Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Replace Psychometric Inferences with Direct Brain Measurements: LORETA Reflects Traditional Cerebral Loci for Neuropsychological Tests

Inferences of subtle cerebral injury and dysfunction have been historically dependent upon psychometric tests from which clinical neuropsychological profiles are generated. In addition to being secondary, over-inclusive and crude indicators of cerebral activity, psychometric tests are subject to economic incentives to “re-norm” traditional methods under the pretense of “ensuring” contemporary representations that are sanctioned by regulating organizations dominated by agendas of control over the interpretations of clinicians. The validity of neuropsychological tests is essential for their perspicacious application and interpretations. We measured the quantitative electroen-cephalographic profiles and calculated s-LORETA (standardized Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography) profiles in real time for normal men and women while they engaged in both traditional and novel neuropsychological tests that were employed to infer localized brain injury. Conspicuous alterations in source current density within specific frequency bands occurred within various regions of the right prefrontal region during performance of the Category, Design Fluency and Conditioned Spatial Association Test, the prefrontal medial surface during Toe Graphaesthesia, the caudal medial surface during Toe Gnosis, the left temporal region during Speech-Sounds, and within the right retrosplenial-parahippocampal region for Seashore Rhythms. Results supported the well established regional associations with the classic neuropsychological tests, verified the cerebral localization with more recent procedures, and emphasized the utility of modern real-time, direct cerebral imaging procedures.
Toward A New Growth Measurement Model For Entrepreneurial Firms

Previous literature has mainly focused on the growth of large organizations and neglected entrepreneurial firms. Unique characteristics of entrepreneurial firms make them distinguished among others and require comprehensive understanding of the growth process and the growth assessment in these kinds of firms. Hence, this study focuses on firms in semiprocessed food industry in Iran as a fast growing, entrepreneurial industry and tries to shed light on different growth dimensions and measurements in entrepreneurial firms. Data collected from 85 entrepreneurs through questionnaires. We used correlation matrix, Friedman’s rank test and structural model to estimate growth dimensions and identify its measurements. Results show among growth dimensions, entrepreneurial orientation shows the highest coefficients and the highest rank in Friedman’s test, which means this dimension, is the most effective one on firm’s growth. In addition, results of structural model show subjective measurements are also included in growth measurements and they show even higher coefficient than the objective measurements.
The ingredients of comparison: The semantics of the excessive construction in Japanese

Excessives (e.g., this pair of pants is too long) are often considered as a ‘degree construction’ in the literature, presumably because it is assumed that their semantics involves a comparison of degrees. This paper takes a cross-linguistic look at the excessive construction in Japanese and raises the question of whether degrees are a necessary ingredient in the semantics of comparison. Unlike any degree morpheme in English, -sugi ‘to exceed’ can combine with either a gradable adjective (e.g., naga ‘long’) or a non-gradable verb (e.g., yomi ‘to read’) to form an excessive construction. In each case, a semantically different type of phrase can be used as a differential: when -sugi combines with an adjective, a measure phrase can be used as a differential; when -sugi combines with a verb, a floating numeral quantifier can be used as a differential. Based on this observation, I put forward a non-degree based analysis in which -sugi is not a degree quantifier. Specifically, I argue that a V -sugi sentence describes a comparison of two sets of objects or events, whereas an Adj -sugi sentence describes a comparison of two sets of degrees. This analysis draws an interesting parallel to the A-not-A analysis of the comparative in the literature, and implies that the semantics of a ‘degree construction’ does not necessarily involve a comparison of degrees. http://dx.doi. org/10.3765/sp.8. 8 BibTeX info
Bacterial Community Structure Shift Driven by Salinity: Analysis of DGGE Band Patterns from Freshwater to Seawater of Hyeongsan River, Korea

The influence of a gradual increase in salinity on the diversity of aquatic bacterial in rivers was demonstrated. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to analyze the bacterial community shift downstream in the Hyeongsan River until it joins the open ocean. Four water samples were taken from the river showing the salinity gradients of 0.02%, 1.48%, 2.63%, and 3.62%. The samples were collected from four arbitrary stations in 2.91 km intervals on average, and a DGGE analysis was performed. Based on the results of this analysis, phylogenetic similarity identification, tree analysis, and a comparison of each station were performed. The results strongly suggested that the response of the bacterial community response was concomitant to gradual changes in salinity, which implies that salt concentration is a major factor in shifting the microbiota in aquatic habitats. The results also imply a huge diversity in a relatively small area upstream from the river mouth, compared to that in open oceans or coastal regions. Therefore, areas downstream towards a river mouth or delta are could be good starting points in the search for new bacterial species and strains ("biotypes").
Synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted pyrroles via dehydrogenative condensation of secondary alcohols and 1,2-amino alcohols by supported platinum catalysts

Direct synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted pyrroles has been achieved via acceptorless dehydrogenative heterocyclization of 1,2-aminoalcohols and secondary alcohols by utilizing a heterogeneous carbon-supported Pt catalyst (Pt/C). The optimized method gave 92% yield of 2-ethyl-5-phenyl-1H-pyrrole as a desired product from 2-amino-1-butanol and 1-phenylethanol in the presence of 0.1 mol% of Pt/C and 1.1 equiv. of KOtBu. It has been revealed that Pt/C demonstrates superior catalytic activity to a number of catalysts tested in this study including other transition metal-loaded carbon and various metal-oxide-supported Pt catalysts. In addition, the turnover number (TON) obtained in the present system was found to be higher than those obtained in previously-reported catalytic systems. It is significant that the Pt/C catalyst could be recycled as a heterogeneous catalyst without significant loss in the activity and showed a wide substrate scope for the 2,5-disubstituted pyrrole forming process.
Intelligent Greenhouse Monitoring and Control System Based Arduino UNO Microcontroller

Nowadays, there is a significant diminution in agricultural production due to the unpredictable control of crop climate conditions. Thus, to alleviate the crops exposure from excess cold or heat and unwanted pests, an intelligent environment monitoring and control system based Arduino UNO board consisting of ATmega 328P microcontroller has been developed for a small-scale agriculture namely greenhouse. The system user can monitor and control the greenhouse climate conditions remotely via web interface/mobile applications and GSM in a real-time manner. To deliver the environmental conditions in a timely manner, low-cost wireless sensor network (WSN) is used to monitor the temperature, humidity, soil moisture and light of the greenhouse. The sensor network constitutes a multi-hop network structure for large coverage. The developed system is implemented and tested in laboratory conditions using Proteus toolkit. Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) tool is used to develop necessary software. The results show that the proposed system can closely monitor and evaluate greenhouse farming field conditions accurately. Finally, the user can send control decisions instantly to boost the yield growth conditions and thus, increase the crop production considerably.
Why ( not ) disagree ?

Whether people blindly trust experts on all occasions or whether they evaluate experts’ views and question them if necessary is a vital question. This study investigates associations of human values with the readiness to question experts’ views (RQEV) and one’s reasons for not disagreeing with experts among randomly sampled Finns. RQEV and one’s reasons for not disagreeing were inferred from self-reported written accounts. Value priorities were measured with Schwartz et al.’s Portrait Values Questionnaire and Wach and Hammer’s items concerning rational and non-rational truth. The results showed that after adjusting for the effects of age, sex and education, the values of power and rational truth were positively associated, whereas the values of security, conformity
APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MONITORING AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION

The purpose of this article is to explain the scope of pollution control through Nanotechnology, including the need for the responsible attainment of the pollution control benefits that can result from nanotechnology. Nanotechnology can monitor and control pollution by using products that are less toxic, less polluting, and wear-resistant; processes that are more efficient and waste-reducing; processes or products that use less energy and fewer raw materials because of greater efficiency.
Reliability Optimization Design for Mechanical Transmission Based on Hybrid Genetic Algorithm

This paper applies the reliability optimization design theory to the design of automotive mechanical transmission gear train, in accordance with the requirements of vehicle dynamics, under the condition to ensure the reliable use of the parts in the structural strength and rigidity, with the minimization of the transmission volume and maximization of the power usage as the objective function, to establish a mathematical model of the multi-objective reliability optimization design for automotive mechanical transmission, so as to achieve the solution and application of the hybrid genetic algorithm in the model, and ultimately obtains the reliability optimization design results. By the comparison of the reliability optimization design results with the raw data, draw the conclusion that the reliability optimization design method is feasible in the field of transmission design, with a relatively high value in engineering application.
Camaenid land snails on Barrow Island: distributions, molecular phylogenetics and taxonomic revision

Three species of camaenid land snails occur on Barrow Island: Quistrachia barrowensis and two previously unassigned species of Rhagada. Based on morphological re-evaluation and analysis of sequences of the mitochondrial gene COI, we have revised the taxonomy of these species, providing a clearer understanding of their geographic distributions and origins. The supposed Barrow Island endemic Q. barrowensis is synonymous with Q. montebelloensis from the Montebello and Lowendal Islands. The small species of Rhagada, confined to the northern tip of Barrow Island, is conspecific with R. plicata, whose distribution also includes the Montebellos and the Lowendals. The large species of Rhagada is described here as R. barrowensis sp. nov., known only from Barrow Island and adjacent Pascoe Island. The three camaenids represent deeply divergent lineages with different geographic origins, indicating that the local diversity on Barrow Island has come about through a complex history. With maximum geographic spans of only 22 to 70 km, the short-range endemism of these species highlights the conservation significance of Barrow Island.
ASCII based Technique of Obtaining Data Set to Perform Fuzzy Keyword Searching

The world we live in is full of amazing art of science, where the role of technology is highly important. Hence, in such a conducive environment, major break-throughs are bound to happen. One such major development which has brought lot of positive results in the current scenario is how we save our information. Earlier, we used to save our data in tape based hard-disks and floppy drives, whereas now we are saving our data in some remotely located server or cloud based servers. However, it is quite evident that, with a positive aspect, there is always a drawback associated with it. One major drawback associated with the current practice of saving our data which cannot be ignored is situating the confidential files and folders at the risk of being exposed to unwanted people, so much so that the precious data loses its confidentiality and integrity. Another huge problem that arises with the usage of cloud is that, even in this day and age of artificial intelligence, where we are trying to predict and understand well in advance what other person is trying to say; searching on cloud is still not typo friendly. In this paper, we have tried to analyze the already existing fuzzy type searching algorithms and provide a completely innovative and more effectual method that aims at making searching typo
The fiscal theory of the price level and sluggish inflation: how important shall the wealth effect be?

According to the fiscal theory of the price level (FTPL), the interactions between monetary and fiscal policies with governments facing the possibility to act in a non-Ricardian manner make the general price level be fully determined. Here, depending on the expectations framework, we show to what extent the validity of the FTPL also depends on consumers being non-Ricardian. With prices driven by rational expectations, the qualitative results of the strategic interactions between policies do not depend on the Ricardian or non-Ricardian behaviour by the households. With sluggish inflation, the strong version of the FTPL does not bring to a dynamically stable economy. The economy is stable only for a weak version of the FTPL; but, this time, stability conditions depend strongly on the existence and size of the wealth effect. If inflation is sluggish, the FTPL is incompatible with Ricardian consumers.
Elasticity of taxable income. A case study for the Czech Republic

Elasticity of taxable income has increasingly become an important subject matter for economists in recent times. This study provides an estimate for the Czech Republic by exploiting panel data for corporate income tax rates between 2004 and 2009. The severity of the tax evasion and avoidance issue in this country triggers a question about the existence of the elasticity itself. The uniqueness of this study also stems from its focus on proportional tax rates while other influential studies examine this subject for progressive taxation. The result of this research supports a hypothesis about indifference between taxable incme decision and the size of the tax rate; about fifty percent of the observations in the sample are not subject to taxation. The high level of tax avoidance could explain such an outcome intensifying the necessity to fight this fiscal policy phenomenon.
Participatory Research: Does it Work? Evidence from Participatory Plant Breeding

Participatory research approaches that involve clients in the process of enquiry are widely practised today in many different branches of agriculture ranging from integrated pest management to applied biotechnology. This paper focuses on participatory plant breeding to show how participatory research increases benefits and is more effective at reaching women and the poor. Used in plant breeding, PR is seen to improve research efficiency and leads to more acceptable varieties thus accelerating adoption. This is probably the most compelling incentive for researchers to use this approach. Although often charaterized as expensive, PR also leads to changes in costs that do not lower breeding program cost benefit ratios and may improve these. The paper shows that a careful choice of research goals, targeting of environments and selection of user communities is required in order for PR to have an impact. Also a systematic understanding of different types of participation is needed to select appropriate PR techniques and tools. The paper concludes that PR or client-driven research when used appropriately and expertly, is a proven complement to conventional non-participatory research approaches.
Analysis of Security Threats of Cloud Computing

The aim of this paper is to introduce the result of a long-term research done in the Czech Republic and focused on the security of cloud services. The results of the research reflect more than eighty representatives of national and supranational organizations in the environment of the Czech Republic, and also state organizations within self-government territorial units. The paper examined cloud deployment issues connected with the current legislative and law on cybernetic security. The results of the research are summarized in a SWOT analysis.
Electronic properties of sculpturenes

We investigate the electronic properties of sculpturenes, formed by sculpting selected shapes from bilayer graphene, boron nitride or graphene–boron nitride hetero-bilayers and allowing the shapes to spontaneously reconstruct. The simplest sculpturenes are periodic nanotubes, containing lines of non-hexagonal rings. More complex sculpturenes formed from shapes with non-trivial topologies, connectivities and materials combinations may also be constructed. Results are presented for the reconstructed geometries, electronic densities of states and current–voltage relations of these new structures.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF RAJAYAPANA BASTI ADMINISTERED BY CLASSICAL PUTAKA METHOD AND DRIP METHOD IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been described as Kampavata in Ayurveda. Ayurvedic texts have described treatment regimens to combat the condition. Aim: To determine the improvement in patients suffering from PD following Basti treatment. Materials & Methods: We gave Mustadi Rajayapana Basti treatment in patients willing to undergo Basti treatment by two methods- Classical Putaka method and Drip method. Results were analyzed using paired samples 't' test. Results: All patients tolerated the treatment well without any adverse events and reported improvement in symptoms. Although both methods show improvement, there was a statistically significant improvement in the tremors, rigidity, akinesia and bradykinesia, pill rolling movement, micrographia and glabellar tap. Conclusions: Over the short period of the present study, Basti therapy especially given by Drip method was found to show improvement in the condition of patients with PD.
Assessment of Core CBT Skills (ACCS) 1 Development and psychometric evaluation of the Assessment of Core CBT Skills (ACCS): An observation based tool for assessing Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

This paper outlines the development and psychometric evaluation of the Assessment of Core CBT Skills (ACCS) rating scale. The ACCS aims to provide a novel assessment framework to deliver formative and summative feedback regarding therapists’ performance within observed cognitive-behavioural treatment sessions, and for therapists to rate and reflect on their own performance. Findings from three studies are outlined: 1) a feedback study (N = 66) examining content validity, face validity and usability, 2) a focus group (N = 9) evaluating usability and utility, and 3) an evaluation of the psychometric properties of the ACCS in ‘real world’ CBT training and routine clinical practice contexts. Results suggest that the ACCS has good face validity, content validity, and usability and provides a user-friendly tool that is useful for promoting self-reflection and providing formative feedback. Scores on both the self and assessor-rated versions of the ACCS demonstrate good internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and discriminant validity. In addition, ACCS scores were found to be correlated with, but distinct from the Revised Cognitive Therapy Scale (CTS-R) and were comparable to CTS-R scores in terms of internal consistency and discriminant validity. Additionally, the ACCS may have advantages over the CTS-R in terms of inter-rater reliability of scores. The studies also provided insight into areas for refinement and a number of modifications were undertaken to improve the scale. In summary, the ACCS is an appropriate and useful measure of CBT competence that can be used to promote self-reflection and provide therapists with formative and summative feedback.
Algorithms for Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer cloud-free image compositing

Abstract The presence of clouds is the biggest obstacle in the investigation of land cover, and many techniques have been developed to detect clouds. However, few indicators have been proposed for the detection of cloud-free conditions. To address this, we propose two indicators for use in compositing 8-day cloud-free images: the B 1 / 7 ratio is the ratio of the band 1 reflectance to the band 7 reflectance of Terra surface reflectance images (MOD09GA), and saturation refers to the color saturation of these images. Here, we describe the principles underlying these two indicators and analyze their characteristics for vegetation, water, urban, and nonvegetation pixels under cloud-free, cloud shadow, and cloudy conditions using MOD09GA from October 16 to 23, 2007, in North China (sample A) and using data published by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). We found that the B 1 / 7 ratio and saturation are suitable for extracting cloud-free pixels over land and water, respectively; therefore, we combined these two indicators to develop a single-unified model. In particular, our results demonstrate that the pixels exhibiting the lowest B 1 / 7 ratios should be adopted as cloud-free pixels over land when the value of B 1 / 7 for land surfaces is between 0 and 1, and the surface reflectance of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer band 1 is less than 0.3. Otherwise, the pixels exhibiting the greatest saturation values should be adopted. We used our model to composite cloud-free images for two additional regions in China: the Tarim basin (sample B) from October 2 to 9, 2012, and the coastal areas of southeastern China (sample C) from April 15 to 23, 2013. We compared the cloud-free images of these regions with the 8-day surface reflectance product (MOD09A1) with respect to clouds, cloud shadow, and cirrus clouds, and we found that our proposed cloud-free image compositing approach can accurately eliminate both clouds and cirrus clouds. Specifically, the percentage of residual cloud pixels in sample C was found to be less than that in MOD09A1. Moreover, in the cloud-free images obtained using our newly developed method, cloud-free pixels are typically associated with greater sensor zenith angles and smaller scatter angles than those in MOD09A1. However, our method retains some limitations. In particular, 9.68, 33.22, and 33.00% of cloud-shadow pixels remain in the cloud-free images for samples A, B, and C, respectively.
Resistance to Viruses of Potato and their Vectors

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is one of the most important food crops worldwide and yields of potato can be affected by virus infection. While more than 40 viruses have been found in potato, only nine viruses (potato leafroll virus, potato viruses A, M, S, V, X and Y, potato moptop virus and tobacco rattle virus) and one viroid (potato spindle tuber viroid) have a significant economic impact on potato, worldwide. This review describes the geographical distribution of the most important viruses infecting potato and the genes for resistance or tolerance that have been identified against these various infectious agents. In some cases such resistance genes have been found only in other Solanum species. Few genes for resistance to the vectors of these viruses have been obtained and even fewer have been deployed successfully. However, transgenic resistance in potato has been achieved against seven of these disease agents.