Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimisation of integrated process planning and scheduling using a particle swarm optimisation approach

Traditionally, process planning and scheduling are two independent essential functions in a job shop manufacturing environment. In this paper, a unified representation model for integrated process planning and scheduling (IPPS) has been developed. Based on this model, a modern evolutionary algorithm, i.e. the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm has been employed to optimise the IPPS problem. To explore the search space comprehensively, and to avoid being trapped into local optima, the PSO algorithm has been enhanced with new operators to improve its performance and different criteria, such as makespan, total job tardiness and balanced level of machine utilisation, have been used to evaluate the job performance. To improve the flexibility and agility, a re-planning method has been developed to address the conditions of machine breakdown and new order arrival. Case studies have been used to a verify the performance and efficiency of the modified PSO algorithm under different criteria. A comparison has been made between the result of the modified PSO algorithm and those of the genetic algorithm (GA) and the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm respectively, and different characteristics of the three algorithms are indicated. Case studies show that the developed PSO can generate satisfactory results in optimising the IPPS problem.
Two-dimensional spectrum for MEO SAR processing using a modified advanced hyperbolic range equation

To improve further the accuracy in the approximation of the range history for a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) onboard a medium-earth-orbit (MEO) satellite a fourth power term has been added to the advanced hyperbolic range equation (AHRE), and the new one is called a modified AHRE (MAHRE). Then, a two-dimensional spectrum using the MAHRE was derived, and the accuracy of the spectrum analysed. Promising results were obtained.
Dynamic test experiment system of single degree of freedom of Φ3.2 m wind tunnel

Post-stall maneuverability is a key technical indicator for modern fighter. It requires a fighter to maintain excellent dynamic behaviors at a high angle of attack. The dynamic stability derivative is a design input off light control system and one of its important sources is the wind tunnel test. In order to meet stricter quality requirements of test data, China Aerodynamics Research & Development Center (CARDC) has set up a forced oscillation dynamic test system based on single degree of freedom in the open test section of Φ3. 2 m wind tunnel. Based on the electronic cam, in this system, the servo motor-decelerator directly drives the supporting rod. The system simplifies the structure of device, reduces the number of moving parts as well as the mechanical clearance. Features of the system include: (1) a large variation range of frequencies and amplitudes, a higher control precision and step-less regulation; (2) independent variation of angle of attack and sideslip angle so that the combination of angle of attack and sideslip angle can be more convenient with higher test efficiency; (3) a small wind tunnel wall interference and support interference. Same set of devices can enable small amplitude dynamic derivatives test, large amplitude oscillatory test, and static force measurement, all of which contribute to a consistent measurement basis. With this test system, we developed a simplified fighter model dynamic test, obtaining dynamic derivatives and unsteady aerodynamic loads. Results of our tests verified the rationality and reliability of data as well as a high precision of repeatability.
The North American Breeding Bird Survey in Mexico, 2008 to 2018—A status report

Collection of avian population data has repeatedly been identified as a high priority for bird conservation in Mexico. To meet this need, in 2008 the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS), a volunteer-based survey, was expanded to include northern Mexico. The BBS in Mexico (Mexican BBS) is managed by the North American Bird Conservation Initiative (NABCI), Coordination Office Comisión la Biodiversidad (CONABIO). During 2008–18, 252 surveys were conducted along 68 routes in Mexico, with geographic coverage varying from year to year. Of these 68 routes, 36 were surveyed three or more times. Thirty-one observers conducted the surveys, and 21 of these observers conducted two or more surveys. Just two observers conducted more than one-third of the 252 surveys, and both observers were paid to conduct the surveys. The low availability of local observers who are qualified, willing, and able to volunteer their services to conduct BBS surveys may prove to be the biggest obstacle to the success of the Mexican BBS program, especially in the context of Mexico’s ongoing safety and security concerns. Apart from the amount of data collected, many surveys did not adhere to pre-established quality-control requirements, and this would result in the exclusion of a large percentage of the data from potential trend analyses. Only 31 percent of the surveys met all the quality-control criteria. Additional observer training may help resolve this issue. Of greater concern is the selection of region-specific sampling date windows during which the surveys are conducted. Observers consistently conducted surveys outside the preliminarily prescribed sampling date window, reflecting the re-evaluate the regional appropriateness of this date the data, Region boundaries) reached the suggested minimum of 14 sampled routes, and most routes were not run consistently. This report provides information needed for an evaluation of the merits of continuing to invest in the Mexican BBS program in its current form. Such an evaluation should consider the likelihood of achieving the primary project goal of produc ing reliable long-term population trend estimates, a projected timeline for meeting this goal, and include an assessment of the potential value of any additional data products.
Improvement of Vocal Detection Accuracy Using Convolutional Neural Networks

Vocal detection is one of the fundamental steps in musical information retrieval. Typically, the detection process consists of feature extraction and classification steps. Recently, neural networks are shown to outperform traditional classifiers. In this paper, we report our study on how to improve detection accuracy further by carefully choosing the parameters of the deep network model. Through experiments, we conclude that a feature-classifier model is still better than an end-to-end model. The recommended model uses a spectrogram as the input plane and the classifier is an 18-layer convolutional neural network (CNN). With this arrangement, when compared with existing literature, the proposed model improves the accuracy from 91.8% to 94.1% in Jamendo dataset. As the dataset has an accuracy of more than 90%, the improvement of 2.3% is difficult and valuable. If even higher accuracy is required, the ensemble learning may be used. The recommend setting is a majority vote with seven proposed models. Doing so, the accuracy increases by about 1.1% in Jamendo dataset.
EUV-mask pattern inspection using current DUV reticle inspection tool

EUV mask pattern inspection was investigated using current DUV reticle inspection tool. Designed defect pattern of 65nm node and 45nm node were prepared. We compared inspection sensitivity between before buffer etch pattern and after buffer etch pattern, and between die to die mode and die to database mode. Inspection sensitivity difference was not observed between before buffer etch pattern and after buffer etch pattern. In addition to defect inspection, wafer print simulation of program defect was investigated. Simulation results were compared to inspection result. We confirmed current DUV reticle inspection tool has potential for EUV mask defect inspection.
Optimal control method for wind farm to support temporary primary frequency control with minimised wind energy cost

This study proposes an optimal control method for variable speed wind turbines (VSWTs) based wind farm (WF) to support temporary primary frequency control. This control method consists of two layers: temporary frequency support control (TFSC) of the VSWT, and temporary support power optimal dispatch (TSPOD) of the WF. With TFSC, the VSWT could temporarily provide extra power to support system frequency under varying and wide-range wind speed. In the WF control centre, TSPOD optimally dispatches the frequency support power orders to the VSWTs that operate under different wind speeds, minimises the wind energy cost of frequency support, and satisfies the support capabilities of the VSWTs. The effectiveness of the whole control method is verified in the IEEE-RTS built in MATLAB\Simulink, and compared with a published de-loading method.
Time Series Measurement Based on Multiscale High Order Entropy and Roughness Grain Exponents

In multiscale time series analysis, multiscale entropy provides a good framework to quantify the information of time series. Multiscale fractional high-order entropy based on roughness grain exponents (MFHER) is able to identify dynamical, scale dependent and oscillation information. In detail, MFHERcan be seen as a powerful tool to assess the complex characteristics of time series. A set of synthetic time series and an application of real world data financial series are researched. The results show that high order entropy performs well in distinguishing different time series. It has also been found fractional high order entropy is highly sensitive to parameter variation and thus provides a broad perspective to research the complexity of dynamic systems. This study gains an insight into the measurement of MFHER to demonstrate the wide applicability of entropy measures.Aiming at the complexity of network and the uncertainty of internal and external environment, this paper proposes MFHER to quantify the time series information on multiscale time scales. It is of great interests in identifying dynamical properties of nancial series. The results show that the volatility of the sequence is gradually stable when the scale is greater than four. High order entropy can identify the difference among the time series.
Creep and Shrinkage Behavior of High-strength Concrete and Minimum Reinforcement Ratio for Bridge Columns

This paper summarizes the findings of an extensive research program that examined the shrinkage and creep behavior of high-strength concrete (HSC) up to a strength of 18 ksi (124 MPa). Creep and shrinkage strains of 60 specimens were monitored for up to 2 years. The variables considered in this research were the concrete compressive strength, specimen size, curing type, age of concrete at loading, and loading stress level. Findings indicate that the current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials' (AASHTO) LRFD Bridge Design Specifications could be used to estimate the creep coefficient and shrinkage strain of HSC up to 15 ksi (103 MPa). However, the current AASHTO LRFD specifications do not provide appropriate predictions for concrete compressive strength greater than 15 ksi (103 MPa). A revised time-development correction factor is proposed to obtain better predictions for HSC up to 18 ksi (124 MPa). For HSC compression members, the current AASHTO LRFD specifications require an excessive amount of minimum longitudinal reinforcement to account for the long-term effects due to shrinkage and creep. Based on an analysis, a new relationship is proposed for the required minimum reinforcement ratio.
The Development of Child Pedestrian Training in the United Kingdom 2002–2011: A National Survey of Local Authorities

Approximately two thirds of the children killed or seriously injured on Great Britain's roads are child pedestrians. Recognizing this issue, the Department for Transport introduced and evaluated a pilot child pedestrian training scheme, Kerbcraft, from 2002 to 2007. Kerbcraft aimed to teach roadside pedestrian skills to children between age 5 and 7 and was successfully trialled across 75 local authorities in England and Scotland. The UK government has since recommended Kerbcraft as the best practice example for roadside child pedestrian training. This article revisits a sample of local authorities that participated in the pilot and presents the findings from a new survey: identifying the status of child pedestrian training and assessing how the delivery, evaluation, and learning mechanisms have changed since the pilot. The results suggest that following on from the Kerbcraft scheme, the majority of local authorities continue to provide pedestrian training but in an adapted form—often delivering less training than that suggested by the Kerbcraft model. The implications are discussed.
Derivation of motor line-current waveforms from the DC-link current of an inverter

A technique for reconstructing squirrel cage motor line currents using information from a single current transducer in the DC-link of an inverter is presented. All the instantaneous motor line currents can be reconstructed with a bandwidth limited to half the inverter switching frequency. These waveforms are used to produce a high-bandwidth signal, proportional to the scalar magnitude of the line current, and which is suitable for motor control purposes. A simple, low-cost implementation of the scheme demonstrates accurate results in a practical motor drive.
A Comparison of Five User Interface Devices Designed for Point-of-Sale in the Retail Industry

Although human performance on keyboards, pointing devices, and touch screens in the desktop environment has been studied and reported to the extent that the results can be used to determine productivity rates from those devices, little research has been conducted on devices used in controlled environments, like that of point-of-sale in the retail industry. While previous devices available for user interaction in this environment have been 2×20 displays and industry specific keyboards, current technology has moved the industry to implement CRTs, LCDs, full keyboards, touch screens and uniquely designed devices like the NCR DynaKey, an integrated LCD, keypad and dynamically assignable function keys. A full understanding of human performance on these devices was required to aid retailers in cost justifying their investment in them. Laboratory research was conducted to compare performance of basic point-of-sale tasks on a CRT with 56-key keyboard, 3 versions of an LCD touch screen, and the NCR DynaKey. Participants performed keying tasks, item modification tasks, a combination of item modification and scanning, and the same combination of item modification and scanning with a secondary monitoring task imposed. Time and error rates showed significant differences among the user interface devices for each of the task requirements in this research. Overall, mechanically keyed numeric entry was superior to touch screen numeric entry, mechanical keys were more advantageous with increased skill levels, and the integration of input mechanism and display as well as direct mapping between input and display enhanced performance.
Acoustic Optimization for Intake System of Commercial Bus

Based on simulation and test, a method for engine acoustical source characteristic extraction and acoustic optimization was presented. The intake noise of engine of commercial bus with four different acoustical loads was measured and the characteristic of the noise was extracted using the four-load method. The values of intake noise calculated by BEM were compared with the values measured in the vehicle intake noise test. The comparison result showed that the simulation values agreed with the experimental ones at most of the range which indicated that the extracted result was reliable. The anechoic frequency was determined by analyzing the intake noise spectrum measured in the vehicle intake noise test. Finally, an effective scheme adding a Helmholtz resonator and a quarter wave tube was proposed by simulation, applied to the real vehicle and verified in the test. The acoustic performance of the intake system was improved significantly.
E-plane and H-plane slab loaded waveguide solutions

A full design capability for electromagnetic waveguides should include the field solution, the modal hierarchy, impedance models, the cut-off and propagation planes with the ability to optimise parameters and synthesise designs. As cut-off frequencies and optimisation are problematic for numerical methods, closed-form solutions are always preferred. In this article, we reformulate Maxwell's equations into two coupled potential equations to characterise both E-plane and H-plane slab loaded waveguides. An experimental resonant cavity is constructed to confirm the dispersion characteristics of the single broadwall H-plane slab and a quarter wavelength impedance transformer is designed to match a toroidal ferrite phase shifter to rectangular waveguide.
Performance of 8-PSK trellis codes over nonlinear fading mobile satellite channels

In this paper a new analytical bound for large effective code length codes (ECL) is derived. The accuracy of the analytical bounds is validated by simulation. Based on the new bound a trellis code design procedure for fading channels is defined. A quasi-analytical technique for BER estimation on nonlinear channels is proposed. This method is used to estimate the performance degradation of nonlinear communication systems with the pilot tone.
Enhancing sustainable infrastructure with the aid of the Green Infrastructure Toolkit

It is globally acknowledged that there is a growing need for co ordination of design, sustainability, economic and environmental requirements of infrastructure projects. The provision of civil infrastructure plays a major role on the natural environment and on the quality of life. The lack of appropriate tools and skills for sustainable design is often quoted as a barrier to sustainable design Richardson et al. (Design and Sustainability: A Scoping Report for the Sustainable Design Forum, 2005). A systematic and iterative analysis of the environmental impact of various design solutions is commonly suggested for infrastructure projects, but rarely happens. In order to stay competitive and to meet upcoming stricter environmental regulations and customer requirements, designers have a key role in designing civil infrastructure so that it is environmentally sustainable. These and other factors have compelled the engineer to design with greater care and in more detail. The changing roles of engineers will be highlighted, in order to react to changes in climate. In the area of sustainability, there is an urgent need to apply technologies and methods that deliver better and more sustainable performance in a way that is cost effective. Sustainability, adaptive and mitigative approaches to climate change, in the design of infrastructure are therefore important steering elements (FIDIC, State of the World Infrastructure Report 2009). This paper discusses the application of ‘green technology’ on infrastructure design projects. It gives an overview of the proposed Green Township Infrastructure Design Toolkit and looks at a number of recommended green practices on infrastructure services design, that are environmentally sound, placing fewer burdens on the environment.
A Monolithic GaAs 1-13-GHz Traveling-Wave Amplifier

This paper describes a monolithic GaAs traveling-wave amplifier with 9-dB gain and +-1-dB gain flatness in the 1-13-GHz frequency range. The circuit is realized in monolithic form on a 0.1-mm GaAs substrate with 50-Omega input and output lines. In this approach GaAs FET's periodically load input and output microstrip lines and provide the coupling between them with proper phase through their transconductance. Experimental results and the circuit details of such a structure are discussed. Initial results of a noise analysis and predictions on the noise performance are also given.
Human lateral Frontal Pole contributes to control over social-emotional behaviour

Emotion regulation is essential for human social interactions. Recent work has exposed its cognitive complexity, as well as its unexpected reliance on portions of the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) also involved in relational reasoning, rather than on dorsolateral and medial prefrontal areas involved in several forms of cognitive control. This study anatomically qualifies the contribution of aPFC territories to the regulation of social-emotional actions, relating emotional regulation to other cognitive processes that have been associated with the aPFC, and explores a possible structural pathway through which emotional regulation might be implemented. We provide converging evidence from task-based fMRI, diffusion-weighted imaging, and resting-state connectivity fingerprints for a novel neural element in emotion regulation. Task-based fMRI differentiated, within the same participants, aPFC territories involved in social-emotional regulation from territories known to support relational processing. Connectivity fingerprints, based on diffusion-weighted imaging and resting-state connectivity, localized those task-defined frontal regions to an anatomically-defined portion of the aPFC, the lateral frontal pole (FPl). Probabilistic tractography indicated that a fifth of inter-individual variation in social-emotional regulation abilities is accounted by the strength of structural connectivity between FPl and amygdala. These findings provide novel neuroanatomical evidence for incorporating FPl in models of social-emotional regulation.
An Integrated Strategy for the Control of a Full Vehicle Active Suspension System

SUMMARY This paper presents a new methodology for sub-system integration in dynamic control systems. Based on deterministic optimal control concepts, the method relies on a policy of distributed design, using simplified sub-system models. and centralised control which may employ real-time optimization of a composite Hamiltonian function. The application presented is that of a full-vehicle active suspension system controlling body pitch and roll attitude angles, as well as primary and secondary suspension variables and body bounce accelerations. Benefits of the approach include an inherent flexibility at the design stage, and significant performance improvement over that achieved by isolated sub-system control synthesis. Fault tolerance is also improved by the integrated strategy.