Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Value-at-Risk time scaling for long-term risk estimation

In this paper we discuss a general methodology to compute the market risk measure over long time horizons and at extreme percentiles, which are the typical conditions needed for estimating Economic Capital. The proposed approach extends the usual market-risk measure, ie, Value-at-Risk (VaR) at a short-term horizon and 99% confidence level, by properly applying a scaling on the short-term Profit-and-Loss (P&L) distribution. Besides the standard square-root-of-time scaling, based on normality assumptions, we consider two leptokurtic probability density function classes for fitting empirical P&L datasets and derive accurately their scaling behaviour in light of the Central Limit Theorem, interpreting time scaling as a convolution problem. Our analyses result in a range of possible VaR-scaling approaches depending on the distribution providing the best fit to empirical data, the desired percentile level and the time horizon of the Economic Capital calculation. After assessing the different approaches on a test equity trading portfolio, it emerges that the choice of the VaR-scaling approach can affect substantially the Economic Capital calculation. In particular, the use of a convolution-based approach could lead to significantly larger risk measures (by up to a factor of four) than those calculated using Normal assumptions on the P&L distribution.
Chiral spin density wave, spin-charge-Chern liquid and d+id superconductivity in 1/4-doped correlated electronic systems on the honeycomb lattice

nite size systems (up to 32 sites) to sharply distinguish dierent quantum phases. Our results show that for 1 . U=t < 40 in the Hubbard model and for 0:1 < J=t < 0:80(2) in the t-J model, the quantum ground state is either a chiral spin density wave state or a spin-charge-Chern liquid, but not a d+id superconductor. However, in the t-J model, upon increasing J the system goes through a rst-order phase transition at J=t = 0:80(2) into the d+id superconductor. Here the spin-charge-Chern liquid state is a new type of topologically ordered quantum phase with Abelian anyons and fractionalized excitations. Experimental signatures of these quantum phases, such as tunneling conductance, are calculated. These results are discussed in the context of 1/4-doped graphene systems and other correlated electronic materials on the honeycomb lattice.
Reconstructing gravity on cosmological scales

We present the data-driven reconstruction of gravitational theories and Dark Energy models on cosmological scales. We showcase the power of present cosmological probes at constraining these models and quantify the knowledge of their properties that can be acquired through state of the art data. This reconstruction exploits the power of the Effective Field Theory approach to Dark Energy and Modified Gravity phenomenology, which compresses the freedom in defining such models into a finite set of functions that can be reconstructed across cosmic times using cosmological data. We consider several model classes described within this framework and thoroughly discuss their phenomenology and data implications. We find that some models can alleviate the present discrepancy in the determination of the Hubble constant as inferred from the cosmic microwave background and as directly measured. This results in a statistically significant preference for the reconstructed theories over the standard cosmological model.
Aalborg Universitet Experimental Characterization of Millimeter-wave Indoor Propagation Channels at 28

The increasing requirement for the mobile data traffic accelerates the research of millimeterwave (mm-wave) for future wireless systems. Accurate characterization of the mm-wave propagation channel is fundamental and essential for the system design and performance evaluation. In this paper, we conducted measurement campaigns in various indoor scenarios, including classroom, office, and hall scenarios, at the frequency bands of 27–29 GHz. The spatial channel characteristics were recorded by using a large-scale uniform circular array. A high-resolution parameter estimation algorithm was applied to estimate the mm-wave spherical propagation parameters, i.e., the azimuth angle, elevation angle, delay, source distance, and complex amplitude of multipath components. With the same measurement system, the channel parameters including decay factor, delay spread, angular spread, and line of sight power ratio are investigated thoroughly in individual indoor scenarios and compared in different indoor scenarios. Furthermore, the impact of the furniture richness level and indoor geometry on the propagation parameters are also investigated. INDEX TERMS Decay factor, delay spread, angular spread, LOS power ratio, millimeter-wave, channel sounding.
Serving an ageing population: collaboration is key

ABSTRACT As US society ages, pressures on local government planning and service delivery increase. We conducted a national survey of 1474 US local governments in 2013 to measure the range of services local governments provide and how these relate to local planning processes, public engagement and local government attitudes and motivators. We differentiate measures of public engagement and cross-agency collaboration, and control for built environment, demographic structure, socio-economics and metro status to explain what differentiates communities that provide more services. Our regression models find communities with more cross-agency collaboration (for service delivery, information and trust) and more engagement of older adults and families with children, provide more services to meet their needs. Capacity constraints do not differentiate level of service delivery. Local governments with conservative councils provide fewer services for children and seniors. Communities with increasing senior populations, and suburbs with increasing child populations provide fewer services targeted to their needs.
1 UPSCALING ELECTROKINETIC TRANSPORT IN CLAYS 1 WITH LATTICE BOLTZMANN AND PORE NETWORK MODELS 2 3

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Upscaling electrokinetic transport in clays with lattice Boltzmann and Pore Network Models Amaël Obliger, Marie Jardat, Daniel Coelho, Samir Bekri, Benjamin Rotenberg
Downregulation of NKD 1 in human osteosarcoma and its clinical significance

Naked cuticle homolog 1 (NKD1), a negative modulator of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, is expressed in multiple normal tissues. However, there is little information regarding NKD1 expression in osteosarcoma. The aim of the present study was to explore the expression and clinicopathological significance of NKD1 in human osteosarcoma. In the present study, NKD1 protein and mRNA expression levels were detected by western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The results revealed that NKD1 expression levels were significantly lower in osteosarcoma tissues compared with normal bone tissue, and were significantly lower in patients with lung metastasis compared with patients without lung metastasis. In addition, with increasing Enneking stage, the NKD1 expression levels decreased. These data indicated that reduction of NKD1 may be associated with carcinogenesis, lung metastasis and Enneking stage in osteosarcoma. This interpretation is consistent with the results obtained from experiments on MG63 osteosarcoma cells in vitro. In order to explore the function of NKD1 in osteosarcoma, the expression of NKD1 in the human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line was upregulated by transfection with an adenovirus containing an NKD1 vector. The results revealed that upregulation of NKD1 expression reduced the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting expression of β-catenin, cyclin D1 and MMP-9 protein. These data suggested that the downregulation of NKD1 may be involved in the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells through the activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, and it may be a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for patients with osteosarcoma.
A Hybrid Vision-Map Method for Urban Road Detection

A hybrid vision-map system is presented to solve the road detection problem in urban scenarios. The standardized use of machine learning techniques in classification problems has been merged with digital navigation map information to increase system robustness. The objective of this paper is to create a new environment perception method to detect the road in urban environments, fusing stereo vision with digital maps by detecting road appearance and road limits such as lane markings or curbs. Deep learning approaches make the system hard-coupled to the training set. Even though our approach is based on machine learning techniques, the features are calculated from different sources (GPS, map, curbs, etc.), making our system less dependent on the training set.
Effect of sesame cake supplementation on feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and carcass parameters in the ration of sheep fed on wheat bran and teff (Eragrostis teff) straw.

Twenty-five yearling growing intact sheep were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments and five replications. The experimental animals were supplied teff straw as basal ration. Different levels of sesame cake were supplemented in various treatment groups i.e. T1 (150 gm wheat bran, 0 gm sesame seed cake DM/day) being control group, T2 (150 gm wheat bran, 150 gm sesame seed cake DM/day), T3 (150 gm wheat bran, 200 gm sesame seed cake DM/day), T4 (150 gm wheat bran, 250 gm sesame seed cake DM/day) and T5 (150 gm wheat bran, 300 gm sesame seed cake DM/day). The experiment was conducted for 90 day of feeding trial and 7 days of digestibility trial. There was significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in total dry matter intake (TDMI), total organic matter intake (Total OMI) and total crude protein intake (Total CPI) with increase in level of supplementation. There was significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) crude protein (CP) content in the feces of the control group as compared to the different of level sesame seed cake supplemented groups. There was significant difference in DM, OM and CP (p ≤ 0.05) digestibility between supplemented and control groups. The control treatment had significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) feed conversion ratio than the supplemented treatments and lower (p ≤ 0.05) feed conversion efficiency as compared to the highest level sesame seed cake supplemented group (T5). Higher (p ≤ 0.05) average daily body weight was gained in sheep supplemented with highest level (T5) of sesame seed cake group than the other supplemented groups and the control treatment. There was increasing trend of body weight gain from control to higher level of supplementation i.e. T1 (7.8), T2 (60.0), T3 (63.2), T4 (72.8) and T5 (77.8). There was increasing trend of slaughter weight (SW), empty body weight (EBW), hot carcass weight (HCW), dressing percentage on slaughter weight base and empty body weight base and rib-eye area with increase in supplementation of sesame seed cake being higher (p≤0.05) value for T5 followed by T4, T3, T2 and T1. The size of heart, liver with gallbladder, reticulo-rumen, small intestine, total fat, tail, kidney and total edible organic component (TEOC) were significantly (p≤0.05) affected by supplementation. Sheep supplemented with sesame seed cake had significantly higher (p≤0.05) visceral fat, and tail than the control treatments. There was a significant difference (p≤0.05) due to supplementation on blood, spleen and pancreas, skin, testicle and penis, feet, head without tongue and total non-edible offal component (TNEOC%). The results of the present study showed that supplementation of 300gDM level of sesame seed cake (T5) increased body weight gain and enhanced carcass parameters which is potentially more beneficial and economically feasible than the other levels of supplements and the control group. Strategic feeding with locally available feed resources will improve efficient use of nutrients by sheep.
Procedural Vessel Hull Generation Version of February 2 , 2015

Simulations in 3-D virtual worlds are more and more applied to several domains, as it creates numerous potential opportunities and it reduces resources, costs and risks. Due to this growing phenomenon, 3-D content generation is an uprising topic. Procedural Modelling techniques are proven to be useful for this purpose. This paper contributes to a novel, compact solution that describes the complex progression of vessel hulls by means of a parametric model. Furthermore, this solution includes controllability and serves the plausibility requirement. Our model achieves a significant level of diversity and scalability. This method consists of an off-line training and on-line generation approach and is therefore applicable for on-the-fly vessel hull generation. Based on an elaborated validation research, we found that our method is capable of generating plausible vessel hull instances with reasonable detail within 5 milliseconds a piece. We also developed an mixed-initiative interface to manipulate vessel hulls by hand. The implementation of our model is elaborated in Appendix C. Moreover, we extended our research on hull generation to complete vessel generation. Some preliminary work on that is presented in Appendix D.
Photonic Floquet topological insulators in atomic ensembles

The feasibility of realizing a photonic Floquet topological insulator (PFTI) in an atomic ensemble is demonstrated. The interference of three coupling fields will split energy levels periodically, to form a periodic refractive index structure with honeycomb profile that can be adjusted by different frequency detunings and intensities of the coupling fields. This in turn will affect the appearance of Dirac cones in momentum space. When the honeycomb lattice sites are helically ordered along the propagation direction, gaps open at Dirac points, and one obtains a PFTI in an atomic vapor. An obliquely incident beam will be able to move along the zigzag edge of the lattice without scattering energy into the PFTI, due to the confinement of edge states. The appearance of Dirac cones and the formation of a photonic Floquet topological insulator can be shut down by the third‐order nonlinear susceptibility and opened up by the fifth‐order one.
Comparing Two Ways to Manage Asthma in African American Children—The ASIST Study

4 BACKGROUND . 6 Intermittent, Symptom-based Use of Inhaled Corticosteroid . 6 Figure 1. Time to first treatment failure in BASALT (Best Adjustment Strategy for Asthma in Long Term) studya . 7 Figure 2. Annualized rate of severe exacerbation and time to first severe exacerbationa . 9 Rationale for Choosing SBA of ICS as the Intervention for Our Study . 9 Potential Benefit of SBA in African American Children. 10 Project Structure and Aims . 11 PATIENT AND STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT . 12 Table 1. Summary of Stakeholder Engagement . 12 Study Advisory Board . 12 Engagement of Asthma Coaches . 14 Engagement of Participating Providers . 15 Engagement of Patients and Caregivers . 15 Washington University Community Engagement Research Community Advisory Board . 15 AIM 1 . 16 Methods . 16 Results . 17 Table 2. Characteristics of Caregivers and Their Children in the Focus Group . 18 Table 3. Provider Characteristics . 20 Caregiver and Provider Perception of SBA . 21 AIM 2 . 22 Methods . 22 Table 4. Self-reported Adherence and Sense of Self-managementa . 30 Results . 36 Figure 3. Flow of study participants . 37 Table 5. Demographics and Characteristics of Study Participants at Entry . 38 Figure 4. ACT and cACT scores at each visit . 40 Table 6. ACT/cACT Change From Baseline to 12 Months . 42 Table 7. Proportion of Exacerbation in Each Arm. 42
Advanced Variable Step Size Incremental Conductance MPPT for a Standalone PV System Utilizing a GA-Tuned PID Controller

In this article, a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller for the fast-changing irradiance of photovoltaic (PV) systems is introduced. Our technique utilizes a modified incremental conductance (IC) algorithm for the efficient and fast tracking of MPP. The proposed system has a simple implementation, fast tracking, and achieved steady-state oscillation. Traditional MPPT techniques use a tradeoff between steady-state and transition-state parameters. The shortfalls of various techniques are studied. A comprehensive comparative study is done to test various existing techniques against the proposed technique. The common parameters discussed in this study are fast convergence, efficiency, and reduced oscillations. The proposed method successfully addresses these issues and improves the results significantly by using a proportional integral deferential (PID) controller with a genetic algorithm (GA) to predict the variable step size of the IC-based MPPT technique. The system is designed and tested against the perturbation and observation (P&O)-based MPPT technique. Our technique effectively detects global maxima (GM) for fast-changing irradiance due to the adopted GA-based tuning of the controller. A comparative analysis of the results proves the superior performance and capabilities to track GM in fewer iterations.
Pension Deficits and Corporate Financial Policy: Does Accounting Transparency Matter?

Abstract We study changes in financial policies following a regulatory shock to the accounting transparency of defined benefit pension plans. We estimate the hidden pension deficits of French companies subject to mandatory IAS 19 adoption in 2005 using disclosures of early adopters of IAS 19. We find that financially risky companies reporting unexpectedly high pension deficits on first-time IAS 19 adoption subsequently reduce leverage and incur higher cost of debt. Our results suggest that in the absence of transparency the credit market anticipates off-balance sheet pension deficits. However, the introduction of the more transparent IAS 19 regime allows the credit market to correct estimation errors. Our study is one of the first to show that the greater transparency offered by IFRS has negative economic consequences for some companies.
Robust residual‐ and recovery‐based a posteriori error estimators for interface problems with flux jumps

For elliptic interface problems with flux jumps, this article studies robust residual‐ and recovery‐based a posteriori error estimators for the conforming finite element approximation. The residual estimator is a natural extension of that developed in [Bernardi and Verfürth, Numer Math 85 (2000), 579–608; Petzoldt, Adv Comp Math 16 (2002), 47–75], and the recovery estimator is a nontrivial extension of our method developed in Cai and Zhang, SIAM J Numer Anal 47 (2009) 2132–2156. It is shown theoretically that reliability and efficiency bounds of these error estimators are independent of the jumps provided that the distribution of the coefficients is locally monotone. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 28:476–491, 2012
Stable isotopes demonstrate intraspecific variation in habitat use and trophic level of non‐breeding albatrosses

The non‐breeding period is critical for restoration of body condition and self‐maintenance in albatrosses, yet detailed information on diet and distribution during this stage of the annual cycle is lacking for many species. Here, we use stable isotope values of body feathers (δ13C, δ15N) to infer habitat use and trophic level of non‐breeding adult Grey‐headed Albatrosses Thalassarche chrysostoma (n = 194) from South Georgia. Specifically, we: (i) investigate intrinsic drivers (sex, age, previous breeding outcome) of variation in habitat use and trophic level; (ii) quantify variation among feathers of the same birds; and (iii) examine potential carry‐over effects of habitat use and trophic level during the non‐breeding period on subsequent breeding outcome. In agreement with previous tracking studies, δ13C values of individual feathers indicate that non‐breeding Grey‐headed Albatrosses from South Georgia foraged across a range of oceanic habitats, but mostly in subantarctic waters, between the Antarctic Polar Front and Subtropical Front. Sex differences were subtle but statistically significant, and overlap in the core isotopic niche areas was high (62%); however, males exhibited slightly lower δ13C and higher δ15N values than females, indicating that males forage at higher latitudes and at a higher trophic level. Neither age nor previous breeding outcome influenced stable isotope values, and we found no evidence of carry‐over effects of non‐breeding habitat use or trophic level on subsequent breeding outcome. Repeatability among feathers of the same individual was moderate in δ13C and low in δ15N. This cross‐sectional study demonstrates high variability in the foraging and migration strategies of this albatross population.
Cycles in Emergency Admissions : Supplement Dr Rod

Part one of this series discussed how the more widely recognised factors such as an ageing population and re-admissions contribute to a baseline increase in emergency admissions. Short stay admissions (mainly zero day stay) account for the bulk of the increase. At first glance most diagnoses appear to show a roughly linear trend over time. However, these are unable to explain the observed cyclical events occurring about every 4–6 years in medicine, and even longer cycles in surgical and trauma admissions. Part three investigates the implications for bed planning. The current methods for estimating the size of hospitals and bed pools are shown to be inappropriate to the needs of acute emergency care.
Optimisation of metabarcoding for monitoring marine macrobenthos: primer choice and morphological traits determine species detection in bulkDNA and eDNA from the ethanol preservative

DNA metabarcoding is a promising method to increase cost and time efficiency of marine monitoring, providing that the impact of methodological choices on the reliability and reproducibility of results are well understood. Here, we investigated the impact of primer choice, DNA source (bulk DNA or eDNA from the ethanol preservative) and morphological traits (body size and body skeleton) on species detection in four distinct macrobenthos communities from the North Sea. We generated a reference database with COI sequences for macrobenthos from the North sea and applied DNA metabarcoding using five COI primer sets. At most 22% of the ASVs were assigned taxonomy at the phylum level, despite the availability of a nearly complete reference database. However, the unassigned ASVs represented only a small fraction of the total reads (13%). The Leray primer set outperformed the four other primer sets in the number of non-chimeric reads and species detected, and in the recovery of beta diversity patterns. Community composition differed significantly between bulk DNA and eDNA samples, but both sample types were able to differentiate the four communities. Importantly, the probability of detecting a species in the eDNA from the ethanol preservative was significantly lower than for bulk DNA for macrobenthos species with small to medium body size and for species with chitine or CaCO3 in their skeleton. Detection in the bulk DNA samples was not affected by the traits investigated, indicating that monitoring of macrobenthos species will be most robust when using bulk DNA as template for metabarcoding.