Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Redescription of Triplumaria selenica Latteur et al., 1970 (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida) and its phylogenetic position based on the infraciliary bands and 18SSU rRNA gene sequence

Triplumaria selenica Latteur, Tuffrau and Wespes, 1970 was redescribed from pyridinated silver carbonateimpregnated specimens. Triplumaria selenica has a slit of the vestibular opening extending posteriorly along the left side of the vestibulum. The wide C-shaped adoral polybrachykinety extends along the ventral side of the vestibular opening. The narrow perivestibular polybrachykinety extends laterally along the dorsal side of the vestibular opening from the right end of the adoral polybrachykinety and forms a loop extending posteriorly along the vestibular slit to join to the left end of the adoral polybrachykinety. The 18SSU rRNA gene of T. selenica as well as those of six other entodiniomorphid species, Raabena bella, Blepharocorys curvigula, Entodinium longinucleatum, Eudiplodinium rostratum, Metadinium medium, and Ostracodinium gracile was sequenced. The neighbor joining and maximum parsimony phylogenetic trees were constructed to discuss the evolution of entodiniomorphs. Our results will support and extend Wolska’s hypothesis: the ancestral forms of blepharocorythids have evolved into ophryoscolecids and Cycloposthium species via the ancestor of Triplumaria. & 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Review on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)

Our planet’s community largely depends on a snug energy supply, and non-renewable energy such as fossil fuel has been serving as the most trustworthy energy source from its discovery time of 1673 till to the current century. However, non-renewable energy resources are rapidly decreased per year due to increasing the energy consumption rate. To address this issue, renewable energy chiefly photovoltaic energy has attracted much though, because it directly converts solar energy into electrical without environment pollution. For the past several years, different photovoltaic devices like inorganic organic, and hybrid solar cells are invented for different application purposes. Regardless of its high conversion rate of silicon based solar cells, the high module cost and complicated production process restricted their application. Research has been focused on alternative organic solar cells for their inherent low module cost and easy fabrication processes. From all organic solar cells, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) are the most efficient, low cost and easily implemented technology. This review paper focus on clarifying the technological meaning of DSSCs, Types of DSSCs materials, working principle, advantages, power full applications area of DSSCs, the efficiency and challenges for R&D of DSSCs to upgrade the current efficiency.
A Novel Approach to Enhance Personalized Recommendation

Recommendation techniques are important in the fields of E-commerce and other facilities like online shopping. One of the main problems is dynamically providing high-quality recommendation on less data. In this paper, a new dynamic personalized recommendation approach is introduced, in which information contained in both ratings and profile contents are utilized by inventing internal relations between ratings, a set of dynamic features are developed to describe user preferences in different phases , and then a recommendation is made by adaptively weighting the features. This approach performed well on public data sets.
The antiproliferative role of the liver X receptors in breast and colorectal cancer

The liver X receptors (LXRα and LXRβ) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand activated transcription factors and have functions as regulators of lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as inflammatory response. In recent years, several reports have demonstrated an important role of LXRs in the control of cell proliferation. In Paper I we demonstrate that LXR activation with synthetic agonist GW3965 leads to a strong antiproliferative effect in four different human breast cancer cell lines. We show that LXR activation induces an arrest at the G1/S check point of the cell cycle with a hypophosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein and a downregulation of cell cycle modulators such as Skp2, cyclin A2 and cyclin D1. We further show that the antiproliferative function of LXRs is independent of lipid biosynthesis. In Paper II we follow up the results in Paper I to elucidate more mechanisms of LXR activation in human breast cancer cell lines. Using microarray analysis, we find both cell line specific and common LXR target genes. The common responsive genes that were upregulated upon LXR activation are annotated to known metabolic functions of LXR, while the common downregulated genes mostly include those with function in cell cycle regulation and proliferation. Comparing the common downregulated gene set, with breast cancer tumour samples and patient data we find that patients with tumours expressing lower levels of these LXR target genes had better survival compared to patients with a higher expression of these genes. In addition, we identify the E2F family of transcription factors as mediators of the antiproliferative effect of LXR activation. In Paper III we demonstrate that activation of LXRs with GW3965 decreases proliferation in human colorectal cell lines with a cell cycle arrest in the G1 to S phase transition. We demonstrate a decreased expression of cell cycle promoters such as Skp2, CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, cyclin E, cyclin B1 and c-myc, as well as hypophosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. Moreover, we show that LXR deficient mice have an increased proliferation in the colonic crypt compared to wild type mice. Also, activation of LXRs with GW3965 reduces proliferation in the colonic crypt of wild type mice. In Paper IV we demonstrate that activation of LXRs dampens the inflammatory response by downregulating pro-inflammatory mediators in two different mouse models of colitis. In addition, LXR deficient mice have a faster and more severe disease progression. We further demonstrate that expression of LXR regulated genes is suppressed in colon samples from patients with either Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis compared to healthy controls. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is associated to increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. The data in Paper IV suggests the potential for LXR mediated inhibition of inflammation during IBD, thus reducing the risk for developing colorectal cancer. ISBN 978-91-7549-156-1
Planning Costs and the Theory of Learning by Doing

This paper illustrates how the explicit introduction of planning costs into a model of decision making under uncertainty can result is a theory of learning by doing that is empirically implementable. Even when not optimal, it is shown that learning by doing results in convergence to optimal choice under very general conditions. Hence, it may explain why learning by doing (or adaptive learning) is a good first order model of behavior for a wide variety of environments.
Cloud Security Issues and Challenges : Important Points to Move towards Cloud Storage

Cloud computing is a new paradigm in which resource delivered as a service through the internet and you pay just for what you use, The cloud is exposed to many security attacks like Login page, cloud APIs.one of the important services delivered by the cloud is a storage in witch customer can store privet data in remote data center and arrival this data from anywhere and at any time if connected to internet. Security and Privacy of cloud storage are very important because of that after moving data to cloud storage the control of data will be share by customer and cloud service provider, In this paper, we will focus on the cloud part and leave the subject of network security, it will discuss some of the methods used to protect cloud storage, while discussing some useful instructions on how to choose the cloud provider and deal with penetration types.
Management of sinonasal and skull base nonmesenchymal chondrosarcoma, a narrative review

Background: Chondrosarcoma (CS) is a rare malignant cartilage forming tumor accounting for 6% of skull base neoplasia. CS often presents insidiously, it almost never metastasizes but it has an indolent progressive course leading to significant morbidity and mortality due to invasion of the clivus and central skull base. This study performed a review of the management of CS. Methods: A review of English language literature identified 20 studies to which we added a case series from one institution. Results: Total number of patients included was 734. Main treatment modality was surgery performed in combination with postoperative radiotherapy (64.0%) or surgery alone (30.4%). The majority of patients recorded were either alive and well (68.1%) or alive with disease (16.6%) with 15.3% dead of disease. Conclusions: On present evidence, surgery should form the primary treatment with a goal of complete resection. Inaccessible recurrences or high grade tumors are candidates for proton beam radiotherapy following surgery.
Enhancing Phishing E-Mail Classifiers: A Lexical URL Analysis Approach

This is a study that focuses on enhancing the mitigation of bulk phishing email messages (i.e. email messages with generic socially engineered content that target a broad range of recipients). This study is based on a phishing website detection technique that we have proposed previously. The previously proposed technique was able to achieve 97% of classification accuracy of phishing websites by lexically analyzing their URLs. The centre claim of this study is that the classification accuracy of anti-phishing email filters enhance when they incorporate the proposed lexical URL analysis technique. To evaluate the claims, a highly accurate anti-phishing email classifier is constructed and tested against publicly available phishing and legitimate email data sets.
Effect of disruption of 3 D 8 complementarity-determining regions on properties of 3 D 8 antibody by Jiyeon

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Methodology to Analyze Attitude Stability of Satellites Subjected to Aerodynamic Torques

A method to analyze the stability of satellites flying in low Earth orbits is presented. Starting from the classical rotational equations of motion, including gravity gradient, the influence of aerodynamic torques is studied both in the pitch and roll–yaw axes. Applying concepts used to assess aircraft stability, such as stability derivatives, several ideas and recommendations are presented. The work aims to link geometrical properties with attitude response, providing a way to design satellites that actively takes into account environmental torques, either by minimizing them or by utilizing them to meet mission goals.
Effect of Climatic Conditions and Land Cover on Genetic Structure and Diversity of Eunica tatila (Lepidoptera) in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Fragmentation is the third cause of the biodiversity declination. Population genetic studies using Lepidoptera as the model species in the context of loss of habitat are scarce, particularly for tropical areas. We chose a widespread butterfly from Mexico as the model species to explore how changes of habitat characteristics (undisturbed forest, anthropogenic disturbances, and coastal areas), and climatic conditions affect genetic diversity and population structure. The Nymphalidae Eunica tatila is a common species in the Yucatan Peninsula considered to be a bio-indicator of undisturbed tropical forest, with migratory potential and a possible sex-biased dispersal. We genotyped 323 individuals collected in eight undisturbed areas, using four Inter Simple Sequence Repeats primers. Results show a high genetic diversity and no population structure. Temperature and shrub density present a positive and significant relationship with polymorphism values. Furthermore, our results show the positive effect of surrounding forest habitat on genetic diversity, confirming that E. tatila is a bio-indicator of undisturbed tropical forest. We found evidence of sex-biased dispersal. This paper represents one of the few studies on population genetics of tropical butterfly in a fragmented landscape and is, therefore, an important step in understanding the impact of habitat fragmentation on the risk of a butterflies’ decline.
Stock structure of Atlantic herring Clupea harengus in the Norwegian Sea and adjacent waters

Table S1. Characteristics of multiplexes for 24 microsatellite loci of Atlantic herring Clupea harengus. Tm stands for annealing temperature and l for micro-litres of primer used. Genotyping quality reports the percentage of individuals which were correctly genotyped at a specific microsatellite locus. The forward primers were labelled with dye colors: 6-FAM (blue dye), NED (yellow dye), PET (red dye) and VIC (green dye).
Optical fibre communications and sensing system experiments for undergraduate photonics laboratories

Experiments in photonics tend to be reserved for postgraduate laboratories, where suitable equipment and resources are available. Simple optical fibre experiments may be included in some undergraduate programs, possibly utilising polymer optical fibres with LEDs and phototransistors, or with the use of bulk optical components and glass optical fibre elements. However, real optical fibre communication systems and optical fibre sensing systems utilise more complex devices, such as optical fibre Bragg gratings. With the availability of optical components in the 850nm wavelength range, a variety of practical systems can be realised using industry standard components. We show how to mitigate a large portion of the cost associated with the implementation of experiments utilising these 850nm components. The limiting factor associated with the implementation of 1550nm based systems is the cost associated with spectral measurements in this wavelength range. Given a bench top optical spectrum analyser costs $10,000s; this is not something that can be made available to students in undergraduate laboratories in bulk. The solution was to make use of the new low cost USB based spectrometers, available from a number of manufacturers. In combination with devices such as couplers, circulators, isolators, wavelength division multiplexing filters, and Bragg gratings, all operating in the 850nm, a number of different sensing and communications systems can be realised.
Antifungal Traits of a 14 kDa Maize Kernel Trypsin Inhibitor Protein in Transgenic Cotton

ABSTRACT Transgenic cotton plants expressing the maize kernel trypsin inhibitor protein (TIP) were produced and evaluated for antifungal traits. This 14 kDa trypsin inhibitor protein has been previously associated with resistance to aflatoxin-producing fungus Aspergillus flavus. Successful transformation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and expression of trypsin inhibitor was demonstrated by PCR and Northern analysis, respectively. Proteins extracted from cottonseed and leaf tissues of transgenic plants were separated using SDS-PAGE, and it indicated the presence of a 15–16 kDa protein in transgenic tissues as compared to control. Only transgenic cottonseed tissue reacted with the TIP antibody, indicating the expression in cottonseed. No cross-reaction to the TIP antibody was detected from leaf extracts, indicating the TIP was either not expressed or expressed at a level too low to be detected by Western blot. Crude leaf extracts from transgenic cotton plants did not show significant control of colonies from pre-germinated spores of Aspergillus flavus or Verticillium dahliae; however, extracts from transgenic cottonseed tissue showed about 60% reduction of V. dahliae colonies, indicating the antifungal nature of the maize TIP by itself. Cotton bolls inoculated with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing A. flavus strain showed no difference among controls or transgenic cotton plants indicating that the expression of TIP in cottonseed is not high enough to prevent A. flavus colonization.
Abdominal volume index and conicity index in predicting metabolic abnormalities in young women of different socioeconomic class

Background: Obesity is one of the strong risk factors in development of metabolic disorders such as type-2 diabetes or hypertension (HTN) in individuals. However, central obesity or overall obesity is the primary risk factor associated with metabolic disorder and not well-established. Hence, this study was planned to investigate the anthropometric parameters such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), abdominal volume index (AVI), Conicity index (CI), and skinfold thickness as surrogates in predicting the metabolic disorders in young population. Objective: To assess the ability of anthropometric parameters mainly AVI and CI, to identify young women at risk of developing diabetes and HTN in future, and to compare the anthropometric measurements among the different socioeconomic status. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four women in reproductive age group of 20–40 years were assessed for different anthropometric parameters such as weight, height, WC, skinfold thickness, and derived values of BMI, WHR, AVI, and CI. They were also investigated for fasting blood glucose and triglyceride levels, and supine blood pressure was recorded. The population was of different socioeconomic class as classified by Modified Kuppuswamy classification; the study was designed to predict metabolic abnormalities such as diabetes mellitus and HTN based on laboratory and blood pressure values (prediabetes: fasting blood glucose, 100–126 mg/ dL; preHTN, systolic blood pressure, 120–139 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure, 80–89 mm Hg; hypertriglyceridemia, triglycerides >150 mg/dL; or a combination of risk factors). The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and receiver-operating characteristic curve. Result: The mean BMI was 24.84 ± 5.34 kg/m2; WC: 96.64 ± 11.5 cm; WHR: 0.96 ± 0.07; AVI: 18.94 ± 4.78; CI: 1.42 ± 0.48; and sum of skinfold thickness: 11.19 ± 3.16 mm. All the mean parameters of the study mentioned earlier were found to have no significant difference when tested by one way ANOVA. Twenty-nine people were detected with metabolic abnormalities that showed significant difference in BMI, AVI, CI, and skin fold thickness. Conclusion: Our results suggested that obesity is prevalent in all the classes of society irrespective of their social class. BMI is the best indicator for predicting the metabolic abnormality. AVI, CI, and WC can also be used along with the BMI in predicting metabolic abnormality for early management.
The Impact of Brand Use on Innovation Performance – Empirical Results for Germany

The market launch of product innovations is the most visible output of a firm's investment in innovation activities. To achieve this objective most efficiently, firms strengthen their technological capabilities, acquire external knowledge in a number of different ways, and optimize their innovation process. The success of a firm's innovation strategy has two dimensions: First, the ability of a firm to master the research and development process, leading to the market introduction of a product innovation. Second, the ability to turn the market introduction of a product innovation into commercial success. While a firms technological abilities make a product innovation possible, this product might face a lack of interest among potential customers after its market introduction. The introduction of a product innovation under a brand name might generate interest, adds credibility and reputation and has the potential for the firm to better appropriate the returns from its innovations. This paper investigates the role of brand use for the commercial success of product innovations, using a representative sample of German firms. The results show that firms can improve the odds of commercial success by pursuing a branding strategy. The market introduction of a product innovation is shown to be associated with 35% larger sales if the firm uses an established brand to introduce the product innovation into the market.
Short-term survival and potential grazing effects of the New Zealand mudsnail in an uninvaded Western Great Basin watershed

We offer a case study showing: a) the susceptibility of the Truckee River and Lake Tahoe to an invasion by the New Zealand mudsnail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) and b) the short-term impacts on periphyton standing crop in the Truckee River and Lake Tahoe as a result of grazing by New Zealand mudsnails. Snail survivorship in the Truckee River experiment ranged from 50–85 percent across treatments and snail survivorship ranged from 5–40 percent in the Lake Tahoe experiment. Periphyton standing crop was negatively affected in both snail density treatments of the Truckee River experiment but the results were mixed in the Lake Tahoe experiment. Our results suggest that the Truckee River is more vulnerable to establishment by New Zealand mudsnails than Lake Tahoe.
Cognitive Strategies and Pain Tolerance in Subjects with Muscle Soreness

The effects of cognitive strategies on pain tolerance and performance in subjects with muscle soreness were investigated. Female (n = 18) and male (n =12) subjects were matched for strength and then randomly assigned to dissociation, association, or control groups. Muscle soreness was induced in the quadriceps and hamstrings muscle groups by repeated eccentric contractions against heavy resistance, which resulted in significant decrements in peak torque (PT) and total work (TW). ANOVAs revealed no significant group differences (p < .05) in muscle soreness, state anxiety, and estimated strength and endurance performance 48 hr following the soreness induction. Association strategy subjects increased their quadriceps strength performance following cognitive intervention, whereas strength performance in the dissociation and control groups was not affected. No significant treatment effects were observed for hamstrings strength or quadriceps and hamstrings endurance. Both dissociation and association groups per.
Salmonid Fry Stranding Mortality Associated with Daily Water Level Fluctuations in Trail Bridge Reservoir, Oregon

Abstract Little information exists on how reservoir fluctuations affect stranding risk for early life stages of salmonids. This study focuses on the effects of hydroelectric-related water level fluctuations in Trail Bridge Reservoir, Oregon, where salmonids, including the bull trout Salvelinus confluentus and spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, which are listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, commonly occur. A distance-from-line sampling design was employed using permanently established transects to estimate the magnitude of stranding of juvenile salmonids during 30 surveys over 3 months in spring 2006. All stranded fish observed during field surveys were mapped onto spatially rectified, low-elevation aerial photographs to assess the patterns in stranding. Most fish were stranded in habitats with a slope of less than 6%, typically in interstitial spaces among cobbles, and in “potholes. ” Fish were stranded in similar numbers following small or large fluctuations, and no relationship was .