Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The modelling of reverse defrosting cycles of air-to-water heat pumps with TRNSYS

The most widespread defrosting technique adopted by Air-Source Heat Pumps (ASHPs) during the heating season is Reverse Cycle Defrosting (RCD). In this paper a dynamic model of RCD, based on performance data provided by the heat pump manufacturer, designed for TRNSYS and with a core-structure suitable for commercial units, is presented. A defrost cycle is divided in three phases. First, the unit heating capacity is reduced as a linear function of the ice layer thickness (Pre-Defrost phase). Subsequently, the reverse cycle operating mode is modelled on the basis of the performance data given by the manufacturer (Defrost phase) and, finally, the heat pump performances are altered taking into account the higher surface temperature of the external coil after the reverse mode (Post-Defrost phase). Then, the influence of defrosting energy losses on the heat pump seasonal performance factor in sites characterized by different climatic conditions has been assessed. Results point out that the ASHP seasonal efficiency decreases of about 5% taking into account defrost energy losses; in addition, the influence of defrost cycles on the internal air temperature is studied by assessing under which conditions the indoor thermal comfort can be guaranteed even in presence of frequent defrost cycles.
Forest fires as potential triggers for production and mobilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the terrestrial ecosystem

Although forest fires have been identified as an important source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), this problematic has not been thoroughly studied yet. This study addressed the role of wildfires and time since fire in the production and mobilization of PAHs to the terrestrial compartment. Levels of 15 priority PAHs were assessed in topsoil and ash samples (by GC–MS analysis) collected in two burnt areas and an unburnt one, comprising two types of vegetation coverage and four sampling occasions after fire. The fire had triggered an immediately increase of PAH levels in topsoil, according to the comparison of burnt and unburnt samples, but this impact had largely faded 4 months later. Although the fire severity did not play a role in immediate postfire PAH contents in topsoil and ashes, variations were found with the type of vegetation coverage being higher in pine slopes. The wildfire event markedly changed PAHs composition through enrichment in three‐ring PAHs (69% vs. 27%, burnt and unburnt, respectively), which dwindled more markedly in topsoil than in ashes. This study pointed out the key role of wildfires as a source of PAHs to the terrestrial compartment, as unveiled by the increased levels in topsoil and ashes. Additionally, it was found that PAHs could be mobilized from these matrixes over the first year after the fire, possibly leading to aquatic contamination. This finding suggests wildfires as a diffuse source of PAH contamination to freshwater systems, which need to be considering in future monitoring/management programs on the environmental impact of wildfires.
A study of the relationship between planned physical activity social support, and sedentary behavior choices among women as articulated by the U.S. surgeon general under the affordable care ACT.2010

SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK PARRISH, DONNA D. B.S. GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY, 1999 M.S.W. CLARK ATLANTA UNIVERSITY, 2007 A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLANNED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR CHOICES AMONG WOMEN AS ARTICULATED BY THE U.S. SURGEON GENERAL UNDER THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT. 2010 Committee Chair: Richard Lyle, Ph.D. Dissertation dated July 2012 There are several implications for policy and social work practice concerning planned physical activity levels for women 18-64 years old. This study examines the relationship between planned physical activity, social support, and sedentary behavior choices among women as articulated by the U.S. Surgeon General under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, 2010. This study is based on the premise that a large percentage of women are not involved in physical activity. A quantitative method was used to focus on planned physical health beliefs and behaviors from the view of women. One hundred fifty eight (N=l 58) survey participants were selected for the study utilizing non-probability convenience sampling. The survey participants were composed of women and men. The survey questionnaire utilized the Planned Physical Activity Index 1 (PPAI) and a four point continuum Likert scale. The study benefits social work practitioners, law makers, educators, and administrators by emphasizing the importance of policy and how planned physical activity, social support, and sedentary behavior choices for women. Results suggest the majority of the women were not involved in planned physical activity as articulated by the U.S. Surgeon General’s report, Vision for a Healthy and Fit Nation (2010), under the Affordable Care Act, 2010. A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLANNED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR CHOICES AMONG WOMEN AS ARTICULATED BY THE U.S. SURGEON GENERAL UNDER THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT, 2010
Assessment, Historical Perspective, and Prediction of the Academic Performance at Senior Institutions of Transfer Students from a Multi-Campus Community College District.

A study was conducted to assess the academic performance of San Mateo County Community College District (SMCCD) students after transfer to a University of California ,(UC) or California State University (CSU) campus; tp compare study results with previous research on College of San Mateo transfer students; and to determine the variables most predictive of academic success ht a four-year institution. The study sample of 3,139 SMCCD students was drawn from students who transferred to a UC or CSU campus between fall 1974 and spring 1980. Study findings, based on data obtained from academic performance reports, included the following: -(1) the CSU cumulative grade voint averages (GPA's) earned by SMCCD transfers were essentially equivalent to those of all CSU undergraduates and all community college transfer students; (2) the'GSU 3-year transfer rate of SMCCV transfers was significantly higher than the 5,-year graduation rate of CSU freshmen and the 3-year graduation rat& of all community college transfers; (3) SMCCD transfers to the UC system experienced some sort of transfer shock as evidenced by a first-year post-transfer drop in GPA of approximately . 40 grade points; (4) GPA and graduation rates of SMCCD transfers to UC were higher than those attained by transfers to CSU; and (5) studies conducted since 1932 indicated that the large majority of SMCCD transfers were academically successful after transfer. (LAL) ********************************************************k************* Reproductions s.oplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. **********************************************************************
Available macronutrient status of soils in various cropping systems of Thotapalli irrigation project ayacut of North coastal Andhra Pradesh

Assessment of macronutrient status of soils under five major cropping systems namely, rainfed mango/cashew orchards, rainfed groundnut/mesta cropping, irrigated rice followed by pulses, irrigated rice followed by maize and irrigated sugarcane in Thotapalli irrigation project ayacut area of north coastal Andhra Pradesh was carried out. A total of 125 random soil samples were collected from five different cropping systems from five villages of five Tehsils (mandals) namely, Cheeprupalli, Therlam (both tehsils from Vizianagarm district), Ranasthalam, Regidiamadalavalasa and Laveru (from Srikakulam district). The results of the study revealed that the soil organic carbon (OC), available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulphur (S) contents of the irrigated land was higher than adjacent rainfed upland, however the exchangeable calcium and magnesium were higher in rainfed uplands and relatively lower in irrigated cropping systems. Significant positive correlation was noticed between percent clay content with available N (r = 0.311**), available P2O5 (r = 0.232*), available K2O (r = 0.473**), available Sulphur (r = 0.249*), likewise organic carbon content also positively correlated with available N (r = 0.456**), available P2O5 (r = O.578**), available K2O (r = 0.211*) and available sulphur (r = 0.298*), while available phosphorous, was negatively correlated with soil pH, EC and CaCO3 contents. The variations in soil properties and nutrient status among cropping systems indicate need for employing integrated and soil test based nutrient management in sustainable manner.
Head-to-head competition does not affect pacing or performance in 1 km cycling time trials

ABSTRACT Previous research has shown enhanced performance and altered pacing behaviour in the presence of a virtual opponent during middle-distance cycling time trials with a duration of 2 min and longer. The purpose of this study was to determine whether these effects are also present in cycling time trials of shorter duration. Twelve physically active men completed three 1-km time trials. After a familiarisation trial (FAM), participants performed two experimental conditions: one without opponent (NO) and one with a virtual opponent (OP). Repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to assess differences in pacing and performance using power output and duration (p<0.05). No differences in mean finishing times (FAM: 91.5 ± 7.7 s; NO: 91.6 ± 6.4 s; OP: 90.9 ± 4.9 s; p=0.907) or power output (FAM: 382 ± 111 W; NO: 363 ± 80 W; OP: 367 ± 67; p=0.564) were found between experimental conditions. Furthermore, no differences in pacing profiles between experimental conditions were found (p=0.199). Similarly, rate of perceived exertion did not differ between experimental conditions at any moment (p=0.831). In conclusion, unlike events of a more prolonged duration (>2 min), the presence of an opponent did not affect participants’ pacing behaviour in short duration 1-km time trials.
Landslide susceptibility mapping using sinmap method in a small hilly area: case study in Cibanteng Village, West Java

This paper presents the results of landslide susceptibility mapping in small hilly areas, Cibanteng village, Cianjur district, West Java. In this study. the physically-based model SINMAP (Stability Index Mapping) was applied in the GIS platform. The SINMAP model simulation requires data of physical properties of soil, such as cohesion value, internal friction angle, and soil hydrology to calculate the value of factor of safety (FS). The values of cohesion and fraction angel for the 10 sample points were obtained from the laboratory test results, while the value of soil hydrology, i.e hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, effective rainfall and index wetness, referred to the literature source. The DEM (digital elevation model) was generated from the 1:25,000 digital topographic map, which produced the soil slopes and specific upstream contributing areas. The result of SINMAP model simulation shown that the regions with a high landslide susceptibility (FS <1, unstable) were spread unevenly with an area of 261ha (17,6% of the study area). The Landslide susceptibility map from the SINMAP model provided a satisfactory result with an accuracy of 62,5% against to the landslide events occurred during the period 2010-2017.
Spatial Dynamics Model for Sustainability Analysis of Urban Settlements, Case Study of Surabaya Urban Wetlands, Indonesia

The city of Surabaya is the second largest city in Indonesia which still has active wetlands in the form of mangrove and ponds cultivation areas. This wetland has an important contribution to the environmental balance, protection of biodiversity, as well as maintaining the ecological function of the urban area to continue properly. Specifically this region contributes to surface water control which is an absolute prerequisite for the sustainability of settlements in urban zones. Urbanization and economic dynamics continue to drive increasingly highly demands of land, so that wetland areas continue to experience pressure and turn into built-up land use. The spatial dynamics model of land use change is one of the important instruments that can be used to analysis of urban dynamics complexes. This model using 2 methods in stages. First, the spatial data mining (SDM) method used to determine indicators of agents that contribute on the fragmentation of wetlands. Second, the integration method of Markov Change and Cellular Automata (CA) models for spatial land use projection. The results showed that the integration of SDM methods and Markov-CA contributed significantly to improving the accuracy of the results of land use projection. This model is then referred to as guided spatial projection where the process of urban sprawl can be shown to be more rational and logical. The results of the research are projections of the dynamics of land use that are used as input in calculating the surface runoff as one indicator of sustainability for urban settlements.
Mineral Abundances Inferred From In Situ Reflectance Measurements of Chang'E‐4 Landing Site in South Pole‐Aitken Basin

During its first two lunar day measurements, the visible and near‐infrared spectrometer on board the Yutu‐2 Rover of the Chang'E‐4 mission acquired six in situ reflectance spectra from the floor of Von Kármán crater within the South Pole‐Aitken basin. A spectral lookup table search has shown that the regolith at the landing site contains 56–72% plagioclase, 9–28% orthopyroxene, 4–19% clinopyroxene, and 2–12% olivine, in relative abundance, in agreement with the results from Kaguya Multiband Imager mineral mapping. A mineral composition analysis using measurements made by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper and the Multiband Imager has shown that the surface materials of the landing site may have been ejected from the nearby Finsen crater. This result is also supported by principal component analysis which shows a strong correlation between the compositions of the landing area and Finsen crater.
Spatial and temporal variability of dry spell lengths and indication of climate change in rainfall extremes at Tekeze River Basin, Ethiopia

Understanding weather extremes and climate variability both in space and time based on historical surface observed climate data at watershed is very crucial as it is used as in put for applying the seasonal forecast given by National Hydrological and Meteorological Agencies, in decision making in agricultural activities, water resources projects, rainfall-runoff modeling, and for drought risk identification and assessment. This study examined the spatio-temporal variability of dry spell length in Kiremt (June to September) season and trend detection, as a means of indication for climate change, in rainfall extremes over Tekeze river basin, Ethiopia. Daily rainfall indices were used over the basin based on data available from 24 meteorological stations having variable record length spanning from 1960-2009 with available data from 1992-2009 for most of the stations. Data quality control was done for infilling missing values and main quality tests of outliers and homogeneity tests. Temporal variability was analyzed by coefficient of variability and temporal trends were analyzed using Mann-Kendall method. Spatial distribution and variability was investigated using ordinary kirging interpolation technique. The results showed that: (1) The dry spell lengths for the months of kiremt season showed high temporal variability; (2) The dry spell lengths in the months of Kiremt season were shown to be higher in north-east and north-west of the river basin than the other parts; (3) The dry spell lengths were higher in the months of June and September and changed more rapidly in the basin than dry spell lengths in July and August; and (4) A significantly increasing trend on the 95th percentile of daily rainfall was found at Gonder meteorological station and significantly decreasing trend on the 90th percentiles of daily rainfall was found at Mekelle meteorological station. Key words: Dry spell lengths, extreme rainfall, climate change, spatial variability.
Salinization information extraction model based on VI–SI feature space combinations in the Yellow River Delta based on Landsat 8 OLI image

Abstract The interference of soil salt content, vegetation, and other factors greatly constrain soil salinization monitoring via remote sensing techniques. However, traditional monitoring methods often ignore the vegetation information. In this study, the vegetation indices–salinity indices (VI–SI) feature space was utilized to improve the inversion accuracy of soil salinity, while considering the bare soil and vegetation information. By fully considering the surface vegetation landscape in the Yellow River Delta, twelve VI–SI feature spaces were constructed, and three categories of soil salinization monitoring index were established; then, the inversion accuracies among all the indices were compared. The experiment results showed that remote sensing monitoring index based on MSAVI–SI1 with SDI2 had the highest inversion accuracy (R2 = 0.876), while that based on the ENDVI–SI4 feature space with SDI1 had the lowest (R2 = 0.719). The reason lied in the fact that MSAVI fully considers the bare soil line and thus effectively eliminates the background influence of soil and vegetation canopy. Therefore, the remote sensing monitoring index derived from MSAVI–SI1 can greatly improve the dynamic and periodical monitoring of soil salinity in the Yellow River Delta.
Seasonality and El Niño Diversity in the Relationship between ENSO and Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity

Both the impacts of two types of El Niño on the western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclone (TC) activity and the seasonality in the relationship between genesis potential index (GPI) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are investigated. The ENSO-induced GPI change over the northwestern (southeastern) part of the WNP is mostly attributed to the relative humidity (absolute vorticity) term, revealing a distinct meridional and zonal asymmetry in summer and fall, respectively. The seasonal change in ENSO (background states) from summer to fall is responsible for the seasonal change in GPI anomalies south of 20°N (over the northeastern part of the WNP). The downdraft induced by the strong upper-level convergence in the eastern Pacific (EP)-type El Niño and both the northwestward-shifted relative vorticity and northward-extended convection over the southeastern part of the WNP in the central Pacific (CP)-type El Niño lead to distinct TC impacts over East Asia (EA). The southward movement of genesis location of TCs and increased westward-moving TCs account for the enhanced strong typhoon activity for the EP-type El Niño in summer. In fall the downdraft and anomalous anticyclonic steering flows over the western part of the WNP remarkably decrease TC impacts over EA. The enhanced moist static energy and midlevel upward motion over the eastern part of the WNP under the northern off-equatorial sea surface temperature warming as well as longer passage of TCs toward EA are responsible for the enhanced typhoon activity for the CP-type El Niño. It is thus important to consider the seasonality and El Niño pattern diversity to explore the El Niño–induced TC impacts over EA.
Upper Mantle P and S Wave Velocity Structure of the Kalahari Craton and Surrounding Proterozoic Terranes, Southern Africa

New broadband seismic data from Botswana and South Africa have been combined with existing data from the region to develop improved P and S wave velocity models for investigating the upper mantle structure of southern Africa. Higher craton‐like velocities are imaged beneath the Rehoboth Province and parts of the northern Okwa Terrane and the Magondi Belt, indicating that the northern edge of the greater Kalahari Craton lithosphere lies along the northern boundary of these terranes. Lower off‐craton velocities are imaged beneath the Damara‐Ghanzi‐Chobe Belt, and may in part reflect thinning of the lithosphere beneath the incipient Okavango Rift. Lower velocities are also imaged to the north and northwest of the Bushveld Complex beneath parts of the Okwa Terrane, Magondi Belt, and Limpopo Belt, indicating that cratonic upper mantle in some areas beneath these terranes may have been modified by the 2.05‐Ga Bushveld and/or 1.1‐Ga Umkondo magmatic events.
Watershed-Based Rainfall variability and trends of extreme rainfall events in South East Awash Basin, Ethiopia

This study presents analysis of Rainfall variability and trends of extreme rainfall events in the Oda Gunufeta -Cherecha -Dechatu watershed, Awash Drainage Basin, Eastern Ethiopia. The study employed the coefficient of variation and the Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) as statistical descriptors of rainfall variability. The indices at the five stations were subjected to non-parametric Mann-Kendall test to detect the trend over the period between 1985 to 2014. The results of the study revealed that, the watershed experiences moderate inter-annual rainfall variability. The Belg rainfall shows high variability than Kiremt rainfall. Highest Belg & Kiremt rainfall variability is observed in Dire Dawa with coefficient of variation of 46% and 40% respectively. The annual PCI for the watershed in all the stations under investigation during the record periods showed that 100% of the years for which the annual PCI was estimated fell within the irregular precipitation distribution range or high precipitation concentration. The irregular precipitation distribution also extended to all the stations in short rainy season (Belg rainfall) and in two stations in the main rainy season (Kiremt season). With regard to the rainfall trend, the annual rainfall has showed a negative trend in most of the stations for the period 1985-2014. The Mann–Kendall trend test during the Kiremt season shows a positive trend in Dengego, Dire Dawa, Combolcha and Haramaya and the increasing tendency is significant at p<0.1 in Degego, p<0.05 in Dire Dawa, p <0.05 in Combolcha and p <0.01 in Haramaya. The heavy rainfall events, the 90th & 95th percentiles, in all the five stations showed an increasing pattern but except in Combolcha the trends are not statistically significant. This implies that the watershed has been under increased rainfall intensity and this in turn has the potential cause for high risk of flood occurrences.
Full utilization of nutrients in rice straw by integrating mushroom cultivation, biogas production, and fertilizer use

This study proposed an integrated process of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation, anaerobic digestion of spent mushroom substrate (SMS), and fertilizer value evaluation of digestate for achieving multiple products and full utilization of nutrients in rice straw. The results showed that the cultivated mushroom yield from rice straw was 401 g/kg TS. Biomethane yield obtained from anaerobic digestion of SMS was 133.0 mL/g VS. The fertilizer value of the SMS based digestate reached the national standard of fertilizers from organic sources in China. Substance conversion of rice straw during the integrated process revealed that the process could achieve the full utilization of nutrients in the substrate. Energy assessment indicated that the process had the viability to be applied. Therefore, this study provided a feasible strategy to set up a complete recycling agricultural ecosystem. Keywords: rice straw, Pleurotus ostreatus, anaerobic digestion, fertilizer value, full utilization DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe. 20191204.4658 Citation: Huang W B, Wachemo A C, Yuan H R, Li X J. Full utilization of nutrients in rice straw by integrating mushroom cultivation, biogas production, and fertilizer use. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2019; 12(4): 174–183.