Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm for Segmenting Sentence level Text

Text segmentation is designed to group documents with high levels of similarity. It has found applications in several fields of text mining and data retrieval. The digital data accessible nowadays has steadily grown in tremendous volume and retrieving useful information from that is quite challenge. Text clustering has discovered an important usage to organize information and to extract useful information from the available corpus. In this proposed system , we have method for clustering the text documents. In the initial phase characteristics are choosen using a preprocessing based method. In the next phase the extracted keywords are clustered by means of hybrid algorithm.In this proosed work, graph based Fuzzy EM framework is implemented to cluster the sentences with the corpus. Experimental results show proposed approach has better performance in terms of cluster rate and time are concern.
Differential Gene Transcription in Red Oak (Quercus rubra) Genotypes Resistant to Copper Toxicity

Toxicity of metals is a major abiotic stressor of plants. Copper (Cu) is one of the most abundant metals in soils from the Greater Sudbury Region (GSR) due to its mining history. Recent studies have described several transporters and chelating proteins involved in copper resistance. Quercus rubra (Red Oak) is a common species that grows in metal contaminated soils in Northern Ontario (Canada). The main objectives of this study were1) to evaluate the toxicity of copper to Q. rubrum plants and 2) assess the level of transcriptionof genes associated with copper resistance (RAN1, MT2b and MRP4). Q. rubra seedlings were grown in growth chambers and treated with copper at different doses. Total RNA was extracted from leaves and amplified by RT-qPCR. All the plants tested were resistant to Cu even at high concentrations of 1312 mg of Cu per kg of dry soil since no damage associated with Cu toxicity was observed after 14 days of treatment. RAN1 transporter and the chelating protein MT2b were significantly downregulated (p≤0.05) at high doses of 656 mg and 1312 mg of copper per kg of dry soil compared to water control. The transcription of MRP4 was significantly increased in the presence of copper at a concentration of 1312 mg/kg. No gene demonstrated differential transcription in samples treated with a low dose of 130 mg of copper/kg of dry soil that is equivalent to the bioavailable amount of copper under natural conditions in the Greater Sudbury Region.
Testing MSW type of nonlinearity using autocopulas

Inspired by Rakonczai et al. [8], we use autocopulas for the testing of linearity against Markov-switching type of nonlinearity and remaining nonlinearity. They applied this autocopula approach to testing heteroscedasticity in AR-ARCH model. Given a strictly stationary time series Yt, a k-lag autocopula is a bivariate joint distribution function of the random vector (Yt, Yt−k). Our contribution is in extending the idea to test the linearity against Markov-switching type of nonlinearity and remaining nonlinearity [5, 6] in order to avoid classical, time-consuming tests.
Spatial variability of nutrients in Crotalaria juncea grown in an eroded soil.

The aim of this work was to characterize the spatial variability of the attributes of soil and plants in severely-eroded areas. The experimental plot had dimensions of 45 by 65 m, and was divided up into a grid with regular spacing of 5 m between points, making up a rectangle of 10 columns and 14 lines, totaling 140 points. The contents of macro and micronutrients were determined in the plants, plus dry matter and height of the Crotalaria juncea. The attributes of plants and soil thickness were distributed over the area in a well-defined spatial structure, with an adjustment of the spherical and Gaussian models, making an exception for calcium. Soil thickness demonstrated the locations with an accelerated process of erosion and displayed a clear spatial relationship with plant height and dry matter of the C. juncea and with the foliar macro and micronutrients.
The pharmacy degree: The student experience of professional training

Aim: To explore pharmacy undergraduates’ learning strategies and their acquisition of a professional identity. Method: Qualitative study using group interviews with first and third year pharmacy undergraduates in four schools of pharmacy. Key findings: Analysis of the transcripts yielded five themes: Student motivation for choosing pharmacy as a career; developing a distinct professional identity; socialisation for a professional identity; strategies for learning for a professional identity and social pharmacy’s contribution to a professional identity. Students did not formulate their professional identity until they felt they had established competencies in core science. Students’ initial induction into their chosen profession comprised absorbing a substantial body of scientific knowledge. Rote learning was cited by many as the principal learning strategy to cope with this, though students recognised that this was inadequate preparation for their professional role. “Social pharmacy” was perceived as a legitimate topic though it was not regarded as a core element in establishing a professional identity. Conclusion: Professional socialisation is limited by the perceived overriding importance of acquiring a common science background to underpin a professional identity.
Larval development of Etropus longimanus (Paralichthyidae) and Symphurus trewavasae (Cynoglossidae) off the Buenos Aires coast, Argentina

The larval development of Etropus longimanus and Symphurus trewavasae (Pleuronectiformes) off the Buenos Aires coast was described. Both species have an elongated body; however, as the total length of Etropus longimanus larvae increased, their body became deeper. In Symphurus trewavasae the intestine was noticeably coiled. In E. longimanus the notochord flexion started at 3.9 mm and was completed at 5.0 mm standard length (SL). Vertebral formation began in larvae with a 4.6 mm SL and the definitive number of vertebrae (34-39) was observed in larvae of 4.8 mm SL. The dorsal fin had two elongated rays and the pelvic fins had only one. In Symphurus trewavasae the notochord flexion began at 5.9 mm and was completed at 8.0 mm SL. Migration of the right eye was completed in the metamorphic stage at 10.5 mm SL. Vertebral column ossification finished in flexion larvae of 6-7 mm SL, with a total number of 48-50 vertebrae. Four elongated rays of similar length were observed on the dorsal fin.
Managing Bushwalker Impacts in the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area, Australia

As recreational use of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area in Australia increases, associated environmental impacts must be controlled. Tasmanian bushwalkers were surveyed to obtain their opinions and attitudes toward potential tools to manage impact problems and an overnight permit system. There was support for nine of the 11 potential tools, with most support for priority erosion control, track stabilization, and rerouting. Respondents did not support the introduction of an overnight walker permit system for the entire Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area, but did support a permit system if it was targeted at impacted areas.
Convergence and regularity of trust region methods for nonlinear ill-posed inverse problems

Trust region methods have been well developed for well-posed problems, but there is little literature available on their applications to ill-posed inverse problems. In this paper, we apply trust region methods for solving nonlinear ill-posed inverse problems. In particular, we study the convergence and regularity of the standard trust region method when applying it to ill-posed problems. We also show that the trust region method is a regularization. A numerical test on inverse gravimetry is included to demonstrate our theoretical analysis and regularization property of the trust region method.
Glass Foundation Chemosensor Synthesis and Functionality Analysis

Chemosensors are created through a series of reaction steps on controlled pore class (CPG) and terminate with a Cu metal binding site. Each monolayer of reactant insures that the metal binding site exposed to solution would serve as an indicator displacement assay (IDA) sensor. The purpose of this research is to create a molecular sensor with a high density of terminal metal sites to quantify bidentate substrates. To accomplish this, each synthetic step of the sensor is examined in order to test the effects of new linkers, ligands, and variously sized dendrimers to see if small structural changes could promote a higher density of terminal metal sites. For linkers, the results show that CDI and TESPSA are comparable in functionality, whereas the ligand, lysine-NTA outperforms an amino-functionalized terpyridine in metal chelation. For dendrimers, higher generation dendrimers lead to more terminal Cu metal binding sites than lower generation dendrimers.
Physiological responses of soybean (Glycine max L.) to zinc application under salinity stress.

A greenhouse research was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative effects of zinc application on soybean photosynthetic parameters, leaf relative water content (RWC), relative electrolytic leakage (REL), chlorophyll contents (Chl), and leaves and roots lipid peroxidation rate under salinity stress (0, 33, 66 and 99 mM NaCl). The results revealed that zinc application on plants exposed to salinity stress caused a noticeable enhancement of photosynthesis ( Pn ) by 110%, water use efficiency (WUE) by 54%, mesophyll efficiency (ME) by 98% and quantum yield ( �) by 102% compared with plants exposed to salinity stress alone. The chlorophylls a, b and total chlorophyll content and relative water content were significantly reduced with increasing NaCl salinity. The highest REL and lipid peroxidation were occurred at the highest salinity level.
The Political Economy of Labor Market Regulation with R&D

In this paper, I study the political rationale for labor market regulation. Oligopolists employ raw labor and human capital (i.e. key workers) for production and R&D. There are many jurisdictions, in each of which a self-interested policy maker can regulate/deregulate the local labor market. I show that the observed tendency to labor market deregulation results from labor market policies being set up at the local level. In small jurisdictions, the fall of income due to wage increases is so large that the labor markets are deregulated. With labor market integration, jurisdictions get larger and face less competition from outside. Then, the fall of income due to wage increases is reduced and labor market regulation becomes more attractive to workers' lobbies.
Morphological responses of Capoeta gracilis and Alburnoides eichwaldii populations (Cyprinidae) fragmented due to Tarik Dam (Sefidrud River, Caspian Sea basin, Iran)

This study was conducted to evaluate the morphological responses of two different species including Capoeta gracilis and Alburnoides eichwaldii due to construction of the Tarik dam in the Sefidrud River using geometric morphometric technique. For this purpose, a total of 80 specimens of C. gracilis and 60 specimens of A. eichwaldii were collected from upstream and down-stream of dam. The left sides of specimens were photographed and14 and 18 landmark-points were digitized on 2D pictures of and C. gracilis and A. eichwaldii , respectively. The landmark data were submitted to GPA to remove non-shape data, analyzed by discriminate functional analysis and Ttest hotelling. The results showed no differences between the upstream and downstream populations of C. gracilis , but a significant difference found in A. eichwaldii in terms of body shape. The observed differences were related to head, snout, caudal peduncle regions and eye diameter that could be an adaptation to altered habitat and hydrological conditions of upstream and downstream due to damming. Different response of two studied species displayed that fishes can respond in different way to anthropogenic modifications of riverine ecosystem.
Scuttle Flies (Diptera: Phoridae) Reared from Fungi in Benin

ABSTRACT Ten species of Phoridae reared from fungi in Benin are reported, including the descriptions of the following: Megaselia cakpoae Disney, sp. n. , Megaselia fuscilobulorum Disney, sp. n. , Megaselia kurinai Disney, sp. n. and Megaselia tedersooi Disney, sp. n. Megaselia termitomyca Disney, 1989 is synonymised with Megaselia labiata Borgmeier, 1967.
Laser emission characteristics of dye-doped cholesteric films

Abstract: This paper aims to give an overview of distributed feedback (DFB) lasing in chiral nematic liquid crystals (CLC) and explain the salient features that render them unique. Particular emphasis is given to the transmission and reflection characteristics of CLCs as well as to the key role of the Density of Photon States (DOS) in the presence of an active medium. Discussions and comparisons with wave propagation in other periodic solid media are also included.
Debt Issues and Earnings Management*

The aim of this paper is to analyze earnings management (EM) surrounding debenture issues of companies listed on the BM&FBOVESPA. EM is an intentional intervention in external financial reports in order to obtain some private gain. This practice is especially important at the time of issuing debentures because if earnings are inflated, investors may pay an artificially high price. To measure earnings management, current discretionary accruals were used as a proxy, based on the Modified Jones and Modified Jones with ROA econometric models. All of the regressions considered the fixed effects of the companies and the time series effects of the analyses. Evidence was found that companies inflate their financial results in the issuing period in order to positively influence their investors. The results suggest that there is EM in the quarter preceding the issue (t = 1), indicating the influence that investors may have been under when making the decision to invest in debentures from these companies. In addition, it was verified that companies with higher debt, profitability, and sales growth ratios have higher levels of earnings management. The reputation of the auditor was not statistically significant regarding reductions in the level of management. The results also show that companies listed on Level II and New Market had higher levels of management when considering the Modified Jones with ROA model. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a greater level of earnings management in companies that issue debentures in the period preceding the event. Finally, the variable that is directly related to the level of earnings management is sales growth.
28. REGIONAL ASPECTS OF DEEP SEA DRILLING IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC

The region covered by the Tasman Sea is clearly an anomalous feature in any simple hypothesis of the evolution of the Pacific and the Pacific marginal basin structures. It is an area of great structural complexity which does not conform readily to any of the more general reconstructions by global scale plate tectonics. Distinctly separate from the Pacific basin on both the north and the east, this region (Figure 1) encompasses a series of marginal basins (Lau-Havre, South Fiji, Norfolk, New Caledonia, Tasman Sea, and Coral Sea), trenches (Tonga-Kermadec, North and South New Hebrides, South Solomon, and New Britain), ridges (Tonga-Kermadec, Lau-Colville, Three Kings, Norfolk and West Norfolk, and Lord Howe Rise), and a major continental marginal plateau (Queensland Plateau). Leg 21 was conducted as an initial attempt to answer a limited number of basic questions, as well as to provide a rationale for on-going investigations.
Effect of yolk utilization on the specific gravity of chokka squid (Loligo reynaudii) paralarvae: implications for dispersal on the Agulhas Bank, South Africa

Specific gravity is an important parameter in the dispersal of marine zooplankton, because the velocity of currents, and therefore the speed of transport, is usually greatest near the surface. For the South African chokka squid (Loligo reynaudii), recruitment is thought to be influenced by the successful transport of paralarvae from the spawning grounds to a food-rich feature known as the cold ridge some 100-200 km away. The role of paralarval specific gravity on such transport is investigated. Specific gravity ranged from 1.0373 to 1.0734 g cm(-3) during the yolk-utilization phase, implying that paralarvae are always negatively buoyant, regardless of yolk content. The data were incorporated into a coupled individual-based model (IBM)-Regional Ocean Modelling System model. The output showed that dispersal was dominantly westward towards the cold ridge. Also, modelled paralarval vertical distribution suggested that hydrodynamic turbulence was an important factor in dispersal. The negative buoyancy of early chokka squid paralarvae may reduce the risk of paralarvae being advected off the eastern Agulhas Bank and into the open ocean, where food is less abundant, so specific gravity may be important in enhancing the survival and recruitment of chokka squid.
Associations between Woodland Caribou telemetry data and Landsat TM spectral reflectance

Woodland Caribou Rangifer tarandus caribou habitat mapping in northern Alberta, Canada is incomplete and imprecise, as habitat relationships are not fully understood, and land cover mapping is neither consistent nor complete. Spectral information obtained through remote sensing observations makes possible the evaluation of Woodland Caribou habitat use over large areas. With the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) collars fitted on the animals, correlations between satellite observations and Woodland Caribou locations were studied. This study examines Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper imagery of the Wabasca region of northern Alberta in relation to a dataset containing nearly 100 000 locations acquired from GPS radio-collars and approximately 5000 locations acquired from Very High Frequency (VHF) radio-collars. The intent was to determine if spectral signatures measured by remote sensing satellites could be related to habitat use or avoidance by caribou, and to use this knowledge to predict caribou habitat selection in areas where there are no collared animals. The analysis presented in this paper provides a new perspective for the analysis of large and complex habitat selection datasets and opens new opportunities for the implementation of better and more comprehensive conservation policies in boreal environments. The methodology and habitat associations presented in this paper are being used in northern Alberta to advance caribou conservation.
Minor candidates as kingmakers

We consider a sequential entry model with three candidates who cannot commit to any policy announcement during the campaign. The study focuses on how a minor candidate, who wins only when unopposed, influences the electoral outcome. We show that unless the Condorcet winner (i.e., the winner in every pairwise vote) coincides with the grand winner (i.e., the winner of the three-candidate competition), the minor candidate is a kingmaker in the sense that his preferred rival wins regardless of the order of the entry decisions. To influence the outcome, the minor candidate could either (i) enter strategically without any chance to win, or (ii) enter if and only if the Condorcet winner already has entered.
Expression and characterization of Rab18 gene in Clonorchis sinensis

There has been an accumulation of evidence to suggest that Rab18 is implicated in lipid droplet trafficking. However, the role of Rab18 GTPase in regulation of lipid metabolism in Clonorchis sinensis is unknown yet. In order to shed light on the specific and vital targets that are for Clonorchis sinensis treatment and control, a gene encoding Rab18 was isolated from Clonorchis sinensis adult cDNA. Recombinant CsRab18 was expressed and purified from Escherichia coli. CsRab18 transcripts were detected in the cDNA of adult worm, metacercaria, cercaria and egg of Clonorchis sinensis, and were highly expressed in the metacercaria. Immunohistochemical localization results revealed that CsRab18 was specifically deposited in the vitellarium and tegument of metacercaria. Furthermore, CsRab18WT and the active mutant CsRab18Q67L can stimulate basal lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. We concluded from the present study that CsRab18 GTPase possibly contributes to the lipogenesis and nutrient absorption of Clonorchis sinensis and that the autophagy pathway could be an important site of action with respect to the developmental role of CsRab18 in Clonorchis sinensis.
Nitrogen doping of graphene and its effect on quantum capacitance, and a new insight on the enhanced capacitance of N-doped carbon

Many researchers have used nitrogen (N) as a dopant and/or N-containing functional groups to enhance the capacitance of carbon electrodes of electrical double layer (EDL) capacitors. However, the physical mechanism(s) giving rise to the interfacial capacitance of the N-containing carbon electrodes is not well understood. Here, we show that the area-normalized capacitance of lightly N-doped activated graphene with similar porous structure increased from 6 μF cm−2 to 22 μF cm−2 with 0 at%, and 2.3 at% N-doping, respectively. The quantum capacitance of pristine single layer graphene and various N-doped graphene was measured and a trend of upwards shifts of the Dirac Point with increasing N concentration was observed. The increase in bulk capacitance with increasing N concentration, and the increase of the quantum capacitance in the N-doped monolayer graphene versus pristine monolayer graphene suggests that the increase in the EDL type of capacitance of many, if not all, N-doped carbon electrodes studied to date, is primarily due to the modification of the electronic structure of the graphene by the N dopant. It was further found that the quantum capacitance is closely related to the N dopant concentration and N-doping provides an effective way to increase the density of the states of monolayer graphene.
Spineless cactus as a replacement for wheat bran in sugar cane-based diets for sheep: intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters

ABSTRACT - The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing wheat bran by spineless cactus (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) in sugar cane-based diets on intake and nutrient digestibility and ruminal parameters of sheep. Five sheep (Santa Ines; average initial weight of 34.0±3.6 kg) were fitted with cannulas in the rumen and then assigned to a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The maximum dry matter (DM; 1414 g d−1), digestible organic matter (658 g d−1), and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap; 425 g d−1) intakes were estimated by replacing 80.2, 89.9, and 50.5% of wheat bran. Dry matter and crude protein digestibility increased by 0.60 and 0.85 g kg-1 of DM. With the replacement of 57.1 and 62.2% of wheat bran, a maximum rate of NDF ingestion (0.70 h−1) and NDF ruminal pool (7.31 g) was obtained. Rumen pH increased with the inclusion of spineless cactus, while the maximum concentration of ammonia N (33.3 mg dL−1) and total volatile fatty acids (57.7 μmol mL−1) were estimated at the levels of 72.3 and 63.7% of replacement of wheat bran. It is recommended to replace 63% of wheat bran by spineless cactus in sugar cane-based diets, to promote better animal performance.
A Cross-Coupled E-Band VCO with on-chip SIW Resonator in 130nm SiGe BiCMOS

We investigate the use of an SIW cavity on-chip with varactor tuning as a resonant tank for a cross-coupled VCO in 130nm SiGe BiCMOS. Unloaded Q-factors of 31.7 to 214 over the tuning range are obtained. The VCO's frequency tuning range is simulated to be 81.4 – 82.2 GHz, with an average phase noise of −79 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. It is found that the long feed lines to the cavity negate the possible improvement in phase noise gained from the high $\mathbf{Q}_{0}$ cavity.