Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The health condition of female victims of violence / Zdravje žensk, ki doživljajo nasilje

Abstract Introduction: The article addresses one of the most vulnerable social groups - women who have experienced various types of violence. The problem is presented through a discussion of the consequences of violence on women’s health. Based on the analysis of the research data, the article proposes measures that should boost health care policies in handling violence against women. Methods: The source of data is the Survey on Violence Against Women in the private sphere and partnership relations conducted in 2010. The sample consisted of 3000 women, equally stratified by age, type of neighbourhood and region. The research was quantitative and the response rate was 25% (n=752), which is an average response rate when researching intimate spheres accompanied by fear, shame or emotional distress. Results: The results have shown that violence has a powerful and lasting effect on health. In some cases, injuries lead to lasting disability. Psychological and mental disorders are also present, including depression, nightmares, fear, shame, anger, the feeling of threat and distrust. The problems are compounded by a distrust of professional help, which further affects their health condition. Conclusions: health policies should include training and knowledge of the causes, dynamics and consequences of violence, so that women could be encouraged to report violence. The first step was made when the relevant rules of procedures were adopted, but the process must continue with the drawing of protocols, the definition of the responsibility of individual professions within health care and cooperation with other institutions. Izvleček Uvod: Članek se nanaša na eno najranljivejših družbenih skupin, in sicer na ženske, ki doživljajo različne oblike nasilja. Problem je prikazan z vidika posledic, ki jih ima nasilje na zdravje. Na osnovi analize raziskovalnih podatkov so podani predlogi za krepitev zdravstvenih politik do nasilja nad ženskami. Metode: Vir podatkov je Nacionalna raziskava o nasilju nad ženskami v zasebni sferi in partnerskih razmerjih iz leta 2010, izvedena na vzorcu 3.000 žensk, enakomerno stratificiranem po starosti, tipu naselja in po regiji. Raziskava je kvantitativna, odzivnost 25-odstotna (n=752), kar je običajna odzivnost pri raziskovanju intimnih področij, ki jih spremlja strah, sram ali duševne stiske. Rezultati: Ti pokažejo, da ima nasilje močen in dolgotrajen vpliv na zdravje. Poškodbe v nekaterih primerih vodijo v trajno invalidnost. Psihične in duševne težave se pojavljajo kot depresija, nočne more, strah, sram, jeza, občutek ogroženosti, nezaupanje. Težave spremlja nezaupanje v strokovno pomoč, kar ima posledice na slabše zdravje. Zaključki: Zdravstvene politike morajo vključevati vednost o vzrokih, dinamiki in o posledicah nasilja, da lahko krepijo ženske pri razkrivanju nasilja. Prvi koraki so narejeni s sprejetjem ustreznih pravilnikov, treba pa je nadaljevati izdelavo protokolov, odgovornost posameznih poklicev v zdravstvu in sodelovanje z drugimi ustanovami.
Quantum of the Magnetic Flux Characteristic forExperiments Performed on the Integer and Fractional Quantum Hall Effects

Experimentally the plateaus characteristic for the integer quantum Hall effect is obtained in vicinity of specific values of the magnetic induction. The paper demonstrates that the ratios of these induction values to carrier concentration in the planar crystalline samples approach systematically the quanta of the magnetic flux important for the behavior of superconductors. Moreover, the same quanta can be deduced from the Landau levels theory and their application in the magnetoresistance theory gives results being in accordance with experiments. The quanta of the magnetic flux similar to those for the integer quantum Hall effect can be obtained also for the fractional quantum Hall effect. This holds on condition the experimental ratio of the magnetic flux to carrier concentration is multiplied by the filling factor of the Landau level.
Probabilistic learning and emergent coordination in a non-cooperative game with heterogeneous agents : an exploration of "minority game" dynamics

In this paper we present results of simulations in which we use a general probabilistic learning model to describe the behavior of heterogeneous agents in a non-cooperative game where it is rewarding to be in the minority group. The chosen probabilistic model belongs to a well-known class of learning models developed in evolutionary game theory and experimental economics, which have been widely applied to describe human behavior in experimental games. We test the aggregate properties of this population of agents (i.e., presence of emergent cooperation, asymptotic stability, speed of convergence to equilibrium) as a function of the degree of randomness in the agents' behavior. In this way we are able to identify what properties of the system are sensitive to the precise characteristics of the learning rule and what properties on the contrary can be considered as generic features of the game. Our results indicate that, when the degree of inertia of the learning rule increases, the market reaches a higher level of allocative and informational efficiency, although on a longer time scale.
Analysis of 2,4-D residues in soil profile using HYDRUS-1D model

ABSTRACT- Despite the benefits of herbicides, their persistence in soil can harm other plants in next rotations and contaminate ground water. The main purpose of this research is to simulate 2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid(2,4-D) movement in silty clay loam soil using HYDRUS-1D model in a corn root zone. The maximum contaminant level goal, MCLG, of 2,4-D in water resources is 10 ppb. The 3.5 kg a.i ha-1 of 2,4-D was applied to the experimental field under two irrigation treatments including normal and deficit irrigation. The presence of 2,4-D along with soil water content was measured in soil profile at different depths during the growing season at 8, 13, 23, 30, 37 and 57 days after application. Both measured and simulated data showed that 2,4-D concentrations reduced from top to bottom of soil profile, maximum 40 cm in both irrigation treatments. The 2,4-D residues in normal and deficit irrigation were used for calibration and validation of HYDRUS-1D model, respectively. In general, total measured and simulated 2,4-D concentration in normal irrigation treatment were 68.94 and 64.96 mg kg-1and in deficit irrigation treatment were 74.3 and 74.0 mg kg-1, respectively. Statistical parameters including NRMSE, CRM and d were used for comparison of measured and simulated data. These parameters were 0.267, 0.77 and 0.846 for normal irrigation and 0.189, -0.02 and 0.937 for deficit regime, respectively. Therefore, the results showed a good agreement between measured values of herbicide residue and the values simulated using HYDRUS 1D model. The numerical simulations for deficit irrigation regime were more precise than normal irrigation because of less microbial activity due to less soil moisture. The numerical models could not simulate microbial activity with acceptable accuracy.
Impact of Loyalty Programs on Customers' Loyalty: A Case Study of Shoes and Handbags Retail Outlets of Pakistan

The aim of this research was to explore the impact and role of one of emerging techniques of customer relationship management in Pakistan. It was investigated that how the loyalty cards influence the loyalty of female consumers in the fashion retail-sector of Pakistan. Multi-item scales adopted from previous studies were used to measure affective and behavioural loyalty. The data were collected from 400 female customers of three branded outlets of Pakistan in three different regions of Pakistan by using convenience sampling method. The results showed that the card holders of a loyalty program had more favourable attitude towards retailer, higher level of trust in the retailer and retailer staff, commitment, and satisfaction than noncard holders. Compared to noncard holders, card holders also showed higher purchase behaviour in the retailer than its competitors. Overall, the findings showed that the loyalty card programs played an important role in building loyalty. These loyalty program are effective techniques and can be used by different companies to make long term relationships with the customers. However, the emotional bonding of customers is very necessary for any company to be successful, so the companies should focus a lot on affective loyalty.
Graphene FET terahertz detectors on flexible substrates

Terahertz (THz) science and technology have developed rapidly over the past decades, extending the THz application areas from spectroscopy and earth and space sciences to communications, biomedicine and security sensing. Many of these emerging applications require shape-conforming, light-weight and low-cost detectors rather than existing solid-state detection technology. Graphene, which possesses impressive electrical and mechanical properties, is a promising material for enabling flexible devices at THz frequencies. This thesis reports on the modelling, design, fabrication and characterisation of graphene THz detectors on plastic substrates. These detectors are based on field-effect transistors (FETs) fabricated using chemical vapour deposition (CVD)-grown graphene and integrated with split broadband bow-tie antennas. A fabrication process has been developed to achieve high-performance THz detectors on plastic substrates. Since the properties of the dielectric film on graphene are very sensitive to the growth conditions, parallel-plate capacitor test structures on graphene on flexible substrates are fabricated for characterising the electrical properties of the dielectric films. THz power detection in the frequency range from 330 GHz to 500 GHz at room temperature is demonstrated. The devices operate well above the cutoff frequency of the transistors. At room temperature, the voltage responsivity is above 2 V/W, and the noise-equivalent power (NEP) is below 3 nW/√Hz at 487 GHz. The effects of bending strain on the dc characteristics, voltage responsivity and NEP of these detectors have been investigated. The mechanical studies reveal robust detector performance with tensile strain more than 1% with a corresponding bending radius of 7 mm. This work provides an important route towards high-performance, low-cost THz flexible technology for future niche applications, such as wearable smart electronics, imaging systems, and communications.
Identification and characterization of variants in the 5' flanking region of bovine growth hormone gene

Sequence variations within the 5' flanking region of bovine growth hormone gene were identified from six bovine species raised in China. Cloned and sequenced amplified fragments revealed difference in lengths because of the insertion and deletion mutations. A total thirty-one variation sites were identified in this region within species and among species. Several new SNPs within bovine species were detected in the 5' flanking region with exception in Haizi buffalo. Some important regulatory elements such as TATA box, CRE, NRE3, dPit1 and pPit1 were identified in the 5' flanking in six bovine species. The conservation of regulatory elements may be consistent with functional constraint during the course of evolution.
Soil nutrients in relation to land use and landscape position in the semi-arid small catchment on the loess plateau in China

Characterizing spatial variability of soil nutrients in relation to site properties, including climate, land use, landscape position and other variables, is important for understanding how ecosystems work and assessing the effects of future land use change on soil nutrients. In order to assess the effects of land use and landscape position on soil nutrients consisting of soil organic matter (SOM), total N (TN), total P (TP), available N (AN) and available P (AP), soil samples were collected in August and October 1998 and July 1999 from three transects in a small catchment on the loess plateau, China. The three transects consisted of typical land use structure from the top to foot of hillslope in the study area: fallow land } cropland } woodland } orchard (T1), fallow land } shrub land } fallow land } cropland } woodland } orchard (T2) and intercropping land } woodland (T3). Significant differences among land uses were found for SOM, TN and AN. Woodland, shrub land and grassland had the higher levels for them compared to fallow land and cropland. Use of soil deterioration index showed that soils deteriorated moderately (! 17)05%) under orchard and seriously (ranging from ! 29)91% to ! 20)32%) under fallow land, cropland and intercropping land, while soils had no deterioration (! 0)74%) under shrubland and (! 0)69%) grassland. This study indicated that the cultivated hilly lands must be abandoned before a critical minimum SOM of 0)492%. Soil nutrient responses to landscape positions were variable depending on transect and the location of land use types. The highest levels in SOM, TN and AN were observed at middle slope position on T1, while they occurred at foot slope position on T3. However, an increasing trend from upper slope to foot slope for five nutrients were found on T2.
Antireflection Coating for Solar Modules

In the applications of solar cells, reflection is an unwanted loss process. Using antireflective solar glass can improve the generating efficiency of solar cells. Here the design, synthesis, modification, and characterization of the nano antireflective film for solar modules are reported. Nanometer SiO2 antireflection coating solution was prepared by Sol-gel method. Porous membrane with visible light transmittance of up to 98.2% can be derived from basecatalyzed sol. With modification of the mechanical durability of the samples, the transmittance was improves to 97.43%. Average over wavelength range from 400 to 800 nm, the reflection losses were reduced to only 3.44% by applying the nanometer SiO2 antireflection coating to the cover glass, that is , the AR coating achieves a transmittance enhancement of 5.6% comparing to the original glass. Uniform antireflection and high scratch have been achieved. Keywords-antireflective coating; porous SiO2 film; solar glass; Sol-gel
MONITORING PERIPHERAL POPULATIONS OF THE EURASIAN OTTER (Lutra lutra) IN SOUTHERN ITALY: NEW OCCURRENCES IN THE SILA NATIONAL PARK

After a period of strong decline, the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) has re- expanded its area of distribution in Italy from 1984 to 2004, mainly toward the southern periphery of its range. The Sila National Park is located in a strategic position along a drainage divide separating southern peripheral otter populations from unoccupied but potentially recolonizable habitats. A research project aimed to evaluate the aquatic habitats of the Sila National Park for otter recolonization is now in progress. At present, we have surveyed 14 sampling sites to detect otter presence in the study area. Two positive sites were found on the Arvo river. These records represent the first evidence of otter presence in the Sila area after extinction apparently occurred in the late 1970s. One of the two positive sites was negative in the 2003. These data seem to indicate that otter recolonization in the southern periphery of Italian distribution range is still in progress. Management actions in the Sila National Park may favour recolonization processes.
On the Nature of Connectionist Conceptualizations and Connectionist Explanations

argued that connectionist explanations are too vague to qualify as theories of cognitive functions. Much of the argument hinges on the claim that hidden unit activation patterns of connectionist networks are currently too difficult to analyze, and that such opacity renders connectionist accounts virtually ineffective. However, recent attempts at analyzing connectionist hidden units using statistical techniques such as hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis reveal that connectionist networks easily yield categories which we traditionally associate with constituent structures (Elman, 1990). In this paper, we will focus on Elman's statistical analyses of the hidden unit activation patterns in his simple recurrent network on sentence prediction, first to highlight the feasibility of such analyses, and then to show how connectionist explanations contribute to the development of effective explanatory theories. In addition, in response to Fantuzzi's (1993) argument that connectionist conceptualizations do not qualify as connectionist explanations, we argue for the evolutionary nature of explanations as they relate to theory development, and for the role of conceptualizations as constructive intermediate explanations. Finally, to address Fantuzzi's (1993) criticism that pre-simulation connectionist conceptualizations are unproductive exercises akin to putting the cart before the horse, we provide examples to show that the relationship between
VARIABLE TIME-STEPPING HYBRID FINITE DIFFERENCE METHODS FOR PRICING BINARY OPTIONS

Abstract. Two types of new methods with variable time steps are pro-posed in order to valuate binary options eciently. Type I changes adap-tively the size of the time step at each time based on the magnitude ofthe local error, while Type II combines two uniform meshes. The newmethods are hybrid nite di erence methods, namely starting the com-putation with a fully implicit nite di erence method for a few time stepsfor accuracy then performing a -method during the rest of computationfor eciency. Numerical experiments for standard European vanilla, bi-nary, and American options show that both Type I and II variable timestep methods are much more ecient than the fully implicit method orhybrid methods with uniform time steps. 1. IntroductionOptions are traded on all of the world’s major exchanges. Among them,binary options or digital options are not only very popular in the over-the-counter (OTC) markets but also important tools for designing more complex nancial derivatives, such as equity-linked-securities (ELS). For instance, hold-ing the simplest cash-or-nothing call option pays a prede ned cash amount atexpiration date if the option is in-the-money, i.e., the prices of the underlyingassets exceed a prescribed strike price, otherwise pays nothing. Therefore thepayo at expiration date has a discontinuity at the strike price. Several exoticoptions, such as asset-or-nothing options, supershare options, gap options etc,are also binary type options.
Kinetic plasticity and the determination of product ratios for kinetic schemes leading to multiple products without rate laws — New methods based on directed graphs

This paper presents two new and fast methods of determining product ratios for kinetic schemes leading to more than one product on which the Acree–Curtin–Hammett (ACH) principle is based. The methods involve rewriting a given kinetic scheme as a directed graph with nodes and arrows connecting the nodes and takes advantage of the directionality of the kinetic arrows and the enumeration of paths to the various target product nodes. The first, based on path divergent trees, is computationally simpler but works under a specific set of conditions, whereas the second, based on an adapted version of Chou’s graphical method, works for all cases. By means of illustrated examples, both methods are shown to be completely verifiable with conventional more tedious treatments based on rate law determinations. The directed graph concept also works for kinetic schemes that involve entirely equilibrated species. In addition, the paper extends these ideas to variants of the basic ACH scheme, thereby testing the validity of.
Robot locomotion and localization on 3D complex-shaped structures

Mobile inspection and maintenance robotics is a fast growing industrial market. The type of applications covered by these mobile robots is very broad. Robots are developed to inspect all kinds of pipes or pipelines infrastructures. They are also designed to inspect gas, petroleum or chemical storage tanks, bridges, subterranean mines or air ducts. Such robots also find their applications in power plants, for the inspection of the steam boilers to the power lines including steam turbines or generators. One of the main advantages of mobile robots is that they can reach locations inaccessible by humans because of size constraints, temperature, immersion in liquids or safety reasons. Robots also allow to decrease the inspection time and costs if operations like building scaffoldings, excavating, disassembling or moving cumbersome parts into workshops, can be avoided. Furthermore, storing the measurements of systematic inspection procedures improves the traceability of defects, the prediction of the constructions lifetime and allow to optimally plan their repairing. Repairing can even be done in situ if the robot is equipped with the appropriate tools. The variety of applications and their specificities have fostered the development of innovative locomotion concepts. The mobility of inspection robots has to be adapted to their environment, which may require to overcome obstacles or to climb on 3D structures built of different materials. In this framework, miniaturization and integration is often an issue because the robot may have to maneuver about in narrow spaces or to enter a structure through narrow openings. Because the robots have to operate in confined environments, localization is another key issue. The robot localization is a necessary feedback for the user remote controlling the robot or for autonomous control purposes. Therefore, inspection robots do not only have to carry inspection sensors, but also perception sensors for localization. This thesis addresses the following challenges, i.e. 3D locomotion, 3D localization and system integration, by presenting the design of a robot that is intended for inspecting power plants, especially the inner surface of steam
Fuel poverty, household income and energy spending: an empirical analysis for Australia using HILDA data

As energy prices in Australia have risen, so has concern about the impact on people’s wellbeing. This Brotherhood of St Laurence study considers how to define and measure the extent of fuel poverty in Australia, comparing results based on income and energy expenditure with results based on households’ self-reported ability to heat their homes or pay their energy bills on time. The study also examines how households’ fuel expenditure is related to their socioeconomic status, as measured by two indicators: household disposable income and a multidimensional measure of social exclusion.
Surface Electromyography Signal Collecting Strategy for Artificial Hand Controlling Purposes

Surface electromyography technique is presented for muscle activation detection and intuitive control of prostheses or robot arm. This research aims to develop a strategy for collecting EMG signal in order to be used as input control for an artificial hand. Methodology of this research composed of, collecting EMG signal using clinical device to choose the best position. Collect the signal using myoware muscle sensor depending on these positions locating above with determining the threshold value for each position. The test was done on a healthy female person and an amputee person, a number of three position were used by the clinical myotrace 400 each positon composed of four channels i, four channel location were chosen from the three position that were used by the myoware sensor on the forearm in addition to two locations on the ulna, while the amputee included only two locations on the ulna. The locations obtained from the myotrace targeting muscles ( extensor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorium sublimis, brachioradialis, flexor carpi ulnaris). The threshold values obtained were on a range of 150-320 that consider a non-sensitive. For the amputee the threshold values were the from 150-220 for both the healthy arm and the amputee arm which consider a weaker values.