Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Histogenesis of hepatic cirrhosis studied by the threedimensional approach.

HANs POPPER, M.D., and HAs ELIAS, Ph.D. From the Hektoen Institute for Medical Research and the Department of Pathology of Cook County Hospital (Dr. Popper) and the Department of Anatomy, Chicago Medical School (Dr. Elias), Chicago, Ill. The forces that transform a normal liver into a cirrhotic organ are not clearly understood. Many hypotheses have been offered. '-6 The most acceptable description of cirrhosis is that of an altered reconstruction of the lobular pattern; however, the dynamics of the altered reconstruction are still not fully established. The recent re-examination of the structure of the normal liver based on three-dimensional analysis7 and a statistico-geometric method8 suggested the utilization of the same principle in the approach to the study of the cirrhotic liver. In the continuation of investigations devoted to the vascular supply in cirrhosis,9 the structural alterations of parenchyma and connective tissue have been analyzed. Whether the connective tissue alterations are considered the primary process in cirrhosis10 or as secondary to parenchymal impairment,2 these alterations are in the morphologic foreground and received, therefore, the main attention in the study to be reported.
Changing Community Variations in Perceptions and Activeness in Response to the Spruce Bark Beetle Outbreak in Alaska

Local sociocultural processes including community perceptions and actions represent the most visible social impacts of various economic and environmental changes. Comparative community analysis has been used to examine diverse community perspectives on a variety of socioeconomic and environmental issues. However, as the temporal dimension of community processes remains understudied, relatively little is known regarding how such community variations change over time. This study draws on longitudinal survey data from six communities on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska to explore temporal shifts in community differences in perceptions and activeness in response to forest disturbance associated with an extensive spruce bark beetle outbreak. The surveys were implemented in two phases over a 4-year study period. Results show that while community perceptions on the bark beetle condition waned and coalesced in some ways, significant differences remained or emerged with respect to other facets of local reactions. These shifting variances in community dimensions of the beetle disturbance were related to community positions along the beetle outbreak timeline and general community socioeconomic and biophysical situations (community context). The analysis also revealed community differences and contexts held an even more important role in predicting local responses to beetles in the re-survey. Taken together, findings from this research contribute a better understanding of the persistence and change in community variability as well as the continuity of community contextual effects.
Coronary artery disease: improved reproducibility of calcium scoring with an electron-beam CT volumetric method.

PURPOSE To assess the variability and reproducibility of a volumetric calcium score calculated with electron-bean computed tomographic (CT) scans of coronary arteries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two sets of electron-beam CT scans were obtained in patients with coronary calcification (group A) or known risk factors for coronary arterial disease (group B). The second set or scans was obtained after a brief interval (group A, n = 52) or after 1 year with no risk modification (group B, n = 27). Traditional (plaque area and attenuation) and volumetric calcium scores were calculated for each patient and lesion. RESULTS The median percentage change for individual lesions in group A was 13% for the volumetric and 19% for the traditional score. The overall reduction in error with the volumetric score was 40% (P < .001). The median percentage change for group A patient totals was 9% for the volumetric and 15% for the traditional score (P < .001). In group B patients, the median volumetric score increased by 44% after 1 year. CONCLUSION The volumetric score showed better reproducibility than the traditional score, and its variability was considerably less than the score increase in untreated patients after 1 year. The reproducibility of the volumetric method makes it useful for assessing the progression of coronary arterial disease on serial electron-beam CT studies.
Distributed Point-Based Gaussian Approximation Filtering for Forecasting-Aided State Estimation in Power Systems

This paper proposes a new distributed framework for forecasting-aided state estimation in electric power systems, modeled by a nonlinear dynamic system. We first introduce the point-based Gaussian approximation filters that use Gaussian approximation and various quadrature rules for computing the related posteriors. These filters feature higher tracking accuracy for nonlinear systems compared to the conventional method, e.g., the extended Kalman filter (EKF). Then, motivated by the increasing demands for wide-area monitoring, we develop the distributed version of the point-based Gaussian approximation filter, based on statistical linearization. In distributed state estimation, each sub-station can only access their local measurements. In the absence of a control center, the average consensus algorithm is applied such that the sub-stations can maintain the global state through information exchange with neighbors.
On Design of Video Equalizer for Distorted Chrominance based on the Bernstein Polynomials

In this paper, we propose a design of video equalizer for compensating the amplitude of chrominance signal based on the Bernstein Polynomials. The use of Bernstein Polynomials in analog filter obtain the advantages are linear phase filter, several parameters that control the amount of phase and magnitude, and flexible for variable of phase. In addition, experimental results are carried out by using the modulated 20T sine squared signal. It is shown that the proposed video equalizer can be enhanced or compressed the amplitude chrominance distortion in color television transmission
Model Reduction Methods for Magnetic Fields Based on Modal Analysis

This paper introduces model reduction techniques based on various methods known from mechanical engineering that are used in calculation for structural analysis. These techniques are applied to electrical machines reducing the number of degrees of freedom and, hence, computation time for transient analysis. It further introduces magnetic superelements for the stator and the rotor of these machines and combines them with suitable coupling methods from literature.
The interactive effects of coaching styles on students' self-regulatory emotions and academic performance in a peer-assisted learning scheme

We examined the effects of tutors' coaching on students' academic performance, as well as the mediating effects of students' self-regulatory emotions. The results of structural equation modelling (SEM) of data collected from a longitudinal field study with 297 respondents showed that facilitation coaching was significantly related to both self-regulatory emotions and academic performance. Four types of selfregulatory emotions (cheerfulness, dejection, quiescence and agitation) mediated the relationships involving facilitation coaching. Furthermore, the interaction between guidance and facilitation coaching was found to moderate the coaching — selfregulatory emotions relationships. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Micro-grid Demonstration Projects in Japan

This paper provides an overview of grid connection demonstration projects of the new energy and industrial technology development organization (NEDO). One of the important objectives of NEDO's recent R&D is solving problems that arise when distributed and renewable resources are connected to power grids. The author introduces national grid connection projects, especially micro-grid projects, promoted by NEDO.
Multiple system atrophy with early cognitive deficits: A case report

We present the case of a patient with multiple system atrophy with predominant cerebellar ataxia (MSA-C) in the early stage of the disease, who was assessed using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Many studies have found cognitive deficits in MSA patients assessed after 2–3 years, but not in the first stages of the disease. The aim of this paper is to stress the importance of a complete neuropsychological assessment, even at the initial stage of the disease, when instrumental examinations are not able to show cortical involvement and daily life activities have not been affected. The neuropsychological tests examined general cognition, verbal and visual memory, visuospatial and constructional ability, language, executive function, depression and functional autonomy. Results showed cognitive deficits in executive functions, above all in the control and inhibition of automatic response, planning and reasoning abilities, memory and visuoconstructional functions. However, these problems did not affect the patient’s autonomy in everyday life. MRI scan showed the involvement of the cerebellum and the fibers of the pons and raphe, with normal cerebral ventricles and sulci. The cognitive deficits in our patient could be explained by a disruption in cerebrocerebellum connections between the frontal areas and the cerebellar structures. These results show that a more comprehensive cognitive evaluation is necessary to detect early the onset of neuropsychological deficits, also in order to begin in time adequate rehabilitation programs.
Exploring the relationship between density and completeness of urban building data in OpenStreetMap for quality estimation

ABSTRACT OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a free spatial data source based on crowd sourced data. Although the OSM data have a range of applications, such as generating 3D models, and routing and navigation, quality issues are still significant concerns when using the data. Several studies have undertaken quality assessments by comparing OSM data with reference data. However, reference data are not always available due to high costs or licensing restrictions, and very few studies have quantitatively estimated the quality of OSM data under conditions where the corresponding reference data are not available. This study proposed the use of a building density (or building coverage ratio) indicator as a proxy, and designed a series of experiments involving different study areas to quantitatively explore the relationship between building density and building completeness for OSM data in urban areas. The residuals (estimated building completeness and reference building completeness) were also analyzed. Two main results were found from the experiments. (1) There was an approximate linear relationship between building density and building completeness in the OSM data. More precisely, the building completeness of OSM data was approximately 3.4–4 times the building density of OSM data. (2) Approximately 70–80% of the absolute residuals were smaller than 10%, and 80–90% of them were smaller than 20%. This shows that, in most cases, estimated building completeness was close to the corresponding reference building completeness. Therefore, we concluded that the building density indicator is a potential proxy for the quantitative completeness estimation of OSM building data in urban areas. The limitations of using this indicator were also addressed.
Evidence for an early appearance of modern post‐switch immunoglobulin isotypes in mammalian evolution (II); cloning of IgE, IgG1 and IgG2 from a monotreme, the duck‐billed platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus

To trace the emergence of the modern post‐switch immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes in vertebrate evolution we have studied Ig expression in mammals distantly related to eutherians. We here present an analysis of the Ig expression in an egg‐laying mammal, a monotreme, the duck‐billed platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus). Fragments of platypus IgG and IgE cDNA were obtained by a PCR‐based screening using degenerate primers. The fragments obtained were used as probes to isolate full‐length cDNA clones of three platypus post‐switch isotypes, IgG1, IgG2, and IgE. Comparative amino acid sequence analysis against IgY, IgE and IgG from various animal species revealed that platypus IgE and IgG form branches that are clearly separated from those of their eutherian (placental) counterparts. However, the platypus IgE and IgG still conform to the general structure displayed by the respective Ig isotypes of eutherian and marsupial mammals. According to our findings, all of the major evolutionary changes in the expression array and basic Ig structure that have occurred since the evolutionary separation of mammals from the early reptile lineages, occurred prior to the separation of monotremes from marsupial and placental mammals. Hence, our results indicate that the modern post‐switch isotypes appeared very early in the mammalian lineage, possibly already 310–330 million years ago.
Molecular cloning of an endoglucanase gene from an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. and its expression in Escherichia coli

One of the cellulase genes from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. strain N-4 was cloned in pBR322. A recombinant plasmid, pYBC107, expressing carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) was isolated, and the size of the cloned HindIII fragment was found to be 5.5 kilobases. The restriction map of pYBC107 showed a different pattern from those of pNKI and pNKII (N. Sashihara, T. Kudo, and K. Horikoshi, J. Bacteriol. 158:503-506, 1984). When the HindIII fragment from pYBC107 was subcloned into pYEJ001, there was a 3.8-fold increase in CMCase activity over that observed with pYBC107. Plasmid pYBC108 constructed by treatment of pYBC107 with HindIII and EcoRI expressed the CMCase activity, although to a limited extent. To verify the originality of cloned pYBC107 from Bacillus sp. , we analyzed the restriction digest by Southern blotting.
Dynamic Demand Response Using Customer Coupons Considering Multiple Load Aggregators to Simultaneously Achieve Efficiency and Fairness

This paper discusses the feasibility of using customer coupon demand response in meshed secondary networks. Customers are rewarded by coupons to achieve the objective of optimal operation cost during peak periods. The interdependence of the locational marginal price and the demand is modeled by an artificial neural network. The effect of multiple load aggregators participating in customer coupon demand response is also investigated. Because load aggregators satisfy different proportions of the objective, a fairness function is defined that guarantees that aggregators are rewarded in correspondence with their participation toward the objective. Energy loss is also considered in the objective as it is an essential part of the distribution system. A dynamic coupon mechanism is designed to cope with the changing nature of the demand. To validate the effectiveness of the method, simulations of the proposed method have been performed on a real heavily-meshed distribution network in this paper. The results show that customer coupon demand response significantly contributes to shaving the peak, therefore, bringing considerable economic savings and reduction of loss.
“They Say One Thing and Mean Another” How Differences in In-Group Understandings of Key Goals Shape Political Knowledge

Abstract Journalists and politicians play different roles in the functional structure of the Habermasian public sphere; as such, they might be expected to have different understandings of what knowledge production and transmission might mean. This difference of understanding is more than a conflict over definitions; it is an epistemic divergence à la Fuller (2002:220), where already defined groups hold divergent understandings of what constitutes understanding. While a substantial body of work has been based on the idea of epistemic communities in the context of science and expert organizations in general, little empirical research exists to demonstrate the validity and adaptability of the concept of epistemic communities in comparative political communication research. Here, we show the cross-national validity of the concept of epistemic communities in the context of professional groups of politicians and political journalists in Austria, Finland, France, Denmark, Germany, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland.
A script engine for realistic human motion generation

This paper proposes a framework of script engine for realistic character animation synthesis based on MoCap database. Given user-defined motion script sequence which describe the motion properties, the script engine decomposes them into sequential commands for retrieving relevant motion clips from the MoCap database and generate final animations. Furthermore, users can define their own motion elements table and scripts format suitable for various MoCap data sets. The experimental results show that this script engine framework can produce robust results and be used as a human motion engine in various applications, such as computer games, movies, sports simulation and virtual reality.
Gene Ontology Evidence Sentence Retrieval Using Combinatorial Applications of Semantic Class and Rule Patterns

Gene Ontology (GO) provides helpful information with respect to biological process, molecular function and cellular component in annotating the relationships among gene, chemical and disease. Due to the complexity of GO knowledge, developing automated or semi-automated GO curation techniques remains to be a big challenge for database curators. In order to efficiently and precisely retrieve GO information from large amount of biomedical resources, we propose a GO evidence sentence retrieval system conducted via combinatorial applications of semantic class and rule patterns to automatically retrieve GO evidence sentences with specific gene mentions from full-length articles. Introduction Gene-oriented biomedical researches constitute the basis of advanced life science researches. Although the phenomenal growth of biomedical studies augmented our apprehension of complex biological mechanisms, the sharing and exchange of these results are hindered by the discrete terminologies and depictions. Therefore, the Gene Ontology (GO) initiative attempts to provide a universal representation of gene products and their correlated attributes. To promote research and tool development for the curation of GO database, BioCreative IV hosted a GO track, with an intention of retrieving GO evidence sentences for relevant genes (SubTask A) and predicting GO terms for relevant genes (SubTask B). In this work, we introduce a combinatorial approach toward the SubTask A of BioCreative IV. In our approach, the subtask is further divided into two subtasks: 1) candidate GO sentence retrieval, which selects the candidate GO sentences from a given full text, and 2) gene entity assignment, which assigns relevant gene mentions to a GO evidence sentence.
The Impact of Publicity and Subsequent Intervention in Recruitment Advertising on Job Searching Freshmen's Attraction to an Organization and Job Pursuit Intention

This study investigates the impacts of publicity exposure and recruiting advertisement sequence on freshmen’s job search attraction to organizations and their job decisions. The current research uses a two-factor experiment design, publicity (positive vs. negative) and recruiting ads (detailed vs. general), and recruits 415 undergraduates (seniors are the majority). Results indicate that negative publicity has greater effect on applicant attraction than positive publicity. The perceived truthfulness of sequential intervening recruiting advertisement rules the reaction to job ad, then further impacts on organizational attractiveness and job pursuit intention. With negative publicity exposure, higher specificity of recruiting advertisement has more significant mitigation effects than lower specificity. This work discusses implications and directions for future research.
Laika BOSS : Scalable File-Centric Malware Analysis and Intrusion Detection System

Threat actors intent on gaining access to a network often choose file-based exploits because they can be easily and reliably delivered to intended targets. These actors often use the most common, critical protocols such as email, web, and social media as delivery vectors, and target widespread and critical applications. Wholesale blocks on those protocols or file types would cripple legitimate business activity and is generally not an option for network defenders. To defeat intrusions, defenders must be able to detect malicious files wherever they exist either transiting a network or stored on disk. There are a multitude of malware analysis tools and reverse engineering resources available to analyze malicious code, but these work best in one-off, isolated conditions and are not capable of real-time processing. As a result, most security teams have to manage a disparate set of analysis tools with different capabilities. This inefficient solution presents a frustration for many defenders: being able to detect malware in a lab, but not able to scale that approach to successfully detect malware and defend an enterprise. Most intrusion detection systems are focused primarily on the medium they monitor (e.g. networkbased, host-based). The medium-centric approach normalizes all collection, logging, and alerting around the medium. File features with all their different formats, data structures, and metadata are left as secondary concerns, or worse, neglected altogether. Furthermore, files often encapsulate other files, embed related objects, or have format-specific encodings which need to be deconstructed to identify the underlying characteristics. A modular approach to file analysis enables such an understanding. We propose a filecentric intrusion detection approach, allowing connectors to various network and endpoint devices which can disassociate the medium and any file encapsulation. A file-centric intrusion detection system, therefore, will scalably interpret, parse, and normalize files to expose malicious characteristics.