Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Streptokinase in acute aortic dissection.

A 50 year old man presented to a district general hospital with acute severe chest pain radiating to the interscapular region. The house officer who admitted him noted a normal electrocardiogram and mistakenlv considered an x ray film of the chest to be normal. Acute myocardial infarction was diagnosed and treatment with intravenous streptokinase started. An acute hypotensive episode occurred early the next morning, when a chest x ray film showed an obvious widened mediastinum. The patient was transferred to this centre, where initial treatment consisted of control of blood pressure as defects in coagulation precluded catheterisation or operation. Despite the use of vitamin K, fresh frozen plasma, and platelets three days were required to restore clotting variables to values at which an operation could be considered. Figure 1 shows the progress of mediastinal widening during this period. Angiography confirmed an ascending aortic dissection with aortic reflux. At operation, unusually, no blood clots were found between layers of the dissection. A woven double velour tube graft was used to replace the ascending aorta, with resuspension of the aortic valve. Aprotinin (2 million kallikrein inactivating units) was given during bypass of the cardiopulmonary system. Altogether 1900 ml fluid was lost through chest drains in the postoperative period. He made an uneventful recovery and was well six months later.
An Extension of the Discontinuous Galerkin Method for the Singular Poisson Equation

We present a numerical method for solving a singular Poisson equation which solution contains jumps and kinks due to a singular right-hand side. Equations of this type may arise, e.g., within the pressure computation of incompressible multiphase flows. The method is an extension to the well-known discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method, being able to represent the jumps and kinks with subcell accuracy. In the proposed method, an ansatz function which already fulfills the jump condition is subtracted from the original problem, thereby reducing it to a standard Poisson equation without a jump. Invoking a technique that we refer to as “patching,” the construction of the ansatz function can be limited to a very narrow domain around the jump position, thus making the construction numerically cheap and easy. Under optimal conditions, the method shows a convergence order of $p+1$ for DG polynomial degree $p$. Still, in the worst case, a convergence order of approximately 2.4 is preserved for DG polynomial degree of 2.
Evolutionary plasticity of protein families: Coupling between sequence and structure variation

In this work we examine how protein structural changes are coupled with sequence variation in the course of evolution of a family of homologs. The sequence–structure correlation analysis performed on 81 homologous protein families shows that the majority of them exhibit statistically significant linear correlation between the measures of sequence and structural similarity. We observed, however, that there are cases where structural variability cannot be mainly explained by sequence variation, such as protein families with a number of disulfide bonds. To understand whether structures from different families and/or folds evolve in the same manner, we compared the degrees of structural change per unit of sequence change (“the evolutionary plasticity of structure”) between those families with a significant linear correlation. Using rigorous statistical procedures we find that, with a few exceptions, evolutionary plasticity does not show a statistically significant difference between protein families. Similar sequence–structure analysis performed for protein loop regions shows that evolutionary plasticity of loop regions is greater than for the protein core. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ZNRF2 is released from membranes by growth factors and, together with ZNRF1, regulates the Na+/K+ATPase

Summary Here, we describe a phosphorylation-based reverse myristoyl switch for mammalian ZNRF2, and show that this E3 ubiquitin ligase and its sister protein ZNRF1 regulate the Na+/K+ pump (Na+/K+ATPase). N-myristoylation localizes ZNRF1 and ZNRF2 to intracellular membranes and enhances their activity. However, when ZNRF2 is phosphorylated in response to agonists including insulin and growth factors, it binds to 14-3-3 and is released into the cytosol. On membranes, ZNRF1 and ZNRF2 interact with the Na+/K+ATPase &agr;1 subunit via their UBZ domains, while their RING domains interact with E2 proteins, predominantly Ubc13 that, together with Uev1a, mediates formation of Lys63-ubiquitin linkages. ZNRF1 and ZNRF2 can ubiquitylate the cytoplasmic loop encompassing the nucleotide-binding and phosphorylation regions of the Na+/K+ATPase &agr;1 subunit. Ouabain, a Na+/K+ATPase inhibitor and therapeutic cardiac glycoside, decreases ZNRF1 protein levels, whereas knockdown of ZNRF2 inhibits the ouabain-induced decrease of cell surface and total Na+/K+ATPase &agr;1 levels. Thus, ZNRF1 and ZNRF2 are new players in regulation of the ubiquitous Na+/K+ATPase that is tuned to changing demands in many physiological contexts.
Brownian Inventory Models with Convex Holding Cost, Part 1: Average-Optimal Controls

We consider an inventory system in which inventory level fluctuates as a Brownian motion in the absence of control. The inventory continuously accumulates cost at a rate that is a general convex function of the inventory level, which can be negative when there is a backlog. At any time, the inventory level can be adjusted by a positive or negative amount, which incurs a fixed cost and a proportional cost. The challenge is to find an adjustment policy that balances the holding cost and adjustment cost to minimize the long-run average cost. When both upward and downward fixed costs are positive, our problem is an impulse control problem. When both fixed costs are zero, our problem is a singular or instantaneous control problem. For the impulse control problem, we prove that a four-parameter control band policy is optimal among all feasible policies. For the singular control problem, we prove that a two-parameter control band policy is optimal. We use a lower-bound approach, widely known as the “verification.
From Fantasy to Action

The current intervention tested whether a metacognitive self-regulatory strategy of goal pursuit can help economically disadvantaged children convert positive thoughts and images about their future into effective action. Mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII) entails mental contrasting a desired future with relevant obstacles of reality and forming implementation intentions (if–then plans) specifying when and where to overcome those obstacles. Seventy-seven 5th graders from an urban middle school were randomly assigned to learn either MCII or a Positive Thinking control strategy. Compared to children in the control condition, children taught how to apply MCII to their academic wishes and concerns significantly improved their report card grades (η2 = .07), attendance (η2 = .05), and conduct (η2 = .07). These findings suggest that MCII holds considerable promise for helping disadvantaged middle school children improve their academic performance.
A Problem-solving Perspective on Systems Development

Abstract:This paper discusses systems development in the context of problemsolving strategies. A theoretical basis for the two dominant problem-solving approaches (sdlc and prototyping) is presented along with the results of a field study of the effectiveness of the strategies in fourth-generation language environments.Results from the study indicate the appropriateness of a mixed development strategy contingent on system type. Implications for future research on systems development are also presented.
Decellularlized Matrix in Organ Transplantation

Liver disease is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Each year, approximately 25,000 patients die from end­stage liver disease in the United States alone. The orthotopic liver transplan­ tation is the only known treatment for patients with end­stage liver failure but this therapy is limited by the shortage of donor organs. Many alternative treatments, including hepatocyte transplanta­ tion [1,2], transplanted tissue engineered liver [3­5], and extracor­ poreal bioartificial liver (BAL) device [6,7] have been attempted to treat acute liver failure, but have shown limited success.
BUNDLED CAMERA PATHS FOR STEREOSCOPIC VIDEO STABILIZATION

This paper presents a method to stabilize shaky stereoscopic videos captured by hand-held devices. Directly applying traditional monocular video stabilization techniques to two views independently is problematic as it often brings undesirable vertical disparities and produces inaccurate horizontal disparities, which violate original stereoscopic disparity constraints, leading to erroneous depth perception. In this paper, we show that monocular video stabilization methods, such as the bundled camera paths stabilization, can be extended for stereoscopic videos by taking additional disparity constraints during the stabilization. In particular, we first estimate disparities between two views. Then, we compute camera motions as meshes of bundled paths for each view. Next, we smooth paths of two views separately and iteratively. During each iteration, we adjust the meshes of one view by our proposed ‘Joint Disparity and Stability mesh Warp (JDSW)’. The final result is generated after several iterations of paths smoothing and meshes adjusting, in which temporal stability and correct depth perception are achieved simultaneously. We evaluate our method by various challenging stereoscopic videos with different camera motions and scene types. The experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
GSK-3β Governs Inflammation-Induced NFATc2 Signaling Hubs to Promote Pancreatic Cancer Progression

We aimed to investigate the mechanistic, functional, and therapeutic role of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) in the regulation and activation of the proinflammatory oncogenic transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc2) in pancreatic cancer. IHC, qPCR, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence microscopy, and proliferation assays were used to analyze mouse and human tissues and cell lines. Protein–protein interactions and promoter regulation were analyzed by coimmunoprecipitation, DNA pulldown, reporter, and ChIP assays. Preclinical assays were performed using a variety of pancreatic cancer cells lines, xenografts, and a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM). GSK-3β–dependent SP2 phosphorylation mediates NFATc2 protein stability in the nucleus of pancreatic cancer cells stimulating pancreatic cancer growth. In addition to protein stabilization, GSK-3β also maintains NFATc2 activation through a distinct mechanism involving stabilization of NFATc2–STAT3 complexes independent of SP2 phosphorylation. For NFATc2–STAT3 complex formation, GSK-3β–mediated phosphorylation of STAT3 at Y705 is required to stimulate euchromatin formation of NFAT target promoters, such as cyclin-dependent kinase-6, which promotes tumor growth. Finally, preclinical experiments suggest that targeting the NFATc2–STAT3–GSK-3β module inhibits proliferation and tumor growth and interferes with inflammation-induced pancreatic cancer progression in KrasG12D mice. In conclusion, we describe a novel mechanism by which GSK-3β fine-tunes NFATc2 and STAT3 transcriptional networks to integrate upstream signaling events that govern pancreatic cancer progression and growth. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of GSK-3β is demonstrated for the first time in a relevant Kras and inflammation-induced GEMM for pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(3); 491–502. ©2016 AACR.
On the multiple simultaneous superposition of molecular structures by rigid body transformations

A method of optimally superimposing n coordinate sets on each other by rigid body transformations, which minimizes the sum of all n(n ‐ 1)/2 pairwise residuals, is presented. In the solution phase the work load is approximately linear on n, is independent of the size of the structures, is independent of their initial orientations, and terminates in one cycle if n = 2 or if the coordinate sets are exactly superposable, and otherwise takes a number of cycles dependent only on genuine shape differences. Enantiomorphism, if present, is detected, in which case the option exists to reverse or not to reverse the chirality of relevant coordinate sets. The method also offers a rational approach to the problem of multiple minima and has successfully identified four distinct minima in such a case. Source code, which is arranged to enable the study of the disposition of domains in multidomain structures, is available from the author.
Tyrosine hydroxylase assay: a bioassay for aryl hydrocarbon receptor-active compounds based on tyrosine hydroxylase promoter activation

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) assay is a novel bioassay for screening aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-active compounds with diverse toxicities. The TH assay employs reporter genes to evaluate TH promoter activity, which is linked to dopamine synthesis and regulated by the AhR-aryl hydrocarbon receptor responsive element-III (AHRE-III)-mediated pathway. The toxic equivalency factors for higher chlorinated dioxin congeners in the TH assay (TH-TEF) exhibit the same tendency as those for the WHO-TEF, indicating that the activity of the TH assay is consistent with that of existing methods. Furthermore, other chemicals, such as lower chlorinated dioxin congeners that were minimally investigated in the past could be detected preferentially by this assay.
FPGA IMPLEMENTATION OF DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM BASED SATELLITE IMAGE RESOLUTION ENHANCEMENT

Satellite images are being used in many fields of research. One of the major issues of these types of images is their resolution. In this paper, we propose a new satellite image resolution enhancement technique based on the interpolation of the high-frequency subbands obtained by discrete wavelet transform(DWT) and the input image. The proposed resolution enhancement technique uses DWT to decompose the input image into different subbands. Then, the high-frequency subband images and the input low-resolution image have been interpolated, followed by combining all these images to generate a new resolution-enhanced image by using inverse DWT. In order to achieve a sharper image,an intermediate stage for estimating the high-frequency subbandshas been proposed. The proposed technique has been tested on satellite benchmark images. The quantitative (peak signal-to-noise ratio and root mean square error) and visual results show the superiority of the proposed technique over the conventional and state-of-art image resolution enhancement techniques.
Quantifying spatial distribution of soil moisture using a cosmic ray and capacitance sensor network

This study combines soil moisture capacitance probes and cosmic-ray neutron probe with a Fuzzy Inference System to estimate variability of soil moisture in a ~28 ha circle over time. The technique demonstrates that the cosmic-ray neutron probe's average neutron count and a network of capacitance probes may be useful for estimating spatial and temporal variability in soil moisture patterns within the probe's footprint.
EVOLUTION OF THE EARLY MIOCENE HESPERHYINE PECCARIES

The Hesperhyinae is a monophyletic group of primitive peccaries that have long been plagued by confused systematics, invalid taxa, incorrect generic assignments, and poor specimens. Even though the currently published literature recognizes only Hesperhys (and sometimes Desmathyus), previously undescribed fossils show that there are seven distinct genera (four new) and seven species (two new). Hesperhyines are now defined by a distinctive suite of characters in the choanal region of the skull. The earliest hesperhyines include a primitive new genus and species, Lucashyus coombsae, from the late Arikareean of Wyoming, along with “Cynorca” (now Marshochoerus) socialis from the late Arikareean of the John Day Formation. Floridachoerus olseni from the early Hemingfordian of the Thomas Farm local fauna in Florida is a slightly more derived hesperhyine, as is the new genus Stuckyhyus siouxensis (replacing the invalid name “Desmathyus siouxensis”) from the late Arikareean of Wyoming. The most derived taxon is Hesperhys vagrans (from the late Hemingfordian and early Barstovian). New material demonstrates Hesperhys a very distinctive large peccary with robust, inflated cheek teeth. Hesperhys is completely different from the smaller more gracile Desmathyus pinensis (from the late Arikareean of South Dakota) and the new taxon Wrightohyus yatkolai, from the late Arikareean-early Hemingfordian of Nebraska and Wyoming. All of three of these taxa were incorrectly lumped into Hesperhys. Pediohyus ferus Loomis, 1910, is too fragmentary and incomplete for confident comparison, so it is a nomen dubium. This revision of all the new material and mistaken systematic assignments reveals a significant evolutionary radiation and a much greater taxonomic diversity of peccaries in the early to middle Miocene than the older literature had ever suggested. It also substantiates the importance of this large monophyletic clade that was completely unrecognized by earlier scientists.
An allocentric spatial model for the hippocampal cognitive map

The term “spatial behavior” is ambiguous and needs to be clarified. It might mean behaviors that can best be described with reference to a spatial reference framework. or it might mean behaviors that are dependent on spatial neural systems. An example of the first is the demonstration by Golani (1976) that the seemingly complcx movements which form the social interaction between two jackals can be described in several different frameworks, including the use of a framework centered on one animal to describe the movements of the other. Other aspects of behavior will best be described with reference to egocentric frameworks centered on the eye, head or body axis, or axes centered on individual objects or environmental frameworks. I t might transpire. however, that the neural systems that generate these behaviors are not in themselves spatial systems, but are acting according to nonspatial principles that conspire with the environment to produce “spatial” behavior. For example, the behavior of an animal approaching a light might best be described as reducing the linear distance between the animal and the object, but might in fact be subserved by systems operating on the principle “increase the intensity of the light,” resulting in the animal’s moving up an intensity gradient (Barto and Sutton. 1981). Similarly, as the behaviorists realized. even complex spatial behaviors such as maze learning could, in principle, be dependent on chains of simple associations between stimuli and responses (see stimulus A , activate muscle sequence I ; see stimulus B, activate muscle sequence 11, etc.). An example of the way in which a “nonspatial” hippocampus might support spatial behavior is the stimulus-response associationist model proposed by McNaughton (1988) and McNaughton and Nadel (1989). In this model the activity of the hippocampal complex-spike cells represents the sensory view from a location; the role of the hippocampus is to associate this view with a particular movement (e.g., turn left) in order to predict the subsequent local view. The power to generate novel behaviors on the basis of such a system depends on the ability to string together stimulus-response-stimulus components and to generate motor equivalences, such as two left turns are equivalent to an about-face in extrahippocampal areas like the parietal cortex. No spatial system is needed. The second meaning of spatial behavior is behavior generated by information stored in an explicitly spatial system. The strong claims of the cognitive map theory are that one such spatial system represents environments within an alloYIPPOCAMPUS, VOL. 1, NO. 3, PAGES 230-235, JULY 1991
Progresses in continuous speech recognition based on statistical modelling for romanian language

In this paper we will present progresses made in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) for Romanian language based on statistical modelling with hidden Markov models (HMMs). The progresses concern enhancement of modelling by taking into account the context in form of triphones, improvement of speaker independence by applying a gender specific training and enlargement of the feature categories used to describe speech sequences derived not only from perceptual cepstral analysis but also from perceptual linear prediction.
Training large margin host-pathogen protein-protein interaction predictors

Detection of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) plays a vital role in molecular biology. Particularly, pathogenic infections are caused by interactions of host and pathogen proteins. It is important to identify host-pathogen interactions (HPIs) to discover new drugs to counter infectious diseases. Conventional wet lab PPI detection techniques have limitations in terms of cost and large-scale application. Hence, computational approaches are developed to predict PPIs. This study aims to develop machine learning models to predict inter-species PPIs with a special interest in HPIs. Specifically, we focus on seeking answers to three questions that arise while developing an HPI predictor: (1) How should negative training examples be selected? (2) Does assigning sample weights to individual negative examples based on their similarity to positive examples improve generalization performance? and, (3) What should be the size of negative samples as compared to the positive samples during training and evaluation? We compare two available methods for negative sampling: random versus DeNovo sampling and our experiments show that DeNovo sampling offers better accuracy. However, our experiments also show that generalization performance can be improved further by using a soft DeNovo approach that assigns sample weights to negative examples inversely proportional to their similarity to known positive examples during training. Based on our findings, we have also developed an HPI predictor called HOPITOR (Host-Pathogen Interaction Predictor) that can predict interactions between human and viral proteins. The HOPITOR web server can be accessed at the URL: http://faculty.pieas. edu.pk/fayyaz/software.html#HoPItor .
Visual contrast sensitivity alterations in inferred magnocellular pathways and anomalous perceptual experiences in people at high-risk for psychosis

Evidence suggests that patients with schizophrenia show impaired performances on tests assessing the magnocellular (M) visual pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate M pathway functioning in persons at high-risk of psychosis. Sixteen high-risk persons at the prodromal phase of psychosis and 20 healthy controls participated. Two types of contrast sensitivity measurements were used, during which participants were asked to detect a briefly presented target Gabor patch. In the pulsed-pedestal paradigm, the luminance of the background field was decreased to saturate M pathways and to bias information processing to parvocellular (P) pathways. In the steady-pedestal paradigm, the luminance of the background field was constant and briefly presented targets were processed by the M pathway. Anomalous perceptual experiences were assessed using the Structured Interview for Assessing Perceptual Anomalies (SIAPA). Results revealed that the high-risk persons showed elevated contrast sensitivity during the M pathway test, and normal sensitivity during the P pathway test. The visual SIAPA scores showed significant positive correlations with the M pathway sensitivity values. These results suggest that the high-risk mental state is associated with hyper-reactive M pathways, which may be responsible for some anomalous perceptual experiences, including abnormal intensity of environmental stimuli, feelings of being flooded and inundated, and inability to focus attention to relevant details.