Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling the human heart ex vivo—current possibilities and strive for future applications

The high organ specification of the human heart is inversely proportional to its functional recovery after damage. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC‐CMs) has accelerated research in human heart regeneration and physiology. Nevertheless, due to the immaturity of iPSC‐CMs, they are far from being an representative model of the adult heart physiology. Therefore, number of laboratories strive to obtain a heart tissues by engineering methods by structuring iPSC‐CMs into complex and advanced platforms. By using the iPSC‐CMs and arranging them in 3D cultures it is possible to obtain a human heart muscle with physiological capabilities potentially similar to the adult heart, while remaining in vitro. Here, we attempt to describe existing examples of heart muscle either in vitro or ex vivo models and discuss potential options for the further development of such structures. This will be a crucial step for ultimate derivation of complete heart tissue‐mimicking organs and their future use in drug development, therapeutic approaches testing, pre‐clinical studies, and clinical applications. This review particularly aims to compile available models of advanced human heart tissue for scientists considering which model would best fit their research needs.
Fractional quantum hall effect in multicomponent systems

We study a number of fractional quantum Hall systems, such as quantum Hall bilayers, wide quantum wells or graphene, where underlying multicomponent degrees of freedom lead to novel physical phenomena. In the quantum Hall bilayer at the filling factor nu=1 we study mixed composite boson-composite fermion trial wave functions in order to describe the disordering of the exciton superfluid as the bilayer distance is increased. We propose wave functions to describe the states of the bilayer for intermediate distances and examine their properties. At the bilayer total filling nu=1/2 and nu=2/5 we study the quantum phase transition between the multicomponent Halperin states and the polarized, Abelian and non-Abelian, phases as the tunneling term is varied. We use a combination of exact diagonalization and the effective BCS model to study the transitions. Furthermore we introduce a realistic model of the wide quantum well which is used to examine even-denominator quantum Hall states at nu=1/2 and nu=1/4 in the lowest Landau level. Finally, we explore some possibilities for the fractional quantum Hall effect in graphene based on the multicomponent picture of spin and valley degrees of freedom.
Quantitative mapping of force–pCa curves to whole‐heart contraction and relaxation

The force–pCa (F–pCa) curve is used to characterize steady‐state contractile properties of cardiac muscle cells in different physiological, pathological and pharmacological conditions. This provides a reduced preparation in which to isolate sarcomere mechanisms. However, it is unclear how changes in the F–pCa curve impact emergent whole‐heart mechanics quantitatively. We study the link between sarcomere and whole‐heart function using a multiscale mathematical model of rat biventricular mechanics that describes sarcomere, tissue, anatomy, preload and afterload properties quantitatively. We first map individual cell‐level changes in sarcomere‐regulating parameters to organ‐level changes in the left ventricular function described by pressure–volume loop characteristics (e.g. end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volumes, ejection fraction and isovolumetric relaxation time). We next map changes in the sarcomere‐regulating parameters to changes in the F–pCa curve. We demonstrate that a change in the F–pCa curve can be caused by multiple different changes in sarcomere properties. We demonstrate that changes in sarcomere properties cause non‐linear and, importantly, non‐monotonic changes in left ventricular function. As a result, a change in sarcomere properties yielding changes in the F–pCa curve that improve contractility does not guarantee an improvement in whole‐heart function. Likewise, a desired change in whole‐heart function (i.e. ejection fraction or relaxation time) is not caused by a unique shift in the F–pCa curve. Changes in the F–pCa curve alone cannot be used to predict the impact of a compound on whole‐heart function.
Investigations into (cid:2) B -Modulated Regulatory Pathways Governing Extracellular Virulence Determinant Production in Staphylococcus aureus

The commonly used Staphylococcus aureus laboratory strain 8325-4 bears a naturally occurring 11-bp deletion in the (cid:1) B -regulating phosphatase rsbU . We have previously published a report (M. J. Horsburgh, J. L. Aish, I. J. White, L. Shaw, J. K. Lithgow, and S. J. Foster, J. Bacteriol. 184:5457–5467, 2002) on restoring the rsbU deletion, producing a (cid:1) B -functional 8325-4 derivative, SH1000. SH1000 is pleiotropically altered in phenotype from 8325-4, displaying enhanced pigmentation, increased growth yields, and a marked decrease in secreted exoproteins. This reduction in exoprotein secretion appears to result from a sixfold reduction in agr expression. In this study we have undertaken transposon mutagenesis of SH1000 to identify components involved in the modulation of extracellular proteases and (cid:2) is a de- rivative of has had cassette tetracycline To generate a EcoRI/NotI-ﬂanked (containing was into To generate a using was into to
University A little more conversation - The influence of communicative context on syntactic priming in brain and behavior

We report on an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) syntactic priming experiment in which we measure brain activity for participants who communicate with another participant outside the scanner. We investigated whether syntactic processing during overt language production and comprehension is inﬂuenced by having a (shared) goal to communicate. Although theory suggests this is true, the nature of this inﬂuence remains unclear. Two hypotheses are tested: (i) syntactic priming effects (fMRI and behavioral) are stronger for participants in the communicative context than for participants doing the same experiment in a non-communicative context, and (ii) syntactic priming magnitude (behavioral) is correlated with the syntactic priming magnitude of the speaker’s communicative partner. Results showed that across conditions, participants were faster to produce sentences with repeated syntax, relative to novel syntax.This behavioral result converged with the fMRI data: we found repetition suppression effects in the left insula extending into left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 47/45), left middle temporal gyrus (BA 21), left inferior parietal cortex (BA 40), left precentral gyrus (BA 6), bilateral precuneus (BA 7), bilateral supplementary motor cortex (BA 32/8), and right insula (BA 47). We did not ﬁnd support for the ﬁrst hypothesis: having a communicative intention does not increase the magnitude of syntactic priming effects (either in the brain or in behavior) per se . We did ﬁnd support for the second hypothesis: if speaker A is strongly/weakly primed by speaker B, then speaker B is primed by speaker A to a similar extent. We conclude that syntactic processing is inﬂuenced by being in a communicative context, and that the nature of this inﬂuence is bi-directional: speakers are inﬂuenced by each other.
T RA DE: A S IMPLE S ELF -A TTENTION -B ASED D ENSITY E STIMATOR

We present TraDE, a self-attention-based architecture for auto-regressive density estimation with continuous and discrete valued data. Our model is trained using a penalized maximum likelihood objective, which ensures that samples from the density estimate resemble the training data distribution. The use of self-attention means that the model need not retain conditional sufficient statistics during the autoregressive process beyond what is needed for each covariate. On standard tabular and image data benchmarks, TraDE produces significantly better density estimates than existing approaches such as normalizing flow estimators and recurrent autoregressive models. However log-likelihood on held-out data only partially reflects how useful these estimates are in real-world applications. In order to systematically evaluate density estimators, we present a suite of tasks such as regression using generated samples, out-of-distribution detection, and robustness to noise in the training data and demonstrate that TraDE works well in these scenarios.
A Priori Laplacian Concept: An Enhanced Method For Face Recognition

: Images containing faces are essential to intelligent vision-based human computer interaction, and research efforts in face processing include face recognition, face tracking, pose estimation, and expression recognition. The rapidly expanding research in face processing is based on the premise that information about a user’s identity, state, and intent can be extracted from images and that computers can then react accordingly, e.g., by knowing person’s identity, person may be authenticated to utilize a particular service or not. A first step of any face processing system is registering the locations in images where faces are present. However, face registration for whole database is a challenging task because of variability in scale, location, orientation (up-right, rotated), and pose (frontal, profile). Facial expression, occlusion, and lighting conditions also change the overall appearance of face. The Image registration algorithm will register all these images present in the database. The face recognition algorithm which is insensitive to large variation in lighting direction and facial expression is to be implemented. Taking a pattern classification approach, each pixel in an image can be considered as a coordinate in a high-dimensional space. The advantage of this is that the images of a particular face, under varying illumination but fixed pose, lie in a 3D linear subspace of the high dimensional image space— if the face is a Lambertian surface. However, since faces are not truly Lambertian surfaces and do indeed produce self-shadowing images will deviate from this linear subspace. Rather than explicitly modeling this deviation, project the image into a subspace in such a manner which discounts those regions of the face with large deviation. This is achieved by using dimension reduction techniques like Principal component analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant
Differences in the Nuclear Matrix Phosphoproteins of a Wild-type and Nitrogen Mustard-resistant Rat Breast Carcinoma Cell Line1

Using polyclonal antibodies raised against a rat liver nuclear envelope protein. Limili protein A, the nuclear matrix proteins of a Walker 256 rat mammary carcinoma wild-type (WS) and a selected cell line with acquired resistance to nitrogen mustards (WR) were found to possess antigenic determinants which were recognized by the antibodies. In one-dimensional immunoblotting analysis, the nuclear matrix protein frac tions of both cell lines revealed a common band at M, 75,000; however only the WS nuclear matrix protein fraction contained a broad band at approximately M, 70,000. Two-dimensional gel blotting studies of these proteins showed that this M, 70,000 WS protein had a pi of approxi mately 7.5. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that the altered mo bility of this protein could be a function of phosphorylation. The nuclear matrix proteins from both WS and WR cells were shown to bind 3':5'-cyclic adenylic acid (cAMP), as judged by photoaffinity labeling and gel electrophoresis studies. The WS nuclear matrix proteins showed a quan titatively greater level of cAMP binding compared to WR, with predom inant binding to proteins with molecular weights of 45,000, 55,000, and 70,000. In WR cells, there was no cAMP binding in the \1, 70,000 region. These data indicate that the M, 70,000 nuclear matrix lamin proteins are antigenically similar in WS and WR but differ in that the WR protein is hypophosphorylated and does not bind cAMP. autoradiography.Immunoprecipitation Studies. Immunoprecipitation of 12P-labelednu clear assay Â¿igof test Â»/Iof 2 h at 37Â°Cand then overnight at 4Â°C.After 50 /d of immunoprecipitin (BRL) added centrifuged in microcentrifuge for 1 min. The above steps were repeated using 10 test i.e., polyclonal anti-lamin A and visualized after SDS-PAGE analysis autoradiogram.
Advanced Automatic Brain Tumor Detection System using Deep Convolution Neural Network

- The brain is the body organ composed of nerve cells and supportive tissues like glial cells and meninges – there are three major parts – they control your activity like breathing (brain stem), activity like moving muscles to walk (cerebellum) and your senses like sight and our memory, emotions, thinking and personality (cerebrum). A brain tumor is a collection, or mass, of abnormal cells in your brain. Your skull, which encloses your brain, is very rigid. Any growth inside such a restricted space can cause problems. Brain tumors can be cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign). When benign or malignant tumors grow, they can cause the pressure inside your skull to increase. This can cause brain damage, and it can be life-threatening.so an early detection of tumor is required and for that a reliable technique is required, thus we use digital image processing methods with deep convolution neural network and a accuracy of 93.7% is achieved with that.
and CD137L Responses by Dual Costimulation with CD80 Enhancement of HIV-Specific CD8 T Cell

HIV-speciﬁc CD8 T cell responses are defective in chronic HIV infection. In this study, we report that costimulation with either CD137L (4-1BBL) or CD80 (B7.1) enhanced the Ag-speciﬁc expansion and acquisition of effector function by HIV-speciﬁc memory CD8 T cells. Ag-speciﬁc T cells from recently infected donors showed maximal expansion with single costimulatory molecules. Dual costimulation of T cells from recently infected donors or from healthy donors responding to inﬂuenza epitopes led to enhanced responses when the accumulation of cytokines was measured. However, accumulation of regulatory cytokines, particularly IFN- (cid:1) , led to inhibition of further Ag-speciﬁc CD8 T cell expansion in the cultures. This inhibition was relieved by neutralization of IFN- (cid:1) or of IFN- (cid:1) , TNF, and IL-10. Thus, strong costimulation of T cells in vitro can lead to induction of regulatory cytokines at levels that limit further T cell expansion. In marked contrast, T cells from long-term ( > 4 years) infected HIV (cid:2) donors exhibited reduced Ag-speciﬁc CD8 T cell expansion, reduced CD4 T cell responses, and minimal cytokine accumulation. Dual costimulation with both 4-1BBL and B7.1 enhanced responses of T cells from long-term infected subjects to a level similar to that obtained with T cells from early in HIV infection. Experiments with puriﬁed CD8 T cells showed that B7.1 and 4-1BBL could act directly and syner-gistically on CD8 T cells. Taken together, these data suggest that 4-1BBL CD8 T cells from each donor were tested in the absence or in the presence of low dose IL-2 (0.04 U/ml). In total, we tested six donors for responses of isolated CD8 T cells to 4-1BBL and four donors for responses to dual costimulaion. In all donors, at least under some conditions, 4-1BBL induced CD8 T cell expansion and there was enhancement with dual costimulation. in this study, we show that 4-1BBL or B7.1 delivered to syngeneic monocytes using recombinant replication-defective adenovirus augments peptide-speciﬁc HIV responses of CD8 T cells from donors at early and chronic stages of HIV
Water Uptake and Distribution in Germinating Tobacco Seeds Investigated in Vivo by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging 1[w]

The regulation of water uptake of germinating tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum ) seeds was studied spatially and temporally by in vivo 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microimaging and 1 H-magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. These nondestructive state-of-the-art methods showed that water distribution in the water uptake phases II and III is inhomogeneous. The micropylar seed end is the major entry point of water. The micropylar endosperm and the radicle show the highest hydration. Germination of tobacco follows a distinct pattern of events: rupture of the testa is followed by rupture of the endosperm. Abscisic acid (ABA) speciﬁcally inhibits endosperm rupture and phase III water uptake, but does not alter the spatial and temporal pattern of phase I and II water uptake. Testa rupture was associated with an increase in water uptake due to initial embryo elongation, which was not inhibited by ABA. Overexpression of b -1,3-glucanase in the seed-covering layers of transgenic tobacco seeds did not alter the moisture sorption isotherms or the spatial pattern of water uptake during imbibition, but partially reverted the ABA inhibition of phase III water uptake and of endosperm rupture. In vivo 13 C-magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy showed that seed oil mobilization is not inhibited by ABA. ABA therefore does not inhibit germination by preventing oil mobilization or by decreasing the water-holding capacity of the micropylar endosperm and the radicle. Our results support the proposal that different seed tissues and organs hydrate at different extents and that the micropylar endosperm region of tobacco acts as a water reservoir for the embryo.
Matching and Mismatching Faces and Voices

When the face fits: Recognition of Celebrities from Matching and Mismatching Faces and Voices. Abstract The results of two experiments are presented in which participants engaged in a face-recognition or a voice-recognition task. The stimuli were face-voice pairs in which the face and voice were co-presented and were either ‘matched’ (same person), ‘related’ (two highly associated people), or ‘mismatched’ (two unrelated people). Analysis in both experiments confirmed that accuracy and confidence in face recognition was consistently high regardless of the identity of the accompanying voice. However accuracy of voice recognition was increasingly affected as the relationship between voice and accompanying face declined. Moreover, when considering self-reported confidence in voice recognition, confidence remained high for correct responses despite the proportion of these responses declining across conditions. These results converged with existing evidence indicating the vulnerability of voice recognition as a relatively weak signaller of identity, and results are discussed in the context of a person-recognition framework.
F/sub N/ method in neutron-transport theory. Part II: applications and numerical results

The recently developed F/sub N/ method is used to solve the half-space albedo problem and the half-space constant-source problem. In addition, the reflected and transmitted currents for the finite slab and the critical thickness of a multiplying slab are reported. As further tests of the method, the inverse problem for the finite slab is solved, and the flux distortion factor for typical two-media problems is computed. It is shown that the F/sub N/ method, although particularly concise, yields excellent numerical results for the problems considered.
(2015) Bioenergetic disruption of human micro-vascular endothelial cells by antipsychotics. Biochemical and Biophysical Research

Antipsychotics (APs) are widely used medications, however these are not without side effects such as disruption of blood brain barrier function (BBB). To investigate this further we have studied the chronic effects of the typical APs, chlorpromazine (CPZ) and haloperidol (HAL) and the atypical APs, risperidone (RIS) and clozapine (CLZ), on the bioenergetics of human micro-vascular endothelial cells (HBVECs) of the BBB. Alamar blue (AB) and ATP assays showed that these APs impair bioenergenesis in HBVECs in a concentration and time dependent manner. However since these effects were incomplete they suggest a population of cell bioenergetically heterogeneous, an idea supported by the bistable nature by which APs affected the mitochondrial transmembrane potential. CPZ, HAL and CLZ inhibited the activity of mitochondrial complexes I and III. Our data demonstrates that at therapeutic concentrations, APs can impair the bioenergetic status of HBVECs, an action that help explains the adverse side effects of these drugs when used clinically.
Uncovering Hidden Diversity: Three New Species of the Keratella Genus (Rotifera, Monogononta, Brachionidae) of High Altitude Water Systems from Central Mexico

The correct identification of species is an essential step before any study on biodiversity, ecology or genetics. Keratella is a genus with a predominantly temperate distribution and with several species being endemics or restricted geographically. Its diversity may be underestimated considering the confusing taxonomy of species complexes such as K. cochlearis. In this study, we examined genetic diversity and morphology among some Keratella populations from Mexico in order to determine if these populations represent different species. We analyzed a dataset of previously published and newly generated sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene and the nuclear ITS1 marker. We conducted phylogenetic analyses and applied three methods of species delimitation (ABGD, PTP and GMYC) to identify evolutionary significant units (ESUs) equivalent to species. Morphological analyses were conducted through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and morphometry under a compound microscope. In the present study, three new species Keratella cuitzeiensis sp. nov., Keratella huapanguensis sp. nov., and Keratella albertae sp. nov., are formally described. These species were collected in high-altitude water bodies located in the Central Plateau of Mexico. Combining DNA results through COI and ITS1 molecular markers and morphology it was possible to confirm the identity of the new species.
Editorial: Root Branching: From Lateral Root Primordium Initiation and Morphogenesis to Function

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