Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DIFFERENCES IN THE METHANE CONTENTS IN THE COALBED METHANE ENRICHMENT REGION OF THE SOUTHERN QINSHUI BASIN, CHINA

The enrichment irregularity of coalbed methane has been a problem for exploration and development. Great differences exist in methane enrichment even between different wells within a region. To study the main factors and reasons controlling these differences, we selected a relatively mature development block within a coalbed methane enrichment region of the Southern Qinshui Basin, China. Using individual well data, 3D seismic data, and methane content data and considering the coalbed methane (CBM) reservoir as a closed system, we analysed the enrichment irregularity of CBM in coalbed 3# and the various geologic factors influencing the enrichment.The results show that the CBM reservoir formation resulted from an interaction of various geologic factors, the evolution process is irreversible, and all of these factors are subject to certain internal relationships. The enrichment is controlled by several factors, such as tectonic development, formation pressure, coalbed structure, properties of roof strata, and hydrogeological conditions. Among these, formation pressure and coalbed structure are the most likely factors to cause differences in methane contents. Burial depth affects formation pressure, which consequently affects the saturation level of CBM in its adsorption state. Moreover, the coalbed structure determines the development of the reservoir space.Larger reservoir space and higher coalbed pressure are more favourable for CBM enrichment and the best enrichment region appears where both factors correlate well,this is particularly obvious in synclinal areas. Furthermore, tectonic development controls the overall form of CBM reservoirs, fault development reduces methane content and the mudstone cap provides a trap condition for CBM accumulation.
Beam Decoherence due to Combination of Wake Force and Nonlinearity in SPring-8 Storage Ring

* Permanent address: The Japan Research Institute, Ltd., 3-10-19 Minamisemba, Chuo-ku, Osaka 542-0081, Japan Abstract To understand particle behavior from a beam injection state to equilibrium state determined by radiation effects, we have performed a simple experiment to observe the beam decoherence, i.e., temporal variation of the damping of beam coherent motion generated by a single horizontal kicker. We found that the beam decoherence much depends on chromaticities, the sign of amplitudedependent tune shift and beam current. This suggests that short-range wake force and nonlinearity of ring parameters play important roles in the observed phenomena. Simulations with transverse wake fields show good agreements with the measurements.
An Economic Model for Charitable Donations

This paper examines the effect of message characteristics on donation behavior using an economic model of giving behavior. The utility for giving can come from one’s own contribution and possibly from the combined contributions of others. Donors are assumed to be constrained utility maximizers, and the message attributes affect the degree to which they react altruistically or egoistically. The model is estimated with data from an incentivealigned study of South Korean consumers, and implications for message optimization and donor targeting are explored.
Export-Led Growth Hypothesis: Evidence from Cote D'Ivoire

This paper re-examine the export-led growth hypothesis for Cote d’Ivoire using the Bounds test analysis: unrestricted error correction model (UECM) for the period 1980-2007. Based on the model, exports, labor force and economic liberalization policies have stimulated economic growth, whereas, imports and exchange rate negatively impacted on economic growth. The results indicate that there exists a long-term relationship between economic growth and its determinants in our model. In addition, the VAR Granger/Block-exogeneity Wald tests reveal an evidence of bi-directional causality between exports and economic growth. Thus findings have important messages for policy makers given that export sector dominance in Cote d’Ivoire economy.
Scattered Field Computation with an Extended FETI-DPEM2 Method

Due to the increasing number of applications in engineering design and optimization, more and more attention has been paid to full-wave simulations based on computational electromagnetics. In particular, the flnite-element method (FEM) is well suited for problems involving inhomogeneous and arbitrary shaped objects. Unfortunately, solving large-scale electromagnetic problems with FEM may be time consuming. A numerical scheme, called the dual-primal flnite element tearing and interconnecting method (FETI-DPEM2), distinguishes itself through the partioning on the computation domain into non-overlapping subdomains where incomplete solutions of the electrical fleld are evaluated independently. Next, all the subdomains are \glued" together using a modifled Robin-type transmission condition along each common internal interface, apart from the corner points where a simple Neumann-type boundary condition is imposed. We propose an extension of the FETI-DPEM2 method where we impose a Robin type boundary conditions at each interface point, even at the corner points. We have implemented this Extended FETI- DPEM2 method in a bidimensional conflguration while computing the fleld scattered by a set of heterogeneous, eventually anistropic, scatterers. The results presented here will assert the e-ciency of the proposed method with respect to the classical FETI-DPEM2 method, whatever the mesh partition is arbitrary deflned.
A program on disk superalloy was initiated by SNECMA in 1984, in order to develop a new high strength material for compressor and turbine disks in modern aeroengines

The preliminary industrial development of a PM superalloy designated N18 for disc applications has been completed. This alloy is shown to exhibit good overall mechanical properties achieved after appropriate processing of the material. These properties have been determined both on isothermally forged and extruded billets as well as on specimens cut from actual parts. The temperature capability of the alloy is about 700°C for long-term applications and approximately 750°C for short-term use because of microstructural instability. Further improvements in the creep and crack propagation properties, without significant reduction in tensile strength, are possible through appropriate thermomechanical processing that results in a large controlled grain size. Spin pit tests on subscale disks have confirmed that the N18 alloy has a higher resistance than the PM Astroloy and is therefore an excellent alloy for modern turbine disk applications. Superalloys 1992 Edited by S.D. Antolovich, R.W. Stusrud, R.A. MacKay, D.L. Anton, T. Khan, R.D. Kissinger, D.L. Klarstrom The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1992
Preventing Graphene Sheets from Restacking for High-Capacitance Performance

Aiming at preventing restacking of individual graphene sheets by using a simple green hydrothermal route, we have introduced carbon nanotubes to act as the spacer in fabricating a three-dimensional (3-D) hierarchical structure with graphene sheets. These 3-D hierarchical structure materials have been used to fabricate supercapacitor devices, and a high specific capacitance of 318 F/g for graphene with an energy density of 11.1 (W h)/kg has been achieved.
Can Managerial Discretion Explain Observed Leverage Ratios?

This article analyzes the impact of managerial discretion and corporate control mechanisms on leverage and firm value within a contingent claims model where the manager derives perquisites from investment. Optimal capital structure reflects both the tax advantage of debt less bankruptcy costs and the agency costs of managerial discretion. Actual capital structure reflects the trade-off made by the manager between his empire-building desires and the need to ensure sufficient efficiency to prevent control challenges. The model shows that manager-shareholder conflicts can explain the low debt levels observed in practice. It also examines the impact of these conflicts on the cross-sectional variation in capital structures. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.
The multivariate multisample nonparametric rank statistics for the location alternatives

Multisample testing problems are among the most important topics in nonparametric statistics. Various nonparametric tests have been proposed for multisample testing problems involving location parameters, and the analysis of multivariate data is important in many scientific fields. One type of multivariate multisample testing problem based on Jureckova-Kalina-type rank of distance is discussed in this paper. A multivariate Kruskal-Wallis-type statistic is proposed for testing the location parameter with both equal and unequal sample sizes. Simulations are used to compare the power of proposed nonparametric statistics with the Wilks' lambda, the Pillai's trace and the Lawley-Hotelling trace for various population distributions.
BIOCENOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE MACROZOOBENTHOS IN THE NORTHERN PART OF THE BULGARIAN BLACK SEA COAST IN DEPTHS UP TO 30 M

PETROVA, E. and S. STOYKOV, 2013. Biocenological investigations of the macrozoobenthos in the northern part of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast in depths up to 30 m. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., Supplement 1: 16–20 The nearby coastal area is mostly infl uenced by anthropogenic pollution. The main reason is closeness of the land and the river fl ows. The biggest polluter of our coast is the River of Danube, by which contaminants enter from Central Europe. Biocenological investigations of the macrozoobenthos in the northern part of the Bulgarian Black sea coast are based on 30 samples taken by determinate scheme in different type of sediment: stony, sand, mud and mixed. It was carried out taxonomic identifi cation of the zoobenthic species, determined the dynamics of the quantitative parameters; statistical analyzes were used to assess the ecological status.
Microsimulation Evaluation of Eurocode Load Model for American Long-Span Bridges

The ability to accurately predict traffic loading is essential for cost-effective bridge maintenance and repair programs. The traffic load model currently used in the United States for the design of long-span bridges was developed over three decades ago. In the meantime, vehicle characteristics and traffic patterns have changed. The Eurocode for traffic loading is more recent, but was calibrated only for bridges up to 200 m long. In this work, weigh-in-motion traffic records from 11 different sites across Alabama are used to establish congested traffic loading. Traffic microsimulation is used to generate congestion based on real traffic data. Influence lines for two typical long-span bridges, one cable-stayed bridge, and one suspension bridge are determined using finite-element models. These are used in the microsimulation model to estimate the bridge-load effects caused by congested traffic. These results are extrapolated to find the characteristic lifetime maximum values that are used to evaluate the Eurocode load model to assess its suitability for long-span bridges. In a similar way, the current American load model for long-span bridges, commonly known as the ASCE model, is evaluated to see if it accurately reflects the congested traffic loading that is currently found on American highways. Recent research has suggested the use of the AASHTO HL-93 load model to estimate the effects of traffic loading on long-span bridges, and this model is also evaluated in this work.
Root Colonization and Improved Growth Performance of Micropropagated Terminalia bellerica Roxb. Plantlets Inoculated with Piriformospora indica during Ex Vitro Acclimatization

In vitro raised plantlets of Terminalia bellerica were biotized using an endosymbiotic root fungus Piriformospora indica during their hardening and acclimatization. Improved overall growth and higher rate of survival were observed with colonized plantlets. The fungus colonized in more than 80% of inoculated plantlets and about 90% of such plantlets showed survival in the greenhouse and subsequent under nursery shed. Colonization of fungus also promoted root growth, increased biomass and total chlorophyll content in inoculated plantlets. The study demonstrated the potential of P. indica as a biopriming agent for achieving better growth and survival of tissue culture raised plantlets.
Self or Simulacra of Online Reviews: An Empirical Perspective

Online user-generated content (UGC) includes various forms of computer-mediated online reviews, ratings, and feedback. The impact of online consumer reviews has been widely studied particularly in e-commerce, online marketing, and consumer behavior domains using text-mining and sentiment analysis. Such studies often assume that consumer-submitted online reviews truly represent consumer experiences, but multiple studies on online social networks suggest otherwise. Drawing from the social network literature, this paper investigates the impact of peers on consumer willingness to write and submit online reviews. An empirical study using data from “Yelp,” a globally used online restaurant review website, shows that the number of friends and fans positively impacts the number of online consumer reviews written. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Urban Population Distribution Characteristics Analysis Method based on Mobile Phone Data

Traditional way of artificial survey statistics for urban population distribution is too time-consuming to adapt to the rapidly changing city traffic flow. In this paper, we propose a method to find out the workplace and residence, according to mobile phone location data and historical trajectory mining. This method is low cost with high accurate statistical results. It is verified by real data in Beijing.
Bifurcation structure of periodic patterns in the Lugiato-Lefever equation with anomalous dispersion

We study the stability and bifurcation structure of spatially extended patterns arising in nonlinear optical resonators with a Kerr-type nonlinearity and anomalous group velocity dispersion, as described by the Lugiato-Lefever equation. While there exists a one-parameter family of patterns with different wavelengths, we focus our attention on the pattern with critical wave number ${k}_{c}$ arising from the modulational instability of the homogeneous state. We find that the branch of solutions associated with this pattern connects to a branch of patterns with wave number $2{k}_{c}$. This next branch also connects to a branch of patterns with double wave number, this time $4{k}_{c}$, and this process repeats through a series of 2:1 spatial resonances. For values of the detuning parameter approaching $\ensuremath{\theta}=2$ from below the critical wave number ${k}_{c}$ approaches zero and this bifurcation structure is related to the foliated snaking bifurcation structure organizing spatially localized bright solitons. Secondary bifurcations that these patterns undergo and the resulting temporal dynamics are also studied.
Natural Language Requirements to Executable Models of Software Components

The UniFrame approach to component-based software development assumes that concrete components are developed from a meta-model, called the Unified Metacomponent Model, according to standardized business domain models. Implicit in this development is that there is a Platform Independent Model (PIM) which is transformed into a Platform Specific Model (PSM) under the principles of Model-Driven Architecture. This paper advocates natural language as the starting point for developing the business domain models and the metamodel and shows how this natural language may be mapped through the PIM to PSM using a formal system of rules expressed in Two-Level Grammar. This allows software requirements to be progressed from business logic to implementation of components and provides sufficient automation that components may be modified at the model level, or even the natural language requirements level, as opposed to the code level.
CW OPERATION OF SUPERCONDUCTING TESLA CAVITIES

Several recently proposed superconducting linacs are designed to operate in CW mode. The TELSA technology, which they are based upon, was originally developed for pulsed mode. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of CW mode with TESLA technology, BESSY has built the HoBiCaT test facility [1]. The main issues of CW operation were examined and solutions are shown on the following topics: Limits of heat conduction in the Helium vessel, gas dynamics in the two phase line, layout of a CW cryo module, heating of HOM couplers, CW operation of the main RF coupler, choice of helium bath temperature, pressure stability of the helium bath and microphonics and their compensation.
Dual-task agent for run-time classification and killing of malicious processes

Malicious software (malware) is one of the key vectors for cyber criminal activity. New malware samples appear every minute. These new samples are distinct from previous examples because the precise file content is new though the software behaviour may not be new. For this reason, static detection methods perform poorly by comparison with methods using behavioural data. Behavioural analysis, however, is typically conducted in a sandboxed or emulated environment. The sandbox takes several minutes to analyse the file, whilst static detection takes seconds. Some malware behaves one way in a sandbox and differently on a target endpoint, risking the sample being be misclassified. Run-time malware analysis examines software behaviour as it executes on the target endpoint. This eliminates the time delay caused by sandbox analysis and ensures that the behaviour monitored is identical to the behaviour on the target endpoint.Malicious software is capable of causing damage within seconds of delivery, only an automated response is capable of acting quickly enough to mitigate its impact. Previous run-time detection research has not considered real damage prevention to the endpoint.This paper proposes an agent for earlier run-time detection and killing of malware than has previously been presented. The agent uses a dual-task recurrent neural network trained both to maximise classification accuracy and to exercise caution in killing processes, as the latter action is irreversible. Real-time testing of the model found that it was able to detect 90% of fast-acting ransomware (ransomware which begins encryption within 30 seconds of launching) and reduce the number of files encrypted in the first 30 seconds by 50%
More Than Just a Bandage: Closing the Gap Between Injury and Appendage Regeneration

The remarkable regenerative capabilities of amphibians have captured the attention of biologists for centuries. The frogs Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis undergo temporally restricted regenerative healing of appendage amputations and spinal cord truncations, injuries that are both devastating and relatively common in human patients. Rapidly expanding technological innovations have led to a resurgence of interest in defining the factors that enable regenerative healing, and in coupling these factors to human therapeutic interventions. It is well-established that early embryonic signaling pathways are critical for growth and patterning of new tissue during regeneration. A growing body of research now indicates that early physiological injury responses are also required to initiate a regenerative program, and that these differ in regenerative and non-regenerative contexts. Here we review recent insights into the biophysical, biochemical, and epigenetic processes that underlie regenerative healing in amphibians, focusing particularly on tail and limb regeneration in Xenopus. We also discuss the more elusive potential mechanisms that link wounding to tissue growth and patterning.
Rank metric codes

Summary: The results of this paper are concerned with the multi-covering radius, a generalization of covering radius, of Rank Distance (RD) codes. This leads to greater understanding of RD codes and their distance properties. Results on multi-covering radii of RD codes under various constructions are given by varying the parameters. Some bounds are established. A relationship between multi-covering radii of an RD code and that of its ambient space is also found. The classical sphere bound is generalized.
SAPSAM - Sparsely Annotated Pathological Sign Activation Maps - A Novel Approach To Train Convolutional Neural Networks On Lung CT Scans Using Binary Labels Only

Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CPA) is a complex lung disease caused by infection with Aspergillus. Computed tomography (CT) images are frequently requested in patients with suspected and established disease, but the radiological signs on CT are difficult to quantify making accurate follow-up challenging. We propose a novel method to train Convolutional Neural Networks using only regional labels on the presence of pathological signs, to not only detect CPA, but also spatially localize pathological signs. We use average intensity projections within different ranges of Hounsfield-unit (HU) values, transforming input 3D CT scans into 2D RGB-like images. CNN architectures are trained for hierarchical tasks, leading to precise activation maps of pathological patterns. Results on a cohort of 352 subjects demonstrate high classification accuracy, localization precision and predictive power of 2 year survival. Such tool opens the way to CPA patient stratification and quantitative follow-up of CPA pathological signs, for patients under drug therapy.
Massive MIMO Multicast Beamforming via Accelerated Random Coordinate Descent

One key feature of massive multiple-input multiple-output systems is the large number of antennas and users. As a result, reducing the computational complexity of beamforming design becomes imperative. To this end, the goal of this paper is to achieve a lower complexity order than that of existing beamforming methods, via the parallel accelerated random coordinate descent (ARCD). However, it is known that ARCD is only applicable when the problem is convex, smooth, and separable. In contrast, the beamforming design problem is nonconvex, nonsmooth, and nonseparable. Despite these challenges, this paper shows that it is possible to incorporate ARCD for multicast beamforming by leveraging majorization minimization and strong duality. Numerical results show that the proposed method reduces the execution time by one order of magnitude compared to state-of-the-art methods.
The few-get-richer: a surprising consequence of popularity-based rankings?

Ranking algorithms play a crucial role in online platforms ranging from search engines to recommender systems. In this paper, we identify a surprising consequence of popularity-based rankings: the fewer the items reporting a given signal, the higher the share of the overall traffic they collectively attract. This few-get-richer effect emerges in settings where there are few distinct classes of items (e.g., left-leaning news sources versus right-leaning news sources), and items are ranked based on their popularity. We demonstrate analytically that the few-get-richer effect emerges when people tend to click on top-ranked items and have heterogeneous preferences for the classes of items. Using simulations, we analyze how the strength of the effect changes with assumptions about the setting and human behavior. We also test our predictions experimentally in an online experiment with human participants. Our findings have important implications to understand the spread of misinformation.