Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cell Phone Availability and Usage for mHealth and Intervention Delivery to Persons Living With HIV in a Low-Resource Setting: Cross-sectional Study

Background HIV/AIDS is now a manageable chronic illness owing to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), which involves routine follow-up care, including regular physical visits to the clinic. In the recent past, and in wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been increased need for virtual care and intervention delivery, a modality known as mobile health (mHealth), which includes cell phone–delivered services for medical and public health practice. Objective Here we describe cell phone use and its relationship with alcohol use in a cohort of persons living with HIV and latent tuberculosis (TB). Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a cohort of persons living with HIV and latent TB in HIV care in southwestern Uganda. We estimated proportions of cell phone and text message use and evaluated their associations with alcohol use—a common modifiable behavior among persons living with HIV. Cell phone use (primary outcome) was defined as owning a cell phone that is turned on at least half of the day. Any alcohol use was defined as any self-reported alcohol use in the prior 3 months or a phosphatidylethanol (an alcohol biomarker) level of ≥8 ng/mL. Results A total of 300 participants (median age 40 years; n=146, 48.7% male) were included in the analysis. Most (n=267, 89.0%) participants had access to a phone and of them, 26 (9.7%) shared the phone with someone else. In total, 262/300 (87.3%) of participants owned a cell phone that is turned on at least half of the time; the majority (n=269, 89.7%) rarely or never sent text messages, and over two-thirds (n=200, 66.9%) rarely or never received text messages. Most (n=214, 71.3%) had any alcohol use in the prior 3 months. In adjusted analyses, any alcohol use was not significantly associated with cell phone use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.48, 95% CI 0.18-1.25; P=.13) or sending (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.28-2.37; P=.71) or receiving (aOR 1.31, 95% CI 0.70-2.47; P=.40) text messages. Conclusions There is hope that mHealth interventions in this population can be carried out using cell phones owing to their popularity; however, the interventions may need to employ methods that do not rely on the sending and receiving of text messages only.
TRPM4 gene variation associated with climatic conditions in Chinese cattle

Abstract The transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily has been reported to play an important role in heat tolerance pathways. Based on the Bovine Genome Variation Database and Selective Signatures, a missense mutation (NC_037345.1: c.2237A > G: p. His746Arg) (rs209689836) was identified in the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4 (TRPM4) gene, a member of the TRP family, corresponding to heat tolerance. Here, we explored the prevalence of this variant in 19 native Chinese cattle (comprised of 404 individuals) to determine its possible association with heat tolerance in Chinese cattle by using PCR and DNA sequencing. The distribution of alleles of NC_037345. 1: c.2237A > G: p. His746Arg displays significant geographical differences across native Chinese cattle breeds, consistent with the distribution of indicine and taurine cattle in China. Additionally, the association analysis indicated that the G allele was significantly associated with mean annual temperature (T), relative humidity (RH) and temperature humidity index (THI) (p < .05), suggesting that cattle carrying allele G were distributed in regions with higher T, RH, and THI. In conclusion, our results suggested that the mutation of the TRPM4 gene in Chinese cattle might be a candidate locus associated with heat tolerance.
Successful synthesis of a glial‐specific blood–brain barrier shuttle peptide following a fragment condensation approach on a solid‐phase resin

Successful manual synthesis of the TD2.2 peptide acting as a blood–brain barrier shuttle was achieved. TD2.2 was successfully synthesised by sequential condensation of four protected peptide fragments on solid‐phase settings, after several unsuccessful attempts using the stepwise approach. These fragments were chosen to minimise the number of demanding amino acids (in terms of coupling, Fmoc removal) in each fragment that are expected to hamper the overall synthetic process. Thus, the hydrophobic amino acids as well as Arg(Pbf) were strategically spread over multiple fragments rather than having them congested in one fragment. This study shows how a peptide that shows big challenges in the synthesis using the common stepwise elongation methodology can be synthesised with an acceptable purity. It also emphasises that choosing the right fragment with certain amino acid constituents is key for a successful synthesis. It is worth highlighting that lower amounts of reagents were required to synthesise the final peptide with an identical purity to that obtained by the automatic synthesiser.
Psychosocial Safety Climate and Supportive Leadership as Vital Enhancers of Personal Hope and Resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of supportive leadership and psychosocial safety climate on personal hope and resilience among nurses during the pandemic. Conservation of resource theory was employed to explain the effects of psychosocial safety climate and supportive leadership on nurses' hope and resilience. A cross-sectional design was employed to collect data. 623 nurses across 68 hospitals who were in direct contact with COVID-19 patients during the fifth wave of the pandemic in Iran were recruited. Hierarchical Linear Modelling (HLM) and Structural Equation Modelling using Amos were used to analyze the data. Results revealed that both psychosocial safety climate and supportive leadership improved personal resilience through personal hope. Findings showed that the positive relationship between supportive leadership and personal hope was stronger when the hospital-level psychosocial safety climate was high. To improve personal hope and resilience among nurses during critical times, hospital management must ensure consistent supportive leadership and establish policies, practices and procedures that support nurses' psychosocial health and safety at the hospital level. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Performance Evaluation of Path Planning Techniques for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles : A comparative analysis of A-star algorithm and Mixed Integer Linear Programming

Context: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are being widely being used for various scientific and non-scientific purposes. This increases the need for effective and efficient path planning of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.Two of the most commonly used methods are the A-star algorithm and Mixed Integer Linear Programming.Objectives: Conduct a simulation experiment to determine the performance of A-star algorithm and Mixed Integer Linear Programming for path planning of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in a simulated environment.Further, evaluate A-star algorithm and Mixed Integer LinearProgramming based computational time and computational space to find out the efficiency. Finally, perform a comparative analysis of A star algorithm and Mixed Integer Linear Programming and analyse the results.Methods: To achieve the objectives, both the methods are studied extensively, and test scenarios were generated for simulation ofObjectives: Conduct a simulation experiment to determine the performance of A-star algorithm and Mixed Integer Linear Programming for path planning of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in a simulated environment.Further, evaluate A-star algorithm and Mixed Integer LinearProgramming based computational time and computational space to find out the efficiency. Finally, perform a comparative analysis of A star algorithm and Mixed Integer Linear Programming and analyse the results.Methods: To achieve the objectives, both the methods are studied extensively, and test scenarios were generated for simulation ofMethods: To achieve the objectives, both the methods are studied extensively, and test scenarios were generated for simulation of these methods. These methods are then implemented on these test scenarios and the computational times for both the scenarios were observed.A hypothesis is proposed to analyse the results. A performance evaluation of these methods is done and they are compared for a better performance in the generated environment.Results: It is observed that the efficiency of A-star algorithm andMILP algorithm when no obstacles are considered is 3.005 and 12.03functions per second and when obstacles are encountered is 1.56 and10.59 functions per seconds. The results are statistically tested using hypothesis testing resulting in the inference that there is a significant difference between the computation time of A-star algorithm andMILP. Performance evaluation is done, using these results and the efficiency of algorithms in the generated environment is obtained.Conclusions: The experimental results are analysed, and theConclusions: The experimental results are analysed, and the efficiencies of A-star algorithm and Mixed Integer Linear Programming for a particular environment is measured. The performance analysis of the algorithm provides us with a clear view as to which algorithm is better when used in a real-time scenario. It is observed that Mixed IntegerLinear Programming is significantly better than A-star algorithm.
Assessing the export trade risk of bluetongue virus serotypes 4 and 8 in France

Bluetongue (BT) causes an economic loss of $3 billion every year in the world. After two serious occurrences of BT (bluetongue virus [BTV] occurrence in 2006 and 2015), France has been controlling for decades, but it has not been eradicated. As the largest live cattle export market in the world, France is also one of the major exporters of breeding animals and genetic materials in the world. The biosafety of its exported cattle and products has always been a concern. The scenario tree quantitative model was used to analyze the risk of BTV release from French exported live cattle and bovine semen. The results showed that with the increase in vaccination coverage rates, the risk decreased. If the vaccine coverage is 0%, the areas with the highest average risk probability of BTV‐4 and BTV‐8 release from exported live cattle were Haute‐Savoie and Puy‐de‐Dôme, and the risk was 2.96 × 10–4 and 4.25 × 10–4, respectively. When the vaccine coverage was 90%, the risk probability of BTV‐4 and BTV‐8 release from exported live cattle was 2.96 × 10–5 and 4.24 × 10–5, respectively. The average probability of BTV‐8 release from bovine semen was 1.09 × 10–10. Sensitivity analysis showed that the probability of false negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and the probability of BT infection in the bull breeding station had an impact on the model. The identification of high‐risk areas and the discovery of key control measures provide a reference for decision makers to assess the risk of French exports of live cattle and bovine semen.
Advances in single-cell nanoencapsulation and applications in diseases

Abstract Single-cell nanoencapsulation is a method of coating the surface of single cell with nanomaterials. In the early 20th century, with the introduction of various types of organic or inorganic nano-polymer materials, the selection of cell types, and the functional modification of the outer coating, this technology has gradually matured. Typical preparation methods include interfacial polycondensation, complex condensation, spray drying, microdroplet ejection, and layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly. The LbL assembly technology utilises nanomaterials with opposite charges deposited on cells by strong interaction (electrostatic interaction) or weak interaction (hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction), which drives compounds to spontaneously form films with complete structure, stable performance and unique functions on cells. According to the needs of the disease, choosing appropriate cell types and biocompatible and biodegradable nanomaterials could achieve the purpose of promoting cell proliferation, immune isolation, reducing phagocytosis of the reticuloendothelial system, prolonging the circulation time in vivo, and avoiding repeated administration. Therefore, encapsulated cells could be utilised in various biomedical fields, such as cell catalysis, biotherapy, vaccine manufacturing and antitumor therapy. This article reviews cell nanoencapsulation therapies for diseases, including the various cell sources used, nanoencapsulation technology and the latest advances in preclinical and clinical research.
Word Production Changes through Adolescence: A Behavioral and ERP Investigation of Referential and Inferential Naming

ABSTRACT Changes in word production occur across the lifespan, with adolescence representing a knot point between children’s and adults’ performance and underlying brain processes. Previous studies on referential word production using picture naming tasks have shown a completely adult-like pattern in 17-year-old adolescents and an intermediate pattern between children and adults in adolescents aged 14–16 years old, suggesting a possible involvement of visuo-conceptual processes in the transition from childhood to adulthood. Given the visual nature of the picture naming task, it is unclear whether changes in visuo-conceptual processes are specifically related to the referential word production or if overall changes in conceptual to lexical processes drive maturation. To answer this question, we turned to an inferential word production task, i.e., naming from auditory definitions, involving different conceptual to lexical processes relative to referential naming. Behavior and electroencephalographic Event-Related Potentials (ERP) in a (visual) referential word production task and an (auditory) inferential word production task were recorded and compared in three groups of adolescents (respectively, aged 10 to 13, 14 to 16, and 17 to 18). Only the youngest group displayed longer production latencies and lower accuracy than the two older groups of adolescents who performed similarly on both tasks. Crucially, ERP waveform analysis and topographic pattern analysis revealed significant intergroup differences on both tasks. Changes across ages are not merely linked to the visual-conceptual processes of a picture naming task but are rather related to lexical-semantic processes involved in word production.
Supraspinal melatonin MT2 receptor agonism alleviates pain via a neural circuit that recruits mu opioid receptors

Melatonin, through its G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) (MTNR1B gene) MT2, is implicated in analgesia, but the relationship between MT2 receptors and the opioid system remains elusive. In a model of rodent neuropathic pain (spared nerve injured [SNI]), the selective melatonin MT2 agonist UCM924 reversed the allodynia (a pain response to a non‐noxious stimulus), and this effect was nullified by the pharmacological blockade or genetic inactivation of the mu opioid receptor (MOR), but not the delta opioid receptor (DOR). Indeed, SNI MOR, but not DOR knockout mice, did not respond to the antiallodynic effects of the UCM924. Similarly, the nonselective opioid antagonist naloxone and the selective MOR antagonist D‐Phe‐Cys‐Tyr‐D‐Trp‐Orn‐Thr‐Pen‐Thr‐NH2 (CTOP) blocked the effects of UCM924 in SNI rats, but not the DOR antagonist naltrindole (NTI). Electrophysiological recordings in the rostral‐ventromedial medulla (RVM) revealed that the typical reduction of the firing activity of pronociceptive ON‐cells, and the enhancement of the firing of the antinociceptive OFF‐cells, induced by the microinjection of the MT2 agonist UCM924 into the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) were blocked by MOR, but not DOR, antagonism. Immunohistochemistry studies showed that MT2 receptors are expressed in both excitatory (CaMKIIα+) and inhibitory (GAD65+) neuronal cell bodies in the vlPAG (~2.16% total), but not RVM. Only 0.20% of vlPAG neurons coexpressed MOR and MT2 receptors. Finally, UCM924 treatment induced an increase in the enkephalin precursor gene (PENK) in the PAG of SNI mice. Collectively, the melatonin MT2 receptor agonism requires MORs to exert its antiallodynic effects, mostly through an interneuronal circuit involving MOR and MT2 receptors.
Comparison of WPPSI-IV and WISC-V cognitive profiles in 6–7-year-old Finland-Swedish children – findings from the FinSwed study

ABSTRACT The Wechsler scales are among the most widely used tests in cognitive and neuropsychological assessments. When assessing children aged 6:0–7:7 years the clinician can choose between Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence – Fourth Edition (WPPSI-IV) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Fifth Edition (WISC-V). Information about how the tests function and differ in this overlapping age range is limited. Using a between-subjects design, the present study compared the cognitive profiles of typically developing Swedish-speaking children in Finland in this overlapping age range (6:1 – 7:2 years), assessed with the Swedish versions of either WPPSI-IV (n = 38) or WISC-V (n = 24). Profile analyses and one-way ANCOVA were performed to investigate differences in the comparable subtests, indexes and Full Scale IQ. On the subtest level, children assessed with WISC-V had significantly lower scores on the subtests Vocabulary, Matrix Reasoning, and Bug/Symbol Search compared to children assessed with WPPSI-IV. On the index level, scores for the Verbal Comprehension Index and the Fluid Reasoning Index were significantly lower for children assessed with WISC-V. The Full Scale IQ was significantly lower on WISC-V. Taken together, the findings indicate that WPPSI-IV and WISC-V produce partly different cognitive profiles. These differences are important to recognize when choosing which test to use and when interpreting the results of clinical assessments of children in this age group.
The evolving role of checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of urothelial carcinoma

The most prevalent pathological subtype of bladder and upper urinary tract malignancy is urothelial carcinoma (UC). Traditional therapies mainly include surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Checkpoint inhibitors, which are monoclonal antibodies developed to specifically target immune checkpoint molecules, have recently emerged as potential treatment options for UC patients, especially those targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) and its ligand (PD‐L1). However, anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy does not work for a considerable number of UC patients. Current antitumour immunotherapy research hotspots include seeking biomarkers that might predict therapeutic effects and exploring novel immune checkpoint molecules crucial for the antitumour immune response. Hence, we will recapitulate the latest preclinical and clinical trials of 5 PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors, 1 cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 inhibitor and combination therapies for UC treatment, including combined immunotherapy and immunotherapy with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. We will also summarize other potential immune checkpoint molecules found in ongoing UC studies. Moreover, we will highlight the role of biomarkers linked with the oncological efficacy of anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 immunotherapy and address the mechanisms of immunotherapy drug resistance in UC, with the hope of providing more systematic guidance for its application and development.
THE MODELING OF THE ACTIVE SURFACES OF A MULTI-FLUTE HELICAL DRILL WITH CURVED CUTTING EDGE USING THE SV& TOOLBOX ENVIRONMENT

The paper presents a designing method for the shape of the multi-flute helical drill, with curved edges by using a dedicated software package – SV & Toolbox. With this purpose, there are presented a few basic aspects concerning the shape of the cutting edge, the shape of the helical flute and shape of end faces. At the same time, elements regarding the processing technology on machines with numerical control, simulation and virtual manufacturing of the drill.
Sleep loss leads to the withdrawal of human helping across individuals, groups, and large-scale societies

Humans help each other. This fundamental feature of homo sapiens has been one of the most powerful forces sculpting the advent of modern civilizations. But what determines whether humans choose to help one another? Across 3 replicating studies, here, we demonstrate that sleep loss represents one previously unrecognized factor dictating whether humans choose to help each other, observed at 3 different scales (within individuals, across individuals, and across societies). First, at an individual level, 1 night of sleep loss triggers the withdrawal of help from one individual to another. Moreover, fMRI findings revealed that the withdrawal of human helping is associated with deactivation of key nodes within the social cognition brain network that facilitates prosociality. Second, at a group level, ecological night-to-night reductions in sleep across several nights predict corresponding next-day reductions in the choice to help others during day-to-day interactions. Third, at a large-scale national level, we demonstrate that 1 h of lost sleep opportunity, inflicted by the transition to Daylight Saving Time, reduces real-world altruistic helping through the act of donation giving, established through the analysis of over 3 million charitable donations. Therefore, inadequate sleep represents a significant influential force determining whether humans choose to help one another, observable across micro- and macroscopic levels of civilized interaction. The implications of this effect may be non-trivial when considering the essentiality of human helping in the maintenance of cooperative, civil society, combined with the reported decline in sufficient sleep in many first-world nations.
Alcohol and Alcohol Combined with Texting: Evaluation of Driving Impairment Effects in a Closed-Course Section

Abstract Objective Examine the driving impairment effects of alcohol alone and of alcohol combined with texting. Methods Fifteen drivers (nine male, six female; mean age: 31.1 ± 6.9 years, range: 23 to 43 years) with similar drinking habit (i.e., social drinkers) completed a lap in a closed-course section in six different situations: (I) sober; (II) sober and while texting; (III) 30 minutes after ingesting a moderate dose of ethanol (0.50 g/kg); (IV) 30 minutes after drinking and while texting; (V) 60 minutes after drinking, (VI) 60 minutes after drinking and while texting. Driving performance was analyzed by means of maximum and mean speed, braking time and braking distance; and ability to control the car (i.e., evaluating if the drivers hit a traffic cone or exceeded the boundaries of the course). P values of < 0.05 were considered significant. Results Pre and post-alcohol consumption results show a significant increase concerning the drivers’ mean and maximum speed after drinking (p < 3.2x10−8). However, neither alcohol nor texting had significant effects on braking parameters (p > 0.05). Traffic cones were knocked down only in texting experiments. In addition, when using the cell phone drivers tended to reduce the speed, and to accelerate abruptly right after they finish texting. Conclusion Our findings strengthen the hypothesis that even moderate alcohol doses may significantly impair the driving performance. Additionally, alcohol and texting have complementary effects on driving impairment, and their combination represents a significant risk factor for crashes.