Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A PWM Approach for 3-Level and 5-Level H-Bridge Cascaded Inverters under Unbalanced Dc-Link Sources

For a medium voltage grid, it's troublesome to connect power semiconductor switches directly. As a result, a multilevel power device structure has been introduced as associate alternate in high power and medium voltage things. As a price effective solution, multilevel device that not only achieves high power ratings, however conjointly enables the utilization of low power application in renewable energy sources, may be simply interfaced to a structure device system. during this paper a carrier-based PWM strategy to balance line to line output voltages and to maximize the linear modulation range wherever the output voltage are often linearly controlled in the multilevel cascaded inverters in operation below unbalanced dc-link conditions is projected. In unbalanced dc-link conditions, the maximum synthesizable voltage in each phase is not uniform. Consequently, the linear modulation range is reduced, and a major output voltage imbalance might occur as output voltage references increase. So as to analyze the imbalance impact, the voltage vector space for the MLCI is evaluated thoroughly. After that, a neutral voltage modulation (NVM) strategy is projected to attain output voltage balancing as well as to extend the linear modulation range up to the most accessible point. Within the projected technique, the neutral voltage reference, that considers a zero sequence voltage to compensate the output voltage imbalance, and an offset voltage to increase the linear modulation range are easily obtained through easy arithmetic calculations.
Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Activity of Marine Actinomycetes Isolated from Parangipettai

Five Actinomycetes strains were isolated from soil collected in two different regions of parangipattai. The physico-chemical characteristics of soil samples are analysed. Morphological studies indicated that the strains belonged to the genera Streptomyces spectabilis, Actinomadura roseale, Streptomyces platensis, Streptomyces kavamyceticus and Streptomyces citricolor. Out of five isolated Actinomycetes species, one was selected for antimicrobial activity against five human pathogens. Streptomyces citricolor showed the best level of antibacterial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio cholerae whereas did not showed any antifungal effect against Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum,Rhizoctonia solani, Candida albicans and Penicillium citrinum.
Radiocarbon Dating of the Temple of the Monkey—The Next Step Towards a Comprehensive Absolute Chronology of Pachacamac, Peru

The ongoing Ychsma Project aims to shed light on the chronology and function of the late Prehispanic period at the well-known archaeological site of Pachacamac, Peru, through extensive archaeological research. The Temple of the Monkey is a special building that has been cleared, mapped, and excavated within the general framework of the study of “pyramids with ramps,” the most common form of monumental architecture at the site. Through the application of radiocarbon measurements, it can be shown that the temple has been used for around 150 yr and therefore is quite different from other pyramids with ramps previously studied (see Michczyński et al. 2003). Details of the temple, 14C sample selection, and methodology, as well as results, are discussed in this paper. The research has allowed us to make significant advances in the current understanding of pyramids with ramps and the function of the site of Pachacamac as a whole.
The response of precipitation to aerosol through riming and melting in deep convective clouds

Abstract. We have used a 2-D axisymmetric, non-hydrostatic, bin-resolved cloud model to examine the impact of aerosol changes on the development of mixed-phase convective clouds. We have simulated convective clouds from four different sites (three continental and one tropical marine) with a wide range of realistic aerosol loadings and initial thermodynamic conditions (a total of 93 different clouds). It is found that the accumulated precipitation responds very differently to changing aerosol in the marine and continental environments. For the continental clouds, the scaled total precipitation reaches a maximum for aerosol that produce drop numbers at cloud base between 180–430 cm −3 when other conditions are the same. In contrast, all the tropical marine clouds show an increase in accumulated precipitation and deeper convection with increasing aerosol loading. For continental clouds, drops are rapidly depleted by ice particles shortly after the onset of precipitation. The precipitation is dominantly produced by melting ice particles. The riming rate increases with aerosol when the loading is very low, and decreases when the loading is high. Peak precipitation intensities tend to increase with aerosol up to drop concentrations (at cloud base) of ~500 cm −3 then decrease with further aerosol increases. This behaviour is caused by the initial transition from warm to mixed-phase rain followed by reduced efficiency of mixed-phase rain at very high drop concentrations. The response of tropical marine clouds to increasing aerosol is different to, and larger than, that of continental clouds. In the more humid tropical marine environment with low cloud bases we find that accumulated precipitation increases with increasing aerosol. The increase is driven by the transition from warm to mixed-phase rain. Our study suggests that the response of deep convective clouds to aerosol will be an important contribution to the spatial and temporal variability in cloud microphysics and precipitation.
Morphotectonics and formation of the Taiwan Bank Canyon, Southwest offshore Taiwan Island

The South Taiwan Bank Canyon (STBC) is a large canyon on the southwest offshore Taiwan Island, bearing significant implications in fossil energy exploration. In this study, we analyze the morphology and sedimentary structure of the STBC, as well as those in nearby continental margin, using high-resolution swath bathymetry and seismic data. The the STBC is multiple-headed, steep in the upper part as a V-shaped incised trough and gentle in the lower as a U-shaped one; thedirection changes from NW-SE to E-W when it joins the Manila Trench at around 2200 m. The regional tectonic framework shows that the cannon was born in the Neogene under the influence of onshore rivers, followed by rapid thermal subsidence after the mid-Miocene, enhancing the sediment transport with frequent slides, slumps, and other sediment flows, and resulting in an incised slope with multiple gullies and heads. The NW tenso shear faulting triggered by the collision of the Luzon Arc against the Eurasian Plate after mid-Miocene probably pre-determined the position of the canyon and caused heavy down-cutting erosion. Strong magmatism in the underlying oceanic plate segment after the cessation of the South China Sea’s spreading could also play roles in reducing slope stability and generating seamounts that blocked the southeastward flow in the canyon and coerced the direction change into the east. Key words: South Taiwan Bank Canyon, morphology, tectonic setting, controlling factors.
Computational I ing and Partial Differential Equations

Digital images are generated through quantisation and data extraction from analog images for the real world by image capture devices such as a digital camera. The basic idea is to introduce a regular grid to the analog image and to assign a natural number 0 ∼ 255 for each square of the grid, which is called a pixel. A numerical value in each pixel represents the brightness or the average of gray-level of the image in the square. Sometimes, it uses multiple channels, for example, in the case of a colour image, three channels red, green, and blue are used. Another important aspect in the digital image is the resolution, which indicates the compactness of the grid. The higher resolution the digital image has, the closer it is to the real world.
NONLINEAR NETWORK STRUCTURES FOR FEEDBACK CONTROL

A framework is given for controller design using Nonlinear Network Structures, which include both neural networks and fuzzy logic systems. These structures possess a universal approximation property that allows them to be used in feedback control of unknown systems without requirements for linearity in the system parameters or finding a regression matrix. Nonlinear nets can be linear or nonlinear in the tunable weight parameters. In the latter case weight tuning algorithms are not straightforward to obtain. Feedback control topologies and weight tuning algorithms are given here that guarantee closed‐loop stability and bounded weights. Extensions are discussed to force control, backstepping control, and output feedback control, where dynamic nonlinear nets are required.
Growth and Entrepreneurship: An Empirical Assessment

This paper suggests that the spillover of knowledge may not occur automatically as has typically been assumed in models of endogenous growth. Rather, a mechanism is required that serves as a conduit for the spillover and commercialization of knowledge from the source creating it to the firm actually commercializing the new ideas. In this paper, entrepreneurship is identified as one such mechanism facilitating the spillover of knowledge. Using a panel of entrepreneurship data for 18 countries, empirical evidence is found that in addition to measures of R&D and human capital, entrepreneurial activity also serves to promote economic growth.
Sentence Sentiment Analysis Based on Cascaded CRFs Model

This paper focuses on the task of sentence sentiment analysis. The traditional sentence sentiment analysis methods have the following two problems. First, the classification method cannot consider the contextual information; Second, the label redundancy in the single-layer model has negative effect on the labeling accuracy of the second layer. Aiming at these two problems, this paper proposed a new sentence sentiment analysis method based on cascaded CRFs model, which used multiple CRFs models to computesentence sentiment and sentiment strength in a cascaded way. The cascaded frame can alleviate the negative impact of related labels on the labeling accuracy, and on the other hand CRFs model can consider the contextual information. This method can improve the accuracy of sentence sentiment strength label while labeling sentence sentiment effectively. The experiments can validate this method. The performance of experiments can be improved greatly than SVM method and classical CRFs model.
Running head: PTSD IN PREGNANCY AND AFTER BIRTH The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in pregnancy and after birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Previous reviews have provided preliminary insights into risk factors and possible prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) postpartum with no attempt to examine prenatal PTSD. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of PTSD during pregnancy and after birth, and the course of PTSD over this time. Methods: PsychINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched using PTSD terms crossed with perinatal terms. Studies were included if they reported the prevalence of PTSD during pregnancy or after birth using a diagnostic measure. Results: 59 studies (N = 24267) met inclusion criteria: 35 studies of prenatal PTSD and 28 studies of postpartum PTSD (where 4 studies provided prevalence of PTSD in pregnancy and postpartum). In community samples the mean prevalence of prenatal PTSD was 3.3% (95%, CI 2.44–4.54). The majority of postpartum studies measured PTSD in relation to childbirth with a mean prevalence of 4.0% (95%, CI 2.77–5.71) in community samples. Women in high-risk groups were at more risk of PTSD with a mean prevalence of 18.95% (95%, CI 10.62–31.43) in pregnancy and 18.5% (95%, CI 10.6–30.38) after birth. Using clinical interviews was associated with lower prevalence rates in pregnancy and higher prevalence
Interference-Aware Cooperative Anti-Jamming Distributed Channel Selection in UAV Communication Networks

This paper investigates the cooperative anti-jamming distributed channel selection problem in UAV communication networks. Considering the existence of malicious jamming and co-channel interference, we design an interference-aware cooperative anti-jamming scheme for the purpose of maximizing users’ utilities. Moreover, the channel switching cost and cooperation cost are introduced, which have a great impact on users’ utilities. Users in the UAV group sense the co-channel interference signal energy to judge whether they are influenced by co-channel interference. When the received co-channel interference signal energy is lower than the co-channel interference threshold, users conduct channel selection strategies independently. Otherwise, users cooperate with each other and take joint actions with a cooperative anti-jamming pattern under the impact of co-channel interference. Aiming at the independent anti-jamming channel selection problem under no co-channel interference, a Markov decision process framework is introduced, whereas for the cooperative anti-jamming channel selection case under the influence of co-channel mutual interference, a Markov game framework is employed. Furthermore, motivated by Q-learning with a “cooperation-decision-feedback-adjustment” idea, we design an interference-aware cooperative anti-jamming distributed channel selection algorithm (ICADCSA) to obtain the optimal anti-jamming channel strategies for users in a distributed way. In addition, a discussion on the quick decision for UAVs is conducted. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed algorithm converges to a stable solution with which the UAV group can avoid malicious jamming, as well as co-channel interference effectively and can realize a quick decision in high mobility UAV communication networks.
Grand solar minima and maxima deduced from 10 Be and 14 C: magnetic dynamo configuration and polarity reversal

Aims. This study aims to improve our understanding of the occurrence and origin of grand solar maxima and minima. Methods. We first investigate the statistics of peaks and dips simultaneously occurring in the solar modulation potentials reconstructed using the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) 10 Be and IntCal13 14 C records for the overlapping time period spanning between 1650 AD to 6600 BC. Based on the distribution of these events, we propose a method to identify grand minima and maxima periods. By using waiting time distribution analysis, we investigate the nature of grand minima and maxima periods identified based on the criteria as well as the variance and significance of the Hale cycle during these kinds of events throughout the Holocene epoch. Results. Analysis of grand minima and maxima events occurring simultaneously in the solar modulation potentials, reconstructed based on the 14 C and the 10 Be records, shows that the majority of events characterized by periods of moderate activity levels tend to last less than 50 years: grand maxima periods do not last longer than 100 years, while grand minima can persist slightly longer. The power and the variance of the 22-year Hale cycle increases during grand maxima and decreases during grand minima, compared to periods characterized by moderate activity levels. Conclusions. We present the first reconstruction of the occurrence of grand solar maxima and minima during the Holocene based on simultaneous changes in records of past solar variability derived from tree-ring 14 C and ice-core 10 Be, respectively. This robust determination of the occurrence of grand solar minima and maxima periods will enable systematic investigations of the influence of grand solar minima and maxima episodes on Earth’s climate.
Uncertainties in CMIP5 Climate Projections due to Carbon Cycle Feedbacks

AbstractIn the context of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, most climate simulations use prescribed atmospheric CO2 concentration and therefore do not interactively include the effect of carbon cycle feedbacks. However, the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario has additionally been run by earth system models with prescribed CO2 emissions. This paper analyzes the climate projections of 11 earth system models (ESMs) that performed both emission-driven and concentration-driven RCP8.5 simulations. When forced by RCP8.5 CO2 emissions, models simulate a large spread in atmospheric CO2; the simulated 2100 concentrations range between 795 and 1145 ppm. Seven out of the 11 ESMs simulate a larger CO2 (on average by 44 ppm, 985 ± 97 ppm by 2100) and hence higher radiative forcing (by 0.25 W m−2) when driven by CO2 emissions than for the concentration-driven scenarios (941 ppm). However, most of these models already overestimate the present-day CO2, with the present-day biase.
Kurdi, Amanj I and Chen, Li-Chia and Elliott, Rachel A (2017) Exploring factors associated with patients’ adherence to antihypertensive drugs

248 words) 1 Objective 2 To explore factors associated with adherence to antihypertensive drugs overall 3 (“therapy adherence”) and to particular classes (“class adherence”) in hypertensive 4 patients. 5 6 Methods 7 This retrospective cohort study included adults with primary hypertension identified in 8 the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink from April/2006 to March/2013. Individuals 9 were followed from the date of first-ever antihypertensive drug class (class adherence) 10 prescribed and from the date of the first-ever antihypertensive drug (therapy 11 adherence) issued to the earliest of study end, patient leaving the database or death. 12 Prescribing episodes (time from a drug class being first prescribed to the end of follow13 up time) of six antihypertensive drug classes were recorded. Proportion of Days 14 Covered (PDC) was used to estimate therapeutic adherence for a patient’s 15 antihypertensive drugs therapy during follow-up period and class adherence of a 16 specific antihypertensive class in each episode, respectively. Generalized linear 17 modelling was used to examine factors associated with PDC. 18 19
Pre-big bang on the brane FOFFA ,

The equations of motion and junction conditions for a gravi-dilaton brane world scenario are studied in the string frame. It is shown that they allow Kasner-like solutions on the brane, which makes the dynamics of the brane very similar to the low curvature phase of pre-big bang cosmology. Analogies and differences of this scenario with the Randall-Sundrum one and with the standard bulk pre-big bang dynamics are also discussed. FOFFA, Stefano. Pre-big bang on the brane. Physical Review. A, 2002, vol. 66, no. 063512, p.
Drought mitigation potential of Azospirillum inoculation in Canola ( Brassica napus )

Azospirillum is considered to be a most effective Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), which is responsible for various modifications in plants to cope with stress conditions. Therefore, the present research was planned to evaluate the effect of Azospirillum lipoferum (GQ 255949) inoculation on growth, biochemical, yield attributes of canola grown under drought conditions. Two different modes of inoculation were used; i.e., inoculation of seeds directly and exposure of planted seed in the rhizosphere. Drought stress was imposed at flowering stage. Azospirillum seed inoculation was helped mitigate stress effects by improving germination percentage up to 12.49%. Root area was increased up to 18.5% and 11.38% with seed and rhizosphere inoculation in drought stress respectively. Chlorophyll contents and water potential were increased 12.21%, and 11.0% in seeds inoculated under drought conditions. Superoxide dismutase activity was decrease up to 24.6% and 12.5% in seed and rhizosphere inoculated plants under well watered conditions. Seed inoculation was most effective, as number of seeds per pod and seed weight per plant was significantly increased up to 25%, and 14.28% as compared to the control. In conclusion, Azospirillum can mitigate deleterious effects of drought stress in canola under water deficiency conditions.
Affective Language in Student Peer Reviews: Exploring Data from Three Institutional Contexts

Although peer review is a common practice in writing classrooms, there are still few studies that analyze written patterns in students’ peer reviews across multiple institutional contexts. Based on a sample of approximately 50,000 peer reviews written by students at the University of South Florida (USF), Malmo University (MAU), and the University of Tartu (UT), this study examines how students formulate criticism and praise, negotiate power relations, and express authority and expertise in reviewing their peers’ writing. The study specifically focuses on features of affective language, including adjectives, expressions of suggestion, boosters and hedges, cognitive verbs, personal pronouns, and adversative transitions. The results show that across all three contexts, the peer reviews contain a blend of foci, including descriptions and evaluations of peer texts, directives or suggestions for revisions, responses to the writer or the text, and indications of reader interpretations. Across all three contexts, peer reviews also contain more positively glossed responses than negatively glossed responses. By contrast, certain features of affective language pattern idiosyncratically in different contexts; these distinctions can be explained variously according to writer experience, nativeness, and institutional context. The findings carry implications for continued research and for instructional guidance for student peer review.
Perceived barriers to the development of small, medium and microenterprises: a case study of Thulamela Municipality in the Limpopo Province

The study investigated the perceived barriers to the development of small, medium and microenterprises (SMMEs) operating in the South African small business sector. A quantitative orientation was used in carrying out the study through self-administered questionnaires and a descriptive quantitative method of analysis was applied. The research population consisted of entrepreneurs within the Thulamela Municipality in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. A purposive sample of seventy-five SMME owners and managers participated in this study (males = 73%, n = 55; females = 27%, n = 20 and, age range 18-55 years). The study seeks to add on the narrow body of literature concerning barriers faced by small, medium and microenterprises within the small business sector by revealing how SMMEs in South Africa are stalled from developing into successful enterprises as a result of some major barriers affecting the small business sector. The study revealed that, indeed, SMMEs in Thulamela Municipality in the Limpopo Province of South Africa are faced with various barriers affecting their development. Five significant barriers were identified, namely, lack of finance, access to market, out-dated equipment and technology, poor infrastructure and lack of training. The study recommends on the action plan that is required for SMMEs to increase their efficiency and sustaining themselves against possible barriers thereby helping entrepreneurs to exploit the full potential of the SMME sector.