Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on the Effect of Different Parameters on Rotor Blade Icing in a Cold Chamber

Icing phenomenon is an important problem in helicopter rotor design. Conducting experiments in a cold chamber is one of the main methods used to study the law of rotor icing. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the influence of different parameters on the ice shapes of rotor blade and to obtain the relationship between the ice shapes and the input parameters. The icing experimental platform of rotation blade in a cold chamber was set up, and the rotor icing experiments under various conditions were carried out. The ice shapes on the blade were obtained, and the influence of different icing temperatures, rotation speeds, liquid water content, icing times, number of blades on the rotor, and blade materials on the ice shapes were analyzed. The results showed that the ice thickness on the leading edge increased with the increase of liquid water content, rotation speed, and icing time, and the number and material of blades had little effect on icing. The conclusions of this paper can provide a reference for the rotor numerical simulation and future experimental research.
Genetic Comparison Between Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus Linnaeus) and Crucian Carp (C. cuvieri Temminck and Schlegel)

한국의 예산과 당진에서 각각 채취된 붕어 (Carassius auratus)와 떡붕어 (Carassius cuvieri)로부터 genomic DNA를 분리 추출하여 반복해서 PCR로 증폭시켰다. 선택된 7개의 RAPD primer를 이용하여 primer 당 total loci, shared loci by each species, polymorphic 및 specific loci를 얻어냈다. 2 종의 붕어 로부터 primer와 2지역간에 banding patterns의 복잡성이 두드러지게 나타났다. DNA fragment 의 분자 적 크기는 150 bp에서부터 1,600 bp까지 커다란 차이를 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 CCY 붕어 종에서는 458개의 loci가 나타났고, CCD 떡붕어 종에서는 358개의 loci가 확인되었다. 또한 CCY 붕어 종에서 는 84개의 polymorphic loci (18.3%)가 확인되었고, CCD떡붕어 종에서는 48개의 polymorphic loci (13.4%)가 확인되었다. CCY 붕어 종에서는 154개의 shared loci 가 나타났으며, 이는 primer당 평균적 으로 22개의 loci로 확인되었다. 또한 CCD떡붕어 종에서는 187개의 shared loci 가 확인되었고, 평균 해서 primer 당 26. 7개의 loci 가 나타났다. CCY붕어 종과 CCD 떡붕어 종의 polymorphic loci는 각 각 84개와 48개로 확인되었다. 모든 붕어와 떡붕어 시료의 평균적인 BS value를 기초로 해서 CCY 붕어 종의 similarity matrix를 조사해 본 결과 0. 434로부터 0. 868까지 나타났고, CCD 떡붕어 종의 값 은 0. 449로부터 0. 924까지 확인되었다. CCY 붕어 종내의 평균적인 BS value는 0.641 ± 0.013 이고, CCD 떡붕어 종내의 BS value의 평균값은 0.684 ± 0.013을 나타내었다. 결과적으로 CCD 떡붕어 종 내의 개체의 BS value 평균값이 CCY 붕어 종내의 평균값보다 높게 나타났다. 2 붕어와 떡붕어간의 평균적인 BS value은 0.484 ± 0.007 (0.307 0.682)를 나타내었다. 7개의 primer 를 사용하여 얻어진 dendrogram은 cluster 1 (AURATUS no. 01 AURATUS no. 11), cluster 2 (CUVIERI no. 12 CUVIERI no. 21) 및cluster 3 (CUVIERI no. 22)와 같이 3개의 유전적 클러스터로 나뉘어졌다. CCY 붕어 종내 의 8번째 개체 (AURATUS no. 08)와 9번째 개체 (AURATUS no. 09) 사이가 가장 가까운 유전적 관 계 (0.064)를 나타내었다. 또한 CCY붕어 종의 11번째(AURATUS no. 11)와 CCD떡붕어 종의 17번째 (CUVIERI no. 17) 사이가 가장 먼 유전적 거리 (0.477)를 나타내었다. 결과적으로 볼 때 한국 및 대 서양산 lobster (0.612), 갈치 (0.708), 동자개(0.714)에 비해서 상대적으로 낮은 유전적 거리를 나타내 었다.
Reconciling road verge management with grassland conservation is met with positive attitudes among stakeholders, but faces implementation barriers related to resources and valuation

Road verges could provide habitats for threatened grassland species, but current verge management is suboptimal for achieving this. Altering verge management to favor grassland species is possible but depends on stakeholder attitudes and valuation. We describe the attitudes of 373 Finnish road verge stakeholders toward grassland-friendly verge management and investigate the drivers underlying these attitudes. We also assess the perceived feasibility of different grassland-friendly management alterations and identify barriers facing their implementation. Gathered with online questionnaires, the data for the study comprises open-ended and Likert scale questions and was analyzed with multivariate methods and linear mixed models. According to the results, valued verge attributes, such as perceived species-richness and safety, and personal familiarity with biodiversity and semi-natural grasslands structure stakeholder attitudes toward grassland-friendly management. Specific management alterations, such as readjusted mowing schedules, are viewed with varying positivity, but insufficient resources and compromised traffic safety are perceived to hinder their implementation.
INTER-COMPARISONS AMONG PASSIVE MICROWAVE SEA ICE CONCENTRATION PRODUCTS FROM FY-3D MWRI AND AMSR2

Abstract. Passive microwave (PM) sensors on satellite can monitor sea ice distribution with their strengths of daylight- and weather-independent observations. Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI) sensor aboard on the Chinese FengYun-3D (FY-3D) satellites was launched in 2017 and provides continuous observation for Arctic sea ice since then. In this study, sea ice concentration (SIC) product is derived from brightness temperature (TB) data of MWRI, based on an Arctic Radiation and Turbulence Interaction Study Sea Ice (ASI) dynamic tie points algorithm. Our product is inter-compared with a published MWRI SIC product by the Enhanced NASA Team (NT2) algorithm, and three Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) SIC products by the ASI, Bootstrap (BST) and NT2 algorithm. Results show that MWRI SIC are generally higher than AMSR2 SIC and the median of monthly SIC differences are larger in summer. Regional analysis indicates that the smaller differences between AMSR2 SIC and MWRI-ASI SIC occur in the higher SIC areas, and the biases are within ±5% in the Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Canadian Archipelago Sea and Central Arctic Sea. There is the smallest SIC difference in the Central Arctic Sea with the biases of −0.77%, −0.60%, and 0.19% for AMSR2-ASI, AMSR2-BST and AMSR2-NT2, respectively. The trends of MWRI and AMSR2 sea ice extent and sea ice area are consistent with correlation coefficients all greater than 0.997. Besides, mean SIC, sea ice extent and sea ice area of MWRI-ASI are closer to those of AMSR2 than those of MWRI-NT2.
The challenge of predicting distal active site mutations in computational enzyme design

Many computational enzyme design approaches have been developed in recent years that focus on a reduced set of key enzymatic features. Initial protocols mostly focused on the chemical steps(s) through transition state stabilization, whereas most recent approaches exploit the enzyme conformational dynamics often crucial for substrate binding, product release, and allosteric regulation. The detailed evaluation of the conformational landscape of many laboratory‐evolved enzymes has revealed dramatic changes on the relative stabilities of the conformational states after mutation, favoring those conformational states key for the novel functionality. Of note is that these mutations are often located all around the enzyme structure, which contrasts with most of the computational design strategies that reduce the problem into active site alterations. Recent computational strategies have been developed that consider enzyme design as a population shift problem, that is, redistribution of the relative stabilities of the conformational states induced by mutations. These strategies focus on reconstructing the conformational landscape of the enzyme, applying correlation‐based tools to elucidate the underlying allosteric network of interactions and identify potential mutation hotspots located at the active site, but most importantly at distal positions for the first time.
Development of a 3He nuclear spin flip system on an in-situ SEOP 3He spin filter and demonstration for a neutron reflectometer and magnetic imaging technique

We have been developing a 3He neutron spin filter (NSF) using the spin exchange optical pumping (SEOP) technique. The 3He NSF provides a high-energy polarized neutron beam with large beam size. Moreover the 3He NSF can work as a π-flipper for a polarized neutron beam by flipping the 3He nuclear spin using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. For NMR with the in-situ SEOP technique, the polarization of the laser must be reversed simultaneously because a non-reversed laser reduces the polarization of the spin-flipped 3He. To change the polarity of the laser, a half-wavelength plate was installed. The rotation angle of the half-wavelength plate was optimized, and a polarization of 97% was obtained for the circularly polarized laser. The 3He polarization reached 70% and was stable over one week. A demonstration of the 3He nuclear spin flip system was performed at the polarized neutron reflectometer SHARAKU (BL17) and NOBORU (BL10) at J-PARC. Off-specular measurement from a magnetic Fe/Cr thin film and magnetic imaging of a magnetic steel sheet were performed at BL17 and BL10, respectively.
Research on Behaviour Recognition Method for Moving Target Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network

Aiming at the problem that the average recognition degree of the moving target line is low with the traditional motion target behaviour recognition method, a motion recognition method based on deep convolutional neural network is proposed in this paper. A target model of deep convolutional neural network is constructed and the basic unit of the network is designed by using the model. By setting the unit, the returned unit is calculated into the standard density diagram, and the position of the moving target is determined by the local maximum method to realize the behavior identification of the moving target. The experimental results show that the multi-parameter SICNN256 model is slightly better than other model structures. The average recognition rate and recognition rate of the moving target behavior recognition method based on deep convolutional neural network are higher than those of the traditional method, which proves its effectiveness. Since the frequency of single target is higher than that of multiple recognition and there is no target similarity recognition, similar target error detection cannot be excluded.
Microstructural features effect on the evolution of cyclic damage for polycrystalline metals using a multiscale approach

In the context of polycrystalline metals, the damage process analysis is generally restricted to surface of a sample containing some hundreds of grains, due to the inherent difficulties microstructural analysis. Determination of the grain size influence, misorientation and neighboring grains effect remains difficult with experimental studies. In this work, the influence of microstructural characteristics of polycrystalline metals on the evolution of the damage process under cyclic loading is investigated. On the basis of the quaternion theory, the orientation of each (crystal) grain is represented by a single angle (theta). The relative misorientation of each grain is set by the ratio of its misorientation over the average value of polycrystalline aggregate. The relative volume of grain is used as a parameter representing the grain size. The damage evolution under cyclic loading is identified using the coupling of the crystal plasticity model with the Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM) model. The damage evolution and its distribution on polycrystalline aggregate are calculated by means of numerical homogenization over each grain. The heterogeneity distribution and damage evolution for polycrystalline metals have been analyzed. The obtained results show that neighboring grains effects are larger and may change the tendency that larger grains with great misorientation are the most damaged.
Biometrics authentication techniques: A comparative study

Literature confirms that the biometric system lacks security and has numerous limitations and weaknesses. The disadvantages of this system come from the distinctness of biometric signals and the way it collects data and represents individuals, which is dependent on the method adopted to gather data, surroundings, the way users interact with the device, as well as the pathophysiological phenomena that arise due to variations in traits. In addition, this system has many problems in regard to forgery since, for instance, people’s voices can be captured when they are expressing their passwords, the camera is able to take the photo of an iris from across the room, and fingerprints on surfaces can be removed. As a result, a key feature with a high strength against any attacks is needed to be utilized in a way to maximize the biometric system security. To this end, numerous techniques for biometric authentication have been proposed. The present study attempts to introduce different biometric authentication techniques like biometric cryptosystem and palm vein cryptosystem.
Insecticidal activity of essential oils of Chenopodium ambrosioides and Cupressus sempervirens and their binary combinations on Sitophilus zeamais

Maize is cultivated worldwide and used as food and for fuel production. It is usually attacked and destroyed during storage by Sitophilus zeamais. With inaccessibility to synthetic pesticides, farmers are left with the choice of using locally available plant based pesticides. For this reason, we tested the insecticidal potentials of essential oils (EOs) of Chenopodium ambrosioides and Cupressus sempervirens and their binary combinations against S. zeamais on stored maize. Mortality, progeny inhibition, repellence and damage were tested. Pesticide characteristics of both essential oils were dose-dependent, 200 μL/kg of all the combinations caused at least 80% mortality within 14 days of storage while the 50:50 combination completely inhibited progeny production. Moreover, 8 μL of all the EO were repellent to the weevils. The 50:50 binary combination was the most active in all the tests carried out. Pesticidal interactions between the oils in combination were mostly additive and synergistic. There was also a good control of insect population increase and grain damage after six months of storage. Therefore both EOs can be recommended for the control of S. zeamais.
Defect incorporation in In-containing layers and quantum wells: experimental analysis via deep level profiling and optical spectroscopy

Recent studies demonstrated that the performance of InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) light emitting diodes (LEDs) can be significantly improved through the insertion of an InGaN underlayer (UL). The current working hypothesis is that the presence of the UL reduces the density of non-radiative recombination centers (NRCs) in the QW itself: during the growth of the UL, surface defects are effectively buried in the UL, without propagating towards the QW region. Despite the importance of this hypothesis, the concentration profile of defects in the quantum wells of LEDs with and without the UL was never investigated in detail. This paper uses combined capacitance-voltage and steady-state photocapacitance measurements to experimentally identify the defects acting as NRCs and to extract a depth-profile of the traps, thus proving the incorporation upon indium-reaction. Specifically: (i) we demonstrate that LEDs without UL have a high density (9.2 × 1015 cm−3) of defects, compared to samples with UL (0.8 × 1015 cm−3); (ii) defects are located near midgap (E C-1.8 eV, corresponding to E i-E T ∼ 0.3 eV), thus acting as efficient NRCs; (iii) crucially, the density of defects has a peak within the QWs, indicating that traps are segregated at the first grown InGaN layers; (iv) we propose a model to calculate trap distribution in the QW, and we demonstrate a good correspondence with experimental data. These results provide unambiguous demonstration of the role of UL in limiting the propagation of defects towards the QWs, and the first experimental characterization of the properties of the related traps.
Evaluation of a Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Giardia intestinalis in Stool Samples from Schoolchildren from the Centre-Ouest and Plateau Central Regions of Burkina Faso

Objective: Giardiasis, a zoonotic, diarrheal disease with worldwide occurrence, is routinely diagnosed by microscopic examination of stool samples. However, implementation of this method relies on skilled and experienced personal; it is time consuming and relatively low in sensitivity. A superior diagnostic approach to detect the causative agent Giardia intestinalis would, hence, be highly desirable. The current study aimed to assess realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of G. intestinalis as an alternative to microscopy. Material and methods: Stool samples from healthy schoolchildren aged 8-14 years from eight schools of the Centre-Ouest and Plateau Central regions in Burkina Faso were therefore collected within a cross-sectional study. Microscopic examination was performed on two faecal samples collected over two consecutive days from 441 schoolchildren. Each faecal specimen has been examined using Kato-Katz and formol-ether methods of concentration in addition to the direct examination. Real-time PCR was used to detect G. intestinalis in the 94 microscopy positive and the 53 microscopy negative samples. Results: Microscopic examination demonstrated an overall G.intestinalis prevalence of 27.2%. Using the microscopic examination as the ‘gold standard’, the overall sensitivity of real-time PCR was demonstrated to be 76.6% ranging from 58.3% to 94.1% and the specificity was 96.2% ranging from 96.2% to 100% across the schools assessed. Conclusion: Real-time PCR appears to be a solid detection method for G. intestinalis in this current setting. However, it needs to be further optimized to become a more sensitive tool for G. intestinalis diagnosis in low income settings.
A Resting-State fMRI Study of Static and Dynamic Graph Analysis for Seafarer’ Brain

In order to explore the influence of the marine environment on the topological properties of seafarers’ brain functional connectivity networks and the specificity of the topological structure of seafarers’ brain compared with that of non-seafarers, the fMRI data of 33 seafarers before and after sailing as well as the data of 33 non-seafarers are used to explore the differences of topological structure between them from both static and dynamic brain functional connectivity networks among the 90 brain regions of AAL template in this study. The results show that the marine environment has a time-dependent influence on the topological structure of seafarers’ brain functional networks, especially for the dynamic brain functional networks, which means that some topological changes can be recovered in a relatively short time, while others may have long-term effects to form the unique topological characteristics of brain functions for seafarers. These results have an important reference value to further explore seafarers’ professional brain plasticity.
Estimating African Lion Abundance in the Southwestern Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park

African lions (Panthera leo) are threatened across their natural range. However, the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (KTP) is a stronghold for the species. A population assessment in 2010 observed a skew in the sex structure with a greater proportion of males (56%) which raised concerns about the long-term sustainability of the greater KTP lion population. A key indicator of how a population responds to changes in population structure is population size. We conducted an intensive lion census between 2013 and 2015 in the southwestern KTP (14 250 km2) driving 49 784 km over 317 sampling days, which resulted in 1162 lion sightings. Registering the population through individual identification (n = 261) provided a benchmark against which other techniques could be measured and for a non-invasive marking technique. Open-population mark-recapture provided the most precise estimate of population size (n = 246; 95%CI: 237–256). Track indices (n = 242; 95%CI: 176–307) provided a similar best estimate, but were imprecise. Minimum-known-alive calculations (n = 145) provided a gross underestimate. All the methods used in this study indicate a larger lion population size than previous estimates.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Heat Shock Transcription Factor Family in Chenopodium quinoa Willd

Heat shock transcription factor (Hsf) is one of the conserved gene families in plants, playing a crucial role in growth and development, as well as in response to diverse stresses. Although it has been systematically studied in many species, little is known about the Hsf gene family in Chenopodium quinoa, especially those involved in the regulatory network of stress processes. In this study, we identified 23 Hsf genes in quinoa (CqHsfs) through a genome-wide search method based on the latest available genome information. Phylogenetic analysis classified them into three groups, and group A was further divided into nine subgroups, which was supported by conserved domain organizations. Gene structure and multiple sequence alignment analysis revealed that all of the CqHsfs possessed a similar structure organization and were highly conserved in BDB domain. Interaction network analysis identified 13 CqHsfs involved in the network pathway to regulate diverse biological processes. Expression profiles of these CqHsfs were further investigated using the RNA-seq data, and tissue-specific and stress-responsive candidates were identified. Finally, four heat-responsive CqHsfs were selected to validate their expression level through semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis. This study reported the organization, structure, and expression profiles of the Hsf gene family in quinoa, which will contributes to further functional analysis, and helps to better understand the roles and regulatory mechanism of heat shock factors playing in quinoa and beyond.
Drought tolerance efficiency and its correlation with yield and yield related traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

A set of 180 chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes was evaluated under rainfed drought prone situation in north India. Same set was also evaluated under irrigated situation created artificially by supplementing the crop grown under rainfed conditions with two irrigations one at the time of flower initiation and another at pod set. Data on yield and its related traits, drought tolerance efficiency and incidence of wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris were recorded. Drought tolerance efficiency had significant and positive association with seed yield per plant, leaf area, plant height, secondary branches per plant, pods per plant, seeds per pod, biological yield per plant, harvest index and 100-seed weight under both drought and normal water conditions. On the other hand, days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity were negatively correlated with seed yield per plant under drought conditions indicating that early maturity was a desirable trait in chickpea breeding for drought stress. Drought enhanced wilt incidence in chickpea indicating a positive interaction between these two stresses and suggesting that drought in wilt pathogen infested areas would be more devastating. Based on yield performance and wilt resistance, nine genotypes, three desi (ICC-8521, ICC-1915 and L-328) and six kabuli (ICC- 14203, ICC- 14199, ICC-10755, ICC-10885, ICC-11819 and ICC-11284) were found promising for cultivation under drought conditions where as four kabuli types (ICC- 14203, ICC- 14199, ICC-11819 and ICC-11284) were suitable for cultivation under well watered conditions.