Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contributions to the accreted stellar halo: an atlas of stellar deposition

The accreted component of stellar halos is composed of the contributions of several satellites, falling onto their host with their different masses, at different times, on different orbits. This work uses a suite of idealised, collisionless N-body simulations of minor mergers and a particle tagging technique to understand how these different ingredients shape each contribution to the accreted halo, in both density and kinematics. I find that more massive satellites deposit their stars deeper into the gravitational potential of the host, with a clear segregation enforced by dynamical friction. Earlier accretion events contribute more to the inner regions of the halo; more concentrated subhaloes sink deeper through increased dynamical friction. The orbital circularity of the progenitor at infall is only important for low-mass satellites: dynamical friction efficiently radialises the most massive minor mergers erasing the imprint of the infall orbit for satellite-to-host virial mass ratios $\gtrsim1/20$. The kinematics of the stars contributed by each satellite is also ordered with satellite mass: low-mass satellites contribute fast-moving populations, in both ordered rotation and radial velocity dispersion. In turn, contributions by massive satellites have lower velocity dispersion and lose their angular momentum to dynamical friction, resulting in a strong radial anisotropy.
Does correction for guessing improve the realism in absolute and relative frequency judgements

The present study investigated the effects of three factors on the level of realism in frequency judgements. These factors were: Instruction (No correction for guessing/Correction for guessing), Format (whether the frequency judgements were made in terms of absolute numbers or in percent) and Difficulty level (easy/hard set of questions). All three factors were found to have a significant effect on the level of the frequency judgements and their realism. In addition, there were no interaction effects. The results suggest that the level and the realism of frequency judgements are both affected by different factors. Correction for guessing improved the realism in frequency judgements, however, only on the set of easy questions and markedly only in the relative format.
Analysis of the social, productive and governance dimensions of the Physalis peruviana chain: a case study of the Inter-Andean zone in Ecuador

La diversificacion de los productos agroalimentarios mediante cadenas emergentes juega un papel socioeconomico fundamental en Ecuador. Sin embargo, las investigaciones se han centrado solo en examinar el desempeno agronomico. Por otro lado, existe un cambio en la perspectiva hacia modelos de produccion y consumo sostenibles. La sostenibilidad socioeconomica, la configuracion de cadena y la gobernanza son aspectos para proponer mejoras. Los factores socioeconomicos y productivos son consecuentes con el nivel de desarrollo y aun afectan el progreso de las cadenas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar aspectos socioeconomicos y de produccion para comprender la dinamica de la cadena de bayas incas, por lo cual se introdujo el dimensionamiento vertical y horizontal para contribuir con ideas relevantes. El marco aplicado cuenta con actividades primarias y de apoyo, y flujos de alta y baja relevancia. La investigacion agrupo niveles de preproduccion, produccion y postproduccion; ademas, se ejecuto el mapeo de la cadena alimentaria y la identificacion de los actores. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron estrategias viables a largo plazo, como la diversificacion de canales de comercializacion, la intervencion de instituciones academicas y el empoderamiento de las asociaciones, dirigidas a modelos circulares. La principal contribucion es la aplicacion de la configuracion para evaluar el rendimiento. Ademas, recomendamos emplear nuevos indicadores para analizar los componentes ambientales e institucionales a profundidad. Los profesionales con unidades de produccion y academicos pueden encontrar util el estudio para poner en funcionamiento la sostenibilidad agroalimentaria.
A Novel Flower Pollination Algorithm based on Genetic Algorithm Operators

The Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) is a new natural bio-inspired optimization algorithm that mimics the real-life processes of the flower pollination. Thus, the latter has a quick convergence, but its population diversity and convergence precision can be limited in some applications. In order to improve its intensification (exploitation) and diversification (exploration) abilities, we have introduced a simple modification in its general structure. More precisely, we have added both Crossover and Mutation Genetic Algorithm (GA) operators respectively, just after calculating the new candidate solutions and the greedy selection operation in its basic structure. The proposed method, called FPA-GA has been tested on all the CEC2005 contest test instances. Experimental results show that FPA-GA is very competitive.
ONETEP: linear‐scaling density‐functional theory with local orbitals and plane waves (Phys. Status Solidi B 2006, 243, 2489–2499)

[12] C. -K. Skylaris, P. D. Haynes, A. A. Mostofi, M. C. Payne, J. Chem. Phys. 2005, 122, 084119. [34] C. -K. Skylaris, A. A. Mostofi, P. D. Haynes, O. Diéguez, M. C. Payne, Phys. Rev. B 2002, 66, 035119. [46] P. D. Haynes, A. A. Mostofi, C. -K. Skylaris, M. C. Payne, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2006, 26, 143. [57] C. -K. Skylaris, P. D. Haynes, A. A. Mostofi, M. C. Payne, Phys. Status Solidi B 2006, 243, 973. [60] P. D. Haynes, C. -K. Skylaris, A. A. Mostofi, M. C. Payne, Chem. Phys. Lett. 2006, 422, 345.
Effects of integrating physical and financial flows through a closed-loop supply chain network under uncertain demand and return

The impact of financial challenges on the profit of a supply chain, have caused the researcher to model the supply chain network by considering the operational and financial dimensions. Also, the establishment of a closed loop supply chain (CLSC) network has a high effect on economic profit. So, the purpose of this study is to design a stochastic closed loop supply chain network by considering the operational and ﬁnancial dimensions and tactical decision-making level. First, a deterministic mixed-integer linear programming model is developed. Then, the scenario-based of the proposed mixed integer linear programming model is presented. The main innovation of this research is to develop a mathematical model that simultaneously focuses on optimizing the financial and physical flows in an integrated manner and uses the financial ratios in the form of a closed loop supply chain. In order to illustrate the applicability of the proposed model, a test problem from the recent literature is used. The analysis of the results obtained from the developed stochastic mathematical model shows an averagely 4% increase in profit and a 27% reduction in semi-variance compared to deterministic developed models.
Modelling the spatial patterns of ignition causes and fire regime features in southern France: implications for fire prevention policy

A good knowledge of the spatiotemporal patterns of the causes of wildfire ignition is crucial to an efficient fire policy. However, little is known about the situation in southeastern France because the fire database contains unreliable data. We used data for cases with well-established causes from 1973 to 2013 to determine the location of spatial hotspots, the seasonal distribution, the underlying anthropogenic and environmental drivers, and the tendency of five main causes to generate large fires. Anthropogenic ignitions were predominant (88%) near human settlements and infrastructures in the lowlands, whilst lightning-induced fires were more common in the coastal mountains. In densely-populated, urban areas, small summer fires predominate because of the negligence of private individuals around their homes, or accidental ignitions near infrastructures. In rural hinterlands, ignitions due to negligence by professionals generate many medium-sized fires from fall to spring. Intentional and accidental ignitions contribute the most to the total burned area and to large fires. We conclude that socioeconomic factors partially control the fire regime, influencing the timing, spatial distribution and potential size of fires. This improved understanding of why, where and when ignitions occur provides the opportunity for controlling certain causes of ignitions, and adapting French policy to global changes
Design of Fuzzy Controllers for Embedded Systems With JFML

This paper has been supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Projects TIN2017-89517-P, TIN2015-68454-R, TIN2017-84796-C2-1-R, and TIN2017-90773-REDT) and the Andalusian Government. In addition, Jose M. Alonso is Ramon y Cajal Researcher (RYC-2016-19802). Financial support from the Galician Ministry of Education (grants ED431F 2018/02, GRC2014/030 and accreditation 2016-2019, ED431G/08), co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF/FEDER program), is also gratefully acknowledged.
Monetary Policy and International Remittances

This article studies the response of Mexico’s monetary policy to inflows of workers’ remittances. Previous studies have shown that remittances can have an impact on several macroeconomic variables of the receiving country (e.g. exchange rate, inflation and output, among others). Mexico has the largest inflow of remittances in Latin America and the second largest inflow in the world. As such, it may be the case that the monetary authority in Mexico is taking these flows into account when selecting their monetary policy stance. Overall, the results of this study indicate that remittance shocks do not have a large impact on Mexico’s monetary policy variables. This seems to suggest that Mexico’s Central Bank main concern is inflation and that the potential appreciation of the Mexican currency as a result of increased remittance inflows might not be a priority.
A Methodology for Long-Term Monitoring of Climate Change Impacts on Historic Buildings

A new methodology for long-term monitoring of climate change impacts on historic buildings and interiors has been developed. This paper proposes a generic framework for how monitoring programs can be developed and describes the planning and arrangement of a Norwegian monitoring campaign. The methodology aims to make it possible to establish a data-driven decision making process based on monitored decay related to climate change. This monitoring campaign includes 45 medieval buildings distributed over the entirety of Norway. Thirty-five of these buildings are dated to before 1537 and include wooden buildings as well as 10 medieval churches built in stone while the remaining 10 buildings are situated in the World Heritage sites of Bryggen, in Bergen on the west coast of Norway, and in Røros, which is a mining town in the inland of the country. The monitoring is planned to run for 30 to 50 years. It includes a zero-level registration and an interval-based registration system focused on relevant indicators, which will make it possible to register climate change-induced decay at an early stage.
PART VI MIXED METHODS AND COMPLEX ANALOGIES

The final section of this book puts emphasis on combinations of methods—synthetic analysis—rather than focusing on any given approach on its own. The five chapters here explore complex phenomena through a range of methods, each complementing the others in a holistic examination of the system/phenomenon. I begin with Goldstein’s work, based on his long-standing influence in creating a discipline of complexity (Goldstein 1988, 1999, 2000; Goldstein, Hazy and Silberstang 2010). His work is also the most theoretically broad in this section, as reflected in his main research question: ‘How can we best conceptualize, and therefore measure, the nature of emergence itself, in our world? ’ His primary claim is that we often see emergence in the wrong way, as an outcome derived (‘self-organized’) by a recombination of existing elements. Instead, emergence should be seen as the creation of something ‘radically novel. ’ Whereas in self-organization the components stay the same but are re-ordered, in radical novelty the micro elements themselves transform, leading potentially to new types and levels of macro order, and sometimes to new laws and processes within the system. To study this emergence requires first considering the many different ways these macro-phenomena may appear in emergence, and then seeking to identify at least one data collection/analysis method for each. These may be quantitative—he talks about dissipative structures, cybernetics, physics and mathematics (Cantor sets). They may be qualitative—he includes Goethe’s alternative qualitative methods, and uses case studies as examples. They may be actionable, as he illustrates through the creative arts, and his own approaches of difference questioning and purpose contrasting for enacting social change. Mostly, these need to be synthesized, brought together into a shared view (story) about the complex phenomenon. Overall, Goldstein’s emphasis is in exploring methods that can identify the radical nature of emergent, ‘self-transforming constructions. ’ Varga’s chapter pushes this theme in a more operational direction, identifying various complexity methods and approaches that can be used to “integrate across scales and boundaries. ” Here again, the goal is to synthesize information, to gain the clearest understanding of the complex systems being studied. But she reminds us that integration is challenging, requiring carefully designed strategies of data collection and analysis. The core of her chapter is a detailed introduction of ten specific methods/designs and seven paradigmatic stances that researchers can use to explore complex systems. Each
Spatial and Temporal Management of Cellular HetNets with Multiple Solar Powered Drones

This paper proposes an energy management framework for cellular heterogeneous networks (HetNets) supported by dynamic solar powered drones. A HetNet composed of a macrocell base station (BS), micro cell BSs, and drone small cell BSs are deployed to serve the networks’ subscribers. The drones can land at pre-planned locations defined by the mobile operator and at the macrocell BS site where they can charge their batteries. The objective of the framework is to jointly determine the optimal trips of the drones and the MBSs that can be safely turned off in order to minimize the total energy consumption of the network. This is done while considering the cells’ capacities and the minimum receiving power guaranteeing successful communications. To do so, an integer linear programming problem is formulated and optimally solved for three cases based on the knowledge level about future renewable energy statistics of the drones. A low complex relaxed solution is also developed. Its performances are shown to be close to those of the optimal solutions. However, the gap increases as the network becomes more congested. Numerical results investigate the performance of the proposed drone-based approach and show notable improvements in terms of energy saving and network capacity.
Low-income developing countries and WTO litigation: Why wake up the sleeping dog?

ABSTRACT The World Trade Organization (WTO) is one of the most judicialized dispute settlement systems in international politics. While a general appreciation has developed that the system has worked quite well, research has not paid sufficient attention to the weakest actors in the system. This paper addresses the puzzle of missing cases of least-developed countries initiating WTO dispute settlement procedures. It challenges the existing literature on developing countries in WTO dispute settlement which predominantly focuses on legal capacity and economic interests. The paper provides an argument that the small universe of ‘actionable cases’, the option of free riding and the assessment of the perceived opportunity costs related to other foreign policy priorities better explain the absence of cases. In addition (and somewhat counterintuitively), we argue that the absence of cases is not necessarily bad news and shows how the weakest actors can use the dispute settlement system in a ‘lighter version’ or in indirect ways. The argument is empirically assessed by conducting a case study on four West African cotton-producing countries (C4) and their involvement in dispute settlement.
Plasma equilibrium reconstruction of jet discharges using the imas modelling infrastructure

The reconstruction of Tokamak plasma equilibrium is a fundamental step in the understanding of fusion plasma physics since it sets the starting point for all subsequent plasma modelling applications and experimental data interpretation. The verification and validation of the numerical codes used to reconstruct plasma equilibrium, using as many available input experimental data e.g. magnetic field or flux measurements, density and temperature diagnostics and polarimetry diagnostics, is essential both for physics model interpretation and when qualifying and extrapolating for ITER. In the framework of the EUROfusion Work Package on Code Development for Integrated Modelling, a scientific Kepler workflow for the reconstruction of Tokamak plasma equilibrium was prototyped, using the ITER Integrated Modelling and Analysis Suite (IMAS). The workflow can seamlessly use any sort of data from Tokamak experiments and call equilibrium reconstruction codes such as EQUAL, EQUINOX, NICE, EFIT++ and SDSS, all using the same physics and engineering data ontology and methods for accessing the data. In the paper, plasma equilibrium reconstructions on dedicated JET plasma dischargesare shownusing at first magnetic data only and subsequently considering also other constrains suchas Motional Stark Effect(MSE). Results with magneticsonly give a good qualitative and quantitative agreement between the codes while including MSE, as anticipated, a substantial improvementofthe core plasma profilesis achieved.
TMAS: A Traffic Monitoring Analytics System Leveraging Machine Learning

Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) provide high quality of service by storing content in edge-servers close to users. Attacks against CDN edge-servers can lead to loss in revenue and reputation. Attacks are becoming more sophisticated, and new attacks are being introduced constantly. In our previous work, we developed a security orchestration system driven by high-level security policies to dynamically deploy mitigation services. In this system, security policies are triggered at the occurrence of low-level alerts that correspond to misuse of an edge-server’s resources. However, a network operator must know the effects of any attack on resources to deploy an appropriate mitigation service. Moreover, pin-pointing the actual cause (e.g., malicious IPs) of resource misuse is challenging. Also, edge-server’s resources may not be affected by some attacks.Leveraging advanced machine learning techniques, we extend our system to detect new and sophisticated attacks. The goal is to enable the network operator to specify higher-level security policies without worrying about analyzing low-level resource usage alerts. Further, policy enforcement can trigger the deployment of mitigation services only for malicious entities identified by the alerts. In this perspective, we propose a Hybrid Classification Clustering (HCC) method that not only detects known sophisticated attacks accurately (with 99.9% detection recall) but is capable of detecting new attacks (with 56.4% detection recall). Further, to improve the detection rate of new attacks and anomalies, we propose an Autoencoder-based Network Anomaly Detection (ANAD) method using a fully-connected autoencoder model. The evaluation results show that our model achieves 76.7% recall surpassing the isolation forest and the local outlier factor methods.
The Panorama of the Last Decade’s Theoretical Groundings of Educational Leadership Research: A Concept Co-Occurrence Network Analysis

Purpose: Given the essential role of theories in research, this study aims to identify the theories and concepts undergirding educational leadership research, illuminate the interconnections among them, and examine the evolution of the theoretical groundings of the field from 2005 to 2014. Methods: This study constructed a concept co-occurrence network, in which the nodes represent all the framing concepts that theoretically framed the 1,328 articles published in four leading educational leadership research journals (Educational Administration Quarterly, Journal of Educational Administration, Educational Management Administration & Leadership, and Journal of School Leadership) over the past decade and the ties link the concepts that co-occur in an article. The reference frequency and centrality measures were used to identify the influential concepts. Next, the k-core analysis was performed to visualize the interconnections among the concepts. Moreover, a series of network cohesion measures were used to detect the changes in conceptual cohesion over the past decade. Findings: While 295 framing concepts guided the educational leadership empirical studies, a small number of concepts exerted a disproportionately large influence on the research. Furthermore, these influential concepts closely interplay with one another, and the strongest interconnection was seen between the concepts of leadership approaches and organizational perspectives. Last, the increasingly pluralistic theoretical foundation did not yield the growing conceptual cohesion in educational leadership. Implications: This study for the first time elucidates the structure and evolution of the theoretical groundings of educational leadership research, laying the foundation for further theory development and inviting researchers to bring conceptual cohesion to this field through integrating concepts, allowing random ideas to mutate, and developing new theories.
Effects of pharmacological FXR activation on the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts in rats

The bile salt-activated farnesoid X receptor (FXR; NR1H4) controls transcription of various genes involved in bile salt synthesis and transport. We studied the physiological consequences of prolonged treatment of rats with the FXR agonist GW4046 (25 mg. kg.day for 6 days) on the kinetics of the enterohepatic cycling of cholate, the major bile salt species in rats. Pool size, fractional turnover rate, synthesis rate and cycling time of cholate were determined by stable isotope dilution and related to expression of relevant hepatic and intestinal transporters in control and GW4046-treated rats. Cholate synthesis rate was decreased by 50%, which was associated with a reduction of the cholate pool size by 45% upon GW4046 treatment. Reduced cholate synthesis coincided with a ~50% decrease in hepatic sterol 12α-hydroxylase (Cyp8b1) expression, whereas cholesterol 7αhydroxylase (Cyp7a1) expression was not significantly affected. Protein and mRNA expression of the ileal bile acid-binding protein (Ibabp), but not of the apical sodiumdependent bile salt transporter (Asbt), were increased with a shift towards more proximal parts of the ileum upon FXR activation. Despite this, fractional turnover rate and cycling time of the cholate pool as well as the calculated amount of cholate lost from the intestine per day were not significantly affected. Thus, treatment with the FXR agonist GW4046 in rats is associated with inhibition of the cholate synthesis rate and reduction of the cholate pool size. Induction of intestinal Ibabp expression does not contribute to the maintainance of the pool size in this condition of impaired bile salt synthesis.