Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High Rate Concatenated Coding Systems

Onclas 43306 Summary of Results In this report, we analyze the performance of several high rate convolutional inner code/RS outer code concatenated coding systems for possible use in NASA's high speed digital satellite communication systems. Three types of inner codes are considered: 1) Rate (n-l)/n, n>3, punctured convolutional codes which produce a total effective information rate between 0.5 and 1 bits per unit bandwidth. Punctured codes are decoded using the same decoding trellis as NASA's standard rate 1/2 inner codes. However some parity bits are deleted, resulting in a higher effective rate. This causes some trellis branches to contain two bits (one information and one parity), while other branches contain only one information bit, and may cause problems in properly synchronizing the decoder. 2) High rate majority-logic decodable convolutional codes. These codes also produce an effective information rate between 0.5 and 1 bits per unit bandwidth, and the decoders are simple and capable of high speed operation. However, performance falls far short of what can be achieved with Viterbi decoding. 3) Bandwidth efficient trellis codes using MPSK modulation which achieve effective information rates greater than 1 bit per unit bandwidth. These codes can make use of soft decision Viterbi decoding to achieve significant coding gains on bandlimited channels. Two decoding schemes are considered. Scheme 1 is a concatenated coding system without side information. The received sequence is first decoded by the inner decoder using the conventional Viterbi algorithm. The outputs of the inner decoder are then grouped into bytes, deinterleaved, and decoded by an outer errors-only RS decoder. Our results indicate that coding gains from 5 to 8 dB can be achieved at decoded BER's of 10~ 6 to 10~ 9 with little or no bandwidth expansion. For example, with a 64-state punctured inner code and an overall code rate of 0.75, coding gains of 7.75 dB @ 10~ 9 and 5.05 dB @ 10" 6 are achievable. With a 4-state bandwidth efficient inner code, 8-PSK modulation, and an overall code rate of 1.0, coding gains of 7.15 dB @ 10~ 9 , and 5.05 dB @ 10"^ are achievable. This 4-state decoder is capable of high speed operation. Scheme 2 is a concatenated coding system with side information. The received sequence is first decoded by the inner decoder with a modified Viterbi algorithm. In this modified algorithm, "path metric" comparisons are used to estimate the entire information sequence and …
Edinburgh Research Explorer Time's Arrow and Pupillary Response

The psychological arrow of time refers to our experience of the relentless forward temporal progression of all natural processes. To investigate whether and how time’s arrow is mentally coded in individual everyday events, a relatedness judgment task was used. The items each consisted of a verb (probe) and an adjective or participle (target). The temporal orientation between probe and target was varied either corresponding to the chronological orientation (e.g., shrinking – small) or corresponding to the reverse orientation (e.g., shrinking – large). In addition, the interval between probe and target presentation was varied (SOA: 250 ms vs. 1,000 ms). Reaction times, error rates, and pupillary responses were recorded. For both SOA-conditions, chronological items were processed faster than reverse items. These findings suggest that time’s arrow is mentally coded in single everyday events. Furthermore, pupil dilation and results of principal component analyses on mean pupillary responses suggest topdown influences in the processing of temporally related probe target pairs.
Significance of Dimensionality Reduction in Image Processing

The aim of this paper is to present a comparative study of two linear dimension reduction methods namely PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis). The main idea of PCA is to transform the high dimensional input space onto the feature space where the maximal variance is displayed. The feature selection in traditional LDA is obtained by maximizing the difference between classes and minimizing the distance within classes. PCA finds the axes with maximum variance for the whole data set where LDA tries to find the axes for best class seperability. The neural network is trained about the reduced feature set (using PCA or LDA) of images in the database for fast searching of images from the database using back propagation algorithm. The proposed method is experimented over a general image database using Matlab. The performance of these systems has been evaluated by Precision and Recall measures. Experimental results show that PCA gives the better performance in terms of higher precision and recall values with lesser computational complexity than LDA.
Dereverberation and Reverberation of Audio, Music, and Speech

150 J. Audio Eng. Soc. , Vol. 64, No. 3, 2016 March Delegates from around the world gathered in the beautiful city of Leuven to network, hear about the latest research into reverberation and dereverberation, listen to demonstrations, and discuss future prospects for the field. Some delegates were also excited to visit a local pub with a selection of over 2000 beers—a world record. Toon van Waterschoot, conference chair, welcomed the delegates to the conference. The conference topic was motivated by recent work on reverberation and dereverberation, including a number of review articles, the 2014 REVERB (REverberant Voice Enhancement and Recognition Benchmark) challenge, and the DREAMS (Dereverberation and Reverberation of Audio, Music, and Speech) research project. The scope of reverberation and dereverberation itself covers a large range of topics and experts in many areas including signal processing, psychoacoustics, room acoustics, and machine learning gave presentations during the conference. Toon reminded delegates of the call for papers for a special issue of the AES Journal (see p. 169), thanked the committee members for their hard work to prepare for the conference, and thanked the European Commission for its financial support. The conference had an ambitious technical program. Each morning, a keynote lecture was presented to the delegates, arranged ably by Timo Gerkmann. The keynote speakers gave excellent overviews of their respective topic areas, ensuring that everyone who attended was up to speed with the basic principles and history of reverberation synthesis and room modeling, perception, and dereverberation techniques. The technical content of the conference was mainly delivered in nine paper sessions with a total of 30 invited and contributed papers, coordinated by papers chairs Stefan Goetze and Ann Spriet, supported by a demonstration session. The topics covered by the technical program aligned with the keynote lecture topics, and are described here by theme. CONFERENCE REPORT Dereverberation and Reverberation of Audio, Music, and Speech
Power Sector Reforms in North Western India

Reforms are occurring in each and every economic activity, power sector being one of these. Though power sector reforms are more than a decade old, a review of reforms across countries and Indian states reveals that half heartedly implemented reforms have failed to bear fruit. The present paper, besides appraising the power reforms experience in North-Western states of India, does a detailed study of the progress of reforms in the state of Punjab. The study suggests that instead of laying emphasis on privatisation and unbundling of power sector, the stress should be on increasing efficiency, productivity and accountability in the sector. To make reform programme meaningful, people’s participation in reform process should be encouraged and renewable/environmental friendly sources of electricity generation should be developed.
Application of Formal Speci cation to Software Maintenance

This paper describes the use of formal speci cations and associated tools in addressing various aspects of software maintenance | corrective, perfective, and adaptive. It also addresses the re nement of the software development process to build programs that are easily maintainable. The task of software maintenance in our case includes the task of maintaining the speci cation as well as maintaining the program. We focus on the use of Anna, a speci cation language for formally specifying Ada programs, to aid us in maintaining Ada programs. These techniques are applicable to most other speci cation language and programming language environments. The tools of interest are: (1) the Anna Speci cation Analyzerwhich allows us to analyze the speci cation for correctness with respect to our informal understanding of program behavior; and (2) the Anna Consistency Checking System which monitors the Ada program at runtime based on the Anna speci cation.
谁对谁错——Who Is Correct？

赛车的每一场比赛都是一场赌博。 车手做了最好的准备，车队夜以继日地工作，在现有条件下努力打造赛车，但最后获得的，可能只是个教训。 但是赛车运动的魅力也在此，有时候不管你扔进去多少钱，但结果并不会按照个人意愿顺利实现。
The role of collective intelligence in design: A protocol study of online design communication

Web-enabled collective intelligence in design invites anyone to contribute to a design process through crowdsourcing. We use a protocol analysis method to analyse the forum data on a collective intelligence web site, studying communication among individuals who are motivated to participate in the design process. A protocol analysis allows us to compare collective intelligence in design to similar studies of individual and team design. Our analysis shows that a design process that includes collective intelligence shares processes of ideation and evaluation with individual and team design, and also includes a significant amount of social networking. Including collective intelligence in design can extend the typical design team to include potential users and amateur perspectives that direct the design to be more sensitive to users’ needs and social issues, and can serve a marketing purpose.
EMBEDDED RAPID CONTROL PROTOTYPING: BLDC MOTOR CONTROL

A rapid control prototyping toolbox for the Renesas M32C87 microcontroller is described and a practical application for the control of brushless direct current (BLDC) motor using the implemented toolbox is presented. A closed loop control application using a PID controller is implemented. For controller tuning two experimental methods are used namely the relay feedback method and tuning with specified phase margin. The paper also describes the importance of rapid control prototyping (RCP) and presents some of the most relevant papers published in the literature.
SIMULATIONS WITH MM5-CMAQ AND WRF/CHEM MODELS OF A HIGH ELEVATED PM10 AND PM2.5 EPISODE IN GERMANY DURING WINTER, 2003

Simulations of elevated PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations have been always underestimated by modern three dimensional air quality modelling tools. This fact has focused much more attention between researchers during last years. Three dimensional air quality models have been developed during the last 15-20 years and substantial progress has occurred in this research area. These models are composed by a meteorological driver and a chemical and transport module. Examples of meteorological drivers are: MM5 (PSU.NCAR, USA), (Grell et al., 1994), RSM (NOAA, USA), ECMWF (Redding, U.K.), HIRLAM (Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland), WRF (Janjic et al., 2001) and examples of dispersion and chemical transport modules are EURAD (University of Cologne, Germany), (Stockwell et. Al. 1977), EUROS (RIVM, The Netherlands), (Lagner J. et al. 1998), EMEP Eulerian (DNMI, Oslo, Norway), MATCH (SMHI, Norrkoping, Sweden), (Derwent R. and Jenkin M., 1991), REM3 (Free University of Berlin, Germany), (Walcek, C. 2000), CHIMERE (ISPL, Paris, France), (Schmidt H. et al., 2001), NILU-CTM (NILU, Kjeller, Norway), (Gardner et al. 1997), LOTOS (TNO, Apeldoorm, The Netherlands), (Roemer M. et al. 1996), DEM (NERI, Roskilde, Denmark), (Gery et al. 1989), OPANA model (San Jose R. et al. 1994, 1996, 1997) based on MEMO and MM5 mesoscale meteorological models and with the chemistry on-line solved by (Jacobson M.Z. and Turco R.P., 1994), STOCHEM (UK Met. Office, Bracknell, U.K.), (Collins et al., 1997) and CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality modelling system) (Byun et al., 1998), developed by EPA (USA). In USA, CAMx Environ Inc.,
Short Communication Fluorescent Siderophore-mediated Iron Deprivation-a Contingent Biological Control Mechanism

The surge of interest in fluorescent pseudomonads was spurred by discoveries that members of this group are capable of increasing plant growth and suppressing disease upon introduction into the soil or rhizosphere (Burr et al. The possible involvement of fluorescent siderophores (FS) in plant growth promotion and disease suppression has been inferred by observations that siderophore-producing pseu-domonads (Bakker et al. can promote plant growth and reduce the incidence of some soil-borne diseases when they are introduced into the soil. Hydroxamate side-rophores also may be important in the economy or metabolism of iron in microorganisms and probably in plants (Waid, 1975). The hypothesis that FS may play a role in growth promotion and disease suppression in the field is based on assumptions that production of FS and their Fe-chelation are not modulated by variable soil and rhizosphere conditions. Although hydroxamate siderophores (Waid, 1975) have been isolated from different soils (Powell et al., 1980), there is as yet no direct evidence that FS consistently are produced in the soil or in the rhizosphere under field conditions. Moreover, since FS production is totally shut-off in the presence of low concentrations of Fe in vitro (Kloepper cl al. 1980; Misaghi et ol. 1982). it is likely that FS either are not formed or are only produced in small quantities in those soils and rhizospheres where Fe concentrations are above the threshold levels. Additionally. soil and rhizosphere conditions favoring FS production may not necessarily be conducive to siderophore activity (i.e. to induce Fe deprivation by chelating available Fe). For example, soil and rhizosphere pH should modulate side-roohore chelation bv directlv affecting Fe availability. This-I in turn could influence the-extent to which siderophores affect pathogens. Our purpose was to examine the effect of pH, a highly variable soil factor. on FS-mediated iron deprivation. The effect of pH on the fungistatic activity of the FS was determined by a bioassay procedure (Misaghi er a/., 1982) using Prrhium uphanidermarum as a test fungus, A strain of Pseudomonas juorescens, recovered from field soil in Ati-zona, was streaked across the center of plates containing King's medium B (King et al., 1954) and held at 27°C for 36 h. Fluorescent siderophores which diffused into the agar were extracted by soaking several agar discs (aseptically removed distal to the bacterial streaks) in deionized sterile water for 1 h. Subsequently, the discs were removed and the siderophore solution was stored at 5°C until …
A STABLE SCALING OF NEWTON-SCHULZ FOR IMPROVING THE SIGN FUNCTION COMPUTATION OF A HERMITIAN MATRIX

The Newton-Schulz iteration is a quadratically convergent, inversion-free method for computing the sign function of a matrix. It is advantageous over other methods for high-performance computing because it is rich in matrix-matrix multiplications. In this paper we propose a variant for Hermitian matrices that improves the initially slow convergence of the iteration. The main idea is to scale the iteration to have steeper derivatives of the mapping function at the origin such that the convergence of the eigenvalues with small magnitudes is accelerated. The scaling is stable based on a backward stability result of Y. Nakatsukasa and N. J. Higham. Generally, the number of iterations is reduced by half compared with standard Newton-Schulz. With proper shifts of the matrix, this number may be further reduced. We demonstrate numerical calculations with matrices of size up to approximately 105 on medium-sized computing clusters and also apply the algorithm to electronic structure calculations.
WEAK CONVERGENCE THEOREM FOR THE ERGODIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE RENEWAL-REWARD PROCESS WITH A GAMMA DISTRIBUTED INTERFERENCE OF CHANCE

In this study, a renewal-reward process with a discrete interference of chance (X(t)) is investigated. The ergodic distribution of this process is expressed by a renewal function. We assume that the random variables {ζn}, n ≥ 1 which describe the discrete interference of chance form an ergodic Markov chain with the stationary gamma distribution with parameters (α, λ), α > 0, λ > 0. Under this assumption, an asymptotic expansion for the ergodic distribution of the stochastic process Wλ (t) = λ(X(t) − s) is obtained, as λ → 0. Moreover, the weak convergence theorem for the process Wλ (t) is proved, and the exact expression of the limit distribution is derived. Finally, the accuracy of the approximation formula is tested by the MonteCarlo simulation method.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN IMAGE QUALITY ASSESSMENT ALGORITHMS: A REVIEW

Image Quality Assessment (IQA) has become a subject of intense research interest in the recent years. The demand for accurate, consistent, computationally simple and easy-to-use quality assessment tools that can be used to measure, control, and improve the perceptual quality of images and video is increasing day by day. Applications of IQA include machine vision, medical imaging, multimedia communication, entertainment and other image processing activities. Systems embedded with IQA algorithms can replace humans for evaluating image quality in real-time applications and hard-to-reach environments. As most of the images are ultimately viewed by human observers, the best method to assess the quality of an image is by subjective tests by human observers. However, subjective tests are expensive, time consuming and difficult to perform in real-time applications. Therefore, these tests are done objectively using computer algorithms. These algorithms attempt to evaluate the quality of the image in the same way as how humans perceive image quality. In this article we present an up-to-date review on IQA research and its future trends, the principles and methodologies used in popular Full Reference IQA algorithms, the methodologies and parameters used for evaluating the performance of IQA algorithms and performance comparison of important IQA algorithms.
Title: Blood Flow Dynamics of One Cardiac Cycle and Relationship to Mechanotransduction

40 41 Analyses of form-function relationships during heart looping are directly related to technological 42 advances. Recent advances in 4-D optical coherence tomography (OCT) permit observations 43 of cardiac dynamics at high speed acquisition rates and high resolution. Real-time observation 44 of the avian stage 13 looping heart reveals that interactions between the endocardial and 45 myocardial compartments are more complex than previously depicted. Here we applied 4-D 46 OCT to elucidate the relationships of the endocardium, myocardium, and cardiac jelly 47 compartments in a single cardiac cycle during looping. Six cardiac levels along the longitudinal 48 heart tube were each analyzed at 15 time points from diastole to systole. Using image 49 analyses, the organization of mechanotransducing molecules, fibronectin, tenascin-C, alpha50 tubulin, and nonmuscle myosin-II was correlated with specific cardiac regions defined by OCT 51 data. Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) helped to visualize details of cardiac architectural 52 development in the embryonic mouse heart. Throughout the cardiac cycle, the endocardium 53 was consistently oriented between the midline of the ventral floor of the foregut and the outer 54 curvature of the myocardial wall with multiple endocardial folds allowing high volume capacities 55 during filling. The cardiac area fractional shortening is much higher than previously published. 56 The in vivo profile captured by OCT revealed an interaction of the looping heart with the 57 extraembryonic splanchnopleural membrane providing outside-in information. In summary, the 58 combined dynamic and imaging data show the developing structural capacity to accommodate 59 increasing flow and the mechanotransducing networks that organize to effectively facilitate 60 formation of the trabeculated four-chambered heart. 61 Word Count: 244 words 62 63
Molecular Epidemiology of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Food-Producing Animals in China

We conducted a molecular surveillance study for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) colonization in food-producing animals in China that included primarily swine and poultry for three consecutive years. A total of 2,771 samples from food-producing animals and their surrounding environments were collected from different regions in China from 2015 to 2017. Enrichment cultures supplemented with meropenem were used to isolate carbapenem non-susceptible isolates and these were subsequently identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Resistance phenotypes and genotypes were confirmed using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular biological techniques. Genomic characteristics of the carbapenemase-producing isolates were investigated using whole genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatic analysis. In total, 88 NDM-positive Enterobacteriaceae were identified from 2,771 samples and 96.6% were Escherichia coli. The New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-positive E. coli displayed a diversity of sequence types (ST), and ST48 and ST165 were the most prevalent. Three variants of blaNDM (blaNDM-1, blaNDM-4, and blaNDM-5) were detected and WGS indicated that blaNDM-5 predominated and was carried primarily on IncX3 plasmids. All these isolates were also multiply-drug resistant. These results revealed that food-producing animals in China are an important reservoir for NDM-positive E. coli and pose a potential threat to public health.
Carbon Isotope Discrimination as an Indicator of Vine Water Status is Comparable in Grape Must, Wine, and Distilled Wine Spirits

Measurement of carbon isotope discrimination (δ13C) in berry juice sugars provides an integrative indicator of grapevine water status during berry ripening. Characterizing vine water status during this critical period is useful because it has an important effect on the quality of grapes and the resulting wine. The δ13C of the sugar in grapes is also strongly correlated to the δ13C of the ethanol that results when they are fermented into wine. This then provides a means of estimating from a sample of wine the vine water status that existed during the corresponding berry ripening period, and can be used to establish relations between vine water status and specific sensory attributes of wine quality. The same would be possible for evaluating the sensory attributes of wine spirit (eau de vie) if it was understood how the δ13C signal was affected by the distillation process. In this study, the δ13C in eau de vie, produced by a double distillation process similar to that used in the Cognac region of France, was measured and compared to its source wine and parent grape must. A strong relationship was found between the δ13C of grape must and subsequent wine and eau de vie, suggesting the latter can indeed be used to estimate the vine water status that existed during the corresponding berry ripening period. In this way, future studies of sensory attributes of eau de vie can be linked to vine water status during berry ripening, such as has been done previously for wine.
Çèìááë Çê Çåaeáëììêêç Áååáaeae

Omnistereo Panoramas use a new scene-to-image projection, the circular projection, that enables stereo in a full 360 panoramic view. Circular projections are necessary since it is impossible to create two stereo panoramic images using the perspective projection. The circular projection that can generate omnistereo panoramas can be obtained by mosaicing images taken with a rotating video camera. But the capture with a rotating camera is limited to static scenes. In this paper two optical systems are presented that perform the circular projection in optics. One system uses a spiral mirror, and the other system uses a lens.