Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Control Strategy of Establishing the Voltage of DC Side in MMC

This paper discusses the establishing method of DC voltage of modular multilevel converter (MMC). Firstly the structure of MMC and the charging principle of sub-modules (SMs) are introduced in order to control the DC voltage of MMC and reduce the switching loss. It is pointed out that the DC voltage control in MMC includes two parts, the DC voltage establishment of system and the voltages control of SMs. For the DC voltage control in system, the control theory is analyzed, and the corresponding control strategy is proposed. Meanwhile an improved voltage balance control strategy for SM is proposed by the improvements of the traditional voltage sorting method to reduce the high switching frequency caused by the blind action of switching devices in the SM control. Finally, the simulation results based on PSCAD/EMTDC show that DC voltage in MMC can run in the rated value steadily, and the switching frequency is reduced significantly.
Predicting the Seismic Response of Capacity-Designed Structures by Equivalent Linearization

An equivalent linearization procedure is developed for predicting the inelastic deformations and internal forces of capacity-designed structures under earthquake excitations. The procedure employs response spectrum analysis, and mainly consists of the construction of an equivalent linear system by reducing the stiffness of structural members that are expected to respond in the inelastic range. These members are well defined in structures designed with capacity principles. Maximum modal displacement demands of the equivalent linear system are determined either from the equal displacement rule, or from independent nonlinear response history analysis of SDOF systems representing inelastic modes. Predictions obtained from the proposed equivalent linearization procedure are evaluated comparatively by using the results of nonlinear response history analysis as benchmark, linear elastic response spectrum analysis and conventional pushover analysis. The deformations and capacity controlled actions of a 12-story symmetrical plan concrete frame and a 6-story unsymmetrical plan concrete frame are obtained by each method under 96 strong ground motions. It is observed that the proposed procedure results in better accuracy in estimating the inelastic seismic displacement response parameters and capacity controlled forces than the other two approximate methods.
Geologic and geodetic constraints on the seismic hazard of Malawi’s active faults: The Malawi Seismogenic Source Database (MSSD)

Abstract. Active fault data are commonly used in seismic hazard assessments, but there are challenges in deriving the slip rate, geometry, and frequency of earthquakes along active faults. Herein, we present the open-access geospatial Malawi Seismogenic Source Database (MSSD), which describes the seismogenic properties of faults that have formed during East African rifting in Malawi. We first use empirical observations to geometrically classify active faults into section, fault, and multi-fault seismogenic sources. For sources in the North Basin of Lake Malawi, slip rates can be derived from the vertical offset of a seismic reflector that is estimated to be 75 ka based on dated core. Elsewhere, slip rates are constrained from advancing a ‘systems-based’ approach that partitions geodetically-derived rift extension rates in Malawi between seismogenic sources using a priori constraints on regional strain distribution in magma-poor continental rifts. Slip rates are then combined with source geometry and empirical scaling relationships to estimate earthquake magnitudes and recurrence intervals, and their uncertainty is described from the variability of outcomes from a logic tree used in these calculations. We find that for sources in the Lake Malawi’s North Basin, where slip rates can be derived from both the geodetic data and the offset seismic reflector, the slip rate estimates are within error of each other, although those from the offset reflector are higher. Sources in the MSSD are 5–200 km long, which implies that large magnitude (MW 7–8) earthquakes may occur in Malawi. Low slip rates (0.05–2 mm/yr), however, mean that the frequency of such events will be low (recurrence intervals ~103–104 years). The MSSD represents an important resource for investigating Malawi’s increasing seismic risks and provides a framework for incorporating active fault data into seismic hazard assessment in other tectonically active regions.
Medical image-guided surgery planning for breast reconstruction using deformable modeling and surface flattening

In this paper, a virtual breast plastic surgery planning method is proposed, which reconstructs the breast after excision for certain diseases such as cancer. In order to achieve a rational result, we calculate shape, area, volume and depth of the skin and muscle for the reconstruction, based on the other healthy breast. The steps are as follows: 1) input breast's MRI data of patient; 2) get the healthy breast using balloon segmentation algorithm and get triangle mesh on breast surface; 3) flatten the triangulated skin of breast using deformable model to attain the shape and volume of the flap for breast reconstruction. Other methods such as mesh smoothing and cutting of triangulated surface are also introduced. The doctors validation and evaluation process are also provided to ensure the robust and stable result of virtual surgery planning.
What Triggers Travel Spending? The Impact of Prior Spending on Additional Unplanned Purchases

This study brings together prior and subsequent unplanned buying behaviors by investigating the large, albeit implicit, effect of the former on the latter in the tourism shopping context. The results of five experiments suggest that prior buying prices form a reference point that stimulates tourists’ unplanned buying intentions because of the contrast between prior and additional unplanned buying prices. The bigger (smaller) the former is, the bigger (smaller) the latter will be. However, once the illusion is eliminated, the contrast effect disappears. The study offers several theoretical contributions. It posits that prior buying prices affect the price evaluation of additional unplanned buying behaviors and intentions. The elimination of the illusion removes the effect of the former on the latter. The marketing and managerial implications of persuasive strategies to promote tourism consumption are discussed.
Synthesizing Strong Motion Using Empirical Green's Function and Genetic Algorithm Approach

The main objective of this article is to present a technique for synthesizing earthquakes at sites around a causative fault using the Empirical Green's Function approach. A Genetic Algorithm is developed for optimally minimizing the differences between response spectra of recorded and simulated time histories. The applicability of the technique is demonstrated through a case study, 2005 Mw6.4 Zarand earthquake. The proposed technique can be used in performance evaluation of existing and/or new important structures at sites around the causative fault on the basis of the requirements prescribed in the standard codes of practice such as FEMA274, FEMA356, and ASCE7–2005.
The Design of Elevator Monitoring Terminal Based on the GPRS

The elevator monitoring system of elevator is an integrated elevator management platform that can realize fault for alarm, rescuing trapped persons, daily management, quality evaluation and preventing hidden trouble by using C8051f060 MCU as the control core to sensor and collect the elevator operation data, with built-in TCP/IP transport protocol and with HuaWei GTM900C GPRS module to realize all kinds of data monitoring of the elevator, and the transmitting of the data to processing server through the network . This paper mainly introduces the formation of wireless monitoring network system and communication protocol construction, and especially analyzes the function and the system architecture of the wireless communication terminal in real-time monitoring. GPRS can not only satisfy the requirement of real-time elevator monitoring system, with low cost and high reliability but can also effectively avoid a variety of problems that are caused by transmitting the alarm data through cables . This system provides many valuable experiences for the development of unattended system, and it has a broad development prospects.
Improving RGB-D SLAM in dynamic environments using semantic aided segmentation

Summary Most conventional simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) approaches assume the working environment to be static. In a highly dynamic environment, this assumption divulges the impediments of a SLAM algorithm that lack modules that distinctively attend to dynamic objects despite the inclusion of optimization techniques. This work exploits such environments and reduces the effects of dynamic objects in a SLAM algorithm by separating features belonging to dynamic objects and static background using a generated binary mask image. While the features belonging to the static region are used for performing SLAM, the features belonging to non-static segments are reused instead of being eliminated. The approach employs deep neural network or DNN-based object detection module to obtain bounding boxes and then generates a lower resolution binary mask image using depth-first search algorithm over the detected semantics, characterizing the segmentation of the foreground from the static background. In addition, the features belonging to dynamic objects are tracked into consecutive frames to obtain better masking consistency. The proposed approach is tested on both publicly available dataset as well as self-collected dataset, which includes both indoor and outdoor environments. The experimental results show that the removal of features belonging to dynamic objects for a SLAM algorithm can significantly improve the overall output in a dynamic scene.
Downregulation of the Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 80 and Its Perspective Mechanisms in Ovarian Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Study

Introduction We aimed to explore the downregulation of the coiled-coil domain containing 80 (CCDC80) and its underlying molecular mechanisms in ovarian carcinoma (OVCA). Materials/Methods. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to confirm the expression status of CCDC80 protein. Combining the data from in-house tissue microarrays and high-throughput datasets, we identified the expression level of CCDC80 in OVCA. We utilized cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT) algorithm and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to explore the relationship between CCDC80 and the tumor microenvironment (TME) landscape in OVCA. Pathway enrichment, function annotation, and transcription factor (TFs) exploration were conducted to study the latent molecular mechanisms. Moreover, the cell line data in the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database was used to discover the relationship between CCDC80 and drug sensitivity. Results An integrated standard mean difference (SMD) of −0.919 (95% CI: −1.515–0.324, P = 0.002) identified the downregulation of CCDC80 in OVCA based on 1048 samples, and the sROC (AUC = 0.76) showed a moderate discriminatory ability of CCDC80 in OVCA. The fraction of infiltrating naive B cells showed significant differences between the high- and low-CCDC80 expression groups. Also, CCDC80-related genes are enriched in the Ras signaling pathway and metabolic of lipid. Nuclear receptor subfamily three group C member 1 (NR3C1) may be an upstream TF of CCDC80, and CCDC80 may be related to the sensitivity of mitocycin C and nilotinib. Conclusion CCDC80 was downregulated in OVCA and may play a role as a tumor suppressor in OVCA.
Observation of stimulated Brillouin scattering in low-loss silica fibre at 1.3 μm

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in low-loss single-mode silica fibre is observed at 1.32 μm using a continuous-wave single-frequency Nd:YAG laser. The threshold for SBS is 5 mW and the transmitted power reaches a saturated maximum for launch powers exceeding about 10 mW. A conversion efficiency of 65% is observed. The Stokes frequency shift is 12.7±0.2 GHz.
RESPONSE OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES ACTIVITIES OF SUGAR BEET TO DROUGHT STRESS

In order to evaluate the response of antioxidant defense system of three sugar beet genotypes to drought stress, a two-year field experiment was conducted at the Research Site of Sugar Beet Seed Institute in Karaj, Iran during 2008 and 2009. Irrigation treatments arranged in main plots during growing seasons included: 80 mm (I1: as control), 130 mm (I2) and 180 mm (I3) evaporation from A class pan under surface irrigation method, 30 mm (I4), 80 mm (I5), 130 mm (I6) and 180 mm (I7: as severe drought) evaporation with 100% volume of water requirement under trickle irrigation (Tape) method, and 30 mm (I8) evaporation with 75% volume of water requirement under trickle irrigation (Tape) method. Genotypes included: 7112 (G1), BP-Karaj (G2) and BP-Mashhad (G3) were in sub plots. Results of the study showed that drought stress increased the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in sugar beet leaves. There were significant differences among genotypes for antioxidant enzyme activity. Also, irrigation × genotype interactions showed significant difference on CAT and GPX activities. Results of the study also indicated that drought stress causes production of reactive oxygen species (ROSs), which results in greater membrane permeability, i.e. malondialdehyde (MDA) content and oxidative stress in the plants. Moreover, genotypes having greater levels of antioxidants showed better resistance to drought stress.
Torque ripple minimization in PM synchronous motors an iterative learning control approach

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives are widely used for high-performance applications where torque smoothness is an essential requirement. Parasitic torque pulsations in PMSM are generated due to harmonics in the stator flux linkage, cogging, current offsets etc. This paper describes a new instantaneous torque control scheme-iterative learning control (ILC), for torque ripple minimization. The proposed scheme has the advantage that torque ripples produced by the nonsinusoidal flux distribution is periodic in nature and therefore can be eliminated. This scheme is based on a dynamic torque controller and the conventional current controllers to minimize torque ripples. The dynamic torque controller compares the desired motor torque with the instantaneous motor torque, and generates the reference current (i/sub q-ref/) iteratively from cycle to cycle so as to reduce the torque error. The effectiveness of the proposed ILC scheme for torque ripple minimization is evaluated through simulation studies. Results obtained show that torque ripples can be significantly reduced using the proposed ILC scheme.
Preliminary Study on Quantification of Duck Color Based on Fuzzy K – Nearest Neighbor Method

In order to quantify duck color quickly and accurately, a visible light image acquisition system was developed in this study. Firstly, duck breast meat was extraced from the original image using over-threshold segmentation method; and then image fleshcolor features including average value of L*，a* and b* were extracted through color space conversion; finally, fleshcolor features were used as characteristic parameters to establish quantification model for duck color based on the method of Fuzzy k-nearest neighbor (F KNN) and BP neural network and the experimental datas gotten from the two methods were analyzd in contrast. The results showed the accuracy rate of test samples by F KNN method was higher than that of BP neural network, the accuracy rate was 83.78% and 78.38% respectively. Therefore, F KNN method was selected for quantification of duck color in this research.
Solid State X-Band Power Limiter

An X-band solid-state power limiter has been designed and built to protect receiver crystals from high-power microwave pulses in the kilowatt region. This passive and reliable crystal protection has been achieved by utilizing the nonlinear properties of both ferrites and semiconductor diodes. An understanding of the ferrite nonlinear mechanism, which gives rise to the characteristically large leakage spike, has been achieved and quantitatively described. This formulation resulted in an essentially optimized high-power ferrite limiter, whose mode of operation is qualitatively understood. Use of this ferrite limiter for crystal protection requires a fast response, lower threshold secondary-limiting unit, which was developed by using semiconductor diodes for power limiting in a reactive mode of operation. The ferrite and diode limiters were combined in a single device with an over-all insertion loss of 2.0 db and a 200-Mc operating "bandwidth. "
Virtual Reality and Emotion: A 5-Year Systematic Review of Empirical Research (2015-2019)

The central aim of this chapter is to identify how immersive VR can be used as a tool to inform our understanding of emotion and how emotion operates as a mechanism for VR effects. To accomplish this goal, we conducted a 5-year systematic review of the VR and emotion literature (2015-2019), while also reviewing seminal pieces from outside the 5-year timeframe to provide additional perspective on the more recent work. This decision to start the review in 2015 was purposeful in order to focus our review on recent, not historical trends in VR and emotion research, and to identify empirical studies that are concerned with three types of research: (1) the connection between VR and emotion from a emotion regulation perspective (e.g., mood induction, clinical applications), (2) studies that treat emotions as a mechanism to evaluate social or psychological phenomena, and (3) studies concerned with a deeper understanding of emotions or emotion theory. Our perspective draws on evidence from communication research, psychology, and human-computer interaction to achieve these aims. We ground our investigation in an overview of immersive VR and discuss current debates in emotion research. Finally, we attempt to make connections across fields by drawing on literature since 2015.
Impact of climate change on hydropower potential of the Lagdo dam, Benue River Basin, Northern Cameroon

Abstract. Nowadays, special attention is paid to hydroelectric production because it is an efficient, reliable, and renewable source of energy, especially in developing countries like Cameroon, where hydropower potential is the main source of electricity production. It also represents a useful tool to reduce the atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations caused by human activities. However, it is the most sensitive industry to global warming, mainly because climate change will directly affect the quality, quantity of water resources (streamflow and runoff), which are the important drivers of hydropower potential. This study examined the response of hydropower potential to climate change on the Lagdo dam located in the Benue River Basin, Northern Cameroon. Hydropower potential was computed based on streamflow simulated using HBV-Light hydrological model with dynamically downscaled temperature and precipitation from the regional climate model REMO. These data were obtained using the boundary conditions of two general circulation models (GCMs): the Europe-wide Consortium Earth System Model (EC-Earth) and the Max Planck Institute-Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) under three Representative Concentrations Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The results suggest that, the combination of decreased precipitation and streamflow, increased PET will negatively impact the hydropower potential in the Lagdo dam under climate change scenarios, models and future periods.
Effects of Heave Washout Settings in Aircraft Pitch Disturbance Rejection

In most moving-base flight simulators, the simulated aircraft motion needs to be filtered with motion washout filters to keep the simulator within its limited motion envelope. Translational motion in particular requires filtering, as the low-frequency components of the vehicle motion tend to quickly drive simulators toward their motion bounds. Commonly, linear washout filters are therefore used to attenuate the simulated motion in magnitude and in phase. It is found in many studies that the settings of these washout filters affect pilot performance and control behavior. In most of these studies, no comparison to a case with one-to-one motion cues is performed as a result of the limited motion envelope of the simulators used. In the current study, an experiment was performed in the SIMONA Research Simulator at the Delft University of Technology to investigate the effects of heave washout settings on pilot performance and control behavior in a pitch attitude control task. In addition to rotational pitch motion, heave accelerations at the pilot station that result directly from aircraft pitch were evaluated. This heave motion component could be supplied one-to-one in the simulator due to the modest size of the aircraft model, a Cessna Citation I business jet. The experiment revealed that pilot performance and control activity both increased significantly with increasing heave motion fidelity. An analysis of pilot control behavior using pilot models indicated that the enhanced performance was caused by an increase in the magnitude with which pilots responded to visual and physical motion stimuli and a decrease in the amount of visual lead that was generated by the pilots.
Fully automated three-dimensional microscopy system

Tissue-scale structures such as vessel networks are imaged at micron resolution with the Virtual Tissue System (VT System). VT System imaging of cubic millimeters of tissue and other material extends the capabilities of conventional volumetric techniques such as confocal microscopy, and allows for the first time the integrated 2D and 3D analysis of important tissue structural relationships. The VT System eliminates the need for glass slide-mounted tissue sections and instead captures images directly from the surface of a block containing a sample. Tissues are en bloc stained with fluorochrome compounds, embedded in an optically conditioned polymer that suppresses image signals form dep within the block , and serially sectioned for imaging. Thousands of fully registered 2D images are automatically captured digitally to completely convert tissue samples into blocks of high-resolution information. The resulting multi gigabyte data sets constitute the raw material for precision visualization and analysis. Cellular function may be seen in a larger anatomical context. VT System technology makes tissue metrics, accurate cell enumeration and cell cycle analyses possible while preserving full histologic setting.
Managing airborne relief during international disasters

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight the need for an entity to manage airborne relief when a nation’s civil aviation authorities are overwhelmed or incapacitated due to a major rapid-onset disaster. Design/methodology/approach – The paper examines why relief airflow management was so vital during the 2010 Haiti earthquake and how this management was accomplished. The author uses a case study methodology that includes interviews with logistics and aviation experts within the humanitarian and military communities involved in the Haiti relief effort. Findings – The research highlighted an airflow management capability gap within the humanitarian community. The author sets forth several possible alternatives for resolving this gap. Research limitations/implications – The research is a single case study of the 2010 Haiti earthquake. While performing a multiple case study may have provided more widely applicable conclusions, this case study provides in-depth information applicable to the worst of.