Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new approach for high-frequency FET noise modeling

Based on the active line concept, a novel approach for calculating the noise performance of MM-wave high frequency FETs is proposed. Three coupled lines, excited by noise sources distributed on them, as a new noise modeling of microwave FETs is discussed. Some results using this approach have presented for a microwave MESFET.
Minimisation of power dissipation during test application in full-scan sequential circuits using primary input freezing

The paper describes a new technique for minimising power dissipation in full-scan sequential circuits during test application. The technique increases the correlation between successive states, during shifting in test vectors and shifting out test responses by reducing spurious transitions during test application. The reduction is achieved by freezing the primary input part of the test vector until the smallest transition count is obtained which leads to lower power dissipation. The paper presents a new algorithm which determines the primary input change time, such that maximum saving in transition count is achieved with respect to a given test vector and scan latch order. It is shown how combining the proposed technique with the recently reported scan latch and test vector ordering yields further reductions in power dissipation during test application. Exhaustive experimental results using compact and noncompact test sets demonstrate substantial savings in power dissipation using a simulated annealing-based design space exploration. As an example, saving of 34% in power dissipation for benchmark circuit s713 is achieved.
Comparison of H2S Gas Sensors: A Sensor Management Procedure for Sewer Monitoring

Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) emissions are one of the major problems associated with sewer networks. This gas, with its characteristic smell of rotten eggs is highly toxic and leads to the corrosion of sewer infrastructures. To protect cities and ensure the safety of sewer workers, sewers are commonly monitored using H2S gas sensors. In this work, three commercial H2S gas sensors for air quality monitoring were compared at two different sites in Berlin, Germany. Two of the sensors provide online access to data, while the other one is a data logger. Moreover, based on statistical measures (RMSE, MAE, MB, and a graphical analysis), we evaluated whether a rotation/exchange between data logger (reference) and online sensors is possible without significant differences in the gas measurements. Experimental evaluation revealed that measurement differences are dependent on the H2S concentration range. The deviation between sensors increases as the H2S concentration rises. Therefore, the interchange between reference and online sensors depends on the application site and the H2S levels. At lower ranges (0–10 ppm) there were no observed problems. Finally, to support practitioners on-site, a management procedure in the form of a decision-making tool is proposed for assessing whether gas sensors should be exchanged/rotated.
End to End Simulations of Antiproton Transport and Degradation

The ELENA ring decelerates anti-protons to 100 keV down from 5.3 MeV with transport to experiments handled by electrostatic transfer lines. Even at 100 keV antiprotons are still too high in energy for direct injection into an ion trap, and this is why degrader foils are used to further lower the energy. This paper presents full end-to-end simulations from the point of extraction until passing through the foil. This is achieved using realistic beam transport simulations coupled with accurate simulations of degrader foils via the use of density functional theory and molecular dynamics. Particles are tracked from the point of extraction until their injection into the trap with full physical modelling at all time steps. The results of this study provide a versatile platform for the optimization of low energy ion experiments towards specific targets.
Demonstration of a vision-based dead-reckoning system for navigation of an underwater vehicle

This paper describes a dead-reckoning navigation system for hover-capable underwater vehicles operating close to the ocean floor. Navigation is presented as an extension of underwater station-keeping and mosaicking. It combines real-time vision-processing to build a mosaic of the area of interest, an image-based user interface to specify desired vehicle locations, and vision-based dead-reckoning to compute the robot's position in the mosaic. This system provides a high-level interface between the vehicle and the pilot, who specifies the goal (e.g., go to and hover over this feature) instead of the commands to execute the task (e.g., rotate to the left, go forward, stop). Thus, it is an enabling technology for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV)-for which commanding actuators directly is not feasible-and a useful high-level interface for remotely operated vehicles (ROV). This new capability is the result of our on-going research with the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI).
Optimal subband coders of quantized multidimensional signals

A new general method is presented for the analysis of the effects of quantization and transmission noise in subband filter-bank multidimensional signal and image coders. Using general statistical noise characterization, the filter banks are obtained, which are optimal in the sense of minimizing the variance of the difference of the reconstructed signal from the original. It is shown that these are not identical to those achieving perfect reconstruction in lossless coding. A general method is described for the optimal selection of the synthesis filters if the analysis filters and quantizers are given. Assuming the use of these optimal synthesis filters, a method is then developed for the determination of the optimal analysis filters and the optimal bit-allocation to the subbands. The effects of quantization on perfect reconstruction filter-banks are analyzed next, and an explicit expression is determined for the quantizer noise-to-signal ratio for such banks. Given arbitrary quantizers, the analysis filters which are optimal in the sense of minimizing the output noise power are obtained. Finally, the jointly optimal selection is determined for the analysis filters and the bit allocations of the subbands. It is seen that this selection is identical to that determined for the theoretically optimal filter-banks.
Cities and regional disparities in the European Union: evolving geographies and challenges for Cohesion Policy

ABSTRACT Since the nineties, urban areas have assumed a growing importance in EU Cohesion Policy. This process, which is being implemented through various political steps and policy instruments, has led cities to be recognised as key elements in the promotion of balanced development. After decades of planning experiments at different territorial scales, however, the extent to which EU urban policy has contributed to regional development is currently under debate. This paper seeks to describe the evolution of the urban dimension within EU Cohesion Policy, with a focus on the role of cities in those countries and regions experiencing development problems.
Modelling and verifying the load behaviour of electric vehicle charging stations based on field measurements

This study measures the long-term electric energy data of an electric vehicle (EV) charging station, and uses these field measurements to analyse and construct the load behaviour model of an EV charging station. According to the statistics of field measurements, the state of charge of EV battery pack at the start of charging and the number of EVs starting charging in each time interval can be modelled using Poisson distribution, Roulette wheel selection and uniform distribution. The load behaviour of an EV charging station can be modelled and analysed accordingly. To validate the accuracy of the proposed load behaviour model, a portion of field measurements is reserved for load behaviour model verification. The proposed load behaviour model can also be used to analyse the impacts of EV charging stations on distribution systems. Test results show that the load behaviour model proposed in this study has higher accuracy and the impacts of EV charging stations on distribution systems can be analysed more effectively and precisely.
Modelling the economic effects of COVID-19 and possible green recovery plans: a post-Keynesian approach

ABSTRACT Only twelve years after the global financial crisis, in 2020 the world was again in economic crisis. This time around, the source of the crisis was the COVID-19 global pandemic, which has affected the economy differently than the global financial crisis. However, as they were in 2008–2009, conventional macroeconomic theory and models have once again been found wanting, and economists have again turned for insights to the work of Keynes and more recent post-Keynesian scholars. This paper explores a simulation of the macroeconomic impacts of COVID-19 using the E3ME macro-econometric model. It describes two potential recovery packages, one of which could be described as ‘green’. The modelling shows that the green recovery package could support the global economy and national labour markets through the recovery period, outperforming an equivalent conventional stimulus package while simultaneously reducing global CO2 emissions by 12%. Key policy insights A green recovery plan is assessed against a reference scenario with COVID-19. It outperforms a non-green recovery plan of comparable value, while also reducing CO2 emissions by up to 12% below the reference scenario (15% below no-COVID baseline). The policies in the green recovery plan provide different relative impacts. Car scrappage schemes that promote the uptake of electric vehicles have the largest impact on GDP and jobs. Renewables, energy efficiency and electric vehicle promotion all have large impacts on emissions. The green recovery plan boosts production levels in all sectors of the economy except for energy and utilities. It boosts the consumer services sector that has been most affected initially by the pandemic but also the investment sectors that could suffer longer-term damage.
Facial temperature as a measure of mental workload

We conducted an experiment to explore the relation between facial temperature and mental effort. Participants had to perform mentally demanding tasks while their face was captured with an infrared camera. The temperature of the nose decreased during these tasks and increased during the successive rest periods. Other parts of the face did not change due to mental effort. The advantage of this workload measure is that it can provide objective and real-time information about mental effort of operators without attaching sensors to an operator. This measure can be used to measure the workload of operators in relatively stable environmental conditions such as air traffic controllers and operators of unmanned aerial vehicles.
FUNGAL INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH COVID-19

To study fungal infections such as Mucormycosis, Aspergillosis, Candidiasis, Cryptococcosis associated with Covid-19. A detailed study was done with the information gathered from the articles in specified databases, online sources, and online published materials to have current details of the situation of fungal infections in covid patients. Fungal infections were seen among covid-19 patients mostly due to opportunistic fungal pathogens such as Mucor, Candida, Aspergillus, and Cryptococcus. The reason behind rising opportunistic fungal infections among covid-19 patients may be the immunocompromised host. The most common species responsible for fungal infections in covid-19 were noticed to be of genus Mucor, A. flavus, and A. fumigatus species of genus Aspergillus, C. albicans species of genus Candida, C. neoformans, and C. gattii species of genus Cryptococcus. Patients suffering or recovered from covid-19 are now facing numerous Secondary Infections. The majority of secondary infections associated with covid-19 are Fungal Infections. Mucormycosis, candidiasis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis as opportunistic infections are seen widely in the covid-19 treated patients. Rapid progression of such fungal infections is required to be controlled by early diagnosis of infection and by identifying the underlying risk parameters. Protocols for disease management will be beneficial too.
Application of a LES technique to characterize the wake deflection of a wind turbine in yaw

When a wind turbine works in yaw, the wake intensity and the power production of the turbine become slightly smaller and a deflection of the wake is induced. Therefore, a good understanding of this effect would allow an active control of the yaw angle of upstream turbines to steer the wake away from downstream machines, reducing its effect on them. In wind farms where interaction between turbines is significant, it is of interest to maximize the power output from the wind farm as a whole and to reduce fatigue loads on downstream turbines due to the increase of turbulence intensity in wakes. A large eddy simulation model with particular wind boundary conditions has been used recently to simulate and characterize the turbulence generated by the presence of a wind turbine and its evolution downstream the machine. The simplified turbine is placed within an environment in which relevant flow properties like wind speed profile, turbulence intensity and the anisotropy of turbulence are found to be similar to the ones of the neutral atmosphere. In this work, the model is used to characterize the wake deflection for a range of yaw angles and thrust coefficients of the turbine. The results are compared with experimental data obtained by other authors with a particle image velocimetry technique from wind tunnel experiments. Also, a comparison with simple analytical correlations is carried out. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Digital high-speed calculation of the distorted signal fundamental component

Calculation of current and voltage phasors in power system protection and control is based on correlation of the signals with sine/cosine (or similar) functions, assuming data windows which are constant and usually amount to one period of the fundamental frequency. However this method introduces large errors in transient states, which follow changes of the signal amplitude and/or phase. The transient state lasts as long as the window. The transient errors are eliminated, if the correlation procedure utilises variable data windows which increase until they reach the one full cycle of the fundamental frequency and then become constant. This enables a phasor to be calculated within 1/4 cycle after the input signal changed. The algorithm is very fast, quite accurate and computationally efficient.
Distributed knowledge sharing for collaborative product development

Product development is a knowledge-intensive activity in manufacturing enterprises. This paper analyses various forms of knowledge resources in the product development process and studies the representation scheme for them. Then a novel distributed knowledge sharing model is proposed for spreading and sharing knowledge among engineers in collaborative product development teams. In a collaborative team, engineers usually come from diverse disciplines; their demands for knowledge are also different from each other. The proposed knowledge sharing model could deliver the proper knowledge to the engineers who may need them. Moreover, our model is based on the engineers’ personal knowledge repositories rather than the centralised team knowledge repository in the collaborative team. The proposed model could bring out an efficient and proactive way for knowledge sharing among engineers in the product development process. The efficiency and usability of the proposed model are validated by experiments referring to the knowledge sharing in a real-world collaborative team of a manufacturing enterprise.
Compact dual‐ and triband bandpass filter using frequency selecting coupling structure loaded stepped‐impedance resonator

This article presents two novel resonators, that is, frequency selecting coupling structure loaded stepped‐impedance resonator (FSCSLSIR) and π‐section loaded FSCSLSIR. The resonator behaviors and guidelines are given to design FSCSLSIR dual‐band bandpass filter (BPF) and π‐section loaded FSCSLSIR triband BPF. The proposed dual‐ and triband BPF have very compact sizes of 0.13 λgd × 0.06 λgd and 0.115 λgt × 0.074 λgt, respectively. Moreover, good return loss, low insertion loss, and high band‐to‐band isolation can be observed, and the proposed FSCSLSIR dual‐band BPF has an ultrawide stopband from 5.79 to 36 GHz. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 25:427–435, 2015.
Commissioning of the LCLS-II Prototype HOM Detectors with Tesla-Type Cavities at Fast

Experiments at the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) facility detected electron beam-induced high order mode (HOM) signals from Tesla superconducting cavities. This paper describes some of the signal detection hardware used in this experiment, as well as measurements of the HOM signal magnitude versus beam trajectory. These measurements were made both with a single bunch and with a train of 50 bunches at bunch charges from 400 pC/b down to 10 pC/b. The detection hardware is designed for use with the Tesla superconducting cavities of LCLS-II at SLAC and is based on a prototype already in use at Fermilab. The HOM signal passes through a band-pass filter that is centered on several cavity dipole modes and a zero bias Schottky diode detects its magnitude. Direct comparisons were made between the FNAL chassis and the SLAC prototype for identical beam steering conditions. To support measurements with bunch charges as low as 10 pC, the SLAC detector has RF amplification between the band-pass filter and the diode detector. With this hardware, usable HOM signal measurements are obtained with a single bunch of 10 pC in cryomodule cavities as will be needed for LCLS-II.
An Overview of the Development for Cable-Driven Parallel Manipulator

In the last two decades, cable-driven parallel robots have attracted a lot of attention in robot community as a hot topic of robot research. In this paper, the development of the cable-driven parallel manipulator is first introduced in general. Second, the latest advance in theory and applications of cable-driven parallel manipulator is presented in detail, especially some notable implementations. Finally, an other probable application foresight with this cable manipulator is proposed and discussed.
The Computational Calculation and Molecular Docking of Aeroplysinin-1 As Antibacterial

Aeroplysinin-1 is naturally found from marine sponges as an anti-bacterial compound. Computational calculation and molecular docking were performed for aeroplysinin. Aeroplysinin as an inhibitor has optimized in the gas phase using DFT with 6-31G(d) functional. The structure from geometry optimization of aeroplysinin-1is, not in one plane. The interaction of aeroplysinin-1 with two different DNA gyrase from E. Coli and S. Aureus. In this research,aeroplysinin-1 can inhibit the protein with the free binding energy of about -5.7 kcal/mol and -6.35 kcal/mol, respectively, for E. Coli and S. Aureus. The dominant molecular interaction is the hydrogen bond.
An efficient mass propagation protocol for Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. through In Vitro generated shoot tips

Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. commonly known as ‘beli’ in Sri Lanka is an important fruit tree with extensive medicinal uses in indigenous medicinal systems. The plant is conventionally propagated by seeds which have short viability and low germination percentage. Vegetative propagation through root suckers is slow and challenging. Root being the major medicinally valuable part, destructive harvesting poses a serious threat to the sustenance of the tree. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an efficient mass propagation protocol for A. marmelos through in vitro generated shoot tips. Shoot tips taken from three weeks old in vitro grown seedlings of A. marmelos were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (1.0 mgL-1 or 2.0 mgL-1), kinetin (0.5 mgL-1 or 1.0 mgL-1), and thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.25 mgL-1 and 0.5 mgL-1) either alone or in combination. The highest mean number of shoots per shoot tip (16.73) and highest mean total length per shoot tip (10.58 cm) were observed on MS medium containing 1.0 mgL-1 BAP and 1.0 mgL-1 kinetin. In this study poor response of shoot proliferation was observed when using MS medium supplemented with TDZ alone. Shoot formation was optimum in the fifth week from establishment. In vitro derived shoots were transferred to root induction medium consisting of half-strength MS medium supplemented with three different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mgL-1) with or without 5% activated charcoal. Highest rooting was achieved in the medium supplemented with 1.0 mgL-1 IBA with activated charcoal. Rooted plantlets were acclimatized using coco pellets and transferred to the soil with 80% survival rate.
Student Opinions on Psychomotor Learning Activities Used in Music Lessons

This study aims to determine the situation by examining the opinions of 8th-grade students about psycho-motor activities used within the scope of 8th-grade music lessons. Semi-structured interview technique was used as a qualitative method in the research. With this method, data were collected by conducting one-on-one interviews with 8th-grade students. The study was conducted with forty-four 8th-grade students. The obtained data were analyzed by making content analysis. According to the findings obtained from the interviews; It is understood that the psycho-motor activities used in schools are mostly similar, but there are problems in the implementation process, the activities cannot be used effectively and efficiently, and music lesson activities are not given enough importance due to the problems arising from the deficiencies in the material and learning environment. From the students' opinions, it is understood that the theoretical parts of the music lessons are long and the lessons conducted in this way are boring. Based on the students' opinions, it is understood that the singing activity is the most used psycho-motor activity, but this activity is not used to improve the musical knowledge and skills taught in the lessons, but to increase the students' interest in the lessons. It is understood that rhythm exercises, body percussion and instrument playing activities are less involved in music lessons than singing activities.