.
Supplier Short Term Load Forecasting Using Support Vector Regression and Exogenous Input

Supplier Short Term Load Forecasting Using Support Vector Regression and Exogenous Input In power systems, task of load forecasting is important for keeping equilibrium between production and consumption. With liberalization of electricity markets, task of load forecasting changed because each market participant has to forecast their own load. Consumption of end-consumers is stochastic in nature. Due to competition, suppliers are not in a position to transfer their costs to end-consumers; therefore it is essential to keep forecasting error as low as possible. Numerous papers are investigating load forecasting from the perspective of the grid or production planning. We research forecasting models from the perspective of a supplier. In this paper, we investigate different combinations of exogenous input on the simulated supplier loads and show that using points of delivery as a feature for Support Vector Regression leads to lower forecasting error, while adding customer number in different datasets does the opposite.
Local Market Structure and Bank Competition: evidence from the Brazilian auto loan market

Asymmetric information and transportation costs incurred by borrowers may raise spatial price discrimination in bank lending. This paper exploits the large geographic dispersion in the market structure of the Brazilian banking sector to investigate the relationship between market concentration and bank competition. Local markets are also distinguished by the degree of barrier to entry in order to assess its effect on bank competitive behavior. The findings indicate a negative correlation between market concentration and bank competition and an even stronger effect in locations where the barriers to entry are higher. The paper also highlights the importance of evaluating the geographic impact of mergers and acquisitions for the analysis of the effect of market concentration on bank competition.
Superhydrophobicity, Learn from the Lotus Leaf

As early as the eleventh century, the Song dynasty of China, one scholar named Zhou Dunyi (1017–1073), had planted the lotus all over the poll in his home and wrote an article named Ode to A Lotus Flower. From then on, in the East Asian countries and regions, especially the ancient China, the lotus flower and its leaves are frequently compared to one’s noble spirit and purity because of “live in the silt but not sullied”. Zhou Dunyi was thus memorized by this ode and the sentence “live in the silt but not sullied” was also came down to people today from that time.