Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Lepidoptera fauna associated with Calluna vulgaris: effects of plant architecture on abundance and diversity

Abstract.1. The effects of plant architecture on the Lepidoptera assemblage associated with heather Calluna vulgaris were studied at four locations in northern England and southern Scotland in 1992 and 1993. The study areas were Calluna vulgaris–Vaccinium myrtillus heaths, where management by rotational burning had created a mosaic of stands of different‐aged Calluna. Lepidoptera were sampled in the larval stage.
Effect of ovipositional stimulants and diets on the growth and development of Trichogramma pretiosum in vitro

Ovipositional stimulants and diets were tested in vitro using several rearing methods to determine effects on the growth and development of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley. Highest yields of pupae were obtained when Manduca sexta (L.) hemolymph was added to a chicken egg yolk and milk diet. However, this hemolymph based diet (BD) produced low yields (6–7%) of adults. When a similar diet containing 20% M. sexta egg liquid (BDE) was used, the yields of adults increased 7–13 fold to as high as 75.9%. For T. pretiosum reared on the BDE diet in microtiter plates, the adult yields were 46.9 and 63.6%, respectively, when the ovipositional stimulants were either the KCl‐MgSO4 solution or the BDE diet. Thus, the harmful effects of the salt oviposition solution were significant but perhaps not so great as to prevent the use of this technique for in vitro mass production of T. pretiosum. Although the ovipositional salt solution reduced adult yields, the effect was much smaller than the nutritional or physiological effect of deleting M. sexta egg liquid from the diet.
Zur Bestimmung der intestinalen γ‐Amylase

α- und γ-Amylase aus dem Intestinaltrakt von Ratte und Schwein werden auf saulenchromatographischem Wege an Sephadex G 200 getrennt. Zur Charakterisierung der einzelnen Fraktionen werden Schnellmethoden (Tupfeltest auf Papier), die Papierchromatographie sowie das Glucoseoxydase- und 3,5-Dinitrosalizylsaure-Verfahren herangezogen. Durch selektive Inaktivierung der α-Amylase gelingt es, γ-Amylase auch bei sehr grosem Uberschus an α-Amylase mit guter Reproduzierbarkeit zu bestimmen.
Chronic effects of dietary exposure to amosite asbestos and tremolite in F344 rats.

Carcinogenesis bioassays of blocky (nonfibrous) tremolite and amosite asbestos alone or in combination with the intestinal carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH) were conducted with male and female Fischer 344 rats. The minerals were administered at a concentration of 1% in pelleted diet for the entire lifetime of the rats starting with the dams of the test animals. One group of amosite rats also received chrysotile asbestos via gavage during lactation. Group sizes varied from 100 to 250 animals. The offspring from mothers exposed to tremolite or amosite asbestos were smaller at weaning than those from untreated mothers and remained smaller throughout their life. The administration of dimethylhydrazine (DMH) did not affect body weight gain, either in amosite-exposed or nonexposed animals. Survival was comparable in the tremolite and control groups. The amosite-exposed rats showed enhanced survival compared to the untreated controls. DMH exposure reduced survival by approximately one year, although the amosite plus DMH groups survived slightly better than the DMH alone groups. No toxicity or increase in neoplasia was observed in the tremolite-exposed rats compared to the controls. Significant increases (p less than 0.05) in the rates of C-cell carcinomas of the thyroid and monocytic (mononuclear cell) leukemia in male rats were observed in amosite-exposed groups. However, the biological significance of the C-cell carcinomas in relation to amosite asbestos exposure is discounted because of a lack of significance when C-cell adenomas and carcinomas were combined and the positive effect was not observed in the amosite plus preweaning gavage group. The biological significance of an increased incidence of mononuclear cell leukemia is questionable, because of a lack of statistical significance in the amosite group when evaluated using life table analysis, lack of significance when compared to the tremolite control group, and the fact that no toxic or neoplastic lesions were observed in the target organs, i.e., gastrointestinal tract and mesothelium. DMH caused a high rate of (62-74%) of intestinal neoplasia in amosite and nonamosite-exposed groups. Neither an enhanced carcinogenic nor protective effect was demonstrated by exposure to amosite asbestos.
Registration of 'HoCP 91-552' sugarcane.

HoCP 91-552' (Reg. No. CV-143, PI 659990) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum offi cinarum L., S. spontaneum L., S. barberi Jeswiet, and S. sinense Roxb. amend. Jeswiet) was released as a feedstock for an emerging bioenergy industry by the USDA-ARS working cooperatively with the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, and the American Sugarcane League, Inc. HoCP 91-552 is a progeny of the cross LCP 81-10 × 'CP 72-356' made at Canal Point, FL in 1986; it was selected at Houma, LA; its permanent name was assigned in 1991. HoCP 91-552 was dropped from the sugarcane selection program in 1997 because its fi ber content was unacceptable for the Louisiana sugarcane industry, but it was reevaluated as a feedstock for the bioenergy industry in three replicated yield trials harvested from 2003 to 2007. After 11 harvests, HoCP 91-552 produced 84, 11.3, and 14.3 Mg ha −1 cane, sugar, and fi ber, respectively, compared with 68, 9.5, and 10.3 Mg ha −1 cane, sugar, and fi ber, respectively for the commercial standard 'LCP 85-384. ' When compared with 'L 79-1002,' HoCP 91-552 produced signifi cantly more sugar, less fi ber, and similar total biomass. HoCP 91-552 is resistant to brown rust (caused by Puccinia melanocephala H. and P. Sydow), leaf scald (caused by Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby) Dowson), and mosaic diseases (caused by Sugarcane mosaic virus and Sorghum mosaic virus) and is moderately resistant to smut disease (caused by Ustilago scitaminea H. and P. Sydow) and the sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis F.). Release of HoCP 91-552 gives growers a new choice as a feedstock for the production of biofuel.
Analytical and numerical comparisons of two methods of estimation of additive × additive interaction of QTL effects

Epistasis (additive × additive interaction) plays an important role in the genetic architecture of complex traits. This study presents analytical and numerical comparisons of two methods of estimation of additive × additive interaction of QTL effects. In the first method, we observed only the plant phenotype, while in the second method we have additional information from the molecular markers observations. In this study, two data sets were analyzed: i) 150 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) doubled-haploid lines derived from the cross Steptoe × Morex and ii) 145 doubled-haploid lines of barley obtained from the cross Harrington × TR306. In total, 153 sets of observations were analyzed. The additive × additive interaction effect calculated on the basis of the marker observations is smaller than the total additive × additive interaction effect obtained from phenotypic observations only.
Produção de forragem e características da estrutura do dossel de cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha sob pastejo

The objective of this work was to evaluate the animal grazing effect on forage yield and on the pasture structural characteristics of cultivars Marandu, Xaraes and Piata of Brachiaria brizantha. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with three treatments and two replicates. The paddocks (2 ha) were divided into two, and submitted to alternated grazing, with 28 days of grazing and 28 days of rest. Evaluations were made with three tester steers per paddock, and additional steers were added and removed from each paddock, to ensure post-grazing residues of about 3 Mg ha-1 dry matter. All pastures were sampled, before and after grazing, in order to estimate forage mass and percentages of the morphological components. The pre-grazing forage mass for 'Xaraes' pasture was greater than for 'Marandu'. 'Piata' had pre-grazing forage mass similar to the others. The main differences in the sward structures between cultivars were stem accumulation and, consequently, the reduction in the leaf blade: stem ratio, in 'Piata' during the rainy season and in 'Xaraes' during the dry season, which suggests different grazing management for these cultivars. Similarly to 'Marandu', Piata and Xaraes cultivars are well adapted to Cerrado soils, and are new alternatives for forage diversification.
A Taxonomic Study of Thermomonospora and Other Monosporic Actinomycetes

SUMMARY: A large collection of Thermomonospora isolates and type or reference cultures, together with representatives of the genera Thermoactinomyces, Saccharomonospora, Micropolyspora and Actinomadura, were included in a numerical taxonomic study. The 113 strains were examined for 101 morphological, physiological and biochemical characters and data were analysed using simple matching (SSM ), Jaccard (SJ ) and pattern difference (DP ) coefficients with clustering by both single and unweighted pair group average algorithms. All of the analyses produced similar classifications which were little affected by test error, estimated at 1.1%. Thermomonospora strains formed two major clusters identified as “Thm. chromogena” and the white Thermomonospora group, respectively, while type strains of “Acm. flexuosa”, Mip. faeni and Thm. mesophila were well separated from one another and all major clusters. The low phenetic similarity between the two Thermomonospora clusters supports suggestions based on chemical data that “Thm. chromogena” may be better classified in a separate genus. Three subclusters were detected within the white Thermomonospora group and equated with the species “Thm. fusca”, Thm. curvata and Thm. alba. The Saccharomonospora cluster was heterogeneous and, although it included strains identified as Sam. viridis, “Mip. caesia” and Thermomonospora sp. (lilac), species could not be distinguished. The type strain of “Thm. galeriensis” shared the distinguishing characteristics of this cluster and should be regarded as a member of the genus Saccharomonospora. Only five strains of Thermoactinomyces were included, but they formed a cluster with an internal structure which supported a previous numerical classification of species in this genus. Wall chemotype and spore heat-resistance properties were consistent with generic identification. As a result of this study, five Thermomonospora spp. are recognized: “Thm. chromogena” comb. nov. nom. rev. (synonyms “Actinobifida chromogena”, “Thm. falcata”); Thm. mesophila; “Thm. fusca” sp. nov. nom. rev.; Thm. alba (synonym Thm. mesouviformis); Thm. curvata. The experimental data allowed the development of an identification scheme for these species and also provided tests to confirm generic identifications of other thermophilic actinomycete isolates.
3-D in vitro model of early skeletal muscle development (vol 54, pg 226, 2003)

An understanding of the mechanical and mechano-molecular responses that occur during the differentiation of mouse c2c12 myoblasts in 3-D culture is critical for understanding growth, which is important for progress towards producing a tissue-engineered muscle construct. We have established the main differences in force generation between skeletal myoblasts, dermal fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells in a 3-D culture model in which cells contract a collagen gel construct. This model was developed to provide a reproducible 3-D muscle organoid in which differences in force generation could be measured, as the skeletal myoblasts fused to form myotubes within a collagen gel. Maintenance of the 3-D culture under sustained uni-axial tension, was found to promote fusion of myoblasts to form aligned multi-nucleate myotubes. Gene expression of both Insulin Like Growth Factor (IGF-1 Ea) and an isoform of IGF-1 Ea, Mechano-growth factor (IGF-1 Eb, also termed MGF), was monitored in this differentiating collagen construct over the time course of fusion and maturation (0-7 days). This identified a transient surge in both IGF-1 Ea and MGF expression on day 3 of the developing construct. This peak of IGF-1 Ea and MGF expression, just prior to differentiation, was consistent with the idea that IGF-1 Ea stimulates differentiation through a Myogenin pathway [Florini et al., 1991: Mol. Endocrinol. 5:718-724]. MGF gene expression was increased 77-fold on day 3, compared to a 36-fold increase with IGF-1 Ea on day 3. This indicates an important role for MGF in either differentiation or, more likely, a response to mechanical or tensional cues. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 54:226-236, 2003. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Genus Specific Complement Fixation Antigen from Neisseria meningitidis∗

Summary A simple method for preparing an N. meningitidis complement fixing antigen is described. Hyperimmune rabbit N. meningitidis antiserum reacted approximately the same with CF antigens made from several N. meningitidis groups or strains. Recruits known to have become infected with N. meningitidis strain Bo during recruit training show equal serological responses to CF antigens made from different N. meningitidis groups or strains. Further, 4 recruits who were admitted to the hospital with clinical meningitis also seroconverted equally to any 1 of 6 different N. meningitidis CF antigens. Increase in CF titer (4-fold or greater) to N. meningitidis correlated significantly with acquisition of meningococcus in the nasopharynx as determined by bacterial isolations.
Zooplankton biomass gradient off south-western Nova Scotia: nearshore ctenophore predation or hydrographic separation?

Etude realisee dans le but de determiner si la repartition spatiale du zooplancton au cours du printemps au SW de la Nouvelle Ecosse est influencee par les differentiels de broutage exerce par les ctenophores ou par les caracteristiques physico-chimiques (temperature, salinite) des masses d'eau
Diphyscium chiapense, a New Species from Southern Mexico

Diphyscium chiapense sp. nov. from Chiapas, Mexico, is described and illustrated. It is unique in the involutum group by its unistratose leaf margin, and it is unusual because of its highly mamillose median lamina cells. The bistratosity, rhizoid insertion, and axillary hairs of the Diphysciaceae are described as features reliably distinguishing these plants from the Pottiaceae. Three collections of mosses from the vicinity of Mapastepec, Chiapas, originally identified as Diphyscium foliosum (Web.) Mohr represent an undescribed species of the genus. These collections contain male and female plants and a few quite immature sporophytes. Traditionally, the more diagnostic features in the genus are gametophytic (including perichaetial) characters, and mature sporophytes tend to be quite stenotypic, not usually useful in species definition. For this reason, I do not hesitate to describe a new species on the basis of largely gametophytic characters. Diphyscium chiapense Norris, sp. nov. FIG. 1-12 Species haec ab Diphyscio involuto Mitt. differt marginibus unistratosis, cellulis medianis valde mamillatis, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis. Small plants with stems to 1.5 mm long, essentially unbranched; rhizoids arising from a circular cluster of initials at the abaxial base of costa, coarsely striate to papillose, sparsely branched; stem leaves oblong-lanceolate to lingulate-spatulate, 1.8-2.2 mm long and 3-6:1 in male plants, 4.2-5.4 mm long and 5-8:1 in female plants, rounded to minutely mucronate at apex; costa strong but with indistinct margins, broadening abruptly at the base and filling 2/-3A of that base, ending at apex or minutely apiculate; median laminal cells rounded quadrate, 9-10 /m wide, strongly mamillose on both surfaces; upper marginal cells smaller and somewhat flattened against the margin, forming a slightly and irregularly crenulate border; upper lamina bistratose except near margin where it becomes unistratose; basal cells thin-walled and rectangular, hyaline, unistratose, with non-vertical end-walls; base of leaf gradually narrowed to the costa, not at all auriculate; axillary hairs polytrichoid and decorticated (see text of this paper). Dioicous. Outer perichaetial leaves strongly differentiated, to 5.5 mm long, with costa broader than in the vegetative leaves, upper laminal cells reduced in extent, and with basal laminal cells proportionately increased in number; inner perichaetial leaves progressively reduced in size with concomitant reduction of lamina cells to extinction in the innermost leaves; costa strongly excurrent in all perichaetial leaves with the apex of the lamina sagittate and sometimes slightly fimbriate; perigonial leaves somewhat shorter than adjacent vegetative leaves but otherwise undifferentiated; archegonia and antheridia numerous within their respective enclosing structures; paraphyses absent. 007-2745/81/375-378$0.55/0 This content downloaded from 157.55. 39.153 on Mon, 19 Sep 2016 04:49:01 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms 376 BRYOLOGIST [Volume 84
An experimentally determined carbon : volume ratio for marine “oligotrichous” ciliates from estuarine and coastal waters

The biomass of marine “oligotri chous” ciliates has often been estimated by measuring the cell volume of preserved samples and converting to units of carbon based on theoretical carbon: volume (C: vol) ratios of 0.07–0.11 pg µm−3. Using laboratory cultures of several strains of Laboea strobila, Strombidium spp. , and Strobilidium spiralis, we experimentally derived a C: vol conversion factor of 0.19 pg µm−3 for cells preserved with 2% vol : vol Lugol’s iodine. Cell volume estimates of Lugol’s-preserved cells averaged 76% of cell volume estimates of Formalin-preserved cells. Hence a C : vol ratio of 0.14 pg µm−3 applies to Formalin-preserved cells. Our study indicates that the biomass of oligotrichous ciliates in marine systems has been significantly underestimated by the use of inappropriate C: vol ratios.
A STUDY OF SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF LAND UTILIZATION PATTERN IN MOPKA VILLAGE USING RS & GIS

Remote Sensing and GIS is a very good modality for retrospection and the strategy for better exploitation of sustainable land use system. The present study was conducted in the Bilaspur district for analyzing the spatial distribution of Land Use Change. During last decades the increasing population of Bilaspur city, affect the land use pattern of Mopka Village. The anthropogenic activities were affecting the agricultural land along with barren land. For the development of civic amenities the land of the above village was used. The main objective of the present study is to analyses the land use/land cover distribution in Mopka village, Bilaspur district in between last 12 years and to identify the main forces behind the changes. The objectives of present studies are, to create a land use land cover maps of Mopka village using satellite imagery. To analysis the temporal changes of village area in between the year 2000 and 2012, the primary, secondary and satellite data were used. The results of the present study show that the decadeial changes due to population growth and increasing demand of infrastructure were destroying the natural resources, natural habitat and soil structure of area. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 5 (1): 1-9, June, 2015
Models for prediction of mortality in even‐aged forest

Models for predicting mortality in even‐aged stands were developed. The models rely on data from the Norwegian National Forest Inventory, and were designed for use in large‐scale forestry scenario models. A two‐step modelling strategy was applied: (1) logistic regression models predicting the probability of complete survival occurring,” and (2) multiplicative regression models for stem number reduction and diameter calibration. A joint model for all species predicting the probability of survival occurring on a plot was developed. Separate models for forests dominated by spruce, pine and broadleaved trees were developed for stem number reduction, while no appropriate models for diameter calibration were found. The phenomenon mortality is a stochastic, rare and irregular event, and this was reflected as low R 2 in the models. However, the model performance appeared logical and the results of validations based on independent data were reasonably good, i.e. the presented models may be applied to large‐scale forestry scenario analyses. With new rotations of permanent sample plot measurements, the models should be evaluated and, if necessary, revised.
Insights into the population structure of blue whales in the Eastern North Pacific from recent sightings and photographic identification

Blue whales were widely distributed in the North Pacific prior to the primary period of modern commercial whaling in the early 1900s. Despite concentrations of blue whale catches off British Columbia and in the Gulf of Alaska, there had been few documented sightings in these areas since whaling for blue whales ended in 1965. In contrast, large concentrations of blue whales have been documented off California and Baja California and in the eastern tropical Pacific since the 1970s, but it was not known if these animals were part of the same population that previously ranged into Alaskan waters. We document 15 blue whale sightings off British Columbia and in the Gulf of Alaska made since 1997, and use identification photographs to show that whales in these areas are currently part of the California feeding population. We speculate that this may represent a return to a migration pattern that has existed for earlier periods for eastern North Pacific blue whale population. One possible explanation for a shift in blue whale use is changes in prey driven by changes in oceanographic conditions, including the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), which coincides with some of the observed shifts in blue whale occurrence.
Avaliação de métodos de estimação intervalar para funções lineares binomiais via bootstrap infinito

This work aimed to evaluate confidence intervals of different linear functions of binomial proportions base on Wald and Wald's adjusted method using the infinity bootstrap technique. Several sample sizes (ni), binomial parameters (p) and number of coefficients of the linear functions were considered. One concluded through the probabilities of binomial population confidence covered intervals that the bootstrap generalization of adjusted Wald's method was efficient for linear functions whose coefficients indicated a comparison of versus the others proportion (p=0.2) considering different sample sizes.
Inheritance of improved leaf rust resistance in somaclones of wheat

Leaf rust of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) caused by Puccinia recondita Roberge ex Desmaz. f. sp. tritici (Prt) has been controlled through incorporation of genetic resistance into host genotypes. Somaclonal variation may provide additional sources of resistance genes. This study was conducted to determine the gene source and inheritance of improved resistance to leaf rust found in somaclones of Coker 916. Two wheat somaclones, regenerated from immature embryo-derived calli of Coker 916, had increased field resistance to leaf rust and were screened with 36 Prt isolates to identify Lr genes (.)