Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SAR thresholds for electromagnetic exposure using functional thermal dose limits

Abstract Background and purpose: To protect against any potential adverse effects to human health from localised exposure to radio frequency (100 kHz–3 GHz) electromagnetic fields (RF EMF), international health organisations have defined basic restrictions on specific absorption rate (SAR) in tissues. These exposure restrictions incorporate safety factors which are generally conservative so that exposures that exceed the basic restrictions are not necessarily harmful. The magnitude of safety margin for various exposure scenarios is unknown. This shortcoming becomes more critical for medical applications where the safety guidelines are required to be relaxed. The purpose of this study was to quantify the magnitude of the safety factor included in the current basic restrictions for various exposure scenarios under localised exposure to RF EMF. Materials and methods: For each exposure scenario, we used the lowest thermal dose (TD) required to induce acute local tissue damage reported in literature, calculated the corresponding TD-functional SAR limits (SARTDFL) and related these limits to the existing basic restrictions, thereby estimating the respective safety factor. Results: The margin of safety factor in the current basic restrictions on 10 g peak spatial average SAR (psSAR10g) for muscle is large and can reach up to 31.2. Conclusions: Our analysis provides clear instructions for calculation of SARTDFL and consequently quantification of the incorporated safety factor in the current basic restrictions. This research can form the basis for further discussion on establishing the guidelines dedicated to a specific exposure scenario, i.e. exposure-specific SAR limits, rather than the current generic guidelines.
Summarizing Fuzzy Decision Forest by subclass discovery

Construction of forest of decision trees method is a popular tool in machine learning because of its good performances in terms of classification power as well as in computational cost. In this paper, we address two problems. The first one concerns the interpretability of a forest. Indeed, comparing to a single decision tree, a forest loose its ability to be easily understandable by an end-user. The second studied problem concerns the size of the forest and hence the memory size and classification time of a forest. We seek for a forest as small as possible that classify nearly as well as a larger forest. In order to solve these two problems, we propose to characterize a forest by discovering different classes of trees regarding their power of classification. These classes are discovered thanks to Forest's algorithm [1] of class segmentation, a variant of the hypersphere classifier [2].
A Software Vulnerability Rating Approach Based on the Vulnerability Database

CVSS is a specification for measuring the relative severity of software vulnerabilities. The performance values of the CVSS given by CVSS-SIG cannot describe the reasons for the software vulnerabilities. This approach fails to distinguish between software vulnerabilities that have the same score but different levels of severity. In this paper, a software vulnerability rating approach (SVRA) is proposed. The vulnerability database is used by SVRA to analyze the frequencies of CVSS’s metrics at different times. Then, the equations for both exploitability and impact subscores are given in terms of these frequencies. SVRA performs a weighted average of these two subscores to create an SVRA score. The score of a vulnerability is dynamically calculated at different times using the vulnerability database. Experiments were performed to validate the efficiency of the SVRA.
On the Syntax and Processing of Wh-questions in Spanish

It is often stated that minimalism has a “therapeutic effect” on syntactic theory. One sense in which this is true is that minimalism forces us to examine analyses that are suspiciously complex and stipulative and ask whether the apparent complexity and stipulation can’t be avoided by forcing ourselves to limit our analyses to a severely restricted set of formal mechanisms in the syntax. It is partly in this spirit that I approach one of the most widely studied aspects of Spanish and other Romance languages: the inversion that is found in wh-questions. The basic facts are given in (1) and (2).
Application of SVM to Lyapunov function approximation

This paper proposes a novel technique to approximate Lyapunov functions for discrete time autonomous systems using a special form of support vector machine (SVM). We assume that a Lyapunov function can be accurately approximated by a polynomial of arbitrary degree on a finite set of points from trajectories of the closed-loop system. We transform the original problem of linearly constrained quadratic optimization into an equivalent dual problem. For computational tractability, we apply an iterative decomposition of the dual problem. We illustrate our technique on two examples.
Enhanced Mammary Progesterone Receptor-A Isoform Activity in the Promotion of Mammary Tumor Progression by Dietary Soy in Rats

Dietary contribution to breast cancer risk, recurrence, and progression remains incompletely understood. Increased consumption of soy and soy isoflavones is associated with reduced mammary cancer susceptibility in women and in rodent models of carcinogenesis. In rats treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, dietary intake of soy protein isolate (SPI) reduced mammary tumor occurrence but increased incidence of more invasive tumors in tumored rats, relative to the control diet casein. Here we evaluated whether mammary tumor progression in tumor-bearing rats lifetime exposed to SPI is associated with deregulated progesterone receptor (PR) isoform expression. In histologically normal mammary glands of rats with invasive ductal carcinoma lesions, PR-A protein levels were higher for SPI- than casein-fed rats, whereas PR-B was undetectable for both groups. Increased mammary PR-A expression was associated with higher transforming growth factor-β1, stanniocalcin-1, and CD44 transcript levels; lower E-cadherin and estrogen receptor-α expression; and reduced apoptotic status in ductal epithelium. Serum progesterone (ng/ml) (CAS: 25.94 ± 3.81; SPI: 13.19 ± 2.32) and estradiol (pg/ml) (CAS: 27.9 ± 4.49; SPI: 68.48 ± 23.87) levels differed with diet. However, sera from rats of both diet groups displayed comparable mammosphere-forming efficiency in human MCF-7 cells. Thus, soy-rich diets may influence the development of more aggressive tumors by enhancing PR-A-dependent signaling in premalignant breast tissues.
3-Dimensional Shift Keying Modulation Schemes for High Rate MIMO Systems

In this treatise, a novel modulation scheme aimed for achieving high-rates MIMO systems is proposed, which is termed as 3-Dimensional Shift Keying (3- DSK). In the proposed 3-DSK scheme, the information bits can be mapped onto three distinguished information carriers, namely, spatial domain, matrix domain and signal dimension. Since the novel 3-DSK principle is capable of encoding information bits into three information carriers, high throughout can be achieved. Moreover, this 3-DSK framework subsumes diverse existing MIMO arrangements, such as Spatial Modulation (SM), Generalized Space-Time Shift Keying (GSTSK) scheme and Vertical Bell Lab's Layered Space-Time structure due to its high design flexibility. Additionally, a potential full transmit diversity can be achieved by jointly exploiting the spatial and temporal dimensions. At the receiver, a Maximum Likelihood decoder is adopted in order to jointly recover the information bits. Finally, we demonstrate through numerous simulation results that the 3-DSK architecture is capable of achieving a lower BER performance over SM and GSTSK as well as LDC schemes, while achieving high rates.
Guide to Techniques in Mouse Development

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Using the Unscented Kalman Filter and a Non-linear Two-track Model for Vehicle State Estimation

In order to evaluate the driving stability of a motor vehicle, the accurate determination of the vehicle sideslip angle is of significant importance. With the help of the sensor signals in today's production vehicles, this state can only be determined with limited accuracy. We propose an algorithm for the determination and estimation of the vehicle state based on the Unscented Kalman Filter. In the described estimator a two-track model of the vehicle is used, which represents the road contact with the Pacejka's Magic Formula tyre model.
Active fault detection based on a statistical test

In this paper active fault detection of closed loop systems using dual Youla-Jabr-Bongiorno-Kucera(YJBK) parameters is presented. Until now all detector design for active fault detection using the dual YJBK parameters has been based on CUSUM detectors. Here a method for design of a matched filter detector is proposed instead, based upon the Neyman-Pearson criterion for optimal detector design. Furthermore alternative ways to design the excitation signal which relates to indirect identification methods are presented. Examples are given on detection of actuator faults using a simulated gas bearing for both one and multiple possible parametric faults.
13C NMR isotopomer analysis reveals a connection between pyruvate cycling and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS)

Cellular metabolism of glucose is required for stimulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells, but the precise metabolic coupling factors involved in this process are not known. In an effort to better understand mechanisms of fuel-mediated insulin secretion, we have adapted 13C NMR and isotopomer methods to measure influx of metabolic fuels into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in insulinoma cells. Mitochondrial metabolism of [U-13C3]pyruvate, derived from [U-13C6]glucose, was compared in four clonal rat insulinoma cell 1-derived cell lines with varying degrees of glucose responsiveness. A 13C isotopomer analysis of glutamate isolated from these cells showed that the fraction of acetyl-CoA derived from [U-13C6]glucose was the same in all four cell lines (44 ± 5%, 70 ± 3%, and 84 ± 4% with 3, 6, or 12 mM glucose, respectively). The 13C NMR spectra also demonstrated the existence of two compartmental pools of pyruvate, one that exchanges with TCA cycle intermediates and a second pool derived from [U-13C6]glucose that feeds acetyl-CoA into the TCA cycle. The 13C NMR spectra were consistent with a metabolic model where the two pyruvate pools do not randomly mix. Flux between the mitochondrial intermediates and the first pool of pyruvate (pyruvate cycling) varied in proportion to glucose responsiveness in the four cell lines. Furthermore, stimulation of pyruvate cycling with dimethylmalate or its inhibition with phenylacetic acid led to proportional changes in insulin secretion. These findings indicate that exchange of pyruvate with TCA cycle intermediates, rather than oxidation of pyruvate via acetyl-CoA, correlates with glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
SIMULTANEOUS REACTIVE POWER AND FREQUENCY ESTIMATION USING SIMPLE WLS RECURSIVE ALGORITHM UNDER NON-SINUSOIDAL CONDITIONS AND WIDE-RANGE FREQUENCY DEVIATIONS

A new simple approach in the design of digital algorithms for simultaneous reactive power and frequency estimation of local system under nonsinusoidal conditions and wide-range frequency deviations is presented. The algorithm is derived using weighted-least square (WLS) method. Cascade finite-impulse-response (FIR) comb digital filters are used to minimize the noise effect and to eliminate the presence of harmonic effects. The most important significance of this paper is mathematical model which transforms the problem of estimation into an over determined set of linear equations. The algorithm shows a very high level of robustness as well as high measurement accuracy over a wide range of frequency changes. To demonstrate the performance of the developed algorithm, computer simulated data records are processed.
Inhibition of (–)-Propranolol Hydrochloride by Its Enantiomer in White Mice – a Placebo-Controlled Randomized Study

Background: A previous pilot study was performed to see if toxicity of (S)-(–)-propranolol hydrochloride may be inhibited by a potentized preparation of its enantiomer. The present study is based on the hypothesis that the toxic effects of an optical isomer, may be counteracted or reversed by the administration of a potentized preparation of one of its stereoisomers, and in particular the enantiomer. Methods: 508 ICR conventional mice were used. 254 mice were administered (R)-(+)-propranolol HCl homeopathic potency prior to and during the experiment, and the other 254 were administered indistinguishable placebo. On the day of the experiment mice were anesthetized with intraperitoneal Rometar. Once sedated the mice were administered the LD50 dose of (–)-propranolol HCl intraperitoneally. Results: The end point for statistical analysis was the difference in survival between the placebo and treatment mice. The odds ratio for survival of treatment mice relative to placebo mice was 1.52. The hypothesis of equal survival proportions gave a chi-square of 5.0429 (1 degree of freedom), which has a p-value of 0.0247. The analysis was then adjusted for mouse weight and intraperitoneal (–)-propranolol dosage using a logistic regression (LR) model. The LR treatment odds ratio was 1.51 and the LR treatment chisquare was 4.8112 (1 degree of freedom), which has a p-value of 0.0283. Consequently, we reject the null hypothesis of no treatment effect on survival. Eleven percent more treatment mice survived than placebo mice. Conclusion: We conclude that the toxicity of intraperitoneal (–)-propranolol HCl, may be counteracted by administration of a potency of its enantiomer, in ICR conventional mice which have survived preceding intraperitoneal Rometar injection, and pre-dosing with (+)-propranolol HCl homeopathic potency.
ControlShell: A Software Architecture for Complex Electromechanical Systems

Real-time system software is notoriously complex. Large projects must balance the special needs of real-time software—such as clock management, control systems, and strategy—with the needs of in teracting teams of programmers, managers, and long-term main tenance personnel. Successful projects require a solid software architecture, an intuitive graphical programming paradigm, a well- developed reuse system, and powerful system services. This paper walks through the methodology and application of ControlShell, the component-based real-time programming system. ControlShell provides an integrated development environment for building complex electromechanical systems. It targets complex systems that require both cyclic data processing and strategic event management and sequencing. ControlShell is specifically designed to facilitate team develop ment of complex electromechanical systems. Teams must share and reuse code; ControlShell provides component-level code shar ing and reuse. Complex systems require flexibility; ControlShell gains flexibility by supporting independent module-level code gen eration. Large systems are most easily designed as independent parts; ControlShell encourages easy interconnectivity of objects. Finally, complex systems are modal; ControlShellfeatures a unique configuration-control system for changing operating modes. The paper concludes by examining the application of this frame work to a dual-arm robotic work cell, a subsystem of the Space Shuttle Launch Processing System, and an underwater autonomous vehicle.
A Novel Histogram-based Network Anomaly Detection

The ability of capturing unknown attacks is an attractive feature of anomaly-based intrusion detection and it is not surprising that research on such a topic represents one of the most promising directions in the field of network security. In this work we consider two different traffic descriptors and evaluate their ability in capturing different kinds of anomalies, taking into account three different measures of similarity in order to discriminate between the normal network behaviour and the presence of anomalies. An extensive performance analysis, carried out over the publicly available MAWILab dataset, has highlighted that a proper choice of the relevant traffic descriptor and the similarity measure can be particularly efficient in the case of unknown attacks, i.e. those attacks that cannot be detected by standard misuse-based systems.
Random Sampling from Databases

Random Sampling from Databases by Frank Olken Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science University of California at Berkeley Professor Michael Stonebraker, Chair In this thesis I describe e cient methods of answering random sampling queries of relational databases, i.e., retrieving random samples of the results of relational queries. I begin with a discussion of the motivation for including sampling operators in the database management system (DBMS). Uses include auditing, estimation (e.g., approximate answers to aggregate queries), and query optimization. The second chapter contains a review of the basic le sampling methods used in the thesis: acceptance/rejection sampling, reservoir sampling, and partial sum (ranked) tree sampling. I describe their usage for sampling from variably blocked les, and sampling from results as they are generated. Related literature on sampling from databases is reviewed. In Chapter Three I show how acceptance/rejection sampling ofB trees can be employed to obtain simple random samples of B tree les without auxiliary data structures. Iterative and batch algorithms are described and evaluated. The fourth chapter covers sampling from hash les: open addressing hash les, separately chained over ow hash les, linear hash les, and extendible hash les. I describe both iterative and batch algorithms, and characterize their performance. I describe and analyze algorithms for sampling from relational operators in Chapter Five: selection, intersection, union, projection, set di erence, and join. Methods of sampling from complex relational expressions, including select-project-join queries, are also described. In Chapter Six I describe the maintenance of materialized sample views. Here I combine sampling techniques with methods of maintaining conventional materialized views. I consider views de ned by simple queries consisting of single relational operators. The penultimate chapter covers sampling from spatial databases. I develop algorithms for obtaining uniformly distributed samples of points which satisfy a spatial predicate represented as a union of polygons in the database. Sampling algorithms from both quadtrees and R-trees are described, including spatial reservoir sampling algorithms. I conclude with a summary of the thesis and an agenda for future work.
Effect of time scales on stability of coupled systems involving the wave equation

This article considers systems coupling an ordinary differential equation (ODE) with a wave equation through its boundary data. The main focus is put on the role of different time scales for each equation on the stability of the coupled system. A fast wave equation coupled to an ODE is proven to be stable if each subsystem is stable. However, we show examples of stable subsystems generating an unstable full system when coupling a wave equation to a fast ODE.
An innovative procedure for smoothing parameter selection

Smoothing with penalized splines calls for an automatic method to se-lect the size of the penalty parameter λ . We propose a not well known smoothingparameter selection procedure: the L-curve method. AIC and (generalized) crossvalidation represent the most common choices in this kind of problems even if theyindicate light smoothing when the data represent a smooth trend plus correlatednoise. In those cases the L-curve is a computationally efficient alternative and ro-bust alternative.
The Effects of Language Dominance in the Perception and Production of the Galician Mid Vowel Contrasts

Abstract Aims: This study investigates the perception and production of the Galician mid vowel contrasts by 54 early Spanish-Galician bilinguals in the cities of Vigo and Santiago (Galicia, Spain). Empirical data is provided to examine the role of language dominance in the perception and production of Galician mid vowel contrasts in order to determine whether the Galician vowel system is becoming more Spanish-like as a result of extensive contact with Spanish in urban areas. Methods: Perception and production data for each mid vowel contrast were collected in (1) binary forced-choice identification tasks, (2) AX discrimination tasks and (3) a reading-aloud task. Results: Results from binary forced-choice identification and AX discrimination tasks indicate that Spanish-dominant bilinguals have great difficulty in discriminating between these mid vowels while Galician-dominant subjects display a robust categorical identification of the two mid vowel categories. Acoustic analyses of their productions show that Galician-dominant bilinguals implement a Galician-specific /e/-/ɛ/ contrast but Spanish-dominant ones produce a single, merged Spanish-like front mid vowel. However, both language dominance groups seem to maintain a more robust /o/-/ɔ/ contrast. This asymmetry between front and back mid vowels is found in the productions of both language dominance groups. Conclusion: These results show that language dominance is a strong predictor of the production and perception abilities of Spanish-Galician bilinguals, and that only Galician-dominant subjects in these urban areas possess two independent phonetic categories in the front and back mid vowel space.
Complex Network Visualization based on Voronoi Diagram and Smoothed-particle Hydrodynamics

With rapid development of complex networks, it is difficult to only use figures and charts for their management and planning. Visualization technology can offers an effective approach to understand the structure and characteristics of complex networks, so as to mine more valuable information. This paper presents a complex network visualization method, which is based on smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and Voronoi diagram. Using statistical characteristics of complex network, this method determines the position of complex network nodes in a two-dimensional plane, and divides this plane into Voronoi diagram, then analyzes the structure and characteristics of complex network. In this paper, the experiment analyzes engineering software format conversion network and realizes its visualization.
Arrival angle estimation of correlated sources with unknown, spatially uncorrelated and nonstationary noise

Most methods for direction of arrival angle (DOA) estimation with array processing assume spatially white Gaussian noise of a known covariance matrix. However, the additive sensor noise in a practical situation may not be known. The paper presents a DOA estimation scheme for correlated sources including uncorrelated ones under an unknown spatially nonstationary white noise environment, i.e., the noise has a diagonal covariance matrix whose diagonal elements have unequal noise power. The method is applied to DOA estimation for coherent, noncoherent, and mixtures of these narrow band signals. The proposed method employs the difference between the forward backward averaging covariance matrix and its transform to eliminate the noise effects which can improve the performance of DOA estimation. Numerical results show that our proposed algorithm gives accurate estimation even if the sources are correlated, whereas the method of A. Moghaddamjoo (see IEEE Trans., vol.SP-39, p.219-21, 1991) fails to resolve the DOAs when the sources are coherent.