Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of adding biochar on the properties and nitrogen bioavailability of an acidic soil

Biochar has attracted global attention because of its widespread application to improve soil quality and enhance soil productivity. Five types of biochar were prepared from peanut shells at 200–600°C by slow pyrolysis, and their physicochemical properties were investigated. Biochar was produced at 300 and 400°C, PBC300 and PBC400, respectively. The two forms of biochar were evaluated as soil amendments with an incubation and a pot experiment in a soil that had become acidified because of excessive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers. The PBC300 and PBC400 additions significantly decreased the soil bulk density and increased the pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil organic matter (SOM) content. Both types of biochar significantly decreased NH4+‐N and NO3−‐N contents as a result of N immobilization, reduced nitrification because of the enhanced microbial activity (determined by the fluorescein diacetate method) and reduced the abundance of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB). The growth of maize (Zea mays L.) was stimulated and, compared with the unamended soil, the biomass increased by 15.2–32.7% following the addition of PBC300 or PBC400. Maize root morphology (e.g. length and tips) and the properties of the rhizosphere soil (e.g. CEC and pH) were improved by the addition of biochar, leading to enhance N bioavailability by decreasing NAE (N accumulation efficiency) and increasing NUE (N utilization efficiency). In general, the ameliorating effects of PBC400 on the acidic soil were superior to those of PBC300. These results indicate that producing a specific type of biochar based on pyrolytic temperature might be an alternative strategy for selecting the most appropriate biochar for a specific soil.
Interfacial tension, wettability, foam and emulsification properties of mono- and di-tetrapropylene diphenyl ether disulfonates

ABSTRACT The interfacial tension, wettability, foam and emulsification properties of di-tetrapropylene diphenyl ether disulfonates (C12-DADS) gemini-type surfactant have been studied and compared to mono-tetrapropylene diphenyl ether disulfonates (C12-MADS) and tetrapropylene benzene sulfonates (C12-BAS). The results show that the C12-DADS have a lower interfacial activity compared to that of C12-MADS and C12-BAS. The wettability of the three surfactants decreases in the order C12-BAS > C12-DADS > C12-MADS. For foam properties, the foamability and foam stability of C12-MADS and C12-DADS is lower than that of C12-BAS. In addition, the emulsification ability increase in the order C12-DADS < C12-MADS < C12-BAS. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
L’acceptation de la télémédecine chez les médecins marocains : étude qualitative en utilisant le modèle UTAUT

Ce papier vise a fournir une meilleure comprehension de la problematique entourant l’acceptation de la technologie de la telemedecine par les medecins marocains. Dans ce sens, nous avons mobilise le modele Unifie de l'acceptation et de l'utilisation de la technologie (Venkatesh et al, 2003) qui a ete utilise, dans differents contextes, par les chercheurs pour expliquer ou comprendre les determinants de l'intention des medecins d’accepter et utiliser la technologie de la telemedecine. S’inscrivant dans une posture epistemologique interpretativiste, ce travail cherche a comprendre davantage et demystifier la pratique de la telemedecine au Maroc en se basant sur une approche qualitative exploratoire hybride via la methode des entretiens semi-directifs avec un echantillon reduit des medecins qui constituent, a notre sens, le principal acteur vers une acceptation et une utilisation saines de cette pratique au sein des hopitaux marocains. Les resultats de cette etude montrent que les variables : les attentes en performances et les conditions facilitantes ont une relation significative positive sur l’intention comportementale des medecins Marocains.
Optimization of chemical activation of cotton fabrics for activated carbon fabrics production using response surface methodology

Abstract The preparation of activated carbon fabric (ACF) from cotton fabric treated with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM). Experimental activation variables including; impregnation ratio, heating rate, activation temperature, and activation time were optimized based on the responses evaluated (adsorption capacity, yield of the produced ACF). The operation conditions for obtaining the ACFs with the highest the adsorption capacity and process yield were proposed. Optimized conditions were: impregnation ratio of 2, heating rate of 7.5 °C min−1, the activation temperature of 500 °C, and the activation time of 30 min. The ACFs produced under optimized conditions were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDX). The surface area and pore volume of carbon nanostructures were characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherm at 77 °K using BET method. The obtained results showed that the produced ACFs have developed porous structure, fabric shape, BET surface area (690 m2/g) and total pore volume (0.3216 cm3/g), and well-preserved fibers integrity.
Sedentary behavior, physical activity and renal function in middle-aged and older adults: isotemporal substitution modelling

Background: Both physical inactivity and sedentary behavior (too much sitting) can contribute to renal dysfunction. However, the potential benefits of behavior change (e.g., replacing sedentary behavior with physical activity) on renal function are not fully understood. We used isotemporal substitution to model potential impacts on renal function of replacing time from one behavior to another in middle-aged and older adults. Methods: For 174 Japanese adults (aged 50 – 83 years; 76 % women), the time spent in sedentary behavior, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) were assessed using uniaxial accelerometers. Renal function was evaluated by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from serum creatinine and cystatin C levels. Results: In univariate analyses, eGFR was significantly, albeit weakly, correlated with time spent in sedentary behavior ( r s = – 0.229), LPA ( r s = 0.265) and with MVPA ( r s = 0.353). In the isotemporal substitution models, replacement of 30 min/day of sedentary behavior with equivalent LPA time was not significantly associated with eGFR ( β = 2.25, p = 0.111); however, replacement with the same amount of MVPA was beneficially associated with eGFR ( β = 5.51, p < 0.05). Conclusions: These cross-sectional findings suggest that both sedentary behavior (detrimentally) and physical activity (beneficially) may be contributors to maintaining renal function and that replacing sedentary behavior with MVPA may benefit renal health in middle-aged and older adults.
Improved Confidence Intervals for Fixed Term Survival Probabilities in a Small Two-Arm Trial

BackgroundThe confidence interval for survival probability at a fixed time point provides valuable information on how the subject performs in terms of survival rate. However, in a two-arm trial when the sample size in each group is small or when the distribution of events that occurred within the group is skewed, the confidence interval might become very unstable, and thus may not provide accurate information for estimating survival rate. In addition, when there are other covariates available in the dataset, it is important to select those significant variables and include them in the model. On the other hand, researchers such as physicians who pay more attention to the final result often analyze the treatment group and control group separately, which may lead to inaccurate prediction. MethodsIn this study, two treatment groups are combined, and the group indicator variable is considered as a covariate and is included in the model for computation. Yuan and Rai’s adjusted effective sample size methods are further extended along with Cox proportional hazard model, Weibull model, and log-logistic model to compute predicted fixed-term overall survival probabilities and corresponding confidence intervals with other covariates adjusted. Simulations are conducted to obtain coverage probability. ResultsIn a single model, Wilson-Peto provides better confidence intervals than Kaplan-Meier, especially in the middle and later stages. In addition, AC-Peto produces better coverage probability at all time points. In a multivariate model, the log-logistic method provides both better confidence intervals and coverage probability than Cox regression model at all stages.ConclusionsThis paper provides a guideline on how one should correctly analyze survival data with the most appropriate method. Depending on the dataset, it is important to consider methods other than traditional Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models when evaluating survival outcomes.
Analysis of the changes in the lacrimal system before and after endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy

BackgroundWe aimed to analys and explore the changes in the lacrimal system before and after endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EN-DCR). MethodsA series of case studies was reviewed. The clinical data of 104 patients (120 eyes) who underwent EN-DCR in our hospital from March 2019 to October 2019 were selected for the study. The tear meniscus height (TMH) and the Schirmer I test (SIt) values were compared preoperatively and 1 month and 3 months postoperatively and statistically analysed by Mauchly's test of sphericity and the Pearson correlation coefficient.ResultsThe TMH decreased across all 3 timepoints, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The TMH values were measured 3 times in 120 eyes and showed three patterns: increased steadily (34 eyes), descended first and then ascended (32 eyes), and decreased steadily (54 eyes); the changes in the three patterns were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were a significant increases in SIt values among the three timepoints, and the SIt values gradually increased when the SIt values were < 10 mm/5 min preoperatively. However, there was no significant difference in SIt values when the SIt values were ≥ 10 mm/5 min preoperatively. The TMH was highly correlated with the SIt value preoperatively (r = 0.763), moderately correlated at 1 month postoperatively (r = 0.515), and not correlated at 3 months postoperatively (r = 0.097). ConclusionsEN-DCR has a certain degree of influence on the tear system, which is not only reflected in the tear drainage system, but also in the tear secretion system and the interaction between the two systems; however, excess tear drainage, can also alleviate dry eyes.Funding programmeJoint Fund Project of Hubei Provincial Health Select Committee (No. WJ2019H318); General Key Projects of Medical Research in Wuhan City, Hubei Province (No. WX19A03)
Two Quasi-Experimental Pilot Trials to Inform a Nationwide Embedded Pragmatic Clinical Trial on the Aliviado Dementia Care-Hospice Edition program

Background: Most investigators studying Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) are unfamiliar with embedded pragmatic clinical trials (ePCTs) and pilot studies designed to inform ePCTs. This paper provides a much-needed example for the pilot phase proceeding a nationwide AD/ADRD ePCT, reporting feasibility, applicability, and fidelity results. It also discusses implementation barriers and additional infrastructure and implementation strategies developed following the pilot phase. Methods: Two iterative, quasi-experimental pilot trials were conducted in two hospice agencies sequentially to refine and test the Aliviado Dementia Care-Hospice Edition program, a quality improvement program consisting of dementia care training; a toolbox of assessment instruments, symptom management algorithms, care plans, caregiver education sheets; and clinical workflow changes. Participants were 72 interdisciplinary team (IDT) members at the two hospices who met the eligibility criteria. To demonstrate readiness for the full ePCT, three milestones had to be met: ³80% training completion rate (“feasibility”), ³80% post-training survey respondents indicating intention for practice changes (“applicability”), and at least one Aliviado care plan/assessment instrument administered in ³75% of dementia patients admitted to home hospice within one-month post training (“fidelity”). Results: Sixty-six IDT members (92%) completed the dementia care training. Ninety-three percent of post-training survey respondents (response rate: 82%) reported that they will implement practice changes across pilots. Four patients with a primary diagnosis of advanced AD/ADRD and seven with AD/ADRD as a comorbidity were admitted to home hospice during the one-month post-training period in pilot two. All (100%) had at least one assessment instrument or care plan implemented. Main implementation challenges were related to hospice staff turnover, integration of the Aliviado toolbox materials within the electronic health record, and hospices’ limited research experience and infrastructure. Conclusions: Pilot testing established the feasibility of implementing and embedding Aliviado Dementia Care Hospice-Edition into hospice settings. The program content was applicable to hospice practices where IDT members were able to incorporate assessment instruments and dementia care plans into routine care. In proceeding to a full ePCT, we will automate implementation procedures, add mobile device point-of-care access to the toolbox materials, and incorporate strategies to strengthen long-term research partnerships with participating hospices.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03681119. Registered: September 21, 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03681119
Electroencephalography-based functional brain network analysis according to lesion location and motor function in stroke patients

Background. While numerous studies have investigated changes in brain activation after stroke, limited information exists on the association between functional brain networks and lesion location in stroke patients. Methods. We compared the characteristics of brain networks among patients with cortico-subcortical lesions (n = 5), subcortical lesions (n = 7), and age-matched healthy controls (n = 12) during the execution of hand movements. Functional brain networks were analyzed based on network parameters in beta frequency electroencephalography (EEG) bands. Results. Our results indicated that while the healthy control group had appropriate compensatory patterns on the brain network with an aging effect, the two stroke lesion groups exhibited different hyper-connected characteristics in the brain network within the sensorimotor regions, particularly the contralesional M1, during motor execution. In addition, the betweenness centrality on the contralesional motor area was identified as a promising biomarker for motor functional ability associated with stroke. Our findings further allowed us to identify the characteristics of the stroke lesion that could not be found with EEG power by using the EEG brain network on the cerebral cortex. Conclusions. We anticipate that our study will improve the understanding of the complex changes that occur in the brain network as a result of stroke, and support the development of more effective and efficient rehabilitation programs based on lesion location for stroke patients.
Poly(lactic acid) foams reinforced with cellulose micro and nanofibers and foamed by chemical blowing agents

Biodegradable polymeric foams have gained increasing attention as an alternative to conventional polymeric foams, whose recycling is economically unviable due to its low density. Based on this, this article discusses the development of poly(lactic acid) foams produced with the insertion of four and eight parts hundred resin (phr) of long and short cellulose fibers and nanofibers. Short fibers of nanocellulose were obtained by mechanical defibrillation and dried by lyophilization, and long fibers by CO2 supercritical fluid extraction. The poly(lactic acid) foams were produced by adding a chemical blowing agent with a pressure-free expansion method. In general, short fibers of cellulose act as nucleating agents during the expansion of the foam, which is observed by its greater number of smaller-size cells than the non-reinforced poly(lactic acid) foams. The insertion of long fibers of cellulose restricts the mobility of the polymer matrix during the expansion, thus hindering the foam its growth and formation of bubbles.
Pemodelan Protein dengan Homology Modeling menggunakan SWISS-MODEL

The three-dimensional (3D) structure of proteins is necessary to understand the properties and functions of proteins. Determining protein structure by laboratory equipment is quite complicated and expensive. An alternative method to predict the 3D structure of proteins in the in silico method. One of the in silico methods is homology modeling. Homology modeling is done using the SWISS-MODEL server. Proteins that will be modeled in the 3D structure are proteins that do not yet have a structure in the RCSB PDB database. Protein sequences were obtained from the UniProt database with code A0A0B6VWS2. The results showed that there were two models selected, namely model-1 with the PDB code template 1q0e and model-2 with the PDB code template 3gtv. The results of sequence alignment and model visualization show that model-1 and model-2 are identical. The evaluation and assessment of model-1 on the Ramachandran Plot have a Favored area of ? 97.36%, a MolProbity score of 0.79, and a QMEAN value is 1.13. Model-1 is a good 3D protein structure model.
Interactions in the Brassica napus-Pyrenopeziza brassicae pathosystem and sources of resistance to P. brassicae (light leaf spot)

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2021 The Authors. Plant Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Society for Plant Pathology School of Life and Medical Sciences, Centre for Agriculture, Food and Environmental Management Research, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
RGO-MoS2 Supported NiCo2O4 Catalyst toward Solar Water Splitting and Dye Degradation

Formation of the NiCo2O4 (NCO) nanoparticle with the simultaneous reduction of GO and growth of MoS2 by a two step hydrothermal process results in a 2D RGO-MoS2 (R-MoS2) cocatalyst layer with intimate interfacial contact with NCO. The phase purity, chemical coupling and morphology of the synthesized materials are established through X-ray diffraction, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies. The ternary composite, RGO-MoS2-NiCo2O4 (RM-NCO), shows excellent electrocatalytic performance toward solar driven water splitting with 3.08% solar to hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency, photocurrent density of 5.36 mA cm–2, injection efficiency of 97% at 1 V (vs Ag/AgCl) and long-term stability. The photo degradation (95%) of Rhodamine B under visible light irradiation is obtained in 90 min by the ternary composite (RM-NCO). The improved performance of the ternary composite, RM-NCO, over bare NCO and MoS2, toward photocatalytic activity is achieved through the dual charge transfer pathway between interfa.
Estádios fenológicos e marcha de absorção de nutrientes da soja.

Estadios fenologicos: fase reprodutiva (crescimento indeterminado e determinado); fase vegetativa. Marcha de absorcao de nutrientes da soja: macronutrientes (nitrogenio, calcio, fosforo, magnesio, potassio e enxofre) e micronutrientes (Boro, manganes, cobre, zinco). Extracao e exportacao de macro e micronutrientes em diferentes cultivares de soja: BRS 184, SYN 1059, DM 6563 - Intacta RR2 PRO (tm).
Optimization and characterization of gelatin and chitosan extracted from fish and shrimp waste

Fish and seafood processing industries generate large quantities of waste which are at the origin of several environmental, economic and social problems. However fish waste could contain high value-added substances such as biopolymers. This work focuses on optimizing the gelatin and chitosan extraction from tilapia fish skins and shrimp shells respectively. The gelatin extraction process was optimized using alkali acid treatment prior to thermal hydrolysis. Three different acids were tested at different concentrations. Chitosan was obtained after acid demineralization followed by simultaneous hydrothermal deproteinization and deacetylation by an alkali treatment with different concentrations of HCl and NaOH. The extracted gelatin and chitosan with the highest yield were characterized by determining their main physicochemical properties (Degree of deacetylation, viscosity, pH, moisture and ash content). Results show a significant influence of the acid type and concentration on the extraction yield of gelatin and chitosan, with an average yield of 12.24% and 3.85% respectively. Furthermore, the obtained physicochemical properties of both extracted gelatin and chitosan were within the recommended standard values of the commercial ones used in the industry.
Analysis of Approaches of Monitoring, Intrusion Detection and Identification of Network Attacks

Information security is an important challenge due to the increasing number of attacks and intrusions. In this paper, approaches and systems for monitoring traffic and events, intrusion detection systems, deep packet inspection tools, and network packet sniffing systems are analyzed. It is shown that for intrusion detection and analysis of illegal actions in the network are used all the many systems and approaches described. A comparative analysis of incident, vulnerability and asset management systems was conducted. Based on this analysis, it is possible to develop recommendations for the use of each system depending on the requirements of the organization.
Fast Electron Transfer and •OH Formation: Key Features for High Activity in Visible-Light-Driven Ozonation with C3N4 Catalysts

Photocatalytic ozonation of wastewater pollutants by sunlight is a highly attractive technology close to real application. Understanding this process on the atomic scale and under realistic working conditions is challenging but vital for the rational design of catalysts and photocatalytic decontamination systems. Here we study two highly active C3N4 photocatalysts (bulk C3N4 and a nanosheet-structured C3N4) under simultaneous visible-light irradiation and O3 bubbling in water by in situ EPR spectroscopy coupled with an online spin-trapping technique. The photoexcitation of electrons to the conduction band (CB-e–), their further trapping by dissolved O2 and O3, and the evolution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been semiquantitatively visualized. A dual role of O3 in boosting the CB-e– to •OH conversion is confirmed: (i) an inlet 2.1 mol % O3/O2 gas mixture can trap about 2–3 times more CB-e– upon aqueous C3N4 suspension than pure O2 and further produce •OH by a robust •O3–-mediated one-electron-reduc.
A Survey on Security Risks in Internet of Things (IoT) Environment

This analysis reviews the management of vulnerabilities and security risks of Internet of Things (IoT). This paper provides an overview, which it reveals the recent Internet's growth and how it has transformed our lives in various, unforeseen dimensions and how it has given rise to IoT. The introduction part focuses on providing an analysis on literature by presenting a short IoT history, some technical information on security protocols, and IoT hardware problems. The section on survey is where similar literatures on specific concepts are reviewed by describing the vulnerabilities and threats of IoT systems, and then reviewed risk management mechanisms for both information technologies and information protection. After the review, the analysis and discussion segment addressed and evaluated the details contained in the literature review. In this paper, a new risk management strategy uniquely designed for each IoT system is proposed. Then proposed work is evaluated by discussing the advantages and concluded the analysis and the future work.