Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Thyrotropin b -Subunit Gene Is Repressed by Thyroid Hormone in a Novel Thyrotrope Cell Line, Mouse T a T1 Cells*

TSHisexpressedintwopopulationsofthyrotropesinthepituitary: oneintheparsdistalisandasecondintheparstuberalis.ParsdistalisthyrotropesexhibitclassicalendocrineinhibitionofTSHbythyroidhormone,whereasparstuberalisthyrotropesdonot.ThemajorityofourunderstandingofTSHsubunitgeneregulationhascomefromstudiesconductedindispersedpituitary,dispersedthyrotropictu-mors,ortheGH 3 somatolactotrope cell line. However, the dispersed pituitary model is limited because of its inherent heterogeneity, thyrotropic tumors are difficult to grow and maintain, and the GH 3 cells lack endogenous TSH expression. The recent derivation of a clonal thyrotrope cell line, T a T1, that expresses thyrotrope-specific mark-ers,overcomestheselimitations.However,becauseitwasnotpossibletodistinguishwhetherthetumorfromwhichtheT a T1 cells are derived originated in the pars distalis or the pars tuberalis, it was necessary to define their cellular origin and thereby establish their status as representative thyrotrope cells for future molecular studies. In this study, we demonstrate that the T a T1 cells express thyroid hormone receptors ( b 1 and b 2) and their heterodimeric partner, retinoid X receptor- g . Treatment with T 3 causes a dose- and time-de- pendent decrease in the expression of the TSH b -subunit messenger RNA. In contrast to previous reports in rat pituitary cultures, T 3 does not alter TSH b -subunit messenger RNA stability in the T a T1 cells. Based on these data and the presence of thyrotrope-specific isoforms of the transcription factor Pit-1, we conclude that the T a T1 cells represent differentiated thyrotropes of the pars distalis and will be a useful model system for future analysis of the cis - and trans -acting factors necessary for thyrotrope-specific and thyroid hormone-regu- lated TSH gene expression. ( Endocrinology 139: 4476–4482, 1998)
Improving HIV-2 Detection by a Combination of Serological and Nucleic Acid Ampliﬁcation Test Assays (cid:1)

The ability to detect HIV-2 and to discriminate between HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections was evaluated in 46 serum samples from Guinea-Bissau (GB) and Guinea-Conakry (GC) using serological tests and commercial (HIV-1) and in-house (HIV-2) real-time PCR assays. Samples were ﬁrst identiﬁed as HIV-2 positive by Genie I/II assay in GB and GC. HIV positivity was detected in 44 of 46 samples by all screening and conﬁrmatory assays. A diagnostic strategy based on Inno-LIA and HIV-1/2 RNA detection assays allowed accurate discrim- ination between HIV-1 and HIV-2 in 84% of single infections and conﬁrmed 32% of double infections. In samples with double reactivity in the Inno-LIA test and no detection of both genomes, cross-reactivity likely hampered the identiﬁcation of true double infections. In conclusion, the implementation of a diagnostic strategy, based on multiple speciﬁc serological tests and highly sensitive quantitative PCR assays, is recom- mended to ensure accurate HIV-2 diagnosis and appropriate therapy for individuals from areas in which the virus is
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Mining Diversity on Social Media Networks Mining Diversity on Social Media Networks

The fast development of multimedia technology and increasing availability of network bandwidth has given rise to an abundance of network data as a result of all the ever-booming social media and social websites in recent years, e.g., Flickr, Youtube, MySpace, Facebook, etc. Social network analysis has therefore become a critical problem attracting enthusiasm from both academia and industry. However, an important measure that captures a participant’s diversity in the network has been largely neglected in previous studies. Namely, diversity characterizes how diverse a given node connects with its peers. In this paper, we give a comprehensive study of this concept. We first lay out two criteria that capture the semantic meaning of diversity, and then propose a compliant definition which is simple enough to embed the idea. Based on the approach, we can measure not only a user’s sociality and interest diversity but also a social media’s user diversity. An efficient top-k diversity ranking algorithm is developed for computation on dynamic networks. Experiments on both synthetic and real social media datasets give interesting results, where individual nodes identified with high diversities are intuitive.
Metallo- (cid:2) -Lactamases: the Quiet before the Storm?

INTRODUCTION . 306 CLASSIFICATION OF MBLs . 307 CHROMOSOMALLY ENCODED MBLs . 308 GENETIC APPARATUS OF TRANSFERABLE MBLs . 308 BIOCHEMISTRY OF MBLs.309 TRANSFERABLE MBLs . 310 IMP-Type MBLs . 310 VIM-Type MBLs . 313 SPM-1.316 GIM-1 . 316 EXPERIMENTAL INHIBITORS OF MBLs.316 DETECTION OF MBLs . 318 TREATMENT OF INFECTIONS WITH MBL-POSITIVE GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA.319 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MBLs: NOW AND IN THE FUTURE . 320 CONCLUSION.320 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . 321 REFERENCES . 321
Using Monoclonal Antibodies Functional Analysis of TRAIL Receptors

mAbs were generated against the extracellular domain of the four known TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors and tested on a panel of human melanoma cell lines. The speciﬁcity of the mAb permitted a precise evaluation of the TRAIL receptors that induce apoptosis (TRAIL-R1 and -R2) compared with the TRAIL receptors that potentially regulate TRAIL-mediated apoptosis (TRAIL-R3 and -R4). Immobilized anti-TRAIL-R1 or -R2 mAbs were cytotoxic to TRAIL-sensitive tumor cells, whereas tumor cells resistant to recombinant TRAIL were also resistant to these mAbs and only became sensitive when cultured with actinomycin D. The anti-TRAIL-R1 and -R2 mAb-induced death was characterized by the activation of intracellular caspases, which could be blocked by carbobenzyloxy-Val-Ala-Asp (OMe) ﬂuoromethyl ketone (zVAD-fmk) and carbobenzyloxy-Ile-Glu(OMe)-Thr-Asp (OMe) ﬂuoromethyl ketone (zIETD-fmk). When used in solution, one of the anti-TRAIL-R2 mAbs was capable of blocking leucine zipper-human TRAIL binding to TRAIL-R2-expressing cells and prevented TRAIL-induced death of these cells, whereas two of the anti-TRAIL-R1 mAbs could inhibit leucine zipper-human TRAIL binding to TRAIL-R1:Fc. Furthermore, use of the blocking anti-TRAIL-R2 mAb allowed us to demonstrate that the signals transduced through either TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2 were necessary and sufﬁcient to mediate cell death. In contrast, the expression of TRAIL-R3 or TRAIL-R4 did not appear to be a signiﬁcant factor in determining the resistance
Vascular endothelial cell-derived endothelin-1 mediates vascular inﬂammation and neointima formation following blood ﬂow cessation

Aims Although endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of neointima formation and atherosclerosis, the individual roles of ET-1 derived from certain cell types in this disease remain unclear. In this study, we determined the role of vascular endothelial ET-1 on vascular inﬂammation and neointima formation using vascular endothelial ET-1-knockout [ET-1 f/f ; Tie2-Cre ( þ )] mice. Methods and results Intimal hyperplasia was induced by complete ligation of the left carotid artery in 12-week-old male ET-1 f/f ;Tie2-Cre ( þ ) mice ( n ¼ 35) and the wild-type (WT) littermates ( n ¼ 34). Following this intervention, neointima formation was reduced in ET-1 f/f ;Tie2-Cre ( þ ) mice compared with the WT mice, independent of the difference in blood pressure. This reduction was associated with a decrease in inﬂammatory cell recruitment to the vessel wall, which was accompanied by reduced expression levels of endothelial adhesion molecules as well as chemokines and a decrease in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Conclusion The results of our study provide direct evidence for the role of vascular endothelial ET-1 in mediating vascular inﬂammation and neointima formation following vascular injury in addition to pro- moting vasoconstriction and cell proliferation. Furthermore, this study suggests a strategy for the efﬁcient design of ETreceptor antagonists with targeted inhibition of ET-1 signalling in vascular endothelial cells.
Efﬁcient Production of L -Lactic Acid from Xylose by Pichia stipitis (cid:1)

Microbial conversion of renewable raw materials to useful products is an important objective in industrial biotechnology. Pichia stipitis , a yeast that naturally ferments xylose, was genetically engineered for L -( (cid:1) )-lactate production. We constructed a P. stipitis strain that expressed the L -lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from Lacto- bacillus helveticus under the control of the P. stipitis fermentative ADH1 promoter. Xylose, glucose, or a mixture of the two sugars was used as the carbon source for lactate production. The constructed P. stipitis strain produced a higher level of lactate and a higher yield on xylose than on glucose. Lactate accumulated as the main product in xylose-containing medium, with 58 g/liter lactate produced from 100 g/liter xylose. Relatively efﬁcient lactate production also occurred on glucose medium, with 41 g/liter lactate produced from 94 g/liter glucose. In the presence of both sugars, xylose and glucose were consumed simultaneously and converted predominantly to lactate. Lactate was produced at the expense of ethanol, whose production decreased to (cid:2) 15 to 30% of the wild-type level on xylose-containing medium and to 70 to 80% of the wild-type level on glucose-containing medium. Thus, LDH competed efﬁciently with the ethanol pathway for pyruvate, even though the pathway from pyruvate to ethanol was intact. Our results show, for the ﬁrst time, that lactate production from xylose by a yeast species is feasible and efﬁcient. This is encouraging for further development of yeast-based bioprocesses to produce lactate from lignocellulosic raw material. g/liter g/liter 47 g/liter (YNBD-47) 49 g/liter xylose (YNBX-49) were prepared . The were incubated at 30°C at 100 rpm in 250-ml Erlenmeyer ﬂasks containing 50 ml medium. Two experiments each were carried out with all four ldhL transformants (single ﬂasks) in YNBX-51 and YNBD-54 and with two transformants (in duplicate) in YNBDX-97. One experiment each with two transformants, VTT-C-04590 and -05789, in duplicate was conducted in YNBX- 101, YNBD-94, YNBD-47, and YNBX-49.
Exercise and Pharmacological Treatment of Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: Results from the UPBEAT Study

OBJECTIVE— To assess the efficacy of exercise and antidepressant medication in reducing depressive symptoms and improving cardiovascular biomarkers in depressed patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). BACKGROUND— Although there is good evidence that clinical depression is associated with poor prognosis, optimal therapeutic strategies are currently not well-defined. METHODS— 101 outpatients with CHD and elevated depressive symptoms underwent assessment of depression including a psychiatric interview and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Participants were randomized to 4 months of aerobic exercise (3 times/ week), sertraline (50-200 mg/day), or placebo. Additional assessments of cardiovascular biomarkers included measures of heart rate variability (HRV), endothelial function, baroreflex sensitivity, inflammation, and platelet function. RESULTS— After 16 weeks, all groups showed improvement on HAM-D scores. Participants in both aerobic exercise (M= −7.5 [95% CI = −9.8, −5.0]) and sertraline (M= −6.1 [95% CI = −8.4, improve cardiovascular biomarkers suggests that they may have a beneficial effect on clinical outcomes as well as quality of life.
Implementation of Various Spectrum Sensing Algorithms in Cognitive Radio Network

— Spectrum sensing is a crucial task in Cognitive Radio networks. In this network some frequency bands are allocated for primary users. Secondary user can detect the unlicensed spectrum bands which are called white spaces without disturbing the primary user. The Common control channel, Channel estimation, Joint sensing and spectrum access, the location information are the other challenges of CR networks. To reuse the spectrum, spectrum sensing is necessary and several techniques available for spectrum sensing based on band of interest [2]. In this paper, Basis Pursuit(BP) and Orthogonal Matching Pursuit(OMP) algorithms are used for signal reconstruction[1]. All the simulations are carried out using MATLAB.
bor Gene of Phage (cid:108) , Involved in Serum Resistance, Encodes a Widely Conserved Outer Membrane Lipoprotein

bor is one of two recently identiﬁed genes of phage (cid:108) which are expressed during lysogeny and whose products display homology to bacterial virulence proteins. bor is closely related to the iss locus of plasmid ColV,I-K94, which promotes bacterial resistance to serum complement killing in vitro and virulence in animals. bor has a similar in vitro effect. We show here that the bor gene product is a lipoprotein located in the Escherichia coli outer membrane. We also ﬁnd that antigenically related proteins are expressed by lysogens of a number of other lambdoid coliphage, in cells carrying the cloned iss gene, and in several clinical isolates of E. coli . These results demonstrate that bor sequences are widespread and present a starting point for mechanistic analysis of bor -mediated serum resistance. were performed as described previously (15), and peptide-carrier conjugates were used as immunogens. Immunizations and bleeds of rabbits were by Pocono Rabbit Farm, Inc. Sera were diluted and assayed for speciﬁc Bor reactivity by Western blotting (immunoblotting). Preliminary experiments (not shown) indicated that antisera detected a 10- to 11-kDa protein in (cid:108) lysogens of AB1157 but not in nonlysogens or strains carrying bor ::Tn phoA fusions. Western blotting. Immunodetection of nonlabeled proteins in whole-cell ly- sates was performed after transfer to nitrocellulose membranes (21). Typically 10 (cid:109) g of whole-cell protein was separated on a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)–10 to 15% polyacrylamide gel, which was then electroblotted onto a nitrocellulose ﬁlter (0.2- (cid:109) m pore size; Schleicher & Schuell) in transfer buffer containing 25 mM Tris HCl (pH 8.3), 0.1% SDS, 0.2 M glycine, and 20% methanol for 12 to 18 h at 4 (cid:56) C at 4-V constant voltage. Filters were washed brieﬂy with H 2 O, and nonspeciﬁc binding sites were blocked by incubation in a 3% solution of bovine serum albumin (fraction 5; Sigma) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; 0.15 M NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 4.3 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 1.4 mM KH 2 PO 4 [pH 7.5]) at room temperature for 30 to 60 min. Filters were then incubated with primary antisera
GraphAne: From Synthesis to Applications

Atomically thin crystals have recently been the focus of attention in particular after the synthesis of graphene, a monolayer hexagonal crystal structure of carbon. In this novel material class the chemically derived graphenes have attracted tremendous interest. It was shown that although bulk graphite is a chemically inert material, the surface of single layer graphene is rather reactive against individual atoms. So far, synthesis of several graphene derivatives have been reported such as hydrogenated graphene "graphane" (CH), fluorographene (CF) and chlorographene (CCl). Moreover, the stability of bromine and iodine covered graphene were predicted using computational tools. Among these derivatives, easy synthesis, insulating electronic behavior and reversibly tunable crystal structure of graphane make this material special for future ultra-thin device applications. This overview, surveys structural, electronic, magnetic, vibrational and mechanical properties of graphane. We also present a detailed overview of research efforts devoted to the computational modeling of graphane and its derivatives. Furthermore recent progress in synthesis techniques and possible applications of graphane are reviewed as well.
In-vitro Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Sandalwood ( Santalum Album )

Santalum album commonly known as Sandalwood is used traditionally for health and wellness. It is an evergreen and hemi-parasitic tree and has a long history in Indian religious rituals and traditional Chinese medicine. Due to its wide application in cosmetics and therapeutics, we have done this study to explore the possibility of using aqueous extract of S. album as antibacterial and antioxidant agent . The S. album extract was prepared in distilled water. The activity of aqueous extract was evaluated against eight bacterial pathogens including two strains of Escherichia coli , one each of Klebsiella pneumoniae , Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Aeromonas species and Klebsiella oxytoca. The anti-oxidant activity was analyzed by two most common radical scavenging assays of FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and DPPH (1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). Results showed that S. album had strongest inhibitory activity against S. aureus (MTCC 902) i.e. 87% whereas; it showed no inhibition against E.coli (ATCC 25922) and B. subtilis (MTCC736). The S. album extract showed DPPH radical scavenging activity in a concentration–dependent manner with maximum scavenging of 64% in presence of 500μl of aqueous extract. The FRAP assay also proved antioxidant potential of S. album with the highest value of 0.628mM at 200μl of aqueous extract.
Characterization of Aspergillus fumigatus mitochondrial acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase as an 1 antifungal target 2

Ergosterol plays an important role in maintaining cell membrane sterol homeostasis in fungi, and 18 as such, is considered as an effective target in antifungal chemotherapy. In yeast, the enzyme 19 acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ERG10) catalyzes the Claisen condensation of two acetyl-CoA 20 molecules to acetoacetyl-CoA in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway and is reported critical for 21 cell viability. Using yeast ERG10 for alignment, two orthologues Af ERG10A (AFUB_000550) and 22 Af ERG10B (AFUB_083570) were discovered in opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus 23 fumigatus . Despite the essentiality of Af ERG10B has been previously validated, the biological 24 function of Af ERG10A remains unclear. In this study, we have characterized recombinant 25 Af ERG10A as a functional acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase catalyzing both synthetic and degradative 26 reactions. Unexpectedly, Af ERG10A localizes to mitochondria in A. fumigatus as shown by C - 27 terminal GFP-tag fusion. Both knockout and inducible promoter strategies demonstrate that 28 Aferg10A is essential for the survival of A. fumigatus . Reduced expression of Aferg10A leads to 29 severe morphological defects and increased susceptibility to oxidative and cell wall stresses. 30 Although the catalytic mechanism of acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase family is highly conserved, the 31 crystal structure of Af ERG10A and its complex with CoA are solved revealing four substitutions 32 within the CoA binding site that are different from human orthologues. Taken together, our 33 combination of genetic and structural studies demonstrates that mitochondrial Af ERG10A is 34 essential for A. fumigatus cell viability and could be a potential drug target to feed antifungal drug 35 development pipeline. Af Erg10A and Af Erg10B. However, the biological function of Af Erg10A is yet to be investigated. In 44 this study, we showed that Af Erg10A is localized in the mitochondria, and is essential for A. 45 fumigatus survival and morphological development. In combination with structural studies we 46 validated Af Erg10A as a potential drug target that will facilitate the development of novel 47 antifungals and improve the efficiency of existing drugs.
Design and Implementation of EMB System

—The EMB(Electric Mechanical Brake) system is replacing the former hydrodynamic brake system. A brake system is a nonlinear system which applies a different compressive force depending on the position of the brake pad. The EMB system operates the brake by the motor instead of the hydrodynamic system. So the new design of brake caliper and the development of the motor controller and the invertor are needed. The gap between the pads shall be controlled exactly to operate an accurate force control. The new algorithm to compensate the pad abrasion and the disk abrasion is needed. In this paper, the mechanical part are designed to operate the brake and the EMB controller are designed and implemented with a motor controller and an inverter. The EMB controller model is verified by the MATLAB. The initialization algorithm is developed to compensate the pad abrasion and the backlash of the gear to make the same gap between the disk and the pad. The suggested algorithm detects the pad gap equally and the force depending on the pad gap is measured consistently.
Organizational media affordances: Operationalization and associations with

The concept of affordances has been increasingly applied to the study of ICTs in organizational contexts. However, almost no research operationalizes affordances, limiting comparisons and programmatic research. This paper briefly reviews conceptualizations and possibilities of affordances in general and for media, then introduces the concept of organizational media affordances as organizational resources. Analysis of survey data from a large Nordic media organization identified six reliable and valid organizational media affordances: pervasiveness, editability, self-presentation, searchability, visibility, and awareness. Eight media scales based on frequency of use of 10 media within each of three organization levels were differentially associated with these affordances. The conceptualization, measurement approach, and results from this study provide the foundation for considerable future organizational communication and ICT research.
LM Tests for Functional Form and Spatial Correlation

This paper derives Lagrangian Multiplier tests to jointly test for functional form and spatial error correlation. In particular, this paper tests for linear and loglinear models with no spatial error dependence against a more general Box-Cox model with spatial error correlation. Conditional LM tests and modified Rao-Score tests that guard against local misspecification are also derived. These tests are easy to implement and are illustrated using Anselin's (1988) crime data. The performance of these tests are also compared using Monte Carlo experiments.
Preparation of the F ‐ SiO 2 / MXene Superhydrophobic Coating Scheme

Superhydrophobic surfaces have great potential for self‐cleaning, anti‐icing, and drag‐ reducing because of their water repellency property. However, their super‐hydrophobicity is de‐ stroyed under mechanical abrasion due to the vulnerability of the delicate surface textures. Here, we demonstrate a strategy to create a robust superhydrophobic surface using MXene and fluori‐ dated silica as functional fillers in epoxy resin. The fluoridated silica produces low surface energy, MXene serves as a wear‐resistant phase and epoxy resin is the binding matrix. The composite coat‐ ing demonstrates a self‐cleaning effect to remove particles from the superhydrophobic surface by rolling water droplets. Moreover, the coating exhibits excellent mechanical durability by standing abrasion to maintain super‐hydrophobicity. The superhydrophobic composite coating has the ad‐ vantages of low cost and feasibility and has the potential for expandable industrial promotion.