Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relative Risk Reduction as a Metric to Standardize Effect Size for Public Heath Interventions for Translational Research: Methods and Applications

Objective— Heterogeneity of effect measures in intervention studies undermines the use of evidence to inform policy. Our objective was to develop a comprehensive algorithm to convert all types of effect measures to one standard metric, relative risk reduction (RRR). Study Design and Setting— This work was conducted to facilitate synthesis of published intervention effects for our epidemic modeling of the health impact of HIV Testing and Counseling (HTC). We designed and implemented an algorithm to transform varied effect measures to RRR, representing the proportionate reduction in undesirable outcomes. Results— Our extraction of 55 HTC studies identified 473 effect measures representing unique combinations of intervention-outcome-population characteristics, using five outcome metrics: pre-post proportion (70.6%), odds ratio (14.0%), mean difference (10.2%), risk ratio (4.4%), and RRR (0.9%). Outcomes were expressed as both desirable (29.5%, e.g., consistent condom use) and undesirable (70.5% e.g., inconsistent condom use). Using four examples, we demonstrate our algorithm for converting varied effect measures to RRR, and provide the conceptual basis for advantages of RRR over other metrics. Conclusion— Our review of the literature suggests that RRR, an easily understood and useful metric to convey risk reduction associated with an intervention, is underutilized by original and review studies.
Short Communication A b PP Peptide Carboxyl-Terminal to A b Is Neurotoxic

Extracellular A b -amyloid and intraneuronal paired helical filaments (PHFs) composed of tau protein are the neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. A b is a 39- to 43-residue peptide derived by cleavage of a 695- to 770-amino-acid membrane-asso-ciate glycoprotein (termed b -protein precursor, b PP). the of the of the m to a scrambled sequence of the peptide. A 4-day to m mol/L b PP713–730 almost complete neuronal no
The identifiability of piecewise demographic models from the sample frequency spectrum

The sample frequency spectrum (SFS) is a widely-used summary statistic of genomic variation in a sample of homologous DNA sequences. It provides a highly efficient dimensional reduction of large-scale population genomic data and its mathematical dependence on the underlying population demography is well understood, thus enabling the development of efficient inference algorithms. However, it has been recently shown that very different demographic models can actually generate the same SFS for arbitrarily large sample sizes. Although in principle this non-identifiability issue poses a thorny challenge to statistical inference, the population size functions involved in the counterexamples are arguably not so biologically realistic. Here, we revisit this problem and examine the identifiability of demographic models under the restriction that the population sizes are piecewise defined where each piece belongs to some family of biologically-motivated functions. Under this assumption, we prove that the expected SFS of a sample uniquely determines the underlying demographic model, provided that the sample is sufficiently large. We obtain a general bound on the sample size sufficient for identifiability; the bound depends on the number of pieces in the demographic model and also on the type of population size function in each piece. In the cases of piecewise-constant and piecewise-exponential models, which are often assumed in population genomic inferences, we provide explicit formulas for the bounds as simple functions of the number of pieces. Lastly, we obtain analogous results for the "folded" SFS, which is often used when there is ambiguity as to which allelic type is ancestral.
An Adaptive Window Size Selection Method for Differentially Private Data Publishing over Infinite Trajectory Stream

Recently, various services based on user's location are emerging since the development of wireless Internet and sensor technology. VANET (vehicular ad hoc network), in which a large number of vehicles communicate using wireless communication, is also being highlighted as one of the services. VANET collects and analyzes the traffic data periodically to provide the traffic information service. The problem is that traffic data contains user’s sensitive location information that can lead to privacy violations. Differential privacy techniques are being used as a de facto standard to prevent such privacy violation caused by data analysis. However, applying differential privacy to traffic data stream which has infinite size over time makes data useless because too much noise is inserted to protect privacy. In order to overcome this limitation, existing researches set a certain range of windows and apply differential privacy to windowed data. However, previous researches have set a fixed window size do not consider a traffic data’s property such as road structure and time-based traffic variation. It may lead to insufficient privacy protection and unnecessary data utility degradation. In this paper, we propose an adaptive window size selection method that consider the correlation between road networks and time-based traffic variation to solve a fixed window size problem. And we suggest an adjustable privacy budget allocation technique for corresponding to the adaptive window size selection. We show that the proposed method improves the data utility, while satisfying the equal level of differential privacy as compared with the existing method through experiments that is designed based on real-world road network.
Approacwes &Tcdten s Forecasting Patient Census: Commonalities in Time Series Models

Highly accurate patient census forecasting models are specified for five hospitals by use of a general equation for integrated autoregressive moving average (IARMA) forecasts. A general census forecasting model, based on features common to all five institution-specific models, is described and its forecasts are compared to those from the specific models.
Utilizing the GAAA tetraloop/receptor to facilitate crystal packing and structure determination of a CUG RNA helix

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a microsatellite expansion disorder caused by the aberrant expansion of CTG repeats in the 3’ untranslated region of the DMPK gene. When transcribed, the toxic RNA CUG repeats sequester RNA binding proteins, which leads to disease symptoms. The expanded CUG repeats can adopt a double-stranded structure, and targeting this helix is a therapeutic strategy for DM1. In order to better understand the 5’CUG/3’GUC motif, and how it may interact with proteins and small molecules, we designed a short CUG helix attached to a GAAA tetraloop/receptor in order to facilitate crystal packing. Here we report the highest resolution structure (1.95 Å) to date of a GAAA tetraloop/receptor and the CUG helix it was used to crystallize. Within the CUG helix, we identify two different forms of non-canonical U-U pairs and reconfirm that CUG repeats are essentially A-form. An analysis of all non-canonical U-U pairs in the context of CUG repeats revealed six different classes of conformations that the noncanonical U-U pairs are able to adopt.
A 1 year comparison of a Community Based Exercise Program versus a Day-Hospital based exercise program on Quality of Life and Mental Health in Severely Burned Children

, Abstract Objective— To compare the effects of long term psychosocial functioning and mental health of a “Day-Hospital” Based Exercise Program (DAYEX) versus a Community Based Exercise Program (COMBEX). Design— This was a prospective design that consisted of two groups (DAYEX and COMBEX). Setting— A children’s hospital specialized in burn care (Shriner’s Hospitals for Children, Inc., Galveston, Texas) Participants— A total of 18 patients, (n=9 DAYEX and n=9 COMBEX) were assessed at Intensive Care Unit (ICU) discharge and up to 1 year post burn. Intervention— The Child Health Questionnaires (CHQ-Child/CF87 and Parent/PF28) were used to assess changes in quality of life from discharge to 1 year post-burn. Main Outcome Results— Demographic and TBSA were similar in both groups. Length of hospital stay was significant in the COMBEX group. CHQ-CF87 and CHQ-PF28 document significant improvements in both groups between discharge and 1 year. Significance was evident in Physical Functioning, Bodily Pain, Self Esteem, Change in Health, and Family Activities. CHQ-CF87 showed improvement in Family Cohesion in COMBEX more than DAYEX. CHQ-PF28 showed improvement in Role/Social Limitations - Emotional, Bodily Pain, and Family Activities in COMBEX more than DAYEX. Conclusions— The proposed COMBEX program shows to be feasible and beneficial physically, psychosocially, and mentally. The results show some improvements in the COMBEX group in optimizing function and health in severely burned children. The COMBEX group performed at least as well as the DAYEX group. Larger scale studies are needed to validate current findings.
Guidance for Academics to Transfer ‘Bench-ready’ Medical Technology into Usual Clinical Practice: Case Study: Sensors and Spectrometer used in EPR Oximetry

This paper considers the critical role that academics can have in the development of clinical innovations and especially how their impact can be optimized. The focus should be on establishing the safety and efficacy of new approaches while also incorporating human factors and human use considerations into the inventions. It is very advantageous to work in concert with the end-users (operators and clinicians) to help ensure that the innovation will be useful and feasible to be incorporated into actual clinical practice as intended. This strategy enables developments to tackle real clinical needs by providing novel strategies to improve patient care while using solutions that fit into clinical practice and that are welcomed by patients and clinical staff. These principles are illustrated by a case study of the development of clinical in vivo PER oximetry.
THE DELTA METHOD FOR NONPARAMETRIC KERNEL FUNCTIONALS

This paper provides under weak conditions a generalized delta method for functionals of nonparametric kernel estimators, based on (possibly) dependent and (possibly) multivariate data. Generalized derivatives are allowed to permit the inclusion of virtually any functional, global or pointwise, explicitly or implicitly defined. It is shown that forming the estimator with dependent data modifies the asymptotic distribution only if the functional is more irregular than some threshold level. Variance estimators and rates of convergence are derived. Many examples are provided.
Identification of differentially expressed genes in the zebrafish hypothalamus-pituitary axis

The vertebrate hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HP) is the main link between the central nervous system and endocrine system. Although several signal pathways and regulatory genes have been implicated in adenohypophysis ontogenesis, little is known about hypothalamic and neurohypophysial development or when the HP matures and becomes functional. To identify markers of the HP, we constructed subtractive cDNA libraries between adult zebrafish hypothalamus and pituitary. We identified previously published genes and ESTs and novel zebrafish genes, some of which were predicted by genomic database analysis. We also analyzed expression patterns of these genes and found that several are expressed in the embryonic and larval hypothalamus, neurohypophysis, and/ or adenohypophysis. Expression at these stages makes these genes useful markers to study HP maturation and function.
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) Experience with (S)-5-[123I]iodo-3-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine (5-[123I]IA) in the Living Human Brain of Smokers and Nonsmokers

JAMES ROBERT BRAŠIĆ1,*, YUN ZHOU1, JOHN L. MUSACHIO2, JOHN HILTON1, HONG FAN1, ANDREW CRABB1, CHRISTOPHER J. ENDRES1, MELVIN J. REINHARDT1, AHMET S. DOGAN1, MOHAB ALEXANDER1, OLIVIER ROUSSET1, MARIKA A. MARIS1, JEFFREY GALECKI1, AYON NANDI1, and DEAN F. WONG1 1 Division of Nuclear Medicine, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
Metabolic abnormalities associated with elevated serum cystatin C in adults with an estimated GFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m 2

Elevated serum cystatin C may represent an early stage of kidney disease. It is unclear whether metabolic abnormalities typically seen in advanced chronic kidney disease are present in adults with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m 2 and elevated cystatin C. Participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n=6722) were categorized into three groups: estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m 2 and cystatin C <1.09 mg/L (normal cystatin C); estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m 2 and cystatin C ≥ 1.09 mg/L (elevated cystatin C); and estimated glomerular filtration rate of 15-59 ml/min/1.73m 2 (stage 3 or 4 chronic kidney disease). Among those with normal cystatin C, elevated cystatin C, and stage 3 or 4 chronic kidney disease, the age, race-ethnicity, sex standardized prevalence of serum hemoglobin <12 g/dL (<13 g/dL for men) was 4.3%, 8.2%, and 13.8%; serum uric acid ≥ 5.9 mg/ dL ( ≥ 7.4 mg/dL for
One-Year Respiratory Outcomes of Preterm Infants Enrolled in the Nitric Oxide [H1] (to Prevent) Chronic Lung Disease Trial of Inhaled Nitric Oxide

Objective— To identify whether inhaled nitric oxide treatment decreased indicators of long-term pulmonary morbidities after discharge from the NICU. Study design— The NO CLD trial enrolled preterm infants (<1250g) between 7–21 days of age who were ventilated and at high risk for BPD. Follow-up occurred at 12 ± 3 months of age adjusted for prematurity; long-term pulmonary morbidities and other outcomes were reported by parents during structured blinded interviews. Results— 456 infants (85%) were seen at 1 yr. Compared with control infants, infants randomized to inhaled nitric oxide received significantly less bronchodilators [odds ratio (OR) 0.53 (95% confidence interval 0.36–0.78)], inhaled steroids [OR 0.50 (0.32–0.77)], systemic steroids [OR 0.56 (0.32–0.97)], diuretics [OR 0.54 (0.34–0.85)], and supplemental oxygen [OR 0.65 (0.44–0.95)] after discharge from neonatal Conclusions— Infants treated with inhaled nitric oxide received fewer outpatient respiratory medications than the control group. However, any decision to institute routine use of this dosing regimen should also take into account the results of the 24 month neurodevelopmental assessment.
Translational Review Animal Models of Fibrotic Lung Disease

Interstitial lung ﬁbrosis can develop as a consequence of occupa- tional or medical exposure, as a result of genetic defects, and after trauma or acute lung injury leading to ﬁbroproliferative acute respiratory distress syndrome, or it can develop in an idiopathic manner. The pathogenesis of each form of lung ﬁbrosis remains poorly understood. They each result in a progressive loss of lung function with increasing dyspnea, and most forms ultimately result in mortality. To better understand the pathogenesis of lung ﬁbrotic disorders,multipleanimalmodelshavebeendeveloped.Thisreview summarizes the common and emerging models of lung ﬁbrosis to highlight their usefulness in understanding the cell–cell and soluble mediatorinteractionsthatdriveﬁbroticresponses. Recentadvances have allowed for the development of models to study targeted inju- ries of Type II alveolar epithelial cells, ﬁbroblastic autonomous ef-fects,andtargetedgeneticdefects.Repetitivedosinginsomemodels has more closely mimicked the pathology of human ﬁbrotic lung disease. We also have a much better understanding of the fact that the aged lung has increased susceptibility to ﬁbrosis. Each of the models reviewedinthisreportoffersapowerfultoolforstudyingsomeaspect of ﬁbrotic lung disease.
An alternative cytoplasmic domain of the integrin f83 subunit

A cDNA encoding a new form ofthe shared (3 subunit ((83) ofthe platelet integrin gpIlb/Ja and the vitronectin receptor was isolated from a placental cDNA library by screening with a (3 (gplIa) DNA probe. This (3 variant differs from the previously reported 3 in that the cytoplasmic domain is 8 amino adds shorter and has an alternative, 13-amino acid COOH-terminal peptide. The 3' untranslated region of the cDNA also differs from the previously reported sequence, while the region coding for the transmembrane domain and extracellular domain is identical to it. Reverse transcription combined with polymerase chain reaction was used to show that human placental tissue and two human cell lines contain the variant mRNA. The sequences of the cDNAs for the previously known (3 and the variant P3 described here suggest that the difference between the cytoplasmic domains of these subunits arises as a result of an alternative mRNA splicing. These cytoplasmic domains may provide alternative means for the (3 integrins to interact with cytoskeletal components.
Readmissions After Cardiac Surgery: Experience of the NIH / CIHR Cardiothoracic Surgical Trials Network

Background— Readmissions are a common problem in cardiac surgery. The goal of this study was to examine the frequency, timing, and associated risk factors for readmission after cardiac surgery. Methods— 5,158 adult cardiac surgery patients (5,059 included in analysis) were prospectively enrolled in a 10center cohort study to assess risk factors for infection following cardiac surgery. Data were also collected on all-cause readmissions occurring within 65 days after surgery. Major outcomes included readmission rate stratified by procedure type, cause of readmission, length of readmission stay, and discharge disposition after readmission. Multivariable Cox regression was used to determine risk factors for time to first readmission. Results— The overall rate of readmission was 18.7% (number of readmissions=945). When stratified by the most common procedure type, readmission rates were: isolated CABG (14.9%, n=248), isolated valve (18.3%, n=337), CABG + valve (25.0%, n=169). The three most common causes of first readmission within 30 days were: infection (17.1%, n=115), arrhythmia (17.1%, n=115), and volume overload (13.5%, n=91). More first readmissions occurred within 30 days (80.6%, n=672) than after 30 days (19.4%, n=162), and 50% of patients were readmitted within 22 days from index surgery. The median length of stay during the first readmission was 5 days. 15.8% (n=128) of readmitted patients were discharged to a location other than home. Baseline patient characteristics associated with readmission included: female gender, diabetes mellitus on medication, COPD, elevated creatinine, lower hemoglobin, and longer surgery time. In addition, the more complex surgical procedures were associated with increased risk of readmission compared to the CABG group. Conclusions— Nearly 1 out of 5 patients who undergo cardiac surgery require readmission, an outcome with significant health and economic implications. Management practices to avert in-hospital infections, reduce post-operative arrhythmias, and avoid volume overload offer important targets for quality improvement.
Nucleic Acids Research

We constructed a cosmid vector, pOCA18, designed for transferring plant genomic libraries from Agrobacterium tumefaciens to plants. Clones from a genomic library of Arabidopsis ,taliana DNA in pOCA18 were propagated stably in both Escherichia coi and A. tumefaciens. Clones from the pOCA18 A. ,thaliana library were used to construct transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants; the DNA inserts were transferred intact in 10 out of 16 transgenic N. tabacum plants examined but were partially deleted in six others. Transgenic N. tabacum plants constructed with a mutant A. thaliana acetohydroxy acid synthase gene (from the pOCA18 library) that encodes an enzyme resistant to the herbicide chlorsulfuron were resistant to chlorsulfuron. A statistical analysis indicated that if the A. thaliana library contains 107 members and if 107 A. tumefacien transconjugants containing the library were used to transform plant cells, then 2 x 104 transformed plant cells must be generated to have a 95% probability of constructing a transgenic plant carrying a specific DNA sequence from the A. thaliana library.
Getting the mOST from OST: Role of Organic Solute Transporter, OSTα-OSTβ, in bile acid and steroid metabolism

The Organic Solute Transporter (OST)(alpha)-OST(beta) is an unusual heteromeric carrier expressed in a variety of tissues including the small intestine, colon, liver, biliary tract, kidney, and adrenal gland. In polarized epithelial cells, OSTα-OSTβ protein is localized on the basolateral membrane and functions in the export or uptake of bile acids and steroids. This article reviews recent results including studies of knockout mouse models that provide new insights to the role of OSTα-OSTβ in the compartmentalization and metabolism of these important lipids.
Usefulness of Left Ventricular Mass and Geometry for Determining 10-Year Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults > 65 Years of Age (From the Cardiovascular Health Study)

Left ventricular (LV) mass and geometry are associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We sought to determine whether LV mass and geometry contribute to risk prediction for CVD in adults ≥ 65 years of the Cardiovascular Health Study. We indexed LV mass to body size (echoLVMI) and we defined LV geometry as normal, concentric remodeling, and eccentric or concentric LV hypertrophy. We added echo-LVMI and LV geometry to separate 10-year risk prediction models containing traditional risk factors and determined the net reclassification improvement (NRI) for incident CHD, CVD (CHD, heart failure [HF], stroke), and HF alone. Over 10 years of follow up in 2577 participants (64% women, 15% black, mean age 72 years) for CHD and CVD, the adjusted hazards ratios for a 1-SD higher echo-LVMI were 1.25 (95% CI, 1.14–1.37), 1.24 (1.15–1.33) and 1.51 (1.40–1.62), respectively. Addition of echo-LVMI to the standard model for CHD resulted in an event NRI of −0.011 (95% CI, −0.037, 0.028) and non-event NRI of 0.034 (95% CI, 0.008, 0.076). Addition of echo-LVMI and LV geometry to the standard model for CVD resulted in an event NRI of 0.013 (95% CI: −0.0335, 0.0311) and a non-event NRI of 0.043 (95% CI: 0.011,0.09). The non-event NRI was also significant with addition of echo-LVMI for HF risk prediction (0.10, 95% CI: 0.057, 0.16). In conclusion, in adults ≥ 65 years, echo-LVMI improved risk prediction for CHD, CVD, and HF, driven primarily by improved reclassification of nonevents.