Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Small Multi-Band Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antennas for Personal Communication Devices

The design of a novel rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) for multi-band application has been presented in this paper. The presented antenna has been composed of very low cost and relatively low dielectric constant substrate materials while three-segment thin dielectrics with different sizes have been used and separated by two metal plates in order to set the four diﬀerent frequency bands. The proposed quad-band antenna operates at 2.4/3.5/5.2 & 5.8 GHz. The radiation pattern, gain and VSWR of this antenna show very good operation for this antenna in all frequency bands. The ﬁrst method based on ﬁnite element method (FEM) and the second one based on ﬁnite integral technique (FIT) have been used to analyze antenna structure, and subsequently the Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been applied by using HFSS simulator to obtain the optimized parameters. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/ijece.v4i1. 4576
Biotechnologies to Bridge the Schism in the Bioeconomy

Schism is the new normal for the bioeconomy concept. Since its proliferation in governments, the concept has been adapted to fit national or regional exigencies. Earlier this century the knowledge-based bioeconomy (KBBE) in Europe was seen as a technical and knowledge fix in the evolving sustainability landscape. At the OECD, the concept was further honed by imagining a future where biotechnologies contribute significantly to economic growth and development. Countries started to make national bioeconomy strategies. Some countries have diverged and made the bioeconomy both much larger and more general, involving a wide variety of sectors, such as industry, energy, healthcare, agriculture, aquaculture, forestry and fishing. Whatever the approach, what seems to be consistent is the need to reconcile environmental, social and economic sustainability. This paper attempts to establish one schism that could have ramifications for the future development of the bioeconomy. Some countries, including some of the largest economies but not exclusively so, are clearly following a biotechnology model, whereas others are clearly not. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, biotechnologies offer outstanding potential in healthcare, although this sector is by no means included in all bioeconomy strategies. The paper also attempts to clarify how biotechnologies can address the grand challenges and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The communities of scientists seem to have no difficulty with this, but citizens and governments find it more difficult. In fact, some biotechnologies are already well established, whereas others are emerging and more controversial.
State‐space representation of the wind flow model in wind farms

A dynamic model for the wind flow in wind farms is developed in this paper. The model is based on the spatial discretization of the linearized Navier–Stokes equation combined with the vortex cylinder theory. The spatial discretization of the model is performed using the finite difference method, which provides the state-space form of the dynamic wind farm model. The model provides an approximation of the behavior of the flow in the wind farm and obtains the wind speed in the vicinity of each wind turbine. Afterwards, the model is validated using measurement data of Energy research Center of the Netherlands’ Wind turbine Test site in Wieringermeer in the Netherlands and by employing the outcomes of two other wind flow models. The end goal of this work is to present the wind farm flow model by ordinary differential equations, to be applied in wind farm control algorithms along with load and power optimizations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intention of Parents to Immunize Children against SARS-CoV-2 in Italy

Several countries have targeted adolescents for immunization against SARS-CoV-2 to mitigate COVID-19 spread. In Italy, immunization for children ≥ 12 years has been available starting from June 2021. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the knowledge, attitude and intention to vaccinate children < 18 years in Italian families. We used a multinomial logistic regression model to investigate factors associated with intention to vaccinate. We collected a total of 1696 responses. Among the 491 families of children ≥ 12 years, 41.2% would not vaccinate their children and 21.2% were uncertain, while among the 1205 families of children < 12 years, 36.1% would not vaccinate and 33.8% were uncertain. Determinants of intention to vaccinate both age groups were perceived safety and efficacy of vaccines and perceived risk of transmitting infection to adults. For children < 12 years, additional determinants were perceived risk of being infected and being hospitalized because of COVID-19. In view of the expanding strategy to vaccinate adolescents and the availability of immunization for children < 12 years, our results call for a communication strategy targeted at families of children focused on the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine in children and on the dynamics of infection spread across different age groups. As perceptions in families are volatile and may change rapidly over time, repeated surveys for measuring attitudes to vaccinate would be advisable.
A COMPLETE REVIEW OF PROCESS ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGY (PAT) Review Article

Process analytical technology (PAT) has been defined as a mechanism to design, analyze, and control pharmaceutical manufacturing processes through the measurement of Critical Process Parameters (CPP) which affect Critical Quality Attributes (CQA). It will encourage the voluntary development and implementation of innovative pharmaceutical development, manufacturing, and quality assurance. Novel analytical techniques, such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Near Infrared (NIR), Raman and Focused Beam Reflectance (FBRM) are popular PAT tools used to understand and control pharmaceutical processes. Main goal of PAT is to provide successful tool such as Partial least square, Principle component analysis, Multivariate T-Squared and EWMA Control Charts, ARIMA Control Charts, Neural Network Classifier, Multivariate Capability Analysis, Design of Experiments. PAT covered four major areas like industrial pharmacy and pharmaceutical engineering, process analytical chemistry, Regulatory reform, manufacturing science.
Processing methodology for the ITS_LIVE Sentinel-1 ice velocity product

Abstract. The NASA MEaSUREs Inter-mission Time Series of Land Ice Velocity and Elevation (ITS_LIVE) project seeks to accelerate understanding of critical glaciers and ice sheet processes by providing researchers with global, low-latency, comprehensive and state-of-the-art records of surface velocities and elevations as observed from space. Here we describe the image-pair ice velocity product and processing methodology for ESA Sentinel-1 radar data. We demonstrate improvements to the core processing algorithm for dense offset tracking, “autoRIFT”, that provides finer resolution and higher accuracy data products with improved computational efficiency when compared to earlier versions. A novel calibration is applied to the data to correct for Sentinel-1A/B subswath- and full swath-dependent geolocation errors caused by systematic issues with the instruments. Sentinel-1’s C-band images are affected by variations in the total electron content of the ionosphere that results in large velocity errors in the azimuth (along-track) direction. To reduce these effects slant-range (line-of-sight or LOS) velocities are used and accompanied by LOS parameters that support map coordinate (x/y) velocity inversion from ascending and descending slant-range offset measurements, as derived from 2 image-pairs. The described product and methods comprise the MEaSUREs ITS_LIVE Sentinel-1 Image-Pair Glacier and Ice Sheet Surface Velocities: Version 2 (https://its-live.jpl.nasa.gov).
Analysis and implementation of an active snubber dc/dc converter with series-parallel connection in primary and secondary sides

An active snubber dc/dc converter to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) on power switch is presented. In the proposed converter, the primary windings of two transformers are connected in series so that the primary currents of the two transformers are equal. The secondary sides of the isolated zeta converters are connected in the parallel to share the load current and reduce the current stresses on the secondary windings of the two transformers. A boost type of active snubber is connected in parallel with the main switch to recycle the energy stored in transformer leakage and magnetizing inductors and to limit voltage stress of the main switch. During the transition interval between the active switch and the auxiliary switch, the resonance based on the resonant inductor and the output capacitor of the power switch will allow the switch to turn on at ZVS. The principle of operation, steady-state analysis and design consideration of the proposed converter are provided. Finally, experimental results for a 360 W (12 V/30 A) prototype circuit with 150 kHz switching frequency were given to demonstrate the circuit performance and verify the feasibility of the proposed converter.
Bistable vibration energy harvesters: A review

Powering electronics without depending on batteries is an open research field. Mechanical vibrations prove to be a reliable energy source, but low-frequency broadband vibrations cannot be harvested effectively using linear oscillators. This article discusses an alternative for harvesting such vibrations, with energy harvesters with two stable configurations. The challenges related to nonlinear dynamics are briefly discussed. Different existing designs of bistable energy harvesters are presented and classified, according to their feasibility for miniaturization. A general dynamic model for those designs is described. Finally, an extensive discussion on quantitative measures of evaluating the effectiveness of energy harvesters is accomplished, resulting in the proposition of a new dimensionless metric suited for a broadband analysis.
Asynchronous analogue-to-digital converter for single-electron circuits

An analogue-to-digital conversion scheme based on the e-periodic transfer characteristics of an SET inverter is proposed. The authors demonstrate the 4 bit analogue-to-digital converter performance using Monte-Carlo simulation in which an SET inverter implements a binary quantiser and encoder for one significant bit. This scheme can be easily extended to higher order bits.
Design and Administration of Accelerated Vehicle Retirement Programs in North America and Abroad

Several countries, states, and local agencies have debated and many have adopted voluntary accelerated vehicle retirement (VAVR) programs. The basic premise behind a VAVR program is to reduce emissions by taking an older, more polluting vehicle off the road before its owner would otherwise scrap it. A descriptive overview of the components of past and current VAVR programs in the United States and Canada is provided, with some comparisons with programs abroad. VAVR programs in North America fall into two broad categories—programs that generate “mobile source emission-reduction credits” that can be used to comply with other air quality regulations, and programs in which emission reductions are “used” only to help meet air quality standards. Incentives in the U.S. programs range from $400 to $1,000. The programs include a variety of criteria, including ownership and operability standards, to help ensure that emission reductions are real.
Power system operation with large-scale wind power in liberalised environments

Our society revolves around electricity. Most electricity is produced from fossil fuels, such as coal and natural gas. The disadvantages are that their supply is finite and unevenly distributed across the earth. Conventional power stations also emit greenhouse gases. Therefore, sustainable alternativees must be developed, such as wind power. The disadvantages of wind are that it may or may not blow and that it is unpredictable. Th generation of electricity must however always equal the consumption. This makes the integration of wind power in the electricity system more difficult. This Ph.D.-theis investigates the integration of wind power into the existing power system. Simulation models are developed and used to explore the operation of power systems with a lot of wind power. The simulations provide a picture of the reliability, cost and emission of CO2 of the generation of electricity, with and without wind power. The research also takes into account electricity exchange on international markets. Possible solutions for integrating wind power, such as flexible power plants and energy storage, are investigated as well.
Multimodal transportation risk in Gulf of Finland Region

Globalisation has resulted in larger volumes of foreign trade, especially in maritime transportation. No studies exist on how the maritime volumes could be handled, if the operational environment changes unexpectedly. The objective of this paper is to identify possible risks in transportation routes that use seaports in the Gulf of Finland and to evaluate the functionality of the transportation system under selected risk scenarios. Four system dynamics simulation experiments reveal that the impact of a spillage depends on concentration of resources and cargo types carried and highlight the importance of international cooperation.
Evaluation of a radial flux air-cored permanent magnet machine drive with manual transmission drivetrain for electric vehicles

Due to finite oil resources and its political and economical impact, a renewed interest in energy independence has compelled industry and government to pursue electric vehicle designs. The current worldwide research that is being conducted on drivetrain topologies for EVs, focus mainly on direct in-wheel drive, direct differential drive and fixed-gear differential drive topologies. Furthermore, the control strategy for these type of motor drives require a, so called, field-weakening operation in order to achieve acceptable performance characteristics for the vehicle. This thesis evaluates the use of a manual gearbox drivetrain topology and a radial flux air-cored permanent magnet (RFAPM) synchronous machine, without flux-weakening operation, as a traction drive application for EVs. For the purpose of this research study, a 2006 model Opel Corsa Lite is converted to a battery electric vehicle, and the Corsa is renamed to the E-Corsa. The Corsa is converted so that all the original functionality, boot space and space inside the vehicle are retained. The original 5-speed manual gearbox is used as drivetrain for the vehicle and a 40 kW, 70 Nm RFAPM traction drive is developed for the manual gearbox. A power electronic converter is designed for RFAPM traction drive and a Lithium ion (Li-ion) battery pack is used as energy source for the traction drive. The battery pack is mounted partially in the front and partially in the back of the vehicle to maintain an even weight distribution in the vehicle.
Predicting EFL Learners’ Susceptibility to Various Disfluency Types Based on Gender and Age

The aim of the current study is to investigate the relationship of production of speech disfluencies in EFL learners based on gender and age through regression modeling. Gender and age have been examined to influence the production of disfluencies in both native and nonnative speakers so it’s an important issue since fluency and disfluency are crucial aspects of language learning, however, the influence of age and gender on disfluency remains a controversial issue with studies often producing conflicting results with one another. Methods. This study took a new approach to this subject as we produced regression models which can predict the likelihood of production of each disfluency type based on speakers’ age and gender. In order to do this 40 Iranian advanced EFL learners (20 male, 20 female) in four age groups (youth 19–24, young adults 25–30, adults 31–44, and older adults 45+) took part in the study. Later semi-structured interviews with a variety of questions regarding different topics were conducted and participants’ responses were first recorded and then transcribed. The frequency of occurrence of each disfluency type in participants’ speech samples formed our data. This data was then used for our regression analysis. Results. Our findings indicated that, while filled pauses are the most frequently produced disfluency in both genders and all age groups, female speakers are more likely to produce hesitations in their speech compared to male speakers. We also found out that, older adults are less likely to produce filled pauses in their speech compared to younger speakers. With Further analyses, we also investigated the likelihood of producing certain disfluency types over other ones based on age and gender and how this may help instructors. Conclusions. Based on our findings, it can be concluded that all six types of disfluencies are produced by the Iranian EFL learners. Also, we found that, filled pauses, hesitations, and repetitions are by far the most frequently produced disfluency types by Iranian EFL learners, respectively.
“I Thought My Idea to Use Your Idea Was a Great Idea”: Inadvertent Plagiarism in Marketing

Abstract Cryptomnesia (i.e., inadvertent plagiarism) occurs when an individual believes that an idea from an external source is their own unique creation, and this can negatively impact marketers involved with creative activities. While several factors can influence whether an individual attends to the source of an idea during encoding and memory retrieval, cryptomnesia has been surprisingly overlooked within an advertising context. The purpose of this research note is to introduce the concept of cryptomnesia to advertising, explore cultural distance as a previously untested antecedent, and examine the effect of cryptomnesia on consumer evaluations. We conduct three experiments that provide evidence for how greater cultural distance is associated with increased cryptomnesia in advertising—although being in a flow state can attenuate this effect—resulting in decreased consumer attitudes, cognitions, and behavioral intentions.
Seen and Heard: Learning from Young People's Experiences Sharing Power in Faith Communities

Faith communities have been shown to provide a sense of belonging and community while also providing a rich environment for youth to engage and grow as leaders. Yet, few current studies have explored faith communities as spaces for sharing power and sustained youth leadership development. Using a thematic analysis approach, this qualitative study of 222 participants across Jewish, Muslim, and Christian faith communities aimed to explore the role of developmental relationships in young people's lives and their faith and spiritual development. Through the analyses, multiple and varied examples of sharing power emerged, leading us to investigate more fully the roles of leadership, engagement, and participation in young people's experiences in their faith communities. Findings demonstrated that faith communities can provide welcoming, engaging spaces for youth to have voice and develop as leaders. Youth across faith communities experienced authentic opportunities to build and apply leadership skills. These experiences led to positive youth outcomes, including increased confidence, building relational skills, feelings of belonging, and greater engagement. Findings from this study can inform youth development programs more broadly by illuminating concrete ways adults and youth can share power, leading to young people’s sense of engagement and belonging.
Bottom-Gate TFTs With Channel Layer Deposited by Pulsed PECVD

Nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) is a promising material for ThinFilm Transistors (TFTs) offering potentially higher mobilities and improved stability over hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). The slow growth rate of nc-Si:H can be overcome by using pulsed Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD). Pulsed PECVD also reduces powder particle formation in the plasma and provides added degrees of freedom for process optimization. Unlike high frequency PECVD, pulsed PECVD can be scaled to deposit films over large areas with no reduction in performance. For this thesis, silicon thin films were deposited by the pulsed PECVD technique at a temperature of 150 C and TFTs were made using this material. Radio Frequency (RF) power and silane (SiH4) flow rate were varied in order to study the effect of different levels of crystallinity on the film. Raman spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), electrical conductivity, Hall mobility, optical band gap, and stability under light-soaking were measured using films of two different thicknesses, 50 nm and 300 nm. From the Raman data we see that the 50 nm films deposited with high hydrogen dilution are mostly amorphous, indicating the presence of a thick incubation layer. The 300 nm samples deposited with hydrogen dilution, on the other hand, showed very high crystallinity and conductivity, except for 300-2 which was surprisingly, mostly amorphous. AFM and XRD measurements were also performed to confirm the Raman data and get an estimate for the crystallite grain size in the 300 nm samples. The conductivity was measured for all films, and the Hall mobility and carrier concentration was measured for one of the 300 nm films. The thin samples which
Nordic Europe

This chapter examines religious change in the five Nordic countries: Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, and Iceland. Immigration came later to these countries than in many other parts of Europe, but it has transformed Sweden, Norway, and Denmark into relatively diverse societies; Finland and Iceland remain more homogeneous. In spite of these differences, the religious outlook is changing right across the Nordic countries with a decline in membership in the majority churches, falling indices of religious belief and practice in most of them, growing numbers of people who place themselves outside the faith communities, and multiplying forms of spirituality that lie beyond religious institutions altogether. The chapter addresses the implications that these changes have for religion and state relations, and the role of religion in politics, the media, and civil society.
Teaching Software Engineering using Abstraction through Modeling

Teaching software engineering (SWE) as a core computer science course (ACM, 2013) is a challenging task. The challenge lies in the emphasis on what a large-scale software means, implementing teamwork, and teaching abstraction in software design while simultaneously engaging students into reasonable coding tasks. The abstraction of the system design is perhaps the most critical and theoretical part of the course and requires early engagement of the students with the necessary topics followed by implementation of the abstract model consistently. Normally, students would take such courses in the undergraduate curriculum sequence after data structures and/or object-oriented design/programming. Therefore, they would be able to learn about systematic modeling of software as a system. In this work, we address how to facilitate the teaching of SWE by introducing abstract modeling. Furthermore, functional decomposition is reviewed as a critical component which in turn, requires understanding of how different tasks are accomplished by enterprise software. Combining such pieces with concepts of architecture and design patterns of software provides foundational knowledge for students to be able to navigate around enterprise software in the real world.