Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endogenous Grotc ? th : Empirical Approaches Marginal income tax rates and economic growth in developing countries *

One of the central predictions of growth theory, old and new, is that income taxes have a negative effect on the pace of economic expansion. In the Cass-Koopmans version of the neoclassical model and in the Lucas (1988) model. a higher income tax rate reduces the steady-state ratio of physical capital to effective labor and leads to a temporary decline in the rate of growth. In the ‘lab-equipment model’ of Rivera-Batiz and Romer (1991) and in the models of Jones and Manuelli (1990) and Rebel0 (1991), increases in income taxes lead to permanent declines in the rate of economic expansion. ’ While the study of the effects of taxation in growth models continues to be an extremely active research area, there is little empirical work on this topic. This scarcity of empirical work is due to the difficulties involved in measuring the relevant marginal tax rates. In this paper we experiment with a method of obtaining average marginal income tax rates that combines information on statutory rates with the amount of tax revenue collected and with data on income distribution. We apply this method to the countries included in Scat and Virmani’s (1988) summary of statutory income tax rates for 1984. The Scat-Virmani data set . includes fifty developing countries and three industrialized economies: the
Effect of flaxseed consumption on blood pressure Flaxseed consumption moderately improves blood pressure : a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials

1 Background: High blood pressure is a significant health burden positively associated with the 2 risk of cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases. Flaxseed is a rich dietary source of 3 α-linolenic acid, lignans, and fiber, with a number of positive health benefits on blood 4 pressure. 5 Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to clarify the effect of flaxseed 6 consumption on blood pressure, using meta-analysis of controlled trials. Further the influence 7 of different baseline blood pressure, type of supplementation, or duration of intervention on 8 the effect on flaxseed on blood pressure is explored. 9 Method: PubMed (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, 10 and Cochrane Library (Central) were searched through July 2014 for papers where humans 11 supplemented their habitual diet with flaxseed or its extracts (i.e. oil and lignans, fiber) for 2 12 or more weeks. 13 Results: A total of 11 studies (14 trials) were included in analysis. Random effects meta14 analyses were conducted for the mean difference in blood pressure. Results indicated that 15 flaxseed supplementation significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (-1.77 mmHg, 95 % 16 confidence interval (CI): -3.45 to -0.09; p = 0.04) and diastolic blood pressure (-1.58 mmHg, 17 95 % CI: -2.64 to -0.52; p = 0.003). These results did not significantly influenced by baseline 18 higher blood pressure of participants (≥ 130 mm Hg). A significant reduction in diastolic 19 blood pressure was observed in subgroup analysis of consuming whole flaxseed, and duration 20 of consumption ≥ 12 weeks. The present meta-analysis suggests a modest reduction in blood 21 pressure of consuming flaxseed. The blood pressure improving potential of flaxseed may be 22 greater when it is consumed as a whole seed and for duration of more than 12 weeks. 23 Conclusion: The present meta-analysis suggests that flaxseed may be used as a potential 24 dietary constituent or supplement to improve blood pressure. 25
Practical Implications of Using Challenge-Based Acquisition to Acquire Capabilities for Large Software Systems

Federal agencies are seeking new ways to innovate, procure and enhance enterprise capabilities. Competitions are one tool that these agencies can use to drive innovation and solve mission-centric problems—whether technical, scientific, or creative. In this paper we present our experience in using challenge-base acquisition on a large Department of Defense software system. We describe the process, scenarios, technologies and criteria for success used during the acquisition. We then discuss results and highlight some lessons learned throughout the process.
Ray Meddis: a model scientist

Ray was a scientist in the classical sense: a creative intellect who sought the truth. He was also someone who had a profound impact on the career of many hearing scientists. Ray believed that to understand hearing it was necessary to replicate its behavior in a computer model. His first major contribution in hearing was the "Meddis Haircell", and a series of papers exploring the adaptation of firing rate in auditory nerve fibers. These were accompanied by models of stream segregation, of pitch, of the segregation of concurrent vowels, numerous models of the processing of sound by neurons in the auditory brainstem, and a non-linear model of the basilar membrane. In later years, Ray became increasingly interested in hearing loss, and the role of the olivocochlear system. Technology also deserves a special mention: Ray's models were implemented in silicon, evaluated using automatic speech recognition, and even inspired a smart-phone based hearing aid. Ray lives on in his work, but also his colleagues: those of us that learnt from him, worked with him, disagreed with (yes! ), were influenced by his work, and shared his passion for models of the auditory system.
Learning Non-Parametric Invariances from Data with Permanent Random Connectomes

One of the fundamental problems in supervised classification and in machine learning in general, is the modelling of non-parametric invariances that exist in data. Most prior art has focused on enforcing priors in the form of invariances to parametric nuisance transformations that are expected to be present in data. Learning non-parametric invariances directly from data remains an important open problem. In this paper, we introduce a new architectural layer for convolutional networks which is capable of learning general invariances from data itself. This layer can learn invariance to non-parametric transformations and interestingly, motivates and incorporates permanent random connectomes, thereby being called Permanent Random Connectome Non-Parametric Transformation Networks (PRC-NPTN). PRC-NPTN networks are initialized with random connections (not just weights) which are a small subset of the connections in a fully connected convolution layer. Importantly, these connections in PRC-NPTNs once initialized remain permanent throughout training and testing. Permanent random connectomes make these architectures loosely more biologically plausible than many other mainstream network architectures which require highly ordered structures. We motivate randomly initialized connections as a simple method to learn invariance from data itself while invoking invariance towards multiple nuisance transformations simultaneously. We find that these randomly initialized permanent connections have positive effects on generalization, outperform much larger ConvNet baselines and the recently proposed Non-Parametric Transformation Network (NPTN) on benchmarks that enforce learning invariances from the data itself.
SQuAD: Integrating PCE and Non-PCE approaches

Dataset Over 150,000 examples from 23,215 Wikipedia paragraphs in the following format: P: . Bismarck was aware that public opinion had started to demand colonies for reasons of German prestige. He was influenced by Hamburg merchants and traders, his neighbors at Friedrichsruh. The establishment of the German colonial empire proceeded smoothly, starting with German New Guinea in 1884. Q: Colonies were a sign of what amongst European countries? Answerable: TRUE A: prestige Legend: P (paragraph); Q (question); A (answer) Results
Cancer ultérieur chez les survivants d'un premier cancer : incidence et impact sur la survie

Les objectifs de cette these etaient d’etudier les tendances du risque de second cancer primitif (SPC) selon l’annee de diagnostic d’un premier cancer des voies aero-digestives superieures (VADS) dans le Bas-Rhin, de produire les premieres estimations de l’incidence des SPC a l’echelle nationale en France et d’estimer la survie des patients atteints d’un cancer des VADS selon la presence d’antecedents de cancer. Ce travail a montre que : 1) L’exces de risque de SPC des VADS et de l’œsophage a diminue de 53% entre 1975 et 2006 dans le Bas-Rhin, mais que le risque de SPC du poumon est reste stable ; 2) Le risque de SPC en France est augmente de 36% chez les patients atteints de cancer par rapport a la population generale ; 3) La survie des hommes atteints d’un cancer des VADS etait fortement associee a la presence d’antecedents de cancer. Des perspectives se degagent de ce travail en termes de recherche epidemiologique, de recherche clinique et de politiques de sante publique.
Effects of Chinese Medicinal Herb on Growth and Immunization of Laying Chicks

In order to evaluate effects of Chinese medicinal herb (CMH) on growth and immunization of laying male chicks,eleven CMHs were used in this study,which are Astragalus membranacens (AM),Schisandra chinensis (SC),Ligustrum Lucidum(LL), Codonopsis, Scutellaria baicalensis (SB),Atractylodes macrocephala(AMA),Haw,Ginger,Acanthopanax scenticosns (AS),Angelica and Lycium, added to basal diet as 1%,respectively,with the basal diet supplemented with 50 mg*kg-1 bacitracin zinc(BZ) as the control.The body weight (BW) of birds were recorded at 1,21 and 42 days after birth,individually.The birds were vaccinated 0.50 mL against Newcastle disease (ND) with La sota vaccinel (containing mineral oil as adjuvant) by I.m. inoculation at 21 d of age.All of birds was vaccinated with F48E9 NDV by I.m. inoculation at 49 day of age.Blood samples were taken via wing vein from each bird on the day receiving the vaccination (Day-1) and on 14,21,28,30 and 34 d after vaccination (Days 14,21,28,30 and 34). Results showed that bodyweight (BW) and bodyweight gain(BWG) of the trial groups are similar to the control group.No significant differences of relative weight (RW) of bursa and spleen were observed among trial groups except for AS (P＜0.05). Serum antibody titers of SC,LL,Codonopsis,SB,AMA and Lycium groups were significantly increased (P＜0.05) in contrast to these control group on day-21 or 28 after immunized ND La sota vaccinel,which suggested that SC,LL,Codonopsis,SB,AMA and Lycium could augment antibody formulation.Furthermore,Compared with the control,antibody titers in SC,Codonopsis,AS,Lycium,SB and AMA group were higher (P＜0.05) after vaccinated with F48E9 NDV,which suggested that SC,Codonopsis,AS,Lycium,SB and AMA have activity of antivirus.In conclusion,CMH used in the present study have similar effect on BW and BWG of chicks compared with the control.Moreover,these eleven CMH have little influence on RW of immunized organ except AS.However,SC,Codonopsis,LL,Lycium,SB and AMA could augment antibody formulation. Furthermore, SC, Cod
Aalborg Universitet Who needs neighbors ? PKS 8 is a Stand-Alone Gene in Fusarium graminearum responsible for production of Gibepyrones and Prolipyrone

Genome sequencing of the genus Fusarium has revealed a great capacity for discovery of new natural products of potential economical and therapeutic importance. Several of these are unknown. In this study, we investigated the product of the PKS8 gene in Fusarium graminearum, which was recently linked to gibepyrones in F. fujikuroi. Genomic analyses showed that PKS8 constitutes a stand-alone gene in F. graminearum and related species. Overexpression of PKS8 resulted in production of gibepyrones A, B, D, G and prolipyrone B, which could not be detected in the wild type strain. Our results suggest that PKS8 produces the entry compound gibepyrone A, which is subsequently oxidized by one or several non-clustering cytochrome P450 monooxygenases ending with prolipyrone B.
GENDER CLASSIFICATION FROM FACIAL IMAGES USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE

The face is a biometric feature of a person. This biometric feature encourages researchers to model it. This unique features modeled and applied in many objects. One of them is used to classified the gender of someone like done in this research. There were four main step, consist of pre-processing using a histogram of equalization, face detection using LBP Haar cascade classifier to get face region, feature extraction, and classification. This extraction used to obtain an unique information named features. The method to get the features named Histogram of Gradient (HOG). After setting the parameters in extraction method we will get many features named HOG features. Meanwhile, The last step is classification using Support Vector Machine (SVM) classify gender form facial images. SVM was chosen because it’s one of classification method that robust in classify two group of data. The type of the kernel that used in this research is the linear kernel. This kernel has an advantage in the robustness to classify the big features. Implementation result show that the best achieved when HOG parameters (cell size = 20x20 pixels, block size = 5x5 pixels, block stride = 5x5 pixels, bin = 5 or 7) and SVM parameters (C=1, epsilon = 1e-6 dan iteration = 10.000). The accuracy of this proposed method is 92%.
A citation analysis of Serbian Dental Journal using Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar

Introduction. For a long time, The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI, now Thomson Scientific, Philadelphia, US) citation databases, available online through the Web of Science (WoS), had an unique position among bibliographic databases. The emergence of new citation databases, such as Scopus and Google Scholar (GS), call in question the dominance of WoS and the accuracy of bibliometric and citation studies exclusively based on WoS data. The aim of this study was to determine whether there were significant differences in the received citation counts for Serbian Dental Journal (SDJ) found in WoS and Scopus databases, or whether GS results differed significantly from those obtained by WoS and Scopus, and whether GS could be an adequate qualitative alternative for commercial databases in the impact assessment of this journal. Material and Methods. The data regarding SDJ citation was collected in September 2010 by searching WoS, Scopus and GS databases. For further analysis, all relevant data of both, cited and citing articles, were imported into Microsoft Access® database. Results. One hundred and fifty-eight cited papers from SDJ and 249 received citations were found in the three analyzed databases. 74% of cited articles were found in GS, 46% in Scopus and 44% in WoS. The greatest number of citations (189) was derived from GS, while only 15% of the citations, were found in all three databases. There was a significant difference in the percentage of unique citations found in the databases. 58% originated from GS, while Scopus and WoS gave 6% and 4% unique citations, respectively. The highest percentage of databases overlap was found between WoS and Scopus (70%), while the overlap between Scopus and GS was 18% only. In case of WoS and GS the overlap was 17%. Most of the SDJ citations came from original scientific articles. Conclusion. WoS, Scopus and GS produce quantitatively and qualitatively different citation counts for SDJ articles. None of the examined databases can provide a comprehensive picture and it is necessary to take into account all three available sources.
The Effect of Auditing Quality Characteristics on Accounting Conservatism:The Case of Egypt

ةقبطم ةسا رد :يبساحملا ظفحتلا ىلع ةعجا رملا ةدوج صئاصخ ريثأت ةيرصملا لامعلاا ةئيب ىلع صخلم ثحبلا ظ الا فحاة اايب لا تال تل نا لا ا ةتاسلا تتاسا ردلا ترهظأ اااا ااااا حة اااا ااااا ه هم عيتاااا ل ااااا ا رملا عد اااا نةااااست ملا اااسا ردل اا ةلا ا اا بدااهح تاال فاام وااايب لا اال ااايب لا اا باااه فااام احرااا ملا تااام نا اااايحة نااالا تاااه حة تاااه ب اااي هل لاا م فا ر د داا م ااا ا رملا لاا م جاا فحااة ااايب لا اااسا رد ظ اااالا ااااسم وااااا ا رملا اااااحهم عد اااا ل سححتاااا م ااااا ا رملا فام اا م م رحريا تالإ الاتضلإتة واحلتملا رحرت لا نلا نةست ملا ا راا لتة ااا تهلا ااما لا ظ االا ااسم تااه ااا ا رملا اا م ا ر لا ج ( تهة – ااحلتملا اا لاا رلا اةسل – تاه ال ااح ةرلا احراا ملا ااا ر ةلا ناالا عدااح ملا اااحلتملا رااحم تت راا لا فاام ااالح عر لا به 7002 7002 فام ااسا ردلا تتالتحة باحم جا دي . تتلتحة عد تي ف حإ زر ح ر ف سم ت ردا نا لا تت ت لانا رادا لنا احه تاه دتام نا جا داي واحرا ملا اا ر ةلا اايح جااا فأ تااالإ ااا ةلا ااا داااي . ااااسا ردلا . رااالا رتاااة ها نااالا ااااسم تااااه رحرياااا لا ناااالا تحااااسحير ا ر د لاااا هح ااااا ا رملا لاااا م لاااا م جاااا اااااحةت حإ ااااايب داااا ااااح ونةااااست ملا ظ اااالا ملا ظ االا اسم ااحلتملا ااا لاا رلا اةاسل اا ا رملا ناالا ونةاست ظ ااالا ااسم ا راا لا اااح ةر فحاااة احااس ااايب داا فحاا تحيتا ا ااح ل م ايب د ن رها اه فم وتهة نةست ملا ااااااسم ااااااا ا رملا لاااااا م فا ر د داااااا م ا راااااا لا جاااااا فحااااااة . ظ لا Abstract
The Lacunae of Danish Natural Language Processing

Danish is a North Germanic language spoken principally in Denmark, a country with a long tradition of technological and scientific innovation. However, the language has received relatively little attention from a technological perspective. In this paper, we review Natural Language Processing (NLP) research, digital resources and tools which have been developed for Danish. We find that availability of models and tools is limited, which calls for work that lifts Danish NLP a step closer to the privileged languages. Dansk abstrakt: Dansk er et nordgermansk sprog, talt primært i kongeriget Danmark, et land med stærk tradition for teknologisk og videnskabelig innovation. Det danske sprog har imidlertid været genstand for relativt begrænset opmærksomhed, teknologisk set. I denne artikel gennemgår vi sprogteknologi-forskning, -ressourcer og -værktøjer udviklet for dansk. Vi konkluderer at der eksisterer et fåtal af modeller og værktøjer, hvilket indbyder til forskning som løfter dansk sprogteknologi i niveau med mere priviligerede sprog.
RESPONSE OF WHEAT PLANTS TO COMBINATIONS OF HERBICIDES WITH INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES

The combination of herbicides and other pesticides can influence weed and crop management. This study aimed to evaluate the response of the combination of different herbicides with insecticides or fungicides of different chemical groups on the development and yield of wheat grains of the cultivar ORS Vintecinco. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The experiment consisted of 33 treatments, as follows: control without application and application of the herbicides 2,4-D (1,005 g a.e. ha-1), bentazon (756 g a.i. ha-1), metsulfuron-methyl (3 g a.i. ha-1), and pyroxsulam (16 g a.i. ha-1), isolated or combined with the insecticides chlorfluazuron (15 g a.i. ha-1), chlorpyrifos (720 g a.i. ha-1), deltamethrin (5 g a.i. ha-1), and methomyl (5 g a.i. ha-1) or with the fungicides azoxystrobin (100 g a.i. ha-1), carbendazim (250 g a.i. ha-1), and propiconazole (190 g a.i. ha-1). Relative tolerance (RT), shoot dry matter (SDM), yield components, and grain yield were evaluated. In general, pyroxsulam had the highest number of synergistic interactions with insecticides and fungicides, reducing RT and SDM, especially the combination pyroxsulam + chlorpyrifos due to a lower RT level (45%) and higher SDM reduction (52%). All combinations of herbicides with the insecticide chlorpyrifos and most of the combinations with the fungicide propiconazole led to a reduction of grain yield when compared to their isolated application or to control without application.
Cornea Quantitative Regional Differences in Corneal Endothelial Abnormalities in the Central and Peripheral Zones in Fuchs ’ Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy

Citation: Fujimoto H, Maeda N, Soma T, et al. Quantitative regional differences in corneal endothelial abnormalities in the central and peripheral zones in Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55:5090–5098. DOI:10.1167/ iovs.14-14249 PURPOSE. To quantitate the regional corneal differences in endothelial abnormalities in Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy at multiple sites, including the peripheral zone.
Analysis of water and nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat grown under mildly dry conditions

Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) in crops of winter wheat is of interest in Poland, due to their significant share in the sown area. The aim of this study was, therefore, to determine the relationships between grain (Yd) and N yields (Yn), NUE, Water Use Efficiency (WUE) depending on N rates (F) and actual potential evapotranspiration (APET). The study used the results of field experiments, conducted in the years 2003–2013 in two locations in Poland. In the experiments, wheat was fertilized with doses of 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 kg N/ha under the fertilization with P, K, Mg and Ca. It was found that the dose range of 80 ± 40 kg N/ha allowed to obtain Yd of 5.34 ± 1.43 t/ha and NUE values of 116 ± 17%, which brought the risk of soil N mining. Increasing N doses (160 ± 40 kg/ha) increased Yd (6.08 ± 0.71 t/ha) and allowed for obtaining the desired values of NUE (73 ± 5%), Yn (119 ± 18 kg/ha) and N surplus (43 ± 13 kg/ha). The performed statistical analysis showed that Yd, Yn and WUE had grown with increasing doses of N under the influence of water shortages in the range of APET less than 398 mm. Under these conditions positive interaction between Yd, Yn, WUE depending on F and APET has been demonstrated. Only for a dose of 200 kg N/ha were found negative interactions between Yd, WUE on F and APET. NUE decreased with increasing N doses. The relationship between NUE and WUE was positive but specific for N doses due to the statistically significant interaction of F×WUE. The maximum value of WUE obtained in the experiments was 26 kg grain/ha/mm. In the absence of limiting factors WUE increased linearly together with growing NUE up to the value of 93.9% and then linearly decreased. In the range of the desired NUE values (50–90%), WUE values were between 16,4–23,5 kg grain/ha/mm.
HERITAGE RECOGNITION IN HISTORICAL FILM FOOTAGE USING NEURAL NETWORKS

Researching historical archives for material suitable for photogrammetry is essential for the documentation and 3D reconstruction of Cultural Heritage, especially when this heritage has been lost or transformed over time. This research presents an innovative workflow which combines the photogrammetric procedure with Machine Learning for the processing of historical film footage. A Neural Network is trained to automatically detect frames in which architectural heritage appears. These frames are subsequently processed using photogrammetry and finally the resulting model is assessed for metric quality. This paper proposes best practises in training and validation on a Cultural Heritage asset. The algorithm was tested through a case study of the Tour Saint Jacques in Paris for which an entirely new dataset was created. The findings are encouraging both in terms of saving human effort and of improvement of the photogrammetric survey pipeline. This new tool can help researchers to better manage and organize historical information. * Corresponding author
Young Women Stroke Survivors and Their Desire for Peer Support

The concerns of young stroke survivors are not well known. The aim of this paper is to draw on data from a larger study to show that young women who survived a hemorrhagic stroke desire access to peer support, but there is not widespread access to peer support. Open-ended interviews were conducted with an international sample of 28 women to learn about their poststroke experiences and were analyzed qualitatively for common issues and themes. A prominent theme across the interviews was the significance of age-similar peer support. Participants discussed feeling alone and misunderstood and wanting to have access to peer support. In conclusion, peer support may help to enhance psychological well-being, but the survivor’s own understanding of her peers must be centrally considered.