Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Research and Advances on Semi-supervised Learning

Semi-supervised learning has been widely used in the world and become a hot topic in the research field of machine learning and pattern recognition.The paper summarizes the basic assumption,the research situation at present,and the algorithms which was used to resolve some practical problems.Main difficulties and the questions which will be solved in the future are also shown.
A whole genome sequence association study of muscle fiber traits in a White Duroc×Erhualian F2 resource population

Objective Muscle fiber types, numbers and area are crucial aspects associated with meat production and quality. However, there are few studies of pig muscle fibre traits in terms of the detection power, false discovery rate and confidence interval precision of whole-genome quantitative trait loci (QTL). We had previously performed genome scanning for muscle fibre traits using 183 microsatellites and detected 8 significant QTLs in a White Duroc× Erhualian F2 population. The confidence intervals of these QTLs ranged between 11 and 127 centimorgan (cM), which contained hundreds of genes and hampered the identification of QTLs. A whole-genome sequence imputation of the population was used for fine mapping in this study. Methods A whole-genome sequences association study was performed in the F2 population. Genotyping was performed for 1,020 individuals (19 F0, 68 F1, and 933 F2). The whole-genome variants were imputed and 21,624,800 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified and examined for associations to 11 longissimus dorsi muscle fiber traits. Results A total of 3,201 significant SNPs comprising 7 novel QTLs showing associations with the relative area of fiber type I (I_RA), the fiber number per square centimeter (FN) and the total fiber number (TFN). Moreover, one QTL on pig chromosome 14 was found to affect both FN and TFN. Furthermore, four plausible candidate genes associated with FN (kinase non-catalytic C-lobe domain containing [KNDC1]), TFN (KNDC1), and I_RA (solute carrier family 36 member 4, contactin associated protein like 5, and glutamate metabotropic receptor 8) were identified. Conclusion An efficient and powerful imputation-based association approach was utilized to identify genes potentially associated with muscle fiber traits. These identified genes and SNPs could be explored to improve meat production and quality via marker-assisted selection in pigs.
Selection in two-sex structured populations

Ecological and evolutionary dynamics are both driven by the fundamental demographic processes of birth, death, and development. Demography is therefore central to understanding how ecological and evolutionary processes interact when they occur on similar time scales (so called eco-evolutionary interactions). In this thesis, we introduce a model that combines the powerful demographic framework of matrix population models with basic Mendelian genetics. Chapters 2 and 3 consider linear matrix population models; chapters 4 and 5 consider density-dependent models. Chapters 2 and 4 introduce a one-sex model; chapters 3 and 5 introduce a two-sex model with sexual dimorphism in any life-history characteristic. We derive sufficient conditions for a protected genetic polymorphism for all four cases in these four chapters. In chapter 3 we show that heterozygote superiority in genotype-specific population growth rate (λ) is a necessary and sufficient condition for a protected polymorphism when there is no sexual dimorphism in demographic rates and when the primary sex ratio is one. Similarly, in chapter 4 we find that density-dependent selection in the presence of sexual dimorphism can lead to selection for lower equilibrium stage abundances in all stages, and therefore also reduce any weighted sum of the stage abundances.
Mechanism Research of Serial Port Communication in Basis and Relevant Realization

In general,the serial communication in the application interface is usually regarded the port devices as files,and realized the communication by CreateFile mode.This paper analyzes the serial control chip of INS 8250 and interrupt control chip of Intel 8259,configuring the registers,writing or reading in the relevant address,it realizes the function of installation,initialization,communication and uninstall of serial port,
Energy Efficient Multimedia Message Sharing in Instant Messenger Apps

Multimedia messaging in instant messenger (IM) application (app) usage has become increasingly popular on smartphones today. Sharing of multimedia messages such as images, web links, videos and audio messages has become prevalent on smartphones. The IM app causes smartphone battery to drain owing to its intensive data upload / download operations when users share multimedia messages. This work focus on instant messenger app performs upload / download to share multimedia message impact on a smartphone battery. Our collected data shows that IM users share a large number of redundant multimedia messages with server side and also existing in local storage. A redundant network traffic directly can increase access wireless network (3G or Wi-Fi) usage and leading to high energy consumption in a smartphone. This paper proposes an energy efficient multimedia message sharing scheme to prevent redundant network traffic. The underlying principle of the proposed design is verifying hashes of shared multimedia messages prior to an instant messenger application uploading or downloading them. Our evaluation shows that our proposal saves up to 60 % of energy consumption.
Measuring avian specialization

Abstract Measuring the extent to which a species is specialized is a major challenge in ecology, with important repercussions for fundamental research as well as for applied ecology and conservation. Here, we develop a multidimensional index of specialization based on five sets of ecological characteristics of breeding bird species. We used two recent databases of species traits of European birds based on foraging ecology, habitat, and breeding characteristics. The indices of specialization were calculated by applying the Gini coefficient, an index of inequality. The Gini coefficient is a measure of statistical dispersion on a scale between 0 and 1, reflecting a gradient from low to high specialization, respectively. Finally, we tested the strength of the phylogenetic signal of each specialization index to understand how the variance of such indices is shared throughout the phylogeny. The methods for constructing and evaluating a multidimensional index of bird specialization could also be applied to other taxa and regions, offering a simple but useful tool, particularly suited for global or biogeographic studies, as a contribution to comparative estimates of the degree of specialization of species.
Air-Sea Fluxes With a Focus on Heat and Momentum

Turbulent and radiative exchanges of heat between the ocean and atmosphere (hereafter heat fluxes), ocean surface wind stress, and state variables used to estimate them, are Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) and Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) influencing weather and climate. This paper describes an observational strategy for producing 3-hourly, 25-km (and an aspirational goal of hourly at 10-km) heat flux and wind stress fields over the global, ice-free ocean with breakthrough 1-day random uncertainty of 15 W m-2 and a bias of less than 5 W m-2. At present this accuracy target is met only at OceanSITES reference station moorings and research vessels (RVs) that follow best practices. To meet these targets globally, in the next decade, satellite-based observations must be optimized for boundary layer measurements of air temperature, humidity, sea surface temperature, and ocean wind stress. In order to tune and validate these satellite measurements, a complementary global in situ flux array, built around an expanded OceanSITES network of time series reference station moorings, is also needed. The array would include 500 - 1000 measurement platforms, including autonomous surface vehicles, moored and drifting buoys, RVs, the existing OceanSITES network of 22 flux sites, and new OceanSITES expanded in 19 key regions. This array would be globally distributed, with 1 - 3 measurement platforms in each nominal 10° by 10° boxes. These improved moisture and temperature profiles and surface data, if assimilated into Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, would lead to better representation of cloud formation processes, improving state variables and surface radiative and turbulent fluxes from these models. The in situ flux array provides globally distributed measurements and metrics for satellite algorithm development, product validation, and for improving satellite-based, NWP and blended flux products. In addition, some of these flux platforms will also measure direct turbulent fluxes, which can be used to improve algorithms for computation of air-sea exchange of heat and momentum in flux products and models. With these improved air-sea fluxes, the ocean’s influence on the atmosphere will be better quantified and lead to improved long-term weather forecasts, seasonal-interannual-decadal climate predictions, and regional climate projections.
Evidence of Limited Recruitment of Pallid Sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River

Pallid Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus are endemic to the Missouri and Mississippi river basins and are rare throughout their range. The species was listed as federally endangered with little to no evidence of natural recruitment. Since population augmentation was initiated as a recovery objective in the early 1990s, thousands of hatchery-origin Pallid Sturgeon have been stocked in the lower Missouri River (Gavins Point Dam [river kilometer 1,305.1] to the confluence of the Mississippi River [river kilometer 0.0]). Efforts to discriminate natural reproduction and recruitment of wild-origin Pallid Sturgeon from hatchery-origin fish has been hampered by tag loss in hatchery-origin sturgeon, inconsistent documentation of hatchery parental crosses, and the failure to collect tissue samples for genotyping all broodstock. However, the recent reconstruction of missing parental genotypes from known hatchery-origin progeny and from cryopreserved milt made it possible to examine Pallid Sturgeon recruitment. Therefore, our objectives were to 1) determine the likelihood that unmarked Pallid Sturgeon captured from the lower Missouri River were the result of natural recruitment and 2) examine the length distribution of wild- and hatchery-origin fish to determine if a difference exists by origin and examine the life-stage distribution. Genetic analysis showed that from 2003 to 2015, 358 “presumptive wild-origin” Pallid Sturgeon were captured in the lower Missouri River and the comparison between the length distributions of wild- and hatchery-origin fish did not provide any additional clarification into potential wild-origin fish. Low recruitment may be due to a small breeding population, high mortality of early life stages, hybridization with Shovelnose Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus, or transport of drifting free embryos or larvae into inhospitable habitats. Determining what factors are limiting recruitment is the important next step for the recovery of Pallid Sturgeon in the lower Missouri River.
Integrated Clarification and Purification of Monoclonal Antibodies by Membrane Based Separation of Aqueous Two-Phase Systems

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are used for the treatment of numerous serious diseases, which have led to an increasing demand over the last decades. Increased cell density and mAb titer of the cultivation broth lead to great challenges for the subsequent clarification and capture operations in the downstream process. As an alternative approach to the conventional downstream process, a selective mAb extraction via an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) directly from the cultivation broth of a mAb producing industrial relevant chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line was investigated. An efficient purification of the mAb was accomplished by the ATPS composition. The phase separation was realized by a newly developed membrane based phase separator. Moreover, a complete cell removal was integrated into this process by the used membrane. A selectivity between both phases was achieved by membrane modification. Yields up to 93% in the light phase and removal of process related impurities were obtained after aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE). Phase separation performance as well as contact angles on the membrane were characterized for different ATPS. ATPE directly from the cultivation broth in combination with the new membrane based phase separation led to a mAb yield of 78% with a simultaneous reduction of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and host cell protein (HCP) load.
Adaptive resampling algorithm for image zooming

Image resampling is used for several purposes such as picture enlargement, image reconstruction, correcting for geometrical distortions and obtaining sub-pixel accuracy. Most of these uses are invaluable for medical, defense and other applications. Most of the resampling and interpolation methods documented in the literature could be grouped under one of two categories; conventional or adaptive. In conventional methods an interpolation function is applied indiscriminately to the whole image. No matter how complex the chosen function is, the resulting image in general suffers from aliasing, edge blurring and other artifacts. Adaptive methods, on the other hand aim at avoiding these problems by analyzing the local structure of the source image and using different interpolation functions and different areas of support. In this paper we present an adaptive algorithm for image resampling manly for zooming up. The algorithm is based on segmenting the image dynamically into homogeneous areas and preserving edge locations and their contrast. Based on the location of the pixel to be computed (within a homogenous area, on its edge or an isolated feature) interpolation, extrapolation or pixel replication is chosen. Algorithm performance (quality and computational complexity) is compared to different methods and functions previously reported in the literature and used and in most of the commercial packages. The advantage of the method is quite apparent at edges and for large zooming factors.
Study of the Effect of Klebsiella pneumoniae Antigens on the Histological Structure of the Kidney in Laboratory Rabbits Infected with Entamoeba histolytica

This study was conducted to investigate the immunological effect of Capsular (K-Antigen), extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae, on the histological structure of the kidney in the adult white rabbits that were experimentally infected with Entamoeba histolytica. Twenty Male adult white rabbits, were divided into four groups, five animals for each group. The control group was injected with a physiological saline solution, the second group was injected with E.hisotlytica, the third group was injected with K-Antigen extract, the fourth group was injected with K-Antigen extract, E.histolytica parasites. The results of the histological examination showed many differences in the histological sections examined for the treated groups.
Incidence and genetic diversity of Prune dwarf virus in sweet and sour cherry in Bulgaria

Abstract Sweet cherry is an important fruit crop in Bulgaria. One of the most common viruses of sweet cherry and other stone fruits in the world is Prune dwarf virus (PDV). Field surveys were conducted in 43 commercial and 3 collection sweet and sour cherry orchards at 10 locations in six regions of Bulgaria. Leaf samples from 2090 trees showing and not showing virus-like symptoms were tested by double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) for PDV infection. The average PDV infection level in sweet and sour cherry was 14.4%. In 92.4% of the trees, PDV caused single infection, whereas in 7.6%, it caused mixed infection with Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV). Visual observations were made to connect the symptoms with PDV infection. There were PDV symptoms in 56.2% of infected trees whereas, 43.8% of the trees were asymptomatic. The coat protein (CP) sequences of 14 isolates from four regions were determined. The obtained sequences were 654 nucleotides (nts) in length, translated to 218 amino acids. Sequence comparisons showed 87%–100% to 93%–100% identity at nucleotide and amino acid level, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses using nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the CP genes of PDV isolates from Bulgaria and 38 cherry isolates retrieved from the GenBank database indicated the existence of three and two phylogenetic groups, respectively. No association between the phylogenetic grouping of the studied isolates and the symptoms of infected trees and/or the sampling-region was observed.
OPTIMIZATION OF β-CAROTENE FROM ‘ATAULFO’ MANGO (Mangifera indica L.) BY-PRODUCTS USING ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION

The present study investigated β-carotenecontent of ‘Ataulfo’ Mango by-products, obtained from a local industry. β-carotenewas investigated by HPLC-PDA. Extraction of β-carotene from mango peel and paste was optimized using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The influence of three independent variables was evaluated: extraction time (min, XET), sonication amplitude (%, XSA), and pulse cycle (XPC). Theβ-carotene extraction was optimized using a response surface methodology. The optimal conditions to achieve the maximal content of β-carotene were XET(30 min), XSA(30%), XPC(0.8) for both by-products. Experimental results (peel 19.13 ± 0.41mg/g DWand paste 6.60 ± 1.60mg/g DW)correlated positively (R=0.99) with predicted values. The extraction efficiency of β-carotene was significantly higher in UAE than conventional solvent extraction. These results indicate that UAE of β-carotene from mango peel and paste can be used to improve the yield in the extraction of carotenoids in mango by-products.
Comparing the Efficacy of an Identical, Tailored Smoking Cessation Intervention Delivered by Mobile Text Messaging Versus Email: Randomized Controlled Trial

Background There is a need to deliver smoking cessation support at a population level, both in developed and developing countries. Studies on internet-based and mobile phone–based smoking cessation interventions have shown that these methods can be as effective as other methods of support, and they can have a wider reach at a lower cost. Objective This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to compare, on a population level, the efficacy of an identical, tailored smoking cessation intervention delivered by mobile text messaging versus email. Methods We conducted a nationwide 2-arm, double-blinded, fully automated RCT, close to a real-world setting, in Norway. We did not offer incentives to increase participation and adherence or to decrease loss to follow-up. We recruited users of the website, slutta.no, an open, free, multi-component Norwegian internet-based smoking cessation program, from May 2010 until October 2012. Enrolled smokers were considered as having completed a time point regardless of their response status if it was 1, 3, 6, or 12 months post cessation. We assessed 7315 participants using the following inclusion criteria: knowledge of the Norwegian language, age 16 years or older, ownership of a Norwegian cell phone, having an email account, current cigarette smoker, willingness to set a cessation date within 14 days (mandatory), and completion of a baseline questionnaire for tailoring algorithms. Altogether, 6137 participants were eligible for the study and 4378 participants (71.33%) provided informed consent to participate in the smoking cessation trial. We calculated the response rates for participants at the completed 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post cessation. For each arm, we conducted an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis for each completed time point. The main outcome was 7-day self-reported point prevalence abstinence (PPA) at the completed 6 months post cessation. We calculated effect size of the 7-day self-reported PPA in the text message arm compared with the email arm as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs for the 4 time points post cessation. Results At 6 months follow-up, 21.06% (384/1823) of participants in the text message arm and 18.62% (333/1788) in the email arm responded (P=.07) to the surveys. In the ITT analysis, 11.46% (209/1823) of participants in the text message arm compared with 10.96% (196/1788) in the email arm (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.86-1.30) reported to have achieved 7 days PPA. Conclusions This nationwide, double-blinded, large, fully automated RCT found that 1 in 9 enrolled smokers reported 7-day PPA in both arms, 6 months post cessation. Our study found that identical smoking cessation interventions delivered by mobile text messaging and email may be equally successful at a population level. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01103427; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01103427
The potential importance of unburned islands as refugia for the persistence of wildlife species in fire‐prone ecosystems

Abstract The persistence of wildlife species in fire‐prone ecosystems is under increasing pressure from global change, including alterations in fire regimes caused by climate change. However, unburned islands might act to mitigate negative effects of fire on wildlife populations by providing habitat in which species can survive and recolonize burned areas. Nevertheless, the characteristics of unburned islands and their role as potential refugia for the postfire population dynamics of wildlife species remain poorly understood. We used a newly developed unburned island database of the northwestern United States from 1984 to 2014 to assess the postfire response of the greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), a large gallinaceous bird inhabiting the sagebrush ecosystems of North America, in which wildfires are common. Specifically, we tested whether prefire and postfire male attendance trends at mating locations (leks) differed between burned and unburned areas, and to what extent postfire habitat composition at multiple scales could explain such trends. Using time‐series of male counts at leks together with spatially explicit fire history information, we modeled whether male attendance was negatively affected by fire events. Results revealed that burned leks often exhibit sustained decline in male attendance, whereas leks within unburned islands or >1.5 km away from fire perimeters tend to show stable or increasing trends. Analyses of postfire habitat composition further revealed that sagebrush vegetation height within 0.8 km around leks, as well elevation within 0.8 km, 6.4 km, and 18 km around leks, had a positive effect on male attendance trends. Moreover, the proportion of the landscape with cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) cover >8% had negative effects on male attendance trends within 0.8 km, 6.4 km, and 18 km of leks, respectively. Synthesis and applications. Our results indicate that maintaining areas of unburned vegetation within and outside fire perimeters may be crucial for sustaining sage‐grouse populations following wildfire. The role of unburned islands as fire refugia requires more attention in wildlife management and conservation planning because their creation, protection, and maintenance may positively affect wildlife population dynamics in fire‐prone ecosystems.