Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy and enstrophy balances for wall-bounded turbulent flows with drag reduction

With the aim of understanding drag reduction mechanism on a turbulent channel flow, modified by in-plane sinusoidal oscillations of the walls, statistics of energy and enstrophy balances of the mean and fluctuating flow field obtained by direct numerical simulations, are studied. It is observed that as the bulk streamwise velocity increases and the intensity of the turbulent kinetic energy decreases due to the wall motion, the viscous dissipations associated with both the mean flow and the turbulent fluctuations increases. Through energy and enstrophy balances, it is found that the spanwise oscillating shear acts strongly on the turbulent dissipation, which is suitably represented by the turbulent enstrophy. Turbulent vorticity lines in planes perpendicular to the streamwise direction are stretched by the large-scale spanwise forcing, which is evidenced by flow visualizations and elucidated by a simple dynamical model. The study of enstrophy production allows extracting a parameter useful for predicting drag reduction. The present approach may be readily extended to other turbulent flows forced at large scale to unravel the physical mechanisms.
Effects of culture media pH on In Vitro shoot multiplication in sugarcane

The present study deals with the effects of culture media pH on in vitro shoot multiplication in two commercially cultivated sugarcane genotypes viz., Co 86032 and Co 94008. The results observed in this study clearly indicate that the culture media pH contributes significant effects on in vitro shoot multiplication in sugarcane. The highest shoot multiplication in both genotypes was observed on the culture media having pH 6.0. This study suggests that it is necessary to standardize the culture media pH separately for individual sugarcane genotypes prior to develop efficient in vitro regeneration protocols for commercial purposes.
The body condition of periparturient dairy cattle fed with propylene glycol, bypass fat-and protein

The present study was under taken to evaluate the influence of propylene glycol, bypass fat and bypass protein on body condition in early lactating cows. A total of twenty eight postpartum dairy cows were randomly allotted to four groups with seven animals in each group. The Group-I (T) animals served as control without being fed any feed supplement. Group-II (T) animals received propylene glycol once daily as a drench at the rate of 300 ml per head while Group-III (T) and Group-IV (T animals were fed 100 and 200 g of commercially available bypass fat and bypass protein respectively. In all the experimental groups, the mean body condition score (BCS) remained unaltered on day 14 and 7 prepartum and reduced immediate to calving (day 0). Subsequent to calving, the mean BCS reduced to reach lowest score on day 56 postpartum in T, T and T while, it was lowest on day 42 postpartum in T animals with no further reduction by day 63 postpartum. BCS showed no significant (P≤0.05) stage variation between groups up to day 35 postpartum. BCS tended to be low in control and T animals from day 42 postpartum with no significant difference between groups on day 56 and 63 postpartum. The mean BCS recorded at different stages of the study both in treatment and control animals appears to be normal as it was within the recommended range.
RUNNING HEAD: Predicting the vote

Using the data collected by Itanes on a sample of the Italian population, representative according to the main socio-demographic variables, we analyzed the relations between voting intention, explicit and implicit political attitudes, and voting behavior. Participants (N = 1,377) were interviewed twice, both before and after the 2006 Italian National Election. The implicit attitudes (measured using the IAT) were substantially as effective as voting intention, and more effective than the explicit attitudes towards the main Italian political leaders, in forecasting the Election official results. When used to predict participants’ voting behavior, the IAT added a significant, although slight, power to voting intention and explicit attitude. Inconsistency between explicit and implicit attitudes exerted a negative influence on the probability of having decided one’s voting behavior in the pre-electoral poll; however, among undecided participants, it did not significantly influence the probability of delaying one’s voting decision and that of actually casting a valid vote. Limits and possible developments of this research are discussed.
Further evidence and new molecular insight on the origin and early evolution of photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is an ancient biological process. The advent of photosynthesis, especially oxygenic photosynthesis, fundamentally changed the redox balance on Earth and permitted the development of more advanced life forms. However, due to the involvement of multiple biochemical components in the process of photosynthesis and the lack of molecular sequence information for these components, the nature of the evolutionary path of photosynthesis has eluded researchers for decades. Previous evolutionary analysis of photosynthetic reaction centers which are the best indicator of evolution of photosynthesis, has established that both type I and type II reaction center apoproteins may share a common evolutionary origin (Schubert et al. 1998). However, no unified phylogenetic tree can be constructed for the two types of reaction centers because little sequence homology exists among the reaction center core apoproteins (Blankenship 2001). As one of the first comprehensive phylogenetic comparisons, we recently analyzed Mgtetrapyrrole biosynthesis genes and enzymes across the entire photosynthetic domain and used them as molecular markers to indicate the early evolution of photosynthesis (Xiong et al. 2000). Here we address potential problems regarding phylogenetic artifacts and provide additional phylogenetic evidence on early evolution of photosynthesis which indicates that bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis genes may indeed be ancestral to chlorophyll biosynthesis genes.
Molecular characterization and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolated pathogenic bacterial strains from Sangam water in Allahabad region

This study was carried out to isolate and characterize two pathogenic bacterial strains from Sangam water in Allahabad region. Two pathogens i.e. Staphylococcus species and Vibrio species were isolated and subjected to morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization, thereafter the species was identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The isolates were screened for antibiotics susceptibility pattern and found that Staphylococcus epidermidis was resistant for amoxicillin, kanamycin, streptomycin therefore Staphylococcus epidermidis was found to be multi-drug resistance. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was resistant for streptomycin, erythromycin, gentamycin, tetracycline therefore Vibrio parahaemolyticus was also found to be multi-drug resistance. Staphylococcus epidermidis is the causative agent of serious recurrent infections like urinary tract infection (UTI), epididymitis, urethritis while Vibrio parahaemolyticus can cause diarrhea, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, colitis. Thus, the water of these rivers Ganga and Yamuna was found to be unfit for human consumption without treatment. Better management of resources and research in the area of water remediation, could minimize the elevated levels of water pollution.
NEURAMINIDASE (SIALIDASE) ACTIVITY

Trypanosoma vivax stock V953 lysates were observed to produce neuraminidase (sialidase EC 3.2.1.18) in vitro, which cleaved neuraminic (sialic) acid from the substrate fetuin. The neuraminidase activity was proportional to the number of trypanosomes in the lysates, with 0.44, 0.88, and 1.75 X 106 trypanosomes producing 1.4 ? 0.06, 3.1 + 0.1, and 6.7 ? 0.1 Aug of sialic acid liberated, respectively. Equal numbers of unlysed and lysed trypanosomes produced approximately the same amount of the enzyme. Trypanosome eluates stored at room temperature appeared to have lost neuraminidase activities within 4 days. An inhibition test for identifying the neuraminidase antigen on influenza viruses was performed in vitro on the T. vivax lysates. The inhibition test, using Type A influenza virus anti-HAV8 serum, showed a highly significant (P < 0.0001) re- duction in neuraminidase activities. The effect of equal amounts of influenza antiserum on serially diluted trypanosome lysates showed that 1 ml of influenza anti-HAV8 serum would inhibit a mean of 6.74 ? 0.18 jug of T. vivax stock V953 neuraminidase activity.
Studying Unemployment Effects on Mental Health: Social Media versus Traditional Approach

Social media, traditionally reserved for social exchanges on the net, has been increasingly used by researchers to gain insight into different facets of human life. Unemployment is an area that has gained attention by researchers in various fields. Medical practitioners especially in the area of mental health have traditionally monitored the effects of involuntary unemployment with great interest. In this work, we compare the feedback gathered from social media using crowdsourcing techniques to results obtained prior to the advent of Big Data. We find that the results are consistent in terms of 1) financial strain is the biggest stressor and concern, 2) onslaught of depression is typical and 3) possible interventions including reemployment and support from friends and family is crucial in minimizing the effects of involuntary unemployment. Lastly, we could not find enough evidence to study effects on physical health and somatization in this work.
Mininode: Reducing the Attack Surface of Node.js Applications

JavaScript has gained traction as a programming language that qualifies for both the client-side and the server-side logic of applications. A new ecosystem of server-side code written in JavaScript has been enabled by Node.js, the use of the V8 JavaScript engine and a collection of modules that provide various core functionality. Node.js comes with its package manager, called NPM, to handle the dependencies of modern applications, which allow developers to build Node.js applications with hundreds of dependencies on other modules. In this paper, we present Mininode, a static analysis tool for Node.js applications that measures and removes unused code and dependencies. Our tool can be integrated into the building pipeline of Node.js applications to produce applications with significantly reduced attack surface. We analyzed 672k Node.js applications and reported the current state of code bloating in the server-side JavaScript ecosystem. We leverage a vulnerability database to identify 1,660 vulnerable packages that are loaded from 119,433 applications as dependencies. Mininode is capable of removing 2,861 of these vulnerable dependencies. The complex expressiveness and the dynamic nature of the JavaScript language does not always allow us to statically resolve the dependencies and usage of modules. To evaluate the correctness of our reduction, we run Mininode against 37k Node.js applications that have unit tests and reduce correctly 95.4% of packages. Mininode was able to restrict access to the built-in fs and net modules in 79.4% and 96.2% of the reduced applications respectively.
In-Silico Identification of New Genes in HIV-1 by ORF Prediction Method

In the present study the complete genome sequence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 was searched and retrieved from Genbank database with accession number NC_001802. 1. The sequence of HIV-1 applied for gene Identification by ORFs prediction method. ORF Finder revealed that total 39 ORFs were identified in all six possible reading frames (RF). Three ORFs were identified in +1 RF, four in +2RF, six in +3RF, six in -1RF, thirteen in -2RF, and seven in -3RF. The translated sequences of all identified ORFs were searched in NCBI nonredundant database using Protein BLAST. All ORFs found in +1, +2, +3RF, and ORF 4 in -1RF, ORF 10 in -2RF, ORF 2 and ORF 3 in -3RF were already identified by previous workers but the remaining ORFs in -1,-2, and -3 RFs, eleven different ORFs translations showed similarity with different protein sequences of different organisms in nonredundant protein sequence database.
Comparative Studies on Growth and Yield of Oil Palm Mushroom, Volvariella Volvacea (Bull. Ex. Fr.) Sing. on Different Substrates

Edible mushrooms are collected in the countryside and forest regions for consumption and some sold for income. They are highly nutritional and medicinal. The oil palm mushroom, Volvariella volvacea (Bull. Ex. Fr.) Sing. , a highly priced and preferred edible mushroom is cultivated using traditional methods which result in low and inconsistent yields. This study was conducted to compare the performance of various local substrates and supplements on the yield of V. volvacea using the low and high bed cultivation methods. Various agricultural wastes among others were used in preparing low and high beds sprinkled with grain spawn of V. volovacea. The beds were covered with thick transparent polyethylene sheets which were raised 15 cm to allow for mushroom development. Plantain leaf bundles and cassava peels supported the highest mycelial density followed by threshed rice panicle and cotton waste. The highest yield (280g/kg substrate) was obtained from the plantain leaf bundles, giving a biological conversion efficiency of 25%. Pinhead formation started 10 and 13 days after spawning on the bundled and chopped plantain leaves, respectively. The mixture of cotton waste and rice straw was the best after the plantain leaves followed by the mixture of cotton waste and corn cob. Yields increased from October to April/May with a maximum of 280g/kg for the plantain leaf bundles in April/May where temperatures ranged from 20.0-36.0 o C and was very low in August/September, where temperatures ranged from 20.0-32.5oC. Nitrogen content of some substrates was low (0.41.0%) and therefore these substrates may need supplementation.
Caracterización morfológica y molecular de poblaciones de pasto banderita (Bouteloua curtipendula) en Chihuahua, México

Sideoats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. ] is an important native species for cattle production. However, inappropriate grazing practices have reduced its genetic diversity. The morphological and genetic diversity of 51 populations of sideoats grama in Chihuahua State was explored and analyzed. Transplanting was performed under natural conditions; two years later, morphological characterization was performed. To assess genetic variability AFLP molecular markers were used. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first three components (PC) explained 73.83 % of variation. PC1 showed a significant correlation (P<0.0001) in dry matter yield (88 %), stem density (85 %), tiller diameter (83 %), height of foliage (82 %), plant height (79 %), and leaf length (65 %). An AFLP analysis with four pairs of primers detected 186 bands; 80.67 % (150 bands) had polymorphism. The highest percentage of polymorphism (93.75 %) and polymorphic bands (48) was obtained with the primer combination of EcoRI-ACT + MseI-CTG. Sideoats grama population presented a high morphological and molecular variability. Based on high forage potential, ecotypes (444, 359 y 557) were selected to be included in grassland restoration programs.
The complete mitochondrial genome of freshwater crab Sinopotamon xiushuiense (Decapoda: brachyura: Potamoidea)

Abstract We report for the first time the complete mitochondrial genome of Sinopotamon xiushuiense, which is found to be 18,460 bp in length, and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA), and 1 non-coding region known as the D-loop. In addition, the mitogenome has 18 intergenic regions ranging from 1 to 1221 bp in length. The complete mitogenome of S. xiushuiense is the longest among brachyurans reported in GenBank before November 2015, and its AT content is slightly lower than that in Geotholphusa dehaani. The mitogenome data provides a basis for further studies on population genetics and phylogenetics.
Pharmaceutical efficacy of human epiphyseal chondrocytes with differential replication numbers for cellular therapy products

The cell-based therapy for cartilage or bone requires a large number of cells serial passages of chondrocytes are, therefore, needed. However, fates of expanded chondrocytes from extra fingers remains unclarified. The chondrocytes from human epiphyses morphologically changed from small polygonal cells, to bipolar elongated spindle cells and to large polygonal cells with degeneration at early passages. Gene of type II collagen was expressed in the cells only at a primary culture (Passage 0) and Passage 1 (P1) cells. The nodules by implantation of P0 to P8 cells were composed of cartilage and perichondrium. The cartilage consisted of chondrocytes with round nuclei and type II collagen-positive matrix, and the perichondrium consisted of spindle cells with type I collage-positive matrix. The cartilage and perichondrium developed to bone with marrow cavity through enchondral ossification. Chondrogenesis and osteogenesis by epiphyseal chondrocytes depended on replication number in culture. It is noteworthy to take population doubling level in correlation with pharmaceutical efficacy into consideration when we use chondrocytes for cell-based therapies.
Growth and reproduction of Rubus saxatilis L. in relation to availability of light

Deux experimentations ont ete menees sur le terrain afin d'etudier les effets de la disponibilite en lumiere sur la croissance et la reproduction de Rubus saxatilis, une herbacee clonale du sous-bois forestier. Dans la premiere experience, des plants de R. saxatilis genetiquement identiques ont ete transplantes dans un mull riche en nutriments et cultives pendant 3 saisons de croissance libres d'interference avec d'autres plantes, a l'exception de 0, 2 ou 4 plantes en plastique. La seconde experience examine l'influence d'un voisinage dense des plantes artificielles sur la croissance des stolons et des entre-nœuds de stolons pendant une saison. Dans la premiere experience, les plantes sans voisins croissent davantage, produisent plus de fleurs et donnent un plus grand nombre de rejets vegetatifs que celles poussant a l'ombre des plantes en plastique
Guidelines to measure individual feed intake of dairy cows for genomic and genetic evaluations

The widespread use of genomic information in dairy cattle breeding programs has presented the opportunity to select for feed intake and feed efficiency. This is because animals from research herds can be used as a reference population to calibrate a genomic prediction equation, which is then used to predict the breeding value for selection candidates based on their own genotype. To implement genomic prediction and perform genetic analysis for feed intake, several partners have brought together their expertise and existing feed intake records. Based on this experience we aim to provide some guidelines on the recording and handling of feed intake records. The consortium used a mixture of standardised experimental data coming from larger genetic experiments or several smaller nutritional studies. The latter has provided some statistical challenges. Also, data was combined across countries, experimental herds and feeding systems. Despite the perceived roughness of such data, it has proven to be very successful for genomic prediction, with proper statistical modelling. Ideally the whole lifetime of all cows should be measured, but this is unrealistic. Often, animals are recorded for part of one (or more) lactation(s) only. Guidelines on the proper statistical modelling and usefulness of existing data are needed. Selection index theory can help to establish the optimal recording period across and within lactation. It is also critical to identify how many records are required and what are the most informative animals for measuring feed intake. Genetic relationships with the selection candidates are an important criterion. Finally, since (residual) feed intake is only part of the breeding goal, it is important to consider recording of other traits as well, and the genetic parameters are needed to define the breeding goals properly.
The Bostrychietum community of pneumatophores in Araçá Bay: an analysis of the diversity of macrofauna

A mangrove forest can harbour several macroalgal assemblages growing on pneumatophores, roots, stems and other hard substrates. These algae belong to various genera, most typically Bostrychia, and form a community called the Bostrychietum. This study describes the fauna associated with the Bostrychietum and the effect of emersion time on the community. Seasonal samples were collected from pneumatophores on an island in Araçá Bay in 2012, in two areas, one on the border of the island and one inland. Each pneumatophore was considered a sample. The border samples, with a shorter emersion time, contained a richer algal flora associated with pneumatophores, and fauna with species of varied dietary habits. The inland samples, with a longer emersion time, contained only two algal genera and fauna species comprised mostly of omnivorous amphipods and desiccation-resistant detritivorous species. Macrofauna diversity and richness varied over time and were lower in spring. Therefore, the emersion time of the Bostrychietum and the period of the year affect the community structure, for both the macroalgae and the associated fauna.
Robustness by Reweighting for Kernel Estimators: An Overview

Using least squares techniques, there is an awareness of the dangers posed by the occurrence of outliers present in the data. In general, outliers may totally spoil an ordinary least squares analysis. To cope with this problem, statistical techniques have been developed that are not so easily affected by outliers. These methods are called robust or resistant. In this overview paper we illustrate that robust solutions can be acquired by solving a reweighted least squares problem even though the initial solution is not robust. This overview paper relates classical results from robustness to the most recent advances of robustness in least squares kernel based regression, with an emphasis on theoretical results as well as practical examples. Software for iterative reweighting is also made freely available to the user.
Computing Data Encrypted by Paillier Encryption Scheme Using Cassandra Database

 Abstract —In this paper, we investigated a way of computing data, encrypted using Paillier’s homomorphic encryption scheme and stored in Cassandra database. For computing data, we used Cassandra’s User-Defined-Functions (UDF) and User-Defined-Aggregates (UDA). Sensitive data, such as customers’ consumed energy was used as an example, where aggregated energy consumption, over a period time, was computed using UDF and UDA. Cassandra database was deployed on Microsoft Azure platform, where six different clusters were set, consisting of two, four and six nodes.