Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Indole-3-acetic Acid and Other Growth Regulators on the Ripening of Avocado Fruits.

Observations were made of the effects of several plant regulators, indole-3-acetic acid, kinetin, abscisic acid, and gibberellic acid, as well as of extracts prepared from leaves and fruit stalks on the respiration pattern, ethylene production, and the number of days to ripen of avocado fruits (Persea americana Mill.). These substances were vacuum infiltrated to insure good penetration and distribution. Kinetin, abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, and the extracts had no effect on either ripening time or on the respiration pattern and ethylene production of the fruits. Indoleacetic acid, however, had a marked effect on ripening. At high concentrations (100 and 1000 mum), indoleacetic acid stimulated respiration and induced preclimacteric ethylene production, resulting in accelerated ripening of the fruits. At the low concentrations (1 and 10 mum), it delayed ripening of fruits and suppressed the climacteric respiration and ethylene production. The results reinforce several previous observations with other fruits that auxins may largely constitute ;resistance to ripening' and may be responsible for the lack of ripening shown by unpicked fruits.
Tests for the chronic toxicity of propylene glycol and triethylene glycol on monkeys and rats by vapor inhalation and oral administration.

With a view to determining the safety of employing the vapors of propylene glycol and triethylene glycol in atmospheres inhabited by human beings, monkeys and rats were exposed continuously to high concentrations of these vapors for periods of 12 to 18 months. Equal numbers of control animals were maintained under physically similar conditions. Long term tests of the effects on ingesting triethylene glycol were also carried out. The doses administered represented 50 to 700 times the amount of glycol the animal could absorb by breathing air saturated with the glycol. Comparative observations on the growth rates, blood counts, urine examinations, kidney function tests, fertility and general condition of the test and control groups, exhibited no essential differences between them with the exception that the rats in the glycol atmospheres exhibited consistently higher weight gains. Some drying of the skin of the monkeys9 faces occurred after several months continuous exposure to a heavy fog of triethylene glycol. However, when the vapor concentration was maintained just below saturation by means of the glycostat this effect did not occur. Examination at autopsy likewise failed to reveal any differences between the animals kept in glycolized air and those living in the ordinary room atmosphere. Extensive histological study of the lungs was made to ascertain whether the glycol had produced any generalized or local irritation. None was found. The kidneys, liver, spleen and bone marrow also were normal. The results of these experiments in conjunction with the absence of any observed ill effects in patients exposed to both triethylene glycol and propylene glycol vapors for months at a time, provide assurance that air containing these vapors in amounts up to the saturation point is completely harmless.
Learning hierarchical models: advice for the rest of us.

Ionides, E. L. , C. Breto, and A. A. King. 2006. Inference for nonlinear dynamical systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 103:18438-18443. Lele, S. R. , B. Dennis, and F. Lutscher. 2007. Data cloning: easy maximum likelihood estimation for complex ecological models using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Ecology Letters 10:551-563. Little, R. J. 2006. Calibrated Bayes: a Bayes/frequentist roadmap. American Statistician 60:213-223. Mayo, D. G. , and A. Spanos. 2006. Severe testing as a basic concept in a Neyman-Pearson philosophy of induction. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 57:323-357. McCulloch, C. E. , and S. R. Searle. 2001. Generalized, linear, and mixed models. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, USA. Mignani, S. , and R. Rosa. 2001. Markov chain Monte Carlo in statistical mechanics: the problem of accuracy. Technomet rics 43:347-355. Morris, C. N. 1983. Parametric Empirical Bayes inference: theory and applications. Journal of the American Statistical Association 78:47-55. O'Hagan, A. 1994. Kendall's advanced theory of statistics. Volume 2B: Bayesian inference. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA. O'Hagan, A. 2003. HSSS model cricitism. Pages 423^144 in P. J. Green, N. L. Hjort, and S. Richardson, editors. Highly structured stochastic systems. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA. Robins, J. M. , A. van der Vaart, and V. Ventura. 2000. Asymptotic distribution of P values in composite null models. Journal of the American Statistical Association 95: 1143-1156. Royall, R. M. 1997. Statistical evidence: a likelihood paradigm. Chapman and Hall, New York, New York, USA. Rubin, D. B. 1984. Bayesianly justifiable and relevant frequency calculations for the applied statistician. Annals of Statistics 12:1151-1172. Snover, M. L. 2008. Comments on "Using Bayesian state-space modelling to assess the recovery and harvest potential of the Hawaiian green sea turtle stock. " Ecological Modelling 212: 545-549. Spiegelhalter, D. J., N. G. Best, B. R. Carlin, and A. van der Linde. 2002. Bayesian measures of model complexity and fit. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B? Statistical Methodology 64:583-616. Ye, J. M. 1998. On measuring and correcting the effects of data mining and model selection. Journal of the American Statistical Association 93:120-131.
Wireless Sensor Network Simulation Frameworks : A Tutorial

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a distributed set of sensors deployed to work together for collective sensing and possible data processing. A WSN can be used to monitor environmental behavior and structural integrity in a variety of application fields, thus becoming an integral part of consumer electronics of smart buildings in smart cities. Due to ever increasing population growth with limited natural resources smart cities are expected to be the wave of the future. For instance, wireless sensor networks are widely used in industrial settings with machine monitoring and play an important role for monitoring the structural integrity of large buildings and bridges. This review paper focuses on existing WSN simulation frameworks that could be integrated with real-time hardware prototypes. Various such simulation frameworks are analyzed and compared, and a suitable simulation environment that supports specific software packages is determined.
An extension of affected‐pedigree‐member analyses to triads of relatives

The affected third‐degree relatives method (“cousins method” ‐ CM) shares key features with the affected‐sibling method, but it groups first cousins in triads, with the hope of requiring fewer individuals to be typed. The aim is to provide an efficient and computationally convenient method of genome screening, capitalizing on the vast number of highly informative markers mapped in recent years. The nonparametric CM statistic measures increased marker similarity, making no assumptions concerning how the disease is inherited; this can be advantageous when dealing with complex diseases for which the mode of inheritance is difficult to determine. This article presents a brief statistical development of the CM method and describes the results of applying the method to one replicate of the simulated extended family data set. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An improved space-time trellis coded modulation scheme on slow Rayleigh fading channels

It has been established that the appropriate criteria for space-time trellis coded modulation (STTCM) design on slow Rayleigh fading channels are maximization of the minimum rank and the minimum determinant of the distance matrices. We show here that when STTCM is used in systems with a large product of the numbers of the transmit and the receive antennas (>3), the multiple fading subchannels between individual transmit and receive antenna pairs converge to an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and the design of codes with maximum coding gain is governed by the minimum trace of the distance matrices, or the minimum Euclidean distance between any two codewords over all transmit antennas. A number of new 4 and 8-PSK codes based on the proposed design criterion were constructed and shown to be superior to other known codes.
Tendon repair through stem cell intervention: Cellular and molecular approaches

Tendon injuries are common in either the workplace or sport activities, with some 3 to 5 million tendon and ligament injuries occurring annually worldwide. Management of tendon injury currently follows two routes: Conservative (rehabilitation and pain relief), or surgical. Irrespective of which of these primary treatment routes are followed, even if healing does occur, it may not result in a full gain of function. The inability of the tendon to self-repair and the relative inefficiency of current treatment regimens suggest that identifying alternative strategies is a priority. One such alternative is the use of stem cells to repair damage, either through direct application or in conjunction with scaffolding. We describe the current state of the art in terms of: (i) Molecular markers of tendon development, (ii) stem cell applicability to human tendon repair, (iii) scaffolding for in vitro tendon generation, and (iv) chemical/molecular approaches to both induce stem cell differentiation into tenocytes and maintain their proliferation in vitro.
Four Quadrants Integrated Transformers for Dual-Input Isolated DC–DC Converters

A common limitation of power coupling effect in some known multiple-input dc-dc converters has been addressed in many literatures. In order to overcome this limitation, a new concept for decoupling the primary windings in the integrated multiple-winding transformers based on 3-D space orthogonal flux is proposed in this letter. And thus, a new geometry core and relative winding arrangements are proposed in accordance with the orthogonal flux decoupling technology. Due to the four secondary windings are arranged in a quadratic pattern at the base core plate with the two perpendicular primary windings, a name of “four quadrants integrated transformers” (FQIT) is, therefore, given to the proposed construction. Since the two primary windings are uncoupled, the FQIT allows the two input power stages to transfer the energy into the output load simultaneously or at any time-multiplexing scheme, which can optimize the utilization of input sources, simplify the system structure, and reduce the overall cost, so they are attractive for the hybrid renewable power system. Section IV initiates a discussion for the advantages of the FQIT. In order to verify the feasibility of the FQIT in multiple-input converter, a dual-input isolated boost dc-dc converter with the FQIT is designed and tested. The results have excellently demonstrated that the two input power stages can be operated independently and the correctness of all the analysis in the letter.
Effects of physical exercise on insulin absorption in insulin-dependent diabetics. A comparison between human and porcine insulin.

Nine insulin-dependent diabetics with undetectable plasma C-peptide (less than 0.05 nmol l-1) and without insulin antibodies (insulin binding to IgG less than 0.05 Ul-1) received subcutaneous injections of 10 U 125I-labelled soluble human or porcine insulin in the thigh on 2 consecutive days. Disappearance rates of 125I were monitored continuously by external counting and plasma insulin levels were determined during rest for 30 min, bicycle exercise of moderate intensity for 40 min, and 60 min recovery. Subcutaneous blood flow was measured concomitantly in the contralateral thigh by the 133Xenon clearance technique. During the initial period of rest human insulin was absorbed approximately 40% faster than its porcine analogue (first order rate constants 0.37 +/- 0.06 vs 0.27 +/- 0.06% min-1, P less than 0.05) and the increment of the area under the plasma insulin curve was greater after human than after porcine insulin (184 +/- 46 vs 112 +/- 42 mUl-1 min, P less than 0.05). Exercise enhanced the absorption rates for both 125I-insulins to 0.50 +/- 0.06 and 0.48 +/- 0.10% min-1 for human and porcine insulin, respectively (P less than 0.05). This increase was less pronounced for human compared to porcine insulin (49 +/- 19 vs 105 +/- 40%, P = 0.06). During exercise plasma insulin rose to 37 +/- 5 mUl-1 after human and 30 +/- 5 mUl-1 after porcine insulin and the areas under the plasma insulin curves were similar. During the recovery phase the absorption rates decreased slightly compared to the exercise value for both insulins. The blood glucose lowering effect was similar for the two insulins. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Transitioning Between Online Gambling Modalities and Decrease in Total Gambling Activity, but No Indication of Increase in Problematic Online Gambling Intensity During the First Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Sweden: A Time Series Forecast Study

Introduction: The COVID-19 outbreak will likely have a public health impact beyond immediate disease transmission. Little is known about whether social distancing and other societal changes has provoked an increase in gambling, whether decreased betting opportunities due to paused sports events spurred gamblers to transition to online casino gambling, or whether any of these factors have had an impact on problem gambling. Methods: Data on lookup queries against the Swedish Gambling Paus registry, logging all initiated gambling sessions by all licensed gambling providers, from 2019-01-01 (start of registry) to 2020-04-08 (well into the first phase of the outbreak) were analyzed using TBATS time series forecasting to estimate trends after the first domestic COVID-19 death. Obfuscated data on daily total wagered and deposited amounts, split by modality (casino or betting, and low and high intensity, respectively) for the equivalent period were supplied by a licensed online gambling provider. Results: Total gambling activity decreased by 13.29% during the first phase of the outbreak compared to forecast. Analyses of online gambling data revealed that although betting decreased substantially in synchrony with a slight increase in online casino gambling, there was no increase in likely problematic, high-intensity gambling and neither did total online gambling increase. Conclusions: This first, preliminary study revealed no increase in Swedish gambling activity, total or specifically online, in the first phase of the COVID-19 outbreak. Future research should examine whether pandemic-induced transitioning between gambling modalities and/or increased participation in gambling, leads to long-term effects on prevalence of problem gambling.
Carbon nanotube film-based cantilever for light and thermal energy harvesting

A new type of energy harvesting device based on a self-reciprocating carbon nanotube film (CNF)-PZT cantilever upon exposure to light and thermal radiation is reported. For a typical device of 20 mm in length, 8 mm in width, 300 µm in thickness, the open circuit voltage can be up to 8V. Without any device optimization, the generated power is in the range of 0.85 µW. Analysis and experiments indicate that the output power can be enhanced significantly by reducing the internal resistance of the device or by operating arrayed devices.
Construction of a Lotus japonicus Late Nodulin Expressed Sequence Tag Library and Identification of Novel Nodule-Specific Genes

A range of novel expressed sequence tags (ESTs) associated with late developmental events during nodule organogenesis in the legume Lotus japonicus were identified using mRNA differential display; 110 differentially displayed polymerase chain reaction products were cloned and analyzed. Of 88 unique cDNAs obtained, 22 shared significant homology to DNA/protein sequences in the respective databases. This group comprises, among others, a nodule-specific homolog of protein phosphatase 2C, a peptide transporter protein, and a nodule-specific form of cytochrome P450. RNA gel-blot analysis of 16 differentially displayed ESTs confirmed their nodule-specific expression pattern. The kinetics of mRNA accumulation of the majority of the ESTs analyzed were found to resemble the expression pattern observed for the L. japonicus leghemoglobin gene. These results indicate that the newly isolated molecular markers correspond to genes induced during late developmental stages of L. japonicus nodule organogenesis and provide important, novel tools for the study of nodulation.
Tracing of the entorhinal‐hippocampal pathway in vitro

In vitro tract tracing allowing for continuous observation of the perforant path is a crucial prerequisite for experimental studies on the entorhinal‐hippocampal interaction in an organotypic slice culture containing the entorhinal cortex, the perforant path, and the dentate gyrus (OEHSC). We prepared horizontal slices of the temporal entorhinal‐hippocampal region of the rat on a vibratome, and the perforant path axons were traced by application of the fluorescent tracer Mini Ruby on the entorhinal cortex. After 2 days in vitro (div), the perforant path became visible in most cultures. Entorhinal neurons and single perforant fibers could be followed to the outer molecular layers of the dentate gyrus by in vitro fluorescence microscopy and it was possible to monitor the perforant path directly over a period of 25 div. Moreover, ultrastructural analysis proved the existence of traced perforant path boutons forming synapses with spines and dendritic shafts in the outer molecular layers of the dentate gyrus. Transsection of the prelabelled perforant path in vitro resulted in anterograde degeneration and subsequent phagocytosis of axonal material by activated microglial cells in the zone of denervation. In conclusion, in vitro tracing demonstrates the maintenance of the entorhinal‐hippocampal pathway in OEHSCs and permits monitoring of dynamic changes in the prelabeled perforant path after various lesion paradigms, e.g., transsection or neurotoxin treatment. This approach permits further studies on the efficacy of neuroprotectants, cytokines, and growth factors in the treatment of lesion‐induced neuronal degeneration. Hippocampus 1998;8:57–68. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transient receptor potential melastatin 4 inhibitor 9‐phenanthrol abolishes arrhythmias induced by hypoxia and re‐oxygenation in mouse ventricle

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hypoxia and subsequent re‐oxygenation are associated with cardiac arrhythmias such as early afterdepolarizations (EADs), which may be partly explained by perturbations in cytosolic calcium concentration. Transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4), a calcium‐activated non‐selective cation channel, is functionally expressed in the heart. Based on its biophysical properties, it is likely to participate in EADs. Hence, modulators of TRPM4 activity may influence arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible anti‐arrhythmic effect of 9‐phenanthrol, a TRPM4 inhibitor in a murine heart model of hypoxia and re‐oxygenation‐induced EADs.
Human primary bone sarcomas contain CD133+ cancer stem cells displaying high tumorigenicity in vivo

This study aimed to identify, isolate, and characterize cancer stem cells from human primary sarcomas. We performed cytometric analyses for stemness and differentiation antigens, including CD29, CD34, CD44, CD90, CD117, and CD133, on 21 human primary sarcomas on the day of surgery. From sarcoma biopsies, we obtained 2 chondrosarcoma‐stabilized cell lines and 2 osteosarcoma stabilized cell lines, on which sphere formation, side population profile, stemness gene expression, and in vivo and in vitro assays were performed. All samples expressed the CD133, CD44, and CD29 markers. Therefore, we selected a CD133+ subpopulation from stabilized cell lines that displayed the capacity to grow as sarcospheres able to initiate and sustain tumor growth in nonobese diabetic/severe combined (NOD/SCID) mice, to express stemness genes, including OCT3/4, Nanog, Sox2, and Nestin, and to differentiate into mesenchymal lineages, such as osteoblasts and adipocytes. Our findings show the existence of cancer stem cells in human primary bone sarcomas and highlight CD133 as a pivotal marker for identification of these cells. This may be of primary importance in the development of new therapeutic strategies and new prognostic procedures against these highly aggressive and metastatic tumors. —Tirino, V. , Desiderio, V. , Paino, F. , De Rosa, A, Papaccio, F. , Fazioli, F. , Pirozzi, G. , Papaccio, G. Human primary bone sarcomas contain CD133+ cancer stem cells displaying high tumorigenicity in vivo. FASEB J. 25, 2022‐2030 (2011). www.fasebj. org
Interference-Free Inspection Path Generation for Impeller Blades Using an On-Machine Probe

Inspecting an impeller is a challenging task in manufacturing automation due to its free-form surface and overlapping and twisted blades. Existing inspection method by a Coordinate Measuring Machine is complex and time consuming, because of offline reclamping and manual operation. Automatic on-machine inspection without transferring and reclamping workpiece is a promising technique, and has found an extensive application in recent years. This paper proposes a novel method of interference-free inspection path generation for impeller blades using an on-machine probe. The accessibility cone is defined to search for the approach direction vectors of a probe cylinder, whereby the sizes of both cylinder rod and cylinder disk are considered. Then, the idea of area sweeping minimization is applied to construct an objective function from which required direction vectors of the probe cylinder in a smooth path are easily solved. The generated path can avoid the interference and collision between a moving probe cylinder with the overlapping blades, and guarantee stable speed and acceleration of the rotary motions of the five-axis machine tool. Its effectiveness is verified by the on-machine inspection experiments.
Protein Kinase C-induced Activation of a Ceramide/Protein Phosphatase 1 Pathway Leading to Dephosphorylation of p38 MAPK*

Recently we showed that, in human breast cancer cells, activation of protein kinase C by 4β-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) produced ceramide formed from the salvage pathway (Becker, K. P., Kitatani, K., Idkowiak-Baldys, J., Bielawski, J., and Hannun, Y. A. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280, 2606-2612). In this study, we investigated intracellular signaling events mediated by this novel activated pathway of ceramide generation. PMA treatment resulted in transient activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and p38) followed by dephosphorylation/inactivation. Interestingly, fumonisin B1 (FB1), an inhibitor of the salvage pathway, attenuated loss of phosphorylation of p38, suggesting a role for ceramide in p38 dephosphorylation. This was confirmed by knock-down of longevity-assurance homologue 5, which partially suppressed the formation of C16-ceramide induced by PMA and increased the phosphorylation of p38. These results demonstrate a role for the salvage pathway in feedback inhibition of p38. To determine which protein phosphatases act in this pathway, specific knock-down of serine/threonine protein phosphatases was performed, and it was observed that knock-down of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) catalytic subunits significantly increased p38 phosphorylation, suggesting activation of PP1 results in an inhibitory effect on p38. Moreover, PMA recruited PP1 catalytic subunits to mitochondria, and this was significantly suppressed by FB1. In addition, phospho-p38 resided in PMA-stimulated mitochondria. Upon PMA treatment, a mitochondria-enriched/purified fraction exhibited significant increases in C16-ceramide, a major ceramide specie, which was suppressed by FB1. Taken together, these data suggest that accumulation of C16-ceramide in mitochondria formed from the protein kinase C-dependent salvage pathway results at least in part from the action of longevity-assurance homologue 5, and the generated ceramide modulates the p38 cascade via PP1.