Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modification of ship routing algorithms for the case of navigation in ice

Navigation in ice-covered waters has a number of specific features that distinguish it from the open water operation; they are the non-stationary ice conditions, ice channels on the fairways, and the additional opportunities such as the possibility to involve an icebreaker and change the mode of movement (sternor bow forward). All these features should be considered when solving the problem of ship route optimization in ice. In this paper, we propose the modifications of the well-known graph-based and cell-free (wave-based) mathematical methods of path finding to adapt them to the problem of route optimization in dynamic ice conditions considering all above-mentioned features. We formulated the versatile cost function that involves such factors as the total voyage time, fuel consumption, freight rates of ships and risks of ice operation. The optimization task is set in such a way to allow finding the route segments where the icebreaker assistance is economically proven and optimize the sailing mode of double-acting ships. We also proposed the original and computationally efficient algorithm to reduce the number of points in a wavefront based on the Concave Hull method (for the wave-based approach). The strengths and weakness of the proposed methods are demonstrated using the specially developed research software where we compare various approaches under the same input datasets.
An analytical study of easterly waves over southern peninsular India during the northeast monsoon 2010

Easterly wave characteristics over southern peninsular India during the northeast monsoon season of 2010 are examined by means of synergetic analysis involving synoptic, statistical and numerical methods. NCEP 6-hourly reanalysis datasets of zonal and meridional winds, vertical velocity, temperature and net long wave radiation at 2.5° × 2.5° grid resolution for the period 20th October to 31st December, 2010 form the main database for the analysis. During this period, 3 easterly waves could be identified to have passed over this region and the time period of these waves are determined to be 4.2 days (4.5 days) by statistical methods (synoptic methods). The speed of movement, wavelength and amplitude of the waves are determined to be 7.28 ms-1, 2800 km and 6.7 ms-1 respectively. While rising motion is observed at most of the tropospheric levels over and behind the trough, subsidence occurs ahead of the trough. Divergence is noted over and behind the trough at upper troposphere while convergence occurs in the lower to mid-troposphere. Concomitantly warming is noted ahead of the trough while colder anomalies are noted in the lower levels over and behind the trough.
Educational design research in collaboration with students : using digital tools to learn about reindeer herding within a vocational Sámi pedagogical context

This article aims to develop and update a reindeer herding study programme in a vocational school in Lapland, Finland in cooperation with the teachers and students. The possibilities for developing motivating learning environments are investigated in the context of reindeer herding, with the ultimate objective being to enhance student interest in their studies and working life through the use of digital technologies. Educational design research is optimal because it is founded upon the needs and challenges of education providers, and solutions can be developed through cyclical processes involving reindeer herding study programme students. Data were collected through focus group interviews. During the development process, particular attention was given to indigenous Sámi pedagogy to consider the students’ sociocultural backgrounds and the ecocultural learning environment. The Triple E framework (Kolb, 2017) is applied to analyse the results in terms of how technology (a) motivates students to actively engage in learning, (b) enhances and builds upon their learning and (c) extends and bridges learning to students’ everyday lives and working lives. Based on the results, we created a model of vocational Sámi pedagogy that highlights a working-life connection, sustainable ecocultural context, motivation and meaningful digital solutions.
An Incremental Gradient Method for Large-scale Distributed Nonlinearly Constrained Optimization

Motivated by applications arising from sensor networks and machine learning, we consider the problem of minimizing a finite sum of nondifferentiable convex functions where each component function is associated with an agent and a hard-to-project constraint set. Among well-known avenues to address finite sum problems is the class of incremental gradient (IG) methods where a single component function is selected at each iteration in a cyclic or randomized manner. When the problem is constrained, the existing IG schemes (including projected IG, proximal IAG, and SAGA) require a projection step onto the feasible set at each iteration. Consequently, the performance of these schemes is afflicted with costly projections when the problem includes: (1) nonlinear constraints, or (2) a large number of linear constraints. Our focus in this paper lies in addressing both of these challenges. We develop an algorithm called averaged iteratively regularized incremental gradient (aIR-IG) that does not involve any hard-to-project computation. Under mild assumptions, we derive non-asymptotic rates of convergence for both suboptimality and infeasibility metrics. Numerically, we show that the proposed scheme outperforms the standard projected IG methods on distributed soft-margin support vector machine problems.
WESTERN REGION TECHNICAL ATTACHMENT NO. 98-15 APRIL 14, 1998 THE OBSERVATION OF A SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM OVER HIGH TERRAIN IN NORTHERN ARIZONA

Radar data collected on 2 September 1996 documented the occurrence of a possible supercell thunderstorm over the high terrain of northern Arizona. The environmental conditions shown by the modified sounding, 35 km from the thunderstorm location, revealed a CAPE of 1386 J kg-• The observed storm motion to the west at 20 m sresulted in a storm-relative helicity in the 0-3 km layer of 344 m s• Several reflectivity and velocity signatures typically associated with supercells were observed in this storm. Doppler storm-relative velocity data showed a deep mesocyclone lasting for over 90 minutes. Reflectivity data showed a low-level hook echo, updraft overhang and a mid-level "v-notch" located downstream from the updraft. The storm's orientation and movement differed significantly from typical supercell thunderstorms observed across the Great Plains, however, the storm motion was found to be to the right of the mean wind shear vector. Due to the complex terrain and the distance of the radar to the thunderstorm, however, it is not conclusive whether the internal storm dynamics or external influences contributed to the rightward propagation of this storm. This Technical Attachment (TA) describes one ofthefirstsupercell thunderstorms documented in the complex high terrain of Arizona.
APIMigrator: An API-Usage Migration Tool for Android Apps*

To provide their functionality, mobile apps interact extensively with the application programming interface (API) of the underlying operating system. Given that this API evolves frequently, app developers are periodically required to migrate API usages in their apps to ensure that the apps behave as expected when running on the new API. To help developers with this tedious, error-prone, and time-consuming task, we defined a technique for automated API migration and implemented it in a tool called APIMigrator that supports Android apps. APIMigrator (1) automatically migrates API usages within an app by leveraging how developers of other apps migrated corresponding API usages and (2) validates the migrations through differential testing. We evaluated APIMigrator on a benchmark of 15 real-world apps and obtained promising results. Overall, our tool was able to migrate 85% of the API usages considered and validate 68% of these migrations. We provide a demo video of the tool at https://youtu.be/v0VfpKi_IDc.
Equivariant KK-Theory and the Continuous Rokhlin Property

We introduce and study the continuous Rokhlin property for actions of compact groups on $C^*$-algebras. An important technical result is a characterization of the continuous Rokhlin property in terms of asymptotic retracts. As a consequence, we derive strong $KK$-theoretical obstructions to the continuous Rokhlin property. Using these, we show that the Universal Coefficient Theorem (UCT) is preserved under formation of crossed products and passage to fixed point algebras by such actions, even in the absence of nuclearity. Our analysis of the $KK$-theory of the crossed product allows us to prove a ${{\mathbb {T}}}$-equivariant version of Kirchberg–Phillips: two circle actions with the continuous Rokhlin property on Kirchberg algebras are conjugate whenever they are $KK^{{{\mathbb {T}}}}$-equivalent. In the presence of the UCT, this is equivalent to having isomorphic equivariant $K$-theory. We moreover characterize the $KK^{{{\mathbb {T}}}}$-theoretical invariants that arise in this way. Finally, we identify a $KK^{{{\mathbb {T}}}}$-theoretic obstruction to the continuous property, which is shown to be the only obstruction in the setting of Kirchberg algebras. We show by means of explicit examples that the Rokhlin property is strictly weaker than the continuous Rokhlin property.
Evading Voltage-Based Intrusion Detection on Automotive CAN

—The controller area network (CAN) is widely adopted in modern automobiles to enable communications among in-vehicle electronic control units (ECUs). Lacking mainstream network security capabilities due to resource constraints, the CAN is susceptible to the ECU masquerade attack in which a compromised (attacker) ECU impersonates an uncompromised (victim) ECU and spoofs the latter’s CAN messages. A cost-effective state-of-the-art defense against such attacks is the CAN bus voltage-based intrusion detection system (VIDS), which identiﬁes the source of each message using its voltage ﬁngerprint on the bus. Since the voltage ﬁngerprint emanates from an ECU’s hardware characteristics, an attacker ECU by itself cannot controllably modify it. As such, VIDS has been proved effective in detecting masquerade attacks that each involve a single attacker. In this paper, we discover a novel voltage corruption tactic that leverages the capabilities of two compromised ECUs (i.e., an attacker ECU working in tandem with an accomplice ECU) to corrupt the bus voltages recorded by the VIDS. By exploiting this tactic along with the fundamental deﬁciencies of the CAN protocol, we propose a novel masquerade attack called D UET , which evades all existing VIDS irrespective of the features and classiﬁcation algorithms employed in them. D UET follows a two-stage attack strategy to ﬁrst manipulate a victim ECU’s voltage ﬁngerprint during VIDS retraining mode, and then impersonate the manipulated ﬁngerprint during VIDS operation mode. Our evaluation of D UET on real CAN buses (including three in two real cars) demonstrates an impersonation success rate of at least 90% in evading two state-of-the-art VIDS
Virulent Gene Characterization of Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Bovine Mastitis

Staphylococcus aureus present worldwide is a gram positive coccus, facultative anaerobe habitually positive for catalase and nitrate reduction and is coagulase variable which can be positive or negative. This organism can get transmitted from animals to humans through contamination of skin lesions while in contact with the affected animals, other possible vehicle including milkers hand and milking equipment is responsible for transmission of organism between animals. Due to its virulence factors like hyluronidase, protease, lipase, nuclease; coagulase; Clumping factors (Clf A); fibrinogen binding proteins (Fnbp A); Protein A; Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL); Staphylococcal Enterotoxin (SE) A to International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 6 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Edge-Enhanced Graph Convolution Networks for Event Detection with Syntactic Relation

Event detection (ED), a key subtask of information extraction, aims to recognize instances of specific event types in text. Previous studies on the task have verified the effectiveness of integrating syntactic dependency into graph convolutional networks. However, these methods usually ignore dependency label information, which conveys rich and useful linguistic knowledge for ED. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture named Edge-Enhanced Graph Convolution Networks (EE-GCN), which simultaneously exploits syntactic structure and typed dependency label information to perform ED. Specifically, an edge-aware node update module is designed to generate expressive word representations by aggregating syntactically-connected words through specific dependency types. Furthermore, to fully explore clues hidden from dependency edges, a node-aware edge update module is introduced, which refines the relation representations with contextual information.These two modules are complementary to each other and work in a mutual promotion way. We conduct experiments on the widely used ACE2005 dataset and the results show significant improvement over competitive baseline methods.
Transfer Learning in a Jigsaw Puzzle-like Image Similarity Task

Transfer learning takes advantage of previously learned models to expedite the training of related tasks. We applied the concept of transfer learning to a pair of neural networks. The ﬁrst network uses convolution and pooling layers to extract features from images. The second network uses the features discovered by the ﬁrst network to classify whether pairs of puzzle piece images derived from the original images ﬁt together. To assist in this diﬃcult task, the second network is also trained on two auxiliary tasks: if the puzzle pairs shapes ﬁt together and if the two puzzles are of the same image. The results of our network demonstrate that transfer learning can be a promising tool for image classiﬁcation.
A Comparison of Services for Intent and Entity Recognition for Conversational Recommender Systems

Conversational Recommender Systems (CoRSs) are becoming increasingly popular. However, designing and developing a CoRS is a challenging task since it requires multi-disciplinary skills. Even though several third-party services are available for supporting the creation of a CoRS, a comparative study of these platforms for the speciﬁc recommendation task is not available yet. In this work, we focus our attention on two crucial steps of the Conversational Recommendation (CoR) process, namely Intent and Entity Recognition. We compared four of the most popular services, both commercial and open source. Furthermore, we proposed two custom-made solutions for Entity Recognition, whose aim is to overcome the limitations of the other services. Results are very interesting and give a clear picture of the strengths and weaknesses of each solution
Joint Training of Guided Learning and Mean Teacher Models for Sound Event Detection

In this paper, we present our system of sound event detection and separation in domestic environments for DCASE 2020. The task aims to determine which sound events appear in a clip and the detailed temporal ranges they occupy. The system is trained by using weakly-labeled and unlabeled real data and synthetic data with strongly annotated labels. Our proposed model structure includes a feature-level front-end based on convolution neural networks (CNN), followed by both embedding-level and instance-level back-end attention modules. In order to make full use of the large amount of unlabeled data, we jointly adopt the Guided Learning and Mean Teacher approaches to carry out weakly-supervised learning and semi-supervised learning. In addition, a set of adaptive median windows for individual sound events is used to smooth the frame-level predictions in post-processing. In the public evaluation set of DCASE 2019, the best event-based F 1 -score achieved by our sys-tem is 48.50%, which is a relative improvement of 27.16% over the ofﬁcial baseline (38.14%). In addition, in the development set of DCASE 2020, our best system also achieves a relative improvement of 32.91% over the baseline (45.68% vs. 34.37%).
Swimming, Diving and Lactate Production of the Marine Iguana, Amblyrhynchus cristatus

The swimming and diving performance of hatchling, juvenile and adult marine iguanas, and the effects of these activities on blood lactate in juveniles were studied under field conditions at Academy Bay, on Isla Santa Cruz, in the Galapagos Islands. By appropriate selection of microclimate, all size classes of marine iguanas maintain body temperatures between 35 and 37 C during the hours of daylight. Despite strong sexual dimorphism no pronounced allometry in body proportions occurs during growth. Newly hatched young are effective swimmers but do not voluntarily enter the water. They feed on algae exposed in the intertidal. Juvenile animals confine their aquatic activity to shallow water and feed mostly in the intertidal zone. Adults also feed in the intertidal but do much of their feeding underwater in subtidal areas.
Nutritional composition, functional properties and sensory evaluation of breads based on blends of orarudi (Vigna sp) and wheat flour

The proximate composition, functional and physical properties, as well as sensory evaluation of breads based on blends of wheat and ‘orarudi’ (Vigna sp) flour were investigated. Batches of ‘orarudi’ (Vigna sp) were separately put in a container and subjected to natural lactic acid fermentation in deionized water in a ratio of 1:3 (w/v) at 28 ± 2°C for 24 h. The fermented samples were manually dehulled and the cotyledons dried at 55 ± 2°C in a drought air oven, hammer milled into flour (500 µm mesh screen) and stored in a refrigerator (5 ± 2°C). The blends were formulated thus, the ‘orarudi’ flour (ORF) substituted 5, 10, 15, and 20% wheat flour (WF). The 100% WF served as the control. The parameters investigated were evaluated using standard methods. The data obtained were statistically analyzed. The results showed that fermentation and food supplementation enhanced both the proximate, minerals and vitamin contents of the experimental breads. The physical parameters indicated that fermentation and type of supplements had negative effect on the test breads relative to the control. The results revealed that the experimental breads had higher nutrient quality than the 100% wheat bread, probably due . to food-to-food fortification/supplementation. Key words: Nutritional composition, functional properties, breads, composites, fermentation, nutrient quality.
Evaluation of reed biomass use for manufacturing products , taking into account environmental protection requirements

In many countries reed is considered as invasive or unnecessary plant, because it is spreading rapidly, causing decrease in biodiversity and creating unacceptable living conditions for many bird species in their natural habitats. Due to environmental considerations it is necessary to cut reed, to decrease their over exceeding growth. Reed burning or leaving for decomposition on fields, that has been practiced until now, creates additional carbon dioxide air pollution. Therefore, the question on what to do with cut reed has become vital from environmental protection perspective. In addition, this question applies to bioeconomy principles in compliance with their use in national economy, which makes it clear, that solutions for the use of reed biomass for production have to be found. But any production process can leave a negative effect on surrounding environment. Further to product production, economic motivation, possible market and availability of resources are primarily essential to see whether it is worth to produce the product at all. Therefore, reed biomass use possibilities in production have to be analysed as a complex question, taking into account environmental and climate, economic and technological aspects. In this study, solutions to perspective reed biomass use are evaluated, considering environmental protection requirements. For this task, multi-criteria analysis method TOPSIS is used, which includes 11 environmental and climate, economic and technological criteria. Evaluation includes both already existing and new products that are divided in 3 sectors: power industry, construction and other products. Results of the research clearly state, which of reed biomass made products are perspective, taking into account not only traditional economic and technological aspects, but also environmental and climate aspects.
Dynamics of plankton growth in the Barents Sea : model studies

1-D and 3-D models of plankton production in the Barents Sea are described and a few simulations presented. The 1-D model has two compartments for phytoplankton (diatoms and P. pouchelii), three for limiting nutrients (nitrate, ammonia and silicic acid), and one compartment called “sinking phytoplankton”. This model is coupled to a submodel of the important herbivores in the area and calculates the vertical distribution in a water column. Simulations with the 3-D model indicate a total annual primary production of 90-120g C m? 2 yr? 1 in Atlantic Water and 20-50g C m? 2 yr? 1 in Arctic Water, depending on the persistence of the ice cover during the summer. The 3-D model takes current velocities, vertical mixing, ice cover, and temperature from a 3-D hydrodynamical model. Input data are atmospheric wind, solar radiation, and sensible as well as latent heat flux for the year 1983. The model produces a dynamic picture of the spatial distribution of phytoplankton throughout the spring and summer. Integrated primary production from March to July indicates that the most productive area is Spitsbcrgenbanken and the western entrance to the Barents Sea. i.e. on the northern slope of Tromsoflaket.
The Traetment of Congenital Bilateral Lateral Patellar Luxation Seen in Calves by Transposition of Partial Patellar Tendon and M. Vastus Lateralis

Bu çal şmada, buzağ larda görülen kongenital bilateral lateral patellar luksasyon (CBLPL)’un operatif sağalt m için geliştirilen yöntem ve sonuçlar sunulmuştur. Çal şma materyalini değişik rk ve cinsiyette 8 buzağ ya ait 16 genu eklemi oluşturdu. Lumbosakral spinal anestezi alt nda median parapatellar bir deri ensizyonuyla femurun distal 1/4’ü aç ğa ç kart ld . Medial femoropatellar ligamentin femura yap şma yerinin üst k sm nda femura enlemesine bir tünel aç ld . Patellar ligamentin medial 1/3’ü, tibiaya yap şma noktas ndan serbestleştirilerek patellaya kadar ensize edilmek suretiyle bir şerit elde edildi (yaklaş k 6 cm uzunluk ve 4 mm genişlikte). M. vastus lateralis’te, patellaya yap şma yerinden başlanarak proksimale doğru uzanan ve patellar ligamenttekine özdeş ikinci bir şerit daha oluşturuldu. Şeritlere locking loop dikişi uygulad ktan sonra ipliklerin serbest uçlar bir rehber dril yard m yla femurdaki tünelden geçirilerek karş taraftan ç kar ld . İplikler gerdirilerek elde edilen her iki doku band n n bir k sm n n tünelin içine girmesi sağlanarak patella sulcus trochlearis’e yerleştirildi ve ekleme uygun pozisyon verilerek ipliklerin serbest uçlar yumuşak dokulardan geçirilerek düğümlendi. Operasyon aç kl ğ rutin olarak kapat ld . Tüm olgular n k sa sürede normal fonksiyonlar na kavuştuğu gözlendi ve sonraki dönemlerde herhangi bir komplikasyonla karş laş lmad . Tan mlanan tekniğin, buzağ larda patellar luksasyonlar n redüksiyon ve stabilizasyonunda başar yla uygulanabileceği sonucuna var ld .