Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CFD investigation of the effect of manifold and microchannel ratio on the hydrodynamic performance of microchannel heat sink

Flow distribution of working fluid greatly affects the performance of microchannel heat sinks (MCHSs). Uniform flow distribution prevents the development of hot spots and dead zones. Major parameters that govern the flow distribution in MCHSs are manifold and microchannel geometry. Many studies involved complicated manifold designs or novel approaches which may not be easily incorporated. Also, many researchers have examined various microchannel geometrical parameters. However, simultaneous alterations of more than one parameter is scarce. The present study focuses on the effect of simple manifold layouts, namely rectangular manifold (Rect_MCHS), circular manifold (Circ_MCHS), and triangular manifold (Tria_MCHS), and microchannel geometry, defined by microchannel ratio, a ratio of microchannel width to microchannel spacing, on the hydrodynamic performance of MCHSs using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD). The hydrodynamic performance of MCHSs was evaluated in terms of pressure drop, velocity distribution, and coefficient of flow nonuniformity. Results showed that higher inlet flow rates and smaller microchannel ratios produced better flow distribution performance in which the latter has a higher positive impact on the hydrodynamic performance of MCHSs. Smaller microchannel ratio designs have larger microchannel spacing which served as a barrier to create flow dispersion effect. This effect was further amplified at higher inlet flow rates. Generally, Rect_MCHSs produced the best hydrodynamic performance. Furthermore, variation in temperature showed negligible impact on the hydrodynamic performance of MCHSs, compared to inlet flow rate and microchannel ratio. This suggests that studies which concern with flow distribution performance could be conducted without the energy aspect to reduce computational time.
Separated Feature Learning for Music Composition Using Memory-Based Neural Networks

Using algorithms to compose creative and pleasing music has been an ambitious research goal since the 1950s. This trend continues to this day with the help of widely accessible, highly sophisticated music research tools created by big companies, such as Google’s Magenta . Due to the sequential nature of musical pieces, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), as well as advanced variants such as Long-Short Term Memory networks (LSTMs), have been successfully employed for this purpose. Music scores data is made up of features like duration, pitch, rhythm, chords, etc. As more music features are integrated into the composition process, the space of encodings required to represent possible feature combinations grows significantly, making the process computationally infeasible. This consideration becomes of huge significance in situations with polyphonic pieces, where additional features such as harmonies and multiple voices are present. With an emphasis on efficiency without sacrificing quality, this research aims to further demonstrate the effectiveness of LSTMs for automated music generation by learning from existing music scores data. More specifically, we show that training separated models to learn individual music features and combining results to generate new music is, overall, superior to the common practice of learning resource-intensive complex models that simultaneously incorporate multiple desired features.
a Numerical Analysis of Effect of Leading-Edge Rotating Cylinder on NACA0021 Symmetric

 Abstract —The moving surface boundary control (MSBC) has been a Centre stage study for last 2-3 decades. The preliminary aim of the study was to ascertain whether the concept can improve the airfoil characteristics. Number of experimental and numerical studies pointed out that the MSBC can superiorly enhance the airfoil performance albeit for higher velocity ratios (i.e. cylinder tangential velocity to free stream velocity). Although abundant research has been undertaken in this area on different airfoil performances but no attempt was seen to study effect of MSBC on NACA0021 airfoil for and also effects of lower velocity ratios. Thus, present paper focusses on numerical study of modified NACA 0021 airfoil with leading edge rotating cylinder for velocity ratios (i.e.) between 1 to 1.78 at different angles of attack. The numerical study indicates that the modified airfoil possesses better aerodynamic performance than the base airfoil even at lower velocity ratios (i.e. for velocity ratios 0.356 and beyond). The study also focusses on reason for improvement in aerodynamic performance by close look at various
Bundle-sheath cells are leaf "water valves" controlled via xylem acidification by H + -ATPase

Bundle-sheath cells (BSCs), parenchymatous cells tightly enwrapping the leaf veins, constitute selective and dynamic barrier to solutes and water. The over-three-fold-higher abundance of the AHA2 (Arabidopsis H + -ATPase 2) transcript we reported recently in the Arabidopsis BSCs (compared to mesophyll cells) suggested AHA2 participation in this barrier function. Manipulating AHA2 activity in BSCs pharmacologically and genetically while monitoring the xylem sap pH by fluorescence imaging of FITC-dextran fed into veins of detached leaves demonstrated AHA2 necessity for low sap pH. AHA2 activity or sap acidification by buffers enhanced the hydraulic leaf conductance, while alkaline sap pH – buffered or in AHA2 knockouts – reduced it. These results resolve the decades-lasting enigma about the molecular origin of xylem sap acidification and demonstrate AHA2 importance for controlling leaf water influx.
Agricultural and rural transformations in Asian development: Past trends and future challenges

: Over the past sixty years, most Asian countries have undergone relatively rapid agricultural transformations that helped jumpstart broader economic development. However, the changes have differed markedly in nature and speed across countries of the region. In much of East and Southeast Asia, the Green Revolution brought a quantum leap in yields of staple crops. Agricultural productivity growth facilitated labour exit and savings transfers, which helped jumpstart industrial growth and urbanization, which in turn induced deeper agrarian change and food system transformations. In South Asia, these transformative changes have lagged in part because of structural hurdles to agrarian change signalled by Gunnar Myrdal in his seminal book Asian Drama of 1968. More recently, South Asian economies also managed to overcome most of those obstacles, inducing accelerated growth of both agriculture and non-agricultural sectors. Vast challenges of still widespread poverty and food insecurity in this part of Asia remain. These challenges remain in a context of relatively advanced urbanization, strongly changed dietary patterns and agri-food systems, and pressing environmental constraints. Consequently, as this paper argues, moving forward, the role and nature of agricultural transformations and structural change in forging economic growth and poverty reduction in still disadvantaged regions of Asia will need to be different as well.
Phylogenetic relationships of the helical-shaped bacteria in a Proteobacteria inferred from 16S rDNA sequences

16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences from seven strains of Aquaspirillum peregrinum, Aqu. itersonii, Aqu. polymorphum, and Oceanospirillum pusillum were compared with homologous sequences from other members of helical-shaped bacteria. The bootstrapped neighbor-joining tree, inferred from 887 aligned sites, placed the spirillum taxa assigned to Aquaspirillum, Oceanospirillum, Azospirillum, Magnetospirillum, Rhodospirillum, and Rhodocista of the Proteobacteria in seven clusters of a Proteobacteria separately from other shapes of bacteria. Aqu. peregrinum and Aqu. itersonii grouped together in 88% bootstrap support. They were more related to Rhodospirillum rubrum and Rsp. photometricum than Aqu. polymorphum. Aqu. polymorphum was close to Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense, Mag. magnetotacticum, Rsp. fulvum, and Rsp. molischianum, and more close to Mag. gryphiswaldense. Oce. pusillum was not related to other spirillum taxa and was placed in a separate branch. Rhodocista was very closely related to Azospirillum. Photosynthesis and magnetotaxis, as phenotypic characters, were not important in the classification of helical bacteria.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WIRELESS INDOOR RADIO PROPAGATION MODELS USING ULTRA-WIDEBAND (UWB) TECHNOLOGY

Over the coming decades, high-definition situation ally-aware networks have the potential to create revolutionary applications in the social, scientific, commercial, and military sectors. Ultra wide bandwidth (UWB) technology is a viable candidate for enabling accurate localization capabilities through time-of-arrival (TOA)-based ranging techniques. It is difficult to model indoor mobile radio channel because the channel parameters varies significantly. The indoor radio channel depends heavily on factors which include building structure, layout of rooms, and the type of construction materials used. In order to understand the effects of these factors on electromagnetic wave propagation, it is necessary to recall the three basic mechanisms of electromagnetic wave propagation -- reflection, diffraction, and scattering. In this paper three types of indoor radio propagation models are analyzed at ultra wideband frequency range and results are compared to select best suitable model for setting up indoor wireless connectivity and nodes in typical office, business and college environments and WPAN applications.
DISCOVERING PERSONALIZED IMAGE EXPLORATION FROM THE SOCIAL SHARING WEBSITES

The increase of the Social Web emphasizes a fundamental renovation of the Web. In the progression of by means of these sites, users are generating not only content that could be of significance to other users, but also a great quantity of metadata which can be used to develop Web search and personalization. Search personalization has also been considered as a way to progress the quality of Web search by disambiguating query provisions based on user's browsing history or by eliminating irrelevant documents from search results. The user-specific information is measured to differentiate the accurate objectives of the user queries and re-rank the list results and it is regarded as both query relevance and user preference. In recent times, social explanation is employed for automatic evaluation of personalized search. An elementary supposition is that, the users' tagging performance reflects their individual consequence judgement. Photo sharing websites make use of a different tagging system that repetitive tags are not approved for unique images, in addition to the common noisy problem, it has more rigorous sparsity problem than other social tagging systems. A novel method named Ranking based Multi-correlation Tensor Factorization was introduced to better control the observed tagging information for users' annotation calculation and also to improve the sparsity and noisy difficulty. A User- specific Topic Modelling was introduced to map the query relevance and user preference into the same user- specific topic space.
TGF- b 3, but Not TGF- b 1, Protects Keratinocytes against 12- O -Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced Cell Death in Vitro and in Vivo *

We have examined the role that individual TGF- b isoforms, and in particular TGF- b 3, play in control of epidermal homeostasis. Mice with a knockout mutation of the TGF- b 3 gene die a few hours after birth. A full-thickness skin grafting approach was used to investigate the postnatal development and homeostatic control of the skin of these mice. Grafted skin of mice with a disruption of the TGF- b 3 gene developed similarly to grafts of wild type and TGF- b 1 knockout animals. How-ever, a strikingly different response was observed after acute treatment with the tumor promoter 12- O -tetradec-anoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). When exposed to TPA, the grafted skin of wild type and TGF- b 1 knockout mice underwent a hyperplastic response similar to that of normal mouse skin. In marked contrast, TPA treatment of TGF- b 3 knockout grafts induced widespread areas of keratinocyte cell death. Analysis of cultured keratinocytes treated with purified TGF- b isoforms revealed that TGF- b 3 plays a direct and specific function in protecting keratinocytes against TPA-induced cell death. The protective function of TGF- b 3 on TPA-induced cell death was not because of general suppression of the signaling pathways triggered by this agent, as ERK1/2 activation occurred to a similar if not greater Elk1 antibodies to detect the phosphorylated form of Elk1 at Ser-383. For JNK and ERK1/2 protein level determinations, total cell extracts were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immu- noblotting with rabbit polyclonal antibodies against JNK and ERK1/2, respectively (Santa Cruz Biotech., Inc.). In all cases, blots were devel- oped with the ECL system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech), and results were quantified by densitometric scanning.
Ultra Scale-Down Characterisation and Stability of Monoclonal Fusion Proteins Used to Treat Cancer

Monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins are increasingly being engineered to treat an extensive array of diseases including Alzheimer’s, Cancer and Parkinson’s. Characterisation at small scale is vital to ensure the product is not lost during large scale manufacture. Very high valued process material can be characterised in an Ultra Scale-Down (USD) shear device to identify ways to improve its large-scale bioprocessing. The device can be used to uncover parameters that degrade or protect the protein during the manufacturing of this biopharmaceutical. This article presents that the presence of shear and varying bioprocess conditions degrades a monoclonal fusion protein this degradation can be reduced by chemical protection. This work shows that USD studies can be used to uncover protective agents of a therapeutic used in cancer therapy, which may inform how to improve the large-scale productivity of monoclonal antibody fusion proteins. lines of best fit for a first order kinetic relationship to an equilibrium (non-zero value). All shear experiments were conducted at a constant temperature of 4°C. Degradation constants and final equilibrium values are reported in table 1.
Self-Diagnosis of the Systems with Intermittently Faulty Units

— System level diagnosis is an abstraction of high level and, thus, its practical implementation to particular cases of complex systems is the task which requires additional investigations, both theoretical and modeling. Traditionally, system self-diagnosis is used for detecting of permanently faulty nodes. In the paper, we consider the problems of intermittent fault detection and suggest diagnosis procedures which allow distinguishing between different types of intermittent faults. For each type of intermittent faults the diagnosis procedure was developed
OPTIMAL INVESTMENT AND BOUNDED RUIN PROBABILITY: CONSTANT PORTFOLIO STRATEGIES

We study the continuous-time portfolio optimization problem of an insurer. The wealth of the insurer is given by a classical risk process plus gains from trading in a risky asset, modelled by a geometric Brownian motion. The insurer is not only interested in maximizing the expected utility of wealth but is also concerned about the ruin probability. We thus investigate the problem of opti-mizing the expected utility for a bounded ruin probability. The corresponding optimal strategy in various special classes of possible investment strategies will be calculated. For means of comparison we also calculate the related mean-variance optimal strategies. Ruin
CHIP SCALE PACKAGED DIGITAL SILICON MICROPHONE, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

The technology and performance of Sonion’s digital silicon microphone DigiSiMic TM are presented. In general, the DigiSiMic consist of 3 silicon chips, a MEMS microphone-, a substrate- and an ASIC chip. Both, the ASIC and the microphone chip are flip-chip mounted onto the substrate using a chip to wafer process. This Chip Scale Package (CSP) assembly reduces the size to an absolute minimum of 3mm 3 , as further packaging is not necessary. The microphone chip is of the condenser type with a membrane diameter of about 1mm and a chip size of 1.55 x 1.55mm 2 . The silicon substrate provides the back volume for the microphone, electrical distribution of the microphone signal to the ASIC, and through wafer via for transferring the signals from the ASIC to the SMD pads on the back side of the substrate. The ASIC features an impedance converter, an amplifier, a 4 th order sigma-delta-converter, but also a voltage pump providing the bias voltage for the microphone. The DigiSiMic TM is designed mainly for handheld communication devices and has an overall equivalent acoustic input noise of 34dB A SPL. Due to its flat frequency response the DigiSiMic TM is highly suited for beam steering applications, also presented in this contribution.
Cloning and Characterization of the poiC Region of Bacillus subtilist

The poiC gene of Bacillus subtilis is defined by five temperature-sensitive mutations and the 6-(p-hydroxyphenylazo)-uracil (HPUra) resistance mutation azp-12. Biochemical evidence suggests that polC codes for the 160-kilodalton DNA polymerase III. A recombinant plasmid, p154t, was isolated and found to contain the azp-12 marker and one end of the poiC gene (N. C. Brown and M. H. Barnes, J. Cell. Biochem. 78[Suppl.]:116, 1983). The azp-12 marker was localized to a 1-kilobase DNA segment which was used as a probe to isolate recombinant lambda phages containing polC region sequences. A complete polC gene was constructed by in vitro ligation of DNA segments derived from two of the recombinant phages. The resulting plasmid, pRO10, directed the synthesis of four proteins of 160, 76, 39, and 32 kilodaltons in Escherichia coli maxicells. Recombination-deficient (recE) B. subtilis PSL1 containing pRO10 produced an HPUra-resistant polymerase Ill activity which was lost when the strain was cured of pRO10. In vivo, the HPUra resistance of the plasmid-encoded polymerase III appeared to be recessive to the resident HPUra-sensitive polymerase III enzyme. lysates coli subtilis-specific III we
Murine Laminin (cid:97) 3A and (cid:97) 3B Isoform Chains Are Generated by Usage of Two Promoters and Alternative Splicing*

We already identified two distinct laminin (cid:97) 3A and (cid:97) 3B chain isoforms which differ in their amino-terminal ends and display different tissue-specific expression patterns. In this study we have investigated whether these two different isoforms are products of the same laminin (cid:97) 3 ( lama3 ) gene and transcribed from one or two separate promoters. Genomic clones were isolated that encompass the sequences upstream to the 5 (cid:42) ends of both the (cid:97) 3A and the (cid:97) 3B cDNAs. Sequence analysis of the region upstream to the (cid:97) 3A open reading frame revealed the presence of a TATA box and potential binding sites for responsive elements. By primer extension analysis, the transcription start site of the (cid:97) 3B mRNA isoform was defined. The sequences upstream to the (cid:97) 3B mRNA transcription start site do not contain a TATA box near the transcription initiation sites, but AP-1, AP-2, and Sp1 consensus binding site sequences were identified. The genomic regions located immediately upstream of the (cid:97) 3A and (cid:97) 3B transcription start sites were shown to possess promoter activities in transfection ex- periments. In the promoter regions, response elements for the acute phase reactant signal and NF-interleukin 6 were found, and their possible relevance in the context of inflammation and wound healing is discussed. Our results demonstrate that the lama3 gene produces the two
A Modified Method for Rapid Genomic DNA Extraction from Tuberose

The isolation of high yield and quality genomic DNA is crucial for studying the molecular genetics of plants. However, high contents of secondary metabolites, especially in medicinal and aromatic plants, interfere with the extraction of clean DNA, thereby rendering it useless for downstream analyses such as DNA amplification, restriction, sequencing and cloning. The chemotypic heterogeneity among plant species may not permit high quality DNA isolation with a single protocol, thus a species-specific extraction method is required for quality extractions. Here, we present a modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) protocol for good quality DNA extraction from tuberose, which is an important plant for perfume and pharmaceutical industry due to its pleasant fragrance and essential oil content. In contrast to other CTAB methods, the modified procedure is rapid, omits the use of liquid nitrogen and phenol, uses inexpensive and less hazardous reagents, and requires only ordinary laboratory equipment. The procedure employed the high concentration of NaCl and use ofPVP-10 to get rid of problems associated with polysaccharides and polyphenols, respectively. The yield and quality of extracted DNA were fairly good and amenable for downstream analyses. Moreover, to our knowledge, the described method is the first report of a modified DNA extraction protocol for tuberose.
An improved test system for PCR-based specific detection of Echinococcus multilocularis eggs

: For the sensitive detection of eggs of Echinococcus multilocularis in fox faeces by PCR we have evaluated a method based on the previous concentration of helminth eggs by a combination of sequential sieving of faecal samples and flotation of the eggs in zinc chloride solution. The eggs were microscopically detected in the fractions retained in 40 and 20µm mesh sieves. DNA of the taeniid eggs retained in the 20 µm sieve was obtained after alkaline lysis and PCR was performed using E. multilocularis species-specific primers. Compared to the parasitological findings after examination of the small intestines of the foxes, the specificity of the PCR was 100% (no false-positive result with 20 foxes free of E. multilocularis) and the sensitivity was 94% (33 positive results from total 35 foxes proven to be infected with E. multilocularis). Both false-negative results were obtained with faeces from foxes harbouring immature worms. Using faecal volumes between 2 and 20 ml, no inhibition of PCR was observed as was demonstrated by the amplification of size-modified target in parallel reactions. The tests were undertaken with fresh faeces stored in 70% ethanol, but egg detection by PCR was also possible after inactivation of eggs by freezing the faeces at −80°C for one week or by incubation at +70°C for 2 h Abstract For the sensitive detection of eggs of Echinococcus multilocularis in fox faeces by PCR we have evaluated a method based on the previous concentration of helminth eggs by a combination of sequential sieving of faecal samples and flotation of the eggs in zinc chloride solution. The eggs were microscopically detected in the fractions retained in 40 and 20 urn mesh sieves. DNA of the taeniid eggs retained in the 20 |im sieve was obtained after alkaline lysis and PCR was performed using E. multilocularis species-specific primers. Compared to the parasitological findings after examination of the small intestines of the foxes, the specificity of the PCR was 100% (no false-positive result with 20 foxes free of E. multilocularis) and the sensitivity was 94% (33 positive results from total 35 foxes proven to be infected with E. multilocularis). Both false-negative results were obtained with faeces from foxes harbouring immature worms. Using faecal volumes between 2 and 20 ml, no inhibition of PCR was observed as was demonstrated by the amplification of size-modified target in parallel reactions. The tests were undertaken with fresh faeces stored in 70% ethanol, but egg detection by PCR was also possible after inactivation of eggs by freezing the faeces at -80°C for one week or by incubation at +70°C for 2 h.