Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
XLαs, the extra-long form of the α-subunit of the Gs G protein, is significantly longer than suspected, and so is its companion Alex

Because of the use of alternate exons 1, mammals express two distinct forms of Gsα-subunits: the canonical 394-aa Gsα present in all tissues and a 700+-aa extra-long αs (XLαs) expressed in a more restricted manner. Both subunits transduce receptor signals into stimulation of adenylyl cyclase. The XL exon encodes the XL domain of XLαs and, in a parallel ORF, a protein called Alex. Alex interacts with the XL domain of XLαs and inhibits its adenylyl cyclase-stimulating function. In mice, rats, and humans, the XL exon is thought to contribute 422.3, 367.3, and 551.3 codons and to encode Alex proteins of 390, 357, and 561 aa, respectively. We report here that the XL exon is longer than presumed and contributes in mice, rats, and humans, respectively, an additional 364, 430, and 139 codons to XLαs. We called the N-terminally extended XLαs extra-extra-long Gsα, or XXLαs. Alex is likewise longer. Its ORF also remains open in the 5′ direction for ≈2,000 nt, giving rise to Alex-extended, or AlexX. RT-PCR of murine total brain RNA shows that the entire XXL domain is encoded in a single exon. Furthermore, we discovered two truncated forms of XXLαs, XXLb1 and XXLb2, in which, because of alternative splicing, the Gsα domain is replaced by different sequences. XXLb proteins are likely to be found as stable dimers with AlexX. The N-terminally longer proteins may play regulatory roles.
Sea Level Rise Effect on Groundwater Rise and Stormwater Retention Pond Reliability

The coastal areas of Florida, United States, are exposed to increasing risk of flooding due to sea level rise as well as severe hurricanes. Florida regulations suggest constructing stormwater retention ponds as an option to retain excess runoff generated by the increased impervious area and to protect the environment by reducing pollutants from new developments. Groundwater level rise can significantly lower the soil storage capacity and infiltration at retention ponds, in turn, reducing the pond’s capacity to capture consecutive storms due to longer pond volume recovery time. Partial groundwater inundation can affect retention ponds’ ability to decrease peak flow rates and keep the post-development outflow lower than or equal to pre-development conditions. In this paper, the reliability and performance of a retention pond near Tampa Bay, Florida, was evaluated under sea level rise conditions. An integrated surface water and groundwater model was developed, and the groundwater table was projected for future conditions as a function of sea level rise. The results showed that sea level rise could increase the seasonal high water elevation of the retention pond up to 40 cm by mid-21st century. This increase lowered the reliability of the retention pond by about 45%. The pond failed to recover the designed treatment volume within required 72 h because of the high groundwater table, increasing the risk of pollutant discharge. Furthermore, the peak flow and volume of runoff significantly increased under sea level rise and associated groundwater table rise conditions. The study results suggest that it is imperative to consider future sea level rise conditions in stormwater design in low-lying coastal areas of Florida and around the world to prevent poor pond performance and increased risk of flooding in the future.
Detection of distributed denial of service attack in cloud computing using the optimization-based deep networks

ABSTRACT Cloud computing services provide a wide range of resource pool for maintaining a large amount of data. Cloud services are commonly used as the private or public data forum based on the demand, and the increase in usage has lead to security concerns. The information in the cloud comes under threat due to hackers, and the most common attack on the cloud data is considered as the Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack. This work has concentrated on detecting the DDoS attack by developing the deep learning-based classifier. The service request from the users is collected and grouped as the log information. From the log file, some important features are selected for the classification using the Bhattacharya distance measure to reduce the training time of the classifier. Here, Taylor-Elephant Herd Optimisation based Deep Belief Network (TEHO-DBN), is developed by modifying the Elephant Herd Optimisation (EHO) with the Taylor series and the algorithm thus developed is adopted to train the Deep Belief Network (DBN) for the DDoS attack detection. From the simulation results, it can be concluded that the proposed TEHO based DBN classifier has improved performance with a maximum accuracy of 0.830.
Avaliação da sensibilidade da cultura de leite do tanque para isolamento de agentes contagiosos da mastite bovina

Samples of bulk tank milk from 33 herds were collected at the dairy processing plant and cultured, as a means of detecting specific (contagious) bovine mastitis pathogens. Somatic cell counts (SCC) were made on a Fossomatic 90. Two and three weekly consecutive samples were obtained from 13 and 12 herds, respectively. Only one sample was examined from eight herds. Three daily consecutive samples of bulk milk and individual quarter samples from all lactating cows from four herds (A, B, C and D) were also examined. Milk from individual quarters were cultured on blood agar, while tank milk samples were cultured on TKT, Mannitol Salt, MacConkey agars and Sabouraud containing chloramphenicol. Staphylococcus aureus was recovered from 26 of the 33 herds sampled in the dairy processing plant. Nine of these samples also contained Streptococcus agalactiae. Nine herds had SCC above 500,000 ml-1. The remaining 23 herds had SCC levels below 400,000 ml-1. S. aureus and S. agalactiae were isolated from five of the nine herds with high SCC, S. agalactiae from one and S. aureus from three. Six herds had SSC below 200,000 ml-1. S. aureus and S. agalactiae were isolated from one, S. aureus from three, while the other two were negative for both pathogens. The results of herds A, B, C and D sampled at the farms showed that S. aureus was isolated from 1.8%, 19.2%, 17.0% and 8.4% of the animals and 0.9%, 5.9%, 5.4% and 2.2% of the mammary quarters, respectively. S. agalactiae was isolated from herds A, C and D. Within these herds the percentages of isolation were, respectively, 1.8%, 10.6% and 8.4% for the cows and 0.46%, 3.8% and 3.7% for the mammary quarters. S. aureus was recovered from all three bulk tank cultures from herds A, B and D. Only the third sample from herd C was positive for S. aureus. S. agalactiae was recovered from all samples collected from herd D, two samples from herd C and one sample from herd A. Coliforms were isolated from all tank samples from herds A, B, C and D and from all but one sample collected in the processing plant. Yeasts were recovered from 16 herds sampled at the processing plant and from all tank samples from herds A, B, C, and D. Neither coliforms or yeasts were isolated from the individual animals of herds A, B, C and D. These findings indicate that the milk was contaminated during or after milking, probably due to deficient hygiene and cleaning procedures. The analysis of the bulk tank milk cultures showed that the test was sensitive enough to detect contagious mastitis pathogens. The sensitivity of the test increased when more than two consecutive samples were examined.
Environmental regulation, total factor productivity, and enterprise duration: Evidence from China

Environmental regulation has been confirmed to have an important impact on enterprise productivity, which is regarded as a crucial factor of enterprise duration. However, existing studies have paid little attention to how environmental regulation affects enterprise duration. Using firm‐level data from the Chinese Industrial Enterprises Database (2003–2007) and the stochastic frontier analysis method, we estimate enterprise total factor productivity (TFP) and its four decomposed components (scale efficiency change, technological change, factor allocation efficiency change, and technical efficiency change). Meanwhile, we adopt a comprehensive index to measure the environmental regulation intensity. Furthermore, we use the linear probability model and the proportional hazards model to investigate the effect of environmental regulation on enterprise duration through the mediating role of enterprise TFP. The results show that although environmental regulation per se negatively impacts on enterprise duration, environmental regulation can present a synthetic positive effect on enterprise duration due to its positive effect on enterprise TFP. Specifically, environmental regulation significantly mitigates the scale efficiency and technical efficiency of regulated enterprises. It also stimulates regulated enterprises' technological innovation and improves their factor allocation efficiency. In addition, state‐owned and large‐scale enterprises are more malleable when facing environmental regulations. We propose that the government should encourage enterprises to innovate and improve the allocation efficiency of production factors, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling environmental pollution in stages while extending enterprise duration.
Assessing presence in virtual environments: adaptation of the psychometric properties of the Presence Questionnaire to the Portuguese populations

ABSTRACT Virtual Reality applications have the goal of transporting their users to a given virtual environment (VE). Thus, Presence is a consensual metric for evaluating the VEs' effectiveness. The present study adapts the Presence Questionnaire (PQ) for the Portuguese-speaking population, maintaining the validity of the contents and concepts, to ascertain the psychometric properties of the instrument.The adaptation to Portuguese was achieved through the standard adaptation process of translation and back-translation process. The sample consisted of 451 individuals (268 males and 183 females). Factor reliability ranged from 0.63 to 0.86. Confirmatory factor analysis produced a theoretical model of 21 items distributed among seven factors, where the covariance between some residual item errors was established. The fit indices obtained were , GFI , CFI , RMSEA , P [RMSEA ], MECVI . Results obtained allowed us to consider that the adapted Portuguese version of the PQ, with 21 items, forms a robust and valid questionnaire whose use is recommended to evaluate Presence in virtual reality research programmes, provided that they use samples of the Portuguese language (Europe).
Semantic analysis on social networks: A survey

As social networks are getting more and more popular day by day, large numbers of users becoming constantly active social network users. In this way, there is a huge amount of data produced by users in social networks. While social networking sites and dynamic applications of these sites are actively used by people, social network analysis is also receiving an increasing interest. Moreover, semantic understanding of text, image, and video shared in a social network has been a significant topic in the network analysis research. To the best of the author's knowledge, there has not been any comprehensive survey of social networks, including semantic analysis. In this survey, we have reviewed over 200 contributions in the field, most of which appeared in recent years. This paper not only aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the research and application of social network analysis based on semantic analysis but also summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art techniques for analyzing social media data. First of all, in this paper, social networks, basic concepts, and components related to social network analysis were examined. Second, semantic analysis methods for text, image, and video in social networks are explained, and various studies about these topics are examined in the literature. Then, the emerging approaches in social network analysis research, especially in semantic social network analysis, are discussed. Finally, the trending topics and applications for future directions of the research are emphasized; the information on what kind of studies may be realized in this area is given.
Phylogeny and systematics of the Pachychilidae of mainland South-East Asia - novel insights from morphology and mitochondrial DNA (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea)

Pachychilid gastropods are a conspicuous element of the freshwater macro-invertebrate fauna of South-East Asia. In this region, three spatially separated groups of pachychilids can be differentiated mostly by means of their brooding strategy. The largest group comprises about 100 described species and displays an extended Sundaland distribution that ranges from north-east India in the west to southern China in the east and Borneo in the south-east. The most conspicuous synapomorphy shared by females is a subhaemocoelic brood pouch in which developing embryos are retained. Mitochondrial phylogenies based on partial sequences of the genes cytochrome oxidase C subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA (16S) support the monophyly of this group of subhaemocoelic brooders. Amongst them, the two genera Brotia and Paracrostoma form a sister pair of clades both together forming the sister taxon of a third clade. This third clade itself is split into three subclades, which occupy separate ranges except for the overlap of two of them in Borneo. The subclades comprise species from (A) Thailand, Cambodia, and northern Borneo; (B) Java and south-western Borneo; and (C) Vietnam and southern China. In contrast with their spatial structuring, all species share a widely corresponding anatomy. Characteristic key features are a pallial oviduct with a seminal receptacle and an embryonic shell with a smooth, dome-like inflated apex. Differences in the histology of the pallial oviduct are not congruent with phylogenetic patterns as suggested by the mitochondrial trees. Given the lack of obvious distinguishing morphological characteristics, all species of the subclades A to C are assigned to a single genus, Sulcospira, with Adamietta as a junior synonym.
THE ISOLATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF UV SENSITIVE MUTANTS OF Synechococcus PCC7943 (Anacystis nidulans 602)

Abstract–Four mitomycin‐C sensitive, UV sensitive mutants of Synechococcus PCC7943 were isolated. They were capable of host‐cell reactivation and showed enhanced UV survival if held under non‐growth conditions for a recovery period immediately after irradiation. One of the mutants was shown to be deficient in Weigle‐reactivation.
Design and analysis of omnidirectional solar spectrum reflector using one-dimensional photonic crystal

Abstract. A one-dimensional photon crystal structure is proposed to design an omnidirectional broadband reflector. The structural parameters are optimized to reflect complete solar spectrum (0.3 to 2.3 μm) for both TE and TM polarized light. The design analysis is carried out using transfer matrix method. The structure is designed using alternate dielectric–dielectric layers of appropriate refractive indices and layer thicknesses. The proposed structure demonstrates more than 98% reflectivity for the complete wavelength range from 0.3 to 2.3 μm along with 73% emission in 8 to 13 μm, thus showing its potential as a dielectric-based reflector in applications such as daytime passive radiative coolers, and as a heliostat in concentrated solar power.
Numerical simulation of droplet formation in different microfluidic devices

This study aims to assess the droplet formation process in microfluidic devices using an all Mach-number multi-phase flow solver. Harten-Lax-van Leer-Contact (HLLC) Riemann solver is implemented for solving the discretized equations while Tangent of Hyperbola for INterface Capturing (THINC) method is applied to reduce the excessive diffusion of the method at the interface. The multi-block strategy is implemented in the flow solver to improve its capability of simulating flows in more complicated, multi-port droplet formation geometries. First, the computational performance of the numerical solver is validated through simulating the benchmark Rayleigh-Taylor instability problem and the droplet formation in a planar flow-focusing geometry. The comparison of numerical results with available analytical/experimental data indicates a precise prediction of flow features. Then, the droplet generation process in coflowing devices with Newtonian liquid is numerically studied. Finally, the shear-thinning effects of the dispersed and continuous phase on the drop formation characteristics are investigated. It is shown that deviation of the continuous phase from Newtonian behavior has a strong impact on droplet size, speed, and generation rate. On the other hand, assuming the dispersed phase as non-Newtonian does not strongly affect the aforementioned properties of the droplet formation regime.
Genetic analysis of geminiviral DNA from tomato yellow leaf curl diseased tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants from Tanzania

Abstract DNA was extracted from tomato plants showing symptoms of tomato yellow leaf curl disease. Using degenerate primers PAC1v1978 and PAV1c715, a putative viral fragment of ∼1.2 kb was amplified from the extracted DNA. The amplified viral DNA was isolated, cloned into PstI-digested pBluescript KS + plasmid and sequenced. Sequence comparison indicated that the virus causing tomato yellow leaf curl disease in Tanzania was genetically homologous (97% identity in the coat protein) to Tomato leaf curl Tanzania virus. There were no significant differences in DNA sequences among the field isolates from Tanzania.
KARYOTAXONOMICAL STUDIES ON VICIA

The karyotypes of 26 species of Vicia were observed and the relationships of the external morphological character and the karyotypes were discussed. For all species, one pair of satellite chromosomes was observed, and in some species of sec. Euvicia a pair of chromosomes with a secondary constriction was also observed. In almost all the species, some submedian chromosomes were observed, while in the others, the chromosomes were subterminal. The total chromosome length and the shape of satellite chromosome were also characteristic in respective species. From this standpoint, the 26 species were arranged in an order taking into consideration the external morphological characteristics and karyotypes.
Sexual Maturity in Male American Alligators in Southwest Louisiana

Abstract. Very little is known about the attainment of puberty in reptiles. In the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) males are assumed to be sexually mature at about 1.8 m in total length, but it is not clear at what size they produce testosterone, spermatozoa and mate successfully. We re-examined this question by studying plasma testosterone levels in blood samples from a large sample of alligators (∼1,500) collected every month of the year and ranging in size from approximately 61 cm (2 ft) to 360 cm (11.5 ft). Testosterone values ranged from 0.05–115.41 ng/mL. All size classes of alligators exhibited a seasonal cycle in testosterone levels, but the concentrations were size-dependent: the larger the alligator the higher the testosterone. In all size-classes testosterone reached a peak in the breeding season (March–May). Mean testosterone in the largest size-class during breeding was 75 ng/mL whereas in the smallest size-class peak testosterone was less than 3 ng/mL. The smallest size-class (59–89 cm) showed an additional rise in testosterone in late summer. The attainment of sexual maturity in alligators appears to be closely associated with growth and is a gradual process lasting several years. Sexually immature alligators show a seasonal pattern of testosterone secretion similar to that of adults, but the values are significantly lower.
Nature inspired 21 branches sneezewort/Achillea ptarmica plant growth pattern–shaped antenna for Ku‐band applications

This reported paper presents the design and analysis of wideband nature inspired planar antenna of 46 × 18 × 1.6 mm3 size, designed using FR4 (Flame Retardant) substrate. The antenna patch is delineated from the growth pattern of sneezewort plant with supplementary notion of golden ratio in branching and branch width. The total number of branches in each stage follows the Fibonacci series and the branch width is calculated from the golden ratio concept. Starting from one feed line and two branches, the maximum numbers of branches are increased to 20. There has been significant enhancement in the radiation performance of proposed geometry by increasing the number of branches to 21 and by modifying ground with T‐shaped slot. The antenna covers wide impedance bandwidth of 8.2 to 16.5 GHz by possessing stable radiation characteristics.
Occupational Risk Assessment Method for Food Industry

The paper describes a method for assessing occupational risks at food processing facilities in Altai Krai; it defines a risk assessment procedure that takes into account the event probability and the severity of its consequences to be tracked and monitored; the paper also assesses the controls in place and outlines the additional controls that could be of use. The proposed method has been tested at a food processing facility in Altai Krai.
Influence of dietary carbohydrate on blood chemistry, immunity and disease resistance in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

The influence of dietary carbohydrate (CHO) on blood chemistry, immunity and disease resistance was studied in two experiments with Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Moist diets with increasing amounts of digestible CHO ranging from 0 to 30% (dry weight) were used. In the first experiment with adult (0.5 kg) fish, blood haemoglobin concentration was negatively correlated with increasing dietary CHO level, while serum glucose and protein did not differ between the groups. Serum cortisol increased linearly in fish fed from 5 to 30% CHO. Serum haemolytic activity was negatively correlated with dietary levels of CHO. Humoral immune responses elicited after vaccination by intraperitoneal injection or by dip immersion with Vibrio salmonicida showed no differences according to diet 10 and 17 weeks post-vaccination. Mortality after challenge with live Aeromonas salmonicida by intraperitoneal injection was lowest in fish fed 10% CHO. In the second experiment with juvenile Atlantic salmon (3g), there were minor differences in body and organ weights. Plasma glucose, protein and cholesterol were elevated in fish fed the highest CHO levels. Fish exposed to immersion challenge with different water concentrations of Vibrio anguillarum showed no statistical differences in mortality. The studies indicate that varying dietary levels of CHO affected immunity and resistance to bacterial infections to a minor extent in Atlantic salmon at low water temperatures during freshwater and seawater stages.
Rapid Configuration Method for Inspection Object of Substation Inspection Robot Based on Hierarchical Map

This paper mainly focuses on the problem of time-consuming and labor-intensive configuration of existing inspection objects. A rapid configuration method for inspection objects of substation inspection robots based on hierarchical maps is proposed. The method hierarchically characterizes the operating environment of the substation inspection robot, and establishes a hierarchical map including the distribution of obstacles in the substation, the distribution of the passable roads, and the semantics of the primary equipment, so as to realize the setting of the inspection points of the inspection objects on the map. The proposed method has been put into application.