Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Childhood maltreatment and suicide attempts in prisoners: a systematic meta-analytic review

Abstract In the past decade, the links between core types of childhood maltreatment and suicidal acts have become an increasingly important area of investigation. However, no meta-analytic review has examined this relationship in prisoners. We undertook the first systematic meta-analytic review examining the link between childhood maltreatment and suicide attempts in prisoners to redress this important gap. We searched Medline, PsychINFO, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL from inception until August 2019. Meta-analyses using random effect models were applied, and heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 statistic. Publication bias and risk of bias across studies were assessed. We identified 24 studies comprising 16 586 prisoners. The rates of different types of childhood maltreatment ranged between 29% and 68% [95% confidence interval (CI) 18–81%]. The rate of suicide attempts in prisoners was 23% (95% CI 18–27%). Main results demonstrated that sexual abuse [odds ratio (OR) 2.68, 95% CI 1.86–3.86], physical abuse (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.60–2.91), emotional abuse (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.92–3.79), emotional neglect (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.69–3.10), physical neglect (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.27–1.94) and combined abuse (OR 3.09, 95% CI 2.14–4.45) were strongly associated with suicide attempts in prisoners. There was an indication of publication bias. Duval and Tweedie's trim-and-fill method was applied, which increased the odds for suicide attempts. Given the high rates of prison suicide deaths and suicide attempts, our findings suggest an urgent need for targeted suicide prevention priorities for prisoners, with a particular focus on ameliorating the effects of childhood traumatic experiences on suicidal prisoners.
Early-stage Mycosis Fungoides: Epidemiology and Prognosis

Most patients with mycosis fungoides are diagnosed with early-stage disease. However, prevalence of early-stage disease is unknown, and evidence of its burden is scarce. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of early-stage mycosis fungoides, how long patients live with early-stage disease and to characterise these patients. Data were obtained from 4 key publications and from US cancer registries (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program; SEER). The derived incidence of early-stage mycosis fungoides was 0.26/100,000 (UK), 0.29/100,000 (US) and 0.38/100,000 (US-SEER) and the prevalence was 4.8/100,000 (UK), 5.2/100,000 (US) and 6.6/100,000 (US-SEER). Early-stage disease may last for 18 years. From SEER registries, 3,132 were diagnosed at early stage (mostly stage IA). Median age at diagnosis was 58 years. Compared with stage IA, the relative risk of death was 1.3 for stage IB and 3.5 for stage IIA. We confirm the rarity of early-stage mycosis fungoides, a differential prognosis and the potential for elevated burden of disease.
Phenotyping 1488 patients with painful temporomandibular disorders and its relevance to subjective sleep quality: A key step for stratified medicine

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate biopsychosocial characteristics and sleep quality among three TMD phenotypes and to identify the influential factors on sleep quality among those patients. Methods: Retrospective data from chart review and self-reported questionnaires included demographics, the Brief Pain Inventory, the Pain CatastropPain Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessmenthizing Scale, the Symptom Check List-90 Revised, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results: A total of 1488 patients with painful TMD (female, 63.8%) were included and stratified into three groups: joint pain (n = 570), muscle pain (n = 542), and joint–muscle combined pain (n = 376). There were significant differences among demographic characteristics, pain experience, pain catastrophizing, and psychological distress of the three groups. Poor sleep quality presented in 78.4% of all patients. Sleep quality was significantly associated with TMD phenotypes, sex, and a helplessness component of pain catastrophizing. Discussion: This patient-centered and stratified approach will allow clinicians to come one step closer to personalized medicine.
Investigation into the sub‐lethal effects of the triazole fungicide triticonazole in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos/larvae

Global use of azole fungicides is expected to increase over the next several years. Triticonazole is a triazole fungicide that is used for turf protection, residential, and other commercial applications. As such, it can enter local rural and urban water systems via run‐off and rain events. Early life stages of aquatic organisms can be susceptible to pesticides that enter the water, but in the case of triticonazole, data on the potential for subacute toxicity are lacking. Here, we determined the effects of triticonazole on development, oxygen consumption rates, and locomotor activity in zebrafish to address this knowledge gap. Wild‐type zebrafish (ABTu strain) embryos and larvae were exposed to triticonazole (1‐100 μM) in early development for different lengths of time depending on the assay conducted. Triticonazole did not affect survival nor induce significant deformity (pericardial edema, skeletal defects) in zebrafish at doses up to 100 μM. Oxygen consumption rate was measured in embryos after 24 and 48 hour exposure to triticonazole beginning at ∼6 hpf using the XFe flux analyzer. Triticonazole did not affect basal respiration, oligomycin‐induced ATP linked respiration, FCCP‐induced maximum respiration, proton leak, spare capacity, nor non‐mitochondrial respiration at doses up to 100 μM for 24 hours, even for exposure up to 250 μM for 48 hours. To determine whether the fungicide affected larval swimming activity, the visual motor response test was conducted following triticonazole exposure for 6 days. Larval zebrafish exposed to triticonazole showed hypoactivity in the dark following a 100 μM treatment, suggesting that the fungicide can affect the locomotor activity of zebrafish, albeit at relatively high levels. Given the fact that sublethal biological responses were absent at lower environmentally relevant concentrations, we conclude that triticonazole, relative to other triazole fungicides and types of pesticides, exhibits a relatively low risk of toxicity to the early life stages of fish.
Structural comparisons of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinases reveal the evolutionary trajectories of these phosphodiester energy conversion enzymes

Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) consists of two phosphate molecules and can act as an energy and phosphate donor in cellular reactions, similar to ATP. Several kinases use PPi as a substrate, and these kinases have recently been suggested to have evolved from ATP-dependent functional homologs, which have significant amino acid sequence similarity to PPi-utilizing enzymes. In contrast, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) can be divided into three types according to the phosphate donor (ATP, GTP, or PPi), and the amino acid sequence similarity of these PEPCKs is too low to confirm that they share a common ancestor. Here we solved the crystal structure of a PPi-PEPCK homolog from the bacterium Actinomyces israelii at 2.6 Å resolution and compared it with previously reported structures from ATP- and GTP-specific PEPCKs to assess the degrees of similarities and divergences among these PEPCKs. These comparisons revealed that they share a tertiary structure with significant value and that amino acid residues directly contributing to substrate recognition, except for those that recognize purine moieties, are conserved. Furthermore, the order of secondary structural elements between PPi-, ATP-, and GTP-specific PEPCKs was strictly conserved. The structure-based comparisons of the three PEPCK types provide key insights into the structural basis of PPi specificity and suggest that all of these PEPCKs are derived from a common ancestor.
Torture and torture practices in Tanzania: Knowledge, attitudes and practice among medical professionals

Introduction: Medical professionals have a key role in addressing torture and need an awareness and knowledge of torture in relation to rehabilitation approaches, prevention and international standards. This study was undertaken with the aim of assessing the current knowledge, attitudes and practices of medical professionals in Tanzania, creating a baseline for possible future interventions. Methods: Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. A cross-sectional survey was carried out using an intervieweradministrated structured questionnaire with 31 questions. Five focus group discussions were held. 386 medical professionals participated in the study representing primary, secondary and tertiary levels of health care in five regions of mainland Tanzania: Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Kigoma, Mara and Mbeya.Results: Around 95% of all professionals acknowledged the existence of torture in Tanzania, but only 7% could correctly identify six different acts as being actual acts of torture according to the definition of the UN Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. Less than 15% were aware of relevant international standards like the Istanbul Protocol and the Mandela Rules. Up to 57% perceived that torture could be acceptable under certain circumstances. About 68% of all professionals reported to have encountered torture victims. The majority (82.9%) saw themselves as competent in the management of torture victims, but only 22% had received training specifically focusing on torture and its consequences. Most were interested in learning more on the subject. Conclusion: While medical professionals may be aware of theexistence of torture in the country and report encountering torture victims in their daily work, both the professionals’ skills and attitudes with regards to torture require development to intensify the workagainst torture in Tanzania. Intervention strategies should target training in medical schools and in-service training for medical professionals at all levels within the healthcare system.
Nonlinear Coupled Vibration of Electrically Actuated Arch with Flexible Supports

The nonlinear coupled vibration of an electrically actuated arch microbeam has attracted wide attention. In this paper, we studied the nonlinear dynamics of an electrically actuated arch microbeam with flexible supports. The two-to-one internal resonance between the first and second modes is considered. The multiple scales method is used to solve the governing equation. Four first-order ordinary differential equation describing the modulation of the amplitudes and phase angles were obtained. The equilibrium solution and its stability are determined. In the case of the primary resonance of the first mode, stable periodic motions and modulated motions are determined. The double-jumping phenomenon may occur. In the case of the primary resonance of the second mode, single-mode and two-mode solutions are possible. Moreover, double-jumping, hysteresis, and saturation phenomena were found. In addition, the approximate analytical results are supported by the numerical results.
Association of Internet Use with Attitudes Toward Food Safety in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

A growing body of research has shown that people’s attitudes toward food safety is affected by their availability and accessibility to food risk information. In the digital era, the Internet has become the most important channel for information acquisition. However, empirical evidence related to the impact of Internet use on people’s attitudes towards food safety is inadequate. In this study, by employing the Chinese Social Survey for 2013 and 2015, we have investigated the current situation of food safety perceptions and evaluations among Chinese residents and the association between Internet use and individuals’ food safety evaluations. Empirical results indicate that there is a significant negative correlation between Internet use and people’s food safety evaluation in China. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis shows that Internet use has a stronger negative correlation with food safety evaluation for those lacking rational judgment regarding Internet information. Specifically, the negative correlation between Internet use and food safety evaluations is more obvious among rural residents, young people, and less educated residents. Finally, propensity score matching (PSM) is applied to conduct a robustness check. This paper provides new evidence for studies on the relationship between Internet use and an individuals’ food safety cognition, as well as additional policy enlightenment for food safety risk management in the digital age.
Predictive Score for In-Hospital Mortality of Myasthenic Crisis: A Retrospective Chinese Cohort Study

Introduction: Myasthenic crisis (MC) is a life-threatening condition usually occurred in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Objective: On the basis of a retrospective case series review, we try to develop a scoring system to evaluate the probability for in-hospital death in MC patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 78 MC patients who were hospitalized from January 2014 to December 2018. Clinical and laboratory data including 17 variables were analyzed univariately. The main clinical outcome was defined as the in-hospital death. Then eligible variables were evaluated by a stepwise multivariate regression and a scoring system was then generated. Calibration and discrimination methods were used to evaluate and validate the model performance. Results: The overall in-hospital mortality was 11.5% (9/78) in the MC cohort. Five clinical variables including Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) classification at onset, septic shock, thymoma classification, cardiac arrest, and the lowest serum albumin were found to be associated with in-hospital mortality. Further 3 variables entered the final regression, and internal validation showed that the area under the curve was 0.919 (95% CI 0.788–1.000). A scoring system with a full credit of 7 points was generated to predict the in-hospital mortality (MGFA at onset, 2 points; septic shock, 4 points; and cardiac arrest, 3 points). Conclusions: A 7-point scoring model was established on the basis of a retrospective review of MC patients to predict the in-hospital mortality.
Meditation-induced psychosis: a narrative review and individual patient data analysis

Background: Meditation is associated with health benefits; however, there are reports that it may trigger or exacerbate psychotic states. In this review, we aim to collate case reports of psychotic disorders occurring in association with meditative practice and to discuss the relationship between psychosis and meditation. Methodology: We performed case-based analysis of all the existing studies published in English language using PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL and Google Scholar with the search terms; ‘Psychosis’ OR ‘Psychotic Symptoms’ OR ‘Schizophrenia’ AND ‘Meditation. ’ Results: A total of 19 studies and 28 cases were included in the review. The patients described had an age range of 18–57 years; there was equal distribution of males and females. The diagnoses included acute psychosis in 14 cases, schizophrenia in 7 cases, mania with psychotic symptoms in 3 cases, and schizoaffective disorder in 1 case. The types of meditation described were Transcendent, Mindfulness, Buddhist Meditation like Qigong, Zen, and Theraveda, and others like Bikram yoga, Pranic Healing, and Hindustan Type meditation. Of the 28 cases reported, 14 patients had certain precipitating factors like insomnia, lack of food intake, history of mental illness, stress, and psychoactive substance use. Conclusion: There are case reports of psychotic disorder arising in association with meditative practice; however, it is difficult to attribute a causal relationship between the two. At the same time, there is a body of research describing the beneficial effect of meditative practice in clinical settings for patients with psychotic disorders. Appropriately designed studies are needed to further investigate the relationship between meditative practice and psychosis.
Epstein-Barr virus circRNAome as host miRNA sponge regulates virus infection, cell cycle, and oncogenesis

ABSTRACT Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic virus that infects more than 90% of the world’s population. The proteins and miRNAs encoded by EBV are involved in multiple human malignancies. Recently R-resistance RNA-seq demonstrated that EBV-encoded circular RNAs. The current research aims to explore their functions in EBV-associated malignancies. Total 56 miRNAs were sponged by circRNAome. 24 and 9 in EBV host B and epithelial cells out of 56 miRNAs were detectable by miRNA-seq. 18 and 5 miRNAs were down-regulated in both types of host cells, respectively, after EBV infection. The network between five miRNAs and their targets included 1414 genes, 1419 nodes, and 2423 edges. These targets were enriched in multiple categories, and most of them were up-regulated in EBV-infected cells. These data represented the first report that EBV circRNAs could sponge the miRNAs to promote the up-regulated expression of their targets, involving in malignancies associated with EBV. Graphical abstract
Non-Rigid Multi-Modal 3D Medical Image Registration Based on Foveated Modality Independent Neighborhood Descriptor

The non-rigid multi-modal three-dimensional (3D) medical image registration is highly challenging due to the difficulty in the construction of similarity measure and the solution of non-rigid transformation parameters. A novel structural representation based registration method is proposed to address these problems. Firstly, an improved modality independent neighborhood descriptor (MIND) that is based on the foveated nonlocal self-similarity is designed for the effective structural representations of 3D medical images to transform multi-modal image registration into mono-modal one. The sum of absolute differences between structural representations is computed as the similarity measure. Subsequently, the foveated MIND based spatial constraint is introduced into the Markov random field (MRF) optimization to reduce the number of transformation parameters and restrict the calculation of the energy function in the image region involving non-rigid deformation. Finally, the accurate and efficient 3D medical image registration is realized by minimizing the similarity measure based MRF energy function. Extensive experiments on 3D positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), T1, T2, and (proton density) PD weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images with synthetic deformation demonstrate that the proposed method has higher computational efficiency and registration accuracy in terms of target registration error (TRE) than the registration methods that are based on the hybrid L-BFGS-B and cat swarm optimization (HLCSO), the sum of squared differences on entropy images, the MIND, and the self-similarity context (SSC) descriptor, except that it provides slightly bigger TRE than the HLCSO for CT-PET image registration. Experiments on real MR and ultrasound images with unknown deformation have also be done to demonstrate the practicality and superiority of the proposed method.
Rapid assessment of management options for promoting stock rebuilding in data‐poor species under climate change

The development of species recovery plans requires considering likely outcomes of different management interventions, but the complicating effects of climate change are rarely evaluated. We examined how qualitative network models (QNMs) can be deployed to support decision making when data, time, and funding limitations restrict use of more demanding quantitative methods. We used QNMs to evaluate management interventions intended to promote the rebuilding of a collapsed stock of blue king crab (Paralithodes platypus) (BKC) around the Pribilof Islands (eastern Bering Sea) to determine how their potential efficacy may change under climate change. Based on stakeholder input and a literature review, we constructed a QNM that described the life cycle of BKC, key ecological interactions, potential climate‐change impacts, relative interaction strengths, and uncertainty in terms of interaction strengths and link presence. We performed sensitivity analyses to identify key sources of prediction uncertainty. Under a scenario of no climate change, predicted increases in BKC were reliable only when stock enhancement was implemented in a BKC hatchery‐program scenario. However, when climate change was accounted for, the intervention could not counteract its adverse impacts, which had an overall negative effect on BKC. The remaining management scenarios related to changes in fishing effort on BKC predators. For those scenarios, BKC outcomes were unreliable, but climate change further decreased the probability of observing recovery. Including information on relative interaction strengths increased the likelihood of predicting positive outcomes for BKC approximately 5–50% under the management scenarios. The largest gains in prediction precision will be made by reducing uncertainty associated with ecological interactions between adult BKC and red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus). Qualitative network models are useful options when data are limited, but they remain underutilized in conservation.
Co‐dynamics of Symbiodiniaceae and bacterial populations during the first year of symbiosis with Acropora tenuis juveniles

Interactions between corals and their associated microbial communities (Symbiodiniaceae and prokaryotes) are key to understanding corals' potential for and rate of acclimatory and adaptive responses. However, the establishment of microalgal and bacterial communities is poorly understood during coral ontogeny in the wild. We examined the establishment and co‐occurrence between multiple microbial communities using 16S rRNA (bacterial) and ITS2 rDNA (Symbiodiniaceae) gene amplicon sequencing in juveniles of the common coral, Acropora tenuis, across the first year of development. Symbiodiniaceae communities in juveniles were dominated by Durusdinium trenchii and glynnii (D1 and D1a), with lower abundances of Cladocopium (C1, C1d, C50, and Cspc). Bacterial communities were more diverse and dominated by taxa within Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Planctomycetes. Both communities were characterized by significant changes in relative abundance and diversity of taxa throughout the year. D1, D1a, and C1 were significantly correlated with multiple bacterial taxa, including Alpha‐, Deltra‐, and Gammaproteobacteria, Planctomycetacia, Oxyphotobacteria, Phycisphaerae, and Rhizobiales. Specifically, D1a tended to associate with Oxyphotobacteria and D1 with Alphaproteobacteria, although these associations may represent correlational and not causal relationships. Bioenergetic modeling combined with physiological measurements of coral juveniles (surface area and Symbiodiniaceae cell densities) identified key periods of carbon limitation and nitrogen assimilation, potentially coinciding with shifts in microbial community composition. These results demonstrate that Symbiodiniaceae and bacterial communities are dynamic throughout the first year of ontology and may vary in tandem, with important fitness effects on host juveniles.