Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lack of secondary microthrombosis after thrombin‐induced stroke in mice and non‐human primates

Secondary microthrombosis is a major pathophysiologic mechanism leading to brain damage following transient mechanical vascular occlusion (TMVO), the most widely used experimental stroke model. Whether secondary microthrombosis also occurs in non‐TMVO stroke models represents an important issue for clinical translation of antimicrothrombosis therapeutic strategies.
Scalable sensing of interconnect current with magnetic tunnel junctions embedded in Cu interconnects

A current sensor that can be integrated in back-end-of-line in the CMOS process with MTJs is proposed and evaluated. We demonstrated current sensing in Cu wires of widths of 0.24 to 2.4 μm and obtained a sensitivity of up to 4.2%/mA. Moreover, we confirmed that the combination of smaller MTJs and finer wires can suppress the effects of environmental magnetic fields.
Torque-Angle-Oriented Control of Induction Machines

Two independent control inputs can be applied to an induction machine at any moment. A common characteristic among conventional control methods is that they seek to keep the flux amplitude constant so that the induction machine has control characteristics similar to those of a dc machine. In this paper, a vector control scheme based torque angle is discussed. It is shown that by keeping the torque angle constant or regulating it in an appropriate manner, dynamic performance similar to those of traditional fixed-flux-level vector control methods can be achieved with lower energy consumption and simpler operation. Objectives such as maximum efficiency, maximum power factor, or maximum torque per amp can be achieved readily in steady state under this control.
Differential relations between fronto‐limbic metabolism and executive function in patients with remitted bipolar I and bipolar II disorder

Li C‐T, Hsieh J‐C, Wang S‐J, Yang B‐H, Bai Y‐M, Lin W‐C, Lan C‐C, Su T‐P. Differential relations between fronto‐limbic metabolism and executive function in patients with remitted bipolar I and bipolar II disorder. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 831–842. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
A rotary encoder based on magneto-optical storage

A new kind of the rotary encoder based on the magneto-optical (MO) storage is proposed. Using the MO methods, a small high-precision high-response rotary encoder can be realized. High precision is achieved by a two-stage process in which the code disk is firstly written using the direct transfer recording, and then rewritten using the corrections based on the measured errors. The systems for writing to, reading from, and evaluating the MO encoder are developed, with the optimal MO encoder reading and writing parameters determined experimentally. A trial MO encoder with a resolution of 9000 pulses/revolutions is created directly from a reference encoder, delivering an accuracy of approximately 2.8 in. The maximum resolution and response frequencies achieved are 18000 p/r and 400 kHz. After the corrected transfer recording, accuracies of 1.3 in at a resolution of 2250 p/r and 1.7 in at 9000 p/r are achieved.
Histomorphological study of palatal shelf elevation during murine secondary palate formation

During mammalian secondary palate development, the palatal shelves undergo dramatic morphological changes to elevate from a vertical to a horizontal plane in the oral‐nasal cavity. We found that E14.5 mouse embryos displayed marked variations in shelf morphology that represent various intermediate states of the elevation process. With these variations, we reconstructed the sequence of shelf morphological changes that take place during the elevation process and discovered distinct patterns in different regions along the anterior‐posterior (AP) axis. Moreover, our study revealed that during the elevation process, shelf morphological changes are accompanied by tongue morphological changes, which also show distinct characteristics along the AP axis. We further discuss how to divide the palate along the AP axis based on morphological criteria. Our study provides a framework that recognizes variation in timing of palatal morphogenesis along the AP axis that will aid in the investigation of the mechanisms regulating palatal shelf elevation. Developmental Dynamics 240:1737–1744, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigating Convolutional Networks and Domain-Specific Embeddings for Semantic Classification of Citations

Citation graphs and indices underpin most bibliometric analyses. However, measures derived from citation graphs do not provide insights into qualitative aspects of scientific publications. In this work, we aim to semantically characterize citations in terms of polarity and purpose. We frame polarity and purpose detection as classification tasks and investigate the performance of convolutional networks with general and domain-specific word embeddings on these tasks. Our best performing model outperforms previously reported results on a benchmark dataset by a wide margin.
Unbiased, relevant, and reliable assessments in health care

C ausal inferences about the effects of treatments must always depend on best judgments. Because the lives and wellbeing of patients will be influenced for better or worse by the validity of these judgments, however, it is important to be explicit about the logic as well as the empirical evidence on which the judgments are based. This issue of the BMJ is about one important aspect of that logic—the attempt to control bias through randomisation. There is a growing acceptance that it is logical to try to control biases of various kinds when assessing the effects of treatments. Efforts by clinicians to control biases stretch back for at least three centuries,1 but only during the past 100 years have these become widespread. In particular, as we approach the end of the 20th century, there are now hundreds of thousands of reports of studies in which efforts have been made to control selection biases, the aim here being to distinguish differences attributable to treatments from differences that reflect the characteristics (known and unknown) of the people who have received treatment. These studies are known as randomised trials because eligible patients are allocated at random to one of two or more alternative forms of care. This …
A new method of PWM pulses generation in induction motor drive using artificial neural networks

Due to simplicity and low cost, induction motors are more useful than direct current motors. Hence the control of these motors is important. The pervious methods are fitted normally for a limited speed range and could not be used for both low speed and high speed. The voltage model is suitable for high speed because the voltage drop of stator resistance is not small in low speed voltage. The current model is suitable for low speed because of the problems of current saturation at high speed. This research present a new method of PWM pulse generating in induction motors based on artificial neural networks that in which, the switching pulses are generated by a multilayer feed-forward neural network that trained with the voltage and current references. Also, for estimation of required torque and flux information a multilayer perceptron is used. By application of this new method, there is no problem of stability at low and high speeds. The simulation results by matlab-simulink verify the proposed method in transient and steady-state operating modes.
Inhibition of Notch Signaling in Glioblastoma Targets Cancer Stem Cells via an Endothelial Cell Intermediate

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly heterogeneous malignant tumor. Recent data suggests the presence of a hierarchical organization within the GBM cell population that involves cancer cells with stem‐like behavior, capable of repopulating the tumor and contributing to its resistance to therapy. Tumor stem cells are thought to reside within a vascular niche that provides structural and functional support. However, most GBM studies involve isolated tumor cells grown under various culture conditions. Here, we use a novel three‐dimensional organotypic “explant” system of surgical GBM specimens that preserves cytoarchitecture and tumor stroma along with tumor cells. Notch inhibition in explants results in decreased proliferation and self‐renewal of tumor cells but is also associated with a decrease in endothelial cells. When endothelial cells are selectively eliminated from the explants via a toxin conjugate, we also observed a decrease in self‐renewal of tumor stem cells. These findings support a critical role for tumor endothelial cells in GBM stem cell maintenance, mediated at least in part by Notch signaling. The explant system further highlighted differences in the response to radiation between explants and isolated tumor neurospheres. Combination treatment with Notch blockade and radiation resulted in a substantial decrease in proliferation and in self‐renewal in tumor explants while radiation alone was less effective. This data suggests that the Notch pathway plays a critical role in linking angiogenesis and cancer stem cell self‐renewal and is thus a potential therapeutic target. Three‐dimensional explant systems provide a novel approach for the study of tumor and microenvironment interactions. STEM Cells 2010;28:1019–1029
The novel cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor GW637185X protects against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine toxicity

The possible neuroprotective role of a novel and highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor GW637185X was studied in a model of acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced injury of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the mouse. Stereological and microdensitometrical analysis of nigral tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cell bodies and striatal tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive terminals, respectively, showed that GW637185X exerted a full protection against MPTP-induced degeneration of the nigro-striatal pathway. In contrast to earlier studies, these findings demonstrate that acute inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 can result in a full neuroprotective effect not only on nigral DA cell bodies, but also on striatal DA terminals in the mouse MPTP model.
Model order reduction in the ℒ2-gap metric

The ℒ<sub>2</sub>-gap metric is a central component of the nu-gap (i.e. ν-gap) metric. The latter represents a good measure of the distance between systems in a closed-loop setting. For two Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) plants P<sub>1</sub> and P<sub>2</sub>, the ν-gap is expressed as δ<sub>ν</sub> (P<sub>1</sub>,P<sub>2</sub>). There are two main aspects related to the ν-gap metric. The first one is the so-called Winding Number Condition (WNC), which is associated with the Nyquist diagram, and for which an efficient computational method already exists. If this WNC does not hold then δ<sub>ν</sub> (P<sub>1</sub>,P<sub>2</sub>)=1, whereas if it does hold then we have δ<sub>ν</sub> (P<sub>1</sub>,P<sub>2</sub>):=δ<sub>ℒ2</sub> (P<sub>1</sub>,P<sub>2</sub>), with δ<sub>ℒ2</sub> (P<sub>1</sub>,P<sub>2</sub>) the ℒ<sub>2</sub>-gap metric returning a scalar in the [0-1] range. The purpose of this paper is to first present a novel method to compute the δ<sub>ℒ2</sub> (P<sub>1</sub>,P<sub>2</sub>) gap. We show that the computation of this δ<sub>ℒ2</sub> (P<sub>1</sub>,P<sub>2</sub>) gap is in fact a convex problem, that can easily be expressed as Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). Next, we show that this result can be used for model order reduction, within a Bilinear Matrix Inequalities (BMIs) framework. We illustrate the practicality of the proposed method on several numerical examples.
Delay-Limited Communications of Mobile Node With Wireless Energy Harvesting: Performance Analysis and Optimization

Wireless energy harvesting is a promising feature for supplying energy to a wireless device. However, this wireless energy supply to a mobile node is random due to mobility. In this paper, we consider performance analysis and optimization for a mobile node with delay-limited communications and wireless energy harvesting capability. Three major issues are considered: 1) an optimal transmission policy for the mobile node; 2) an energy management strategy; and 3) deployment of wireless power sources. First, a constrained Markov decision process (CMDP) model is formulated and solved to obtain the optimal packet transmission policy for minimizing the loss probability due to delay deadline violation. Second, the distributed energy management strategies of wireless power sources are analyzed. Specifically, the threshold-based strategy is considered, where the wireless power source releases wireless energy only when there are a certain number of mobile nodes in its harvesting coverage. Third, the wireless power sources can be optimally deployed to minimize the long-term cost composed of deployment and power consumption costs. The analysis and optimization are presented in a unified framework, which can be applied to the given issues jointly.
Testicular toxicity of chlorpyrifos (an organophosphate pesticide) in albino rat

Organophosphates are among the most widely used synthetic insect pesticides. The widespread use of organophosphates has stimulated research into the possible existence of effects related with their reproductive toxic activity. Present study was therefore, undertaken to assess the effects of chlorpyrifos on testes, the main organ of male reproduction. Chlorpyrifos at the dose levels of 7.5, 12.5 and 17.5 mg/kg b. wt. /day was administered orally to male rats of Wistar strain for 30 days to evaluate the toxic alterations in testicular histology, biochemistry, sperm dynamics and testosterone levels. The body weight of animals did not show any significant change, however, a significant reduction was observed in testes. Chlorpyrifos also brought about marked reduction in epididymal and testicular sperm counts in exposed males and a decrease in serum testosterone concentration. Histopathological examination of testes showed mild to severe degenerative changes in seminiferous tubules at various dose levels. Fertility test showed 85% negative results. A significant reduction in the sialic acid content of testes and testicular glycogen was noticed, whereas the protein and cholesterol content was raised at significant levels. All these toxic effects are moderate at low doses and become severe at higher dose levels. From the results of the present study it is concluded that chlorpyrifos induces severe testicular damage and results in reduction in sperm count and thus affect fertility. Small changes in sperm counts are known to have adverse affects on human fertility. Therefore, application of such insecticide should be limited to a designed programme. Toxicology and Industrial Health 2007; 23: 439—444.
Metabolic disorders of fatty acids and fatty acid amides associated with human gastric cancer morbidity.

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common types of cancer in the world. A change in the metabolism of lipids in tumor cells could lead to the pathogenesis of cancer. In this study, we investigated fatty acid and fatty acid amide metabolic perturbations associated with GC morbidity. METHODS Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was utilized to analyze fatty acids (FAs) and fatty acid amides (FAAs) of GC tissues and matched normal mucosae from 30 GC patients. Acquired lipid data was analyzed using non parametric Wilcoxon rank sum test to find the differential biomarkers for GC and diagnostic models for GC were established by using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). RESULTS A total of 13 FAs and 4 FAAs were detected using GC/MS and 5 differential FAs as well as oleamide were identified with significant difference (P<0.05). The OPLS-DA model generated from lipid profile showed adequate discrimination of GC tissues from normal mucosae while the OPLS-DA model failed to separate GC specimens of different TNM stages. A total of 8 variables were obtained for their most contribution in the discriminating model (Variable importance in the projection (VIP) value>1.0), five of which were detected with significant difference (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS FA and FAA metabolic profiles have great potential in detecting GC and helping understand perturbations of lipid metabolism associated with GC morbidity.
Electrical characterization and application of very high speed vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs)

Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) offer many benefits over conventional edge-emitting lasers including economical microelectronic batch processing, easy extension to 2-D arrays, and of interest here, very large intrinsic bandwidths due to reduced cavity volume. Results of electrical characterization of a 19 GHz bandwidth 850 nm VCSEL are presented. Small-signal characterization and modeling of the frequency response and device impedance is presented. Large signal performance is studied using two-tone RF and high-speed digital measurements. Appropriate drive conditions for high-speed digital applications are demonstrated.
Semisupervised Pair-Wise Band Selection for Hyperspectral Images

This paper proposes a new approach of band selection for classifying multiple objects in hyperspectral images. Different from traditional algorithms, we construct a semisupervised pair-wise band selection (PWBS) framework for this task, in which an individual band selection process is performed only for each pair of classes. First, the statistical parameters for spectral features of each class, including mean vectors and covariance matrices, are estimated by an expectation maximization approach in a semisupervised learning setting, where both labeled and unlabeled samples are employed for better performance. For each pair of classes, based on the estimated statistical parameters, Bhattacharyya distances between the two classes are calculated to evaluate all possible subsets of bands for classification. Second, as our proposed semisupervised framework, the PWBS followed by a binary classifier can be embedded into the semisupervised expectation maximization process to obtain posterior probabilities of samples on the selected bands. Finally, to evaluate the selected bands, all of the binary decisions obtained with multiple binary classifiers are finally fused together. Comparative experimental results demonstrate the validity of our proposed algorithm. The experimental results also prove that our band selection algorithm can perform well when the training set is very small.
Reconfigurable All-Optical Multilogic Gate (xor, and, and or) Based on Cross-Phase Modulation in a Highly Nonlinear Fiber

We demonstrate a simple all-optical multilogic gate based on cross-phase modulation. Digital logic operations including XOR, AND, and OR of two input data signals are demonstrated using a single device. We obtain error-free performance at 10 Gb/s and the receiver sensitivity for a bit-error rate of 10-9 is below -15.0 dBm. Power penalties for XOR, AND, and OR logic operations are 5.9, -1.0, and 2.9 dB, respectively.
Moisture detection of materials in leaky cavities using microwave techniques

In order to characterize the moisture of material samples in a leaky, rotating cavity without influencing the process, use was made of microwave techniques to determine the amount of water within the cavity. Moisture measurements where done before and during rotation of the cavity. The extraction of the humidity has been carried out using a mode tracking algorithm as well as a classification algorithm based on a maximum likelihood approach.
The origin of hydrogen line emission for five Herbig Ae/Be stars spatially resolved by VLTI/AMBER spectro-interferometry

Context. Accretion and outflow processes are of fundamental importance for our understanding of the formation of stars and planetary systems. To trace these processes, diagnostic spectral lines such as the Brγ 2.166 μm line are widely used, although due to a lack of spatial resolution, the origin of the line emission is still unclear. Aims. Employing the AU-scale spatial resolution which can be achieved with infrared long-baseline interferometry, we aim to distinguish between theoretical models which associate the Brγ line emission with mass infall (magnetospheric accretion, gaseous inner disks) or mass outflow processes (stellar winds, X-winds, or disk winds). Methods. Using the VLTI/AMBER instrument, we spatially and spectrally (λ/Δλ = 1500) resolved the inner (≾5 AU) environment of five Herbig Ae/Be stars (HD163296, HD104237, HD98922, MWC297, V921 Sco) in the Brγ emission line as well as in the adjacent continuum. From the measured wavelength-dependent visibilities, we derive the characteristic size of the continuum and Brγ line-emitting region. Additional information is provided by the closure phase, which we could measure both in the continuum wavelength regime (for four objects) as well as in the spectrally resolved Brγ emission line (for one object). The spectro-interferometric data is supplemented by archival and new VLT/ISAAC spectroscopy. Results. For all objects (except MWC297), we measure an increase of visibility within the Brγ emission line, indicating that the Brγ-emitting region in these objects is more compact than the dust sublimation radius. For HD98922, our quantitative analysis reveals that the line-emitting region is compact enough to be consistent with the magnetospheric accretion scenario. For HD163296, HD104237, MWC297, and V921 Sco we identify an extended stellar wind or a disk wind as the most likely line-emitting mechanism. Since the stars in our sample cover a wide range of stellar parameters, we also search for general trends and find that the size of the Brγ-emitting region does not seem to depend on the basic stellar parameters (such as the stellar luminosity), but correlates with spectroscopic properties, in particular with the Hα line profile shape. Conclusions. By performing the first high-resolution spectro-interferometric survey on Herbig Ae/Be stars, we find evidence for at least two distinct Brγ line-formation mechanisms. Most significant, stars with a P-Cygni Hα line profile and a high mass-accretion rate seem to show particularly compact Brγ-emitting regions (R_(Brγ)/R_(cont) < 0.2), while stars with a double-peaked or single-peaked Hα-line profile show a significantly more extended Brγ-emitting region (0.6 ≾ R_(Brγ)/R_(cont) ≾ 1.4), possibly tracing a stellar wind or a disk wind.
A traffic-aware quality-of-service control mechanism for software-defined networking-based virtualized networks

Network virtualization technology allows the creation of virtual networks that reflect the requirements of various services and distribute resources of a physical network among virtual tenants. Recently, the virtualization of physical networks through software-defined networking technology has become a popular method. OpenVirteX is a software-defined networking-based network virtualization platform that can create multiple virtual and programmable networks on top of a single physical infrastructure and provide full isolation of each virtual tenant. However, some shortcomings persist in OpenVirteX, one of which is the lack of a mechanism to distribute physical network resources efficiently among the virtual tenants. In this article, we propose a novel quality-of-service management mechanism, based on the single rate three color marker proposed by the Internet Engineering Task Force. This mechanism employs two new token buckets, called global token buckets, which are used to collect idle tokens from each virtual network. Furthermore, a resource manager can redistribute the collected tokens among the virtual networks according to their weights. Finally, our work achieves a maximum improvement of approximately 1.6 times over the performances of previous mechanisms.