Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Five popular misconceptions about osmosis

Osmosis is the flow of solvent across a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower to higher solute concentration. It is of central importance in plant and animal physiology and finds many uses in industry. A survey of published papers, web resources, and current textbooks reveals that numerous misconceptions about osmosis continue to be cited and taught. To clarify these issues, we re-derive the thermodynamics of osmosis using the canonical formalism of statistical mechanics and go on to discuss the main points that continue to lead to misunderstandings.
STYLIZATION TO MANAGE COMPREHENSIVE AND PARTICIPATIVE LOCAL URBAN PLANS

3D geo-visualization is more and more used and appreciated to support public participation, and is generally used to present predesigned planned projects. Nevertheless, other participatory processes may benefit from such technology such as the elaboration of urban planning documents. In this article, we present one of the objectives of the PLU++ project: the design of a 3D geo-visualization system that eases the participation concerning local urban plans. Through a pluridisciplinary approach, it aims at covering the different aspects of such a system: the simulation of built configurations to represent regulation information, the efficient stylization of these objects to make people understand their meanings and the interaction between 3D simulation and stylization. The system aims at being adaptive according to the participation context and to the dynamic of the participation. It will offer the possibility to modify simulation results and the rendering styles of the 3D representations to support participation. The proposed 3D rendering styles will be used in a set of practical experiments in order to test and validate some hypothesis from past researches of the project members about 3D simulation, 3D semiotics and knowledge about uses.
Family ties: occupational responses to cope with a household income shock

In this paper we analyse household members’ reactions in case of unforeseen negative income shocks due to a transition into unemployment and/or into income support. More specifically, we estimate the impact of an income loss suffered by one household member on the probability that another household member – not necessarily the wife - transit from out of the labour force into employment or into workforce. Since in a lifecycle setting the labour supply of secondary workers is also affected by credit constraints, we take into account financial wealth and liabilities as well as a measure of household illiquidity due to housing. To perform our analyses, we use a discrete choice model and data drawn from the Bank of Italy Survey on Household Income and Wealth (SHIW) over the period 2004-2012, so as to include the effects of the Great Recession. Even after accounting for standard socio-economic controls, results show significant reactions to income shocks, especially during the recession. As for portfolio controls, we find a significant difference (mostly in terms of intercept, but also of slope) between the level of illiquidity and labour market participation for households hit/not hit by a shock.
Unifying micro-agent communication in the Otago Agent Platform (OPAL)

Multi-agent frameworks are broadly available in the meanwhile. Nearly all of them however understand the agent concept differently, going as far as to provide several agent concepts within a platform. Along with this performance results of selected platforms allow to identify two clusters defined either by efficiency of processing or expressiveness of interaction language. As the only platform being related to both clusters the Otago Agent Platform (OPAL) which uses the efficiency-driven concept of ’Micro-agents’ is reviewed. As a result of the analysis the current implementation of the Micro-agents is considered to be too intransparent to allow monitoring at runtime or even cross-platform interaction. As such the implementation of a unified message infrastructure is suggested to simplify development of micro-agent interaction and provide monitoring capabilities while minimizing the loss of efficiency. The integration of Clojure as functional language is further considered to provide improved facilities for concurrent processing, usability and additional agent implementation languages. The results of the hybrid imperative-functional implementation are behind the expected outcome as the runtime takes about five times as long as the original runtime. The results still offer potential for adoption as of the usability improvements and the fact that they are still far below the runtime of the slowest platform in the comparison. The choice of Clojure as language base for the whole platform is believed to be a promising next step to improve performance and avoid switching between different programming paradigms while keeping the improvements achieved. Further research with regards to a stronger integration of concepts of Agent-Oriented Software Engineering in the amended OPAL is suggested.
Analysis of Household Expenditure on Education in Cyprus

This paper investigates household expenditure on education in Cyprus and analyses factors affecting the level of education using data from the Family Expenditure Surveys 1996/7, 2002/3 and 2008/9. The results obtained show that the level of education expenditure increases with income across years. In addition, the proportion of households spending on private tutorials range between 60-90% at primary and secondary education levels, while the variation of this proportion over income groups is almost nonexistent. In empirical analysis the most profound factors affecting the level of household expenditure on education are income, number of children in household, region of residence and head’s age and education. However, education and age of head appears to diminish over time. The findings can have implications for a wide range of issues regarding educational policies in Cyprus.
Converting CCGs into typed feature structure grammars

In this paper, we report on a transformation scheme that turns a Categorial Grammar, more specifically, a Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG; see Baldridge, 2002) into a derivation- and meaning-preserving typed feature structure (TFS) grammar. We describe the main idea which can be traced back at least to work by Karttunen (1986), Uszkoreit (1986), Bouma (1988), and Calder et al. (1988). We then show how a typed representation of complex categories can be extended by other constraints, such as modes, and indicate how the Lambda semantics of combinators is mapped into a TFS representation, using unification to perform perform alpha-conversion and beta-reduction (Barendregt, 1984). We also present first findings concerning runtime measurements, showing that the PET system, originally developed for the HPSG grammar framework, outperforms the OpenCCG parser by a factor of 8–10 in the time domain and a factor of 4–5 in the space domain.
In vitro digestibility and nutritional characterization of distillers dried grains with solubles according to the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System

Foram avaliadas as fracoes da proteina e dos carboidratos de graos secos de destilaria com soluveis (GSDS), grao de milho (GM), farelo de soja (FS), e silagem de milho (SM), e a digestibilidade in vitro (CDIV) do GSDS, GM, FS, SM e de racoes contendo a inclusao de 0,0%; 8,0%; 16,0% e 24,0% de GSDS, bem como os parâmetros de fermentacao in vitro apos 24 horas de incubacao. O GSDS foi obtido apos processo de fermentacao microbiana para a producao do etanol, de uma destilaria de flex de acucar e alcool localizada no estado de Mato Grosso - Brasil. Para determinacao das fracoes proteicas e de carboidratos dos alimentos experimentais foi utilizado Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System – CNCPS. Para o ensaio de digestao in vitro dos nutrientes dos alimentos experimentais e das racoes experimentais foram utilizados dois ovinos com peso corporal medio de 26 kg, como doadores de inoculo. O ensaio de digestibilidade in vitro dos alimentos e das racoes foi conduzido com tres repeticoes de campo. A fracao A da PB do GSDS apresentou valores 88%, 71% e 37% menores em relacao a fracao A do FS, GM e SM, respectivamente. A fracao B2 da proteina do GSDS apresentou um teor de 21% da PB, o que representa 78,84% da proteina do GSDS na fracao B2, valor superior ao do FS, que foi de 70,44%. A fracao B3 da PB, a qual parte escapa da fermentacao ruminal foi 18% menor para o FS em relacao ao GSDS, expresso em % da PB. Para o fracionamento de carboidratos, o GSDS apresentou um valor para a fracao A+ B1 de 8,64% na MS resultado inferior em 62%; 86% e 74% aos obtidos para o FS, GM e SM. O GSDS apresentou teores de hemicelulose e celulose superior ao FS, como verificado na fracao B2, com valor de 46,92 % expresso na MS. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade in vitro (CDIV) dos nutrientes do GSDS nao diferiu (p > 0,05) em relacao aos demais alimentos experimentais. A inclusao do GSDS em racoes formuladas para ovinos nao alterou (p > 0,05) o CDIV da MS; MO; PB; FDN e FDA, com valores medios de 70,93%; 70,64%; 59,58%; 52,83% e 43,40%, respectivamente. Desta maneira, conclui-se que o grao seco de destilaria com soluveis apresenta-se como alimento proteico com mais de 70% da PB na fracao B2 e possui levada quantidade de carboidratos ligados a parede celular. Alem disso, o grao seco de destilaria com soluveis apresenta um coeficiente de digestibilidade semelhante ao do grao de milho e ao farelo de soja, contudo, este pode ser incluido em ate 24% nas formulacoes de racoes para ruminantes sem alterar o coeficiente de digestibilidade in vitro dos nutrientes.
Exploring macrocontingencies and metacontingencies: Experimental and non-Experimental contributions

El estudio de practicas culturales es originalmente un foco de las ciencias sociales, especialmente durante los estudios seminales en antropologia y sociologia, influyendo, posteriormente, en otras areas. En Analisis del Comportamiento, un enfoque psicologico, Skinner enfatizo la importancia de los estudios en comportamiento social conllevando instituciones y grupos grandes, ya en 1953 en su libro "Science and Human Behavior". En la decada de 1980 Glenn aporto una contribucion significativa para el area proponiendo los conceptos de macrocontingencia y metacontingencia. Su innovacion ha sido seguida por muchos estudios averiguando la contribucion de adoptar esos conceptos para el analisis de las practicas culturales. El presente articulo presenta algunas lineas de investigaciones no-experimentales y experimentales que se centran en el mantenimiento y la transmision de las practicas culturales. Elementos de la metacontingencia y macrocontingencias fueran analizados en el sistema publico de salud brasileno y en interacciones familiares. Se describen igualmente las micro-sociedades de laboratorios como una herramienta de investigacion que intenta revelar las relaciones de contingencia en grupos pequenos. Se han observado en estos estudios Consecuencias Culturales relacionadas a la funcion de seleccion de culturantes. Adicionalmente se presentan sugerencias para una futura investigacion de otras variables que puedan mejorar la comprension de la seleccion de practicas culturales
Free-living marine nematodes from hydrothermal sediments: similarities with communities from diverse reduced habitats

The meiofauna of hydrothermal deep-sea sediments in the North Fiji Basin (NE Pacific) was investigated. Nematodes were the dominant taxon. The structure of the hydrothermal nematode communities from the Fiji Basin is compared with (1) the communities from adjacent oxic deep-sea sediments. ( 2 ) other hydrothermal vent areas and (3) shallow reduced environments such as cold seeps and subsurface anoxic sediments of eutrophic bottoms. Although the genus composition of the hydrothermal area and the biodiversity on a generic or functional-morphological level did not deviate greatly from the control areas, we found differences at the species level and in the size spectra and the species diversity. None of the species found in the hydrothermal sediments occurred in the surrounding areas. The size spectra of the vent communities was shifted towards larger nematodes, and species diversity was much lower in the hydrothermal area. The similarity in nematode genus composition between hydrothermal sites and control areas stands in contrast with the presence of a specialized endemic hydrothermal macrofauna. The absence of a planktonic life stage, in combination with small size, makes i t more difficult for nematode species to migrate between isolated hydrothermal patches.
GRAFEC: A New Spanish Program to Investigate Waste Management Options for Radioactive Graphite - 12399

Spain has to manage about 3700 tons of irradiated graphite from the reactor Vandellos I as radioactive waste. 2700 tons are the stack of the reactor and are still in the reactor core waiting for retrieval. The rest of the quantities, 1000 tons, are the graphite sleeves which have been already retrieved from the reactor. During operation the graphite sleeves were stored in a silo and during the dismantling stage a retrieval process was carried out separating the wires from the graphite, which were crushed and introduced into 220 cubic containers of 6 m 3 each and placed in interim storage. The graphite is an intermediate level radioactive waste but it contains long lived radionuclides like 14 C which disqualifies disposal at the low level waste repository of El Cabril. Therefore, a new project has been started in order to investigate two new options for the management of this waste type. The first one is based on a selective decontamination of 14 C by thermal methods. This method is based on results obtained at the Research Centre Julich (FZJ) in the Frame of the EC programs “Raphael” and “Carbowaste. The process developed at FZJ is based on a preferential oxidation of 14 C in comparison to the bulk 12 C [1, 2, 3, 4,5]. Explanations for this effect are the inhomogeneous distribution and a weaker bounding of 14 C which is not incorporated in the graphite lattice. However these investigations have only been performed with graphite from the high temperature reactor Arbeitsgemeinschaft Versuchsreaktor Julich AVR which has been operated in a non-oxidising condition or research reactor graphite operated at room temperature. The reactor Vandellos I has been operated with CO2 as coolant and significant amounts of graphite have been already oxidised. The aim of the project is to validate whether a 14 C decontamination can also been achieved with graphite from Vandellos I. A second possibility under investigation is the encapsulation of the graphite in a long term stable glass matrix. The principal applicability has been already proved by FNAG [6, 7]. Crushed graphite mixed with a suitable glass powder has been pressed at elevated temperature under vacuum. The vacuum is required to avoid gas enclosures in the obtained product. The obtained products, named IGM for “Impermeable Graphite Matrix”, have densities above 99% of theoretical density. The amount of glass has been chosen with respect to the pore volume of the former graphite parts. The method allows the production of encapsulated graphite without increasing the disposal volume. This paper will give a short overview of characterisation results of different irradiated graphite materials obtained at CIEMAT and in the Carbowaste project as well as the proposed methods and the actual status of the program including first results about leaching of non-radioactive IGM
A PILOT STUDY ON FACTORS AFFECTING THE USE OF FROG VIRTUAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT

Many studies (Al-alak & Alnawas, 2011; Ana Haziqah, 2014; Ferdousi, 2009; Goh, 2011; Mbengo, 2014; Nurul, 2014) have been carried out to study factors that affect the successful implementation of virtual learning based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The Auditor-General’s 2013 report (National Audit Department, 2014) has shown that the implementation of virtual learning using Frog Virtual Learning Environment (Frog VLE) among schools in Malaysia is less than 5%. It is the interest of this research to study the factors that influence the use of Frog VLE among lecturers in the Teacher Education Institute since not many such studies have been carried out in Malaysia (Ana Haziqah, 2014; Goh, 2011; Ministry of Finance, 2014, pp. 216; Nurul, 2014). The present study is a pilot study involving 32 lecturers in a Teacher Education Institute in Sarawak. Data was collected using survey questions based on TAM. The findings showed that attitude is the main factor that influenced the use of Frog VLE among the lecturers. Other minor factors affecting the use are the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of the system. Factors like technological complexity, facilitating conditions and self-efficacy do not have direct significant influence on the use of the system by the users. In conclusion, implications of the findings and suggestions for further research are put forward.
Multi-agent systems in control engineering: a survey

Publisher Statement: This article has been retracted as it is found to contain a substantial amount of material, while without referencing, from the two papers which are: Multi-Agent Systems for Power Engineering ApplicationsPart I: Concepts, Approaches, and Technical Challenges, McArthur, S. D. J.; Davidson, E. M. ; Catterson, V. M. ; Dimeas, A. L. ; Hatziargyriou, N. D. ; Ponci, F. ; Funabashi, T. , IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1743-1752, Nov. 2007. Multi-Agent Systems for Power Engineering ApplicationsPart II: Technologies, Standards, and Tools for Building Multi-agent Systems, McArthur, S. D. J.; Davidson, E. M. ; Catterson, V. M. ; Dimeas, A. L. ; Hatziargyriou, N. D. ; Ponci, F. ; Funabashi, T. , IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1753-1759, Nov. 2007.
Major Approaches towards Understanding Smart Cities Concept

still no clear understanding of the meaning of this phenomenon, of its main characteristics and conditionsnecessary for its realization.According to one approach, the city can be determined as smart if it is fully equipped with information andcommunication technologies and rendering e-services to population. While another emphasize on complex citydevelopment, and consider the presence of ubiquitous information and communication technologies just as aninstrument of harmonizing city development.Modern smart city should not only be technologically developed but it should also provide a new better qualityof life and create more opportunities for the harmonious life and development for its citizens. “Smart city” canbecome an effective instrument of turning the economy to intensive and sustainable, and become a possiblesolution of a conflict between artificial and natural habitat only with this approach. In that sense “smart city” isthe only possibility of the future existence in the technologic society.
On the Limited p-Schur Property of Some Operator Spaces

We introduce and study the notion of limited $p$-Schur property ($1\leq p\leq\infty$) of Banach spaces. Also, we establish some necessary and sufficient conditions under which some operator spaces have the limited $p$-Schur property. In particular, we prove that if $X$ and $Y$ are two Banach spaces such that $X$ contains no copy of $\ell_1$ and $Y$ has the limited $p$-Schur property, then $K(X,Y)$ (the space of all compact operators from $X$ into $Y$) has the limited $p$-Schur property.
The Effect of Management Information System (MIS) on Warehouse Operation Efficiency in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)

Due to the globalization, warehousing activities ar e now becoming significantly crucial to ensure its effectiveness and efficiency of receiving, storing and handling of goods and materials in the manufact uring firms. Thus it creates the pivotal roles of logistics supp ort in exporting the goods to other destination and also as an excellent hub with accurate information of timely d elivery, receiving of materials and goods through e fficient MIS networking. The objectives of this paper are to see whether there is any relationship between the warehousing operation (WO) and warehouse efficiency (WE), to examine the mediating effect of warehousi ng MIS (WM) in the relationship between warehousing operations and warehouse efficiency and to determine whether there is any relationship between the wareh ousing operations and warehousing MIS. This paper would focus only on Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs) Manufacturing sector in Peninsular Malaysia, register ed under the Small and Medium Industries Development Corporation (SMIDEC). Overall 187 SMEs were involved in this study. Questionnaires (42 questions) were g iven to owners, factory managers or warehouse managers or warehouse section heads. All the SMEs involved came from various sectors such as food & beverages, met al & metal products, wood & wood products, paper and printing publication, machinery & engineering, plastic s products, electrical & electronics, non-metallic mi neral product, petro chemical and chemical, transpo rt equipment, rubber & rubber products, and leather. F indings showed that, there is a strong relationship between WO and WE with its correlation coefficient 0.772. B ased on p-value 0.00, the study found that it is very significance. Based on the Sobel, Aroian and Goodman tests showed that the results are significant, p < 0.05. It had confirmed that the Warehousing MIS mediates the relationship between the Warehousing Operations and Warehouse Efficiency. Finally there is a strong rel ationship between WO and WM with the significance correlation 0.375 and correlation coefficient based on p-value 0.00. The results indicate the important of warehouse efficiency in the manufacturing firms. Th e warehouse operations and MIS are the main basic variables for process management improvement in making the warehouse to be efficient and firm performa nce achievable. It is through the warehousing MIS media tion to the warehousing operations that mediate pos itively to its relationship over the warehouse efficiency.
A detection and annotation system for internet new words in Taiwan

In this paper, a system for detecting and annotating Internet New Words, especially used by young men in Taiwan is proposed. At first, an Internet server for dealing with detection and annotation of New Words is constructed. Some of the information retrieval, database, and dynamic Web programming techniques, especially a detecting strategy for New Words are adopted and developed in the server for achieving the goal. At last, not only the overall performance of the system is good, but also the system does provide a nice tool for teachers or parents who want to know what their students or children are talking about and thinking about during the New Words are used in their speaking or writing.
Interpersonal Sensitivity and Problematic Facebook Use in Turkish University Students

Abstract Facebook has held vital importance for socialization for university students, and has occasionally becomes problematic for them. As personality traits may have impacts on problematic Facebook use, the purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between problematic Facebook use and interpersonal sensitivity among Turkish university students. Participants included 349 university students (224 female, 125 male; Mage = 20.83 yr.) who answered a questionnaire package that included the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, the Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure and a Personal Information Form. The relationship between problematic Facebook use and the three subscales of interpersonal sensitivity that are interpersonal worry and dependency, low self-esteem, and unassertive interpersonal behavior were examined by using correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. According to the results, the scores on the problematic Facebook use scale were predicted positively (32%) by subscales of interpersonal sensitivity. These findings were discussed in light of the social compensation theory.