Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysing denial of service attack traffic signature in IPv6 local network using correlation inspection

One of the most effective Cyber-attacks against legitimate targets is Denial of Service (Dos). Despite the fact that security improvements in IPv6 are notable, meanwhile “black hat” experts launch their continuous threats against business network and banking systems to damage the network service development. In order to mitigate such security threat, we need to understand the infrastructure and the underlining mechanism. In this paper, we examine the traffic signatures of different denial of service (Dos) attacks that affect IPv6 protocol by using packet analyzer tools in collaboration with a popular IPv6 security assessment tool and traffic correlational values to establish the similarities and difference between various Dos attack traffic signatures (i.e. uniqueness). The level of uniqueness of the attack traffic signatures is used to determine whether a correlational-based intrusion detection technique is suitable for mitigating Dos attacks in IPv6. A comprehensive table of all simulated Dos attacks is illustrated to present the observations and inferences drawn from the assessments achieved through two different operating system platforms (Windows and Linux). This new analysis approach is added to many pre-existing works carried out to investigate the security of IPv6 protocol.
The impact of architectural decisions on quality attributes of enterprise information systems: a survey of the design space

Design of enterprise information systems is a problem-solving activity. A system architect, designer and programmer make numerous decisions about the structure and behaviour of the system on various levels. These decisions define the quality of the system under design (SuD) in all its aspects. An example of an application-level decision is whether to structure the domain logic according to a domain model, a table module or a transaction script. We want to investigate the effects of such decisions on quality attributes of software. This will allow us to make better software and to predict the quality of software before it is built. In this research, we try to empirically validate or reject hypotheses like: ? In the majority of systems above 500 function points, systems with a domain model have better changeability than systems with a table module. If the validity of such hypotheses depend on the context of the system, we want to know in which cases the hypotheses hold and in which they do not. To be able to do such empirical research, we first need to develop a theoretical framework that defines the research context. This framework defines concepts like design problems, options and quality indicators. The design problems and options define choices a systems designer makes when designing a system. The quality indicators define if an option is better than another option: the notion of ? better? is operationalized by means of quality indicators. The three together form the design space. Other design space models are discussed in section 4. The goal of this paper is to present a design space as a framework for empirical research.
PUF-8 and TCER-1 are essential for normal levels of multiple mRNAs in the C. elegans germline

PUF family proteins are well-conserved regulators of cell proliferation in different developmental processes. They regulate target mRNAs by promoting degradation or by influencing translation through interaction with the translation initiation machinery. Here we show that Caenorhabditis elegans PUF-8 functions redundantly with the nuclear protein TCER-1 in the post-transcriptional maintenance of at least six germline mRNAs. The levels of spliced mRNAs in the puf-8(-) tcer-1(-) double mutant are only 10-30% of the wild type, whereas the unspliced forms increase by ∼2- to 3-fold compared with the wild type. These two proteins colocalise at the inner nuclear periphery, and their absence leads to reduced germ cell proliferation and to sterility. A yeast two-hybrid screen of 31 components of the nuclear pore complex and mRNA processing machineries identified seven proteins involved in mRNA export as potential partners of PUF-8. One of these, the nuclear cap-binding protein NCBP-2, colocalises with PUF-8 in the nucleus. A 50 amino acid N-terminal domain of PUF-8 is essential for interaction with NCBP-2 and for PUF-8 to function redundantly with TCER-1. These results reveal two important unexpected aspects of PUF proteins: that, in addition to the C-terminal PUF domain, the N-terminal domain is crucial for PUF function, and that PUF proteins have a novel role in mRNA maintenance. We propose that PUF proteins, in addition to their known cytoplasmic roles, participate in nuclear processing and/or export of mRNAs.
SpecLDA: Modeling Product Reviews and Specifications to Generate Augmented Specifications

Product specifications are often available for a product on E-commerce websites. However, novice customers often do not have enough knowledge to understand all features of a product, especially advanced features. In order to provide useful knowledge to the customers, we propose to automatically generate augmented product specifications, which contains relevant opinions for product feature values, feature importance, and product-specific words. Specifically, we propose a novel Specification Latent Dirichlet Allocation (SpecLDA) that can enable us to effectively model product reviews and specifications at the same time. It mines review texts relevant to a feature value in order to inform customers what other customers have said about the feature value in reviews of the same product and also different products. SpecLDA can also infer importance of each feature and infer which words are special for each product so that customers quickly understand products. Experiment results show that SpecLDA can effectively model product reviews with specifications. The model can be used for any text collections with specification (key-value) type prior
A Correlative Study of Splenic Parasite Score and Peripheral Blood Parasite Load Estimation by Quantitative PCR in Visceral Leishmaniasis

ABSTRACT Parasitological diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) by splenic smear is highly sensitive, but it is associated with the risk of severe hemorrhage. In this study, the diagnosis of VL using quantitative PCR (qPCR) in peripheral blood was evaluated in 100 patients with VL. Blood parasitemia ranged from 5 to 93,688 leishmania parasite genomes/ml of blood and positively correlated with splenic score (P < 0.0001; r 2 = 0.58). Therefore, quantification of parasite genomes by qPCR can replace invasive procedures for diagnostic and prognostic evaluations.
Effects of Small-Group Reading Instruction and Curriculum Differences for Students Most at Risk in Kindergarten

This article describes the implementation of small-group reading instruction as secondary- and tertiary-level components of a three-tier model of prevention and intervention. The study consisted of 83 students who were targeted in the winter of kindergarten as being at high risk for reading failure. Intervention consisted of evidence-based curriculum delivered in groups of one to six students during 30- to 40-min sessions a minimum of three times per week over a 2-year period. Outcome data were collected for early literacy skills, using the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills and Woodcock Reading Mastery Test, with comparisons across the different curricula. Results indicated that students in the more directed, explicit intervention groups generally out-performed students in the comparison group. Implications for future research and practice implementing schoolwide three-tier prevention models are discussed.
Predictors of a Successful Driver Evaluation in Stroke Patients After Discharge Based on an Acute Rehabilitation Hospital Evaluation

Smith-Arena L, Edelstein L, Rabadi MH: Predictors of a successful driver evaluation in stroke patients after discharge based on an acute rehabilitation hospital evaluation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2006;85:44–52. Objective:One of the most common concerns of a stroke patient is the ability to drive. We aimed to determine which neurologic impairments on an acute rehabilitation admission evaluation predict the likelihood of a successful driver evaluation after discharge. Design:Prospective study in an acute stroke rehabilitation unit. Results:A total of 45 stroke patients undertook a driver evaluation at our institution. The mean age ± standard deviation was 71.0 ± 9.8 yrs, Mini-Mental State Examination score was 22.7 ± 8.1, upper limb and lower limb Motricity Index scores were 63.7 ± 34.8 and 71.8 ± 24.3, Limb Placement Task was 4.6 ± 3.6 inches, and admission total FIM™ score was 68.5 ± 18. The admission variables differed between those who failed (n = 10) vs. those who passed the in-clinic driver evaluation (n = 29, 75%): Mini-Mental State Examination (17.5 ± 9.7 vs. 24.6 ± 6.7, P = 0.004), and upper limb (82 ± 23.7 vs. 57.4 ± 36.1, P = 0.05) and lower limb (87.6 ± 11.8 vs. 66.4 ± 25.2, P = 0.01) Motricity Index scores. Conclusions:Patients who undertook and passed the in-clinic driver evaluation had, at admission, higher Mini-Mental State Examination and Motricity Index scores with normal visual field defects.
A bond by any other name.

A hydrogen bond is an interaction wherein a hydrogen atom is attracted to two atoms, rather than just one, and acts like a bridge between them. The strength of this attraction increases with the increasing electronegativity of either of the atoms, and in the classical view, all hydrogen bonds are highly electrostatic and sometimes even partly covalent. Gradually, the concept of a hydrogen bond has become more relaxed to include weaker and more dispersive interactions, provided some electrostatic character remains. A great variety of very strong, strong, moderately strong, weak, and very weak hydrogen bonds are observed in practice. Weak hydrogen bonds are now invoked in several matters in structural chemistry and biology. While strong hydrogen bonds are easily covered by all existing definitions of the phenomenon, the weaker ones may pose a challenge with regard to nomenclature and definitions. Recently, a recommendation has been made to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) suggesting an updated definition of the term hydrogen bond. This definition will be discussed in greater detail.
Switch-level timing models in the MOS simulator BRASIL

New timing models have been developed and implemented in the switch-level timing simulator BRASIL which are able to give fairly accurate signal waveforms. This enables the detection of faulty aspect ratios, dynamic hazards and races and timing faults caused by clock skew in NMOS and CMOS circuits. In contrast to most existing switch-level timing simulators the algorithm is not restricted to tree structures of the active subnetworks. <<ETX>>
Generation of oxidative species from UV ( 254 nm ) light induced photolysis of food ingredients

The effect of UV light on generating oxidative radicals though photolysis of nutritional compounds Aachen Elsinghorst Ultraviolet light (UV) processing of juices has emerged as an attractive alternative to heat pasteurization due to its effectiveness in inactivating bacteria and enhanced retention of flavor and nutritional attributes. It also has effects on nutritional compounds within solution. Fructose has shown a significant reactivity during ultraviolet light (UV, 254 nm) processing of fruit juices that can adversely affect product quality. Present study demonstrates that this reactivity of fructose is due to the oxidative nature of products formed from UV induced photolysis of fructose. This was accomplished using fluorescein, a fluorescent dye that loses fluorescence intensity upon reaction with oxidative species. Fructose caused a concentration dependent decay of fluorescence from fluorescein only in presence of UV, indicating oxidative nature of photolysis products of fructose. The transient oxidative species including free radicals and not one of the final photolysis products, furan, were responsible for fluorescence decay. Addition of an antioxidant and removal of oxygen from solution lowered the rate of fluorescence decay, suggesting strategies that can be employed to lower the deleterious effects of fructose on product. Furthermore, it these radicals appear to transverse layers of a model system of a solid food surface, approximated by 1% agarose gels. In addition, riboflavin or vitamin
Optimal downlink power assignment for smart antenna systems

Smart antenna systems have the potential to substantially increase the range of base stations and boost the SINR of signals. In this paper, we study several criteria in downlink weighting vector design which is key to exploit the full potential of smart antenna systems, and give the optimal power assignment when the orientations of the weighting vectors are known. Simulation results have shown significant improvement offered by the proposed optimal power assignment method. In particular, we can equalize each user's downlink performance by significantly reducing the output power. Since the power amplifiers at the base station are the most expensive subsystems, this approach can lead to significant cost reduction for a base station.
Authentication of User Based On Mouse-Behavior Data Using Classification

To authenticate a user, classification based on mouse operating behavior is proposed. The data includes co-ordinate axes, time Stamp value and mouse operations. The holistic and procedural features are extracted from the mouse behavior data. The feature distance vector is calculated using Manhattan and Dynamic Time Warping method based on feature vector for representing the original mouse feature space. Kernel PCA method is used to reduce the dimensionality of the feature distance vector. Then the one-class Support Vector Machine classifier is applied on the distance-based eigenspace feature to analyze whether the input sample is legitimate user or an imposter. The performance of the proposed method is measured by False Acceptance Rate and False Rejection Rate. The test result proves that, the proposed method KPCA with one-class Support Vector Machine provides low error rates with good accuracy than the existing method PCA with classifier.
National athletic trainers' association position statement: fluid replacement for athletes.

OBJECTIVE To present recommendations to optimize the fluid-replacement practices of athletes. BACKGROUND Dehydration can compromise athletic performance and increase the risk of exertional heat injury. Athletes do not voluntarily drink sufficient water to prevent dehydration during physical activity. Drinking behavior can be modified by education, increasing accessibility, and optimizing palatability. However, excessive overdrinking should be avoided because it can also compromise physical performance and health. We provide practical recommendations regarding fluid replacement for athletes. RECOMMENDATIONS Educate athletes regarding the risks of dehydration and overhydration on health and physical performance. Work with individual athletes to develop fluid-replacement practices that optimize hydration status before, during, and after competition.
Compound Heterozygous Mutations in the SLC26A3 Gene in 2 Spanish Siblings With Congenital Chloride Diarrhea

106 C ongenital chloride-losing diarrhea (CLD) is a rare genetic disorder causing watery stool and dehydration (1,2). CLD can be detected by ultrasonography in utero. After birth, the patients show voluminous watery acidic stools with high chloride content causing hypochloremia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and dehydration (3). Other clinical findings are hyperbilirubinemia, failure to thrive, and abdominal distension. The disease is caused by a defect of ileal and colonic apical Cl /HCO3 exchange, normally providing absorption of Cl and secretion of HCO3 . Patients with CLD also show sodium loss because the exchange of Cl /HCO3 is coupled with that of Naþ/Hþ. The loss of electrolytes is osmotically followed by water (4). CLD diagnosis can be verified by analyzing fecal electrolytes, which always show Cl concentrations>90 mmol/L (3). CLD is caused by mutations in the SLC26A3 gene (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man: 126650 and 214700; GenBank: AC002467). This gene, mapped at 7q31, was initially identified as a downregulated gene in the human colon adenocarcinoma and was called DRA (5). It has been demonstrated that this gene encodes a protein acting as Cl /HCO3 exchanger with a 2:1 stoichiometry. SLC26A3 has a fundamental role in Cl absorption and HCO3 secretion in the colon. More than 30 mutations have been identified in patients with CLD from various countries (6,7). Here we describe 2 novel mutations in 2 siblings with CLD from Andalusia (southern Spain). The absence of other relatives with CLD and parental nonconsanguinity led us to investigate the mutations causing CLD in this family by direct sequencing of the SLC26A3 gene in the child and parents.
Aalborg Universitet Circuit-Elimination based Link-State Routing in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

Circuit-elimination based connected dominating set formation is an efficient technique for reducing routing overhead in mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, we propose a new message dissemination algorithm which utilizes such techniques to reduce the number of nodes that generate or forward link state advertisements in link state routing protocols. Simulation results with both static and dynamic network topologies demonstrate the potential of the proposed algorithm to reduce routing overhead, compared with a benchmark link state routing protocol, OLSR.
Proposed rain fade mitigation technique for Ka-band space-Earth links in tropical climate

Satellite communication systems are swayed towards superior capacity. Millimeter wave offers a huge bandwidth allocation, involves small-sized antenna requirement and experiences less congested spectrum environment. However, rain posses a crucial intimidation to such satellite communication links especially in tropical region where the hydrometeors can severely affect the signal. Rain is the factor that typically bounds the implementation of higher frequencies for satellite communications in this region. Time diversity is seemed to be a plausible mitigation technique to countermeasure such impairments. It is envisioned that the technique will not be requiring extensive auxiliary's equipment. This paper delineates the likely improvement of a future Ka-band frequency space-Earth link using proposed time diversity (TD) technique in tropical regions. The analyses relating to the performance prediction of a satellite communication link in tropical region assimilating TD scheme are also included. The recovery strategy and its associated equations were determined reflecting the memory capacity requirement of TD. The knowledge will be integrated accordingly at the receiver with hopes to mitigate attenuation due to rain endured by the propagation link.
All Tests for a Fault are Not Eyually Valuable for Defect Detection

The standard approach to generating a test set for a logic circuit is to select a set of target fault,s and generate one test for each fault (or at least most of the faults). By far, the most common target fault set is composed of single stuck-at faults. However, many potential manufacturing (non-target) defects are not included in the target fault set, so that their detection is just a fortuitous coincidence. In most cases, many different tests may exist which detect a given single stuck-at fault. However, each of these tests (for the same stuck-at fault) may perform very differently in terms of their non-target defect detection. We investigate this phenomenon empirically using a subset of the ISCXS 85 benchmark circuits, and our results show that extremely wide variations in defective part level are possible over sets of tests which all guarantee 100% single non-redundant stuck-at fault coverage. Our objective in this work is the investigation of non-target defects and their impact on defective part level. Here, our thrust is not to develop new test gene rut i o n methods .
Discrete-time algorithm for distributed Nash equilibrium seeking of a class of aggregative games

In this paper, we investigate a distributed Nash equilibrium seeking problem for aggregative games with nonlinear aggregation generators. In our game model, the strategic interaction is associated with a sum of heterogeneous nonlinear mapping of local decisions, and the local cost functions are non-quadratic with the decision variables limited in local constraint sets. We propose a novel discrete-time distributed equilibrium seeking algorithm based on dynamic average consensus protocal and projected gradient flows. By virtue of variational inequalities and Lyapunov functions, we show that the algorithm can achieve the Nash equilibrium for the distributed aggregative game.
Fluctuations in depression and well-being are associated with sexual risk episodes among HIV-positive men.

OBJECTIVE Research has suggested a weak association between depression and sexual risk behavior in men who have sex with men (MSM). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between within-person fluctuations in depression and well-being and episodes of sexual risk-taking among HIV-positive MSM. METHODS One hundred six sexually active HIV-positive MSM living in New York City completed a structured weekly survey over 6 weeks. In Weeks 1, 3, and 5, they responded to items assessing their sexual behavior, depression, and well-being in the prior week. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between changes in levels of depression and well-being, and episodes of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI). RESULTS Within-person deviations from participants' average levels of depression and well-being were associated with the probability of risk. The probability of a risk episode was higher in weeks when depression was higher than participants' average levels (any UAI episode: odd ratio [OR] = 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.00, 2.90], p < .05; serodiscordant UAI episode: OR = 2.49, 95% CI [1.31, 4.73], p < .05). The probability of a risk episode was lower in weeks when well-being was higher than participants' average levels (any UAI: OR = 0.40, 95% CI [0.22, 0.74], p < .05; serodiscordant UAI: OR = 0.42, 95% CI [0.22, 0.81], p < .05). Between-person differences in depression and well-being were not associated with risk episodes (ps > .05). CONCLUSION This study is among the first to examine the association of within-person changes in depression and well-being with sexual risk behavior in a diverse sample. It contributes new evidence to literature exploring the relationship between depression and sexual risk. Future research should employ longitudinal designs to explore pathways linking within-person changes in depression with risk behavior.