Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Guessing the Riddle of a Black Hole

A static structure of matter, extremely compressed to the state of a Bose–Einstein condensate by its own gravitational field, is considered. Instead of the widely spread restriction detgik<0, I used a weaker condition of regularity: all invariants of gik are finite. This makes it possible to find regular static solutions to Einstein equations for a spherically symmetric distribution of matter with no restriction on total mass. In these regular static solutions, the metric component grr changes its sign twice: grr(r)=0 at r=rg and at r=rh>rg. The signature of the metric tensor is changed to (+,+,−,−) within the spherical layer rg<r<rh. Though the gravitation dominates at extremely high density, I assume that it does not violate the exchange interaction of elementary particles of the Standard Model. The found regular static solution to Einstein equations, having no limitation on mass, pretends to describe the state of a black hole to which the gravitational collapse leads. The features of a collapsed black hole, its internal composition depending on total mass and the relation with surrounding dark matter, are considered. An astrophysical application: The pressure balance at the interface between a black hole and dark matter determines the plateau velocity of a galaxy rotation curve as a function of the black hole mass. The plateau velocity is inversely proportional to the black hole mass. The speed of rotation of a star at the periphery of a galaxy is proportional to the square root of the black hole mass (direct attraction to the center) and inversely proportional to the mass of the same black hole (as the influence of dark matter). For a condensate of massive bosons in the Standard Model, the direct attraction to the black hole and the influence of dark matter are equal if the black hole mass is about M˜ ∼ 4.24×1037 g. In galaxies with black hole masses M≳M⊙=1.989×1033 g (like UMa: NGC 3726 and UMa: NGC 3769 of the Ursa Major cluster), the motion of stars is driven by dark matter. Their rotation curves should have a well-defined plateau. On the contrary, in galaxies with black hole masses M>>M˜ (like in our Milky Way with the black hole mass M=8.6×1039 g), the motion of stars is regulated by the black hole in the center. Dark matter does not play a significant role in our Milky Way Galaxy.
Phosphatase Sequencing of Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia Reveals a Novel Mutation in the Phosphatase Gene PTPN4

It has been well established that dysregulated activation of kinases is essential for the development of acute myeloid leukemia(AML). In contrast, little is known about the role of their dephosphorylation counterparts, the tyrosine phosphatases. Here we performed whole tyrosine phosphatome sequencing in 15 pediatric AML samples and found a somatic P394L mutation in the FERM-adjacent region of PTPN4. In the absence of a crystal structure of PTPN4, bioinformatics analysis with the software tool PROVEAN (Protein Variation Effect Analyzer) revealed that this P394L mutation is expected to inﬂict a deleterious effect on the phosphatase activity of PTNP4. Exploring the frequency of this PTPN4 mutation in 227 acute leukemia samples uncovered an additional silent A364A mutation in exon 13 of PTPN4. No additional mutations were found, which further emphasizes the low mutation burden in pediatric AML. Further functional studies are warranted to explore the actual impact of this P394L mutation on the structure and/or function of PTPN4.
Distal feeding–bowel stimulation to treat short-term or long-term pathology: a systematic review

Background Distal feeding (DF) describes the insertion of a feeding tube into a fistula or stoma to administer a liquid feed into the distal bowel. It is currently used clinically in patients who are unable to absorb enough nutrition orally. This systematic review investigates DF as a therapeutic measure across a spectrum of patients with stomas and fistulae. Methods A total of 2825 abstracts and 44 full-text articles were screened via OVID. Fifteen papers were included for analysis. Randomised controlled trials, cohort and observational studies investigating DF as a therapeutic measure were included. Results Three feeds were used across the studies—reinfusion of effluent, infusion of prebiotic or a mixture. The studies varied the length of feeding between 24 hours and 61 days, and the mode of feeding, bolus or continuous varied. DF was demonstrated to effectively wean patients from parenteral nutrition in two papers. Two papers demonstrated a significant reduction in stoma output. Three papers demonstrated improved postoperative complication rates with distal feeding regimens, including ileus (2.85% vs 20% in unfed population, p=0.024). One paper demonstrated a reduction in postoperative stool frequency. Conclusions This review was limited by study heterogeneity and the lack of trial data, and in the patient groups involved, the variability in diet and length of regimen. These studies suggest that DF can significantly reduce stoma output and improve renal and liver function; however, the mechanism is not clear. Further mechanistic work on the immunological and microbiological action of DF would be important.
An Assessment of the Seasonal Rainfall and Its Societal Implications in Zanzibar Islands during the Season of October to December, 2019

The assessment of the performance of the October to December (OND), 2019 rainfall season in Zanzibar (Unguja and Pemba) with reference to local downscaled Tanzania Meteorological Authority (TMA) forecast, and regional (Intergovernmental Authority on Development Climate Prediction and Application Center (IGAD-ICPAC) weather forecasts were assessed by comparing the long term average of OND rainfall data and previous OND rainfall seasons of 2016, 2017 and 2018 as well as extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) during OND seasons of 1961, 1994, 1997, 2006 and 2019 for Zanzibar. The study assessed zonal (u) and meridional (v) winds at 850 and 200 mb, monthly and dekadal sea surface temperature (SST); the Madden Julien Oscillations (MJO) forecast reports and the ocean heat content data. Both gridded and observed datasets were processed into dekadal, monthly and seasonal averages and then analysed. The results revealed that, based on the observations, above normal rainfall of 936 and 908 mm were reported at stations of Kisauni (Unguja) and Karume airport (Pemba) during 2019 OND season. This amount was the first and second ever recorded for the extreme positive IOD during OND seasons of 1961, 1994, 1997, 2006 and 2019, and also the first for the previous higher OND rainfall seasons of 2016, 2017 and 2018 which was highly variable. Moreover, these values were second ever-recorded highest OND rainfall since 1916 to 2019 where the first one was observed in 1961. Furthermore, the results revealed that 2019 OND seasonal rainfall had the highest amount of contribution based on historical climatology. For instance, the 2019 OND rainfall for Kisauni, Pemba airport and Matangatuani contributed to 198%, 303% and 231% of the long term (1987-2016) mean OND rainfall in Zanzibar. Indeed, the results show that the presence of the MJO during OND and the enhanced positive IOD was among the causes for the observed wetness of the 2019 OND in Zanzibar and most parts of the country. Moreover, the dominant easterly, southeasterly and northwesterly onshore winds during 2019 OND also contributed to heavy rainfall. The monthly rainfall variability among stations had the highest amount of rainfall which ranges from 400 to 500 mm which was observed during October in Kisauni and Karume airport, while the lowest amount ranging from 150 to 180 mm was observed during November in Matangatuani and the surrounding stations. Based on the comparison of the forecasted reports issued by ICPAC and TMA, the results revealed that irrespective of not considering the likelihood of occurrence of MJO and strong positive IOD both forecasts has performed well with that of ICPAC being leading. Conclusively, since the 2019 OND season has been uniquely characterized by the presence of MJO and IOD polarities it would be worthful to consider the two as input parameters during the OND rainfall forecast over the region.
Reduction of the Line-of-Sight Equivalence Principle

An improvement to the line-of-sight (LoS) approximation of the equivalence principle used in far-field computations is presented. In the original LoS approximation of the equivalence principle, the integral equation uses only the surface currents on the LoS surface, as well as the edge currents on the contour of the LoS surface, which is the replacement of the surface integrals over the shadow part of the surface. Here, we show that the integration over one type of surface current on the LoS surface and edge currents is sufficient, which reduces the resources required for the LoS radiation pattern computations by half. The proposed theory is a rigorous analysis of Love’s Equivalence theory with an introduction of the point-of-symmetry concept. The proposed method makes use of the vector-potential field representation to derive the improved LoS equivalence principle. The proposed approach is validated with the calculation of the far-field radiation pattern of a patch antenna using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations.
Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Ameliorate Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rats via Secreting Tumor Necrosis Factor-Inducible Gene 6 Protein

Aims To investigate whether bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSC) have ameliorated ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced acute kidney injury (IRI-AKI) via tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein (TSG-6) and how TSG-6 exerted this effect. Methods We used lentiviral vectors of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting TSG-6 gene to silence TSG-6 in BMSC. And TSG-6-silenced BMSC were administrated into IRI-AKI rats. Then we analyzed serum creatinine (Scr) and renal histology of IRI-AKI rats treated with BMSC after different pretreatments. Furthermore, we explored the effect of TSG-6 on renal tubular epithelial cells proliferation in vivo and in vitro assays. Results The Scr levels of IRI-AKI rats treated with BMSC (73.5±7.8 μmol/L) significantly decreased compared to those of IRI-AKI rats treated without BMSC (392.5±24.8 μmol/L, P<0.05) or with DMEM (314.0±19.8 μmol/L, P<0.05). Meanwhile, the renal tissue injury in IRI-AKI rats treated with BMSC improved markedly. However, the Scr levels of IRI-AKI rats treated with TSG-6-silenced BMSC (265.1±21.2 μmol/L) significantly increased compared to those with BMSC (74.0±8.5 μmol/L, P<0.05). The proportion of Ki67-positive cells was reduced in IRI-AKI rats treated with TSG-6-silenced BMSC compared to that in IRI-AKI rats treated with BMSC (29.7±0.8% versus 43.4±3.0%, P<0.05). In vitro, the cell proliferation rate of TSG-6-stimulated NRK-52E cells under hypoxia (89.2±3.9%) increased significantly compared to that of NRK-52E cells alone under hypoxia (82.4±0.8%, P<0.05). Similarly, the proportion of Ki67-positive cells was significantly elevated in TSG-6-stimulated NRK-52E cells under hypoxia. Furthermore, TSG-6 could inhibit infiltration of neutrophils in kidney tissue of IRI-AKI. Conclusions TSG-6 plays a key role in the treatment of IRI-AKI with BMSC, which may be due to its effect on promoting renal tubular epithelial cells proliferation by modulating inflammation.
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of two-dimensional plasmons in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures

Two-dimensional plasmons were investigated by terahertz time domain spectroscopy observing experimentally the distinctive minima and inflection points in the transmission power amplitude and phase spectra, respectively. Gratings of different periods (600, 800, and 1000 nm) and filling factors (50 and 80%) were provided to the two-dimensional electron gas in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures in order to measure the plasmon dispersion and the coupling efficiency with THz radiation. Comparative analysis of experimental data revealed that the resonant plasmon features in the amplitude spectrum are related to those in the phase spectrum by a simple integral relation, paving the way for phase spectroscopy of the plasmon phenomena in fields of THz physics and engineering.
Power quality analysis of an AC utility-grid interfaced multilevel inverter systems

ABSTRACT This paper unveils an assessment of Power Quality (PQ) and its analysis for Three-Level and Five-Level Multilevel Inverter (TL:FL-MLI) in phase control and continuous conduction mode. TLMLI and FLMLI topologies are more weighted than traditional two-level inverters due to decreased filter size and modularity. The proposed MLI systems yield increase in active power output and decrease in Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) levels. Accuracy of systems is computed by connecting a resistance-inductance and DC source load. It is envisaged that the level of THD is mitigated under variable switching control modes while injecting active power to AC utility-grid. Subsequently, the control of switching angle is achieved through Sine Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique and kept in the range of 90֯ to 165֯ for optimal control. SPWM control accomplishes the task to enhance the performance of MLIs under dynamic conditions. Furthermore, the superiority of FLMLI over TLMLI is established in synthesising ripple-free and balanced waveforms with reduced harmonic levels. The efficacy and feasibility of simulations for proposed schemes is validated through a small prototype. Comprehensive comparisons with earlier attempts in literature are provided with case studies which verify the ultimate performance of proposed topologies.
Towards a Conceptualization and Operationalization of Agenda-Cutting: A Research Agenda for a Neglected Media Phenomenon

ABSTRACT While agenda-setting has developed into one of the leading concepts in communication studies, “agenda-cutting” has so far remained a theoretical blind spot. This paper argues that the non-reflected, tacit assumption of agenda-cutting as a by-concept to agenda-setting represents one cause for this theoretical neglect. Thereby, the agenda-cutting concept finds itself in an epistemic dilemma: Since empirical evidence has been scarce so far, theoretical endeavors miss the experiential material to build on, whereas on the other hand operational enquiries struggle as conceptual groundwork is largely missing. In this light, this paper proposes a research agenda for a media phenomenon which requires an analysis distinct from its current parent concept agenda-setting in order to come to the fore to begin with. Furthermore, following the definition of conceptual key aspects a model for operationalizing agenda-cutting is put forward. If conceptual and empirical advancements could be made, agenda-cutting would possibly have a theoretical potential for application in a wide range of contexts such as journalism studies, cultural studies, political communication, or public relations. On the whole, this paper aims to initiate a scholarly debate by establishing conceptual common ground and proposing a research direction for what the author considers an unduly neglected media phenomenon.
News Consumption across Media Platforms and Content

In a changing information environment in which people increasingly select a combination of media platforms to consume news, scholars have taken a more comprehensive approach in measuring news consumption by examining news media repertoires. This study specifically (1) examines news repertoires of young people, based on their combined usage of media platforms and news content preferences; and (2) examines their variation due to social background characteristics. Results from a survey of Dutch adolescents (N = 1,084; age 16 to 21) reveal four distinct news repertoires: labeled minimalists, omnivores, traditionalists, and online news users. Findings further suggest that platform-based news repertoires are related to preferences for specific news content. Finally, this study contributes to the digital divide literature by demonstrating that inequalities in news media usage related to education do not seem to apply to younger citizens.
Non-Financial Information Disclosure in Italian Public Interest Companies: A Sustainability Reporting Perspective

The paper aims at investigating the impact of UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 on Italian “public interest entities” both in term of approaches to non-financial disclosure and on business strategies. The analysis focuses on the investigation of the relationships between the 17 SDGs and the set of non-financial information defined in bont the EU Directive 2014/95/EU and the related Italian L.D. n. 254 of 30 December 2016. SDGs has been significantly analysed in the literature, considering the effects on sustainability policies adopted by the States, but little attention has been paid to the policies adopted by companies. The awareness of companies towards the business implication connected to the achievemt of these goals translate into a new conscientious path, in compliance with sustainability standards. In this framework, the paper investigates the entire population of Italian companies subject to the publishing of non-financial information disclosure, with the exclusion of banks and insurance companies. For each company under investigation, two kinds of analysis are presented: (1) firstly, the company’s level of sustainability derived from the company website; (2) the approach in pursuing the 17 SDGs. The overall results are quite comforting in term of companies’ sustainability aptitude. Over the years, Italian public interest entities have implemented active policies linked to the achievement of some specific goals, in compliance with the Italian legislation, although divergences still emerge among the Italian areas, as a result of cultural differences that still exist and affect companies’ approaches to sustainability issues. In this regard, the results of the analysis are interesting for government authorities to regulat the pursuit of sustainability goals.
The Application of Stock Index Price Prediction with Neural Network

Stock index price prediction is prevalent in both academic and economic fields. The index price is hard to forecast due to its uncertain noise. With the development of computer science, neural networks are applied in kinds of industrial fields. In this paper, we introduce four different methods in machine learning including three typical machine learning models: Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and one attention-based neural network. The main task is to predict the next day’s index price according to the historical data. The dataset consists of the SP500 index, CSI300 index and Nikkei225 index from three different financial markets representing the most developed market, the less developed market and the developing market respectively. Seven variables are chosen as the inputs containing the daily trading data, technical indicators and macroeconomic variables. The results show that the attention-based model has the best performance among the alternative models. Furthermore, all the introduced models have better accuracy in the developed financial market than developing ones.
Online state‐of‐health prediction of lithium‐ion batteries with limited labeled data

State‐of‐health (SOH) plays a vital role in battery health management and power system stability. This process can be achieved by capacity estimation. However, in practice, the capacity of a battery is difficult to obtain online given that it cannot be determined with general sensors. This means that the capacity is only known for the limited cycles of the batteries. To address this issue, we propose a novel semi‐supervised learning framework to estimate the capacity of unlabeled data to achieve better SOH prediction. First, four indirect features are extracted from the charging profiles. Then an improved locally linear reconstruction method is used to determine the capacity distributions of the unlabeled data. Combined with the oversampling method applied to generate a series of data by the estimated distributions, a support vector regression model is utilized to predict the RUL of the batteries given the threshold values of the batteries. A case study with two types of cellular phone lithium‐ion batteries is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for the prediction of the remaining useful life of different batteries and different starting points. The experimental results prove that the performance of the proposed method is better than the K‐nearest neighbor method and locally linear reconstruction method in terms of accuracy and robustness.
Bromeliads going batty: pollinator partitioning among sympatric chiropterophilous Bromeliaceae

Pre-pollination mechanisms for isolation among sympatric bat-pollinated plants are largely unknown. We investigated the mechanisms for reproductive segregation between four sympatric chiropterophilous bromeliads in Veracruz, Mexico. With ex situ and in situ manual pollination treatments we determined the breeding system by assessing fruiting and seedling success and sampled bat visitors using mist-nets and infrared cameras. Bromeliads showed staggered flowering, different pollen deposition sites on the body of the pollinator and differences in the reward offered. These traits may have evolved to reduce the competitive costs of sharing pollinators while providing a constant supply of food for the nectarivorous bat community.
Forty years of research on human resource management in family firms: analyzing the past; preparing for the future

PurposeThis paper explores the field of human resource management (HRM) in family firms, assessing the evolution of this research through a four-domain model that reflects the relationships between cognitions, actions and performances associated with organizational choices.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have performed a bibliometric review of 363 peer-reviewed papers from over the past four decades (1976–2016) in order to provide activity indicators for the overall phenomenon and systemize the entire body of literature into specific HRM strategy domains or practices, using a double-entered pivot table.FindingsThe study framework provides managerial implications with regard to the HRM decisions made when attempting to improve human capital in family firms. Accordingly, the authors view HRM-centered decisions and strategies in family firms as ways to scan for and appraise contingent dimensions, make sense of the current environment, make good choices and achieve high performance levels.Originality/valueThe authors offer this four-domain theoretical scheme as a framework through which the field can be interpreted, proposing some potential avenues for moving forward.