Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the Isobornyl Groups of the Grafted Poly(acrylate) Chains on the Tensile Properties and Low Temperature Flexibility of Polyurethane

A series of polyurethanes (PUs) grafted with poly(isobornyl acrylate) (PIBA) was prepared to form a series (denoted the I series), which was compared with the PUs containing free PIBA (denoted the C series). The bulky and rigid bicyclic isobornyl groups attached to the PIBA chains were intended to hinder the molecular interactions between PU chains and improve the low temperature flexibility of the PUs. The soft segment melting temperature (Tm) was not changed by the increase of the isobornyl acrylate (IBA) content; however, the enthalpy change of melting (ΔHm) sharply decreased. The C series PUs did not exhibit similar differences in response to the IBA content change. The tensile strength of the I series sharply increased at low IBA content due to the physical crosslinking and decreased at high IBA content due to the repulsion between PU chains. The I series demonstrated an improved low temperature flexibility compared with the unmodified and the C series PUs.
Coupled ZnO/TiO2 Nanorods Deposited in the Pores of Expanded Graphite Prepared by Microwave Irradiation

Expanded graphite (EG) was prepared by microwave irradiation at 1000W for 60s. The growth of coupled ZnO/TiO2 nanonods in the pores of EG by using hydrolysis method without harsh conditions was investigated and their microstructure was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that pores of EG, which can load catalytic nanoparticles, is the physical base for growth of catalytic nanorods. The active edges of graphene of freshly EG is a key factor for the growth of coupled ZnO/TiO2 nanorods under non-catalytic and normal temperature and pressure conditions.
Behaviors of Leucine and Isoleucine in Ion Mobility‐Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

In this study, ion mobility separation coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (IM-tandem MS) was utilized to investigate the ionization behaviors of two amino acids including leucine and isoleucine. Under the electrospray ionization (ESI) mode, two protonation sites in each molecular sturcture caused two forms of protomer. One arose from the amino being protonated (amino-protomer) and the other from the carboxyl being protonated (carboxyl-protomer). In the two-dimensional (drift time, m/z) spectrum, the protomers had the same mass, but the distinguishable drift times and fragmentation patterns. For the characterization purpose, the theoretical collision cross section (CCS) values of the protomers were calculated and proven to be consistent with the experimental. Moreover, the quantified relationship between the amino acids and their protomers was evaluated. It showed that the abundance of the carboxyl-protomer was proportional to the concentration of the amino acid, whereas that of the amino-protomer did not have the same trend. Under the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mode, only the carboxyl-protomer was observed. In addition, the amino-protomer and the cluster ions observed under ESI were absent completely. The results demonstrate that the ionization mode impacts heavily on the ionization behaviors of leucine and isoleucine not only on the form of therir protomers but also on the quantified relationship.
The Effect of Propylene Oxide on Microstructure of Zirconia Monolithic Aerogel

Uncracked zirconia (ZrO2) monolithic aerogels were prepared using a sol–gel process accompanied by high temperature supercritical fluid drying technology. Moreover, the experimental results on microstructure of ZrO2 aerogels modified by PO (propylene oxide) were reported. As more PO added to the starting solution, pH rose and the gel time decreased. SEM and N2 adsorption–desorption curves showed that the particle With the molar ratio of PO to Zr increasing from 0 to 2.5, size and connectivity of network of ZrO2 aerogels increased, while average pore radius increased from 6.6 nm to 15.1 nm then decreased to 8.5nm and pore volume increased from 1.2 cc/g to 1.87 cc/g then decreased to 1.44 cc/g.
Effects of surface treatment on the surface chemistry of NiTi alloy for biomedical applications

Alloys of NiTi have gained popularity in biomedical applications; however, Ni is known to cause toxic and allergic reactions in the body, and concerns have been expressed regarding the material's biocompatibility. In this study, coupons of equiatomic NiTi were prepared by four methods, namely, mechanically polishing to a mirror finish, electropolishing, chemical etching and argon plasma etching, to produce various levels of roughness, and then examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), XPS and AES. The resulting surface chemistry depended upon the method of preparation and was found not to be a function of surface roughness. The mechanically polished samples, although having the smoothest surface, showed the highest level of Ni in the near-surface region. The other preparation methods produced surfaces that were predominantly TiO2, with the electropolished surfaces showing the next smoothest surface and the least Ni in the near-surface region. The correlation between method of preparation, surface roughness and surface chemistry may be important in the preparation of NiTi for biomedical applications. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enzymatic U(VI) reduction by Desulfosporosinus species

Summary Here we tested U(VI) reduction by a Desulfosporosinus species (sp.) isolate and type strain (DSM 765) in cell suspensions (pH 7) containing 1mM U(VI) and lactate, under an atmosphere containing N2-CO2-H2 (90:5:5). Although neither Desulfosporosinus species (spp.) reduced U(VI) in cell suspensions with 0.25 Na-bicarbonate or 0.85 NaCl, U(VI) was reduced in these solutions by a control strain, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (ATCC 642). However, both Desulfosporosinus strains reduced U(VI) in cell suspensions depleted in bicarbonate and NaCl. No U(VI) reduction was observed without lactate and H2 electron donors or with heat-killed cells, indicating enzymatic U(VI) reduction. Uranium(VI) reduction by both strains was inhibited when 1mM CuCl2 was added to the cell suspensions. Because the Desulfosporosinus DSM 765 does not contain cytochrome c3 used by Desulfovibrio spp. to reduce U(VI), Desulfosporosinus species reduce uranium via a different enzymatic pathway.
Association of Inclusion Compounds of β-Cyclodextrin in Aqueous Solution

Inclusion compounds in the systems naphthalene–β-cyclodextrin (CDx) and 2-methoxynaphthalene (MN)–o-dicyanobenzene (DB)–β-cyclodextrin in aqueous solution were studied by means of absorption and fluorescence spectra. In the former system a naphthalene excimer fluorescence was observed. By the analyses of the concentration dependence of the absorption spectra and the excimer fluorescence intensities, the species responsible for the excimer fluorescence is identified as a 2:2 inclusion compound which is formed by association of two 1:1 naphthalene–CDx inclusion compounds, not a 2:1 inclusion compound in which two naphthalene molecules enter into the cavity of one CDx molecule. In the latter system, absorption and fluorescence spectra due to a charge transfer complex of MN with DB were observed. By analyses similar to the naphthalene case, the existence of a 1:1:2 association compound formed between a MN–CDx inclusion compound and a DB–CDx inclusion compound is confirmed. Fluorescence quenching by I− and IO3.
Calculations on the ions and lowest π triplet states of some conjugated hydrocarbons

A steepest descent procedure which can be used in an iterative calculation of the unrestricted bond order matrices for any system is described. The method is used to calculate unrestricted bond order matrices for the ions and lowest π triplet states of naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene and azulene. Spin densities and net charges on each carbon atom in these systems together with triplet excitation energies and ionization potentials are found and compared with experiment. Unrestricted wave functions are not in general eigenfunctions of the total spin operator but this situation can be improved by using projection operators and annihilators. Spin properties of the wave function both before and after a single annihilation are discussed together with the effect of annihilation on spin densities and energy values.
On the Hydrodynamic Stability of Flat-burner Flames

Abstract We study wrinkled premixed flames held off a flat burner at much greater distances than the front thickness. We first show that the Landau-Darrieus hydrodynamic instability is weaker than for free flames. Using the weak-thermal-expansion method. we then build a non-linear evolut ion for the flame dynamics. which includes gravity effects and the curvature-induced local changes in burning speed in addition to the burner-affected hydrodynamic instability. This equation gives a means to compute the stand-off distance of the wrinkled flame and its shape in terms of the inlet flow rate and the wrinkle wavelength ; hence multiple solutions are predicted. and a selection mechanism is proposed. Finally, the hydrodynamic perturbations inside the burner are included, and are shown to be destabilizing.
Recombination kinetics in subdiffusive media

We study the kinetics of the recombination reaction in subdiffusive media, where the displacement of reactants r(t) follows 〈r2(t)〉∝tα with 0<α<1. We derive a rigorous fractional reaction–diffusion equation from a continuous time random walk model and calculate the kinetics of recombination reaction on the basis of this equation. The survival probability of a particle starting at r0 has an asymptotic time dependence of t−α/2 for both the perfectly absorbing and the partially reflecting boundary conditions. The change in the boundary condition alters only the coefficient for the asymptotic time dependence. The asymptotic time dependence of the survival probability is confirmed by the numerical simulations and supported by the results of a lattice model.
Dependence of electrostatic charging currents on fluid properties

The dependence of the electrical charging of hydrocarbons on the chemical nature of non-hydrocarbon additives has been investigated. An improved apparatus and technique allowed the authors to obtain data for new fluid systems over a wide range of solution conductivities and flow velocities. Currents and voltages have been measured from insulated stainless steel tubes, for different concentrations of polar species in hydrocarbon solutions, for Reynolds numbers of 1800 to 35,000. Recent electrification theories explain the charging process on the basis of a diffusion-controlled process. The magnitudes of the charging currents can be predicted using the usual mass transfer analogies. Experimental results, obtained for different polar additives studied, agreed with the theory. The sign of the measured current is not predicted theoretically. Potentials of both signs are observed. The particular sign obtained seems to be determined by the chemical nature of the polar additive. Different additives of similar chemical structure all give one sign. On a etudie la relation de dependence entre la charge electrique d'hydrocarbures et la nature chimique d'adjuvants qui ne sont pas des hydrocarbures. Les auteurs ont pu, au moyen d'un appareil et d'une techniqque ameliores, obtenir des donnees sur de nouveaux systemes fluides, et ce sur une echelle etendue de conductivites de solutions et de vitesses d'ecoulement. On a mesure les courants et les tensions, a partir de tubes isoles en acier inoxydable, dans le cas de concentrations differentes de produits polaires dans des solutions d'hydrocarbures et pour des nombres de Reynolds variant entre 1,800 et 35,000. Des theories recentes d'electrisation expliquent le procede de charge qui serait regle par diffusion. On peut predlre l'ampleur des courants de charge par analogie avec le transfert de masse ordinaire. Les resultats experimentaux qu'on a obtenus dans l'etude de differents adjuvants polaires concordent avec la theorie. On ne predit pas theoriquement le signe du courant mesure. On a observe des tensions positives et negatives et le signe particulier qu'on obtient semble ětre determine par la nature chimique de l'adjuvant polaire. Differents adjuvants de měme structure chimique n'indiquent qu'un signe.
Structure of 4-Chlorobenzyl Alcohol

C 6 H 4 ClCH 2 OH cristallise dans le systeme monoclinique avec le groupe d'espace P2 1 . Affinement de la structure jusqu'a 0,04 1 . La molecule adopte une forme trans par rapport aux positions de l'atome H(O) et du groupe aryl. La structure se caracterise par des chaines de liaisons hydrogene O-H.O s'etendant le long d'un axe 2 1
Nutrient Availability and Changes in Microbial Biomass Of Organic Amendments During Field Incubation

Field evaluation of release and availability of nutrients and potentially toxic elements from composts is necessary to estimate their nutrient contribution to crops, potential effect on soil and environmental quality. A biosolids (BSD), a yard waste (YW), and a West Palm Beach cocompost (WPCC) were incubated under field conditions in a citrus grove on an Oldsmar fine sandy soil (sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Alfic Arenic Haplaquods). The incubation columns and the soil underneath each column were sampled on 0, 240, and 360 days after incubation and analyzed for KCl extractable NH4-N and NO3-N, 0.5 M NaHCO3 extractable P, and Mehlich 3 extractable K, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and microbial biomass. The total concentration and extractable proportion of each element greatly varied among the three organic amendments. Approximately 34-73% of K, 1-14% of Fe, 7-68% of Zn, 7-47% of Mn, and 2-34% of Cu in the three organic amendments were extractable by the Mehlich 3 reagent at the beginning of incubation. Incubation of these amendments under field conditions for a period of 1 yr increased the availability of N, P, K, and several micronutrients including Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn. Microbial biomass-C and -P were markedly increased during the field incubation. However, the BSD, containing high total C and other nutrients, produced less microbial biomass-C than the two composts. The rapid increase in concentrations of available metals including Cu, Zn, and Mn in the BSD during the incubation may have adverse effects on microbial biomass growth and proliferation in this compost. A combination of BSD and YW improved conditions for the microbial biomass growth as evidenced by the increase in microbial biomass C and P of this combination during the course of incubation.
Resonant Scattering of Phonons by Two-Level Impurities

Application of the thermodynamic Green's functions is made to the study of phonen scattering by impurities that have two distinct integral configurations corresponding to different energy eigenvalues. Operators are defined which do the function of transferring the impurities from one state to another, and the Hamiltonian of the system is phenomenologically expressed in terms of these. Imaginary phonon Green's functious are calculated, using finite-temperature S-matrix expansion and diagrammatic representation. It is found that the phonon relaxation time, which is obtained from these Green's functions, explicitly involves a temperature dependent factor. Es werden die thermodynamischen Greenschen Funktionen fur die Untersuchung der Phononenstreuung durch Storstellen benutzt, die unterschiedliche innere Konfigurationen entsprechend verschiedenen Eigenwerten. Operatoren werden, die die Funktion des Ubergangs der Storstellen Zustand in den and und der Hamiltonoperator des Systems Phanomen mit diesen Termen. Imaginarzeitige Greensche Funktionen der Phonons werden mit der S-Matrix-Entwick-lung endlicher Temperatur und graphischer berechnet. Es wird gefunden, das die Phononenrelaxationszeit, die aus diesen Greenschen Funktionen erhalten, explizit einen temperaturabhangigen Faktor enthalat.
HI-observations of blue compact dwarf galaxies

We present HI-observations of 56 blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxies of which 44 have been detected in the 21-cm line from neutral hydrogen with the 100-m radiotelescope at Effelsberg. Optical data (e.g., from NED) and HI data from other observers and telescopes are used to estimate the likelihood of confusion from other galaxies within the Effelsberg beam. The selected 29 BCD galaxies without any sign of confusion are used to infer several characteristic properties of the BCD galaxy population. In some respects, they resemble normal galaxies: e.g., the relations between global parameters like linear diam- eter A0 versus blue luminosity LB and the MHI/LB ratio vs. LB. At least five of these BCDGs emit milli-Jansky level radio continuum emission.
Simultaneous Use of Observed and Calculated Standard Profiles in Quantitative XRD Analysis of Minerals by the Multiphase Rietveld Method: The Determination of Pseudorutile in Mineral Sands Products

Abstract In conventional multiphase Rietveld refinement, now being used for quantitative phase determination, the crystal structure of each phase needs to be known in order to generate a calculated standard pattern of the phase to be refined against the measured XRD pattern. This is a disadvantage when the structural data for a phase are imperfect or unknown and may prevent an analysis. A method is given whereby a phase with an imperfectly known or unknown crystal structure can be included in a multiphase Rietveld refinement, with other well-characterised phases, by use of an empirical or “observed” hkl file for that phase, with the SIROQUANT software package. The amplitudes 1F(hkl)1 in the empirical hkl file of the phase generate a reference profile for it which agrees with a measured standard pattern of the phase. Methods are given for the creation and scaling of empirical or “observed” phase hkl datasets. The Rietveld variable parameters (preferred orientation, linewidth, lineshape and unit cell) are refinable in the usual way for a phase with an empirical hkl dataset.
Fe-substituted SrTiO3−δ–Ce0.9Gd0.1O2 composite anodes for solid oxide fuel cells

A new composite solid oxide fuel cell anode material, SrTi1−xFexO3−δ mixed with Gd-doped ceria, was tested in La0.9Sr0. 1Ga0.8Mg0. 2O3−δ electrolyte-supported cells with La0.4Ce0. 6O2 barrier layers and La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Co0. 2O3 cathodes. The x = 0.7 composition had an anode polarization resistance of 0.17 Ω cm2, at 800 °C in humidified H2, much lower than the value 0.39 Ω cm2 measured for x = 0.4 and 3.14 Ω cm2 for x = 0. The reduced polarization resistance correlated with increased oxygen non-stoichiometry δ, which suggests that it may be related to increased ionic conductivity. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements at 800 °C on the x = 0.7 anode cell showed a main response centered at ∼1 Hz that increased with decreasing hydrogen partial pressure. The maximum power density observed was for the x = 0.7 cell – 337 mW cm−2 at 800 °C in air and humidified hydrogen – and was limited mainly by the thick electrolyte.
Low temperature growth of GaInNAs/GaAs quantum wells by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using tertiarybutylarsine

The low temperature growth of highly strained GaInNAs/GaAs quantum wells was investigated by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using tertiarybutylarsine (TBAs) and dimethylhydrazine. We found that the incorporation behavior of indium in the strained GaInAs layers at low growth temperature was very different from that at high growth temperature. The N content dropped rapidly with increasing In content in the strained GaInNAs layer. It is pointed out that the V/III ratio is an important growth parameter for TBAs based MOCVD. The V/III ratio strongly affected both the photoluminescence intensity and the alloy composition of the GaInNAs.
Infrared Spectra of C3H3+-N2 Dimers: Identification of Proton-Bound c-C3H3+-N2 and H2CCCH+-N2 Isomers

Mid-infrared photodissociation spectra of mass selected C3H3+-N2 ionic complexes are obtained in the vicinity of the C−H stretch fundamentals (2970−3370 cm-1). The C3H3+-N2 dimers are produced in an electron impact cluster ion source by supersonically expanding a gas mixture of allene, N2, and Ar. Rovibrational analysis of the spectra demonstrates that (at least) two C3H3+ isomers are produced in the employed ion source, namely the cyclopropenyl (c-C3H3+) and the propargyl (H2CCCH+) cations. This observation is the first spectroscopic detection of the important c-C3H3+ ion in the gas phase. Both C3H3+ cations form intermolecular proton bonds to the N2 ligand with a linear −C−H···N−N configuration, leading to planar C3H3+-N2 structures with C2v symmetry. The strongest absorption of the H2CCCH+-N2 dimer in the spectral range investigated corresponds to the acetylenic C−H stretch fundamental (ν1 = 3139 cm-1), which experiences a large red shift upon N2 complexation (Δν1 ≈ −180 cm-1). For c-C3H3+-N2, the stro.
Effect of Substituting Shrimp Waste Hydrolysate of Penaeus merguensis for Fish Meal in Broiler Performance

The objective of this study is to measure the effect of substituting different levels of shrimp waste hydrolysate (SWH) from Penaeus merguensis for fish meal (FM) in broiler diet. The broilers were randomly assigned in 4 different levels of SWH (0, 4, 8, and 12%) in experimental diet with a Completely Randomized Design. Each dietary treatment was replicated five times. The result of this experiment indicated that weight gain, feed conversion, and percentage nitrogen retention were affected significantly (P<0.05), and no significant differences were found for feed consumption, percentage carcass, percentage abdomen fat, and digestive organ size (liver, proventriculus, gizzard, cecum, and pancreas). The inclusion of SWH until 8% in broiler diet kept the weight gain and feed conversion stable as well as FM in diet, however the inclusion to 12% decreased weight gain and negative effect in feed conversion. In conclusion, SWH could be included to 8% in broiler’s diet or substitute FM as alternative of animal protein source as much as 40%.
PVP Stabilized Ruthenium (0) Nanorods as Effective Catalysts in Hydrogen Generation from the Hydrolysis of Sodium Borohydride

Poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) - stabilized ruthenium (0) nanorods have been successfully synthesized by refluxing ruthenium (Ⅲ) chloride (RuCl3) in low boiling point alcohols (including ethanol, n-propanol, and n-butanol) using microwave heating for the first time. The effects of low boiling point alcohols on the preparation and catalytic property of ruthenium nanorods were discussed. UV-Vis absorption spectra indicated ruthenium nanorods could be synthesized in n-butanol after 2 h refluxing, far below the refluxing time in ethanol and n-propanol. The activation energy of the hydrolysis of NaBH4 catalyzed by Ruthenium (0) nanorods obtained in ethanol, n-propanol, and n-butanol were determined to be 41.1, 33.3, and 27.9 kJ / mol, respectively.