Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Design and Realization of the Intelligentized Online Testing System Based on Templates

This article introduces the design and realization process of intelligentized online testing system based on templates. The biggest difference between this system and the traditional online testing system is: there is no item bank in this system, and all of the test questions are generated from the testing templates, and every template can generate endless test questions, which are of the same knowledge and of the same difficult. The testing questions can effectively avoid the repetition of the test questions, it has reduced the accidental factors in the examination to the maximum extent, and the practical application prospects of the system are very good.
Can we continue to ignore gender differences in performance on simulation trainers?

BACKGROUND There are differences between the genders in their innate performances on simulation trainers, which may impair accurate assessment of psychomotor skills. METHODS The performance of fourth-year students with no exposure to the Minimally Invasive Surgical Trainer compared based on gender, and other psychomotor skills. RESULTS Our study included 16 male and 16 female students. After adjusting for choice of medical specialty (P<.001), current video game use (P=.6), and experience in the operating room (P=.4), female sex was an independent factor for worse performance (P=.04) in multivariate models. Women took more time than men (P<.01) and made more errors (29 versus 25 on 3 reps, P<.01). CONCLUSIONS Among medical students with no previous exposure to laparoscopic trainers, female students perform worse than male students after adjusting for confounding factors. This difference must be recognized by training programs while using simulators for training and evaluation.
Functional electric stimulation-assisted rowing: Increasing cardiovascular fitness through functional electric stimulation rowing training in persons with spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVES To assess changes in peak functional aerobic power after a 36-session, progressive functional electric stimulation (FES) rowing hybrid training program for persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to examine the safety and acceptability of the ROWSTIM II device as well as the integrity of technical modifications to it. DESIGN Repeated-measures training study, quasi-experimental design, within-person data comparison. SETTING A university-based recreational physical activity facility for persons with physical disabilities. PARTICIPANTS Six persons with level C7-T12 SCI (American Spinal Injury Association classes A-C). INTERVENTION Progressive rowing training program, 30 minutes per session, 3 times a week for 12 weeks at 70% to 75% of pretest peak functional aerobic power during FES rowing on an open loop control, FES-assisted rowing machine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Total rowing distance, peak functional oxygen consumption, and peak oxygen pulse. RESULTS Subjects completed between 22 to 36 sessions. After 3 months of training, rowing distance increased by 25% (P<.02), peak oxygen consumption by 11.2% (P<.001), and peak oxygen pulse by 11.4% (P<.01). Heart rate response to hybrid training did not change at the end of training, although peak heart rate with FES lower-extremity exercise increased significantly from pre- to posttraining (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS Pre- and posttraining peak aerobic power values for ROWSTIM II training were comparable to previously reported values for hybrid cycle and upper-extremity exercise. We conclude that FES-assisted rowing is an effective, safe, and well-tolerated training system for persons with SCI.
DECREASING HARDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT IN RELATION TO PHOTOSYNTHESIS, DEFOLIATION, AND WINTER INJURY.

The hardening of plants with the approach of the winter season has been the subject of numerous studies; the decreasing hardiness of plants with the approach of spring has received little attention. DEXTER (1, 3) and DExTER, TOTTINGHAM, and GRABER (4, 5) have made use of methods of studying hardiness which involved the principle of changed permeability and electrical conductivity of tissues injured by freezing. Plants were hardened under various controlled coniditions and it was found that they hardened poorly or not at all in the dark, when low in organic reserves; plants in the same condition hardened well if given opportunity for photosynthesis at low temperatures. If the conditions during hardening were such that material vegetative extension occurred, hardening was in general lessened thereby. If, during part of the day and especially at night, the respiration rate of the plants was raised by elevating the temperature, hardening was inhibited (see also PELTIER and TYSDAL 6). In general the development of hardiness was favored by environmental conditions which would seem to tend toward the accumulation or conservation of the organic food supply. This paper deals with the application of these general principles to the problem of the return of the plant to the less cold-resistant condition. There appears to be little if any description of work done in regard to the rapidity of development of this condition, or the factors influencing it.
Effects of weaning cereals with different phytate content on growth, development and morbidity: a randomized intervention trial in infants from 6 to 12 months of age

Background: Phytate decreases iron and zinc bioavailability and contributes to deficiencies of iron and zinc, potentially causing anaemia, poor psychomotor development, impaired growth and increased risk of diarrhoea and respiratory infections. Aim: To investigate whether a reduced dietary intake of phytate, either via extensively phytate‐reduced infant cereals [milk cereal drinks (MCDs) and porridge] or a milk‐based infant formula, would improve growth and development and reduce morbidity in infants. Design: Infants (n= 300) were, in a double‐blind design, randomized to three diet intervention groups from 6 to 12 mo of age—commercial MCD and porridge (CC group), phytate‐reduced MCD and phytate‐reduced porridge (PR group), or milk‐based infant formula and porridge with regular phytate content (IF group)—then followed until 18 mo. Dietary intake, anthropometry, development (Bayley Scales of Infant Development) and episodes of infectious diseases were registered. Results: There were no significant differences between study groups in growth, development or morbidity until 12 mo of age. The IF group had a 77% higher risk (95% CI: 1.05–2.97) of diarrhoea compared to the PR group during the 12–17‐mo period. Infants with haemoglobin concentration (Hb) <110 g/l at 12 mo had lower attained weight at 18 mo (11.14 kg vs 11.73 kg, p= 0.012). Infants with serum zinc (S‐Zn) <10.7 μmol/l at 12 mo had higher risk of respiratory infections (RR= 1.74, 95% CI: 1.19–2.56) compared to controls.
Advances In Structure Elucidation Of Small Molecules Using Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry is a standard technique for the analytical investigation of molecules and complex mixtures. It is important in determining the elemental composition of a molecule and in gaining partial structural insights using mass spectral fragmentations. The final structure confirmation of an unknown organic compound is always performed with a set of independent methods such as one(1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) or infrared spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography and other spectroscopic methods. The term structure elucidation usually refers to full de novo structure identification, and it results in a complete molecular connection table with correct stereochemical assignments. Such an identification process without any assumptions or pre-knowledge is commonly the domain of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The term dereplication often refers to the rediscovery of known natural products by means of mass spectral library search or the interpretation of known mass spectral fragmentations.
Evaluation of indomethacin and dexamethasone effects on BCRP-mediated drug resistance in MCF-7 parental and resistant cell lines

Breast cancer resistance protein is a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter G family that extrudes xenotoxins from cells, mediating drug resistance, and has been recognized as a major cause of failure of various carcinoma chemotherapies. In this study, the modulatory effects of dexamethasone and indomethacin on the cell cytotoxicity of mitoxantrone and on the BCRP protein activity in breast cancer cell lines were examined. MCF cells were seeded at 1 × 104 cells per well in 96-well flat-bottomed microplates for 48 hours and treated with increasing doses of dexamethasone, indomethacin, and novobiocin alone or preincubated with increasing doses of the drugs and then coexposed to mitoxantrone. Cell viability was measured after 1–4 days, using the MTT assay. BCRP activity was determined flow cytometrically by measuring mitoxantrone accumulation in the absence and presence of the inhibitor, novobiocin. Cotreatment of mitoxantrone with different concentrations of dexamethasone and indomethacin sensitized parental and resistant MCF-7 cells to mitoxantrone cytotoxicity. Dexamethasone increased the accumulation of mitoxantrone in the MCF-7/MX cell line, indicating an inhibition of BCRP. In spite of increased levels of mitoxantrone cytotoxicity in the presence of indomethacin, the accumulation of mitoxantrone was not increased in indomethacin-treated MCF cells.
Overlapping community detection with seed set expansion by local cluster coefficient

Since Web 2.0 be announced, social media services become popular in these years. Due to multiple relationships existing simultaneously among the members of the community in real world, to detect all overlapping communities from complex networks is becoming an important issue. The paper proposed a novel overlapping community detection method by seed set expansion with local cluster coefficient (LCC). In addition, the detection result will be evaluated by measuring the cohesion quality of communities.
A novel chimeric ribozyme vector produces potent inhibition of ICAM‐1 expression on ischemic vascular endothelium

Inhibition of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) expression can ameliorate the inflammation induced by ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) in animal models. However, current strategies to reduce ICAM‐1 expression have been limited by the lack of stability, poor specificity, and the transient nature of synthesized regulatory molecules (antisense/ribozyme).
On a Pin Versus Block Relationship For Partitions of Logic Graphs

Partitions of the set of blocks of a computer logic graph, also called a block graph, into subsets called modules demonstrate that a two-region relationship exists between P, the average number of pins per module, and B, the average number of blocks per module. In the first region, P = KBr, where K is the average number of pins per block and 0.57 ≤ r ≤ 0.75. In the second region, that is, where the number of modules is small (i.e., 1-5), P is less than predicted by the above formula and is given by a more complex relationship. These conclusions resulted from controlled partitioning experiments performed using a computer program to partition four logic graphs varying in size from 500 to 13 000 circuits representing three different computers. The size of a block varied from one NOR circuit in one of the block graphs to a 30-circuit chip in one of the other block graphs.
Novel N-terminal and Lysine Methyltransferases That Target Translation Elongation Factor 1A in Yeast and Human*

Eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) is an essential, highly methylated protein that facilitates translational elongation by delivering aminoacyl-tRNAs to ribosomes. Here, we report a new eukaryotic protein N-terminal methyltransferase, Saccharomyces cerevisiae YLR285W, which methylates eEF1A at a previously undescribed high-stoichiometry N-terminal site and the adjacent lysine. Deletion of YLR285W resulted in the loss of N-terminal and lysine methylation in vivo, whereas overexpression of YLR285W resulted in an increase of methylation at these sites. This was confirmed by in vitro methylation of eEF1A by recombinant YLR285W. Accordingly, we name YLR285W as elongation factor methyltransferase 7 (Efm7). This enzyme is a new type of eukaryotic N-terminal methyltransferase as, unlike the three other known eukaryotic N-terminal methyltransferases, its substrate does not have an N-terminal [A/P/S]-P-K motif. We show that the N-terminal methylation of eEF1A is also present in human; this conservation over a large evolutionary distance suggests it to be of functional importance. This study also reports that the trimethylation of Lys79 in eEF1A is conserved from yeast to human. The methyltransferase responsible for Lys79 methylation of human eEF1A is shown to be N6AMT2, previously documented as a putative N(6)-adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase. It is the direct ortholog of the recently described yeast Efm5, and we show that Efm5 and N6AMT2 can methylate eEF1A from either species in vitro. We therefore rename N6AMT2 as eEF1A-KMT1. Including the present work, yeast eEF1A is now documented to be methylated by five different methyltransferases, making it one of the few eukaryotic proteins to be extensively methylated by independent enzymes. This implies more extensive regulation of eEF1A by this posttranslational modification than previously appreciated.
Almost-Invariants: From Bugs in Distributed Systems to Invariants

It is notoriously hard to develop dependable distributed systems. This is partly due to the difficulties in foreseeing various corner cases and failure scenarios while implementing a system that will be deployed over an asynchronous network. In contrast, reasoning about the desired distributed system behavior and the corresponding invariants is easier than reasoning about the code itself. Further, the invariants can be used for testing, theorem proving, and runtime enforcement. In this paper, we propose an approach to observe the system behavior and automatically infer invariants which reveal implementation bugs. Using our tool, Avenger, we automatically generate a large number of potentially relevant properties, check them within the time and spatial domains using traces of system executions, and filter out all but a few properties before reporting them to the developer. Our key insight in filtering is that a good candidate for an invariant is the one that holds in all but a few cases, i.e., an "almost-invariant". Our experimental results with the BGP, RandTree, and Chord implementations demonstrate Avenger's ability to identify the almost-invariants that lead the developer to programming errors.
Key Technologies of ASP Based Collaborative Design

The implementation of ASP based collaborative design system enables the broad masses of small and medium enterprises jump the traces of purchasing expensive hardware, software and technologies, reduces the risks of capital investment, and then enables the enterprises to do the design work at a lower cost, which leads to the improvement in product development capacity, efficiency and quality. The integration framework of the developed ASP based collaborative design systems is divided into four logic layers. The key technologies of clients involved collaborative design process management are investigated deeply. An ASP based collaborative design system is developed and applied in Dalian SANYO Refrigeration Co., Ltd., Dalian, China. Application report proved that the system enhanced the design efficiency markedly.
Music therapy with Alzheimer's patients and their family caregivers: a pilot project.

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a pilot project sponsored by a private foundation in Spain ("Fundació la Caixa"), in order to demonstrate some of the applications of music therapy, and to measure more systematically some of its effects on people with a probable diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (ADRD) in early-moderate stages of the disease, and their family caregivers. Subjects for this project were 14 patients (5 women and 9 men) with a probable diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, and 14 family caregivers (9 women and 5 men) from a rural area outside of Barcelona. Their age range was 70 to 80 years. Prior to the beginning of the project, a neuropsychologist specialized in gerontology administered a series of standardized tests to the participants. These same tests were administered again 2 days before the end of the project and 2 months later for follow-up purposes. The results of the satisfaction questionnaire showed that the caregivers perceived an improvement in the social and emotional areas of their patients, and statistical tests showed significant differences between pre and posttest scores in the following tests: (a) Dementia Scale (X2 = 12.29, p = .002), (b) NPI (X2 = 17.72, p = .001), (c) the Cohen-Mansfield agitation scale (X2 = 11.45, p = .003), (d) Burden Interview (X2 = 9.19, p = .01), (e) Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (frequency subscale) (X2 = 11.09, p = .004), (f) STAI-S (X2 = 14.72, p = .001), and (g) Beck's Depression Inventory (X2 = 9.38, p = .009). These results and their implications are discussed extensively.
Active Messages: A Mechanism for Integrated Communication and Computation

The design challenge for large-scale multiprocessors is (1) to minimize communication overhead, (2) allow communication to overlap computation, and (3) coordinate the two without sacrificing processor cost/performance. We show that existing message passing multiprocessors have unnecessarily high communication costs. Research prototypes of message driven machines demonstrate low communication overhead, but poor processor cost/performance. We introduce a simple communication mechanism, Active Messages, show that it is intrinsic to both architectures, allows cost effective use of the hardware, and offers tremendous flexibility. Implementations on nCUBE/2 and CM-5 are described and evaluated using a split-phase shared-memory extension to C, Split-C. We further show that active messages are sufficient to implement the dynamically scheduled languages for which message driven machines were designed. With this mechanism, latency tolerance becomes a programming/compiling concern. Hardware support for active messages is desirable and we outline a range of enhancements to mainstream processors.
Elimination characteristics of post-operative isoflurane levels in alveolar exhaled breath via PTR-MS analysis

Isoflurane (1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether), C3H2ClF5O, is a commonly used inhalation anaesthetic. Using a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) we have detected isoflurane in the breath of patients several weeks following major surgery. That isoflurane is detected in the breath of patients so long after being anaesthetised raises questions about when cognitive function has fully returned to a patient. Temporal profiles of isoflurane concentrations in breath are presented for five patients (F/M 3/2, mean age 50 years, min–max 36–58 years) who had undergone liver transplant surgery. In addition, results from a headspace analysis of isoflurane are presented so that the product ions resulting from the reactions of H3O+ with isoflurane in PTR-MS could be easily identified in the absence of the complex chemical environment of breath. Six product ions were identified. In order of increasing m/z (using the 35Cl isotope where appropriate) these are CHF2+ (m/z 51), CHFCl+ (m/z 67), CF3CHCl+ (m/z 117), C3F4OCl+ (m/z 163), C3H2F4OCl+ (m/z 165), and C3F4OCl+ H2O (m/z 183). No protonated parent was detected. For the headspace study both clean air and CO2 enriched clean air (4% CO2) were used as buffer gases in the drift tube of the PTR-MS. The CO2 enriched air was used to determine if exhaled breath would affect the product ion branching ratios. Importantly no significant differences were observed, and therefore for isoflurane the product ion distributions determined in a normal air mixture can be used for breath analysis. Given that PTR-MS can be operated under different reduced electric fields (E/N), the dependence of the product ion branching percentages for isoflurane on E/N (96–138 Td) are reported.
Temporal lobe epilepsy patients with severe hippocampal neuron loss but normal hippocampal volume: Extracellular matrix molecules are important for the maintenance of hippocampal volume

Hippocampal sclerosis is a common finding in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies associate the reduction of hippocampal volume with the neuron loss seen on histologic evaluation. Astrogliosis and increased levels of chondroitin sulfate, a major component of brain extracellular matrix, are also seen in hippocampal sclerosis. Our aim was to evaluate the association between hippocampal volume and chondroitin sulfate, as well as neuronal and astroglial populations in the hippocampus of patients with TLE.
The carboxy‐terminal 10 amino acid residues of cytochrome b5 are necessary for its targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Cytochrome b5 is an integral membrane protein located on the outer surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This cytochrome is considered to be synthesized on free ribosomes and to be inserted post‐translationally into the ER membrane, without participation of a signal recognition particle. To elucidate the signal responsible for targeting of cytochrome b5 to the ER membrane in vivo, DNAs encoding various derivatives of the cytochrome were constructed and introduced into cultured mammalian COS cells, and the subcellular distributions of the derivatives expressed in the cells were then analyzed. The deletion of more than 11 amino acid residues at the carboxy‐terminal end of cytochrome b5 abolished the targeting and anchoring of the cytochrome to the ER membrane. Fusion proteins consisting of the carboxy‐terminal 10 amino acid residues of cytochrome b5 and passenger proteins with the hydrophobic portion could be localized in the ER membrane. Thus, the last 10 amino acid residues of cytochrome b5 carry information necessary for the cytochrome to be targeted to the ER membrane.
Estrogen receptor in bovine skeletal muscle.

In connection with investigations of the anabolic action of estrogens, we examined skeletal muscle of veal calves for estradiol receptors. The high speed supernatant of muscle homogenate was incubated with . 5 nM 3H-estradiol and for the determination of nonspecific binding with . 5 nM 3H-estradiol plus 13 nM estradiol at 0 C overnight. After treatment with charcoal two times, the supernatant was analyzed by agar gel electrophoresis. Specific binding was found in the typical position of cytosolic estradiol receptor. Ninety percent of 3H-estradiol binding was suppressed by estradiol-17 beta, zeranol, estrone or diethylstilbestrol, but was not affected by testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, trenbolone or progesterone. The specific binding activity varied between . 3 and 2.0 fmol/mg protein and the dissociation constant of the receptor was Kd = 60 pM. After an enrichment up to 42 fmol/mg cytosolic protein using heparin sepharose, the receptor remained unchanged as determined by agar gel electrophoresis. Although uterine tissue generally contains 1,000 times more estradiol receptors, these results clearly demonstrate that skeletal muscle also contains estradiol receptors with identical properties. This indicates that one possible component of the anabolic action of estrogens may be the direct stimulation of the muscle via the estradiol receptor.