Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
People Meet People: A Microlevel Approach to Predicting the Effect of Policies on the Spread of Covid-19

Governments worldwide are adopting nuanced policy measures to reduce the number of Covid-19 cases with minimal social and economic costs. Epidemiological models have a hard time predicting the effects of such fine grained policies. We propose a novel simulation-based model to address this shortcoming. We build on state-of-the-art agent-based simulation models but replace the way contacts between susceptible and infected people take place. Firstly, we allow for heterogeneity in the types of contacts (e.g. recurrent or random) and in the infectiousness of each contact type. Secondly, we strictly separate the number of contacts from the probabilities that a contact leads to an infection. The number of contacts changes with social distancing policies, the infection probabilities remain invariant. This allows us to model many types of fine grained policies that cannot easily be incorporated into other models. To validate our model, we show that it can accurately predict the effect of the German November lockdown even if no similar policy has been observed in the time series that were used to estimate the model parameters.
Proton- and Neutron-Induced Fission Cross Sections and Fission Probability in the Intermediate Energy Region

New results are presented of the intermediate energy neutron- and proton-induced fission cross sections of nuclei in the lead region. These results, together with earlier ones, are used for comparison of the fission probability of nuclei induced by protons and neutrons. Possible physical reasons of observed differences in proton- and neutron-induced fission cross sections are discussed.
Deep Learning: Implications for Human Learning and Memory

Recent years have seen an explosion of interest in deep learning and deep neural networks. Deep learning lies at the heart of unprecedented feats of machine intelligence as well as software people use every day. Systems built on deep learning have surpassed human capabilities in complex strategy games like go and chess, and we use them for speech recognition, image captioning, and a wide range of other applications. A consideration of deep learning is crucial for a Handbook of Human Memory, since human brains are deep neural networks, and an understanding of artificial deep learning systems may contribute to our understanding of how humans and animals learn and remember.
OPBUS: Automating Structural Fault Diagnosis for Graphical Models in the Design of Business Processes

When quality is considered in the design stages of business processes, fault diagnosis must be taken into account. In the business process modeling area there exist several proposed graphical languages. These languages have many different graphical elements that could contain structural fault modes in accordance with the corresponding standard used. It is essential to aid designers to diagnose faults within the graphical models for the business processes before they are put into execution; this is a major factor in risk avoidance. The graphical models must satisfy their associated graphical structural constraints. For organizations compliance is of major importance. Automation of the diagnosis in the design stage is necessary in order to diagnose the non-compliance to the graphical structural constraints of a business process as soon as possible. This article presents a framework with automatic diagnosing capabilities. It provides an early diagnosis of badly designed business processes. This paper describes the proposed general framework and focuses on fault diagnosis where the compliance to graphical structural constraints can be analyzed using various approaches of business processes.
Covariance Stationary Processes

We will focus much of our attention on linear covariance stationary models with a finite number of parameters. In particular, we will study stationary ARMA processes, which form a cornerstone of the standard theory of time series analysis. Every ARMA processes can be represented in linear state space form. However, ARMA have some important structure that makes it valuable to study them separately.
MULTI-BLOCK BOUNDARY VALUE METHODS FOR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL AND DIFFERENTIAL ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS

In this paper, multi-block generalized backward differentiation methods for numerical solutions of ordinary differential and differential algebraic equations are introduced. This class of linear multi-block methods is implemented as multi-block boundary value methods (MB2VMs). The root distribution of the stability polynomial of the new class of methods are determined using the Wiener-Hopf factorization of a matrix polynomial for the purpose of their correct implementation. Numerical tests, showing the potential of such methods for output of multi-block of solutions of the ordinary differential equations in the new approach are also reported herein. The methods which output multi-block of solutions of the ordinary differential equations on application, are unlike the conventional linear multistep methods which output a solution at a point or the conventional boundary value methods and multi-block methods which output only a block of solutions per step. The MB2VMs introduced herein is a novel approach at developing very large scale integration methods (VLSIM) in the numerical solution of differential equations.
Validation of the CO2/N2O Analogy Using Molecular Simulation

CO2 readily reacts in aqueous amine solutions. The properties of free CO2 in amine solutions are therefore difficult to obtain directly and are often predicted from the nonreacting molecule N2O due to the similarities in mass and structure. This often-used empirical “CO2/N2O analogy” is verified in this work using molecular simulation. Continuous fractional component Monte Carlo (CFCMC) simulations in the osmotic ensemble were used to compute the Henry coefficients of CO2 and N2O in the solvents water, ethanol, n-heptane, and a 30% aqueous MEA solution at a temperature of 303 K. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to compute the self-diffusivities of CO2 and N2O in the aforementioned solvents at 303 K. Different force fields for CO2 and water were used. The computed Henry coefficients and self-diffusivities of CO2 and N2O in the solvents are in good agreement with available experimental data. The simulation results indicate that the CO2/N2O analogy is valid for aqueous MEA solution at 303 K.
Accurate assessment of children’s physical activ-

Accurate assessment of children’s physical activity and sedentary behavior is a challenging research topic. Numerous parameters and variability of physical activity in children make it difficult for monitoring [1]. Children are engaged in different activities during the day. Their activity pattern during unstructured spontaneous play is characterized by short intervals of intense physical activities combined with different intervals of low and moderate physical activities [1]. When children start going to school, their activity patterns change significantly [2]. Different methods and instruments have been developed for the assessment of physical activity and sedentary behavior in children. Considering strengths and limitations of each method, the choice of the most suitable method for a particular study depends on the research topic, target population, costs, etc [3]. Objective methods for the assessment of children’s physical activity include accelerometry, pedometry, heart rate monitoring, doubly-labeled water, and direct Summary Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine the agreement between parents’ and children’s reports of children’s physical activity and screen-based sedentary activities. Material and Methods. The sample included 7 10 year-old children (n = 94) and their parents (n = 94) in a local community in Vojvodina. Parents and children separately completed questionnaires about the types of physical and sedentary activities and the time children spent in different activities during one day. The agreement between children’s and parents’ responses was calculated using Cohen’s kappa. The differences in parents’ and children’s responses in relation to gender and grade the students attended were analyzed using χ2 test. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. The highest level of agreement (κ = 0.74; p = 0.00) was found for the questions concerning physical activity in the morning before going to school. The lowest level of agreement was found for watching TV in the morning before going to school (κ = 0.21; p = 0.04). Children reported spending more time in screen-based sedentary activities than their parents. Conclusion. This research showed that there are differences in reports of children’s physical activities and screen time obtained from children aged 7 to 10 years and their parents. The lowest level of agreement was found for watching television, indicating low level of awareness and control of this screen-based sedentary behavior.
Pepperdine Digital Commons Pepperdine Digital Commons Developing EI: leadership journeys in emotional intelligence Developing EI: leadership journeys in emotional intelligence

Emotional intelligence (EI) has been deemed a critical competency for leaders in today’s world. However, there is little information to help OD practitioners, leaders, and organizations understand how leaders can develop these valuable skills in ways that meaningfully and positively impact their teams and organizations. This study examined the journeys of senior leaders as they developed their emotional intelligence. The study addressed two research questions: how leaders perceive they have developed their emotional intelligence throughout their lifetimes and how leaders are continuing to develop their emotional intelligence in their lives and careers. Key themes emerged out of leader interviews and were coded, analyzed, and summarized. Key findings were discussed. Recommendations for leaders include engaging in and reflecting on challenging life and work experiences and participating in EI training, while recommendations for OD practitioners include providing stretch opportunities and thoughtfully constructing leadership development programs to prompt self-awareness, practical application, and reflection.
Human-like learning Framework for frequency-skewed multi-level classification

Contemporary deep neural network based classiﬁcation systems are typically designed to learn information at a single level of granularity from datasets in which all items occur with equal frequency. Humans, on the other hand, acquire information at several different levels of granularity from experiences that contain some items more frequently than others. This allows us to learn and differentiate frequent items better from other items. We investigate the consequence of learning from a natural frequency/multi-level dataset in a deep neural network designed to model the human neocortex, complemented in some simulations with a replay buffer, playing the role of the human hippocampus. The NC network, when trained on its own, is able to learn more frequent items relatively quickly and differentiate them better from other items, as human learners do. However, the network’s performance on infrequent and unseen examples pays a price in generalization performance compared to a standard training regime. The replay buffer serves to ameliorate these deﬁciencies, and we introduce a computationally and psychologically motivated replay weighting scheme that performs better than two alternatives.
Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analyses of Oestrus ovis Larvae Causing Human Nasopharyngeal Myiasis Based on CO 1 Barcode Sequences

Address for Correspondence/Yazar Adresi: Gupse Kübra Karademir MD, Erciyes University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Parasitology Department, Kayseri, Turkey Phone/Tel: +90 352 207 66 66 E-mail/E-Posta: gupsekarademir@gmail.com ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3594-1770 Karademir GK, Usluğ S, Okur M, İnci A, Yıldırım A. Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analyses of Oestrus ovis Larvae Causing Human Naso-pharyngeal Myiasis Based on CO1 Barcode Sequences. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2020;44(1):43-7. Cite this article as:
Disease Diagnosis Prevention and Control of Diseases in L. vannamei

In Aquaculture, especially shrimp farming, has witnessed tremendous growth in the last several years, and this has been achieved through expansion, intensification and diversification. Like in other shrimp growing countries, major transformation in shrimp production has been witnessed in India, after switching over from native species, Penaeus monodon to the non-native species, whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei which was introduced during 2009-10. Ever since the introduction of P. vannamei, the area under farming as well as the production have increased remarkably. According to MPEDA (2015), farming area has increased from 283 ha in 2009-10 to 50,241 ha in 2014-15 and the production has also grown from 1731 to 353,413 metric tonnes. However, as happened in the case of P. monodon, P. vannamei farming also has been experiencing largescale production losses due to a variety of diseases. These diseases have been either due to infectious aetiology, poor management measures, spurious seed, water pollution. Diseases are the outcome of imbalance between environment, host and pathogen. The impact of disease is a combination of several factors such as mass mortality of shrimp, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 9 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Targeting through Social Norms: Experimental Evidence from India's #GiveItUp Campaign

Social norms about who is deserving may help target public benefits, by making sure people in need receive benefits or by excluding people with lesser need to reduce costs. The Government of India launched a campaign to use norms to improve the targeting of a cooking gas subsidy used by 220 million households. The campaign, called Give It Up, asks beneficiary households to voluntarily forfeit cooking gas subsidies so the money can be used to subsidize the poor instead. We propose a field experiment to test whether this approach to change social norms affects subsidy use. The randomized saturation design encourages individual households to forfeit their own subsidies though a direct-mail solicitation, and varies the proportion of their neighbors who are similarly encouraged, in order to measure whether subsidy use decisions spill over across neighbors. The main policy outcome, usage of the cooking gas subsidy, will be measured with high-quality administrative data in a sample of 1.2 million gas-using households. Timeline. The intervention was carried out in a mass marketing experiment from October through December 2018. The analysis will use data from two sources, a household survey and an administrative data set on gas consumption. The household survey was run in December 2018 through April 2019. We have completed the household survey but not accessed the survey data. Our main outcomes are from administrative data on gas consumption and subsidy transfers. We have collected this data for the baseline period, up through April 2018, and use it for power analysis. We have not collected any post-intervention administrative data. We will collect the administrative data for a period of roughly 12 months after the intervention, up through December 2019. We expect to get access to this administrative data by March 2020, and complete the study shortly thereafter.
Relaxation phenomena in condensed matter

Theory of the Dynamic Susceptibility of Magnetic Fluids (M. Shliomis & V. Stepanov). A Semiclassical Theory of Dielectric Relaxation and Absorption: Memory Function Approach to Extended Rotational Diffusion Models of Molecular Reorientations in Fluids (Y. Kalmykov & S. Titov). The Complex Susceptibility of a Liberating Dipole an Axially Symmetric Potential Well (V. Gaiduk & B. Tseitlin). Structure and Structure--Sensitive Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes (A. Lyashchenko). Far--Infrared and Low--Frequency Raman Spectra of Condensed Media (T. Perova). Millimeter Absorption Spectroscopy of Aqueous Systems (Y. Khurgin, et al.). Relaxation Phenomena of Magnetic Excitations in Ferromagnetic Media (S. Nikitov). The Effective Field Method in the Orientational Kinetics of Magnetic Fluids and Liquid Crystals (Y. Raikher & M. Shliomis). Indexes.
Trust and Reciprocity: Groups versus Individuals and Behavior versus Perceptions

Acknowledgment: I would like to acknowledge my dissertation committee, Rekha Karambayya, Elizabeth Maynes, Ward Struthers, and Mark Weber, for their support and encouragement throughout this research project. I thank Bram Cadsby for reading earlier versions of this work and making many helpful comments and suggestions. Finally, I acknowledge with gratitude funding from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. EES 2004 : Experiments in Economic Sciences New Approaches to Solving Real-world Problems
Development of LC-QTOF method for analysis of extracts from urinary catheters

Urinary catheters are made of polymers which in some cases contain a number of additives in order to get certain properties such as mechanical flexibility and prolonged shelf-life. To prove costumer safety, a manufacturer need to extract and analyse these additives by a number of different methods. This master thesis presents the method development of a liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight instrument (LC-QTOF). The aim of the study was to produce a method that could separate and characterize five known additives in extracts from urinary catheters. The extraction of catheters was performed with 2-propanol according to International Organization of Standards, ISO 10993-12:2007. Starting with an already established liquid chromatography method with UV detection (LC-UV), known to separate the additives, two different columns were tested with a water-acetonitrile gradient. Early in the study, two different ion sources, the Electrospray (ESI) and Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) were evaluated based on their ability to ionize the five additives. APCI turned out to be the superior ion source which also was supported by the literature. Therefore the method development was performed with APCI in positive mode. A study on how acid addition to the mobile phase affected the ionization was also conducted. The evaluation however indicated no improvement in ion signal for any of the additives. When evaluating the flow rate, it showed that the APCI ion source perform better at flow rates greater than or equal to 0.5 ml/min. To optimize the ion source six different parameters were varied in an experimental design using the software MODDE. The results showed that in order to increase the ionization of all five additives the method needed to be divided into two time segments with different parameter settings. The final method proved successful when analysing extracts from three different types of catheters. The aimed additives could be identified along with a number of unknown peaks. Some of the unknown peaks were later identified as Erucamide fragments by their masses and isotopic pattern.
Design, Synthesis and Mechanistic Studies of Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Hypoxia Inducible Factor Pathway

Cancer accounts for nearly one-quarter of deaths in the United States, exceeded only by heart diseases. In 2006, there were 559,888 cancer deaths in the US. Finding effective treatments for cancer is a major challenge among researchers. In solid tumor, hypoxia increases the progression of malignancy and metastasis by promoting angiogenesis. The transcription factor HIF-1 is responsible for the regulation of cellular processes, including glycolysis and angiogenesis. Clinical evidence has determined that expression of HIF-1 is strongly associated with poor patient prognosis. Also, activation of HIF-1 contributes to malignant behavior and therapeutic resistance. In view of these observations, there is a need for anti-cancer treatments that addresses hypoxic related tumors. HIF-1 presents a viable target for inhibition of tumor growth with small molecules. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of small molecules that inhibit the HIF-1 pathway, as well as mechanistic studies involved in the investigation of the mode of action of these compounds. INDEX WORDS: HIF-1, Hypoxia, Small-molecule inhibitors DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND MECHANISTIC STUDIES OF SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITORS OF THE HYPOXIA INDUCIBLE FACTOR PATHWAY
Topology and Physics of Circular DNA

Foreword. Introduction. BASIC PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DNA. DNA STRUCTURE. Single-Stranded DNA. The Double Helix. Alternative Forms of the Double Helix. Other Regular Structures. Hairpins and Cruciform Structures. FLEXIBILITY OF THE DOUBLE HELIX. Macromolecular Conformation in Solution. Chains with Correlated Direction of Adjacent Links. Persistence Length of DNA. Excluded Volume Effect. Torsional Rigidity of the Double Helix. CONFORMATIONAL TRANSITIONS. General Properties of Conformational Transitions. Statistical-Mechanical Treatment of Conformational Transitions. Helix-Coil Transition. B-A Transition. B-Z Transition. CIRCULAR DNA AND SUPERCOILING. THE CIRCULAR FORM OF DNA. The Discovery of Circular DNA. The Topological Aspect of Inter-Strand Linkage. Linking Number Difference and Superhelical Density: Topoisomers. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF SUPERCOILING. Determining the Linking Number Difference. The Dependence of Superhelical Density on Solution Conditions. Superhelicity of Circular DNA Isolated from Cells. Obtaining DNA with a Preset Superhelical Density. SUPERCOILING ENERGY. TOPOISOMERASES. GEOMETRY AND TOPOLOGY OF CIRCULAR DNA. RIBBON THEORY. Writhe and Twist. Principal Properties of Writhe. CONFORMATIONS OF SUPERCOILED DNA. Torsional Rigidity of the Double Helix. Computer Simulation of Supercoiling. Experimental Studies of Supercoiled DNA Conformations. Thermodynamics of Supercoiling. CYCLIZATION OF DNA. KNOTTED AND LINKED DNA. Types of Knots and Linkages. Theoretical Analysis of Knots and Linkages. Knots and Linkages in DNA. Topological Approach to the Study of the Mechanisms of Enzymatic Reactions. FORMATION OF NONCANONICAL STRUCTURES UNDER THE IMPACT OF NEGATIVE SUPERCOILING. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF NONCANONICAL STRUCTURES IN CIRCULAR DNA. Methods of Localization of Structural Transitions. The Method of Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis. THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE FORMATION OF NONCANONICAL STRUCTURES. CRUCIFORM STRUCTURES. THE LEFT-HANDED Z-FORM. MELTING OF CLOSED CIRCULAR DNA. THE H-FORM. THE INFLUENCE OF SUPERCOILING ON THE B-A TRANSITION. STATISTICAL-MECHANICAL ANALYSIS. MUTUAL INFLUENCE AND COMPETITION OF DIFFERENT STRUCTURAL TRANSITIONS. KINETICS OF THE FORMATION OF NONCANONICAL STRUCTURES IN CIRCULAR DNA. THE USE OF CIRCULAR DNA IN STUDIES OF THE DOUBLE HELIX AND ITS GENERAL PROPERTIES. FINDING THE HELICAL REPEAT OF THE DOUBLE HELIX. FINDING THE DOUBLE HELIX UNWINDING ANGLE UPON LIGAND BINDING. DNA SUPERCOILING INSIDE THE CELL. SUPERHELICAL STRESS. EXISTENCE OF NONCANONICAL STRUCTURE WITHIN A CELL. TRANSCRIPTION-INDUCED DNA SUPERCOILING.