Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tolerable Walking Distance to School : Application of a Hazard-based and a Random Utility Method

The share of active modes of travel for school trips sharply declined, in recent years, due to several reasons some of which are rooted in urban design, location of schools, and concern of parents about possible associated risks. This study was an effort to determine critical walking distance and indentifying factors that contribute to this distance by applying hazard models and random utility models on a set of data that was collected among students from ages 1217, in the city of Tehran. The results of the two-level nested logit model showed that critical walking distance is equal to 1050 meters. On the other hand, the hazard model results indicate that the distance that 85% of students experience the failure or 15% survival is equal to 2000 meters. Results showed that critical walking distance is 30 percent lower for female students than male students in distances in which 15% of students experience failure. Furthermore, amongst parental reservation variables, safety, time, and comfort of the trip have the highest effect of respectively 18%, 13%, and 11% decrease in the critical distance when 85% of students experience failure.
Deep-Sea Seabed Sediment Classification Using Finely Processed Multibeam Backscatter Intensity Data in the Southwest Indian Ridge

In 2007, China discovered a hydrothermal anomaly in the Longqi hydrothermal area of the Southwest Indian Ridge. It was the first seabed hydrothermal area discovered in the ultraslow spreading ocean ridge in the world. Understanding the types of seabed sediments in this area is critical for studying the typical topography and geological characteristics of deep-sea seabed hydrothermal areas. The traditional classification of deep-seabed sediments adopts box sampling or gravity column sampling and identifies the types of seabed sediments through laboratory analysis. However, this classification method has some shortcomings, such as the presence of discrete sampling data points and the failure of full-coverage detection. The geological sampling in deep-sea areas is particularly inefficient. Hence, in this study, the EM122 multibeam sonar data collected in the Longqi hydrothermal area, Southwest Indian Ridge, in April 2019 are used to analyze multibeam backscatter intensity. Considering various errors in the complex deep-sea environment, obtaining backscatter intensity data can truly reflect seabed sediment types. Through unsupervised and supervised classification, the seabed sediment classification in the Longqi hydrothermal area was studied. The results showed that the accuracy of supervised classification is higher than that of unsupervised classification. Thus, unsupervised classification is primarily used for roughly classifying sediment types without on-site geological sampling. Combining the genetic algorithm (GA) and the support vector machine (SVM) neural network, deep-sea sediment types, such as deep-sea clay and calcareous ooze, can be identified rapidly and efficiently. Based on comparative analysis results, the classification accuracy of the GA-SVM neural network is higher than that of the SVM neural network, and it can be effectively applied to the high-precision classification and recognition of deep-sea sediments. In this paper, we demonstrate the fine-scale morphology and surface sediment structure characteristics of the deep-sea seafloor by finely processing high-precision deep-sea multibeam backscatter intensity data. This research can provide accurate seabed topography and sediment data for the exploration of deep-sea hydrothermal resources and the assessment of benthic habitats in deep-sea hydrothermal areas.
Distribution of crack density parameter in Central Betic Cordillera (Southern Spain)

Inmaculada Serrano,1,2 Federico Torcal1,3 and José Morales1,2 1Instituto Universitario de Investigación Andaluz de Geofı́sica y Prevención de Desastres Sı́smicos. Instituto Andaluz de Geofı́sica, Universidad de Granada, C/ Profesor Clavera No12, Campus universitario de Cartuja, E-18071 Granada, Spain. E-mail: ftormed@upo.es 2Departamento de Fı́sica Teórica y del Cosmos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avda, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain 3Departamento de Sistemas Fı́sicos, Quı́micos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Ctra. de Utrera km 1, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain
Phylogenetic relationships of Dalyat mirabilis Mateu , 2002 , with a revised molecular phylogeny of ground beetles ( Coleoptera , Carabidae )

Dalyat mirabilisMateu 2002 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) is a cave species recently described from SE Spain, which, based on morphological analyses, has been related to the Promecognathinae (with one genus in western North America and four genera in South Africa). In this paper, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships of the main lineages of family Carabidae, and the placement of Dalyat among them, with the 18S rRNA full sequence and a fragment of wingless with the use of parsimony, a fast maximum likelihood algorithm (implemented in the program phyml), and Bayesian posterior probabilities. Although with wingless alone the relationships of Dalyat were not robustly supported, both with 18S rRNA and in a combined analysis there was a strong support for a sister relationship between Promecognathus and Dalyat with the three methods used. Using a molecular-clock approach the two lineages were estimated to have diverged at a similar (or slightly earlier) age than the origin of Harpalinae, known to have radiated in the Cretaceous. This is compatible with a vicariant origin of the lineage leading to Dalyat because of the isolation of the Iberian plate from Pangea in the late Jurassic to early Cretaceous. Other robust relationships within the Carabidae are the monophyly of Harpalinae (including Morionini, Peleciini and Pseudomorphini), its sister relationship with Brachininae, and the inclusion of these two subfamilies together with Scaritini and the austral Psydrinae in a strongly supported clade (the higher Carabidae).
Downconversion efficiency in backward optical parametric oscillators

In optical parametric oscillators based on periodically poled (PP) non-linear quadratic materials, choosing a submicronic poling period allows generating the phase-matched signal and idler waves in opposite directions. In this case a distributed feedback mechanism is established, which enables optical parametric oscillation without the need of external mirrors or surface coatings. A backward mirrorless optical parametric oscillator (BMOPO), has been experimentally realized using a periodically-poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) crystal with sub-µm periodicity as a quasi-phase-matched (QPM) nonlinear medium. A remarkable property of the BMOPO is the strong asymmetry in spectral bandwidth between the signal and the idler pulses: the bandwidth of the co-propagating forward wave is comparable to the pump bandwidth, whereas that of the backward wave is typically one to two orders of magnitude narrower. It has been recently demonstrated both experimentally and numerically for a pump wave exhibiting deterministic phase modulation in the PPKTP BMOPO. This property is studied here in a guided wave configuration for broad incoherent pump pulses with bandwidth up to 4.7 THz. We demonstrate that in this case the higher the incoherence of the pump, the larger the amount of coherence transfer. The group velocities of the forward propagating waves can be perfectly matched by an appropriate waveguide profile in order to optimize the coherence transfer to the backward propagating wave. However, a nanometric QPM periodicity is required for perfect group velocity matching of the pump with the forward idler wave. Up to now such short periods have been only achieved by epitaxy in GaN. In order to have long enough waveguides we have studied this process in a PPGaN waveguide presenting stitching errors, which are very likely to occur during the fabrication process of the waveguide. We model a BMOPO in a fragmented GaN waveguide consisting of a sequence of submicronic PP elements separated by uniformly polarized connection sections representing the stitching errors. We have shown that in these fragmented waveguides the coherence transfer is nonintuitivelly almost as high as for a single piece PP waveguide because the generated coherent phase of the backscattered wave locks the phases of the forward propagating waves in such a way that the dynamics is almost insensitive to the short connection sections. We analyse on a large pump bandwidth range the downconversion efficiency versus the stochastic pump bandwidth for two different fragmented PPGaN BMOPOs and we compare it to the one piece periodically polarized PPGaN BMOPO.
In Silico Screening and Design of Coating Materials for PEMFC Bipolar Plates

Methods used to design coating materials for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are unsystematic and time-consuming because current materials research relies on scientific intuition and trial and error experimentation. In this study, a feasible and more efficient scheme of screening and designing coating materials is established based on density function theory (DFT) utilizing the fast-growing computing capacity. The scheme consists of four steps: Elements selection by calculation of Pilling–Bedworth ratio and electrical resistivity, corrosion resistance assessment leveraging the Pourbaix diagram approach, running BoltzTrap code to calculate electrical conductivity ( σ / τ ), and interface binding strength evaluation by calculation of separation work. According to the calculation results, TiCo and TiCo3 are proposed to be the two most promising candidates because of relatively better properties required by harsh working environment of PEMFC. The high-throughput screening strategy established in this study makes the ideal of rapidly evaluating hundreds of thousands of possible coating materials candidates into reality and helps to indicate the direction of further synthesis efforts.
Integrated Control of Hydromechanical Variable Transmissions

A hydromechanical variable transmission (HMT) has advantages of continuous variation and high efficiency. So it is one of the ideal transmissions of heavy vehicles. The continuous speed varying process involves speed governing in range and range shift. Integrated control strategy of the HMT is proposed in this paper. The algorithm of the asymmetric saturated incremental proportional integral derivative (PID) speed control strategy in range and range shift conditions are derived. And this paper presents the range shift logic and range shift control strategies. A controller model is built in Matlab Simulink and cosimulated with the model of vehicle equipped with a two-range HMT. The HMT prototype hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) platform of the integrated control strategy is built. The HILS results show that the range shift process is smooth and speed fluctuation does not happen. In the throttle stable stage, the engine speed is adjusted to the near optimal speed, and its change rules are in accordance with simulation results. The integrated control strategy is reasonable.
Systematic evaluation of parameters in RNA bisulfite sequencing data generation and analysis

Abstract The presence of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) in RNA molecules has been known for decades and its importance in regulating RNA metabolism has gradually become appreciated. Despite recent advances made in the functional and mechanistic understanding of RNA m5C modifications, the detection and quantification of methylated RNA remains a challenge. In this study, we compared four library construction procedures for RNA bisulfite sequencing and implemented an analytical pipeline to assess the key parameters in the process of m5C calling. We found that RNA fragmentation after bisulfite conversion increased the yield significantly, and an additional high temperature treatment improved bisulfite conversion efficiency especially for sequence reads mapped to the mitochondrial transcriptome. Using Unique Molecular Identifiers (UMIs), we observed that PCR favors the amplification of unmethylated templates. The low sequencing quality of bisulfite-converted bases is a major contributor to the methylation artifacts. In addition, we found that mitochondrial transcripts are frequently resistant to bisulfite conversion and no p-m5C sites with high confidence could be identified on mitochondrial mRNAs. Taken together, this study reveals the various sources of artifacts in RNA bisulfite sequencing data and provides an improved experimental procedure together with analytical methodology.
Finite Element Modeling of Atlantoaxial Joint with the Vertebral Artery Based on CT Data

Based on the data of atlantoaxial joint (AAJ) by contrast-enhanced CT scan, finite element modeling (FEM) of AAJ with vertebral artery (VA) was constituted and its feasibility and possible application were evaluated. CT data of AAJ with VA was selected from PACS in our hospital. The occipital, vertebral body and VA were distinguished and saved them as the STL format, the geometric and finite element model of AAJ with VA were established with adjusting the relevant parameters. Comparison was made between the model and 3D-image, and AAJ functions were simulated. FEM cannot clearly only show or measure the morphology of AAJ and VA, but observe the AAJ rotary motion and have a force analysis. In conclusion, FEM of AAJ with VA is a practical method on the CT data, and it has a high reliability, and can be used for studying the anatomy and biomechanics of AAJ.
Swedish teenagers’ difficulties and abilities to determine digital news credibility

Abstract In this study we investigate the abilities to determine the credibility of digital news among 483 teenagers. Using an online survey with a performance test we assess to what extent teenagers are able to determine the credibility of different sources, evaluate credible and biased uses of evidence, and corroborate information. Many respondents fail to identify the credibility of false, biased and vetted news. Respondents who value the importance of credible news seem to hold a mindset helping them to determine credibility better than other respondents. In contrast, respondents self-reporting to be good at searching information online and who find information online trustworthy are not very good at civic online reasoning. Our findings, which may be linked to theories of disciplinary literacy, science curiosity and overconfidence, provide a basis for further research of how to better understand and support civic online reasoning in classrooms and society.
Asymmetries of amyloid-b burden and neuronal dysfunction are positively correlated in Alzheimer ’ s disease

Clinical Alzheimer’s disease affects both cerebral hemispheres to a similar degree in clinically typical cases. However, in atypical variants like logopenic progressive aphasia, neurodegeneration often presents asymmetrically. Yet, no in vivo imaging study has investigated whether lateralized neurodegeneration corresponds to lateralized amyloid-b burden. Therefore, using combined C-Pittsburgh compound B and F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, we explored whether asymmetric amyloid-b deposition in Alzheimer’s disease is associated with asymmetric hypometabolism and clinical symptoms. From our database of patients who underwent positron emission tomography with both C-Pittsburgh compound B and F-fluorodeoxyglucose (n = 132), we included all amyloid-positive patients with prodromal or mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease (n = 69). The relationship between C-Pittsburgh compound B binding potential and F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was assessed in atlas-based regions of interest covering the entire cerebral cortex. Lateralizations of amyloid-b and hypometabolism were tested for associations with each other and with type and severity of cognitive symptoms. Positive correlations between asymmetries of Pittsburgh compound B binding potential and hypometabolism were detected in 6 of 25 regions (angular gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, superior parietal gyrus, inferior and middle temporal gyrus), i.e. hypometabolism was more pronounced on the side of greater amyloid-b deposition (range: r = 0.41 to 0.53, all P5 0.001). Stronger leftward asymmetry of amyloid-b deposition was associated with more severe language impairment (P5 0.05), and stronger rightward asymmetry with more severe visuospatial impairment (at trend level, P = 0.073). Similarly, patients with predominance of language deficits showed more left-lateralized amyloid-b burden and hypometabolism than patients with predominant visuospatial impairment and vice versa in several cortical regions. Associations between amyloid-b deposition and hypometabolism or cognitive impairment were predominantly observed in brain regions with high amyloid-b load. The relationship between asymmetries of amyloid-b deposition and hypometabolism in cortical regions with high amyloid-b load is in line with the detrimental effect of amyloid-b burden on neuronal function. Asymmetries were also concordant with lateralized cognitive symptoms, indicating their clinical relevance.
I-SG : Interactive Search Grouping - Search result grouping using Independent Component Analysis

We present a computational simple and eÆcient approach to unsupervised grouping the search result from any search engine. Along with each group a set of keywords are found to annotate the contents. This approach leads to an interactive search trough a hierarchial structure that is build online. It is the users task to improve the search, trough expanding the search query using the topic keywords representing the desired groups. In doing so the search engine limits the space of possible search results, virtually moving down in the search hierarchy, and so re nes the search.
The Accuracy of Clinical Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Shoulder Joint Dislocation

Mathews Journal of Emergency Medicine The Accuracy of Clinical Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Shoulder Joint Dislocation Behnam movahedi1*, Leila azizkhani1, Sarvenaz Salahi2, Arman mohammadi1, Enayatollah Noori3 1Department of Emergency Medicine &Traumatology, Besat Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. 2Department of minimal invasive surgery research committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Teran, Iran. 3Department of research committee, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. Corresponding Author: Behnam Movahedi, Department of Emergency Medicine &Traumatology, Besat Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran, Tel: +989355155124; Email: behnam2980@gmail.com
Numerical Approximation to Nonlinear One Dimensional Coupled Reaction Diffusion System

This research paper represents a numerical approximation to non-linear coupled one dimension reaction diffusion system, which includes the existence and uniqueness of the time dependent solution with upper and lower bounds of the solution. Also numerical approximation is obtained by finite difference schemes to reach at reasonable level of accuracy, which is magnified by L2, L∞ and relative error norms. The accuracy of the approximations is shown by randomly selected grid points along time level and comparison with analytical results. The test example demonstrates the accuracy, efficiency and versatility of the proposed schemes. Moreover, the schemes can be easily applied to a wide class of higher dimension non-linear reaction diffusion equations with a little modifications.
Hypergraph and Uncertain Hypergraph Representation Learning Theory and Methods

With the advent of big data and the information age, the data magnitude of various complex networks is growing rapidly. Many real-life situations cannot be portrayed by ordinary networks, while hypergraphs have the ability to describe and characterize higher order relationships, which have attracted extensive attention from academia and industry in recent years. Firstly, this paper described the development process, the application areas, and the existing review research of hypergraphs; secondly, introduced the theory of hypergraphs briefly; then, compared the learning methods of ordinary graphs and hypergraphs from three aspects: matrix decomposition, random walk, and deep learning; next, introduced the structural optimization of hypergraphs from three perspectives: dynamic hypergraphs, hyperedge weight optimization, and multimodal hypergraph generation; after that, the applicability of three uncertain hypergraph models were analyzed based on three uncertainty theories: probability theory, fuzzy set, and rough set; finally, the future research directions of hypergraphs and uncertain hypergraphs were prospected.
Image-Based Trajectory Tracking Through Unknown Environments Without Absolute Positioning

This article describes a stereo image-based visual servoing (VS) system for trajectory tracking by a nonholonomic robot without externally derived pose information nor a known visual map of the environment. It is called trajectory servoing (TS). The critical component is a feature-based, indirect simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) method to provide a pool of available features with estimated depth, so that they may be propagated forward in time to generate image feature trajectories for VS. Short and long distance experiments show the benefits of TS for navigating unknown areas without absolute positioning. Empirically, TS has better trajectory tracking performance than pose-based feedback when both rely on the same underlying SLAM system.
A Gaussian approach for continuous time models of the short-term interest rate

This paper proposes a Gaussian estimator for nonlinear continuous time models of the short-term interest rate. The approach is based on a stopping time argument that produces a normalizing transformation facilitating the use of a Gaussian likelihood. A Monte Carlo study shows that the finite-sample performance of the proposed procedure offers an improvement over the discrete approximation method proposed by Nowman (1997). An em-pirical application to US and British interest rates is given.
Transport of a solid sphere in the peristaltic tube

A biomechanical model and mathematical formulation of the problem of the peristaltic propulsion of a rigid sphere (bolus) along the biological tube are presented. The tube is modelled on a soft orthotropic cylindrical shell reinforced by incompressible and transversely isotropic muscle elements. The model describes the dynamics of propagation of wave of excitation along the muscle layers, active force generation and the transport of a bolus. The sphere in motion is subjected to dry and viscous friction. The contact forces between the wall and bolus are assumed to be orthogonal to the sphere surface. The governing system of equations has been derived and solved numerically. The finite-difference method of second order accuracy over the time and space variables has been used. The results of numerical simulation: changes in configuration, stressstrain distribution and the transport of a bolus along the peristaltic tube are analyzed.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES AND INCLUSION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITY : BRAZILIAN TEACHERS

Licence Creative Commom Abstract: This study analyzed Physical Education teachers’ concept of inclusion and determined positive and negative aspects of inclusion in their classes. Interviews were conducted with 18 Physical Education teachers working in Brazilian public schools. Data collected were examined by content analysis to search for emerging themes. The findings showed that inclusion was understood as participation and learning for all children rather than only for those with disabilities. Team sports were pointed as the main challenge for the inclusion of students with disability. Initial and continuing education programs for teachers need to target effective pedagogical practices to promote inclusion, leading to restructuring Physical Education teachers’ training.