Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL ASTHMA OF THE GUINEA PIG PROVOKED BY HUMAN LUNG TISSUE

Some workers in asthma and allergy believe that, very soon, bronchial asthma may assume a sifTiiificant role in the picture of the so-called diseases due to autoaggression, to autosensitization or to autoantibodies. Such a prediction stems mainly from the clinical observation of a group of asthmatic patients, classified generally as intrinsic or essential, who, though behaving like those of the so-called allergic group, show no evidences extrinsic allergens causing symptoms. These concepts were rendered more promising when some confused problems of human pathology were explained hy mechanisms of autolmmunization.
Using a Kind of Novel Phonotactic Information for SVM Based Speaker Recognition

In this letter, we propose a new approach to SVM based speaker recognition, which utilizes a kind of novel phonotactic information as the feature for SVM modeling. Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) have been proven extremely successful for text-independent speaker recognition. The GMM universal background model (UBM) is a speaker-independent model, each component of which can be considered as modeling some underlying phonetic sound classes. We assume that the utterances from different speakers should get different average posterior probabilities on the same Gaussian component of the UBM, and the supervector composed of the average posterior probabilities on all components of the UBM for each utterance should be discriminative. We use these supervectors as the features for SVM based speaker recognition. Experiment results on a NIST SRE 2006 task show that the proposed approach demonstrates comparable performance with the commonly used systems. Fusion results are also presented.
Surface‐exposed phenylalanines in the RNP1/RNP2 motif stabilize the cold‐shock protein CspB from Bacillus subtilis

In the cold‐shock protein CspB from Bacillus subtilis three exposed Phe residues (F15, F17, and F27) are essential for its function in binding to single‐stranded nucleic acids. Usually, the hydrophobic Phe side chains are buried in folded proteins. We asked here whether the exposition of the essential Phe residues could be a cause for the very low conformational stability of CspB. Urea‐induced and heat‐induced equilibrium unfolding transitions were measured for three mutants of CspB, where Phe 15, Phe 17, and Phe 27 were individually replaced by alanine. Unexpectedly, all three mutations strongly destabilized CspB. The aromatic side chains of Phe 15, Phe 17, and Phe 27 in the active site are thus important for both binding to nucleic acids and conformational stability. There is no compromise between function and stability in the active site. Model calculations indicate that, although they are partially exposed to solvent, all three Phe residues nevertheless lose accessible surface upon folding, and this should favor the native state. A different result is obtained with the F38A variant. Phe 38 is hyperexposed in native CspB, and its substitution by Ala is in fact stabilizing. Proteins 30:401–406, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dual origin of melanocytes defined by Sox1 expression and their region‐specific distribution in mammalian skin

Melanocytes are pigment‐producing cells generated from neural crest cells (NCCs) that delaminate from the dorsal neural tube. The widely accepted premise that NCCs migrating along the dorsolateral pathway are the main source of melanocytes in the skin was recently challenged by the finding that Schwann cell precursors are the major cellular source of melanocytes in the skin. Still, in a wide variety of vertebrate embryos, melanocytes are exclusively derived from NCCs. In this study, we show that a NCC population that is not derived from Sox1+ dorsal neuroepithelial cells but are derived from Sox1− cells differentiate into a significant population of melanocytes in the skin of mice. Later, these Sox1− cells clearly segregate from cells that originated from Sox1+ dorsal neuroepithelial cell‐derived NCCs. The possible derivation of Sox1− cells from epidermal cells also strengthens their non‐neuroepithelial origin.
Development of fuzzy muscle contraction and activation model using multi-objective optimisation

Characterization of electrically stimulated muscle is complex because of the non-linearity and time-varying nature of the system with interdependent variables. The muscle model consists of relatively well known time-invariant passive properties and uncertain time-variant active properties. The objective of this study is to develop an active properties model that can be implemented in biomechanical models of the lower extremities, which are generally used for the simulation of joint movements such as walking and cycling, A new approach for dynamic characterization of active properties (combination of muscle contraction and activation) of the quadriceps muscle using fuzzy model by optimizing with multi objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) is presented. MOGA is used with two objectives; to minimize the prediction error to fit the experimental data and reduce the weighting factors of the fuzzy rules to minimize the complexity of the fuzzy model. The results show that the knee joint model developed gives an accurate dynamic characterization of active properties of the knee joint.
Functional Characterization of the Promoter of the X-linked Ectodermal Dysplasia Gene*

Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (EDA) is a disorder characterized by poor development of hair, teeth, and sweat glands, and results from lesions in the X-linked EDA gene. We have cloned a 1.6-kilobase 5′-flanking region of the human EDA gene and used it to analyze features of transcriptional regulation. Primer extension analysis located a single transcription initiation site 264 base pairs (bp) upstream of the translation start site. When the intact cloned fragment or truncated derivatives were placed upstream of a reporter luciferase gene and transfected into a series of cultured cells, expression comparable with that conferred by an SV40 promoter-enhancer was observed. The region lacks a TATA box sequence, and basal transcription from the unique start site is dependent on two binding sites for the Sp1 transcription factor. One site lies 38 bp 5′ to the transcription start site, in a 71-bp sequence that is sufficient to support up to 35% of maximal transcription. The functional importance of the Sp1 sites was demonstrated when cotransfection of an Sp1 expression vector transactivated the EDA promoter in the SL2Drosophila cell line that otherwise lacks endogenous Sp1. Also, both Sp1 binding sites were active in footprinting and gel shift assays in the presence of either crude HeLa cell nuclear extract or purified Sp1 and lost activity when the binding sites were mutated. A second region involved in positive control was localized to a 40-bp sequence between −673 and −633 bp. This region activated an SV40 minimal promoter 4- to 5-fold in an orientation-independent manner and is thus inferred to contain an enhancer region.
Secure Remote Backup Protection of Transmission Lines Using Synchrophasors

We consider the problem of detecting a fault on a transmission line from the residual vector of a synchrophasor state estimator (SynSE). For a transmission line under fault, we identify six operating modes depending upon location of the phasor measurement units (PMUs). We show that in five operating modes, the fault is seen in the residual vector while in one mode, the fault will not reflect in the residual vector. The analysis leads us to propose a remote backup protection scheme for supervised zone-3 operation of distance relays. In case of inadequate PMU penetration in the system, the implementation of SynSE can even be restricted to a small subsystem of critical lines.
The S phase of the cell cycle and its perturbation by human cytomegalovirus

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a complex human herpesvirus that is known to productively infect a wide range of cell types. In addition, it has been suggested to contribute to some proliferative disorders, particularly atherosclerosis. Consistent with this, a number of studies have shown that HCMV profoundly affects normal cell cycle control. Specifically, the virus can stimulate early entry into S phase thus ensuring adequate resources for viral DNA replication. Importantly, however, the virus concomitantly inhibits potentially competing cellular DNA synthesis allowing cellular precursors to be used for viral but not cellular DNA replication. The mechanisms by which HCMV perturbs S phase entry involve interactions between the virus and the cellular replication machinery such that formation of competent pre‐replication complexes (Pre‐RC) at cellular origins of replication is restricted in infected cells. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lamb‐Wave Embedded NDE with Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring of Thin‐Wall Structures

Piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) are inexpensive, non‐intrusive, unobtrusive devices that can be surface‐mounted on existing structures or inserted between the layers of new composite structures. The PWAS can be used in both active and passive modes. PWAS generate and detect Lamb waves and enable the development of embedded NDE concepts. This paper will present two embedded NDE concepts based on the PWAS technology and Lamb waves approach. The first concept utilizes traveling Lamb waves and could be described as embedded ultrasonics. It is shown that embedded PWAS are able to reproduce most of the conventional ultrasonic techniques, such as pitch‐catch, pulse‐echo, and phased array. Several experiments using Lamb waves traveling in thin‐wall structures are presented.
Serum Calprotectin Level for Diagnosis and detection of Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background: Early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and timely detection of progression are global challenges. However, lack of sensitivity and imprecision of the currently available biomarkers have impaired the ability to implement potentially effective therapies in a timely manner. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of serum calprotectin in diagnosis as well as assessment of rheumatoid arthritis activity. Methods: serum calprotectin levels were measured in 60 Egyptian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (35 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis vs. 25 patients with quiescent disease) and 20 healthy subjects who served as a control group. Results: Serum calprotectin showed a highly significant elevation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, its level showed a highly significant increase during disease activity. Significant positive correlations were found between serum calprotectin and other markers of disease activity (ESR, CRP, WBCs, and platelets). Serum calprotectin at a cut- off level of 450 ng /mL, had 75% sensitivity &90% specificity for diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Optimum cut-off level of calprotectin for prediction of disease activity was 950 ng /mL with 80% sensitivity, 76% specificity. Conclusion: serum calprotectin is a promising marker for diagnosis and monitoring of disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
A non-adaptive approach to the problem of tracking uncertain oscillations

This paper considers the problem of output regulation for nonlinear, possibly non-minimum phase, systems, in the presence of parameter-uncertain exosystems. The proposed result relies upon a framework recently proposed by the authors to deal with the presence of unstable zero dynamics in nonlinear output regulation. An interesting aspect of the theory presented in the paper is given by the fact that the internal model-based regulator is designed without using adaptation strategies as classically done in the literature on adaptive output regulation. Limits of performance linking the properties of the zero dynamics of the regulated plant and of the exosystem can be obtained as nice byproduct of the result.
Estimation of the extent of neural activation in electrical stimulation of the central nervous system

In many applications of electrical stimulation, it is desirable to know to which extent neurons are activated by applying a certain electrical stimulus. Recently, a new method based on refractory interaction technique is developed to estimate the spatial extent of neural activation and its superior accuracy and robustness was demonstrated in comparison to the previous methods. In this study, computer simulations were performed to evaluate the performance of this method in stimulation of CNS, where neural interactions may complicate the input-output relationship of the stimulated tissue. The results demonstrate that the method is robust to the effects of interactions.
Optical properties of a suspension of metal spheres.

The Mie theory is used to find the in situ electric dipole polarizability of a sphere of arbitrary size and material. This size-dependent polarizability, together with the Clausius-Mossotti equation, yields an effective dipole generalization of the Maxwell Garnett equation for spheres of nonzero size. Calculated effective optical constants are used to find the reflectance from a suspension of Ag spheres. The results are in good agreement with the recent reflectance measurements of Lee et al. [Phys. Rev. B 37, 2918 (1988)] on porous glass media containing Ag particles.
A Model with Endogenous Programme Participation: Evaluating the Tax Credit in France

This paper provides new estimates of the impact of the French tax credit on the employment outcomes of women. We model simultaneously the employment probability and the determinants of programme eligibility. We improve on earlier studies in this field that, using a single evaluation equation framework, predicted ex-ante programme eligibility. Within this framework, we also allow for hours responses. The data for the analysis are drawn from the French labour force surveys of years 1999 to 2002. We find no significant impact of the tax credit on either employment or hours of French women.
Fate of Pesticides in a Distilled Spirit of Barley Shochu during the Distillation Process

Moromi (the fermented mash) of “mugi shochu” that had been artificially contaminated with pesticides was distilled to elucidate the fate of pesticides in the distillation process. The pesticides residing in the distillate were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Of the analyzed pesticides (249 compounds), 89% were not detected in the distillate, showing that the distillation process minimized the risk of pesticide contamination.
A new geometrical approach for solving the supervised pattern recognition problem

This paper explores the supervised pattern recognition problem based on feature partitioning. This formulation leads to a new problem in computational geometry. The supervised pattern recognition problem is formulated as an heuristic good clique cover problem satisfying the k-nearest neighbors rule. First it is applied a heuristic algorithm for partitioning a graph into a minimal number of cliques. Next cliques are merged using the k-nearest neighbors rule. An important advantage of this approach is the decomposition of a problem involving l classes into l optimization problems involving a single class. The computational complexity of the method, computational procedures, and classification rules are discussed. A geometrical interpretation of the solution is also given. Using the proposed approach, the geometrical structure of the training set is utilized in the best possible way.
An Analysis of a Communication Training Program for Chinese Managers

This research is based on an analysis of a management communication training program used by one large US international hotel company to train newly promoted supervisors and managers in Hong Kong and mainland China. The key communication competencies emphasized in the training materials were listening effectively, giving and receiving feedback, using verbal language correctly, using effective nonverbal communication, and displaying empathy. Implications of this study indicate that planning and executing any communication training program must be done mindfully, which includes comprehensive follow-up through reassessment and coaching by the upper managers in order to support employees' transfer of training.
Females in the Juvenile Justice System

Increasing numbers of female youth involved in the juvenile justice system highlight the need to examine this population. This study enumerates distinct profiles of risk and protection among juvenile court-involved females, examining young adult outcomes associated with these profiles. Administrative data on 700 participants were drawn from multiple service sectors in a Midwest metropolitan region. Latent class and Pearson chi-square analyses were used. Five unique classes were identified; these classes were associated with young adult outcomes. One class of impoverished African American females was most likely to experience problematic young adult outcomes but least likely to have received juvenile justice services. Findings highlight the heterogeneity in the female juvenile court population and discrepancies between service needs and service receipt.
Effect of probenecid on breathing movements and cerebral clearance of prostaglandin E2 in fetal sheep

1 Intravenous infusion of probencid (79‐160 mg kg−1) into unanaesthetized fetal sheep (127‐143 days gestation) in utero significantly decreased the incidence and amplitude of spontaneous breathing movements, but did not change the incidence of low voltage electrocortical (ECoG) activity, plasma prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations, blood gases or pH. 2 In fetuses pretreated with paracetamol (350 mg kg−1) to inhibit PG synthase activity, infusion of probenecid did not change the mean incidence or amplitude of breathing movements, indicating that the inhibitory effect of probenecid on breathing movements required the presence of active PG synthesis. 3 Probenecid infusion in four unanaesthetized fetuses significantly increased the PGE2 concentrations in cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by 6.6 ± 1.5‐fold (P < 0.05). 4 In pentobarbitone‐anaesthetized, exteriorized fetuses, probenecid infusion decreased the clearance of [3H]PGE2 from CSF during ventriculo‐cisternal perfusion of artificial CSF containing [3H]PGE2. 5 These results suggest that there is active transport of PGs from CSF to blood in fetal sheep from at least 127 days gestation. Inhibition of this transport results in the accumulation of PGs within interstitial fluid of the brain, one effect of which is to suppress the spontaneous activity of the respiratory centres.
The performance comparison between TCP Reno and TCP Vegas

Following the development of TCP Vegas, the performance comparison between TCP Reno and TCP Vegas has not been discussed thoroughly. The discussion of the revised TCP version, TCP Vegas, remains insufficient to decide whether or not to use it. This paper attempts to compare the performance, throughput and fairness, of Reno and Vegas in the network environments with homogeneous and heterogeneous versions of TCP. Results in this study indicate that while TCP Vegas obtains better throughput and fairness in homogeneous cases, it fails to outperform Reno in heterogeneous cases. This phenomenon prevents users from adopting TCP Vegas despite its better performance.
SCD1 is required for cell cytokinesis and polarized cell expansion in Arabidopsis thaliana

In the leaf epidermis, guard mother cells undergo a stereotyped symmetric division to form the guard cells of stomata. We have identified a temperature-sensitive Arabidopsis mutant, stomatal cytokinesis-defective 1-1 (scd1-1), which affects this specialized division. At the non-permissive temperature, 22°C, defective scd1-1 guard cells are binucleate, and the formation of their ventral cell walls is incomplete. Cytokinesis was also disrupted in other types of epidermal cells such as pavement cells. Further phenotypic analysis of scd1-1 indicated a role for SCD1 in seedling growth, root elongation and flower morphogenesis. More severe scd1 T-DNA insertion alleles (scd1-2 and scd1-3) markedly affect polar cell expansion, most notably in trichomes and root hairs. SCD1 is a unique gene in Arabidopsis that encodes a protein related to animal proteins that regulate intracellular protein transport and/or mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Consistent with a role for SCD1 in membrane trafficking, secretory vesicles were found to accumulate in cytokinesis-defective scd1 cells. In addition the scd1 mutant phenotype was enhanced by low doses of inhibitors of cell plate consolidation and vesicle secretion. We propose that SCD1 functions in polarized vesicle trafficking during plant cytokinesis and cell expansion.
Limestone In Islamic Religious Architecture: İstanbul And Turkish Thrace

Bu calismada, Istanbul ve Trakya’daki Turk Islam mimarisinde kullanilan kirectasinin litolojik ozellikleri ile tas bozunmalarinin degerlendirilmesi ve korunmasiyla ilgili bazi oneriler uzerinde durulmustur. Makalede, Trakya’da yaygin olarak kullanilan kirectasinin davranisini karakterize etmek icin disiplinlerarasi bir yaklasim sunulmustur. Arastirmada ozellikle basta Dogu Trakya Havza’sinda farkli kirectasi ocaklarindan alinarak geleneksel yapilarin yapiminda kullanilmis olan yapi taslarinin paleontolojik yapisi incelenerek fosillerin saptanmasiyla eski jeolojik donemlerdeki yasam bicimleri incelenmistir. Gunumuzde, kirectaslarinin ayrismaya karsi tepkilerinin tam olarak bilinmesi, anitlarin korunmasiyla ilgili calismalarda en onemli veri olarak degerlendirilmektedir. Ortamdaki karmasik kimyasal, mineralojik, biyolojik verilere paleontolojik parametrelerin de eklenmesiyle, kultur varliklari geri donusu olmayan bir bozunma surecine girmektedirler.
A Novel Approach of Detection and Mitigation of DDOS Attack

-We are in the era of internet and depend on it for every necessary requirement. It is the tendency of the some human to have destructive approach rather than having constructive approach. Among the abuse and misuse of internet, the distributed denial of service attack (DDOS) is the most hectic one. People have carried out various method of mitigation using the CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing Test to tell Computer and Human Apart) technique, but frequent use of CAPTCHA test for every access may turn the legitimate client away from the server. So our proposed mechanism tries to impose CAPTCHA test only after finding the suspected clients instead of applying to all the clients. The suspected clients have to go through a CAPTCHA test in order to get the access to the server. In our experiment we considered the slowloris attack which is one of the application layer DDOS attack. Keywords----Botnets, captcha, denial of service, filtering, intrusion, mitigation.
Byzantine Fault Tolerance in MDS of Grid System

Fault tolerance is a challenge problem in reliable distributed system. In grid, detecting and correcting fault techniques is used in fault tolerance of MDS system. These techniques are limited in dealing with the benign faults on servers and the Internet. But they will not work when malicious faults on servers or software errors occur. In this paper, a secure aware MDS system, which can tolerate malicious faults occurred on servers, is proposed. By using a new Byzantine-fault-tolerant algorithm, the proposed MDS system guarantees safety and liveness properties under the condition that no more than f replicas are faulty if it consists of 3f+1 tightly coupled servers, and it maintains the seamless interfaces to application programs as the usual formal MDS system does