Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A field experiment on climatic and herbivore impacts on post‐fire tree regeneration in north‐western Patagonia

1 Wildfires are predicted to increase in many ecosystems in relation to globally increasing temperatures but future patterns of post‐fire vegetation change are largely unknown, particularly when there are synergistic effects from introduced biota. In the late 1990s northern Patagonia, Argentina, experienced extreme droughts which led to severe wildfires affecting a range of Andean ecosystems. 2 We experimentally examined how variations in moisture, temperature and herbivory by livestock affect post‐1999 fire patterns of the three main tree species. Over two years we monitored, in three forest types, the survival and growth of tree seedlings in a factorial warming (+2 °C)/livestock exclosure/watering experiment. 3 Seedling survival in the warmed treatments and in the controls was nil for the evergreen Nothofagus dombeyi and the conifer Austrocedrus chilensis at the two low‐elevation experimental sites. Survival of the subalpine Nothofagus pumilio in the warmed treatments at high elevation tended to be lower than in the control; for all treatments of warming alone there were no significant differences compared with the controls. 4 In all three forest types, increased water availability was essential for higher rates of tree seedling survival. Doubling water availability during the growing season resulted in up to fourfold increases in seedling survival and up to threefold increases in seedling biomass. 5 In the subalpine forest, livestock reduced seedling survival by c. 30% in non‐watered treatments compared with watered treatments, probably due mainly to soil desiccation and to consumption of or damage to facilitating plants. In contrast, at lower elevation, where livestock pressure was lower, seedling survival of N. dombeyi and A. chilensis tended to be higher in unfenced sites, possibly due to reduced competition from highly palatable shrub species. 6 General circulation models predict a warming–drying trend in northern Patagonia during the twenty‐first century. The resulting increase in wildfire is likely to be followed by inadequate tree regeneration and conversion from forest to shrubland cover types. This and similar studies suggest that under relatively slight changes in regional climate, increased fire occurrence interacting synergistically with moisture limitations will result in long‐lasting displacements of forest by more xeric vegetation shrublands.
Three Alternative (?) Stories on the Late 20th-Century Rise of Game Theory

The paper presents three different reconstructions of the 1980s boom of game theory and its rise to the present status of indispensable tool-box for modern economics. The first story focuses on the Nash refinements literature and on the development of Bayesian games. The second emphasizes the role of antitrust case law, and in particular of the rehabilitation, via game theory, of some traditional antitrust prohibitions and limitations which had been challenged by the Chicago approach. The third story centers on the wealth of issues classifiable under the general headline of "mechanism design" and on the game theoretical tools and methods which have been applied to tackle them. The bottom lines are, first, that the three stories need not be viewed as conflicting, but rather as complementary, and, second, that in all stories a central role has been played by John Harsanyi and Bayesian decision theory.
Arithmetic variance swaps

Biases in standard variance swap rates (VSRs) can induce substantial deviations below market rates. Defining realized variance as the sum of squared price (not log-price) changes yields an ‘arithmetic’ variance swap with no such biases. Its fair value has advantages over the standard VSR: no discrete monitoring or jump biases; and the same value applies for any monitoring frequency, even irregular monitoring and to any underlying, including those taking zero or negative values. We derive the fair value for the arithmetic variance swap and compare it with the standard VSR by: analysing errors introduced by interpolation and integration techniques; numerical experiments for approximation accuracy; and using 23 years of FTSE 100 options data to explore the empirical properties of arithmetic variance (and higher moment) swaps. The FTSE 100 variance risk has a strong negative correlation with the implied third moment, which can be captured using a higher moment arithmetic swap.
Perspectives of the performance metrics in lexicon and hybrid based approaches: a review

Online social media and social networking services experience a drastic development in the present scenario. Contents generated by hundreds of millions of users are used for communication in general. Users mark their opinion and review in various applications such as Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Weibo, Flicker, LinkedIn, Online-e commerce sites, Microblogging sites, etc. User generated text is spread rapidly on the web, and it has become tedious to analyze the opinionated text in order to arrive at a decision. Sentiment analysis, a sub-category of text mining is the major active research domain in current era due to greater quantity of opinionated text present in the Internet. Semantic detection is the sub-class in the sentiment analysis which is used for measuring the sentiment orientation in any text. Opinionated text is used for analyzing and making the decision simple. This interdisciplinary field draws various techniques from data mining, machine learning, natural language processing, lexicon based and hybrid based approaches. This paper provides a broad perspective with the highlight of the current state-of art techniques emphasizing the various research challenges and gaps present. The performance metrics in terms of detection rate, precision, recall, f-measure/score, average mean, auto-Pearson correlation, cosine similarity and ratio of time on various algorithms is discussed in detail. An analysis of the text mining approaches in different domains is presented.
Comparison of Different Models for the Simulation of Photovoltaic Panels

This article contains the description of a circuital model, which was developed to represent the energy production of a photovoltaic panel in a more accurate way, taking into consideration the decrease of its operational time. Furthermore, a comparison among the experimental, the posed simulated model in PSIM and the results obtained by a piece of software developed by some students of the Universidad Distrital is performed in order to verify the values provided by the software and demonstrate the optimal operation of the developed model.
Anisotropic turbulent transport in stably stratified rotating stellar radiation zones

Context. Rotation is one of the key physical mechanisms that deeply impact the evolution of stars. Helio- and asteroseismology reveal a strong extraction of angular momentum from stellar radiation zones over the whole Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. Aims. Turbulent transport in differentially rotating, stably stratified stellar radiation zones should be carefully modelled and its strength evaluated. Stratification and rotation imply that this turbulent transport is anisotropic. So far only phenomenological prescriptions have been proposed for the transport in the horizontal direction. This, however, constitutes a cornerstone in current theoretical formalisms for stellar hydrodynamics in evolution codes. We aim to improve its modelling. Methods. We derived a new theoretical prescription for the anisotropy of the turbulent transport in radiation zones using a spectral formalism for turbulence that takes simultaneously stable stratification, rotation, and a radial shear into account. Then, the horizontal turbulent transport resulting from 3D turbulent motions sustained by the instability of the radial differential rotation is derived. We implemented this framework in the stellar evolution code STAREVOL and quantified its impact on the rotational and structural evolution of solar metallicity low-mass stars from the pre-main-sequence to the red giant branch. Results. The anisotropy of the turbulent transport scales as N4τ2/(2Ω2), N and Ω being the buoyancy and rotation frequencies respectively and τ a time characterizing the source of turbulence. This leads to a horizontal turbulent transport of similar strength in average that those obtained with previously proposed prescriptions even if it can be locally larger below the convective envelope. Hence the models computed with the new formalism still build up too steep internal rotation gradients compared to helioseismic and asteroseismic constraints. As a consequence, a complementary transport mechanism such as internal gravity waves or magnetic fields is still needed to explain the observed strong transport of angular momentum along stellar evolution. Conclusions. The new prescription links for the first time the anisotropy of the turbulent transport in radiation zones to their stratification and rotation. This constitutes important theoretical progress and demonstrates how turbulent closure models should be improved to get firm conclusions on the potential importance of other processes that transport angular momentum and chemicals inside stars along their evolution.
Sedimentary Waves in Laminar Flows of Pseudoplastic Fluids

In this paper, results of an experimental study aimed to determine the characteristics of bedforms generated by non-cohesive granular particles under the action of subcritical laminar flows of pseudoplastic fluids in open channels are reported. In terms of proper dimensionless parameters, conditions for existence of bedforms are determined. Relationships among dimensionless geometric characteristics and celerity with those parameters defining the flow conditions and sediment properties are also found.
Alteration in Plasma Paraoxonase Levels and its Relation with Coronary Artery Disease

The precise etiology and mechanism underlying the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) remain incompletely understood although a number of risk factors have been identified over the past several decades. In this context, an attempt has been made to estimate the extent of oxidative stress mediated lipid peroxidation, alteration in plasma paraoxonase and non-enzymic antioxidants level in co-ordination with conventional CAD risk factors and to determine the role of these antioxidants in CAD patients. Plasma paraoxonase, non-enzymic antioxidants level (ascorbate, tocopherol and uric acid), erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum lipid profile contents were estimated in 50 CAD subjects (30-60 years) and statistically compared it with that of 30 healthy individuals served as control by using student’s t-test. Despite existence of conventional CAD risk factors, significant alteration in the levels of aforesaid parameters was observed. Plasma paraoxonase, ascorbate and tocopherol levels were significantly low in CAD subjects as compared to controls whereas plasma uric acid erythrocyte MDA levels were significantly high (p<0.001) in CAD subjects. These findings suggest that alteration in plasma antioxidants level, as a consequence of augmented oxidative stress plays an etiopathological role in the development of CAD along with other classic risk factors including dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity. Thus, exogenous antioxidant supplementation, modification in nutritional behavior and life styles can offer the strong ground in the amelioration of CAD related risk and its consequent sequelae.
KUNAPAJALA A LIQUID ORGANIC MANURE: PREPARATION AND ITS QUALITY PARAMETERS

Introduction: Now a days, chemical fertilizers not only pollute the cultivation land but also the attributes cultivated plant with those harmful chemicals. Hence organic manures are getting pace. Kunapajala is liquid organic manure mentioned in Vrikshyayurveda, acts as a good source of plant nutrient. The method has been mentioned for preparation by using bone marrow, flesh of any horned animals (sheep, goat, fish etc), milk, honey, Sesamum indicum L. (Tila) and Vigna mungo (Masha) but the quantity has not been mentioned in the verses. Few works have been carried out on application of Kunapajala, but standardization or fixation of quantity for preparation has not been studied till date. Objective: This article aims to develop an SOP for preparation Kunapajala. Materials and methods: materials (meat of fish and goat, milk, honey, Tila and Masha) were collected from local market. Preparation of Kunapajala is done as per reference and standard procedures were followed for physicochemical and elemental analysis. Results: The total amount of Kunapajala obtained is 5.46 litres (36.4%yield), the alcohol content is 4%, it also contains Sulphur 123.61% and Iron 44.53 ppm etc. Conclusion: This article can provide initial base for standardization of the product – Kunapajala and its quality parameters.
Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean

Cause The fungus Phytophthora sojae survives from season to season as a resting structure called an oospore or as threadlike structures called mycelia. The fungus survives in the soil or on plant debris associated with the previous crop. The oospores can survive in soil almost indefinitely. Oospores will germinate and produce hundreds of small, mobile spores called zoospores that travel through the water-filled soil pores and infect soybean roots. Spores contained in soil particles deposited on leaf surfaces by the splashing of raindrops also can infect plants.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF HYDROETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF UAPACA PALUDOSA

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by abnormalities in carbohydrate, lipid, and lipoprotein metabolism, which not only lead to hyperglycemia but also cause many complications, such as hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods: The purpose of the present study was to measure the in vitro antioxidant and biological activities of hydroethanolic extracts of Uapaca paludosa. Phytochemical screening, Antioxidant capacity (Polyphenolic content, Free radical scavenging activity, Nitric oxide scavenging activity and Metal chelating activity) and biological activities (Blood sugar assessment, Glucose tolerance test, antiamylasic activity test and Low grade postprandial inflammation) have been done. Results: Phytochemical studies of hydroethanolic extracts of U. paludosa revealed the presence of tannins, phlobatannins, glycosids, phenols, reducing sugars, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids. Antioxidant activity has revealed that U. paludosa was riched in polyphenols and radical inhibitory effect was best with DPPH° radical. In glucose tolerance test, hydroethanolic extracts 400mg/kg BW allowed inhibition of glycemia than 200mg/kg BW. Hypoglycemic test revealed that hydroethanolic extracts 400mg/kg BW inhibit glycemia (6.511±1.152%) than 200mg/kg BW (0.283±0.151%). The results of low grade inflammation showed that postprandial endothelium dysfunction and oxidative stress appear 2 hours after consumption of deleterious diet. But extracts has significantly inhibited endothelium dysfunction and oxidative stress (p<0.05); U. paludosa present a reduction of postprandial nitric oxide but only hydroethanolic extract 400mg/kg BW has presented a maximum reduction of postprandial oxidative stress (postprandial hydroperoxides). Conclusion: Hydroethanolic extracts of U. paludosa have effect on inflammation but haven’t no effect on antiamylasic activity; because of hyperosmolar diabete after 30min, it will be not necessary to use these extracts to cure diabete.
A Semantic Social Recommender System Using Ontologies Based Approach For Tunisian Tourism

Tunisia is well placed in terms of medical tourism and has highly qualified and specialized medical and surgical teams. Integrating social networks in Tunisian medical tourism recommender systems can result in much more accurate recommendations. That is to say, information, interests, and recommendations retrieved from social networks can improve the prediction accuracy. This paper aims to improve traditional recommender systems by incorporating information in social network; including user preferences and influences from social friends. Accordingly, a user interest ontology is developed to make personalized recommendations out of such information. In this paper, we present a semantic social recommender system employing a user interest ontology and a Tunisian Medical Tourism ontology. Our system can improve the quality of recommendation for Tunisian tourism domain. Finally, our social recommendation algorithm is implemented in order to be used in a Tunisia tourism Website to assist users interested in visiting Tunisia for medical purposes.
Localized traveling pulses in natural doubly diffusive convection

Two-dimensional natural doubly diffusive convection in a vertical slot driven by an imposed temperature difference in the horizontal is studied using numerical continuation and direct numerical simulation. Two cases are considered and compared. In the first a concentration difference that balances thermal buoyancy is imposed in the horizontal and stationary localized structures are found to be organized in a standard snakes-and-ladders bifurcation diagram. Disconnected branches of traveling pulses TPn consisting of n, n = 1,2, . , corotating cells are identified and shown to accumulate on a tertiary branch of traveling waves. With Robin or mixed concentration boundary conditions on one wall all localized states travel and the hitherto stationary localized states may connect up with the traveling pulses. The stability of the TPn states is determined and unstable TPn shown to evolve into spatio-temporal chaos. The calculations are done with no-slip boundary conditions in the horizontal and periodic boundary conditions in the vertical.
A Persistent Scatterer Interferometry Procedure Based on Stable Areas to Filter the Atmospheric Component

This paper describes a Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) procedure to monitor the land deformation in an urban area induced by aquifer dewatering and the consequent drawdown of the water table. The procedure, based on Sentinel-1 data, is illustrated considering the construction works of Glories Square, Barcelona (Spain). The study covers a period from March 2015 to November 2017, which includes a dewatering event in spring 2017. This paper describes the proposed procedure, whose most original part includes the estimation of the atmospheric phase component using stable areas located in the vicinity of the monitoring area. The performances of the procedure are analysed, characterising the original atmospheric phase component and the residual one that remains after modelling the atmospheric contribution. This procedure can work with any type of deformation phenomena, provided that its spatial extension is sufficiently small. The quality of the obtained time series is illustrated discussing different deformation results, including a validation result using piezometric data and a thermal expansion case.
OPTIMIZATION OF AN EFFICIENT NON-TISSUE CULTURE TRANSFORMATION METHOD FOR BRASSICA JUNCEA

The major hurdles in successful in vitro transformation of Brassica juncea through standard tissue culture (STC) method are: culture contamination, somaclonal variations, and lack of expertise. Moreover, the current STC method is time consuming and needs continuous electricity. In the present study, the in planta transformation method through floral dip with or without vacuum infiltration was optimized for successful transformation of B. juncea. The B. juncea CV “RAYA Anmol” was used for transformation through Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 harboring the binary vector plasmid pBinGlyBar4-EADcT. Based on the resistance reaction to the herbicide Basta, 20 and 40 resistant seedlings were obtained from ~2000 seed germinated from the plants transformed through floral dip and vacuum infiltration methods, respectively. The PCR analyses further confirmed the presence of transgene in 3 floral dipped plants without vacuum infiltration and 17 floral dipped plants with vacuum infiltration, giving the transformation frequencies of 1.5x10 and 8.5x10, respectively. This method, which avoids tissue culture, will reduce the somaclonal variation accompanying prolonged culture of cells in a dedifferentiated state, will facilitate functional genomics and improvement of Brassica juncea with novel desirable traits while reducing time and expense.
Perceived Self-Efficacy and Its Relationship to Achievement Motivation among Parallel Program Students at Prince Sattam University

The study aimed to identify the level of perceived self-efficacy and achievement motivation and the relationship between them. The sample of the study included 164 students. The researcher used the measure of perceived self-efficacy and the measure of achievement motivation. The measure of perceived self-efficacy consisted of 72 paragraphs distributed on nine dimensions. While the measure of achievement motivation consisted of 20 paragraphs. It has been conducted the necessary honesty and reliability coefficients for them.The results indicated to the high levels of perceived self-efficacy and achievement motivation, to a correlation which is very weak and a positive direction (proportional) with statistical significance between perceived self-efficacy dimension (behavioral) and achievement motivation, to six correlation relationships which are weak and a positive direction (proportional) with statistical significance between perceived self-efficacy dimensions (emotional, social, self-confidence, others-confidence, cognitive, moral) and achievement motivation, to the presence of correlation relationship which is medium and positive direction (proportional) with statistical significance at the significance level (α = 0.05) between perceived self-efficacy and its two dimensions (persistence and perseverance, academic) and achievement motivate.
FORMS AND ACCUMULATION OF COPPER AND ZINC IN A SANDY TYPIC HAPLUDALF SOIL AFTER LONG-TERM APPLICATION OF PIG SLURRY AND DEEP LITTER

Successive applications of pig slurry and pig deep litter may lead to an accumulation of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) fractions in the soil profile. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Cu and Zn forms and accumulation in a Sandy Typic Hapludalf soil after long-term application of pig slurry and deep litter. In March 2010, eight years after initiating an experiment in Braco do Norte, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil, on a Sandy Typic Hapludalf soil, soil samples were collected from the 0-2.5, 2.5-5.0, 5-10 and 10-15 cm layers in treatments consisting of no manure application (control) and with applications of pig slurry and deep litter at two levels: the single and double rate of N requirement for maize and black oat succession. The soil was dried, ground in an agate mortar and analyzed for Cu and Zn contents by 0.01 mol L-1 EDTA and chemically fractionated to determine Cu and Zn. The applications of Pig deep litter and slurry at doses equivalent to 90 kg ha-1 N increased the contents of available Cu and Zn in the surface soil layer, if the double of this dose was applied in pig deep litter or double this dose in pig slurry, Cu and Zn migrated to a depth of 15 cm. Copper is accumulated mainly in the organic and residual fractions, and zinc preferentially in the fraction linked to clay minerals, especially in the surface soil layers.