Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Average of an Analytic Functional.

1. Conceive a particle free to wander along the x-axis. Suppose the probability that it wander a given distance independent (1) of the position from which it starts to wander, (2) of the time when it starts to wander, (3) of the direction in which it wanders. It may be shown2 that under these circumstances, the probability that after a time, t, it has wandered from the origin to a position lying between x=xo and x=xi is
Effect of phase control-based peak-to-average power ratio reduction on multi-input multi-output adaptive modulated vector coding systems

As a solution to high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) problems in vector coding (VC) systems, phase control-based methods such as selected mapping (SLM) and partial transmit sequence have been investigated. As described in this study, a phase sequence blind estimation method is presented for PAPR reduction based on phase control in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) adaptive modulated VC systems, where turbo code is employed. On the receiver side, the phase sequence component is estimated using a maximum likelihood method that selects the most likely sequence among all candidate sequences by exploiting soft-output information of the decoder. Computer simulation results show that when the number of candidate sequences in SLM is M=16, instantaneous power of the transmit signal at the complementary cumulative distribution function of 10−5 can be reduced by about 4.0 and 3.5 dB for single-input single-output and MIMO cases as compared with the case without PAPR reduction, although almost identical block error rate performance and the same throughput performance as in the case of perfect phase sequence estimation are achieved in an attenuated six-path Rayleigh fading condition.
A Structural Analysis of Carbon Nanotubes

The anti-ballistic protective fabrics are currently made of multiple layers of lamina in order to stop bullets with spreading its kinetic energy. In order to solve stability and collapse phenomena, single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are treated as equivalent thin-walled continuum cylindrical structures with comparison molecular dynamics solution. The effective mechanical properties on multiple material scale of the protective lamina is determined by stochastic model of planar fibre network. Another form of personal protection material, e.g. CNT/polymer system is also commented. Keywords—Carbon nanotube; Impact; Antiballistic protective fabric
Occupational Choice and Returns to Skills : evidence from the NLSY 79 and O * Net

The goal of this paper is to measure and decompose the wage return to a set of human skills, taking into account the self-selection of workers into their occupations. The paper combines data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 Cohort (NLSY79), with data from the Occupational Information Network (O*Net) and proposes an instrumental variables approach to estimate the wage return to math and language skills. To deal with the endogeneity of occupations, I instrument the importance of math for a worker’s occupation in her thirties and forties (occupational choices) with the importance of math for the worker’s preferred occupation back in her early twenties (occupational aspirations). A similar instrument is proposed for language skills. The total wage return to math and language skills is then decomposed between direct returns and occupational sorting effects. The paper finds that most of the wage return to language skills between 1992 and 2012 was due to occupational sorting. Math skills have a larger return than language skills and occupational sorting explained only 45% of the total wage return to math skills in 2012. The remaining 55% corresponds to direct returns, which are realized across all occupations. ∗Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota. Email: chap0441@umn.edu. I am grateful to Joseph Ritter for his continuous support and feedback as my advisor. I also thank Marc Bellemare, Elizabeth Davis, Johanna Fajardo-Gonzalez, Paul Glewwe, Jason Kerwin and Aaron Sojourner for their comments and suggestions. I received valuable feedback at the 2015 Midwest Economic Association meeting, the 20th Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association meeting, UMN’s Labor Workshop, CAF and EAFIT University. All errors are my own.
Research on knowledge innovation of supply chain enterprises from the perspective of the thermodynamic entropy theory

The theory of thermodynamic entropy is applied for reference to solve the basic problems of supply chain management science and knowledge innovation of supply chain enterprises. As for entropy, only thermodynamic entropy, statistical physical entropy and information entropy have been recognized, so management entropy is defined as the generalization of entropy. According to the similarity between state change of management system and that of the thermodynamics system, the revelation of the microscopic mechanism of entropy essence by statistical physical entropy, and the foundation that information entropy is regarded as the generalization of entropy by scholars, it is concluded that management entropy exists and has the same properties as thermodynamic entropy. For instance, it becomes a measure of the degree of chaos and disorder of a system and the time vector of the management system. A knowledge innovation sharing model of supply chain enterprises is constructed based on the thermodynamic entropy theory, the process of knowledge sharing in supply chain is analyzed, and the possibility of knowledge sharing among supply chain enterprises from the point of view of game theory is discussed. The principal-agent theory is used to analyze the incentive strategy to promote knowledge sharing in supply chain, and the model of knowledge sharing in supply chain is established.
A Target Region Amplifi ed Polymorphism Marker for Fertility Restorer Gene Rf 1 and Chromosomal Localization of Rf 1 and Rf 2 in Cotton

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), a maternally inherited trait characterized as an inability to produce functional pollen, is an important biological system for economically producing hybrid seed to enhance crop yield and studying cytoplasmic and nuclear gene interactions. In cultivated tetraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), male fertility in two systems CMS-D2 and CMS-D8 is restored by two restorer genes Rf1 and Rf2, respectively. The objectives of the present study were to identify additional molecular markers for the two restorer genes and to determine their chromosomal location in the cotton genome. Two backcross (BC1F1) populations were developed with D2 and D8 restorers containing their respective cytoplasms as female in crosses with the same Upland cotton maintainer as male and recurrent parent. One pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR)–based target region amplifi ed polymorphism (TRAP) marker was developed to be tightly linked to the Rf1 gene with a genetic distance of 0.8 cM, while three more simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers (NAU2232-550/650, NAU2232-750/850, and NAU 2801-250) were identifi ed to be closely linked to Rf2. Using two common SSR markers, a consensus linkage group was constructed to include both Rf1 and Rf2 loci that were anchored in a 14.0-cM region by the two PPR gene-based markers. Based on four chromosome-anchored SSR markers, Rf1 and Rf2 were localized on chromosome D5 within a genetic distance of 1.4 cM, providing an incentive for further investigations of this Rf1/Rf2–containing region. F. Wang and J.F. Zhang, Dep. of Plant and Environ. Sci., Box 30003, New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM, 88003; B. Yue and J. Hu, Northern Crop Science Lab. , USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND 58105; Current address: B. Yue, College of Life Sciences Technology, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China; J. Hu, Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing, USDA-ARS, 59 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164-6402; J.McD. Stewart, Dep. of Crop, Soil and Environ. Sci., Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701. Received 10 Sept. 2008. *Corresponding author (jinzhang@nmsu.edu). Abbreviations: AFLP, amplifi ed fragment-length polymorphism; BC, backcross; CMS, cytoplasmic male sterility; EST, expressed sequence tag; PPR, pentatricopeptide repeat; RAPD, random amplifi ed polymorphic DNA; SSR, simple sequence repeat; STS, sequence tagged site; TRAP, target region amplifi ed polymorphism. Published in Crop Sci. 49:1602–1608 (2009). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2008.09. 0531 © Crop Science Society of America 677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.
Predictability of stock returns using financial ratios in the companieslisted in Tehran Stock Exchange

As one of the complicated and interesting phenomena for both investors and analysts, stock return has always been a source of controversy in the financial markets. The assessment of correlation between financial ratios and their impacts on the stock return predictability is one of the issues often addressed in this area. The present study aiming to assess correlation between financial ratios and their impact on predicting stock returns for the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange covers four financial ratios including price to earnings, book to market value, dividend yield, and capital gain. In order to test the research hypotheses, the historical data over a ten year period during1998-2007 for the sample under study were extracted from the respective data bases. The results of data analysisusing Eviews Software as well as simple and multiple linear regression tests suggested that of the ratios under in question; book to market value and capital gain significantly affect stock return predictability and that stock return can be predicted by analyzing these variables.
Dilated cardiomyopathy ( DCM ) and myocarditis : Classification , clinical and autoimmune features

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a leading cause of heart failure and heart transplantation in younger adults, is characterized by dilatation and impaired contraction of the left or both ventricles; it may be idiopathic, familial/genetic (20-30%), viral, and/or immune. On endomyocardial biopsy there is chronic inflammation in 30-40% of cases. Mutations in genes encoding myo cyte structural proteins, cardiotoxic noxae and infectious agents are known causes; due to high aetiologic and genetic heterogeneity, the gene defects identified so far account for a tiny proportion of the familial cases. In at least two thirds of patients, DCM remains idiopathic. Myo carditis may be idiopathic, infectious or autoimmune and may heal or lead to DCM. Circulating heart-reactive autoantibodies are found in myocarditis/DCM patients and symptomfree relatives at higher frequency than in normal or noninflammatory heart disease control groups. These autoantibodies are directed against multiple antigens, some of which are expressed only in the heart (organ-specific); some autoantibodies have functional effects on cardiac myocytes in vitro as well as in animal models. Depletion of nonantigen-specific antibodies by extracorporeal immunoadsorption is associated with improved ventricular function and reduced cardiac symptoms in some DCM patients, suggesting that autoantibodies may also have a functional role in humans. Immunosuppression seems beneficial in patients who are virus-negative and cardiac autoantibody positive. Prospective family studies have shown that cardiac-specific autoantibodies are present in at least 60% of both familial and non familial pedigrees and predict DCM development among asymptomatic relatives, years before clinical and echocardiographic evidence of disease. Animal models have shown the autoimmune myocarditis/DCM can be induced by virus as well as reproduced by immunization with a wellcharacterized autoantigen, cardiac myosin. Thus, in a substantial proportion of patients, myocarditis and DCM represent different stages of an organ-specific autoimmune disease, that represents the final common pathogenetic pathway of infectious and noninfectious myocardial injuries in genetically predisposed individuals.
Egocentric Hand Tracking for Virtual Reality

Among the contemporary VR problems, creating an immersive and realistic environment is one of the most challenging tasks. In this respect, having the ability to touch and interact with the VR environment is extremely important. Through this project, we created an egocentric hand tracking system that could be embedded inside a VR head mounted display. The pipeline involves reading RGB-D images from an Intel RealSense, piping the RGB components to YOLO, a CNN model, for bounding boxes, retrieving the corresponding depths at these bounding boxes, and displaying the resulting rendered hands in VR. For the hand detection portion of the pipeline, we trained three YOLO models with the best model achieving a test mAP of 64.6%, which is on par with the YOLO results on the VOC 2012 dataset. With more training, we should be able to achieve better accuracies with the other dropout and jitter models. We showcase the results of this pipeline in a video presented in Section 4.2.
Synthesis of motion control of three-mass oscillating system based on solution of inverse dynamic problems

In the article, using the example of a three-mass oscillating system, a procedure for the synthesis of motion control is presented, based on the determination, by solving the inverse dynamic problems, of the control actions that provide the desired character of the oscillating motions for individual partial systems. It is shown that the received control actions will be functions of time, which do not impose any restrictions on the structure of controllers, which can be realized by choosing the design parameters of the control object and by using closed automatic control systems. Since the feedback gains are determined directly from the mathematical model of the control object, the control system will have a weak sensitivity to parametric and coordinate perturbations. The results of numerical simulation of the effectiveness of the proposed method for limiting elastic oscillation are presented. Keywords—control system, three-mass system, inverse problem, dynamic load, mechanical system.
DOPPLER SPECTRUM OF SCATTERED WAVE FROM TWO-DIMENSIONAL TIME-VARYING NONLINEAR SEA SURFACES UNDER RIGHT-HAND CIRCULARLY POLARIZED WAVE INCIDENCE

Electromagnetic scattering from time-varying sea surfaces under right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) wave incidence is investigated, with emphasis on exploring the influence of nonlinear hydrodynamic interactions on Doppler spectral signatures as well as on examining the polarization difference of Doppler spectra between right-hand and left-hand polarized scattering waves. The choppy wave model (CWM) is adopted for describing nonlinear hydrodynamic interactions between ocean waves, and it is constructed by adding horizontal displacements through performing Hilbert transform for a reference linear surface model. Simulation results show that Doppler spectral signatures are significantly influenced by nonlinear hydrodynamic interactions in particular in low-grazing angle regime. It is also indicated that Doppler spectral signatures show distinct polarization dependence. In addition, numerical simulations show that Doppler shift of left-hand polarized scattering wave increases obviously with wind speed increasing, whereas the Doppler shift of right-hand polarized scattering wave looks less sensitive to wind speed variations. The result is potentially valuable in remote sensing applications with Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) signals.
Gas density alters expiratory time constants before and after experimental lung injury

What is the central question of this study? Does the induction of a model of lung injury affect the expiratory time constant (τE) in terms of either total duration or morphology? Does ventilation with gases of different densities alter the duration or morphology of τE either before or after injury? What is the main finding and its importance? The use of sulfur hexafluoride in ventilating gas mixtures lengthens total expiratory time constants before and after lung injury compared with both nitrogen and helium mixtures. Sulfur hexafluoride mixtures also decrease the difference and variability of τE between fast‐ and slow‐emptying compartments before and after injury when compared with nitrogen and helium mixtures.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE INFUSION PROCESSES VALIDATION & PARAMETRIC STUDY

The infusion process has been developed to be a cost-effective technique for the fabrication of large and complex composite structures [1]. Thus, this process has been identified as an alternative to the RTM (Resin Transfer Moulding) as well as the conventional autoclave prepreg technique [2]. In the infusion process, it is important to predict resin infusion time and final thickness of the part according to the process condition such as compaction pressure and resin temperature. Hence, in the present study, we propose a numerical model to simulate the resin infusion through the fibre preform and to predict the resin infusion time. A validation of the numerical resin infusion model is made through the comparison between experimental and numerical results, and a good agreement is observed. Based on this model, a numerical code has been developed to calculate resin infused height for various values of compaction pressure and resin temperature. In the parametric study, the influence of compaction pressure on the final height of the part is investigated. The infusion time is also studied for the various process conditions.
Large classifier systems in bio- and cheminformatics

Large classifier systems are systems in machine learning that combine multiple classifiers. The goal is to improve the performance of classifiers for data sets of complex structure. This thesis introduces two algorithms that employ large classifier systems for multi-label and multi-relational classification. The usefulness of the approaches is shown on problems from bio- and cheminformatics, the prediction of biodegradation and the prediction of toxic effects.
Does Lateral Pelvic Lymph node matters in rectal cancer

The lymph nodes draining the rectum below the peritoneal reflection is found to follow two major pathways (a) Along the superior rectal artery and the inferior mesenteric artery into the para-aortic nodes (b) Along the middle and inferior rectal artery into the obturator, internal iliac and external iliac nodes. The majority of the first group of nodes are resected as a part of Total Mesorectal Excision (TME) [1,2]. The second group of nodes, the lateral pelvic nodes, albeit being recognised long before, have triggered a significant interest in the field of rectal cancer surgery on the approach, recurrence and survival.
Myth: the Trendelenburg position improves circulation in cases of shock.

In World War I, Walter Cannon, an American physiologist, popularized the use of the Trendelenburg position as a treatment for shock. The Trendelenburg position involves the patient being placed with their head down and feet elevated. This position was promoted as a way to increase venous return to the heart, increase cardiac output and improve vital organ perfusion. A decade later, Cannon reversed his opinion regarding the use of the Trendelenburg position, but this did not deter its widespread use. The Trendelenburg position is still a pervasive treatment for shock despite numerous studies failing to show effectiveness.
Wave-dynamics simulation using deep neural networks

Numerical simulation is the dominant method to analyze wave-dynamics. Few neural network methods have been tried on wave-dynamics simulation before. In this project, we have trained a neural network to test if it could learn wave-dynamics only by watching wave propagation sequences without explicit physical equations. We firstly generate a dataset of seismic waves using homogeneous media. The results show that the neural network can successfully predict the propagation of wavefront and keep good sharpness. Then we generate another dataset using complex media with random velocity anomalies, which contains much more complex wave-dynamics phenomena like reflection and diffraction. The prediction results prove that the neural network is also able to predict the complex signals based on the velocity model. Our results demonstrate that the neural network method may be used as an alternative method for wave-dynamics simulation.
ATL 54 , a ubiquitin ligase gene related to secondary cell wall formation , is transcriptionally regulated by MYB 46

We previously characterized Arabidopsis Tóxicos en Levadura54 (ATL54), a ubiquitin ligase associated with secondary cell wall formation. The ATL54 gene is co-expressed with secondary wall-associated genes, and the knock-out of ATL54 up-regulates the expression of cellulose, lignin, and xylan biosynthetic genes in apical stem portions of four-week-old plants. Here, we report the tissue-level localization patterns and the regulation of ATL54 expression. The β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene driven by the ATL54 promoter was significantly expressed in interfascicular fibers, xylary fibers, and vessels in inflorescence stems. A transient transfection assay using Arabidopsis T87 cells showed that the expression of the firefly luciferase gene driven by the ATL54 promoter was activated by MYB46, which is a key transcriptional activator of secondary wall formation. In addition, the electrophoretic mobility of ATL54 promoter fragments was shifted by a recombinant MYB46 protein. These results indicate that ATL54 expression is regulated by MYB46, and support the view that ATL54 has a role in secondary wall formation.
Design of a 0.01∼67GHz broadband coaxial detector

A broadband detector designed for operation from 10MHz to 67GHz based on zero-bias low barrier Schottky diodes is presented in this paper. Accurate design and electromagnetic co-simulation technology are used in ultra-broadband circuit matching optimization to obtain excellent port match and good frequency response. Simulation and measured results of the broadband coaxial detector are given. The measured results show that RF port SWR is less than 1.8; measured sensitivity is 1300 mV/mW typically in the whole frequency band and near 1850mV/mW at 34GHz.
Modeling High-Speed Optical Transmission Systems

Computer simulation of a 2.5-Gb/s intensity-modulated/direct-detected optical system with high path dispersion is described. This simulation, based on single-mode laser diode rate equations, includes transmit and receiver circuit filtering, receiver circuit noise, avalanche photodiode noise, fiber dispersion, and laser chirp. The rate equations are sufficiently general to model mode-offset distributed feedback laser diodes. The system power penalty, due to laser chirp and fiber dispersion, is calculated using Gaussian quadrature numerical integration. By simulating a population of some 12800 laser diodes and correlating the performance of each laser in a transmission system with its spectral characteristics, it is possible to deduce laser specifications that will assure satisfactory operation in long-span links. These results are used to study a laser diode specification under consideration by CCITT, and, by studying the simulated laser line shapes, some modifications to the CCITT specification are considered. >