Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS PRECIPITATION DOWNSCALING METHODS ON THE SIMULATION OF STREAMFLOW IN THE YAKIMA RIVER

Streamflow models are an important tool in assessing climate impacts on water resources by simulating the streamflow associated with climate change scenarios. Essential climate forcings are temperature and precipitation, which are required at high spatial resolution (0.125 degrees latitude and longitude). Climate models, however, are run at much coarser resolution (2 degrees) and do not resolve important mesoscale processes and surface features that control the regional precipitation. In the Pacific Northwest, the surface orography creates dramatically different precipitation zones over the horizontal distance of one or two climate-model grid cells. In order to create precipitation fields appropriate to force a streamflow model, additional information must be added to the climate simulation to account for the mesoscale variations, using methods referred to as "downscaling". Various statistical methods for downscaling Pacific Northwest precipitation are proposed by Widmann, Bretherton, and Salathe (2002) to produce monthly-mean precipitation downscaled to a 50-km mesoscale grid. These empirical methods are based upon a daily 50-km gridded dataset of precipitation over Washington and Oregon (Widmann and Bretherton, 2000).
Internet of Things for Modern Energy Systems: State-of-the-Art, Challenges, and Open Issues

The Internet of Things (IoT) is beginning to shape the future of many industries and emerging markets. One of the target markets for IoT is the energy systems. IoT is a matter of producing, transferring, and processing information, therefore all parts of the system including software and hardware parts should be considered as a whole. In this paper, a state-of-the-art of the IoT-based energy systems is presented to review the recent activities on every component of IoT in energy systems. Challenges in this subject area are discussed, and some solutions are presented thereafter.
International entrepreneurial strategies in Asia : Taiwanese digital content companies in China

This paper investigated Taiwan-based digital content companies’ operation in China and examined their international entrepreneurial strategies. Based on the classification of Schuler and Jackson’s (1987) business strategies and the theory of the ‘life cycle model’, this study selected two Taiwan-based digital content companies (Wang Film and Somode) that represented off-line and web-based firms to look at different evolution of these two types of firms. The research found that off-line digital content firms tended to adopt cost-reduction strategies in their initial stages and innovation strategies in subsequent stages. By contrast, web-based digital content companies mainly adopted innovation and qualityenhancement strategies rather than cost-reduction strategies.
Moments of Hospitality: rethinking hospital meals through a non-representational approach

Hospital meals have increasingly become part of the political and scientific agenda of the welfare discussions in Denmark and other European countries. This article employs nonrepresentational theory to analyse hospitalityscapes in order to explore opportunities for adding value to the hospital meal experience. By drawing on performative ethnographic research carried out in two Danish hospital wards, this article explores how hospitalityscapes are socio-materially constructed. The research strategy was based on performative participant observations, visual ethnography and semi-structured interviews. The empirical data reveals how the daily atmosphere could be changed by social activities such as a dancing nurse, or through artefacts such as meatballs or napkins in disruptive micro-events, creating a possibility for different hospitalityscapes manifested in cultural, humorous or social performances. The article suggests that a focus on disruptive micro-events might create opportunities for hospitalityscapes and add value to future hospital meal experiences.
Critical Literacy Learning through Video Games: Adolescent Boys' Perspectives

The rapidly growing phenomenon of video games, along with learning that takes place through video game play, have raised concerns about the negative impact such games are reputed to have on youth, particularly boys. However, there is a disconnect between the discourse that suggests that boys are failing in learning literacy skills, and the discourse that suggests that they are learning highly sophisticated literacy skills through engagement with video games. This article reports on a research project investigating the literacy skills boys are learning through video game play and explores whether these skills are actually beneficial and whether they aid learning or distract from more useful literacy learning and healthy pursuits.
Determining the Dimension of Knowledge Management Implementation by Utilizing a Fuzzy TOPSIS Method

The purpose of this research is to identify and rank different aspects of knowledge management based on the Beckman model using the Fuzzy TOPSIS technique. The Beckman model, in this research, has 8 main dimensions including: knowledge identification, knowledge acquisition, knowledge selection, knowledge storage, knowledge distribution, knowledge creation, knowledge application, knowledge business, and 33 sub-criteria or alternatives. The population of the present study includes 197 members of the Education and Research Department staff of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch. Using Chi 2 correlation tests at first, a positive and meaningful correlation between the 8 above-mentioned criteria and knowledge management implementation in this University Branch was confirmed. Then the components of the Beckman model were ranked using Fuzzy TOPSIS technique. Finally "high value and uniqueness of the available knowledge in the university" was selected as the most significant sub criterion of the Beckman model and "the amount of existing knowledge transforming into directions, strategies and guidelines" and "the amount of the existing documented knowledge in the university" were selected as the most effective factors in the knowledge management implementation. In addition, knowledge selection, knowledge storage and knowledge application were selected as the most important dimensions of knowledge management in the Beckman model.
Recent progress in ohmic/Schottky-contacted ZnO nanowire sensors

We review the recent progress of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire sensors with ohmic-contacted and Schottky-contacted configurations and the enhancement of the performances of Schottky-contacted ZnO NWsensors (SCZNSs) by the piezotronic effect. Comparing with the traditional ohmic-contacted ZnO NW sensors (OCZNSs), the SCZNSs have higher sensitivities and faster responses controlled by the barrier height at the metal-semiconductor (M-S) interface. The piezotronic effect was applied to tune the Schottky barrier height (SBH) with the strain-induced piezoelectric polarization charges at the interface of the M-S contact. The piezotronic effect can thus improve the detection limitation, sensitivity, and response time of the SCZNSs in different applications, such as UV detection, gas and bio/chemical sensing. These piezotronic-enhanced SCZNSs may find potential applications in human-machine interfacing and flexible electronics skin technologies.
Minimization of Metals Leaching from CCA-Treated Wood Ash through High Temperature Reaction with Mineral Sorbents

Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood is the popular treated wood found in the wood waste disposal sector. Incineration has been a key disposal pathway for CCA-treated wood waste; however, the potential for emissions of toxic metals from combustion, and their accumulation and subsequent leaching from ash has raised public concerns. Earlier studies by our group focused on evaluating combinations of CCA chemical with sorbents for their ability to minimize leaching of ash. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of sorbents to minimize the leaching of CCA-treated wood and to compare the results to evaluate the influence of the wood matrix on the effectiveness of sorbents to minimize leaching. Experiments were carried out using CCA wood with alkaline earth, alumino-silicate and iron-based sorbents combusted at 700 C and 1100 C. A portion of the residual was leached using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). ----------------------------------------------------------------------* Corresponding author.
Mitigation of Voltage Sags for Balance And Unbalanced Voltage in Low Voltage Distribution System

This paper proposes a mitigation of different types of voltage sags in low voltage distribution system using an effective series compensator or Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) with new configuration of its topology. The main function of the DVR is to maintain the voltage at the sensitive load from balance and unbalance voltage sags. The developed system can compensate voltage sags in the grid and at the end can be used for the protection of sensitive loads in the network. DVR under various load conditions and different types of fault in both single phase and three phases were investigated. A prototype of the proposed scheme was built and tested in order to test its feasibility through extensive experimental studies.
A New Secret Sharing Scheme With Priority in Order of Sharing and its Application in Multi Authority E-voting Systems

Secret sharing caused a high level of security in encrypted systems. So, there are wide ranges of methods based on the secret sharing policies. Secret sharing schemes has 2 main aims. The first is determined to decrease the risks of attacks by adversaries which can be done by increasing the number of authorities. Second is to remove the dependence of protocol to an special part.In this paper, the priority of parties to share the secret is important. Also different authorities may be given different type of part. We also propose some voting systems in order to justify suggested secret sharing protocol. Also we analyze theses protocols to show that this secret sharing protocol saves the security of E-voting system.
Herbage yield stability of 38 genotypes of sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa) across five environments of Iran.

The aim of this study was to compare some stability analyses methods as additive main effect and the multiplicative interaction analysis (AMMI), Eberhart-Russel regression, cultivar superiority (Pi), ecovalence (Wi), and stability variance analysis in classification of dry matter (DM) yield in 38 sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa L.) genotypes across five environments of Iran over 2 years (2010 and 2011). Results of combined analysis of variance showed significant differences effects of genotypes, environments, and genotype × environment interaction. In comparison among various stability methods results showed that five of the 38 tested genotypes as 3 (Sarab), 8 (Khomin), 24 (Khonsar), 37 (Divandara) and 38 (Songor) with average values of 7.18 to 7.85 t had high and stable DM yield and wide-general adaptability. Other tested cultivars had unstable yield and narrow (specific) adaptability.
Abstainers’ reasoning for not voting: The Icelandic Local Government Election 2014

In the Icelandic local government election in 2014 turnout was lower than ever before, and four years earlier it had already decreased considerably. In this article, the authors examine abstainers’ personal reasoning for not casting a vote. Using survey data, the focus is on questions about reasons for not voting, comparing age groups and whether voters live in the centre or the periphery of Iceland, as well as the population size of the voters’ municipalities. The main results are that older voters are more likely to name reasons having to do with the political supply (e.g., political parties) and the political system, and younger voters to say that they could not be bothered. We find negligible differences in reasons for not voting, depending on municipality size and centre vs periphery areas. We suggest that the age differences we find in reasoning to abstain could be due to the fact that the consequences of the financial crash in 2008 were more strongly felt by older voters. However, we also make the point that ‘not bothering to vote’ can indicate discontent which can possibly be traced back to the crash. Utdrattur: I islensku sveitarstjornarkosningunum 2014 var kjorsokn minni en nokkru sinni fyrr og hafði hun þo minnkað toluvert i kosningunum 2010. I þessari grein fjalla hofundar um hvaða astaeður folk nefnir fyrir þvi að hafa ekki kosið arið 2014. Notuð eru gogn ur konnun sem gerð var sumarið 2014 meðal urtaks 4845 kosningabaerra einstaklinga a landinu ollu, þar sem þeir 630 sem sogðust ekki hafa kosið voru spurðir um astaeður þess. Serstok ahersla er logð a að greina astaeður eftir aldri kjosenda og eftir busetu, auk þess sem einnig er tekið tillit til staerðar sveitarfelaga i ibuafjolda. Helstu niðurstoður eru að eldra folk nefnir frekar efnislegar astaeður, er varða stjornmalaflokka og stjornmalakerfið, fyrir þvi að kjosa ekki, en ungt folk að hafa ekki haft nennt þvi eða haft ahuga a þvi. Buseta virðist ekki skýra að neinu marki mun a þvi hvaða astaeður folk hefur fyrir þvi að kjosa ekki. Þvi er velt upp hvort mun eftir aldri a astaeðum þess að kjosa ekki megi hugsanlega rekja til neikvaeðrar reynslu eldri kjosenda af efnahagshruninu arið 2008, en jafnframt bent a að „nenna ekki að kjosa“ getur lika verið merki um oanaegju með stjornmal sem mogulega ma rekja til hrunsins og atburða eftir það.
Comparison of Advanced Turbulence Modeling Approaches for Fluid-Structure Interaction

Fluid structure interaction (FSI) phenomena arise in many engineering application areas, such as flutter analysis of aircraft wings, structural design of bridges and buildings, and blood flow analysis through arteries. Experimental methods and apparatus could lack the ability to study complex real-world systems involving FSI phenomena. On the other hand, numerical simulations can be used to gain useful insight into the complex interaction phenomena between fluids and solids. These numerical methods have to be tested against experimental benchmark cases to access efficiency and stability. Many of the practical engineering applications involve turbulent fluid motion. This makes it important to study FSI phenomena in turbulent flows. Gomes and Lienhart [1] proposed a corresponding benchmark test case. The structural model for this test case consists of a thin flexible sheet attached to a revolvable cylinder. A rectangular end mass is attached to the other end of the sheet. The Reynolds number based on cylinder diameter is 15000. We present a numerical study of this test case, employing different turbulence modelling techniques. An implicit partitioned coupling approach is used to solve the coupled problem. The finite volume flow solver FASTEST is utilized to compute the fluid subproblem, while the finite element structural solver FEAP is used to solve the structural subproblem. Both solvers are second order accurate in time and space. MpCCI is used for data transfer and interpolation, where also non-matching grid interfaces can be handled. Force prediction based on previous time-steps is employed to accelerate FSI convergence. A 2-d URANS approach using the elliptical relaxation (ζ-f) turbulence model[2] successfully captures the oscillation mode. Further investigations are performed using DDES with ζ-f as baseline RANS model as well as LES. Cylinder deflection angles, trailing edge coordinates and oscillation frequencies of the structural system from simulations show a reasonable agreement with the experimental data.
Hierarchical control of production with stochastic demand in manufacturing systems

This paper addresses a stochastic optimal control problem for a reliable single-product manufacturing system with a finite capacity. The demand by customers is stochastic in a finite planning horizon, and is described by a known continuous function. A two-level hierarchical control model is developed. In the first level, a stochastic linear-quadratic optimal control problem is formulated to determine the target values of the state and control variables, with the variables being the desired inventory level and desired production rate, respectively. The goal of the second level is to maintain the inventory as close as possible to its desired level as well as to maintain the production rate as close as possible to its desired rate with fluctuating demand. This problem is represented as a recursive optimization control problem (predictive control) with one state variable (the inventory level) and one control variable (the production rate). The purpose of this study is to establish the optimal production control strategies satisfying a stochastic demand that minimizes the total average quadratic cost and the sum of the mean square deviations of inventory and production for the first and second levels, respectively. The solution is obtained by applying the stochastic optimal control principle based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle using the Euler-Maruyama scheme. A numerical example and sensitivity analyses are presented to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.
Behind the Scenes of Transparency – A Study of a Swedish Denim Company

During recent decades, a call for increased transparency has been a reaction to the increasing complexity and opaqueness of contemporary society, where information about simple items, e.g. the origin of our everyday products, is difficult to obtain. One of the industries struggling with the complexities of long supply chains is textile and clothing. To explain organisational transparency, previous research has mainly emphasised the outcomes of the organisation’s transparency attempt, in terms of degrees, with the underlying assumption that transparency can be measured and verified. Recent streams of research have problematized this understanding of transparency, by focusing on the dynamic aspects of transparency. This study explores the phenomenon of organisational transparency by examining how it can be understood from an institutional perspective, with the aim of providing insights into the making of transparency in practice. Nudie Jeans Co, serves as an example illustrating how transparency work is carried out within an organisation. By combining an institutional perspective with a longitudinal study, this study examines how transparency work is the result of a translation process within the organization; how, by combining different rationales, it serves to address legitimacy, as well as the different intended and unintended consequences of transparency work. The findings show how the organisation embraces transparency, entailing that the company has engaged whole-heartedly in actively translating and transforming transparency. Three rationales underlying transparency are outlined: i.e. to conform, to differentiate and to influence. These rationales reflect different strategic responses to institutional pressure, ranging between complying with and challenging existing norms. Based on the study’s findings as regards the consequences of transparency for the organisation and the organisational field, it is argued that transparency comes with a potential for change. The study concludes with the concept of balanced transparency, in order to explain how transparency work is a balancing act between translations, rationales and consequences. Balanced transparency thus assists in explaining what happens behind the scenes of organisational transparency.
Gender Differences in Climate Change Risk, Food Security and Adaptation: A Study of Rural Householdsâ€™ Reliance on Agriculture and Natural Resources to Sustain Livelihoods

Climate and weather variability in sub-Saharan Africa disproportionately leave female-headed households food insecure. However, the extent and reasons for these gender differences are, thus far, not well understood. This study examines gender-food-climate connections using longitudinal data from rural households in north-eastern South Africa. Results confirm gender distinctions in that male-headed households are more food secure. Importantly, however, female-headed households are not a homogenous group. Participation in agriculture and utilisation of natural resources narrows the male-female consumption gap to 10.3% amongst de jure female-headed households â€“ those with female heads who are single, widowed, divorced, or separated. Yet, these land-based practices are associated with a greater male-female gap (27.4%) amongst de facto female-headed households â€“ married female heads who are married, but whose husbands are away. Further, and contrary to expectation, weather-related crop failure threatens food security in both male- and female-headed households, but less so amongst de facto female-headed households, who remain more dependent on remittances.
A stratified jet model for AGN emission in the two-flow paradigm

Context. High-energy emission of extragalactic objects is known to take place in relativistic jets, but the nature, the location, and the emission processes of the emitting particles are still unknown. One of the models proposed to explain the formation of relativistic ejections and their associated non-thermal emission is the two-flow model, where the jets are supposed to be composed of two different flows, a mildly relativistic baryonic jet surrounding a fast, relativistically moving electron positron plasma. Here we present the simulation of the emission of such a structure taking into account the main sources of photons that are present in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Aims. We try to reproduce the broadband spectra of radio-loud AGNs with a detailed model of emission taking into account synchrotron and inverse-Compton emission by a relativistically moving beam of electron positron, heated by a surrounding turbulent baryonic jet. Methods. We compute the density and energy distribution of a relativistic pair plasma all along a jet, taking into account the synchrotron and inverse-Compton process on the various photon sources present in the core of the AGN, as well as the pair creation and annihilation processes. We use semi-analytical approximations to quickly compute the inverse-Compton process on a thermal photon distribution with any anisotropic angular distribution. The anisotropy of the photon field is also responsible for the bulk acceleration of the pair plasma through the “Compton rocket” effect, thus imposing the plasma velocity along the jet. As an example, the simulated emerging spectrum is compared to the broadband emission of 3C 273. Results. In the case of 3C 273, we obtain an excellent fit of the average broadband energy distribution by assuming physical parameters compatible with known estimates. The asymptotic bulk Lorentz factor is lower than what is observed by superluminal motion, but the discrepancy could be solved by assuming different acceleration profiles along the jet.
Yorùbá Beadwork in Africa

The following text has been excerpted from the companion publication, which is divided into three sections: “Yoruba Beadwork in Africa” by Henry John Drewal, “Yoruba Beadwork in the Americas” by John Mason (with essays by Drewal and Pravina Shukla), and a catalogue of the African objects in the exhibition. Here, Drewal's introduction to African beadwork is followed by a selection from Mason's discussion.