Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global dynamics of the Einstein-Euler-Yang-Mills system in flat Robertson-Walker cosmologies

We apply a new global dynamical systems formulation to flat Robertson-Walker cosmologies with a massless and massive Yang-Mills field and a perfect-fluid with linear equation of state as the matter sources. This allows us to give proofs concerning the global dynamics of the models including asymptotic source-dominance towards the past and future time directions. For the pure massless Yang-Mills field, we also contextualize well-known explicit solutions in a global (compact) state space picture.
Pressure-induced amorphization and existence of molecular and polymeric amorphous forms in dense SO2

Significance Some substances are known to exist in several different structurally disordered solid states and transform between them similarly to structural phase transitions between crystalline polymorphs. This interesting and yet not fully understood phenomenon is called polyamorphism, and notable examples include water, SiO2, Si, etc. Here we present an example of such behavior in a simple molecular substance, SO2. By using experimental high-pressure techniques, we observe a reversible transition between different amorphous states around 26 GPa. Experimental results are well supported by ab initio simulations, which identify the high-pressure amorphous form as a nonmolecular, polymeric one consisting of intertwined chains. Our findings contribute to the fundamental understanding of structure of disordered matter as well as high-pressure behavior of simple archetypal molecules. We report here the pressure-induced amorphization and reversible structural transformation between two amorphous forms of SO2: molecular amorphous and polymeric amorphous, with the transition found at 26 GPa over a broad temperature regime, 77 K to 300 K. The transformation was observed by both Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell. The results were corroborated by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, where both forward and reverse transitions were detected, opening a window to detailed analysis of the respective local structures. The high-pressure polymeric amorphous form was found to consist mainly of disordered polymeric chains made of three-coordinated sulfur atoms connected via oxygen atoms, with few residual intact molecules. This study provides an example of polyamorphism in a system consisting of simple molecules with multiple bonds.
On the non-monotonicity of entropy for a class of real quadratic rational maps

We prove that the entropy function on the moduli space of real quadratic rational maps is not monotonic by exhibiting a continuum of disconnected level sets. This entropy behavior is in stark contrast with the case of polynomial maps, and establishes a conjecture on the failure of monotonicity for bimodal real quadratic rational maps of shape \begin{document}$ (+-+) $\end{document} which was posed in [ 10 ] based on experimental evidence.
On the beam properties of radio pulsars with interpulse emission

In the canonical picture of pulsars, radio emission arises from a narrow cone centred on the star’s magnetic axis but many basic details remain unclear. We use high-quality polarization data taken with the Parkes radio telescope to constrain the geometry and emission heights of pulsars showing interpulse emission, and include the possibility that emission heights in the main and interpulse may be different. We show that emission heights are low in the centre of the beam, typically less than 3 per cent of the light cylinder radius. The emission beams are underfilled in longitude, with an average profile width only 60 per cent of the maximal beamwidth and there is a strong preference for the visible emission to be located on the trailing part of the beam. We show substantial evidence that the emission heights are larger at the beam edges than in the beam centre. There is some indication that a fan-like emission beam explains the data better than conal structures. Finally, there is a strong correlation between handedness of circular polarization in the main and interpulse profiles, which implies that the hand of circular polarization is determined by the hemisphere of the visible emission.
Spectral clustering based approach for controller placement problem in software defined networking

In a large-scale SDN, the network was effectively managed by deploying multiple controllers. In order to improve reliability and reduce delay in the existing multi-controller deployment scheme, we proposed a Multi-Controllers Elastic Placement (MCEP) algorithm based on reliability and delay. First, the multi-controller deployment problem was transformed into the row vector classification problem of the network topology matrix based on spectral clustering. Then, the k-medoids algorithm based on simulated annealing was used to classify the row vectors to achieve the flexible deployment of multiple controllers. The simulation results show that, compared with the existing algorithms, while guaranteeing low delay, the reliability of control paths increase by 17% on average.
LIGHT COUPLING INTO PLANAR DIELECTRIC WAVEGUIDE BY PLASMONIC NANOPARTICLES

In this thesis work, a concept of window integrated solar concentrator, that takes advantage of light coupling into a planar dielectric waveguide via localized surface plasmons (LSP) on metallic nanoparticles was investigated. Different methods for nanoparticle fabrication were examined for the purpose of producing particles that have localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) just beyond the wavelength of visible light. Particles were characterized by means of transmittance spectroscopy. Most importantly, a method and setup for direct optical measurements of the coupling of light into a planar waveguide by plasmonic nanoparticles was developed, in order to study the efficiency of the proposed window integrated solar consentrator. Samples consisting of Au nanodisks deposited either on plain 1mm thick glass slides or glass slides coated with highrefractive-index dielectric material were fabricated for the measurements. While the light coupling into the waveguide by the particle plasmons was succesfully detected by the direct optical measurement, it was also found out that, due to a waveguide-mediated effect, the nanoparticles also very strongly absorb the in-coupled light. This presents a fundamental obstacle for the current window integrated solar consentrator design based on plasmonic nanoparticles.
FRANCHISING AS THE MODEL OF INTERNATIONALISATION OF RETAILING

Franchising is a system that can be applied in many sectors of the economy. In recent years, it has become a major driving force in the process of internationalisation of the service sector, especially in retailing. Retail chains are increasingly using franchising in the process of expanding their operations on the domestic as well as the international market. The issue of expansion of retail chains to international markets attracted the attention of theoreticians and practitioners in the late 20 and early 21 century. In this context, the models of internationalisation of retailing arouse particular interest, yet there is some inconsistency in the literature regarding the development of the internationalisation of retailing through the model of franchising. The aim of this paper is to analyse franchising as the model of internationalisation of retailing. The starting hypothesis of this work is that franchising stands for the significant model of internationalisation of retailing. Another hypothesis is that the choice of franchising as the model of internationalisation of retailing has a positive impact on a company’s revenue. Both hypotheses will be tested through the development of the model of regression analysis, which includes the determinants of revenue of retail companies that use franchising as the model of internationalisation. The study sample includes 30 retail companies from the list of 250 largest retail companies by sales volume in 2012.
Queueing Network Based Driver Model for Varying Levels of Information Processing

With growing interest in the topic of smart computing and context-aware services, identifying driver's intention has become important in automotive industry. Among existing studies on driver assistance systems, few studies have used the concept of the levels of processing (LOP) to understand driver's information processing. This paper introduces experimental and computational studies that connect human behavior data to internal goal of a driver when an in-vehicle task involves visual search. In the case of consuming information displayed on a car instrument cluster, we considered two levels of information processing, perceptual and cognitive. Through an empirical study, we observed different human oculomotor behaviors that depend on the LOP by evaluating the reaction time (RT) and eye movement patterns. Further, we suggested different ways of information processing that can be represented as different routes in the underlying cognitive architecture of a queueing network. Simulation study demonstrated that trends in simulated oculomotor behavior were similar to those observed in the experiment, that is, RT at the cognitive LOP was shorter than that at the perceptual LOP, while eyes fixated for shorter duration and with lower frequency. In terms of application, this study reveals the possibility of using human-generated data for evaluating the innate purposes of drivers. Together with further development of sensors and invasive computing, the approach proposed in this paper could assist the realization of cognitive cars by understanding drivers’ intent using eye tracking technology.
0 N ov 2 01 6 Quantum trajectories under frequent measurements in non-Markovian environment

In this work we generalize the quantum trajectory (QT) theory from Markovian to non-Markovian environments. We model the non-Markovian environment by using a Lorentzian spectral density function with bandwidth (Λ), and find perfect “scaling” property with the measurement frequency (τ) in terms of the scaling variable x = Λτ . Our result bridges the gap between the existing QT theory and the Zeno effect, by rendering them as two extremes corresponding to x → ∞ and x → 0, respectively. This x-dependent criterion improves the idea of using τ alone, and quantitatively identifies the validity condition of the conventional QT theory.
Simulation and Optimization of Tri-Gates in a 22 nm Hybrid Tri-Gate / Planar Process

A Tri-Gate structure built into a planar 22 nm bulk process was investigated by 3-D device simulations (Sentaurus D-2010). The planar process flow sequence was extended with extra Tri-Gate patterning, but otherwise all implants were shared, as could be done in simultaneous processing of planar and Tri-Gate CMOS. A comparison of planar and Tri-Gate transistors with the same planar dopant profiles shows a substantial improvement of subthreshold slope, DIBL, and VT-rolloff for TriGates. The electrical behavior of the Tri-Gate transistor has been studied for various Tri-Gate heights and widths. A large space of Tri-Gate dimensions outperformed planar in terms of electrostatics and ION-IOFF characteristics.
Radon transform and pattern functions in quantum tomography

Abstract The two-dimensional Radon transform of the Wigner quasiprobability is introduced in canonical form and the functions playing a role in its inversion are discussed. The transformation properties of this Radon transform with respect to displacement and squeezing of states are studied and it is shown that the latter is equivalent to a symplectic transformation of the variables of the Radon transform with the contragredient matrix to the transformation of the variables in the Wigner quasiprobability. The reconstruction of the density operator from the Radon transform and the direct reconstruction of its Fock-state matrix elements and of its normally ordered moments are discussed. It is found that for finite-order moments the integration over the angle can be reduced to a finite sum over a discrete set of angles. The reconstruction of the Fock-state matrix elements from the normally ordered moments leads to a new representation of the pattern functions by convergent series over even or odd Hermite pol.
Design and implementation of a resource-secure system

This paper describes an operating system for safe execution of hard real-time and non real-time tasks on a single computer. Achieving this goal requires not only to follow the traditional behavioral security principles, but also new resource security principles throughout the system. Even if these principles put heavy constraints on the system, they make allocation predictable, immune from denial of service attacks, and allows ensuring a task will have enough resource to complete its execution. We prove that building resource-secure systems is pos-sible by describing the design and implementation of our prototype, Anaxagoros. The main issue for writing the system is synchronization, and we propose several novel ways to solve synchronization problems.
MEASUREMENT OF THE TIME-STRUCTURE OF THE 72 MEV PROTON BEAM IN THE PSI INJECTOR-2 CYCLOTRON

The time-structure monitor at the last turn of the 72 MeV Injector-2 cyclotron has been improved in order to meet the stringent time-resolution requirement imposed by the short bunch length. Protons scattered by a thin carbonfibre target pass through a first scintillator-photomultiplier detector and are stopped in a second one. The longitudinal bunch shape is given by the distribution of arrival times measured with respect to the 50 MHz reference signal from the acceleration cavities. From a coincidence measurement, the time resolution of the detectors has been determined to be 51 ps and 31 ps fwhm. Longitudinal and horizontal bunch shapes have been measured at beam currents from 25 µA to 1700 µA. Approximately circular bunches were observed with diameter increasing with current. The shortest observed proton bunch length was 38 ps fwhm.
An Effective Hit-or-Miss Layer Favoring Feature Interpretation as Learned Prototypes Deformations

Neural networks designed for the task of classification have become a commodity in recent years. Many works target the development of more effective networks, which results in a complexification of their architectures with more layers, multiple sub-networks, or even the combination of multiple classifiers, but this often comes at the expense of producing uninterpretable black boxes. In this paper, we redesign a simple capsule network to enable it to synthesize class-representative samples, called prototypes, by replacing the last layer with a novel Hit-or-Miss layer. This layer contains activated vectors, called capsules, that we train to hit or miss a fixed target capsule by tailoring a specific centripetal loss function. This possibility allows to develop a data augmentation step combining information from the data space and the feature space, resulting in a hybrid data augmentation process. We show that our network, named HitNet, is able to reach better performances than those reproduced with the initial CapsNet on several datasets, while allowing to visualize the nature of the features extracted as deformations of the prototypes, which provides a direct insight into the feature representation learned by the network .
Protection for Mixed-Voltage I / O in Low-Voltage Thin-Oxide CMOS

The thickness of gate oxide in advanced CMOS technologies has been scaled down to improve circuit operating speed. However, the I/O circuits must drive or receive high-voltage signals to communicate with other ICs in the microelectronic system. To solve the gate-oxide reliability issue without using additional thick gate oxide process [1], the stacked-NMOS configuration has been widely used in mixed-voltage I/O interfaces [1], [2]. But, stackedNMOS often have much lower electrostatic discharge (ESD) level and slower turn-on speed, as compared with single NMOS [3]. In this work, a novel ESD protection design with a high-voltage-tolerant power-rail ESD clamp circuit is designed to protect the mixed-voltage I/O interfaces against ESD stresses in a 0. 13μm 1.2V CMOS process.
Interface passivation and trap reduction via a solution-based method for near zero hysteresis nanowire FETs

In this letter we demonstrate a solution-based method for a one-step deposition and surface passivation of the as-grown silicon nanowires. Using N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as a mild oxidizing agent, nanowires’ surface traps density was reduced by over two orders of magnitude from 1x1013 cm-2 in pristine NWs to 3.7x1010 cm-2 in DMF treated NWs, leading to a dramatic hysteresis reduction in nanowire FETs from up to 32V to a near-zero hysteresis. The change of polyphenylsilane nanowire shell stoichiometric composition was confirmed by XPS analysis showing 35% increase in fully oxidized Si4+ species for DMF-treated
The Importance of Synthetic Datasets in Empirical Testing : Comparison of NL with MNL with Error Components Models

Logit models are often used in transportation to predict travelers’ choice of destinations, modes, routes, etc. The most commonly used logit models such as the multinomial logit (MNL) model (McFadden 1974), the nested logit (NL) model (Williams (1977), McFadden (1978)), and others belonging to the class of generalized extreme value (GEV) models (McFadden 1978) exhibit several limitations. In particular, these models cannot incorporate random taste variation and impose restrictive substitution patterns among alternatives. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in using mixed logits because they offer a high degree of modeling flexibility and are able to overcome limitations of GEV models. Specifically, mixed logits are attractive because they enable random taste variation by allowing parameters of the utility function to vary across individuals and have been shown to theoretically approximate any random utility model via the inclusion of an appropriate set of error components which induces correlation and/or heteroscedasticity among alternatives that share common unobserved characteristics (Dalal and Klein (1988); McFadden and Train (2000)).
Back Propagation Algorithm for Computerized Pape Evaluation using Neural Network

This research is focused on introducing a hypothetical approach to the field of computerized paper evaluation. This would help in developing a better and efficient way of developing an automatic evaluation of examinations. The usage of the traditional evaluation system makes use of pen and paper based technique. This way of evaluation is not as efficient as there are a number of factors that might affect the unbiased evaluation of the examination by the examiner. Hence using an automatic emotion less machine would help in building an evaluation system that is free of any biasness and is much quicker in response. Hence the focus is the present a better approach to the evaluation of the exams using the machine learning techniques with the help of neural networks and back propagation algorithms.
An Improved Method of Location of the Circular Target

In this paper, the two invariants in the perspective projection model of camera imaging process are analyzed and a five-point constraint is put forward. And then methods of determining the true projective position of the circular target using a concentric circular target, and an optimal method of suppressing stochastic errors in the location of circle centers with the optimization object function based on cross-ratio and the straightness of the fitting line are proposed with the help of hybrid particle swarm algorithm. All methods are combined into one locating method to obtain the true circles’ centers. The experiment shows that those methods which could be applied to computer vision and camera calibration are effective to compensate for the locating errors.
Global Warming and Carbon Dynamics in Permafrost Soils : Methane Production and Oxidation . In :

The Arctic plays a key role in the Earth’s climate system, because global warming is predicted to be most pronounced at high latitudes, and one third of the global carbon pool is stored in ecosystems of the northern latitudes. The degradation of permafrost and the associated intensified release of methane, a climate-relevant trace gas, represent potential environmental hazards. The microorganisms driving methane production and oxidation in Arctic permafrost soils have remained poorly investigated. Their population structure and reaction to environmental change is largely unknown, which means that also an important part of the process knowledge on methane fluxes in permafrost ecosystems is far from completely understood. This hampers prediction of the effects of climate warming on arctic methane fluxes. Further research on the stability of the methane cycling communities is therefore highly important for understanding the effects of a warming Arctic on the global climate. This review first examines the methane cycle in permafrost soils and the involved microorganisms. It then describes some aspects of the potential impact of global warming on the methanogenic and methanotrophic communities.
Perception of trust in the era of electronic word of mouth marketing

The thesis focuses on understanding independent travellers‟ behavior patterns regarding online travel planning, specifically on how travellers consider and evaluate information provided by different channels. The research was conducted based on data collecting from 88 students at the University of Stavanger, Norway. The main aim of the thesis is to find out the traveller‟s most preferred information provider, using Conjoint Analysis as the main research instrument. Four different information channels were included in the research, i.e. information from local tourism authority, recommendations from the traveller‟s friends or relatives, reviews and ratings from the website TripAdvisor, and promotional information from accommodation providers. Findings from the study suggest that recommendations from friends or relatives and reviews from TripAdvisor are considered significantly more important than the other two resources. Nevertheless, due to the issue of content‟s integrity on the website TripAdvisor, friends or relative‟s recommendations is considered the most reliable information source. Small analysese focusing on gender, experience and TripAdvisor usage difference also show interesting results regarding how travellers in different categories react to information provided by the four channels. In general, this study offers a number of interesting new theories and contributes significantly to the overall understanding of online consumer behaviors in tourism. In order to further developed these findings, recommendations for further studies in the field were also suggested.
Easy management and user interconnection across Grid sites

Distributed computing systems are undoubtedly a powerful resource, providing functions that no other system can do. However, their inherent complexity can lead many users and institutions not to consider these systems when faced by challenges posed by the deployment and administration tasks. The first solution for this problem is the European Grid Initiative (EGI) roll, a tool that simplifies and streamlines those tasks, by extending the tools that are currently available for cluster administration to the grid. It allows the infrastructure to be easily scaled and adopted by the institutions that are involved in grid projects such as EGI. The second part of this work consists of a platform that enables the interconnection of computing assets from multiple sources to create a unified pool of resources. It addresses the challenge of building a global computing infrastructure by providing a communication overlay able to deal with the existence of computing facilities located behind NAT devices. The integration of these two tools results in a solution that not only scales the infrastructure by simplifying the deployment and administration, but also enables the interconnection of those resources.