Beyond the Double Tap: Exploring the Impact of an Educational Instagram Account on Professional Self-Efficacy among Minority Nurse Anesthesia Students

2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 3 INTRODUCTION . 4 STATEMENT OF PURPOSE . 5 SPECIFIC AIMS . 6 CAPSTONE QUESTION. 6 BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE. 6 BARRIERS TO SUCCESS. 6 SELF-EFFICACY AND INEQUALITIES . 7 RESOLVE TO SUCCEED VIA SOCIAL MEDIA . 8 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK. 8 SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY. 8 COGNITIVE PROCESSES . 11 JUSTIFICATION OF FRAMEWORK. 14 REVIEW OF CURRENT LITERATURE. 16 METHODS. 20 INSTAGRAM ACCOUNT. 20 DESIGN. 21 SETTING . 21 SAMPLE AND RECRUITMENT STRATEGY. 22 Eligibility Criteria. 22 Protection of Human Subjects and Ethical Considerations. 23 DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS. 23 Phase 1 Self-Reported Measures . 23 Phase 2 Virtual Focus Groups. 25 RESULTS . 28 QUANTITATIVE FINDINGS . 28 QUALITATIVE FINDINGS. 29 DISCUSSION. 33 STRENGTHS . 34 LIMITATIONS. 35 CONCLUSION . 36 REFERENCES. 37 TABLE 1. SAMPLE DEMOGRAPHICS. 43 TABLE 2. PEARSON CORRELATIONS . 43 TABLE 3. FOCUS GROUP DEMOGRAPHICS . 44 FIGURE 1. @IAMNURSENELLE INSTAGRAM PAGE. 45 FIGURE 2. THEMATIC CONCEPT MAP. 46 APPENDIX A. INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD DOCUMENT. 47 APPENDIX B. RECRUITMENT VIDEO TRANSCRIPT. 49 APPENDIX C. QUESTIONNAIRE. 50 APPENDIX D. SURVEY INSTRUCTIONS. 57 APPENDIX E. FOCUS GROUP QUESTIONS. 59 APPENDIX F. FOCUS GROUP INSTRUCTIONS. 60 APPENDIX G. POWERPOINT SLIDE DECK . 61 2 INSTAGRAM IMPACT ON PROFESSIONAL SELF-EFFICACY Abstract A lack of diversity currently exists with regard to student enrollment in nursing programs in theA lack of diversity currently exists with regard to student enrollment in nursing programs in the United States. This has greatly impacted the current nursing workforce. Literature review findings indicate that little is known regarding the use of social media, specifically Instagram, as a means for promoting recruitment and professional self-efficacy among current and prospective minority nurse anesthesia students. This project aimed to investigate the impact of an educational Instagram account and outline the views of minority nurse anesthesia students. The secondary aim was to explore barriers to nurse anesthesia education and identify recruitment strategies for anesthesia programs. Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory of self-efficacy served as the theoretical underpinning. This mixed-methods sequential explanatory project incorporated an anonymous online survey with qualitative content analysis. A convenience sample of 96 Instagram users were surveyed and 16 were asked to participate in virtual semi-structured interviews. Eighty-eight percent of respondents reported using Instagram several times a day, with 91% believing it is a good source of motivation. Thematic analysis under Braun and Clarke’s approach revealed that participants engaged in social media to see others with a similar background. Instagram may be a useful strategy to build minority students’ self-efficacy and increase professional socialization. The findings suggest Instagram is an important tool by which students can engage in to support their learning, self-efficacy and eliminate barriers to graduate education in nurse anesthesia. This may in part impact interest in nurse anesthesia and aid in the development of guidelines to enhance graduate education and recruitment.