Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Student Satisfaction and Perceptions of Instructor Support in Studio Physics

This study investigates the pedagogical factors that impact students’ satisfaction with studio-style physics courses. Students enrolled in various sections of a SCALE-UP style course at EKU (N=184) responded to a reformed version of the Pedagogical Expectancy Violation Assessment (PEVA) and a course satisfaction questionnaire. Within the PEVA, students identified their satisfaction with particular activities based on how often they expected them to occur or how often they had experienced them. Based on experiences, the items in the PEVA clustered into five factors, one of which concerned the instructor support that the students received. We found that expected course grade and instructor were both correlated with course satisfaction, but even when those predictors were controlled, students’ satisfaction with instructor support was a significant predictor for course satisfaction but not for their expected course grade. Further, the more support students reported receiving, the higher their satisfaction. We discuss implications of these findings, especially in terms of how to respond to students desire for instructors to spend more time demonstrating how to solve problems on the board.
Effect of an educational program on awareness of cervical cancer and uptake of Pap smear among market women in Niger State North Central Nigeria.

Cervical cancer is an important but preventable public health problem among women worldwide. Studies have shown low awareness about cervical cancer and its screening test. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention programme on awareness of cervical cancer and uptake of Pap smear by women in selected markets in Niger State, Nigeria. This was a quasi-experimental study conducted in 2014. Sample size was determined based on a previous study on Pap smear test in Nigeria. Multi stage sampling technique was used for recruiting the study participants. SPSS statistical software was used for data entry, editing and analysis. The socio-demographic profile of the respondents was comparable between both groups. Respondents’ awareness about cervical cancer and uptake of Pap smear were comparable between both groups at pre-intervention. Post-intervention, there was a statistically significant difference in awareness about cervical cancer (χ2 = 59.127, p<0.001) with a marginal increase in uptake of Pap smear test (Fisher’s exact, p=0.621) in the intervention group as compared to the control group. This finding underscores the need for awareness creation strategies and the need for more interventional programs. Key words: Pap smear test, human papilloma virus, cervical cancer.
An introduction to localisation and supersymmetry in curved space.

This paper presents the lecture notes of a course that I taught at the Ninth Modave Summer School in Mathematical Physics. The course has been designed to give an introduction to new exact results for supersymmetric field theories obtained by localisation of the path integral. I first review localisation theorems for ordinary integrals and the extension of these ideas to supersymmetric quantum field theories. Then I introduce the formalism of rigid supersymmetry in curved space and apply it to three-dimensional N = 2 supersymmetric gauge theories on the round 3-sphere. Finally I sketch the derivation of the localisation formula for the partition functions of such theories.
Na+/H+‐Exchange Inhibition by Cariporide (Hoe 642): A New Principle in Cardiovascular Medicine

Acute myocardial infarction is one of the most common causes of death in Western industrialized countries. Many patients with acute myocardial infarction develop lethal cardiac arrhythmias that are often the final cause of death. Both basic and clinical research efforts have been directed toward a new therapeutic strategy, to reduce ischemic damage and/or the incidence of arrhythmias in the course of ischemia and reperfusion. The purpose of this article is to summarize the experimental pharmacology and clinical data on the new Na/H-exchange inhibitor, cariporide. The pathophysiology of regional ischemia is complex. In addition to intracellular acidification, many other factors are thought to contribute to ischemic cardiac injury. There are at least two transporters regulating intracellular pH: the Na/H-exchanger and the Na/ HCO3 − symport. Intracellular acidification, occurring in the course of regional ischemia, is likely to activate both transporters, leading to a net sodium influx. Under certain conditions (see below), intracellular sodium may be exchanged for calcium. Intracellular acidification will have at least three consequences: 1) it will close gap-junctional channels, thereby isolating the ischemic area electrically, 2) it will lead to a Na influx via Na/ H-exchange (12,50) that is activated by low intracellular pH (13,29), and 3) it will activate Na/K-ATPase, leading to an increase in ATP consumption (12,46). Eventually the intracellular acidification will “arrest” the cells, a process called “acid freezing. ” In addition, an increase in intracellular sodium concentration will enhance calcium overload during recovery from ischemia (53). Amiloride and its derivatives, 5-(N,N-dimethyl)amiloride hydrochloride, N-(ethyl-Nisopropyl)amiloride,5-N-(methyl-N-isobutyl)amiloride, and 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride,
Forecasting of Surface Currents via Correcting Wind Stress with Assimilation of High-Frequency Radar Data in a Three-Dimensional Model

This paper details work in assessing the capability of a hydrodynamic model to forecast surface currents and in applying data assimilation techniques to improve model forecasts. A three-dimensional model Environment Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) was forced with tidal boundary data and onshore wind data, and so forth. Surface current data from a high-frequency (HF) radar system in Galway Bay were used for model intercomparisons and as a source for data assimilation. The impact of bottom roughness was also investigated. Having developed a “good” water circulation model the authors sought to improve its forecasting ability through correcting wind shear stress boundary conditions. The differences in surface velocity components between HF radar measurements and model output were calculated and used to correct surface shear stresses. Moreover, data assimilation cycle lengths were examined to extend the improvements of surface current’s patterns during forecasting period, especially for north-south velocity component. The influence of data assimilation in model forecasting was assessed using a Data Assimilation Skill Score (DASS). Positive magnitude of DASS indicated that both velocity components were considerably improved during forecasting period. Additionally, the improvements of RMSE for vector direction over domain were significant compared with the “free run. ”
The effect of particle structure on apparent density of electrolytic copper powder

The quantitative microstructural analysis and the sieve analysis of copper powder as well as the scanning electron microscopy analysis of the copper powders particles were performed. It was found that the structure of the copper powder particles determines the apparent density of copper powder. The powder particles from the same fractions of different powders occupy approximately the same volume, but the structure of metallic copper is very different. This causes the difference in apparent densities of copper powder obtained under different conditions. The more dendritic is the structure of powder particles the smaller is the apparent density of copper powder.
ANGDelMut – a web-based tool for predicting and analyzing functional loss mechanisms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated angiogenin mutations

ANGDelMut is a web-based tool for predicting the functional consequences of missense mutations in the angiogenin (ANG) protein, which is associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Missense mutations in ANG result in loss of either ribonucleolytic activity or nuclear translocation activity or both of these functions, and in turn cause ALS. However, no web-based tools are available to predict whether a newly identified ANG mutation will possibly lead to ALS. More importantly, no web-implemented method is currently available to predict the mechanisms of loss-of-function(s) of ANG mutants. In light of this observation, we developed the ANGDelMut web-based tool, which predicts whether an ANG mutation is deleterious or benign. The user selects certain attributes from the input panel, which serves as a query to infer whether a mutant will exhibit loss of ribonucleolytic activity or nuclear translocation activity or whether the overall stability will be affected. The output states whether the mutation is deleterious or benign, and if it is deleterious, gives the possible mechanism(s) of loss-of-function. This web-based tool, freely available at http://bioschool.iitd. ernet.in/DelMut/, is the first of its kind to provide a platform for researchers and clinicians, to infer the functional consequences of ANG mutations and correlate their possible association with ALS ahead of experimental findings.
Prevention and Treatment of Opioid Misuse and Addiction: A Review

Importance More than 42 000 Americans died of opioid overdoses in 2016, and the fatalities continue to increase. This review analyzes the factors that triggered the opioid crisis and its further evolution, along with the interventions to manage and prevent opioid use disorder (OUD), which are fundamental for curtailing the opioid crisis. Observations Opioid drugs are among the most powerful analgesics but also among the most addictive. The current opioid crisis, initially triggered by overprescription of opioid analgesics, which facilitated their diversion and misuse, has now expanded to heroin and illicit synthetic opioids (fentanyl and its analogues), the potency of which further increases their addictiveness and lethality. Although there are effective medications to treat OUD (methadone hydrochloride, buprenorphine, and naltrexone hydrochloride), these medications are underused, and the risk of relapse is still high. Strategies to expand medication use and treatment retention include greater involvement of health care professionals (including psychiatrists) and approaches to address comorbidities. In particular, the high prevalence of depression and suicidality among patients with OUD, if untreated, contributes to relapse and increases the risk of overdose fatalities. Prevention interventions include screening and early detection of psychiatric disorders, which increase the risk of substance use disorders, including OUD. Conclusions and Relevance Although overprescription of opioid medications triggered the opioid crisis, improving opioid prescription practices for pain management, although important for addressing the opioid crisis, is no longer sufficient. In parallel, strategies to expand access to medication for OUD and improve treatment retention, including a more active involvement of psychiatrists who are optimally trained to address psychiatric comorbidities, are fundamental to preventing fatalities and achieving recovery. Research into new treatments for OUD, models of care for OUD management that include health care, and interventions to prevent OUD may further help resolve the opioid crisis and prevent it from happening again.
Functionality of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in three plant communities in the Managed Floristic Reserve San Ubaldo-Sabanalamar, Cuba

En el presente estudio se evaluo, durante dos anos, la influencia de los periodos seco y lluvioso sobre el funcionamiento de hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares (HFMA) simbiontes de plantas nativas de una sabana semi natural, una sabana recuperada de la actividad agricola y un agroecosistema, ubicados en la Reserva Floristica Manejada San Ubaldo-Sabanalamar, Pinar del Rio, Cuba. Se recolectaron muestras de suelo en abril y octubre (periodo seco y humedo de 2008 y 2010, respectivamente). Dentro de cada ecosistema se seleccionaron cuatro parcelas y se recolectaron cinco submuestras al azar, las que fueron homogeneizadas para formar una muestra compuesta por parcela. Se cuantifico la biomasa de raicillas, la colonizacion micorrizica de las plantas hospedadoras en el campo, el micelio extrarradical, el micelio endofito y la densidad de esporas. La biomasa de raicillas en la sabana semi natural incremento durante los periodos secos, la cual alcanzo hasta 12.85 g/dm 3 de suelo. En todos los ecosistemas, la mayor colonizacion micorrizica ocurrio en la epoca lluviosa del segundo ano con valores que oscilaron entre 79 y 89 %. Las mayores biomasas de micelio externo fueron registradas en los tres ecosistemas durante el periodo seco del segundo ano, con un valor maximo de 279 mg/dm 3 de suelo en la sabana recuperada. La mayor densidad de esporas de HFMA fue determinada en el periodo seco del segundo ano para los tres ecosistemas estudiados, con el valor mas alto en la sabana recuperada con 5 670 esporas/100 g de suelo seco. De manera general, se evidencio un efecto de la estacionalidad de la lluvia mas que del manejo de ecosistema sobre el funcionamiento de los HFMA. La mayor actividad colonizadora se evidencio en periodos humedos, mientras que mayor biomasa de raicillas y micelio externo durante los periodos secos, lo que sugiere estrategias de incremento del volumen del suelo explorado por parte de los HFMA como de las plantas hospedadoras. La proliferacion de esporas evidencio la formacion de estructuras de resistencia de los HFMA ante condiciones adversas. Los resultados obtenidos pondrian en evidencia la plasticidad de la simbiosis micorrizica ante variaciones en la disponibilidad de agua.
Atmospheric black carbon and warming effects influenced by the source and absorption enhancement in central Europe

Abstract. Particles containing black carbon (BC), a strong absorbing substance, exert a rather uncertain direct and indirect radiative forcing in the atmosphere. To investigate the mass concentration and absorption properties of BC particles over central Europe, the model WRF-Chem was used at a resolution of 12 km in conjunction with a high-resolution BC emission inventory (EUCAARI 42-Pan-European Carbonaceous Aerosol Inventory; 1/8° × 1/16°). The model simulation was evaluated using measurements of equivalent soot carbon, absorption coefficients and particle number concentrations at seven sites within the German Ultrafine Aerosol Network, PM
Identifying notions of environment in obesity research using a mixed‐methods approach

The recent rise of computation‐based methods in social science has opened new opportunities for exploring qualitative questions through analysis of large amounts of text. This article uses a mixed‐methods design that incorporates machine reading, network analysis, semantic analysis, and qualitative analysis of 414 highly cited publications on obesogenic environments between 2001 and 2015. The method produces an elaborate network map exhibiting five distinct notions of environment, all of which are currently active in the field of obesity research. The five notions are institutional, built, food, family, and bodily environments. The network map is proposed as a navigational tool both for policy actors who wish to coordinate efforts between a variety of stakeholders and for researchers who wish to understand their own research and research plans in light of different positions in the field. The final part of the article explores how the network map may also initiate a broader set of reflections on the configuration, differentiation, and coherence of the field of obesity research.
Interpretation of MUSIC for location detecting of small inhomogeneities surrounded by random scatterers

In this paper, we consider the MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm for identifying the locations of small electromagnetic inhomogeneities surrounded by random scatterers. For this purpose, we rigorously analyze the structure of MUSIC-type imaging function by establishing a relationship with zero-order Bessel function of the first kind. This relationship shows certain properties of the MUSIC algorithm, explains some unexplained phenomena, and provides a method for improvements.
The effects of morphology and water coating on the optical properties of soot aggregates

Soot particles positively influence radiative forcing due to their strong absorption. Because of their chain-like structure, aggregated soot particles become more compact with the aging process, and the monomers or particles are always covered by water coatings. In this study, the optical parameters of two typical soot-water mixtures (i. e. an aggregate with core-shell monomers and a soot aggregate inside a water droplet) at 550 nm were investigated using the superposition T-matrix method, with a focus on the impact of the morphology and water coating of soot aggregates. For the soot aggregate with core-shell monomers, a relationship among the fractal dimension, relative humidity (RH) and monomer number was established and used to calculate optical parameters. The intensity of forward scattering declined with the increasing RH. The Cext, Csca, Cabs and SSA are much more insensitive to RH under higher RH conditions (RH>90%) than at a lower RH levels. In addition, hygroscopic shrinkage and the thickness of water coating have a stronger effect on the optical properties of larger aggregated soot at higher RH than lower RH. For another mixing state, the soot aggregate inside a water droplet, the morphology of the soot core plays an important role in the optical properties when the thickness of the water shell is small. When D_ratio changes from 1.2 to 2.8, Cext difference increases from 0. 23μm2 to 2. 36μm2 for particles with N=100 and 500, whereas the SSA difference decreases from 0.12 to 0.01. If the agglomerated structure of the soot core is not considered, the Cext, Csca and SSA will be underestimated for a relatively small D_ratio of 1.2. Ignoring the soot core in the water droplet could introduce large errors into the calculation of the optical parameters, and ignoring the structure of the aggregated soot core could enlarge the errors.
Lattice dynamics and a magnetic-structural phase transition in the nickel orthoborate $Ni_{3}(BO_{3})_{2}$

Nickel orthoborate $Ni_{3}(BO_{3})_{2}$ having a complex orthorhombic structure $P_{nnm}$ (#58, Z=2) of the kotoite type is known for quite a long time as an antiferromagnetic material below $T_{N}$ = 46 K, but up to now its physical properties including the lattice dynamics have not been explored. Six magnetic nickel $Ni^{2+}$ ions (S=1) in the unit cell are distributed over the 2a and 4f positions in the centers of distorted $[O_{6}]$ octahedra. The $[NiO_{6}]$ units are linked via rigid $[BO_{3}]$ groups and these structural particularities impose restrictions on the lattice dynamics and spin-phonon interactions. We performed the symmetry analysis of the phonon modes at the center of the Brillouin zone. The structural parameters and phonon modes were calculated using Dmol3 program. We report and analyze results of infrared and Raman studies of phonon spectra measured in all required polarizations. Most of the even and odd phonons predicted on the basis of the symmetry analysis and theoretical calculations were reliably identified in the measured spectra. Absorption measurements in the infrared region showed emergence of several very narrow and weak phonons at the magnetic ordering temperature $T_{N}$. This observation proves the existence of a structural phase transition not reported before which is evidently coupled intrinsically with the magnetic dynamics of $Ni_{3}(BO_{3})_{2}$. A clear evidence of spin-phonon interaction was observed for some particular phonons below $T_{N}$.
Tissue Culture in Sudan Forest In Vitro Germination and Micro-Propagation of Acacia tortilis Subspp. Spirocarpa, A Multipurpose Forest Tree

The paper highlights the importance of plant tissue methods and usage in producing planting materials of tree species, varieties and cultivars. Some local experiments of forest trees will be demonstrated such as; in vitro germination and micro-propagation of Acacia tortilis subspp spirocarpa, that shows a potential in shoot regeneration and callus formation after subcultures. The general aim of the paper is to highlighting benefit of tissue and organ cultures and researches achieved. Plantations regarding subspecies A. tortilis are scarce and their natural stands are declining at a rapid rate. Also, they exhibit a slow rate of growth and development although they are known as multi-purpose trees. The success in mass clone propagation through tissue culture from selected individuals might improve rate of growth and quality of selected traits and resulting in short-term gains. The seeds have been surface sterilized and then in-vitro germinated on Murashige and Skoog medium to produce healthy seedlings free of contaminants for micropropagation. Apical and epicotyls shoots were excised from 3-5-7week-old seedlings, cultured on modified MS basal medium supplemented with 0.10, 0.20 and 0.25 mg/l 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 6- benzyl-aminopurine (BAP), separately and in combination. Callus was developed in cultures and new shoot plantlets rooted with 100 mg/l IBA giving 60 percent rooting and 40 percent rooting with 500 mg/l IBA. It is possible to develop a simple and feasible in vitro propagation protocol for production of A. tortilis subs. Spirocarpa; a multipurpose tree of economic and environment importance in Sudan
A systematic review of neighbourhood economic context on child obesity and obesity‐related behaviours

Childhood obesity is of great importance given a third of children in the USA are overweight or obese. Previous research has examined neighbourhood economic context in relation to children's obesity and obesity‐rated behaviours. However, different definitions and measures of neighbourhood context make it difficult to compare findings and make definitive conclusions. This review is to synthesize studies assessing the associations between neighbourhood economic context and children's obesity or obesity‐related behaviours. The review included 39 studies investigating the relationship between residential neighbourhood economic context and children's obesity, dietary habits or physical activity after controlling for family‐level economic status. Studies reported mixed results in the relationship between neighbourhood economic indicators and child obesity outcomes. Of reviewed studies, 60% showed an inverse association between higher neighbourhood economic status and obesity, and 33% and 14% showed positive associations between higher neighbourhood economic status and healthy dietary habits or physical activity. Several studies suggested gender, age, race/ethnicity, individual‐level economic status, rurality and social connectedness as moderators in the neighbourhood‐obesity association. Findings suggest that, in order to move towards causal inferences and inform interventions, future research should examine neighbourhood impacts longitudinally and test theory‐driven mediators and moderators to clarify the mechanisms by which neighbourhoods influence child obesity.
Real Time Tracking Using Video Camera for Security

People tracking are highly used in the surveillance applications. In this paper we introduced a system to track live video for tracking the person to find the intruder and make the surveillance area more secure. Human can perceive the objects and indentify the useful information and process sufficient information. Same way the video camera can identify the intruder. Here the pixel based approach is taken for the object detection. Background subtraction method is used for the moving object detection. Different aspects are taken for the input video and comparing the results for the processing video and time complexity. Mailing system is introduced here for the intruder alert with the internet connection in the server.