Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mandatory Country of Origin Labeling Induced Structural Change of U . S . Meat Products

Country of Origin Labeling (COOL) for meat products have been a debated subject since its implementation in March, 2009. While advocates of COOL suggest it provides valuable information to consumers, opponents on the other hand claim it imposes unnecessary cost on consumers and distort trade in affected commodities. This paper applies a Source Differentiated Almost Ideal Demand System to estimate mandatory COOL induced Structural Change in U.S. imported meat products. Included in the model is a system of equations setting consisting of beef, pork and lamb. The results show an elastic own price for beef from all countries except Canada. Pork from Canada, Denmark and Mexico; and lamb from Australia and New Zealand; has an inelastic own price. The initial impact of COOL resulted in a decline in the imports of the three meat products. Also, the Pre and Post COOL analyses show declined expenditures on all meat types from all the sources. The chow test performed indicates a structural change in all the meat types from all the sources with the exception of beef from Canada and Pork from Denmark. COOL appears to have had mixed effect on U.S. meat imports based on the source of origin of each meat type.
Short Term Variability of the Thermal Diffusivity and Thermal Conductivity for a Porous Media

Soil thermal property data, especially as a function of water content, are currently not readily available. Demand for these data is, however, on the increase because of improvements in wider applications of soil heat and water transport models, as well as, of the vegetal growth studies. Most of these investigations were focused in sandy soils, clayed soils or peat horticultural substrates, due to the different properties and applications of each ones. Otherwise, in order to partly fill the thermal soil properties studies into other types of soils, we focused this work in the relation between thermal and hydraulic soil properties of a silty soil under laboratory conditions. Samples were obtained from Can Sole Road located in the Llobregat delta plain (NE of Spain), where frequently Cynara scolymus is cultivated. Small dual-needle sensors, employing the heat pulse methodology were used to measure the soil thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity. One soil column with a specific design was used. The column was monitorized to determine the volumetric water content and matric potential, as well as, the thermal properties. To obtain these kinds of data a frequency domain probe and micro-tensiometer were used. Preliminar results obtained up to now allow a rather complete understanding of the relation between thermal and hydraulic properties at laboratory scale of the silty soils. Preliminary distributed water content and thermal data allowed investigating the variability of these properties and its relations between them for this type of soils.
Effects of Fire Severity on Habitat Recovery in a Mixed Grass Prairie Ecosystem

We assessed the recovery and current status of three mixed grass prairie sites 5 yr post burn in the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge, Indiahoma, Oklahoma. These sites represent three burn histories: moderate burn, severe burn, and unburned. We used a modified point-intercept method to sample 38 habitat variables at 280 points along three transects at each site. These data were subjected to principal components analysis to assess trends in habitat structure among the sites. The first three components explained 66.6% of the variation in the dataset. Component I represents a gradient from short forbs, lichen covered rocks, and minimal disturbance to areas of tall grasses and ungulate disturbance. Component II represents a gradient from tall forbs and water disturbance to areas with woody shrubs, short herbaceous litter, and graminoid and moss ground cover. Component III represents a gradient from areas with mid-level forbs, fecal matter and herbaceous litter ground cover to areas with tall grasses and bare ground. Projections of the burn treatment sites onto principal components I–III indicate that the moderate and unburned sites cluster closely on component I but are distinct along components II and III. We interpret our results as supporting a relationship between high severity fire and more complete nutrient cycling from accumulated litter, leading initially post fire to dense grass cover followed by increasing forb cover. This increase in forage density potentially alters the grazing patterns of large herbivores, which inflicts higher levels of disturbance. Conversely, the unburned and moderate burn sites had a greater diversity of herbaceous species at lower coverage densities, perhaps resulting from reestablshiment from surviving shoots and seeds.
Recent exports matter: export discoveries, FDI and Growth, an empirical assessment for MENA countries

Export diversification has become a priority goal for the development strategies of the MENA countries. In this paper, we aim at measuring the effects of exports’ diversification on growth in MENA countries. But we also try to assess the way new exports and FDI interact each others in the process of growth. Within the framework of an endogenous growth model, we claim that FDI can act as a complementary factor in the discovery process. The model is estimated by the system-GMM and we provide robust evidence that FDI do not necessarily have the same effect on growth according to the diversification level. We also show that while FDI have a positive and significant effect on the MENA countries’ growth, it is most probably rather linked to the direct effect on value added and employment than to the spillover effects of technological transfer.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA ( RAPD ) and simple sequence repeat ( SSR ) marker efficacy for maize hybrid identification

Knowledge as to genetic diversity and relationships among maize hybrids is important for breeding strategies. The main aims of this study were to (1) estimate molecular genetic diversity among 30 maize hybrids by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers; and (2) compare the genetic relatedness values obtained from these marker types. A set of 30 maize hybrids was assessed. To compare these two methods, genetic parameters were computed such as the number of polymorphic bands, average number of alleles per locus, effective number of alleles per locus, expected heterozygosity, effectiveness index of analysis and polymorphism information content (PIC). Better results were provided by SSR. The discrimination ability of individual markers was also determined. The SSR system provided an average PIC of 0.71 (ranging from 0.47 to 0.91) and RAPD provided an average value of 0.61 (ranging from 0.44 to 0.82). Genetic similarities (GS) were estimated using Nei and Li’s coefficients for SSR and Jaccard’s coefficient for RAPD. For SSR, GS ranged from 26.3 to 88.5% (with average of 58.8%); for RAPD, GS ranged from 6.7 to 86.7% (with average of 49.5%). Hybrids were clustered using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The correlation between similarity matrices for RAPD and SSR was 0.11.
Does External Debt Promote Economic Growth in Nigeria

The study examines whether external debt actually promotes economic growth in developing countries using Nigeria as a case study. Time series data from 1970-2007 were fitted into the regression equation using various econometric techniques such as Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, Granger causality test, Johansen co-integration test and Vector Error Correction Method (VECM). Empirical results reveal that causality does not exist between external debt and economic growth as causation between debt and growth was also found to be weak and insignificant in Nigeria.
Microsatellites within genes and ESTs of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and their transferability in five other Crassostrea species

We developed 15 novel polymorphic microsatellites for the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas by screening genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) found in GenBank. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 24 with an average of 8.7, and the values of observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.026 to 0.750 and from 0.120 to 0.947, respectively. No significant pairwise linkage disequilibrium was detected among loci and eight loci conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Transferability of the markers was examined on five other Crassostrea species and all the markers were amplified successfully in at least one species. These new microsatellites should be useful for population genetics, parentage analysis and genome mapping studies of C. gigas and closely related species. The nine markers identified from known genes are expected to be especially valuable for comparative mapping as type I markers.
Efficient string matching

This paper describes a simple, efficient algorithm to locate all occurrences of any of a finite number of keywords in a string of text. The algorithm consists of constructing a finite state pattern matching machine from the keywords and then using the pattern matching machine to process the text string in a single pass. Construction of the pattern matching machine takes time proportional to the sum of the lengths of the keywords. The number of state transitions made by the pattern matching machine in processing the text string is independent of the number of keywords. The algorithm has been used to improve the speed of a library bibliographic search program by a factor of 5 to 10.
Self Evaluation 1 Relationships and Self Evaluation: An Exploration of Relational Schemas on the Self A Senior Honors Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation with research distinction in Psychology in the undergraduate colleges

The present research examines the influence of a supraliminal prime of a “significant other” on an individual’s self evaluation (including self doubt and self esteem). The general hypothesis is that people primed with a cold rather than a warm other, would show declines in self evaluation. Further, participants high in self doubt were expected to show steeper declines in self evaluation than their low self doubt counterparts. Findings revealed that state self esteem declined with exposure to the cold significant other. Similarly, self doubt was highest when an individual was primed with a cold rather than the warm significant other. These results were discussed in the context of social comparison processes and the impact on self-evaluation.
Cathepsin B-like protease from chili pepper revealed by in silico approach.

The cathepsin B-like proteases of higher plants are mostly related to stress / damage. The expression of cathepsin B-like transcript in the plant system is regarded the response towards abiotic stimuli, wounding of tissues, organ abscission. We isolated a putative cathepsin B-like proteases partial cDNA from chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens). A cDNA library of wound induced placental tissue transcripts was constructed in the phage vector system. Partial sequencing and in silico analysis revealed high levels of sequence homology to cathepsin B-like cysteine protease from the plants of solanaceae family, but much lower levels with other plant cysteine proteinases. Sequence alignment using ClustalW revealed the consensus sequences of the family solanaceae for cathepsin B-like proteases. Further, translated amino acid sequences by BLASTx revealed the conserved domains among the unrelated families. Name assignment to this cDNA as cathepsin B-like protease was based on nucleotide and translated amino acid sequence similarity which is of 91% and 97% respectively with cathepsin B-like cysteine proteinase of Nicotiana rustica. Our current hypothesis towards the function of this cDNA is that it encodes cathepsin B-like proteases in response to mechanical wounding in plant tissues.
Two-level atom in a squeezed vacuum

The master equation for a two-level atom interacting with a strong coherent field and damped into a reservoir formed by a finite bandwidth squeezed vacuum is derived. The master equation extends the Yeoman and Barnett approach to a non-zero detuning of the driving field from the atomic resonance and allows to discuss the role of squeezing bandwidth and the detuning in the level shifts, widths and intensities of spectral lines. The approach is valid for arbitrary values of the Rabi frequency and detuning but for the squeezing bandwidths larger than the natural linewidth in order to satisfy the Markov approximation.
Is mitochondrial DNA variation associated with sporadic breast cancer risk?

To the Editor: In the May 15, 2007 issue of Cancer Research , Bai et al. ( [1][1]) claimed that individuals carrying haplogroup K mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages are at significantly increased risk of developing breast cancer, whereas those bearing haplogroup U lineages have a significantly
Influence of the Aleutian-Icelandic Low Seesaw and ENSO onto the Stratosphere in Ensemble Winter Hindcasts

Using an ensemble of wintertime hindcasts with a high-resolution (T106L60) Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) forced by observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and extending into the stratosphere, we investigate the formation and lifecycle of the Aleutian-Icelandic low Seesaw (AIS) during the 1978 to 1993 period. The AIS has been newly proposed to be an important mode of variability, linking the major wintertime surface lows, the Icelandic Low and the Aleutian Low, in late winter, and thereby linking climate variability over the North Pacific and the North Atlantic. We demonstrate for the first time with a stratosphere-troposphere model, that a coherent, ensemble-mean AIS extension into the stratosphere exists, where its presence modulates ultra-long planetary wave propagation and the polar night jet intensity. The model AIS peaks in February, when the Aleutian and Icelandic Low anti-correlation maximizes at -0.59. The AIS provides a new way to describe the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon influence into the stratosphere. For example, El-Nino conditions correspond to a deeper than normal Aleutian Low, extending its influence into the Icelandic sector as an AIS negative phase (weakened Icelandic Low), hence enhanced planetary wave vertical propagation and a weakened stratospheric polar vortex. This maturation of the AIS in late winter explains the intra-seasonal variability of the stratospheric response to ENSO, which peaks in late winter. Internal model variability is large and enhanced potential predictability is found primarily in the western hemisphere, with a western Atlantic maxima being more pronounced in the stratosphere than in the upper troposphere.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Chinese lizard gudgeon, Saurogobio dabryi (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)

Abstract Saurogobio dabryi is a small-sized benthopelagic fish species in the famally Cyprinidae. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genome of S. dabryi was determined. The complete mitochondrial genome of S. dabryi was 16,601 bp in length with the overall nucleotide base composition of A (29.66%), T (26.50%), G (16.80%) and C (27.04%), as well as an AT content of 56.16%. It contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, a control region and an L-strand replication origin (OL).
The diagnosis of and treatment recommendations for anxiety disorders.

BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders (panic disorder/agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and specific phobias) are the most common mental illnesses. For example, the 12-month prevalence of panic disorder/agoraphobia is 6%. METHOD This guideline is based on controlled trials of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, retrieved by a systematic search for original articles that were published up to 1 July 2013. Experts from 20 specialty societies and other organizations evaluated the evidence for each treatment option from all available randomized clinical trials and from a synthesis of the recommendations of already existing international and German guidelines. RESULTS 403 randomized controlled trials were evaluated. It was concluded that anxiety disorders should be treated with psychotherapy, psychopharmacological drugs, or both. Response rates to initial treatment vary from 45% to 65%. Cognitive behavioral therapy is supported by higher-level evidence than any other psychotherapeutic technique. Psychodynamic therapy is recommended as a second-line treatment. Among anxiolytic drugs, the agents of first choice are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotoninnorepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. The patient's preference should be considered in the choice of treatment. Drug treatment should be continued for 6 to 12 months after remission. If psychotherapy or drug treatment is not adequately effective, then the treatment should be switched to the other form, or to a combination of both. CONCLUSION The large amount of data now available from randomized controlled trials permits the formulation of robust evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Future work should more closely address the necessary duration of psychotherapy and the efficacy of combined psychotherapy and drug treatment.
Validity domain of the Born approximation for seismic waveform modelling in realistic 3-D Earth structure

While the first-order Born approximation is increasingly being used in many seismic tomography efforts, its domain of validity to forward model seismic waveforms has not been quantified in the context of current 3-D earth models yet. We here address this issue by comparing teleseismic synthetic surface waveforms calculated using the Born approximation with spectral element method solutions for a variety of realistic global 3-D earth models. We find that the Born approximation has a very limited domain of validity when applied to seismic waveforms. Specifically, it can only accurately model the phase (amplitude) of surface waveforms for source–receiver paths leading to time shifts smaller than about 15 per cent (5 per cent) of the wave period considered. These conditions usually occur in earth models as S20RTS or S40RTS combined with a homogeneous crust for periods longer than T ∼ 80–90 s. For models with stronger heterogeneity and/or realistic 3-D crustal structure, only the phase of waveforms with periods longer than ∼120–130 s can be accurately modelled with the Born approximation.
Children with coordination difficulties: issues on conceptualising the developmental coordination disorder

The investigation of the nature of coordination difficulties in children resulted in the identification of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). The lack of consensus on the nature and the mechanisms of DCD might not be due to the apparent resilience of the disorder to scientific endeavours. On the contrary, the purpose of this study is to present a thesis by which the problem resides on the definition of DCD and on the selection of samples found in studies that do not distinguish clinical criteria from research criteria. In the conclusion, three steps for characterizing DCD are presented.
Acyclovir-loaded chitosan nanoparticles for ocular delivery

The topical application of acyclovir as eye ointment remains a concern for effective management of various ocular viral diseases owing to poor ocular drug bioavailability. Hence the present study was aimed to develop and evaluate nanosphere colloidal suspension containing acyclovir as potential ophthalmic drug delivery system. The acyclovir-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation of chitosan with tripolyphosphate anions. The nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microcopy, zeta potential analyser, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy. All the prepared formulations resulted in nano-range size particles (200-495 nm) and displayed spherical smooth morphology with zeta potential (+36.7 to +42.3 mV). The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were 56-80% and 10-25%, respectively. The acyclovir-loaded chitosan nanoparticles displayed more crystallinity than acyclovir. The in vitro diffusion profile of acyclovir from the nanoparticles showed a sustained release of the drug over a period of 24 hrs. Kinetic release profiles of acyclovir from nanoparticles appeared to fit best with Higuchi model with zero order and the non-Fickian diffusion was superior phenomenon. Thus the results suggest that acyclovir-loaded chitosan nanoparticle suspension appears to be promising enough for effective management of ocular viral infections.
Analysis System on Automobile Customer Comments

In recent years, the technology of text sentiment analysis develops rapidly and becomes a hot research topic in the field of Natural Language Processing. Now it is applied in increasing number of fields, include e-commerce website, shopping website and so on. In this paper, the application of sentiment analysis in automobile field is studied. Based on that technology, a sentiment analysis system on automobile customer comments is established. Related data are collected from online automobile forums, and then processed. Text sentiment analysis technique is used to extract evaluation objects and evaluative terms, and then analyze emotional tendencies. At the end of evaluation, the system achieves good results.
Rating of perceived exertion and acute mountain sickness during a high-altitude trek.

BACKGROUND There is a widely held belief that strenuous exercise should be avoided on arrival at high altitude (HA) and during acclimatization. Data from chamber studies are contradictory and the studies are usually of short duration, therefore differing from the "real world. " METHODS We studied 48 trekkers during a 10-d ascent to 16,827 ft (5129 m) in the Cordillera Real area of Bolivia. Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scores were recorded for the hardest perceived exertion during the day after ascents to 12,576, 14,600, and 16,827 ft (3833, 4450, and 5129 m). Heart rate, Spo2, and Lake Louise Score (LLS) were recorded simultaneously. Statistical testing was performed using SPSS 21 software. A P-value of ≤ 0.05 was deemed significant. RESULTS Acute mountain sickness (AMS) rates were higher after trekking days with higher levels of perceived exertion. The LLS was higher in those with a Borg RPE score ≥ 15 both following exercise (mean LLS 2.6 vs. 1.7) and at rest the following day (mean LLS 2.7 vs. 1.7). Heart rate was higher in those with high Borg RPE scores (80 vs. 87) and oxygen saturations lower at rest (86 vs. 83) the following morning. DISCUSSION This data lends weight to the advice of moderate exertion during a trek to HA and suggests that reducing perceived exertion may reduce AMS.