Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Assembly and Physical Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles

Compared with the top-down lithographic techniques, bottom-up chemical synthesis and self-assembly approaches offer much more flexibilities in creating magnetic nanostructures with controlled size, shape, composition and physical properties. This review summarizes some of the latest developments in this field, with emphasis mainly on transition metals, their alloys and metal oxide nanoparticles. The focus is directed towards the conditions of individual particles as well as large assemblies of particles through colloidal chemistry. Furthermore, some of the future directions in nanomagnetism from the perspective of physical chemists is also presented.
Conversion of Benzal Halides to Benzaldehydes in the Presence of Aqueous Dimethylamine.

SYNTHESIS 2004, No. 2, pp 0283–0289xx.xx. 2003 Advanced online publication: 18.12. 2003 DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-44390; Art ID: M03603SS © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York Abstract: Aqueous dimethylamine is an efficient reagent for the conversion of a variety of benzal halides to their corresponding benzaldehydes. Studies indicate that aqueous dimethylamine significantly accelerates aldehyde formation from benzal halide precursors, as compared to the use of water alone. Indeed, these reactions are routinely completed in one hour or less, depending upon substrate substitution. Desired products can be isolated in pure form, and in high yield, but silica gel filtration is often necessary to remove baseline contaminants. The method represents a novel, economical approach to acquire pure, substituted benzaldehydes from commercially available, or easily prepared starting materials.
Voice Recognition Technology: Has It Come of Age?

Voice recognition software allows computer users to bypass their keyboards and use their voices to enter text. While the library literature is somewhat silent about voice recognition technology, the medical and legal communities have reported some success using it. Voice recognition software was tested for dictation accuracy and usability within an agriculture library at the University of Illinois. Dragon NaturallySpeaking 8.0 was found to be more accurate than speech recognition within Microsoft Office 2003. Helpful Web sites and a short history regarding this breakthrough technology are included.
Case study of the application of BPR in an SME contractor

The UK government strongly encouraged the construction industry to improve its efficiency during the 1990s. P Trant Limited, a medium-sized civil engineering contractor located in the south of England took on board this challenge and carried out a Business Process Re-engineering programme. This paper describes the process modelling tools used, the re-engineered processes and the efficiency gains produced. It is shown that mature medium-sized contracting companies can benefit from undertaking such a change programme and that the benefits are not restricted to large companies or groups. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Content-based image retrieval and high-level representations

Most indexing systems are based on global image descriptors. Nowadays, new representations are used. They try to describe images more precisely without exploiting any semantic description. They use local statistics and their relationships in the image. In this paper, we present these approaches and introduce a new representation system based on a pyramidal graph. First results are also presented which show that the proposed system is very promising for both partial and global requests.
The medium access control sublayer

The authors begin by giving a brief overview of the physical layer, the data link layer, the network layer, the transport layer and the application layer, before going on to discuss the MAC sublayer (a subset of the data link layer) in more detail. Static allocation protocols are considered as are FDM, TDM, dynamic allocation protocols, ALOHA, CSMA, reservation protocols, wireless network protocols and MACA (multiple access with collision avoidance). The paper concludes by mentioning the IEEE 802.3 and IEEE 802.4 standards as examples.
Synthetic Tritium Labeling: Reagents and Methodologies

This review presents a survey of new high specific activity tritium labeling reagents and methodologies developed in recent years and their applications to tritium labeling chemistry. The review is organized on the basis of reagent type, its development and applications. Emphasis is placed on the synthetic applications of the reagents and techniques that have an exceptionally high capability to produce high specific activity tritium labeled compounds. The focus of this review is on chemical labeling syntheses and does not include heterogeneous/homogeneous metal-catalyzed hydrogen-tritium exchange and biochemical reactions.
Building a Concrete Foundation: A Mixed-Method Study of Teaching Styles and the Use of Concrete, Representational, and Abstract Mathematics Instruction.

The purpose of this study was to explore teaching styles and how frequently teachers with a variety of teaching styles incorporate multiple representations, such as manipulatives, drawings, counters, etc., in the middle school mathematics classroom. Through this explanatory mixed methods study it was possible to collect the quantitative data in regard to participants’ teaching styles and the frequency which students use multiple representations as a problem solving strategy as well as the qualitative data that focus on teachers’ perceptions about and decisions in regard to using multiple representations as an instructional strategy. For the quantitative component, survey research was conducted by administering the Grasha-Reichmann Teaching Style Inventory to all of the middle school mathematics teachers in a suburban Georgia school district and frequency data was compiled from students’ sample work of the case study participants. Both forms of frequency data were analyzed using a Chi-square (χ 2 ) test or a Fisher’s exact test, based on the frequencies involved. The qualitative component of the study was comprised of multiple case studies that included teacher interviews and classroom observations to obtain information about teacher perceptions, teacher-student interactions, and studentstudent interactions within the mathematics classrooms where a variety of representations are used by teachers when introducing mathematical concepts and by students when they are involved in problem solving tasks. It is the intent of this study to provide a research base to illustrate the need for professional development in the area of multiple representations for sixth through eighth grade mathematics teachers and the need for resources so that teachers can successfully implement the use of multiple representations as an instructional strategy as recommended by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (2000).
Multiple Band Gap Semiconductor/Electrolyte Solar Energy Conversion

Fundamental and experimental multiple band gap semiconductor/electrolyte processes to convert optical energy and utilize renewable solar energy are explored. Alternate processes discussed include an inverted (1 photon per e-) or bipolar (n ≥ 2 photons per e-) arrangement of successive band gaps. Such processes can incorporate either a Schottky or an ohmic photoelectrochemical solution interface that can drive either regenerative single or multiple different redox reactions. The multiple redox case permits solar energy storage or solar water splitting evolving H2 and provides an energy reservoir that may compensate for the intermittent nature of solar energy. Generated H2 is attractive as a clean, renewable fuel. Experimental configurations examined include GaAs/Si or AlGaAs/Si photodriven redox couples, each with a solar to electrical conversion efficiency of 19−20%. A related solar cell is configured with electrochemical storage, which provides a nearly constant energetic output in illuminated or dark co.
Prototyping and the Systems Development Life Cycle

Abstract The systems development life cycle (SDLC) concept has become a significant method for planning, executing, and controlling systems development projects. However, this approach is not without its drawbacks, and unsatisfactory systems can still be developed. Although not a perfect solution, prototyping has emerged as an attractive tool to complement and even improve the traditional software development method. This article examines the elements and limitations of each approach and discusses how the two can be used together to improve the overall development process.
Impact of East Asian winter monsoon on the Pacific storm track

The storm track plays an important role in modulating the variability of atmosphere circulations such as day‐to‐day weather variability and teleconnection patterns. The variation in amplitude of the storm track is usually related to the midlatitude basic flow. Recent studies show that a strong (weak) East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and weak (strong) synoptic eddy activity lead to the weakening (enhancement) of the Pacific storm track. Two empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes of the EAWM were identified recently. However, their different impacts on the position and intensity of the Pacific storm track are not clear. Based on the ECMWF 40 Year Re‐analysis (ERA40) data, the different responses of the Pacific storm track to these two EOF modes of EAWM are investigated in this study. The results imply that the first EOF mode (i.e., the northern mode) of EAWM, characterized by a northward‐shifted westerly jet tends to lead to a northward shift of the Pacific storm track. The second EOF mode (i.e., the southern mode) of EAWM, featured by a more southward located westerly jet stream, tends to cause a southward shift of the Pacific storm track. Moreover, the amplitude of the Pacific storm track associated with the southern mode is considerably weaker than the amplitude associated with the northern mode. It is also demonstrated that the westerly jet associated with the EAWM may play an important role in transporting the upstream synoptic waves to the Pacific Ocean and contributing to the development of the Pacific storm track.
Automatic lip reading by using multimodal visual features

Since long time ago, speech recognition has been researched, though it does not work well in noisy places such as in the car or in the train. In addition, people with hearing-impaired or difficulties in hearing cannot receive benefits from speech recognition. To recognize the speech automatically, visual information is also important. People understand speeches from not only audio information, but also visual information such as temporal changes in the lip shape. A vision based speech recognition method could work well in noisy places, and could be useful also for people with hearing disabilities. In this paper, we propose an automatic lip-reading method for recognizing the speech by using multimodal visual information without using any audio information such as speech recognition. First, the ASM (Active Shape Model) is used to track and detect the face and lip in a video sequence. Second, the shape, optical flow and spatial frequencies of the lip features are extracted from the lip detected by ASM. Next, the extracted multimodal features are ordered chronologically so that Support Vector Machine is performed in order to learn and classify the spoken words. Experiments for classifying several words show promising results of this proposed method.
Experimental comparison of segmented image coding and warped polynomial image coding

This paper compares two second-generation image coding methods. The first method is segmented image coding (SIC) which segments images into regions of stationary image intensity and approximates the gray values in each region by a bi-variate polynomial. The second method is warped image coding (WIC) which represents images in terms of image- dependent base functions, but which may also be viewed as an adaptive subsampling method. The paper explains the most important features of both techniques and compares them experimentally at a bit rate of 0.3 bit per pixel on the 'peppers' image. The results show that WIC produces the best subjective image quality. On the other hand, WIC is computationally much more demanding than the particular SIC method considered in this paper. Both SIC and WIC produce better images than JPEG at the considered rate.
Study on Model Validation of Logistics System Based on Petri Nets

Simulation is a better method than traditional analytic mathematics method for the analysis and description of complex logistics system, which can preview the result of decision and simulate the system operation process. But a accurate model is the foundation of it. All analytical studies of the system are based on the model. Unfortunately, it is an unsolved problem that how to evaluate and verify a model quality. The article add the mathematics analysis of model in modeling by object-oriented theory. It studies the conversion rules among the UML, OOPN and eM-Plant model. At last, a relative case is included to verify the feasibility.
A Novel Privacy Preserving Model for Datasets Re-Publication

Some medical records are often added and deleted in the practical applications. The leakage of privacy information caused by re-publishing datasets with multiple sensitive attributes becomes more likely than any other publication styles. In this paper, we first systematically characterize the inference attacks and set the hierarchy sensitive attribute rules. Then we propose a novel privacy preserving model based on k-anonymity for re-publication of multiple sensitive datasets and verify the novel approach that can eliminate inference channel and effectively protect privacy information in re-publication of datasets with multiple sensitive attributes by specific example. Finally, we present the anonymization algorithm to achieve privacy against inference attack.
Verification of 3G radio network dimensioning rules with static network simulations

The third generation cellular systems will offer services well beyond the capabilities of today's networks. For an operator to optimise their business cases accurate methods are required for the capacity and coverage estimation. The scope of this paper is to concentrate on the first phase of the radio network planning process: radio network dimensioning. Dimensioning is providing the first rough estimate of the radio network's capabilities in terms of capacity, coverage and quality. In this work the radio network dimensioning rules and methods are introduced. Furthermore, the proposed methods are verified with radio network simulations. It has been demonstrated that the proposed methods work reasonable well even with relatively high bit rates. In addition to that it is shown that in case of WCDMA macrocell dimensioning it is not adequate to base the results on uplink only.
Elementary analysis on the bed-sediment entrainment by debris flow and its application using the TopFlowDF model

The Geographic Information System (GIS)-based TopFlowDF model is an effective simulation tool to analyse the debris-flow propagation on the fan. It has been validated in the previous research works and shows a satisfactory accuracy. We review the framework of the model in this paper and discuss that the simulation results are rather sensitive to the input conditions (e.g. the user-defined start point and debris-flow volume). In fact, previous studies have elucidated that sediment entrainment by debris flow conspicuously influences these input conditions. In this paper, we develop an elementary static approach with a three-layer model to estimate the entrainment and determine the amplification of total mass volume and peak discharge. Subsequently a new concept of “critical line” is proposed to detect the erodible reaches in the channel. Two cases in Japan and Norway are selected to illustrate the approach; analytical results show a good agreement with the in situ survey. The presented approach can provide a better solution to the input conditions as required by TopFlowDF model.
Geometric neurocomputing for visually pose recognition

This paper presents a geometric neurocomputing approach for 3D pose recognition using the framework of the geometric Clifford algebras. The type of geometric problems like pose recognition can be very efficiently handled using geometric neural networks. Our experimental part shows the computing of 3D pose using 2D image data and the computing of 3D pose of rigid objects using visual information captured by a trinocular head.
An integrated software platform for the design and DSP-based implementation of digital filters

This paper describes a software platform developed in order to support the design and DSP-based implementation of digital filters. It is WINDOWS 3.11 program designed to run on a personal computer containing a DSP board. A card based on the 16-bit fixed point Texas Instruments TMS320C25 chip is used, which is attached to the ISA PC bus. The developed software is specially designed to accomplish three main features: the filter design task, restricted to the PC microprocessor, the real-time synchronous filter algorithm, running exclusively on the DSP, and the necessary information exchanging between both processors, in order either to load filter parameters or to check for the filter input/output signals. In addition, the user may edit/view text files containing the filter transfer function or network coefficients, or edit/compile/debug files that contain assembly code for the DSP.
Joint source-channel control for real-time VBR over ATM via dynamic UPC renegotiation

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks are expected to support variable bit rate (VBR) traffic with quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees. At call set up time, a source is required to negotiate a set of usage parameter control (UPC) parameters which the network uses in traffic enforcement and admission control. However, a static UPC can reflect neither the changing needs of the source nor the future onset of congestion in the network. Low resource utilization may result, particularly in the presence of VBR sources with significant slow time-scale traffic variations if the source chooses its UPC parameters based on worst-case resource requirements. This paper proposes and evaluates the performance of a joint source-channel control scheme for VBR traffic service in which sources may dynamically renegotiate UPC parameters with the network during a session.
Switched Markov Jump Linear Systems: Analysis and Control Synthesis

Markov jump linear systems find application in many areas including economics, fault-tolerant control, and networked control. Despite significant attention paid to Markov jump linear systems in the literature, few authors have investigated Markov jump linear systems with time-inhomogeneous Markov chains (Markov chains with time-varying transition probabilities), and even fewer authors have considered timeinhomogeneous Markov chains with a priori unknown transition probabilities. This dissertation provides a formal stability and disturbance attenuation analysis for a Markov jump linear system where the underlying Markov chain is characterized by an a priori unknown sequence of transition probability matrices that assumes one of finitely-many values at each time instant. Necessary and sufficient conditions for uniform stochastic stability and uniform stochastic disturbance attenuation are reported. In both cases, conditions are expressed as a set of finite-dimensional linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) that can be solved efficiently. These finite-dimensional LMI analysis results lead to nonconservative LMI formulations for optimal controller synthesis with respect to disturbance attenuation. As a special case, the analysis also applies to a Markov jump linear system with known transition probabilities that vary in a finite set. This research was made with Government support under and awarded by DoD, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship, 32 CFR 168a. To Jessie and Aidric
Machines électrostatiques puissantes

Dans cet article, qui termine une serie de trois exposes commencee en janvier 1947, l'auteur examine les problemes generaux relatifs au rendement et a la puissance specifique des machines electrostatiques, il montre la necessite d'un fonctionnement reversible et, en calculant l'energie dissipee a la commutation, determine dans quelle mesure on peut s'ecarter pratiquement de cette condition ideale. L'auteur calcule l'energie perdue par frottement gazeux dans une machine electrostatique et montre que, a rendement constant, la puissance par unite de volume est independante de la taille de l'appareil, tandis que dans les generateurs electromagnetiques, la puissance specifique est sensiblement proportionnelle aux dimensions. Il en resulte, d'apres l'auteur, une superiorite considerable des machines electrostatiques pour la production de puissances faibles ou moyennes (de l'ordre du kilowatt), meme pour des tensions relativement faibles comme 20 ou 30 kV. L'auteur conclut en montrant l'importance des progres effectues dans le domaine des generateurs electrostatiques, mais ne pense pas que, dans un proche avenir, ces generateurs puissent concurrencer les appareils electromagnetiques pour la production de tres grandes puissances, sauf progres imprevisibles des isolements par gaz ou par vide.
Gaze Detection by Wearable Eye‐Tracking and NIR LED‐Based Head‐Tracking Device Based on SVR

In this paper, a gaze estimation method is proposed for use with a large‐sized display at a distance. Our research has the following four novelties: this is the first study on gaze‐tracking for large‐sized displays and large Z (viewing) distances; our gaze‐tracking accuracy is not affected by head movements since the proposed method tracks the head by using a near infrared camera and an infrared light‐emitting diode; the threshold for local binarization of the pupil area is adaptively determined by using a p‐tile method based on circular edge detection irrespective of the eyelid or eyelash shadows; and accurate gaze position is calculated by using two support vector regressions without complicated calibrations for the camera, display, and user's eyes, in which the gaze positions and head movements are used as feature values. The root mean square error of gaze detection is calculated as 0.79° for a 30‐inch screen.
Control chart pattern recognition using learning vector quantization networks

Pattern recognition systems using neural networks for discriminating between different types of control chart patterns are discussed. A class of pattern recognizers based on the Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) network is described. A procedure to increase the classification accuracy and decrease the learning time for LVQ networks is presented. The results of control chart pattern recognition experiments using both existing LVQ networks and an LVQ network implementing the proposed procedure are given.