Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in soil phosphorus availability and associated microbial properties after chicken farming in Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) forest ecosystems

Bamboo‐chicken farming (BCF) is a popular bamboo complex management model in Southeast Asia. However, the effects of BCF on phosphorus (P) availability and associated soil microbial communities remain poorly understood. In this study, we compared the soil properties, P fractions, phosphatase activities, and bacterial community compositions in the surface soil (0–20 cm) of a typical BCF system under different grazing densities [represented as distances of 5, 15, 25, 35, and > 60 m (control site) from the henhouse, respectively]. We observed that total P (Pt) accumulation was more rapid than that of SOC and TN with increasing grazing density. Labile and moderately labile P dominated soil P accumulation under BCF. Resin‐Pi, NaHCO3‐Pi, and 1 M HCl‐Pi increased by 100–233%, 83–183%, and 414–1,314%, respectively, compared with the control. The ratio of labile and moderately labile organic P to the Pt content decreased significantly with increasing grazing density from 38.54% (control) to 17.65% (5 m site). Soil phosphatase activity increased with increasing grazing density, suggesting that BCF effectively promoted the mineralization of soil Po. Inorganic P (Resin‐Pi, NaHCO3‐Pi, and 1 M HCl‐Pi) was positively correlated with Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Arthrobacter but negatively correlated with Burkholderia; this highlights the different functional bacteria involved in P cycling. We conclude that BCF generally increased soil P availability and supply capacity, and the changes in P forms were closely related to changes in soil bacterial community composition. The highly labile P and low C : P ratio under high grazing density conditions may cause soil nutrient imbalance and P leaching.
Determination and nutrition evaluation of nine mineral elements in atlantic salmon muscle

The concentrations of nine mineral elements in Atlantic salmon muscle were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry(FAAS) after microwave digestion pretreatment.The three-gradient heating digestion was established,also the working conditions of microwave digestion and FAAS were optimized.The contents of Ca,Fe,Mn,Zn,Mg,Cu,Cr,Cd,Pb were 292.6,1.8,1.6,2.9,149.2,0.005 3,0.004 4,0.003 7 and 0.011 5 μg/g,respectively.The results showed that muscle of Atlantic salmon contains was abundant of mineral elements which were justly proportioned.The nutritive value of Atlantic salmon muscle was high with much more lower contents of Cd,Pb,Cr,Cu than the demand of GB.
Sex related difference in cardiac output during neonatal transition in term neonates.

Background The immediate transition from foetus to neonate includes substantial changes especially concerning the cardiovascular system. As sex related differences have been shown in cardiovascular medicine, this topic warrants further investigation in neonatology. Aim: The aim of this present study was to measure cardiac output (CO) and cerebral oxygenation (cTOI) non-invasively in term neonates and to investigate potential sex related differences between female and male neonates after birth. Methods This is a mono-centric prospective observational study. For CO-measurements, the electrical velocimetry method was used. The pulse oximetry for arterial oxygen saturation and heart-rate measurements was placed on the right hand or wrist. cTOI was measured using a NIRO 200NX monitor. The near-infrared spectroscopy probe was positioned on the right side of forehead in each infant. Monitoring started at minute 1 and was continued until minute 15 after birth. At minutes 5, 10, and 15 after birth, CO was calculated as an average out of six 10-second periods. Results 99 term neonates were enrolled. In our study population, we could identify 54 female and 45 male neonates. Males had higher cardiac output compared to females throughout the observational period, with a significant difference in minute 15 after birth (217, 95% CI: 203-231 mL/kg/min versus 178, 95% CI: 163-192 mL/kg/min; P<0.001). cTOI, SpO2, and HR did not differ between male and female neonates. Conclusions The present work is the first to investigate sex related differences concerning cardiac output in term neonates during postnatal transition, showing a significantly higher cardiac output in male neonates 15 minutes after birth.
How much does satisfaction affect tourism expenditure during and post recessions?

ABSTRACT This study concentrates on the relationship between tourism spending and satisfaction during crisis time, investigating the effect of satisfaction on different quantiles of the tourism expenditure distribution for Italian tourists traveling abroad during the period 2007–2017. Our analysis enriches the understanding of what determines heterogeneity in tourist spending behaviour, information which is significant for policymakers and destination managers. To obtain consistent estimates for the effect of satisfaction, we use an instrumental quantile approach, controlling for the presence of endogeneity. Results highlight a non-linear and significant effect of satisfaction on tourists spending, evidencing relevant differences in the impact of satisfaction across different recession periods. Moreover, we extend the analysis considering different expenditure categories and satisfaction domains.
A cost–based analysis for risk–averse explore–then–commit finite–time bandits

Abstract In this article, a multi–armed bandit problem is studied in an explore–then–commit setting where the cost of pulling an arm in the experimentation (exploration) phase may not be negligible. Identifying the best arm after a pure experimentation phase to exploit it once or for a given finite number of times is the goal of the problem. Applications of this are prevalent in personalized health-care and financial investments where the frequency of exploitation is limited. In this setting, we observe that pulling the arm with the highest expected reward is not necessarily the most desirable objective for exploitation. Alternatively, we advocate the idea of risk aversion, where the objective is to compete against the arm with the best risk–return trade–off. Additionally, a trade–off between cost and regret should be considered in the case where pulling arms in the exploration phase incurs a cost. In the case that the exploration cost is not considered, we propose a class of hyper–parameter–free risk–averse algorithms, called OTE/FTE–MAB (One/Finite–Time Exploitation Multi–Armed Bandit), whose objectives are to select the arm that is most probable to reward the most in a single or finite–time exploitations. To analyze these algorithms, we define a new notion of finite–time exploitation regret for our setting of interest. We provide an upper bound of order ln for the minimum number of experiments that should be done to guarantee upper bound er for regret. As compared with existing risk–averse bandit algorithms, our algorithms do not rely on hyper–parameters, resulting in a more robust behavior in practice. In the case that pulling an arm in the exploration phase has a cost, we propose the c–OTE–MAB algorithm for two–armed bandits that addresses the cost–regret trade–off, corresponding to exploration–exploitation trade–off, by minimizing a linear combination of cost and regret that is called cost– regret function, using a hyper–parameter. This algorithm determines an estimation of the optimal number of explorations whose cost–regret value approaches the minimum value of the cost–regret function at the rate with an associated confidence level, where ne is the number of explorations of each arm.
Non-Local Feature Search Network for Building and Road Segmentation of Remote Sensing Image

Building and road extraction from remote sensing images is of great significance to urban planning. At present, most of building and road extraction models adopt deep learning semantic segmentation method. However, the existing semantic segmentation methods did not pay enough attention to the feature information between hidden layers, which led to the neglect of the category of context pixels in pixel classification, resulting in these two problems of large-scale misjudgment of buildings and disconnection of road extraction. In order to solve these problem, this paper proposes a Non-Local Feature Search Network (NFSNet) that can improve the segmentation accuracy of remote sensing images of buildings and roads, and to help achieve accurate urban planning. By strengthening the exploration of hidden layer feature information, it can effectively reduce the large area misclassification of buildings and road disconnection in the process of segmentation. Firstly, a Self-Attention Feature Transfer (SAFT) module is proposed, which searches the importance of hidden layer on channel dimension, it can obtain the correlation between channels. Secondly, the Global Feature Refinement (GFR) module is introduced to integrate the features extracted from the backbone network and SAFT module, it enhances the semantic information of the feature map and obtains more detailed segmentation output. The comparative experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods, and the model complexity is the lowest.
Co-pollination, constancy, and efficiency over time: small beetles and the reproductive success of Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) in the Colombian Orinoquia

ABSTRACT Acrocomia aculeata is under accelerated domestication due to the high yield and quality of the oils obtained from the fruits. Key details about its reproduction and fruit production, notably its dependence on cross-pollination, have not been thoroughly assessed. In the course of three successive reproductive seasons, we investigated the phenology, floral biology, pollination ecology, and reproductive efficiency of a natural population of A. aculeata in the department of Casanare, Colombian Orinoquia. We determined the effective pollinators among floral visitors based on their abundance, pollen carrying capacity, and constancy in association with receptive female-phase inflorescences. The studied population of A. aculeata exhibited a seasonal reproductive cycle, producing inflorescences during the drier months of December to April (peaking in March) and mature fruits from October to March. Each individual produces six to ten protogynous inflorescences, with a female phase that lasts ca. 12 h and a male phase extending for four to five days. A total of 48 insect species were observed in association with A. aculeata, averaging over 3500 visitors per anthetic female-phase inflorescence. Flower weevils (Andranthobius spp.; Derelomini) and small sap beetles (Mystrops sp.; Mystropini) were the most abundant visiting species and main pollinators, accounting for 90–95% of effective pollination services. Their high efficiency as pollen vectors was evident, as fructification rates reached on average 65.5% during the three years of study. Our findings support the assumption that co-pollination in A. aculeata evolved as a specialized strategy to maintain a high and temporally stable reproductive efficiency over time.
Does Financial Development Really Matter for Poverty Reduction in Africa?

Abstract This paper revisits the financial development–poverty nexus. The study builds a robust measure of financial development that captures the state of financial development in Africa. We adopt the measure for examining the relationship between 1996 and 2015. Our results agree with a priori expectation. Overall, we find a reducing effect of financial development on absolute poverty but this does not affect relative poverty. Private credit has a poverty-reducing effect; however, total financial development and financial inclusion do not affect poverty in African countries. Also, stability and efficiency increase poverty levels. Considering the low level of financial inclusion in the continent, it is likely that financial development will reduce poverty in the continent if the poor can access credits. Our results should be interpreted with caution, the commercial banking model may not adequately address poverty in Africa. Hence, much should not be expected in policy circles from financial development for poverty reduction in the present state of financial development in Africa.
The snowflake‐like structured NiO‐Cu2O@Fe/Ru catalyst for hydrogen fuel production

The hydrogen production researches as an alternative for fossil fuels, significantly increase in recent years. To obtain pure hydrogen, researches are focused on the electrolysis of water. One of the most important parts of these studies is to develop cathode material. In this study, electrodes are prepared by rolling slurry contained copper (I) oxide (Cu2O) and nickel (II) oxide (NiO) on a graphite support material. Then, iron (Fe) is electrochemically deposited on the prepared electrode. Finally, ruthenium (Ru) is doped electrochemically. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and linear sweep voltammetry techniques are taken for each electrode. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction analyses are performed for surface characterization. SEM pictogram shows the snowflake‐like structure for the best catalyst. It is found that the best molar ratio for Cu2O‐NiO is 2:1, the best deposition times are 10 minutes and 30 seconds for Fe and Ru, respectively.
Experimental evidence of strong relationships between soil microbial communities and plant germination

Plant‐associated microbes play essential roles in nutrient uptake and plant productivity, but their role in driving plant germination, a critical stage in the plant life cycle, is still poorly understood. We used data from a large‐scale, field‐based soil seed bank study to examine the relationship among plants germinating from the seed bank and soil microbial community composition. We combined this with an experiment using 34 laboratory‐based microcosms whereby sterile soil was inoculated with microbes from different field sites to examine how microbes affect the germination of nine plant species. The community composition of plants in the soil seed bank was highly and significantly associated with bacterial and fungal community composition, with stronger correlations for soil beneath plant canopies. Microbes predicted a unique portion of the variation in the community composition of germinants after accounting for differences in environmental variables. The strongest correlations among microbes and plant functional traits included those related to perenniality, growth form, plant size, root type and seed shape. Our microcosm study showed that different plant species had their own associated germination microbiome, and most plant–microbe interactions were positive during germination. Synthesis. Our study provides evidence for intimate relationships between plant and soil biodiversity during germination. Our work fills an important knowledge gap for plant–microbe interactions and reveals valuable insights into the shared natural history of plants and microbes in terrestrial ecosystems.
High-dimensional statistical inference via DATE

Abstract For high-dimensional statistical inference, de-sparsifying methods have received popularity thanks to their appealing asymptotic properties. Existing results show that aforementioned methods share the same order of o(1) for the secondary bias term in probability. In this paper, we propose the de-sparsifying hard thresholded estimator (DATE) to further reduce the order. More specifically, we demonstrate that the suggested method achieves a smaller order of for the secondary bias term with n indicating the sample size and p indicating the dimensionality, yielding generally better performances under finite samples. Furthermore, the proposed method is shown to achieve a tradeoff between the type I error and the average power, suggesting appealing guaranteed reliability. The numerical results confirm that our method yields higher statistical accuracy than other de-sparsifying methods.
What Affects Maternal Response to Measles Vaccinations? Examining the Health Beliefs Model (HBM)

Background: Renewed measles outbreaks in recent years indicate that despite the routine availability of vaccines for a disease that is considered contagious, dangerous and deadly, many anti-vaccinationists do not vaccinate their children, which consequently endangers public health. This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence mothers to vaccinate their children, and whether the Health Belief Model (HBM) could predict compliance or non-compliance. Methods: This was a quantitative correlational research, using a 40-item questionnaire administered to 181 mothers in Israel. Results: The findings indicated two main factors that affected mothers’ intention to vaccinate their children against measles: first, their perception of the vaccine’s advantages, and second, their perception of the severity of the disease. It was also found that the HBM variables significantly affected the intention to administer vaccines. Conclusion: Consequently, raising public awareness of the vaccine’s advantages and importance to preventing mass infection, as well as attempts by the health system and practitioners to understand the motivations of anti-vaccinationists (including health beliefs and cultural sensitivities) could significantly increase the percentage of vaccinated children, and eradicate the measles epidemic.
Some Inequalities for a New Class of Convex Functions with Applications via Local Fractional Integral

The understanding of inequalities in convexity is crucial for studying local fractional calculus efficiency in many applied sciences. In the present work, we propose a new class of harmonically convex functions, namely, generalized harmonically - -convex functions based on fractal set technique for establishing inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type and certain related variants with respect to the Raina’s function. With the aid of an auxiliary identity correlated with Raina’s function, by generalized Holder inequality and generalized power mean, generalized midpoint type, Ostrowski type, and trapezoid type inequalities via local fractional integral for generalized harmonically - -convex functions are apprehended. The proposed technique provides the results by giving some special values for the parameters or imposing restrictive assumptions and is completely feasible for recapturing the existing results in the relative literature. To determine the computational efficiency of offered scheme, some numerical applications are discussed. The results of the scheme show that the approach is straightforward to apply and computationally very user-friendly and accurate.
A Literature Review on MOOCs Integrated With Learning Analytics

Although there have been numerous studies committed to MOOCs integrated with learning analytics, fewer of them have systematically reviewed the related literature. Using clustering techniques, bibliographic network visualization, content analysis, and STARLITE method, this study systematically reviews the literature in terms of learning analytics models, platforms of MOOCs, effect of learning analytics, effect of engagement, self-regulation, motivation, and online interactions, as well as other influencing factors of the effectiveness of MOOCs integrated with learning analytics. It provides constructive suggestions for designers, researchers, learners, and instructors of MOOCs so as to lower down learner dropout rates, increase completion rates, enhance learner engagement, and better learning outcomes. Future research into MOOCs could focus on the improvements on learning analytics because learning analytics could exert an essential influence on the effectiveness of MOOCs.
Analysis Of The Macroeconomic Factors Determining The Asset Profitability of The Turkish Banking System in The Period of 2010-2020

Purpose: The aim of the study is to analyze domestic and international macro-economic factors affecting the profitability rates of the Turkish banking sector, in the period 2010-2020 as capital movements are quite volatile. Methodology: Thus, it will be investigated whether global factors or domestic economic conditions are more effective on bank vulnerability. ARDL and Error Correction Models were used to analyze the short and long term relationships between variables. Findings: ARDL bounds test findings show that there is a cointegration relationship between bank profitability and selected macro-economic variables in the long run. In this respect, we can say that there is a causal link between all variables considered in the number one functional relationship and ROA Originality/Value: This study contributed to the Turkish literature by examining the macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability with ARDL method.
Late Quaternary chironomid community structure shaped by rate and magnitude of climate change

Much is known about how climate change impacts ecosystem richness and turnover, but we have less understanding of its influence on ecosystem structures. Here, we use ecological metrics (beta diversity, compositional disorder and network skewness) to quantify the community structural responses of temperature‐sensitive chironomids (Diptera: Chironomidae) during the Late Glacial (14 700–11 700 cal a bp) and Holocene (11 700 cal a bp to present). Analyses demonstrate high turnover (beta diversity) of chironomid composition across both epochs; however, structural metrics stayed relatively intact. Compositional disorder and skewness show greatest structural change in the Younger Dryas, following the rapid, high‐magnitude climate change at the Bølling–Allerød to Younger Dryas transition. There were fewer climate‐related structural changes across the early to mid–late Holocene, where climate change was more gradual and lower in magnitude. The reduced impact on structural metrics could be due to greater functional resilience provided by the wider chironomid community, or to the replacement of same functional‐type taxa in the network structure. These results provide insight into how future rapid climate change may alter chironomid communities and could suggest that while turnover may remain high under a rapidly warming climate, community structural dynamics retain some resilience.
Effect of powder morphology on properties of porous alumina support

Spheroidal and non-spheroidal alumina powders were used to investigate the effects of powder morphology on the properties of exruded porous support. Mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy were carried out to characterize the supports sintered at 1? 450? ℃ and 1? 500? ℃ for 4 hours, respectively. Results show that the regular spherical alumina powder could form porous support with low porosity in the way of close sphere package. It is disadvantageous to manufacture supports with high porosity. Simultaneously, the characteristics of spherical alumina with small pores led supports display double-peak pore size distribution, which would disappear at higher sintering temperature. The reduction of contact area between spherical particles doesn't benefit sintering process and support strength. However, spherical alumina powder could form regular pores in support. It is easy to produce porous supports with homogeneous microstructure.
Building a Measurement Model for Simulating Naturalness of Vibrato Based on Subjective Evaluation

SUMMARY This work introduces a measurement model to estimate the naturalness of vibrato. We carried out a subjective evaluation using a mean opinion score (MOS). We then built a measurement model by using two-dimensional Gaussian functions. We found that three Gaussian functions can measure naturalness with an error of 4.0%.