Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Grounded Theory on the Relation of Time Awareness and Perceived Valence

The subjective experience of time has many different facets. The present study focused on time awareness and its antipode timelessness as an expression of the extent one focuses on the passage of time. In an exploratory mixed-methods study, we investigated different extents of this time awareness and their relation to perceived valence of the environment, different states of consciousness, and strategies to cope with doing nothing. Thirty-three participants were tested for one hour or more with sitting and exploring as the within-subjects factor. For each condition, they stayed in one of two libraries characterized by their contemplative architecture. Then, participants answered quantitative questionnaires on their time experience and perceived valence and participated in a semi-structured interview. By means of grounded theory, we extracted four different types of time awareness from the qualitative data, of which three corresponded to the results of a cluster analysis on the dimensions of time awareness and perceived valence of the environment. In line with previous literature, we found relations between unpleasant high time awareness and boredom and pleasant low time awareness and flow. Additionally, the data revealed a pattern of high time awareness and positively perceived valence that was mainly experienced while sitting. Possible connections to states of consciousness such as relaxation, idleness, and a mindful attitude are outlined. Real-life settings, long durations, and level of activation are discussed as possible fostering factors for finding this pattern.
The Knowledge Domain of The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering Between 2006 and 2019

The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering is a multidisciplinary journal, which provides a forum for a broad range of road and bridge engineering research. The topics such as the road and bridge research and design, the construction materials and technologies of roads and bridges, the construction financing and environmental issues, and the assessment management are included in the scope of the Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering investigation. Due to the reason that various road and bridge engineering related research directions are involved in this journal, it has become the first one that deals with the issues as mentioned above in Baltic countries. Therefore, it is believed that investigating the publications in the Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering assists researchers in great learning the development of road and bridge engineering research in Baltic countries. By analysing the annual publication distribution, the citation structure, the co-citation and cooperation networks, and the significant contributors in terms of countries and regions, institutions, cited journals and authors, the status of Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering is comprehensively presented. In addition, the emerging trends are revealed through the analyses of timeline view and burst detection. This study makes the contribution to the aspect of visualizing the complex and significant results based on objective and quantitative data. It provides readers with access to understand the development of Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering and helps researchers learn the hot issues in this journal clearly and directly.
The Magic of Theater: Photographing a Performative Academic Career

I discuss my efforts as a “good enough” photographer and describe the role photographs play communicating important moments from a series of ethnodramas I built about the Chicago Public Schools. I discuss my early efforts to use photography to legitimize my arts-based research practice, describe how my goals changed, and explain how I created images to communicate the energy of live theater. Building on Eisner’s theoretical work, I discuss three tensions of my photographic practice: intention versus improvisation, action versus artifice, and safety versus possibility. These tensions emphasize my limits as a photographer and the possibilities of arts-based research.
Thermokinetic behaviour and functional group variation during spontaneous combustion of raw coal and its preoxidised form

Coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) is a major problem in coal mining. In the vicinity of underground goaf, secondary or repeated oxidation processes of the residual coal inevitably occur, increasing the risk of coal fires. In this study, the thermal reaction behaviour of two types of raw coal samples and three preoxidised coal samples with different oxidation temperatures (80, 130, and 180 °C) were investigated. The physical and chemical properties of the samples were measured using thermogravimetric analyser-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR) with heating rates of 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, and 10.0 °C min−1. According to the characteristic temperatures in the heating processes, the entire CSC procedure can be divided into three stages: oxidation, combustion, and burnout. The results indicated that the aliphatic side chain lengths of preoxidised coal were shorter, and the number of branched aliphatic side chains was lower than that of raw coal. Furthermore, the model for the mechanism of preoxidised coal differed from that of raw coal. Average values of the apparent activation energy of the preoxidised coal samples were lower than those of the raw coal samples. Therefore, compared with raw coal, preoxidised coal requires less energy to react and more readily undergoes spontaneous combustion.
PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM SISTEM KEAMANAN LINGKUNGAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEAMANAN DAN KETERTIBAN MASYARAKAT

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana bentuk partisipasi masyarakat dalam sistem keamanan lingkungan dan untuk mengetahui tingkat keamanan dan ketertiban masyarakat pada Kelurahan Sukamenanti Kecamatan Kedaton Kota Bandar Lampung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kuantitatif. Analisa yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adalah analisis kuantitatif, menggunakan rumus distribusi frekuensi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang penulis gunakan adalah Kuesioner, Interview dan Dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa partisipasi masyarakat dalam pelaksanaan Sistem Keamanan Lingkungan di Kelurahan Sukamenanti Kecamatan Kedaton Kota Bandar Lampung telah berperan aktif dalam meningkatkan ketertiban dan keamanan. Pihak kepolisian sebagai inti kekuatan dan sekaligus sebagai pembina keamanan dan ketertiban beserta masyarakat dapat ikut serta bertanggung jawab terhadap keamanan dan ketertiban seluruh anggota masyarakat, sehingga dapat terpeliharanya ketertiban dan keamanan lingkungan.
Long-Term Variation of Black Carbon Aerosol in China Based on Revised Aethalometer Monitoring Data

Black carbon (BC) aerosol, as a typical optical absorption aerosol, is of great significance to the study of climate and radiation. The China Atmosphere Watch Network (CAWNET), established by the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), contains 35 BC-monitored stations, which have been collecting data using commercial Aethalometer instruments (AEs) since 2006. Element carbon (EC) data measured from the thermal/optical reflectance (TOR) method was used to correct the BC monitoring data from the AEs, which are affected by various sampling and analytical artifacts. The average difference before and after the revision was about 17.3% (±11.5%). Furthermore, we analyzed the variations of BC in China from 2006 to 2017 using a revised dataset. The ten-year averaged concentration of BC would have been applicable for climate analysis, and can be a comparison sample in future research. The concentrations of BC across the stations in China showed a general downward trend, with occasional fluctuations, and the concentrations at urban sites decreased more significantly. The average concentrations of BC in urban sites are higher than rural and remote sites. The 10-year averaged concentration of BC ranges from 11.13 μg m−3 in Gucheng to 0.19 μg m−3 in Shangri-La, showing a strong spatial variation; the proportion of BC aerosol in PM2.5 is generally less than 20%. The BC showed obvious seasonal and diurnal variation; and the highest concentration occurred in winter, with more dramatic diurnal variation, followed by autumn and spring. There was a significant increase in concentration between local time 7:00–9:00 and 18:00–0:00. The distribution and trend of BC concentration in China showed a consistency with emissions of BC.
Social Work Students’ Attitudes Towards Indigenous People: An Empirical Study in Taiwan

ABSTRACT Although social work students in Taiwan generally tend to have positive attitudes towards the Taiwanese Indigenous peoples, a considerable proportion of these students have undecided or unfavourable attitudes. A total of 1,919 first- to fourth-year social work students from 24 social work-related departments across Taiwan completed a purpose-designed questionnaire incorporating Indigenous-related education, contact, consciousness, and demographic items. A regression analysis of the survey results reveals robust evidence that ethnic identity, having Indigenous friends, empathy towards Indigenous people and one’s position on the political spectrum affect attitudes. However, multicultural education, including Indigenous-related courses and ethnicity-related courses in college, and collective guilt are not significant factors influencing the attitudes of social work students in Taiwan. These findings have implications for social work educators in countries that provide social work services to Indigenous people. IMPLICATIONS Teaching activities should be designed to increase social work students’ opportunities to make friends with Indigenous people, emphasise core social work tenets in the classroom and develop students’ empathy towards Indigenous people. Conducting future research to investigate the factors that influence social work students’ attitudes towards Indigenous people in other countries may be fruitful given the unique interaction histories between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples.
Deviations from the resonance theory of tempo induction

Background in music psychology. The salience of pulse perception in listeners attending to musical rhythms has been modeled as a band-pass filter (Parncutt 1994) and a simple resonator with a resonance frequency around 2 Hz (van Noorden and Moelants 1999). These models have been able to explain perceptual responses to a variety of rhythmic pulse trains and to excerpts of music from a wide range of styles. In these studies, the models were applied to predict distributions of perceived tempo for large collections of music. However, in many pieces the tempo is ambiguous, allowing several metric levels to serve as the beat. Is this model also able to explain the distribution of responses of groups of listeners to individual excerpts of music?
Features Observed Using Multiple Inertial Sensors for Running Track and Hard-Soft Sand Running: A Comparison Study

Variability in the running surface can cause an athlete to alter their gait. Most literature report running on grass, a treadmill or athletics running tracks using inertial sensors. This study compares the signals obtained by 9 degrees of freedom (DOF) inertial-magnetic sensors incorporating an accelerometer (±16 g), gyroscope (±2000°/s) and magnetometer (±8 gauss). The sensors were placed on the participant’s shank, knee, lower spine and upper spine, and the participants were asked to run on three different surfaces (running track, hard sand and soft sand). The calculated player loads for a 400 m run on each surface type was very similar. The mean and standard deviation values were 577 ± 130, 581 ± 128, 568 ± 124 for soft sand, hard sand and the running track, respectively. This did not correlate with the participant’s self-assessment RPE (Rate of perceived exertion), which demonstrated running on soft sand to be significantly more challenging, yielding a mean and standard deviation of 5.3 ± 2.5 (Hard to Very Hard). Soft sand running had a decreased swing time duration but increased variability (0.44 ± 0.02 s—Swing Time, 6.5 ± 1.1%—CV), hard sand running had the longest swing and intermediate variability duration (0.46 ± 0.02 s—Swing Time, 3.30 ± 2.58 %—CV) and running track running had the medium swing time but lowest variability (0.45 ± 0.02 s, 2.7 ± 0.9%—CV). Gait dominance was not consistent across the surfaces for each participant and remained below a ratio of 0.4. These results provide an insight into how athletes modify their gait mechanics to accommodate different running surfaces.
Processamento do Discurso em Textos Dissertativos-Argumentativos: Uma Abordagem Baseada em Mineração de Argumentos e Aprendizado Supervisionado de Máquina

Identifying the structure of the argument is useful to analyze student’s speech and logical reasoning. The discourse understanding process includes the understanding of morphology, syntax and semantics. In this work, speech processing follows a methodology composed by the following phases: (i) creation of a corpus for training and validation of learning; (ii) implementation of the argument mining approach; and (iii) application of machine learning techniques. The results achieved were among the average found in the literature for works carried out in the English language. The identification of the intervention proposal was the highlight, with an F-value of 0.744. Resumo. A identificação da estrutura da argumentação é útil para analisar o discurso e o raciocínio lógico do aluno. O processo de entendimento do discurso abrange a compreensão da morfologia, da sintaxe e da semântica. Neste trabalho, o processamento do discurso segue uma metodologia composta das seguintes fases: (i) criação de um corpus para treinamento e validação da aprendizagem; (ii) implementação da abordagem para mineração de argumentos; e (iii) aplicação de técnicas de aprendizagem de máquina. Os resultados alcançados ficaram entre a média encontrada na literatura para trabalhos realizados na língua inglesa. O destaque foi a identificação da proposta de intervenção, com um valor-F de 0,744.
Effective management of human resources in innovation process – gender-related issue

Purpose – Most of the subject literature provides information on the skills and competencies required to join teams and work in the innovation process. So far, there has been a research gap concerning the issue in question. The results of researching the issue can, however, be used to ensure more effective innovation development through a better-than-ever selection of individuals for each phase of the innovation process. The subject of research was to examine, identify and describe differences in the participation of men and women in the innovation process, taking into account not only competencies but also personal characteristics, attitudes and behaviour. Research method – The research covered 1,164 innovative companies – beneficiaries of the European Union Cohesion Policy 2007-2013. The conceptual framework of the model described by the pre-25 variables has been verified. Applying the selected statistically significant variables and components ensures more accuracy for the model developed in the present study. Both the conceptual research context and preliminary analysis fulfil the assumptions for using principal component analysis and the Promax rotation method. Results – The results prompt a new way of creating more effective teams in the process of innovation, with managers considering not only competencies but also attitudes, behaviours and gender-related issues.
The LRXs-RALFs-FER module controls plant growth and salt stress responses by modulating multiple plant hormones

Abstract Salt stress is a major environmental factor limiting plant growth and productivity. We recently discovered an important new salt tolerance pathway, where the cell wall leucine-rich repeat extensins LRX3/4/5, the RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) peptides RALF22/23 and receptor-like kinase FERONIA (FER) function as a module to simultaneously regulate plant growth and salt stress tolerance. However, the intracellular signaling pathways that are regulated by the extracellular LRX3/4/5-RALF22/23-FER module to coordinate growth, cell wall integrity and salt stress responses are still unknown. Here, we report that the LRX3/4/5-RALF22/23-FER module negatively regulates the levels of jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Blocking JA pathway rescues the dwarf phenotype of the lrx345 and fer-4 mutants, while disruption of ABA biosynthesis suppresses the salt-hypersensitivity of these mutants. Many salt stress-responsive genes display abnormal expression patterns in the lrx345 and fer-4 mutants, as well as in the wild type plants treated with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an inhibitor of pectin methylesterases, suggesting cell wall integrity as a critical factor that determines the expression pattern of stress-responsive genes. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is constitutively increased in the lrx345 and fer-4 mutants, and inhibition of ROS accumulation suppresses the salt-hypersensitivity of these mutants. Together, our work provides strong evidence that the LRX3/4/5-RALF22/23-FER module controls plant growth and salt stress responses by regulating hormonal homeostasis and ROS accumulation.
LSTM and Bat-Based RUSBoost Approach for Electricity Theft Detection

The electrical losses in power systems are divided into non-technical losses (NTLs) and technical losses (TLs). NTL is more harmful than TL because it includes electricity theft, faulty meters and billing errors. It is one of the major concerns in the power system worldwide and incurs a huge revenue loss for utility companies. Electricity theft detection (ETD) is the mechanism used by industry and academia to detect electricity theft. However, due to imbalanced data, overfitting issues and the handling of high-dimensional data, the ETD cannot be applied efficiently. Therefore, this paper proposes a solution to address the above limitations. A long short-term memory (LSTM) technique is applied to detect abnormal patterns in electricity consumption data along with the bat-based random under-sampling boosting (RUSBoost) technique for parameter optimization. Our proposed system model uses the normalization and interpolation methods to pre-process the electricity data. Afterwards, the pre-processed data are fed into the LSTM module for feature extraction. Finally, the selected features are passed to the RUSBoost module for classification. The simulation results show that the proposed solution resolves the issues of data imbalancing, overfitting and the handling of massive time series data. Additionally, the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques; i.e., support vector machine (SVM), convolutional neural network (CNN) and logistic regression (LR). Moreover, the F1-score, precision, recall and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve metrics are used for the comparative analysis.
Meaning Agnosticism and Pragmatism

This paper proposes to reconsider agnosticism by taking a step onto a meta-level, investigating agnosticism not as an epistemic stance regarding the choice between theism and atheism, but as a stance toward the question concerning the cognitive meaningfulness and/or truth-aptness of religious discourse. It is argued that this “meta-level” meaning agnosticism may actually be an attractive articulation of a certain kind of religious attitude. While pragmatists like William James have claimed that (epistemic) agnosticism practically collapses into atheism, meaning agnosticism at the meta-level can in fact be a pragmatist position focusing on our human condition and its limits. Additional issues, such as the relations between agnosticism and the theodicism vs. antitheodicism debate regarding the problem of evil and suffering, are also briefly examined.
Perceived Risk and Willingness to Provide Loan to Smallholder Farmers in Ghana

ABSTRACT In this article, we investigate whether lending institutions perceive smallholder (individual) farmers as riskier borrowers than farm cooperatives. Our research results show that individual farmers in Ghana are less likely to be successful in obtaining credit than cooperative farmers, because they are perceived to be riskier borrowers. In addition, results show that the willingness of lending institutions to provide loans is higher for those farmers who are associated with cooperative societies. This suggests that individual farmers can increase their odds of securing loans by joining a cooperative society. Empirical results also support the hypothesis that the interest rate is a significant predictor of the willingness to loan bias among lending institutions. In addition, our results indicate that higher interest rates are associated with increased loan risk. However, when interest rate is higher, longer loan maturity can dampen the effect of interest rate. In other words, an increase in loan maturity length reduces the effect of interest rate on the loan risk. These research results have important policy implications for the welfare of smallholder farmers in developing economies as lack of financing has a significant impact on smallholder farmer productivity.
Exploring Chemical Basis of Toxicity Reduction for Processed Roots of Stellera chamaejasme L. Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography–Triple Quadrupole Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Some herbal medicines are treated with various processing methods to ensure their safe and effective use. However, chemical basis of toxicity reducing for most herbal medicines remains unclear. Stellera chamaejasme L. , particularly the root (ruixianglangdu), is toxic. Thus, ruixianglangdu is commonly processed with vinegar or milk to reduce toxicity. Here, with help of multiple-ion monitoring (MIM)-based metabolomics, we comprehensively capture chemical information of ruixianglangdu. Then, 33 differential components between crude drugs and processed products were identified or tentatively characterized by multiple-ion monitoring–information dependent acquiring–enhanced product ion (MIM-IDA-EPI), whose level changed after being processed by vinegar or milk. It was found that flavonoids especially biflavonones could be the important chemical basis of toxicity reduction for processed ruixianglangdu. In addition, some coumarins and lignanoids could also play a role in reducing toxicity. It is believed that MIM-based metabolomics method was valuable for exploring chemical basis of toxicity reduction for processing. The data is critical to further study the mechanism of toxicity reducing for processed ruixianglangdu.