Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: PaleoDataView – A software toolbox for the
collection, homogenization and visualization of marine proxy data

Abstract. We present a software toolbox that allows the efficient collection, management and maintenance of larger paleoceanographic data sets. The program combines a graphical user interface (GUI) with a simple document-based database and functionality for visualization, stratigraphy (visual alignment and radiocarbon calibration), age modelling and efficient ensemble time series generation to create larger homogenous data compilations. Data can be imported from Excel or text files, are stored locally in netCDF format and can be easily exchanged between collaborating scientists. Within a data collection, data can either be imported to proxy-specific sub-collections or to a multi-proxy (miscellaneous) sub-collection that allows to import and manage any downcore data. A single age model is shared among all proxies of a core within a collection. The stand-alone software can be used with Windows and macOS and does not require web access.
Modified watershed transform algorithm for cancer cell segmentation counting

In cancer research, the migration - invasion assay is one of the most important experiments used to evaluate the spreading potential of cancer cells from primary site of tumor to other organs . The process needs to read the number of cells spread to target organs on the pictures taken under microscopic in order to evaluate the performance of clinical trails on various cancer treatments . The number is usually counted, manually, under microscope or using Image J software as an assisting tool . However, the cells are difficult to identify since they are usually overlapped, hence, the process requires experienced researchers . Moreover, the process is time consuming and subjective, which could lead to an inaccurate results . In this paper, an alternative approach to segment and count the number of cells is presented . The proposed algorithm is based on digital image processing technique, specifically, Watershed transform . The studied pictures are from migration - invasion assay bile duct cancer cell line . The results are compared to the numbers reported by three experienced researchers . The results show that the proposed method can achieve 97 . 01 % average on accuracy . The average time of processing per picture is 4 . 28 minute .
Microbiotests In Aquatic Toxicology:The Way Forward

The industrial revolution has driven the need for ecotoxicology and shaped its evolution. Indeed, the increased use and transformation of (non)renewable resources for over a century to benefit mankind have had a downside and created a plethora of contaminants harmful to the receiving environments. With time, we have gone from an age of darkness in the 1950s (i.e., diagnostic ignorance in terms of recognizing and dealing with contamination) to one of enlightenment as the 21 st century unfolds (i.e., use of tools and strategies to identify and correct environmental pollutions). Effects measurements, reflected by toxicity testing conducted at different levels of biological organization, have proven especially useful to achieve proper hazard/risk assessments of contaminants. Knowing why toxicity testing has been conducted over the past decades to protect and conserve freshwater environments is also essential to grasp the importance and breadth of this field. For this purpose, we have recently reviewed a substantial number of articles describing numerous bioanalytical endeavours undertaken to comprehend toxic effects associated with the discharge of xenobiotics to aquatic environments. Scrutiny of publications identified in our literature search has enabled us to uncover the various ways in which laboratory toxicity tests have been applied, many of which are small-scale in nature. In essence, freshwater toxicity testing has significantly focussed on liquid (complex environmental samples, chemical and biological contaminants) and solid media (sediments) assessment. For both media, miscellaneous studies/initiatives linked to toxicity testing applications have again promoted the development, validation, refinement and use of toxicity testing procedures. Bioassays are clearly an essential component of environmental management programs and several small-scale tests (microbiotests) can be employed to generate cost-effective toxicity data that assist decision-making.
Effectiveness, efficiency, and safety of censusing Eurasian Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus by unmanned aircraft

VALLE, R.G. & SCARTON, F. 2019. Effectiveness, efficiency, and safety of censusing Eurasian Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus by unmanned aircraft. Marine Ornithology 47: 87–93. Censusing oystercatcher Haematopus spp. can be difficult. Challenges often arise from difficulties with site access and the need to avoid disturbing nesting birds. Unmanned aerial systems are increasingly used in conservation and ecological research. The present study evaluated the effectiveness, managerial efficiency, and safety of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) to count Eurasian Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus breeding at the Po Delta in northeast Italy. Flights encountered 142 oystercatcher pairs, in contrast to the 135 pairs that were counted through traditional ground census. Combining the results from both methods, 140 breeding pairs of oystercatchers (110 confirmed, 30 probable) were located. The mean time required to census with the drone was far less than that required to census by ground (5.6 ± 5.7 min vs. 37 ± 38 min, respectively, for our study area). This corresponds to an expenditure of 3 708 € for ground census vs. 460 € for drone census, leading to a cost reduction of 88%. No apparent negative effects on nesting pairs or clutches were observed. Our major findings were as follows: 1) compared with traditional ground census, using drones in waterbird counts saved time and money; 2) there was no significant difference in overall counts between drone and observer counts; and 3) despite their advantages, drones are associated with an increased disturbance response among Eurasian Oystercatchers, and this should be carefully considered when selecting a study approach.
Nonlinear deformation and run-up of single tsunami waves of positive polarity: numerical simulations and analytical predictions

Abstract. The estimate of an individual wave run-up is especially important for tsunami warning and risk assessment, as it allows for evaluating the inundation area. Here, as a model of tsunamis, we use the long single wave of positive polarity. The period of such a wave is rather long, which makes it different from the famous Korteweg–de Vries soliton. This wave nonlinearly deforms during its propagation in the ocean, which results in a steep wave front formation. Situations in which waves approach the coast with a steep front are often observed during large tsunamis, e.g. the 2004 Indian Ocean and 2011 Tohoku tsunamis. Here we study the nonlinear deformation and run-up of long single waves of positive polarity in the conjoined water basin, which consists of the constant depth section and a plane beach. The work is performed numerically and analytically in the framework of the nonlinear shallow-water theory. Analytically, wave propagation along the constant depth section and its run up on a beach are considered independently without taking into account wave interaction with the toe of the bottom slope. The propagation along the bottom of constant depth is described by the Riemann wave, while the wave run-up on a plane beach is calculated using rigorous analytical solutions of the nonlinear shallow-water theory following the Carrier–Greenspan approach. Numerically, we use the finite-volume method with the second-order UNO2 reconstruction in space and the third-order Runge–Kutta scheme with locally adaptive time steps. During wave propagation along the constant depth section, the wave becomes asymmetric with a steep wave front. It is shown that the maximum run-up height depends on the front steepness of the incoming wave approaching the toe of the bottom slope. The corresponding formula for maximum run-up height, which takes into account the wave front steepness, is proposed.
Bayesian nonparametric learning for complicated text mining

Text mining has gained the ever-increasing attention of researchers in recent years because text is one of the most natural and easy ways to express human knowledge and opinions, and is therefore believed to have a variety of application scenarios and a potentially high commercial value. It is commonly accepted that Bayesian models with finite-dimensional probability distributions as building blocks, also known as parametric topic models, are effective tools for text mining. However, one problem in existing parametric topic models is that the hidden topic number needs to be fixed in advance. Determining an appropriate number is very difficult, and sometimes unrealistic, for many real-world applications and may lead to over-fitting or under-fitting issues. Bayesian nonparametric learning is a key approach for learning the number of mixtures in a mixture model (also called the model selection problem), and has emerged as an elegant way to handle a flexible number of topics. The core idea of Bayesian nonparametric models is to use stochastic processes as building blocks, instead of traditional fixed-dimensional probability distributions. Even though Bayesian nonparametric learning has gained considerable research attention and undergone rapid development, its ability to conduct complicated text mining tasks, such as: document-word co-clustering, document network learning, multi-label document learning, and so on, is still weak. Therefore, there is still a gap between the Bayesian nonparametric learning theory and complicated real-world
Urban Landscape Structure of a Fast-Growing African City: The Case of Niamey (Niger)

Combining multivariable statistics and geostatistics with landscape metrics, we attempted to quantify the spatial pattern of urbanization in the city of Niamey, Niger. Landscape metrics provided local quantification of both landscape composition and physiognomy while the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) yielded a multivariable summary of the main source of landscape metrics variation across the city. We used the variogram (geostatistics) to analyze the spatial pattern of the PCA outcomes and to characterize the associated spatial scales of variation. In Niamey, the main urban structure corresponded to a gradient ranging from highly diversified, fragmented, and both wooded and built-up areas in the city center and along the Niger River, to less green zones gathering steel-roofed houses whose density diminished towards the periphery. This concentric structure centered on the Niger River clearly reflected the history of Niamey. PCA and geostatistics provided appealing quantitative estimates of spatial patterns, scales, anisotropy and intensity of urban structures. Although these different tools are known in landscape ecology, they are rarely used together. The present paper illustrates how they allow characterizing the marked spatial variation of the urban landscape of the fast-growing African city of Niamey (Niger). Such a quantification of the urban landscapes may be extremely useful for future correlative investigations in various fields of research and planning.
Rules Engine Based Data Cleansing

Previous researches on data cleansing use inflexible hardcode or inefficient manual work to detect and repair data quality problems.This paper presents a rules engine based data cleansing architecture(REBDCA) to solve this problem.REBDCA uses rules to describe data cleansing logic and then uses rules engine to excute it.An integration of REBDCA and ETL tool is presented as an example,and its performance is measured.
A Workflow Engine for Computing Clouds

This work developed a workflow engine that enables the execution of workflows on existing Cloud platfor ms. The workflow engine automatically delivers the computation of each individual task to the selected Cloud and transfers the input/output data across different platforms. Additionally, it predicts the execution time and payment of the tasks, helping users select the best Cloud services with respect to the performance vs. cost tradeoff. Keywords-Cloud Computing, Workflow Management System, Grid Computing
Layer Formation in Stably and Unstably Stratified Flows

This thesis investigates the dynamics of layered velocity and buoyancy structures in stably and unstably stratified flows. Geophysical examples of layers in stably stratified turbulence include the ocean’s equatorial deep jets (EDJs) and small-scale horizontal density layers that are ubiquitous in both the ocean and atmosphere. These layers are visually striking and have implications for the broader climate system. Layered horizontal mean flows also form in the Rayleigh-Bénard model of dry convection maintained by unstable background stratification, where they substantially modify the convective heat flux. We first analyze the dynamics of mean flow formation in two-dimensional (2D) Rayleigh-Bénard convection. Horizontal mean shear flows form in this system via an instability of laminar roll convection known as the tilting instability. The tilting instability depends strongly on the horizontal lengthscale of the convection pattern so that mean flows are suppressed in domains with sufficiently large aspect ratio of length to height. We show that this suppression results from a perturbationperturbation advection mechanism that intervenes at linear order in the tilting instability. We also analyze the dynamics of simplified models of convection that exhibit suppression of mean flows even though they do not retain the perturbation-perturbation nonlinear mechanism. We show that in such models, mean flow suppression operates by a different mechanism that is an artifact of low resolution, and that mean flow suppression ceases in such models when they are appropriately extended.
The Application of Solar Energy in Agricultural Systems

Given that one day fossil fuels will end, a need arises to find alternative fuels. Renewable energy is considered an alternative to fossil fuels and nowadays it attracts much attention. Among renewable sources, solar is the most important available in all parts of the world. Also, this energy source is used in various industries including agriculture and it can be used in cultivating crops in the farthest corners of the world. In addition, this fuel does not cause pollution, like the other fossil fuels. Using the solar energy can be active in all agricultural areas. That will definitely help meet the need for agricultural products with the population. However, it is known that the agricultur land has a fixed area and, sometimes, agricultural products cannot be cultivated. That greenhouse is a method that is used nowadays and using the solar energy can help build solar greenhouses in areas far away from the city. Other applications of solar include irrigation, drying products, and ventilation niches. In this study, the researchers discuss some of the benefits of solar energy in agriculture.
Larger Increases in More Extreme Local Precipitation Events as Climate Warms

Climate models project that extreme precipitation events will intensify in proportion to their intensity during the 21st century at large spatial scales. The identification of the causes of this phenomenon nevertheless remains tenuous. Using a large ensemble of North American regional climate simulations, we show that the more rapid intensification of more extreme events also appears as a robust feature at finer regional scales. The larger increases in more extreme events than in less extreme events are found to be primarily due to atmospheric circulation changes. Thermodynamically induced changes have relatively uniform effects across extreme events and regions. In contrast, circulation changes weaken moderate events over western interior regions of North America and enhance them elsewhere. The weakening effect decreases and even reverses for more extreme events, whereas there is further intensification over other parts of North America, creating an “intense gets intenser” pattern over most of the continent.
Nieves penitentes are a new habitat for snow algae in one of the most extreme high-elevation environments on Earth

ABSTRACT Nieves penitentes are pinnacle-shaped ice structures found at high elevations in the dry Andes. Here we report, using molecular and microscopic approaches, the first description of snow algae communities inhabiting penitente ice at 5,277 m a.s. l. , demonstrating a new habitat for snow algae in one of the most extreme environments on Earth. Red ice patches on penitentes contained a microbial community dominated by algae in the genera Chlamydomonas and Chloromonas, both of which were closely related to known snow algae from alpine and polar environments. In contrast, we obtained few snow algae sequences from clear ice, but we did find cyanobacteria sequences and evidence of aeolian-deposited organic matter. Tephra (“soil”) within and just downhill from the penitente field hosted more complex bacterial and eukaryotic communities that were significantly different from ice communities in terms of both alpha and beta diversity. In this environment penitentes provide both water and shelter from harsh winds, high UV radiation, and thermal fluctuations, creating an oasis in an otherwise extreme landscape. Intriguingly, recent planetary investigations have suggested the existence of penitente-like structures on other planetary bodies of our solar system. Therefore, penitentes and the harsh environment that surrounds them provide a new terrestrial analog for astrobiological studies of life beyond Earth.
A Self-Adaptive Approach of Multi-Object Image Segmentation

Image segmentation is an old and difficult problem in digital image processing. A self-adaptive approach of multi-object image segmentation is presented in this paper. In this approach, OSTU method has been improved on, and square error analyse method is used to self-adaptive confirm the best fit object number. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize threshold value. Segmentation result based on the sample image shows that the algorithm achieves good performance in terms of efficiency of segmentation and segment quality. Expreimental results shows that this approach is effective to segment multi-object image.
Time Correlated Single Photon Counting

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Network fault diagnosis algorithm based on FTA and comparison model

Aiming at the characteristic of network fault,MM model and Fault Tree Analysis(FTA) are introduced into network fault diagnosis modeling.An algorithm is proposed which analyzes and diagnoses network fault,extracts the minimum cut sets quantificationally with Fault Tree Analysis,then detects and orients network fault with MM model by testing the geminate nodes selected from minimum cut sets.The experimental results show that the method enhances efficiency and veracity of network fault diagnosis efficaciously.
Refining the late-Holocene coastline and delta development of the northern Yangtze River delta: Combining historical archives and OSL dating

Historical documents provide a general chronological overview of the environmental evolution of the Yangtze River delta (YRD) during the last ca. 2000 years; however, absolute dating of the region’s late Holocene sediment is relatively rare. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating has been increasingly applied to the age determination of Holocene deposits in deltaic environments. In this study, three 23–27 m long drill cores running from south to north were collected from the Qihai plain of the northern YRD in order to reconstruct the history of this region’s formation since the late Holocene. A total of 24 samples from the three cores were subjected to OSL dating using coarse silt-sized (45–63 μm) quartz. The OSL ages range from approximately 190–3490 a revealing that the age of the delta front and delta plain facies in the coring sites are younger than 500 a while the sediments in the underlying prodelta facies are older than 2000 a. On the basis of the large age gap between the two set of deposits, we suspect that the coring sites remained submerged from 2000 to 500 years ago. As the central core has older and coarser sandy deposits than the neighbouring cores, we infer that the central core was located on a sandy mouth bar, while other cores sat within distributary channels within the estuary. The OSL ages are consistent with both the chronology implied by historical documents and other stratigraphic records in the area. This study enhances the chronological framework of land formation and delta evolution in the Qihai plain area of the YRD and thereby consolidates the conclusions derived from the application of a single technique alone.
Data Model Support Distributed System Integration

Data integration is one of the key questions of realizing distributed system integration. Based on the data model, the organization of level and the flexibility of the expression, a spatial integration data model (SIDM) was offered, relationship of data in different type was described, and the characteristic of different item in a data type was described through spatial data model, the conception and algebraic description were afforded in object of spatial data to take a meta-data play, a criterion is advance for algebraic operation of data integration, and data integration of distributed system integration is supported effectively.
Implementing a PDG Library in Rascal

In this thesis, we present an implementation and tests for a program dependence graph library in Rascal, including the core algorithm descriptions. Rascal is a meta-programming language mostly for analyzing, transforming or generating source code, which fits the usage of PDG. However, there is no library or convenient function in Rascal for PDG for now, which makes a library implementation timely and meaningful.