Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Underlying Event at √ s = 500 GeV at STAR

The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) is the world’s first and only polarized proton beam collider. It allows for the measurement of spin dependent observables, which are crucial to resolve the elusive pieces of the proton spin puzzle. The underlying event (UE) is often interpreted as the set of all final state particles not associated with the initial hard-parton interaction. This is a combination of the beam remnants, the multiple parton interactions, and the initial and final state interactions [1]. It is vital to determine the effect these soft processes have in the measurements of hard interactions, which are theoretically calculable by perturbative QCD. The underlying event may be characterized experimentally on an event-by-event basis by defining regions based upon the azimuthal angle difference between the leading jet and outgoing particle ∆φ = φjet−φparticle. In this study the toward region is defined as |∆φ| < 60◦ , the away region |∆φ| > 120◦, and the transverse region 60◦ < |∆φ| < 120◦. The transverse region is also separated into two regions called transMax and transMin, which may provide insight on the initial and final state radiation contributions [1]. A schematic is shown in Fig. 1. The main observables for the charged particles are the transverse momentum sum and track multiplicity in each region. Likewise, for the neutral particles the main observables are the transverse energy sum and tower multiplicity in each region. These proceedings will focus on the charge track multiplicity as an example. In 2009 approximately 8.7 pb−1 of RHIC data from proton-proton collisions were taken at the Solenoid Tracker at RHIC (STAR) using for the first time, center of mass energies of 500 GeV. The STAR detector’s large acceptance in rapidity and full azimuthal coverage allows jet reconstruction using the Time Projection Chamber (TPC), Barrel (BEMC) and Endcap (EEMC) electromagnetic calorimeters [2] . Jets were constructed from the four-momenta of the charged particle tracks detected in the TPC (−1.3 < η < 1.3) and the electromagnetic energy deposits in the BEMC (−1.0 < η < 1.0). To prevent an overestimation of the jet energy a 100% subtraction scheme was implemented. This approach subtracts the track four-momentum from the four-momentum of the tower it struck. This avoids double-counting of energy from both hadronic showers and electrons in the jet. Simulations of this effect in PYTHIA/GEANT [3] [4] suggest that double-counting of energy is reduced from 20% to 5% for jets with transverse momentum in the range 5 < pT < 60
ABSDEApproach to aRisk-BasedOptimal Investment of an Insurer

We discuss a backward stochastic differential equation, (BSDE), approach to a risk-based, optimal investment problem of an insurer. A simplified continuous-time economy with two investment vehicles, namely, a fixed interest security and a share, is considered. The insurer’s risk process is modeled by a diffusion approximation to a compound Poisson risk process. The goal of the insurer is to select an optimal portfolio so as to minimize the risk described by a convex risk measure of his/her terminal wealth. The optimal investment problem is then formulated as a zero-sum stochastic differential game between the insurer and the market. The BSDE approach is used to solve the game problem. It leads to a simple and natural approach for the existence and uniqueness of an optimal strategy of the game problem without Markov assumptions. Closed-form solutions to the optimal strategies of the insurer and the market are obtained in some particular cases.
Mars Rover Landing Sites : Jezero Crater and NE 2

14 A hierarchical Bayesian classifier is trained at pixel scale with spectral data from 15 the CRISM (Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars) images. Its util16 ity in detecting small exposures of uncommon phases is demonstrated with new geologic 17 discoveries near the Mars-2020 rover landing site. Akaganeite is found in sediments on 18 the Jezero crater floor and in fluvial deposits at NE Syrtis. Jarosite and silica are found 19 on the Jezero crater floor while chlorite-smectite and Al phyllosilicates are found in the 20 Jezero crater walls. These detections point to a multi-stage, multi-chemistry history of 21 water in Jezero crater and the surrounding region and provide new information for guid22 ing the Mars-2020 rover’s landed exploration. In particular, the akaganeite, silica, and 23 jarosite in the floor deposits suggest either a later episode of salty, Fe-rich waters that 24 post-date the Jezero crater delta or groundwater alteration of portions of the Jezero crater 25 sedimentary sequence. 26
Fitting stochastic model into network traffic

This paper presents the results of fitting stochastic model into real network traffic. Accurate modeling of network traffic is the first step in optimizing resource allocation and Quality of Service requirements. Because measurements reveals presence of self-similarity and long-range dependence, unlike the models based on Poisson or Markov processes, fractional stochastic model seems to be a good approximation of network traffic, since it can capture both short-range and long-range dependence. A methods of generation as well as the model order selection and parameter estimation techniques will be presented and discussed.
Impact of court decisions on the future of diagnostics and personalized medicine

Intellectual property protection in the form of secured patents has played an integral role in the growth and advancement of the biotechnology industry. The protection of intellectual properties is considered very important asset in this evolving industry. As a result, patent disputes often end up in the courts with long lasting consequences. Here we examined two recent and highly publicized patent dispute cases, namely, Mayo Collaborative Services et al. v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc. (2012) and Association for Molecular Pathology et al. v. Myriad Genetics (2011), and wish to assess how the rulings will impact diagnostics and personalized medicine industries. In doing so, we learned that decisions involving patents are complex and interconnected, with previous court rulings influencing subsequent cases. It also became clear that in general, the biotechnology industry favored patent protection while healthcare providers and their patients favored less stringent patent protection. The case is made by the biotechnology industry that the current system has allowed both the diagnostics and personalized medicine industries to flourish. Patents are a crucial incentive that not only promotes but
J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 46, 245–249 (2000)

Long-chain a ,w-dicarboxylic acids (DCA) are versatile chemical intermediates useful as raw materials for the preparation of perfumes, polymers, and adhesives (Stephen, 1991). Various strains of Candida tropicalis are known to produce DCA ranging in chain lengths from C11 through C18 when cultured on alkanes or fatty acids as the carbon source. It has been established that the alkane degradation pathway exists in various microorganisms, notably the yeast Candida (Fig. 1). Following transport into the cell, n-alkane substrates are hydroxylated to fatty alcohols by a specific cytochrome P450 system (Buechler and Lowenastein, 1990), which is the key enzyme of a-oxidation and w-oxidation. Two further oxidation steps, catalysed by alcohol oxidase (Casey et al., 1990; Martine, 1997) and by aldehyde dehydrogenase, lead to the corresponding fatty acid (a-oxidation). The fatty acids can be further oxidized through the same pathway (w-oxidation) to the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. However, fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids can both be transmitted into microbodies by carnitine octanoyltransferase (COT), then degraded by the b-oxidation (Cronin, 1997; Sun et al., 1995). Whether the aim was to study biochemistry and genetics of the pathway or to exploit it by causing the acIsolation and enzyme determination of Candida tropicalis mutants for DCA production
NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE A Formula for the Concentration of Trajectories of Precipitation Particles at the Ground By Hirotada Kanehisal

An idealized precipitation process in a 3-dimensional unsteady mesoscale flow with a Boussinesq approximation is considered. The process is assumed as follows: Immediately after precipitation particles are generated, they attain such an equilibrium that they fall with a constant terminal vertical velocity relative to the flow, and their horizontal velocity is equal to that of the flow. The ground is in general not flat, and other forcings (e.g., thermal) may be included in order to induce the vertical flow velocity. Based on these assumptions, a simple formula describing the concentration of trajectories of precipitation particles at the ground is derived. In particular, in the case of a steady flow, the concentration (scattering) of trajectories occurs when w0 is positive (negative). Here w0 is the vertical flow velocity at the generation point of particles. In the case of an unsteady flow, the unsteadiness may suppress or enhance the concentration (scattering) of trajectories.
Do Korean chaebols practice noblesse oblige? Evidence from their CSR activities

This study analyzes the corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities of the Korean chaebols to establish whether these firms engage in social duties and practice noblesse oblige. To measure the extent of the CSR activities, we use the index of the Korean Economic Justice Institute (KEJI) from 2005 to 2017. We find that the level of the CSR activity among chaebol firms with weak governance is low. Moreover, we show that chaebol firms with credit rating concerns reduce their CSR activities. Overall, our results indicate that Korean chaebols tend to neglect the CSR activities. which contains owner and owner-family shares, from the control proportion, which contains the fraction of owner-friendly shares. Age is the age of firms. Size, Profit, Beta, R&D, Advertisement, Cash, and Investment are calculated as total sales with a natural logarithm, net income to total sales, market systematic risk, R&D cost to total sales, advertising cost to total sales, cash holdings scaled by total assets, and CAPEX scaled by total assets, respectively. Dividend is an indicator variable equal to one in the years in which a firm pays a common dividend, and zero otherwise. t-statistics are in pa-rentheses. The standard errors are adjusted for clustering at the firm level. The significance at the 5%, and 1% levels
Reciprocating versus Rotary instruments: a review

Objective: Literature started to point out essential parameters involving reciprocating instruments through clinical and laboratory essays. Looking into apical debris extrusion, incidence of instrument breakage, canal centering ability, apical zipping, a myriad of information has become available. The aim of this review is to revisit the literature and compare reciprocal and continuous rotation techniques. Methods: A review of current literature may collect recent findings. Conclusion: Reciprocating systems are similar in some aspects in comparison to rotational systems, with regards to cleaning ability, centered preparations, cleaning ability, reduction of Enterococcus faecalis and dentine defects. On the other hand, being single use and enhanced resistance to fatigue, together with novel methods to treat the alloy may lead to the thought that reciprocal systems are an excellent aid to root canal preparation. However, more needs to be understood about this new era of instruments to verify, long term and especially in vivo, the success and failure when these instruments are used.
Fe3+/ Σ Fe of olivine-hosted melt inclusions inferred from Mössbauer and XANES 1spectroscopy

during XANES analysis, which leads to an over-estimation of their Fe 3+ /ΣFe ratios. Here, we 26 determined Fe 3+ /ΣFe ratios in olivine-hosted melt inclusions from various arcs, MORB and OIB 27 localities by Mössbauer and XANES spectroscopy. A careful evaluation of beam damage 28 during XANES analysis was carried out with attentive investigation of XANES spectra and 29 time series collected on hydrous basaltic and basanitic glasses using different radiation doses. 30 Therefore, the Fe 3+ /ΣFe ratios obtained with these two methods on the same sample set allowed 31 us to constrain the oxidation state of those magmas by avoiding the effect of beam-induced 32 oxidation that may occur during XANES analysis. 33 Our results show that melt inclusions from MORBs, OIBs and arc basalts display mean 34 Fe 3+ /ΣFe ratios of 0.10 ± 0.05 (n=5), 0.13 ± 0.05 (n=2) and 0.25 ± 0.15 (n=19), respectively. 35 Mount Etna melt inclusions display a mean Fe 3+ /ΣFe ratio of 0.26 ± 0.05 (n=7). Therefore, they 36 confirm that arc magmas are more oxidized than those from hot spots and mid-ocean ridges. 37 Furthermore, they suggest that the range in the oxidation state observed in our melt inclusion 38 dataset may be linked to changes in the oxidation state of the mantle beneath arcs due to 39 subduction processes. Cu-Cu 2 The
The Relationship Between G DP and Consumption For China and India: An ARDL Bound Test Approach

3 Introduction.4 1 Background.6 2 Theory.8 2.1 Current income theories of consumption. 8 2.2 Normal income theories of consumption. 10 2.3 Earlier studies.13 3 Data.17 4 Methodology.18 4.1 ADF Unit Root Test.19 4.2 ARDL Bounding Test.20 4.3 Diagnostic Tests and Stability Test.22 5 Economic Modeling.23 6 Empirical Results.24 6.1 Unit Root Test.24 6.2 The Bounds Test.24 6.3 Results of long-run and short-run.24 6.4 Diagnostic Tests . 27 6.5 Analysis.28 7 Conclusions.30 References.32 Appendix.34 The Relationship Between G DP and Consumption For China and India: An ARDL Bound Test Approach
Comparison of Mathematical-based and ANN-based Models of a Coupled Industrial Tank System

Liquid tank systems play important role in industrial application such as in food processing, beverage, dairy, filtration, effluent treatment, pharmaceutical industry, water purification system, industrial chemical processing and spray coating. Recently, classical PID controller based on the linear model is widely used in controlling industrial liquid level control application. However aggressive performance requirements may not be achievable with this controller due to the presence of nonlinear dynamics inherent in the liquid control system and system parameter variations caused by for example corrosive build-up in liquid level systems creates variation of cross section areas of the tank and discharge orifice. In order to allow advanced controller which can deal with system nonlinearities, a nonlinear model of the tank system is required. This paper describes a comparison study of mathematical-based and artificial neural network-based model of a coupled industrial tank system including its nonlinearity. First, a non-linear mathematical model is developed and its parameters are identified using extended Kalman filter (EKF) based on the experimental data. Next, a multi layer feedforward neural network trained by using backpropagation learning algorithm is used to develop the system model based on the experimental data. A series of validation test is carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the both models. The results confirm that ANN-based model is more suitable model of the lab-scale industrial tank than EKF-based system.
6 Support as intervention in decision processes

People's activities tend to deviate in many ways from what are considered 'rati9na1' theories of decision making. In trying to interpret these deviations increasingly complex theories have been fonnulated. The deviations may also be interpreted, more simply, as a falsification of the method used for their study. This paper suggests a different approach to the study of decision making: decision theory should be considered as an element of the class of action languages, that is of languages that support the improvement of individual and collective actions.
Emotional Intelligence And Corona-Phobia: The Moderating Influence Of Age, Family And Gender

Application of emotional intelligence in daily activities is necessary in promoting positive relational and adaptive attitudes. This study explored emotional intelligence and corona-phobia and the moderating influence of the age, family and gender. It employed a descriptive survey research design and a total of two (200) hundred respondents participated in the study through the online monkey survey medium. The study adapted the Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) by Schutte, Malouff, Hall, Haggerty, Cooper, Golden and Dornheim (1998); Brief Family Relationship Scale by Moos and Moos, (1994); and the Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale by Lester (2018) for data collection. The five (5) hypotheses raised were tested at 0.05 level of significance and data were analyzed using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation and multiple regression. The study revealed that emotional intelligence has significant positive correlation on corona-phobia; it also confirmed the moderating influence of age, family and gender on corona-phobia while gender was the most potent influence. It was recommended that individuals should make deliberate efforts to build their skills on emotional intelligence as this facilitates individual coping ability with stress and its relatedness. Interventions for psychosocial preparedness were also suggested to reduce the negative impact that the outbreak of corona-phobia may have on individual’s mental health.
Seismic Design of Subsea Jumper per ISO:

Article History: Received: 28 Aug. 2020 Accepted: 14 Nov. 2020 Subsea rigid steel spools (spool) are used to connect subsea equipment using diverless connectors. Spools must meet functional requirements such as pressure, temperature, thermal expansion, environmental load, installation loads, lack of fit (misalignments), etc., yielding numerous loading conditions. The installation accuracy that the installation contractor can achieve is another issue. Thus, it is inevitable that numerous geometries to be investigated and perform several iterations in search of a suitable configuration. The no-burst concept, in conjunction with a High Integrity Pressure Protection (HIPP) system, leads to heavier spool wall thickness, hence less structural flexibility which in turn increases reactions on the subsea connectors, which in turn is transferred to the adjoining equipment. Add to this complexity, the seismic qualification requirement if a jumper is in an earthquake-prone area. This is the first part of a three-part paper that discusses experiences gained in designing spools in 500m of water. The primary focus of the paper is on seismic design, but other issues are discussed including loading & load combinations, increasing the structural flexibility without lowering the natural frequencies; limitation imposed by the subsea connectors, the neighboring equipment loads, and tolerances. Generally, the capacity envelope of connectors will govern most of the time. These papers build on the existing literature and liberally draws from them. The objective is to summarise and bring together existing research data needed to design subsea rigid spools.
The Effects of Peer Performance, Future Competitive Perfor- mance, and Factors of Correlation with Peer Companies on the Manipulation of Abnormal Real Operations

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of peer performance, future competitive performance, and factors of correlation with peer companies on the manipulation of abnormal real operations. The research units included the listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2013-2017. In total, 128 companies were selected as the sample population using the systematic elimination approach. Peer performance, future competitive performance, and factors of correlation with peer companies were the independent variables of the research, and the manipulation of abnormal real operations was considered the dependent variable. This was an applied research in terms of use and a correlational study regarding the methodology. Data were collected using the library method, and the explanatory notes, financial statements, and stock exchange monthly journal were considered in the data section. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to describe and summarize the collected data. Data analysis was performed using variance heterogeneity tests, F-Limer, Hausman, and Jarque and Bera tests, and multiple regression test for confirming or rejecting the research hypotheses in the EViews software. According to the results, peer performance, future competitive performance, and factors of correlation with peer companies affected the manipulation of abnormal real operations.
Design of a Deep Sea LiDAR System

Current subsea LiDAR implementations are inherently depth limited, and make LiDAR applications in the deep-sea costly. To this end, the SLiDAR project aims to develop a pressure tolerant LiDAR system for use at any ocean depth. This thesis elaborates the high-level system design of the LiDAR system, as well as the design and implementation of the laser pulse reception stage and the onboard central control unit. Due to the short time frame of the project and the high work load, the LiDAR system as a whole and its subsystems are not tested in practise. Hence, this thesis aims to provide a basis for future development, testing and verification of both the LiDAR system, its laser reception stage, and its central control unit.
Forest Fire reseArch

In order to assess the fire risk in Wildland-Urban Interfaces (WUIs) of SE France according to the environment of the housing, several descriptive parameters (ornamental species, types of vegetation adjoining the environment of the housing, types of fence, structure of the hedges and implementation of the regulation on brush-clearing) assumed to either increase or decrease the fire propagation, thus the fire risk, were surveyed according to the types of WUI (isolated, scattered, dense and very dense clustered), in two different locations (coastal and inland) of the study area (département Bouches du Rhône). The flammability of the most frequent ornamental species was assessed at the levels of live and dead surface fuels. Results showed that the two areas differed according to the main WUI type, the main ornamental species, the main type of fence, the main type of vegetation adjoining the environment of the housing. There was also a variation of these parameters between the different types of WUI, especially according to the ornamental species. The fire risk, assessed through the parameters surveyed and through the flammability of the main ornamental species, increased from the very dense and dense clustered WUIs to the isolated and scattered WUIs and from the coastal area to the inland area. The improvement of the knowledge on WUI environment at the small scale will allow an increase in the efficiency of the wildfire prevention targeting the areas most at risk.