Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Torque Improvement of Five-Phase Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Machine Using Third-Order Harmonic

This paper presents optimal third harmonics in both permanent magnet (PM) shaping and current waveform to improve the output torque of five-phase surface-mounted PM (SPM) machines. The optimal value of third harmonic injected into the sinusoidal PM shape and current waveform for maximum torque improvement is analytically derived and validated by both finite element (FE) analyses and experiments. It is found that the optimal third harmonic is 1/6 of the fundamental one for both PM shape and current waveform. For the five-phase SPM machines having rotors without shaping, Sine shaping, or Sine shaping with third harmonic injected, the electromagnetic performance including the back EMF waveform, cogging torque, average torque, torque ripple, copper loss, iron loss, impact on power inverter, and demagnetization withstand capability are compared. It is demonstrated that, although the copper loss and iron loss increase due to additional third harmonic in the winding current and magnet shape, the average torque with optimal third harmonics injected in PM shaping and current waveform can be improved by >30% while the torque ripple and remains similar to that of the one with Sine shaping. In addition, this will reduce the dc bus voltage while maintaining the machine torque density. Furthermore, the machine with Sine and Sine+3rd rotors presents much better demagnetization withstand capability performance than conventional rotor.
Phase Measurement of Optical Fiber via Weak-Value Amplification

A precision phase detection scheme employing a weak-value amplification (WVA) technique is proposed and demonstrated. With a minimum detectable phase change of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim \! 10^{-5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> rad, the present system rivals similar free-space schemes using bulk optical components only. The new setup is tested in a simple hydro-pressure detection experiment, with a short segment of fiber under water, showing a remarkable responsivity to small pressure changes.
Genetic code of electrical operational procedures: Lock-out systems, simulators and training

In electrical installations each working zone and each sources node present a kit of operating instructions as a logic gene. Previous papers have introduced a new approach and a language of a closed logic code for operational procedures. This paper deals with some comments on definitions and the syntax of the operational language. A same status of switching defines working zones or nodes by double operating value, free value and packed value thereby discriminating between decision and execution, and executed act from verification. The recommended command is a double click. The instructions have to be assembled like in a genetic cryptogram in the context of an electrical power system and of its architecture and constitution. They describe the complete and reversible evolution of the operational procedures for safe transition from a one set of switching configuration to another (waves of safe sets). Transitions maps are introduced to assist in the elaboration of operational procedures and to help the training of operators. These maps are specialist for the operational procedures more than the Karnaugh maps of digital electronic. On the basis of the logic gates the basic equivalent mechanical connectives are defined to guide the operational procedures. A switching simulator based on electronic gates can be very useful for verifying the effects of any set of switching operations, adopting for commands the double click.
The UCSC Genome Browser Database: update 2006

The University of California Santa Cruz Genome Browser Database (GBD) contains sequence and annotation data for the genomes of about a dozen vertebrate species and several major model organisms. Genome annotations typically include assembly data, sequence composition, genes and gene predictions, mRNA and expressed sequence tag evidence, comparative genomics, regulation, expression and variation data. The database is optimized to support fast interactive performance with web tools that provide powerful visualization and querying capabilities for mining the data. The Genome Browser displays a wide variety of annotations at all scales from single nucleotide level up to a full chromosome. The Table Browser provides direct access to the database tables and sequence data, enabling complex queries on genome-wide datasets. The Proteome Browser graphically displays protein properties. The Gene Sorter allows filtering and comparison of genes by several metrics including expression data and several gene properties. BLAT and In Silico PCR search for sequences in entire genomes in seconds. These tools are highly integrated and provide many hyperlinks to other databases and websites. The GBD, browsing tools, downloadable data files and links to documentation and other information can be found at .
Accurate and robust time reconstruction for deployed sensor networks

The notion of global time is of great importance for many sensor network applications. To achieve microsecond accuracy, MAC-level timestamping is required for recording packet transmission and reception times. The MAC-level timestamps, however, are known to be error-prone, especially with low power listening techniques. In this paper, we propose ART, an accurate and robust time reconstruction approach to detecting invalid timestamps and recovering the needed information. We evaluate our approach in both testbed and a real-world deployment. Results show ART is accurate and robust for deployed sensor networks.
Operational Analysis and Modulation Control of Three-Level Z-Source Inverters With Enhanced Output Waveform Quality

Three-level Z-source inverters are recent single-stage topological solutions proposed for buck-boost energy conversion with all favorable advantages of three-level switching retained. Despite their proven buck-boost capability, existing three-level Z-source inverters are either too costly with numerous passive LC elements needed or poor in spectral quality if the ldquoreduced element countrdquo (REC) variant is used. Instead of being constrained by the tradeoff, this paper proposes an alternative three-level Z-source topological and control combination that can produce optimal output waveform quality while using lesser passive LC elements. Through detailed operational analysis, new operating modes of the REC Z-source inverters are identified, which when inserted appropriately to the inverter state sequence will always produce the desired voltage transfer gain with minimized commutation count and optimized three-level switching. For conceptual verification, an optimally controlled laboratory prototype was constructed and tested with a set of results captured and presented in a later section of the paper.
Risk Assessment of Flood Disaster Induced by Typhoon Rainstorms in Guangdong Province, China

China’s coastal areas suffer from typhoon attacks every year. Rainstorms induced by typhoons characteristically are high intensity with a large amount of rain and usually induce floods and waterlogging in the affected area. Guangdong province has the highest frequency of typhoon hits in China. It has a special geographical position as well as unique climatic features, but the typhoon flood disaster risk has not been fully assessed in this area. This article attempts to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive risk assessment for the area. By combining the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and multi-factor analysis through geographic information system (GIS) and the comprehensive weighted evaluation, the typhoon flood disaster risk is evaluated from four different aspects with seventeen indicators. A comprehensive study of the typhoon flood disaster risk is carried out, and the risk maps with a resolution of 1 km2 have been made. There is a good coherence between the typhoon flood risk map and historical records of typhoon floods in Guangdong province. The results indicate that the comprehensive typhoon flood disaster risk in the coastal regions of Guangdong province is obviously higher than in the Northern mountainous areas. Chaoshan plain and Zhanjiang city have the highest risk of typhoon flood disaster. Shaoguan and Qingyuan cities, which are in the Northern mountainous areas, have the lowest risk. The spatial distribution of typhoon flood disaster risks shows that it has certain regulations along the coast and rivers, but it may be affected by economic and human activities. This article is significant for environmental planning and disaster management strategies of the study area as well as in similar climatic regions in other parts of the world.
Functional first order definability of LRTP

The language LRTp is a non-deterministic language for exact real number computation. It has been shown that all computable firrst order relations in the sense of Brattka are de nable in the language. If we restrict the language to single-valued total relations (e.g. functions), all polynomials are de nable in the language. This paper is an expanded version of [12] in which we show that the non-deterministic version of the limit operator, which allows to define all computable first order relations, when restricted to single-valued total inputs, produces single-valued total outputs. This implies that not only the polynomials are definable in the language but also all computable first order functions.
Performance of unmanned aircrafts in the event of loss-of-control

Loss of control is a severe and immediate consequence of faults in an unmanned aircraft system during flight. Without recovery, detection of admissible landing spots is necessary to avoid causalities. This case study considers exemplary the MAKO unmanned aircraft and discusses viable trim conditions for a drone system after faults of propulsion and elevator using continuation analysis. Furthermore, simple estimates of reachable zones for controlled flight into terrain are provided.
Engineering Multi-Level Overlay Graphs for Shortest-Path Queries

An overlay graph of a given graph G = (V, E) on a subset S ⊆ V is a graph with vertex set S that preserves some property of G. In particular, we consider variations of the multi-level overlay graph used in [21] to speed up shortest-path computations. In this work, we follow up and present general vertex selection criteria and strategies of applying these criteria to determine a subset S inducing an overlay graph. The main contribution is a systematic experimental study where we investigate the impact of selection criteria and strategies on multi-level overlay graphs and the resulting speed-up achieved for shortest-path queries. Depending on selection strategy and graph type, a centrality index criterion, a criterion based on planar separators, and vertex degree turned out to be good selection criteria.
Massive MIMO: Pilot Design, Power Allocation, and Distributed Deployment

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is widely acknowledged as the key enabling technology for the next-generation mobile communication networks. Pilot contamination (PC) is one of the key performance limiting factors for realizing the full potential offered by massive MIMO. This thesis investigates various aspects of PC in massive MIMO. First, we present methods to mitigate PC through pilot sequence design and location-aware pilot allocation. Second, we examine the impact of PC attack on the performance of massive MIMO. Third, we investigate practical aspects of massive MIMO deployment in wireless networks through distributed antenna arrays (DAAs). In the first part of the thesis, we present two methods to mitigate PC. The first method, i.e., the pilot sequence design method, generates pilot sequences and devises power allocation at base stations (BSs) for downlink transmission. The pilot sequences and the proposed power allocation ensure that the predefined signal-tointerference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) requirements of all users are met. We derive new closed-form expressions for the user capacity and the user capacity region. Built upon these expressions, we develop an algorithm to obtain the required pilot sequences and power allocation. The second method, i.e., the location-aware pilot allocation method, exploits the behavior of line-of-sight (LOS) interference among the users and allocates the same pilot sequence to the users with small LOS interference. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms the existing methods. In the second part of the thesis, we present an active attack strategy in massive MIMO, where correlated pilots are used. The use of correlated pilots in massive MIMO has some intrinsic limitations, which can be exploited by an attacker to
Fluoreszenzfluktuationsmikroskopie : Entwicklung eines Prototyps, Theorie und Messung der Beweglichkeit von Biomolekülen im Zellkern

Die Theorie der Fluoreszenzkorrelationsspektroskopie (FCS) wird fur Anwendungen in lebenden Zellen erweitert. Zellen enthalten statistisch organisierte Polymere, Membransysteme und geschlossene Kompartimente, die zu behinderter oder anomaler Diffusion fuhren. Es wird gezeigt, wie der Einfluss von Bindung an zellulare Strukturen in FCS-Messungen berucksichtigt werden kann. Desweiteren wird ein Aufbau zur kombinierten FCS und konfokalen Laserscanningmikroskopie (CLSM) vorgestellt, das Fluoreszenzfluktuationsmikroskop (FFM). Es wird im Hinblick auf Auflosungsvermogen und Abbildungseigenschaften charakterisiert. Anschliesende FCS-Messungen von EGFP und einer EGFP-Chimare in Zellen zeigen behinderte Diffusion vor allem im Kern mit einer im Vergleich zu Wasser etwa 4fach hoheren intrazellularen Viskositat. Aus weiteren Experimenten mit angefarbtem Chromatin und Testmolekulen verschiedener Grose folgt, dass der Einfluss des Chromatins auf die Diffusion von der Teilchengrose abhangt. Auch die Beweglichkeit funktioneller Proteine wird anhand des Transkriptionsterminationsfaktors TTF-I untersucht. Er ist im Nukleolus gebunden und im Rest des Kerns beweglich. Die Lebensdauer des gebundenen Zustands betragt ca. 27 s.
Efficiency Evaluation of a Three-Stage Leader-Follower Model by the Data Envelopment Analysis with Double-Frontier Viewpoint

In this paper, a three-stage network with optimal desirable and undesirable inputs and outputs has been taken into consideration by us. This network comprises of a leader and two followers. Four diverse models of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure the efficiency or the performance, of this three-stage network have been taken under contemplation; these are namely, a Black Box Model and three Stackelberg Game (Theory) Models. A multiplicative DEA, with a double-frontier approach, to measure the efficiency of the entire system and the performances of the decision making units (DMUs), from both the optimistic and pessimistic views have been utilized. In this paper attempts have been made to present the goals of the managers in the models. Hence, aspects of goal programming have been manipulated so as to define cooperation between the leader and followers, such that, we are able to include the objectives of the managers in the models. In actual fact, a non-cooperative collaboration is deliberated upon. In addition to which, in the second and third scenarios, the leader-follower, nonlinear models are present. Thereby, a heuristic approach is suggested to convert the nonlinear models into linear ones.
The relationship between Malaysian public-listed firms’ corporate governance and their capital structure

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between corporate governance practices and capital structure of public-listed companies in Malaysia. Using the annual reports of 273 Malaysian public-listed firms on the Bursa Malaysia between 2008 and 2012, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted. Corporate governance was measured by variables including board size, CEO duality, ownership structure, and board meeting. Capital structure was measured through four variables: debt-to-equity ratio, long-term debts, short-term debts, and debt ratio. The findings indicated that corporate governance practices have a positive influence on the debt-equity ratio, long-term debt, short-term debt and a debt ratio of capital structure. However, corporate governance practices’ influence on the debt ratio is found statistically insignificant. The findings also indicate that firm size moderates the relationship between corporate governance variables and capital structure. Empirically, these findings are useful for measuring and understanding financing decisions taken by the Malaysian public listed firms. It also offers insights to policymakers interested in enhancing the role of corporate governance in formulating management strategies.
A New Tool for the Assessment of the Development of Students’ Mathematical Competencies

We look at the assessment of mathematical competencies of undergraduate biology students. Mathematical modelling tasks with biological content were introduced to engage students more actively into learning mathematics. Profiles for individual learners were created using five basic families of mathematical competencies. Sixteen mathematical competencies in five families were coded in transcripts of video recordings and students’ writings in a reliable unambiguous manner; competencies frequency and intensity were recorded. These data were analysed with a new assessment tool suggested by the authors to monitor students’ competencies development. The construct: mathematical competence In broad sense, competence is a theoretical construct defined as a “complex ability (.) that (.) [is] closely related to performance in real-life situations” (Hartig, Klieme & Leutner, 2008). Seven facets of competence and its assessment are identified: complexity, performance, standardization, fidelity, level, improvement, and disposition (Shavelson, 2013). Competence cannot be observed directly, but can be inferred from individual’s performance on sample tasks; it can be improved through learning and deteriorates through forgetting (Shavelson, 2013). Remarkably, “competence is not the same as academic knowledge and (.) academic competence is not the same as professional competence” (Oser, 2013). We discuss only cognitive (knowledge and skills) component of competence; metacognitive and non-cognitive components are out of the scope of this paper. Mathematical competence means “the ability to understand, judge, do, and use mathematics in a variety of intraand extra-mathematical contexts and situations in which mathematics plays or could play a role. (.) A mathematical competency is a clearly recognizable and distinct, major constituent of mathematical competence” (Niss, 2003). Three mathematical competencies frameworks are often used in the research literature: “Principles and standards for school mathematics” (NCTM, 2000), Danish KOM-project (Niss, 2003), and Mathematical Competencies: A Research Framework (MCFR) (Lithner et al., 2010). One more framework focuses on mathematical giftedness and uses nine component mathematical abilities whose combination can lead to high achievement in mathematics (Krutetskii, 1976). Research Setting and Data Collection This research is aimed at increasing biology students’ motivation for mathematics using mathematical modelling activities. The first author prepared teaching materials and conducted teaching once a week during one semester complementing regular lectures and seminars in a standard mathematics course MAT101 for the first year students in natural sciences. The topics discussed in the complementary sessions: periodic functions (2
In-liquid sensing of chemical compounds by QCM sensors coupled with high-accuracy ACC oscillator

A novel oscillator circuit with automatic capacitance compensation (ACC) capability has been coupled with QCM sensors coated with quinoxaline and pyrazine bridged cavitands to detected aromatic and chlorinated compounds in water. With double-side immersed 10-MHz crystals coated with the quinoxaline cavitand, the detection of toluene in deionized water was possible down to concentrations of few parts per million. The ACC oscillator advantageously provides the simultaneous measurement of the sensor resonant frequency, damping, and value of the compensated parallel capacitance. This enabled to observe that the analyte sorption in the cavitand coating not only brings about a mass uptake, but also an increase of losses, and, apparently, a rise in the coating average permittivity.
Determining effectiveness of passive gravity assisted traction (PGAT) device in management of low back pain

ObjectivesAnecdotal evidence supports stretching exercises to minimize symptoms of low back pain and improve function. This study aimed to assess whether a passive gravity assisted traction (PGAT) device can reduce LBP through stretching techniques.MethodsSixty-seven participants with mechanical LBP were randomly assigned to a control or intervention group for 4 weeks, the intervention group receiving standardized advice and PGAT device. The control group received standardized advice. Questionnaire assessment included Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROMs), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI). ResultsStatistically significant score reduction in RMDQ (p=0.01) occurred within the intervention group and PROMs (p=0.01) when comparing intervention to control. No significant differences (p=0.06) within the control group were detected. Within the intervention group significant reductions in ‘average’ pain over the previous 24 hours, 7 days and ‘worst’ pain scores over previous 7 days (p<0.05). Significant decreases in ‘average’ and ‘worst’ pain (p=0.01) when comparing intervention to control group when rating an activity that participants found difficult to do, due to low back pain.ConclusionsImprovements in low back pain demonstrated within the intervention group and comparing intervention to control group. Further research should consider assessing subgroups of posture types to compare response between groups. The use of PGAT devises such as LumbaCurve™ may be useful in the management of back pain.
Citizen Journalism Practice: Contributor as Spy Agent

Citizen journalism has become the main term that refers to the various news-gathering and reporting practices conducted through various new digital technologies. One of the problems is in the era of the information society, the accuracy of news or information becomes a serious matter. The term hoax or information that contains the element of lie becomes a term that often happens almost every day. This study aims to determine how citizen journalism practices from media actors manage media PasangMata and Kompasiana, including the exploring of how theories of building citizen journalism in terms of understanding the relationship between the editor and the contributors. The paradigm of this research is interpretive, with a qualitative approach using case study method. The study emphasizes the variety of empirical experiences of the informants who are directly involved. The results of this study showed that the editor always verify data from the contributors as spy agents before the news published. The media platform is available in the form of a website and mobile application, in which the contributor submits an automatic news entry on the two platforms. Active contributors will earn points when text, photos, and videos are published. The implication of learning about the dynamics of media in the era of online media and digital media applications are the media to become a medium for audience learning and to accommodate the public interest. The audience in addition to being a news contributor is also an event spy agency.