Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Different Graphical PasswordAuthentication Techniques

Nowadays, user authentication is an important topic in the field of information security. To enforce security of information, passwords were introduced. Text based password is a popular authentication method used from ancient times. However text based passwords are prone to various attacks such as dictionary attacks, guessing attacks, brute force attacks, social engineering attacks etc. Numerous graphical password schemes have been proposed so far as it improves password usability and security. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive survey of the existing graphical password techniques. We can categorize these techniques into four: recognition-based, pure recall-based, cued-recall based and hybrid approaches. Here we analyze the strengths and drawbacks of each method. This survey will be particularly useful for researchers who are interested in developing new graphical password algorithms as well as industry practitioners who are interested in deploying graphical password techniques.
Material and doping dependence of the nodal and anti-nodal dispersion renormalizations in single- and multi-layer cuprates

We present a review of bosonic renormalization effects on electronic carriers observed from angle-resolved photoemission spectra in the cuprates. Specifically, we discuss the viewpoint that these renormalizations represent coupling of the electrons to the lattice and review how materials dependence, such as the number of Cu layers, and doping dependence can be understood straightforwardly in terms of several aspects of electron-phonon coupling in layered correlated materials.
The International Journal on Finite Volumes

The purpose of this paper is to describe a new algorithm for the pure eulerian interface capturing method FVCF-NIP. In this method, the interface is sharp and piecewise linear. In a cell containing two materials, termed as mixed cell, each one is pure at both sides of the interface and no diffusion is allowed through it. A conservative scheme is written on each material volume using the condensate formalism which allows in particular sliding of materials on each others. However, material volumes in mixed cells can be tiny and therefore the condition on the time step can be too much restrictive. The conservative scheme is then written with a time step only calculated considering pure cells. In mixed cells, a control procedure is built to ensure a stable evolution in small materials volumes. This new algorithm enhances the robustness of the method and allows to simulate a wider range of flow regimes.
Expertise in Deception Detection Involves Actively Prompting Diagnostic Information Rather Than Passive Behavioral Observation

In a proof-of-concept study, an expert obtained 100% deception-detection accuracy over 33 interviews. Tapes of the interactions were shown to N = 136 students who obtained 79.1% accuracy (Mdn = 83.3%, mode = 100%). The findings were replicated in a second experiment with 5 different experts who collectively conducted 89 interviews. The new experts were 97.8% accurate in cheating detection and 95.5% accurate at detecting who cheated. A sample of N = 34 students watched a random sample of 36 expert interviews and obtained 93.6% accuracy. The data suggest that experts can accurately distinguish truths from lies when they are allowed to actively question a potential liar, and nonexperts can obtain high accuracy when viewing expertly questioned senders.
A MANUFACTURED SOLUTION TO TEST A CODE THAT SIMULATES A COMPRESSIBLE FLOWWITH SHOCK WAVES

A numerical code aiming to simulate two-dimentional compressible flow, modeled by Euler equations with immersed boundaries, was submitted on a verification test using the Method of Manufactured Solutions. The code was developed to study computational aeroelasticity flutter analysis by means of forced oscillations on the NACA 0012 airfoil section modeled by the Immersed Boundary Method. Finite Difference scheme using Steger-Warming method of second order of accuracy to the spatial discretization and a Runge-Kutta method of fourth order of accuracy to the time discretization were used. It was created a manufactured solution that mimics a compressible flow with presence of shock waves. The numerical code was submitted by a Mesh Refinement Test and a systematic analysis of actual order of accuracy was performed. The results indicated that the code was free of programming errors and the Method of Manufactured Solutions was a good tool for debugging the code.
Circular Statistical Approach to Study the Occurrence of Seasonal Diseases

In the present study, we have developed new circular descriptive statistics for Censored circular sample and attempted to analyse the occurrence of seasonal diseases, both month-wise and season-wise. The Rayleigh Uniformity Test has also been proposed for the same, using which the presence of seasonal effect in both the cases. Finally, a regression model for predicting binary response from circular predictor has been proposed. The months being of unequal length, have been adjusted accordingly so as to make them of equal lengths. But since the seasons differ by a significant length and making them equal in length will mislead the analysis, we propose to group the cases in unequal intervals, the width of the intervals being proportional to the length of the seasons. That the season-wise analysis using circular statistical tools has not been attempted before is the main motivation behind our study. The data has been taken from the project entitled Statistical Modeling in Circular Statistics: An Application to Health Science, sponsored by the UGC, India, where diseases have been reported for the Kamrup (rural) district of Assam, India. It is revealed that the occurrence of seasonal diseases is highest in the months of March or equivalently, during the Pre-monsoon season. The distribution of occurrence of seasonal diseases both month-wise and season-wise is found to be marginally positively skewed and platykurtic. The regression analysis suggests that seasonal diseases is least likely to occur in April as compared to December and in Winter in comparison to Post-monsoon.
Combining QCA and Process Tracing in Set-Theoretic Multi-Method Research

Set-theoretic methods and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) in particular are case-based methods. There are, however, only few guidelines on how to combine them with qualitative case studies. Contributing to the literature on multi-method research (MMR), we offer the first comprehensive elaboration of principles for the integration of QCA and case studies with a special focus on case selection. We show that QCA's reliance on set-relational causation in terms of necessity and sufficiency has important consequences for the choice of cases. Using real world data for both crisp-set and fuzzy-set QCA, we show what typical and deviant cases are in QCA-based MMR. In addition, we demonstrate how to select cases for comparative case studies aiming to discern causal mechanisms and address the puzzles behind deviant cases. Finally, we detail the implications of modifying the set-theoretic cross-case model in the light of case-study evidence. Following the principles developed in this article should increase the inferential leverage of set-theoretic MMR.
The Impact of Grants and Wage Subsidies on the Resettlement Choices of Hurricane Katrina Victims

This paper examines the impact of wage subsidies and direct cash grants on the rebuilding choices of New Orleans homeowners following Hurricane Katrina. I estimate a dynamic discrete choice model of households’ residential location, home repair, home sale, and borrowing/saving choices using a unique panel dataset that combines interview responses from the recently fielded Displaced New Orleans Residents Survey with administrative property assessment records from the Orleans Parish Assessor’s Office. The model finds strong evidence of borrowing constraints among black households and among low income households. Using simulations of households’ choices under counterfactual grant policies, I estimate that the Louisiana Road Home program’s direct cash grants increased the fraction of homes that had been repaired or rebuilt within four years of Katrina by 14%. The program increased rebuilding rates by 18% among black households and by about 8% among non-black households. Also, I estimate that, on the margin, an increase in the amount of a direct grant has about 4.0 times the impact on rebuilding rates as an equal sized increase in the present value of New Orleans wages, and about 5.1 times the impact among black households. These findings suggest that following a disaster, any wage increases that might result from wage subsidies targeted to businesses are likely to have small effects on households’ choices relative to direct rebuilding grants paid to households.
Static Analysis of Android Auto Infotainment and ODB-II Apps

Smartphone and automotive technologies are rapidly converging, letting drivers enjoy communication and infotainment facilities and monitor in-vehicle functionalities, via On Board Diagnostics (OBD) technology. Among the various automotive apps available in playstores, Android Auto infotainment and OBD-II apps are widely used and are the most popular choice for smartphone to car interaction. Automotive apps have the potential of turning cars into smartphones on wheels , but can also be the gateway of attacks. This paper deﬁnes a static analysis that identiﬁes potential security risks in Android infotainment and OBD-II apps. It identiﬁes a set of potential security threats and presents an actual static analyzer for such apps. It has been applied to most of the highly rated infotainment apps available in the Google Play store, as well as on the available open-source OBD-II apps, against a set of possible exposure scenarios. Results show that almost 60% of such apps are potentially vulnerable and that 25% pose security threats related to the execution of JavaScript. The analysis of the OBD-II apps shows possibilities of severe Controller Area Network (CAN) injections and privacy violations, because of leaks of sensitive information.
Analysis of the Relationship Between Structural Change and Competitiveness in Turkish Leader Industries

This study covers the interaction of the two performances; structural changes and competitiveness of leader industries of Turkey. After decision of trade liberalization in 1980, there have been important changes in the structure of manufacturing industry in Turkey which are basically as a result of outward orientation policies. Turkey has become an industrial goods exporter, particularly in motor vehicles, textiles and clothing, iron and steel and electrical machinery. The question that this study arises is which performance of these leader industries causes the other between 1980-2007, in other words is structural change causes the competitiveness of these industries in Turkey or the competitiveness causes the development of its production structure. The study empirically tests this causality with the help of Granger Causality method. The study is organized as follows. After the introduction, the second part provides a brief review of economic performances of the mentioned industries in Turkey. The third part o¤ers the methodology and the data of various indicators that we used. The following part presents the empirical analysis and discusses the outputs from causality tests with comparison of the similar studies. The last part concludes and highlights some policy suggestions. Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey yUniversity of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris, France
Chapter 2 Experimental Models in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially fatal disease and survival rate is very low when rupture occurs. Experimental models related with abdominal aortic aneurysm are performed on intact and ruptured aneurysm (RAAA) models. By using AAA models; complex mechanisms of aneurysm formation, aneurysm progression, chance of rupture, preventative and treating methods are researched. Most commonly used methods for creating aneurysm are utilization of transgenic or knockout animals; intra/extraluminal pharmacologic treatments such as elastase, calcium chloride or angiotensin II; hyperlipidemic diet application and surgical interventions such as xenograft, stenosis or graft. Pathogenesis of aneurysm is predominantly examined on rodents whereas studies aimed at development of treatment modalities such as surgical or endovascular interventions are predominantly performed on large animals like rabbit, porcine or dog. Experimental studies modeling aneurysm rupture (RAAA) simulate shock (total hypoperfusion) occurred due to rupture and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) occurred due to surgical treatment; without creating aneurysm. In this model, end organ or distal organ injuries and methods for reducing these injuries or their hemodynamic effects are investigated by creating shock +I/R.
Effect of arrest and imprisonment on crime, The

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which the probability of arrest, the probability of imprisonment and imprisonment duration impact on property and violent crime rates in New South Wales, Australia. Method: A dynamic panel data model with fixed Local Government Area and time effects was adopted to explore this, while adjusting for potential confounders of the relationship between arrest, imprisonment and crime. The first-differenced generalised method of moments was used to estimate the model parameters. Results: One per cent increases in arrest rates for property and violent crime are estimated to produce 0.10 per cent and 0.19 per cent decreases in property and violent crime, respectively. If the one per cent increase in arrest rates is sustained, the long-run effect is estimated to be 0.14 and 0.30 per cent decreases for property and violent crime, respectively. The short-run elasticities for imprisonment probabilities were smaller, (-0.09 and -0.11), as were the long-run elasticities (-0.12 and -0.17), for property and violent crime, respectively. There was no evidence that increases in the length of imprisonment has any short or long-run impact on crime rates. Conclusion: The criminal justice system plays a significant role in preventing crime. Some criminal justice variables, however, exert much stronger effects than others. Increasing arrest rates is likely to have the largest impact, followed by increasing the likelihood of receiving a prison sentence. Increasing the length of stay in prison beyond current levels does not appear to impact on the crime rate after accounting for increases in arrest and imprisonment likelihood. Policy makers should focus more attention on strategies that increase the risk of arrest and less on strategies that increase the severity of punishment.
ifferential ultrastructural changes in tomato hormonal mutants exposed to admium riscila

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal, which can cause severe damage to plant development. The aim of this work was to characterize ultrastructural changes induced by Cd in miniature tomato cultivar Micro-Tom (MT) mutants and their wild-type counterpart. Leaves of diageotropica (dgt) and Never ripe (Nr) tomato hormonal mutants and wild-type MT were analysed by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy in order to characterize the structural changes caused by the exposure to 1 mM CdCl2. The effect of Cd on leaf ultrastructure was observed most noticeably in the chloroplasts, which
Surgical Method for Facilitation of Aortic Valve Replacement: Intraoperative Application of External Pressure for Increasing the Transverse Axis of Aortic Annulus

Background: Surgical method was introduced for enhancement of prosthetic valve insertion and overcoming difficulties ensourcing from prosthesis-patient mismatch. Methods: Twenty-two patients that underwent aortic valve replacement between January 2005 and July 2009 were included in this prospective study. In these patients, the insertion of prosthesis larger than the annulus diameter was attempted after the application of an external pressure that increased the transverse axis diameter of the aortic annulus. The postoperative results and complications were assessed. Results: This surgical method was performed on 22 patients (16 males, 6 females, mean age: 52.2 ± 15.8 years) during the valve replacement. In 12 patients (55%), replacement of proper sized aortic valve compliant to their surface area was accomplished, while the insertion of a proper valve could not be achieved in 10 (45%) of the patients. No perioperative mortality or complications related to the procedure were reported. Conclusion: Increasing the transverse diameter of aortic valve may not only facilitate the insertion of a prosthetic valve but also aid in overcoming prosthesis-patient mismatch. Further studies on larger series are necessary to document the actual effectively and precise selection criteria for application of this method.
2 D Array Structure for Pattern Mining

Discovering frequent patterns is a crucial task during association rules mining. To our knowledge, frequent-pattern growth (FP-Growth) method is among the most efficient algorithms for pattern mining. However, many experimental results show that there is excessive memory requirement to build and traverse the conditional FP-trees in FP-Growth. In this paper we present a novel compact 2D array-based algorithm to reduce the memory consumption for FP-growth. Our algorithm efficiently uses the FP-tree data structure in combination with a new compact 2D array data structure to mine frequent itemsets. The advantage of the proposed method is that it does not require building many conditional FP-trees recursively, instead of that it just builds a single compact 2D array and then mines the frequent items through it. The proposed method generates the same frequent itemset compared with FP-growth for all the tested datasets. Our performance study shows that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the memory consumption compared with FP-growth for many synthetic and real datasets, especially when support thresholds are low.
Latent Space Cartography: Visual Analysis of Vector Space Embeddings

Latent spaces—reduced‐dimensionality vector space embeddings of data, fit via machine learning—have been shown to capture interesting semantic properties and support data analysis and synthesis within a domain. Interpretation of latent spaces is challenging because prior knowledge, sometimes subtle and implicit, is essential to the process. We contribute methods for “latent space cartography”, the process of mapping and comparing meaningful semantic dimensions within latent spaces. We first perform a literature survey of relevant machine learning, natural language processing, and scientific research to distill common tasks and propose a workflow process. Next, we present an integrated visual analysis system for supporting this workflow, enabling users to discover, define, and verify meaningful relationships among data points, encoded within latent space dimensions. Three case studies demonstrate how users of our system can compare latent space variants in image generation, challenge existing findings on cancer transcriptomes, and assess a word embedding benchmark.
Immunologic Effect of Attenuated Salmonella enteric Serovar Choleraesuis C501 Expressing Recombinant Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae P97R1 Adhesin and NrdF Antigens in Mice

The immunogenicity of the P97 adhesin repeat region R1 (P97R1) and the ribonucleotide reductase R2 subunit (NrdF) antigens of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae were evaluated as vaccines in mice. Mice were immunized orally or injected intramuscularly (IM) with attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis strain C501 harboring a prokaryotic expression vector encoding P97R1 and NrdF (pYA97R1N). Local and systemic immune responses were analyzed in vaccinated mice. The results showed that P97R1N-specific serum IgG and IgA antibodies were detected in serum and lung samples. P97R1-specific serum IgG and IgA antibodies were also detected in serum, but in lung sample only P97R1-specific IgG response was induced. ELISA assays demonstrated that IFN-U and IL-4 production was induced in cultural supernatants from splenocytes stimulated with specific antigens in vitro. M. hyopneumoniae whole cell-specific antibody was induced in vaccinated mice and a good immunogenic effect by this vaccine was indicated. Importantly, animals vaccinated by IM had higher levels of P97R1N-specific IgG and IgA than those vaccinated by oral route. Furthermore, mice immunized with the C501 vaccine elicited significantly higher levels of P97R1N-specific IgA and IgG in lungs and serum (P<0.05), and IFN-U and IL-4, than those who received the live M.hyopneumoniae vaccine. Taken together, these results suggest that IM vaccination with the C501 vaccine might provide an effective method of inducing an immune response to M. hyopneumoniae.
Viscous Flow with Second-Order Slip Velocity over a Stretching Sheet

In this paper, viscous flow with a second-order slip condition over a permeable stretching surface is solved analytically. The current work differs from the previous studies in the application of a new second-order slip velocity model. The closed form solution reported is an exact solution of the full governing Navier-Stokes equations. The effects of slip and mass transfer parameters are discussed.
A plastid DNA phylogeny of Dasymaschalon (Annonaceae) and allied genera: Evidence for generic non-monophyly and the parallel evolutionary loss of inner petals

Dasymaschalon and the closely related genera Desmos, Friesodielsia and Monanthotaxis together comprise ca. 170 species of trees, shrubs and woody climbers distributed in tropical Africa and tropical Asia. These genera form the desmoid clade, which, because of the presence of diverse flower and fruit syndromes including different types of pollination chambers and moniliform monocarps, offers an opportunity to investigate potentially ecologically significant shifts in flower and fruit characters. Despite its morphological diversity, however, generic delimitation within the desmoid clade is problematic and the intergeneric relationships of the constituent genera are only poorly understood. Bayesian, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses of plastid DNA sequence data ( matK, psbA-trnH, ndhF, rbcL, trnL-F; ca. 5.4 kb; 52 taxa) were used to clarify phylogenetic relationships within the desmoid clade. The evolution and taxonomic utility of selected fruit and flower characters was investigated with likelihood and parsimony ancestral character reconstructions. The results indicate problems in the current delimitations of Dasymaschalon and Friesodielsia. Friesodielsia as currently circumscribed is polyphyletic, with African Friesodielsia species allied to the African genus Monanthotaxis, and only distantly related to Asian representatives. The majority of Dasymaschalon species form a strongly supported clade, but three species are more closely related to Asian species of Friesodielsia. Ancestral character reconstructions indicate that seed number and monocarp shape are of limited value in generic circumscriptions, and that the three-petalled corolla characteristic of Dasymaschalon evolved independently twice within the desmoid clade. Disruptions to homeotic gene expression or strong selective pressure for a partial enclosure of the mature stamens and carpels by the corolla are hypothesised to underlie the parallel evolution of pollination chambers formed by outer petal homologues subsequent to inner petal loss