Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An intensive anatomy by whole‐body dissection elective: A longitudinal study

Whole body dissection, once a long‐held method of learning and teaching in anatomy medical education, has largely been replaced by cost and time‐reduced methods of teaching. This paper reports on a longitudinal study of student knowledge acquisition and retention, following six annual intensive eight‐week elective anatomy by whole body dissection (AWBD) courses implemented between 2010 and 2015, utilizing a modified team‐based learning (TBL) pedagogy. A total of 160 students completed the intensive full‐time courses. During each course, students, in groups of five or six, completed the dissection of a whole cadaver. Students were assessed by a standardized practical test involving the accurate identification of 20 different tagged anatomical structures. All students (n = 160) completed pre‐course and end‐course individual assessments. Seventy students were assessed again 1 month after the course ended. A further 71 students were assessed 7 months later. A marked increase in topographical relational anatomical knowledge was demonstrated. The median pre‐course score was 9/20 (interquartile range 5). The median end‐course score was 19/20 (IQR 2), a statistically significant increase (p < 0.001). The assessments for the 70 students reassessed 1 month after the course ended showed no significant statistical change. The assessments for the further 71 students assessed 7 months later also showed no significant statistical change. The results of this study demonstrate that AWBD, provides significant acquisition and maintenance of three‐dimensional regional relational anatomical knowledge. As an elective, AWBD has a place in the medical curricula, particularly for students interested in a surgical or procedural based specialty career.
Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) improves the accuracy of individualized prediction in MS

Background: The MSBase prediction model of treatment response leverages multiple demographic and clinical characteristics to estimate hazards of relapses, confirmed disability accumulation (CDA), and confirmed disability improvement (CDI). The model did not include Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS), a disease duration-adjusted ranked score of disability. Objective: To incorporate MSSS into the MSBase prediction model and compare model accuracy with and without MSSS. Methods: The associations between MSSS and relapse, CDA, and CDI were evaluated with marginal proportional hazards models adjusted for three principal components representative of patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics. The model fit with and without MSSS was assessed with penalized r2 and Harrell C. Results: A total of 5866 MS patients were started on disease-modifying therapy during prospective follow-up (age 38.4 ± 10.6 years; 72% female; disease duration 8.5 ± 7.7 years). Including MSSS into the model improved the accuracy of individual prediction of relapses by 31%, of CDA by 23%, and of CDI by 24% (Harrell C) and increased the amount of variance explained for relapses by 49%, for CDI by 11%, and for CDA by 10% as compared with the original model. Conclusion: Addition of a single, readily available metric, MSSS, to the comprehensive MSBase prediction model considerably improved the individual accuracy of prognostics in MS.
Effect of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular events in overweight or obese adults without diabetes: A meta‐analysis of placebo‐controlled randomized trials

Our aim was to study the effect of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RA) on the risk of any cardiovascular event in adults with overweight or obesity and without diabetes. We conducted a random‐effects meta‐analysis of placebo‐controlled randomized controlled trials. Nine trials were eligible and, in total, 11 430 patients were included, of which 7702 (67%) were submitted to treatment with GLP‐1 RA. During follow‐up, 673 participants receiving GLP‐1 RA treatment (8.7%) and 416 participants receiving placebo (11.2%) had a cardiovascular event. Treatment with GLP‐1 RA versus placebo resulted in a reduction in the risk of any cardiovascular event (RR = 0.81, CI 0.70‐0.92; p = .001). In overweight or obese adults without diabetes, treatment with GLP‐1 RA reduced the risk of cardiovascular events. Our findings support the use of GLP‐1 RA for reducing the cardiovascular risk of these patients.
The importance of considering regulatory domains in genome-wide analyses – the nearest gene is often wrong!

ABSTRACT The expression of a large number of genes is regulated by regulatory elements that are located far away from their promoters. Identifying which gene is the target of a specific regulatory element or is affected by a non-coding mutation is often accomplished by assigning these regions to the nearest gene in the genome. However, this heuristic ignores key features of genome organisation and gene regulation; in that the genome is partitioned into regulatory domains, which at some loci directly coincide with the span of topologically associated domains (TADs), and that genes are regulated by enhancers located throughout these regions, even across intervening genes. In this review, we examine the results from genome-wide studies using chromosome conformation capture technologies and from those dissecting individual gene regulatory domains, to highlight that the phenomenon of enhancer skipping is pervasive and affects multiple types of genes. We discuss how simply assigning a genomic region of interest to its nearest gene is problematic and often leads to incorrect predictions and highlight that where possible information on both the conservation and topological organisation of the genome should be used to generate better hypotheses. The article has an associated Future Leader to Watch interview.
Anti-Theft Motorcycle Alarm System Using GSM and GPS

This study is related to motorcycle anti-theft system which is a system that can increase awareness of the users on their vehicle. The system can prevent the motorcycle from being stolen easily by making a call to the owner’s cell phone through the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). Existing alarm system in the market slowly shows its disadvantage. This is when the thief tried to steal a motorcycle, the system will produce a loud sound. People at the surrounding tend to ignore the noise and assume nothing is happening to the motorcycle. So, this project is conducted to improve the existing alarm system. Several types of sensors that suitable to use in the proposed system have been installed which are shock and vibration sensor, tilt sensor and ultrasonic sensor. These sensors will be placed in hidden places in the motorcycle to avoid the thieves from noticing it. So, when a thief tries to steal the motorcycle, the alarm system will be activated and GSM will make a call to the motorcycle owner. Another helpful device has been used in this system which is Global Positioning System (GPS) shield. This device will read the location of the motorcycle accurately and send it through GSM when the owner makes a request to the system.
Robust trocar identification and its application in robotic minimally invasive surgery

In minimally invasive surgery (MIS), instruments pass through trocars which are installed through the incision points. This forms a fulcrum effect and imposes significant constraint. For robotic manipulative operations, the real‐time trocar information is a prerequisite. Systems acquire this knowledge either with a prior registration procedure or through coordinated control of their joints.
The relationship between burnout and empathy in physiotherapists: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background There have been few studies carried out into empathy in physiotherapists. Burnout can debilitate the quality of care and the efficacy of treatment as the empathetic capacity of the professional diminishes. Objective The objective of the study was to examine the association between the construct burnout, empathy and sociodemographic aspects in Spanish physiotherapists. Methods A cross-sectional electronic survey including the Maslach Burnout Inventory (for burnout assessment), the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (for empathy assessment) and sociodemographic data was answered by 461 Spanish physical therapists. A descriptive, bivariate and lineal regression analysis was performed. Results There was an association between burnout and empathy. Specifically, higher levels of burnout are associated with lower levels of empathy, whilst years of work experience is associated with lower levels of burnout. Conclusions The results of this study contribute to a greater understanding of the relationship between the level of burnout and the dimensions of empathy in physiotherapists. The influence of burnout, which causes difficulties in the mobilization of the professional towards the establishment of a quality therapeutic relationship, is highlighted. KEY MESSAGES Emotional exhaustion is associated to greater personal discomfort and less empathy. The depersonalization is associated to personal discomfort and less empathy. Depersonalization is negatively associated to the lack of perspective.
High‐Throughput, Living Single‐Cell, Multiple Secreted Biomarker Profiling Using Microfluidic Chip and Machine Learning for Tumor Cell Classification

Secreted proteins provide abundant functional information on living cells and can be used as important tumor diagnostic markers, of which profiling at the single‐cell level is helpful for accurate tumor cell classification. Currently, achieving living single‐cell multi‐index, high‐sensitivity, and quantitative secretion biomarker profiling remains a great challenge. Here, a high‐throughput living single‐cell multi‐index secreted biomarker profiling platform is proposed, combined with machine learning, to achieve accurate tumor cell classification. A single‐cell culture microfluidic chip with self‐assembled graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) enables high‐activity single‐cell culture, ensuring normal secretion of biomarkers and high‐throughput single‐cell separation, providing sufficient statistical data for machine learning. At the same time, the antibody barcode chip with self‐assembled GOQDs performs multi‐index, highly sensitive, and quantitative detection of secreted biomarkers, in which each cell culture chamber covers a whole barcode array. Importantly, by combining the K‐means strategy with machine learning, thousands of single tumor cell secretion data are analyzed, enabling tumor cell classification with a recognition accuracy of 95.0%. In addition, further profiling of the grouping results reveals the unique secretion characteristics of subgroups. This work provides an intelligent platform for high‐throughput living single‐cell multiple secretion biomarker profiling, which has broad implications for cancer investigation and biomedical research.
Involvement of Parkin‐mediated mitophagy in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease‐related sarcopenia

Sarcopenia is characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength and is associated with poor prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure, a major cause for COPD, induces mitochondrial damage, which has been implicated in sarcopenia pathogenesis. The current study sought to examine the involvement of insufficient Parkin‐mediated mitophagy, a mitochondrion‐selective autophagy, in the mechanisms by which dysfunctional mitochondria accumulate with excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the development of COPD‐related sarcopenia.
Survival motor neuron protein deficiency alters microglia reactivity

Survival motor neuron (SMN) protein deficiency results in loss of alpha motor neurons and subsequent muscle atrophy in patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Reactive microglia have been reported in SMA mice and depleting microglia rescues the number of proprioceptive synapses, suggesting a role in SMA pathology. Here, we explore the contribution of lymphocytes on microglia reactivity in SMA mice and investigate how SMN deficiency alters the reactive profile of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived microglia. We show that microglia adopt a reactive morphology in spinal cords of SMA mice. Ablating lymphocytes did not alter the reactive morphology of SMA microglia and did not improve the survival or motor function of SMA mice, indicating limited impact of peripheral immune cells on the SMA phenotype. We found iPSC‐derived SMA microglia adopted an amoeboid morphology and displayed a reactive transcriptome profile, increased cell migration, and enhanced phagocytic activity. Importantly, cell morphology and electrophysiological properties of motor neurons were altered when they were incubated with conditioned media from SMA microglia. Together, these data reveal that SMN‐deficient microglia adopt a reactive profile and exhibit an exaggerated inflammatory response with potential impact on SMA neuropathology.
Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor suppresses parathyroid hormone‐related protein expression in tumours and ameliorates cancer‐associated cachexia

Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) leads to lung cancer progression and poor prognosis while involuntary weight loss remains a major problem. Tumour‐derived parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) emerged as a potential mediator of cachexia. Here, we investigated the modulatory role of EGFR signalling in PTHrP (encoded by Pthlh) gene expression and the impact of this relationship on cancer cachexia.
Integrating vocational rehabilitation and mental healthcare to improve the return-to-work process for people on sick leave with stress-related disorders: results from a randomized trial

Objective Stress-related disorders are common, associated with substantial individual suffering, and place a large economic burden on society. While treatment appears to be able to reduce symptoms, evidence of interventions to improve vocational outcomes is flimsy. Lack of integration of vocational rehabilitation and healthcare services has been suspected to be a major potential barrier in return-to-work (RTW) processes; therefore, we aimed to test the effectiveness of such integration. Methods We randomized participants who were on sick leave for ≥ 4 weeks with a stress-related disorder. They were allocated to (i) service as usual (SAU), (ii) improved mental healthcare (MHC), or (iii) integrated interventions (INT). The primary outcome was RTW rates measured at 12 months. Secondary outcome were RTW rates measured at 6 months, proportion in work at 12 months, and levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and functioning at 6 months. Results We included 666 participants. On the primary outcome and almost all other vocational outcomes, SAU was superior to both INT and MHC. MHC and INT did not differ on any vocational outcome. On several symptom scales, MHC showed lower values than SAU, whilst INT did not differ from the two other groups. Conclusion Both the INT and the MHC intervention lowered RTW rates compared with SAU, and thereby yielded a worse outcome. However, the MHC group showed a tendency towards having lower symptom levels compared with those in the SAU group; accordingly, the SAU group is not unequivocally superior. MHC and INT showed no general differences.
Development of Antifungal Peptides against Cryptococcus neoformans; Leveraging Knowledge about the cdc50Δ Mutant Susceptibility for Lead Compound Development

The authors have developed a lead compound peptide antifungal drug targeting a protein from the organism Cryptococcus neoformans. Binding of the drug to the target fungal protein causes charged lipid molecules to be retained on the surface. ABSTRACT Cryptococcus neoformans is a major fungal pathogen that often causes life-threatening meningitis in immunocompromised populations. This yeast pathogen is highly resistant to the echinocandin drug caspofungin. Previous studies showed that Cryptococcus lipid translocase (flippase) is required for the caspofungin resistance of that fungus. Mutants with a deleted subunit of lipid flippase, Cdc50, showed increased sensitivity to caspofungin. Here we designed an antifungal peptide targeting the P4-ATPase function. We synthesized stable peptides based on the Cdc50 loop region to identify peptides that can sensitize caspofungin by blocking flippase function and found that myristylated peptides based on the “AS15 sequence” was effective at high concentrations. A modified peptide, “AW9-Ma” showed a MIC of 64 μg/mL against H99 wild type and a fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index value of 0.5 when used in combination with caspofungin. Most notably, in the presence of the AW9-Ma peptide, C. neoformans wild type was highly sensitive to caspofungin with a MIC of 4 μg/mL, the same as the cdc50Δ mutant. Further assays with flow cytometry showed inhibition of the lipid flippase enzyme activity and significant accumulation of phosphatidylserine on the cell membrane surface. Using a fluorescently labeled peptide, we confirmed that the peptide co-localized with mCherry-tagged P4-ATPase protein Apt1 in C. neoformans. Structure-activity relationship studies of the AW9 sequence showed that two lysine residues on the peptide are likely responsible for the interaction with the P4-ATPase, hence critical for its antifungal activity. IMPORTANCE The authors have developed a lead compound peptide antifungal drug targeting a protein from the organism Cryptococcus neoformans. Binding of the drug to the target fungal protein causes charged lipid molecules to be retained on the surface. This peptide works in synergy with the existing antifungal drug caspofungin. Echinocandin drugs like caspofungin are one of the few classes of existing antifungals. Due to the high concentrations needed, caspofungin is rarely used to treat C. neoformans infections. The authors believe that their new compound provides a way to lower the concentration of caspofungin needed to treat such infections, thus opening the possibility for greater utility of these antifungal.
Features, modulation and analysis of glycosylation patterns of therapeutic recombinant immunoglobulin A

ABSTRACT Increasing the production of recombinant antibodies while ensuring high and stable protein quality remains a challenge in mammalian cell culture. This review is devoted to advances in the field of obtaining stable and optimal glycosylation of therapeutic antibodies based on IgA, as well as the subsequent issues of glycosylation control of glycoproteins during their production. Current studies also demonstrate a general need for a more fundamental understanding of the use of CHO cell-based producer cell lines, through which the glycoprofile of therapeutic IgA antibodies is produced and the dependence of glycosylation on culture conditions could be controlled. Optimization of glycosylation improves the therapeutic efficacy and can expand the possibilities for the creation of highly effective glycoprotein therapeutic drugs. Current status and trends in glycan analysis of therapeutic IgA, dominantly based on mass spectrometry and lectin microarrays are herein summarised as well.
Anatomical classification and clinical application of thoracic paraspinal blocks

Various techniques for regional anesthesia and analgesia of the thorax are currently being used in clinical practice. A recent international consensus has anatomically classified paraspinal blocks in the thoracic spinal region into the following four types: paravertebral, retrolaminar, erector spinae plane, and intertransverse process blocks. These blocks have different anatomical targets; thus, the spreading patterns of the injectates differ and can consequently exhibit different neural blockade characteristics. The paravertebral block directly targets the paravertebral space just outside the neuraxial region and has an analgesic efficacy comparable to that of the epidural block; however, there are multiple potential risks associated with this technique. Retrolaminar and erector spinae plane blocks target the erector spinae plane on the vertebral lamina and transverse process, respectively. In anatomical studies, these two blocks showed different injectate spreading patterns to the back muscles and the fascial plane. In cadaveric studies, paravertebral spread was identified, but variable. However, numerous clinical reports have shown paravertebral spread with erector spinae plane blocks. Both techniques have been found to reduce postoperative pain compared to controls; however, the results have been more inconsistent than with the paravertebral block. Finally, the intertransverse process block targets the tissue complex posterior to the superior costotransverse ligament. Anatomical studies have revealed that this block has pathways that are more direct and closer to the paravertebral space than the retrolaminar and erector spinae plane blocks. Cadaveric evaluations have consistently shown promising results; however, further clinical studies using this technique are needed to confirm these anatomical findings.
Measuring the Slip Resistance of Winter Footwear

Slip and fall accidents represent an enormous burden in terms of human suffering and economic costs. In winter conditions, outdoor falls increase as cold temperatures and precipitation create hazardous conditions underfoot. An effective method of reducing falls is the use of slip resistant footwear. However, the optimization of this footwear is hindered by the fact that slip resistance is not easily measured and the validity of existing measurement devices is questionable. The series of four studies presented here show the progression of work utilizing human-centred approaches to evaluating the performance of winter footwear on real winter surfaces and have led to the development of a new test method. To start, traditional measures of slip severity were used to evaluate the effectiveness of winter boots and cleated footwear devices while subjects walked in common winter conditions. Walking trials on level and uneven icy surfaces showed that while cleated footwear did reduce slip frequency, they did not prevent dangerous slips from occurring. Further testing showed that the current standard test conditions and parameters used for determining footwear slip resistance do not adequately simulate gait in winter conditions. As a result, a new usercentred protocol was developed for testing footwear. Subjects were asked to stand and walk