Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Online AUC Maximization

Most studies of online learning measure the performance of a learner by classiﬁcation accuracy, which is inappropriate for applica-tions where the data are unevenly distributed among diﬀerent classes. We address this lim-itation by developing online learning algorithm for maximizing Area Under the ROC curve (AUC), a metric that is widely used for measuring the classiﬁcation performance for imbalanced data distributions. The key challenge of online AUC maximization is that it needs to optimize the pairwise loss between two instances from diﬀerent classes. This is in contrast to the classical setup of online learning where the overall loss is a sum of losses over individual training examples. We address this challenge by exploiting the reservoir sampling technique, and present two algorithms for online AUC maximization with theoretic performance guarantee. Extensive experimental studies conﬁrm the eﬀective-ness and the eﬃciency of the proposed algorithms for maximizing AUC.
on Lattices.

G. BirkhoIY has proved that the congruence relations on any modular lattice of finite dimension form a Boolean algebra. The object of this paper is to prove that the congruence relations on any lattice of finite dimension form a distributive lattice. By a "congruence relation" on a lattice with operation and is meant a division of its elements into subsets which preserves the univalence of the operations, e.g. makes the subset containing depends only on the subset containing z and the subset containing y, and also for z y. A congruence relation 0 on any lattice L of finite dimension is determined by its prime quotients which 0 annuls. (a/b is said to be annuled when a=--b(O)). We denote by the set of all prime quotients which annuls. Lemma 1. 0 satisfies the following condition. (1) When a/be, u/v is any projective quotient of a/b, and p/q is such a prime quotient as u >= p :> q v, then p/q e e). Proof. As u/v is a projective quotient of a/b which annuls, u/v is also annuled by 0. Then p=u pv p=v, q=v q----u q=u, thus p=--q. Lemma . let ) be a set of prime quotients of a lattice L of finite dimension, which satisfies the conditi.on (1) of lemma 1. Let us define x=--y(O) when x y and y are connected by a set of prime quotients which are elements of . Then O is a congruence relation on L. Proof. In the first place gives an equivalence relation. For we have evidently reflexive and symmetric relation. It remains o prove transitive relation" ab, b=--c() induce a=--c(). In fact a c/a b is a projective quotient of b w c/(a b) (b w c), and b (a b) (b w c) = b, and bwc/b is annuled by 0; whence a c/a b is annuled by O. By hypothesis a b/a is annuled by O. Thus a o c/a is annuled and then a c/a is annuled, whence a=--c(O). Next 0 preserves the univalence of the operations, that is ab, c-d induce awcbd(8). To prove this we can assume a>b, c ::> d. a c/b c is a transposed quotient of a/a (b c), a (bc):>b, and then a/b is annuled by , thus by (1) ac/bc is annuled. Similarly b c/b d is annuled by , and then a c=-b d. For two prime quotients p/q and ’/s of a lattice of finite dimension, we write p/q r/s when there exists a quotient u/v which is a projective quotient of p/q and u ’::> s v. This definition obviously satisfies the axioms of partial ordering, and we denote by X this
Mediating eﬀect of intergenerational family conﬂict between perceived parental warmth and depressive symptoms

Depressive symptoms are one of the biggest mental health issues among Korean American adolescents. Previous studies have found that parental warmth and intergenerational family conﬂict have a major impact on depressive symptoms among Korean American adolescents. This cross-sectional study examines the mediation eﬀects of intergenerational family conﬂict between perceived parental warmth and depressive symptoms among 97 Korean American adolescents aged 14 to 18 years old in the Paciﬁc Northwest region. The results revealed that 60% of participants experienced depressive symptoms. In addition, mother-adolescent conﬂict signiﬁcantly mediated between perceived parental warmth and depressive symptoms while father-adolescent conﬂict did not signiﬁcantly mediate. The ﬁnding suggests the need to develop intervention programs for Korean American adolescents and their parents that focus on creating an understanding of the diﬀerence between Korean culture and American culture, iden-tifying early signs of depressive symptoms, and decreasing intergenerational family conﬂict by teaching parents to express parental warmth eﬀectively.
Secondary Bacterial Infections Nucleoprotein Reduces Susceptibility to Immunity to the Conserved Influenza

Inﬂuenza causes >250,000 deaths annually in the industrialized world, and bacterial infections frequently cause secondary illnesses during inﬂuenza outbreaks, including pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis, and otitis media. In this study, we demonstrate that cross-reactive immunity to mismatched inﬂuenza strains can reduce susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections, even though this fails to prevent inﬂuenza infection. Speciﬁcally, infecting mice with H3N2 inﬂuenza before challenging with mismatched H1N1 inﬂuenza reduces susceptibility to either Gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae or Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae . Vaccinating mice with the highly conserved nucleoprotein of inﬂuenza also reduces H1N1-induced susceptibility to lethal bacterial infections. Both T cells and Abs contribute to defense against inﬂuenza-induced bacterial diseases; inﬂuenza cross-reactive T cells reduce viral titers, whereas Abs to nucleoprotein suppress induction of inﬂammation in the lung. These ﬁndings suggest that nonneutralizing inﬂuenza vaccines that fail to prevent inﬂuenza infection may nevertheless protect the public from secondary bacterial diseases when neutralizing vaccines are not available. The Journal of Immunology , 2012, 189: 000–000. pneumonia, of inﬂuenza
Vascular function and structure in veteran athletes following 1 myocardial infarction 2

Purpose. Despite athletes demonstrate a lower cardiovascular risk and superior vascular function compared to sedentary peers, they are not exempted from cardiac events ( i.e., myocardial infarction 35 [MI]). The presence of a MI is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and impaired vascular 36 function. We tested the hypothesis that lifelong exercise training in post-MI athletes, similar as in 37 healthy controls, is associated with a superior peripheral vascular function and structure compared 38 to a sedentary lifestyle in post-MI individuals. 39 Methods. We included 18 veteran (>20 years) athletes (ATH) and 18 sedentary controls (SED). To 40 understand the impact of lifelong exercise training following MI, we included 20 veteran post-MI 41 athletes (ATH+MI) and 19 sedentary post-MI controls (SED+MI). Participants underwent 42 comprehensive assessment using vascular ultrasound (vascular stiffness, intima-media thickness 43 (IMT), and endothelium (in)dependent mediated dilation). Lifetime Risk Score was calculated for a 44 30-year risk prediction of cardiovascular disease mortality of the participants. 45 Results. ATH demonstrated a lower vascular stiffness, and smaller femoral IMT compared to SED. Vascular function and structure did not differ between ATH+MI and SED+MI. ATH ATH+MI a significantly better lifetime risk score sedentary secondary events two recurrent elective percutaneous coronary Conclusion. Although veteran post-MI not a superior peripheral vascular function lifelong in veteran post-MI better cardiovascular risk profile and lower occurrence of secondary events.
Digital Adaptive Hysteresis Current Control for Multi-Functional Inverters

This paper proposes a digital adaptive hysteresis current control method for multi-functional inverters in a power-flow control device called digital grid router. Each inverter can be controlled in master, grid-connected, or stand-alone modes, which can be specified by the controller. While the popular linear sine-triangle pulse width modulation (SPWM) control technique requires complicated proportional-integral (PI) regulators with an unavoidable time delay, hysteresis current control has a simple structure, fast responses, and robustness due to its independent system of parameters. Since the hysteresis current control method controls the output current stay around the reference current directly, in the multi-functional inverter, the reference output is not given by a current directly. Thus, the reference current used to implement the hysteresis current control in this study is calculated from the given reference voltage or power in each control mode. The controller uses high-speed sampled data at MHz level and is implemented by using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Experimental results show good performances of the proposed controller in controlling power exchanges in the digital grid router.
Complete genome sequence of Ilyobacter polytropus type strain (CuHbu1 T )

to the fusobacterial family Fusobacteriaceae . The species is of interest because its members are able to ferment quite a number of sugars and organic acids. I. polytropus has a broad versatility in using various fermentation pathways. Also, its members do not degrade poly- β -hydroxybutyrate but only the monomeric 3-hydroxybutyrate. This is the first completed genome sequence of a member of the genus Ilyobacter and the second sequence from the family Fusobacteriaceae . The 3,132,314 bp long genome with its 2,934 protein-coding and 108 RNA genes consists of two chromosomes (2 and 1 Mbp long) and one plasmid, and is a part of the G enomic E ncyclopedia of B acteria and A rchaea project.
by pig slurry

Nutrient recycling using pig slurry is a common agricultural practice to manage the ever-increasing amounts of wastes from the pig industry. This study was conducted in the southeast of Spain to quantify the enrichments in major (N, P, K, Mg) and minor (Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn) nutrients in soils amended with D1-170 kg N ha -1 (European Union legislated dose) or D2-340 kg N ha -1 , and understand the influence of pig slurry on yield and nutrient uptake in two crop seasons of spring barley ( Hordeum distichon L.) Compared to control, D2 increased NO 3- -N by 11.4X to 109 mg kg -1 , Olsen-P by 6.9X to 423 mg kg -1 , exchange K (2.5X to 1.6 cmol + kg -1 ), Mg (1.7X to 1.8 cmol + kg -1 ), diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)-Zn (94X to 18.2 mg kg -1 ), and Fe (2X to 11.3 mg kg -1 ). Available NO 3- -N, Olsen-P, and DTPA-Zn have the best correlations with crop yield and nutrient uptake. These results indicate that the assessment of soil fertility status at 1-mo after pig slurry addition provides a good indicator for potential yield and uptake of barley. However, it is suggested that leachates should be monitored to effectively manage potential releases of nitrate and phosphate into the environment.
Double-Stranded RNA-Binding Protein Regulates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor mRNA Stability, Translation, and Breast Cancer Angiogenesis (cid:1)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key angiogenic factor expressed under restricted nutrient and oxygen conditions in most solid tumors. The expression of VEGF under hypoxic conditions requires transcription through activated hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), increased mRNA stability, and facilitated translation. This study identiﬁed double-stranded RNA-binding protein 76/NF90 (DRBP76/NF90), a speciﬁc isoform of the DRBP family, as a VEGF mRNA-binding protein which plays a key role in VEGF mRNA stability and protein synthesis under hypoxia. The DRBP76/NF90 protein binds to a human VEGF 3 (cid:1) untranslated mRNA stability element. RNA interference targeting the DRBP76/NF90 isoform limited hypoxia-inducible VEGF mRNA and protein expression with no change in HIF-1-dependent transcriptional activity. Stable repression of DRBP76/NF90 in MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells demonstrated reduced polysome-associated VEGF mRNA levels under hypoxic conditions and reduced mRNA stability. Transient overexpression of the DRBP76/NF90 protein increased both VEGF mRNA and protein levels synthesized under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Cells with stable repression of the DRBP76/NF90 isoform showed reduced tumorigenic and angiogenic potential in an orthotopic breast tumor model. These data demonstrate that the DRBP76/NF90 isoform facilitates VEGF expression by promoting VEGF mRNA loading onto polysomes and translation under hypoxic conditions, thus promoting breast cancer growth and angiogenesis in vivo. analysis. detect interleukin Laboratories). Immunoblottings were performed immunoglobulin and blots then
Invariant V (cid:2) 14 Chain NKT Cells Promote Plasmodium berghei Circumsporozoite Protein-Speciﬁc Gamma Interferon- and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Producing CD8 (cid:1) T Cells in the Liver after Poxvirus Vaccination of Mice

Understanding the protective mechanism in the liver induced by recombinant vaccines against the pre- erythrocytic stages of malaria is important for vaccine development. Most studies in mice have focused on splenic and peripheral blood T cells and identiﬁed gamma interferon (IFN- (cid:1) )-producing CD8 (cid:2) T cells as correlates of protection, which can be induced by prime-boost vaccination with recombinant poxviruses. Invariant natural killer T (V (cid:3) 14 i NKT) cells can also protect against liver stage malaria, when activated, and are abundant in the liver. Since poxviruses have nonspeciﬁc immunomodulating effects, which are incompletely understood, we investigated whether recombinant poxviruses affect the protective properties of hepatic V (cid:3) 14 i NKT cells and thus vaccine efﬁcacy. We show that intradermal vaccination with recombinant poxviruses activated V (cid:3) 14 i NKT cells and NK cells in the livers of BALB/c mice while inducing IFN- (cid:1) - and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- (cid:3) )-producing pre-erythrocytic stage antigen-speciﬁc CD8 (cid:2) T cells. Greater numbers of hepatic V (cid:3) 14 i NKT cells secreted interleukin-4 than IFN- (cid:1) . Vaccinated V (cid:3) 14 i NKT-cell-deﬁcient mice had lower, but still protective levels of hepatic and splenic IFN- (cid:1) (cid:2) and TNF- (cid:3) (cid:2) CD8 (cid:2) T cells and better protection rates later after challenge with Plasmodium berghei sporozoites. Therefore, vaccine-activated hepatic V (cid:3) 14 i NKT cells help in generating speciﬁc T cells but are not required for protection induced by recombinant poxviruses. Furthermore, double-positive INF- (cid:1) (cid:2) /TNF- (cid:3) (cid:2) CD8 (cid:2) T cells were enriched in protected livers, suggesting that cells expressing both of these cytokines may be most relevant for protection. hyde and by a FACSCalibur instrument (Becton Dickinson) using CellQuest software (Becton Dickinson). analysis. The and t used of Differences in of berghei Statistical was performed 4.0/Statcalc.
Towards Explainable Meta-Learning for DDoS Detection

The Internet is the most complex machine humankind has ever built, and how to defense it from intrusions is even more complex. With the ever increasing of new intrusions, intrusion detection task rely on Artificial Intelligence more and more. Interpretability and transparency of the machine learning model is the foundation of trust in AI-driven intrusion detection results. Current interpretation Artificial Intelligence technologies in intrusion detection are heuristic, which is neither accurate nor sufficient. This paper proposed a rigorous interpretable Artificial Intelligence driven intrusion detection approach, based on artificial immune system. Details of rigorous interpretation calculation process for a decision tree model is presented. Prime implicant explanation for benign traffic flow are given in detail as rule for negative selection of the cyber immune system. Experiments are carried out in real-life traffic.
Deletion Robust Non-Monotone Submodular Maximization over Matroids

Maximizing a submodular function is a fundamental task in machine learning and in this paper we study the deletion robust version of the problem under the classic matroids constraint. Here the goal is to extract a small size summary of the dataset that contains a high value independent set even after an adversary deleted some elements. We present constant-factor approximation algorithms, whose space complexity depends on the rank $k$ of the matroid and the number $d$ of deleted elements. In the centralized setting we present a $(4.597+O(\varepsilon))$-approximation algorithm with summary size $O( \frac{k+d}{\varepsilon^2}\log \frac{k}{\varepsilon})$ that is improved to a $(3.582+O(\varepsilon))$-approximation with $O(k + \frac{d}{\varepsilon^2}\log \frac{k}{\varepsilon})$ summary size when the objective is monotone. In the streaming setting we provide a $(9.435 + O(\varepsilon))$-approximation algorithm with summary size and memory $O(k + \frac{d}{\varepsilon^2}\log \frac{k}{\varepsilon})$; the approximation factor is then improved to $(5.582+O(\varepsilon))$ in the monotone case.
Towards Certified Robustness of Distance Metric Learning

Metric learning aims to learn a distance metric such that semantically similar instances are pulled together while dissimilar instances are pushed away. Many existing methods consider maximizing or at least constraining a distance margin in the feature space that separates similar and dissimilar pairs of instances to guarantee their generalization ability. In this paper, we advocate imposing an adversarial margin in the input space so as to improve the generalization and robustness of metric learning algorithms. We ﬁrst show that, the adversarial margin, deﬁned as the distance between training instances and their closest adversarial examples in the input space, takes account of both the distance margin in the feature space and the correlation between the metric and triplet constraints. Next, to enhance robustness to instance perturbation, we propose to enlarge the adversarial margin through minimizing a derived novel loss function termed the perturbation loss. The proposed loss can be viewed as a data-dependent regularizer and easily plugged into any existing metric learning methods. Finally, we show that the enlarged margin is beneﬁcial to the generalization ability by using the theoretical technique of algorithmic robustness. Experimental results on 16 datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over existing state-of-the-art methods in both discrimination accuracy and robustness against possible noise.
A Sharper Computational Tool for Regression

Abstract Building on previous research of Chi and Chi, this article revisits estimation in robust structured regression under the criterion. We adopt the majorization-minimization (MM) principle to design a new algorithm for updating the vector of regression coefficients. Our sharp majorization achieves faster convergence than the previous alternating proximal gradient descent algorithm by Chi and Chi. In addition, we reparameterize the model by substituting precision for scale and estimate precision via a modified Newton’s method. This simplifies and accelerates overall estimation. We also introduce distance-to-set penalties to enable constrained estimation under nonconvex constraint sets. This tactic also improves performance in coefficient estimation and structure recovery. Finally, we demonstrate the merits of our improved tactics through a rich set of simulation examples and a real data application.
Speeding up random walk mixing by starting from a uniform vertex

The theory of rapid mixing random walks plays a fundamental role in the study of modern randomised algorithms. Usually, the mixing time is measured with respect to the worst initial position. It is well known that the presence of bottlenecks in a graph hampers mixing and, in particular, starting inside a small bottleneck significantly slows down the diffusion of the walk in the first steps of the process. The average mixing time is defined to be the mixing time starting at a uniformly random vertex and hence is not sensitive to the slow diffusion caused by these bottlenecks. In this paper we provide a general framework to show logarithmic average mixing time for random walks on graphs with small bottlenecks. The framework is especially effective on certain families of random graphs with heterogeneous properties. We demonstrate its applicability on two random models for which the mixing time was known to be of order $(\log n)^2$, speeding up the mixing to order $\log n$. First, in the context of smoothed analysis on connected graphs, we show logarithmic average mixing time for randomly perturbed graphs of bounded degeneracy. A particular instance is the Newman-Watts small-world model. Second, we show logarithmic average mixing time for supercritically percolated expander graphs. When the host graph is complete, this application gives an alternative proof that the average mixing time of the giant component in the supercritical Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graph is logarithmic.
WatchPed: Pedestrian Crossing Intention Prediction Using Embedded Sensors of Smartwatch

The pedestrian crossing intention prediction problem is to estimate whether or not the target pedestrian will cross the street. State-of-the-art techniques heavily depend on visual data acquired through the front camera of the ego-vehicle to make a prediction of the pedestrian's crossing intention. Hence, the efficiency of current methodologies tends to decrease notably in situations where visual input is imprecise, for instance, when the distance between the pedestrian and ego-vehicle is considerable or the illumination levels are inadequate. To address the limitation, in this paper, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of the first-of-its-kind pedestrian crossing intention prediction model based on integration of motion sensor data gathered through the smartwatch (or smartphone) of the pedestrian. We propose an innovative machine learning framework that effectively integrates motion sensor data with visual input to enhance the predictive accuracy significantly, particularly in scenarios where visual data may be unreliable. Moreover, we perform an extensive data collection process and introduce the first pedestrian intention prediction dataset that features synchronized motion sensor data. The dataset comprises 255 video clips that encompass diverse distances and lighting conditions. We trained our model using the widely-used JAAD and our own datasets and compare the performance with a state-of-the-art model. The results demonstrate that our model outperforms the current state-of-the-art method, particularly in cases where the distance between the pedestrian and the observer is considerable (more than 70 meters) and the lighting conditions are inadequate.
An axiomatic theory for anonymized risk sharing

We study an axiomatic framework for anonymized risk sharing. In contrast to traditional risk sharing settings, our framework requires no information on preferences, identities, private operations and realized losses from the individual agents, and thereby it is useful for modeling risk sharing in decentralized systems. Four axioms natural in such a framework -- actuarial fairness, risk fairness, risk anonymity, and operational anonymity -- are put forward and discussed. We establish the remarkable fact that the four axioms characterizes the conditional mean risk sharing rule, revealing the unique and prominent role of this popular risk sharing rule among all others in relevant applications of anonymized risk sharing. Several other properties and their relations to the four axioms are studied, as well as their implications in rationalizing the design of some sharing mechanisms in practice.