Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Overweight With Academic Performance in 12-Year-Old Brazilian Children.

Obesity has been associated with poor academic achievement, while cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been linked to academic success. PURPOSE To investigate whether CRF is associated with academic performance in Brazilian students, independently of body mass index (BMI), fatness and socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS 392 5th and 6th grade students (193 girls) (12.11 ± 0.75 years old) were evaluated in 2012. Skinfold thickness measures were performed, and students were classified according to BMI-percentile. CRF was estimated by a 20-meter shuttle run test, and academic achievement by standardized math and Portuguese tests. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the association between academic performance and CRF, adjusted for SES, skinfold thickness or BMI-percentile. RESULTS Among girls CRF was associated with higher academic achievement in math (β = 0.146;p = .003) and Portuguese (β = 0.129;p = .004) in crude and adjusted analyses. No significant association was found among boys. BMI was not associated with overall academic performance. There was a weak negative association between skinfold thickness and performance in mathematics in boys (β =- 0.030;p = .04), but not in girls. CONCLUSION The results highlight the importance of maintaining high fitness levels in girls throughout adolescence a period commonly associated with reductions in physical activity levels and CRF.
Ping-pong beam training for reciprocal channels with delay spread

We present an iterative beam training procedure for a reciprocal channel with delay spread between two massive antenna arrays. The primary application is communication at millimeter wave frequencies. The procedure is based on ping pong transmissions. For each matricial channel coefficient, it tracks the left and right singular vectors associated to the maximal singular value. Based on the set of singular vectors, we build transmit and receive equalizers. A simple equalization based on matched filtering is showed to be optimal in the case of a Gaussian i.i. d. channel and a sparse channel.
Physical Activity Levels of Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Physical Activity in T1D.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in teenagers with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) in comparison with healthy scholar participants. Total of 154 teenagers (T1D = 45 and CON = 109). Height, weight, cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), and the level of physical activity by the Bouchard's Physical Activity Record were measured, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in T1D. The VO2max was lower in the T1D (38.38 ± 7.54) in comparison with the CON (42.44 ± 4.65; p < .05). The VO2max had correlation with the amount of time of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (r = .63; p = .0001) and an inverse correlation with sedentary activities (r= -0.46; p = .006). In the T1D the levels of HbA1c had an inverse correlation with the amount of time of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (r= -0.34; p = .041) and correlation with the BMI z-score (r = .43; p = .017). Only 37,8% of the participants in the T1D reached the adequate amount of daily moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity, in the CON 81,7% reached the WHO's recommendation. CONCLUSION T1D had less cardiorespiratory capacity then healthy controls, the teenagers of T1D with lower BMI z-score and that dedicated a greater time in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity demonstrated a better glycemic control.
Epileptiform activity and spreading depolarization in the blood–brain barrier-disrupted peri-infarct hippocampus are associated with impaired GABAergic inhibition and synaptic plasticity

Peri-infarct opening of the blood–brain barrier may be associated with spreading depolarizations, seizures, and epileptogenesis as well as cognitive dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying neural network pathophysiology in the blood–brain barrier-dysfunctional hippocampus. Photothrombotic stroke within the rat neocortex was associated with increased intracranial pressure, vasogenic edema, and peri-ischemic blood–brain barrier dysfunction that included the ipsilateral hippocampus. Intrahippocampal recordings revealed electrographic seizures within the first week in two-thirds of animals, accompanied by a reduction in gamma and increase in theta frequency bands. Synaptic interactions were studied in parasagittal hippocampal slices at 24 h and seven days post-stroke. Field potential recordings in CA1 and CA3 uncovered multiple population spikes, epileptiform episodes, and spreading depolarizations at 24 h. Input–output analysis revealed that fEPSP-spike coupling was significantly enhanced at seven days. In addition, CA1 feedback and feedforward inhibition were diminished. Slices generating epileptiform activity at seven days revealed impaired bidirectional long-term plasticity following high and low-frequency stimulation protocols. Microarray and PCR data confirmed changes in expression of astrocyte-related genes and suggested downregulation in expression of GABAA-receptor subunits. We conclude that blood-brain barrier dysfunction in the peri-infarct hippocampus is associated with early disinhibition, hyperexcitability, and abnormal synaptic plasticity.
Differential associations between systemic markers of disease and white matter tissue health in middle-aged and older adults

Age-associated cerebrovascular disease impacts brain tissue integrity, but other factors, including normal variation in blood markers of systemic health, may also influence the structural integrity of the brain. This cross-sectional study included 139 individuals between 40 to 86 years old who were physically healthy and cognitively intact. Eleven markers (total-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, insulin, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, albumin, total protein) and five derived indicators (estimated glomerular filtration rate, creatinine clearance rate, insulin-resistance, average glucose, and cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio) were obtained from blood sampling. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to evaluate white matter tissue health. Blood markers were clustered into five factors. The first factor (defined as insulin/high-density lipoprotein factor) was associated with markers of integrity in the deep white matter and projection fiber systems, while the third factor (defined as kidney function factor) was associated with different markers of integrity in the periventricular and watershed white matter regions. Differential segregated associations for insulin and high-density lipoprotein levels and serum markers of kidney function may provide information about distinct mechanisms of brain changes across the lifespan. These results emphasize the need to determine whether therapeutic modulation of systemic health and organ function may prevent decline in brain structural integrity.
Energy Cost Expression for a Youth Compendium of Physical Activities: Rationale for Using Age Groups.

PURPOSE This study compared the accuracy of physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) prediction using 2 methods of accounting for age dependency versus 1 standard (single) value across all ages. METHODS PAEE estimates were derived by pooling data from 5 studies. Participants, 6-18 years (n = 929), engaged in 14 activities while in a room calorimeter or wearing a portable metabolic analyzer. Linear regression was used to estimate the measurement error in PAEE (expressed as youth metabolic equivalent) associated with using age groups (6-9, 10-12, 13-15, and 16-18 y) and age-in-years [each year of chronological age (eg, 12 = 12.0-12.99 y)] versus the standard (a single value across all ages). RESULTS Age groups and age-in-years showed similar error, and both showed less error than the standard method for cycling, skilled, and moderate- to vigorous-intensity activities. For sedentary and light activities, the standard had similar error to the other 2 methods. Mean values for root mean square error ranged from 0.2 to 1.7 youth metabolic equivalent across all activities. Error reduction ranged from -0.2% to 21.7% for age groups and -0.23% to 18.2% for age-in-years compared with the standard. CONCLUSIONS Accounting for age showed lower errors than a standard (single) value; using an age-dependent model in the Youth Compendium is recommended.
Direct classification from compressively sensed images via deep Boltzmann machine

We examine a potential technique of performing a classification task based on compressively sensed (CS) data, skipping a computationally expensive reconstruction step. A deep Boltzmann machine is trained on a compressive representation of MNIST handwritten digit data, using a random orthoprojector sensing matrix. The network is first pre-trained on uncompressed data in order to learn the structure of the dataset. The outer network layers are then optimized using backpropagation. We find this approach achieves a 1.21% test data error rate at a sensing rate of 0.4, compared to a 0.99% error rate for non-compressive data.
Subgraph detection using graph signals

In this paper we develop statistical detection theory for graph signals. In particular, given two graphs, namely, a background graph that represents an usual activity and an alternative graph that represents some unusual activity, we are interested in answering the following question: To which of the two graphs does the observed graph signal fit the best? To begin with, we assume both the graphs are known, and derive an optimal Neyman-Pearson detector. Next, we derive a suboptimal detector for the case when the alternative graph is not known. The developed theory is illustrated with numerical experiments.
Gene-by-Activity Interactions on Obesity Traits of 6-Year-Old New Zealand European Children: A Children of SCOPE Study.

PURPOSE The decline of physical activity in children is considered an important determinant to explain the rising rates of obesity. However, this risk may be augmented in children who are genetically susceptible to increased weight gain. We hypothesized that a sedentary lifestyle and moderate activity will interact with genetic loci, resulting in differential effects in relation to obesity risk. METHODS We recruited 643 European children born to participants in the New Zealand-based Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints (SCOPE) study. Seventy gene variants were evaluated by the Sequenom assay. Interaction analyses were performed between the genetic variants and the activity type derived from actigraphy, in relation to percentage body fat. RESULTS We found a statistically significant association between increased proportions of sedentary activity with increased percentage body fat scores (P = .012). The OLFM4-9568856 (P = .01) and GNPDA2-rs10938397 (P = .044) gene variants showed genotype differences with proportions of sedentary activity. Similarly, the OLFM4-9568856 (P = .021), CLOCK-rs4864548 (P = .029), and LEPR-1045895 (P = .047) showed genotype differences with proportions of moderate activity. We found evidence for unadjusted gene-by-activity interactions of SPACA3/SPRASA-rs16967845, PFKP-rs6602024, and SH2B1-rs7498665 on percentage body fat scores. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate a differential effect of physical activity in relation to obesity risk, suggesting that children genetically predisposed to increased weight gain may benefit from higher levels of moderate activity.
Characterization of the relationship between semantic and structural language features in psychiatric diagnosis

Psychiatry describes speech symptoms that are indicative of disorganized thought, but measuring them is not easy. With natural language processing tools, it is possible to quantify psychiatric symptoms. Graph representations of word trajectories and semantic incoherence have independently been shown to predict the Schizophrenia diagnosis. Both analyses assess thought organization through speech, but the relationship between them is unknown. To fill this gap, here we characterize the relationship between structural and semantic features of free verbal reports from 60 patients and matched controls. Graph connectedness is inversely correlated to semantic incoherence and both explain 54% of negative symptoms variance.
Glymphatic clearance controls state-dependent changes in brain lactate concentration

Brain lactate concentration is higher during wakefulness than in sleep. However, it is unknown why arousal is linked to an increase in brain lactate and why lactate declines within minutes of sleep. Here, we show that the glymphatic system is responsible for state-dependent changes in brain lactate concentration. Suppression of glymphatic function via acetazolamide treatment, cisterna magna puncture, aquaporin 4 deletion, or changes in body position reduced the decline in brain lactate normally observed when awake mice transition into sleep or anesthesia. Concurrently, the same manipulations diminished accumulation of lactate in cervical, but not in inguinal lymph nodes when mice were anesthetized. Thus, our study suggests that brain lactate is an excellent biomarker of the sleep–wake cycle and increases further during sleep deprivation, because brain lactate is inversely correlated with glymphatic-lymphatic clearance. This analysis provides fundamental new insight into brain energy metabolism by demonstrating that glucose that is not fully oxidized can be exported as lactate via glymphatic-lymphatic fluid transport.
Pediatric Infectious Diseases: Principles and Practice

Jenson and Baltimore's Pediatric Infectious Diseases: Principles and Practice is an important addition to the burgeoning library of pediatric infectious disease books. It is also a volume refreshing both in its format and in its attempt to fight "the problem of bloated books—bibliobesity" ( New York Times , July 30, 1995). Written for primary care practitioners as well as for infectious disease specialists, the book has a syndrome-oriented approach. Each chapter is clearly and concisely written and extremely well organized. Discussions logically flow from disease definition to epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention. The references are up-to-date and adequate and contain both reviews and key articles. There are general topic sections—including microbial pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, disease prophylaxis, and treatment—and system-oriented ones—including respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal infections and infections in the neonate and immunocompromised host. This volume is meant to be comprehensive without being encyclopedic. Despite 64
In Vitro Inhibition of Multiple Cytochrome P450 Isoforms by Xanthone Derivatives from Mangosteen Extract

Mangosteen is a xanthone-containing fruit found in Southeast Asia for which health claims include maintaining healthy immune and gastrointestinal systems to slowing the progression of tumor growth and neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have identified multiple xanthones in the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit. The aim of the current study was to assess the drug inhibition potential of mangosteen in vitro as well as the cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes responsible for the metabolism of its individual components. The various xanthone derivatives were found to be both substrates and inhibitors for multiple P450 isoforms. Aqueous extracts of the mangosteen pericarp were analyzed for xanthone content as well as inhibition potency. Finally, in vivo plasma concentrations of α-mangostin, the most abundant xanthone derivative found in mangosteen, were predicted using Simcyp and found to be well above their respective in vitro Ki values for CYP2C8 and CYP2C9.
Selling agile: target-cost contracts

Agile software development makes a lot of sense to software developers, but selling it to business people can be a tricky task, particularly in a consulting situation. While people appreciate the benefits of Agile, forming a contractual agreement that embraces change is difficult. Target-cost contracts have been suggested as a solution to structuring agile projects; but do they work? This experience report describes how we have successfully used target-cost contracting with a recent startup company. This approach improved our client relationship by ensuring that the contractual agreement empowers the development team and the client to work collaboratively to deliver software that meets the client's real needs while reducing the complexity and scope where possible. We believe these experiences will add value to teams working in both a formal consulting environment as well as in an internal development department.
Ready-to-deploy service function chaining for mobile networks

The dynamic composition of virtualized network functions promises to ease the introduction of new services in mobile networks, while reducing provisioning costs. This approach, usually called Service Function Chaining, has been the focus of several research efforts. However, current systems rely on new tunneling protocols and on network infrastructure changes. In this paper, we introduce CATENAE1, an efficient Service Function Chaining system for mobile networks. Our system deals with today's network functions, including the ones that perform changes to the packet's header, without using any tunneling protocol and without requiring network modifications. Our approach is ready to be deployed in mobile networks, integrates seamlessly with legacy network management systems and introduces no overhead in the (virtual) network functions.
Endothelium-specific amyloid precursor protein deficiency causes endothelial dysfunction in cerebral arteries

The exact physiological function of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) in endothelial cells is unknown. Endothelium-specific APP-deficient (eAPP−/−) mice were created to gain new insights into the role of APP in the control of vascular endothelial function. Endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine were significantly impaired in basilar arteries of global APP knockout (APP−/−) and eAPP−/− mice (P < 0.05). In contrast, endothelium-independent relaxations to nitric oxide (NO)-donor diethylamine-NONOate were unchanged. Western blot analysis revealed that protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was significantly downregulated in large cerebral arteries of APP−/− mice and eAPP−/− mice as compared to respective wild-type littermates (P < 0.05). Furthermore, basal levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were also significantly reduced in large cerebral arteries of APP-deficient mice (P < 0.05). In contrast, protein expression of prostacyclin synthase as well as levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was not affected by genetic inactivation of APP in endothelial cells. By using siRNA to knockdown APP in cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells we also found a significant downregulation of eNOS mRNA and protein expressions in APP-deficient endothelium (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that under physiological conditions, expression of APP in cerebral vascular endothelium plays an important protective function by maintaining constitutive expression of eNOS.
Dominance modulates the effects of eye gaze on the perception of threatening facial expressions

The effects of gaze direction on the perception of facial expressions have been getting more and more attention from psychologists, but their implication for facial expression recognition in computer science is neglected. In the present psychological study, we investigated the effects of gaze direction on the perception of facial expressions, and focused on the role of social dominance of facial expressions. Experiments 1 and 2 examined the effects of gaze on evaluations of dominance, pleasure and arousal of neutral, joy, angry and disgust facial expressions, using Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM). Experiment 3 examined the influence of gaze direction on the efficiency of facial expression perception. The results indicated that (a) gaze direction influenced the dominance of neutral and angry facial expressions, while it did not influence the dominance of happy or disgust facial expressions; and (b) averted gaze facilitated the processing of angry faces. The results of three experiments suggested that for threatening facial expression (such as anger), social dominance might be the mediator in the effect of gaze on perception of facial expressions. The implication for facial expression recognition of computer science was discussed.
Stabilizing Polyether Electrolyte with 4 V Metal Oxide Cathode by Nanoscale Interfacial Coating.

Safety is critical to developing next-generation batteries with high energy density. Polyether-based electrolytes, such as polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), are attractive alternatives to current flammable liquid organic electrolyte, since they are much more thermally stable, and compatible with high-capacity lithium anode. Unfortunately, they are not stable with 4 V Li(NixMnyCo1-x-y)O2 (NMC) cathodes, hindering them from application in batteries with high energy density. Here we report that the compatibility between PEG electrolyte and NMC cathodes can be significantly improved by forming a 2 nm Al2O3 coating on NMC surface. This nanoscale coating dramatically changes the composition of the cathode electrolyte interphase and thus stabilizes PEG electrolyte with the NMC cathode. With Al2O3, the capacity remains at 84.7% after 80 cycles and 70.3% after 180 cycles. In contrast, the capacity fades to less than 50% after only 20 cycles in bare NMC electrodes. This study opens new opportunity to develop safe electrolyte for lithium batteries with high energy density.
he effect of dietary calcium on 1 , 25 ( OH ) 2 D 3 synthesis and sparing of erum 25 ( OH ) D 3 levels

Vitamin D depletion in rats causes osteopenia in at least three skeletal sites. However it is unclear whether modulation of dietary calcium intake impacts on the relationship between the level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) and bone loss. Nine-month-old female Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 5–6/group) were pair-fed a semi-synthetic diet containing either 0 or 20 IU vitamin D3/day with either low (0.1%) or high (1%) dietary Ca for 6 months. At 15 months of age, fasting bloods were collected for biochemical 5-Hydroxyvitamin D alcium 5-Hydroxyvitamin-D-1 -hydroxylase iver analyses. Serum 25D levels were lowest in the animals fed 0 IU vitamin D and 0.1% Ca. The animals fed 1% Ca had significantly higher serum 25D levels when compared to animals fed 0.1% Ca (P < 0.05). The major determinants of serum 25D were dietary vitamin D and dietary calcium (Multiple R = 0.75, P < 0.05). Animals fed 0.1% Ca had higher renal CYP27B1 mRNA expression and 12–18-fold increased levels of serum 1,25D. Hence, the reported effects of low calcium diets on bone loss may be, in part, due to the subsequent effects of 25D metabolism leading to reduction in vitamin D status. Such an interaction has significant implications, given the recent evidence for local synthesis of active vitamin D in bone tissue.
A Resourceful Combined Block Cipher Mode of Operation for Packetised Network Communication

In this paper a combined block cipher mode of operation is presented that provides an efficient authenticated encryption with associated-data (AEAD) security service for packet-based network communication. Using software simulation we show that our construct, called CYPHER-C3, achieves improvements in processing energy requirement, processing latency and packet throughput when benchmarked against the NIST recommended Counter with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code (CCM) scheme and the de facto wireless sensor network TinySec-AE scheme.