Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed channel assignment based on congestion information in wireless mesh network

IEEE 802.11a protocol provides 12 non-overlapping channels. If nearby nodes operate on the same frequency channel, they can interfere with each other and produce congestion in the logical links. The use of Multi-Radio, Multi-Channel (MR-MC) can provide more coverage area due to multi-hop forwarding and offer more capacity by simultaneously operating on multiple radios. In this paper, we propose a dynamic, distributed channel assignment scheme for WMN, which is based on node queue length information. The proposed method assigns frequency channels based on queue threshold level which indicates the congestion status of the link. The algorithm does not allow the node to switch to the channel in which nearby nodes are operating. It also keeps record of previously congested channel to avoid assigning the same channel again. Simulation based experiment evaluated the performance in term of Round-Trip time (RTT).
Incidence among men of asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms: estimates from 500 screen detected cases

Objectives To determine the incidence of asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms and the implications for an ultrasound screening programme in England and Wales. Methods First screen data were obtained from the Chichester and Huntingdon screening studies and used to estimate the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms. The incidence of new, asymptomatic aneurysms was estimated from the prevalence rates observed in the Huntingdon screening study. Setting Screening programmes in Huntingdon and Chichester using ultrasound to screen all men over the age of 50 and men over age 65 respectively. Results The prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms ranged between 5.32% and 8.02% and between 6.18% and 9.88% of men aged between 65 and 79 in Chichester and Huntingdon respectively. Annual incidence rates, estimated by age, rose steadily reaching a peak of 0.67% of the Huntingdon population per year at age 65. Thereafter incidence falls. Estimates of the incidence of new asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms, based on the observed prevalence data, were calculated and showed a peak at age 65. Conclusions Hypotheses are offered to explain this unexpected early peak in incidence. This information should allow the definition of the optimum age for screening, and the relative benefits of screening at different intervals if widespread screening is adopted in the future.
Duloxetine in the treatment of major depressive disorder: an assessment of the relationship between outcomes and episode characteristics

Duloxetine, an inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake, has been approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder. In this analysis, data from eight, double-blind, placebo-controlled duloxetine trials were pooled, and the response to duloxetine treatment (40–120 mg/day) was compared between patients experiencing their first episode of depression (n=581) or a subsequent episode (n=1321), and between patients experiencing a depressive episode of short (n=596), medium (n=669), or long (n=649) duration based on tertile divisions. Treatment response was determined on the basis of changes from baseline in the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression total score, the Clinical Global Impressions of Severity Scale, and painful physical symptoms (Somatic Symptom Inventory and Visual Analog Scales). Overall, changes on all outcome measures and response and remission rates were significantly greater in duloxetine-treated patients than in placebo-treated patients. Furthermore, the effect of duloxetine was similar across all episode characteristic groups (first/subsequent episode, short/medium/long episode duration). Only for the Somatic Symptom Inventory was the effect of duloxetine significantly different between groups (greater in the subsequent episode group than in the first episode group). Duloxetine was effective in the treatment of first and subsequent episodes of major depressive disorder, and regardless of duration of the current depressive episode.
A multi-centric Study of Candida bloodstream infection in Lima-Callao, Peru: Species distribution, antifungal resistance and clinical outcomes

Background The incidence of candidemia is increasing in developing countries. Very little is known about the epidemiology of candidemia in Peru. The aim of this study is to describe the incidence, microbiology, clinical presentation and outcomes of Candida bloodstream infections in three Lima-Callao hospitals. Methods Candida spp. isolates were identified prospectively at participant hospitals between November 2013 and January 2015. Susceptibility testing for amphotericin B, fluconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole and anidulafungin was performed using broth microdilution method. Clinical information was obtained from medical records and evaluated. Results We collected information on 158 isolates and 157 patients. Median age of patients was 55.0 yrs. , and 64.1% were males. Thirty-eight (24.2%) episodes of candidemia occurred in those <18 yrs. The frequency of non-Candida albicans was 72.1%. The most frequently recovered species were C. albicans (n = 44, 27.8%), C. parapsilosis (n = 40, 25.3%), C. tropicalis (n = 39, 24.7%) and C. glabrata (n = 15, 9.5%). Only four isolates were resistant to fluconazole, 86.7% (n = 137) were susceptible and 17 were susceptible-dose dependent. Decreased susceptibility to posaconazole was also observed in three isolates, and one to voriconazole. All isolates were susceptible to anidulafungin and amphotericin B. The most commonly associated co-morbid conditions were recent surgery (n = 61, 38.9%), mechanical ventilation (n = 60, 38.2%) and total parenteral nutrition (n = 57, 36.3%). The incidence of candidemia by center ranged between 1.01 and 2.63 cases per 1,000 admissions, with a global incidence of 2.04. Only 28.1% of cases received treatment within 72 hrs. of diagnosis. Overall, the 30-day survival was 60.4% (treated subjects, 67.4%; not-treated patients, 50.9%). Conclusions We found a very high proportion of non-albicans Candida species. Despite this, the decreased susceptibility/resistance to fluconazole was only 13.3% and not seen in the other antifungals. Overall, the incidence of candidemia mortality was high when compared to other international studies. It is possible, that the delay in initiating antifungal treatment contributed to the elevated mortality rate, in spite of low antifungal resistance.
A Beam-Steering Reconfigurable Antenna for WLAN Applications

A multifunctional reconfigurable antenna (MRA) capable of operating in nine modes corresponding to nine steerable beam directions in the semisphere space {-30°,0°, 30°}; φ ∈ {0°, 45°, 90°, 135°}) is presented. The MRA consists of an aperture-coupled driven patch antenna with a parasitic layer placed above it. The surface of the parasitic layer has a grid of 3 × 3 electrically-small square-shaped metallic pixels. The adjacent pixels are connected by PIN diode switches with ON/OFF status to change the geometry of the parasitic surface, which in turn changes the current distribution on the antenna, thus provides reconfigurability in beam steering direction. The MRA operates in the IEEE 802.11 frequency band (2.4-2.5 GHz) in each mode of operation. The antenna has been fabricated and measured. The measured and simulated impedance and radiation pattern results agree well indicating an average of ~ 6.5 dB realized gain in all modes of operation. System level experimental performance evaluations have also been performed, where an MRA equipped WLAN platform was tested and characterized in typical indoor environments. The results confirm that the MRA equipped WLAN systems could achieve an average of 6 dB Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) gain compared to legacy omni-directional antenna equipped systems with minimal training overhead.
A wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor with multiple short-time exposures

A wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor based on synthesis of long-time and multiple short-time exposure signals for high image quality in the whole illumination range is proposed. A key technique is a high-speed and high-resolution column-parallel integration type analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with nonlinear slope. A prototype wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor that captures a long-exposure and 3 short-exposure signals has been developed with 0.25 /spl mu/m 1-poly 4-metal CMOS image sensor technology. The dynamic range is expanded by a factor of 120 compared with the case of the single long-time exposure. The ADC has a good linearity. The maximum DNL is 0.3 LSB and 0.6 LSB for single- and multi-resolution mode, respectively.
BICEP2/KECK ARRAY. VII. MATRIX BASED E/B SEPARATION APPLIED TO BICEP2 AND THE KECK ARRAY

A linear polarization field on the sphere can be uniquely decomposed into an E-mode and a B-mode component. These two components are analytically defined in terms of spin-2 spherical harmonics. Maps that contain filtered modes on a partial sky can also be decomposed into E-mode and B-mode components. However, the lack of full sky information prevents orthogonally separating these components using spherical harmonics. In this paper, we present a technique for decomposing an incomplete map into E and B-mode components using E and B eigenmodes of the pixel covariance in the observed map. This method is found to orthogonally define E and B in the presence of both partial sky coverage and spatial filtering. This method has been applied to the Bicep2 and the Keck Array maps and results in reducing E to B leakage from ΛCDM E-modes to a level corresponding to a tensor-to-scalar ratio of .
The Role of the Peripheral Passive Rotation Stabilizers of the Knee With Intact Collateral and Cruciate Ligaments: A Biomechanical Study

Background: A subset of patients have clinical internal and/or external knee rotational instability despite no apparent injury to the cruciate or collateral ligaments. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of sequentially cutting the posterolateral, anterolateral, posteromedial, and anteromedial structures of the knee on rotational stability in the setting of intact cruciate and collateral ligaments. It was hypothesized that cutting of the iliotibial band (ITB), anterolateral ligament and lateral capsule (ALL/LC), posterior oblique ligament (POL), and posteromedial capsule (PMC) would significantly increase internal rotation, while sectioning of the anteromedial capsule (AMC) and the popliteus tendon and popliteofibular ligament (PLT/PFL) would lead to a significant increase in external knee rotation. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Ten pairs (N = 20) of cadaveric knees were assigned to 2 sequential cutting groups (group 1: posterolateral-to-posteromedial [PL → PM] and group 2: posteromedial-to-posterolateral [PM → PL]). Specimens were subjected to applied 5-N·m internal and external rotation torques at knee flexion angles of 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° while intact and after each cut state. Rotational changes were measured and compared with the intact and previous cut states. Results: Sectioning of the ITB significantly increased internal rotation at 60° and 90° by 5.4° and 6.2° in group 1 (PL → PM) and 3.5° and 3.8° in group 2 (PM → PL). PLT/PFL complex sectioning significantly increased external rotation at 60° and 90° by 2.7° and 2.9° in group 1 (PL → PM). At 60° and 90° in group 2 (PM → PL), ALL/LC sectioning produced significant increases in internal rotation of 3.1° and 3.5°, respectively. In group 2 (PM → PL), POL sectioning produced a significant increase in internal rotation of 2.0° at 0°. AMC sectioning significantly increased external rotation at 30° to 90° of flexion with a magnitude of change of <1° in both groups 1 (PL → PM) and 2 (PM → PL). Conclusion: Collectively, the anterolateral corner structures provided primary internal rotation control of the knee from 60° to 90° of knee flexion in knees with intact cruciate and collateral ligaments. The ITB was the most significant primary stabilizer of internal rotation. The POL had a primary role for internal rotational stability at full extension. The PLT/PFL complex was a primary stabilizer for external rotation of the knee at 60° and 90°. Clinical Relevance: This study delineates the primary and secondary roles of the ITB, ALL/LC, POL, and PLT/PFL to rotatory stability of the knee and provides new information to understand knee rotational instabilities.
Dynamic echo simulation of precession target based on electromagnetic scattering model

Dynamic echo is the basis to analyze and discriminate the features of precession targets, but it is difficult to acquire the outfield data with small cost. In this paper, precession model of a general target is built, and the attitude formulas of elevation and azimuth are derived respectively. On the basis of the static electromagnetic scattering data, a scheme is proposed to simulate the dynamic echo of an arbitrary precession target by using the quasi-static method. Its validity is verified by the experiment results, and the RCS sequences and micro-Doppler signatures of two representative targets are analyzed based on the simulated echo.
Optimization Based Obstacle Avoidance

Based on a non-linear single track model which describes the dynamics of vehicle, an optimal path planning strategy is developed. Real time optimization is used to generate reference control values to allow leading the vehicle alongside a calculated lane which is optimal for different objectives such as energy consumption, run time, safety or comfort characteristics. Strict mathematic formulation of the autonomous driving allows taking decision on undefined situation such as lane change or obstacle avoidance. Based on position of the vehicle, lane situation and obstacle position, the optimization problem is reformulated in real-time to avoid the obstacle and any car crash. Keywords—Autonomous driving, Obstacle avoidance, Optimal control, Path planning.
High-speed fluorescence imaging of ultrasound-triggered drug release from phase-change droplets

Phase-change droplets are promising for drug delivery due to the ability to undergo acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) under ultrasound exposure. No study has investigated the distribution dynamics of drug-surfactant complex, since ADV is a rapid process hardly observed with conventional microscopy or spectroscopy. Here we established a high-speed fluorescence microscopy system to visualize the drug distribution dynamics during the ADV of DiI-loaded perfluoropentane droplets with sizes of 3-7 μm at capture rates of up to 100 kfps. The results show that the DiI-lipid complexes tended to remain on the bubble surface showing a heterogeneous pattern when ADV occurred at the low acoustic pressures (close to the ADV thresholds). However, at the pressures much higher than ADV threshold, the shedding of DiI-lipid complexes were observed for droplets only on the sides they contacted the tube wall. The pressure and spatial dependence means additional mechanical forces aside from the outward expansion force arising from ADV were exerted to shed DiI-lipid complexes off the bubble surface to self-assemble into vesicles. The near-wall preference of vesicle release means that ADV may be a useful technique in controlled drug delivery applications especially in the vascular targeting scenario. This study provides valuable information for the optimization of ADV-based drug delivery.
TYPHOID BACILLUS CARRIERS.

IT is a fundamental fact that all persons with typhoid fever have been infected either directly or indirectly from individuals who are excreting typhoid bacilli. Such an individual is a typhoid carrier. It is immaterial to the result whether these infecting persons are actively suffering from the disease, have been apparently cured for many years, or have never been known to have had typhoid fever. In order that a clear conception may be had of what is meant by a typhoid carrier, a classification is evidently necessary. Up to the present time much confusion has existed for want of a uniform classification. The most comprehensive is that suggested by SacquepRe. It is as follows: Group I: Precocious carriers,-those carriers in the incubation period of the disease. Group II: Persons who have recovered from typhoid fever, but who continue to eliminate typhoid bacilli. Sub-group A: Convalescent carriers,-those who cease eliminating bacilli before the end of the third month. Sub-group B: Chronic carriers,-those who eliminate bacilli for an indefinite period. Group III: Paradoxical carrriers,-those who have never had symptoms of typhoid fever, but who eliminate bacilli for an indefinite period. This classification, however, may be condensed for practical purposes into two large groups; namely, temporary and chronic typhoid carriers. The temporary carriers are convalescents who cease eliminating typhoid bacilli before the end of the third month after the onset of the disease; the term "chronic" is applied to carriers who eliminate bacilli for an indefinite period. For the present, however, I shall adhere to the more com-
Landscape-structure Determined Mosquito Diversity in Hungary (Central-Europe)

The present research examined the potential background variables of the high species richness and diversity of the Hungarian (Central-Europe) mosquitoes. The local fauna including 50 species is more diverse than it could be predicted on the climatic and zoogeographical characteristics. The results showed that high species- and life-form diversity of the Hungarian mosquito fauna originated from the relatively high landscape diversity of the humid habitats.
Investigation of diffracted fields in buildings and wedges: a comparison study

In order to have an effective utilisation of the radio wave resources, it is important to estimate propagation path in the urban area. In our previous works, we have shown that the shape and material of wedges do not affect the diffracted fields except the diffracted fields close to wedge surfaces. In this paper, we compare the diffracted fields of the wedges whose inner angles are 0 and a building for examining the fields close to wedge surface. The numerical calculations were carried out for two wedges, a conducting building and a concrete building. We discuss diffracted fields by two wedges and a building for the case when a horizontal or vertical polarised wave is perpendicularly or obliquely incident to the edges.
Confidentiality-Preserving Image Search: A Comparative Study Between Homomorphic Encryption and Distance-Preserving Randomization

Recent years have seen increasing popularity of storing and managing personal multimedia data using online services. Preserving confidentiality of online personal data while offering efficient functionalities thus becomes an important and pressing research issue. In this paper, we study the problem of content-based search of image data archived online while preserving content confidentiality. The problem has different settings from those typically considered in the secure computation literature, as it deals with data in rank-ordered search, and has a different security-efficiency requirement. Secure computation techniques, such as homomorphic encryption, can potentially be used in this application, at a cost of high computational and communication complexity. Alternatively, efficient techniques based on randomizing visual feature and search indexes have been proposed recently to enable similarity comparison between encrypted images. This paper focuses on comparing these two major paradigms of techniques, namely, homomorphic encryption-based techniques and feature/index randomization-based techniques, for confidentiality-preserving image search. We develop novel and systematic metrics to quantitatively evaluate security strength in this unique type of data and applications. We compare these two paradigms of techniques in terms of their search performance, security strength, and computational efficiency. The insights obtained through this paper and comparison will help design practical algorithms appropriate for privacy-aware cloud multimedia systems.
Lymphangiography

Arteriography and phlebography have been used in clinical medicine since their development some twenty years ago. The early work with these techniques was done by dos Santos et al. in 1931, Moniz et al. (1932), and dos Santos (1938). A comparable method of studying the lymphatic circulation would be of obvious value, but its development has been delayed by technical difficulties. Lymph vessels, or at least normal ones, are much smaller than the arteries or veins used in angiography. They contain colourless lymph, which makes them difficult to see, and under normal circumstances they may be empty or nearly so, existing as potential spaces like the pleura or peritoneum (Kinmonth, 1952). Special methods have therefore been developed to make the lymph trunks visible to the naked eye at operation and opaque to x rays so that radiographs could be made to study their role in disease in man. Some of our findings have already been described (Kinmonth, 1951, 1952, 1954; Kinmonth and Taylor, 1954). This paper describes a method which has proved useful in practice and which embodies certain technical improvements. The general principle is that the lymph trunks are made visible to the naked eye by subcutaneous injection of a diffusible blue dye so that radio-opaque solution can be injected direct into them through a small needle.
SLAM WITH KLT POINT FEATURES

In the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem, a mobile robot must localize itself in an unknown environment using its sensors and at the same time construct a map of that environment. While SLAM utilizing costly (expensive, heavy and slow) laser range finders as a sensor has been very successful in both indoor and outdoor environments, large-scale SLAM with cost-effective visionbased sensors has yet to be realized. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of one possible low-cost vision-based approach to SLAM. We take 3D points constructed from Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi (KLT) image feature points in trinocular camera images as the basic landmarks for SLAM. We demonstrate the feasibility of KLT-based SLAM by conducting an experiment in a real indoor environment.
Automatic Equalization of Multichannel Audio Using Cross-Adaptive Methods

A method for automatically equalizing a multi-track mixture has been implemented. The method aims to achieve equal average perceptual loudness on all frequencies amongst all multi-track channels. The method uses accumulative spectral decomposition techniques together with cross-adaptive audio effects to achieve equalization. The method has applications in live and recorded audio mixing where the audio engineer would like to reduce set-up time
Unraveling the black box of aquaria biofilter function : FISHing for novel ammonia-oxidizing archaea associations

Nitrification, a biological link between the oxidized and reduced pools of inorganic nitrogen is typically limited by the first step, ammonia oxidation. Often controlled by ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrification involves archaea within Thaumarcheota as well as bacteria from Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria. This study examines how AOA associate with the ammonia oxidizing bacteria, and the specific spatial interaction between AOA/AOB and nitrite oxidizing bacteria through microscopy. Water and biofilm samples were collected from three seawater fish tanks and throughout the aquaria at the Marine Resources Center (MRC), Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods’ Hole, MA to determine if nutrient availability or temperature affect these microbial assemblages through Catalyzed Reporter Deposition Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (CARD-FISH) and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Within the closed loop aquaria, the microbial consortia present were significantly different at different points throughout the system due to the local nutrient and temperature conditions.