Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Institute for the Study of Man in Africa

THE 1966-1970 Research Report of this project, Decline and Recovery of a Lafo, is edited by Professor Margaret Kalk, Director of the Project. The work was carried out under the auspices of the University of Malawi, the objectives being to study the biology and changing morphology of the Lake, to assist in a general ecological study of the north-west area of the Chilwa Plain, with a view to biological control of the red locust, and to improved land use, and to measure the radioactivity in certain soils on Chisi Island and its biological effects. A demographic study of the people of the area was made by Professor Swanzie Agnew. The three districts that cover the lake basin are predominantly Yao, Chewa, and Lomwe speaking and there are a large number of foreign-born settlers from Portuguese territory. The 1966 Malawi Population Census showed 300,000 lacustrine people settled in villages under their own headmen. This coincided with the lake being in full production but by 1968 all fishing had ceased, following the drying-up of the lake. Periodic fluctuations in lake level make the fishing industry uncertain and the future development of the area may rest primarily on the agricultural potential of the lacustrine plain. The present recovery of the fishing industry and the adaptive responses of the people in the environs have indirectly contributed to the fish-farming proposals in the irrigation schemes for rice and sugar in the Lower Shire Valley and it is expected that the University of Malawi will be called upon to undertake further researches into the changing environments and new patterns of work.
Career Counseling Chatbot on Facebook Messenger using AI

Increasingly we observe that newly graduated university students struggle to find employment, often ending up in fields completely different from those that they studied in, and employees reporting low levels of satisfaction in the careers that they choose. One of the reasons for this could be a lack of adequate, useful career guidance when an individual is in university or recently graduated. Chatbots are useful resources and a topic of interest in the realm of Computer Science and AI for their ability to mimic experts in different applications, as well as being able to replicate human interaction to varying degrees. Research suggests that the use of a chatbot in offering career counseling can serve as an efficient means to provide this useful service in environments where a dedicated career counsellor may not be available. A lack of appropriate, adequate career counseling means youth may wind up pursuing careers that are chosen for them by their parents or only chosen for the promise of high salaries. These decisions may be made without taking into consideration whether or not they align with the individual's interests and values. This can lead to feelings of dissatisfaction in one's career, which is detrimental not only to the wellbeing of the individual but also to the overall productivity of the business in which they are hired. Hence, the development of the chatbot will better inform users, assisting them in the ways of choosing a career. This will allow them to consider careers they may not have thought available to them, that would be more fulfilling and satisfactory than one that does not align with their interests. This research adopted both Research methodology and Software Development methodology. Under Research Methodology, a survey was conducted to gather information about individuals' opinions regarding their possible career choices, and what types of career advice they would like to receive from the system. In addition, the latest research on career guidance was considered in forming the basis of the questions asked. This information was used in chatbot system development on the Facebook Messenger platform, using tools such as the Facebook SDK, the Messenger Platform APIs, and JavaScript, and the Wit.ai API which enables the use of Natural Language Processing, which is a use case of AI techniques. The chatbot understands user input and give relevant and appropriate responses, reliably and in real-time. In conclusion, the results obtained are hoped to result in positive proclivity towards adopting the system, thus serving as a useful asset to any universities or institutions that might wish to utilize it.
Attribute Network Embedding Method based on Joint Clustering of Representation and Network

Clustering is the basis of many complex network analysis and application tasks. Preserving the clustering properties in network representation space contributes to a better clustering performance. In this paper, an Attribute Network Embedding method based on Joint Clustering of representation and network (ANEJC) is proposed. Based on variational graph auto-encoder, ANEJC jointly reconstructs adjacency matrix and attribute matrix. In order to preserve the clustering property of the network, ANEJC clusters network structure and hidden layer representations of variational graph auto-encoder, simultaneously. Extensive experiments carried out on four synthetic datasets and three real-world datasets demonstrate a superior clustering performance of ANEJC over the state-of-art methods.
Protection Principle for HVDC Transmission Lines Based on Fault Component of Voltage and Current

A new main protection principle is presented for high voltage direct current(HVDC) transmission lines.The principle is based on the variation characteristics of fault component of voltage and current,together with an indepth research on the transients caused by internal faults,external faults and lightning disturbances.By a set threshold for the ratio of amplitudes of the fault components of voltage at the same side relay location on bipolar lines,faults outside HVDC lines can be excluded,and the fault line can be distinguished.The polarities of the fault component of currents at the ends of the fault line are different for internal faults,while are the same for external faults.Accordingly,internal faults and external faults can be distinguished.Simulation results based on PSCAD/EMTDC for a practical HVDC transmission system demonstrate that the fault line can be rapidly selected and internal faults and external faults can be distinguished by the protection under bipolar neutral grounding at both ends mode.Lightning disturbances can be excluded by the proposed criterion.The protection criterion can move accurately for faults with high transition resistance and lightning induced faults,and can be also applied under one pole with 70% voltage and one pole with total voltage operation mode,anti-way power delivery operation mode,monopolar metallic return operation mode and one pole with maintenance outage.The calculation requirement of the protection criterion can be satisfied with sampling frequency in the range of 10～100 kHz.
Numerical simulation of abutment pressure in coal for non-pillar mining

Based on the theory that mining of coal seam causes wide range of overlying stratum's movement and stress redistribution,especially the change of abutment pressure of coal around mining face by using ANSYS to simulate non-pillar mining,observeing that there is crack in three principal stress directions of the coal above the goaf in the process of mining and the crack develops along the working direction of the mining face,thus preliminaryly got the distribution and development situation of cracks in the coal above the goaf under the influence of mining.According to the numerical simulation results,figured out the stress environment curves of coal around the working face,namely the reduced pressure zone,pressure area and voltage stabilizing area.Through calculating,the range of abutment pressure concentration coefficient for non-pillar mining is 2.54~2.96. Meanwhile,through the relation between the width of small coal pillar and the stress concentration coefficient,it is found that under the same conditions,the greater the wide column is,the smaller the coefficient is,and the smaller the increment is.
In Vitro to In Vivo Extrapolation Linked to Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models for Assessing the Brain Drug Disposition

Drug development for the central nervous system (CNS) is a complex endeavour with low success rates, as the structural complexity of the brain and specifically the blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses tremendous challenges. Several in vitro brain systems have been evaluated, but the ultimate use of these data in terms of translation to human brain concentration profiles remains to be fully developed. Thus, linking up in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) strategies to physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models of brain is a useful effort that allows better prediction of drug concentrations in CNS components. Such models may overcome some known aspects of inter-species differences in CNS drug disposition. Required physiological (i.e. systems) parameters in the model are derived from quantitative values in each organ. However, due to the inability to directly measure brain concentrations in humans, compound-specific (drug) parameters are often obtained from in silico or in vitro studies. Such data are translated through IVIVE which could be also applied to preclinical in vivo observations. In such exercises, the limitations of the assays and inter-species differences should be adequately understood in order to verify these predictions with the observed concentration data. This report summarizes the state of IVIVE-PBPK-linked models and discusses shortcomings and areas of further research for better prediction of CNS drug disposition. Graphical abstract Graphical abstract
THE REVISED THREE-COLOR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT METHOD BASEDON CCD AND DATA INTERPOLATION

The technology of contactless temperature measurement based on CCD is an important method for high temperature measurement. It is important to reduce the measurement error effectively. In this paper, the method of contactless temperature measurement based on colorized CCD is introduced. The change in radiance of a radiator to be measured and the response wave band of CCD are main sources of the measurement error for this method. In order to reduce the error by the change in radiance, the method of the three-color temperature measurement based on CCD is applied. In order to reduce the error by the response wave band of CCD, which is included in the K parameter in the equation of the three-color temperature measurement, the K parameter is revised by using calibration experiment data with the interpolation method. Thus the revised algorithm of the three-color temperature measurement is given. Theoretical analysis indicated that using the revised three-color temperature measurement method based on CCD could effectively decrease the temperature measurement error.
Capturing cultural requirements in the design of a website for an Aboriginal community

images. (Ackerman 2002) Fewer links. Vertical page layout. Abstract images. Pictures of students & people. (Callahan 2005) Simple with clear metaphors. Restricted amounts of data (Marcus and Gould 2000) Formal organization charts, rules, regulations, extensive legalese. (Rajkumar 2003 in Callahan 2005) References to daily life. (Ackerman 2002) Horizontal page layout. More pictures of buildings. (Callahan 2005) 6.3. 5 Long Term Orientation Long Term orientation is the least studied of the Hofstede dimensions and it was also the dimensions where we found most contradictions with previous work. Indeed there were no good matches between the identified design features in the Wollotuka project and the expectations of cultures with a low score on this dimension. It is suggested that websites for low scoring cultures will focus on fast efficient task execution. However, our web site promotes a slower explorative navigation by way of the interactive media. Contrary to other findings there was also a strong preference in our design to focus and highlight traditional practices that focus on Aboriginal knowledge practices. Likewise, love/devotion, social coherence and support through community, along with a more personal style of communication were all aspects of the design that were identified as important for inclusion in the Wollotuka website. These types of features have been associated with high rather than low measures on the long-term orientation dimension. Capturing Cultural Requirements in the Design of a Website for an Aboriginal Community Reece George 155 Table 6.7: Key Design Features Expected for Low and High Values in Hofstede’s Long Term Orientation Dimension. Score on Hofstede’s Dimensions Low High Long Term Orientation Green text indicates a correlation with the design requirements for the Wollotuka project, red text indicates results were contrary to the design requirements of the Wollotuka project. Emphasis on allowing the user to accomplish tasks quickly. (Marcus and Gould 2000) Few references to tradition. Emphasis on current events. Present clear strategic plans. (Rajkumar 2003 in Callahan 2005) Anonymous messages tolerated. (Ackerman 2002) Emphasis on tradition and history. Provide archives of early photos & images of founders. Make frequent references to the distant future. (Rajkumar 2003 in Callahan 2005) Love/devotion; social coherence, responsibility, support, preference for face-to-face communication, flags, pictures of groups inviting participation. (Ackerman 2002)
Extending motivational framework to teachers: same construct might function differently for teachers vs. students

Educational Psychology provides a major platform for educational psychologists to share their scholarly outcomes. The journal’s impact has been on a steady increase over the last decade and currently boasts an impact factor of 2.9. In the current issue, I am excited to present an excellent set of six papers, all of which significantly enhance our understanding of teaching and learning processes. Using the data collected from 507 German secondary school teachers, Schwab et al. (2021) point out a shortcoming of the global measure of teaching self-efficacy. Even highly efficacious teachers may find themselves less equipped to support certain sub-groups of students. As a pertinent analogy, imagine a child with high mathematic self-efficacy who does not feel confident when it comes to fractions. Student-specific teaching self-efficacy can inform the design and delivery of professional development for teachers by identifying the areas of training that each individual teacher needs. This study is very timely given the current emphasis on Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in education. With a nationally representative sample of university instructors (N1⁄4 785) in Germany, Stockinger et al. (2021) examine the relationships among instructors’ implicit theories of intelligence, achievement goals for teaching, and instructional quality. Considering the widely held belief that development of intelligence plateaus around age 20, the investigation of college instructors’ implicit theory of intelligence is important. Extending the current goal literature, the study suggests that the fine level distinction between two different types of mastery goals (focusing on task-mastery vs. self-improvement) is useful in predicting instructors’ teaching quality. The observed lack of hindering effects of performance-approach goals suggests that the nature of this construct might differ for teaching (instructors) vs. learning (students). Using the data from eighty-one Norwegian lower secondary school teachers, Lerang et al. (2021) identify different groups of teachers with varying degrees of instructional support and how they might be related to teachers’ job satisfaction and attitudes towards peer collaboration. Given that latent class analysis was conducted using the observer ratings and self-reports of instructional support, interesting profiles emerged such as a group of teachers rated as highly competent but did not self-report high competence (less confident despite high observer ratings) and vice versa (confident without corroborating observer ratings). The unique strength of this research lies in their data structure and the analytic technique that allowed a direct and in-depth investigation of the discrepancy between observed vs. self-reported teaching quality. In this well-designed two-phase longitudinal study with 1086 Canadian teachers, Wang et al. (2021) investigate the emotional labour of teachers. The study offers a well-organised
How Serious is Piracy in the Videogame Industry?

Downloading pirated videogames enables users of portable game machines to play downloaded videogames on a platform without purchasing the original versions. Based on a questionnaire survey, this study is the first to examine how familiar users of portable videogame machines are with downloading pirated videogames and how this affects whether they purchase genuine versions. The results show that although approximately 40% of surveyed users know how to download and play pirated videogames for free, most of them do not actually download pirated versions. Furthermore, no significantly negative relationship can be found between downloading pirated videogames and purchasing the original versions.
Context-aware activity recognition using TAN classifiers

This thesis reviews the components necessary for designing and implementing a realtime activity recognition system for mobile computing devices. In particular, a system utilizing GPS location data and tree augmented naive Bayes (TAN) classifiers is described and evaluated. The system can successfully recognize activities such as shopping, going to work, returning home, and going to a restaurant. Several different sets of features are tested using both the TAN algorithm and a test bed of other competitive classifiers. Experimental results show that the system can recognize about 85% of activities correctly using a multinet version of the TAN algorithm. Although efforts were made to design a general-purpose system, findings indicate that the nature of the position data and many relevant features are person-specific. The results from this research provide a foundation upon which future activity aware applications can be built. Thesis Supervisor: Stephen S. Intille Title: Research Scientist
On-line Temperature Monitoring of 10 kV Underground Cables-in-pipe Row Based on Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Technology

Temperature is a vital parameter in monitoring of power cables.Accurate and continuous temperature data are very important to working condition monitoring,dynamic load determination,overheating alarm,and fire forecast of the power cables.In this paper,the distributed temperature sensing (DTS) system based on Raman scattering effect and optic time domain reflection (OTDF) was applied in real-time temperature monitoring of 10 kV underground cables-in-pipe row,and the temperature data of the power cables were obtained accurately,which can be adopted as reference for determination of current carrying capacity of power cables.
Stochastic Pruning: Fine-Tuning, and PAC-Bayes bound optimization

We introduce an algorithmic framework for stochastic ﬁne-tuning of pruning masks, starting from masks produced by several baselines. We further show that by minimizing a PAC-Bayes bound with data-dependent priors [1], we obtain a self-bounded learning algorithm with numerically tight bounds. In the linear model, we show that a PAC-Bayes generalization error bound is controlled by the magnitude of the change in feature alignment between the “prior” and “posterior” data.
Significance of mobility in the life-cycle assessment of buildings

While most life-cycle assessments of buildings have focused on construction and use phases, the location of a building can significantly affect the transportation demand of its inhabitants. The life-cycle energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of two representative buildings in Lisbon, Portugal, are compared: an apartment building in the city centre and a semidetached house in a suburban area. An integrated approach is used to conduct a life-cycle analysis that includes building construction, building use and user transportation. Sensitivity analyses are used to evaluate impacts for multiple locations. For the apartment, building use accounted for the largest share of energy and emissions (63–64%), while for the house, most (51–57%) of the energy and emissions were associated with user transportation. Energy and GHG emissions for suburban locations were significantly higher (by 55–115%) than those in the city-centre locations, largely due to individuals commuting by car. The analysis demonstrates the significance of transportation and highlights the importance of residence location in urban planning and environmental assessments. These results are likely to apply to other southern European cities that have expanded with significant growth in car ownership and use. To improve urban sustainability, development strategies should consider the transport infrastructure in addition to building efficiency.
RURAL INTERSECTION INVESTIGATION FOR THE PURPOSE OF EVALUATING THE GENERAL MOTORS TRAFFIC-CONFLICTS TECHNIQUE

A TRAFFIC CONFLICT IS ANY POTENTIAL ACCIDENT SITUATION. THE TRAFFIC-CONFLICTS TECHNIQUE DEVELOPED BY GENERAL MOTORS RESEARCH LABORATORIES IS A MEANS FOR ANALYZING THE ACCIDENT POTENTIAL OF ROADWAY INTERSECTIONS THROUGH OBSERVATION AND TABULATION OF 5 CONFLICT CATEGORIES: LEFT-TURN, WEAVE, CROSS-TRAFFIC, REAR-END, AND VIOLATION. THESE CONFLICTS OCCUR WHEN EVASIVE ACTION, SUCH AS BRAKING OR WEAVING, IS NECESSARY TO AVOID AN ACCIDENT. TO DATE, THIS TECHNIQUE HAS BEEN APPLIED MAINLY TO URBAN INTERSECTIONS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE APPLICATION OF THE TRAFFIC-CONFLICTS TECHNIQUES TO RURAL ROADWAY INTERSECTIONS. THE TECHNIQUES WAS FOUND TO BE FLEXIBLE ENOUGH TO BE APPLIED TO BOTH RURAL AND URBAN INTERSECTIONS, AND IT IS THE AUTHORS' OPINION THAT THE TRAFFIC-CONFLICTS TECHNIQUE DOES DETECT ACCIDENT POTENTIAL AND THAT IT APPEARS TO BE A GOOD SYSTEMATIC METHOD FOR STUDYING AND EVALUATING THE ACCIDENT POTENTIAL OF AN INTERSECTION PRIOR TO DEVELOPMENT OF AN ACCIDENT HISTORY. HOWEVER, MORE RESEARCH AND EXPERIENCE WITH THE TECHNIQUE WILL BE NECESSARY TO ESTABLISH THIS AS A FACT. /AUTHOR/
Bayesian Inference in Augmented Bow Tie Networks

We develop a deep generative model that generalizes feed-forward, rectiﬁed linear neural networks with stochastic activations. We call these models bow tie networks because of the shape of their activation distributions. We leverage the P´olya-gamma augmentation scheme to render the model conditionally conjugate and derive a block Gibbs sampling algorithm to approximate the posterior distribution over activations and model parameters. The resulting algorithm is massively parallelizable. We show a proof-of-concept of this model and Bayesian inference algorithm on a variety of standard regression benchmarks
Thorax tissues segmentation: a first step for a dynamic beating heart digital phantom

In this paper, we present an approach to obtain a beating heart digital phantom. The goal of this phantom is to obtain a dynamic model of the beating heart surrounded with its neighbor closest tissues and organs. In this phantom, thirteen different tissues were segmented from a dynamic sequence of 20 thoracic CT volumes. We use a semi-automatic method to describe this tissues of the first volume. The temporal evolution of these tissues has then been estimated by propagating this first segmentation to the others volumes by an elastic registration. This dynamic digital phantom can now be used to simulate a therapy, to model the cardiac electrical field, to evaluate registrations methods.