Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and optical testing of the camera, hand lens, and microscope probe with scannable laser spectroscopy (CHAMP-SLS)

Conducting high resolution field microscopy with coupled laser spectroscopy that can be used to selectively analyze the surface chemistry of individual pixels in a scene is an enabling capability for next generation robotic and manned spaceflight missions, civil, and military applications. In the laboratory, we use a range of imaging and surface preparation tools that provide us with in-focus images, context imaging for identifying features that we want to investigate at high magnification, and surface-optical coupling that allows us to apply optical spectroscopic analysis techniques for analyzing surface chemistry particularly at high magnifications. The camera, handlens, and microscope probe with scannable laser spectroscopy (CHAMP-SLS) is an imaging/spectroscopy instrument capable of imaging continuously from infinity down to high resolution microscopy (resolution of ~1 micron/pixel in a final camera format), the closer CHAMP-SLS is placed to a feature, the higher the resultant magnification. At hand lens to microscopic magnifications, the imaged scene can be selectively interrogated with point spectroscopic techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, microscopic Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (micro-LIBS), laser ablation mass-spectrometry, Fluorescence spectroscopy, and/or Reflectance spectroscopy. This paper summarizes the optical design, development, and testing of the CHAMP-SLS optics.
MRI Brain Tumour Segmentation Based on Multimodal Clustering and Level-set Method

The process of partitioning an image into mutually exclusive regions is called image segmentation. Brain tumour segmentation is still a challenging task in MRI imaging. This paper presents a simple and efficient brain tumour segmentation approach, aiming to extract the whole tumour, based on multimodal clustering and level-set method. Two clustering techniques were used namely: Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) and Fuzzy c-mean (FCM). The Brain Tumour Segmentation database (BRATS) 2013 was used for the evaluation. For comparison, results of the common single-modal clustering using PSO and FCM with level-set were presented. The results revealed that the proposed method using multimodal PSO clustering is the best approach compared to single-modal clustering of PSO and FCM, or multimodal FCM.
A New Path from Splay to Dynamic Optimality

The search path to the accessed element s is rebuilt as follows. Number the nodes on the search path to s bottom up, starting at zero. Make s the root and attach to the root the two paths of smaller and larger nodes respectively. Then on both paths perform the following rotations. If the nodes numbered 2k + 1 and 2k+ 2 end up in the same path, perform a rotation on the edge connecting them. In the example, we perform rotations on the edges (5,6), (7,8), and (3,4). This description of splay is a global view of splay introduced in [CGK+15]. The standard description is a bottom-up rebuild of the search path. The cost of a search (the cost of serving a request) is the length of the search path and the cost of a sequence of searches is the sum of the costs of the individual searches. We use Cost(T,X) to denote the cost of serving X with initial tree T by splay.
Evaluation of the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Coffee Tree Wood Flour - Polypropylene Composites

Columbian coffee trees are subject to frequent replacement plantings due to disease and local climate changes, which makes them an ideal source of wood fibers for wood plastic composites (WPC). Composites of polypropylene (PP) consisting of 25% and 40% by weight of coffee wood flour (CF) and 0% or 5% by weight of maleated PP (MAPP) were produced by twin screw compounding and injection molding. Composites containing MAPP had significantly improved tensile and flexural properties compared to neat PP or composites without MAPP. Excellent mechanical properties were obtained with CF relative to conventional wood fillers. IZOD impact resistances of CF composites were significantly lower than neat PP although WPC containing MAPP were superior to WPC without MAPP. Bio-based fiber composites made by mixing CF in equal portions with other fiber sources were evaluated to determine the compatibility of using CF with other sources of filler materials. Soaking of tensile bars of the various CF blends in distilled water for 35 days may alter their mechanical properties and result in weight gain. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were conducted on the neat PP and bio-composites to evaluate their thermal properties as they relate to potential degradation during conventional thermoplastic resin processing.
hanges in size distributions of commercially exploited sharks over 25 years in orthern Australia using a Bayesian approach

Long-term vital rate and life-history data essential for sustainable harvest management are rare in tropical fisheries. Two commercially important shark species, Australian blacktip (Carcharhinus tilstoni) and spottail (C. sorrah) sharks in northern Australia have changed in size and population status over the last 25 years. These populations were exploited heavily from the early 1970s to the mid-1980s by foreign fishers, and since then have been harvested by a relatively small domestic fishery. We examined the differences in fork length of these species caught in 1983–1985 and 2002–2006 using Bayesian forms of generalised linear and mixed-effects models. We found clear regional differences and changes in size over time. For blacktips, sharks from the Gulf of Carpentaria have become smaller, and those from the western Northern Territory, larger over time. For spot-tail sharks, average size increased from the 1980s in the Gulf of ecovery Carpentaria, but not in the western Northern Territory. On average, sharks from the Gulf of Carpentaria were larger than those on the west coast of the Northern Territory, and females were larger than males. We suggest that changes over time and between regions in the size of spot-tail sharks are most likely due to over-exploitation in the past and subsequent recovery of populations. We discuss the uncertainty in trends for blacktip sharks in relation to fishing effort, availability of resources and species identification
The Impact of Data and Information in the State ’ s Economic Planning Dr .

It seems clear that the point of views prefer open economy and sectors vital roles in economy promotions, due to the changes and developments carried out around the world. This process needs human resource development and other boosting planning to get better economy development results. The efforts should be organized to obtain the targets, such as state developed economy, providing more income resources, which lead to various resources, least not to rely on the sole economy source, such as petrol, which may finished at any time. The development needs well organized plan of action in both types social system and capitalisms. This study presents the vital role of social system and capitalism plan of action in promoting the factors of 4P s in the marketing measurements. The study also shows the importance of planning in both socialist and capital mechanisms and the strategic promotions for better incomes and well organized economy development.
Crowdsourcing of Local Spatial and Historical Knowledge

Crowdsourcing and volunteered geographical information (VGI) have proven to be popular methods in many citizen science projects, but using the knowledge of the crowd in data mining of old maps is still rare. This paper presents the project “Stories of Places”, the aim of which is to collect spatial and subjective data about peaks based on a particular map of north Bohemia from 1927 using the author’s own web map application. The quality control of data is conducted by participants themselves: anyone involved in the project could validate the data. The results of the data collection are explored from statistical and spatial points of view as well as by the volunteers. Involved in the project were 19 participants from both inside and outside the region studied, proving that the public is able to analyse an old map. The results also showed differences in the way volunteers work, indicating that volunteers from the region are more suitable for collecting qualitative data. The results of the project from the perspective of the participants as well as the author are discussed in the conclusion.
Ranking from pairwise comparisons via SVD

We consider a simple SVD-based algorithm for the problem of ranking with pairwise comparisons. The setting we consider attributes an underlying strength to each player, and the available pairwise measurements capture a noisy difference of the strength offsets. We provide a detailed theoretical analysis in terms of robustness against both sampling sparsity and noise perturbations, for two different noise models, using results from matrix perturbation theory and random matrix theory. We augment our theoretical findings with a detailed set of numerical experiments on both synthetic and real data, showcasing the competitiveness of our simple SVDRank algorithm and its normalized extension, with other state-of-the-art methods that come with robustness guarantees.
Two-Photon Vibrational Transitions in 16O2+ as Probes of Variation of the Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio

Vibrational overtones in deeply-bound molecules are sensitive probes for variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio μ . In nonpolar molecules, these overtones may be driven as two-photon transitions. Here, we present procedures for experiments with 16 O 2 + , including state-preparation through photoionization, a two-photon probe, and detection. We calculate transition dipole moments between all X 2 Π g vibrational levels and those of the A 2 Π u excited electronic state. Using these dipole moments, we calculate two-photon transition rates and AC-Stark-shift systematics for the overtones. We estimate other systematic effects and statistical precision. Two-photon vibrational transitions in 16 O 2 + provide multiple routes to improved searches for μ variation.
Light driven seasonal patterns of chlorophyll and nitrate in the lower euphotic zone of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

The euphotic zone below the deep chlorophyll maximum layer (DCML) at Station ALOHA (a long‐term oligotrophic habitat assessment; 22°45′N, 158°00′W) transects the nearly permanently stratified upper thermocline. Hence, seasonal changes in solar radiation control the balance between photosynthesis and respiration in this lightlimited region. Combining profiles of radiance reflectance, algal pigments, and inorganic nutrients collected between January 1998 and December 2000, we explore the relationships between photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a), and the position of the upper nitracline in the lower euphotic zone. Seasonal variations in the water‐column PAR attenuation coefficient displace the 1% sea‐surface PAR depth from approximately 105 m in winter to 121 m in summer. However, the seasonal depth displacement of isolumes (constant daily integrated photon flux strata) increases to 31 m due to the added effect of changes in sea‐surface PAR. This variation induces a significant deepening of the DCML during summertime with a concomitant increase in chlorophyll a and the removal of 36 mmol m−2 inorganic nitrogen [NO3− + NO2−] in the 90–200‐m depth range, equivalent to approximately 34% of the annual flux of particulate nitrogen collected in sediment traps placed at 150 m. We conclude that in this oceanic region the annual light cycle at the base of the euphotic zone induces an increase in the phototrophic biomass analogous to a spring bloom event.
SARD: Thousands of Reference Programs for Software Assurance | NIST

One way to understand the strengths and limitations of software assurance tools is to use a corpus of programs with known bugs. The software developer can run a candidate tool on programs in the corpus to get an idea of the kinds of bugs that the tool finds (and does not find) and the false positive rate. The Software Assurance Reference Dataset (SARD) [16] at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is a public repository of hundreds of thousands of programs with known bugs. This article describes the content of SARD, how to find specific material, and ways to use it.
The effect of shape factors on simulated horse hoof displacement and strain

The effect of shape factors on simulated horse hoof displacement and strain K. ZHANG, P.G. LEANEY*, S,N,COLLINS, M. N.CALDWELL and J.D. REILLY Sports Technology Research Group, Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK 2 Farriery Department, Myerscough College, Myerscough Hall, St. Michael's Road, Bilsborrow, Preston, Lancashire, PR3 0RY 3 Centre for Innovative and Collaborative Engineering (CICE), Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU
1 CLONING AND SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF A VASA HOMOLOG IN THE 1 EUROPEAN SEA BASS ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) : TISSUE DISTRIBUTION AND mRNA 2 EXPRESSION LEVELS DURING EARLY DEVELOPMENT AND SEX 3 DIFFERENTIATION 4

25 Vasa is a protein expressed mainly in germ cells and conserved across taxa. However, sex26 related differences and environmental influences on vasa expression have not been documented. 27 This study characterized the cDNA of a vasa homolog in the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus 28 labrax, (sb-vasa), a gonochoristic fish with temperature influences on gonadogenesis. The 1911 29 bp open reading frame predicted a 637-amino acid protein with the eight conserved domains 30 typical of Vasa proteins. Comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequence with those of other 31 vertebrates and invertebrates revealed the highest homology (68–85%) with those of other 32 teleosts. An updated tree with the full-length sequences for Vasa proteins in 66 species 33 belonging to six different Phyla was constructed, establishing the evolutionary relationships of 34 Vasa amino acid sequences. European sea bass vasa was highly expressed in gonads with little 35 or no expression in other tissues. Real time RT-PCR quantification of the temporal expression 36 of sb-vasa from early development throughout sex differentiation showed that mRNA levels 37 were high in unfertilized eggs, decreased during larval development and increased again during 38 the period of germ cell proliferation. Rearing of fish at high temperature resulted in further 39 increased sb-vasa levels, most likely reflecting temperature effects on both somatic and gonadal 40 growth. Differences in expression were also found well before sex differentiation and persisted 41 until the end of the first year, with higher levels present in females. These differences in 42 expression demonstrate the implication of vasa during the initial stages fish sex differentiation 43 and gametogenesis and suggest that, through its helicase activity, it might be implicated in the 44 translational regulation of mRNAs involved in the specification and differentiation of gonadal45 specific cell types. 46
TOWARD A STRATEGY FOR THE CONSERVATION AND PROTECTION OF THE WORLD'S TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS

Temperate grasslands are one of the world's great biomes and were once home to some of the largest assemblages of wildlife the earth has ever known. Today these grasslands are considered the most altered terrestrial ecosystem on the planet and are recognized as the most endangered ecosystem on most continents. While species and habitat declines continue, temperate grasslands have the lowest level of protection of the world's 14 biomes. With only 4% of the biome under protected status, considerable effort will be required to increase this level of protection. Several international bodies have suggested that achieving at least a 10% level of protection should be considered a minimum, yet this is a monumental challenge in an ecosystem now so vastly altered. This paper presents a global overview of the status of protected areas in the context of the health and extent of the world's temperate grasslands and identifies the scope of remaining opportunities and regional priorities for increasing the level of protection. The Temperate Grasslands Conservation Initiative will facilitate international collaboration for, and develop a strategy to achieve, meaningful protection and sustainable use. The Northern Great Plains ecoregion is of international significance and can make a valuable contribution to the global restoration of the temperate grasslands biome.
PEG-Asparaginase Based Multidrug Chemotherapy is Effective for Refractory Disseminated Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma With Leptomentigeal Involvement: A Clinical Case Report and Review of Literature

Extranodal natural killer / T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoid malignancy derived from natural killer or cytotoxic T-cells. While many patients with early stage ENKTL can achieve complete remission after radiochemotherapy, patients with advanced stage, relapsed or refractory ENKTL usually respond poorly to conventional treatment. We present a case of ENKTL which did not respond to regular radiochemotherapy. One month after treatment, the disease progressed with dissemination to the mesenteric lymph nodes as well as central nervous system (CNS). However, the disease was effectively controlled by the addition of pegylated asparaginase (PEG-asparaginase), dexamethasone, and methotrexate to the regiment. Our data suggest that PEG-asparaginase based multidrug chemotherapy is a promising strategy to treat refractory and disseminated ENKTL involving the CNS. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.4021/jh60w
Desing of Multiphase Boost Converter for Hybrid Fuel Cell/Battery Power Sources

Alternative energy sources are becoming less and less “alternative”. Recent decade has been underlined with worldwide efforts in finding suitable long term alternatives to the carbon based energy sources. There is a multitude of very compelling reasons for investing extra effort – limited supply of natural resources, environmental, geopolitical and even economical reasons. Sun, wind and oceans are all being harnessed to provide stable and reliable energy. That energy is converted for immediate use or for storage in supercapacitors, chemical energy sources or as a derived chemicals (Hydrogen is produced, for instance). Next link in the alternative energy chain is efficient use. New supercapacitors are being developed and there are many different battery types already available on the market, each with its own unique application that optimizes efficiency of chemical conversion and number of charge/discharge cycles with minimum of capacity loss. Fuel cells are being used to efficiently reclaim energy stored in Hydrogen. The process has been well known for decades and is being used in power generation industry in high power systems. As the technology advanced, lower power applications were found – chemical industry was a big benefactor: most of the exhaust gasses could be reclaimed and have Hydrogen extracted in a simple, cost effective manner, ensuring a free energy supply once initial investment in fuel cells and regenerators has been made. Development of new materials helped further reduce costs and increase efficiency, and even low power fuel cells are now widely available. Even though there are still many new and exciting ongoing developments, the technology is now considered mature and ready for prime time. Fuel cells have a good history in many applications (chemical industry, power generation, transportation) and is considered a serious contender in many other industries. In some of these industries fuel cells will gain faster acceptance than in others. Material handling industry is among those where benefits of fuel cells can be easily documented and increased cost of initial implementation justified. A fuel cell based system that replaces standard forklift battery pack has many advantages, such as: fast refueling, longer run time between refueling, longer life of the energy source and low maintenance requirements.
The CAD-MDD : A Computerized Adaptive Diagnostic Screening Tool for Depression

Robert D. Gibbons, Ph.D.1, Giles Hooker, Ph.D.2, Matthew D. Finkelman, Ph.D.3, David J. Weiss, Ph.D.4, Paul A. Pilkonis, Ph.D.5, Ellen Frank, Ph.D.5, Tara Moore, M.A., M.P.H.5, and David J. Kupfer, M.D.5 1Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 2Department of Statistics, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 3Department of Public Health and Community Service, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston MA 4Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN 5Western Psychiatric Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
Psychopharmacology as part of treatment of anorexia nervosa inpatients: a clinical retrospective study

Anorexia nervosa is a serious psychiatric illness. Even though psychopharmacology is not officially approved for the treatment of anorexia nervosa, in recent years its use has increased. This study examines the psychopharmacological treatment of adolescent anorexia nervosa inpatients (n=82), at two adolescent psychiatric inpatient units of Kuopio University Hospital in the ten-year period of 2002 to 2012. At first admission, the average age of the patients was 14.7 years (SD=1.6) and BMI was 15.6 kg/m 2 (SD=1.7). Over 50% of the adolescents (n=46) also had comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. Psychopharmacological treatment was prescribed to 84% of the patients (n=69). SSRIs and mirtazapine were the most common antidepressants, while quetiapine and olanzapine were the most often used antipsychotics. Anxiolytic and sedative drugs were prescribed to half of the patients (n=40). Psychopharmacological treatment was rather well tolerated except for the antipsychotics that caused adverse effects in every second patient (n=23). At discharge, the psychosocial functioning of the patients had improved, their nutritional status was better (the body mass index changed towards the normal values) and there were reductions in symptoms associated with eating disorders.
Review of Player Personality Classifications to Inform Game Design

Studies have been completed which attempt to detect players' sentiment, and intensify game-play immersion. Emotions, while an indicator of experience, have been proposed to be 'reactive predictions' by the player, during interactions in game-play. Designers arrange core game-play mechanics, visuals and audio atmosphere to create mood. This arrangement of content and mechanics is crucial to ensuring the majority of players correctly choose an emotional context and feel the intended emotion based on stimuli. The proposed work is to identify classifications for players and contexts that improve player sensation thereby deepening game-play immersion, both vicarious and visceral immersion. A player's personality type influences their engagement with game genres and gameplay. The goal of proposed work is to assist designers in understanding the player personality type and design principals that address the preferences of these types. The game experience and user interface can be adapted to better suit a particular type. Players can also adopt a persona differing from their personality traits and this can also have positive outcomes in terms of immersion and engagement with the game and other players.