Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antarctic/Scotia plate convergence off southernmost Chile

The southern tip of South America off Chile has suffered a long phase of ocean-continent convergence which has shaped the continental margin through different phases of accretion and tectonic erosion. The present accretionary wedge is a discontinuous geological record of plate convergence and records only part of the accretionary processes resumed after Chile ridge consumption (14 Ma). The structural style of the subduction complex, such as rates of sediment accretion and tectonic erosion, structural vergence, width of the accretionary wedge, taper angle and deformation in the forearc basin, varies along the margin. Large taper values are related to narrow wedges and seaward vergent structures. Low tapers occur where deformation at the toe of the accretionary complex is spread over wide areas and is related both to landward and seaward vergent thrust faults. Seismic data interpretation contributes to define more accurately frontal wedge morphology and geometry of subduction and suggests that different modes of accretion together with tectonic erosion may be active concurrently along the trench at different locations. In areas of subduction driven accretionary processes the majority of trench sediments are involved in accretionary processes and sediments are uplifted and piled up in the form of imbricate thrust sheets. In areas where the wedge is non-accretionary the continental margin shows steeper continental slopes associated with narrow accretionary wedges, more intense sediment disruption and very shallow decollement levels. Variation in structural style and in the geometry of the forearc region setting off Southernmost Chile, has been interpreted as related to the existence of different structural domains: the nature of their boundaries is still unclear mainly for the lack of high resolution bathymetric data. They have been tentatively related to tectonic lineaments belonging to the Magellan Fault system and/or to the character and morphology of the converging plates (lateral heterogeneities, sea-mounts and fracture zones), which produce a segmentation of the margin.
ASSESSMENT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY USING FUZZY ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS

Together with the managerial decision to run a business in accordance with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) principles, important steps dealing with the necessity of systematic CSR evaluation and measurement should be discussed. Organizations could choose from varied evaluation tools and procedures such as a special CSR audit, a certification, a quality mark, a non-financial report, a standard, or sustainability indices that differ in methodologies, complexity and scopes of their appropriate usage in various business sectors and organization structures. The main goal of this paper is focused on the application of the linear goal programming priority method together with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (in short LGPPM-FAHP) in a complex CSR assessment of three major telecommunication organizations operating in the Czech Republic (T-Mobile Czech Republic, a.s., Vodafone Czech Republic, a.s. and O2 Czech Republic, a.s.). This paper proposes a systematic approach to evaluate CSR using linguistic scales that enable a decision maker to express his/her uncertainty in decision-making processes. It is described how the LGPPM-FAHP could be used as a helpful managerial tool providing reliable sources for a CSR assessment.
Managing Relationships with Environmental Stakeholders : A Study of U . K . Water and Brian Harvey Electricity Utilities

In this paper we report a study of the approach of six U.K. water and electricity companies towards managing the relationship with their ‘green’ stakeholders. Stakeholders are accorded increasing importance in political discourse and stakeholder theory is emerging as a promising framework for the analysis of corporate social performance. We studied the companies’ general approach towards green stakeholders, their dealings with specific stakeholder groups and whether they emphasised the consultation or the information aspect of stakeholder management. We found that none of the six companies had a systematic stakeholder approach that extended to all potential green stakeholders. Rather, the importance of specific stakeholder groups seemed to be determined by managers’ intuition and by the stance that the stakeholders themselves displayed towards the company. Green stakeholders with an institutional power base – government via legislation, environmental and industry regulators – emerged as the most immediately influential stakeholders. The Environment Agency, the environmental regulator, played an especially important role in the companies’ environmental management. Customers and the general public – the source of corporate social legitimacy – were also considered to be important, but their influence was more long term and based on voice, rather than the potential for direct retaliation. Economic stakeholders were generally considered to be not very interested in the companies’ environmental performance. Introduction Environmental concerns are frequently at the top of the list of social expectations a company has to face. The demand from a diversity of sources for environmentally sensitive business practices is increasingly difficult to ignore. Yet, environmental issues are often complex, different environmental considerations may be at odds with each other, and it is not easy for managers to decide which environmental problems deserve priority in the face of limited company resources. Similar problems of defining issues and deciding on priorities are, of course, typical for social issues management in general. Companies often resort to stakeholder consultation to resolve conflicting interests (Zadek, 1998) and stakeholder theory is increasingly being used by scholars to explain companies’ social performance (Ullmann, 1985; Roberts, 1992; Clarkson, 1995; Litz, 1996; Mitchell et al., 1997). Similarly, the environmental management literature tends to place some importance on stakeholder consultation (e.g. Shrivastava, 1994; Stead and Stead, 1996). Starik (1995) even goes as far as suggesting that the environment should be considered a stakeholder in its own right.
Real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction to quantify the effects of different sources of dietary starch on Bifidobacterium in the intestinal tract of piglets

Twenty-eight PIC male piglets (similar birth and parity, weaned at 21±1.5 days) were used to study the effect of the different sources of dietary starch on the number of Bifidobacteria in the digesta of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon. Pigs were randomly assigned to one of four diets formulated with corn starch, wheat starch, tapioca or pea starch. The determined ratio of amylose to amylopectin for these starches was 0.21, 0.24, 0.12 and 0.52, respectively based on the 16s rRNA sequences of maximum species of Bifidobacterium from GenBank to design the primers and probe. TaqMan polymerase chain reaction was developed to quantify the number of Bifidobacterium. We used this assay to detect genomic DNA of Bifidobacterium in the intestinal tract digesta of piglets, including duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon. Our results indicated that, developed new real-time quantitative PCR assays can be allowed for rapid, convenient, reproducible and steady quantification of the Bifidobacterium in the intestinal content of piglets. Additionally, the present study revealed that high amylose/amylopectin ratio of starches significantly enhanced the numbers of Bifidobacterium in all segments of intestine.
Hybrid Cascaded MLI topology using Ternary Voltage Progression Technique with Multicarrier Strategy

A major problem in conventional multilevel inverter is that an increase in power semiconductor switches causes an increase in cost and switching losses of the inverter. The multicarrier strategy adopted for the multilevel inverters has become more popular due to reduced cost, lower harmonic distortion, and higher voltage capability than the conventional switching strategy applied to inverters. Various topologies and modulation strategies have been reported for utility and drive applications. Level shifted based pulse width modulation techniques are proposed to investigate the performance of the multilevel inverter. The proposed work focuses on reducing the utilized switches so that the cost and the switching losses of the inverter do not go up and the consistent efficiency could be achieved. This paper presents the detailed analysis of these topologies. The analysis is based on the number of switches, DC sources, output level, maximum voltage, and the efficiency. As an illustration, single phase cascaded multilevel inverter topologies are simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK and the experimental results demonstrate the viability of these inverters.
Job Loss and Immigrant Labour Market Performance

While integration policies typically focus on labor market entry, we present evidence showing that immigrants from low-income countries tend to have more precarious jobs, and face more severe consequences of job loss, than natives. For immigrant workers in the Norwegian private sector, the probability of job loss in the near future is twice that of native workers. Using corporate bankruptcy for identification, we find that the adverse effects of job loss on future employment and earnings are more than twice as large for immigrant employees.
PCDTBT: From Polymer Photovoltaics to Light-Emitting Diodes by Side-Chain-Controlled Luminescence

Poly[N-9′-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole) (PCDTBT) is a copolymer composed of alternating thiophene–benzothiadiazole–thiophene (TBT) and carbazole (Cbz) repeat units widely used for stable organic photovoltaics. However, the solubility of PCDTBT is limited, which decreases polymer yield and makes synthesis and purification tedious. Here, we introduce a strategy to increase both solubility and luminescence by the statistical incorporation of additional hexyl side chains at the TBT unit (hex-TBT). An increasing amount of hex-TBT as comonomer from 0 to 100% enhances solubility, leads to backbone torsion, and causes a blue-shift in the absorption and emission spectra. While photovoltaic performance of both PCDTBT:P3HT blends and PCDTBT:PC71BM blends decreases with increasing content of hex-TBT due to weaker and blue-shifted absorption, the luminescence properties can be systematically improved. Both photo- and electroluminescence (PL and EL) quantum efficienci.
Responses of psbA, hli and ptox genes to changes in irradiance in marine Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus

Expression of 3 gene families involved with photoacclimation — psbA (encoding the photosystem II reaction center protein D1), hli (encoding the high-light inducible proteins), and ptox (encoding the plastid terminal oxidase) — was compared in the marine cyanobacteria Synechococcus WH8102 and Prochlorococcus MED4 acclimated to either low or high light. These 2 strains, adapted for growth in oligotrophic marine environments, have distinct light-harvesting systems and respond differently to changes in irradiance. In response to growth at higher irradiance, Synechococcus WH8102 increased expression of the psbA multigene family (psbA1-4) 5-fold. Within this gene family, the expression of psbA2 increased 60-fold. Expression of 4 hli genes increased 2- to 5-fold, whereas expression of the ptox gene decreased 3-fold. In comparison, expression of the psbA gene increased 2-fold in Prochlorococcus MED4 cultures grown at higher irradiances. Expression of the Prochlorococcus MED4 hli6-9 and hli16-19 operons increased 11- to 14-fold, while ptox expression increased 3-fold. Using psbA induction as a standard for acclimation to changes in irradiance, we observed that the induction ratio of ptox:psbA1 and hli:psbA1 was 144 and 70 times greater, respec- tively, in Prochlorococcus MED4 compared with Synechococcus WH8102. These observations sug- gest that induction of ptox and hli may play a key role in the phototolerance of Prochlorococcus MED4. Conversely, the induction of psbA, and the synthesis of the PSII reaction center protein D1, may be critical for the acclimation of Synechococcus WH8102 to high irradiances.
Coupled simulations and comparison with multi-lidar measurements of the wind flow over a double-ridge

The wind flow over a double-ridge site has been numerically simulated with a nested model- chain coupling, down to horizontal resolutions of 40 m. The results were compared with field measurements attained using a triple-lidar instrument, the long-range WindScanner system, which allowed measurements up to 500 m height and the mapping of the wind speed onto a two-dimensional transect crossing the valley. The site, known as Serra do Perdigão, is located in central Portugal and consists of two parallel ridges 1.4 km apart with height differences of 200 m in between, being characterized by rough terrain and forested areas. The analysis was restricted to June 10th 2015, for which measurements and simulations both predicted gravity wave activity, the later showing formation of rotors in the lee of both ridges and some events of wave breaking above the ridge top.
Managing data updates and transformations : a study of the what and how

Cleaning data (i.e., making sure data contains no errors) can take a large part of a project’s lifetime and cost. As dirty data can be introduced into a system through user actions (e.g., accidental rewrite of a value or simply incorrect information), or through the process of data integration, datasets require a constant iterative process of collecting, transforming, storing, and cleaning [20]. In fact, it has been estimated that 80% of a project’s development and cost is spent on data cleaning [12]. The research we are undertaking seeks to improve this process for users who are using a centralized database. While expert users may be able to write a script or use a database to help manage, verify, and correct their data, non-computer experts often lack these skills and thus, trawling through a large dataset is no easy feat for them. Non-expert users may lack the skills to effectively find what they need and often may not even be able to efficiently find the starting point of their data exploration task. They may look at a piece of data and be unsure of whether or not this piece of data is worth trusting (i.e., how reliable and accurate is it? ). This thesis focuses on a system that facilitates this data verification and update process to help minimize the amount of effort and time put in to help clean the data. Most of our effort concentrated on building this system and working on the details needed to make it work. The system has a small visualization component designed to help users determine the transformation process that a piece of data has gone through. We want to show users when a piece of data was created along with what changes users have made to it along the way. To evaluate this system, an accuracy test was run on the system to determine if it could successfully manage updates. A user study was run to evaluate the visualization portion of the system.
The Notion of General Value in Economics

This paper introduces the concept of general value with two components—monetary and nonmonetary. The nonmonetary component reflects individual perception of value unrelated to the monetary part of it. The fundamental difference between the concept of general value and the conventional concepts of value is in the expansion of the concept from monetary only to a more general concept by adding a distinct nonmonetary component. The paper introduces the principle of increasing general value which states that in every action or transaction the general value for each participant should increase. This principle lays the foundation for value-based decision making. To make a decision, an individual needs to assess a difference of general values before and after the action or transaction or to order values rather than to accurately calculate the values themselves. General value can be measured either rationally, similar to utility, or with “bounded rationality”, as suggested in behavioral economics, or in any other way which is appropriate and convenient to use. General value in economics plays a similar role as energy in physics and can be referred to as “economic energy. ” General value constitutes a more comprehensive foundation of economics than traditionally used pure monetary value, and thus goes beyond the classical and neoclassical approaches.
The effects of water table draw‐down (as a surrogate for climate change) on the hydrology of a fen peatland, Canada

Hydrological response to climate change may alter the biogeochemical role that peatlands play in the global climate system, so an understanding of the nature and magnitude of this response is important. In 2002, the water table in a fen peatland near Quebec City was lowered by ∼20 cm (Experimental site), and hydrological response was measured compared to Control (no manipulation) and Drained (previously drained c. 1994) sites. Because of the draw‐down, the surface in the Experimental pool decreased 5, 15 and 20 cm in the ridge, lawn and mat, respectively, increasing bulk density by ∼60% in the Experimental lawn. Hydraulic conductivity (K) generally decreased with depth and from Control (25–125 cm) 10−1 to 10−5 cm s−1 to Experimental (25–125 cm) 10−2 to 10−7 cm s−1 and to Drained (25–75 cm) 10−2 to 10−6 cm s−1. In similar topographic locations (ridge, lawn, mat), K trended Control > Experimental > Drained, usually by an order of magnitude at similar depths in similar topographic locations. Water table fluctuations in the Drained site averaged twice those of the Control site. The water table in the Control lawn remained at a stable depth relative to the surface (∼− 1 cm) because the lawn peat floats with changes in water table position. However, the Drained lawn peat was more rigid because of the denser degraded peat, forcing the water to fluctuate relative to the surface and further enhancing peat decay and densification. This provides a positive feedback loop that could intensify further peat degradation, changing the carbon cycling dynamics. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of temperature and salinity on germling development and fitness in the brown macroalga Fucus serratus L.

Fucoid brown algae form extensive populations that dominate the intertidal and subtidal vegetation on temperate rocky shores. The persistence of populations of fucoid brown algae depends on their reproductive ability and the survival and growth of early life history stages (germlings) that are generally more susceptible to stressors than adults. In this study, the effects of temperature and salinity on germling development and fitness in the brown macroalgae Fucus serratus is assessed by studying rhizoid elongation, photosynthetic performance and survival in a matrix of four different temperatures and three salinities. It was hypothesized that both lower and higher than normal temperatures (12°C - 17°C) would constitute environmental stress and affect germling fitness, and that these effects would be exacerbated by sub-oceanic salinities below 32 psu. The results show that temperatures lower than the normal summer temperatures (6°C) have significant negative effects on both growth and survival as well as on photosynthesis, while there are no effects of higher than normal temperatures (22°C) alone. Sub-oceanic salinities affect growth and survival negatively, but only at the lowest salinity (18 psu), and have no effect on photosynthetic parameters. We conclude that higher water temperatures will not affect germling fitness, and thus F. serratus persistence, negatively, but low salinities and lower water temperatures will.
Plasma Ascorbic Acid Levels and G-6-PD Activities in Symptomatic, Asymptomatic Malaria and Malaria Negative Subjects

Malaria parasite endemicity and development have been associated with ascorbic acid availability and the activity of G-6-PD. There is no record of studies that relate the two parameters in malaria subjects. Plasma ascorbic acid levels and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity in symptomatic malaria, asymptomatic malaria and malaria negative subjects in Calabar Municipality were measured to evaluate the relationship. The level of ascorbic acid in malaria subjects (2.22±1.82m/dl) was significantly lower (P<0.05) than the level in control subjects (3.47±0.97mg/dl). However, the level of ascorbic acid in symptomatic malaria (2.22 ± 1.82 mg/dl) was significantly lower than the level in control subjects (P<0.05). The G-6-PD activities in malaria positive subjects, (asymptomatic, 12.75 ± 6.2U/gHb and symptomatic malaria, 18.5 ± 6.1U/gHb) were significantly higher than the activity in control subjects (8.34 ± 6.6U/gHb, P<0.05). The G-6-PD/ascorbic acid ratios in non-malaria (2.40), asymptomatic (3.73), and symptomatic (8.33) malaria subjects differed significantly (P<0.05). A positive correlations was observed between ascorbic acid level and G-6-PD activity in asymptomatic malaria subjects (r =0.444, p<0.05), while a negative correlation was observed in non-malaria subjects (r = 0.239, P<0.05). These results show an inverse relationship between ascorbic acid level and G-6-PD activity in malaria subjects. The G-6-PD/Ascorbic acid ratios differentiate between non-malaria, asymptomatic and symptomatic malaria. Both the levels of ascorbic and the activity of G-6-PD vary significantly with malaria status and with level of malaria parasitaemia. From these finding we advice that G-6-PD activity results should be interpreted in relation to malaria status in malaria endemic zones.
Power Efficient Data-Aware SRAM Cell for SRAM-Based FPGA Architecture

The design of low‐power SRAM cell becomes a necessity in today's FPGAs, because SRAM is a critical component in FPGA design and consumes a large fraction of the total power. The present chapter provides an overview of various factors responsible for power consumption in FPGA and discusses the design techniques of low‐power SRAM‐ based FPGA at system level, device level, and architecture levels. Finally, the chapter proposes a data‐aware dynamic SRAM cell to control the power consumption in the cell. Stack effect has been adopted in the design to reduce the leakage current. The various peripheral circuits like address decoder circuit, write/read enable circuits, and sense amplifier have been modified to implement a power‐efficient SRAM‐based FPGA.
Dry matter production, chemical composition, dry matter digestibility and occurrence of fungi in Bermuda grass hay (Cynodon dactylon) under different fertilization systems or associated with pea plantings in winter

J.P. Ames, M.A. Neres, D.D. Castagnara, L.M. Mufatto, C. Ducati, C.C. Jobim, and T.T. Tres. 2014. Dry matter production, chemical composition, dry matter digestibility and occurrence of fungi in Bermuda grass hay (Cynodon dactylon) under different fertilization systems or associated with pea plantings in winter. Cien. Inv. Agr. 41(2): 163-174. This study aimed to evaluate the structural characteristics, dehydration curve, DM production, chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility and occurrence of fungi in Bermuda grass hay (Cynodon dactylon cv. ´Bermuda grass´, Tifton 85) produced in winter under different forms of fertilization or in association with a winter annual legume. The experimental design used was a randomized block with split plots in time and with four treatments: Bermuda grass without fertilization or intercropping, Bermuda grass with nitrogen (N) chemical fertilizer (100 kg N ha 1 year -1 ), Bermuda grass oversown with forage pea (Pisum arvense cv. ´Iapar 83´), and Bermuda