Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trastuzumab Plus Endocrine Therapy or Chemotherapy as First-line Treatment for Patients with Hormone Receptor–Positive and HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer (SYSUCC-002)

Abstract Purpose: There is no research evidence demonstrate which is the better partner strategy, endocrine therapy or chemotherapy, to combine with anti-HER2 therapy as the first-line management of hormone receptor (HR)-positive (HR+) and HER2-positive (HER2+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We wished to ascertain if trastuzumab plus endocrine therapy is noninferior to trastuzumab plus chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: We conducted an open-label, noninferiority, phase III, randomized, controlled trial (NCT01950182) at nine hospitals in China. Participants, stratified by previous adjuvant endocrine therapy and disease status (recurrent disease vs. de novo metastasis), were assigned randomly (1:1) to receive trastuzumab plus endocrine therapy (per investigator's choice of oestrogen-receptor modulators or aromatase inhibitor, with/without concurrent ovarian suppression) or chemotherapy (per investigator's choice of taxanes, capecitabine, or vinorelbine). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) with a noninferiority upper margin of 1.35 for the HR. The intention-to-treat population was used in primary and safety analyses. Results: A total of 392 patients were enrolled and assigned randomly to receive trastuzumab plus endocrine therapy (ET group, n = 196) or trastuzumab plus chemotherapy (CT group, n = 196). After a median follow-up of 30.2 months [interquartile range (IQR) 15.0–44.7], the median PFS was 19.2 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 16.7–21.7)] in the ET group and 14.8 months (12.8–16.8) in the CT group (hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.71–1.09; Pnoninferiority < 0.0001). A significantly higher prevalence of toxicity was observed in the CT group compared with the ET group. Conclusions: Trastuzumab plus endocrine therapy was noninferior to trastuzumab plus chemotherapy in patients with HR+HER2+ MBC.
Large-Signal Equivalent Circuits of Avalanche Transit-Time Devices

A large-signal analysis for IMPATT diodes is derived, which allows carrier multiplication by impact ionization to occur at every point in the diode. Therefore, the operating characteristics of IMPATT diodes with a wide range of realistic doping profiles can be investigated. For a given operating frequency, RF voltage, dc bias current, and doping profile, the admittance, power output, efficiency, bias voltage of a diode can be obtained. An equivalent circuit the diode package, microwave circuit mount and diode, is obtained experimentally. Using this circuit, the admittance of the diode is measured by a reflection-type circuit and an oscillator circuit as a function of the RF voltage, dc bias current, and frequency.
Delineating the interactions between the cannabinoid CB2 receptor and its regulatory effectors; β‐arrestins and GPCR kinases

The cannabinoid CB2 receptor (CB2) is a promising therapeutic target for modulating inflammation. However, little is known surrounding the mechanisms underpinning CB2 desensitisation and regulation, particularly the role of GPCR kinases (GRKs). Here, we evaluated the role of six GRK isoforms in β‐arrestin recruitment to CB2. Mutagenesis of several distal C‐terminal aspartic acid residues was also performed in an attempt to delineate additional structural elements involved in the regulation of CB2.
Subpicosecond soliton pulse formation from self-mode-locked erbium fibre laser using intensity dependent polarisation rotation

Pulses as short as 765 fs have been generated from an erbium doped, unidirectional, fibre ring laser, mode locked using the effect of intensity dependent polarisation rotation. The output from the laser exhibits all the characteristics of temporal and spectral instability expected from a periodically amplified soliton system when the amplification length is a significant fraction of the soliton period
Signaling Benefits of Partner Choice Decisions

When deciding whom to choose for a cooperative interaction, two features of prospective partners are especially relevant: ability to provide bene ﬁ ts, and willingness to provide those bene ﬁ ts. Often, these traits are correlated. But, when ability and willingness are in con ﬂ ict, people often indicate that they value willingness over ability, even when doing so results in immediate losses. Why would such behavior be favored by natural selection acting at the level of the individual? Across nine experimental studies (seven preregistered) and a mathematical model we explore one way of explaining this costly choice, demonstrating that choosing a willing over an able partner affords one a moral reputation and makes one more likely to be chosen as a cooperation partner. In fact, even people who choose an able over a willing partner for themselves prefer others who choose a willing over an able partner. Crucial to our model, we ﬁ nd that valuing willingness over ability is an honest signal of both higher levels of generosity in an economic game and lower levels of trait Machiavellianism. These ﬁ ndings provide the ﬁ rst extensive exploration of the signaling bene ﬁ ts of partner choice decisions. Furthermore, this work provides one explanation for why we choose those who are willing over those who are able, even at a cost to ourselves: By doing so, we in turn look like good potential partners.
Anemia and Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition typically affecting young, obese women. Although anemia is recognized as a risk factor of IIH from case reports, their relationship remains controversial as several comparative studies showed no significant association. This study aimed to examine the relationship between anemia and IIH. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and grey literature were searched to September 2020. Primary studies on patients with diagnoses of anemia of any kind and IIH were included. Primary outcomes included the total number of cases of anemia and IIH. A meta-analysis on the prevalence of anemia in IIH compared with control patients was conducted. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) was used to rate the quality of evidence. Results: Overall, 62 cases and 5 observational or case–control studies were included. Pooled incidence of anemia in patients with IIH was 195/1,073 (18.2%). Patients with IIH (n = 774) had a significantly higher prevalence of anemia compared with controls (n = 230,981) (RR 1.44 [95% confidence interval 1.08–1.92]). Patients were 67.7% females and had a mean age of 22.4 years. The mean opening pressure was 37.9 cmH2O. Anemia was most commonly caused by iron deficiency (51.6%) and aplastic anemia (19.4%). Most patients (59.7%) showed improvement or resolution with anemia treatment only without intracranial pressure-lowering therapy. Evidence was limited because of high risk of reporting bias from the large number of case reports and case–control studies. Conclusions: Anemia is significantly more common in IIH compared with control patients, and case reports suggest a direct relationship. Complete blood counts should be considered in all patients with papilledema, particularly in atypical presentations (male, nonobese, nonperipapillary retinal hemorrhages, prominent risk factor for anemia) or in treatment-refractory IIH.
Equivalent circuit approach for single electron transistor model for efficient circuit simulation by SPICE

A new compact DC/transient single electron transistor model for circuit simulation by SPICE is introduced. This model includes a newly developed equivalent circuit approach based on the time-dependent master equation and an exact conductance or transconductance model. The simulation speed of this model is improved, compared with that of the previous models.
Optical single sideband signal generation using phase modulation of semiconductor optical amplifier

An optical single sideband (OSSB) generation method using phase modulation in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is proposed to overcome the dispersion-induced carrier suppression problem which limits available fiber frequency range in analog optical link. The OSSB generation was achieved by phase variation in SOA which results /spl pi//2 phase difference between the amplitude and phase terms of modulated optical signal. A 21-dB difference between two sidebands was experimentally observed. From the transmission experiment up to 100 km over single-mode fiber, we confirmed that the generated OSSB signal is good enough to remove the radio frequency signal degradation due to chromatic dispersion.
High flexibility in diet and ranging patterns in two golden monkey (Cercopithecus mitis kandti) populations in Rwanda

Many primates exhibit behavioral flexibility which allows them to adapt to environmental change and different habitat types. The golden monkey (Cercopithecus mitis kandti) is a little‐studied endangered primate subspecies endemic to the Virunga massif and the Gishwati forest in central Africa. In the Virunga massif, golden monkeys are mainly found in the bamboo forest, while in the Gishwati forest they live in mixed tropical montane forest. Here we describe and compare the diet of golden monkeys in both fragments. Over 24 consecutive months from January 2017 we used scan sampling to record feeding and ranging behavior of two Virunga groups and one Gishwati group totaling ca. 240 individuals. We also examined the phenology of bamboo and fruit trees, key seasonal food plant species for the monkeys. Golden monkeys fed on more than 100 plant species. The Virunga groups were mostly folivorous (between 72.8% and 87.16% of the diet) and fed mostly on young bamboo leaves and bamboo shoots, while 48.69% of the diet of the Gishwati group consisted of fruit from 22 different tree and shrub species. Bamboo shoots and fruit are seasonally available foods and were consumed regularly throughout the period when they were available. Despite being the smallest of the three study groups, the Gishwati group had a larger home range area (150.07 ha) compared to both Virunga groups (25.24 and 91.3 ha), likely driven by the differences in availability and distribution of fruit and bamboo in the habitats. Like other blue monkey subspecies, golden monkeys appear to have a flexible dietary strategy enabling them to adjust diet and ranging behavior to local habitats and available food resources. Additional studies and continuing conservation efforts are needed to better understand how variation in feeding and ranging ecology affects reproduction, population growth, and carrying capacity.
Statistical theory of polarization dispersion in single mode fibers

An analytical characterization of polarization dispersion measurements is presented. The authors report the solution of Poole's stochastic dynamical equation for the evolution of the polarization dispersion vector with fiber length. The authors extend this to a more complete description by considering small, second-order dispersion effects through the frequency derivative of the dispersion vector. The complete analytical solution is seen to accord with what were originally empirically derived features of the joint probability distribution of the polarization dispersion vector and its frequency derivatives. Among the analytically determined properties are the Gaussian probability densities of the three components of the dispersion vector, and the hyperbolic secant (soliton shaped) probability densities of the components of the derivative of the dispersion vector. >
Psychological Distress Profiles of Young Adults With Vulnerable Narcissism Traits

Abstract The current study hypothesizes a mediating role for shame in the association between vulnerable narcissism (VN) and depressive and social anxiety symptoms. A sample of 600 undergraduates was administered psychometrically sound self-reports to assess the study variables. Structural Equation Modeling supported the mediating effect of shame in the association between VN and depressive symptoms, irrespective of the way VN was assessed (i.e., Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale [HSNS] or Pathological Narcissism Inventory). Conversely, shame did not mediate the association with social anxiety when VN was assessed through the (HSNS). A direct effect of VN on both depressive and social anxiety symptoms was also detected. The results are discussed in the context of their implications, while also focusing on the different findings that emerged via the measures used to assess VN.
An exploratory text analysis of the autophagy research field

ABSTRACT After its discovery in the 1950 s, the autophagy research field has seen its annual number of publications climb from tens to thousands. The ever-growing number of autophagy publications is a wealth of information but presents a challenge to researchers, especially those new to the field, who are looking for a general overview of the field to, for example, determine current topics of the field or formulate new hypotheses. Here, we employed text mining tools to extract research trends in the autophagy field, including those of genes, terms, and topics. The publication trend of the field can be separated into three phases. The exponential rise in publication number began in the last phase and is most likely spurred by a series of highly cited research papers published in previous phases. The exponential increase in papers has resulted in a larger variety of research topics, with the majority involving those that are directly physiologically relevant, such as disease and modulating autophagy. Our findings provide researchers a summary of the history of the autophagy research field and perhaps hints of what is to come. Abbreviations: 5Y-IF: 5-year impact factor; AIS: article influence score; EM: electron microscopy; HGNC: HUGO gene nomenclature committee; LDA: latent Dirichlet allocation; MeSH: medical subject headings; ncRNA: non-coding RNA
Photosystem II photoinhibition and photoprotection in a lycophyte, Selaginella martensii

Abstract The Lycophyte Selaginella martensii efficiently acclimates to diverse light environments, from deep shade to full sunlight. The plant does not modulate the abundance of the Light Harvesting Complex II, mostly found as a free trimer, and does not alter the maximum capacity of thermal dissipation (NPQ). Nevertheless, the photoprotection is expected to be modulatable upon long‐term light acclimation to preserve the photosystems (PSII, PSI). The effects of long‐term light acclimation on PSII photoprotection were investigated using the chlorophyll fluorometric method known as “photochemical quenching measured in the dark” (qPd). Singularly high‐qPd values at relatively low irradiance suggest a heterogeneous antenna system (PSII antenna uncoupling). The extent of antenna uncoupling largely depends on the light regime, reaching the highest value in sun‐acclimated plants. In parallel, the photoprotective NPQ (pNPQ) increased from deep‐shade to high‐light grown plants. It is proposed that the differences in the long‐term modulation in the photoprotective capacity are proportional to the amount of uncoupled LHCII. In deep‐shade plants, the inconsistency between invariable maximum NPQ and lower pNPQ is attributed to the thermal dissipation occurring in the PSII core.
Dynamic co-ordinated scheduling in the supply chain under a process modernisation

A new dynamic model for co-ordinated scheduling of interlinked processes in a supply chain under a process modernisation is presented. Such a problem is vital in many of the supply chain management domains. This problem is represented as a special case of the scheduling problem with dynamically distributed jobs. The peculiarity of the proposed approach is the dynamic interpretation of scheduling based on a natural dynamic decomposition of the problem and its solution with the help of a modified form of continuous maximum principle blended with combinatorial optimisation. The special properties of the developed model allow using methods of discrete optimisation for the schedule calculation. Optimality and sufficiency conditions as well as structural properties of the model are investigated. Advantages and limitations of the proposed approach are discussed. With the developed approach, an explicit inclusion of a process modernisation in the SC co-ordinated decisions for a wide ranges of possible applications as well as a dynamic model and a tractable algorithm for optimal discrete time scheduling on the basis of continuous maximum principle have been obtained.
Host genotype structures the microbiome of a globally dispersed marine phytoplankton

Significance Microscale interactions between marine phytoplankton and their bacterial microbiomes can influence ecosystem functioning and global biogeochemical cycling through complex exchanges of metabolites and sophisticated ecological processes. Previous investigation of the phytoplankton microbiome has not focused on the role of a host’s underlying genetic background. Through examination of a single phytoplankton species’ microbiome across the global ocean, we found that host genotype strongly influenced microbiome community composition, with associations that potentially persist across generations and ocean basins but assemble rapidly (within days). The long-term association of microbiomes with host genetic background could explain the evolution and maintenance of intricate phytoplankton–bacteria interactions. Phytoplankton support complex bacterial microbiomes that rely on phytoplankton-derived extracellular compounds and perform functions necessary for algal growth. Recent work has revealed sophisticated interactions and exchanges of molecules between specific phytoplankton–bacteria pairs, but the role of host genotype in regulating those interactions is unknown. Here, we show how phytoplankton microbiomes are shaped by intraspecific genetic variation in the host using global environmental isolates of the model phytoplankton host Thalassiosira rotula and a laboratory common garden experiment. A set of 81 environmental T. rotula genotypes from three ocean basins and eight genetically distinct populations did not reveal a core microbiome. While no single bacterial phylotype was shared across all genotypes, we found strong genotypic influence of T. rotula, with microbiomes associating more strongly with host genetic population than with environmental factors. The microbiome association with host genetic population persisted across different ocean basins, suggesting that microbiomes may be associated with host populations for decades. To isolate the impact of host genotype on microbiomes, a common garden experiment using eight genotypes from three distinct host populations again found that host genotype influenced microbial community composition, suggesting that a process we describe as genotypic filtering, analogous to environmental filtering, shapes phytoplankton microbiomes. In both the environmental and laboratory studies, microbiome variation between genotypes suggests that other factors influenced microbiome composition but did not swamp the dominant signal of host genetic background. The long-term association of microbiomes with specific host genotypes reveals a possible mechanism explaining the evolution and maintenance of complex phytoplankton–bacteria chemical exchanges.
Effective competency-based medical education requires learning environments that promote a mastery goal orientation: A narrative review

Abstract Purpose Competency-based medical education (CBME) emphasizes the need for learners to be central to their own learning and to take an active role in learning. This approach has a dual aim: to encourage learners to actively engage in their own learning, and to push learners to develop learning strategies that will prepare them for lifelong learning. This review paper proposes a theoretical bridge between CBME and lifelong learning and puts forth the argument that in order for CBME programs to produce the physicians truly needed in our society now and in the future, learning environments must be intentionally designed to foster mastery goal orientations and to support the development of adaptive self-regulated learning skills and behaviours. Materials and methods This narrative literature review incorporated results of searches conducted by a subject librarian in PsycInfo and MedLine. Articles were also identified through reference lists of identified papers to capture older key citations. Analysis of the literature used a constructivist epistemological approach to develop an integrative description of the interaction of achievement goal orientation, self-regulated learning, learning environment, and lifelong learning. Results Findings from achievement goal theory research support the assumption that adoption of a mastery goal orientation facilitates the use of adaptive learning behaviours, such as those described in self-regulated learning theory. Adaptive self-regulated learning strategies, in turn, facilitate effective lifelong learning. The authors offer evidence for how learning environments influence goal orientations and self-regulated learning, and propose that CBME programs intentionally plan for such learning environments. Finally, the authors offer specific suggestions and examples for how learning environments can be designed or adjusted to support adoption of a mastery goal orientation and use of self-regulated learning behaviours and strategies to help support development of adaptive lifelong learners.
Views of Greenery and Psychological Well-Being in Residential Aged Care Facilities: Longitudinal Associations

Objectives: This study examined associations of objectively measured views of greenery in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) with changes in multiple psychological well-being measures among residents who were newly admitted to RACFs. Methods: Data were collected from 52 residents (mean age: 84, 73% women) of 13 RACFs, located in Melbourne, Australia. The outcomes were changes in depression, stress, anxiety, and quality of life (QoL) between baseline and 8-week follow-up. The exposure measures were the amount and presence of greenery visible from participant’s bedroom and common areas (lounge, dining). Greenery was categorized as being either within or beyond the RACF perimeter. Results: Regression analyses found that greenery visible from participant’s bedroom was not associated with any outcomes. The amount of greenery visible from common areas within the RACF perimeter was adversely related to stress, unexpectedly: Each additional 1 m2 of greenery was associated with a greater increase in stress (b = 0.05; 95% CI [0.07, 0.94]). However, greenery visible from common areas beyond the perimeter contributed favorably to stress and QoL. The presence of such greenery was associated with a lower increase in stress (b = −3.99; 95% CI [−7.75, −0.23]; reference: no greenery), and a 1 m2 increment was associated with a greater increase in QoL (b = 0.07; 95% CI [0.02, 0.11]). Conclusion: Views of greenery outside of the RACF from lounge and dining areas may be protective against residents’ stress increase and improve their QoL. Locating residents in areas with such outdoor views may prevent their psychological condition from worsening.