Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Active ingestion of fluorescently labeled bacteria by mesopelagic heterotrophic nanoflagellates in the East Sea, Korea

To determine whether heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) in the mesopelagial actively ingest bacteria and whether HNF grazing rates comprise a significant fraction of the mesopelagic bacterial production, we measured uptake rates of fluorescently labeled bacteria (FLB) by mesopela- gic HNF and bacterial production in the East Sea, 5 times from April 1996 to September 1997. Although bacterial abundance and production were much lower in the mesopelagic than in the epi- pelagic zone, HNF clearance rates and volume-specific HNF clearance rates in both layers were usu- ally within the same range, 1 to 11 nl HNF -1 h -1 and 0.1 to 1 〈 10 6 h -1 , respectively. Two samples in the mesopelagial showed somewhat increased clearance rates (14 to 16 nl HNF -1 h -1 ) and volume- specific HNF clearance rates (up to 2.6 〈 10 6 h -1 ). Fractions of actively grazing HNF were not statisti- cally different in the 2 layers (epipelagial: 33 to 98%, mesopelagial: 22 to 79%) in most cruises. HNF grazing rates in the mesopelagial (0.1 to 1.1 〈 10 6 cells l -1 h -1 ) were either major fractions of or often greater than bacterial production, suggesting that HNF grazing on bacteria was the major fate of mesopelagic bacterial production at the study site.
Microclimate and Nest-Site Selection in Micronesian Kingfishers1

ABSTRACT We studied the relationship between microclimate and nest-site selection in the Pohnpei Micronesian Kingfisher (Todiramphus cinnamominus reichenbachii) which excavates nest cavities from the mudlike nest structures of arboreal termites (Nasutitermes sp.) or termitaria. Mean daily high temperatures at termitaria were cooler and daily low temperatures were warmer than at random sites in the forest. Results also indicate that termitaria provided insulation from temperature extremes, and that temperatures inside termitaria were within the thermoneutral zone of Micronesian Kingfishers more often than those outside. No differences were identified in temperatures at sites where nest termitaria and nonnest termitaria occurred or among the insulation properties of used and unused termitaria. These results suggest that although termitaria provide insulation from thermal extremes and a metabolically less stressful microclimate, kingfishers did not select from among available termitaria based on their thermal properties. Our findings are relevant to conservation efforts for the critically endangered Guam Micronesian Kingfisher (T. c. cinnamominus) which is extinct in the wild and exists only as a captive population. Captive breeding facilities should provide aviaries with daily ambient temperatures ranging from 22.06 °C to 28.05 °C to reduce microclimate-associated metabolic stress and to replicate microclimates used by wild Micronesian Kingfishers.
Studies on endophytic Burkholderia sp. from sugarcane and its screening for plant growth promoting potential

The occurrence of Burkholderia genus as plant endophyte indigenous to locally cultivated sugarcane crop was studied. Totally 22 endophytic isolates were obtained from TB-T medium plates of which 10 were found to be putatively endophytic in sugarcane. The morphological, biochemical and MALDI-TOF MS analysis were done and 5 endophytic Burkholderia sp. isolates were identified. Among them, the isolate Burkholderia sp. ES4 shown maximum; diazotrophic activity (total nitrogen: 11.9 mg g -1 of malate; nitrogenase activity: 578.3 n mol C2H4 released h -1 mg -1 protein), mineral solubilization activity (10.2mm, 8.2mm and 3.2 mm solublization zone of P, ZnO and CaCO3 respectively; available phosphorous: 0.72mg ml -1 ), antagonistic activity (54.56 percent inhibition of Colletotrichum falcatum mycelium) and phytohormone production (IAA (16.09 μg ml -1 ); GA (10.54 μg ml -1 )), thereby revealing its plant growth promoting potential. The 16S r RNA gene sequence of the isolate Burkholderia sp. ES4 was sequenced and its phylogenetic analysis shown that the isolate forms a monophyletic subclade within the plant-beneficial-environment‟ (PBE) Burkholderia group. Thus a potent native plant endophytic strain, Burkholderia sp. ES4 that could be developed as biofertilizer inoculum for sugarcane crop, was obtained in this study. R. Arthee * and P. Marimuthu
QUANTUM APPROACH TO THE GRAVITATIONAL WAVES

The study proposes a quantum approach to explain existence and main features of the gravitational wave s radiated by an isolated two body orbiting system. T he quantum eigenvalues of such a system are calcula ted with the help of the space-time quantum uncertainty , without additional hypotheses via an “ab initio” model. The approach is deliberately non-relativisti c: The model does not implement any relativistic assumption and shows that the mere quantum approach is enough to get energy loss and orbit radius contraction coincident with that early inferred by Einstein. However the outcomes of the model also show features typical of the quantum systems, which are purposely discussed.
Caregiver’s perception about learning for home care

The objective was to know the perception of the caregiver about the learning needs of care to be performed at home. This is an exploratory descriptive research, with a qualitative approach. Data collection occurred through a semi-structured interview, from August to October 2014, with six caregivers of patients hospitalized in a medium-sized hospital in the municipality of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State. The data were analyzed by the content analysis method, identifying two categories: The caregiver's perception about the learning needs; The attendance of the caregiver's learning needs. The study showed that the learning based on empirical, instinctive and observational methodologies, without the participation of the nurse in the process. There is need to improve this learning. The participation of the nurse as an educator in the planning, organization and development of the educational action stands out, since he/she is part of the care; however, the caregivers did not visualize this professional.
Tetrahedral hydrocarbon nanoparticles in space: X-ray spectra

It has been proposed, or confirmed, that diamond nanoparticles exist in various environments in space: close to active galactic nuclei, in the vicinity of supernovae and pulsars, in the interior of several planets in the Solar system, in carbon planets and other exoplanets, carbon-rich stars, meteorites, in X-ray active Herbig Ae/Be stars, and in the interstellar medium. Using density functional theory methods we calculate the carbon K-edge X-ray absorption spectrum of two large tetrahedral nanodiamonds: C26H32 and C51H52. We also study and test our methods on the astrophysical molecule CH4, the smallest C-H tetrahedral structure. A possible detection of nanodiamonds from X-ray spectra by future telescopes, such as the project Arcus, is proposed. Simulated spectra of the diffuse interstellar medium using Cyg X-2 as a source show that nanodiamonds studied in this work can be detected by Arcus, a high resolution X-ray spectrometer mission selected by NASA for a Phase A concept study.
Goanna static analysis at the NIST static analysis tool exposition

In 2010 Red Lizard software participated for the first time in the Static Analysis Tool Exposition (SATE) organized by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) with the static analysis tool Goanna. The aim of SATE is to advance static analysis research and solutions that detect serious security and quality issues in source code. Goanna is a static analysis solution for the desktop and server, which find detects bugs in C/C++ source code by a combination of static analysis techniques with model checking technology. This report will give a brief introduction to source code analysis with Goanna, it describes how the submission to SATE was prepared, the results that were obtained, and some of the lessons that were learned in the process.
Seed soak-sorting prior to sowing affects the size and quality of 1.5-year-old containerized Picea abies seedlings

We studied the effect of soak-sorting Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. ) seeds on emer- gence, development and quality of container seedlings in two commercial seed lots. The seeds, separated by soaking into bottom and surface fractions, were sown in June, and the seedlings were grownduringtwogrowingseasonsundertypicalFinnishnurseryconditions. �Thefirstsummer � seedlings were grown in a greenhouse and outdoors for the second, full growing season. All sunkenseedswerefullandviabl eaccordingtoradiography , �whereasthefloatingseedscontained � 2%�and �13% �larvae-filledand �8% �and �1 1% �anatomicallyimmatureseeds, �dependingontheseed � lot. Seedlings grown from the bottom fraction seed emerged 2.5-3.5 days earlier than seedlings of storage dry (i.e. control) seed. Height, diameter, and shoot and root dry mass of the seedlings wereaf fectedbysoakingafterboththefirstandsecondgrowingseasons. �Thelar gestseedlings � originated from the bottom fraction. The proportion of saleable seedlings was four percentage points higher in the bottom fraction than in the other seedlings. The effects of soaking found in this study are more notable than as previously reported for Norway spruce seedlings. This suggests that soaking and soak-sorting may be most useful when the growing conditions are stressful, i.e. when seeds are sown in summer rather than 1-year-old seedling crops sown in spring under the climate conditions typical of Finland.
Fertilización orgánica: una alternativa para la producción de chile piquín bajo condiciones protegidas

El chile piquin (Capsicum annuum L., var. aviculture) es un recurso vegetal silvestre de amplia distribucion geografica en la Republica Mexicana (Forero et al., 2009; Pagan et al., 2010; Rueda-Puente et al., 2010). Para los habitantes de la region noreste de Mexico esta especie representa una fuente alimenticia, medicinal y generadora de ingresos adicionales.
The impact of pricing strategies on time-on-market under various economic conditions

This study examines how price adjustments in a flat's marketing phase, along with various housing attributes, influence its time-on-market (TOM). A Cox survival model is used for the analysis of two separate periods, one of economic downturns (2003) and one of economic recovery (2004--2006), in Hong Kong. Factors such as price adjustments, sale price, numerous housing attributes, general property price trend, and changes in unemployment rate have significant impacts on TOM, with their respective impacts changing over time. Specifically, the effectiveness of raising list prices before transactions, in optimizing sellers’ returns and TOM, depends on economic conditions as well as on the market expectations regarding future property prices. Directions on future studies are then discussed.
Automotive vehicle engine mount based on an MR squeeze-mode damper: modeling and simulation

The study investigates the performance of a semi-active vehicle engine mount incorporating an MR damper working in the squeeze mode (MRSQD), summarising its design, operating principles and key characteristics. The mathematical model of the mount is formulated based on the newly developed MRSQD. Two control algorithms are proposed for MRSQD control. The first algorithm (ALG1) uses the inverse model of the engine-frame system, the other is the sliding mode algorithm (ALG2). The effectiveness of the engine mount system is demonstrated in computer simulation.
The optical singularities of birefringent dichroic chiral crystals

Using a new formalism involving projection from the sphere of directions to the stereographic plane, and associated complex variables, explicit formulae are obtained for the two refractive indices and polarizations in optically anisotropic crystals that are both dichroic (absorbing) and chiral (optically active). This enables three types of polarization singularity to be classified and explored: singular axes, which are degeneracies where the two refractive indices are equal, and which for a transparent non–chiral crystal condense pairwise onto the optic axes; C points, where the polarization is purely circular (right– or left–handed), with topological index +1, +½ or +¼ and whose positions are independent of the chirality; and L lines, where the polarization is purely linear, dividing direction space into regions with right– and left–handedness. A local model captures essential features of the general theory. Interference figures generated by slabs of crystal viewed directly or through a polarizer and/or analyser enable the singularities to be displayed directly.
The expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition related factors in human colorectal cancer cell lines

Purpose: Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a well characterized embryological process thought to play a vital role in tumor progression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of EMT-related factors and then use EMT status to identify high metastatic potential in commonly used human colorectal cancer cell lines. Methods: In 11 commonly used cell lines, total mRNA expression levels were checked for the cell markers E- cadherin, vimentin, N-cadherin, and fibronectin, and the transcription factors snail, slug, twist, and SIP1 using real time PCR. Results: E-cadherin expression was positive in COLO205, DLD1, and SW48 cell lines. Vimentin expression was positive in COLO205, DLD1, HCT15, KM20, and SW480. Three different EMT status groups were defined according to mRNA expression of the cell markers. The epithelial phenotype expressed E-cadherin without vimentin (SW48), incomplete EMT phenotypes either concurrently expressed or did not express both E-cadherin and vimentin (CACO2, COLO205, DLD1, KM12C, KM12SM, LoVo, and RKO), and complete EMT phenotypes expressed vimentin without E-cadherin (HCT15, KM20, and SW480). The mRNA expression of transcription factors had no correlation with expression of vimentin, N-cadherin, and fibronectin, but there was an inverse directional correlation between mRNA expression levels of transcription factors and E-cadherin. There were no statistically significant correlations, however. Conclusion: Ten cell lines among the 11 were included in the incomplete and complete EMT groups. These findings could provide evidence of the high tumorigenesis and metastatic properties. The levels of mRNA expression and EMT status of human colorectal cancer cell lines can be applied to further investigations into cancer progression.
WINDII observations and TIME‐GCM simulations of O(1S) polar spirals during geomagnetic disturbances

The daytime O(1S) emission at 557.7 nm observed at 250 km with the Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII) is dominantly excited by photoelectron impact on atomic oxygen, so the volume emission rate is normally a measure of the atomic oxygen concentration. Daily polar maps of the 250 km volume emission rate during geomagnetic disturbances display polar spirals extending out of the auroral region and down to the equator. Since the local time is fixed for a given latitude for a single day, the spiral maps form a spatio‐temporal pattern in which the longitudinal variations cannot be distinguished from those in universal time. Simulations for 2 January 1993 implemented with the National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIME‐GCM) using the equivalent satellite perspective show a remarkably similar spiral pattern. Hourly universal time simulations reveal a rapid equatorward expansion of the spirals during this modest geomagnetic event of Kp = 4.7, which are mirrored in the meridional and vertical winds. Simulations of the electron density show that the emission within the spirals is caused by the recombination of O2+ ions with electrons, and not the atomic oxygen enhancement itself. All of this strongly suggests that the spirals are in fact large‐scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs), and comparisons of the WINDII data made with TID observations reported in the literature, including those made on the same day, support this conclusion. The TIME‐GCM simulations suggest that a component of the spirals originates in the lower atmosphere and appears at thermospheric heights.
Effect of “Tai Chi Chuan” on Depression in elderly women

Introduction: Depression is the second leading cause of disability in elderlies only after physical causes that reduces social activities, impairs cognitive functioning and reduces quality of life. Today regular exercise is a well-established modality in modern medicine and it is the first line consideration in the field of lifestyle modification for prevention and management of chronic conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Tai Chi Chuan exercises on depression in elderly women. Method: This study was a quasi-experimental, pre-test, post-test with control group design. Sixty elderly retired women, members of national Iranian oil company, participated in the study based on eligibility criteria. Subjects were chosen through purposive sampling and assigned randomly to intervention and control groups. Intervention consisted of 24 sessions of Tai Chi Chuan for 8 weeks (3 times a week). Data collection instruments were a demographic questionnaire and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The data were analyzed using inferential statistic tests (Fisher's exact test, chi square, t-test and paired t-test) in SPSS version 19 software. Results: Before the intervention, the mean score of depression was 10/34 in experimental group and 10/38 in control group and this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0/668). After the intervention the mean score of depression reduced to 6/72 in experimental group and 10/09 in control group. Analysis of covariance confirmed that this significant reduction in depression levels was due to Tai Chi Chuan exercises (p< 0/001). Conclusion: The results showed that Tai Chi Chuan exercise reduced depression levels in the elderly women. Therefore, it is suggested that Tai Chi Chuan as one form of safe and cost effective complementary medicine should be used more commonly for promoting mental health profile of the elders.
Idealized WRF model sensitivity simulations of sea breeze types and their effects on offshore windfields

Abstract. The behaviour and characteristics of the marine component of sea breeze cells have received little attention relative to their onshore counterparts. Yet there is a growing interest and dependence on the offshore wind climate from, for example, a wind energy perspective. Using idealized model experiments, we investigate the sea breeze circulation at scales which approximate to those of the southern North Sea, a region of major ongoing offshore wind farm development. We also contrast the scales and characteristics of the pure and the little known corkscrew and backdoor sea breeze types, where the type is pre-defined by the orientation of the synoptic scale flow relative to the shoreline. We find, crucially, that pure sea breezes, in contrast to corkscrew and backdoor types, can lead to substantial wind speed reductions offshore and that the addition of a second eastern coastline emphasises this effect through generation of offshore "calm zones". The offshore extent of all sea breeze types is found to be sensitive to both the influence of Coriolis acceleration and to the boundary layer scheme selected. These extents range, for example for a pure sea breeze produced in a 2 m s−1 offshore gradient wind, from 0 km to 21 km between the Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino and the Yonsei State University schemes respectively. The corkscrew type restricts the development of a backdoor sea breeze on the opposite coast and is also capable of traversing a 100 km offshore domain even under high along-shore gradient wind speed (>15 m s−1) conditions. Realistic variations in sea surface skin temperature and initializing vertical thermodynamic profile do not significantly alter the resulting circulation, though the strengths of the simulated sea breezes are modulated if the effective land-sea thermal contrast is altered. We highlight how sea breeze impacts on circulation need to be considered in order to improve the accuracy of both assessments of the offshore wind energy climate and forecasts of wind energy output.
Transition From Sagebrush Steppe to Annual Grass (Bromus tectorum): Influence on Belowground Carbon and Nitrogen

Abstract Vegetation changes associated with climate shifts and anthropogenic disturbance have major impacts on biogeochemical cycling. Much of the interior western United States currently is dominated by sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) ecosystems. At low to intermediate elevations, sagebrush ecosystems increasingly are influenced by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) invasion. Little currently is known about the distribution of belowground organic carbon (OC) on these changing landscapes, how annual grass invasion affects OC pools, or the role that nitrogen (N) plays in carbon (C) retention. As part of a Joint Fire Sciences-funded project called the Sagebrush Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP), we quantified the depth distribution of soil OC and N at seven sites experiencing cheatgrass invasion. We sampled plots that retained sagebrush, but represented a continuum of cheatgrass invasion into the understory. Eighty-four soil cores were taken using a mechanically driven diamond-tipped core drill to a depth of 90 cm, or until bedrock or a restrictive layer was encountered. Samples were taken in 15-cm increments, and soil, rocks, and roots were analyzed for OC and total N. We determined that cheatgrass influences the vertical distribution of OC and N within the soil profile and might result in decreased soil OC content below 60 cm. We also found that OC and total N associated with coarse fragments accounted for at least 10% of belowground pools. This emphasizes the need for researchers to quantify nutrients in deep soil horizons and coarse fragments.
Panel Count Data Analysis of Determinants of Cigarette Smoking: Evidence from British Household Panel Survey, 2001-2009

Count Datasets contain relatively larger number of realizations of nonnegative integer-valued random variable. The nature necessitates application of regression models based on binomial probability distributions including Poisson, Zero-Inflated Poisson or Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial distributions to infer valid predictions. This paper will use micro-dataset from the British Household Panel Survey (Abbreviated and Well-known as BHPS) to identify factors determining the participation decisions to smoke at the individual level. It is evident from the results that the educated and married person’s participation to smoke is lower than the participation of divorced and separated individuals. Congruent participation to smoke of unemployed or newly employed is higher. The empirical results persuade a more details investigation in a comparable theme to contribute to scarcity of research in health economics to determine causal factors of smoking and formulate more effective health policies.