Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Efficient and Secure Certificate-Based Access Control and Key Agreement Scheme for Flying Ad-Hoc Networks

The evolution of Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs) marks the paradigm shift from a single large drone to multiple small drones linked together in an ad-hoc fashion. To maintain the Quality of Service (QoS) in the multi-hop networking schema, FANETs utilize the available resources efficiently. However, due to open wireless boundary and high mobility of the drones, the FANETs are vulnerable to malicious nodes that can penetrate the network and, thus, pose serious security threats, particularly at the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. Such susceptibility compromises the network security and privacy and harms the information exchange operation within the network. The attacker can either transmit a large number of reservation requests to waste the bandwidth, listen to the control messages, conduct power-efficient jamming or falsify the information to manipulate the network control. Therefore, secure access control and a key agreement mechanism are required. The mechanism must utilize the two phases, i.e., node authentication and key agreement, to counter the aforementioned attacks. Our contribution, in this paper, is a certificate-based access control and key agreement scheme, which is based on the technique of Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptography (HECC) and employs a collision-resistant one-way cryptographic hash function. In order to assess the viability and performance of the proposed scheme, we analyze it using formal security analysis techniques, such as the Real-Or-Random (ROR) model and Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) tool. The scheme is also evaluated using the informal security analysis technique, or the non-mathematical approach. The results obtained from both analyses affirm the superiority of our proposed scheme.
Gap Formation Around 0.5Ωe of Whistler‐Mode Waves Excited by Electron Temperature Anisotropy

With a one‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell simulation model, we have investigated the gap formation around 0.5 Ωe of the quasi‐parallel whistler‐mode waves excited by an electron temperature anisotropy. When the frequencies of excited waves in the linear stage cross 0.5 Ωe , or when they are slightly larger than 0.5 Ωe but then drift to lower values, the Landau resonance can make the electron distribution form a beam‐like/plateau population. Such an electron distribution only slightly changes the dispersion relation of whistler‐mode waves, but can cause severe damping around 0.5 Ωe via cyclotron resonance. At last, the wave spectrum is separated into two bands with a power gap around 0.5 Ωe . The condition under different electron temperature anisotropy and plasma beta is also surveyed for such kind of power gap. Besides, when only the waves with frequencies lower than 0.5 Ωe are excited in the linear stage, a power gap can also be formed due to the wave‐wave interactions, i.e., lower band cascade. Our study provides a clue to reveal the well‐known 0.5 Ωe power gap of whistler‐mode waves ubiquitously observed in the inner magnetosphere.
Assessment of the mitigating measures for cost overruns in the South African construction industry

This study investigated the causes of cost overruns and cost management methods to minimize cost overruns in the South African construction industry. The methodology used is a quantitative approach. Closed-ended and open-ended survey questions were used to gather data from 130 construction professionals, of which, 74 completed questionnaires were returned. The data received were analyzed by making use of both a computer programme called Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and a content analysis method. The findings from the study revealed that the most common and significant causes of cost overruns were changes in the scope of work, decision making, planning, the inadequate experience of contractors, an increment of material prices, provision of weather conditions, unskilled labour, late design and lack of coordination. The findings also indicate the effects of cost overruns as disputes claims, extension of time, reduced profit to the contractor, and bad public relations. The study has identified cost management methods that can reduce cost overruns in the South African construction industry as effective planning, accurate estimate, tracking status of the project, use of scheduling tools, an inspection of works, communication, site meetings, proper methods of construction and evaluation of work completed. This study, therefore, suggests that all construction professionals must be equipped with factors of cost overruns in order to implement the correct measures to minimise cost overruns.
The simultaneous determination of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Ni in potable and surface waters by GFAAS according to international regulations

A method has been developed for the simultaneous ultratrace determination of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Ni in potable, surface, and groundwaters. The method was optimized with respect to the limits of determination (L.O.D.) below 1 μg/L for Pb, Cr, Cu, and Ni and 0. 1 μg/L for Cd, respectively. Calculation of the detection limits and the L.O. Ds was performed from the confidence limits of a 10-point calibration function. These detection limits were found to be in good agreement with the instrument detection limit (I.D.L.) calculated from three times the standard deviation of a blank measurement. Different samples of surface waters, groundwaters, and precleaned wastewaters were measured against an aqueous calibration. The spike recoveries for the determined elements were found to be within a range of 85-115%. The analytical performance of the method exceeds the requirements of the strictest international regulations for surface and groundwaters and thus provides a rugged method for these types of samples.
Kinetics of inactivation of African swine fever antigen with binary ethylenimine

African swine fever (ASF) soluble antigen, used for routine diagnostic tests, is produced from infected Vero cells. The residual infectivity of antigen after solubilization and ultracentrifugation ranges from 106.5 to 10611) 0/ml. Antigen shipped from Plum Island Animal Disease Center high containment laboratory has to be completely inactivated while still retaining antigenicity. Since binary ethylenimine (BEI) inactivates nucleic acid with minimal effect on protein, it was used to inactivate the residual virus present in soluble ASF antigen. The effect of time, temperature and concentration of BEI was studied. Inactivation with 10 mM BEI at 37C for 3 hours completely inactivates virus, but some loss of antigenic activity occurred. Treatment with 10mM BEI at 17C inactivated of 5 logs of virus after 5 hours of treatment, while 5.0 mM BEI inactivated 5 logs of virus in 7 hours. Inactivation with 10mM BEI for 20 hours at 17C was used to assure complete loss of infectivity while still retaining most of the antigenic activity. Inactivated antigen was found to contain no residual infections ASF virus as demonstrated by inoculation of swine and tissue cultures. INTRODUCTION Soluble African swine fever (ASF) antigen is currently used for both the immunoosmoelectrophoresis (IEOP) (4), and enzyme-linked immunoassay (2). Large scale production of antigen was initiated at the Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC) as a result of the simultaneous report of outbreaks of ASF in Brazil and the Dominican Republic in 1978 (3). Over 10 liters of antigen have been prepared, inactivated, safety tested and stored at -70C and are available for shipment. Antigen has been shipped both to the Dominican Republic and Haiti for laboratory use in order to monitor swine sera during the ASF erradication programs in those countries. All biologicals shipped from PIADC must be free of infectious agents, thus, complete inactivation of antigen is mandatory before shipment. Acetylethylenemine (AEI), B-propiolactone, and glycidaldehyde have been shown to effectively inactivate ASFV (7), but the compounds are considered potentially carcinogenic for humans. Binary ethylenimine (BEI) may also be potentially carcinogenic, but is is generated from bromethylamine (BEA), a less toxic compound (1). Previous work had
Hydrodynamic Model of Diver–DPV Coupled Multi-Body and Its Underwater Cruising Numerical Simulation

Diver propulsion vehicles (hereinafter referred to as DPV) are a kind of small vehicle with underwater high-speed used by divers, who are able to grasp or ride on, and operate the volume switch to change the speed. Different from unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), the interference caused by diver’s posture changing is a unique problem. In this paper, a Diver–DPV multi-body coupling hydrodynamic model considering rigid body dynamics and fluid disturbance is established by analyzing the existing DPV related equipment. The numerical simulation of multi-body articulated motion is realized by using Star-CCM+ overlapping grid and DFBI 6-DOF body motion method. Five cases of DPVs underwater cruising in a straight-line when restraining diver movement is simulated, and five cases with free diver movement are simulated too. Finally, the influence of the diver’s posture changing on the cruising speed resistance is analyzed, and the motion equation including the disturbance is solved. The final conclusion is that, the disturbance is favorable at high speed, which can reduce the cruising resistance, and unfavorable at low speed, which increases the cruising resistance. The friction resistance Ff always accounts for the main part in all speed cases.
Identification and Validation of Quantitative Trait Loci of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus Disease Resistance in Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L). Hepper]

Background: Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is an important food legume crop of India. Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease is the major problem in blackgram. The disease can reduce seed yield upto 100% or even kill a plant infected at an early vegetative stage. The most effective way to prevent the occurrence of this disease is to develop genetically resistant cultivars of blackgram. However, a major difficulty in breeding MYMV disease resistant in blackgram is field screening for the virus disease. Hence identification of QTL followed by Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is highly useful for genetic improvement of crops. With this background, a study was made for identification as well as validation of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for MYMV disease resistance in blackgram.Methods: A total of 112 F2:3 lines were evaluated for MYMV disease resistance along with parents viz., MDU 1 (MYMV disease susceptible) and Mash 1008 (MYMV disease resistant) at the National Pulses Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vamban, Tamil Nadu during July-September 2018 under Augmented Design in the field. Each line was sown in one row of 3 m in length with a spacing of 30 cm as between row and 10 cm as within row. Susceptible genotypes CO 5 and MDU 1 were sown as disease spreader rows after every eight rows and also around the plots. The MYMV disease score was recorded on 60 DAS, by using phenotype rating scale from 1 (resistant) to 9 (highly susceptible), as suggested by Singh et al. (1995). The mean of each progeny was calculated and used as phenotypic data. A total of 525 SSR primers were used to test polymorphism between parents MDU 1 and Mash 1008. Genotyping was carried out for 112 F2:3 RILs of the cross MDU 1 x Mash 1008 with 35 polymorphic SSR markers. Linkage and QTL analyses were performed using QTL IciMapping (version 4.1.0.0) (Wang et al. 2016) and QGene 4.4. 0 (Joehanes and Nelson 2008) respectively. Two mapping populations MDU 1 x Mash 114 and CO 5 x VBN 6 in F2:3 and F2 generations respectively were used in this study to validate the identified QTL regions.Result: QTL study indicated the presence of two major QTLs for MYMV disease score in LG 2 and LG 10 at 60 DAS with 20.90 and 24.90% of phenotypic variation respectively. Validation of these QTLs in two other mapping population indicated that QTL on LG 10 was validated with high phenotypic variation of 45.40-46.00%. Hence it may conclude that qmymv10_60 may be utilized for MAS/MABC with assured improvement on MYMV disease resistance in blackgram.
PROTEIN OXIDATION IN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN STRESS IN WHEAT SEEDLINGS

Ammonium as the sole source of N is stressful for the wheat plants. Wheat seedlings were grown at varied N forms and supply. Increased ROS generation, increased lipid peroxidation, free amino acid levels and protease activities were observed in wheat seedlings grown under zero-N and NH 4+ -N. Presence of carbonylated proteins, in plants is indicative of oxidative stress damage. Conditions that promote formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) enhance protein carbonylation, and protein degradation is required to reverse the damage. In our study, we show that in spite of high ROS, ammonium and zero-N grown wheat plants had low levels of protein carbonyls indicating increased degradation of total soluble proteins in these treatments. Loss of carbonylated proteins corresponded to a loss of soluble protein and accumulation of free amino acids. However, it is not clear how the degradation of carbonylated proteins is controlled in planta .
High Mean Arterial Pressure is Associated with Better Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Subjective Memory Complaints

Background: Hypertension has been shown to be a major risk factor for cognitive decline, but little is known about its association with subjective memory complaints (SMC) in late life. The study is to examine if hypertension is associated with SMC and to explore which blood pressure (BP) is more important in this group.Methods: 497 non-demented older adults aged 60 years or older were interviewed. Hypertension is defined as a BP higher than 130/80 mmHg or on antihypertensive medication. SMC are measured by a validated 5-item Abbreviate Memory Inventory for the Chinese (AMIC) assessing subjective memory deficits in the past month. Cognitive performance was measured by a neurocognitive battery assessing global cognitive function and executive function (EF). Linear regression was performed to examine how different BP associate with AMIC and cognitive performance with adjustment for sociodemographic and physical factors.Results: Hypertensive group had a lower AMIC than normal control (t=-2.1, p=.033). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) (B=-.008, 95% CI -.014 – -.002, p=.006) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (B=-.011, 95% CI -.020– -.002 p=.014) were associated with AMIC. SBP was only associated global cognitive function (B= .008, 95% CI .000 – .015, p=.038), but MAP was associated with global cognitive function (B=.017, 95% CI .006 – .029, p=.003) and EF (B= 0.16, 95% CI .001 – .030, p=.036). Conclusions: High MAP was associated with better cognitive function in older adults with SMC. The findings highlight the need to be cautious when managing BP in older adults yet not to compromise their current cognitive function.
MJO-Induced Intraseasonal Mixed Layer Depth Variability in the Equatorial Indian Ocean and Impacts on Subsurface Water Obduction

Change of oceanic surface mixed layer depth (MLD) is critical for vertical exchanges between the surface and subsurface oceans and modulates surface temperature variabilities on various time scales. In situ observations have documented prominent intraseasonal variability (ISV) of MLD with 30–105-day periods in the equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO) where the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) initiates. Simulation of Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) reveals a regional maximum of intraseasonal MLD variability in the EIO (70°–95°E, 3°S–3°N) with a standard deviation of ~14 m. Sensitivity experiments of HYCOM demonstrate that, among all of the MJO-related forcing effects, the wind-driven downwelling and mixing are primary causes for intraseasonal MLD deepening and explain 83.7% of the total ISV. The ISV of MLD gives rise to high-frequency entrainments of subsurface water, leading to an enhancement of the annual entrainment rate by 34%. However, only a small fraction of these entrainment events (<20%) can effectively contribute to the annual obduction rate of 1.36 Sv, a quantification for the amount of resurfacing thermocline water throughout a year that mainly (84.6%) occurs in the summer monsoon season (May–October). The ISV of MLD achieves the maximal intensity in April–May and greatly affects the subsequent obduction. Estimation based on our HYCOM simulations suggests that MJOs overall reduce the obduction rate in the summer monsoon season by as much as 53%. A conceptual schematic is proposed to demonstrate how springtime intraseasonal MLD deepening events caused by MJO winds narrow down the time window for effective entrainment and thereby suppress the obduction of thermocline water.
Calibration of imaging plates sensitivity to high energy photons and ions for laser-plasma interaction sources

Imaging plates are widely used in laser-plasma interaction experiments for detection of electrons, x-ray, gamma-ray, ions, and neutrons, therefore, the calibration of imaging plates to different types of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation is vital. In this paper, a universal response function of FUJI BAS-TR imaging plate is presented using experiment and Monte-Carlo simulation with respect to high-energy photons and ions. The sensitivity of imaging plate sensitivity to x-ray radiation was examined using radioactive Co-60 isotope. Furthermore, the fading and decay mechanism affected by phosphor stimulated process were also investigated by employing the high energy gamma-rays produced in laser-plasma experiment. Finally, an ion spectrometer was designed to examine the IP response to different ion energies during a laser-driven plasma experiment. The universal relation given, can be used to evaluate the response of the imaging plate against any other types of radiation.
Heart disease prediction system using Correlation Based Feature Selection with Multilayer Perceptron approach.

Cardiac disease prediction helps physicians to make accurate recommendations on the treatment of the patients. The use of machine learning (ML) is one of the solution for recognising heart disease-related symptoms. The goal of this study is to suggest a methodology for identifying the most relevant features of cardiac disease characteristics by applying a feature selection technique. The data set used in this study was Framingham heart disease dataset (FHS). It was collected from KAGGLE Machine Learning repository. There are 16 attributes and a mark in the dataset that has been validated by four ML classifiers. There are two feature selection methods, Correlation Based Feature selection (CBFS) and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was used for the comparison in the study. By using CBFS Method five highly correlated features are selected for the study, and by using PCA thirteen features are selected. The experimental result shows that Correlation Based Feature Selection with Multilayer perceptron (CBFS with MLP) obtained the highest accuracy for this dataset.
Macro and micro analysis on coal-bearing soil slopes instability based on CFD-DEM coupling method

By combining the discrete element method (DEM) with computational fluid dynamics (CFD), this study proposes a three-dimensional CFD–DEM fluid–solid coupling microscopic computational model for analyzing the micromechanisms of instability and failure in a coal-bearing soil slope during rainfall. The CFD–DEM fluid–solid coupling model indicated that the main failure mode of the coal-bearing soil slopes was rainwater washing, and the slope sliding surface was predicted as an approximately linear segment. The adaptability of this numerical method was verified by comparing its results with those of rain-washed slopes in an outdoor model test. Rainfall changed the microscopic parameters such as the force chain, coordination number, and porosity of the slope soil particles. The porosity of the slope’s top particles increased from 0.35 in the initial state to 0.80 in the unstable state. This change was directly related to the macroscopic mechanics of the slope soil. By analyzing the changes in the microscopic parameters of the particles, the failure evolution law of the coal-bearing soil slopes during rainfall was explored from a microscopic perspective. This study not only provides a theoretical basis for the protection design and construction of coal-bearing soil slopes in the region but can also analyze macroscopic mechanical laws of discrete media from a micro–macro perspective in geotechnical engineering.
The Implementation of Finite Difference Minority Carrier Diffusion Equation to Determine Pm-147/Si Betavoltaic Performance

In this article, we employ a numerical calculation to determine the Pm2O3-Si p-n junction betavoltaic electrical performance using Finite Difference Minority Carrier Diffusion Equation (FD-MCDE) method. In order to verify the method, the comparation result is presented according to the basic planar design in the experimental study as well as the analytical calculation. At 0.8 Ci/cm2 and 1 Ci/cm2 activity content, we obtained 8.04% and 7.03% error in short-circuit current calculation, respectively. Furthermore, the variation in the number of n-type and p-type arrays was done to detect the shifting effect in the simulation result. The V oc, Vmp , and FF for both activity contents have achieved the optimum values using 500 x 500 grids, despite of having more iterations to reach the desired convergency level.
Prestressed bridge deck responses to blast loads

Bridges are critical to most transportation systems, especially in times of crisis; however, as highly visible and accessible structures, they are also potential targets for terrorist attacks. An understanding of the performance of bridges subjected to blast loads is of critical importance to prevent progressive collapse of such structures that could lead to a catastrophic loss of life. The current research focuses on investigating the behaviour of bridge decks under blast loads from various explosions. The bridge in this investigation is the Sheikh Saad Bridge in Wassit Province, Iraq, whose deck is made of simply supported spans with two types of prestressed concrete girders. Both spans were accurately modelled using the finite element software Abaqus/Explicit, and both concrete and steel mechanical material properties were modified to match the properties under high strain rate conditions of the blast analysis. The latest element deletion technique of the built-in Concrete Damaged Plasticity (CDP) model (available since Abaqus 2019) was used to provide a realistic simulation of concrete damage and spalling. The model was separately subjected to various explosive charges placed at different locations above or below the bridge deck in order to determine the influence of size and location of blast on the bridge superstructure, detailed results and the relevant conclusions are thus presented. Overall, the modelling managed to successfully simulate the blast load response and the cracking propagation within the damaged deck components.