Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multilayer transverse gradient coil design

In small, cylindrical gradient coils consisting of a single layer of wires, the limiting factor in achieving large magnetic field gradients is the rapid increase in coil resistance with efficiency. This behavior results from the decrease in the maximum usable wire diameter as the number of turns is increased. By adopting a multilayer design in which the coil wires are allowed to spread out into multiple layers wound at increasing radii, a more favorable scaling of resistance with efficiency is achieved, thus allowing the design of more powerful gradient coils with acceptable resistance values. By extending the theory used to design standard cylindrical gradient coils, mathematical expressions have been developed that allow the design of multilayer coils. These expressions have previously been applied to the design of a four-layer z-gradient coil. As a further development, the equations have now been modified to allow the design of multilayer transverse gradient coils. The variation in coil performance with the number of layers employed has been investigated for coils of a size suitable for use in NMR microscopy, and the effect of constructing the coil using wires or cuts in a continuous conducting surface has also been assessed. We find that at fixed resistance a small wire-wound two-layer coil offers an increase in efficiency of a factor of aboul 1.5 compared with a single-layer coil. In addition, a two-layer coil of 10-mm inner diameter has been designed and built. This coil had an efficiency of 0.41 Tm-1 A-1, a resistance of 0.96 ± 0.01 Ω, and an inductance of 22.3 ± 0.2 µH. The coil produces a gradient that deviates from linearity by less than 5% over a central cylindrical region of interest of height and length 6.2 mm.
A clock generator with cascaded dynamic frequency counting loops for wide multiplication range applications

This work presents a clock generator with cascaded dynamic frequency counting (DFC) loops for wide multiplication range applications. The DFC loop, which uses variable time period to estimate and tune the frequency of the digitally controlled oscillator (DCO), enhances the resolution of frequency detection. The conventional phase-frequency detector (PFD) and programmable divider are replaced with a digital arithmetic comparator and a DCO timing counter. The value in the DCO timing counter is separated into quotient and remainder vectors. A threshold region is set in the remainder vector to reduce the influence of jitter variation in frequency detection. The loop stability can be retained by cascading two DFC loops when the multiplication factor (N) is large. The proposed clock generator achieves a multiplication range from 4 to 13 888 with output peak-to-peak jitter less than 2.8% of clock period. A test chip for the proposed clock generator is fabricated in 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process with core area of 0.16 mm/sup 2/. Power consumption is 15 mW @ 378 MHz with 1.8-V supply voltage.
Implementation of the Improved Slantlet Transform Based Data Compression and Reconstruction Technique Applied to Power Quality Disturbance Signals

Wavelets are used to analyze the frequency components of a signal according to a scale. Now-a-days, wavelet transforms have been studied and applied effectively in science and technology fields. One such area of applications of digital signal processing tools is ‘Power Quality’. Present paper describes SLT used for compression of different power quality disturbance data. The performance of slantlet transform (SLT) as a novel technique, in terms of compression ratio, percentage of energy retained and mean square error present in the reconstructed signal is assessed. The different power quality events such as voltage sag, swell, harmonics, momentary interruption, voltage flicker and transient oscillation are used to analyze the performance of the new approach. Keywords— Slantlet transform, power quality, discrete wavelet transform, data compression, reconstruction.
An adjustable output driver with self-recovering Vpp generator for 4 M/spl times/16 DRAM

An adjustable output driver with a self-recovering Vpp generator for a 4 M/spl times/16 DRAM (dynamic random-access memory) is presented. Its driver characteristics can easily be changed between fast mode and slow mode in the assembly process. The driver with a small inductance load operates 2.5 ns faster in fast mode than in slow mode, and the driver in slow mode reduces the initial drive current and prevents ringing waveforms even with large inductance load. With a 5 pF capacitance load and 20 cm wire, the ringing amplitude in slow mode is reduced to 1/3 that of the fast mode. Users can choose the operation mode of the output driver according to their application. The self-recovering Vpp generators feed 16 output drivers and control the generator capacity according to the data pattern to supply the same amount of Vpp charge consumed by output drivers. The Vpp generator saves 3.9 mA on average at a 25 ns read cycle.
A General E-Commerce Data Model For Strategic Advantage: Mapping Site Structure To Site Visit Behavior

This paper includes a general data model that supports e-commerce activity. Numerous data models have been presented which support traditional business activities, but none has yet addressed the specific needs of e-commerce systems. An e-commerce system has unique opportunities to capture information about the entire online experience of each customer. Our general ecommerce data model (GEM) captures information such as the length of time a customer spends on a given web page, pictures that are examined or are “clicked on”, and the characteristics of visits which lead to customer purchases. GEM will be extremely useful to many e-commerce personnel including marketing strategists as they will be able to determine which parts of a web page visit lead to successful and unsuccessful visits. Additionally, GEM is designed to facilitate business intelligence (BI), which concerns the area of electronically monitoring competitors’ web presence. GEM can be used to monitor those accessing a given website and understanding their site behavior. GEM is presented using the CASE dialect of the entity-relationship (E/R) modeling paradigm.
An integration of data mining and data warehousing for hierarchical multimedia information retrieval

The paper presents a new approach to multimedia information retrieval with data warehousing techniques. To tackle the key issues such as multimedia data representation, storage, integration, indexing, similarity measures, searching methods and query processing, the proposed algorithms allow one: 1) to extend the concepts of conventional data warehouse and multimedia database to multimedia data warehouse for effective data representation and storage; 2) to develop a multimedia starflake schema to integrate multiple data streams for hierarchical data representation and indexing; 3) to introduce a dynamic similarity measurement scheme based on statistical feature selection criteria; 4) to apply data aggregation techniques for decision support to speed up query processing and searching. We conclude that the proposed approach can be applied to general multimedia systems with effective data storage, retrieval and integration.
Introducing Cognizer™: A Comprehensive Computer Package for the Elicitation and Analysis of Cause Maps

Managerial and organizational cognition (MOC) researchers have issued a number of calls over the years for large-scale studies involving the mass application of causal mapping techniques. A number of important advances in the development of procedures for the systematic elicitation and comparison of cause maps mean that such work has been technically feasible for some time. However, due to a dearth of suitable supporting computer software, very few researchers to date have responded to this key challenge, vital to the longer-term viability of the MOC field. Building on innovations by Langfield-Smith and Wirth and Markóczy and Goldberg, the authors report on the development of Cognizer™, a comprehensive computer package designed to meet the requirements of researchers lookingto elicit and compare large numbers of maps on a longitudinal or cross-sectional basis. The principal features of Cognizer are illustrated using a cross-sectional data set comprising 200 cause maps from five organizations.
Structure and Processing in Tunisian Arabic: Speech Error Data

This dissertation presents experimental research on speech errors in Tunisian Arabic. The nonconcatenative morphology of Arabic shows interesting interactions of phrasal and lexical constraints with morphological structure during language production. The central empirical questions revolve around properties of ‘exchange errors’. These errors can mis-order lexical, morphological, or sound elements in a variety of patterns. Arabic’s nonconcatenative morphology affords quite different and revealing error potentials to link the production system with linguistic knowledge. The dissertation studies expand and test generalizations based on Abd-El-Jawad and Abu-Salim’s (1987) study of spontaneous speech errors in Jordanian Arabic by experimentally examining apparent regularities in that data from real-time language processing perspective. The studies address alternative accounts of error phenomena that have figured prominently in accounts of production processing. Three experiments were designed and conducted based on an error elicitation paradigm used by Ferreira and Humphreys (2001). Experiment 1 tested within-phrase exchange errors with a focus on root versus non-root exchanges and lexical versus non-lexical outcomes for root and nonroot errors. Experiments 2 and 3 addressed between-phrase exchange errors with a focus on violations of the grammatical category constraint (GCC).
Nonparametric Spectral Estimation Technique to Estimate Dominant Frequency for Atrial Fibrillation Detection

Atrial fibrillation (Afib) is related with heart failure, stroke, and high mortality rates. In frequency domain analysis, pre-requisite for Afib detection has been the estimation of reliable dominant frequency (DF) of atrial signals via different spectral estimation techniques. DF further characterizes Afib, and helps in its treatment. This paper aims at finding the most appropriate nonparametric FFT-based spectral estimation technique to estimate reliable DF for Afib detection. In this work, real-time intra-atrial electrograms have been acquired and pre-processed for frequency analysis. DF is estimated via Bartlett using Hanning window, and Welch methods. Regularity index (RI), a parameter to ensure reliability of DF, is calculated using Simpson 3/8 and Trapezoidal rules. The best method is declared based upon high accuracy of Afib detection using reliable DF. On comparison, Welch method is found to be more appropriate to estimate reliable DF for Afib detection with 98% accuracy.
Citizens’ involvement in financial planning in the Russian North : External pressures and internal dynamics of participatory budgeting experiments

The ambition of this paper is to contribute to the growing literature of understanding potentials and challenges of citizens’ involvement in state financial planning, i.e. participatory budgeting (PB). The paper traces the development and underlying nature of PB experiments in a comparative perspective: we explore whether and how PB experiments form Participatory Governance (PG) in two Northern municipalities of Russia, one in the High North and the other outside the Barents region. Theoretically, we combine previous knowledge on the role of PB in the PG discourse with ideas of neo-institutional theory capturing external pressures and internal dynamics of PB. The findings show that both PB cases formed limited PG practices. Interestingly, despite the comprehensive rhetoric of “local voice” in the case of the High North municipality, there was much less potential for PG in practice than in the middle-sized municipality outside the Barents Region with less rhetoric. We propose that the combination of various institutional aspects influenced the potentials of PB to form PG – and that even though PB in the High North was supposed to involve the local inhabitants, it was rather designed and adopted by mimetic and coercive pressures. As a result, decisions continued to be kept far away from the “local” High North and its internal dynamics. Another PB case, less strategically important than the municipality in the High North, was mainly designed and developed through a CITIZENS’ INVOLVEMENT IN FINANCIAL PLANNING IN THE RUSSIAN NORTH: EXTERNAL PRESSURES AND INTERNAL DYNAMICS OF PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING EXPERIMENTS EVGENII ALEKSANDROV AND ELENA KUZNETSOVA | Pages 65– 86 66 BARENTS STUDIES: Governance in the High North: Rhetoric and reality in the Barents region VOL. 6 | ISSUE 1 | 2019 SPECIAL ISSUE combination of normative pressures and internal managerial logic. Our paper thus shows the significance of existing institutional relations (external pressures and internal dynamics) between the central and local authorities in the formation of participatory mechanisms such as PB.
Designing Experiments and Analyzing Data: A Model Comparison Perspective

Contents: Preface. Part I: Conceptual Bases of Experimental Design and Analysis. The Logic of Experimental Design. Introduction to the Fisher Tradition. Part II: Model Comparisons for Between-Subjects Designs. Introduction to Model Comparisons: One-Way Between-Subjects Designs. Individual Comparisons of Means. Testing Several Contrasts: The Multiple-Comparison Problem. Trend Analysis. Two-Way Between-Subjects Factorial Designs. Higher Order Between-Subjects Factorial Designs. Designs With Covariates: ANCOVA and Blocking. Designs With Random or Nested Factors. Part III: Model Comparisons for Designs Involving Within-Subjects Factors. One-Way Within-Subjects Designs: Univariate Approach. Higher-Order Designs With Within-Subjects Factors: Univariate Approach. One-Way Within-Subjects Designs: Multivariate Approach. Higher Order Designs With Within-Subjects Factors: Multivariate Approach. Part IV: Alternative Analysis Strategies. An Introduction to Multilevel Models for Within-Subjects Designs. An Introduction to Multilevel Hierarchical Mixed Models: Nested Designs. Appendices: Statistical Tables. Part 1. Linear Models: The Relation Between ANOVA and Regression. Part 2. A Brief Primer of Principles of Formulating and Comparing Models. Notes. Solutions to Selected Exercises. References.
Towards privacy preservation Against traffic analysis in Wireless networks

Due to the open wireless medium, Multi-hop Wireless Networks MWNs are susceptible to various attacks,such as traffic analysis and flow tracing can be launched by the malicious adversaries. Different from previous schemes, we investigate the privacy issue from a brand new perspective using network coding to achieve privacy preservation, since the coding/mixing operation is encouraged at intermediate nodes network coding has the potential to thwart these attacks. However, the simple deployment of network coding cannot achieve the goal once enough packets are collected by the adversaries. In this paper, we propose a novel network coding based privacy-preserving scheme against traffic analysis in multihop wireless networks. With symmetric key encryption ,Advanced encryption standard (AES) on Global Encoding Vectors (GEVs), the proposed scheme offers two significant privacypreserving features, packet flow untraceability and message content confidentiality, for efficiently thwarting the traffic analysis attacks. By inverting the GEVs, the proposed scheme keeps the random coding feature, and each sink can recover the source packets with a very high probability . Theoretical analysis demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed scheme. Index Terms—Network coding, Advanced encryption standard, Global Encoding Vectors, traffic analysis
A new space-time finite element method for the dynamic analysis of TRUSS-type structures.

Truss-type structures are widely used in contemporary constructions. The dynamic analysis is very important to ensure the safety and the functionalities of these structures. The aim of this research was to propose a new method tailored for the dynamic analysis of linear truss-type structures. The proposed method is a single-step method underpinned by Unconventional Hamilton-type Variational Principles, and employing the finite element discretisation in both spatial and temporal domains. To develop the proposed method, five Unconventional Hamilton-type Variational Principles tailor-made for truss-type structures were derived, preserving naturally all necessary conditions for the dynamic analysis without the introduction of any artificial factors. The resultant one-field and the two-filed formulations were used to build algorithms for the proposed method. The semi-discretisation treatment of the spatial and temporal domains was applied to these formulations. While the spatial discretisation was undertaken in the standard fashion, temporal discretisation was attempted with four different types of time finite elements. The convergence of the algorithms was examined in terms of the stability and the consistency properties. Numerical examples with different types of truss-type structures were given to verify the proposed method, and also to compare the performance of these algorithms against the existing analysis methods. The proposed algorithms were shown to be second- or higher-order accurate when various time finite elements were employed. Compared to the widely used Average Acceleration Method (AAM), the proposed method produces highly accurate results. Larger time steps can be used without compromising the accuracy hence the computational costs may be reduced. Therefore, the proposed method can provide a fast and high-precision analysis solution for applications where these attributes are desired.
The concept of value in design practice - an interview study.

Use and the value thereof are implicit in the design discourse and therefore rarely explicitly spoken of, although they are at the core of design practice. With the recent turn to a service dominant logic perspective, the service marketing discourse opens up for understanding value as value-in-use and value-in-context. This paper empirically explores and describes ways in which professional designers themselves express “value-in-use”. The findings suggest that professional designers do not focus explicitly on value as a standalone concept, but conceptualize value-in-use through contextualization and an extensive use of emotions.
Physical Selection in Ubiquitous Computing

In ubiquitous computing, the computing devices are embedded into the physical environment so that the users can interact with the devices at the same time as they interact with the physical environment. The various devices are connected to each other, and have various sizes and input and output capabilities depending on their purpose. These features of ubiquitous computing create a need for interaction methods that are radically different from the desktop computer interactions. Physical selection is an interaction task for ubiquitous computing and it is used to tell the users mobile terminal which physical object the user wants to interact with. It is based on tags that identify physical objects or store a physical hyperlink to digital information related to the object the tag is attached to. The user selects the physical hyperlink by touching, pointing or scanning the tag with the mobile terminal that is equipped with an appropriate reader. Physical selection has been implemented with various technologies, such as radiofrequency tags and readers, infrared transceivers, and optically readable tags and mobile phone cameras. In this dissertation, physical selection is analysed as a user interaction task, and from the implementation viewpoint. Different selection methods  touching, pointing and scanning  are presented. Touching and pointing have been studied by implementing a prototype and conducting user experiments with it. The contributions of this dissertation include an analysis of physical selection in the ubiquitous computing context, suggestions for visualising the physical hyperlinks in both the physical environment and in the mobile terminal, and user requirements for physical selection as a part of an ambient intelligence architecture.
A Text Mining Analysis of Religious Texts

Religious text scholarship explores the meaning of passages and uses critical/rhetorical research methods. In contrast, automated tools that perform shallower but broader quantitative analysis have been created. These tools process entire books and help illuminate relationships between religious texts. We have automatically extracted and categorized noun and verb phrases from nine religious texts: the Book of Mormon, the Greater Holy Assembly, the New Testament, the Old Testament, the Popol Vuh, the Qur'an, the Rig Veda, the Tao Te Ching, and the Torah. The extracted topics were used as input to a Self-Organizing Map (SOM). The map uncovered some interesting relationships. The research of religious texts is often performed by literary and philosophy scholars and those trained in schools of Divinity. The research uncovers insights into religious passages that go deeper than words or phrases. Such focus on the meaning of scripture passages produces insights into the beliefs and practices of religions. Such research often uses qualitative and critical/rhetorical research methods. Such methodologies are appropriate as passages may have multiple levels of meaning and symbolism and do not fall into the often flattened categories of quantitative research. In contrast to a deep understanding of scriptural passages is the automated lexical analysis that is used in information retrieval systems of today. Words and phrases are extracted from documents and indexed to facilitate searching. Users of search tools enter a few words and phrases and similar documents are retrieved. While such tools are constantly improving, there is still a large difference between the rich analysis done by religious scholars enabled by critical/rhetorical research methods and that done automatically by computers. However, computer analysis of text is very fast. As a result, entire books can be processed producing quantitative data that can be analyzed. While the analysis is not as rich or deep, it is broader and can be revealing in its breadth and its quantitative nature. Over the last two decades, automatic text processing has improved in part because of the growth in availability of digitized text. In this research, we look to apply techniques used in the analysis of business and medical texts to religious texts. Our goal is to explore similarities and differences between nine religious texts based on our automatic processing of the text using current methods in text mining.