Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Common Field/Clinical Measures to Standard Laboratory Measures of Hydration Status

Context: Accurately determining hydration status is a preventative measure for exertional heat illnesses (EHI). Objective: To determine the validity of various field measures of urine specific gravity (Usg) compared to laboratory instruments. Design: Observational research design to compare measures of hydration status: urine reagent strips (URS) and a urine color (Ucol) chart to a refractometer. Setting: We utilized the athletic training room of a Division I-A collegiate American football team. Participants: Trial 1 involved urine samples of 69 veteran football players (age=20.1+1.2yr; body mass=229.7+44.4lb; height=72.2+2.1in). Trial 2 involved samples from 5 football players (age=20.4+0.5yr; body mass=261.4+39.2lb; height=72.3+2.3in). Interventions: We administered the Heat Illness Index Score (HIIS) Risk Assessment, to identify athletes at-risk for EHI (Trial 1). For individuals “at-risk” (Trial 2), we collected urine samples before and after 15 days of pre-season “two-a-day” practices in a hot, humid environment(mean on-field WBGT=28.84+2.36C). Main Outcome Measures: Urine samples were immediately analyzed for Usg using a refractometer, Diascreen 7 (URS1), Multistix (URS2), and Chemstrip10 (URS3). Ucol was measured using Ucol chart. We calculated descriptive statistics for all main measures; Pearson correlations to assess relationships between the refractometer, each URS, and Ucol, and transformed Ucol data to Z-scores for comparison to the refractometer. Results: In Trial 1, we found a moderate relationship (r=0.491, p<.01) between URS1 (1.020+0.006μg) and the refractometer (1.026+0.010μg). In Trial 2, we found marked relationships for Ucol (5.6+1.6shades, r=0.619, p<0.01), URS2 (1.019+0.008μg, r=0.712, p<0.01), and URS3 (1.022+0.007μg, r=0.689, p<0.01) compared to the refractometer (1.028+0.008μg). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that URS were inconsistent between manufacturers, suggesting practitioners use the clinical refractometer to accurately determine Usg and monitor hydration status.
Wind turbine Cp,max and drivetrain-losses estimation using Gaussian process machine learning

In this paper it is shown that measured data in a wind turbine, available to the controller, can be formulated into a polynomial regression problem in order to estimate the turbine’s maximum efficiency power coefficient, Cp,max, and drivetrain losses, assuming the latter can be well approximated as being linear. Gaussian process (GP) machine learning is used for the regression problem. These formulations are tested on data generated using the Supergen Exemplar 5 MW wind turbine model, with results indicating that this is a potential low cost method for detecting changes in aerodynamic efficiency and drivetrain losses. The GP approach is benchmarked against standard least-squares (LS) regression, with the GP shown to be the superior method in this case.
Process-based long-term evaluation of an ecological network of calcareous grasslands connected by sheep herding

This paper evaluates the long-term effect of an ecological network of calcareous grasslands, a habitat type that experienced dramatic habitat loss and fragmentation during the 20th century, on species richness of habitat specialist plants. Calcareous grasslands are of special conservation concern as the habitat type with the highest diversity in plant and invertebrate species in central Europe. A baseline survey in 1989 established complete vascular plant species lists for all 62 previously abandoned calcareous grassland patches in the study area and assessed the presence of 48 habitat specialist plant species. An ecological network was initiated in 1989 to reconnect these patches with existing grazed pastures (core areas) through large flock sheep herding where feasible, as sheep are thought to be the primary dispersal vectors for calcareous grassland plants. An evaluation survey in 2009 showed significant increase in species richness of habitat specialist plants in patches reconnected by sheep herding, indicating successful colonizations by habitat specialist plants, while ungrazed patches showed no significant change. Observed increase in species richness between 1989 and 2009 was related to connectivity by sheep herding and the presence of a diversity of structural elements providing microsites for establishment. Baseline species richness of the patches, which had been abandoned since at least 1960, was associated with patch area, supporting the effect of ecological drift, and with vegetation type, which suggests that delays in extinction may be related to site factors governing the strength of competition with later seral species. The implementation of this ecological network represents a long-term ‘natural experiment’ with baseline data, manipulation, and evaluation of hypothesized effects on a clearly defined target variable. It thus provides much needed empirical evidence that species loss in fragmented calcareous grassland communities can be counteracted by restoring functional connectivity among remnant patches.
A learning styles comparative study from high level students of face-to-face and distance education

This paper compares the dominant learning styles in the high level students from face-to-face and distance education modalities. It understands the learning style as something proper to the individual, because it defines how the students elaborate the construction of knowledge in their cognitive structure. The students learning styles identification is relevant to the teachers because, as mediators, they can direct the strategies that best contribute to the process of teaching and learning. Considering the distance education expansion it is necessary to evaluate which learning styles are prevalent among students of this modality, by this reason the central issue of this investigation is in the scope of comparative education, seeking to observe the particular learning styles from students of these two modalities. This is a quantitative approach research that uses as a data source a field research, conducted in an intentional and non-probability sampling, composed of post graduating students from face-to-face and distance education and using the questionnaire developed by Felder and Silverman as a data instrument collection. The study concludes that in both groups of students there is a predominance of the active, sensitive, visual and sequential learning style, revealing the urgency of changes in the strategies of teaching and learning towards a meaningful learning.
Competing impure public goods and the sustainability of the theater arts

The general purpose of this paper is to extend the literature regarding public good provision when consumers may contribute via consumption of an impure public good and/or by donating directly to the public good. Standard models pose consumer utility as a function of one impure public good and one or more private goods. Our model features two competing impure public goods and two private goods: one that is a conventional substitute good and one that is a numeraire. We build most directly upon Kotchen's (2005) model of “green” consumption of impure public goods. We propose national and local live theater arts as an example of competing impure public goods. Our model shows that if local and national live theater are substitutes, and the national live theater (such as the Met) is strengthened via technological change (for instance, via simulcasts into local venues), the overall sustainability of the live theater arts may be diminished.
The Content Classification via Bayesian Model in Meteorological Teaching

In meteorological teaching, in order to improve the teaching efficiency, the content classification is of much signification. After content classification, the teachers can give the detailed and better teaching plans to the students. On the other hand, these classified content can be employed for the students selection of excellent ones. In this paper, we proposed a Baysian model based meteorological content classification. We classify the meteorological content into three classes. And through the experimental comparison with the students’, our method is efficient for the meteorological content automatical classification. Keywords—Meteorological content classification; Meteorological teaching; Bayesian classification
The Effect of Playing Different Musical Instruments on Arm Asymmetry.

Between the two hemispheres of the brain, structural and functional differences are called cerebral lateralization that can affect the skill performance of both arms in a different way, which is called handedness. Approximately 90% of people is right-handed and they use the right hand for most skillful activities. Interestingly, recent studies especially on musicians show that this difference is less in musicians than in non-musicians and musicians have better skillful performance compared to nonmusicians in hand skill task. However, there is no study with the arms performance stated if this also depends on the type of playing instruments. Thus, the purpose of this study was to search if playing different kind of musical instrument, string and piano, can alter the arm asymmetry. Besides, it was also questioned whether string and piano players overall have less asymmetry compared to non-musicians. 30 right-handed participants from three groups (10 from each group) took part and were asked to reach one of three targets in front of them with either right or left arms. Their movements accuracy and linearity were analyzed by electromagnetic movement tracker system (please see method section). As a result, similar results were obtained with previous studies. A significant difference was not seen in the use of arms of musicians who play piano and string instruments. On the other hand, it was found that musicians make use of their arms better compared to non-musicians with their both arms. Thus, playing musical instrument can decrease the arm asymmetry regardless of the type of the instrument.
Exploring the interplay between state, structure and runoff behaviour of lower mesoscale catchments

The question of how catchments actually "function" has probably caused many sleepless nights as it is still an unsolved and challenging scientific question. Here, we approach this question from the similarity perspective. Instead of comparing single physiographic features of individual catchments we explore the interplay of state and structure on different runoff formation processes, aiming to infer information on the underlying "functional" behaviour. Therefore, we treat catchments 5 as lumped terrestrial filters and relate a set of different structure and storage descriptors to selected response measures. The key issue here is that we employ dimensionless quantities exclusively by normalizing the variable of interest by its limiting terrestrial or forcing characteristic. Specifically we distinguish extensive/additive and intensive/non-additive attributes through normalizing storage volumes by maximum storage capacities and normalizing fluxes (e.g. discharge) by permeability 10 estimators. Moreover, we propose the normalized temporal derivative of runoff as a suitable measure to detect intensity-triggered (high frequency) runoff production. Our dimensionless signatures evidently detect functional similarity among different sites for baseflow production, storm runoff production and the seasonal water balance. Particularly in the latter case we show that normalized double and triple mass curves expose a typical shape with a regime 15 shift that is clearly controlled by the onset and the end of the vegetation period which we can adequately characterize by a simple temperature index model. In line with this, temperature explained 70 % of the variability of the seasonal summer runoff coefficients in 22 catchments distributed along a strong physiographic and climatic gradient in the German part of the Danube basin. The proposed non-additive response measure detected signals of high frequency intensity controlled runoff gen20 eration processes in two alpine settings. The approach, in fact edge filtering, evidently works when using “low-pass” filtered hourly rainfall-runoff data of mesoscale catchments ranging from 12 to 170 km. 1 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss. , doi:10.5194/hess-2016-109, 2016 Manuscript under review for journal Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Published: 9 March 2016 c © Author(s) 2016. CC-BY 3.0 License.
Fabrication and Characteristics of Organic Thin-film Solar Cells with Active Layer of Interpenetrated Heterojunction Structure

Interpenetrated hetero-junction structures based on poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5 -b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl] (PTB7)/[6,6]-Phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester(PC71BM) were prepared for organic solar cell device fabrication by using wet process combination of spin-coating (PTB7) and spray-coating (PC71BM). Precursor solutions for the wet process of active layers were prepared with 1,8-Diiodooctane(DIO) as additive solvent and four different hetero-junction structures were prepared. Light absorbance and surface morphology for each single layer and hetero-junction structures were investigated by UV-Vis spectrometer and AFM, respectively. J-V characteristics of the resulting organic solar cell devices were measured to evaluate their performance. The interpenetrated hetero-junction structure of PTB7/PC71BM prepared with DIO additive attributed to drastic increase of power conversion efficiency (=3.54%) from that (=1.24%) of without DIO additive.
Modeling on Establishment of Sustainable Paddy Field Zone in Bekasi Regency, Indonesia

The background of this study is paddy fields conversion that continues to occur along the northern coast of Java that threatens national food security. Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) and Sustainable Food Agricultural Land Protection Program (LP2B) are unable to control paddy field conversion. This research was conducted to establishment a sustainable paddy field zone model using logistic regression and multicriteria evaluation. The research location is in Bekasi Regency, one of West Java's rice production centers which is Jakarta buffer area with a high level of paddy field conversion. The model builds upon the characteristics of local paddy field conversion by considering the concept of sustainable development. Important variables that support the paddy field conversions are the distance to settlements, housings, roads, regency/city capitals and industrial estates. Results of logistic regression then become the input for weighted criteria to develop three policy scenarios of paddy fields protection; standard, protective and permissive in order to support regional development. This model will obtain protected paddy field priorities as well as a buffer for other paddy fields in surrounding area. Keywords: logistic regression, multicriteria evaluation, sustainable paddy fields zone
Implications of Market Frictions : Serial Correlations in Indexes on the Emerging Stock Markets in Central and Eastern Europe

This paper focuses on the implications of market frictions in the context of serial correlations in indexes on the Central and Eastern European (CEE) stock markets. Market frictions, such as non-trading effects, bid/ask spreads, other transaction costs, etc., may be detected by direct measurement, or by indirect identification. Direct measurement of frictions is difficult as intraday trading data are unavailable in the case of most of the emerging CEE stock markets. Indirect identification may be conducted by detecting some empirical phenomena. One of them is evidence of serial correlations in indexes, the so-called Fisher effect. We explore the problem of serial correlations in indexes on the eight CEE stock markets using data samples from each CEE market separately, as well as a â€˜common trading windowâ€™ approach, which is widely applied in the case of databases with multivariate time series. The evidence is that â€˜nonsynchronous trading effect IIâ€™ between markets may substantially disrupt the analysis of index returns on a domestic market. Using a synchronized database, one may erroneously conclude that Fisher effect does not exist, although it is present.
What do you prefer for a relaxing time at home: reading, watching TV or listening to the radio?

ABSTRACT This article studies the determinants of time spent by Spanish consumers on reading, watching TV and listening to the radio. To that end, we estimate a SUR (seemingly unrelated regressions) model with data from the Spanish Time Use Survey for 2009–2010. Our results show that being self-employed has a negative and significant effect on the time dedicated to reading and to watching TV; older individuals spend more time reading, and being male influences the time spent watching TV and listening to the radio, all in a statistically significant and positive way. Additionally, those with a higher level of education spend more time reading, while those with lower levels of education prefer to watch TV. Adults with better health spend less time on both reading and watching TV, and families with larger numbers of children up to age 5 tend to spend less time on all three of our at-home leisure activities. Finally, living in a larger city has a positive effect on the time dedicated to all three options.
The Intersection between 1:1 Laptop Implementation and the Characteristics of Effective Middle Level Schools

Abstract The number of middle level schools adopting 1:1 laptop programs has increased considerably during the past decade (e.g., Lowther, Strahl, Inan, & Bates, 2007; Storz & Hoffman, 2013; Texas Center for Educational Research, 2009). The cornerstone practices of the middle school concept (National Middle School Association, 2010), therefore, often serve as the backdrop for 1:1 implementation. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the intersection between 1:1 program implementation and the characteristics of effective middle schools associated with the middle school concept over a four-year period. Through ongoing participant observation, individual interviews, focus groups, and reviews of digital student work and documents, we explored the implementation of a 1:1 program by one middle school team that also espoused the middle school concept. We begin by providing perspectives on 1:1 programs and on the middle school concept from research and theoretical lenses. We then describe the qualitative methodology we employed to conduct this study. Next, we present an analysis of our findings, illustrating the opportunities, tensions, and trajectories that appeared when we examined 1:1 implementation alongside the characteristics of effective middle level schools. Finally, we explore the implications of these findings for middle level educators, school leaders, and other stakeholders as they adopt 1:1 programs in schools for young adolescents.
Demographic Dynamics for the Pay - as - You - Go Pension System

The present study focuses on certain problems of pay-as-you-go pension systems. In particular, based on reproduction and survival rates, a Leslie type model is used for the analysis of the demographic dynamics of a population. The presented model is different from the classical Leslie model, since it considers a population divided into sexes, implying that the system matrix does not satisfy the irreducibility and primitivity conditions used in the Perron-Frobenius theory. Applying this theory to a submatrix corresponding to a subpopulation of females, the existence of an asymptotic age distribution is proved and then extended to the whole population. The obtained result is applied to the Italian population, providing projections on its demographic evolution. In the paper the impact of the asymptotic demographic equilibrium on the pay-as-you-go pension system, in terms of financial sustainability, is also studied.
CPSO algorithm based parameter optimization for power system damping controllers

Wide-area PSS (power system stabilizer) and HVDC (High voltage direct current) modulation are effective damping controllers in power system. With conventional parameter tuning method, the damping of the non-dominate modes would be impaired or new poor damping mode would be triggered. In this paper, the CPSO (chaotic particle swarm optimization) algorithm is used to tune the parameters of damping controller. The aim of the optimization is to provide desired damping ratio for all oscillation modes. A case study verifies the effectiveness of the proposed parameter optimization method.
The Effects of Economic Growth and Foreign Direct Investment on Air Transportation: Evidence from Turkey

The major goal of this research paper is to investigate the relationship among Turkish Economic growth, airway transportation and FDI. Several research results consistent with this papers finding and it has been founded that the economic growth plays a crucial role in air transportation by implementing econometrical models including Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Johansen co-integration test and VAR model. The variables have been put into the Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) and Johansen co-integration test. According to the test result of Johansen co-integration test there is a long-term relationship between the variables of GDP, FDI and air transportation. According to the both variance decomposition and Impulse Response analysis, the effect of GDP is found to increase air transportation more than the FDI. Finally, the contribution of Turkish economy to civil aviation seems significant which is consistent with this paper’s research results.
ANALGESIC EFFICACY OF ULTRA-SOUND GUIDED TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS PLANE (TAP) BLOCK WITH TOTAL ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY

Pre-incisional bilateral Ultra-sound guided transverses abdominis plane (TAP) block is a novel approach for blocking the abdominal wall neural afferents for postoperative analgesia. The aim of this study is, assess the effectiveness of Ultra-sound guided TAP block on requirement of intra-operative fentanyl and post-operative analgesia in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. Subjects and Methods: Eighty patients ASA physical status I and II, were randomly allocated into two groups (40 patients each), group TAP: received bilateral Ultra-sound guided TAP block with 20ml bupivacaine 0.25% in each side and group GA: received Ultra-sound guided TAP with same volume of normal saline. both groups given standardized GA. Intra-operative fentanyl requirements and postoperative pain using visual analogue score (VAS) at 30 min.1, 2, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h post-operatively were assessed and if VAS ≥3, patients received i.v. pethidine as a rescue analgesic and time to first request of analgesia was recorded. Results: Intra-operative fentanyl requirement reduced in TAP group compared to GA group; it was 100.4±21.6 and150.3±24.3 mcg respectively. Time to the first analgesic request was also reduced in TAP group compared to GA group; it was112.5±5.4 min.vs.23.4 ± 2.3 min respectively. VAS at most post-operative measurement points and pethidine requirement were reduced in TAP group compared to GA group; (41.7 and 92.3 mg respectively). There were no recorded complications attributed to the TAP block procedure. All TAP group patients were highly satisfied with their postoperative analgesic regimen. Conclusion: TAP block provides effective intra and postoperative analgesia, prolongs time to the first analgesic request and reduces total intra and postoperative analgesic consumption with minimal PONV after total abdominal hysterectomy.