Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On properties of floating point arithmetics: numerical stability and the cost of accurate computations

Floating point arithmetics generally possess many regularity properties in addition to those that are typically used in roundoff error analyses; these properties can be exploited to produce computations that are more accurate and cost effective than many programmers might think possible. Furthermore, many of these properties are quite simple to state and to comprehend, but few programmers seem to be aware of them (or at least willing to rely on them). This dissertation presents some of these properties and explores their consequences for computability, accuracy, cost, and portability. For example, we consider several algorithms for summing a sequence of numbers and show that under very general hypotheses, we can compute a sum to full working precision at only somewhat greater cost than a simple accumulation, which can often produce a sum with no significant figures at all. This example, as well as others we present, can be generalized further by substituting still more complex algorithms; consequently, examples such as these oblige us to consider more carefully the tradeoffs between cost and accuracy. At one end of the accuracy spectrum we find one of the least obvious consequences of the properties of floating point arithmetic: the accuracy of a computation consisting of rational arithmetic operations and comparisons need not be limited by the precision of the floating point arithmetic in which it is carried out. Of course, the more accuracy desired, the greater the cost of the computation, and the cost of computing a very accurate result may be quite high; we illustrate this possibility in the case of polynomial evaluation. At the other end of the spectrum, however, we give an example of a problem for which simply computing a result to a modest guaranteed accuracy costs far less than the contortions required to accommodate inaccurate results. As a consequence of examples such as these, we conclude that programmers and theorists alike must be willing to adopt a more sophisticated view of floating point arithmetic, even if only to consider that more accurate and reliable computations than those presently in common use might be possible based on stronger hypotheses than are customarily assumed.
The Association Between Emotional Labour and Emotional Exhaustion Among Undergraduate Nursing Students During Clinical Posting

Introduction: Nursing students with lesser experience and training are likely to react negatively to emotional labour and are at higher risk for deterioration of psychological well-being and increase emotional exhaustion due to accumulated stress. This study aims to determine the level and association between emotional labour and emotional exhaustion among undergraduate nursing students during clinical posting. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate nursing students in a public University in Malaysia using online surveys. The Nurse Emotional Labour Scale (NELS) consist of 15 items and scored the response using the 5-point Likert scale was used to measure the level of emotional labour. Meanwhile, emotional exhaustion was measured using 9 items Emotional Exhaustion subscale of Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: A total of 155 students (81.3% female and 18.7 % male) responded to the study. The level of emotional labour among nursing students were found to be moderate with a mean score of 20.26 and most students used genuine acting. More students engaged in deep acting (Mean = 11.30) compared to surface acting (Mean = 8.97). A high level of emotional exhaustion was identified in 14.2% of the students. Clinical posting experience and emotional exhaustion were found to be associated. Posting in the operation theatre and labour room leads to emotional exhaustion. There was positive significant association between emotional labour and emotional exhaustion of the students. Conclusion: Overall, it can be concluded that emotional exhaustion during clinical posting is related to emotional labour. Thus, measures in dealing with emotional labour such as effective coping strategies and stress prevention can be encouraged. Close monitoring and support from the clinical teachers should be strengthened so that early assistance can be delivered to the needy students. Also, steps in the arrangement of the clinical posting should be employed to make it student friendly and interesting clinical learning. Further research from the clinical teachers’ perspective should be done so that early assessment of students’ performance or any emotional issues that arise can be monitored and detected early.
How Do Health Teams Perceive International Migrant Users of Primary Care?

The following study aims to describe the perception of international migrants who use the primary level of care by health personnel and to explore how this perception can affect the care process in the commune of Antofagasta, north of Chile. Methodology: The methodology was qualitative using a phenomenological descriptive design, through which the discourses of the health personnel of three primary health care centers (n = 14) were explored. Results: The participants presented two thematic categories. The first one related to experiences during delivery of care to migrants and included perceptions and beliefs, factors associated with using services, and reasons for consultation. The second category related to stereotypes towards migrants, including prejudices, beliefs about their lives and reasons for migration. Conclusions: The therapeutic relationship with migrants in primary care depends on the health care personnel’s acceptability of this population, hence, allowing the delivery of care based on respect for their culture and rights.
Spatiotemporal Prediction Based Intelligent Task Allocation for Secure Spatial Crowdsourcing in Industrial IoT

With the emergence of spatial crowdsourcing technology, an efficient task allocation is the key to ensure the sustainable development of spatial crowdsourcing. However, previous spatial crowdsourcing task allocation technologies ignore the temporal and spatial continuity between historical task data, thus reducing the efficiency of crowdsourcing task allocation. In addition, spatial crowdsourcing also suffers from the privacy leakage problem. To solve these problems, we propose a Spatiotemporal Prediction based Spatial Crowdsourcing strategy, named SPSC, using both blockchain and artificial intelligence. Specifically, considering the temporal and spatial continuity of crowdsourced task data, SPSC combines both gated recurrent unit and variational autoencoder for crowdsourcing task prediction. In addition, different Laplacian noises are added to crowdsourced task data so as to protect the privacy of crowdsourced workers during the task prediction. Moreover, by classifying crowdsourcing tasks and grouping crowdsourcing workers, SPSC reduces the risk of crowdsourcing workers colluding to steal the privacy data of crowdsourcing tasks using the blockchain technology. The experimental results show that SPSC can improve the privacy protection of spatial crowdsourcing, specifically, the more the number of categories, the higher the degree of privacy protection, and under the premise of predicting value, excellent system performance can be achieved.
How people use information about the number and distribution of judgments when tapping into the wisdom of the crowds.

Using an advice-taking paradigm, we investigated how people use information about the wisdom of the crowds when revising their judgments. We focused on two types of information: information about the size of the advisor crowd and information about the distribution of the judgments within the crowd. To test whether judges use these two types of information, we varied the size of the advisor crowd (two, four, or eight advisors) and orthogonally manipulated whether judges received advice in the form of a crowd estimate or in the form of the separate individual judgments. In a third condition, participants received the crowd estimate, but it was labeled as stemming from an individual. We found no evidence that judges used information about the size of the crowd, but they considered information about the distribution of the advice when revising their opinions. Compared with crowd estimates, receiving the individual judgments as advice led to less advice taking but not to substantial differences in post-advice accuracy. Exploratory analyses showed that judges receiving multiple pieces of advice heeded advice less when their initial judgments were closer to the center of the distribution of judgments. In those instances, their initial judgments were also the most accurate, so they stood to gain less from the advice. Receiving multiple pieces of advice also led to smaller confidence gains, suggesting that judges receiving crowd judgments as advice might underestimate the variance of the underlying individual judgments.
Ultra Wideband Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging: Imaging algorithm

Nowadays, localization of cars is mostly done using GPS. Some major disadvantages of this method are that it is not very accurate and that it cannot be used indoors. These disadvantages do not form a major problem when an active human driver is controlling the car, but will become more critical when the autonomy of vehicles increases. The goal of this project is to use Synthetic Aperture Radar techniques to overcome the problems of GPS. To achieve this, different imaging algorithms have been implemented, and a single method has been extended to directly accommodate the road-mapping application. Different measurements were done to test the algorithms and the results were promising. It is hoped that the use of this technology will become wide-spread and that it can help with creating a safer and more efficient world of traffic, where increased self-driving capabilities are facilitated.
Manufacture of Whey Protein Hydrolysates Using Plant Enzymes: Effect of Processing Conditions and Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion on Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Activity

Hydrolysis of proteins leads to the release of bioactive peptides with positive impact on human health. Peptides exhibiting antihypertensive properties (i.e., inhibition of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme) are commonly found in whey protein hydrolysates made with enzymes of animal, plant or microbial origin. However, bioactive properties can be influenced by processing conditions and gastrointestinal digestion. In this study, we evaluated the impact of three plant enzymes (papain, bromelain and ficin) in the manufacture of whey protein hydrolysates with varying level of pH, enzyme-to-substrate ratio and time of hydrolysis, based on a central composite design, to determine the degree of hydrolysis and antihypertensive properties. Hydrolysates made on laboratory scales showed great variation in the type of enzyme used, their concentrations and the pH level of hydrolysis. However, low degrees of hydrolysis in papain and bromelain treatments were associated with increased antihypertensive properties, when compared to ficin. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion performed for selected hydrolysates showed an increase in antihypertensive properties of hydrolysates made with papain and bromelain, which was probably caused by further release of peptides. Several peptides with reported antihypertensive properties were found in all treatments. These results suggest plant enzymes used in this study can be suitable candidates to develop ingredients with bioactive properties.
An Introduction to Local Entropy and Local Unicity

As introduced by Shannon in “Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems”, entropy and unicity distance are defined at a global level, under the assumption that the properties of symbols resemble that of independent random variables. However, while applying entropy and unicity to language(s), e.g., encryption and decryption, the symbols (letters) of a language are not independent. Thus, we introduce a new measure, $H_{L}(s)$, called the “local entropy” of a string s. $H_{L}(s)$ includes a priori information about the language and text at the time of application. Since the unicity distance is dependent on the entropy (because entropy is the basis of calculations for the unicity distance), local entropy leads to a local unicity distance for a string. Our local entropy measure explains why some texts are susceptible to decryption using fewer symbols than predicted by Shannon’s unicity while other texts require more. We demonstrate local entropy using a substitution cipher along with the results for an algorithm based on the principle, and show that Shannon’s unicity is an average measure rather than a lower bound; this motivates us to present a discussion on the implications of local entropy and unicity distance.
Association between Seminal Oxidation-Reduction Potential and Sperm DNA Fragmentation—A Meta-Analysis

Seminal oxidative stress and sperm DNA damage are potential etiologies of male factor infertility. The present study aims to evaluate the relationship between oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), a measure of oxidative stress, and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant clinical data. A literature search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The COVIDENCE tool was used to screen and identify studies evaluating seminal ORP and SDF. Studies (n = 7) that measured seminal ORP and SDF of 3491 semen samples were included in the analysis. The fixed-effects model revealed a significant pooled correlation coefficient (r = 0.24; p < 0.001) between seminal ORP and SDF. Furthermore, subgroup analyses indicated that the pooled correlation coefficient between ORP and sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) assay was less than other SDF assays (0.23 vs. 0.29). There was a moderate level of heterogeneity (I2 = 42.27%) among the studies, indicating a lack of publication bias. This is the first meta-analysis to reveal a positive correlation between seminal ORP and SDF. Furthermore, this study indicates the role of oxidative stress in the development of sperm DNA damage and thus warrants prospectively exploring the clinical value of these sperm function tests.
Prevalence of GitOps, DevOps in Fast CI/CD Cycles

Today, when we are surrounded by technology, software and applications are making our lives more efficient and easy because of the operations and processes controlled by them. Since the technology is constantly changing at a very high pace, improving and modifying with each development, there is a constant need of is faster and more frequent delivery of the software and applications. Today, most software and applications are built in such a way that they could run across multiple operating environments. Software development is performed using agile principles and the most critical part of it is Continuous Delivery and Continuous Integration (CI/CD). CI/CD aims at automating the process of testing, building, and deploying the commitments made by the developer to the code repository. The use of Container-based applications solves a number of complex problems that are found on CI/CD such as portability, elasticity, visibility, and version control. This modular approach enables a simpler, faster, more secure, and more efficient way of development by more focused teams responsible for specific containers. In this context, a new point of interest in the development process, GitOps, which is more agile, reliable, fast, and efficient in its approach towards better performance levels with cloud-native. The main objective of this paper is to understand the Kubernetes GitOps process by day 2 operations, to access the benefits of implementing GitOps in the Kubernetes environment, and to implement Kubernetes GitOps on AWS.
Surgical outcomes of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma

Background/aim Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma. The aim of this study is to present the results of the patients we treated with the diagnosis of EMC as an oncology reference center. Materials and methods Information on 13 patients diagnosed with EMC between 2006 and 2018 was retrospectively reviewed. Patients’ demographic information, tumor sizes, surgical treatments, chemotherapy and radiotherapy statuses, follow-up times, recurrences, and metastases were recorded. Results Mean patient age was 53.6 ± 15 years (range: 28–73). In 8 patients, the tumor was located in the lower limbs, most commonly in the thigh (46.2%). Mean follow-up period was 52.8 ± 19.9 (24–96) months. All patients underwent wide resections and only one had a positive surgical margin. In follow-up, 5 (38.5%) patients experienced recurrence; 6 patients had lung metastasis (46.2%) and 7 patients (53.8%) died. Mean tumor size was 10.4 ± 3.2 (5–17) cm. Median survival time was 61 (50.5–71.4) months and 5-year survival rate was 51.8%. There was no significant difference between survival times according to age, gender, side, limb location, postoperative radiotherapy, recurrence, or presence of lung metastasis. The cut-off value for death obtained by ROC analysis of tumor size was 11 cm. Conclusion EMC is a rare soft tissue sarcoma with high local recurrence and metastasis capacity. Tumor size and metastatic disease are poor prognostic criteria. If it is a localized disease, the first option should be wide resection.
Automated Design of Embedded Constraints for Soft Hands Enabling New Grasp Strategies

Soft robotic hands allow to fully exploit hand-object-environment interactions to complete grasping tasks. However, their usability can still be limited in some scenarios (e.g., restricted or cluttered spaces). In this article, we propose to enhance the versatility of soft grippers by adding special passive components to their structure, without completely altering their design, nor their control. A method for the automated design of soft-rigid scoop-shaped add-ons acting as “embedded constraints” is presented. Given a certain gripper and a large set of objects, the design parameters of the optimal scoop for each object are derived by solving an optimization problem. Also the object-environment relative pose is considered in the optimization. The obtained “optimal scoops” are clustered to get a limited set of representative scoop designs which can be prototyped and used in grasping tasks. In this article, we also introduce a data-driven method allowing a grasp planner to select the most suitable scoop to be added to the used hand, given a certain object and its configuration with respect to the surrounding environment. Experiments with two different hands validate the proposed approach.
Effects of Convective Drying of Quince Fruit (Cydonia oblonga) on Color, Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compounds under Various Fruit Juice Dipping Pre-Treatments

In this study, 3 mm thick quince slices were dipped in bitter orange (BO), tangerine (Citrus deliciosa Mediterranean) (CDM), orange (O), tangerine (Citrus reticulata Owari) (CRO), pomegranate (P) juices and a non-pre-treatment (control) dried at an air temperature of 70 °C and air velocity of 1.5 m/s. According to the results of the pre-treatment trials, drying time was found to be a minimum of 121 min in pomegranate at 5 min dipping time to reach a safe moisture content of 10% (w.b.). The lowest total color change (∆E) values were observed in orange juice dipped samples (10.19). We found the highest total phenolics (TP) (16.77 mg GAE/g d.w.) in CDM, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) (32.49 µmol TE/g d.w.) in P and total flavonoid (TF) (2018.15 mg GAE/kg d.w.) in BO for 5 min dipping time values. As a result, pomegranate juice pre-treatment in all dipping times improved the biocompounds for quince slices.
The Privacy Consciousness of Undergraduate Students: Comparison Between Turkey and Japan

AIM: This study was designed to compare the privacy consciousness of undergraduate students in Turkey and Japan. METHOD: A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out. First-year undergraduate students at a university in Turkey (n = 235) and a university in Japan (n = 242) voluntarily participated in the study. Data were collected via a web-based structured questionnaire, using the Descriptive Characteristics Form and the Privacy Consciousness Scale, between November and December 2020. Written approval was obtained from the universities and the ethics board. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Results: The privacy consciousness of the Turkish students was significantly higher than that of the Japanese students (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Privacy consciousness can be affected by individual, social, and cultural value differences, beliefs, and perceptions. It is suggested that similar studies be conducted with a greater number of samples and between different countries.
An Electrohydraulic Force Control System for Large-Scale Force Calibration

Calibration of large-scale force sensors using force standard machines (FSMs) has found increasing requirements but faces difficulty in fulfilling the demands of high pressure, low measurement uncertainty, and enough force-holding duration. To cope with this difficulty, this article proposes an electrohydraulic force control system for large-scale force calibration, which is composed of a coarse force control (CFC) unit and a fine force control (FFC) unit. The CFC unit consists of a variable-speed pump source and a single-rod cylinder as a hydraulic booster. In the FFC unit, an asymmetric double-rod hydraulic cylinder is first presented to adjust the oil volume with a high resolution into or out of the working cylinder, such that force control can be achieved with good stability performance. A design criterion is also given to determine key system parameters. Moreover, two practical controllers are designed for CFC and FFC, which both consist of a feedforward term and a feedback term. Two force control tests of 1000 and 5000 kN are carried out using an actual FSM to validate the proposed system. The test results show that the generated forces can be controlled within 1000 ± 0.05 kN and 5000 ± 0.1 kN from the indicator values of the force sensor that has been calibrated by another FSM. When using the system for calibration using two sensors, the response rates of the different sensors will differ. Considering the limited force capacity of the FSM, an additional force simulation test of 15 000 kN is also implemented to show the high-pressure loading ability of the proposed system.