Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceived Utility and Characterization of Personal Google Search Histories to Detect Data Patterns Proximal to a Suicide Attempt in Individuals Who Previously Attempted Suicide: Pilot Cohort Study

Background Despite decades of research to better understand suicide risk and to develop detection and prevention methods, suicide is still one of the leading causes of death globally. While large-scale studies using real-world evidence from electronic health records can identify who is at risk, they have not been successful at pinpointing when someone is at risk. Personalized social media and online search history data, by contrast, could provide an ongoing real-world datastream revealing internal thoughts and personal states of mind. Objective We conducted this study to determine the feasibility and acceptability of using personalized online information-seeking behavior in the identification of risk for suicide attempts. Methods This was a cohort survey study to assess attitudes of participants with a prior suicide attempt about using web search data for suicide prevention purposes, dates of lifetime suicide attempts, and an optional one-time download of their past web searches on Google. The study was conducted at the University of Washington School of Medicine Psychiatry Research Offices. The main outcomes were participants’ opinions on internet search data for suicide prediction and intervention and any potential change in online information-seeking behavior proximal to a suicide attempt. Individualized nonparametric association analysis was used to assess the magnitude of difference in web search data features derived from time periods proximal (7, 15, 30, and 60 days) to the suicide attempts versus the typical (baseline) search behavior of participants. Results A total of 62 participants who had attempted suicide in the past agreed to participate in the study. Internet search activity varied from person to person (median 2-24 searches per day). Changes in online search behavior proximal to suicide attempts were evident up to 60 days before attempt. For a subset of attempts (7/30, 23%) search features showed associations from 2 months to a week before the attempt. The top 3 search constructs associated with attempts were online searching patterns (9/30 attempts, 30%), semantic relatedness of search queries to suicide methods (7/30 attempts, 23%), and anger (7/30 attempts, 23%). Participants (40/59, 68%) indicated that use of this personalized web search data for prevention purposes was acceptable with noninvasive potential interventions such as connection to a real person (eg, friend, family member, or counselor); however, concerns were raised about detection accuracy, privacy, and the potential for overly invasive intervention. Conclusions Changes in online search behavior may be a useful and acceptable means of detecting suicide risk. Personalized analysis of online information-seeking behavior showed notable changes in search behavior and search terms that are tied to early warning signs of suicide and are evident 2 months to 7 days before a suicide attempt.
Morphing pasta and beyond

Flat pasta with designed surface grooves can dynamically morph into three-dimensional shapes when boiled. Morphing structures are often engineered with stresses introduced into a flat sheet by leveraging structural anisotropy or compositional heterogeneity. Here, we identify a simple and universal diffusion-based mechanism to enable a transient morphing effect in structures with parametric surface grooves, which can be realized with a single material and fabricated using low-cost manufacturing methods (e.g., stamping, molding, and casting). We demonstrate from quantitative experiments and multiphysics simulations that parametric surface grooving can induce temporary asynchronous swelling or deswelling and can transform flat objects into designed, three-dimensional shapes. By tuning the grooving pattern, we can achieve both zero (e.g., helices) and nonzero (e.g., saddles) Gaussian curvature geometries. This mechanism allows us to demonstrate approaches that could improve the efficiency of certain food manufacturing processes and facilitate the sustainable packaging of food, for instance, by creating morphing pasta that can be flat-packed to reduce the air space in the packaging.
Transcriptomic meta‐analysis of disuse muscle atrophy vs. resistance exercise‐induced hypertrophy in young and older humans

Skeletal muscle atrophy manifests across numerous diseases; however, the extent of similarities/differences in causal mechanisms between atrophying conditions in unclear. Ageing and disuse represent two of the most prevalent and costly atrophic conditions, with resistance exercise training (RET) being the most effective lifestyle countermeasure. We employed gene‐level and network‐level meta‐analyses to contrast transcriptomic signatures of disuse and RET, plus young and older RET to establish a consensus on the molecular features of, and therapeutic targets against, muscle atrophy in conditions of high socio‐economic relevance.
Simple Titrimetric Analysis for Determination of Pitavastatin Calcium in Bulk and Formulation Dosage

A simple, convenient, economic and accurate method is reported for the determination of pitavastatin calcium in pure and dosage form. This method is an indirect determination of pitavastatin by determining the amount of calcium present in the drug. Pitavastatin belongs to the group of anticholesterol agents used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Analytical methods used so for to determine the concentration of this active pharmaceutical ingredient in dosage forms in the quality control are based mainly on the instrumental methods. The present work is based on the complexometric titration of Ca 2+ with EDTA. The titration was carried out both by direct titration with EDTA and back titration with Zn 2+ . Eriochrome black T was used as the indicator at pH = 10 in both the titrations. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters were evaluated.
Optical advantages of graphene on the boron nitride in visible and SW-NIR regions

We theoretically study the optical advantages of graphene on boron nitride for advanced materials. Firstly, the optical absorption properties of graphene and the boron nitride are investigated theoretically, respectively. It is found that there is a strong optical absorption in the visible and SW-NIR regions for graphene; while the optical absorption of boron nitride is in the deep-ultraviolet region. For the two layer complex of graphene on the boron nitride, theoretical calculations further reveal that the optical property of graphene in the visual region is almost not influenced by boron nitride. The three dimensional charge difference densities reveal the optical properties of electron–hole distribution on the optical excitation for the single layer graphene. The ground state interaction between the graphene and the boron nitride is mainly the van der Waals interactions via edge atoms between two layers. Furthermore, charge difference density reveals that there is no charge transfer between graphene and boron nitride in the visual region on electronic transitions. So, the optical properties of graphene are not influenced by boron nitride in the visible region, which reveals that the boron nitride is one of the best substrates for graphene-based nano-photonic devices.
Modelling of Oxygen Depletion in Coastal Waters

The relative importance of nutrient loadings and hydrographical and meteorological conditions for oxygen conditions in the Thisted Bredning, Denmark were evaluated by intensive survey and model calculations. The influence of wind speed on the vertical mixing in the unstratified shallow waters was quantified and tested in an oxygen model. The significance of oxygen consuming biological processes on the oxygen conditions were tested. By the use of a eutrophication model, the influence of local discharges of sewage on the size of the oxygen producing and oxygen consuming processes in the Thisted Bredning was calculated. Calculations showed that only a minor increase in rates of the oxygen consuming processes result in a drastic rise in the probability of oxygen depletion.
Optimal Program Synthesis Over Noisy Data

We explore and formalize the task of synthesizing programs over noisy data, i.e., data thatmay contain corrupted input-output examples. By formalizing the concept of a Noise Source, an Input Source, and a prior distribution over programs, we formalize the probabilistic process which constructs a noisy dataset. This formalism allows us to define the correctness of a synthesis algorithm, in terms of its ability to synthesize the hidden underlying program. The probability of a synthesis algorithm being correct depends upon the match between theNoise Source and the Loss Function used in the synthesis algorithm’s optimization process. We formalize the concept of an optimal Loss Function given prior information about the Noise Source. We provide a technique to design optimal Loss Functions given perfect and imperfect information about the Noise Sources. We also formalize the concept and conditions required for convergence, i.e., conditions underwhich the probability that the synthesis algorithm produces a correct program increases as the size of the noisy data set increases. This paper presents the first formalization of the concept of optimal Loss Functions, the first closed form definition of optimal Loss Functions, and the first conditions that ensure that a noisy synthesis algorithm will have convergence guarantees.
Synthetic Augmentation pix2pix using Tri-category Label with Edge structure for Accurate Segmentation architectures

In medical image diagnosis, pathology image analysis using semantic segmentation becomes important for efficient screening as a field of digital pathology. The spatial augmentation is ordinarily used for semantic segmentation. Images of malignant tumor are rare, and annotating the labels of the nuclei region is a time-consuming process. An effective use of the data set is required to maximize the segmentation accuracy. It is expected that augmentation to transform generalized images influences the segmentation performance. We propose a synthetic augmentation using label-to-image translation, mapping from a semantic label with an edge structure to a real image. This paper deals with the stain slides of nuclei in tumor. We demonstrate several segmentation algorithms applied to the initial data set that contains real images and labels using synthetic augmentation in order to add their generalized images. We compute and report that a proposed synthetic augmentation procedure improves the accuracy indices.
Molecular simulations and SAXS experiments elucidate ion-dependent conformational ensembles in GAC RNA

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments are increasingly used to probe RNA structure. A number of forward models that relate measured SAXS intensities and structural features, and that are suitable to model either explicit-solvent effects or solute dynamics, have been proposed in the past years. Here we introduce an approach that integrates atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and SAXS experiments to reconstruct RNA structural ensembles while simultaneously accounting for both RNA conformational dynamics and explicit-solvent effects. Our protocol exploits SAXS pure-solute forward models and enhanced sampling methods to sample an heterogenous ensemble of structures, with no information towards the experiments provided on-the-fly. The generated structural ensemble is then reweighted through the maximum entropy principle so as to match reference SAXS experimental data at multiple ionic conditions. Importantly, accurate explicit-solvent forward models are used at this reweighting stage. We apply this framework to the GTPase-associated center, a relevant RNA molecule involved in protein translation, in order to elucidate its ion-dependent conformational ensembles. We show that (a) both solvent and dynamics are crucial to reproduce experimental SAXS data and (b) the resulting dynamical ensembles contain an iondependent fraction of extended structures.
Double score matching estimators of average and quantile treatment effects

Propensity score matching has a long tradition for handling confounding in causal inference. In this article, we propose double score matching estimators of the average treatment effects and the quantile treatment effects utilizing two balancing scores including the propensity score and the prognostic score. We show that the de-biasing double score matching estimators achieve the double robustness property in that they are consistent for the true causal estimands if either the propensity score model or the prognostic score model is correctly specified, not necessarily both. } We characterize the asymptotic distributions for the doubly score matching estimators when either one of the score model is correctly specified based on the martingale representations of the matching estimators and theory for local normal experiments. We also provide a two-stage replication method for variance estimation and therefore doubly robust inference. R package is available online.
The Legacy of Slavery and Mass Incarceration: Evidence from Felony Case Outcomes

One common explanation for mass incarceration is that it is the latest in a series of institutions created to enforce the racial hierarchy in the United States. Despite this perspective’s prominence, it has been rarely tested empirically with extensive quantitative data. In this article, we begin to fill this gap by examining whether individuals charged with felonies experience worst-case outcomes when they are charged in counties that had high rates of slavery in 1860. Using multiple regression models that include state-year fixed effects and account for historical county-level factors and contemporary individual characteristics, we find that a criminal charge in a county with high levels of slavery in 1860 increases the likelihood of pretrial detention, the probability of a sentence of incarceration, and the length of incarceration sentences. These results hold for the full sample and for Black and White individuals separately.
Genome Sequence and Methylation Pattern of Haloterrigena salifodinae BOL5-1, an Extremely Halophilic Archaeon from a Bolivian Salt Mine

The halophilic archaeon Haloterrigena salifodinae BOL5-1 was isolated from a Bolivian salt mine and sequenced using single-molecule real-time sequencing. The GC-rich genome was 5.1 Mbp, with a 4.2-Mbp chromosome and 5 plasmids ranging from 96 to 281 kbp. The genome annotation was incorporated into HaloWeb (https://halo.umbc.edu) and the methylation patterns into REBASE (http://rebase.neb.com). Halophilic microbes capable of surviving extreme conditions are of interest for biotechnology and astrobiology (1–12). Our recent focus has been on high elevation and subsurface hypersaline environments, which yield polyextremophilic varieties. In this announcement, isolation of an extremely halophilic archaeon, Haloterrigena salifodinae BOL5-1, is reported, together with the first complete genome sequence for this species. ABSTRACT The halophilic archaeon Haloterrigena salifodinae BOL5-1 was isolated from a Bolivian salt mine and sequenced using single-molecule real-time sequencing. The GC-rich genome was 5.1 Mbp, with a 4.2-Mbp chromosome and 5 plasmids ranging from 96 to 281 kbp. The genome annotation was incorporated into HaloWeb (https://halo.umbc.edu), and the methylation patterns were incorporated into REBASE (http://tools.neb.com/genomes/view.php? seq_id=99167&list=1).
Fossil molluscs from borehole Hollum (Ameland, the Netherlands) constrain three successive Quaternary interglacial marine intervals in the southern North Sea Basin

Abstract When dealing with stratigraphic successions in marginal basin settings, the geological record is often fragmented due to erosion and reworking processes. The North Sea Basin is an example: it has a fragmented Quaternary record; in particular, Middle Pleistocene intervals are poorly known. As a result, we have little insight into climate, marine environmental conditions and biodiversity in this period. Here we describe and discuss a succession of three interglacial marine mollusc-bearing intervals in a borehole from Ameland in the northern Netherlands (borehole B01H0189 near Hollum). These intervals are attributed to marine isotope stages MIS7, MIS5e and MIS1. The Holocene Celtic type of faunas (interval 0–26.24 m below surface (b.s.)) and Eemian Lusitanian type of faunas (26.24–30.40 m b.s.) are well-known from previous research. The newly reported MIS7 Oostermeer fauna (32.80–39.00 m b.s.) represents mostly full marine settings between storm wave base and fair-weather wave base. In composition and diversity, the MIS7 and MIS1 faunas strongly resemble and differ from the MIS5e fauna. This is the first well-documented record of three stacked marine interglacial assemblages from the southern North Sea Basin at one location. This new record enables us to make complete marine faunal characterisations of successive interglacial periods. Key implications for southern North Sea stratigraphy and palaeogeography are the resemblance of marine faunas and conditions in MIS7 and MIS1, the presence of a relatively warm latest MIS6 freshwater interval and confirmation and characterisation of the warm Eemian interval north of the classical type area.
CHILD SACRIFICE IN TULA: A BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY

Abstract Recent salvage excavations conducted in the Early Postclassic city of Tula, Hidalgo, exposed a residential compound containing an open patio, beneath which was discovered a massive burial, designated Feature 5. Human remains involving a minimum of 49 individuals were discovered, many of whom were arranged in a sitting or squatting position. The majority of individuals, including all of the latter, were young children. The bioarchaeological analysis suggests that they were sacrificed. Many individuals exhibited anthropogenic modification, including cut marks on the skull and postcranial skeleton, indicating the children had been flayed. Some individuals were represented only by the skull and cervical vertebrae, suggesting decapitation. The individuals appeared to be in bad health, a common attribute of children sacrificed to Tlaloc by the Aztecs. According to ethnohistorical sources, children offered to Tlaloc commonly had their throats slit, although this practice was not identified among the individuals in Feature 5, possibly owing to their young age. Sacrifice also may have been made to Xipe Totec, as suggested by the evidence of flaying and the presence of a large hollow sculpture of the deity located in an adjacent residential compound, a deity who has been also linked to human sacrifice related to regeneration and fertility.
Macromolecular Structural Unit Construction of Fushun Nitric-Acid-Oxidized Coal

Biological liquefaction of nitric-acid-oxidized low-rank coal is well-documented in the literature. However, few studies focused on the macromolecular structure of nitric-acid-oxidized low-rank coal. In this paper, Fushun nitric-acid-oxidized coal was first analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra to investigate its elemental composition and organic functional groups. Then, the coal macromolecular structural parameters were calculated, and its structural unit was constructed. The results showed that the Fushun nitric-acid-oxidized coal structural unit had a molecular formula of C192H161N9O39. Carbon existed in the form of carboxyl and alkyl with 1–3 carbon atoms, besides aryl. Oxygen existed in the form of carboxyl, carbonyl, and phenolic groups, ether bond, etc. Nitrogen existed in the form of nitryl, amide, etc. The hydrogen aromaticity, length of the side chain, ratio of aromatic carbon, and ratio of phenolic carbon were 0.086, 0.567, 0.
Cerebrospinal fluid hemoglobin levels as markers of blood contamination: relevance for α-synuclein measurement

Abstract Objectives Cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein (CSF α-syn) represents a possible biomarker in Parkinson’s disease (PD) diagnosis. CSF blood contamination can introduce a bias in α-syn measurement. To date, CSF samples with a red blood cells (RBC) count >50 RBC × 106/L or haemoglobin (Hb) concentration >200 μg/L are excluded from biomarker studies. However, investigations for defining reliable cut-off values are missing. Methods We evaluated the effect of blood contamination on CSF α-syn measurement by a systematic approach in a cohort of 42 patients with different neurological conditions who underwent lumbar puncture (LP) for diagnostic reasons. CSF samples were spiked with whole blood and serially diluted to 800, 400, 200, 100, 75, 50, 25, 5, 0 RBC × 106/L. CSF α-syn and Hb levels were measured by ELISA. Results In neat CSF, the average concentration of α-syn was 1,936 ± 636 ng/L. This value increased gradually in spiked CSF samples, up to 4,817 ± 1,456 ng/L (+149% α-syn variation) in samples with 800 RBC × 106/L. We established different cut-offs for discriminating samples with α-syn level above 5, 10, and 20% variation, corresponding to a Hb (RBC) concentration of 1,569 μg/L (37 RBC × 106/L), 2,082 μg/L (62 RBC × 106/L), and 3,118 μg/L (87 RBC × 106/L), respectively. Conclusions Our data show the high impact of CSF blood contamination on CSF α-syn levels, highlighting the measurement of Hb concentration as mandatory when assessing CSF α-syn. The thresholds we calculated are useful to classify CSF samples for blood contamination, considering as reliable only those showing a Hb concentration <1,569 μg/L.
Outage Probability Analysis of SWIPT Device-to-Device MIMO Relay Systems with Outdated CSI

Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) plays a vital role in power-constrained cooperative communication by harvesting energy at the relay node from the ambient radio frequency signals while transmitting information to the destination. In this work, we consider SWIPT based overlay device-to-device (D2D) multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) relay communications with outdated channel state information (CSI) overgeneralized Nakagami-m fading channels. Further, transmit antenna selection is employed in choosing the antenna which maximizes the received signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver to reduce the system complexity. Framework for outage probability and asymptotic outage probability for the SWIPT based D2D MIMO relay system with outdated CSI is developed. Impact of energy harvesting and outdated CSI over throughput is analyzed for the considered system model. Simulations are carried out to verify the correctness of the obtained analytical expressions.