Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inter-annual comparison of diet and daily ration of larval jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus in the southern East China Sea

We describe and compare the feeding habits of Trachurus japonicus larvae from 2.4 to ,8-mm body length (BL) sampled during February to March of 4 consecutive years (2002–2005) in the primary spawning ground along the shelf-break region of the southern East China Sea. Dietary overlap based on Schoener’s index revealed high similarities (58–81%) among the 4 years. In larvae 5–8-mm BL, the diet was strongly dominated by calanoid copepodites and Oncaea spp. Larvae ,5-mm BL fed occasionally on copepod nauplii and gastropod larvae, as well as the above two main prey items. Feeding was mainly restricted to 0700–2100 h and feeding incidence was 78–90 and 100% in larvae ,5 and 5–8-mm BL, respectively, without inter-annual variation. The mean number of prey items per gut was positively correlated with larval size, and in each size class it did not significantly differ among the 4 years. Based on information on the feeding period (14 h), the mean number of prey items, and gut evacuation time (2 h), we estimated that larvae ,3-mm BL would consume 4–8 prey items day, and this increased greatly with larval growth, and larvae 7–8-mm BL consume 56–60 prey items larvae day. We estimated that 0.5% of the available prey items were consumed by larvae day in 2005 when both prey and larval abundance data were available, implying that the larvae have only limited effects on prey abundance.
Evaluating the efficacy of technical measures: a case study of selection device legislation in the UK Crangon crangon (brown shrimp) fishery

Catchpole, T. L. , Revill, A. S. , Innes, J., and Pascoe, S. 2008. Evaluating the efficacy of technical measures: a case study of selection device legislation in the UK Crangon crangon (brown shrimp) fishery. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 267-275.Bycatch reduction devices are being introduced into a wide range of fisheries, with shrimp and prawn fisheries particularly targeted owing to the heavy discarding common in these fisheries. Although studies are often undertaken to estimate the impact of a technical measure on the fishery before implementation, rarely have the impacts been assessed ex post. Here, the efficacy of the UK legislation pertaining to the use of sievenets in the North Sea Crangon crangon fishery is assessed. Three impacts were evaluated: on fisher behaviour (social), on the level of bycatch (biological), and on vessel profitability (economic). An apparent high level of compliance by skippers was identified despite a low level of enforcement. The estimated reduction in fleet productivity following the introduction of the legislation was 14%, equalling the mean loss of Crangon landings when using sievenets calculated from catch comparison trawls. Sievenets did reduce the unnecessary capture of unwanted marine organisms, but were least effective at reducing 0-group plaice, which make up the largest component of the bycatch. Clearly the legislation has had an effect in the desired direction, but it does not address sufficiently the bycatch issue in the Crangon fishery.
Citrus Seeds Oils as Sources of Quality Edible Oils

A B S T R A C T The study is aimed to isolate and analyse the lipids of citrus seeds. The fat (%), total fatty acid (%) and energy (kJ/100 g) had range values of 21.6-26.2, 17.3-20.9 and 639-775 respectively. Saturated fatty acids ranged from 33.3 -36.7 %. Total unsaturated acids values ranged from 63.4-67.0 %. Phospholipids level was high at total value of 491-590 mg/100 g. Among the phytosterols, sitosterol was highly concentrated (283-381 mg/100 g) within a total of 360 -485 mg/100 g. K e y w o r d s Nigeria, citrus seeds, lipids composition
Storage and remobilisation of sulphur in beech trees (Fagus sylvatica)

Three-year-old beech trees were fed 39 S-sulphate in August 1993 via a flap in a mature leaf of an upper branch. Harvest of beech trees was performed 24 h after feeding 35 S-sulphate, before leaf senescence, after leaf abscission, in early winter (January 1994), in late winter (March 1994), before bud break and after bud break. Twenty-four h after feeding 35 S-sulphate, 0.7 ± 0.5% of the 35 S-radioactivity taken up was exported out of the fed leaf. When trees were analysed 2 months later, i.e., before leaf senescence, this value had increased to 22 ± 7%. The exported 35 S-radioactivity was located in the branch containing the fed leaf (28 ± 13%), in basipetal parts of the trunk (41 ± 7%) and in the main root (21 ± 6%). Leaves and apical parts of the trunk were no sink organs for the exported sulphur. Along the tree axis the main proportion of the radiolabel was located in the wood, predominantly in the acid soluble fraction. In the bark the greater portion of the radiolabel was found in the acid insoluble fraction. In both tissues the bulk of the 35 S of the soluble fraction was sulphate together with small amounts of glutathione. This pattern did not change until bud break. After bud break, basipetal parts of the trunk lost part of its 35 S-radioactivity. Of the 35 S-radioactivit,' which had been exported out of the fed leaf during the previous autumn, 16 ± 2% remained in the trunk, whereas 47 ± 7% of the 35 S was found in branches, mainly in the newly developed leaves. The present results show that sulphur, mainly in the form of sulphate, is stored along the tree axis in both bark and wood of beech trees and is remobilised during leaf development in spring.
The Effect of Platelet-rich Plasma with Mineralized Collagen-based Scaffold on Mandible Defect Repair in Rabbits

The effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on a porous scaffold of nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(lactic-acid) (nHAC/PLA) to repair a mandible defect in a rabbit model was evaluated. A 10 × 8 mm2 perforated defect roughly 5 mm thick was made in the right mandible of each animal, preserving the periosteum in situ. The defects were treated using nHAC/PLA grafts with or without autologous PRP. The results of X-ray, dual energy X-ray measurements of bone mineral density, scanning electron microscopy, histology, and newly formed bony area evaluated by ANOVA showed that PRP significantly shorten recovery time and accelerate defect repair, especially in the first month. The incorporation of PRP appears to be an effective approach for improving bone repair.
Evaluation of Biochemical Components from Pterophylla beltrani (Bolivar & Bolivar) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): A Forest Pest from Northeastern Mexico

Abstract. Insects are a biotic resource used for human medicine, nutrition, and industry. Many are a potential source of compounds such as proteins, peptides, secondary metabolites, and polymers like silk, chitin, and chitosan for industry and biotechnology. The Mexican katydid, Pterophylla beltrani Bolivar & Bolivar, is an important insect pest that defoliates oaks (Quercus spp.) and other trees where it feeds and becomes abundant during summer in forests in Northeast Mexico. Several strategies based on extracts of compounds and sustainable metabolites for use as raw material have been proposed for its control and use. Antioxidant, chitin, and chitosan content of P. beltrani were analyzed. Extracted aqueous residue was evaluated for effect on fungal growth, and chitosan was evaluated to supplement the growth of entomopathogenic fungi. Aqueous extract from P. beltrani flour contained phenolic compounds (1.08 ± 0.049 GAE mg g-1) that had little anti-fungal effect against three species of fungi, but did inhibit the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin. Yield of chitin was 11.8% and produced 58.8% chitosan, indicating the insect is a potential source of biochemical compounds. This could help support sustainable management of this pest.
Distribution and number of black grouse, Tetrao tetrix in southwestern Poland and the potential impact of predators upon nesting success of the species

During the winter period 2006/2007, research was carried out on the distribution and number of black grouse in coniferous lowland forest, Bory Dolnośląskie and the Karkonosze Mountains in southwest Poland. During 27 workshops, more than 800 members of various hunting clubs and representatives of the local State Forest Service presented information about place i.e., forest compartments and date when black grouse was seen. Next, this information was put on forest maps. Birds that could be seen twice of more were arbitrarily excluded by time-space analysis. In Bory Dolnośląskie, a declining black grouse population was present in 12 hunting districts covering 50.5 thousands ha of forest. The estimate of this species was 60 birds, i.e., 1.18 birds per 1 000 ha. In the Karkonosze Mountains, increasing black grouse population occurred in 8 hunting districts within a forest area of 30.1 thousands ha. The black grouse number was estimated to 169 birds, i.e., 5.61 birds per 1 000 ha. In the heather-land of Bory Dolnośląskie, 200 artificial nests were distributed on transect lines between the habitat (A) where black grouse is still present and the one (B) where it disappeared, and 14 movable digital cameras with movement detector triggered by infrared sensor were temporarily located at randomly selected nests that were destroyed by predators. The picture analysis showed that raven (Corvus corax) destroyed 93.9% and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) 6.1% of the nests. All the nests were damaged within 7 days. The rate of nest damage was faster in habitat B. Population dynamics of lowland and mountain black grouse population is analysed and discussed.
Comparison of Postemergence Herbicides for Common Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Field experiments conducted from 1990 through 1993 evaluated single and sequential applications of various postemergence graminicides for common bermudagrass control in peanut. UBI-1956 at 70 and 100 g/ha applied early POST (EP) or sequentially, controlled common bermudagrass equivalent to fluazifop-P applied EP or sequentially. Clethodim provided variable common bermudagrass control. Clethodim applied EP provided better control than sethoxydim while control from sequential clethodim applications were equivalent to fluazifop-P. Fenoxaprop-ethyl alone failed to control common bermudagrass while the addition of fluazifop-P to fenoxaprop-ethyl improved control at least 22% in two of three years. Quizalofop applied EP and fenoxaprop applied sequentially provided common bermudagrass control equivalent to fluazifop-P. Fenoxaprop-ethyl or sethoxydim applied once or twice controlled common bermudagrass similarly. Peanut yield increases from common bermudagrass control were erratic.
Zeamatin Inhibits Trypsin and α-Amylase Activities

ABSTRACT Zeamatin is a 22-kDa protein isolated from Zea maysthat has antifungal activity against human and plant pathogens. Unlike other pathogenesis-related group 5 proteins, zeamatin inhibits insect α-amylase and mammalian trypsin activities. It is of clinical significance that zeamatin did not inhibit human α-amylase activity and inhibited mammalian trypsin activity only at high molar concentrations.
Comparison of soils and plants on the active and relic parts of a recolonised burrowing bettong (Bettongia lesueur) warren

The burrowing bettong (Bettongia lesueur) is a rat-kangaroo that digs while foraging and is the only marsupial to construct warrens and live communally in them. It previously occurred over a large part of Australia, but was extinct on the mainland by the early 1960s, before its role in ecosystem function could be understood. Bettongs, sourced from island and captive populations, were reintroduced as part of a rangeland restoration program at Matuwa (Lorna Glen) in central Western Australia. This study compared soil properties and plant productivity on the active and relic parts of a single warren to determine whether the presence of the bettongs was likely to be of benefit at the patch scale. Soil rock content, hydraulic conductivity, mineral nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur were significantly higher for soils on the active part than on the relic part of the warren. Cotton bush (Ptilotus obovatus) shrubs were similar in size for the areas compared, but those growing on the active part of the warren had significantly more living tissue, greater leaf biomass and larger leaves, with higher moisture and nutrient content. These responses are indicative of access to additional mineral nutrients, probably derived from the urine and faeces of the bettongs. Only one warren was investigated in the present study and thus, this was a ‘patch’ level, unreplicated study. A broader, landscape-scale study is recommended, to compare relic warrens and active warrens with undisturbed sites, to confirm the hypotheses raised as a result of this study.
Stress and sleep: a survey based on wearable sleep trackers among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the COVID-19 pandemic

Backgroud COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the sleep health of local medical and nursing staff. Aim We used wearable pulse oximeters to monitor and screen the medical and nursing staff working in hospitals designated for COVID-19 in the Wuhan area. This study aimed to establish a reliable basis to provide sleep intervention for the medical and nursing staff. Methods Thirty medical and nursing staff members with symptoms of insomnia were instructed to wear medical ring-shaped pulse oximeters to monitor their sleep overnight. We also used the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Chinese version of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) to evaluate the severity of insomnia and mental health status, respectively, for each participant. Results Among the 30 participants, only 26 completed the screening. Ten cases (38.5%) demonstrated moderate to severe sleep apnoea–hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) when using an oxygen desaturation index ≥15 times/hour as the cut-off value. Participants with comorbid moderate to severe SAHS had significantly higher ISI and SRQ scores (p values 0.034 and 0.016, respectively) than those in the insomnia group. Correlation analysis revealed that ISI was positively correlated with total sleep time (TST) (r=0.435, p=0.026), and negatively correlated with deep sleep (r=−0.495, p=0.010); furthermore, patient SRQ scores were positively correlated with TST, sleep efficiency (SE) and REM (rapid eyes movement) sleep % (r=0.454 and 0.389, 0.512; p=0.020, 0.050 and 0.008, respectively). Stepwise logistic regression indicated that SRQ-20 and sex were risk factors for insomnia with comorbid SAHS, and their OR values were 1.516 and 11.56 (95% CI 1.053 to 2.180 and 1.037 to 128.9), respectively. Conclusion Medical and nursing staff with insomnia showed clear signs of comorbid sleep apnoea attributable to stress. The wearable pulse oximeters accurately monitored the participants’ breathing when asleep.
Intersexual niche divergence in northern map turtles (Graptemys geographica): the roles of diet and habitat

Sexual dimorphism in body size and in trophic morphology are common in animals and are often concordant with patterns of habitat use and diet. Proximate factors leading to intersexual differences in habitat use, however, are chal- lenging to unravel because these differences may stem from sexual dimorphism or may be caused by intersexual competi- tion. Intersexual differences in diet and habitat use are common in size dimorphic reptiles. In this study, we investigated factors contributing to intersexual differences in diet and habitat use in a population of northern map turtles (Graptemys geographica (Le Sueur, 1817)) from Ontario, Canada. Using radiotelemetry, we showed that in a lake map turtles do not exhibit intersexual differences in habitat use, in contrast to river populations. Patterns of habitat use were also inconsistent with prey distribution. The lack of intersexual habitat use differences in our lake population, despite marked differences in prey distribution, also indicated that intersexual habitat use differences documented in river populations are a consequence of sexual dimorphism in swimming capacity. Using stable isotope analysis and fecal analysis, we found a large dietary overlap between males and females, indicating no intersexual competition for food. Patterns of prey selection in females, however, were concordant with the reproductive role hypothesis.
Varialion and correlation in finger millet

Fifty-four early flowering lines selected from the genetic stock and two standard varieties of finger millet were grown in a preliminary replicated trial and studied with respect to yield and seven other characters which direct1y or indirectly bear upon yielding ability. The coefficients of total phenotypic correlation between the characters studied and their heritabilities in broad sense were worked out from the results of the variance and covariance analyses and are reported in this paper.
Occupancy and Abundance Modeling of the Endangered Yellowcheek Darter in Arkansas

The Yellowcheek Darter (Etheostoma moorei) is a rare fish endemic to the Little Red River watershed in the Boston Mountains of northern Arkansas. Remaining populations of this species are geographically isolated and declining, and the species was listed in 2011 as federally endangered. Populations have declined, in part, due to intense seasonal stream drying and inundation of lower reaches by a reservoir. We used a kick seine sampling approach to examine distribution and abundance of Yellowcheek Darter populations in the Middle Fork and South Fork Little Red River. We used presence data to estimate occupancy rates and detection probability and examined relationships between Yellowcheek Darter density and environmental variables. The species was found at five Middle Fork and South Fork sites where it had previously been present in 2003–2004. Occupancy rates were >0.6 but with wide 95% CI, and where the darters occurred, densities were typical of other Ozark darters but highly variable. Detection probability and density were positively related to current velocity. Given that stream drying has become more extreme over the past 30 years and anthropogenic threats have increased, regular monitoring and active management may be required to reduce extinction risk of Yellowcheek Darter populations.
Evaluation of oil-resin activity of Copaifera sp. on gastric emptying in Rattus novergicus.

The Copaiba oil-resin (Copaifera sp.) is widely used in folk medicine, especially as a healing, antiinflammatory,antiseptic, to treat ulcers and skin diseases. Increased gastric emptying was observed with oilresinof Copaifera langsdorfii, highlighting those others species from the genus of Copaifera can act over thegastrointestinal tract. This study evaluated the activity of the Copaifera sp oil-resin on gastric emptying inRattus novergicus. Eighteen male rats were fasted for 24h and orally received Tween-80 and Copaiba oil-resin100 and 200 mg/kg; one hour later they all received phenol red (PR) 0.5 mg/mL. Then, the parts ofgastrointestinal tract (stomach and intestine) were analyzed. The results showed that Copaifera sp oil-resin at200 mg/kg increased the gastric emptying in Rattus novergicus.
Microbiological Analysis, Biochemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Crude Honey against Multiple Drug Resistant uropathogens

Crude Honey sample obtained from district Gharwal, Uttarakhand was studied by carrying out microbiological analysis, antibacterial activity, total reducing sugar content, total protein content and HPTLC analysis. The countof aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeast and mold was less than 50 cfu/g and 12 cfu/g respectively. Food borne pathogens like Coliforms, Salmonella, Shigella and Clostridium species were absent in the honey sample. Undiluted, 75, 50 and 10% (w/v) dilutions of honey sample were tested against 9 antibiotic resistant uropathogens and 4 gastrointestinal tract pathogens to determine its antibacterial activity. Minimum concentration of 10% honey was effective to inhibit 85% of tested organisms, which emphasizes its medicinal property. Total reducing sugar content of the honey sample was 75gm % and protein content was 2.4 mg/g. Sugar profile analyzed by HPTLC confirmed the presence of Glucose, Fructose and Maltose in the honey sample. The exceptional antibacterial activity of honey against clinical bacterial isolates signifies the importance of honey in
Potencial da técnica in vitro semi-automática de produção de gases para avaliação de silagens de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

ABSTRACT - The potential of the semi-automated in vitro gas production technique was evaluated by incubation of four hybridsof sorghum (BR700, BR701, BR601 and AG2002). The results of this experiment ( in vitro dry matter digestibility, DMD) were comparedwith the apparent in vivo digestibility. The relationship between the dry matter digestibility obtained by the gas production techniqueafter 96 hours of incubation and the apparent dry matter digestibility in vivo was demonstrated by the equation: in vivo digestibility(g/kg) = 0.46 x DMD (g/kg) + 361.08 (r 2 =0.97). The gas technique estimated the apparent in vivo dry matter digestibility for all samplesevaluated in this experiment. In addition, the rumen fermentation kinetics and also the dry matter extent of degradation using differentrates of passage were calculated. The greater rate of gas production (%/h) obtained from the genotype BR601 (0.056) in relation to BR700(0.051), BR701 (0.044) and AG2002 (0.045) was probably related to the higher DMD of the hybrid (649, 598, 601 and 593 g/kgrespectively). Therefore, the semi-automated
Effects of excavating-sponge removal on coral growth

Some excavating sponges are strong competitors for space on coral reefs, able to kill live coral tissue and to overgrow entire coral colonies. Stony corals with excavating sponges can die or become dislodged. To date no restoration efforts to eliminate excavating sponges from live corals have been considered. In this study we examined the effect and remedial potential of removal of the excavating sponge, Cliona delitrix, by monitoring tissue loss of the stony coral Montastrea cavernosa. Thirty-three corals colonized by the sponge were used: 11 as controls, and 22 as treatments in which sponges were removed using hammer and chisel. After sponge removal, resultant cavities in the coral skeletons were filled with common cement or epoxy. Standardized photos of each coral were taken immediately after sponge removal, and at 6 and 12 months afterwards. Results were similar between fill materials and showed a reduction in coral tissue loss in colonies where the sponge was removed. This study demonstrates that eliminating the bioeroding sponge enables potential recovery in affected stony corals after a year. However, 36% of experimental corals showed renewed presence of C. delitrix on the colony surface within a year after removal, demonstrating the extraordinary ability of this sponge to colonize corals. Although the technique used in this study is applicable to enhance modern coral restoration practices by slowing tissue loss, this method is costly, elaborate, and not suitable at a reef-wide scale. Further restoration alternatives and long-term measures to prevent over-colonization of corals by excavating sponges are encouraged.