Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How does a twisted beliefs shock aect the macroeconomy

I study the role of “shattered” or “twisted” beliefs combined with Bayesian learning in a standard equilibrium business cycle framework. By adapting ideas from Cogley and Sargent (2008b) to the general equilibrium setting, I am able to study how a prior belief arising from the Great Depression may have in‡uenced the macroeconomy during the last 75 years. In the model, households hold twisted beliefs concerning the likelihood and persistence of recession and boom states, beliefs which are only gradually unwound during subsequent years. Even though the driving stochastic process for technology is unchanged over the entire period, the nature of macroeconomic performance is altered considerably for many decades before eventually converging to the rational expectations equilibrium. This provides
The pixel: A snare and a delusion

The pixel is an explicit feature of remotely-sensed imagery, and a primary concept of the raster GIS (Geographical Information System) which is the usual vehicle for integration. This Letter addresses the underlying spatial conceptualization of the pixel, which is the parallel of the grid cell in spatial analysis, and the regular grid in sampling. It is argued that integration of remote sensing and GIS can only possibly advance if we develop methods to address the conceptual short-comings of the pixel as a spatial entity, and stop pretending that it is a true geographical object. Three major strands of research which address this issue are highlighted, including mixture modelling, geostatistics and fuzzy classification.
Procedures and Properties for a Direct Nano-Micro Integration of Metal and Semiconductor Nanowires on Si Chips

1-dimensional metal and semiconductor nanostructures exhibit interesting physical properties, but their integration into modern electronic devices is often a very challenging task. Finding the appropriate supports for nanostructures and nanoscale contacts are highly desired aspects in this regard. In present work we demonstrate the fabrication of 1D nano- and mesostructures between microstructured contacts formed directly on a silicon chip either by a thin film fracture (TFF) approach or by a modified vapor-liquid-solid (MVLS) approach. In principle, both approaches offer the possibilities to integrate these nano-meso structures in wafer-level fabrications. Electrical properties of these nano-micro structures integrated on Si chips and their preliminary applications in the direction of sensors and field effect transistors are also presented.
Fair value on commons-based intellectual property assets: Lessons of an estimation over Linux kernel.

Open source describes practices in production and development that promote access to the end product's source materials, spreading development burden amongst individuals and companies. This model has resulted in a large and efficient ecosystem and unheralded software innovation, freely available to society. Open source methods are also increasingly being applied in other fields of endeavour, such as biotechnology or cultural production. But under financial reporting framework, general volunteer activity is not reflected on financial statements. As a result, there is not value of volunteer contributions and there is also no single source for cost estimates of how much it has taken to develop an open source technology. This volunteer activity encloses not only individuals but corporations developing and contributing open source products. Standard methodology for reporting open source asset valuation is needed and must include value creation from the perspective of the different stakeholders.
INFLUENCE OF NANO-DIAMOND PARTICLES ON THE TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NICKEL CHEMICAL COATINGS

Friction and wear of 10 types Ni chemical coatings, with and without heat treatment, containing nano-diamond particles of various sizes - 0, 5, 100, 200 and 250 rim, are studied in the paper. Procedure and laboratory device for friction investigation in starting regime were developed. Experimental results for the influence of the particle size on the static friction force and the change of friction coefficient have been obtained. Abrasive wear has been studied by means of the procedure developed by the authors for the study of above coatings under conditions of dry friction on surfaces with fixed abrasive. The obtained results are related to the parameters linear wear, wear rate and wear-resistance.A part of this study is connected with the tasks on the 7 FP Project 'Acorn in Advanced Computing Innovations' coordinated by the Institute of Information and Communication Technologies at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, and the other part is carried out under the Project 'University R&D Complex for innovation and transfer of knowledge in micro/nano-technologies and materials, energy efficiency and virtual engineering' funded by the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science.
Inequality and Growth in a Knowledge Economy

We develop a two sector growth model to understand the relation between inequality and growth. Agents, who are endowed with different levels of knowledge, select either into a retail or a manufacturing sector. Agents in the manufacturing sector match to carry out production. A by-product of production is creation of ideas that spill over to the retail sector and improve productivity, thereby causing growth. Ideas are generated according to an idea production function that takes the knowledge of all the agents in a firm as arguments. We go on to study how an increase in the inequality of the knowledge distribution affects the growth rate. A change in the distribution not only affects the occupational choice of agents, but also the way agents match within the manufacturing sector. We show that if the idea generation function is sufficiently convex, an increase in inequality raises the growth rate of the economy.
Architectural elements of ubiquitous systems: a systematic review

Ubiquitous systems have become an important and even essential part of our daily life. For instance, smart homes are good examples where such systems can be found. However, the design and implementation of ubiquitous systems are hard tasks, as they involve several areas of computing, as software engineering, artificial intelligence, and distributed systems. This task is even harder as there is no general reference architecture that could be used to guide the development of such systems. As a consequence, each project solves the same problem in a different way, some better than others. This paper aims at exploring, organizing, and summarizing the common, essential architectural elements of those systems. We have also investigated reference architectures for this type of systems, as these architectures are important artifacts for providing such elements. For this, we conducted a systematic review that is a technique that provides an overview of a research area to assess the amount of existing evidences on a topic of interest. As main results achieved, we have found a set of eleven elements, which appears in most of the existing systems and middlewares that can be used to define a generaluse software architecture. This work could certainly contribute to a more systematized development of ubiquitous systems. Keywords-ubiquitous computing; systematic review; software
Comparative Analysis of Different Data Representations for the Task of Chemical Compound Extraction

Chemical Compound Extraction refers to the task of recognizing chemical instances such as oxygen nitrogen and others. The majority of studies that addressed the task of chemical compound extraction used machine-learning techniques. The key challenge behind using machine-learning techniques lies in employing a robust set of features. In fact, the literature shows that there are numerous types of features used in the task of chemical compound extraction. Such dimensionality of features can be determined via data representation. Some researchers have used N-gram representation for biomedical-named entity recognition, where the most significant terms are represented as features. Meanwhile, others have used detailed-attribute representation in which the features are generalized. As a result, identifying the best combination of features to yield high-accuracy classification becomes challenging. This paper aims to apply the Wrapper Subset Selection approach using two data representations—N-gram and detailed-attributes. Since each data representation would suit a specific classification algorithm, two classifiers were utilized—Naive Bayes (for detailed-attributes) and Support Vector Machine (for N-gram). The results show that the application of feature selection using detailed-attributes outperformed that of N-gram representation by achieving a 0.722 f-measure. Despite the higher classification accuracy, the selected features using detailed-attribute representation have more meaning and can be applied for further datasets.
A Proposal to Reduce the Biodiesel Exposure to Financial Risks through Derivatives

The agricultural sector can face a series of risky situations, mainly involving natural causes. Too much rain, a long draught, or even the action of pests in plantations all these factors result in yield losses and, under these circumstances, the crops insurance is activated. However, the insurance sector in Brazil is far from protecting the rural producer properly. Cunha [2002] presents the principles that can guideline the creation of a crop insurance that is private, with voluntary participation, and tailor-made to meet the conditions and needs of Brazilian agricultural producers. The creation of an insurance policy with these characteristics can just occur if the Brazilian insurance market is minimally developed. Currently, only five insurance brokers are present in the market and none of them has had more than 6 years of experience in this agricultural module. Thus, it is extremely difficult to sell agricultural insurance due to the producers’ lack of information and difficulties of access [Ozaki, 2007, p.85]. Moreover, agriculture can have an excellent harvest instead of a weather disaster – what can also be considered a problem to the producer as this can lead to a possible ‘over-production. Under these favorable conditions, production may reach a level that can make the offer higher than the demand. This may result in insufficient revenue to cover the production costs, leading to disastrous consequences for the economy of the country. However, this can be minimized if the producer is insured “against unfavorable price variations”, being able to make use of futures contracts and bonds negotiated at BM&F.
Acoustic signaling in cervids: a methodological approach for measuring vocal communication in fallow deer.

In deer, as in other group-living mammals, communication plays a crucial role in social interactions. Acoustic signals are particularly widespread and used by individuals of all ages and sexes in different social contexts. Over the past 20 years the interest in deer vocal communication has increased with the development of new techniques in sound recording and acoustic analysis. In this paper, we present two studies on vocal communication in fallow deer and discuss the methodological approach we applied to investigate and test the information content of calls used during reproduction and mother-offspring interactions.
Radiation Efficiency Improvement of Zeroth-Order Resonator Antenna

The radiation as well as antenna efficiency of very thin profile zeroth-order resonator (ZOR) antenna, implemented in negative phase velocity (NPV) microstrip transmission line (TL) structure, has been solved by the method of moment simulator IE3D. The radiation is inves- tigated using individual portions of the ZOR antenna that shows significant values of the surface current density. Dominantly radiating parts have been identified, geometri- cally emphasized by means of the increase in the antenna height over the ground plane from 1/105 to 1/8 λ0. The measured parameters of the improved antenna prototype have been enhanced so they reached the following values (compared to original ones): gain 5.0 dBi (-3.0 dBi), an- tenna efficiency 97.7 % (9.5 %).
Comparison of Parenting- Related Stress and Depression Symptoms in Mothers of Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

Backgrounds: When a child has a developmental disability, the parenthood stress can be onerous. Research on the parenting stress has addressed the parenting stress differences between children families with and without disabilities. The purpose of the current research was to examine the comparison of parenting related stress and depression symptoms in mothers of children recently diagnosed with and without autism spectrum disorders. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study that was performed using both experiment and control groups, 15 mothers of children was recruited (biological mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders aged 6 years who’s diagnosed were made less than 5 months prior to study) and was compared with 15 mothers of children without autism spectrum disorders were selected with using of available sampling method and randomly were replaced into two experimental and control groups. Parents completed a packet of questionnaire measuring demographics, parenting stress and depression. Data were analyzed using of spss16 with descriptive statistics, t-test method. Results: Results of t- tests showed significant differences between the two groups for two variables (P<0.001). Mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder generally report significantly higher levels of stress and depression than mothers of children without autism spectrum disorder. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, the investigation of parenting related stress and depression in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder can provide valuable implications for clinicians to target at the predictors when providing assessment and intervention for children with ASD to improve their health parent.
Replication of Organizational Routines: Conceptualizing the Exploitation of Knowledge Assets

Sidney G. Winter e-mail: winter@wharton.upenn. edu phone: (215) 898-4140 Gabriel Szulanski e-mail: szulanski@wharton.upenn. edu phone: (215) 573-9627 The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania Department of Management 2000 Steinberg Hall - Dietrich Hall Phildelphia, PA 19104-6370 Fax: (215) 898-0401 Revised: November 2000 Forthcoming in: The Strategic Management of Intellectual Capital and Organizational Knowledge: A Collection of Readings To be published by: Oxford University Press, New York Edited by: Nick Bontis and Chun Wei Choo
EFFECTS OF FEEDING WHEAT NATURALLY CONTAMINATED WITH FUSARIUM MYCOTOXINS ON BLOOD BIOCHEMISTRY AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIETARY LIGNIN TREATMENT TO ALLEVIATE MYCOTOXIN ADVERSE EFFECTS IN BROILER CHICKENS

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding wheat naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on some biochemical parameters and the efficacy of lignin to alleviate adverse effects of fusariotoxins in broiler chickens. Eighty, 1-d-old ROSS 308 broiler chicks of both sexes were used in the experiment. All birds received the control diet for two weeks and then they were fed experimental diets for two more weeks. The 4 diets included the following: 1. ) negative control diet (0.1 mg DON/kg diet; 0.005 mg ZEA/kg diet), 2. ) positive control diet (0.1 mg DON/kg diet, 0.005 mg ZEA/kg diet + 0.5% lignin), 3. ) mycotoxin-contaminated diet (2.95 mg DON/kg diet, 1.59 mg ZEA/kg diet) and 4. ) mycotoxincontaminated diet with the addition of lignin at 0.5% of the diet (2.95 mg DON/kg diet, 1.59 mg ZEA/kg diet + 0.5% lignin). The feeding of contaminated wheat did not significantly affect parameters of mineral metabolism, including calcium, chlorides and phosphorus. Decreased levels of total protein, albumin and potassium were observed. However, dietary supplementation with lignin prevented this effect. Plasma triglycerides and free glycerol levels were not affected by dietary treatments. There was a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities and magnesium and cholesterol levels in plasma from birds fed contaminated wheat. Inclusion of lignin in the diet reversed elevated alkaline phosphatase activity in chicks induced by mycotoxin-contaminated diet. Results indicated that consumption of grain naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins can adversely affect chickens' metabolism. As a food additive, lignin was not effective in the prevention of Fusarium mycotoxins effects in chickens.
Differentiated Demand and Supply of Wheat under Alternative European Trade Policies /доклад на 10 конгрессе ЕААЕ, Exploring Diversity in the European Agri-Food System, Zaragoza, Spain, 28-31 August 2002

This paper proposes a partial equilibrium displacement model that differentiates wheat according to its end-use and country of origin to investigate the impact of alternative European trade policies on wheat supply and demand in France. Transmission, demand and supply elasticities are estimated for each class and origin of wheat. Simulation results show that rebalancing trade protection across wheat classes encourages domestic supply of high quality wheat and displaces imports from North America.
The role of social power relations in gift giving on Valentine's Day

This study investigates motives for gift giving by young males on Valentine's Day and advances previous research on this ritual by controlling for the giving context (occasion and relationship). The study is consistent with previous work by Goodwin et al. (1990) which found that motivations based on obligation, self-interest and altruism do indeed exist. More significantly, however, this study points to the finding that individual motivations for the gift-giving ritual on Valentine's Day may be more intricately intertwined and have deeper manifestations in the perceived social power relationship between the genders. The study recommends that marketers delve beyond the immediate horizon of individual motivations and become even more acutely aware of the ‘intrinsic social power messages’ that arise from the conjoint influences of motivations. This would have great potential for marketing even more meaningful gift products to both givers and receivers. Copyright © 2002 Henry Stewart Publications Ltd.
Effects of Emerald Ash Borer Infestation on the Structure and Material Properties of Ash Trees

Emerald ash borer (EAB), an invasive insect borer on ash trees, currently occurs in the Untied States and Canada. In many regions, large populations of ash trees are affected with many trees exhibiting partial to full canopy dieback. Several cases exist in northwest Ohio, U.S., where EAB infested ash branches or stems fail prematurely during deadwood pruning or whole tree removal. This study was initiated to resolve the effects of EAB on the material properties of ash branches and stems. Visually non-infested ash trees and trees with recent and advanced EAB activity were examined. The data from static loading tests on primary branches indicate that maximum bending stress at failure was not significantly lower in EAB infested trees compared to non-infested trees. Examination of the fracture zone, however, revealed that wood moisture was significantly lower and more cracking was observed in wood sections of branches taken from EAB infested trees. During static loading, branch failure at the union occurred only in the EAB infested trees. In a wood resistance evaluation of infested and non-infested ash stems, significantly lower resistance was observed in advanced EAB infested ash stems when drilled at the base compared to drill sites 1 m above. This was not observed at similar drill site heights in the visually non-infested ash stems. These data may help identify risk elements associated with structural and material degradation of ash wood as early as one to two years after infestation by EAB.
Financial Sector Development and Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation

The study examines the relationship between Financial Sector Development and Economic Growth in Nigeria. Time series data from 1990-2009 were fitted into the regression equation using various econometric techniques such as Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, Johansen Multivariate Co-integration Test, Ordinary Least Square Regression and Vector Error Correction Model (VEC). The result shows that development in financial sector variables viz: banking sector credits, total market capitalization and foreign direct investment positively affect economic growth variables - Real Gross Domestic Product. This result is consistent with a number of earlier studies reviewed in the literature that found financial sector variables to positively affect real gross domestic product.
Analysis of effect of Meditation on Cognitive Load using Higher Order Crossing Features

In this paper, the effect of meditation on the seven load arithmetic tasks using Electroencephalogram (EEG) is investigated. The focused attention on breathing is taught to 11 healthy subjects as a simple meditation technique. EEG signals have been recorded at the beginning of meditation and after four weeks of regular meditation (daily 20 minutes) using EMOTIV device. The higher order crossings (HOC) features are derived from EEG signals for analysis of seven cognitive loads. The pre and post-experiment results are compared based on reaction time and effect on brain lobe. The K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) classifier is used for classification of seven loads and achieved 83.57% accuracy in the post and 89.61 % accuracy in pre-experiment. The EEG-based cognitive load analysis is an important tool for continuous memory load measurement application.
Distribution of the Genus Passiflora L. Diversity in Colombia and Its Potential as an Indicator for Biodiversity Management in the Coffee Growing Zone

Analysis was made of 3,923 records of 162 wild Passiflora specimens to assess the distribution of their diversity in Colombia, identify collection gaps, and explore their potential as indicator species. Despite variable collecting density among and within biogeographic regions, the Andean region clearly presents a higher species richness, particularly in the central coffee growing zone and the departments of Antioquia, Cundinamarca and Valle del Cauca. The elevational distribution of diversity shows a small peak below 500 m, and two higher ones between 1,000–2,000 and 2,500–3,000 m. This pattern corresponds to divergent adaptive trends among infrageneric divisions. The analysis on 19 climatic variables showed that the two principal variance components, explaining 77 percent of the total, are respectively associated with temperature and precipitation, without influence of seasonality. Distribution parameters allow recognizing more than 36 narrow endemics. Prediction of species distribution showed nine areas with very high richness (predicted sympatry of 41 to 54 species) in the Andean region, three of which correspond to collection gaps. Endemics were not particularly frequent there, so a prioritization of protected areas based on species richness would not favor their conservation. The sites with high Passiflora diversity are poorly represented in the current system of protected areas. Instead, their striking correspondence with ecotopes of the coffee growing zone imposes a conservation strategy integrating agricultural and environmental management at the landscape level. Reciprocally, several traits of Passiflora species make them particularly suited as indicators for any effort of conservation or restoration in this region of importance for the country.