Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strong influence of climatic extremes on diversity of benthic algae and cyanobacteria in a lowland intermittent stream

Freshwater ecosystems are threatened by the global change‐induced extreme climatic events worldwide. The unpredictable changes in water supply create strongly disturbed environments and ultimately result in diversity changes. Here, we studied the formation of benthic algal and cyanobacterial assemblages under intermediately disturbed (IDC) and highly disturbed conditions (HDC) in a small lowland intermittent stream. We addressed our hypotheses to the Intermediate Disturbance Theory supposing that intermediate frequencies or intensities of disturbances maximise diversity independently of its level. We expected a larger influence of extremes in water supply on functional than on taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity. Our results only partially proved our first hypothesis highlighting the (i) importance of short‐time but intense disturbing effect on biofilm formation and trait composition under IDC period and (ii) the instability within the assemblages caused by large and opposing influences during HDC. Although extreme weather events caused trait extremes (supporting second hypothesis), they did not result in a decrease in functional richness (rejecting the second hypothesis). These findings in accordance with the insurance hypothesis clearly stress that a system with high functional redundancy can keep its functionality even under drastic hydrological conditions and the accompanying loss of species.
A thermodynamic discourse on the dissolution behavior of bioactive glasses

Abstract The interaction between bioactive glass and body fluid is crucial for the special properties of this material, therefore a large number of experimental data is available in literature. However, a frame for systematic interpretation of these results in terms of understanding the mechanisms at the interface between glass and body medium and the relation between glass composition and dissolution behavior is still missing. For two multicomponent bioactive glasses, 45S5 and 13-93, the Gibbs energies of the glassy material on one side and their aqueous system on the other side were calculated individually. The difference between solid material and aqueous system further constitutes the pH dependent Gibbs energy of hydration, ∆Ghydr. The impact of glass compositions and glassy or crystalline state on ∆Ghydr is demonstrated referring to chemical durability. Along considerations regarding the aqueous system, the thermodynamic calculations proof the precipitation of hydroxyapatite inwater and simulated body fluid for a systemcontaining P2O5 and Ca2+. In the course of deriving the Gibbs energies for bioactive glass compositions via constitutional compounds, bioactive behavior is discussed from the point of coexisting equilibrium phases in the system of Na2O-CaO-SiO2.
Fabrication and Characterization of Er/Yb Co-Doped Fluorophosphosilicate Glass Core Optical Fibers

The technical process of the synthesis of a fluorophosphosilicate (FPS) glass core was thoroughly investigated for the first time utilizing a modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) all-gas-phase fabrication method. It was discovered that the limiting doping level of the silica glass simultaneously co-doped with phosphorus (P) and fluorine (F) was found to be confined by the formation of POF3 gas. The dopants content was achieved as high as 4.7 at% of P and 1.1 at% of F in a glass core, respectively. A developed “in-house” manufacturing method makes it possible to fabricate a large mode area (LMA) purely single-mode Er–Yb co-doped optical fibers with a core diameter of 20 μm and with a lasing efficiency comparable to commercially available LMA Er–Yb optical fibers.
Mixed reality models based on low-dose computed tomography technology in nephron-sparing surgery are better than models based on normal-dose computed tomography.

Background Nephron-sparing surgery has been widely applied in the treatment of renal tumors. Previous studies have confirmed the advantages of mixed reality technology in surgery. The study aimed to explore the optimization of mixed reality technology and its application value in nephron-sparing surgery. Methods In this prospective study of 150 patients with complex renal tumors (RENAL nephrometry score ≥7) who underwent nephron-sparing surgery, patients were randomly divided into Group A (the normal-dose mixed reality group, n=50), Group B (the low-dose mixed reality group, n=50), and Group C (the traditional computed tomography image group, n=50). Group A and Group C received the normal-dose computed tomography scan protocol: 120 kVp, 400 mA, and 350 mgI/mL, while Group B received the low-dose computed tomography scan protocol: 80 kVp, automatic tube current modulation, and 320 mgI/mL. All computed tomography data were transmitted to a three-dimensional visualization workstation and underwent modeling and mixed reality imaging. Two senior surgeons evaluated mixed reality quality. Objective indexes and perioperative indexes were calculated and compared. Results Compared with Group A, the radiation effective dose in Group B was decreased by 39.6%. The subjective scores of mixed reality quality in Group B were significantly higher than those of Group A (Z=-4.186, P<0.001). The inter-observer agreement between the two senior surgeons in mixed reality quality was excellent (K=0.840, P<0.001). The perioperative indexes showed that the mixed reality groups were significantly different from the computed tomography image group (all P<0.017). More cases underwent nephron-sparing surgery in the mixed reality groups than in the computed tomography image group (P<0.0017). Conclusions Low-dose computed tomography technology can be effectively applied to mixed reality optimization, reducing the effective dose and improving mixed reality quality. Optimized mixed reality can significantly increase the cases of successful nephron-sparing surgery and improve perioperative indexes.
Self-Learning pLSA Model for Abnormal Behavior Detection in Crowded Scenes

SUMMARY Abnormal behavior detection is now a widely concerned research ﬁeld, especially for crowded scenes. However, most traditional unsupervised approaches often su ﬀ ered from the problem when the normal events in the scenario with large visual variety. This paper proposes a self-learning probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis, which aims at taking full advantage of the high-level abnormal information to solve problems. We select the informative observations to construct the “reference events” from the training sets as a high-level guidance cue. Speciﬁcally, the training set is randomly divided into two separate subsets. One is used to learn this model, which is deﬁned as the initialization sequence of “reference events”. The other aims to update this model and the the infrequent samples are chosen into the “reference events”. Finally, we deﬁne anomalies using events that are least similar to “reference events”. The experimental result demonstrates that the proposed model can detect anomalies accurately and robustly in the real-world crowd environment.
Green Synthesis of Barium Sulfate Particles Using Plant Extracts

The biological molecules in the extracts of four fruits or vegetables: kiwifruit, oranges, tomato and carrot, were used as templates to synthesize barium sulfate (BaSO 4 ) particles. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray power diffractometry. The results showed that, leaf-shaped barite BaSO 4 crystals with toothed edge were obtained with kiwifruit extracts; thorn spherical barium sulfate crystals with diameter of 2-4 micrometers were produced with tomato extracts; rod-like or quasi-spherical BaSO 4 crystals with size of several hundred nanometers to several micrometers were gained with orange extracts; while quasi-spherical BaSO 4 nano-crystals were obtained with carrot extracts. The formation mechanism of BaSO 4 is also discussed, showing that the proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and organic acids in above four kinds of fruits or vegetables may provide nucleation sites, controlling the growth of BaSO 4 crystals with different morphologies.
The Opinions of Preservice Physical Education Teachers Towards the Physical Education Teaching Field Knowledge Test

The aim of this study is to examine the opinions of preservice physical education teachers towards the teaching field knowledge test (TFKT). The test, which constitutes half of the score required to be appointed as a teacher is believed to determine the level of knowledge of preservice teachers in their fields of teaching. Preservice teachers’ opinions towards the field knowledge test are, therefore, noteworthy. The study was conducted with 18 preservice teachers (9 female, 9 male) who graduated from the physical education teaching departments of universities and took the teaching field knowledge testat least once. This study used the qualitative case design and the criterion sampling method, one of the purposive sampling types. Data were obtained using the interview technique, which included five semi-structured and non-directive, open-ended interview questions. MaxQDA 2020 qualitative data analysis program was used in the modelling of the research data. According to the results of the analysis, although the candidates stated positive opinions in relation to the function of the TFKT for discriminating between who is competent and who is not, choosing a well-equipped teacher, serving as a measurement tool and measuring professional Journal of Educational Issues ISSN 2377-2263 2021, Vol. 7, No. 1 www.macrothink. org/jei 57 competencies, the majority of the participants presented negative opinions about the field knowledge testin physical education teaching. The reasons for the negative opinions were that the test lacks a suitable distribution of questions, relies on memorization is too detailed, does not measure motor skills and does not match the undergraduate course content as well as having an excessively wide scope.
In situ determination of mechanical properties for poly(ether ether ketone) film under extreme conditions

The mechanical properties of special engineering plastic have been intensively studied in recent years. However, there are few studies on the mechanical variation under extreme conditions. In this study, we chose poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) to study its mechanical behavior under high temperature and high pressure using Brillouin scattering coupled with an electrical resistance heating technique and diamond anvil cell device. The isothermal compressibility and pressure dependence of the mechanical moduli of PEEK film were examined and determined. A typical negative thermal expansion phenomenon was observed under high temperature and high pressure, which has been explained and discussed by virtue of free volume theory. Comprehensive investigation of elastic properties as a function of pressure not only provides an effective way to understand the mechanical behavior of PEEK under high temperature and high pressure, but also supplies an available theoretical direction for their practical application under extreme conditions.
Direction of magma migration in Sinabung volcano based on February 2017 hypocenter distribution

After laying dormant for 1200 years, Sinabung volcano experienced its first phreatic eruption on August 27, 2010, and remains active today. The increased activity encouraged the Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM) to conduct monitoring, which began on August 29, 2010. It is necessary to map the distribution of earthquake hypocenter on Sinabung volcano to find out the path of magma migration. In this study, a mapping of earthquake hypocenter distribution was carried out using February 2017 data to determine the path of magma migration on Sinabung volcano. The temporal variation of the hypocenter distribution will indicate the direction of the magma movement, which can be one of the mitigation efforts for the community around Sinabung volcano. P wave and S wave arrival time information observed by at least 4 stations were used to determine the earthquake hypocenter distribution. The initial hypocenter was located using hypomh software, then relocated using hypoDD. The results showed that the hypocenter distribution was concentrated northeast of Sinabung volcano at a depth of 5-15 km below sea level. The temporal variation of the hypocenter showed that magma was moving deeper towards the northeast from Sinabung volcano towards Sibayak volcano with a speed of 179.6679 m/day.
Synergistic Effects of Cation and Anion in an Ionic Imidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Additive for Improving the Efficiency and Stability of Half‐Mixed Pb‐Sn Perovskite Solar Cells

Narrow‐bandgap mixed Pb‐Sn perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have great feasibility for constructing efficient all‐perovskite tandem solar cells, in combination with wide‐bandgap lead halide PSCs. However, the power conversion efficiency of mixed Pb‐Sn PSCs still lags behind lead‐based counterparts. Here, additive engineering using ionic imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (IMBF4) is proposed, where the imidazolium (IM) cation and tetrafluoroborate (BF4) anion efficiently passivate defects at grain boundaries and improve crystallinity, simultaneously relaxing lattice strain, respectively. Defect passivation is achieved by the chemical interaction between the IM cation and the positively charged under‐coordinated Pb2+ or Sn2+ ions, and lattice strain relaxation is realized by lattice expansion with the intercalation of BF4 anions into the perovskite lattice. As a result, the synergistic effects of the cation and anion in the IMBF4 additive greatly enhance the optoelectronic performance of half‐mixed Pb‐Sn perovskites, leading to much longer carrier lifetimes. The best‐performing half‐mixed Pb‐Sn PSC shows an efficiency above 19% with negligible hysteresis, while retaining over 90% of its initial efficiency after 1000 h in a nitrogen‐filled glovebox and showing a lifetime to 80% degradation of 53.5 h under continuous illumination.
Detection of Bacterial Contamination in Dental Unit Water Lines and Testing the Effectiveness of Disinfectants against these Contaminants

Aim: Contaminated dental unit water lines (DUWLs) are a possible source for spreading microorganisms in dental practices. The aim of this study was to detect the bacterial contamination of dental unit water and investigate the effectiveness of the disinfectants. Methodology: Bacterial contamination was detected by a) using bacterial culture of heterotrophic bacteria, total coliforms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and b) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of DUWLs tube. Subsequently, dentists were suggested to treat the DUWLs with disinfectants to eradicate bacterial contaminants and its effectiveness was tested after three months. Original Research Article Lal et al.; JPRI, 33(8): 59-69, 2021; Article no.JPRI. 66094 60 Results: Bacterial contamination of the water samples ranged from not detected to 2.38×10 6 CFU/mL. Out of 34 DUWLs water samples tested, 30 (88.24%) samples exceeded the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommended threshold of ≤500 CFU /mL, whereas only 4 (11.76%) samples met the standards. Contamination by total coliforms and P. aeruginosa was detected in 52.94% and 64.7% of samples respectively. SEM displayed a dense biofilm on DUWLs tubing confirming the bacterial contamination. The intervention for disinfection of DUWLs resulted more than 50% samples with acceptable bacterial count in test performed after three months. Conclusion: The high rate of bacterial contamination of dental unit water highlights the need to disinfect and monitor the quality of DUWLs periodically.
Research on Computer Simulation Big Data Intelligent Collection and Analysis System

As a characteristic of big data, the individual data in it is no longer isolated, and the data and its underlying mechanisms have complex associations, which make all data into an indivisible whole. The dynamic generation and disappearance of data will change its original relationship and affect the overall characteristics of the data. This feature of big data makes the subject-oriented analysis methods such as data mining present limitations: the presupposition of the subject and the analysis by subject split the interaction relationship between the subjects, leading to the loss of the implicit mechanism in these relationships. Aiming at the problems of traditional network big data multi-resolution acquisition methods such as high acquisition cost, long completion time and low acquisition accuracy, a JA-va3D-based big data network multi-resolution acquisition method is proposed, and average interactive data is introduced. The extraction method estimates the power spectral density of the network data multi-resolution acquisition, and uses the ADASYN algorithm to remove the invalid multi-resolution data, and realizes the large data multi-resolution accurate acquisition. Experimental results show that the proposed method has lower acquisition cost, shorter completion time, and higher acquisition accuracy; it has certain practical value and can be widely used in various fields.
International differences in employee silence motives: Scale validation, prevalence, and relationships with culture characteristics across 33 countries

Employee silence, the withholding of work‐related ideas, questions, or concerns from someone who could effect change, has been proposed to hamper individual and collective learning as well as the detection of errors and unethical behaviors in many areas of the world. To facilitate cross‐cultural research, we validated an instrument measuring four employee silence motives (i.e., silence based on fear, resignation, prosocial, and selfish motives) in 21 languages. Across 33 countries (N = 8,222) representing diverse cultural clusters, the instrument shows good psychometric properties (i.e., internal reliabilities, factor structure, measurement invariance). Results further revealed similarities and differences in the prevalence of silence motives between countries, but did not necessarily support cultural stereotypes. To explore the role of culture for silence, we examined relationships of silence motives with the societal practices cultural dimensions from the GLOBE Program. We found relationships between silence motives and power distance, institutional collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance. Overall, the findings suggest that relationships between silence and cultural dimensions are more complex than commonly assumed. We discuss the explanatory power of nations as (cultural) units of analysis, our social scientific approach, the predictive value of cultural dimensions, and opportunities to extend silence research geographically, methodologically, and conceptually.
Real-Time Implementation of the MPPT Control Algorithms of a Wind Energy Conversion System by the Digital Simulator OPAL_RT

This paper presents a comparative study between two algorithms for controlling the Wind Turbine (WT) using real time platforms: RT-Lab. The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control technique is implemented for extracting the maximum energy from the wind. The first control consists in taking as a reference strategy the electromagnetic torque associated with the maximum power curve. This controller is known as Indirect Speed Control (ISC). The second one, based on the measured wind speed, is called Direct Speed Control (DSC). In this second controller, the effectiveness of the controllers was evaluated with a PI controller and a Fuzzy Logic (FL) controller. The performances are analyzed and compared on the OPAL-RT digital simulator, which is based on the RT-LAB platform with the model, and its control built in Simulink. The results of the simulations clearly show that algorithm based on fuzzy controllers gives better performance in terms of monitoring the maximum power coefficient and optimal speed compared to conventional algorithms.
A version of the voting protocol based on blockchain technology

The paper describes a generalized version of the voting protocol based on blockchain technology. The analysis of the proposed protocol is also carried out. The proposed protocol is based on such cryptographic primitives as digital signatures, asymmetric ciphers, and zero knowledge proof protocol. Safety analysis was carried out using the AVISPA software package. Anonymity was analyzed separately as part of this protocol by analyzing differential privacy.
Comparison of Synoptic Maps and PFSS Solutions for The Declining Phase of Solar Cycle 24

The global distributions of photospheric magnetic field are routinely provided by synoptic maps, which often serve as fundamental observational input for coronal and heliospheric models. In this paper, we compare synoptic maps and PFSS‐derived magnetic field results obtained during 2017/12/06–2018/12/06, a period at the declining phase of solar cycle 24. We use four kinds of synoptic maps, the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) maps, the Air Force Data Assimilative Photospheric Flux Transport (ADAPT) maps, the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) maps with their zero‐point uncertainty corrected (GONGz maps) or uncorrected (GONGb maps). Qualitatively similarity among the four maps are found in the low‐latitude region, but the polar fields have notable differences. While the polar fields of HMI, ADAPT and GONGz maps are unipolar and relative stable in large scale, those of the GONGb maps are variable. The PFSS results of HMI, ADAPT, and GONGz compare reasonably with coronal remote observations and near‐Earth in situ data, and the HMI maps perform slightly better. There is generally no significant difference among results of the 12 ADAPT ensemble maps, but exceptions are also found. The PFSS results of GONGb maps deviate from observation significantly. The deviations are attributed to the problematic polar field, and the source of the problem may be the zero‐point uncertainty of the magnetograms. As GONGb maps perform well in the declining phase of solar cycle 23, results in this study highlight the importance of continuous assessment of synoptic map data quality.
Effect of Power Line Type on The Safety of Transmission Tower

The supply of electricity is directly affected by the structural safety of transmission tower. The unsuitable power line type can impose extra forces on transmission tower. The failure within transmission tower results in power outage because the designed power transmission tower cannot bear the extra force loading. In this paper, the mechanical responses in transmission tower with different power line types were calculated by means of finite element software. Commercial software Abaqus was employed for analyzing the structural safety of transmission tower. Ten kinds of power line were chosen to impose static forces on transmission tower. Based on the finite element results, the maximum stress and displacement were obtained. When the dimension of power line is less than a certain value, the transmission tower is safe; otherwise, the transmission tower may collapse.
Research on junction termination of 6500V IGBT

In this paper, a novel junction termination design for 6500V IGBT is proposed. A floating P+ rings termination where the P+ rings are highly doped is less than 2500um. The termination is immune to interface charges at the Si/SiO2 interface and other layers at the top as well as in the moulding compound. The simulation results show that the breakdown voltages are all above 7000V when the interface charges change from -3E11cm−2 to 5E11cm−2. This device was fabricated and the test results show that the breakdown voltage is more than 7000V, which is agreement with the simulation results.