Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Factor Structure of Grit: A Commentary on Duckworth and Quinn (2009)

Abstract This commentary addresses debate over the factor structure of the Grit Scale in both its original and short forms. Commonly (and in our own work), factor solutions are used to establish dimensionality of the construct being measured. For example, a two-factor hierarchical model was proposed for the Short Grit Scale. It has since been pointed out, correctly, that the specified model cannot be distinguished from a model with two correlated subfactors and no higher-order factor. In this commentary, we acknowledge the mathematical equivalence of these specifications and our error in interpretation. However, we also take the opportunity to admit a more profound correction. It is now clear to us that statistical answers cannot definitively settle certain theoretical riddles, and our argument for grit as a compound of related but distinct dispositions should not have relied so heavily on the optimal factor solution for a questionnaire devised to assess it. Rather, a conceptual question demands a conceptual answer, which we briefly attempt here. We conclude by noting the need for improved operationalizations of the tendency to stay committed to goals for years (passion) while working assiduously toward their achievement (perseverance).
Telomere dysfunction instigates inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease

Significance Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic debilitating condition with limited treatment options. Recently, we found that telomerase reactivation can ameliorate intestinal inflammation in a mouse model of IBD through the regulation of the YAP1/pro-IL-18 axis. This study aims to validate the therapeutic potential of this axis genetically and with the use of small molecule activators and inhibitors in the intestinal epithelium of IBD patients. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition driven by diverse genetic and nongenetic programs that converge to disrupt immune homeostasis in the intestine. We have reported that, in murine intestinal epithelium with telomere dysfunction, DNA damage-induced activation of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) results in ATM-mediated phosphorylation and activation of the YAP1 transcriptional coactivator, which in turn up-regulates pro-IL-18, a pivotal immune regulator in IBD pathogenesis. Moreover, individuals with germline defects in telomere maintenance genes experience increased occurrence of intestinal inflammation and show activation of the ATM/YAP1/pro-IL-18 pathway in the intestinal epithelium. Here, we sought to determine the relevance of the ATM/YAP1/pro-IL-18 pathway as a potential driver of IBD, particularly older-onset IBD. Analysis of intestinal biopsy specimens and organoids from older-onset IBD patients documented the presence of telomere dysfunction and activation of the ATM/YAP1/precursor of interleukin 18 (pro-IL-18) pathway in the intestinal epithelium. Employing intestinal organoids from healthy individuals, we demonstrated that experimental induction of telomere dysfunction activates this inflammatory pathway. In organoid models from ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease patients, pharmacological interventions of telomerase reactivation, suppression of DNA damage signaling, or YAP1 inhibition reduced pro-IL-18 production. Together, these findings support a model wherein telomere dysfunction in the intestinal epithelium can initiate the inflammatory process in IBD, pointing to therapeutic interventions for this disease.
DeepGraphGO: graph neural network for large-scale, multispecies protein function prediction

Abstract Motivation Automated function prediction (AFP) of proteins is a large-scale multi-label classification problem. Two limitations of most network-based methods for AFP are (i) a single model must be trained for each species and (ii) protein sequence information is totally ignored. These limitations cause weaker performance than sequence-based methods. Thus, the challenge is how to develop a powerful network-based method for AFP to overcome these limitations. Results We propose DeepGraphGO, an end-to-end, multispecies graph neural network-based method for AFP, which makes the most of both protein sequence and high-order protein network information. Our multispecies strategy allows one single model to be trained for all species, indicating a larger number of training samples than existing methods. Extensive experiments with a large-scale dataset show that DeepGraphGO outperforms a number of competing state-of-the-art methods significantly, including DeepGOPlus and three representative network-based methods: GeneMANIA, deepNF and clusDCA. We further confirm the effectiveness of our multispecies strategy and the advantage of DeepGraphGO over so-called difficult proteins. Finally, we integrate DeepGraphGO into the state-of-the-art ensemble method, NetGO, as a component and achieve a further performance improvement. Availability and implementation https://github.com/yourh/DeepGraphGO. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
COVID‐19 preparedness in aged care: A qualitative study exploring residential aged care facility managers experiences planning for a pandemic

Abstract Aims and Objectives The study aims to understand the changing context of RACFs and the role of RACF managers in preparing to confront the COVID‐19 pandemic and to provide insights into how the use of visual telehealth consultation might be incorporated to assist with managing whatever might arise. Design An interpretive descriptive study design was employed, and data were collected using semi‐structured interviews conducted via telephone or videoconference. Purposive recruitment targeted clinical managers responsible for the COVID‐19 response in RACFs. Methods RACF clinical managers were invited to discuss their responses to COVID‐19 including the management of RACF and staff. Semi‐structured interviews explored the COVID‐19‐related challenges, the response to these challenges and how telehealth might assist in overcoming some of these challenges. This study followed Thorne's (2008) three‐stage process of interpretive description. The COREQ checklist was used in preparing this manuscript. Results Two main themes were identified. The first theme ‘keeping people safe’ was comprised of three subthemes; fear and uncertainty, managing the risks and retaining and recruiting staff. The second theme was ‘keeping people connected’, had two subthemes; being disconnected and isolated and embracing technology. Conclusion Findings from this study provide valuable insight into understanding the context and the challenges for RACFs and the staff as they attempt to keep residents safe and connected with healthcare providers and the outside world. Relevance to Clinical Practice Understanding the experiences of RACF managers in preparing to respond to the pandemic will better inform practice development in aged care in particular the use of telehealth and safe practices during COVID‐19. Increased awareness of the challenges faced by RACFs during a pandemic provides policymakers with valuable insights for future planning of pandemic responses.
Synthesis and catalytic activity of palladium complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and 1,4,7-triaza-9-phosphatricyclo[5.3.2.1]tridecane (CAP) ligands.

The synthesis and characterization of novel palladium complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and 1,4,7-triaza-9-phosphatricyclo[5.3. 2.1]tridecane (CAP) are reported. These organometallic complexes can be easily obtained using two different synthetic strategies that involve either the substitution of the pyridine ligand from trans-[Pd(NHC)(Py)Cl2] or by simple addition of the CAP ligand to dimeric species [Pd(NHC)Cl2]2. The mixed NHC/CAP complexes were tested as pre-catalysts in the Buchwald-Hartwig aryl amination coupling, showing good catalytic activity, especially in the case of cis-[Pd(IPr)(CAP)Cl2].
Evaluation of the Effects of Remdesivir and Hydroxychloroquine on Viral Clearance in COVID-19

In an add-on study of the WHO Solidarity trial, Norwegian investigators examined the effect of remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine on the degree of clinical respiratory failure, on SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the oropharynx, and on levels of inflammatory variables in plasma or serum.
A simple method of hiPSCs differentiation into insulin-producing cells is improved with vitamin C and RepSox

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are considered a promising source of pancreatic β-cells for the treatment of diabetes. However, this approach is limited by issues such as low efficiency and high cost. Here, we have developed a new protocol to induce insulin-producing cells. To reduce costs, we decreased the number of reagents and replaced protein reagents with chemical compounds. In this method, we increased induction efficiency with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and an ALK5 inhibitor, RepSox. In 2D culture, the majority of cells were immature β-cells with low glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Transferring to 3D culture immediately after endocrine progenitor cell differentiation, however, improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. This simplified method will contribute to realizing transplantation therapy of β-cells using iPSCs.
Integrating Reasoned Action Approach and Message Sidedness in the Era of Misinformation: The Case of HPV Vaccination Promotion

ABSTRACT Building upon extant research on the reasoned action approach and message sidedness, this study investigates the persuasive effects of one-sided and two-sided social media messages on the attitude about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in the context of misinformation. Results of a controlled experiment (N = 251) indicated that compared to the control, one-sided messages addressing misinformation increased positive attitude about the vaccine as prior misperceptions increased. However, a backfire effect may be looming for individuals with lower prior misperceptions. Within the sidedness conditions, refutational two-sided messages were more effective in increasing cognitive attitude for individuals with lower misperceptions; whereas one-sided messages had a persuasive advantage for individuals with higher misperceptions. Theoretical and practical contributions are discussed.
Incremental shuttle walk test: is it able to detect exercise-induced bronchospasm in young adult asthmatics?

Abstract Objective To determine the accuracy of incremental Shuttle Walking Test (ISWT) in detecting exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) in adults with asthma and to verify whether there is an association of the drop in FEV1 between ISWT and cardiopulmonary exercise testing with constant-load CPET-CL. Methods In this cross-sectional study 32 individuals with asthma performed two ISWTs, an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET-I) and a constant-load cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET-CL) with na interval of 48 h between tests. Spirometric measurements were obtained 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min after exercise; an FEV1 decline > 10% was considered EIB. Results Fifteen individuals had EIB in both tests [χ2 = 9.41; κ = 0.46 p < 0.002 (95% CI: 0.201-0.708)], with moderate agreement. There was a significant correlation between the greatest variation in the drop in FEV1 between the ISWT and the CPET-CL (r = 0.48; p < 0.01). There was a significant difference for ventilation maintenance time above 40% of Maximum Voluntary Ventilation between the groups of positive EIB (p = 0.001) and negative EIB (p = 0.001) and for ventilatory demand (positive EIB group) (p = 0.008) between ISWT vs CPET-CL. Moreover, assuming CPET-CL as the criterion test, ISWT presented a sensitivity of 62.5% and specificity was 100%. Conclusion ISWT showed moderate accuracy in detecting EIB in adults with asthma and was able to show similar metabolic and ventilatory demand presented in CPET-CL.
Two species, one island: Retrospective analysis of threatened fauna translocations with divergent outcomes

Translocations are globally a popular tool used with the intention of improving threatened species conservation and re-establishing ecosystem function. While practitioners strive for successful outcomes the failure rate of translocations continues to be high. We demonstrate how predictive modelling can contribute to more informed decision making and hence potentially improve the success rate of translocation programs. Two species, the Djoongari (Shark Bay mouse) Pseudomys fieldi and the golden bandicoot Isoodon auratus barrowensis, were introduced independently to Doole Island in the Exmouth Gulf of Western Australia. We used population viability analysis to critique the outcomes of these translocations and provide an example of how this tool can be incorporated with expert knowledge to predict likely outcomes of translocations. Djoongari did not establish on the island after seven translocations over nine years, while golden bandicoots established a population after just one release event. Retrospective population viability analysis (of data that was unavailable prior to the translocations) predicted and clarified the reasons behind the outcomes of both translocations. Golden bandicoots have considerably higher demographic plasticity than Djoongari, which were never likely to establish on the island. We conclude that the failure of the Djoongari translocation was due to interactions between sparse habitat, native predators and cyclonic storm surges, whereas golden bandicoots have demonstrated habitat flexibility and an ability to recover from multiple natural disasters. As a result we (1) remind conservation planners of the importance of quantifying likely refuges and habitat availability at release sites, (2) suggest practitioners consider how different threats (including natural disasters) may interact at potential release sites and (3) advocate for the incorporation of predictive modelling during the planning stages of translocations, particularly for conservation introductions where no precedent exists for the species’ survival at a particular location.
Mental disorders in the media: A retrospective study of newspaper coverage in the Chilean Press

Background: The mass media are relevant in shaping the population’s attitudes towards mental disorders. In low- and middle-income countries there is little information about the portrayal of people with mental disorders in the mass media. Aim: The general objective of the study was to assess the tone and content of Chilean newspaper articles about mental disorder from 2000 to 2019. Method: The digital editions of four national circulation Chilean newspapers were intentionally selected. The search engine Google News was used to identify and retrieve the news. To evaluate the news, a standardised codebook was administered. A total of 385 news were evaluated. Results: The results show that a large proportion of the news items has an overall positive/optimistic tone 43.5% and 57.5% does not stigmatise; however, only 18.4% emphasises recovery as part of the content. The highest percentages of news stigmatising in tone and content are observed for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Furthermore, the experts are quoted much more frequently than people diagnosed with mental disorders or their families and/or friends. When comparing by years there is a trend towards general decrease in stigmatisation, moving towards a more positive or optimistic view of mental health, Conclusions: In general, low stigmatisation towards mental disorders was found in the news and this was reduced steadily over time. Although there are aspects to improve in some particular areas, suggesting that manifest stigma has diminished, but more subtle forms still remain.
QuantifyPoly(A): reshaping alternative polyadenylation landscapes of eukaryotes with weighted density peak clustering

The dynamic choice of different polyadenylation sites in a gene is referred to as alternative polyadenylation, which functions in many important biological processes. Large-scale messenger RNA 3' end sequencing has revealed that cleavage sites for polyadenylation are presented with microheterogeneity. To date, the conventional determination of polyadenylation site clusters is subjective and arbitrary, leading to inaccurate annotations. Here, we present a weighted density peak clustering method, QuantifyPoly(A), to accurately quantify genome-wide polyadenylation choices. Applying QuantifyPoly(A) on published 3' end sequencing datasets from both animals and plants, their polyadenylation profiles are reshaped into myriads of novel polyadenylation site clusters. Most of these novel polyadenylation site clusters show significantly dynamic usage across different biological samples or associate with binding sites of trans-acting factors. Upstream sequences of these clusters are enriched with polyadenylation signals UGUA, UAAA and/or AAUAAA in a species-dependent manner. Polyadenylation site clusters also exhibit species specificity, while plants ones generally show higher microheterogeneity than that of animals. QuantifyPoly(A) is broadly applicable to any types of 3' end sequencing data and species for accurate quantification and construction of the complex and dynamic polyadenylation landscape and enables us to decode alternative polyadenylation events invisible to conventional methods at a much higher resolution.
Impact of yoga intervention on menopausal symptoms‐specific quality of life and changes in hormonal level among menopausal women

The menopause transition is experienced by women often involves troublesome symptoms due to changes in the level of reproductive hormones. Non‐hormonal therapies are more commonly accepted by women than hormonal therapy for coping with the climacteric symptoms. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of yoga practice on menopausal symptoms, specific quality of life, and changes in hormonal levels among menopausal women.
A meta-analysis of effects of dietary seaweed on beef and dairy cattle performance and methane yield

There has been considerable interest in the use of red seaweed, and in particular Asparagopsis taxiformis, to increase production of cattle and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We hypothesized that feeding seaweed or seaweed derived products would increase beef or dairy cattle performance as indicated by average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency measures, milk production, and milk constituents, and reduce methane emissions. We used meta-analytical methods to evaluate these hypotheses. A comprehensive search of Google Scholar, Pubmed and ISI Web of Science produced 14 experiments from which 23 comparisons of treatment effects could be evaluated. Red seaweed (Asparagopsis taxiformis) and brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) were the dominant seaweeds used. There were no effects of treatment on ADG or dry matter intake (DMI). While there was an increase in efficiency for feed to gain by 0.38 kg per kg [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.56; P = 0.001] on DerSimonian and Laird (D&L) evaluation, neither outcome was significant using the more rigorous robust regression analysis (P >0.06). The type of seaweed used was not a significant covariable for ADG and DMI, but A. nodosum fed cattle had lesser feed to gains efficiency compared to those fed A. taxiformis. Milk production was increased with treatment on weighted mean difference (WMD; 1.35 ± 0.44 kg/d; P <0.001); however, the SMD of 0.45 was not significant (P = 0.111). Extremely limited data suggest the possibility of increased percentages of milk fat (P = 0.040) and milk protein (P = 0.001) on (D&L) WMD evaluation. The limited data available indicate dietary supplementation with seaweed produced a significant and substantial reduction in methane yield by 5.28 ± 3.5 g/kg DMI (P = 0.003) on D&L WMD evaluation and a D&L SMD of −1.70 (P = 0.001); however, there was marked heterogeneity in the results (I2 > 80%). In one comparison, methane yield was reduced by 97%. We conclude that while there was evidence of potential for benefit from seaweed use to improve production and reduce methane yield more in vivo experiments are required to strengthen the evidence of effect and identify sources of heterogeneity in methane response, while practical applications and potential risks are evaluated for seaweed use.
Acute Effects of Parallel Back Squat Performed in Different Set Configurations on Neuromuscular Performance

Abstract We compared the acute effects of parallel back squat performed from different resistance training configurations on neuromuscular performance. Twenty-eight young adults underwent 4 experimental conditions: inter-repetition rest, traditional, traditional to failure, and rest-pause in the parallel back squat in a randomized, counterbalanced, and cross-over design. The neuromuscular performance was assessed through peak torque of knee extensors and flexors at two angular velocities (90 and 120 º/s) in three moments (before, post, and post-30 min). The peak torque of the knee extensors and flexors at 90 and 120 º/s decreased immediately after training for traditional, traditional to failure, and rest-pause (–8.1% to –17.7%, P<0.001). A greater reduction in the extensor peak torque was found at 120 º/s (P<0.05) in the rest-pause (–17.7%) when compared to traditional (–10.8%). The peak torque returned to baseline values only at post-30 min for the traditional configuration for the knee flexion action at 120 º/s. The peak torque remained similar for the muscular actions and angular velocities for the inter-repetition rest (P>0.05). Our results suggest the inter-repetition rest configuration seems to be a more appropriate strategy for maintaining the lower limb neuromuscular performance after a resistance training session.
The Impact of Parenting Style on Attitudes toward Masturbation: A Latent Profile Analysis

Abstract Parents play a vital role in the development of their children’s sexual attitudes and behaviors; however, little is known about the impact of parenting on masturbation attitudes. The present study aimed to explore the role of discussions with parents about attitudes toward masturbation. Additionally, latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to determine whether subgroups of exposure to distinct parenting styles exist, and if so, the extent to which they are related to the formation of masturbation attitudes. A convenience sample of 279 university students aged 18–21 completed an anonymous self-report survey. Participants who had not discussed masturbation with their parents reported significantly more negative attitudes than those who had discussed it. In general, participants who perceived their parents to be high in both rejection and control reported more negative attitudes toward masturbation than participants whose parents were lower in rejection and lower in control. The LPA revealed three parenting profiles that were differentially related to young adults’ masturbation attitudes: Permissive Parenting, Typical Parenting, and Authoritarian Parenting. An exploratory analysis found that female participants endorsed fewer negative attitudes toward masturbation than their male counterparts. Bayesian statistics were used to improve the interpretation of the data, allow for more meaningful and accurate conclusions, and provide converging evidence with the null hypothesis significance testing results. Implications and limitations are discussed within the context of current masturbation and parenting style research.