Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Considerations on genericity for programming language design

The generic programming paradigm has received considerable attention since the publication of the C STL library [20]. The speci cation of capabilities, which a programming language must provide to support generic programming, has been examined in detail in [26] and [31]. Especially in the area of computer algebra, these requirements are extensive, because of the structural complexity of the types and algorithms and the need for precision in declarations. In this essay we propose a general approach to the design and implementation of a type system. We then discuss how programming language constructs can be described by means of the calculus, including overload resolution, higher-order functions and type constructors with contravariant argument positions together with automatic instantiation of generic algorithms with bounded type variables (type classes).
Design of Small CRPA Arrays with Circular Microstrip Loops for Electromagnetically Coupled Feed

This paper proposes a design of small controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA) arrays using circular microstrip loops with frequency-insensitive characteristics. The proposed array consists of seven identical upper and lower circular loops that are electromagnetically coupled, which results in a frequency-insensitive behavior. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed feeding mechanism, the proposed array is fabricated, and its antenna characteristics are measured in a full-anechoic chamber. The operating principle of the proposed feeding mechanism is then interpreted using an equivalent circuit model, and the effectiveness of the circular loop shape is demonstrated by calculating near electromagnetic fields in proximity to the radiator. The results confirm that the proposed feeding mechanism is suitable to have fre-quency-insensitive behavior and induces strong electric and magnetic field strengths for higher radiation gain in extremely small antenna arrays.
Insights into the long-to-intermediate-term pre-shock accelerating moment release (AMR) from the March 11, 2011, off the Pacific coast of Tohoku, Japan, M 9 earthquake

Great earthquakes with extending rupture areas, such as the March 11, 2011, off the Pacific coast of Tohoku, Japan, M 9 earthquake, provide opportunities to inspect some details of the pre-shock moment release with the reference of the earthquake preparation and rupture processes. To this end, we investigated the cumulative seismic moment tensor for different segments of the earthquake fault. For the 3 decades time scale, pre-shock accelerating moment release (AMR) can be observed, with potential correlation with the segmentation of earthquake fault.
Influence of Thermal Treatment on Magnetic Properties of Steel Sheet Material Utilised in Cable Routing System

The influence of relax annealing aimed at removal of the residual stresses (so-called stress-relief annealing) on various magnetic parameters, such as the relative magnetic amplitude permeability, coercivity, remanent flux density, etc. is discussed. Samples of steel cable tray material which is a part of commercially available cable routing system were investigated in order to find information about the properties important from the point of view of EMC requirements in extremely demanding industrial environment.
Selective Impacts of the 2012 Water Floods on the Vegetation and Wildlife of Wilberforce Island, Nigeria

The study was designed to evaluate the impacts of the 2012 water floods on the wildlife and vegetation of Wilberforce Island. Ten transects of 1 km each were established cutting across the three levels of impacted vegetation namely, dead, dying and intact plants. The relative topography of the plots was assessed based on the measurement of receding water marks on plants. The effects of the floods on wildlife were assessed through interviews and field work. The study found that 23 mammals, 21 avian fauna and 37 plants were impacted. The plant species, which exhibited the greatest impacts, was Musanga cecropoides. The water level marks on Musanga cecropoides coincided with the physiological stress on the plant. The receding water level mark on Musanga cecropoides ranged from 59.33 to 164.67cm for the dead plants, 12.00 to 32.67cm for the dying plants, but the water was at ground level for intact vegetation. The study provided an assessment of the 2012 floods impacts on biodiversity, providing scientific evidence for planning responses to mitigate future flooding events and providing the basis for assessment of cumulative impacts of multiple flooding events on the Island since flooding was also predicted to occur in 2013.
TITLE: The Role of Autophagy with Arginine Deiminase as a Novel Prostate Cancer Therapy

Autophagy: Cell Biology, Physiology, & Pathology: An EMBO Conference Series October 18-21, 2009, Ascona, Switzerland Arginine deprivation by arginine deiminase (ADI) is a novel therapy that is effective against prostate cancers that lack argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), the rate-limiting enzyme for de novo arginine synthesis. We have previously shown that in ASS negative CWR22Rv1 prostate cancer cells, ADI rapidly induces autophagy through AMPK/mTOR/S6K as well as ERK1/2 pathways in order to delay the onset of caspaseindependent apoptosis. Inhibiting autophagy with chloroquine or Beclin1 siRNA accelerates and enhances ADI-induced apoptosis. In addition, we hope to use ADI as a tool to develop a quantitative image cytometry assay for autophagy. CWR22Rv1 cells overexpressing eGFP-LC3, RFP-LAMP1, and stained with Hoechst live cell nuclear stain were treated with ADI and imaged over time. Autophagosome formation was readily induced by ADI and co-localization with lysosomes appeared to increase over time, confirming autophagic flux. Apoptosis was detected after 72 hours of ADI treatment although autophagy in these cells was greatly diminished. Using Volocity, a high performance 3D imaging software, parameters such as autophagosome size, fluorescent intensity, kinetics, half-life, and degree of co-localization with lysosomes can potentially be extracted from 3D and 4D images. Additional fluorescent labels in conjunction with image cytometry can therefore provide direct measurements from which mechanistic inferences can be made, providing a novel and powerful tool to the field of autophagy. Arginine Deiminase as a Novel Therapy for Prostate Cancer Induces Autophagy and Caspase-Independent Apoptosis Randie H. Kim, 1 Jodi M. Coates, 2 Tawnya L. Bowles, 2 Gregory P. McNerney, 3 Julie Sutcliffe, 4 Jae U. Jung, 6 Regina Gandour-Edwards, 5 Frank Y.S. Chuang, 3 Richard J. Bold, 2 and Hsing-Jien Kung 1 Departments of Biological Chemistry, Surgery (Division of Surgical Oncology), Biophysics (Center for Biophotonics and Science Technology), Biomedical Engineering, and Pathology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California; and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck Medical School, Los Angeles, California
Seismic Gap Hypothesis: Ten years after

The seismic gap hypothesis states that earthquake hazard increases with time since the last large earthquake on certain faults or plate boundaries. One of the earliest and clearest applications of the seismic gap theory to earthquake forecasting was by McCann et al. (1979), who postulated zones of high, medium, and low seismic potential around the Pacific rim. In the 10 years since, there have been over 40 large (M ≥ 7.0) earthquakes, enough to test statistically the earlier forecast. We also analyze another forecast of long-term earthquake risk, that by Kelleher et al. (1973). The hypothesis of increased earthquake potential after a long quiet period can be rejected with a large confidence. The data suggest that, contrary to these forecasts, places of recent earthquake activity have larger than usual seismic hazard, whereas the segments of the circum-Pacific belt with no large earthquakes in recent decades have remained relatively quiet. The “clustering” of earthquake times does not contradict the plate tectonic model, which constrains only the long-term average slip rate, not the regularity of earthquakes.
REALIZATION OF DUAL-BAND FILTER CHARACTERISTICS BY BOX CONFIGURATIONS

This work demonstrates that the well-known box conflguration comprising four inverter-coupled resonators is capable of realizing a dual-band fllter characteristic. A dual-band fllter is designed at 1GHz and subsequently implemented as a Combline microstrip fllter exhibiting measured frequency characteristics which closely matched the simulations.
The Distributional Impacts of Recreational Fees: A Discrete Choice Model with Incomplete Data

We explore the distributional consequences of various fee schemes and other policy programs to reduce overfishing in the gulf of Mexico recreational fishery. The econometric model allows the marginal utility of income to vary across three income groups. We find that flat fees have a strong proportional effect on the participation of shore fishermen, where low-income anglers predominate, and a relatively small impact on the expensive charter fishery. We also find that the welfare consequences of declining catch rates would fall disproportionately on low-income anglers. (JEL Q51, Q22)
Agent Based Disaster Evacuation Assistance System

This paper proposes a system that supports people being evacuated effectively from dangerous situations by using multi-agent cooperation. The main feature of this system is that it does not require central servers. The system uses the mobile devices of evacuees (e.g. phones, mobile PCs, tablets) and performs distributed calculations while assessing the locations of evacuees.By using this system, the evacuees are able to know the appropriate evacuation timing. This paper focuses on the formalization of the disaster evacuation problem and how to solve it using the framework of the Distributed Constraint Optimization Problem (DCOP). In order to evaluate this system, an experiment was carried out using multi-agent simulation. The result of the experiment showed that, for the case where the evacuees can receive evacuation guidance from this system, the evacuation completion time for all evacuees (in the case) was about 10% - 30% less than in the case where this system is not used.
Interactive comment on “Application of Weighted Semivariogram Model (WSVM) based on fitness to experimental semivariogram on estimation of rainfall amount” by S.-J. Wu et al

The paper proposes a weighted semivariogram to deal with the determination of the variogram parameters and aimed at improving the quality of estimation models. Although the paper relatively clear, I am concerning about the methodology they propose and the idea of combining basic variogram structures to “optimize” the fitting. 1. Improvement in results is simply consequence of adding flexibility to the minimization of the misfit, by adding several structures of different types. However, this approach lacks a reasonable interpretation of the resulting model. Furthermore, no nugget effect is
Title Language performance of sequential bilinguals on an Irish andEnglish sentence repetition task

Currently there are no standardized language assessments for English-Irish bilingual school age children that would test languages in comparable way. There are also no standardized language assessments of Irish for this age group. The current study aimed to design comparable language assessments in both languages targeting structures known to be challenging for children with language impairments. A sentence repetition (SRep) task equivalent to the English SRep task (Marinis, Chiat, Armon-Lotem, Piper, & Roy, 2011) was designed for Irish. Twenty-four typically developing, sequential bilingual children immersed in Irish in the educational setting performed better on the English SRep task than on the Irish SRep task. Different patterns were observed in language performance across sentence types with performance on relative clauses being particularly poor in Irish. Similarly, differences were observed in error patterns with the highest number of errors of omission in Irish, and the highest number of substitution errors in English.
The effect of dietary restriction on the lifespan of males in a web-building spider

Question: Do web-building spider males respond to dietary restriction by increased lifespan, as is observed in many other organisms? Hypothesis: Adult males normally do not feed, have extremely high extrinsic mortality rates during mate search, and mate only once, hence they are less likely to benefit from increased lifespan in terms of future reproductive success. Accordingly, they are not expected to respond to dietary restriction by increased lifespan. Organism: Adult white widow spider (Latrodectus pallidus) males. Methods: Virgin adult males were kept on a low diet or fed ad libitum. Longevity of males was recorded. Results: As opposed to our predictions we found that food-restricted male spiders survived longer than males that fed ad libitum.
3D Object Classification and Parameter Estimation based on Parametric Procedural Models

Classifying and gathering additional information about an unknown 3D objects is dependent on having a large amount of learning data. We propose to use procedural models as data foundation for this task. In our method we (semi-)automatically deﬁne parameters for a procedural model constructed with a modeling tool. Then we use the procedural models to classify an object and also automatically estimate the best parameters. We use a standard convolutional neural network and three different object similarity measures to estimate the best parameters at each degree of detail. We evaluate all steps of our approach using several procedural models and show that we can achieve high classiﬁcation accuracy and meaningful parameters for unknown objects.
SELF-EXTRACTION IN A COMPACT HIGH-INTENSITY H CYCLOTRON AT IBA

At IBA a compact 14 MeV H cyclotron is under construction. A special feature of this cyclotron is that there is no electrical deflector installed, i.e. the beam is self-extracted. This is achieved by a special shaping of the magnetic field, which shows a very steep fall-off near the outer radius of the pole and at the same time a strong first harmonic component in the extraction region. The steep fall-off is obtained with a small quasi-elliptical pole gap and the machining of a groove in one of the poles. The strong first harmonic is obtained with permanent magnet field bumps placed in two opposite valleys. Results of Tosca simulations, field mapping and tracking are presented.
Permanent annihilation of thermally activated defects which limit the lifetime of float‐zone silicon

We have observed very large changes in the minority carrier lifetime when high purity float‐zone (FZ) silicon wafers are subject to heat‐treatments in the range of 200–1100 °C. Recombination centres were found to become activated upon annealing at 450–700 °C, causing significant reductions in the bulk lifetime, detrimental for high efficiency solar cells and stable high powered devices. Photoluminescence imaging of wafers annealed at 500 °C revealed concentric circular patterns, with lower lifetimes occurring in the centre, and higher lifetimes around the periphery. Deep level transient spectroscopy measurements on samples extracted from the centre of an n‐type FZ silicon wafer annealed at 500 °C revealed a large variety of defects with activation energies ranging between 0.16–0.36 eV. Our measurements indicate that vacancy related defects are causing the severe degradation in lifetime when FZ wafers are annealed at 450–700 °C. Upon annealing FZ silicon at temperatures >800 °C, the lifetime is completely recovered, whereby the defect‐rich regions vanish and do not reappear (permanently annihilated). Our results indicate that, in general, as‐grown FZ silicon should not be assumed to be defect lean, nor can it be assumed that the bulk lifetime will remain stable during thermal processing, unless annealed at temperatures >1000 °C.
CONSTRAINTS ON THE PHOTON MASS WITH FAST RADIO BURSTS

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are radio bursts characterized by millisecond durations, high Galactic latitude positions, and high dispersion measures. Very recently, the cosmological origin of FRB 150418 has been confirmed by Keane et al., and FRBs are now strong competitors as cosmological probes. The simple sharp feature of the FRB signal is ideal to probe some of the fundamental laws of physics. Here we show that by analyzing the delay time between different frequencies, the FRB data can place stringent upper limits on the rest mass of the photon. For FRB 150418 at z = 0.492, one can potentially reach m γ ≤ 5.2 × 10 − 47 g, which is 1020 times smaller than the rest mass of electron and is about 103 times smaller than that obtained using other astrophysical sources with the same method.
Autoinhibition of germination and seedling establishment by leachate of Calluna vulgaris leaves and litter

Allelopathic effects of Calluna vulgaris have been extensively studied, but little attention has been given to the dynamics of phytotoxicity during the decomposition of its litter. Strong evidence from vegetation dynamics and management strategies indicate that Calluna litter inhibits its own seed regeneration. This work investigates the hypotheses that Calluna tissues are autotoxic and that decomposition processes moderate this effect. Water extracts of fresh Calluna shoots, litter and surface soil from a burned stand were used in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions to test for phytotoxicity in Lepidium sativum and Calluna vulgaris seeds and seedlings. Phytotoxicity varied for undecomposed Calluna materials with the following rank: shoots ? litter ? burned soil. Moreover, phytotoxicity on Lepidium and Calluna of all tested materials sharply decreased during aerobic decomposition, but it remained high in anaerobic conditions. This paper confirms that Calluna shoots and litter are autotoxic, and demonst.
Analysing Risk Management in Banks: Evidence of Bank Efficiency and Macroeconomic Impact

The recent Global Economic meltdown triggered by the subprime mortgage crisis of United States in 2007 and its adverse effect on financial markets and participants in the financial industry worldwide have resulted in a capital management crisis in most financial institutions especially banks. This study is a case for the Nigerian banking industry, focusing on factors affecting risk management efficiency in banks. For empirical investigation, we employed Panel regression analysis taking a stratum of time series data and cross-sectional variants of macro and bank-specific factors for period covering 2003 to 2009. Result for panel regression indicates that risk management efficiency in Nigerian banks is not just affected by bank-specific factors but also by macroeconomic variables. This describes the pro-cyclicality of bank performance in the Nigerian banking sector. As it stands, the sufficiency of Basel principles for risk management is doubtful because asset quality varies with business cycles.
Combinational approach using solid dispersion and semi-solid matrix technology to enhance in vitro dissolution of telmisartan

Introduction Abstract The present investigation was focused to formulate semi-solid capsules (SSCs) of hydrophobic drug telmisartan (TLMS) by encapsulating semi-solid matrix of its solid dispersion (SD) in HPMC capsules. The combinational approach was used to reduce the lag time in drug release and improvise its dissolution. SDs of TLMS was prepared using hot fusion method by varying the combinations of Pluronic-F68, Gelucire 50/13 and Plasdone S630. A total of nine batches (SD1-SD9) were characterized for micromeritic properties, in vitro dissolution behavior and surface characterization. SD4 with 52.43% cumulative drug release (CDR) in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, in 120 min, t50% 44.2 min and DE30min 96.76% was selected for the development of semi-solid capsules. Differential scanning calorimetry of SD4 revealed molecular dispersion of TLMS in Pluronic-F68. SD4 was formulated into SSCs using Gelucire 44/14 and PEG 400 as semi-solid components and PEG 6000 as a suspending agent to achieve reduction in lag time for effective drug dissolution. SSC6 showed maximum in vitro drug dissolution 97.49 % in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4 with in 20 min that was almost a three folds reduction in the time required to achieve similar dissolution by SD. Thus, SSCs present an excellent approach to enhance in vitro dissolution as well as to reduce the lag time of dissolution for poorly water soluble drugs especially to those therapeutic classes that are intended for faster onset of action. Developed approach based on HPMC capsules provided a better alternative to target delivery of telmisartan to the vegetarian population.
Community structures of soil animals and survival of land snails on an island of the Ogasawara Archipelago

On Chichijima, one of the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands located in the Western Pacific Ocean, land snails have declined, the suggested cause being predation pressure by an invasive flatworm (Platydemus manokwari). Soil fauna were investigated in areas where the snail survives, and where it has become extinct. Much of the fauna, dominated by introduced earthworms and ants, was undiminished, however, one undescribed but endemic carabid (Badister sp.), which selectively feeds on land snails, was absent in snail-extinct areas. The invasive flatworm P. manokwari has been reported to feed also on the carcasses of earthworms, as well as on live snails, and is therefore expected to occur in most parts of Chichijima Island. Among other groups, the density of isopods (also dominated by exotic species) was very low, in comparison with the reported ones 30 years ago. Community structure is currently reflected by dominance of earthworms and ants, decline of endemic isopods, and a high frequency of introduced or alien species.
Increased temperature causes different carbon and nitrogen processing patterns in two common intertidal foraminifera ( Ammonia tepida and Haynesina germanica )

Abstract. Benthic foraminifera are highly abundant heterotrophic protists in marine sediments, but future environmental changes will challenge the tolerance limits of intertidal species. Metabolic rates and physiological processes in foraminifera are strongly dependent on environmental temperatures. Temperature-related stress could therefore impact foraminiferal food source processing efficiency and might result in altered nutrient fluxes through the intertidal food web. In this study, we performed a laboratory feeding experiment on Ammonia tepida and Haynesina germanica, two dominant foraminiferal species of the German Wadden Sea/Friedrichskoog, to test the effect of temperature on phytodetritus retention. The specimens were fed with 13C and 15N labelled freeze-dried Dunaliella tertiolecta (green algae) at the start of the experiment and were incubated at 20, 25 and 30 °C respectively. Dual labelling was applied to observe potential temperature effects on the relation of phytodetrital carbon and nitrogen retention. Samples were taken over a period of 2 weeks. Foraminiferal cytoplasm was isotopically analysed to investigate differences in carbon and nitrogen uptake derived from the food source. Both species showed a positive response to the provided food source, but carbon uptake rates of A. tepida were 10-fold higher compared to those of H. germanica. Increased temperatures had a far stronger impact on the carbon uptake of H. germanica than on A. tepida. A distinct increase in the levels of phytodetrital-derived nitrogen (compared to more steady carbon levels) could be observed over the course of the experiment in both species. The results suggest that higher temperatures have a significant negative effect on the carbon exploitation of H. germanica. For A. tepida, higher carbon uptake rates and the enhanced tolerance range for higher temperatures could outline an advantage in warmer periods if the main food source consists of chlorophyte phytodetritus. These conditions are likely to impact nutrient fluxes in A. tepida/H. germanica associations.