Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New insights into the formation of amorphous molybdenum sulfide from a tetrathiomolybdate precursor

Amorphous molybdenum sulfide, usually denoted as MoSx, represents one of the most promising catalysts under investigation as the replacement for the Pt catalyst in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of water. It shows excellent catalytic activity in both acidic and neutral pH electrolytes [1]. Its preparation can be achieved by different approaches like reactive magnetron sputtering [2], acidification of a [MoS4] 2solution, electrochemical oxidation or electrochemical reduction of a deposition solution composed of [MoS4] 2[3, 4], [Mo2S12] 2[5], or [Mo3S13] 2[5, 6]. In our previous work, we have demonstrated that MoSx is a coordination polymer made of discrete [Mo3S13] 2building block clusters [4]. In the ideal circumstance where no structural defects like Mo- site are present within the polymeric structure of MoSx, it could be described as a (Mo3S11)n polymer. Treating MoSx thin films or nanoparticles in an alkaline solution causes depolymerization that generates [Mo3S13] 2clusters that could be easily isolated, e.g. by adding Et4N + cation [4]. Inversely, we recently demonstrated that electrochemical oxidation of the [Mo3S13] 2cluster via a two-electron process generated the MoSx material [6]. A key elemental step was proposed to be the electrochemical elimination of the terminal disulfide ligand within the [Mo3S13] 2as the source of Mo- defects that subsequently served as anchoring sites for other [Mo3S13] 2clusters, thus driving polymerization. This means that during the growth of MoSx materials, the [Mo3S7] core skeleton is conserved. [MoS4] 2→ MoS3 + 1/8 S8 + 2e (eq. 1)
Preschool children handwriting evaluation on paper-based and tablet-based settings

Learning to write could be a difficult task for preschool children as they need to acquire better perceptual-motor ability during the development of their writing skills. This paper describes selected results based on the study of Arabic word writing practices with a group of 5 and 6 years old children (nonnative Arabic speakers). Children were invited to participate in a guided-writing practice activity both in paper-based and tabletbased settings. For paper based setting, children used pencil and paper sheet. In tablet setting, children were asked to use finger and stylus. Children’s performances were recorded and observed for data analysis purposes. The findings are used to suggest guidelines for improving the use of tablet for writing practice by young children.
ThinORAM: Towards Practical Oblivious Data Access in Fog Computing Environment

Oblivious RAM (ORAM) is important for applications that require hiding of access patterns. However, most of existing implementations of ORAM are very expensive, which are infeasible to be deployed in lightweight devices, like the terminal equipment for Internet of Things (IoT). In this article, we focus on how to apply the expensive ORAM to protect access pattern in IoT devices and propose an ORAM scheme supporting thin-client, called “ThinORAM”, under non-colluding clouds. Our proposed scheme removes complicated computations in the client side and requires only <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(1)$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq1-2962110.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> communication cost with a reasonable response time. We further show how to securely deploy ThinORAM in the fog computing environment to achieve oblivious data access with minimum client cost. Experiments show that our scheme can eliminate most of the client storage and reduce the cloud-cloud bandwidth by 2×, with 3× faster response time, when compared to the best scheme that aims at reducing client side overheads.
Perceived classroom goal structures as predictors of students’ personal goals

ABSTRACT This study focused on the question of how to enhance a mastery-goal orientation in the classroom. We started from the perspective of the achievement goal theory, which assumes that the goals that students have (personal goals) relate to the goals that are set in the classroom (classroom goal structures). In classrooms where teachers focus on learning and effort -instead of normative standards and social comparison- mastery goals are enhanced. This type of classroom can be endorsed by focusing on the following classroom structures: Task design, Autonomy, Recognition, Grouping, Evaluation, and Time (TARGET). The present study investigated how classroom goal structures as perceived by students are related to students’ personal goals. Based on survey data from 501 students from three secondary schools in the Netherlands, we found that the Task design dimension, concerning designing challenging and varied tasks, and the Time dimension, concerning e.g., pacing, predicted both mastery-approach and avoidance goals. Our findings provide insight in how perceived classroom goal structures are related to students’ personal goals that focus on understanding/competence, thus informing teachers and educational developers where to start when it comes to improving student motivation.
A Novel Urine Exosome Gene Expression Assay to Predict High-grade Prostate Cancer at Initial Biopsy.

IMPORTANCE Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of indolent prostate cancer (PCA) is a serious health issue in most developed countries. There is an unmet clinical need for noninvasive, easy to administer, diagnostic assays to help assess whether a prostate biopsy is warranted. OBJECTIVE To determine the performance of a novel urine exosome gene expression assay (the ExoDx Prostate IntelliScore urine exosome assay) plus standard of care (SOC) (ie, prostate-specific antigen [PSA] level, age, race, and family history) vs SOC alone for discriminating between Gleason score (GS)7 and GS6 and benign disease on initial biopsy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In training, using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we compared the urine exosome gene expression assay with biopsy outcomes in 499 patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels of 2 to 20 ng/mL. The derived prognostic score was then validated in 1064 patients from 22 community practice and academic urology clinic sites in the United States. Eligible participants included PCA-free men, 50 years or older, scheduled for an initial or repeated prostate needle biopsy due to suspicious digital rectal examination (DRE) findings and/or PSA levels (limit range, 2.0-20.0 ng/mL). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Evaluate the assay using the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in discrimination of GS7 or greater from GS6 and benign disease on initial biopsy. RESULTS In 255 men in the training target population (median age 62 years and median PSA level 5.0 ng/mL, and initial biopsy), the urine exosome gene expression assay plus SOC was associated with improved discrimination between GS7 or greater and GS6 and benign disease: AUC 0.77 (95% CI, 0.71-0.83) vs SOC AUC 0.66 (95% CI, 0.58-0.72) (P < .001). Independent validation in 519 patients' urine exosome gene expression assay plus SOC AUC 0.73 (95% CI, 0.68-0.77) was superior to SOC AUC 0.63 (95% CI, 0.58-0.68) (P < .001). Using a predefined cut point, 138 of 519 (27%) biopsies would have been avoided, missing only 5% of patients with dominant pattern 4 high-risk GS7 disease. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This urine exosome gene expression assay is a noninvasive, urinary 3-gene expression assay that discriminates high-grade (≥GS7) from low-grade (GS6) cancer and benign disease. In this study, the urine exosome gene expression assay was associated with improved identification of patients with higher-grade prostate cancer among men with elevated PSA levels and could reduce the total number of unnecessary biopsies.
The Impact of Oil Price Shocks on Economic Policy Uncertainty of China: Evidence from Nonlinear Analysis

In this paper, we aim to explore the impact of global crude oil price on the economic policy uncertainty (EPU) of China with methods of the hybrid wavelet artificial neural network model (WANN) and the threshold vector auto-regression model (TVAR). The results show that in China the significant negative effect exists under the medium oil price change regime in the short run, while it turns to be positive under the higher fluctuation regime. Moreover, In the long run, the significant effect occurs under the medium fluctuation regime and shows an inverted U shape.
Cultivation of hMSCs in Human Plasma Prevents the Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Potential of ZnO-NP In Vitro

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are commonly used for industrial applications. Consequently, there is increasing exposure of humans to them. The in vitro analysis of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity is commonly performed under standard cell culture conditions. Thus, the question arises of how the results of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity experiments would alter if human plasma was used instead of cell culture medium containing of fetal calf serum (FCS). Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured in human plasma and exposed to ZnO-NPs. A cultivation in expansion medium made of DMEM consisting 10% FCS (DMEM-EM) served as control. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects were evaluated with the comet and MTT assay, respectively. hMSC differentiation capacity and ZnO-NP disposition were evaluated by histology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The protein concentration and the amount of soluble Zn2+ were measured. The cultivation of hMSCs in plasma leads to an attenuation of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of ZnO-NPs compared to control. The differentiation capacity of hMSCs was not altered. The TEM showed ZnO-NP persistence in cytoplasm in both groups. The concentrations of protein and Zn2+ were higher in plasma than in DMEM-EM. In conclusion, the cultivation of hMSCs in plasma compared to DMEM-EM leads to an attenuation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in vitro.
Anomaly Detection for Home Activity based on Sequence Pattern

In Malaysia, the elderly population continues to grow. At the same time, young adults are unable to take care of their elderly parents due to work commitments. This results in an increasing number of elderly people living in solitude. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor elderly people’s behavior, especially the pattern of their daily home activities. Abnormal behaviors in carrying out home activities may indicate health concerns in elderly people. Past studies have proposed the use of complex machine learning algorithms to detect anomalies in daily sequences of home activities. In this paper, a simple, alternative method for detecting anomalies in daily sequences of home activities is presented. The experiment results demonstrate that the model achieved a test accuracy of 90.79% on a public dataset.
Difficulties in The Acquisition and Use of English Articles among Adult Pashto Learners

The acquisition of the English articles is one of the most difficult areas for the second language learners particularly when there are no articles in the first language of the learners. The purpose of this study is to investigate the difficulties in acquisition and use of the English articles. The study aims at identifying the errors the EFL learners make in using the English articles. Two theoretical approaches regarding noun classification for articles choice were adopted in this study. The data were collected in the form of a gap-fill task from 75 adult Pashto learners of English. The results showed the students used the definite article ‘the’ and the indefinite article ‘a/an’ more often than the zero article O. In noun types, a few subjects made errors in using articles before count nouns. In the noun phrase environments, the lowest error rate was in referential indefinite while the highest error rate was in generics. The reasons for difficulties in acquiring and using the English articles were found to be mainly the identification of noun types, NPs environments, and language transfer.
Fast algorithms for simulation of neuronal dynamics based on the bilinear dendritic integration rule

We aim to develop fast algorithms for neuronal simulations to capture the dynamics of a neuron with realistic dendritic morphology. To achieve this, we perform the asymptotic analysis on a cable neuron model with branched dendrites. Using the second-order asymptotic solutions, we derive a bilinear dendritic integration rule to characterize the voltage response at the soma when receiving multiple spatiotemporal synaptic inputs from dendrites, with a dependency on the voltage state of the neuron at input arrival times. Based on the derived bilinear rule, we ﬁnally propose two fast algorithms and demonstrate numerically that, in comparison with solving the original cable neuron model numerically, the algorithms can reduce the computational cost of simulation for neuronal dynamics enormously while retaining relatively high accuracy in terms of both sub-threshold dynamics and ﬁring statistics.
Finite‐time composite control scheme for three‐phase four‐leg inverter under variable operating conditions

Three-phase four-leg inverters widely used in microgrid can effectively provide the power for the non-linear/unbalanced loads. Here, the non-linear composite controller is proposed for three-phase four-leg inverter system under d q 0 reference frame by integrating a higher order sliding mode observer and finite-time control technique. The observer adopts the soft sensing manner to feedforward compensate external disturbances caused by current variation of AC bus node, which relaxes some physical constraints. Meanwhile, the higher order sliding mode observer realises the decoupling of the inverter system, which paves the way for the construction of the non-smooth finite-time control law. Finally, the simulation results with PI comparison illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method for improving the robustness, stability, and rapid recovery capability of system.
Assessment of Endotracheal Tube Position After Oral Intubation in Neonates

Ad dress for Cor res pon den ce Ali Gül MD, Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Tokat, Turkey Phone: +90 505 347 29 61 E-mail: draligul@yahoo.com ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0001-5350-2192 Re cei ved: 07.12. 2017 Ac cep ted: 28.02. 2018 1Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Tokat, Turkey 2Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Tokat, Turkey 3Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Ankara, Turkey Ali Gül1, Şahin Takçı2, Deniz Anuk İnce3, Şeyma Ünüvar2
‘Don’t be the same, be better’: an exploratory study on police mobile technology resistance

ABSTRACT Purpose: This contribution stems from the acknowledgment that the post-adoptive officers’ behaviour and utilisation of the mobile technology has not yet been examined. Between 2008 – 2010, the Home Office funded the Mobile Information Programme to increase the visibility of police officers and increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the Police Service. This programme had enabled the roll-out of 41,000 mobile devices to police officers, allowing them to spend a greater percentage of their working time out of police stations. Yet, in 2012, the NPIA’s evaluation of the increase in police officers’ visibility showed that on average, officers spent around 18 minutes extra per shift out of the station using mobile devices. Methodology: To overcome the paucity of available data, a pilot study adopting a multi-method approach was conducted in a medium-sized constabulary in the UK. Data collection methods included focus groups, Q cards methodology and an online survey. Findings: This study sheds light on officers’ main reasons for post-adoptive resistance to using the mobile devices and its impact on the quality of police data recorded. Furthermore, it delineates innovative ways of enhancing police mobile technology training to boost technology adoption in police forces.
A Taphonomic Examination of Inhumed and Entombed Remains in Parma Cemeteries, Italy

People of different cultures bury their dead in different ways, based on religious beliefs, historical rituals, or public health requirements. In Italy, cremation is still a limited practice compared to entombment and inhumation. Accordingly with the law, a buried body can be moved to the cemetery ossuary only if skeletonized. Generally, complete skeletonization occurs within 40 years following burial, but sometimes the body may mummify, or it may turn into adipocere. Globally, today burial space is limited with cemeteries facing a growing need for both burials and entombments. The present study considered the thanatological, taphonomical, anthropological, microbiological and geochemical examination of 408 human bodies exhumed from grave pits and stone tombs located in two cemeteries in Parma, Italy. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with the process of the decomposition of such bodies were documented in order to identify which factors promote or reduce the time needed for skeletonization. Overall, the aim of this study was to improve the management of the body turnover in cemeteries, providing recommendations for cemetery management and turnover planning, with the goal of avoiding extra costs that may be attributed to the family and the State. The results of this study show that inhumation in burial grounds and soils with a high percentage of sand and gravel promote decomposition and skeletonization, whereas entombments inside stone tombs and the presence of stone slabs on the ground covering burials, aid in the formation of adipocere, slowing down the decomposition process.
Techno‐economic analysis of a novel hybrid heat pump system to recover waste heat and condensate from the low‐temperature boiler exhaust gas

This paper is based on the proposal of a new waste heat recovery (WHR) system, which can be utilized to heat the boiler return water, boiler supply air, and building heating air. The system is the combination of an indirect contact condensing unit (IDCCU), a mechanical compression heat pump, and two air preheaters. The system is modeled on the basis of mass and energy balance and then thermodynamically analyzed. Improved performance results were obtained in the form of an increase in the boiler's energy efficiency of about 10.47%, with 4.87% increase in exergy efficiency. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump was increased from 1.23 to 1.45 by the addition of an air heater in the conventional heat pump. The exergy destruction in each component is calculated. Sensitivity analysis was performed to check the influence of different operating parameters on the performance of the WHR system and boiler. It can be observed from the results that for a specific refrigerant temperature and a calculated amount of mass, flow rate can maximize the condensation efficiency of IDCCU by decreasing the flue gas temperature, while the use of the air heater can further reduce the flue gas temperature, and a stream of hot air can be utilized for space heating. A comparison is made with the other system on a performance basis. The results shows a clear difference in efficiencies and profit earned.
Experiences of work-related stress and coping among palliative care staff in South Africa: a qualitative study

Palliative care staff are exposed to a plethora of work-related stressors that negatively affect their psychological well-being and work engagement. Using qualitative interviews, this study sought to explore the experiences of work-related stress and coping among a multidisciplinary group of 12 palliative care staff employed by a non-governmental hospice in South Africa. Data were analysed using the principles of thematic analysis. Four domains of stressors were implicated in the experience of work-related stress: stressors accruing from the nature of work and were specific to palliative care; stressors relating to working in the community; those deriving from certain encounters with patients and families; and organisational stressors. Broader structural factors pertinent to the socio-political and economic context in South Africa and the perception of palliative care were interwoven with the experience of work-related stress. Receiving social support from co-workers, professionals, and family and friends; accepting limits; setting work–life boundaries; relying on personal resources and reconstructing the hospice in positive ways were coping strategies deployed by staff to manage stress. Arguably much of the experience of work-related stress and coping among palliative care staff in South Africa is similar to that reported in resource-rich contexts. However, the particularities of the broader socio-political and economic environment and its subsequent impact on palliative care organisations appear to augment and expand work-related stress for these practitioners. Deployment of intra-individual and interpersonal coping resources could be supplemented with efforts to address structural factors contributing to the subjective experience of stress.
Comparing Methodologies in a Series of Speech Outcome Studies

Background: Development of the speech audit tool Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech Augmented (CAPS-A) facilitated intercenter comparison of speech outcomes following cleft palate repair. The CAPS-A protocol recommends consensus listening by 3 speech and language therapists, 2 of whom must be CAPS-A trained. Allowing 15 minutes per sample, 15 to 20 samples can be assessed each day. Centers typically have resources to audit 15 to 75 samples per year but not to report speech outcomes of larger data sets for research. This 3-phased outcome study examines how the implementation of the CAPS-A protocol might be modified without compromising reliability. Methodology: In phase 1, 2 external listeners independently rated 42 speech samples; in phase 2, 2 external listeners consensus listened 25% of 140 samples before 1 listener independently rated the remainder; phase 3 compared 124 Great Ormond Street Speech Assessment (GOS.SP.ASS’98) records from live assessments with CAPS-A-rated video samples. Results: Hypernasality, nasal airflow, and passive cleft speech characteristics were rated to identify signs of velopharyngeal dysfunction across all phases. Phase 1 demonstrated suboptimal correlation, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ranging between 0.39 and 0.72. However, the “modified” CAPS-A consensus listening process in phase 2 achieved a mean ICC of 0.91. Phase 3 revealed only moderate agreement between GOS.SP. ASS’98 and CAPS-A. Conclusion: A large data set of speech samples was successfully managed by establishing good interrater reliability on 25% of the data, which calibrated the listeners and validated a decision for only 1 of 2 listeners to rate the remaining speech samples. The recommended implementation of the CAPS-A protocol can therefore be modified for more efficient speech outcome reporting.