Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes following regenerative therapy of non-contained intrabony defects using a deproteinized bovine bone mineral combined with either enamel matrix derivative or collagen membrane.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to compare clinical outcomes in the treatment of deep non-contained intrabony defects (i.e., with ≥70% 1-wall component and a residual 2- to 3-wall component in the most apical part) using deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) combined with either enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD) or collagen membrane (CM). METHODS Forty patients with multiple intrabony defects were enrolled. Only one non-contained defect per patient with an intrabony depth ≥3 mm located in the interproximal area of single- and multirooted teeth was randomly assigned to the treatment with either EMD + DBBM (test: n = 20) or CM + DBBM (control: n = 20). At baseline and after 12 months, clinical parameters including probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. The primary outcome variable was the change in CAL between baseline and 12 months. RESULTS At baseline, the intrabony component of the defects amounted to 6.1 ± 1.9 mm for EMD + DBBM and 6.0 ± 1.9 mm for CM + DBBM sites (P = 0.81). The mean CAL gain at sites treated with EMD + DBBM was not statistically significantly different (P = 0.82) compared with CM + DBBM (3.8 ± 1.5 versus 3.7 ± 1.2 mm). No statistically significant difference (P = 0.62) was observed comparing the frequency of CAL gain ≥4 mm between EMD + DBBM (60%) and CM + DBBM (50%) or comparing the frequency of residual PD ≥6 mm between EMD + DBBM (5%) and CM + DBBM (15%) (P = 0.21). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the present study, regenerative therapy using either EMD + DBBM or CM + DBBM yielded comparable clinical outcomes in deep non-contained intrabony defects after 12 months.
Assessing the Bug-Prediction with Re-Usability Based Package Organization for Object Oriented Software Systems

Packages are re-usable components for faster and effective software maintenance. To promote the re-use in object-oriented systems and maintenance tasks easier, packages should be organized to depict compact design. Therefore, understanding and assessing package organization is primordial for maintenance tasks like Re-usability and Changeability. We believe that additional investigations of prevalent basic design principles such as defined by R.C. Martin are required to explore different aspects of package organization. In this study, we propose package-organization framework based on reachable components that measures re-usability index. Package re-usability index measures common effect of change taking place over dependent elements of a package in an object-oriented design paradigm. A detailed quality assessment on different versions of open source software systems is presented which evaluates capability of the proposed package re-usability index and other traditional package-level metrics to predict fault-proneness in software. The experimental study shows that proposed index captures different aspects of package-design which can be practically integrated with best practices of software development. Furthermore, the results provide insights on organization of feasible software design to counter potential faults appearing due to complex package dependencies. key words: package reuse, software quality, fault-proneness prediction
0 10 60 96 v 1 6 J un 2 00 1 Statistical Mechanics of Complex Networks

Complex networks describe a wide range of systems in nature and society, much quoted examples including the cell, a network of chemicals linked by chemical reactions, or the Internet, a network of routers and computers connected by physical links. While traditionally these systems were modeled as random graphs, it is increasingly recognized that the topology and evolution of real networks is governed by robust organizing principles. Here we review the recent advances in the field of complex networks, focusing on the statistical mechanics of network topology and dynamics. After reviewing the empirical data that motivated the recent interest in networks, we discuss the main models and analytical tools, covering random graphs, small-world and scale-free networks, as well as the interplay between topology and the network’s robustness against failures and attacks.
PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF THE AUSTRALIAN FAIRY SHRIMP GENUS BRANCHINELLA BASED ON MITOCHONDRIAL DNA SEQUENCES

Abstract Phylogenetic reconstructions derived from analyses of DNA sequence variation in a segment of the mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (16S) gene revealed an extensive radiation of species within the genus Branchinella from Australia. Genetic differentiation was evident among all of the species analyzed, including two recently discovered species. There was limited agreement, however, concerning taxon affinities deduced from the 16S data and a previous morphological study. Members of the genus appear to have diversified rapidly, but analyses of other genes and broader taxon sampling are crucial to confirm this hypothesis. Disparities between levels of morphological and molecular change were noted between certain taxa. Whether the radiation of Australian Branchinella happened in situ or was the product of independent colonization events will require the analysis of branchinellids that occur outside Australia.
Detection-Decoding on BPMR Channels With Written-In Error Correction and ITI Mitigation

Written-in errors and inter-track interference (ITI) are recognized as key and unique performance-limiting factors in bit-patterned media recording (BPMR). Hence, in this paper, we consider data recovery on a BPMR channel model consisting of a write channel producing data-dependent written-in errors followed by a partial response read channel with the addition of ITI. The Davey-MacKay (DM) serial concatenated coding scheme is employed to handle the written-in errors while multi-track (MT) detection and 2D-equalization are used to mitigate the inter-symbol interference (ISI) and ITI. Three detection-inner-decoding schemes are proposed to work with an outer decoder to recover the data on the BPMR channel, namely the BCJR-binary-input-inner-decoder (BCJR-BIID) algorithm, the joint detection-inner-decoder (JDD) algorithm and the BCJR-soft-input-inner-decoder (BCJR-SIID) algorithm. Media configurations leading to areal densities of 2.64 Tb/in2 and 4 Tb/in2 with comparable ISI but significantly higher ITI in the latter case are considered. Computer simulations show that at low to moderate (resp., high) signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), BCJR-SIID (resp., BCJR-BIID) provides good performance-complexity trade-offs. It is also shown that increasing the areal density from 2.64 Tb/in2 to 4 Tb/in2 while the written-in error rates remain fixed, does not significantly affect error performance on the BPMR channel. Rather, it is the burst errors preceding and following an insertion or deletion that has a significant impact on performance.
Prevalence and secular changes in abdominal obesity in Canadian adolescents and adults, 1981 to 2007–2009

The purposes of this study were to: (i) provide contemporary estimates of the prevalence of abdominal obesity, as assessed by waist circumference (WC), in Canadian adolescents and adults; (ii) provide estimates of the prevalence of abdominal obesity within normal weight, overweight and obese body mass index categories and (iii) examine secular changes in abdominal obesity. Data were based on three national health surveys conducted in 1981, 1988 and 2007–2009. WC was measured at the mid‐point between the last rib and iliac crest in all three surveys. The prevalence of Canadians with abdominal obesity increased with age and was higher in females than in males. In 12‐ to 19‐year‐old adolescents, the estimated prevalence of abdominal obesity was 1.8% in 1981, 2.4% in 1988 and 12.8% in 2007–2009. The corresponding values for 20‐ to 69‐year‐old adults were 11.4%, 14.2% and 35.6%. Between 1981 and 2007–2009, mean WC values increased by 4.2 cm in adolescent males, 6.7 cm in adolescent females, 6.5 cm in men and 10.6 cm in women. Within the 2007–2009 survey, 2.6% of normal weight adults had abdominal obesity, 35.3% of overweight adults had abdominal obesity and 93.0% of obese adults had abdominal obesity.
Multiple mirror telescope as a phased array telescope.

By adjusting the optical path lengths of its individual beams, it is possible to make the multiple mirror telescope (MMT) into a phased array with a 6.86-m base line. A coherent phased focus can be achieved with tilted focal planes if the tilt angle is chosen so that the internal phase differences exactly compensate the external phase differences. This amounts to a slight change in configuration so that the beams are brought together at f/8.39 rather than the originally designed f/9. We summarize experiments which have used the MMT subapertures as a phased array and as a coherent phased telescope and present a simple analysis of the titled focal plane geometry for coherent observation. The phased operation of the MMT is important not only for obtaining high angular resolution but also for obtaining the higher detection sensitivity which results from the better discrimination against the sky emission background for IR diffraction-limited images. Full-aperture (six-beam) diffraction-limited results for the unresolved source Gama Orionis, the well-known close binary Capella, and the resolved red supergiant Betelgeuse (including a diffraction-limited differential speckle image of the latter) are presented as preliminary demonstration of the potential capabilities of this configuration.
A GiD-based implementation of a panel method for sailing yachts flow computation

This article describes the implementation of a panel method, developed by the Model Basin Research Group (CEHINAV) of the Naval Architecture Department (ETSIN) of the Technical University of Madrid (UPM). The code determines the flow around a vessel considering the lift in the numerical calculations, which is of special importance when the vessel has lifting wing sections as is the case of sailing yachts, where the lift and added resistance due to the keel and the rudder in the yacht behaviour is very important. The code is implemented as a problem-type of the commercial pre and post-processor GiD. The code presented here is itself a new module of the potential flow solver TDYNLIN. The present work is part of a long project, which is to create an easy to use, complete potential code for a wide range of boats (standard, multihull, transom-stern, shallow water), and has been done to validate one of its new options: lift calculations. Finally, experimental results from an America’s Cup boat series are used to analyze the accuracy of the results obtained with this panel method. Results are promising but much work has yet to be done.
Therapeutic studies and arterial stiffness in hypertension: recommendations of the European Society of Hypertension

Background Increased pulse pressure and arterial stiffness are identified as predictors of cardiovascular risk in older hypertensive populations, particularly that of myocardial infarction. Because increased pulse pressure involves an increase in systolic (SBP) and a decrease in diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and because the former promotes cardiac hypertrophy and the latter alters coronary perfusion, a drug regimen reducing pulse pressure and decreasing arterial stiffness might further reduce cardiovascular risk. Under conventional treatment, normalization of DBP (≤ 90 mmHg) is not consistently associated with normalization of SBP (≤ 140 mmHg). Therapeutic designs In individuals older than 50 years, the goal of antihypertensive treatment should be, not only to decrease mean blood pressure (to less than 100 mmHg), but also to decrease pulse pressure (to less than 50 mmHg). Using appropriate pharmacological tools, trials should test whether an active decrease in arterial stiffness might produce an attenuation of the age-related increase in SBP and decrease in DBP, thus delaying the age-related increase in pulse pressure and decreasing further cardiovascular risk. This procedure requires concomitant non-invasive evaluations of aortic stiffness. Conclusion The studies that are required in hypertension should use two different approaches: novel titrations of conventional drugs to achieve a decrease in either SBP or pulse pressure, and development of new drugs acting selectively on the large artery wall, to facilitate the conduct of subsequent controlled trials.
The effect of intercellular contact on the radiation sensitivity of KHT sarcoma cells.

obtained from in vivo irradiations. The experiments reported in this paper demonstrate that the intercellular contact effect can be observed in an animal tumor system in vivo. The studies were performed with KHT sarcoma cells, irradiated in contact as small lung colonies in situ or as individual cells in vitro. The cells for the in vitro irradiations were obtained from subcutaneous tumors which were excised from their host mice, immediately made into cell suspensions, and then irradiated as a function of time after excision of the tumors from their host animals. Survival curves obtained at 2 or 24 hr after tumor excision have identical slopes (Do = 129 + 7 and 121 +t 12 rad, respectively), but extrapolation numbers which differ by a factor of 7 (17 and 2.5, respectively). The cells irradiated in contact as small lung colonies have a survival curve with a shoulder at least as large as that seen at 2 hr after tumor excision. Split-dose experiments performed for the various conditions discussed indicate that the size of the shoulder of the survival curve reflects the ability of the cells to repair sublethal radiation damage.
Alcohol Use Among Asian American Adolescent Girls: The Impact of Immigrant Generation Status and Family Relationships

Underage drinking among Asian American adolescent girls is not well understood. Based on family interaction theory, the study examined the interrelationships among acculturation variables, family relationships, girls’ depressed mood, peer alcohol use, and girls’ alcohol use in a sample of 130 Asian American mother–daughter dyads. The mediating role of family relationships, girls’ depressed mood, and peer alcohol use on girls’ drinking was also assessed. The study advances knowledge related to alcohol use among early Asian American adolescent girls, highlights the effect of immigrant generation status and family relationships, and has implications for culturally specific underage drinking prevention programs.
Contribution to the dynamic study of humanoid robots interacting with dynamic environment

The questions when and why one needs to use mathematical models, and especially the models of dynamics, represent still an unresolved issue. A general answer would be that dynamic modelling is needed as a tool when designing structure of the system and its control unit. In this case we talk about simulation. The other application is in on-line control of the system – the so-called dynamic control. While in simulation one generally uses the best available model, the control can be based on a reduced dynamics, depending on a particular task. The aim of this paper was to highlight the problems important for the dynamics of humanoids and their dynamic environment.
Regulation of iron entry into reticulocytes. I. Feedback inhibitory effect of heme on iron entry into reticulocytes and on heme synthesis.

In the presence of hemin 59Fe incorporation into both heme and reticulocytes decreases. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide which inhibits heme synthesis in vitro is shown to increase reticulocyte radioiron uptake. During inhibition of globin synthesis by cycloheximide, reticulocyte radioiron uptake decreases. This decrease is probably caused by free heme which accumulates in reticulocytes after inhibition of globin synthesis. Simultaneous addition of an inhibitor of heme synthesis—isonicotinic acid hydrazide—to reticulocytes treated by cycloheximide decreases the inhibitory effect of this antibiotic on the iron entry into reticulocytes. The authors suppose the feedback linkage by which heme regulates iron entry into reticulocytes.
The virtual microscope

We present the design and implementation of the virtual microscope, a software system employing a client/server architecture to provide a realistic emulation of a high power light microscope. The system provides a form of completely digital telepathology, allowing simultaneous access to archived digital slide images by multiple clients. The main problem the system targets is storing and processing the extremely large quantities of data required to represent a collection of slides. The virtual microscope client software runs on the end user's PC or workstation, while database software for storing, retrieving and processing the microscope image data runs on a parallel computer or on a set of workstations at one or more potentially remote sites. We have designed and implemented two versions of the data server software. One implementation is a customization of a database system framework that is optimized for a tightly coupled parallel machine with attached local disks. The second implementation is component-based, and has been designed to accommodate access to and processing of data in a distributed, heterogeneous environment. We also have developed caching client software, implemented in Java, to achieve good response time and portability across different computer platforms. The performance results presented show that the Virtual Microscope systems scales well, so that many clients can be adequately serviced by an appropriately configured data server.
An Adaptive Algorithm for Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem Based on Real Time Traffic Information

Vehicle Routing Problems (VRP) became a hot issue since few decades. However, before the optimization has started, almost all the work dealt with static information where all data is known in advance. Dynamic scheduling vehicle routes are a crucial management problem. In this paper, a dynamic vehicle routing problem based on real time traffic information is proposed and an adaptive algorithm is developed. Different response strategies are evaluated using dynamic path adaptive search method. The algorithm has been tested on a set of benchmarks that are defined, and it is tested on a realistic case study in road network of China. It confirms that the developed method can be applied to real world instances.
Quantum Zeno dynamics of a field in a cavity

We analyze the quantum Zeno dynamics that takes place when a field stored in a cavity undergoes frequent interactions with atoms. We show that repeated measurements or unitary operations performed on the atoms probing the field state confine the evolution to tailored subspaces of the total Hilbert space. This confinement leads to non-trivial field evolutions and to the generation of interesting non-classical states, including mesoscopic field state superpositions. We elucidate the main features of the quantum Zeno mechanism in the context of a state-of-the-art cavity quantum electrodynamics experiment. A plethora of effects is investigated, from state manipulations by phase space tweezers to nearly arbitrary state synthesis. We analyze in details the practical implementation of this dynamics and assess its robustness by numerical simulations including realistic experimental imperfections. We comment on the various perspectives opened by this proposal.
The L1 Major Capsid Protein of Human Papillomavirus Type 11 Recombinant Virus-like Particles Interacts with Heparin and Cell-surface Glycosaminoglycans on Human Keratinocytes*

The L1 major capsid protein of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 11, a 55-kDa polypeptide, forms particulate structures resembling native virus with an average particle diameter of 50–60 nm when expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show in this report that these virus-like particles (VLPs) interact with heparin and with cell-surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) resembling heparin on keratinocytes and Chinese hamster ovary cells. The binding of VLPs to heparin is shown to exhibit an affinity comparable to that of other identified heparin-binding proteins. Immobilized heparin chromatography and surface plasmon resonance were used to show that this interaction can be specifically inhibited by free heparin and dextran sulfate and that the effectiveness of the inhibitor is related to its molecular weight and charge density. Sequence comparison of nine human L1 types revealed a conserved region of the carboxyl terminus containing clustered basic amino acids that bear resemblance to proposed heparin-binding motifs in unrelated proteins. Specific enzymatic cleavage of this region eliminated binding to both immobilized heparin and human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. Removal of heparan sulfate GAGs on keratinocytes by treatment with heparinase or heparitinase resulted in an 80–90% reduction of VLP binding, whereas treatment of cells with laminin, a substrate for α6 integrin receptors, provided minimal inhibition. Cells treated with chlorate or substituted β-d-xylosides, resulting in undersulfation or secretion of GAG chains, also showed a reduced affinity for VLPs. Similarly, binding of VLPs to a Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant deficient in GAG synthesis was shown to be only 10% that observed for wild type cells. This report establishes for the first time that the carboxyl-terminal portion of HPV L1 interacts with heparin, and that this region appears to be crucial for interaction with the cell surface.
A New Tandem Gene Construction Method Involving a Cloning System Using Poxvirus DNA polymerase , and Its Application to Gene Expression

A simple method for constructing polymerized genes using only restriction enzymes and commercially available cloning systems was established. In this system, gel isolations or purifications of target genes after restriction enzyme digestions or PCR amplifications, which often cause errors and mutations in the target gene sequence, are not necessary. To verify the usefulness of this method, one, two, four, eight, and sixteen tandem-repeats of the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) expression gene in Escherichia coli were sequentially constructed. Efficacies of the GFP gene expression of those plasmids in E. coli showed an increasing trend in accordance with the copy numbers of the gene. On SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with Coomassie blue staining, no expressed protein could be seen in E. coli cells harboring plasmids that contained one or two copies of the gene. However, expressed protein bands in E. coli cells were clearly detected with 4 copies of the gene. In quantitative analyses involving green fluorescence intensities per culture volume, the expression level in E. coli with 16 copies of the gene was 36.3-fold higher than that in E. coli with one copy at 22 hours after induction.