Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scaling behaviour of in athletes and untrained individuals

Objective: The present study analysed the allometric relationship (MR = a · Mb) between human metabolic rate (MR), ranging from resting to maximal metabolic conditions, and body mass (M ), both in athletes of different specialization and untrained individuals. Subjects and methods: Two hundred and seventy male athletes and 43 untrained men performed a continuous incremental test to volitional exhaustion on a motorized treadmill. Metabolic rate (i.e. ) was measured during resting (), sub-maximal (walking at 5 km h−1 ; running at 7.5 km h−1 ; ventilatory anaerobic threshold ) and maximal exercise conditions (maximum oxygen uptake ). Results: A significant difference ( p < 0.001) in the MR–body mass relationships between athletes and controls was found. For the control group, the mass exponent b exhibited a non-significant ( p = 0.37) increase with increasing metabolic demand (b = 0.69, 0.76, 0.76, 0.84, and 0.89, for , , , , and , respectively). In contrast, the corresponding mass exponent for the athletic group significantly ( p < 0.01) decreased when moving from resting to maximal metabolic conditions (b = 0.98, 0.88, 0.80, 0.69, and 0.67). Conclusion: These results indicate that the recently proposed allometric cascade model may be valid in describing the scaling behaviour of MR in untrained individuals, but not in athletes of different specialization.
Double helix conformation, groove dimensions and ligand binding potential of a G/C stretch in B‐DNA.

The self‐complementary DNA fragment CCGGCGCCGG crystallizes in the rhombohedral space group R3 with unit cell parameters a = 54.07 A and c = 44.59 A. The structure has been determined by X‐ray diffraction methods at 2.2 A resolution and refined to an R value of 16.7%. In the crystal, the decamer forms B‐DNA double helices with characteristic groove dimensions: compared with B‐DNA of random sequence, the minor groove is wide and deep and the major groove is rather shallow. Local base pair geometries and stacking patterns are within the range commonly observed in B‐DNA crystal structures. The duplex bears no resemblance to A‐form DNA as might have been expected for a sequence with only GC base pairs. The shallow major groove permits an unusual crystal packing pattern with several direct intermolecular hydrogen bonds between phosphate oxygens and cytosine amino groups. In addition, decameric duplexes form quasi‐infinite double helices in the crystal by end‐to‐end stacking. The groove geometries and accessibilities of this molecule as observed in the crystal may be important for the mode of binding of both proteins and drug molecules to G/C stretches in DNA.
Suomi-NPP VIIRS lunar radiometric calibration observations

Lunar observations by the Suomi-NPP instrument VIIRS help improve our understanding of the radiometric calibration of the reflected solar bands (RSB). The spacecraft performs a scheduled roll maneuver approximately nine times per year to acquire lunar data at nearly constant phase angles. The instrument also captures lunar radiometric data at other times when the instrument Space View port serendipitously points at the Moon. In this paper, we present results only from the scheduled Moon observations, comparing the observed lunar irradiance to ROLO model results to provide calibration coefficients for each band, mirror side, and detector. These results can be evaluated directly to the primary RSB calibration method derived from the Solar Diffuser. This paper also discusses recent improvements to our methodology for measuring the lunar irradiance, including a new method for determining the lunar position within the field of view, an all-detector calibration methodology, and an assessment of the uncertainties in our lunar observations. This paper includes lunar observation data through June 2014.
FEATURE POINT EXTRACTION FROM LIDAR DATA USING A NEURAL NETWORK

Accurate positioning of vehicles plays an important role in autonomous driving. In our previous research on landmark-based positioning, poles were extracted both from reference data and online sensor data, which were then matched to improve the positioning accuracy of the vehicles. However, there are environments which contain only a limited number of poles. 3D feature points are one of the proper alternatives to be used as landmarks. They can be assumed to be present in the environment, independent of certain object classes. To match the LiDAR data online to another LiDAR derived reference dataset, the extraction of 3D feature points is an essential step. In this paper, we address the problem of 3D feature point extraction from LiDAR datasets. Instead of hand-crafting a 3D feature point extractor, we propose to train it using a neural network. In this approach, a set of candidates for the 3D feature points is firstly detected by the Shi-Tomasi corner detector on the range images of the LiDAR point cloud. Using a back propagation algorithm for the training, the artificial neural network is capable of predicting feature points from these corner candidates. The training considers not only the shape of each corner candidate on 2D range images, but also their 3D features such as the curvature value and surface normal value in z axis, which are calculated directly based on the LiDAR point cloud. Subsequently the extracted feature points on the 2D range images are retrieved in the 3D scene. The 3D feature points extracted by this approach are generally distinctive in the 3D space. Our test shows that the proposed method is capable of providing a sufficient number of repeatable 3D feature points for the matching task. The feature points extracted by this approach have great potential to be used as landmarks for a better localization of vehicles. * Corresponding author
Polyelectrolyte functionalized carbon nanotubes as a support for noble metal electrocatalysts and their activity for methanol oxidation

A highly effective polyelectrolyte functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA-MWCNTs) was employed for low temperature fuel cell applications. PDDA-MWCNTs were employed as support materials for the in situ deposition and formation of platinum nanoparticles, via the self-assembly between the negative Pt precursor and positively charged functional groups of PDDA-functionalized MWCNTs. The effect of the functionalization on the deposition and distribution of Pt nanoparticles was investigated in detail. Compared with MWCNTs functionalized by conventional acid-oxidation treatment (AO-MWCNTs), the PDDA-functionalized MWCNTs cause no structural damage on MWCNTs and provide high density and homogeneous surface functional groups for the anchoring Pt nanoparticles. Pt nanoparticles with an average particle size of 1.8 ± 0.4 nm and loading as high as 60 wt% were realized on PDDA-MWCNTs supports. The Pt/PDDA-MWCNTs electrocatalysts show significantly higher electrochemically active surface area and higher electro-catalytic activity for methanol oxidation than that of Pt/AO-MWCNTs and E-TEK Pt/C electrocatalysts.
Redescription of Angiostrongylus (Parastrongylus) costaricensis Morera & Céspedes (nematoda, metastrongyloidea) from a brazilian strain

Morphometric data on larval and adult specimens of Angiostrongylus (Parastrongylus) costaricensis Morera & Cespedes, 1971 recovered from Swiss albino mice experimentally infected is presented. Infective larvae were obtained from parasitized veronicellid Sarasinula marginala (Semper, 1885) maintained in the laboratory. This is the first complete morphometric study regarding specimens of a Brazilian strain of A. (P.) costaricensis.
Phenotypic diversity resulting from a point mutation in a plp gene in paralytic tremor rabbit

Paralytic tremor (pt), a hereditary neurological disorder of rabbits, is a recessive, X-linked point mutation in exon 2 of the plp gene, responsible for substitution of 38 His by Glu in the PLP molecule. Pt genotype is expressed in a range of phenotypes, distinguished by the severity of neurological symptoms. Variable course of the disease, from totally asymptomatic to serious disorder, is observed even within the offspring of one breeding pair. The two most typical phenotypes have been chosen for the studies: one representing mild course of the disease and the other reflecting the most severe course. Since previous developmental studies proved that myelination is not only deficient but also delayed in pt rabbits, the age groups of animals have been selected with the aim of spanning the period of most active myelinogenesis. As revealed by experiments, the degree of CNS hypomyelination, which is the main future of pt mutation, is highest in the most affected animals. The amounts of mutated gene products, PLP and DM-20, examined both at mRNA and protein levels, exhibited a strong dependence on phenotype. Down-regulation of MBP and CNP was also observed. In contrast, MAG expression was normal or only slightly changed in mutants. The results lead to the conclusion that pt mutation in the plp gene affects a panel of events that governs myelinogenesis and is modulated in each individual that is manifested by gradation of neurological symptoms.
Surgery for spinal cord compression in multiple sclerosis

Compression of cervical spinal cord secondary to cervical spondylosis or disc herniation can result in acute or chronic myelopathy. This may go unnoticed in patients with multiple sclerosis who frequently present with similar symptoms. A high index of suspicion, recognition of differences in clinical features, and appropriate use of neuroimaging studies assist in the differentiation of these two disorders. Decompression surgery in carefully selected MS patients who have coexistent spinal cord compression is well tolerated and may result in an excellent outcome.
Algorithm payload for test load Rocket lapan 2009 using atmega 128

One important part of the RUM (Roket Uji Muatan / Rocket Payload Test) is the payload. In this paper, payload designed to detect changes in temperature, pressure, and humidity at any altitude changes. To be able communicate with ground segment, used in communications equipment. On occasion it is also designed telecommand function to detect if there is damage to the payload. For payload to function properly, they invented algorithms. From the experiments, the payload can work well for sending data to a ground segment or telecommand to a height of 1 km.
Total energy and band structure of the 3d, 4d, and 5d metals.

The relative stability of crystal structures in the transition metals has been explained by Pettifor' using a model characterized by only two d-resonance parameters, from which the densities of states were obtained in a hybrid nearly-free-electron and tight-binding scheme. The simple approach of Pettifor worked surprisingly well considering that it was based on differences of the total oneelectron band-structure energies neglecting contributions to the total energy from the electrostatic double counting and the exchange and correlation terms. Subsequently, Andersen and co-workers ' and Heine demonstrated the cancellation of the double counting and exchangecorrelation terms provided that the electron potential is frozen from one structure to the other. This approach, referred to as Andersen's force theorem, was taken by Skriver, who used the linear muffin-tin orbital (LMTO) method to calculate the relative stability of all elements. Skriver went beyond the essentially canonical approximation employed by Pettifor including hybridization with sp bands. Skriver performed a self-consistent (SC) calculation for each element in the fcc structure, and then used the SC fcc potential to calculate the sum of one-electron energies for the bcc structure. The resulting difference of the band structure energies gave him the correct ordering of total energies between different structures for all elements except Au. In the present paper we present systematic calculations of the total energy of all the 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metals as well as the alkaline earth elements. Our calculations were performed by the semirelativistic augmented-plane-wave (APW) method in the muffin-tin approximation; they were done fully self-consistently for both the fcc and bcc structures without using the frozen potential procedure employed by Skriver. In this sense our calculations are similar to those of Davenport, Watson, and Weinert, who studied the Sd series by the linear augmented Slater-type-orbital method. Our results for the lattice parameters and bulk moduli agree with those of Moruzzi, Janak, and Williams with small differences due to neglect of relativistic effects in the latter calculations. This article is organized as follows. Section II describes the method of calculation and the approximations. Section III contains our results in comparison with values from the experiment and previous calculations. In Sec. IV we discuss trends in the band structure, and in Sec. V we summarize the results.
The comparison of effectiveness of two modalities of mental health nurse follow-up programmes for female outpatients with depression in Taipei, Taiwan.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study compares the effectiveness of two modalities of mental health nurse three-month follow-up programmes: telephone counselling programme and group therapy programme for female outpatients with depression. BACKGROUND The lifetime prevalence of major depression is 15% and is about twice as common in women as in men. Outpatients with depression often discontinue their treatment after the initial visits to their physicians. METHODS This study used a quasi-experimental, pre-post-test comparison group design. Twenty-six female outpatients with depression were assigned to one of follow-up programmes: telephone counselling programme or group therapy programme. To qualify for group therapy programme, potential participants were required to come to group sessions weekly. To be accepted into telephone counselling programme, potential participants had to be able to be contacted by phone regularly. Mental health nurse three-month follow-up programmes included care management and structured psychotherapy. Patients in telephone counselling programme received 10 regular telephone calls of 30-60 minutes each. Patients in group therapy programme received 12 sessions of weekly group meetings of 90-120 minutes each. RESULTS Wilcoxon signed ranks tests provided evidence that the group therapy programme (S = -52.5, p < 0.001; S = 31.5, p = 0.046) and telephone counselling programme (S = -36, p = 0.002; S = 25, p = 0.050) follow-up programmes were effective in terms of relieving depressed symptoms and improving quality of life. According to Quade's analysis of covariance, telephone counselling programme and group therapy programme appeared to have similar effects of relieving depressed symptoms (F(1,24) = 0.06, p = 0.813) and increasing quality of life (F(1,24) = 0.07, p = 0.792). While there was no significant difference in using emergency services ( chi(2)(1)= 0.89, p = 0.539) between telephone counselling programme and group therapy programme, the rate of adherence to scheduled outpatient appointments with psychiatrists was higher among patients in group therapy programme than patients in telephone counselling programme (chi(2)(3) = 8.67, p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS Establishing two modalities of mental health nurse follow-up programmes in Taiwan could benefit patients with different needs. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Mental health nurses specialized in management of depression could provide not only care management but also structured psychotherapy.
Spatially adaptive interpolation of digital images using fuzzy inference

This paper presents a novel adaptive interpolation method for digital images. This new method can reduce dramatically the blurring and jaggedness artifacts on the high-contrast edges, which are generally found in the interpolated images using conventional methods. This high performance is achieved via two proposed operators: a fuzzy-inference based edge preserving interpolator and an edge-shifted matching scheme. The former synthesizes the interpolated pixel to match the image local characteristics. Hence, edge integrity can be retained. However, due to its small footage, it does not work well on the sharply curved edges that have very sharp angles against one of the coordinates. Therefore, the edge-shifted matching technique is developed to identify precisely the orientation of sharply curved edges. By combining these two techniques, the subjective quality of the interpolated images is significantly improved, particularly along the high-contrast edges. Both synthesized images (such as letters) and natural scenes have been tested with very promising results.
Realtime control of sequence generation with character based Long Short Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) — particularly Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) RNNs — are a popular and very successful model for generating sequences. However, most LSTM based sequence generation techniques are currently not interactive and do not allow continuous control of the sequence generation, let alone in a gestural or expressive manner. This research investigates methods of realtime continuous control and steering of RNN sequence generation, as well as ways of expressively controlling the output.
Distinct clinical and prognostic features of infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast: combined results of 15 International Breast Cancer Study Group clinical trials.

PURPOSE To determine how patients with infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) differ from patients with the more common infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) with regard to patient and tumor factors, local treatment, and patterns of recurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twelve thousand two hundred six breast cancer patients entered onto 15 International Breast Cancer Study Group trials between 1978 and 2002 were categorized as having ILC, IDC, or other/mixed types. RESULTS Seven hundred sixty-seven tumors (6.2%) were classified as ILC, 8,607 (70.5%) were classified as IDC, and 2,832 (23.2%) were classified as other. The analysis is limited to the 9,374 patients categorized as either pure IDC or ILC. The median follow-up time was 13 years. Compared with IDC, ILC was associated with older age; larger, better differentiated, and estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors; and less vessel invasion. Mastectomy was used more frequently for ILC (P < .01). There was a significant (P < .01) early advantage in disease-free survival and overall survival for the ILC cohort followed by a significant (P < .01) late advantage for the IDC cohort after 6 and 10 years, respectively. Similar patterns were observed in cohorts defined by ER status. ILC was associated with an increased incidence of bone events but a decrease in regional and lung events (all P < .01). CONCLUSION ILC is more than a histologic variant of breast cancer. The diagnosis of ILC carries distinct prognostic and biologic implications.
Variable impedance control based on estimation of human arm stiffness for human-robot cooperative calligraphic task

This paper presents a novel variable impedance control method for a human-robot cooperative task. An impedance control system based on a positioning control of a robot with time delay of the robot and a human operator can become unstable when the stiffness of a human arm or body is increased in the human-robot cooperative task. The proposed variable impedance controller varies the viscosity coefficient of the robot in proportion to an estimated value of the stiffness of the tip of the human arm. A method of a proposed variable impedance control makes the human-robot cooperative system stable and the cooperative task easy. In order to confirm the usefulness of the proposed control method a cooperative calligraphic task, that is writing a Kanji character with a writing brush, is performed. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed control method is effective for the human-robot cooperative task.
Improved contours for ToF cameras based on vicinity logic operations

In this article we propose an improved contour extraction approach for images acquired with a Time of Flight camera (ToF), by combining the information from the edges of the distance and luminance images. We define and use vicinity logic operations in order to extract a better contour that allows us to emphasize the objects of interest in the scene, and in the same time to eliminate the unuseful information, i.e. the “false” contours determined by noise, various textures, shadows etc. We present our results and draw the conclusions.
On the blind channel identifiability of multiple-input multiple-output space-time block code systems using Joint Approximate Diagonalization of Eigenmatrices

Channel identifiability for multiple-input multiple-output space-time block code MIMO-STBC systems using Joint Approximate Diagonalization of Eigenmatrices JADE is studied in this paper. Compared with the previous blind MIMO-STBC channel estimation methods in literature, the method proposed in this paper is more suitable for non-cooperative scenario because it needs less prior information and can be applied to a general class of STBCs. The main contribution of the paper consists in the theoretical proof that, although the sources transmitted by different antennas of MIMO-STBC systems are not independent, they can be retrieved from the received data by directly using JADE in most cases. The conclusion is also demonstrated by a simulation. This shows that the classical JADE algorithm can be applied to a wider range of situations rather than strictly independent sources. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circulating interleukin‐8 concentrations in patients with multiple organ failure of septic and nonseptic origin

ObjectivesInterleukin (IL)-8, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is a potent chemoattractant factor and an activator of neutrophils produced by many cell types after stimulation by IL-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), or microbial products such as endotoxins. We investigated whether the presence of measurable IL-8 in plasma was associated with the clinical status of severely ill septic or nonseptic patients susceptible to the development of multiple organ failure. DesignCohort study. SettingA collaborative study between an intensive care unit and a research laboratory. SubjectsCirculating IL-8 concentrations were measured in the plasma of 27 patients with sepsis syndrome and in 16 patients with noninfectious shock because these two conditions put patients at risk for the development of multiple organ failure. Sixteen of 27 patients with severe infection and 13 of 16 patients with noninfectious pathologies developed multiple organ failure. Measurements and Main ResultsA specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IL-8 was set up with a monoclonal and a rabbit polyclonal antihuman IL-8 using a sandwich technique. High concentrations of circulating IL-8 were found in the plasma of patients with sepsis syndrome. Among septic patients, a significant difference was observed between concentrations of IL-8 in survivors (n = 16) and nonsurvivors (n = 11) (81 pL 13 pg/mL vs. 3326 pL 1219 pg/mL, respectively; p = .001). A correlation was noticed between plasma IL-8 and IL-6 concentrations (r2 = .42; p = .001), while no correlation was observed between IL-8 and TNF-aP values, or between IL-8 and IL-1β. Although the mortality rate of nonseptic, multiple organ failure patients was 92%, low plasma concentrations of IL-8 were found (78 pL 34 pg/mL), while high plasma concentrations were measured in septic, multiple organ failure patients (mortality rate 69%) who were sampled at a similar stage. By contrast, increased IL-6 values were observed in both septic and nonseptic, multiple organ failure patients. ConclusionsIn septic patients, high amounts of circulating IL-8 concentrations correlate with fatal outcome, whereas only low plasma concentrations of IL-8 are present in patients with nonseptic, multiple organ failure. This finding suggests that the signals involved in the exacerbation of IL-8 production are different, depending on infectious or noninfectious etiology. (Crit Care Med 1994; 22:673–679)