Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Doctor of Philosophy Molecular and Cellular Physiology Activation of SAPKs, MAPKs and DownstreamTargets by Hypoxia

Hypoxic/ischemic trauma is a primary factor in the pathology of various vascular, pulmonary, and cerebral disease states. Yet, very little is known about the signaling mechanisms by which cells respond to changes in O 2 levels. The effects of hypoxia on the stressand mitogen-activated protein kinase (SAPK and MAPK) signaling pathways were studied in PC12 cells. Exposure to moderate hypoxia (5% O 2 ) was found to progressively stimulate phosphorylation of the stress-activated protein kinase, p38α (3.1 fold), and a second isoform of this enzyme, p38γ (5.9 fold). In contrast, hypoxia had no effect on enzyme activity of p38β, p38β 2 , p38δ, or on JNK, another stress-activated protein kinase. Hypoxia also activated p42/p44 MAPK. Thus, hypoxia regulates specific members of the MAPK and SAPK families. The SAPKs and MAPKs mediate their biological effects via the phosphorylation of downstream kinases, transcription factors, and proteins. Thus, we were interested in identifying targets of the p38 and MAPK pathways during hypoxia. Expression of the cyclin D1 gene has previously been shown to be negatively regulated by p38α (Lavoie et al., 1996). Hypoxia also dramatically down-regulated cyclin D1 immunoreactivity (~80% decreased from control levels). This effect was partially blocked by SB203580, an inhibitor of p38α, but not p38γ. Over-expression of a kinase-inactive form of p38γ was also able to partially reverse the effect of hypoxia on cyclin D1 levels, suggesting that the p38α and p38γ isoforms converge to regulate cyclin D1 during hypoxia. p42/p44 MAPK is known to phosphorylate a number of transcription factors. Endothelial PAS-domain protein 1 (EPAS1) is a transcription factor that rapidly accumulates upon exposing cells to hypoxia. We hypothesized that MAPK was involved in the regulation of EPAS1. Pre-treatment of PC12 cells with the MEK inhibitor, PD98059, completely blocked hypoxia-induced trans-activation of a hypoxia response element reporter gene (HREluc) by transfected EPAS1. We further show that pre-treatment with calmodulin antagonists nearly completely blocked both the hypoxia-induced phosphorylation of MAPK and the EPAS1 trans-activation of HRE-luc. These results demonstrate that the MAPK pathway is a critical mediator of EPAS1 activation and that activation of MAPK and EPAS1 occurs through a calmodulin-sensitive pathway.
Tightrope walking: external impact factors on workplace health management in small-scale enterprises

ABSTRACT Small-scale enterprises (SSEs) are important for ensuring growth, innovation, job creation, and social integration in working life. Research shows that SSEs pay little attention to and have insufficient competence in workplace health management. From the perspective of managers, this study explores how external factors influence the development of this management. The article refers to a case study among eight Norwegian and ten Swedish managers of SSEs in the middle part of Norway and Sweden. We used a stepwise qualitative approach to analyse data, using an interpretive indexing of main categories. Two main categories were found to have an influence on the development of workplace health management: (1) restricted leeway and (2) commitments. Concerning the first main category, areas that managers highlight as important comprise the legal framework and regulations; workforce and market situation, production, economy; and occupational safety and health issues. Areas related to the second main category were advice from the board, guidance from mentors, work-related networks, and family and friends as buffers. One conclusion is that despite limited scope for developing workplace health management, managers find supportive guidance and inspiration from environments that are committed to helping them and their enterprise.
Male-to-Female Transgender Veterans and VA Health Care Utilization

ABSTRACT This study examined rates of military veteran status in an American male-to-female transgender community sample (n = 141). Thirty percent were veterans (n = 43), a rate that is triple the proportion of veteran status noted in the general population (10.1%). Among the veteran subsample, we examined health care utilization, including Veterans Health Administration (VA), health, and barriers to care. Use of VA services was higher among transgender veterans (transvets) than published rates of VA use in the general population of veterans (annual 6.2% to 15.8%), with 16.3% of all transvets seeking some VA care in the past 6- months. The most common physical health problems treated at the VA in the past year were high cholesterol, blood pressure, and vision problems. Irrespective of VA use, the majority of transvets reported getting routine health care (88.4%), and their physical health ratings were commensurate with population norms. Mental health services (e.g., depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and gender identity counseling) were also utilized (9.3% VA, 25.6% non-VA) at levels consistent with the relatively low mental health functioning scores in this sample (SF-12 = 32.6, SD = 8.3). Barriers to care were endorsed more for medical than mental health treatment. In particular, transvets were concerned about medical providers’ reactions to their gender identity or sexual orientation. Given elevated rates of transvets in this community sample and reported barriers to care, culturally sensitive treatment is a priority for transvets in both VA and non-VA health care systems.
A Comparative Study in Cervical Muscle Activities during Various Resting Postures Using Electromyography

Background: Neck and back pain are the most common reported musculoskeletal disorders. Applying surface electromyography to determine muscular activity has been used for a long time for clinical diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of two sleeping postures (recommended and preferred postures) on neck muscles activities and fatigue by measuring cervical muscles activities using electromyography. In the recommended posture (Model 1), the cervical and lumbar spine are horizontally aligned, while in the preferred posture (Model 2), the cervical spine is not aligned with lumbar spine. Methods: A total of nine healthy male subjects were asked to side rest with a pillow with adjustable height. The electromyography examinations were performed for upper trapezius (UT) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles of participants. After acquiring the anthropometric data, participants laid on mattress with medium hardness at the two postures for 30 minutes. Results: Comparison between the two models showed a significant difference ( ) in the level of electrical activity of neck muscles. In addition, a remarkable difference ( ) was observed in terms of neck muscle fatigue between the two tested models. Conclusions: The results indicate that the recommended posture developed and tested in this study would reduce the level of fatigue and activity of neck muscles during resting.
NIHAO V: too big does not fail – reconciling the conflict between ΛCDM predictions and the circular velocities of nearby field galaxies

We compare the half-light circular velocities, V_{1/2}, of dwarf galaxies in the Local Group to the predicted circular velocity curves of galaxies in the NIHAO suite of LCDM simulations. We use a subset of 34 simulations in which the central galaxy has a stellar luminosity in the range 0.5 x 10^5 2 x 10^6 L_{sun}. For lower luminosities our simulations predict very little halo response, and tend to over predict the observed circular velocities. In the context of LCDM, this could signal the increased stochasticity of star formation in haloes below M_{halo} \sim 10^{10} M_{sun}, or the role of environmental effects. Thus, haloes that are "too big to fail", do not fail LCDM, but haloes that are "too small to pass" (the galaxy formation threshold) provide a future test of LCDM.
STUDIES ON THE ONSET OF NUCLEATE BOILING IN MINI AND MICROCHANNELS 3 . 1 Models and Correlations

The present article summarizes the studies on the thermalhydraulic condition under which the onset of nucleate boiling (ONB) is triggered in subcooled flow boiling. Available correlations and experimental data show that the ONB is tended to be delayed in mini and microchannels. It is known that the ONB condition is significantly dependent on the surface condition even in conventional-sized channels. Accumulation of ONB data accompanied by the information on the surface condition is therefore considered of importance to elucidate the mechanisms of boiling incipience in microchannels. Discussion is also made for the bubble dynamics observed in mini and microchannels. It is indicated that the bubble behavior at ONB in mini and microchannels may significantly be different from that in conventional-sized channels and have greater impact on the system performance. Further studies on the bubble dynamics following nucleation at ONB are also requested to improve the design of heat transfer devices using mini and microchannels.
Bayesian Model Discrimination for Glucose-Insulin Homeostasis

In this paper we analyse a set of experimental data on a number of healthy and diabetic patients and discuss a variety of models for describing the physiological processes involved in glucose absorption and insulin secretion within the human body. We adopt a Bayesian approach which facilitates the reformulation of existing deterministic models as stochastic state space models which properly accounts for both measurement and process variability. The analysis is further enhanced by Bayesian model discrimination techniques and model averaged parameter estimation which fully accounts for model as well as parameter uncertainty. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are used, combining Metropolis Hastings, reversible jump and simulated tempering updates to provide rapidly mixing chains so as to provide robust inference. We demonstrate the methodology for both healthy and type II diabetic populations concluding that whilst both populations are well modelled by a common insulin model, their glucose dynamics differ considerably.
DETECTION OF BRAKE WEAR AEROSOLS BY 5 AEROSOL TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS 6 SPECTROMETRY 7 8 9

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Nice Work? Rethinking Managerial Control in an Era of Knowledge Work

This article assesses the ability of labour process theory (LPT) to account for the persistence of managerial control under the apparent conditions of greater autonomy and discretion we have come to associate with ‘knowledge Work’. LPT has traditionally problematized control around the need to resolve ‘the indeterminacy of labour’—that is, how do managers ensure that workers’ actual labouring efforts approach their potential labour power? In contrast, I propose that it is more useful to problematize control around the ‘indeterminacy of knowledge’—that is, how do managers ensure that workers’ cognitive efforts approach their full cognitive potential? A common response to the problem of the indeterminacy of knowledge has been to cede discretion to workers so that they can exercise their mental capabilities in order to provide their organizations with solutions to workplace problems. I will show, however, that this still requires the operation of disciplinary mechanisms that perpetuate managerial control under conditions that ostensibly reverse the separation of the conception and the execution of work tasks inherent in the logic of Taylorism.
The MOSDEF Survey: Broad Emission Lines at z = 1.4–3.8

We present results from the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field survey on broad flux from the nebular emission lines Hα, [N ii], [O iii], Hβ, and [S ii]. The sample consists of 127 star-forming galaxies at 1.37 < z < 2.61 and 84 galaxies at 2.95 < z < 3.80. We decompose the emission lines using narrow and broad Gaussian components that we define as having FWHM < 275 km s−1 and FWHM > 300 km s−1, respectively, for both individual galaxies and stacks. For individual galaxies, broad emission is detected at >3σ in <10% of galaxies and the broad flux accounts for 10%–70% of the total flux. In the stacks, we find a slight increase in broad to narrow flux ratio with mass but note that we cannot reliably detect broad emission with FWHM < 275 km s−1, which may be significant at low masses. When placed on the N2-BPT diagram ([O iii]/Hβ versus [N ii]/Hα), the broad components of the stacks are shifted toward higher [O iii]/Hβ and [N ii]/Hα ratios compared to the narrow component. We compare the location of the broad components to shock models and find that the broad component could be explained as a shocked outflow, but we do not rule out other possibilities, such as the presence of an AGN. We discuss the possible consequences of shocked emission on the galaxy location in emission line diagnostic diagrams and calculation of SFR. We attempt to estimate the mass outflow rate/star formation rate, but caution that our results strongly rely on the assumptions regarding the physical properties of the outflow.
Model Development of Children Under Mortality Rate With Group Method of Data Handling

in this research we examine aspects of the interdependence between economic development and the use of environmental and natural resources assets from global data published by united nations. for that purpose, we use data mining techniques.data mining techniques applied in this paper were: 1) group method of data handling (gmdh), originally from engineering, introducing principles of evolution - inheritance, mutation and selection - for generating a network structure systematically to develop the automatic model, synthesis, and its validation; 2) step wise regression were also applied for some cases.data sets for this research consist of one sets integration data of air quality data and macroeconomic data of the cross-country data of world development indicator 2003 (wdi 2003). the result shows that the mortality rate of children under five years old is dependent on sanitation and water facilities obtained from gmdh results. however, the results from step-wise regression shows that mortality rate was dependent on annual deforestation, particulate matter, nationally protected area, with the big contribution was from annual deforestation.
Yielding Behaviour of Viscoplastic Materials

Complex fluids exhibiting a yield stress have extremely variable shear properties ranging from elasto-plastic behaviour below the yield stress to viscous behaviour beyond that. The progressive elastic to plastic transition of viscoplastic materials can be explored by a number of rheological techniques including stress sweep, stress ramp, creep and strain recovery. The non-linear behaviour of such materials under different loading conditions can be investigated using a large amplitude oscillatory shear flow (LAOS) combined with Fourier-Transform (FT) harmonic analysis. Results from these rheological measurements provide a characteristic “rheological fingerprint” for complex materials exhibiting yield stress.
BEHAVIOR OF FLOWING BODIES NEAR A BIFURCATION: ELUCIDATING THE ZWEIFACH-FUNG EFFECT

The problem of the splitting of a suspension in bifurcating channels dividing into two branches of non equal flow rates is addressed. As observed for long, in particular in blood flow studies, the volume fraction of particles generally increases in the high flow rate branch and decreases in the other one. We focus here on the possibility of an attraction of the particles towards one branch through microfluidic experiments and two-dimensional simulations and show that it is directed towards the low flow rate branch. The enrichment in particles in the high flow rate branch is shown to be mainly a consequence of the initial distribution in the inlet branch, which shows necessarily some depletion near the walls.
Evolutionary optimized discrete Tchebichef moments for image compression applications

Evolutionary optimized coefficients of discrete orthogonal Tchebichef moment transform (TMT) are utilized in this study to ameliorate the quality of the traditional moments-based image compression methods. Most of the existing methods compute moment-transform coefficients for the input image and then select the coefficients sequentially downward to a certain order based on the desired compression ratio. However, the proposed method divides the input image into nonoverlapping square blocks of specic size in order to circumvent the problem of numerical instability and then computes the TMT coefficients for each block. In this work, a real-coded genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the TMT coefficients of each block, which produces reconstructed images of better quality for the desired compression ratio. Here the optimization is carried out by minimizing the mean square error function. Standard test images of two different sizes (128 � 128 and 256 � 256) have been subjected to the proposed compression method for the block sizes (4 � 4 and 8 � 8) in order to assess its performance. The results reveal that the proposed real-coded genetic algorithm-based method outperforms others, namely the conventional sequential selection method and simple random optimization method, for the chosen input images in terms of the task of compression.
A Reinforcement Learning Behavior Tree Framework for Game AI

This paper discussed the implementation of behavior tree technology in behavioral modeling domain. Existing framework can't provide the ability of reasoning while take into account the ability of learning. To solve this problem, we propose a reinforcement learning behavior tree framework based on reinforcement theory. Following our study, a QBot model is build based on the framework in the Raven platform, a popular test bed for game AI development. This paper carried out simulation experiments which include 3 opponent agents. The result shows that QBot outperforms the other 2 Raven_Bots which adopt the default agent model in Raven platform, and thus the result proves that the framework is advanced.
The Use of Metaphorical Connotation of Inanimate Objects to Describe People by Speakers of Jordanian Arabic: A Pragmatic Study

This paper aims to investigate the use of connotations of inanimate objects to describe people by speakers of Jordanian Arabic. Its main goal is to analyze the positive and negative connotative meanings of inanimate object used to describe people in Jordan. Besides, the contribution of gender in making connotative meanings. The study provides a metaphorical principle to suit most of the metaphorical utterances in Jordanian Arabic dialect. This qualitative research includes 8 participants doing their postgraduate program in English language and literature at the Department of English Language and Literature at Mu'tah University for the academic year 2015/2016. The sample of the study were selected randomly. The researcher used two research instruments: textual analysis and semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed using descriptive analysis of the text and by looking at themes that emerge in the interview. The findings of this research showed that speakers of Jordanian Arabic are very much likely to use positive connotations more than negative ones to describe people. This study recommends that more research be conducted in this area in order to take connotative meanings into consideration to overcome cultural chock. Keywords : Metaphor, Connotation, Inanimate Object, Arabic, Positive, Negative, Gender.
Redistribution of solvent and solute during drying of rubberwood impregnated with non-aqueous or aqueous liquids.

impregnated with a 1:l v/v mixture of 1-bromopropane and cyclohexane via their radial and tangential surfaces and allowed to dry slowly at 20 °C. X-radiography through the transverse surface showed that the concentrations of 1-bromopropane were consistently higher in the centre than in the periphery of the block. A similar impregnation using cyclohexane alone resulted in the concentration at the centre of the block being initially somewhat lower than that at the periphery. However, after part of the solvent had evaporated, the concentration at the centre was relatively much higher. Two rubberwood blocks were impregnated via their radial and tangential, and transverse surfaces with a solution of copper naphthenate in cyclohexane. The blocks were then covered so that evaporation of the solvent from one block took place only via the radial and tangential surfaces and from the other only via the transverse surfaces. Radiography of the former showed that copper concentration was high at the periphery and low at the centre of the block. Radiography of the latter block showed uniform copper distribution across the transverse section. The substitution of an aqueous solution of copper sulphate resulted in a similar behaviour. These observations support the view that rubberwood offers little resistance to impregnation by liquids. Drying of the treated wood is accompanied by considerable movement of the liquid to the periphery where evaporation takes place. Any involatile solute present is deposited at or near the surface.
S11-2 The utility of hotspot identification for forest management: cracids as bioindicators

Diverse species of large forest-dwelling vertebrates can serve as bio-indicators of forest quality. In the Neotropics, forest-dwelling game mammals have often been used as the model because their presence/absence can identify forest integrity and sustainability of game harvest together. Species such as ateline primates are often the first to disappear when forest is degraded and population harvest is beyond sustainable limits. In South America, one of the few groups of birds that can also serve in this way is the family Cracidae. This is especially true for curassows and guans, which are typically associated with pristine forest, and also provide a highly preferred source of protein for rural hunters and Amerindians. Determining where these species reach peak diversity in sympatry (i.e. hotspots) is a means of identifying and prioritizing regional forest conservation. In this study, I identify cracid hotspots by comparing equal blocks of regional map quadrats. The location of these hotspots is then compared with current regions identified in the Cracid Action Plan of Birdlife International and FAO. Hotspot analysis is a contemporary paradigm in modern conservation biology because of its usefulness in determining priorities for regional forest conservation.
The Color of Crime: The Case Against Race-Based Suspect Descriptions

Law enforcement in the United States relies on racial identifiers as a crucial part of suspect descriptions. Unlike racial profiling, this practice is regarded as both an essential tool for law enforcement and as an unproblematic use of race. However, given the racial history of the United States, such descriptors, particularly 'Black, " have developed in such a way to create an extremely large and unreliable category. Due to these factors, the use ofrace as a physical descriptor in suspect decisions is both discriminatory and inefficient. Employing race as an identifying characteristic allows law enforcement officers broad discretionary powers that can be used in a discrim? inatory manner, while ultimately proving counterproductive to the aims of effective law enforcement. As an alternative to using racial classifications, this Note proposes the development of a universal complexion chart that will allow officers to continue to collect the information necessary to create accu? rate suspect descriptions while lessening discriminatory impact.