Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis: passive immunotherapy with antibodies raised against divalent flagellin

Objective(s): Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections such as keratitis are considered among the major health problems worldwide due to the complexity of pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance crisis, thus, finding new effective approaches for prevention and treatment of the infections seem to be still vital. In this report, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of topical administration of the antibodies against type a and b-flagellin (FLA and FLB) in Pseudomonas keratitis model of infection in mice. Materials and Methods: Scratched corneas of mice were treated with approximately 107 CFUs/eye of PAK and/or PAO1 strains of P. aeruginosa. Specific IgG to FLA, FLB or divalent flagellin were topically applied to the infected corneas for 20 min, 24, and 36 hr post-infection. The bacterial burden and myeloperoxidase activity (as a marker for polymorphonuclears (PMNs) infiltration) were determined in the corneas. The biological activity of the anti-FLA and FLB IgG was evaluated in vitro by opsonophagocytosis test. Results: Compared to other treated corneas, divalent anti-flagellin IgG treatment showed a significant decrease in the bacterial CFUs and myeloperoxidase activity in the infected corneas (P<0.05). Results of opsonophagocytosis revealed that the specific antibodies raised against FLA and FLB had more potent opsonic killing activity on their homologous strains as compared with control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: It appears that in P. aeruginosa keratitis, topical administration of the combined antibodies likely via decreasing the bacterial load, and PMNs infiltration as well as increasing opsonophagocytosis could lead to dramatic improvement of the infected corneas.
Dietary trans-fatty acid intake in relation to cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

CONTEXT Apart from ruminant fat, trans-fatty acids are produced during the partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils, (eg, in the production of ultraprocessed foods). Harmful cardiovascular effects of trans-fatty acids are already proven, but the link with cancer risk has not yet been summarized. OBJECTIVE A systematic review (following PRISMA guidelines) - including observational studies on the association of trans-fatty acid intake with any cancer risk - was conducted, with no limitations on population types. DATA SOURCES The electronic databases PubMed and Embase were searched to identify relevant studies. DATA EXTRACTION This systematic review included 46 articles. Quality was assessed via the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analyses were conducted if at least 4 articles exploring the same transfat-cancer pairings were found. DATA ANALYSIS Nineteen cancer types have been researched in cohort and case-control studies on trans-fatty acids, with breast cancer (n = 17), prostate cancer (n = 11), and colorectal cancer (n = 9) as the most researched. The meta-analyses on total trans-fat showed a significant positive association for prostate cancer (odds ratio [OR] 1.49; 95%CI, 1.13-1.95) and colorectal cancer (OR 1.26; 95%CI, 1.08-1.46) but not for breast cancer (OR 1.12; 95%CI, 0.99-1.26), ovarian cancer (OR 1.10; 95%CI, 0.94-1.28), or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (OR 1.32; 95%CI, 0.99-1.76). Results were dependent on the fatty acid subtype, with even cancer-protective associations for some partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. Enhancing moderators in the positive transfat-cancer relation were gender (direction was cancer-site specific), European ancestry, menopause, older age, and overweight. CONCLUSION Despite heterogeneity, higher risk of prostate and colorectal cancer by high consumption of trans-fatty acids was found. Future studies need methodological improvements (eg, using long-term follow-up cancer data and intake biomarkers). Owing to the lack of studies testing trans-fatty acid subtypes in standardized ways, it is not clear which subtypes (eg, ruminant sources) are more carcinogenic. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018105899.
Accident prevention by detection of Drowsiness using Heart rate and body temperature sensing

Fatigue or sleep is a crucial factor in traffic accidents especially for long distance journeys. In this article, an innovative module depicts for automatic driver drowsiness detection based on heart rate and skin temperature. This system aims towards detecting and alert the driver to prevent accidents. Bothsensor performance has been utilized and modulated through the Arduino microcontroller and produce output. Achieve better accuracy for detecting sleep, a new method that is the combination of the heart rate sensor, as well as body temperature sensor, is proposed. Also, the proposed system can monitor the heart rate and body temperature continuously for detecting the health status of the driver also. Experimental results show high accuracy in each section which makes this system reliable for driver sleep detection and alarm system.
MatCH (Mothers and their Children’s Health) Profile: offspring of the 1973-78 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health

MatCH (Mothers and their Children’s Health) is a nationwide Australian study to investigate the links between the history of health, wellbeing and living conditions of mothers and the health and development of their children. MatCH builds on the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH), which began in 1996 and has surveyed more than 58,000 women in four nationally representative age cohorts. MatCH focuses on the three youngest offspring of the cohort of ALSWH participants randomly sampled from all women in Australia born in 1973–78 (N=5780 children of N=3039 mothers). These women, who had completed up to seven postal or online surveys since 1996, were invited in 2016–17 to complete surveys about the health and development of their three youngest children aged under 13. The mothers reported on their children’s health conditions and symptoms, diet, anthropometric measures, childcare, screen time, physical activity, temperament, behaviour, language development, motor development and health service utilisation, as well as household and environmental factors. These data are being linked with each child’s records from official sources including the Australian Early Development Census (collected at age five to six), the National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy (collected at age eight, 10, 12 and 14) and other external datasets. MatCH will combine 20 years of maternal data with all the information on her children, taking into account the family setting. MatCH offers an unprecedented opportunity to advance our understanding of the relationship between maternal health and wellbeing and child health and development.
A prospective analysis of the risk factors and the perinatal outcome of preterm labour

Background: Preterm labour is a challenging complication encountered by obstetricians. The dictum prevention is better than cure well applies for preterm labour also, hence the importance of knowing the risk factors. Infection is one treatable, thus preventable risk factor.Methods: Prospective cohort study involving 75 antenatals at gestational age from 28 to 36+6 weeks. After getting clearance from institutional ethical committee detailed history including history of UTI, excessive vaginal discharge, previous abortions and previous preterm labour and medical complications were collected. Two doses of injection Betamethasone 12 mg 24 hours apart were given for all patients. High vaginal swab was taken from all subjects and results analysed. Neonates are then followed up till discharge.Results: The incidences were higher in primigravidas compared to multiparas. Late preterms (34-36+6 weeks) were the majority in the group. PPROM was the major cause for late preterm births, this was followed by UTI and vaginal infections. Among the high vaginal swab 30.7% were culture positive. E Coli was the most common organism isolated followed by Staphylococcus Aureus, Klebsiella, and MRSA. Hyperbilirubinemia was the most common neonatal complication. Out of 7 neonatal deaths 6 were due to RDS and one was extremely preterm newborn. Women who delivered at least 24 hours after initiation of steroid were considered steroid covered group. Steroid covered group had lesser incidence of RDS with P value of 0.001which was statistically significant.Conclusions: UTI and vaginal infections were major risk factors for preterm labour and should be tackled antenatally. High vaginal swab should be taken for threatened preterm labour especially early preterm. Betamethasone administration causes a definite reduction in the incidence of RDS. Induce PPROM after 36 weeks to reduce late preterm complications provided there is no chorioamnionitis.
Reconstruction of heel soft tissue defects using sensate medial plantar flap

Introduction. Reconstruction of heel soft tissue defects represents a true challenge for any surgeon due to the particularities of this anatomical region. The tissue used to reconstruct the heel area must be resistant, innervated, and adapted to take over the body weight. Innervated medial plantar fasciocutaneous flap is one of the best solutions to cover defects at the heel level. Materials and Methods. We studied 5 patients, 4 males and one female, aged 42 to 67 years, who presented heel soft tissue defects of various etiologies. In all cases, the used reconstructive method was an insular innervated medial plantar fasciocutaneous flap. Results. Immediate and late outcomes were good. No immediate complications of necrosis type were recorded in any of the cases, and 2 years postoperatively there was no evidence of ulceration or other type of flap injury. The socio-professional reintegration of the patients was relatively rapid and their satisfaction was high. Donor area morbidity was minimal. Conclusions. Sensate medial plantar fasciocutaneous flap represents the first choice for the reconstruction of the heel soft tissue defects when patients’ local and general status allows it.
A Study to Assess the Efficacy of Magnetization TransferRatio in Differentiating Tuberculoma from Neurocysticercosis.

Single Or Multiple Enhancing Lesions In Computerized Tomography (CT) Of Brain May Occur In Several Infectious And Neoplastic Diseases Of The Central Nervous System And Are The Most Common Radiological Abnormality Seen In Patients With Acute-Onset Seizures In India And Many Other Developing Countries(1,2,3,6). Similar CT-Documented Lesions Have Also Been Reported In The Developed World Where These Lesions Are Often Considered To Be Caused By Neoplasm Or Tuberculoma. (1) Histopathological Studies In India And Even In Some Developed Countries Revealed That Neurocysticercosis (NCC) Is The Most Likely Cause Of These Lesions. The Second Most Common Cause Of These CT-Detected Lesions Is Tuberculoma; In Patients With These Lesions Similar Clinical And Neuroimaging Features Are Also Present. Few Authors Believe That In Poor And Developing Countries, Where Both Tuberculosis And NCC Are Common, It Is Difficult To Differentiate Between Tuberculoma And A Single Cysticercal Granuloma. The Most Interesting Feature Of These Solitary Enhancing Lesions Is Their Spontaneous Disappearance Within Weeks Or Months. Some Lesions "Heal" By Becoming Calcified. These Patients Require Only Antiepileptic Therapy, And This Medication May Be Withdrawn Safely After The Lesion Has Resolved On CT Scanning. In Several Studies Provision Of Anticysticercal Drugs Has Been Attempted, But Because Of Conflicting Results, Their Role In The Management Of These Single Lesions Is Uncertain. (1) Using CECT And Conventional MRI Brain, Tuberculoma And Neurocysticercus Granuloma Can Be Differentiated To Some Extent. (3) Various Studies Have Shown That Magnetization Transfer Ratio Obtained Using Magnetization Transfer MR Imaging Can Differentiate Tuberculoma From NCC. (8) This Forms The Basis Of The Study.
Mathematical Analysis of HIV/AIDS Anti-Retroviral Treatment Incorporating Adherence

Current treatment for HIV infection consists of Highly Active Antiretroviral (ART) therapy. However, lack of adherence to ART treatment has hampered the benefits of the ART treatment strategy and viral load suppression. Most of the treatment models studied so far do not explicitly include the relationship between adherence to ART regimens and viral load suppression. In this study, a mathematical model with ART adherence is developed. By an application of the next generation matrix approach, the reproduction number, R0, is determined.Stability analysis of the model developed shows that the Disease Free Equilibrium (DFE) is locally asymptotically stable, if R0 < 1, and an Endemic Equilibrium (EE) exists, which is unique and is locally asymptotically stable when R0 > 1. Using Lyapunov functional approach, the endemic equilibrium is shown to be globally asymptotically stable, and hence persistence of the disease in the population. *Corresponding author:ftireito@mmust.ac. ke Frankline et al.; ARJOM, 10(2): 1-13, 2018; Article no.ARJOM. 42830 Sensitivity analysis of the model shows that the disease can be kept under check if the test and treat strategy is upscaled as well as adherence to treatment for the infected individuals is emphasized.
Pattern of non-venereal dermatoses of female external genitalia in Rajasthan

Aims: To study the pattern and clinico-pathological profile of non-venereal dermatoses of female external genitalia in Rajasthan. Materials and Methods: Non venereological diseases of genitalia are often a diagnostic dilemma to the treating physician and also a cause of considerable concern to the patient because they tend to be confused with venereal diseases.We conducted this study in 355 female patients with non venereal dermatoses in Rajasthan over a period of two years from April 2014 to April 2016. The demographic characteristics and clinical findings were recorded and histopathologically confirmed as and when required. Cases having venereal diseases were excluded from the study by carrying out serological and microbiological tests for venereal diseases. Results: The most common non-venereal dermatoses were Tinea cruris and incognito (109 cases or 30.70 %), lichen simplex chronicus (96 cases or 27.04%),Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (65 cases or 18.30%) and vitiligo (20 cases or 5.63%). Other dermatoses included folliculitis, candidal intertigo,Bartholin cyst, Streptococcal vulvitis, Behcets disease,Molluscum contagiosum (autoinoculated), Lichen Planus, Bowenoid papulo-sis, Acrochordon , Lymphangiectesis, contact dermatitis, Congenital adhesion of labial fold ,Red vagina, Bidermatomal Herpes zoster, Papillary hidradenoma of vulva, keloid and Psoriasis. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of diagnosing non-venereal dermatoses not only for correct treatment of the patient but also to allay the anxiety associated with sexually transmitted diseases and cancer phobia.
Prevalence of Low Birth Weight in Iranian Newborns: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract Objectives: Low birth weight (LBW) affects newborns’ survival. It is also a credible sign of intra-uterine growth restriction and the most common health indicator for assessing neonates’ health conditions. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of LBW in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this meta-analysis, we reviewed studies conducted in Iran through literature search in electronic databases including SID, Magiran, Irandoc, Iranmedex, PubMed [including Medline], Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. ‘Low birth weight’ and its synonyms were searched as keywords in English and Farsi languages to retrieve articles published from 2000 to 2016. Lastly, 20 articles were included in this study after appraisal using the tool of Hoy et al. The findings of the included studies were combined using a random model. The heterogeneity of reported prevalence among articles was also evaluated by Q test and I2 index. The data were analyzed by the STATA software. Results: Total number of the samples was 43801 individuals. The prevalence of LBW was between 2.6%-18.9% in some Iranian studies. According to the random effects model, total prevalence of LBW in Iran was estimated 9% (95% CI, 7%-10%). Differences in prevalence of LBW in terms of year (b=-2 * 10-3, P = 0.154) and sample size (b=-4.02 * 10-6, P = 0.317) were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Despite differences in the designs of the included studies, LBW had a high prevalence in Iran. Therefore, there is a need to adopt meticulous care policies during pregnancy. Further investigations on the risk factors of LBW are required to be conducted in different areas of Iran.
The isolation and characterisation of mutants of the C4 plant Amaranthus edulis.

Des mutants obtenus par traitement a l'azoture de sodium d'une plante qui presente un metabolisme de type C 4 , Amaranthus edulis, ont ete cribles pour leur incapacite a pousser dans l'air normal. Cette incapacite est levee par l'air renfermant 0,7 % de CO 2 . Trois classes de mutants ont ete a present obtenus : (1) LaC 4 2.16 est depourvu de la forme majeure de PEP carboxylase rencontree dans la feuille. L'activite PEP carboxylase est cependant inchangee dans les tissus non photosynthetiques ; (2) LaC 4 73 est depourvu d'activite enzyme malique-NAD-dependante localisee dans les mitochondries des cellules du fourreau mais renferme cependant les 2 sous-unites constitutives de cette enzyme ; (3) LaC 4 2.11, 25 et 30 accumulent la glycine lorsque la plante est exposee a l'air. Le trait commun de tous ces mutants est leur capacite a fixer le CO 2 a des vitesses tres faibles lorsqu'ils sont exposes a l'air. Dans un mutant heterozygote de LaC 4 2.16 contenant seulement 55% de l'activite PEP carboxylase, la vitesse maximale de la photosynthese et le rendement de la carboxylation sont reduits d'environ 20 %. En utilisant un inhibiteur de la glutamine synthetase (phosphinothricine) en presence d'aminoacetonitrile, la vitesse d'accumulation de l'ammoniaque a ete determinee. Chez le mutant qui accumule la glycine, la quantite d'ammoniaque produite est faible indiquant que, dans la souche sauvage de Amaranthus edulis presentant un metabolisme de type C 4 , il existe une vitesse mesurable significative de la photorespiration.
The distribution of MEFV mutations in Turkish FMF patients: multicenter study representing results of Anatolia

Background/aim The distribution of Mediterranean fever (MEFV) gene mutations in Turkish familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) patients varies according to geographic area of Turkey. There is a need for highly representative data for Turkish FMF patients. The aim of our study was to investigate the distribution of the common MEFV mutations in Turkish FMF patients in a nationwide, multicenter study. Materials and methods Data of the 2246 FMF patients, from 15 adult rheumatology clinics located in different parts of the country, were evaluated retrospectively. The following mutations have been tested in all patients: M694V, M680I, M694I, V726A, and E148Q. Results There were 1719 FMF patients with available genetic testing. According to the genotyping, homozygous M694V, present in 413 patients (24%), was the most common mutation . One hundred and fifty-four (9%) of patients had no detectable mutations. Allele frequencies of common mutations were: M694V (n = 1529, 44.5%), M680I (n = 423, 12.3%), V726A (n = 315, 9.2%), E148Q (n = 214, 1%), and M694I (n = 12, <1%). Conclusion In this large-scale multicenter study, we provided information about the frequencies of common MEFV gene mutations obtained from adult Turkish FMF patients. Nearly half of the patients were carrying at least one M694V mutations in their alleles.
Cost-per-QALY in the US and Britain: Damned if You Do and Damned if You Don't

During the OHE Annual Lecture of 2011, Professor Weinstein examined the key differences between attitudes in the UK and the US around the appropriate use of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) within health care systems. Professor Weinstein explored US arguments against CEA, such as the relationship between health care expenditures and health outcomes across hospitals and geographic areas. He also discussed particularities of the UK system, highlighting that the guidelines for cost-per-QALY studies are very strict.
Coca

made into a bolus, which they call acuUico, and which must be chewed in order to extract from the leaves their active principle. He attributes to the cocaine the effects which the chewed leaf produces on the body. Cocaine is a nitrogenous alkaloid, able to neutralize acids, and which forms with them crystallizable salts, especially with acetic and hydrochloric acids, and whose atomic formula is C1GH20NO4, and an equivalent of water. The action which Uijota produces on the coca is thus perfectly explained; the cocaine existing in a state of combination with organic acids, any alkali or alkaline carbonate will loosen it from its combination, thus favouring its solution in the saliva, and its ultimate absorption. As cocaine is very soluble in alcohol, and especially so in ether, the best pharmaceutic preparation of coca will be the etherial alcoholic tincture. With the object of making observations worthy of credit, lie made experiments on his own person and on a medical student, who willingly lent himself for experimentation. Wishing specially to discover its influence on tissue waste, at the same time they made
Feasibility of Home Jejunal Feeding Following Discharge after Major Gastrointestinal Surgery—A Randomised Controlled Trial

Purpose: Following major upper gastrointestinal surgeries, patients often struggle to eat after discharge from hospital. Home jejunal feeding is a potential nutrition support method, but few studies have explored such practice. The aim of this study is to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the feasibility of home jejunal feeding. Methods: Thirteen people having had major upper gastrointestinal surgeries were recruited and randomised into one of two isocaloric nutrition support interventions; oral supplement (OS) or jejunal feeding (JF), for one month post-discharge at home. Anthropometric, patient-generated subjective global assessment, food intake and quality of life surveys were collected at baseline, one month and three months post-discharge. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 6 participants after the three month review. Results: No statistically significant baseline differences were found between the two groups. At one month post-discharge, median weight loss was found to be significantly greater in OS group compared to JF group, 7.7% (inter-quartile range (IQR) = 7.3) and 0.5% (IQR = 3.5) respectively (p = 0.035). No significant differences were found in other parameters. Qualitative interviews showed positive feelings towards JF, while OS was deemed as not very helpful. Conclusions: This preliminary research shows the use of home JF is feasible when compared to oral nutrition support. This parallels with the limited existing literature, which indicate that JF is clinically beneficial. Larger studies are required to validate clinical and quality of life outcomes.