Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inkjet printing for flexible and wearable electronics

Flexible and wearable electronic devices are emerging as the novel platform for portable health monitoring, human–machine interaction, and some other electronic/optic applications. Future development of human-friendly smart electronics relies on efficient manufacturing and processing of advanced functional materials on flexible/stretchable substrates with effective device integration. Inkjet printing, known as a highly efficient solution-based printing and patterning technology with low-cost, high-quality, and high-throughput advantages, suits large-scale fabrication of flexible and wearable electronics. Over the years, researchers focused on high pattern resolution and uniformity on flexible substrates for advanced electrical/optical performances by various inkjet printing techniques. Different ink materials that can realize multiple functions have been fully investigated for achieving favorable printability and desired interactions with the substrates. Here, the most recently reported inkjet printing strategies, functional ink materials, and diverse inkjet-printed wearable electronic devices for practical applications (e.g., sensors, displays, transistors, and energy storage devices) are summarized. An outlook on future challenges as well as opportunities of inkjet-printed flexible and wearable electronics for research development and industrial commercialization is also presented.
Two-Dimensional Imaging of OH in a Lean Burning High Pressure Combustor

Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) images of OH have been obtained from an optically accessible, lean burning high pressure combustor burning Jet-A fuel. These images were obtained using various laser excitation lines of the OH A (reverse arrow) X (1,0) band for several fuel injector configurations with pressures ranging from 1013 kPa (10 atm) to 1419 kPa (14 atm). Non-uniformities in the combusting flow, attributed to differences in fuel injector configuration, are revealed by these images. Contributions attributable to fluorescent aromatic hydrocarbons and complex fuel chemistries are also not evident.
Interpretation of the temperature dependence of the quadrupole spin-lattice relaxation of 23Na in NaNO2

It is shown theoretically that the quadrupole relaxation probabilities W1 and W2 of 23Na in the ferroelectric material NaNO2, caused by random 180 degrees reorientations of the NO2 groups associated with the order-disorder transition, should be proportional to (1-S2)(1-S)exp( Delta U/kT), where S is the order parameter that characterizes the orientation of the NO2 groups and Delta U is the associated potential barrier. By using a theoretical expression for the temperature dependence of S derived by Yamada et al, and the values of W1 recently measured in the authors' laboratory, it is found that the above proportionality is accurately obeyed between 230 K and the critical temperature, 437 K. This shows that reorientations of the NO2 groups are essentially random in this temperature range. The agreement between experiment and theory becomes progressively worse as the temperature is reduced below 230 K, indicating that the reorientations are no longer random in that range. Below 150 K, spin-lattice relaxation of the 23Na nuclei occurs by spin diffusion to relaxation centres, believed to be reorienting NO2 groups situated about 3 nm apart. The analysis should be applicable to other materials that undergo a similar order-disorder transition.
Levels and Expression Patterns of Endogenous
Hormones during Seed Germination
of Dongxiang Wild Rice

Dongxiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff, hereafter DXWR), is very precious rice germplasm resource for maintaining genetic diversity of rice germplasm, but it has a strong dormancy property which will hinder the utilization of its germplasm resources. Here, the changes of endogenous hormone and the expression of endogenous hormone gene in DXWR and cultivated rice (9311) were analyzed using enzyme linked immunosorbent quantification and qRT-PCR. The result showed that only 30% of DXWR germination rate at 36-h and the highest germination rate displayed 83% at 92-h. The content of ABA and JA in DXWR mature seeds was higher than 9311, and the contents of GA and IAA for DXWR only slightly fluctuated during germination. The expression of ABA catabolic genes NCED and OsABA8OH in DXWR fast decreased before germination onset, however GAMYB and DAD (catabolic genes of GA and IAA, respectively) are low expression quantity during seed germination. These results provide important information about the seed dormancy release mechanism of DXWR and provide the theoretical basis for applying this wild rice germplasma.
Low‐temperature UV irradiation induced the color change kinetics and the corresponding structure development of PVC film

The low-temperature ultraviolet (UV) irradiation equipment, developed in our Lab, was used to study the photo-aging of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) films at low temperature. The color change kinetics and corresponding structure development of PVC film during low-temperature UV aging were studied through L*a*b* coordinates Commission International d' Eclau-age (CIE 1976 color space) and Ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV–vis) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was found that the yellowness difference (▵b*) and color difference (▵E*) of the PVC film increased almost linearly with the aging time. Their values had a slower change at lower temperature. The kinetic study showed that the relationship between the velocity of coloration of the PVC film and the temperature agreed well with Arrhenius equation at low temperature. The activation energy of coloration of the PVC film was calculated. The FTIR spectra indicated that photo-dehydrochloration, resulting in the generation of conjugated carbon–carbon double bonds, was the main reaction for PVC during photo-aging at low temperature. Meanwhile, the photo-oxidation was also obvious and could not be neglected. It clearly confirmed that the absorption peaks of conjugated carbon–carbon double bond increased and shifted to longer wavelength during photo-aging in the UV-abs analysis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
HYDRODYNAMIC CHROMATOGRAPHY IN NARROW AND WIDE-BORES; WHETHER RADIAL DIFFUSION IS ESSENTIAL OR NOT

Methodological features of hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC) both in narrow and wide-bores are discussed in this review. HDC in narrow-bore allows separation of particles or macromolecules having relatively large dimensions; whereas, wide-bore HDC (W-HDC) allows separation of even small molecules only if they have one-order different intrinsic diffusivity. Main focus is on the latter method. This method relies on the diffusion of analytes and laminar flow. Since a stable and well-defined laminar flow is established in a capillary, it is a suitable platform of W-HDC. We discuss the basic principles followed by some applications. In addition, the strategy for rapid separation is discussed on the basis of a convenient parameter derived from the advection-diffusion equation. Separation in the sub second range is possible with W-HDC by appropriate reduction of the system dimension.
University-Supported Networks as Professional Development for Teachers in School-Age Educare

One of the most valued types of professional learning for teachers are forums that allow them to share their practices with other teachers. This is paper examines how university-based learning networks support the professional development needs of teachers in School-Age educare. University- supported network provide a more informal approach to professional learning and allows the teachers in School-Age educare to connect with other teachers in their field. The network further provides the participants an opportunity to be an active part of the research that is conducted at the university and a platform for developing a collective agency.
Software fault prediction using Whale algorithm with genetics algorithm

Software fault prediction became an essential research area in the last few years, there are many prediction and optimization techniques that have been developed for fault prediction. In this paper, an approach is developed by integrating genetics algorithm with support vector machine (SVM) classifier and Whale optimization algorithm for software fault prediction. The developed approach is applied to 24 datasets (12‐NASA MDP and 12‐Java open‐source projects), where NASA MDP is considered as a large‐scale dataset, and Java open source projects are considered as a small‐scale dataset. Results indicate that integrating Genetics algorithm with SVM and Whale algorithm improves the performance of the software fault prediction process when it is applied to large‐scale and small‐scale datasets and overcome the limitations that appeared in the previous studies.
Low-Profile Spidron Fractal Dipole Antenna with a Ferrite-Loaded Artificial Magnetic Conductor for Manpack Applications

In this paper, a Spidron fractal dipole antenna with a ferrite-loaded artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is presented. By applying ferrite composed of nickel–zinc with a high permeability value, a compact AMC that operates in the broadband frequency range within the high-frequency/very-high-frequency/ultra-high-frequency (HF/VHF/UHF) bands was designed. A Spidron fractal-shaped dipole antenna with a quasi-self-complementary structure was designed and combined with a miniaturized ferrite-loaded AMC. This allowed the designed AMC-integrated dipole antenna to operate in a wide frequency band, covering the HF/VHF/UHF bands, with low-profile characteristics. A prototype of the proposed Spidron fractal dipole antenna with the AMC was manufactured and measured and found to meet low VSWR (voltage standing wave radios) specifications of <3.5 within the 20–500 MHz bandwidth range. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The size of the Spidron fractal dipole antenna with the AMC is 0.03× 0.026× 0.001 λ3 relative to the wavelength of the lowest operating frequency. The received power of the Spidron fractal dipole antenna with the AMC was also measured when it was applied to relatively small applications, such as a manpack in this case.
Combining Checkpoint and Process Learning Analytics to Support Learning Design Decisions in Blended Learning Environments

Learning analytics (LA) constitutes a key opportunity to support learning design (LD) in blended learning environments. However, details as to how LA supports LD in practice and information on teacher experiences with LA are limited. This study explores the potential of LA to inform LD based on a one-semester undergraduate blended learning course at a Norwegian university. Our findings indicate that creating valuable connections between LA and LD requires a detailed analysis of student checkpoints (e.g., online logins) and process analytics (e.g., online content and interaction dynamics) to find meaningful learning behaviour patterns that can be forwarded to teachers in retrospect to support the redesign of courses. Moreover, the teachers in our study found the LA visualizations to be valuable for understanding student online learning processes, but they also requested the timely sharing of aggregated LA visualizations in a simple, easy-to-interpret format, yet detailed enough to be informative and actionable. We conclude the paper by arguing that the potential of LA to support LD is improved when multiple levels of LA are considered.
Comparison Between the Theoretical and Experimental Performance of a Differential Mobility Analyzer with Three Monodisperse-Particle Outlets

Differential mobility analyzers (DMAs) with more than one monodisperse-particle outlet can offer a number of advantages compared to conventional single monodisperse-particle outlet designs. A generalized theoretical model and experimental measurements describing the performance of a DMA with 3 monodisperse-particle outlets have been independently reported in the literature. The objective of this article is to compare the theoretical predictions with the measurements. Resolutions determined by the theoretically predicted transfer functions for the three monodisperse-particle outlets are compared with measurements when the DMA was operated under different operating conditions. Predictions and measurements show good agreement when the DMA is operated at low sheath flow rates and for aerosol outlets relatively far from the aerosol inlet. For aerosol outlets relatively near the inlet there is evidence that the discrepancy between theoretical predictions and measurements may disappear at higher sheath flow rates, but the chances of flow disturbances in the classifier increase as well. The theory for multiple monodisperse-outlet DMAs is thus seen as successful in predicting the performance of this instrument, provided that disturbances in the flow field are avoided. Copyright 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research
Two Glutaraldehyde‐Immobilized Trypsin Preparations for Peptide Mapping by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis, Liquid Chromatography, and Mass Spectrometry

Abstract Trypsin was immobilized using glutaraldehyde either by covalent attachment to aminopropyl controlled pore glass (CPG) or by direct crosslinking without a carrier. As peptide mapping is a comparative method, reproducibility of the analytical separation techniques (liquid chromatography, HPLC, and capillary zone electrophoresis, CZE) and the proteolyses resulting from both enzyme preparations were evaluated. Elution time reproducibilities of 0.3 and 0.6% were found for HPLC and CZE maps, respectively. Proteolysis reproducibility was tested for each trypsin preparation and compared with solution phase proteolysis. Sequence coverages of ca 65% were obtained from matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization−time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectral mapping for the two solid phase preparations.
“Changing the Game—Neighbourhood”: An Energy Transition Board Game, Developed in a Co-Design Process: A Case Study

Communicating knowledge about energy transition is a challenge of sustainable development. Serious games are a possible approach to explain complex relationships and present them to citizens. This paper discusses the development process of the serious board game “Changing the Game—Neighbourhood”. Therefore, this paper describes our approach of developing a serious game with co-designers in four phases and illustrates the process using an example. Doing so, the paper focus on two central challenges: (1) How can a serious game be developed for the energy transition, which keeps a balance between learning and playability? (2) How can co-design contribute to the development of a serious game? We found out that the use of prototypes and the influence of different stakeholders as informants, co-designers, and testers were crucial for the expansion of the learning content, the improvement of the gameplay, and the balancing of the difficulty level. In addition, the energy transition at the neighborhood level appeared to be a suitable topic for a serious game. During the development process, the serious game was already used for citizen participation, involving about 120 participants in 15 workshops.
Anion exchange membranes from brominated poly(aryl ether ketone) containing 3,5-dimethyl phthalazinone moieties for vanadium redox flow batteries

A series of heterocyclic poly(aryl ether ketone)s containing 3,5-dimethyl phthalazinone moieties were synthesized via the copolymerization of 4-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)(2H)-phthalazin-1-one, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)(2H)-phthalazin-1-one and 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone. The resulting polymers were brominated with N-bromosuccinimide as the bromination reagent. Brominated poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) (BPPEK) with a degree of substitution in the range of 0.48–0.82 was obtained. Quaternized poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) anion exchange membranes (QBPPEK) were prepared from BPPEK membranes with trimethylamine as the amination reagent. Ion exchange capacity (IEC) values of the QBPPEK membranes were in the range of 0.82–1.53 mmol g−1. Compared with Nafion117 membrane, QBPPEK membranes showed much lower vanadium permeability. Coulombic efficiencies of the vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) with QBPPEK membranes were higher than that with the Nafion117 membrane. The energy efficiency of the VRB increased with an increase in the IEC of the QBPPEK membrane. The energy efficiency of the VRB cell with the QBPPEK membrane having an IEC of 1.53 mmol g−1 was 88%, which was higher than that of the cell with the Nafion117 membrane. During 100 charge–discharge cycles, the QBPPEK anion exchange membrane showed a stable performance.
Biomass and methane yield of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) as affected by single and double annual harvest

The replacement of silage maize with giant reed as energy crop has been proposed as a mean for reducing the need of irrigation water as well as monetary and environmental costs of cultivation. Little is known about giant reed response to within‐season harvesting, and its effect on the methane production in anaerobic digestion. The effect of three harvest schedules on yield, biomass composition and methane production of giant reed was evaluated at one site of the Po Valley, northern Italy, for three consecutive years. In a completely randomized block design with four replicates the treatments applied annually were: (i) double harvest 1: first cut at the end of June + second cut at the beginning of October (DH1); (ii) double harvest 2: first cut at the end of July + second cut at the beginning of October (DH2); (iii) single harvest at the beginning of October (SH). The crop stand was established in the year 2015 and treatments were repeatedly applied in the years 2016, 2017 and 2018. The SH treatment determined the highest average annual dry matter (DM) yield (59.0 Mg DM ha−1). The DM yield for treatments with double harvest was significantly lower, that is, −30% for DH1 and −15% for DH2. In terms of specific methane yield there was little advantage in harvesting biomass twice during the growing season. The average specific methane yield varied substantially between years (i.e. from 144 to 233 ml CH4 g−1 VS), and in every year the values tended to decrease with the ageing of harvested biomass. Methane yield per hectare, however, was driven by DM yield, thus SH also determined the highest average value (9110 m3 CH4‐STP ha−1). In conclusion, the single annual harvest at the end of the growing season is an ideal strategy for maximizing methane production from giant reed.
Identification of candidate odorant‐degrading enzyme genes in the antennal transcriptome of Aphidius gifuensis

Odorant‐degrading enzymes (ODEs) have been found in insect antennae and play a critical role in signal chemical degradation once the message is conveyed. Significant progress has been made in characterizing ODEs in a variety of pests but very little is known in their natural enemies. We have carried out an antennae‐ and sex‐specific transcriptome of Aphidius gifuensis, a natural enemy of aphid, to identify the candidate ODEs. Based on the antennae‐ and sex‐specific transcriptome, a total of 100 putative ODEs were identified including one aldehyde oxidase (AOX), four alcohol dehydrogenases (ADs), eight UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), 45 cytochrome P450 (P450s), nine glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) and 40 carboxylesterases (CCEs or CXEs). Additionally, we used RT‐qPCR to determine the expression profiles of these genes in tissues of both sexes. Based on the phylogenic analysis and tissue‐expression patterns, AgifEstE4, AgifCXE3, AgifCCE4, AgifCCE7, and AgifCCE18 were suggested as key ODEs in A. gifuensis. In addition, the female or male specifically enriched genes, such as AgifCCE17, AgifEstB1, AgifCYP18a1, AgifUGT2C2, were also considered to involve in the chemosensory processing in A. gifuensis. This study not only identified the candidate ODEs in A. gifuensis but also provided source for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms of chemical signal transductions in A. gifuensis, as well as other hymenopteran species.
Analytic Second Derivatives of the Potential Energy Surface

One of J. A. Pople's leading contributions in ab initio quantum chemistry was his 1979 paper in which he and his colleagues presented calculations for the analytic second derivatives of the Self Consistent Field Potential Energy surface. This led to the automatic characterization of stationary points as minima or transition states. Recently there has been an upsurge of interest in computational density functional theory (DFT). Here we describe our implementation of analytic gradients and second derivatives for the Kohn-Sham potential energy surface. This parallels similar developments by Pople and his coworkers. We examine Pople's idea of differentiating the weights in the quadrature scheme to ensure that the energy gradient is exactly zero at the energy minimum. We present some calculations on small molecules which are as near ‘exact’ as possible for the LDA and BLYP functional which we use. In other words we use large basis sets and a large number of quadrature points to evaluate the extra (nonanalytical) integrals. We do not use any fitting procedures and no other approximations are introduced.
Primal- and Dual-Mixed Finite Element Models for Geometrically Nonlinear Shear-Deformable Beams – A Comparative Study

The relationships between the system matrices of the displacement-based, a primal-mixed, a dual-mixed and a consistent primal-dual mixed finite element model for geometrically nonlinear shear-deformable beams are investigated. Employing Galerkin-type weak formulations with the lowest possible order, constant and linear, polynomial approximations, the tangent stiffness matrices and the load vectors of the elements are derived and compared to each other in their explicit forms. The main difference between the standard and the dual-mixed element can be characterized by a geometry-, material- and meshdependent constant that can serve not only as a locking indicator but also to transform the displacement-based element into a shear-locking-free dual-mixed beam element. The numerical performances of the four different elements are compared to each other through two simple model problems. The superior performance of the mixed, and especially the dual-mixed, beam elements in the nonlinear case is demonstrated, not only for the deflection, but also for the force and moment computations.
Upholding Safety in Future Energy Systems: The Need for Systemic Risk Assessment

This paper argues that energy systems are becoming increasingly complex, and illustrates how new types of hazards emerge from an ongoing transition towards renewable energy sources. It shows that the energy sector relies heavily on risk assessment methods that are analytic, and that systemic methods provide important additional insights. A case study of the Dutch gas sector illustrates this by comparing the hazard and operability study (HAZOP, analytic) with the system-theoretic process analysis (STPA, systemic). The contribution is twofold. This paper illustrates how system hazards will remain underestimated by sustained use of only analytic methods, and it highlights the need to study the organization of safety in energy transitions. We conclude that appropriate risk assessment for future energy systems involves both analytic and systemic risk assessments.