Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Ecology and Human Dimensions for Predictive Management of Bighead and Silver Carp in the United States

Prolific non-native organisms pose serious threats to ecosystems and economies worldwide. Nonnative bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (H. molitrix), collectively referred to as Asian carps, continue to colonize aquatic ecosystems throughout the central United States. These species are r-selected, exhibiting iteroparous spawning, rapid growth, broad environmental tolerance, high density, and long-distance movement. Hydrological, thermal, and physicochemical conditions are favorable for establishment beyond the current range, rendering containment and control imperative. Ecological approaches to confine Asian carp populations and prevent colonization characterize contemporary management in the United States. Foraging and reproduction of Asian carps govern habitat selection and movement, providing valuable insight for predictive control. Current management approaches are progressive and often anticipatory but deficient in human dimensions. We define predictive management of Asian carps as synthesis of ecology and human dimensions at regional and local scales to develop strategies for containment and control. We illustrate predictive management in the Upper Mississippi River System and suggest resource managers integrate predictive models, containment paradigms, and human dimensions to design effective, socially acceptable management strategies. Through continued research, university-agency collaboration, and public engagement, predictive management of Asian carps is an auspicious paradigm for preventing and alleviating consequences of colonization in the United States.
Phenotypic plasticity in a generalist insect herbivore with the combined use of direct and indirect cues

Ultimate causes of phenotypic plasticity in visual appearance are frequently related to increasing the degree of crypsis in a way specifi c to the environment. Th e cues used to elicit such plastic responses may be both direct (i.e. straightforward background matching) as well as indirect. In the latter case, cues other than the visual signals from of the environment are used to predict the phenotype best corresponding to the particular situation. On the basis of a series of laboratory experiments we show that the remarkable variability in the visual appearance of the larvae of the geometrid moth Ematurga atomaria , though genetically based in part, involves a substantial environmental component. Using multiple correspondence analysis, we transformed the multidimensional variation in colour and pattern into two dimensions interpretable as patterning and darkness. Plastic changes in the darkness of the larvae were elicited by direct cues: the larvae were darker when reared on dark host-plants. Host-specifi c degree of patterning was also induced in absolute darkness which indicates the use of an indirect cue. Th is was unexpected because the study species is broadly polyphagous, and thus not likely to have evolved adaptations specifi c to particular host-plant species. Indeed, the larvae of E. atomaria originating from geographic populations using diff erent host-plants showed analogous plastic responses which indicates that the link between the indirect cue and visual appearance of the host needs not to be specifi c to plant species. In an additional experiment, we showed that surface roughness is a likely candidate to serve as the proximate cue for determination of some pattern elements, a case not reported for insect larvae earlier.
Overwinter survival, energy storage and reproductive allocation in the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) from a river system

The dynamic nature of population density during the invasion process may compromise how a population is able to cope with challenging environmental conditions within their non-native range. In temperate regions, one of the greatest seasonal environmental challenges is winter. We assess overwinter survival, changes in body condition and lipid content, and reproductive allocation of round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) from the point of introduction and the leading edges of an expanding invasive population in a tributary of Lake Ontario. Autumn lipid content was highest in round goby from the downstream edge and lowest at the centre of the invasive range, likely due to lower population density and reduced intraspecific resource competition at the expanding edges of its distribution. After 142 days of starvation under simulated winter conditions, round goby exhibited 96% survival. Despite the extended starvation period, the majority of females were able to allocate energy into ovarian development, with 60% of females having a gonadosomatic index of >5% at the end of the overwintering period. Individuals originating from the downstream edge allocated significantly more energy towards reproduction compared with individuals from the upstream and centre locations. The results suggest that the position within an expanding invasive range can influence the autumn energy content and consequently the reproductive effort of round goby in early spring. High overwinter survival and greater allocation of energy to reproduction at the expanding edge of an invasion may contribute to the highly successful expansion of the round goby in the Great Lakes Basin.
Bird diversity of Bigeum-do and Docho-do Islands in Sinan-gun, Korea

Survey results performed in June and September 2011 of Bigeum and Docho islands showed 3,828 individuals in 84 species of birds to understand bird diversity of the two islands through joint ecological surveys by Korean Biodiversity Consortium. Dominant species consist of 716 Hirundo rustica (18.70%), 707 Passer montanus (18.47%), 335 Charadrius alexandrinus (8.75%) and 197 Egretta alba modesta (5.15%). By months, 1,899 individuals of 58 species and 1,989 species of 62 species were discovered in June and September, respectively. However, the frequencies do not show much difference. Diversity and abundance of species are 3.07 and 10.06, respectively.
Complex mutation at a microsatellite locus in sturgeons: Acipenser sinensis, A-schrenckii, A-gueldenstaedtii and A-baerii

Cross-species amplifications of microsatellite locus Spl-106, which was originally screened from the genome of shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) with a perfect TAGA repeat motif, were carried out in four other species of the genera Acipenser. A total of 34 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products representing 16 different alleles of this locus was sequenced. Sequence analysis results showed that besides the number changes of repeat units, many mutational events, such as single-base substitutions and various insertion/deletion (indels) occurred not only at species level but also at individual level, even among the different alleles within the same individual. The repeat motifs varied from perfect (TAGA)n array to perfect compound (TAAA)m (GAAA)n and perfect or imperfect compound (TAAA)m (TAGA)n (TAAA)x arrays in different species and different individuals. The evolution dynamics of this locus in sturgeons was inferred in that it may evolve from a single perfect to different perfect or imperfect compounds.
A Review of the Eurasian fossil species of the bee Apis

Fossil Apis species from the Oligocene, Miocene and Plio‐Pleistocene of Eurasia are described and their relationships with Recent species are discussed. Several new populations of fossil bees are reported from the Oligocene and Miocene of France and Spain, including Apis aquisextusensis sp. nov. The present state of knowledge of fossil bee systematics is poor because of the general lack of preserved characters. Some of the problems, and items requiring further investigation, are identified.
ParaCrawl: Web-Scale Acquisition of Parallel Corpora

We report on methods to create the largest publicly available parallel corpora by crawling the web, using open source software. We empirically compare alternative methods and publish benchmark data sets for sentence alignment and sentence pair filtering. We also describe the parallel corpora released and evaluate their quality and their usefulness to create machine translation systems.
Public Perceptions of Online Learning in Developing Countries: A Study Using The ELK Stack for Sentiment Analysis on Twitter

This study explores public perceptions toward online learning application in Indonesia. Many studies about online learning were done in developed countries and only a few in developing countries. Moreover, these studies used a qualitative approach which limits the results to be applied in different settings. While traditional research using a survey to understand people's perception towards an entity requires a lot of time and efforts; we used efficient and effective manners to gather opinions and then analysed its sentiments using the Logstash, Kibana and Python programming language stack (ELK) stack and Naïve Bayes algorithm. We used Naïve Bayes algorithm for sentiment analysis and ELK stack for storing & gathering tweets from Twitter. With ELK stack, we successfully collected 133.477 tweets related to online learning. From this study, we understood what kind of words that are sentimentally positive and negative tweets. We also gained some insights regarding Indonesia’s student online learning application preferences.
Guide Me in Analysis: A Framework for Guidance Designers

Guidance is an emerging topic in the field of visual analytics. Guidance can support users in pursuing their analytical goals more efficiently and help in making the analysis successful. However, it is not clear how guidance approaches should be designed and what specific factors should be considered for effective support. In this paper, we approach this problem from the perspective of guidance designers. We present a framework comprising requirements and a set of specific phases designers should go through when designing guidance for visual analytics. We relate this process with a set of quality criteria we aim to support with our framework, that are necessary for obtaining a suitable and effective guidance solution. To demonstrate the practical usability of our methodology, we apply our framework to the design of guidance in three analysis scenarios and a design walk‐through session. Moreover, we list the emerging challenges and report how the framework can be used to design guidance solutions that mitigate these issues.
THE PRIVACY OF INFORMATION IN CLOUD COMPUTING

This paper presents a literature review about the privacy of information in the cloud computing systems. A simple click after a cloud computing subscription can risk privacy of information. It is advised that the organization develops a cloud computing agreement with the cloud services provider, and with possible third parties. A list of theoretical principles is given to create cloud computing agreements, which must be based primarily on trust. The main contribution of this paper is to exhibit, based on an exhaustive theoretical review, a model for negotiation and agreement between the organization and the cloud computing services provider to comply with privacy of information in the cloud computing environment.
Changes in turbulent mixing shift competition for light between phytoplankton species

The intriguing impact of physical mixing processes on species interactions has always fascinated ecologists. Here, we exploit recent advances in plankton models to develop competition theory that predicts how changes in turbulent mixing affect competition for light between buoyant and sinking phytoplankton species. We compared the model predictions with a lake experiment, in which the turbulence structure of the entire lake was manipulated using artificial mixing. Vertical eddy diffusivities were calculated from the measured temperature microstructure in the lake. Changes in turbulent mixing of the lake caused a dramatic shift in phytoplankton species composition, consistent with the predictions of the competition model. The buoyant and potentially toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis dominated at low turbulent diffusivity, whereas sinking diatoms and green algae dominated at high turbulent diffusivity. These findings warn that changes in the turbulence structure of natural waters, for instance driven by climate change, may induce major shifts in the species composition of phytoplankton communities.
Host specificity, pathogenicity and the presence of virulence genes in Iranian strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae from different hosts

Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss) strains were isolated from almond, apricot, peach, pear, sweet cheery and wheat in Kohgiluye and Boyer-Ahmad, Kordestan, Fras and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces of Iran. The strains were examined for host specificity, the presence of virulence genes and pathogenicity on different hosts. After inoculation of isolates, in compatible reactions bacterial populations increased within six days of inoculation and final cell numbers increased several-fold over initial inoculum levels, but in incompatible reactions, bacterial populations declined within four days of inoculation. Almond, sweet cherry and wheat isolates induced progressive necrotic symptoms on almond leaves and stems. Apricot, peach and sweet cherry isolates induced necrotic lesions when inoculated on apricot leaves. On pear leaves and stems, only the pear isolate incited pathogenic reaction and isolates from other hosts did not. The syrB gene was detected in all of the tested isolates. Almond and pear isolates did not have the syrD gene. The sypA gene was detected in the almond, peach, pear and sweet cherry isolates while the sypB gene was detected in the apricot, peach, sweet cherry and wheat isolates. Almond, apricot, pear and wheat isolates gave negative results for the detection of nit gene. The gene Ach, was detected only in the peach isolate and gene hrmA, was detected only in the wheat isolate. This study indicates that host specificity exists among different Pss strains, and genes responsible for syringomycin and syringopeptin production contribute to the virulence of Pss strains.
Study on ruminal degradability of Mulberry leaf pellets (MUP) using nylon bag technique

Degradation characteristics of three feedstuffs were studied using the nylon bag technique. Nylon bags technique were conducted in two rumen fistulated Brahman-Thai native crossbred steers. They were offered rice straw ad libitum and received concentrate at 0.5% BW. Nylon bags containing 5.0g of each feedstuff were suspended in duplicate at each time period in the rumen of each steer for 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72h. The data were fitted to the equation P = a + b (1e) and effective degradability were calculated using a theoretical rumen out flow rate of k = 0.05/h. The treatments were 1) mulberry leaf, 2) mulberry leaf pellets with 5% urea (MUP5) and mulberry leaf pellets with 10% urea (MUP10) assigned according to a completely randomized design with two replications. The results indicated that the rapidly soluble fraction (a), the insoluble degradable fraction (b) of DM, OM, CP were different among treatments (P<0.05). The degradation rate (c) and potential degradation (a + b) and the effective degradability of DM, OM, CP were different between mulberry pellets and mulberry leaf (P< 0.05). Therefore, mulberry leaf pellets, especially MUP10 could be used efficiency in the rumen.
Multiple Suggestions for Interactive SDE Estimation

: We are developing educational software to estimate the parameters of stochastic differential equations (SDE) using a single set of time series data. Our target equation is a linear SDE with constant coefficients, which is determined by four real parameters. In our previous version, for a single set of data, we obtained a single set of estimated parameters and suggestions to change them. In this study, we propose a method to give several sets of estimated parameters, assuming several situations for the first estimation. Then, we will be able to find a closer set of parameters, and the interactive estimation will be improved.
Utilization of family planning Methods in Kabul

Background: Aim of the current study is to find out the prevalence rate of family planning users in 6 districts in (Kabul province) and factors associated with low utilization of family planning methods. And also to find out what percentage of women at reproductive age (15-49 years) using Family planning methods and to identify the passable barriers to wards utilization of the FP at targeted area . Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in 6 districts (4, 6, 8, 12, 13, 16) of Kabul city and 360 married women aged between 15-49 years were included in this study. Along with the socio demographic characteristics of the women, their knowledge, attitude and practices on contraception were evaluated with the help of predesigned questionnaire. Results: It was observed that out of 360 women, majority of them had the knowledge about family planning methods 326 ( 90%), and 263(73%) were currently using modern family planning methods. Intra Uterine device was commonly used among the participants 74(28%) followed by condom and OCP. None of the participants reported of any permanent methods if they have used. The main source of obtaining contraceptives has been reported by the participants to be pharmacies followed by Government and Marie Stopes Clinics. Husband’s opposition is one of the main reason behind women not using any contraceptive methods. Conclusions: In spite of having good knowledge about family planning methods & positive attitude there are some factors like desire for large family, pressure from husband, religious concern etc, lead to non-use of contraceptives. So this is important to improve educational status of the female and their husbands to overcome these barriers and increase the uptake of modern contraceptive methods.
Video Data Retrieval using Image Color Histogram Technique

In this paper, a subspace-based multimedia datamining framework is proposed for video semantic analysis; specifically Current content management systems support retrieval using low-level features, such as motion, color, and texture. The proposed frameworks achieves full automation via a knowledge-based video indexing and retrieve an appropriate result, and replace a presented object with the retrieval result in real time. Along with this indexing mechanism a histogrambased color descriptors also introduced to reliably capture and represent the color properties of multiple images. Including of this a classification approach is also carried out by the classified associations and by assigning, each of them with a class label, and uses their appearances in the video to construct video indices. Our experimental results demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach.
Vibrational spectroscopic characterization of tuibur: an indigenous nicotine delivery medium

It is estimated that the use consumption of tobacco in diverse forms leading to is one of the important causative factors of avoidable yet ever increasing cancer death burden globally every year, with a majority occurring in Asia. Owing to the considerable difference in the patterns of usage of various categories of smokeless tobacco products (STP), it is possible that a broad range of toxicant content exposure among STP users. Habitual consumption of tuibur, a peculiar form of tobacco smoke infused saturated aqueous solution is presumed as one of the “safe” nicotine delivery medium. When commercially Commercially available tuibur sample was collected and subjected to the vibrational spectral study, it has revealed the molecular vibrational frequencies corresponding to various functional groups of different chemical constituents present in tuibur.
What is the Vocabulary of Flaky Tests?

Flaky tests are tests whose outcomes are non-deterministic. Despite the recent research activity on this topic, no effort has been made on understanding the vocabulary of flaky tests. This work proposes to automatically classify tests as flaky or not based on their vocabulary. Static classification of flaky tests is important, for example, to detect the introduction of flaky tests and to search for flaky tests after they are introduced in regression test suites. We evaluated performance of various machine learning algorithms to solve this problem. We constructed a data set of flaky and non-flaky tests by running every test case, in a set of 64k tests, 100 times (6.4 million test executions). We then used machine learning techniques on the resulting data set to predict which tests are flaky from their source code. Based on features, such as counting stemmed tokens extracted from source code identifiers, we achieved an F-measure of 0.95 for the identification of flaky tests. The best prediction performance was obtained when using Random Forest and Support Vector Machines. In terms of the code identifiers that are most strongly associated with test flakiness, we noted that job, action, and services are commonly associated with flaky tests. Overall, our results provides initial yet strong evidence that static detection of flaky tests is effective.
In silico characterization of human cytochrome P450 monooxygenases

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) represent a large group and diverse family of enzymes involved in the myriad of biological processes in humans. In the present study, a total of 57 protein sequences of human CYPs retrieved from UniprotKB have been characterized for various physiochemical properties, homology search, motif and super family search and phylogenetic relationship. Physicochemical analysis showed that the isoelectric point values and GRAVY index ranged from 5.84 to 9.47 and 0.018 to -0.367, respectively. Many proteins (50 members, 87.8%) were in basic form, while few (7 members, 12.2%) were of acidic nature. Moreover, GRAVY index revealed that only CYP26C1 as hydrophobic while all others as hydrophilic. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that P450 proteins basically fall into two main clades and are divided into five subgroups. Motif analysis with MEME indicated presence, absence and even shuffling of motifs within clades. Clustering using the maximum likelihood analysis was also in accordance with P450s central roles in drug and xenobiotic metabolism as well as steroid hormone synthesis, fat-soluble vitamin metabolism, and the conversion of polyunsaturated fatty acids to biologically active molecules. Motif conservation within clusters showed the evolutionary pressure for maintenance of the structural and functional organization between different groups of protein. These results will help in the context of understanding the characteristics of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase isoforms.
Bamboo and rattan products and trade

Forest cover in most of the developed countries has stabilized and tends to grow increasing quality and growing stock. The situation in most of the developing countries is just opposite. Population pressure, growing agriculture, shifting cultivation, widespread use of wood for fuel, inefficient processing and the economic development agenda cause forest devastation and desertification in the developing world. In the meantime, most of the developing countries in tropical and subtropical areas have a good option to partly substitute timber for alternatives such as bamboo and rattan. Recent statistical trends reveal a changing paradigm of bamboo and rattan management and use.