Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A moissanite cell apparatus for optical in situ observation of crystallizing melts at high temperature

Abstract An experimental apparatus is described that allows for optical in situ observation of samples at 1 bar and temperatures up to 1250 °C for durations up to several days. The apparatus resembles a Bassett-type externally heated diamond cell, where the diamond anvils are replaced by cylinders of synthetic moissanite (SiC). The sample is placed inside a gasket of glassy carbon between the two moissanite windows. The moissanite cell allows for the direct and continuous observation of the sample with an optical resolution in the range of a few micrometers. Partially molten systems can be investigated during cooling-heating cycles within a single experimental run. Texture evolution can be observed continuously through time. The technique also allows for direct measurements of crystal growth and dissolution rates at defined cooling and heating rates. The method was tested by observing the crystallization of KNO3-LiNO3 and NaCl-KCl salt melts as well as of a basaltic-trachyandesitic melt. Dendrite formation, static grain growth, and dissolution were observed in the salt melts. During textural coarsening (static grain growth) of rock salt in the presence of melt, grain coalescence was observed. Both nitrate and rock salt grains growing in contact with melt generally showed curved boundaries and roundish shapes, rather than facets. In one experiment, the final texture did not contain any traces of the previous textural evolution anymore. In a basaltic trachyandesite at temperatures near the liquidus several phenomena, in particular the interactions between crystals, magmatic flow and bubbles during nucleation, growth and dissolution of crystals, and crystal-clusters were observed simultaneously. Crystal growth rates and dissolution rates were also measured
Study on Bandwidth of 2-D Dielectric PBG Material

�H by extending Bloch theorem to the vector field Maxwell equations, the characteristics of 2-D dielectric rod array with square cross-section elements arranged in square lattice is analyzed in detail. From the numerical results, empirical expressions for both the relative bandwidth of frequency band gap and the midgap frequency with respect to the average permittivity, under the optimal filling fraction of dielectric/air in cross-section for wider bandwidth, are formulated by means of data fit.
The effect of quality of information on systematic risk

Article history: Received May 5, 2013 Received in revised format 10 July 2013 Accepted 12 July 2013 Available online July 14 2013 One of the primary concerns on stock market is the risk associated with securities. There are different attempts devoted to detect and reduce any existing risk and provide necessary action to reduce them as much as possible. In this paper, we study the relationship between quality of earnings and systematic risk as well as cost of capital. The proposed study of this paper uses the information of 150 firms listed on Tehran Stock Exchange and using multiple regression technique examines two hypotheses based on yearly information over the period 2007-2011. The results of our survey indicate that as the quality of earnings increase, the risk as well as the cost of capital decrease. © 2013 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Application Perspectives of the Leaf Area Index (LAI) Estimated by the Hemiview System in Forestry

Abstract Leaf area index (LAI) is widely used to describe the main characteristics of forest stands such as cover intensity at different forest levels from moss to tree as well as main stand dendrometric parameters. Hemispherical canopy photograph was used for analyzing quality and quantity of coniferous forest in Aukstaitija national park. Different sampling systems from single plots to aggregating them into stands allowed assessing significance of LAI detected by the HemiView system in forestry without special preparation. The obtained data revealed that the use of hemispheric photograph for LAI estimation in multi-aged and multi-layered mature and over mature pine and spruce stands was rather problematic. Only cover intensity of understory vegetation (grasses and mosses) was reflected best. In pure pine stands LAI also significantly reflected spatial changes in cover intensity of shrubs, grasses and mosses levels and in addition - spatial changes in main dendrometric stand parameters. Key findings - significant relationships between LAI detected in November and pine needle litterfall over September-October. It allowed detecting significance of LAI in mass balance of the main nutritional and contaminant components calculations. LAI increase by 1 m2 m−2 increased total litterfall amount by 1.7 t ha−1 in a pure mature pine forest. The obtained results indicated good perspectives of LAI detected by HemiView system in forestry even without special their preparation.
Design Science Research: Building evaluation into the construction of indigenous cultural artefacts in New Zealand

There is increasing interest in the technological construction of the cultural artefact. However the uptake of technology may be coming at a cost to the historical values sincere to cultural groups. This paper reports on evaluation techniques applied towards a recent research effort delivering a virtual reality experience that embraced the traditions of indigenous Maori within a learning, language and cultural context. A 3D computer generated artefact was constructed portraying an indigenous Maori mythological story able to interact with cultural objects using Design Science Research (DSR) as a research method, then evaluated as a cultural deployment using an array of evaluation techniques. This article expands the research material available to cultural research in DSR, as well as demonstrating how DSR evaluation can be viewed during the construction of an indigenous cultural artefact.
The holographic universe

We present a holographic description of four-dimensional single-scalar inflationary universes in terms of a three-dimensional quantum field theory (QFT). The holographic description correctly reproduces standard inflationary predictions in their regime of applicability. In the opposite case, wherein gravity is strongly coupled at early times, we propose a holographic description in terms of perturbative QFT and present models capable of satisfying the current observational constraints while exhibiting a phenomenology distinct from standard inflation. This provides a qualitatively new method for generating a nearly scale-invariant spectrum of primordial cosmological perturbations.
Production and nutritional characteristics of pearl millet and Paiaguas palisadegrass under different forage systems and sowing periods in the offseason

The intercropping of annual crops with perennial grasses is a production system that is frequently adopted in the Midwest region of Brazil due to its economic viability resulting from the use of the same area for agriculture and livestock. Most agriculture-livestock integration studies have evaluated the use of forage of the genus Urochloa in intercropped systems with corn, sorghum and sunflower. Consequently, there is a lack of information regarding pearl millet cultivation when grown simultaneously with tropical forages. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of pearl millet Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br as well as the production and nutritional characteristics of Paiaguas palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Paiaguas) under different forage systems and sowing periods in the offseason. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Institute of Goias, Rio Verde campus. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement and three replications. There were two sowing periods (February and March) and five forage systems: monocropped pearl millet; monocropped Paiaguas palisadegrass; pearl millet intercropped in rows with Paiaguas palisadegrass; pearl millet intercropped between rows of Paiaguas palisadegrass and pearl millet oversown and intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass. The results indicated that the Paiaguas palisadegrass did not affect the pearl millet grain yield, indicating that the intercropping of pearl millet and Paiaguas palisadegrass in the offseason is a promising cultivation technique for the production of grains during the offseason in Southeastern Goias. However, the second sowing period provided better grain yields and a higher number of sacks per hectare. With respect to forage yield, the Paiaguas palisadegrass sown in oversown pearl millet was impaired by the intercropping and produced low forage yield. With respect to forage quality, the intercropped sowing system did not affect the nutritional characteristics of the Paiaguas palisadegrass. Key words: Urochloa brizantha, agriculture-livestock integration, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.
Registry-dependent interlayer potential for graphitic systems

Standard applications of density functional theory do not adequately describe the exfoliation energy of graphite. In fact, the local density approximation LDA and generalized gradient approximation GGA are in qualitative disagreement: the LDA binds at the experimental lattice constant, whereas the GGA does not. However, the variation in the energy under interlayer shifts, due predominantly to the overlap of orbitals not dispersion interactions , is nearly identical in these approximations. We combine these results with experimental information on the exfoliation energy to create an improved registry-dependent classical potential for the interlayer interaction in graphitic structures.
The Method of a Gene Sequence Alignment BWT Index Based on Hadoop

Gene sequence alignment, used to recognize the homology and variability in different species, is an important part of Bioinformatics. Creating indexes is a crucial step of gene sequence alignment algorithm. Usual algorithms of creating indexes are divided into two types. The first is algorithm based on hash table, while another is based on suffix tree or suffix array, among which BWT (Burrows-Wheeler Transform) index is a significant index structure. Currently, BWT index needs several hours’ serial computing in building a large genome sequence (such as human genome sequence). A parallel computing method based on Hadoop is presented is this paper to build suffix array and BWT index. Map Reduce is adopted as a type of data processing function, cutting suffix array into block, which will be handled separately. Ultimately, totally ordered suffix array and BWT index are output, reducing the time in building index. Meanwhile, verifying the effectiveness of the algorithm by experiments.
Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Failure and Associated Factors in Patients Treated by Antiretroviral in the National Teaching Hospital of Cotonou

Objectives: To determine the frequency of the chronic kidney failure (CKF) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral treatment (ART) and to identify associated factors. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study, conducted in the Outpatient Centre of PLHIV in the National Teaching Hospital of Cotonou from April to July of 2013. Were included, PLHIV aged over 16 years, taking ART for at least three months and having in their file, creatinine at ART initiation. Creatinine was performed at inclusion in the study. Proteinuria was sought on the strip. Chronic kidney failure was defined as creatinine clearance calculated according to Cockcroft-Gault less than 60mL/min for at least 3 months. Factors associated were searched by logistic regression univariate and multivariate analysis. Confidence intervals were calculated at 95% and alpha level was 5%. Results: A total of 480 patients participated in the study (73.3% women; mean age 41.4 ± 9.16 years, in school: 64.6%). The prevalence of chronic kidney failure was 18.7%. The main factors associated in univariate analysis were age (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), educational level (p=0.03), the exposure time to ART (p<0.001) and the loss of kidney function at the initiation of ART (p<0.001); in multivariate analysis: age (p<0.001), sex (p<0.001), the body mass index (p<0.001), the loss of kidney function at ART initiation (p=0.034) and didanosine (p=0.007). Discussion and Conclusion: The prevalence of chronic kidney failure in patients receiving ART is high. The creatinine serum in biological monitoring in the ART or better to determine the glomerular filtration rate among PLHIV at least every six (6) months remains a necessity.
Follow That Tune : Adaptive Approach to DTW-based Query-by-Humming System

Dynamic Time Warping is a standard algorithm used for matching time series irrespective of local tempo variations. Its application in the context of Query-by-Humming interface to multimedia databases requires providing of independence transposition, which involves some additional, sometimes computationally expensive processing and may not guarantee the success, e.g., in the presence of a pitch trend or accidental key changes. The method of tune following , proposed in this paper, enables solving of the pitch alignment problem in an adaptive way inspired by the human ability of ignoring typical errors occurring in sung melodies. The experimental validation performed on the database containing 4431 queries and over 5000 templates confirmed the enhancement introduced by the proposed algorithm in terms of the global recognition rate.
Io: Loki Patera as a magma sea

[1] We develop a physical model for Loki Patera as a magma sea. We calculate the total volume of magma moving through the Loki Patera volcanic system every resurfacing cycle (∼540 days) and the resulting variation in thermal emission. The rate of magma solidification at times reaches 3 × 106 kg s−1, with a total solidified volume averaging 100 km3 yr−1. A simulation of gas physical chemistry evolution yields the crust porosity profile and the timescale when it will become dense enough to founder in a manner consistent with observations. The Loki Patera surface temperature distribution shows that different areas are at different life cycle stages. On a regional scale, however, there can be coordinated activity, indicated by the wave of thermal change which progresses from Loki Patera's SW quadrant toward the NE at a rate of ∼1 km d−1. Using the observed surface temperature distribution, we test several mechanisms for resurfacing Loki Patera, finding that resurfacing with lava flows is not realistic. Only the crustal foundering process is consistent with observations. These tests also discovered that sinking crust has a “heat deficit” which promotes the solidification of additional magma onto the sinking plate (“bulking up”). In the limiting case, the mass of sinking material can increase to a mass of ∼3 times that of the foundering plate. With all this solid matter sinking, there is a compensating upward motion in the liquid magma. This can be in excess of 2 m yr−1. In this manner, solid-liquid convection is occurring in the sea.
The demonstratives in modern Japanese *

* We would like to thank Yuki Kuroda for his pioneering work on the topic dealt with here as well as his comments and discussion. We are also grateful to Tami Kaplan and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions on an earlier version of this paper. The comments and suggestions by Bill McClure, Emi Mukai, and Kiyoko Kataoka on the pre-final version of the paper have also resulted in much improvement. The content of this paper has been presented at various places, including USC (1998-2001), ATR (November 2000), and Nanzan University (December 2000), and we would like to thank the audiences there for their feedback. The regular disclaimers apply. This work has been supported in part by (i) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research: International Scientific Research (Joint Research), "Comparative Syntax of Japanese, Korean, Chinese and English," Project No. 08044009, Japanese Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, April 1996-March 1999 and (ii) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, "Theoretical and empirical studies of ellipsis: Toward the establishment of generative grammar as an empirical science," Grant No. 12410128. 1 A more exhaustive paradigm of Japanese demonstratives is given in (i). (i) KoSoAko-re 'this thing' ko-tira 'this way' ko-tti 'this way' ko-ko 'this place' ko-itu 'this guy' so-re so-tira so-tti so-ko so-itu a-re a-tira a-tti a-soko a-itu
GEOPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CHICXULUB IMPACT CRATER

Geophysical data indicate that the 65.5 million years ago Chicxulub impact structure is a multi‐ring basin, with three sets of semicontinuous, arcuate ring faults and a topographic peak ring (PR). Slump blocks define a terrace zone, which steps down from the inner rim into the annular trough. Fault blocks underlie the PR, which exhibits variable relief, due to target asymmetries. The central structural uplift is >10 km, and the Moho is displaced by 1–2 km. The working hypothesis for the formation of Chicxulub is: a 50 km radius transient cavity, lined with melt and impact breccia, formed within 10 s of the impact, and within minutes, weakened rebounding crust rose kilometers above the surface, the transient crater rim underwent localized deformation and collapsed into large slump blocks, resulting in a inner rim at 70–85 km radius, and outer ring faults at 70–130 km radius. The overheightened structural uplift collapsed outward, buried the inner slump blocks, and formed the PR. Most of the impact melt was ultimately emplaced as a coherent <3 km thick melt sheet within the central basin that shallows within the inner regions of the PR. Smaller pockets of melt flowed into the annular trough. Subsequently, slope collapse, ejecta, ground surge, and tsunami waves infilled the annular trough and annular basin with sediments up to 3 km and 900 m thick, respectively. Testing this working hypothesis requires direct observation of the impactites, within and adjacent to the PR and central basin.
Does a country’s financial and legal systems contemporaneously impact the governance and performance relationship: Further evidence?

We investigate the impact of continuous measures of the financial system and investor protection on the corporate governance-performance relationship. We find that shareholder suits rights/stock market capitalization (disclosure rights/stock market capitalization) has monotonic (non-monotonic) relation with firm performance and that high-levels of stock market capitalization and investor protection generate valuation synergies. Besides interactions of financial and legal systems with corporate governance, market(bank-) orientation and development and stronger (weaker) investor protection along with better (worse) corporate governance are associated with higher (lower) valuations. A country’s migration to a developed stock market with enhanced investor protection is related to better corporate governance and firm performance.
Corporate Governance and Financial Performance: Theoretical and Philosophical Predicaments in Research

Theories and philosophical approaches in research are crucial to the understanding of the overall perspective from which the study is designed and carried out. However, inconsistencies in theory and duality in philosophical paradigms leads to predicaments as to which approach is suitable in a certain area of inquiry. This paper examines some of the theoretical and philosophical predicaments faced by researchers in corporate governance. This is achieved by identifying and discussing controversies in theories and philosophical approaches applicable in corporate governance studies. A review of theoretical literature shows lack of a unitary perspective to explain the relationship between corporate governance and firm financial performance. Consequently, researchers may have to adopt a multi-theory approach by taking views of property rights agency, resource based and stewardship and stakeholder’s theories to understand different perspectives of corporate governance. The multiplicity of theories and inconsistencies of expected relationships between variables also creates dilemma to researchers in predicting the relationships between corporate governance variables and firm performance. The duality of philosophical paradigms and divergent assumptions of ways of knowing also creates dilemma as to which is the best approach to apply in corporate governance research. This study found that most corporate governance studies opts for objectivism position in ontology which leads to positivism view in epistemology, associated with value free axiology, deductive approach and application of quantitative methods . This is in contrasts to the choice of subjectivism position in ontology which leads to the selection of interpretivism stance in epistemology and consequently value laden position in axiology. Subjective approach also leads to inductive approach and application of qualitative methods of data collection and analysis. It is therefore concluded that identification of ontology at the start of the research process is crucial in determining the choice of the research design. Keywords: Corporate Governance, Theory, Philosophy,
Maintenance therapy with infliximab for paediatric Crohn’s disease: impact on clinical remission and mucosal healing in Polish paediatric patients with severe Crohn’s disease

Introduction: Infliximab (IFX) is currently registered for use in Crohn’s disease (CD) in children over 7 years of age. So far, there are not enough satisfactory data on maintenance therapy with IFX in children with CD from Eastern and Medium Europe. Aim: Therefore, we carried out this trial in order to assess the benefit of maintenance therapy with infliximab in paediatric patients with active Crohn’s disease who responded to induction therapy with 3 doses of infliximab. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 32 CD children aged 14.8; 12.9; 16.3 (median; Q1; Q3) with active Crohn’s disease (Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (PCDAI) > 30) who have finished induction therapy with infliximab (5 mg/ kg) in three repeated infusions. After assessment of remission at week 10, patients were assigned repeat 5 mg/kg infliximab every 8 weeks thereafter until week 46; weeks 14, 22, 30, 38, 46. The clinical activity of the disease by means of the PCDAI and endoscopic activity by means of the SES-CD together with laboratory tests were assessed at week 10 and 50. Adverse events monitoring had been conducted. Descriptive data analysis was performed with Statistica (StatSoft Polska) ver. 5.11 software package. A non-parametric statistical hypothesis test, Mann-Whitney U test, was used to assess whether two independent samples of observations had equally large values. Value of p < 0.05 was regarded as significant. Streszczenie
JPEG 2000, an adapted compression method for ultrasound images ? A comparative study

This paper presents an evaluation of various compression techniques, for ultrasound images transmission, within a telemedicine project. For this work, we selected six lossless compression methods and three lossy ones among which the new image standard JPEG2000. We compared these techniques, thanks to mean square error and coding time measurements, to determine which one would provide the best compromise between coding performance and image quality measured.
Using Post-Treatment Variables to Establish Upper Bounds on Causal Eects

We propose an adjustment based on post-treatment variables for pair matching estimators of the average treatment eect on the treated. Under relatively weak conditions, this adjusted estimator will provide an upper bound for the eect. Additionally, this approach allows for unbounded outcome variables and multiple mechanisms by which the treatment has an eect on the outcome. We also demonstrate that this adjustment will reduce the estimated eect in a wide variety of circumstances, and therefore, when the assumptions for the adjusted estimator are preferable to the assumptions for the unadjusted estimator, the adjustment can be used as a robustness check.