Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of Meteorological Skill to Selection of WRF‐Chem Physical Parameterizations and Impact on Ozone Prediction During the Lake Michigan Ozone Study (LMOS)

Ozone concentrations in excess of health‐based standards occur along the coastline of Lake Michigan. A complex pattern of ozone precursor emissions interfaces with a complex meteorological environment, presenting a challenge for air quality management and simulation. Precursors are transported into a shallow, stable boundary layer over the lake. This is followed by ozone formation and transport back onshore through a combination of synoptic and lake breeze winds. In this study, we use measurements during the Lake Michigan Ozone Study 2017 (LMOS) to quantitatively evaluate the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF‐Chem) model at 4 km horizontal resolution for key features of high ozone episodes over Southern Lake Michigan, with a focus on meteorological performance. WRF‐Chem showed good performance and successful reproduction of meteorological fields and clouds. Lake breeze model skill was inconsistent, with both good and poor performance depending on site and day. The combination of Noah land surface model and High‐Resolution Rapid Refresh meteorology gave the best performance with the mean bias of −0.5 °C for temperature, −0.6 °C for dewpoint temperature, and −0.3 m/s for wind speed along the western coast of Lake Michigan during the daytime. For ozone, WRF‐Chem was biased low (−4.4 ppb mean bias for daytime ozone) and underestimated hourly peak ozone. In some cases, ozone bias can be attributed to transport and lake breeze errors. Average ozone concentration showed minor (<2 ppb) sensitivity to changes to meteorology initial and boundary conditions or the land surface model.
Accurate and Rapid Auto-Focus Methods Based on Image Quality Assessment for Telescope Observation

Aiming at improving the speed and accuracy of auto-focus for telescope observation, algorithms for image estimation and auto-focus were investigated and are discussed in this article. Based on the image quality assessment, the auto-focusing process of the telescope system is realized by using the mountain-climb search method. Several evaluation functions were tested in different scenarios. It is demonstrated that the Tenengrad image estimation function (IEF) is suitable for an instant and accurate auto-focus process of the telescope. Furthermore, we implemented sampling and dynamic adaptive focusing window (ES-DAFW) methods with the Tenengrad IEF to enhance the sensitivity and accuracy of the auto-focus process. The experimental results showed that our ES-DATW method can provide more accurate results in less time for the auto-focus process compared to the conventional approaches, especially for a sparse image. These results promise significant applications to the auto-focusing of other telescopes with image quality assessment.
Approximation‐based adaptive fault compensation backstepping control of fractional‐order nonlinear systems: An output‐feedback scheme

An observer‐based adaptive fuzzy backstepping approach is proposed for nonlinear systems with respect to fractional‐order differential equations, unmatched uncertainties, unmeasured states, and actuator faults. The approximation capability of fuzzy logic system and minimal learning parameter approaches are applied to identify uncertain functions in a simultaneous manner. For estimating the unavailable conditions, a fuzzy fractional‐order state‐observer is extended. Applying fault‐tolerant approach in a backstepping design methodology would provide a new fault‐tolerant adaptive fuzzy output‐feedback approach for fractional‐order strict‐feedback systems. This control structure would assure the considered system stability through selection of the appropriate Lyapunov candidate function. Two numerical simulations are run to exhibit the validity herein.
SERS-based sensors for bacteria detection

Foodborne illnesses associated with pathogens pose serious threat to human health. Besides the large effort towards the implementation of reliable quality control systems, the available conventional detection methods for pathogens are time consuming and laborious [1]. Nowadays, Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) has been successfully applied for rapid and high selective detection of analytes, even in small concentrations or in the presence of contaminants [1]. However, this analytic technique demands the production of high quality plasmonic substrates [2-8]. In this work, we describe the design, fabrication and structural, optical and morphological characterization of SERS substrates, consisting on Ag nanoparticles deposited onto glass substrates by pulsed laser deposition and ion beam deposition methods [2] as well as Au nanorods and dendrites obtained by template assisted electrodeposition [8]. The SERS performance characterization of the as-processed Ag nanoparticles, Au nanorods and dendrites substrates was done by analysing the Raman and SERS spectra of Ellman’s reagent (DTNB) and antibody Verotoxin as model analytes.
Refugees’ trajectories in Switzerland: Impact of residence permits on labour market integration

Life course trajectories of refugee populations in European countries highly depend on the various statuses and residence permits that are assigned to them. Taking the case study of Switzerland, this article aims at showing the impact of the legal framework on refugees’ chances of labour market integration. The term «refugee» here refers to all the individuals who came to Switzerland seeking asylum, no matter the outcome of the asylum procedure – and not only to those who obtained the status as defined by the 1951 Geneva Convention. In this study, the longitudinal follow‐up of the individuals is made possible by the matching of data from several population registers. From a descriptive point of view, sequence analysis allows the visualization of refugees’ trajectories from their arrival in the country – in terms of both residence permits and of labour market participation. Survival analysis models then show the concordance between the administrative status and the economic status, the access to more stable permits increasing significantly the chances of labour market integration. As a consequence, those who remain for many years with the most precarious permits (asylum seekers and provisionally admitted persons) go through a process of cumulative disadvantage. Although the economic vulnerability of refugees has been highlighted previously, this paper shows that within the refugee population, the host countries’ legislation creates an additional hierarchy, based on the residence permits, that further widens inequalities.
The Effect of Greater Occipital Nerve Block on Chronic Migraine

Background: Greater occipital never block has been shown to be an effective treatment in patients with cluster or tension type headache but there are very few studies investigating its effect in patients with chronic migraine. This study was to determine the effectiveness of greater occipital never block on headache in patients with chronic migraine. We designed an interventional before-after study for patients suffered from chronic migraine. Methods: Patients were participated in this study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Frequency, severity and duration of headaches were recorded by patients 2 weeks before injection and then during 6 weeks after injection. We compared data recorded before injection to data from each two-week after injections to determine the effectiveness of greater occipital never block in improvement of headaches in patients with chronic migraine. Results: Fourteen patients (mean age=34.21±2.75) were included in the study. Number of attacks was significantly decreased during 6 weeks follow up (p<0.05). Mean headache severity was significantly decreased during first and second two-week follow up by 3.04 and 2.39 points, respectively. Duration of headaches was not significantly reduced during follow up. Conclusion: In conclusion, Greater occipital nerve block can improve the status of headache in patients with chronic migraine by decreasing the severity and frequency of headaches. However, it may not be effective in shortening the duration of headaches.
Beyond punishment: the impacts of medical amnesty in a U.S. Residential college context

Abstract Despite its risks, heavy drinking is widespread at universities. Increasingly, colleges are integrating harm-reduction perspectives into traditional punishment/deterrence-based alcohol policy approaches. One such programme is the Medical Amnesty/Good Samaritan (MAGS) policy, which reduces or eliminates punishing consequences for students seeking alcohol-related emergency assistance. But beyond its specific utility of potentially saving lives, there is almost no empirical work to examine how MAGS might affect a college climate. To explore this important issue, we compared a cohort of n = 1006 pre-MAGS students to a cohort of n = 537 post-MAGS students (from the same institution), and also sub-samples of n = 448 pre-MAGS versus n = 195 post-MAGS freshmen. Findings showed fewer adverse events among post-MAGS freshmen. Furthermore, the full cohort of post-MAGS students appeared to have more positive perceptions of campus climate. Other results were mixed, inviting discussion. Nevertheless, the present work serves as a springboard for considering how harm-reduction measures can synthesise with deterrence measures to move youth policy initiatives “beyond punishment. ”
Recent progress on RF orbital angular momentum antennas

Abstract In the last five years or so, there has been a great interest in RF OAM to address the contradiction between the lack of wireless spectrum resources and the continually growing demands of the bandwidth. Recent developments and technological advancements in antenna design, material science, and integrated circuits have enabled miniaturized, multiple modes, tunable in radio frequency (RF) orbital angular momentum (OAM) antenna designs. From conventional methods such as spiral phase plate and reflector antenna to antenna array and metasurface, the working principle and structures are introduced. To improve the performance of RF OAM antennas, several innovative physical concepts have been explored for the designs of RF OAM antenna designs. In this paper, we present an up-to-date survey on the development of RF OAM antenna technologies. Open issues and development trends are explored as a source of inspiration towards the future better outcome of RF OAM antenna designs.
The first complete chloroplast genome of Adiantum nelumboides (Pteridaceae), a rare and endangered fern species

Abstract The complete chloroplast genome of a rare and endangered fern species Adiantum nelumboides was sequenced. The genome has a typical quadripartite structure with a length of 149,956 bp and 42.8% GC content. We annotated totally 131 genes, including 87 protein genes, 36 tRNA, and 8 rRNAs. This work provides crucial information for its phylogenetic and conservation of a critically endangered fern and its value as an ornamental and medicinal plant resource.
Specific Single Chain Antibodies Against A Neuronal Growth Inhibitor Receptor, Nogo Receptor 1: Promising New Antibodies for the Immunotherapy of Multiple Sclerosis

Background: TheNogo-66receptor(NgR1)isamyelininhibitoryneuronalreceptorinMultipleSclerosis(MS)andisacrucialkeyto axonal growth inhibition. The NgR1 inhibition role has been proved by monoclonal antibodies in many researches. Human single chainantibodiesarecomposedof VH-linker-VL. Theyaretinybutpowerfulantibodieswhichhaveremarkableeﬀectsontreatments. Objectives: Producingspeciﬁcsingle-chainantibodiesof humanagainstimmune-dominantepitopeof NgR1andtheevaluationof their reactivity against the epitope is the main goal of this study. Methods: An immunodominant epitope of NgR1 was designed using bioinformatics methods. The peptide was applied to select speciﬁcsinglechainantibodiesusingaphageantibodydisplaylibraryof scFv(singlechainFragmentvariable)andpanningprocess. TheselectedcloneswerePCR(PolymeraseChainReaction)ampliﬁedandDNAﬁngerprinted,torevealthecommonpatterns. Phage ELISA was performed to evaluate the reactivity of the selected scFvs. Results: Two speciﬁc clones with the frequencies of 55% and 45% were detached. Positive ELISA were detected with the corresponding epitope for clones, but for negative controls no positive reaction took place. The corresponding peptide-coated wells for scFv 1 and scFv 2 absorbed 0.81 and 0.62, respectively, which were signiﬁcantly higher than the absorbance of the wells without any peptide, ie, 0.10 and 0.14, respectively. Conclusions: Using monoclonal antibody in the case of targeted therapy against NgR1 prevents Nogo-A, myelin associated glyco-protein,andoligodendrocytefrombindingtoNgr1anddisturbsdemyelination. Resultsdemonstratedtheselectionof twospeciﬁc scFvsagainstNgR1whichreactedwiththeantigensigniﬁcantly. Thesespeciﬁc,smallhumanantibodiescanbeconsideredasblock-ings for Multiple Sclerosis to interfere with the axonal growth inhibition in NgR1-expressing neurons. Further studies should be conducted to ﬁnd the eﬀects of these antibodies in vitro and in vivo.
Factor Investing in the Green Bond Market

This paper extends upon factor investing in the bond market by exploiting seven investment strategies in the green bond market. The considered factors are based on measures of Carry, Value, Momentum and Quality. It is found that the individual factor portfolios, except Value, neither substantially outperform the risk free rate nor exhibit abnormal returns. Moreover, there is evidence that long-only portfolios compare favourably with long-short portfolios in terms of Sharpe ratios. Finally, it is found that diversifying across the individual factor portfolios in a sophisticated way substantially improves Sharpe ratio.
A test of metabarcoding for Early Detection and Rapid Response monitoring for non-native forest pest beetles (Coleoptera)

In response to the threat of introductions of non-native forest insects, the Early Detection and Rapid Response (EDRR) program in Alaska monitors for arrivals of non-native insects, an effort that is limited by the time required to process samples using morphological methods. We compared conventional methods of processing EDRR traps with metabarcoding methods for processing the same samples. We deployed Lindgren funnel traps at three points of entry in Alaska using standard EDRR methods and trap samples were later processed using routine sorting and identification based on morphology. Samples were then processed using High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) metabarcoding methods. In three samples bycatch was included and in three samples non-native species were added. Morophological and HTS methods yielded generally similar results for scolytine and cerambycid beetle assemblages, but HTS provided more species-resolution identifications (46 species) than morphological methods (4 species plus the 3 non-native species known ‡ § | § | ¶ # This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. a priori). None of the non-native species were detected by HTS. Including bycatch did not appear to hinder identifications of scolytine and cerambycid beetles by HTS. From among the bycatch, two Palearctic species adventive to North America, Placusa incompleta Sjöberg, 1934 and Hydrophoria lancifer (Harris, 1780), are newly reported from Alaska. We do not recommend replacing our current morphological monitoring methods with HTS methods because we believe that we would be more likely to detect known non-native pest species using morphology. However, we would use HTS to increase our sample size without greatly increasing time required to process samples. We would also recommend HTS methods for surveillance monitoring where the set of target taxa is not limited to known pest species.
The potential market for sustainable housing under the contingent valuation method. City of Palmira

Sustainable housing is the constructive alternative under discussion in recent decades due to the multiple environmental impacts produced by the construction sector and its state of permanence and acceleration. Policies and standards at the international and national levels quickly encourage the implementation of actions in its favor. The lack of a market and the need to know it justify the research objective hereof of exploring the willingness to pay for sustainable housing through the Contingent Valuation Method applied to the city of Palmira, Colombia. A case of interest, as it is an emerging intermediate city regarding urban growth in the last decade in Colombia. The method designed a survey through the identification and valuation of significant variables for sustainable housing and the parameters of the analysis model and the method, which allow it to identify the potential market for sustainable housing. It is observed that the main variables of analysis in the literature consulted refer to topics such as location in relation to nearby equipment, materials’ properties, technological innovation and reduction in consumption of home public services. The survey shows that the willingness to pay in the city of Palmira is high for the lowest housing prices, and that the people with the highest income are the ones who would invest the most in sustainable housing and that the level of knowledge on the subject is scarce in general.
A New Method for the Accurate Prediction of On-Load Power Factor in Two-Pole Induction Motors Considering Shaft Eddy Currents

An accurate prediction of medium-voltage induction motor (IM) power factor in rated conditions is important in the design stage to verify the machine compliance with specifications according to international testing standards. Laboratory and industrial experiences suggest that significant errors in full-load power factor calculation can result for two-pole IMs in particular, due to the eddy currents induced in the solid-steel shaft at rated slip. Such eddy currents are responsible for rejecting the main flux into rotor laminated yokes causing an increase in their saturation and, hence, in the required magnetizing current with respect to no-load conditions. This article proposes a method to study the phenomenon through a combination of analytical and simplified Finite Element (FE) calculations as a computationally-efficient alternative to conventional FE simulations. The results of the proposed approach are experimentally assessed by comparison with measurements on a set of built and tested medium-voltage two-pole IMs of different sizes, showing very good accuracy and computational performance.
The Impact of Perceived Stress, Happiness, and Religiosity on Political Orientation

The Impact of Perceived Stress, Happiness, and Religiosity on Political Orientation by Bryant Owens Daniels MS, Walden University, 2012 BA, American Military University, 2010 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Social Psychology Walden University February 2020
Current State of Atmospheric Aerosol Thermodynamics and Mass Transfer Modeling: A Review

A useful aerosol model must be able to adequately resolve the chemical complexity and phase state of the wide particle size range arising from the many different secondary aerosol growth processes to assess their environmental and health impacts. Over the past two decades, significant advances in understanding of gas-aerosol partitioning have occurred, particularly with respect to the role of organic compounds, yet aerosol representations have changed little in air quality and climate models since the late 1990s and early 2000s. The gas-aerosol partitioning models which are still commonly used in air quality models are separate inorganics-only thermodynamics and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation based on absorptive partitioning theory with an assumption of well-mixed liquid-like particles that continuously maintain equilibrium with the gas phase. These widely used approaches in air quality models for secondary aerosol composition and growth based on separated inorganic and organic processes are inadequate. This review summarizes some of the important developments during the past two decades in understanding of gas aerosol mass transfer processes. Substantial increases in computer performance in the last decade justify increasing the process detail in aerosol models. Organics play a central role during post-nucleation growth into the accumulation mode and change the hygroscopic properties of sulfate aerosol. At present, combined inorganic-organic aerosol thermodynamics models are too computationally expensive to be used online in 3-D simulations without high levels of aggregation of organics into a small number of functional surrogates. However, there has been progress in simplified modeling of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and distinct chemical regimes within organic-rich and inorganic-rich phases. Additional limitations of commonly used thermodynamics models are related to lack of surface tension data for various aerosol compositions in the small size limit, and lack of a comprehensive representation of surface interaction terms such as disjoining pressure in the Gibbs free energy which become significant in the small size limit and which affect both chemical composition and particle growth. As a result, there are significant errors in modeling of hygroscopic growth and phase transitions for particles in the nucleation and Aitken modes. There is also increasing evidence of reduced bulk diffusivity in viscous organic particles and, therefore, traditional secondary organic aerosol models, which are typically based on the assumption of instantaneous equilibrium gas-particle partitioning and neglect the kinetic effects, are no longer tenable.
Taxonomic contribution on the Andean species of Aegognathus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) with two new species from Colombia and Peru

ABSTRACT The Andes represent one of the most important eco-regions of the world, fostering an enormous number of taxa associated with different altitudinal gradients. In the past two decades, there has been an increase in the description of different groups of insects, as in the case of the Lucanidae whose number of described species significantly rose in countries such as Peru and Bolivia. Aegognathus, a genus described originally from Peru, gained four new species during the last decade. Since then, the genus has not received proper taxonomic treatment, lacking updated information such as the actual distribution of some species, genitalic descriptions, female descriptions and identification keys. This paper aims to offer new taxonomic knowledge for the Andean species of Aegognathus, with a redescription of the type species, A. waterhousei Leuthner, the description of two new species and an identification key for the Andean taxa, as well as, the discussion of some possible implications in future conservation studies related to the distribution data of the studied taxa. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D7A3FB96-F47D-4420-97BB-FFC399649564
Methods for Enhancing Recovery of Heavy Crude Oil

The methods of enhancing recovery of heavy crude oil explore the importance of enhanced oil recovery and how it has grown in recent years due to the increased needs to locate unconventional resources such as heavy oil, shale, and bitumen. Unfortunately, petroleum engineers and managers are not always well-versed in the enhancement methods available when needed or the most economically viable solution to maximize their reservoir’s productivity. Various recovery methods have been explored to extract heavy oil from deep reservoirs or oil spills. This chapter summarizes the details of methods, namely nanoparticle technology, carbon dioxide injection, thermal recovery and chemical injection, which include the methodology as well as the findings.