Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF EXTENDED RELEASE ETHYLCELLULOSE BASED MATRIX TABLET OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM

Objective: The present study involved the preparation of Diclofenac sodium extended release hydrophobic matrix tablets formulated from Ethylcellulose polymer following its different grades, Ethocel Standard Premium and Ethocel Standard FP Premium. Methods: The matrix tablets were prepared with wet granulation method. Lubricated blends were characterized for physical properties like loose bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr’s index, Hausner ́s ratio; all blends showed satisfactory properties. Tablets were evaluated for uniformity of weight, thickness, hardness, percentage (%) friability and in vitro release studies. Effect of viscosity and particle size of ethylcellulose on drug release was determined. Results: Lower viscosity grades of ethylcellulose were more compressible than higher viscosity grades, allowing production of harder tablets. Ethylcellulose grades with fine particle size showed better control on drug release rate. The release of diclofenac sodium was prolonged with increase in the concentration of ethylcellulose. Effect of diluent on drug release was also studied by comparing microcrystalline cellulose, dicalcium phosphate and lactose. Dicalcium phosphate had maximum retarding capacity followed by microcrystalline cellulose then lactose. The release kinetics of the final batch (K017) prepared using ethylcellulose followed Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. Conclusion: This study reveals that a combination of low viscosity and fine particle grade (Ethocel 7cps FP Premium) was the best grade for controlling the release rate. The optimized formulation has drug release profile up to 24hours.
Pioglitazone Attenuates Cardiac Fibrosis and Hypertrophy in a Rat Model of Diabetic Nephropathy

Pioglitazone has been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular outcomes. However, little is known about its effect on cardiac remodeling associated with diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, this study was designed to study the effects of pioglitazone on cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy. For this purpose, male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 10 per group): normal (N) group, diabetic (D) group, diabetic nephropathic (DN) group received an equal amount of vehicle (0.5% carboxy methyl cellulose), and diabetic nephropathic group treated by oral administration of pioglitazone (10 mg/kg per d) for 4 weeks. Diabetic nephropathy was induced by subtotal nephrectomy plus streptozotocin (STZ) injection. The results revealed that DN rats showed excessive deposition of collagen fibers in their cardiac tissue, along with a marked myocyte hypertrophy. This was associated with a dramatic upregulation of cardiac transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) gene. Furthermore, the gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) decreased, while the gene expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) increased in the hearts of DN rats. In addition, enhanced lipid peroxidation and myocardial injury, evidenced by a significant increase in their serum creatine kinase-MB level were observed in DN rats. All these abnormalities were ameliorated by pioglitazone administration. Our findings suggest that upregulation of cardiac TGF-β1 gene along with the imbalance between MMP-2 and TIMP-2 expressions is critically involved in cardiac fibrosis associated with diabetic nephropathy. Pioglitazone can ameliorate cardiac remodeling by suppressing the gene expression of TGF-β1 and regulating the MMP-2/TIMP-2 system.
A Logical Representation of Common Rules for Controlling Access to Classified Information

Official policies for controlling access to classified information in the U.S. are quite complex and often difficult to enforce. We present an encoding of a common core of these policies in an authorization logic, and describe their rigorous enforcement in PCFS, a file system implemented for such purposes. †Author affiliation: Symantec Corporation This work was partially supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory under grant number FA87500720028. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Air Force Research Laboratory, the U.S. Government, Symantec Corporation or Carnegie Mellon.
Clinically relevant biomarkers in autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder !

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are common and complex neurodevelopmental disorders. They are diagnosed based solely upon behavioral criteria with little to no consideration for potential biomedical underpinnings. Newer evidence, however, reveals that ASD is characterized by oxidative stress, decreased methylation capacity, limited production of glutathione, mitochondrial dysfunction, intestinal dysbiosis, increased toxic metal burden, immune dysregulation with a unique inflammatory bowel disease and immune activation of neuroglial cells, and ongoing brain hypoperfusion. Oxidative stress and immune dysregulation are also common features present in children with ADHD. These medical conditions have synergistically negative effects on development, cognition, focus, and attention. It is likely these biological abnormalities contribute significantly to the behavioral symptoms intrinsic in these disorders. Treatment for the underlying medical disorders is medically justified even if no clear immediate behavioral improvement is observed. In this article, we review the medical literature and discuss our clinical experience using various biomarkers for measuring oxidative stress, methylation capacity and transsulfuration, immune function, gastrointestinal problems, and toxic metal burden. These biomarkers are useful to guide the selection, efficacy, and sufficiency of biomedical interventions. The use of biomarkers is of greater importance in young children and individuals of any age with ASD, because they typically cannot adequately communicate regarding their symptoms.
Pedagogical stances and their multimodal signals

The paper defines the notion of pedagogical stance, viewed as the type of position taken, the role assumed, the image projected and the types of social behaviours performed by a teacher in her teaching interaction with a pupil. Two aspects of pedagogical stance, didactic and affective ― relational, are distinguished and a hypothesis is put forward about their determinant factors (the teacher's personality, idea of one's role and of the learning process, and model of the pupil). Based on a qualitative analysis of the verbal and bodily behaviour of teachers in a corpus of teacher-pupil interactions, the paper singles out two didactic stances (maieutic and efficient) and four affective-relational ones (friendly, dominating, paternalistic, and secure base). Some examples of these stances are analysed in detail and the respective patterns of verbal and behavioural signals that typically characterize the six types of stances are outlined.
Stimulant Use and Progression to AIDS or Mortality After the Initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Background:HIV-positive persons who use stimulants (eg, methamphetamine) experience profound health disparities, but it remains unclear whether these persist after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation. Conducted within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, this investigation examined whether stimulant use is associated with progression to AIDS or all-cause mortality after the initiation of HAART. Methods:Using marginal structural modeling, the cumulative proportion of visits where any stimulant use was reported (ie, 0%, 1%–49%, 50%–99%, and 100%) was examined as a time-varying predictor of (1) all-cause mortality and (2) AIDS or all-cause mortality. Results:Among the 1313 men who have sex with men (MSM) who initiated HAART, findings showed no significant association of any level of stimulant use with all-cause mortality. A competing risk analysis indicated that no level of stimulant use was associated with increased AIDS-related or non-AIDS mortality separately. Among the 648 participants without AIDS at HAART initiation, a secondary analysis indicated that stimulant use at 50% or more of study visits was associated with a 1.5-fold increase in the odds of progression to AIDS or all-cause mortality (adjusted odds ratio = 1.54; 95% confidence interval: 1.02 to 2.33; P < 0.05). Conclusions:HIV-positive stimulant-using MSM receiving HAART seem to face no greater overall risks for all-cause, AIDS-related, or non-AIDS mortality compared with nonusers. However, men without AIDS at HAART initiation who more frequently reported stimulant use demonstrated modestly increased odds of progression to AIDS or all-cause mortality. Comprehensive approaches are needed to optimize the effectiveness of HAART with stimulant-using MSM.
Amplification of Single Mechanical Fault Signatures Using Full Adaptive PMSM Observer

This paper presents a localized mechanical fault detection method using a full adaptive permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) observer in a d/q reference frame. It appears that the fault sensitivity of PMSM stator currents and rotor speed measurements is very low with regard to single mechanical faults. That is why an amplification of single mechanical fault signatures in frequency domain is proposed by adjusting the adaptive PMSM observer gains. To study the influence of the adaptive PMSM observer gains on fault signatures, the observer model is first of all linearized at an operating point. Then, the static gain, the resonance, and the quality factor Q of different transfer functions are analyzed. A dedicated experimental setup based on an original mechanical fault emulator and a 7.8 kW PMSM drive is designed to validate the simulation results. The simulation and the experimental results show that the proposed method is effective to amplify single mechanical fault signatures and the calculated fault indicator.
Media monitoring and information extraction for the highly inflected agglutinative language Hungarian

The Europe Media Monitor (EMM) is a fully-automatic system that analyses written online news by gathering articles in over 70 languages and by applying text analysis software for currently 21 languages, without using linguistic tools such as parsers, part-of-speech taggers or morphological analysers. In this paper, we describe the effort of adding to EMM Hungarian text mining tools for news gathering; document categorisation; named entity recognition and classification for persons, organisations and locations; name lemmatisation; quotation recognition; and cross-lingual linking of related news clusters. The major challenge of dealing with the Hungarian language is its high degree of inflection and agglutination. We present several experiments where we apply linguistically light-weight methods to deal with inflection and we propose a method to overcome the challenges. We also present detailed frequency lists of Hungarian person and location name suffixes, as found in real-life news texts. This empirical data can be used to draw further conclusions and to improve existing Named Entity Recognition software. Within EMM, the solutions described here will also be applied to other morphologically complex languages such as those of the Slavic language family. The media monitoring and analysis system EMM is freely accessible online via the web page http://emm.newsbrief. eu/overview.html.
Electromagnetic simulation workflow for RF modules in the age of LTE

This paper describes a novel workflow for the electromagnetic (EM) simulation of radio frequency (RF) filters and modules for 4G mobile applications. Its main advantage is the automatic creation of complex EM simulation models, including simulation settings, allowing for shorter design cycles. The simulation workflow and the achieved accuracy are illustrated by means of examples.
Title Prescribing pattern of anti-Parkinson drugs in Japan : a trendanalysis from 2005 to 2010

Objective: Therapeutic options for Parkinson’s disease mainly consist of L-dopa and dopamine agonists. However, in Japan, the product labeling of the ergot dopamine agonists, cabergoline and pergolide, was revised in April 2007 due to the risk of developing cardiac valvulopathy. Here, we describe the prescribing trends of anti-Parkinson drugs from 2005 through 2010 in Japan, and examined whether these trends changed after the drug safety measures in 2007. Methods and Patients: We used medical claim data from January 2005 to December 2010 for Parkinson’s disease patients older than 30 years who were prescribed anti-Parkinson drugs. We calculated the proportion of patients prescribed each drug for each year, and compared the proportions of first-line drugs prescribed before and after April 2007. We also examined the prescription variations of cabergoline/pergolide users one year before or after April 2007. Results: L-dopa was the most frequently prescribed drug for Parkinson’s disease (2005, 58%; 2010, 51%). The proportion of patients prescribed ergot dopamine agonists markedly decreased and non-ergot dopamine agonists increased after 2007. Among first-line drugs, the proportion of non-ergot agents increased after April 2007. Among 54 cabergoline/pergolide users, 24 (44%) discontinued these drugs, nine of whom switched to non-ergot agents. Conclusion: L-dopa was the mainstay of Parkinson’s disease treatment between 2005 and 2010 in Japan. There was a decrease in ergot agents and an increase in non-ergot agents prescribed after the regulatory actions in 2007. Citation: Nakaoka S, Ishizaki T, Urushihara H, Satoh T, Ikeda S, et al. (2014) Prescribing Pattern of Anti-Parkinson Drugs in Japan: A Trend Analysis from 2005 to 2010. PLoS ONE 9(6): e99021. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0099021 Editor: Kenji Hashimoto, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Japan Received February 17, 2014; Accepted May 9, 2014; Published June 6, 2014 Copyright: 2014 Nakaoka et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: The authors have no support or funding to report. Competing Interests: Hisashi Urushihara is a paid consultant for Eli Lilly Japan K.K. This study was conducted independently from any pharmaceutical companies. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. * E-mail: nakayama.takeo. 4a@kyoto-u.ac. jp
Mak5 and Ebp2 Act Together on Early Pre-60S Particles and Their Reduced Functionality Bypasses the Requirement for the Essential Pre-60S Factor Nsa1

Ribosomes are the molecular machines that translate mRNAs into proteins. The synthesis of ribosomes is therefore a fundamental cellular process and consists in the ordered assembly of 79 ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) and four ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) into a small 40S and a large 60S ribosomal subunit that form the translating 80S ribosomes. Most of our knowledge concerning this dynamic multi-step process comes from studies with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which have shown that assembly and maturation of pre-ribosomal particles, as they travel from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm, relies on a multitude (>200) of biogenesis factors. Amongst these are many energy-consuming enzymes, including 19 ATP-dependent RNA helicases and three AAA-ATPases. We have previously shown that the AAA-ATPase Rix7 promotes the release of the essential biogenesis factor Nsa1 from late nucleolar pre-60S particles. Here we show that mutant alleles of genes encoding the DEAD-box RNA helicase Mak5, the C/D-box snoRNP component Nop1 and the rRNA-binding protein Nop4 bypass the requirement for Nsa1. Interestingly, dominant-negative alleles of RIX7 retain their phenotype in the absence of Nsa1, suggesting that Rix7 may have additional nuclear substrates besides Nsa1. Mak5 is associated with the Nsa1 pre-60S particle and synthetic lethal screens with mak5 alleles identified the r-protein Rpl14 and the 60S biogenesis factors Ebp2, Nop16 and Rpf1, which are genetically linked amongst each other. We propose that these ’Mak5 cluster’ factors orchestrate the structural arrangement of a eukaryote-specific 60S subunit surface composed of Rpl6, Rpl14 and Rpl16 and rRNA expansion segments ES7L and ES39L. Finally, over-expression of Rix7 negatively affects growth of mak5 and ebp2 mutant cells both in the absence and presence of Nsa1, suggesting that Rix7, at least when excessively abundant, may act on structurally defective pre-60S subunits and may subject these to degradation.
UV-Curable Polymer Microhemisphere-Based Fiber-Optic Fabry–Perot Interferometer for Simultaneous Measurement of Refractive Index and Temperature

A fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer based on UV-curable polymer microhemisphere is proposed and demonstrated. The polymer microhemisphere is formed by adhering and solidifying a liquid microdroplet of UV-curable adhesive to the end face of a cleaved single-mode fiber. The height of polymer microhemisphere could be flexibly controlled by adjusting the diameter of a single-mode fiber. The theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the refractive index (RI) and the temperature of external environment can be simultaneously measured by the fringe contrast variation and the wavelength shift of reflection spectra separately, alleviating the cross sensitivity effectively. The obtained temperature and RI sensitivities are about 0.19 nm/°C and 260 dB/RIU in the RI range of 1.38-1.42.
A novel analogue circuit for controlling prosthetic hands

This paper presents a compact analogue circuit for the controlling of prosthetic hands. The circuit captures directly surface EMG signals as the input by which the user will be able to select different postures. The proposed circuit is able to work using only one EMG source targeting patients with different levels of amputation. It is also adaptable for different users with different EMG amplitude signals and the motion of each finger can be varied in the circuit even with the single EMG. Real captured EMG signals are applied to the design and simulation results demonstrate the capability of the circuit in processing EMG signals and controlling the prosthetic hand in an efficient way. The circuit is designed and implemented with 0.12 mum CMOS technology and consumes 4 mW power for a set of sample postures.
Comparison of habitat use during early life stage between ayu Plecoglossus altivelis and ice goby Leucopsarion petersi along the sanriku coast of Japan, as determined from otolith microchemistry

The habitat use and migration of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis was compared to that of ice goby Leucopsarion petersi using otolith microchemistry analysis. Both species were collected along the Sanriku Coast. Otolith Sr: Ca ratios of ayu fluctuated strongly along the life history transect in accordance with the migration (habitat) pattern from fresh water to sea water. The Sr: Ca ratios of the center region averaged 3.2×10−3; thereafter, the ratios increased sharply, averaging 9.2×10−3, and were maintained at the higher levels until the outermost regions. By contrast, the Sr: Ca ratios of ice goby showed consistently high values along the life history transect of the otolith, ranging 9.0×10−3 in the center to 9.2×10−3 in regions outside the center, with further increases around the otolith edge. These findings indicate that ayu shows a typical amphidromous migratory pattern, while ice goby does not show the anadromous migratory pattern previously reported. The use of a freshwater environment during the early developmental stage in ice goby along the Sanriku Coast was less prominent than that of ayu in the same region.
Enhanced Method for Text Searching Using Compression in Information Retrieval

With the exponential rise in the volume of database there is a demand for faster and timely retrieval of data.Early data retrieval (IR) systems used straightforward tools of word matching, and the texts to be searched were small.But in the present situation, due to giant volume of knowledge sources ,which too is in numerous forms, there is a requirement of additional Economical retrieval techniques which might retrieve only that part of the data which has relevancy. This paper discusses the underlying Principles and challenges of IR, and provides relatives Complexities of tools and techniques for the 2 major jobs performed by any IR system, i.e., data illustration and knowledge Retrieval.
Color image enhancement method using a space-variant luminance map

This paper presents a method for improving the contrast of color images. A variable and nonlinear gamma characteristic is applied to the input image, depending on the local dependency of the intensity. In this work, we present a local contrast correction algorithm that allows for simultaneous low-light region and high-light region adjustments, based on simple pixel-wise gamma correction. Also, to minimize the change in color saturation between the input and the output image, we present the applied local characteristic.
Effect of Composition of Mixed Meals—Low-Versus High-Carbohydrate Content—on Insulin, Glucagon, and Somatostatin Release in Healthy Humans and in Patients With NIDDM

Effects of a low-carbohydrate high-fat meal (LCM) versus a high-carbohydrate low-fat meal (HCM) on insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin release in nonobese healthy volunteers and in subjects with mild non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were compared. The meals were isocaloric. In the LCM, 26% of energy was supplied by carbohydrate, 51% by fat, and 23% by protein, whereas corresponding figures for HCM were 62, 22, and 16%. Hormonal responses were expressed as incremental areas over baseline. In healthy volunteers the HCM had a significantly greater effect on the insulin response than did the LCM. In contrast, in the diabetic group the insulin response to HCM was markedly impaired and was of the same magnitude as that to LCM. Glucagon release was significantly augmented after LCM in the nondiabetic as well as in the diabetic group, despite a pronounced and concomitant hyperglycemia in the latter. Moreover, HCM tended to stimulate glucagon release but only in the diabetic subjects. LCM and HCM induced a significant and sustained elevation of somatostatin levels in both groups; these responses were not significantly influenced by glucose tolerance or composition of meal. In conclusion, the present study suggests that at least two islet dysfunctions—decreased insulin response and enhanced glucagon release—characterize mild NIDDM. With a high-carbohydrate meal, a severe impairment of insulin secretion and a slight pardoxical glucagon release are observed. With a low-carbohydrate fat-rich meal, (β-cell responsiveness seems to be intact, but α-cellsecretion is enhanced.