Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early season detection and mapping of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidae infected kiwifruit (Actinidia sp.) orchards

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is an emerging disease of kiwifruit (Actinidia sp.). It has the potential to cause considerable production losses; therefore the ability to monitor and map the disease is important for industry-wide disease management. Using industry-collected infection data and an archived time-series of high-resolution satellite imagery, Psa disease monitoring in kiwifruit orchards was attempted for the 2010–11 growing season in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. Multiple vegetation indices were generated from imagery and a binomial logistic regression used to relate these vegetation indices to the Psa disease response. Results showed that the early season (2 October) photosynthetic vigour ratio was the most effective for differentiating infected and non-infected orchards. Omission and commission errors were observed, but were in part due to issues with data quality. The results were encouraging for the potential timely use of satellite imagery for monitoring and mapping Psa infections in kiwifruit.
Selection of Some Bacteriophage and Lysozyme-Resistant Variants of Lactobacillus helveticus CNRZ 892

Abstract Different strains of Lactobacillus helveticus were tested for lysozyme resistance, and one out of three ( L. helveticus CNRZ 892) showed a concomitant resistance to homologous phage 832-B1 (lysozyme-resistant, Φ 832-B 1-resistant). The mechanism of phage resistance acquisition seemed to be related to a decreased phage adsorption as well as to a sharp decrease in plaque-forming ability (less than 10 –8 ). Some lysozyme-resistant and Φ 832-B1-resistant derivatives of strain CNRZ 892 lost the ability to ferment galactose and trehalose and showed loss and rearrangement of plasmids. Chemical treatments of L. helveticus CNRZ 892 and some phage-resistant derivatives showed that the accessibility of the phage receptor present in the cell wall of some mutants may be masked by a surface component that was absent in the original strain. The results suggested the possibility of using lysozyme as a selective agent to isolate phage-resistant derivatives from a population of L. helveticus CNRZ 892 sensitive to both lysozyme and bacteriophage.
Double Protection of the Heterocyclic Base of Xanthosine and 2′-Deoxyxanthosine

Abstract Reaction of O-protected xanthosines with p-nitrophenyl ethanol under Mitsunobu conditions yields the doubly alkylated O2,O6- and N1-,O2-derivatives. Deoxyxanthosine protected on both oxygens with a 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-ethyl group was synthesized starting from deoxyguanosine. Both protecting groups can be eliminated with DBU in pyridine.
Pasture production from a long-term fertiliser trial under irrigation

Abstract New Zealand pastoral farming has benefited greatly from the application of phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) fertilisers supplied in the main by superphosphate (SSP). The long-term fertiliser trial at Winchmore, mid-Canterbury, New Zealand was set up in 1952 and has yielded a wealth of data on the effect of fertiliser, grazing by sheep and flood irrigation on pasture production. The trial was initially (1952–1958) designed to measure the effect of no fertiliser and SSP applied each year at 188, 376 and 564 kg ha−1. From 1958 to 1980, SSP applications were stopped to the 564 and one half of the 376 kg SSP y−1. The cessation of fertiliser decreased clover content and increased the proportion of weeds and low-fertility grasses. The decline in production once fertiliser application ceased followed a curvilinear pattern, but never reached the low production of the no fertiliser treatments even after 20 years. In 1980, the residual treatments were changed to compare a reactive phosphate rock (RPR)/S treatment as well as an intermediate (250 kg ha−1) rate of superphosphate. The 0, 188 and 376 kg SSP ha−1 have now been unchanged for 60 years, while the 250 kg SSP or equivalent in RPR/elemental S have remained unchanged for 30 years. The 188 and 250 kg SSP ha−1 y−1 treatments have shown that without any nitrogen fertiliser, ryegrass and clover will persist in irrigated pastures and result in high levels of pasture production (11–12 t ha−1) for up to 60 years.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CONDITIONS SURROUNDING THE DIURNAL VERTICAL MIGRATION OF CRYPTOMONAS SPP. (CRYPTOPHYCEAE) IN A SEASONALLY STRATIFIED MIDWESTERN RESERVIOR (USA)

Cross Reservoir, a small mesotrophic reservoir located at the University of Kansas Ecological Reserves (Kansas, USA), contained a dense metalimnetic community of algae and photosynthetic bacteria between early July and late October 1997–1999. Within this community, various Cryptomonas species, primarily C. erosa (Ehrenberg), C. erosa var. reflexa (Marsson), and C. rostratisformis (Skuja), diurnally migrated as indicated by in situ fluorescence monitoring and direct phytoplankton enumeration. The Cryptomonas spp. typically resided near the oxic–anoxic boundary of the water column; however, they actively migrated upward during the day and descended to lower anoxic locations at night, apparently responding to diurnal changes in their local habitat. Their nocturnal environment had moderate levels of sulfide, elevated secondary nutrients, and a community of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria, whereas their daytime environment had higher light, lower nutrients, and no local photosynthetic bacteria. Monitoring indicated that the Cryptomonas spp. migration was generally linked to daily variations in absolute light intensity (e.g. sunny vs. cloudy days) and the level of other potentially growth‐limiting resources, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. However, further analyses showed that the primary factor that determined whether the Cryptomonas spp. migrated or not on a given day was the slope of the light gradient immediately above the Cryptomonas spp. peak.
Antibacterial and antifungal properties of the methanol extract from the stem of Argyreia argentea

Antibacterial properties of methanol extract of Argyreia argentea stem was studied on Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria by disc diffusion method. The extract showed zone of inhibition against Gram positive bacteria ( Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, B. megaterium and Staphylococcus aureus ) and Gram negative bacteria [ E. Coli, Salmonella typhae, S. paratyphae, Pseudomonous sp. (I), Pseudomonous sp. (II) and Shigella sonnei ]. In addition, the extract was found effective against some fungi like Aspergillus flavous, Fusarium equiseti, Altenaria alternate, Aspergillus niger, Colletotrichum corphori .
Recovery Potential Assessment for Lake Sturgeon in Canadian Designatable Units

Abstract Significant declines in the abundance of lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens across most of its North American range have led to abundances less than 10% of estimated minimum sustainable population sizes and, in some locations, less than 1% of historic abundances. These precipitous declines in abundance have resulted in most lake sturgeon populations being considered a conservation concern and have prompted management actions toward recovery. Here we present modeling in support of a recovery potential assessment, using stage-structured matrix models and population viability analysis to quantitatively assess allowable harm, recovery efforts, probabilities of recovery, and recovery time frames. From this assessment, we conclude that lake sturgeon populations are most sensitive to harm on adult survival and that some designatable units are highly sensitive to any level of harm. However, the scope for recovering lake sturgeon by improving adult survival is limited; instead, larger proportional increas.
Lasiurus ebenus, a new vespertilionid bat from southeastern Brasil

Lasiurus ebenus, une nouvelle chauve-souris de la famille des Vespertilionides, a ete decouverte dans la foret atlantique au sud-est du Bresil. Elle appartient au groupe borealis, et est differente surtout par sa couleur noire, alors que les autres especes sont rougeâtres
Financial Time Series Forecasting using Back Propagation Neural Network and Deep Learning Architecture

: Artificial neural network is widely used for time series data which have got impact in today’s economy with advancement of new artificial techniques. In this study we have used three time series data i.e.BSE30 stock data, INR/USD Foreign Exchange (FX) data and Crude Oil Data for prediction. Many linear and non linear models have been developed for these time series prediction. Our approach in this work is to comprise a robust predictive model for next day ahead prediction. In this paper we have done comparative study of traditional artificial neural network: Error Back Propagation Network (EBPN) and Deep Neural Network: Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) for financial time series prediction. It has been observed that Deep Neural Network is outperforming the traditional Neural Network EBPN. The performances of models are measured by error measures: Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE).
A Redescription of Riggia paranensis Szidat, 1948 (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) Based on Thirty-two Specimens from Curimatid Fish of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with an Emendation of the Genus

Riggia paranensis Szidat, 1948 is redescribed on the basis of 30 female and 2 male specimens collected from the pericardial cavities of the curimatid fish Cyphocarax (= Curimata) gilberti (Quoy & Gaimard). The fishes were caught in the Itabapoana River, State of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. The presence of" dwarf" males, as reported by Szidat, was verified. The fusion of the pleonites and pleotelson in adult females was also confirmed. The generic diagnosis was emended to include details of the mouthparts and pleopods
Genetic Control of Fertility in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) : New Kinds of Donor Strains

Summary: New types of donor strains have been obtained by indirect selection froman IF strain bearing the autonomous plasmid SCP 1. The new donors differ from the previously known type of donor (NF) in being, usually, unstable, segregating numerous IF and UF variants, and in their pattern of donation to UF strains (recipient strains lacking SCP 1). Whereas the chromosome fragments donated by NF strains have neither end at a constant position, those transferred by the new donors have one constant and one variable end. The new donors are designated according to the marker donated with the highest frequency - that is, nearest to the constant end of the chromosome fragments. It is postulated that they arise by interaction between SCP 1 and the chromosome, perhaps to produce substituted plasmids analogous to F prime strains of Escherichia coli, which may mobilize the chromosome by donor crossing-over. Most of the new donors had a white colony phenotype, although producing apparently normal spores.
Phylogeographic analysis of the migration of Japanese encephalitis virus in Asia

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is one of the zoonotic arboviruses, and causes encephalitis in humans. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that some phylogenetic subclusers were distributed as widely as continental Asia to Japan (subclusters 1-A-1, 1-A-2, 1-A-3, 1-A-5, 3-A-1, 3-A-2, 3-B-1 and 3-D). However, two subclusters were only isolated in Japan (1-A-6 and 1-A-7). These data suggest that multiple populations of JEV have migrated from southeast Asia and continental east Asia to Japan and, in Japan, JEV can overwinter and settle. In this article, we aim to explain the ecological factors related to the overseas expansion, migration and overwintering of JEV.
Comparative analysis of expression profiles of counterpart gene sets between Brassica rapa and Arabidopsis thaliana during fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum infection

To perform comparative sequence and transcriptome analyses between Brassica rapa and Arabidopsis thaliana, we prepared a B. rapa cDNA microarray using 1,820 (ca. 2 K) cDNA clones selected from 2,166 non-redundant sequences of cDNA library of Chinese cabbage. The gene expression during infection with fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum and treatments with signaling molecules was analyzed using 2 K B. rapa and 1.2 K Arabidopsis cDNA microarrays. In B. rapa, the results suggested a large correlation coefficient between compatible pathogen C. higginsianum-infection and the treatment with salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, or ethephon. The expression profiles of 145 counterpart gene sets between the B. rapa and Arabidopsis were distributed in the self-organizing map analysis. The 28% of them indicated similarities in the two species transcriptome. These expressed sequence tag (EST) and microarray data should provide a valuable resource for functional genomics on the crops.
The evolutionary basis of reproductive isolation in Mediterranean orchids

The extraordinary floral diversity in orchids reflects the importance of orchid-pollinator associations in orchid evolution, and pollination biology is regarded as a driving force in orchid diversification and speciation.As a consequence, a prominent role has been attributed to the specificity of orchid-pollinator associations and to pollinator mediated pre-mating barriers for maintaining reproductive isolation among orchid species. Changes in floral morphology, coloration or odor may lead to the attraction of different pollinators and to the occupation of different ethological niches. Although this concept is appealing, it does not find strong support in Mediterranean orchids, subtribe Orchidinae, where phylogenetic studies have revealed that speciation is not strictly associated with shifts in pollination biology and where numerous literature reports described the wide occurrence of hybridization. Most Mediterranean orchids are food-deceptive, by generally mimicking rewarding plants, and the low specificity of this pollination strategy is the main cause of the observed hybridization. Genetic analyses of hybrid zones have revealed that most hybrid individuals were first generation hybrids. These findings, together with the absence of polyploid chromosome numbers, suggest that hybridization is of limited importance as basis for speciation in Mediterranean orchids. However, strong karyotype differences between closely related species that share pollinators, suggest that chromosomal changes play a prominent role in reducing hybrid fitness and maintaining reproductive isolation among sympatric Mediterranean orchid species.
Powdery Mildew on Mulberry in Yunnan, China is Distinct from Other Phyllactinia spp. on Morus

The occurrence of an epidemic outbreak of a powdery mildew disease on mulberry in Yunnan province, China, is reported. Its symptoms are characteristic for powdery mildews and visible as white pathches covering the abaxial surfaces of leaves leading to chlorosis and necrosis. The pathogen is morphologically barely distinguishable from Phyllactinia moricola. However, it exhibits several new morphological characteristics which 2–3 conidia could be formed in short chains at the apex of the conidiophores and the conidia could produce two germ tubes in any position. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS sequences show that the pathogen has a close genetic relationship with P. moricola and Ph. broussonetiae-kaempferi, two species on hosts belonging to family Moraceae. However, the ITS differences between Japanese sequences and the Chinese sequence derived from mulberry are greater than expected for a single species and suggest a cryptic species in China, but the present data are not sufficient for a final conclusion. Therefore, the Morus powdery mildew in Yunnan can currently only be classified as Phyllactinia sp. Morphological features, including conidial germination pattern of this powdery mildew are described in detail, and the local climatic conditions of the disease are analysed, which will provide the base for finding an effective method, including bio-control, to control the disease under local conditions.
Syntheses of [21-11C] and (21-13C)progesterone

[21- 11 C]Progesterone was synthesised via the cross-coupling 17β-carboxylic acid chloride-4-androsten-3-one with lithium [ 11 C]methyl(2-thienyl)cuprate (LiCN). The title compound was obtained in 30-35% decay corrected radiochemical yield, based on [ 11 C]methyl iodide, within 35 minutes after end of radionuclide production. The specific radioactivity was 14 GBq/μmole. (21- 13 C)Progesterone was synthesised using the same procedure for determination of the position of the label.
A coraciiform-like bird quadrate from the Early Eocene Tingamarra local fauna of Queensland, Australia

Abstract A fragmentary quadrate from the earliest Eocene Tingamarra local fauna of Murgon, Queensland, combines characters of the coraciiform birds and their closest relatives, a separate pterygoid facet on the orbital process (a feature unknown in this clade), and similarities to the Upupiformes (Upupidae and Phoeniculidae). The new fossil provides the first Paleogene, and thus the oldest, record of the coraciiform-like birds from the Southern Hemisphere. The Tingamarra bird may well represent one of the named families of Paleogene birds whose quadrates remain largely unknown. A great variation of pneumaticity-related features among the coraciiform birds reveals morphogenetic instability in the development of pneumatic diverticula from the tympanic cavity.
International Journal of Instruction

Emotions that teachers experience are not only important for their performance and satisfaction in the classroom, but they also affect their interaction with students and students’ achievement. The present study mainly aimed to examine the association between teachers’ emotions and students’ perspectives towards the their teachers’ success in teaching, and to determine the predictors of students’ views on teachers’ pedagogical success in teachers’ emotions components. Finally, the study tries to explore the students’ views regarding the influence of teachers’ emotions based on semi-structured interview. In so doing, 80 homogeneous university students majoring in TEFL form different universities in the northeast of Iran and 20 EFL teachers teaching English to the students of foreign languages participated in this study. The results obtained from Pearson Correlation Coefficient confirmed that there was a moderate, positive correlation between teachers’ emotions and students’ views on teachers’ pedagogical success. Moreover, running Multiple Regression, the study indicated that the best predictors of students’ views on teachers’ pedagogical success in teachers’ emotions components was for enjoyment. Finally, the findings from the interviews revealed that display of emotions such as pride, and enjoyment can be used to motivate the students. The study offers practical implications for language teachers and learners.
Direct and Indirect Effects of a Shoot-Base Boring Weevil and Plant Competition on the Performance of Creeping Thistle, Cirsium arvense

Abstract Creeping thistle or Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. , is considered one of the world's worst weeds and the third most important weed in Europe. Biological control of this indigenous weed in Europe by use of native agents may provide a low-cost alternative to use of chemical or mechanical control measures and contribute to a more sustainable weed management. We investigated the potential of a shoot-base boring weevil, Apion onopordi Kirby (Coleoptera: Apionidae), for biological weed control, in the presence or absence of plant competition by three grass species. Infestation of thistle shoots by A. onopordi at natural infestation levels reduced above- and belowground plant performance after 2 years. Plant competition at natural levels had an overall greater effect than that of herbivory, significantly reducing both above- and belowground thistle performance in both years, thereby slowing the propagation of the weed. Weevil infestation and grass competition had a synergistic effect on C. arvense growth; the combined effects of the two factors was greater than the sum of both single-factor effects. The experiment revealed that A. onopordi promotes systemic infections of the rust fungus Puccinia punctiformis (Str.) Rohl in the year following weevil infestation. Systemically infected thistle shoots died before the end of the growing season. Although the direct effect of A. onopordi may not be sufficient to control creeping thistle, the synergistic interaction with plant competition and the indirect effect via promotion of systemic rust infections makes A. onopordi a promising agent for the biological control of this weed.
Production of ellagic acid from degradation of valonea tannins by Aspergillus niger and Candida utilis

Two fungal strains, effective in converting valonea (Quercus aegilops) tannins into ellagic acid (EA), were isolated from soil contaminated by valonea tannins, and were tentatively identified as Aspergillus niger and Candida utilis. Properties of EA accumulation by the two isolates from valonea tannins' fermentation were studied. Both the strains preferred sucrose to glucose as the additional carbon and energy source. The most suitable concentrations of valonea tannins in fermentation media for EA accumulation by A niger and C utilis were 5.0 and 9.0 g dm−3 with EA yields of 12.1 and 8.9% (w/w), respectively. The optimal temperature for the two strains was 28 °C, while the preferred pH values of the fermentation media were 4.5–5.0 for A niger and 4.8–5.2 for C utilis. The tannin tolerances of A niger and C utilis were adapted to 20 and 25 g dm−3 by gradually increasing the concentrations of valonea tannins in the culture media. The adapted strain of A niger was able to completely degrade 20 g dm−3 valonea tannins with an EA yield of 14.3% in 9 days. Meanwhile, the adapted strain of C utilis decreased the valonea tannins' level from 25 to 9.1 g dm−3 with an EA yield of 11.48%. The degradation ability of A niger came from tannase whose activity in the medium was 63 U cm−3 at the ninth day of fermentation, and that of C utilis was due to both tannase and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) whose activities were 32 U cm−3 and 29 U cm−3 at the ninth day. The coculture of both the adapted strains could completely degrade 25 g dm−3 valonea tannins in only 7 days with a remarkably increased EA yield (21%). The activities of tannase and PPO of the coculture at the seventh day were 66 U cm−3 and 47 U cm−3 respectively, which proved the synergistic effect of the two enzymes on valonea tannins' degradation and EA accumulation. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Quantitative Evaluation of Total Cellular Number and Cellular Density in the Thymolymphatic Organs of Young Adult Albino Rats by Means of DNA Determination

Attempts to estimate the total cellular number and the rate of cell production in the hemopoietic organs have been made in a series of studies on the rat by Kindred (1938, 1940, 1942 and 1955). The methods employed in these studies are based on cell counts and mitotic counts of given areas in sections of the hemopoietic organs of the rat. Such procedures, however, meet with difficulties particularly in sections of lymph node, because variations in cellular density and irregular distribution of mitotic figures in different regions of lymphatic organs complicate the quantitative approach in sections and may, for this reason, cause uncertainty in the results. In the earlier communications from this laboratory, a simple method for estimating total cellular number in lymphoid organs by means of DNA determination of whole tissue and of each nucleus has been reported, together with some preliminary results (M o n d e n, 1955; Osogoe et al., 1957; Osogoe, 1958; and Osogoe and A w a y a, 1958). The present paper makes a more detailed description of the results of measurements on normal adult rats, that have been carried out thus far by this method.