Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extreme Beam-forming with Impedance Metasurfaces Featuring Embedded Sources and Auxiliary Surface Wave Optimization

We present the end-to-end design of compact passive and lossless metasurface antennas with integrated feeds. The complete low-profile system consists of a single-layered reactive impedance metasurface on top of a grounded dielectric substrate, and is fed by sources which are embedded inside the substrate. The top impedance layer is implemented with an array of printed metallic wires, each of which is periodically loaded with subwavelength reactive elements (e.g. printed capacitors). An accurate and efficient volume-surface integral equation-based model of the device is developed, and used as the basis for the rapid optimization of the wire impedances, with the goal of producing the desired radiation characteristics. It is found that the optimized designs leverage tailored surface waves to facilitate the realization of extreme field transformations. In particular, we present surfaces capable of wide-angle beamforming up to 60° off-broadside with nearly 100% aperture efficiency. We also demonstrate a multi-input, multi-output, antenna with two embedded sources emitting independent beams at ±20°. The output beams each exhibits an aperture efficiency of around 90%, despite sharing the same physical aperture. Our design framework is supplemented by several feasibility-related constraints, which can significantly enhance the power efficiency as well as the bandwidth of the metasurface antennas when they are implemented in practice. Utilizing these constraints, a Chebyshev pattern antenna with a side lobe level of -20 dB is designed with realistic loaded wires and validated with full-wave simulations. The obtained radiation pattern confirms the ability of the developed framework for arbitrary beam-shaping. The realized power efficiency (limited by copper and dielectric losses) is over 93% and the 3-dB directivity bandwidth slightly over 6%.
Jamming Attacks in Wireless Networks

The commodity of the medium in wireless networks makes it easy for an adversary to launch a Wireless Denial of Service (WDoS) attack. A jammer can continually transmit a radio signal in order to block any access to the medium by legitimate wireless nodes. Jamming techniques can vary, from simple ones based on the continual transmission of interference signals, to more sophisticated that rely on exploiting the protocol used for communication among wireless devices. We illustrate various techniques that where introduced in order to detect the presence of an adversary node as well as the mechanisms proposed for protecting the network from such attacks.
An Approach to Detecting Bugs in Pattern-Based Bug Detectors

Static bug finders have been widely-adopted by developers to find bugs in real world software projects. They leverage predefined heuristic static analysis rules to scan source code or binary code of a software project, and report violations to these rules as warnings to be verified. However, the advantages of static bug finders are overshadowed by such issues as uncovered obvious bugs, false positives, etc. To improve these tools, many techniques have been proposed to filter out false positives reported or design new static analysis rules. Nevertheless, the under-performance of bug finders can also be caused by the incorrectness of current rules contained in the static bug finders, which is not explored yet. In this work, we propose a differential testing approach to detect bugs in the rules of four widely-used static bug finders, i.e., SonarQube, PMD, SpotBugs, and ErrorProne, and conduct a qualitative study about the bugs found. To retrieve paired rules across static bug finders for differential testing, we design a heuristic-based rule mapping method which combines the similarity in rules description and the overlap in warning information reported by the tools. The experiment on 2,728 open source projects reveals 46 bugs in the static bug finders, among which 24 are fixed or confirmed and the left are awaiting confirmation. We also summarize 13 bug patterns in the static analysis rules based on their context and root causes, which can serve as the checklist for designing and implementing other rules and or in other tools. This study indicates that the commonly-used static bug finders are not as reliable as they might have been envisaged. It not only demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach, but also highlights the need to continue improving the reliability of the static bug finders.
Observational constraints and predictions of the interacting dark sector with field-fluid mapping

We consider an interacting field theory model that describes the interaction between dark energy-dark matter interaction. Only for a specific interaction term, this interacting field theory description has an equivalent interacting fluid description. For inverse power law potentials and linear interaction function, we show that the interacting dark sector model with field-fluid mapping is consistent with four cosmological data sets — Hubble parameter measurements (Hz), Baryonic Acoustic Oscillation data (BAO), Supernova Type Ia data (SN), and High redshift HII galaxy measurements (HIIG). More specifically, these data sets prefer a negative value of interaction strength in the dark sector and lead to consistent best-fit values of Hubble constant and other cosmological parameters. Having established that this interacting field theory model is consistent with cosmological observations, we obtain quantifying tools to distinguish between the interacting and non-interacting dark sector scenarios. We focus on the variation of the scalar metric perturbed quantities as a function of redshift related to structure formation, weak gravitational lensing, and the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect. We show that the difference in the evolution becomes significant for z < 20, for all length scales, and the difference peaks at smaller redshift values z < 5. We then discuss the implications of our results for the upcoming missions.
Biomarker discovery studies for patient stratification using machine learning analysis of omics data: a scoping review

Objective To review biomarker discovery studies using omics data for patient stratification which led to clinically validated FDA-cleared tests or laboratory developed tests, in order to identify common characteristics and derive recommendations for future biomarker projects. Design Scoping review. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science to obtain a comprehensive list of articles from the biomedical literature published between January 2000 and July 2021, describing clinically validated biomarker signatures for patient stratification, derived using statistical learning approaches. All documents were screened to retain only peer-reviewed research articles, review articles or opinion articles, covering supervised and unsupervised machine learning applications for omics-based patient stratification. Two reviewers independently confirmed the eligibility. Disagreements were solved by consensus. We focused the final analysis on omics-based biomarkers which achieved the highest level of validation, that is, clinical approval of the developed molecular signature as a laboratory developed test or FDA approved tests. Results Overall, 352 articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The analysis of validated biomarker signatures identified multiple common methodological and practical features that may explain the successful test development and guide future biomarker projects. These include study design choices to ensure sufficient statistical power for model building and external testing, suitable combinations of non-targeted and targeted measurement technologies, the integration of prior biological knowledge, strict filtering and inclusion/exclusion criteria, and the adequacy of statistical and machine learning methods for discovery and validation. Conclusions While most clinically validated biomarker models derived from omics data have been developed for personalised oncology, first applications for non-cancer diseases show the potential of multivariate omics biomarker design for other complex disorders. Distinctive characteristics of prior success stories, such as early filtering and robust discovery approaches, continuous improvements in assay design and experimental measurement technology, and rigorous multicohort validation approaches, enable the derivation of specific recommendations for future studies.
A Low-Loss Ka-Band Distributed Metal-Air-Metal MEMS Phase Shifter

A 4-bit wideband distributed phase shifter has been developed for Ka-band operation. The design results show that the digital shifter has four basic phases of 11.25, 22.5, 45, 90 and thus 16 kinds of phase states can be constructed from the combination of them. The simulation results also demonstrates that the insertion coefficient is better than -1.37 dB, the phase error is less than 3.983 at 30GHz, and the reflection coefficient is lower than -10dB from 25GHz to 35GHz for each state. This low-loss distributed metal-air-metal MEMS phase shifter can be well applied to phased arrays. Streszczenie. W artykule opisano 4-bitowy szerokopasmowy przesuwnik fazy zaprojektowany do pasma Ka. Przesuwnik ma cztery ]glowne fazy: 11.25, 22.5, 45, 90 i 16 kombinacji miedzy nimi. Bląd jest mniejszy niz 3.983 przy 30GHz. (Szerokopasmowy przesuwnik fazy na pasmo Ka bazujący na ukladzie MEMS typu metal-powietrze –metal )
Recreational Physical Activity and Outcomes After Breast Cancer in Women at High Familial Risk

Abstract Background Recreational physical activity (RPA) is associated with improved survival after breast cancer (BC) in average-risk women, but evidence is limited for women who are at increased familial risk because of a BC family history or BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants (BRCA1/2 PVs). Methods We estimated associations of RPA (self-reported average hours per week within 3 years of BC diagnosis) with all-cause mortality and second BC events (recurrence or new primary) after first invasive BC in women in the Prospective Family Study Cohort (n = 4610, diagnosed 1993-2011, aged 22-79 years at diagnosis). We fitted Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for age at diagnosis, demographics, and lifestyle factors. We tested for multiplicative interactions (Wald test statistic for cross-product terms) and additive interactions (relative excess risk due to interaction) by age at diagnosis, body mass index, estrogen receptor status, stage at diagnosis, BRCA1/2 PVs, and familial risk score estimated from multigenerational pedigree data. Statistical tests were 2-sided. Results We observed 1212 deaths and 473 second BC events over a median follow-up from study enrollment of 11.0 and 10.5 years, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, RPA (any vs none) was associated with lower all-cause mortality of 16.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.4% to 27.9%) overall, 11.8% (95% CI = -3.6% to 24.9%) in women without BRCA1/2 PVs, and 47.5% (95% CI = 17.4% to 66.6%) in women with BRCA1/2 PVs (RPA*BRCA1/2 multiplicative interaction P = .005; relative excess risk due to interaction = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.01 to 1.74). RPA was not associated with risk of second BC events. Conclusion Findings support that RPA is associated with lower all-cause mortality in women with BC, particularly in women with BRCA1/2 PVs.
Research on the method of travel area clustering of urban public transport based on Sage-Husa adaptive filter and improved DBSCAN algorithm

The travel trajectory data of mobile intelligent terminal users are characterized by clutter, incompleteness, noise, fuzzy randomness. The accuracy of original data is an essential prerequisite for better results of trajectory data mining. The Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) is one of the most effective trajectory data mining methods, but the selection of input parameters often limits it. The Sage-Husa adaptive filtering algorithm effectively controls the error range of mobile phone GPS data, which can meet the positioning accuracy requirements for DBSCAN spatial clustering having the advantages of low cost and convenient use. Then, a novel cluster validity index was proposed based on the internal and external duty cycle to balance the influence of the distance within-cluster, the distance between clusters, and the number of coordinate points in the process of clustering. The index can automatically choose input parameters of density clustering, and the effective clustering can be formed on different data sets. The optimized clustering method can be applied to the in-depth analysis and mining of traveler behavior trajectories. Experiments show that the Sage -Husa adaptive filtering algorithm proposed further improves the positioning accuracy of GPS, which is 17.34% and 15.24% higher eastward and northward, 14.25%, and 18.17% higher in 2D and 3D dimensions, respectively. The number of noise points is significantly reduced. At the same time, compared with the traditional validity index, the evaluation index based on the duty cycle proposed can optimize the input parameters and obtain better clustering results of traveler location information.
Retraction: Genetic Polymorphism of Glucokinase on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Regulation: Evidence Based on 298, 468 Subjects

Following the publication of this article [1], the editorial team has become aware of a highly similar manuscript that was previously submitted for consideration in PLOS ONE and subsequently withdrawn by the authors. Despite high similarity between the two bodies of work, the authors and affiliations listed on the withdrawn submission are different from the authors and affiliations listed on the published article. The authors have not responded to communications regarding the similarity between the submissions and the authorship concerns. It remains unclear who conducted the research described in this article [1] and whether the listed authors met authorship criteria of the PLOS ONE policy. In light of the unresolved concerns the PLOS ONE Editors retract this article. The authors either did not respond directly or could not be reached.
Wide tuning range W-band Colpitts VCO in 90 nm CMOS

A compact wide tuning range design of a CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) at W-band frequencies is presented. The design employs a differential Colpitts configuration, using a bufferless transformer output and nested inductors. The gate bias is used for frequency tuning that achieves a wide range of 93.7–100.7 GHz. A peak output power of 4.7 dBm with power efficiency of 5.5% is achieved at 98.8 GHz and the phase noise is around −80 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset across the tuning range. The VCO uses a silicon area of 0.15 mm2 including pads and, depending on bias, consumes between 6–63 mW of DC power.
Life cycle analysis and production potential of camelina biodiesel in the Pacific Northwest.

Camelina sativa could be a potential feedstock to help meet the U.S. biodiesel production goal of 36 billion gallons by 2022, as set forth by Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. This research is focused on assessing the energy balance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of camelina biodiesel production in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) region of the U.S. Field data were collected from a camelina farm in the region, and crushing and transesterification data were measured using facilities at the University of Idaho. It was estimated that use of camelina biodiesel reduces GHG emissions by 69% compared to 2005 baseline diesel. However, camelina biodiesel does not meet the ASTM D6751 specification for oxidative stability without an additive. Camelina has a smaller seed size compared to canola and required 23% more energy for crushing. The net energy ratio for camelina biodiesel was found to be 3.6, and the fossil energy ratio was found to be 4.2. From an agronomic standpoint, camelina can be incorporated into low rainfall areas of the PNW as a rotational crop. Wheat areas of the PNW with annual rainfall of 19 to 38 cm that currently incorporate fallow into their rotations were considered as potential areas for camelina production. There were 846,500 ha (2.1 million acres) of land meeting the criteria in the region that could potentially produce 443.0 million L of biodiesel (117.1 million gal) and 1.2 billion kg of meal per year. This is 12.1% of the approved amount of camelina meal that could be used in livestock feed within the PNW. It was concluded that camelina biodiesel qualifies as an advanced biofuel, and camelina meal has potential to be consumed locally as a feed mix for livestock.
Mine Location Algorithm Based on Multiple Linear Regression

This paper put forward a mine location algorithm based on multiple linear regression, which using only simple RSSI value to get a higher location accuracy under long narrow and sensitive mine environment. General RSSI measurement method and its drawbacks are discussed in the paper. In order to acquire smaller location error, we filtered some abnormal RSSI data through Gaussian filter method. And we deduced regression equation according to multiple linear regression principle. Combined with training sample, we got their regression parameter. We did relevant location experiment again in the same environment---40m long and narrow bomb shelter which may imitate mine tunnel to a great extent, which shows that the total errors are limited in 3m and 75% errors are less than 2m. What’s more, it can be extended to infinite measuring range with the same set regression coefficient in similar environment.
Antithrombin III infusion improves anticoagulation in congenital diaphragmatic hernia patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Purpose Achieving effective anticoagulation during neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) without increasing the risk of hemorrhage remains challenging. The use of antithrombin III (AT-III) for this purpose has been examined, but studies have been limited to intermittent bolus dosing. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an institutionally developed AT-III continuous infusion protocol in neonates receiving ECMO for the treatment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Methods In this single center, retrospective study, all neonates with a CDH who received ECMO support during the study period were included. Data on anticoagulation labs and therapy, life-threatening bleeding, and circuit changes were analyzed. Results Eleven patients were divided into two groups: patients with AT-III continuous infusion (n = 5) and without (n = 6). There were no differences in the gestational age (p = 0.29), sex (p = 1.00), ECMO duration (p = 0.59), or initial AT-III levels (p = 0.76) between groups. Patients in the AT-III infusion group had on average 18.5% higher AT-III levels (p < 0.0001). Patients receiving continuous AT-III infusions spent a significantly higher percentage of ECMO time within the therapeutic range, measured using anti-Factor Xa levels (64.9±4.2% vs. 29.1±8.57%, p = 0.008), and required fewer changes to the heparin infusion rate (6.48±0.88 vs 2.38±0.36 changes/day changes/day, p = 0.005). Multivariate analysis revealed continuous infusion of AT-III did not increase the rate of intracranial or surgical bleeding (p = 0.27). Conclusion AT-III as a continuous infusion in CDH neonates on ECMO provides a decreased need to modify heparin infusion and more consistent therapeutic anticoagulation without increasing the risk of life-threatening bleeding.
Inductances Evaluation of a Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor with Curved Dynamic Eccentricity

Eccentricity faults more or less exist in all rotating electrical machines. This paper establishes a more precise model of dynamic eccentricity (DE) in electrical machines named as curved dynamic eccentricity. It is a kind of axial unequal eccentricity which has not been investigated in detail so far but occurs in large electrical machines. The inductances of a large three-phase squirrel-cage induction machine (SCIM) under different levels of curved DE conditions are evaluated using winding function approach (WFA). These inductances include the stator self and mutual inductances, rotor self and mutual inductances, and mutual inductances between stator phases and rotor loops. A comparison is made between the calculation results under curved DE and the corresponding pure DE conditions. It indicates that the eccentricity condition will be more terrible than the monitored eccentricity based on the conventional pure DE model.
Balanced and balun diplexers designed using center‐grounded uniform‐impedance resonators

A balanced diplexer and a balun diplexer, both with high isolation, are proposed in this article. First, a balanced bandpass filter (BPF) operating in GSM (with a center frequency of 1.92 GHz) and the other in WLAN (with a center frequency of 2.45 GHz) were designed using ordinary uniform‐impedance resonators (UIRs) and center‐grounded UIRs. Next, the two balanced BPFs were combined through two T‐junctions to form a six‐port balanced diplexer. Finally, a five‐port balun diplexer was obtained by removing from the balanced diplexer one of the two T‐junctions along with the microstrip feeding lines connected to it and by carefully adjusting the structural dimensions of the other T‐junction. A satisfactory agreement is validated between simulated and measured results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:555–559, 2014
Parameter estimation for induction machines based on sensitivity analysis

A mathematical method is described for estimating the equivalent circuit parameters of induction machines from the most readily available performance characteristics. The method utilizes machine equations to estimate the parameters and then performs sensitivity analyses with respect to the circuit parameters to match the given performance characteristics. An example is included to illustrate how well the performance of the estimated model matches that of the actual machine. <<ETX>>
Characterization, numerical analysis, and design of switched reluctance motors

Material productivity, design preciseness, and time to market are becoming critical in motor manufacturing and can be improved by detailed system design analysis and simulation within manufacturing tolerance. Design by analysis and simulation of switched reluctance motor (SRM) systems and the development method of a new design software are the subjects of this paper, with a focus on the main difficulties. The modeling of geometric, electromagnetic, control, mechanical, and thermal concerns is presented. The electromagnetic approaches include lumped-parameter analysis, finite-element analysis, and boundary-element analysis. The aspects of the study include the following: magnetization curves; controller characterization; system simulation; performance prediction; control system dynamics; vibration modes and frequencies; radial magnetic forces, stresses, and vibrations; and dynamic heat distribution and transfer.