Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cooling Techniques For Hyperthermia

Hyperthermia is defined as a body temperature greater than 40 C. Several conditions can cause hyperthermia. In sepsis, the immunologic reaction to the infection most often manifests as a fever. Some toxic ingestions and withdrawal states can cause elevated body temperature. Certain medication reactions can also cause hyperthermia, such as in neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The most common disease that can be treated by cooling alone is heat-related illness and heat stroke.Heat-related illness is a spectrum of disease that occurs when the body's thermoregulatory system fails. Elevated core body temperature associated with orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and tachypnea characterize heat exhaustion. Heat stroke is defined as elevated core body temperature plus central nervous system involvement (delirium, decreased the level of consciousness, or ataxia). Heat-related illness most often affects athletes (exertional hyperthermia), but can also occur during the warm weather months or in locations with extreme temperatures. Patients with impaired thermoregulation such as those at extremes of age, the obese or mentally ill are at higher risk. The definitive treatment for heat-related illness is total body cooling.Conduction and evaporation are the two modes of cooling employed in the treatment of heat-related illness. Studies have shown ice-water immersion to be the most rapidly effective. However, there are obvious barriers to performing this in an emergency department. Marathons and other athletic events that see frequent heat-related illness sometimes have this capability. Evaporation (mist and fan) is the second most rapid way to cool a patient. Ice packs to the groin, axilla, neck, and areas near other great vessels have been shown to be less effective. Cooled intravenous fluids have been studied, but there is no clear consensus on their benefit (preservation of neurologic function) versus potential harm (induced shivering), but they may be considered. This activity will discuss the procedure for performing evaporative cooling with other adjunct methods in the emergency department. Of note, there are commercially available products designed for cooling; these range from invasive cooling catheters to non-invasive adhesive pads that circulate chilled water. These devices were designed for targeted hypothermia post-cardiac arrest. However, they can be used for heat-related illness when available. There is limited literature comparing these devices to the traditional methods.The priority in heat-related illness is early recognition and intervention. Military and sports literature has identified 40 C as the target, and the faster the target is achieved, the lower the patient mortality.
From Data to Stochastic Modeling and Decision Making: What Can We Do Better?

In the past decades we have witnessed a paradigm-shift from scarcity of data to abundance of data. Big data and data analytics have fundamentally reshaped many areas including operations research. In this paper, we discuss how to integrate data with the model-based analysis in a controlled way. Specifically, we consider techniques to quantify input uncertainty and the decision making under input uncertainty. Numerical experiments demonstrate that different ways in decision making may lead to significantly different outcomes in a maintenance problem.
Scenario of Vegetation Density for an Erosion Prediction Model

The aim of this study is to create a scenario for investigating the factors that affect the vegetation density and to design the formulation of vegetation density as one of the factors on the revised universal soil loss equation. The methodology consists of 1) measuring vegetation density in 10 watersheds/sub-watersheds by using satellite imagery and field observation; 2) studying the factors that influence vegetation density based on literature review; 3) determining the dominant factors that influence vegetation density based on statistical analysis; 4) formulating vegetation density based on the statistical analysis results; and 5) validating the formulation of vegetation density using the universal soil loss equation as the control. The result is expected to allow for prediction of the effect of reforestation on decreasing soil erosion.
Complete plastome genome of Pergularia tomentosa L. (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae)

Abstract Pergularia tomentosa is a medicinal plant mainly found in Saudi Arabia, northern and southern Africa. In this study, we present the sequence of the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of P. tomentosa in order to evaluate the evolutionary relationship in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae. The cp is 164,213 bp in lengh with 37.3% GC content, inverted repeat (IR) regions of 21,411 bp each, a large single-copy (LSC) region of 80,102 bp, and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 17,022 bp. It constitutes of 89 protien-coding genes, 44 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic relationship showed close relationship between P. tomentosa and other Asclepiadeae members with Marsedineae subtribe. The study will help for future research on evolutionary studies of Apoceanaceae.
HMF in multicomponent reactions : Efficient routes towards novel fine chemicals

Recently, the production of chemicals, either bulk or fine chemicals, from renewable biomass has attracted growing interests due to the dwindling reserve of fossil resources and the increasing awareness of environmental concerns. Some chemicals with a structure able to generate a number of derivatives, and able to be directly produced from biomass, are referred to as bio-based “platform chemicals”, and constitute the bridge between biomass and down-stream chemicals. Among these chemicals, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), bearing an aldehyde group, a hydroxymethyl group, and a furan moiety, is the most popular one. However, its limited stability obstructs its applications in organic synthesis. Thus, developing mild and efficient synthetic routes towards existing or novel fine chemicals from HMF is still a challenging task. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are powerful synthetic tools allowing the straightforward formation of elaborated molecules from simple starting materials in a time- and step-saving manner. Among MCRs, many involve the aldehyde as one of the reactive components, making HMF as a potential interesting substrate in such strategies. This thesis aims at exploring the use of HMF in MCRs to provide novel fine chemicals, focusing on two reactions, namely the Biginelli and Kabachnik-Fields reactions. The Biginelli reaction is a condensation of an aldehyde, a dicarbonyl compound and urea. Although it is an old reaction, it is still showing thriving vitality, as many of its products, namely dihydropyrimidinones, exhibit various biological properties. We have investigated the reaction by choosing proper conditions to adapt to HMF, notably with respect to acidic conditions. The best conditions found for the reaction are the use of ZnCl2 as a mild Lewis acid catalyst without any solvent, giving access to new dihydropyrimidinones in modest to good yields. The Kabachnik-Fields reaction is a one-pot condensation of aldehydes, amines and dialkyl phosphites, and is considered as the most efficient and convenient approach to a-aminophosphonates. For the specific case of HMF, we could establish that the best conditions were the use of iodine as a catalyst in the bio-based solvent 2-MeTHF and room or moderately elevated temperature. Using these optimized conditions, a wide range of HMF-based a-aminophosphonates were prepared in modest to excellent yields. The hydroxymethyl group persisting in HMF-based a-aminophosphonates offers the possibilities of further modification and derivatization, illustrating the benefit of HMF as compared to furfural, for accessing a wider scope of chemical structures.
Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on self-criticism and feeling of shame in methamphetamine users

ABSTRACT Background: This study was to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on self-criticism and feeling of shame in methamphetamine users. Methods: The statistical population of this study included all male methamphetamine users who referred to Talash Residential Treatment Center for Harm Reduction in Ghalehshoor, Isfahan, from whom 38 users were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental (n = 18) and control (n = 20) groups. The experimental group received eight sessions of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy twice a week while the control group received no treatment. The data were collected using Levels of Self-Criticism Scale and Internalized Shame Scale and analyzed using covariance analysis. Results: The results showed that this intervention significantly reduced the feeling of shame, but it exerted no significant effect on the participants’ self-criticism. Conclusions: Through Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, it would be possible to reduce the feeling of shame which is one of the reasons for the persistent substance use in methamphetamine users.
Linear Trend Application on the Estimated Age of Distribution Transformer Based on the Load Growth and Environmental Temperature

This research aimed to find the age loss of distribution transformer based on the load growth and ambient temperature to predict the remaining age of the transformer. This research used the remaining estimation age calculation based on load growth that was predicted using the linear trend analysis. The distribution transformer in this research was the BO043 200 kVA, installed in 2012, and was operated in Bolo Feeder, Woha District, Bima Regency. The results showed that the BO043 transformer was operating at the average ambient temperature of 28℃ with the optimum loading threshold of 92.77% from its power rating. The transformer would experience age reduction if the load given were above that value. The calculation results showed that the BO043 transformer had the estimated remaining age of 4 years from the standard 23 years with the 2019 load prediction of 83.39% and up to 115.94% load prediction in 2022.
Expanding the role of research evidence in family planning policy program and practice decision-making.

This paper and the larger synthesis are based on a literature search whose objective was to locate references on evidence-based policy in health or social science knowledge transfer translation or utilization for health or social science programs evidence collected from “intervention studies” in family planning programs and “implementation science” for family planning and reproductive health. The literature search included databases individual websites and reviews of bibliographies. The search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE Web of Science and POPLINE in addition to snowballing references from bibliographies. References were limited to 2000-2014 in the database searches; snowballing of materials goes back to the 1990s and in some cases earlier in order to capture earlier literature on research utilization in family planning and seminal writing on research utilization. This paper focuses on the emerging knowledge translation literature to provide lessons learned on ways to increase the role that evidence plays in decision-making for family planning and reproductive health policies programs and practices. It is part of a larger synthesis of the literature that explores what “evidence” means what types of evidence policymakers program managers and implementers seek when facing implementation decisions and how evidence relates to other factors that influence decision-making.
Intruder Localization and Tracking Using Two Pyroelectric Infrared Sensors

In this paper, we introduce a method to estimate the range of an intruder and track its trajectory by utilizing the received signal strength of the heat flux for pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensors. To this end, we first develop a mathematical model of the received heat flux signal strength and the corresponding PIR signal for a moving intruder. The algorithm uses only two PIR sensors and the geometry of the field of views (FOVs) to perform the estimation and tracking process without any knowledge of the intruder’s parameters. The tracking algorithm shows remarkable performance in estimating the intruder’s parameters. The intruder heat flux was accurately estimated even at large separation distances as was the intruder path angle. Finally, the intruder’s location was also very accurately estimated with sub-meter error for large separation distances.
Preliminary Analysis of Organic Wireless Positioning System in an Indoor Environment

The massive deployment of wireless infrastructure especially in the trending 4th Industrial Revolution (IR4.0) has opened the opportunity for wireless-based positioning and localization. The works on wireless positioning system revolves on two techniques, the geometrical technique employing either triangulation or trilateration, and mapping technique employing signal fingerprint method. The later is more favoured since the accuracy was superior to geometrical technique. However, the signal fingerprint method required enormous efforts in order to record and stored the signal fingerprint. This paper investigates the new approach in constructing the signal fingerprint using organic approach. The signal is recorded using the developed apps, and then the user sends the signal data into the cloud. The organic fingerprinting data were compared to the conventional fingerprinting. The preliminary results show promising accuracy in the experimented indoor environment.
Approach to Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease (Interstitial Lung Disease) for the Hospitalist

Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD, historically known as interstitial lung diseases) are a heterogeneous group of diseases that are uncommon and grouped together for their similarity in one or more clinical, radiological, and pathological findings. There is no universally acceptable classification system yet for such a varied group of diseases and hence impossible to have one unified diagnostic pathway. Diagnostic work up requires that the clinician have an initial list of differential diagnoses based on a thorough history and clinical evaluation. For acutely progressive diseases such as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, urgent evaluation is necessary so that appropriate therapy can be quickly instituted; whereas, for the chronic progressive diseases like idiopathic interstitial pneumonia most of the evaluation can be done in the ambulatory setting. The decision for bronchoscopy and surgical lung biopsy should be individualized by incorporating informed decision making due to large variations in practice patterns among clinicians. Below is a brief summary of the most likely diseases to be encountered in hospital medicine practice.
Ultrawideband Low-Profile Transmitarray With Vivaldi Array Feed

A transmitarray antenna (TAA) with a small-scale phased array antenna (PAA) feed is proposed in this communication. After modeling the PAA-fed TAAs and constructing the cost functions, a three-step optimization process is introduced to determine the TAA element arrangement as well as the PAA feed excitation coefficients. Then, a novel ultrawideband TAA element is proposed, which has a pair of connected sheep-horn metallic patterns in the middle layer sandwiched by two metallic orthogonal grid polarizers on the upper and bottom layers. Furthermore, traditional Vivaldi antenna element is identified as the element of a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4 \times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-element PAA feed array (central <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> active elements), which is employed to illuminate a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$25\times 25$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-element circular TAA with a focus-to-diameter (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F/D)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ratio of mere 0.43. The simulated results show that stable radiation patterns with good main beam shapes and reasonable sidelobe levels are obtained in the interested frequency band. The measured results agree reasonably well with the simulated ones, validating the feasibility of our method to design an ultrawideband low-profile PAA-fed TAA.
Deep learning versus Object-based Image Analysis (OBIA) in weed mapping of UAV imagery

ABSTRACT Rice is the most important food crop in the world, which is meaningful to ensure the quality and quantity of rice production. During the plantation process, weeds are the key factor to influence the rice yields. In recent years, the chemical control becomes the most widely used means to control the weed infestation because of its advantage in pesticide effects and efficiency. However, excessive use of herbicides has caused negative effects on the rice quality as well as the environment. An accurate weed cover map can provide support information for specific site weed management (SSWM) applications, which may well address the problem of traditional chemical controls. In this work, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery was captured on four different dates over two different rice fields. Object-based image analysis (OBIA) and deep learning approaches were applied to the weed mapping task of the UAV imagery. For the OBIA methods, the multiresolution segmentation and an improved k-means method were applied to segment the imagery into different objects; the colour and texture features were extracted and concatenated into a feature vector; back propagation (BP) neural network, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest were used for classification. After careful hyperparameter optimization and model selection, it was proven that the OBIA method achieved the accuracy of 66.6% mean intersection over union (MIU) on the testing set, and the inference speed is 2343.5 ms for an image sample. For the deep learning approach, the fully convolutional network (FCN) was applied for the pixel-wise classification task; transfer learning was used, and four pretrained convolutional neural networks (AlexNet, VGGNet, GoogLeNet, and ResNet) were transferred to our dataset via fine-tuning technique. Traditional skip architecture and fully connected conditional random fields (CRF) were used to improve the spatial details of FCN; after that, this work proposed to use a partially connected CRF as post processing, which may significantly accelerate the inference speed of fully connected CRF. Besides one single improvement method, hybrid improvement methods were applied and tested. Experimental results showed that the VGGNet-based FCN achieved the highest accuracy; for the improvement methods, the skip architecture and newly proposed partially connected CRF effectively improved the accuracy, and the hybrid improvement method (skip architecture and partially connected CRF) further improved the performance. The hybrid improvement method achieved 80.2% MIU on the testing set, and the inference speed for an image sample is 326.8 ms. The experimental results of this work demonstrated that the UAV remote-sensing utilizing deep learning method can provide reliable support information for SSWM applications in rice fields.
A consistency improving method in the analytic hierarchy process based on directed circuit analysis

: Test of consistency is critical for the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology. When a pairwise comparison matrix (PCM) fails the consistency test, the decision maker (DM) needs to make revisions. The state of the art focuses on changing a single entry or creating a new matrix based on the original inconsistent matrix so that the modi ﬁ ed matrix can satisfy the consistency requirement. However, we have noticed that the reason that causes inconsistency is not only numerical inconsistency, but also logical inconsistency, which may play a more important role in the whole inconsistency. Therefore, to realize satisfactory consistency, ﬁ rst of all, we should change some entries that form a directed circuit to make the matrix logically consistent, and then adjust other entries within acceptable deviations to make the matrix numerically consistent while preserving most of the original comparison information. In this paper, we ﬁ rstly present some de ﬁ nitions and theories, based on which two effective methods are provided to identify directed circuits. Four optimization models are proposed to adjust the original inconsistent matrix. Finally, illustrative examples and comparison studies show the effectiveness and feasibility of our method.
Comparison of Long‐Term Lightning Activity and Inner Radiation Belt Electron Flux Perturbations

Lightning discharges are known to inject whistler waves into the inner magnetosphere over a wide region around their source. When a discharge occurs, it radiates electromagnetic energy into the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide, some of which couples into the whistler mode and propagates through the ionospheric plasma away from the Earth. Previous studies have discussed the effects of whistler‐induced electron precipitation and radiation belt losses associated with lightning. However, to date, there has been no research on the long‐term effects of this accumulated impact. Here, we use data from the World Wide Lightning Location Network, which has continuously monitored global lightning activity since 2004, to obtain 1 year of lightning data and categorized them into L‐shell ranges, hemispheres, and magnetic local times. We then use Van Allen Probe's Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma Suite from both satellites (RBSP‐A/B) to measure particle fluxes in the inner belts under the same criteria. We compare these two quantities by calculating the correlation coefficients between selected electron energy channels, including pitch angle distribution, and lightning activity under different conditions. Although we found a weak to moderate relationship between lightning activity and electron flux perturbations, the correlation was not as strong as expected from theoretical predictions. Variations in electron fluxes related to substorm activity were of the same order of magnitude as that from lightning activity, even at low L shells.
Improved Memetic Algorithm for Multi-depot Multi-objective Capacitated Arc Routing Problem

The capacitated arc routing problem (CARP) is a challenging vehicle routing problem with numerous real-world applications. In this paper, an extended version of CARP, the multi-depot multi-objective capacitated arc routing problem (MDMOCARP) is proposed to tackle practical requirements. Firstly, the critical edge decision mechanism and the critical edge random allocation mechanism are proposed to optimize edges between depots. Secondly, a novel adaptive probability of local search with fitness is proposed to improve the Decomposition-Based Memetic Algorithm for Multi-Objective CARP (D-MAENS). Compared with the D-MAENS algorithm, experimental results on MD-CARP instances show that the improved memetic algorithm (IMA) has performed significantly better than D-MAENS on convergence and diversity in the metric IGD and the metric HV.
Evaluation and implementation of the STA R Max® hemostaseology analyzer in the central laboratory of a major hospital

Abstract Due to a change of provider at Zentrum für Diagnostik at Klinikum Chemnitz a comprehensive validation of the STA R Max® analyser from Stago was undertaken. Alongside intra-assay and inter-assay determinations, a broad range of comparative measurements using pooled patient plasma were also carried out against the previous routine method (BCS XP from Siemens). Results obtained from routine and emergency sample testing are presented in this publication. Good to very good results were observed which allowed for a swift switchover in systems. Furthermore, user friendliness, reagents, turnaround times (TAT) and general susceptibilities of the new system were evaluated. After various adaptations to the diagnostic process, the transition to routine operation successfully took place.