Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entanglement entropy of Wilson loops: Holography and matrix models

© 2014 American Physical Society. A half-Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfeld circular Wilson loop in N=4 SU(N) supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in an arbitrary representation is described by a Gaussian matrix model with a particular insertion. The additional entanglement entropy of a spherical region in the presence of such a loop was recently computed by Lewkowycz and Maldacena using exact matrix model results. In this paper we utilize the supergravity solutions that are dual to such Wilson loops in a representation with order N2 boxes to calculate this entropy holographically. Employing the matrix model results of Gomis, Matsuura, Okuda and Trancanelli we express this holographic entanglement entropy in a form that can be compared with the calculation of Lewkowycz and Maldacena. We find complete agreement between the matrix model and holographic calculations.
Candidate Susceptibility Genes for Powdery and Downy Mildew inWatermelon and Squash

Powdery mildew (PM) caused by Podosphaera xanthii and downy mildew (DM) caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis are two of the most economically important diseases for watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and squash (Cucurbita pepo, C. maxima and C. moschata). Traditional breeding for resistance to PM and DM is resource intensive, often requiring decades’ long phenotyping and selection processes. As an alternative, durable and broad-spectrum resistance to PM and DM can be obtained through loss-of-function of susceptibility genes in elite breeding material. Susceptibility genes for PM [Mildew-Locus-O (MLO) and Powdery Mildew Resistance (PMR)] and DM [Downy Mildew Resistance (DMR)] have been functionally proven in model plant species. Previous studies have reported candidate MLO genes for C. lanatus and C. pepo, but none for C. maxima and C. moschata. On the contrary, no PMR or DMR candidate genes have been identified for C. lanatus or any of the Cucurbita species. The current study used bioinformatics approaches based on sequence similarity, phylogenetic relationships and presence of conserved domains to predict candidate MLO genes in C. maxima and C. moschata and PMR and DMR genes in C. lanatus, C. pepo, C. maxima and C. moschata. Four MLO homologs in C. maxima and five in C. moschata clustered within Clade V, a clade containing all MLO susceptibility genes in dicots, and had highly conserved transmembrane domains and C-terminal PM interaction motif. Sixty-three candidate PMR genes were identified among the four species, 16 of which had close similarity to functionally proven PMR homologs in model species. Similarly, 37 candidate DMR genes were identified 12 among which clustered with functionally proven DMR homologs in model species. Functional analysis of the genes identified in the current study will reveal their role in pathogenesis and assess their potential for manipulation through gene editing methods to generate novel resistant plant genotypes.
Mid-infrared spectrometry: A tool for the determination of chemical parameters in Emmental cheeses produced during winter

Cette etude traite du potentiel d'utilisation de la spectroscopie moyen infrarouge en mode transmission pour la determination de certains parametres chimiques des fromages Emmental europeens. Un total de 91 fromages Emmental de production hivernale, provenant de : Autriche (n = 4), Finlande (n = 6), Allemagne (n = 13), France (n = 30) et Suisse (n = 38) ont ete analyses. La matiere grasse, l'azote total, l'azote soluble, l'azote non proteique, le chlorure de sodium et le pH ont ete determines par les methodes de references. La spectroscopie moyen infrarouge en mode transmission a ete, egalement, appliquee aux differents fromages en utilisant un spectrometre (Nicolet Magna 750) et ce, entre 4000-600 cm -1 . La methode aux moindres carres partiels avec validation croisee a ete utilisee pour developper des modeles de calibration, et ce pour tous les parametres chimiques. Les meilleurs resultats pour l'azote non proteique (R 2 = 0,85 ; ratio de la deviation moyenne a la racine carre de prediction (RPD) = 2,58), pH (R 2 = 0,82 ; RPD = 2,34), azote soluble (R 2 = 0,80 ; RPD = 2,26), chlorure de sodium (R 2 = 0,70 ; RPD = 1,91), matiere grasse (R 2 = 0,69 ; RPD = 1,87), azote total (R 2 = 0,62 ; RPD = 1,60), rapport azote soluble/azote total (R 2 = 0.83; RPD = 2,81) et du rapport azote soluble/ azote non proteique (R 2 = 0,57; RPD = 1,52) ont ete obtenus lorsque la premiere derivee a ete appliquee aux spectres normes et lisses. La spectroscopie moyen infrarouge en mode transmission peut etre consideree comme une technique appropriee pour la determination des teneurs en azote non proteique, azote soluble, du rapport azote soluble/azote total et du pH des fromages Emmental europeens. Les teneurs en NaCl, azote total, du rapport azote soluble/azote non proteique et en matiere grasse peuvent etre egalement predites, mais avec une precision beaucoup faible.
Flash flood detection through a multi-stage probabilistic warning system for heavy precipitation events

Abstract. The deadly combination of short to no warning lead times and the vulnerability of urbanized areas makes flash flood events extremely dangerous for the modern society. This paper contributes to flash flood early warning by proposing a multi-stage warning system for heavy precipitation events based on threshold exceedances within a probabilistic framework. It makes use of meteorological products at different resolutions, namely, numerical weather predictions (NWP), radar-NWP blending, and radar nowcasting. The system is composed by two main modules. First, a European Precipitation Index based on a simulated Climatology (EPIC) and probabilistic weather forecasts is calculated to pinpoint catchments at risk of upcoming heavy precipitation. Then, a Probabilistic Flash Flood Guidance System (PFFGS) is activated at the regional scale and uses more accurate input data to reduce the estimation uncertainty. The system is tested for a high flow event occurred in Catalonia (Spain) in November 2008 and results from the different meteorological input data are compared and discussed. The strength of coupling the two systems is shown in its ability to detect areas potentially at risk of severe meteorological conditions and then monitoring the evolution by providing more accurate information with higher spatial-temporal resolution as the event approaches.
Effect of Sodium Chloride on Tropane Alkaloids Accumulation and Proline content in Datura metel and D. stramonium callus cultures.

Plant tissue culture techniques were used to study the effect of NaCl on tropane alkaloids accumulation and proline content of both Datura metel and Datura stramonium. Callus cultures were established for both Datura species. However, MS medium supplemented with 1mg/l of both BA and NAA was the best for callus production in D. metel, while MS supplemented with 3 mg/l Kin and 1 mg/l 2, 4-D was the optimal medium for callus production in D. stramonium. Five NaCl concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 mM) were used to test its effect on tropane alkaloids and proline contents in the produced callus. Total tropane alkaloids were extracted from both control and salt-treated calli and analyzed using HPLC. At 125 mM NaCl scopolamine and atropine concentrations recorded 8.5 and 11.5 folds higher than control of D. metel, while they recorded 2.5 and 3.5 fold higher than control of D. stramonium after one month of culture. Peroxidase activity was determined and results showed that D. metel recorded the highest enzyme activity at 100mM NaCl concentration, while D. stramonium callus showed the highest activity at 75mM NaCl. Proline content was increased by salinity in the rate of 0.326mM proline/25mM NaCl in D. metel, and in the rate of 0.1248 mM proline/25mM NaCl in D. stramonium. The results of this investigation showed that using plant tissue culture techniques to establish callus culture from both Datura species under NaCl stress is a powerful protocol for scopolamine and atropine accumulation improvement.
Simulation of Electromagnetic Flow Meters Using the Boundary Element Method

This paper presents the simulation and optimization of the magnet system of an electromagnetic flow meter. The boundary element method (BEM) is used to solve the corresponding 3D magnetostatic Maxwell equations. A Fredholm integral equation of the second kind for the “microscopic” current on the surface of the paramagnetic pole shoes of the magnet system is derived. Discretizing the integral equation leads to a much smaller linear system as an adequate finite element formulation of the problem. For selected examples we show how the dramatically reduced computing time and effort for mesh preparation facilitates a fast and cost-efficient optimization of the magnet system of the electromagnetic flow meter.
VALUES-BASED MANAGEMENT IN COOPERATIVE BANKS: BALANCING SELF-PERCEPTION WITH PUBLIC PERCEPTION?

The main target of cooperative banks is not to maximize profits but to jointly manage a business. With this in mind, assuming a stakeholder-oriented behavior of cooperative banks, we address whether cooperative banks consider multiple stakeholder values and take a sustainable governance approach. We conduct a content analysis of the annual reports of German cooperative banks, with reference to two research questions: Are the basic principles and values of cooperatives optimally realized and communicated to external stakeholders? Can cooperative banks comply with the requirements of the triple bottom line, namely the economic, environmental and social responsibility? We find that cooperative banks do not effectively communicate their cooperative values and thus inadequately manage to demonstrate the implementation of their core values. Yet cooperative banks avail of a sustainable business model that offers the potential of sustainable business conduct. ****
Nonlocal effects in thin 4H-SiC UV avalanche photodiodes

The avalanche multiplication and excess noise characteristics of 4H-SiC avalanche photodiodes with i-region widths of 0.105 and 0.285 /spl mu/m have been investigated using 230-365-nm light, while the responsivities of the photodiodes at unity gain were examined for wavelengths up to 375 nm. Peak unity gain responsivities of more than 130 mA/W at 265 nm, equivalent to quantum efficiencies of more than 60%, were obtained for both structures. The measured avalanche characteristics show that /spl beta/>/spl alpha/ and that the /spl beta///spl alpha/ ratio remains large even in thin 4H-SiC avalanche regions. Very low excess noise, corresponding to k/sub eff/<0.15 in the local noise model, where k/sub eff/=/spl alpha///spl beta/(/spl beta///spl alpha/) for hole (electron) injection, was measured with 365-nm light in both structures. Modeling the experimental results using a simple quantum efficiency model and a nonlocal description yields effective ionization threshold energies of 12 and 8 eV for electrons and holes, respectively, and suggests that the dead space in 4H-SiC is soft. Although dead space is important, pure hole injection is still required to ensure low excess noise in thin 4H-SiC APDs owing to /spl beta///spl alpha/ ratios that remain large, even at very high fields.
Analyzing The Violent Crime Patterns In Peninsular Malaysia : Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) Approach

The objective of this study is to analyze the spatial cluster of crime cases in Peninsular Malaysia by using the exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA). In order to identify and measure the spatial autocorrelation (cluster), Moran’s I index were measured. Based on the cluster analyses, the hot spot of the violent crime occurrence was mapped. Maps were constructed by overlaying hot spot of violent crime rate for the year 2001, 2005 and 2009. As a result, the hypothesis of spatial randomness was rejected indicating cluster effect existed in the study area. The findings reveal that crime was distributed nonrandomly, suggestive of positive spatial autocorrelation. The findings of this study can be used by the goverment, policy makers or responsible agencies to take any related action in term of crime prevention, human resource allocation and law enforcemant in order to overcome this important issue in the future.
The Impact of Working Capital Management on the Profitability of Smart Bags Limited Manufacturing Firm in Zimbabwe

Since the adoption of the multiple currencies, the Zimbabwean economy has been on a growth path, however liquidity challenges have been stifling further growth prompting most businesses to reposition themselves. With the liquidity situation worsening, it has become important for businesses to understand how working capital management, as a key business driver, is impacting performance of their businesses. This research project seeks to critically examine the impact of working capital management on the profitability of manufacturing firms in the multi currency environment in Zimbabwe using the case of Smart Bags (Pvt) Ltd. The paper makes an attempt to study the relationship between measures of working capital management efficiency and profitability. Original Research Article Ngendakumana et al.; BJEMT, 6(2): 102-111, 2015; Article no.BJEMT. 2015.046 103 The study is based on secondary data collected from [1,2]. The study was conducted using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis specifically Pearson’s correlation coefficient to measure the pair-wise association between dependent and independent variables. The study outlined the significant and non significant of the relationship between the dependent variable (profitability) and the independent ones. It was found that there is a weak negative correlation between Average Collection Period and profitability as well as between the Cash Conversion Cycle and profitability. It was also revealed that there is a weak positive relationship between Average Payment Period and profitability. According to the findings it was revealed that there is a strong positive relationship between Inventory Turnover Ratio and profitability as well as between a company’s liquidity and profitability. The study also revealed that there is a strong negative relationship between the debt ratio and profitability and also between a company’s aggressiveness of working capital financing policy and its profitability.
Restricting 32–128 km horizontal scales hardly affects the MJO in the Superparameterized Community Atmosphere Model v.3.0 but the number of cloud‐resolving grid columns constrains vertical mixing

The effects of artificially restricting the 32–128 km horizontal scale regime on MJO dynamics in the Superparameterized Community Atmosphere Model v.3. 0 have been explored through reducing the extent of its embedded cloud resolving model (CRM) arrays. Two and four‐fold reductions in CRM extent (from 128 to 64 km and 32 km) produce statistical composite MJO signatures with spatial scale, zonal phase speed, and intrinsic wind‐convection anomaly structure that are all remarkably similar to the standard SPCAM's MJO. This suggests that the physics of mesoscale convective organization on 32–128 km scales are not critical to MJO dynamics in SPCAM and that reducing CRM extent may be a viable strategy for 400% more computationally efficient analysis of superparameterized MJO dynamics. However several unexpected basic state responses caution that extreme CRM domain reduction can lead to systematic mean state issues in superparameterized models. We hypothesize that an artificial limit on the efficiency of vertical updraft mixing is set by the number of grid columns available for compensating subsidence in the embedded CRM arrays. This can lead to reduced moisture ventilation supporting too much liquid cloud and thus an overly strong cloud shortwave radiative forcing, particularly in regions of deep convection.
Managing knowledge in platforms: boundary objects and stocks and flows of knowledge

Previous research suggests that construction industry companies use relatively little formal managerial procedures when managing knowledge. Instead, many construction companies are relying on informal networks and social capital as conduits for the sharing of knowledge. However, objects play an important role in organizations as vehicles for the sharing of knowledge. The use of platforms, standardized packages of prescribed components, routines and practices, in a major Scandinavian construction company (SCC), demonstrates that platforms are potentially useful when sharing and accumulating knowledge. The platform concept is a boundary object integrating various functions and activities and standardizing work procedures while at the same time leaving some room for contingencies and local conditions. SCC’s use of platforms contributes to the understanding of knowledge sharing practices by emphasizing the role of formally enacted objects and tools and by underlining the need for bridging and bonding the stocks and flows of knowledge in construction companies.
Modeling, design, fabrication, and testing of InP Gunn devices in the D-band (110 GHz - 170 GHz)

The development of fundamental Gunn sources for D-band frequencies requires improvements of doping profiles, processing technology, and circuit design. We have developed a technology for fabricating InP Gunn diodes using an InGaAs etch-stop layer between the InP substrate and the device layers. The epitaxial layers were grown by CBE. During device processing, the substrate is completely removed. Substrateless devices with an n(+) InGaAs cap layer are expected to have reduced contact and series resistances, and skin effect losses. This technology gives better uniformity and control of the device geometry across the processed chip. InP Gunn devices with a 1.7 micron long active region (doping : 9 x 10(exp 15) cm(exp -3)) have been mounted on copper heat sinks. Two tapered leads were then bonded to the diode and to four quartz standoffs. As a preliminary result, an output power of 13 mW at 82 GHz was obtained. Based on these RF measurements, we determine appropriate material parameters to be used in the Ensemble Monte Carlo model. Subsequently, we use this model to design and evaluate the performance of InP Gunn Devices for D-band frequencies. Using the same technology, we are currently processing Gunn devices with a 1 micron long active region for operation at higher frequencies.
Arthroscopic double bundle, double branched tunnel anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Double bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is clinically better than single bundle reconstruction but it is more difficult, more complicated and less economic. This study presents a modified technique of double bundle reconstruction and assesses its clinical results. The reconstruction was done using the hamstring tendon autografts passed through branched tibial and femoral tunnels and fixed by only two interference screws (Arthrex); one at the femoral tunnel and one at the tibial tunnel. The study was carried out on forty nine patients in the period between March 2013 and April 2015 but completed on forty-four patients. The mean follow up period was 32.2 months (24.2 months: 48.3 months). The clinical assessment was done using side to side anterior laxity, pivot shift test, International Knee Documentation Committee and Lysholm scores. The results were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science software computer program version 17. It showed significant improvement of knee anterior laxity, pivot shift test, International Knee Documentation Committee score and Lysholm scores. The study concluded that gives statistically significant clinical results are obtained after arthroscopic double bundle, double branched tunnel anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and the technique could be considered a valid option of reconstruction.
Classification and distribution patterns of plant communities on Socotra Island, Yemen

Question: What are the main plant communities and vegetation zones on Socotra Island in relation to climatic, geological and topographic factors? Location: Socotra Island (Yemen). Methods: A total of 318 releves were sampled along an altitudinal gradient. Floristic and environmental (topographic, geological and climatic) data were collected and analysed using numerical classification and NDMS ordination; an analysis of the correlation between plant communities and environmental factors was also performed. Results: Eight types of woody vegetation, seven of shrubs, six of herbaceous and seven of halophytic vegetation were identified. Ordination revealed the importance of altitudinal and climatic gradients, as well as of geological
Dependence of non thermal plasma temperature on the plasma needle conditions

An atmospheric pressure helium plasma needle type is studied. The plasma isgenerated at (10-40) kHzat very low power levels. It is in contact with a single electrode and is part of a resonantelectric circuit. The plasma needle consists of glass tube and stainless steel tube concentrated inside it,they are used for guiding the gas flow. The stainless steel tube also serves as the electrode, which is connected to a high-voltage (HV) sub microsecond pulsed direct-current (dc) power supply (amplitudes of up to 40 kV). The stainless steel tube is made with different outer diameters (2.7,3.5,5,6)mm and the glass tube was made with different inner diameters(1,4.4,5.3,10.6)mm, the non thermal plasma temperature was measured as a function of high voltage frequency (up to 30 kHz), and distance from the needle nozzle, for different flow rate of the gas (1,2,3,4,5)l/minfor every stainless steel tube, The helium gas temperature was measured with a digital thermocouple having the "hot" junction covered with a plastic-cap. It is found that the plasma temperature increases with increasing frequency up to given frequency (nearly 15 kHz)and then slow down with increasing frequency, also it is found the maximum temperature measured at the nozzle of the needle (d=0) and the slow down slowly with distance. It is found the diameter of the cylindrical electrode did not had significant effect on the temperature of the plasma.
An investigation into the undergraduate dissertation tutorial as a Personal Development Planning (PDP) process to support learner development

The investigation discussed in this paper was motivated by a finding revealed through analysis of the dissertation grades of final year undergraduates on an education honours degree. A third of dissertations received grades equating to third class honours or fails and this was viewed by the Faculty as being unacceptable. As a Fellow of the UniversityA¢â¬â¢s Centre for Excellence in Teaching and Learning with a focus on personal development, I was asked by the course leader to identify possible causes and suggest changes. My critical reflection on the dissertation suggested that its creation is predicated upon Personal Development Planning (PDP) processes practised through the mediation of the tutorial. I am investigating the effectiveness of the tutorial to support learner development over a two year period, contributing to an overarching action research project undertaken by the National Action Research Network (NARN). This paper presents the outcomes of the first cycle of my action research, involving the collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data from students and dissertation supervisors. At this stage it appears that the design of the dissertation meets the needs of some students but not all, particularly the lower third of the sample cohort. Furthermore some students, including a number of thirds and fails, do not perceive tutorial support as essential for the successful completion of their dissertations. Overall, it appears that the tutorial process requires review in order to support the autonomous and/or collaborative learning needed for effective learner development.