Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated With the Appropriate Target Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Values in Patients With Primary Hypothyroidism Treated With Levothyroxine

Background: Hypothyroidism control is inadequate in up to 30-40% of patients. This study aimed to determine the control rate of primary hypothyroidism and the demographic and clinical factors associated with the hypothyroidism control. Methods: An observational and retrospective study was conducted between January 2014 and October 2015. Data were obtained from 174 medical records. Regarding hypothyroidism control analysis, patients were subdivided into two groups: the appropriate control group and the inappropriate control group. Autoimmune and post-surgical hypothyroidism secondary to benign nodular thyroid disease (BNTD) was classified as of benign etiology, and differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) as of malignant origin. Results: The majority of patients consisted of women (93.68%), with a mean age of 55.53 ± 14.13 years old. The most common etiology was of autoimmune origin (41.95%). Adequate control of hypothyroidism was found in 55.17% of patients. Patients who had longer disease duration (P = 0.002), who kept using the same brand of levothyroxine (P = 0.001) and who were non-smokers (P = 0.004) had better control, and hypothyroidism from benign etiology also tended to be associated with better control (P = 0.08). Conclusions: Primary hypothyroidism still has a high percentage of poor control seen worldwide, despite its relatively simple treatment. In this study, almost 50% of the patients had inadequate control of hypothyroidism. The factors associated with good control, both of benign and malignant origin, were related to the use of the same brand of levothyroxine and to not smoking, and the benign etiology group tended to correlate with better treatment control. J Endocrinol Metab. 2016;6(4):109-115 doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.14740/jem367w
LGBTI-Psychosocial Services and Support Adolescents and Young People in Gauteng, Pretoria South Africa: Profiling the Psychosocial Support Services of OUT (Servicing the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Community)

The lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) case study was undertaken by the National Population Unit (NPU) to assess the activities that is run by the organisation OUT. This study form part of 10 such studies with regard to youth which was undertaken by the NPU. The study made use of a mix method approach where the qualitative aspect was the dominant method. The main aim of the study was to assess how the organisation OUT provide Psychosocial Support Services to the (LGBTI) community including HIV counselling, general lifestyle counselling as well as advice and support. This programme focuses on the psychosocial well-being of LGBTI individuals and communities. This psychosocial support services forms part of the mission and vision of OUT. The study found that LGBTI individuals still experience stigma and discrimination although the South African constitution and Bill of Rights ensure the protection of the rights of all South African citizens. The study made some recommendations in this regard.
12 ELECTRICAL FUNCTION MONITORING

The goals of electrophysiological monitoring are to provide a continuous, objective and readily interpretable measure of brain function in the comatose head-injured patient. As with any monitoring system, one would like to detect potentially serious complications and intervene before they result in permanent morbidity or mortality. Information about the localization of focal lesions would also be helpful, although this has decreased in importance since the advent of modern radiological imaging studies (i.e. computed tomographic scanning and magnetic resonance imaging). Another potential use of electrical function monitoring is the measurement of the therapeutic efficacy of new drugs or other therapies for head injury. Ideally one would be able to determine in the acute phase whether the agent was exerting the hoped-for beneficial effects, obviating the requirement of waiting weeks or months for the standard clinical outcome measures. Eventually one might be able to titrate therapy based on real-time neurophysiological response, in a similar way as is currently done in respiratory and cardiovascular intensive care. The monitored parameter or function should ideally have low variability, so that a change over some period of time indicates some real change in cerebral function rather than normal random physiological variability, yet should be sensitive enough to detect change sufficiently early to allow treatment to be rendered in a timely fashion. The monitored function should also be relatively resistant to the effects of typical sedative and analgesic drugs, used in customary dosages. As will be seen, the sensitivity of monitored responses to sedative and analgesic medications varies widely among electrophysiological measures. The interpretability and ease of use of the measured parameter is a function of the volume and complexity of information generated. A monitoring technique that yields an overwhelming amount of information will not be practical to use; nor will one that produces information that is only meaningful to experts trained in electrophysiology. To be clinically useful in a monitoring application, the information must be easily interpretable by nurses and non-expert medical personnel. These issues have started to be addressed within the last few years.
Cancer preventive effects of tocopherols in dietary carcinogen-induced colon and prostate carcinogenesis models

OF THE DISSERTATION . ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv TABLE OF CONTENTS . vii LIST OF TABLES . x LIST OF FIGURES . xi CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1. Colorectal Cancer . 3 1.1.1 Disease Etiology and Risk Factors . 3 1.1.2 Histopathologic and Molecular Pathogenesis . 4 1.1.3 Rodent Models for CRC . 7 1.2 Prostate Cancer . 11 1.2.1 Disease Etiology and Risk Factors . 11 1.2.2 Histopathologic and Molecular Pathogenesis . 12 1.2. 3 Rodent Models for Prostate Cancer . 14 1.3 Cancer Prevention & Vitamin E. 19 1.3. 1 Colorectal Cancer Prevention by Tocopherols . 21 1.3. 2 Prostate Cancer Prevention by Tocopherols . 22 1.3. 3 Mechanisms of Tocopherols Cancer Prevention . 25 1.4. Research Objective and Hypothesis . 30 CHAPTER 2: PHIP/DSS-INDUCED COLON CARCINOGENESIS IN CYP1AHUMANIZED MICE AND THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF LGR5+ STEM CELLS . 36 2.1 Abstract . 37 2.2 Introduction . 40
Snakes: from Graceful to Harmonious

A vertex labeling is an assignment of integers to the vertices of a graph, subject to certain conditions. Graceful and harmonious labelings are among the most studied labelings. Suppose that G is a graph of order m and size n. The graph G is said to be graceful if there is an injection f : V (G) → {0, 1, . , n} such that, when each edge uv of G has assigned the weight |f(u) − f(v)|, the resulting weights are distinct [14]. Similarly, when m ≤ n, the graph G is said to be harmonious if there is an injection f : V (G) → Zn such that, when each edge uv of G has assigned the weight f(u)+f(v) (mod n), the resulting weights are distinct [10]. In this paper we present a method that allows us to transform a special kind of graceful labeling into a harmonious labeling for four families of graphs that are constructed using cells isomorphic to the cycle C4; thus we prove that all quadrilateral snakes, all snake polyominoes, all hybrid quadrilateral snakes, and all straight simple polyominal caterpillars are harmonious graphs. BULLETIN OF THE ICA Volume 79 (2017), Pages 95–107
Generative versus Discriminative Models for Statistical Left-Corner Parsing

We propose two statistical left-corner parsers and investigate their accuracy at varying speeds. The parser based on a generative probability model achieves state-of-the-art accuracy when sufficient time is available, but when high speed is required the parser based on a discriminative probability model performs better. Neural network probability estimation is used to handle conditioning on both the unbounded parse histories and the unbounded lookahead strings.
Two extended Euler functions with applications to latin squares and bases of finite field extensions

We discuss two extensions of Euler phi functions, one old and one new. We first describe an extension, due originally to Schemmel, of the Euler φ function from elementary number theory. We then present an application of this extended function to the construction of uniform cyclic neofields, which are themselves useful in the construction of sets of latin squares having very uniform orthogonality properties. Next, we extend in an analogous way the polynomial Euler Φ function, which is used in the study of polynomials over finite fields. Finally, we study the relationship of our polynomial Euler function to normal bases in the finite field Fpn where p is an odd prime. 1 An extended Euler phi function The Euler phi function φ(n) of elementary number theory counts the number of positive integers less than a positive integer n which are relatively
Role of MAP3K1 in Ocular Surface Development

I Acknowledgements . IV List of Tables . VIII Table of Figures . IX Abbreviations . XI Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Mammalian embryogenesis . 1 Eyelid morphogenesis . 3 The developmental roles of eyelid closure . 8 Is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) a developmental toxicant of the eyelid? 9 Chapter 2: Epithelial sheet movement requires the cooperation of c-Jun and MAP3K1 . 23 Abstract . 23 Introduction . 23 Results . 25 Discussion . 31 Materials and methods . 35 Acknowledgements . 38 Chapter 3: Dioxin disrupts morphogenetic programs through the MAP3K1-AHR axis . 50 Abstract . 50 Introduction . 51 Results . 52 Discussion . 58
Digital Transformation of Manufacturing Record Books - an Ontology-based Case Study (short paper)

Manufacturers in the oil and gas industry face increasing documentation requirements of assets for compliance, quality assurance and contractual purposes. The documentation includes hundreds of documents for each asset that are compiled into a Manufacturer Record Book (MRB) to be delivered with the asset. The MRB is created by collecting all necessary documents and storing them in the MRB as scanned copies in PDF format. Creating an MRB is a cumbersome, error-prone and time-consuming activity. Using an MRB in PDF format is equally hard as it requires humans to search and extract data. Several initiatives have been undertaken by joint industrial projects and standardization agencies to represent the documents by their data in a language understandable to computers and humans. It has been proven that ontologies are effective tools in digitalization by making data from diverse sources interoperable. This paper presents a case study of MRB digitalization for CodeIT, a company developing software solutions for industrial applications. The focus is on creating an ontology for a welding certificate, following an Extract-Transform-Load (ETL) procedure that extracts data from a welding certificate in PDF format and uses the ontology for transforming the data into subject-predicate-object triples in a Resource Description Framework (RDF) model. The results demonstrate the applicability of ontologies for digital transformations.
DSSPS: A Data Sharing Security Protection Scheme Based on Consortium Blockchain and Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption

Data sharing plays an important role in the development of the Internet, and it is widely used in various fields. This paper focuses on the security issues in the process of data sharing, combined with blockchain and access control technology, a data sharing security protection scheme (DSSPS) based on consortium chain and Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) is proposed, and a resource sharing platform (RSPL) is designed. The scheme first classifies and stores data by setting up a double-chain architecture (record chain, and log chain) based on the consortium chain and three databases (attribute database, file database and index database); secondly, CP-ABE is used to control access to shared files. Achieve fine-grained access control and secure sharing. Finally, the security of the scheme is analyzed.
A Robust Method for Lane Detection under Adverse Weather and Illumination Conditions Using Convolutional Neural Network

Every year thousands of people lose their lives due to traffic accidents. Road accidents, especially the ones on the highways are the most fatal ones. Accidents not only cut peoples' lives short but also cause intense financial loss to the country. Many people who survive disastrous accidents are often left with critical injury or paralysis. Particularly in Bangladesh majority of the drivers are minimally educated. They do not have sufficient knowledge and tend to ignore the traffic rules often. As a result the roads are filled with careless drivers. Consequently most of the accidents on the highways and city roads occur due to the lack of awareness of the drivers. Additionally, many of the roads are poorly lit which makes it difficult to drive in unfavorable weather. An autonomous lane detection system can play an important role as a solution to the problem by assisting the driver in seeing the lane clearly. It can also generate warning to the driver in case of an unintentional or incorrect change in lane to avoid accidents. The lane detection method can be further developed to traffic sign and pedestrian detection and eventually a self-driving vehicle. In this study a robust lane detection method using deep learning has been proposed which can detect lanes in various weather and lighting situations. The proposed system has been compared to other baselines in related field demonstrates high accuracy and real time performance.
Prolamin Content and Grain Weight in RNAi Silenced Wheat Lines Under Different Conditions of Temperature and Nitrogen Availability

Temperature and nitrogen (N) availability are two important environmental factors that may produce important changes in grain composition during grain filling of bread wheat. In this study, four wheat lines with the down-regulation of gliadins by means of RNA interference (RNAi) have been characterized to determine the effect of thermal stress and N availability on grain weight and quality; with focus on gliadin and glutenin protein fractions. Grain weight was reduced with heat stress (HS) in all RNAi lines, whereas gliadin content was increased in the wild-types. With respect to gliadin content, RNAi lines responded to HS and N availability differently from their respective wild-types, except for ω-gliadin content, indicating a very clear stability of silencing under different environmental conditions. In a context of increased temperature and HS events, and in environments with different N availability, the RNAi lines with down-regulated gliadins seem well suited for the production of wheat grain with low gliadin content.
Progressive 3D Printing Technology and Its Application in Medical Materials

Three-dimensional (3D) printing enables patient-specific anatomical level productions with high adjustability and resolution in microstructures. With cost-effective manufacturing for high productivity, 3D printing has become a leading healthcare and pharmaceutical manufacturing technology, which is suitable for variety of applications including tissue engineering models, anatomical models, pharmacological design and validation model, medical apparatus and instruments. Today, 3D printing is offering clinical available medical products and platforms suitable for emerging research fields, including tissue and organ printing. In this review, our goal is to discuss progressive 3D printing technology and its application in medical materials. The additive overview also provides manufacturing techniques and printable materials.
How Is Ethical Leadership Linked to Subordinate Taking Charge? A Moderated Mediation Model of Social Exchange and Power Distance

Extant literature has suggested that leadership styles have a significant impact on subordinate taking charge. However, the effect of ethical leadership on subordinate taking charge is still insufficiently explored. Drawing on social exchange theory, we developed a moderated mediation model in which social exchange was theorized as a mediating mechanism underlining why subordinates feel motivated to take charge with the supervision of ethical leadership. Moreover, power distance was supposed to be a relevant boundary condition to moderate such a relationship. Two hundred thirty-nine independent leader–subordinate dyads in China were used to test the model. Results showed that subordinates’ social exchange mediates the relationship between ethical leadership and subordinate taking charge, and such a relationship was found to be stronger among subordinates who had lower levels of power distance rather than higher levels. Theoretical and practical implications concerning enhancement of subordinate taking charge in organizations where ethical leaderships exist are discussed.
Inactivation of Glutamine Synthetase-Coding Gene glnA Increases Susceptibility to Quinolones Through Increasing Outer Membrane Protein F in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi

Ciprofloxacin is the choice treatment for infections caused by Salmonella Typhi, however, reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin has been reported for this pathogen. Considering the decreased approbation of new antimicrobials and the crisis of resistance, one strategy to combat this problem is to find new targets that enhances the antimicrobial activity for approved antimicrobials. In search of mutants with increased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin; 3,216 EZ-Tn5 transposon mutants of S. Typhi were screened. S. Typhi zxx::EZ-Tn5 mutants susceptible to ciprofloxacin were confirmed by agar diffusion and MIC assays. The genes carrying EZ-Tn5 transposon insertions were sequenced. Null mutants of interrupted genes, as well as inducible genetic constructs, were produced using site-directed mutagenesis, to corroborate phenotypes. SDS-PAGE and Real-time PCR were used to evaluate the expression of proteins and genes, respectively. Five mutants with increased ciprofloxacin susceptibility were found in the screening. The first confirmed mutant was the glutamine synthetase-coding gene glnA. Analysis of outer membrane proteins revealed increased OmpF, a channel for the influx of ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid, in the glnA mutant. Expression of ompF increased four times in the glnA null mutant compared to WT strain. To understand the relationship between the expression of glnA and ompF, a strain with the glnA gene under control of the tetracycline-inducible Ptet promoter was created, to modulate glnA expression. Induction of glnA decreased expression of ompF, at the same time that reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Expression of sRNA MicF, a negative regulator of OmpF was reduced to one-fourth in the glnA mutant, compared to WT strain. In addition, expression of glnL and glnG genes (encoding the two-component system NtrC/B that may positively regulate OmpF) were increased in the glnA mutant. Further studies indicate that deletion of glnG decreases susceptibility to CIP, while deletion of micF gene increases susceptibility CIP. Our findings indicate that glnA inactivation promotes ompF expression, that translates into increased OmpF protein, facilitating the entry of ciprofloxacin, thus increasing susceptibility to ciprofloxacin through 2 possible mechanisms.
Comparisons of In Vivo and In Vitro Opioid Effects of Newly Synthesized 14-Methoxycodeine-6-O-sulfate and Codeine-6-O-sulfate

The present work represents the in vitro (potency, affinity, efficacy) and in vivo (antinociception, constipation) opioid pharmacology of the novel compound 14-methoxycodeine-6-O-sulfate (14-OMeC6SU), compared to the reference compounds codeine-6-O-sulfate (C6SU), codeine and morphine. Based on in vitro tests (mouse and rat vas deferens, receptor binding and [35S]GTPγS activation assays), 14-OMeC6SU has µ-opioid receptor-mediated activity, displaying higher affinity, potency and efficacy than the parent compounds. In rats, 14-OMeC6SU showed stronger antinociceptive effect in the tail-flick assay than codeine and was equipotent to morphine, whereas C6SU was less efficacious after subcutaneous (s.c.) administration. Following intracerebroventricular injection, 14-OMeC6SU was more potent than morphine. In the Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia, 14-OMeC6SU and C6SU in s.c. doses up to 6.1 and 13.2 µmol/kg, respectively, showed peripheral antihyperalgesic effect, because co-administered naloxone methiodide, a peripherally acting opioid receptor antagonist antagonized the measured antihyperalgesia. In addition, s.c. C6SU showed less pronounced inhibitory effect on the gastrointestinal transit than 14-OMeC6SU, codeine and morphine. This study provides first evidence that 14-OMeC6SU is more effective than codeine or C6SU in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, despite C6SU peripheral antihyperalgesic effects with less gastrointestinal side effects the superiority of 14-OMeC6SU was obvious throughout the present study.
Elucidating the roles of solubility and ventilation-perfusion mismatch in the second gas effect using a two-step model of gas exchange.

The second gas effect occurs when high inspired concentrations of a first gas, usually nitrous oxide, enhance the uptake of other gases administered simultaneously. The second gas effect is greater in blood than in the gas phase; persists well into the period of nitrous oxide maintenance anesthesia; increases as the degree of ventilation-perfusion mismatch increases; and is most pronounced with the low soluble agents in current use. Yet, how low gas solubility and increased ventilation-perfusion mismatch can combine to improve gas transfer remains unclear, which is the focus of the present study. Specifically, we have used a two-step model of steady-state gas exchange to separate the effect of gas volume contraction, which accompanies the first gas uptake, from other factors. Step 1 involves the uptake of the second gas at constant volume. Contraction of gas volume takes place in step 2 and is most effective in transferring further amounts of gas to blood if the volume of second gas exposed to the contraction is maximized, i.e. if the loss of second gas in step 1 is minimized. Minimization depends on having a gas with a low solubility in blood and increases as the degree of ventilation-perfusion mismatch increases. The effectiveness of the contraction also requires a favorable alignment with the retained second gas. Alignment depends on the solubility of both gases and the degree of ventilation-perfusion mismatch. The model is fully consistent with the classical concepts of gas exchange.