Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Mesoporous Nanoparticles for pH-Actuated Controlled Release

Among a variety of inorganic-based nanomaterials, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have several attractive features for application as a delivery system, due to their high surface areas, large pore volumes, uniform and tunable pore sizes, high mechanical stability, and a great diversity of surface functionalization options. We developed novel hybrid MSNs composed of a mesoporous silica nanostructure core and a pH-responsive polymer shell. The polymer shell was prepared by RAFT polymerization of 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (pKa ~6.5), using a hybrid grafting approach. The hybrid nanoparticles have diameters of ca. 100 nm at pH < 6.5 and ca. 60 nm at pH > 6.5. An excellent control of cargo release is achieved by the combined effect of electrostatic interaction of the cargo with the charged silica and the extended cationic polymer chains at low pH, and the reduction of electrostatic attraction with a simultaneous collapse of the polymer chains to a globular conformation at higher pH. The system presents a very low (almost null) release rate at acidic pH values and a large release rate at basic pH, resulting from the squeezing-out effect of the coil-to-globule transition in the polymer shell.
Moxetumomab pasudotox: A first-in-class treatment for hairy cell leukemia

Hairy cell leukemia is a rare indolent B-cell lymphoid malignancy. Durable remission can be obtained with purine analogues, but relapse is inevitable, and effective treatment options may be limited. Moxetumomab pasudotox is a recombinant CD22-targeting immunotoxin that has recently been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of relapsed or refractory hairy cell leukemia. Approval was based on a pivotal phase III study in this unique patient population. Rationale for use, clinical trial data, and current treatment recommendations are detailed. Common adverse effects are reviewed, and management strategies for select adverse effects are suggested. Implications for contemporary practitioners are also provided, as use of this novel agent is likely to increase as follow-up studies are reported.
Temporal signals underlying a cognitive process in the dorsal premotor cortex

Significance When trained monkeys discriminate between two sequential vibrotactile stimulus patterns, neurons in the dorsal premotor cortex (DPC) code current and remembered inputs and the commands expressing the decision report. Additionally, responses of these neurons and neurons with no coding responses also reflect the timing of the task sequence. What is the cognitive relevance of these time-dependent signals? We show that time-dependent signals reflected the temporal sequence of the task during both hits and error trials but diminished or disappeared during a nondemanding cognitive task that did not require discrimination for reward. Also, strong links were detected between neuronal population and individual neurons’ time-dependent signals. These time-dependent responses may function as the substrate network dynamics on which task coding components emerge. During discrimination between two sequential vibrotactile stimulus patterns, the primate dorsal premotor cortex (DPC) neurons exhibit a complex repertoire of coding dynamics associated with the working memory, comparison, and decision components of this task. In addition, these neurons and neurons with no coding responses show complex strong fluctuations in their firing rate associated with the temporal sequence of task events. Here, to make sense of this temporal complexity, we extracted the temporal signals that were latent in the population. We found a strong link between the individual and population response, suggesting a common neural substrate. Notably, in contrast to coding dynamics, these time-dependent responses were unaffected during error trials. However, in a nondemanding task in which monkeys did not require discrimination for reward, these time-dependent signals were largely reduced and changed. These results suggest that temporal dynamics in DPC reflect the underlying cognitive processes of this task.
Network intrusion detection based on deep learning model optimized with rule-based hybrid feature selection

ABSTRACT Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is often used to classify network traffic in an attempt to protect computer systems from various network attacks. A major component for building an efficient intrusion detection system is the preprocessing of network traffic and identification of essential features which is essential for building robust classifier. In this study, a NIDS based on deep learning model optimized with rule-based hybrid feature selection is proposed. The architecture is divided into three phases namely: hybrid feature selection, rule evaluation and detection. Several search methods and attribute evaluators were combined for features selection to enhance experimentation and comparison. The results obtained showed that the number of selected features will not affect the detection accuracy of the feature selection algorithms, but directly proportional to the performance of the base classifier. Results from the performance comparison proved that the proposed method outperforms other related methods with reduction of false alarm rate, high accuracy rate, reduced training and testing time of 1.2%, 98.8%, 7.17s and 3.11s, respectively. Finally, the simulation experiments on standard evaluation metrics showed that the proposed method is suitable for attack classification in NIDS.
Flagellum-mediated motility in Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum SI

ABSTRACT The basic functions of a propionate-oxidizing bacterium Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum flagellum, such as motility and chemotaxis, have not been studied. To investigate its motility, we compared with that of Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans, an aflagellar propionate-oxidizing bacterium, in soft agar medium. P. thermopropionicum cells spread, while S. fumaroxidans cells moved downward slightly, indicating flagellum-dependent motility in P. thermopropionicum SI. The motility of P. thermopropionicum was inhibited by the addition of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone, a proton uncoupler, which is consistent with the fact that stator protein, MotB of P. thermopropionicum, shared sequence homology with proton-type stators. In addition, 5-N-ethyl-N-isopropyl amiloride, an Na+ channel blocker, showed no inhibitory effect on the motility. Furthermore, motAB of P. thermopropionicum complemented the defective swimming ability of Escherichia coli ∆motAB. These results suggest that the motility of P. thermopropionicum SI depends on the proton-type flagellar motor. Graphical Abstract Cells of Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum SI spread in a soft agar medium by flagellum, that was inhibited by CCCP. The stator proteins, MotAB, also function in Escherichia coli as proton type.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Characteristics and Fracture Patterns of Unfrozen/Freezing Saturated Coal and Sandstone

The thermomechanical behavior of coal and sandstone during excavation using the freezing method is a new challenge for coal mining and geotechnical engineering. In this paper, the influence of temperature on the mechanical characteristics and fracture patterns of two types of saturated rocks (coal and sandstone) were investigated. A series of laboratory tests, including the Brazilian tensile strength (BTS), uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), and triaxial compressive strength (TCS), were conducted at temperatures of 20, −4, −10, and −15 °C. The results indicated a significant increase in their strength when the temperature was reduced from 20 to −15 °C, especially near the phase-transition point. Then, a theoretical model was proposed to predict rock strength change with temperature, based on the phase-transition theory. To evaluate this model, the predicted results were compared with experimental data, where a good correlation was identified. In addition, four failure patterns were observed in indirect tensile tests (i.e., layer activation, central fracture, noncentral fracture, and central and layer activation), and three types of failure modes in compression tests (i.e., axial splitting, shearing along a single plane, multiple fracturing). The evolution of the rock damage was divided into four stages: Crack closure, fracture initiation, critical energy release, and rupture. These results could be applied to evaluate and predict the mechanical behavior of saturated coal and sandstone during excavation using the freezing method.
City branding in Indonesia: The urgency of public communication, involvement, and inter-sectoral collaboration

Contemporary cities are facing various challenges, both internally and externally. Indonesian cities are not exempted from this phenomenon. In light of this, city branding has become a widespread practice undertaken by most city managers to attract visitors, tourists, and investors. This study is trying to capture the city branding implementation in Indonesia and suggests several improvement strategies in tourism development. This study is using content analysis to explore existing literature on city branding implementation in several cities in Indonesia over the last ten years. A summary of more than thirty studies is provided along with the content analysis. The finding of these studies gives a significant contribution to the field of city branding that focuses on practical operational in social and governance dimensions in the local context. It shows that the limitation of understanding on city branding concept from the local authorities in many cities has resulted in less efficient and effective branding. City branding in most cities in Indonesia was trapped merely in making slogan and logos with less consideration in public aspirations and local identities. In addition, the common problem of lack of intersectoral coordination has resulted in a situation where branding has been undertaken solely by the tourist management sectors without proper support from other sectors. This study emphasizes the urgency of public involvement and inter-sectoral collaboration in ensuring city branding successfulness. Keywords: city branding, collaboration, Indonesia, public involvement, tourism
Inhibition of Human Sulfotransferase 2A1-Catalyzed Sulfonation of Lithocholic Acid, Glycolithocholic Acid, and Taurolithocholic Acid by Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators and Various Analogs and Metabolites

Lithocholic acid (LCA) is a bile acid associated with adverse effects, including cholestasis, and it exists in vivo mainly as conjugates known as glyco-LCA (GLCA) and tauro-LCA (TLCA). Tamoxifen has been linked to the development of cholestasis, and it inhibits sulfotransferase 2A1 (SULT2A1)-catalyzed dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfonation. The present study was done to characterize the sulfonation of LCA, GLCA, and TLCA and to investigate whether triphenylethylene (clomifene, tamoxifen, toremifene, ospemifene, droloxifene), benzothiophene (raloxifene, arzoxifene), tetrahydronaphthalene (lasofoxifene, nafoxidine), indole (bazedoxifene), and benzopyran (acolbifene) classes of selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) inhibit LCA, GLCA, and TLCA sulfonation. Human recombinant SULT2A1, but not SULT2B1b or SULT1E1, catalyzed LCA, GLCA, and TLCA sulfonation, whereas each of these enzymes catalyzed DHEA sulfonation. LCA, GLCA, and TLCA sulfonation is catalyzed by human liver cytosol, and SULT2A1 followed the substrate inhibition model with comparable apparent Km values (≤1 µM). Each of the SERMs inhibited LCA, GLCA, and TLCA sulfonation with varying potency and mode of enzyme inhibition. The potency and extent of inhibition of LCA sulfonation were attenuated or increased by structural modifications to toremifene, bazedoxifene, and lasofoxifene. The inhibitory effect of raloxifene, bazedoxifene, and acolbifene on LCA sulfonation was also observed in HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Overall, among the SERMs investigated, bazedoxifene and raloxifene were the most effective inhibitors of LCA, GLCA, and TLCA sulfonation. These findings provide insight into the structural features of specific SERMs that contribute to their inhibition of SULT2A1-catalyzed LCA sulfonation. Inhibition of LCA, GLCA, and TLCA detoxification by a SERM may provide a biochemical basis for adverse effects associated with a SERM.
Potential involvement of root auxins in drought tolerance by modulating nocturnal and daytime water use in wheat

The ability of wheat genotypes to save water by reducing their transpiration rate (TR) under times of the day with high vapour pressure deficit (VPD) has been linked to increasing yields in terminal drought environments. Further, recent evidence shows that reducing nocturnal transpiration (TRN) could amplify water-saving. Previous research indicates that such traits involve a root-based hydraulic limitation, but the contribution of hormones, particularly auxin and abscisic acid (ABA) has not been explored to explain the shoot-root link. In this investigation, based on physiological, genetic and molecular evidence gathered on a mapping population, we hypothesized that root auxin accumulation regulates whole-plant water use during both times of the day. Eight double-haploid lines were selected from a mapping population descending from two parents with contrasted water-saving strategies and root hydraulic properties. These spanned the entire range of slopes of TR responses to VPD and TRN encountered in the population. On those lines, we examined daytime/night-time auxin and ABA contents in the roots and the leaves in relation to hydraulic traits that included whole-plant TR, plant hydraulic conductance (KPlant), slopes of TR responses to VPD and leaf-level anatomical traits. Root auxin levels were consistently genotype-dependent in this group irrespective of experiments and times of the day. Daytime root auxin concentrations were found to be strongly and negatively correlated with daytime TR, KPlant and the slope of TR response to VPD. Night-time root auxin levels significantly and negatively correlated with TRN. In addition, daytime and night-time leaf auxin and ABA concentrations did not correlate with any of the examined traits. The above results indicate that accumulation of auxin in the root system reduces daytime and night-time water use and modulates plant hydraulic properties to enable the expression of water-saving traits that have been associated with enhanced yields under drought.
Bibliometric Analysis of Algal-Bacterial Symbiosis in Wastewater Treatment

In recent years, the algae-bacteria symbiotic system has played a significant role in the sustainable development of wastewater treatment. With the continuous expansion of research outputs, publications related to wastewater treatment via algal-bacterial consortia appear to be on the rise. Based on SCI-EXPANDED database, this study investigated the research activities and tendencies of algae-bacteria symbiotic wastewater treatment technology by bibliometric method from 1998 to 2017. The results indicated that environmental sciences and ecology was the most productive subject categories, followed by engineering. Bioresource Technology was the most prominent journal in this field with considerable academic influence. China (146), USA (139) and Spain (76) had the largest amount of publications. Among them, USA was in a leading position in international cooperation, with the highest h-index (67) in 79 countries/territories. The cooperation between China and USA was the closest. The cooperative publishing rate of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was 83.33%, but most of them were in cooperation with domestic institutions, while international cooperation was relatively limited. Methane production, biofuel production, and extracellular polymeric substance were future focal frontiers of research, and this field had gradually become a multi-perspective and inter-disciplinary approach combining biological, environmental and energy technologies.
The stratospheric ozone rich cold intrusion during El‐Niño over the Indian region: Implication during the Indian summer monsoon

Ozone in the upper troposphere is a dominant radiative constituent. In this study, we investigate ozone variability due to stratospheric intrusions in the upper troposphere over India and associated radiative impacts during monsoon breaks co‐occurring with El Niño using the ECHAM5‐HAMMOZ, Global‐Chemistry‐climate model simulations, and ERA‐Interim reanalysis data. Our analysis shows that during El Niño, deep stratospheric intrusions occur at the North India‐Tibetan Plateau (NI‐TP) region and the eastern edge of the monsoon anticyclone. These intrusions lead to an enormous increase in ozone amounts (~100 ppb) in the upper troposphere over India. The intrusions frequently penetrate deep into the troposphere which enhances the surface ozone levels by ~10–20 ppb and augments radiative forcing by ~0.33 W m−2 at the top of the atmosphere. The stratospheric intrusions are associated with the eastward‐moving wave train (composed of cyclonic and anticyclonic circulations) in the upper troposphere emanating from the anomalously warm east Pacific, traversing towards NI‐TP locale. This wave train transport extra‐tropical cold air mass, producing an anomalous cooling of ~1.6–2 K in the upper troposphere over NI‐TP. The upper tropospheric anomalous cooling seems to act as a dominating factor opposing the heating due to enhanced ozone. The wave train likewise intensifies Rossby wave breaking, facilitating stratospheric intrusions, enhancing the anomalous subsidence over the NI‐TP region. Our analysis shows that break days with El Niño substantiate with simultaneous occurrence of (a) RWB, (b) transport of cold air mass via WT‐1 and (c) subsidence by El Niño circulation. These factors lead to exacerbation of deficit rainfall.
Development of petite bourgeoisie commercial landscapes in China’s historic towns: a perspective from tourists’ taste and distinction

ABSTRACT This study investigates the emergence and development of petite bourgeoisie commercial landscapes (PBCL) in China’s historic towns. Particularly, Bourdieu’s theory of taste and distinction is adopted to analyse the influence of tourists’ taste on the evolution of PBCL. The data were obtained through semi-structured interview in Xitang Historic Town. Results indicate that tourists can be classified into petite bourgeoisie tourists and mass tourists according to their class. Petite bourgeoisie tourists have emerged as consumers and producers in the evolution of PBCL. In contrast, the consuming behaviour of mass tourists appeared symbolic and conspicuous. When more mass tourists began to imitate petite bourgeoisie tourists, the latter may escape to maintain their class privilege but they did not due to the limited availability of petite bourgeoisie destinations. Instead, they revisited Xitang, but upgraded their tastes to distinguish themselves from mass tourists. This finding shows that the transformation of a destination whose development was driven primarily by petite bourgeoisie tourists into one that is shared with or even engulfed by mass tourists does not necessarily lead to the decline of the destination, but can promote its tourism development. This finding extends Plog’s psychographics model and provides evidence that psychographic segmentation may be dynamic.
A dual role for SAMHD1 in regulating HBV cccDNA and RT-dependent particle genesis

Our study highlights a dual role for SAMHD1 in regulating hepatitis B virus cccDNA levels and reverse transcriptase–dependent particle genesis. Chronic hepatitis B is one of the world’s unconquered diseases with more than 240 million infected subjects at risk of developing liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B virus reverse transcribes pre-genomic RNA to relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) that comprises the infectious particle. To establish infection of a naïve target cell, the newly imported rcDNA is repaired by host enzymes to generate covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which forms the transcriptional template for viral replication. SAMHD1 is a component of the innate immune system that regulates deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate levels required for host and viral DNA synthesis. Here, we show a positive role for SAMHD1 in regulating cccDNA formation, where KO of SAMHD1 significantly reduces cccDNA levels that was reversed by expressing wild-type but not a mutated SAMHD1 lacking the nuclear localization signal. The limited pool of cccDNA in infected Samhd1 KO cells is transcriptionally active, and we observed a 10-fold increase in newly synthesized rcDNA-containing particles, demonstrating a dual role for SAMHD1 to both facilitate cccDNA genesis and to restrict reverse transcriptase-dependent particle genesis.
Developing indicators of creative and productive leadership for basic education school administrators

This research was conducted to develop indicators and test the congruence of structural relationship model and the indicator concurrent validity of creative and productive leadership for basic education school administrators. The first phase was creation of framework and outlining factors as well as indicators by focus group discussion with 9 experts selected by purposive sampling. The second phase was creation and developing indicator. A sample of 630 people was selected by multistage sampling composed of educational administrators, school administrators, and teachers in schools under the Office of the Basic Education and the same sample of 802 people in the third phase. The third phase was congruence examination of structural relationship model of indicators with empirical data. The fourth phase involves checking concurrent validity of indicators with known-group. A sample of 139 people was implemented comprising administrators. Research instrument were focus group discussion and questionnaire. A software package was used in statistical analysis. The results showed that: Indicators of creative and productive leadership for basic education school administrators consisted with 46 indicators of 5 main factors in descending order: Production (PRO) (s = 0.991), participation (PAR) (s = 0.981), adaptation (ADA) (s = 0.933), creation (CRE) (s = 0.894), and discretion (DIS) (s = 0.677). The model fit to empirical data: Chi-Square (χ2) = 871.021, df = 859, p-value = 0.3803, CFI = 1.000, TLI = 1.000, RMSEA = 0.004, SRMR = 0.017, and χ2/df = 1.014 and all indicators had concurrent validity showing the level of statistical significance of 0.01. Key words: Creative and productive leadership, indicators.
The role of glycogen in development and adult fitness in Drosophila

ABSTRACT The polysaccharide glycogen is an evolutionarily conserved storage form of glucose. However, the physiological significance of glycogen metabolism on homeostatic control throughout the animal life cycle remains incomplete. Here, we describe Drosophila mutants that have defective glycogen metabolism. Null mutants of glycogen synthase (GlyS) and glycogen phosphorylase (GlyP) displayed growth defects and larval lethality, indicating that glycogen plays a crucial role in larval development. Unexpectedly, however, a certain population of larvae developed into adults with normal morphology. Semi-lethality in glycogen mutants during the larval period can be attributed to the presence of circulating sugar trehalose. Homozygous glycogen mutants produced offspring, indicating that glycogen stored in oocytes is dispensable for embryogenesis. GlyS and GlyP mutants showed distinct metabolic defects in the levels of circulating sugars and triglycerides in a life stage-specific manner. In adults, glycogen as an energy reserve is not crucial for physical fitness and lifespan under nourished conditions, but glycogen becomes important under energy stress conditions. This study provides a fundamental understanding of the stage-specific requirements for glycogen metabolism in the fruit fly. Summary: Analyses of genetic null mutations in glycogen metabolism enzymes reveal that glycogen is not essential for adult emergence and fertility but has stage-specific requirements in Drosophila.