Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the accuracy of steady states obtained from the Universal Lindblad Equation

We show that steady-state expectation values predicted by the universal Lindblad equation (ULE) are accurate up to bounded corrections that scale linearly with the effective system-bath coupling, $\Gamma$ (second order in the microscopic coupling). We also identify a near-identity, quasilocal"memory-dressing"transformation, used during the derivation of the ULE, whose inverse can be applied to achieve relative deviations of observables that generically scale to zero with $\Gamma$, even for nonequilibrium currents whose steady-state values themselves scale to zero with $\Gamma$. This result provides a solution to recently identified limitations on the accuracy of Lindblad equations, which highlighted a potential for significant relative errors in currents of conserved quantities. The transformation we identify allows for high-fidelity computation of currents in the weak-coupling regime, ensuring thermodynamic consistency and local conservation laws, while retaining the stability and physicality of a Lindblad-form master equation.
AS2T: Arbitrary Source-To-Target Adversarial Attack on Speaker Recognition Systems

Recent work has illuminated the vulnerability of speaker recognition systems (SRSs) against adversarial attacks, raising significant security concerns in deploying SRSs. However, they considered only a few settings (e.g., some combinations of source and target speakers), leaving many interesting and important settings in real-world attack scenarios alone. In this work, we present AS2T, the first attack in this domain which covers all the settings, thus allows the adversary to craft adversarial voices using arbitrary source and target speakers for any of three main recognition tasks. Since none of the existing loss functions can be applied to all the settings, we explore many candidate loss functions for each setting including the existing and newly designed ones. We thoroughly evaluate their efficacy and find that some existing loss functions are suboptimal. Then, to improve the robustness of AS2T towards practical over-the-air attack, we study the possible distortions occurred in over-the-air transmission, utilize different transformation functions with different parameters to model those distortions, and incorporate them into the generation of adversarial voices. Our simulated over-the-air evaluation validates the effectiveness of our solution in producing robust adversarial voices which remain effective under various hardware devices and various acoustic environments with different reverberation, ambient noises, and noise levels. Finally, we leverage AS2T to perform thus far the largest-scale evaluation to understand transferability among 14 diverse SRSs. The transferability analysis provides many interesting and useful insights which challenge several findings and conclusion drawn in previous works in the image domain. Our study also sheds light on future directions of adversarial attacks in the speaker recognition domain.
The Simulated Catalogue of Optical Transients and Correlated Hosts (SCOTCH)

As we observe a rapidly growing number of astrophysical transients, we learn more about the diverse host galaxy environments in which they occur. Host galaxy information can be used to purify samples of cosmological Type Ia supernovae, uncover the progenitor systems of individual classes, and facilitate low-latency follow-up of rare and peculiar explosions. In this work, we develop a novel data-driven methodology to simulate the time-domain sky that includes detailed modeling of the probability density function for multiple transient classes conditioned on host galaxy magnitudes, colours, star formation rates, and masses. We have designed these simulations to optimize photometric classification and analysis in upcoming large synoptic surveys. We integrate host galaxy information into the SNANA simulation framework to construct the Simulated Catalogue of Optical Transients and Correlated Hosts (SCOTCH, a publicly-available catalogue of 5 million idealized transient light curves in LSST passbands and their host galaxy properties over the redshift range 0 < z < 3. This catalogue includes supernovae, tidal disruption events, kilonovae, and active galactic nuclei. Each light curve consists of true top-of-the-galaxy magnitudes sampled with high (≲2 day) cadence. In conjunction with SCOTCH we also release an associated set of tutorials and transient-specific libraries to enable simulations of arbitrary space- and ground-based surveys. Our methodology is being used to test critical science infrastructure in advance of surveys by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory and the Nancy G. Roman Space Telescope.
A Category Theoretic View of Contextual Types: From Simple Types to Dependent Types

We describe the categorical semantics for a simply typed variant and a simplified dependently typed variant of Cocon, a contextual modal type theory where the box modality mediates between the weak function space that is used to represent higher-order abstract syntax (HOAS) trees and the strong function space that describes (recursive) computations about them. What makes Cocon different from standard type theories is the presence of first-class contexts and contextual objects to describe syntax trees that are closed with respect to a given context of assumptions. Following M. Hofmann’s work, we use a presheaf model to characterise HOAS trees. Surprisingly, this model already provides the necessary structure to also model Cocon. In particular, we can capture the contextual objects of Cocon using a comonad ♭ that restricts presheaves to their closed elements. This gives a simple semantic characterisation of the invariants of contextual types (e.g. substitution invariance) and identifies Cocon as a type-theoretic syntax of presheaf models. We further extend this characterisation to dependent types using categories with families and show that we can model a fragment of Cocon without recursor in the Fitch-style dependent modal type theory presented by Birkedal et al.
Condition assessment of concrete pier after three decades of exposure to sea water

U radu su prikazane posljedice dugotrajnog izlaganja betonskih konstrukcija morskom okolisu, na primjeru betonskih blokova obalnog zida koji se nalaze u moru vise od 30 godina. Na blokovima je provedeno ispitivanje mehanickih (tlacna cvrstoca) i trajnosnih (plinopropusnost i kapilarno upijanje) svojstava, svojstava homogenosti (odskok sklerometrom i brzina prolaska ultrazvuka) te kemijska analiza (kolicina kloridnih i sulfatnih iona). Osim ispitivanja, provedeno je modeliranje ponasanja betona u morskoj vodi uz pomoc programskih paketa Stadium i Conclife.
Sistema de Classificação de Pacientes Pediátricos: construção e validação de categorias de cuidados

Patient classification is essential for managing a hospital unit. Literature, however, does not present conceptualizations of pediatric patient categories. The objectives of this study were to define and validate pediatric patient care categories, according to the level of dependency of the nursing team. The care categories were defined based on a literature review, and the content of the proposed categories was validated by a group of judges involved in managing and providing care in a pediatric unit, and by judges involved in pediatric education and research as well as in the construction of patient instruments. Five care categories were established and validated: Minimal, Intermediate, High dependency, Semi-intensive and Intensive. The validation of the care categories were the basis for constructing a system for the classification of pediatric patients, that may contribute with the decision making process of nurses working in management and health care.
Synergies among Producer Firms, Lead Users, and User Communities: The Case of the LEGO Producer–User Ecosystem†

While many firms today proactively involve users in their new product development efforts using a wide variety of methods such as the lead user method, firm-hosted user communities, or mass customization toolkits, some pioneering firms are experimenting with the creation of sustainable producer-user ecosystems designed for the continuous exploration and exploitation of business opportunities. In this paper, the functioning of such ecosystems is studied with particular emphasis on the synergies they can yield. Based on an explorative and longitudinal multiple case study design, the producer-user ecosystem of the firm LEGO is analyzed, and three main actors in the ecosystem are identified: entrepreneurial lead users who aim to start their own businesses, a vibrant user community, and the LEGO company as the focal producer firm and facilitator for multiple user-to-user and user-to-producer interactions. Our study reveals three kinds of synergies: (1) reduced risk for entrepreneurial lead users and the focal producer firm, (2) the extension of the design space of the focal producer firm's products, and (3) the creation of buzz within the user community. Finally, the theoretical and managerial implications of our findings for innovation researchers and practitioners are discussed. (authors' abstract)
Genetic architecture of microRNA expression and its link to complex diseases in the Japanese population

Abstract Understanding the genetic effects on non-coding RNA (ncRNA) expression facilitates functional characterization of disease-associated genetic loci. Among several classes of ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) are key post-transcriptional gene regulators. Despite its biological importance, previous studies on the genetic architecture of miRNA expression focused mostly on the European individuals, underrepresented in other populations. Here, we mapped miRNA expression quantitative trait loci (miRNA-eQTL) for 343 miRNAs in 141 Japanese using small RNA sequencing and whole-genome sequencing, identifying 1275 cis-miRNA-eQTL variants for 40 miRNAs (false discovery rate < 0.2). Of these, 25 miRNAs having eQTL were unreported in the European studies, including 5 miRNAs with their lead variant monomorphic in the European populations, which demonstrates the value of miRNA-eQTL analysis in diverse ancestral populations. MiRNAs with eQTL effect showed allele-specific expression (ASE; e.g. miR-146a-3p), and ASE analysis further detected cis-regulatory variants not captured by the conventional miRNA-eQTL mapping (e.g. miR-933). We identified a copy number variation associated with miRNA expression (e.g. miR-570-3p, P = 7.2 × 10−6), which contributes to a more comprehensive landscape of miRNA-eQTLs. To elucidate a post-transcriptional modification in miRNAs, we created a catalog of miRNA-editing sites, including 10 canonical and 6 non-canonical sites. Finally, by integrating the miRNA-eQTLs and Japanese genome-wide association studies of 25 complex traits (mean n = 192 833), we conducted a transcriptome-wide association study, identifying miR-1908-5p as a potential mediator for adult height, colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes (P < 9.1 × 10−5). Our study broadens the population diversity in ncRNA-eQTL studies and contributes to functional annotation of disease-associated loci found in non-European populations.
Vitamin D-mediated effects on airway innate immunity in vitro

Introduction Vitamin D supplementation has been suggested to enhance immunity during respiratory infection season. We tested the effect of active vitamin D (calcitriol) supplementation on key airway innate immune mechanisms in vitro. Methods Primary human airway epithelial cells (hAECs) grown at the air liquid interface were supplemented with 10−7 M calcitriol for 24 hours (or a time course) and their antimicrobial airway surface liquid (ASL) was tested for pH, viscoscity, and antibacterial and antiviral properties. We also tested hAEC ciliary beat frequency (CBF). Next, we assessed alterations to hAEC gene expression using RNA sequencing, and based on results, we measured neutrophil migration across hAECs. Results Calcitriol supplementation enhanced ASL bacterial killing of Staphylococcus aureus (p = 0.02) but did not enhance its antiviral activity against 229E-CoV. It had no effect on ASL pH or viscosity at three timepoints. Lastly, it did not affect hAEC CBF or neutrophil migration, although there was a trend of enhanced migration in the presence of a neutrophil chemokine (p = 0.09). Supplementation significantly altered hAEC gene expression, primarily of AMP-related genes including CAMP and TREM1. Conclusion While vitamin D supplementation did not have effects on many airway innate immune mechanisms, it may provide a useful tool to resolve respiratory bacterial infections.
Revue de la littérature Rehabilitation and Parkinson ’ s disease : Relevance of a strength training protocol

Objective. – Physical therapy strategies have recently proved their efficacy in the field of Parkinson’s disease management. The purpose of this paper was to access the efficacy and the limits of aerobic training and strength training included in physical rehabilitation programs and to define practical modalities. Method. – A comprehensive search on Pubmed and Cochrane databases was made. Results. – Five literature revues and thirty one randomised trials have been selected. Exercise training improves aerobic capacities, muscle strength, walking, posture and balance parameters. Rehabilitation programs should begin as soon as possible, last several weeks and be repeated. They should include aerobic training on bicycle or treadmill and a muscle strengthening program. Conclusion. – There is evidence that aerobic and strength training improve physical habilities of patients suffering from Parkinson’s Disease. Rehabilitation programs should be discussed with the patient, taking in account his difficulties and his physical capacities. Two questions are debatable: exercise intensity and phase ON / phase OFF timing. # 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Identifying the themes of medical tourism business in Iran: A systematic review

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, medical tourism reports impressive growth in terms of number of persons, income, and number of countries involved in cross-border flows. It refers to people traveling abroad (from home to a target country) to obtain medical treatment. The present study aimed to identify the themes and codes of the medical tourism business in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched international databases (such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science) and Iranian bibliography thesaurus and repositories (namely, Scientific Information Database and Magiran) using keywords such as medical tourism, international medical travel, and medical tourism business in the English and Persian literature, published between January 2000 and December 2019, identified with no restriction on the type of the studies. The data were analyzed based on the content analysis method. RESULTS: Out of 1054 articles, 14 were finally selected. In the end, eight themes of the medical tourism business including competitive pricing, safety and security, information and communication technology, labor market and human resources, structure management, leading the way in medical tourism, infrastructure, and exchange with the international world were identified which on the whole contain 45 codes. Most of the articles were quantitative. Four of the themes (competitive price, labor market and human resources, structure management, and infrastructure) were most frequent and of the highest importance. CONCLUSION: The themes and codes identified in this study helps companies and individuals who want to work in the field of medical tourism. According to this study, all 8 themes and 45 codes are of high value, but still, some themes are of higher value than others and special attention should be paid to them.
Analysing an allelic series of rare missense variants of CACNA1I in a Swedish schizophrenia cohort

Abstract CACNA1I is implicated in the susceptibility to schizophrenia by large-scale genetic association studies of single nucleotide polymorphisms. However, the channelopathy of CACNA1I in schizophrenia is unknown. CACNA1I encodes CaV3.3, a neuronal voltage-gated calcium channel that underlies a subtype of T-type current that is important for neuronal excitability in the thalamic reticular nucleus and other regions of the brain. Here, we present an extensive functional characterization of 57 naturally occurring rare and common missense variants of CACNA1I derived from a Swedish schizophrenia cohort of more than 10 000 individuals. Our analysis of this allelic series of coding CACNA1I variants revealed that reduced CaV3.3 channel current density was the dominant phenotype associated with rare CACNA1I coding alleles derived from control subjects, whereas rare CACNA1I alleles from schizophrenia patients encoded CaV3.3 channels with altered responses to voltages. CACNA1I variants associated with altered current density primarily impact the ionic channel pore and those associated with altered responses to voltage impact the voltage-sensing domain. CaV3.3 variants associated with altered voltage dependence of the CaV3.3 channel and those associated with peak current density deficits were significantly segregated across affected and unaffected groups (Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.034). Our results, together with recent data from the SCHEMA (Schizophrenia Exome Sequencing Meta-Analysis) cohort, suggest that reduced CaV3.3 function may protect against schizophrenia risk in rare cases. We subsequently modelled the effect of the biophysical properties of CaV3.3 channel variants on thalamic reticular nucleus excitability and found that compared with common variants, ultrarare CaV3.3-coding variants derived from control subjects significantly decreased thalamic reticular nucleus excitability (P = 0.011). When all rare variants were analysed, there was a non-significant trend between variants that reduced thalamic reticular nucleus excitability and variants that either had no effect or increased thalamic reticular nucleus excitability across disease status. Taken together, the results of our functional analysis of an allelic series of >50 CACNA1I variants in a schizophrenia cohort reveal that loss of function of CaV3.3 is a molecular phenotype associated with reduced disease risk burden, and our approach may serve as a template strategy for channelopathies in polygenic disorders.
Sociocultural, health knowledge, and health literacy among children ages 9–10 years in Thailand

BACKGROUND: Health literacy (HL) enables a person to make good decisions regarding health care, disease prevention, and health promotion to maintain and improve health. In Thailand, most existing studies focus on adults’ HL rather than children. This research aimed to determine the influence of sociocultural and health knowledge on HL among children ages 9–10 years in Thailand. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1650 children aged 9–10 years. The respondents were recruited using multistage random sampling from 39 primary schools of 13 provinces in all four regions of Thailand. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the required data. The multilevel analysis was used to determine the association between sociocultural, health knowledge, and HL while controlling the effects of covariates. The result was presented as adjusted odd ratios and its 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Of the total 1650 respondents, 86.24% (95% CI: 84.49%–87.82%) had adequate and excellent levels of HL. The multivariable analysis indicated factors that were significantly associated with adequate and excellent levels HL including adequacy of per diem (adjusted odds ratio [adj. OR] = 6.78; 95% CI: 3.54–12.97) and had good relationship with teachers (adj. OR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.55–3.09). Sources of health education which were received health education from parents (adj. OR = 3.51; 95% CI: 2.39–5.14), from teachers (adj. OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.43–2.89), and from the Internet (adj. OR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.12–2.99) were also significantly associated with HL. Another significant factor was had good level of health knowledge (adj. OR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.30–2.66) when control clustering effect of region, provinces, school, and classroom size. CONCLUSIONS: More than 85% of children ages 9–10 years in Thailand had adequate and excellence levels of HL. Sociocultural and health knowledge had influence on children HL.
Synthetic condensate size correlates with yeast replicative cell age

Yeast divides asymmetrically, with an aging mother cell and a ‘rejuvenated’ daughter cell, and serves as a model organism for studying aging. At the same time, determining the age of yeast cells is technically challenging, requiring complex experimental setups or genetic strategies. We developed a synthetic system composed of two interacting oligomers, which forms condensates in living yeast cells. Here, we report that these synthetic condensates' size correlates with yeast replicative age, making these condensates age reporters for this model organism.
Administration Improves Tooth

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of lithium chloride (LiCl) on the socket healing of estrogen-deficient rats. Seventy-two rats were allocated into one of the following groups: Control, Ovariectomy and LiCl (150 mg/kg/2 every other day orally) + Ovariectomy. Animals received LiCl or water from the 14th day post-ovariectomy, until the completion of the experiment. On the 21st day after ovariectomy, the first molars were extracted. Rats were euthanized on the 10th, 20th and 30th days following extractions. Bone healing (BH), TRAP positive cells and immunohistochemical staining for OPG, RANKL, BSP, OPN and OCN were evaluated. The Ovariectomy group presented decreased BH compared to the LiCl group at 10 days, and the lowest BH at 20 days (p<0.05). At 30 days, the Ovariectomy and LiCl-groups presented lower BH than that of the Control (p<0.05). The number of TRAP-stained cells was the lowest in the LiCl group at 20 days and the highest in the Ovariectomy group at 30 days (p<0.05). At 10 days of healing, the LiCl group demonstrated stronger staining for all bone markers when compared to the other groups, while the Ovariectomy group presented higher RANKL expression than that of the Control (p<0.05). LiCl enhanced bone healing in rats with estrogen deficiency, particularly in the initial healing phases. However, as data on the effects of lithium chloride on bone tissue are still preliminary, more studies related to its toxicity and protocol of administration are necessary before its application in clinical practice.
Future of Citizen Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training Responders in Hands-Only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation : Implications for the The Effectiveness of Ultrabrief and Brief Educational Videos for Training

American Heart Association. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 1941-7705. Online ISSN: 2011 Copyright © Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 72514 Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes is published by the American Heart Association. 7272 DOI: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.110. 959353 published online March 8, 2011; Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes Denninghoff, Vatsal Chikani, Paula R. Brazil, Bob Ramsey and Benjamin S. Abella Bentley J. Bobrow, Tyler F. Vadeboncoeur, Daniel W. Spaite, Jerald Potts, Kurt Future of Citizen Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training Responders in Hands-Only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation : Implications for the The Effectiveness of Ultrabrief and Brief Educational Videos for Training Lay on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located 353.DC1. html http://circoutcomes.ahajournals. org/content/suppl/2011/02/23/CIRCOUTCOMES.110. 959 Data Supplement (unedited) at: and date of initial publication. Citations to Advance online articles must include the digital object identifier (DOIs) establish publication priority; they are indexed by PubMed from initial publication. when available prior to final publication). Advance online articles are citable and have not yet appeared in the paper journal (edited, typeset versions may be posted Advance online articles have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but