Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
De Novo Transcriptome Sequencing in Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa (A Chev) Liang et Ferguson) and Development of Tissue-Specific Transcriptomic Resources

Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa (A Chev) Liang et Ferguson) is a sub-tropical vine species from the Actinidiaceae family native to China. This species has an allohexaploid genome (from diploid and autotetraploid parents), contained in 174 chromosomes producing a climacteric and fleshy fruit called kiwifruit. Currently, only a small body of transcriptomic and proteomic data are available for A. chinensis var. deliciosa. In this low molecular knowledge context, the main goal of this study is to construct a tissue-specific de novo transcriptome assembly, generating differential expression analysis among these specific tissues, to obtain new useful transcriptomic information for a better knowledge of vegetative, floral and fruit growth in this species. In this study, we have analyzed different whole transcriptomes from shoot, leaf, flower bud, flower and fruit at four development stages (7, 50, 120 and 160 days after flowering; DAF) in kiwifruit obtained through RNA-seq sequencing. The first version of the developed A. chinensis var. deliciosa de novo transcriptome contained 142,025 contigs (x¯ = 1044 bp, N50 = 1133 bp). Annotation was performed with BLASTX against the TAIR10 protein database, and we found an annotation proportion of 35.6% (50,508), leaving 64.4% (91,517) of the contigs without annotation. These results represent a reference transcriptome for allohexaploid kiwifruit generating a database of A. chinensis var. deliciosa genes related to leaf, flower and fruit development. These results provided highly valuable information identifying over 20,000 exclusive genes including all tissue comparisons, which were associated with the proteins involved in different biological processes and molecular functions.
Covalent Chemistry for Graphene Electronics

The atomically ﬂ at surface of graphene provides an opportunity to apply carbon (cid:3) carbon bond-forming chemical reactions to engineer the electronic properties of graphene circuitry. In particular, covalent functionalization of the surface or the edge of graphene ribbons provides a novel way to introduce patterning that can modulate the energy band gap, a ﬀ ect electron scattering, and direct current ﬂ ow by producing dielectric regions in a graphene wafer. We discuss the use of Raman spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy to characterize the surface functionalization periodicities and densities that have been produced by the chemical derivatization of epitaxial graphene together with the concomitant changes in the electronic and magnetic properties of the graphene surface layer
Identifying Student Responsibilities While Watching Mathematics Instructional Videos

This study investigated the ways in which college algebra students watch mathematics instructional videos about completing the square with the goal of identifying student responsibilities within a particular video and across different videos. Guided by the theory of didactic situations that have defined implicit teacher and student responsibilities within the context of the face-to-face mathematics classroom, participants watched three different videos about completing the square and answered interview questions. Using categories previously identified by the didactic contract for the face-to-face classroom, this study expanded the types of student responsibilities identified specifically for video watching and found that participants, regardless of overall prior knowledge but who had prior knowledge of completing the square, held a responsibility to use the specific set of steps they were taught by their teacher to solve problems. Findings may be useful to both mathematics teachers and video creators.
REVIEW. Effects of pressure on order-disorder reactions

Abstract Order-disorder phenomena, which play a key role in the energetics, crystal chemistry, and physical properties of numerous solids, may be strongly affected by pressure. The effect of pressure on the state of cation order depends fundamentally on the volume of disordering, Δ Vdis= Vdisordered - Vordered. Although ΔVdis may be positive or negative, it is usually positive for cation ordering in rock-forming minerals; pressure, therefore, tends to increase order in geological systems. Three structural mechanisms that contribute to ΔVdis are (1) positive ΔVdis (typically ≤ 1%) associated with ordering of similar cations over two or more similar sites, (2) variable ΔVdis (-1 % ≤ ΔVdis ≤ 1%) associated with Al-Si tetrahedral ordering in framework minerals, and (3) large ΔVdis (up to 5%) associated with cation ordering involving mixed valence, mixed coordination, or both. Pressure alters order-disorder reaction rates by restricting cation motions or changing cation diffusion mechanisms. Influences of pressure on ordering in olivines, orthopyroxenes, high-pressure ferromagnesian silicates, spinels, garnets, perovskites, and rhombohedral carbonates are discussed. Several experiments are proposed to elucidate the phenomenon of high-pressure ordering in systems of mineralogical interest.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Current status and potential of genomic selection to improve selective breeding in the main aquaculture species of International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) member countries

Selective breeding has been successfully applied to improve profitability and sustainability in numerous aquatic species. Recent developments of high throughput genotyping technology now enable the implementation of genomic selection, a method aiming to predict the breeding value of candidates based on their genotype at genome-wide markers. In this review article, we review the state of the arts, challenges and prospects for the application of genomic selection in aquaculture species. The particular focus is on the status of genomic selection in several major aquaculture species of International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) member countries: Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout, Atlantic cod, American catfish, Pacific oyster, European sea bass and gilthead sea bream. While the potential of genomic selection is clear, tailored species-specific applications will be needed to maximise its benefit for the aquaculture sector.
Loss of Suppression of Transformation

Abstrad The wild-type p53 protein can ad as a suppressor of transformation in that it will block or reduce the formation of adenovirus E1A plus ras mediated transformants of primary rat embryo fibroblasts (C. A. Finlay et al., Cell, 57: 1 083-1 093, 1 989). In those experiments, all of the transformed cell lines that arose seleded for mutations in the transfeded p5.3 gene, and many of these cell lines now express mutant p53 proteins. These mutant p53 genes are unusual because they were seleded only for their inability to ad as a transformation suppressor of other oncogenes as opposed to mutant p13 genes that arise spontaneously in tumors or transformed cell lines. p.5. 3 mutants that arise in tumors may be seleded for several properties, and these mutants do have a number of phenotypes in common; for example, (a) they no longer block the cell division of transformed cells in culture (growth suppressor); (b) they cooperate with ras to transform rat embryo cells; (C) they enhance the plating efficiency of rat embryo cells; (cO some mutants have an altered protein conformation; (e) most mutants have a much longer half-life and greater concentration in the cells; and ( 1) mutants have lost or have a reduced ability to ad as a transcription fador. Experiments were carried out to test whether the seledion for p53 mutants that fail to block oncogene mediated transformation would also have some or all of the other properties of p53 mutants that arise in spontaneous tumors. Two mutants seleded for their lost ability to block transformation were cloned, sequenced, and tested for all of the phenotypes listed above. The properties that these mutants had in common were (a) cooperation with ras to transform cells, (b) enhanced plating efficiency of cells, (c) elevated steady-state expression levels, and (d) a lost or reduced ability to ad as a transcription fador.
Constructing a Large-Scale Landslide Database Across Heterogeneous Environments Using Task-Specific Model Updates

Recent small-scale studies for pixel-wise labeling of potential landslide areas in remotely-sensed images using deep learning (DL) showed potential but were based on data from very small, homogeneous regions with unproven model transferability. In this paper we consider a more realistic and practical setting for large-scale heterogeneous landslide data collection and DL-based labeling. In this setting, remotely sensed images are collected sequentially in temporal batches, where each batch focuses on images from a particular ecoregion, but different batches can focus on different ecoregions with distinct landscape characteristics. For such a scenario, we study the following questions: (1) How well do DL models trained in homogeneous regions perform when they are transferred to different ecoregions? (2) Does increasing the spatial coverage in the data improve model performance in a given ecoregion? and (3) Can a landslide pixel labeling model be incrementally updated with new data, but without access to the old data and without losing performance on the old data? We address these questions by developing a mechanism for incremental training of semantic segmentation models. We call the resulting extension task-specific model updates (TSMU). A national compilation of landslide inventories by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was used to develop a global database for this study. Our results indicate that the TSMU framework can be used to aid in the creation of new landslide inventories or expanding existing datasets, and also to rapidly develop hazard maps for situational awareness following a widespread landslide event.
Impact of Different Crystal Sizes of Nano-Iron Oxide as Fertilizer on Wheat Plants Photosynthetic Pigments Content.

This study was carried out to investigate the impact of Fe2O3 NPs synthesized from mentha, onion and moringa plant extract at the concentrations of 20,40 and 60 and 80 ppm on wheat plant as fertilizer. Plant pigments chlorophyll a, b carotenoids as well as total pigments contents were investigated. Also, total phenolic components contents in wheat shoots were determined. The results showed that the foliar application of iron oxide nanoparticles at low concentrations (20,40 and 60 ppm) induced an increment in photosynthetic pigments and total phenolic compounds contents. beyond these concentrations an inhibitory effect was shown at 80 ppm concentration. Different sizes of nanoparticles showed different impacts on the studied criteria, small particle size induced more enhancement in plant pigments and phenols contents while larger sizes showed less impact.
Role of Multivalent Pr in the Formation and Migration of Oxygen Vacancy in Pr-Doped Ceria: Experimental and First-Principles Investigations

We combined first-principles calculations with several experimental studies to investigate the complex role for high oxygen storage capacity (OSC) in multivalent Pr-doped ceria. TPR and Raman spectra were measured for confirming oxygen vacancy concentration and oxygen mobility. The coordination number was fitted via EXAFS spectra, and it was the correlated DFT calculation that has been corrected as effective U (5.3 eV) to well express the reducing state (4+ → 3+) for both Ce and Pr elements. In our study, when Pr is incorporated into pure ceria, Pr3+ and Pr4+ ions are incorporated as majority and minority ions, respectively. Pr3+ ions play a key role to create oxygen vacancies and induce a local distortion, which improves oxygen mobility, and Pr4+ can contribute to diminishing reduction energy and a respectable OSC via the formation of an additional redox couple.
A Systematic Review on Software Robustness Assessment

Robustness is the degree to which a certain system or component can operate correctly in the presence of invalid inputs or stressful environmental conditions. With the increasing complexity and widespread use of computer systems, obtaining assurances regarding their robustness has become of vital importance. This survey discusses the state of the art on software robustness assessment, with emphasis on key aspects like types of systems being evaluated, assessment techniques used, the target of the techniques, the types of faults used, and how system behavior is classified. The survey concludes with the identification of gaps and open challenges related with robustness assessment.
News from Artificial Intelligence is Believed Less

Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms are now able to produce text virtually indistinguishable from text written by humans across a variety of domains. A key question, then, is whether people believe content from AI as much as content from humans. Trust in the (human generated) news media has been decreasing over time and AI is viewed as lacking human desires, and emotions, suggesting that AI news may be viewed as more accurate. Contrary to this, two preregistered experiments conducted on representative U.S. samples (combined N = 4,034) showed that people rated news produced by AI as being less accurate than news produced by humans. When news items were tagged as produced by AI (compared to a human), people were more likely to incorrectly rate them as inaccurate when they were actually true, and more likely to correctly rate them as inaccurate when they were indeed false. These results were robust to experimental paradigm (separate and joint evaluations), news item (actual veracity, age), and several respondent characteristics (e.g., political orientation). This effect is particularly important given the increasing use of AI algorithms in news production, and the associated ethical and governance pressures to disclose their use.
Reproduction based Multi-Contents Distribution Platform

As the use of smart devices is being increased rapidly by the development of internet and IT technology, the contents production and utilization rate are showing higher increase, too. In addition, the type of contents also shows very diverse forms such as education, game, video, UCC, etc. In the meantime, the contents are reproduced in diverse forms by reprocessing the original contents, and they are being serviced through the contents service platform. Therefore, the platform to make the contents reprocessing easy and fast is needed. As the diverse contents distribution channels such as YouTube, SNS, App Service, etc, easier contents distribution platform is needed, and the development of the relevant area is expected. In addition, as the selective consumption of the contents having easy accessibility through diverse smart devices is distinguished, the demand for the platform and service that can identify the contents consumption propensity by individual is being increased. Therefore, in this study, to vitalize the online contents distribution, the contents reproduction and publishing platform, was designed and materialized, which can reproduce and distribute the contents based on the real-time contents editing technology in URL unit and the consumer propensity analysis technology using the data management-based broadcasting contents distribution metadata technology and the edited image contents streaming technology. In addition, in the results of comparing with other platforms through the experiment, the performance superiority of the suggested platform was verified. If the suggested platform is applied to the areas of education, broadcasting, press, etc, the multi-media contents can be reproduced and distributed easily, through which the vitalization of contents-related industry is expected.
Identification of linear response functions from arbitrary
perturbation experiments in the presence of noise –
Part II. Application to the land carbon cycle in the MPI Earth System Model

Abstract. The Response Function Identification method introduced in the first part of this study is applied here to investigate the land carbon cycle in the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Earth System Model. We identify from standard C4MIP 1 % experiments the linear response functions that generalize the land carbon sensitivities β and γ. The identification of these generalized sensitivities is shown to be robust by demonstrating their predictive power when applied to experiments not used for their identification. The linear regime for which the generalized framework is valid is estimated, and approaches to improve the quality of the results are proposed. For the generalized γ-sensitivity, the response is found to be linear for temperature perturbations until at least 6 K. When this sensitivity is identified from a 2 x CO2 experiment instead of the 1 % experiment, its predictive power improves, indicating an enhancement in the quality of the identification. For the generalized β-sensitivity, the linear regime is found to extend up to CO2 perturbations of 100 ppm. We find that nonlinearities in the β-response arise mainly from the nonlinear relationship between Net Primary Production and CO2. By taking instead of CO2 the resulting Net Primary Production as forcing, the response is approximately linear until CO2 perturbations of about 850 ppm. Taking Net Primary Production as forcing also substantially improves the spectral resolution of the generalized β-sensitivity. For the best recovery of this sensitivity, we find a spectrum of internal time scales with two peaks, at 4 and 100 years. Robustness of this result is demonstrated by two independent tests. We find that the two-peak spectrum can be explained by the different characteristic time scales of functionally different elements of the land carbon cycle. The peak at 4 years results from the collective response of carbon pools whose dynamics is governed by fast processes, namely pools representing living vegetation tissues (leaves, fine roots, sugars, and starches) and associated litter. The peak at 100 years results from the collective response of pools whose dynamics is determined by slow processes, namely the pools that represent the wood in stem and coarse roots, the associated litter, and the soil carbon (humus). Analysis of the response functions that characterize these two groups of pools shows that the pools with fast dynamics dominate the land carbon response only for times below 2 years. For times above 25 years the response is completely determined by the pools with slow dynamics. From 100 years onwards only the humus pool contributes to the land carbon response.
Time-Dependent Susceptibility of the Growth of Gold Nanorods to the Addition of a Cosurfactant

Gold nanorods have attracted more attention than other gold particle morphologies because of their tunable optical response, which is a product of simply changing the rod’s aspect ratio. Advances in bottom-up synthetic methods of gold nanorods have greatly improved yields as well as allowed access to a range of aspect ratios. Despite great strides being made in synthetic methods, the growth mechanism of gold nanorods has been debated in recent years. A recent mechanism outlined by Park et al. shows that nanorods undergo five distinct stages of growth. Stages I and II of this growth mechanism are dominated by the epitaxial micellar adsorption of surfactant to the growing crystal and adatom migration during rod reconstruction, respectively. Both of these processes, occurring early in particle growth, clearly dominate the production of anisotropic species, as well as the resultant morphology. Therefore, our hypothesis is that nanorod growth should be most susceptible to crystal habit modification during earl.
All in one procedure Versus classical procedure for Hernioplasty in Patients With Inguinal Hernia

Background: Hernia is an unusual bulging of the intra-abdominal viscera through a weak area of the abdominal wall or groin region. Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures. In recent years, inguinal hernia (IH) repair was changed from pure tissue repair to prosthetic laparoscopic repair. Objective: we propose to find a new application for the well-known surgical open mesh inguinal hernia in the treatment of inguinal hernias in adults aiming to improve patients' comfort and to reduce the incidence of chronic neuralgia. Patients and Methods: . A comparative study was designed to study the outcome of different sizes of mesh used in the hernia operations. In the present study, patients diagnosed with primary unilateral inguinal hernia (n=130) were enrolled from May 2019 to March 2020 at Baquba teaching hospital in Diyala governorate. Enrolled patients were divided into two groups. Group A include patients who have inguinal hernia operated with all in one procedure (n=65) and group B included patients with inguinal hernia operated by the classical method (n=65). Spinal and general anaesthesia were used. Before incision for the patient, ceftriaxone (1gm, intravenously) was administrated over 30 min. The process was accomplished on a one-day surgery basis . According to the devised technique, a new smaller prosthesis was placed on the floor of the inguinal canal in order to strengthen all areas of weakness from which hernias may originate. The mesh was enveloped by a fibro-cremasterico sheath avoiding contact with neural structures. Follow-up was carried out at 1week, 1month, 3months for evaluation of postoperative pain using numbering scale score, need of medication, patients' comfort, and postoperative complications. Results: all patients operated by all in one procedure were discharged within 24 h from surgery. Slight pain was reported by the majority of patients and (07.69%) of them required pain medication at home. After the 1st postoperative week (95.36%) reported no pain and (04.62%) show bruising genitaliao, (01.54%) had seroma and no wound infection recorded. No relevant limitation of normal activities was reported. There have been no postoperative neuralgias. Conclusion: This new hernioplastyo technique respects the anatomy of the inguinal canal, uses a smaller mesh, and seems to avoid neuralgias with maximum comfort for the patients. We recommended to all in one technique o because gives better results and fewer complications. Keywords: Hernia ;Open mesh inguinal hernia; patients
The Benefits of Handwriting Class Notes: Neuroanatomy, Mindfulness, and Anecdotal Evidence Supporting Handwritten Notes

Brief periods of wakeful resting have a positive effect on memory consolidation. To test the impact of mindful breathing exercises on the retention of new knowledge in a science class, we assigned lab sessions of Anatomy and Physiology I and II randomly to the intervention group or control group. During teaching periods, the intervention group lab sessions integrated mindfulness breaks by having students participate in guided breathing exercises every 25-30 minutes. With one exception, the average scores on the weekly retention quizzes taken at the end of the lab sessions were higher for the intervention group compared with the control group for all quizzes in both Anatomy and Physiology I and II. However, there was no significant difference in the average score between the intervention and control groups on formal quizzes and exams. Future studies should evaluate whether mindfulness techniques, such as mindful breathing exercises, used before exams lead to improved exam scores. https://doi.org/10.21692/haps.2021. 001