Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study on Electrophoretic Hemoglobin Types and Serum Protein Fractions, Some Biochemical and Hormones Parameters Changes During Transition Period in Iraqi Cows

This study was conducted to determine the type of blood hemoglobin blood and its effect on biochemical parameters, which include the lipid profile and hormones of local cows in Basrah province by obtaining blood samples for cows from different areas of Basrah province in order to determine the type of hemoglobin and its effect on hormones and lipid parameters. Results show that hemoglobin type (B) achieved highest percentage of two types (AB and A) respectively. A significant elevation hemoglobin type (B) with the highest level of total cholesterol and triglycerides. The lipoprotein results (LDL-C, HDL-C, and VLDL-C) showed in hemoglobin type (B) was superior to that of another hemoglobin which having serum lipoprotein levels in lactation and pregnancy periods. Different hemoglobin phenotypes showed elevation of progesterone and estrogen levels in some physiological periods while hemoglobin type (B) can be seen to have a higher level in control periods and pregnancy periods when compared with other hemoglobin types. As for cortisol, it showed increase for hemoglobin type (B), while the lowest level of hemoglobin type (AB) when compared with physiological conditions (control, estrus, pregnancy, and lactation). It can concluded that type of hemoglobin effect on sex hormones and lipoproteins that using them as indicators in improving economic production and choosing the good type of hemoglobin in breeding, improving and increasing animal production and milk production.
Unique Properties, Lower bounds & Derandomization

The most difficult tasks in computational complexity are: proving uniform/non-uniform lower bounds, designing fast satisfiability/learning algorithms, and derandomizing probabilistic algorithms. Connections have been drawn between them to study the relative hardness of these tasks: (a) Uniform to non-uniform lower bounds, famously known as Karp-Lipton style theorems ( KLT ) [43]; (b) Fast algorithms to lower bounds; (c) Lower bounds to derandomization. Such connections were initially known for the class EXP , and then later were extended to NEXP . The key in the extension was the “easy-witness lemma ( EWL ) for NEXP ” [31]. We extend these connections to the intermediate class UEXP , and some related classes, by deriving similar EWL s for them. In the ‘fast algorithms to lower bounds’ connection we also provide translation results that generalize the lower bound frameworks for unrestricted Boolean circuits, to all typical circuit classes, in a black box fashion (i.e. generalization only depends on the assumption set of the framework and not its working). Circuit lower bound techniques that entail natural properties of Razborov and Rudich [61] are called natural, and are known to contradict widely believed cryptographic assumptions in the course of proving strong lower bounds. Thus attempts have been made to understand un-natural techniques. Natural properties satisfy three conditions: usefulness, constructiveness, and largeness. Usefulness is implicit in any lower-bound technique. In [57, 75] it was shown that P -constructivity is implicit in any NEXP or NEXP ∩ Co-NEXP lower bound technique. In this paper we introduce a new notion called unique properties: properties that contain exactly one element and thus avoid largeness. We show that P -constructivity and uniqueness are implicit in any UEXP or UEXP ∩ Co-UEXP lower bound technique. For the case of NP -constructivity, for different lower bound settings, we establish equivalences between: properties with arbitrary largeness and unique properties. In the process we obtain a variety of EWL s and KLT s for NEXP ∩ Co-NEXP and related classes. Equivalences between deterministic lower bounds and derandomization has been studied extensively in the past. This was extended to non-deterministic circuits in [7] using an improved high-end KLT for NP / 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦 . Using the higher Arthur-Merlin classes from [38] we generalize this KLT to general circuit classes and obtain: (i) a wide spectrum of lower bounds vs derandomization equivalences; (ii) lower bounds for higher Arthur-Merlin classes against general circuit classes. Our KLT extends to EXP and UEXP , but not to NEXP due to the lack of EWL s. For the special case of NEXP ⊄ ( NP ∩ Co-NP )/ 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦 we prove equivalence with: witness lower bound, an uniform lower bound, and various useful properties. We extend results from [75] to show that: super-polynomial savings in exhaustive search for certain problems imply NEXP ⊄ ( NP ∩ Co-NP )/ 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦 . This new connection yields an unconditional lower bound against a special restriction of non-deterministic ACC circuits.
An overview of indoor air pollution in the Malaysian kindergarten environment

The components of indoor air determine the quality of the indoor environment, which affects the health and well-being of inhabitants. Exposure to high levels of indoor air pollution in a kindergarten environment has a detrimental influence on children’s learning performance and increases the risk of respiratory problems that could lead to absenteeism. This paper explores and summarises the literature on indoor air pollution in kindergartens in the Malaysian environment. A review was done by analyzing papers taken from four electronic databases: Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar. Information on indoor pollution levels and determinants sources were extracted from 17 studies. The most investigated pollutants were carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), fungi and bacteria. Inadequate ventilation systems and overcrowded classrooms all contributed to excessive CO2 levels. Indoor PM2.5 sources are generated from cooking activities while cleaning, opening windows and movement activities of children were the primary sources of coarse particles. High concentrations of VOCs are emitted from a wide variety of indoor sources. Mobile vehicles and the proximity of kindergartens to busy roads were key contributors to higher CO concentrations. The findings highlight the importance of interventions to improve indoor air pollution in kindergarten premises in various settings.
Vowel innovation in Arabic: Inductive grounding and pattern symmetry

This paper has two aims. The first is to show that vowel innovation is taking place in colloquial Arabic – colloquial Palestinian, in particular. The second is to provide a theoretical account of it. The vowel system of Old Arabic (e.g., Fischer & Jastrow 1980; Lipinski 1997), is seen in (1), that of colloquial Palestinian in (2). The modern colloquial’s new long mid vowels are uncontroversial: they derive from Old Arabic diphthongs /ÆI/ and /ÆU/, shown by Old Arabic-colloquial pairs such as r`h 8 e rd„e ‘sword’ and k`t8m -
Modeling Errors in Biometric Surveillance and De-duplication Systems

Modeling Errors in Biometric Surveillance and De-duplication Systems by Brian Matthew DeCann Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering West Virginia University Arun A. Ross, Ph.D., Chair In biometrics-based surveillance and de-duplication applications, the system commonly determines if a given individual has been encountered before. In this dissertation, these applications are viewed as specific instances of a broader class of problems known as Anonymous Identification. Here, the system does not necessarily determine the identity of a person; rather, it merely establishes if the given input biometric data was encountered previously. This dissertation demonstrates that traditional biometric evaluation measures cannot adequately estimate the error rate of an anonymous identification system in general and a de-duplication system in particular. In this regard, the first contribution is the design of an error prediction model for an anonymous identification system. The model shows that the order in which individuals are encountered impacts the error rate of the system. The second contribution in the context of an identification system in general is an explanatory model that explains the relationship between the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the Cumulative Match Characteristic (CMC) curve of a closed-set biometric system. The phenomenon of biometrics menagerie is used to explain the possibility of deducing multiple CMC curves from the same ROC curve. Consequently, it is shown that a “good” verification system can be a “poor” identification system and vice-versa. Besides the aforementioned contributions, the dissertation also explores the use of gait as a biometric modality in surveillance systems operating in the thermal or shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectrum. In this regard, a new gait representation scheme known as Gait Curves is developed and evaluated on thermal and SWIR data. Finally, a clustering scheme is used to demonstrate that gait patterns can be clustered into multiple categories; further, specific physical traits related to gender and body area are observed to impact cluster generation. In sum, the dissertation provides some new insights into modeling anonymous identification systems and gait patterns for biometrics-based surveillance systems.
Methodological limitations of psychosocial interventions in Methodological limitations of psychosocial interventions in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) A patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) A systematic review. systematic review.

Background: Despite the potentially life-saving benefits of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), a significant group of patients experiences emotional distress after ICD implantation. Different psychosocial interventions have been employed to improve this condition, but previous reviews have suggested that methodological issues may limit the validity of such interventions. Aim: To review the methodology of previously published studies of psychosocial interventions in ICD patients, according to CONSORT statement guidelines for non-pharmacological interventions, and provide recommendations for future research. Methods: We electronically searched the PubMed, PsycInfo and Cochrane databases. To be included, studies needed to be published in a peer-reviewed journal between 1980 and 2008, to involve a human population aged 18+ years and to have an experimental design. Results: Twelve studies met the eligibility criteria. Samples were generally small. Interventions were very heterogeneous; most studies used cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and exercise programs either as unique interventions or as part of a multi-component program. Overall, studies showed a favourable effect on anxiety (6/9) and depression (4/8). CBT appeared to be the most effective intervention. There was no effect on the number of shocks and arrhythmic events, probably because studies were not powered to detect such an effect. Physical functioning improved in the three studies evaluating this outcome. Lack of information about the indication for ICD implantation (primary vs. secondary prevention), limited or no information regarding use of anti-arrhythmic (9/12) and psychotropic (10/12) treatment, PubMed, Cochrane, and PsychInfo using combinations of these terms: ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator, cardioverter defibrillator, implantable defibrillator, defibrillator, automatic defibrillator, intervention, depression, depressive disorder, anxiety, anxiety disorder, and quality of life.
Poverty Profiles and Nutritional Outcomes of Using Spate Irrigation in Ethiopia

Development partners and public investors assume that spate irrigation reduces household poverty and malnutrition. This article examines whether the poverty profiles of smallholder farmers and the nutritional outcomes of their children have improved as a result of using spate irrigation. The study areas were in two regional states in Ethiopia. Twenty‐five users each, both from traditional and modern spate irrigation schemes, and an equal number of non‐users responded to a structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measures of 122 children under five were measured using a hanging scale and stadiometer. The results indicated that all poverty indices were significantly lower for the spate irrigation users compared to non‐users, and were even lower for modern spate compared to traditional spate systems. Our results did not show gender differences, using sex of the household head as a crude measure of gender, in poverty profiles. Stochastic dominance tests showed that the poverty comparisons between users, traditional and modern, and non‐users are statistically robust. It can be concluded that the use of spate irrigation can significantly reduce poverty, and modernizing spate systems further increases its poverty‐reduction impact. However, anthropometric measures indicated that use of spate irrigation did not have significant nutritional effects, suggesting the need for nutrition‐sensitive interventions, such as nutrition education and awareness and multisectoral collaboration. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Interactive Web-Based Lethal Means Safety Decision Aid for An Interactive Web-Based Lethal Means Safety Decision Aid for Suicidal Adults (Lock to Live): Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Suicidal Adults (Lock to Live): Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Counseling to reduce access to lethal means such as firearms and medications is recommended for suicidal adults but does Conclusions: The L2L decision aid appears feasible and acceptable for use among adults with suicide risk and may be a useful adjunct to lethal means counseling and other suicide prevention interventions. Future large-scale studies are needed to determine the effect on home access to lethal means.
employing as

Structural and cellular complexity of prostatic histopathology limits the accuracy of noninvasive detection and grading of prostate cancer (PCa). We addressed this limitation by employing a novel diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) to derive structurally-specific diffusion fingerprints reflecting various underlying prostatic structural and cellular components. We further developed diffusion histology imaging (DHI) by combining DBSI-derived structural fingerprints with a deep neural network (DNN) algorithm to more accurately classify different histopathological features and predict tumor grade in PCa. We examined 243 patients suspected with PCa using in vivo DBSI. The in vivo DBSI-derived diffusion metrics detected coexisting prostatic pathologies distinguishing inflammation, PCa, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. DHI distinguished PCa from benign peripheral and transition zone tissues with over 95% sensitivity and specificity. DHI also demonstrated over 90% sensitivity and specificity for Gleason score noninvasively. We present DHI as a novel diagnostic tool capable of noninvasive detection and grading of PCa.
Resistance from Afar: Distal Mutation V36M Allosterically Resistance from Afar: Distal Mutation V36M Allosterically Modulates the Active Site to Accentuate Drug Resistance in HCV Modulates the Active Site to Accentuate Drug Resistance in HCV NS3/4A Protease [preprint] NS3/4A Protease [preprint]

Hepatitis C virus rapidly evolves, conferring resistance to direct acting antivirals. While resistance via active site mutations in the viral NS3/4A protease has been well characterized, the mechanism for resistance of non-active site mutations is unclear. R155K and V36M often co-evolve and while R155K alters the electrostatic network at the binding site, V36M is more than 13 Å away. In this study the mechanism by which V36M confers resistance, in the context of R155K, is elucidated with drug susceptibility assays, crystal structures, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for three protease inhibitors: telaprevir, boceprevir and danoprevir. The R155K and R155K/V36M crystal structures differ in the α-2 helix and E2 strand near the active site, with alternative conformations at M36 and side chains of active site residues D168 and R123, revealing an allosteric coupling, which persists dynamically in MD simulations, between the distal mutation and the active site. This allosteric modulation validates the network hypothesis and elucidates how distal mutations confer resistance through propagation of conformational changes to the active site.
GaAs MOSFET using MBE-grown Ga2O3 (Gd2O3) as gate oxide

An enhancement mode GaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) with Ga/sub 2/O/sub 3/ (Gd/sub 2/O/sub 3/) as gate dielectric has been successfully fabricated. The low interface density Ga/sub 2/O/sub 3/ (Gd/sub 2/O/sub 3/) oxide and GaAs n-channel layer were grown by in situ molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The fabricated n-channel MOSFET with 20 nm-thick oxide and 2 /spl mu/m-long gate operated both in enhancement and depletion modes, with a peak transconductance of 40 mS/mm in the enhancement mode. While operating with gate voltages ranging from -1 to 5 V, the device showed a drain current drift of 10.5% for a duration of 10/sup 4/s, a limited amount of hysteresis and negligible dispersion of transconductance from 10 Hz to 1 MHz.
Analysis of professional soccer players in competitive match play based on submaximum intensity periods

The main objective of this study is to analyse sub-maximum intensity periods (SubMIP’s) manifested by professional soccer players during official matches (number of events and time spent in each event), according to the player position, match halve and match, and also to group the players according to their SubMip values during the competition. Methods We collected a total of 247 individual records of 14 players using Global Positioning System (GPS) during 15 official league matches (Azerbaijan Premier League 2019–2020). We calculated both the number of SubMIPs events and the time each player spent in the SubMIPs zone (threshold of 85% MIP). We analysed the possible independence of the variables with the Kruskal–Wallis test and the possible specific relationships between the groups using a post-hoc analysis with Dunn’s test. In order to explore the possible distribution of physical demands in homogeneous groups, a cluster analysis was performed. Results The statistical analysis showed significant differences between the individual variables in the number of events and in the time spent by the player above the threshold in distance covered at speed >19.8 km/h (HSR), distance covered at speed >25.2 km/h (Sprint), acceleration density (AccDens), mean metabolic power (MetPow), metres per minute (Mmin) and high metabolic load distance >25.5 W/kg (HMLD). Differences were also found according to the playing position in MetPow, Mmin and between halves in AccDens, MetPow, Mmin. In the clustering based on the time spent by the player in SubMIPs, three main groups were described: (1) the centroid was located in lower values in each of the variables; (2) there were an accentuation of the AccDens variable; (3) all the variables, except AccDens, were accentuated. Conclusions The main differences with regard to SubMIPs were related to the player’s individual physical performance and not to position. However, the player’s position could act as an attractor and show significant differences during matches.
Comparative analysis of tools to predict rapid progression in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

ABSTRACT Background Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic kidney disease and shows a wide phenotype. Only patients with rapid progression (RP) are included in clinical trials or are approved to receive disease-modifying drugs. This study aims at comparing different available predictive tools in ADPKD with the Mayo classification (MC) identification of rapid progressors based on high total kidney volume (TKV) according to age. Methods A total of 164 ADPKD patients were recruited retrospectively from a single centre. The performance of diverse tools to identify RP defined as being in MC categories 1C–1E was assessed. Results A total of 118 patients were MC 1C–1E. The algorithm developed by the European Renal Association–European Dialysis and Transplant Association Working Group on Inherited Kidney Disorders/European Renal Best Practice had a low sensitivity in identifying MC 1C–1E. The sensitivity and specificity of TKV to predict RP depend on the cut-off used. A kidney length of >16.5 cm before age 45 years has high specificity but low sensitivity. Assessing the MC by ultrasonography had high levels of agreement with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, especially for 1A, 1D and 1E. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline was very sensitive but had low specificity. In contrast, the Predicting Renal Outcome in Polycystic Kidney Disease (PROPKD) score was very specific but had poor sensitivity. Having hypertension before 35 years of age is a good clinical predictor of MC 1C–1E. Family history can be of help in suggesting RP, but by itself it lacks sufficient sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions The MC by ultrasonography could be an option in hospitals with limited access to MRI as it performs well generally, and especially at the extremes of the MC, i.e. classes 1A, 1D and 1E. The eGFR decline is sensitive but not very specific when compared with the MC, whereas the PROPKD score is very specific but has low sensitivity. Integrating the different tools currently available to determine RP should facilitate the identification of rapid progressors among patients with ADPKD.
Smartphone movement sensors for the remote monitoring of respiratory rates: Technical validation

Background Mobile health (mHealth) offers potential benefits to both patients and healthcare systems. Existing remote technologies to measure respiratory rates have limitations such as cost, accessibility and reliability. Using smartphone sensors to measure respiratory rates may offer a potential solution to these issues. Objective The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive assessment of a novel mHealth smartphone application designed to measure respiratory rates using movement sensors. Methods In Study 1, 15 participants simultaneously measured their respiratory rates with the app and a Food and Drug Administration-cleared reference device. A novel reference analysis method to allow the app to be evaluated ‘in the wild’ was also developed. In Study 2, 165 participants measured their respiratory rates using the app, and these measures were compared to the novel reference. The usability of the app was also assessed in both studies. Results The app, when compared to the Food and Drug Administration-cleared and novel references, respectively, showed a mean absolute error of 1.65 (SD = 1.49) and 1.14 (1.44), relative mean absolute error of 12.2 (9.23) and 9.5 (18.70) and bias of 0.81 (limits of agreement = –3.27 to 4.89) and 0.08 (–3.68 to 3.51). Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.700 and 0.885. Ninety-three percent of participants successfully operated the app on their first use. Conclusions The accuracy and usability of the app demonstrated here in individuals with a normal respiratory rate range show promise for the use of mHealth solutions employing smartphone sensors to remotely monitor respiratory rates. Further research should validate the benefits that this technology may offer patients and healthcare systems.
Performance Improvement of a Switched Reluctance Motor

In this paper, impacts of difierent operating factors of switched reluctance motors (SRM) upon vibrations and noise in the motor are reviewed. The noise in the motor may be reduced by applying a suitable control strategy or modifying design technique. Attempt is made to minimize the noise by creating a hole in the rotor poles of the motor. It is shown that a circular shape hole is preferred to rectangular one. A proper rotor and stator pole arcs are adjusted and optimal hole radius is determined.