Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Homogeneity study of the internal quality control sera for immunodiagnosis of HIV/AIDS

Introduction: The present study reports the data from the first homogeneity assessment of samples composing the serum panels produced at the Immunology Center of Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo. These samples have been distributed to the public laboratories and those partaking in the Brazilian Unified Health System, and to the participants in the Internal Quality Control Program for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody (Ab) testing. Objective: To assess the homogeneity of serum samples in panels from different lots for HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) immunodiagnosis by using the statistical method to ensure quality of the reference material. Method: Sera homogeneity was evaluated by means of enzyme-linked immunoassay/enzyme immunoassay (ELISA/EIA) for detection of HIV Ab, and the one-way analysis of variance was employed for analyzing the data. No statistically significant differences were found among the several serum vials. Conclusion: The sera dispensed in the vials were homogeneous in the respective lots.
Shortest-path routing algorithm based on selected RSL in WirelessHART

The Graph routing proposed by WirelessHART is one of the routing protocols which with best robustness among all the wireless networks.Since there is little algorithm on Graph routing at present and the routing performance is poor,a shortest-path Graph routing algorithm based on BFS(Breadth-First Search)is presented.The routing algorithm has a character of neighbor redundancies,which can maximize to increase the routing robustness.With the introduction of RSL(Receive Signal Level)as a link quality measurement, removing the links with poor quality,setting an upper limit to the number of neighbors in each hop,both methods are aimed to increase the routing robustness and minimize the waste communication resources.In addition,the necessary of broadcast routing which Wire- lessHART has not mentioned is demonstrated and the reality algorithm is also proposed.
Energy Efficient Communication with Random Node Cooperation

In this chapter, we focus on the energy efficient cooperative communication with random node cooperation for wireless networks. By “random,” we mean that the cooperative nodes for each communication event are randomly selected based on the network and channel conditions. Different from the conventional deterministic cooperative communication where cooperative nodes are determined prior to the communication, here the number of cooperative nodes and the cooperation pattern may be random, which is more practical given the random nature of the channels among the source nodes, relay nodes, and destination nodes. In addition, it is more robust to the dynamic wireless network environment. Starting with a thorough literature survey, we then discuss the challenges for random cooperative communication systems. Afterwards, two examples are presented to illustrate the design methodologies. In the first example, we analyze a simple scheme for clustered wireless networks, where cooperative communication is deployed in the long-haul inter-cluster transmissions to improve the energy efficiency. We quantify the energy performance and emphasize its difference from the conventional deterministic ones. In the second example, we consider the cross-layer design between the physical layer and the medium access control (MAC) layer for the one-hop random single-relay networks. We unify the power control and the relay selection at the physical layer into the MAC signaling in a distributed fashion. This example clearly shows the strength of cross-layer design for energy-efficient cooperative systems with random node collaboration. Finally, we conclude with discussions over possible future research directions. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-665-5.ch010
Sergančiųjų lėtine psichikos liga gyvenimo pokyčių apibrėžtis egzistencinės teorijos perspektyvoje

Straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti serganciųjų lėtine psichikos liga gyvenimo pokycių apibrėžtis egzistencinės teorijos perspektyvoje. Atliekant kokybinį tyrimą, siekta atsakyti į klausimus: kaip gyvenimo pokycius, susirgus psichikos liga, suvokia sergantieji? Kaip jie juos aiskina? Tyrimo metu surinkti duomenys analizuoti ir interpretuoti remiantis analitinės indukcijos prieiga, taikant teorinio kodavimo principą pagal E. Deurzen (2007), E. Spinelli (2005), R. Kociūno (1996) isskiramas keturias žmogaus egzistencijos dimensijas: fizine –santykio su fizine aplinka (vok. Umwelt), socialine - socialinių santykių (vok. Mitwelt), asmenine - santykio su paciu savimi (vok. Eigenwelt) ir dvasine – asmeninės pasaulėžiūros (vok. Uberwelt). Egzistencinėje teorijoje gvildenamas žmogaus santykis su tokiomis gyvenimo duotybėmis, kaip žmogaus egzistencijos baigtinumas, laisvė, vienatvė, beprasmiskumas. Nagrinėjant įvairius žmogaus santykių su egzistencinėmis duotybėmis aspektus egzistencinėje teorijoje atveriama perspektyva gyventi pilną, autentiską, atsakingą ir prasmingą gyvenimą. Psichikos liga suprantama ne kaip simptomų visuma, bet kaip gyvenimo patirtis, kurią galima atskleisti ir suprasti. Tyrimo duomenų analizė atskleidė, kad tyrimo dalyviai savo egzistenciją ir su liga susijusius pokycius isreiskia per asmens tapatumo ir santykio su kitais asmenimis dimensijas, santykis su isorės pasauliu atkleidžiamas per įsidarbinimo patirtis, o dvasiniai klausimai lieka neatskleisti, tyrimo dalyviams pasakojant savo patirtis. Pasakodami apie gyvenimo pokycius, sergantieji savo asmens tapatumą konstruoja asmeninėje (vok. Eigenwelt) dimensijoje, kuri apima asmeninius ir intymius rysius su savimi ir su reiksmingais kitais; savo santykį su kitais – socialinėje dimensijoje (vok. Mitwelt), kuri orientuota į kasdienybe ir asmens rysius su kitais; santykį su fizine aplinka fizinėje dimensijoje (vok. Umwelt), kurioje askleidžiamas materialinis, ekonominis gyvenimo kontekstas (Spinelli, 2005). Asmenys ir juos supantis pasaulis negali būti atskirti, jie yra visuomet santykyje (Deurzen, Kennward, 2014). Tyrimo dalyvių patirtys atskleidžia ir I. Jalomo (2000) įvardintą egzistencine vienatve, kai supriesinant save su kitais, didinama izoliacija tarp savojo „as“ ir aplinkinių. Žmogui gyvybiskai svarbu yra, kad jį kas nors isklausytų, priimtų, pažintų. Tai, remiantis R. May (2001), suteikia žmogui įsitikinimą, kad jis kažką reiskia, kad jis yra žmonijos dalis. Tai jam suteikia tam tikrą atramą, taską, kuriame jis gali surasti prasme beprasmiskame gyvenime.
Collaborative Learning in Engineering Education: A Grounded Theory Analysis of a CSCL Application

This study examines how students collaborate on engineering problems and the effect of information technology on facilitating collaboration. Twenty-eight undergraduate engineering students were placed in small groups to discuss questions about mechanics of materials, either face-to-face or via a keyboard chat. Students were interviewed after completing the tasks, and the interviews were analyzed using the grounded theory approach. The resulting framework suggests that social goals as well as achievement goals are major motivations for students’ behavior in the team situation, and that technology and group characteristics were acknowledged to influence their actions during and after the cooperation.
Neglecting the Parent in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: The Communicational Factors that Increases the Iranian Parents' Stress

Many parents confront the NICU environment as medical staffs are busy with the physical aspects of care by ignoring other important needs and omitting physicians’ view. Aim: Identify essential factors in communication process that tend to increase stress among the NICU parents. The Study Design: Eighteen NICU parents from different hospitals in the city of Isfahan were selected for in-depth interviews. Qualitative content analysis included open coding, categorization and abstraction of data. Results: Data analysis identified stress provoking factors for NICU parents in four categories as confusion in nurse-parent, nurse-physician communication, negligence in physician-parent communication, inappropriate nurse-physician communication, and the medical diagnosis communication process. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that NICU parent presence was very low. It is necessary for the hospital management and NICU staff to develop communication skills training sessions for less stressful parent experiences in NICU. Moreover, the Ministry of Health should authorize policy development and guidelines to improve relationship between medical staff, physicians, nurses and NICU families aimed at better neonatal outcomes.
Examining Instant Messaging Impact On Learning Using An Integrated Worked-example Format

Instant messaging with Internet-based software is a ubiquitous form of communication in industrialized nations. In fact, many educators are observing that students engage with instant messaging while simultaneously engaged in academic activity. Though this type of multitasking is pervasive, educational researchers have not examined how the practice of instant messaging impacts learning outcomes. This dissertation describes the background, empirical and theoretical foundations, methods and results of a study examining the impact of instant messaging activity on learning, where instant messaging and learning are simultaneous activities. The question posed is grounded in the related areas of instant messaging practices, the Generation M profile, Cognitive Load Theory, and integration of instant messaging in K-16 classrooms. This work presents empirical evidence pointing out the necessity of conducting empirical study regarding how instant messaging activity might impact learning. Quantitative methods used to conduct the study are presented including data collection instruments. The results of the study are discussed in broad terms related to Generation M and Cognitive Load Theory. Methodological limitations related to practice opportunities for the research sample as well as the performance measure used are detailed. In addition, implications of the results in relationship to those teaching members of Generation M in K-16 classrooms as well as those designing instruction for this population are discussed. The discussion concludes with recommendations for further research in this area.
A differential theory of learning for efficient statistical pattern recognition

There is more to learning stochastic concepts for robust statistical pattern recognition than the learning itself: computational resources must be allocated and information must be obtained. Therein lies the key to a learning strategy that is efficient, requiring the fewest resources and the least information necessary to produce classifiers that generalize well. Probabilistic learning strategies currently used with connectionist (as well as most traditional) classifiers are inefficient, requiring high classifier complexity and large training sample sizes to ensure good generalization. An asymptotically efficient differential learning strategy is set forth, which guarantees Bayesian (i.e., minimum probability-of-error) discrimination with the minimum-complexity classifier. Moreover, differential learning guarantees the best generalization allowed by the choice of classifier paradigm as long as the training sample size is large. When the training sample size is small, differential learning usually guarantees the best generalization allowed by the choice of classifier paradigm. The theory is demonstrated in several real-world machine learning/pattern recognition tasks associated with optical character recognition, medical diagnosis, airborne remote sensing imagery interpretation, and adaptive digital telecommunications. These applications focus on the implementation of differential learning and illustrate its advantages and limitations in a series of experiments that complement the theory. The experiments demonstrate that differentially-generated classifiers consistently generalize better than their probabilistically-generated counterparts across a wide range of real-world learning-and-classification tasks. The discrimination improvements range from moderate to significant, depending on the statistical nature of the learning task and its relationship to the functional basis of the classifier used.
A 3-D SAR experiment with EMSL data

In usual SAR systems the image spectrum is regularly sampled along azimuth and slant range. A third dimension is found in the baseline of interferometric SAR images. An experiment on the use of multi-baseline SAR images far 3D target reconstruction is presented. The data have been collected in the European Microwave Signature Laboratory of JRC. The volume is presented as horizontal slices of the target at different depths.
Association of slow coronary flow phenomenon with abnormal heart rate recovery Yavafl koroner ak›m fenomeninin bozulmufl kalp h›z› toparlanmas› ile iliflkisi

Objectives: Heart rate recovery (HRR) at 1 minute after peak exercise is a measure of vagal reactivation and is considered a marker of parasympathetic activity. Blood pressure recovery index at 3 minutes (BPRI3) might reflect sympathetic activity. We aimed to assess HRR at 1 minute and BPRI3 in an attempt to determine parasympathetic and sympathetic activity in patients with slow coronary flow (SCF). Study design: The study included 24 patients (19 males, 5 females; mean age 51±7 years) with angiographically diagnosed SCF using the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) frame-count method. Heart rate recovery was calculated as the difference between the heart rate at peak exercise and heart rate at the relevant minute of recovery. Blood pressure recovery indexes were defined as the ratios of recovery systolic blood pressures at 1, 2, and 3 minutes to the systolic blood pressure at peak exercise. The results were compared with those of 26 age- and sex-matched subjects (19 males, 7 females; mean age 52±8 years) with normal flow. Results: Patients with SCF had significantly lower HRRs at 1 minute (19±4 vs 25±6 beats/min; p<0.001) and 2 minutes (36±9 vs 44±13 beats/min; p=0.042) compared to controls with normal coronary flow. Blood pressure recovery index at 3 minutes was not significantly different between the two groups (0.81±0.07 vs 0.84±0.12; p=0.440). Conclusion: Attenuation in HRR at 1 minute suggests the presence of reduced vagal tone in patients with SCF. Decreased vagal activity may contribute to the mechanisms responsible for SCF. Amac: Egzersiz sonras› birinci dakikadaki kalp h›z› toparlanmas› (KHT) buyuk olcude vagal reaktivasyonun bir gostergesidir ve parasempatik sistemin bir belirteci olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ucuncu dakika kan bas›nc› toparlanma indeksi (KBT‹3) ise sempatik aktiviteyi yans›tabilir. Bu cal›flmada, yavafl koroner ak›ml› hastalarda birinci dakikadaki KHT ve KBT‹3 saptanarak hastalar›n parasempa
Software support for distributed and parallel computing

This dissertation has been submitted in partial fullllment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under the rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of the manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgement the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author.
COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE BASED ON THE BEHAVIOR OF CATS

Optimization problems are very important in many fields. To the present, many optimization algorithms based on computational intelligence have been proposed, such as the Genetic Algorithm, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In this paper, a new optimization algorithm, namely, Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) is proposed. CSO is generated by observing the behavior of cats, and composed of two sub-models by simulating the behavior of cats. According to the experiments, the results reveal that CSO is superior to PSO.
Cooperative solutions to the dynamic management of communication resources

Support for large-scale distributed interactive applications demands resource management infrastructures that understand the relationship between application requirements and the services available from the network. To provide such support, we have designed and implemented an end-to-end communication layer which mediates between an application and a network service. By using configurable communication protocols, this layer can adaptively configure an application's communication parameters as demanded by changes in both service requirements and resource availability. Adaptations maximize the perceived benefits a specific communication configuration offers to the application, by permitting applications to provide dynamic service quality requirements to the communication layer in the form of “payoff functions”. As a result, the communication layer supports precisely the cost-quality tradeoffs the user is willing to make. The effectiveness of these techniques is demonstrated with two different cost-quality tradeoff scenarios. The first scenario explores the use of a variable reliability protocol that realizes reduced transfer delays by exploiting tradeoffs with respect to the reliability of message communication. The second scenario involves power management for mobile computers, including techniques for saving energy during active communication, as well as during idle periods. The communication layer exploits certain aspects of mobile communication protocols to understand the tradeoffs between energy consumption and transfer delays.
Accessibility of Online Advertising: A Content Analysis of Alternative Text for Banner Ad Images in Online Newspapers

This article reports a content analysis of newspaper practice regarding accessibility of online banner advertising. The researchers apply two techniques that may contribute to a greater understanding of online content: 1) an information location task that requires coding beyond the home page; and 2) coding the underlying structure of Web pages - the HTML Source code. This study provides evidence that three out of four (74.73 percent) banner ads found in online newspapers failed to present accessible content by using informative alternative text in the image tags of online banner ad images. For advertisers, that means millions of both sighted and blind online readers will not be exposed to their advertising messages. A simple solution for making online banner ads accessible is to add a few informative words of alternative text in the IMG tag of the Source code for the Web page.
ResearchArticle The Impact of Autonomic Dysreflexia on Blood Flow and Skin Response in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury

Correspondence should be addressed to J. C. Ramella-Roman, ramella@cua.eduReceived 5 March 2008; Accepted 1 June 2008Recommended by Stoyan TanevAutonomic dysreﬂexia (AD) is an inappropriate response of the sympathetic nervous system that commonly occurs whenindividuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), at or above the sixth thoracic (T6) vertebra, are subjected to a noxious stimulus belowthe level of injury. An AD event can be put into motion by something as simple as an ingrown toenail or a full bladder, withsymptoms ranging from headache, high blood pressure, and even stroke. We have characterized the onset of AD and resultingautonomic events in an individual with SCI using a ﬁberoptic-based probe. Two probes were located above and below the injurylevel, on the subjects forearm and thigh, respectively, and were connected to a dual channel spectrophotometer. Oxygen saturationwas calculated using the reﬂectance spectra and an algorithm based on melanin and hemoglobin absorption. We noticed thatduring an AD event the amount of oxygen in the skin below the injury level dropped by as much as 40%, while above the injurylevel, skin oxygenation remained constant. In addition, we found that the level of skin perspiration below the level of injuryincreased signiﬁcantly. We hypothesize that the combination of AD-related ischemia with pressure-related ischemia and increasedperspiration places individuals with spinal cord injury level at T6 or above at an elevated risk for developing a pressure sore belowthe injury site.Copyright © 2008 J. C. Ramella-Roman and J. M. Hidler. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative CommonsAttribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work isproperly cited.
Neural network approach to predict RNA secondary structures

Ribonucleic acid(RNA) secondary structure predictions based on stochastic context-free grammar(SCFG) models are very complex.This paper presents a BP neural network approach for predicting RNA secondary structures based on a new representation of the RNA structure information.The new format for the secondary structure prediction results can be easily converted to the commonly-used CT format.Test results obtained with tRNA training and testing datasets show that the approach has higher prediction accuracy and greater correlation coefficients than the two best-performance SCFG models.Since computational complexity for heuristic neural network approaches are relatively simple,the method can be used to solve secondary structure prediction problems of long RNA sequences with lengths greater than(1 000) nt,which are difficult with traditional folding algorithms.
An improvement over TCP Vegas by solving rerouting problem

The Congestion control service provided by TCP plays an important role in performance of the Internet. There are many congestion control mechanisms for TCP, namely, Tahoe, Reno, New-Reno, SACK, Vegas, etc. Although Vegas is a mechanism that outperforms other ones, it suffers from several problems that inhere in its congestion avoidance mechanism. Rerouting is one of these problems. When a route is changed by the network and RTT grows up, Vegas incorrectly recognizes the increased RTT as a result of network congestion and consequently decreases its own sending rate. In this paper, we propose an improvement over Vegas algorithm to solve this problem. The proposed algorithm differentiates the increased RTT of rerouting from the delay caused by the network congestion, and adjusts the BaseRTT, if it is necessary. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm solves the rerouting problem and enhances Vegas throughput remarkably. Keywords: Congestion Control, TCP-Vegas, rerouting;
Promoting positive gender outcomes in higher education through active workload management

The Higher Education Funding Council funded report 'Promoting Positive Gender Outcomes in HE Through Active Workload Management' includes HEI case study interviews, surveys and workload data analysis to investigate the disparity between the genders in their careers. For example in 2010 although women made up 43% of the academic workforce when looking at the Professorial role only 18.7% were women. The report, through the field work and data analysis, uncovers a range of quite subtle factors that appear to be working together to create this imbalance and includes recommendations for better practice in workload allocation.