Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Redox Reactions in the Physiopathology of the Liver

Electron fluxes are constant within cellular metabolism. Donating or accepting electrons, either naked or as hydrogen atoms, is one of the most important properties of bioen ‐ ergetic networks. These redox reactions fulfill key physiological phenomena such as cellular growing, phenotypic differentiation, nutritional adaptations and redox‐depen ‐ dent cellular signaling, but when they became unregulated, serious pathologies such as degenerative diseases and metabolic disorders arise. The liver being an important meta ‐ bolic organ, redox reactions play a strategic role in its main functions: processing of nutri ‐ ents, fasting response, xenobiotic managing and circadian activity. However, liver is also very sensitive to compounds that disturb redox state such as ethanol, CCl 4 , aflatoxins, among others, as well as to stressors such as hypercaloric diets, endocrine disruptors and stressful life situations. This chapter reviews concepts related to redox reactions in the liver, including metabolic aspects of reactive oxygen species (ROS), prooxidant and antioxidant subcellular systems, alterations produced by hepatotoxins, adaptations to experimental surgical protocols such as portacaval anastomosis, and participation in can ‐ cer. It is out of question that for a better comprehension of the physiopathological events in the liver and other metabolic organs, the more complete understanding of the roles played by redox reactions will be a necessity. peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase superoxide dismutase (SOD), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), α‐ ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α‐KGDH), sirtuin (SIRT), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG).
Reconstruction of solar total irradiance since 1700 from the surface magnetic flux

Context. Total solar irradiance changes by about 0.1% between solar activity maximum and minimum. Accurate measurements of this quantity are only available since 1978 and do not provide information on longer-term secular trends. Aims. In order to reliably evaluate the Sun's role in recent global climate change, longer time series are, however, needed. They can only be assessed with the help of suitable models. Methods. The total solar irradiance is reconstructed from the end of the Maunder minimum to the present based on variations of the surface distribution of the solar magnetic field. The latter is calculated from the historical record of the sunspot number using a simple but consistent physical model. Results. Our model successfully reproduces three independent data sets: total solar irradiance measurements available since 1978, total photospheric magnetic flux since 1974 and the open magnetic flux since 1868 empirically reconstructed using the geomagnetic aa -index. The model predicts an increase in the solar total irradiance since the Maunder minimum of $1.3^{\rm +0.2}_{\rm -0.4}$ Wm -2 .
Advertisement and combat calls of the glass frog Centrolene lynchi (Anura: Centrolenidae), with notes on combat and reproductive behaviors

Advertisement and combat calls of the glass frog Centrolene lynchi (Anura: Centrolenidae), with notes on combat and reproductive behaviors. We describe the advertisement and combat calls, combat behavior, and reproductive behavior of the glass frog Centrolene lynchi, an endemic species of the cloud forests of Ecuador. The typical advertisement call consists of a tonal note and 1-3 peaked notes, each with 1-3 pulses. Variations on this advertisement call include the addition of a short note before the tonal note, as well as the absence of the tonal note. These modifications may be similar to the described call modifications of other anurans in response to the presence of conspecific females and males, potential predators and/or changes in the sound environment. Additionally, we describe the combat call emitted during previously undescribed venter-to- venter combat between males. The discovery of this combat behavior is consistent with the hypothesis that venter-to-venter combat behavior is a shared derived trait of the subfamily Centroleninae. Finally, we describe male reproductive habits and development of the species, including egg attendance by males and implied male parental care.
Semillas de altramuces bajan la concentración de lípidos plasmáticos y normaliza los parámetros antioxidantes en ratas

162 in erythrocytes and plasma glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) were examined. A hypercholesterolemia-induced diet manifested in the elevation of total lipids (TL), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL-C and MDA levels, ALT, AST, LDH activities and the depletion of GSH and enzymic antioxidants. The supplementation of a hypercholesterolemia-induced diet with bitter and sweet lupin seeds significantly lowered the plasma levels of TL, TC, TG and LDL-C. ALT, AST and LDH activities slightly decreased in treated groups compared with the hypercholesterolemic group (HC). Furthermore, the content of GSH significantly increased while MDA significantly decreased in treated groups compared with the HC group. In addition, the bitter lupin seed group improved enzymic antioxidants compared with the HC group. In general, the results indicated that the bitter lupin seed supplements are better than those containing sweet lupin seeds. These results suggested that the hypocholesterolemic effect of bitter and sweet lupin seed supplements might be due to their abilities to lower the plasma cholesterol level as well as to slow down the lipid peroxidation process and to enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity.
Pricing Without Martingale Measure

For several decades, the no-arbitrage (NA) condition and the martingale measures have played a major role in the financial asset's pricing theory. Here, we propose a new approach based on convex duality instead of martingale measures duality : our prices will be expressed using Fenchel conjugate and bi-conjugate. This is lead naturally to a weak condition of absence of arbitrage opportunity, called Absence of Immediate Profit (AIP), which asserts that the price of the zero claim should be zero. We study the link between (AIP), (NA) and the no-free lunch condition. We show in a one step model that, under (AIP), the super-hedging cost is just the payoff's concave envelop and that (AIP) is equivalent to the non-negativity of the super-hedging prices of some call option. In the multiple-period case, for a particular, but still general setup, we propose a recursive scheme for the computation of a the super-hedging cost of a convex option. We also give some numerical illustrations.
A Study on the Removal Characteristics of Nickel Ion from Wastewater by Low-Cost Nano Adsorbent

The work aims at adsorption studies of nickel from aqueous solution onto activated nano carbon prepared from Syringodium Isoetifolium Leaves, by acid treatment was tested for its efficiency in removing nickel ion. The process parameters studied include agitation time, initial nickel ion concentration, adsorbent dose, pH and temperature. The adsorption followed second order reaction equation and the rate is mainly controlled by intra-particle diffusion. The equilibrium adsorption data were correlated with Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Hurkins-Jura, Halsay, Redlich-Peterson, Jovanovich and BET isotherm models. The adsorption capacity (Qm) obtained from the Langmuir isotherm plot at an initial pH of 6.5 and at 30, 40, 50, 60 ± 0.5 0C. The influence of pH on nickel ions removal was significant and the adsorption was increased with increase in temperature. A portion of the nickel ion was recovered from the spent ASI-NC using 0.1M HCl.
How the Good Guys are sustainable: A corporate social responsibility case study of an SME

This paper undertakes an initial investigation of corporate social responsibility with a particular emphasis on sustainability in the Australian SME environment. Given that the research is exploratory in nature a qualitative case study has been used. Interviews with eco-team members and data from secondary sources were obtained from an SME that has a repetition for enhanced business performance resulting form the application of CSR and sustainable practices. The findings provide practical insight into the advantages of CSR and sustainable practice to SME bottom line performance and give balance to this sector in the literature that is more focused on larger corporations. The findings indicate the importance of partnering, and show how CSR can be a direct and long-term driver of sustainable business performance.
XMM-NEWTON SLEW SURVEY OBSERVATIONS OF THE GRAVITATIONAL WAVE EVENT GW150914

The detection of the first gravitational wave (GW) transient GW150914 prompted an extensive campaign of follow-up observations at all wavelengths. Although no dedicated XMM-Newton observations have been performed, the satellite passed through the GW150914 error region during normal operations. Here we report the analysis of the data taken during these satellite slews performed two hours and two weeks after the GW event. Our data cover 1.1 and 4.8 deg2 of the final GW localization region. No X-ray counterpart to GW150914 is found down to a sensitivity of 6 × 10−13 erg cm−2 s−1 in the 0.2–2 keV band. Nevertheless, these observations show the great potential of XMM-Newton slew observations for searching for the electromagnetic counterparts of GW events. A series of adjacent slews performed in response to a GW trigger would take ≲1.5 days to cover most of the typical GW credible region. We discuss this scenario and its prospects for detecting the X-ray counterpart of future GW detections.
Growth and photosynthesis response of the green alga, Picochlorum oklahomensis to iron limitation and salinity stress

The extreme environment of the Great Salt Plains (GSP) results in low algal biomass, such that natural selection is likely driven by survival of multiple abiotic stresses rather than rapid growth and biotic interactions. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of combined salinity stress and iron limitation on growth and photosynthesis in the green alga, Picochlorum oklahomensis isolated from the GSP habitat. Algal cells were grown in batch cultures under iron sufficiency or iron limitation at salinities of 10, 50 and 100 ppt in artificial seawater (AS 100) medium. Cells were physiologically characterized by growth rates, cell density, photosynthetic light-response curves (oxygen evolution), pigment composition and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm, ФPSII, qP and NPQ. P. oklahomensis cultured in no added Fe exhibit smaller inhibition by 100 ppt salinity relative to 10 ppt. Thus, high salinity appears to be reduced under low nutrient conditions. Fe stress resulted in qualitative differences in physiological response. The interaction between salinity and low iron is consistent with a general stress response that concurrently protects against several abiotic stress factors. Key words: Iron limitation, salinity stress, Picochlorum sp.
AUTOMATIC COLOR IMAGE SEGMENTATION USING DEFORMABLE NET

This paper proposes the use of deformation as a foundation for color image segmentation. Instead of deforming a single contour, typically used with other deformable contour methods, the proposed technique deforms a planner net. This net consists of a group of vertices connected by edges without crossing each other. The connected edges form polygons that represent the segmented regions boundaries. During the deformation process, the algorithm changes the location and the number of vertices as well as the number of polygons to enhance the segmentation fit. The deformation forces are generated based upon the homogeneity of the color distribution within the regions. The algorithm is completely autonomous and does not require any training or pre-knowledge about the image contents. The experimental results demonstrated the capability of the algorithm to segment color images from arbitrary sources within reasonable time. Furthermore, the compact mathematical representation of the resulting boundaries could be of value for further image analysis.
NEURAL NETWORK SPEED CONTROLLER FOR INDUCTION MOTOR BASED ON FEEDBACK LINEARIZATION

A simple structure neural network (NN) is presented to control the speed of the induction motor in this paper. The scheme consists of a neural network controller, a reference model, and an algorithm for changing the NN weights in order that the speed of the drive can track of the reference speed. The rotor flux is estimated by the simplified rotor flux observer on the rotor reference frame and the feedback linearization theory is used to decouple the rotor speed and the flux amplitude. The proposed controller, without using state space dynamics and by employing only the input-output information can produce the control input for motor. However, the NN controller is robust to the bounded parameter variations and external disturbances. A qualified speed tracking and load regulating responses can be obtained by the proposed controller.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE USE OF GREEN LOGISTICS: THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS

As the climate change is getting more and more visible through global warming and more rapidly appearing weather anomalies. Planet resources are used more widely and rapidly due to that coming to an end. World society is concerned, how to affect global warming effect, how to find measures to preserve natural resources and promote recycling. In this global process logistics plays very important role, as it is one of the main pollution sources and resource user. Thus the rising attention to the greener solutions, doesn’t leave logistics aside. Many countries make steps to promote greener technologies and recycling in logistics field, as the logistics process cannot be stopped or make completely green, as the, necessary resource is fuel. Full stop of logistics it would lead to economics stop. Nevertheless not only technology drives logistics, also logistic processes influence heavily on ecology. If processes are not efficient, they also lead to wasting of resources. So the aim of this article is to reveal factors influencing green logistics use at the level of company from the theoretical point of view. First off all the difference between the conceptions of green logistics and logistics are presented. Secondly the use of green logistics and it’s impact to global ecology are discussed. Finally the solution of using green logistics and the factors of using it through the theoretical implications are presented. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.em. 17.2. 2202
SYMPAThy: Towards a comprehensive approach to the extraction of Italian Word Combinations

SUMMARY. The paper presents SYMPAThy,a new approach to the extraction of WordCombinations. The approach is new in that it combines pattern-based (P-based)and syntax-based S-based) methods in or-der to obtain an integrated and nified view of a lexeme’s combinatory potential. RIASSUNTO. L’articolo presenta SYMPA-Thy, un nuovo metodo per l’estrazione di Combinazioni di Parole. L’originalita dell’approccio consiste nel combinare il metodo basato su sequenze di parti del discorso (P-based) e quello basato sulle dipendenze sintattiche (S-based) per ar-rivare a una visione integrata e unitaria del potenziale combinatorio di un lessem.
Shared Book Reading and Word Learning in Preschool Children

Shared story reading is an effective way to promote the learning of vocabulary for children, however, the basic processes involved in this learning have yet to be clarifi ed. The aim of this study was to investigate the infl uence of social cues on word learning while reading books, and whether the new word-picture relationships presented in the stories sustain subsequent performance by exclusion, given unknown pictures. Two non-commercial illustrated stories, containing two pseudowords each, were read with and without the presentation of social cues for 12 children, 3 years of age, in a repeated measures design. Matching, exclusion and naming probes evaluated the learning of these pseudowords. The performance of the children did not differ in relation to the learning of the pseudowords in both reading conditions (with presentation of social cues and without cues), and all presented performance by exclusion in the planned probes. These results confi rm that the shared reading situation promotes the learning of new relationships between words and pictures, however, do not verify the role of social cues in this process.
Central Bank Liquidity Management and “Unconventional” Monetary Policies

This paper presents a small open economy model to analyze the role of central bank liquidity management in implementing "unconventional" monetary policies within an inflation targeting framework. In particular, the paper explicitly models the facilities that the central bank uses to manage liquidity in the economy, which creates a role for the central bank balance sheet in equilibrium. This permits the analysis of two "unconventional" policies: sterilized exchange-rate interventions and expanding the list of eligible collaterals accepted at the liquidity facilities operated by the central bank. These policies have been recently implemented by several central banks: the former as a way to counteract persistent appreciations in the domestic currency, and the latter as a response to the recent global financial crisis in 2008. As a case study, the paper provides a detailed account of the Chilean experience with these alternative tools, as well as a quantitative evaluation of the effects of some of these policies.
Financing Decisions of REITs and the Switching Effect

Real estate investment trusts (REITs) frequently collect new financial resources by issuing new shares and bonds or requesting for new loans to finance their investment policy. Due to the low transparency of the market, the success and the cost of financing are significantly affected by the reputation and the guarantee offered by the syndicated consortium. International evidence suggests that the decision to change syndicated banks could impact the success of raising new capital for industrial and financial firms, but there is no concrete evidence which suggests that this is the case in the real estate industry. The paper considers a representative sample of US REITs to examine the frequency of switching decisions in the industry and their relationship with leverage policy. The empirical analysis demonstrates a greater likelihood of creating a new financing consortium when a REIT is poorly performing and the average interest rate is increasing. Moreover, the switching strategy is more frequently adopted when the REIT is planning to increase leverage and the current level of leverage is still far from the target value. Results obtained are robust with respect to the new consortium definition and the initial public offering (IPO) effect.
Trends in the numbers of Coot Fulica atra and wildfowl Anatidae wintering in France, and their relationship with hunting activity at wetland sites

Monitoring numbers of wintering wildfowl Anatidae and Coot Fulica atra is an important tool for their management and conservation. Twenty species of wildfowl and Coot have been counted monthly from December–February over 21 winters (1987–2008) at 88 French wetlands of national and international importance for these birds, covering 597 different count sites. Trends in average winter numbers were positive for 15 species, stable for Smew Mergus albellus, and indicated a decline in numbers for the five remaining species. Models assessing trends over time and also the effect of hunting status at the different sites (with sites grouped according to whether the area was hunted, partly hunted, or protected), found that bird numbers varied between sites of different status for all species except Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina. The immediacy with which hunting status affected local trends was less clear. There was no significant interaction between trends in numbers and the hunting status of the count sites for 10 of the 20 Anatidae species, including four of six species protected from hunting. For two protected species, trends were more favourable at fully hunted than at fully protected sites. Ten of the 14 quarry species did not show more favourable trends in protected than in hunted sites. Hunting activity at sites therefore does not, in itself, seem sufficient to explain differences in local trends in waterbird numbers.
Do we measure what we expect to measure? Some issues in the measurement of culture in consumer research

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight the problems in the measurement of culture in consumer studies and offers suggestions for remedies. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on literature from related fields, the paper discusses some general issues in the measurement of culture and draws consumer researchers’ attention to the flaws in the common cultural measures in consumer research. Implications for future research are also provided. Findings – The paper highlights two main shortcomings of commonly used culture instruments which are seldom taken into account by consumer researchers. Specifically, the commonly used culture dimensions in consumer studies do not have clear conceptual boundaries. Moreover, important differences between the different approaches to culture measuring (self- vs group-referenced and values vs practices) are always overlooked. The paper suggests that consumer research needs more focussed and refined measures and discusses which approach is better in which context.
Global 5 km resolution estimates of secondary evaporation including irrigation through satellite data assimilation

Abstract. A portion of globally generated surface and groundwater resources evaporates from wetlands, waterbodies and irrigated areas. This secondary evaporation of “blue” water directly affects the remaining water resources available for ecosystems and human use. At the global scale, a lack of detailed water balance studies and direct observations limits our understanding of the magnitude and spatial and temporal distribution of secondary evaporation. Here, we propose a methodology to assimilate satellite-derived information into the landscape hydrological model W3 at an unprecedented 0.05∘, or ca. 5 km resolution globally. The assimilated data are all derived from MODIS observations, including surface water extent, surface albedo, vegetation cover, leaf area index, canopy conductance and land surface temperature (LST). The information from these products is imparted on the model in a simple but efficient manner, through a combination of direct insertion of the surface water extent, an evaporation flux adjustment based on LST and parameter nudging for the other observations. The resulting water balance estimates were evaluated against river basin discharge records and the water balance of closed basins and demonstrably improved water balance estimates compared to ignoring secondary evaporation (e.g., bias improved from +38 to +2 mm yr−1). The evaporation estimates derived from assimilation were combined with global mapping of irrigation crops to derive a minimum estimate of irrigation water requirements (I0), representative of optimal irrigation efficiency. Our I0 estimates were lower than published country-level estimates of irrigation water use produced by alternative estimation methods, for reasons that are discussed. We estimate that 16 % of globally generated water resources evaporate before reaching the oceans, enhancing total terrestrial evaporation by 6.1×1012 m3 yr−1 or 8.8 %. Of this volume, 5 % is evaporated from irrigation areas, 58 % from terrestrial waterbodies and 37 % from other surfaces. Model-data assimilation at even higher spatial resolutions can achieve a further reduction in uncertainty but will require more accurate and detailed mapping of surface water dynamics and areas equipped for irrigation.