Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temperature analysis of a long-span suspension bridge based on a time-varying solar radiation model

It is important to take into account the thermal behavior in assessing the structural condition of bridges. An effective method of studying the temperature effect of long-span bridges is numerical simulation based on the solar radiation models. This study aims to develop a time-varying solar radiation model which can consider the real-time weather changes, such as a cloud cover. A statistical analysis of the long-term monitoring data is first performed, especially on the temperature data between the south and north anchors of the bridge, to confirm that temperature difference can be used to describe real-time weather changes. Second, a defect in the traditional solar radiation model is detected in the temperature field simulation, whereby the value of the turbidity coefficient tu is subjective and cannot be used to describe the weather changes in real-time. Therefore, a new solar radiation model with modified turbidity coefficient γ is first established on the temperature difference between the south and north anchors. Third, the temperature data of several days are selected for model validation, with the results showing that the simulated temperature distribution is in good agreement with the measured temperature, while the calculated results by the traditional model had minor errors because the turbidity coefficient tu is uncertainty. In addition, the vertical and transverse temperature gradient of a typical cross-section and the temperature distribution of the tower are also studied.
Ketamine blocks the correlation between morphine-induced conditioned place preference and anxiety-like behaviors in mice

Patients suffering from opioid use disorder often relapse during periods of abstinence, which is posited to be caused by negative reinforcement driving motivated behaviors. Here, we explored whether opioid-seeking behaviors in mice were correlated with the negative affect of anxiety. To do this, we conditioned mice to associate a specific context with morphine, an opioid with strongly addictive properties, using a three compartment chamber. 24 h following five days of morphine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) conditioning, anxiety levels were tested by measuring time in the open arms of an elevated plus maze. The next day, mice were placed in the three compartment chamber to measure morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). Our results show that following morphine conditioning, mice spent significantly less time in the open arm of the elevated plus maze, which was negatively correlated with the CPP score. Furthermore, we found that an acute treatment with (R,S)-ketamine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), a medication demonstrating promise for preventing anxiety-related phenotypes, 30 min. prior to testing on post conditioning day 1, increased time spent in the open arm of the elevated plus maze in morphine conditioned mice. Lastly, we found that a second injection of ketamine 30 min. prior to CPP tests on post conditioning day 2 attenuated morphine-induced CPP, which lasted for up to 28 d. Overall, our results suggest that morphine-induced CPP may be driven by negative reinforcement, which can be prevented by acute ketamine administration.
Structure, Diversity, and Composition of Bacterial Communities in Rhizospheric Soil of Coptis chinensis Franch under Continuously Cropped Fields

Soil microorganisms are critical factors of plant productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. Coptis chinensis Franch is one of the most important medicinal plants in China. Soil types and cropping systems influence the diversity and composition of the rhizospheric microbial communities. In the current study, we provide detailed information regarding the diversity and composition of the rhizospheric bacterial communities of the C. chinensis plants in continuously cropped fields and fallow fields in two seasons (i.e., winter and summer) using next-generation sequencing. The alpha diversity was higher in the five-year cultivated C. chinensis field (CyS5) and lower in fallow fields (NCS). Significant differences analysis confirmed more biomarkers in the cultivated field soil than in fallow fields. Additionally, the principal coordinate analysis (PcoA) of the beta diversity indices revealed that samples associated with the cultivated fields and fallow fields in different seasons were separated. Besides, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes were the top bacterial phyla. Among these phyla, Proteobacteria were found predominantly and showed a decreasing trend with the continuous cropping of C. chinensis. A phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) revealed that the abundance of C and N functional genes had a significant difference between the soil samples from cultivated (CyS1, CyS3, and CyS5) and fallow (NCS) fields in two seasons (winter and summer). The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on UniFrac distances (i.e., unweighted and weighted) revealed the variations in bacterial community structures in the soil samples. This study could provide a reference for solving the increasingly severe cropping obstacles and promote the sustainable development of the C. chinensis industry.
Geology, mineralogy, S and Sr isotope geochemistry, and fluid inclusion analysis of barite associated with the Lemarchant Zn–Pb–Cu–Ag–Au-rich volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit, Newfoundland, Canada

Barite in the approximately 513 Ma Lemarchant volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposit, Newfoundland, consists of granular and bladed barite intimately associated with mineralization. Regardless of type, the composition of barite is homogeneous at bulk rock and mineral scale containing predominantly Ba, S, and Sr, with minor Ca and Na. The barite has homogeneous sulphur isotope compositions (δ34Smean = 27‰), similar to Cambrian seawater sulphate (25–35‰) and Sr isotope compositions (87Sr/86Sr = 0.706905 to 0.707485). These results are consistent with barite having formed from fluid–fluid mixing between Cambrian seawater and VMS-related hydrothermal fluids. The 87Sr/86Sr values in the barite are lower than mid-Cambrian seawater, which suggests that some of the Sr was derived from the underlying Neoproterozoic basement. Fluid inclusions in bladed barite are low-salinity, CO2-rich inclusions with homogenization temperatures between 245°–250 °C, and average salinity of 1.2 wt. % NaCl equivalent. Estimated minimum trapping pressures of between 1.7 to 2.0 kbars were calculated from aqueous–carbonic fluid inclusion assemblages. The fluid inclusion results reflect regional metamorphic reequilibration during younger Silurian regional metamorphism, rather than primary fluid signatures, despite the preservation of primary barite and fluid inclusion textures. These results illustrate that barite in VMS deposits records the physicochemical processes associated with VMS formation and the sources of fluids in ancient VMS deposits, as well as seawater sulphate and basement isotopic compositions. The results herein are not only relevant for the Lemarchant deposit but also for other barite-rich VMS deposits globally.
Deep-Reinforcement-Learning-Based QoS-Aware Secure Routing for SDN-IoT

Recently, with the proliferation of communication devices, Internet of Things (IoT) has become an emerging technology which facilitates massive devices to be enabled with connectivity by heterogeneous networks. However, it is usually a technical challenge for traditional networks to handle such a huge number of devices in an efficient manner. Recently, the software-defined network (SDN) technique with its agility and elasticity has been incorporated into IoT to meet the potential scale and flexibility requirements and form a novel IoT architecture also known as SDN-IoT. As the size of SDN-IoT increases, efficient routing protocols with low latency and high security are required, while the default routing protocols of SDN are still vulnerable to dynamic change of flow control rules especially when the network is under attack. To address the above issues, a deep-reinforcement-learning-based quality-of-service (QoS)-aware secure routing protocol (DQSP) is proposed in this article. While guaranteeing the QoS, our method can extract knowledge from history traffic demands by interacting with the underlying network environment, and dynamically optimize the routing policy. Extensive simulation experiments have been conducted with respect to several network performance metrics, demonstrating that our DQSP has good convergence and high effectiveness. Moreover, DQSP outperforms the traditional OSPF routing protocol, at least 10% relative performance gains in most cases.
Phase Noise Measurements and Performance of Lasers With Non-White FM Noise for Use in Digital Coherent Optical Systems

We measure the FM noise power spectral density of quantum-dot mode-locked lasers (QD-MLLs) and compare this to their measured linewidths as predictors of performance in a digital coherent system. We explain our observations in terms of the non-Lorentzian line shape of the source wherein linewidth is determined by the low frequency part of its FM noise. Investigation of system performance with simulations based on the measured phase sequences and back-to-back coherent transmission experiments show that QD-MLLs with linewidths of several megahertz can have comparable performance to that of a laser with only a few hundreds of kilohertz of Lorentzian linewidth, due to the non-white part of their FM noise. We show that spectral linewidths of lasers with similar spectral properties can underestimate their performance in coherent systems, regardless of the linewidth measurement technique used. We propose a “Lorentzian-equivalent linewidth” measure to characterize lasers with non-white FM noise and to estimate their impact in digital coherent optical systems. This measure is obtained from phase variations at frequencies higher than typical frequencies often used to characterize lasers with white FM noise and comparable to the system baud. The proposed measure is shown to be a better predictor of system performance than the measured linewidth, for lasers with non-white FM noise. The impact of non-white FM noise on the optimization of carrier phase recovery and system performance is also discussed.
Adaptive neural impedance control with extended state observer for human–robot interactions by output feedback through tracking differentiator

Although impedance control has huge application potential in human–robot cooperation, its engineering application is still quite limited, owing to the high nonlinearity of the human–robot dynamics and disturbances. This article presents a novel adaptive neural network controller with extended state observer for the human–robot interaction using output feedback. The adaptive neural network with extended state observer integrates the adaptive neural network and extended state observer to combine their advantages. The proposed algorithm can address the challenges encountered in human–machine systems, for example, slow convergence of neural networks, internal and external disturbances. Output feedback is realized using tracking differentiator to avoid the costly measurements of certain states. The errors of the closed-loop system are proven to converge to a small compact set containing 0 by Lyapunov theory. Simulations and experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Results show that the proposed strategy offers superior convergence and better tracking performance compared with the adaptive neural network. The proposed controller can be widely applied in various human–machine interactions to enhance productivity and efficiency.
Effect of PCI on Cardiac Function in Chronic Stable Angina Patients with âNormalâ Ejection Fraction: A Tissue Doppler Study

Background: Patients with stable coronary artery disease may have subtle derangements in their cardiac function before evident changes occur in conventional echocardiography-derived ejection fraction (EF). These derangements manifest firstly in the longitudinal before circumferential LV function. The effect of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on ventricular function in patients with chronic stable angina has shown controversial results. In the current study, we tried to assess the impact of PCI on myocardial systolic and diastolic function using different noninvasive indices in patients with stable coronary artery disease. \ Methods: A total of 50 patients scheduled for elective PCI were enrolled in this study. All had chronic stable angina and a left ventricular ejection fraction>55%. All underwent echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function using EF and Myocardial Performance Index (MPI), in addition to pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) at the mitral and lateral tricuspid annulus. All indices were measured one day before and 5 days after PCI. Results: 44% of the patients were males and 56% were females. The mean age was 55.5 ± 9.1 years. There was a significant improvement of the mean systolic myocardial velocity S′ wave in the LV as a whole and the lateral RV annulus 5 days after intervention irrespective of the lesion site. There was also a highly significant improvement in anterior S′ wave velocities 5 days after intervention. Conclusion: Pulsed wave tissue Doppler is more sensitive in postPCI monitoring and follow up of systolic function in patients with chronic stable angina and seemingly normal baseline cardiac function
High Accuracy Homodyne Interferometric Method for Wide Dynamic Range Applications

In this paper a new method for the detection of optical phase in passive homodyne interferometers, with high accuracy and wide dynamic range is presented. Unlike the traditional and more recent methods, which use between 3 and 6 harmonic components to calculate the modulation index, the proposed method uses only 2 harmonic components. Because of this, the method has higher accuracy in the presence of noise compared to other methods known in the literature. Further, the method has the advantage of not requiring knowledge of the phase of the excitation signal. The numerical implementation is simple, since it uses a 3rd order polynomial fit for the calculation of the modulation index. For the experimental verification of the method, a configuration based on an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) was used, which resulted in a dynamic range for the modulation index from 8.38 to 16.76 rad. It is important to note that these limits can be easily expanded by means of adaptations of the optical and electronic setup depending on the characteristics of the excitation signal. The proposed method can be used in several applications, such as pressure measurements, vibration, displacement, etc.
Discussion of “Assessment of the Seismicity of Peshawar Region in Line with the Historical Data and Modern Building Codes (ASCE-07 and IBC3-2006)” by Shah et al

ABSTRACT This discussion presents review of the seismic hazard in Peshawar, performed by various national and international researchers and agencies in the past, which was critically compared with the proposed peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 0.06 g. The PGA = 0.06 g corresponds to seismic Zone 1, which is the lowest seismic hazard as per the Building Code of Pakistan. The building damages observed in Peshawar in the recent past earthquakes are revisited to judge the correctness of PGA = 0.06 g for Peshawar that pertain to its suitability for use in the seismic design of structures. The recent seismic hazard studies reported also by other researchers are presented. Seismic hazard studies of Peshawar report widely conflicting results. The placement of Peshawar in the lowest seismic hazard Zone 1 will have a number of socioeconomic implications. Therefore, a critical review of these studies was essential to recommend suitable design level ground motion for Peshawar.
Community attachment, tourism impacts, quality of life and residents’ support for sustainable tourism development

ABSTRACT This study examined the formation of residents’ support for sustainable tourism development based on the social exchange theory and bottom-up spillover theory. A self-administered survey along with a structural analysis was used. Our result revealed that overall quality of life satisfaction influenced support for sustainable tourism development, and that material life domains and non-material life domains were two important determinants of overall QoL. Perceived sociocultural impacts of tourism had a significant relationship with non-material life domains. Perceived economic impacts of tourism influenced both material and non-material life domains. Community attachment and residents’ perceived impacts of tourism were significantly associated.
Miniaturization of frequency‐selective rasorber based on 2.5‐D knitted structure

Knitted structure based on through‐silicon vias is utilized to realize the miniaturization of frequency‐selective rasorber (FSR). According to equivalent circuit model analysis, additional inductance and capacitance introduced by an array of metal vias are considered, which is combined with lossy cross‐frame and lossless double square‐loop structure to realize the function of FSR. Through full wave simulation, the proposed 2.5‐D FSR demonstrates one passband between two absorption bands. The simulated results indicate a significant size reduction with P = 0.15 λL, where λL is the free‐space wavelength at the lowest frequency of ‐10 dB reflection. Moreover, an insertion loss of 0.49 dB can be observed at 3.99 GHz, the fractional bandwidth for reflection coefficients less than ‐10 dB is 100%, and the thickness of the whole structure is 0.138 λL, respectively. In addition, the frequency response of this miniaturized FSR is stable for incident angle up to 40° and both linear polarizations. After then, the prototype of this 2.5‐D FSR is fabricated and measured, which shows reasonable agreement with simulated results.
Bedload transport: a walk between randomness and determinism. Part 1. The state of the art

This paper outlines the various approaches used to calculate bedload transport. As bedload transport exhibits considerable spatial and temporal variations, computing the bedload transport rates and morphological changes experienced by streambeds is difficult. A large body of experimental work has revealed scaling laws relating the mean transport rate to hydraulic conditions (that is, water discharge , bottom shear stress or stream power ω): , or . The most common approach used to calculate bedload transport has thus long involved determining the one-to-one function (or any other dependence of on or ω) from experiments or theoretical considerations. However, the predictive power of such relationships is limited: scientists are unable to predict to within better than one order of magnitude, and morphodynamic models based on fail to explain the development of bedforms without the use of additional assumptions. Progressively, other calculation approaches have appeared, with many relying on the idea that bedload transport is a macroscopic transport process that primarily reflects random particle motion at the grain scale. The present paper reviews the main ideas being explored today.
RegionSketch: Interactive and Rapid Creation of 3D Models with Rich Details

In this paper, we articulate a new approach to interactive generation of 3D models with rich details by way of sketching sparse 2D strokes. Our novel method is a natural extension of Poisson vector graphics (PVG). We design new algorithms that distinguish themselves from other existing sketch-based design systems with three unique features: (1) A novel sketch metaphor to create freeform surface based on Poisson’s equation, which is simple, intuitive, and free of ambiguity; (2) Convenient and ﬂexible user interface that affords the user to add rich details to the surface with simple sketch input; and (3) Rapid model creation with sparse strokes, which enables novice users to enjoy the utilities of our system to create expected 3D models. We validate the proposed method through a large repository of interactively sketched examples. Our experiments and produced results conﬁrm that our new method is a simple yet efﬁcient design tool for modeling free-form shapes with simple and intuitive 2D sketches input.
Fatores de risco associados ao agravamento de sepse em pacientes em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva

Introducao: a sepse e um grave problema de saude publica e uma das principais causas de morte em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Objetivo: este trabalho avaliou o agravamento e a mortalidade de pacientes sepse em UTI, relacionando aos fatores de risco, diferentes etiologias e terapeuticas. Metodologia: O estudo foi observacional descritivo, e avaliou os casos de sepse (sepse, sepse severa e choque septico) no periodo de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2010. Resultados: dos 212 pacientes internados em UTI, 181 apresentaram sepse nas diferentes gravidades, cuja mortalidade por sepse na UTI foi de 63%, principalmente nos pacientes com choque septico (53%), seguida da sepse grave (8,3%). Alem disso, os fatores de risco associados ao agravamento da sepse foram: idade superior que 65 anos, maior tempo medio de internacao na UTI, elevada frequencia de comorbidades e a utilizacao de procedimentos invasivos. O maior consumo de antibioticos foi de carbapenemicos, e as principais cepas multirresistentes isoladas foram MRSA, VRE, P. aeruginosa e A. baumannii resistente a carbapenemicos. Conclusao: este estudo mostrou uma elevada mortalidade por sepse na UTI, principalmente em pacientes com choque septico com comorbidades, que foram submetidos aos procedimentos invasivos e com maior tempo de internacao.
Screening With Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Increased Iron Sufficiency Among NICU Patients

Introduction: To increase the rate of iron sufficiency among neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients from 16% to >35% within 12 months of implementing standardized assessment of reticulocyte hemoglobin (retHE). Methods: We implemented a quality improvement (QI) study to improve iron sufficiency in our out-born level III/IV NICU. We screened 2,062 admissions, of which 622 were eligible based on feeding status at discharge. QI interventions included educational efforts and guideline implementation. Our primary outcome measure was the percentage of patients with their discharge retHE measure within the normal range. We also tracked the process measure of the number of retHE tests performed and a balancing measure of the incidence of elevated retHE among patients receiving iron supplementation. Statistical process control (SPC) charts assessed for special cause variation. Results: The percentage of patients with a retHe within the normal range was significantly increased from a mean of 20% to 39% on SPC chart analysis. We measured significantly more retHE values after guideline implementation (11/mo to 24/mo) and found no cases of elevated retHE among patients receiving iron supplementation. Conclusions: After the implementation of a standardized guideline, a higher rate of iron sufficiency was found in NICU patients at discharge. This work is generalizable to neonatal populations with the potential for a significant impact on clinical practice.