Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aggregation of doubly fed induction generators wind turbines under different incoming wind speeds

The increasing wind power penetration in power systems requires the development of adequate wind farms models to be included in power system simulation software in order to represent the behavior of wind farms in power systems. The modeling of wind farms with high number of wind turbines requires the development of a high order model if all the wind turbines are modeled and therefore it is necessary a long simulation time. This paper presents a new way of aggregation of doubly fed induction generators wind turbines under different incoming winds by an equivalent wind turbine to approximate the active and reactive powers of aggregated wind turbines. The proposed aggregation method allows the wind farm to be represented by one single equivalent wind turbine with an important reduction of both model order and simulation time.
Imaging of atrial septal defects: echocardiography and CT correlation

Adult patients with atrial septal defects (ASDs) have variable clinical presentations that can range from dyspnoea on exertion to cerebral vascular accidents from paradoxical embolism. Currently echocardiography is the mainstay in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with ASDs. As CT technology advances and low radiation techniques improve, cardiac CT is becoming a desirable method to evaluate patients with ASDs when echocardiographic evaluation is limited. Correct diagnosis and appropriate management of patients with patent foramen ovales (PFOs) and ASDs relies on an understanding of the embryologic development patterns that resulted in the malformation and associated anomalies. In this review, we illustrate the development of the interatrial septum and the foramen ovale. We discuss the diagnosis of PFOs and ASDs by echocardiography and highlight the incremental benefit of CT to further elucidate defect morphology, associated anomalies, and anatomy post-repair. The primary atrium starts as a common cavity.1 Starting at 5 weeks of gestation, the primordial single atrium begins dividing into right and left sides by formation and fusion of two septa: the septum primum and septum secundum (figure 1). Early in the fifth week of gestation the septum primum begins to form near the centre of the roof of the common atrium, growing downward to the endocardial cushions, and partially dividing the common atrium into right and left counterparts (figure 1, A-1 and A-2). The gap between the septum primum and endocardial cushions is known as the ostium primum. Before the septum primum and endocardial cushions fuse, perforations develop within the cephalic portion of the septum primum through apoptosis, creating a large window known as the ostium secundum. At the end of the sixth week the caudal free edge of the septum primum reaches the atrioventricular cushions and fuses with them, closing the ostium primum (figure 1, B-1 and …
Descriptive and temporal analysis of post-mortem lesions recorded in slaughtered pigs in New Zealand from 2000 to 2010

AIMS: To complete a retrospective analysis of data from a national abattoir-based lesion recording system (PigCheck) in the New Zealand pig industry, in order to establish the prevalence of 20 post-mortem disease lesions, describe long-term trends in the prevalence of these lesions, and identify the proportion of the monthly variation in lesion prevalence that could be attributed to individual farms or abattoirs. METHODS: Slaughter lesion data were collected and reported at the lot level (a cohort of pigs delivered from one farm, at one time). Data on the prevalence of lesions between January 2000 and December 2010 was aggregated by month, and time-series analysis of the data for each lesion was conducted. The time series pattern for each lesion was described with an auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model; seasonality of lesion occurrence was assessed separately. To determine the proportion of variance in lesion prevalence that could be attributed to farms relative to that attributed to abattoirs, a hierarchical binomial generalised linear mixed model was created incorporating two random effect levels, at the farm (within abattoir) and abattoir levels. RESULTS: A dataset comprised of 124,407 lots (6,220,664 pigs, 279 farms, five abattoirs) was compiled for analysis. The most prevalent conditions across the 11-year time series were antero-ventral pneumonia (7.6%), pleuropneumonia (11.4%), and milk spots (9.2%). Of the 15 lesions shown to have a significant annual change in prevalence, 10 decreased over time and five increased. The variance in prevalence that was observed for pyogenic lesion (92%), mange (73%), and ileitis (62%) was attributed primarily to variation between abattoirs. By contrast, the farm of origin explained the greatest percentage of variance in prevalence for rectal prolapse (98%), pneumonia (97%), and antero-ventral pneumonia (96%). CONCLUSIONS: The overall prevalence of most lesions recorded in PigCheck for the period was low relative to published data from other countries. Common lung pathologies contributing to lesions such as antero-ventral pneumonia and pleuropneumonia were primarily a function of farm management and were not likely due to variability in lesion recording at different abattoirs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Based on the low frequency of lesions in pigs at commercial abattoirs, the health status of pigs in the New Zealand pig industry is considered to be very good. Pneumonia, pleurisy, and ascariasis are some of the most prevalent conditions that should be focussed on through development of herd health management plans.
Diet‐induced obesity has neuroprotective effects in murine gastric enteric nervous system: involvement of leptin and glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor

Non‐technical summary The enteric nervous system (ENS) is an autonomous nervous system integrated along the gut that controls major gastrointestinal (GI) functions such as motility. Increasing data have demonstrated that nutritional factors can modulate the ENS phenotype and consequently impact upon GI functions. Western diet is central in the development of obesity but surprisingly no study has characterized its impact upon ENS phenotype and functions. We show that Western diet‐induced obesity (DIO) prevented age‐associated loss in a specific population of enteric neurons leading to an acceleration of gastric emptying. In addition, we showed that neuroprotective effects of DIO likely involved leptin and glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). This is the first study demonstrating an impact of DIO upon the ENS. These DIO‐induced neuroplastic changes in the ENS could be involved in the physiopathology of obesity.
LOCAL SOLVABILITY OF A CONSTRAINED GRADIENT SYSTEM OF TOTAL VARIATION

A 1-harmonic map flow equation, a gradient system of total variation where values of unknowns are constrained in a compact manifold in R^N is formulated by use of subd-ifferentials of a singular energy - the total variation. An abstract convergence result is established to show that solutions of approximate problem converge to a solution of the limit problem. As an application of our convergence result a local-in-time solution of 1-harmonic map flow equation is constructed as a limit of the solutions of p-harmonic (p > 1) map flow equation, when the initial data is smooth with small total variation under periodic boundary condition.
Comparative proteomics evaluation of plasma exosome isolation techniques and assessment of the stability of exosomes in normal human blood plasma

Exosomes are nanovesicles released by a variety of cells and are detected in body fluids including blood. Recent studies have highlighted the critical application of exosomes as personalized targeted drug delivery vehicles and as reservoirs of disease biomarkers. While these research applications have created significant interest and can be translated into practice, the stability of exosomes needs to be assessed and exosome isolation protocols from blood plasma need to be optimized. To optimize methods to isolate exosomes from blood plasma, we performed a comparative evaluation of three exosome isolation techniques (differential centrifugation coupled with ultracentrifugation, epithelial cell adhesion molecule immunoaffinity pull‐down, and OptiPrepTM density gradient separation) using normal human plasma. Based on MS, Western blotting and microscopy results, we found that the OptiPrepTM density gradient method was superior in isolating pure exosomal populations, devoid of highly abundant plasma proteins. In addition, we assessed the stability of exosomes in plasma over 90 days under various storage conditions. Western blotting analysis using the exosomal marker, TSG101, revealed that exosomes are stable for 90 days. Interestingly, in the context of cellular uptake, the isolated exosomes were able to fuse with target cells revealing that they were indeed biologically active.
Polymerase chain reaction as a rapid diagnostic tool for therapy of acute retinal necrosis syndrome

Herpesviruses are involved in the pathogenesis of acute retinal necrosis syndrome (ARN). A rapid and accurate diagnosis of herpetic infections is crucial for prompt administration of a specific antiviral therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based assay to detect herpesvirus DNA in the aqueous humor of clinical samples from ten patients with uveitis and clinical suspicion of ARN. Samples were assayed for herpes simplex virus type 1‐2 (HSV 1‐2), varicella zoster virus (VZV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Clinical suspicion of ARN was confirmed for four patients. Two patients (one with bilateral ARN) tested PCR‐positive for VZV DNA and the other two were positive for HSV 1‐2 DNA. CMV DNA was not detected in any of the samples, and no sample was positive for DNA from more than one virus. The remaining patients did not show any evidence of herpesvirus DNA in their aqueous samples. Our findings demonstrate that the use of PCR for detecting herpesvirus DNA in aqueous humor of uveitic subjects may be a valuable tool for early diagnosis of acute retinal necrosis syndrome and for timely administration of a suitable therapy. J. Med. Virol. 69:397–400, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design of hardware accelerator for Lempel-Ziv 4 (LZ4) compression

Hardware accelerators are being considered as important architectural components in the context of datacenter customization to achieve high performance and low power. Compression has played an important role in computer systems by enhancing storage and communication efficiency in the charge of extra computational cost. In this letter, we present a fully pipelined compression accelerator for the Lempel-Ziv (LZ) compression algorithm. The compression accelerator is verified by using FPGA and fabricated using 65nm CMOS technology.
Virological Responses to Atazanavir–Ritonavir-Based Regimens: Resistance-Substitutions Score and Pharmacokinetic Parameters (Reyaphar Study)

Objective To assess the impact of baseline HIV-1 substitutions, individual pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters (Cmin, Cmax, area under the curve [AUC0→24 h]) and genotype-inhibitory quotient (GIQ) on virological responses (VR) to atazanavir-ritonavir (300 mg/100 mg)-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 71 antiretroviral-experienced, atazanavir-naive patients in virological failure (VF) on HAART. Methodology VR was defined as HIV RNA <1.7 log10 copies/ml at week 12 (W12). A clinically relevant genotype-substitutions score for atazanavir-ritonavir was developed and validated (Reyaphar substitutions score). Previously published substitutions scores were also tested. Results Patients had a median (Q1; Q3) of 6 (3; 8) previous treatment lines during 9 (7; 11) years. Baseline (W0) values were as follows: 262 (187; 435) CD4+/μl, 3.9 (2.6; 4.9) log10 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml, 4 (2; 6) protease substitutions and 3 (1; 4) NRTI-related substitutions. Respective steady-state Cmin, Cmax and AUC0→24 h were 300 (200; 700) ng/ml, 620 (430; 750) ng/ml and 78,000 (61,000; 94,000) ng.h/ml. At W12, 49% of the patients had VR with a median decrease of -1.2 (-0.5; -2.3) log10 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml. The Reyaphar score included 12 baseline protease substitutions from the International AIDS Society USA list that were associated with poorer VR: L10I/F/R/V, K20I/M/R, L24I, M46I/L, I54L/M/T/V, L63P, A71I/L/V/T, G73A/C/F/T, V77I, V82A/F/S/T, I84V, L90M and the polymorphism substitution Q58E. Comparing <5 versus ≥5 Reyaphar substitutions, the W12-W0 HIV-1 RNA decrease was -1.4 (-0.7; -2.3) versus -0.5 (-1.2; +0.5) log10 copies/ml (P=0.009) with VR in 63% versus 11% (P<10–4), respectively. This score predicted VF at W12 with 46% sensitivity, compared to 33% and 28% for the ANRS 2004 and 2005 scores. PK parameters alone were not associated with VR, but GIQ was associated with virological outcome (P=0.04). I50L, known to be correlated with atazanavir-specific resistance, emerged in 2 (8%) of the 24 failing patients with paired genotypes at W0 and VF. Conclusions These findings highlight the need to cross-validate genotype-based algorithms to interpret substitution impact on virological outcome using different patient databases before their implementation in routine clinical practice.
Phaeohyphomycosis resulting in obstructive tracheitis in three green sea turtles Chelonia mydas stranded along the Florida coast.

Three wild immature green sea turtles Chelonia mydas were found alive but lethargic on the shores of the Indian River Lagoon and Gulf of Mexico in Florida, USA, and subsequently died. Necropsy findings in all 3 turtles included partial occlusion of the trachea by a mass comprised of granulomatous inflammation. Pigmented fungal hyphae were observed within the lesion by histology and were characterized by culture and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 domain of the rRNA gene and D1/D2 region of the fungal 28s gene. The dematiaceous fungus species Veronaea botryosa was isolated from the tracheal mass in 2 cases, and genetic sequence of V. botryosa was detected by polymerase chain reaction in all 3 cases. Genetic sequencing and fungal cultures also detected other dematiaceous fungi, including a Cladosporium sp. , an Ochroconis sp. , and a Cochliobolus sp. These cases are the first report of phaeohyphomycosis caused by V. botryosa in wild marine animals.
The IIT Bombay SMT System for ICON 2014 Tools Contest

In this paper, we describe our submission to the ICON 2014 Tools Contest for Machine Translation. The source languages are English, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu, Bengali and the target language is Hindi. We submitted 15 systems; 5 each for the tourism, health and general domains. Our submission is a Phrase-based Statistical Machine Translation system with preprocessing and post-processing elements. As preprocessing, we perform source-side reordering for English-Hindi translation, and source-side word segmentation for Indian language to Hindi translation. The translation outputs were post-edited by transliterating untranslated words. Our goal was to handle key divergences between the language pairs involved by using languageindependent methods which can be scaled across Indian languages without the need for expensive annotation creation. Hence, both the transliteration model and wordsegmenter have been learnt using unsupervised techniques, whereas our source reordering works for any target Indian language. Our approach results in a cumulative increase of BLEU scores in range of 3-6 compared to baseline phrase based SMT systems, with source side segmentation contributing to a major chunk of improvement. This demonstrates that resources created using unsupervised methods can significantly improve SMT performance involving Indian languages.
A novel design for future on-demand service and security

Facing the growing on-demand service and security issues in current Internet, this paper proposed a novel idea compounding of OpenFlow, Autonomic and Locator/ID separation technologies to support on-demand service and network security. In addition, we have implemented a DDoS defender to realize autonomic self-defense concept based on OpenFlow-enabled switch.
Three-axis stabilized satellite back-stepping adaptive control

The reaction wheels (RWS) play an important role in satellite attitude control, redundant wheel can improve the reliability of system and control accuracy. Aiming at the attitude stability of satellite from unknown disturbance, a controller has been designed based on the back-stepping method and using Lyapunov methods to analyze the stability of the system. Simulation result presents the reliability and effectiveness of proposed method.
Use of the IMPACT Program for Measurement of the Depth to Diameter Relationships of Craters in the High Latitudes ( 70 ° – 80 ° ) of Mars : Implications for Geologic History of those

Introduction: As a practical test of the IMPACT program [1] automated method of measuring crater geometry, we have been exploring its use for studying the degradation history of impact craters in the polar regions of Mars. These regions hold important clues to the geologic and climate history of Mars, because this is where most of the volatiles are expected to occur. As an extension of our previous work in the northern high-latitudes of Mars, we have collected depth (d) and diameter (D) data for 460 craters in two regions in the southern high latitude (70°-80°S), Thyles and Prometheus. Both of these regions are Noachian age. The d/D data collected in these areas are compared with similar data for craters in the Hesperian age northern lowland plains from 70°-80°N (centered on about latitude 325°E) in order to search for signs of geologic processes. The latitudinal limits of the regions studied are equatorward of the latitudes where image data from Viking, MGS and MO reveal thick deposits fill craters and mantle the polar regions. In addition, for comparison purposes, similar data have been collected for craters on the Hesperian age ridged plains in Sinai Planum. The craters in this area exhibit sharp morphologies and show no signs of being mantled or severely eroded.
The Effects of Sleep Quality, Physical Activity, and Environmental Quality on the Risk of Falls in Dementia

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the effects of sleep quality, physical activity, environmental quality, age, ethnicity, sex differences, marital status, and educational level on the risk of falls in the elderly individuals with dementia. Methodology: Data were derived from a group of 1210 Malaysian elderly individuals who were noninstitutionalized and demented. The multiple logistic regression model was applied to estimate the risk of falls in respondents. Results: Approximately the prevalence of falls was 17% among the individuals. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.03), ethnicity (OR = 1.76), sleep quality (OR = 1.46), and environmental quality (OR = 0.62) significantly affected the risk of falls in individuals (P < .05). Furthermore, sex differences, marital status, educational level, and physical activity were not significant predictors of falls in samples (P > .05). Conclusion: It was found that age, ethnic non-Malay, and sleep disruption increased the risk of falls in respondents, but high environmental quality reduced the risk of falls.
Paclitaxel (Taxol) attenuates clinical disease in a spontaneously demyelinating transgenic mouse and induces remyelination

Treatment with paclitaxel by four intraperitoneal injections (20 mg/kg) 1 week apart attenuated clinical signs in a spontaneously demyelinating model, if given with onset of clinical signs. If given at 2 months of age (1 month prior to clinical signs), disease was almost completely prevented. The astrogliosis, prominent in our model, was reversed by paclitaxel as determined by astrocyte counts and quantitation of GFAP. Electron microscopic examination of affected regions at 2.5 months demonstrated that the myelin was generally normal. By 4 months of age, demyelination was common in the superior cerebellar peduncle, maximal at 6 months, but continued to 8 months. In addition to myelin vacuolation and nude axons, the presence of many thin myelin sheaths suggested remyelination or partial demyelination. Although no evidence of oligodendrocyte loss was seen, nuclear changes were observed. To substantiate that remyelination was occurring, we measured MBP (18.5 kDa), MBP-exon II, Golli-MBP, TP8, Golli-MBP-J37, platelet-derived growth factor a (PDGFRa) and sonic hedgehog (SHH). Of these TP8, PDGFRa and SHH were up-regulated in the untreated transgenic. After paclitaxel treatment, MBP-Exon II, TP8, PDGFRa and SHH were further up-regulated. We concluded that some of the effects of paclitaxel were to stimulate proteins involved in early myelinating events possibly via a signal transduction mechanism.
Patterns of Genetic Variability in Anopheles quadrimaculatis (sensu stricto) (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in Eastern Arkansas

Abstract Electrophoretically detectable isozyme differences in 15 populations of Anopheles quadrimaculatus (Say) (sensu stricto) from eastern Arkansas were compared to measure levels of genetic diversity and study the sources of the variation. All of the enzyme loci had 2–7 alleles. Average levels of polymorphism per population were 88.9%. Heterozygotes for alleles of at least 1 of the 9 loci made up an average overall loci of 0.323 ± 0.078 of the individuals examined. F-statistic analysis suggested a small, but statistically significant interpopulation differentiation of heterozygote frequency. The reduced heterozygote frequency was not attributable to the presence of more than one species in any population nor to the preferential use of oviposition habitats by certain populations within the species. Nei’s distance values for pairwise population comparisons were small (<0.06). Correlation between genetic and geographic distance matrices was not significant. Migration among populations in the agricultural areas of the Arkansas delta region is apparently sufficient to homogenize most of the genetic divergence arising because of habitat or geographic isolation between populations in the region.
The use of MMSE and MoCA in patients with acute ischemic stroke in clinical

Background: The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) are brief cognitive screening tools that have been developed for the screening of patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Methods: A total of 105 patients were included in this study, aged 53–89 years, with acute ischemic stroke admitted to hospital and fell into two groups: stroke patients with cognitive impairment (SCI) and controls with no cognitive impairment (n-SCI). The patient's characteristics are collected and regression analyses were performed to predict cognitive impairments. We use MMSE and MoCA assessment as prognostic indices for cognitive impairments of patient's with stroke. Objectives: Our aim was to examine the effectiveness of the MMSE and MoCA in screening cognitive impairments. Main results: There were significant difference among the two groups in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (p < 0.05) and intracranial atherosclerosis (p < 0.05). A linear regression determined that the age, diabetes, intracranial atherosclerosis predicted the cognitive impairments. The ROC results for MoCA with an AUC of 0.882 and the corresponding results for MMSE show a similar AUC of 0.839. Conclusion: Neuropsychological performance of stroke patients was influenced by biological and demographic variables: age, diabetes and intracranial atherosclerosis. The MoCA and MMSE are both reliable assessments for the diagnosis of cognitive impairment after stroke.