Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The importance of sea ice area biases in 21st century multimodel projections of Antarctic temperature and precipitation

Climate models exhibit large biases in sea ice area (SIA) in their historical simulations. This study explores the impacts of these biases on multimodel uncertainty in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) ensemble projections of 21st century change in Antarctic surface temperature, net precipitation, and SIA. The analysis is based on time slice climatologies in the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 future scenario (2070–2099) and historical (1970–1999) simulations across 37 different CMIP5 models. Projected changes in net precipitation, temperature, and SIA are found to be strongly associated with simulated historical mean SIA (e.g., cross‐model correlations of r = 0.77, 0.71, and −0.85, respectively). Furthermore, historical SIA bias is found to have a large impact on the simulated ratio between net precipitation response and temperature response. This ratio is smaller in models with smaller‐than‐observed SIA. These strong emergent relationships on SIA bias could, if found to be physically robust, be exploited to give more precise climate projections for Antarctica.
In vitro antimicrobial effects of some herbal essences against oral pathogens

Dental plaque, biofilms of microorganisms on tooth surface, plays an important role in the development of caries and periodontal disease. Our aim was to test in vitro antibacterial activity of some herbal extracts against Actinomyces viscosus, Streptococcus mutans,Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus casei and Eikenellacorrodens. Hydro alcoholic (50:50) extracts of 6 plants were taken using succilate method, then 4 dilutions of extracts (20, 40, 80, and 100% w/v, mg/ml) were put on blood agar media and cultured with one of the bacteria using 4 mm paper discs. Antimicrobial activities of these extracts were examined by disc diffusion method and mean of diameters of inhibition zone of each bacterium in different dilutions was reported. (P<0.05) hydro alcoholic extracts of Punica granatum and Trigonella foenum-graceum had strong antibacterial activity respectively, and their antibacterial activities were significantly less than Chlorhexidine and more than Irsha and Miswak. The hydro alcoholic extracts ofScrophularia striata and Fumaria parviflora showed less antibacterial activity in comparison with the first two and it was significantly less than Chlorhexidine and Miswak and more than Irsha. Carthamus tinctorius had the weakest antibacterial activity. We recommend more studies to demonstrate practical approaches of using natural materials on the oral biofilms. Key words: Herbal extracts, antibacterial, dental plaque, chlorhexidine, essential oils.
Fast joint DOA and pitch estimation using a broadband MVDR beamformer

The harmonic model, i.e., a sum of sinusoids having frequencies that are integer multiples of the pitch, has been widely used for modeling of voiced speech. In microphone arrays, the direction-of-arrival (DOA) adds an additional parameter that can help in obtaining a robust procedure for tracking non-stationary speech signals in noisy conditions. In this paper, a joint DOA and pitch estimation (JDPE) method is proposed. The method is based on the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer in the frequency-domain and is much faster than previous joint methods, as it only requires the computation of the optimal filters once per segment. To exploit that both pitch and DOA evolve piece-wise smoothly over time, we also extend a dynamic programming approach to joint smoothing of both parameters. Simulations show the proposed method is much more robust than parallel and cascaded methods combining existing DOA and pitch estimators.
7 The Role of SOX 2 in Maintaining Pluripotency and Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Keiko Adachi1, Hirofumi Suemori2, Norio Nakatsuji1,3 and Eihachiro Kawase4 1Department of Development and Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 2Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Stem cell Research Center, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 3Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 4Laboratory of Cell Processing, Stem Cell Research Center, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
Effects of Malate and Yeast Supplementation in Concentrate Containing High Cassava Chip on Rumen Ecology and Digestibility of Nutrients in Beef Cattle

Four, 1-year old beef cattle were randomly assigned according to a 2 ´ 2 Factorial arrangement in a 4 ´ 4 Latin square design to study supplementation of malate level at 500 and 1,000 g with yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) at 1,000 and 2,000 g in concentrate containing high levels of cassava chip. The treatments were as follows: T1 is supplementation of malate at 500 g with yeast at 1,000 g; T2 is supplementation of malate at 500 g with yeast at 2,000 g; T3 is supplementation of malate at 1,000 g with yeast at 1,000 g; T4 is supplementation of malate at 1,000 g with yeast at 2,000 g in concentrate, respectively. The animals were offered the treatment concentrate at 1 % BW of dry matter basis and urea-treated rice straw. The results revealed that rumen fermentation and blood metabolites were similar for all treatments. However, the digestibility of nutrients were significantly different for the diets, especially digestible nutrient intake of crude protein (CP) which was higher for cows fed cassava-based diets with T4 rather than T3, T2 and T1 (74.3, 72.5, 71.1 and 68.9 %, respectively). In addition, the concentration of volatile fatty acid was significantly different especially the concentration of propionic acid which was slightly higher in cattle receiving T4 than T3, T2 and T1 (23.3, 21.9, 20.9 and 18.0 %, respectively). The populations of protozoa and fungal zoospores were significantly different as affected by malate and yeast levels. In conclusion, the combined use of concentrate containing high levels of cassava chip at 70 % DM with malate at 1,000 g and yeast at 2,000 g in concentrate with urea-treated rice straw as a roughage improved rumen fermentation and digestibility of nutrients in beef cattle.
Communication Technology in the Home Environment of Four-year-old Children (Slovenia)

Nowadays, we cannot ignore the fact that young children are over flooded with technologies. Only a proper action and a positive attitude from adults can prevent potential negative consequences, and prepares the child for a life where the usage of communication technologies (ICTs) is necessary for an individual’s social success. This article represents the child’s access to information-communication technology, its usage at home, the influence of child’s ICTs usage on his or hers development of competences, and the child’s relation with the ICTs at home. The data was gathered with the help of 130 parents who filled out a questionnaire and provided us with their opinions about their four-year-old children and their usage of ICTs at home. We found out that four-year-old children in their home environment regularly encounter ICTs. Besides that, we were also interested whether there exist differences accord ing to the child’s gender and the parents’ level of education. Moreover, we present parents’ opinions at suggestions for further studying of this issue. RESUMEN Hoy en día, no podemos ignorar el hecho de que los niños pequeños están demasiado expuestos a las tecnologías. Solo una acción rápida y una actitud positiva por parte de los adultos puede prevenir consecuencias potencialmente negativas, y preparar a los chicos para una vida donde el uso de tecnologías de la comunicación (TIC) es necesario para el éxito social del individuo. Creemos que resulta importante estudiar la relación de la infancia con las TIC en casa, porque estamos seguros de que las TIC ejercen un gran impacto sobre el desarrollo temprano de los niños. Este artículo representa el acceso infantil a las tecnologías de la información y comunicación, su uso en casa, la influencia del uso por parte de los niños de las TIC en su desarrollo de competencias y la relación del niño con las TIC en el hogar. Los datos se recopilaron con la ayuda de 130 padres que rellenaron un cuestionario y nos proporcionaron sus opiniones sobre sus hijos de cuatro años y su uso de las TIC en el hogar. Los resultados fueron analizados con un programa por ordenador SPSS. Nos dimos cuenta de que los niños de cuatro años regularmente encuentran TIC en su entorno familiar. Además, estuvimos también interesados por si había diferencias según el sexo de los chicos y el nivel educativo de los padres. Además, presentamos las opiniones de los padres como propuestas para un posterior estudio de este tema.
Antitoxin activity of Mimosa pudica root extracts against Naja naja and Bangarus caerulus venoms

Aqueous extract of dried roots of Mimosa pudica was tested for inhibitory activity on lethality, phospholipase activity, edema forming activity, fibrinolytic activity and hemorrhagic activity of Naja naja and Bangarus caerulus venoms. The aqueous extract displayed a significant inhibitory effect on the lethality, phospholipase activity, edema forming activity, fibrinolytic activity and hemorrhagic activity. About 0.14 mg and 0.16 mg of M. pudica extracts were able to completely neutralize the lethal activity of 2LD 50 of Naja naja and Bangarus caerulus venoms respectively. The present finding suggests that aqueous extract of M. pudica root possesses compounds, which inhibit the activity of Naja naja and Bangarus caerulus venoms.
Interactive comment on “Challenges associated with the climatic interpretation of water stable isotope records from a highly resolved firn core from Adélie Land, coastal Antarctica” by Sentia Goursaud et al

In this study, the authors examine the accumulation, isotopic (δ18O and d-excess) and chemical records (MSA, nssSO4) from a shallow firn core (TA192A; 66.78◦S; 139.56◦E, 602 m a.s.l.) from Adélie Land, Antarctica. The 21.3 m core was retrieved at a coastal high-accumulation site. Local meteorological station data, accumulation stake data, an isotope-enabled GCM and back-trajectory analysis are utilized to examine the signal
Discrete Structures and Applications Horizontal runs in domino tilings

We discuss tilings of a grid (of size n×2) with dominoes of size 2×1. Parameters that might be called “longest run” are investigated, in terms of generating functions and also asymptotically. Extensions are also mentioned. 2010 MSC: 05A15, 68R05
The New Swedish Beta: a Study of Single-Factor Domestic CAPM Mispricing by Swedish Industry

This study investigates the implementation of the domestic and European single-factor capital asset pricing model in 8 of the largest industries in Sweden. The models are compared to the single-factor global CAPM model and the levels of mispricing are derived. It is found that the domestic model produces significant mispricing values in both the Basic Materials and Health Care sectors while the European model does not result in any significant mispricing values. The greater magnitude of mispricing within the domestic model in comparison to the European counter-part leads to the conclusion that the domestic model is not always efficient in capital cost computations in today's globalized economy.
TOWARDS OPERATIONAL AIRBORNE REMOTE SENSING OF WATER QUALITY IN THE NETHERLANDS

Optical imaging techniques can be used to produce maps of concentrations of chlorophyll-a, total suspended matter and coloured dissolved organic carbon. The Rijkswaterstaat sets up a production chain for such maps using a hyperspectral imaging scanner installed in the Dutch coast guard aircraft. Multiple use of aircraft and scanner makes data acquisition more cost effective. Water quality parameters are retrieved from remote sensing images using successively; 1) A module that calculates subsurface reflectance spectra, it corrects for atmospheric and air-water interface effects using MODTRAN embedded in TOOLKIT. 2) A module that calculates concentrations of water constituents from the subsurface irradiance reflectance spectra and specific inherent optical properties using matrix inversion. Specific inherent optical properties of the water constituents are not necessarily simultaneous measured to the airborne measurements. Effects of instrumental noise, errors in the atmospheric correction and errors in the specific inherent optical properties on the derived concentrations of water constituents were estimated. An image was taken from Lake Veluwe in The Netherlands with complementary in situ measurements, including reflectance spectra and specific absorption and back scattering spectra of water constituents and concentrations of water constituents. The data were used to validate the system by 1) forward modelling of the reflectance spectra based on the Gordon model using a set of measured specific inherent optical properties, concentrations of the constituents and measured reflectance spectra, 2) comparison of the atmospheric corrected airborne measurements and reflectance spectra measured from a ship, and 3) comparison of the measured concentrations with the calculated concentrations.
Evaluating Asset Pricing Models in a Simulated Multifactor Approach

In this paper a methodology to compare the performance of different stochastic discount factor (SDF) models is suggested. The starting point is the estimation of several factor models in which the choice of the fundamental factors comes from different procedures. Then, a Monte Carlo simulation is designed in order to simulate a set of gross returns with the objective of mimicking the temporal dependency and the observed covariance across gross returns. Finally, the artificial returns are used to investigate the performance of the competing asset pricing models through the Hansen and Jagannathan (1997) distance and some goodness-of-fit statistics of the pricing error. An empirical application is provided for the U.S. stock market.
Landau-Gutzwiller quasiparticles

We deﬁne Landau quasiparticles within the Gutzwiller variational theory and derive their dispersion relation for general multiband Hubbard models in the limit of large spatial dimensions D. Thereby we reproduce our previous calculations which were based on a phenomenological effective single-particle Hamiltonian. For the one-band Hubbard model we calculate the frst-order corrections in 1/D and ﬁnd that the corrections to the quasiparticle dispersions are small in three dimensions. They may be largely absorbed in a rescaling of the total bandwidth, unless the system is close to half band ﬁlling. Therefore, the Gutzwiller theory in the limit of large dimensions provides quasiparticle bands which are suitable for a comparison with real, three-dimensional Fermi liquids.
Normal Brain Primary Glioblastoma BNIP 3 GLUT 1 D ) Normal Brain Primary Glioblastoma

Lee, H. , and Paik, S. Regulation of BNIP3 in normal and cancer cells. 2006. Molecules and Cells, vol. 21 No. 1, pp. 1-6. * Zhou, J., Schmid, T. Schnitzer, S. , and Brune, B. Tumor hypoxia and cancer prevention. 2006. Cancer Letters, vol. 237, pp. 10-21. * Burton, T.R. , Henson, E.S. , Baijal, P. Eisenstat, D.D. , and Gibson, S.B. The pro-cell death BCL-2 family member BNIP3, is localized to the nucleus of human glial cells: implications for glioblastoma multiforme tumor cell survival under hypoxia. 2006, International Journal of Cancer, vol. 118, pp. 1660-1669. * Reiger, R. , Michaelis, A, and Green, M.M. Glossary of genetics and cytogenetics. 1976. Springer-Verlag, pp. 17-18. * K. Guo et al., “Hypoxia induces the expressions of the pro-apoptotic gene BNIP3”. Cell Death and Differentiation, 2001, vol. 8, pp. 367 376.
A Differential Construct Methodology for Modelling Predictive Cultural Values

This paper presents an explanatory model of cultural behaviours, which resulted from a four-year ethnographic study of the different academic attainments in English of indigenous Fijians and the Indo-Fijians in the Fiji Islands. Fiji is a natural laboratory for investigating differential cultural behaviours because of these two culturally distinct main ethnic groups. Their different cultural behaviours were found to serve different values within each culture. A three-construct grounded model of these different values emerged from observations and analyses of these behaviours. These constructs were then de-constructed to define and explain a fourth target construct of their Differential Teaching Behaviours, which were contributing to the different academic attainments of the two cultures. The validity of the resulting four-construct model was both empirically and quantitatively ascertained and it is argued that the model can be used to predict culturally determined behaviours and educational outcomes in similar multicultural contexts.
Isolation and expression analysis of three different flowering genes (TtLFY, TtAP1, and TtAP2) from an unusual legume species, Thermopsis turcica

LEAFY (LFY), APETALA1 (AP1), and APETALA2 (AP2) genes encode three different transcription factors that control and regulate flower initiation and development in Arabidopsis. By using 3'- and 5'-RACE analysis, we isolated and sequentially characterized TtLFY (a LEAFY-like gene), TtAP1 (a MADS-box-like gene), and TtAP2 (an AP2/ERBF-like gene) in Thermopsis turcica, an unusual endemic legume species with three free carpellated flower structure. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis for 18 different vegetative and reproductive tissues of T. turcica indicated TtLFY transcripts mainly in the shoot tips and young floral buds and TtAP1 transcripts in the sepals and petals; however, TtAP2 transcripts were detected in all tissues. This is the first record for a LFY-like gene, TtLFY, expressed in the shoot tips of an underground plant section and for an AP2-like gene transcript found in all tissues, similar to a housekeeping gene.
Department of Statistics Goteborg University Sweden Some aspects of wavelet anal ysis in time series

This paper describes an alternative approach for testing the existence of trend among time series. The test method has been constructed using wavelet analysis which has the ability to decompose a time series into low frequencies (trend) and high frequencies (noise) components. Under the normality assumption the test is distributed as F. Using generated empirical critical values the properties of the test statistic have been investigated under different conditions and different types of wavelet. The results are then compared with those results obtained by applying the OLS method for testing the trend. The Harr wavelet has shown to exhibit the highest power among the other wavelet types, but the power is still lower than the OLS under some conditions. In contrast with the OLS estimate the wavelet estimate has a localisation in time and frequency property which leaves the estimated trend to vary with time. The methodology here has been applied to real temperature data in Sweden for the period 1850-1999. The results indicate a significant increasing trend which agrees with the "Global warming" hypothesis during the last 100 years.
Conservation Agriculture and Soil Carbon Sequestration: Between Myth and Farmer Reality

Improving food security, environmental preservation and enhancing livelihood should be the main targets of the innovators of today's farming systems. Conservation agriculture (CA), based on minimum tillage, crop residue retention, and crop rotations, has been proposed as an alternative system combining benefits for the farmer with advantages for the society. This paper reviews the potential impact of CA on C sequestration by synthesizing the knowledge of carbon and nitrogen cycling in agriculture; summarizing the influence of tillage, residue management, and crop rotation on soil organic carbon stocks; and compiling the existing case study information. To evaluate the C sequestration capacity of farming practices, their influence on emissions from farming activities should be considered together with their influence on soil C stocks. The largest contribution of CA to reducing emissions from farming activities is made by the reduction of tillage operations. The soil C case study results are not conclusive. In 7 of the 78 cases withheld, the soil C stock was lower in zero compared to conventional tillage, in 40 cases it was higher, and in 31 of the cases there was no significant difference. The mechanisms that govern the balance between increased or no sequestration after conversion to zero tillage are not clear, although some factors that play a role can be distinguished, e.g., root development and rhizodeposits, baseline soil C content, bulk density and porosity, climate, landscape position, and erosion/deposition history. Altering crop rotation can influence soil C stocks by changing quantity and quality of organic matter input. More research is needed, especially in the tropical areas where good quantitative information is lacking. However, even if C sequestration is questionable in some areas and cropping systems, CA remains an important technology that improves soil processes, controls soil erosion and reduces production cost.
Numerical and Experimental Studies of Two-Phase Flow in Cooled / and Adiabatic Capillary Tubes

A numerical and experimental study was performed to predict the flow and thermal performance of a capillary tube that used in air conditioning and refrigeration systems. In the numerical study, the (CFD) technique was employed to model the problem using the finite volume method for a two-phase, two dimensional flow in the pipe. In the experimental part, an experimental rig was constructed using a split unite to measure the temperature and pressure along the capillary tube. These measurements were taken for (R-22) refrigerant with different ambient temperatures. It was found that for a fixed length and diameter of capillary tube the mass flow rate of (R-22) increases as the inlet temperature increases. The numerical study was then applied to predict the flow and heat transfer along several types of capillary tube, i.e. several lengths, diameters, and refrigerants, for cooled and non cooled tube. In the non cooled capillary results, the capillary tube length of R-407C (R-32/125/134a(23/25/52)) was found to be shorter than that required for (R-22). It was also found that (R-22) vaporized later than its corresponding (R-407C). The same condition was found for (R-12) and its alternative R-134a (CF3CH2F). The numerical results show a large effect of the length of capillary tube on the refrigeration system performance. When the length increases, the drop in pressure, temperature, and density decreases, while the velocity and dryness fraction increases.