Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CT- versus MRI-Based Imaging for Thrombolysis and Mechanical Thrombectomy in Ischemic Stroke: Analysis from the Austrian Stroke Registry

Background and Purpose It is unclear whether a particular stroke imaging modality offers an advantage for the acute stroke treatment. The aim of this study was to compare procedure times, efficacy and safety of thrombolysis and/or thrombectomy based on computed tomography (CT) versus magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acute stroke imaging. Methods Data of stroke patients who received intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or mechanical thrombectomy (MT) were extracted from a nationwide, prospective stroke unit registry and categorized according to initial imaging modality. Study endpoints included procedure times, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), early neurological improvement, 3-month functional outcome by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and mortality. Results Stroke patients (n=16,799) treated with IVT and 2,248 treated with MT were included. MRI-guided patients (n=2,599) were younger, had less comorbidities and higher rates of strokes with unknown onset as compared to CT-guided patients. In patients treated with IVT, no differences were observed regarding the rates of functional outcome by mRS 0–1 (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71 to 1.05), sICH (adjusted OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.61 to 1.08), and mortality (adjusted OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.22). Patients undergoing MT selected by MRI as compared to CT showed equal rates of functional outcome by mRS 0–2 (adjusted OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.16), sICH (adjusted OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.51 to 1.69), and mortality (adjusted OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.35 to 1.09). MRI-guided patients showed a significant intrahospital delay of about 20 minutes in both the IVT and the MT group. Conclusions This large non-randomized comparison study indicates that CT- and MRI-guided patient selection for IVT/MT may perform equally well in terms of functional outcome and safety.
Biodiversity and Structure of Microbial Community in Glacial Melts and Soil in the High Arctic Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard

Ny-Ålesund in Svalbard is a complex area with both continental and tidal glaciers. There are a lot of studies on prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities in coastal water and soil, but without studies in glacial-related waters. We make a distinctive and consolidated study on the structure of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities of pure glacial meltwater, glacial melting lake, glacial meltwater flowing via different types of soil at various elevations, estuarine glacial water and marine water. Moreover, we analyze the environmental–microbial relationships of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities via a canonical correspondence analysis and redundant analysis compared by a Pearson analysis. We found that there were distinct microbes in different environments. Altitude had significant correlations with prokaryotic and eukaryotic species in the 12 water samples (ppro = 0.001, npro = 1010, and peuk = 0.012, npro = 1651) (Pearson analysis). Altitude, temperature and salinity, respectively, accounted for 28.27%, 10.86% and 8.24% in the prokaryotic community structure and 25.77%, 17.72% and 3.46% in the eukaryotic, respectively, in water. Nitrogen, silicate and pH accounted for 38.15%, 6.15% and 2.48% in the prokaryotic community structure in soil and 26.65%, 12.78% and 8.66% in the eukaryotic. Eukaryotes were more stable than prokaryotes in changing environments. Cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates better adapt to a warming environment. Gammaproteobacteria and Chrysophysceae were most abundant in soil. Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia, Mamiellophyceae and Prasinophytae were most abundant in water. Within these microbes, Bacilli and Chlorophyceae were only found in glaciers; Actinobacteria, KD94-96, Thermleophilia, Embryophyta, Trebouxiophyceae and Sordariomycetes were unique to soil.
Multiple centrality assessment of location preferences of retail and services in Petrópolis, Brazil

Abstract This article examines the location choices of retail and service activities in Petrópolis, a medium-sized city in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. It uses the Multiple Centrality Assessment (MCA) method to measure centrality indices such as closeness, betweenness, and straightness, which capture the location advantage for each node being how close to all other nodes, being how often traversed by the shortest paths connecting all pairs of nodes, and deviating how much from the straight-line connections in the street network, respectively. The kernel density estimation (KDE) is then used to convert both business locations and MCA values at nodes to raster pixels to facilitate the Pearson correlation analysis. Results indicate that all business types are associated with the three centrality indices with statistical significance, but the association strengths vary across business types. Among the 17 business types, auto mechanical shop, car sales and food retail are most competitive in the locations with the highest centrality measures, and especially in closeness. For other businesses, they tend to value betweenness more than the other two centralities.
Optical and infrared light curves of the eclipsing X-ray binary V395 Car = 2S 0921−630

We present results of optical and infrared photometric monitoring of the eclipsing low-mass X-ray binary V395 Car (2S 0921−630). Our observations reveal a clear, repeating orbital modulation with an amplitude of about 1 mag in B and V, and a little less in J. Combining our data with archival observations spanning about 20 years, we derive an updated ephemeris with orbital period 9.0026 ± 0.0001 d. We attribute the modulation to a combination of the changing aspect of the irradiated face of the companion star and eclipses of the accretion disc around the neutron star. Both appear to be necessary as a secondary eclipse of the companion star is clearly seen. We model the B, V and J light curves using a simple model of an accretion disc and companion star and find a good fit is possible for binary inclinations of 82. °2 ± 1. °0. We estimate the irradiating luminosity to be about 8 × 1035 erg s−1, in good agreement with X-ray constraints.
In vivo investigation of DMSA-coated magnetic fluid

Summary form only given. Magnetic fluids (MFs) have been used as a promising technological basis for biomedical applications. In the present study a biocompatible magnetic fluid (BMF) sample is given as an intravenous bolus dose to mice. Magnetic resonance (MR) and light microscopy (LM) are used to investigate the biodistribution of the nanomagnetic-based material over several organs and the time-decay of the BMF sample in the blood circulation, up to four hours after injection. The BMF sample used in this study contains magnetite nanoparticles surface-coated with DMSA to obtain a stable sample at physiological pH and salinity.
Probing light stop pairs at the LHC

In this work, we study the light stop pair signals at the LHC. We explore the supersymmetry parameter space with nonuniversal gaugino and third-generation masses at the grand unified theory scale. Recent LHC supersymmetry search results based on 35 pb(-1) and 1 fb(-1) of data are implemented to put the limits on stop pair events. The dark matter relic density and direct detection constraints are also taken into account. Detailed simulations on the signals and background for some benchmark points are performed, and it is found that the stop pair signals usually escape the LHC search if the present cut conditions are used. We also explore the potential and sensitivity of ILC to probe such scenarios. It is found that the ILC can detect them with an integrated luminosity of a few tens of fb(-1).
Time-Resolved Measurements for the Detection of Clogging Mechanisms

The effects of clogging in pumps are manifold and change over time. This is demonstrated with time-resolved observations of the operating data on a test rig at the chair of fluid system dynamics of the Technische Universität Berlin. On the test rig, the head, flow, power consumption and efficiency of different pumps operating with artificial wastewater are recorded. In the data, different clogging behavior reflect in the operating parameters. There are three major clogging-induced characteristics to be differentiated in the time-resolved measurements. For some aggregates there is a rapid drop in the hydraulic parameters right from the start due to initial clogging, with following stagnating performance. This is showcased on a semi-open two-channel impeller, where efficiency drops by 40 % at the very beginning of the measurement and subsequently stagnates. In other cases, like demonstrated here on a closed two-channel impeller, the operating parameters decline continuously over the entire measurement period due to increasing clogging. In the showcased example, the efficiency drops by over 40% in the first six minutes of the measurement due to initial clogging and keeps declining till the end for another 6%. Lastly, there are cases where self-cleansing mechanisms are identified. It is further shown that this phenomenon also highly varies in its timing and hydraulic effects. Finally, it is concluded that all operating parameters must be monitored to generate sufficient knowledge about the clogging behavior of a given aggregate. Additionally, longer observation times are necessary to sufficiently identify effects like the self-cleansing of an impeller.
Planning for a Class of Sequential Control Problems

Sequential control is probably the most common control problem in industry. Despite its importance, fairly little theoretical research has been devoted to this problem, and practical problems are typically solved by ad hoc methods, sometimes quite time-consuming.Sequential control is really a planning problem. In this thesis, we describe and analyse sequential problems in a systematic way based on a formalism from artificial intelligence (AI). We focus on solving the planning prblem, i.e., the problem of finding a sequence of actions which transforms a given initial state into a desired final state.The complexity of planning using a method based on exhaustive search increases exponentially with the number of state variables, ans so there is a need for alternative methods.We suggest a method for solving the planning problem for a class of sequential problems. The complexity of this method increases polynomially with the number of state variables. The method is proven correct and complete, and it always returns a minimal plan if there is a plan at all. We also discuss how planning can be handled outside this subclass.
Tilted physics: A cosmologically dipole-modulated sky

Physical constants and cosmological parameters could vary with position. On the largest scales such variations would manifest themselves as gradients across our Hubble volume, leading to dipole modulations of the cosmic microwave background anisotropies. Here we derive the cosmic microwave background covariance matrix for models with such gradients, and show that they generically lead to a correlation between adjacent multipoles in the spherical harmonic expansion of the sky. Our results generalize previous studies of anisotropic primordial spectra: essentially any quantity which can be considered as a parameter of the cosmological model could in principle be modulated in this way, yielding a distinctive signal which should be searched for in future data sets. For the case of the fine structure constant ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{e}$, we find that the Planck satellite could detect variations as low as $\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{e}/{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{e}\ensuremath{\approx}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ across our observable volume.
Fluxo difusivo de fosfato em solos do Seridó Paraibano

A difusão é o principal meio de transporte do fósforo (P) no solo e depende de vários fatores, como a interação do P com os componentes da fase sólida, textura, mineralogia da fração argila, umidade, compactação e fonte fosfatada. Assim, dada a variação de solos no Seridó Paraibano, é de se esperar variação no fluxo difusivo de P. Objetiva-se com esse estudo analisar o efeito de níveis de fósforo no fluxo difusivo de fosfato em solos representativos do Seridó Paraibano. Foram utilizadas amostras, coletadas na camada 0-20 cm de profundidade, de seis solos representativos. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, em fatorial 6 × 5, sendo seis solos e cinco níveis de P (0, 10, 20, 30 e 40% da capacidade máxima de sorção de P). Para estimativa do fluxo difusivo de P utilizou-se como unidades experimentais anéis de PVC com 5 cm de altura e 10 cm de diâmetro interno, com volume de solo de 300 cm3 que serviram como câmara de difusão que receberam os solos e as doses em estudo. Para avaliação do fluxo difusivo de P nos solos, utilizou-se o papel de troca aniônica (PA) que permaneceu em contato com o solo por 15 dias. Após esse período a quantidade de P retida do PA foi quantificada. Os níveis de P promoveram o aumento do fluxo difusivo do fosfato de forma linear, com exceção do neossolo flúvico onde não foi verificada resposta significativa. O maior fluxo de P foi verificado para o planossolo (0,0753 µmol cm-²/15 dias), seguido pelo Neossolo regolítico (0,0510 µmol cm-²/15 dias). O neossolo flúvico foi o solo que apresentou menor fluxo difusivo (0,0274 µmol cm-²/15 dias). Conclui-se que a aplicação de P aumentou o fluxo difusivo do fosfato e que o fluxo difusivo de P foi maior no planossolo e menor no neossolo flúvico.
SAFE: a deep-learning-based software for catch-control of small-scale fishing boats in Chile

This paper presents SAFE, a prototype system for supporting the fish landings control of small-scale fishing boats in Chile. SAFE is a modern solution for fishery inspection that automatically discriminates fish species using machine learning. Here, we present a version of SAFE that classifies five target pelagic fish species in Chile: anchovy, Chilean jack mackerel, hake, mote sculpin, and sardine. The system has two stages; the first detects and segments all fish appearing in an image. These segmented images then feed the second stage, which perform species classification. A database of approximately 266 images from these five fish species was constructed for training, validation, and testing purposes. For the fish detection stage, we exploited transfer learning to train Mask R-CNN architectures, an instance segmentation model. As for the fish species classification stage, we exploited transfer learning to train ResNet50 and VGG16 deep learning architectures. Results show that SAFE achieves between 90% and 96.3% macro-average precision (MP) when classifying the five fish species mentioned above. The best architecture, composed of a Mask R-CNN-based detector and a VGG16-based classifier, achieves an MP of 96.3%, which could process a single fish as quick as 16.67 FPS, and one whole 1920x1080-pixel image as quick as 2 FPS.
McStas: Past, present and future

The McStas neutron ray-tracing simulation package is a collaboration between Riso DTU, ILL, University of Copenhagen and the PSI. During its lifetime, McStas has evolved to become the world leading software in the area of neutron scattering simulations for instrument design, optimisation, virtual experiments and science. McStas is being actively used for the design-update of the European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund. This paper includes an introduction to the McStas package, recent and ongoing simulation projects. Further, new features in releases McStas 1.12c and 2.0 are discussed.
Berry curvature and the anomalous Hall effect in Heusler compounds

Berry curvatures are computed for a set of Heusler compounds using density functional (DF) calculations and the wave functions that DF provide. The anomalous Hall conductivity is obtained from the Berry curvatures. It is compared with experimental values in the case of Co$_2$CrAl and Co$_2$MnAl. A notable trend cannot be seen but the range of values is quite enormous. The results for the anomalous Hall conductivities and their large variations can be qualitatively understood by means of the band structure and the Fermi-surface topology.
Evaluating the Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on the Seasonal Trends and Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Moisture

Soil moisture (SM), as a crucial variable in the soil–vegetation–atmosphere continuum, plays an important role in the terrestrial water cycle. Analyzing SM’s variation and driver factors is crucial to maintaining ecosystem diversity on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and ensuring food security as well as water supply balance in developing countries. Gradual wetting of the soil has been detected and attributed to precipitation in this area. However, there is still a gap in understanding the potential mechanisms. It is unclear whether the greening, glacier melting, and different vegetation degradation caused by asymmetrical climate change and intensified human activities have significantly affected the balance of SM. Here, to test the hypothesis that heterogeneous SM caused by precipitation was subject to temperatures and anthropogenic constraints, GLDAS-2.1 (Global Land Data Assimilation System-2.1) SM products combined with the statistical downscaling and Geographic detectors were applied. The results revealed that: (1) Seasonal SM gradually increased (p < 0.05), while SM deficit frequently appeared with exposure to extreme climates, such as in the summer of 2010 and 2013, and changed into a pattern of precipitation transport to western dry lands in autumn. (2) There was a synergistic reaction between greening and local moisture in autumn. SM was dominated by low temperature (TMN) in winter, warming indirectly regulated SM by exacerbating the thawing of glaciers and permafrost. The spatial coupling between the faster rising rate of TMN and the frozen soil might further aggravate the imbalance of SM. (3) The land cover’s mutual transformation principally affected SM in spring and autumn, and degradation accelerated the loss of SM replenished by precipitation. (4) Land cover responses were different; SM in grassland was less affected by external disturbance, while degraded woodland and shrub performed adaptive feedback under dry environments, SM increased by 0.05 and 0.04 m3/(m3 10a), respectively. Our research provides a scientific basis for improving hydrological models and developing vegetation restoration strategies for long-term adaptation to TP-changing environments.
Morphological and Molecular Characterizations of Musa (ABB) ‘Mali-Ong’ in Thailand

Simple Summary The banana cultivar Musa (ABB) ‘Mali-Ong’ is widely used in the processed food industry in Thailand, where it determines the quality of the products. However, the sub-cultivars of ‘Nam Wa Mali-Ong’ are almost indistinguishable, with few morphological differences and minimal genetic variation. This study used 77 morphological characteristics and two types of molecular markers to distinguish Nam Wa Mali-Ong from other cultivars. The study also assessed the genetic variation of nine ‘Nam Wa Mali-Ong’ clones and compared them with 10 other samples of bananas with different genomes or chromosome sets. The molecular markers grouped the ‘Nam Wa Mali-Ong’ samples. Four clones (A, B, D, and I) were superior and had higher bunch weights. This study will be useful for germplasm evaluation and future ‘Nam Wa Mali-Ong’ improvements. Abstract Musa (ABB) ‘Mali-Ong’ is an economically important banana cultivar in Thailand. We morphologically and molecularly characterized ‘Nam Wa Mali-Ong’. Leaf blade width was the only statistically different morphological character among the clones. To determine genetic variation, nine ‘Nam Wa Mali-Ong’ clones were compared with 10 samples of Musa ABB, AA, and BB cultivars by fingerprinting using seven pairs of sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and eight inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The SRAP and ISSR primers generated 65 and 76 amplicons, respectively, of which 57 (87.7%) and 62 (81.6%) amplicons, respectively, were polymorphic; the polymorphic information content was 0.28–0.49. The SRAP data revealed two distinct groups: Group I, comprising two subgroups (one including all ABB samples and the other containing the BB genome accessions), and Group II, comprising the AA genome accessions. The ISSR data revealed two groups: Group I, which incorporated the AA (Hom Champa) genome, and Group II, consisting of two subgroups: Subgroup A, comprising only the AA (Hom Chan) accessions, and subgroup B, comprising all the ABB accessions and wild banana M. balbisiana (BB genome). The ‘Nam Wa Mali-Ong’ samples clustered together, regardless of the markers used. SRAP and ISSR markers will be useful for germplasm evaluation and future Musa (ABB) improvements.
Numerical Investigation on Shell and Tube Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage with External Heat Losses Partially Filled with Metal Foam

An investigation on a Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage System (LHTESS) based on a phase change material (PCM) partially filled with metal foam is accomplished. The geometry of the system under investigation is a vertical shell and tube LHTES made with two concentric aluminum tubes with an internal circular tube. The internal surface of the hollow cylinder is assumed at a constant temperature above the melting temperature of the PCM. The external upper and lower surfaces are assumed adiabatic whereas heat losses toward the ambient on the lateral surface of the external cylinder are considered. A numerical model is employed to simulate the behavior of the PCM embedded with the metal foam. The phase change of the PCM is modeled with the enthalpy porosity theory while the metal foam is considered as porous media using the Darcy-Forchheimer law. The results are given in terms of average liquid fraction, average temperature, enthalpy and heat loss. It is shown that the metal foam filling ratio increase determines a decrease of melting time whereas the increase of external heat transfer causes a decrease of the stored energy and an increase of melting time.
Hard X-ray variability of V404 Cygni during the 2015 outburst

Aims. Hard X-ray spectra of black hole binaries (BHB) are produced by Comptonization of soft seed photons by hot electrons near the black hole. The slope of the resulting ray spectra is governed by two main parameters: the electron temperature and the optical depth of the emitting plasma. Given the extreme brightness of V404~Cyg during the 2015 outburst, we aim to constrain the source spectral properties using an unprecedented time resolution in hard X-rays, and to monitor their evolution over the outburst. Methods. We have extracted and analyzed 602 X-ray spectra of V404 Cyg obtained by the IBIS/ISGRI instrument on-board INTEGRAL during the 2015 June outburst, using effective integration times ranging between 8 and 176000 seconds. We have fit the resulting spectra in the 20-200 keV energy range. Results. We find that while the light curve and soft X-ray spectra of V404 Cyg are remarkably different from those of other BHBs, the spectral evolution of V404~Cyg in hard X-rays and the relations between the spectral parameters are consistent with those observed in other BHBs. We identify a hard branch} where the electron temperature is anti-correlated with the hard X-ray flux, and a soft flaring branch where the relation reverses. In addition, we find that during long X-ray plateaus detected at intermediate fluxes, the thermal Comptonization models fail to describe the spectra. However, the statistics improve if we allow the absorption to vary freely in the fits to these spectra. Conclusions. We conclude that the hard branch in V404 Cyg is analogous to the canonical hard state of BHBs. V404~Cyg never seems to enter the canonical soft state, although the soft flaring branch bears resemblance to the BHB intermediate state and ultra-luminous state. The X-ray plateaus are likely the result of absorption by a Compton-thick outflow which reduces the observed flux by a factor of about 10. [abridged]