Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Process and Temperature Variations on the Crosstalk Effects in Sub-10 nm Multilayer Graphene Nanoribbon Interconnects

In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the crosstalk in multilayer graphene nanoribbon (MLGNR) interconnects in the presence of process and temperature variations is performed. The variations of the crosstalk delay, crosstalk noise area, and power are investigated in the presence of process and temperature variations for passively shielded five-line MLGNRs carrying ternary signals in 10nm and 7nm technology nodes. Analyses are conducted considering all of the important sources of process variations using comprehensive Monte Carlo simulations. The results indicate that the impacts of the process and temperature variations on the crosstalk effects become more evident with the technology scaling from 10 to 7nm, mainly due to the reduction of the width and spacing of the interconnects. According to the results, the maximum deviation of the crosstalk delay, power consumption, and noise area are 160ps, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.9{\mu }\text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and 16V.ps, respectively for 10nm passively shielded MLGNR interconnect in the presence of all sources of process variations. These values are in turn 335ps, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.3{\mu }\text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and 27V.ps in 7nm node. Moreover, the crosstalk effects are evaluated at various temperatures ranging from 200°K to 450°K. The maximum variations for the crosstalk delay and noise area for 10nm MLGNR interconnects are 57ps and 6V.ps at temperatures higher than room temperature and 6ps and 0.5V. ps for temperatures lower than the room temperature. These variations are in turn 118ps, 9V.ps, 12ps and 1V.ps for 7nm MLGNR interconnects. It is also observed that the variations of the resistance of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$500{\mu }\text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> length MLGNR in the presence of temperature variations are on average 3.9 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{K}\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and 8.2 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{K}\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> in 10nm and 7nm technologies, respectively.
Terahertz frequency metrology

We provide an overview on THz frequency metrology, starting from the nowadays available continuous wave THz sources, discussing their main features such as tunability, spectral purity and possibility of frequency referencing to the primary frequency standard. A comparison on the achieved results in high precision molecular spectroscopy is given and discussed, and finally a special emphasis is placed on the future developments of this upcoming field. In fact, particular attention will be given to new generation metrological-grade THz sources, such as a novel 3-octaves-spanning roomtemperature continuous-wave source based on difference frequency generation, and the latest developments regarding quantum cascade laser frequency combs based on four-wave-mixing nonlinear processes.
Spectral-Efficient Hybrid Dimming Scheme for Indoor Visible Light Communication: A Subcarrier Index Modulation Based Approach

Communication and illumination are two basic functions of the indoor visible light communication (VLC). In this paper, a novel spectral-efficient hybrid dimming scheme is proposed for the indoor VLC system, where the frequency-domain subcarrier selection is utilized to maximize the channel capacity and the intensity-domain dimming strategy is used to further adjust the illumination level. Simulations are carried out in both the indoor line-of-sight channel and the indoor multipath channel. Simulation results substantiate the superior performance of the proposed hybrid dimming scheme over the state-of-the-art schemes.
Novel Lockable and Stackable Compliant Actuation Unit for Modular +SPEA Actuators

On compliant robotic systems, modularity is recently adopted for the ease of up- and downscaling and the possibility to downgrade the costs, by moving towards the combination of standard units instead of custom designs. However, modularity on the actuator level itself lacks more thorough evaluation. We have developed a novel lockable and stackable compliant actuation unit which can be used to form modular series-parallel elastic actuators (+SPEA). This letter describes the modular +SPEA layer architecture and discusses its two-way overrunner and rubber springs in detail, while providing experimental validation on each component as well. First experiments show the layer can deliver up to 20 Nm. Finally, we present how a manipulator can be equipped with the modular +SPEA layers.
Does High-Speed Rail Promote Enterprises Productivity? Evidence from China

High-speed rail (HSR) is often claimed to bring different regions and cities closer together by shortening travel times, which can reduce the costs and increase enterprises productivity to promote a sustainable economy. However, another view argues that HSR transfers economic activities from peripheral cities to core cities, resulting in unbalanced regional economic development and damaging the sustainability of the economy. Based on microdata from China, this paper empirically investigates the impact of HSR on the enterprises productivity in both core cities and peripheral cities and explores the impact mechanism from the perspective of allocation effect and distribution effect caused by HSR. The results show that the connection of HSR positively affects the enterprises productivity in core cities, while it negatively affects the enterprises productivity in peripheral cities, with effect values of 1.38% and -8.45%, respectively. The conclusion still holds after endogenous treatment and multiple robustness tests are conducted. Additionally, the allocation effect analysis shows that the market access caused by HSR has an optimization effect on the resource allocation efficiency of both core cities and peripheral cities. The distribution effect analysis reveals that the distribution of enterprise productivity in peripheral cities has market heterogeneity, regional heterogeneity, and location heterogeneity. The important policy significance of this paper is that, in order to promote the sustainable development of enterprises and the economy, it should reduce policy restrictions and promote the effective flow of capital and talents, carry out the dislocation development of industry for peripheral cities, and “build a nest to attract the phoenix. ”
Improved Flux-Controlled VFCV Strategy for Eliminating and Measuring the Residual Flux of Three-Phase Transformers

The residual flux (RF) in three-phase transformers can dramatically increase the inrush current when the transformer is energized. The RF can also severely interfere with diagnostic tests, such as the frequency-response analysis (FRA) test. However, there is no effective method to fully eliminate the RF in the core of a three-phase transformer. Additionally, there are few relevant experimental reports on methods to accurately measure the RF in the magnetic core of a three-phase transformer; this measurement is important for evaluating the demagnetization results and phase-controlled switching strategies. Hence, this paper proposes an improved flux-controlled variable frequency-constant voltage (VFCV) strategy combined with core flux equalization to simultaneously eliminate and measure the RF of a three-phase transformer core by applying a low-power electronic device. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed strategy are validated by the simulation and experimental tests of a 10 kV distribution transformer and a 500 kV delta-connection three-phase separating transformer. The results reveal that the RF can be eliminated to less than 1% of the knee point flux and that the measurement is fairly accurate.
Performance Assessment of Grid Forming Converters Using Different Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) Algorithms

Finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) methods in different power electronic applications are gaining considerable attention due to their simplicity and fast dynamics. This paper introduces an assessment of the two-level three-phase voltage source converter (2L-VSC) utilizing different MPC schemes with and without a modulation stage. In order to perform such a comparative evaluation, 2L-VSC efficiency and total harmonics distortion of the voltage (THDv) have been investigated, when considering a linear load. The results demonstrate the performance of different MPC algorithms through an experimental verification on a Danfoss converter, and a set of analyses have been studied using the PLECS and MATLAB/SIMULINK together. It can be concluded that a comparable performance is achieved by using conventional MPC (CMPC), improved MPC (IMPC), periodic MPC (PMPC), and MPC scheme with modulator (M 2 PC) controllers. The assessment is critical to classify the strategies as mentioned earlier according to their efficiency. Furthermore, it gives a thorough point of view on which algorithm is suitable for the grid-forming applications.
A NEW BIOMIMICRY TOOL FOR VISUAL DESIGN: THREE CATEGORIES AND THEIR SUGGESTIONS

Designers are always looking for inspiration for their designs, and many disciplines use natural inspiration to innovate, a practice often referred to as " biomimicry ". This paper reviews the existing literature on biomimetic design thinking, discusses the use of biomimicry as an auxiliary tool for visual designers' creative development, and puts forward three directions and suggestions for the visual design of biomimicry tools. This provides visual designers and students with a new thinking to expand the space for creative development.
Development of the calibration method for a fast steering antenna for investigating the mode conversion window used in EBW heating in the LHD plasma

In this study, we developed a calibration method for a fast steering antenna for investigating the mode conversion window used in electron Bernstein wave heating in the large helical device. The calibration was carried out in under-dense plasma against a line-of-sight with an optical thickness which varied spatially. Although multi-reflected background radiation becomes dominant in optically thin lines-of-sight, we succeeded in calibrating the fast steering antenna by including the effect of multi-reflected background radiation in the solution of the radiation transfer equation as the constant by which the temperature of the center of the plasma is multiplied. In addition, we report the initial results of experiments investigating the mode conversion window in over-dense plasma using the calibrated antenna.
Modified Double Auxiliary Resonant Commutated Pole Inverter and its Modulation Strategy

In order to overcome the complexity of the double auxiliary commutation circuit (DACC) and the coupling of the resonance process of the double auxiliary resonant commutated pole (DARCP) inverter, a modified DARCP inverter topology and its modulation strategy are proposed. The modified topology not only retains the advantage of reliable zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn-off of auxiliary switches and so on, but also realizes the simplification of the DACC and the decoupling of the resonance process. The cost of the inverter and the system oscillation caused by coupling resonance are reduced, and the performance and practicability of the inverter are improved. According to the equivalent circuits of different operation modes under the proposed modulation strategy, the operation principle, the soft-switching implementation condition, and the parameter design method are analyzed. Finally, a 10-kW, 16-kHz soft-switching inverter prototype is built. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed inverter.
Dynamic Interactions between Intraday Returns and Trading Volume on the CSI 300 Index Futures: An Application of an SVAR Model

The results of data description using ten samples of high-frequency data to describe the intraday characteristics of the CSI 300 index futures show that there is no significant summit and fat tail phenomenon. The Granger causality test shows that there is not only a two-way Granger causality between returns and trading volume but also an instantaneous causality relationship. Therefore, the A-type SVAR models are identified and estimated after setting up constraints, and all the models are tested stable. Subsequent variance decomposition results show that the residual disturbance of returns can be explained more than 99.9% by its lagged terms; the residual disturbance of trading volume explained by its lagged terms and returns is quite different, and the range of interpretation is very wide. The impulse response results show that the market responds very quickly to new information. When a shock is reached, the market can reach a new equilibrium point after about three observation time periods. This shows that the market is able to digest new information quickly, and arbitrage trading becomes very difficult in this market.
Analysis of the deviations from the similarity between JET and ITER ion cyclotron resonance heating

To predict the performances of ion-cyclotron resonance heating in ITER based on the existing JET experimental results, it is important to know the impact of the deviations from the exact similarity relations between these two tokamaks. For this aim, in this paper we identify three global scaling parameters depending on the main plasma/wave quantities, such as confining magnetic fields, major radius, plasma density and temperature, wave frequency, toroidal mode number, and absorbed wave power to describe the important difference between JET and ITER. By introducing three new scaling parameters to capture the Doppler effect, the plasma beta, and the fast ion kinetic effect, ITER will be expected to have a lower optimized minority concentration, a higher fraction of electron damping, a lower ion effective temperature. When the deviation from the exact scaling relations is not significant, the new scaling parameters represent sufficiently the linear change of the predicted results of ITER from the reference results of JET. Some inter-dependent nonlinear effects between the new scaling parameters are also examined.
BIO-EFFICACY OF ENDOPHYTIC ACTINOMYCETES FOR PLANT GROWTH PROMOTION AND MANAGEMENT OF FUNGAL WILT IN TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM).

The objective of this study was the isolation and screening of endophytic actinomycetes isolates for their antagonistic potential and plant growth promoting activities. A total of 60 isolates were recovered from root, stem and leaf tissue of 30 tomato plants. Studies on plant growth promoting activities revealed that 44 showed abilities to produce indole acetic acid, 18 produced siderophores, 34 ammonia and 16 were observed to solubilize phosphate. In addition, production of hydrolytic enzymes such as chitinase, amylase and protease was demonstrated by these isolates. The efficacy of all endophytic actinomycetes was tested against Rhizoctonia solani pathogen in tomato, among 60 isolates obtained; seven endophytic actinomycetes were antagonistic to Rhizoctonia solani in vitro . Among them, potential isolate actinomycete was promising in vivo .
A Potential Information Capacity Index for Link Prediction of Complex Networks Based on the Cannikin Law

Recently, a number of similarity-based methods have been proposed for link prediction of complex networks. Among these indices, the resource-allocation-based prediction methods perform very well considering the amount of resources in the information transmission process between nodes. However, they ignore the information channels and their information capacity in information transmission process between two endpoints. Motivated by the Cannikin Law, the definition of information capacity is proposed to quantify the information transmission capability between any two nodes. Then, based on the information capacity, a potential information capacity (PIC) index is proposed for link prediction. Empirical study on 15 datasets has shown that the PIC index we proposed can achieve a good performance, compared with eight mainstream baselines.
Intelligent 3D Perception System for Semantic Description and Dynamic Interaction

This work proposes a novel semantic perception system based on computer vision and machine learning techniques. The main goal is to identify objects in the environment and extract their characteristics, allowing a dynamic interaction with the environment. The system is composed of a GPU processing source and a 3D vision sensor that provides RGB image and PointCloud data. The perception system is structured in three steps: Lexical Analysis, Syntax Analysis and finally an Analysis of Anticipation. The Lexical Analysis detects the actual position of the objects (or tokens) in the environment, through the combination of RGB image and PointCloud, surveying their characteristics. All information extracted from the tokens will be used to retrieve relevant features such as object velocity, acceleration and direction during the Syntax Analysis step. The anticipation step predicts future behaviors for these dynamic objects, promoting an interaction with them in terms of collisions, pull, and push actions. As a result, the proposed perception source can assign relevant information to mobile robots, not only about distances as traditional sensors, but about other environment characteristics and object behaviors. This novel perception source introduces a new class of skills to mobile robots. Experimental results obtained with a real robot are presented, showing the proposed perception source efficacy and potential.
Twelve Years of Daily Weather Descriptions in North America in the Eighteenth Century (Mexico City, 1775–86)

The weather diary of Felipe de Zúñiga y Ontiveros was recorded in Mexico City from 1775 to 1786. It is the earliest meteorological observational record of Mexico. The diary provides daily meteorological information for rain frequency, temperature, frost, hail, thunderstorms, and wind, with higher resolution than any other contemporary documentation or natural proxy from this region. The seasonal distributions of rainy days, temperature, hail, and thunderstorms correspond well with those from the Tacubaya Observatory in Mexico City (1886–2016). Two drought periods (1780/81 and 1785/86) and one wet period (1782/83) were identified. The drought spanning from 1785 to 1786 is known in the literature as “the hunger year” because it represented the most severe famine during the colonial period (1521–1821). This paper analyzes—for the first time—this event at a daily scale. Similar to the reported droughts of 1909/10 and 2010/11, 1785/86 was a very dry period. But the dry conditions of 1785 were followed by intense frosts that started in late August and continued through September and October. This combination led to the destruction of crops and subsequent famine. The duration of the frost does not have analogs during the instrumental period, probably because of the intense warming and land changes registered over the last years in the region.
The Role of Background Wind and Moisture in the Atmospheric Response to Oceanic Eddies During Winter in the Kuroshio Extension Region

The role of background wind and moisture in the atmospheric response to oceanic eddies during winter in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region is examined by numerical experiments (EXPs) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. We designed two sets of parallel experiments (dry and wet EXPs). The dry EXPs exclude the moisture in the air and the evaporation process. Each experiment differs only in the background wind speed during the initial condition. The wet EXPs include humidity in the initial condition and evaporation during the integration; the other settings are the same as the dry EXPs. The atmosphere in the two sets of EXPs are forced by the same mesoscale sea surface temperature anomaly which resembles the oceanic warm eddy in KE region. The results of these EXPs confirm that under weak background wind conditions, the atmospheric secondary circulation over oceanic eddies is driven by the pressure adjustment process due to weak advection. In the case of the dry run, the increase in background wind enhances the sea surface wind (SSW) by increasing vertical mixing. The convergence of SSW induces vertical motion and heating in the boundary layer, which further decreases the instability. The atmospheric secondary circulation in the dry run remains within the boundary layer. In wet EXPs, the atmospheric response is similar to that in dry runs when the background wind is very weak. When the background wind speed is increased to the climatology value (in KE region) or higher, the vertical motion triggers the precipitation process and diabatic heating above the boundary layer, and the heating in turn reinforces the upward flow.
Psychosocial and Oxidative Stress and Health of Adults

In presenting this dissertation as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree from Georgia State University, I hereby grant to Georgia State University and its agents the non-exclusive license to archive, make accessible, and display my dissertation in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known, including display on the world wide web. I understand that I may select some access restrictions as part of the online submission of this dissertation. I retain all ownership rights to the copyright of the dissertation. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this dissertation. Abstract Psychosocial and Oxidative Stress and Health of Adults Francis Boateng Annor The role of stress (both psychosocial and oxidative) in the pathophysiology of several chronic diseases has been documented and has become a focus for chronic disease prevention and management. Although, psychosocial stress (PS) and oxidative stress (OS) have different mechanisms through which they impact health, they both cause physiological imbalance which might subsequently lead to a disease state. Laboratory and observational studies have linked both stresses to the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension. However, findings from previous studies have not been entirely consistent and results have varied based on the study population and the stress-measurement tool used. Given the gaps in the literature, three studies were conducted to examine: (1) the relationship between PS and glycemic control; (2) the association between PS and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); and (3) the association between OS and hypertension among adults. In the first two studies, a longitudinal data from Kaiser Permanente Georgia (KPGA) survey on Health and Healthy Behaviors linked to patients' laboratory and pharmacy records was used. In the third study a cross-sectional data from Study on Race, Stress and Hypertension was used. The first study examined the association between baseline measure of work-related PS and glycemic control using both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. None of the four PS sub-scales or the overall PS measure at the work environment was significantly associated with glycemic control at either study baseline or over time. The second study examined the association between general measures of PS and changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over time in a structural equation model framework. No significant direct association was observed between general PS measure and eGFR decline. However, age, race, mean …