Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integer-N charge pump phase locked loop for 2.4 GHz application with a novel design of phase frequency detector

In this article, a novel design is presented, for an Integer- N charge pump phase locked loop (PLL). The design is with a resetless phase frequency detector, and with the differential design of charge pump. The voltage-controlled oscillator is of current starved type. The proposed PLL is not having any blind zone and is having near-zero dead zone. When compared to the conventional design, the current mismatch in the charge pump is reduced by 3.21%, and the lock time of the PLL is reduced by 79%. The PLL is intended for 2.4 GHz application, and the obtained lock time is 1.7 μs. The implementation is done with the three-stage ring oscillator, with divider of modulus as 24, in 180 nm TSMC technology. At 1.8 V supply voltage, the circuit consumes 9.72 mW of power.
BREASTFEEDING SELF EFFICACY AND PERCEIVED STRESS IN PRIMIPAROUS MOTHERS

Background and Aim: Breastfeeding is a health-promoting and disease-preventing activity of mother with acceptable cost-effectiveness. Successful breastfeeding depends on various physiological and psychological factors such as maternal breastfeeding self efficacy and perceived stress. The aim of this study is to determine exclusive breastfeeding self efficacy and perceived stress in primipara mothers. Materials and Methods: The data collection instrument was a questionnaire consisted of the demographic characteristics items, and breastfeeding self efficacy and perceived stress scales. Three hundred and thirty one primiparous women, referred to Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital in Tehran, were selected continuously (within three months) to complete the questionnaire. Results: The results of this study showed that less than half of the subjects (46.5%) had high perceived stress level. In addition, more than 51.1% of mothers had high breastfeeding self efficacy. Therefore, according to the study findings and recent reports regarding reduced rate of breast feeding in Iran, it is necessary for health care responsible to provide appropriate strategies in order to increase breastfeeding self efficacy and stress management, especially in less experienced primipara women. Conclusion: Accoding to findings and with due attention to recent decrease in breast-feeding in Iran, it is necessary to develop proper strategies in order to improving breast feeding self efficacy and effective stress management, especially in primiparous mothers.
Assessment of the management of student aﬀairs records : case of the University of Mpumalanga in South Africa.

The purpose of this paper is to assess records management components, such as record scheduled, records appraisal, destroyed/disposed, retained, training of staff on the management of the student affairs records (SARs), provided access, the challenges associated with efficient management of SARs and strategies for effective management of SARs, to determine the extent the Student Affairs Department (SAD) complies with the University of Mpumalanga (UMP) records management policy. ,This paper uses qualitative methodology of a triangulation of data collection and this included interviews, document analysis and observation. ,The literature review, as well as the interview, revealed that findings on the UMP records management policy are multi-layered. A number of participants mentioned lack of records centre, records retention and appraisal of records, records management training and managing access to information as a challenge to the management of SARs. ,The research was only limited to the UMP, Student Affairs Division, with a population of 15 staff members even though the findings can be applied to all the universities in South Africa. ,SAD has a unique contribution to make to ensure that records created within their division are managed in terms of the UMP records management policy by ensuring that components such as records storage retention and appraisal of records management training and managing access to information are adhered to. ,Failure to comply with the UMP records management policy by the Student Affairs Division will contribute to the loss of institutional memories, non-compliance with legislations such as Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000, National Archives and Records Services Act 46 of 1996 and the Protection of Personal Information Act No 4. Of 2013. ,The research appears to be the first of its kind, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to assess SARs at the UMP, South Africa.
The New Empirical Equation Describing Damping Phenomenon in Dynamically Loaded Subgrade Cohesive Soils

The damping ratio (D) is one of the key soil parameters in geotechnical issues where the soil is subjected to dynamic loads, like machines foundation, city tram and subway traffic, and driving of sheet pile or precast pile. Each of the abovementioned geotechnical problems is connected with significant damping, so its effect should be included in the dynamical analysis. Therefore, this article focuses on the damping phenomenon in cohesive soils from the capital of Poland, which is described by damping ratio (D). In this research, a set of the damping tests by free vibration method in resonant column device were conducted, and the influence of four selected factors, i.e., shear strain (γ), effective stress (p’), plasticity index (PI), and void ratio (e) on damping ratio in wide strain range was investigated and discussed. Based on the laboratory tests, the shear strain has the most impacts on the damping ratio characteristics; the plasticity index and the effective stress also have a significant influence. Based on the performed analysis, the authors propose the empirical equations with two sets of variables, the first for low and medium cohesive soil (PI < 20%) and the second for very cohesive soils (PI > 20%).
Diagnostics for Periodically Excited Actuators

Electromechanical actuators that operate cyclically or with periodically varying loads present unique opportunities for condition-based diagnostics. Signal processing techniques can be tailored to exploit periodic variation in the electrical and mechanical variables and waveforms associated with these machines. These analytical techniques improve signal resolution and permit detection of fine changes in system parameters. This article presents low-intrusion instrumentation tailored to periodic loads. These instruments can provide subtle diagnostic information from measurements of quantities such as vibration and electrical current. Extraction of cyclostationary signal components and development of diagnostic metrics are discussed in this article and demonstrated on an industrially relevant case, a diaphragm pump.
Adaptive Bit Loading With Reduced Computational Time and Complexity for Multicarrier Wireless Communications

This correspondence presents an efficient bit loading technique that enables reduction of the time and computational complexity requirements for mobile wireless multicarrier communications, while satisfying certain bit-error-rate constraints. The complexity reduction is achieved by exploiting the channel correlation to reduce the number of subcarriers involved in the bit loading process, and consequently, the required computational time is reduced significantly. The computational complexity of the bit allocation process can be designed to match the system computational capabilities by deriving a theoretical upper bound on the average number of subcarriers involved in the bit loading process. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed bit loading process time complexity is only 14% of conventional techniques at the signal-to-noise ratio of 20 dB with a throughput loss of about 13%.
Control charts for traffic intensity monitoring of Markovian multiserver queues

A number of recent research studies have applied queueing theory as an approximate modeling tool to mathematically describe industrial systems, which include manufacturing, distribution, and service, for instance. Among the main observable characteristics in queues, the number of users in the system can be controlled to keep waiting times as minimal as possible. The design of efficient control charts is an attempt to monitor and control such systems. Control charts are proposed to monitor infinite queues with Markovian arrivals, exponential service times, and s identical parallel servers. The proposed charts monitor traffic intensities, which are the ratio between the arrival rate and the service rate, estimated through the number of users in the queueing system at random epochs. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approaches in terms of the average run lengths are established by a comprehensive set of Monte Carlo simulations.
A role for regulatory T cells in gender-biased disease susceptibility to murine lupus.

A ROLE FOR REGULATORY T CELLS IN GENDER-BIASED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MURINE LUPUS Colleen Tucker June 17,2010 Females are more susceptible to autoimmune disease than males. In several mouse models of disease, castration of males exacerbates disease while androgen treatment ameliorates disease. These data suggest hormones can have an influence on disease susceptibility and progression. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), particularly the CD4+CD25+ Tregs, have been shown to be important in controlling autoimmune disease. Studies have shown that depleting regulatory T cells can cause severe autoimmune disease, and increasing regulatory T cell population size can protect from disease. We hypothesized that gender differences in regulatory T cell populations would correlate with differences in disease susceptibility. We used a spontaneous mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus, (NZBxNZW)FI (BWFI), in which only females develop full-blown kidney disease to investigate gender differences in regulatory T cell
A Review of Automatic Phenotyping Approaches using Electronic Health Records

Electronic Health Records (EHR) are a rich repository of valuable clinical information that exist in primary and secondary care databases. In order to utilize EHRs for medical observational research a range of algorithms for automatically identifying individuals with a specific phenotype have been developed. This review summarizes and offers a critical evaluation of the literature relating to studies conducted into the development of EHR phenotyping systems. This review describes phenotyping systems and techniques based on structured and unstructured EHR data. Articles published on PubMed and Google scholar between 2013 and 2017 have been reviewed, using search terms derived from Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). The popularity of using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques in extracting features from narrative text has increased. This increased attention is due to the availability of open source NLP algorithms, combined with accuracy improvement. In this review, Concept extraction is the most popular NLP technique since it has been used by more than 50% of the reviewed papers to extract features from EHR. High-throughput phenotyping systems using unsupervised machine learning techniques have gained more popularity due to their ability to efficiently and automatically extract a phenotype with minimal human effort.
Dual band circular polarized bow tie slotted patch antenna over high impedance surface for WiMAX application

Abstract A novel planar dual-band bow-tie slotted patch antenna backed by high-impedance surface (HIS) is designed at 2.5 and 3.5 GHz for wireless application. The antenna employs coplanar waveguide fed patch and bow-tie slot as radiating elements. The bow-tie slot enables dual-band operation for the antenna. The HIS is made asymmetric in design to make it polarization dependent. This polarization-dependent HIS is eventually designed to reflect circularly polarized waves from linearly polarized incident waves.
The conditional effect of audiences on credibility

How do leaders signal their intentions during a crisis? Scholars point to audience costs, potential political punishment for bluffing during bargaining, to explain how accountable leaders communicate. However, the empirical support for audience costs is mixed. I argue that this apparent disconnect between theory and evidence is due to different ways that audiences can threaten to use their sanctioning power during a crisis. When determining whether to punish a leader for a failed coercive threat, their domestic supporters should balance concerns over consistency and policy outcomes. As such, accountable leaders’ ability to credibly communicate is not automatic, rather it depends on their supporters’ policy preferences. I apply this insight using casualty sensitivity as a conditioning policy preference. I expect, and find, that audiences only help a leader commit to fight when fighting is low-cost, and actually prevent commitment when fighting is high-cost. Using compellent threat data, I find that audiences have countervailing effects on credibility due to their preferences for leaders who are both consistent and avoid costly conflict. This conditional effect could explain prior mixed support for audience costs in observational data, as prior studies pool together instances where I find audiences have strong, but opposing, effects.
Suspension Force Error Source Analysis and Multidimensional Dynamic Model for a Centripetal Force Type-Magnetic Bearing

The traditional modeling methods on suspension force of magnetic bearings are mainly based on static fields analysis, and lack of consideration for the effect of real-time temperature and rotation speed. However, the action area of Maxwell force and the air gap size in the calculation formula of the suspension force dynamically change with temperature rise and rotation speed. Therefore, the accuracy of model results on suspension force is compromised. In this article, taking the centripetal force type-magnetic bearing as an example, the error sources that affect the accuracy of the suspension force are analyzed meticulously. Then, based on the suspension force error sources results, a dynamic model involving multiple dimensional variables is proposed, which includes control current, displacement, temperature, and rotational speed. Superior to the traditional static models, the temperature and rotation speed are integrated into the proposed multidimensional model besides the traditional current and displacement. To prove the validity of suspension force error sources analysis and the accuracy of the proposed model, the dynamic stiffness experiments are carried out. The experiment results show that the multidimensional model is more practical and has higher precision than the traditional static model.
A 0.83-pJ/Bit 6.4-Gb/s HBM Base Die Receiver Using a 45° Strobe Phase for Energy-Efficient Skew Compensation

Skews between data and strobe signals can occur in HBM transceivers due to process and voltage variations across the base die. Skew compensation is introduced into the deserializers of our quarter-rate single-ended receiver for next-generation unmatched source-synchronous HBM interfaces. Data and strobe signals are energy-efficiently realigned by using a 45° strobe phase DQS45. This phase, which is equidistant between quadrature strobe phases DQS0 and DQS90, is generated by a digital type phase interpolator of our receiver. The transceiver, including the proposed receiver, was designed and fabricated in a 65nm CMOS process. The receiver corrects skews to within 7.8ps at a data-rate of 6.4Gb/s, with an energy cost of 0.83pJ/bit per pin.
A Weighted Functional Object-Oriented Network for Task Planning.

Prior to this work, we introduced the functional object-oriented network (FOON) as a graphical knowledge representation for manipulations that can be performed by domestic robots. However, up to this point, we did not account for real robot task planning with FOON due to the difficulty in robots performing certain manipulations on its own due to physical limitations. We therefore propose human-robot collaboration (HRC) as a solution to robotic programming with FOON. The knowledge retrieval procedure, used for acquiring a sequence that solves a given problem, is modified to include weights that reflect the robot's chance of successfully executing motions. To make it easier for the robot, a human can assist to the minimal extent needed to perform the activity to completion by delegating those actions with low success rates to the human to do. From our experiments, we show that tasks can be completed successfully with the aid of the assistant and instruction from the robot while minimizing the effort needed from the human.
A 2.5–28 Gb/s Multi-Standard Transmitter With Two-Step Time-Multiplexing Driver

This brief presents a 2.5 – 28 Gb/s multi-standard transmitter with a two-step time-multiplexing driver. The proposed two-step time-multiplexing driver not only lowers the output parasitic capacitances but also mitigates charge injection by reducing the number of stacks compared with a 4-to-1 time-multiplexing driver. In addition, the proposed transmitter can enhance the bandwidth by avoiding the use of a 1-unit-interval (1-UI) pulse which is one of the main design challenges in high-speed transmitters. It also provides a controllable output swing and a 3-tap feed-forward equalization (FFE) by turning-on and –off the driver slices. The output impedance is calibrated by a background feedback loop, resulting in a good signal integrity. The prototype chip fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS technology consists of a four-channel transmitter and a global all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL). One channel of the transmitter with the ADPLL occupies an active area of 0.23 mm2 and consume 213 mW at 28 Gb/s.
Biomechatronics: Harmonizing Mechatronic Systems with Human Beings

This eBook provides a comprehensive treatise on modern biomechatronic systems centred around human applications. A particular emphasis is given to exoskeleton designs for assistance and training with advanced interfaces in human-machine interaction. Some of these designs are validated with experimental results which the reader will find very informative as building-blocks for designing such systems. This eBook will be ideally suited to those researching in biomechatronic area with bio-feedback applications or those who are involved in high-end research on manmachine interfaces. This may also serve as a textbook for biomechatronic design at post-graduate level.
A 1 V 2.4‐6 GHz 6‐bit vector‐sum phase shifter with very low rms phase error and gain error

We present a 2.4‐6 GHz 6‐bit vector‐sum phase shifter with a full 360° phase‐shift range based on 65‐nm CMOS technology. This paper exploits an improved reconfigurable quadrature all‐pass filter with a cross‐coupled buffer as the quadrature generator circuit, and a common‐gate programmable gain stage with optimal transistor size ratio and in‐phase/quadrature (I/Q) gain ratio as the I/Q variable gain amplifiers (VGAs). Through the optimization of circuit topologies, a superior overall performance has been achieved with extremely low root mean square (RMS) phase error and gain error, capable of low voltage, wide bandwidth, and high‐accuracy operations. The measured RMS phase error is less than 2°, 1.4°, and 1°, between 2.4‐6 GHz, 2.5‐5.6 GHz, and 3‐4.7 GHz & 4.9‐5.5 GHz, respectively, with a RMS gain error of less than 0.75 dB. The circuit draws 14.6 mW from a 1 V supply, with a chip size of 0.45 × 0.47 mm2.
Finite-Difference Time-Domain Simulation of a Lightning-Impulse-Applied ZnO Element

The voltage across a zinc oxide (ZnO) element, in which a lightning impulse current is injected, and the temperature distribution in the ZnO element have been computed using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The ZnO element having a length of 36 mm and a radius of 16 mm is represented with many 2 mm × 2 mm × 4 mm rectangular cells, each of which has a nonlinear resistivity in each of the x, y, and z directions dependent on the electric field in each direction and the temperature in each cell. Waveforms of the voltage across the ZnO element and maximum temperatures, computed using the FDTD method, for lightning impulse currents having magnitudes of about 30–65 kA, have been compared with those measured by the authors. Furthermore, the voltage across a 66- or 77-kV transmission-line surge arrester, composed of nine stacked ZnO elements, and the distribution of temperature in the arrester have been computed for a 50-kA lightning impulse current.
An 8-Channel Varactor-Less 28-GHz Front End With 7-Bit Resolution 340° RTPS for 5G RF Beamformers

An 8-way power combined, high gain, very low power varactor-less front end in a 45 nm bulk CMOS process is presented in this brief. The fully digital near-360° seven-bit reflection type phase shifter (RTPS) utilises a novel varactor-less tuning network in a triple resonating load along with negative resistance generators to reduce the insertion loss. A two-stage passive gm boosted CG-CS low noise amplifier (LNA) with series peaking delivers 32dB gain with a very low DC power consumption. The 8:1 lumped quarter wave combiner/splitter utilizes transformer coupling to achieve a post layout efficiency of 67%, with a 2X reduction in area when compared to a spiral inductor-only implementation. Post-layout EM simulations on the RTPS predict a 340° phase shift with insertion loss of 9± 5dB at a very high resolution of 2.8°. The front end yields an overall gain of 21± 5dB, with a worst-case noise figure (NF) of 4.7dB while consuming only 10mW per channel. With an inter channel isolation greater than 22 dB, the amplitude and phase mismatch of the front end are kept within 0.3dB and 3° respectively. The impact of module and PCB non-idealities on the beamformer performance have also been highlighted with support from initial system level simulations. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first implementation of a fully digital near-360° RF beamforming front end with simultaneous high gain and phase resolution.
Replacing Distributed Optimization by Surrogate Models in Coupled Microgrids

: The rapid uptake of renewable energy sources and energy storage devices are characteristic traits of the energy transition and require a transformation of the grid from uni-to bidirectional transmission. In addition to the implementation of the necessary physical changes within the grid, also sophisticated decision making plays a major role to make use of inherent flexibilities. To this end, optimization based control has demonstrated its potential on a microgrid level. In this paper, we consider a network of coupled microgrids. Using optimization necessitates several communication and optimization steps within the grid. We construct surrogate models by using Radial Basis Functions or Neural Networks to avoid this step. We prove the efficiency of the proposed methodology numerically based on real-data provided by an Australian distribution grid operator.
Extended Reactive Power Exchange With Faulty Cells in Grid-Tied Cascaded H-Bridge Converter for Solar Photovoltaic Application

Fault-tolerant operation is a key feature of grid-tied photovoltaic fed Cascaded H-Bridge converter, where the converter operates continuously with faulty bypassed cells. After bypassing the faulty cells, the number of healthy cells decreases, the available dc-link voltage reduces and active power among the phases become unequal. As a result, the converter produces unbalanced and distorted grid currents. Moreover, the maximum reactive power exchanged with the grid gets reduced with the available dc-link voltage. This article proposes a novel zero-sequence voltage injection technique for balancing the grid currents and preventing overmodulation in each cell of the converter. The proposed technique extends the reactive power capability of the converter during a postfault condition. Additionally, it also helps in equal active and reactive power flow in each phase of the converter. A new PWM clamping strategy is proposed in this article to implement the zero-sequence voltage addition in the converter. The proposed concept is verified through computer simulation and experimental results.