Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regular effective action of gauge field theory and quantum gravity.

We present a perturbative formalism for the effective quantum action of a general Fermi-Bose field theory. We propose a unitary alternative to the conventional virtual ghost prescription for handling the functional integral of gauge fields, based on the functional space metric that is determined by the Dirac brackets of the canonical theory. A gauge-invariant Gaussian cutoff is introduced by extending the functional space metric into a regular counterpart. The regular one-loop contributions of a scalar field to the photon and the graviton self-energies are computed. The otherwise logarithmically divergent contributions are found, in our scheme, to be independent of cutoff.
Micellar Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Sildenafil Citrate in Pharmaceutical Formulations

A simple, rapid, precise, accurate and selective micellar liquid chromatographic (MLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of sildenafil citrate in pharmaceutical formulations. Separation was achieved isocratically on an ACE 5 C18 AR column (5 μm, 4.6 mm × 150 mm) utilizing a mobile phase of 8.2 mM SDS in acetate buffer (pH 4.0) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL min-1 with UV detection at 298 nm. All analyses were conducted at ambient temperature. Linear calibration curve was obtained over the concentration range of 125-500 μg mL-1 , with a correlation coefficient (r2) greater than 0.999. The limits of detection and quantitation were found to be 35 μg mL-1 and 106 μg mL-1 respectively. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of sildenafil citrate in oral suspensions and tablets. Common excipients in formulations did not interfere. This method is suitable for routine analysis.
Regulation of T‐cell antigen receptor‐mediated inside‐out signaling by cytosolic adapter proteins and Rap1 effector molecules

Summary: Integrins are critical for the migration of T cells to lymphoid organs and to sites of inflammation and are also necessary for productive interactions between T cells and antigen‐presenting cells. Integrin activation is enhanced following T‐cell receptor (TCR) engagement, as signals initiated by the TCR increase affinity and avidity of integrins for their ligands. This process, known as inside‐out signaling, has been shown to require several molecular components including the cytosolic adapter proteins adhesion and degranulation‐promoting adapter protein and Src homology 2 domain‐containing adapter protein of 55 kDa, the low molecular weight guanosine triphosphatase Rap1, and the Rap1 effector proteins Rap1 guanosine triphosphate‐interacting adapter molecule, regulator of adhesion and cell polarization enriched in lymphoid tissues, and protein kinase D1. Herein, we review recent findings about how the TCR is linked to integrin activation through inside‐out signaling.
Improvement in isometric strength of the quadriceps femoris muscle after training with electrical stimulation.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if training isometrically with electrical stimulation (ES) alone would significantly increase isometric strength of the quadriceps femoris muscle. The relationships between the strength changes and the relative force and duration of training contractions were also studied. An experimental group (Group 1) and a control group (Group 2), 12 subjects in each, underwent pretesting and posttesting to obtain their maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs). Group 1 trained with maximally tolerable isometric contractions induced by ES, three days a week for four weeks. Results showed that although both groups demonstrated increases in isometric strength of their quadriceps femoris muscles, training isometrically with ES produced a significantly greater increase (p less than .01) than not training with ES. The relative strength improvement in Group 1 was positively and significantly correlated with training-contraction intensity and duration. The relative increase in isometric strength, using only ES, may be determined by the ability of the subjects to tolerate longer and more forceful contractions. Suggestions for further research and implications for the clinical use of ES for strength-training are discussed.
The effect of haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl on antioxidant enzyme activities and growth of wheat leaves [Triticum vulgare L.]

Haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl (HE) is a herbicide active against most grasses, whereas dicotyledonous plants are rather resistant to it. The effects of HE on the growth of wheat seedling leaves (cv. Almari) as well as the activity of several enzymes involved in the plant defense system against stress such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were studied. The growth of wheat leaves was inhibited by 50% 12 h after the HE treatment. The changes observed in the enzyme activities suggest that the herbicidal effect on enzyme activity depends on the distance between the place where the HE was applied and the section of the leaf analyzed as well as on the duration of the plant with the HE. The changes in SOD, POX, and CAT activities observed in the leaves of the wheat treated with the compound might mean that HE induces oxidative stress in the species studied. These results may confirm the hypothesis related to the mechanism of graminicides action.
Autogenic modulation of mechanoreceptor excitability by glutamate release from synaptic‐like vesicles: evidence from the rat muscle spindle primary sensory ending

Fifty‐nanometre diameter, clear, synaptic‐like vesicles (SLVs) are found in primary mechanosensory nerve terminals of vertebrate and invertebrate animals. We have investigated their role in mechanosensory function using the muscle spindle primary endings of rat Ia afferents as a model. Uptake and release of the synaptic vesicle marker FM1‐43 indicated that SLVs recycle like synaptic vesicles and do so in a Ca2+‐sensitive manner. Mechanical stimulation increased SLV recycling, increasing both dye uptake and release. Immunogold/electronmicroscopy showed that, like the central synaptic endings, Ia peripheral endings are enriched with glutamate. Moreover, exogenous glutamate enhanced stretch‐induced Ia excitability. Enhanced excitability persisted in the presence of antagonists to the commonest ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors (kynurenate, MCPG, CPPG and MAP4). However, excitation by glutamate was abolished by (R,S)‐3,5‐dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG), and rather more effectively by (2R,1′‐S,2′‐R,3′‐S)‐2‐(2′‐carboxy‐3′‐phenylcyclopropyl) glycine (PCCG‐13). PCCG‐13 also significantly reduced stretch‐activated excitability in the absence of exogenous glutamate. These data indicate that SLVs recycle at rest, releasing glutamate, and that mechanical activity increases this process. The blockade with DHPG and PCCG‐13 suggests that endogenous glutamate release acts, at least in part, through the recently described phospholipase D‐linked metabotropic Glu receptor to maintain the excitability of the sensory endings.
Torsion as a Dark Matter Candidate from the Higgs Portal

Torsion is a metric-independent component of gravitation, which may provide a more general geometry than the one taking place within general relativity. On the other hand torsion could lead to interesting phenomenology in both particle physics and cosmology. In the present work it is shown that a torsion field interacting with the SM Higgs doublet and having a negligible coupling to SM fermions is protected from decaying by a $Z_2$ symmetry, and therefore becomes a promising Dark Matter (DM) candidate. In order to check the consistency of this scenario we evaluate the DM relic density and explore direct DM detection and collider constraints on this model. It turns out that in the model when the Higgs boson is only partly responsible for the generation of torsion mass, there is a region of parameter space where torsion contributes 100% to the DM budget of the Universe. Furthermore, we show that the LHC currently has a limited sensitivity to the torsion parameter space via mono-jet signature and will be able to considerably improve its coverage of the torsion parameter space with the projected high luminosity.
A prospective randomized controlled double-blind trial to assess the effects of dexmedetomidine during cleft palate surgery

Background We investigated whether the intraoperative administration of dexmedetomidine would attenuate the profound sympathoadrenal response associated with cleft palate (CP) surgery. Methods Sixty children aged 6 months to 12 years undergoing CP surgery under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to the control (C) or dexmedetomidine (D) groups. Group C received benzodiazepine (0.05 mg/kg midazolam followed by infusion of normal saline) fentanyl isoflurane anesthesia, and Group D received dexmedetomidine (loading 1 µg/kg followed by infusion of 0.5 µg/kg/h) fentanyl isoflurane anesthesia. Heart rate (HR), mean blood pressure (MBP), intraoperative fentanyl and isoflurane requirements, recovery scores, emergence agitation, pain scores, time and requirement of rescue analgesic, and surgeon satisfaction were noted. Results Intraoperative HR and MBP in Group D were significantly lower than the corresponding values in Group C (P < 0.001). HR decreased up to 16% in Group D. By contrast, HR increased up to 20% in Group C. Group D had comparable MBP to its baseline, whereas Group C had higher MBP until extubation (P = 0.015). Two children in Group D developed bradycardia and hypotension, which was successfully treated. The fentanyl and isoflurane requirements decreased by 43% and 30%, respectively, in Group D patients compared to those in Group C (P < 0.001). Group D had lower pain scores and less emergence agitation (P < 0.001). Time until requirement of first rescue analgesic was longer in Group D than that in Group C (P < 0.001). Surgeon satisfaction was higher in Group D than that in Group C. Conclusions Intravenous dexmedetomidine during CP surgery attenuated hemodynamic responses with excellent surgeon satisfaction. Close monitoring of hemodynamics is recommended.
A novel authentication algorithm for vertical handoff in heterogeneous wireless networks

Seamless and secure handoff is one of the most challenging issues in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (HWN). Frequent mobility of users among different wireless networks requires strong and quick authentication during Vertical Handoff (VHO). This paper presents a novel authentication algorithm-Anonymous Authentication for Vertical Handoff (AAVHO). It protects identity of user and provides data integrity and confidentiality. AAVHO also protects against man-in-the-middle attack and replay attacks.
Development of a CMOS receiver for a radio-telescope phased-array feed

Next generation radio telescopes will have a very large number of antenna elements. For such systems, ultra-low-noise ambient-temperature integrated CMOS receivers can address some design challenges, such as size, weight, power consumption, and cost. This paper describes the development of one such receiver. Developed in 65-nm TSMC CMOS, it operates between 0.7 and 1.5 GHz and achieves minimum noise temperatures of 16 K at 1.5GHz and power gain of 70 dB, while consuming 265 mW of power.
TROY Interacts with Rho Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitor α (RhoGDIα) to Mediate Nogo-induced Inhibition of Neurite Outgrowth*

Background: TROY, together with the Nogo receptor, mediates Nogo-66 induced neurite outgrowth inhibition. Results: TROY binds to RhoGDIα to activate RhoA and inhibit neurite outgrowth after Nogo-66 stimulation in cerebellar granule neurons. Conclusion: TROY/RhoGDIα interaction transduces the inhibitory effects of Nogo-66 on neurite extension by activating RhoA. Significance: TROY/RhoGDIα interaction plays a key role in RhoA activation and neurite outgrowth inhibition by Nogo-66. TROY can functionally substitute p75 to comprise the Nogo receptor complex, which transduces the inhibitory signal of myelin-associated inhibitory factors on axon regeneration following CNS injury. The inhibition of neurite extension relies on TROY-dependent RhoA activation, but how TROY activates RhoA remains unclear. Here, we firstly identified Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor α (RhoGDIα) as a binding partner of TROY using GST pull-down combined with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectra analysis. The interaction was further confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation in vitro and in vivo. Deletion mutagenesis revealed that two regions of the TROY intracellular domain (amino acids 234–256 and 321–350) were essential for the interaction with RhoGDIα. Secondly, TROY and RhoGDIα were coexpressed in postnatal dorsal root ganglion neurons, cortex neurons, and cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). Thirdly, TROY/RhoGDIα association was potentiated by Nogo-66 and was independent of p75/RhoGDIα interaction. Fourthly, TROY/RhoGDIα interaction was still able to activate RhoA when p75 was deficient. Furthermore, RhoA activation was decreased dramatically when TROY was knocked down in p75-deficient CGNs cells. Finally, RhoGDIα overexpression abolished RhoA activation and following neurite outgrowth inhibition by Nogo-66 in both wild-type and p75-deficient CGNs. These results showed that the association of RhoGDIα with TROY contributed to TROY-dependent RhoA activation and neurite outgrowth inhibition after Nogo-66 stimulation.
Astrocytic Aβ1‐42 uptake is determined by Aβ‐aggregation state and the presence of amyloid‐associated proteins

Intracerebral accumulation of amyloid‐β (Aβ) leading to Aβ plaque formation, is the main hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and might be caused by defective Aβ‐clearance. We previously found primary human astrocytes and microglia able to bind and ingest Aβ1‐42 in vitro, which appeared to be limited by Aβ1‐42 fibril formation. We now confirm that astrocytic Aβ‐uptake depends on size and/or composition of Aβ‐aggregates as astrocytes preferably take up oligomeric Aβ over fibrillar Aβ. Upon exposure to either fluorescence‐labelled Aβ1‐42 oligomers (Aβoligo) or fibrils (Aβfib), a larger (3.7 times more) proportion of astrocytes ingested oligomers compared to fibrils, as determined by flow cytometry. Aβ‐internalization was verified using confocal microscopy and live‐cell imaging. Neither uptake of Aβoligo nor Aβfib, triggered proinflammatory activation of the astrocytes, as judged by quantification of interleukin‐6 and monocyte‐chemoattractant protein‐1 release. Amyloid‐associated proteins, including α1‐antichymotrypsin (ACT), serum amyloid P component (SAP), C1q and apolipoproteins E (ApoE) and J (ApoJ) were earlier found to influence Aβ‐aggregation. Here, astrocytic uptake of Aβfib increased when added to the cells in combination with SAP and C1q (SAP/C1q), but was unchanged in the presence of ApoE, ApoJ and ACT. Interestingly, ApoJ and ApoE dramatically reduced the number of Aβoligo‐positive astrocytes, whereas SAP/C1q slightly reduced Aβoligo uptake. Thus, amyloid‐associated proteins, especially ApoJ and ApoE, can alter Aβ‐uptake in vitro and hence may influence Aβ clearance and plaque formation in vivo. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
THE ORIGIN OF A MUTUALISM: A MORPHOLOGICAL TRAIT PROMOTING THE EVOLUTION OF ANT‐APHID MUTUALISMS

Abstract Mutualisms are mutually beneficial interactions between species and are fundamentally important at all levels of biological organization. It is not clear, however, why one species participates in a particular mutualism whereas another does not. Here we show that pre‐existing traits can dispose particular species to evolve a mutualistic interaction. Combining morphological, ecological, and behavioral data in a comparative analysis, we show that resource use in Chaitophorus aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) modulates the origin of their mutualism with ants. We demonstrate that aphid species that feed on deeper phloem elements have longer mouthparts, that this inhibits their ability to withdraw their mouthparts and escape predators and that, consequently, this increases their need for protection by mutualist ants.
Output feedback tracking control of MIMO systems using a fuzzy disturbance observer and its application to the speed control of a PM synchronous motor

One of the most important objectives in the design of control systems is to achieve the good tracking performance in the presence of the internal parameter uncertainty and external disturbance. In this paper, a new multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) fuzzy disturbance observer (FDO) based on output measurement is developed to achieve the goal. A filtered signal is introduced to resolve the algebraic loop encountered in the conventional FDO. The contribution of the disturbance observation error /spl zeta/ to updating the parameters of the fuzzy system is analyzed in the sense of L/sub 2/ and L/sub /spl infin//. Then, the MIMO FDO is modified and the high gain observer (HGO) is employed to implement the output tracking control system. It is shown in a rigorous manner that the disturbance observation error, the tracking error and the state observation error converge to a compact set of which size can be kept arbitrarily small. Finally, the suggested method is applied to the speed control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in the presence of the internal parameter uncertainty and external disturbance. The effectiveness and the feasibility of the suggested method are demonstrated by computer simulation.
Antisocial behaviour in children with and without callous-unemotional traits

More than 15 years of research have documented behavioural differences between callous-unemotional and non-callous subtypes of children with antisocial behaviour. Recent studies also suggest that children with callous-unemotional traits may be genetically vulnerable to antisocial behaviour, while those without callous-unemotional traits appear to have primarily environmental aetiology to their antisocial behaviour. Furthermore neurocognitive profiles differ between antisocial children with and without callous-unemotional traits. While the former group appears emotionally under-reactive, particularly to others' distress, the latter group may be emotionally over-reactive, particularly to perceived threat. In this review we provide an overview of the current evidence base with regard to callous-unemotional and non-callous subgroups of children with antisocial behaviour and discuss the implications of the current evidence base for prevention and intervention. This overview selectively focuses on recent advances in this area of research, as well as earlier studies where these help set the research context.
Clustering-based energy-aware virtual network embedding

Virtual network embedding has received a lot of attention from researchers. In this problem, it needs to map a sequence of virtual networks onto the physical network. Generally, the virtual networks have topology, node, and link constraints. Prior studies mainly focus on designing a solution to maximize the revenue by accepting more virtual networks while ignoring the energy cost for the physical network. In this article, to bridge this gap, we design a heuristic energy-aware virtual network embedding algorithm called EA-VNE-C, to coordinate the dynamic electricity price and energy consumption to further optimize the energy cost. Extensive simulations demonstrate that this algorithm significantly reduces the energy cost by up to 14% over the state-of-the-art algorithm while maintaining similar revenue.
Mini array of quantum Hall devices based on epitaxial graphene

Series connection of four quantum Hall effect (QHE) devices based on epitaxial graphene films was studied for realization of a quantum resistance standard with an up-scaled value. The tested devices showed quantum Hall plateaux RH,2 at filling factor i = 2 starting from relatively low magnetic field (between 4 T and 5 T) when temperature was 1.5 K. Precision measurements of quantized Hall resistance of four QHE devices connected by triple series connections and external bonding wires were done at B = 7 T and T = 1.5 K using a commercial precision resistance bridge with 50 microA current through the QHE device. The results showed that the deviation of the quantized Hall resistance of the series connection of four graphene-based QHE devices from the expected value of 4*RH,2 = 2h/e^2 was smaller than the relative standard uncertainty of the measurement (< 1*10^-7) limited by the used resistance bridge.
A wireless controller to enhance dynamic performance of parallel inverters in distributed generation systems

This paper presents a novel control strategy for parallel inverters of distributed generation units in an AC distribution system. The proposed control technique, based on the droop control method, uses only locally measurable feedback signals. This method is usually applied to achieve good active and reactive power sharing when communication between the inverters is difficult due to its physical location. However, the conventional voltage and frequency droop methods of achieving load sharing have a slow and oscillating transient response. Moreover, there is no possibility to modify the transient response without the loss of power sharing precision or output-voltage and frequency accuracy. In this work, a great improvement in transient response is achieved by introducing power derivative-integral terms into a conventional droop scheme. Hence, better controllability of the system is obtained and, consequently, correct transient performance can be achieved. In addition, an instantaneous current control loop is also included in the novel controller to ensure correct sharing of harmonic components when supplying nonlinear loads. Simulation and experimental results are presented to prove the validity of this approach, which shows excellent performance as opposed to the conventional one.
A 0.021 µm2 trigate SRAM cell with aggressively scaled gate and contact pitch

We present the highest density demonstration of CMOS technology reported to date featuring a 6T SRAM cell size of 0.021 µm2 (Fig. 1). The motivation for this work was to explore the limits of device patterning and basic module integration at dimensions relevant to the 10 nm node [1]. A trigate device architecture with a minimum contacted gate pitch (CGP) and minimum contacted fin pitch (CFP) of 50 nm was used as the target technology for this demonstration.