Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Airway Development Relevant to Cranial Vault Suture Synostosis Subtype in Apert Syndrome

Introduction: Based on an established classification system of Apert syndrome subtypes, we aim to directly analyze the correlation between segmented airway volume changes and different skull suture synostosis, so as to provide individualized surgical planning for each subgroup of Apert patients. Methods: CT scans of 44 unoperated Apert syndrome and 53 controls were included and subgrouped as: type I. Bilateral coronal synostosis; type II. Pansynostosis; type III. Perpendicular combinations of cranial vault synostosis. CT scans were measured using Mimics and 3-matics software. Results: Type I developed a 41% (P = .116) reduction in the nasal cavity, yet a normal sized pharyngeal airway. The reduced nasal airway was linked to the decreased cross sectional area (r = 0.598, P = .001), vertical dimension (r = 0.719, P < .001), and narrower width (r = 0.727, P < .001). Type II developed proportionally reduced nasal airway and pharyngeal airway volumes (both 47%, P = .113 and P = .041), along with the proportionally restricted cross sectional areas at choana and condylion levels by 62 to 65%. This reduction is related to the cranial base length (r = 0.712, P = .048), and also cranial base angulation (r = 0.780, P = .023). Nasal and pharyngeal airway developed normal volume in type III. However, the cross sectional areas at the gonion level diminished by 74% (P < .001). Conclusion: Airway development is influenced by subtype of Apert suture synostosis. Type II pansynostosis Apert patients developed synchronous reduced nasal and pharyngeal airways, which is correlated with the slightly flattened cranial base. Type I bicoronal patients have a smaller nasal cavity, but normally sized hypopharynx. Yet, type III patients developed normal nasopharyngeal airway volume overall.
Mercury in surface waters of a macrotidal urban estuary (River Adour, south-west France)

Surface waters were collected in the River Adour estuary (south-western France) during different sampling periods from 1998 to 2001 in order to investigate the phase distribution and speciation of methylmercury (MeHg+). Although a high variability is observed, significant higher average concentrations of total MeHg+ (dissolved and particulate) are measured during the warm seasons, at 4.40±8.18 pM and 3.90±1.87 pM for July 1998 and September 1999, compared with the winter seasons, with concentrations at 0.99±2.85 pM and 1.00±1.75 pM for February 1998 and February 2001, respectively (one-tailed t-test, P=0.01). The seasonal variations are explained with enhanced bacterial activity during summer and sedimentation/resuspension phenomena. Additionally, signi-ficant longitudinal variations of the MeHg+ concentrations are observed. The highest levels in both dissolved and particulate fractions are found within the downstream urban estuarine area. This can be explained by the high methylation potential of the sediments, but direct anthropogenic inputs of MeHg+ from specific discharge points cannot be neglected. Biogeochemical factors like phytoplankton biomass and salinity also show a relationship with MeHg+ partitioning in the surface waters of the Adour estuary.
High-Temperature Neutron Diffraction Study of Y4Al2O9☆

Abstract The anisotropic thermal expansion and anisotropy of lattice volume change in Y4Al2O9at 1370°C were confirmed by high-temperature neutron diffraction of the sintered polycrystalline sample. The cell volume of the high-temperature phase is approximately 0.4% smaller than that of the low-temperature phase. The crystal structure of the high-temperature phase was determined by Rietveld analysis. It crystallizes in a monoclinic cell,a=7.4804(4) A,b=10.5461(5) A,c=11.2057(7) A, andβ=108.927(4)° at 1518°C,Z=4 with space groupP21/c, which is identical to the space group of the low-temperature phase. The phase transition was concluded to be diffusionless by comparison of the crystal structures of the high- and low-temperature phases. At the transition, the atoms in the unit cell move cooperatively on the slip planes of oxygen atoms parallel to the (010) plane along theaaxis.
Nominal and Verbal Agreement in Portuguese: Differential Outcomes of a Focus on Language in a Fourth-Grade Immersion Class

Abstract:Immersion students' language abilities are generally characterized by strong receptive skills (listening, reading) and less developed productive skills (speaking, writing) when compared with L1 speakers of the immersion language (e.g., Allen et al. 1990; Cummins 1998; Harley 1992). In this paper we report results from a six-month mixed-methods case study of a fourth-grade Portuguese dual language immersion (DLI) classroom that had implemented a focus on language forms through noticing, awareness, and practice activities, with corrective feedback interwoven throughout the process. We discuss the evidence of immersion learners' emerging linguistic and grammatical competence as shown through a written pretest and posttest and pre- and post-interviews. Results indicate that the large majority of these learners do not yet show consistent nominal or verbal agreement in their speech or writing, although signs of improvement were observed during the course of the academic year with regard to nominal agreement. Additionally, we present evidence showing that these students tend to produce an extremely limited range of forms for each verb, with many producing only third person singular forms in the present tense. We end with suggestions on how to help immersion students develop stronger and more accurate productive skills.
Digital transparency: Dimensions, antecedents and consequences on the quality of customer relationships

This research focuses on transparency in a digital environment, examines how it is perceived by customers through different evaluations (perceived clarity, objectivity, and openness), and examines how each of these dimensions affects customer trust and engagement to the brand. It pointed out that judgments of transparency differ according to the relationship that consumers have personally developed with their digital environment (literacy, consumer acumen, and concern for privacy). Based on an empirical study conducted in e-commerce (N = 445), the results show that perceived clarity – unlike perceived objectivity – is accompanied by a decline in trust and has a direct impact on engagement. On the contrary, perceived openness encourages engagement but not trust. This research highlights how consumer literacy and consumer acumen promote the perception of transparency, while concern for privacy degrades it. Theoretical and practical implications are then drawn from this research.
The Effect of Market Orientation on the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Case of Amhara Region, Ethiopia

The study investigated the effect of market orientation on the performance of small and medium enterprises in case of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Primary data was collected from a total of 250 owners/managers of small and medium enterprises using structured questionnaire. A multivariate data analysis technique of structural equation modelling was employed to analyse the data. The result indicated that customer orientation and interfunctional coordination dimensions of MO are significantly and positively affected small and medium enterprises performance. However, competitor orientation dimension was not found to have a positive and significant effect on the performance. The findings revealed that small and medium enterprises need to be more market oriented to realize superior performance. In addition, the different beta coefficient of market orientation indicated that new business ventures are highly recommended to conduct a market orientation profile and take care in investing their scarce resources. Moreover, the mixed results indicate that firms are advised to replicate market orientation to score superior performance with due care in considering the contexts and time in the industry they are operating and match strategies with their internal resources and core competencies. Finally, this study contributed to the almost wholly overlooked research on market orientation and performance linkages in Ethiopian case and the empirical context of this study is quite novel and helpful for developed nations firms who are trying to operate in emerging economies such as Ethiopia.
Proton dynamics and the tautomerization potential in benzoic acid crystals

Two-proton exchange along the two hydrogen bonds mediates the tautomerization in benzoic acid (BA) dimers. Optical spectroscopy and quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) have been employed to characterize the proton dynamics in doped and pure BA crystals. The proton motion in BA is govemed by a multidimensional potential energy surface (PES), and recent theoretical methods, based on a perturbative instanton approach, to describe tunneling in such PES are presented. This PES is also modulated by the interaction with the solid state environment as manifest by the energy difference between the otherwise equivalent tautomers. The value of this energy difference in pure crystals is an important parameter in the data analysis of NMR and QENS. Both methods give mutually consistent values that differ significantly from earlier determinations via infrared and 13 C NMR as well as a recent evaluation using neutron diffraction data. The energy difference between tautomers is altered for dimers in the vicinity of impurity molecules. This is the basis for the optical spectroscopic methods, which enable a direct and accurate determination of the level structure and tautomerization dynamics of these coupled dimers in the limit of very low temperatures, where coherent tunneling is also observed in some cases. Measurements with new impurity molecules make it possible to monitor simultaneously at least 10 different tautomer configurations and prove that the influence of the probe molecules on the proton dynamics is small. The transition to thermally activated barrier crossing at higher temperatures is accessed via the width of the QENS line that is determined by the inverse of the proton correlation time. The quantitative data analysis of the scattered intensity as a function of temperature and scattering angle yields the energy difference, A, betwcen the two wells (A/k B =90±20 K), the length (0.686 A), and direction of the proton jump vector. These measurements complement NMR investigations presented in the preceding paper.
Increasing Pretrial Releases and Reducing Felony Convictions for Defendants: Implications for Desistance from Crime

Abstract:The bulk of the desistance literature has focused on social/contextual factors (marriage, employment, peers) and their criminogenic consequences. Less attention has been devoted to the role of criminal justice system involvement in the desistance process, and most of the existing research indicates that system involvement tends to inhibit or delay desistance from crime. One recent effort to combat that pattern was implemented with the Responsive Interventions for Change (RIC) Docket in Harris County, Texas, in 2016. The RIC Docket was intended to increase defendants' access to a pretrial release bond and to reduce rates of felony convictions, thus lowering the risk of disrupting important prosocial ties and avoiding potentially stigmatizing labels. In the present study, we use case processing data on rates of pretrial release and felony convictions from one year prior to (N = 6,792) and three years following (N = 12,152) the implementation of the RIC Docket. Results show that those processed through the RIC Docket were 24% more likely to have access to pretrial release and 45% less likely to have their cases result in a conviction. We conclude by discussing the importance of policy changes intended to reduce barriers to the successful desistance process for individuals involved in the justice system. Résumé:La majeure partie de la documentation sur le désistement a mis l'accent sur les facteurs sociaux/ contextuels (mariage, emploi, les pairs) et leurs conséquences criminogéniques. Par contre, moins d'attention a été apportée au rôle du système de justice pénale dans le processus de désistement, et la majorité de la recherche existante indique que l'implication du système a tendance à empêcher ou à retarder le désistement du crime. Un effort récent pour lutter contre ce modèle a été mis en œuvre avec le Responsive Interventions for Change (RIC) Docket au Harris County, au Texas, en 2016. Le RIC Docket avait pour but d'accroître l'accès des accusés à un cautionnement conditionnel et de réduire les taux de déclaration de culpabilité pour crime grave, diminuant ainsi le risque de perturber d'importants liens prosociaux et évitant de potentielles étiquettes stigmatisantes. Dans cet article, nous utilisons des données sur le traitement des causes sur le taux de libération conditionnelle et de déclaration de culpabilité pour crime grave à partir d'un an avant (N = 6,792) et trois ans après (N = 12,152) la mise en place du RIC Docket. Les résultats démontrent que ceux qui ont été traités par le RIC Docket avaient 24 % plus de chance d'avoir accès à une libération conditionnelle et 45 % moins de chance d'être déclarés coupables. Nous concluons en discutant de l'importance de changer les politiques en vue de réduire les obstacles au processus de désistement réussi pour les personnes se retrouvant dans le système de justice.
Buck-Boost/Forward Hybrid Converter for PV Energy Conversion Applications

This paper presents a charger and LED lighting (discharger) hybrid system with a PV array as its power source for electronic sign indicator applications. The charger adopts buck-boost converter which is operated in constant current mode to charge lead-acid battery and with the perturb and observe method to extract maximum power of PV arrays. Their control algorithms are implemented by microcontroller. Moreover, forward converter with active clamp circuit is operated in voltage regulation condition to drive LED for electronic sign applications. To simplify the circuit structure of the proposed hybrid converter, switches of two converters are integrated with the switch integration technique. With this approach, the proposed hybrid converter has several merits, which are less component counts, lighter weight, smaller size, and higher conversion efficiency. Finally, a prototype of LED driving system under output voltage of 10 V and output power of 20 W has been implemented to verify its feasibility. It is suitable for the electronic sign indicator applications.
Construction of magnetic visible-light-driven plasmonic Fe3O4@SiO2@AgCl : Ag nanophotocatalyst

A magnetic visible-light response core-shell Fe3O4@SiO2@AgCl:Ag nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic performance has been prepared by combining polyol, sol–gel and photo-reduction methods. Room temperature magnetic hysteresis curves show that the as-synthesized Fe3O4@SiO2@AgCl:Ag nanoparticles display ferromagnetic behaviour with saturation magnetization of 10.76 emu g−1. This property indicates that the nanophotocatalyst can be easily separated by applying an external magnetic field. Furthermore, the as-achieved nanophotocatalyst exhibits high activity and stability toward decomposition of organic pollutant, e.g., Rhodamine B (RhB). For example, it takes only 4 min to degrade RhB molecules with the assistance of magnetic nanocomposites under visible-light irradiation. The nanophotocatalyst can be reused eight times without loss of activity. The high activity, stability and magnetic recyclability of the nanophotocatalyst afford it promising applications in environmental remediation, water disinfection and potential use in industry.
Intraseasonal variability of the subsurface temperature observed in the South China Sea (SCS)

Using Morlet wavelet transform we investigated the intraseasonal variability of the subsurface temperature in the SCS by analyzing ATLAS mooring data obtained during the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX). It is found for the first time that subsurface temperature in the SCS exists intraseasonal variability, particularly in winter. The strongest intraseasonal variability ranges from 50 to 100 m with its maximum amplitude about 1.0–2.0°C. The subsurface temperature intraseasonal variability in the SCS is primarily induced by local wind stress curl via adjusting the vertical displacement of thermocline. It reveals the important characteristic of intraseasonal variations in the SCS upper ocean vertically.
Optimization of the Spatial Configuration of Local Defects in Phononic Crystals for High Q Cavity

Defects can be introduced within a 2-D periodic lattice to realize phononic cavities or phononic crystal (PnC) waveguides at the ultrasonic frequency range. The arrangement of these defects within a PnC lattice results in the modification of the Q factor of the cavity or the waveguide. In this work, cavity defects within a PnC formed using cylindrical stainless steel scatterers in water have been modified to control the propagation and Q factor of acoustic waveguides realized through defect channels. The defect channel–based waveguides within the PnC were configured horizontally, vertically, and diagonally along the direction of the propagation of the acoustic waves. Numerical simulations supported by experimental demonstration indicate that the defect-based waveguide’s Q factor is improved by over 15 times for the diagonal configuration compared to the horizontal configuration. It also increases due to an increase in the scatterers’ radius, which was varied from 0.7 to 0.95 mm.
Evaluation of a Novel Psychological Intervention Tailored for Patients With Early Cognitive Impairment (PIPCI): Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Individuals with early phase cognitive impairment are frequently affected by existential distress, social avoidance and associated health issues (including symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression). The demand for efficient psychological support is crucial from both an individual and a societal perspective. We have developed a novel psychological intervention (Psychological Intervention tailored for Patients with Cognitive Impairment, PIPCI) manual for providing a non-medical path to enhanced psychological health in the cognitively impaired population. The current article provides specific information on the randomized controlled trial (RCT)-design and methods. The main hypothesis is that participants receiving PIPCI will increase their psychological flexibility (the ability to notice and accept interfering thoughts, emotions, and bodily sensations without acting on them, when this serves action in line with personal values) compared to participants in the active control (cognitive training) group and the waiting list control group. The secondary hypotheses are that participants receiving PIPCI will improve psychological health (stress measures, quality of life, depression, and general health) compared to participants in the active control group and the waiting list control group. Materials and Methods This three-arm RCT will recruit participants from the cognitive centers at Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm and randomize approximately 120 individuals in the early phase of cognitive impairment to either an experimental group (psychological intervention once a week for 10 weeks), an active control group (cognitive training once a week for 10 weeks) or a waiting list control group. Intervention outcome will be evaluated with self-report questionnaires on physical and psychological aspects of health, cognitive assessment, biological markers (obtained from blood and saliva) and health care costs. Assessments will be performed at pre- (1 week before the interventions) and post-intervention (1 week after the interventions), as well as at a 6-month follow-up. Discussion The development of a potentially feasible and effective psychological intervention tailored for early phase cognitive impairment (PIPCI) has the potential to advance the non-pharmacological intervention field. This is especially important given the extensive burden for many affected individuals and their families and the current lack of effective treatments. If the psychological intervention discussed here shows feasibility and efficacy, there is potential for far-reaching healthcare implications for patients with early cognitive impairment at risk of developing dementia. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04356924. Date of registration: April 22, 2020. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04356924.
Machine Learning-Based Data Mining Method for Sentiment Analysis of the Sewol Ferry Disaster's Effect on Social Stress

The Sewol Ferry Disaster which took place in 16th of April, 2014, was a national level disaster in South Korea that caused severe social distress nation-wide. No research at the domestic level thus far has examined the influence of the disaster on social stress through a sentiment analysis of social media data. Data extracted from YouTube, Twitter, and Facebook were used in this study. The population was users who were randomly selected from the aforementioned social media platforms who had posted texts related to the disaster from April 2014 to March 2015. ANOVA was used for statistical comparison between negative, neutral, and positive sentiments under a 95% confidence level. For NLP-based data mining results, bar graph and word cloud analysis as well as analyses of phrases, entities, and queries were implemented. Research results showed a significantly negative sentiment on all social media platforms. This was mainly related to fundamental agents such as ex-president Park and her related political parties and politicians. YouTube, Twitter, and Facebook results showed negative sentiment in phrases (63.5, 69.4, and 58.9%, respectively), entity (81.1, 69.9, and 76.0%, respectively), and query topic (75.0, 85.4, and 75.0%, respectively). All results were statistically significant (p < 0.001). This research provides scientific evidence of the negative psychological impact of the disaster on the Korean population. This study is significant because it is the first research to conduct sentiment analysis of data extracted from the three largest existing social media platforms regarding the issue of the disaster.