Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Process–Based Rating Curve to model suspended sediment concentration in Alpine environments

Abstract. A Process-Based Rating Curve (PBRC) approach to simulate mean daily suspended sediment concentration (SSC) as a function of different sediment sources and their activation by erosive rainfall (ER), snowmelt (SM), and icemelt (IM) in an Alpine catchment is presented. Similarly to the traditional rating curve, the PBRC relates SSC to the three main hydroclimatic variables through power functions. We obtained the hydroclimatic variables from daily gridded datasets of precipitation and temperature, implementing a degree-day model to simulate spatially distributed snow accumulation and snow-ice melt. We calibrated the PBRC parameters by an Iterative Input Selection algorithm to capture the characteristic response time lags, and by a gradient-based nonlinear optimization method to minimize the errors between SSC observations and simulations. We apply our approach in the upper Rhone Basin, a large Alpine catchment in Switzerland. Results show that all three hydroclimatic processes ER, SM, and IM are significant predictors of mean daily SSC (explaining 75 %, 12 % and 3 % of the total observed variance). Despite not using discharge in prediction, the PBRC performs better than the traditional rating curve, especially during validation at the daily scale and in reproducing SSC seasonality. The characteristic time lags of the three variables in contributing to SSC reflect the typical flow concentration times of the corresponding hydrological processes in the basin. Erosive rainfall determines the daily variability of SSC, icemelt generates the highest SSC per unit of runoff, and snowmelt-driven fluxes represent the largest contribution to total suspended sediment yield. Finally, we show that the PBRC is able to simulate changes in SSC in the past 40 years in the Rhone Basin connected to air temperature rise, even though these changes are more gradual than those detected in observations. We argue that a sediment source perspective on suspended sediment transport such as the PBRC may be more suitable than traditional discharge-based rating curves to explore climate-driven changes in fine sediment dynamics in Alpine catchments. The PBRC approach can be applied to any Alpine catchment with a pluvio-glacio-nival hydrological regime and adequate hydroclimatic datasets.
Training for Prevention of ACL Injury: Incorporation of Progressive Landing Skill Challenges Into a Program

ABSTRACT ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (ACL) INJURIES ARE PREVALENT IN SPORTS, WITH A HIGH CHANCE OF REINJURY AFTER SURGERY AND A 50% CHANCE OF OSTEOARTHRITIS IN LATER LIFE. PREVENTION OF THESE INJURIES IS ESSENTIAL; HOWEVER, MOST PROGRAMS, ALTHOUGH EFFECTIVE INITIALLY, MAY HAVE LOW ADHERENCE AND TRANSFERENCE TO SPORT BECAUSE OF THEIR LONG DURATION AND CLOSED SKILL (ACTIVITIES PERFORMED IN A SELF-PACED STABLE PREDICTABLE TRAINING ENVIRONMENT) APPROACH. THIS ARTICLE AIMS TO PROVIDE AN ABBREVIATED AND INTEGRATED ACL INJURY PREVENTION PROGRAM THAT ALSO INCORPORATES OPEN-SKILL RANDOM PRACTICE (NOT PREPLANNED) ACTIVITIES, WHICH SHOULD INCREASE TRANSFERENCE TO THE LESS PREDICTABLE AND MORE CHAOTIC SPORTING ENVIRONMENTS. FOR A VIDEO ABSTRACT OF THIS ARTICLE, SEE VIDEO, SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT 1, HTTP://LINKS.LWW. COM/SCJ/A127.
Dynamic Nonlinear Optical Processes in Some Oxygen-Octahedra Ferroelectrics: First Principle Calculations

The nonlinear optical properties and electro-optic effects of some oxygen-octahedra ferroelectrics are studied by the density functional theory (DFT) in the local density approximation (LDA) expressions based on first principle calculations without the scissor approximation. We present calculations of the frequency- dependent complex dielectric function and the second harmonic generation response coefficient over a large frequency range in tetragonal and rhombohedral phases. The electronic linear electro-optic susceptibility is also evaluated below the band gap. These results are based on a series of the LDA calculation using DFT. The results for are in agreement with the experiment below the band gap and those for are compared with the experimental data where available.
Recent Advances in Theory and Applications of Electromagnetic Metamaterials

1Advanced Computing and Simulation Laboratory (AχL), Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia 2ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia 3Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany 4Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China 5State Kay Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Escherichia coli Protein Sequences : Functional and Evolutionary Implications

As of August 1994, the sequence of approximately 60% of the Escherichia coli chromosome, which consists of about 4,720 kbp, was available; this information is being accumulated in at least three independent databases (28, 46, 56). Translation of the genes contained in the EcoSeq7 database (46) results in 2,328 protein sequences that in turn make up about 60% of all proteins encoded in the E. coli genome. Obviously, an enormous amount of valuable information on the physiology of the bacterial cell and its evolution is encrypted in these sequences. Extracting this information to the fullest and using it as a platform for future, rationally designed experiments is one of the principal components of the E. coli genome project (13). In fact, to a considerable extent, this is what makes the determination of the complete genome sequence such a worthy task; of course, this is true of any genome project, not only E. coli (8). The availability of the complete set of protein sequences from one organism, and especially the possibility to compare such sequence sets from different, evolutionarily distant organisms, e.g., E. coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae or E. coli and Bacillus subtilis, will allow one to address fundamental questions that even very recently seemed to be completely out of reach. Here are a few of these basic questions. What is the extent of functional prediction based on protein sequence, and how precise can this prediction be? What is the minimal set of conserved, housekeeping genes that supports the functioning of a bacterial cell? What specific genes define the physiological differences between bacteria? How conserved or how divergent are different functional groups of proteins between bacteria and eukaryotes and between different bacteria? What is the extent of gene duplication in the bacterial genome evolution, and what is typically duplicated— a single gene, an operon, or an even larger group of genes? Which functions benefit from diversification and are performed by multiple related proteins, and which are secured by unique proteins? To what extent can we realistically hope to reconstruct the genome organization of the common ancestor of all bacteria and that of the hypothetical progenote (58), the ultimate common ancestor of bacteria, eukaryotes, and members of the Archaea? Our ability to adequately address these and other important questions depends both on the completeness of the available sequence data and on the power of computer methods for sequence analysis. Obviously, the final answers still belong to the future, if only because not a single complete bacterial genome sequence is currently available, but it is not a remote future any more. The collection of 60% of the E. coli protein sequences seems to be an appropriate starting point for a pilot project on comprehensive analysis of the set of proteins encoded in a bacterial genome (E. V. Koonin, R. L. Tatusov, and K. E. Rudd, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, in press). In this chapter, we summarize the preliminary results of such a project.
Pitfalls in Teaching Judgment Heuristics

Demonstrations of judgment heuristics typically focus on how heuristics can lead to poor judgments. However, exclusive focus on the negative consequences of heuristics can prove problematic. We illustrate the problem with the representativeness heuristic and present a study (N = 45) that examined how examples influence understanding of the representativeness heuristic. Students received a definition of the heuristic, a definition plus examples of the heuristic leading to poor judgment, or a definition plus examples of the heuristic leading to both good and poor judgments. The results suggest that providing examples of heuristics leading only to poor judgments undermined comprehension.
Simulation of the effects of naturally enhanced UV-radiation on photosynthesis of Antarctic phytoplankton

ABSTRACT: The effects of spectral exposure corresponding tonormal and depleted stratospheric ozone concentrations onphotosynthesis and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs)contents of different natural phytoplankton communities werestudied in early austral summer 1995/1996 during the JGOFS ANTXIII/2 cruise in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean. Theradiation conditions were simulated in a special solar simulator inwhich the same sample was incubated under 2 light regimesdiffering in UV-B doses. In all phytoplankton samples the quantumyield of electron transport in photosystem II (PSII) decreased afterincubation under increased ultraviolet radiation (UVR) levels. Onlysamples outside of phytoplankton blooms showed a significantlowering of photosynthetic production rate due to enhanced UV-B.Phytoplankton cells within the blooms probably received protectionfrom UV-absorbing MAAs, because only there cells, chains orcolonies of phytoplankton communities were large enough to act incombination with MAAs as effective sunscreens. In addition, withinthe blooms, due to shallow upper mixed layers (UMLs) andstability within the water column, cells had probably enough light tomaintain turnover rates of repair mechanisms at PSII and inducesufficient MAA synthesis; these processes were able tocompensate for the negative effects of UVR. In contrast, thedamaging effect on photosynthesis was much more severe onphytoplankton cells outside the blooms; most cells (70 to 90%)here were too small to receive protection from the MAAs present,and UMLs were deep and mixing rates high.
Nano‐opto‐mechanical effects in plasmonic waveguides

In order to achieve interaction between light beams, a mediating material object is required. Nonlinear materials are commonly used for this purpose. Here a new approach to control light with light, based on a nano‐opto‐mechanical system integrated in a plasmonic waveguide is proposed. Optomechanics of a free‐floating resonant nanoparticle in a subwavelength plasmonic V‐groove waveguide is studied. It is shown that nanoparticle auto‐oscillations in the waveguide induced by a control light result in the periodic modulation of a transmitted plasmonic signal. The modulation depth of 10% per single nanoparticle of 25 nm diameter with the clock frequencies of tens of MHz and the record low energy‐per‐bit energies of 10−18 J is observed. The frequency of auto‐oscillations depends on the intensity of the continuous control light. The efficient modulation and deep‐subwavelength dimensions make this nano‐optomechanical system of significant interest for opto‐electronic and opto‐fluidic technologies.
Targeting PI 3 K / AKT / mTOR Pathway in the Breast Cancer Therapy

Breast cancer has been one of the most common diseases in the worldwide, and the incidence of breast cancer tends to rise especially in the female groups. Recent studies showed that mutations with 48% PI3CA genes and 16% PTEN genes occurred in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), a histologic subtype of invasive breast cancer [1-3]. Activated p-AKT plays an important role in proliferation, differentiation and survival of cells. There were studies showed that high activity of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal induced resistance of chemotherapy and HER2-targeted therapy [4]. Therefore, inhibitors targeting EGFR and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway have emerged as potential treatment for the breast cancer [5-8]. Currently, more and more inhibitors targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway have been identified as promising drugs alone or in combination with other chemotherapy. So we will share our views on the preclinical and clinical results that inhibitors targeted PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway in the treatment of different subtypes of breast cancer.
A Spatio-Temporal Study on Urbanization in the Darjeeling Himalaya: A Demographic Perspective

In this paper an attempt has been made to identify the nature and present scenario of urbanization and their constraints to economic development and future prospect. Urbanization is usually thought to be a consequence of the growth of large scale industries, expansion of administrations, development of transport and communication and growth of trading activities. As a process, urbanization has not been deeply involved in the economic emancipation of this hill region, but there is no denying the fact that acting as major nodes, they have always taken a leading role in its economic reorganization. The current paper is based on the analysis of secondary data from Census of India (1981-2011) and other Government publications and some observation in the area. These throw light on the vice-versa relationship of the urbanization in this Himalayan region and its impact on development. The study revealed that the Darjeeling Himalaya experience the fluctuation of urban growth in compare to rural areas due to demographic factor. The population is increasing tremendously and as a result the urban problems are mounting over the local authority especially in town areas where the infrastructure facility is limited. Demographic planning for the region must include both population limitation and migration control, through a combination of socio-economic incentives and legal controls. Hence the urban centres of this region need to be controlled and directed in a sustainable path.
FINITE-BOUNDARY BOWTIE APERTURE ANTENNA FOR TRAPPING NANOPARTICLES

We have found that a single flnite-boundary bowtie aperture (FBBA) antenna with gap separation of 10nm between its tips is capable of conflning the electric fleld to a 18nm £ 18nm region (‚=39:4) at 5nm beneath the gold fllm and enhancing its near- fleld intensity by 1,800-fold inside the gap. The FBBA antenna is thus able to provide enhanced trapping potential by virtue of such extraordinarily high (but exponentially decaying) optical near-flelds. We have been able to show that 12nm gold nanoparticles can, in principle, be trapped by the FBBA antenna with 20nm gap separation; stable trapping is assured where the trapping potential is found to be several times higher than Brownian-motion potential in water. In addition to trapping nanoparticles, this simple but e-cient FBBA antenna may flnd application in near-fleld optical data storage.
Supervised Descriptive Rule Discovery : A Survey of the State-ofthe-Art C

The supervised descriptive rule discovery concept groups a set of data mining techniques whose objective is to describe data with respect to a property of interest. Among the techniques within this concept are the subgroup discovery, emerging patterns and contrast sets. This contribution presents the supervised descriptive rule discovery concept within the data mining literature. Specifically, it is important to remark the main difference with respect to other existing techniques within classification or description. In addition, a a survey of the state-of-the-art about the different techniques within supervised descriptive rule discovery throughout the literature can be observed. The paper allows to the experts to analyse the compatibilities between terms and heuristics of the different data mining tasks within this concept.
How Endowed versus Earned Progress Affects Consumer Goal Commitment and Motivation

Because consumers ask different questions to establish commitment at beginning versus advanced stages of goal pursuit, we propose that progress that they attribute to themselves and to the situation will have a distinctive impact on motivation, depending on their relative position in goal pursuit. When progress on achieving a goal is low, people are concerned about its attainability. Because attributing low progress to self (vs. to the situation) signals a higher difficulty of goal attainment, it leads to lower goal commitment and, subsequently, decreased motivation. Conversely, when progress on achieving the goal is high and attainment of the goal is relatively secured, people are more concerned about the value of the goal. Because attributing a high progress to self (vs. to the situation) signals a greater value of the goal, it should lead to greater goal commitment and, subsequently, higher motivation.
2A - the "go-to" technology for transgene co-expression

In order to co-express multiple genes for biotechnological and biomedical applications, several approaches have been used with varying degrees of success. Currently, internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements and “selfcleaving” 2A peptides are the most widely used. The length of the IRES can be prohibitive and IRES-dependent translation of the second open reading frame is often significantly reduced. 2A peptides have gained in popularity due to their small size and ability to consistently produce discrete proteins at an equal level. Here, we promote the use of these sequences as the “go-to” technology for co-expression of multiple proteins.
Trustworthy DDoS Defense: Design, Proof of Concept Implementation and Testing

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks based on HTTP and HTTPS (i.e., HTTP(S)-DDoS) are increasingly popular among attackers. Overlay-based mitigation solutions attract small and mediumsized enterprises mainly for their low cost and high scalability. However, conventional overlay-based solutions assume content inspection to remotely mitigate HTTP(S)-DDoS attacks, prompting trust concerns. This paper reports on a new overlay-based method which practically adds a third level of client identification (to conventional per-IP and per-connection). This enhanced identification enables remote mitigation of more complex HTTP(S)-DDoS categories without content inspection. A novel behaviorbased reputation and penalty system is designed, then a simplified proof of concept prototype is implemented and deployed on DeterLab. Among several conducted experiments, two are presented in this paper representing a single-vector and a multi-vector complex HTTP(S)-DDoS attack scenarios (utilizing LOIC, Slowloris, and a custom-built attack tool for HTTPSDDoS). Results show nearly 99.2% reduction in attack traffic and 100% chance of legitimate service. Yet, attack reduction decreases, and cost in service time (of a specified file) rises, temporarily during an approximately 2 minutes mitigation time. Collateral damage to non-attacking clients sharing an attack IP is measured in terms of a temporary extra service time. Only the added identification level was utilized for mitigation, while future work includes incorporating all three levels to mitigate switching and multi-request per connection attack categories. key words: Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, application level attacks, network security, overlay networks
Design and Implementation of Agricultural Information Acquisition System Based on ZigBee and Qt

This paper introduces the design and implementation of agricultural products information collection system based on Qt and ZigBee platform. It consists of three subsystems mainly based in acquisition of images, temperature and humidity values which are passed to the regional gateway. The regional gateway is equipped with embedded Linux operating system and deployed Qt runtime library. The function of transmitting the static image of agricultural products and the temperature and humidity to the regional gateway through the ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network is realized, the pH value, electrical conductivity and light intensity of the growth environment of agricultural products were measured by using Qt library combined with sensor cluster, it can store, display and query the image, electrical conductivity and other parameters in the regional gateway.
PoeTryMe : a versatile platform for poetry generation

PoeTryMe is a platform for the automatic generation of poetry. It has a versatile architecture that provides a high level of customisation. The user can deﬁne features that go from the poem conﬁguration and the sentence templates, to the initial seed words and generation strategy. A prototype was implemented based on PoeTryMe to generate Portuguese poetry, using natural language processing resources for this language, and patterns that denote semantic relations in human-created poetry. The possible results are illustrated by three generated poems.
Platform-independent 3D Sound Iconic Interface to Facilitate Access of Visually Impaired Users to Computers

While the introduction of Graphic User Interfaces (GUIs) facilitated the interaction of normally sighted users with computers, these benefits are not equally extended to partially sighted individuals that suffer from limited visual acuity. The Lighthouse Inc. has indicated that approximately 8.7 million Americans who are 45 or older report a severe vision impairment that cannot be corrected by wearing eyeglasses or contact lenses. When a computer user has uncorrected visual impairments, the identification and selection of icons in a GUI may become significantly more difficult than for a normally sighted user. This paper describes the development of a platform-independent implementation of “3D Sound Icons”. In addition to their graphical representation, each icon in this interface has a characteristic spatial sound (3Dsound), which is perceived by the user according to the spatial relationship between the screen cursor (listener), and the graphical icon (sound source), in the plane of the interface screen. This way, the user can supplement the visual information with spatial auditory information to identify the target icon and navigate towards it. The platform-independent implementation uses Digital Signal Processing functions that are capable of transforming an audio signal lacking spatial characteristics, into audio signals that provide the illusion of a point sound source located in a specific spatial location with respect to the listener. Platform-independence is critical in this application, because it will extend the benefits of the enhanced interface to users of a variety of operating systems (Windows, MacOS, etc.,) and types of computers (desktops, notebooks, palmtops, etc.)
Multi-agent system approach for improved real-time visual summaries of geographical data streams

Interdisciplinary efforts are needed to support visual exploration and analysis of spatio-temporal data streams from sensor networks, depending on the size and complexity of data that must be analysed before being displayed. For this, several emerging approaches have been proposed known as 'Visual Summaries' of datasets that will help users find what is most important and interesting to visualise in the mass of available information. In this paper, we present an approach for generating automatically the visual summaries in real time. For this, we have adopted chorem-based visual representations of territories issued from both geometric and semantic generalisation. Our approach relies on a multi-agent framework; an extraction knowledge agent is able to extract important spatiotemporal patterns of data streams coming from a sensor network as interesting regions, and a visualisation agent which displays those patterns as simplified maps. We validate this model with an example taken from the meteorology field.