Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CELLULAR ORGANIZATION, MITOSIS, AND CYTOKINESIS IN THE ULOTRICHALEAN ALGA, KLEBSORMIDIUM 1, 2, 3

Mitosis, cytokinesis, and cellular organization during interphase are described. Interphase cells possess a single microbody‐like organdie which occurs between, and is appressed to, the chloroplast and nucleus. The microbody‐like organelle divides during mitosis and. the division of the chloroplast. Anaphase is unusual in that chromosome‐to‐spindle pole distance remains constant even though the 2 groups of chromosomes become widely separated. When anaphase is half completed, a vacuole forms in the interzonal region and appears to be involved in further separation of the chromosomes. Vacuolar development is also involved with events of early interphase. The cytology of K. flaccidum is compared to those of Ulothrix fimbriata and Stigeoclonium helveticum. The comparison, does not support the present classification of the 3 species, and indicates the value of comparative fine structural studies in the classification of ulotrichalean algae.
A new concept related to growth coefficient

: Although the notion of growth coefficient is important in growth analysis, its meaning is not necessarily pointed out clearly, at least analytically. The present paper, based on the von Bertalanffy model, gives an extended quantity of it and investigates its properties for logistic and Gompertz models. It is age dependent and converges to the coefficient of age in the models, growth coefficient in the traditional sense. The graphs of the quantity and the length show similarity for the logistic model, but not for the Gompertz model, although they show the same type of fluctuation. Moreover, the analysis indicates that the newly defined quantity has a property suitable to be called a growth density of the growth of length. Our discussion also shows the importance of the notion of growth remainder.
Genomic population structure of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to Cape Fear River

Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum, 1792), is an anadromous fish species that supports fisheries throughout North America and is native to the North American Atlantic Coast. Due to long coastal migrations that span multiple jurisdictions, a detailed understanding of population genomics is required to untangle demographic patterns, understand local adaptation, and characterize population movements. This study used 1,256 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci to investigate genetic structure of 477 Striped Bass sampled from 15 locations spanning the North American Atlantic coast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, to the Cape Fear River, United States. We found striking differences in neutral divergence among Canadian sites, which were isolated from each other and US populations, compared with US populations that were much less isolated. Our SNP dataset was able to assign 99% of Striped Bass back to six reporting groups, a 39% improvement over previous genetic markers. Using this method, we found (a) evidence of admixture within Saint John River, indicating that migrants from the United States and from Shubenacadie River occasionally spawn in the Saint John River; (b) Striped Bass collected in the Mira River, Cape Breton, Canada, were found to be of both Miramichi River and US origin; (c) juveniles in the newly restored Kennebec River population had small and nonsignificant differences from the Hudson River; and (d) tributaries within the Chesapeake Bay showed a mixture of homogeny and small differences among each other. This study introduces new hypotheses about the dynamic zoogeography of Striped Bass at its northern range and has important implications for the local and international management of this species.
EIGHT-ELEMENT WITH H-SHAPED SLOT MIMO ANTENNA FOR 5G APPLICATIONS

An eight-element multiple-input-multiple-output antenna system which consists of Hshaped slot antennas is presented around the handset frame for 5G applications. Each antenna element consists of an H-shaped radiating surface and an L-shaped microstrip feeder. In the frequency bands of 3.4–3.6 GHz and 4.7–5.1 GHz, the isolation is lower than −15 dB by introducing the ladder-shaped defect ground structure. The antenna efficiency is 50%–81%, and the envelope correlation coefficient is lower than 0.02 among antenna elements. The measurement results agree well with the simulation ones, indicating that the proposed antenna can satisfy the requirements of 5G communication.
Emotion Recognition From Speech Using Wavelet Packet Transform Cochlear Filter Bank and Random Forest Classifier

This research aims to design and implement an artificial emotional intelligence system that is capable of identifying the unknown emotion of the speaker. To that end, we propose a novel framework for emotion recognition in the presence of noise and interference. Our approach accounts for energy, time and spectral parameters to examine the emotion of the speaker. However, rather than using Gammatone filterbank and short-time Fourier transform (STFT), commonly adopted in the literature, we propose employing a novel wavelet packet transform (WPT) based cochlear filterbank. Our system, coupling this representation with random forest classifier, shows superior performance over other existing algorithms when appraised on three distinct speech corpora in two different languages, and considering also stressful and noisy talking conditions.
Definitive endoderm from embryonic stem cells

Evaluation of: D'Amour KA, Agulnick AD, Eliazer S, Kelly OG, Kroon E, Baetge EE. Efficient differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to definitive endoderm. Nat. Biotechnol. 23(12), 1534–1541(2005) [1] and Yasunaga M, Tada S, Torikai-Nishikawa S et al. Induction and monitoring of definitive and visceral endoderm differentiation of mouse ES cells. Nat. Biotechnol. 23(12),1542–1550 (2005) [2].
A Composite Failure Precursor for Condition Monitoring and Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Discrete Power Devices

In order to prevent catastrophic failures in power electronic systems, multiple failure precursors have been identified to characterize the degradation of power devices. However, there are some practical challenges in determining the suitable failure precursor, which supports the high-accuracy prediction of remaining useful life (RUL). This article proposes a method to formulate a composite failure precursor (CFP) by taking full advantage of potential failure precursors (PFPs), where CFP is directly optimized in terms of the degradation model to improve the prediction performance. The RUL estimations of the degradation model are explicitly derived to facilitate the precursor quality calculation. For CFP formulation, a genetic programming method is applied to integrate the PFPs in a nonlinear way. As a result, a framework that can formulate a superior failure precursor for the given RUL prediction model is elaborated. The proposed method is validated with the power cycling testing results of SiC MOSFETs.
Carbon flows in the benthic food web of the Porcupine Abyssal Plain: The (un)importance of labile detritus in supporting microbial and faunal carbon demands

Carbon flows in the benthic food web of the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (4850 m, northeast Atlantic) were reconstructed using linear inverse modeling based on mass balances of the various compartments, biomass data, carbon flux measurements, physiological constraints, and data from a previously published 13C‐phytodetritus pulse‐chase experiment. Food web compartments consisted of bacteria, Foraminifera, three feeding types of nematodes and of macrofauna, and four feeding types of megafauna. Three lability classes of detritus were defined to clarify especially the possible role of labile detritus in this abyssal plain food web. Total detritus inputs to the food web were 0.56 mmol C m−2 d−1, with only a minor (3.8%) contribution of labile detritus. The dominant pathway in the food web was dissolution of more refractory detritus, uptake by bacteria, and subsequent respiration (0.36 mmol C m−2 d−1, 80% of the community respiration). Lower contributions to community respiration were found for surface‐deposit‐feeding macrobenthos (5.6%), Foraminifera (4.9%), predatory macrobenthos (3.8%), and other deposit‐feeding macrobenthos (3.1%). Contributions by other benthic compartments were < 1%. 13C‐phytodetritus transfer data strongly constrained the carbon source for bacteria, Foraminifera, and the nematode and macrobenthic compartments. Surprisingly, labile detritus contributed < 5% of the total carbon requirements for all these compartments. Carbon sources were much less constrained for the megabenthic compartments because for these compartments no 13C pulse‐chase data were available. The carbon flow model evidently shows a limited role of labile detritus in the food web.
A Dual-Polarization Silicon-Photonic Coherent Transmitter Supporting 552 Gb/s/wavelength

Coherent optical links improve spectral efficiency over their intensity-modulation direct-detect (IM-DD) counterparts using advanced modulation schemes such as quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and by utilizing dual polarization (DP) of light. This increase in spectral efficiency also leads to stringent requirements for the link components. The transmitter (TX) must simultaneously achieve high bandwidth (BW), linearity, output swing, and reliability. In this article, we present a silicon-photonic Mach–Zehnder modulator-based optical TX on an Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) process, and linear, high-swing SiGe drivers on 130-nm BiCMOS process. The output stage of the driver uses a voltage breakdown enhancement technique to ensure the reliability of the TX. A resistor-based capacitor splitting technique is introduced, and aided by other methods such as zero-peaking and degeneration, the targeted gain, BW, swing, and linearity for the driver are realized. The driver achieves a differential swing of 6 V peak-to-peak, a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 3.6%, and more than 40 GHz of electrical BW. Co-designed and co-packaged with the silicon-photonic modulators, the TX achieves 272 Gb/s/wavelength with DP-16 QAM at 6-V peak-to-peak driver swing and exceeds 0.5 Tb/s/wavelength data rates with DP-16 QAM at 2.4-V peak-to-peak driver swing. The low-cost, compact, and all-Si/SiGe design matches the required optical SNR performance of LiNbO3 modulators with III–V drivers at 34 Gbaud.
Effect of Hydrocortisone on Intradialytic Hypotension: A Preliminary Investigational Study

Introduction Approximately 15 to 33% of all dialysis treatments are complicated by intradialytic hypotension (IDH). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the intravenous administration of hydrocortisone prior to HD treatment could prevent IDH or at least decrease the drop in the blood pressure resulting from IDH. Methods This study was approved by our local ethics committee/IRB (2017/87) and by the Jordan Food and Drug Administration (7/clinical/18). Additionally, it is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03465007). In this preliminary investigational study, we screened all chronic hemodialysis patients at our clinic who were 18 years of age or older (n = 82) for IDH. There were 14 patients included in the interventional part of this study; patients were given IV hydrocortisone for 3 consecutive HD sessions, followed or preceded by 3 intervention-free sessions where they were given 5 ml of saline as a placebo. Results The initial total sample size was 82 patients. The frequency of IDH at our clinic was 24.4%. Fourteen out of the 20 patients who were diagnosed with IDH agreed to enroll in the interventional part of our study. The mean age of the patients in the interventional part of our study was 53.5 years (±10.3). These patients included 5 (35.7%) men and 9 (64.3%) women. Upon comparing the number of hypotensive attacks with and without the hydrocortisone administration, we found a significant difference (p = 0.003) between the hydrocortisone and placebo treatments in which 12 (85.7%) patients had fewer IDH episodes with the hydrocortisone treatment than with placebo. Conclusion This preliminary investigational study found that the administration of a stress dose of hydrocortisone prior to hemodialysis could be an effective measure for preventing or minimizing the risk of IDH episodes. Additional prospective studies on this subject are needed. Ruling out adrenal insufficiency in patients diagnosed with IDH is also crucial.
Marital Disruption, Remarriage and Child Well-being in China

Family changes in China are characterized by a dual rise in marital disruption and remarriage. However, the implications of these changes for child well-being remain understudied. I analyze data from the 2015 China Education Panel Survey to profile and explain well-being disparities between children in intact, disrupted, and remarried families. Child well-being is poorer in disrupted than in intact families. Remarriage, particularly of both parents, is associated with further harm to children’s well-being. Mothers’ remarriage is associated with a broader range and greater extent of damage to children’s well-being than that of fathers. Neither social selection nor economic and non-pecuniary resources explain poorer child well-being in disrupted families and stepfamilies than in intact families. Household structure only explains why children in disrupted families, but not in stepfamilies, fare less well than those in intact families. Variations in child well-being with parents’ marital status are consistently explained by poor parent–child relations and parental conflict. Reflecting on the theories of selectivity, resource deprivation, and structural instability, the findings highlight the need to consider China’s distinctive sociocultural and institutional settings in configuring the implications of ongoing family changes for child well-being.
DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY ALLOWS BETULA NANA TO DOMINATE TUNDRA SUBJECTED TO AN ALTERED ENVIRONMENT

We investigated how three co-dominant arctic shrubs (Betula nana, Salix pulchra, and Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens) responded to long-term treatment with N+P fertilizers and greenhouses in a factorial field experiment at Toolik Lake, Alaska. Our goal was to understand the relationship between growth of individuals and species abundance in the community, and the mechanism by which one species achieves dominance under changed environmental conditions. We compared aboveground growth and allocation patterns in individual ramets 15 yr of age with community abundance measured by quadrat harvests. Ramets of all three species substantially increased their stem biomass with fertilization, but the increase was much larger for Betula than for the other two species. In quadrat sampling, only Betula appreciably increased its biomass per unit area with fertilization or greenhouse treatment. For Salix in all treatments, and Ledum in the two fertilizer treatments, ramet density per unit area decreased more than growth of.
Optimizing Attack Schedules Based on Energy Dispatch Over Two-Hop Relay Networks

In this article, the security issue of remote state estimation in cyber-physical systems (CPS) for a two-hop relay network is investigated. As the system performance depends on communication topology and communication environment over each channel, we explore the channel selection problem to maximize the attack effect, from the perspective of the jammer. Furthermore, for an energy-constrained jammer, there exists the optimal strategy to decide the attack number and the dropout rate, since the amount of attack number decreases and the dropout rate increases when the energy launched at each attack time becomes larger. For this consideration, the problem of energy dispatch, aiming to derive the optimal tradeoff between the attack number and the energy launched at each attack time, is studied along with the channel selection problem. We first formulate this problem as a mixed integer programming problem to derive the optimal attack schedule including the channel selection, the attack number, and the corresponding energy dispatch. Then, using the optimality equations based on the Markov decision process allows us to present the characteristics of the optimal energy dispatch policy for a given attack number, and further propose the dynamic energy dispatch algorithm with low complexity to approximate the optimal schedule. Besides, for the constant dispatch (CD) case, the optimum solution in an analytical form for the channel selection problem can be obtained, and we thus present a CD algorithm to acquire the optimal schedule. Last, numerical results are given to validate the theoretical findings and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
What happened next? Exploring the sustainability of a whole-of-school physical activity initiative

ABSTRACT Increasing physical activity (PA) opportunities in schools have emerged as a global priority. The ‘Active School Flag’ (ASF) is an example of an initiative that aims to promote participation in PA in school settings by achieving a physically educated and physically active school community. While there is some evidence of the short-term gains resulting from such initiatives, less is known about the medium and longer-term effects. Insight on the medium-term effects of the ASF can contribute to the literature on whole-of-school PA promotion. The purpose of the study was to determine the medium-term impact of the ASF initiative on whole-of-school PA promotion practices in Irish schools. Semi-structured interviews with lead teachers and/or principals in seven primary schools, who were awarded the ASF status more than two years prior to the interview, were conducted. Perspectives on how award of the ASF had influenced policy and practices related to PA promotion were explored. Specific examples of targeted projects within individual schools were examined with consideration of what aspects were sustained, who was involved and how they had evolved over time. Data were analysed inductively through a constant comparative approach. Results revealed that while some lasting changes were maintained in these schools, many threats to sustainability existed. The results provide insight into the medium-term impact of whole-of-school PA promotion that could be valuable for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers.
Three new species of Lachemilla (Rosaceae) from South America

Abstract Three new species of Lachemilla (Rosaceae), two from Colombia and one from Peru, are described and illustrated. Lachemillarothmaleriana is characterized by its stout stems, sericeous-villous indumentum, and wide ascending sheaths with trilobate lateral lobes. Lachemillaargentea presents a unique combination of tripartite basal leaves with an adaxial silvery villous indumentum, and decumbent branches with verticillate lobed sheaths. Finally, Lachemillacyanea has distinctly basal reniform leaves with a blue-green color and hirsute pubescence. Phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal cistron and multiple regions of the plastid genome revealed the allopolyploid origin of the three new taxa.
Overview of the rust fungi (Uredinales) occurring on Rosaceae in Europe.

The rust fungi (Uredinales) occurring on members of the rose family (Rosaceae) in Europe are described with particular emphasis on their host range and distribution. Rusts have been reported on less than half (46%) of the species of European Rosaceae with some genera being completely rust free. Other genera display a mixture of susceptible and immune species (e.g. Rubus: 56 susceptible / 20 immune; Alchemilla: 30 susceptible / 88 immune). Some rust genera are restricted to a single host species, whereas others parasitise many, mainly closely related hosts. Keys to the rust genera and species are provided, and all 41 rust species are described in detail. An index of host species is appended.
Tubulin dimer formation via the release of α‐ and β‐tubulin monomers from multimolecular complexes

The functional subunit of microtubules is a heterodimer consisting of α- and β-tubulin. An understanding of tubulin dimerization has been hampered because it has not proved possible to purify native tubulin monomers. To study the process whereby tubulin dimers are formed, we made use of tubulins synthesized by in vitro transcription and translation. We present evidence that the in vitro synthesis of different mouse α-tubulin isotypes involves a multimolecular complex. The synthesis of mouse β-tubulin isotypes also involves the formation of multimolecular complexes, though different isotypes behave somewhat differently from one another. The properties of in vitro synthesized α- and β-tubulin multimolecular complexes strongly suggest that they are intermediates in the biosynthesis of tubulin monomers. Upon release, these monomers can exchange with pre-existing tubulin heterodimers. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Proteins Method versus Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Immunochromatography with Monoclonal Antibodies 
in Pediatric Infection with Helicobacter Pylori

The current methods for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in children include invasive (direct) methods, that enable the detection of the bacteria or the bacterial urease in gastric biopsies, or noninvasive (indirect) methods, which consist of researching specific antibodies, antigens and urease in other different samples (serum, saliva, urine, stool, exhaled air). The urease functions in H. pylori infection is to neutralize gastric acid by producing NH3 through the hydrolysis of urea. Monochloramine, a NH3-derived compounds has cytotoxic effects on host cells. The Western Blot method refers to the extraction of a a sodium dodecyl sulphate from a Helicobacter pylori strain followed by a separation of the solubilised protein using discontinous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis according to molecular mass and transfer of the separated proteins to nitrocellulose. The ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique refers to the detection of AntiHelicobacter pylori antibodies type Ig G. We also used an immunochromatographic system with the lateral leakage test strip based on the principle of the sandwich technique with monoclonal antibodies. As a result, more than two types of reactions can be detected on a single assay device by the combination of colloidal gold –labelled antibodies and complementary oligonucleotide-labelled immobilized at different places on a nitrocellulose membrane. Our study aims to assess the performances of the Western Blot method for determining anti-Helicobacter pylori Ig A and Ig G antibodies in correlation with clinical data and other available diagnosis methods. For validation purposes, the results were compared to those obtained using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique, gastric biopsy and immunochromatography.