Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probiotic modulation of the gut bacterial community of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus CAIM 170

The protective effects of two probiotic mixtures was studied using the fingerprints of the bacterial community of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles exposed to probiotics and challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus CAIM 170. Fingerprints were constructed using 16S rRNA gene and the PCR-SSCP (Single strand conformation polymorphism) technique, and the probiotics used were an experimental Bacillus mixture (Bacillus tequilensis YC5-2 + B. endophyticus C2-2 and YC3-B) and the commercial probiotic Alibio. The DNA for PCR-SSCP analyses was extracted directly from the guts of shrimps treated for 20 days with the probiotics and injected with 2.5×10 5 CFU g -1 of V. parahaemolyticus one week after suspension of the probiotic treatment. Untreated shrimps served as positive (injected with V. parahaemolyticus) and negative (not injected) controls Analysis of the bacterial community carried out after inoculation and 12 and 48 h later confirmed that V. parahaemolyticus was present in shrimps of the positive control , but not in the negative control or treated with the probiotic mixtures. A significant difference in the diversity of the bacterial community was observed between times after infection. The band patterns in 0-12 h were clustered into a different group from that determined after 48 h, and suggested that during bacterial infection the guts of whiteleg shrimp were dominated by gamma proteobacteria represented by Vibrio sp. and Photobacterium sp. Our results indicate that the experimental and the commercial mixtures are suitable to modulate the bacterial community of L. vannamei and could be used as a probiotic to control vibriosis in juvenile shrimp.
Bio-efficacy of Mineral Oil against Yellow Mite in Dark Jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) under Terai Region of West Bengal

An experiment was conducted during pre-kharif season of 2016 and 2017 to determine the efficacy of relatively cheaper, safer horticultural mineral oil on yellow mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with seven treatments [T1mineral oil @ 3 ml/litre at 35 and 50 days after sowing, T2mineral oil @ 6 ml/litre at 35 and 50 DAS, T3mineral oil @ 9 ml/litre at 35 and 50 DAS, T4-Neem oil @ 3 ml/litre at 35 and 50 DAS, T5mineral oil @ 3 ml/litre + neem oil @ 3 ml/litre at 35 and 50 DAS and T6Control] replicated four times. Two scheduled spraying of each treatment was done on standing jute crop at 15 days interval. The effect of treatments was significant on post treatment mite population recorded after spray for both the cropping season. Among the treatments, T5 was found to be the most effective combination. The post treatment observation during 2016 and 2017 at 7 days after treatment indicated significantly less number of mites i.e. (1.08 and 0.84 mites cm) and (0.83 and 0.41 mites cm) respectively in the treatment T5. Within the treatments, maximum plant height (216.92 and 206.64 Original Research Article Sarkar et al.; CJAST, 39(18): 77-82, 2020; Article no.CJAST. 58689 78 cm) and yield (34.68 and 28.28 q ha) were also observed in treatment T5. Considering the effectiveness against mite on jute as well as the environmental safety, mineral oil might be suggested as biorational component of IPM for effective management of yellow mite.
University of Twente

This study investigated the possible mediating effect self-criticism and selfcompassion can have on the relation between physical health and mental well-being. Selfcriticism is a personality style associated with fragile self-esteem and fear of failure and scrutiny from others. Self-compassion on the other hand is a positive attitude towards oneself that can protect an individual against the negative effects of self-criticism, self-judgment and isolation. These two personality styles as well as physical health affect the mental well-being of an individual and therefore play an important role in improving health, health care and overall quality of life. This study hypothesized that self-criticism and self-compassion function as mediators in explaining the effect physical health has on mental well-being. Participants of this study consisted of various age and educational groups who filled in an online survey. The participants were sampled from a general Dutch population. The survey consisted of questions dealing with their physical health, level of self-criticism and selfcompassion, as well as their current level of mental well-being. In total 329 participants completed the online survey. Results showed that all three tested mediators (inadequate self and hated self, which are subscales of the construct of self-criticism, and self-compassion) had a significant partial mediation effect on the relation of physical health and mental well-being. Furthermore, selfcompassion was found to be the most dominant predictor of mental well-being, whereas selfcriticism inadequate self and physical health were only weakly predictive of mental wellbeing. Hated self was not a significant predictor of mental well-being in this model. This research showed several interesting findings regarding mental well-being and the possibility of raising it in order to improve a good mental health. It can be seen as an introduction to the domain of improving well-being by not only paying attention to factors like self-criticism and self-compassion, but also the level of physical health of an individual. Further research should focus on longitudinal studies on the relation between physical health and mental well-being in order to measure change or stability of the effects of self-criticism and self-compassion on their relation, but should also focus on the causality between the four constructs of interest, as this is still a point of uncertainty.
Amazonian BC Contribution to the Vallunaraju Glacier Surface Melt

The role of Black Carbon (BC) as a contributor to glacial retreat is of particular interest to the scientific community and decision makers, due to its impact on snow albedo and glacier melt. In this study, a thermal-optical instrument (LAHM) was used to measure effective Black Carbon (eBC) in a series of surface snow samples collected from the Vallunaraju glacier, Cordillera Blanca, between April 2019 and May 2020. The time series obtained indicates a marked seasonal variability of eBC with maximum concentrations during the dry season and dramatic decrease during the wet season. The concentrations detected ranged between a minimum of 3.73 ng/g and 4.23 ng/g during the wet season and a maximum of 214.13 ng/g and 181.60 ng/g during the dry season, in the accumulation and ablation zone. Using SNICAR model, the reduction of albedo was estimated at 6.36% and 6.60% during the dry season and 0.68% and 0.95% during the wet season, which represents an average radiative forcing of 4.52 ± 1.84 W/m2 and 4.69 ± 1.59 W/m2 in the accumulation zone, and 0.49 ± 0.27 W/m2 and 0.68 ± 0.43 W/m2 in the ablation zone. The melting of snow due to the eBC translates into 80.18 ± 37.30 kg/m2 and 83.16 ± 32.75 kg/m2 during the dry season, and 7.91 ± 4.29 kg/m2 and 10.85 ± 6.62 kg/m2 during the wet season, in the accumulation and ablation zones, respectively. Finally, the HYSPLIT trajectory assessment shows that aerosols predominate in the Amazon rainforest, especially when forest fires are most abundant according to VIIRS images.
A New Maritime Security Architecture for the 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road : The South China Sea and the Persian Gulf Uma nova arquitetura de segurança marítima para a Rota da Seda

China e Irã possuem o antigo portão da Rota Marítima da Seda, além de duas novas vias nessa mesma rota, a saber, o Estreito de Ormuz e o Estreito de Malaca. Ao contrário do Estreito de Ormuz, a segurança marítima no Estreito de Malaca precisa ser redesenhada e restabelecida pelos Estados do litoral para o corredor de segurança. O objetivo deste estudo é descobrir o novo conceito e classificação de segurança marítima, notadamente os elementos de insegurança direta e indireta. Este estudo ilustra que os elementos diretos e indiretos mais notáveis são, respectivamente, pirataria, assalto à mão armada e presença de um Estado externo. Reconhece-se que a presença contínua e perigosa de um Estado externo é um elemento indireto de insegurança. À luz das atividades de violação e desestabilização por parte dos EUA no Golfo Pérsico e no Mar da China Meridional, sua presença e passagem são consideradas atividades não-inocentes, pois são prejudiciais à boa ordem, paz e segurança dos Estados localizados ao longo da costa. Portanto, uma nova proposta chamada Doutrina do “No Sheriff" é oferecida neste artigo para possivelmente impedir a formação de hegemonias em todas as regiões no futuro.
Increasing Trend of Overweight and Obesity in a Rural Community in South East Nigeria

Background: There is a global trend of increasing obesity, affecting mostly the high-and-middle income countries. Obesity was more prevalent in the urban areas but recent studies have suggested a disproportionate increase in obesity in the rural areas outstripping that of urban areas thus fueling the global obesity epidemic. This cross-sectional community study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of obesity in a rural community in South east Nigeria using Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference and waist-hip ratio. Materials and Methods: Adults (≥18 years) in a rural community in Enugu State were studied in July 2019. The weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference of the participants were taken. The BMI was calculated from the weight and height and the waist-hip ratio was determined for each participant. Results: A total of 210 participants were studied and analyzed. The prevalence of obesity and overweight by BMI was 10.9% and 28.0% respectively. There was no difference in the prevalence of obesity in males and females (10.9% vs 10.9%) and overweight (27% for males and 28% for females). Significantly more females (40%) than males (7.3%) were obese by sex specific waist circumference (p p = 0.629) and females (p = 0.439). However, middle aged females (40 - 59 years) had higher waist circumference than the younger and older females (p = 0.025), while the older males (60 - 79 years) had higher waist-hip ratio than younger age groups p = 0.002. Conclusions: The result of this study shows an increasing trend of obesity and overweight in a farming rural community in South east Nigeria compared with the prevalence recorded in the region in the past.
Foreword by the Director-General of FAMA The publication of the inaugural issue of the Journal of Agribusiness Marketing is an important milestone in the continuing efforts of the Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority (FAMA) to improve the marketing system

This is an exploratory study that aims at assessing the market potential of selected tropical fruits in Europe. Specifically, this study attempts to identify the distribution network and to determine the competitiveness of Malaysian tropical fruits in the European market. Through purposive sampling, 100 interviews were conducted on the industry players comprising of importers, wholesalers, retailers and distributors in The Netherlands, which serves as a gateway to the European market. The study shows that the channel members include large-scale importers, wholesalers, and exporters, as well as large and small-scale retailers, who are the main players in fruits and vegetables distribution in The Netherlands as well as European markets. Results also indicate that there is a great potential for Malaysian tropical fruits particularly carambola, pomelo and dragon fruit due to low market competition. However, it is pertinent that these fruits be marketed in the premium market to reap premium earnings by supplying niche segments of the market. Although fruits such as pineapple, mango and papaya are highly demanded, competition is stiff. Despite low competition, durian, mangosteen, jackfruit and rambutan have less potential since market demand is low and the fruits are less attractive among the Europeans. Marketers of tropical fruits for European market should become more proactive in developing new fresh fruit products and build on the intrinsic strengths of fresh producenamely freshness, associations with health, nutrition and light taste that is consistent with modern lifestyle.
CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF PROGENY DERIVED FROm ALLOTRIPLOID AND ALLOTETRAPLOID

Cytogenetic analysis of progeny, performed after crossing four allotriploid and one allotetraploid cultivars of Lilium with fertile pollen producing tetraploids, showed that fertile female gametes of allopolyploids can possess a balanced haploid (n = x = 12) or diploid (2n = 2 x = 24) number of chromosomes as well as can contain an unbalanced aneuploid sets with additional number of chromosomes. Some offspring of allopolyploid mothers were apomictic and inherited diploid number of chromosomes. Allotriploid lilies were male sterile, however allotetraploid cultivar ‘Lesly Woodrif ’ , which possessed 3 sets of chromosomes inherited from Trumpet hybrid and one inherited from Oriental hybrid lilies, was male fertile and produced haploid pollen.
Tax Avoidance and Earnings Management: Evidence from “Replacing Business Tax with VAT” in China

Tax avoidance has important implications when studying earnings management, especially when the tax avoidance is triggered by a tax reform. One such tax reform is the “Replacing Business Tax with VAT” policy reform. We predict that the more potential tax benefits a company obtains through the “Replacing Business Tax with VAT” policy reform, the more likely the company will delay revenue recognition and implement accrual-based earnings management before the reform. Meanwhile, companies which can reduce their VAT tax burden by increasing raw material purchases and labor outsourcing will be less likely to implement negative earnings management. Through our empirical analysis, we provide robust evidence that companies which stand to obtain tax benefits from the policy reform will delay their revenue recognition before the reform to carry out earnings management. Additionally, the companies’ negative earnings management is positively related to the potential tax benefits they gain through the tax reform. Furthermore, companies which can reduce their VAT burden after the reform by using tax avoidance behaviors have less incentive to conduct negative earnings management. By conducting subgroup analysis on stratified samples, we also find differences before and after the reform in the earnings management behaviors of different companies.
Water behavior in the self-aggregation of the bilirubin molecules in presence and absence of carbon nanotubes: A Molecular Dynami cs Simulation approach

This study illustrates the behavior of water molecules in bilirubin (BR)-carbon nanotube (CNT) systems by detailed analysis of several molecular dynamics simulations from the perspective of diffusion coefficients (D) and hydrogen bonding (HB). These analysis provide further understanding on the water network properties in the process of BR adsorption to treat or prevent hepatitis, biliary disease, liver cancer and some neurological and brain disorders. The results show that presence of BR and CNT interrupts the water network by confining the water molecules and decreasing the number of HBs that can be established. The best water and HB networking can be developed at high BR concentrations when CNT (10, 10) is available. Also, the most significant factor on increasing the water D is temperature. At higher temperatures, the BR molecules are adsorbed on CNTs and the enhanced CNT diameter helps BR molecules to advantage from higher adsorption surface to eliminate BR molecules from the water passage paths and diffuse, freely.
Pedagogy of Difference 2.0: Interactive documentary practices and participatory research with young people

The Glowing Divide (2015) is an interactive documentary exploring the topic of social isolation in young people. Created by a group of young adults at Knowle West Media Centre in Bristol, the project follows three teenagers with the aim to change perceptions of social isolation. This interactive documentary was used as a resource in a Critical Media Literacy intervention which deployed the methodology of Participatory Action Research and took place in Coventry in partnership with the creative production company Imagineer. Based on the outcomes of this research, I argue towards a Pedagogy of Difference 2.0, which is a new and more nuanced approach to teaching and learning with interactive media in complex environments. This innovative pedagogy embraces the limitations of interactivity on young people’s media production and does not take young people’s familiarity with technology for granted. In this regard, Pedagogy of Difference 2.0 acknowledges the contextual nature of teaching and learning, moving beyond the often abstract discourse of Critical Pedagogy.
ESTIMATION OF SOIL BULK DENSITY AND CARBON USING MULTI-SOURCE REMOTELY SENSED DATA

Abstract. Bulk density and soil carbon models were fitted for soil samples collected during field campaigns in 2018 and 2019 for the Kapuskasing region of the District of Cochrane in Ontario, Canada. Prediction maps for bulk density and soil carbon were generated for the 0–15 cm depth mineral soil layer. The application of multi-source remotely sensed data as environmental covariates for model predictors was implemented. Environmental covariates were obtained from multispectral satellite imagery, LiDAR (light detection and ranging) retrievals and airborne geomagnetic surveys, as well from a digital elevation model (DEM) for topographic covariates. Two covariates derived from LiDAR, canopy height model (CHM) and gap fraction, were of high variable importance when fitting models for average bulk density; gap fraction had the highest to second highest variable importance for average bulk density when considered among a full set of 76, or reduced sets of 12 or 5 separate predictors respectively. Environmental covariates corresponding to vegetation cover, specifically reflectance from multispectral imagery or LiDAR data, had the highest variable importance when compared with other categories of soil formation factors. Random forest (RF) models were generated, with RF models based upon just 12 predictors obtaining reasonable results with coefficients of determinations (R2) greater than 0.7 for the standard derivation of bulk density, standard deviation of total carbon and average total carbon for the 0–15 cm depth layer.
LEARNING FROM NOISY SAMPLES FOR MAN-MADE IMPERVIOUS SURFACE MAPPING

Abstract. Man-made impervious surfaces, indicating the human footprint on Earth, are an environmental concern because it leads to a chain of events that modifies urban air and water resources. To better map man-made impervious surfaces in any region of interest (ROI), we propose a framework for learning to map impervious areas in any ROIs from Sentinel-2 images with noisy reference data, using a pre-trained fully convolutional network (FCN). The FCN is first trained with reference data only available in Europe, which is able to provide reasonable mapping results even in areas outside of Europe. The proposed framework, aiming to achieve an improvement over the preliminary predictions for a specific ROI, consists of two steps: noisy training data pre-processing and model fine-tuning with robust loss functions. The framework is validated over four test areas located in different continents with a measurable improvement over several baseline results. It has been shown that a better impervious mapping result can be achieved through a simple fine-tuning with noisy training data, and label updating through robust loss functions allows to further enhance the performances. In addition, by analyzing and comparing the mapping results to baselines, it can be highlighted that the improvement is mainly coming from a decreased omission error. This study can also provide insights for similar tasks, such as large-scale land cover/land use classification when accurate reference data is not available for training.
Relation Extraction Using Distant Supervision

Relation extraction is a subtask of information extraction where semantic relationships are extracted from natural language text and then classified. In essence, it allows us to acquire structured knowledge from unstructured text. In this article, we present a survey of relation extraction methods that leverage pre-existing structured or semi-structured data to guide the extraction process. We introduce a taxonomy of existing methods and describe distant supervision approaches in detail. We describe, in addition, the evaluation methodologies and the datasets commonly used for quality assessment. Finally, we give a high-level outlook on the field, highlighting open problems as well as the most promising research directions.
The Effect of Return on Equity, Net Interest Margin, Loan to Funding Ratio, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio and Non Performing Loan on Price to Book Value in Banking Industry Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

The banking industry is an industry in the financial sector which greatly influences the economic development and financial stability of a country. The poor performance of banking in a country can also have a negative impact on the economy of a country, this makes the Banking Industry the industry that is most watched and monitored by all parties. In banking business activities and to encourage banking activities for Indonesia, banking institutions need to increase company value by increasing shares. Firm value can be measured using the price to book value ratio. There are several factors that need to be considered by banking institutions that cause the rise and fall of the price to book value, the ratios that need to be considered include return on equity, net interest margin, loan to funding ratio, capital adequacy ratio, debt to equity ratio and non performing loan. This research was conducted to examine the effect of return on equity, net interest margin, loan to funding ratio, capital adequacy ratio, debt to equity ratio and non performing loan on price to book value simultaneously and partially in the banking industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, 2016-2018 period. The study used 26 banks with 78 research samples and the data were processed using SmartPLS v.3. The results showed that the return on equity, net interest margin, loan to funding ratio, capital adequacy ratio, debt to equity ratio and non performing loan simultaneously effect to price to book value. Return on equity and capital adequacy ratio partially have a positive and significant effect on price to book value. The loan to funding ratio partially has a negative and significant effect on price to book value. Net interest margin, debt to equity ratio and non performing loan have no significant effect on price to book value.