Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Pore Diameters and Amino-Organo Functional Structures on Mesoporous Silicas for DNA Adsorption

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) adsorption onto particles has applications in biosensors, separation methods, and gene delivery. Mesoporous silica (MPS), which exhibits a high surface area and large pore volume, is used in these applications because its pore size is easily controlled and its surface functional groups are easily exchanged. In this study, three types of MPSs with different pore sizes (2.4, 5.6, and 11.8 nm) were functionalized with different aminosilane coupling reagents and the effects of the MPS pore size and surface functional groups on DNA adsorption were evaluated. As the pore size of MPS increased, MPSs with diethylenetriamine (–3NH2) adsorbed higher amounts of DNA, whereas MPSs with hexylenediamine groups (–2HNH2) adsorbed lower amounts of DNA. Moreover, the fitting of DNA adsorption equilibrium data to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models was investigated.
Verification and Optimization of an Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) Sprayer Used for the Inactivation of Indoor Total Bacteria

Physical and chemical cleaning for the removal of indoor microorganisms, which can cause allergic reactions and respiratory diseases, is labor-intensive and time-consuming. An ultra-low volume (ULV) sprayer, a newly introduced device to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms, allows the disinfectant particles to reach hard-to-reach spaces indoors and is more cost-effective than the existing methods. However, few studies have been conducted to verify the efficiency of the ULV sprayer. Here, we verified the disinfection efficiency of the ULV sprayer for inactivating total bacteria present on indoor surfaces, considering the factors affecting bacteria inactivation, and presented the optimal ULV sprayer usage conditions to achieve the highest disinfection efficiency depending on room size. The total bacteria removal efficiency was high (range: 0.56–2.46 log10 reductions), including hard-to-reach spaces. A response surface model was developed to identify the individual and interactive effects of the disinfectant concentration, spray amount, and room size on total bacteria disinfection efficiency. These three variables had interactive effects on the total bacteria disinfection efficiency. The experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial model, with high coefficients of determination (R2) for all models (R2 > 0.82). The optimum conditions were a spray amount of 3.08–6.40 L in 160 m3, 3.78–7.22 L in 230 m3, and 5.68–8 L in 300 m3 surface area when using dilution rates of 100 times. These conditions predicted a bacterial disinfection efficiency of >1.10 log10 reductions (92%) on all surfaces. Our results clearly indicate that the ULV sprayer effectively inactivates total bacteria present on indoor surfaces.
A cross media search method for social networks based on adversarial learning and semantic similarity

Social networks contain abundant multimedia information. The research of cross media information search from social networks has become a hotspot. Semantic feature extractions and learnings on single modal shows an appropriate eﬀect on information search from social networks based on deep learning. But the features between diﬀerent modals cannot be compared directly, therefore the semantic gap between diﬀerent modals is the key problem to be resolved for cross media information search. Focus on the problems, in this paper, we propose a cross-media search method based on adversarial learning and semantic similarity to accomplish matching and sorting between text and image. This method mainly adopts adversarial learning to train a feature projecting network and a modal speciﬁc network. The feature projecting network working as a generator converts raw data from diﬀerent modals into a common semantic space based on the corresponding semantic distributions, through which the distance of data from diﬀerent modals is small under the same semantic space while the distance of data from same modal under diﬀerent semantics is large. The generator uses semantic distributions and similarities as the basis for training the feature projecting network. The discriminator aims at distinguishing the modality of the data from diﬀerent media projected into the common semantic space. The designed method with two networks is alternately trained until convergence when the feature obtained by the feature projecting network is consistent with the original data semantics, and the modal feature is eliminated. Finally, the search results are obtained by similarity ranking based on the raw data from the common semantic space. The experimental results show that the evaluation value of text and image search is higher than other similar methods. The eﬀectiveness of the method is validated on social network data on security topics.
The Structure of Carbon Nanotube Exohedral Complexes with Lithium in a Wide Range of Concentrations

The sorption properties of the outer surface of carbon nanotubes with respect to lithium are studied in connection with the search for new materials for lithium battery electrodes. The regularities of the atom ensemble structure with the increased adsorbate concentration have been investigated using ab initio method of computer modeling. Carbon nanotubes (7.7) fragment containing 112 carbon and up to 50 lithium atoms was studied. It is shown that the process of the sequential filling of the nanotube surface by adsorbate consists of two stages. The first of them (the concentration of Li is less than 8 – 9 at. %): distribution of adsorbate atoms on the surface of the tube is determined by the Coulomb repulsion of lithium ions. Chemical interaction between lithium atoms becomes significant at concentration 9 at. %. It leads to the formation of structures such as trimers and tetramers of lithium.
Nonideal nest box selection by tree swallows breeding in farmlands: Evidence for an ecological trap?

Abstract Animals are expected to select a breeding habitat using cues that should reflect, directly or not, the fitness outcome of the different habitat options. However, human‐induced environmental changes can alter the relationships between habitat characteristics and their fitness consequences, leading to maladaptive habitat choices. The most severe case of such nonideal habitat selection is the ecological trap, which occurs when individuals prefer to settle in poor‐quality habitats while better ones are available. Here, we studied the adaptiveness of nest box selection in a tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) population breeding over a 10‐year period in a network of 400 nest boxes distributed along a gradient of agricultural intensification in southern Québec, Canada. We first examined the effects of multiple environmental and social habitat characteristics on nest box preference to identify potential settlement cues. We then assessed the links between those cues and habitat quality as defined by the reproductive performance of individuals that settled early or late in nest boxes. We found that tree swallows preferred nesting in open habitats with high cover of perennial forage crops, high spring insect biomass, and high density of house sparrows (Passer domesticus), their main competitors for nest sites. They also preferred nesting where the density of breeders and their mean number of fledglings during the previous year were high. However, we detected mismatches between preference and habitat quality for several environmental variables. The density of competitors and conspecific social information showed severe mismatches, as their relationships to preference and breeding success went in opposite direction under certain circumstances. Spring food availability and agricultural landscape context, while related to preferences, were not related to breeding success. Overall, our study emphasizes the complexity of habitat selection behavior and provides evidence that multiple mechanisms may potentially lead to an ecological trap in farmlands.
A Pun Identification Framework for Retrieving Equivocation Terms based on HLSTM Learning Model

The artificial intelligence system is made linguistically intelligent through HLSTM model to identify pun expressions from code mixed text. The text available on social media domain is written in mixed script format and from these content puns word identification is a challenging task in this scenario. The retrieval of pun and its corresponding equivocation terms is very hard to retrieve from the transliterated text. The pun retrieval and its equivocation representation are widely used to present the opinions over the network applications. The work described in the paper gives the comparative view of different learning models and techniques applied in the area of transliteration for pun word retrieval. The rule framed approach is presented which accepts the roman form text as input and as per the defined rules the system is developed to give the equivocation words available in the sentence. The evaluation measures used here to validate the hypothesis is based on statistical measures along with HLSTM learning model. Further the result is validated using the voting technique that can choose appropriate equivocation label which are not identifies by the learning model. The use of voting technique here is to provide an extra edge when the proposed approaches suggest incorrect tag against the pun word. The voting approach enhances the overall result accuracy with high precision value.
Genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes and its shared genetic component with low birth weight in African Americans

Purpose of review Recent large-scale multiancestry efforts has contributed to our knowledge of the hereditary basis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The present review will summarize findings of the genetic basis of T2D in African Americans, a population group with a disproportionate burden of this disease. Recent findings To date, >400 risk genetic variants have been found to be associated with the risk of T2D across populations of different ancestries. Although these findings are based on primarily European-ancestry populations, most of the identified loci show similar associations in African Americans. Ancestry-specific analyses including genome-wide associations studies (GWAS) in African Americans, Africans; as well as admixture mapping scans in African Americans have identified additional risk variants and genomic loci associate with the risk of T2D. These efforts have also uncovered new genetic links between low birth weight and T2D. In particular, admixture mapping approaches have identified a shared genetic ancestry component of both phenotypic traits in African Americans. Summary Recent findings have helped us to better understand the genetic basis of T2D in African Americans. Of particular interest are new genetic discoveries linking low birth weight and T2D, two conditions with a much higher prevalence in African Americans compared to U.S. whites. Continuing work, including large-scale sequencing efforts would add to our knowledge of the genetic architecture of T2D in African Americans, as well as genetic links with other conditions.
Recessed AlGaN/GaN Schottky Barrier Diodes With TiN and NiN Dual Anodes

High-performance AlGaN/GaN lateral Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with recess structure and dual metal nitride anodes were demonstrated. With high work-function and nonrecess structure, a NiN anode enhances the breakdown voltage (BV), while a TiN anode reduces the turn-on voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) due to its low work-function and contact to the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) layer directly on a recess structure. As the length of the NiN anode (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{r}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) on the nonrecess region decreases from 75 to 3 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is reduced from 0.56 to 0.30 V, while the reverse leakage current slightly increases from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${3} \times {10}^{-{4}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${2} \times {10}^{-{3}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> A/cm<sup>2</sup> at the bias of −10 V. The lateral AlGaN/GaN SBD with a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{r}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 3 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at a distance of cathode–anode (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{\text {AC}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 20 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> achieves a high BV of 1.62 kV, an ultralow <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 0.30 V and a small capacitance of 6.0 pF at zero bias with little degradation on ON-resistance, indicating superior potential application in high-frequency and high-power devices.
Heterotrophic and Mixotrophic Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris using Chicken Waste Compost as Nutrients Source for Lipid Production

Microalgae have received global attention for the past decades as it shows promising results to be an alternative and sustainable energy resource due to their high growth rate and lipid production. In commercial microalgae cultivation, autotrophic method is always used to grow the microalgae. However, this method usually produces high biomass yield but low lipid content. One of the approaches to enhance the microalgae lipid yield is through heterotrophic and mixotrophic method, in which dark environment and organic carbon are introduced as a stress factor to induce the lipid productivity. In the present study, cultivations of microalgae were done using chicken compost and glucose under autotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. The highest absorbance attained for both heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation conditions were 1.650 and 2.184 respectively when 1.0 g/L of glucose was used. Absorbance and biomass are correlated, therefore the absorbance in this study signifies the amount of biomass produced. Moreover, the highest lipid yield was successfully attained at 45 wt% under mixotrophic condition. Overall, the lipid yield of microalgae cultivated under mixotrophic was higher than the heterotrophic condition when compost derived from chicken waste was used as nutrients source.
Review Paper on Distributed De-Duplication System using File and Block Level

: Data consolidation is a challenging issue in data integration. The usefulness of data increases when it is linked and fused with other data from numerous (Web) sources. The process of eliminating the repeated or duplicates copies of data is called as Data deduplication. Modern backup storage systems adopt deduplication to save space by eliminating data duplicates whereas impairing the storage reliability. As the world moves to digital storage for archival purposes, there is an increasing demand for systems that can provide secure data storage in a cost-effective manner. This data deduplication process is widely used in in cloud storage to decrease storage space and upload bandwidth. By using, deduplication system progress of storage utilization and reliability is increases. In addition, the dare of privacy for sensitive data also take place when they are outsourced by users to cloud. Planning to address the above security test, this paper constructs the first effort to celebrate the idea of scattered reliable deduplication system. This paper recommends a new distributed deduplication systems with upper dependability in which the data chunks are distributed from corner to cornering multiple cloud servers. The safety needs of data privacy and tag stability are also accomplish by introducing a deterministic secret sharing scheme in distributed storage systems, instead of using convergent encryption as in previous deduplication systems. A deduplication technique, on the other hand, can reduce the storage cost at the server side and save the upload bandwidth at the user side.
Social Media Accompanying Reading Together: A SMART Approach to Promote Literacy Engagement

Abstract Dialogic reading, in which parents engage children in discussion of books, is associated with long-term literacy success. Social media is an emerging platform for promoting behavioral change, but it has yet to be tested as a platform for engaging parents in use of dialogic reading strategies with their young children. This exploratory study was intended to determine whether social media is an appropriate platform through which to promote parent–child literacy behaviors in families of preschool-aged children, thus supporting future intervention development. We examined parents’ use of dialogic reading strategies following a social media–delivered training program, using an A-B single case research design. Seven parents of preschool-aged children received 27 one-minute videos delivered via Twitter over a 9-week treatment period. These videos provided instruction on dialogic reading strategies including asking comprehension questions, referencing print, and discussing vocabulary. Parents demonstrated increased use of dialogic reading strategies while reading consistent with instruction throughout the study. Children demonstrated gains on measures of comprehension and oral language from pretest to posttest, although gains on print awareness measures were less robust. Results support further development and evaluation of a social media parent training program. Social media is free, accessed by millions of people every day, and provides an adaptable avenue to reach families and promote engagement. Although further research is required, social media seems like a viable option to explore for changing parent behaviors.
Passivity‐based control laws for an unmanned powered parachute aircraft

In this paper, the development of passivity‐based control (PBC) algorithms to stabilize an unmanned powered parachute aerial vehicle is presented. The equations of motion of the system are presented in both Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms. The proposed controllers are based on the Hamiltonian function of the system and guarantee the parachute aircraft system stabilization. In the first control law a classic PBC strategy is proposed, and in the second, an interconnection and damping assignment‐passivity‐based control (IDA‐PBC) is chosen because of its inherent robustness against parametric uncertainty and unmodeled dynamics. The control objective is to reach a desired final position despite the initial launch conditions. Numerical simulations with variation in the parachute mass weight and in the presence of wind are carried out to validate our proposed schemes.
Accuracy of New Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Formulas: A Lens Thickness Study.

PURPOSE To investigate whether using lens thickness measurement as an optional input improves the refractive accuracy of four new generation formulas. METHODS Consecutive patients scheduled for cataract surgery were enrolled. Preoperative biometry was performed with an OA-2000 optical biometer (Tomey). All patients received the same monofocal intraocular lens (AcrySof SN-60WF; Alcon Laboratories, Inc). The Barrett Universal II (BUII), Emmetropia Verifying Optical (EVO), Kane, and Radial Basis Function (RBF) formulas were analyzed with and without the inclusion of lens thickness as an input. Postoperative refraction was measured at 1 month. The mean prediction error (PE), the median absolute error (MedAE), and the percentage of eyes with a PE within ±1.00 diopters (D) or less were calculated after constant optimization. RESULTS The final analysis was performed on 169 eyes of 169 patients. Comparison of the mean PE, MedAE, and the percentage of eyes with a PE within ±0.25, ±0.50, ±0.75, and ±1.00 D resulting from each formula with and without lens thickness did not reveal any statistically significant difference. Cochran's Q test showed a statistically significant difference among formulas in the percentage of eyes with a PE of less than ±0.50 D (P = .042). However, Dunn's post-hoc test did not show any statistically significant difference between any pair of formulas. CONCLUSIONS Lens thickness measurement did not improve the accuracy of the BUII, EVO, Kane, or RBF formulas. The RBF formula yielded the same results with and without lens thickness, thus making this input useless. [J Refract Surg. 2021;37(3):202-206. ].
Connecting in resettlement: An examination of social support among Congolese women in the United States

This article examines how refugees rebuild social support in resettlement from the perspectives of women who fled the Democratic Republic of Congo and ultimately resettled in the U.S. The qualitative study involved in-depth individual interviews in 2016 with 27 adult women who lived in a mid-size U.S. town. The findings shed light on strategies women engaged to rebuild social support in a resettlement context. Using an inductive analytical approach, researchers identified five inter-related themes: (1) reconfiguring family support; (2) engaging multiple sources for practical support; (3) accessing mentorship; (4) attending places of worship; and (5) sustaining a relationship with God. Additionally, the analysis revealed crosscutting types and sources of social support women sought and valued in resettlement. Types of social support included emotional, informational, mentorship, practical, relational, and spiritual. Sources of social support included family and loved ones spanning local, national, and transnational geographies, God, neighbors, places of worship, and the resettlement agency. These findings contribute to developing context-specific conceptualizations of social support, with implications for research and practice.
Not all wh-dependencies are created equal: processing of multiple wh-questions in Romanian children and adults

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the acquisition and processing of multiple who- and which-questions in Romanian that display ordering constraints and involve exhaustivity. Toward that aim, typically developing Romanian children (mean age 8.3) and adults participated in a self-paced listening experiment that simultaneously investigated online processing and offline comprehension of multiple wh-questions. The study manipulated the type of wh-phrase (who/which) and the order in which these elements appear (subject–object [SO]/object–subject [OS]). The response to the comprehension question could address the issue of exhaustivity because we measured whether participants used an exhaustive or a non-exhaustive response. Our findings reveal that both children and adults slow down when processing who- as compared to which-phrases, but only adults show an online sensitivity to ordering constraints in who-questions. Accuracy is higher with multiple who- than which-questions. The latter pose more difficulties for comprehension, particularly in the OS order. We relate this to intervention effects similar to those proposed for single which-questions. The lack of intervention effects in terms of reaction times indicates that these effects occur at a later stage, after participants have heard the whole sentence and when they interpret its meaning.