Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ERK‐dependent induction of the immediate‐early gene Egr1 and the late gene Gpr50 contribute to two distinct phases of PACAP Gs‐GPCR signaling for neuritogenesis

Gs‐coupled GPCR‐stimulated neuritogenesis in PC12 and NS‐1 ‐ cells depends on activation of the MAP kinase ERK. Here, we examine changes in ERK activation (phosphorylation), and the time course of ERK‐dependent gene induction, to seek transcriptional determinants for this process. Quenching of ERK activation by inhibition of MEK with U0126 at any time point for at least 24 h following addition of PACAP resulted in arrest of neurite formation. Changes in the transcriptome profile throughout this time period revealed at least two phases of gene induction: an early phase dominated by induction of immediate‐early genes, and a later phase of gene induction after 4–6 h of exposure to PACAP with persistent elevation of phospho‐ERK levels. Genes induced by PACAP in both phases consisted in those whose induction was dependent on ERK (i.e., blocked by U0126), and some whose induction was blocked by the protein kinase A inhibitor H89. ERK‐dependent “late gene” transcripts included Gpr50, implicated earlier in facilitation of NGF‐induced neurite formation in NS‐1 cells. Gpr50 induction by PACAP, but not NGF, was dependent on the guanine nucleotide exchange factor RapGEF2, which has been shown to be required for PACAP‐induced neuritogenesis in NS‐1 cells. Expression of a Gpr50‐directed shRNA lowered basal levels of Gpr50 mRNA and attenuated Gpr50 mRNA and GPR50 protein induction by PACAP, with a corresponding attenuation of PACAP‐induced neuritogenesis. Gs‐GPCR‐stimulated neuritogenesis first requires immediate‐early gene induction, including that of Egr1 (Zif268/NGF1A/Krox24) as previously reported. This early phase of gene induction, however, is insufficient to maintain the neuritogenic process without ERK‐dependent induction of additional late genes, including Gpr50, upon continuous exposure to neurotrophic neuropeptide. Early (Egr1) and late (Gpr50) gene induction by NGF, like that for PACAP, was inhibited by U0126, but was independent of RapGEF2, confirming distinct modes of ERK activation by Gs‐coupled GPCRs and neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinases, converging on a final common ERK‐dependent signaling pathway for neuritogenesis.
Continuous Authentication against Collusion Attacks

As mobile devices become more and more popular, users gain many conveniences. It has also made smartphone makers install new software and prebuilt hardware on their products, including many kinds of sensors. With improved storage and computing power, users also become accustomed to storing and interacting with personally sensitive information. Due to convenience and efficiency, mobile devices use gait authentication widely. In recent years, protecting the information security of mobile devices has become increasingly important. It has become a hot research area because smartphones are vulnerable to theft or unauthorized access. This paper proposes a novel attack model called a collusion attack. Firstly, we study the imitation attack in the general state and its results and propose and verify the feasibility of our attack. We propose a collusion attack model and train participants with quantified action specifications. The results demonstrate that our attack increases the attacker’s false match rate only using an acceleration sensor in some systems sensor. Furthermore, we propose a multi-cycle defense model based on acceleration direction changes to improve the robustness of smartphone-based gait authentication methods against such attacks. Experimental results show that our defense model can significantly reduce the attacker’s success rate.
Peer Support and Mental Health of Migrant Domestic Workers: A Scoping Review

The effectiveness of peer support in improving mental health and well-being has been well documented for vulnerable populations. However, how peer support is delivered to migrant domestic workers (MDWs) to support their mental health is still unknown. This scoping review aimed to synthesize evidence on existing peer support services for improving mental health among MDWs. We systematically searched eight electronic databases, as well as grey literature. Two reviewers independently performed title/abstract and full-text screening, and data extraction. Twelve articles were finally included. Two types of peer support were identified from the included studies, i.e., mutual aid and para-professional trained peer support. MDWs mainly seek support from peers through mutual aid for emotional comfort. The study’s findings suggest that the para-professional peer support training program was highly feasible and culturally appropriate for MDWs. However, several barriers were identified to affect the successful implementation of peer support, such as concerns about emotion contagion among peers, worries about disclosure of personal information, and lack of support from health professionals. Culture-specific peer support programs should be developed in the future to overcome these barriers to promote more effective mental health practices.
A Low-Resolution Direct Digital Synthesis Transmitter Architecture Using Dithering for Multiband 5G NR Mobile Applications

This letter presents a low-resolution multiband transmitter architecture using direct digital synthesis (DDS) with dithering. Modern modulated signals constructed by a low-resolution digital-to-analog converter (DAC) suffer from quantization errors and distortions. The proposed technique reduces the quantization problems with the use of a proper oversampling ratio (OSR) and the dithering technique. This technique has lower cost and lower complexity compared to conventional transmitters while maintaining linearity performance. A 50-MHz 5G NR 256-quadratic-amplitude modulation (QAM) signal is used for concept validation at bands n1, n40, and n50. The proposed work achieved the adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) and error vector magnitude (EVM) requirements of under −30 dBc and 3.5%, respectively. A single 3-bit 10-GS/s radio frequency (RF) DAC is used where the performance is similar to a conventional transmitter using a pair of 5-bit baseband in-phase and quadrature (IQ) DACs.
Arginine Regulates Zygotic Genome Activation in Porcine Embryos Under Nutrition Restriction

Arginine has a positive effect on pre-implantation development in pigs. However, the exact mechanism by which arginine promotes embryonic development is undefined. Here, single-cell RNA sequencing technology was applied to porcine in vivo pre-implantation embryos from the zygote to morula stage, it was found that that the expression of arginine metabolism-related genes clearly changed from the 2-cell stage to the 4-cell stage, when zygotic genome activation (ZGA) occurs in porcine embryos. Further analysis showed that arginine metabolism-related genes are significantly correlated with key ZGA genes. To determine the function of arginine in porcine embryos during ZGA, the in vitro fertilization embryos were cultured in PZM-3 medium (0.12 mM arginine, Control group), a modified PZM-3 medium (0 mM arginine, Block group) and a modified PZM-3 medium supplemented with arginine (0.12 mM arginine, Block + Arg group). The results showed that the 4-cell arrest rate was significantly increased in the Block group compared to the Control group (P < 0.05). The 4-cell arrest rate in the Block + Arg group was significantly decreased than that in the Block group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the expression of ZGA marker genes and SIRT1 protein in 4-cell embryos was significantly decreased in the Block group compared to the Control group, and their expression was significantly increased in the Block + Arg group. In addition, we observed that the glutathione (GSH), ATP levels, and lipid droplet contents were significantly increased, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was decreased in the Block + Arg group compared to the Block group. Compared with Control group, spermine content in culture medium and the mRNA expression of ornithine decarboxylase1 (ODC1) of embryos in the Block group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and those in the Block + Arg group were significantly increased compared with the Block group (P < 0.05). Moreover, when difluoromethylornithine (an inhibitor of ODC1) was added to the modified PZM-3 medium supplemented with arginine, the effect of arginine on ZGA was inhibited. In summary, our findings demonstrated that arginine may regulate ZGA under nutrition restriction in porcine embryos by promoting polyamine synthesis.
1 A multi-shell multi-tissue diffusion study of brain connectivity in early multiple sclerosis

Background The potential of multi-shell diffusion imaging to produce accurate brain connectivity metrics able to unravel key pathophysiological processes in multiple sclerosis (MS) has scarcely been investigated. Objective To test, in patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), whether multi-shell imagingderived connectivity metrics can differentiate patients from controls; correlate with clinical measures; and perform better than metrics obtained with conventional single-shell protocols. Methods Nineteen patients within 3 months from the CIS and 12 healthy controls underwent anatomical and 53-direction multi-shell diffusion-weighted 3T images. Patients were cognitively assessed. Voxel-wise fibre orientation distribution functions were estimated and used to obtain network metrics. These were also calculated using a conventional single-shell diffusion protocol. Through linear regression, we obtained effect sizes and standardised regression coefficients. Results Patients had lower mean nodal strength (p=0.003) and greater network modularity than controls (p=0.045). Greater modularity was associated with worse cognitive performance in patients, even after accounting for lesion load (p=0.002). Multi-shell-derived metrics outperformed single-shell-derived ones. Conclusions Connectivity-based nodal strength and network modularity are abnormal in the CIS. Furthermore, the increased network modularity observed in patients, indicating microstructural damage, is clinically relevant. Connectivity analyses based on multi-shell imaging can detect potentially relevant network changes in early MS.
Possibility to Alter Dynamics of Luminescence from Surface of Polymer Membrane with Ultrasonic Waves

The temporal dynamics of luminescence from the surface of Nafion polymer membranes have been studied. In fact, the polymer membrane was soaked in liquids with different contents of deuterium. The test liquids were ordinary (natural) water (deuterium content equal to 157 ppm) and deuterium-depleted water (deuterium content is equal to 3 ppm). Simultaneously with the excitation of luminescence, the Nafion plate was irradiated with ultrasonic pulses, having a duration of 1 μs. The ultrasonic waves were generated with different repetition rates and amplitudes, and irradiated the surface of Nafion in the geometry of grazing or normal incidence. Luminescence regimes were studied when the membrane was irradiated with one ultrasonic wave (one piezoelectric transducer) or two counter-propagating waves (two piezoelectric transducers). It turned out that ultrasonic waves, which fall normal to the membrane interface, do not affect the dynamics of luminescence. At the same time, in the case of ultrasonic irradiation in the grazing incidence geometry, sharp jumps in the luminescence intensity occur, and the behavior of these jumps substantially depends on the mode of irradiation: one or two piezoelectric transducers. This allows for control of the dynamics of luminescence from the polymer surface. In accordance with this model, the possibility of altering the luminescence dynamics is due to the effect of unwinding the polymer fibers from the surface toward the liquid bulk upon soaking. It is important that such unwinding does not occur in deuterium-depleted water, which was confirmed in a direct experiment with dynamic light scattering from polydisperse aqueous suspensions of Nafion nanometer-sized particles; these suspensions were prepared in ordinary water and deuterium-depleted water. Thus, ultrasonic irradiation affects the dynamics of luminescence only when Nafion is swollen in ordinary water; in the case of deuterium-depleted water this effect is missed.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Cerebrospinal Fluid as an Advanced Form of Liquid Biopsy for Neurological Disorders

Diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring of neurological diseases are limited by the poor specificity and limited resolution of currently available techniques. Analysis of circulating cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has emerged as a promising strategy for the diagnosis, molecular characterization, and monitoring of neurological disease. In comparison to bulk sequencing analysis, single-cell sequencing studies can provide novel insights into rare cell populations and uncover heterogeneity in gene expression at a single-cell resolution, which has several implications for understanding disease pathology and treatment. Parallel development of standardized biofluid collection protocols, pre-processing strategies, reliable single-cell isolation strategies, downstream genomic analysis, and robust computational analysis is paramount for comprehensive single-cell sequencing analysis. Here we perform a comprehensive review of studies focusing on single-cell sequencing of cells in the CSF of patients with oncological or non-oncological diseases of the central nervous system.
Characterizing Features of Human Circulating B Cells Carrying CLL-Like Stereotyped Immunoglobulin Rearrangements

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of monoclonal CD5+ B cells with low surface immunoglobulins (IG). About 40% of CLL clones utilize quasi-identical B cell receptors, defined as stereotyped BCR. CLL-like stereotyped-IG rearrangements are present in normal B cells as a part of the public IG repertoire. In this study, we collected details on the representation and features of CLL-like stereotyped-IG in the IGH repertoire of B-cell subpopulations purified from the peripheral blood of nine healthy donors. The B-cell subpopulations were also fractioned according to the expression of surface CD5 molecules and IG light chain, IGκ and IGλ. IG rearrangements, obtained by high throughput sequencing, were scanned for the presence of CLL-like stereotyped-IG. CLL-like stereotyped-IG did not accumulate preferentially in the CD5+ B cells, nor in specific B-cell subpopulations or the CD5+ cell fraction thereof, and their distribution was not restricted to a single IG light chain type. CLL-like stereotyped-IG shared with the corresponding CLL stereotype rearrangements the IGHV mutational status. Instead, for other features such as IGHV genes and frequency, CLL stereotyped-IGs presented a CLL-like subset specific behavior which could, or could not, be consistent with CLL stereotyped-IGs. Therefore, as opposed to the immuno-phenotype, the features of the CLL stereotyped-IG repertoire suggest a CLL stereotyped subset-specific ontogeny. Overall, these findings suggest that the immune-genotype can provide essential details in tracking and defining the CLL cell of origin.
Improve Agricultural Production by Making the Right Decisions for Crop Diseases

: Infectious plant diseases can cause infections, infections, and infections. Infection and Infection. Small organisms infect plants and lose nutrients. Bacteria Insects. Many types of application domains are essential to identify measurement types. This is probably the most important part of a proper diagnostic system. Decisions about crop diseases must be made by the Proposed Decision Support System (DSS). It is a unified computing device which allows decision makers to communicate directly with computers. This system proposes a decision-support system for separating crops using Bayesian Analysis. A key feature of the proposed system is to provide an integrated tool for diagnostic applications. This paper is making the right decisions for crop diseases to improve agricultural production. Therefore, a careful review of the symptoms reported may help with symptoms. The main purpose of this system is to give people information about the diseases they want to know.
The Effect of Induced Optimism on Situational Pain Catastrophizing

Background There is broad evidence that optimism is associated with less pain, while pain catastrophizing leads to increased pain. The aim of this study was to examine whether experimentally induced optimism can reduce situational pain catastrophizing and whether this relation is moderated by dispositional optimism and/or dispositional pain catastrophizing. Methods Situational pain catastrophizing during two thermal stimulations was measured in 40 healthy participants with the Situational Catastrophizing Questionnaire (SCQ). Between the two stimulations, the Best Possible Self (BPS) imagery and writing task was performed to induce situational optimism in the experimental group while the control group wrote about their typical day. Questionnaires were administered to assess dispositional optimism [Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R)] and dispositional pain catastrophizing [Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)]. Results There was a significant interaction between the optimism induction and trait pain catastrophizing: the association of trait pain catastrophizing with state pain catastrophizing was weakened after the optimism induction. No overall effect of induced optimism on situational pain catastrophizing and no significant moderating influence of trait optimism were found. Conclusion The state optimism induction apparently counteracted the manifestation of dispositional pain catastrophizing as situational pain catastrophizing. This implies that high trait pain catastrophizers may have especially benefitted from the optimism induction, which is in line with resilience models stressing the buffering role of optimism.
The Importance of Labour Market Responses, Competitiveness Impacts, and Revenue Recycling in Determining the Political Economy Costs of Broad Carbon Taxation in the UK

Despite broad acceptance of the need to drastically reduce carbon emissions and limit global warming, political debates persist regarding the acceptability of actions to internalise carbon costs given potential impacts on the cost-of-living and income generation. We present fundamental macroeconomic and more complex computable general equilibrium analyses to consider how introducing broad carbon taxation might impact key macroeconomic indicators, taking the UK as an applied example. One key insight is that, with no other policy intervention, such a move introduces contractionary pressure through increases in consumer prices that reduces GDP, employment, and household spending, and erodes government revenue gains. The extent of contraction depends on the degree of resistance in labour markets to real wage rate reductions alongside substitutability away from taxed energy in determining prices, and on consequent export demand responses. A second is that where government prioritises balancing its budget, partial recycling of carbon tax revenues aimed at moderating negative impacts on firm costs and household real spending power can reduce wider economy losses. However, this is limited by wage bargaining and domestic consumption responses in a labour supply constrained and very open economy, with income tax recycling minimising macroeconomic losses at the cost of increasingly regressive outcomes.
Relationship Between Money Market and Economic Growth in Nigeria

AbstractThis paper investigated the relationship between money market and economic growth in Nigeria. Secondary data for 38 years covering the period of 1981 to 2018 was used. Econometric methods of analysis of Lag Length Selection Criteria, ARDL Bound Test for Cointegration, Long Run and Short Run Estimations and Diagnostics Tests of Serial Correlation, Hetroskedascitity, Cusum Test and Ramsey Reset Test were carried out. The result found that there is long run relationship between money market and economic growth, as indicate by the F-statistics 4.48 which is higher than the upper bound values at all level of significance. This suggests that there exists a long run relation between money market and economic growth. The results of the error correction suggest the validity of long-run relationship between money market and economic growth. The study recommends that financial market regulatory body to increase the size of the money market through policy relaxation in order to achieve economic growth in the country.Keywords: Money Market, Economic Growth, Bound Test.JELClassification: C01, E05, G10
Effect of Bursaphelenchus spp. inoculation on carbohydrate concentrations of differentpine species in forest stands of Düzce Forest Directorate

: The pinewood nematode ( Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ) is one of the most important pathogens of conifer forests worldwide that causes the pine wilt disease. This problem has increased the scientific interest in Bursaphelenchus species both in the world and in Turkey. Previously, six Bursaphelenchus species were isolated from wilted pine trees in Turkey. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effects of nematode inoculation on the total carbohydrate concentrations of tree species. Native six Bursaphelenchus species were inoculated on three pine species ( Pinus pinaster , P. nigra , and P. sylvestris ) under natural stand conditions. Two different doses of nematodes (2000 and 20,000) were used for inoculation. For each treatment, three trees of each species were inoculated. The total carbohydrate concentrations were differed significantly among tree species, nematode species and between nematode doses. The total carbohydrate concentration values were higher in P. pinaster than both P. nigra and P. sylvestris . These results may suggest that pine species responded to nematode inoculation by changing the amount of TCC.
Analysis of student errors in solving comparative trigonometry problems of right-angled triangles based on watson's criteria

This study aims to analyze the location of students' errors in problem solving and the causal factors based on Watson's criteria. This type of qualitative descriptive research, with the subject of three students of class X AKL 1 taken based on certain considerations according to the criteria or can be called purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques include direct observation in schools, interviews with subjects and documentation. Triangulation techniques used for data analysis include data reduction, presentation and conclusion drawing. From the results of the analysis, it was found that four types of errors were located inimproper procedures, indirect manipulation, missing data and missing conclusions. The cause of the error is students lack understanding of material concepts, being careless in reading questions, forgetting formulas, being in a hurry, and new factors are found, namely students use other paper to write down the completion steps. The results of the study can explain in detail the errors made by students in solving problems, so that it can minimize the occurrence of similar errors and improve the learning process of mathematics.