Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Usability of Food Size Aids in Mobile Dietary Reporting Apps for Young Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Young adults are more likely to use self-managed dietary reporting apps. However, there is scant research examining the user experience of different measurement approaches for mobile dietary reporting apps when dealing with a wide variety of food shapes and container sizes. Objective Field user experience testing was conducted under actual meal conditions to assess the accuracy, efficiency, and subjective reaction of three food portion measurement methods embedded in a developed mobile app. Key-in–based aid (KBA), commonly used in many current apps, relies on the user’s ability to key in volumes or weights. Photo-based aid (PBA) extends traditional assessment methods, allowing users to scroll, observe, and select a reduced-size image from a set of options. Gesture-based aid (GBA) is a new experimental approach in which the user makes finger movements on the screen to roughly describe food portion boundaries accompanied by a background reference. Methods A group of 124 young adults aged 19 to 26 years was recruited for a head-to-head randomized comparison and divided into 3 groups: a KBA (n=42) control group and PBA (n=41) and GBA (n=41) experimental groups. In total, 3 meals (ie, breakfast, lunch, and dinner) were served in a university cafeteria. Participants were provided with 25 dishes and beverages for selection, with a variety of food shapes and containers that reflect everyday life conditions. The accuracy of and time spent on realistic interaction during food portion estimation and the subjective reaction of each aid were recorded and analyzed. Results Participants in the KBA group provided the highest accuracy in terms of hash brown weight (P=.004) and outperformed PBA or GBA for many soft drinks in cups. PBA had the best results for a cylindrical hot dog (P<.001), irregularly shaped pork chop (P<.001), and green tea beverage (660 mL; P<.001). GBA outperformed PBA for most drinks, and GBA outperformed KBA for some vegetables. The GBA group spent significantly more time assessing food items than the KBA and PBA groups. For each aid, the overall subjective reaction based on the score of the System Usability Scale was not significantly different. Conclusions Experimental results show that each aid had some distinguishing advantages. In terms of user acceptance, participants considered all 3 aids to be usable. Furthermore, users’ subjective opinions regarding measurement accuracy contradicted the empirical findings. Future work will consider the use of each aid based on food or container shape and integrate the various advantages of the 3 different aids for better results. Our findings on the use of portion size aids are based on realistic and diverse food items, providing a useful reference for future app improvement of an effective, evidence-based, and acceptable feature. Trial Registration International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Registry ISRCTN36710750; http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN36710750.
Sosialisasi Peranan Profesi Aktuaris pada Industri Asuransi dan Asuransi untuk Kehidupan kepada Masyarakat Cikarang

Actuarial science study program is a new study program in Indonesia. Recently many universities in Indonesia have opened the study program. Currently, Indonesia needs more actuary, this is one of the reasons for the existence of the actuarial science study program in Indonesia. However, many Indonesians do not know about the actuary and actuarial science field. Besides that, most Indonesians have not realized the importance of insurance for our life. The socialization about actuary and insurance is one of the ways to introduce actuary and increase the insurance awareness to the people in Indonesia, especially in Cikarang. This event went by distributing pamphlet and giving a short explanation to the respondent about actuary, insurance, and the relationship between them.
Causes and consequences of genomic instability in prostatic carcinogenesis.

The evolution of prostate cancer from normal epithelium via the preneoplastic lesion of highgrade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia to invasive carcinoma is characterised by a number of particular genomic abnormalities that are predominantly generated in the preneoplastic phase. Whilst there are numerous candidates for the cause of these alterations, telomere dysfunction is thought to be a major contributor. Telomeres are the terminal ends of human chromosomes, and when dysfunctional can lead to break-fusion-bridge cycles and multi-polar mitoses that generate numerical and structural chromosomal instability. The results presented reinforce the association of telomere dysfunction with the generation of certain markers of genomic instability such as abnormalities of the arms of chromosome 8. Furthermore, this work clarifies that the TMPRSSS2-ERG aberrations are not telomere related phenomena and are associated with a genomic deletion in a proportion of cases. Similarly, the PTEN microdeletions did not appear to have an association with telomere attrition. A previously unrecognised association between the telomere length in various types of prostatic epithelia and iii adjacent stroma is defined, suggesting evidence of a micro-environmental field effect in the generation of prostatic neoplasia. Finally, when examined retrospectively, it appears that telomere attrition, both in the HPIN epithelium and the stroma has independent prognostic value in the diagnosis of prostate cancer after a previous diagnosis of HPIN. Taken together, the research presented suggests important avenues for further research to determine the nature of barriers to the evolution of prostatic carcinogenesis such as oncogeneand telomere-induced senescence that may be exploited for therapeutic gain. These understandings may also help tailor management for prostate cancer such as risk stratification for men with HPIN and the use of targeted agents such as AKT inhibitors and telomerase inhibitors. In more advanced disease, translational application of this work has enabled a clinical trial of cytarabine in the treatment of metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer.
Laplacian Denoising Autoencoder

While deep neural networks have been shown to perform remarkably well in many machine learning tasks, labeling a large amount of ground truth data for supervised training is usually very costly to scale. Therefore, learning robust representations with unlabeled data is critical in relieving human effort and vital for many downstream tasks. Recent advances in unsupervised and self-supervised learning approaches for visual data have benefited greatly from domain knowledge. Here we are interested in a more generic unsupervised learning framework that can be easily generalized to other domains. In this paper, we propose to learn data representations with a novel type of denoising autoencoder, where the noisy input data is generated by corrupting latent clean data in the gradient domain. This can be naturally generalized to span multiple scales with a Laplacian pyramid representation of the input data. In this way, the agent learns more robust representations that exploit the underlying data structures across multiple scales. Experiments on several visual benchmarks demonstrate that better representations can be learned with the proposed approach, compared to its counterpart with single-scale corruption and other approaches. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that the learned representations perform well when transferring to other downstream vision tasks.
Functional electrical stimulation effect on upper limb tremor

We report on the preliminary results of the functional electrical stimulation (FES) suppression of upper limb tremor in 3 neurological patients (diagnosis: essential tremor, Parkinson's disease, paraneoplastic cerebellar syndrome). Patients exhibited combinations of rest, postural and kinetic tremor. The following upper limb muscles were stimulated: flexor radialis carpi, extensor radialis carpi, biceps and triceps. The range of intensities of stimulation was 8-36 mAmp. A clear reduction was found in the patient with essential tremor who was refractory to conventional medications. FES might represent a viable therapy in selected patients.
A Power Transformer Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Hierarchical Classification and Ensemble Learning

Since conventional machine learning methods often result in low diagnostic accuracy and non-negligible recognition difference among fault types with imbalanced class distribution among transformer fault types, a multi-level hierarchical power transformer fault diagnostic model is proposed based on hierarchical classification and ensemble learning, where classifiers are hierarchically constructed for level-by-level diagnosis according to the imbalance extent on each level. The Level I neural network classifier extracts 3 generalized feature labels of normal, discharge fault and thermal fault for feature fusion with original data input, to guide classification among 9 detailed operation status under DL/T 722-2014 standard. The Level II classifier adopts EasyEnsemble, generating balanced training subsets by undersampling majority classes and training sub-classifiers in parallel for parameter synthesis in ultimate classifier, to balance information between major fault types and minor ones. Experimental result shows that: compared to traditional methods, our proposed method improves the generalization ability on minority class faults and the overall accuracy by 7%.
Occupational Achievements of Same‐Sex Couples in the United States by Gender and Race

This article offers a framework that allows for the simultaneous comparison of all sexual orientation–gender–race/ethnicity groups after controlling for characteristics. The analysis suggests that occupations matter in explaining earnings differences among groups. The article also displays the high magnitude of the gender wage gap in an intersectional framework. The sexual orientation wage premium of lesbians is quite small for blacks and much higher for Hispanics and Asians than for whites. For men, departing from the white heterosexual model involves a substantial punishment; the racial penalty is larger for heterosexuals whereas the sexual orientation penalty is greater for whites.
Intra-species differences in population size shape life history and genome evolution

The evolutionary forces shaping life history trait divergence within species are largely unknown. Killifish (oviparous Cyprinodontiformes) evolved an annual life cycle as an exceptional adaptation to life in arid savannah environments characterized by seasonal water availability. The turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri) is the shortest-lived vertebrate known to science and displays differences in lifespan among wild populations, representing an ideal natural experiment in the evolution and diversification of life history. Here, by combining genome sequencing and population genetics, we investigate the evolutionary forces shaping lifespan among turquoise killifish populations. We generate an improved reference assembly for the turquoise killifish genome, trace the evolutionary origin of the sex chromosome, and identify genes under strong positive and purifying selection, as well as those evolving neutrally. We find that the shortest-lived turquoise killifish populations, which dwell in fragmented and isolated habitats at the outer margin of the geographical range of the species, are characterized by small effective population size and accumulate throughout the genome several small to large-effect deleterious mutations due to genetic drift. The genes most affected by drift in the shortest-lived turquoise killifish populations are involved in the WNT signalling pathway, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer and the mTOR pathway. As the populations under stronger genetic drift are the shortest-lived ones, we propose that limited population size due to habitat fragmentation and repeated population bottlenecks, by causing the genome-wide accumulation of deleterious mutations, cumulatively contribute to the short adult lifespan in turquoise killifish populations.
Long-range ferromagnetic ordering in vanadium-doped WSe2 semiconductor

We report long-range ferromagnetic ordering in a vanadium-doped monolayer WSe2 semiconductor using spin-polarized density functional calculations. We found that the vanadium dopant is located in the fully occupied state inside the valence band, inherent from spin–orbit coupling, leading to the presence of free holes in the valence band. As a consequence, the spin-polarized hole carriers are delocalized not only in the vanadium site but also persistently in the tungsten sites distant from vanadium to facilitate the long-range ferromagnetic ordering in the vanadium-doped monolayer WSe2. Our findings of this study pave the way for the future exploration of carrier-mediated room-temperature two-dimensional ferromagnetic semiconductors via magnetic dopants.
Bronchoalveolar lavage analysis using urea dilution standardisation in diagnosis of respiratory diseases in dogs

Differentiation of various chronic respiratory diseases may be made via analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid using urea concentration of BAL relative to blood urea concentration as a marker of dilution of pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF). Assessment of cell counts after adjusting for dilution may allow differentiation of the primary disease process in dogs presenting with respiratory signs. Considerable variation has been reported in total cell counts and concentration of biochemical markers due to variable recovery of PELF in BAL fluid. A number of chronic respiratory conditions can be difficult to diagnose definitively and accounting for dilution of PELF may allow us to better differentiate respiratory disease. Client-owned dogs presenting for investigation of respiratory disease were included. All dogs had a BAL performed and BAL cell counts were corrected after using urea as a marker for dilution and comparison of urea in blood to that of urea in BAL fluid. A final diagnosis of respiratory disease was made after retrospective analysis of all diagnostic investigations and response to treatment. Seventy two BAL samples from a total of 48 dogs were analysed and thirteen primary causes of respiratory disease identified based on diagnostic investigation including BAL cell cytology and treatment response. Respiratory diseases were also assigned to inflammatory, non-infectious, infectious, upper respiratory tract or respiratory neoplasia categories based on the disease diagnosed. There was no statistical difference in the adjusted total cell counts of BAL fluid (BALF) from dogs with different respiratory diseases or disease groups. Mycoplasma spp had no effect on the total cell count in dogs with chronic bronchitis. This study suggests total cell counts of BAL fluid corrected for dilution by urea concentration cannot be used to distinguish between different respiratory diseases. A larger number of cases and cross section of respiratory disease may further identify significant differences in total and differential cell counts of various different diseases.
Relationship Between Gestational Age and Severity of Gingivitis

Increased levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone in the blood during pregnancy can cause gingivitis due to vascular changes that cause the gingiva to become more sensitive especially to toxins and other irritants, such as plaques and calculus, which causes the gingiva to become easily inflamed. Pregnancy can also aggravate gingivitis due to the excessive inflammatory response of the gingiva to dental plaque and hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy. This study aims to determine the differences in the degree of gingivitis in pregnant women in each trimester of gestational age. This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in April 2019 on 80 pregnant women with gingivitis who examined their pregnancies at the Puskesmas Merdeka Palembang during the fourth week of March 2019. The relationship between the degree of gingivitis in each trimester of pregnancy was analyzed using Fisher's exact test with 95% confidence interval. The results showed that gingivitis was found most frequently in third trimester pregnancy (47.5%) and mild gingivitis, mostly experienced by pregnant women in trimester II pregnancy (52.6%), while moderate and severe gingivitis was more experienced by trimester pregnant women III (50% and 81.8%). The statistical test results showed a significant relationship between the gestational age and severity of gingivitis (p <0.05). It can be concluded that increasing gestational age is related to the increasing severity of gingivitis.
Dual-Polarized Microstrip Antennas With Capacitive via Fence for Wide Beamwidth and High Isolation

A dual-polarized microstrip antenna loaded with capacitive via fence is proposed for compact size, wide beamwidth, and high isolation. By exploring a capacitive blind-via fence near the radiating apertures, the field is concentrated between the fence and ground, achieving obvious dimension miniaturization and wide beamwidth for regular dual-polarized microstrip antennas. The proposed blind-via fence is constituted by four rows of metallic wires with subwavelength diameter, period, and gap to the ground. Thanks to the field concentration brought by the blind-via fence, high isolation is realized by suppressing the radiation from the feeding probes, similar to two disk-loaded monopole antennas, and forcing the fundamental mode of the patch. To validate the proposed concept, a prototype is fabricated and characterized with the size of 0.19 $\lambda _{0} \times 0.19\,\,\lambda _{0} \times 0.07 \lambda _{0}$ ( $\lambda _{0}$ is the free-space wavelength at the center frequency). The simulated and measured results agree well, with wide half-power beamwidth of 107° and 105° in the E- and H-planes, respectively. Meanwhile, the port isolation is higher than 32 dB within the operating bandwidth of 2.48–2.56 GHz. The proposed antenna is with the merits of compact size, wide beamwidth, and high isolation, exhibiting potential usage in diversity or multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems with wide-coverage applications.
Therapeutic lipid-coated hybrid nanoparticles against bacterial infections

One of the most important health concerns in society is the development of pathogen-causing nosocomial infections. Since the first discovery of antibiotics, bacterial infections have been highly treatable. However, with evolution and the nondiscretionary usage of antibiotics, pathogens have also found new ways to survive the onslaught of antibiotics by surviving intracellularly or through the formation of obstinate biofilms, and through these, the outcomes of regular antibiotic treatments may now be unsatisfactory. Lipid-coated hybrid nanoparticles (LCHNPs) are the next-generation core–shell structured nanodelivery system, where an inorganic or organic core, loaded with antimicrobials, is enveloped by lipid layers. This core–shell structure, with multifarious decorations, not only improves the loading capabilities of therapeutics but also has the potential to improve therapeutic delivery, especially for targeting biofilm-based and intracellular bacterial infections. Although there has been significant interest in the development of LCHNPs, they have yet to be widely exploited for bacterial infections. In this review, we will provide an overview on the latest development of LCHNPs and the various approaches in synthesizing this nano-delivery system. In addition, a discussion on future perspectives of LCHNPs, in combination with other novel anti-bacterial technologies, will be provided towards the end of this review.
A Data-Driven Approach for Identifying Possible Manufacturing Processes and Production Parameters That Cause Product Defects: A Thin-Film Filter Company Case Study

A semiconductor or photoelectric manufacturer faces a more competitive market with small quantities of many products. These products require hundreds of processes for production, thereby generating huge manufacturing data. With the help of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the manufacturer can collect manufacturing process data in a timely manner. Due to the massive quantities of manufacturing process data, it has become difficult for manufacturers to determine the causes of product defects, by which machine, and by what manufacturing process (or recipe) parameters. This research proposes a six-step data-driven solution to this problem. The chi-square test of independence, the Apriori algorithm, and the decision tree method identify the process that is generating the defective products and extract rules to identify the lot identification of product defects and their associated manufacturing process parameters. An empirical study was conducted at an optical thin-film filter (TFF) company in Taiwan. Based on the data of the optical TFF production lines, the coating process was identified as the source of the defective products, and the extracted rules were validated and implemented. The product defect rate decreased from 20% to 5%. Hence, the proposed data-driven solution was found to be capable of helping manufacturers enhance their product yield.
HIV, HBV and HCV Knowledge and Practice among Barbers and Women Hairdressers (coiffeurs): A Cross Sectional Study in Khartoum State 2015

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus HIV, Hepatitis B virus HBV and Hepatitis C HCV are blood borne viruses that infect millions of people worldwide. Barbers and women hairdressers (coiffeurs) may accidently cut their customer exposing themselves and their customers to be infected with the viruses. Objectives: To assess the knowledge and practice of barbers and (coiffeurs) regarding HIV, HBV and HCV infections in Khartoum state. Method: A cross sectional community based involving 384 barbers and coiffeurs study using proportionate stratified purposive sampling technique was conducted in Khartoum state, Sudan. A questionnaire through interview was used to collect data. Results: About half of the participants did not possess the basic knowledge about HBV and only (19%) had it in case of HCV, whereas most of them (83%) possess the basic knowledge about HIV. Only (10%) regularly sterilize/disinfect the instruments between customers and (4.2%) reuse razors on other customer. Significantly, men are better in knowledge but women are better in practice, also Ethiopians were the worst in knowledge and practice. Conclusion: knowledge of barbers and coiffeurs was generally poor and their practice may lead to spread of the blood borne disease. Authorities, media and customers should pay more attention to the problem.
Discussion of the flicker noise origin at very low temperature and polarisation operation

The flicker noise measured at very low temperature operation is analyzed as a function of the applied biases. In conventional polarization conditions, where driftdiffusion mechanism prevails, the carrier number fluctuations completely explain the 1/f noise behavior. At very low applied biases, when step-like behaviors occur in the drain current transfer characteristics, the results suggest that it is more suitable to consider the mobility fluctuation mechanism. Keywords—Flicker noise, number fluctuations, mobility fluctuation, very low polarization, very cryogenic temperature