Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of hospital encounters and associated economic burden of patients with major depressive disorder and acute suicidal ideation or behavior

ABSTRACT Objectives Relatively little is known about the hospital experience among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and acute suicidal ideation or behavior (MDSI). The objectives of this study were to examine hospital encounter characteristics, including the associated economic burden and risk of subsequent hospital encounters of patients with MDSI in the US. Methods In this retrospective analysis, patients ≥18 years of age with a hospital encounter (emergency department [ED] visit or inpatient admission) were selected from the de-identified Premier Hospital database between 1 January 2017 and 30 September 2018. Patients were required to have MDD as the primary and acute suicidal ideation or behavior as a secondary discharge diagnosis or vice versa. Patient demographics and characteristics of hospital encounters were examined. Rates and costs of subsequent all-cause and MDD-related hospital encounters 6 months following initial discharge were also evaluated. Results The study population consisted of 123,179 patients with a hospital encounter for MDSI (mean age: 38 years, 50.9% female, 74.6% White); 50.2% were treated in the ED only (mean ± standard deviation cost: $693±$630), while 49.8% were admitted as inpatients ($6,478±$7,001). Among those with ED visits, very few (7.0%) received an antidepressant (AD). Among those with an inpatient admission, 87.2% received ≥1 AD and 39.0% received AD augmentation. Overall rates and costs of subsequent all-cause and MDD-related hospital encounters were 22.3% ($5,136±$11,791) and 12.0% ($3,722±$9,621), respectively; nearly half of subsequent encounters (41.3% and 44.3%, respectively) occurred in the first month following initial discharge. Conclusions This analysis of patients with MDSI presenting to US hospitals shows heterogeneity in treatment and a concentration of costly subsequent hospital encounters within 1-month post discharge, suggesting that healthcare systems may benefit from examination of current care pathways for this vulnerable patient population.
Total evaporation estimates from a Renosterveld and dryland wheat/fallow surface at the Voëlvlei Nature Reserve (South Africa)

Accurate quantification of the water balance, in particular evapotranspiration, is fundamental in managing water resources, especially in semi-arid areas. The objective of this study was to compare evaporation from endemic vegetation – Renosterveld – and a dryland wheat/fallow cropping system. The study was carried out in the mid-reaches of the Berg River catchment (South Africa), characterised by dryland salinity. Measurements of total evaporation from these 2 land uses were carried out with large aperture scintillometers during window periods from 2005 to 2007. Total evaporation was measured to be higher in Renosterveld than in wheat during the rainy winter season. In the dry summer season, total evaporation from Renosterveld was limited by soil water supply, and vegetation was under water stress. Spatial variability of total evaporation from both wheat/fallow land and Renosterveld was estimated using the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) model for 3 climatically different years. The scintillometer measurements were used to determine basal crop coefficients for long-term (20 years) simulations with the HYDRUS-1D model to assess temporal variability in total evaporation. Long-term simulations indicated that well-established, deep-rooted Renosterveld uses 39% more water than the shallowrooted wheat/fallow system. A change in land use from Renosterveld to dryland annual crops could therefore affect the soil water balance, cause shallow saline groundwater tables and degradation of soil and water resources.
Looking Back to Move Forward: Canadian Occupational Therapy In Public Health, 1914–2019

Background. Decades of literature demonstrate that occupational therapy is well-suited to collaborate with public health due to overlapping views of health. However, there has been little collaboration between these professions with few examinations of why they remain distinct. Purpose. This study examines historical events that have led to the present-day separation of occupational therapy and public health. Method. This narrative review and thematic analysis of the scholarly, archival, and grey literature was conducted to examine the development of both fields. Findings. Fifty texts were analyzed revealing four themes: the influence of structural and social forces; professional, societal, and institutional hindrances; potential for a shared vision; and next steps for integration. These themes highlight historical barriers to collaboration and provide evidence that occupational therapy could benefit public health. Implications. Collaboration between occupational therapy and public health has many potential benefits, however new approaches to bridge the divide are needed to advance collaboration.
Novel NDUFA12 variants are associated with isolated complex I defect and variable clinical manifestation

Isolated biochemical deficiency of mitochondrial complex I is the most frequent signature among mitochondrial diseases and is associated with a wide variety of clinical symptoms. Leigh syndrome represents the most frequent neuroradiological finding in patients with complex I defect and more than 80 monogenic causes have been involved in the disease. In this report, we describe seven patients from four unrelated families harboring novel NDUFA12 variants, with six of them presenting with Leigh syndrome. Molecular genetic characterization was performed using next‐generation sequencing combined with the Sanger method. Biochemical and protein studies were achieved by enzymatic activities, blue native gel electrophoresis, and western blot analysis. All patients displayed novel homozygous mutations in the NDUFA12 gene, leading to the virtual absence of the corresponding protein. Surprisingly, despite the fact that in none of the analyzed patients, NDUFA12 protein was detected, they present a different onset and clinical course of the disease. Our report expands the array of genetic alterations in NDUFA12 and underlines phenotype variability associated with NDUFA12 defect.
Dating Aggression among Court-Involved Adolescents: Prevalence, Offense Type, and Gender

Adolescents involved in the juvenile justice system face a variety of risk factors that are associated with more frequent and severe experiences of aggression within romantic relationships as compared to community samples. The current study examines the nature and characteristics of adolescent dating violence (ADV) among first-time offense court-involved non-incarcerated (CINI) adolescents. A sample of 199 male and female CINI adolescents (58% male; M age = 15.05) who had a first-time, open status (e.g., truancy, curfew violation) and/or delinquent petition (e.g., assault, breaking, and entering). Overall, CINI adolescents reported prevalence rates of ADV consistent with community samples of adolescents. Females reported higher perpetration than did males in the sample of physical abuse and social networking abuse, as well as higher victimization of social networking abuse. Only one difference was found by offense type. CINI females report an increased risk for dating violence, though the cause of these gender differences is unclear. Findings also highlight that risk for ADV does not differ by offense type, suggesting that prevention efforts targeting ADV at the earliest possible intervention point, regardless of first-time offense type or severity, may be especially impactful.
Glypican-1 is a novel immunohistochemical marker to differentiate poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma from solid predominant adenocarcinoma of the lung

Background The histological classification of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is essential in determining new cancer-specific targeted therapies. However, the accurate typing of poorly differentiated is difficult, particularly for poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung with limited immunohistochemical markers. Thus, novel immunohistochemical markers are required. We assumed the possibility of the immunohistochemical expression of glypican-1 in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Methods The microarray dataset GSE43580 from Gene Expression Omnibus database were analyzed for confirming the gene expression of glypican-1 in lung squamous cell carcinoma. We immunohistochemically investigated the use of glypican-1 as a novel positive diagnostic marker for lung squamous cell carcinoma. Glypican-1 expression in 63 cases of poorly differentiated lung squamous cell carcinoma and 60 cases of solid predominant lung adenocarcinoma was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, we compared glypican-1 expression with the expressions of p40, cytokeratin 5/6, thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), and napsin A. Results All 63 cases of lung squamous cell carcinoma showed glypican-1 expression. In contrast, only 2 cases of lung adenocarcinoma showed glypican-1 expression. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of glypican-1 expression for differentiating lung squamous cell carcinoma from lung adenocarcinoma were 100%, 96.7%, and 98.4%, respectively. These were similar to those of p40 and significantly better than those of CK 5/6. Conclusions We recommend the use of glypican-1 as an additional positive marker of lung squamous cell carcinoma.
A kinetic method for para-nitrophenol determination based on its inhibitory effect on the catalatic reaction of catalase

AbstractThe inhibitory effect of para-nitrophenol on the catalytic reaction of catalase was investigated. Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters were determined from Lineweaver-Burk plots obtained in the absence or in the presence of the inhibitor. The inhibitor pattern, revealed by the Lineweaver-Burk plots, suggested a fully mixed inhibition mechanism. Spectrophotometric monitoring of the indicator reaction: $$H_2 O_2 \xrightarrow{{catalase,para - nitrophenol}}H_2 O + \tfrac{1}{2}O_2 $$ in conjunction with initial rate measurements was employed for the kinetic determination of the inhibitor. Calibration plots of initial rate vs. para-nitrophenol concentration were linear in the concentration range 0.9·10−5–2.5·10−5 mol/L and the detection limit was 3·10−6 mol/L (417 μg/L) para-nitrophenol. Interferences from other phenolic compounds like orto-cresole, meta-and orto-nitrophenol were observed.
The Assessment of the Platelet Function During the Acute Phase of ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Essential Thrombocythemia

We encountered a case of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) as the first clinical manifestation of essential thrombocythemia (ET). Platelet function tests revealed high thrombogenicity during primary percutaneous coronary intervention compared with general cardiovascular patients, whereas the platelet function two weeks after admission was effectively suppressed by dual antiplatelet therapy. The patient, who lacked cytoreduction, suffered from recurrent STEMI because of poor compliance with antiplatelet drugs. The risk of acute coronary occlusion may be high during the acute phase of STEMI in ET patients because of high thrombogenicity. Insufficient antiplatelet therapy and no cytoreduction are also risk factors for recurrent coronary events.
Impairment in Activities of Daily Living and Unmet Need for Care Among Older Adults: A Population-Based Study From Burkina Faso

Abstract Objectives The importance of impairment in performing activities of daily living (ADL) is likely to increase in sub-Saharan Africa because few care options for affected people exist. This study investigated the prevalence of ADL impairment, the extent to which care need was met, and described characteristics of people with ADL impairment and unmet need in Burkina Faso. Methods This study used data from the Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna Heidelberg Aging Study, a population-based study among 3,026 adults aged older than 40 years conducted in rural Burkina Faso. Information on 6 basic ADL items was sought, with a follow-up question asking whether care need was not met, partially met, or met. Bivariable correlations and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine sociodemographic and health characteristics associated with ADL impairment and unmet need. Results ADL impairment of any kind was reported by 1,202 (39.7%) respondents and was associated with older age (adjusted odds ratio: 1.05 [95% CI: 1.04–1.06]), being a woman (1.33 [1.06–1.60]), and reporting depressive symptoms (1.90 [1.65–2.18]). Among those with ADL impairment, 67.8% had at least one unmet need. Severe ADL impairment was found in 202 (6.7%) respondents, who reported a lower prevalence of unmet need (43.1%). Severe ADL impairment was associated with depressive symptoms (2.55 [2.11–3.07]) to a stronger degree than any ADL impairment. Discussion Prevalence of ADL impairment and unmet need was high in this setting. Variation in impairment across the population highlighted key groups for future interventions. Unmet need for care was highest in middle-aged adults, indicating a gap in care provision.
Triptolide inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype through the p70S6k/GSK3/β-catenin signaling pathway in taxol-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma

Background Chemotherapy is one of the primary treatments for both small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however, chemoresistance develops over time and is a bottleneck to effective chemotherapy worldwide. Therefore, the development of new potent therapeutic agents to overcome chemoresistance is of utmost importance. Triptolide is a natural component extracted from Tripterygium Wilfordii, a Chinese plant; our study aimed to evaluate its anti-tumor effects in taxol-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma and investigate its molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance. Methods Triptolide’s inhibition of cell viability was detected by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry and cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and western blot. Expression of β-catenin was analyzed by western blot and immunofluorescence (IF). The anti-tumor effects of triptolide were determined using a subcutaneous in-vivo model. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively. The expression level of p-p70S6K and p-GSK-3α/β was evaluated by western blot and IHC. Results Triptolide inhibited cell proliferation, induced S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in taxol-resistant A549 (A549/TaxR) cells. Moreover, intraperitoneal injection of triptolide resulted in a significant delay of tumor growth without obvious systemic toxicity in mice. Additionally, triptolide reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through repression of the p70S6K/GSK3/β-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusions Our study provides evidence that triptolide can reverse EMT in taxol-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells and impairs tumor growth by inhibiting the p70S6K/GSK3/β-catenin pathway, indicating that triptolide has potential to be used as a new therapeutic agent for taxol-resistant lung adenocarcinoma.
Neurogenesis and the development of neural sex differences in vocal control regions of songbirds

The brain regions that control the learning and production of song and other learned vocalizations in songbirds exhibit some of the largest sex differences in the brain known in vertebrates and are associated with sex differences in singing behavior. Song learning takes place through multiple stages: an early sensory phase when song models are memorized, followed by a sensorimotor phase in which auditory feedback is used to modify song output through subsong, plastic song, to adult crystalized song. However, how patterns of neurogenesis in these brain regions change through these learning stages, and differ between the sexes, is little explored. We collected brains from 63 young male and female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) over four stages of song learning. Using neurogenesis markers for cell division (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), neuron migration (doublecortin), and mature neurons (neuron‐specific nuclear protein), we demonstrate that there are sex‐specific changes in neurogenesis over song development that differ between the caudal motor pathway and anterior forebrain pathway of the vocal control circuit. In many of these regions, sex differences emerged very early in development, by 25 days post hatch, at the beginning of song learning. The emergence of sex differences in other components of the system was more gradual and had specific trajectories depending on the brain region and its function. In conclusion, we found that sex differences occurred early and continued during song learning. Moreover, transitions from the different phases of song development do not seem to depend on large changes in neurogenesis in the vocal control areas measured.
Effects of lower thoracic sympathicotomy on plantar hyperhidrosis

Background The purpose of this study was to investigate whether performing lower thoracic sympathicotomy (LTS) from T10 to T12 affects plantar hyperhidrosis in patients with palmo-plantar (PP) or palmo-axillary-plantar (PAP) hyperhidrosis. Methods Between January 2015 and January 2020, all consecutive patients with primary hyperhidrosis who underwent bilateral thoracoscopic sympathicotomy and met the inclusion criteria were included. Sympathicotomy was performed using one of the following two methods: the conventional upper thoracic vs. expanded thoracic sympathicotomy. In the expanded thoracic sympathicotomy, we expanded the level of sympathicotomy ranging from R5 to R12 in addition to the conventional upper thoracic sympathicotomy (R3 or R4). In cases of the expanded thoracic sympathicotomy, we defined the LTS as a sympathicotomy of the levels ranging from R10 to R12, which are related to plantar hyperhidrosis. Results A total of 103 subjects with PP (71 cases) or PAP (32 cases) hyperhidrosis were included. Palmar or axillary hyperhidrosis in all patients were alleviated after sympathicotomy. There was no difference in sweating decrease or CH according to the hyperhidrosis types or sympathicotomy techniques. In addition, no-LTS was performed in 77 cases and LTS was performed in 26 cases. In the no-LTS group, there were 65 and 12 cases of low and high degrees of CH, respectively. In the LTS group, there were 22 and four cases of low and high degrees of CH, respectively. There was no significant difference in CH between the no-LTS and LTS groups (P=0.981). Improvement in plantar hyperhidrosis in the no-LTS group was observed in 29 of 77 cases, while improvement in plantar hyperhidrosis in the LTS group was observed in 16 of 26 cases. The addition of LTS lead to significant improvement in plantar hyperhidrosis (P=0.034). Conclusions Performing LTS is a safe and feasible procedure that improved plantar sweating more so than it did in cases that did not undergo LTS. Therefore, we cautiously suggest that adding LTS helps in the treatment of plantar hyperhidrosis combined with palmar hyperhidrosis. Further studies on LTS are needed to validate these findings and will be helpful in establishing management guidelines.
Carotid artery calcification in panoramic radiographs associates with oral infections and mortality.

Aim To study the prevalence of carotid artery calcification (CAC) in relation to apical and marginal periodontitis, subgingival dysbiotic bacterial species and serum and saliva immune responses against them. In addition, the aim was to analyze the association of CAC with angiographically verified coronary artery disease (CAD) and mortality. Methodology In the present random Parogene cohort, the patients had an indication for coronary angiography. Apical and marginal periodontitis were diagnosed in clinical and radiographic oral examinations, and CAC on panoramic radiographies (n=492). Presence and severity of CAD were registered from angiography. Subgingival dysbiotic bacterial species were quantitated using checkerboard DNA-DNA-hybridization, and serum and saliva antibody levels were determined by immunoassays. The cohort was followed-up for 10 years or until death (median 9.9, range 0.21-10.4) via linkage to the national death register. The statistical models were adjusted for age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Results A total of 102 (20.7%) patients had detectable CAC, which was moderate in 81 (16.4%) and severe in 21 (4.3%). CAC was associated (OR, 95% CI) with severe apical periodontitis (2.25, 1.15-4.41), root canal fillings (1.15, 1.04-1.26), alveolar bone loss (2.66, 1.21-5.84), severe periodontal inflammation (2.23, 1.11-4.47), high level of gram-negative subgingival species (2.73, 1.34-5.50), saliva IgG against dysbiotic species (1.05, 1.01-1.10 / unit), and severe (2.58, 1.36-4.90) and chronic (2.13, 1.15-3.93) CAD. A total of 105 (20.7%) patients died during the follow-up and 53 (10.4%) deaths were because of cardiovascular diseases
The Recumbent Position Affects Nasal Resistance: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Nasal diseases are among the main motives for the early discontinuation of continuous positive airway pressure therapy and for long‐term therapeutic compliance with mandibular advancement device. Although our clinical experience leads us to the belief that recumbency impacts nasal airflow in some patient populations, there is no consensus regarding the magnitude of this effect and the specific group of patients who are the most affected by this condition. In this study, we conducted a meta‐analysis to assess the effect of the recumbent position on nasal resistance and nasal airflow.
Preparation and characterization of wheat straw biochar loaded with aluminium/lanthanum hydroxides: a novel adsorbent for removing fluoride from drinking water

ABSTRACT In this work, a novel adsorbent of aluminium/lanthanum loaded wheat straw biochar (Al-La-WSB), was prepared by using a facile approach and used for fluoride removal. The Al-La-WSB and its pristine wheat straw biochar (WSB) were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) methods. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate adsorbent performance, the highest removal rate was observed at pH 9, contact time of 7 h and Al-La-WSB dose of 1 g L−1. Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model fitted the experimental data well. The maximum fluoride adsorption capacity of Al-La-WSB at different experiment temperature of 298, 308 and 318 K, was 51.28 mg g–1, 46.73 mg g–1 and 50.25 mg g–1, respectively, which was better than most reported adsorbents. The Al-La-WSB performed well over a considerable wide pH range of 3–10 and carried positive charge at pH < 4.8. The presence co-existing ions of SO4 2−, HCO3 −, Cl− and NO3 − had a minor impact on fluoride adsorption besides PO4 3−. Regeneration experiment results showed that the Al-La-WSB had an excellent reusability. According to the adsorbent characterization and batch adsorption experiment, the adsorption of fluoride on the Al-La-WSB was primarily a chemisorption, involving electrostatic interactions and ion exchange, which nitrate ion and hydroxyl played a major role. The results suggested that the Al-La-WSB could be a great adsorbent for removing fluoride from drinking water. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT