Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A distributed, scalable parallelization of fuzzy c-means algorithm

Distributed Applications from different domains like Health care, E-Commerce, science, social networks etc., tend to generate large volumes of heterogeneous data that grow exponentially over a period of time leading to big data sets. Descriptive Analytics, on big data sets, pose a great challenge for traditional data analytical tools, since it is to be performed on the full data set, unlike predictive analytics which is done on training samples. Clustering is a commonly used descriptive analytics method, that requires necessary support for execution on big data sets. Clustering is a process of generating groups from a data set, such that members within a group have strong affinity to each other, and very weak affinity to members across the groups. The most common clustering algorithm is the K-means algorithm, which gives crisp clusters, where each data member belongs to exactly one cluster, This algorithm tends to provide less accuracy, when the nature of the data members is such that, they tend to show affinity towards more than one cluster. This vagueness in the data is better captured by the Fuzzy c-Means algorithm, which is seen as an improvement over the k-means, giving a set of fuzzy clusters, where the affinity to each of the clusters is defined by a membership value. In this paper, we present an implementation of fuzzy c-means algorithm, as a parallelized algorithm, for big data analytics, using the MapReduce programming model on Hadoop framework. A detailed performance analysis of the implementation, using various parameters of the algorithm is presented on a real data set from the machine library.
SiGe-Channel Confinement Effects for Short-Channel PFETs With Nonbandedge Gate Workfunctions

Thin SiGe-channel confinement is found to provide significant control of the short channel effects typically associated with nonbandedge gate electrodes, in an analogous manner to ultrathin-body approaches. Gate workfunction requirements for thin-SiGe-channel p-type field effect transistors are therefore relaxed substantially more than what is expected from a simple observation of the difference between gate and channel workfunctions. In particular, thin-SiGe channels are shown to enable cost-effective high-performance bulk CMOS technologies with a single gate workfunction near the conduction bandedge. Buried channel, gate workfunction, metal gate, SiGe-channel confinement effects, SiGe-channel MOSFET, silicon germanium, ultrathin-body (UTB).
A Double Layer Substrate Integrated Waveguide Blass Matrix for Beamforming Applications

In this letter, a double layer Blass matrix based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is proposed. A prototype of 4 times 16 Blass matrix is implemented, fabricated and measured with SIW slot antennas installed at the output ports. The measured data are in good agreement with the simulated results. At 16.1 GHz, the measured Side Lobe Level of all individual beams is less than -12 dB. Compared with the conventional waveguide construction, this type of Blass matrix possesses the properties of lower cost, easier fabrication and low profile.
Simulation of a Digital Camera Pipeline

The goal of this paper is to present an analysis of an image capture system and of the color process of an input image as it passes through the digital camera pipeline. The analysis covers only the part related to the optical sensor a Cook Tyler triplet, the optical part of the CCD (charge coupled devices) image sensor and color processing. We consider the image acquisition to be a LSI (linear shift invariant system) and axial, and the light propagation is orthogonal to system. The simulation results address the image acquisition and the processing part of a digital camera pipeline. The analysis can be useful to assist engineers in image quality evaluation and imaging system design.
Compact Broadband Printed Slot-Monopole-Hybrid Diversity Antenna for Mobile Terminals

A compact broadband printed diversity antenna is proposed and studied. The antenna, which consists of two symmetric slot-monopole-hybrid (SMH) elements, is printed on a printed circuit board (PCB). A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. It has a -10-dB impedance bandwidth of 460 MHz (1.85-2.31 GHz), covering the PCS (1850-1990 MHz), PHS (1880-1930 MHz), DECT (1880-1900 MHz), and UMTS (1920-2170 MHz) bands, and across the whole band, the isolation of the diversity antenna is higher than 14.8 dB. The measured radiation patterns can cover complementary space regions. The diversity performance is also evaluated by calculating the envelope correlation coefficient, the mean effective gains of the elements, and the diversity gain using the measured results.
Effects of flipped instruction on the performance and attitude of high school students in mathematics

This study aimed to determine the effects of flipped instruction on the performance and attitude of high school students in Mathematics. The study made use of the true experimental design, specifically the pretest-posttest control group design. There were two instruments used to gather data, the pretest-posttest which was subjected to validity and reliability tests and the Modified Fennema-Sherman Attitudes Scale. It was found out that the experimental and control groups were comparable in the pretest and posttest. Comparison on their gain scores revealed significant difference with performance of the experimental group higher than the control group. There was no significant difference on the level of attitude of the participants in the experimental group before and after the study in terms of confidence in learning mathematics, attitude toward success in mathematics, mathematics anxiety and perception of teacher's attitudes. A very weak positive relationship existed between performance and attitudes toward mathematics.
Predicting CPU requirements with variability equations of ZF-SQRD and rake receiver in a DSP context

Establishing generalized variability equations of two applications to depict the number of cycles performed by a signal processor and exploring the impact of software pipelining in the prediction of this variability are the primary objectives of this paper. Secondly, comes the procedure in order to automate the profiling of the target algorithms implemented in C. In terms of variability, a first analysis of implementation results has been realized with Zero Forcing Sorted QR Decomposition (ZF- SQRD) algorithm. It has pointed up that grouping the results according to their diversity gain permits to achieve more general equations for prediction without lost of precision. A second analysis with the Rake Receiver brings out a linear changeability of the clock cycles relying on the number of fingers variations. Finally, a ratio around one of two was deduced for the CPU requirements between enabled and disabled software pipelining for the both applications.
Incident Wave Models of Monopole Antenna on Perfectly Conducting Ground Plane

A few widely used incident wave models for antenna analysis are compared on the basis of antenna factor (AF) computations. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique is applied to compute the complex AF of monopole antenna placed on conduction ground plane in the receiving mode. The computed AFs are compared with published measured results.
A Configuration of Storage System for DC Microgrids

Battery energy storage systems are often adopted to buffer the difference between the intermittent solar power and the load demand in power grids. The costs of such photovoltaic (PV) battery systems increase as the required energy storage increases. In this paper, a new configuration comprising the PV panels, a series dc electric spring (series ES) and a noncritical load is proposed to reduce the battery storage capacity of dc microgrids that have substantial PV installations. This arrangement forms a PV-embedded series dc ES (PVES). An optimization method considering the minimization of electricity bills of the dc microgrids is included to size the storage capacity and to determine the rating of the PV that are connected to the series ES. Experiments on a 48-V isolated dc grid and simulations on a 400-kVA grid-connected dc microgrid have been conducted to verify the storage reduction feature of the PVES. Both sets of results show that the PVES can tackle the intermittency of the solar power with a smaller storage capacity than that typically required in dc grids with PV installations.
Biomass Energy Technological Paradigm (BETP): Trends in This Sector

Renewable energy plays a significant role in the world for obvious environmental and economic reasons with respect to the increasing energy crisis and fossil fuel environmental problems. Biomass energy, one of the most promising renewable energy technologies, has drawn increasing attention in recent years. However, biomass technologies still vary without an integrated framework. Considering the theory of a technological paradigm and implementing a literature analysis, biomass technological development was found to follow a three-stage technological paradigm, which can be divided into: BETP (biomass energy technological paradigm) competition, BETP diffusion, and BETP shift. Further, the literature review indicates that waste, like municipal solid waste (MSW), has the potential to be an important future trend in the world and waste-to-energy (WTE) is designed for sustainable waste management. Among WTE, anaerobic digestion has the potential to produce energy from waste sustainably, safely, and cost-effectively. The new BETP technological framework proposed in this paper may offer new research ideas and provide a significant reference for scholars.
Compact dual-band microstrip bandpass filters using composite cross and open/short-circuited E-shaped resonators

In this paper, a class of new dual-band microstrip bandpass filters (BPFs) using composite cross and open/short-circuited E-shaped resonators is proposed. With the choice of the open- or short-circuited E-shaped resonator, the dual-band filter can be designed with different number of transmission poles in each passband. A transversal coupling scheme is used to analyze and design the proposed dual-band BPFs. Finally, two filters are analyzed, designed and tested to verify the proposed composite structure.
Modeling and Prediction of Vehicle Routes Based on Hidden Markov Model

Understanding traffic conditions, in an urban environment, by means monitoring or/and predicting is not an easy task. In Intelligent Transportation Systems, the reliable vehicle route prediction has meaningful application value. Vehicle route prediction can increase the variety of VANETs applications such as predicting traffic situation ahead, optimal route recommendation, driver assistant, and automatic vehicle behaviors. Due to the challenge imposed by the vehicle route prediction and its wide application, researchers in both industry and academia have focused their efforts on this area. In order to explore this area, this paper describes an approach to predict the vehicle's future path in a realistic urban scenario. For that, it employs a hidden Markov model along with the outcome of the Viterbi algorithm to make a probabilistic prediction. The parameters modeling is estimated based on information extracted from the travel route dataset and computed in an offline manner. In the online phase, the routes prediction is carried out. Our approach has high accuracy rate according to the numerical simulations results. Moreover, we believe that the VANETs applications previously mentioned can take advantage of our approach.
Detection of DCT coefficient modulation schemes in JPEG images

This paper addresses practical aspects of detecting the presence of some piece of data which has been steganographicly hidden in the transform domain of JPEG images. The paper proposes a method that is capable of discovering stego-data embedded by modulating specified DCT coefficients. Actually, the proposed algorithm is a modification of the well-known Harmsen&Pearlman method of steganalysis. We perform our analysis in the transform domain rather than in the pixel one as Harmsen and Pearlman do. The effectiveness of our approach to detection of DCT coefficient modulation schemes in JPEG images is illustrated by real-life examples.
A Discrete Single Input PI Fuzzy Controller for Inverter Applications

In this paper, a discrete single input PI Fuzzy controller for inverter applications is presented. In contrary to the typical PI Fuzzy which requires minimum of two inputs variables, the proposed controller requires only one input. However the performance of the controller is not degraded. The reduction in the number of inputs minimized the number of fuzzy rules, tuning parameters and thus simplifies the overall fuzzy controller design. Furthermore, with single input, the input-output mapping can be presented as a simple control surface. In this case, it is mapped as a piecewise linear and can be realized by using a simple look-up table. As a result, a faster fuzzy calculation can be achieved using an inexpensive digital processor. A design example of the proposed controller for a single phase inverter is outlined. Using Matlab simulations, it can be shown that the proposed controller exhibits equivalent performance with the typical PI fuzzy controller.
Optimizing windows 10 logging to detect network security threats

The collection and analysis of event logs allows detection and debugging of operating system and application configuration errors. An appropriate selection of event logs allows you to detect cyber-attacks and prevent potential damage. In the article, we focused on the selection and optimization of event logs for the Microsoft Windows operating system. We have experimentally verified the structure and amount of produced logs and we proposed their optimization.
Face detection and recognition with video database

This paper focus, to reduce the computational complexity in face detection and to improve the accuracy rate of face recognition. Viola jones algorithm is used for the face detection. There exist challenges in pre-processing stages like illumination, noise reduction, low resolution, which has to be faced. These problems can be overcome by hue saturation for illumination, median filters for noise reduction and low resolution by super resolution algorithm. Convolutional neural network is the technique used for recognition of the face and also its identity is shown.
CO-graph: A new graph-based technique for cross-lingual word sense disambiguation

Abstract In this paper, we present a new method based on co-occurrence graphs for performing Cross-Lingual Word Sense Disambiguation (CLWSD). The proposed approach comprises the automatic generation of bilingual dictionaries, and a new technique for the construction of a co-occurrence graph used to select the most suitable translations from the dictionary. Different algorithms that combine both the dictionary and the co-occurrence graph are then used for performing this selection of the final translations: techniques based on sub-graphs (communities) containing clusters of words with related meanings, based on distances between nodes representing words, and based on the relative importance of each node in the whole graph. The initial output of the system is enhanced with translation probabilities, provided by a statistical bilingual dictionary. The system is evaluated using datasets from two competitions: task 3 of SemEval 2010, and task 10 of SemEval 2013. Results obtained by the different disambiguation techniques are analysed and compared to those obtained by the systems participating in the competitions. Our system offers the best results in comparison with other unsupervised systems in most of the experiments, and even overcomes supervised systems in some cases.
Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 1: Review and synthesis of literature data for different ecosystems

Abstract. Bacteria are ubiquitous in the atmosphere, with concentrations of bacterial cells typically exceeding 1×104 m−3 over land. Numerous studies have suggested that the presence of bacteria in the atmosphere may impact cloud development, atmospheric chemistry, and microbial biogeography. A sound knowledge of bacterial concentrations and distributions in the atmosphere is needed to evaluate these claims. This review focusses on published measurements of total and culturable bacteria concentrations in the atmospheric aerosol. We discuss emission mechanisms and the impacts of meteorological conditions and measurement techniques on measured bacteria concentrations. Based on the literature reviewed, we suggest representative values and ranges for the mean concentration in the near-surface air of nine natural ecosystems and three human-influenced land types. We discuss the gaps in current knowledge of bacterial concentrations in air, including the lack of reliable, long-term measurements of the total microbial concentrations in many regions and the scarcity of emission flux measurements.
Cognitive Radio: From Spectrum Sharing to Adaptive Learning and Reconfiguration

This paper introduces important cognitive radio developments like spectrum sharing, learning and adaptation algorithms, and the software and hardware architecture to support these functions. A cognitive radio is defined here as a transceiver that is aware of its environment and can combine this awareness with knowledge of its user's priorities, needs, operational procedures, and governing regulatory rules. It adapts to its environment and configures itself in an appropriate fashion. The radio learns through experience and is capable of generating solutions for communications problems unforeseen by its designers. Our spectrum sharing cognitive radio is built upon GNU radio and uses the universal software radio peripheral (USRP) device as our radio front end platform. We use cyclostationary feature analysis to detect low SNR modulated signals because of its ability to distinguish between modulated signals, interference, and noise in low signal to noise ratios. A parallel algorithm running on a cell broadband engine (Cell BE) is used to attack the associated high computational complexity. A new spectrum sensing scheme, incorporating spectrum monitoring, data transmission, and dynamic channel switching, is designed to fully utilize the idle time of the primary user. Our work is based on the concept of a cognitive engine: an intelligent software package that "reads the meters" and "turns the knobs" of any attached software defined radio (SDR) platform. Using an eclectic combination of artificial intelligence techniques including case-based decision theory, multi-objective genetic algorithms, and neural networks, it implements a system of nested cognition loops. Applied to public safety communications, this technology is the basis of a working prototype Public Safety Cognitive Radio that can scan the public safety spectrum (multiple bands and multiple waveforms, all incompatible) and configure itself to interoperate with any public safety waveform that it finds within 0.1 seconds of determining that a signal is present.
An ab initio study of optical and Raman spectra of heavily Li-doped 4 Å carbon nanotubes

An extended and systematic ab initio investigation of the energetics, structural, electronic, optical and Raman-active properties of heavily Li-doped ultrathin 4 A diameter carbon nanotubes of different chiralities has been performed. A number of new features not discussed earlier are observed in the present study. Our values for the binding energies of the Li-doped tubes are higher than the ones reported earlier. We find the Li-doped (3, 3) tubes stable in contrast to an earlier prediction. For each type of the tube, the saturation intake of Li atoms inside the tube is 8–10% only, whereas on the surfaces of the (5, 0) and (4, 2) tubes, this intake is as high as 100%, and it forms a circular tube of Li+ ions around the tube. Li atoms residing on the axis inside the tube do not modify the symmetry of the host tube and thus the electronic structure (except the upward shifting of the Fermi surface, EF) in contrast to surface Li atoms which (apart from the (4, 2) tube, which possesses no symmetry) destroy the symmetry and drastically alter the electronic structure. In general, Li doping inside or outside the tube increases the electron density of states (DOS) several times except in the (5, 0) tube doped with a small concentration of Li atoms, where it decreases. For one inner Li atom in each tube, the peak structure in the optical absorption remains essentially the same as that of the pristine tube. In general, the optical absorption is different for the various nanotube–Li configurations studied. For each type of tube, in general, the RBM frequency reduces with the dilation of the diameter of the optimized tube. The high values of DOS obtained for certain Li concentrations may lead to high values of electrical conductivity and the superconducting transition temperatures in Li-doped tubes as has already been reported in pristine tubes and ropes.
Testing for Error Correction in Panel Data

This paper proposes new error correction‐based cointegration tests for panel data. The limiting distributions of the tests are derived and critical values provided. Our simulation results suggest that the tests have good small‐sample properties with small size distortions and high power relative to other popular residual‐based panel cointegration tests. In our empirical application, we present evidence suggesting that international healthcare expenditures and GDP are cointegrated once the possibility of an invalid common factor restriction has been accounted for.
Autonomy Support From Family and Friends and Weight Loss in College Women

This study examined the effect of autonomy support and autonomous self-regulation on self-reported weight loss. Participants reported significantly greater weight loss when they perceived their family and friends as autonomy supportive of their weight loss efforts. Autonomy support from family and friends was also shown to moderate the effects of an experimental intervention that was delivered in an autonomy-supportive or controlling manner. Furthermore, autonomy support was significantly related to autonomous self-regulation, but its effects on weight loss held true even after controlling for self-regulation, suggesting an independent role of autonomy support from important others. Finally, the effects of autonomy support were distinguished from more directive support from significant others, which did not show similar effects. These findings point to the potential usefulness of developing intervention strategies focused on facilitating the autonomy-supportive behavior of significant others.
Radiation From an Encapsulated Hertz Dipole Implanted in a Human Torso Model

Radiation from an encapsulated Hertz dipole, eccentrically implanted in a layered spherical body, is determined by use of the dyadic Green's function (dGf) theory. The body, a model of the human torso, comprises skin and fat layers around a homogeneous tissue core. The capsule is a spherical cavity bounded by an insulating layer. The dGf of this radiation problem involves two reference points, the center of the body and the center of the capsule. The analysis results in a concise formulation of the dGf and of the main radiation quantities. Numerical results are shown for the radiated power, efficiency, and directive gain of the Hertz dipole versus the capsule displacement from the center of the body. Specific absorption rate (SAR) maps are drawn on two cross sections of the body in search of the entire distribution of SAR and the location of peak SAR.