Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A star formation study of the ATLAS 3D early-type galaxies with the AKARI all-sky survey

Context. The star formation properties of early-type galaxies (ETGs) are currently the subject of considerable interest, particularly whether they differ from the star formation properties of gas-rich spirals. Aims. We perform a systematic study of star formation in a large sample of local ETGs with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and dust emission, focusing on the star formation rates (SFRs) and star formation efficiencies (SFEs) of the galaxies. Methods. Our sample is composed of the 260 ETGs from the ATLAS 3D survey, from which we used the cold gas measurements (H i and CO). We estimated the SFRs from stellar, PAH, and dust fits to spectral energy distributions created from new AKARI measurements and with literature data from WISE and 2MASS. Results. The mid-infrared luminosities of non-CO-detected galaxies are well correlated with their stellar luminosities, showing that they trace (circum)stellar dust emission. CO-detected galaxies show an excess above these correlations, uncorrelated with their stellar luminosities, indicating that they likely contain PAHs and dust of interstellar origin. PAH and dust luminosities of CO-detected galaxies show tight correlations with their molecular gas masses; the derived current SFRs are typically 0.01–1 M ⊙ yr -1 . These SFRs systematically decrease with stellar age at fixed stellar mass, while they correlate nearly linearly with stellar mass at fixed age. The majority of local ETGs follow the same star formation law as local star-forming galaxies and their current SFEs do not depend on either stellar mass or age. Conclusions. Our results clearly indicate that molecular gas is fueling current star formation in local ETGs, which appear to acquire this gas via mechanisms regulated primarily by stellar mass. The current SFEs of local ETGs are similar to those of local star-forming galaxies, indicating that their low SFRs are likely due to smaller cold gas fractions rather than a suppression of star formation.
Price and Quality Changes in Outsiders of Regional Trade Agreements

Countries excluded from a regional trade agreement face disadvantages in tariffs when exporting to member countries. In this context, previous studies found that such excluded countries, i.e., outsiders, lower their export prices. In contrast, this study aims to examine not only prices but also the quality of outsiders' exports. Specifically, we first estimate the quality of products exported from each country to Thailand under certain tariff schemes. In addition to our estimates on cross-price elasticity, we use this measure to compute the potential magnitude of trade diversion for outsiders. Then, we investigate the relationship between this trade diversion and changes in the quality of exports from outsiders. Consequently, we found that only outsiders exporting higher quality products exhibited a greater improvement in quality to decrease the negative effect of tariff disadvantages.
Statistische analyse naar de invloed van het tijdstip van neerslagpieken op inboedel- en opstalschade

In deze studie is gekeken naar de invloed van het tijdstip van neerslagpieken op inboedel- en opstalclaims. Deze invloed zou verklaard kunnen worden door de variaties in neerslag over de dag, maar ook de mogelijkheid van mensen om schadebeperkende maatregelen te treffen. Als mensen slapen of niet thuis zijn kan het zijn dat er vaker of meer schade optreed. Hiertoe zijn neerslaggegevens van 26 KNMI-weerstations over een periode van 1992 tot 2010 bekeken, waaruit onafhankelijke buien zijn ge¨extraheerd. Per bui is het uurvak waarin de hoogste intensiteit werd waargenomen aangemerkt als het referentietijdstip van de bui, met een bijbehorende datum en locatie van het weerstation. Per referentietijdstip zijn de verzekeringsgegevens, binnen een straal van 10 km rond het weerstation en van de desbetreffende datum, samengevoegd voor verdere analyse. De gebruikte verzekeringsgegevens zijn het relatieve aantal claims (aantal claims / aantal polissen), gemiddelde claimhoogte (totale claimhoogte / aantal claims) en relatieve claimhoogte (totale claimhoogte / aantal polissen). Uit de analyse van de neerslaggegevens blijkt dat in de zomer ’s ochtends minder neerslagpieken voorkomen. Uurvak 8 (07:00-08:00 UT) bevat met 21% minder dan het daggemiddelde het minste aantal pieken. Deze pieken hebben ook een lagere intensiteit, tijdens uurvak 9 is de gemiddelde intensiteit 16% lager dan het daggemiddelde. In de namiddag komen vaker neerslagpieken voor en deze hebben ook een hogere intensiteit dan het daggemiddelde, respectievelijk 30% en 20%. Voor de winterperiode is ook gevonden dat het aantal pieken ’s ochtends lager (10%, uurvak 9) is en in de namiddag hoger (25%, uurvak 18), maar de intensiteit van deze pieken wijken niet significant af van het gemiddelde. Uit de analyse van de verzekeringsgegevens komt naar voren dat tijdens de zomerperiode het aantal inboedel- en opstalclaims, behorende bij neerslagpieken in de ochtend, lager uitvalt dan het daggemiddelde. Het relatieve aantal inboedelclaims is 38% lager tijdens uurvak 8, voor opstalclaims is dit 33% tijdens uurvak 10. Voor de relatieve claimhoogte is dit respectievelijk 52% tijdens uurvak 7 en 40% tijdens uurvak 8. Dit lag in lijn der verwachting aangezien het gemiddeld gezien minder hard regent in deze periode. Hoewel het in de namiddag gemiddeld harder regent, is dit niet terug te zien in een verhoging in het aantal claims. Voor de winterperiode zijn deze afwijkingen niet gevonden. Voor zowel de zomer- als winterperiode is geen variatie in de tijd gevonden voor de gemiddelde claimhoogte. Op basis van deze studie is niet te zeggen of de mogelijkheid tot het nemen van maatregelen bijdraagd aan het verband, of dat dit alleen op neerslagvariaties berust. Door middel van een andere aanpak in het indentificeren van buien, een betere ruimtelijke resolutie van neerslag, en nauwkeurigere verzekeringsgegevens zou dit in een vervolgonderzoek verder onderzocht kunnen worden.
(K,Na)NbO 3 -based Lead-free Piezoelectric Materials: An Encounter with Scanning Probe Microscopy

Environment-friendly (K,Na)NbO3-based (KNN) lead-free piezoelectric materials have been studied extensively in the past decade. Significant progress has been made in this field, manifesting competitive piezoelectric performance with that of leadbased, for specific application scenarios. Further understanding of the relationship between high piezoelectricity and microstructure or more precisely, ferroelectric domain structure, domain wall pinning effect, domain wall conduction and local polarization switching underpins the continuous advancement of piezoelectric properties, with the help of piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). In this review, we will present the fundamentals of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and its cardinal derivative in piezoelectric and ferroelectric world, PFM. Some representative operational modes and a variety of recent applications in KNN-based piezoelectric materials are presented. We expect that PFM and its combination with some newly developed technology will continue to provide great insight into piezoelectric materials and structures, and will play a valuable role in promoting the performance to a new level.
Thirlwall's Law and Krugman's 45-degree Rule: Mathematically Identical, Mutually Exclusive

Thirlwall's Law and the 45-degree rule, originally formulated by Krugman, are radically different interpretations of the same statistical regularity. This statistical regularity is that a country's long-run growth rate will approximate to the ratio of that country's export growth to its import elasticity of demand. Thirlwall's Law falls under a Post-Keynesian framework which is primarily a demand-side model. The 45-degree rule relies on a supply-side interpretation, a result of its neoclassical origins. This thesis seeks to answer two questions. The first is, are the members of the Post-Keynesian and neoclassical communities working on each of these theories aware of the work being done by the other community? The second is if they are aware of each other, why have they not collaborated on research given that their interpretations are derived from exactly the same mathematical models? An Honors Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the University Honors Program Degree Requirements at Portland State University Advisor (1): Rossitza Wooster Advisor (2): Lawrence Wheeler Date: 5/20/2010
Quaternary sector and economic development in Japan: A causal analysis

There is no study on the linkage between the quaternary sector and economic development. The present study contributes to the existing literature by analysing the patterns of development of quaternary sector and its implication to the economic development and growth in Japan over the periods 1970-2008. The study uses disaggregated data from Japanese Industrial Productivity database, and multivariate VAR method for the empirical analysis. The findings show a significant role of quaternary activities in the development of Japan economy. The evolution of development of quaternary sector is mainly due to the development of activities of security and care. Also there is bidirectional causality between the quaternary sector and the economic development in Japan. Quaternary sector is very crucial for the economic development and growth. Hence, the practicable measures should be taken to accelerate the development of quaternary sector.
Analysis of the Antioxidant Activity in Human Milk, day vs. night

Human milk has many advantages for the development of the breast-fed baby, among vitamins A, C and E, which are essential as an antioxidant defense. In newborn infants, oxidative stress is important due to the immaturity of the antioxidant defense mechanisms and the digestive system. It is well known that the components of breast milk are not constant throughout the 24 hour period. This variation can depend on the mother's diet during this period. The aim of the study was to analyze the antioxidant capacity of the human milk throughout the 24 hour period, and to study the antioxidant changes between day and night period. The levels of Trolox Equivalent were statistically significant (P<0,01), in the milk samples collected at 18:00h and 21:00h compared to the samples collected at 24:00h. We observed an increase in the antioxidant capacity in the samples of the night period compared to the samples of the diurnal period, probably as consequence of the immunological activity of the mother and the amount of vitamins and proteins in the mothers' diet during the day.
Tax awareness and reform of the welfare state: Hungarian survey results

This paper reports the results of a survey on the tax awareness of the Hungarian population. Knowledge of tax types and levels is investigated, followed by questions on preferences for state expenditures. The design of the survey is aimed at a contingent evaluation of public sector involvement in health, pensions and higher education. The results show that fiscal illusions have their roots in poor knowledge of the tax cost of public expenditures. When people are provided with additional information on these factors, preferences for state involvement seem to diminish. Possible reform scenarios can be modelled with alternative formulations of institutional arrangements. Respondents tend to have most support for mixed strategies, while 'pure state' and 'pure market' solutions receive the lowest levels of support. However, since the outcome of any public sector reforms depends heavily on evaluation of the current regimes, an extensive part of the paper is devoted to the investigation of the 'status quo effect'. The paper, though descriptive in general, provides normative evaluations and suggestions for further reforms. Copyright The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 1998.
Zymomonas mobilis IMMOBILIZED ON LOOFA SPONGE AND SUGARCANE BAGASSE FOR LEVAN AND ETHANOL PRODUCTION USING REPEATED BATCH FERMENTATION

Two experiments were carried out using loofa sponge and sugarcane bagasse as immobilization support. First a 2(5-2) design of experiments was realized with the following independent variables: sucrose concentration; pH; incubation time and agitation. Based on the best results observed in this experiment, the capacity for reuse of the supports in subsequent fermentations was evaluated for 12 recycle days. Loofa sponge support was the best immobilization support and in the 2(5-2) experiment, it showed 2.58 g.L-1 of immobilized cells and 19.13 g.L-1 of exopolysaccharide levan. Sugarcane bagasse showed the highest ethanol production (103.82 g.L-1). In the immobilization support recycling experiment, sugarcane bagasse was the most promising support since it showed cell viability up to the last fermentation cycle, confirmed by scanning electronic microscopy, also showing the largest values for immobilized biomass (3.23 g.L-1), levan (32.13 g.L-1), ethanol (148.18 g.L-1) and sucrose consumption (92.64%).
Effect of different vegetable oils on growth and fatty acid profile of rohu (Labeo rohita, Hamilton); evaluation of a return fish oil diet to restore human cardio-protective fatty acids

Two experiments in the sequential order were conducted to determine the effects of different dietary lipid sources on the growth and fatty acid composition of rohu (Labeo rohita) and to examine the viability of a return fish oil finisher diet in restoring the human cardio-protective fatty acid profile. In the first experiment, fish were fed either with coconut oil (Dl), olive oil (D2), sunflower oil (D3), linseed oil (D4) and fish oil (D5) as the main lipid source in the isonitrogenous diet for 90 days. No significant differences in growth were observed. Among the experimental diets moisture content of fish varied significantly (p<0.05) between the groups. Dietary lipid sources had a profound influence on the fatty acid profile of the muscle and liver as tissue fatty acid profile reflected the dietary fatty acid composition. Increased amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were observed in tissue of fish fed D4 and arachidonic acid was observed in the tissue of fish fed D3. We have also detected the metabolites of n-3 and n-6 pathway in D4 and D3 groups respectively, which prompted us to conclude that rohu, can desaturate and elongate C 18 essential fatty acids to C 20 and C 22 HUFA. A second feeding trial was conducted using the animals from the five different treatment groups for the duration of 30 days with fish oil rich diet (D5). Feeding with fish-oil rich washout diet resulted in the near equalization of all the other treatment groups tissue fatty acid profiles to that of fish oil (D5) fed group. These results indicate that a finishing fish oil diet can be effectively used to restore the human cardioprotective fatty acid profile in rohu fed with vegetable oils as lipid source.
A Study About the Evaluation Model of Growth for Internet SME

With the rapid development of Internet technology, Internet companies increase rapidly in all areas of the society, and have become a major economic way and also a new economic growth point in the modern era. This heralds the coming of network economy era. It is essential for both managers and investors to evaluate the growth of a listed company. Therefore, academics in China have been giving a lot of attentionon to the study about the growth of those Internet enterprises. First, on the basis of enterprise growth theory and entropy theory, this paper aims to recognize the factors which influence the development of small and medium-sized Internet enterprises by analyzing questionnaires. Then, the concept of entropy is proposed based on the entropy theory. Moreover, this paper determines the index weight of the growth entropy system and models the growth entropy model for the Internet SME (small medium enterprise) mathematically. This research provides a new method for growth analysis and also has a far-reaching significance for the development of the Internet SME.
The impact of institutions quality on foreign direct investment : recent evidence from Asian countries

In this paper we study the effect of quality of institutions in the OECD and Asian host countries on outward foreign direct investment (FDI) stocks of source OECD countries using International Country Risk Guide governance indicators, for the period 1991 to 2001. We find that better institutions in the host countries have an overall positive and significant effect on source countries outward FDI stocks. The strength and impartiality of the legal system, popular observance of law, strength and quality of bureaucracy and government stability in host countries’ have direct effect on source countries outward FDI stocks. Interestingly, trade changes sign and losses significance in two stage least squares regressions compared to theoretical expectation. Furthermore skill proxied by labour abundance in source countries relative to host countries appears to be insignificant in determining source countries’ outward FDI stock.
Using crowdsourcing tools for implementing open strategy: A case study in education

Following critiques on the conventional methods of strategic planning, and the stream of research on the effect of more participation on the success of strategy process, the new concept of open strategy has been introduced to the literature. Based on the notion of open innovation, this new concept covers two principles of inclusiveness and transparency. The current study introduces an in-progress case study of using the crowdsourcing model to implement the open strategy concept in an Australian university. We use the principles of Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) for open strategic planning by using the crowdsourcing model and evaluate the method by comparing the quality of resultant plan in delivering its objective. This study explains our approach and a conceptual design for the proposed method as well as our plan for conducting future phases of the research. The introduced process can be used in similar practices of open strategic planning.
FROM BASIC TO CRITICAL AND CREATIVE THINKING: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY BASED ON BLOGS

Nowadays, when we refer to the Web and its importance in the teaching and learning process, we no longer think of read-only contents, but in the supporting infrastructure which allows to create and share contents and a space for collaboration and discussion, ideas associated to the concept Web.2. 0. The blog, as a means to deploy the concept ‘on-line interaction’ is, according to Granieri, “the most accessible and natural tool for sharing and publishing: in addition to text, images movies and also sound will be increasingly disseminated, because of increasing speed of data transmission" (p. 31) [1]. It is therefore natural that the use of the blog is more and more frequent as a resource, pedagogical strategy or in other capacities at all levels of teaching [2]. In this paper, an exploratory study is presented based on some blogs, focusing on: the methodology for collection of text and multimedia materials; treatment and analysis of data with the NVivo software; findings and further evolution perspectives. The conclusions to derive are: a) the users’ spontaneous interventions show characteristics of basic thinking; b) evidence of critical thinking can be found in two contexts: as reaction to a direct challenge, proposed as a comment by a visitor or as an answer to the tasks oriented to this type of thinking proposed by the moderator; c) creative thinking is rare and appears almost always as a reply to the moderator’s incentive or that of an attentive specialised user; d) the role of the blog moderator is paramount in the development of complex thinking in the context of blog on-line interaction.
Replacement and zig-zag products, Cayley graphs and Lamplighter random walk

‎We investigate two constructions‎ - ‎the replacement and the zig-zag‎ ‎product of graphs‎ - ‎describing several fascinating connections‎ ‎with Combinatorics‎, ‎via the notion of expander graph‎, ‎Group‎ ‎Theory‎, ‎via the notion of semidirect product and Cayley graph‎, ‎and‎ ‎with Markov chains‎, ‎via the Lamplighter random walk‎. ‎Many examples‎ ‎are provided‎.
Energy requirement for maintenance of grazing sheep measured by calorimetric techniques.

Merino wethers, initially 44.4 * 1.9 kg, were reduced in weight by approximately 0, 10 or 20 kg and held at these liveweights by grazing them at various stocking intensities on pastures of Phalcrris tuberosa and white clover (Trifolium repens). After nine months, their energy expenditures were estimated from respiratory gaseous exchanges, and from the rate of entry of carbon dioxide into the body pool of carbon dioxide.
GRAPHENE OXIDE-POLYETHYLENE OXIDE (PEO) FILM AS SATURABLE ABSORBER ON MODE- LOCKED ERBIUM DOPED FIBER LASER GENERATION

Mode-locked erbium doped fiber laser by using graphene oxide (GO) that obtained by oxidation and ultra-sonification process of natural graphite was reported. GO produced was dissolved in water and mixed with Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) to form film. When the fabricated GO-PEO film saturable was employed in the proposed EDFL configuration, the laser generates 1.25 ps pulses at a repetition rate of 21.8 MHz with pump input of 70 mW. The stable mode-locking operation was observed within pump input power of 70 mW until 175 mW. Soliton-like spectrum was achieved with prominent Kelly-sideband and centre wavelength of 1558.6 nm.
Magnified x-ray phase imaging using asymmetric Bragg reflection : Experiment and theory

X-ray imaging using asymmetric Bragg reflection in the hard x-ray regime opens the way to improve the spatial resolution limit below 1 {mu}m by magnifying the image before detection, simultaneously providing a strong phase contrast. A theoretical formalism of the imaging process is established. Based on this algorithm, numerical simulations are performed and demonstrate that both Fresnel propagation and Bragg diffraction contribute to contrast formation. The achievable resolution of this technique is investigated theoretically; the results obtained can be used to improve future experimental setups. Furthermore, the minimum detectable phase gradient is estimated, for comparison with other phase sensitive imaging techniques. Results from biological objects demonstrate that the technique is viable for imaging both in two and three dimensions. Refraction contrast images are extracted from experimental projection images by an algorithm similar to diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI), and used to achieve three-dimensional tomographic reconstruction.
Polymerization of a dual-cured cement through Empress 2 porcelain: LED curing light vs. halogen curing unit

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of light source, a LED unit and a halogen lamp (HL) on the effectiveness of Enforce dual-cured cement cured under a ceramic disc (IPS Empress 2). Three exposure times (60, 80, and 120 s) were also evaluated. Two experimental groups, in which the polymerization of the dual-cement was performed through a ceramic disc, and two control groups, in which the polymerization of the dual-cement was performed directly without the presence of a ceramic disc were subdivided into three subgroups (three different exposure times), with five samples in each: G1ALED 60 s; G1BLED 80 s; G1CLED 120 s; G2AHL 60 s; G2B HL 80 s; G2CHL 120 s; and control groups (photopolymerization without porcelain): G3ALED 60 s; G3BLED 80 s; G3CLED 120 s; G4AHL 60 s; G4BHL 80 s, and G4CHL 120 s. The Vickers hardness test was used. A four-way ANOVA and Tukey test (p ! 0.05) were performed. In top surfaces, all the samples cured by LED have hardness values comparable with the samples cured by halogen lamp. In bottom surfaces, there were significant differences between light sources and exposure times, where 60 s of exposure time with LED was statistically inferior to that of halogen groups. Nevertheless, LED at 120 s was statistically similar to halogen at both 60 s and 80 s. LED technology is thus a possible method for photo-curing through Empress 2 restorations, however, it is necessary to increase the exposure time for thick cement layers.