Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial Analysis Using R based Deep Learning

Recently classified or clustering things and data (Classification) to a kind of technology of methodological deep learning has been attracting attention. Core of deep learning are derived algorithm as a means to exceed the limits of the artificial neural network is a predicted through classification. And analyze large amounts of data, a computer that can distinguish things people who derived the pattern is a technology that can identify the object. Therefore, the In this paper, on the basis of deep learning algorithm by using the data analysis tool R, it attempts to design a process to be visualized combined with spatial information data. Spatial data gathered by the process, scraping data, via the data processing concentrates to identify the intended user. And country of map data, collect data through a Web scraping, analyzing MNIST data using H2O, which is provided with an open source package for R programs. Based Received (January 22, 2016), Review Result (February 5, 2016) Accepted (February 16, 2016), Published (April 30, 2016) 156-743 Graduate School of Software, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea email: sejung90@naver.com 156-743 Dept. of IT Policy and Mgmt., Graduate School of Soongsil Univ., Seoul, Koreaa email: csm0107@gmail.com 156-743 Dept. of IT Policy and Mgmt., Graduate School of Soongsil Univ., Seoul, Koreaa email: hj1253@urpsys.com (Corresponding Author) 156-743, Graduate School of Software, Soongsil University, Seoul Korea email: kjb123@ssu.ac. kr Spatial analysis using R based Deep Learning Copyright c 2016 HSST 2 on the final algorithm, and presents the expected effect of the paper.
Installation, Commissioning and Performance of Phase Reference Line for LCLS-II

Any cavity controller for a distributed system needs a Phase Reference Line (PRL) signal from which to define phases of a cavity field measurement. The LCLS-II PRL system at SLAC provides bidirectional (forward and reverse) phase references at 1300 MHz to each rack of the LLRF system. The PRL controller embedded with the Master Oscillator (MO) locks the average phase of the two directions to the MO itself. Phase-averaging tracking loop is applied in firmware which supports the feature of cancelling the phase drift caused by changes in PRL cable length. FPGA logic moves the phase of digital LO to get zero average phase of the two PRL signals. This same LO is used for processing cavity pickup signals, thus establishing a stable reference phase for critical cavity RF measurements. At low frequencies, open-loop PRL noise relative to the LO distribution includes a strong environment and 1 / 𝑓 components, but the closed-loop noise approaches the noise floor of the DSP. The implication is that the close-in phase noise of the cavities will be dominated by the chassis DAQ noise. The final out-of-loop phase noise relevant to machine operations is that of the cavity field relative to the beam.
Y-chromosome haplotypes drive variation in size and age at maturity in male Chinook salmon

Variation in size and age at maturity is an important component of life history in salmon that is influenced both by environmental and genetic factors. Large size confers a direct reproductive advantage through increased fecundity and egg quality in females, while larger males gain a reproductive advantage by monopolizing access to females. In addition, variation in size and age at maturity in males can be associated with different reproductive strategies; younger smaller males may gain reproductive success by sneaking in among mating pairs. In both sexes there is a trade-off between older age and increased reproductive success and increased risk of mortality by delaying reproduction. We used RADseq data for 21 populations of Alaska Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and identified four Y-chromosome haplotypes that showed regional and population-specific variation in frequency. These haplotypes exhibited associations with size at maturity in multiple populations suggesting that the lack of recombination between X and Y-chromosomes have allowed Y-chromosome haplotypes to capture different alleles that influence size at maturity. Ultimately, conservation of life history diversity in Chinook salmon may require conservation of Y-chromosome haplotype diversity.
Aquatic biodiversity enhances multiple nutritional benefits to humans

Significance Food security is not simply about maintaining yields, but it is also about the need for a stable supply of nutritionally diverse foods. Obtaining nutritious food is a major challenge facing humanity, and diverse aquatic ecosystems can help meet this goal. To test how aquatic biodiversity affects human health, we assembled a dataset of nutrients, contaminants, and ecological traits of 801 aquatic species. We used ecological models to quantify the role of species richness and ecological functional diversity and found that these biodiversity dimensions enhanced seafood micronutrient and fatty acid provisioning by the same mechanisms that link biodiversity to productivity in grasslands, forests, and other systems. Our results underscore the need to minimize aquatic biodiversity loss to sustain and improve human well-being. Humanity depends on biodiversity for health, well-being, and a stable environment. As biodiversity change accelerates, we are still discovering the full range of consequences for human health and well-being. Here, we test the hypothesis—derived from biodiversity–ecosystem functioning theory—that species richness and ecological functional diversity allow seafood diets to fulfill multiple nutritional requirements, a condition necessary for human health. We analyzed a newly synthesized dataset of 7,245 observations of nutrient and contaminant concentrations in 801 aquatic animal taxa and found that species with different ecological traits have distinct and complementary micronutrient profiles but little difference in protein content. The same complementarity mechanisms that generate positive biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning in terrestrial ecosystems also operate in seafood assemblages, allowing more diverse diets to yield increased nutritional benefits independent of total biomass consumed. Notably, nutritional metrics that capture multiple micronutrients and fatty acids essential for human well-being depend more strongly on biodiversity than common ecological measures of function such as productivity, typically reported for grasslands and forests. Furthermore, we found that increasing species richness did not increase the amount of protein in seafood diets and also increased concentrations of toxic metal contaminants in the diet. Seafood-derived micronutrients and fatty acids are important for human health and are a pillar of global food and nutrition security. By drawing upon biodiversity–ecosystem functioning theory, we demonstrate that ecological concepts of biodiversity can deepen our understanding of nature’s benefits to people and unite sustainability goals for biodiversity and human well-being.
Investigating the effects of monosodium glutamate usingzebrafish as an animal model

The main goal of the food industry is to provide consumers with fresh, well-preserved, and palatable food. In the early 20th century, the food industry was blooming. Yet, many were battling to conserve the taste of packed and processed food. MSG came as a perfect solution. Today, it stands as the most commonly used flavor enhancer in the food industry. Yet, concerns were raised after several incidences of Chinese restaurant syndrome (CRS) emerged. To investigate this issue, many short-term human trials and animal studies were conducted. The data obtained were ambiguous, inconclusive, and sometimes irrelevant to the human level of consumption. In this study, we used zebrafish as an animal model to investigate the effect of MSG on development, behavior, and oxidative stress. Embryos were treated with food-grade MSG for 4 days with concentrations varying from 50 to 50,000mg/L at two different developmental periods.MSG induced growth retardation, mortality, and delayed hatching when exposed in the cleavage period at a higher concentration. No change in thigmotaxis and oxidative stress were observed in the 3dpf larvae treated with 500mg/L of MSG. Our study strongly supports the harmful effect of MSG during early period of development when consumed in higher concentration. Thus, we suggest exercising caution in the consumption of MSG, especially in children.
A globally calibrated scheme for generating daily meteorology from monthly statistics: Global-WGEN (GWGEN) v1.0

Abstract. While a wide range of Earth system processes occur at daily and even subdaily timescales, many global vegetation and other terrestrial dynamics models historically used monthly meteorological forcing both to reduce computational demand and because global datasets were lacking. Recently, dynamic land surface modeling has moved towards resolving daily and subdaily processes, and global datasets containing daily and subdaily meteorology have become available. These meteorological datasets, however, cover only the instrumental era of the last approximately 120 years at best, are subject to considerable uncertainty, and represent extremely large data files with associated computational costs of data input/output and file transfer. For periods before the recent past or in the future, global meteorological forcing can be provided by climate model output, but the quality of these data at high temporal resolution is low, particularly for daily precipitation frequency and amount. Here, we present GWGEN, a globally applicable statistical weather generator for the temporal downscaling of monthly climatology to daily meteorology. Our weather generator is parameterized using a global meteorological database and simulates daily values of five common variables: minimum and maximum temperature, precipitation, cloud cover, and wind speed. GWGEN is lightweight, modular, and requires a minimal set of monthly mean variables as input. The weather generator may be used in a range of applications, for example, in global vegetation, crop, soil erosion, or hydrological models. While GWGEN does not currently perform spatially autocorrelated multi-point downscaling of daily weather, this additional functionality could be implemented in future versions.
Lossless compression technique of pipeline leakage signal

To meet the requirements of real-time mass data storage under the constraint conditions of space and hardware performance in pipeline detection system,the optimum data compression ratio of compression algorithm was given through predictor and Rice coding,and a kind of compression algorithm of real-time lossless compression was also realized according to the feature of pipeline leakage signal as well as the system itself.The compression algorithm is suitable for pipeline leakage signal and mean predictor under the condition of pipe leakage detection positioning system as well as context-based Rice coding,and the coding can be achieved in the course of data collection.Experimental results show that the mean predictor is able to reduce data correlation and information entropy of pipeline leakage signal effectively,and the algorithm is validity and practicability.The combination of predictor and context-based Rice coding can satisfy the special requirements of pipeline leakage data compression.
Nicotinamide riboside augments the human skeletal muscle NAD+ metabolome and induces transcriptomic and anti-inflammatory signatures in aged subjects: a placebo-controlled, randomized trial

NAD+ is modulated by conditions of metabolic stress and has been reported to decline with aging, but human data are sparse. Nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation ameliorates metabolic dysfunction in rodents. We aimed to establish whether oral NR supplementation in aged participants can increase the skeletal muscle NAD+ metabolome, and questioned if tissue NAD+ levels are depressed with aging. We supplemented 12 aged men with NR 1g per day for 21-days in a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. Targeted metabolomics showed that NR elevated the muscle NAD+ metabolome, evident by increased nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide clearance products. Muscle RNA sequencing revealed NR-mediated downregulation of energy metabolism and mitochondria pathways. NR also depressed levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines. In an additional study, 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based NAD+ measurement in muscle and brain showed no difference between young and aged individuals. Our data establish that oral NR is available to aged human muscle and identify anti-inflammatory effects of NR, while suggesting that NAD+ decline is not associated with chronological aging per se in human muscle or brain.
Specific oligodendrocyte populations have differential spatial distribution and susceptibility to injury

1 Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden 2 Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Clifford Allbutt Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK. 3 Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. 4 Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm node, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
Predicting Meridian in Chinese traditional medicine using machine learning approaches

Plant-derived nature products, known as herb formulas, have been commonly used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for disease prevention and treatment. The herbs have been traditionally classified into different categories according to the TCM Organ systems known as Meridians. Despite the increasing knowledge on the active components of the herbs, the rationale of Meridian classification remains poorly understood. In this study, we took a machine learning approach to explore the classification of Meridian. We determined the molecule features for 646 herbs and their active components including structure-based fingerprints and ADME properties (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion), and found that the Meridian can be predicted by machine learning approaches with a top accuracy of 0.83. We also identified the top compound features that were important for the Meridian prediction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that molecular properties of the herb compounds are associated with the TCM Meridians. Taken together, the machine learning approach may provide novel insights for the understanding of molecular evidence of Meridians in TCM. Author Summary In East Asia, plant-derived natural products, known as herb formulas, have been commonly used as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for disease prevention and treatment. According to the theory of TCM, herbs can be classified as different Meridians according to the balance of Yin and Yang, which are commonly understood as metaphysical concepts. Therefore, the scientific rational of Meridian classification remains poorly understood. The aim of our study was to provide a computational means to understand the classification of Meridians. We showed that the Meridians of herbs can be predicted by the molecular and chemical features of the ingredient compounds, suggesting that the Meridians indeed are associated with the properties of the compounds. Our work provided a novel chemoinformatics approach which may lead to a more systematic strategy to identify the mechanisms of action and active compounds for TCM herbs.
The Avifauna of the Rio Branco, an Amazonian evolutionary and ecological hotspot in peril

Summary The Rio Branco is a river with unique biogeographic and ecological features, threatened by the Brazilian Government’s plan to build a major hydroelectric dam and associated hydroway along its course. The river crosses one of Amazonia’s largest rainfall gradients and a major geomorphological boundary along a savanna/forest ecotone, marked by the Bem Querer rapids. Above the rapids, the upper Rio Branco runs through the Boa Vista sedimentary formation and crosses the crystalline rocks of the Guiana Shield, and its margins are flanked by gallery forests. Downriver, it runs through a low-lying sedimentary basin, with Amazonian floodplain forests along its margins. Here, we present the results of ∼ 15 years of ornithological research on the Branco and its major tributaries, providing baseline data and evaluating potential threats to the riverine avifauna. Our surveys included opportunistic observations and standardized surveys along the entire length of the river in 16 systematically distributed localities. We catalogued 439 bird species, 87% of which are documented by physical evidence (specimens, recordings, photographs). Forty-six percent are restricted to single habitats, suggesting a high degree of habitat specialisation. A third of the species are widely distributed along the river, whereas 45% are restricted to either the upper or the lower Rio Branco, including 40 and 30 Indicator Species, respectively. Twenty-five species are threatened at global or national levels, including two ‘Critically Endangered’, nine ‘Vulnerable’, and 14 ‘Near Threatened’. We present a list of 50 bird species that are candidates for monitoring studies. Threats to the avifauna from dam construction include permanent flooding above the dam, eliminating gallery forests, river islands, and sandy beaches, and the disruption of the flood pulse along the river, affecting river island and floodplain forest specialists, many of which are globally threatened with extinction. If built, the Bem Querer dam will wipe out the ecotone region and affect dramatically the river’s avifauna.
Host-based genetic divergence in populations of an exotic spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

The morphology, physiology, behaviour and ecology of spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on different host plants differ greatly. The genetic differences between the A. dispersus populations on 17 host plants were evaluated in the current study. Microsatellite markers were used to identify the presence of host-related genetic variation among A. dispersus populations. Our research clearly shows that there is a significant amount of genetic divergence among the A. dispersus populations on 17 host plants in India. The spiralling whitefly on acalypha and calotropis were genetically more distinct than whiteflies on other host plants. Various population genetic parameters, like heterozygosity, Nei's genetic distance, fixation indices (FST), source of genetic variation in AMOVA, etc. indicate that populations of spiralling whiteflies differ greatly genetically, probably because the spiralling whitefly populations on the Indian sub-continent came from multiple sources. The results of this study have implications for the quarantine protection strategy against this invasive pest.
SEASONALITY OF ANDROGENETIC RESPONSES IN THE ANTHER CULTURE in vitro IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

The conditions for growing donor plants in androgegesis in vitro are considered from the point of view of the influence of physical factors on the plants (illumination, length of daylight, temperature, nutrition of plants). A priori it is believed that any period of the year (season) is suitable for plant tissue culture in vitro, and this is the main advantage of in vitro technologies compared to traditional ones. Seasonality is taken into account only when comparing donor plants grown in the field and under controlled conditions. However, we have not found reports on the study of using procedure of anther in vitro culture throughout the year. This paper is the first to show that, under uniform conditions of donor plants growing, the frequency of callus formation and regeneration of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plants from anthers in vitro culture differs depending on the month (season) when explants were collected. The aim of the studies to study the seasonal dependence of in vitro androgenetic responses of O. sativa when growing donor plants in a climatic chamber condi- tions. The 5-9 plants of O. sativa subsp. japonica Kato, the Cascade variety, were planted monthly during a year and grown in a climatic chamber (at 24  С and 21  С, 15000 lux, 60 % humidity and photoperiod of 14 light/10 dark hours) to be the test anther donors. The anthers from naturally grown plants served as controls. As a result, the seasonal dependence of callus formation in the rice anther culture in vitro was revealed. The peak intensity of callus formation occurs in May and June (15.5-28.3 %). When growing donor plants under artificial conditions at both temperatures, in the best period for anther culture in vitro (May-June) callus formation was higher than in the control. chambers may serve not only for growing donor plants by researchers, but also for practical use of the most favorable periods for anthers culture technique.
Evaluation of the anthelmintic activity and toxicity of an aqueous extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides in goats

ABSTRACT. da Silva G.D. , Botura M.B. , de Lima H.G. , de Oliveira J.V. A. , Moreira E.L. T. , Santos F.O. , de Souza T.S. , de Almeida M.A.O. & Batatinha M.J.M. Evaluation of the anthelmintic activity and toxicity of an aqueous extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides in goats. [Avaliacao da atividade anti-helmintica e toxicidade do extrato aquoso de Chenopodium ambrosioides em caprinos. ] Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinaria, 38(Supl.1):156-162, 2016. Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ci- encia Animal nos Tropicos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Ademar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, BA 40170-110, Brasil. E-mail: mjmb@ufba.br The objective of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of an aqueous extract (AE) from Chenopodium ambrosioides on goat gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) and its toxic effects. The anthelmintic activity in vitro was investigated using the inhibition of egg hatching assay (EHA), while cytotoxicity on Vero cells was evaluated using the MTT test. In vivo, thirty goats that were naturally infected with GINs were divided into three groups: group I, treated with a daily dose of AE C. ambrosioides (700mg/kg) for eight days; group II (positive control), treated with a single dose of levamisole phosphate (6.3mg/kg); and Group III, untreated (negative control). Treatment efficacy was assessed on the basis of egg counts (FEC), faecal cultures and post-mortem worm burden counts. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed to detect toxic effects associated with treatment. In the EHA, the EC50 and EC90 corresponded to 1.6 and 1.9mg/mL, respectively. The AE promoted a slight reduction in cell viability in the cytotoxicity test. The AE reduced (p <0.05) the number of infective larvae of the genera Haemonchus and Oesophagostomum. The anthelmintic treatment of goats with AE C.ambrosioides resulted in moderate efficacy against infective larvae, but revealed neither ovicidal nor toxic activity towards adult nematodes. No toxic effects of this plant-derived treatment were observed in the animals.