Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of wildland fire smoke on a tree-roosting bat: integrating a plume model, field measurements, and mammalian dose-response relationships.

Faunal injury and mortality in wildland fires is a concern for wildlife and fire management although little work has been done on the mechanisms by which exposures cause their effects. In this paper, we use an integral plume model, field measurements, and models of carbon monoxide and heat effects to explore risk to tree-roosting bats during prescribed fires in mixed-oak forests of southeastern Ohio and eastern Kentucky. Tree-roosting bats are of interest primarily because of the need to mitigate risks for the endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis), our focal species. Blood carboxyhemoglobin concentrations predicted from carbon monoxide data supplemented by model output only approached critical levels just above flames in the most intense fires. By contrast, an ear-heating model driven by plume model output suggested that in- jury to the bat's thermally thin ears would occur up to heights similar to those of foliage necrosis, an effect for which pre- dictive relationships exist. Risks of heat injury increase with fireline intensity and decrease with both roost height and ambient wind. Although more information is needed on bat arousal from torpor and behavior during fires, strategies for re- ducing the risk of heat injury emerge from consideration of the underlying causal processes.
Self-Affirmation and the Biased Processing of Threatening Health-Risk Information

Self-affirming before reading about the link between alcohol and breast cancer promoted increased message acceptance among young women at higher risk. Differences were maintained on variables measured up to 1 month later. Relative to their nonaffirmed counterparts, higher risk, self-affirmed participants had higher ratings of risk, imagination, intention to reduce alcohol consumption, and negative affect, such as fear, while reading the leaflet. In contrast, there were no differences between the groups on measures of broader message acceptance (belief in the link, evidence strength). Thus, self-affirmation promoted acceptance of the personal relevance of the message, a critical step in the precaution adoption process. Overall, the findings support the view that self-affirmation in an unrelated domain can offset defensive processing of a threatening health message, promoting central route persuasion and producing consequential and durable increases in message acceptance.
Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation for articular angle control with an Inverse Dynamics Model tuned by a neural network

A Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation (FNS) system was developed to restore the motor function of people with central nervous system disorders. An FNS articular angle control system with an Inverse Dynamics Model (IDM) tuned by a neural network was proposed. The system was designed to control the elbow joint angles by learning the characteristics of the neuromuscular system of controlled limbs. Three kinds of control schemes using the IDM were proposed. In a simulation experiment, the system was able to learn the abnormal characteristics of a limb and any changes in these characteristics, and then allow for better control of the limb. The results of experiments using human participants showed that the system had ability to control both normal and paralysed limbs.
Proteomic analysis of cancer tissues: Shedding light on carcinogenesis and possible biomarkers

Lung, gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, and esophageal cancers, as well as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), were the six most common and highly fatal cancers for Japanese men in Japan in 2003, while for women uterine cervical cancer could also be added to this list. To identify diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers for these cancers, investigators are nowadays performing proteomic analyses of cancer tissues and cells, and revealing a large number of molecules which are diagnostic, prognostic and informative of carcinogenesis. From reports of proteomic analyses of cancerous tissues and noncancerous tissues sampled from HCC, and pancreatic, esophageal, gastric, colorectal, lung and uterine cervical cancers, we classified the proteins into digestive enzymes, growth factors, cell adhesion molecules, calcium‐binding proteins, proteases, protease inhibitors, transporter proteins, structural molecules, apoptosis inhibitor, molecular chaperone, as well as proteins related to cell growth, cell differentiation, cell transformation, tumor invasion, carcinogen metabolism, and others. The aim of this study was to understand carcinogenesis of major cancers from a proteomics perspective using samples from cancer patients, and to elucidate their tumor biomarkers.
Numerical Calculation and Visualization of Three-dimensional Flows of Engineering Interest

The FORTRAN CFD code 3DINAMICS has been developed to simulate momentum, mass, and heat transfer in laminar and turbulent unsteady three-dimensional flows. The code has been successfully applied to the simulation of several engineering flows, particu- larly we present four different ones: lid-driven cavity, natural convection in a cubical cavity, hydrodynamics in shallow ponds and three-dimensional transient flow in a dump combustor. Once this results have been obtained they have been interpreted converting the numerical files into pictures. In addition to the classical flow visualizations the current work explores two alter- native magnitudes to describe the structural characteristics of flows.
Enhanced one-bit transform for single-frame small target detection

In this paper, an enhanced one-bit-transform-based region of interest (ROI) method is proposed for the infrared small target detection under complex background. This novel method, named as En1BT for short, leverages the local variance weighted information entropy filter to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), followed by the one-bit transform method to automatically compute a valid threshold value for region of interest extraction in an infrared image. Numerical experiments are conducted, where small targets are immerged by the cluttered background. The validity of the enhanced one-bit transform method, comparing other popular ROI extraction methods, is verified in the experiments. Additional, the performance of our enhanced one-bit-transform approach as the detection procedure of a detecting before tracking method is demonstrated in the experiments too.
Extra Double-stranded RNA Binding Domain (dsRBD) in a Squid RNA Editing Enzyme Confers Resistance to High Salt Environment*

Background: Through splicing, squid express a conventional ADAR and a novel form with an extra RNA binding domain. Results: Chloride inhibits the ability of the conventional, but not the novel, ADAR to bind and edit RNA. Conclusion: The extra RNA binding domain allows squid, an osmoconformer, to edit in a high salt environment. Significance: The ability of ADARs to bind RNA is a target for adaptation. A-to-I RNA editing is particularly common in coding regions of squid mRNAs. Previously, we isolated a squid editing enzyme (sqADAR2) that shows a unique structural feature when compared with other ADAR2 family members: an additional double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding domain (dsRBD). Alternative splicing includes or excludes this motif, generating a novel or a conventional variant termed sqADAR2a and sqADAR2b, respectively. The extra dsRBD of sqADAR2a increases its editing activity in vitro. We hypothesized that the high activity is due to an increase in the affinity of the enzyme for dsRNA. This may be important because protein-RNA interactions can be influenced by physical factors. We became particularly interested in analyzing the effects of salt on interactions between sqADAR2 and RNA because squid cells have a ∼3-fold higher ionic strength and proportionally more Cl− than vertebrate cells. To date, in vitro biochemical analyses of adenosine deamination have been conducted using vertebrate-like ionic strength buffers containing chloride as the major anion, although the vast majority of cellular anions are known to be organic. We found that squid-like salt conditions severely impair the binding affinity of conventional ADAR2s for dsRNA, leading to a decrease in nonspecific and site-specific editing activity. Inhibition of editing was mostly due to high Cl− levels and not to the high concentrations of K+, Na+, and organic anions like glutamate. Interestingly, the extra dsRBD in sqADAR2a conferred resistance to the high Cl− levels found in squid neurons. It does so by increasing the affinity of sqADAR2 for dsRNA by 30- or 100-fold in vertebrate-like or squid-like conditions, respectively. Site-directed mutagenesis of squid ADAR2a showed that its increased affinity and editing activity are directly attributable to the RNA binding activity of the extra dsRBD.
Two-Element PIFA Antenna System With Inherent Performance of Low Mutual Coupling

This letter presents and demonstrates a new technique for reducing mutual coupling between closely packed antenna elements. Just locating the antenna element near the edge of ground plate and without adding any additional baffler between elements, the inherent performance of low mutual coupling is attained in the two-element antenna system. Furthermore, this inherent characteristic does not depend on element orientation arrangement and element form, but the coupling routes of the electromagnetic energy. The operation mechanism is explored and explained based on electromagnetic wave propagation theory. The proposed technique has a good application potential to integrate multiantenna elements into a space-limited platform.
Evaluation of an evidence-based guideline for bronchiolitis.

OBJECTIVE To describe the effect of implementing an evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the inpatient care of infants with bronchiolitis at the Children's Hospital Medical Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. METHODOLOGY A multidisciplinary team generated the guideline for infants < or = 1 year old who were admitted to the hospital with a first-time episode of typical bronchiolitis. The guideline was implemented January 15, 1997, and data on all patients admitted with bronchiolitis from that date through March 27, 1997, were compared with data on similar patients admitted in the same periods in the years 1993 through 1996. Data were extracted from hospital charts and clinical and financial databases. They included LOS and use and costs of resources ancillary to bed occupancy. RESULTS After implementation of the guideline, admissions decreased 29% and mean LOS decreased 17%. Nasopharyngeal washings for respiratory syncytial virus were obtained in 52% fewer patients. Twenty percent fewer chest radiographs were ordered. There were significant reductions in the use of all respiratory therapies, with a 30% decrease in the use of at least 1 beta-agonist inhalation therapy. In addition, 51% fewer repeated inhalations were administered. Mean costs for all resources ancillary to bed occupancy decreased 37%. Mean costs for respiratory care services decreased 77%. CONCLUSIONS An evidence-based clinical practice guideline for managing bronchiolitis was highly successful in modifying care during its first year of implementation.guideline, bronchiolitis, evidence-based medicine, pediatrics, outcome research.
Enhancing cloud security based on group signature

Using the eccentric of truncated preservation, cloud computing gives a reasonable and proficient result for distributing cluster resources among cloud clients. Regrettably, distributing data in a multi user fashion whereas maintaining data and individuality privacy from an unfaith cloud is quiet a puzzling concern, because of the recurrent change of the participation. The proposed system focuses a protected multi user data distributing method, for active clusters in the cloud. Using group signature and active broadcast encryption methods, any cloud client can secretly distribute data among others. Provisionally, the storage load and encryption calculation cost of the proposed method is liberated from the amount of repealed clients. Additionally, the security and performance analysis of the proposed method shows that, much more efficient and secure than all other existing methods.
Posttranscriptional autoregulation of Escherichia coli threonyl tRNA synthetase expression in vivo

Five mutations in thrS, the gene for threonyl-tRNA synthetase, have been characterized, and the sites of the mutations have been localized to different regions of the thrS gene by recombination with M13 phage carrying portions of the thrS gene. Quantitative immunoblotting shows that some of these mutations cause the overproduction of structurally altered threonyl-tRNA synthetase in vivo. The amounts of in vivo thrS mRNA as measured by quantitative hybridization are, however, the same as wild-type levels for each mutant. These results demonstrate that the expression of threonyl-tRNA synthetase is autoregulated at the posttranscriptional level in vivo.
The Guide Wire Method: A New Technique for Easier Side-to-End Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis

AbstractLymphaticovenular anastomosis has become one of the treatment options for lymphedema. Among several types of anastomosis, side-to-end anastomosis in which a window is made on the wall of a lymphatic vessel is considered to be the most effective, because it creates bidirectional bypasses through 1 anastomosis. However, making a side-to-end anastomosis with a small lymphatic vessel and a venule can be technically challenging. We developed a new technique using an intravascular stenting that significantly facilitates the procedure.
A Dissipative Integral Sliding Mode Control Redesign Method

This paper develops a new method of integral sliding mode control redesign for a class of perturbed nonlinear dissipative switched systems by modifying the dissipativity- based control law that was designed for the unperturbed systems. The nominal model is considered affine with matched and unmatched perturbations. The redesigned control law includes an integral sliding-based control signal such that the system always operates on the sliding mode and the dissipativity of the perturbed switched system is maintained from the initial time of the system operation for the norm bounded perturbations. The proposed techniques eliminate the restrictive design conditions on the derivative of storage functions offered in a recent work. In addition, the global dissipativity of the perturbed system is always maintained if the original unperturbed system is globally dissipative. Depending on the type of stability of the unperturbed system, the designed control law for the perturbed system guarantees robust exponential or asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system. The theoretical results are applied to nonlinear switched systems, and the convergence of the state vectors to the origin is verified by simulation in presence of nonlinear perturbations.
Tissue protein synthesis in lactating and dry goats

Intravenous infusion of L-[3H] phenylalanine (Phe) was carried out for 8 h in dry, non-pregnant and lactating dairy goats. Nitrogen balance was positive in the dry group and negative in the lactating group. Whole-body Phe flux was 50% greater in lactating goats (P < 0.01). Fractional synthesis rates (Ks) of tissue proteins were estimated from plasma- (Ksp) and tissue- (Ksh) specific radioactivities of Phe. In lactating goats, Ksp for mammary gland, duodenum and diaphragm was increased (P < 0.05). Ksp also tended to increase in liver, kidney and rumen (P < 0.08) of lactating goats, but was not different in uterus, spleen, caecum or heart. Values of Ksh were higher than Ksp; however, these measures agreed qualitatively. When absolute rates of protein synthesis were calculated, an increased contribution of mammary and visceral organs was seen in lactating goats. Ks and absolute rates of protein synthesis of hind-limb skin were less in lactating goats (P < 0.05). A decreased proportion of skeletal muscle (P < 0.01) and decreased Ks resulted in lower absolute synthesis of hind-limb muscle protein in lactating animals (P < 0.05). Decreased rates of muscle and skin protein synthesis would appear to participate in alterations of protein metabolism, permitting lactation to occur at the expense of body reserves.
Identification of the Region in Yeast S-II That Defines Species Specificity in Its Interaction with RNA Polymerase II*

Yeast S-II was found to stimulate yeast RNA polymerase II only and not mouse RNA polymerase II. To identify the molecular region of S-II that defines species specificity, we constructed six hybrid S-II molecules consisting of three regions from yeast and/or Ehrlich cell S-II and examined their activity in terms of RNA polymerase II specificity and suppression of 6-azauracil sensitivity in the yeast S-II null mutant. We found that the region 132–270 (amino acid positions) of yeast S-II is indispensable for specific interaction with yeast RNA polymerase II in vitroand for suppression of 6-azauracil sensitivity in vivo. The corresponding region of Ehrlich cell S-II, the region 132–262, was also shown to be essential for its interaction with mouse RNA polymerase II. This region is known to be less conserved than the N- and C-terminal regions in the S-II family suggesting that it is important in the interaction with transcription machinery proteins in a tissue and/or species-specific manner.
Coarse-to-fine facial landmarks localization based on convolutional feature

Accurate facial landmarks localization (FLL) plays an important role in face recognition, face tracking and 3D face reconstruction. It can be formulated as a regression problem, which outputs facial landmarks positions from the detected face image. Deep constitutional neural network (CNN) has achieved great success in vision tasks, but it is insignificant to use it directly. In this paper, instead of adopting CNN model straightforwardly, we combine different convolutional features with extreme machine learning (ELM) in a cascade framework to achieve accurate FLL. Specifically, we extract globally and spatially convolutional feature in the first stage for containing better localization property by training deep CNN, which takes the whole face region as input and concatenates lower layers with higher layers. Then, we extract locally and correlatedly convolutional feature in the following stages for preserving shape constraint by building multi-objective CNN, which inputs local patches centered at the current landmarks and concatenates independent subnetwork of each landmark together. Moreover, the regressor embedded in CNN is replaced by the robust ELM for accurate shape regression. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method performs better in challenging datasets.
Impact of Peritumoral Edema on Overall Survival in Glioblastoma Multiforme

RESULTS While average survival was 16.67±3.99 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.85-24.49 months) and 1and 3-year survival rates were 50% and 16.7%, respectively, for patients without edema, average survival was 13.74±1.95 months (95% CI: 9.91-17.58 months) and 1and 3-year survival rates were 35.6% and 8.5%, respectively, for patients with edema. No statistical difference between them was found (p=0.297).
Combined Magnetic-Equivalent-Circuit and Finite-Element modelling of Switched Reluctance Machines

This paper focuses on the fast modelling of Switched Reluctance Machines (SRMs) through a combined Magnetic-Equivalent-Circuit (MEC) and Finite-Element (FE) approaches. The “easy” parts of the machine, in which the flux density is rather uniform, i.e. the stator and rotor yoke, and part of the stator and rotor poles, are modelled with reluctances, whereas the airgap flux and the local saturation of the pole cornes is considered with a reduced FE model in a preprocessing step. With this hybrid MEC-FE model, the characteristic flux-linkage curves can be obtained with good accuracy and low computation time, taking the full FE model as reference, and as demonstrated on an 8/6 SRM. The capability of the MEC-FE model to assess the influence of different machine parameters is also studied in this paper.
The influence of sublexical and lexical representations on the processing of spoken words in English

Previous research suggests that sublexical and lexical representations are involved in spoken word recognition. The current experiment examined when sublexical and lexical representations are used in the processing of real words in English. The same set of words varying in phonotactic probability/neighbourhood density was presented in three different versions of a same‐different matching task: (1) mostly real words as filler items, (2) an equal number of words and nonsense words as filler items and (3) mostly nonsense words as filler items. The results showed that lexical representations were used in version 1 of the same‐different matching task to process the words, whereas sublexical representations were used in version 3 of the same‐different matching task to process the words. Finally, in version 2 of the same‐different matching task individual variation was observed in the form of distinct sublexical and lexical biases. Implications for the processing of spoken words are discussed.
The early history of data networks

Bargaining with reading habit is no need. Reading is not kind of something sold that you can take or not. It is a thing that will change your life to life better. It is the thing that will give you many things around the world and this universe, in the real world and here after. As what will be given by this the early history of data networks, how can you bargain with the thing that has many benefits for you?
Digitizing historical plague.

TO THE EDITOR– Outbreaks of bubonic plague initiated by the flea-borne bacterium Yersinia pestis have repeatedly afflicted the Old World since the onset of the ‘Justinian Plague’ in 541 AD [1]. The second European pandemic, the ‘Black Death’ rapidly killed around half of the population during 1347–1353 AD. Both pandemics then persisted with recurrent local outbreaks over several centuries. The reason for the eventual cessation of each pandemic remains mysterious [1], particularly in light of continued activity in Asia [2] where the infection is enzootic in its natural rodent hosts [3]. Socio-political influences have often compounded the complexity of plague ecology, likely increasing the spillover of infection into human populations [1–3]. The threat from the plague bacillus, which still induces several thousand human cases annually, may well increase under projected climate change [1] – and, ominously, within the context of bioterrorism [4]. Knowledge of plague ecology, epidemiology, and pathophysiology is,
Functional Programming and Parallel Graph Rewriting

From the Publisher: The descriptive power and semantic elegance of modern functional languages make it possible to develop correct programs relatively quickly. Efficient implementations of functional languages, employing graph rewriting techniques, have only recently become available. This book illustrates the techniques of functional programming in Miranda and Clean, and focuses on the computational model of Graph Rewriting Systems for both sequential and parallel machines. Highlights of the book include a clear tutorial guide to functional programming in Miranda and Clean, in-depth coverage of implementation on both sequential and parallel machines, and unique focus on Graph Rewriting Systems as a computational model. The book will be equally valuable for students taking courses in functional programming, and for programmers or systems designers who are keen to explore state-of-the-art programming and implementation techniques. The Concurrent Clean System, which is available from the authors, offers the opportunity to write both sequential and parallel applications (including window-based systems) in a pure, lazy functional language.