Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Le coeur d'une economie d'echange en information asymetrique

On a propose plusieurs concepts de coeur pour une economie d'echange en information asymetrique. Ces concepts, qui se fondent pour la plupart sur des mecanismes deterministes, se distinguent par l'information des coalitions au moment de negociation des contracts (es ante ou interim), l'information necessaire a l'execution de ces contracts (fine, prive ou brute) et la prise en compte eventuelle des contraintes d'incitations. Nous passons en revue et etudions un concept de coeur ex ante incitatif base sur des mecanismes aleatoires.
Implementing typed feature structure grammars

Much of the work in modern formal linguistics is concerned with giving mathematically precise accounts of human languages. Such work is particularly suited for research that involves language processing with computers. This book provides an introduction to one particularly popular approach, typed-feature structure formalisms. Implementing Typed Feature Structure Grammars includes informal (but rigorous) descriptions of typed-feature structure logic as well as formal definitions. The book covers the basics of grammar development by introducing different frameworks to the reader such as categorial grammar and Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, and demonstrates how these can be implemented. Semantic representation is also introduced. The book includes a CD of the LKB system software that allows the reader to experiment with various grammars and learn the details of the formalism. The CD is compatible with Windows, MacOS, Linux and Solaris, and includes a full user manual.
Spatial Unmasking of Speech Based on Near-Field Distance Cues

These days it is recognised that for bilateral hearing loss there is generally benefit in fitting two hearing aids, one for each ear (see Byrne, 1980 and Feuerstein, 1992 for clinical studies, see Byrne et al., 1992, Durlach et al., 1981, and Zurek, 1981 for laboratory studies). Bilateral fitting is now standard practice for children with bilateral loss and as of 2005 bilateral fittings account for approximately 75% of all fittings (Libby, 2007). Nonetheless, it is only within the last half-decade that it has become possible to transfer audio signals between bilaterally-fitted hearing aids (Moore, 2007). This is primarily attributed to the technological advances in integrated circuit design, longer lasting batteries and also wireless intercommunication between the two hearing aids, e.g., using near-field magnetic induction (NFMI) communication. The possibility to exchange audio signals between bilaterally-fitted aids opens the door to new types of binaural signal processing algorithms to assist hearingimpaired listeners separate sounds of interest from background noise. In this chapter, we consider whether or not the manipulation of near-field distance cues may provide a viable binaural signal processing algorithm for hearing aids. More specifically, this chapter describes three experiments that explore the spatial unmasking of speech based on nearfield distance cues. In a typical cocktail party setting, listeners are faced with the challenging task of extracting information by sifting through a mixture of multiple talkers overlapping in frequency and time. This challenge arises as a result of interference in the form of energetic masking, where sounds are rendered inaudible due to frequency overlap, and informational masking, where sounds from different sources are confused with one another (Bronkhorst, 2000; Brungart et al., 2001; Kidd et al., 2008). Despite this, listeners are reasonably adept at parsing complex mixtures and attending to separate auditory events. One factor that influences speech intelligibility in mixtures is perceived spatial location. Many studies have established that sounds originating from separate locations are easier to distinguish than sounds which are co-located (Hirsh, 1950; Bronkhorst and Plomp, 1988; Ebata, 2003). Separating sounds in space can result in an increase in the signal-tonoise ratio at one ear (the ‘better ear’). Moreover, sounds that are spatially separated give rise to differences in binaural cues (interaural time and level differences, ITDs/ILDs) that can improve audibility by reducing energetic masking (Durlach and Colburn, 1978;
Controlled Five-Bar Mechanism Optimization Based on Two-Stage Synthesis Method

This text has put forward the basic conception of visual angle, inside the track and outside the track. According to characteristic of controlled five-bar mechanism that can realize track of many points accurately, optimization model of controlled mechanism that can accurately realize track of many points was built. The method of generalized inverse based on windows solves optimal solution to displacement, speed, and acceleration of compensation movement and respond frequency as goal function. The instance calculating indicates that this method is practical and feasible.
Registration Method for CT-MR Image Based on Mutual Information

医药图象登记在许多医药应用程序是重要的。 登记方法基于 voxel 紧张的相互的信息的最大化是为 3-D 多形式的最流行的方法之一医药图象登记。 通常，优化过程容易在本地最大值被套住，导致错误的登记结果。 以便发现正确最佳，为大脑图象登记的一条新多决定途径基于规范的相互的信息被建议。 在这个方法，消除本地 optima 的效果，多尺度的小浪转变被采用提取图象边特征。 然后，特征图象被登记，并且在这水平的结果为原来的图象的登记作为起始的估计被拿。 三维的体积被用来测试算法。 登记策略建议了的试验性的结果表演是能到达 sub-voxel 精确性并且改进优化速度的一个柔韧、有效的方法。
Developing Telugu Speech Recognition System using Sphinx-4

Speech is the main communication medium in Human beings. Speech recognition has many applications. It can be used to automate many tasks that previously required hands-on human interaction. Many speech recognition systems have been proposed and developed. Sphinx4 is one such system developed in Java for recognizing English. In this paper how speech recognition is done is presented briefly and then sphinx4 architecture is explained. This paper aims at installing sphinx4 and testing it. Sphinx4 was used to develop applications for Telugu. This is done by identifying the language dependent areas of the sphinx4 and their interactions with other parts of the system and then modifying these areas so that it works for Telugu. Static Dictionary for Telugu words is developed rather than using online ‘lmtool’ of CMU. Sphinx4 was adapted to train and decode for recognizing isolated Telugu words. Continuing in a similar manner, a speech recognition system for Telugu can be developed.
Comment on "Performance of optimum transmitter power control in cellular radio systems"

In the original paper, it was conjectured that the system performance in the up-link and down-link in a cellular radio system under optimum transmitter power control should be statistically similar. In this comment we show that the achievable signal-to-interference ratios in the up- and down-links are, in fact, identical at every instant. >
Information source reliability method applied to MACE

The practice of incorporating Interbull sire evaluations into national evaluation systems has become common place. The reliability of the estimated Interbull breeding value is required to determine appropriate weighting for foreign information included in the national evaluation system. Too much weight is given to the foreign information when the MACE reliability is overestimated. Concerns relating to over-estimation of the MACE reliabilities have been documented by Jones (1997). The purpose of this study was to develop an approximate method for computing MACE reliability based on the information source (IS) method for calculating breeding value reliabilities (Harris and Johnson, 1998). The IS method was compared with actual reliabilities from the inverse of the MACE equations and the current Interbull approximation (CI) method (Schaeffer and Zhang, 1993).
Implications of the Partial Ring Design for a Clinical SPECT Insert

The INSERT system is a stationary SPECT insert designed for clinical SPECT/MRI. The system has been evaluated as a standalone SPECT scanner and here the image reconstruction is evaluated to determine the implications of its design. A two-step image acquisition can be implemented to overcome the limitations of the partial ring design. The image quality and activity linearity are evaluated through a set of point sources and vials of varying activity concentration. The evaluation highlighted areas where image reconstruction and data processing needed to improve before proceeding to simultaneous SPECT/MRI acquisitions. We have shown that the proposed dual acquisition method can produce improved image quality through the use of modified data acquisition and reconstruction protocols.
Talks in Maths: Visualizing Repetition in Text and the Fractal Nature of Lyrical Verse.

Using the techniques of Natural Language Processing (NLP), the repetition in the structure of lyrical verse (song lyrics and poetry) can be visualized by comparing the cosine similarity between each line in a given document. This visualization allows novel insight into the structure of repetition in lyrical verse, allows for the ability to see how this repetition can shape the structure of a poem or song, as well as providing a deeper understanding of how the repetition in lyrical works is generated. The key insight arrived at within this work, made clear through this visualization technique, is that the structure of dense repetition in lyrical verse is often fractal in nature. The fractal nature of song lyrics is explored and measured using the mass dimension. Ultimately this leads to a deep insight into the way fractals drive the aesthetic properties of poetry and song lyrics.
On metrics for comparing nondominated sets

Evolutionary multiobjective optimization (EMO) boasts a proliferation of algorithms and benchmark problems. We need principled ways to compare the performance of different EMO algorithms, but this is complicated by the fact that the result of an EMO run is not a single scalar value, but a collection of vectors forming a nondominated set. Various metrics for nondominated sets have been suggested. We compare several, using the framework of 'outperformance relations' (Hansen and Jaszkiewicz, 1998). This enables us to criticize and contrast a variety of published metrics, leading to some recommendations on which seem most useful in practice.
AN ANALYSIS OF TIME-SHARED COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Some of the aspects of the operation of time-shared, interactive computer systems are analyzed. The emphasis is on the reaction of hardware systems to the demands that its users make upon it. Simply shared systems and their users in order to be able to predict the performance of the two operating together. Portions of this problem include the specification and measurement of user characteristics, the development and verification of both simulation and mathematical models for time-shared systems, and the specification and measurement of performance metrics for such systems. The user and some of the performance measurements were made on Project MAC''s "Compatible Time-Sharing System" (CTSS). First, simulation models are used to study the effects of changing small details in the operation of CTS-like systems. Then, a continuous-time Markov process model is derived to predict the performance of a broad class of systems. Throughout, the CTSS data are used as a basis for comparison with model predictions. In order to be able to take measurements and to build models, many definitions of commonly used time-shared system terminology are made precise.
A comparison between cellular encoding and direct encoding for genetic neural networks

This paper compares the efficiency of two encoding schemes for Artificial Neural Networks optimized by evolutionary algorithms. Direct Encoding encodes the weights for an a priori fixed neural network architecture. Cellular Encoding encodes both weights and the architecture of the neural network. In previous studies, Direct Encoding and Cellular Encoding have been used to create neural networks for balancing 1 and 2 poles attached to a cart on a fixed track. The poles are balanced by a controller that pushes the cart to the left or the right. In some cases velocity information about the pole and cart is provided as an input; in other cases the network must learn to balance a single pole without velocity information. A careful study of the behavior of these systems suggests that it is possible to balance a single pole with velocity information as an input and without learning to compute the velocity. A new fitness function is introduced that forces the neural network to compute the velocity. By using this new fitness function and tuning the syntactic constraints used with cellular encoding, we achieve a tenfold speedup over our previous study and solve a more difficult problem: balancing two poles when no information about the velocity is provided as input.
Modeling of electro-mechanics of human cardiac myocytes: parameterization with numerical minimization techniques

Knowledge of cardiac electro-mechanical phenomena can be achieved by mathematical modeling and numerical simulation. Topic of the work is the assembly and parameterization of an electro-mechanical model of human cardiac myocytes. The model integrates an electrophysiological and a tension development model. This integration and additional adaptation to studies of human myocardium necessitated re-parameterization of several components, which was performed applying different numerical optimization techniques. Results and characteristics of the parameterization are illustrated by numerical experiments. Simulations with the electro-mechanical model show characteristic shapes of the courses of transmembrane voltage, concentration of intracellular calcium, and developed tension.
A Feedback Control Scheme for Distributed Energy System Used Waste Incinerator

Focusing on the control problem for a waste incinerator as a benchmark system, this paper chanllenges to keep stable combustion by developing temperature regulation schemes. We propose a control scheme to maintain the temperatures inside the combustion chamber and the furnace at the target temperatures. First, characteristics and transient behaviors of the incinerator are analyzed. Then, based on the analytical model, the linear control laws are developed to achieve the local stabilization of the system. Finally, experiments are conducted on the benchmark of the combustion furnace, and simulation and experimental validations are demonstrated.
Comparative analysis of variable speed wind energy conversion systems

The modelling of PWM Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) for wind turbine application is used for improving the power quality of the grid and it is more attractive in comparison to the PWM Synchronous and PWM-Induction generator with a variety of reasons. While the technology of PWM-Synchronous (PWM-SYN) and PWM-induction (PWM-IND) generator is used for constant speed of wind velocity, more recently, the variable wind speed induction generator was introduced. Doubly Fed Induction Generator is used for wind energy conversion . This allows the operation of the turbine at variable wind speed enhancing the conversion system. This paper gives an overview of the simulation results for comparing the DFIG with the PWM based induction and synchronous machine. Doubly Fed Induction machines uses AC-AC converter in the rotor circuit which is the best option for high power applications with limited speed ranges. The power converter rated only to handle the rotor power. It allows the power output in both stator winding and rotor winding of an induction machine with a wound rotor winding to yield good power factor even the machine is running at speed different from synchronous speed.
Fractal dimension of surface EMG and its determinants

The fractal dimension (FD) has been proposed as a useful measure for the characterization of EMG interference patterns. This paper studies the relationship between the FD and the properties of EMG signals, such as recruitment number, firing rate and motor unit action potentials (MUAPs). The study is based on simulated surface EMG signals from a volume conductor computation. The FD is calculated by a box counting algorithm. It is shown that recruitment is the main determinant of the FD. A sensitive region and a saturation region are proposed to distinguish the two parts of the overall FD-recruitment relationship. The FD increases steeply as the recruitment number increases in the sensitive region, and it reaches a plateau in the saturation region. The FD-recruitment relationship is found to be strongly affected by the firing rate and the MUAP duration, but not by MUAP amplitude variations. The effects of the firing rate mainly lie in the sensitive region. However, the influence of duration is manifested in the saturation region. By understanding the effects of the physiological properties of the surface EMG, we hope that it can benefit the application of fractal analysis to EMG, in such areas as neuromuscular disorder diagnosis, muscle fatigue monitoring, etc.
Analysing and Processing of Geotagged Social Media

The use of location based data analysing tools is a n important part of geomarketing strategies among entrepreneurs. One of the key elem ents of interest is social media data shared by the users. This data is analysed both for its content and its location information, the results help to identify trends re presented in the researched regions. In order to verify the possibilities of analysing a nd processing of geotagged social media data, application programming interfaces (API s) of social networks were examined for their ability to generate reports from the collected data. The first results of using the system have indicate d the possibility of collecting and analysing information generated by Twitter users in real time. Trends and geographical distribution in time can be observed. Further resea rch showed that comparing results and further processing was possible.
A new framework of neural network for nonlinear system modeling

In this paper, a new modeling framework of neural network for nonlinear system is proposed. We point out problems in modeling systems with traditional neural networks, that is, difficulty for analyzing internal representation, no reproducibility in system modeling (approximation), and no assumption about system property. Based on these considerations, we suggest three main improvements. The first is design of a nonlinear output function. The second is a deterministic scheme for weight initialization. The third is an updating rule for weight parameter. Simulation results show beneficial characteristics of our proposed method.
Collapse and revival of "Schrodinger cat" states

We study the dynamics of the Jaynes–Cummings model for two two-level systems (or qubits) interacting with a quantized single mode electromagnetic cavity (or quantum bus), extending this to the macroscopic case of an array of Nq qubits. For an initial cavity coherent state |α⟩ and the qubit system in a specified “basin of attraction” in its Hilbert space, we demonstrate the oscillation of a superposition of two macroscopic quantum states between the qubit system and the field mode. From the perspective of either the qubit or the field system, there is collapse and revival of a “Schrodinger cat” state.
Revistas de moda y belleza:El contenido al servicio de la forma bella

Fashion and beauty magazines are among the few mass media written by, for, and about women. They also focus on contents traditionally considered of concern to women and portray ideals of beauty and femininity. Approximately 27% of the pages of a typical fashion and beauty magazine consist of full-page advertisements. The following article will analyze the idea of women and of femininity that these publications convey in their articles and in the publicity they advertise. Palabras clave: Revistas de alta gama, Feminidad, Belleza, Publicidad, Representacion femenina.
Estimating Physical/Mental Health Condition Using Heart Rate Data from a Wearable Device

We propose an estimation method of subjects' physical/mental health condition from their heart rate (HR) and evaluate it on the newly collected data including 25 million points over 97 participants. The accurate health condition estimation is important for an employee's mental health care and an objective understanding of our condition. For the estimation, the heart rate variability (HRV) has been widely used, but there are some technical difficulties with measuring the HRV, such as maintaining a good quality of data for a long period of time. Here, we predict the subjects' physical/mental health only from the HR measured by Fitbit instead of the HRV. We first measured more than 25 million points of HR and steps data from 97 participants over 3 months using the Fitbit Inspire HRTM. We also conducted questionnaires to check their physical conditions each day. We then predict their condition by focusing on the inactive period of HR and applying the support vector machine to the preprocessed data. The best balanced accuracy of our method achieved 0.582, which was higher than the state-of-the-art method with HRV whose accuracy is 0.565.
De effectiviteit van huidbescherimgsmiddelen bij het werken met bestrijdingsmiddelen in de glastuinbouw [Effectiveness of personal protective equipment for skin protection while working with pesticides in greenhouses]

In veel gevallen is het gebruik van semi-permeabele kleding en nitrilrubber handschoenen handschoenen een goede compromis tussen bescherming en comfort bij het toepassen van bestrijdingsmiddelen in de glastuinbouw. In de land- en tuinbouw worden diverse bestrijdingsmiddelen gebruikt die de gezondheid van de personen die met deze stoffen omgaan kunnen beinvloeden. Ter preventie van een mogelijke gezondheidsschade van deze personen, is in diverse situaties het gebruik van persoonlijke beschermingsmiddelen noodzakelijk. Dit heeft geleid tot een TNO-onderzoekprogramma dat een antwoord geeft op de volgende vragen: Welk type beschermingsmiddel van welk materiaal dient te worden gebruikt bij welke werkzaamheden voor verschillende groepen (op toxicologische en chemische gronden) van bestrijdingsmiddelen? Hoe lang geven de beschermingsmiddelen bescherming en, wanneer dient tot vervanging of, waar dat mogelijk is, tot reiniging te worden overgegaan? Hoe gebruik(er)svriendelijk zijn de beschermingsmiddelen? De conclusie van het rapport is dat het in veel gevallen mogelijk is om op een comfortabele wijze een redelijke mate van bescherming te bereiken door het dragen van kledingconfiguraties gericht op huidbescherming. Het blijkt dat niet-permeabele materialen (zoals de nitrilrubberen handschoenen, het regenpak en dergelijke) de beste bescherming biedt.
A general theory of discrimination learning

Author(s): Langley, Pat | Abstract: One important component of learning is the ability to determine the correct conditions under which a rule should be applied. We review a number of systems that discover relevant conditions through a generalization process, and discuss some drawbacks of this approach. We then review an alternative approach to learning through discrimination, in which overly general rules are made more conservative when they lead to errors. Unlike generalization-based programs, a discrimination-based system is able to learn disjunctive rules, discover regularities in errorful data, recover from changes in the environment, and learn useful rules despite incomplete representations. We show how our theory of discrimination learning can be applied to the domains of concept attainment, strategy learning, first language acquisition, and cognitive development. Finally, we evaluate the theory along the dimensions of simplicity, generality, and fertility.