Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Designing a Risk-Based Review Plan for Accrual Based Local Government Financial Reports

The application of Accrual-Based Government Accounting Standards (SAP) since 2015 still causes problems including misstatement in Local Government Financial Reports (LKPD). The role of the Inspectorate in minimizing these problems is manifested in conducting a review of LKPD. Preliminary research shows that the implementation of LKPD review in Bandung District has not been effective in detecting financial statement misstatements. This study aims to evaluate and design a risk-based review plan on accrual-based LKPD at the Bandung District Inspectorate, and also expected to be a guideline for Regional Government Inspectorates in planning LKPD reviews to generate government financial reports in accordance with SAP. This study uses a case study approach with qualitative methods. The results of the study show that the LKPD review planning at the Bandung District Inspectorate has been carried out according to regulations and IIA standards, but there are weaknesses at the stage of entity's understanding and risk identification. The design of review procedures that have not implemented a risk-based approach also has an impact on an ineffective review, therefore in this study a risk-based LKPD review plan was designed. The output of this review plan will contain testing procedures in accordance with the risk areas of the financial statements.
Pro-cathepsin D as a diagnostic marker in differentiating malignant pleural effusion from benign pleural effusion: A retrospective cohort study

Background: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) causes substantial symptomatic burden in advanced malignancy. Although pleural fluid cytology is a commonly accepted gold standard of diagnosis, its low diagnostic yield is a challenge for clinicians. The aim of this study was to determine whether pro-cathepsin D can serve as a novel biomarker to discriminate between MPE and benign pleural effusion (BPE). Methods : This study included 81 consecutive patients with exudative pleural effusions who had underwent thoracentesis or pleural biopsy. Pleural fluid and serum were collected as a standard procedure for all individuals at the same time. The level of pro-cathepsin D was measured by the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results : Though there were no significant differences in plasma pro-cathepsin D between the two groups, the level of pleural fluid pro-cathepsin D was signiﬁcantly higher in the MPE group than the BPE group (0.651 versus 0.590 pg/mL, P = 0.034). The discriminative power of pleural fluid pro-cathepsin D for diagnosing MPE was moderate, with 81% sensitivity and 53% specificity at a pro-cathepsin D cut-off >0.596 pg/mL (area under the curve: 0.656). The diagnostic sensitivity and negative predictive value for MPE were 81% and 89%, respectively, at the pro-cathepsin D cut-off >0.596 pg/mL. Conclusions : The level of pleural fluid pro-cathepsin D was found to be significantly higher in MPE than in BPE; thus, pleural fluid pro-cathepsin D may be useful for discriminating MPE from BPE.
Prediction for Breast Cancer Patients using Classification

Nowadays breast cancer becomes very major disease in many women. Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control. Signs of breast cancer include swelling by all or part from a breast, dimple skin, breast or nipple pain and nipple discharge. By using the breast cancer patient data, it generates the rules based on Classification and Adaptive Regression Trees (CART). CART is binary tree and it splits two branches for each node. Gini splitting rule is used for tree growing. Splitting is stopped when number of observations in the node is less than predefined minimum vale (Nmin). In this paper the Gini classification algorithm is used and is helpful in early treatment for the breast cancer patients.
Physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of soluble dietary fibers from yellow and purple fleshed potatoes by-product

ABSTRACT We extracted soluble dietary fiber from yellow (YSDF) and purple (PSDF) fleshed potatoes by-product to compare their physicochemical properties and structural characteristics. YSDF and PSDF showed similar monosaccharide compositions. YSDF gave a higher oil-holding capacity and swelling capacity (15.6 ± 1.1 g/g, 18.7 ± 0.8 mL/g) than PSDF (12.5 ± 0.9 g/g, 13.5 ± 1.0 mL/g). Emulsifying activity and emulsion stability of YSDF (33.8 ± 1.4 mL/100 mL and 31.5 ± 0.3 mL/100 mL, respectively) were significantly higher than those of PSDF (24.8 ± 1.1 mL/100 mL and 19.6 ± 1.8 mL/100 mL, respectively). Although PSDF showed a stronger DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)) free radical-scavenging activities (0.18 ± 0.01 and 2.39 ± 0.20 mg Trolox/g SDF), FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power) free radical-scavenging activity was similar to that of YSDF. Furthermore, molecular weight of YSDF (3967.3 Da) was lower than that of PSDF (4462.8 Da). Thermal property was different between YSDF and PSDF, and YSDF presented more rough, irregular, and porous surface. It can be concluded that SDFs from yellow fleshed potatoes are more suitable to use as fiber-rich functional ingredients.
The Efficacy of Microcurrent Therapy on Eccentric Contraction-Induced Muscle Damage in Rat Fast-Twitch Skeletal Muscle

Microcurrent (MC) therapy, in which a very small electric current is applied to the body, has widely been used to promote tissue healing and relieve symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of MC treatment on eccentric contraction (ECC)-induced muscle damage in rat fast-twitch skeletal muscles. Tibialis anterior muscles underwent 200 repeated ECCs in situ and were then stimulated (25 μA, 0.3 Hz) for 20 min (MC treatment). MC treatment was performed immediately after ECC and during a recovery period of 3 days (a total of 4 times). Three days after ECC, the muscles were excised and used for measure of force output and for biochemical analyses. In MC-treated muscles, tetanic forces at 20 Hz and 100 Hz were partially and fully restored, respectively, whereas in non-treated muscles, both forces remained depressed. Biochemical analyses revealed that MC treatment partially or completely inhibited ECC-induced reductions: in 1) the Ca2+-release function of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), 2) proteolysis of ryanodine receptor, a Ca2+ release channel of SR, and 3) myosin ATPase activity. On the other hand, MC treatment was unable to lessen increases in the activity of calpain, a cytosolic, Ca2+-activated neutral protease. These results indicate that MC treatment results in beneficial effects, such as restoration of muscle performance following ECC, although the precise mechanisms are still unknown at this time.
Synthesis of Amphiphilic Materials for the Investigation of Dispersant Dynamics and Nanoparticle End-Group Presentation

Although many theories exist to understand the movement of surfactants to and along interfaces under flow, few techniques are available to directly monitor surfactant dynamics at interfaces. Due to the broad use of surfactants – from fracking and oil spill remediation to healthcare and household products – a better means of assessing surfactant dynamics is widely applicable. Here, we describe and demonstrate the use of surfactant-dyes as a means of dynamic visualization of surfactants and have synthesized Nile Red-polyethylene glycol (NR-PEG) derivatives as our best candidate for this purpose. These NR-PEG surfactant-dyes fluoresce differently at the oil-water interfaces than in bulk aqueous solution, which allow for the selective monitoring of bound and free surfactant using confocal and selective plan illumination microscopy. We have visualized the transport of surfactants to and along drop interfaces under flow – similar to rising oil droplets in water – and at the interfaces of liquid-infused surfaces undergoing shear drainage. Imaging surfactant adsorption to interfaces at these time scales will allow for the development of improved dispersants systems for applications such as oil spill remediation and can also be used in understanding other fundamental transport phenomena involving dispersants.
Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice in Ethiopia and its association with maternal employment: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 2019.

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding defined as the practice of providing only breast-milk for an infant for the first 6 months of life without the addition of any other food or water, which recommends initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of life and continued breastfeeding for up to 2 years of age or more. Maternal employment is the most important factor contributing to the low practice of exclusive breastfeeding. However; the effect of maternal employment on exclusive breastfeeding is not investigated in Ethiopia. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was used in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The databases used were; PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane library were systematically searched. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) was used for critical appraisal of studies. Results: thirty-six studies were included in the final analysis after reviewing 541 studies in this meta-analysis yielding the pooled prevalence of EBF 59.76% (95% CI: 54.84, 64.68) in Ethiopia.Those employed mothers were 57% less likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding in comparison to unemployed mothers in Ethiopia [OR] 0.43; 95% CI (0.3, 0.62). Conclusions: The overall prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in this meta-analysis is low in comparison to the global recommendation of the practice of exclusive breastfeeding. Maternal employment was significantly associated with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in comparison to their counterparts. Based On our review findings, we recommended that the Ethiopian government should increase legislated paid maternity leave after delivery beyond current paid maternity leave and implement policies that empower women and create a conducive environment for mothers to practice exclusive breastfeeding at the workplace.
Detection of meningoencephalitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes with ischemic stroke-like onset using metagenomics next-generation sequencing

Abstract Rationale: Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a compatible intracellular bacterial pathogen that can invade different mammalian cells and reach the central nervous system (CNS), leading to meningoencephalitis and brain abscesses. In the diagnosis of L. monocytogenes meningoencephalitis (LMM), conventional tests are often reported as negative due to antibiotic therapy or low bacterial content in cerebrospinal fluid. To date, prompt diagnosis and accurate treatment remain a challenge for patients with Listeria infections. Patient concerns: Here, we report a case of a 64-year-old male diagnosed with LMM by using metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Diagnosis: LMM was confirmed by mNGS analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. Interventions: The patient was treated with piperacillin and sensitive antibiotics. Outcomes: The patient could walk independently about 1 month after admission and was discharged from the hospital. Lessons: This case highlights the value of mNGS in the diagnosis of LMM and emphasizes the inadequate sensitivity of conventional diagnostic methods for Listeria infection.
Improving motor and cognitive recovery following severe traumatic brain injury using advanced emotional audio-video stimulation

Abstract Rationale: It is estimated that about 6 million people suffer from severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year (73 cases per 100,000 people). TBI may affect emotional, sensory-motor, cognitive, and psychological functions with a consequent worsening of both patient and his/her caregiver's quality of life. In recent years, technological innovations allowed the development of new, advanced sensory stimulation systems, such as Neurowave, to further stimulate residual cognitive abilities and, at the same time, evaluate residual cognition. Patient concern: An 69-year-old Italian man entered our neurorehabilitation unit with a diagnosis of minimally conscious state following severe TBI. He breathed spontaneously via tracheostomy and was fed via percutaneous gastrostomy. At the neurological examination, the patient showed severe tetraparesis as he showed fluctuating alertness and responsiveness to external stimuli and opened the eyes without stimulation. Diagnosis: Patient was affected by subarachnoid hemorrhage and frontotemporal bilateral hematoma, which were surgically treated with decompressive craniotomy and subsequent cranioplasty about 6 months before. Interventions: The patient underwent a neuropsychological and clinical evaluation before (T0) and after a conventional rehabilitation cycle (T1), and after a Neurowave emotional stimulation-supported rehabilitative cycle (T2). Outcomes: Following conventional rehabilitation (T1), the patient achieved a partial improvement in behavioral responsiveness; there was also a mild improvement in the caregiver's distress. Conversely, Neurowave emotional stimulation session determined (at T2) a significant improvement of the patient's behavioral responsiveness, cognition, and in the caregiver's distress. The P300 recording in response to the NES showed a significant change of P300 magnitude and latency. Discussion: Our data suggest that emotional-integrated sensory stimulation using adequate visual stimuli represents a beneficial, complementary rehabilitative treatment for patients in minimally conscious state following a severe TBI. This may occur because stimuli with emotional salience can provide a reliable motivational resource to stimulate motor and cognitive recovery following severe TBI.
Prevalence of contraceptive use and its association with depression among women in the Jazan province of Saudi Arabia

Background: Hormonal contraceptives (HC) are used for birth control and the treatment of premenopausal syndrome. Mood changes represent the leading reported cause of discontinuation of HC. Changes in mood vary from mild disturbances to severe clinical depression. Objectives: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of depression among HC users who visit primary health care centers in the Jazan Province of Saudi Arabia and to identify psycho-social factors that may predispose HC users to depression. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among women who visited five primary health care centers in the Jazan Province. The survey included questions about socio-demographic information and an Arabic adaptation of the Beck Depression Inventory. Results: Among the 904 women surveyed, the prevalence of HC use was 57.3%. Mood disturbances were observed in approximately one-third of these women. There is was a significant correlation between higher depression scores and a history of depression therapy (P-value < 0.001), as moderate, severe, and extreme depression was more common in those with a history of taking depression therapy. The type of contraception used was also found to be a significant factor (P-value = 0.01) in the degree of depression. Conclusion: Approximately one-third of women using HC were shown to exhibit symptoms of mood disturbance. Working, limited social support, asked whether or not they experienced living problems in the past 2 months, and having an uncomfortable or somewhat comfortable marital relationship increased the likelihood of mood disturbances. Primary health care physicians should be aware of the relatively high prevalence of mood disturbances in women using HC, to provide support and care to patients.
A comparison between the effects of drug costs and share of family income on drug costs in determining drug price

Abstract High health care and medication expenditures pose a financial burden on Americans seeking care. It is imperative to determine the role of affordability in influencing access to health care and medications. To investigate the association between financial burden and health care access by comparing the effects of absolute and relative financial burdens, measured by total health care/medication expenditure (Expenditure) and health care/medication expenditure as a share of annual family income (Expenditure Share), respectively. Delay in receiving health care services and delay in obtaining prescription medications. A cross-sectional analysis of the 2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey using multivariate logistic regressions with Expenditure and Expenditure Share variables standardized to facilitate comparison. While both absolute and relative financial burdens were found to be positively associated with the outcomes, the relative measure had a significantly higher association that was about twice as much as the absolute one. For the outcome of delay in getting health care, the standardized odds ratios (OR) for health care expenditure and health care expenditure as a share of family income were 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–1.18) and 1.25 (95% CI = 1.20–1.32), respectively. For the outcome of delay in getting medications, the standardized OR for medication expenditure and medication expenditure as a share of family income were 1.11 (95% CI = 1.08–1.15) and 1.23 (95% CI = 1.18–1.29), respectively. The study illustrated the importance of including income in policy considerations intended to balance value, access, and affordability. Specifically, income should be included in measures assessing the value of medications.
Mapping the footprints of COVID-19 pandemic

The new member of the coronavirus family created havoc in the world in few days of its discovery and was declared as a pandemic by March 2020. The enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus was first identified in a patient with dry cough, pain, and weakness for the past1 week with unknown etiology in Wuhan. The coronavirus soon spread across the globe in the next few weeks. To curb the spread of coronavirus, stringent measures such as lockdown and social distancing were enforced resulted in a declining of cases in various countries. However, unlocking, relaxation of preventive measures, and changing human behaviors led to a drastic increase in the number of COVID-19 cases resulting in the second wave of transmission. This resulted in reimposing of lockdown measures in countries such as Nepal, Italy, France, Netherland, and Germany. At present, the virus has affected over 110.7 million peoples and over 2.4 million deaths across the world, with India having the second-highest number of COVID-19 cases, following the United States of America. Furthermore, a cross-sectional view of the disease states several new strains being reported across the globe at one end and at another end there is rolling out of vaccine against COVID-19. There is still uncertainty related to curbing of the pandemic as effect of vaccine on new strains is undetermined. Thus, it is important to understand the transforming epidemiology of the virus as it helps in planning necessary steps for physicians and policymakers. The present review summarizes the updated information primarily about the epidemiology of COVID-19, from initiation to the present scenario.
Eating disorders research in India: A bibliometric assessment of publications output during 2000–2019

Aim: The paper examines quantitative and qualitative dimensions of India's research output on Eating Disorders. Methodology: Scopus database was searched for the publications on eating Disorder from India during the years 2000 to 2019, and then the articles were screened to select the relevant articles. Results: The study included 132 publications. India's cumulative research in this area registered 328% absolute growth and averaged 6.87 citations per paper. The distribution of output by type of research revealed that anorexia nervosa and pica (31.82% and 28.79% share) contributed the largest shares of publications on eating disorders during 2000–2019. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru; and Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, lead the country as the most productive organizations (with 14, 11, and 7 papers each). Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine and Indian Journal of Pediatrics formed the most common journals publishing research on eating disorder, with largest contribution of 9 papers each. Conclusion: There is meager research on eating disorders from India.
Effectiveness of bisphosphonates on bone mineral density in osteopenic postmenopausal women

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract Background: Various bisphosphonate agents have been proven to be effective in preventing bone loss and fracture in osteopenic postmenopausal women. This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of various BPs on preventing the loss of bone mineral density (BMD) for postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were screened up to identify randomized controlled trails comparing effectiveness of BPs or placebo on the BMD of postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Network meta-analysis and standard pair-wise meta-analyses were performed. The main outcomes include the percentage changes of 6-, 12-, 24-, and 36-month BMD at lumbar, total hip and femoral neck, and frequencies of new fractures and severe adverse events. Results: Fourteen randomized controlled trials were eligible, involving 11,540 participants. No significant difference was presented among the available interventions for the 6-month BMD at 3 different sites, but the magnitudes of differences among the treatment regimens became gradually increased along with the extending of follow-up periods. Daily aledronate of more than 5 mg provided the maximal percentage increase on BMD of femoral neck and lumbar spine, while zoledronate provided maximal change on BMD of total hip, at different follow-up periods. This network meta-analysis also demonstrated similar frequencies of new clinical fractures and severe adverse events among different interventions. Conclusions: A ranking spectrum depicting the effectiveness on BMD percentage change following interventions with different bisphosphonate regimens was provided. Generally, regimens with zoledronate and aledronate were found to be the most effective interventions in the 3 sites at different end points.