Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Remove the Residual Additives toward Enhanced Efficiency with Higher Reproducibility in Polymer Solar Cells

Undesirable efficiency reproducibility was sometimes observed in fabrication of high performance polymer solar cell devices incorporating high boiling point additives. The anomalous results originated from the slow drying of additives not only reduced the controllability of device performance but also impeded the studies of device physics and material design. How to remove the residual additives and achieve stable interface properties is crucial for both the academic and industrial community. Herein, we demonstrated that the morphological stability is enhanced and efficiency reproducibility is increased obviously from 7.07 ± 0.27% to 7.53 ± 0.12% after spin-coating inert solvents for the PBDTTT-C-T/PCBM system. The relationship between processing conditions and photovoltaic performance was well explored and demonstrated via multiple techniques including atomic force microscopy, Kelvin probe force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photospectroscopy. Most importantly, this method was s.
ANTIHYPERLIPAEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS AND METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS OF SCHWEINFURTHIA PAPILIONACEA A. BR. IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETES

Summary The present work was aimed at examining the antihyperlipaemic and antioxidant properties of Schweinfurthia papilionacea in STZ induced diabetic rats. Induction of diabetes resulted in si gnificant elevation of plasma and hepatic total lipid (TL), total choleste rol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein- cholesterol (VLDL-C) and atherogenic i ndex (AI) along with a fall in plasma high density lipoprotein- choleste rol (HDL-C) levels. Besides, diabetic rats also exhibited significantly higher concentrations of hepatic and renal tissue lipid peroxidation along w ith a reduction in the hepatic antioxidants- superoxide dismutase (SOD), c atalase (CAT) and total ascorbic acid (TAA). Administration of aqueou s and methanolic leaf extracts of S. papilionacea (150 and 300 mg/kg bw) to diabetic rats for a duration of one month resulted in significant decre ase in plasma and hepatic lipid profiles with an increase in plasma H DL- C levels. Further, hepatic and renal tissue lipid peroxidation also de creased significantly while increasing the hepatic antioxidant contents. The present study therefore clearly demonstrated that both aqueous an d methanolic leaf extracts of S. papilionacea possess antihyperlipiaemic and antioxidant potential and the methanolic extract at 300 mg/kg b w was more effective in reducing the diabetes induced hyperlipidemia com parable to that of an antidiabetic drug glibenclamide.
Alternative algebraic rate‐integration approach for progress‐curve analysis of enzyme kinetics

A recent article of Zavrel et al. in this journal (Eng. Life Sci. 2010, 10, 191–200) described a comparison of several computer programs for progress‐curve analysis with respect to different computational approaches for parameter estimation. The authors applied both algebraic and dynamic parameter estimations, although they omitted time‐course analysis through the integrated rate equation. Recently, it was demonstrated that progress‐curve analysis through the integrated rate equation can be considered a simple and useful alternative for enzymes that obey the generalized Michaelis–Menten reaction mechanism. To complete this gap, the time‐dependent solution of the generalized Michaelis–Menten equation is here fitted to the progress curves from the Zavrel et al. reference article. This alternative rate‐integration approach for determining the kinetics parameters of Michaelis–Menten‐type enzymes yields the values with the greatest accuracy, as compared with the results obtained by other (algebraic or dynamic) parameter estimations.
Microwave synthesis of LaCrO3

The synthesis of LaCrO 3 from a stoichiometric mixture of Cr 2 O 3 and La 2 O 3 powder by microwave irradiation was examined using a multi-mode 28 GHz microwave heating system. In the La 2 O 3 -Cr 2 O 3 system, Cr 2 O 3 strongly absorbs microwaves while La 2 O 3 is transparent to microwaves. The reaction proceeded rapidly and LaCrO 3 could be synthesised within 15 min of irradiation. Surprisingly, the temperature required for the microwave synthesis (440°C) is much lower than that for conventional synthesis (>1200°C) using an electric furnace. The effect of the partial pressure of oxygen in the microwave chamber on the formation of LnCrO 3 was investigated. The formation of LnCrO 3 is enhanced with increase in the partial pressure of oxygen for Ln=La and Nd, while opposite behavior is seen for Ln=Gd, Tb, Dy and Ho.
RAFT copolymerization of alginate-derived macromonomers – synthesis of a well-defined poly(HEMAm)-graft-(1→4)-α-L-guluronan copolymer capable of ionotropic gelation

The aqueous RAFT copolymerization of methacrylamide- and methacrylate-functionalized (1→4)-α-L-guluronan and (1→4)-β-D-mannuronan macromonomers with N-(2-hydroxyethyl)methacrylamide afforded synthetic-g-polysaccharide copolymers with a predetermined and well-defined molar mass (“grafting through” approach). One such polymer featuring guluronan graft chains of Xn = 21 was able to undergo ionotropic gelation in the presence of Ca2+ ions and to form a soft hydrogel in spite of the fairly low molar mass (Mn = 77 000 Da). The high yield synthesis of a new methacrylate-functionalized (1→4)-α-L-guluronan is also reported.
Corrosion behavior of SRB Desulfobulbus propionicus isolated from an Indian petroleum refinery on mild steel

In this study, Desulfobulbus propionicus (D. propionicus), a sulfate reducing bacterium (SRB) was isolated and identified in cooling towers by molecular biologic techniques. This bacterial species has been reported for the first time in the cooling towers of an Indian petroleum refinery. Corrosion behaviors were analyzed by electrochemical and weight loss methods. The high corrosion rate and the enhancement of anodic current in increased chloride environment was noticed in the presence of D. propionicus indicating that this SRB species enhances the pitting corrosion of mild steel. Propionate metabolism in H2S production is discussed as a new pathway of corrosion enhancement.
Template-free co-assembly of preformed Au and TiO2 nanoparticles into multicomponent 3D aerogels

The self-assembly properties of titania nanoparticles, which are strong enough to bridge several lengths scales, make it possible to use them as building blocks for aerogels. Controlled by their surface functionalization, the nanoparticles undergo an oriented attachment process during gelation, building up a 3-dimensional macroporous network. The presence of other nanoparticles in the initial reaction mixture results in the formation of multicomponent aerogels, offering a flexible tool to vary the composition of the gels and thus the chemical properties. Exemplarily this is shown by the co-assembly of titania with gold nanoparticles, leading to a Au–TiO2 composite aerogel with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light.
The Lewis-base behavior of Bunsen's cacodyl disulfide, Me2As(S) S AsMe2, toward molecular halides of group 13

Molecular halides of group 13 in chloroform solutions interact but do not split Bunsen's cacodyl disulfide, Me2As(S)‒S‒AsMe2. With BF3 · Et2O cacodyl disulfide gives an equilibrated mixture of Me2As(S)‒S‒AsMe2 and Me2As‒SS‒AsMe2, whereas AlCl3 causes complete isomerization to Me2As‒SS‒AsMe2 which is stabilized by complexation to AlCl3. GaCl3 and InCl3 do not isomerize Me2As(S)‒S‒AsMe2 but only bind to it. Thallium(III) acetate, splits Me2As(S)‒S‒AsMe2 giving initially the unstable thallium(III) complex, (Me2AsS2)3Tl, which is spontaneously converted to Me2AsS2Tl. The electrons for the reduction Tl(III) → Tl(I) most likely come from two of the ‒ − sulfur anions bound to the initially formed (Me2AsS2)3Tl.
LOCALIZATION OF ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT IN RAT MAST CELLS DEMONSTRATED BY LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC RADIOAUTOGRAPHY

In order to demonstrate the intracellular localization of anti-allergic agent in rat mast cells, 3H-labeled Tranilast, N-(3', 4'-dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranilic acid was studied by both light and electron microscopic radio-autography.The peritoneal mast cells of several Wistar strain rats were collected and incubated in vitro with Tranilast (100μM) after sensitization with IgE and challenging with an antigen, demonstrating the inhibition of degranulation by type I allergic reaction. Then, the peritoneal mast cells were incubated in vitro with 3H-Tranilast (100μCi/ml) for varying time intervals from 0 to 60min and the cell pellets were fixed, embedded and processed for light and electron microscopic radioautography. Light microscopic radioautograms revealed that silver grains were localized over the cytoplasm. Electron microscopic radioautograms revealed that silver grains were localized over and around the granules. The number of silver grains increased according to the prolongation of incubation time.Several rats were administered orally with 3H-Tranilast (53μCi/gm body weight). They were sacrificed at various time intervals and the back skins were taken out, fixed, embedded and processed for light and electron microscopic radioautography. Silver grains were observed to localize over the subcutaneous tissues, especially concentrating over the mast cells.From the results, it is concluded that 3H-Tranilast was rapidly taken into mast cells in both in vitro and in vivo and it inhibited degranulation of type I allergic reaction.
Formulation and Evaluation of Sustained Release Matrix Tablets of Ciprofloxacin HCL Using Gum Kondagogu and Chitosan as Matrix Forming Polymers

The purpose of the present study was to design sustained release matrix tablets of Ciprofloxacin HCl with natural polymers (gum kondagogu and chitosan). Various formulations of Ciprofloxacin HCl, gum kondagogu (GK) and chitosan (CS) in different proportions were prepared by direct compression process. The pre-formulation studies such as angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index and Hausner’s ratio was evaluated for powdered blend, the formulated tablets were evaluated for thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, swelling behaviour. All parameters were within the acceptable limits. IR spectral analysis showed there were no interactions between drug and polymer . The in-vitro dissolution study proved that as the polymer ratio is increased, then release of the drug is prolonged due to electrostatic interactions between carboxyl group of GK and amine group of CS. The drug release data obtained were extrapolated by Zero order, First order, Higuchi matrix, Hixson-Crowell’s, Korsmeyer Peppa’s equations. The in-vitro release profile of drug from CGC-1 to CGC-4 formulations could be best expressed by Zero order and Korsmeyer Peppa’s equation as the plots showed highest linearity. It confers drug release is by diffusion.
ULTIMATE DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES

ONE of the challenging new problems which has come into being with the rather sudden outgrowth of the atomic energy industry from the laboratory stage is concerned with the ultimate disposition of the radioactive wastes or by-products of that industry. The splitting of the uranium atom or other fuel used in nuclear chain reactors gives rise to the formation of a number of other elements, or fission products, most of which are radioactive. These fission products, with a few exceptions, re main confined in the nuclear fuel itself and act as poisons on the subse quent reactions, in that they absorb some of the neutrons otherwise available for splitting more of the fuel element. Thus they are classified as waste products and must periodically be separated from the fuel. While it has become common knowledge that the amount of energy released in the fission process is fantastic with respect to the amount of fuel involved, it is not so widely recognized that the nuclear energy resid ing in the fission products immediately after fission is about five per cent of that total amount [i]. Thus, despite the initial rapid decay of much of this active material to a non-radioactive form, when and where that* re maining energy would ultimately be released to the physical and bio logical environment may become a matter of great importance to man kind. We shall have no control whatsoever over the time or rate at which these energy dissipations occur, but it may be possible to exert a very effective control over the conditions under which these highly ener getic events will take place. In short, we can plan to isolate or disperse the radioactive waste materials in such a way that by all reasonable standards they would not be harmful to living things. The essence of the radioactive waste disposal problem, therefore, is to determine in advance how such an objective could best be achieved, and whether the basic re quirements, once defined and met, could be fulfilled over long periods of time? for some hundreds of years, at least. Thus emphasized, the factor of time or permanence would be of the greatest importance. As a background for any serious analysis of the radioactive waste dis posal problem, meaning always the atoms themselves, some hypothetical course of events presumed to outline the subsequent history of these radioactive wastes must be charted centuries in advance if man is going to be in a position to secure any effective control over these long-lived products of his own making. Just as the course of decay of a radioactive substance must be known in order to calculate the proportionate amount remaining at some future time, so also the subsequent physical and chem 410
Pesticide Effect on Acetylene Reduction and Modulation by Soybean and Lima Bean

The influence of 12 pesticides on acetylene reduction (N 2 fixation) and modulation of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill cv. Williams 82) and lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L. cv. Geneva) was evaluated. All pesticides except diazinon were found to be harmless to nitrogen fixation at 3× the manufacturer's recommended rate, Diazinon significantly decreased C 2H2 reduction of soybean 2 days after application, but not after 7 days or at normal label rates, Acetylene reduction of excised nodules imbibed with diazinon indicated that the chemical may have affected nitrogenase function directly. Soybean nodule counts were significantly decreased by application of 3× rates of methomyl and trifluralin, whereas lima bean nodule counts were decreased only by trifluralin. Tritluralin also depressed soybean modulation at label rates, but had no effect on lima bean modulation. Methomyl was innocuous to soybean modulation at the recommended label rate. Both chemicals were nontoxic to Bradyrhizobium/Rhizobium sp. based on a disc inhibition study. Chemical names used: O,O -diethyl O -(2iso- propyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidinyl phosphorothiote (diazinon); S-Methul- N -((methylcarbamoyl)oxy)-thioacetimidate (methomyl); a,a,a -Trifluoro-2-6dinitro- N-N -dipropyl-p-toluidine (triflnralin).
The Organic–Synthetic Potential of Recombinant Ene Reductases: Substrate‐Scope Evaluation and Process Optimization

In this study an evaluation of the synthetic potential of a broad range of recombinant ene reductases was performed. In detail, a library of 23 ene reductases was used to screen the CC reduction of 21 activated alkenes from different compound classes as substrates. The chosen set of substrates comprises nitroalkenes with an aryl substituent at the β‐position and a methyl substituent at the α‐ or β‐position, α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids and their esters with and without substituents at the β‐position, a range of cyclic α,β‐unsaturated ketones with different ring sizes and substitution patterns and one α,β‐unsaturated boronic acid. After we obtained insight into the substrate scope, several biotransformations were prioritised and further investigated in a screening of 41 reaction parameters (which included chaotropic and kosmotropic salts, polyols, buffer solutions, amino acids and organic solvents) towards their impact on the activity and enantioselectivity of the applied ene reductases. Under the optimised conditions, selected reduction processes were performed on an increased lab scale (up to 30 mL) with up to 10 % substrate concentration, which led in general to both high conversion and (if chiral products were formed) enantioselectivity.
Microwave-assisted solution-phase preparation of flower-like Bi2WO6 and its visible-light-driven photocatalytic properties

We report here the preparation of flower-like Bi2WO6via a simple, rapid, microwave-assisted solution-phase process. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were employed to characterize the phase and morphologies of the products. The time-dependent experiments showed an Ostwald ripening mechanism in the crystal growth process. The as-prepared Bi2WO6 was able to efficiently degrade Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. Calcination was found to decrease the photocatalytic performance of flower-like Bi2WO6.
2-Amino-5-hydroxy-4-phenyl-7-methyl-4H(1-chromeno-3-carbonitrile as a key precursor for the synthesis of several chromene based heterocyclic systems

Synthesis of 2-amino-5-hydroxy-4-phenyl-7-methylchromeno-3-carbonitrile. 1 obtained by the reaction of 5-methyl resorcinol and benzylidine mal onitrile used in synthetic routes to several heterocyclic compounds containing pyrimidine, pyridine, chromene, oxazine, thiazine and pyrrol by reaction of 1 with various reagents such as formamide, formic ac id, phenylisothiocyanate, urea, thiourea, semicarbazide thiosemicarbazide to give chromenopyrimidine derivatives 2, 3, 4, 9, 10 a,b , 11 a,b respectively. The reaction of 1 with acetic anhydride under different conditions t o give 5, 6, 7 followed by reactions with hydrazine hydrates, for mamide, hydroxylamine hydrochloride to give chromenopyrimidine derivatives 8a-c. The interaction between 1 with cyclohexane, malonitrile, carbon disulfide gave 12, 13, 14 which was cyclised to give thiazine 15 and the O-alkylation of 1 by using ethylbromoacetate or chloroacetonitrile t o give 16 a,b and chromenopyrrol derivatives 17 .
The SmCPA phase in five‐ring bent‐core compounds derived from 5‐methoxyisophthalic acid

The synthesis and mesophase characterization of a homologous series of five‐ring bent‐core compounds derived from 5‐methoxyisophthalic acid are described. Most of the compounds exhibit a polar antiferroelectric smectic C phase. Replacement of the terminal n‐alkoxy chains by n‐alkyl carboxylate groups, not only destabilizes the formation of mesophases but induces a calamitic mesophase. However, extension of the arms of the bent‐core molecule by a phenyl moiety stabilizes the switchable phase. The mesophases were investigated using a combination of polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction and electro‐optical methods.
New developments in liquid chromatography massspectrometry for the determination of micropollutants

The combination of liquid chromatography (LC) with mass spectrometry (MS) in the environmental field has appeared as a valuable tool for the determination of micropollutants. Several groups of compounds have been considered as particularly relevant (e.g., pharmaceuticals, hormones and other endocrine-disrupting, personal care products and their metabolites, flame retardants, surfactants, and plasticizers, among others) since the same ones are continuously being released in the environment mainly as a result of the manufacturing processes, the disposal of unused or expired products, and the excreta. Because these micropollutants are not completely removed in the environment, very specific and sensitive analytical procedures are needed for their identification and quantification. High performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (or LC-MS2) and especially time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF/MS), has allowed that many environmental contaminants that are highly polar or nonvolatile or have a high molecular weight to be analyzed or identified. In this work we present an overview focused on the developments of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry applied to the analysis of the main classes of micropollutants in aqueous and solid environmental samples. Various aspects of methodologies based on these techniques, including sample preparation (extraction/preconcentration) and matrix effects, are discussed.
Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide in vitro and in vivo Using Peroxalate Chemiluminescent Micelles

Hydrogen peroxide plays a key role as a second messenger in the normal cellular signaling but its overproduction has been implicated in various life-threatening diseases. Peroxalate chemiluminescence is the light emission from a three component reaction between peroxalate, hydrogen peroxide and fluorophores. It has proven great potential as a methodology to detect hydrogen peroxide in physiological environments because of its excellent sensitivity and specificity to hydrogen peroxide. We developed chemiluminescent micelles composed of amphiphilic polymers, peroxalate and fluorescent dyes to detect hydrogen peroxide at physiological concentrations. In this work, we studied the relationship between the chemiluminescence reactivity and stability of peroxalate by varying the substitutes on the aryl rings of peroxalate. Alkyl substitutes on the aryl ring of peroxalate increased the stability against water hydrolysis, but diminished the reactivity to hydrogen peroxide. Chemiluminescent micelles encapsulating diphenyl peroxalate showed significantly higher chemiluminescence intensity than the counterpart encapsulating dimethylphenyl or dipropylphenyl peroxalate. Diphenyl peroxalate-encapsulated micelles could detect hydrogen peroxide generated from macrophage cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and image hydrogen peroxide generated during LPS-induced inflammatory responses in a mouse.
Organic nanoparticle of 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene: a novel electrochemiluminescence emitter for sensory detection of amines

Organic nanoparticles of 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (BPA) with an average particle size of about 40 nm have been prepared via a reprecipitation method. The BPA nanoparticles exhibit strong and stable electrogenerated chemiluminescence emission with a high sensitivity to detect tri(n-propyl)amine and creatinine in a wide linear range with a low detection limit.
Broadside-coupled triangular split-ring-resonators for terahertz sensing

In this study, broadside-coupled triangular split-ring-resonators are designed and simulated as THz sensors. Their double-side sensing capability provides sensitivity enhancement compared with singlesided sensors. The material to be detected is modeled as an over-layer on the structure. The ensuing change of the transmission resonances is investigated as a function in the thickness and permittivity of the substrate and of the one- or two-sided over-layer. The propagation direction of the incident wave also allows to select the excited mode (via the polarization of the radiation) which provides additional flexibility to the proposed sensor device by the possibility to operate it over a larger frequency range. Overall, the polarization dependency of the structure, the double-side sensing and the high sensitivity make such structures attractive as THz sensors.