Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of hemodynamic changes after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the anatomical hand knob and hand motor hotspot: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

Background: Low-frequency rTMS can induce upregulation of excitability in the contralateral hemisphere by interhemispheric interaction. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of interhemispheric modulation on hemodynamic changes after applying low-frequency rTMS over the anatomical hand knob (HK) and the hand motor hotspot (hMHS) in the dominant motor cortex. Methods: Ten healthy right-handed participants without a history of neurological or psychiatric symptoms (five males; 29.8±2.8 years) participated in this single-blind, randomized, cross-over study. rTMS was applied under three conditions over the dominant (left) hemisphere for 20 minutes: 1) 1 Hz rTMS stimulation on the HK (HK-rTMS), 2) 1 Hz rTMS stimulation on the hMHS (hMHS-rTMS), and 3) sham stimulation (Sham-rTMS). For all participants, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was applied for measurement of cerebral oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) and deoxyhemoglobin (deoxyHb) concentration over the non-dominant (right) hemisphere during a serial reaction time task (SRTT) with the non-dominant (left) hand before and after each condition. Results: The average coordinates of the hMHS (x = – 39.60 mm, y = – 17.11 mm, z = 66.40 mm) were anterior and lateral to the HK (x = – 36.72 mm, y = – 28.87 mm, z = 56.41 mm). In fNIRS time-series analysis, the integral value of oxyHb was significantly increased over the motor cortical region of the non-dominant hemisphere after the hMHS-rTMS compared with Sham-rTMS. The HK-rTMS also showed slight increment of oxyHb concentration but without statistical significance. The SPM group analysis showed greater magnitude of the activity in hMHS-rTMS than that of HK-rTMS after stimulation (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These results demonstrated an interhemispheric modulation effect of hemodynamic changes by 1 Hz rTMS. The hMHS produced a more robust modulation effect of 1 Hz rTMS on the contralateral hemisphere than did the HK. Therefore, the rTMS can be considered a better stimulation target than the HK.
STUDIES ON MORPHOLOGY, DISTRIBUTION OF EFNS AND THE ASSOCIATION OF ANTS WITH EXTRA-FLORAL NECTARIES BEARING PLANTS

Morphology (Location, shape) and distribution of EFNs for 62 plants were listed for the first time in India. Fabaceae possessed nectaries on peduncle, on petiole, on Interpetiolar region, on last pair of paripinnately compound leaflets and on lower portion of petiolule. Among Cucurbitaceae EFN location was on abaxial surface of leaf, bract, bracteoles, flower bud, calyx. Amongst Malvaceae family mostly nectaries present on abaxial surface of leaf and one species have on digitate leaf base and bottom of petiole, stem (Ceiba pentandra). In Euphorbiaceae nectaries were present on different sites like, abaxial surface of leaf, petiole, stem and calyx. Convoluvalaceae mostly own nectaries on abaxial surface of leaf on midrib and base of leaf. Six morphotypes of EFNs were found in 62 plants. Distribution of EFNs on different plant parts falls within the three categories like, single, paired, uniform and scattered. The study on association of ants with 56 EFN-bearing plant species was done for the first time in India. Fabaceae found to be associated with all the three subfamilies of ant. Plant species under family Cucurbitaceae were linked with six species of ants. In Malvaceae, only two ant subfamilies are associated. With Euphorbiaceae, four ant species were associated all falling under the subfamily Myrmicinae. With Convoluvalaceae five ant species were related.
Thermal properties of water and steam

Much of the current interest in hot water and steam injection for oil recovery arises from the favorable thermal properties of water, an understanding of which is basic to the efficient utilization of the heat energy in such operations. Two graphs are utilized to illustrate the thermal properties of water. The first shows the boiling point for saturation temperatures of water at different pressures; the second shows enthalpy of water (sensible heat), latent heat of vaporization, and enthalpy of dry and saturated steam (total heat) at different pressures. While these 2 charts provide an overall view of the properties of steam, detailed steam tables should be used in actual computations. These tables list all of the more important thermodynamic properties of saturated steam as functions of pressures and temperature. In oil field practice, the steam generated for thermal recovery, by a typical single-pass boiler, contains as much as 15 to 20% water by weight. The percent quality of steam expresses the percent by weight of dry and saturated steam per lb of wet steam. An equation is given for calculating the enthalpy of wet steam.
A New and All-Solid-State Potentiometric Aluminium Ion Sensor for Water Analysis

An all-solid-state potentiometric electrode system for aluminium ion determination was developed with a new aluminium ion sensor as the working electrode based on a new ionophore for aluminium ion, 1,1′-[(methylazanediyl)bis(ethane-2,1-diyl)]bis[3-(naphthalen-1-yl)thiourea] (ACH). The reference electrode was a potassium ion sensor, which acts as a pseudo-reference. Both electrodes were made from Ag/AgCl screen-print electrodes fabricated from a non-plasticized and photocurable poly(n-butyl acrylate) membrane that contained various other membrane components. The pseudo-reference potential based on the potassium ion sensor was fixed in 0.050 M KNO3, and such concentration of K+ ion did not interfere with the measurement of the Al3+ ion using the aluminium sensor. With such a pseudo-reference and in the presence of 0.050 M KNO3 as a background medium, the aluminium sensor measured changes of aluminium ion concentrations linearly from 10−6 to 10−2 M Al3+ ion with a Nernstian response of 17.70 ± 0.13 mV/decade. A low detection limit of 2.45 × 10−7 M was achieved with this all-solid-state potentiometric system. The aluminium sensor was insensitive to pH effects from 2.0 to 8.0 with a response time of less than 50 s. Under optimum conditions, a lifetime of 49 days was achieved with good sensor selectivity, reversibility, repeatability, and reproducibility. The all-solid-state electrode system was applied to analyze the Al3+ ion content of water samples from a water treatment plant. Compared with the conventional potentiometric detection system for aluminium ions, the new all-solid-state aluminium ion sensor incorporating a pseudo-reference from the potassium sensor demonstrated similar analytical performance. It thus provided a convenient means of aluminium content analysis in water treatment plants.
SOLVENT BEHAVIOR IN HYDROPHOBIC SILICA NANOTUBES AND NANOTUBE MEMBRANES

Title of thesis: SOLVENT BEHAVIOR IN HYDROPHOBIC SILICA NANOTUBES AND NANOTUBE MEMBRANES Karthik Jayaraman Master of Science, 2005 Thesis directed by : Professor Douglas S. English Professor Sang Bok Lee The development of template-synthesized silica nanotubes has created a unique opportunity for studying confined fluids by providing nanometer-scale containers in which, the inner diameter (i.d.) and surface chemistry can be systematically and independently varied. An interesting question to be answered is: Do solvents wet nanometer-scale tubes in the same way that they wet ordinary capillaries? To answer this question, we have conducted studies to explore the wettability of the hydrophobic interiors of individual nanotubes. In these studies, single nanotubes with i.d. ’s of either 30 or 170 nm were investigated over a range of water/methanol mixtures. These studies provide a direct route for comparing wetting phenomena in nanotubes with conventional macroscopic theories of capillarity. Our observations reveal four important aspects of wetting in the sub-200 nm regime; (i) observation of a sharp transition between wetting and non-wetting conditions with increasing methanol concentration, (ii) invariance of this transition between nanotubes of 30 and 170 nm pore diameter (iii) failure of the YoungLaplace equation to accurately predict the methanol mole fraction for the transition and (iv) the reversibility of the observed wetting. The single nanotube measurements were complemented with membrane transport experiments that corroborate our conclusions. The first two aspects conform to conventional capillarity (Young-Laplace), but the latter two do not. The variation between the predicted and the experimental values may be associated with either our reliance on macroscopic values of contact angles and surface tensions in the Young-Laplace equation, or to liquid phase instability within the hydrophobic pore. SOLVENT BEHAVIOR IN HYDROPHOBIC SILICA NANOTUBES AND NANOTUBE MEMBRANES
Achilles Tendon Adaptation to Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation: Morphological and Mechanical Changes

Abstract It remains unclear whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation can induce sufficient tendon stress to lead to tendon adaptations. Thus, we investigated the effect of such a training program on the triceps surae muscle following the morphological and mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon. Eight men participated in a 12-week high-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation training program of the triceps surae muscle under isometric conditions. Ultrasonography was used pre- and post-intervention to quantify cross-sectional area, free length, and total length of the Achilles tendon, as well as the myotendinous junction elongation during a maximal isometric ramp contraction under plantar flexion. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation training does not lead to changes in Achilles tendon free and total length, cross-sectional area, or maximal elongation capacity. However, a significant increase was evidenced in maximal tendon force post-training (+25.2%). Hence, Young’s Modulus and maximal stress were significantly greater after training (+12.4% and +23.4%, respectively). High-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation training induces repeated stress sufficient to lead to adaptations of mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon. Thus, this training technique may be of particular interest as a new rehabilitation method in tendinopathy management or to counteract the effect of hypo-activity.
Synthesis and characterization of Mg1-xNixAl2O4 and their photocatalytic behaviors towards Congo red under UV light irradiation

* Corresponding Author Email: m_kargarrazi@iau‐tnb.ac. ir How to cite this article Hajavazzade R. , Kargar Razi M. Mahjoub A.R. Synthesis and characterization of Mg1-xNixAl2O4 and their photocatalytic behaviors towards Congo red under UV light irradiation. Int. J. Nano Dimens. , 2020; 12(1): 67-75. Abstract In this paper, MgAl2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by the Sol-gel auto combustion method and were doped with different concentrations of Ni2+ (x= 0, 0.1, 0.05, and 0.03). By this method, a novel photocatalyst which had better decolorization percentages of Congo red compared to MgAl2O4 was produced. The MgAl2O4 samples were calcinated at 1000 0C. The samples obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, FT-IR, EDX, and ICP-AES. The photocatalytic activity of MgAl2O4 samples were evaluated by UV-Vis spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) to confirm the performance rate of the photocatalyst. Also, the photocatalytic properties were investigated in the presence of UV light, certain amounts of photocatalysts, and Congo red dye. The bestobtained results of the photocatalytic activity among the prepared samples were Mg0.9Ni0.1Al2O4 because this photocatalyst had a removal conversion of 99.3 % of the dye after 90 min, which was better than other photocatalysts in similar conditions. Mg0.9Ni0.1Al2O4 was used as a photocatalyst five successfully times without any changes or loss of its high photocatalytic activity for this process. In this project, we used Ni2+ to dope MgAl2O4 nanoparticles. The results decolorization percentages of Congo red showed that Mg0.9Ni0.1Al2O4 had better efficiency compared to MgAl2O4, and other photocatalysts.
Meditation-Based Lifestyle Modification: Development of an Integrative Mind-Body Program for Mental Health and Human Flourishing

Mental disorders are a core health challenge in the 21st century. Integrative mental health care takes an individual, lifestyle-modifying, salutogenic approach, combining somatic, psychosocial, and spiritual perspectives from evidence-based conventional and complementary medicine. In particular, meditation and mindfulness have received growing research interest in the last decade. In this article, we present Meditation-Based Lifestyle Modification (MBLM), a new, complex mind-body intervention for mental health care. It is the first program to intensify meditation practice using classical yoga. The program (a) covers all areas of classical yoga, (b) considers ethical and spiritual aspects of daily life, (c) orients participants toward sustained lifestyle modification, and (d) is applicable in a clinical context. The scientific rationale of the program is outlined in this article, based on the Criteria for Reporting the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions in Healthcare. Further research is planned to show the clinical feasibility of MBLM and evaluate its efficacy, processes of change, and cost-effectiveness.
High Flow Oxygen and High Flow Air for Dyspnea in Hospitalized Patients with Cancer: A Pilot Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND The effect of high flow oxygen (HFOx) and high flow air (HFAir) on dyspnea in non-hypoxemic patients is not known. We assessed the effect of HFOx, HFAir, low flow oxygen (LFOx) and low flow air (LFAir) on dyspnea. PATIENTS This double-blind, 4x4 crossover clinical trial enrolled hospitalized patients with cancer who were dyspneic at rest and non-hypoxemic (SpO2>90% on room air). Patients were randomized to 10 minutes of HFOx, HFAir, LFOx and LFAir in different orders. The flow rate was titrated between 20-60 L/min in the high flow interventions and 2 L/min in the low flow interventions. The primary outcome was dyspnea numeric rating scale (NRS) "now" where 0=none and 10=worst. RESULTS 17 patients (mean age 51, 58% female) completed 55 interventions in a random order. The absolute change of dyspnea NRS between 0 and 10 minutes was -1.8 (SD 1.7) for HFOx, -1.8 (2.0) for HFAir, -0.5 (0.8) for LFOx and -0.6 (1.2) for LFAir. In mixed model analysis, HFOx group provided greater dyspnea relief than LFOx (mean difference [95% CI] -0.80 [-1.45,-0.15]; P=0.02) and LFAir (-1.24 [-1.90,-0.57]; P<0.001). HFAir also provided a significantly greater dyspnea relief than LFOx (-0.95 [-1.61,-0.30]; P=0.005) and LFAir (-1.39 [-2.05,-0.73]; P<0.001). HFOx was well tolerated. Seven (54%) patients who tried all interventions blindly preferred HFOx and 4 (31%) preferred HFAir. CONCLUSIONS We found that HFOx and HFAir provided a rapid and clinically significant reduction of dyspnea at rest in hospitalized non-hypoxemic cancer patients. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings. (Clinicaltrials.gov:NCT02932332) IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This double-blind, 4x4 crossover trial examined the effect of oxygen or air delivered at high or low flow rate on dyspnea in hospitalized non-hypoxemic cancer patients. High flow oxygen and high flow air were significantly better at reducing dyspnea than low flow oxygen/air, supporting a role for palliation beyond oxygenation.
Non-visible disease, the hidden disruptive experiences of chronic illness in adversity

ABSTRACT Objective: This study’s principal aim was to describe the lived reality for people with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other chronic health conditions, who live in economically deprived neighbourhoods in a city in North West England. Methodology: This is a qualitative, exploratory study based on in-depth, semi-structured interviews with participants experiencing compromised cardiovascular health, conducted in August 2017. The study sample comprised 14 adults (3 females) aged 54 to 76. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis, and the biographical disruption concept was used as theoretical reference to explore the results. Wider health inequalities literature supplemented the individual experiences of chronic illness. Results: Four main themes were developed from the data: (1) chronic illness as a disruptive experience; (2) struggling for money; (3) lifestyle and health risks; and (4) reflections on current inequalities. The varied nature of participants’ narratives about their chronic illness indicated that the experience of biographical disruption depends on the wider socioeconomic and cultural factors of the individual. Discussion: This study suggests that biographical disruption theory combined with health inequalities contexts highlights the role of hidden suffering and enhances the understanding of chronic illness experiences and thus informs clinical management, service and public health planning.
Degradation, chemical alteration and stabilisation of pyrogenic plant residues in soil

Incubation experiments and solid-state 13C/15N NMR studies were performed in order to investigate the degradation potential of pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) in soil. The studies indicated that PyOM, produced from different plant materials or subjected to different charring treatments, has large differences in chemical composition. The chemical heterogeneity of PyOM affected the respective degradation and humification dynamic. This aging process included the loss of aryl domains and heterocyclic N compounds on a decade time-scale. The simultaneous enrichment of polar functional groups by partial oxidation of aryl C may have an impact on the formation of PyOM-mineral complexes. In addition PyOM is lost by mobilisation of its degradation products and their transport to deeper soil horizons or into aquatic systems. In summary, the study points out that pyrogenic sources may not be as recalcitrant as commonly assumed and their role as a highly refractory constituent within the soil organic matter may need re-evaluation. With regard to the climate change, PyOM cannot be generally counted as a potential carbon sink for long-term reduction of CO2 in the atmosphere.
RNAi mediated silencing of Nanog expression suppresses the growth of human colorectal cancer stem cells.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world known for its poor recurrence-free prognosis. Previous studies have shown that it is closely linked with cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have self-renewal potential and the capacity to differentiate into diverse populations. Nanog is an important transcription factor that functions to maintain the self-renewal and proliferation of embryonic stem cells; however, many recent studies have shown that Nanog is also highly expressed in many cancer stem cells. To investigate whether Nanog plays a crucial role in maintaining the stemness of colorectal CSCs, RNA interference was used to downregulate Nanog expression in the CRC stem cell line, EpCAM+CD44+HCT-116 cells (CCSCs). We examined the anti-tumor function of Nanog in vitro and in vivo, using small interfering RNA. Our results revealed that the Nanog mRNA expression level in CCSCs was higher than that in HCT-116 cells. We found that the depletion of Nanog inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in CCSCs. In addition, the invasive ability of CCSCs was markedly restricted when Nanog was silenced by small interfering RNA. Furthermore, we found that the silencing of Nanog decreased tumor size and weight and improved the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice. In conclusion, these findings collectively demonstrate that Nanog, which is highly expressed in CRC stem cells, is a key factor in the development of tumor growth, and it may serve as a potential marker of prognosis and a novel and effective therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC.
(‐)‐Epicatechin maintains endurance training adaptation in mice after 14 days of detraining

The purpose of this study was to determine whether (‐)‐epicatechin (mainly found in cocoa) could attenuate detraining effects in the hindlimb muscles of mice. Thirty‐two male mice were randomized into 4 groups: control, trained, trained with 14 d of detraining and vehicle (DT‐14‐W), and trained with 14 d of detraining and (‐)‐epicatechin [DT‐14‐(‐)‐Epi]. DT‐14‐(‐)‐Epi received (‐)‐epicatechin (1.0 mg/kg 2×/d), whereas water was given to the DT‐14‐W group. The latter 3 groups performed 5 wk of endurance training 5×/wk. Hindlimb muscles were harvested, and Western blots, as well as enzyme analyses, were performed. Training significantly increased capillary‐to‐fiber ratio (ã 78.8%), cytochrome‐c oxidase (ã 35%), and activity (ã 144%) compared to controls. These adaptations returned to control levels for the DT‐14‐W group, whereas the DT‐14‐(‐)‐Epi group was able to maintain capillary‐to‐fiber ratio (ã44%), CcO protein expression (ã45%), and activity (ã108%) above control levels. In addition, the increase in capillarity was related to decreased protein expression of thrombospondin‐1, an antiangiogenic regulator. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in endurance capacity between the trained and DT‐14‐(‐)‐Epi groups. Our data suggest that (‐)‐epicatechin may be a suitable compound to maintain exercise‐induced improved capillarity and mitochondrial capacity, even when exercise regimens are discontinued. —Hüttemann, M. , Lee, I. , Malek, M. H. (‐)‐Epicatechin maintains endurance training adaptation in mice after 14 d of detraining. FASEB J. 26, 1413‐1422 (2012). www.fasebj. org
Earliest Known Material of Amia, Bowfin, From The Sentinel Butte Formation (Paleocene), Medora, North Dakota

Amia calva is an icon in the field of comparative osteology, yet we have a poor understanding of the evolution of the genus because many fossil amiid bones have gone unidentified. Here we identify new material of the genus, Amia, with evidence of two unidentified species. Previously, the oldest known material identifiable as Amia cf. A. pattersoni, was a specimen from the Paleocene epoch of Alberta, Canada approximately 58 million years in age. Fossils of the two unidentified species of Amia were found in the Sentinel Butte Formation, a geologic formation of Paleocene age (~ 60 million years ago) near the town of Medora, North Dakota. The specimens are classified as Amia because the coronoid tooth plates exhibit conical teeth and the parasphenoid exhibits a long tooth patch that extends anteriorly past the ascending rami of the bone. This new Amia material is distinguished from other species based on three criteria. First, the parasphenoid tooth patch is extremely wide posteriorly, reaching the lateral margins of the bone, but very long and narrow anteriorly. Second, the gular plate is uniquely shaped, not being truncated posteriorly but rather tapering both anteriorly and posteriorly. Third, the teeth of coronoid tooth plates are robust, unlike those of other species of Amia which are thinner and more elongated. The frontals of each specimen are very different in shape and proportions suggesting two different taxa. Width and length ratios of bones from the Amia specimens were analyzed to further determine fossil characteristics. One of these taxa could attain a large size with a total length well in excess of 1 m. Together, these taxa highlight the necessity to document the evolutionary history of this long and important lineage of Amia. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many thanks to Becky Barns for preparation of NDGS specimens. This research was funded in part by the Student Research and Creative Endeavors Fund at Columbus State University.