Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human augmentation by wearable supernumerary robotic limbs: review and perspectives

Supernumerary robotic limbs (SRLs) are wearable robots designed to enhance the sensorimotor abilities of humans. SRLs can be used to compensate for lost functions in patients with motor deficits and, more in general, to augment the sensorimotor capabilities of humans to interact with the environment. The design and control of SRLs present several challenges. SRLs must have high levels of ergonomics and wearability and, depending on the application, they might also require enhanced robustness and strength. Supernumerary robotics differs from collaborative robotics, since SRLs are not collaborative external agents but rather act under the direct command of the operator who, thanks to the use of suitable interfaces, gains the control of some actions of the SRLs. From the control point of view, it is fundamental to find the right trade-off between the degrees of freedom that are under the direct control of the user and the level of robot autonomy. The adoption of feedback interfaces can help the human to better command and use the SRL. In this review, we discuss all these aspects, relating them to the current literature on SRLs. We also present the main applications and the potential of these relatively recent devices, as well as the main neuroscientific questions they rise on the implications of their use on the users’ body schema.
Characterization of neutral particle fluxes from ICWC and ECWC plasmas in the TOMAS facility

Electron- (ECWC) and ion- (ICWC) cyclotron wall conditioning are essential means for controlled fusion to modify the surface state of plasma-facing components in order to reduce impurity generation and fuel accumulation in the wall. Development of ECWC and ICWC requires characterization of neutral particle fluxes generated in discharges, because neutrals enhance the homogeneity of the conditioning, which may contribute to remote or shadowed areas, especially in the presence of a permanent magnetic field (e.g. W7-X, ITER). A time-of-flight neutral particle analyzer (ToF-NPA) with 4.07 m flight distance is employed to measure time- and energy-resolved low energetic (<1 keV) neutral particle distributions. The ToF-NPA setup tested at the EXTRAP T2R reversed field pinch was installed at the TOMAS toroidal plasma facility to determine low energy neutral particle fluxes while investigating the impact of the gas pressure in the instrument and compatibility with low count rates during EC- and ICWC discharges. TOMAS has a major radius of 0.78 m and provides various plasma operation conditions: toroidal magnetic field up to 0.12 T, EC frequency 2.45 GHz with the power of 0.6–6 kW, IC frequency of 10–50 MHz with the power of up to 6 kW. Early results on the characterization of three phases (EC only, EC + IC, and IC only) of hydrogen discharges demonstrate: (i) the low energy (10–725 eV) neutrals distribution has been determined by the NPA system, (ii) the mixed EC + IC phase produces the highest population of neutral particles, while the EC only provides one order of magnitude lower rate, (iii) the neutrals produced in IC only have higher average energy (28 eV) than EC only (7 eV) and EC + IC (16 eV).
Photostability of organic electro-optic polymer under practical high intensity continuous-wave 1550 nm laser irradiation

Information on the photochemical stabilities of organic electro-optic (EO) polymers under laser irradiation at 1550 nm, in the optical communication wavelength band (C-band), is crucial for understanding the long-term stability of various optical devices that employ EO polymers and providing guidelines for extending the devices’ lifetime. Thus, in this study, we constructed a pump–probe photostability evaluation system with an intensity of as high as 1.49 MW cm−2 and intensively investigated the photochemical stability of an EO polymer at 85 °C under irradiation by using a continuous-wave (CW) 1550 nm laser. We found that the photobleaching rate was proportional to the square of the pump intensity, suggesting that the dominant photodegradation pathway was associated with two-photon absorption. Our findings provide new insights into a photobleaching mechanism under non-resonant CW laser excitation conditions.
EFEMP2 Suppresses the Invasion of Lung Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Down-Regulating MMPs

Background: Epidermal growth factor-containing ﬁ bulin-like extracellular matrix protein 2 (EFEMP2), also known as ﬁ bulin-4, MBP1 and UPH1, is an extracellular matrix protein associated with a variety of tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value and the function of EFEMP2 in lung cancer. Methods: The mRNA and protein expression of EFEMP2 in lung normal and cancer tissues, lung cancer cell lines (A549, H460, H1299 and H1650) and normal epithelial cell line BEAS-2B were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The Public databases (Oncomine and Kaplan-Meier plotter) were used to investigate the prognostic value of EFEMP2 in lung cancer. RNA interference (RNAi) and overexpression transfection were performed to detect the effects of EFEMP2 up- or down-regulation on lung normal and cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Results: EFEMP2 was lowly expressed in lung cancer tissues and cells, and its low expression was associated with malignant phenotype and poor prognosis of lung cancer. The same conclusion had been drawn from the Public databases. EFEMP2 overexpression signi ﬁ cantly inhibited the invasion of lung cancer cells, hampered the process of EMT, and decreased the expression and activity of MMP2 and MMP9, while EFEMP2 knockdown remarkably enhanced the invasion of lung cancer cells, promoted EMT, and increased the expression and activity of MMP2 and MMP9. Conclusion: The low expression of EFEMP2 was detected in lung cancer and was posi-tively correlated with the poor prognosis of patients. EFEMP2 was a tumor suppressor gene that inhibited the progress of lung cancer, which suggested a new research objective for the future studies.
CMAR_A_241969 2777..2788

Chunhong Liu* Feng Jiang* Xueqin Zhang Xiulong Xu 1Department of Chinese Medicine, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Internal Medicine, Shenxian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaocheng, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
The Distance Monitoring Tools Between the Ends of the Nozzle with the Workpiece for Gas Metal Arc Welding

Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) is a welding process that combines an arc between the continuous electrode, which produces a mixing by heat generated by the arc melting the base metal electrodes. This process uses an inert gas as a protective element in the welding area. This study aims to analyze the welding quality level produced by students using the application in terms of monitoring the distance, angle, and speed between the ends of the nozzle with the workpiece for GMAW. In this study, one of the actual experimental designs used as the pre-test and post-test design. The experimental group in this study was using distance monitoring tools, while the control group was using traditional teaching strategies that commonly used. The contents of the control group teaching were identical to the experimental group. The selected 22 respondents via purposive sampling consisted of students of the welding field, specifically metal fabrication. In this study, the research instrument used is through pre-test and post-test evaluation rubric. In this study, data were collected through a quantitative approach using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 22.0 software. The analysis of this study was carried out by conducting a descriptive analysis of data obtained by using statistics, such as per centage, mean, and standard deviation. Inference analysis was then performed to interpret the scores before and after treatment based on the test score data obtained in groups using the built-in distance monitoring tool. The inference statistics used in this study was two-way ANOVA. The findings of this study demonstrated the effectiveness of the distance estimation method by using distance monitoring tools between the ends of the nozzle and the workpiece for GMAW. This was attributable to the built-in distance monitoring tool, which could assist respondents in determining the proper distance between the ends of the nozzle and the workpiece to obtain a good and perfect welding result. Based on these results, there was a difference in the level of welding quality produced by the control and experimental groups.
A Riemann–Stein kernel method

This paper proposes and studies a numerical method for approximation of posterior expectations based on interpolation with a Stein reproducing kernel. Finite-sample-size bounds on the approximation error are established for posterior distributions supported on a compact Riemannian manifold, and we relate these to a kernel Stein discrepancy (KSD). Moreover, we prove in our setting that the KSD is equivalent to Sobolev discrepancy and, in doing so, we completely characterise the convergence-determining properties of KSD. Our contribution is rooted in a novel combination of Stein's method, the theory of reproducing kernels, and existence and regularity results for partial differential equations on a Riemannian manifold.
A comparison of outcomes between Syrian and Turkish patients with traumatic brain injury admitted to intensive care in Gaziantep, Turkey, two border sharing countries

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes of Syrian patients with serious TBI admitted alive in intensive care units (ICUs) and to compare their results with Turkish patients.As a direct consequence of the ongoing civil war, Syrian patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been receiving neurosurgical intervention in Turkey. Material and Methods: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board, and written informed consent was obtained from patientsfamilies prior to participation. The study sample consisted of 44 Syrianand 42 Turkish TBI patients in ICUs in Gaziantep, the city which hosts the most Syrian refugees. Medical records of Syrian patients were compared with those of Turkish patients in terms of age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) scores, mechanism of injury, neurological status (Glasgow Coma Score) [GCS] on admission, surgical methods, postoperative complicationsmorbidity and mortality rates. Results: Totally 25% of Syrian patients were admitted to ICUs for gunshot wounds while 59.5% of Turkish patients were admitted to ICUs due to traffic accident traumas. During hospitalization, factors associated with mortality were low on admission (GCS <8). Of these patients, 79.5% of Syrian and 83.3% of Turkish patients underwent craniotomy and hematoma evacuation. The mortality rates were 63.6% and 64.3% in Syrian and Turkish patients, respectively. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in mortality rates between the two populations. Determining factors that affect mortality can improve the management of TBI patients in ICUs. Results show that prevention is the only available approach.
An adaptive multiple-try Metropolis algorithm

Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, specifically samplers based on random walks, often have difficulty handling target distributions with complex geometry such as multi-modality. We propose an adaptive multiple-try Metropolis algorithm designed to tackle such problems by combining the flexibility of multiple-proposal samplers with the user-friendliness and optimality of adaptive algorithms. We prove the ergodicity of the resulting Markov chain with respect to the target distribution using common techniques in the adaptive MCMC literature. In a Bayesian model for loss of heterozygosity in cancer cells, we find that our method outperforms traditional adaptive samplers, non-adaptive multiple-try Metropolis samplers, and various more sophisticated competing methods.
CMAR_A_237201 3117..3129

1Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 5Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People’s Republic of China
Identifying the Units of Measurement in Tabular Data

We consider the problem of identifying the units of measurement in a data column that contains both numeric values and unit symbols in each row, e.g.,"5.2 l","7 pints". In this case we seek to identify the dimension of the column (e.g. volume) and relate the unit symbols to valid units (e.g. litre, pint) obtained from a knowledge graph. Below we present PUC, a Probabilistic Unit Canonicalizer that can accurately identify the units of measurement, extract semantic descriptions of quantitative data columns and canonicalize their entries. We present the first messy real-world tabular datasets annotated for units of measurement, which can enable and accelerate the research in this area. Our experiments on these datasets show that PUC achieves better results than existing solutions.
Proximate, phytochemical, mineral composition and antioxidant activity of Anacardium occidentale L. leaf powder

E-mail: olugbenga.oloruntola@aaua.edu. ng Received: 15/06/2021 Acceptance: 14/09/2021 Available Online: 16/09/2021 Published: 01/10/2021 Phytogenics, the plant-derived natural bioactive compounds, are increasingly used in animal feed to induce antibiotic and antioxidative impacts with the ultimate goal of enhancing their productivity and health. Proximate, phytochemical, mineral composition, and antioxidant activity of Anacardium occidentale leaf powder (AOLP) were determined in this study. The proximates: nitrogen-free extract (49.58 %), crude fiber (16.95 %), crude protein (14.65 %), crude fat (10.81 %), and ash (3.70 %) were determined, and bioactive compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, alkaloids, and phytate were also quantifiable in AOLP. Zinc (6.65 mg/kg), calcium (5.76 mg/kg), phosphorus (6.18 mg/kg) and magnesium (1.96 mg/kg) were also recorded in AOLP. The Phytate:Zn ratio of AOLP in this study falling above 10 and Calcium:Phytate molar ratio being lower than the 6 signaled impaired Zn availability. However, the value of [Ca] x [Phy]: [Zn] of AOLP in this study being less than 0.5 suggests unimpaired Zn bioavailability. The value recorded for 2,2′diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and vitamin C in this study refers to the antioxidant capacity of AOLP. Therefore, AOLP could be used as a phytogenic supplement in animal feeding models.
Superantigen Recognition and Interactions: Functions, Mechanisms and Applications

Superantigens are unconventional antigens which recognise immune receptors outside their usual recognition sites e.g. complementary determining regions (CDRs), to elicit a response within the target cell. T-cell superantigens crosslink T-cell receptors and MHC Class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells, leading to lymphocyte recruitment, induction of cytokine storms and T-cell anergy or apoptosis among many other effects. B-cell superantigens, on the other hand, bind immunoglobulins on B-cells, affecting opsonisation, IgG-mediated phagocytosis, and driving apoptosis. Here, through a review of the structural basis for recognition of immune receptors by superantigens, we show that their binding interfaces share specific physicochemical characteristics when compared with other protein-protein interaction complexes. Given that antibody-binding superantigens have been exploited extensively in industrial antibody purification, these observations could facilitate further protein engineering to optimize the use of superantigens in this and other areas of biotechnology.
Response to Referee Henk Eskes

Launched in October 2017, the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) aboard Sentinel-5 Precursor provides the potential to monitor air quality over point sources across the globe with a spatial resolution as high as 5.5 km×3.5 km (7 km×3.5 km before 6 August 2019). The DLR nitrogen dioxide (NO2) retrieval algorithm for the TROPOMI instrument consists of three steps: the spectral fitting of the slant column, the separation of stratospheric and tropospheric contributions, 5 and the conversion of the slant column to a vertical column using an air mass factor (AMF) calculation. In this work, an improved DLR tropospheric NO2 retrieval algorithm from TROPOMI measurements over Europe is presented. The stratospheric estimation is implemented using the STRatospheric Estimation Algorithm from Mainz (STREAM), which was developed as a verification algorithm for TROPOMI and does not require chemistry transport model data as input. A directionally dependent STREAM (DSTREAM) is developed to correct for the dependency of the stratospheric NO2 on the viewing 10 geometry by up to 2× 10 molec/cm2. Applied to synthetic TROPOMI data, the uncertainty in the stratospheric column is 3.5× 10 molec/cm2 for polluted conditionsin case of significant tropospheric sources. Applied to actual measurements, the
Low-level buoyancy as a tool to understand boundary layer transitions

Abstract. Advancements in remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) introduced a new way to observe the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Adequate sampling of the lower atmosphere is key to improving numerical weather models and understanding fine-scale processes. The ABL’s sensitivity to changes in surface fluxes leads to rapid changes in thermodynamic variables. This study proposes using low-level buoyancy to characterize ABL transitions. Previously, buoyancy has been used as a bulk parameter to quantify stability. Higher resolution data from RPAS highlight buoyancy fluctuations. RPAS profiles from two field campaigns are used to assess the evolution of buoyancy under convective and stable boundary layers. Data from these campaigns included challenging events to forecast accurately, such as convective initiation and a low-level jet. Throughout the daily ABL transition, results show that the ABL height determined by the minimum in vertical buoyancy gradient agrees well with proven ABL height metrics, such as potential temperature gradient maxima. Moreover, in the cases presented, low-level buoyancy rapidly increases prior to convective initiation and rapidly decreases prior to the onset of a low-level jet. Low-level buoyancy is a function sensitive in space and time, and with further analysis could be used as a forecasting tool. This study expounds on the utility of buoyancy in the ABL and offers potential uses for future research.
TCRM_A_240125 233..243

Leila Zhianfar Haidar Nadrian Abdolreza Shaghaghi 1 1Health Education & Promotion Department, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 2Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Objective: To systematically retrieve and condense the best possible evidence on the successful interventions that targeted enhancement of therapeutic and lifestyle recommendations adherence in hemodialysis patients (HDPs). Design: An umbrella review of interventional studies. Data Sources: A comprehensive search of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE and Web of science databases to identify relevant publications in 2000–2018 (June) timeframe. Study Selection: Two reviewers independently applied inclusion criteria to select potential systematic reviews assessing the successful interventions that targeted enhancement of therapeutic and lifestyle recommendations adherence in HDPs. Data were summarized for information about the first author(s)’ names, year of publication, type(s) of the intervention and output variables, main findings and also the applied quality appraisal tools in the retrieved research evidence. Data Extraction: Eligible studies were selected and data were extracted independently by two reviewers. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI)’s critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews was used to assess the quality of the identified publications, and discrepancies were resolved by consensus with a third reviewer. Data Synthesis: Thirteen systematic reviews (12 solely systematic reviews and 1 systematic review with meta-analyses) were eligible to be enrolled in the study. The range of interventions that had been reported to boost therapeutic and lifestyle recommendations adherence in HDPs’ included psycho-educational programs, physical activity enhancement initiatives, information technology (IT)-based interventions and aromatherapy. Depression, diet biomarkers and interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) were among the myriad of output variables that had been measured as proxies to assess impacts of the implemented interventions. Psycho-educational interventions were among the prevalent initiatives to boost therapeutic and lifestyle recommendations adherence among the HDPs. Conclusion: This umbrella review revealed that various intervention approaches and strategies can be used for HDPs' better therapeutic and lifestyle recommendations adherence with considerable methodological heterogeneity. The pinpointed research evidence is also supporting application of multifaceted interventional modalities to reach an improved acquiescence form the patients’ side and their families. Further studies are recommended to address the interactions across various interventions in discordant socio-cultural contexts.
Field observational constraints on the controllers in glyoxal (CHOCHO) loss to aerosol

Abstract. Glyoxal (CHOCHO), the simplest dicarbonyl in the troposphere, is an important precursor for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and brown carbon (BrC) affecting air-quality and climate. The airborne measurement of CHOCHO concentrations during the KORUS-AQ (KORea-US Air Quality study) campaign in 2016 enables detailed quantification of loss mechanisms, pertaining to SOA formation in the real atmosphere. The production of this molecule was mainly from oxidation of aromatics (59 %) initiated by hydroxyl radical (OH), of which glyoxal forming mechanisms are relatively well constrained. CHOCHO loss to aerosol was found to be the most important removal path (69 %) and contributed to roughly ~20 % (3.7 μg sm−3 ppmv−1 hr−1, normalized with excess CO) of SOA growth in the first 6 hours in Seoul Metropolitan Area. To our knowledge, we show the first field observation of aerosol surface-area (Asurf)-dependent CHOCHO uptake, which diverges from the simple surface uptake assumption as Asurf increases in ambient condition. Specifically, under the low (high) aerosol loading, the CHOCHO effective uptake rate coefficient, keff,uptake, linearly increases (levels off) with Asurf, thus, the irreversible surface uptake is a reasonable (unreasonable) approximation for simulating CHOCHO loss to aerosol. Dependency of photochemical impact, as well as aerosol viscosity, are discussed as other possible factors influencing CHOCHO uptake rate. Our inferred Henry's law coefficient of CHOCHO, 7.0 × 108 M atm−1, is ~2 orders of magnitude higher than those estimated from salting-in effects constrained by inorganic salts only, which urges more understanding on CHOCHO solubility under real atmospheric conditions.