Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Contention Window Methods for Improved Coexistence Between LTE and Wi-Fi in Unlicensed Bands

Recently, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) announced standards that permit the Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA) of Long Term Evolution (LTE) to operate over unlicensed spectrum bands. This permission, which is a part of the 5G specifications, is due to the scarcity of the licensed spectrum and the increased use of wireless networks and services. However, these unlicensed bands are mainly occupied by 802.11 based WLAN devices. Thus, challenges arise for the efficient coexistence mechanism to share the same unlicensed band by LAA and Wi-Fi to maintain the quality of service and manage the interference among users. In this work, we propose new variable contention window (CW) methods for LAA to enable the coexistence of LTE and Wi-Fi in a fair manner based on the Wi-Fi statistics. The main novelty of this work is that the knowledge of Wi-Fi activity statistics is exploited to adapt the CW of LAA more effectively. These methods are evaluated based on the 3GPP fairness definition for such coexistence mechanisms under various traffic loads. We show that the fairness depends on the LAA CW size. Further, through simulation results, we show that the proposed schemes are more friendly to the existing Wi-Fi network, in particular for the higher traffic loads, compared with the existing Category 4 Listen-Before-Talk (Cat 4 LBT) algorithm defined in the 3GPP standard and provide higher total throughputs for both coexisting networks, improving the overall network performance.
Risk premia and unemployment fluctuations

We study the role of fluctuations in discount rates for the joint dynamics of expected returns in the stock market and employment dynamics. We construct a non-parametric bound on the predictability and time-variation in conditional volatility of the firm’s profit flow that must be met to rationalize the observed business-cycle fluctuations in vacancy-filling rates. A stochastic discount factor consistent with conditional moments of the risk-free rate and expected returns on risky assets only partly alleviates the need for an excessively volatile model of the expected profit flow. ∗We thank Narayana Kocherlakota, Virgiliu Midrigan, Martin Schneider, Mathieu Taschereau-Dumouchel and numerous other seminar and conference participants for valuable comments. All errors remain our own.
Wage inequality and Returns to Schooling in Europe : a Semi ‐ Parametric Approach Using

In this paper we apply a semi‐parametric approach (quantile regression ‐ QR) to the last 2007 wave of the EU‐SILC data set, in order to explore the connection between education and wage inequality in 8 European countries. We find that wages increase with education and this holds true across the whole distribution. Furthermore, this effect is generally more important at the highest quantiles of the distribution than at the lowest, implying that schooling increases wage dispersion. This evidence is found to be rather robust as showed through tests of linear hypothesis. We also corroborate the idea that, although OLS coefficients estimates are substantially in line with the QR’s, the former technique really misleads relevant information about cross‐countries heterogeneity in the impact of education on within group inequality at different points of the wage distribution. Hence this paper confirms that a semi‐parametric QR approach is more interesting, as well as more appropriate, because it measures the wage effect of education at different quantiles, thus describing relevant cross‐countries changes or bounces not only in the location, but also in the shape of the distribution.
Changes in Seam Effects Magnitude Due to Changes in Question Wording and Data Collection Strategies : An Analysis of Labor Force Transitions in the PSID

A seam effect occurs in panel studies when within-wave changes are less frequent than between-wave changes (comparing data gathered from two different interviews). Seam effects impact virtually every longitudinal study, no matter the mode of data collection or the length of the reference period. This paper explores the changes in the magnitude of seam effects among labor force states (employment, unemployment, not in labor force) using the last seven waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. The panel underwent several changes: data were collected with conventional questionnaire (CQ) for the first five waves. The interval between waves was moved from one year (wave one and two) to two years (following waves). In the waves six and seven the data regarding labor force transitions were collected with Event History Calendar (EHC) on a two year reference period. The questionnaire was also changed: one modification took place when moving to the two year reference period and the second when moving to EHC data collection. Results show an increase of the magnitude of seam effect when moving from one year to two year reference period. A new undocumented phenomenon was found in the data. When moving to the two year reference period in the CQ waves, a within-wave seam effect appeared, that is seam effect between the first year and the second year of the two-year reference period. This effect was not found in the EHC two-year reference period. EHC also slightly decreased the magnitude of seam effects. The results are discussed in light of theories of seam effects, questionnaire design, and with references to the literature on EHC and CQ.
Habitat assessment to select areas for reintroduction of tHe endangered iberian lynx

Copyright © 2011 J.M. Gil-Sánchez, R. Arenas-Rojas, M. García-Tardío, J. Rodríguez-Siles, M.A. Simón-Mata. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Published by: Portuguese Wildlife Society. Habitat assessment to select areas for reintroduction of tHe endangered iberian lynx
Fast Computation of Modularity in Agglomerative Clustering Methods for Community Discovery

In this paper, we propose a fast method for successive modularity computations in agglomerative clustering for community discovery. Our method is based on a new data structure to maintain two statistical values derived by the definition of modularity between two adjacent (temporary) communities. We prove the correctness and efficiency of the method. Then, we perform it on standard datasets. The experimental results show that our method improves the efficiency significantly.
Multi-World Motion Planning

While predictive planning approaches have had broad success in robot navigation, most implementations of them have important limitations. In particular, they plan around a single predicted outcome (plus uncertainty) or the union of several likely outcomes. Here, we introduce the Multi-World Motion Planning problem, where a robot plans around each likely outcome separately, while maintaining a safe trajectory until it can determine which of the predictions actually happened. We introduce a method both for split-detection (understanding when multiple plans can be created) and split-planning (planning path over these separate contingencies). We apply our techniques to simulated robots with both holonomic and non-holonomic dynamics in a variety of scenarios. We show our resulting approach can produce substantially safer and shorter trajectories than traditional motion planning in critical situations that commonly arise in tasks such as navigating in human environments.
ARCHITECTONIC AND STRUCTURAL STUDY OF FORT SAN DIEGO AT ACAPULCO

With reference to historical data the actual conditions of Fort San Diego at Acapulco are analyzed. This study encompasses the architectural features, the geometry details and the structural behavior. Results of field works are presented and discussed, mainly on topographical survey, architectural features, materials characterization, and hardness measurements of the main materials and survey of damages. Architectural aspects are related to classical treatise and antique books on military engineering. The recommendations for the preservation of the architectural values are made based on these. Geometrical characteristics are pointed out, and it is demonstrated that the plan follows three concentric circles almost perfectly. The circles have radii of 70 varas (58.45 m), 50 varas (41.75 m) and 40 varas (33.40 m) respectively. It is also noted that the outer picks form a quasi-perfect pentagon. With the data of field studies a probable construction sequence is proposed consisting of eight major steps that take several decades to be completed. The probable structural behavior was investigated mainly for the eventuality of the occurrence of intense earthquakes. According with historical data, the fort was practically destroyed in 1776 during a severe earthquake and it was rebuilt in later years to its actual general form. Thus, a particular interest in this study was the strength assessment of the fort for the case of the biggest earthquake expected in the zone. The vulnerability of the structure was investigated mainly because the fort is currently used as a museum with the possibility to be crowded. In order to do this, an analytical model was developed and damage and vulnerability indexes were calculated according to the method proposed by Lagomarsino. The analysis of the data shows that the probable structural behavior of the monument is safe for normal operating conditions but might have moderate to severe damages for the eventuality of the occurrence of an earthquake with the greatest intensity expected in the area. Some parts of this study will be proposed to form part of informative literature accessible to visitors of the fort. Mejía López Marcos, Ramírez de Alba H. , Valdez Medina E. A.
A metric-based evaluation model for applications on mobile phones

A number of methods and measures have been used by researchers in software evaluation. Usability metrics is one of the approaches that has been used as a guideline to evaluate the quality of the system in many mobile applications.However, the metrics used for evaluation method keep changing due to new inventions of mobile phones.Thus, there is a need to create a dynamic model for evaluation that can grow together with new inventions and technology.In this paper, a dynamic usability metrics model for evaluation of mobile applications was designed.The model comprises usability goals, questions and metrics for evaluation of applications on mobile phones. To ensure that the model is reliable and effective, a usability study was conducted on two applications installed in different mobile phones.This model proves to be applicable for evaluation of mobile phone applications whereby its questions and metrics can be dynamically changed accordingly to comply with the requirements of the evaluators.
Dynamics of the Upper Mantle in Light of Seismic Anisotropy

Seismic anisotropy records continental dynamics in the crust and convective deformation in the mantle. Deciphering this archive holds huge promise for our understanding of the thermo-chemical evolution of our planet, but doing so is complicated by incomplete imaging and non-unique interpretations. Here, we focus on the upper mantle and review seismological and laboratory constraints as well as geodynamic models of anisotropy within a dynamic framework. Mantle circulation models are able to explain the character and pattern of azimuthal anisotropy within and below oceanic plates at the largest scales. Using inferences based on such models provides key constraints on convection, including plate-mantle force transmission, the viscosity of the asthenosphere, and the net rotation of the lithosphere. Regionally, anisotropy can help further resolve smaller-scale convection, e.g., due to slabs and plumes in active tectonic settings. However, the story is more complex, particularly for continental lithosphere, andmany systematic relationships remain to be establishedmore firmly.More integrated approaches based on new laboratory experiments, consideration of a wide range of geological and geophysical constraints, as well as hypothesis-driven seismological inversions are required to advance to the next level.
A Mixing Matrix Estimation Algorithm for Speech Signals under the Under-Determined Blind Source Separation Model

—The separation of speech signals has become a research hotspot in the ﬁeld of signal processing in recent years. It has many applications and inﬂuences in teleconferencing, hearing aids, speech recognition of machines and so on. The sounds received are usually noisy. The issue of identifying the sounds of interest and obtaining clear sounds in such an environment becomes a problem worth exploring, that is, the problem of blind source separation. This paper focuses on the under-determined blind source separation (UBSS). Sparse component analysis is generally used for the problem of under-determined blind source separation. The method is mainly divided into two parts. Firstly, the clustering algorithm is used to estimate the mixing matrix according to the observed signals. Then the signal is separated based on the known mixing matrix. In this paper, the problem of mixing matrix estimation is studied. This paper proposes an improved algorithm to estimate the mixing matrix for speech signals in the UBSS model. The traditional potential algorithm is not accurate for the mixing matrix estimation, especially for low signal-to noise ratio (SNR). In response to this problem, this paper considers the idea of an improved potential function method to estimate the mixing matrix. The algorithm not only avoids the inuence of insufﬁcient prior information in traditional clustering algorithm, but also improves the estimation accuracy of mixing matrix. This paper takes the mixing of four speech signals into two channels as an example. The results of simulations show that the approach in this paper not only improves the accuracy of estimation, but also applies to any mixing matrix.
Changes in College Enrollment and Wage Inequality: Distinguishing Price and Composition Effects

Increases in college enrollment cause changes in the distribution of ability among college and high school graduates. This paper estimates a semiparametric selection model of schooling and wages to show that, for fixed skill prices, a 14% increase in college participation (analogous to the increase observed in the 1980s), reduces the college premium by 12% and increases the 90-10 percentile ratio among college graduates by 2%. The semiparametric method we use is new and it extends the method of local instrumental variables developed by Heckman and Vytlacil (1999, 2001, 2005) to the estimation of not only means, but also distributions of potential outcomes.
Impulsive Noise and Gaussian-Impulsive Mixed Noise 1 Removal by Low Dimensional Manifold Model ∗

4 In this paper, we apply the low dimensional manifold model (LDMM) to remove the impulsive noise 5 from a single image. Like many nonlocal methods, LDMM is a patch-based model in which a patch set is 6 constructed by grouping similar pixels. In LDMM, these patches are assumed to lie on a low dimensional 7 manifold. We remove the noise by fitting the image onto an underlying manifold and minimize its dimen8 sion. The key step of LDMM is to solve the Laplace-Beltrami equations in the point cloud formed by these 9 patches. We use the novel point integral method (PIM) to tackle it. By iteratively solving these Partial 10 Differential Equations and updating the manifold, LDMM based method can restore corrupted image pre11 cisely. Massive experiments on both gray and color noisy images show that the proposed algorithm gives 12 state-of-the-art results especially in the case of high-density impulsive noise. We also apply our algorithm 13 to remove Gaussian-impulsive mixed noise and get very competitive results. 14
Laser Phase Errors in Seeded FELs

Harmonic seeding of free electron lasers has attracted significant attention from the promise of transform-limited pulses in the soft X-ray region. Harmonic multiplication schemes extend seeding to shorter wavelengths, but also amplify the spectral phase errors of the initial seed laser, and may degrade the pulse quality. In this paper we consider the effect of seed laser phase errors in high gain harmonic generation and echo-enabled harmonic generation. We use simulations to confirm analytical results for the case of linearly chirped seed lasers, and extend the results for arbitrary seed laser envelope and phase.
Integrating Person and Housing Unit Weighting for the Current Population Survey

The Current Population Survey (CPS) is the primary source of labor force data for the United States. It is sponsored by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Census Bureau. Although the main purpose of the CPS is to produce estimates of employment status and other personal characteristics for the civilian noninstitutional population, it also produces estimates for householders and housing units. The estimates of households and householders should agree by definition, in that there is one householder for every household. But there are persistent discrepancies in these estimates within the CPS. In addition to this difference within the CPS, there are differences in estimates of households between the CPS and other demographic surveys conducted by the Census Bureau. This paper discusses some preliminary research on weighting methods for the CPS to resolve these problems.
opiramate treatment for alcoholic outpatients recently receiving esidential treatment programs : A 12-week , randomized , lacebo-controlled trial

Background: Initiation of a relapse prevention medication is crucial at the end of alcohol detoxification. This study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of topiramate for alcoholism in patients receiving a residential treatment program of alcohol detoxification and post-acute treatment. Methods: This was a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of topiramate for alcoholism in patients receiving a residential treatment program. Individuals with DSM-IV alcohol dependence with minimal withdrawal were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 100–300 mg/day of topiramate or placebo. Primary outcomes were given as percentages of heavy drinking days and time to first day of heavy drinking. Other drinking outcomes, craving, and health-related quality of life were evaluated. Results: A total of 106 participants were randomized to receive topiramate (n = 53) or placebo (n = 53). Twenty-eight participants of the topiramate group (52.8%) and 25 participants of the placebo group (47.2%) completed the study. Averaged over the trial period, there was no significant difference between groups on the mean percentages of heavy drinking days [1.96 (−1.62 to 5.54), p = . 28]. Log rank survival analysis found no difference of time to first day of heavy drinking between topiramate and placebo groups (61.8 vs. 57.5 days, respectively; 2 = 0.61, d.f. = 1, p = .81). Other secondary outcomes were not significantly different between groups. Conclusions: By using a conservative model for data analysis, we could not detect the effectiveness of topiramate in this particular population. As the sensitivity analysis showed a trend of its benefit, further izes a studies in larger sample s
An I-V Circuit with Combined Compensation for Infrared Receiver Chip

This paper proposes a novel combined compensation structure in the infrared receiver chip. For the infrared communication chip, the current-voltage (I-V) convert circuit is crucial and important. The circuit is composed by the transimpedance amplifier (TIA) and the combined compensation structures. The TIA converts the incited photons into photocurrent. In order to amplify the photocurrent and avoid the saturation, the TIA uses the combined compensation circuit. This novel compensation structure has the low frequency compensation and high frequency compensation circuit. The low frequency compensation circuit rejects the low frequency photocurrent in the ambient light preventing the saturation. The high frequency compensation circuit raises the high frequency input impedance preserving the sensitivity to the signal of interest. This circuit was implemented in a 0. 6μm BiCMOS process. Simulation of the proposed circuit is carried out in the Cadence software, with the 3V power supply, it achieves a low frequency photocurrent rejection and the gain keeps 109dB ranging from 10nA to 300μA. The test result fits the simulation and all the results exploit the validity of the circuit.
Arquitectura de Computadores)

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Application of Recombinant Antibodies 27 27 2 Application of Recombinant Antibodies in Cancer Patients

As a consequence of the invention of the hybridoma technology by Köhler and Milstein (1), many monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been evaluated in clinical trials since the early 1980s. Clinical outcomes were generally poor (2–5), with the notable exception of marked tumor responses, including long-term remissions of patients with malignant B-cell lymphoma who were treated with patient-specific antiidiotypic antibodies (6–8). The main factors responsible for these initial shortcomings were related to the immunogenicity of the murine protein, to modulation of targeted antigens, and to the poor ability of these antibodies to sufficiently mediate antibody-dependent effector functions in humans. The advent of recombinant antibody technology led to an enormous revival in the use of antibodies as therapeutic agents in cancer therapy. This review provides a brief historical sketch of the development of recombinant antibodies for immunotherapy of cancer, which is followed by the most significant clinical data, as exemplified by the two clinically most established recombinant antibodies to date. Finally, we will focus on future prospects for antibody-based therapeutic concepts in oncology.
Who is Responsible for the Bias ? Using Classification Trees to Identify Subgroups of Likely Nonrespondents and Assessing their Relationship to Key Survey Estimates Using Structural Equation Modeling

This paper discusses the use of classification trees, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM) to determine the relationship between response propensity and nonresponse bias. Unlike research done by other agencies using frame or paradata, NASS possesses matching Census of Agriculture data at the record level, rather than information at the zip code or county level. Therefore, NASS is capable of making proxy comparisons to determine which estimates are most heavily influenced by various subgroup response propensities. Classification trees were used to subset ARMS sample units into subgroups with like response propensity. SEM was used to assess the relationship between subgroup response propensity scores and key survey estimates. This research will enable NASS to flag likely influential nonrespondents and target data collection efforts to minimize bias in survey estimates.