Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FIXED POINT THEOREMS IN S-METRIC SPACES

In this paper, the notion of S -metric spaces will be introduced. We present some ﬁxed point theorems for two maps on complete S -metric spaces and an illustrative example is given for the single-valued case. By using the similar method as in [4], a common ﬁxed point theorem for two single-valued mappings is obtained in S -metric spaces.
COMPACT RIEMANNIAN 7-MANIFOLDS WITH HOLONOMY G2. I

The list of possible holonomy groups of Riemannian manifolds given by Berger [3] includes three intriguing special cases, the holonomy groups G2, Spin(7) and Spin(9) in dimensions 7, 8 and 16 respectively. Subsequently [1] it was shown that Spin(9) does not occur as a nonsymmetric holonomy group, but Bryant [5] showed that both G2 and Spin(7) do occur as non-symmetric holonomy groups. Bryant's proof is a local one, in that it proves the existence of many metrics of holonomy G2 and Spin(7) on small balls in R 7 and R respectively. He also gives some explicit examples of such metrics. In a subsequent paper [6], Bryant and Salamon construct complete metrics of holonomy G2. This is the first of two papers in which we shall construct examples of compact riemannian 7-manifolds with holonomy G2. These are, to our knowledge, the first such examples known. We believe that they are the first nontrivial examples of odd-dimensional, compact, Ricciflat riemannian manifolds. The author has also used similar methods to construct compact 8-manifolds with holonomy Spin(7), [12]. The goal of this first paper is to study a single example in depth. We shall describe a certain simply-connected, compact 7-manifold M, and construct a family of metrics on it with holonomy G2. The 7-manifold M was chosen because it is the simplest example that we know of. The content of the paper is mostly introductory material, and proofs using a lot of analysis. The second paper will describe many different compact 7-manifolds admitting metrics of holonomy G2, and will have a more topological emphasis. It will also contain much more discussion of the results, and some interesting questions.
The Psychological Well-Being and Expectations of Officers Supervising People with Serious Mental Illness

People with serious mental illness (SMI) are significantly overrepresented in the criminal justice system and often experience worse outcomes in the form of being rearrested for new offenses and probation/parole violations. Addressing the needs of supervisees with SMI can create unique challenges for probation and parole officers (PPOs), which in turn, may increase job related stress and impact PPOs’ mental health. However, few studies examine the stress and mental health consequences of supervising people with SMI, and how these consequences influence officers’ attitudes toward clients. Using survey and administrative data from 793 PPOs, this study assesses whether the number of supervisees with SMI on PPOs’ caseloads is associated with increased depressive symptomatology and if work stress explains this relationship. This investigation also assesses whether role conflict and role overload contribute to work stress among PPOs supervising people with SMI. Finally, this study examines the influence of PPOs’ well-being on their expectations for the success of supervisees, based on officers’ perceptions on the likelihood of supervisees with SMI committing new offenses or technical violations. This research draws from Stress Process research to better understand how supervising people with SMI relates to work stress, role conflict and overload, and mental health. Drawing from research on the Cognitive Model of Depression, this study also examines whether the relationship between supervising people with SMI and officers’ expectations of supervisee success is conditioned by officers’ mental health. INDEX WORDS: Community supervision, Probation/Parole officers, Mental health, Work stress, Role conflict, Role overload, Stress process, Cognitive model of depression COMMUNITY SUPERVISION AND MENTAL HEALTH: THE PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING AND EXPECTATIONS OF OFFICERS SUPERVISING PEOPLE WITH SERIOUS MENTAL ILLNESS
The Effect of Coherent Collective Consciousness on National Quality of Life and Economic Performance Indicators—An Analysis of the IMD Index of National Competitive Advantage

The scores of New Zealand and Norway on the IMD Index of National Competitive Advantage increased significantly when they passed the predicted coherence group threshold in 1993 (1% of a population practicing the Transcendental Meditation program or the √1% practicing the advanced TM-Sidhi program in a group) when compared to 44 other developed nations as shown by cross-country panel regression analysis robust to serially correlated errors, heteroskedasticity, and contemporaneous correlation of residuals (p < 0.000000000000003). Subsidiary analysis and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) data confirmed that the changes were unusually broad-based (p <.000000065), sustained, and balanced in nature with five years of high growth, low unemployment, and low inflation. Taken as a whole, the findings suggest a prescription for balanced and sustained growth based on a method to enhance quality of life and innovation among the population.
Sampo Vesa and Tapio Lokki. 2005. An eyes-free user interface controlled by finger snaps. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Digital Audio Effects

A novel way of controlling a simple user interface based on detecting and localizing finger snaps of the user is presented. The analysis method uses binaural signals recorded from the ears of the user. Transient sounds are first detected from a continuous audio stream, followed by cross-correlation based localization and simple band-energy ratio based classification. The azimuth plane around the user is divided into three sectors, each of which corresponds to one of the three “buttons” in the interface. As an example, the interface is applied for controlling the playlist of an MP3 player. The algorithm performance was evaluated using a real-world recording. While the algorithm looks promising, more research is needed before it is ready for commercial applications.
Computational Immunology for the Defense of Large Scale Systems

Abstract : This report describes the application of the computational immunology approach to a distributed object systems. The hypothesis tested was that one could characterize normal behavior of the application itself in terms of inter-object messages, and use that characterization to successfully detect rogue client attacks on the application. The goals of the research were to test and demonstrate the feasibility of intrusion detection at the application level in distributed object systems. In particular, we worked with applications built on the Common Object Resource Broker Architecture (CORBA). The report shows that the computational immunology approach reliably detects attacks on the Domain Name Server that seriously disrupt Internet service. The report analyzes the components required for a definition of "self" that is applicable to computer programs. The report also conducts experiments that show that a straightforward definition of "self" can detect rogue client attacks on CORBA systems. The project resulted in building a prototype system to aid in the analysis of experimental data and helped generate descriptions of normal application behavior. The prototype intrusion detection system for CORBA can be used with a broad class of definitions of "self".
Bitter Harvest: Systematically Fingerprinting Low- and Medium-interaction Honeypots at Internet Scale

The current generation of lowand medium interaction honeypots uses off-the-shelf libraries to provide the transport layer. We show that this architecture is fatally flawed because the protocols are implemented subtly differently from the systems being impersonated. We present a generic technique for systematically fingerprinting lowand medium interaction honeypots at Internet scale with just one packet and an ERR (Equal Error Rate) of 0.0183. We conduct Internet-wide scans and identify 7 605 honeypot instances across nine different honeypot implementations for the most important network protocols SSH, Telnet, and HTTP. For SSH honeypots we also determined their patch level and find that they are poorly maintained – 27% of the honeypots have not been updated within the last 31 months and only 39% incorporate improvements from 7 months ago. We believe our findings to be a ‘class break’ in that trivial patches cannot address the issue.
Identification of Phenolic Compounds by LC / MSMS and Antioxidant and Anti Tyrosinase Activities of the Attalea speciosa Mart . ex Spreng . Mesocarp

This paper describes the antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activity and chemical composition of the mesocarp of Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng fruits (babassu, family Arecaceae). The total phenolic content determined with the FolinCiocalteu reagent was higher in the ethyl acetate fraction, hydroalcoholic fraction and hydroalcoholic extract. Antioxidant activity was assayed by the in vitro DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The highest antioxidant activity was observed for the ethyl acetate fraction which also has showed the highest levels of proanthocyanidins in the vanillinHCl assay, which may be related to its greater inhibitory activity of mushroom tyrosinase. Analysis by HPLC-MS/MS has revealed the presence of nine compounds identified as (epi)catechin monomers and their oligomers. The presence of these compounds, which were identified for the first time in babassu mesocarp, is possibly related to the antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activity of this palm tree.
The South African estuarine specialist Codium tenue (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) discovered in a south-western Australian estuary

Abstract Codium tenue, previously known reliably only from estuarine habitats in South Africa, is recorded from a similar habitat in the Walpole and Nornalup Inlet system, on the south coast of Western Australia. The Australian C. tenue has a repeatedly divaricately dichotomously branched thallus to 11.5 cm in height, with markedly compressed axes up to 1 cm in width at branch dichotomies, but distally attenuating to terete branch apices. Structurally, thalli have cortices with distinctive cuneate utricles up to 1310 μm long and 650 μm in diameter. Both the habit and structural morphology essentially agree with C. tenue as known in South Africa. Sequences generated from the Australian specimens are also wholly comparable with those of South African specimens newly generated in this study. While similarly disjunct South African/Western Australian distributions are known for other algae, that of C. tenue is particularly remarkable in that the species is apparently an estuarine specialist.
Paying with Self-Chosen Goals: Incentives and Gender Differences

Abstract: To boost employees’ performance, firms often offer monetary bonuses when production goals are reached. However, the evidence suggests that the particular level of a goal is critical to the effectiveness of this practice. Goals must be challenging yet achievable. Computing optimal goals when employees have private information about their own abilities is often not feasible for the firm. To solve this problem, we propose a compensation scheme in which workers set their own production goals. We provide a simple model of self-chosen goals and test its predictions in the laboratory. The evidence we find in the laboratory confirms our model’s predictions for men, but not for women. Men exert greater effort under the self-chosen goal contract system than under a piece rate contract. In contrast, women perform worse under the self-chosen goal contract. Further analysis suggests that this is because women fail to set goals that are challenging enough, because they are less likely to update their goals to take into account their improving performance as they repeat the task.
AN ENHANCED BLOCK BASED EDGE DETECTION TECHNIQUE USING HYSTERESIS THRESHOLDING

Edge detection is a crucial step in various image processing systems like computer vision , pattern recognition and feature extraction. The Canny edge detection algorithm even though exhibits high accuracy, is computationally more complex compared to other edge detection techniques. A block based distributed edge detection technique is presented in this paper, which adaptively finds the thresholds for edge detection depending on block type and the distribution of gradients in each block. A novel method of computation of high threshold has been proposed in this paper. Block-based hysteresis thresholds are computed using a non uniform gradient magnitude histogram. The algorithm exhibits remarkably high edge detection accuracy, scalability and significantly reduced computational time. Pratt’s Figure of Merit quantifies the accuracy of the edge detector, which showed better values than that of original Canny and distributed Canny edge detector for benchmark dataset. The method detected all visually prominent edges for diverse block size.
Designing Daily Patrol Routes for Policing Based on ANT Colony Algorithm

In this paper, we address the problem of planning police patrol routes to regularly cover street segments of high crime density (hotspots) with limited police forces. A good patrolling strategy is required to minimise the average time lag between two consecutive visits to hotspots, as well as coordinating multiple patrollers and imparting unpredictability in patrol routes. Previous studies have designed different police patrol strategies for routing police patrol, but these strategies have difficulty in generalising to real patrolling and meeting various requirements. In this research we develop a new police patrolling strategy based on Bayesian method and ant colony algorithm. In this strategy, virtual marker (pheromone) is laid to mark the visiting history of each crime hotspot, and patrollers continuously decide which hotspot to patrol next based on pheromone level and other variables. Simulation results using real data testifies the effective, scalable, unpredictable and extensible nature of this strategy.
Finance and inequality: The case of India

Although theory emphasizes the role of financial market frictions in explaining income inequality, there is little empirical research exploring how financial development and financial sector reforms influence the evolution of income inequality. This article examines how finance impacts income inequality in India using annual time series data for over half a century. The results indicate that while financial development helps reduce income inequality, financial liberalization seems to exacerbate it. The results are robust to the use of different measures for financial development and financial liberalization.
Discursive Constructions of Culture: Semantic Modelling for Historical Travel Guides

Besides introducing the Baedeker Corpus, a digital collection of early German travel guides on non-European countries, key topics addressed in this paper are linguistic and in particular semantic annotation, domain-specific taxonomy building, corpus enrichment by embedding of external resources, and some good reasons why advanced textual studies on this genre are of interest. Early Baedeker handbooks are valuable rarities today because only a small number of copies escaped from frequent maltreatment of being cut up to save luggage weight on local trips. Those having endured give us a vivid impression of cultural narratives from the turn of the 19th century, and they tell more than one story. The presented project approaches this complex issue focusing on data development in general and the leading actors in the travel guides, people and notable sights in particular. Considering widely recognized standards for scholarly editing and relying on pan-European infrastructures to enhance data interchange and reusability, the aim is to make a well-equipped and freely accessible language resource available, which is meant to foster cross-disciplinary research on cultural representation and identity constructing discourses.
Theory and evidence in internal labor markets

A number of branches of the literature on internal labor markets have matured to the point that there is now a healthy two-way interaction between theory and empirical work. In this survey I consider two of these branches: i) wage and promotion dynamics; and ii) human-resource practices. For each case I describe the empirical and theoretical literatures and also discuss what we can learn by paying careful attention to how theoretical and empirical findings are related. In addition to surveying the literatures on these two topics, my goal is to show how a deeper understanding of internal-labor-market phenomena can be derived from a close partnering of empirical and theoretical research.
Discriminative Motif Analysis for Time Series Classification

Time series classification is one of the major works in data mining community. Classification generally works on original real-valued time series or transformed time series. The main issue of time series classification is computational complexity handling with massive amount of time series. In this work, time series are classified using motifs as feature vectors. Variable length motifs are discovered on symbolic representation with our proposed positional inverted index. We further investigated on the candidate motifs with Information Gain (IG) measure for its discriminative features. Then, the classification accuracy of motifs with and without its discriminative features on UCR benchmark datasets are analyzed. As experimental evaluation, motif with its discriminative features achieved on 7 out of 11 datasets. Keyword Motif discovery, Time series classification, Symbolic representation
POST-HOSPITALIZATION HOSPICE CARE SETTINGS

Results: Hispanic patients were more likely to be discharged to home rather than a facilitybased hospice (OR 1.39). Single patients and divorced patients were less likely to be discharged to a home-based hospice setting (OR .79, .67). Older patients were more likely to be discharged to a facility-based hospice (OR .91). The presence of anemia, paralysis, neurological disorders and weight loss were negatively associated with home discharge (OR 1.51). Patients with higher charges were less likely to be discharged to home (OR .96).
Estimating odds ratios under a case-background design with an application to a study of Sorafenib accessibility

In certain epidemiologic studies such as those involving stress disorders, sexual harassment, alcohol addiction or epidemiological criminology, exposure data are readily available from cases but not from controls because it is socially inconvenient or even unethical to determine who qualifies as a true control subject. Consequently, it is impractical or even infeasible to use a case-control design to establish the case-exposure association in such situations. To address this issue, we propose a case-background design where in addition to a sample of exposure information from cases, an independent sample of exposure information from the background population is taken, without knowing the case status of the sampled subjects. We develop a semiparametric method to estimate the odds ratio and show that the estimator is strongly consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. Simulation studies indicate that the estimators perform satisfactorily in finite samples and against violations of assumptions. The proposed method is applied to a Sorafenib accessibility study of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
Spectral isolation of bi-invariant metrics on compact Lie groups

We show that a bi-invariant metric on a compact connected Lie group $G$ is spectrally isolated within the class of left-invariant metrics. In fact, we prove that given a bi-invariant metric $g_0$ on $G$ there is a positive integer $N$ such that, within a neighborhood of $g_0$ in the class of left-invariant metrics of at most the same volume, $g_0$ is uniquely determined by the first $N$ distinct non-zero eigenvalues of its Laplacian (ignoring multiplicities). In the case where $G$ is simple, $N$ can be chosen to be two.
Characterization, optical properties and electron(exciton)-phonon interaction in bulk In2Se3 crystals and InSe nanocrystals in In2nSe3 confinement.

Complex electron-microscopic, energy-dispersed and wide-temperature optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) investigations are carried out into Bridgeman-grown layered In2Se3 crystals. It is shown that In2Se3 crystals as a whole have a homogeneous concentration of In and Se atoms, corresponding with In2Se3 stoichiometry. Nevertheless, In2Se3 crystals contain a significant amount of dislocations, on which nano-sized interspersions of crystal phases of pure InSe, In6Se7 and monoclinic red Se settle down. Optical wide-temperature investigations of In2Se3 allow us to do the following: establish the width of the band-gap, the exciton binding energy; determine the frequency of a half-layer A-phonon, which takes part in electron (exciton)-phonon interaction; and to evaluate the effective masses of carriers and the dielectric permeability. Finally, blue shift of the band-gap and character of the electron (exciton)-phonon interaction of nano-sized 3D InSe crystals confined in an In2Se3 crystal matrix; influence of an InSe nanocrystal radius and of an ensemble of 3D InSe nanocrystals with different radii for an increase of the exciton emission/absorption half-width line with temperature and radii of InSe nanocrystals are discussed.
Socio-Demographic Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight in Nepal Using Imputation of Missing Determinants

Birth weight is considered a factor that determines a baby’s survival and predicts longstanding health. Hence, proper estimation of prevalence and determinants that are associated with low birth weight (LBW) is necessary for reduction of LBW. However, data on birth weight from developing countries are usually incomplete. Therefore, this study is aimed at handling missing values on determinants and identification of factors associated with LBW. The child data set from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), 2011 was applied in this study. It contained information on 5240 children, but 3318 children had missing values on birth weight. Hence, in this study 1922 infants with measured birth weight were analysed. Multiple imputation was applied to handle missing values on determinants. The results revealed that only one variable was significant with LBW. Mothers residing in the Eastern and Far-Western development region were more inclined to give birth to LBW. The results obtained after handling missing values is considered less biased than assuming non-missing values or ignoring missing values. This suggests that missing values on determinants should be handled rather than ignored or assumed to be non-missing.
Naringenin Inhibits Oxidative Stress Induced Macromolecular Damage in N-methyl N-nitro N-nitrosoguanidine Induced Gastric Carcinogenesis in Wistar Rats

Neoplasia of the stomach represents the second most recurrent cause of cancer mortality in the world [1]. Despite major efforts, the number of deaths from gastric cancer has not de‐ creased in recent years. There have also been major efforts to better understand the mecha‐ nisms responsible for oncogenesis and a number of animal models of have been developed to study the correlates of gastric carcinoma in recent years [2, 3]. Among these, the 1-meth‐ yl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) model has proven to be very useful. Evidences sug‐ gest that MNNG administration results in oncogenesis as a result of increased free radical synthesis in the gastric mucosa [4, 5]. DNA damage induced by oxidative stress and/or defi‐ cient DNA-repair is reported to have an etiological or prognostic role in cancer [4].