Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Provincial Income Inequality and Spatial Autocorrelation Across Turkish Provinces: 1992-2013.

The aim of this paper is to investigate provincial income inequality, the degree of spatial autocorrelation between provinces in Turkey and to determine whether low and high income provinces are randomly distributed or not. Gini Results indicate that coefficients are increasing throughout the period, and regional income inequality is increasing over time. The difference between the Weighted and Unweighted Gini coefficients reveals that the level of inequality further increases when population shares of provinces are taken into consideration. Spatial autocorrelation results indicate that there is a strong spatial autocorrelation between provinces. Low (high) income provinces are mostly surrounded by low (high) income provinces. Results also indicate a tentative border between the high income west and poor income east provinces. This border moves even further west throughout the period under question. This fact may be interpreted as further concentration of richness at the western provinces.
Extending our understanding of South Pacific gyre “spin‐up”: Modeling the East Australian Current in a future climate

The western Tasman Sea represents a global warming marine ‘‘hot spot,’’ where the waters are warming at almost 4 times the global average rate, argued in the literature to be due to a ‘‘spin-up’’ of the South Pacific subtropical gyre and extension of the East Australian Current (EAC). To further investigate and test this paradigm, we analyze climate change simulations of Tasman Sea circulation and metrics on output from the Ocean Forecasting Australia Model for the 20th and 21st centuries, forced by a global climate model simulation under the A1B carbon emissions scenario. First, we show that the 1990s simulation estimates of mean dynamic topography, present-day location of the EAC separation point, and volume transports of the EAC, EAC extension, and flow along the Tasman Front, are consistent with recent observations. We further demonstrate that between the 1990s and 2060s, the volume transport of the EAC extension is projected to increase by 4.3 Sv at the expense of the flow along the Tasman Front (projected to decrease by 2.7 Sv). The transport of the EAC core flow (equatorward of the separation point) is projected to change very little (increase of 0.2 Sv). The model projects a Tasman Sea-wide warming, with mean increases of up to 3C. These results are interpreted using a simple linear, barotropic model which captures both the sign and meridional distribution of the projected changes in mean transport, including negligible change in core EAC transport but enhanced EAC extension. This meridional asymmetry in the transports is consistent with the wind-forced ocean response to changes in the basin-wide wind stress curl.
Sequential virus monitoring of pediatric patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by multiplex PCR method

Aim: To investigate the risk factors of virus infection and clinical significance of virus monitoring in pediatric patients with allogeneic stem cell transplantations (SCT). Methods: Peripheral blood was weekly checked for HSV-1, 2, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV-6,-7,-8, BKV, JCV and PBV19 by multiplex PCR method until day100120 in 33 pediatric patients with 35 allogeneic SCT performed between 2004 and 2009. Occasionally, ADV was examined in cases with suspected clinical symptoms. Transplantation-related mortality (TRM) was compared with that of 35 SCT between 1998 and 2004 when virus monitoring was not introduced. Result: EBV was positive for 17cases (48.6%), CMV for 10 (28.6%) and HHV-6 for 13 (37.1%). Mean time of onset was 30th day for HHV-6, 41st day for CMV, and 46th day for EBV. HSV-1 was positive for three cases, BKV and JCV for two cases, and HSV-2, VZV, HHV-7 and ADV for one case. No virus was detected in 12 cases (34.3%). Multivariate analysis showed that ATG and HHV-6 infection were statistically relevant (odds ratio 40.03, p=0.04). GvHD III-IV was related with CMV (odds ratio 6.25, p=0.09) and EBV (odds ratio 10.47, p=0.08) infection, and reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) was related with HHV-6 infection (odds ratio 8.65, p=0.16), although not statistically significant. To detect CMV infection, PCR was more sensitive than CMV pp65 antigenemia. Positive PCR result for CMV, EBV, or HHV-6 before SCT seemed to be a risk factor for reactivation of each virus. Positive antibody for CMV of the recipient was also a risk factor of CMV infection. TRM in 2004-2009 cohort was 0.208 and TRM in 1998-2004 cohort was 0.301, and the introduction of virus monitoring improved TRM, although not statistically significant. Conclusion: Multiplex virus monitoring before and after SCT is possibly useful for the management of pediatric patients with SCT. Further examination is necessary to confirm its clinical significance. Correspondence to: Masayuki Nagasawa, Department of Pediatrics, Musashino Red Cross Hospital 1-26-1, Kyonan-cho, Musashino-city, Tokyo 180-8610, Japan; Tel +81-422-32-3111; Fax +81-422-32-3525; E-mail: mnagasawa.ped@tmd.ac. jp
Union of South American Nations: Monetary Synchronization and Economic Asymmetries

An analysis of the monetary synchronization of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) for the decade 2004 through 2013 has been conducted using the optimum currency area (OCA) theories in order to evaluate the economic integration. By applying Bayoumi and Eichengreen’s equation, it was found that with a decent adjustment, a high percentage of countries show a tendency to harmonize their currencies in function of the four independent variables: output disturbances, the dissimilarity in exports composition, the trade linkages, and the size of the economies. To extend the model, mobility of labor and level of the integration in good’s market were added by modifying Behrens’ proposal, founding that the six variables are indeed related to the exchange rate harmonization at different significant levels, with a considerable moderate fitting. Additionally an analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been considered in order to study the following economic indicators: gross domestic product (GDP), population, GDP per capita, exports to group vs. total exports, unemployment, and inflation rates so as to visualize the economic asymmetries of the Union, for the same period. Differences were inferred for all of them but not for their annual speed of change. The least significant differences (LSD) provide further results and Duncan’s multiple range tests lead to defining groups of countries with similar characteristics.
Testing Long Memory in Stock Returns of Emerging Markets: Some Further Evidence

The paper examines the long memory in stock returns of emerging markets. Unlike earlier studies, present study carries out a biased reduced semi-parametric test to detect long memory in mean process and uses diverse and updated data set. The test results finds no strong evidence of long memory in mean process of stock returns both in emerging and developed markets. This is in contract with earlier studies, which conclude that emerging markets in general characterized by long memory process. Hence, long memory is not a peculiar characteristic of emerging markets but appear to be stylized fact of asset returns irrespective of stage of development of the market. Short memory models are thus sufficient to forecast the future returns.
Bifurcation and chaos phenomena appearing in induction motor under variation of PI controller parameters

Bifurcation theory deals with the change of qualitative behavior in a parameter space of dynamical systems. This paper provides a numerical approach to better understand the dynamic behavior of an indirect field oriented control (IFOC) of a current-fed induction motor. The focus is on bifurcation analysis of the IFOC motor model parameters, with a particular emphasis on the change that affects the dynamics and stability under small variations of Proportional Integral controller (PI) parameters. In fact, the dynamical properties of this electrical machine exhibit a rich behavior. Indeed equilibrium point and complex oscillatory phenomena such as limit cycle and chaos are observed. Since a perturbation of PI control gains led to the existence of regular behavior and region where chaotic phenomena may occur. Properties of both parametric and phase plane singularities are carried out by using numerical simulations. Furthermore, bifurcation diagrams for the equilibrium points and the 2-parametric bifurcation curves are computed based on continuation methods for solving differential equations. This paper also attempts to discuss various types of the transition to chaos in the induction motor model. The analysis of the obtained bifurcation simulations gives useful guidelines for adjusting both motor model and PI controller parameters.
The Survey of Proactive Marketing Strategies Impacts on Business Performance during Recession; Study of Active Iranian Companies in Abbasabad Industrial Park

The performance of businesses and organizations and even their survival can be severely affected by recessions. However, all firms are not equally affected by a recession. In fact, some firms even experience better conditions in markets during recessions. Past studies and investigations about marketing in economic turbulent times and especially in proactive marketing suggest that some firms view a recession as an opportunity and develop an aggressive marketing reaction, while others cut back, waiting for the recession to pass. We use the term proactive marketing, to represent the strategic reaction of companies to a recession, or more generally, to a turbulent environment. We show that proactive marketing is an important factor for a company to view and react to recessions. Specifically, we develop and test a model of the antecedents and consequences of proactive marketing during a recession. The results of a survey of 45 senior marketing executives in Abbasabad Industrial Park in Iran reveal that some companies do accept and execute proactive marketing during recessions. Our results indicate that if companies have a strategic emphasis on marketing, embody an entrepreneurial culture, possess slack resources, they will more likely to have a proactive marketing reaction during turbulent times especially recessions. Also, results show that proactive marketing plays a significant role in improving both market and business performance during the recession. The implications of our results can be discussed for both marketing theory and managerial practice.
Workplace Giving in Universities

The phenomenon of workplace giving is underexamined in the scholarly literature; philanthropic gifts by employees to their nonprofit employers have received less attention within national and transnational contexts. This study considered the association between university staff propensity toward “internal workplace giving” and donor characteristics, drawing on literature about organizational commitment and identification as a beginning for advancing theoretical understanding of employee–employer relationships and giving at both the micro-level and meso-level. The sample of 17,038 employees covered 3 years at Indiana University, an American, public, multicampus institution. Despite its specific national and cultural context, the study raises relevant issues about workplace giving. Relational and personal characteristics were found to be significant predictors for determining who donates; using these characteristics to predict giving levels, however, was less successful. The study anticipates a growing need for related research and provides direction for further methodological and theoretical approaches.
Direct Numerical Simulation and Visualization of Subcooled Pool Boiling

A direct numerical simulation of the boiling phenomena is one of the promising approaches in order to clarify their heat transfer characteristics and discuss the mechanism. During these decades, many DNS procedures have been developed according to the recent high performance computers and computational technologies. In this paper, the state of the art of direct numerical simulation of the pool boiling phenomena during mostly two decades is briefly summarized at first, and then the nonempirical boiling and condensation model proposed by the authors is introduced into the MARS (MultiInterface Advection and Reconstruction Solver developed by the authors). On the other hand, in order to clarify the boiling bubble behaviors under the subcooled conditions, the subcooled pool boiling experiments are also performed by using a high speed and high spatial resolution camera with a highly magnified telescope. Resulting from the numerical simulations of the subcooled pool boiling phenomena, the numerical results obtained by the MARS are validated by being compared to the experimental ones and the existing analytical solutions. The numerical results regarding the time evolution of the boiling bubble departure process under the subcooled conditions show a very good agreement with the experimental results. In conclusion, it can be said that the proposed nonempirical boiling and condensation model combined with the MARS has been validated.
Running head: CONGRUENCY SEQUENCE EFFECTS IN PEDIATRIC OCD 1 Congruency Sequence Effects in Pediatric Obsessive Compulsive Disorder by

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric conditions, often emerging during childhood and adolescence. Impairments in cognitive processes, including cognitive control, are often found to be critical factors in OCD. Cognitive control in OCD still needs to be further explored. One reflection of impaired cognitive control may be reduced post-conflict adaptation. We tested the hypothesis that children and adolescents with OCD would show impaired post-conflict adaptation demonstrated by congruency sequence effects when compared to healthy controls. Sixteen participants with pediatric OCD and 15 healthy controls between the ages of 11 and 19 filled out clinical measures and performed a faces Stroop task. Differences in reaction time and accuracy were examined by age, group membership, and symptomology. While no significant congruency sequence effects or differences in congruency sequence effects were found between groups, trends towards congruency sequence effects were positively correlated with age in healthy controls but not in OCD participants, suggesting altered developmental trajectories. We also suggest that postconflict adaptation may be underdeveloped in youth as measured by congruency sequence effects. These findings support the existence of differences in cognitive control, while positing that the cognitive control changes throughout healthy development but fails to do so in OCD development.
Some considerations on the social requirements of ducks in winter

The increasing interest in wintering water­ fowl stresses the importance of some well known topics (food, feeding habits, habi­ tats) and emphasises a few new ones (pair formation, bio-energetics), bringing to light the correlation between nutrient reserves of ducks at the end of winter and their repro­ ductive rate a few months later (Krapu 1981 ; Reinecke in press). The winter period is not only a break between two successive breeding seasons, but also can be con­ sidered a preliminary phase in the repro­ ductive processes. The large gatherings of waterfowl in the winter quarters, as compared to their very low density on the breeding grounds, is a major difference between the two periods. The aim of this paper is to document the importance of these gatherings in ducks from several southern areas; examine the behavioural patterns associated with these gatherings; discuss their adaptive significance; and speculate about the fundamental aspects of these requirements.
Comparative studies on the photosynthetic characteristics of two maize (Zea mays L.) near-isogenic lines differing in their susceptibility to low light intensity -

The objective of our study was to quantify the effect of low light intensity on chlorophyll (Chl) content, photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and growth of two maize (Zea mays L.) near-isogenic lines (NILs) differing in their susceptibility to low light to reveal the cause of the resistance to weak light in maize. A field-experiment was conducted in the central plain of Liaohe river in northeast China (41°49′N, 123°34′E), on a meadow brown soil. Two levels of photosynthetically-active radiation (removal of 0% and 40% of sunlight) were tested on SN98A (shading sensitive) and SN98B (shading tolerant) lines. The results showed that shading lengthened the anthesis-silking interval (ASI), increased the percentage of barren stalk and reduced the percentage of silking, and shading decreased leaf Chl content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), quantum yield of PS II (Y(II)), electron transport rate (ETR), and photochemical quenching (qP) in the two maize NILs. The shading tolerances differed between different near-isogenic lines. Maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry under dark-adaption (Fv/Fm) of SN98B was increased under low light intensity, meanwhile relatively more stable contents of Chl, Pn, Y(II), ETR, and qP were able to enhance light-use efficiency and reduce the dissipation of light energy, which relieved the reduction in photosynthetic efficiency which caused reduced production of ear assimilative products, thus resulting in a smaller reduction in percentage of barren stalk in SN98B under shading. These fidings demonstrate that low light intensity depressed photosynthetic activity and growth of SN98A more than that of SN98B. SN98A could be more restricted by limited carbon assimilation, leading to the production of barren stalks in low light intensity than that of SN98B. Therefore, improvements in light-harvesting and -use capability and increasing ear filling under low light intensity stress might be important characteristics for plant breeders. Selection of SN98B as a shade-tolerant germplasm for breeding in maize would alleviate the problem of barren stalk development under low light intensity.
Gamification of a Project Management System

Gamification is the use of elements of game design and mechanics in serious contexts for enhancing the value of a service or a product for its users. We describe psychological foundations and social motives for gamification, its principles and concepts, game rules (mechanics) and elements of game as well as techniques and patterns of gamification. As a case study, we analyze gamification of a Trogon Project Management System. For evaluation of gamified interface, we propose to use WCAG 2.0 rules, adapted for evaluating color contrast of game layer interfaces, and System Usability Scale (SUS) to evaluate usability of gamification. Keywords—gamification; game design; game mechanics, interface; usability.
A Cross-Layer Design for Reducing Packet Loss Caused by Fading in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network

We investigate methods for reducing packet loss in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) caused by the presence of fading. The modeled system employs an adaptive transmission protocol. This protocol works well when link performance is consistent and predictable, but system performance deteriorates when link quality begins to vary. A log-normal block fading model is implemented to test system performance with time-varying link performance. We propose two different methods for addressing the effects of fading. First we propose the transmission success probability (TSP) link-rate control protocol, which uses link performance measures to modify the existing adaptive transmission protocol and reduce the number of packets lost due to fading. Secondly we show that modifying the routing metric can improve system performance. We show that a cross-layer design for the TSP protocols and routing metrics that jointly considers both link and network performance results in better system performance compared to selecting each protocol separately.
Conversion of Single Cylinder 2-Stroke Petrol Engine into Compressed Air Engine using a Cam-operated DCV

This study present the modification of a conventional single-cylinder 2-stroke petrol engine into a compressed air engine using purely mechanical components such as custom-made cam and a simple 5/2 DCV. The objective of this study was to fabricate a working model of compressed air engine at low cost and successfully run the engine to obtain more or equal power as that of conventional IC engine. The engine was tested for air pressure between 2 bar to 9 bar. Beyond this pressure the DCV started making excessive noise, thus increasing its chances of damage. The engine speed and engine power increased linearly with increasing air pressure and maximum torque was obtained at 8 bar. This demonstrates the feasibility of the modified air engine for practical applications such as two-wheeler and low load vehicles. With the use of higher capacity DCV, higher air pressures can be used to obtain maximum possible power output from the engine without any significant damage to any of the components.
Currents and Sub-Currents in the River of Innovations - Explaining Innovativeness Using New-Product Announcements

In their seminal paper, Acs and Audretsch (1988) analyze innovation patterns across industries and identify several determinants of innovativeness, both positive and negative. Their work is seminal if only because of the unique data they use to measure innovativeness: new-product announcements. They show that industry concentration, degree of unionization would hamper innovation; industries characterized by increased shares of skilled labor and large firms provide favorable conditions for innovation. By analyzing a new and more consciously compiled database, we re-examine their original claims. Our results largely support the findings of Acs & Audretsch, but diverge from them in one important way. We suggest that the large firms do not contribute more to a industry’s innovativeness than small firms – a vindication of the Schumpeter Mark I perspective. In addition, we analyze micro-level data of individual firms. Firms within different sub-groups respond differently to their competitive environment. We show that less dedicated innovators prove more susceptible to environmental factors than more committed innovators. In addition, an unfavorable competitive environment decreases the likelihood that less successful innovators will announce new products.
Reimagining "Active" Participation in Ontario's History Curriculum

How is citizenship education pedagogy in relation to political participation conveyed by specialist teachers in Ontario’s grade 10 history classrooms? This paper explores the ways in which the Ontario 2013 Canadian and World Studies curriculum (CWS) citizenship education framework (CEF) builds students understanding of civic participation. The CEF outlines the requirements for students to become informed and active citizens in society. Two guiding research questions include: 1) How active participation as described in the CEF is mandated in Strand E entitled Canada, 1982 To The Present of the grade 10 academic history curriculum and 2) What spaces and gaps are present that restrict diverse active participation as mandated in the CWS curriculum? My argument is that in collaboration with neoliberal ideology, Ontario’s curriculum reflects an individualistic and multicultural notion of active participation, which has shown to limit certain ethnic groups.