Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of basal hydrology in the surging of the Laurentide Ice Sheet

Abstract. We use the Glimmer ice sheet model to simulate periodic surges over the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. In contrast to previous studies we use the depth of water at the base of the ice sheet as the switch for these surges. We find that the surges are supported within the model and are quite robust across a very wide range of parameter choices, in contrast to many previous studies where surges only occur for rather specific cases. The robustness of the surges is likely due to the use of water as the switch mechanism for sliding. The statistics of the binge–purge cycles resemble observed Heinrich events. The events have a period of between 10 and 15 thousand years and can produce fluxes of ice from the mouth of Hudson Strait of 0.05 Sv – a maximum flux of 0.06 Sv is possible. The events produce an ice volume of 2.50 × 106 km3, with a range of 4.30 × 106–1.90 × 106 km3 possible. We undertake a suite of sensitivity tests varying the sliding parameter, the water drainage scheme, the sliding versus water depth parameterisation and the resolution, all of which support the ice sheet surges. This suggests that internally triggered ice sheet surges were a robust feature of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and are a possible explanation for the observed Heinrich events.
Early life stages of the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis are unaffected by increased seawater pCO2: Towards a Broader Perspective on Ocean Acidification Research Part 2 A special issue of the ICES Journal of Marine Science

&NA; As the world's oceans continue to absorb anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere, the carbonate chemistry of seawater will change. This process, termed ocean acidification, may affect the physiology of marine organisms. Arctic seas are expected to experience the greatest decreases in pH in the future, as changing sea ice dynamics and naturally cold, brackish water, will accelerate ocean acidification. In this study, we investigated the effect of increased pCO2 on the early developmental stages of the key Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis. Eggs from wild‐caught C. glacialis females from Svalbard, Norway (80°N), were cultured for 2 months to copepodite stage C1 in 2°C seawater under four pCO2 treatments (320, 530, 800, and 1700 &mgr;atm). Developmental rate, dry weight, and carbon and nitrogen mass were measured every other day throughout the experiment, and oxygen consumption rate was measured at stages N3, N6, and C1. All endpoints were unaffected by pCO2 levels projected for the year 2300. These results indicate that naupliar development in wild populations of C. glacialis is unlikely to be detrimentally affected in a future high CO2 ocean.
A NEW FRAMEWORK FOR BIOMETRIC FACE RECOGNITION USING VISUAL

The paper presents a new framework for biometric face recognition based on visual cryptography techniques. The framework is developed using . NET technologies (C# 4.0) and the implemented algorithm in C# will consist in three stages which are described later in detail. The role of visual cryptography will be to protect the image and, with the help of RSA, it will create a secret visual cryptography scheme which will protect the image from malicious persons.
EffiTest2: Efficient Delay Test and Prediction for Post-Silicon Clock Skew Configuration Under Process Variations

At nanometer manufacturing technology nodes, process variations affect circuit performance significantly. This trend leads to a large timing margin and thus overdesign in the traditional worst-case circuit design flow. To combat this pessimism, post-silicon clock tuning buffers can be deployed to balance timing slacks of consecutive combinational paths in individual chips by tuning clock skews after manufacturing. A challenge of this method is that path delays of each chip with timing failures should be measured to gather the information for clock skew configuration. However, current methods for delay measurement rely on path-wise frequency stepping, which requires much time from expensive testers. In this paper, we propose an efficient delay test framework (EffiTest2) to solve the post-silicon testing problem by testing only representative paths with delay alignment using the already-existing tunable buffers in the circuit. Experimental results demonstrate that EffiTest2 can reduce the number of frequency stepping iterations by more than 94% with only a slight yield loss.
Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) Using Triangle Decision Tree Method

: These This paper explains how the procedure of making computerized adaptive testing (CAT) uses a triangle decision tree method that starts from the determination of the number of items based on the many levels used, the placement of items based on the many levels used, the initial item selection procedure, the item selection procedure during test implementation using the triangle decision tree method, the procedure to end the test, up to the estimation ability of test participants.
Fast thermospheric wind jet at the Earth's dip equator

The thermospheric zonal wind forms a fast wind jet at the Earth's dip equator instead of the geographic equator. This remarkable feature is revealed in two sets of independent observations made two decades apart. One is from the CHAMP satellite during the year of 2002 and the other is from the DE‐2 satellite during Aug. 1981–Feb. 1983. Both observations show that this wind jet is eastward at night with speed reaching 150 ms−1, and westward around noon with speed over 75 ms−1. These fast wind jets are observed during local times of fully developed equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). On the other hand, a channel of slow wind is found on the dip equator during the period of 05–08 MLT, which corresponds to local times before the EIA develops. These features strongly suggest the ion drag being the principle cause for shifting the wind jet from the geographic equator to the dip equator.
CONHECIMENTO ESPECIALIZADO REVELADO POR PROFESSORES DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL DO ANOS INICIAIS NO TEMA DE MEDIDA DE COMPRIMENTO E SUA ESTIMATIVA

Milena Solda Plicastro [1] Alessandra Rodrigues de Almeida [2] Miguel Ribeiro [3] Resumo : A pratica docente devera contribuir para o desenvolvimento de discussoes matematicas significativas com os alunos, sendo para isso essencial um conhecimento matematico (especializado) do professor. Esta especializacao e considerada na perspectiva da conceitualizacao do Mathematics Teachers´ Specialized Knowledge (MTSK). Articulando-se pesquisa, formacao e pratica, configura-se um dos contextos ideais para melhor entender a natureza desse conhecimento (e posteriormente melhorar a formacao facultada). Neste texto discute-se alguns aspectos do conhecimento especializado revelado por professores da Educacao Infantil e dos Anos Iniciais no âmbito das medidas de comprimento e da estimativa dessas medidas. Palavras Chave : Conhecimento Especializado; MTSK; Geometria; Medidas; Anos Iniciais; [1] Doutoranda do Programa de Pos-Graduacao da Faculdade da UNICAMP. E-mail: mitapolicastro2gmail.com [2] Doutora pelo Programa de Pos-Graduacao Multiunidades em Ensino de Ciencias e Matematica (PECIM) da Unicamp. Professora da Faculdade de Educacao da Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas). E-mail: alessandraalmeida628@gmail.com [3] Doutor em Educacao Matematica pela Universidade de Huelva (Espanha). Professor da Faculdade de Educacao da UNICAMP. E-mail: cmribas78@gmail.com
Information quality analysis of online content

The quality of online content can be an important aspect in determining the success of a freecontent website. Whilst there have been many industry best practices focusing on improving accessibility and usability, there is little literature on comparing content quality to aid practitioners in deciding authoring approaches. This study forms part of a larger body of PhD research provide a framework to aid practitioner user-centred design technique selection.
Technical Report: Named Content Delivery Network

CDN (Content Delivery Network) focuses on delivering requested data to users, no matter where the data comes from; but the fundamental goal of IP is to connect hosts. The essential mismatching leads to complexity and inefficiency. More specifically, 1) CDN has to build components to map what to where, which is resource consuming; 2) CDN has to monitor real-time network state on the application layer, which is complex and not accurate. In contrast, NDN (Named Data Networking), provides the information and function that traditional CDN devotes a great deal of effort to achieve, since NDN routes by name, its routing plane holds the“what”, information of content distribution, and its stateful forwarding plane can detect and adapt to dynamic of the Internet. Thus this work enhances current CDN with NDN, here dubbed Named Content Delivery Network, or nCDN. In nCDN, CDN itself focuses on services such as accounting, data analysis etc; NDN runs over IP and takes charge of content routing and delivery. nCDN is more adaptive to the dynamic of the Internet and improves the performance, especially in a scenario where content copies are hosted in several hosts. nCDN makes it easier to implement optimization solutions and CDN Interconnecting. Our simulations demonstrate that nCDN is better than traditional CDN on almost all aspects, including the scalability, reliability, and QoS.
Learning Controllers for Complex Behavioral Systems5

Biological controlsystems routinely guide complex dynamical systemsthrough com plicated tasks such as running or diving. Conventional control techniques, however, stumble with these problems, which have complex dynamics, many degrees of freedom, and a task which is often only partially specified (e.g., "moveforward fast," or "execute a one-and-one-half-somersault dive"). To address problems like these, we are using a biologically-inspired, hierarchical control structure, in which controllers composed of radial basis function networks learn the controls required at each level of the hierar chy. Through learning and proper encoding of behaviors and controls, some of these difficulties in controlling complex systems can be overcome. 'This research was supported in part by ARO under grants DAAL03-91-G0171, DAAH04-94-G0211. DAAH04-95-05888, and MURI DAAH04-96-1-0341.
Complex formation reactions and equilibrium studies of mixed ligand complexes of diaqua (1-Phenyl piperazine)(Palladium)(II) with some biologically relevant ligands.

With the purpose of the search of new antitumor metal complexes, the complex-formation reactions of [Pd(Phenpip)(H2O)2] 2+ (Phenpip = 1-Phenylpiperazine) with some selected bio-relevant ligands, containing different functional groups (amino acids, peptides, DNA constituents and dicarboxylic acids) were investigated. Stoichiometry and stability constants for the complexes formed are reported. The results show the formation of 1 : 1 complexes with amino acids and dicarboxylic acids. The effect of chelate ring size of the dicarboxylic acid complexes on their stability constants was examined. Peptides form both 1 : 1 complexes and the corresponding deprotonated amide species. Structural effects of the peptide on the amide deprotonation were investigated. DNA pyrimidinic constituents, such as uracil, uridine, thymidine and thymine, form 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexes, whereas purinic constituents, such as inosine, inosine 5´-monophosphate (5-IMP) form only 1 : 1 complexes. The stability constant of the complexes formed in solution were determined and the binding centers of the ligands were assigned. The concentration distribution diagrams of the complexes were evaluated
Yet Another Refutation of the More Guns, Less Crime Hypothesisâ€”With Some Help From Moody and Marvell

Moody and Marvellâ€™s recent article in this journal examines a regression-based calculation in Ayres and Donohue (2003a) that indicated, based on state-specific estimates that were generated using county data from 1977-1997, that right-to-carry concealed handguns (RTC) laws were associated with higher overall crime costs. Moody and Marvell criticize that calculation for not extrapolating our trend estimates further, but since we had limited post-passage data for roughly half of our states, we were uncomfortable projecting crime trends far beyond our data. Our caution has now been validated, as the sharp crime declines of the 1990s disappeared after 2000. Moody and Marvell now repeat our state-specific regression-based calculation using county data through the year 2000 (but with a slightly altered specification), which finds that RTC laws have increased crime costs by $3 billion (in total) for 23 of the 24 jurisdictions they evaluated (Florida is the exception). Nonetheless, they conclude that RTC laws are â€œgenerally beneficialâ€ because they claim that the Florida RTC laws (inexplicably) reduced crime costs by $31 billion. But the one paper to focus on the impact of Floridaâ€™s RTC law â€“ of which Marvell was a coauthor! â€“ found that the law had no impact on crime. If Marvellâ€™s Florida paper is correct, then the Moody and Marvell findings are reconciled with Ayres and Donohueâ€™s Table 14 showing RTC laws increase crime costs (Ayres and Donohue 2003a). We also show that estimating aggregate (rather than state-specific) effects of RTC laws using the same data and same specification of Moody and Marvell provides statistically significant evidence of increases in aggravated assault, and no evidence of crime decreases. Similarly, Ayres and Donohue (2003b) showed that, after we corrected some coding errors in John Lottâ€™s data set used in Plassmann and Whitley (2003), their aggregated analysis on 1977-2000 county data also showed statistically significant evidence only of crime increases from RTC laws.
Differentiation of fi sh species in Taiwan Strait by PCR-RFLP and lab-ona-chip system

Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis and lab-on-achip systemwere used to identify 62 commercial fish species in Taiwan Strait. The fish species include 10 groupers, 12 bream species, 9 Sciaenidae species, 5 puffer species and 26 other fish species. A fragment of 464 bp length of mitochondrial cytoehrome b gene was amplified by PCR and the products were digested with restriction enzymes DdeI, HaeIII and NlaIII, individually. The fragments generated after digestion were further resolved on the DNA chip. The results demonstrated that PCR-RFLP analysis and lab-on-achip system provided a fast, easy, automated and reliable analysis approach and it will be useful for the control of the adulteration of food with fish tissue content in Taiwan Strait. 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
In-silico Lifetime , Power Consumption and Storage Requirement Comparison of Model based Cardiac Sensing Strategies

The novel idea of Generative Model based Compressive Sensing (GenCS) is proposed in this paper, that combines the strengths of two competing data compression techniques, compressive sensing (CS) and generative model based resource efficient communication (GeMREM). Compressive sensing reduces sampling frequency of the sensor and makes it lightweight, but the compression ratio is low around 2 3 for electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. GeMREM reduces communication from a cardiac sensor by 40 fold but the sensor has to perform complex operations and have to be tuned for a given individual. GenCS reaps the synergistic benefits of CS and GeMREM to achieve a 5 fold increase in compression ratio with respect to CS with simple and generic sensors. The GenCS sensing technology is useful when the continuous monitoring is required in a free living scenario. It can optimize the trade-off between energy consumption, battery lifetime, execution time and accuracy and enable long term continuous monitoring in a smartwatch.
Finite-difference time-domain investigation of band-edge resonant modes in finite-size two-dimensional photonic crystal slab

We investigate characteristics of optical modes near band edges of finite-size two-dimensional photonic crystals and photonic crystal slab structures by using finite-difference time-domain calculations. Mode patterns, spectra, and quality factors are calculated near several photonic band edges of triangular lattice air-hole structures. As the size of a photonic crystal pattern increases, the spectral peak approaches the photonic band edge and the quality factor increases. It is interesting to find that, in spite of out-of-plane radiation loss, band-edge quality factors of the photonic crystal slab is larger than those of the two-dimensional photonic crystal with equivalent effective refractive index. This fact originates from the slower group velocity near band edges of photonic crystal slab structures compared with two-dimensional photonic crystals. High quality factors $g2000$ are achieved from the second $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ point of the photonic crystal air-bridge slab with only 15 layers of air holes.
Developing STACK practice questions for the Mathematics Masters Programme at the OU

The design and implementation of Masters level e-assessment in STACK is described for the introductory module M820 Calculus of Variations and Advanced Calculus in the Open University’s Masters Programme in Mathematics. Some basic design principles are described and illustrated for an online practice quiz on the use of the Jacobi equation to classify stationary paths.
A study of the experience of female African-American seventh graders in a science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) afterschool program

ii Dedication . iv Acknowledgements . v List of Tables . x List of Figures . xi Chapter I–Introduction . 1 Problem Statement . 5 Purpose and Contributions . 8 Justification and Significance . 9 Research Questions . 11 Conceptual and Theoretical Framework . 12 Motivation and Interest in STEM . 17 MJS Program Description . 20 Follow-Up with Participants . 24 Chapter II–Literature Review . 26 Women and Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math ( STEM) . 27 African-American Women and STEM . 29 Access and Equity in STEM Education for African-American Girls: Achievement and Attainment . 34 Access to Advanced Math and Science –Tracking in Middle and High School . 35 STEM: Gender and Race . 37 STEM: Gender Beliefs and Interest, Motivation, and Stereotypes . 40
A Novel Protocol for Securing Network Slice Component Association and Slice Isolation in 5G Networks

Slicing of a 5G network by creating virtualized instances of network functions facilitates the support of different service types with varying requirements. The management and orchestration layer identifies the components in the virtualization infrastructure to form an end-to-end slice for an intended service type. The key security challenges for the softwarized 5G networks are, (i) ensuring availability of a centralized controller/orchestrator, (ii) association between legitimate network slice components, and (iii) network slice isolation. To address these challenges, in this paper, we propose a novel implicit mutual authentication and key establishment with group anonymity protocol using proxy re-encryption on elliptic curve. The protocol provides (i) controller independent distributed association between components of a network slice, (ii) implicit authentication between network slice components to allow secure association, (iii) secure key establishment between component pairs for secure slice isolation, and (iv) service group anonymity. The proposed protocol's robustness is validated with necessary security analysis. The computation and bandwidth overheads of the proposed protocol are compared with that of the certificate based protocol, and our proposed protocol has 9.52% less computation overhead and 13.64% less bandwidth overhead for Type A1 pairing.
Quantifying Context Overlap for Training Word Embeddings

Most models for learning word embeddings are trained based on the context information of words, more precisely first order co-occurrence relations. In this paper, a metric is designed to estimate second order co-occurrence relations based on context overlap. The estimated values are further used as the augmented data to enhance the learning of word embeddings by joint training with existing neural word embedding models. Experimental results show that better word vectors can be obtained for word similarity tasks and some downstream NLP tasks by the enhanced approach.
Electrical Stimulation Therapy History And Contemporary Applications

The paper deals with the problems which are evoked by electric stimulation of human in the process of physiotherapy. Some historical background has been showed as well as the contemporary applications have been described. Special attention has been paid to the quite new applications, namely the electric stimulation of tips. Results of the medical treatments (case studies) are presented.
An Efficient Method of Crowd Aggregation Computation in Public Areas

The crowd stampede and terrorist attacks in public areas have now become more serious and dangerous threats due to the rapid increase in the population and scale of cities. Therefore, the analysis of crowd aggregation behavior has been a new research focus in the field of intelligent video surveillance. However, such public area scenes not only contain moving crowd but also contain other types of objects. The sizes of these objects are usually small, which make their appearances quite similar. Moreover, the individuals in a crowd move randomly and often occlude each other. All the above factors make the analysis of crowd aggregation very difficult. In this paper, the authors attempt to solve this problem in three aspects. First, a novel global feature is used to represent the moving crowd. This feature can well describe the spatial and the temporal motion information of points-of-interest. Second, a strategy is adopted to cluster the feature points first and then calculate the collectiveness. This makes the collectiveness computation of individual groups more consistent and effective. Finally, more comprehensive collective crowd descriptors are proposed to provide a detailed description of the crowd status. Based on the proposed descriptor, the authors realize the evolution analysis of the group movement and the crowd abnormal detection. The experiment results show that the proposed method is able to efficiently compute the crowd collectiveness in various public areas and provide a reliable reference for the public safety management.
A System Level Simulator for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks

Ahstract- This paper introduces Yet Another Wireless Network Simulator (YAWNS), a simulator supporting the development and automated validation of complex heterogeneous systems based on wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs). YAWNS allows simulation of heterogeneous systems through the use of a novel Virtual Radio Interface (VRI) abstraction that mimics the operation of physical radio hardware over a language independent simulation protocol. This simplifies system integration and decouples application languages and hardware from the simulation process, allowing evaluation and interoperability testing when using different languages, operating systems, applications and protocol implementations. The simulator is based on an extensible discrete-time engine coupled with a low-fidelity emulated medium allowing intuitive description of scenarios as well as simulation of complex dynamic and multiband environments with approximate real-world parity. A simple configuration language allows the definition of scenarios as well as events to update or validate the state of the simulation, allowing automated alteration of scenarios and evaluation of applications.