Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Otimizações de código sensíveis a contexto baseadas em clonagem de funções

Compiladores fazem uso de duas tecnicas principais para implementar otimizacoes dependentes do contexto de chamadas de funcoes:integracao e clonagem. Historica- mente, a integracao de funcoes tem tido um uso mais amplo, ja que, na pratica, tende a ser mais efetiva. Apesar disso, a clonagem de funcoes prove beneficios nao presentes na integracao. Em particular, a clonagem da ao desenvolvedor uma maneira de mitigar bugs de desempenho, ja que sua aplicacao gera codigo reusavel. Alem disso, ela lida com recursao de uma forma mais natural. Finalmente, a clonagem pode levar a uma menor expansao de codigo.Neste trabalho, revisamos a clonagem de funcoes sob a luz desses beneficios. Discutimos algumas tecnicas de especializacao de codigo independentes baseadas em clonagem que, apesar de simples, sao amplamente aplicaveis, mesmo em benchmarks altamente otimizados, como o SPEC CPU 2006. Nossas otimizacoes sao de facil im- plementacao e aplicacao. Utilizamos a conhecida heuristica de pro ling estatico de Wu e Larus para medir o ganho de desempenho de um clone. Essa metrica nos da uma maneira concreta de indicar, aos desenvolvedores de codigo, bugs de desempenho potenciais, alem de nos fornecer uma metrica para decidirmos se devemos manter ou nao um clone. Ao implementarmos nossas ideias no compilador LLVM, fomos capazes de obter ganhos de desempenho signi cantes nos benchmarks do SPEC, mesmo que aplicados sobre o nivel de otimizacao -O2.
The Internet world and plagiarism

This paper is an attempt to make people understand the importance of plagiarism. The reason why people copy and its drawbacks. It also describes translation - a type of plagiarism that needs to be studied. How the increasing competition and the stress of work makes an individual to make this crime. The importance of language barrier in plagiarism and need for a common language of the world. The various malpractices used to avoid getting caught in plagiarism. The need for strong rules and laws to avoid the crime of plagiarism. It also has a small survey which describes the lack of education of plagiarism among the people. There is a need to make sure plagiarism a form of electronic crime is reduced perhaps destroyed from its roots. This can only be stopped, from where its starts i.e. school days.
Understanding the Evolution of Circular Economy through Language Change

In this study, we propose to focus on understanding the evolution of a specific scientific concept—that of Circular Economy (CE)—by analysing how the language used in academic discussions has changed semantically. It is worth noting that the meaning and central theme of this concept has remained the same; however, we hypothesise that it has undergone semantic change by way of additional layers being added to the concept. We have shown that semantic change in language is a reflection of shifts in scientific ideas, which in turn help explain the evolution of a concept. Focusing on the CE concept, our analysis demonstrated that the change over time in the language used in academic discussions of CE is indicative of the way in which the concept evolved and expanded.
Promoting Compliance with Human Rights: The Performance of the United Nations’ Universal Periodic Review and Treaty Bodies

What mechanisms facilitate state compliance with human rights? This article proposes and applies a model to assess the extent to which two United Nations human rights mechanisms—the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) and the state reporting procedure of the treaty bodies—are perceived as capable of stimulating compliance with human rights, and why. It does so by identifying a set of goals potentially achieved by these organizations—generating pressure, stimulating learning, providing an accurate overview of states’ performance, and delivering practically feasible recommendations—and testing the extent to which reaching these goals is seen to facilitate compliance with human rights. It concludes that the treaty bodies’ perceived strength lies in providing states with learning opportunities and an accurate overview of their internal situations. In contrast, the UPR is deemed particularly strong in generating peer and public pressure on states. From a theoretical point of view, this article shows that, under certain conditions, the three main theoretical schools on compliance—enforcement, management, and constructivist—offer credible explanations for states’ performance in implementing human rights recommendations, with the enforcement school faring relatively better than the other two. Data were collected by means of forty semi-structured interviews and an online survey.
Identifying the Best Admission Criteria for Data Science Using Machine Learning

Utilization of analytics by a large array of industries has attracted many people from diverse academic backgrounds to pursue a degree in Analytics and Data Science. One of the challenges facing the admission committee over the past few years has been the selection of best criteria used for student admission. The objective of this study is to identify a set of rules based on previous admission decisions and achievement of admitted students to capture the characteristics of a successful admission. This study considers statistical and machine learning techniques to provide a better set of guidelines for future admission processes
Emotionally Focused Therapy: A Culturally Sensitive Approach for African American Heterosexual Couples

ABSTRACT This article discusses unique considerations for a culturally sensitive emotionally focused therapy (EFT) for African American couples. EFT is an empirically supported treatment that significantly reduces relationship distress, yet efficacy with diverse populations remains unknown. African Americans’ chronic exposure to racism and discrimination creates a cumulative racial stress that negatively impacts their couple relationships. We propose a racially sensitive intervention for African American couples that addresses five considerations most salient for successful EFT treatment: the impact of racial stress, client trust of the therapist, gender-role expectations, and racial–gender views of emotionality and vulnerability. A case study illustrates this approach.
The changing role of convention bureaus: An analysis of business models currently adopted by privately owned CBS

This study aims to describe how Italian Convention Bureau (CB) organisations faced the uncertainty about their future existence and role caused by government funding cuts and increased pressure from stakeholders to demonstrate market effectiveness and organisational efficiency. Firstly, it uses the business model concept to describe actors, activities and value creation processes of today’s CBs that largely rely on private funds. Secondly, it investigates the degree of concern of CB’s Board on measuring and monitoring the value created for the stakeholders that provide financial resources. Selected case studies relative to Italian CBs are analysed through in-depth interviews and document analysis. Findings point out that the profit model of the investigated CBs strongly relies on fees from partners and members or revenues from the sale of services to local operators. This implies that CBs make efforts to monitor the value created for these specific groups of stakeholders while less attention is given to the measurement of customers’ (i.e. event planners) satisfaction and impact of CB’s activities on the quality of life of local communities.
Application of toxicity‐based fractionation techniques and structure‐activity relationship models for the identification of phototoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment pore water

Recent studies conducted at our laboratory have shown that sediments contaminated with complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can exhibit enhanced toxicity (lethality) to a variety of aquatic species when the samples are tested under ultraviolet (UV) light designed to mimic the wavelengths present in sunlight. However, because these contaminated sediments can contain literally thousands of chemicals, it is difficult to use conventional analytical techniques to identify those compounds responsible for photo‐induced toxicity. The purpose of this study was to adapt existing toxicity identification evaluation methods to attempt to identify those compounds contributing to the phototoxicity observed in our sediment samples. Pore water obtained from sediments collected near an oil refinery discharge was toxic to Lumbriculus variegatus following exposure to UV light, while organisms exposed to the same pore water, but without subsequent UV treatment, showed no toxic effect. Solid‐phase extraction disks and high‐performance liquid chromatography were used, in conjunction with toxicity tests with L. variegatus, to extract and fractionate phototoxic chemicals from the pore water. Phototoxic fractions analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed the presence of a number of aliphatic hydrocarbons, substituted PAHs, and PAHs containing heteroatoms. Chemicals were screened for their phototoxic potential based on empirical data and predictive models. A refined list of PAHs was then evaluated on the basis of their phototoxic potency as defined by a recently developed quantitative structure–activity relationship model and estimates of their bioaccumulation potential. Based on the model predictions of potency and bioaccumulation, nine likely phototoxic chemicals were identified.
Research on Load Sharing Method of Islanding Micro-grid

In islanding mode micro-grid, the line impedance causes the nonlinear load sharing difference. When the line impedance is very large, it will cause the micro-source overloaded or even breakdown. In this paper, the nonlinear load sharing principle is analyzed based on equivalent circuit, the key parameter influencing load sharing is concluded, then the control strategy to improve load sharing performance is presented. The experimental results of two micro-sources are presented. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
3D Parallel Fully Convolutional Networks for Real-Time Video Wildfire Smoke Detection

Wildfires have devastating consequences on ecological systems and human lives. Accurate and fast wildfire detection is crucial to reduce damage. The existing smoke detection algorithms using convolution neural network are mostly based on the classification of smoke images or patches, whereas the traditional smoke detection algorithms are often necessary to extract multiple features for integration. With the methods mentioned above, false positive is always an insurmountable problem in wildfire smoke detection. Moreover, there are few studies on the detection of wildfire smoke. Thus, to detect the wildfire smoke more intelligent, a 3D parallel fully convolutional network for wildfire smoke detection is proposed to segment the smoke regions in video sequences. Wildfire smoke detection is considered as a segmentation problem in this paper. There are more than 90 videos including various scenes used for training and test. Experiments have demonstrated that our architecture can segment smoke regions accurately and eliminate the interference of natural scenes. Smoke targets in multiple scenes can be detected accurately and quickly.
Analysis of Active Spectrum Handoff Effect Based on Cooperative Spectrum Prediction

In the cognitive radio network environment, because the sub-user opportunistic use of “spectrum hole” to communicate, resulting in the inevitable uninterrupted system for spectrum switching, and frequent spectral switching system performance significantly reduced. In this paper, an active spectrum switching method based on improved cooperative spectrum prediction is proposed based on the existing active spectrum switching based on single user prediction. This method can effectively improve the performance of spectrum switching by introducing the cooperative prediction module into the frame structure and the idea of dividing the frame structure frequency domain. Based on the experimental simulation, it is proved that the performance of the method is improved compared with the traditional single-user prediction active spectrum switching method and the periodic spectrum sensing switching method, the average switching delay, channel switching frequency and collision rate and other performance indicators have been effectively improved.
Co-integration and common trends analysis with score-driven models: an application to the federal funds effective rate and US inflation rate

Co-integration and common trends are studied for time series variables, by introducing the new t-QVARMA (quasi-vector autoregressive moving average) model. t-QVARMA is an outlier-robust nonlinear score-driven model for the multivariate t-distribution. In t-QVARMA, the I(0) and I(1) components of the variables are separated in a way that is similar to the Granger-representation of VAR models. The relationship between the co-integrated federal funds effective rate and United States (US) inflation rate variables is studied for the period of July 1954 to January 2019. The in-sample statistical and out-of-sample forecasting performances of t-QVARMA are superior to those of the classical Gaussian-VAR model
3D Localization in Urban Environments from Single Images

In this paper, we tackle the problem of geolocalization in urban environments overcoming the limitations in terms of accuracy of sensors like GPS, compass and accelerometer. For that purpose, we adopt recent findings in image segmentation and machine learning and combine them with the valuable information given by 2.5D maps of buildings. In particular, we first extract the façades of buildings and their edges and use this information to estimate the orientation and location that best align an input image to a 3D rendering of the given 2.5D map. As this step builds on a learned semantic segmentation procedure, rich training data is required. Thus, we also discuss how the required training data can be efficiently generated via a 3D tracking system.
Chinese International Undergraduate Students’ English Language Ability, Advice From Domestic and International Friends, and Psychosocial Adjustment to College

This study explores how advice from friends predicts Chinese international students’ college adjustment. First-year international Chinese (N = 95) undergraduates reported on their English language ability (ELA), advice seeking and evaluation with domestic and international friends, and psychosocial adjustment. Chinese students with lower self-reported ELA sought advice from their closest domestic friend less often, perceived advice from that friend as lower in quality, and were less psychosocially adjusted. Advice processes partially mediated the association between ELA and psychosocial adjustment.
TIPOLOGI KAJIAN LITERATUR (2010-2017) BERKAITAN ISU LUMBA HARAM DI MALAYSIA

Dalam meniti arus kemodenan ini, kegiatan lumba haram pada waktu malam merupakan salah satu gejala yang kian meruncing di kebanyakan negara dunia. Segelintir penyelidik terdahulu telah menyatakan tingkah laku golongan belia yang terjebak dalam kegiatan ini turut berlaku di kebanyakan negara-negara lain. Hal ini disebabkan oleh penggunaan terminologi lumba haram yang berbeza dan lokasi kegiatan di seluruh dunia. Di Malaysia, individu yang dilabel sebagai Mat Rempit adalah suatu istilah yang diberikan kepada remaja yang terlibat dalam aktiviti lumba haram. Mereka dilabel sebagai seorang yang ganas, agresif, dan tidak mematuhi peraturan lalu lintas. Tindakan tersebut telah membahayakan diri sendiri dan orang lain. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membina tipologi kajian lepas mengenai isu lumba haram di Malaysia dari tahun 2010 hingga 2017. Justeru, artikel ini adalah merupakan satu usaha untuk mendapat pemahaman terhadap isu lumba motosikal haram di Malaysia. Sehubungan itu, hasil kajian ini sebagai rujukan oleh pihak berkuasa untuk memahami isu ini dengan lebih dekat. Kajian ini juga membantu penyelidik akan datang membuat research gap bagi menghasilkan ilmu pengetahuan baharu ke atas kajian-kajian terdahulu.
Yazma Öz-Yeterlik Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması

The purpose of this study was to adapt Self-Efficacy of Writing Scale (Bruning et. al, 2013) to Turkish and to examine its psychometric reliability and validity. The original scale consisted of 16 items and has three sub-scales naming convention, ideation and self-regulation. The authors worked with Turkish experts and the authors of the original scale to assess linguistic validity of translated scale. Six hundred forty-eight middle school students filled the Turkish version of the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine construct validity. Analyses showed that adapted scale has 3 sub-scales including 13 items total. For internal reliability of each sub-scales, Cronbach Alpha coefficient were calculated. Cronbach Alpha coefficient for convention sub-scale was . 82, this coefficient was . 87 and . 84 for ideation and self-regulation sub-scales respectively. Overall, analyses showed that Turkish version of Self-Efficacy of Writing Scale was linguistically and psychometrically valid and reliable to measure writing self-efficacy.
Mobile Flight and Hotel Booking Application: A Heuristic and UX Test

The purpose of this study is to present the usability evaluation of the mobile flight and hotel booking application. Currently, mobile applications have offered the easiness to users in order to book flight and hotel. Unfortunately, there is a lack of study on usability that focuses on mobile booking application, while many people start to do all the transactions on their mobile phone. This study will conduct two combined usability evaluation methods which are heuristic and UX test. Ticket.com will be evaluated as it is a critical application that can represent the study of this usability testing. Those selected usability evaluation methods are to evaluate mobile application based on usability experts and end users to get feedbacks and propose solutions and recommendations to improve the application. Observation and questionnaire will be used to measure the metric of effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction. The heuristic is conducted by three usability experts. Whereas, the UX test participants are ten persons that will be randomly selected either from novice users or the one who experience purchasing flight ticket and hotel reservation on mobile. The result of the study revealed that the application is not easy-to-use and inconsistent as it has been proven by usability score of this application is 66% or below average. It is expected that this study can be adopted by developers and usability practitioners to deliver a user-friendly mobile application that leads to high customer satisfaction.
A tutorial on how to compute traditional IAT effects with {R}

aUniversity of Bamberg, Germany bChemnitz, Germany Abstract The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is the most frequently used and the most popular measure for assessing implicit associations across a large variety of psychological constructs. Altogether, 10 algorithms have been suggested by the founders of the IAT to compute what can be called the traditional IAT effects (i.e., the six D measures: D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, and the four conventional measures [C measures]: C1, C2, C3, C4). Researchers can decide which IAT effect they want to use, whereby the use of D measures is recommended on the basis of their properties. In this tutorial, we explain the background of the 10 traditional IAT effects and their mathematical details. We also present R code as well as example data so that readers can easily compute all of the traditional IAT effects. Last but not least, we present example outputs to illustrate what the results might look like.
Effects of Total Contact Orthosis on the Plantar Pressure during Walking Activities for Diabetic Foot

4 Background: Using a total contact orthosis (TCO) is an effective method to off-load in 5 diabetic patients with foot neuropathy. However, the redistribution of peak plantar pressure is 6 mostly observed during level walking which may differ from other walking activities. The 7 aim of this study was to investigate the plantar pressure from four regions of the foot during 8 different walking activities (level walking, ramp ascending, ramp descending, stair ascending 9 and stair descending) in neuropathic diabetic subjects with and without a TCO. 10 Methods: Sixteen neuropathic diabetic subjects aged 40-60 years with calluses and hallux 11 valgus were included in this study and were provided with TCOs made up of multifoam, 12 Plastazote ® and microcellular rubber. The plantar pressure and contact area with the TCO and 13 without the TCO were recorded using the Pedar X ® system during different walking 14
Community-based Responses to HIV/AIDS in South Africa: An Evaluation of a Children's Radio Programme

Children community radio programmes are among the very few programmes in Southern Africa that seek to raise HIV/AIDS knowledge and awareness on children. These programmes are designed to enable children to learn useful life skills as well as contribute to broader public awareness on issues facing Southern African children in the context of poverty and the HIV epidemic. The idea of 'child-participation' forms the core of children radio programmes. It locates the child as having a fundamental responsibility in the response to HIV/AIDS. The assumption is that children need to be capacitated with HIV/ AIDS information to build awareness. This article focuses on the results of a process evaluation of a children radio programme conducted in South Africa. The purpose of the evaluation was to gather information related to programme implementation and performance. For this evaluation, qualitative methods comprising semi-structured interviews, observations and document analysis were used. In this evaluation, inductive thematic analysis was employed to establish how the children's radio programme was being implemented. The results of the evaluation showed high levels of implementation fidelity.
Child Care Subsidies with One- and Two-Parent Families

The implementation of child care subsidies has varied widely across countries and states, as well as over time, ranging from universal to poverty-tested eligibility. I study the implications of eligibility rules for child care subsidies in a general equilibrium, overlapping generations framework where altruistic parents invest in child skill. I allow for one- and two-parent families, and endogenize family formation with a marriage market. This explicitly incorporates single mothers, who currently parent 20% of children under 5 in the United States. Using individual-level data from the US Department of Education, I estimate how mother time, father time, and non-parental child care affect child skill for each family structure. These estimates allow me to account for the differential effect of child care subsidies on one- and two-parent families. My general equilibrium framework accounts for the effect of the subsidy on government expenditures as well as the skill distribution and, through that, on endogenous tax rates. I find that universal subsidies yield ex ante welfare gains of 5.9 percentage points, while targeting child care subsidies to one-parent families or poor families yields welfare gains of 2.4 and 2.0 percentage points, respectively. Universal subsidies more fully insure newborns against the risks they face than targeted subsidies, and do not disincentivize skill investment as happens with subsidies to the poor.