Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurements of reactive trace gases in the marine boundary layer using novel DOAS methods

Reactive Halogen Species (RHS) can have a large impact on tropospheric chemistry. Already small concentrations in the marine boundary layer (MBL) can have a significant impact on the global budget of ozone and other trace-gases. Shipborne measurements of BrO and IO were conducted in the MBL from 70°S to 90°N to obtain a global picture of their distribution over several years. A focus were upwelling regions, which can provide large amounts of precursor substances for RHS in the MBL, of which some were measured simultaneously by project partners. Measurements in the tropical Atlantic showed BrO concentrations below 2 ppt in agreement with previous observations. IO was detected with concentrations of up to 1 ppt, its distribution was found to correlate with surface water iodide concentrations. In the Peruvian upwelling region MAX-DOAS and CE-DOAS measurements showed agreeing surface VMR of up to 1.4 ppt. The MAX-DOAS retrieval agreed with previous satellite observations of IO in this region. For polar measurements, background concentrations of IO of 0.2-0.4 ppt during the respective summer period were observed. An additional source of reactive bromine in the MBL was observed for the first time from the ground: Polar air-masses were observed south of the Azores yielding BrO concentrations of 4-6 ppt. Glyoxal was not found in the remote MBL of the tropical Atlantic and Pacific above a detection limit of 35 ppt. Relative water vapour absorption band strengths in the wavelength interval from 400-480 nm were analysed systematically and correction factors from 0.5-2 were found, leading to improvements of the spectral retrieval. Vibrational Raman scattering of N2 and O2 was quantified for the first time in MAX-DOAS measurements, yielding a reduction of up to 30% of IO measurement errors.
THE EFFECT OF THE UTILIZATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AND PERFORMANCE

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between organizational culture variables, information technology, and employee performance, whether or not technology plays a role in improving employee performance. The population in this study is the Information System Users (SINERGY) in the Bali Design and Business Institute, consisting of 81 lecturers and employees. Data relating to research variables were collected using questionnaires that were distributed to all respondents and filled in by the respondents themselves based on the respondents' perceptions. Based on the instrument test performed, it was proven that all statement items in the questionnaire are valid and reliable. This study uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis. The results indicate that: the use of information technology has a positive and significant effect on motivation. Organizational culture has a positive effect on motivation. The use of information technology has a positive on employee performance. Organizational culture has a positive effect on employee performance. Motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Keywords: Information Technology, Organizational Culture, Motivation and Employee Performance.
Novel Few-shots Learning Neural Network for Predicting Carbohydrate-active Enzyme (CAZyme) Affinity Towards Fructo-oligosaccharides

Background: The enzymatic activity of the microbiome toward carbohydrates in the human digestive system is of enormous health significance (Zou, Y., et al., 2019; Pinard, D., et al., 2015). Predicting how carbohydrates through food intake may affect the distribution and balance of gut microbiota remains a major challenge. Understanding the enzyme-substrate specificity relationship of the carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) encoded by the vast gut microbiome will be an important step to address this question. In this study, we seek to establish an in-silico approach to studying the enzyme-substrate binding interaction. Results: We focused on the key carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) and established a novel Poisson noise-based few-shots learning neural network (pFSLNN) for predicting the binding affinity of indigestible carbohydrates. This approach achieved higher accuracy than other classic FSLNNs, and we have also formulated new algorithms for feature generation using only a few amino acid sequences. Sliding bin regression is integrated with mRMR for feature selection. Conclusion: The resulting pFSLNN is an efficient model to predict the binding affinity between CAZyme and common oligosaccharides. This model can be potentially applied to binding affinity prediction of other protein-ligand interactions based on limited amino acid sequences.
Colored or Transparent Orthodontic Ligatures, Which One Has the Best Performance?

Orthodontic treatments with ceramic brackets have their weak point, under the aesthetic aspect, in the transparent elastics, since the brackets are resistant to discoloration while the elastics are easily pigmented with the influence of the diet, significantly compromising the aesthetics of the orthodontic system1,4. Orthodontic ligatures are elastomeric polymers and consist of materials that, after substantial physical deformation, quickly return to its original dimensions[5-8]. They are amorphous polymers of high molecular weight that presents physical properties such as visco-elasticity, creep and stress relaxation[9,10]. With the advent of vulcanization, the use for elastic polymers in adverse conditions greatly increased[7,11]. This process makes the end product more resistant and efficient in the oral environment use[9].
dom2vec: Capturing domain structure and function using self-supervision on protein domain architectures

Background: Word embedding approaches have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP) research. These approaches aim to map words to a low-dimensional vector space, in which words with similar linguistic features cluster together. Embedding-based methods have also been developed for proteins, where words are amino acids and sentences are proteins. The learned embeddings have been evaluated qualitatively, via visual inspection of the embedding space and extrinsically, via performance comparison on downstream protein prediction tasks. However, these sequence embeddings have the caveat that biological metadata do not exist for each amino acid, in order to measure the quality of each unique learned embedding vector. Results: Here, we present dom2vec, an approach for learning protein domain embeddings using word2vec on InterPro annotations. In contrast to sequence embeddings, biological metadata do exist for protein domains, related to each domain separately. Therefore, we present four intrinsic evaluation strategies to quantitatively assess the quality of the learned embedding space. To perform a reliable evaluation in terms of biology knowledge, we selected the metadata related to the most distinctive biological characteristics of domains. These are the structure, enzymatic and molecular function of a given domain. Notably, dom2vec obtains adequate level of performance in the intrinsic assessment, therefore we can draw an analogy between the local linguistic features in natural languages and the domain structure and function information in domain architectures. Moreover, we demonstrate the dom2vec applicability on protein prediction tasks, by comparing it with state-of-the-art sequence embeddings in three downstream tasks. We show that dom2vec outperform sequence embeddings for toxin and enzymatic function prediction and is comparable with sequence embeddings in cellular location prediction. Conclusions: We report that the application of word2vec on InterPro annotations produces domain embeddings with two significant advantages over sequence embeddings. First, each unique dom2vec vector can be quantitatively evaluated towards its available structure and function metadata. Second, the produced embeddings can outperform the sequence embeddings for a subset of downstream tasks. Overall, dom2vec embeddings are able to capture the most important biological properties of domains and surpass sequence embeddings for a subset of prediction tasks.
Acceptance Analysis of The East Java Province E-Procurement System Using TAM Method

Technological developments have changed the system of the government. The EastJava Provincial Government utilizes Information and Communication Technologyfor the procurement of goods and services. This study aims to measure the level ofacceptance of technology in the system and the satisfaction of applications for thegoods and services procurement in East Java Province. The results of this study canbe used to improve the system that has been made. This study uses the TechnologyAcceptance Model (TAM) method in measuring using (5) aspects, namely Perceptionof Ease of Use, Benefits of Use, Attitudes toward behavior, Interest in Behavior, andBehavior. This study used 90 respondents. The results showed that from the regres-sion test on the variable Perception of Ease of Use with Benefits of Use of 13.5%,Perception of Ease of Use with Attitudes Against Behavior amounted to 38.7%. Ben-efits of Using Attitudes Against Behavior was 23.9%, Benefits of Use with InterestBehavior amounted to 11.5%, Attitudes toward Behavior were Large with Interest inBehavior at 22.2%. Benefits of Use with Behavior amounted to 10.1%, and Interestsin Behavior with Behavior were 13.2%. The study results show that the user’s easeand attitude have the highest value and interest in behavior. Therefore the East Javaprovincial government can maintain the procurement application.
Component-Controllable WS2(1–x)Se2x Nanotubes for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Owing to the excellent potential for fundamental research and technical applications in optoelectronic devices and catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), transition metal dichalcogenides have recently attracted much attention. Transition metal sulfide nanostructures have been reported and demonstrated promising application in transistors and photodetectors. However, the growth of transition metal selenide nanostructures and their applications has still been a challenge. In this work, we successfully synthesized high-quality WSe2 nanotubes on carbon fibers via selenization. More importantly, through optimizing the growth conditions, ternary WS2(1–x)Se2x nanotubes were synthesized and the composition of S and Se can be systematically controlled. The as-grown WS2(1–x)Se2x nanotubes on carbon fibers, assembled as a working electrode, revealing low overpotential, high exchange current density, and small series resistance, exhibit excellent electrocatalytic properties for hydrogen evolution r.
Joint Inversion of Surface Wave Tomography and Body Wave Tomography Applied to 2D Media

Summary Surface Wave Tomography is used to obtain a shear wave velocity model by inverting computed dispersion curves. Body Wave Tomography is used to obtain a longitudinal wave model through travel time inversion of picked first break travel times. Individual inversions suffer from various different limitations. Joint surface and body wave tomography inversion aims to reduce the limitations and produce better subsurface velocity models than either individual inversion. We integrate these two methods by inverting dispersion curves and first breaks simultaneously in a 2D joint inversion scheme. We propose a joint inversion algorithm in which Poisson’s ratio provides the physical link between the shear and longitudinal wave velocities. The joint inversion results show encouraging improvements compared with individual inversion results.
Removal of organic and inorganic substances from industry wastewaters using modified aluminosilicate‐based polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes

Membrane separation processes are attracting increasing interest for the treatment of industrial wastewaters owing to its high organic and inorganic content removal efficiency and material stability. Herein, we have presented an approach to modify polyethersulfone (PES) membrane using aluminosilicate particles (ASPs) for high permeability and separation performance against tannery and distillery wastewater. PES:ASPs ultrafiltration membrane was developed by phase inversion technique at different weight ratios of 0:100, 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, and 40:60 of PES:ASPs. The functional groups and hydrophilicity were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and contact angle, respectively. The modified membranes displayed improved wastewater permeability and higher flux compared to the neat PES membrane. The moderate removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates from tannery and distillery wastewaters were attained for all ASPs‐based PES membranes. In the case of tannery effluent treatment, high BOD reduction of 92% was observed for 80:20 weight ratio of PES:ASPs membrane and 75% BOD reduction for the pure PES membrane. The sulfides removal was 2.21 mg L−1 for 90:10 weight ratio of PES:ASPs membrane when compared with the initial quantity of 42 mg L−1 distillery wastewater. The PES:ASPs membrane with 80:20 weight ratios presented the best COD and BOD removal performance. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 1612–1620, 2017
Removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater by FeOOH supported on Amberlite IR120 resin

AbstractResin-supported FeOOH (R-FeOOH) was synthesized by the chemical reaction of Fe3+-exchange resin with H2O2. R-FeOOH was characterized with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The optimum R-FeOOH was synthesized in the presence of 0.5 mol/L Fe3+ and 0.09 mol/L H2O2. Then, R-FeOOH was employed to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions under different conditions. The results indicated that the removal efficiencies of Cr(VI) were all over 98% for initial Cr(VI) concentration of 20.0 mg/L at initial pH of 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0, with R-FeOOH dose of 15.0 g/L after reaction for 120 min. The Cr(VI) removal efficiency can attain 100% at pH 3.0 after reaction for 90 min. Besides, a test on the reuse of the R-FeOOH was conducted. The removal of Cr(VI) by R-FeOOH was through adsorption, ion exchange, and reduction. R-FeOOH can be an effective agent for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater.
Testing monetary exchange rate models with the Westerlund panel cointegration test

Time series testing of long-run monetary models of exchange rate determination in most cases fails to support the conjectures of the theory. The empirical literature increasingly uses the panel technique when testing monetary exchange rate models because the power of the panel unit root and panel cointegration tests seems higher than the pure time series tests. In this paper we examine the validity of the monetary exchange rate models over the period 1996Q1-2011Q4 for US dollar exchange rates of 15 OECD countries using Westerlund’s 2007 panel cointegration tests. We found moderate empirical support for monetary exchange rate models.
A DSGE Analysis of the Effects of Economic Sanctions: Evidence from the Central Bank of Iran

Since the nationalization of the oil industry, especially after the 1979 revolution, Iran has always encountered economic sanctions. The oil embargo and international financial sanctions are the most severe sanctions imposed on Iran and have had significant effects on Iran’s macroeconomic variables. The current study aimed to analyze the effects of economic sanctions on Iran’s macroeconomic variables using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model based on the new Keynesian approach. The simulation results showed that the intensification of the oil and international financial sanctions would 1) reduce foreign and government investment, technology innovation, export in the oil sector, and consequently oil production, 2) lead to a higher exchange rate and a decrease in the ratio of the central bank foreign exchange reserves to the monetary base, 3) reduce the GDP and non-oil exports and increase the inflation, which may cause stagflation, 4) increase household consumption and decrease household investment, 5) increase budget deficit, forcing the government to adopt policies to raise current expenditures and maintain housing and urban development budget, which, in turn, will lead to a budget deficit and bond sales. The analysis of various optimal monetary policies in the context of economic sanctions and considering the contingent business interruption (CBI) loss function showed that the optimal simple rule, in the form of the producer price index, targeting monetary policy, could reduce the loss function and increase the importance value of output coefficient in themonetary policy.
Compositional analysis of the bacterial community in colostrum samples from women with gestational diabetes mellitus and obesity

Background. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and obesity are threatening health conditions during pregnancy, as they affect the normal function of multiple systems, including neuro-hormonal networks, and adipose, liver, muscle and placenta. GDM and maternal obesity are main triggers to a vicious cycle of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases perpetuated trans-generationally. One of the first stages of this vicious cycle occurs during early lactation as the infant feeds of “disbalanced” breastmilk microbiota and macromolecule level. Despite the importance of breastmilk microbiota on newborn development, few studies have characterized breastmilk microbiota in association with obesity and GDM. Maternal obesity decreases the diversity of breastmilk microbiota, with increased proportions Staphylococcus compared to Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides. However, the extent to which GDM together with maternal obesity affect breastmilk microbiota is unknown. Here, we applied 16S-rRNA high-throughput sequencing to characterize colostrum microbiota of 43 mothers with exclusive GDM and obesity in order to address the impact of GDM/obesity on breastmilk microbiota.Results. We identified a total of 1,496 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), being Proteobacteria and Firmicutes the dominant phyla. We found Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium-1, Anaerococcus and Prevotella overrepresented in samples of women with obesity and women with GDM. Population diversity indicators, such as Shannon/Faith phylogenetic index and UniFrac/robust Aitchison distances show distinct microbial composition for GDM (female-newborn subgroup) and obesity (male-newborn subgroup) compared to controls. Finally, Differential abundance analysis showed that Rhodobacteraceae was distinct for GDM and five families (Bdellovibrionaceae, Halomonadaceae, Shewanallaceae, Saccharimonadales and Vibrionaceae) were distinct for obesity groups.Conclusions. Our study indicates that GDM and obesity are related to a higher microbial diversity. Preliminary functional analysis suggests that this could be attributed to overrepresentation of amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism bacterial pathways. However, there is a strong influence of the infant´s gender and the utilization of antibiotics intrapartum. To our knowledge, this study represents the first characterization of the taxonomical changes of colostrum breastmilk in mothers with GDM. We think this study contributes to future design of functional metagenomic studies aiming to understand molecular mechanisms by which breastmilk from mothers with GDM/obesity affect the development and future adult physiology of their suckling infants.
TÜRKİYE’DE FELDSTEİN-HORİOKA HİPOTEZİNİN GEÇERLİLİĞİ: DOLS UZUN DÖNEM TAHMİNCİSİ VE FOURİER GRANGER NEDENSELLİK TESTİ

Bu calismada Turkiye’de 1985-2017 doneminde Maki esbutunlesme testi, dinamik en kucuk kareler (DOLS) uzun donem tahmincisi ve yeni gelistirilen Fourier Granger nedensellik yaklasimi yardimiyla Feldstein-Horioka (FH) hipotezinin gecerli olup olmadigi test edilmistir. Maki esbutunlesme testi sonucuna gore yurtici tasarruflar ile yurtici yatirimlar arasinda uzun donemde bir esbutunlesme iliskisi oldugu tespit edilmistir. DOLS uzun donem tahmincisi sonuclarina gore FH hipotezinin gecerli oldugu belirlenmistir ve FH katsayisi 0,650 olarak bulunmustur. Fourier Granger nedensellik testi sonucuna gore ise yurtici tasarruflardan yurt ici yatirimlara dogru tek yonlu bir nedensellik iliskisi oldugu sonucuna ulasilmistir. Elde edilen sonuclara gore Turkiye’de tasarruflarin yatirimlar uzerinde onemli bir faktor oldugu gorulmektedir.
Use of Exam Wrappers and Measures of Anxiety on Class Performance in Six Gateway STEM Courses at a Small Liberal Arts College

Abstract Demand for STEM majors is increasing, yet attrition in STEM classes is common. Exam wrappers and asking students to write on test anxiety have both been shown to be somewhat successful as simple interventions. This study examined the impact of exam wrappers (termed a post-exam wrapper) that specifically included a multiple-choice question about test anxiety (termed a pre-exam wrapper) on student success in STEM courses. Students (n = 288) in six STEM classes were given both pre- and post-exam wrappers prior to and after assessments and were randomly assigned into two groups. Students were asked about their college-related anxiety or their anxiety related to the current test. Attitudes about the course, perceived ability to succeed, and difficulty of the class were measured before and after the course. There were no significant differences between conditions, but one course showed a decrease in grades from previous years. Together, this research suggests that limited interventions may not be substantial enough to improve student performance in STEM courses and could potentially decrease student success, dependent on the factors of the course and student mindset.
Adapting Chess Game into Physical Activity in Teaching Speaking for EFL Learners

Study of language games has widely spread based on the teachers’ experience in facing students’ difficulties in speaking English. Colorless speaking activities, fear of making mistakes, and inadequate of mastering vocabularies are some of the causes. Be a creative and innovative teacher is needed to encourage the students to be more active, confident, and enjoy in the class. Game is believed as one of shortcut that used by the teachers which can attract students’ attention. Wellchosen game is invaluable to help the teacher in speaking class. This study aims to describe the steps and the implementation of adapted game. Also, investigate the students’ perception of adapted game in the EFL speaking classroom. This single descriptive case study was conducted at one of English private courses in Sidoarjo where eighteen Senior High School students in Intermediate level participated as subjects. Interview and class observation were done to eighteen Intermediate students to know their responses regarding to the new adapted game. The finding demonstrated that chess-like game has a great potential to encourage the students’ willingness to speak. The students started to talk, feel relax and provoke a lot likewise all along speaking class had alive atmosphere. This study is not only able to illustrate the positive impacts of using adapted game but also add teacher references in adapting various kinds of passive game in their daily live to active game for speaking.