Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of full-contour zirconia

Adjustment of any premature occlusal contact of any zirconia restoration requires its polishing or glazing in order to restore the smoothness of the restoration. The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of different polishing systems and glazing on the surface roughness of full-contour zirconia. Material and methods: Forty disks (diameter: 8 mm, thickness: 6.4 mm) were prepared from pre-sintered full- contoured zirconia block; they were colored and sintered in a high-temperature furnace at 1500˚C for 8 hours. The specimens were then leveled and finished using grinding and polishing machine and adjusted using diamond disk. The specimens were then randomly divided into four groups (n=10), group I involves samples that were polished using (karat diamond polishing set, Vita zahnfabrik, Germany), group II involves samples that were polished with (zirconia polishing kit, SMEdent, Shanghai, China), group III involves samples that were polished with (OptraFine® diamond polishing system, Ivoclar Vivadent, Germany), while group IV involves samples that were glazed using glazing medium (VITA Akzent Glaze AKZ 25, Vita zahnfabrik, Germany). Surface roughness values (Ra) (in µm) of all the specimens were recorded at each stage of surface treatment of zirconia disks (leveling and finishing, adjustment of the samples and polishing / glazing) using surface roughness tester. Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA and LSD tests. Results: The results showed that the glazing group recorded the lowest surface roughness mean value, followed by (OptraFine® polishing system), then (zirconia polishing kit) and finally (karat polishing set) which showed the highest mean of surface roughness. For all groups, there was a statistically very high significant difference of (Ra) value before and after adjustment of the samples. Moreover, there was a statistically very high significant difference in (Ra) value when comparing the adjusted samples with the polished and glazed ones. Karat polishing set group showed a statistically highly significant difference with zirconia polishing kit group (P 0.05). Conclusions: Adjusting full-contour zirconia with diamond bur or disk resulted in a significant increase in (Ra) that necessitates its polishing or glazing to restore the surface smoothness. Furthermore, both glazing and OptraFine®
Interactive comment on “ Impact of relative humidity and particles size distribution on aerosol light extinction in urban area of Guangzhou ”

First of all, we would thank all anonymous referees for their valuable opinions and suggestions for the manuscript. With a month effort, some modifications and corrections have been made in the revised manuscript. Main features are: a. ISORROPIA II (Fountoukis, C. and Nenes, A., 2007) has been applied to determine the associations among ions and the mass of water uptake at a specific RH. Furthermore, EORI and EGF required by the Mie Model have been re-calculated accordingly. b. The particles number concentration measured by APS and the light scattering coefficient measured by Nephelometer have been averaged into daily values in order to be compatible with
Rolling Supply Chain Scheduling considering Suppliers, Production, and Delivery Lot-Size

Supply chain management and integration play a key factor in contemporary manufacturing concept. Companies seek to integrate itself within a cooperative and mutual benefiting supply chain. Supply chain scheduling, as an important aspect of supply chain management, highly emphasizes on minimizing stock costs and delivery costs. Most previous researches on supply chain scheduling problems assume make-to-order production, which includes delivery cost in lot-size. This practice simplifies the complexity of the problem. Instead, this research discusses make-to-contract production, where the supply chain has a rolling planning horizon that changes according to contracts. Within a planning horizon, two types of interval are defined. The first is frozen interval, in which the manufacturing decision cannot be changed. The second is free interval, where schedules can be adjusted depending on new contracts. This research aims to build a robust rolling supply management schedule to satisfy customers’ needs, by considering supplier, production, and delivery lot-size simultaneously. The objective is to effectively decide a combination of supplier, production, and delivery lot-size that minimizes total cost consisting of supplier cost, finish good stock cost, and delivery cost. Based on the concept, this study designs a problem-solving process that combines the methods of rolling planning horizon and genetic algorithm. Delivery size (DS), finish good stock (FS), and early delivery cost (ED) are the three methods applied; each will provide a guideline to produce a feasible solution. By further considering the fluctuations in practical needs and performing an overall evaluation, a robust and optimal supply chain scheduling plan can be decided, including the optimal lot-sizes of supplier, production, and delivery. In the effectiveness test which considers 3 types of customer demands and 11 types of company cost structures, the simulated data test results suggest that the proposed methods in this study have excellent performance.
Four Decadal Ocean-Atmosphere Modes in the North Pacific Revealed by Various Analysis Methods

Various statistical methods (empirical orthogonal function (EOF), rotated EOF, singular value decomposition (SVD), principal oscillation pattern (POP), complex EOF (CEOF) and joint CEOF) were applied to low-pass filtered (>7 years) sea surface temperature (SST), subsurface temperature and 500 hPa geopotential height in order to reveal standing and propagating features of decadal variations in the North Pacific. Four decadal ocean-atmosphere covariant modes were found in this study. The first mode is the well-known ENSO-like mode associated with the “Pacific-North American” atmospheric pattern, showing SST variations reversed between the tropics and the extratropics. In the western tropical Pacific, subsurface temperature variations were found to be out of phase with the SST variations. The other three modes are related to the oceanic general circulation composed of the subtropical gyre, the Alaskan gyre and the subpolar gyre, respectively. The 1988/89 event in the northern North Pacific was found to be closely associated with the subtropical gyre mode, and the atmospheric pattern associated with this mode is the Arctic Oscillation. An upper ocean heat budget analysis suggests that the surface net heat flux and mean gyre advection are important to the Alaskan gyre mode. For the subpolar gyre mode, the mean gyre advection, local Ekman pumping and surface net heat flux play important roles. Possible air-sea interactions in the North Pacific are also discussed. The oceanic signals for these decadal modes occupy a thick layer in the North Pacific, so that accumulated heat content may in turn support long-term climate variations.
Genetic Diversity of Indigenous Cattle Populations in Bhutan: Implications for Conservation

The Genetic diversity and relationship of native Siri (Bos indicus) cattle populations of Bhutan were evaluated using 20 microsatellite markers. A total of 120 Siri cattle were sampled and were grouped into four populations according to their geographical locations which were named Siri West, Siri South, Siri Central and Siri East cattle. For each, 30 individuals were sampled. In addition, 30 samples each of Indian Jaba (B. indicus), Tibetan Goleng (B. taurus), Nepal Hill cattle (B. indicus), Holstein Friesian (B.taurus) and Mithun (B. frontalis) were typed. The mean number of alleles per loci (MNA) and observed heterozygosity (Ho) were high in the Siri populations (MNA=7.2±0.3 to 8.9±0.5 and Ho=0.67±0.04 to 0.73±0.03). The smallest coefficient of genetic differentiation and genetic distance (FST=0.015 and DA=0.073) were obtained between Siri West and Siri Central populations. Siri East population is genetically distinct from the other Siri populations being close to the Indian Jaba (FST=0.024 and DA=0.084). A high bootstrap value of 96% supported the close relationship of Siri South, Siri Central and Siri West, while the relationship between Siri East and Jaba was also supported by a high bootstrap value (82%). Data from principal component analysis and individual assignment test were in concordance with the inference from genetic distance and differentiation. In conclusion we identified two separate Siri cattle populations in Bhutan at the genetic level. One population included Siri cattle sampled from the West, Central and South of the country and the other Siri cattle was sampled from the East of the country. We suggest that Siri cattle conservation program in Bhutan should focus on the former population as it has received less genetic influence from other cattle breeds. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. Vol 16, No. 7 : 946-951)
Methodological Approach to Determining the Effect of Parallel Energy Consumption on District Heating System

Abstract District heating (DH) offers the most effective way to enhance the efficiency of primary energy use, increasing the share of renewable energy in energy consumption and decreasing the amount of CO2 emissions. According to Article 9 section 1 of the Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings, the Member states of the European Union are obligated to draw up National Plans for increasing the number of nearly zero-energy buildings [1]. Article 2 section 2 of the same Directive states that the energy used in nearly zero-energy buildings should be created covered to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources, including energy from renewable sources produced on-site or nearby. Thus, the heat distributed by DH systems and produced by manufacturing devices located in close vicinity of the building also have to be taken into account in determining the energy consumption of the building and the share of renewable energy used in the nearly zero-energy buildings. With regard to the spreading of nearly zero-energy and zero-energy houses, the feasibility of on-site energy (heat and/or electricity) production and consumption in DH areas energy (i.e. parallel consumption, when the consumer, connected to DH system, consumes energy for heat production from other sources besides the DH system as well) needs to be examined. In order to do that, it is necessary to implement a versatile methodological approach based on the principles discussed in this article.
Pelvimetry of kuri and bunaji cows in Maiduguri metropolitan slaughterhouse, northern Nigeria

The study was conducted on 58 indigenous cattle consisting of 33 Kuri and 25 Bunaji cows slaughtered at the Maiduguri Metropolitan Slaughter house. The internal and external pelvic dimensions in the two breeds were obtained immediately post slaughter before the animals were dressed. The Mean ± SEM for pelvic area were found to be 120.83 cm ± 3.6 and 110.1 cm ± 3.4 for Kuri (K) and Bunaji (WF) respectively. The mean ± SEM for various body measurements were 80.98 cm ± 0.5 and 74.0 cm ± 0.8 for heart girth; 149.9 cm ± 1.1 and 138 cm ± 0.7 for height at withers; 129.3 cm ± 1.04 and 117.96 ± 1.4 for height at pin bone; 141.3 cm ± 0.54 and 131.7 cm ± 1.05 for height at hook bone; 46.2 cm ± 0.42 and 42.3 cm ± 0.51 for rump length; 43.6 cm ± 0.45 and 40.8 cm ± 0.74 for rump width; 10.7 cm ± 0.2 and 9.5 cm ± 0.16 bisilliac distance and 11.85 cm ± 0.02 and 11.12 cm ± 0.18 sacropubis distance for Kuri and Bunaji respectively. There was a significant correlation (P<0.05) between pelvic area and sacropubis, bisilliac, height at pin bone and height at withers in both breeds. The pelvic area was significantly (P<0.05) correlated with height at hook bone in Kuri cows but, there was no correlation with heart girth. The Bunaji showed a significant correlation of the pelvic area with the heart girth while, there was no correlation with the height at hook bone. A significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in the dimensions of the traits between the breeds except in the heart girth and rump width. The study indicated that the parameters measured above may be used as good indicators of cows with large pelvic area in both breeds.
Comparative Efficacy of Biofeedback Interventions in Predicting Improvements in Bilateral Soccer Shooting Performance

The beneficial impact of the differential biofeedback intervention technique on modification in autonomic competence, as well as the ultimate impact on bilateral shooting ability, were studied on young and competitive male soccer players. A total of 45 young high-performing soccer players in the age range of 18 to 24 years were recruited. At first, the players were subjected to baseline evaluation of psychomotor (i.e., reaction time – RT), physiological (viz. resting heart-rate; VO 2 Max, electrical muscle potentiality, etc.), and psychobiological indices (such as skin conductance components – latency, amplitude and recovery time). Thereafter, they were equally categorized into: Control Group, Experimental Group I [who received skin conductance (Sc) biofeedback training], and Experimental Group II [who received electromyography (EMG) biofeedback intervention training]. Participants of the experimental groups were subjected to their respective interventions (Sc & EMG biofeedback intervention training), which were imparted for 24 sessions (15 mins/day; 2 days/week for 12 weeks). After six weeks of intervention, mid-term evaluation of all of the aforementioned parameters (assessed during baseline evaluation) was performed. Thereafter, intervention sessions continued following the identical protocol for six weeks. At the end of the 12 th week, a post-intervention assessment on all of the psychological, psychomotor and psychobiological variables was carried out on all of the participants to verify the effect of training on dependent measures. Post-intervention analyses revealed improvements in physiological, psychobiological and performance parameters, which could be rationally attributed to the differential biofeedback therapeutic interventions introduced to the experimental groups. The outcome suggested that both interventions facilitated improvement in bilateral shooting ability, while in-depth analyses clarified that a higher extent of autonomic recovery emerged as the most significant factor facilitating shooting ability in the experimental groups.
High-Density Lipoprotein Proteomic Composition, and not Efflux Capacity, Reflects Differential Modulation of Reverse Cholesterol Transport by Saturated and Monounsaturated Fat Diets

Background— Acute inflammation impairs reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and reduces high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function in vivo. This study hypothesized that obesity-induced inflammation impedes RCT and alters HDL composition, and investigated if dietary replacement of saturated (SFA) for monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids modulates RCT. Methods and Results— Macrophage-to-feces RCT, HDL efflux capacity, and HDL proteomic profiling was determined in C57BL/6j mice following 24 weeks on SFA- or MUFA-enriched high-fat diets (HFDs) or low-fat diet. The impact of dietary SFA consumption and insulin resistance on HDL efflux function was also assessed in humans. Both HFDs increased plasma 3H-cholesterol counts during RCT in vivo and ATP-binding cassette, subfamily A, member 1–independent efflux to plasma ex vivo, effects that were attributable to elevated HDL cholesterol. By contrast, ATP-binding cassette, subfamily A, member 1–dependent efflux was reduced after both HFDs, an effect that was also observed with insulin resistance and high SFA consumption in humans. SFA-HFD impaired liver-to-feces RCT, increased hepatic inflammation, and reduced ABC subfamily G member 5/8 and ABC subfamily B member 11 transporter expression in comparison with low-fat diet, whereas liver-to-feces RCT was preserved after MUFA-HFD. HDL particles were enriched with acute-phase proteins (serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, and hemopexin) and depleted of paraoxonase-1 after SFA-HFD in comparison with MUFA-HFD. Conclusions— Ex vivo efflux assays validated increased macrophage-to-plasma RCT in vivo after both HFDs but failed to capture differential modulation of hepatic cholesterol trafficking. By contrast, proteomics revealed the association of hepatic-derived inflammatory proteins on HDL after SFA-HFD in comparison with MUFA-HFD, which reflected differential hepatic cholesterol trafficking between groups. Acute-phase protein levels on HDL may serve as novel biomarkers of impaired liver-to-feces RCT in vivo.
Culture and the Implementation Process of Strategic Decisions in Jordan

This paper studies the nature of the implementation process of strategic decisions within three banks in Jordan. To gain a better view of the implementation process, a qualitative research was carried out. Interviews, observations, and documentation research were used in order to collect the primary data of this study. It is believed that culture might have an effect on the way strategic decisions are implemented in organizations. Having reviewed the extant literature, it was found that four factors may be used to explain the nature of this process within the three banks. These factors are the use of an external company, the use of a simulation technique, the use of an incremental approach, and the use of a buffering time period. Finally, the analysis of the data revealed that culture is expected to play an important role in the implementation process and in the way this process is implemented within banks in Jordan.
On the stability of a cold-core eddy in the presence of convection : hydrostatic versus non-hydrostatic modeling

Geostrophic eddies in a stratified liquid are susceptable to baroclinic instabilities. In this paper, we consider these instabilities when such an eddy is simultaneously cooled homogeneously from above. As a linear stability analysis shows, the developing convection modifies the background stratification, the stability boundaries and the patterns of the dominant modes. The coupling between the effects of convection and the large scale flow development of the eddy is studied through high resolution numerical simulations, using both non-hydrostatic and hydrostatic models. In the latter models, several forms of convective adjustment are used to model convection. Both type of models confirm the development of the dominant modes and indicate that their nonlinear interaction leads to localized intense convection. By comparing non-hydrostatic and hydrostatic simulations of the flow development carefully, it is shown that convective adjustment may lead to erroneous small scale variability. A simple alternative formulation of convective adjustment is able to give a substantial improvement.
Outcome after placement of tantalum porous engineered dental implants in fresh extraction sockets: a canine study.

PURPOSE This study evaluated the stability and histologic proof of osseoincorporation of Trabecular Metal (TM) dental implants, which feature a tantalum-based porous midsection. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 48 TM implants (test group) and Tapered Screw-Vent implants (control group) were immediately placed bilaterally into mandibular extraction sockets in dogs. Resonance frequency analysis was performed at weeks 0, 2, 4, and 12 after implant placement. Histologic and histomorphometric evaluations of the implant interface were performed. RESULTS Changes in mean implant stability quotients (ISQ) revealed no statistical differences between the test and control groups. Histologic analysis showed bone ingrowth into the porous tantalum structure of all test group implants. Histomorphometric analysis revealed an increased percentage of bone-to-implant contact between 4 and 8 weeks in both test and control groups. The porous sections of the test group exhibited significantly more new bone inside the pores at week 12 in comparison to weeks 2 and 4. No correlation was observed between ISQ and histomorphometric parameters. CONCLUSION In a canine immediate extraction socket model, both test and control implants demonstrated comparable implant stability and bone-to-implant contact. Bone ingrowth was evident within the tantalum porous section of the test implants during the early healing.
Modeling and Testing of Impact Damage in Composite Pressure Vessels

Composite pressure vessels are becoming widely used for transporting gas, lately also hydrogen. In order to enable extensive use of the pressure vessels, it is critical to ensure their societal acceptance, and thus safety under transportation. Being able to judge the damage of an impacted pressure vessels is one important aspect from a safety and economical point of view. The lack of knowledge about the behaviour of damaged pressure vessels results in needlessly discarding damaged vessels with acceptable levels of damage. This thesis considers impact damage on glass fibre reinforced polymer pipes, produced by filament winding. Pipe specimens were subjected to well-defined impacts for two energy levels and the damage was reproduced numerically. Interlaminar damage was modelled by cohesive elements between composite layers. Intralaminar damage was modelled by the Hashin failure criterion on continuum shell elements. Experimental impacts produced unexpected highly asymmetrical delaminations. These delaminations were reproducible in shape and size for all specimens. The numerical model predicted the asymmetrical delaminations within the scatter of the experimental results for both energy levels tested. By studying the interlaminar behaviour of the delamination in the model, the buckling mode of the pipe was found to determine the direction of delamination. The intralaminar damage (fibre failure and matrix cracking) was inconsistent for the experimental impacts. Results ranged from no fibre damage, to large cracks with total fibre failure. Both the location and extent of fibre damage for the heavily damaged specimen could be reproduced numerically. Material properties that are critical for the modelling were identified.
Antarctic Thermocline Dynamics along a Narrow Shelf with Easterly Winds

Determining the role of Southern Ocean warm intermediate water for driving melting of the Antarctic ice sheet is a major challenge in assessing future sea level rise. Analysis of 2859 CTD profiles obtained between 1977 and 2016 by ships and instrumented seals at the Weddell Sea continental slope reveals a seasonal rise of the Antarctic Slope Front thermocline by more than 100 m during the summer. The signal at Kapp Norvegia (17°W) corresponds with a seasonal warming downstream at the Filchner Trough (40°W), indicating that a coherent evolution of the slope front along the shelf break regulates the onshore flow of warm deep water. Climatological cross sections of the slope front hydrography show that downwelling of Antarctic Surface Water forms a secondary front above the warm deep water interface during summer. Enhanced baroclinic growth rates at this front suggest that the wind-driven suppression of the thermocline is partially compensated by a shallower eddy overturning cell when surface water is present. A simple model of the Weddell Gyre boundary current reveals that wintertime densification of surface waters is crucial for maintaining the deep thermocline along the eastern Weddell Sea coast. The sensitivity of the warm inflow to the cross-frontal density gradient implies a positive feedback with ice shelf melting that may lead to an abrupt transition into a high melting state once warm water rises over the shelf break depth. Despite its regional focus, this study highlights the role of upper ocean buoyancy fluxes for controlling the thermocline depth along seasonally ice-covered narrow shelf regions with cyclonic along-slope winds.