Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Bug Prediction in JavaScript Programs with Hybrid Call-Graph Based Invocation Metrics

Bug prediction aims at finding source code elements in a software system that are likely to contain defects. Being aware of the most error-prone parts of the program, one can efficiently allocate the limited amount of testing and code review resources. Therefore, bug prediction can support software maintenance and evolution to a great extent. In this paper, we propose a function level JavaScript bug prediction model based on static source code metrics with the addition of a hybrid (static and dynamic) code analysis based metric of the number of incoming and outgoing function calls (HNII and HNOI). Our motivation for this is that JavaScript is a highly dynamic scripting language for which static code analysis might be very imprecise; therefore, using a purely static source code features for bug prediction might not be enough. Based on a study where we extracted 824 buggy and 1943 non-buggy functions from the publicly available BugsJS dataset for the ESLint JavaScript project, we can confirm the positive impact of hybrid code metrics on the prediction performance of the ML models. Depending on the ML algorithm, applied hyperparameters, and target measures we consider, hybrid invocation metrics bring a 2–10% increase in model performances (i.e., precision, recall, F-measure). Interestingly, replacing static NOI and NII metrics with their hybrid counterparts HNOI and HNII in itself improves model performances; however, using them all together yields the best results.
Semarang Batik as an Artistic Representation of Coastal and Egalitarian Communities

Batik is one of Semarang citizen’s art that has unique things. That unique thing comes from the locality as the source of the idea that expressed to its embodiment. This assessment is focused on the question, how the coastal locality representation to Semarang’s batik expression as the characteristic embodiment. This assessment is to find some descriptions that clearly related to the description of the representation of society and culture to Semarang’s batik. This research is to find the proof that Semarang’s batik represents the type of urban society, coastal/egalitarian; and the type of pop culture, eclectic/acculturative. Keywords—art expression, representation, batik, egalitarian, culture
Youth Unemployment in Uruguay, WP/20/281, December 2020

Uruguay enjoys favorable social outcomes, and its labor indicators are comparable to other Latin American countries, but its youth unemployment is one of the highest in the world. To help understand this duality, we employ synthetic panels from repeated household surveys for LA6 countries from 1990-2018 to investigate the determinants of the youth-to-adult unemployment gap. We find that a large part of the Uruguayan gap cannot be explained by standard variables, which opens the possibility that other uncontrolled factors, including labor market institutions, might be at play. JEL Classification Numbers: E24, J21, J48, J71
Labor Market Dynamics: A Hidden Markov Approach, WP/19/282, December 2019

This paper proposes a hidden state Markov model (HMM) that incorporates workers’ unobserved labor market attachment into the analysis of labor market dynamics. Unlike previous literature, which typically assumes that a worker’s observed labor force status follows a first-order Markov process, the proposed HMM allows workers with the same labor force status to have different history-dependent transition probabilities. I show that the estimated HMM generates labor market transition probabilities that match those observed in the data, while the first-order Markov model (FOM) and its many-state extensions cannot. Even compared with the extended FOM, the HMM improves the fit of the empirical transition probabilities by a factor of 30. I apply the HMM to (1) calculate the long-run consequences of separation from stable employment, (2) study evolutions of employment stability across different demographic groups over the past several decades, (3) compare the dynamics of labor market flows during the Great Recession to those during the 1981 recession, and (4) highlight the importance of looking beyond distributions of current labor force status. JEL Classification Numbers: E24, E32, J64
Understanding ethnical interactions on Ivory Coast

Towards the consolidation of peace and national development, the Ivorian society must overcome the lack of cohesion reported by several cooperation agents. In this sense, the present work provides insights on the regional interactions, so e↵orts may be planned and deployed with more intelligence. We characterize the communication patterns from a social perspective, in order to understand the factors that influence its emergence. We found that in a subregional scale, the ethnical identity plays an important role in the communication patterns, while at the interregional scale, other factors arise like economical interests and available infrastructure.
Numerical Simulation of Surfactant Flooding in Darcy Scale Flow

One of the methods that is used nowadays in enhanced oil recovery is surfactant flooding. The main mechanisms of surfactant flooding in reservoir consist of reduction of interfacial tension between water and oil and modification of rock wettability. In this study, the authors simulate the surfactant injection process in Darcy scale and in one-dimensional, multicomponent, multiphase state, and effects of physical phenomena such as adsorption, dispersion, convection, and exchange between fluids and solids are considered. Wettability alteration of reservoir rock due to presence of surfactant in injected fluid is detected in relative permeability and capillary pressure curves. First, the authors express the governing flow equations in the system and then discretize them. The variables consist of water and oil saturations, surfactant concentration in water phase, water and oil pressures, and velocities in each block. Second, the discretized equations are solved by IMPES method and pressure and saturation variables are calculated and after that, the concentration of surfactant in water phase is calculated. Finally, results of simulation are shown.
Towards Understanding and Detecting Cyberbullying in Real-world Images

—Cyberbullying has become widely recognized as a critical social problem plaguing today’s Internet users. This problem involves perpetrators using Internet-based technologies to bully their victims by sharing cyberbullying-related content. To combat this problem, researchers have studied the factors associated with such content and proposed automatic detection techniques based on those factors. However, most of these studies have mainly focused on understanding the factors of textual content, such as comments and text messages, while largely over-looking the misuse of visual content in perpetrating cyberbullying. Recent technological advancements in the way users access the Internet have led to a new cyberbullying paradigm. Perpetrators can use visual media to bully their victims through sending and distributing images with cyberbullying content. As a ﬁrst step to understand the threat of cyberbullying in images, we report in this paper a comprehensive study on the nature of images used in cyberbullying. We ﬁrst collect a real-world cyberbullying images dataset with 19,300 valid images. We then analyze the images in our dataset and identify the factors related to cyberbullying images that can be used to build systems to detect cyberbullying in images. Our analysis of factors in cyberbullying images reveals that unlike traditional offensive image content (e.g., violence and nudity), the factors in cyberbullying images tend to be highly contextual. We further demonstrate the effectiveness of the factors by measuring several classiﬁer models based on the identiﬁed factors. With respect to the cyberbullying factors identiﬁed in our work, the best classiﬁer model based on multimodal classiﬁcation achieves a mean detection accuracy of 93.36% on our cyberbullying images dataset.
Thermomechanical performance of bio-inspired corrugated-core sandwich structure for thermal protection system panel

Thermal protection system (TPS) of a hypersonic vehicle is required to be lightweight while providing high strength under dynamic and acoustic pressures and withstanding aerodynamic heating during hypersonic flight. During their service lifetime, the hypersonic vehicle will serve in a harsh condition such as high aerodynamic heating on the surface which results in a thermal gradient across the thickness direction of the TPS panel [1, 2]. At the meantime, thermal stress will be increased, which cause the TPS panel to deflect outwardly and may damage the vehicle [3]. In addition, the outward deflection of the TPS panel may cause a transition from laminar to turbulent boundary conditions, which may increase local aerodynamic heating [4]. Thus, the key design of the TPS panel is to ensure the vehicle structural temperature below the allowance temperature of the internal structure’s material [5]. Besides that, it must also provide an acceptable surface deflection to prevent flow transition during flight. Most of the research focused on the goal of the temperature limit in the internal structure of the vehicle, they determined the proper thickness and material for the TPS panel. Thus, the concerns about the limit deflection and permanent deformation of the TPS panel are also important. In our previous design of the TPS panel [3], We employed an Inconel superalloy for the outer plate of the TPS panel which directly exposed to the high aerodynamic heating. However, this plate made of Inconel superalloy is heavy even though it guarantees the high strength for the TPS panel. Therefore, in this study, we will propose lightweight structures that also ensure the high strength for the TPS panel. One of the light-weight candidate structure is sandwich structures which have been widely used in hypersonic vehicles as a thermal protection structure. Recently, sandwich structures consisting of two solid face sheets and a low-density core are inspired from biological structures [6, 7]. Due to a long evolution of nature, the biological structures are optimized to survive and adapt in the various environmental conditions. Thus, it is such a lightweight and high-strength structure for modern engineering applications. Many researchers have designed and investigated thermal-mechanical performances of the sandwich structure under various conditions such as crushing test [6], aerodynamic heating [5]. In this study, a bio-inspired sandwich structure is also proposed as a candidate structure for the outer surface of the TPS panel. The corrugated core of the sandwich panel is inspired and modified from the microstructure of Mantis shrimp's hammer [8]. The sinusoidal shape is shown in Fig. 1. In the present paper, numerical simulation of unidirectionally and bidirectionally corrugated core sandwich panel are modeled and investigated under aerodynamic heating. A comparison between the two proposed structures is discussed in term of thermal stress and thermal deflection limits.
THE LEVELS OF EMPATHY. A PHENOMENOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTION TO PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

concept of «empathy», that is developed over the years through critical confrontation with Theodor Lipps. Husserl will always be opposed to interpretations of empathy that give too much space to the instinctive and immediate level of the relationship, which seems to him to be a prelude to a failed recognition of otherness. Rather, he will think of empathy as an encounter between people within a shared world. What in some cases is presented as a dichotomy (naturalistic and immediate empathy versus of empathy, not only in comparison with Husserl, but also with Max Scheler. Surthe writings of the young doctor Karl Jaspers on phenomenological psychopathology. of “incomprehensible phenomena”. Anna Donise Università degli Studi di Napoli, Federico II E-mail: anna.donise@unina.it aNNa DoNISe
A systematic review of dynamic wireless charging infrastructure location problem for electric vehicles

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology has been seen as an efficient alternative for electric vehicles (EV) charging while maintaining seamless traffic flow. This paper presents a review of the evolution of WPT technology over the years and issues related to its infrastructure allocation in terms of real-world integration. The first part of the paper provides an overview of all the major progress and achievements made by different research organizations in the area of WPT technology for EV charging. These technologies are ranked based on two indices namely technological readiness level (TRL) and system readiness level (SRL). The optimal location of wireless charging facilities comes with more design and operational issues than conventional static charging facilities. However they are similar in terms of the infrastructure modelling approach to locate these charging facilities, as the overall goal is to maximize the network flow and minimize the overall system cost. The second part of the paper assesses different modelling techniques used to optimize the location of static and dynamic wireless charging (DWC) facilities. The economic feasibility of the technology is an important consideration for successful system integration as well as the overall performance of the system. As such, this paper also provides a synopsis of different socio-economic studies related to the DWC infrastructure allocation problem. Finally, future research directions in this field are discussed based on the knowledge gaps identified from the existing literature.
Roles of Physical Activity Type in Exercise Motivational Profiles and Behavioral Frequencies Among College Freshmen

This study examined the relationships among gender, race/ethnicity, physical activity (PA) type, exercise motivation, and frequencies of various exercise intensities.College freshmen (N = 170; 68 male, 102 female) in the southwestern U.S. completed an online survey on exercise motivation and behavior. Chi-square tests indicated that males generally performed more fitness training and less aerobic exercise than females, whereas no differences were foundamong racial/ethnic groups. Descriptive discriminant analyses revealed that sport participation contributed to the most adaptive motivational profileand highest behavioral frequencies, suggesting that sport participation is the most effective PA type for college freshmen to maintain exercise.
Green efficiency and Environmental Productivity: Non-parametric Production Analysis

This paper introduces a general framework to analyse green efficiency and environmental productivity. Green productivity and efficiency measures are defined through the new B-disposal scheme. Environmental generalized efficiency measures are introduced to define green productivity indices and indicators. In addition, components of environmental productivity changes are highlighted. New implementation process of environmental efficiency and productivity assessment on convex and non convex B-disposal non-parametric technologies is proposed.
VALIDATION OF A NON INVASIVE CORE TEMPERATURE SENSOR FOR NEONATES; ADULT PATIENTS AND FIRE FIGHTERS

It is easy to obtain accurate core temperature measurements from several locations of the human body with relatively invasive methods. Three standard core-temperature measurement sites are the pulmonary artery, nasopharynx and the distal oesophagus. None of these sites is easy to use in neonates and sedated critical patients undergoing regional anaesthesia. Also for fire fighters during their mission these invasive methods are not appropriate. Yet adequate core temperature monitoring is clearly indicated in these focus groups because both groups are prone to hypoor hyperthermia respectively.
Geospatial modeling of landscape ecological sustainability level in geo-tourism regions

Identifying various geomorphologic units with ecotourism attraction and determining the high-quality ‎landscape are important steps in order to improve the quality and protecting natural ecosystems. The ‎present study aims to achieve a more appropriate landscape pattern in the framework of ecotourism ‎development in the geo-tourism region of Bishe Waterfall, in Iran taking into account the landscape ‎quality assessment and landscape ecological indicators. Appropriate ways are proposed to develop ‎ecotourism for achieving sustainable ecotourism. For data analysis, Arc GIS, Idrisi and Fragstats ‎software were used. Also, The area of the study was determined using google earth software, and LAND ‎SAT and NDVI images were used to produce vegetation type and density maps. The landscape quality ‎units were evaluated by the‏ ‏development of landforms, and then 18 areas were selected as scenic ‎landscapes and verified by using questionnaires. To evaluate the visual aspect, the area was divided into ‎‎17 49-hectare cells, and the corresponding metrics were compiled in Fragstats and the corresponding ‎maps were produced for analyzing and evaluating the landscape pattern using Arc GIS. The results ‎showed three levels of landscape quality assessment, which is distinct, ordinary and, poor, where the ‎landscape quality from the horizontal perspective corresponds to the landscape quality from the vertical ‎perspective, but the results of the visual assessment of the area with the landform model showed that ‎there is a conflict between the aesthetics and ecology in the region.
Effect of Beef Packaging Method on Volatile Compounds Developed by Oven Roasting or Microwave Cooking

The objectives of this study were to identify and quantify volatile compounds in beef that was dry aged or vacuum packaged and then oven roasted or microwave cooked. Supercritical CO 2 was used to extract the volatile compounds, and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry or flame ionization detection was used for analyses. Classes of compounds isolated and identified included hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, aromatic), alcohols, aldehydes, acids, ketones, esters, lactones, thiazoles, pyrazines, phenols, and furans. Differences in relative proportions of certain hydrocarbons, terpenoids, aldehydes, and ketones were observed for individual combinations of cooking×packaging interactions, some of which were directly attributed to autoxidation. Results indicate that quantifying single compounds was not sufficiently accurate. Instead, using total weight percentages of chemical classes was preferable
Multi-Agent Graph-Aention Communication

High-performing teams learn eective communication strategies to judiciously share information and reduce the cost of communication overhead. Within multi-agent reinforcement learning, synthesizing eective policies requires reasoning about when to communicate, whom to communicate with, and how to process messages. We propose a novel multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithm, Multi-Agent Graph-attentIon Communication (MAGIC), with a graph-attention communication protocol in which we learn 1) a Scheduler to help with the problems of when to communicate and whom to address messages to, and 2) a Message Processor using Graph Attention Networks (GATs) with dynamic graphs to deal with communication signals. The Scheduler consists of a graph attention encoder and a dierentiable attention mechanism, which outputs dynamic, dierentiable graphs to the Message Processor, which enables the Scheduler and Message Processor to be trained end-to-end. We evaluate our approach on a variety of cooperative tasks, including Google Research Football. Our method outperforms baselines across all domains, achieving ⇡ 10% increase in reward in the most challenging domain. We also show MAGIC communicates 23.2% more eciently than the average baseline, is robust to stochasticity, and scales to larger state-action spaces. Finally, we demonstrate MAGIC on a physical, multi-robot testbed.
One More Bite? Inferring Food Consumption Level of College Students Using Smartphone Sensing and Self-Reports

While the characterization of food consumption level has been extensively studied in nutrition and psychology research, advancements in passive smartphone sensing have not been fully utilized to complement mobile food diaries in characterizing food consumption levels. In this study, a new dataset regarding the holistic food consumption behavior of 84 college students in Mexico was collected using a mobile application combining passive smartphone sensing and self-reports. We show that factors such as sociability and activity types and levels have an association to food consumption levels. Finally, we define and assess a novel ubicomp task, by using machine learning techniques to infer self-perceived food consumption level (eating as usual, overeating, undereating) with an accuracy of 87.81% in a 3-class classification task by using passive smartphone sensing and self-report data. Furthermore, we show that an accuracy of 83.49% can be achieved for the same classification task by using only smartphone sensing data and time of eating, which is an encouraging step towards building context-aware mobile food diaries and making food diary based apps less tedious for users.
Solution Rheological Behavior and Electrospinning of Cationic Polyelectrolytes

The influence of polyelectrolyte rheological behavior on the electrospinning process was determined for a series of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate hydrochloride) (PDMAEMA·HCl) aqueous solutions in the presence of added NaCl. Solution rheological studies revealed that PDMAEMA·HCl in an 80/20 w/w water/methanol cosolvent displayed polyelectrolyte behavior based on the scaling relationship between specific viscosity (ηsp) and concentration in the semidilute unentangled and semidilute entangled regimes. The entanglement concentration (Ce) increased with NaCl concentration due to screening of the electrostatic repulsive forces along the PDMAEMA·HCl backbone, which enabled the PDMAEMA·HCl chains to adopt a flexible, coillike conformation. Moreover, the scaling behavior in the semidilute entangled regime shifted from polyelectrolyte (ηsp ∼ C1.5) to neutral polymer behavior (ηsp ∼ C3.75) in the high salt limit. The electrospinning performance of PDMAEMA·HCl solutions was also dependent on NaCl concentra.
Tactile Human-Quadrotor Interaction: MetroDrone

Aerial robots such as quadrotors enjoy ever-increasing popularity and emerge in everyday applications that require user interaction. At immediate proximity, physical control of the quadrotor by touch may be desired or even necessary. In this paper we present a tactile 3D touch interaction scenario with a quadrotor by introducing virtual buttons whose operation is detected in the accelerometer data of the built-in Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) of the quadrotor. By dispensing with additional sensors, we are able to keep the size of the used quadrotor to a minimum and thus address the problem of users being discouraged from interaction with quadrotors at immediate proximity. As an example for the proposed interaction scenario, we introduce MetroDrone, a quadrotor responding to repeated user taps to virtually defined buttons by flying trajectories according to the beat and operated button. This introduces a minimalist interaction technique that requires no intermediary devices and strengthens human-robot connections through shared musical experience.