Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and outcomes of atrial fibrillation screening using intermittent electrocardiography in a primary healthcare setting: A cross-sectional study

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor for ischemic stroke unless treated with an anticoagulant. Detecting AF can be difficult because AF is often paroxysmal and asymptomatic. The aims of this study were to develop a screening model to detect AF in a primary healthcare setting and to initiate oral anticoagulant therapy in high-risk patients to prevent stroke. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. All 70- to 74-year-old individuals registered at a single primary healthcare center in Stockholm were invited to participate in AF screening upon visiting the center during a ten-month period. Those who did not have contact with the center during this period were invited to participate by letter. Thirty-second intermittent ECG recordings were made twice a day using a handheld Zenicor device over a 2-week period in participants without AF. Oral anticoagulant therapy was offered to patients with newly detected AF. Findings Of the 415 eligible individuals, a total of 324 (78.1%) patients participated in the study. The mean age of the participants was 72 years, 52.2% were female, and the median CHA2DS2-VASc score of the participants was 3. In the target population, 34 (8.2%) individuals had previously diagnosed AF. Among participants without previously known AF, 16 (5.5%) cases of AF were detected. The final AF prevalence in the target population was 12%. Oral anticoagulant therapy was successfully initiated in 88% of these patients with newly detected AF. Conclusions The AF screening project exhibited a high participation rate and resulted in a high rate of newly discovered AF; of these newly diagnosed patients, 88% could be treated with an oral anticoagulant.
Foresee: Attentive Future Projections of Chaotic Road Environments with Online Training

In this paper, we train a recurrent neural network to learn dynamics of a chaotic road environment and to project the future of the environment on an image. Future projection can be used to anticipate an unseen environment for example, in autonomous driving. Road environment is highly dynamic and complex due to the interaction among traffic participants such as vehicles and pedestrians. Even in this complex environment, a human driver is efficacious to safely drive on chaotic roads irrespective of the number of traffic participants. The proliferation of deep learning research has shown the efficacy of neural networks in learning this human behavior. In the same direction, we investigate recurrent neural networks to understand the chaotic road environment which is shared by pedestrians, vehicles (cars, trucks, bicycles etc.), and sometimes animals as well. We propose \emph{Foresee}, a unidirectional gated recurrent units (GRUs) network with attention to project future of the environment in the form of images. We have collected several videos on Delhi roads consisting of various traffic participants, background and infrastructure differences (like 3D pedestrian crossing) at various times on various days. We train \emph{Foresee} in an unsupervised way and we use online training to project frames up to $0.5$ seconds in advance. We show that our proposed model performs better than state of the art methods (prednet and Enc. Dec. LSTM) and finally, we show that our trained model generalizes to a public dataset for future projections.
Rho-Kinase Inhibition Ameliorates Dasatinib-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Pulmonary Hypertension

The multi-kinase inhibitor dasatinib is used for treatment of imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia, but is prone to induce microvascular dysfunction. In lung this can manifest as capillary leakage with pleural effusion, pulmonary edema or even pulmonary arterial hypertension. To understand how dasatinib causes endothelial dysfunction we examined the effects of clinically relevant concentrations of dasatinib on both human pulmonary arterial macro- and microvascular endothelial cells (ECs). The effects of dasatinib was compared to imatinib and nilotinib, two other clinically used BCR/Abl kinase inhibitors that do not inhibit Src. Real three-dimensional morphology and high resolution stiffness mapping revealed softening of both macro- and microvascular ECs upon dasatinib treatment, which was not observed in response to imatinib. In a dose-dependent manner, dasatinib decreased transendothelial electrical resistance/impedance and caused a permeability increase as well as disruption of tight adherens junctions in both cell types. In isolated perfused and ventilated rat lungs, dasatinib increased mean pulmonary arterial pressure, which was accompanied by a gain in lung weight. The Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632 partly reversed the dasatinib-induced changes in vitro and ex vivo, presumably by acting downstream of Src. Co-administration of the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632 completely blunted the increased pulmonary pressure in response to dasatinib. In conclusion, a dasatinib-induced permeability increase in human pulmonary arterial macro- and microvascular ECs might explain many of the adverse effects of dasatinib in patients. Rho-kinase inhibition might be suitable to ameliorate these effects.
Complaints about dental practitioners: an analysis of 6 years of complaints about dentists, dental prosthetists, oral health therapists, dental therapists and dental hygienists in Australia

Abstract Background Previous research has found dental practitioners at elevated risk of complaint compared with other health professions. This study aimed to describe the frequency, nature and risk factors for complaints involving dental practitioners. Methods We assembled a national dataset of complaints about registered health practitioners in Australia between January 2011 and December 2016. We classified complaints into 23 issues across three domains: health, performance and conduct. We compared rates of complaints about dental practitioners and other health practitioners. We used negative binomial regression analysis to identify factors associated with complaints. Results Dental practitioners made up 3.5% of health practitioners, yet accounted for approximately 10% of complaints. Dental practitioners had the highest rate of complaints among fourteen health professions (42.7 per 1000 practitioners per year) with higher rates among dentists and dental prosthetists than allied dental practitioners. Male practitioners were at a higher risk of complaints. Most complaints about dentists related to treatments and procedures (59%). Around 4% of dentists received more than one complaint, accounting for 49% of complaints about dentists. In 60% of closed cases no regulatory action was required. Around 13% of complaints resulted in restrictive actions, such as conditions on practice. Conclusion Improved understanding of patterns may assist regulatory boards and professional associations to ensure competent practice and protect patient safety.
Classification of Protein Crystallization X-Ray Images Using Major Convolutional Neural Network Architectures

The generation of protein crystals is necessary for the study of protein molecular function and structure. This is done empirically by processing large numbers of crystallization trials and inspecting them regularly in search of those with forming crystals. To avoid missing the hard-gained crystals, this visual inspection of the trial X-ray images is done manually as opposed to the existing less accurate machine learning methods. To achieve higher accuracy for automation, we applied some of the most successful convolutional neural networks (ResNet, Inception, VGG, and AlexNet) for 10-way classification of the X-ray images. We showed that substantial classification accuracy is gained by using such networks compared to two simpler ones previously proposed for this purpose. The best accuracy was obtained from ResNet (81.43%), which corresponds to a missed crystal rate of 5.9%. This rate could be lowered to less than 0.1% by using a top-3 classification strategy. Our dataset consisted of 486,000 internally annotated images, which was augmented to more than a million to address class imbalance. We also provide a label-wise analysis of the results, identifying the main sources of error and inaccuracy.
1 Reelin Haploinsufficiency and Late-Adolescent 2 Corticosterone Treatment Induce Long-Lasting and 3 Female-Specific Molecular Changes in the Dorsal 4 Hippocampus 5

13 Reelin depletion and stress seem to affect similar pathways including GABAergic and glutamatergic 14 signaling and both are implicated in psychiatric disorders in late adolescence/early adulthood. The 15 interaction between reelin depletion and stress, however, remains unclear. To investigate this, male 16 and female heterozygous reelin mice (HRM) and wildtype (WT) controls were treated with the stress 17 hormone, corticosterone (CORT), during late adolescence to simulate chronic stress. Glucocorticoid 18 receptors (GR), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) subunits, glutamic acid decarboxylase 19 (GAD67) and parvalbumin (PV) were measured in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) 20 in adulthood. While no changes were seen in male mice, female HRM showed a significant reduction 21 in GR expression in the dorsal hippocampus. In addition, CORT reduced GR levels as well as GluN2B 22 and GluN2C subunits of NMDAr in the dorsal hippocampus in female mice only. CORT furthermore 23 reduced GluN1 levels in the PFC of female mice. The combined effect of HRM and CORT treatment 24 appeared to be additive in terms of GR expression in the dorsal hippocampus. Female-specific CORT25 induced changes were associated with overall higher circulating CORT levels in female compared to 26 male mice. This study shows differential effects of reelin depletion and CORT treatment on GR and 27 NMDAr protein expression in male and female mice, suggesting that females are more susceptible to 28 reelin haploinsufficiency as well as late-adolescent stress. These findings shed more light on female29 specific vulnerability to stress and have implications for stress-associated mental illnesses with a 30 female bias including anxiety and major depression. 31
Synaptic Ultrastructure Might Be Involved in HCN1-Related BDNF mRNA in Withdrawal-Anxiety After Ethanol Dependence

Withdrawal from ethanol dependence has been associated with heightened anxiety and reduced expression of Brain-derived neurotropic factor which promotes the synaptic transmission and plasticity of synapses. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1 regulates expression; however, whether Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1-related Brain-derived neurotropic factor is involved in the synaptic ultrastructure that generates withdrawal-anxiety has been poorly perceived. Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with ethanol 3–9% (v/v) for a period of 21 days. Conditioned place preference and body weight were investigated during ethanol administration. Rats were subjected to behavioral testing and biochemical assessments after ethanol withdrawal, which was induced by abrupt discontinuation of the treatment. The results showed that the ethanol administration induced severe ethanol dependence behaviors, with higher body weight and more time in the ethanol-paired compartment. After withdrawal, rats had a higher total ethanol withdrawal score and explored less. Additionally, increased Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1 protein and gene expression and decreased Brain-derived neurotropic factor protein and gene expression were detected in the Ethanol group. Eventually, there was a negative correlation between the level of Brain-derived neurotropic factor mRNA and Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1 protein. Importantly, the synaptic ultrastructure changed in the Ethanol group, including increased synaptic cleft width and reduction in postsynaptic density thickness or synaptic curvature. The synthesis of the Brain-derived neurotropic factor mRNA could be down-regulated by higher Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1 protein expression. Changes in synaptic ultrastructure may be induced by lower Brain-derived neurotropic factor protein, which could be associated with the withdrawal-anxiety that is experiences after ethanol dependence.
Simple Modifications to Standard TRIzol® Protocol Allow High-Yield RNA Extraction from Cells on Resorbable Materials

Resorbable bioceramics are attractive for medical applications such as bone substitution. Biochemical analysis on cells cultured on these biomaterials is vital to predict the impact of the materials in vivo and RNA extraction is an essential step in gene expression study using RT-qPCR. In this study, we describe simple modifications to the TRIzol® RNA extraction protocol widely used in biology and these allow high-yield extraction of RNA from cells on resorbable calcium phosphates. Without the modifications, RNA is trapped in the co-precipitated calcium compounds, rendering TRIzol® extraction method infeasible. Among the modifications, the use of extra TRIzol® to dilute the lysate before the RNA precipitation step is critical for extraction of RNA from porous ? -tricalcium phosphate (? -TCP) discs. We also investigate the rationale behind the undesirable precipitation so as to provide clues about the modifications required for other resorbable materials with high application potential in bone tissue engineering.
Temporomandibular Disorders: “Occlusion” Matters!

By analogy with the journal's title Pain Research and Management, this review describes TMD Research and Management. More specific are the (1) research aspects of “occlusion,” still one of the most controversial topics in TMD, and (2) as much as possible evidence-based management aspects of “TMD” for the dental practitioner. Research. The disorders temporomandibular dysfunction and the synonymous craniomandibular dysfunction are still being discussed intensely in the literature. Traditionally, attention is mostly devoted to occlusion and its relationship with these disorders. The conclusions reached are often contradictory. Considering the definitions of temporomandibular and craniomandibular dysfunctions/disorders and “occlusion,” a possible explanation for this controversy can be found in the subsequent methodological problems of the studies. Based on a Medline search of these terms over the past 40 years related to contemporary terms such as “Evidence Based Dentistry” and “Pyramid of Evidence,” these methodological aspects are examined, resulting in recommendations for future research and TMD-occlusal therapy. Management. To assist the dental practitioner in his/her daily routine to meet the modern standards of best practice, 7 guidelines are formulated that are explained and accompanied with clinical examples for an evidence-based treatment of patients with this disorder in general dental practices.
Automated region growing for segmentation of brain lesion in diffusion-weighted MRI

This paper presents an automatic segmentation of brain lesions from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI or DWI) using region growing approach. The lesions are acute infarction, haemorrhage, tumour and abscess. Region splitting and merging is used to detect the lesion region. Then, histogram thresholding technique is applied to automate the seeds selection. The region is iteratively grown by comparing all unallocated neighbour pixels to the seeds. The difference between pixel’s intensity value and the region’s mean is used as the similarity measure. Evaluation is made for performance comparison between automatic and manual seeds selection. Overall, automated region growing algorithm provides comparable results with the semi-automatic segmentation.
Analyzing the Stimulus Control Acquisition in Simple Discrimination Tasks through Eye Movement

In order to investigate whether simultaneous or successive presentation of stimuli is related to the duration of eye fixation (i.e., the time spent gazing a specific stimulus), this study described the eye movements of young adults in simultaneous and successive simple discrimination tasks. Using 12 landscape scenes as visual stimuli, three participants were exposed to a simple discrimination training with simultaneously presented stimuli (Si Procedure) and then to a second simple discrimination training with successively presented stimuli (Su Procedure). Another three participants were exposed to the Procedure in the opposite order. In both cases, the learning criterion was that at least 90% of the responses should be correct in one block. Eye movements were recorded during the whole experiment. Participants achieved the learning criteria in both procedures. Beyond that, eye fixation time in the Su Procedure was higher than in the Si Procedure, regardless of the training sequence. Taken together with previous results in different experiments, our findings suggest that the duration of eye fixation plays a central role in the establishment of different stimulus control topographies.
High-Quality Disjoint and Overlapping Community Structure in Large-Scale Complex Networks

In this paper, we propose an improved version of an agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm that performs disjoint community detection in large-scale complex networks. The improved algorithm is achieved after replacing the local structural similarity used in the original algorithm, with the recently proposed Dynamic Structural Similarity. Additionally, the improved algorithm is extended to detect fuzzy and crisp overlapping community structure. The extended algorithm leverages the disjoint community structure generated by itself and the dynamic structural similarity measures, to compute a proposed membership probability function that defines the fuzzy communities. Moreover, an experimental evaluation is performed on reference benchmark graphs in order to compare the proposed algorithms with the state-of-the-art.
Ad5NULL-A20: A Tropism-Modified, αvβ6 Integrin-Selective Oncolytic Adenovirus for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Therapies

Purpose: Virotherapies are maturing in the clinical setting. Adenoviruses (Ad) are excellent vectors for the manipulability and tolerance of transgenes. Poor tumor selectivity, off-target sequestration, and immune inactivation hamper clinical efficacy. We sought to completely redesign Ad5 into a refined, tumor-selective virotherapy targeted to αvβ6 integrin, which is expressed in a range of aggressively transformed epithelial cancers but nondetectable in healthy tissues. Experimental Design: Ad5NULL-A20 harbors mutations in each major capsid protein to preclude uptake via all native pathways. Tumor-tropism via αvβ6 targeting was achieved by genetic insertion of A20 peptide (NAVPNLRGDLQVLAQKVART) within the fiber knob protein. The vector's selectivity in vitro and in vivo was assessed. Results: The tropism-ablating triple mutation completely blocked all native cell entry pathways of Ad5NULL-A20 via coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), αvβ3/5 integrins, and coagulation factor 10 (FX). Ad5NULL-A20 efficiently and selectively transduced αvβ6+ cell lines and primary clinical ascites-derived EOC ex vivo, including in the presence of preexisting anti-Ad5 immunity. In vivo biodistribution of Ad5NULL-A20 following systemic delivery in non–tumor-bearing mice was significantly reduced in all off-target organs, including a remarkable 107-fold reduced genome accumulation in the liver compared with Ad5. Tumor uptake, transgene expression, and efficacy were confirmed in a peritoneal SKOV3 xenograft model of human EOC, where oncolytic Ad5NULL-A20–treated animals demonstrated significantly improved survival compared with those treated with oncolytic Ad5. Conclusions: Oncolytic Ad5NULL-A20 virotherapies represent an excellent vector for local and systemic targeting of αvβ6-overexpressing cancers and exciting platforms for tumor-selective overexpression of therapeutic anticancer modalities, including immune checkpoint inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res; 24(17); 4215–24. ©2018 AACR.
What is the agronomic potential of biofertilizers for maize? A meta‐analysis

ABSTRACT Biofertilizers are promoted as a strategy for sustainable intensification of agriculture, but their efficacy varies widely among published studies and it is unclear whether they deliver the promised benefits. Studies are commonly conducted under controlled conditions prior to deployment in the field, yet the predictive value of such studies for field‐scale productivity has not been critically examined. A meta‐analysis was conducted using a novel host crop‐specific approach to evaluate the agronomic potential of bacterial biofertilizers for maize. Yield increases tended to be slightly higher and more variable in greenhouse studies using field soil than in the field, and greenhouse studies poorly predicted the influence of moderating climate, soil and taxonomic variables. We found greater efficacy of Azospirillum spp. and lower efficacy of Bacillus spp. and Enterobacter spp. under field conditions. Surprisingly, biofertilizer strains with confirmed plant‐growth‐promoting traits such as phosphorus solubilization, nitrogen fixation and phytohormone production in vitro were associated with lower yields in the field than strains not confirmed to possess these traits; only 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate deaminase synthesis increased yields. These results indicate the need for a novel biofertilizer development framework that integrates information from native soil microbial communities and prioritizes field validation of results.
Effects of prolonged copper exposure in the marine gulf toadfish ( Opsanus beta ) II : copper accumulation , drinking rate and Na + / K +-ATPase activity in osmoregulatory tissues

Gulf toadfish were exposed to sublethal levels of copper (12.8 or 55.2 M) for 30 days. Drinking in control fish averaged 1 ml kg−1 h−1 but exposure to 55.2 M copper resulted in a complex biophasic pattern with initial (3 h and 1 day) inhibition of drinking rate, followed by an elevation of drinking rate from day 3 onwards. Drinking led to copper accumulation in the intestinal fluids at levels three to five times higher than the ambient copper concentrations, which in turn resulted in intestinal copper accumulation. The gill exhibited more rapid accumulation of copper than the intestine and contributed to early copper uptake leading to accumulation in internal organs. Muscle, spleen and plasma exhibited little if any disturbance of copper homeostasis while renal copper accumulation was evident at both ambient copper concentrations. The liver exhibited the highest copper concentrations and the greatest copper accumulation of all examined internal organs during exposure to 55.2 M. Elevated biliary copper excretion was evident from measurements of gall bladder bile copper concentrations and appeared to protect partially against internal accumulation in fish exposed to 12.8 M copper. No inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase activity in either gills or intestine was seen despite copper accumulation in these organs. Calculations of inorganic copper speciation suggest that Cu(CO 3)22− complexes which dominate in seawater and intestinal fluids are of limited availability for uptake while the low levels of ionic Cu 2+, CuOH+ and CuCO3 may be the forms taken up by the gill and the intestinal epithelium. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Unusual shell anatomy and osteohistology in a new Late Cretaceous panchelid turtle from northwestern Patagonia, Argentina

Fil: de la Fuente, Marcelo Saul. Museo Municipal de Historia Natural San Rafael - Unidad Asociada al CCT Mendoza; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivologia, Glaciologia y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivologia, Glaciologia y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivologia, Glaciologia y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina