Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Tall Fescue Epichloë Endophytes on Rhizosphere Soil Microbiome

Tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire) often forms a symbiotic relationship with fungal endophytes (Epichloë coenophiala), which provides increased plant performance and greater tolerance to environmental stress compared to endophyte-free tall fescue. Whether this enhanced performance of tall fescue exclusively results from the grass–fungus symbiosis, or this symbiosis additionally results in the recruitment of soil microbes in the rhizosphere that in turn promote plant growth, remain a question. We investigated the soil bacterial and fungal community composition in iron-rich soil in the southeastern USA, and possible community shifts in soil microbial populations based on endophyte infection in tall fescue by analyzing the 16s rRNA gene and ITS specific region. Our data revealed that plant-available phosphorus (P) was significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by endophyte infection in tall fescue. While the prominent soil bacterial phyla were similar, a clear fungal community shift was observed between endophyte-infected (E+) and endophyte-free (E−) tall fescue soil at the phylum level. Moreover, compared to E− soil, E+ soil showed a greater fungal diversity at the genus level. Our results, thus, indicate a possible three-way interaction between tall fescue, fungal endophyte, and soil fungal communities resulting in improved tall fescue performance.
Micro Risks and Pareto Improving Policies with Low Interest Rates

We provide sufficient conditions for the feasibility of a Pareto-improving fiscal policy when the risk-free interest rate on government bonds is below the growth rate. We do so in the class of incomplete markets models pioneered by Bewley-Huggett-Aiyagari, but we allow for an arbitrary amount of ex ante heterogeneity in terms of preferences and income risk. We consider both the case of dynamic inefficiency as well as the more plausible case of dynamic efficiency. The key condition is that seigniorage revenue raised by government bonds exceeds the increase in the interest rate times the initial capital stock. The Pareto improving fiscal policies weakly expand every agent’s budget set at every point in time. The policies improve risk sharing and potentially guide the economy to a more efficient level of capital. In simulations, we find that the government must rely on moderate levels of debt issuance along the transition to the new steady state.
Gene expression responses to thermal shifts in the endangered lichen Lobaria pulmonaria

Anthropogenic climate change has led to unprecedented shifts in temperature across many ecosystems. In a context of rapid environmental changes, acclimation is an important process as it may influence the capacity of organisms to survive under novel thermal conditions. Mechanisms of acclimation could involve upregulation of stress response genes involved in protein folding, DNA damage repair and the regulation of signal transduction genes, along with a simultaneous downregulation of genes involved in growth or the cell cycle, in order to maintain cellular functions and equilibria. We transplanted Lobaria pulmonaria lichens originating from different forests to determine the relative effects of long‐term acclimation and genetic factors on the variability in expression of mycobiont and photobiont genes. We found a strong response of the mycobiont and photobiont to high temperatures, regardless of sample origin. The green‐algal photobiont had an overall lower response than the mycobiont. Gene expression of both symbionts was also influenced by acclimation to transplantation sites and by genetic factors. L. pulmonaria seems to have evolved powerful molecular pathways to deal with environmental fluctuations and stress and can acclimate to new habitats by transcriptomic convergence. Although L. pulmonaria has the molecular machinery to counteract short‐term thermal stress, survival of lichens such as L. pulmonaria depends mostly on their long‐term positive carbon balance, which can be compromised by higher temperatures and reduced precipitation, and both these outcomes have been predicted for Central Europe in connection with global climate change.
Biodiversity and Management Status of Charia beel in Northern Bangladesh

Purpose: The aim is to study the condition of aquatic species in the Charia beel. A good management technique is developed for protecting biodiversity and productions of the beel in order to ensure food security. Subjects and Methods: Primary data was developed by a semi-structured questionnaires and primary data was collected by field observation which comprised of selected area of the beel basin, survey of different fishing methods, conducted a series of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), applying Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) and Key Informant Interview (KII). Secondary data were collected from the Department of Fisheries (DoF), comprehensive literature review and internet sites. The code of IUCN was followed to categorize the status of the beel and to compare the trend among different years Shannon index was followed. Results: A total number of 91 species (83 wild fishes, four prawns, one crab, one snail, and four species of turtles) belonging to 65 genera were identified from the Charia beel. About 10 types of operative fishing gear and craft were found in the river. The increasing rate of using current jal (20.50-30.50%) and Kapuri jal (14.60-18.00%) were identified as detrimental gear used to kill the different species during four years. A common increasing trend of using current jaal, Kapuri jaal (seine net) and FAD (Fish aggregating device) were identified as detrimental gear killing different species between 2016 and 2019. The fish productivity decreased dramatically from 184.52± 55.04 to 141.65± 57.66 mt within four years and the total production percentage (%) also sharply decreased from 8.88% mt to 23.23% over the same period. Conclusion: Commercially important 06 aquatic species namely Sarpunti (Puntius sarana), Napit (Badis badis), Gajar (Channa marulius) and Turtles (Kachuga tecta,Morenia petersi and Lissemys punctata) were regional extinct, 18 commercially important aquatic species were at the edge of extinction (critically endangered, CR), 35 species endangered (EN), 23 species vulnerable status (VU), five species were identified as lower risk (LR) and only four species of the river were not threatened (NT) in position between 2016 and 2019 in the this beel.
CHANGING BELIEF OF PRE-SERVICE ENGLISH TEACHERS DURING TEACHING PRACTICUM

This study investigated the changing belief of pre-service English teachers during they did teaching practicum. It was one of subjects in teacher education programs. Belief of pre-service English teachers played significant role as it could influence their classroom practices and teaching outcomes. The methodology of research used in this study was qualitative case study. It involved twenty pre-service English teachers from English Department. They were put in twelve schools which located in four towns in Banten Province. This study employed questionnaire and reflective journal as instruments for collecting data. The questionnaire itself was distributed before and after teaching practicum, while reflective journal was filled by twenty pre-service English teachers during teaching practicum.The results of this study revealed that the changing of teachers’ belief varied among participants. The changing belief of pre-service English teachers covered three themes, which consists of (1) learners (2) learning and (3) teaching, before and after they did teaching practicum. Dealing with the first theme, changing belief on learners, pre-service English teachers experienced more on their emotion specifically on their confident as well as patient. In addition, the second theme, changing belief on learning, it occurred more on pre-service English teachers’ awareness that the classroom reality helped them to test their knowledge and it made them more aware of their personal beliefs about learning. Moreover, the last theme, changing belief on teaching, it took place when pre-service teachers had been exposed to teaching English in real contexts EFL classroom.
An Open Source Platform for the Complete Life Cycle of AI and ML

-Machine learning is used in enterprise systems for automation, but it can be difficult to integrate many machine learning dependencies and utilities, due to the absence of a common architecture. In certain cases, machine learning frameworks are advanced for systems that are struggling for particular business area usage cases, resulting in redundant effort and incredible reuse. Acumos is a free and open-source framework. Acumos can conveniently bundle machine learning models into scalable containerized microservices that can be shared through the platform's catalogue and implemented into a range of business applications. Via Acumos app, providing a case study of packaging sentiment analysis and classification machine learning models, enabling allocation with others. We show that when adapting machine learning models to business applications, the Acumos framework reduces the technological burden on application developers.
Effects of Task-Based Language Teaching on Speaking Skills (Kesan Pengajaran Berasaskan Tugasan Terhadap Kemahiran Bertutur)

Task-based language teaching (TBLT) has been widely researched and used in the teaching of languages since the 1980s. The objective of this study is to explore the effectiveness of TBLT in the teaching of speaking skills for primary school students in Singapore. Although this group of students are the native speakers of the Malay language, however, they are not only unable to speak the language fluently, but also have limited vocabulary. This study uses a quasi-experiment pre-post-test design for non-equivalent groups to determine whether there are any significant differences in the pre and post test scores for fluency, vocabulary, and language structure used among the treatment group. The score obtained is then compared with the control group which uses the conventional approach. The findings show that there are significant differences between the pre-test score and post-test score for the treatment group. There is no significant difference in the scores achieved by the control group. Hence, it is concluded that TBLT can be used to teach speaking skills to learners who need exposure to use the language. In general, the findings can be used by Malay teachers to add value to the teaching and learning of the Malay language in Singapore. Key Word: Speaking skills; Task-based language teaching, Mother tongue; Fluency; Vocabulary; English language learning Pengajaran dan pembelajaran berasaskan tugasan (PPBT) merupakan salah satu kaedah yang sering dikaji dan digunakan untuk mengajar kemahiran dan pengetahuan bahasa sejak 1980-an. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka keberkesanan kaedah ini untuk mengajar kemahiran bertutur bagi murid sekolah rendah yang mengambil bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa ibunda di Singapura. Murid-murid in adalah penutur natif bahasa Melayu, namun tidak fasih dan tidak mempunyai kosa kata yang mencukupi untuk bertutur bahasa Melayu. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kuasi eksperimen ujian pra-pasca bagi kumpulan tidak seimbang untuk melihat sama ada terdapat perbezaan signifikan antara skor ujian pra dan ujian pasca bagi kumpulan rawatan yang menggunakan PPBT jika dibandingkan dengan kumpulan kawalan yang menggunakan pendekatan konvensional. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi kelancaran, penggunaan kosa kata dan struktur bahasa antara ujian pra dan ujian pasca dalam kalangan kumpulan rawatan. Manakala tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan antara skor ujian pra dan ujian pasca bagi aspek kelancaran, kosa kata dan bahasa yang digunakan oleh kumpulan kawalan. Secara kesimpulan, kaedah PPBT boleh digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemahiran bertutur bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan murid yang belajar sebagai bahasa ibunda mereka. Dapatan kajian ini boleh digunakan oleh guru-guru Bahasa Melayu untuk menambah nilai pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa Melayu di Singapura. Kata Kunci: Kemahiran bertutur, Pengajaran berasaskan tugasan, Bahasa ibunda; Kelancaran; Kosa kata; Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggeris
The Role of Planetary-scale Eddies on the Recent Isentropic Slope Trend during Boreal Winter

According to baroclinic adjustment theory, the isentropic slope maintains its marginal state for baroclinic instability. However, the recent trend of Arctic warming raises the possibility that there could have been a systematic change in the extratropical isentropic slope. In this study, global reanalysis data is used to investigate this possibility. The result shows that tropospheric isentropes north of 50°N have been flattening significantly for the recent 25-yr winters. This trend pattern fluctuates at intraseasonal time scales. An examination of the temporal evolution indicates that it is the planetary-scale (zonal wavenumber 1-3) eddy heat fluxes, not the synoptic-scale eddy heat fluxes, that flatten the isentropes; synoptic-scale eddy heat fluxes instead respond to the subsequent changes in isentropic slope. This extratropical planetary scale wave growth is preceded by an enhanced zonal asymmetry of tropical heating and poleward wave activity vectors.A numerical model is used to test if the observed latent heating can generate the observed isentropic slope anomalies. The result shows that the tropical heating indeed contributes to the isentropic slope trend. The agreement between the model solution and the observation improves substantially if extratropical latent heating is also included in the forcing. The model temperature response shows a pattern resembling the warm-Arctic-cold-continent pattern. From these results, it is concluded that the recent flattening trend of isentropic slope north of 50°N is mostly caused by planetary scale eddy activities generated from latent heating, and that this change is accompanied by a warm-Arctic-cold-continent pattern that permeates the entire troposphere.
Automate Quality Prediction in an End-of-Line Test of a Highly Variant Production of Geared Motors – Discussion of a Full Concept

In the production of complex and modular mechanical components such as geared motors the diversity of variants is rising continuously. At the same time the requirement for good sound quality of the product is increasing. In a batch-size-one production it is hard for the assembly operator to determine the product quality consistent. Automation of the end-of-line test leads to several problems. Classical vibration and sound measurements take a lot of time and the features have to be defined individually for every single product configuration. This paper presents a full concept for automation or semi-automation of the end-of-line test in a highly variant production of geared motors. It is shown how acoustic measurement can be done in a common industrial production and gives an overview of typically used machine learning methods and their features for quality prediction of geared motors. Further a concept for dealing with the lack of labeled examples is addressed to analyze historically unknown product configurations. Finally it is discussed how to structure classifiers to capture of all known and unknown faults. The end-of-line concept is a basic module for industry 4.0 and can be generalized to all modern industrial productions where batch-size-one and a high diversity of variants are typical.
Diversity of Essential Oils and the Respective Hydrolates Obtained from Three Pinus cembra Populations in the Austrian Alps

Pinus cembra, stone pine, is an Alpine coniferous tree rich in aromatic compounds. Twigs with needles are used commonly to produce essential oils for various purposes in pharmacy, food industry, and cosmetics. Hydrolates as byproducts of hydrodistillation encounter increasing interest owing to their aromatic properties. The variabilities in the compositions of essential oil and the related hydrolates are studied in samples from individual trees growing on three sites in the Austrian high mountain range. The essential oils have been obtained by steam distillation. All essential oils contained monoterpene hydrocarbons as main compounds, especially α-pinene (36–37%), β-phellandrene (27–30%), and β-pinene (7–9%). In contrast, the volatiles in the corresponding hydrolates were dominated by oxidized compounds as α-terpineol (28–34%), terpinen-4-ol (6–8%), and verbenone (6–7%). The pinene rich essential oils might be used in pharmacy as pinene containing oils from other Pinus species, while the hydrolates are of interest for cosmetics and other well-being promoting products.
Compliant Human–Robot Collaboration with Accurate Path-Tracking Ability for a Robot Manipulator

In this article, we aim to achieve manual guidance of a robot manipulator to perform tasks that require strict path following and would benefit from collaboration with a human to guide the motion. The robot can be used as a tool to increase the accuracy of a human operator while remaining compliant with the human instructions. We propose a dual-loop control structure where the outer admittance control loop allows the robot to be compliant along a path considering the projection of the external force to the tangential-normal-binormal (TNB) frame associated with the path. The inner motion control loop is designed based on a modified sliding mode control (SMC) law. We evaluate the system behavior to forces applied from different directions to the end-effector of a 6-DOF industrial robot in a linear motion test. Next, a second test using a 3D path as a tracking task is conducted, where we specify three interaction types: free motion (FM), force-applied motion (FAM), and combined motion with virtual forces (CVF). Results show that the difference of root mean square error (RMSE) among the cases is less than 0.1 mm, which proves the feasibility of applying this method for various path-tracking applications in compliant human–robot collaboration.
The impact of a relationship-building strategy on teachers’ perceptions of preschooler behavior: a 2 X 10 approach

ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of the 2 × 10 relationship-building strategy (consisting of a two-minute conversation with a child once a day for 10 days). Participants were four preschool teachers and eight preschool children from a university-based lab school. Teachers completed pre- and post-intervention scales (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and Student Teacher Relationship Scale) as well as journal entries for each interaction and six follow-up questions. Results showed a statistically significant change in teachers’ closeness to their students and a decrease in difficult behaviors that was not statistically significant. Additionally, teacher perceptions were positive regarding the development of relationships using this brief intervention.
Janus Membranes via Diffusion‐Controlled Atomic Layer Deposition

The first use of atomic layer deposition (ALD) to produce Janus membranes is reported, with an example system consisting of a compositional gradient ranging from hydrophilic Al2O3 on one face to hydrophobic poly(propylene) on the opposite face. Alternating pulses of trimethyl aluminum and water vapor lead to the growth of covalently bonded Al2O3 conforming to the membrane pore surfaces. Precise control of ALD parameters significantly affects the surface wetting of the modified membrane face and the depth of Al2O3 infiltration into the porosity. This depth control derives from slow precursor diffusion through the 200 nm membrane pores compared to much faster ALD surface reactions. For a given precursor exposure and purge time, increasing the number of ALD cycles decreases the water contact angle at the modified surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, until the water droplet is completely imbibed by the membrane. To demonstrate the utility of these Janus membranes, a hydrophilic/superaerophobic Janus treatment is shown to greatly reduce the size of air bubbles generated through the membrane, enabling faster mixing. This technique represents the first application of vapor‐deposited covalently bonded metal oxides to form Janus membranes. Further opportunities are afforded by the ability to laterally pattern Al2O3 across the membrane surface via physical masking.
Sorbent Properties of Halide-Free Ionic Liquids for Water and CO2 Perfusion

Aqueous solutions of lithium halides are state-of-the-art sorbents in sorption-based heat pump and heat storage devices, with the drawbacks of high corrosivity and limited natural resources of lithium. Halide-free ILs could be well-suited alternative sorbents and have been explored with isothermal titration calorimetry showing superior thermochemical performance. Here, we have explored the performance of selected halide-free ILs in perfusion measurements monitoring the uptake of water vapor and CO2 from an air stream with well-defined flow and humidity as a model for open sorption processes. We have determined the saturation vapor pressure of water in the corresponding water–IL mixtures and moreover determined the diffusion coefficients of molecular species in binary [EMIM][Ac]–water mixtures via pulsed-field-gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG NMR) measurements. These, together with variation of the absorption rates with calorimetric monitoring, indicate that diffusion is approximately 3 orders of m.
Photochemistry of single particles using acoustic levitation coupled with Raman microspectrometry

The photoreactivity of single particles with atmospheric interest was studied by using an acoustic levitation system coupled to Raman microspectrometry. Both, inorganic and organic single particle phototransformation has been investigated without any surface contact. The Raman microspectrometry has suitably provided the identification, the chemical heterogeneity as well as the formation rates of products. Complex surface limited processes are demonstrated for photolysis of both nitrate-rich and sulfur-rich droplets. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) by Diopatra claparedii Grube, 1878 (Polychaeta: Onuphidae) and Its Antibacterial Activity

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have gained attention as it possesses outstanding physicochemical properties, and utilised in variety of applications especially in biomedical and pharmaceutical. Majorly, AuNPs are produced by conventional methods (chemical and physical). However, these methods bring several drawbacks such as toxic, hazardous, low yield and non-environmental friendly. Hence, biosynthesis of AuNPs that compliance with ‘greener’ approach becomes vitals. In this study, marine tube worm of Diopatra claparedii (polychaetes) was employed as reducing agent in the biosynthesis of AuNPs. The biosynthesised of AuNPs by D. claparedii extract was successfully prepared under ambient temperature and normal atmospheric conditions. The formation of AuNPS was confirmed by the appearance of surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) bands around 540 to 560 nm characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the AuNPs are mostly in agglomerated spherical like shapes with size ranging from 100 to 400 nm. Meanwhile, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the particles are in the size range from 25 to 60 nm, also mainly form in spherical like shape. The particle size of AuNPs in a range of 50-100 nm was showed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of D. claparedii extract indicated the existence of several functional groups. Biosynthesised AuNPs also successfully gave inhibition on bacterial growth (Staphyloccus aureus, S. epidermidis, Escheratia coli, Salmonella typhi) through antibacterial assessment.