Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relation between psychological need satisfaction in acute psychiatric hospital and recovery among emerging adults: A self-determination theory approach.

OBJECTIVE Mental illness and addiction are prevalent during emerging adulthood and are associated with poorer functioning and quality of life. Research supports early intervention for enhancing recovery, though emerging adults frequently disengage from services, reducing effectiveness of early care. Research on self-determination theory shows healthcare climates that support psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness foster sustained engagement in treatment and health-promoting behaviors. The present study hypothesized that more need satisfying (and less frustrating) psychiatric hospital experiences would relate to various indicators of recovery among emerging adults. METHODS One-hundred four emerging adults from an acute psychiatric inpatient unit completed an adapted questionnaire measuring need satisfaction in the hospital and surveys of treatment attitudes, illness identity, and wellness during the 3rd week of their hospital stay. Six-month postdischarge service utilization data were obtained through electronic health databases. RESULTS A more need satisfying hospital experience was associated with greater autonomous motivation for treatment, more positive attitudes toward medications and services, more adaptive illness identification, and greater well-being. Greater need frustration was related to less autonomous and more controlled motivation for treatment, less positive attitudes toward medications and services, less adaptive illness identification, and lower well-being. While neither need satisfaction nor frustration related to subsequent visits to the emergency department or rehospitalization, a need frustrating hospital experience related to fewer attended community appointments during the 6 months following discharge. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Hospital experiences that satisfy (and do not frustrate) the psychological needs of emerging adults may promote recovery and treatment engagement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Tinnitus and 3-Year Change in Audiometric Hearing Thresholds

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: Tinnitus and hearing loss commonly coexist, however, the temporal relation between tinnitus and hearing loss is complex and not fully understood. Our objective was to examine the longitudinal association between persistent tinnitus, bothersome tinnitus, and 3-year elevation of audiometric hearing thresholds. Design: We conducted a longitudinal cohort study among 3106 women (mean age 59 years) who were participants in the Nurses’ Health Study II (2012–2018). Information on tinnitus was obtained from biennial questionnaires. Longitudinal changes in air conduction thresholds (0.5 to 8 kHz) were assessed by pure-tone audiometry conducted by licensed audiologists at 19 audiology testing sites across the United States. Logistic regression was used to estimate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (MVORs, 95% confidence interval [CI]) and evaluate the relations of persistent tinnitus (several days per week or more), bothersome tinnitus (interferes with work, sleep, or daily activities), and risk of 3-year elevation of hearing thresholds. Results: Persistent tinnitus was associated with higher risk of 3-year elevation of hearing thresholds across a broad range of frequencies. Compared with women without tinnitus, the MVORs (95% CI) for ≥5-dB threshold elevation among women with persistent tinnitus were 1.01 (0.81, 1.25) at 0.5 kHz, 1.45 (1.17, 1.81) at 1 kHz, 1.25 (1.00, 1.56) at 2 kHz, 1.34 (1.07, 1.69) at 3 kHz, 1.34 (1.06, 1.70) at 4 kHz, 1.49 (1.16, 1.91) at 6 kHz, and 1.63 (1.25, 2.12) at 8 kHz. The magnitudes of the associations for ≥10-dB threshold elevation were similar. The magnitudes of the associations were substantially greater among women with bothersome tinnitus. For example, compared with women without tinnitus, the MVORs (95% CI) for a ≥5- and ≥10-dB elevation of hearing thresholds at 4 kHz were 2.97 (1.50, 5.89) and 2.79 (1.38, 5.65), respectively. The risk was elevated even among women with tinnitus who had clinically normal hearing thresholds at baseline. In analyses that examined the association of tinnitus and elevation of low-, mid- and high-frequency pure-tone average (PTA) hearing thresholds, the results were similar. Compared with women without tinnitus, the MVORs (95% CI) for ≥5-dB PTA elevation among women with persistent tinnitus were 1.29 (0.99,1.67) for LPTA(0.5,1,2 kHz); 1.44 (1.16, 1.78) for MPTA(3,4 kHz); and 1.38 (1.11, 1.71) for HPTA(6,8 kHz). For ≥10-dB elevation, the MVORs were 2.85 (1.55, 5.23), 1.52 (1.10, 2.09), and 1.41 (1.10, 1.82), respectively. Conclusion: Persistent tinnitus was associated with substantially higher risk of 3-year hearing threshold elevation, even among women with clinically normal baseline hearing. The magnitudes of the associations were greater among those with bothersome tinnitus. Monitoring hearing sensitivities may be indicated in patients with tinnitus, including those without audiometric evidence of hearing impairment.
Insomnia Symptom Severity is Associated with Increased Suicidality and Death by Suicide in a Sample of Patients with Psychiatric Disorders.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Insomnia is a risk factor for suicidal behavior including attempts and death by suicide. We investigated whether insomnia symptom severity was associated with suicidality and death by suicide in patients with psychiatric disorders. METHODS The sample included 180 deceased patients with psychiatric disorders seen at Weber Human Services between 2008 and 2018 who completed the Outpatient Questionnaire-45.2 (OQ) prior to death. Insomnia symptom severity was assessed using item 41 from the OQ. Manner of death was determined by death records and autopsy reports. History of suicidality was determined through electronic medical records. Cases were grouped into 4 lifetime categories: non-suicidal (n=30), suicidal ideation (n=36), suicide attempt (n=95), and death by suicide (n=19). Demographic, medical, and psychiatric features of each group were compared using linear regression. Logistic regression was used to determine whether insomnia symptom severity was associated with lifetime suicidality severity grouping, adjusting for psychiatric disorders commonly linked to suicidality. RESULTS Lifetime suicidality was associated with sleep problems, fatigue, headaches, and psychiatric disorders (i.e., depressive, personality, and trauma-related disorders). Referenced to the non-suicidal group, greater insomnia symptom severity was significantly associated with suicide attempts and death by suicide, with odds ratios (OR) of OR=2.67, p=0.011, and OR=5.53, p=0.002, respectively, even after adjusting important psychiatric diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that insomnia symptom severity endorsed during a clinical visit is associated with heightened suicidality, especially suicidal behavior. The presence of insomnia symptoms in patients with psychiatric disorders may indicate risk for suicide and is a target for suicide prevention.
Mobile Deep Learning System That Calculates UVI Using Illuminance Value of User’s Location

Ultraviolet rays are closely related with human health and, recently, optimum exposure to the UV rays has been recommended, with growing importance being placed on correct UV information. However, many countries provide UV information services at a local level, which makes it impossible for individuals to acquire user-based, accurate UV information unless individuals operate UV measurement devices with expertise on the relevant field for interpretation of the measurement results. There is a limit in measuring ultraviolet rays’ information by the users at their respective locations. Research about how to utilize mobile devices such as smartphones to overcome such limitation is also lacking. This paper proposes a mobile deep learning system that calculates UVI based on the illuminance values at the user’s location obtained with mobile devices’ help. The proposed method analyzed the correlation between illuminance and UVI based on the natural light DB collected through the actual measurements, and the deep learning model’s data set was extracted. After the selection of the input variables to calculate the correct UVI, the deep learning model based on the TensorFlow set with the optimum number of layers and number of nodes was designed and implemented, and learning was executed via the data set. After the data set was converted to the mobile deep learning model to operate under the mobile environment, the converted data were loaded on the mobile device. The proposed method enabled providing UV information at the user’s location through a mobile device on which the illuminance sensors were loaded even in the environment without UVI measuring equipment. The comparison of the experiment results with the reference device (spectrometer) proved that the proposed method could provide UV information with an accuracy of 90–95% in the summers, as well as in winters.
Current Status and the Epidemiology of Malaria in the Middle East Region and Beyond

Vector-borne parasitic infectious diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Malaria is one of the most common vector-borne parasitic infection and is caused by five Plasmodium species, namely P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi. Epidemiologically, differences in the patterns of malaria cases, causative agent, disease severity, antimicrobial resistance, and mortality exist across diverse geographical regions. The world witnessed 229 million malaria cases which resulted in 409,000 deaths in 2019 alone. Although malaria cases are reported from 87 countries globally, Africa bears the brunt of these infections and deaths as nearly 94% of total malaria cases and deaths occur in this continent, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Most of the Middle East Region countries are malaria-free as no indigenous cases of infection have been described in recent years. However, imported cases of malaria continue to occur as some of these countries. Indeed, the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have large expatriate population originating from malaria endemic countries. In this review, the current status and epidemiology of malaria in the Middle East Region countries and other malaria-endemic countries that are home to a large migrant workforce being employed in Middle East Region countries are discussed.
Risks Associated with the Use of Garcinia as a Nutritional Complement to Lose Weight

Nowadays, obesity is one of the great nutritional problems facing public health. The prevalence of this pathology has increased in a worrying way over recent years, currently reaching epidemic proportions. In this context, nutritional supplements are presented as a therapeutic alternative to which more and more people are turning to. Nutritional supplements to lose weight based on the Garcinia plant, specifically on Garcinia cambogia, are commonly used. The active principle of this plant to which these properties have been attributed, is hydroxycitric acid (HCA). The aim of the present review is to gather reported data concerning the effectiveness of nutritional supplements based on Garcinia extracts on weight loss and their possible negative effects. Contradictory results have been observed regarding the effectiveness of the supplements. While statistically significant weight loss was observed in some studies, no changes were found in others. Regarding safety, although Garcinia supplements have been revealed as safe in the vast majority of the studies carried out in animal models and humans, some cases of hepatotoxicity, serotonin toxicity and mania have been reported. In conclusion, the results suggest that Garcinia-based supplements could be effective in short-term weight loss, although the data are not conclusive. In addition, the safety of the complement should be further studied.
Quantitative lateral resolution of a Quantum 2000 X‐ray microprobe

The minimal primary X‐ray beam size of a Quantum 2000 scanning X‐ray microprobe is in the order of 10 µm. This value is obtained by measuring the distance required for a 20–80% signal increase when scanning over a material edge. But for a more precise determination of the quantitative lateral resolution of the instrument the long tail contributions of the primary X‐ray beam have to be taken into account.
Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease: Triggers, Mechanisms, and Immunotherapies

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease involving multiple etiologies and pathogenesis, in which neuroinflammation is a common factor. Both preclinical experiments and clinical studies provide evidence for the involvement of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of PD, although there are a number of key issues related to neuroinflammatory processes in PD that remain to be addressed. In this review, we highlight the relationship between the common pathological mechanisms of PD and neuroinflammation, including aggregation of α-synuclein, genetic factors, mitochondrial dysfunction, and gut microbiome dysbiosis. We also describe the two positive feedback loops initiated in PD after the immune system is activated, and their role in the pathogenesis of PD. In addition, the interconnections and differences between the central and peripheral immune systems are discussed. Finally, we review the latest progress in immunotherapy research for PD patients, and propose future directions for clinical research.
Assessing Dysferlinopathy Patients Over Three Years With a New Motor Scale

Dysferlinopathy is a muscular dystrophy with a highly variable clinical presentation and currently unpredictable progression. This variability and unpredictability presents difficulties for prognostication and clinical trial design. The Jain Clinical Outcomes Study of Dysferlinopathy aims to establish the validity of the North Star Assessment for Limb Girdle Type Muscular Dystrophies (NSAD) scale and identify factors that influence the rate of disease progression using NSAD.
Space Biology Research and Biosensor Technologies: Past, Present, and Future †

In light of future missions beyond low Earth orbit (LEO) and the potential establishment of bases on the Moon and Mars, the effects of the deep space environment on biology need to be examined in order to develop protective countermeasures. Although many biological experiments have been performed in space since the 1960s, most have occurred in LEO and for only short periods of time. These LEO missions have studied many biological phenomena in a variety of model organisms, and have utilized a broad range of technologies. However, given the constraints of the deep space environment, upcoming deep space biological missions will be largely limited to microbial organisms and plant seeds using miniaturized technologies. Small satellites such as CubeSats are capable of querying relevant space environments using novel, miniaturized instruments and biosensors. CubeSats also provide a low-cost alternative to larger, more complex missions, and require minimal crew support, if any. Several have been deployed in LEO, but the next iterations of biological CubeSats will travel beyond LEO. They will utilize biosensors that can better elucidate the effects of the space environment on biology, allowing humanity to return safely to deep space, venturing farther than ever before.
Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma Associated With Endometriosis: A Clinicopathologic Study of 15 Cases

Only a few cases of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPeM) associated with endometriosis have been published; with chronic inflammation of the peritoneum associated with the latter being postulated as an inducing factor in the pathogenesis of this tumor. We assessed the clinicopathologic characteristics of MPeM associated with endometriosis to determine if there were other factors besides inflammation that may contribute to the pathogenesis in this patient population. Fifteen MPeM associated with endometriosis were retrieved from our files. Most presented with abdominal/pelvic pain, mass or distention; median age was 45 yr. Only 16% of patients had a history of asbestos exposure. In contrast, a third of the patients had a personal history of other neoplasms, and >80% had a family history of malignancies. Although most tumors had gross and microscopic features typical of MPeM, some had confounding features including “adhesion-like” appearance or gelatinous cysts/nodules, and signet ring cells. Tumors were epithelioid (9) and biphasic (6). MPeM was misdiagnosed as Müllerian carcinoma in 40% of cases. All patients (n=15) had cytoreductive surgery in addition to other therapies. Only 2/12 patients died of disease (17%). The 3- and 5-yr overall survival was 90%. MPeM associated with endometriosis tends to occur in patients with personal/familial history of malignancies, which may be a predisposing factor. In light of this finding, the role of endometriosis in the pathogenesis of MPeM is likely less relevant. The favorable outcome seen in these patients may be related to germline mutations or the hormonal milieu and needs further investigation.
Top Four Types of Sentinel Events in Saudi Arabia During the Period 2016-2019.

BACKGROUND This study shares the summary, investigation and root causes of the top four sentinel events in Saudi Arabia that occurred between January 2016 and December 2019 as reported by the Ministry of Health and private hospitals through the Ministry of Health sentinel event reporting system. It is intended for use by legislators, healthcare facilities and the public to shed light on areas that still need improvement to preserve patient safety. METHODS In this retrospective descriptive study, the data were retrieved from the sentinel event reporting system, which routinely collects records from both Ministry of Health and private hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Sentinel events were analyzed by type of event, location, time, patient demographics, outcome and root causes. RESULTS There were 727 sentinel events during this period, 38.4% of which were under the category of unexpected patient death, 19.4% under maternal death, 11.7% under unexpected loss of limb or function and 9.9% under retained instruments or sponge. Common root causes were related to policies and procedures, guidelines, miscommunication between healthcare facilities, shortage of staff and lack of competencies. CONCLUSION Given these results, efforts should focus on improving the care of deteriorating patients in general wards, ICU admission/discharge criteria and maternal, child and surgical safety. The results also highlighted the problem of under-reporting of sentinel events, which needs to be addressed and improved. Linking data sources such as claims and patient complaints databases and electronic medical records to the national reporting system must also be considered to ensure an optimal estimation of the number of events.
A Lesson From 2020: Public Health Matters for Both COVID-19 and Diabetes.

Each January, the editors of Diabetes Care look back at the last year and forward to the next. In January 2021 we have much to be thankful and happy about. The journal continues to publish outstanding scientific reports together with illuminating and provocative Commentary, Perspective, and Review articles. We are indebted to the authors who submit their manuscripts, the reviewers who evaluate them, and the editorial and production group that manages the process. They make it all possible. In 2020, Diabetes Care’s impact factor increased once again, from 15.27 to 16.02. Accumulating scientific evidence presented by our journal and others continues to improve understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetes and add to the array of treatments. And yet . it’s been a hell of a year in other ways. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started a year ago and still has the world in its grip. It has tested all of us and brought many activities nearly to a halt. Countless people have fallen ill, sadly many have died, and the daily routines of most families are disturbed. The lockdown to prevent spread of the virus keeps people at home, limits travel, harms businesses, closes schools, and interferes with diagnosis and treatment of other ailments. Acute medical facilities have been overwhelmed in some regions. Fierce debates about controlling the spread of COVID-19 and mitigating its human and economic costs have ensued. Yet, in this crisis we see much heroism. Medical personnel and those who support them have carried on, often at personal risk; devoted families are caring for children and older relatives; and researchers in academia and industry are seeking vaccines and other interventions at a record pace. Despite these efforts, containment of COVID-19 by physical distancing andwearing face masks has varied widely between countries, regions within countries, and groups ineachregion.Peoplewithdiabetes are among the groups affected more than the general population. They appear more likely to become infected (1), likely for socioeconomic and environmental reasons, and are more likely to progress to severe illnessordie for reasons thatarestill not well understood (2). Our community has an understandable feeling of urgency about the development of vaccines to prevent infection and drugs that lessen its consequences. We also have become
Analog Memristive Characteristics of Square Shaped Lanthanum Oxide Nanoplates Layered Device

Square-shaped or rectangular nanoparticles (NPs) of lanthanum oxide (LaOx) were synthesized and layered by convective self-assembly to demonstrate an analog memristive device in this study. Along with non-volatile analog memory effect, selection diode property could be co-existent without any implementation of heterogeneous multiple stacks with ~1 μm thick LaOx NPs layer. Current–voltage (I–V) behavior of the LaOx NPs resistive switching (RS) device has shown an evolved current level with memristive behavior and additional rectification functionality with threshold voltage. The concurrent memristor and diode type selector characteristics were examined with electrical stimuli or spikes for the duration of 10–50 ms pulse biases. The pulsed spike increased current levels at a read voltage of +0.2 V sequentially along with ±7 V biases, which have emulated neuromorphic operation of long-term potentiation (LTP). This study can open a new application of rare-earth LaOx NPs as a component of neuromorphic synaptic device.
Combinatorial Screening of Cuprate Superconductors by Drop-On-Demand Inkjet Printing

Combinatorial and high-throughput experimentation (HTE) is achieving more relevance in material design, representing a turning point in the process of accelerated discovery, development, and optimization of materials based on data-driven approaches. The versatility of drop-on-demand inkjet printing (IJP) allows performing combinatorial studies through fabrication of compositionally graded materials with high spatial precision, here by mixing superconducting REBCO precursor solutions with different rare earth (RE) elements. The homogeneity of combinatorial Y1–xGdxBa2Cu3O7 samples was designed with computational methods and confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and high-resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD). We reveal the advantages of this strategy in the optimization of the epitaxial growth of high-temperature REBCO superconducting films using the novel transient liquid-assisted growth method (TLAG). Advanced characterization methods, such as in situ synchrotron growth experiments, are tailored to suit the combinatorial approach and demonstrated to be essential for HTE schemes. The experimental strategy presented is key for the attainment of large datasets for the implementation of machine learning backed material design frameworks.