Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parental accommodation of symptoms in adolescents with chronic pain

Chronic pain in adolescents can be highly impairing. Parental reactions to their child’s pain are important factors influencing pain perception and pain-related impairment in children and adolescents. The present study aimed to examine parental accommodation of pain symptoms using the Inventory of Parent Accommodations of Children’s Symptoms (IPACS) to provide empirical support for the utility of this measure in parents of adolescents with chronic pain. We examined the prevalence, nature, and correlates of accommodation behaviors in 66 adolescents with chronic pain and their parents using the IPACS. All parents reported some level of accommodation of their child’s pain symptoms. After controlling for pain severity, parental accommodation was associated with functional impairment. In addition, parental accommodation mediated the link between parental catastrophizing reactions to pain and child impairment and between child anxiety and depressive symptoms and child impairment. The IPACS appears to be a useful measure of parental accommodation of pain. Parental accommodation should be included as an intervention target when necessary. It is important to educate families about the negative consequences that can be related to excessive accommodation of pain symptoms and to provide effective resources to manage the impact of chronic pain and replace accommodation with more adaptive pain coping strategies.
Genetic risk for Alzheimer disease in children: Evidence from early‐life IQ and brain white‐matter microstructure

It remains unclear whether the genetic risk for late‐onset Alzheimer disease (AD) is linked to premorbid individual differences in general cognitive ability and brain structure. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the genetic risk of late‐onset AD is related to premorbid individual differences in intelligence quotient (IQ) and characteristics of the cerebral white‐matter in children. The study sample included children of the Generation R Study from Rotterdam, The Netherlands. IQ was measured using a well‐validated Dutch nonverbal IQ test (n = 1908) at ages 5 to 9 years. White‐matter microstructure was assessed by measuring fractional anisotropy (FA) of white‐matter tracts using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) (n = 919) at ages 9 to 12 years. Genetic risk was quantified using three biologically defined genetic risk scores (GRSs) hypothesized to be related to the pathophysiology of late‐onset AD: immune response, cholesterol/lipid metabolism and endocytosis. Higher genetic risk for late‐onset AD that included genes associated with immune responsivity had a negative influence on cognition and cerebral white‐matter microstructure. For each unit increase in the immune response GRS, IQ decreased by 0.259 SD (95% CI [−0.500, −0.017]). For each unit increase in the immune response GRS, global FA decreased by 0.373 SD (95% CI [−0.721, −0.026]). Neither cholesterol/lipid metabolism nor endocytosis GRSs were associated with IQ or cerebral white‐matter microstructure. Our findings suggest that elevated genetic risk for late‐onset AD may in part be manifest during childhood neurodevelopment through alterations in immune responsivity.
Managing a School Project in a South African Context: Who is Really in Charge?

Abstract The purpose was to explore who really was in charge of managing school projects in the South African context. Participants were 65 in all comprising 13 principals, 13 teachers and 39 parents who were school governing body members. There were 31 women and 34 men whose ages ranged between 21 years and 55 years (M = 35.4; SD = 9.6). Participants indicated their views about school projects on a Likert type scale. Validity and reliability of scores from the scale are reported. Results indicated that three subscales emerged, where participants saw the school principal as a project organiser; a project leader; and a project time manager. Further, in spite of the powers given by governmental authority, governing body members felt that principals should be project leaders within schools. It is recommended that further studies should be conducted to determine the efficacy of the questionnaire used here in other contexts and samples.
Effects of Low Temperature Treatment of Imbibed Seeds of Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn. on Their Germination and Subsequent Bolting

Research was conducted to determine the effects of various temperatures, their duration, and lighting conditions for imbibed seeds on germination and bolting of Eustoma cultivars. After imbibed seeds of 'Tenryuwhite' were kept for 0, 1, 3 and 5 weeks at 11°C in the dark or light and brought to 30/20°C (day/night), their germination rate increased with low temperature treatments for 3 or 5 weeks compared to the control (with a 50% germination rate). The highest germination rate was 64.9% for the 5-week treatment at 11°C in the dark or light, and then brought to 30/25°C, the respective bolting rate of 'Asukanoasa' and 'Asukanosakura' control plants were 12.5% and 0%. Low temperature treatments for imbibed seeds accelerated bolting of both cultivars. The maximum bolting rate was 100% for 'Asukanoasa' after a 5-week treatment in the dark or 3 weeks in the light, and 85.7% for 'Asukanosakura' for a 5-week treatment in the dark. When imbibed seeds of 'Asukanosakura' were exposed to 2.5, 5, 10, 15°C for 0, 3, 5, 7 weeks, all those kept at 10°C for 5 weeks bolted and flowered, whereas no control plants responded. Hence, the flowering rate of Eustoma seedlings is affected both temperature and its duration.
Covid-19: Trump says added deaths are necessary price for reopening US businesses

A rise in mortality is a price worth paying to restart the US economy, President Trump has said, as many states flout advice from scientists and reopen beaches, cinemas, or hair salons while new coronavirus infections are still widespread. Asked whether deaths would rise as states reopened their economies, the president said, “Hopefully that won’t be the case. It could very well be the case. ” “I’m not saying anything is perfect,” Trump said while touring a mask factory in Phoenix, Arizona, on 6 May. “Will some people be affected? Yes. Will some people be affected badly? Yes. But we have to get our country open, and we have to get it open soon. ” Wearing no mask as he toured the factory, …
Novel Antibodies Targeting MUC1-C Showed Anti-Metastasis and Growth-Inhibitory Effects on Human Breast Cancer Cells

Mucin1 (MUC1) is aberrantly glycosylated and overexpressed in various cancers, and it plays a crucial role in cancerogenesis. MUC1 is a type I membranous protein composed of α and β subunits. MUC1-α can be cleaved in cancers, exposing MUC1-β (MUC1-C). MUC1-C is involved with multiple cancer cellular functions, which makes it an attractive target for cancer treatment. However, its multifunctional mechanisms have not been fully elucidated and there has not been a successful therapeutic development against MUC1-C. Through a phage display process, we isolated the specific antibodies for the extracellular domain of MUC1-C. The relevant full IgG antibodies were produced successfully from mammalian cells and validated for their MUC1-C specificities through ELISA, dual FACS analysis, BLI assay, and confocal image analysis. In the comparison with reference antibody, elected antibodies showed characteristic bindings on target antigens. In the functionality assessment of high-ranking antibodies, SKM1-02, -13, and -20 antibodies highly inhibited invasion by triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and the SKM1-02 showed strong growth inhibition of cancer cells. Our results showed that these MUC1-C specific antibodies will be important tools for the understanding of MUC1 oncogenesis and are also highly effective therapeutic candidates against human breast cancers, especially TNBC cells.
Does cartilage loss cause pain in osteoarthritis and if so, how much?

Objectives Although treatment development in osteoarthritis (OA) focuses on chondroprotection, it is unclear how much preventing cartilage loss reduces joint pain. It is also unclear how nociceptive tissues may be involved. Methods Using data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative, we quantified the relation between cartilage loss and worsening knee pain after adjusting for bone marrow lesions (BMLs) and synovitis, and examined how much these factors mediated this association. 600 knee MRIs were scored at baseline, 12 months and 24 months for quantitative and semiquantitative measures of OA structural features. We focused on change in medial cartilage thickness using an amount similar to that seen in recent trials. Linear models calculated mean change in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score with cartilage loss, adjusted for baseline BMLs, synovitis and covariates. Mediation analysis tested whether change in synovitis or BMLs mediated the cartilage loss–pain association. We carried out a subanalysis for knees with non-zero baseline WOMAC pain scores and another for non-valgus knees. Results Cartilage thickness loss was significantly associated with a small degree of worsening in pain over 24 months. For example, a loss of 0.1 mm of cartilage thickness over 2 years was associated with a 0.32 increase in WOMAC pain (scale 0–20). The association of cartilage thickness loss with pain was mediated by synovitis change but not by BML change. Subanalysis results were similar. Conclusions Cartilage thickness loss is associated with only a small amount of worsening knee pain, an association mediated in part by worsening synovitis. Demonstrating that chondroprotection reduces knee pain will be extremely challenging and is perhaps unachievable.
A re-evaluation of the genera Beckerella and Ptilophora (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) based on molecular and morphological data

Abstract Because the merger of the genera Prilophora and Beckerella (Gelidiales, Rhodophyceae) into the single genus Ptilophora has not been universally accepted, we have reassessed this proposal using both molecular and morphological data. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences for rbcL and large-subunit ribosomal DNA from 36 and 24 species of Gelidiales, respectively, place species of Beckerella and Ptilophora in a single, strongly supported clade. Morphological observations of vegetative structure in both genera confirm a morphological synapomorphy characterized by four concentric layers of different tissue types. Results of DNA sequence analyses indicate that Beckerella is paraphyletic with respect to Ptilophora, and constraining species of Beckerella and Prilophora to form separate monophyletic clades required a large (10.2%) penalty to parsimony. Absence of surface proliferations has traditionally been the morphological character-state difference used to separate species of Beckerella from Ptilophora, but we have found such proliferations in four species of Beckerella, including the generitype B. pinnatifida. These results support the congeneric status of Beckerella with the earlier-described Ptilophora.
An approximation to the phylogeny of Sclerotinia and related genera

Phylogenies are constructed based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequences from an ingroup consisting of 50 isolates representing 24 species of the discomycete family Sclerotiniaceae and an outgroup consisting of five related taxa of the same family. The ingroup taxa are: three Botrytis spp. , two Botryotinia spp. , one Ciborinia sp. , one Dumontinia sp. , one Grovesinia sp. , six Myriosclerotinia spp. , nine Sclerotinia spp. and one Sclerotium sp. The outgroup taxa are: one Ciboria sp. , one Encoelia sp. and three Monilinia spp. The type species is included for all taxa except for Ciborinia and Encoelia. Several of the included taxa are important plant pathogens. The resulting phytogenies are discussed with regard to morphology, life history and taxonomy. A suspected relationship between Sclerotinia borealis and S. tetraspora, and Myriosclerotinia is rejected, while a suspected relationship between Ciborinia ciborium and Myriosclerotinia is strongly supported. Sclerotinia ulmariae, previously synonymized with Dumontinia tuberosa, is reinstated as an independent species of Dumontinia. Two new combinations, Dumontinia ulmariae and Myriosclerotinia ciborium, are proposed. The imperfectly known taxon Sclerotium cepivorum seems most closely related to Dumontinia. We conclude that Dumontinia, and Myriosclerotinia, as currently conceived, are monophyletic, and that Botryotinia along with Botrytis anamorphs probably also constitute a monophyletic lineage. The genus Sclerotinia is probably polyphyletic and characterized by symplesiomorphies rather than synapomorphies. Two putatively new taxa, Sclerotinia sp. 1, and Sclerotinia sp.2 are most closely related to S. minor, S. sclerotiorum and S. trifoliorum, and to S. borealis, respectively.
Quelques Particularités Structurales de Cyanophora paradoxa Korsch., Protozoaire Flagellé

SYNOPSIS. An electronmicroscopic study of Cyanophora paradoxa shows that its cuticle, vestibule, flagellar canals, and chondriome differ from those of Cryptomonadina. The flat cortical vesicles, peripheral tubules, as well as flagellar canals, which are surrounded by tubules, the anterior opening into an oblique depression and the posterior into a ventral groove, are more characteristic of Dinoflagellida. It is evident thus that, following Chadefaud, Cyanophora ought to be classified with primitive Dinoflagellida. Certain cytologic characteristics, especially the structure of the transitional zone (of the flagella), lead us to believe that Glaucocystis nostochinearum also belongs in this group.
An Alternative Method for the Determination of Some of the Antioxidant Phenolics in Varietal Turkish Red Wines

J. Inst. Brew. 114(3), 239–245, 2008 The concentration of eight biologically important phenolic compounds (p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, trans-resveratrol, quercetin, (+)- catechin and (-)- epicatechin) of red wines produced on a pilot plant scale were determined using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection in the selective ion monitoring mode (GC/MS-SIM). The procedure involved an easy fractionation and liquid-liquid extraction method. For derivatization, BSA [N,O-bis-trimethylsilyl acetamide] / TMCS was used. The results showed that the p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, trans-resveratrol, quercetin, (+)- catechin and (-)-epicatechin levels in the wine samples ranged between 2.05 and 4.21 mg/L; 21.78 and 60.83 mg/L; 0.33 and 0.82 mg/L; 1.50 and 4.06 mg/L; 0.96 and 3.93 mg/L; 2.66 and 3.14 mg/L; 8.72 and 11.30 mg/L; 5.50 and 9.58 mg/L, respectively. Although the quercetin and trans-resveratrol levels of Turkish red wines were similar to previously reported values, (+)- catechin and (-)- epicatechin levels were lower than the values of red wines originating from other countries.
Morphology of the worker digestive tube of the soil-feeding nasute termites (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae ) from the neotropical region

The morphology of the parts and the configuration in situ of the worker digestibe tube of the 8 soilfeeding genera with nasute solidiers from the Neotropical Region are studied. All genera showed a reduced or incomplete gizzard armature, a tubular first proctodeal segment terminating in the left half of the abdomen, an enteric valve armature with trilateral symmetry and often with strong spines, a paunch of two large sections separated by a constriction, and a long colon. In addition, a mixed segment at the mesenteron-proctodeal junction is absent in Convexitermes, Atlantitermes, Araujotermes, Coatitermes, Subulitermes and Agnathotermes, and present in Cyranotermes and Angularitermes, the latter having also a gizzard armature stronger than usual in the soilfeeding nasutes. The coiling of the gut and the morphology of some gut parts provide a good means for the identification of undissected workers of all genera.
Phylogenetic analysis of the Malacostraca (Crustacea)

The Malacostraca comprises about 28 000 species with a broad disparity in morphology, anatomy, embryology, behaviour and ecology. The phylogenetic relationships of the major taxa are still under debate. Is the Leptostraca the sister group of the remaining Malacostraca, or is this taxon more closely related to other Crustacea? Does the Stomatopoda or the Bathynellacea represent the most basal taxon within the remaining taxa? Is the Peracarida monophyletic or are some peracarid taxa more closely related to other ‘caridoid’ taxa? Is the Thermosbaenacea part of the Peracarida or its sister group, and how much support is there for a taxon Amphipoda + Isopoda? To answer these questions a phylogenetic analysis of the Malacostraca combining different phylogenetic approaches was undertaken. In a first step, the monophyly of the Malacostraca including the Leptostraca is shown using the ‘Hennigian approach’. A computer cladistic analysis of the Malacostraca was carried out with NONA and PEE-WEE, based on 93 characters from morphology, anatomy and embryology. Nineteen higher malacostracan taxa are included in our analysis. Taxa whose representatives are exclusively fossils were not included. The Leptostraca was used as an operational out-group. The present analysis supports the basal position of the Stomatopoda. Syncarida and Peracarida (including Thermosbaenacea) are supported as monophyletic, the Eucarida is not. Instead a sister-group relationship is suggested between Euphausiacea and Peracarida (including Thermosbaenacea), with the Syncarida as the sister group to both taxa. Certain embryonic characters are interpreted as support for the monophyly of the Peracarida (without Thermosbaenacea) because convergences or reversals of these characters seem implausible. Within the Peracarida, the Mysidacea (Lophogastrida + Mysida) represents the sister group to the remaining taxa. A sister-group relationship between Amphipoda and Isopoda is not supported.
PAM FLUORESCENCE: A BEGINNERS GUIDE FOR BENTHIC DIATOMISTS

Chlorophyll a fluorescence techniques have increasingly been applied in and ex situ for the study of microphytobenthic ecology and photophysiology. Fluorescence measurements have gained popularity, as they can be made rapidly, non-intrusively and, because of the portable nature of many fluorimeters, in situ. However, there is a paucity of literature for those new to the technique and most scientific papers assume a degree of prior knowledge. This paper provides a basic introduction for fluorescence techniques, particularly for benthic diatomists, explaining complex photophysiological theory in a simplified manner to allow inexperienced workers to interpret their data and understand fluorescence-based scientific papers. The commercially available fluorimeters and their specific applications are discussed. Fluorescence parameters can be used to provide information on the biomass, “health” and primary productivity of microphytobenthic biofilms. However, benthic biofilms offer their own challenges for photophysiologists, with the sedimentary environment complicating measurements as well as the ability of microphytobenthic taxa, such as diatoms, to migrate as fluorescence measurements are being made. Therefore, the paper ends by discussing some of the inherent problems and limitations of using fluorescence, presenting a constructively critical overview of these techniques so that the reader can make informed decisions about the validity of their data and be aware of many potential pitfalls.
Lethal and sublethal effects of spiromesifen, spirotetramat and spirodiclofen on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Lethal and sublethal effects of spirotetramat, spiromesifen and spirodiclofen were assessed on Tetranychus urticae Koch. Leaf disc bioassay was used in all experiments. In this study, toxicity of these compounds was tested on T. urticae eggs and adults. Ovicidal activity was observed in all of the compounds tested, but only spirodiclofen was considerably effective against adult mites. Up to 24 h-old adult females were placed on leaf discs treated with sublethal concentrations (LC10 or LC25). Twenty-four hours after exposure to treated discs, 20 females showing no visible symptoms of poisoning were transferred to untreated leaf discs. The leaf discs were changed daily for up to five days. The number of eggs laid during this period was recorded. The survival rate, total number of laid eggs per female and egg hatching rate were calculated. All above-mentioned parameters were slightly lower in treated females compared with controls.
Epigeous macrofungal succession in the first five years following a wildfire in karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor) regrowth forest in Western Australia

Following a wildfire in 17-25-year-old regrowth karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor) forest in the southwest of Western Australia, plots were established in burnt and similarly aged unburnt forest to monitor the fruiting of macrofungi. Thirty-six plots on 10 sites (five burnt, five unburnt) were surveyed over a 5-year period. Plots were surveyed every 2 weeks in the macrofungal fruiting season (April to October) and monthly for the remainder of each year. A total of 332 species were recorded. Fire did not impact significantly on mean species richness. However, a distinct mycoflora was recorded on burnt sites, and species composition on burnt sites changed substantially for each year following the fire and after 5 years was still different from that on unburnt sites. Nineteen percent of species recorded were regarded as being present as a direct result of the fire. The study also demonstrated the variable nature of macrofungal sporophore production in the absence of disturbance and the importance of regular sampling. Five distinct succession groups of post-fire fungi were recognized. The adaptive traits of post-fire fungi in relation to fire and the management of fire for macrofungal diversity are discussed.
Will Livestock Intensification Help Save Latin America's Tropical Forests?

ABSTRACT Researchers have long argued that improved livestock technologies and intensification will reduce the pressure on Latin America's forests. This article combines economic theory with insights from seven case studies to examine under what conditions technological change will reduce (or increase) forest clearing. In many contexts improved technologies—by making cattle production more profitable—will result in more forest being converted to pasture. Silvopastoral systems and other labor-intensive practices can restrain pasture expansion, at least in the short-run. Unfortunately, in most cases ranchers will only be willing to adopt such land-saving practices when land has become scarce and most of the forest is gone.
The Allergen Der p1 Induces NF-kB Activation through Interference with IkBα Function in Asthmatic Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways due to an interaction between genetic and environmental factors, and allergy represents the most important predisposing trait. Here, we investigated why and how the allergen most often implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and other allergic diseases causes the expression of the genes for proinflammatory cytokines in airway epithelium. We found that Der p1 promotes activation of transcriptional factor NF-kB by interference with the function of its cytoplasmic inhibitor IkBα. This is the first report on the effect of an allergen on transcriptional factors. Our results improve the understanding of the mechanisms involved in allergic diseases and suggest potential therapeutic utility of NF-kB blockers.