Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Limits on the precision of geobarometry at low grossular and anorthite content

Abstract In many cases the grossular content of garnet and/or the anorthite content of the plagioclase used in thermobarometry are very low, leading to a large pressure uncertainty. The dependence of this uncertainty on mole fractions of grossular and anorthite is evaluated by propagating uncertainties in composition and activity terms into the GASP geobarometer for a series of hypothetical rocks equilibrated at 550 °C and 6 kbar. Results are ± 0.65 kbar (1 standard deviation) at high mole fractions (Xgrs = 0.15, Xan = 0.98), increasing to ± 1.55 kbar at low mole fractions (Xgrs = 0.03, Xan = 0.133. Specific results vary depending on errors chosen, P-T conditions, thermodynamic database, and activity models used, but an overall trend of increasing uncertainty with decreasing mole fraction is robust. These theoretical conclusions are supported by a data set of 42 amphibolite facies metapelitic samples for which pressure and temperature were determined with and without grossular-anorthite-bearing equilibria. If grossular and anorthite mole fractions are large the difference in P determination is low (< 0.5 kbar), but if these mole fractions are < 0.10 and 0.30, respectively, the difference in P determination is variable and can be high (> 3 kbar). A general guideline is that if the product of grossular and anorthite mole fraction is < 0.05, then grossular-anorthite-bearing equilibria should be used only with great caution.
The role of institutions in the development process of African countries

This paper examines the role of institutions in the development process of African countries. It has been shown that, whereas institutions have played a greater role in the economic development of several East Asian countries, in Africa they are weaker and ineffective because of poor enforcement of the rule of law, corruption, mismanagement, absence of strong civil society and political interference. It is argued that well‐functioning institutions can promote growth and reduce poverty in Africa by providing a conducive environment for implementation and sustainable development programmes. Therefore, African countries should endeavor to establish effective, responsive and democratic institutions that will promote accountable and transparent governance and sustainable socioeconomic development.
X-RAY DIFFRACTION CHARACTERIZATION OF RESIDUAL STRESSES PRODUCED BY SHOT PEENING

A brief overview of the theory and practice of x-ray diffraction residual stress measurement as applied to shot peened materials is presented. The unique ability of x-ray diffraction methods to determine both the macroscopic residual stress and the depth and magnitude of the cold worked layer produced by shot peening is described. The need to obtain a complete description of the subsurface residual stress distribution, in order to accurately characterize the residual stress distributions produced by shot peening, is emphasized. Non-destructive surface residual stress measurements are shown to generally be inadequate to reliably characterize the residual stresses produced by shot peening. Practical applications of x-ray diffraction methods for quality control testing are considered. Examples are presented for steel and nickel base alloys.
Building Machine Learning Based Senti-word Lexicon for Sentiment Analysis

Sentiment analysis involves classifying opinions in text into categories like "positive" or "negative". One of approaches used to make sentiment classification is using sentiment lexicon. This paper aims to build a sentiment lexicon which is domain independent. We propose a Machine Learning Based Senti-word Lexicon (MLBSL) based on the Amazon data set which contains reviews from different domains. Our proposed MLBSL yields an improvement over previous published manual and automatic-built lexicons like SentiWordNet. We also provide an improvement in calculation method used in reviews sentiment analysis.
Determinants of consumer attitude toward corporate sponsors: A comparison between a profit and nonprofit sport event sponsorship

The purposes of the present study were to identify key attributes of sponsors that positively influence consumers' attitude formation and to examine the moderator role of sport event types (nonprofit vs. profit). Based on the theories of range and selective attention, we hypothesized that consumers weigh differently on particular sponsorship attributes depending on event type (i.e., profit vs. nonprofit) in constructing their attitude. The study utilized multi-group structural equation modeling on data collected by questionnaire survey from a total of 505 spectators of college sport event (n = 303) and FIFA World Cup (n = 202). Results of structural equation modeling test indicate that prominence of sponsors is an important predictor of consumer attitude in both events, while sincerity of sponsors was found to be important in local and amateur college sport event sponsorship. From a theoretical perspective, the current study sheds light on sponsorship study, particularly the importance of examining sponsor characteristics in predicting consumer attitude and the event type as a moderating variable. A key practical implication is that sport managers should carefully examine consumers' perceptions toward sponsor characteristics in making their event sponsorship decisions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated Barrier Control Car Parking System

Automated barrier control car parking system is employed in parking-lot to resolve the growing parking problems, in developing countries. The car parking system is being proposed and designed for developing an intelligent automated and cheap car parking system which greatly reduces manpower, fuel consumption of the vehicle and road problems. Car parking is the major issue of this era in developing countries. With the growing vehicle population the need of efficient car parking system is required. In this proposed model, IR (infra-red) sensors are used in parking-lot which detects and monitors the arrival of the car and controls the occupation of the parking-lot. The LCD (liquid crystal display) is also deployed in the system, which shows the current car count in the parking-lot thus maintains the parking space. The system designed is able to detect a car and open the barrier, only, when the car parking is not full. The proposed system is cheap and easily implementable.
Cadmium treatment effects on the growth and antioxidant system in barley plants under optimal and low temperatures

The cadmium effect (100 μM) on the barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) growth, the content of HvCu/ZnSOD , HvCAT2 and HvPRX07 transcripts and the antioxidant enzymes activity (SOD, CAT and PRX) in roots and leaves of seedlings under optimal (22 °C) and low (4 °C) temperatures were studied. Exposure to cadmium at 22 °C did not inhibit the plants’ growth. In this case, the rate of the oxidative processes in the cells remained at the control level. This was achieved by a corresponding increase of the gene transcripts and the antioxidant enzymes activity in roots and leaves. In contrast, exposure to cadmium at 4 °C inhibited the seedlings’ growth despite of the lower metal content in the plants. Moreover the rate of lipid peroxidation in the roots and leaves increased significantly. It is assumed that this effect was connected with the accumulation of excess amounts of hydrogen peroxide due to a misbalance between its generation and neutralization. This assumption is confirmed by the obtained data, according to which the level of HvCu/ZnSOD expression and the total activity of SOD increased significantly under exposure to cadmium at 4 °C, although HvCAT2 and HvPRX07 transcripts and CAT and PXR activity did not rise.
A Method for Chinese Noun Phrase Recognition Base on Word Co-Occurrence Directed Graph

This paper proposes a recognition method for Chinese Noun Phrase based on word co-occurrence directed graph. An input document is firstly scanned in which noun word string is retrieved. Atomic word table and word co-occurrence directed graph is then generated according to the word strings. A search is performed on the graph to find the longest paths with priority weight satisfying certain criteria. The word strings corresponding to the paths are considered as noun phrases. As dimensionality reduction is applied, the scale of the word co-occurrence directed graph is reduced significantly, and thus the efficiency of the algorithm is improved. Experimental results demonstrate that the precision of noun phrase recognition reaches 95.4%.
The Growth of Lactobacillus fermentum Isolated from Quail Intestine on Rice Bran Medium

The objective of this study was to investigate the growth of Lactobacillus fermentum isolated from the intestine of Japanese quail ( Coturnix japonica ) on medium variation of rice bran meal. The influence of this medium preparation on the cell number and produce of lactic acid of L.fermentum was evaluated every six hour in 36-hour incubation. A randomized block design was used to assign three variation of rice bran medium (6, 9 and 12) %. The result showed that the higest cell number was in 9 % rice bran medium at pH 4.7 at 12 th hour was 5.2 x 10 10 CFU/ml and the highest lactic acid concentrations were 0.57 %. The fastest speed of growth in 9 % rice bran medium was 0.92 generation/hour and generation time 45 minutes. In conclusion, the optimum growth of L.fermentum was in 9 % rice bran medium at 12 th hour. Keywords: Lactobacillus fermentum, growth, quail, rice bran.
Exploration of knowledge sharing challenges in value networks: a case study in the Finnish grocery industry

Business activities are increasingly organized through networks. This article considers the value network of the Finnish grocery industry, a network where the web of relationships between two or more companies creates tangible and intangible value through the complex and dynamic exchanges. In value networks the relationships between the participants of the network tend to be more complex than the traditional make-buy-relationships, as companies create value together through different types of relationships such as deep buyer-supplier-relationships or strategic partnerships. This variance in the nature and level of collaborative relationships poses new challenges to knowledge sharing. Complementing previous research on the challenges to knowledge sharing in other network settings, this article explores the knowledge sharing challenges specific to value networks based on a qualitative case study about the value network of the Finnish grocery industry. The data consists of 32 thematic interviews of top and upper management representatives from 16 companies in the value network. The results show that the current collaborative relationships in the Finnish grocery industry are functional and working, but mostly just traditional “arms-length” buyer-supplier-relationships. However, the challenges to knowledge sharing seem to be somewhat different to those present in other network settings. The challenges to knowledge sharing in value networks do not seem to concern so much the opportunities for knowledge sharing, but the motivational and cultural factors affecting what knowledge is shared and how much knowledge is shared. Based on these results, the knowledge sharing challenges of the value network can be crystallized under three points. First, the focus of knowledge sharing has been on information, and the organizational arrangements do not encourage the sharing of valuable know-how. Second, the organizational cultures and top management directives do not encourage external knowledge sharing, and therefore knowledge is not shared. And third, the experiences of past abuses of trust and the retail groups renewed focus on price bargaining undermine the trust between the companies, thus inhibiting knowledge sharing.
Firm heterogeneity in modelling foreign direct investment location decisions

This article investigates the probability of the FDI location decisions of multinational enterprises using a mixed logit panel data model, which is the most flexible discrete choice model. We employ a three-level data set, which includes over 1100 FDI location decisions into 13 alternative Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) over an 11-year period. Our empirical results on the effect of host country, industry and firm characteristics on the probability of undertaking FDI in a particular location are significant and consistent with the predictions of our theoretical model.
A Slack-Based Measures within Group Common Benchmarking using DEA for Improving the Efficiency Performance of Departments in Universitas Malikussaleh

Measurement of the efficiency of the university performance. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a data-based performance evaluation method used when multiple inputs and outputs are represented in the Decision-Making Unit (DMU) set. In DEA, when there is a value of Non-Zero Input and Output Slacks then this often means inefficiency. This scalar measure directly with the input of surplus and the output of the short decision of the decision-making unit (DMU). DEA Structure usually apply in general settings, actually DMUs can fall into distinct groups whose members experience similar circumstances. The targets of the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia (KEMENRISTEKDIKTI), one of which is the measurement of the efficiency based on the number of lecturers’ research, the efficient use of resources. This study will group each department at the Universitas Malikussaleh using the Group Common Benchmarking approach and then provide suggestions for improvements to each group by using Slack-Based Measures.
Is Board Size an Independent Corporate Governance Mechanism?

Using a simultaneous equations framework with a comprehensive set of publicly listed Swiss companies, our findings suggest that the size of the board of directors is an independent corporate governance mechanism. This implies that any potential relationship between board size and firm valuation is indeed causal. However, in contrast to previous studies, we do not uncover a significant relationship between board size and firm valuation, which can be interpreted as support for the hypothesis of the existence of an optimal board size. On average, firms choose the number of board members just optimally. This indicates that cross-sectional variations in board size to a large extent reflect differences in firms' underlying environment, and not mistaken choices.
Fluorinated Graphene Dielectric and Functional Layers for Electronic Applications

Future electronics technology is expected to develop from rigid to flexible devices. This process requires breakthroughs in material properties, especially flexibility, in combination with desirable electrical insulating, semiconducting, or metallic properties. Graphene, being one of the recently developed two-dimensional (2D) materials, presents great promise as an active layer in a wide spectrum of electronics devices and, first of all, in field-effect transistors (FET). The development of optimized dielectrics for the graphene active layer is critical for graphene applications. The carrier transport in graphene films takes place at interfaces with dielectric or semiconductor substrates; therefore, the quality of such interface and the interaction of graphene films with nearby dielectric layers (charge carrier scattering) determine the device performance. Generally, the development of dielectric materials aiming at high performance device operation, proper mechanical properties, and low-temperature fabrication is not progressing well since the graphene thin film is very sensitive to surface conditions of dielectric layers. Solving the problem with dielectric layers in the case of nonorganic printed and flexible electronics is especially acute. As it is demonstrated in the present chapter, dielectric layers fabricated from fluorinated graphene suspension or in its combination with graphene oxide are the most promising for graphene-based flexible, printed, and transparent electronics.
Fire‐mediated niche‐separation between two sympatric small mammal species

Fire is a key ecological process influencing the population dynamics of small mammals. Whilst shifting competitive advantage amongst small mammal species following a single fire event is well-documented, there has been little investigation of the potential influence of fire frequency on small mammal interspecific interactions. In this study, we investigated the effect of fire frequency on the abundance of two small dasyurid mammals, Antechinus stuartii and A. flavipes, which occur sympatrically in some parts of their range. The two antechinus species are known to have different habitat preferences, so it is possible that fire regimes may promote their coexistence in areas of sympatry by altering vegetation structure. To investigate this possibility, we estimated the abundance of both species using replicate sites which differed in the number of times burnt (1–4) during the last four decades, but with identical time-since-fire. Proportionally, we captured greater numbers of A. stuartii in less frequently burnt sites and greater numbers of A. flavipes in more-frequently burnt sites. Hence, fire may mediate niche-separation between these two species. To clarify further this pattern of response to fire frequency, we investigated which structural habitat variables differed between fire frequencies, and compared antechinus abundances with structural vegetation characteristics. We found a trend for lower ground cover density under higher fire frequencies. This offers one potential explanation of the patterns of abundance that we observed. Our study provided insights into the complexities of small mammal responses to fire, and strongly suggests that fire could mediate competitive interactions between species.
Understanding a Two-Sided Coin: Antecedents and Consequences of a Decomposed Product Advantage

This article investigates the antecedents and consequences of two product advantage components: product meaningfulness and product superiority. Product meaningfulness concerns the benefits that users receive from buying and using a new product, whereas product superiority concerns the extent to which a new product outperforms competing products. The authors argue that scholars and managers should make a deliberate distinction between the two components because they are theoretically distinct and also have different antecedents and consequences. The authors collected data through an online survey on 141 new products from high-tech companies located in the Netherlands. The results reveal that new products need to be meaningful as well as superior to competing products in order to be successful. This finding is consistent with the prevailing aggregate view on product advantage in the literature. However, the results also show that the effects of the two components on new product performance are moderated by market turbulence. Although each component is important in that it forms a necessary precondition for the other to affect new product performance under circumstances of moderate market turbulence, meaningfulness is most important for new product performance in turbulent markets where preferences have not yet taken shape. In contrast, when markets become more stable, the uniqueness of meaningful attributes decreases and new products that provide advantage by fulfilling their functions in a way that is superior to competing products are more likely to perform well. In addition, the study shows that the firm’s customer and competitor knowledge processes independently lead to product meaningfulness and superiority, respectively. The findings also reveal that under conditions of high technological turbulence, the customer and competitor knowledge processes complement each other in creating product meaningfulness and superiority. This implies that the level of technological turbulence puts requirements upon the breadth of firms’ market knowledge processes in order to create a new product with sufficient advantage to become successful. The authors conclude that neglecting the distinction between product meaningfulness and superiority when assessing a new product’s advantage may lead to an incomplete insight on how firms can improve the performance of their new products.
Title Introduction to a diagnostic approach for point processes based on weighted second-order statistics

A new diagnostic method for point processes is here presented. It is based on their second-order analysis, transforming the original point process by the inverse of its conditional intensity function in order to form a generalized estimate of various second-order point process properties. The result is generalized versions of the spectral density,R/Sstatistic, correlation integral and K-function, which can be used to test the fit of complex point process models with arbitrary conditional intensity model, rather than a stationary Poisson model.
Design of Smart Node and Routing Protocol Management in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks are interconnected by a large number of wireless sensor nodes, which are the extension of the sensor to the miniaturization, intelligence and wireless communication. This paper first analyzes the routing protocol of wireless sensor network, and discusses the data collection node management system based on wireless sensor. Then, this paper demonstrates the design and implementation of wireless sensor network from multiple applications. The experiments prove that the design method is effective.
Cross-Layer Design to Solve Cooperation Problem in Ad Hoc Network

A wireless ad hoc network is a self-configuring infrastructurelessh network of mobile devices connected by wireless. In order to support the basal networking functions like routing and packet forwarding, the nodes in wireless ad hoc network should be cooperate with each other due to the limited range of wireless transmission. However, nodes are unwilling to relay packets for others considering the poor energy and bandwidth especially in the open community environment. Some approaches to stimulate nodes cooperation have been introduced recently. In this paper, we provide a novel method based on cross-layer design to solve the cooperation issues both in Mac and network layer. The method with the help of reputation mechanism and utility function based on game theoretical approach can promote nodes to cooperate and make the whole network to reach Nash equilibrium.
A random regression model in analysis of litter size in pigs

Dispersion parameters for number of piglets born alive (NBA) were estimated using a random regression model (RRM). Two data sets of litter records from the Nemscak farm in Slovenia were used for analyses. The first dataset (DS1) included records from the first to the sixth parity. The second dataset (DS2) was extended to the tenth parity. Four sow genotypes were included: Swedish Landrace (SL), Large White (LW) and their crossbred lines. The fixed part of the model included sow genotype, mating season (as month-year interaction), parity and weaning to conception interval as class effects. The age at farrowing was modelled as a quadratic regression, nested within parity. The previous lactation length was fitted as a linear regression. Random regressions for parity on Legendre polynomials were included for direct additive genetic, permanent environmental and common litter environmental effects. Orthogonal Legendre polynomials from the linear to the cubic power were fitted. Estimates of heritability ranged from 0.09 to 0.14. The ratio of permanent environmental variance to total variance increased along the trajectory from 0.05 to 0.16. Magnitudes of common litter effect were generally small (0.01 to 0.02). The eigenvalues of covariance functions showed that between 10 and 15% of genetic variability was explained by the individual genetic curve of sows in the DS2. This proportion was mainly covered by linear and quadratic coefficients. Results suggest that RRM could be used for genetic analysis of litter size.