Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Hash Based Visual Cryptography Scheme for Image Authentication

— In this paper we have proposed a Hash based visual cryptography scheme for image authentication. The secret image to be transmitted is encoded into two shadow images called user share and key share. The Hash cryptographic algorithm is applied on each share, and the resultant Hash codes are concatenated with the shares, and sent to communication participants. The same Hash is used to verify the sender at the receiving end. Then the shares are stacked together to recover the original secret image. From the results obtained in our analysis, we conclude that the proposed scheme provides not only confidentiality but also image authentication.
Chemomechanical Caries Removal: A Conservative and Pain-Free Approach

With the increasing trend and need for preserving natural tooth structure while providing a patient friendly environment, Minimal Intervention Dentistry is of great eminence in today’s scenario [1]. One of the techniques includes Chemomechanical Caries Removal. As the name suggests, Chemomechanical Caries Removal involves the application of a chemical solution to the carious dentine followed by gentle removal with hand instruments. It has seen to be very efficient in its caries removal effectiveness while maintaining its minimal invasive potential. It is based on biological principles which involves removal of only the infected dentine while retaining the affected dentin [2]. The chemical agents used can be broadly classified into sodium hypochlorite based agents and enzymatic agents.
Moving Object Detection in Compressed Domain of HEVC for Video Surveillance

-Detection of the moving objects has many important applications, such as identify abnormal events in the traffic like traffic accidents, monitor activity in public areas, businesses or commercial buildings for real-time or later review. In this work an approach to detect the moving object in compressed domain HEVC is discussed which is used in video surveillance system. Because High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) has a large potential to identify events by reusing coding structures in HEVC, which saves vast extent of computational resources. Here the feature Motion Intensity Count (MIC) makes use of motion vector, coding unit and prediction unit of HEVC. By calculating MIC we can predict imprecise the moving objects, then by applying Adaptive Otsu thresholding only on the Largest coding unit (LCU) whose difference in MIC value is greater than zero to get actual segmented output.
N-ary Relation Approach for Open Domain Question Answering System Based on Information Extraction through World Wide Web

— In this paper, we have presented n-ary relation based open domain question answering system for Extraction Information from an oversized assortment of document against arbitrary questions. We proposed two algorithms to extract entity and relationship from string and to extract answer for queried question. Our proposed algorithm works on both online and offline mode with greater accuracy
A Review on Fake Currency Detection Techniques

Coins and note currency are widely used in our daily life such as vending machines, parking meters, telephone booths and so on. In addition to being used as currency, people enjoy collecting coins and notes as they usually have artistic value and can give a vivid insight to the social life in history. However, in recent years, a lot of illegal counterfeiting rings manufacture and sell fake coins and at the same time fake note currency is printed as well, which have caused great loss and damage to the society. Thus it is imperative to be able to detect fake currency. In this paper we have reviewed different techniques and work done by authors in this domain of fake currency detection.
Analysis of Speech Recognition Models for Real Time Captioning and Post Lecture Transcription

Today attempts are made to improve human machine interaction. Automatic speech recognition is widely used for helping hearing impaired and elderly people so that they can watch television shows more effectively. Speech recognition is also known as Automated Speech Recognition (ASR). Different models used for speech recognition include hidden markovian model, dynamic time warping, artificial neural network and acoustic phone model. The two methods of SRmLA i. e. RTC and PLT were beneficial in its own ways. The later method was found to be more advantages in terms of word recognition. Full accessibility for persons who are deaf and hard of hearing requires easy-to-use and pervasive conversion methods for audio information both in academic environments and the workplace. Transcription of audio materials provides one method to solve this access problem.
Who Will Stay and Who Will Go? A Review of Older Adults’ Adherence to Randomized Controlled Trials of Exercise

This study examined exercise-adherence rates and their predictors across 21 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving older adults (age ≥ 55 years). On average, participants completed 78% of their prescribed exercise bouts. Adherence tended to be greater in strength- and flexibility-exercise training programs (M = 87%) than in aerobic-exercise training programs (M = 75%). The best adherers were individuals who were fitter at baseline, had a history of a physically active lifestyle, were nonsmokers, and had higher exercise self-efficacy. Different variables predicted adherence (a) at different time points in a RCT. (b) to different types of exercise, and (c) to different aspects of the exercise prescription (i.e., frequency, intensity, and duration). The findings suggest that older adults might be more adherent to exercise prescriptions than younger adults are. There is also a need for more theory-based research to examine predictors of adherence to various aspects of the exercise prescription.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PARALLEL K MEANS AND PARALLEL FUZZY C MEANS CLUSTER ALGORITHMS

: In this paper, we give a short review of recent developments in clustering. Clustering is the process of grouping of data, where the grouping is established by finding similarities between data based on their characteristics. Such groups are termed as Clusters. Clustering is a procedure to organizing the objects into groups or clustered together, based on the principle of maximizing the intra-class similarity and minimizing the inter class similarity. A comparative study of clustering algorithms across two different data tests is performed here. The performance of the Parallel k means and parallel fuzzy c means clustering algorithms is compared based upon two metrics. One is an evaluation based on the execution time and the other is on classification error percentage and efficiency. After the experiment on two different data sets, it is concluded that both the algorithms performed well but the computational time of parallel K means is comparatively better than the parallel FCM algorithm. In both sequential and parallel computing FCM performs well but in parallel processing the execution time is considerably decrease compared with Parallel K means.
Cooperative Communication MIMO For Wireless Communications

— In this paper, an energy-efficient cooperative MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) wireless communications system is proposed for distributed, energy-constrained, and cooperative WSNs (wireless sensor networks). Using the concept of cooperative MIMO communications, the energy efficiency and increased capacity of the MIMO system is achieved. The system and channel propagation parameters are most important factors which affects the efficiency of the proposed cooperative MIMO communications. A virtual MIMO system is formed by dynamically selecting the source node and cooperative nodes. The concept of virtual MIMO is used to provide significant energy and delay efficiencies with proper selection of system parameters. In order to increase the efficiency of the performance of the system we considered all these parameters and we use LCC (Least Channel Correlation) and MCG (Maximal Channel Gain) algorithms in order solve the optimization problem of the proposed scheme.
Security Threats and Countermeasures in Software Defined Networks

Summary Recently, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has been emerged as one of the promising research areas and may possibly act as one of the alternatives of traditional network paradigm. SDN provide valuable capabilities for efficient network management, programmability, control the network and elasticity. However, separating control and data plane expose the SDN to variety of security threats such as DoS attack, misbehavior attacks, man-in-middle, table and buffer overflow attacks. This paper presents the detailed analysis on security threats at each plane such as application, control and data planes thereby also provide countermeasures for various attacks. Moreover, this paper also highlights security challenges in pursuit of present and future directions in SDN.
More than Thousand Quantitative Wasteless Syntheses in 25 Reaction Types all Across Molecular Chemistry

Wasteless preparative molecular and ionic solid-state reactions (gas-solid and solid-solid) proceed rapidly, with definite completion, at decreased activation energy omitting catalysis and waste-producing chromatographic workup, when properly executed. They are unbeatably specific, scalable up to industrial production, and obtain otherwise not available compounds also directly pure. The already available more than thousand 100% yield reactions in 25 reaction types (not counting subdivisions) across molecular chemistry are unfortunately mostly not cited, discussed, or compared in the inferior publications that depart from the solid-state and discredit the field by extremely long milling times, unnecessary catalysis, incomplete reactions, low selectivity, chromatographic workup, etc. Thus, the lack of temperature control and/or the retrogressive adding of “a little solvent” for synthetic milling leads to melt reactions at rapidly increasing temperature (most severe with planetary mills), losing all the benefits of the molecular solid-state. It is recapitulated how the solid-state can be retained with simple means, how Schmidt’s topochemical hypothesis (“forbidding” these unbeatable solid-state syntheses) is overcome, and what the physical reasons are for long range anisotropic molecular migrations along crystallographic channels, cleavage planes, or to voids. It is again shown that local melting is not required. Staying below the lowest eutectic temperature is essential. The basic reasons and technical requirement for the wealth of thermodynamic controlled solid-state reactions (as opposed to counter-thermodynamic mechanochemistry) are summarized in this mini review with a short selection from the striking synthetic advancements to remind the mostly disregarded top of sustainability also against some habits with the 12 commandments of “green chemistry”. These do not require avoiding unnecessary catalysis (on the contrary) or solvents (“green solvents” are also deactivating), or to completely avoid (instead of “decrease”) dangerous wastes by solvent consuming chromatographic workup, etc. This holds for particularly easy gas-solid productions and to solid-solid reactions, where mills are presently often misused heating/melting devices.
Polyphenolics, Nutrients and Antioxidant Activity of Gaultheria Trichophyllaroyle: A High Value Wild Edible Plant of Trans Himalaya

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: GAE: Gallic Acid Equivalent; TAE: Tannic Acid Equivalent; QE: Quercetin Equivalent; AAE: Ascorbic Acid Equivalent; CN: Cyanidin 3-glucoside; ABTS: 2, 2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid); DPPH: 2, 2-diphenyl1-picryhydrazyl; FRAP: Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power; TPTZ: 2,4, 6-tri-2-pyridyl-1,3,5-triazin; FW: Fresh Weight
Performance Evaluation of Multi-channel Operation IEEE 1609.4 Based on Multi-hop Dissemination

Summary The Multichannel Operations IEEE 1609.4 is an emerging standard which support the co-existence of safety (CCH Channel) and non-safety (SCH Channel) message application in vehicular networks. This strictly concerns on the transmission slot synchronization of CCH/SCH based on Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) to achieve QoS requirements (i.e. to improve packet delivery ratio and reduce delay). In this paper, we study the performance of the IEEE 1069.4 based on multi-hop dissemination compared with the single-hop dissemination in vehicular network to get SCH and CCH channel performance. Our work also compared multi-hop with single-hop dissemination based on the performance based on the IEEE 802.11p Enhanced Distributed Channel Access Function (EDCA) standard in a vehicular environment to get packet delivery ratio performance in vehicular networks. On this work, we use ns 2.34 simulator to evaluate the performance of the IEEE 1609.4. From the simulation, it was found that the delay of Multi-channel Operations IEEE 1609.4 based on multi-hop dissemination has been degraded 42.77% compared with single-hop dissemination and the throughput is 65.72% better compared with single-hop dissemination. Based on IEEE 802.11p Enhanced Distributed Channel Access Function the standard in vehicular environment, we found that AC_VO (CWmin = 7 and CWmax = 15) is the highest performance based on multi-hop dissemination (i.e. the highest on queue priority scheduling and the better average of delay performance).
On the application of data mining algorithms for predicting student performance: a case study

Summary Data mining methods are often implemented at various sectors today for analyzing available data and extracting information and knowledge to support decision-making. Educational data mining is an emerging discipline, concerned with developing methods and algorithms that discover knowledge from data originating from educational environments. This paper study the application of data mining methods, namely classification and clustering, on undergraduate Information Technology student’s data in a blended-learning university. A classifier that implements a decision tree algorithm is used to predict student performance at the end of the program based on students' socio-demographic variables and achieved results from the first (i.e. preparatory) year of the study program. The classifier is also used to derive critical courses that can serve as indicators for students’ performance. A clustering algorithm, on the other hand, is applied for identifying the attributes of withdrawn students from this degree program. The results reveal the high potential of data mining applications in providing insights for students, academic advisors and university management, which can help in improving the quality of the educational processes and enhancing learning experience.
EFFECTIVENESS OF MIND MAPPING IN HIGHER EDUCATION

One of the main objectives of educators is to identifying inspiring and interactive approach to learning, and to encourage students to be more receptive and cooperative in the classroom. To help educators in achieving these goals we employed Visual learning techniques. Visual learning is a proven teaching method in which diagrams such as concept maps, mind maps, tree diagrams, organization charts and spider diagrams are used to help students of all ages think and learn more effectively. They are all used for storing, processing, organizing and presenting information graphically. These techniques are used across the curriculum and at all Key Stages in the UK. The most popular is Mind Mapping. Mind maps have been used in all facets of education, training and business. With the fundamental goal of fostering learning they have been shown to be an effective tool for displaying students’ prior knowledge, summarizing what has been learned, note taking, aiding study, planning, scaffolding for understanding, consolidating educational experiences, improving affective conditions for learning, teaching critical thinking, supporting cooperation and collaboration, and organizing unstructured knowledge content. This paper emphasis the effectiveness of mind mapping in higher education which make a huge difference here as it offers students with different learning styles an alternative to the more traditional ways of teaching and learning that some find difficult to master.
Feature Extraction from Blurred Fingerprints Using Image Negative Method

: A blurred fingerprint image has very less number of minutiae features in it and it is very difficult to extract minutiae features from a blurred fingerprint. So we tried to extract valleys (dark lines) instead of ridges (bright lines) from a blurred fingerprint. We found that more valleys can be extracted from blurred fingerprints. And now in this paper, we tried to extract features from negative fingerprint image instead of normal fingerprint image. Actually this image negative concept is applied to iris recognition method and proved that more features can be extracted from an iris image. So we tried the same image negative concept for fingerprint recognition method and found that more ridges can be extracted from blurred fingerprints.
A Implementation and Analysis of WSN on TinyOS

— In the current scenario of research the Wireless Sensor Networks have been a core field of research. In the area of wireless sensor networks through its different scopes, data collection has been a vital scope of research. For the routing of data packets from the origin to the destination there are several wireless sensor networks which most of the times depend on certain collection driven service. Chosen through several protocols collection tree protocol is a significant one although there are different protocols that have been designed for data collection in wireless sensor networks. For this a specific operating system has been devised named TinyOS. Also keeping in mind the constraints of sensor networks in consumption of power view point, the operating system gives a distinguished platform for the development of several implementations in WSNs in collaboration of limitations of the sensor equipments. Due to sometimes placing of sensor networks in isolated locations, the testing of implementation in such scenarios becomes inconvenient. Henceforth to assist the progress of the complete testing of the protocol a network simulation can be performed. The paper basically manages with the approach based on TOSSIM (TinyOS Simulator) approaching simulation of collection tree protocol in wireless sensor networks and the determination of the performance of the protocol in consideration with several aspects. TOSSIM or TinyOS Simulator is a prominent simulator which can be made use of in simulation of an entire TinyOS application. The paper also brings forth an assessment that will depict a brief look about the performance of collection tree protocol and simultaneously will give awareness on how TOSSIM can be worked with as a simulation platform for implementation of collection tree protocol.
Comparison of the Speed Between Digital and Optical Image Processors for Real Time Applications

: Selection of a conventional Digital Image Processor (DIP) / Optical Image Processor (OIP) depends upon its processing speed. At present, the Digital domain Fourier Transform (DFT) and Inverse Digital domain Fourier Transform (IDFT) in DIP consume much time in signal/image processing, is a constraint. In this paper, the processing time and maximum input frame rate for real time operation of DIP and OIP are found out and compared. It is inferred that OIP is highly applicable for real time processing whereas DIP is applicable only after reducing their input frame rate.
Comparative Study on SOC Estimation Techniques for Optimal Battery Sizing for Hybrid Vehicles

Automotive Industry is growing at a very fast rate. Hence problems pertaining to the increasing CO2 levels in the atmosphere and the ever increasing fuel rates also increase. Electric and Hybrid electric technology has become the latest milestone for the automotive industry. In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), the reliable range of operation is characterized by batteries and battery state of charge (SOC), that describes its remaining capacity, is an important factor for providing the control strategy for the battery management system (BMS) in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and electric vehicles (EV). Accuracy in estimation of the SOC is necessary not only to protect the battery, prevent it’s over discharge, and improve the battery life but also to allow the application to make rational control strategies to save energy. However, the chemical energy of a battery which is a chemical energy storage source cannot be directly accessed and this issue makes the estimation of the SOC of a battery difficult. Hence, estimation of the SOC accurately becomes very complex and is difficult to implement, as there are parametric uncertainties and the battery models are limited. In fact, in practice several examples of models of the estimation of the SOC are found which have poor accuracy and reliability. Hence a comparative study done in this paper on the various methods will help choose the right method based on the requirements and the application. This paper also reviews a case study on modeling and simulation of one of the methods of SOC estimation and efforts have been put in obtaining the performance of Li-ion batteries by calculating the SOC using Coulomb counting method in MATLAB Simulink. Keywords-State of Charge (SOC); Battery capacity; lithium-ion battery; state of charge; state of health; SOC dependence on battery parameters. __________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________
Genetic Evaluation and Molecular Markers for Heat Tolerance in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Genetic evaluation was performed on twenty three genotypes of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under high temperature at summer season to determine the variation between them for heat tolerance. Heat tolerance related criteria, i.e., pollen viability, fruit setting, osmotic pressure and fruit yield per plant. LSSS1, Homestead 24, Black Russian Plum, Super Marmand and Money Maker possess more tolerance of heat. In contrast, Super Stain B, Castle Rock, Cherokee Purple, Moskvich and Nicholevna Pink were more susceptible of heat. The pollen grain viability and fruit setting criteria consider as suitable morphological markers for heat tolerance than other heat tolerant related criteria as osmotic pressure. Heritability was high and moderately whereas, the genetic improvement of new strains could be done. From previous evaluation, Lsss1 as tolerant line and Super Strain B as sensitive cultivar of heat tolerance was crossed for study of molecular markers related to heat tolerance by using bulk segregate analysis (BSA). Crossing was carried out between these two genotypes to obtain the F1seeds which were left for selfing to obtain the F2 seeds. The two selected genotypes, their F1 and F2 plants were evaluated for their response to heat stress by recording some heat stress related traits. Bulk of the two extremely F2 plants (most tolerant and most sensitive F2 groups), the two contrasting parents and their F1, were used to develop some molecular genetic markers associated with heat tolerance in tomato by using ten RAPD and six ISSR primers. two RAPD markers (with molecular sizes of 100 bp for primers A16 and 500 bp for primer Z13) and one ISSR marker (with molecular size of 650 bp