Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Guidance for researchers wanting to link NHS data using non-consent approaches: a thematic analysis of feedback from the Health Research Authority Confidentiality Advisory Group

Abstract Introduction The use of linked data and non-consent methodologies is a rapidly growing area of health research due to the increasing detail, availability and scope of routinely collected electronic health records data. However, gaining the necessary legal and governance approvals to undertake data linkage is a complex process in England. Objectives We reflect on our own experience of establishing lawful basis for data linkage through Section 251 approval, with the intention to build a knowledgebase of practical advice for future applicants. Methods Thematic analysis was conducted on a corpus of Section 251 feedback reports from the NHS Health Research Authority Confidentiality Advisory Group. Results Four themes emerged from the feedback. These were: (a) Patient and Public Involvement, (b) Establishing Rationale, (c) Data maintenance and contingency, and the need to gain (d) Further Permissions from external authorities prior to full approval. Conclusions Securing Section 251 approval poses ethical, practical and governance challenges. However, through a comprehensive, planned approach Section 251 approval is possible, enabling researchers to unlock the potential of linked data for the purposes of health research.
Importance Of Psychotherapy Towards Promotion Of Mental Wellness In Africa

The issue of mental health affects everyone, particularly wellness of life such as emotional stability and stress free among others. Contextually, most African countries are beleaguered by poverty, wars, terrorism, insecurity and superstition leading to emotional distress, trauma, malnutrition, substance abuse, and other psychological problems. Therefore, provision of psychotherapy and its importance cannot be overemphasized, as it is essential for promoting mental wellness in the face of accumulated tension, which if not taken care of would lead to many illnesses. Example at hand is the aftermath of the just concluded political election in Nigeria, which have left many vulnerable that include loss of loved ones amidst myriad of other psychological problems. Accordingly, this paper wishes to survey the numerous contributions psychotherapy would make towards the development of mental wellness in African, using Nigeria as a case study, particularly in the form of providing advocacy for relaxation and stress management. Hence, data collected from 10 counsellors-in-training would be used as evidence-base narratives to support integration of psycho-therapeutic intervention to daily experiences of life aimed at achieving greater wellness of life.
AI prognostication tool for severe community - acquired pneumonia and covid - 19 respiratory infections

As of 23 May 2020, 5.21 million cases of infection and 338,000 deaths worldwide had been reported. Ethical considerations in scarcity would suggest that hospital resources should be prioritized for patients who are most ill. These considerations are becoming more urgent in the current global COVID - 19 pandemic due to an unprecedented surge for hospital care. COVID - 19 has pushed healthcare systems to the edge and spur rapid development of AI health informatics solutions to fight against the pandemic. Many clinical prognostic scoring tools to aid clinicians in the disposition and severity assessment of COVID - 19 have since been developed or proposed. However, most of these tools leverage on either radiology images or electronic medical records (EMR) data. In this paper, we presented a novel tool that augments Chest X - Ray images and electronic medical records data in a single end - to - end machine learning model. We also demonstrate that CAP (Community Acquired Pneumonia) patients have a similar severity characteristic with COVID - 19 patients therefore a predictive model trained on CAP cohort is also applicable on COVID - 19 patients. The final ensemble model developed has an AUC of 0.71 and accuracy of 0.768 when tested on real world clinical COVID - 19 data, this performance is higher when compared to model developed using only Chest X - Ray or EMR data alone. In addition, we also shared the system architecture of a simple to implement standalone application that is well integrated with the radiology information system and picture archiving & communication system (RIS -
Characters of Leaf Epidermis and Their Taxonomic Significance in Cotoneaster Medikus

The leaf epidermis of 15 species,representing two sections of the genus Cotoneaster was investigated using light microscopy(LM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). In Sect.Cotoneaster,leaf epidermal cells are usually polygonal in shape,straight to arched in pattern of anticlinal wall,and the stomata are anomocytic.While in Sect.Uniflos,leaf epidermal cells are usually irregular in shape,repand or sinuous in pattern of anticlinal wall,the stomata are anomocytic,and staurocytic,tetracytic,isotricytic besides.The fifteen species can be divided into three types:type W,type S,and type I,according to the characters of cuticular membrane surrounding the stomata and the other epidermal characters.Type W is an exceptional type S.Plants of Sect.Cotoneaster investigated here are type W or type S,while plants of Sect.Uniflos belong to type I.The characters mentioned above are of much significance in delimiting sections and species in Cotoneaster.
ENHANCED PRODUCTIVITY AND FRUIT QUALITY OF FLAME SEEDLESS GRAPEVINES TREATED WITH SEAWEED EXTRACT

A field experiment was conducted during seasons of 2008 and 2009 on Flame Seedless grapevines. The vines were 12-years-old, cultivated at 2 x 2.5 m apart, trained as cordon system, and grown in a clay soil, and drip irrigation system was used, to study the effects of foliar applications of different concentrations of Goemar BM 86 and Acadian extracts on nutrient uptake, growth and yield of Flame Seedless grapevines. The foliar spray was replicated three times at four concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 %) of seaweed extracts. Foliar applications of seaweed extract significantly enhanced yield parameters. The highest yield weight was recorded with applications of 1 % Acadian extract, followed by 2 % Goemar extract that resulted in 59 % and 39 % increases, respectively compared to the control. The maximum fruit quality was achieved with 2% Goemar extract application. Improved nutrient uptake was also observed with seaweed extract applications. Thus, foliar application of Acadian extract could be a promising option for yield enhancement, and Goemar extract for fruit quality.
Therapeutic Direction and Issues Regarding HBV Infection

With up to 400 million affected people worldwide, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a major health care problem. During the last decade, several novel therapeutic approaches have been developed and evaluated. In most regions of the world, interferon-α (IFN-α), and nucleos(t)ide analogues are currently approved. Despite major improvements, none of the existing therapies is optimal since viral clearance is rarely achieved. HBV establishes a stable nuclear covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). Interferon-α treatment can clear HBV but is limited by systemic side effects. Up-regulation of APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B enzymes by use of IFN-α or lymphotoxin-b (LT bR) was found to result in cytidine deamination, apurinic/apyrimidinic site formation, and finally cccDNA degradation that prevented HBV reactivation, while genomic DNA was found to remain intact. As such, development of new therapeutics in combination with existing antivirals, may cure hepatitis B. With respect to the selectivity observation on the activation of LTβR, however, more studies are necessary on the potential utility of LTβR agonists for clearance of cccDNA in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). HBV is a DNA virus that can integrate DNA into host genome thereby increases the yield of trans-activator protein HBxAg that may deregulate many pathways involving in metabolism of cells causing Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) development. This review aimed at therapeutic direction and issues regarding HBV infection.
Causal Inductive Synthesis Corpus

We introduce the Causal Inductive Synthesis Corpus (CISC) – a manually constructed collection of interactive domains. CISC domains abstract core causal concepts present in real world mechanisms and environments. We formulate two synthesis challenges of causal model discovery: the passive discovery of a model of a CISC domain from observed data, and active discovery while interacting with the domain. CISC problems are expressed in A UTUMN , a Turing-complete programming language for specifying causal probabilistic models. A UTUMN allows succinct expression for models that vary dynamically through time, respond to ex-ternal input, have internal state and memory, exhibit probabilistic non-determinism, and have complex causal dependencies between variables.
Relationship between ERCC5+25A>G polymorphism and clinical outcome of patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with platinum-based chemotherapy

Objective To study the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) in the ERCC5(excision repair cross complementation group 5) gene and clinical outcome of Chinese patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.Methods Polymorphisms of +25AG(rs751402),+202CT(rs2296147) and+372CT(rs2296148) in the ERCC5 gene were detected by PCR-LDR(polymerase chain reaction-ligation detection reaction) from 105 advanced colorectal cancer patients treated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.Statistical analysis was conducted to investigate the association between gene polymorphisms and clinical outcome.Results The genotype distribution of each polymorphism was found to be of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the study.The disease control rate of patients with+25A allele(73.5%) was significantly higher than that of those with +25GG genotype(χ2=5.231,P=0.022). No significant association or trend was found between+202CT,+372CT polymorphism and disease control rate.The median progression free survival(PFS) of patients with the+25GG genotype(35/95 cases,5 months) was significantly lower than that of patients with other genotypes(48/95 case,8 months for+25AG genotype and 12/95 cases,6 months for+25AA genotype,χ2=6.916,P=0.009). No significant difference was found between genotypes of+202CT or+372CT in the study.Conclusion The results suggested that ERCC5+25AG polymorphism may be associated with clinical outcome of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in Chinese patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
Gliadin Comparison Between Aegilops Tauschii Cosson from China and Middle East

Gliadin variation in 36 Aegilops tauschii Cosson accessions were investigated by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (APAGE). There are 19 different gliadin patterns in 36 Ae.tauschii accessions, and the freqnency of each patterns is different. There are 19 patterns in Middle East, but only two in China.
A Preliminary Analysis of Weevil Assemblages in the Sub-Antarctic: Local and Regional Patterns

Weevil assemblages were examined on the Prince Edward Islands and compared to those of the other South Indian Ocean Province archipelagos. Patterns found on both Marion and Prince Edward Islands are strikingly similar, despite the different glacial histories (i.e. extent of disturbance) of these islands, and indicate that interspecific competition is an important process underlying assemblage structure in the historically old epilithic biotope, whereas interspecific competition is unimportant in the young vegetated biotope, into which weevils are currently radiating. These findings support previous hypotheses concerning the importance and likelihood of interspecific competition in old, moderately-harsh, predator-free environments. Comparison of all the archipelagos in the province revealed major differences in assemblage structure between the archipelagos which do not support the competition hypothesis, but which are best explained by the varying geological and climatological histories (i.e. extent of disturbance) of the islands. These apparently contradictory findings are reconciled by taking scaling effects into consideration, and highlight the interaction between local and regional processes during the evolution of these assemblages.
INFLUENCE OF COMPOST TEA, AZOLLA AND YEAST ON GROWTH OF WHEAT IN SALINE SOIL

Two field experiments were carried out to study the effect of compost tea, Azolla and yeast alone or mixed with different rates from urea fertilizers on soil properties and wheat productivity under saline soil condition in Sahl El Hossinia, El – Sharkia Governorate during two winter seasons of 2008 – 2009 and 2009 -2010. Urea rates (50 and 75 Kg N Fed -1 ) . The results indicated that increasing mineral nitrogen dose of application from 50 to 75 Kg N Fed -1 with compost tea led to increase the counts of total bacteria and cyanobacteria. Therefore increase, the rate of respiration and subsequently increased the amounts of evaluated CO2 and also increased both dehydrogenase and nitrogenase activities. In all treatments decreased soil pH and EC as a result of improving soil physical properties and activity microorganisms compared with control treatments. The highest organic matters were obtained with application of T11, T12, T9, T10 and T3. Data showed that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium soil content were significantly increased when application with T11 over all treatments. The highest NPK contents were 114.50, 6.18 and 245 ppm respectively. Application of treatment T12 (50 Kg N + Azolla + yeast + compost tea) non – significant increase in plant height with T7 (75 Kg N + compost tea) and T9 (75Kg N + Azolla + yeast) giving 97.3, 96.60 and 99.64 cm plant -1 . The treatment of compost tea addition with different levels of urea ( 75 and 50 Kg N. Fed 1 ) increased the plant high, grain yield and the weight of 1000 grains and also increased plant dry weight and straw yield compared the control ( T1 and T2 ). However, T 12 treatment (50 Kg N + Azolla + yeast + compost tea) (485.82 /m -2 grain) giving highest recorded for all treatments accept T11 (75 Kg N + Azolla + yeast + compost tea) giving 499.78g / m2. The highest value T11 (1000 grain weight) was significantly higher than all tested treatments. Both of T9 and T12 of these high values were significantly higher than the control treatment. Higher value of P and K concentrations for wheat grain and straw were achieved with the application T11 and T9 treatments than the other treatments. The recorded values of N, P and K concentration by grains were 1.85, 0.78 and 1.82 % for soil treated with compost tea combination (75 Kg N Fed -1 ).
Effect of Initial Central Temperature of Trachurus murphyi on the Fish Quality During Refrigerated Storage

Changes in quality of Chilean jack mackerel(Trachurusmurphyi) with different initial central temperatures stored at 4 ℃temperature for 6 days were studied.Three different initial central temperatures including 0 ℃(A group),3 ℃(B group) and 6 ℃(C group),and pH values,total volatile basic nitrogen(TVB-N),trimethylamine(TMA-N),2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS)and sensory assessment for whole jack mackerel were determined.The results indicated that pH,TVB-N,TMA-N and TBARS values increased as refrigerated storage progressed and it showed that in the 6th day,these values of fishes in C group were 6.13,0.29 mg/g,0.13 mg/g,7.12 mg/kg,respectively,and they were significantly higher than those in A and B group(p0.05). In addition,there was a negative correlation between sensory scores and storage time.The lower initial central temperature of fish resulted in the more decrease of speed of sensory scores.The lower initial central temperature may contribute to the better quality of Chilean jack mackerel during refrigerated storage.
DEXMEDETOMIDINE REDUCES MINIMUM ALVEOLAR CONCENTRATION (MAC) OF ISOFLURANE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING LUMBAR LAMINECTOMY

Background : Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 agonist used as an adjuvant in general anaesthesia, has anaesthetic sparing property. Aims : To study the effect of dexmedetomidine on requirement of isoflurane during general anesthesia with bispectral monitoring of depth of anaesthesia . Materials and Methods : One hundred patients were randomly divided into 2 groups of 50 each. In group F, fentanyl 2 mcg/kg was given while in group D, dexmedetomidine was given intravenously as loading dose of 1 mcg/kg over 10 min prior to induction. After induction with propofol in group B, dexmedetomidine was given as infusion at a dose of 0.2-0.7 mcg/kg/hour. Isoflurane was used as inhalation agent in both groups. Hemodynamic variables, BIS and minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane were continuously recorded. Statistical analysis was done by unpaired student’s t-test and Chi-square test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. p‑value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results : The use of dexmedetomidine was associated with a statistically significant decrease in MAC of isoflurane in group D (0.759±.012) as compared to group F (0.901±0.030). Conclusion : Dexmedetomidine decreases isoflurane requirement for maintaining adequate depth of anaesthesia.
Inhibitory Effects of Rice Bran Water Extract Fermented Lactobacillus plantarum due to cAMP-dependent Phosphorylation of VASP (Ser 157 ) on human Platelet Aggregation

In this study, we investigated the effect of rice bran water extract fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum KCCM-12116 (RBLp) on ADP (20 μM)-, collagen (10 μg/mL)-, and thrombin (0.2 U/mL)-stimulated platelet aggregation. RBLp dose-dependently inhibited ADP-, collagen-, and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, with IC50 values of 501.1, 637.2, and > 2,000 μg/mL, respectively. The platelet aggregation induced by ADP plus RBLp (750 μg/mL) was increased by the adenylate cyclase inhibitor, SQ22536, and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (A-kinase) inhibitor, Rp-8-Br-cAMPS. Treatment with RBLp increased the phosphorylation of VASP (Ser 157 ), an A-kinase substrate, which was also inhibited by SQ22536 and Rp-8-Br-cAMPS. It is thought that the RBLp-induced increases in cAMP contributed to the phosphorylation of VASP (Ser 157 ), which in turn resulted in an inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation, thereby indicating that RBLp has an antiplatelet effect via cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of VASP (Ser 157 ). Thus, RBLp may have therapeutic potential for the treatment (or prevention) of platelet aggregation-mediated diseases, such as thrombosis, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, and ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
Linkages of functional traits among plant organs in the dominant species of the Inner Mongolia grassland,China

Aims The temperate grasslands in Inner Mongolia,representing a great diversity in vegetation types(desert steppe,typical steppe and meadow steppe) and function groups(grass/herb,legume/non-legume),are ideal places to test the hypothesized functional trait relationships among plant organs.Our main objective in this study was to test whether plant functional traits vary in a coordinated fashion both within and across organs.Methods Based on the field observation during July and August in both 2006 and 2007,we measured suites of ecophysiological traits of 42 grassland species from 19 sites in Inner Mongolia.The longitude of the study region ranges from 112.82° to 120.12°(E),and the latitude ranges from 41.76° to 49.89°(N). N and P concentrations,N:P ratios of leaves,stems,reproductive structures,fine roots(diameter 1 mm) and coarse roots(diameter 1 mm) as well as tissue density of leaf and fine root and specific leaf area/specific root length were determined.Important findings At both population and interspecific level,N and P concentrations were positively correlated within each organ.Specific leaf area was negatively correlated with leaf N and P concentrations and tissue density at the population level but not at the interspecific level.Specific root length was negatively related to fine root tissue density at population level.Plants with low leaf or fine root tissue density had leaves or fine roots with high N concentrations and large specific leaf area or specific root length.N and P concentrations as well as N:P ratios were also consistently correlated across all organs,but no correlation between specific leaf area and specific root length was observed.At the population level there existed a weak negative correlation between leaf and fine root tissue density while at interspecific level this relationship disappeared.Grasses had lower N and P concentrations than herbs in leaves,reproductive structures and roots,but not in stems.Legumes had higher N concentrations than non-legumes in all organs,but they showed no significant differences in P concentrations.
Relationship among water use of different plants in Heihe River riparian forests

This paper analyzed the sources of water for desert riparian forests and identified the sources of water for different plant species. In order to explore the relationships among the plant species, the spatial differences in the sources of water for different forest plants were analyzed. The study provided the basis for locating ecological desert river forest oases with mixed plant species and for protecting inter-species interactions by monitoring aggressive water use and competition. A multi-isotope mass balance analysis was used to explore the potential contributions of different sources of water to plant. The xylem water and potential water resources including soil water and groundwater, of Populus euphratica(seedlings), Tamarix karelinii, Sophora alopecuroides, Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis, Karelinia caspia and Peganum nigellastrum were analyzed by using stable oxygen isotope composition(δD, δ18O) measurements and analyses. The results showed different δD, δ18O values in xylem water of different types of plants. This suggested that different plants absorbed water from different depths. The analysis showed that the main soil depth of absorbed water was 0-20 cm for P. euphratica seedlings, 200-300 cm for T. karelinii, 0-20 cm for H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis, 50-100 cm for K. caspia, 0-20 cm for P. nigellastrum and 0-5 cm for S. alopecuroides. The contribution rates of different potential water resources were different to different plant species. Herbaceous plants mainly used shallow soil water. While shrubs with different plant species had different sources of water, P. euphratica also mainly used the shallow soil water. Based on the results of the study, competitions were noted among P. euphratica seedlings, H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis and P. nigellastrum in the Heihe River desert riparian forests in terms of water use. P. euphratica and T. karelinii enhanced the water use of each other in the study area. Evaporation of soil moisture was the cause of enriched stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in the lower reaches of Heihe River. However, these enriched stable isotopes were diluted by groundwater with increasing soil depth. This caused corresponding changes in stable isotope values with increasing soil depth.