Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Life History Patterns of Ambystoma tigrinum in Montane Colorado

A survey of approximately 60 ponds in the Gunnison Basin, Gunnison and Pitkin counties, Colorado, U.S.A. , showed a cor- relation between the thermal ranges of the ponds and the life history pattern of Ambystoma tigrinum populations. Characterization of physical and biotic parameters allowed a ranking of ponds from warm to cool, verified by temperature data taken through two warm seasons (1974 and 1975). The life history pattern of the salamander populations was deter- mined on the basis of the number of size classes of salamanders observed in the pond. A model is proposed relating the thermal regimes of the pond and the observed life history pattern of the salamanders. Three life history patterns are defined for these populations: standard life his- tory, only one size class of larvae; neotenic life history, two size classes of larvae with metamorphosis occurring in the second warm season; and neotenic and paedogenic life histories, three or four size classes of larvae with metamorphosis occurring the the third or later warm season.
Development of a polymerase chain reaction‐based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis technique to study nematode species biodiversity using the 18s rDNA gene

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique was developed to evaluate nematode biodiversity. Amplified fragments (approximately 630 bp) of nematode 18S rDNA could be separated by DGGE at 60 °C for 5.5 h using a gradient of 30–55% denaturant. No DNA from the nematodes’ food source was observed on the gels. The sensitivity of the system was tested using DNA from six species of Steinernema. The system clearly separated PCR fragments from all species except S. tami and S. carpocapsae, which had similar melting behaviour despite being widely separated on the phylogenetic tree.
A LINKED 5S rRNA GENE IN SCYTOSIPHON LOMENTARIA (SCYTOSIPHONALES, PHAEOPHYCEAE) 1

The complete nucleotide sequence of the transcribed and nontranscribed regions of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene in the brown alga Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngbye) Link (Scytosiphonales, Phaeophyceae) is presented. Each rDNA repeating unit is about 8.3 kb in length and contains a 5S rRNA gene sequence in the same repeating unit as the 18S, 5.8S, and 25S rDNA. The 5S rDNA is located downstream from the 25S and arranged in the same transcriptional direction as the larger rDNAs. The 5S rDNA of Scytosiphon lomentaria shares 96.9–100% sequence similarity with 5S rRNA gene sequences of other brown algal species. Based on the very high sequence similarity of the Scytosiphon 5S rDNA to those of other chromophytes, the presence of a RNA polymerase III termination site (TTTTT) in the 3’flanking region of 5S, and indirect evidence of the lack of an unlinked 5S rDNA, we conclude that the linked 5S rRNA gene in Scytosiphon is functional. This is the first report of a presence of linked 5S rRNA gene in multicellular photosynthetic eukaryotes. Recent reports of the presence of linked 5S rRNA genes in all eukaryotes are reviewed, and the possibility that the Chromophyta lineage originally had a linked 5S rDNA as ancestor is discussed.
A Scheme to Mitigate Generation Trip Events by Ancillary Services Considering Minimal Actions of UFLS

The reliability of power systems with high penetration of renewables, a fast response mechanism, and precise decision-making scheme is more important than ever. This study presented a novel scheme that utilizes the predicted frequency nadir after a generation trip event to initiate necessary ancillary services such as fast spinning reserve units, energy storage units, and demand responses to restore the frequency back to the secure operating range. The proposed scheme coordinates Under-Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) with ancillary services in the sense that the unnecessary load shedding can be avoided. By using the proposed scheme, the system becomes more resilient against disturbances, and the actions of load shedding are minimized. In this scheme, the frequency data is captured by phasor measurement units (PMUs), and a frequency nadir prediction algorithm is proposed. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme by using 1700-bus power system simulations and realistic frequency data from real generation trip events captured by a laboratory micro-phasor measurement unit (μPMU).
Incentive framework for mobile data offloading market under QoE-aware users

: Mobile data offloading enables the mobile network operator (MNO) to deal with the explosive growth of cellular data by leasing third-party access points (APs) to partially deliver the mobile traffic. This study proposes a novel incentive framework for the mobile data offloading market under QoE-aware users. Considering user satisfaction, the authors formulate the interaction among the MNO, APs, and offloaded users as a three-stage Stackelberg game. Through the Stackelberg game, the APs determine their optimal contributions via the best response method and the offloaded users determine their optimal accepted prices via the proposed dynamic pricing mechanism. Then the MNO makes its decision for profit maximisation. Furthermore, based on contract theory, an optimal dynamic scheme between the MNO and the remaining users is established. Under the dynamic scheme, they prove the personal rationality and incentive compatibility properties. Moreover, the optimisation contract problem is transformed into a relaxed contract problem, and the proposed dynamic algorithm is subsequently used to handle non-feasible solutions. Thus, the proposed framework can improve user satisfaction without affecting MNO profits. Simulation results show that the proposed framework can achieve better performances in terms of user satisfaction and MNO profits compared with traditional algorithms.
Parental contribution in a cultivated stock for the spotted rose snapper Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner, 1869) estimated by newly developed microsatellite markers

The spotted rose snapper Lutjanus guttatus is a fishery relevant species from the eastern Pacific Ocean, with aquaculture potential. Species-specific genetic markers are needed for the genetic characterization of wild and cultivated populations to help management strategies. Eighteen hypervariable microsatellites were developed by Next Generation Sequencing and characterized in a wild population sample. Genetic diversity was high (observed heterozygosity = 0.88 ± 0.050; the number of alleles per locus = 13.4 ± 1.3) and few loci departed from the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, leaving 14 loci potentially suitable for population genetic studies. A reduced panel of five loci was tested in a cultivated stock to determine the parentage of progeny (embryonated eggs; n = 413), to estimate the temporal contribution of each parental broodstock. The above resulted in the successful assignment of 95.6% of the progeny to its parental couple, representing 17 out of the 24 possible families. Two of the four females produced most of those progeny (97.3%). These females, which reproduced throughout the season, did not spawn on consecutive days. The contribution of males was evenly distributed during the season and occurred on successive days. Some microsatellites can be used in other lutjanids ( L. peru , L. argentiventris , and Hoplopagrus guentherii ).
Mutamba fruits (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.) - physical, physicochemical and antioxidant characterization

Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. , popularly known as mutamba, mutambo and mucungo, is widespread throughout Latin America. Studies on the physicochemical characteristics and the technological application of its constituents can support its use as raw material for enrichment and formulation of food products. This study aimed at to identify substances of food interest derived from mutamba fruit, through its physical, physicochemical, proximate, mineral, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity characterization in two maturation stages. The incomplete and full physiological maturation had, on average, mass of 5.52 and 3.54 g, respectively, and acid pH of 4.84 on average. Soluble solids content increased with maturity reaching 32.9 °Brix. Regarding proximate composition, it was observed an increase in protein, lipid, crude fiber and ash; and reduction of 80% in moisture. The most concentrated minerals were K, N, Ca, P and Mg. The content of anthocyanins, polyphenols, yellow flavonoids and the antioxidant activity increased with maturation, while vitamin C remained at 1500 mg.100 g -1 . This study is innovative as mutamba fruits with incomplete physiological maturation were characterized for the first time. That mutamba fruits, no matter the physiological maturation, have potential of exploitation in the food industry, due to their high content of soluble solids, as well as in the enrichment of other food products as source of vitamin C and minerals.
Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy

Artiﬁcial intelligence (AI) has already been implemented widely in the medical ﬁeld in the recent years. This paper ﬁrst reviews the background of AI and radiotherapy. Then it explores the basic concepts of different AI algorithms and machine learning methods, such as neural networks, that are available to us today and how they are being implemented in radiotherapy and diagnostic processes, such as medical imaging, treatment planning, patient simulation, quality assurance and radiation dose delivery. It also explores the ongoing research on AI methods that are to be implemented in radiotherapy in the future. The review shows very promising progress and future for AI to be widely used in various areas of radiotherapy. However, basing on various concerns such as availability and security of using big data, and further work on polishing and testing AI algorithms, it is found that we may not ready to use AI primarily in radiotherapy at the moment. © 2020 Greater
Limited evidence for the use of livestock for the conservation management of exotic plant cover

Livestock grazing has been used for conservation management in some situations to reduce exotic plant cover, but supporting empirical evidence is scant. This is particularly true for eastern Australian semiarid woodlands and forests. We surveyed 451 sites across three broad semiarid vegetation communities (cypress pine, black box, red gum) in eastern Australia to examine the effects of recent and longer-term (historic) grazing by livestock on exotic (and native) plant cover. Because our focus was the use of domestic livestock for conservation management, our sites were mostly located in conservation reserves, travelling stock routes and native production forests where domestic grazing is approved via permit. We also included recent grazing by kangaroos and rabbits, which occur widely with livestock across the study sites. Structural equation modelling revealed that recent sheep and cattle grazing was associated with increased exotic plant cover in two of the three communities (cypress pine, black box), and historic grazing was associated with lower exotic (and native) plant cover across all communities. Recent cattle grazing-induced reductions in exotic plant cover in the red gum community resulted from declines in the palatable exotic annual grass Ehrharta longiflora. Higher intensity grazing by rabbits, sheep and cattle in the cypress pine community increased exotic plant cover by suppressing the negative effect of native cover on exotic cover. Higher intensity rabbit grazing reinforced the negative effect of nitrogen on native plant cover, resulting in increases in exotic cover. Overall, we found strong evidence that domestic livestock grazing reduces native plant cover either directly or indirectly in all three communities, but limited evidence that it would be a useful conservation management strategy to reduce exotic plant cover in these communities.
Prediction Graduate Student Use Naive Bayes Classifier

Student graduation is important in the accreditation assessment process. Because student graduation there are standards that must be Achieved by the Study Program items, namely a four-year study period and a 3.0 GPA. Therefore we need a prediction that can Anticipate from the beginning of the graduation standard level that has been set. This study aims to predict student graduation using Naïve Bayes Classifier with a data mining approach. Naïve Bayes provides accurate prediction results with a minimum error rated compared to all other data mining components. With the prediction of the student, graduation can be used as input, especially the Information System Study Program in making policies for improvement in the future. The software used in data processing is WEKA. The test results showed that from the Information Systems Study Program Faculty of Computer Science Faculty of Sriwijaya University in 2015 as many as 141 students as training data and in 2016 as many as 127 students as testing data, the prediction accuracy was 97,6378%.
Fenologia de Rubiaceae do sub-bosque em floresta Atlântica no sudeste do Brasil

Phenological studies of different species within a single family occuring in the same habitat, may help to understand the possible factors regulating the phenophases. During 14 months, we observed the vegetative and reproductive phenological patterns of ten understorey species of Rubiaceae of a Brazilian Atlantic forest, Nucleo Picinguaba, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Leaf production and leaf fall occurred simultaneously in all studied species, throughout the observation period, resulting an evergreen appearance to the understorey. Flowering was also observed along the year, althougth the number of species flowering was higher during the wettest and hotest season. Our result contrasts with the seasonal flowering pattern observed for canopy species of Rubiaceae at the same area. The correlations between rainfall, temperature and Rubiaceae flowering were not significant. The fruit production was distributed along the study period, increasing at the end of the rainy season, resulting in a continuous availability of resources for frugivores. Reproductive phenological patterns differed among the Rubiaceae species in such a way that different factors seem to be regulating the phenophases of each species.
Parameterization of Radiation Fog-Top Height and Methods Evaluation in Tianjin

Different methods have been developed to estimate the fog-top height of radiation fog and evaluated using the measurements obtained from a 255-m meteorological tower located in Tianjin in 2016. Different indicators of turbulence intensity, friction velocity (u*), turbulence kinetic energy (TKE), and variance of vertical velocity (σw2) were used to estimate the fog-top height, respectively. Positive correlations between the fog-top height and u*, TKE, and σw2 were observed, with empirical parameterization schemes H = 583.35 × u * 1.12 , H = 205.4 × ( T K E ) 0.68 , and H = 420.10 × ( σ w 2 ) 0.51 being obtained. Among them, σw2 is the most appropriate indicators of turbulence intensity to estimate the fog-top height. Compared with sensible flux and condensation rate, the new form of convective velocity scale (w*) was the most appropriate indicator of buoyancy induced by radiative cooling, and the relationship H = 328.33 × w * 1.34 was obtained. σw2 and with w*, which represents the intensity of turbulence and buoyancy, were used to estimate the fog-top height. The relationship H = 396.26 × (σw + 0.1 × w*) − 16 was obtained, which can be used to accurately estimate the fog-top height. Moreover, the temperature convergence (TC) method was used to estimate the fog-top height; however, the results strongly rely on the threshold value.
Robust Power Sharing Control for Parallel Three-phase Inverters Against Voltage Measurement Errors

In islanded microgrids, distributed generations (DGs) have been increasingly employed through parallel voltage source inverters (VSIs). To fully utilize the VSI capacity and avoid overloading, the total load power is expected to be accurately shared among VSIs based on their power ratings. However, it is revealed that even small voltage measurement scaling errors may severely deteriorate the power sharing by injecting positive- and negative-sequence circulating currents. An explicit analysis indicates that this issue cannot be avoided if the conventional voltage-feedback control is adopted with an accurate fundamental voltage tracking ability. To solve this problem, a hybrid feedback and feedforward control is proposed, which makes the power sharing robust against voltage measurement errors. In specific, the feedforward control is utilized to enhance the unbalanced and reactive power sharing by reshaping the VSI fundamental output impedance. Meanwhile, the feedback-based impedance shaping control is also employed to improve the harmonic power sharing. As no communication and sensor error knowledge are required, the proposed control scheme provides a simple but effective solution for decentralized power sharing among parallel three-phase VSIs. Finally, both simulation and experimental results are provided for verification.
Sixty years of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) yarding in a Gray Wolf (Canis lupus)–deer system

This article synthesizes information from over a six-decade period of studies of White-tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) use of a winter yard and subject to Gray Wolf ( Canis lupus ) predation in northeastern Minnesota. It also adds spring migration data from 35 adult female deer and fawns studied there during 1998, 1999, 2001, 2014, and 2017. Twenty-nine of these deer migrated in spring a mean distance of 29 km (SE = 4), a maximum distance of 78 km, and at a mean bearing of 83° (SE = 12; range 21–348). These findings are similar to those from 49 deer (both sexes) from the same yard studied during 1974–1984, that migrated a mean distance of 25 km (SE = 1.8) and a mean bearing of 77° ± 4 SE. Between the two periods, the wolf population fluctuated considerably, the winter range of deer in the area where these deer spent summer greatly diminished, and both derechos and fires disturbed the habitat. This study attests to the selective advantage of the migratory tradition of deer in this yard.
Effect of conidia production temperature on germination and infectivity of Alternaria helianthi

Conidia of an isolate of Alternaria helianthi produced under different temperatures were studied for growth and infectivity on hosts and non-hosts. Infective conidia (5 x 10 4 conidia per ml) caused blight disease on 2- to 3-week-old hosts, including sunflower (Helianthus annuus), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), and common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), within 24 h of treatment. Disease symptoms included necrosis, stunting, wilting, and mortality of susceptible species. The fungus grew well from 18 to 30°C, but growth was more rapid at 28 and 30°C. More conidia were produced at 18 to 26°C than at 28 or 30°C. Infectivity decreased as conidia production temperature increased. The conidia produced at 28 and 30°C were noninfective on their hosts. Infectivity was greatest when conidia had thick cell walls, high percent germination, and high number of germ tubes. Conidia produced at 18 to 22°C germinated more rapidly than did conidia produced at 26 to 30°C. Regardless of production temperature, germination was greater on host plants than on nonhost plants or filter paper. Histochemical studies showed that conidia produced at lower temperatures stained lightly for lipids and proteins and intensely for polysaccharides. Conidia produced at 28°C were either empty or had gutuoles of lipids and only traces of proteins or polysaccharides. The conclusion drawn was that cellular degeneration at the higher temperatures was responsible for the reduced germination and infectivity.
Relationship of Lipid Content to Size and Condition in Walleye Fingerlings from Natural and Aquacultural Environments

Abstract Condition indices are widely used in the evaluation of fish populations, but most research on the relationship of condition indices to body composition has taken place in laboratory environments. Our objectives were to assess the relative ability of measures of size and three versions of condition index to predict the lipid content of fingerling walleyes Sander vitreus from aquacultural or natural environments. Fingerlings were either intensively cultured through the fall of 1994, were stocked and spent 3–4 months at large in four lakes, or were intensively cultured and maintained overwinter in hatchery ponds. Variation in condition indices accounted for less than 35% of the variation in lipid. No index performed substantially better than the others. The relationship of condition to lipid content was not consistent between environments or seasons (ANCOVA: F = 403.4, P < 0.0005). Relationships were also different among the four lake populations (ANCOVA: F = 33.9, P < 0.0005). Inconsistencies seem .
A Shapelet Transform Classification over Uncertain Time Series

A shapelet is a time-series subsequence that can represent local, phase-independent similarity in shape. Time series classification with subsequences can save computing cost, improve computing speed and improve algorithm accuracy. The shapelet-based approaches for time series classification have an advantage of interpretability. Concentrating on uncertain time series, this paper tries to apply the shapelet-based method to classify uncertain time series. Due to the high dimensions of time series, the number of the generated candidate shapelets is generally huge. As a result, the calculation amount is large too. To deal with this problem, in this paper, we introduce a piecewise linear representation (PLR) method for uncertain time series based on key points so that the traditional shapelet discovery algorithm can be improved efficiently. We verify our approach with experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed shapelet algorithm can be used for uncertain time series and it can provide classification accuracy well while reducing time cost.
Distribution and Primary Productivity of the Epizoic Macroalga Boldia erythrosiphon (Rhodophyta) in a Small Alabama Stream

The contribution of autochthonous carbon to a small stream by the epizoic red macroalga Boldia erythrosiphon was determined from December 1985 through April 1986 in Little Schultz Creek, Alabama. Boldia grew almost exclusively on the snail species Elimia clara and E. cahawbensis. A mean of 323 snails/m2 was found in the stream, 49% of which had the alga attached. Elimia clara was nearly four times as abundant as E. cahawbensis and Boldia was significantly more associated with the former than with the latter snail. The differential distribution of the alga may be due to behavioral differences, E. clara preferring erosional sites with higher current rather than depositional sites. Boldia on snails contributed a mean of 37 mg C m-2 d-1 from January through April 1986 and a total of nearly 2 g C/m2 for the season. The latter value is one third of the seasonal primary production of epilithic algae on cobble measured in a previous study, and, when added to it, changes the annual pattern of autochthonous production in this stream. The productivity of the macroalga illustrates the importance of animals in providing substrata for algae in streams. In addition to the presence of snails, a combination of factors including total light input, the chemical nature of substrata, differential grazing pressure, and substratum availability may affect colonization and growth of Boldia.