Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Improved Distance Vector Routing Protocol for UDP Traffic

The idea of Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks is to support communication where readily available infrastructure is missing. Nodes are expected to forward each other messages to the final destination within a decentralized environment. In mobile communication, finding the best routing path is always been a problem. DSDV protocol is well-known for its packet dropping problem in the event of link breakages. Whereas, IDSDV protocol as its popular enhancement, assigned to address this specific issue. But, this also gives rise to a question whether IDSDV does not degrade other performance parameters of DSDV. In this paper, we investigate the performance of IDSDV against DSDV specific for UDP traffics, for parameters such as average end-to-end delay, routing overhead and normalized routing load. Simulation result reaffirms that IDSDV has to some degree resolved the stale route problem within DSDV. Moreover, IDSDV outclasses DSDV in most aspects notably within highly density and dynamic environment.
An Economic Analysis of the Use of Citations in the Law

This paper examines the use of citations analysis as an empirical tool for understanding aspects of the legal system and for improving the performance of the system. Emphasis is laid on the use of such analysis as a means to evaluate courts and judges (and therefore as a judicial-management tool), to test hypotheses about judicial behavior, and to evaluate and improve legal scholarship. It is argued that economic models, particularly of reputation and of human capital, can frame and guide the use of citations analysis in law.
Reliability of electromyography parameters during stair deambulation in patellofemoral pain syndrome

La reproducibilidad es esencial para todos los aspectos de la medida, ya que muestra la calidad de la informacion y permite conclusiones racionales con respecto a los datos. Ademas, los resultados son controvertidos en parametros electromiograficos evaluados durante el ascenso y descenso escaleras en las personas con sindrome de dolor patelofemoral (SDPF). Por eso tenemos la intencion de determinar la reproducibilidad de los parametros electromiograficos en el tiempo y la frecuencia en ambos gestos en mujeres con SDPF. 31 mujeres com SDPF fueron seleccionadas. Se recogieron datos del vasto lateral y medial durante ascenso y descenso de escaleras. Los parametros seleccionados fueron: inicio automatico, frecuencia mediana, bandas de baja, media y alta frecuencia. La reproducibilidad se determino mediante el coeficiente de correlacion intraclase y el error estandar de medicion. Las variables en el dominio de la frecuencia mostraron buena reproducibilidad, el ascenso presento los mejores indices, y el inicio demostro ser inconsistente. Estos resultados sugieren que el ascenso de la escalera es mas confiable que el descenso para evaluar individuos con SDPF en la mayoria de los casos.
Sparse Representations in Power Systems Signals

This thesis seeks to detect transient disturbances in power system signals in a sparse framework. To this end, an overcomplete wavelet packet dictionary and damped sinusoid dictionary are considered, and for each dictionary Matching Pursuit is compared with Basis Pursuit. Previous work in developing waveform dictionary theory and sparse representation is reviewed, and simulations are run on a test signal in both noisy and noiseless environments. The solutions are viewed as time-frequency plane tilings to compare the accuracy and sparsity of these algorithms in properly resolving optimal representations of the disturbances. The advantages and disadvantages of each combination of dictionary and algorithm are presented.
A non-destructive investigation of the skull of the small theropod dinosaur, Coelophysis rhodesiensis, using CT scans and rapid prototyping

To solve preparation problems encountered in an exceptionally fragile skull of the small theropod dinosaur, Coelophysis rhodesiensis, CT scans were taken of the partially prepared skull, from which a three-dimensional wax model was built using a ‘reverse engineering’ rapid prototyping technique. The resulting wax model was then consulted to trace and describe cranial elements of the dinosaur that were otherwise concealed by the matrix or overlying bones, which could not be removed without risk of damage to the original fossil bone.
Analysis on the Impacts of Governor Parameters in Isolated Power Grid

In order to analysis the impact of governor parameters on the performance of primary frequency regulation, this paper built a closed loop speed regulating system model formed by turbine and generator, which is closer to the practical system. The paper simplify the high-order system in engineering by applying the conception of closed loop dominant pole. The influences of the changing of some parameters on the speed-regulating performance were intuitively present by using the performance analysis approximation method of root locus in control theory, it is pointed out the influence of the important parameters of governor control on performance of speed control system. Finally, the theory analysis is verified by the simulation results.
Differential Power Analysis Attacks Based on the Multiple Correlation Coefficient

In this paper we research a new power analysis attack method: the differential power analysis attacks based on the multiple correlation coefficient (MCPA). This attack method is based on statistical theory that multiple linear regression. Conditions of the MCPA method of attack are weaker than ones of CPA attacks. In this paper, we indicate that MCPA attacks have same effect with CPA attacks in this weak condition. We perform the simulated attacks and the practical attacks for the two kinds of attack methods to verify this conclusion. The results show that the conclusion is correct for the first-order DPA. We also describe the CPA attacks using simple linear regression model for comparison of two attack methods. The experiments results show that this chosen traces attack is stronger than the previous methods.
Review: Dermatological Skin Disease Detection and Classification Based on Wavelet Transform and Artificial Neural Network

One of the most common and augmenting health problems in the world are related to skin. The most unpredictable and one of the most difficult entities to automatically detect and evaluate is the human skin disease because of complexities of texture, tone, presence of hair and other distinctive features. Many cases of skin diseases in the world have triggered a need to develop an effective automated screening method for detection and diagnosis of the area of disease. Therefore the objective of this work is to develop a new technique for automated detection and analysis of the skin disease images based on color and texture information for skin disease screening. In this paper, system is proposed which detects the skin diseases using Wavelet Techniques and Artificial Neural Network. This paper presents a wavelet-based texture analysis method for classification of five types of skin diseases. The method applies tree-structured wavelet transform on different color channels of red, green and blue dermoscopy images, and employs various statistical measures and ratios on wavelet coefficients. In all 99 unique features are extracted from the image. By using Artificial Neural Network, the system successfully detects different types of dermatological skin diseases. It consists of mainly three phases image processing, training phase, detection and classification phase.
Timeliness of annual report releases in relation to the direction and magnitude of earnings and share price evaluation : the case of Malaysia

This paper examines the relationship b etween the timing of earnings announcement and the direction and magnitude of earnings for more than 2482 firm-years in the Bursa Malaysia. The results confirm that CEOs time their earnings announcement based on the direction and magnitude of the unexpected earnings. CEOs announce earnings early for positive unexpected earnings, and delay the announcement for negative unexpected earnings. The market reacts to the timing of the a nnouncement accordingly. These findings are relevant and u seful t o judge company performance by observing the announcement date of the company, especially those that perform less than satisfactorily in anticipation of bad news release from these firms.
Sale Forecasting of Merck Pharma Company Using ARMA Model

This study aims to develop a stochastic framework of model to forecast future sales for pharmaceutical industry. In this regard, the study focuses on Merck Pharmaceutical monthly sales data. This study examines the Sale forecasting models. The study includes monthly data published in the annual reports of the company from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2012. The time series diagram shows unequal means over the time period that suggests the data is stationary. Having transformed the data, ARMA (1, 1) model is applied which shows that there will be increase in sales by $6.784m given that in the last month sales were $1bn. On the contrary, last month’s residual has an adverse effect on current month sales up to the extent of $432.942m. In this study AR (1) and MA (1) both the processes are significant at 1%.
Amphiphiles Self-Assembly: Basic Concepts and Future Perspectives of Supramolecular Approaches

Amphiphiles are synthetic or natural molecules with the ability to self-assemble into a wide variety of structures including micelles, vesicles, nanotubes, nanofibers, and lamellae. Self-assembly processes of amphiphiles have been widely used to mimic biological systems, such as assembly of lipids and proteins, while their integrated actions allow the performance of highly specific cellular functions which has paved a way for bottom-up bionanotechnology. While amphiphiles self-assembly has attracted considerable attention for decades due to their extensive applications in material science, drug and gene delivery, recent developments in nanoscience stimulated the combination of the simple approaches of amphiphile assembly with the advanced concept of supramolecular self-assembly for the development of more complex, hierarchical nanostructures. Introduction of stimulus responsive supramolecular amphiphile assembly-disassembly processes provides particularly novel approaches for impacting bionanotechnology applications. Leading examples of these novel self-assembly processes can be found, in fact, in biosystems where assemblies of different amphiphilic macrocomponents and their integrated actions allow the performance of highly specific biological functions. In this perspective, we summarize in this tutorial review the basic concept and recent research on self-assembly of traditional amphiphilic molecules (such as surfactants, amphiphile-like polymers, or lipids) and more recent concepts of supramolecular amphiphiles assembly which have become increasingly important in emerging nanotechnology.
SINGLE MACHINE DUE DATE ASSIGNMENT SCHEDULING PROBLEM WITH PRECEDENCE CONSTRAINTS AND CONTROLLABLE PROCESSING TIMES IN FUZZY ENVIRONMENT

In this paper, a due date assignment scheduling problem with precedence constraints and controllable processing times in uncertain environment is investigated, in which the basic processing time of each job is assumed to be the symmetric trapezoidal fuzzy number, and the linear resource consumption function is used. The objective is to minimize the crisp possibilistic mean (or expected) value of a cost function that includes the costs of earliness, tardiness, makespan and resource consumption jointly by scheduling the jobs under precedence constraints and determining the due date and the resource allocation amount satisfying resource constraints for each job. First, the problem is shown to be NP-hard. Furthermore, an optimal algorithm with polynomial time for the special case of this problem is put forward. Moreover, an efficient 2-approximation algorithm is presented based on solving the relaxation of the problem. Finally, the numerical experiment is given, whose results show that our method is promising.
Assessing Crown Fire Potential by Linking Models of Surface and Crown Fire Behavior

Assessing crown fire potential by linking models of and behavior. Fire managers are increasingly concerned about the threat of crown fires, yet only now are quantitative methods for assessing crown fire hazard being developed. Links among existing mathematical models of fire behavior are used to develop two indices of crown fire hazard—the Torching Index and Crowning Index. These indices can be used to ordinate different forest stands by their relative susceptibility to crown fire and to compare the effectiveness of crown fire mitigation treatments. The coupled model was used to simulate the wide range of fire behavior possible in a forest stand, from a low-intensity surface fire to a high-intensity active crown fire, for the purpose of comparing potential fire behavior. The hazard indices and behavior simulations incorporate the effects of surface fuel characteristics, dead and live fuel moistures (surface and crown), slope steepness, canopy base height, canopy bulk density, and wind reduction by the canopy. Example simulations are for western Montana Pinus ponderosa and Pinus contorta stands. Although some of the models presented here have had limited testing or restricted geographic applicability, the concepts will apply to models for other regions and new models with greater geographic applicability. studies of fuel tree and This paper presents a method of assessing crown fire potential by linking separate models of surface fire spread and intensity, crown fire spread rate, and transition to crown fire. Three indices of crown fire potential are computed from a description of surface fuels, canopy fuels, and site characteristics. The Torching Index is the open windspeed at which the transition from surface to crown fire is expected. The Crowning Index is the open windspeed at which fully active crown fire is possible. The Surfacing Index is the open windspeed at which an active crown fire is expected to cease, either from failure to meet the minimum mass-flow rate or from failure of the after-crowning contribution of surface fuels to fireline intensity to meet the minimum necessary for crown fire initiation. From The accuracy simulations improved model results onsite
Concentration of alfa-terpineol and (2-dodecanoyloxyethyl)trimethyl ammonium bromide required for prevention of air bubble coalescence in aqueous solutions

Flotation is a widely used process in mineral processing. It utilizes different reagents including, collectors and frothers. It was proposed by Cho and Laskowski to use the so-called critical coalescence concentration (CCC) for characterization of flotation frothers. In this paper the CCC values were determined for α-terpineol, which is widely used as a frother in laboratory flotation tests, and for (2-dodecanoyloxyethyl)trimethylammonium bromide (DMM-11) which represents a broad family of reagents known as chemodegradable cationic surfactants. The CCC for α-terpineol was found to be 0.16 mmol/dm while for DMM-1, depending of the procedure of approximation, between 0.06 and 0.14 mmol/dm.
The false lucre of low-pressure SAGD

The current trend in the planned application of the SAGD process is towards low-pressure steam injection. The intention is to be more thermally efficient, since steam at lower pressures has a greater proportion of its heat in the form of latent heat, as opposed to the specific heat (“sensible heat”) invested in heating water to the boiling point. Latent heat is the predominant source of heat released to the cold reservoir, which then warms up to the steam temperature thus mobilizing the bitumen; therefore, it is essential that the SAGD process be thermally efficient for optimal economic viability. However, the more rigorous examination of the SAGD process presented here, inclusive of surface processes, reveals that there is no thermal benefit in operating at lower pressures. In addition, the process will be hindered by low-pressure injection due to the higher viscosities and the inhibited dilation of the unconsolidated sandstone reservoir. This paper demonstrates that a complete analysis of the SAGD process favours operation at high pressures, and that the yet-unproven operation of SAGD at low pressures will be less effective.
Adaptive refactoring using a core-based clustering approach

Improving the software systems design through refactoring is the most important issue during the evolution of object oriented software systems. Refactoring aims at changing a software system in such a way that it does not alter the external behavior of the code, but improves its internal structure. We have previously intoduced an original approach, named CARD (Clustering Approach for Refactorings Determination) that uses clustering for improving the class structure of a software system. In this paper we extend our approach and propose an adaptive method to cope with the evolving structure of any object oriented application. Namely, we handle here the case when new application classes are added to the software system and the current restructuring scheme must be accordingly adapted. We provide an example illustrating the efficiency of the proposed approach.
A protocol for sampling vascular epiphyte richness and abundance

Abstract: The sampling of epiphytes is fraught with methodological difficulties. We present a protocol to sample and analyse vascular epiphyte richness and abundance in forests of different structure (SVERA). Epiphyte abundance is estimated as biomass by recording the number of plant components in a range of size cohorts. Epiphyte species biomass is estimated on 35 sample-trees, evenly distributed over six trunk diameter-size cohorts (10 trees with dbh > 30 cm). Tree height, dbh and number of forks (diameter > 5 cm) yield a dimensionless estimate of the size of the tree. Epiphyte dry weight and species richness between forests is compared with ANCOVA that controls for tree size. SChao1 is used as an estimate of the total number of species at the sites. The relative dependence of the distribution of the epiphyte communities on environmental and spatial variables may be assessed using multivariate analysis and Mantel test. In a case study, we compared epiphyte vegetation of six Mexican oak forests and one Colombian oak forest at similar elevation. We found a strongly significant positive correlation between tree size and epiphyte richness or biomass at all sites. In forests with a higher diversity of host trees, more trees must be sampled. Epiphyte biomass at the Colombian site was lower than in any of the Mexican sites; without correction for tree size no significant differences in terms of epiphyte biomass could be detected. The occurrence of spatial dependence, at both the landscape level and at the tree level, shows that the inclusion of spatial descriptors in SVERA is justified.
Evaluation of Random Early Detection and Adaptive Random Early Detection in Benchmark Scenarios

In this paper, we evaluate Random Early Detection (RED) and Adaptive RED (ARED) in Benchmark Scenarios as detailed in RFC 7928. RED is one of the early proposed AQM mechanisms, which attains high throughput and keeps average delay low. Moreover, ARED is an extension to RED which eliminates the parameter sensitivity to improve the performance of RED. The results indicate that RED outperforms ARED in scenarios with abrupt changes in traffic load. ARED is known to reduce the packet drops and therefore, in rest of the scenarios it can be observed that ARED outperforms RED.
Regulatory Uncertainty and the Natural Gas Industry in the US

The United States is in the midst of a natural gas boom, but it’s unclear how long this high level of extraction is sustainable given the regulatory trajectory around carbon emissions and climate change. This paper examines how natural gas firms perceive regulatory uncertainty as measured by their capital expenditure. Using rig count data as a proxy for natural gas capital investment, I explore different ways to measure the perceived threat of state-level regulation and differing firm responses. I find strong evidence that regulatory uncertainty decreases the capital investments of firms, although I find that the effect of proposed regulation declines after about four months.
Fatal General Aviation Accidents in Furtherance of Business (1996–2015): Rates, Risk Factors, and Accident Causes

Introduction: General aviation missions related to furtherance of business potentially carry higher risk (operations in adverse weather, at night, for longer distances) than those undertaken for recreation. The study herein was undertaken to determine fatal accident rates, proportions, and risk factors/causes. Method: The National Transportation Safety Board aviation accident database was queried for accidents (1996–2015). Annual fleet times were from the general aviation annual activity survey. Statistical analyses used Poisson distributions, proportion testing, and Cohen’s Kappa tests. Results: The fatal accident rate for business operations was threeto six-fold lower than the rate for recreational flights with a decline evident between 1996 and 2015. However, a higher proportion of business-related accidents were fatal (33%) compared with recreational flight mishaps (22%). Business-related, fatal accidents were over-represented for operations of longer flight distance, non-daylight hours, and degraded visibility. The most frequent accident cause categories were a deficiency in pilot skills/experience/systems knowledge (45%) and violation of the federal aviation regulations (e.g. departure into instrument conditions without an instrument flight plan, flight into known/forecast icing) (26%). Conclusion: Despite the fatal accident rate declining for business-related missions, the proportion of fatal mishaps was higher than that for recreational flights. Practical application: Towards enhancing safety (a) flight reviews should discuss alternate flight planning to circumvent the hazards of night operations, adverse weather, and fatigue, (b) pilots should be encouraged to participate in additional training, e.g. the FAAST program, and (c) pilots should avail themselves of aviation training devices for maintaining instrument proficiency.
Designation of the B Haplotypes by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and its Application to Native Chicken Populations

The B-G region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of chickens was analyzed for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), to establish standard RFLP patterns for designating the B haplotypes. Chickens from 8 lines having known B haplotypes were used to establish standard RFLP patterns. All B haplotypes were clearly diffrentiated by RFLP pattern, except for B21. The pattern of B21B21 in the Cornell-N line was differed from that in the GSP line. To ascertain the usefulness of RFLP analysis for designating B haplotype, DNA samples from another two lines with unknown B haplotypes were analyzed. A total of 10 different B haplotypes were differentiated when DNAs were digested with the HaeIII restriction endonuclease. The method was applied to analyze B haplotypes in native chicken populations. Each RFLP pattern was considerably complicated, consisting of 4 to 21 bands. Many haplotypes were detected, although the haplotype designation based on the RFLP analysis alone was difficult. It was shown that genetic distances estimated from RFLP patterns provide a reliable measurement for phylogenetic studies.