Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The hp‐d‐adaptive finite cell method for geometrically nonlinear problems of solid mechanics

The finite cell method (FCM) combines the fictitious domain approach with the p‐version of the finite element method and adaptive integration. For problems of linear elasticity, it offers high convergence rates and simple mesh generation, irrespective of the geometric complexity involved. This article presents the integration of the FCM into the framework of nonlinear finite element technology. However, the penalty parameter of the fictitious domain is restricted to a few orders of magnitude in order to maintain local uniqueness of the deformation map. As a consequence of the weak penalization, nonlinear strain measures provoke excessive stress oscillations in the cells cut by geometric boundaries, leading to a low algebraic rate of convergence. Therefore, the FCM approach is complemented by a local overlay of linear hierarchical basis functions in the sense of the hp‐d method, which synergetically uses the h‐adaptivity of the integration scheme. Numerical experiments show that the hp‐d overlay effectively reduces oscillations and permits stronger penalization of the fictitious domain by stabilizing the deformation map. The hp‐d‐adaptive FCM is thus able to restore high convergence rates for the geometrically nonlinear case, while preserving the easy meshing property of the original FCM. Accuracy and performance of the present scheme are demonstrated by several benchmark problems in one, two, and three dimensions and the nonlinear simulation of a complex foam sample. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precalculus, a problems-oriented approach

1. FUNDAMENTALS. Sets of Real Numbers. Absolute Value. Solving Equations (Review and Preview). Rectangular Coordinates. Visualizing Data. Graphs and Graphing Utilities. Equations of Lines. Symmetry and Graphs. Circles. 2. EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES. Quadratic Equations: Theory and Examples. Other Types of Equations. Inequalities. More on Inequalities. 3. FUNCTIONS. The Definition of a Function. The Graph of a Function. Shapes of Graphs. Average Rate of Change. Techniques in Graphing. Methods of Combining Function. Iteration. Inverse Functions. 4. POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS. Applications to Optimization. Linear Functions. Quadratic Functions. Using Iteration to Model Population Growth (Optional Section). Setting up Equations That Define Functions. Maximum and Minimum Problems. Polynomial Functions. Rational Functions. 5. EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS. Exponential Functions. The Exponential Function y = ex. Logarithmic Functions. Properties of Logarithms. Equations and Inequalities with Logs and Exponents. Compound Interest. Exponential Growth and Decay. 6. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OF ANGLES. Trigonometric Functions of Acute Angles. Algebra and the Trigonometric Functions. Right-Triangle Applications. Trigonometric Functions of Angles. Trigonometric Identities. 7. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OF REAL NUMBERS. Radian Measure. Radian Measure and Geometry. Trigonometric Functions of Real Numbers. Graphs of the Sine and the Cosine Functions. Graphs of y = A sin(Bx-C) and y = A cos(Bx - C). Simple Harmonic Motion. Graphs of the Tangent and the Reciprocal Functions. 8. ANALYTICAL TRIGONOMETRY. The Addition Formulas. The Double-Angle Formulas. The Product-to-Sum and Sum-to-Product Formulas. Trigonometric Equations. The Inverse Trigonometric Functions. 9. ADDITIONAL TOPICS IN TRIGONOMETRY. The Law of Sines and the Law of Cosines. Vectors in the Plane, a Geometric Approach. Vectors in the Plane, an Algebraic Approach. Parametric Equations. Introduction to Polar Coordinates. Curves in Polar Coordinates. 10. SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS. Systems of Two Linear Equations in Two Unknowns. Gaussian Elimination. Matrices. The Inverse of a Square Matrix. Determinants and Cramer's Rule. Nonlinear Systems of Equations. Systems of Inequalities. 11. ANALYTIC GEOMETRY. The Basic Equations. The Parabola. Tangents to Parabolas (Optional). The Ellipse. The Hyperbola. The Focus-Directrix Property of Conics. The Conics in Polar Coordinates. Rotation of Axes. 12. ROOTS OF POLYNOMIAL EQUATIONS. The Complex Number System. Division of Polynomials. Roots of Polynomial Equations: The Remainder Theorem and the Factor Theorem. The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. Rational and Irrational Roots. Conjugate Roots and Descartes' Rule of Signs. Introduction to Partial Fractions. More About Partial Fractions. 13. ADDITIONAL TOPICS. Mathematical Induction. The Binomial Theorem. Introduction to Sequences and Series. Arithmetic Sequences and Series. Geometric Sequences and Series. DeMoivre's Theorem. Appendix 1: Using a Graphing Utility. Appendix 2: Significant Digits and Calculators. Tables. Answers to Selected Exercises. Index.
Extending a Knowledge -

Informal caregivers often complain about missing knowledge. A knowledge-based personalized educational system is developed, which provides caregiving relatives with the information needed. Yet, evaluation against domain experts indicated, that parts of the knowledge-base are incorrect. To overcome these problems the system can be extended by a learning capacity and then be trained further utilizing feedback from real informal caregivers. To extend the existing system an artificial neural network was trained to represent a large part of the knowledge-based approach. This paper describes the found artificial neural network’s structure and the training process. The found neural network structure is not deep but very wide. The training terminated after 374.700 epochs with a mean squared error of (cid:889)(cid:484)(cid:889)(cid:885)(cid:883) (cid:1499) (cid:883)(cid:882) (cid:2879)(cid:2876) for the end validation set. The neural network represents the parts of the knowledge-based approach and can now be retrained with user feedback, which will be collected during a system test in April and May 2019.
Liver-speci c LINC01146, a Promising Prognostic Indicator, Inhibits Malignant Phenotype of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Both in Vitro and in Vivo

Xiaoyun Ma Guangxi Medical University Meile Mo Guangxi Medical University Chao Tan Guangxi Medical University Jennifer Hui Juan Tan National University of Singapore Huishen Huang Guangxi Medical University Bihu Liu Guangxi Medical University Dongping Huang Guangxi Medical University Shun Liu Guangxi Medical University Xiaoyun Zeng Guangxi Medical University Xiaoqiang Qiu (  xqqiu9999@163.com ) Guangxi Medical University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9881-3664
Alpha amylase production from Aspergillus terreus UF39 using oil cakes

Different Agro – industrial wastes (Groundnut Oil cake, Coconut Oil Cake, and Mustard Oil Cake) were used as substrate for production of alpha amylase from Aspergillus terreus UF39. Parameters like effect of carbon supplements (starch, lactose, sucrose, and maltose), and nitrogen supplements (peptone, urea, ammonium sulphate, and sodium nitrate) on enzyme production were studied with optimization of incubation period and temperature. Among all oil cakes, Coconut Oil Cake showed good potential for production of alpha amylase for 6 days of optimum period at 37 ° C. Maltose and peptone were the promising supplements for production of alpha amylase using all three types of oil cakes.
A Common Stomatal Parameter Set Used to Simulate the Energy and Water Balance over Boreal and Temperate Forests

A parameter set expressing the potential response used to simulate evapotranspiration was inferred from pooled data of leaf-level stomatal conductance in the Far East. We used Jarvis-type parameterization, which consists of restriction terms of light, air dryness, temperature, and soil water. Two parameter sets, pooled common (PC) and within-site (WS)
Multi-satellite Online scheduling Method Based on Proximal Policy

8 Under the background of the rapid development of network communication and satellite 9 technology, multi-satellite online scheduling has brought many problems such as high labour 10 costs, slow response speed, low task execution efficiency and low solution efficiency. How to 11 effectively develop a real-time satellite scheduling scheme that can maximize the scheduling 12 revenue is an important issue. In this paper, the multi-satellite online scheduling process is 13 regarded as a Markov sequential decision process. When the task arrives, the scheduling 14 decision can be made according to the current scheduling situation and the task information. 15 Since the number and resources of satellites are fixed, but the information of the task itself such 16 as the number of available time windows are unpredictable, this problem can be proved as an 17 NP-Hard problem. There is no specific effective solution yet. As reinforcement learning 18 algorithm has achieved good application results in decision-making optimization problems 19 such as optimization decision, automatic control and production line scheduling, it is feasible 20 to apply reinforcement learning method to multi-satellite online scheduling. Therefore, this 21 paper studies the multi-satellite scheduling method based on reinforcement learning. This paper 22 analyses the Markov property of the basic scheduling process of the multi-satellite online 23 scheduling problem and establishes the corresponding Markov decision pro-cess. Considering 24 the influence of the periodic schedule in the online scheduling on the scheduling strategy of 25 the algorithm-decision network, an improved multi-satellite online scheduling model is 26 proposed. Finally, the model is trained by the proximal policy optimization algorithm (PPO), 27 and by comparing the simulation results with the existing multi-satellite online scheduling 28 model, we verified the validity of our model. 29
SOME NONASYMPTOTIC RESULTS ON RESAMPLING IN HIGH DIMENSION, I: CONFIDENCE REGIONS'

We study generalized bootstrap confidence regions for the mean of a random vector whose coordinates have an unknown dependency structure. The random vector is supposed to be either Gaussian or to have a symmetric and bounded distribution. The dimensionality of the vector can possibly be much larger than the number of observations and we focus on a non-asymptotic control of the confidence level, following ideas inspired by recent results in learning theory. We consider two approaches, the first based on a concentration principle (valid for a large class of resampling weights) and the second on a direct resampled quantile, specifically using Rademacher weights. Several intermediate results established in the approach based on concentration principles are of self-interest. We also discuss the question of accuracy when using Monte-Carlo approximations of the resampled quantities. We present an application of these results to the one-sided and two-sided multiple testing problem, in which we derive several resampling-based step-down procedures providing a non-asymptotic FWER control. We compare our different procedures in a simulation study, and we show that they can outperform Bonferroni's or Holm's procedures as soon as the observed vector has sufficiently correlated coordinates.
Classical Class I Locus in the Two Ancient Allelic Lineages at the Single

Unlike all other vertebrates examined to date, there is only one detectable class I locus in the Xenopus MHC. On the bases of a nearly ubiquitous and high tissue expression, extensive polymorphism, and MHC linkage, this gene is of the classical or class Ia type. Sequencing analysis of class Ia cDNAs encoded by eight deﬁned MHC haplotypes reveals two very old allelic lineages that perhaps emerged when humans and mice diverged from a common ancestor up to 100 million years ago. The unprecedented age of these lineages suggests that different class Ia genes from ancestors of the laboratory model Xenopus laevis are now expressed as alleles in this species. The lineages are best deﬁned by their cytoplasmic and a 2 peptide-binding domains, and there are highly diverse alleles (deﬁned by the a 1 peptide-binding domain) in each lineage. Surprisingly, the a 3 domains are homogenized in both lineages, suggesting that interallelic gene conversion/recombination maintains the high sequence similarity. The Journal of Immunology, 1999, 163: 3826–3833.
TMUNLP at the NTCIR-16 FinNum-3 Task: Multi-task Learning on BERT for Claim Detection and Numeral Category Classification

In financial documents, numerals often contain important information in addition to textual data. As a result, understanding the semantics and relations between numerals and words is of great interest and benefit. The main task of the NTCIR-16 FinNum-3 is fine-grained claim detection, uncovering meaning of numerals in financial reports through claim detection and numeral category classification. We proposed a system that can carry out the two tasks concurrently in this paper. Our evaluation shows that the ensemble fine-tuned BERT has the best performance with a micro averaged F 1 -score of 94.67% for the numeral category classification, and a micro averaged F 1 -score of 92.75% for the claim detection.
Controls on grain‐size distribution in an ancient sand sea

Grain‐size distribution in deserts is driven by a combination of autogenic controls such as grain abrasion and sorting due to wind transport, and allogenic controls such as provenance and spatial changes in wind‐direction. Downwind grain‐size trends in present day sand seas display contrasting results, with some showing broad downwind fining and sorting (for example, Namib and Hexi) whilst others lack any clear trend (for example, Ténére, Australian and Sinai). To determine the relative importance of autogenic and allogenic controls on grain‐size distribution in sand seas, this study examines the grain‐size distribution along the margins of the Cretaceous Botucatu palaeodesert across an area of >1 000 000 km2. To quantify the main controls on Botucatu palaeodesert grain‐size distribution, this study compares the spatial distribution of grain‐size metrics with: (i) detrital zircon geochronology as a provenance test; (ii) palaeowind patterns as a wind‐regime test; and (iii) three transects along the basin palaeomargins as a downwind abrasion test. Grain‐size dispersion shows an east to west fining pattern, which agrees with provenance control – in contrast to a north–south trend expected for the predominant wind‐regime control. In the north‐east region there is good evidence for downwind fining due to aeolian abrasion – of about 0.4 μm by kilometre, indicating that whilst downwind fining due to abrasion does occur, it is limited by the rounded nature of the available sand and possibly by a mix of different provenance sources. The results suggest that the provenance of the available sand is the primary control on the grain‐size distribution in the Botucatu sand sea and potentially in most large‐scale dune fields.
Limits and CO2 equilibration of near-coast alkalinity enhancement

Abstract. Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) has recently gained attention as a potential method for carbon dioxide removal (CDR) at gigatonne (Gt) scale, with near-coast OAE operations being economically favorable due to proximity to mineral and energy sources. In this paper we study critical questions which determine the scale and viability of OAE. Which coastal locations are able to sustain a large flux of alkalinity at minimal pH and ΩArag (aragonite saturation) changes? What is the interference distance between adjacent OAE projects? How much CO2 is absorbed per unit of alkalinity added? How quickly does the induced CO2 deficiency equilibrate with the atmosphere? Choosing relatively conservative constraints on ΔpH or ΔOmega, we examine the limits of OAE using the ECCO LLC270 (0.3∘) global circulation model. We find that the sustainable OAE rate varies over 1–2 orders of magnitude between different coasts and exhibits complex patterns and non-local dependencies which vary from region to region. In general, OAE in areas of strong coastal currents enables the largest fluxes and depending on the direction of these currents, neighboring OAE sites can exhibit dependencies as far as 400 km or more. At these steady state fluxes most regional stretches of coastline are able to accommodate on the order of 10s to 100s of megatonnes of negative emissions within 300 km of the coast. We conclude that near-coastal OAE has the potential to scale globally to several Gt CO2 yr−1 of drawdown with conservative pH constraints, if the effort is spread over the majority of available coastlines. Depending on the location, we find a diverse set of equilibration kinetics, determined by the interplay of gas exchange and surface residence time. Most locations reach an uptake efficiency plateau of 0.6–0.8 mol CO2 per mol of alkalinity after 3–4 years, after which there is only slow additional CO2 uptake. Regions of significant downwelling (e.g., around Iceland) should be avoided by OAE deployments, as in such locations up to half of the CDR potential of OAE can be lost to bottom waters. The most ideal locations, reaching a molar uptake ratio of around 0.8, include North Madagascar, California, Brazil, Peru and locations close to the Southern Ocean such as Tasmania, Kerguelen and Patagonia, where the gas exchange appears to occur faster than the surface residence time. However, some locations (e.g., Hawaii) take significantly longer to equilibrate (up to 8–10 years) but can still eventually achieve high uptake ratios.
Anti-sickling and antioxidant activities of anthocyanins extracts from Dissotis brazzae Cogn ( Melastomataceae )

Sickle cell disease is among the widespread blood disorder affecting mainly Sub-Saharan African population. Some plants are used in traditional medicine to manage this chronic and hereditary disease. Dissotis brazzae Cogn, a medicinal herb used in Congolese traditional medicine against sickle cell disease, was tested in vitro for its antisickling and antioxidant activities using the Emmel and DPPH radical tests. The results show high antisickling activity of leaves aqueous extract of this plant with a minimal normalization concentration of 11µg/mL and a maximal normalization rate of about 86%. Anthocyanins could be among active chemical groups. Indeed, anthocyanins extract from Dissotis brazzae leaves displayed a significant antisickling activity. Furthermore, the presence of anthocyanins decreases the Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ ratio in sickle red blood cells and shows an interesting radical scavenging activities with an IC50 of 43µg/mL. The antisickling activity combined to the antioxidant activity of Dissotis brazzae can justify the use of this plant in the management of sickle cell disease in Congolese traditional medicine.
Johnston, R. (2019). Not all campaigns are created equal: Temporal and spatial variability in constituency campaign spending effects in Great Britain, 1997–2015. Political Geography, 71, 36-46.

: Existing research on constituency campaigning focuses heavily on studies of single national elections, and cross-temporal variability in campaign effects is rarely addressed. Similarly, campaign effects for a party at a given election are assumed to be uniform across the territory of the relevant polity. But both assumptions are questionable. In this paper, we analyse constituency campaign spending effects at British General Elections from 1997 to 2015 to explore their stability across time and space. In doing so, we also evaluate the empirical utility of some of the arguments theorised by Fisher et al. (2011) to explain campaign variability. Our results suggest parts of the theory, while attractive, do not adequately account for the observed variability.
Real-Time Visual Localization System in Changing and Challenging Environments via Visual Place Recognition

Localization is one of the fundamental capabilities to guarantee reliable robot autonomy. Many excellent Visual-Inertial and LiDAR-based algorithms have been developed to solve the localization problem. However, deploying these methods on a real-time portable device is challenging due to high computing power and high-cost sensors (LiDAR). Another option would be Visual Place Recognition(VPR). Compared to Visual-Inertial and LiDAR-based algorithms, VPR only needs to establish relationships between observed and visited places, reducing the computing power. And it mainly uses the camera as its input sensor, which is much cheaper than LiDAR. However, most current VPR-related works do not provide an efficient and robust localization pipeline. Only a few work on VPR-based methods in real-time with portable devices in non-challenging environments. To cover the gap in the VPR field, we present a real-time VPR-based localization system in changing and challenging environments. This pipeline mainly utilizes the concept of images sequences matching. We also choose to use the omnidirectional camera for visual inputs. Compared to a pinhole camera or a fisheye camera, an omnidirectional camera provides a broader field of view, thus increasing the performance and robustness of our proposed localization pipeline. Our pipeline can also detect an agent’s off-path status and re-localize the agent once he/she is back on the path. We build a mapping rover robot with an omnidirectional camera, LiDAR, Inertial Measurement Unit(IMU), and a localization helmet with an omnidirectional camera and IMU as the portable device. Furthermore, we gather a campus-scale dataset with omnidirectional visual inputs and LiDAR inputs on ten different trajectories for eight repeated times under different illuminations and viewpoints. We show our pipeline’s quantitative performance by evaluating our collected dataset against the ground truth. We then show the qualitative performance by doing real-time demo with our robot at Carnegie Mellon University. To show the robustness and generality of our pipeline, we tested it in different changing and challenging environments, including outdoor, long, and narrow indoor corridors and narrow and dark indoor confined spaces.
Cell Longevity In Vivo T + Activation Required for B Cell and CD4 CD83 Expression Is a Sensitive Marker of

CD83 is a surface marker that differentiates immature and mature human dendritic cell populations. Thymic epithelial cell expression of CD83 is also necessary for efﬁcient CD4 (cid:1) T cell development in mice. The altered phenotypes of peripheral B and CD4 (cid:1) T cells, and the reduction of peripheral CD4 (cid:1) T cells in CD83 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice, suggest additional functions for CD83. To assess this, a panel of mAbs was generated to characterize mouse CD83 expression by peripheral leukocytes. As in humans, activation of conventional and plasmacytoid murine dendritic cell subsets led to rapid up-regulation of CD83 surface expression in mice. In primary and secondary lymphoid compartments, a subset of B cells expressed low-level CD83, while CD83 was not detected on resting T cells. However, CD83 was prominently up-regulated on the majority of spleen B and T cells within hours of activation in vitro. In vivo, a low dose of hen egg lysozyme (1 (cid:3) g) induced signiﬁcant CD83 but not CD69 expression by Ag-speciﬁc B cells withi n 4 h of Agchallenge. Although B cell development appeared normal in CD83 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice, B and CD4 (cid:1) T cell expression of CD83 was required for lymphocyte longevity in adoptive transfer experiments. Thus, the restricted expression pattern of CD83, its rapid induction following B cell and T cell activation, and its requirement for B cell and CD4 (cid:1) T cell longevity demonstrate that CD83 is a functionally signiﬁcant and sensitive marker of early lymphocyte activation in vivo. The Journal of Immunology, 2007, 179: 4550–4562.
A Context-Aware Library for Mathematical Approximations

We have built a mathematical library that includes a series of functions with different implementations with varying precision. We couple this library with a system service that monitors the computer context, including energy consumption, and according to this context, using speciﬁed rules, dynamically changes the implementations used by the target applications. Our case studies show that our library can trade-off at most of 4% degradation in application quality up to 40% savings in energy consumption.