Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UVBR-induced DNA damage in natural marine picoplankton assemblages in the tropical Atlantic Ocean

UVBR (ultraviolet-B radiation: 280 to 315 nm)-induced DNA damage, measured as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), was determined in size fractions of natural populations of bacterio- and phytoplankton collected in marine tropical waters. Mean biologically effective UVBR doses in the wind-mixed layer were calculated from DNA dosimeter data. Phytoplankton species composition in these waters was monitored using flow cytometry and pigment analyses. In terms of (divinyl-)chlorophyll a concentrations, prochlorophytes and cyanobacteria comprised the largest fraction of the phytoplankton, except in a eutrophic bay at Curacao an island located in the southern Caribbean. In terms of cell numbers and amount of DNA, small prochlorophytes and marine bacteria dominated. Small but detectable levels of UVBR-induced DNA damage were found at all locations. In general, more DNA damage was found in the small size fraction (0.2 to 1 mu m) than in the larger size fraction (1 to 10 mu m). The greatest amount of damage was found in the small size fraction collected in the central Atlantic Ocean (20 CPDs/10(6) nucleotides), despite the fact that UVBR doses were much higher at other locations. The calculated mean biologically effective UVBR doses in the wind-mixed layer were 2 to 17 times lower as compared with incident UVBR doses. CPD levels determined in cultures of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp, subjected to UVBR doses similar to those in the wind-mixed layer corresponded with CPD levels measured in the 1 to 10 mu m fraction in the field. Our results indicate that UVBR vulnerability is size dependent. Furthermore, the low CPD levels observed in these field communities may be explained by the low mean biologically effective doses received by the cells as a result of wind-induced mixing.
Rapid and synchronous ice‐dynamic changes in East Greenland

Two major outlet glaciers in East Greenland have suddenly begun to accelerate and retreat. The speeds of Kangerdlugssuaq and Helheim remained steady during the 1990s despite progressive and substantial thinning, but have abruptly increased within the last two years, more than doubling ice flux to the ocean. Had it been an isolated example, the comparable 1998 speed‐up of Jakobshavn Isbræ in West Greenland might have been explained simply by its chance retreat past a pinning point. Now that two further Greenland outlets have exhibited similar behavior, a common process seems likely. A remarkable correspondence in the inter‐annual patterns of speed and ice‐front variation between Kangerdlugssuaq and Helheim implies a significant sensitivity to regional environmental factors. The period of continued warming and thinning appears to have primed these glaciers for a step‐change in dynamics not included in current models. We should expect further Greenland outlet glaciers to follow suit.
Content-Based Video Emotion Tagging Augmented by Users’ Multiple Physiological Responses

The intrinsic interactions among a video's emotion tag, its content, and a user's spontaneous responses while consuming the video can be leveraged to improve video emotion tagging, but such interactions have not been thoroughly exploited yet. In this paper, we propose a novel content-based video emotion tagging approach augmented by users' multiple physiological responses, which are only required during training. Specifically, a better emotion tagging model is constructed by introducing similarity constraints on the classifiers from video content and multiple physiological signals available during training. Maximum margin classifiers are adopted and efficient learning algorithms of the proposed model are also developed. Furthermore, the proposed video emotion tagging approach is extended to utilize incomplete physiological signals, since these signals are often corrupted by artifacts. Experiments on four benchmark databases demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for implicitly integrating multiple physiological responses, and its superior performance to existing methods using both complete and incomplete multiple physiological signals.
Broken ergodicity in driven one-dimensional particle systems with short-range interaction

We present a one-dimensional nonequilibrium model for a driven di�usive system which has local interactions and slow nonconservative reaction kinetics. Monte-Carlo simulations suggest that in the thermodynamic limit the steady state exhibits a phase with broken ergodicity. We propose a hydrodynamic equation for the coarse-grained density (under Eulerian scaling), augmented by a prescription how to treat shock and boundary discontinuities, respectively. This conjecture can be readily generalized to other weakly nonconservative driven di�usive systems and is supported by a heuristic identi�cation of the main dynamical mode that governs the microscopic dynamics, viz. the random motion of a shock in an self-organized e�ective potential. This picture leads to the exact phase diagram of the system and suggests a novel and mathematically tractable mechanism for \freezing by heating".
Procedia Geo-neutrinos and Earth Models

We present the current status of geo-neutrino measurements and their implications for radiogenic heating in the mantle. Earth models predict different levels of radiogenic heating and, therefore, different geo-neutrino fluxes from the mantle. Seismic tomography reveals features in the deep mantle possibly correlated with radiogenic heating and causing spatial variations in the mantle geo-neutrino flux at the Earth surface. An ocean-based observatory offers the greatest sensitivity to the mantle flux and potential for resolving Earth models and mantle features. Refinements to estimates of the geo-neutrino flux from continental crust reduce uncertainty in measurements of the mantle flux, especially measurements from land-based observatories. These refinements enable the resolution of Earth models using the combined measurements from multiple continental observatories. c © 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
An Innovative Emotion Assessment using Physiological Signals Based on The Combination Mechanism

The main purpose of this paper is the assessment of emotions using Electroencephalogram (EEG) and peripheral physiological signals and improve recognition accuracy of emotional states using combination mechanism. At the first step, according to the type of signals, effective features were extracted in the time and frequency domains; then, by using the Fisher’s Linear Discriminant (FLD) method, the most effective features were selected. Based on these features, six classifiers were used: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Nearest Mean (NM), K-Nearest Neighborhood (K-NN), 1-Nearest Neighborhood (1-NN), FLD and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). They classified emotions in two classes (low and high) through arousal, valence and liking dimensions. The leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) method has been implemented to evaluate the performance of classifiers. To enhance the accuracy of classification, combination at feature and classifier levels were performed. Via the concatenation method, combination at feature level was done. Then, by Majority voting, Fixed and Stacking algorithms, combination at classifier level were implemented. Results showed that these classifiers were selected properly and comparing with previous works, good improvements were achieved by them. Finally, by using combination methods, obtained recognition accuracy was much more reliable and combination at classifier level resulted in significant improvement
Tensor Total Variation Regularized Moving Object Detection for Surveillance Videos

The classical Background Subtraction (BS) and Moving Object Detection (MOD) problems function on the matrix framework considering each frame as a matrix. This work proposes a method in which the video data is treated as a tensor throughout the implementation and thereby ensuring efficient utilization of the structural properties of the video volume. It also addresses the dynamic background issue (swaying trees, moving water, waves etc.) by solving a tensor optimization algorithm of a convex formulation that is convergent in nature. Moreover, the low-rank property is used to extract the structured part of the scene while Tensor Total Variation (TTV) is incorporated to draw out the foreground part of the emotive surroundings. The excellence of this method lies in the reduced execution time and on the superiority acquired in quantitative evaluation based on F-measure, Recall, and Precision with respect to the state of the art methods.
Multiple beam interference with near-grazing waves in dielectric wedges: polarization dependence

La contribuciOn de la interferencia de m´ultiples ondas casi-rasantes se ha reconocido como responsable de los brillantes patrones de interferencia que aparecen en cuvas dielectricas. Por ondas casi-rasantes entendemos ondas viajeras cuyos vectores de propagaciOn forman angulos cercanos a π/2 respecto de las superficies dielectricas planas. Cuando dos de estas superficies se acercan para formar una cuva conteniendo ondas casi-rasantes, aparecen dos caracteristicas que determinan la tormaciOn de patrones de interferencia. Primero, los valores de los coeficientes de reflexiOn de Fresnel resultan cercanos a la unidad. Segundo, la dependencia de la fane como funciOn de la separaciOn entre las interfaces sigue un comportamiento constante por tramos. Ambas caracteristicas dependen de la polarizaciOn de las ondas interferentes, de modo que es de esperarse una dependencia en la polarizaciOn por parte de los patrones de interferencia. Se presentan resultados numericos para las polarizaciones sy p bajo iluminaciones tanto monocromatica como policromatica. Se muestran tambien observaciones experimentales.
Real-Time Driver's Hypovigilance Detection using Facial Landmarks

Recently, driver hypovigilance (drowsiness and fatigue) becomes one of the principal causes of traffic crashes, it can prompt many deaths, wounds and many economic losses. Therefore, the use of a system that takes into account the driver's level of vigilance can play an important role in preventing accidents and saving human lives. In this work, we propose a non-intrusive driver hypovigilance detection system in real-time. This system makes it possible to detect drowsiness by the identification of MicroSleep corresponding to a sleepiness of more than 2 seconds through the analysis of eye-closure, and to identify fatigue by the analysis of the movement of the mouth to detect yawning. In case of drowsiness or fatigue, an alert is launched to make the driver vigilant and thus definitely avoid road accidents, decrease the percentage of murders and injuries caused by driver hypovigilance, then save many human lives. Experiments were conducted in real time to evaluate the proposed approach.
The role of habitat heterogeneity on signal evolution in predator–prey interactions, with implications for the evolution of crypsis and aposematism

9 Little is known about mechanisms promoting the diversity of antipredation strategies 10 found in nature. In this study I explore how habitat heterogeneity may have profound 11 effects on predator–prey communication. Habitat heterogeneity inevitably increases 12 background noise in communication systems. Therefore, as habitat heterogeneity 13 increases, an organism must produce more signal in order to convey the same amount 14 of information (signal–to–noise ratio; S/N). Therefore, all else equal, strategies 15 maximizing S/N (e.g. aposematism, sexually–selected traits) should become more 16 exacerbated as habitat heterogeneity increases, whereas strategies minimizing S/N 17 (e.g. crypsis) should show the opposite trend. A test of this hypothesis is provided 18 based on information on detection-avoidance strategies ofGhanaian preying mantids. 19 If this hypothesis is widely applicable, it can provide a parsimonious explanation for 20 the origin of aposematism, given that the same organisms can become more cryptic or 21 aposematic simply by shifting their habitats and the corresponding levels of 22 background noise. 23 24 Key–wordsWaldo effect, camouflage, antipredation, sexual selection, sensory drive. 25 PeerJ PrePrints | http://dx.doi. org/10.7287/peerj.preprints. 865v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 1 Mar 2015, publ: 1 Mar 2015 P re P rin ts
Optimal subgraph structures in scale-free configuration models

Subgraphs reveal information about the geometry and functionalities of complex networks. For scale-free networks with unbounded degree fluctuations, we count the number of times a small connected graph occurs as a subgraph (motif counting) or as an induced subgraph (graphlet counting). We obtain these results by analyzing the configuration model with degree exponent $\tau\in(2,3)$ and introducing a novel class of optimization problems. For any given subgraph, the unique optimizer describes the degrees of the nodes that together span the subgraph. We find that every subgraph occurs typically between vertices with specific degree ranges. In this way, we can count and characterize {\it all} subgraphs. We refrain from double counting in the case of multi-edges, essentially counting the subgraphs in the {\it erased} configuration model.
Microbial activities on Trichodesmium colonies

During a cruise from 20 May to 19 June 1994 in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean between 30 and 10°N and in the Caribbean Sea, heterotrophic bacterial activities on colonies of the filamentous cyanobacterium Tr~chodesrnium spp. were investigated. Thymidine incorporation rates between 0.011 and 0.045 pm01 h-' colony-' and leucine incorporation between 0.007 and 0 332 pm01 h-' colony-' were found. Turnover times of glucose varied between 31 and 267 d colony-' The hydrolysis rates (Hr) determined a t trace concentrations of substrates ranged between 0.88 and 16.92 %, h ' colony ' ' for phosphatase activities, between 0.01 and 0.87 ",l h-' co lony1 for a-glucosidase activities, between 0.03 and 1.24% h-' colony-' for P-glucosidase activities, between 0.02 and 0.58% h' colony-' for P-glucos a m ~ n ~ d a s e activity, and between 0.40 and 7.60"1, h-' colony-' for leuclne peptidase activities, respectlvely. The quotient of glucose turnover and hydrolysis rate suggests that large quantltles of released matter were not taken up by adherent bacteria. Most likely this dissolved material diffuses into the surrounding water and is available for free living bacteria. Thymidine incorporation of free living bacteria in surrounding water ranged between 0.977 and 18.49 pm01 h' I-' and for leucine incorporation between 21.44 and 127.67 pm01 h ' I ' The turnover time of glucose of free living bacteria was between 24 and 109 d . Since abundance of colonles was approxin~ately 7 colonies I ' , this indicates that the activity of free living bacteria was substantially higher than that of attached bacteria on Tr~chodesm~um colonies in the same volume of water
Simulating the formation of carbonaceous aerosol in a European Megacity (Paris) during the MEGAPOLI summer and winter campaigns

Abstract. We use a three-dimensional regional chemical transport model (PMCAMx) with high grid resolution and high-resolution emissions (4 × 4 km2) over the Paris greater area to simulate the formation of carbonaceous aerosol during a summer (July 2009) and a winter (January/February 2010) period as part of the MEGAPOLI (megacities: emissions, urban, regional, and global atmospheric pollution and climate effects, and Integrated tools for assessment and mitigation) campaigns. Model predictions of carbonaceous aerosol are compared against Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer and black carbon (BC) high time resolution measurements from three ground sites. PMCAMx predicts BC concentrations reasonably well reproducing the majority (70 %) of the hourly data within a factor of two during both periods. The agreement for the summertime secondary organic aerosol (OA) concentrations is also encouraging (mean bias = 0.1 µg m−3) during a photochemically intense period. The model tends to underpredict the summertime primary OA concentrations in the Paris greater area (by approximately 0.8 µg m−3) mainly due to missing primary OA emissions from cooking activities. The total cooking emissions are estimated to be approximately 80 mg d−1 per capita and have a distinct diurnal profile in which 50 % of the daily cooking OA is emitted during lunch time (12:00–14:00 LT) and 20 % during dinner time (20:00–22:00 LT). Results also show a large underestimation of secondary OA in the Paris greater area during wintertime (mean bias = −2.3 µg m−3) pointing towards a secondary OA formation process during low photochemical activity periods that is not simulated in the model.
Entropy Gradient Maximization for Systems with Discoupled Time

The conventional definition of time based on the period of oscillations or fluctuations around equilibrium states is considered in the framework of the local formalism of entropy gradient maximization. This definition is shown to be an arbitrary chioce of the time scale in a special case of systems with discoupled 'clock'-degree of freedom. The relation between the conventional definition of time and the time- reference degree of freedom in the local formalism of entropy gradient maximization is established. In this framework it is entirely a restric- tion on the special case of the entropy function with the separated time-reference degree of freedom. A transformation to this special form is discussed and illustrated with a standard example.
Effect of Toxin Binders on Immune Response and Antioxidant Pro le of Broilers in Sublethal Ochratoxicosis

The immune response to NDV vaccination and liver antioxidant pro le of broilers fed with ochratoxin at 0.5ppm level under cover of two commercially available toxin binders were studied. NDV-B and NDV-L vaccinations were done on the 7th and 28th day respectively and the results are documented.
The Determinants of Capital Structure Choice: Evidence from Libyan Firms

This study investigates the determinants of capital structure of Libyan firms listed in the stock exchange. The investigation is performed using two models Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) for panel data and OLS cross-sectional regression estimator approach for eighth listed firms over the period 2008 to 2013. This study employs two alternative leverage measures including: equity book value (LEVB) and equity market value (LEVM) as dependent variables and three determinant factors including: financial market development variables, banking sector development variables and individual firm leverage variables as determinants of capital structure. Empirical findings reveal that both the trade-off and the pecking order theories can explain in Libyan firms’ financing decisions. These results indicate that high price-earnings ratios and high interest rates will cause firms to choose equity over debt, as both of these factors reduce the cost of equity finance. Furthermore, the results suggest an unimportant role for economic growth and inflation rates in explaining the variation in debt-equity ratios. Results show that further development in the stock market indicators are negatively and significantly related to the leverage ratios in (Libyan firms) suggesting that as equity markets become more developed and their liquidity improves, their importance as tools for corporate financing increase by allowing firms to issue more equity and reduce their reliance on debt, which implies that transaction costs for equity are high relative to debt, firms are credit constrained or that the issue cost of equity high due lack of competition among investment banks, or it is possible that improved information dissemination, monitoring and risk sharing, market firms better credit risks for bank loans, while banking sector variables (especially bank deposits) are significantly and positively associated with debt equity ratio. Keywords: Capital Structure, Stock Exchange, Trade-off Theory, Pecking Order Theory, Agency Theory, OLS Cross-sectional Regression, GMM Estimation, Libyan Emerging Markets.
Psychological Burden and Medication Adherence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Patients

BACKGROUND: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which is a combination therapy that uses antiretroviral drugs, represents the only available therapy for combating the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. For Korean patients with HIV, it is difficult to maintain an optimal medication. The HIV- positive Korean patients that suffer from psychological burdens have low levels of medication adherence, which can lead to an increased mortality rate and a deteriorated quality of life. AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of medication adherence of Korean patients with HIV, and to identify the pathway through which the psychological burden impact medication adherence. METHODS: With a sample of 265 HIV-positive patients, the direct and indirect effects of the psychological burden on treatment adherence were estimated with structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The variable that had a significant direct effect on medication adherence was self-management (β = .31, p = .002). Psychological burden was found to have a significant impact on medication adherence mediated by self-management (β = -.15, p = .002). CONCLUSION: These results revealed that continuous monitoring of patients’ psychological burdens, as well as the development and application of intervention programs focused on psychological support and self-management, are necessary to improve medication adherence.
Locating lexical richness : a corpus linguistic, sociovariational analysis

This article discusses a quantitative analysis of the distribution of lexical richness, using a corpus of spoken Dutch (CGN, Schuurman et al., 2003). Lexical richness measures have been a concern both in applied linguistics (see e.g. Read, 2000) and in the context of word frequency distributions (Baayen, 2001). In applied linguistics, lexical tests mostly focus on child language acquisition or on the extent of vocabulary acquisition of (typically L2) language users, while word frequency distributions statistically model the vocabulary in (a collection of) longer texts. Yet, relatively little research has been conducted that specifically attempts to investigate the distribution of vocabulary use from a sociolinguistic, variationist perspective, integrating the effect of extralinguistic parameters, such as register or region, in a multivariate analysis. For this analysis, the type-token ratio’s (TTR’s) of equally sized and relatively small texts chunks, sampled from the different corpus components, are analyzed. It will be shown that the register of the texts strongly determines their lexical richness, while the effect of the other factors analyzed (viz. ‘sex’, ‘educational level’ and ‘region’) is less strong. Therefore, a more in-depth analysis of the different registers is proposed. Analyses of subsamples per part of speech reveal significant differences in the distribution of the TTR’s over the registers, especially for nouns. The results point at the influence of thematic and stylistic effects on the lexical richness of a text. It will be argued that it is necessary to locate these effects, in order to allow for a more fine-grained analysis of the sociovariational distribution of lexical richness.