Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does multidimensional forced-choice prevent faking? Comparing the susceptibility of the multidimensional forced-choice format and the rating scale format to faking.

A common concern with self-reports of personality traits in selection contexts is faking. The multidimensional forced-choice (MFC) format has been proposed as an alternative to rating scales (RS) that could prevent faking. The goal of this study was to compare the susceptibility of the MFC format and the RS format to faking in a simulated high-stakes setting when using normative scoring for both formats. Participants were randomly assigned to 3 groups (total N = 1,867) and filled out the Big Five Triplets once under an honest instruction and once under a fake-good instruction. Latent mean differences between the honest and fake-good administrations indicated that the Big Five domains were faked in the expected direction. Faking effects for all traits were larger for RS compared with MFC. Faking effects were also larger for the MFC version with mixed triplets compared with the MFC version with triplets that were fully matched regarding their social desirability. The MFC format does not prevent faking completely, but it reduces faking substantially. Faking can be further reduced in the MFC format by matching the items presented in a block regarding their social desirability. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Consumer Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Behavior in Urban Ethiopia: A Comprehensive Study

ABSTRACT This paper studies the association between nutrition knowledge and consumer dietary behavior using large survey data from 996 respondents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. We find that health was the most important factor in individuals’ food choice. However, most consumers were found to have imperfect understanding of the link between food and health. Especially, the causes and consequences of obesity were poorly understood. A considerable proportion of respondents also endorsed harmful food taboos. We found that nutrition knowledge was positively associated with more diversified diets and healthy eating attitudes and practices. Individuals with higher levels of nutrition knowledge were also more likely to reject harmful food taboos.
Effect of lockdown for COVID-19 on self-reported body weight gain in a sample of obese patients.

OBJECTIVE the COVID-19 pandemic, by restricting population mobility, may exacerbate the risk factors for weight gain associated with physical inactivity and increased consumption of calorie-dense foods. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the risk factors related to self-reported body weight gain among obese subjects. METHODS the study involved a population of 284 adult obese subjects. After a 7-week confinement period starting on March 17, a telephone interview (May 4 through 7) was conducted. In this phone call, self-reported body weight gain and a number of factors were recorded. In order to obtain the baseline data of this population, biochemical and anthropometric parameters were collected from electronic medical records. RESULTS mean age was 60.4 ± 10.8 years (range: 23-71) and mean body mass index (BMI) was 35.4 ± 4.7 kg/m2 (range: 30.6-41.2). Gender distribution was 211 females (74.3 %) and 73 males (25.7 %). Self-reported body weight gain was 1.62 ± 0.2 kg. Among patients who reported doing a lot of exercise self-reported body weight gain was lower (1.62 ± 0.2 vs 1.12 ± 0.3 kg; p = 0.02). Regarding eating habits, patients recognized snacking in 17 % of the sample. Patients who reported snacking had higher self-reported body weight gains (2.60 ± 0.36 vs 1.30 ± 0.17 kg; p = 0.001). The remaining variables did not influence self-reported body weight gain. In the multiple regression analysis with self-reported body weight gain as dependent variable, adjusted for age, sex, and physical activity, the snaking habit remained a risk factor: beta = 1.21 (95 % CI: 0.31-2.13; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS the lockdown decreed during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has produced an increase in self-reported body weight among obese subjects, which was related to the habit of taking snacks.
Psychosocial determinants of adherence with oral anticancer treatment: ‘we don’t need no education’

Abstract Introduction Given the potentially fatal consequences of inadequate adherence with oral anticancer treatment in persons with cancer, understanding the determinants of adherence is vital. This paper aims at identifying psychosocial determinants of adherence to oral anticancer treatment. Methods We reviewed the literature on psychosocial determinants of adherence with oral anticancer treatment, based on published literature in English, from 2015 to present. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Emcare, and PsychINFO, with ‘cancer’, ‘medication adherence’, ‘psychology’, and ‘oral anticancer treatment’ as search terms. The obtained 608 papers were screened by two independent reviewers. Results In the 25 studies identified, illness perceptions, medication beliefs, health beliefs, and depression were found to be the major psychosocial determinants of adherence to oral anticancer treatment; sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were found to be of no major importance. The quality of the identified studies as assessed by two independent reviewers was found to be acceptable overall. The majority of papers were from North America and focused on patients with breast cancer; sample size varied from 13 to 1371; adherence was assessed with questionnaires derived from various theoretical models, pill counts and electronic pharmacy records; illness perceptions reflecting adaptive coping, and medication beliefs reflecting high necessity and low concerns were found to be associated with adherence. Conclusion Psychosocial concepts are major determinants of adherence with oral anticancer treatment. ‘Beliefs about medicines’ and ‘illness perceptions’ in particular determine adherence with this treatment. Studies aiming at impacting adherence would benefit from interventions with a solid basis in behavioral theory in order to help health care providers explore and address illness perceptions and medication beliefs. Pre-consultation screening of adherence behavior may be a helpful supportive approach to improve adherence. Blaming the victim (‘patients should be educated about the importance of adherence’) is better replaced by encouraging health professionals to identify and address maladaptive psychosocial determinants of adherence.
Broken rice in a fermented total mixed ration improves carcass and marbling quality in fattened beef cattle

Objective This study aimed to determine the effects of replacing cassava chips with broken rice in a fermented total mixed ration diet on silage quality, feed intake, ruminal fermentation, growth performance, and carcass characteristics in the final phase of fattening beef cattle. Methods Eighteen Charolais-Thai native crossbred steers (average initial body weight: 609.4±46 kg; average age 31.6 mo) were subjected to three ad libitum dietary regimes and were maintained in individual pens for 90 d before slaughter. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design by initial age and body weight with six replicates. The dietary regimens used different proportions of broken rice (0%, 16%, and 32% [w/w] of dry matter [DM]) instead of cassava chips in a fermented total mixed ration. All dietary treatments were evaluated for in vitro gas production and tested in in vivo feeding trials. Results The in vitro experiments indicated that organic matter from broken rice was significantly more digestible than that from a cassava-based diet (p<0.05). Silage quality, nutrient intake, ruminal fermentation characteristics, carcass fat thickness, and marbling score substantially differed among treatments. The ruminal total volatile fatty acids, propionate concentration, dietary protein intake, and digestibility increased linearly (p<0.05) with broken rice, whereas acetate concentration and the acetate:propionate ratio decreased linearly (p<0.05) with broken rice (added up to 32 g/kg DM). Broken rice did not influence plasma metabolite levels or growth performance (p>0.05). However, the marbling score increased, and the carcass characteristics improved with broken rice. Conclusion Substitution of cassava chips with broken rice in beef cattle diets may improve fattened beef carcass quality because broken rice increases rumen fermentation, fatty acid biosynthesis, and metabolic energy supply.
Three new phenolic compounds from the lichen Ramalina peruviana Ach. (Ramalinaceae)

Abstract Three new phenolic compounds, peruvinides A-C were isolated from the lichen Ramalina peruviana Ach. (Ramalinaceae). Their structures were unambiguously determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature data. Peruvinides A and B bearing unusual moieties were found for the first time among lichen metabolites. Graphical Abstract
Deep Learning-Based Segmentation and Quantification in Experimental Kidney Histopathology.

BACKGROUND Nephropathologic analyses provide important outcomes-related data in experiments with the animal models that are essential for understanding kidney disease pathophysiology. Precision medicine increases the demand for quantitative, unbiased, reproducible, and efficient histopathologic analyses, which will require novel high-throughput tools. A deep learning technique, the convolutional neural network, is increasingly applied in pathology because of its high performance in tasks like histology segmentation. METHODS We investigated use of a convolutional neural network architecture for accurate segmentation of periodic acid-Schiff-stained kidney tissue from healthy mice and five murine disease models and from other species used in preclinical research. We trained the convolutional neural network to segment six major renal structures: glomerular tuft, glomerulus including Bowman's capsule, tubules, arteries, arterial lumina, and veins. To achieve high accuracy, we performed a large number of expert-based annotations, 72,722 in total. RESULTS Multiclass segmentation performance was very high in all disease models. The convolutional neural network allowed high-throughput and large-scale, quantitative and comparative analyses of various models. In disease models, computational feature extraction revealed interstitial expansion, tubular dilation and atrophy, and glomerular size variability. Validation showed a high correlation of findings with current standard morphometric analysis. The convolutional neural network also showed high performance in other species used in research-including rats, pigs, bears, and marmosets-as well as in humans, providing a translational bridge between preclinical and clinical studies. CONCLUSIONS We developed a deep learning algorithm for accurate multiclass segmentation of digital whole-slide images of periodic acid-Schiff-stained kidneys from various species and renal disease models. This enables reproducible quantitative histopathologic analyses in preclinical models that also might be applicable to clinical studies.
Pretreatment lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratios predict AIDS‐related diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma overall survival

The lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR) and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been reported to be useful for predicting the prognosis of various malignancies, including diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, little is known about the role of LMR and PLR in the prognosis of DLBCL patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We retrospectively evaluated the prognostic value of the LMR and PLR in patients with newly diagnosed AIDS‐related diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (AR‐DLBCL) who were treated with CHOP‐like chemotherapy at a single institution. In 33 AR‐DLBCL patients, the median follow‐up period was 32 months (range: 7–85 months), with an estimated 2‐year overall survival (OS) rate of 79.9%. The univariate analysis confirmed the LMR ≤ 2.74 (p = .015), PLR ≥ 337.7 (p = .019), and moderate anemia (p = .045) were associated with inferior survival. The independent significant association between low LMR and poor OS in the multivariate analysis was identified (HR: 0.033, 95% CI: 0.001–0.853, p = .040). However, PLR (p = .459) and moderate anemia (p = .102) did not retain an independent significance in the multivariate analysis. Moreover, compared with the high‐LMR group, patients with low‐LMR more frequently had B symptoms (p = .010) and lower CD4+T cell count (p < .001). The pretreatment LMR may be an effective prognostic factor for predicting OS in patients with AR‐DLBCL.
Examining the factor structure of the Big Five Inventory-2 personality domains with an adolescent sample.

We examined the within-domain structure of the five domains of personality measured by the Big Five Inventory-2 with data collected from an adolescent sample (N = 838). Three possible factor models were tested: a single factor, correlated facets, and a single factor with correlated residuals. We examined each model controlling for acquiescence, a response bias in which respondents tend to agree/disagree regardless of item content, using two approaches: acquiescence factor and within-person centering of item-level responses. Across each domain, results indicated both the correlated facets and correlated residuals models demonstrated acceptable fit. Accounting for acquiescent responding was generally associated with improved model fit. However, consistent with past struggles in measuring open-mindedness in adolescents, the correlated residuals model with acquiescence as a factor for open-mindedness failed to converge. Regularized structural equation modeling was conducted on this model for open-mindedness and suggested certain residual covariances that contributed to estimation difficulties should be constrained to zero. Advantages of models are discussed with implications for studying the Big Five personality domains in adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Imaging modalities used in diagnosis and follow-up of patients with Takayasu’s arteritis

Background/aim Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) is a rare, large-vessel vasculitis of unknown etiology, affecting aortic arch, and its main branches. Noninvasive imaging methods are frequently used in diagnosis and follow-up in Takayasu’s arteritis. Studies investigating optimal timing of follow up imaging are rare. This study is aimed to investigate the radiologic changes in vascular involvements of Takayasu’s arteritis patients one year after diagnosis. Materials and methods Database of our Vasculitis Center was analyzed retrospectively and 97 patients were included into the study. Demographic, clinical, radiological, and therapeutic findings of patients were recorded. Patients with follow-up imaging after approximately one year of diagnosis were recruited into further analysis. Radiological changes and the effect of different immunosuppressive agents on vascular involvements were investigated. Results Mean age and disease duration of patients were 43.0 and 9.0 years. The most commonly used imaging methods/modalities for the diagnosis of TA were computer tomography-angiography (CT-Ang) (58.8%), magnetic resonance-angiography (MR-Ang) (29.9%), and doppler ultrasonography (11.3%). Subclavian and common carotid arteries were the most frequently involved vessels. Fifty-three patients underwent follow-up imaging after one year of diagnosis and, in 64% of patients, same imaging method had been used. MR-Ang (62.3%) and CT-Ang (35.9%) were the most preferred follow-up imaging studies. Sixty-eight percent of patients had stable vascular involvement, 28% had progression, and 4% had regression. No difference was found in radiological changes regarding patients with usage of different immunosuppressive agents (P = 0.634). There was no association between the change in serum acute phase reactants and radiological disease activity. Conclusion The most commonly used imaging modality for the diagnosis of TA was CT-Ang, whereas MR-Ang was the most preferred for follow-up. Almost 30% of TA patients in our Vasculitis Center had progression at around one year concordant with previous literature. A follow-up imaging at around one year of treatment seems feasible in management of TA.
SIAH2 is Expressed in Adipocyte Precursor Cells and Interacts with EBF1 and ZFP521 to Promote Adipogenesis

Expression of zinc finger protein 423 (ZFP423), a key proadipogenic transcription factor in adipocyte precursor cells, is regulated by interaction of the proadipogenic early B‐cell factor 1 (EBF1) and antiadipogenic ZFP521. The ubiquitin ligase seven‐in‐absentia homolog 2 (SIAH2) targets ZFP521 for degradation. This study asked whether SIAH2 is expressed in adipocyte precursor cells and whether SIAH2 interacts with ZFP521 and EBF1 to regulate ZFP521 protein levels during adipogenesis.
Versatile and multivalent nanobodies efficiently neutralize SARS-CoV-2

Nanobodies that neutralize Monoclonal antibodies that bind to the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) show therapeutic promise but must be produced in mammalian cells and need to be delivered intravenously. By contrast, single-domain antibodies called nanobodies can be produced in bacteria or yeast, and their stability may enable aerosol delivery. Two papers now report nanobodies that bind tightly to spike and efficiently neutralize SARS-CoV-2 in cells. Schoof et al. screened a yeast surface display of synthetic nanobodies and Xiang et al. screened anti-spike nanobodies produced by a llama. Both groups identified highly potent nanobodies that lock the spike protein in an inactive conformation. Multivalent constructs of selected nanobodies achieved even more potent neutralization. Science, this issue p. 1473, p. 1479 Potent neutralizers of SARS-CoV-2 are identified by screening either synthetic or llama-produced nanobodies. Cost-effective, efficacious therapeutics are urgently needed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we used camelid immunization and proteomics to identify a large repertoire of highly potent neutralizing nanobodies (Nbs) to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD). We discovered Nbs with picomolar to femtomolar affinities that inhibit viral infection at concentrations below the nanograms-per-milliliter level, and we determined a structure of one of the most potent Nbs in complex with the RBD. Structural proteomics and integrative modeling revealed multiple distinct and nonoverlapping epitopes and indicated an array of potential neutralization mechanisms. We bioengineered multivalent Nb constructs that achieved ultrahigh neutralization potency (half-maximal inhibitory concentration as low as 0.058 ng/ml) and may prevent mutational escape. These thermostable Nbs can be rapidly produced in bulk from microbes and resist lyophilization and aerosolization.
The Effectiveness of Transition Interventions to Support Older Patients From Hospital to Home: A Systematic Scoping Review

Background: Interventions supporting older adults’ transition from hospital to home can address geriatric needs. Yet this evidence base is fragmented. This review describes transitional interventions that provide pre- and post-discharge support for older adults and evaluates their implementation and effectiveness in improving health and well-being. Method: Articles were included if they examined the extent to which transitional interventions were effective in improving health and well-being outcomes and reducing hospital readmission rates among older adults. Results: Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria. Four types of interventions were identified: education-based (10/20); goal-oriented (4/20); exercise (4/20); and social support interventions (2/20). Education and goal-oriented interventions were effective in improving health and well-being outcomes. The impact of interventions on mitigating hospital readmissions was inconclusive. Only five studies examined implementation. Discussion: Older adults transitioning from hospital to home would benefit from tailored education and goal-oriented interventions that promote their capacity for self-care.
The Effects of Increasing Penalties in Drunk Driving Laws—Evidence from Chile

This paper analyzes Chile’s drunk driving laws and their effects on car crashes, injuries, and deaths. There were two policy changes. While the 2012 law increased license suspension penalties and decreased the legal blood alcohol limits for drivers, the 2014 law only increased sanctions, including at least one year of actual imprisonment for drunk driving implicated in car crashes with severe injury or death. We use a rich data set of countrywide administrative records that permit us to identify direct measures of alcohol-related accidents, including fatalities and injuries. We also have access to blood alcohol tests to assess whether the laws affected drivers’ alcohol consumption. Using count data models and a rich set of covariates, including police stops and gasoline sales, we find a short-run decrease in accidents and injuries for the 2012 law and a sustained decline in these outcomes for the 2014 law. Neither intervention has an effect on deaths. There is a marginal decline in alcohol consumption after the enactment of both legal changes. However, while the 2012 law only affects male drivers, the 2014 law affects both males and females. No reductions in alcohol intake are found for heavy drinkers.
Erythrocyte, Platelet, Serum Ferritin, and P-Selectin Pathophysiology Implicated in Severe Hypercoagulation and Vascular Complications in COVID-19

Progressive respiratory failure is seen as a major cause of death in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2)-induced infection. Relatively little is known about the associated morphologic and molecular changes in the circulation of these patients. In particular, platelet and erythrocyte pathology might result in severe vascular issues, and the manifestations may include thrombotic complications. These thrombotic pathologies may be both extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary and may be central to respiratory failure. Previously, we reported the presence of amyloid microclots in the circulation of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we investigate the presence of related circulating biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin, and P-selectin. These biomarkers are well-known to interact with, and cause pathology to, platelets and erythrocytes. We also study the structure of platelets and erythrocytes using fluorescence microscopy (using the markers PAC-1 and CD62PE) and scanning electron microscopy. Thromboelastography and viscometry were also used to study coagulation parameters and plasma viscosity. We conclude that structural pathologies found in platelets and erythrocytes, together with spontaneously formed amyloid microclots, may be central to vascular changes observed during COVID-19 progression, including thrombotic microangiopathy, diffuse intravascular coagulation, and large-vessel thrombosis, as well as ground-glass opacities in the lungs. Consequently, this clinical snapshot of COVID-19 strongly suggests that it is also a true vascular disease and considering it as such should form an essential part of a clinical treatment regime.