Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mining Statistically Significant Communities From Weighted Networks

As one of the most important issues in data mining and network science, the community detection problem has been extensively investigated during the past decades. Despite of the success achieved by existing methods, how to directly access the statistical significance of an individual community in a weighted network remains unsolved. To address this issue, we present a new method to calculate the analytical p-value of an individual community in weighted networks. The proposed analytical p-value is able to assess the statistical significance that one target community appears in a random weighted graph in a straightforward manner. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed p-value in community evaluation, it is utilized as the objective function in a local search procedure to derive a new community detection algorithm. Experimental results show that the new algorithm is able to achieve comparable performance to those state-of-the-art algorithms for identifying communities from weighted networks. The source codes of our method are available at: https://github.com/chenwenfang/MSSC.
Deep Investigation of the Recent Advances in Dialectal Arabic Speech Recognition

Speech recognition systems play an important role in human–machine interactions. Many systems exist for Arabic speech, however, there are limited systems for dialectal Arabic speech. The Arabic language comprises many properties, some of which are ideal for building automatic speech recognition systems such as syntax and phonology, while other properties are unsuitable for developing speech systems. Importantly, most data are in non-diacritized form, vary in dialect, and contain morphological complexity. Moreover, the Arabic dialects lack a standard structure. In this paper, we present an overview and summation of dialectal Arabic speech recognition systems using different approaches and techniques. The main goal of this paper is to compare and discuss different studies in dialectal Arabic speech systems including several criteria such as techniques, datasets, evaluation metrics, and dialect types. The study also includes a description of some techniques used in all steps of the dialectal Arabic speech system and introduces challenges and problems. Overall, more studies are required to obtain a more accurate speech system for dialectal Arabic.
Contact force minimization strategy for space floating manipulator

When a space manipulator captures an object in orbit, the excess contact force during collision causes the uncontrollable vibration of the manipulator and object. To devise a strategy for reducing this vibration, this paper leverages the multiple configurations of a redundant manipulator and seeks to identify the optimal configuration and contact direction based on the effective mass method. In this paper, a collision model is first established between the end effector and the object based on the continuous contact force method. Then, the peak force, maximum compression, and contact duration between the two bodies during the collision are obtained. For a certain task, the magnitude of the contact force only depends on the effective mass of the space manipulator. Hence, the mapping relationship between the effective mass and the configuration and contact direction of the space manipulator is established, and an ellipsoid is used to describe it. Accordingly, a contact force minimization strategy is designed. The optimal manipulator configuration and collision direction corresponding to the minimum contact force are obtained, and the correctness and effectiveness of the calculations are verified using MATLAB and Adams simulations.
Physically constrained architecture for chip multiprocessors

Recent product announcements show a clear trend towards aggressive integration of multiple cores on a single chip. This kind of architecture is called a "chip multiprocessor" or CMP. By taking advantage of thread level parallelism, CMP can achieve better performance/power scalability with technology than single core architectures. However, this trend presents an expansive design space for chip architects, encompassing number of cores per die, core size and complexity (pipeline depth and superscalar width), core type (in-order and out-of-order, single-threaded or multi-threaded), memory hierarchy and interconnection fabric design, operating voltage and frequency, and so on. These choices are especially difficult because all the variables of interest are inter-related and must be considered simultaneously. Furthermore, trade-offs among these design choices vary depending both on workloads and physical constraints like power, area and thermal constraints. Ignoring any of these physical constraints at early design stage may lead to significant performance loss. In this dissertation I explore this multi-dimensional design space across a range of possible physical constraints, for multiple categories of workloads. To assist this design space exploration, a validated systematic infrastructure is designed to help accelerate CMP simulation. I believe this is the first work which considers so many cores, optimizes across so many design variables simultaneously and is aware of so many important physical constraints.
Blockchain-Envisioned Provably Secure Multivariate Identity-Based Multi-Signature Scheme for Internet of Vehicles Environment

The deployed vehicles in an Internet of Vehicles (IoV) can take intelligent decisions by means of exchanging the real-time traffic-related information between the vehicles and IoV infrastructures. This further reduces the probability of the traffic jams and accidents. However, the insecure (public) communication among the various entities in IoV makes various security threats and attacks that can be launched by passive/active adversaries present in the network. In view of this context, there is a need of an efficient cryptographic primitive which can produce single compact signature. A multi-signature scheme (MSS) empowers a collection of signers to conjointly sign a given message using a single compact signature that can be verified by any verifier. Herein, we put forward a new identity-based multivariate MSS, namely MV-MSS, which is built on top of the intractability of multivariate-quadratic (MQ) problem. The fact is that multivariate public key cryptosystem provides fast, post-quantum safe and efficient primitives, which makes it the front runner candidate among the post-quantum cryptographic candidates. MV-MSS is proven to be secure in the existential unforgeability under chosen-message and chosen identity attack model if solving the MQ problem is NP-hard. We then incorporate the designed MV-MSS in IoV application where the leader (cluster head) selected from a group of vehicles in a dynamic cluster forms the multi-signatures on the messages securely received from its member vehicles. Later, the messages along with their multi-signatures are forwarded to the nearby road-side unit (RSU) of the cluster head, which are then forwarded to a cloud server in the blockchain center maintained by a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) cloud servers network. In this way, the messages and their signatures considered as transactions are put in blocks and added into a public blockchain with the help of consensus algorithm. A comparative study among the proposed MV-MSS and other existing schemes shows that MV-MSS is efficient and secure as compared to other schemes. Finally, a blockchain implementation through simulation study has been performed to show its practical use in IoV application.
Design Techniques for Ultra-Low Voltage Analog Circuits Using CMOS Characteristic Curves: a practical tutorial

The use of ultra-low-voltage (ULV) analog circuits for IoT applications, in which reduced power consumption is a mandatory specification, is becoming more and morean important design approach. Also, in many IoT applications, power is supplied with energy harvested from environmental sources. It is more efficient for the circuit to operate at a voltage level close to the provided by the energy harvester (between 0.3 and 0.6 V). To deal with this when using low-cost technology process nodes - 180-nm, for example, with |VT| ≈0.5V - it is necessary to apply specific design techniques that take advantage of reverse short channel effect, forward bulk bias-ing (FBB) or bulk-driven circuits. The use of low-VT transistors is also a good alternative when they are available inthe target process node. This paper presents a comprehensive scenery about modern CMOS ULV design techniques from the designer’s point of view, including design trade-offs and comments about design decisions. Four step-by-step design examples of ULV circuits are presented: a cross-coupled negative transconductor, a CMOS inverter as an analog amplifier, a pseudo-differential inverter-based amplifier, and a bulk-driven differential amplifier with active load. All designs require the biasing of transistors in moderate and weak inversion regions.The goal is to demonstrate that it is possible to design ULV analog circuits using standard-VT transistors with a supply voltage much lower than the nominal VDD.
Optimal air-gap design in high-frequency foil windings

High-frequency AC losses are normally induced in transformer and inductor windings due to skin, proximity, fringing and other AC effects. In addition, the winding structure greatly affects the distribution of losses within the windings. Air gaps are usually placed in the core of magnetic devices to support the high magnetomotive force (MMF). Fringing fields can cause additional AC winding losses, and care must be taken to minimize these losses. In this paper, the effect of air-gap design on the induced losses is investigated. In particular, three air-gap designs-lumped, discretely distributed and uniformly distributed-are investigated and evaluated. Both one-dimensional (1-D) and finite-element analyses (FEAs) are used to investigate the different design structures.
Offshore vertical wind shear: Final report on NORSEWInD’s work task 3.1

max. 2000 char) This document reports on the analysis performed by the work task 3.1 of the EU NORSEWInD project and includes the following deliverables: • 3.2 Calculated vertical wind shears • 3.3 Multi-variational correlation analysis • 3.4 NWP data for wind shear model • 3.5 Vertical extrapolation methodology • 3.6 Results input into satellite maps The nature of the offshore vertical wind shear is investigated using acquired data from the NORSEWInD network of mast and wind lidar stations. The importance of the knowledge of the vertical wind speed profile and wind shear is first illustrated for the evaluation of power outputs. Background related to the parametrization of the vertical wind speed profile and the behavior of the vertical wind shear in and beyond the atmospheric surface layer is presented together with the application of the long-term atmospheric stability parameters for the analysis of the long-term vertical wind speed profile. Observed vertical wind shears are illustrated for all NORSEWInD wind lidar and meteorological stations in terms of wind shear roses, distributions, and diurnal and monthly evolutions. A multi-variational correlation analysis is performed to study the vertical wind shear dependency on fetch, mean wind speed, seasonality and atmospheric stability. Numerical weather prediction data from the advanced weather research and forecasting (WRF) model is used to 1) Evaluate the ability of the model for the prediction of winds, temperatures and turbulent fluxes to be used for the extrapolation of wind speeds in the surface layer and 2) Construct a basis for the analysis of the long-term vertical wind speed profile and wind shear. A vertical extrapolation methodology for offshore wind resources is also presented based on different methods including profile methods, bulk and gradient Richardson numbers and long-term analysis of the atmospheric stability conditions. Finally, we propose alternatives for the extrapolation of surface winds typically from satellite retrievals and evaluate the effect of such methodologies on the wind speed, power density and vertical wind shear based on data from an offshore tall meteorological mast, where measures of the atmospheric stability can be performed based on observations and WRF outputs. DTU Wind EnergyE-Report-0005(EN) August 29, 2012 ISSN: ISBN: 978-87-92896-04-9 Contract no: TREN-FP7EN219048
Lifestyles Shape the Cytochrome P450 Repertoire of the Bacterial Phylum Proteobacteria

For the last six decades, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs/P450s), heme thiolate proteins, have been under the spotlight due to their regio- and stereo-selective oxidation activities, which has led to the exploration of their applications in almost all known areas of biology. The availability of many genome sequences allows us to understand the evolution of P450s in different organisms, especially in the Bacteria domain. The phenomenon that “P450s play a key role in organisms’ adaptation vis a vis lifestyle of organisms impacts P450 content in their genome” was proposed based on studies on a handful of individual bacterial groups. To have conclusive evidence, one must analyze P450s and their role in secondary metabolism in species with diverse lifestyles but that belong to the same category. We selected species of the phylum Proteobacteria classes, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Epsilon, to address this research gap due to their diverse lifestyle and ancient nature. The study identified that the lifestyle of alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-, and epsilon-proteobacterial species profoundly affected P450 profiles in their genomes. The study determined that irrespective of the species associated with different proteobacterial classes, pathogenic species or species adapted to a simple lifestyle lost or had few P450s in their genomes. On the contrary, species with saprophytic or complex lifestyles had many P450s and secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. The study findings prove that the phenomenon mentioned above is factual, and there is no link between the number and diversity of P450s and the age of the bacteria.
Research on Smart Home System Based on STM32

With the continuous development of science and technology and economy, people’s living standards are constantly improving, which makes the research and development of intelligent equipment attract much attention. Taking smart home as the research object, this paper designs a remote network home system based on Android platform control and voice control through the combination of software and hardware. The system is composed of STM32 single chip microcomputer and each module. It designs and realizes three functions: outdoor rainfall monitoring function, indoor fire monitoring and alarm function and indoor light intensity monitoring function. The environmental information collected by each sensor is transmitted to the STM32 main control chip, which responds and judges and sends at commands to each module, such as stepper motor module, buzzer module, display screen, etc. At the same time, it is connected with the mobile app through the Bluetooth module to realize the functions of real-time monitoring and remote control. At the same time, the sound control module will intelligently identify the control command and transmit the identified command to the main control chip, so as to realize the sound control function.
Science, serendipity, coincidence, and the Oregonator at the University of Oregon, 1969-1974.

This historical review of the development of the Oregonator model of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction is based on a lecture Dick Field presented during IrvFest2015-Celebrating a founding father of chaos! , a meeting in commemoration of Irving R. Epstein's 70 th birthday. For Dick's 80 th birthday festschrift, we focus here on the five papers in the series named "Oscillations in chemical systems," published in 1972 [Noyes et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 1394-1395 (1972); Field et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 8649-8664 (1972); Field and Noyes, Nature 237, 390-392 (1972)] and 1974 [Field and Noyes, J. Chem. Phys. 60, 1877-1884 (1974); Field and Noyes, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 96, 2001-2006 (1974)].
A Controlled Experiment on the Subjective Effects of Jet Engine Noise

With the Co-Operation of 1,600 members of the public a series of aircraft noise assessment tests was made at the 1959 Farnborough Air Show to obtain further information on the way in which the perception of these noises is influenced by subjective effects. This provisional analysis shows that Beranek's empirical method for assessing the perceived noise level is adequate for the comparison of existing types of fixed-wing aircraft. A secondary part of the experiment, dealing with noise simulating the ducted-fan engine, is also described.
Comparative Study on Bioactive Filler/Biopolymer Scaffolds for Potential Application in Supporting Bone Tissue Regeneration

: The combination of biopolymers and bioactive inorganic particles for bone tissue regeneration has been investigated in the last decades. However, several studies report discordant results on the speci ﬁ c synergistic e ﬀ ect of the compounds. A comparative study on porous sca ﬀ olds obtained by the combination of the most promising biopolymers and bioactive inorganic particles is herein reported. Speci ﬁ cally, porous sca ﬀ olds have been fabricated by the Thermally Induced Phase Separation method using poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co -3-hydroxyval- erate) (PHBV), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) compounded with hydroxyapatite (HAp), calcium silicate (CS), or a Mg-and Sr-rich bioglass (BG) with a nominal composition of 2.3% Na 2 O, 2.3% K 2 O, 25.6% CaO, 10.0% MgO, 10.0% SrO, 2.6% P 2 O 5 , and 47.2% SiO 2 . Morphological analyses revealed the formation of highly interconnected and aligned open pores. Both thermal investigations and compressive tests highlight the close similarity between PLA-and PHBV-based sca ﬀ olds in terms of the amorphous structure and sti ﬀ ness when the ﬁ llers are added. On the other hand, the addition of amorphous BG in semicrystalline PCL shows a decrease of the crystallinity degree of the polymer and a consequent decrease of the compressive modulus. Preliminary in vitro investigations (direct and indirect contact tests) carried out on the composite systems revealed that all the prepared materials provide an appropriate environment for NIH 3T3 cell adhesion and proliferation, showing a total lack of cytotoxicity. The addition of all the inorganic ﬁ llers has an overall positive e ﬀ ect on cell proliferation, viability (Neutral Red uptake), and metabolic activity (MTT test). Interestingly, this e ﬀ ect is particularly evident whenever BG is added. The combination of both amorphous BGs with amorphous polymers, such as PLA and PHBV, seems to be responsible for creating the best microenvironmental cue for NIH 3T3 cell attachment and proliferation.
Nano-copper, temperature, biopesticides and traditional compounds mitigate the adverse effects of cowpea beetle in correlation with germination percentage of cowpea

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of three plant extracts ( Ficus , camphor, and clove) and their powders compared with a pyrethroid insecticide (cypermethrin) and copper nanoparticles against the cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. This study also determined the effects of different temperatures on the progeny arising from immature stages of C. maculatus (eggs, larvae, and pupae). Toxicity, progeny, % F 1 reduction, % seed weight loss, and effect on immature stages were studied using the mixing with feeding medium method. Results showed that cypermethrin and copper nanoparticles achieved the highest mortality followed by plant powders and their extracts. In addition, these materials had the same effects on % adult reduction and % weight loss. Most of the immature stages were deterred under the studied temperatures, except for 30°C, which was the most suitable for development of the tested stages. Temperatures of 40°C and 45°C completely prevented any emergence at all durations of exposure, whereas 20°C, 25°C, and 35°C reduced the number of adult emergence. Using plant extracts and their powders provided cowpea seeds the best protection against C. maculatus infestation. In addition, the formulations of plant (extract / powder) and the age of deposit affected plant efficiency. Among the tested materials, clove extract had the highest effect, whereas its powder exerted the least effect. The powders were better than the extracts. Furthermore, the combination of the different tools used in the present investigation might be an effective approach of integrated pest management strategy.
Intelligent Classification and Evaluation Model for Safety Risks of Water Conservancy Projects Based on Deep Learning

The intelligent classification and evaluation method for safety risks in water conservancy projects is proposed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of risk assessment in water conservancy projects. The method uses a preprocess of word segmentation and data augmentation to extract key information in Chinese risk source texts. Then input the segmented words into the embedding layer based on Word2Vec to characterize them as word vectors, and input the word vectors into the bidirectional long short-term memory network for bidirectional semantic feature learning. The attention mechanism is applied at last for feature enhancement and risk level prediction. The results show that the method has better performance than traditional machine learning classification methods in prediction accuracy rate. The method provides credible risk prevention advice for construction staff of water conservancy projects.
Autonomous Phenological Development in Different Merlot Grapevine Shoots

The common viticulture practice called “green thinning,” performed to improve uniformity of ripeness, is based on an underlying assumption that shoots (and their respective clusters) on the same grapevine are phenologically autonomous. There is no empirical evidence to support this assumption. The theory of phenological shoot autonomy in grapevines was tested over three seasons in three different Merlot vineyards located in Napa Valley. A trial was established comparing early pruning versus late pruning of spurs on separate vines or applied to the same vine in two forms: opposite cordons on the same vine or alternate spurs on the same vine. Phenological stages were followed on shoots from one vine per replicate for each treatment combination using an updated Eichhorn-Lorenz (E-L) scale from budbreak to end of veraison. The ordinal logistic regression analysis of the median phenological stages for all seasons revealed an effect of pruning date, but not pruning unit. Budbreak was delayed by 10 days the first season, by seven to nine days the second season, and between 10 and 13 days in 2020 with late pruning. Veraison was delayed five to eight days each season with late pruning on both separate vines and same vine treatments. The analysis of fruit composition three to five weeks after veraison was complete (E-L 41) also showed a lower Brix with late pruning on separate vines or the same vine, and that there was no interaction between pruning date and pruning unit in any vintages. Overall, the results support the phenological shoot autonomy theory in grapevines.
Development of Low-Cost High Efficiency Commercial Ready Advanced Silicon Solar Cells

As a result of the work within this project manufacturing ready devices were developed using 4 different promising Si material technologies with final efficiencies between 20.1% and 21.2%. The starting efficiencies for the FPACE I project were based on best manufactured p-type and n-type cells at the start of the project in 2011. Target efficiencies proposed for the project were 21% for p-type CZ, 20% for p-type cast Si, 21% for n-type and 20% for epi. All Target efficiencies were met or exceeded by the end of the project in 2014. The figure below list displays the 4 highest performing structures for each material with corresponding achieved efficiencies.