Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the properties of dissipative shocks in the relativistic accretion flows

In this work, we study the properties of dissipative shocks for fully relativistic accretion flows around spinning black holes. In an accretion flow harbouring a dissipative shock (formally known as radiative shock), a significant portion of the thermal energy may get released from the post-shock corona. A stellar-mass black hole may therefore emit hard X-rays from the inner edge of the disc. If the bulk energy loss is significant, post-shock pressure drops, and shock moves forward towards the black hole compressing the size of the post-shock corona, resulting an enhancement of the corona temperature and compression ratio. The dynamical properties of the radiative shocks are therefore systematically investigated to understand accurately the radiative loss processes, temporal variations, and the spectral properties. We notice that the range of flow parameters (e.g. energy and angular momentum) responsible for the formation of ‘shocks in accretion (SA)’ is identical for both the cases of standing and dissipative shocks. The spin of the black hole enhances the dissipation further. We estimate the maximum energy release, which is observed close to $100{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ in the extreme cases. This could be useful in explaining various observed phenomena namely the formation and the systematic evolution of quasi-periodic oscillations, and the time lags in between hard and soft X-ray photons (e.g. XTE J1550−564, GRO J1655−40, etc.) during their outbursts.
Minimal Invasive Dentistry: Literature Review

Minimally invasive procedures are the new paradigm in health care. Everything from heart bypasses to gall bladder, surgeries are being performed with these dynamic new techniques. Dentistry is joining this exciting revolution as well. Minimally invasive dentistry adopts a philosophy that integrates prevention, remineralisation and minimal intervention for the placement and replacement of restorations. Minimally invasive dentistry reaches the treatment objective using the least invasive surgical approach, with the removal of the minimal amount of healthy tissues. This paper reviews in brief the concept of minimal intervention in dentistry.
Conceptualizing Inclusive Learning and Development: A Framework towards Entrepreneurial Competency Practices for Sustainability

This paper reviews the position of entrepreneurial competency practices for sustainability within the learning and development (L&D) narrative over the last three decades. In alignment with the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, gaps within the context of entrepreneurial learning theories, learning delivery, and roles of interlocutors are addressed. The discourse unfolds the meaning and measurement attributes of entrepreneurial competencies, advocating for developing an inclusive framework within the entrepreneurial L&D space. Extant literature posits exclusivity in learning theories, learning delivery, and role of interlocutors as approaches to achieving Entrepreneurial Competencies (EC); however, scarcity in research adapting a dynamic and inclusive framework for amalgamating learning theories, learning delivery, and roles of interlocutors can impact entrepreneurial competency sustainability. This paper analyzes EC to achieve L&D sustainability, employing a mixed-method content analysis to develop a dynamic and inclusive framework encompassing learning theories, learning delivery, and roles of interlocutors. The paper concludes by establishing an Inclusive Framework of Entrepreneurial Competency Practices (IFECP) that bridges learning and development gaps, namely learning theories, learning delivery, and roles of interlocutors. The IFECP is aimed at assisting interlocutors and learners from nascent to mastery stages in ECs to embody the core values of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Effectiveness of Fortified Liquid Organic Manure and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth, Physiological and Pesticidal Response of African Nightshade (Solanum scabrum)

Aims: To assess the effectiveness of fortified liquid organic manure, zero fertilizer applications and urea on the growth, physiological and pesticidal response of Solanum scabrum. Study Design: Complete randomized block experimental design. Place and Duration of Study: The green house facility and agricultural research farm at the Pan African Institute for Development – West Africa (PAID-WA), Buea, Cameroon, from August to November 2017. Methodology: Four experimental units with 4 treatments including: two fortified liquid organic manure (T1 and T2,) control (T3) and urea (T4), were established using 96 planting pots. The quantity and application rates for the liquid manure and urea were 4000 L/ha, once and twice a Original Research Article Tellen and Mbiseh; JAERI, 21(7): 30-46, 2020; Article no.JAERI. 57250 31 week, and 200 kg/ha, respectively. Leaf colour, leaf size, number of leaves per plant, plant height, stem collar diameter and growth rate were measured. Two plots with three soil beds each, was also established to record pesticide treatment response by counting the number of leaves eaten by insects Results: T2 had darker green leaves, tallest plants (27.57±11.87 cm), highest number of leaves (27.65±25.46 units), largest leaf size (38.56±21.96 cm 2 ), biggest stem collar diameter (1.54±0.41 cm) and highest growth rates (2.54±1.02, 5.18±3.40, and 0.11±0.03 cm/week for height, number of leaves and stem collar diameter, respectively). T2 effects differed significantly (P = 0.00) from T3 and T4. T2 and T1 also reduced pest attacks on leaves significantly (P = 0.00) compare to T3. Conclusion: Liquid extracts concoctions of biomass and pesticidal botanicals prove useful towards the development of effective bio-repellent organic fertilizers. These can contribute to reducing the use of synthetic agro-chemicals, hence decreasing residual environmental and human health hazards.
Investigation of Campylobacteriosis in Abort Cases in Kars Province by Pathological, Immunohistochemical, PCR and Microbiological Methods

Kampilobakteriyozis, sigir ve koyun yetistiriciliginde ekonomik kayiplara yol acan yavru atimi ve infertilite ile karakterize, bulasici ve zoonotik bir infeksiyondur. Bu calismada, Kars yoresinde meydana gelen sigir ve koyun abort vakalarini Kampilobakteriyozis yonunden incelemek ve sonuclari PCR, immunohistokimyasal, histopatolojik ve mikrobiyolojik olarak degerlendirmek amaclanmistir. Bu kapsamda, 2013-2018 yillari arasinda Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Patoloji Anabilim Dalina Kars merkez ve ilcelerinden getirilen 444 adet atik vakasina ait karaciger ve akciger doku ornekleri ile abomazum icerikleri incelenmistir. Hayvanlardan alinan doku ornekleri % 10’luk tamponlu formaldehit solusyonunda tespit edildi. Rutin islemlerin ardindan hazirlanan parafin bloklardan, Hematoksilen Eozin boyamasi icin 5 μm, immunohistokimyasal boyama icin kalinliginda 4 μm kesitler alindi. Histopatolojik degisikliklerin belirlenmesi amaciyla kesitler isik mikroskobunda incelendi. Abort vakalarina ait organlar ve abomasum icerikleri mikrobiyolojik inceleme amaciyla selektif supplement iceren Preston Campylobacter Enrichment Broth icerisine inokule edilerek on zenginlestirmeye ve daha sonra Preston Campylobacter Selektif Agara gecilerek inkube edildi. Inkubasyon sonrasi uremenin oldugu kulturler koloni morfolojisi ve mikroskobik gorunum yonunden incelendi ve Campylobacter spp. yonunden supheli gorulen koloniler biyokimyasal testlere tabi tutularak degerlendirildi. Yapilan histopatolojik incelemeler sonucunda karakteristik olarak hedef tahtasi gorunumunde multifokal nekrotik hepatitis tablosu gozlenen ve abomazum icerigi sari renkte, bulanik ve pihti iceren 17 adet abort vakasinin 7’si Camphylobacter ssp. yonunden PCR, immunohistokimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik yontemlerle pozitif bulundu. Sonuc olarak Kars yoresinde meydana gelen atik vakalari icerisinde Kampilobakteriyozis’in onemli bir yeri oldugu ve yetistiricilikte dikkate alinmasi gerektigi dusunmekteyiz.
Nutrient-Rich Beans with Benefit (Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek): A Review

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is one of the economically important pulse crops. It belongs to the subgenus Ceratotropis and is having a diploid genome with 2n=22. This crop is of minor importance with constrained spatial distribution and has watchfully been employed in cytogenetic experiments. On account of quality protein and minerals contain, this crop is commonly taken as a balanced diet in India. Precisely when improved with oats, they give a perfect mix of essential amino acids with high biological importance. In symbiotic association with Rhizobium, mungbean can assimilate atmospheric nitrogen and enables the criteria to meet the essential nitrogen requirement of its own along with the succeeding crops (Ali, 1992). In India, when it is grown between International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 8 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Structural Analysis of Quinoline 2-Oxidoreductase from Pseudomonas putida 86

The crystal structure of the Quinoline 2-Oxidoreductase (Qor), a member of the molybdenum hydroxylase family, was solved at 1.8 A resolution. Still controversial for molybdenum hydroxylases is the nature of the molybdenum apical ligand. In Qor the sulfido-ligand was found in the equatorial position while the oxo-ligand occupied the apical position. In addition, structural studies were carried out on two Nus family proteins. These resulted in the crystal structures of the transcription factors NusB from Thermotoga maritima and the complex of NusA from E. coli with the binding domain of phage λ protein N. A fragment of the λN protein (residues 34-47) is in complex with two molecules of the first acidic repeat AR1 of NusA. Mutational analysis showed that only one of the observed AR1-λN contacts is biologically significant. λN recruits NusA to antitermination complexes by binding to its C-terminal extension and serves as a scaffold to closely appose NusA and the mRNA.
A wideband circularly polarized antenna array with sequential rotation feed

A novel wideband circularly polarized (CP) antenna array is designed, which consists of a horizontally placed wideband phase shifting feed network and four vertically placed linearly polarized dipole antenna elements, and the circular polarization is realized based on sequential rotation feeding technology. By placing two parasitic strips and two grounding strips on the top and side of each T‐shaped dipole antenna element, the impedance bandwidth and circular polarization performance of the antenna can be further improved. The simulation results show that the 10‐dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 93% (1.56‐4.27 GHz) and the 3‐dB AR bandwidth is 80.7% (1.7‐4.0 GHz). The measured results are in good agreement with the simulation results. Due to the use of orthogonally placed wideband feed network and wideband array elements, the proposed antenna array has a wider circular polarization bandwidth than the similar antenna arrays reported.
Developing an Android-Based Game for Chemistry Learners and Its Usability Assessment

Nowadays, smartphones are not only used for communication purposes but also for gaming and studying. Gaming is trendy among adolescents in daily activity. The gamification of chemistry concepts, therefore, becomes very interesting and promising to enhance students’ intention of learning and promoting ICT literacy among university students. In this article, we reported the development of an Android-based game on the concept of colloids. Volunteered students (N=100) from the Faculty of Education and Teacher Training took part in the implementation phase. Need assessment suggested that the concept colloids should be a specific topic to be developed as chosen by a significant number of respondents. The validity of the app in terms of the instructional design, software design, and the visual aspects scored above average (between 90 and 99 %). The developed app was found to be very easy to use, practical, and straightforward, with an overall usability score of 85.1%.
ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC SYNCHRONIZATION IN THE FABRICATION OF DYNAMIC 3D PRINTED HAND PROSTHESIS- AN ORIGINAL STUDY

Aim: To fabricate a dynamic hand prosthesis using simple sensomotors and programming it using electromyographic synchronization to achieve functional movements at minimal cost. Materials and methods: The primary design of the prosthesis was done digitally and it was simulated using 3-D printing and milled with light weight polyurethane material. For incorporating the dynamic movements into the prosthesis, motors and electromotors (flex sensomotors) which worked based on the hex code programming were used. These additives allowed free movements and functional movements in the prosthesis. Using electromyography (EMG) healthier neuromuscular coordination was synchronized from a volunteer to the prosthesis. Electromyography worked based on the recording of muscle amplitude in microamperes with two sensors. One sensor transmitted the actual amplitude levels of healthier muscular movements while the other sensor intensified or deranged the value based on the muscle threshold of the individual. The amplitude values were recorded in C code programming format, which is human interfacing language. This was then compiled into the assembly programming for the ease of evaluation. Results: Based on the design, functional and dynamic movements were obtained in the hand prosthesis, using the synchronized EMG signals, which improved the efficiency of rehabilitation. Conclusion: Functionally active hand prosthesis at minimal cost will pave way for rehabilitating patients and improving their quality of life.
Complete Denitrification by the Non-Denitrifier Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans : The Role of Coupled Biotic-Abiotic Reactions

The metabolically versatile soil bacterium Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans couples growth to the reduction of NO3 via NO2 as intermediate to NH4 and to N2O reduction to N2. Consistent with the observed physiology, genomic studies identified nrfA (NO2→NH4) and nosZ (N2O→N2) genes, but nirS and nirK (NO2→NO) genes were absent, confirming its characterization as a non-denitrifier. A. dehalogenans also reduces soluble and insoluble forms of Fe(III) to Fe(II), known to chemically react with NO2. Following the addition of 1 mM NO3 or NO2 (i.e., 100 μmoles) to A. dehalogenans strain 2CP-C cultures grown with Fe(III) citrate, cultures yielded 54 ± 7 μmoles and 113 ± 2 μmoles N2O-N, respectively. The N2O formed was subsequently consumed by A. dehalogenans, indicating that the organism converts NO3 to N2 in the presence of Fe(II) through linked biotic-abiotic reactions. During NO3 reduction in the absence of Fe(II), only small amounts (≤ 1 μmole) of N2O-N were observed. A chemical reaction of NO2 with Fe(II) (i.e., chemodenitrification) was evidenced by N2O formation in abiotic controls containing Fe(II) and 100 μmoles of NO2. Subsequent N2O consumption required the presence of live A. dehalogenans cells. Despite the absence of nirS and nirK, A. dehalogenans cultures produced gaseous products from NO3 and NO2, indicating that gene content alone is insufficient to predict microbial denitrification potential. A survey of 4,739 complete bacterial genomes revealed 51 genomes with genes encoding NO3 and N2O reductases but lacking nirS and nirK. Seven of these organisms are confirmed iron reducers and 27 genomes have at least six putative c-type cytochrome genes with four or
Momentum Investment Strategy Using a Hidden Markov Model

There has been a growing demand for portfolio management using artificial intelligence (AI). To sustain a competitive advantage for portfolio management, stock market investors require a strategic investment decision that can realize better returns. In this study, we propose a momentum investment strategy that employs a hidden Markov model (HMM) to select stocks in the rising state. We construct an HMM momentum portfolio that includes 890 Korean stocks and analyze the performance of the stocks over the period of January 2000 to December 2018. By identifying states of stocks, sectors, and markets through HMM, our strategy buys shares in the rising state and proceeds with rebalancing after the holding period. The HMM momentum portfolio is determined to earn higher returns than traditional momentum portfolios and to achieve the best performance under the conditions of a short holding period (one week) and a short formation period (one month). In addition, our strategy exhibits competitive performance in market and sector index investment compared with market returns. This study implies that the momentum investment strategy using HMM is useful in the Korean stock market. Based on our HMM momentum strategy, future research can be enriched by applying the HMM to developing a new AI momentum strategy that can be utilized for other portfolios containing various types of financial assets on the global market.
The Impact of Flipped Project-Based Learning on Self-Regulation in Higher Education

Student-centered learning approaches such as project-based learning and flipped classroom stress the active role of the learner by applying knowledge rather than absorbing knowledge, and preparing higher education students for professional development. Student-centered learning environments are more effective when students regulate their learning and learn autonomously. There-fore, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of a proposed ap-proach of flipped project-based learning on various facets of students' self-regulated learning, including motivational beliefs and learning strategies in higher education. A flipped project-based learning environment was designed and developed to improve students’ self-regulated learning skills. In this regard, multiple case studies were conducted according to a pretest-posttest quasi-experiment design to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed approach by four groups of students from different disciplines. The study employed a mixed-method research approach for data collection. Overall, the results re-vealed that the flipped project-based learning approach significantly enhanced students’ self-regulated learning skills. It was found that the approach fostered the students’ self-regulation performance among different groups across dif-ferent disciplines and levels. Moreover, participants also claimed that the approach was useful and ef-fective. The findings indicated that students who actively engaged within flipped PBL activities demonstrated increases in cognitive and metacognitive functioning both individually and collaboratively. This study contributes to an advance in the understanding of how the development of SRL can be inte-grated into a flipped project-based learning environment in higher education.
Opportunities and challenges of 2D materials in back-end-of-line interconnect scaling

As the challenges in continued scaling of the integrated circuit technology escalate every generation, there is an urgent need to find viable solutions for both the front-end-of-line (transistors) and the back-end-of-line (interconnects). For the interconnect technology, it is crucial to replace the conventional barrier and liner with much thinner alternatives so that the current driving capability of the interconnects can be maintained or even improved. Due to the inherent atomically thin body thicknesses, 2D materials have recently been proposed and explored as Cu diffusion barrier alternatives. In this Perspective article, a variety of 2D materials that have been studied, ranging from graphene, h-BN, MoS2, WSe2 to TaS2, will be reviewed. Their potentials will be evaluated based on several criteria, including fundamental material properties as well as the feasibility for technology integration. Using TaS2 as an example, we demonstrate a large set of promising properties and point out that there remain challenges in the integration aspects with a few possible solutions waiting for validation. Applications of 2D materials for other functions in Cu interconnects and for different metal types will also be introduced, including electromigration, cobalt interconnects, and radio-frequency transmission lines.
The influence of self-assessed skill level on segmented hunting motivations in Alaska

ABSTRACT Understanding hunting motivations across skill levels is useful for addressing the decline in hunting participation in North America and allows managers to target their recruitment and retention strategies to hunters with different skill levels. We used principal component analysis and ANOVA to explore similarities and differences between three self-assessed hunting skill levels (beginner, intermediate, advanced) in six motivations: (a) cultural traditions, (b) being outdoors, (c) challenge, (d) solitude, (e) social, and (f) meat. Our research illustrates that “cultural traditions” as a motivation construct plays an important role for Alaskan hunters. We found that advanced hunters were motivated primarily by cultural and social factors, thus emphasizing the need to focus on retention management strategies around these motivations. Hunting for meat was the most important motivation for intermediate hunters. For the motivations of being outdoors and challenge, there were no statistically significant differences between the three skill levels.
Intentional vocabulary learning via WhatsApp: Does the type of input matter?

Nowadays, vocabulary as an influential domain in mastering second/foreign languages has encouraged researchers to put forth conceptualizations that can substantiate the successful learning of words. This study used WhatsApp to investigate the different impacts of two input modalities (voice messages vs. written texts) on EFL learners' intentional learning and retention of words. To this end, 50 female EFL learners in two intact classes (n1=n2=25) were selected from a language institute in Khorramabad, Iran. The groups were randomly assigned to two treatment conditions. The results of a general English proficiency test verified their homogeneity at the outset. A standardized teacher-made vocabulary test assured the researchers that the words were unfamiliar to the learners. After the twelve-session treatment, which was integrated with conventional English teaching classes, another standardized vocabulary test was administered once immediately after the intervention and the second time after a two-week interval. The Friedman repeated measures analysis showed a significant difference between the pretest and posttests. However, the results of the statistical analyses showed no statistically significant differences between the participants' performances on the immediate and delayed posttests. Thus, the researchers concluded that the participants had not forgotten the words from the first to the second posttest indicating the efficacy of intentional vocabulary learning. Additionally, no significant differences were found between the two groups showing the similar impacts of the input modality. The study has implications for EFL teachers and educators whose focus is on TEFL.
‘SIB’: what does it really mean? A theoretical approach to understanding social impact bonds

IMPACT SIBs are a relatively new research field. Building on the contributions to the 2020 theme issue of Public Money & Management on SIBs, this paper helps policy-makers to be more aware of the potential and downsides of SIBs. The authors provide policy-makers and public sector managers with the tools to assess a SIB design.