Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yields of Bombyx Mori L. Races Cocoons CSR19, Kolar Gold and Csr2xcsr4 Reared Fed with V1 Variety of Mulberry Leaves Cultivated by Spentwash Irrigation

CSR19, Kolar gold and CSR2xCSR4 varieties of silkwo rm were reared using V1 variety of mulberry leaves cultivated by different proportions of spentwash irrigation. Influence of SW irrigated V1 Mulberry leaves on the yields of different varieties of cocoons of silkworms at their respective maturity was investigated. It was found that the yields of CSR19, Kolar gold and CSR2xCSR4 were high in case of Mulberry leaves irrigated with 33% SW than raw water and 50% spent wash irrigations [the percentage yield was maximum in the case of CS R2xCSR4 (28.0%) and minimum in Kolar Gold (24.37%) and moderate in CSR19 (27.14%)]. This concludes that the diluted (33%) spentwash irrigated mulberry leaves is most suitable for the rearing of the above varieties of cocoons, which el evates the economy of the farmers
Pharmabot: A Pediatric Generic Medicine Consultant Chatbot

—The paper introduces a Pharmabot: A Pediatric Generic Medicine Consultant Chatbot. It is a conversational chatbot that is designed to prescribe, suggest and give information on generic medicines for children. The study introduces a computer application that act as a medicine consultant for the patients or parents who are confused with the generic medicines. The researchers use Left and Right Parsing Algorithm in their study to come up with the desired result. 
Economic Growth and Financial Development in Jordan: An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach

The objective of the present paper is to investigate the impact of financial development along with some selected macroeconomic variables on economic growth in Jordan using annual data covering the period from 1976 to 2013. The research methodology employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) Model (Bonding test approach to cointegration) to estimate the relationships among variables. The estimation results of the ARDL model revealed that the said variables are cointegrated and there is a long-run equilibrium relationship among variables, and hence, there is a long-run form of causal relationship. The long-run estimation results disclosed a significant negative relationship between economic growth and financial development in Jordan. Moreover, the negative and significant one lagged period error correction term indicates that the causal direction runs from financial development indicator to economic growth. The results provide support for the finance-led growth hypothesis in Jordan. Moreover, trade openness and government variables have the expected positive impacts on economic growth, while inflation (CPI) variable was positive but insignificant.
singcar: Comparing single cases to small samples in R

Case-control comparisons are a class of statistical tests allowing researchers to compare single cases to populations estimated from a sample. Such tests have wide potential utility, but historically have been applied mostly in the fields of cognitive and clinical neuropsychology, to infer whether individuals have suffered significant cognitive changes as the consequence of a brain lesion. One may wish to estimate whether that individual has abnormally low performance on some cognitive ability, or if one cognitive ability is abnormally discrepant with respect to another cognitive ability. John Crawford, Paul Garthwaite and colleagues have developed several related methods to statistically test for abnormality on a single variate and abnormality of the difference between two variates when a single case is compared to a small sample, while controlling the Type I error rate (Crawford et al., 2011; Crawford & Garthwaite, 2002, 2007, 2005; e.g., Crawford & Howell, 1998). This paper presents the R package singcar in which they are implemented. Due to recent discussion on the fundamental power limits of these tests (McIntosh & Rittmo, 2020) the package also includes associated power calculators.
The Agency Problem, Corporate Governance, and the Asymmetrical Behavior of Selling, General, and Administrative Costs

Prior studies have documented the asymmetrical behavior of selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs (i.e., SG&A costs increase more when activity rises than they decrease when activity falls), and have explained this phenomenon primarily with economic factors. Drawing on agency theory, we argue that SG&A cost asymmetry is driven not only by economic factors but also by the agency problem which causes a shift in SG&A cost asymmetry away from its optimal level. Using data for S&P 1500 firms over the period 1996–2005, we find that the degree of SG&A cost asymmetry is positively associated with managers’ empire building incentives due to the agency problem (measured by free cash flow and CEO horizon, tenure, and compensation structure), suggesting that the agency problem provides an additional explanation for SG&A cost asymmetry. Moreover, we find that strong corporate governance mitigates the positive association between the agency problem and the degree of SG&A cost asymmetry. In additional analyses, we also find that the agency problem influences cost stickiness to a greater extent in mature firms and in firms where SG&A costs create low future value.
Effect of Application of Silver Nanoparticle on Fibrin Density Post Dental Extraction (Trial at Sprague dawley Rats)

Post extraction bleeding is one of the most common in oral surgery procedures. It has been attributed to various factors that can be broadly classified as local and systemic factors.One of themanagement bleeding complications is non-surgical interventions included haemostatic agents application. Silver nanoparticle has been has been widely used in medicine, for example as a burn dressing, contraceptives, layers of surgical instruments and basic ingredients of bone prostheses and as anti-microbes. This study aims to analyze the effect of Silver Nanoparticle (SNP) on the hemostasis process after tooth extraction of Sprague dawley rats as test animals. This study was a pure experimental study conducted on 27 animals of Sprague dawley rats after tooth extraction, which was divided into three groups of equal size. The first group was the control group, the second group was the treatment group that applied 250 ppm SNP gel, and the third group was the group that applied 500 ppm SNP gel. Tooth extraction and application of test materials on animal tooth sockets are carried out in anesthetized animals. After 5 minutes of application of the test material, the animal was euthanasized and necropted to take socket tissue samples for histopathological preparations and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. Assessment of the effectiveness of the test material was carried out based on assessment of fibrin density on histopathological preparations The results showed the effect of SNP on the hemostasis process seen from fibrin density. This was demonstrated in the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis statistical test with Mann Whitney further test, fibrin density in 500 ppm SNP gel administration group described significant results. The conclusion of this study is that SNP gel can increase fibrin density after tooth extraction in Sprague dawley rats.
Effect of Yoganidra on Blood Pressure, Hs-CRP, and Lipid Profile of Hypertensive Subjects: A Pilot Study

Background Yoganidra is a systematic method of promoting a state of complete physical, mental, and emotional relaxation. It is a safe, inexpensive, and very effective method of management of hypertension when used along with standard pharmacological therapy. This study aims to assess the effect of yoganidra on blood pressure (both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)), Hs-CRP, and lipid profile of hypertensive subjects at the time of enrollment (subjects that are hypertensive at the time of enrollment). Methods Both treated and untreated subjects (n = 74) with hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg) and age between 35 and 70 years were included in this study after obtaining ICMR-NIN-IEC approval and written informed consent from all subjects. Subjects with critical illness and/or psychological disturbances were excluded from this study. The subjects in the experimental group (n = 31) practiced yoganidra for 45 minutes daily for 12 weeks under strict supervision. There was no intervention in the control group (n = 43). Weekly blood pressure was recorded in the experimental group, whereas it was performed at baseline and at endpoint for control groups. Hs-CRP and lipid profile were estimated at baseline and endpoint for both the groups. Results A significant reduction in mean SBP from 142.9 mm Hg (SD ± 16.46) to 118.68 mm Hg (SD ± 9.21; p value 0.0001) and DBP from 89.84 mm Hg (SD ± 10.42) to 77.03 mm Hg (SD ± 6.47: p value 0.0001) was observed among the experimental group after 12 weeks of yoganidra practice when compared with the control group. A significant reduction in mean Hs-CRP (2.21 ± 1.49 to 1.06 ± 0.82 mg/L, p < 0.001∗∗∗) was observed among the experimental group. There were no significant differences between triglycerides and total cholesterol levels, whereas LDL-C and HDL-C showed a trend of improvement in the experimental group after intervention. Conclusions In this pilot study, we observed a significant reduction in blood pressure and Hs-CRP in the yoganidra group compared with the control group. There were no significant side effects observed in the intervention group during the study period.
Sengottuvelan Tagged Grid Matching Based Object Detection in Wavelet Neural Network

Object detection using Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) plays a major contribution in the analysis of image processing. Existing cluster-based algorithm for co-saliency object detection performs the work on the multiple images. The co-saliency detection results are not desirable to handle the multi scale image objects in WNN. Existing Super Resolution (SR) scheme for landmark images identifies the corresponding regions in the images and reduces the mismatching rate. But the Structure-aware matching criterion is not paying attention to detect multiple regions in SR images and fail to enhance the result percentage of object detection. To detect the objects in the high-resolution remote sensing images, Tagged Grid Matching (TGM) technique is proposed in this paper. TGM technique consists of the three main components such as object determination, object searching and object verification in WNN. Initially, object determination in TGM technique specifies the position and size of objects in the current image. The specification of the position and size using the hierarchical grid easily determines the multiple objects. Second component, object searching in TGM technique is carried out using the cross-point searching. The cross out searching point of the objects is selected to faster the searching process and reduces the detection time. Final component performs the object verification process in TGM technique for identifying (i.e.,) detecting the dissimilarity of objects in the current frame. The verification process matches the search result grid points with the stored grid points to easily detect the objects using the Gabor wavelet Transform. The implementation of TGM technique offers a significant improvement on the multi-object detection rate, processing time, precision factor and detection accuracy level. Keywords—Object Detection, Cross-point Searching, Wavelet Neural Network, Object Determination, Gabor Wavelet Transform, Tagged Grid Matching.
TRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analyses on the ender-specific responses in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to etrabromobisphenol

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) accounts for the largest production of brominated flame-retardants (BFRs) along the Laizhou Bay in China and is the most widely used BFR in industrial products. It can induce diverse toxicities including hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and endocrine disrupting effects in mammalian and fish models. In this work, we applied iTRAQ-based proteomics to investigate the gender-specific responses in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to TBBPA. Thirty-one proteins were differentially expressed in hepatopancreas between male and female mussels, which clearly indicated the biological differences between male and female mussels at the protein level. After exposure of TBBPA (18.4 nmol/L) for one month, a total of 60 proteins were differentially expressed in response to the TBBPA treatment in mussel hepatopancreas, among which 33 and 29 proteins were significantly altered in TBBPA-treated male and female mussel samples, respectively. Only two of the 60 proteins were commonly altered in both male and female mussel samples exposed to TBBPA. Based on KEGG analysis, these differentially expressed proteins of TBBPA-induced effects were assigned to several groups, including cytoskeleton, reproduction and development, metabolism, signal transduction, gene expression, stress response and apoptosis. Overall, results indicated that TBBPA exposure could induce apoptosis, oxidative and immune stresses and disruption in energy, protein and lipid metabolisms in both male and female mussels with different mechanisms. This work suggested that the gender differences should be considered in ecotoxicoproteomics. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Energy Consumption Estimates of Information and Communication Technology : synthesis and analysis

Energy issues of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) field have come to the fore in recent years. Perhaps the single most important thing that has led to this situation is the Internet and the way it is expanding: very fast. The Internet infrastructure’s constantly growing energy needs have led to a demand for credible energy consumption estimates of ICT equipment: we want to know how much electricity this system spends and what the most energy consuming parts are. If we get answers to these questions we will be able to decide how much we need to decrease the total consumption and where this reduction could be achieved. This paper presents energy consumption estimates of ICT equipment in Finland and in three important industrial countries, namely the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. In addition, a worldwide estimate of the energy consumption of data centers is presented. The results are then analysed, which give answers to questions, such as how valid are the estimation methods used and are the estimation methods comparable with each other.
The Influence of Trading Frequency on Lead-Lag Effect Between Index Futures and Stock Index in Malaysia

The presence of lead-lag effect between index futures and stock index has lead finance researchers to focus on identifying the source of such phenomenon. In general, index futures play an important role in the price discovery process since it is found that index futures leads the stock index in reacting to the arrival of new information. Such phenomenon is attributed to the problem of stale prices among some components of stock index. The problem arises due to nonsynchronous trading as well as infrequent trading among inactive component stocks, resulting in stock index reporting weightage value of past prices unlike index futures, which is being updated constantly. This study examines the influence of trading frequency among component stocks on the presence of lead-lag effect between the two markets in Malaysia. The period of study runs from January 2000 to October 2003. It employs regression analysis using system estimators approach. The result shows that index futures does not only lead the inactive component stocks but also the active component stocks. As such, the finding contradicts the proposed theory, which stipulates that the presence of lead-lag effect is due to the problem of infrequent trading among inactive component stocks. Therefore, consistent with Chan (1992) and Martikainen et al. (1995) who investigate the same issue in the United States and Finland, this study provides empirical evidence that trading frequency does not contribute towards the presence of lead-lag effect between index futures and stock index in Malaysia.
Does the Price of Oil Help Predict Inflation in South Africa? Historical Evidence Using a Frequency Domain Approach. - Il prezzo del petrolio predice l’inflazione in Sud Africa? Evidenza storica attraverso l’utilizzo di un approccio basato sulla frequenza

The association between oil prices and inflation has remained an intriguing issue for media, academic as well as policy enquiry. Against this backdrop, we perform the frequency-domain causality test to investigate whether the growth rate of oil prices has predictive content for inflation in South Africa. As a preliminary step in our analysis, given that we use a long historical data set spanning from 1922:M01 to 2013:M07, we investigate the possibility of structural breaks in the inflation equation. We detect three breaks which define four regimes. We then perform the frequency-domain test on the full-sample, as well as, the four identified regime-specific subsamples. We find evidence of the growth rate of oil prices to have predictive content for South African inflation based on the full-sample, as well as, two of the four regime-specific sub-samples. Given that the frequency-domain test allows us to decompose the causality across different time horizons, results also suggest that cycles of predictability of South African inflation emanating from the the growth in international oil prices could last for much longer durations for periods preceding the adoption of an inflation-targeting framework for monetary policy in South Africa. - La relazione tra prezzo del petrolio e inflazione e un problema di grande interesse sia per i media sia per la ricerca accademica e politica. Sulla base di questa considerazione abbiamo eseguito il test di causalita basato sulla frequenza per esaminare se l’aumento del prezzo del petrolio e predittivo dell’inflazione in Sud Africa. Come primo passo nell’analisi, premesso che utilizziamo un data set storico ampio – gennaio 1922-luglio 2013 – esaminiamo la possibilita di break strutturali nell’equazione di inflazione. Rileviamo tre break che definiscono quattro regimi. In seguito eseguiamo il test basato sulla frequenza sia sul campione completo che sui quattro sotto-campioni di specifici regimi. I risultati evidenziano che il tasso di aumento dei prezzi del petrolio e predittivo dell’inflazione in Sud Africa sulla base sia del campione completo che di due dei quattro sotto-campioni di specifici regimi. Considerato che il test basato sulla frequenza ci consente di scomporre la causalita per orizzonti temporali differenti, i risultati suggeriscono anche che i cicli di prevedibilita dell’inflazione in Sud Africa derivanti dalle variazioni dei prezzi internazionali del petrolio potrebbero essere molto piu duraturi in periodi che precedono l’adozione di un obiettivo di politica monetaria inflation-targeting.
Problems of Financing SMEs in Ghana: A Case Study of the Sunyani Municipality

Small and medium enterprises play an important role in the development of a country. The growth of SMEs is also important for the world economy which has been widely discussed in recent years. Although the problems SMEs face in accessing finance are well known, still there are some research gaps that need to be filled. The main focus of this research is to explore the nature and the characteristics of SMEs together with the financial constraints facing the SMEs. Basically the research focuses on Sunyani Municipality as the main area of study, but it will also cover the problems of SMEs for the other parts of the world under the same main purpose of this research. The research is a case study. Moreover, the nature of data collected for this project is both quantitative and qualitative. Questionnaires and interviews are the main tools for collecting data. Relevant literature is also reviewed. The Researcher has concluded that many studies have shown most of the SMEs lack access to finance for starting, operating and expanding their businesses, therefore access to finance is always quoted as a major constraint for all SMEsand can seriously affect their ability to survive, upgrade the technology in their business, increase their capacity and even in many cases, expand their market, improve management system or increase productivity as well as profitability. The findings will assist policy makers, development agencies, SME owners and financial institutions to ascertain the appropriate strategy to improve the SME financing.
Parasite egg recognition based on multicomponent cues by green-backed tits (Parus monticolus)

Egg recognition and rejection is a common and effective anti-parasitism adaptation in bird hosts. Hosts reject alien eggs using recognition signals such as egg ground color and maculation. Green-backed tits (Parus monticolus) have a highly developed capability for recognizing parasite eggs, but the cues used for egg recognition are unclear. We combined avian visual perceptual modeling and field experiments to explore the effects of egg ground color and maculation on the recognition of parasite eggs. P. monticolus uses a multi-cue with possible hierarchical mechanism for egg recognition. The mechanism of egg recognition in P. monticolus appears to be a specific adaptation to the phenotypes of eggs laid by local brood parasites.
Clinical Presentations and Semen Characteristics of Men Attending the Secondary Referral Infertility Clinic at Mumbai, India

Background: Limited information is available on the aetiology and semen profiles of male infertility in Indian population. Aim: The aim of this study is to study the clinical and semen characteristics of men attending the infertility clinic and also to understand the impact of World Health Organization (WHO) 2010 reference values on the diagnosis of male infertility. Setting and Design: A retrospective study evaluating the medical case records (January 2005 to December 2015, [n = 1906]) of men attending infertility clinic in Mumbai, India. Materials and Methods: The aetiology was classified based on the andrology evaluation and other investigations. Semen profiles were compared during the years 2005–2010 and 2011–2015 using WHO 1999 and WHO 2010 criteria, respectively. Statistical Analysis: The Chi-square and Mann–Whitney U tests were performed using Open Source Epidemiological software and Social science calculators. Results: The aetiology of male infertility was determined in 62% of the men; while the cause remained undetermined in 38%. Varicocele (25%), urogenital infections (10%), sexual dysfunctions (8%) and vas aplasia (8%) were identified as major aetiologies in our cohort. Men with sexual dysfunctions and vas aplasia were significantly higher during the years 2011–2015 as compared to 2005–2010. Men having normozoospermia (10%) and azoospermia (3%) were increased, whereas those having oligoasthenozoospermia (17%) were reduced in 2011–2015 as compared to 2005–2010. According to WHO 1999 criteria , 12-15% of men showed abnormal semen profiles. The semen parameters of these men became normal on using WHO 2010 reference values. Conclusions: Varicocele is the most common aetiology in infertile men. Idiopathic infertility was seen in a higher proportion among the infertile men.
Chapter 18 Aspects of a primacy of frame model of translation

Frame Semantics and Construction Grammar are two highly interdependent cognitive linguistic theories which have been used in various ways to date to analyse and model translation. However, a unified model on how frames and constructions (are) operate(d on) and interact in translation, i.e. a translational perspective on and of frames and constructions, has not yet been fully developed. Themodel proposed in this paper is intended to narrow this gap. In drafting this model, I establish the principle of maximum frame comparability. I furthermore analyse factors which may lead to an override of this principle. From these analyses, I deduce research questions the investigation of which can benefit both translation studies as well as the theoretical frameworks Frame Semantics and Construction Grammar.