Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Electric Fence Energizer Based on Marx Generator

Non-lethal electric fence technologies gained considerable recognition in various application areas ranging from security to live-stock management and farm automation. Fence energizer, which is essentially a High Voltage Pulsed Power Supply (HVPPS), is a pivotal part of a non-lethal fence system with several design options. Marx generator, which is a well-recognized HVPPS, has never been tried as a fence energizer. This paper investigates potential of Marx generator as a fence energizer and identifies specific requirements and challenges that need to be addressed. Finally, a design of Marx generator is presented for a non-lethal electric fence having voltage rating of 40 kV, output pulse duration of 15 μs, pulse rate of up to 100 Hz and maximum output energy to be lower than 20 mJ per pulse to ensure its non-lethal nature. To meet the design requirements, a novel gate driver design is presented which is compact, cost effective and meets specific requirements of non-lethal nature of the fence.
Automatic Identification of Errors in Arabic Handwriting Recognition

Arabic handwriting recognition (HR) is a challenging problem due to Arabic’s connected letter forms, consonantal diacritics and rich morphology. In this paper we isolate the task of identification of erroneous words in HR from the task of producing corrections for these words. We consider a variety of linguistic (morphological and syntactic) and non-linguistic features to automatically identify these errors. We also consider a learning curve varying in two dimensions: number of segments and number of n-best hypotheses to train on. We additionally evaluate the performance on different test sets with different degrees of errors in them. Our best approach achieves a roughly ∼20% absolute increase in F-score over a simple but reasonable baseline. A detailed error analysis shows that linguistic features, such as lemma models, help improve HR-error detection precisely where we expect them to: semantically inconsistent error words.
Beam dynamics analysis in pulse compression using electron beam compact simulator for Heavy Ion Fusion

In a final stage of an accelerator system for heavy ion inertial fusion (HIF), pulse shaping and beam current increase by bunch compression are required for effective pellet implosion. A compact simulator with an electron beam was constructed to understand the beam dynamics. In this study, we investigate theoretically and numerically the beam dynamics for the extreme bunch compression in the final stage of HIF accelerator complex. The theoretical and numerical results implied that the compact experimental device simulates the beam dynamics around the stagnation point for initial low temperature condition.
The Allometric Relationship between Resting Metabolic Rate and Body Mass in Wild Waterfowl (Anatidae) and an Application to Estimation of Winter Habitat Requirements

Abstract We examined the allometric relationship between resting metabolic rate (RMR; kJ day−1) and body mass (kg) in wild waterfowl (Anatidae) by regressing RMR on body mass using species means from data obtained from published literature (18 sources, 54 measurements, 24 species; all data from captive birds). There was no significant difference among measurements from the rest (night; n = 37), active (day; n = 14), and unspecified (n = 3) phases of the daily cycle (P > 0.10), and we pooled these measurements for analysis. The resulting power function (aMassb) for all waterfowl (swans, geese, and ducks) had an exponent (b; slope of the regression) of 0.74, indistinguishable from that determined with commonly used general equations for nonpasserine birds (0.72–0.73). In contrast, the mass proportionality coefficient (b; y-intercept at mass = 1 kg) of 422 exceeded that obtained from the nonpasserine equations by 29%–37%. Analyses using independent contrasts correcting for phylogeny did not substantially alter the equation. Our results suggest the waterfowl equation provides a more appropriate estimate of RMR for bioenergetics analyses of waterfowl than do the general nonpasserine equations. When adjusted with a multiple to account for energy costs of free living, the waterfowl equation better estimates daily energy expenditure. Using this equation, we estimated that the extent of wetland habitat required to support wintering waterfowl populations could be 37%–50% higher than previously predicted using general nonpasserine equations.
Reproductive endocrinology An additive interaction between the NF k B and estrogen receptor signalling pathways in human endometrial epithelial cells

A.E. King1, F. Collins2, T. Klonisch3, J.-M. Sallenave4,5, H.O. D. Critchley1, and P.T. K. Saunders2,6 Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Medical Research Council Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, Centre for Reproductive Biology, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada Universite Denis Diderot, Paris 7, France Unite de Defense Innee et Inflammation, INSERM U874, Batiment Metchnikoff, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex, France
Disturbance regime and disturbance interactions in a Rocky Mountain subalpine forest

The spatial and temporal patterns of fire, snow avalanches and spruce beetle outbreaks were investigated in Marvine Lakes Valley in the Colorado Rocky Mountains in forests of Picea engelmannii, Abies lasiocarpa, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Populus tremuloides. Dates and locations of disturbances were determined by dendrochronological techniques. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to calculate areas affected by the different disturbance agents and to examine the spatial relationships of the different disturbances. In the Marvine Lakes Valley, major disturbance was caused by fire in the 1470s, the 1630s and the 1870s and by spruce beetle outbreak in c. 1716, 1827 and 1949 (.)
INTEGRATING CONCEPTS AND PROCESSES IN EARLY MATHEMATICS: THE AUSTRALIAN PATTERN AND STRUCTURE MATHEMATICS AWARENESS PROJECT (PASMAP)

A broad descriptive study of 103 first graders and 16 longitudinal case studies found that children’s perception and representation of structure 1 generalised across a wide range of mathematical domains. Children’s strategies showing use of pattern and structure were determined from task-based interviews. A high positive correlation (0.944) was found between children’s performance on forty Pattern and Structure Assessment (PASA) tasks, and four stages of structural development: pre-structural, emergent, partial, and structural. Multiplicative structure, including unitising and partitioning, and ‘spatial structuring’, were found as critical to development of pattern and structure. BACKGROUND The development of mathematical concepts involves the recognition of patterns and structural relationships within and between mathematical objects and situations. Mathematical patterns encountered in school range from number sequences and spatial arrays to algebraic generalisations and geometrical theorems. Broadly, a pattern may be defined as a numerical or spatial regularity, and the relationship between the various components of a pattern constitute its structure. Pattern and structure may be regarded as inherent or constructed from, brought to or imposed on mathematical systems. Research on children’s development of mathematical concepts and their representations (e.g., counting, grouping, unitising, partitioning, estimating, base ten and multiplicative structure, and algebraic reasoning) has highlighted the role of pattern and structure. Goldin (2002) described the development of structure in children’s representations and found that it leads ultimately to the construction of autonomous representational systems. However, there have been few studies with young children that have described general characteristics of structural development and how pattern and structure are integral to concept development. In our PME 28 report (Mulligan, Prescott & Mitchelmore, 2004) we described how the mathematical structure present in children’s representations generalised across five mathematical domains: time (clockface), number, space and algebra (triangular pattern), measurement (unitising area and length) and data (picture graph). Individual profiles of responses were reliably coded as one of four broad stages of structural 1 In this paper we refer to the term ‘structure’ to encompass our definition of both pattern and structure.
A Survey of the Benthic Microfauna of the Marine Ecosystem on IRIS-1 Oil Platform at the Cape Skirring in Casamance, Senegal

Long-time suspected as having great natural resources of petroleum, oil was only discovered as recently as 2001 in the West African marine coastal ecosystem. The potential area harboring this offshore oil extends on six countries: Mauritania, Senegal, Guinea Conakry, Guinea and Cape Verde. A large Shallow block called AGC Shallow is in offshore area located between Senegal and Guinea Bissau and has an offshore drilling called IRIS-1 drilling, which covers 1,700 km2. Although these oil reserves are likely to generate significant new economic interests, especially for local communities living along the Senegalese coast to Guinea Bissau, their exploitation must take into account the biological and ecological potential side effects on aquatic ecosystems and their biological diversity. The objective of this study was to characterize the habitat and benthic fauna present in IRIS-1 drilling area. The results showed that the benthic microfauna around the IRIS-1 drilling point has a medium specific diversity of about 44 species with a more or less pronounced spatial variability. Marine mollusks, essentially sessile species, are the most important benthic species groups encountered. These organisms are quite sensitive to oil disturbances, which at long-term, may have serious effects on them. We suggest the proposed mitigation and mitigation measures for the IRIS-1 should focus on elements that are at least harmful to the environment and wildlife populations inhabiting the drilling zone. Dispersants may also be used to reduce the toxicity of products discharged into the sea.
UNDULATING SIDE FINS

The underwater robot is a basic tool to explore the unknown territories in the underwater region of the coastal areas and oceans, both from the scientific and industrial perspectives. With the aim of developing an efficient and environmentally friendly underwater robot, a Squid-like robot with two undulating side fins has been developing for many years by the authors' group in Osaka University, Japan. The high ambitious project started in 2002; from then different models have been developed to reach the goal of achieving a high-performance underwater vehicle. The body and propulsion system of the robot have been developed by following the swimming mechanism of flat-fishes that use undulating side fins, e.g. Squid, Stingray Cuttlefish and Manta. The Squid-robot is now in its fifth generation of development. In the present paper, the review of the development of models of the Squid-robot is presented. The development of the mechanical system and the control system of each model is described in brief. Some CFD computations and motion simulations of Model-4 are also discussed. The background of developing a new model and the updated features are stated for each model respectively. The future target of development of the robot is also pointed out. The objective of this paper is to provide relevant and useful information to the engineers involved in underwater vehicle design, and for those with an interest in the fast-growing area of biomimetic swimming robots.
Overview of the recent operation of the AAC and LEAR for the low-energy antiproton physics programme

This paper reviews the recent performance of the AAC and LEAR. Activities on the AAC include the successful exploitation of a magnetic horn as an antiproton collector lens and an energy-saving mode of operation, which has been possible since 1992, when LEAR became the only client of the AAC. LEAR worked in its full momentum range between 100 MeV/c and 2 GeV/c, with performance (intensities, ejection modes and spill length) exceeding the design specifications. Improvements are described, which contributed to the quality of the beam delivered to experiments. The reliability and availability of the antiproton machines are also discussed.
Climate Change Impacts on Natural Sulfur Production: Ocean Acidification and Community Shifts

Utilizing the reduced-complexity model Hector, a regional scale analysis was conducted quantifying the possible effects climate change may have on dimethyl sulfide (DMS) emissions within the oceans. The investigation began with a review of the sulfur cycle in modern Earth system models. We then expanded the biogeochemical representation within Hector to include a natural ocean component while accounting for acidification and planktonic community shifts. The report presents results from both a latitudinal and a global perspective. This new approach highlights disparate outcomes which have been inadequately characterized via planetary averages in past publications. Our findings suggest that natural sulfur emissions (ESN) may exert a forcing up to 4 times that of the CO2 marine feedback, 0.62 and 0.15 Wm−2, respectively, and reverse the radiative forcing sign in low latitudes. Additionally, sensitivity tests were conducted to demonstrate the need for further examination of the DMS loop. Ultimately, the present work attempts to include dynamic ESN within reduced-complexity simulations of the sulfur cycle, illustrating its impact on the global radiative budget.
DESIGN OF PLANAR IMAGE SEPARATING AND BALANCED SIS MIXERS

With noise temperatures of SIS receivers now in the range 2-4 times the photon temperature (hf/k), the overall sensitivity of radio astronomy measurements can be seriously degraded by atmospheric noise, and sometimes by noise from the local oscillator source. In spectral line measurements, atmospheric noise in the unwanted (image) sideband can be eliminated by using an image separating scheme. To reduce local oscillator noise, balanced mixers can be used. It is possible to realize image separating and balanced mixers using quasioptical or waveguide RF circuits, but they are difficult to fabricate and bulky. We believe it is now practical to include the necessary signal and LO power dividers, couplers, and cold loads with the SIS mixer on the same quartz substrate. The complete image separating or balanced mixer can be fabricated using a standard niobium SIS mixer fabrication process with one or two additional layers.
GENERATIONS AND COMMITMENT IN DIFFERENT BRAZILIAN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CONTEXTS 1 -

The purpose of this study is to analyze human resource management in organizations operating in Brazil, in connection to generational issues and commitment. A multi-case study was carried out in two companies: Dow and Promon. Questionnaires were applied to 331 Dow employees (out of a total population of 2465) and 298 Promon employees (out of a total population of 1800). As for generational management, results demonstrated that such management is not carried out in a formal manner, but rather takes place only informally through other programs that achieve this duty indirectly. At Promon, hierarchical position causes such a variation, whereas in Dow it is due to time at the company. Such differences are explained by the particular characteristics of the organizations. Such management takes place only informally, through other programs that achieve this duty indirectly. From this result, and from the display of the importance of productive coexistence among generations, the need for implementing formal policies that fulfill such a need can be observed. Generally speaking, although there is evidence of age-based generational differences in Brazil, there is evidence that human resource policies and practices, though not geared towards generational management, have the potential to make people commit in a similar manner, irrespective of their age.
Analogue of the Bruhat)Chevalley Order for Reductive Monoids

The purpose of this paper is to describe the Adherence Order of w x B = B-orbits on a reductive algebraic monoid. By the results of 10 there is already a perfect analogue of the Bruhat decomposition for reductive w x monoids. Indeed, by 10, Corollary 5.8 , if M is reductive with unit group G and maximal torus T : G with Borel subgroup B = T , then the set of two sided B-orbits, B R MrB is canonically identified with a certain finite Ž . inverse monoid R. In fact, R s N T rT , the orbit monoid of the Zariski G Ž . closure of N T in M. By definition, for s , t g R we define the AdherG ence Order by s F t if Bs B : Bt B, where Bt B denotes the Zariski closure in M of Bt B.
Estimating the economic value of viewing griffon vultures Gyps fulvus: a Travel Cost Model study at Gamla Nature Reserve, Israel

The proper valuation of non-market environmental commodities such as wildlife viewing has significant policy implications. We implemented the Travel Cost Method (TCM) to estimate the value of viewing threatened Eurasian griffon vulture Gyps fulvus by the public at Gamla Nature Reserve, northern Israel. We used the zonal TCM, where concentric zones were defined around the site such that the cost of travel from all points in a given zone was approximately constant. We generated a visit-distance function and used it, based on 143 questionnaires, to derive the demand function for the site from which a monetary value could be estimated. The potential annual benefit of Gamla was estimated to be NIS 5.5–6.0 million (USD 1.1–1.2 million). The annual economic value of Gamla to the visiting public is approximately five times higher than the current revenue, and 85% of the visitors to Gamla came to view vultures. This information can be used to estimate the benefits of further investment in Gamla Nature Reserve, to price this site according to demand if there are budget limits, and in particular to invest in the protection of vultures and other threatened species.
Production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and biofilm by Azospirillum brasilense aiming at the development of liquid inoculants with high performance

Azospirillum brasilense strains Ab-V5 and Ab-V6 have been broadly and successfully used in commercial inoculants in Brazil, for both non-legumes and legumes, contributing to increases in grain yields with reduced applications of chemical fertilizers. Azospirillum survival, however, may be very low in liquid inoculant formulations and strategies such as the enrichment with polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and biofilm may help both bacterial survival and agronomic performance. The production was quantified for both PHB and biofilm by strains Ab-V5 and Ab-V6 in liquid inoculant formulations. Differences were observed between formulations, strains, and strain x formulation. Cellular PHB concentrations ranged from 7.9 to 40.2% of the cell dry weight after 96 h, and considerable amounts of biofilm were synthesized by both Ab-V5 and Ab-V6. Maximum accumulation of PHB and biofilm occurred with A. brasilense strain Ab-V6 in the formulation FORM2+P3, indicating that it is possible to enrich the inoculants on PHB and biofilm by improving the culture media. Field experiments will now be performed to confirm the agronomic efficiency of the improved inoculant. Key words: Polyhydroxybutyrate, inoculation, N2 fixation, plant-growth-promoting bacteria, plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB).
Mesh-based Multi-view Normal Integration with Energy Minimization Using Surface Reflectance Properties

We propose a technique to reconstruct a general 3D object using surface reflectance information from multiple viewpoints. Our core optimization framework uses multi-view normal integration, which can recovers water-tight surface of the object iteratively in a coarse to fine manner. The integration requires normal vector field from multiple viewpoints, which we can derive from surface reflectance. We then handle the topological changes if self-intersection occurs from the optimization. We also employ the idea of multi-resolution and weighted data heuristic which helps dealing with noisy data and improves both accuracy and optimization time. Our experiment shows that the framework is able to robustly recover 3D surface well with both synthetic and real data.
Mechanical and thermal properties of poly(urethane urea) nanocomposites prepared with diamine-modified Laponite

Nanocomposites based on segmented poly(urethane urea) were prepared by reacting a poly(diisocyanate) with diamine-modified Laponite-RD nanoparticles that served as a chain extender. The nanocomposites were prepared at a constant NH2 to NCO mole ratio of 0.95, while varying the fraction of diamine-modified Laponite relative to the free diamine chain extender. Compared to neat poly(urethane urea), all nanocomposites showed increased tensile strength and elongation at break. As Laponite loading increased, tensile properties passed through a maximum at a particle concentration of 1 mass%, at which a 300% increase in tensile strength and 40% increase in elongation at break were observed. A maximum in urea and urethane hard-domain melting endotherms was also observed at this Laponite loading. Optimal mechanical and thermal properties coincided with a minimum in the size of the inorganic Laponite phase. Nanocomposites containing diamine-modified Laponite had higher tensile strengths than those with nonreactive monoamine-modified Laponite or diamine-modified Cloisite.
Water Stress Tolerance, Its Relationship to Stem Reserve Mobilization and Potence Ratio in Spring Wheat

Twelve wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and their sixteen direct and reciprocal crosses were evaluated for heterosis, heterobeltiosis and potence ratio to determine the potential of wheat genotypes under contrasting water regimes. The highest positive heterosis and heterobeltiosis was observed in cross combination Sehr-06 × Pasban-90 under both water regimes for the trait stem reserve mobilization (SRM). While in trait 1000-grain weight the cross-combination Pari-73 × C-273 (Normal irrigation) and Fsd-08 × SA-42 (water stress) showed highest heterosis and Pari-73 × C-273(Normal irrigation) and Fsd-08 × Chenab-70(water stress) showed highest value of heterobeltiosis. The potence ratio in both traits expressed overdominance estimates exhibiting the presence of transgressive segregants, may be exploited for on-ward selection in the bread wheat improvement. The genotypes showing better SRM based 1000-grain weight in the absence of photosynthesis indicates relative water stress tolerance. This procedure paved an indirect way to screen the wheat genotypes to withhold water stress situation and sustain wheat production.