Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stimulants, neuroleptics, and children's friendship training for children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

BACKGROUND Peer relationship problems are a significant part of the clinical presentation of children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Many of these children have been prescribed psychotropic medications by community practitioners. The present study reports on the interaction between medication status and parent and teacher-reported outcomes for parent-assisted Children's Friendship Training (CFT). METHODS Seventy seven children (40 boys and 37 girls, age range was 71-139 months) diagnosed with FASD were given 12 sessions of CFT. Parent- and teacher-reported social outcomes were compared across four subgroups of children who were prescribed either stimulant or neuroleptic medication, neither or both types of medications. RESULTS According to parent and teacher reports, children prescribed neuroleptic medication showed greater improvement on all outcome measures when compared to children not prescribed neuroleptics. In contrast, children prescribed stimulant medication either failed to show improvement or showed poorer outcomes when compared to children not prescribed stimulants. IMPLICATIONS Children with FASD frequently present with symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity. The present results suggest physicians routinely ask about prenatal alcohol exposure as part of history taking to treat children more effectively who appear to be displaying attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomatology but who may have FASD.
Increased platelet aggregation response in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with mitral valve prolapse.

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a fundamental feature of myxomatous mitral valve disease in the dog. In humans, primary MVP is associated with increased platelet reactivity. In Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS), a breed predisposed to myxomatous mitral valve disease, there is a high prevalence of hypomagnesemia and platelet anomalies, such as thrombocytopenia and macrothrombocytosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate platelet aggregation responses in CKCS and to determine the relationship between the platelet aggregation response and serum magnesium concentration, MVP, mitral regurgitation (MR), and platelet count. In 19 CKCS with MVP and 7 control dogs (not CKCS), the platelet aggregation response to 3 different agonists was compared. The CKCS with >100,000 platelets/microL (n = 10) had a significantly higher maximum aggregation response with regard to all tested agonists than the CKCS with <100,000 platelets/microL (n = 9) and control dogs (n = 7). The CKCS with <100,000 platelets/microL had a platelet aggregation response similar to the control dogs. There was no correlation between degree of MVP and platelet aggregation response. Platelet diameter increased (P = .006) and serum magnesium concentration decreased (P = .04) with lower platelet concentration. In conclusion, CKCS with MVP appeared to separate into 2 groups--1 group with <100,000 platelets/microL, normal platelet aggregation, low serum magnesium concentration, and enlarged platelets, and another group with >100,000 platelets/microL, increased platelet aggregation, and normal serum magnesium concentration and platelet size.
Acute excision or exposure treatment? Final results of a three-year randomized controlled clinical trial.

Which treatment, acute excision or exposure, is the method of choice in the treatment of patients with small, medium-sized or large burns, and superficial or deep burns respectively? In an attempt to give an answer to this question a Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial was carried out by the Burns Unit in Copenhagen. The RCCT consisted of all patients (570) admitted primarily for burn injuries over the 3-year period 1976-79. Patients who would be too difficult to compare were sorted out (unsuited for trial--421 patients). The remaining patients were stratified into two groups: group A = patients treated with excision of all burned areas (superficial dermal plus deep dermal plus subdermal burns) and grafted as quickly as possible after the accident, and consequently in the shock-phase (73 patients), and group E = patients treated with exposure until day 14 post-burn, at which time all non-spontaneously healed areas were excised and grafted (76 patients). The stratification was successful, and it was revealed that the two groups were comparable with regard to the extent and depth of the burn and the age of the patients. The following parameters were used: the crude mortality rate and the time and causes of death. The morbidity estimated by the kind and number of complications; especially the number of infected patients and the severity of the infections. The resource expenditure expressed in number of bed-days, duration of operations and amount of blood transfusions. Late results are described elsewhere. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Minimum Description Length, Regularization, and Multimodal Data

Relationships between clustering, description length, and regularization are pointed out, motivating the introduction of a cost function with a description length interpretation and the unusual and useful property of having its minimum approximated by the densest mode of a distribution. A simple inverse kinematics example is used to demonstrate that this property can be used to select and learn one branch of a multivalued mapping. This property is also used to develop a method for setting regularization parameters according to the scale on which structure is exhibited in the training data. The regularization technique is demonstrated on two real data sets, a classification problem and a regression problem.
Differentiation of lepidoptera scale cells from epidermal stem cells followed by ecdysone-regulated DNA duplication and scale secreting

ABSTRACT Integuments are the first line to protect insects from physical damage and pathogenic infection. In lepidopteran insects, they undergo distinct morphology changes such as scale formation during metamorphosis. However, we know little about integument development and scale formation during this stage. Here, we use the silkworm, Bombyx mori, as a model and show that stem cells in the integument of each segment, but not intersegmental membrane, divide into two scale precursor cells during the spinning stage. In young pupae, the scale precursor cell divides again. One of the daughter cells becomes a mature scale-secreting cell that undergoes several rounds of DNA duplication and the other daughter cell undergoes apoptosis later on. This scale precursor cell division is crucial to the development and differentiation of scale-secreting cells because scale production can be blocked after treatment with the cell division inhibitor paclitaxel. Subsequently, the growth of scale-secreting cells is under the control of 20-hydroxyecdysone but not juvenile hormone since injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone inhibited scale formation. Further work demonstrated that 20-hydroxyecdysone injection inhibits DNA duplication in scale-secreting cells while the expression of scale-forming gene ASH1 was down-regulated by BR-C Z2. Therefore, this research demonstrates that the scale cells of the silkworm develops through stem cell division prior to pupation and then another wave of cell division differentiates these cells into scale secreting cells soon after entrance into the pupal stage. Additionally, DNA duplication and scale production in the scale-secreting cells were found to be under the regulation of 20-hydroxyecdysone.
Use of pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic modelling for starting dose selection in first-in-human trials of high-risk biologics.

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT Recent regulatory guidance has highlighted the importance of using pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modelling in the selection of starting doses in first-in-human trials of high-risk biologics. However, limited examples exist in literature illustrating this procedure. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS An interpretation of the recommended dose-selection methodology and the minimum anticipated biological effect level (MABEL) principle, contained in the updated European Medicines Agency guidance on risk-mitigation strategies for first-in-human studies, is presented. Some literature and simulation-based examples of the application of PK-PD modelling principles to starting dose selection using in vitro and in vivo data under the MABEL paradigm are highlighted, along with the advantages and limitations of this approach. AIMS To illustrate the use of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) models to select rational starting doses in clinical trials within the minimum anticipated biological effect level (MABEL) principle using literature data and through simulations. METHODS The new European Medicines Agency guidance on starting dose selection of high-risk biologics was analysed considering the basic pharmacological properties and preclinical testing limitations of many biologics. The MABEL approach to dose selection was illustrated through simulations and through literature-reported examples on the selection of starting doses for biologics such as antibodies based on in vitro biomarker data, in vivo PK and PK-PD data. RESULTS Literature reports indicating the use of preclinical pharmacological and toxicological data to select successfully safe starting doses in line with the MABEL principle are summarized. PK-PD model-based simulations of receptor occupancy for an anti-IgE antibody system indicate that the relative abundance of IgE in animal models and patients and the turnover rate of the IgE-antibody complex relative to the off-rate of the antibody from IgE are important determinants of in vivo receptor occupancy. CONCLUSIONS Mechanistic PK-PD models are capable of integrating preclinical in vitro and in vivo data to select starting doses rationally in first-in-human trials. Biological drug-receptor interaction dynamics is complex and multiple factors affect the dose-receptor occupancy relationship. Thus, these factors should be taken into account when selecting starting doses.
Formaldehyde exposure alters miRNA expression profiles in the olfactory bulb

Abstract It has been reported that inhaling formaldehyde (FA) causes damage to the central nervous system. However, it is unclear whether FA can disturb the function of the olfactory bulb. Using a microarray, we found that FA inhalation altered the miRNA expression profile. Functional enrichment analysis of the predicted targets of the changed miRNA showed that the enrichment canonical pathways and networks associated with cancer and transcriptional regulation. FA exposure disrupts miRNA expression profiles within the olfactory bulb.
ECA3, a Golgi-Localized P2A-Type ATPase, Plays a Crucial Role in Manganese Nutrition in Arabidopsis1[C][W][OA]

Calcium (Ca) and manganese (Mn) are essential nutrients required for normal plant growth and development, and transport processes play a key role in regulating their cellular levels. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains four P2A-type ATPase genes, AtECA1 to AtECA4, which are expressed in all major organs of Arabidopsis. To elucidate the physiological role of AtECA2 and AtECA3 in Arabidopsis, several independent T-DNA insertion mutant alleles were isolated. When grown on medium lacking Mn, eca3 mutants, but not eca2 mutants, displayed a striking difference from wild-type plants. After approximately 8 to 9 d on this medium, eca3 mutants became chlorotic, and root and shoot growth were strongly inhibited compared to wild-type plants. These severe deficiency symptoms were suppressed by low levels of Mn, indicating a crucial role for ECA3 in Mn nutrition in Arabidopsis. eca3 mutants were also more sensitive than wild-type plants and eca2 mutants on medium lacking Ca; however, the differences were not so striking because in this case all plants were severely affected. ECA3 partially restored the growth defect on high Mn of the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) pmr1 mutant, which is defective in a Golgi Ca/Mn pump (PMR1), and the yeast K616 mutant (Δpmc1 Δpmr1 Δcnb1), defective in Golgi and vacuolar Ca/Mn pumps. ECA3 also rescued the growth defect of K616 on low Ca. Promoter:β-glucuronidase studies show that ECA3 is expressed in a range of tissues and cells, including primary root tips, root vascular tissue, hydathodes, and guard cells. When transiently expressed in Nicotiana tabacum, an ECA3-yellow fluorescent protein fusion protein showed overlapping expression with the Golgi protein GONST1. We propose that ECA3 is important for Mn and Ca homeostasis, possibly functioning in the transport of these ions into the Golgi. ECA3 is the first P-type ATPase to be identified in plants that is required under Mn-deficient conditions.
Artificial Chromosome-Transgenic Mice Not Its Nonapoptotic Functions in Bacterial Caspase-8 Compromises Its Apoptotic but Mutation of a Self-Processing Site in

Caspase-8, the proximal enzyme in the death-induction pathway of the TNF/nerve growth factor receptor family, is activated upon juxtaposition of its molecules within the receptor complexes and is then self-processed. Caspase-8 also contributes to the regulation of cell survival and growth, but little is known about the similarities or the differences between the mechanisms of these nonapoptotic functions and of the enzyme’s apoptotic activity. In this study, we report that in bacterial artiﬁcial chromosome-transgenic mice, in which the aspartate residue upstream of the initial self-processing site in caspase-8 (D387) was replaced by alanine, induction of cell death by Fas is compromised. However, in contrast to caspase-8-deﬁcient mice, which die in utero at mid-gestation, the mice mutated at D387 were born alive and seemed to develop normally. Moreover, mice with the D387A mutation showed normal in vitro growth responses of T lymphocytes to stimulation of their Ag receptor as well as of B lymphocytes to stimulation by LPS, normal differentiation of bone marrow macrophage precursors in response to M-CSF, and normal generation of myeloid colonies by the bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors, all of which are compromised in cells deﬁcient in caspase-8. These ﬁnding indicated that self-processing of activated caspase-8 is differentially involved in the different functions of this enzyme: it is needed for the induction of cell death through the extrinsic cell death pathway but not for nonapoptotic functions of caspase-8. The Journal of Immunology, 2008, 181: 2522–2532. “ex-trinsic cell death pathway”) and was also shown to serve various nonapoptotic functions that occur independently of the TNF/NGF receptor family. We report that in bacterial artiﬁcial chromosome (BAC)-transgenic mice whose caspase-8 gene is mutated at the site at which the enzyme’s self-processing is initiated, death induction by the death receptor Fas is compromised, whereas the mutation has no effect on a variety of the enzyme’s nonapoptotic functions. The D387 mutation does not affect the humoral response of the mice to foreign Ags or the clonal burst of their CTL upon LCMV infection
Antithrombin III in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Many of the serious, potentially fatal complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have similarities to the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in critically ill nontransplant patients. One of these similarities is the alteration in the hemostatic system in such a way as to lower the levels of the naturally occurring anticoagulant proteins, especially antithrombin III. As in MODS, the outcome of transplant patients with these complications correlates with the degree of change in antithrombin III levels. Preliminary studies suggest that antithrombin III concentrate in pharmacologic doses along with intensive supportive care efforts can improve the clinical outcome of patients with these transplant-related complications. Further work to confirm these findings and, it is hoped, provide insight into the mechanism of action of antithrombin III in this setting is obviously warranted. Until such studies are completed, however, the preponderance of evidence suggests that when subjected to a risk-benefit analysis, patients in the early stages of transplant-related complications would be better off receiving antithrombin III supplementation than not.
Tuberculosis among migrant farm workers.

To the Editor. — There were nearly 23 000 new cases of tuberculosis (TB) and more than 1600 TB deaths in the United States during 1987. 1 Althoughpotentially eradicable, 2 TB remains endemic in disadvantaged US populations such as migrant farm workers. Previous studies have shown the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to range from 37% to 48% among migrants working in Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. 3,4 We found an even higher prevalence of M tuberculosis infection among migrants in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, in 1988. Study. — For screening, we chose a convenience sample of migrants living in the two largest camps. Of the 138 camp residents, 78 (57%) were interviewed. Of the 78 interviewed, 5 (6%) had a history of TB or positive skin test results and were not tested. The remaining 73 migrants were given 5 U of purified protein derivative intradermally and were assessed 48 hours later for
Secure Information Sharing for Dynamic Groups in Cloud Computing : A Survey

Cloud computing is nothing other than "internet computing". It provides platform for data storage, networks, servers etc. Cloud is easily scalable, flexible but lacks data integrity and data confidentiality. Web-based email services like Gmail and Hotmail deliver a cloud computing service: users can access their email "in the cloud" from any computer with a browser and Internet connection, regardless of what kind of hardware is on that particular computer. Reliability, scalability, flexibility, low maintenance and cost efficiency are the some parameters of the cloud computing. In this paper, we propose a secure multiowner data sharing schema by leveraging group signature and using dynamic broadcast encryption techniques and any members can share and data with other users. The encryption computation cost depends upon the number of revoked user. The main goal in this paper is to achieve the high security to store the data for which an asymmetric algorithm is used. Keywords— Cloud computing, security analysis, dynamic groups, privacy preserving, access control multiowner data sharing.
Mechanism of Transition from Xanthine Dehydrogenase to Xanthine Oxidase: Effect of Guanidine-HCL or Urea on the Activity

Mammalian xanthine oxidoreductase can be converted from the dehydrogenase to the oxidase form, either reversibly by formation of disulfide bridges or irreversibly by proteolytic cleavage within the xanthine oxidoreductase protein molecule. A tightly packed amino acid cluster stabilizes the dehydrogenase form, and disruption of this cluster is accompanied with rearrangement of the active site loop. Here, we show that the conversion occurs in the presence of guanidine-HCl or urea. We propose that xanthine dehydrogenase and oxidase are in a thermodynamic equilibrium that can be shifted by disruption of the amino acid cluster with a denaturant.
Far-Ultraviolet Observations of the Loop I/North Polar Spur Region

The results of diffuse far-ultraviolet observations of the Loop I/North Polar Spur (NPS) region are presented in this Letter. Several important ionic emission lines, including C IV, Si II*, Si IV, and Al II, were detected. Fluorescent emission lines from hydrogen molecules were also seen in the spectra. A spectral image made with C IV emission shows a shell-like feature colocated with the X-ray NPS. This feature is located just inside the Loop I radio ridges. Another interesting C IV feature is seen at the inner edge of the "interaction ring," where the cold interstellar medium is in direct contact with the X-ray-bright hot gas. The present observation is in good agreement with a model of recent supernova explosion in an inhomogeneous medium, possibly disturbed by previous multiple supernova explosions.
Response Generation for Grounding in Communication at NTCIR-13 STC Japanese Subtask

The AITOK team participated in NTCIR-13 STC Japanese Subtask. This report describes our approach to generating responses to comment texts of Yahoo! News comments data, and discusses our results of formal-run. Our approach intends to make sure of grounding in communication, thereby integrates three strategies and five rules. The strategies are on the presupposition that there is not enough information regarding the first comment text in our auto-responder system. Then, the method of auto-responder consists of three steps, labeling, finding, and generating. Although the approach is very simple, the formal-run result was really good in Rule-1. However, the result was not enough in Rule-2 due to short of information in the responses.
System for the presumptive identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of urogenital mycoplasmas, Neisseria spp., Streptococcus B, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Gardnerella vaginalis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Candida spp

1 . INTRODUCTION Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum / parvum are the species of the class Mollicutes isolated more frequently from the urogenital tract and considered opportunistic pathogens. It has demonstrated a direct relationship between the isolation of these microorganisms and certain diseases such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), pelvic inflammatory disease, infections during pregnancy , preterm labor and neonatal infections (1-2) Rapid diagnosis available today may involve the use of expensive tests not available in all hospitals and not useful for determining antimicrobial susceptibility, essential for treatments implementations, epidemiological studies, etc. In the light of this, a system that allows rapidly growing, in addition to antimicrobial susceptibility test in just 18-24 hours, without additional equipment, can be an useful tool in the hands of the microbiologist and clinician. In many cases, the positivity of urogenital mycoplasma is associated with the presence of other microorganisms that cause genitourinary infections , such as Neisseria spp. , Streptococcus agalactiae (group B), Staphlyococcus aureus , Enterococcus spp. , Escherichia coli , Gardnerella vaginalis , Trichomonas vaginalis, and Candida spp. The simultaneous identification of these agents can guide the clinical diagnosis and the procedure to follow with the patient.
Non‐rigid alignment in electron tomography in materials science

Electron tomography is a key technique that enables the visualization of an object in three dimensions with a resolution of about a nanometre. High‐quality 3D reconstruction is possible thanks to the latest compressed sensing algorithms and/or better alignment and preprocessing of the 2D projections. Rigid alignment of 2D projections is routine in electron tomography. However, it cannot correct misalignments induced by (i) deformations of the sample due to radiation damage or (ii) drifting of the sample during the acquisition of an image in scanning transmission electron microscope mode. In both cases, those misalignments can give rise to artefacts in the reconstruction. We propose a simple‐to‐implement non‐rigid alignment technique to correct those artefacts. This technique is particularly suited for needle‐shaped samples in materials science. It is initiated by a rigid alignment of the projections and it is then followed by several rigid alignments of different parts of the projections. Piecewise linear deformations are applied to each projection to force them to simultaneously satisfy the rigid alignments of the different parts. The efficiency of this technique is demonstrated on three samples, an intermetallic sample with deformation misalignments due to a high electron dose typical to spectroscopic electron tomography, a porous silicon sample with an extremely thin end particularly sensitive to electron beam and another porous silicon sample that was drifting during image acquisitions.