Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fermion pair production at 
e−e+
 linear collider experiments in GUT inspired gauge-Higgs unification

Fermion pair production at e-e+ linear collider experiments with polarized e- and e+ beams is examined in the GUT inspired SO(5)×U(1)×SU(3) gauge-Higgs unification. There arises large parity violation in the couplings of leptons and quarks to Kaluza-Klein (KK) excited neutral vector bosons Z′s, which leads to distinctive polarization dependence in cross sections, forward-backward asymmetries, left-right asymmetries, and left-right forward-backward asymmetries in various processes. Those effects are detectable even for the KK mass scale up to about 15 TeV at future e-e+ linear collider experiments with energies 250 GeV to 1 TeV.
Host race formation and sympatric speciation in Rhagoletis fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae).

In 1866, some 200 years after the introduction of apples to North America, a local newspaper reported that larvae of an unknown fly were infesting apples (Malus pumila) in the Hudson River valley of New York (Illingworth, 1912). Shortly after the maggots were found in apples, Benjamin Walsh (1867) described the fly as Trypeta pomonella (later recognized as Rhagoletis pomonella (Snow, 1894)). Walsh's description was based on specimens reared from apples grown in eastern United States, as well as from hawthorn fruit (Crataegus spp.) gathered in Illinois where, he reported, the fly did not attack apples. Walsh suggested that the flies infesting apples represented a newly established local host race biologically distinct from the flies associated with native hawthorn. He had proposed earlier (Walsh, 1864) that in phytophagous insects a host shift by individuals bearing a heritable change in host preference could give rise to new host races in the absence of geographic isolation. He reasoned that there would be sufficient "phytophagic isolation" (host specificity) to allow the adaptive evolution of new species. Not only was Walsh the first biologist to propose that insects could speciate sympatrically via a host shift, but he also was quite clear
The Application of Fragment-based Approaches to the Discovery of Drugs for Neglected Tropical Diseases

The term neglected tropical disease (NTD) is used to describe a diverse collection of communicable diseases prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, which predominantly affect the poor. The World Health Organization (WHO) currently identifies a set of twenty diseases,† chiefly caused by parasites, bacteria and viruses, as priority NTDs (WHO 2018a). Although these diseases have not attained the notoriety of the “big three” infectious diseases—malaria, tuberculosis and HIV—most are highly debilitating, several cause chronic diseases, and some are lethal. They currently affect more than a billion people in 149 countries (WHO 2018a) and impart a substantial economic and social burden, thereby perpetuating the cycle of poverty and disease. Through implementation of five main strategies (preventative chemotherapy, innovative and intensified disease management, vector ecology and management, veterinary public health services and the provision of safe water, sanitation and hygiene), great strides have been made toward the goals of controlling, eliminating and eradicating NTDs set forth by the WHO in 2012 (WHO 2017). However, in order to meet targets set for 2020 and beyond, it has become evident that new control tools, including drugs, are needed. For some NTDs no safe, affordable and orally active drugs are available, and where they are, alternatives are required for combination therapies and as backups for when efficacy is lost and/or resistance emerges. Despite the high NTD burden, in the period between 2000 and 2011, just 0.6% of new therapeutics were for neglected diseases and none of these were new chemical entities (Pedrique et al. 2013), highlighting the unmet medical need.
Solvent Effects on the Structural, Electronic, Non-Linear Optical and Thermodynamic Properties of Perylene Based on Density Functional Theory

Perylene (C H ) is an important member of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that has a wide applications such as organic photovoltaic cells, field effect transistors and biosensors. Optimized bond lengths and bond angles, HOMO-LUMO energy gap, global chemical indices, total energy, nonlinear optical and thermodynamic properties of Perylene in the gas phase and in solvents (water, chloroform, benzene and acetone) were obtained based on Density Functional Theory with B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) basis set. All the computations were carried out using Gaussian 03 package and revealed that the solvents have an effect on the optimized parameters. It was observed that the bond lengths increase with an increase in the polarity of the solvents, while the bond angles were found to increase as the polarity of the solvents decreases. Perylene molecule was found to have a higher stability in the gas phase with HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 2.9935eV. Original Research Article Sulaiman et al.; JMSRR, 3(3): 1-13, 2019; Article no.JMSRR. 50622 2 The HOMO and HOMO-LUMO energy gap were found to increase with an increase in polarity of the solvents. The molecule was found to be harder and less reactive in the gas phase with chemical hardness of 1.4968eV. The maximum value of ionization potential 5.3227eV and minimum value of electron affinity 2.2757eV were obtained in water and gas phase respectively, as such it is difficult to remove an electron from the molecule in water to form an ion and it is also difficult to add an electron to the molecule in gas phase. The ground state total energy of the molecule was found to increase with an increase in polarity of the solvents. Similarly, the chemical hardness, chemical softness, electronegativity, chemical potential and electrophilicity index were found to increase with an increase in the dielectric constant of the solvents. In the non-linear optical (NLO) properties calculations, it was observed that Perylene is a neutral molecule. It was found that the specific heat capacity of perylene increases with an increase in the polarity of the solvent while the entropy and the zero-point vibrational energy of the molecule decreases as the polarity of the solvent increases. In the non-linear optical properties calculations, it was found that the polarizability (〈α〉) of Perylene increases with decrease in the polarity of the solvents and the anisotropic polarizability (∆α) of Perylene increase with an increase in the polarity of the solvents. In the Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis, high intensive interaction between donor and acceptor electrons of Perylene was observed in chloroform due to to large stabilization energy of 4.49Kcal/mol. The result shows that careful selection of the solvents and basis sets can tune the frontier molecular molecular orbital energy gap.
Using Response-Surface Methodology to Detect Chaos in Ecological Time Series

The performance of Turchin and Taylor's response-surface methodology in characterizing the endogenous dynamics underlying ecological time series is studied for the aphid Phyllaphis fagi. The results are shown to be sensitive to further data from the same population and extra data from a different but comparable population, to the order of the model fitted, and to the functional form of the response-surface model used. We suggest improvements to the estimation procedures and propose some alternative models. We also discuss the possibility of combining data from several populations to overcome the problem of short individual series. Phyllaphis fagi probably has stable, rather than chaotic endogenous dynamics.
Varietal Differences in Plant Regeneration from Solid and Suspension Cultures in Onion (Allium cepa L.)

Seeds of 22 onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars were cultured on solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 50 μM 4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid (4-FPA) and 1 μM N6 (2-isopentenyl) adenine (2iP). Callus formation was observed in all cultivars. Some of the calli in solid culture were transferred into liquid MS medium containing 50 μM 4-FPA and 1 μM 2iP and were cultured in suspension. After subculturing in a liquid medium of 0.2M of sucrose, light yellow and large (LL) type cell clumps were obtained. To investigate the varietal differences in plant regeneration from solid and suspension cultures, the calli in solid culture and LL type clumps in suspension culture were transferred onto solid MS medium containing 1 μM 2iP. Plantlets were regenerated directly from the calli and the LL type clumps. The frequency of plantlet regeneration from suspension cultures tended to be higher than that from solid cultures. Significant differences were observed among the cultivars in the frequencies of plantlet regeneration from solid cultures and from suspension cultures. After suspension culture, 'Kurenai' showed the highest regeneration frequency (98%).
The effect of food on laying date and clutch-size in Tengmalm's Owl Aegolius funereus

The breeding of Tengmalm's Owl Aegolius funereus was studied at Umea, Sweden, during the 1984–85. Mean clutch-size was one egg larger in 1984 than in 1985 despite the later laying in 1984. The difference in clutch-size was related to a better food supply in 1984. Daily weight increase of females during the prelaying period showed a high negative correlation with laying date in 1985, and a high positive correlation with clutch-size independently of laying date in 1984–85. This suggested that food eaten before and during laying had a great and direct influence on both laying date and clutch-size. Many females increased in weight during laying and most others decreased only moderately (relative to egg weight), suggesting that body reserves were not a main source for egg production. Late breeding females were provided with extra food during the prelaying and laying periods in 1985. Fed females weighed more, bred eight days earlier and laid one more egg than controls. At the same laying dates in mid season, and after heavy snow-fall, clutch-size and female weight were larger in the fed birds than in controls, but this was not so near the end of the laying season. Although the earliest of the fed late breeders weighed more, and probably were less restricted by food availability just before or during laying, they did not lay more eggs than did early breeders. This result suggested some limitation on clutch-size that could not be overcome by the supplementary feeding. Weights of females during laying did not show any consistent relationship with clutch-size during successive laying date intervals, suggesting that clutch-size was not directly related to body condition.
Origin and subdivision of Plagiochila (Jungermanniidae: Plagiochilaceae) in tropical Africa based on evidence from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences and morphology

Maximum likelihood analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the chloroplast protein coding gene rps4 were conducted to investigate phylogenetic relationships among species of Plagiochila and to reconstruct the ranges of natural species groups within the genus. Based on the results of the molecular analyses and on morphological evidence, the tropical African species of Plagiochila are assigned to the sections Arrectae, Cucullatae, Hylacoetes, Rutilantes, Vagae, and the new sect. Africanae (P. barteri, P. colorans). With the exception of Africanae, all sections possess intercontinental ranges; their centers of diversity are in the tropics. Clade and species diversity in Africa is lower than in other parts of the tropics and may reflect drought periods of the Pleistocene. Intercontinental ranges at specific level exist between tropical America and Africa whereas similarities between tropical Asia and Africa were only recovered at the sectional level. ITS sequence sets were used to test the monophyly of species with intercontinental ranges and to explore the-development of the Afro-American range of P. boryana. A well supported clade with accessions of P. boryana from Bolivia and Uganda is nested in the robust neotropical Hylacoetes. This topology and the low genetic distance of the different P. boryana accessions provide some evidence for long-range dispersal of P. horyana eastwards across the Atlantic, originating from the Neotropics. An African origin of the Vagae clade which includes neotropical and paleotropical taxa is suggested by the clustering of accessions from the East African Islands at the base of this clade. In addition, the presented data support the hypothesis of several switches from Africa to Asia and vice versa. A derived clade within Vagae includes accessions from the African mainland and the Neotropics. Our results seem to indicate that the extant tropical African Plagiochila flora is a mixture of old elements and rather recent immigrants.
Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Myristica fragrans. in Animal Models

Abstract The effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of fruits of Myristica fragrans. Houtt. (Myristicaceae) was investigated on chlorpromazine-induced glucose and triglyceride elevations in male Swiss albino mice. After 7 days of oral administration, the extract, at doses of 150 and 450 mg/kg, ameliorated the metabolic abnormalities caused by chlorpromazine as evidenced by significant reduction of glucose and triglyceride (TG) levels (maximal effect of 41% and 53% reduction of glucose and TG, respectively, at 450 mg dose, p < 0.01). The standard antidiabetic rosiglitazone at 10 mg significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the TG (63%) and glucose (40%) levels in this model, while the standard antidiabetic glimepiride has exhibited 55% and 16% reduction in TG and glucose, respectively. In rats fed a high-cholesterol diet, Myristica fragrans. extract significantly reduced the elevated TG (47% reduction at 450 mg, p < 0.01) and cholesterol (66.7% reduction at 450 mg, p < 0.01), and also exhibited a reduction in hepatic TG secretion after tyloxapol administration. These data suggest that Myristica fragrans. extract ameliorates hyperglycemia and abnormal lipid metabolism in animal models.
Virulence of Beauveria brongniartii and B. bassiana against Schizonycha affinis white grubs and adults (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Two endemic scarab pests, Schizonycha affinis Boheman and Hypopholis sommeri Burmeister (Coleoptera: Melolonthinae) have increased in prevalence in the sugarcane producing regions of the KwaZulu‐Natal Midlands, South Africa. The crop losses associated with their feeding, the failure of chemical insecticides applied for their control, and the recent discovery of Beauveria brongniartii (Sacc.) Petch (Ascomycota: Cordycipitaceae) epizootics on these pests, have generated interest in the development of a mycoinsecticide targeting adults and larvae of these species. Previous research, using microsatellite markers, identified low levels of genetic diversity among isolates of B. brongniartii collected from two field sites where epizootics occurred. The virulence of 21 of these closely related B. brongniartii isolates and two isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin was evaluated. Bioassays were conducted against adults and larvae of S. affinis, and adult Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) as a surrogate test insect. The closely related B. brongniartii isolates varied significantly in their virulence towards both S. affinis (50.1–95% mortality) and T. molitor (39–74% mortality), with a number of these not highly virulent against either of these insect species. Those isolates sharing a haplotype did not vary in virulence. Adults of S. affinis were more susceptible than larvae to isolates of B. brongniartii. The median lethal concentration (LC50) required to kill half the adult S. affinis test insects was 7.65 × 106 conidia per millilitre. Schizonycha affinis second instar larvae had a median survival time of 17.5 days when exposed to some B. brongniartii isolates; however, third instars survived significantly longer with a median of 21 days. Third instars exposed to the highest concentration of B. brongniartii isolate HHWG1 survived for a median time of 15 days. Bioassays supported the finding that genetically closely related isolates may vary in their virulence, even if they were obtained from the same field epizootics.
Impacts of dense crab populations on carbon exchanges across the surface of a salt marsh

Laboratory mesocosm experiments were conducted to quantify the effects of 2 crab species, Sesarma catenata and Cleistostoma edwardsii, on carbon exchanges across the surface of a south temperate salt marsh. The grapsoid crab S. catenata was most abundant in the vegetated marsh flats, and the ocypodoid C. edwardsii In the unvegetated tidal creek. Replicate mesocosms of the marsh flats and tidal creek were incubated with and without crabs of the species dominant in that reglon. Both species enhanced the losses of carbon relative to uptake by the marsh, but they did so vla different mechanisms. In the tidal creek. C. edwardsii increased the net fluxes of total organic carbon (TOC) by 60 % (or 448 mg C m-' d-l) , but had no significant impact on community net production (NP). (Bioturbation accounted for 95 %of the enhanced TOC fluxes, and excretion only 5 X). In the marsh flats, S. catenata had no measurable impact on the fluxes of TOC, but decreased community NP by 1132 mg C m-' d-l (Ninety-two percent of this reduction was caused through reduction in epibenthic NP through crab grazlng of mlcroalgae. Crab respiration accounted for only 8 % of the reduction). The crab effects were sufficient to determine whether, for a tide of a particular tlde elevation, the marsh functioned as a carbon source or sink. When crabs were absent, the marsh functioned as a carbon sink at all except the very hlghest tides that, in turn, accounted for only 3 %of all tides inundating the marsh. When crabs were present, the marsh functioned as a carbon source at 87 %, and all except the very lowest tides.
Phase-Related Developmental Characteristics of Antennal Sensilla of Nymphal Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a Serious Virus-Transmitting Insect Vector of Graminaceous Crops

ABSTRACT The immature development of the antennal sensilla borne by the first—fifth instar nymphal Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) were studied using scanning electron microscopy. Sensillar types of nymphs did not vary, but the distribution pattern of sensilla gradually changed during the postembryonic development. Seven types of antennal sensilla were found on the antennae of each of the first—fifth instars. One Böhm bristle and one sensillum campaniformium I on the scape, one Böhm bristle and one sensillum campaniformium II on the pedicel, and one sensillum coeloconicum and three sensilla basiconica on the swollen flagellar base (main body) remain constant during development. The numbers of sensilla chaetica on the scape and pedicel and the numbers of sensilla trichodea, sensilla placodea, and sensilla basiconica on the pedicel gradually increased from the youngest to the oldest instars. In contrast, sensilla trichodea, which occurred on the swollen flagellar base of the first instar nymph, disappeared after the first molt, and one sensillum placodeum on the swollen flagellar base of the first instar nymph gradually degraded during development and finally disappeared after the third molt. The length and width of antennae increased during the development, except for the flagellar main body, which presented negative growth in its width after the first molt. The development of antennae seems according with the need for bearing sensilla.
Role of Carboxyl Groups in the Secondary Structure and Function of Sturgeon Gonadotropin

Role of Carboxyl Groups in the Secondary Structure and Function of Sturgeon Gonadotropin Free negatively charged carboxyl groups were selectively modified (neutralised) in sturgeon (Acipenser güldenstädti Br.) gonadotropic hormone (GTH) α and β subunits. Eleven free carboxyl groups, three in the α and eight in the β subunit, were neutralised by reaction with glycine ethyl ester. Investigation of reassociated α-β dimers (recombinants) comprising one or both modified subunits showed that specific hormonal activity was completely lost while immunoreactivity was lowered in comparison with that of the standard α-β dimer. CD-spectroscopy of the modified subunits did not indicate any considerable changes in their spatial structure. A conclusion was made that free COOH groups of GTH were important as bearers of the negative charge necessary for the hormone activity on the level of the hormone-specific membrane receptors. Karboksilgrupu Loma Storu Gonadotropīna Otrējā Struktūrā UN Funkcijā Brīvās negatīvi uzlādētās karboksilgrupas tika selektīvi ķīmiski modificētas (neitralizētas) storu gonadotropā hormona α un β subvienībās. Vienpadsmit brīvās karboksilgrupas, trīs α un astoñas β subvienībā, tika modificētas ar glicīna etilēsteri karbodiimīda klātbūtnē. Reasociētie α-β dimēri (rekombinanti), kas saturēja vienu vai abas modificētās subvienības, neuzrādīja specifisko hormonālo aktivitāti, kamēr to imūnreaktivitāte bija jūtami pazemināta salīdzinājumā ar standartsubvienību rekombinantu (kontroli). CD spektroskopijas pētījumi parādīja, ka modifikācija nerada būtiskas izmaiñas atsevišķu subvienību otrējā struktūrā. Secināts, ka brīvās karboksilgrupas kā negatīvā lādiña nesējas ir nepieciešamas hormona aktivitātei un tām ir svarīga loma hormona funkcijā membrānreceptoru līmenī.
Diagnostic allozymes for routine identification of adults of the Anopheles gambiae complex (Diptera, Culicidae)

Natural populations of four species of the Anopheles gambiae complex occurring in southern Africa were sampled and individuals identified using ovarian polytene chromosomes (19 species A, 190 species B, 140 species C and 54 A. merus Don.). The genotypes of these same insects were scored for three loci coding for non-specific esterases, and one locus coding for tetrazolium oxidase, after electrophoresis. There is no intra-specific variation at the tetrazolium oxidase locus; species A, B and C share a common allozyme and A. merus is unique. The relative gene frequencies for the 16 allozymes of the three esterase loci for each species give a minimum probability of correct identification of 0·9533 under the worst conditions of sampling, i.e . , where samples consist of equal mixtures of species. In practice, resort to such probabilities is necessary only in the discrimination between species A and C. This system of identification is superior to the chromosome method because all adults, whether male or female, and at whatever stage of the gono-tropic cycle, are identifiable.
Effects of age, cohort and individual on breeding performance in the Lapwing Vanellus vanellus

The breeding performance of individually colour-ringed Lapwings Vanellus vanellus was studied on marginal grassland in Upper Teesdale, County Durham (UK), from 1992 to 1995. Contrary to many studies of birds, female age had only a minor effect on breeding performance: yearling females produced eggs on average 5% smaller than those of adults. In contrast, the average productivity of male Lapwings was estimated to increase by around 40% between one and two years of age, and by a further 10% between two and three years of age. This was because of a 40% increase in the proportion of males that bred between one and two years of age, and of an increase in mating success with age coupled with a higher breeding success for polygynous males. The likelihood of breeding for male Lapwings was affected by year of hatching. More than half of those males that hatched in 1990, and which were present in both 1993 and 1994, did not breed. It was suggested that this was due to environmental effects experienced by these males as chicks, resulting in reduced success in securing a breeding territory later in life. Individual female Lapwings showed a high degree of consistency between years in both laying date and egg size, and those that raised up to two young in 1993 raised approximately the same number in 1994. However, females producing more than two young in 1993 raised significantly fewer in 1994, perhaps suggesting a cost of reproduction.