Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY OF MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF POLISH LARCH IN THE CONDITIONS OF INTRODUCTION

Polish larch trees are among the most valuable among forest species both in natural growing conditions and in the conditions of introduction. However, its taxonomic status is not fully resolved due to the similarity in morphological features with European and Siberian larch. We conducted a comparative analysis of these species of larch on the morphological features of cones and needles. The studies were carried out in the conditions of introduction in the center of the European part of Russia. We present the average value of the trait (XSR ± Sx) and the degree of its variation (V %). The reliability of the difference between the samples according to these characteristics was determined based on the calculation of the student's criterion t. As a result, we found that the Polish larch has smaller cones and significantly differs from the European and Siberian larch in all studied features (length of cones, width of cones, number of scales in cones, length of needles). These results indicate the isolation of the Polish larch, but this pattern can be expressed not only when referring to the Polish larch in the rank of an independent species – Larix polonica Racib. , but also as a subspecies of European larch (Larix decidua var. polonica (Racib. ex Wóycicki) Ostenf. & Syrach).
An Open-Data Analysis of Heterogeneities in Lung Cancer Premature Mortality Rate and Associated Factors among Toronto Neighborhoods

In public health, various data are rigorously collected and published with open access. These data reflect the environmental and non-environmental characteristics of heterogeneous neighborhoods in cities. In the present study, we aimed to study the relations between these data and disease risks in heterogeneous neighborhoods. A flexible framework was developed to determine the key factors correlated with diseases and find the most relevant combination of factors to explain observations of diseases through nonlinear analyses. Taking Lung Cancer Premature Mortality Rate (LCPMR) in Toronto as an example, two environmental factors (green space, and industrial pollution) and two non-environmental factors (immigrants, and mental health visits) were identified in the relational analysis of all of the target neighborhoods. To determine the influence of the heterogeneity of the neighborhoods, they were clustered into three different classes. In the most severe class, two additional factors related to dwellings were determined to be involved, which increased the observation's deviance from 48.1% to 80%. The factors determined in this study may assist governments in improving public health policies.
Assessment of Brain Drain and its Impact on the Sending Economy: A Case Study of Nepal

The research attempts to examine the factors that lead the experts to leave the country. Using 160 respondents living abroad, the study investigates the relationship between brain drain and the sending economy i.e. Nepal. The study follows descriptive, co-relational and causal comparative research design to analyze the purpose of this study. The result reveals that people leave country mainly for the purpose of education, employment and skills but what makes them settle there is employment and skills, as both of them have significant impact on sending economy at 5 per cent level of significant. As people get better job offers, they start working abroad and when they realize their skills being enhanced, their chances of getting settled in foreign land increases. This means as long as they realize self-growth in the form of better jobs and good skills, they do not plan to come back.
Increased calcidiol level in redhaired people: Could redheadedness be an adaptation to temperate climate?

About 1–2% of European population are redhaired, meaning they synthesize more pheomelanin than eumelanin, the main melanin pigment. Several mutations could be responsible for this phenotype. It has been suggested that corresponding mutations spread in Europe due to a founder effect shaped either by a relaxation of selection for dark, UV-protective phenotypes or by sexual selection in favor of rare phenotypes. In our study, we investigated the levels of vitamin D precursor calcidiol and folic acid in the blood serum of 73 redhaired and 130 non-redhaired individuals. In redhaired individuals, we found higher calcidiol concentrations and approximately the same folic acid concentrations as in non-redhaired subjects. Calcidiol concentrations correlated with the intensity of hair redness measured by two spectrophotometric methods and estimated by participants themselves and by independent observers. In non-redhaired individuals, calcidiol levels covaried with the amount of sun exposure and intensity of suntan while in redhaired individuals, this was not the case. It suggests that increased calcidiol levels in redhaired individuals are due to differences in physiology rather than in behavior. We also found that folic acid levels increased with age and the intensity of baldness and decreased with the frequency of visiting tanning salons. Our results suggest that the redhaired phenotype could be an evolutionary adaptation for sufficient photosynthesis of provitamin D in conditions of low intensity of UV-B radiation in central and northern parts of Europe.
The Impacts of Telematics on Competition and Consumer Behavior in Insurance

Recent technological innovations allow insurance providers to closely monitor and collect detailed data on their customers’ behaviors. Such innovations offer potential benefits by mitigating moral-hazard problems but may provide the incumbent with a lasting first-mover advantage, which may harm consumers. We investigate these outcomes in the context of pay-how-you-drive (PHYD) auto insurance, which offers tailored discounts to drivers monitored by telematics devices. We exploit the staggered entry of PHYD insurance across states and insurers in a difference-in-differences framework. While innovating firms experience initial profit increases, the profits are eroded by entry, which suggests that this innovation does not raise novel antitrust concerns. Furthermore, we find a meaningful impact of PHYD programs on fatal car accidents. Our findings are consistent with impacts implied by canonical theoretical models.
Bright tricolor ultrabroad-band emission carbon dots for white light-emitting diodes with a 96.5 high color rendering index

Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as promising materials for white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) on account of carbon's intrinsic merits of high stability, low cost, and environment-friendliness. However, CDs usually give relatively narrow emission with full width at half maximum within 70–90 nm, which fundamentally restrains construction of CDs-based WLEDs with high color rendering index (CRI). Here, we demonstrate tricolor ultrabroad-band (109–120 nm) emissive CDs (Tri-CDs) with a quantum yield (QY) up to 21–64% by a one-pot solvothermal route. Experimental investigations reveal that tunable emissions of these CDs are based on differently sized sp2 conjugated domains and the content of graphitic nitrogen, which can be modulated by controlling the carbonization and deamination processes during solvothermal reactions. The ultrabroad-band emission spectra of Tri-CDs originate from broad distribution of the particle size. A WLED with Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) color coordinate of (0.362, 0.370) and high CRI of 96.5 is fabricated by integrating Tri-CDs films with an ultraviolet LED chip. This work opens up a new opportunity for the development of high CRI CDs-based WLEDs.
The Reissner Fiber Is Highly Dynamic In Vivo and Controls Morphogenesis of the Spine

Spine morphogenesis requires the integration of multiple musculoskeletal tissues with the nervous system. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) physiology is important for development and homeostasis of the central nervous system and its disruption has been linked to scoliosis in zebrafish [1, 2]. Suspended in the CSF is an enigmatic glycoprotein thread called the Reissner fiber, which is secreted from the subcomissural organ (SCO) in the brain and extends caudally through the central canal to where it terminates at the base of the spinal cord. In zebrafish, scospondin null mutants are unable to assemble the Reissner fiber and fail to extend a straight body axis during embryonic development [3]. Here, we describe zebrafish hypomorphic missense alleles, which assemble the Reissner fiber and straighten the body axis during early embryonic development, yet progressively lose the fiber, concomitant with the emergence of body curvature, alterations in neuronal gene expression, and scoliosis in adults. Using an endogenously tagged scospondin-GFP zebrafish knock-in line, we directly visualized Reissner fiber dynamics during the normal development and during the progression of scoliosis, and demonstrate that the Reissner fiber is critical for the morphogenesis of the spine. Our study establishes a framework for future investigations of mechanistic roles of the Reissner fiber including its dynamic properties, molecular interactions, and how these processes are involved in the regulation of spine morphogenesis and scoliosis. Highlights Hypomorphic mutations in zebrafish scospondin result in progressive scoliosis The disassembly of the Reissner fiber in scospondin hypomorphic mutants results in the strong upregulation of neuronal receptors and synaptic transport components An endogenous fluorescent knock-in allele of scospondin reveals dynamic properties of the Reissner fiber during zebrafish development Loss of the Reissner fiber during larval development is a common feature of zebrafish scoliosis models
Exploring local and global ideals of beauty in Turkey : discourses and practices of plastic surgery patients and physicians

iii ÖZET . iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . v TABLE OF CONTENTS . vii LIST OF TABLES . x LIST OF FIGURES . xi CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER II: GLOBALIZATION . 6 2.1. Forces of Globalization . 9 2.1. 1. Political and Economic Forces . 10 2.1. 2. Social and Cultural Forces . 13 2.2. Globalization and Individual Identities . 19 CHAPTER III: BODY-RELATED CONSUMPTION IN A GLOBAL WORLD . 25 3.1. Body Representation through Global Forces . 27 3.1. 1. Medical Discourse . 27 3.1. 2. The Media . 30 3.1. 3. Representation of Body in Different Global Contexts . 35 3.1. 3.1. Advertising . 35 3.1. 3.2. Fashion Industry . 36 3.1. 3.3. Film and Music Industry . 39 3.1. 3.4. Beauty Pageants . 41 3.2. Desire for Otherness . 44 3.3. Aesthetic Tourism . 49
The kinesin-8 Kip3 depolymerizes microtubules with a collective force-dependent mechanism

Microtubules are highly dynamic filaments with dramatic structural rearrangements and length changes during the cell cycle. An accurate control of the microtubule length is essential for many cellular processes in particular, during cell division. Motor proteins from the kinesin-8 family depolymerize microtubules by interacting with their ends in a collective and length-dependent manner. However, it is still unclear how kinesin-8 depolymerizes microtubules. Here, we tracked the microtubule end-binding activity of yeast kinesin-8, Kip3, under varying loads and nucleotide conditions using high-precision optical tweezers. We found that single Kip3 motors spent up to 200 s at the microtubule end and were not stationary there but took several 8-nm forward and backward steps that were suppressed by loads. Interestingly, increased loads, similar to increased motor concentrations, also exponentially decreased the motors’ residence time at the microtubule end. On the microtubule lattice, Kip3 had a different binding behavior suggesting that the observations are distinct for the microtubule end. The force dependence of the end residence time enabled us to estimate what force must act on a single motor to achieve the microtubule depolymerization speed of a motor ensemble. This force is higher than the stall force of a single Kip3 motor, supporting a collective force-dependent depolymerization mechanism. Understanding the mechanics of kinesin-8’s microtubule end activity will provide important insights into cell division with implications for cancer research. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Kinesin-8 motors are important for microtubule length regulation and overexpressed in different types of cancer. Yet, on the molecular level, it is unclear how these motors depolymerize microtubules. Using high-precision optical tweezers, we measured how single yeast kinesin-8 motors, Kip3, interacted with the microtubule end. Interestingly, we found that single Kip3 motors were still motile at the microtubule end. The force dependence of how long single motors were associated with the microtubule end enabled us to estimate what force motors must exert onto each other to achieve the collective microtubule depolymerization speed of many motors. Our data support a collective force-dependent depolymerization mechanism. A better understanding of Kip3’s microtubule end activity has implications for cell division and associated diseases.
The Clinical Characteristics, Treatment, and Outcomes of Giant Cell Arteritis are Dependent on Histological Subtype

Objective: To determine the clinical outcomes of the two histopathological patterns considered positive for giant cell arteritis (GCA): active arteritis and healed arteritis. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of 22 patients with biopsy-proven GCA. Eleven patients had active arteritis and eleven patients had post-inflammatory alterations consistent with healed arteritis. We sought to compare presenting symptoms, ischemic ocular events, inflammatory markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], C-reactive protein [CRP], and platelet count), relapses, and dosage requirements of long-term steroids between the two groups. Results: 7 of 11 patients with active arteritis had an initial ocular ischemic event while 3 of the 11 patients with healed arteritis had an initial ischemic event to the eye. There was no statistical difference in initial ESR between the two groups, but CRP and platelet counts on initial presentation were statistically higher in the active group (p = 0.0002 and p <0.0001 respectively). Patients with active arteritis on biopsy required higher doses of steroids over a 2-year follow-up compared to the healed group: on average 11 mg/day to 1 mg/day at 1 year (p = 0.0008), and 7 mg/day to 0.5 mg/day at 2 years (p = 0.0208), respectively. During the follow-up period, 2 of the 11 patients in the active group demonstrated a recurrent ischemic event to the eye same or fellow eye while in the healed group there were no recurrent ischemic events. Conclusions: Patients with healed arteritis on pathological examination of temporal artery biopsy appear to have better prognoses and may require less aggressive treatment than those with active inflammation.
Culture of Moina macrocopa Using Different Types of Organic Wastes

Moina macrocopa was cultured with different animal manures (chicken manure, pig manure and cow manure) and food waste to determine the impact of these food sources on its mass production. All diets were provided at five different concentrations: 500, 1000, 2500, 5000 and 10000 ppm. Gross and net reproductive rates were higher in 1000 ppm concentration of food waste medium and the highest average population growth was obtained of about 9 org mL-1 whereas pig manure treatment showed the lowest among all the culture medium. The highest population density was observed in low concentration treatments, on the contrary, higher concentrations showed an adverse effect on M. macrocopa cultivation. The results of this study suggest that 1000 ppm concentration of food waste produces better results than other animal manures which showed the highest population density and exhibited a comparatively higher percentage of highly unsaturated fatty acids than the other treatments and could be an inexpensive and sustainable cultivation approach of Moina macrocopa.
Towards Real-Time Partially Self-Calibrating Pedestrian Navigation With an Inertial Sensor Array

Inspired by algorithms utilized in inertial navigation, an inertial motion capturing algorithm capable of position and heading estimation is introduced. The fusion algorithm is capable of real-time link geometry estimation, which allows for the imposition of biomechanical constraints without a priori knowledge regarding sensor placements. Furthermore, the algorithm estimates gyroscope and accelerometer bias, scaling, and non-orthogonality parameters in real-time. The stationary phases of the links, during which pseudo-measurements such as zero velocity or heading stabilization updates are applied, are detected using optically trained neural networks with buffered accelerometer and gyroscope data as inputs. The estimated position and heading in each link are subject to a limited amount of error relative to the traveled distance, even though the algorithm does not utilize magnetic or external position measurements. The performance of the algorithm, deployed using both extended and square-root unscented Kalman filtering schemes (EKF and SRUKF, respectively), is experimentally evaluated during a fast-paced walking test using a custom-made inertial motion capture system. Comparison with an optical motion capture system shows that, compared to the EKF, the SRUKF performs up to 3 times and 40% better in terms of position and attitude estimation root mean square error (RMSE), respectively.
Explanations for Ontology-Mediated Query Answering in Description Logics (Extended Abstract)

Ontology-mediated query answering is a paradigm that seeks to exploit the semantic knowledge expressed in terms of ontologies to improve query answers over incomplete data sources. In this paper, we focus on description logic ontologies, and study the problem of explaining why an ontology-mediated query is entailed from a given data source. Speciﬁcally, we view explanations as minimal sets of assertions from an ABox, which satisfy the ontology-mediated query. Based on such explanations, we study a variety of problems taken from the recent literature on explanations (studied for existential rules), such as recognizing all minimal explanations. Our results establish tight connections between intractable explanation problems and variants of propositional satisﬁability problems. We provide insights on the inherent computational difﬁculty of deriving explanations for ontology-mediated queries.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONATION AND NURSE ERGONOMIC BEHAVIOR IN PREVENTION OF LOW BACK PAIN

An awkward posture is the most common and significant factor of Low back pain among nurses. Nurses are often exposed to ergonomic constraints. The study aimed to examine the correlation between the conation with nurse ergonomics behavior in preventing low back pain. This study was an explanatory observational research design using a cross-sectional study. A total of 106 nurses were recruited using a probability sampling method through a simple random sampling technique. Data analysis was performed and presented in descriptive statistics, and significant findings were computed using the chi-square test. The results showed that there is a significant correlation between the conation with nurse ergonomic behavior in preventing low back pain events. Ergonomic behavior is essential for nurses to avoid low back pain. Ergonomic behavior will be formed if a nurse has the intention or conation to do a practice. Intention or conation can be formed from attitudes toward behavior, subjective norms, and perceptions of control. Keywords: Conation, Intention, Ergonomic, Behavior, Low back pain
Linear parametric amplification/attenuation for MEMS vibratory gyroscopes based on triangular area-varying capacitors

This paper presents the linear parametric resonance for MEMS vibratory gyroscopes using triangular area-varying capacitors. Compared to parametric resonance using gap-varying capacitors, the electrostatic stiffness using triangular capacitors is completely linear and independent of the motion displacement. A pump voltage in the square-rooted form consisting of both DC tuning voltage and AC signal with twice the drive resonance frequency is applied to the triangular capacitors in gyroscope sense mode for both mode matching and parametric amplification of Coriolis signal simultaneously. Parametric amplification or attenuation is realized by choosing specific phase and amplitude of the pump voltage. Experimental results show a maximum parametric gain of 13 times in gyroscope sense mode and the open-loop scale factor amplification of 4.8 times compared with the case where no pump voltage is applied. For one-hour zero-rate-output data, an improvement factor of 5.74 is achieved for angle random walk from 0.1745 ° √h−1 to 0.0304 ° √h−1. Meanwhile, an improvement factor of 9.73 for bias instability is achieved from 3.609 ° h−1 (occurring at integration time 40 s) to 0.371 ° h−1 (at 52 s). The quadrature error due to stiffness coupling is reduced from 9 ° s−1 to 1 ° s−1 which agrees well with our analysis that Coriolis force is mechanically amplified while quadrature error is dampened.
Prospects of Blockchain in Contract and Property

Abstract Recurrent difficulties are delaying what for the time being are still modest applications of blockchain. This paper identifies what value this new technology adds to the contractual and property processes, exploring its potential and analyzing the main difficulties it is facing. Paying particular attention to the distinction between contract (personal or in personam) rights and property (real or in rem) rights, it first examines the difficulties for trading contract rights through blockchain-based applications, mainly those to complete contracts ex ante without relying on third-party enforcers. Second, it explores the difficulties faced by blockchain to enable trade in property rights.
Effect of Jaftex and Chlorhexidine Mouthwashes on Oral Microorganism: A Comparative Study

Introduction: One of the effective ways to reduce the number of microbes in the oral environment is the use of mouthwashes. This study aimed to compare the effect of the Jaftex and Chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwashes on oral microorganisms. Materials and Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial study, the study population was a group consisting of 44 dental students in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. At first, before the intervention, the saliva of volunteers was collected and sent to the lab for counting the number of microbial colonies. Students were randomly divided into two groups: A and B. In group A (n=22), the participants received Jaftex mouthwash and in group B (n=22), the participants were given CHX mouthwash. They were asked to use mouthwashes for one week, twice a day, under certain conditions. After one week, the volunteers’ saliva samples were collected and sent to the laboratory. The collected data were analyzed by using T-test and the significance level was considered to be less than 0.05. Results: The results of this study showed that the Jaftex mouthwash (Group A) significantly reduced the number of microorganisms (p=0.005). The CHX mouthwash (Group B) also reduced significantly the number of microorganisms in the mouth (p<0.001). The comparison between the two groups showed that the mean number of microorganisms in group B was lower than group A, but this difference was not significant. Conclusion: The Jaftex mouthwash reduces the number of microorganisms in the mouth, but it has a less antimicrobial effect compared to CHX. The Jaftex is recommended as an anti-bacterial mouthwash.