Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE CLASSIFICATION USING THE GMM APPROACH

Environmental noise recognition is becoming doubtlessly an essential component of computer science and robotics as it simulates the important function of human hearing. It has applications in fields such as industry, urban or ecology monitoring solutions, allowing to identify flaws or threats in industrial processes or ecological aspects. We propose, and experiment several methods, based on the GMM approach, for sound recognition. The first approach applies the sheer GMM to several feature sets, including LPC and Mel-cepstral features, for closed-set identification. The second one is GMM-UBM, applied on the same types of features, to carry out open-set sound identification. It is intended to consolidate the recognition process by classifying uninteresting sounds outside the significant classes. We considered three types of noise: chainsaw, vehicles, and typical forest noise but intend to extend our research to more categories and to design a system meant to detect environmental threats.
The nature of technology and its effect on the introduction of learning technologies

The development of adequate student conceptions of the nature of technology has followed in the footsteps of the work on the nature of science. Not only the students' but teacher's, education administrators' and curriculum writer's understanding of the nature of technology is of vast importance, given the unquestioning way technology is working its way into the educational culture. The purpose of this case study was to determine the technological literacy of the senior science students and teachers of a single sex secondary school. The study was conducted over a period of18 month using a variety of qualitative instruments. The students and staff were surveyed to determine their beliefs about technology and its relationship with science. These results were preliminary to identifying the power structure needed to introduce information collecting technology (or learning technologies) into Senior Physics. The power structure was identified using Callon (1986, 1987) Actor Network Theory (ANT) and explained using Latour's (1987) theories on ANT. The study found that both staff and students had similar beliefs about technology and thought it was associated with computers, progress and making life easier. Both groups thought that technology was applied science. Whilst these beliefs were found to help the introduction of learning technologies the main power levers identified were the neo progressive Physics coordinator and Physics technician, combined with the linkage of learning technologies to assessment tasks. The case study also found that the staff and students' naive beliefs about technology meant that the opportunity to use learning technologies as instruments to explain the relationship between science and technology, was being lost.
Mathematische Modellierung der Oberflächenänderung von Erythrozyten aufgrund mechanischer Einwirkungen

In a natural and laboratory environment, erythrocytes show many different shapes. Their normal shape is a biconcave disc, but, for passing through capillaries, they can assume a cup-like shape. When in contact with objects like a glass slide, microfibers or other erythrocytes, new shapes are observed. Through modeling of the bending energy of their membrane with additional terms for area and volume conservation and the contact, it is possible to explain many of the shapes. The membrane is described as a two-dimensional surface and the bending energy is a function of its geometrical properties. The resulting shapes are the minima of this energy. They are found through moving a starting surface with the gradient flow, i. e. a velocity which minimizes the energy. This involves a partial differential equation of order four which is solved numerically by the means of the finite element method. The biconcave disk and the cup-like shape are observed. The shapes for the contact with a glass slide or microfibers are similar to these in nature. The contact of two erythrocytes with each other is also simulated.
The aging of organic aerosol in the atmosphere : chemical transformations by heterogeneous oxidation

The immense chemical complexity of organic particulate matter (“aerosol”) has left the general field of condensed-phase atmospheric organic chemistry relatively under-developed when compared with either gas-phase chemistry or the formation of inorganic compounds. In this work, we endeavor to improve the general understanding of the narrow class of oxidation reactions that occur at the interface between the particle surface and the gas-phase.
Multifunctional complexes for molecular devices

Les semi-conducteurs organiques a base d’aluminium ont ete systematiquement synthetises et caracterises par methodes photo-physiques et electrochimiques. Une etude de leur relation structure-proprietes electroniques a ete menee. Les orbitales frontieres ont ete comparees a celles obtenues par calcul. De nouvelles methodes ont ete utilisees permettant une description de la morphologie des SCOs et un calcul de mobilite des porteurs de charges associes. La mobilite des trous dans Al(Op)3 a ete mesuree sur des transistors en film minces: 0.6-2.1×10−6cm2V−1s−1. Par des techniques de spectroscopie en photoemission, la surface de l’hybride Co/Al(Op)3 a ete sondee, revelant deux etats d’interfaces hybrides, ou la polarisation de spin de HIS1 est 8% plus elevee comparee au cobalt nu, et 4% plus faible dans HIS2. Enfin, des aimant moleculaires a base de phenalenyle ont ete etudies. [Dy(Op)2Cl(HOp)(EtOH)] presente notamment un gap energetique de 43.8K et un temps de relaxation de 5x10-4 s.
Hierarchical architecture of WS2 nanosheets on graphene frameworks with enhanced electrochemical properties for lithium storage and hydrogen evolution

Hierarchical architecture of ultrathin interlayer-expanded WS2 nanosheets supported on three-dimensional graphene (3DG) frameworks is fabricated by a facile hydrothermal method for the first time. The 3DG frameworks could provide large surface area for assembling WS2 nanosheets and continuous pathways for rapid electron transfer and ion transport; and the WS2 nanosheets with an expanded interlayer spacing of 9.58 A, due to oxygen incorporation, could afford more space for lithium ion intercalation and more active sites for hydrogen evolution. The as-prepared WS2/3DG composite exhibits a high capacity of 766 mA h g−1 and excellent cycling stability for lithium storage, much better than its annealed counterpart and bulk WS2. The hydrated sheet of WS2/3DG also demonstrates boosted electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction, possessing a low onset overpotential of 75 mV and an extremely large current density of 137 mA cm−2 at 300 mV with remarkable durability. This work may open up a new pathway for improving the electrochemical properties by synergistically optimizing the electrode architectures and the intrinsic electroactivity of the active materials.
Perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions with strong antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling at first oscillation peak

We systematically developed a perpendicularly magnetized synthetic antiferromagnetically (p-SAF) coupled reference structure with strong interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) at the “first peak”, where the thickness of the Ru layer between the Co/Pt superlattice layers was 0.4–0.5 nm. A high IEC energy density (2.2 erg/cm2) and a high magnetoresistance ratio (110–150%) with an ultralow resistance-area product (2–5 Ω·µm2) were simultaneously achieved in the integrated magnetic tunnel junctions of the p-SAF structure. The use of p-SAF coupling with strong IEC is attractive because of its ability to produce highly stable and unidirectional reference layers for memory applications.
Paired-pulse facilitation achieved in protonic/electronic hybrid indium gallium zinc oxide synaptic transistors

Neuromorphic devices with paired pulse facilitation emulating that of biological synapses are the key to develop artificial neural networks. Here, phosphorus-doped nanogranular SiO2 electrolyte is used as gate dielectric for protonic/electronic hybrid indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) synaptic transistor. In such synaptic transistors, protons within the SiO2 electrolyte are deemed as neurotransmitters of biological synapses. Paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) behaviors for the analogous information were mimicked. The temperature dependent PPF behaviors were also investigated systematically. The results indicate that the protonic/electronic hybrid IGZO synaptic transistors would be promising candidates for inorganic synapses in artificial neural network applications.
Holographic Method for Blood Cell Imaging

Human blood cells (erythrocytes) were imaged by the digital holographic interference microscope (DHIM) without any preparation. DHIM represents an effective technique for 3D imaging of phase microscopic objects and measurement of their morphological parameters. It has been detected that, in addition to hematological diseases, the diseases of different genesis and external factors serve as the reason for the morphological modification of blood erythrocytes.
Base excision repair, folate deficiency and cancer

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) is the redox regulator of multiple stress-inducible transcription factors, such as NF-B, and the major 5'-endonuclease in base excision repair (BER). We utilized mice containing heterozygous gene-targeted deletion of APE1/Ref-1 (Apex +/) to determine the impact of APE1/Ref-1 haploinsufficiency on the processing of oxidative DNA damage induced by 2-nitropropane (2-NP) in the liver tissue of mice. APE1/Ref-1 haploinsufficiency results in a significant decline in NF-kB DNA binding activity in response to oxidative stress in liver. In addition, loss of APE1/Ref-1 increases the apoptotic response to oxidative stress where a significant increase in GADD45g expression, p53 protein stability and caspase activity are observed. Oxidative stress displays a differential impact on monofunctional (UDG) and bifunctional (OGG1) DNA glycosylase initiated BER in liver of Apex +/mice. APE1/Ref-1 haploinsufficiency results in a significant decline in the repair of oxidized bases (e.g., 8-OHdG), while removal of uracil is increased in liver nuclear extracts of mice using an in vitro BER assay. Apex +/mice exposed to 2-NP displayed a significant decline in 3'-OH-containing single-strand breaks and an increase in aldehydic lesions in their liver DNA suggesting an accumulation of repair intermediates of failed bifunctional DNA glycosylase initiated BER.
Regional simulation of long‐term organic carbon stock changes in cropland soils using the DNDC model: 2. Scenario analysis of management options

The development of successful agricultural policies in response to the Kyoto Protocol is aided by the identification of regions where the effects of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration measures can be maximized. We describe a modelling approach which incorporates a spatial analysis of the results from regional simulation under different management alternatives. SOC stock changes in Flemish cropland soils, simulated with the DNDC model, were previously fitted to a large data set of SOC measurements for the period 1990–2000. Using the results of this study, simulations with DNDC of SOC stock changes during the period 2006–2012 including the Kyoto commitment period were carried out at the community level for a business‐as‐usual (BAU) scenario and seven alternative agricultural management options for SOC sequestration. The baseline SOC stock decreased during that period by 0.15 t OC ha−1 year−1 compared with 0.48 t OC ha−1 year−1 in the 1990s. All alternative scenarios resulted in net SOC storage compared with the BAU scenario, but none of the individual scenarios were able to increase the average absolute SOC stock. Overall, spatial variability in SOC storage for the selected management options was strongly dependent on the current distribution of crops and associated management. The modelling approach used in this study provides a case study in regional scale modelling of SOC sequestration and is applicable to other regions in Europe with comparable intensive agriculture.
Suspensions de microgels thermosensibles à la transition vitreuse : Dynamique hétérogène, corrélation, fluctuation et réponse rotationelles d'aiguilles

Quand un liquide est refroidi suffisamment rapidement en dessous de sa temperature de solidification, il peut se former a la place du cristal un solide desordonne et hors equilibre appele verre, apres un ralentissement brutal de la dynamique du liquide. Cette transition vitreuse est tres largement repandue, mais la cause du ralentissement reste pour une grande part mal comprise. Les suspensions colloidales presentent une telle transition quand la fraction volumique en particules croit. Dans cette these, la dynamique de suspensions colloidales de microgels thermosensibles est etudiee experimentalement a l'approche de la transition vitreuse et au dela. Le diametre de ces spheres molles depend de la temperature du bain, ce qui permet de moduler de facon reversible la fraction volumique et d'etudier ainsi la transition vitreuse continument sur un seul et meme echantillon. Dans un premier temps les heterogeneites de la dynamique qui se developpent simultanement au ralentissement de la dynamique, et jouent un role theorique majeur dans les tentatives d'explication de la transition vitreuse, sont etudiees en video-microscopie. Sur des temps courts, une heterogeneite purement spatiale de la dynamique est mise en evidence. Des zones lentes et rapides de dynamique homogene coexistent dans l'echantillon, l'amplitude des variations entre zones croissant a l'approche de la transition et restent grandes dans le verre. Dans un second temps, l'extension spatiale de ces zones homogenes est mesuree en correlation d'image, et trouvee croissante a l'approche de la transition. Enfin, une methode de mesure du mouvement brownien rotationnel en trois dimensions d'aiguilles micrometriques est developpee et appliquee a la mesure des proprietes microrheologiques de fluides complexes puis a la comparaison entre fluctuations et fonction de dissipation, mesuree grâce a la reponse des aiguilles superparamagnetiques a des champs magnetiques oscillants, dans des fluides modeles puis dans des suspensions vitreuses.
Monomeric and polymeric azoinitiators

The reaction of ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 3,6-dioxaoctane-1,8-diol (triethylene glycol), poly(ethylene oxide)s with Mn = 300,1000 and 3000, or with poly(propylene oxide)s with Mn = 425 and 2000 in excess with AIBN leads to the corresponding bis(hydroxyalkyl) 2,2′-azodiisobutyrates (1a–i). These initiators are suited to synthesize telechelics. With equimolar amounts of AIBN and 3-oxapentane-1,5-diol (diethylene glycol), poly(ethylene oxide)s with Mn = 300, 1000 and 12000, poly(propylene oxide) with Mn = 425, or with poly(tetrahydrofuran) with Mn = 1000 and 2000 polymeric azoinitiators of structure 2 are formed. Blockcopolymers may be synthesized by means of these polymeric azocompounds.
Evaluierung von Offboard-Diagnosesystemen am Beispiel eines erfahrungsbasierten Diagnoseverfahrens

Die Komplexitat und die Vielzahl von Systemen im Fahrzeug steigt kontinuierlich. Dies sorgt dafur, dass die heute eingesetzten Offboard-Diagnosesysteme in absehbarer Zeit an ihre Grenzen stosen. Aus diesem Grund sind neue innovative Diagnoseverfahren und Systeme notwendig. Voraussetzung fur eine erfolgreiche Einfuhrung neuer Diagnosesysteme ist ein geeignetes Evaluationsverfahren. Der Beitrag stellt ein erweitertes dreistufiges Evaluationsverfahren vor, das beispielhaft an zwei neuartigen Diagnoseverfahren angewendet wurde.
Augmented Systems in Sports

Augmented sports systems are athletic activities in the real world that are enhanced using computer technology. This is done by changing the player experience either through an embedded system or by augmenting some perceptual experience of a player. The augmented sport systems described in this paper increase participation of players with a wider range of skill, improve the experience from a training perspective, and increase the enjoyment level of these sports for participants.
Removal of NO/sub x/ and SO/sub 2/ in plasma reactor with water film

SO/sub 2/ and NO/sub x/ have become serious air pollutants in such things as photochemical smog and acid rain. In spite of an attempt to reduce the amount of SO/sub 2/ and NO/sub x/ emitted, the density of SO/sub 2/ and NO/sub x/ in the atmosphere has remained on a stable level, or even become worse. Here, we designed a novel type of a water film corona discharge experiment model. The reactor is composed of needle-plate electrodes that are placed in a glass container filled with the flue gas, (the plate electrode is immersed in the water). In this paper, we emphasized the influence of water on removal rates of NO and SO/sub 2/. The experimental results show that the NO removal rate significant increased with increasing applied DC voltage but the SO/sub 2/ removal rate was not significantly affected by applied DC voltage and slightly improved in the presence of water film. This project is very significant for the prevention of acid rain and the treatment of dust of flue gas and the improvement on the traditional electrical dust precipitator.
Material Measurement Units: Foundations Through a Survey

Long-term availability of minerals and industrial materials is a necessary condition for sustainable development as they are the constituents of any manufacturing product. In particular, technologies with increasing demand such as GPUs and photovoltaic panels are made of critical raw materials. To enhance the efficiency of material management, in this paper we make three main contributions: first, we identify in the literature an emerging computer-vision-enabled material monitoring technology which we call Material Measurement Unit (MMU); second, we provide a survey of works relevant to the development of MMUs; third, we describe a material stock monitoring sensor network deploying multiple MMUs.
Onsets of nuclear deformation from measurments with the ISOLTRAP mass spectrometer

Mass measurements provide important information concerning nuclear structure. This work presents results from the pioneering Penning trap spectrometer Isoltrap at CERN-ISOLDE. High-precision mass measurements of neutron-rich manganese (58−66Mn) and krypton isotopes (96,97Kr) are presented, of which the 66Mn and 96,97Kr masses are measured for the first time. In particular, the mass of 97Kr was measured using the preparation trap and required the definition of a new fit function. In the case of the manganese isotopes, the N = 40 shell closure is addressed. The two-neutron-separation energies calculated from the new masses show no shell closure at N = 40 but give an estimation of the proton-neutron interaction (around 0.5 MeV) responsible for the increase of collectivity and nuclear deformation in this mass region. The new krypton masses show behavior in sharp contrast with heavier neighbors where sudden and intense deformation is present, interpreted as the establishment of a nuclear quantum shape/phase transition critical-point boundary. The new masses confirm findings from nuclear mean-square charge-radius measurements up to N = 60 but are at variance with conclusions from recent gamma-ray spectroscopy. Another part of this work was the design of new decay spectroscopy system behind the Isoltrap mass spectrometer. The beam purity achievable with Isoltrap will allow decay studies with and detection coupled to a tape-station. This system has been mounted and commissioned with the radioactive beam 80Rb.
Characterization of the NEXT-White Detector with Calibration Data

with Calibration Data J. Rennera, P. Ferrariob,c,a, M. Kekica, G. Mart́ınez-Lemaa,d , F. Monrabale,b, J.J. Gómez-Cadenasb,c,a, for the NEXT Collaboration aInstituto de F́ısica Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC & Universitat de València; bDonostia International Physics Center (DIPC); c IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science d Instituto Gallego de F́ısica de Altas Enerǵıas, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela; eDepartment of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington
P‐227: Efficient Electron Injection in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Dipotassium Phthalate as n‐Type Dopant

An efficient n‐doped electron transport layer composed of 4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (BPhen) and dipotassium phthalate (PAK2) has been developed. By temperature‐dependent admittance spectroscopy, the incorporation of PAK2 into BPhen is found to increase electron concentration in BPhen layer, resulting in raising the Fermi‐level to ∼0.5 eV below its LUMO which further enhances the efficiency of electron injection from Al cathode. When this n‐doped layer is adopted in OLED device, the green Alq3 device can achieve a current efficiency of 3.6 cd/A and a power efficiency of 2.1 lm/W at 20 mA/cm2 and lower drive voltage of 5.3 V.
Extreme ultraviolet light sources and soft x-ray laser based on discharge produced plasma

Due to the demand to realize shorter wavelength light sources, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) sources and soft x-ray laser (SXRL) are under development. The development of EUV sources at the wavelength of 13.5 nm started to realize light sources to be used for next generation lithography. Xenon was used at the beginning of development, however, to attain higher conversion efficiency, tin is now used as fuel. As a coherent light source, capillary discharge SXRL is under development. After the demonstration of Ne-like Ar SXRL by using electron collisional excitation scheme, the effort to shorten the wavelength has been made by adopting recombination scheme such as H-like N. Though the challenge has not yet been successful, the source has potential to be used as a SXR source in the water window wavelength region. Current status of EUV and SXR sources based on discharge produced plasma will be given.