Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of α-Amylase Enzyme Activity and Blood Glucose Level in Local Duck

A α-amylase is included in hydrolase’s enzyme (E.C. 3.2.1.3), which catalyzed the breaking down of α-1,3-glycosidic bound on amylase chain and produced glucose as end product. In mammalian and poultry, α-amylase enzyme has a function as starch breaking down or changed glycogen to glucose. It was used as energy resource in the body. A α-amylase enzyme is protein that resulted in expression from one or several genes, so that has various characteristics among individual. To study the existence and the characteristic of α-amylase enzyme, therefore it has been conducted a research about the connection of α-amylase enzyme unit number with glucose content in Tegal, Magelang and Mojosari duck blood (each of them consisted of 28 birds). This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with seven replicates for each treatment. The result research showed that either the unit number of α-amylase enzyme activity or glucose content in these local breed of duck has a highly significant different (P<0.01). This result showed that genetic factor (breed of duck) has influenced either enzyme unit number or their catalytic activity on substrate, so the capability to form blood glucose inter breed of duck also different. It was suggested that their enzyme characteristics have strong connection with the sequence of amino acid as α-amylase enzyme protein composer, which was the result of gene expression. From the result, it was concluded that the unit number and catalytic activity of α-amylase enzyme and blood glucose content in the breed of local duck was affected by genetic factor (breed of duck). (Animal Production 5(1): 50-56 (2003) Key words : Enzyme, K-Amylase, Blood, Glucose, Duck
ACCOUNTING FOR COVARIANCES AMONG TEST DAY MILK YIELDS IN DAIRY COWS

Daily milk weights from 1006 lactations on 775 Holstein-Friesian cows in 42 herds and monthly test-day weights from 102 540 lactations on 73 717 cows in 17 481 herd-year-seasons were used to study the influence of covariances among milk weighings within a lactation on three models for describing the shape of the lactation curve for individual cows. The models included a gamma function, an inverse quadratic polynomial function, and a regression model of yields on day in lactation (linear and quadratic) and on log of 305 divided by day in lactation (linear and quadratic). For each model, several variance-covariance matrices of the observation vector were used. Models were compared on the basis of squared deviations of predicted versus actual milk weights and on the correlation between predicted and actual weights through the lactation averaged over cows. Better predictions were observed when covariances among test-day yields were ignored while models could be ranked regression model, gamma function, and inv.
Fertile somatic hybrids between Solanum integrifolium and S. sanitwongsei (syn. S. kurzii) as candidates for bacterial wilt-resistant rootstock of eggplant

UV-irradiated cotyledonary protoplasts of Solanum integrifolium and iodoacetamide-treated cotyledonary protoplasts of S. sanitwongsei were electrofused and cultured. Regenerated plants were classified into three groups based on morphology and genomic in situ hybridization data. Morphology of the first group was intermediate between those of parental species. The plants bore fruits with viable seeds and had a chromosome number of 2n� 48, the sum of the parental chromosome numbers, suggesting that they were symmetric fusion hybrids. Morphology of the plants in the second group was more S. integrifolium-like than that of the first group, and had two sets of S. integrifolium chromosomes and one set of S. sanitwongsei chromosomes. In contrast, plants in the third group had one set of S. integrifolium chromosomes and two sets of S. sanitwongsei chromosomes. Plants in the second and third groups were less vigorous than those in the first group, and bore few fruits. Electrophoretic analysis of the isozymes shikimate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglucomutase, as well as random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, demonstrated that 23 of regenerated plants from the three groups were somatic hybrids. The plants in the first group grew more vigorously than the parental plants and produced more than 5000 seeds per plant. The fertile somatic hybrids obtained in this study may be suitable candidates for eggplant rootstocks.
CFD Data Differencing: Extraction and Representation for Uncertainty Visualization

As data grows at exponential rates, the last two decades have seen widespread applications of scientific visualization to intuitive analysis of unknown complex patterns that may not always be properly recognized or effectively conveyed by non-visual computing methodologies such as data mining and machine learning (artificial intelligence). While scientific visualization provides deep insight into the data originating from multi-physics modeling and high-fidelity simulation of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), one challenge that has garnered tremendous attention is uncertainty visualization. This paper presents a suite of techniques for extracting , representing , and visualizing uncertainty of CFD data (possibly tainted with noise) by addressing a field of difference that is derived and processed for any two cases of an ensemble of scalar data acquired on a 2D grid (or any slice cut through a volume of data), without assuming any statistical or simulation model, without any input from domain experts, and without any user interaction. By integrating multiple color maps that are visually discontinuous and significantly contrasted in hue, Hybrid color Map (HyMap) offers both qualitative visualization and relatively quantitative visualization to attain a focus+context representation. Incorporated with HyMap are Relief Image Synthesis (RIS) and Differencing by Line Integral Convolution (Diff-LIC). RIS takes a field of difference as a height surface and local gradients as normal vectors, employing an illumination model to produce an image of “terrain”. Diff-LIC extends LIC, a texture-based approach intended for flow data, to uncertainty visualization by creating an artificial unusual 2D vector field. These proposed techniques are part of our primitive representations on which composite algorithms may be further developed to visualize the uncertainty exhibited by an ensemble of results that a numerical simulation runs for a large number of times to yield. HyMap, RIS, and Diff-LIC are among the constituents of our CFD data Uncertainty Visualization (CUVis) system. Preliminary tests demonstrate that they are well suited
COMBATING OF EMAIL SPAM BY DIFFERENT BUSINESSES IN SAUDI ARABIA

This paper presents the results of a survey of businesses in Saudi Arabia. The survey investigated email SPAM and the efforts made to combat it. Three hundred businesses were surveyed and completed surveys were collected from 92 of the businesses. The businesses completing the survey were located in central, eastern and western Saudi Arabia. There were no completed questionnaires from businesses in the southern and northern regions because businesses in these regions notified us to conduct our survey in their head offices which are located in central, eastern and western regions of Saudi Arabia. The survey aimed to understand the definition of email SPAM based on businesses opinions, its volume, its types, and its effects on businesses operating in Saudi Arabia. Italso aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of existing Anti-SPAM filters in detecting Arabic and English email SPAM. The survey also investigated the efforts of government,Internet Service Providers(ISPs) and businesses to combat email SPAM. The results showed that there were different definitions for email SPAM based on different businesses opinions in Saudi Arabia.The results indicated that the volume of email SPAM was very high in Saudi Arabia and the majority of email SPAM received was written in English. The results showed that the most frequent type of email SPAM received in both Arabic and English was business advertisements. The results showed that email SPAM had many effects on businesses. The results indicated that the existing Anti-SPAM filters were not completely effective in detecting English and Arabic email SPAM and that these filters were more effective in detecting English SPAM than Arabic SPAM. The results indicated that most businesses were not aware of government and ISP) efforts to combat email SPAM. The results showed that most businesses did not inform their customers and employees about email SPAM and the methods used to combat it.
Elephant utilization of Colophospermum mopane: possible benefits of hedging

The pattern of utilization of Colophospermum mopane by elephant was investigated in a semi-arid savanna, the Venetia-Limpopo Nature Reserve, South Africa, using an animal-based approach. C. mopane is a staple food item in the diet of elephant, with most individual trees being utilized lightly ( 4 m high. The most preferred height of utilization of branches was < 1 m above ground level, reflecting the short stature of C. mopane in the study area. Elephant selected C. mopane trees < 2 m in height that had been previously utilized by them; specifically trees where the terminal part of the main stem had been previously broken and had been coppiced (hedging). The preferred size range of branches utilized by elephant was 0.946–1.718 cm in diameter; hedged C. mopane trees in the 1–2 m category had, on average, significantly more branches within this size range than non-hedged trees. This hedging of C. mopane appears to have increased the availability of a preferred food item.
A Study on the Effect of Branding of Consulting Company

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of consulting firm’s professional consulting satisfaction on consulting satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of consulting firm's brand awareness on consulting satisfaction. The results of this study suggest that consulting firms that have expertise in the field have a positive effect on the satisfaction of consulting and that the higher the brand awareness, the higher the consulting satisfaction. The better the brand awareness, the higher the reliability and the positive impact on the satisfaction of consulting, and the consulting firm including consultant suggests to improve the professional competence in the field.
Dynamic Budget-Total Need Based Resource Reservation Technique

ABSTRACT Contention for anything starts with common interest for it. Resources of common interest that must be exclusively held by a process at a time are commonly contested for in computing systems. This contention may lead to a deadlock among them. Several techniques in the literature exist for resource management with deadlock handling. The two major classes of such techniques namely; deadlock avoidance and resource reservation take steps for deadlock handling. However, both classes of techniques, work for only static systems, where system behavior is known in advance. The proposed technique aims to perform resource management with deadlock handling for a dynamic system. It proposes to use a dynamic budget that adjusts itself with the dynamic resource demands of the system. Safety tests are performed whenever this budget is modified to ensure that the system remains stable. The simulation results indicate the proposed technique has approximately 19% better average turnaround time. Graphical Abstract
Covid-19 Pandemic Data Analysis and Forecasting using Machine Learning Algorithms

India reported its first case of covid-19 on 30th Jan 2020. Though we did not notice a significant rise in the number of cases in the month of February and like many other countries, this number escalated like anything from March 2020. This research paper will include analysis of covid-19 data initially at a global level and then drilled down to the scenario of India. Data is gathered from multiple data sources from several authentic government websites. The paper will also include analysis of various features like gender, geographical location, age using Python and Data Visualization techniques. Getting insights on Trend pattern and time series analysis will bring more clarity to the current scenario as analysis is totally on real-time data(till 19th June). Finally we will use some machine learning algorithms and perform predictive analytics of the near future scenario. We are using a sigmoid model to give an estimate of the day on which we can expect the number of active cases to reach its peak and also when the curve will start to flatten sigmoid model gives us a count of date which is a unique feature of analysis in this paper. We are also using certain feature engineering techniques to transfer data into logarithmic scale for better comparison removing any data extremities or outliers. Based on the predictions of the short-term interval, our model can be tuned to forecast long time intervals. Needless to mention there are a lot of factors responsible for the cases to come in the upcoming days. It depends on the people of the country and how strictly they obey the rules and restriction imposed by the Government.
Mesenchymal stem cell derived extracellular vesicles: promising immunomodulators against autoimmune, autoinflammatory disorders and SARS-CoV-2 infection

Discovery of novel and broad-acting immunomodulators is of critical importance for the prevention and treatment of disorders occurring due to overexuberant immune responseincluding SARS-CoV-2 triggered cytokine storm leading to lung pathology and mortality during the ongoing viral pandemic. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), highly regarded for their regenerative capacities, also possessesremarkable immunoregulatory functions affecting all types of innate and adaptive immune cells. Owing to that, MSCs have been heavily investigated in clinic for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases along with transplant rejection. Extensive research in the last decaderevealed that MSCs carry out most of their functions through paracrine factors which are soluble mediators and extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs, including exosomes and microvesicles, are an efficient way of intercellular communication due to their unique ability to carry biological messages such as transcription factors, growth factors, cytokines, mRNAs and miRNAs over long distances. EVs originate through direct budding of the cell membrane or the endosomal secretion pathway and they consist of the cytosolic and membrane components of their parent cell. Therefore, they are able to mimic the characteristics of the parent cell, affecting the target cells upon binding or internalization. EVs secreted by MSCs are emerging as a cell-free alternative to MSC-based therapies. MSC EVs are being tested in preclinical and clinical settings where they exhibit exceptional immunosuppressivecapacity. They regulate the migration, proliferation, activation and polarization of various immune cells, promoting a tolerogenic immune response while inhibiting inflammatory response. Being as effective immunomodulators as their parent cells, MSC EVs are also preferable over MSC-based therapies due to their lower risk of immunogenicity, tumorigenicity and overall superior safety. In this review, we present the outcomes of preclinical and clinical studies utilizing MSC EVs as therapeutic agents for the treatment of a wide variety of immunological disorders.
Advertisement calls of species of the Hyla albosignata group (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae)

6 ABSTRACT: We describe and compare the spectral and temporal characteristics of the advertisement calls of six species of the Hyla albosignata group (H. albosignata, H. callipygia, H. cavicola, H. ibirapitanga, H. leucopygia, and H. sibilata), and relate the ecological and morphological relationships among these species based on the phenetic analysis resulted from the acoustic parameters. Advertisement calls of species of the H. albosignata species group are quite similar, each consisting of one repeated note containing harmonic structure. Duration of calls range from about 0.1s (H. sibilata) to 0.5s (H. cavicola) and are repeated at different rates, from three calls per second (H. sibilata) to one call for each three seconds (H. callipygia). The main difference among the advertisement calls is related to their spectral properties. The arrangement of the phenetic tree does not corroborate the division proposed in the literature based on morphological differences of the cloacal region, nor is related to species body size. Sympatric species with similar calls are not syntopic, and syntopic species show more differentiated calls.
The Paradox of Immune Molecular Recognition of α-Galactosylceramide: Low Affinity, Low Specificity for CD1d, High Affinity for αβ TCRs1

CD1 resembles both class I and class II MHC but differs by the important aspect of presenting lipid/glycolipids, instead of peptides, to T cells. Biophysical studies of lipid/CD1 interactions have been limited, and kinetics of binding are in contradiction with functional studies. We have revisited this issue by designing new assays to examine the loading of CD1 with lipids. As expected for hydrophobic interactions, binding affinity was not high and had limited specificity. Lipid critical micelle concentration set the limitation to these studies. Once loaded onto CD1d, the recognition of glycolipids by αβ T cell receptor was studied by surface plasmon resonance using soluble Vα14-Vβ8. 2 T cell receptors. The Vα14 Jα18 chain could be paired with NK1.1 cell-derived Vβ chain, or any Vβ8 chain, to achieve high affinity recognition of α-galactosylceramide. Biophysical analysis indicated little effect of temperature or ionic strength on the binding interaction, in contrast to what has been seen in peptide/MHC-TCR studies. This suggests that there is less accommodation made by this TCR in recognizing α-galactosylceramide, and it can be assumed that the most rigid part of the Ag, the sugar moiety, is critical in the interaction.
Behavioral, morphological, and ecological trait evolution in two clades of New World Sparrows (Aimophila and Peucaea, Passerellidae)

The New World sparrows (Passerellidae) are a large, diverse group of songbirds that vary in morphology, behavior, and ecology. Thus, they are excellent for studying trait evolution in a phylogenetic framework. We examined lability versus conservatism in morphological and behavioral traits in two related clades of sparrows (Aimophila, Peucaea), and assessed whether habitat has played an important role in trait evolution. We first inferred a multi-locus phylogeny which we used to reconstruct ancestral states, and then quantified phylogenetic signal among morphological and behavioral traits in these clades and in New World sparrows more broadly. Behavioral traits have a stronger phylogenetic signal than morphological traits. Specifically, vocal duets and song structure are the most highly conserved traits, and nesting behavior appears to be maintained within clades. Furthermore, we found a strong correlation between open habitat and unpatterned plumage, complex song, and ground nesting. However, even within lineages that share the same habitat type, species vary in nesting, plumage pattern, song complexity, and duetting. Our findings highlight trade-offs between behavior, morphology, and ecology in sparrow diversification.
Mini-Cog versus Codex (cognitive disorders examination) Is there a difference?

Abstract. Mini-Cog and Codex (cognitive disorders examination) are brief cognitive screening tests incorporating word-recall and clock drawing tests. Objective: To assess and compare the screening accuracy of Mini-Cog and Codex for diagnosis of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients attending a dedicated cognitive disorders clinic. Methods: Tests were administered to a consecutive cohort of 162 patients, whose reference standard diagnoses based on clinical diagnostic criteria were dementia (44), MCI (26), and subjective memory complaint (92). Results: Both Mini-Cog and Codex had high sensitivity (>0.8) for dementia diagnosis, but Codex was more specific. For diagnosis of MCI, Mini-Cog had better sensitivity than Codex. Weighted comparisons of Mini-Cog and Codex showed only marginal net benefit for Mini-Cog for dementia diagnosis but larger net benefit for MCI diagnosis. Conclusion: In this pragmatic study both Mini-Cog and Codex were accurate brief screening tests for dementia but Mini-Cog was better for identification of MCI.
Serological Survey of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii Co-Infection in Rodents in Northwestern Iran

Background: Our knowledge of the epidemiology of rodents’ parasitic agents in Iran is scarce, although some of these pathogens play an important role in human and veterinary medicine, such as Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in rodents of northwestern Iran between Mar and Dec 2015. Methods: Overall, 157 serum samples from rodents (101 Meriones persicus, 41 Mus musculus, and 15 Cricetulus migratorius) were assayed by the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) for antibodies to T. gondii and N. caninum. Results: We found a prevalence of 20.38% (32/157) for N. caninum, 35% (55/157) for T. gondii. Co-presence of antibodies to N. caninum and T. gondii was found in 10 (6.36%) rodents. A significant association was found between the rodents species and seropositivity to N. caninum (P<0.05) but there was no association with rodents species for T. gondii. The overall prevalence of the aforementioned parasites was higher in male versus female rodents. Conclusion: The high seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in rodents in the study area has implications for translocation of these infections across wider geographical regions since these rodents are mostly preyed on by cats or dogs; hence, which can transfer the parasite to other hosts.
Revision of the Festuca alpina group (Festuca section Festuca, Poaceae) in Europe

The Festuca alpina group includes several small fescues growing in rocky habitats across the European mountain chains. A taxonomic study of F. alpina and F. alfrediana, the two most common species of this group, is presented here. Morphological data collected from 298 specimens across 37 populations from all the major European mountain ranges, genetic inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) data, chromosome counts and DNA ploidy information were analysed. We found that the two species are differentiated by a combination of morphological and genetic characters, which are in line with the geographical distributions. Festuca alpina is distributed from the Pyrenees and Alps to the western Carpathians, whereas F. alfrediana is found in Sardinia, the Apennines and the Dinarids. Here, F. alfrediana is split into three subspecies on the basis of quantitative morphological characters and complete geographical segregation: F. alfrediana subsp. alfrediana in the Corso-Sardinian area; F. alfrediana subsp. ferrariniana in the Apennines; and F. alfrediana subsp. durmitorea in the Balkan Peninsula. The last two taxa are newly described here. Detailed description and information on identification, distribution, ecology, illustrations, synonyms and type material are provided.