Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Website engagibility: a step beyond usability.

There is a continuing need for quality eCommerce websites which satisfy their owner’s perspective of quality of design and visitor’s perspective of quality of use. More particularly there is a need for website owners to be able to specify what constitutes a website that will fully engage site visitors and consequently what needs to be designed into the website in order to insure return on investment. This paper argues that the term usability is inappropriate to quality websites and that website engagibility is a step beyond usability. The paper reports continuing research which seeks to identify the requirements of website engagibility, and to provide a mathematical solution for measuring and comparing website performance. The research relies on the Software Quality Star to provide an endto-end conceptual model for studying website quality. In particular it focuses on the potential of a website’s design to support the engagibility of visitors. Using a comprehensive set of Quality-of-product criteria and counts for a set of eCommerce websites the paper explains how a ratio value can be calculated for a website. These metrics specifically avoid reliance on website traffic data and visitor statistics and the study concerns itself with website structure and design criteria. The approach is influenced by assessment and predictive measurement theory. Then, using Metric Ratio Analysis the paper shows how website engagibility performance ratings can be determined.
Effect of Germanium in Silicon for Solar Applications

In this thesis the effect of germanium in silicon for solar applications is studied through the characterization and analysis of two types of samples: multi-crystalline (mc) ingots and microwire arrays. A p-type mc-Si ingot and a p-type mc-SiGe ingot, with 1% of Ge concentration, were cast in the same conditions using the vertical gradient freeze method. The ingots were then vertically and horizontally cut in wafers for the experiments. The microwires were produced employing the molten core fiber drawing method and are composed of a SiGe core, with 6% of Ge concentration, embedded in a silica cladding. Some of the microwires were further treated through a CO2 laser annealing process, homogenizing the Ge concentration in the core. The Ge concentration variation in the SiGe ingot, experimentally determined using glow discharge mass spectrometry, was in good agreement with the theoretically calculated trend. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to evaluate the presence of interstitial oxygen and substitutional carbon in the vertically cut wafers. From these experiments carbon was estimated to exceed the solubility limit in both ingots. The SiGe ingot was found to have higher metallic impurity concentration at the bottom, lower interstitial oxygen and lower substitutional carbon compared to the Si one. These three results were connected to precipitation mechanisms caused by the presence of Ge-vacancy complexes. The Ge-vacancy defect formation was discussed in terms of released strain energy imposed by the larger radius of Ge atoms compared to the Si atoms. Regarding electrical properties, four point probes resistivity measurements on horizonally cut wafers have shown a good agreement between the experimental values and the boron density intentionally added during the casting process. Transmittance and absorption measurements were finally performed on both mc wafers and microwires. A slight increase of light absorption in the infrared region was shown in the SiGe wafers compared to the Si one, due to the change in energy bandgap. Homogeneous and inhomogeneous compositions in the microwires were found considering the polished longitudinal section of their core, with images obtained by scanning electron microscopy. The absorption spectra analysis of the microwires revealed that inhomogeneous samples are absorbing more light in the infrared region and reach the absorption peak more slowly. This behavior was explained in terms of the energy bandgaps variations in the different regions of the inhomogeneous core. These results highlight that SiGe alloy is a valuable solution to increase absorption of light and to reduce impurity levels in silicon based solar cells. Furthermore, the inhomogeneous microwires have shown promising properties that can be used as a starting point for future solar cell systems to reduce the material usage while maintaining high light absorption.
New sources of scald (Rhynchosporium secalis Davis) resistance for western Canadian barley

Scald, caused by Rhynchosporium secalis Davis, is an important fungal foliar disease of barley which can cause significant losses of yield and quality in western Canada. Scald can be controlled by fungicides and/or cultural methods, however, the use of genetic resistance is most desirable control strategy. The objectives of this study were to evaluate scald resistance in two New Zealand barley genotypes; to study the inheritance of that resistance and to test its novelty relative to a number of existing resistance sources available to Canadian breeding programs. New Zealand genotypes 145L2 and 4176/n, which showed scald resistance in NZ nurseries and in Alberta scald screening nurseries in 1998, were evaluated in 1999 and 2000 Alberta nurseries. To determine the genetic control of resistance, these resistant lines were each crossed with scald susceptible CDC McGwire; and resistant versus susceptible progeny ratios from F2 populations and F5 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were tested for chi-square goodness of fit for one or two gene control. To determine the source of the resistance, ‘known’ H. vulgare parents of these NZ lines were evaluated in the Alberta scald nurseries. In addition, 145L2 was crossed with 4176/n and four local resistant lines to determine allelic relationships between ‘145L2’ resistance and the resistance in the local lines. In 1999 and 2000, both NZ lines expressed good scald resistance. Inheritance studies indicated that resistance in both NZ lines is governed by a single dominant gene. ‘145L2’ resistance is different from resistance in 4176/n and the other barley lines tested. All ‘known’ progenitors of these lines were susceptible suggesting that resistance is a result of mutation and/or introgression(s) from what is described as an ‘unknown’ parent in their pedigrees. The NZ lines provide new sources of scald resistance that can be incorporated into local breeding lines.
Dynamic Harmonic Domain Modelling of Space Vector Based SSSC

This paper presents analytical frequency domain method for harmonic modeling and evaluation of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) based static synchronous series converter (SSSC). SVPWM is the best among all the PWM techniques. It gives a degree of freedom of space vector placement in a switching cycle. Dynamic modeling technique is used for space vector modulation (SVM) based voltage source converter that is adapted as a static synchronous series converter (SSSC) for harmonic analysis using dynamic harmonic domain. Performance of the SSSC is evaluated in dynamic harmonic domain simulation studies in MATLAB environment. The switching function spectra are necessary for harmonic transfer matrix which is calculated using Fourier series. This paper presents the analysis of harmonics for space vector based SSSC during steady state and dynamic condition.
Reply to Review by A.Desai

7 The use of eddy covariance CO2 flux measurements in data assimilation and other 8 applications requires an estimate of the random uncertainty. In previous studies, the 9 (classical) two-tower approach has yielded robust uncertainty estimates, but care must be 10 taken to meet the often competing requirements of statistical independence (non-overlapping 11 footprints) and ecosystem homogeneity when choosing an appropriate tower distance. The 12 role of the tower distance was investigated with help of a roving station separated between 8 13 m and 34 km from a permanent EC grassland station. Random uncertainty was estimated for 14 five separation distances with the classical two-tower approach and an extended two-tower 15 approach which removed systematic differences of CO2 fluxes measured at two EC towers. 16 This analysis was made for a dataset where (i) only similar weather conditions at the two sites 17 were included, and (ii) an unfiltered one. The extended approach, applied to weather-filtered 18 data for separation distances of 95 m and 173 m gave uncertainty estimates in best 19 correspondence with thean independent reference method. The introduced correction for 20 systematic flux differences considerably reduced the overestimation of the two-tower based 21 uncertainty of net CO2 flux measurements e.g.and decreased the sensitivity of results to tower 22 distance. We therefore conclude that corrections for systematic flux differences (e.g. caused 23 by different environmental conditions at both EC towers. It is concluded that the extension of 24 ) can help to apply the two-tower approach can help to receive more reliable uncertainty 25 estimates because systematic differences of measured CO2 fluxes which are not part of 26 random error are filtered out.site pairs with less ideal conditions. 27 28 Style Definition: Tabelle: Space Before: 0 pt, After: 0 pt
Evaluation of lightning return stroke parameters using measured magnetic flux density and pso algorithm

Return stroke current along lightning channel is reckoned as a fundamental factor for the prediction of electromagnetic fields at observation points, whilst it can be simulated by current models. The most common current model is the engineering model which is more dependent on the height dependent attenuation factor and the return stroke velocity. Yet, the estimation of constant parameters at attenuation factor and return stroke velocity value are complicated. Using measured values and the PSO (particle swarm optimization) optimization method, this paper aimed at determining the values of current velocity along lightning channel and constant parameters in MTLE and MTLL engineering current models and the behaviour of both current models with respect to measured field were processed where the observation point is set at intermediated distance from lightning channel. Moreover, the results were compared with the previous results and were validated with the measured fields. The results illustrated that the MTLL model cannot be as an appropriate current model compared to MTLE current model for the intermediate distance case. Also, the results based on the MTLE model and the initial data determined by PSO algorithm were in good agreement with the measured fields. The proposed method was also capable of setting up appropriate values for unknown parameters in return stroke current models. In addition, the simulated field using the MTLE current model and initial data from PSO algorithm improved the average difference in percent between simulated field and measured field compared to the initial data from previous studies. Streszczenie. W artykule analizuje sie predkośc prądu w kanale wyladowania piorunowego. Do tego celu wykorzystuje sie dane pomiarowe i algorytm PSO. Metode te porownano z klasyczną metodą bazującą na określaniu tlumienia i szybkości uderzenia powrotnego. (Analiza prądu w kanale wyladowania piorunowego na podstawie pomiaru indukcji magnetycznej z wykorzystaniem algorytmu PSO)
The System of Register Labels in plWordNet

The System of Register Labels in plWordNet Stylistic registers influence word usage. Both traditional dictionaries and wordnets assign lexical units to registers, and there is a wide range of solutions. A system of register labels can be flat or hierarchical, with few labels or many, homogeneous or decomposed into sets of elementary features. We review the register label systems in lexicography, and then discuss our model, designed for plWordNet, a large wordnet for Polish. There follows a detailed comparative analysis of several register systems in Polish lexical resources. We also present the practical effect of the adoption of our flat, small and homogeneous system: a relatively high consistency of register assignment in plWordNet, as measured by inter-annotator agreement on a manageable sample. Large-scale conclusions for the whole plWordNet remain to be made once the annotation has been completed, but the experience half-way through this labour-intensive exercise is very encouraging.
Enabling test case selection of automatically generated unit tests through traceability: An empirical study

Anticipating the effects of changes/modifications to source code, is a difficult if not an impossible process, unless the right tools or methods are applied. One way of handling change impact analysis is through test case selection which can cut down the testing time, as it only selects and runs the tests that have been affected by a change. In order to realize this, the method of traceability is applied on source code and automatically generated unit tests. This approach aims at facilitating software maintenance by cutting down the time and the effort required to re-validate changes. This paper investigates the impact of traceability with the intention of evaluating the effects on debugging time and mutation kill score. By conducting an experiment with 8 subjects, the results showed that no major statistical differences were found, which is likely to change with a larger sample size. Nonetheless, to generalize the impact of traceability between code and automated unit tests, further research is required, however the paper provides insights and deeper understanding of the problem as well a guideline for future studies.
Oblique projections and frames

We characterize those frames on a Hilbert space H which can be represented as the image of an orthonormal basis by an oblique projection defined on an extension K of H. We show that all frames with infinite excess and frame bounds 1 < A < B are of this type. This gives a generalization of a result of Han and Larson which only holds for normalized tight frames.
Practicing and Preservice Teachers' Sense of Efficacy for Character Education

This study explored preservice and practicing teachers’ perspectives on their preparation to support students’ character development and their sense of efficacy in implementing classroom practices related to this area of education. The research questions framing the study were as follows: (1) What levels of efficacy around character education do practicing and preservice elementary teachers from the same teacher preparation program report? (2) How do efficacy levels differ between practicing and preservice teachers? (3) What influences on their efficacy for character education do practicing and preservice teachers report? The study involved a survey of 79 practicing and preservice teachers, with similar group sizes between the two groups. Results overall were similar to previous research using an instrument assessing teacher efficacy for character education, with overall scores somewhat positive about teachers’ efficacy in this area. Descriptive results also suggested a possible pattern of slightly higher levels of efficacy for character education among preservice teachers as compared to practicing teachers, although the difference did not prove to be statistically significant. Teacher responses also indicated the importance of both personal and professional experiences in developing skills for supporting student development in this area. TEACHERS’ SENSE OF EFFICACY FOR CHARACTER EDUCATION 4
Bayesian Demographic Modeling and Forecasting: An Application to U.S. Mortality

We present a new way to model age-specific demographic variables with the example of age-specific mortality in the U.S., building on the Lee-Carter approach and extending it in several dimensions. We incorporate covariates and model their dynamics jointly with the latent variables underlying mortality of all age classes. In contrast to previous models, a similar development of adjacent age groups is assured allowing for consistent forecasts. We develop an appropriate Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm to estimate the parameters and the latent variables in an efficient one-step procedure. Via the Bayesian approach we are able to asses uncertainty intuitively by constructing error bands for the forecasts. We observe that in particular parameter uncertainty is important for long-run forecasts. This implies that hitherto existing forecasting methods, which ignore certain sources of uncertainty, may yield misleadingly sure predictions. To test the forecast ability of our model we perform in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts up to 2050, revealing that covariates can help to improve the forecasts for particular age classes. A structural analysis of the relationship between age-specific mortality and covariates is conducted in a companion paper.
Analysis of microbial communities in Rusitec and single-flow continuous culture fermenters by PCR- SSCP: Effects of basal diet

The aim of this work was to analyse microbial communities in two artificial rumen systems, Rusitec and single-flow continuous culture fermenters (SFCCF), fdiets containing alfalfa hay and concentrate in the proportions of 80:20 and 20:80. Eight fermenters of each type were run for 14 days. On days 13 and 14, total effluent was collected and homogenized in a blender at low speed for 1 min and lyophilized. In order to study microbial diversity, DNA was isolated from samples (120 mg) of lyophilized effluent and the V3-4 region of the 16S rDNA gene was amplified by PCR and analysed by using single-strand-conformation polymorphisms (SSCP). Distinct clusters were observed for Rusitec and SFCCF samples. Microbial diversity, assessed using Shannon's index (H') was higher (P 0.05) by diet or system. Similarity between fermenters in PCR-SSCP banding patterns was higher in the Rusitec than in SFCCF for both diets. Under the conditions of the present experiment, microbial populations were affected by diet in both systems, and microbial diversity was different in both types of fermenters.
Effect of phytoplankton bloom deposition on benthic bacterial communities in two contrasting sediments in the southern North Sea

The response of benthic bacterial community composition, diversity, and biomass to phytoplankton deposition was investigated in 2 different sediment horizons at 2 contrasting sites in the southern North Sea. Differences in bacterial community composition between stations were observed. Seasonal differences in bacterial community composition were significant and were stronger in fine sediments, probably related to stronger fluctuations in food availability. Variation in community composition over the vertical sediment profile was different for both stations. In coarser sediment, the difference was mostly due to the absence of certain operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the surface, while in fine sediment, 2 distinct communities were present. A RELATE test revealed that bacterial community composition was influenced by the amount of labile organic matter (estimated through chl a concentration in the sediment). Diversity in terms of OTU richness and Shannon-Weaver diversity index was higher in finer grained sediments. In coarser sediments, diversity at the surface layer was lower, which might be related to stronger hydrodynamic pressure at this station. These differences were not observed at the other station. Seasonal changes in diversity were not detected at either station. Bacterial biomass was slightly higher in finer sediments and was not correlated with either chl a or temperature. Seasonal differences in bacterial biomass followed those observed for community composition, while no vertical differences were detected.
Microbiology of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a pulmonary infection that appears after 2 days of endotracheal intubation and when invasive mechanical ventilation is used. VAP is considered the most common nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit (ICU) and presents high morbidity and mortality rates, principally when caused by multi-resistant bacteria. Several risk factors are associated with VAP, including the micro- biota, advanced age, immunocompromising conditions, pulmonary illness, length of mechanical ventilation, the aspiration technique, tracheostomy, supine positioning, enteral feeding, previous antibiotic exposure, among other endogenous and exogenous factors. The main pathogens are Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Acinetobacter baumannii , and Enterobacteriaceae members, which are considered potentially multidrug-resistant pathogens. Conventional microbiology methods continue to be used for laboratory diagnosis. However, it is necessary to validate rapid and accurate laboratory methods, such as molecular assays that detect multiple gene sequences of a wide range of bacterial species and resistance markers. Therefore, the objective of this chapter is to review and update several aspects related to VAP, including risk factors, etiology, laboratory bacterial VAP severity, antibiotic susceptibility.
DENSITY AND VELOCITY MODEL OF METAMORPHIC ROCK PROPERTIES IN THE UPPER AND MIDDLE CRYSTALLINE CRUST IN THE KOLA SUPERDEEP BOREHOLE (SG-3) SECTION

Using the experimental and calculated data as the base, a model for a depth dependence of density, compression and shear wave velocities along the Kola superdeep borehole (SG-3) section was developed down to a depth of ~25 km. The variations of the density, compression and shear wave velocities are mainly caused by the changes in the rock mineral composition. The relative reduction in the velocities of compression and shear waves with depth under the influence of increasing pressure and temperature in the range of 5-25 km is about 2 %. The observed increase in seismic velocity with depth may be due to changes in the degree of metamorphic transformation of rocks. ARTICLE INFO
The role of the input in a connectionist model of the accessibility hierarchy in development

Language universals are important in theories of language, because they seem to require some innate endowment. Theoretical accounts of language universals sometimes argue that they arise from the nature of an innately-specified language processor. Another possibility, that we examined here, is that these universals arise from the mechanisms of the language learning system. One important syntactic universal in linguistic typology is the accessibility hierarchy on relative clause constructions. English relative clause constructions can be distinguished based on the grammatical function of their head noun in the relative clause. For example in the sentence the boy that runs, the constituent boy functions as the subject of the intransitive clause and we label this as an S-relative (other types of relative clauses are presented in Table 1). Keenan and Comrie (1977) sam-
LQG Control of a Two-Wheeled Mobile Pendulum System

In this paper, the linear-quadratic-Gaussian control of a mechatronic system will be studied. The mechatronic system is a special mobile robot (called two-wheeled mobile pendulum) having two-wheels, two contact points with the supporting surface and its center of mass is located under the wheel axis. Due to the mechanical structure, the inner body (which acts as a pendulum between the wheels) tends to oscillate during the translational motion of the robot, thus the application of modern control methods is essential in order to stabilize the dynamical system. In the first part of the paper, the mechatronic system and the corresponding mathematical model are introduced, while in the second part different controllers are designed for the plant. The achieved control performances are analyzed based on simulation and implementation results. Keywords-LQG control; Kalman-filter; mobile robot; selfbalancing robot; future transportation system