Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Origins Space Telescope: Predictions for far-IR spectroscopic surveys

Abstract We illustrate the extraordinary potential of the (far-IR) Origins Survey Spectrometer (OSS) on board the Origins Space Telescope (OST) to address a variety of open issues on the co-evolution of galaxies and AGNs. We present predictions for blind surveys, each of 1000 h, with different mapped areas (a shallow survey covering an area of 10 deg2 and a deep survey of 1 deg2) and two different concepts of the OST/OSS: with a 5.9 m telescope (Concept 2, our reference configuration) and with a 9.1 m telescope (Concept 1, previous configuration). In 1 000 h, surveys with the reference concept will detect from ∼1.9×106 to ∼8.7×106 lines from ∼4.8×105 to 2.7×106 star-forming galaxies and from ∼1.4×104 to ∼3.8×104 lines from ∼1.3×104 to 3.5×104 AGNs. The shallow survey will detect substantially more sources than the deep one; the advantage of the latter in pushing detections to lower luminosities/higher redshifts turns out to be quite limited. The OST/OSS will reach, in the same observing time, line fluxes more than one order of magnitude fainter than the SPICA/SMI and will cover a much broader redshift range. In particular it will detect tens of thousands of galaxies at z ≥ 5, beyond the reach of that instrument. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons lines are potentially bright enough to allow the detection of hundreds of thousands of star-forming galaxies up to z ∼ 8.5, i.e. all the way through the reionisation epoch. The proposed surveys will allow us to explore the galaxy–AGN co-evolution up to z ∼ 5.5−6 with very good statistics. OST Concept 1 does not offer significant advantages for the scientific goals presented here.
Forecasts for warm dark matter from photometric galaxy surveys

We present a Fisher matrix forecast for the sensitivity on the mass of a thermal warm dark matter (WDM) particle from current (DES-like) and future (LSST-like) photometric galaxy surveys using the galaxy angular power spectrum. We model the nonlinear clustering using a a modified Halo Model proposed to account for WDM effects. We estimate that from this observable alone a lower bound of $m_{\text{wdm}}>647\,$eV ($m_{\text{wdm}}>126\,$eV) for the LSST (DES) case could be obtained.
Implementing new technologies for complex care: The role of embeddedness factors in team learning

textabstractBearing the rising health care costs of our aging global population is one of the most urgent challenges society is facing. We study the implementation of new medical technologies as one way to increase the effectiveness of care, particularly in the area of aortic disease—a condition that affects an increasing number of patients globally. Our research focus is the implementation of complex endovascular treatment techniques by a multidisciplinary aortic treatment group, in addition to their traditional open treatment of aortic disease. We find that relational and cognitive embeddedness factors support team learning, which in t
Effect of Financing Costs and Constraints on Real Investments: The Case of Inventories

This paper studies the effects of bank credit availability, trade credit and the capital cost on inventory decisions. There are two competing theories on the effect of bank credit lines on investments. While one (Lins et al. 2010) suggests that the primary role played by undrawn credit is to finance new opportunities, the other (Acharya et al. 2014) suggests that undrawn credit serves primarily as a bank monitored liquidity insurance. We attempt to resolve these two conflict views in the context of inventory investments. Using empirical data, we show that the primary role of undrawn credit depends on the individual firm’s financial status. When a firm is financially constrained, its inventory decisions are linked to the additional bank credit available to the firm—echoing the insurance nature of bank credits. On the other hand, when a firm is financially healthy, two other inventory financing factors play more significant roles than undrawn credits. For financially healthy firms, inventory investments are significantly negatively related to the financial cost of inventory and positively related to the credit offered by suppliers. Additionally, we study the financial crisis of 2007–2008 as a systematic shock in the credit market to identify the effects of a firm’s financial credits. We show that during the financial crisis, the inventory turnover and working capital levels of US retailers were related to the availability of bank credit. However, immediately after the crisis, the evidence demonstrates the positive relationship between firms’ inventory level and the trade credit they are offered.
Application of Weighted Fuzzy Petric Net in Fault Diagnosis of the Electric Network

A fuzzy petri net is taken as a basic tool.On the basis of the basic structure and concept of studying fuzzy petri net,an electric network fault diagnosis algorithm based on weighted fuzzy petri net rule reasoning is proposed.First,a classical example system is taken to build weighted fuzzy petri net model of every component.Then the arithmetic is used to make logical verification and simulation.The simulation result shows that the arithmetic is feasibility and validity in network fault diagnosis.Finally,fault probabilities is provided to researchers for futher diagnosises.
Spatially resolved origin of millimeter-wave linear polarization in the nuclear region of 3C 84

We report results from a deep polarization imaging of the nearby radio galaxy 3C 84 (NGC 1275). The source was observed with the Global Millimeter VLBI Array (GMVA) at 86 GHz at an ultrahigh angular resolution of 50 μas (corresponding to ∼200Rs). We also add complementary multiwavelength data from the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA; 15 and 43 GHz) and from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA; 97.5, 233.0 and 343.5 GHz). At 86 GHz, we measured a fractional linear polarization of ∼2% in the VLBI core region. The polarization morphology suggests that the emission is associated with an underlying limb-brightened jet. The fractional linear polarization is lower at 43 and 15 GHz (∼0.3−0.7% and <0.1%, respectively). This suggests an increasing linear polarization degree toward shorter wavelengths on VLBI scales. We also obtain a large rotation measure (RM) of ∼105–6 rad m2 in the core at ≳43 GHz. Moreover, the VLBA 43 GHz observations show a variable RM in the VLBI core region during a small flare in 2015. Faraday depolarization and Faraday conversion in an inhomogeneous and mildly relativistic plasma could explain the observed linear polarization characteristics and the previously measured frequency dependence of the circular polarization. Our Faraday depolarization modeling suggests that the RM most likely originates from an external screen with a highly uniform RM distribution. To explain the large RM value, the uniform RM distribution and the RM variability, we suggest that the Faraday rotation is caused by a boundary layer in a transversely stratified jet. Based on the RM and the synchrotron spectrum of the core, we provide an estimate for the magnetic field strength and the electron density of the jet plasma.
New synthesis of bayesian network classifiers and cardiac spect image interpretation

A new family of Bayesian network classifiers is introduced and demonstrated to outperform existing classifiers. Of particular interest is use of these classifiers for interpretation of cardiac SPECT images. High classification performance on databases from a variety of other domains is also demonstrated. Cardiac SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) is a diagnostic technique used by physicians for assessing the perfusion of the heart's left ventricle. A physician reaches the diagnosis by comparing SPECT images taken from a patient at rest and at maximum stress. Interpretation of images by strictly visual techniques is burdened with error and inconsistency. Thus, assistance in quantifying and automating the diagnosis is sought. An important issue in automating the diagnosis is classification of left ventricle perfusion into a number of predetermined categories. The goal of this dissertation is to investigate the use of Bayesian methods for construction of classifiers that would assist in interpretation of cardiac SPECT images. These images and their descriptions are characterized by a significant amount of uncertainty. Bayesian methods build models by approximating the probability distribution of the variables in the problem domain; they are naturally well suited to deal with uncertainty. This research consisted of three main parts. (1) Data warehousing—assembling cardiac SPECT images and patient records into an easily accessible database and creating software manipulation of SPECT images. (2) Three-dimensional image processing—implementation of custom algorithms for extraction of features from SPECT images. (3) Learning Bayesian network classifiers—research of novel machine learning algorithms that use Bayesian techniques for creation of robust classifiers. The main contribution of this work is creation of a new family of Bayesian network classifier—their high performance classifying left ventricular perfusion is demonstrated. Additionally, it is shown that they outperform existing Bayesian network classifiers and machine learning algorithm C4.5 using data from University of California at Irvine Repository of Machine Learning Databases. Among other contributions is a method for automated extraction of features from cardiac SPECT images based on the creation of models of normal left ventricles, software for visualization of cardiac SPECT images, automated feature extraction, and creation of Bayesian network classifiers.
Negative Denominators in Index Variables: The Vulnerability of Return on Equity, Debt to Equity, and Other Ratios

This paper highlights construct validity issues that can occur when researchers utilize index variables (commonly referred to as ratios) in which the denominator can become negative. These indexes are commonly used in management research, and we demonstrate that indexes constructed from data which includes negative values for the denominator lose their ordinal properties and can be difficult, if not impossible, to interpret. Further, we show that common empirical practices to resolve these issues do not solve issues of ordinality and interpretability and may lead to additional validity issues. We recommend the use of alternate measures not affected by the issues described in this article to increase the validity of future organizational research.
Digital Design Using VHDL: A Systems Approach

This introductory textbook provides students with a system-level perspective and the tools they need to understand, analyze and design digital systems. Going beyond the design of simple combinational and sequential modules, it shows how such modules are used to build complete systems, reflecting real-world digital design. All the essential topics are covered, including design and analysis of combinational and sequential modules, as well as system timing and synchronization. It also teaches how to write VHDL-2008 HDL in a productive and maintainable style that enables CAD tools to do much of the tedious work. A complete introduction to digital design is given through clear explanations, extensive examples and online VHDL files. The teaching package is completed with lecture slides, labs and a solutions manual for instructors. Assuming no previous digital knowledge, this textbook is ideal for undergraduate digital design courses that will prepare students for modern digital practice.
Efficient Ray Tracing Architectures

This dissertation presents computer architecture designs that are efficient for ray tracing based rendering algorithms. The primary observation is that ray tracing maps better to independent thread issue hardware designs than it does to dependent thread and data designs used in most commercial architectures. While the independent thread issue causes extra overhead in the fetch and issue parts of the pipeline, the number of computation resources required can be reduced through the sharing of less frequently used execution units. Furthermore, since all the threads run a single program on multiple data (SPMD), thread processors can share instruction and data caches. Ray tracing needs read-only access to the scene data during each frame, so caches can be optimized for reading, and traditional cache coherence protocols are unnecessary for maintaining coherent memory access. The resultant image exists as a write only frame buffer, allowing memory writes to avoid the cache entirely, preventing cache pollution and increasing the performance of smaller caches. Commercial real-time rendering systems lean heavily on high-performance graphics processing units (GPU) that use the rasterization and z-buffer algorithms for rendering. A single pass of rasterization throws out much of the global scene information by streaming the surface data that a ray tracer keeps resident in memory. As a result, ray tracing is more naturally able to support rendering effects involving global information, such as shadows, reflections, refractions and camera lens effects. Rasterization has a time complexity of approximately O(Nlog(P )) where N is the number of primitive polygons and P is the number of pixels in the image. Ray tracing, in contrast, has a time complexity of O(Plog(N)) making ray tracing scale better to large scenes with many primitive polygons, allowing for increased surface detail. Finally, once the number of pixels reaches its limit, ray tracing should exceed the performance of rasterization by allowing the number of objects to increase with less of a penalty on performance.
Trade liberalization and productivity of Indian manufacturing firms

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of India’s trade liberalization during the late 1990s and 2000s on productivity of manufacturing firms and verify whether the productivity-enhancing impact of reductions in input tariffs was greater than that of output tariff cuts, as found in some earlier studies. Design/methodology/approach Firm-level (company-level) data drawn from Prowess database are used for the estimation of total factor productivity (TFP) at the firm level, done by using the Levinsohn–Petrin methodology. Econometric models are estimated to explain firm-level TFP. The explanatory variables used are output and input tariff rates and quantitative restrictions on imports at the industry level and firm characteristics such as firm size, export intensity and import intensity. Firm-level panel data for 2002-2010 or for a longer period 1998-2010 are used for the estimation of econometric models. Model estimation is done by applying the fixed-effects model and IV-2SLS, 3SLS estimators and EC2SLS estimators. Findings Trade liberalization had a significant positive effect on the productivity of Indian manufacturing firms. The lowering of output tariff had a greater beneficial impact on TFP of Indian manufacturing firms than the lowering of tariff on intermediate inputs. Originality/value Good deal of care has been taken in the measurement of output and inputs for the purpose of TFP measurement. Two alternative frameworks, gross output and value added, are used. This helps in making a better estimate of the impact of trade liberalization on TFP.
“Warriors don’t sleep til noon”: colonial rhetoric and the framing of Indigenous recipients of welfare in Canadian print news, 1990–2015

ABSTRACT This article explores the media framing of Indigenous peoples as recipients of welfare in eight English-language Canadian major dailies from January 1, 1990 to December 31, 2015. Using automated coding and cluster analyses to uncover core topics in the coverage, this research asks: (1) What are the central themes or frames in articles pertaining to Indigenous recipients of social assistance? (2) Does the use or frequency of these frames change over the selected timeline or between the different newspapers under study? (3) How does the coverage of Indigenous peoples as recipients of welfare contribute to larger connotations regarding Indigenous self-governance? This analysis finds that news stories predominantly focus on unemployment rates among Indigenous communities, as well as Indigenous peoples’ experiences with the criminal justice system and supposed dependence on welfare. The coverage of Indigenous recipients represents a colonial narrative that relies on harmful stereotypes and does not reflect the colonial roots of many socio-economic problems facing Indigenous communities today. Effectively, this paper argues that the coverage of Indigenous recipients of welfare both overtly and covertly undermines support for Indigenous sovereignty by depicting Indigenous peoples and their leaders as “unprepared” to manage their own affairs.
Aging The Social Context

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New OFDM schemes based on orthogonal transforms for mobile communications systems

In this thesis, two new orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are presented. The first scheme proposes a new OFDM system transceiver based on the C-transform, which is termed C-OFDM. Over multipath channels, the C-OFDM achieves 10 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain at 10−4 bit-error-rate (BER), in comparison to the OFDM that based on the is discrete cosine transform (DCT-OFDM) and the conventional OFDM schemes. It also reduces the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the OFDM signal by about 1 dB and in some cases up to 3 dB. In the second scheme, a new fast, orthogonal X-transform is produced. The proposed X-transform is then used in a new OFDM named X-OFDM to greatly reduce the complexity, the PAPR and the BER. The proposed scheme achieves around 15 dB SNR gain in comparison to the conventional OFDM at 10−4 BER and reduces the average PAPR (over 10 OFDM symbol) by about 6 dB for N =1024 subcarriers. Furthermore, in this study, the X-transform is utilized to produce a new Alamouti space-time OFDM (ST-OFDM). The proposed ST-X-OFDM scheme reduces the transmitter complexity and achieves important SNR gain over the conventional ST-OFDM systems. The BER performance of the proposed schemes in the presence of solid-state power amplifiers (SSPAs) is also investigated analytically and by simulation. It shows that the X-OFDM is resilient to the SSPAs nonlinear distortion whereas the C-OFDM may lead to BER impairment in the presence of the SSPA. Furthermore, a coding technique to mitigate the sensitivity of the COFDM scheme to the SSPA is also proposed in this study. In this research, mathematical models for the proposed C-OFDM, XOFDM and ST-X-OFDM, which tightly match the simulation results over a diverse range of transmission scenarios and mapping schemes, are also derived. In addition, the BER performance of the proposed COFDM and X-OFDM schemes in the presence of the carrier frequency offset (CFO), with and without frequency synchronization algorithm, are also investigated. The proposed C-OFDM and X-OFDM schemes are more sensitive to the CFO than the conventional schemes. However, when frequency synchronization algorithm is used, both the proposed schemes retain their significant BER improvement in comparison to the conventional schemes.
Organizing Theoretical Framework: A Consolidated Communication-Human Information Processing (C-HIP) Model

Much of this book is organized around a sequential or stage model of the warning process that incorporates aspects of two existing models: the communication and the human information processing frameworks. Processing begins with the presence of warning (or other) information. From communication theory, the model takes the concepts of source, channel, and receiver. From information processing theory, the model decomposes the receiver component into the stages of attention, comprehension, attitudes and beliefs, motivation, and behavior. The receiver must notice the information and understand it. The message must be consistent with the person's attitudes and beliefs, or sufficiently persuasive to change them and to motivate the person to carry out the directed behavior (i.e., comply with the warning). This model is useful in (a) organizing the substantial amount of warning-related research that has been generated in the last 15 or so years, and (b) pinpointing the reason or reasons why a specific warning failed to produce adequate levels of behavioral compliance. Although earlier models describe the infonnation processing stages as an invariant linear sequence, this chapter puts forth the proposition that later stages can influence earlier stages through feedback loops, and that in some instances entire stages can be skipped.
Adaptive stationary consensus protocol for a class of high‐order nonlinear multiagent systems with jointly connected topologies

The leaderless consensus problem in a class of dynamic agents with high‐order input‐affine nonlinear models is studied. Based on communication of position information among the agents, an adaptive protocol is proposed that guarantees achieving consensus in the network in the presence of unknown parameters in the agents models. The network topology is considered undirected, which may not be connected constantly. Hence, by invoking the Cauchy convergence criterion, sufficient conditions to achieve consensus in the presence of jointly connected switching topologies are obtained. A numerical example for a team of single‐link flexible joint manipulators with forth‐order nonlinear models is provided to confirm the accuracy of the proposed consensus protocol. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maintenance Scheduling Using Systems Engineering Integration

Maintenance scheduling for the United States Air Force F‐15D Fighting Falcon aircraft is mapped through a general loss function and weighted by the operational and maintenance costs incurred by maintenance organizations. Scheduling of maintenance work is found to correlate with simple functions that are then mapped to an adaptive loss function. A new technique is proposed for scheduling maintenance personnel based on the minimum economic losses to program and functional managers in a matrix organization.
Application of Artificial Bee Colony Algorithms to Antenna Design Problems for RFID Applications

In this chapter, the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm and its variants are presented and applied to spiral antennas design for RFID tag application at the UHF band. The ABC variants include the Improved ABC (I-ABC), which is an improved version of the original ABC algorithm. The I-ABC introduces the best-so-far solution, inertia weight and acceleration coefficients to modify the search process. Furthermore, another ABC variant is the Gbest ABC (ABC), which includes global best (gbest) solution information into the search equation to improve the exploitation. These algorithms are applied to antenna design where the optimization goals are antenna size minimization, gain maximization, and conjugate matching. The algorithms performance is compared with other popular evolutionary algorithms. The optimization results produced show that the ABC family of algorithms is a powerful tool that can be efficiently applied to antenna design problems.