Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functors among Relational Variants of Categories Related to L-Fuzzy Partitions, L-Fuzzy Pretopological Spaces and L-Fuzzy Closure Spaces

Various types of topological and closure operators are significantly used in fuzzy theory and applications. Although they are different operators, in some cases it is possible to transform an operator of one type into another. This in turn makes it possible to transform results relating to an operator of one type into results relating to another operator. In the paper relationships among 15 categories of modifications of topological L-valued operators, including Čech closure or interior L-valued operators, L-fuzzy pretopological and L-fuzzy co-pretopological operators, L-valued fuzzy relations, upper and lower F-transforms and spaces with fuzzy partitions are investigated. The common feature of these categories is that their morphisms are various L-fuzzy relations and not only maps. We prove the existence of 23 functors among these categories, which represent transformation processes of one operator into another operator, and we show how these transformation processes can be mutually combined.
Development of a Tandem Hormone Assay for the Detection of Pregnancy in the Miniature Mare

The measurement of serum estrone sulfate (E1S) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) can be used as an accurate, noninvasive technique for pregnancy detection in the miniature mare. Authors’ address: Depts. of Animal Science (Foristall and Roser) and Population Health and Reproduction (all other authors), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616. r 1998 AAEP.
Generic status of Winitia (Annonaceae, Miliuseae) reaffirmed by molecular phylogenetic analysis, including a new species and a new combination from Thailand

The generic status of Winitia Chaowasku (Annonaceae Juss., Miliuseae Hook.f. & Thomson) is reaffirmed by an extensive phylogenetic reconstruction using seven plastome regions ( mat K, ndh F, rbc L, ycf 1 exons; trn L intron; psb A- trn H, trn L- trn F intergenic spacers) and including, among others, seven accessions of Winitia plus two accessions of its sister group, Stelechocarpus Hook.f. & Thomson. The results disclosed a maximally supported clade of Winitia , as well as of Stelechocarpus . The sister relationship of the two genera is still rather poorly supported and the branch uniting them is very short, whereas the branches leading to Winitia and to Stelechocarpus are relatively long, corresponding to their considerable morphological differences. Additionally, in Miliuseae there is a particular indel of eight continuous base pairs in the trn L- trn F intergenic spacer potentially diagnostic for generic discrimination, i.e., members in the same genus possess the same indel structure (absence or presence of a gap), and this indel differentiates Winitia from Stelechocarpus . Winitia cauliflora (Scheff.) Chaowasku appears polyphyletic and Winitia longipes (Craib) Chaowasku & Aongyong comb. nov. based on Stelechocarpus longipes Craib is consequently proposed. Furthermore, our phylogenetic data support a new species, Winitia thailandana Chaowasku & Aongyong sp. nov. from southern Thailand, which is described and illustrated. A key to genera in the sageraeoid clade ( Sageraea - Winitia - Stelechocarpus ) and a key to the four species of Winitia are provided.
Territorial Fidelity of Male Guanacos in the Patagonia of Southern Chile

Abstract We investigated site fidelity of territorial male guanacos (Lama guanicoe) in Torres del Paine National Park, Chile. The study took place over a 10-year period, with intensive work in the final years, 1997–1999. Guanacos have a social system of resource-defense polygyny with fluid movement of females between male territories. After the annual winter migration, males establish and maintain their territories from mid-spring until late autumn. Territorial males are classified as solo or family-group territorial males. We collected data on type, location, size, and usage of territories for tagged, known-age males. We compared male territorial fidelity between mating (8 December–11 January) and nonmating periods within the 6-month territorial season each year (1 October–15 March) and between multiple years. Males used the same area within the 1997 and 1998 territorial seasons (n = 47). Most males (73%; n = 60) also returned to the same territory location from year to year. Males (27%) that shifted territorial locations showed no clear patterns in changes between solo territorial males and family-group territorial males. High predictability of male territory sites within a given year and between years has short- and long-term benefits for management and conservation efforts.
Impact of pharmaceutical price controls on the cost of cardiovascular drugs: does essentiality matter?

ABSTRACT Background With the goal of improving the affordability of medicines, governments across the globe have instituted various forms of price controls. Since 2013, India has been regulating the prices of drugs included in its national list of essential medicines (NLEM). Here we evaluate the cost variations among available cardiovascular drugs and perform cost-analysis comparing essential and non-essential drugs. Methods Data on listed prices of selected cardiovascular drugs – essential (NLEM) and non-essential (NNLEM) – were sourced from multiple drug information compendia. Price of medications was calculated in cost-per-defined-daily-dose (DDD)-units and NLEM vs. NNLEM drugs were compared. Regression analysis was used to explore the determinants of percentage cost variation (PCV) of drugs. Results The median-cost/DDD of essential medicines was lower as compared to non-essential ones for all therapeutic drug classes, with greatest difference observed for antianginals and least for heart failure medicines. There were substantial cost variations with values in excess of 1000% for six medicines, all being essential. The regression analysis failed to demonstrate a significant effect of essentiality on PCV (β = 0.19, P = 0.314). Conclusions Our analyses demonstrate considerable cost variations for some essential cardiovascular medicines. Given the need for prolonged and often, lifelong-treatment, there is significant potential for cost savings based on chosen brand, highlighting the need for patient as well as prescriber education.
The Impact on Children's Mental Health of School Closures to Prevent the Spread of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)

In Japan, schools were suddenly closed all over the country with one month left at the end of the school year to prevent the spread of new coronavirus infections. Although previous studies have shown that quarantine and isolation have a negative impact on mental health, the impact of school closure on children's mental health is not clear. This study examined mental health indicators, such as emotional symptoms, in addition to behavior during school closure and anxiety after school resumes, among children in three primary schools for which survey data existed in December before school closure. No cases of infection have been confirmed in the area where the school was located at the time of the survey. As a result, anxiety about whether they would be able to return to their normal routine after school resumed was associated with mental health. In addition, there was a worsening of emotional symptoms in those who were in medium group of school adjustment as of December.
Fruit and vegetable intake is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes in Chinese women: results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the associations between fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and the risk of prediabetes or type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is a cross-sectional study that involved 6802 participants aged 18–65 years. Dietary intake and other variables were assessed by questionnaires. The prevalence of prediabetes and T2D was ascertained by self-report and analyses of fasting blood samples. In the multiple logistic regression models, FV intake was negatively associated the risk of T2D in women (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.71), whereas no such association was observed in men (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.65, 1.47). Furthermore, FV consumption was inversely associated with prediabetes risk in men and women. Results suggested that higher intake of FV was associated with a decreased risk of T2D or prediabetes in Chinese women and a reduced risk of prediabetes in men only.
Evaluation of Anticancer and Neuroprotective Properties of Curcumin: a Network Analysis

Background and objectives: Curcumin as a medicinal substance has shown effective in different kinds of diseases especially cancer. To understand its underlying mechanism, molecular complementary study of differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) could assist. In this view, regulatory network analysis of DEMs of melanoma cancer treated with curcumin versus the untreated male Mus musculus was investigated in this study. Methods: Data was obtained from the database of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), https://www.ncbi. nlm.nih. gov/geo/. At first, the log fold change (FC)≥ 2 was assigned for predicting a cut off for DEMs in the following study. GEO2R detected a number of 250 top significantly changed microRNAs based on the priority of the most statistically significant ones. These miRNAs were then explored for regulatory network analysis via Cytoscape softwarev.3. 7.2 and its plug-ins. Results: The findings indicated that a number of 21 miRNAs were statistically significant with differential expression amounts. Regulatory network also identified important microRNAs of mmu-miR-199a, mmu-miR-199b, mmu-miR-21, mmu-miR-142-3p, mmu-miR-148a, mmu-miR-214 and genes of Pkp3, Usp19, Ercc4, Ttc25, Atp13a2, Akr1b7, Umod, Nup188, Imp3, and Tmem74b. The highest ranked hub was mmu-miR-199a, which had nine connections. Conclusion: The present study offers new insights into the molecular mechanism of curcumin health benefits in melanoma cancer.
Establishment of criteria for determining preventive maintenance requirements of cement pavement

In order to obtain the criteria for preventive maintenance of cement pavement in military airport, based on the basic assumption of flatness-dynamic load interaction in the decay process of cement pavement, derivative inflection point is adopted. The method solves the relationship between the International roughness index (IRI) and the pavement damage index (L), and obtains the IRI critical value of the cement pavement when the L decay is the fastest. After the analysis and verification, the judgment standard of the cement pavement IRI is obtained. This paper analyzes the related research results of the preventive maintenance standard range of pavement condition index (PCI), summarizes and concludes the judgment standard of pavement PCI, and gets the PCI-L relation based on L-IRI and PCI-IRI relation, and finally gets the judgment standard of L. Based on the current situation that our army still mainly adopts the three-meter ruler for flatness test and a large number of measured data, a three-meter ruler average gap and a pavement IRI correlation relationship are established, which realizes the conversion between the two. Based on the current situation of less accumulation of performance test data of cement pavement in military airport, the damage condition and flatness data of several cement pavement in similar environment are fitted and analyzed by using the method of space generation time, and the specific parameters of the model are obtained.
The simplification of aphid terminology.

A report is provided of a workshop at 4th International Symposium on Aphids, where the decision was reached to recommend a major simplification of the terms used in papers on aphid biology, in order to make aphid work more accessible. It was concluded that most of the specialist terms usually applied to aphid morphs anf life cycles could and should be avoided in papers that are intended to be of general interest to other biologists. Specific recommenadations are made for their replacement by terms that are simpler and more widely understood.
Heat Transport and Power Conversion of the Kilopower Reactor Test

Abstract The Kilopower reactors have been designed to provide a steady-state thermal power range between 4 and 40 kW and to convert the heat generated to an electrical output of 1 to 10 kW(electric), providing an overall system efficiency of 25%. This range of thermal and electrical power has been derived from two basic designs: the small 1-kW(electric) design and the larger 10- kW(electric) electric design intended to support science and human exploration missions for surface and in-space power. The Kilowatt Reactor Using Stirling TechnologY (KRUSTY) experiment was built using the 1-kW(electric) Kilopower design to make the test affordable by using existing infrastructure and to complete it in a 3-year timeframe. The data from the smaller, lower-mass system could be extended to the larger 10-kW(electric) system, knowing that the materials and neutronic design are similar. Each of these designs use the same fuel, heat transport systems, and power conversion systems at the appropriate scale to produce the desired electrical output power for mission use. The heat transport system uses multiple heat pipes that operate passively and do not require any electrical pumps or other parasitic loads to cool the reactor core. This type of reactor cooling provides several layers of redundancy and makes it ideal for coupling a self-regulating reactor to a variable-output power conversion system. The power converters accept the reactor heat that has been delivered by the heat pipes and create the needed electrical power through their thermodynamic Stirling cycle and linear alternator. This paper provides details about the sodium heat pipes used in the experiment, the Stirling power converters that create the electricity, and the overall power system that make up the 1-kW(electric) Kilopower reactor.
Analysis of Hsp70 in Litopenaeus vannamei and detection of SNPS

Abstract The Hsp70 gene plays an important role in the animal immune response. In order to analyze the linkage between the genetic polymorphisms of Hsp70 and the virus-resistance trait of the shrimp, we detected SNPs in the coding region of Hsp70 by direct sequencing in 104 specimens of Litopenaeus vannamei from three shrimp populations (one TSV-resistance line and two TSV-susceptibility lines). Five SNPs were found including 661C/A, 712T/C, 782C/T, 892C/T, and 1090C/T in the fragment of Hsp70 (GenBank accession no. AY645906). There were significant difference of the allelic frequency of SNP 892C/T polymorphism between the TSV-resistance population and the two TSV-susceptibility populations (P < 0.001). A TSV-challenged test was performed to divide the shrimps into TSV-resistance group and TSV-susceptibility group. The 892C/T SNP genotypes of each shrimp sample were detected by pyro-sequencing. The allelic frequency of SNP 892C/T were significant difference between TSV-resistance group and TSV-susceptibility group (P < 0.001). The results show that the genetic polymorphisms of Hsp70 are likely associated with virus-resistance trait in populations of L. vannamei.
Understanding Teleost Genome Structure and Organization: Alternative Splicing, Gene Duplication, and Whole Genome Assembly

We conducted both same-species and cross-species analysis utilizing the Genome Mapping and Alignment Program (GMAP) and an AS pipeline (ASpipe) to study AS in four genome-enabled species (Danio rerio, Oryzias latipes, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Takifugu rubripes) and one species lacking a complete genome sequence, Ictalurus punctatus. AS frequency was lowest in the highly duplicated genome of zebrafish (17% of mapped genes). The compact genome of the pufferfish showed the highest occurrence of AS ( 43% of mapped genes). An inverse correlation between AS frequency and genome size was consistent across all analyzed species. Approximately 50% of AS genes identified by same-species comparisons were shared among two or more species. We have analyzed gene duplication patterns and duplication types among the available teleost genomes and found that a large number of genes were tandemly and intrachromosomally duplicated, suggesting their origin of independent and continuous duplication. This is particularly true for the zebrafish genome. Further analysis of the duplicated gene sets indicated that a significant portion of duplicated genes in the zebrafish genome were of recent, lineage-specific duplication events. Most strikingly, a subset of duplicated genes is enriched among the recently duplicated genes involved in immune or sensory response pathways. Because of the rapid improvements in cost and quality of sequencing data, de novo sequencing and assembly is possible not only in large sequencing centers, but also in small labs. This project addressed the Message Passing Interface (MPI) version assembler software, MPI-Velvet. It can process high coverage data sets and quickly reconstruct the underlying sequences.
Non‐pharmacological interventions for challenging behaviours of adults with intellectual disabilities: A meta‐analysis

Abstract Background Non‐pharmacological interventions are recommended for the treatment of challenging behaviours in individuals with intellectual disabilities by clinical guidelines. However, evidence for their effectiveness is ambiguous. The aim of the current meta‐analysis is to update the existing evidence, to investigate long‐term outcome, and to examine whether intervention type, delivery mode, and study design were associated with differences in effectiveness. Method An electronic search was conducted using the databases Medline, Eric, PsychINFO and Cinahl. Studies with experimental or quasi‐experimental designs were included. We performed an overall random‐effect meta‐analysis and subgroup analyses. Results We found a significant moderate overall effect of non‐pharmacological interventions on challenging behaviours (d = 0.573, 95% CI [0.352–0.795]), and this effect appears to be longlasting. Interventions combining mindfulness and behavioural techniques showed to be more effective than other interventions. However, this result should be interpreted with care due to possible overestimation of the subgroup analysis. No differences in effectiveness were found across assessment times, delivery modes or study designs. Conclusions Non‐pharmacological interventions appear to be moderately effective on the short and long term in reducing challenging behaviours in adults with intellectual disabilities.
Prevalence, clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

To determine the prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcomes of HIV and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) co-infection.We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science databases and grey literature for studies reporting epidemiological and clinical data of patients with HIV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection. Eligible studies were all observational or interventional studies and commentaries in English language that reported patient data on HIV/SARS-CoV-2 co-infection. We used random effect meta-analysis to determine the pooled prevalence and mortality.Of the 17 eligible studies, there were 3 retrospective cohorts, 1 survey, 5 case series, 7 case reports and 1 commentary that reported on a total of 146 HIV infected individuals. The pooled prevalence of HIV among individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 1.0% (95% CI: 0.0 – 3.0, I2 = 79.3%, p = 0.01), whereas the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among HIV patients was 0.68% (95% CI: 0.34 – 1.34). There were 110 (83.8%) HIV/ SARS-CoV-2 co-infected males, and the age (range) of the co-infected was 30 – 60 years. A total of 129 (97.0%) were anti-retroviral therapy experienced, and 113 (85.6%) had a suppressed HIV viral load. The CD4 count (range) was 298 – 670 cells/mm3 (n = 107). The commonest symptoms were fever (73.5%, n = 75) and cough (57.8%, n = 59). Sixty-two (65.3%) patients had at least one other comorbid condition, of which hypertension (26.4%, n = 38) was the commonest. Chest radiological imaging abnormalities were found in 46 (54.1%) cases. Twenty-eight cases (56.0%) were reported as mild. Recovery occurred in 120 (88.9%) cases, and the pooled mortality was 9% (95% CI: 3.0 – 15.0, I2 = 25.6%, p = 0.24). The prevalence of HIV/SARS-CoV-2 co-infection was low. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of HIV/SARS-CoV-2 co-infection are comparable to those reported among HIV negative SARS-CoV-2 cases.
Association of Asthma Diagnosis and Medication Use with Fecundability: A Prospective Cohort Study

Purpose Asthma has been positively associated with irregular menses and infertility in some studies, but data are limited on the relation between asthma medication use and fecundability (i.e., average per-cycle probability of conception among non-contracepting couples). This study examines the extent to which a history of asthma, asthma medication use, and age at first asthma diagnosis are associated with fecundability among female pregnancy planners. Participants and Methods Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO) is an ongoing, web-based preconception cohort study of couples aged 21–45 years from North America. Between July 2013 and July 2019, a total of 10,436 participants enrolled in PRESTO, and 8286 were included in the present analysis. At study enrollment, women reported whether they had ever been diagnosed with asthma and, if so, the year they were first diagnosed. Women who reported ever being diagnosed with asthma were asked about medication use, including medication type and frequency of use. Participants completed follow-up questionnaires every 8 weeks for up to 12 months or until pregnancy. Proportional probabilities regression models were used to estimate fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for potential confounders. Fecundability ratios below 1.00 indicate reduced probability of conception. Results There was little association between a history of asthma diagnosis or asthma medication use and fecundability. Compared with no history of asthma, the FR for ever-diagnosis of asthma with medication use was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.91–1.15) and for ever-diagnosis of asthma without medication use was 1.00 (95% CI: 0.91–1.09). Highest intensity asthma medication use (daily plus extra dosing for symptoms), combination inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta-agonist inhaler use, and a first diagnosis of asthma after age 17 years were associated with small reductions in fecundability. Conclusion The present study provides little evidence that asthma or asthma medication use is adversely associated with fecundability.