Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flow cytometric estimation of nuclear DNA amount in diploid bananas (Musa acuminata andM. balbisiana)

Cell nuclei were isolated from leaf tissues of wild banana (Musa balbisiana, M. acuminata ssp, banksii and M. acuminata ssp. errans) and of the two vegetative clones of diploid cultivar "Pisang Mas". Relative fluorescence intensity was measured on propidiurn iodide-stained nuclei by flow cytometry. Nuclei isolated from Glycine max with known nuclear genome size were used as internal standard to determine nuclear DNA content of Musa in absolute units. The results of the study showed that the size of nuclear genome of Musa is smaller than previously estimated. In general, it is smaller in comparison with many other angiosperms. Furthermore, it was found that nuclear DNA content of M. balbisiana (genome BB) is significantly lower than that ofM. acuminata subspecies and cultivars (genome AA). This finding should permit estimation of genome composition in Iriploid Musa clones with expected hybrid composition. Flow cytometry is proposed as a useful technique with potential applications in taxonomy, breeding and biotechnology of Musa.
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL FACULDADE DE AGRONOMIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM FITOTECNIA CARACTERIZAÇÃO FENOTÍPICA E MOLECULAR DE GENÓTIPOS DE FUMO UTILIZADOS NO SUL DO BRASIL

By knowing the germplasm available, the tobacco breeder will be better supported to strategically plan the use of parents aiming the increase of genetic variance in segregant population. It is of general concern that tobacco has a narrow genetic base, but a study on the genotypes used in breeding programs in the south of Brazil, has not been performed yet. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the genetic base and to characterize tobacco genotypes utilized in breeding programs in the south of Brazil through phenotypical traits and molecular markers, comparing different methods in distinguishing individual genotypes. Thirty two tobacco genotypes were evaluated for 32 phenotypical traits, 271 RAPD markers, 86 microsatellites and 486 AFLP markers. Phenotypical traits, RAPD and AFLP molecular markers, were effective to distinguish the genotypes studied, estimating a moderate genetic similarity and a narrow genetic base. Nonetheless, variability for phenotypical traits of more economical importance in tobacco was found, making it possible to characterize the 32 genotypes individually through 23 from the 32 phenotypical traits evaluated. The genotypes K-326 LF and BY-64 differed from the others an distinguished themselves in traits of economical importance, such as yield, leaves quality, nicotine level and stem content, being of great potential as parents for superior crosses. Specific RAPD and AFLP markers were identified as able to individually distinguish the genotypes studied. The results of this study allow to conclude that the different methods utilized complement each other in distinguishing genotypes and that they must be utilized together for germplas e variety development of tobacco. _________ Master of Science dissertation in Agronomy, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. (122 p.) April, 2002.
OCCURRENCE AND VARIABILITY OF B-VITAMINS IN SPRING WHEATS

Wheat is a vital crop providing important nutrients for human diet along with certain B vitamins i.e. B1 (thiamin), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin) and B6 (pyridoxine) which are very important for metabolic processes of body.These vitamins are concentrated in grain outer layer thus milling process affects these vitamins to a larger extent and may reduce their level.These losses can be maintained by making yeast leavened bread and a further increase in the level of these vitamins can be achieved by escalating bread fermentation time.The present study was designed to estimate the inconsistency in B vitamin concentrations in spring wheats, grains and milling fractions of wheat, and also to identify the storing up of these vitamins from the grain to the bread for identifying the wheat varieties of elevated nutritional quality.Vitamin B concentration of ten spring wheats was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Different fermentation techniques (short, long and sourdough fermentation) were applied for bread preparation.Effect of these fermentation techniques on level of B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and pyridoxine) was also examined by HPLC and the products were evaluated for their sensory characteristics.The resultant data were subjected to statistical analysis to check the level of significance through software Statistics 8.1. Pearsonâ€™s correlation was also applied to evaluate the interdependence of different parameters studied.
Techniques of random signal recognition for solution to applied problems

Solutions to non-traditional problems of signal recognition are considered. Special treatment is given to the case when defined in the probabilistic sense signals to recognize are mixed with unknown signals. Methods for selection and recognition of a defined random signal are proposed for the cases when signal’s description is done by various probabilistic models. Real-life peculiarities of application of methods for selection and recognition of a defined random signal in the field of radiolocation, automated radiomonitoring, medical diagnostics and speaker identification are given. Розглянуто вирішення нетрадиційних задач розпізнавання сигналів, коли на розпізнавання подаються невідомі сигнали наряду з сигналами, заданими у ймовірнісному сенсі. Запропоновано методи селекції і розпізнавання заданих випадкових сигналів під час їх описування різними ймовірнісними моделями. Наведено практичні особливості застосування методів селекції і розпізнавання заданих сигналів у галузях радіолокації, радіомоніторінгу, медичної діагностики та ідентифікації дикторів.
LES COMPARTIMENTS D'ACETYLCHOLINE DE L'ORGANE ELECTRIQUE DE LA TORPILLE ET LEURS MODIFICATIONS PAR LA STIMULATION

Résumé— L'acétylcholine ‘libre’ et ‘liée’ a été mesurée avant et après stimulation de l'organe électrique de la Torpille in vivo ou in vitro, sur des tranches de tissu incubées dans une solution physiologique. Des potentiels de plaque miniatures peuvent être enregistrés. Des déharges d'une amplitude atteignant 30 V ont été obtenues après stimulation du tissu. La réponse électrique décroît rapidement lors de stimulations répétitives. L'acétylcholine ‘libre’ est celle qui est hydrolysée en cours d'homogénéisation par les estérases du tissu, l'acétyl‐choline ‘liée’ ne l'est pas. Dans l'homogénat, cette dernière est associée aux vésicules synaptiques. L'acétylcholine ‘libre’ est mesurée par la différence entre l'acétylcholine totale et l'acétylcholine ‘liée’. Une baisse d'acétylcholine ‘libre’ est mise en évidence lorsque la réponse électrophysiologique est épuisée par la stimulation. La chute d'acétylcholine ‘libre’ est, comme l'amplitude de la déharge, dépendante du rapport Ca2+/Mg2+. Dans d'autres expériences une diminution des deux compartiments a été notée à la fin de la période de stimulation. Cependant nous avons aussi observé successivement la chute de l'acétylcholine ‘libre’ puis celle de l'acétylcholine ‘liée’ lorsque la stimulation est poursuivie. En présence d'inhibiteurs d'estérase on peut recueillir de l'acétylcholine libérée par stimulation dans la solution physiologique. Une préincubation des tissus avec de la [14C]choline permet de marquer les compartiments d'acétylcholine. La radioactivité spéifique varie dans le compartiment ‘libre’ aprés une série de stimulations, alors qu'elle reste stable dans le compartiment ‘lié’. Ces résultats indiquent que l'acétylcholine ‘libre’ représente un compartiment immédiatement disponible, libéré quand on stimule le tissu.
Two New Species of Stenamma (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Indian Himalaya With a Revised Key to the Palaearctic and Oriental Species

Two new species of genus Stenamma viz Stenamma wilsoni sp. nov. and Stenamma jhitingriense sp. nov. are described from Indian Himalaya. This adds two more species to the genus from Indian Himalaya, with only Stenamma kashmirense Baroni Urbani, 1977 described earlier. A revised key to 26 species from Palaearctic and Oriental is provided here with.
A creative collaboration between the science of ecosystem restoration and art for sustainable stormwater management on an urban college campus

This article presents an interdisciplinary, on‐campus, student project, titled “The Rain Project” that I designed as an urban ecosystem restoration model as well as a collaborative pedagogical approach between ecological science and art at George Mason University (GMU), Virginia, U.S.A. A group of students from several disciplines (e.g. environmental science, art, civil engineering, biology, communication, and film/media) participated in designing and constructing a floating wetland for a campus stormwater pond as part of sustainable stormwater management. The Rain Project has numerous implications for college education, scholarship, and service while presenting a novel way of building a sense of community among undergraduate students for ecological awareness and literacy. The work of Jackie Brookner, a renowned eco‐artist who worked extensively on stormwater, and its relevance to the project is discussed. I strongly suggest the need for linking art and the science of ecosystem restoration to best obtain improvements in much‐needed communication for the success of community participatory restoration projects. I also believe that this kind of interdisciplinary, campus project can facilitate the changes we need to train higher education students to be able to both think differently and communicate effectively. The Rain Project introduced students to new learning strategies that connected “systems thinking” with art, ecological science, and restoration practices.
Extended energy‐loss fine structure spectroscopy of structural modifications in Nd2CuO4−δ at the oxygen K edge

The discovery of the superconducting electron‐doped compound Nd185Ce015CuO4−δ has stimulated great interest in its micro‐ and crystal structure, since the superconducting properties depend on parameters such as nonstoichiometry, phase composition, heat treatment and microstructure. The work presented herein is focused on the determination of the oxygen environment in the undoped parent compound Nd2CuO4 and in the structural modification Nd2CuO35
Synthesis and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Semicarbazone Derivatives

In present study, a series of chalconesemicarbazones was synthesized and evaluated for antioxidant activity by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Most of the compounds were found to be potent antioxidant. Free radicals play an important role in various pathological and xenotoxic effects so antioxidant may have protective role in these pathological conditions. Based on the results of an anti-oxidant study, Compound 23 was the most active compound. The highest scavenger activity observed in compound 23 is probably due to the presence of hydroxyl group in the acetophenic moiety and methoxy group in aldehydic moiety of chalcone. It was found that methoxy and hydroxyl substituted chalconesemicarbazones were potent nitric oxide scavenger and unsubstituted compound showed very less activity.
Components of Reproductive Isolation between Subspecies of an Annual Plant

Reproductive isolation is required in the divergence of species. The components of reproductive isolation are separated into either ecological or genetic components. In plants these include: habitat, temporal, pollinator fidelity, gametic incompatibility, zygotic mortality, hybrid viability, male and female hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown. Cleistogamy, the production of closed obligate self-fertilizing flowers, creates a barrier to gene flow by preventing hybridization. However, there have been few studies that have investigated its impact in reproductive isolation. A unique opportunity arose to determine the degree of isolation that cleistogamy provides. In multiple sites within Pitt County two subspecies of an annual, cleistogamous plant Triodanis co-occur. Each subspecies exhibit a mixture of cleistogamous and open (Chasmogamous) flowers. Soil moisture and content were quantified at several sites where they co-occur to calculate the extent that each contributes to the isolation of the two subspecies. Calculations show that there are significant differences in the soil for moisture, content and ability to hold water. Observations in the field were also made to calculate the overlap of flowering and it was found that the species do in fact overlap, therefore, unlikely to impact prezygotic isolation. To quantify the extent of postzygotic isolation due to cleistogamy, the number of seeds produced was quantified between open and closed flowers. By using hand pollination, an F1 generation was made and raised in the greenhouse to calculate viability (survivorship and biomass). Results show that F1's are in fact viable and in some cases appear to be as large or larger than parentals. A variety of other reproductive barriers were also quantified, allowing us to determine the total amount of isolation for each subspecies as well as the relative amount of isolation due to cleistogamy. This study is essential to the understanding of cleistogamy as a component of reproductive isolation both pre and postzygotic.
Impact of Some Avermectins on Lactoperoxidase in Bovine Milk

Many macrocyclic lactones, including avermectins, are known to be used as a veterinary drug, agricultural pesticides, and insecticides. Lactoperoxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) is one of the peroxidases found in milk. Lactoperoxidase has a natural host defense system against micro-organisms and a natural antimicrobial system. In this study, some macrocyclic lactones, including emamectin-benzoate, doramectin, eprinomectin, abamectin, moxidectin-vetranal, and ivermectin were investigated for in vitro inhibitory effects on the bovine lactoperoxidase enzyme, which was purified using amberlite CG-50 H+ resin and sepharose 4B-L-tyrosine-sulphanamide affinity chromatography 344.6-fold, with a yield of 61.1% and a specific activity of 39.11 EU/mg protein. Emamectin-benzoate, doramectin, eprinomectin, abamectin, moxidectin-vetranal, and ivermectin are also known strong antiparasitary properties. In this study, we demonstrated that avermectins have strong lactoperoxidase inhibitory effects. Of these, the emamectin-benzoate was shown to have the most inhibiting effect against lactoperoxidase with Ki value of 6.82 ± 2.60 µM.
Alternativas metodológicas do teste de envelhecimento acelerado em sementes de coentro

This study aimed to adapt the methodology of the accelerated aging test to assess the physiological seed of Coriandrum sativum L. Six batches of seeds were tested for germination, emergence rate index, seedling emergence and accelerated aging employing the aging periods of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, the traditional methodology with water and the use of unsaturated and saturated sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. Accelerated aging test using saturated saline 24 hours in a combination with 41oC, is adequate to evaluate the physiological potential of coriander seeds. The period of 48 hour for accelerated aging method using saturated saline or not, is also effective in the evaluation vigor test of coriander seeds.
Bayesian Inversion and Regression Trees for Mixing Length Model Development

Current trends in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) sees numerical models developed primarily through parameter tuning, which is in turn based on experiments and intuition. Whilst such approaches have been traditionally useful, they are now becoming difficult to manage due to their sheer complexity, and specificity to particular flow problems. This in turn leads to CFD solutions with increased computational complexity, and little benefit in the overall accuracy or validity of the final solution. Moreover, these analytical methods do not make full use of existing direct numerical simulation (DNS) datasets. Therefore, in this paper an innovative method of improving a CFD wall model through the use of classic big-data techniques will be investigated. These techniques will make full use of current DNS by looking for important flow features, and fitting optimal regressors in order to validate and simplify current CFD wall models. This will be achieved by using a Bayesian methodology to correct a mixing length model, coupled with a regression tree to infer solutions at various friction Reynolds numbers.
Remodeling of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptome in response to acetic acid

Sluggish or stuck wine fermentations occasionally occur in wineries and wines from these problem fermentations are susceptible to microbial spoilage and oxidation. Many factors, including the presence of acetic acid are correlated with these fermentations. The effect of acetic acid inhibition on the growth and fermentation rate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been well studied but mainly under laboratory conditions in media containing 1 % to at most 5 % glucose while shaking. These conditions are vastly different from wine-making conditions and we have a limited knowledge as to why stuck or sluggish fermentations occur. We used D N A microarray technology to investigate how 0.5, 1.5 or 3.0 g/L acetic acid affected the transcriptome of fermenting wine yeast after 20, 50 or 70 % of the sugars had been fermented. Global gene expression analyses revealed that when S. cerevisiae is under acetic acid stress, several metabolic processes are affected. The data collected after addition of 1.5 g/L acetic acid added at 20 % of the sugars were fermented show an up-regulation oiPDR12 and PMA1 that encode ATPdependent protein pumps to expel the weak acid anion and proton to prevent internal acidification. GLK1, TPS3, TSL1, TPS1, TPS2, NTH1, and NTH2 involved in trehalose metabolism were up-regulated as were GPD1, HOR2, and DAK1 involved in glycerol metabolism. Genes in sphingolipid metabolism including SUR2, LAC1, YPC1, SCS7 and DPL1 were up-regulated. The up-regulation of the genes in the T C A and electron transport chain even with 17.6 % (w/v) sugars remaining in the fermentation was surprising and might well be in response to an increased demand for ATP by the proton pumps. Genes involved in the general stress response including the transcription factors MSN2/4 were up-regulated as were 66 of 181 genes thought to be dependent on
Ejaz, Bisma and Muazzam, Amina and Anjum, Ambreen and Pollock, Gary and Nawaz, Raheel (2020)Measuring the Scale and Scope of Social Anxiety among Students in Pakistani Higher Education Institutions: An Alternative Social Anxiety

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is neither just shyness, nor for most victims does it merely involve an inability to speak in public. For most sufferers of this disorder, it could be a pervasive, disabling condition that steals away opportunities for a richer, fuller life. Having an early onset and combining high prevalence rates with serious negative effects on functioning and quality of life, SAD is a public health problem of considerable magnitude. Hence, its assessment using a standardized measure and timely intervention can completely preempt or at least lessen the severity of this psychiatric illness. So far SAD among students in higher education institutions is a less investigated area of study in Pakistan. Students generally avoid reporting difficulties they experience while making interactions with people and quietly try to combat with their fears in social settings. Proper and timely diagnosis and treatment of SAD are required, and for this purpose, the need of the hour is to create a culturally oriented measuring instrument for proper surveillance of the student population in Pakistan. This paper, drawing from a study conducted at Higher Education Institutions (HEI) across Pakistan, addresses this issue by devising an indigenous, comprehensive, well-founded and valid scale of social anxiety in the Urdu language. The use of this scale, both in general and patient care settings, would effectively screen individuals who could be at risk of being victimized by this disorder. This alternative Social Anxiety Scale (SAS) carefully evaluates social behaviors and attitudes while also ensuring that cultural perspectives are considered, which would also encourage clinicians to evaluate SAD in Pakistani population.
Image potential states of germanene

We have measured the two-dimensional image potential states (IPS) of a germanene layer synthesized on a Ge2Pt crystal using scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy. The IPS spectrum of germanene exhibits several differences as compared to the IPS spectrum of pristine Ge(001). First, the n = 1 peak of the Rydberg series of the IPS spectrum of germanene has two contributions, labelled n = 1- and n = 1+, respectively. The peak at the lower energy side is weaker and is associated to the mirror-symmetric state with opposite parity. The appearance of this peak indicates that the interaction between the germanene layer and the substrate is very weak. Second, the work function of germanene is about 0.75 eV lower in energy than the work function of Ge(001). This large difference in work function of germanene and pristine Ge(001) is in agreement with first-principles calculations.
Controversies of Origin of Domestic Dog-III-References of Modern Dogs until 2006

DOI: 10.21276/sjavs.2017. 4.11. 8 Abstract: The domesticated dog was used not only to protect properties and warn of approaching animals or humans by barking day or night, but also it was used to hunt and even as pet as a man’s close friend for centuries. The origin of dog always has been a controversial issue. The majority of the scientists from Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Portugal, Russia and USA claimed that domestication happened in Europe but domestication time was not definite. Also some scientists from China, Sweden and USA claimed that the domestication happened in Southeast of Asia. At last one scientist from Israel claimed that possible origin of dog was Middle East. Altogether there is still no definite answer about place and time of domestication.
southern Mexico evolution of the northern margin of the Xolapa Complex , Tierra Colorada area , Tectonic significance of Cretaceous Tertiary magmatic and structural Geological Society of America Bulletin

2007;119;1265-1279 Geological Society of America Bulletin Hernández-Treviño L.A. Solari, R. Torres de León, G. Hernández Pineda, J. Solé, G. Solís-Pichardo and T. southern Mexico evolution of the northern margin of the Xolapa Complex, Tierra Colorada area, Tectonic significance of Cretaceous Tertiary magmatic and structural Geological Society of America Bulletin on 14 January 2009 gsabulletin.gsapubs. org Downloaded from
Identification and characterization of an early gene in the Lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus

The Lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV) gene encoding G22 was cloned and sequenced. The G22 gene codes for a 191 amino acid protein with a predicted M r of 22000. Expression of G22 in a rabbit reticulocyte system generated a protein with an M r of 24000, in close agreement with the molecular mass predicted from the nucleotide sequence. G22 is not significantly homologous to any known protein, nor is a G22 homologue present in the Autographa californica MNPV (AcMNPV). Temporal expression studies indicated that the G22 gene was transcribed at readily detectable levels in the presence of cycloheximide. Transcripts were detected immediately after the virus adsorption period and throughout the infection cycle. The early transcriptional start sites of G22 map to a sequence that resembles a subset of RNA polymerase II promoters/start sites that are found upstream of Drosophila melanogaster developmental and retrotransposon genes which lack TATA box motifs. Several consensus late baculovirus promoter/ mRNA start site sequences (ATAAG) were identified upstream of the G22 gene start codon.