Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ion cyclotron emission measurements during JET deuterium-tritium experiments

In the course of the Preliminary Tritium Experiment in JET, where combined deuterium and tritium neutral beam injection generated a DT fusion power of 1.7 MW, ion cyclotron emission (ICE) was measured in the frequency range v ⩽ 180 MHz. The ICE spectra contain superthermal, narrow, equally spaced emission lines, which correspond to successive cyclotron harmonics of deuterons or alpha particles at the outer midplane, close to tile last closed flux surface at major radius R approximately 4.0 m. Above about 100 MHz the lines merge into a relatively intense continuum. The ICE signal fluctuates rapidly in time, and is extinguished whenever a large amplitude edge localized mode (ELM) occurs. In pure deuterium and mixed DT discharges ICE spectra are similar in form, but on changing from pure D to mixed D+T neutral beam injection at constant power, the intensity of the ICE rises in proportion to the increased neutron flux: this indicates that fusion alpha particles-and not beam ions-provide the free energy to generate ICE. The JET ICE database, which now extends over a range of six decades in signal intensity, shows that the time averaged ICE power increases almost linearly with total neutron flux. The rise and fall of the neutron flux during a single discharge is closely followed by that of the ICE signal, which is delayed by a time of the order of the fusion product slowing down time. This feature is well modelled by a TRANSP code simulation of the density of deeply trapped fusion products reaching the plasma edge. Calculations reveal a class of fusion products, born in the core, which make orbital excursions of sufficient size to reach the outer midplane edge. There, the velocity distribution has a ring structure, which is found to be linearly unstable to relaxation to obliquely propagating waves on the fast Alfven-ion Bernstein branch at all ion cyclotron harmonics. The paper shows how ICE provides a unique diagnostic for fusion alpha particles
Detection of synchronization for non-phase-coherent and non-stationary data

We present a new method to detect phase as well as generalized synchronization in a wide class of complex systems. It is based on the recurrences of the system's trajectory to the neighborhood of a former state in phase space. We illustrate the applicability of the algorithm for the paradigmatic chaotic Rössler system in the funnel regime and for noisy data, where other methods to detect phase synchronization fail. Furthermore, we demonstrate for electrochemical experiments that the method can easily detect phase and generalized synchronization in non-phase-coherent and even non-stationary time series.
Review of simulation models in military workforce planning and management context

Simulation models provide useful tools to support decision-making in military workforce planning and management context. This paper presents a literature review of the applications of three most common simulation-based modeling methods in the field of military workforce planning and management: system dynamics, agent-based modeling, and discrete-event simulation. The review consolidates the current state of using these methods in the subject area and also provides a reader with a structured approach to navigation through the subject domain. Findings from this literature review shed light on the research gaps, and potential directions for future research. We present common themes and insights from the review, along with our recommendations for future research. These recommendations are consistent with rigorous research principles and good modeling practices.
Compact homogeneity of Uryson's universal metric space

In 1998 the 100th anniversary of the birth of P. S. Uryson was celebrated. This stimulated interest in his original papers. In one of his last papers Uryson constructed and studied the universal metric space (U,ρ). A. M. Vershik has observed: “This paper has not been widely noticed, although it deserves to be. ” Uryson showed that there exists a complete separable metric space U that has the properties :
An Organizational Capability Framework for Earthquake Recovery

Engineering and construction capability affects the cost and pace of post-disaster recovery. An organizational capability framework for effective earthquake recovery was developed after studying longitudinally 15 engineering and construction organizations following the 2010/11 earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand. The longitudinal case studies, conducted from 2012 to 2015, revealed insights regarding the multitude of decisions that affected demands for engineering and construction post-earthquake, and thus the capability of organizations to meet demands. The framework presents five major challenges faced by organizations operating in an earthquake recovery environment and three core organizational capabilities required to address these challenges: disaster recovery know-how, organizational adaptive capacity to meet changing demands, and collective support among organizations. The findings offer real experience to help engineering and construction industries anticipate capability challenges and prepare for them as a business, as a sector, and as a partner with government agencies in a disaster management context.
An improved virtual edge approach to slicing of point cloud for additive manufacturing

ABSTRACTAt present, the dense and accurate point cloud has been able to be easily acquired via various 3D measurement devices. In this situation, additive manufacturing (AM) based directly on the point cloud has been paid more attention than before. For direct slicing of the point cloud, an improved virtual edge (VE) approach is proposed. In the method, the process of constructing VEs is first discussed briefly, and then a simple algorithm of sorting contour points is given to process the scattered intersections of the VEs and the slicing plane. Subsequently, the additional points are inserted between the sparse contour points and then the contour points are adjusted onto the underlying nominal surface, thereby forming the final layered contours. Since the proposed method does not involve any nonlinear optimization, it is mathematically robust and has the ability of recognizing and processing correctly the multi-contours on a slicing plane. Finally, several examples are given to validate this method.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of port wine stain vascular anatomy from serial histological sections

Port wine stains (PWSs) treated with a flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser show a variability in clinical response that is incompletely understood. To identify any vascular structure that might adversely affect treatment response, we obtained a three-dimensional reconstruction of the vascular anatomy of a non-responsive, light-purple superficial PWS on the forearm. The reconstructed PWS consisted of multiple clusters of small diameter blood vessels. We propose that this and similar structures, which have not been identified in the literature, have limited the efficacy of laser therapy. Further study is required to clarify the role of vessel clusters for laser treatment of PWSs, and the corresponding dosimetry necessary to clear non-responsive lesions. We expect that three-dimensional reconstruction of PWS vascular anatomy will provide the basis for (i) accurate PWS classification, (ii) guidance for selection of more effective laser dosimetry, and (iii) a standard against which to assess non-invasive diagnostic imaging techniques.
LISA: laser interferometer space antenna for gravitational wave measurements

LISA (laser interferometer space antenna) is designed to observe gravitational waves from violent events in the Universe in a frequency range from to which is totally inaccessible to ground-based experiments. It uses highly stabilized laser light (Nd:YAG, ) in a Michelson-type interferometer arrangement. A cluster of six spacecraft with two at each vertex of an equilateral triangle is placed in an Earth-like orbit at a distance of 1 AU from the Sun, and behind the Earth. Three subsets of four adjacent spacecraft each form an interferometer comprising a central station, consisting of two relatively adjacent spacecraft (200 km apart), and two spacecraft placed at a distance of from the centre to form arms which make an angle of with each other. Each spacecraft is equipped with a laser. A descoped LISA with only four spacecraft has undergone an ESA assessment study in the M3 cycle and the full six-spacecraft LISA mission has now been selected as a cornerstone mission in the ESA Horizon 2000-plus programme.
Organizational Diagnosis: Six Places To Look for Trouble with or Without a Theory

This article presents a practice theory for diagnosing organizations -that is, a combination of many ideas in a relatively simple framework that can be applied in various settings. It brings together organization/environ ment, sociotechnical, and formal/informal systems concepts, and pro poses six broad categories for looking at an organization: purposes; struc ture ; relationships; rewards; leadership; and helpful mechanisms. The author illustrates how these six factors influence each other and provides clues about what to diagnose in each category, considering the infinite number of possibilities. He also suggests that what are called "process" issues show up as blocked work that can be freed by understanding and intervening in one or more of the six boxes.
Correction for scatter in 3D brain PET using a dual energy window method

A method for scatter correction using dual energy window acquisition has been developed and implemented on data collected with a brain-PET tomograph operated in the septa retracted, 3D mode. Coincidence events are assigned to (i) an upper energy window where both photons deposit energy between 380 keV and 850 keV or (ii) a lower energy window where one or both photons deposit within 200 keV and 380 keV. Scaling parameters are derived from measurements of the ratios of counts from line sources due to scattered and unscattered events in the two energy windows in head-sized phantoms. A scaled subtraction of the two energy windows produces a distribution of scatter which is smoothed prior to subtraction from the upper energy window. In phantoms, the correction was found to restore the uniformity, contrast and linearity of activity concentration. Relative activity concentrations were restored to within 7% of their true values in a multicompartment phantom. The method was found to provide accurate correction for scattered events arising from activity outside the direct detector field of view. In a three-compartment phantom containing water, and scanned in dynamic, multiframe mode, the half-lives of the two isotopes were restored to within 2% of their true value.
Nonlinear two-dimensional vibrational spectroscopy of peptides

In this overview, we discuss theoretical and experimental aspects of nonlinear two-dimensional infrared (2D-IR) spectroscopy. With this technique both peptide conformation and conformational flexibility can be probed. The quantitative relation between the experimental 2D-IR spectrum and the peptide conformation is discussed, and examples of how the conformation of a peptide and the timescale of its fluctuations are derived from its (time-resolved) 2D spectrum are presented.
Magnetic structure in iron borates RFe3(BO3)4(R = Y,Ho): a neutron diffraction and magnetization study

Neutron diffraction, susceptibility and magnetization measurements were performed on iron borates RFe3(BO3)4 (R = Y, Ho) to investigate the low temperature magnetic structures and to clarify the role of the rare earth in the formation of the long-range magnetic order. Both compounds see an identical magnetic propagation vector τ = [0,0,1/2] within the P3121 crystallographic space group appear at Néel temperatures of TN = 37 K for the Y and TN = 38 K for the Ho compound. The strong polarization effect of the Fe sublattice on the Ho3+ ions leads to the simultaneous ordering of both sublattices while the competition between their anisotropies governs the spin-reorientation process at TSR = 5 K. The results obtained are discussed in the framework of the determined structural details and the specific rare-earth ions present including information on compounds investigated earlier.
Mechanical and optical methods for breast cancer imaging

It has been recognized that mechanical and optical properties of tissues can be the indicators to identify and characterize breast tumors. The objective of this study is to develop new mechanical and optical modalities for qualification of the elastic and optical properties of normal and cancerous breast tissues. First, a mammography-based elastography (called elasto-mammography) is proposed to generate the elastogram of breast tissues based on conventional X-ray mammography. The displacement information is extracted from mammography projections before and after breast compression. With the incorporation of the displacement measurements, an elastography reconstruction algorithm is specially developed to estimate the elastic moduli of heterogeneous breast tissues. Case studies with numerical breast phantoms are conducted to demonstrate the capability of the proposed elasto-mammogrpahy. It is shown that the proposed methodology is stable and robust for characterization of the elastic moduli of breast tissues from the projective displacement measurement. Second, a nonlinear elastogrpahy is proposed to extend breast material model to nonlinear cases. A three-dimensional (3D) model is developed for heterogeneous breast tissues extracting from real images including fatty tissue, glandular tissue, and tumors. An exponential-form of nonlinear material model is applied. Based on the finitedeformation constitutive law, discretized nonlinear equations are solved for displacement, strain, and stress fields in breast tissues with given tumors under external compression at breast boundaries. We develop a 3D inverse-problem algorithm to reconstruct the material parameters for nonlinear elastic constitutive relation of breast phantoms with tumors. For the first time, a nonlinear adjoint gradient method is introduced to improve the numerical efficiency and enhance the stability of elastogrpahy reconstruction.
Coefficient identification in some partial differential equations from partial boundary measurements

We consider the problem of finding a finite number of controls such that the overposed data uniquely determine the coefficient q(x) in the parabolic equation subject to homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. Where the sources form a complete set in and is an arbitrary small region of the boundary assumed to be controlled by a positive function .
Measuring the flexural rigidity in non-uniform beams using an inverse problem approach

The deflection of a slender beam due to the action of lateral forces can be computed, given the beam’s flexural rigidity, by solving the Euler–Bernoulli differential equation. Since this problem can be alternatively formulated as a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind, the related inverse problem, namely the identification of the (distributed) flexural rigidity from deflection measurements is ill-posed. In this paper, we investigate methods for identifying the flexural rigidity of a non-uniform Euler–Bernoulli beam from noisy deflection measurements taken at a number M of locations along the beam axis. While such identification problems arise in all fields of mechanics, our analysis was driven by the application of the bending test in the field of micromechanics where the accurate measurement of material properties in micrometre-sized specimens as well as flaw-identification by non-destructive methods are of great importance. It is shown that the ill-posedness of the associated algebraic system of equations (obtained by an appropriate discretization of the continuous problem) can be effectively controlled using both first- and second-order Tikhonov regularization. Further, we compare three known methods (the global cross-validation, the quasi-optimality and the L-curve criteria) for choosing an appropriate regularization parameter in the case where no information is available other than the deflection measurements. Finally, error propagation estimates are given. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the potentials and limitations of regularization methods as applied to the specific identification problem related to the beam bending test.
Body expression recognition from animated 3D skeleton

We present a novel and generic framework for the recognition of body expressions using human postures. Motivated by the state of the art from the domain of psychology, our approach recognizes expression by analyzing sequence of pose. Features proposed in this article are computationally simple and intuitive to understand. They are based on visual cues and provide in-depth understanding of body postures required to recognize body expressions. We have evaluated our approach on different databases with heterogeneous movements and body expressions. Our recognition results exceeds state of the art for some database and for others we obtain results at par with state of the art.
Theoretical evaluation of asynchronous ac dielectric nanomotors

A design for an electric nanomotor driven by ac electric fields is presented and evaluated. The motor induces torque by means of a rotating electric field, which induces a dipole in the rotor; the interactions between field and dipole are responsible for both the generation of torque and the repulsion of the rotor, which stabilizes its position without contact and removes the need for bearings. The applied electric field is generated by square-wave pulses, allowing the direct computer control of the device without any digital-to-analogue requirement; the amount of torque generated can be controlled precisely by varying the number of clock cycles between digital state changes. The technology is scaleable, and a motor consisting of a rotor 1 µm long and 100 nm diameter is shown to be capable of generating approximately 10-15 N m-1, equivalent to a bacterial flagellar motor.
Hyper: A Routing Protocol To Support Mobile Users of Sensor Networks

Author(s): Thomas Schoellhammer; Ben Greenstein; Deborah Estrin | Abstract: Wireless sensor networks for environmental monitoring promise to be a rich source of ecological, biological, and meteorological data. However, current systems largely return data to a central location for offline analysis, and do not support access by mobile users in the instrumented environment. In many environmental monitoring applications, it is critical to support users in the field so that they can correlate manual observations with the sensor network data, engage in system topology adjustments and calibration tasks, and perform system management. However, it is critical that such mobile users do not interfere with the regular data collection functions of deployed systems. One of the critical systems functions needed to support mobile users of wireless sensor networks is routing. In this paper we iden- tify key mobility usage scenarios and present Hyper, a routing layer that enables efficient and reliable data collection for both static and mobile users.
Quantification of intensity variations in functional MR images using rotated principal components

In functional MRI (fMRI), the changes in cerebral haemodynamics related to stimulated neural brain activity are measured using standard clinical MR equipment. Small intensity variations in fMRI data have to be detected and distinguished from non-neural effects by careful image analysis. Based on multivariate statistics we describe an algorithm involving oblique rotation of the most significant principal components for an estimation of the temporal and spatial distribution of the stimulated neural activity over the whole image matrix. This algorithm takes advantage of strong local signal variations. A mathematical phantom was designed to generate simulated data for the evaluation of the method. In simulation experiments, the potential of the method to quantify small intensity changes, especially when processing data sets containing multiple sources of signal variations, was demonstrated. In vivo fMRI data collected in both visual and motor stimulation experiments were analysed, showing a proper location of the activated cortical regions within well known neural centres and an accurate extraction of the activation time profile. The suggested method yields accurate absolute quantification of in vivo brain activity without the need of extensive prior knowledge and user interaction.
PROJECT OF ROBOTIC CELL FOR HANDLING

Abstract - This article has the purpose of developing an educational robotic cell through the automation by using the Arduino programming, demonstrating from the simplest to the most complex application. We will approach the main routines and their particularities. We will also discuss existing type of robot in today’s world and which applies the best in this project.
Rethinking CTBUH height criteria in the context of tall timber

Recent developments in the design and construction of progressively taller buildings using engineered timber as a structural material raise important questions about the language that is used to describe tall buildings. This paper discusses the role of the CTBUH Height Criteria in classifying tall buildings and the challenges raised by the emergence of engineered timber as a contemporary structural material alongside steel and concrete. The paper concludes by presenting a proposal for updating the existing terminology to accommodate the use of timber and other new materials in the design of tall buildings. This paper will be used as a basis for discussion at the CTBUH Workshop on Tall Timber, held in conjunction with the 2017 Conference, with a view towards the future revision of the CTBUH Criteria to include timber.
Analog-to-digital converter based on RSFQ technology for radio astronomy applications

We are developing an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) based on rapid single-flux quantum technology for radio-astronomic spectroscopy applications where very wide bandwidth is required and relatively small resolution is sufficient. The ADC consists of periodic-flash comparators, a demultiplexer and output drivers; and is sufficiently simple to be implemented on a single chip using a conventional 2–3 μm Nb trilayer technology. A 2-bit ADC has been designed for operation at 16 GHz of the sampling frequency. All the subsystems of the ADC have been fabricated using standard 1.6 kA cm−2 Nb/AlOx/Nb technology and have been successfully tested.
Characterization of laser-ablation plasmas

We discuss the generation of high-density and high-temperature plasmas by focusing high peak power laser radiation onto a solid target. Emphasis will be put on the process of laser ablation and on its basic, physical mechanisms. A survey will be given of the main experimental techniques, namely optical emission and absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, time-of-flight and charge collection measurements, devised to characterize laser-produced plasmas. The fundamental theoretical and numerical approaches developed to analyse laser-target interaction, plasma formation, as well as its expansion will also be reviewed, and their predictions compared with the experimental findings. Although the main emphasis of the review will be on metal target ablation, reference and comparison to results on multicomponent targets will also be frequently given.