Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symmetry-breaking bifurcations and hysteresis in compressible Taylor–Couette flow of a dense gas: a molecular dynamics study

Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations with a repulsive Lennard-Jones potential are employed to understand the bifurcation scenario and the resulting patterns in compressible Taylor–Couette flow of a dense gas, with the inner cylinder rotating ($\omega _i>0$) and the outer one at rest ($\omega _o=0$). The steady-state flow patterns are presented in terms of a phase diagram in the ($\omega _i,\varGamma$) plane, where $\varGamma =h/\delta$ is the aspect ratio, $h$ is the height of the cylinders and $\delta =R_o-R_i$ is the gap between the outer and inner cylinders, and the underlying bifurcation scenario is analysed as a function of $\omega _i$ for different $\varGamma$. Considerable density stratification is found along both radial and axial directions in the Taylor-vortex regime of a dense gas, which makes the present system fundamentally different from its incompressible analogue. In the circular Couette flow regime, the stratifications remain small and the predicted critical Reynolds number for the onset of Taylor vortices matches well with that of its incompressible counterpart. The emergence of asymmetric Taylor vortices at $\varGamma >1$ is found to occur via saddle-node bifurcations, resulting in hysteresis loops in the bifurcation diagrams that are characterized in terms of the net circulation or the maximum radial velocity or the axial density contrast as order parameters. For $\varGamma \leq 1$ with reflecting axial boundary conditions, the primary bifurcation yields a single-vortex state which is connected to a two-roll branch via saddle-node bifurcations; however, changing to stationary (no-slip) endwalls yields a new state, which consists of two large symmetric vortices near the inner cylinder coexisting with an irregular pattern near the stationary outer cylinder. It is shown that the endwall conditions and the fluid compressibility play crucial roles on the genesis of asymmetric and stratified vortices and the related multiplicity of states in the Taylor-vortex regime of a dense gas.
Quality as Driver for Sustainable Construction—Holistic Quality Model and Assessment

Facing rising building demands due to a fast-growing world population and significant environmental challenges at the same time, the building sector urgently requires innovation. The Cluster of Excellence Integrative Computational Design and Construction for Architecture at the University of Stuttgart tackles these challenges through a Co-Design approach for integrating computational design and engineering and robotic construction. Within this research framework, a Holistic Quality Model is developed to ensure the technical, environmental, and social quality of Co-Design processes and products. Up to now, quality models that consider and integrate all these three aspects throughout the life cycle of buildings are still missing. The article outlines the concept of holistic quality assessment based on a Holistic Quality Model for sustainable construction. A key mechanism for sustainable quality assessment in the Holistic Quality Model is the definition of control and decision points in the construction process where critical decisions are made that will affect the quality of the building throughout its entire life-cycle. Firstly, subject-specific quality concepts are defined and their interrelations are conceptualized. Subsequently, these interrelations and their effects on the overall Co-Design construction processes and products are explained using the example of the semi-robotic production of concrete slabs. Examples for control and decision points are given as well. The outline presented here serves as a basis for further advancing and concretizing the Holistic Quality Model and its applications in Co-Design for a functioning, liveable, and sustainable high-quality construction and building culture.
Real-Time Multi-SLAM System for Agent Localization and 3D Mapping in Dynamic Scenarios

This paper introduces a Wearable SLAM system that performs indoor and outdoor SLAM in real time. The related project is part of the MALIN challenge which aims at creating a system to track emergency response agents in complex scenarios (such as dark environments, smoked rooms, repetitive patterns, building floor transitions and doorway crossing problems), where GPS technology is insufficient or inoperative. The proposed system fuses different SLAM technologies to compensate the lack of robustness of each, while estimating the pose individually. LiDAR and visual SLAM are fused with an inertial sensor in such a way that the system is able to maintain GPS coordinates that are sent via radio to a ground station, for real-time tracking. More specifically, LiDAR and monocular vision technologies are tested in dynamic scenarios where the main advantages of each have been evaluated and compared. Finally, 3D reconstruction up to three levels of details is performed.
Impact of home quarantine due to COVID-19 among Bangladeshi population

COVID-19 is an emergency public health issue and home quarantine can prevent the transmission. Quarantine restricts the people’s mobility and it has a silent impact on physical, psychological and economical aspect. The purpose was to explore the impact of home quarantine among the general population in Bangladesh. This was a descriptive type of cross sectional survey with 600 samples from different district of Bangladesh by convenient sampling with a structured and language validated questionnaire. The results indicate the huge impact of home quarantine. Among 600 participants, 71.7% (n= 430) showed impact on their psychological health, 48.5% (n= 291) physical health and 82.5% (n= 495) on their economy. Study showed strong association between gender and psychological impact (p<0.01) and very strong association between living area and their psychological impact (p<0.00). There has also very strong association between their occupation and impact on their economy (p<0.00). Home quarantine has a progressive negative impact on the individual’s psychological health, physical health and their economy. Individual’s gender, living area and occupations are strongly associated with those negative impacts due to home quarantine. Supporting agency should take initiative to mitigate this all negative impacts of home quarantine and need to develop protocol for maintaining for health during quarantine time.
Stable C, O, and S Isotope Record of Magmatic-Hydrothermal Interactions Between the Falémé Fe Skarn and the Loulo Au Systems in Western Mali

The Gara, Yalea, and Gounkoto Au deposits of the >17 Moz Loulo mining district, largely hosted by the Kofi series metasediments, are located several kilometers to the east of the 650-Mt Fe skarn deposits in the adjacent Falémé batholith. The Au deposits are interpreted to have formed through phase separation of an aqueous-carbonic fluid, which locally mixed with a hypersaline brine of metaevaporite origin. Recognition of an intrusive relationship between the Falémé batholith and Kofi series opens the possibility that the Fe skarns and Au deposits are part of the same mineral system. In this paper, we combine new δ13C, δ18O, and δ34S data from the Karakaene Ndi skarn, Au occurrences along the western margin of the Kofi series, and zircons within plutonic rocks of the Falémé batholith. We combine these with existing data from the Loulo Au deposits to model the contribution of magmatic volatiles to Au mineralization. C and O isotope compositions of auriferous carbonate-quartz-sulfide veins from the Loulo Au deposits have wide ranges (δ13C: –21.7 to –4.5‰ and δ18O: 11.8 to 23.2‰), whereas values from carbonate veins in Kofi series Au prospects close to the Falémé batholith and the Karakaene Ndi Fe skarn deposit have more restricted ranges (δ13C: –16.8 to –3.7‰, δ18O: 11.4 to 17.2‰, and δ13C: –3.0 ± 1‰, δ18O: 12.6 ± 1‰, respectively). Kofi series dolostones have generally higher isotopic values (δ13C: –3.1 to 1.3‰ and δ18O: 19.1 to 23.3‰). Pyrite from Kofi series Au prospects adjacent to the Falémé batholith have a wide range of δ34S values (–4.6 to 14.2‰), similar to pyrite from the Karakaene Ndi skarn (2.8 to 11.9‰), whereas δ34S values of pyrite and arsenopyrite from the Loulo deposits are consistently >6‰. Comparison of the C and O isotope data with water-rock reaction models indicates the Loulo Au deposits formed primarily through unmixing of an aqueous carbonic fluid derived from the devolatilization of sedimentary rocks with an organic carbon component. Isotopic data are permissive of the hypersaline brine that enhanced this phase separation including components derived from both Kofi series evaporite horizons interlayered with the dolostones and a magmatic-hydrothermal brine. This magmatic-hydrothermal component is particularly apparent in O, C, and S isotope data from the Gara deposit and Au prospects immediately adjacent to the Falémé batholith.
Non-Stationary Hyperspectral Forward Model and High-Resolution

We present in this work a forward model for an Integral Field Unit (IFU) instrument. Our model is general but primarily developed for the Mid Resolution Spectrometer of the Mid Infrared Instrument on board the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). It takes a 3D spatio-spectral object as input and produces a set of 2D projected data with multiple detectors of different characteristics. However, these 2D outputs suffer from non-stationary spatial and spectral blurring, as well as under-sampling. Our first contribution is the development of the forward model in order to simulate data and the second is the use of this model to reconstruct a full 3D hyperspectral image from the projected measurements. This problem is ill-posed and we propose an algorithm based on the regularized leastsquare approach with convex edge-preserving regularization. We show on the simulation that our proposed model and algorithm allow a better reconstruction than the state of the art algorithm, thanks to spatial and spectral deconvolutions and denoising.
Causes and Predictors of 30-Day Readmission in Elderly Patients With Delirium

Objective To study 30-day readmission (30-DR) rate and predictors for readmission among elderly patients with delirium. Methods This was a retrospective observational cohort study of patients aged ≥65 years with discharge diagnosis of delirium identified from the Nationwide Readmission Database using common International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, and Clinical Modification codes linked to delirium diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed adjusting for stratified cluster design to identify patient/system-specific factors associated with 30-DR. Results Overall, the 30-DR rate was 17% (7,140 of 42,655 weighted index admissions). The common causes of readmission were systemic diseases (43%), infections (27%), and neurologic diseases (18%). Compared with initial hospitalization, readmission costs were higher ($11,442 vs $10,350, p < 0.0001) with a longer length of stay (6.6 vs 6.1 days, p < 0.0001). Independent predictors of readmission included discharge against medical advice (odds ratio [OR] 1.8, p < 0.0034), length of stay (OR 1.3, p < 0.0001), and chronic systemic diseases (anemia, OR 2.4, p < 0.0001, chronic renal failure OR 1.4, p < 0.0001, congestive heart failure OR 1.3, p < 0.0001, lung disease OR 1.2, p < 0.0004, and liver disease OR 1.2, p < 0.03). Private insurance was associated with a lower risk of readmission (OR 0.78, p < 0.02). Conclusions The main predictors of readmission were chronic systemic diseases and discharge against medical advice. These data may help design directed clinical care pathways to optimize medical management and postdischarge care to reduce readmission rates.
What counts as learning in play? Uncovering patterns in perceptions of South African early educators

ABSTRACT Early educators’ perceptions of play and learning influence whether they adopt responsive roles to facilitate learning in play. While studies have investigated perceptions of play as pedagogical practice and its perceived relevance for learning, few have also interrogated educator learning perceptions, and hence compared these perceptions. This study explored perceptions among South African early educators by contrasting their interview and questionnaire responses. Findings revealed play perceptions encompassing structured, adult-led activities alongside child-managed play. While play was highlighted as active, joyful and chosen, participants emphasised appropriate, real-world play over children’s self-directed explorations and make-believe. Learning perceptions presented a span that primarily centred on correctness, followed by children understanding and applying lessons. Surprisingly, less nuance emerged for learning in play: rather than viewing play as a context for practicing and improving, respondents saw play as a ‘stage’ where children could demonstrate proficiency. Finally, patterns in play and learning perceptions came out more clearly in interviews than the questionnaire. These findings point to a need for alternative at-scale methods when eliciting educator perceptions, and for supporting educators to develop reflected, nuanced notions of play as practice and children’s learning in play.
Benchmark-Driven Investments in Emerging Market Bond Markets: Taking Stock

This paper reviews the role of benchmark-driven investments in EM local bond markets. We provide an overview of how key EM bond benchmark indices are constructed, how they affect the behavior of investment funds, and what are the likely implications for capital flows and policy-making. Several methods are presented suggesting that the amount of assets benchmarked against widely followed EM local-currency bond indices have risen fivefold since the mid-2000s to around $300 billion. Our review suggests that the benefits of index membership may be tempered by portfolio outflow risks for some countries. This is because benchmark-driven investments may increase the importance of external factors at the expense of domestic factors, raising the risks of outflows unrelated to recipient country fundamentals. Some countries may be disproportionately exposed to these risks, reflecting the way the indices are constructed.
The role of edaphic factors on plant species richness and diversity along altitudinal gradients in the Brazilian semi-arid region

Abstract Unlike well-known global patterns of plant species richness along altitudinal gradients, in the mountainous areas of the Brazilian Caatinga, species richness and diversity reach their maxima near mountain tops. The causes of this unusual pattern are not well understood, and in particular the role of edaphic factors on plant community assembly along these gradients has not been investigated. Our goal was to assess the role of edaphic factors (fertility and soil texture) on plant community composition and structure on two mountains of the Brazilian semi-arid region. In 71 plots (Bodocongó site, twenty-one 200-m2 plots, 401–680 m asl; Arara site, fifty 100-m2 plots, 487–660 m asl) we recorded 3114 individuals representing 61 plant species; in addition, at each plot we collected composite soil samples from 0–20 cm depth. Significant altitude-related changes were observed both for community structure and composition, and edaphic variables. A canonical correspondence analysis allowed the distinction of two groups of plots according to species abundances, indicating a preferential habitat distribution of species depending both on altitude and soil variables. Although soil fertility was lowest at the highest altitudes, these areas had high richness and diversity. Conversely, the more fertile foothills were characterized by the dominance of generalist pioneer species. Despite the relatively short altitudinal range that characterizes the studied mountains, this study elucidates the role of edaphic factors on the floristic composition and species richness patterns on the mountains of the Brazilian semi-arid region.
The Big Bird Gets the Worm? How Size Influences Social Networking by Charitable Organizations

Current evidence suggests that nonprofits’ use of Twitter is not strongly related to organizational size, unlike other technological developments. However, this evidence is primarily based on studies of large nonprofit organizations. This study uses a random sample of charities, stratified by size, to present evidence that organization size is a significant factor in multiple dimensions of social media use: the percentage of charities owning a Twitter handle, activity on the site, and popularity within the charities’ network. Many charities are using Twitter, but larger charities are making more effective use of the platform to connect to other organizations. The very largest charities exhibit an overwhelming popularity effect in the network, whereas small charities are notably less active than their larger counterparts. Besides the substantive findings, we further demonstrate the methodological potential of using exponential random graph modeling to gain a deeper understanding of the characteristics of nonprofits’ social media networks.
Late Cretaceous Angiosperm Woods from the McRae Formation, South-Central New Mexico, USA: Part 2

Premise of research. Over the past 3 decades, angiosperm woods have been reported from the Campanian to the Maastrichtian of southern Laramidia, including Coahuila and Chihuahua, Mexico; Big Bend National Park, Texas; and the San Juan Basin, New Mexico. Recent investigations of the upper Campanian (76.5 to >72.5 Ma) Jose Creek Member of the McRae Formation, south-central New Mexico, indicate an abundance of well-preserved silicified woods, representing one of the most diverse Cretaceous wood floras in the world. In this report, we describe four new angiosperm wood types. Methodology. The fossil woods described here were collected from the upper Campanian of south-central New Mexico, along the northeastern flank of the Caballo Mountains and in the adjacent Cutter Sag, and were studied using thin sections. The potential affinities of these McRae woods were determined by comparison with fossil and extant woods. Pivotal results. The woods reported here comprise one magnoliid and three eudicots with varying levels of comparability to extant taxa. Laurinoxylon rennerae sp. nov. belongs to Lauraceae and has a combination of features found in multiple extant genera variously referred to as Cinnamomeae Nees, Laureae Maout & Decaisne, or Lauroideae Burnett/core Lauraceae. Turneroxylon newmexicoense gen. et sp. nov. is a eudicot with many similarities to Dilleniaceae but differs in having narrower rays. Mcraeoxylon waddellii gen. et sp. nov. has a suite of features seen in several families of Malpighiales, Myrtales, and Oxalidales. McRae angiosperm wood type 1 has a suite of features found in genera of Dilleniales, Ericales, and Malpighiales. Conclusions. All wood types, with the exception of M. waddellii, have minimum axis diameters of >10 cm (12–50 cm), indicating that they represent trees. This reinforces previous evidence for the presence of small to large angiosperm trees in the Jose Creek Member and underscores the importance of woody angiosperms in vegetation of the southern Western Interior during the Campanian-Maastrichtian.
The indirect experience of nature: biomorphic design forms in servicescapes

PurposeThis paper aims to introduce the concept of biomorphism (i.e. indirect experience of nature) in servicescape designs and validates its impact on consumer responses. Using the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) framework, this study explores the relationship between biomorphic servicescape designs and the servicescape preference. Further, it explains how biomorphic designs can help users to get better connected with the servicescapes by introducing the mediating role of attention restoration and place identity (emotional and cognitive), as explained by attention restoration theory.Design/methodology/approachTwo empirical studies were carried out to test the hypothesised relationships: an exploratory pre-experimental design with one-shot treatment using 200 images as stimuli and 3,680 responses; and a 3 × 2 factorial design with three-dimensional images with about 654 responses for three service contexts chosen a priori: fashion retail, restaurant and hospital lobby.FindingsThis study conceptualises the role of biomorphism – elements that mimic natural forms – in servicescape designs and establishes that, akin to natural elements, the indirect experience of nature in servicescapes also has a positive influence on attention restoration, perceived place identity and servicescape preference of the consumers. This implies that the effects similar to that of a biophilic servicescape can be achieved through servicescape elements that mimic natural forms.Originality/valueExtending the idea of biophilia, this research adopts the concept of biomorphism from architecture and environmental psychology domains and introduces biomorphic servicescape designs, which could be more practical at times compared to biophilic servicescapes. It establishes the influences of biomorphic servicescape designs on consumer preferences. Grounded in the S-O-R model, it further explains this relationship through mediating effects of attention restoration and place identity. Being new to marketing and management domains, this research may trigger a series of research studies on biomorphic service environment designs, with desirable implications for services marketing and services operations functions.
Software Defined Communication Network Reliability for Secondary Distribution Power Grid

Operations automation of Secondary Distribution Electrical Power Grid (SDEPG) requires reliable communication network to facilitate end to end power grid visibility and control through various sensors and actuators deployed across the power grid network. Available solutions to enhance communication network reliability have addressed mostly requirements for transmission and primary distribution portions of the grid, which use wired communication network technologies. The nature of SDEPG demands reliability solutions to incorporate a combination of wired and wireless technologies. In this research we propose an SDN based, cross layers resilient communication network for SDEPG. The solution segments the SDEPG into three parts, namely access, aggregation and core networks. Since aggregation and core comprises of wired network, we adopt the resilience approach proposed by previous researchers. As for access network that is largely comprised of wireless network, we propose an algorithm that modifies the Radio Frequency (RF) parameters of failover Access Points (AP) to optimally cover abandoned clients when the serving AP fails. The proposed solution was simulated using OPNET, that contain NS3 for the network simulation and mininet for SDN and was deployed in virtualized HP server. The simulation comprised of two access points and two stations. Traffic flow was initiated between two stations. With different failure scenarios simulated, our results revealed that in case of Access Point (AP) failure, the SDN controller seamlessly redirects users to a nearby AP while maintaining acceptable bandwidth, latency and availability