Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Translating What Works

Background: The most efficacious strategies to improve diabetes control include case management, health care team changes, patient education, and facilitated transmission of patient data to clinicians (“facilitated relay”), but these strategies have not been translated to permit general use in clinical practice. Methods: A web-based decision support program was developed to include these features, and assessed in patients who had A1c ≥7.0% despite using metformin with/without sulfonylureas or insulin. Staff entered patients’ glucose data, obtained management recommendations, reviewed the plan with a clinician, and discussed the new plan with patients. Results: 113 subjects were 96% male and 32% black, with average age 65.6 years and BMI 32.8. During prior primary care, A1c averaged 8.32 ± 0.16% (SEM). In all patients, baseline A1c was 8.18 ± 0.11%, and decreased to 7.54 ± 0.12%, 7.16 ± 0.13%, and 7.54 ± 0.16% at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively, all P < . 001. In 42 subjects who provided glucose data and made requested changes in medications, A1c was 8.12 ± 0.09% at baseline and fell to 7.29 ± 0.11%, 6.98 ± 0.10%, and 7.05 ± 0.10% at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively, all P < . 001. Chart review of 16 subjects followed for 12 months demonstrated that hypoglycemia (symptoms and/or glucose <70 mg/dl) averaged less than 1 episode/patient/month, and there was no severe hypoglycemia. Conclusions: A novel decision support program improved A1c with little hypoglycemia. Use of this approach should allow primary care teams to keep patients well controlled, and reduce the need for specialist referrals.
Changes in Levels of Cellular Constituents in Suspension Culture of Catharanthus roseus Associated with Inorganic Phosphate Depletion

Abstract Changes in growth and the level of various cellular constituents were monitored for 96 h after transfer of stationary phase cells of Catharanthus roseus to fresh complete (“+Pi”) or phosphate deficient (“-Pi”) Murashige-Skoog medium. In the cultures transferred to “+Pi” medium, cell number and fresh weight increased rapidly after an initial lag period, while little or no increase in cell number or fresh weight was observed in cultures transferred to “-Pi” medium. The levels of ATP, glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), fructose-6-phosphate (F6P), RNA and protein, increased in the cultures in “ + Pi” medium, while the levels of free amino acids decreased. In contrast, we found a decrease in the levels of ATP, G6P and F6P and an increase in the levels of free amino acids in the cultures in “-Pi” medium. Appreciable DNA synthesis was observed only in cells growing in “+Pi” medium, at 72 h after cell transfer. The rate of RNA synthesis in the “+Pi” culture was generally higher than that in the “-Pi” culture. The levels of ethanol soluble-phenolic compounds increased transiently in the cells grown in both media just after cell transfer, but the level in the “+Pi” culture decreased progressively with cell division. The metabolic role of inorganic phosphate in metabolism of Catharanthus roseus cells is discussed.
WikipEvent: Temporal Event Data for the Semantic Web

In this demo we present WikipEvent, an exploratory system that captures and visualises continuously evolving complex event structures, along with the involved entities. The framework facilitates entity-centric and event-centric search, presented via a user-friendly interface and supported by temporal snippets from corresponding Wikipedia page versions. The events detected and extracted using different mechanisms are exposed as freely available Linked Data for further reuse.
Simultaneous digital focusing and motion blur removal using segmentation-based adaptive regularization

Recently, many image processing systems are required to offer high-quality images. For example, when we use a surveillance system with a digital camcorder and a digital video recorder, it is highly probable that the acquired image suffers from various image degradation, such as motion blur and out-of- focus blur. With such degradation, we cannot obtain important information. This is mainly cased by limited performance of image formation system. In this work, we investigate the causes of focus blur and motion blur. With the simultaneous formulation of the corresponding degradation, we propose a spatially adaptive regularization algorithm for restoring out- of-focus and motion blurred images. Accordingly, we present a method to estimate blur parameters and a segmentation method for spatially adaptive processing.
Activating Transcription Factor 4 Is Translationally Regulated by Hypoxic Stress

ABSTRACT Hypoxic stress results in a rapid and sustained inhibition of protein synthesis that is at least partially mediated by eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) phosphorylation by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase PERK. Here we show through microarray analysis of polysome-bound RNA in aerobic and hypoxic HeLa cells that a subset of transcripts are preferentially translated during hypoxia, including activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), an important mediator of the unfolded protein response. Changes in mRNA translation during the unfolded protein response are mediated by PERK phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2α at Ser-51. Similarly, PERK is activated and is responsible for translational regulation under hypoxic conditions, while inducing the translation of ATF4. The overexpression of a C-terminal fragment of GADD34 that constitutively dephosphorylates eIF2α was able to attenuate the phosphorylation of eIF2α and severely inhibit the induction of ATF4 in response to hypoxic stress. These studies demonstrate the essential role of ATF4 in the response to hypoxic stress, define the pathway for its induction, and reveal that GADD34, a target of ATF4 activation, negatively regulates the eIF2α-mediated inhibition of translation. Taken with the concomitant induction of additional ER-resident proteins identified by our microarray analysis, this study suggests an important integrated response between ER signaling and the cellular adaptation to hypoxic stress.
Early viral and peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses to pegylated interferon and ribavirin treatment: the first 24 h

Objectives This study explored gene expression differences in predicting response to pegylated interferon (IFN-PEG) and ribavirin (RBV) in hepatitis C infection. Current treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) with IFN-PEG α-2a/b and RBV is an expensive regimen with frequent significant side-effects where less than 60% of patients ultimately achieve a sustained virological response. Responders and nonresponders may not be identified for up to 6 months post-treatment. This dichotomy may be because of differences in the molecular genetic response. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples were obtained from a cohort of 31 infected individuals within the first 24 h of treatment and the extracted RNA was hybridized to genome expression microarrays. Hepatitis C viral kinetics was also examined in these patients. The ability of differentially regulated genes to predict response to therapy was assessed with treatment outcome. Results Distinct patterns of gene expression distinguished responders from nonresponders to HCV treatment. The ultimate response to treatment with IFN-PEG and RBV was observed within the first 24 h of treatment by a greater drop in viral load (mean HCV RNA decline of 1.92±1.26 log10 IU/ml) in responders compared with nonresponders (P<0.007). Induced genes achieved maximal response within 12 h of therapy which coincided with a rapid decline in HCV RNA between 12 and 24 h. This study revealed that peripheral blood mononuclear cell metallothionein 2A, CCRL2, tumour necrosis factor-α-induced protein 6 (TNFAIP6) and IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2 expression predicted viral treatment response to therapy verified by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Conclusion This study has identified a noninvasive gene microarray pattern and a set of verified genes to be predictive of hepatitis C patient response to IFN-PEG and RBV treatment within the first 24 h. The potential of this noninvasive diagnostic approach and identified genes as biomarkers of response to treatment warrants further investigation.
Expression and localization of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer in giant cell tumor of bone

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are regarded as a significant regulator in tumor invasion and metastasis. Previous studies have shown that extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) in tumor cells induces the synthesis of MMPs. EMMPRIN is abundantly present on the surface of tumor cells and stimulate adjacent stromal cells to synthesize MMPs to induce tumor progression. Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a benign but locally aggressive primary neoplasm of bone. The spindle‐shaped mononuclear stromal cells are considered to be the tumor components of GCT, which are capable of inducing osteoclast formation by recruiting the circulating monocyte and macrophage. In this study, we proposed that EMMPRIN is associated with the biological progression and aggressiveness of GCT. We have conducted semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR to determine the correlation of EMMPRIN expression with the clinical stage of GCT. We have also examined the cellular localization of EMMPRIN in GCT using in‐situ hybridization (ISH) and Immunohistochemistry (IH). The results showed that EMMPRIN was present in GCT and its mRNA levels were associated with the clinical stage of GCT. Higher expression level of EMMPRIN was observed in GCT with advanced stage (stage III). There was a great significance (P < 0.05) of EMMPRIN expression between stage I & II and stage III GCTs. Both ISH and IH demonstrated that EMMPRIN is present at the multinuclear osteoclast‐like giant cells of GCT, with strong immunostaining on the cell membrane. The stromal‐like tumor cells were also positively stained but the intensity was weaker. Interestingly, the production of EMMPRIN in osteoclast‐like cells of GCT seems to be regulated by stromal‐like tumor cells. Receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL), which has been previously shown to be produced by the stromal‐like tumor cells for the recruitment of osteoclast‐like giant cells in GCT, enhanced the expression of EMMPRIN mRNA during the differentiation of macrophage‐like RAW264.7 cells into osteoclasts. In short, our studies suggest that EMMPRIN may be an important regulatory factor involved in the biological behaviors of GCT. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus strain DSM13241 in healthy adult dogs.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate viability of a probiotic strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus in a dry dog food, determine its ability to survive transit through the gastrointestinal tract and populate the colon, and assess its effects on intestinal and systemic parameters. ANIMALS 15 adult dogs. PROCEDURE Dogs were sequentially fed a dry control food for 2 weeks, the same food supplemented with > 10(9) L. acidophilus for 4 weeks, and the control food again for 2 weeks. Fecal score was assessed daily, and fecal and blood samples were collected for enumeration of bacterial populations and measurement of hematologic variables. RESULTS Recovery of L. acidophilus from the supplemented food was 71% and 63% at the start and end of the study, respectively, indicating that the bacteria were able to survive manufacture and storage. The probiotic bacterium was detected in feces via ribotyping and RNA gene sequencing during the probiotic administration phase but not 2 weeks after cessation of administration. Administration of the probiotic-supplemented food was associated with increased numbers of fecal lactobacilli and decreased numbers of clostridial organisms. There were significant increases in RBCs, Hct, hemoglobin concentration, neutrophils, monocytes, and serum immunoglobin G concentration and reductions in RBC fragility and serum NO concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These data indicate that L. acidophilus can be successfully incorporated into a dry dog food, survive transit through the canine gastrointestinal tract, and populate the colon and are associated with local and systemic changes. This probiotic bacterium may have the potential to enhance intestinal health and improve immune function in dogs.
All the Way Through: Testing for Authorship in Different Frequency Strata

This article describes the operation of two new tests of authorship and offers some results. Both tests rely on controlled contrasts of word-frequency and both exclude the very common words, which have been put to such good use in recent years. One test treats of words used with some consistency by a target-author but more sporadically by others. The second treats of words used sporadically by the target-author but not by most others. (The inclusion of words that some other authors use avoids the strict constraint that has impoverished this form of evidence.) In suitable cases, both tests prove very accurate. The fact that evidence of authorship can be detected in these three distinct frequency-strata helps to explain why such tests should work at all and so encourages the development of even better ones.
Six self-lift DC-DC converters, voltage lift technique

The voltage lift technique is a popular method widely applied in electronic circuit design. Applying it has created six new DC-DC step-up power converters, namely, self-lift DC-DC power converters, which possess high output voltage with smooth ripple. Therefore, these converters can be used in computer peripheral equipment and industrial applications.
Projector augmented-wave method.

An approach for electronic structure calculations is described that generalizes both the pseudopotential method and the linear augmented-plane-wave (LAPW) method in a natural way. The method allows high-quality first-principles molecular-dynamics calculations to be performed using the original fictitious Lagrangian approach of Car and Parrinello. Like the LAPW method it can be used to treat first-row and transition-metal elements with affordable effort and provides access to the full wave function. The augmentation procedure is generalized in that partial-wave expansions are not determined by the value and the derivative of the envelope function at some muffin-tin radius, but rather by the overlap with localized projector functions. The pseudopotential approach based on generalized separable pseudopotentials can be regained by a simple approximation.
A dual-frequency series-fed patch array antenna

A novel dual-frequency concept for series-fed microstrip patch array antennas is proposed. An identical near field distribution following an identical far field characteristic was achieved at two different frequencies. The conventional series fed array comes with a uniform aperture distribution for patches of same width. By exploiting the dispersion of this periodic structure the same cosine aperture distribution at two different frequencies is obtained. Due to the cosine aperture distribution a low side lobe level of 23 dB is intrinsically achieved for the two operating frequencies, 23 GHz and 25 GHz. This concept is particularly suited for small frequency ratios (ƒ+/ƒ− ≪ 1.3).
Direct proofs of generic finiteness of nash equilibrium outcomes

Using elementary techniques from semi-algebraic geometry, we give short proofs of two generic ̄niteness results for equilibria of ̄nite games. For each assignment of generic payo®s to a ̄xed normal form or to an extensive form with perfect recall, the Nash equilibria induce a ̄nite number of distributions over the possible outcomes.
Perceptual Normalized Information Distance for Image Distortion Analysis Based on Kolmogorov Complexity

Image distortion analysis is a fundamental issue in many image processing problems, including compression, restoration, recognition, classification, and retrieval. In this work, we investigate the problem of image distortion measurement based on the theories of Kolmogorov complexity and normalized information distance (NID), which have rarely been studied in the context of image processing. Based on a wavelet domain Gaussian scale mixture model of images, we approximate NID using a Shannon entropy based method. This leads to a series of novel distortion measures that are competitive with state‐of‐the‐art image quality assessment approaches.
Effects of Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder on Metabolic Risk, Quality of Life, and Stress Hormones in Aging Former Refugee Children

It is still unclear whether the association between traumatic stress and physical disease is mediated by posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Therefore, we examined the long-term consequences of PTSD on cardiovascular risk, stress hormones, and quality of life in a sample of former refugee children who were severely traumatized more than six decades ago. In 25 subjects with chronic PTSD and 25 trauma-controlled subjects, we measured the variables of metabolic syndrome supplemented by the ankle-brachial index and highly sensitive C-reactive protein. Quality of life was assessed using the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey. Cortisol, adrenocorticotropin-releasing hormone (ACTH), and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were measured using the low-dose-dexamethasone suppression test. In addition, salivary cortisol was assessed at 8:00 a.m., 12:00 p.m. , 4:00 p.m. , and 8:00 p.m. We found a significant group effect between participants with and without PTSD regarding quality of life but not in any metabolic parameter including the ankle-brachial index or cortisol, ACTH, and DHEA in plasma before and after dexamethasone or salivary cortisol. The postulated association between traumatic stress and physical illness does not appear to be mediated by PTSD in this population. Nevertheless, the search for subgroups of PTSD patients with childhood traumatization leading to different metabolic and endocrine long-term consequences in aging PTSD patients is needed.
Toward least-privilege isolation for software

Hackers leverage software vulnerabilities to disclose, tamper with, or destroy sensitive data. To protect sensitive data, programmers can adhere to the principle of least-privilege, which entails giving software the minimal privilege it needs to operate, which ensures that sensitive data is only available to software components on a strictly need-to-know basis. Unfortunately, applying this principle in practice is dif- �cult, as current operating systems tend to provide coarse-grained mechanisms for limiting privilege. Thus, most applications today run with greater-than-necessary privileges. We propose sthreads, a set of operating system primitives that allows �ne-grained isolation of software to approximate the least-privilege ideal. sthreads enforce a default-deny model, where software components have no privileges by default, so all privileges must be explicitly granted by the programmer. Experience introducing sthreads into previously monolithic applications|thus, partitioning them|reveals that enumerating privileges for sthreads is di�cult in practice. To ease the introduction of sthreads into existing code, we include Crowbar, a tool that can be used to learn the privileges required by a compartment. We show that only a few changes are necessary to existing code in order to partition applications with sthreads, and that Crowbar can guide the programmer through these changes. We show that applying sthreads to applications successfully narrows the attack surface by reducing the amount of code that can access sensitive data. Finally, we show that applications using sthreads pay only a small performance overhead. We applied sthreads to a range of applications. Most notably, an SSL web server, where we show that sthreads are powerful enough to protect sensitive data even against a strong adversary that can act as a man-in-the-middle in the network, and also exploit most code in the web server; a threat model not addressed to date.
Agreeing to disagree.

It may seem unusual in a conference celebrating twenty-five years of success with the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and twenty years of success with the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration for a proceduralist to speak about the CISG rather than of the Model Law. However, there is a point that lies at the intersection between the two, and on which the CISG may make an important contribution to the further development of the Model Law. This point concerns the formal requirements for dispute resolution clauses in international business contracts and, in particular, the writing requirement for arbitration agreements in international sale of goods contracts. This article argues that the success of the CISG in defining the terms on which persons contract with one another for the international sale of goods may come to influence the extent to which we will be prepared to exempt parties from the formalities that are currently required for demonstrating their desire to resolve their disputes through arbitration.
androgen receptor degradation in human prostate carcinoma cells via PI 3 K-Akt-Mdm 2-mediated pathway

The identification and development of novel nontoxic phytochemicals that target androgen and androgen receptor (AR) signaling remains a priority for prostate cancer (PCA) control. In the present study, we assessed the antiandrogenic efficacy of isosilybin B employing human PCA LNCaP (mutated AR), 22Rv1 (mutated AR) and LAPC4 (wild-type AR) cells. Isosilybin B (10–90 μM) treatment decreased the AR and prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels in LNCaP, 22Rv1 and LAPC4 cells, but not in non-neoplastic human prostate epithelial PWR-1E cells. Isosilybin B treatment also inhibited synthetic androgen R1881-induced nuclear localization of AR, PSA expression and cell growth, and caused G1 arrest. In mechanistic studies identifying AR degradation, isosilybin B caused increased phosphorylation of Akt (Ser-473 and Thr-308) and Mdm2 (Ser-166), which was linked with AR degradation as pretreatment with PI3K inhibitor (LY294002)-restored AR level. Further, overexpression of kinase-dead Akt largely reversed isosilybin B mediated-AR degradation suggesting a critical role of Akt in AR degradation. Antibody pull-down results also indicated that isosilybin B treatment enhances the formation of complex between Akt, Mdm2 and AR, which promotes phosphorylation-dependent AR ubiquitination and its degradation by proteasome. Together, present findings identify a novel mechanism for isosilybin B-mediated anticancer effects in human PCA cells.
A Combining Heuristic Algorithm for the Multi-depot Vehicle Routing Problem with Inter-depot Routes

The multi-depot vehicle routing problem with inter-depot routes (MDVRPI) is an extension to the classical Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP); it is the major research topics in the supply chain management field. It is an extension of the multi-depot vehicle routing problem in which vehicles may be replenished at intermediate depots along their route. In this paper, we propose a heuristic combining the adaptative memory principle, a tabu search method for the solution of subproblems, and integer programming. Tests are conducted on randomly generated instances. The experiment indicates the validity of the technique to MDVRPI with the above-mentioned conditions.