Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lethality of Heat to Escherichia coli 0157:H7: D-Value and Z-Value Determinations in Ground Beef.

D-values and z-values were determined for lean (2.0% fat) and fatty (30.5% fat) ground beef inoculated with approximately 107 Escherichia coli 0157:H7 cells per g. Inoculated ground meat was sealed in glass thermal death time tubes which were completely immersed in a circulating water bath and held at prescribed temperatures for predetermined lengths of time. Survival was determined by enumeration on plate count agar (PCA) containing 1% sodium pyruvate and by the 2-h indole test of Lee and McClain (7). D-values for fatty ground beef exceeded those for lean ground beef at the temperatures tested. D-values for lean and fatty ground beef at 125°F were 78.2 and 115.5 min, respectively, as enumerated on PCA plus pyruvate. D-values at 135°F were 4.1 and 5.3 min for lean and fatty beef. At 145°F D-values were determined to be 0.3 and 0.5 min. D-values calculated from 2-h indole test data for lean and fatty ground beef at 125°F were 80.1 and 121.0 min, respectively. D-values at 135°F were 4.0 and 7.4 min for lean and fatty beef and at 145°F a D-value of 0.2 min was calculated for lean beef only, due to insufficient survival of E. coli 0157:H7 in fatty beef at this temperature. The z-values determined for lean beef and fatty beef using PCA were 8.3 and 8.4°F respectively. The z-value for lean beef using the 2-h indole data was 7.8°F. No z-value for fatty beef using 2-h indole data could be determined.
BPM Maturity and Digital Leadership: An exploratory study

When organizations start to digitize, this often means that processes will be changed. The management paradigm that is centered on the continues review and improvement of organizational processes is Business Process Management (BPM). To digitize processes, an organization should have the right competences to deal with both technological and process changes. However, currently, it is not known which competences are needed by leaders to guide an organization with digital process transformation initiatives. Hence, this paper consists of an explorative study based on interviews with five experts to find out if and how the competences related to digital leadership can guide such initiatives. The experts are employees within five different organizations. The interviews showed some interesting results. First of all, several competences of digital leadership were mentioned by various experts. Many of these competences corresponded with each other. In the interviews, the following competences of digital leadership were mentioned most often: Collaboration, Self-direction, Lifelong learning, and Flexibility. Secondly, there are many approaches to gain insight into processes within organizations. The use of models is necessary to create added value, to help coordinate information provision between the processes and the people who work for the organization. One such approach is the use of Business Process Management Maturity models, which provide insight into the process maturity level of an organization. According to the respondents, there is a relationship between BPM maturity and digital leadership.
A Comparison of Disability Weights for Alcohol Use Disorders

Objective: This study aims to determine and compare the disability weights of alcohol use disorders (AUD) based on responses from AUD patients and a non-patient population using three valuation methods. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from three hospitals in southern Thailand. Two groups of participants were recruited: 150 patients diagnosed with AUD and a control group containing 150 persons without AUD. Both groups were asked to rate the AUD health states using a visual analogue scale (VAS), and again using either the European Quality of Life-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) instrument or the time trade-off (TTO) technique. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Results: The mean disability weights, based on the VAS, TTO and EQ-5D valuation methods obtained from AUD patients were: 0.485, 0.405, and 0.311, respectively, while those obtained from the control group were: 0.541, 0.330, and 0.237, respectively. Disability weights had a positive correlation with AUD severity levels. Employment status and family income were significantly associated with VAS disability weight among the control group. Conclusion: The use of three different instruments to calculate disability weights for people with AUD is feasible in Thailand. The disability weights differ depending on the valuation methods used and respondent groups.
Development of a Scale to Measure the Perception and Acceptance of Information Technology (IT) Enabled Comprehensive Farm Advisory Services by Farmers

A scale was developed to measure the “Perception and Acceptance of Information Technology (IT) Enabled Comprehensive Farm Advisory Services by Farmers”. The Likert‟s summated rating scale was followed in the construction of scale. Based on the review of literature and discussion with the expert‟s, 66 statements were enlisted. The relevancy rating were sent to 250 scientists and extension specialists working in research institutes of Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR), State Agricultural University and development departments for critical evaluation of statements on a 5 point continuum. Out of 250 judges 100 judges responded in time. Based on their judgment an aggregate of 53 statements were selected by finding the relevancy weightage scores (RWS). Statements having an
5-Arylidene 1,3-Dimethylbarbituric Acid Derivatives, Mild Organic Oxidants for Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols

Various 5-arylidene 1, 3-dimethylbarbituric acid derivatives and closely related compounds were synthesized as models of redox coenzymes and used for oxidation of alcohols.Under mild neutral conditions, 5-arylidene 1, 3-dimithylbarbituric acid derivatives, especially those having an electron-withdrawing group on the aromatic ring, effectively oxidized allylic and benzylic alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds. The relationship between the oxidizing ability and the structure of the oxidant (coenzyme model) was investigated and it was found that the electron density on the carbon-carbon double bond is a critical factor for the oxidation. In the case of the deuterium-labeled compound, the observed value of normal and primary isotope effect was 3.3 and so it was concluded that mechanism of this oxidation mainly involves the hydride transfer from the alcohol. An electrochemical investigation was also carried out and the redox potentials of the coenzyme models, 5-arylidene 1, 3-dimethylbarbituric acid derivatives and related compounds, were measured.
Philosophies of integration? Elite views on citizenship policies in Scandinavia

Research on the ‘civic turn’ in European citizenship policies suggests that concerns over immigrant integration have fueled the restrictive development of citizenship policies in recent decades. However, few efforts have been made to explore the normative ideas underlying this development. Departing from Favell’s (1998) influential concept of ‘philosophies of integration’, this article draws on elite-interviews with top-level bureaucrats, politicians and citizenship experts in the Scandinavian countries and explores how ideas about nationhood and integration have influenced the divergence in citizenship policies in the region, and what overall purpose the policy-changes reflect. We find that, especially in Denmark, the gradual introduction of ever more demanding civic integration requirements appears to be a part of the broader aim of controlling the inflow of migrants and not to enhance the integration of those already present in the country. Conversely, the Swedish liberal approach to citizenship, which regularly has been analyzed as a steppingstone to societal integration, might in reality have been a reflection of benign neglect. In Norway, immigrant integration has clearly been part of the underlying rationale for changes in naturalization requirements, yet the control dimension have played an increasingly important role. These findings suggests that, although the citizenship institution remains important in nation states’ efforts to solve their ‘ethnic dilemmas’, the underlying rationale behind policy-change is more multifaceted than previously understood.
Performance of Brioler Chickens and mRNA Expression of Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein Gene Fed with Soybean

Aims: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of processed full-fat soy bean on performance, Lipid blood carcass quality and mRNA expression levels of liver fatty -acid binding protein (LFABP) in broiler chicks. Study Design:A total of 240 day -old male broilers (Ross 308) was used in a completely randomized design. Place and Duration of Study:Islamic Azad University, Kashmar Branch Farm,42 days. Methodology: Experimental treatments included a control treatment (corn -soybean meal), levels 8 and 12% roasted full -fat soybean and levels 8 and 12% extruded full -fat soybean in rations . Each dietary treatment was assigned to four replicate pens holding 12 male broiler chicks. Roasting was conducted for 20 seconds at a temperature of 110∞ c and
Outcome of lateral condyle tibia fractures treated by lateral head buttress plate (LHBP)

Introduction: The lateral tibial condyle fracture is one of the common fractures encountered in Orthopaedic practice which usually occur in the road traffic accidents involving pedestrians crossing the road with direct hit on lateral condyle of tibia (Bumper fracture). Tibia plateau fractures constitute 1% of all fractures and 8% fractures in elderly. Isolated injuries to the lateral plateau account for 55 to 70% of tibial plateau fractures. Complex kinematics of its weight bearing positions and also stabilities of collateral ligaments and articular congruency are the main reasons which necessitates the union perfect reduction. Aim: To determine the outcome of managing proximal tibial lateral condyle fractures by open reduction and internal fixation using Lateral Head Buttress Plate. Materials and Methods: In prospective study design, total 30 cases of schatzker type I, II, III tibial plateau fractures treated at tertiary care teaching hospital in southern Rajasthan between July 2018 to June 2019 were included. The functional and radiological assessment was done in regular follow up till fracture union. Results: All the 30 cases achieved solid union between 13 to 16 weeks duration. The radiological and functional outcome was satisfactory in 96.66% and 85.83% respectively including excellent and good results of various parameters analysed. Conclusion: We conclude that preservation of the optimal function of knee after lateral tibial condyle fractures is satisfactorily achieved after fixing with lateral head buttress plate with a short learning curve and minimal complication risk.
Lower bounds for resonance counting functions

If d is even, the resonances of the Schrödinger operator  C V on R with V 2 Lcomp.R / are points on ƒ, the logarithmic cover of C n 10o. We show that for xed sign potentials V and form 2 Z n 10o, the resonance counting function for themth sheet of ƒ has maximal order of growth. Mathematics Subject Classi cation (2010). Primary: 35P25; Secondary: 81U05, 47A40.
Parental bonding among polygamous families and its effects on adolescent psychological well-being

The quality of parent-adolescent relationships is important for adolescent life outcomes and well-being. This study investigated parent-adolescent relationships, psychological well-being and problem behaviour among adolescents from polygamous families in Saudi Arabia. Adolescents (145 boys, 121 girls, 130 from polygamous families, 136 from monogamous families) completed measures of parental bonding, self-esteem, satisfaction with life, depression, bullying and victimization. Compared to adolescents from monogamous families, those from polygamous families reported lower father care, mother care, self-esteem, and satisfaction with life, also higher depression, and bullying and victimization scores. Perceptions of father care and mother care predicted self-esteem, satisfaction with life and depression. In addition, perceptions of mother care predicted victimization. Results will benefit school counsellors and professionals who work with polygamous families.
Innovating education with an educational modelling language

The ultimate aim of this study is to investigate how one may maximise the success chances of an educational innovations based on the implementation of an educational modelling language. These languages are both technically and organisationally quite demanding. Their implementation therefore constitutes a major innovation. Two different implementation cases of the educational modelling language EML provide the data for the investigation. The one case is situated in an institution for higher professional education that caters for on-campus students, the other in an institution for higher, open distance education that serves off-campus, home-based students. Together, the cases represent two important dimensions of the space of possible educational modelling language implementations. Rogers' diffusion-innovation theory is used as the backdrop for the analysis of the cases. It not only provides a common yard stick, but more importantly helps understand why the implementations failed in particular respects. Thus, it helps formulate guidelines for future implementations. In this respect, a current candidate, IMS Learning Design, is discussed at some length.
THE LINNAEAN SPECIES OF GOMPHRENA L. (AMARANTHACEAE)

The eleven species described as Gomphrena L. by Linnaeus are identified as species of Gomphrena, Alternanthera Forsskail, Caraxeron Rafinesque (= Philoxerus auct. mult., non R. Brown) and Froelichia Moench. Alternanthera flava (L.) Mears, comb. nov., is presented. It is demonstrated that Linnaeus' attitudes about the genus Gomphrena were more closely related to inflorescence characteristics than to stamen and stigma number.
Impact of Juice Extraction Method (Flash Détente vs. Conventional Must Heating) and Chemical Treatments on Color Stability of Rubired Juice Concentrates under Accelerated Aging Conditions

Low color stability of Rubired food and beverage coloring negatively impacts color yield during production and storage while also limiting the use of this type of food colorant in applications where color stability is a key requirement. This study investigated the impact on color stability of using flash détente (FD) for Rubired color extraction in comparison to a conventional must heating (CMH) extraction process, in conjunction with the use of commercial seed tannin, acetaldehyde, or acid to lower the pH. Rubired concentrate color was evaluated under accelerated aging conditions at 50, 60, and 70 °C, over zero, three, six, and nine days for the different treatments. FD concentrate had lower color stability, with a half-life of 203.3 h and activation energy of 59.2 kJ/mol at 50 °C compared to the CMH concentrate with 233.9 h and 65.2 kJ/mol. FD concentrate generated less 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) during accelerated aging regardless of treatment. Acetaldehyde, low pH, and the combination of these two treatments increased red color stability as well as violet and brown color, whereas seed tannin had no effect. Low pH treatments increased 5-HMF formation and browning, which was detrimental to concentrate quality. Although promising in terms of color stabilization, implementation of these treatments will require development of solutions to mitigate the production of 5-HMF.
Somatic embryogenesis in Manchurian ash: performance of various explant stock trees, optimisation of the basal medium, and simplified plant growth regulator combinations

Summary Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.) is an ecologically and economically important hardwood tree species distributed in Northeast China. Somatic embryogenesis has been achieved in this species. However, to improve the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis in this species, the effects of explant stock tree, basal medium type, and plant growth regulator combination were investigated. Somatic embryos (SEs) of Manchurian ash were induced on cotyledons from young zygotic embryos, and the highest rate of induction was obtained from zygotic cotyledons cultured on 0.5× Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. When cultured on 0.5× MS medium containing 8.1 µM αnaphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) plus 2.2 µM 6-benzyladenine (BA), the cotyledon explants derived from different stock trees had varying potentials to produce somatic embryogenic tissue. Somatic embryos were formed on only 33 of the 46 stock trees (numbered 1 – 46) tested, and the mean rates of induction ranged from 3 – 67%. Significant differences were observed in the combination of plant growth regulators required for maximum induction of SEs on cotyledon explants obtained from four additional stock trees (numbered 59 – 62), for which the optimal combination was 5.4 – 10.7 µM NAA plus 2.2 µM BA. These tree-specific results imply that breeding source needs to be considered before the potential application of somatic embryogenesis for rapid and large-scale propagation of superior lines of Manchurian ash.
Histological changes caused by Chronic Sleep Deprivation on Rats Temporomandibular Joints

Introduction: The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) known as ginglymoarthrodial joint is a complex synovial system composed of two joints together with their articulating ligaments and masticatory muscles.Objectives: To assess the histological effects of chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) (Experimental study). Methods: The study was conducted on16 Albino rats, aged from (8 – 10) weeks, and weighed from 190 to 210 gm. Rats were randomly allocated into two equal groups, a chronic sleep deprivation group (CSD), and a control group (CTRL). Each group was housed in a separate home cage but in the same room with free access to food and water. Rats of CSD group were subjected to CSD using the modified multiple platform method (MMPM) 18 hours per day for 3 weeks. Histomorphology of TMJ articulating surfaces were observed using light microscope (LM). Results: LM showed significant pathological alterations in the TMJ in CSD group.Conclusion: CSD causes pathological changes in the articulating surfaces of TMJ.
Point-to-point reply

Reviewer #3, Thomas Christophel & Vivien Chopurian: The authors provide an extensive response to our comments. The revised manuscript includes several additional analyses and simulation which critically add to the prior work. The updated main finding shows that unattended memory items can be decoded from both raw and frequency transformed EEG data. Moreover, 'reactivations' by 'pinging' appear to depend on the presence of an active raw EEG trace of the unattended item. Finally, as an alternative explanation for pinging effects, they introduce an attractor-boost model which appear to equally explain their results. The authors have broadened their interpretation of their initial findings in the light of these additional findings and discuss possible underlying mechanisms.
Association between parental feeding practices and shared family meals. The Food4toddlers study

Background Parental feeding practices and family meals are important determinants for infants’ diet and health. Still, there is no previous research of the association between feeding practices and family meals in infants. Objective Explore potential associations between feeding practices and family meals among infants. Design We present cross-sectional results (baseline) from the Food4toddlers study. In total 298 parents of 1-year-olds, recruited from all over Norway, filled in a questionnaire regarding frequency of shared family meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) and feeding practices using the validated instrument Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to explore the associations between having family meals every day and feeding practices (10 dimensions). Results The children included were about 11 months old, and 55% were boys. Parents were highly educated. Most children had family breakfast and dinner (60–65%), while fewer had family lunch every day (35%). We found that eating family breakfast and lunch every day was associated with use of the positive feeding practices: encourage balance and variety, environment and modelling (ORs ranging from 1.15 to 1.37), while eating family breakfast and family lunch less often was associated with the negative feeding practice pressure to eat (OR, 95% CI: 0.90 (0.83, 0.96) and 0.91 (0.84, 0.97), respectively). Eating family dinner every day was associated with more use of the positive feeding practice balance and variety (OR, 95% CI: 1.21 (1.06, 1.38), while having family dinner less often was associated with use of the negative feeding practices pressure to eat and restriction to health (OR, 95% CI: 0.89 (0.83, 0.96) and 0.94 (0.87, 1.01), respectively). Discussion and conclusion In this group of infants, having family meals every day was associated with positive feeding practices, while having family meals less often was associated with negative feeding practices. Shared family meals provide an important setting for healthy eating, development of feeding skills and dietary habits formation.
Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire Based on Food Groups for Estimating Individual Nutrient Intake

A food frequency questionnaire (FFQg) was developed, based on 29 food groups and 10 kinds of cookery, for estimating the energy and nutrient intakes of an individual subject during the previous one to two months. This questionnaire was evaluated by a comparison with weighed dietary records for 7 continuous days (7d records) of 66 subjects aged 19-60 years.The correlation coefficients between the FFQg and 7d records for energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate and calcium intakes were 0.47, 0.42, 0.39, 0.49 and 0.41, respectively. The intakes of 26 of the 31 nutrients were not significantly different by paired t-tests between the two methods (p≥0.05). The ratio of the value obtained by the FFQgmethod against that by the 7d records method ranged from 72%(vitamin B12) to 121%(vitamin C). The average value of this ratio was 104%. The correlation coefficients for the intakes of rice, bread, meat, fish, milk, dairy products, green-yellow vegetables, other vegetables, and fruits were 0.66, 0.76, 0.27, 0.27, 0.72, 0.58, 0.46, 0.53, and 0.64, respectively, between the FFQg and 7d records, and there was significant correlation between the two methods at the p<0.05 level for 22 of the 29 food groups.Apart from those food groups for which “Less than once a month or never” was selected by 50% or more of the respondents, 34% of respondents could estimate portion sizes in the FFQg with an error of less than 25%. The results show that the FFQg record is a useful instrument for estimating individual energy and nutrient intakes.
CLUSTERING BASED DOCUMENT SUMMARIZATION

: Document summarization involves summarizing document as the information is continuously increasing with such a huge amount. Users do not have much time to spend reading thousands of lines. Today users want maximum information which describes everything and occupies minimum space. This paper discusses an improved approach for document summarization by using clustering. Summarization is process of producing single summaries from a document. The three major problems that were introduced in single document summarization were coped in k means clustering summarization i.e. coping with redundancy, coherency in summary, identifying difference in sentences. To identify similarity in documents various similarity measures are used i.e. similarity between the sentences of documents and then grouping them in clusters based on their tf*idf values of the words.