Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SpelLM: Augmenting Chinese Spell Check Using Input Salience

The task of Chinese Spell Check (CSC) has 001 a goal of detecting and correcting the mis-002 spelled Chinese characters in a sentence. Re-003 cent works have shown that the masked lan-004 guage models (e.g. BERT), if combined with 005 the use of confusion sets or ﬁltering mecha-006 nisms, can be used for handling the error spar-007 sity and domain shift issues inherent in the 008 CSC task. However, the confusion sets require 009 human intervention and have to be regularly 010 updated to cater for new errors. Also, the ﬁl-011 tering methods are sensitive to the similarity 012 measurement between characters. Moreover, 013 the manually-determined ﬁlters rely on expert 014 experience and are not adaptable to changed 015 errors. To overcome the shortcomings, we de-016 velop a two-stage model, SpelLM, which can 017 exploit BERT for the CSC task without rely-018 ing on the confusion sets or ﬁltering mecha-019 nisms. Speciﬁcally, in the ﬁrst stage, we tune 020 BERT as a binary classiﬁer to predict whether 021 a sentence contains spell errors. Then, we can 022 compute the “salience” of each character in 023 the input sentence, which measures how much 024 a character contributes to the prediction. In 025 the second stage, we tune another BERT us-026 ing error pairs and incorporate at each self-027 attention layer the salience information of each 028 input sentence. We train a linear layer to dis-029 tribute the salience information into the query 030 vectors, which serves as prior knowledge per-031 taining to spell errors for the attention compu-032 tation. Finally, for each character we use the 033 encoding output by the second BERT to pre-034 dict the correction. As shown in our empirical 035 study, our model-only method outperforms ex-036 isting BERT solutions with the confusion sets 037 and the ﬁltering scheme by a notable margin
SUSTAINABILITY OF CITRUS RETICULATA L. BLANCO. AND MANGIFERA INDICA L. IS RELATED TO ANTIOXIDATIVE DEFENSE UNDER SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL FLUCTUATIONS OF SOILAND IRRIGATION WATER

Spatial and temporal variability for the quality of surface and ground irrigation water and its impact on soil characteristics were assessed for local farms of Citrus reticulata L. Blanco. (Citrus) and Mangifera indica L. (Mango). Electrical Conductivity (EC), Potential Hydrogen (pH), Sodium (Na), Calcium magnesium (Ca + Mg), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Zinc (Zn), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were determined. Ground water at an aquifer of (30-40 cm) (0.57 and 0.88 mg L), and two depths of soil profiles (0.97 and 2.29 mg kg) had more Cr and Pb, respectively. Biochemical characteristics of the species varied spatially and temporally except the chlorophyll content. Lipid peroxidation via MDA production became evident. An enhanced activity of enzymatic Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Peroxidase (POD) and non-enzymatic components (Ascorbic acid, Carotenoids, Phenols, Sugars) was noticed but the higher resilience in mango can be attributed to non-enzymatic defense. The bioaccumulation of Cr and Pb declined markedly (P ≤ 0.001) in species from roots to aerial tissues. Citrus pulp contained a significant (P ≤ 0.001) amount of Cr, and Pb. The study suggested strict environmental monitoring for biodiversity and conservation. However, metal accumulation in the edible portion of citrus seemed to be of great concern for food safety.
Monolithic Integration of RF-MEMS Switches with Reconfigurable Phased Array Antennas

This project presents a novel copper DC-contact RF-MEMS cantilever switch to operate with microstrip phased array antennas for the main frequency of operation of 12.5GHz. Effective performance, low cost, compact size, and full integration are the main requirements that phased array antennas and RF-MEMS technologies should meet to make an impact on the market. Then, a cost-effective all-monolithically integrated architecture of phased array antenna with RF-MEMS switches on a commercial printed circuit board (PCB) laminate has been developed as a solution. A new manufacturing technique using photolithography processes has been developed for RF-MEMS cantilever switches based on thin copper films (1um-2um) on a PCB to address the cost and full integration requirements. This technique has allowed fabrication of various switches, of which the mechanical and electromagnetic performance have been measured and found to be suitable for operation with phased arrays. The accomplishment of an all-monolithically integrated architecture has been demonstrated by means of simulations, having been able to electronically steer the main beam to different positions with acceptable radiation characteristics at 12.5GHz. Therefore, in this work it has been possible to demonstrate that good performance and cost-effective phased array antennas are potentially viable by monolithically integrating reliable RF-MEMS on commercial PCBs. Having reliable RF-MEMS built on PCB, there is potential to extend the areas of applications of this type of RF-MEMS, not only for phased array antennas but also for other attractive commercial applications. The research carried out in this project, moreover, represents an important contribution for further development of satisfactory RF-MEMS at very low cost for high frequency systems.
THE ROLE OF SPEECH-IN-NOISE IN JAPANESE EFL LEARNERS’ LISTENING COMPREHENSION PROCESS AND THEIR USE OF CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION

ABSTRACT This study aims to investigate English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ use of context information under various noise conditions. The participants were seven Japanese undergraduate students. A noise test adopted from the Speech-Perception-in-Noise (SPIN) test (Kalikow et al., 1977) was used. Four signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) conditions (SNR = 0, 5, 10, 15) and a condition without noise were added to the SPIN test. Data were collected using think-aloud protocol procedures. Some target words presented in the noise test were supported with contextual information, enabling learners to use top-down prediction, whereas others were not supported with contextual information, making it difficult for learners to predict the target words. The results showed that, first, learners used contextual information at all noise levels, but differently in high- and low-context sentences. Second, participants’ listening comprehension was greatly affected by background noise. The scores on the noise test and their confidence levels decreased as the level of noise increased. Third, the participants used contextual information successfully and most frequently when the SNR = 15. It was also found that the tolerance level for noise varied among participants. Implications for listening assessment and teaching are discussed.
MiRNA and Erythropoietin profiles during the menstrual cycle in relation to hematological and lipid biomarkers

Background Circulatory micro RNAs (miRNA) have been discussed as complementary diagnostic markers in cardiovascular diseases, and in anti-doping testing. MiR-144 and miR-486 have been associated with cholesterol homeostasis and hematopoiesis, respectively. In addition, they have been suggested as putative biomarkers for autologous blood transfusion and erythropoietin (EPO) doping. The aim of the present study was to assess the variability of miR-144-3p/5p, miR-486-5p/3p and EPO during the menstrual cycle. Secondary aim was to study the correlations between miRNAs, EPO and hematological parameters and lipids. Methods 13 healthy women with regular menses were followed with weekly blood sampling during two whole menstrual cycles. MiRNAs were analyzed using TaqMan and PCR followed by calculation of the relative expression for each miRNA using ddCT approach. Results There was no menstrual cycle variability in miRNAs and EPO. MiRNA-144-3p was associated with HDL-C (rs=-0.34, p=0.036) and miRNA-486-5p with Hb (rs=0.32, p=0.046). EPO concentrations correlated to lymphocytes (rs=-0.062, p=0.0002)), Hb (rs= -0.42, p=0.0091), HDL-C (rs=0.36, p=0.030) and triglycerides (rs=-0.54, p=0.0006). Conclusions The results of this study may increase the understanding of how miR486-5p and miR144-3p as well as EPO correlate to hematopoietic and lipid biomarkers.
Optimising recognition rates for subject independent gait pattern classification

This paper describes a study which was carried out to determine an optimally performing classification algorithm for the problem of subject independent gait pattern classification. The study utilised a frequency domain based feature vector based on the concept of cepstral coefficients whose generation methodology was optimised in terms of overall system recognition rates. The performance of a number of both linear and nonlinear classification algorithms including neural network and Support Vector Machines was examined. An optimal recognition rate of 78.4±3.2% was achieved using a "one-versus-all" MLP classier applied to a previously unseen test database of 12 subjects completing ten repetitions of five different human gait patterns including walking on level surfaces, walking up and down stairs and walking up and down ramps. (6 pages)
Theory and experiments in autonomous sensor-based motion planning with applications for flight planetary microrovers

With the success of Mars Pathfinder's Sojourner rover, a new era of planetary exploration has opened, with demand for highly capable mobile robots. These robots must be able to traverse long distances over rough, unknown terrain autonomously, under severe resource constraints. Much prior work in mobile robot path planning has been based on assumptions that are not truly applicable to navigation through planetary terrains. Based on the author's firsthand experience with the Mars Pathfinder mission, this work reviews issues which are critical for successful autonomous navigation of planetary rovers. No current methodology addresses all of these constraints. We next develop the sensor-based “Wedgebug” motion-planning algorithm. This algorithm is complete, correct, requires minimal memory for storage of its world model, and uses only on-board sensors, which are guided by the algorithm to efficiently sense only the data needed for motion planning, while avoiding unnecessary robot motion. The planner has the additional advantage of producing locally-optimal paths, and is suitable for robots with a field-of-view limited in both downrange and angular scope, for a variety of applications including planetary navigation. This work includes the proof of completeness and correctness of the Wedgebug algorithm, and in particular provides a corrected, detailed proof of a key result required for the proof of completeness of the Wedgebug algorithm (and for the TangentBug algorithm which inspired this approach). In addition, we extend this result to a broader class of environments. The implementation of a version of Wedgebug, called “RoverBug,” on the Rocky7 Mars Rover prototype at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is described, and experimental results from operation in simulated martian terrain are presented.
ECONOMIC GROWTH MODEL AND RENEWABLE ENERGY UTILIZATION: PERSPECTIVE OF NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GOWA REGENCY REGION SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA

Regional development coupled with economic growth requires support for the use of renewable energy to support sustainable management of natural resources and the environment. Furthermore, economic growth towards industrialization has an impact on increasing energy consumption. This study aims to analyze: (1) Economic growth work as a determinant of the use of renewable energy in supporting regional development; (2) The direct and indirect effects of economic growth, the effectiveness of natural resource utilization, and the use of renewable energy on improving the quality of the environment and the sustainability of regional development; (3) Formulating an economic growth model based on the use of renewable energy, natural resource management and sustainable regional development. This study uses a qualitative and quantitative approach sequentially. Data obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, surveys, and documentation. The results showed that economic growth followed by the use, of new and renewable energy had an impact on increasing the productivity of economic enterprises and a positive contribution to improving the quality of the environment. Gowa Regency’s future development orientation is oriented towards optimizing the regional economic base sectors, increasing the contribution of the strategic economic sector, effective use of natural resources, strengthening human resource capacity, ensuring the availability and distribution of energy services, increasing regional revenues, and optimizing sources of income new. Furthermore, future economic growth is oriented towards increasing people’s incomes, opening new jobs, equitable development, and improving people’s welfare. This study recommends that the use of renewable energy is an important aspect that needs to be considered in the formulation of development policies towards economic growth, natural resource management and sustainable regional development of the Gowa Regency South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Laying performance of 5th generation of BLRI improved native duck

This research was aimed to improve the egg production performances and to estimate the selection response of fifth generation (G5) of deshi white (Rupali) and white breasted black (Nageswari) duck genotypes through an individual selection program. All the ducks were reared in an open sided duck house. Diet containing 17.5% CP and 2750 Kcal ME/kg and fresh water provided twice daily in the morning and evening. Individual egg production was recorded from each duck. After 40 weeks of age, female ducks were selected on the basis of selection index and selection differences, selection intensity and responses were also measured. Egg weight, egg production and feed intake were recorded and FCR, egg mass was calculated. All recorded data were analyzed by SAS and differences were determined by DMRT. The selection criteria of fifth generation (G5) of both duck genotypes were studied. As a result of selection, age at sexual maturity (day), egg weight (g) and egg production % were expected to improve by -1.63d, 0.60g, 1.01% and -0.85day, 0.39g, 0.47% for Rupali and Nageswari ducks, respectively. Egg mass was significantly (p<0.05) higher in Rupali (40.24g) than Nageswari (37.55g) duck whereas, egg weight was not significantly differ in both genotypes. Egg production in Rupali and Nageswari duck was 65.41% and 62.74%, respectively. Rupali ducks were significantly (p<0.05) consumed more feed (134.54 g) than Nagesswari ducks (126.23 g). The FCR was significantly (p<0.05) better in Rupali (3.34) than Nageswari (3.61) ducks. The egg quality results showed that egg shell thickness of Rupali duck was significantly (p<0.05) higher than Nageswari. Higher values for albumen width (p<0.05) was also found in Rupali (65.03mm) than Nageswari (59.11mm) duck egg. On the other hand shape index, albumen index, yolk index and haugh unit were not found significantly different in both genotypes but the yolk color score of Nageswari found highest score than Rupali duck egg. Proximate composition of eggs was not significantly different of both duck genotypes. Based on the results it is revealed that Rupali duck was better in terms of egg weight, egg mass and egg production, but starting lay egg is earlier in Nageswari than Rupali duck. Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 27 (1&2), 2020: P. 15-23
A model for the prediction of thresholds, loudness, and partial loudness

A loudness model for steady sounds is described having the following stages: 1) a fixed filter representing transfer through the outer ear; 2) a fixed filter representing transfer through the middle ear; 3) calculation of an excitation pattern from the physical spectrum; 4) transformation of the excitation pattern to a specific loudness pattern; 5) determination of the area under the specific loudness pattern, which gives overall loudness for a given ear; and 6) summation of loudness across ears. The model differs from earlier models in the following areas: 1) the assumed transfer function for the outer and middle ear; 2) the way that excitation patterns are calculated; 3) the way that specific loudness is related to excitation for sounds in quiet and in noise; and (4) the way that binaural loudness is calculated from monaural loudness. The model is based on the assumption that sounds at absolute threshold have a small but finite loudness. This loudness is constant regardless of frequency and spectral content. It is also assumed that a sound at masked threshold has the same loudness as a sound at absolute threshold. The model accounts well for recent measures of equal-loudness contours, which differ from earlier measures because of improved control over bias effects. The model correctly predicts the relation between monaural and binaural threshold and loudness. It also correctly accounts for the threshold and loudness of complex sounds as a function of bandwidth.
Affinity Sedimentation and Magnetic Separation With Plant-Made Immunosorbent Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Protein Purification

The virus-based immunosorbent nanoparticle is a nascent technology being developed to serve as a simple and efficacious agent in biosensing and therapeutic antibody purification. There has been particular emphasis on the use of plant virions as immunosorbent nanoparticle chassis for their diverse morphologies and accessible, high yield manufacturing via crop cultivation. To date, studies in this area have focused on proof-of-concept immunosorbent functionality in biosensing and purification contexts. Here we consolidate a previously reported pro-vector system into a single Agrobacterium tumefaciens vector to investigate and expand the utility of virus-based immunosorbent nanoparticle technology for therapeutic protein purification. We demonstrate the use of this technology for Fc-fusion protein purification, characterize key nanomaterial properties including binding capacity, stability, reusability, and particle integrity, and present an optimized processing scheme with reduced complexity and increased purity. Furthermore, we present a coupling of virus-based immunosorbent nanoparticles with magnetic particles as a strategy to overcome limitations of the immunosorbent nanoparticle sedimentation-based affinity capture methodology. We report magnetic separation results which exceed the binding capacity of current industry standards by an order of magnitude.
A Serious Puzzle Game to Enhance Adherence to Antirheumatic Drugs in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Systematic Development Using Intervention Mapping

Background Patients’ implicit attitudes toward medication need and concerns may influence their adherence. Targeting these implicit attitudes by combining game-entertainment with medication-related triggers might improve medication adherence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objective The aim of this study was to describe the systematic development of a serious game to enhance adherence to antirheumatic drugs by using intervention mapping. Methods A serious game was developed using the intervention mapping framework guided by a multidisciplinary expert group, which proceeded along 6 steps: (1) exploring the problem by assessing the relationship between medication adherence and implicit attitudes, (2) defining change objectives, (3) selecting evidence-based behavior change techniques that focused on adjusting implicit attitudes, (4) designing the intervention, (5) guaranteeing implementation by focusing on intrinsic motivation, and (6) planning a scientific evaluation. Results Based on the problem assessment and guided by the Dual-Attitude Model, implicit negative and illness-related attitudes of patients with RA were defined as the main target for the intervention. Consequently, the change objective was “after the intervention, participants have a more positive attitude toward antirheumatic drugs. ” Attention bias modification, evaluative conditioning, and goal priming were the techniques chosen to implicitly target medication needs. These techniques were redesigned into medication-related triggers and built in the serious puzzle game. Thirty-seven patients with RA tested the game at several stages. Intrinsic motivation was led by the self-determination theory and addressed the 3 needs, that is, competence, autonomy, and relatedness. The intervention will be evaluated in a randomized clinical trial that assesses the effect of playing the serious game on antirheumatic drug adherence. Conclusions We systematically developed a serious game app to enhance adherence to antirheumatic drugs among patients with RA by using the intervention mapping framework. This paper could serve as a guideline for other health care providers when developing similar interventions.
Reducing tensions and expediting manuscript submission via an authorship agreement for early-career researchers: A pilot study

ABSTRACT Authorship can be a source of tension on research teams, in academic/industry collaborations, and between mentors/mentees. Authorship misconduct is prevalent among biomedical researchers, and disputes about authorship can generate tensions that have the potential to disrupt professional relationships and damage careers. Early-career researchers may experience particular challenges navigating authorship both because of inexperience and power differentials; in effect, they lack the language and confidence to have these conversations and may feel unwilling to challenge the status quo. The authors implemented an Authorship Agreement for use when collaborating on a manuscript and hypothesized that using this agreement would reduce authorship tensions and speed time to manuscript submission by helping early-career investigators manage authorship conversations more effectively. The authors surveyed trainees (n = 65) on the prevalence of authorship-related tensions and compared the results from the first survey in 2017 to the final survey in 2020. The decrease in tensions around meeting deadlines was significant (z = 2.59, p = 0.010). The authors believe the effect of an Authorship Agreement on authorship-related tensions has not previously been investigated. This work extends what is known about the prevalence of commonly cited authorship tensions, and provides evidence of the effectiveness of steps that can be taken to alleviate them.