Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Sloshing Phenomena Using ALE Approach

Sloshing has a widespread application in many industries including automotive, aerospace, ship building and motorcycle manufacturing. The goals of sloshing simulation is to first study the sloshing pattern and then improve the tank design to reduce noise levels, stresses on the structure and optimize the baffle arrangements. In this project simulation of the fluid in tank is studied and the design modification with baffle plate is considered to minimize the sloshing phenomena using Arbitrary Langrangian Eulerian (ALE) method. Also it is explained that there is need to analyze the sloshing phenomena in detail. Arbitrary Langrangian Eulerian finite element methods gain interest for the capability to control mesh geometry independently from material geometry, the ALE methods are used to create a new undistorted mesh for the fluid domain. In this paper we use the ALE technique to solve fuel slosh problem. Fuel slosh is an important design consideration not only for the fuel tank, but also for the structure supporting the fuel tank. Fuel slosh can be generated by many ways: abrupt changes in acceleration (braking), as well as abrupt changes in direction (highway exit-ramp). Repetitive motion can also be involved if a sloshing resonance is generated. These sloshing events can in turn affect the overall performance of the parent structure. A finite element analysis method has been developed to analyze this complex event. A new ALE formulation for the fluid mesh can be used to keep the fluid mesh integrity during the motion of the tank. This paper explains the analysis capabilities on a technical level.
Neural network based on-line stator winding turn fault detection for induction motors

A novel on-line neural network based diagnostic scheme, for induction machine stator winding turn fault detection, is presented. The scheme consists of a feed-forward neural network combined with a self-organizing feature map (SOFM) to visually display the operating condition of the machine on a two-dimensional grid. The operating point moves to a specific region on the map as a fault starts developing and can be used to alert the motor protection system to an incipient fault. This is a useful tool for commercial condition monitoring systems. Experimental results are provided, with data obtained from a specially wound test motor, to illustrate the robustness of the proposed turn fault detection scheme. The new method is not sensitive to unbalanced supply voltages or asymmetries in the machine and instrumentation.
A hybrid method based on a motion database and motion knowledge for the dynamic prediction of task-oriented human motion.

Digital human models are more and more frequently employed in product development processes to take human factors into account since the earliest stages of product design. To simulate the interaction of different user populations with a variety of environments, human motion prediction is a useful tool, as it aims at predicting the motion that a generic subject of a user population would reasonably perform to carry out a specific task in a given environment. The motivation of the research work presented in this thesis is the improvement of current motion prediction methods in terms of realism and representativeness. On the one hand, dynamics is included in our formulation, in order to yield physically sound predictions and in view of the fact that the forces and torques acting on and within the human body play a relevant role in discomfort perception. On the other, a hybrid approach is followed, combining the advantages of both data-based methods (which rely on actually performed motions for reference) and knowledge-based methods (which rely on the identification of the motion control laws underlying task-oriented motions). First the method is introduced, and is then applied to the prediction of clutch pedal depression motions. For this purpose, a database of clutch pedal depressions was analysed to gain insight into the subject-related and environment-related features that mostly affect the motion and into the different behavioural patterns that people exhibit carrying out the task. Both a qualitative and quantitative validation of our motion prediction method are presented. The former consists in comparing the most relevant kinematic and dynamic magnitudes in the motion against actually performed motions; the latter is based on the definition of a novel measure, which represents the realism and the representativeness of the predicted motions, and which is compared to the inherent variability of actually performed motions. The results obtained show that the proposed motion prediction method is a valid alternative to current methods, when both the physical soundness and the realism of the motion are required in the prediction.
Effects of Tactical Navigation Display Modality on Navigation Performance, Situation Awareness, and Mental Workload

A tactical navigation task was performed in a virtual environment by 14 young male U.S. Army Soldiers using seven navigation display modalities to convey waypoint information. Among the seven experimental conditions were visual, aural, and tactile displays. Navigation performance, situation awareness, mental workload, and modality preference were measured for each participant in the within subjects design. Results indicate augmented visual displays reduced time to complete navigation, maintained situation awareness, and drastically reduced mental workload over the other display modalities.
Detection and Removal of Erroneous GPS Signals Using Angle of Arrival

In this thesis, an algorithm for detecting multipath and spoofed GPS signals based on signal angle of arrival (AOA) is developed. As the rst step in determining the AOA of the signals, a multi-antenna array of GPS antennas is used to determine the attitude of a test vehicle by calculating precise relative positioning vectors (RPVs) between the antennas. The RPVs are calculated with the real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning algorithm, which allows for an RPV error on the order of a centimeter. The precision of the RPVs allows for sub-degree accuracy of the attitude angles. A GPS/INS extended Kalman lter is used to propagate the attitude estimate between GPS measurements. The propagated attitude estimate allows for estimation of the RPVs between the antennas without using GPS measurements. To check an incoming set of GPS measurements, an expected AOA with respect to the antennas is computed using the estimated RPVs and the known unit vectors to the GPS satellites. The actual AOAs may be estimated using the incoming GPS measurements and then compared with the expected AOAs. If the di erence between the expected and estimated AOA for a signal is not within a speci ed threshold, the signal may be rejected as a faulty signal. Single-di erenced pseudorange measurements and single-di erenced carrier phase residuals are explored as alternate metrics for determining faulty signals. Finally, AOA and the alternate metrics are experimentally tested for their abilities to detect multipath signals and are compared with each other. The single-di erenced carrier phase residual proved to be the most reliable multipath detection metric when used with calculated RPVs, having a near perfect success rate with the collected data. Using the carrier phase residual metric with attitude-generated RPVs proved to be less e ective with a success rate of approximately 50%. The AOA approach had a similar success rate of about 50%,
Privacy vs. authenticity

In many cryptographic settings, there is a trade-off between privacy and authenticity. We analyze this trade-off in the context of electronic commerce: On one hand, we have schemes whose perfect and un-revokable privacy makes them susceptible to attacks such as blackmail and money-laundry. On the other hand, we have schemes where the authenticity of the funds (in the sense of ownership) is guaranteed by sacrificing user privacy in its entirety. In this work, we propose a model and protocols balancing the needs for privacy against those of authenticity. In our proposed e-money system, all users enjoy full privacy, but both value of funds and user anonymity can be revoked or suspended unconditionally, by the cooperation of a quorum of banks and consumer rights organizations. Our method employs diffusion of a task into distributed modules; doing so, it enables a stronger and more realistic adversarial setting, and achieves increased security, privacy, availability and functionality without introducing any noticeable disadvantage. The result is a scheme that protects against privacy aided attacks, such as blackmail and money-laundry, as well as the "ultimate crime," where an active attacker gets the bank's secret key or forces the bank to give "unmarked bank notes". Our system, unlike all previous anonymous systems, can prevent all such crimes from successfully being perpetrated, and employs revocation to do so. One important building block implements the desired balance between privacy and authenticity for digital signatures. We introduce magic ink signatures; such signatures require a quorum of servers to be produced, and a (possibly different) quorum to be unblinded. We present and use an efficient and robust scheme for magic ink DSS signatures. The mechanisms introduced to balance the need for anonymity against the need to be able to revoke it, together with the notion of challenge semantics that we introduce, provide us with a very versatile system, a second important goal of our investigation. The proposed scheme is efficient and allows for numerous modes of payments.
Corporate Voluntary and Mandatory Disclosure: Evidence from Georgian Companies

The main idea in current paper is to check the disclosure level in listed Georgian companies and to assess the speculated effect of various company peculiarities amount of voluntary or mandatory disclosure. A disclosure list containing 35 items were established to check the amount of disclosure in 50 companies’ annual financial statements in 2018. The relationship between the amount of disclosure and various firm peculiarities was analyzed by the means of Ordinary Least Square regression. The outcomes demonstrated a positive association between voluntary information level and the independent variables such as profitability of firms, type of industry and board size. However unexpectedly, leverage was found to have negative significant association with the voluntary disclosure information.
Directional migration of the neural crest:an interplay between contact inhibition of locomotion andco-attraction

Collective cell migration is recognised as a common feature of cell movement in vivo. Despite its importance for both morphogenesis and malignant progression, little is known about how directional and coordinated cell movements are regulated collectively. An interesting example of collective migration in vivo is the migration of Neural Crest (NC) cells. NC cells are highly migratory and multipotent embryonic cells, which migrate with remarkable directionality and coordination. In this thesis it is proposed that a mayor force in allowing NC collective directionality is given by local cell-cell interactions. Two main interactions, a repulsive and an attractive one, are identified here and their role in NC migration is analysed. First, it is shown that Contact Inhibition of Locomotion (CIL) is essential for NC migration. These cells collapse their protrusions upon contact with others and polarise towards cell-free regions leading to cell dispersion. Also, it is shown that the non-canonical Wnt signalling is crucial in this process as its members localise at the site of contact. This leads to activation of RhoA and inhibition of cell protrusions in this region. These results provide one of the rst examples of CIL in vivo and establish a novel role for non-canonical Wnt signalling. Second, a longer-range attractive interaction is also described here in a novel mechanism termed coattraction. It is shown in silico, in vitro and in vivo that when CIL is combined with coattraction, directional collective movements emerge instead of the simple dispersion allowed by CIL. Surprisingly, it was found that the anaphylatoxin/chemoattractant C3a and its receptor C3aR mediate NC coattraction. Finally, it is proposed that CIL and coattraction act together to allow cell collectives, such as the NC, to self-organise allowing a more effcient response to external signals such as chemoattractants and restrictive cues.
The Effect of Finite Sized Baffles on Mobile Device Personal Audio

To reduce the annoyance from the use of loudspeakers on mobile devices, previous work has investigated the use of acoustic contrast control to optimise the performance of small arrays of loudspeakers. These investigations have assumed that the baffle dimensions are negligible so that the loudspeakers are omnidirectional, which is reasonable at low frequencies; however, in practice the effect of a finite-sized baffle on the optimised performance is important at higher frequencies. This paper reports the results of using a finite-element model of a two-source array, positioned on a mobile phone sized baffle, to investigate the influence of the baffle on the predicted array performance. The baffle is shown to reduce the performance of the array at frequencies greater than around 1 kHz, but then the directivity of the individual drivers enhances performance at these higher frequencies.
Interactive 3D Modeling in the Inception Phase of Architectural Design

In architectural design 3D modeling in the inception phase is up to now not supported in CAD. Moreover 3D modeling is still far from intuitive with the common interface techniques. This paper introduces a 3D modeling tool for architects, which is limited in its purposes but yet very powerful in its use. A cube is the basic drawing element to construct building masses. Modification of the design is achieved by dragging sets of cubes resulting in the creation or deletion of new cubes.
Servitization and remote monitoring technology: A literature review and research agenda

Purpose – Servitization centres on the transfer of risks from the customer to manufacturer. By providing real-time information about current and predicted health of a product in the field, remote monitoring technology can mitigate some of those risks. Although recognised as one of the key enablers of servitization, the mainstream servitization research community has shown very little interest in this topic. The aim is to identify and critically analyse relevant research addressing the topic of remote monitoring technology and servitization and, based on this analysis, propose an agenda to guide future research in this area. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology adopted is literature review consisting of three steps: define purpose and research questions, select keywords and databases, and identify and analyse relevant papers. Findings – Ten findings have been made, which characterise current state of research under categories of examples, benefits, and challenges of using remote monitoring technol.
Estimation of the friction coefficient between wheel and rail surface using traction motor behaviour

The friction coefficient between a railway wheel and rail surface is a crucial factor in maintaining high acceleration and braking performance of railway vehicles thus monitoring this friction coefficient is important. Restricted by the difficulty in directly measuring the friction coefficient, the creep force or creepage, indirect methods using state observers are used more frequently. This paper presents an approach using a Kalman filter to estimate the creep force and creepage between the wheel and rail and then to identify the friction coefficient using the estimated creep force-creepage relationship. A mathematic model including an AC motor, wheel and roller is built to simulate the driving system. The parameters are based on a test rig at Manchester Metropolitan University. The Kalman filter is designed to estimate the friction coefficient based on the measurements of the simulation model. Series of residuals are calculated through the comparison between the estimated creep force and theoretical values of different friction coefficient. Root mean square values of the residuals are used in the friction coefficient identification.
'Decent dairying' - findings from a change laboratory process to reduce fatigue on New Zealand dairy farms

New Zealand dairy farming has been contemplating adopting a 'decent work' model as a response to excess levels of fatigue. Fatigue at work can kill or cause serious injury or impairment of cognitive powers. Dairy workers are disadvantaged by their remoteness from the enforcement of labour standards, together with reluctantly compliant small employers. Using Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) and Finnish Developmental Work Research (DWR) tools, our research addresses fatigue and stress with plans to support cultural change. Initial ethnographic fieldwork is complete and workshops to explore long term, practical solutions to the problems of overwork, fatigue and stress are underway. A farmer-led approach to establish 'decent dairy farming' practices, based on what a 'decent' dairy farm has, what a 'decent' dairy farm does, and what characterises a 'decent' dairy farm employee is promising. Precise implications of this work for farming systems extension and research are still evolving.
Optimum design of a holographic parallel flat-field grating

To widen the working waveband, a new holographic parallel flat-field grating (HPFG) with two sub-gratings lying parallel on the same substrate is designed. Grating parameters of the two gratings, one for 2~5 nm and the other for 5~30 nm, are optimized based on the aberration theory of concave grating. The radius tolerances of curvature of the substrate are also analyzed. Ray-traced spectral images indicate that errors cased by ±1% deviation of radius can be offset by shifting the detector position within 2.5 mm. Finally, we analyze the spectral image-focusing properties. Theoretical spectral resolution of this new HPFG is pretty much the same as that of existing holographic flat-field grating. The simulation results demonstrate that our work probably can be used in the compact spectrometers with a broad spectral region and moderately high resolution.
An Efficient Calculation for TI-LFA Rerouting Path

SUMMARY Recently, segment routing, which is a modern forwarding mechanism, and Topology Independent Loop-free Alternate, which is an IP fast-reroute method using segment routing, have been proposed and have begun to be applied to real networks. When a failure occurs in a network, TI-LFA quickly restores packet forwarding without waiting for other nodes to update their routing tables. It does so by using segment routing to forward sections that may cause loops in the rerouting path. However, determining the segment routing sections has a high computational cost because it requires computation for each destination. This paper therefore proposes an algorithm to determine the egress node that is the exit of the segment routing section for all destination nodes with only three shortest-path tree calculations. The evaluation results of the proposed algorithm showed that the average tunnel lengths are at most 2.0 to 2.2 hops regardless of the size of the network. I also showed that the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is O ( N log N ) .
Detecting Multi-label emotions from code-mixed Facebook Status Updates

Objectives: With the growth of Social Media and the increasing use of English-Hindi (Hinglish) in linguistically diverse countries such as India, it is becoming increasingly important to analyse Hinglish-language content on Social Media platforms like Facebook. Prior sentiment and emotion analyses have only focused on single-label classiﬁcation, ignoring the possibility of coexisting emotions within one instance. By analysing code-mixed Facebook status updates, the study aims to investigate multiple emotions. Method: 15,995 English-Hindi mixed Facebook status updates are annotated with emotions like joy, sadness, anger, fear, trust, disgust, surprise, anticipation, and love. Diﬀerent pre-processing techniques are used to normalize the noisy data to produce more accurate results. We apply ﬁve diﬀerent multi-level classiﬁcation algorithms with word-level and character n-gram approaches to test the best classiﬁcation results. Findings: The results of the experiment indicate that a status update can evoke multiple emotions rather than just one. Precision, recall, F1 score, and accuracy using both Micro and Macro averaging are used to evaluate the performance of diﬀerent classiﬁers. As compared to other classiﬁcation algorithms, the Classiﬁer Chains algorithm with its 2-6-gram approach has the highest accuracy of 86% with a precision of 0.98. As compared to other classiﬁers, the Classiﬁer Chains algorithm oﬀered better results due to its ability to consider the correlations between class labels. Applications: The article focuses on the multi-label emotion classiﬁcation task, which examines whether a Facebook status update shows none, one, or more of the nine emotions as outlined by Plutchik’s wheel of emotions. Considering the emotion of a text can support decision-making processes in various ways.
Performance Entitlement of Supercritical Steam Bottoming Cycle

A supercritical steam bottoming cycle has been proposed as a performance enhancement option for gas turbine combined cycle power plants. The technology has been widely used in coal-fired steam turbine power plants since the 1950s and can be considered a mature technology. Its application to the gas-fired combined cycle systems presents unique design challenges due to the much lower gas temperatures (i.e., 650 °C at the gas turbine exhaust vis-a-vis 2000 °C in fossil fuel-fired steam boilers). Thus, the potential impact of the supercritical steam conditions is hampered to the point of economic infeasibility. This technical brief draws upon the second-law based exergy concept to rigorously quantify the performance entitlement of a supercritical high-pressure boiler section in a heat recovery steam generator utilizing the exhaust of a gas turbine to generate steam for power generation in a steam turbine.
Hypothesis management in situation assessment

A situation assessment uses reports from sensors to produce hypotheses about a situation at a level of aggregation that is of direct interest to a military commander. A low level of aggregation could mean forming tracks from reports, which is well documented in the tracking literature as track initiation and data association. In this paper there is also discussion on higher level aggregation; assessing the membership of tracks to larger groups. Ideas used in joint tracking and identification are extended, using multi-entity Bayesian networks to model a number of static variables, of which the identity of a target is one. For higher level aggregation a scheme for hypothesis management is required. It is shown how an offline clustering of vehicles can be reduced to an assignment problem.
Road verges facilitate exotic species expansion into undisturbed natural montane grasslands

Mountain ecosystems are increasingly recognised as susceptible to colonisation by exotic plant species (Alexander et al., 2016). Exotics are successfully moving into mountain ecosystems at a global scale (Haider et al., 2018), occasionally beyond their conventional upper elevational range limits (Lenoir et al., 2008; Kalwij et al., 2015; Pauchard et al., 2016; Dainese et al., 2017; Koide et al., 2017). Exotic species are particularly common in montane road verges, which often harbour more exotics than the adjacent hinterland (Pauchard Received: 15 February 2021 | Revised: 13 September 2021 | Accepted: 27 September 2021 DOI: 10.1111/avsc.12615