Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Resource Allocation in Cloud Computing Based on Software-Defined Networking Framework

cloud computing has become more powerful with the inclusion of software-defined networking (SDN) in its environment. In Cloud Data Centers (CDCs), an important research issue is how to forecast and allocate resources efficiently whilst achieving Quality of Service (QoS) of users request with minimal overall power consumption; taking into account the frequent changes in resource requirements. In this paper, we propose a Supervisor Controller-based Software-Defined Cloud Data Center (SC-boSD-CDC) framework for dynamic resource allocation and prediction of cloud computing-based SDN. In this proposed module, Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed to deal with the multi-objective problem of dynamically forecasting the utilization of resources in both compute nodes and links bandwidth of network as well as energy consumption in the Cloud Data Center (CDC). Furthermore, a Virtual Machines (VMs) placement algorithm is also proposed to allocate computing resources and routing algorithms to choose the proper bandwidth links between switches; resulting in increased CPU and memory utilization and reduction in overall power consumption.
Adhesion performance of UHMWPE fiber treated with polyethylene wax grafted methyl methacrylate alone or in conjunction with silane coupling agent

Abstract To improve the interfacial adhesion between ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber and epoxy resin, the fiber were treated with polyethylene wax grafted methyl methacrylate (PEW-g-PMMA) alone or in combination with silane coupling agent. The factors affecting the interfacial bond property of fiber, e.g. grafting rate, coating temperature, concentration of silane coupling agent were studied. The single-fiber pull-out tests showed that compared with the pristine UHMWPE fiber, the pull-out strength of 9 wt% PEW-g-PMMA treated fiber had increased by 45.11%, and the pull-out strength of 9 wt% PEW-g-PMMA/12 wt% silane coupling agent treated fiber had increased by 77.97%. The pull-out strength of fiber increased with the increase of temperature and grafting rate. Infrared analysis indicated that several polar groups were introduced onto the fiber surface through coating treatment. SEM analysis showed that the surface of treated fibers became rougher. Contact angle tests manifested that the functional coating was conductive to improve the wettability of fiber. Tensile testing and XRD results showed that the processing procedure almost had no effect on the crystallinity and mechanical properties of UHMWPE fibers. Finite element analysis showed that the presence of functional coating can improve the ability of the interface to resist damage.
A Pilot Study on Zinc Isotopic Compositions in Shallow‐Water Coral Skeletons

The trace metal element zinc (Zn) participates in coral metabolic processes and therefore accumulates in their skeletons. These metabolic processes are largely controlled by the changes of environment in which they live, so Zn isotopic compositions (δ66Zn) in coral skeletons may possibly serve as potential tracers for climate and environmental changes. In this study, we first reported the δ66Zn in shallow‐water coral skeletons by investigating with monthly resolution δ66Zn values in the skeleton of a modern Porites coral 10AR2 from the Great Barrier Reef of Australia, and the bulk skeletal δ66Zn values of several coral species from the Luhuitou Reef of Hainan Island in the northern South China Sea. Correlations between δ66Zn and other climate and environmental proxies (Sr/Ca, δ18O, and δ13C) and instrumental environmental variables (sea surface temperature, river runoff, and chlorophyll a) are poor, suggesting that the effects of external environmental changes on monthly variations in δ66Zn in coral skeletons are not significant. However, significant interspecific differences in the skeletal δ66Zn of corals growing under identical external environments may suggest the occurrence of biologically controlled δ66Zn fractionation during coral skeletons formation. In addition, the monthly δ66Zn in the 10AR2 coral skeleton roughly decreases with increasing temperature, which is in agreement with the recent finding that δ66Zn in coral tissues and zooxanthellae increases with increasing temperature and can serve as a proxy for thermal stress in corals. We thus suggest that the complicated coral internal biological processes hinder the use of skeletal δ66Zn as a climate and environmental proxy.
Nanofabrication in cellular engineering

Biological cells are strongly influenced by the topography of the surface on which they live, both in cell culture and in an animal. They are guided along micron sized grooves and change their shape becoming more elongated. On the other hand, cells do not adhere to surfaces that are covered in small nanometrically sized pillars. These effects can be used for cellular engineering purposes to determine the behavior of cells and in particular to make prostheses for medical purposes. The differences in micro and nanofabrication techniques necessary to adapt normal semiconductor technology for these purposes are discussed. Patterning of plastics using mechanical methods (embossing and molding) is shown to have excellent resolution, can be used on biodegradable material and a large enough area of patterned material can be produced at a reasonable cost. An application of this technology to the repair of broken tendons is discussed in some detail. It is shown that a biodegradable membrane patterned by embossing w.
Preparation of Cubic Boron Nitride Films by RF Sputtering

Cubic boron nitride (c-BN) films have been prepared by sputtering of a hexagonal BN sintered target under a negative self-bias voltage applied to Si substrates and a sputtering gas composition of Ar/N2. A c-BN phase was found to be contained only in the films prepared in pure Ar discharge with a negative self-bias above a threshold value. Moreover, the ratio of c-BN to hexagonal boron nitride increased with increasing negative self-bias voltage. The films consisting mainly of the c-BN phase were easily peeled from Si substrates on exposure to air because of their strong compressive stress.
Multistate vibronic interactions in the benzene radical cation. II. Quantum dynamical simulations

The multistate vibronic dynamics in the X 2E1g-Ẽ 2B2u electronic states of the benzene radical cation is investigated theoretically by an ab initio quantum-dynamical approach. The vibronic coupling scheme and the ab initio values of the system parameters are adopted from the previous Paper I. Vibronic line spectra are obtained with the Lanczos procedure. Extensive calculations on wave-packet propagation have been performed with the aid of the multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree method. Up to five coupled electronic potential energy surfaces and 13 vibrational degrees of freedom have been included in these calculations. As a result, the impact of a third electronic state (X or B) on a strongly coupled manifold (B-C or D-Ẽ states) is quantitatively assessed. It leads to a restructuring of the spectral envelope which is stronger for the B-D-Ẽ than for the X-B-C system. The internal conversion dynamics is characterized by a stepwise transfer of electronic population to the lowest electronic s.
Nanostructure Formation Of Inorganic Materials From The Self-Assembly Of Highly Amphiphilic Block Copolymers

Crystalline transition metal oxides with controlled mesopore architectures are in increasing demand to enhance the performance of energy conversion and storage devices. Solvent evaporation induced block copolymer coassembly routes to achieve ordered mesoporous and crystalline titania have been studied for more than a decade, but have thus far mostly been limited to water and alcohol dispersible polymers. This constraint has limited the demonstrated structures to have small dimensions and few morphologies. We present solubility design guidelines that facilitate coassembly with highly amphiphilic block copolymers, enabling the formation of ordered structures with diverse length scales (d10=13.8-63.0 nm) and bulk-type morphologies. Thus highly ordered and crystalline titania with the largest reported cylindrical pores (d=32.3 nm) was demonstrated for such a coassembly approach without the use of pore-expanders. Furthermore, the use of an ABC triblock terpolymer system lead to a 3D ordered network morphology. In all cases, subsequent calcination treatments, such as the CASH procedure, enabled the formation of highly crystalline mesoporous materials while preserving the mesostructure. Introduction Over the past two decades significant advances have been made in the fabrication of
An endangered flightless grasshopper with strong genetic structure maintains population genetic variation despite extensive habitat loss

Abstract Conservation research is dominated by vertebrate examples but the shorter generation times and high local population sizes of invertebrates may lead to very different management strategies, particularly for species with low movement rates. Here we investigate the genetic structure of an endangered flightless grasshopper, Keyacris scurra, which was used in classical evolutionary studies in the 1960s. It had a wide distribution across New South Wales (NSW) and Victoria in pre‐European times but has now become threatened because of land clearing for agriculture and other activities. We revisited remnant sites of K. scurra, with populations now restricted to only one area in Victoria and a few small patches in NSW and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). Using DArtseq to generate SNP markers as well as mtDNA sequence data, we show that the remaining Victorian populations in an isolated valley are genetically distinct from the NSW populations and that all populations tend to be genetically unique, with large F ST values up to 0.8 being detected for the SNP datasets. We also find that, with one notable exception, the NSW/ACT populations separate genetically into previously described chromosomal races (2n = 15 vs. 2n = 17). Isolation by distance was detected across both the SNP and mtDNA datasets, and there was substantial differentiation within chromosomal races. Genetic diversity as measured by heterozygosity was not correlated with the size of remaining habitat where the populations were found, with high variation present in some remnant cemetery sites. However, inbreeding correlated negatively with estimated habitat size at 25–500 m patch radius. These findings emphasize the importance of small habitat areas in conserving genetic variation in such species with low mobility, and they highlight populations suitable for future translocation efforts.
Patient Specific Brain Tumor Segmentation using Context Sensitive Feature Extraction in MR Images

Brain tumor is a serious problem when it is not diagnosed. Different levels of tumors are identified this decade. The severity of tumor can be reduced if it is identified in its early stage. The most important challenge of identifying tumor is its shape and location in the brain tissue. This paper proposes different technique for extracting features for identifying the tumor by reducing the computation time. The identified features are classified using Random Forest classifier. Our proposed framework is experimented on a challenging BRATS 2015 dataset. The investigational results obtained by the proposed method shows better in terms of qualitative metrics such as Dice Score, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Sensitivity with a little reduction in computation time when compared to other recent methods.
SCOPE 2.0: A model to simulate vegetated land surface fluxes and
satellite signals

Abstract. The Soil Canopy Observation of Photosynthesis and Energy fluxes (SCOPE) model aims at linking satellite observations in the visible, infrared and thermal domains with land surface processes in a physically based manner, and quantifying the micro-climate in the canopy. It simulates radiative transfer in the soil, leaves and vegetation canopies, as well as photosynthesis and non-radiative heat dissipation through convection and mechanical turbulence. Since the first publication 11 years ago, SCOPE has been applied in remote sensing studies of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), energy balance fluxes, gross primary productivity (GPP) and directional thermal signals. Here we present a thoroughly revised version, SCOPE 2.0, which features a number of new elements: (1) It enables the definition of layers consisting of leaves with different properties, thus enabling the simulation of vegetation with an understory or with a vertical gradient in leaf chlorophyll concentration; (2) It enables the simulation of soil reflectance; (3) It includes the simulation of leaf and canopy reflectance changes induced by the xanthophyll cycle; and (4) The computation speed has been reduced by 90 % compared to earlier versions due to a fundamental optimization of the model. These new features improve the capability of the model to represent complex canopies and to explore the response of remote sensing signals to vegetation physiology. The improvements in the computational efficiency make it possible to use SCOPE 2.0 routinely for the simulation of satellite data and land surface fluxes. It also strengthens the operability for the numerical retrieval of land surface products from satellite or airborne data.
Method-Level Bug Localization: A Hybrid Multi-objective Search Approach

Context: One of the time-consuming maintenance tasks is the localization of bugs especially in large software systems. Developers have to follow a tedious process to reproduce the abnormal behavior then inspect a large number of ﬁles. While several studies have been proposed for bugs localization, the majority of them are recommending classes/ﬁles as outputs which may still require high inspection eﬀort. Furthermore, there is a signiﬁcant diﬀerence between the natural language used in bug reports and the programming language which limits the eﬃciency of existing approaches since most of them are mainly based on lexical similarity. Objective: Inthispaper, weproposeanautomatedapproachtoﬁndandrankthepotentialmethods in order to localize the source of a bug based on a bug report description. Method: Our approach ﬁnds a good balance between minimizing the number of recommended classes and maximizing the relevance of the proposed solution using a hybrid multi-objective optimization algorithm combining local and global search. The relevance of the recommended code fragments is estimated based on the use of the history of changes and bug-ﬁxing, and the lexical similarity between the bug report description and the API documentation. Our approach operates on two main steps. The ﬁrst step is to ﬁnd the best set of classes satisfying the two conﬂicting criteria of relevance and the number of classes to recommend using a global search based on NSGA-II. The second step is to locate the most appropriate methods to inspect, using a local multi-objective search based on Simulated Annealing (MOSA) from the list of classes recommended by the ﬁrst step. Results: We evaluated our system on 6 open source Java projects, using the version of the project before ﬁxing the bug of many bug reports. Our hybrid multi-objective approach is able to successfully locate the true buggy methods within the top 10 recommendations for over 78% of the bug reports leading to a signiﬁcant reduction of developers’ eﬀort comparing to class-level bug localization techniques. Conclusion: The experimental results show that the search-based approach signiﬁcantly outperforms four state-of-the-art methods in recommending relevant ﬁles for bug reports.
An urban large-eddy-based dispersion model for marginal grid
resolutions: CAIRDIO v1.0

Abstract. The capability for high spatial resolutions is an important feature of accurate numerical models dedicated to simulate the large spatial variability of urban air pollution. On the one hand, the well established mesoscale chemistry transport models have their obvious short-comings attributed to their extensive use of paramterizations. On the other hand, obstacle resolving computational fluid dynamic models, while accurate, still often demand too high computational costs, to be applied on a regular and holistic basis. The major reason for the inflated numerical costs is the required horizontal resolution to meaningfully apply the obstacle discretization, which is most often based on boundary-fitted grids, like e.g. the marker-and-cell method. Here we present a large-eddy-simulation approach that uses diffusive obstacle boundaries, which are derived from a simplified diffusive interface approach for moving obstacles. The diffusive interface approach is well established in two-phase modeling, but to the author’s knowledge has not been applied in urban boundary layer simulations so far. Our dispersion model is capable of representing buildings over a wide range of spatial resolutions, including marginally coarse resolutions inaccessible for standard methods. This opens up a very promising opportunity for application of accurate air quality simulations and forecasts on entire mid-sized city domains. Furthermore, our approach is capable of incorporating the influence of the land orography by the additional optional use of terrain-following coordinates. We validated the dynamic core against a set of numerical benchmarks and a standard high-quality wind-tunnel data set for dispersion-model evaluation.
Discussion on Coupling Effect in Structural Load of FOWT for Condensing Wind and Wave Bins for Spectral Fatigue Analysis

Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWTs) are subject to combined wind and wave loads. The response is not given as a simple sum of the wind-only response and wave-only response due to nonlinear coupling effects, which makes the structural analysis more complex and time-consuming. When a spectral approach for the structural fatigue analysis is considered, it is necessary to accurately estimate the variance of the combined stress taking account of the coupling effect. In this study, firstly the characteristics of the combined response are investigated. It is found out the coupling effects are two-fold; one is the aerodynamic exciting load increase for the forced motion in the wave frequency range. The other is the aerodynamic damping effect due to the increase of the relative wind speed, which is prominent in the structural vibration frequency range. Mathematical models to account for these coupling effects are developed. Then, a series of simulations are performed on three types of FOWTs to validate the models. It is shown that the characteristics of the combined response are different among the three types of the platforms and the developed model can explain the increase/decrease of the variance of the combined stress when compared with two decoupled wave-only and wind-only simulations.
Hybrid fluidic actuation for a foam-based soft actuator

Actuation means for soft robotic structures are manifold: despite actuation mechanisms such as tendon-driven manipulators or shape memory alloys, the majority of soft robotic actuators are fluidically actuated - either purely by positive or negative air pressure or by hydraulic actuation only. This paper presents the novel idea of employing hybrid fluidic - hydraulic and pneumatic - actuation for soft robotic systems. The concept and design of the hybrid actuation system as well as the fabrication of the soft actuator are presented: Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) foam is embedded inside a casted, reinforced silicone chamber. A hydraulic and pneumatic robotic syringe pump are connected to the base and top of the soft actuator. We found that a higher percentage of hydraulics resulted in a higher output force. Hydraulic actuation further is able to change displacements at a higher rate compared to pneumatic actuation. Changing between Hydraulic:Pneumatic (HP) ratios shows how stiffness properties of a soft actuator can be varied.
The Track and Accompanying Sea Wave Forecasts of the Supertyphoon Mangkhut (2018) by a Real-Time Regional Forecast System

The track and accompanying sea wave forecasts of Typhoon Mangkhut (2018) by a real-time regional forecasting system are assessed in this study. The real-time regional forecasting system shows a good track forecast skill with a mean error of 69.9 km for the forecast period of 1–72 h. In particular, it predicted well the landfall location on the coastal island of South China with distance (time) biases of 76.89 km (3 h) averaging over all forecasting made during 1–72 h and only 3.55 km (1 h) for the forecasting initialized 27 h ahead of the landfall. The sea waves induced by Mangkhut (2018) were also predicted well by the wave model of the forecasting system with a mean error of 0.54 m and a mean correlation coefficient up to 0.94 for significant wave height. Results from sensitivity experiments show that the improvement of track forecasting skill for Mangkhut (2018) are mainly attributed to application of a scale-selective data assimilation scheme in the atmosphere model that helps to maintain a more realistic large-scale flow obtained from the GFS forecasts, whereas the air–sea coupling has slightly negative impact on the track forecast skill.
Predicting Variable Contributing Areas, Hydrological Connectivity, and Solute Transport Pathways for a Canadian Prairie Basin

In cold agricultural regions, seasonal snowmelt over frozen soils provides the primary source of runoff and transports large nutrient loads downstream. The postglacial landscape of the Canadian Prairies and Northern Plains of the United States creates challenges for hydrological and water quality modeling. Here, the application of conventional hydrological models is problematic because of cold regions hydrological and chemical processes, the lack of fluvially eroded drainage systems, large noncontributing areas to streamflow and level topography. A new hydrodynamic model was developed to diagnose overland flow from snowmelt in this situation. The model was used to calculate the effect of variable contributing areas on (1) hydrological connectivity and the development of (2) tipping points in streamflow generation and (3) predominant chemical transport pathways. The agricultural Steppler Basin in Manitoba, Canada, was used to evaluate the model and diagnose snowmelt runoff. Relationships were established between contributing area and (1) snowmelt runoff intensity, (2) seasonal snowmelt volumes and duration, and (3) inundated, active and connected areas. Variations in the contributing area depended on terrain and snowmelt characteristics including wind redistribution of snow. Predictors of hydrological response and the size of the contributing area were developed which can be used in larger scale hydrological models of similar regions