Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of the ankle angle on the electromyographic activity of the trunk and lower extremities during isometric squat exercises

Background : Life in modern society has become convenient, but the lack of exercise due to a sedentary lifestyle has led to muscle weakness. The quadriceps femoris is essential for walking, standing, and using stairs in daily life. Muscle weakness can lead directly to impaired function. Squatting is the most representative exercise for effective muscle development and increasing the knee extensor strength. This study examined the effects of ankle angle during wall squats on the muscle activity of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO), vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), rectus abdominis (RA), and erector spinae (ES) to determine which ankle angle can better strengthen the vastus medialis oblique as a method of rehabilitation training after a knee joint injury. Methods : All subjects (n = 20) performed the following three types of wall squats randomly: (1) GWS (General Wall Squat), (2) WSD 10° (Wall Squat with dorsiflexion 10°), and (3) WSP 10° (Wall Squat with plantarflexion 10°). Each subject completed all three kinds of wall squatting exercises three different times, and the muscle activity data of the VMO, VL, RF, BL, RA, and ES were recorded. Results : Compared to GWS exercise, the VMO and RF muscle activity increased significantly under WSP 10° exercise ( p < 0.05), whereas the VL, BF, RA, and ES activity did not increase significantly ( p > 0.05). No significant change between WSD 10° and WSP 10° was observed ( p > 0.05). Conclusions : WSP 10° can help increase the quadriceps muscle activity. Wall squat exercise with different ankle angles can be used for quadriceps muscle strengthening training for normal people and for recovery training for patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) patients in the rehabilitation stage.
Learning a Robust Hybrid Descriptor for Robot Visual Localization

Long-term robust visual localization is one of the main challenges of long-term visual navigation for mobile robots. Due to factors such as illumination, weather, and season, mobile robots continuously navigate with visual information in a complex scene, which is likely to lead to failure localization within a few hours. However, semantic segmentation images will be more stable than the original images against considerable drastically variable environments; therefore, to make full use of the advantages of both semantic segmentation image and its original image, this paper solves the above problems with the latest work of semantic segmentation and proposes the novel hybrid descriptor for long-term visual localization, which is generated by combining a semantic image descriptor extracted from segmentation images and an image descriptor extracted from RGB images with a certain weight, and then trained by a convolutional neural network. Our experiments show that the localization performance of our method combining the advantages of semantic image descriptor and image descriptor is superior to those long-term visual localization methods with only an image descriptor or semantic image descriptor. Finally, our experimental results mostly exceed state-of-the-art 2D image-based localization methods under various challenging environmental conditions in the Extended CMU Seasons and RobotCar Seasons datasets in specific precision metrics.
Expression Analysis and Interaction Protein Screening of CRY1 in Strawberry

Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), a main blue light receptor protein, plays a significant role in several biological processes. However, the expression patterns and function of CRY1 in strawberry have not been identified. Here, the expression profile of CRY1 in different tissues and developmental stages of strawberry fruit, and expression patterns response to abiotic stresses (low temperature, salt and drought) were analyzed. Its subcellular localization, interaction proteins and heterologous overexpression in tobacco were also investigated. The results showed that CRY1 was mainly expressed in leaves and fruits with an expression peak at the initial red stage in strawberry fruit. Abiotic stresses could significantly induce the expression of CRY1. The CRY1 protein was located in both nucleus and cytoplasm. Five proteins (CSN5a-like, JAZ5, eIF3G. NF-YC9, and NDUFB9) interacting with CRY1 were discovered. Genes related flowering times, such as HY5 and CO, in three overexpressed FaCRY1 tobacco lines, were significantly upregulated. Taken together, our results suggested CRY1 have a broad role in biological processes in strawberry.
A hypergraph structure-based model for the evolution of drug targeted hypernetworks

Based on the traditional drug-target interactions, a drug-target hypernetwork evolution model was constructed using hypergraph theory. The evolutionary law of the growth of drug-target interactions was analyzed by mean-field theory, and it was found that the distribution of drug-target hypernetwork conformed to a power-law distribution, and further theoretical analysis obtained that the power exponent of the distribution was correlated with the growth rate of the target species corresponding to drug development. A larger exponent tends to explore new targets. By analyzing the drug target data collected from the drugbank in 2021, it was confirmed that the empirical results are consistent with the theoretical analysis and simulation results.
An Examination of Independent Inventor Integration in Open Innovation

Open Innovation allows independent inventors to become suppliers of new product ideas to businesses. Unfortunately, only a small percentage of independent inventor approaches, to companies operating Open Innovation mechanisms, result in a commercialised product. Preliminary Critical Success Factors proposed in the previous chapter seek to improve the ability of independent inventors to operate as effective suppliers of new product ideas to businesses through Open Innovation. This chapter will take the preliminary critical success factors proposed in the previous chapter and utilise them as priori constructs (Eisenhardt, 1989) as evidence is sought through case study for their presence or non-presence in a practical context. A case study on the Caparo RightFuel, an automotive device originating from an independent inventor and commercialised through an Open Innovation model, forms the basis of this chapter. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61350-165-8.ch009
MicroRNA-4735-3p Facilitates Ferroptosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Targeting SLC40A1

Objective Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the major histopathological subtype of renal cancer, and ferroptosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of ccRCC. The present study was aimed at investigating the role and underlying mechanisms of microRNA-4735-3p (miR-4735-3p) in ccRCC. Methods Human ccRCC cell lines were transfected with the miR-4735-3p mimic or inhibitor to manipulate the expression of miR-4735-3p. Cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, cell invasion, cell death, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and iron metabolism were determined. To validate the necessity of solute carrier family 40 member 1 (SLC40A1), human ccRCC cell lines were overexpressed with SLC40A1 using adenoviral vectors. Results miR-4735-3p expression was reduced in human ccRCC tissues and cell lines but elevated upon ferroptotic stimulation. The miR-4735-3p mimic increased, while the miR-4735-3p inhibitor decreased oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, iron overload, and ferroptosis of human ccRCC cell lines. Mechanistic studies identified SLC40A1 as a direct target of miR-4735-3p, and SLC40A1 overexpression significantly attenuated iron overload and ferroptosis in the miR-4735-3p mimic-treated human ccRCC cell lines. Conclusion miR-4735-3p facilitates ferroptosis and tumor suppression in ccRCC by targeting SLC40A1.
Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Fibroblasts Accelerate Wound Repair of Cystic Fibrosis Epithelium

Cystic fibrosis (CF) airways are affected by a deranged repair of the damaged epithelium resulting in altered regeneration and differentiation. Previously, we showed that human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) corrected base defects of CF airway epithelial cells via connexin (CX)43-intercellular gap junction formation. In this scenario, it is unknown whether hAMSCs, or fibroblasts sharing some common characteristics with MSCs, can operate a faster repair of a damaged airway epithelium. A tip-based scratch assay was employed to study wound repair in monolayers of CFBE14o- cells (CFBE, homozygous for the F508del mutation). hAMSCs were either co-cultured with CFBE cells before the wound or added to the wounded monolayers. NIH-3T3 fibroblasts (CX43+) were added to wounded cells. HeLa cells (CX43-) were used as controls. γ-irradiation was optimized to block CFBE cell proliferation. A specific siRNA was employed to downregulate CX43 expression in CFBE cells. CFBE cells showed a delayed repair as compared with wt-CFTR cells (16HBE41o-). hAMSCs enhanced the wound repair rate of wounded CFBE cell monolayers, especially when added post wounding. hAMSCs and NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, but not HeLa cells, increased wound closure of irradiated CFBE monolayers. CX43 downregulation accelerated CFBE wound repair rate without affecting cell proliferation. We conclude that hAMSCs and fibroblasts enhance the repair of a wounded CF airway epithelium, likely through a CX43-mediated mechanism mainly involving cell migration.
An Improved Sensorless Control of Induction Motor Using ADALINE: Theory and Experiment

This article develops a new observer to achieve highly speed estimation for induction motor control. Its principle consists of estimating flux and speed separately, by using linear Luenberger as flux observer and intelligent PI controller as rotor speed estimator. Considering that is generally challenging to established proper PI parameters, the ADALINE algorithm is integrated as a trainable module to automatically calculate the KP and the KI gains in each iteration during all operation induction motor. This algorithm helps to search on the one hand the best regulation of the controller in real-time, taking into account the objectives to achieve (an accurate estimation) and the respect constraints (heavy calculation). On the other hand, it makes it possible to improve the adaptive Luenberger estimation problem in the unobservable zone (low speed). The experimental comparison of the observers demonstrates the visible improvement of the enhanced observer. It can converge to real speed in a short time with less static and transient error.
Unveiling the Function of the Mitochondrial Filament-Forming Protein LACTB in Lipid Metabolism and Cancer

LACTB is a relatively unknown mitochondrial protein structurally related to the bacterial penicillin-binding and beta-lactamase superfamily of serine proteases. LACTB has recently gained an increased interest due to its potential role in lipid metabolism and tumorigenesis. To date, around ninety studies pertaining to LACTB have been published, but the exact biochemical and cell biological function of LACTB still remain elusive. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge about LACTB with particular attention to the implications of the recently published study on the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the filamentous form of LACTB. From this and other studies, several specific properties of LACTB emerge, suggesting that the protein has distinct functions in different physiological settings. Resolving these issues by further research may ultimately lead to a unified model of LACTB’s function in cell and organismal physiology. LACTB is the only member of its protein family in higher animals and LACTB may, therefore, be of particular interest for future drug targeting initiatives.
Slope stability simulation modeling and safety analysis of tailings dam

Advantages and disadvantages were summarized by comparing several main calculation methods of slope stability,and then limit equilibrium analysis methods covered by some common methods were systemically studied and analyzed.Meanwhile,SLIDE software was introduced into slope stability analysis in some actual project in order to analyze the applied strategy and calculating results.The results show that since slope visual simulation model which is established accurately and directly reflects really circs and soakage cure status,it is necessary for accurately calculating safety factor of dam stability.Safety factor values of slope in different periods about the natural water level,floodwater level and encountering earthquake are accurately calculated.Meanwhile,the overall process and good results are gained though calculating by Fellenius method and checking again by Bishop method,combined with probability distribution of dam safety factors.The slope stability calculation and safety analysis of tailings dam based on SLIDE software reflect the actual circs efficiently,accurately and directly.
Upper‐Troposphere Saddle‐Like Response to Springtime Surface Sensible Heating Over the Tibetan Plateau: Combined Effect From Baroclinic and Barotropic Process

The surface sensible heating over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a significant, elevated heating source in spring (March‐April‐May, MAM). It exerts considerable thermal effects on both regional and global climate. During MAM, the surface sensible heating over the TP triggers a giant saddle‐like circulation anomaly in the upper troposphere at 200 hPa. Although this structure was observed a long time ago and it contributes to the stationary wave, its formation mechanism remains unclear. Using the Linear Baroclinic Model, we reveal the evolution of this structure in detail. In the initial state, a typical baroclinic anticyclone with a vertical phase tilt forms around the heating source. When the wave propagates downstream due to strong relative vorticity advection and favorable lower level circulation, an anticyclone with a barotropic structure forms downstream. Our analysis indicates that both the barotropic process and baroclinic process contribute to the formation of the saddle‐like structure, and the latter is associated with the spring unique background circulation and vertical heating structure over the TP.
Scalable Level Generation for 2D Platforming Games

In this paper we present a model for procedural generation of 2D platforming levels, with the aim to ensure content can be scaled as players progress. Levels are generated through use of a two-phased generate and test approach, with the first reliant upon a grammar for generation of activities, while the latter is focussed on the positioning of geometry. These methods are made scalable courtesy of a budget-driven approach that limits the expressiveness of each component. We investigate the effectiveness of this approach and the playable levels it can generate for a 2D `infinite runner' video game.
Coordinated control strategies for a micro-grid based on droop characteristics

Micro-grid technology aims to solve the problems caused by the large-scale grid-connected operation of distributed generator,and increase the power supply reliability.The coordinated control strategy of micro-sources is the key for the stability of micro-grids.The generic control method and coordinated control strategy of power electronics interface micro sources are analyzed in detail,and a coordinated control strategy for multi micro-source based on droop characteristics is presented in this paper.Using the feedback system BIBO stability criterion rooted in small gain theorem,the influence of the droop gains on the stability of the micro-grid system is analyzed to develop a way to a droop gain design.The proposed design method is verified by the simulation based on Matlab/Simulink.
Enhancement of Cholinesterase Inhibition of Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. Essential Oil by Microemulsions

This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and reveal the selective inhibitory activity of Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. essential oil (AGO) on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) compared to butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The chemical composition of AGO was investigated by means of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Ellman’s method was used to determine the inhibitory activities against AChE and BChE. Microemulsion systems with desirable anticholinesterase effects were developed. Methyl cinnamate and 1,8-cineole were reported as the major component of AGO. The IC50 values of A. galanga oil against AChE and BChE were 24.6 ± 9.6 and 825.4 ± 340.1 µg/mL, respectively. The superior selectivity of AGO on AChE (34.8 ± 8.9) compared to galantamine hydrobromide (6.4 ± 1.5) suggested AGO to be an effective ingredient with fewer side effects for Alzheimer’s treatment. Interestingly, the microemulsion of AGO possessed significantly higher anticholinesterase activity than that of native oil alone. Therefore, microemulsion of AGO is a promising alternative approach for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
Predicting Student Outcomes in Online Courses Using Machine Learning Techniques: A Review

Recent years have witnessed an increased interest in online education, both massive open online courses (MOOCs) and small private online courses (SPOCs). This significant interest in online education has raised many challenges related to student engagement, performance, and retention assessments. With the increased demands and challenges in online education, several researchers have investigated ways to predict student outcomes, such as performance and dropout in online courses. This paper presents a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art studies that examine online learners’ data to predict their outcomes using machine and deep learning techniques. The contribution of this study is to identify and categorize the features of online courses used for learners’ outcome prediction, determine the prediction outputs, determine the strategies and feature extraction methodologies used to predict the outcomes, describe the metrics used for evaluation, provide a taxonomy to analyze related studies, and provide a summary of the challenges and limitations in the field.
upU-Net Approaches for Background Emission Removal in Fluorescence Microscopy

The physical process underlying microscopy imaging suffers from several issues: some of them include the blurring effect due to the Point Spread Function, the presence of Gaussian or Poisson noise, or even a mixture of these two types of perturbation. Among them, auto–fluorescence presents other artifacts in the registered image, and such fluorescence may be an important obstacle in correctly recognizing objects and organisms in the image. For example, particle tracking may suffer from the presence of this kind of perturbation. The objective of this work is to employ Deep Learning techniques, in the form of U-Nets like architectures, for background emission removal. Such fluorescence is modeled by Perlin noise, which reveals to be a suitable candidate for simulating such a phenomenon. The proposed architecture succeeds in removing the fluorescence, and at the same time, it acts as a denoiser for both Gaussian and Poisson noise. The performance of this approach is furthermore assessed on actual microscopy images and by employing the restored images for particle recognition.
Study of application of strength reduction dynamic analysis method to aseismic design of anti-slide piles for landslide

Using dynamic finite difference software-FLAC, combining with strength reduction dynamic analysis method, a new method for anti-sliding pile aseismic design is proposed. Taking the security and stability factor of the landslide as a discount factor of rock mass parameters, then the rock mass parameters is discounted. Using FLAC dynamic analysis, soil-pile dynamic interaction is considered; the peak internal forces of piles engendered during the earthquake is divided by the coefficient of concrete strength increasing under earthquake, which compared with the internal forces of piles after the earthquake, the larger is considered to be the value of internal forces for aseismic design. While after the piles have been supported, the dynamic safety factor of the landslide should greater than the acceptable value to ensure the landslide would not damage over topping. An example of landslide with pile supported is given. The results show that the strength reduction dynamic analysis method is able to consider soil-pile dynamic interaction, and get the real distributed form of thrust force, so as to provide a new idea for aseismic design of anti-slide piles.
Can Thailand Protect 30% of Its Land Area for Biodiversity, and Will This Be Enough?

: The draft post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework asks CBD parties to conserve at least 30% of the planet by 2030 ‘through a well-connected and effective system of protected areas . with the focus on areas particularly important for biodiversity’. We use Thailand as a case study for the ability of a densely populated, hyper diverse, tropical, middle-income country to meet this target at a national level. Existing protected areas (PAs) total 24.3% of Thailand’s land area. Adding forest on government land adjacent to existing PAs, plus unprotected areas of Ramsar sites, raises this to 29.5%. To assess the importance for biodiversity, we used modeled distributions of birds and mammals plus, as proxies for other biodiversity components, elevation, bioclimate, forest type, and WWF ecoregion. All modeled species occur in the current PA system but <30% meet representation targets. Expansion of the system increases the proportion of mammals and birds adequately protected and increases the protection for underrepresented bioclimatic zones and forest types. The expanded system remains fragmented and underrepresents key habitats, but opportunities for increasing protection of these are limited. It is also still vulnerable to climate change, although projected impacts are reduced. Additional protection is needed for wetland and coastal habitats, and limestone karsts.
Spatially-Adaptive Multilayer GAN Inversion and Editing

Existing GAN inversion and editing methods are well suited for only a target images that contain aligned objects with a clean background, such as portraits and animal faces, but often struggle for more difficult categories with complex scene layouts and object occlusions, such as cars, animals, and out-door images. We propose a new method to invert and edit such complex images in the latent space of GANs, such as StyleGAN2. Our key idea is to explore inversion with a collection of layers, spatially adapting the inversion process to the difficulty of the image. We learn to predict the “invertibility” of different image segments and project each segment into a latent layer. Easier regions can be inverted into an earlier layer in the generator’s latent space, while more challenging regions can be inverted into a later feature space. Experiments show that our method obtains better inversion results compared to the recent approaches on complex categories, while maintaining downstream editability.