Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WALL MORPHOGENESIS IN COSCINODISCUS WAILESII GRAN AND ANGST. I. VALVE MORPHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT OF ITS ARCHITECTURE 1

The morphology of the valve of Coscinodiscus wailesii and the development of its siliceous architecture, studied in the SEM and TEM, is compared with valve formation in Thalassiosira eccentrica (Ehrenberg.) Cleve. Though the areolae‐architecture of these two species differs in such that the cribrum is proximal and the foramen distal in T. eccentrica, and in C. wailesii the cribrum is distal and the foramen proximal, the formation of their complex loculate system is similar, displacing a centrifugal growth pattern with respect to the valve, and a proximal to distal, sequentially. During base layer formation a hitherto undescribed rib system outlines the prospective areolae. The vertical differentiation is in principle the same as in T. eccentrica and also the cribra are formed centripetally in relation to the areolae in both species. The location of the cribra at the proximal or distal side, therefore, seems to be of minor importance for the sequence of silica deposition. Variation in girdle bands is discussed with respect to cell division. The prophasic nuclear migration from the interphase position to the girdle bands, where mitosis is performed, seems to be necessary for triggering the formation of the unilateral cleavage furrow that later forms a cleavage ring with excentric position. The divided nuclei migrate with the ingrowing cleavage furrow to the center of the newly created protoplasmic surfaces to initiate valve formation.
Exercise Training Improves Microvascular Function in Burn Injury Survivors

ABSTRACT Introduction Vasodilator function is impaired in individuals with well-healed burn injuries; however, therapeutic interventions that lessen or reverse this maladaptation are lacking. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a 6-month community-based exercise training program would increase microvascular dilator function in individuals with well-healed burn injuries, irrespective of the magnitude of the injured body surface area. Further, we hypothesize that macrovascular dilator function would remain unchanged posttraining. Methods Microvascular function (forearm reactive hyperemia), macrovascular function (brachial artery flow-mediated dilation), and the maximal vasodilatory response after ischemic handgrip exercise (an estimate of microvascular remodeling) were assessed before and after exercise training in nonburned control subjects (n = 11) and individuals with burn injuries covering a moderate body surface area (26% ± 7%; n = 13) and a high body surface area (59% ± 15%; n = 19). Results Peak vascular conductance and area under the curve during postocclusive reactive hyperemia increased from pretraining to posttraining in control and burn injury groups (both P < 0.05), the magnitude of which did not differ between groups (both P = 0.6). Likewise, the maximal vasodilatory response after ischemic handgrip exercise increased in all groups after exercise training (P < 0.05). Macrovascular dilator function did not differ across time or between groups (P = 0.8). Conclusions These data suggest that a community-based exercise training program improves microvascular function in individuals with well-healed burn injuries, which may be due in part to vascular remodeling.
Polymerase chain reaction based assay to detect allelic loss in human DNA: loss of β-interleron gene in chronic myelogeneous leukemia

We have developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based technique to detect allelic loss. In this differential PCR a target gene and a reference gene are coamplified in the same reaction vessel. The ratio of the intensity of the two resultant bands is an indication of relative gene dosage. This procedure is sensitive in that gene copy ratios of 2:1 and 3:2 (reference: target gene) can readily be detected. Using this differential PCR, we have examined 64 cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) for the loss of the beta 1-interferon gene, a relatively common event in certain human leukemias and lymphomas. Only one patient who was Philadelphia chromosome positive and who was in blast crisis exhibited allelic loss of the beta-interferon gene. Thus despite deletions at the beta-interferon locus in the CML cell line, K562, this perturbation is rarely seen in primary CML samples.
Utilization Of Digital Technology For Management Effectiveness Micro Small And Medium Enterprises

: The development of digital technology benefits business people and society as consumers in terms of accessing information, market opportunities, as well as the management of goods and business finance. The research objective is to find out how effective the management of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises using digital applications. The ADDIE approach (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) was used in this study. When compared with a manual system, the use of digital applications is more effective and efficient in business management. The results obtained that the use of accounting points of sale and inventory management are in the category of appropriate use in business management. This is based on the evaluation of the feasibility test, the results of expert validation and the assessment by MSME entrepreneurs.
Investigating materials and orientation parameters for the creation of a 3D musculoskeletal interface co-culture model

Abstract Musculoskeletal tissue interfaces are a common site of injury in the young, active populations. In particular, the interface between the musculoskeletal tissues of tendon and bone is often injured and to date, no single treatment has been able to restore the form and function of damaged tissue at the bone–tendon interface. Tissue engineering and regeneration hold great promise for the manufacture of bespoke in vitro models or implants to be used to advance repair and so this study investigated the material, orientation and culture choices for manufacturing a reproducible 3D model of a musculoskeletal interface between tendon and bone cell populations. Such models are essential for future studies focussing on the regeneration of musculoskeletal interfaces in vitro. Cell-encapsulated fibrin hydrogels, arranged in a horizontal orientation though a simple moulding procedure, were shown to best support cellular growth and migration of cells to form an in vitro tendon–bone interface. This study highlights the importance of acknowledging the material and technical challenges in establishing co-cultures and suggests a reproducible methodology to form 3D co-cultures between tendon and bone, or other musculoskeletal cell types, in vitro.
Effect of organic acids or fermentable carbohydrates on digestibility and nitrogen utilisation of urea-treated wheat straw in buffalo bulls

Influence of urea treated wheat straw (UTWS) ensiled with organic acids and fermentable carbohydrates on ruminal parameters, digestion kinetics, digestibility, and nitrogen (N) balance was studied in Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls fed restricted diets. Four diets having 50% UTWS ensiled with acetic acid (AD), formic acid (FD), acidified molasses (MD), and corn steep liquor (CD) were fed to ruminally cannulated bulls in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Higher ruminal ammonia N at 3 h post feeding was observed with AD and FD diets; however, at 9 and 12 h post feeding it was higher with MD and CD diets. Ruminal total volatile fatty acids and acetate concentrations were significantly higher with MD and CD diets than AD and FD diets. The ruminal degradability, rate of disappearance, and lag time of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were statistically higher with MD and CD diets than AD and FD diets. Total bacterial, viable, and cellulolytic ruminal counts were significantly higher in bulls fed CD and MD diets than AD and CD diets. The digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and acid detergent fibre was significantly higher in bulls fed CD and MD diets than AD and FD diets. The N retained out of N intake was higher in bulls fed CD and MD diets than those fed AD and FD diets. This study indicated that the UTWS ensiled with fermentable carbohydrates is of better feeding value for ruminants than UTWS ensiled with organic acids.
Multimodal Analytics to Understand Self-Regulation Process of Cognitive and Behavioral Strategies in Real-World Learning

SUMMARY Recent studies suggest that learning “how to learn” is important because learners must be self-regulated to take more responsibility for their own learning processes, meta-cognitive control, and other generative learning thoughts and behaviors. The mechanism that enables a learner to self-regulate his / her learning strategies has been actively studied in classroom settings, but has seldom been studied in the area of real-world learning in out-of-school settings (e.g., environmental learning in nature). A feature of real-world learning is that a learner’s cognition of the world is updated by his / her behavior to investigate the world, and vice versa. This paper models the mechanism of real-world learning for executing and self-regulating a learner’s cognitive and behavioral strategies to self-organize his / her internal knowledge space. Furthermore, this paper proposes multimodal analytics to integrate heterogeneous data resources of the cognitive and behavioral features of real-world learning, to structure and archive the time series of strategies occurring through learner-environment interactions, and to assess how learning should be self-regulated for better understanding of the world. Our analysis showed that (1) intellectual achievements are built by self-regulating learning to chain the execution of cognitive and behavioral strategies, and (2) a clue to predict learning outcomes in the world is analyzing the quantity and frequency of strategies that a learner uses and self-regulates. Assessment based on these ﬁndings can encourage a learner to reﬂect and improve his / her way of learning in the world.
Analysis of Rabin-p And HIME(R) Encryption Scheme on IoT Platform

This paper focuses on the implementation and analysis of the performance of the Rabin-p encryption scheme on the microprocessor platform. Rabin-p is an asymmetric cryptosystem that comes with simpler cryptographic properties than the Rabin cryptosystem. Rabin-p encryptionhas yet been tested on any IoT platform. The study tries to analyze the Rabin-p behavior instead of the algorithm optimization itself on the IoT platform. The algorithm of Rabin-p tested by utilizing the C-programming and implemented on a microprocessor system namely Raspberry Pi 3 model B. The Raspberry Pi 3 can be a multi-sensor in an IoT environment. The Rabin-p runtime taken to encrypt and decrypt as well as the power consumption is then compared with the performance of another Rabin variant, the HIME(R) encryption scheme. The result shows Rabin-p encryption scheme runtime is faster at 50% and current withdraw less at 1.3% compared to HIME(R).
The Fate of Nitrogen-15 Ammonium Sulfate Applied to Kentucky Bluegrass and Perennial Ryegrass Turfs

Turfgrasses that possess a spreading growth habit typically produce an organic layer, termed thatch, that has been shown to sequester significant quantities of applied nitrogen. This study was conducted to compare the fate of nitrogen in a thatchy Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and a non-thatch producing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) turf. The effects of sampling time and sampling depths on the distribution of labeled fertilizer nitrogen (LFN) were investigated. Ammonium sulfate was applied to 36 microplots installed in a Marlette sandy loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Glossoboric Hapluadalfs) at a rate of 293 kg ha -1 yr -1 in six equal applications of 48.8 kg N ha -1 , with the initial application containing 15 N-labeled (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . Four microplots from each turf species were excavated on 17 June, 6 July, and 10 Aug. 1994 and on 15 June 1995 for nitrogen analysis. Two days after treatment, the Kentucky bluegrass LFN recoveries in shoot tissue, thatch, and soil were 34, 38, and 20% of the total LFN applied. These values changed to 47, 20, and 9% at 365 DAT. For perennial ryegrass, the corresponding values were 25, 28, and 27% at 2 DAT and 43, 10, and 14% at 365 DAT. Thatch was a better N sink than mat, but mat also sequestered significant quantities of LFN. Some downward movement of LFN was observed, particularly in perennial ryegrass. The very small LFN concentrations found in the 20- to 40-cm soil layer confirms that leaching is not a major pathway for N loss from turf. Soil LFN was primarily found in the 0- to 5-cm soil layer and as organic nitrogen. These results indicate that while thatch is important in reducing N leaching in turf, the absence of thatch does not dramatically alter nitrogen dynamics in turf.
Digital Twin of Experimental Smart Manufacturing Assembly System for Industry 4.0 Concept

This article deals with the creation of a digital twin for an experimental assembly system based on a belt conveyor system and an automatized line for quality production check. The point of interest is a Bowden holder assembly from a 3D printer, which consists of a stepper motor, plastic components, and some fastener parts. The assembly was positioned in a fixture with ultra high frequency (UHF) tags and internet of things (IoT) devices for identification of status and position. The main task was parts identification and inspection, with the synchronization of all data to a digital twin model. The inspection system consisted of an industrial vision system for dimension, part presence, and errors check before and after assembly operation. A digital twin is realized as a 3D model, created in CAD design software (CDS) and imported to a Tecnomatix platform to simulate all processes. Data from the assembly system were collected by a programmable logic controller (PLC) system and were synchronized by an open platform communications (OPC) server to a digital twin model and a cloud platform (CP). Digital twins can visualize the real status of a manufacturing system as 3D simulation with real time actualization. Cloud platforms are used for data mining and knowledge representation in timeline graphs, with some alarms and automatized protocol generation. Virtual digital twins can be used for online optimization of an assembly process without the necessity to stop that is involved in a production line.
HAC: Enable High Efficient Access Control for Information-Centric Internet of Things

Information-centric networking (ICN) is regarded as a promising architecture for Internet of Things (ICN-IoT) and access control is one of the critical problems to enable secure ICN-IoT. This article proposes high efficient access control (HAC), a high efficient access control system for ICN-IoT. Specifically, HAC enables access control via an elaborate designed hierarchical key tree (HKT) mechanism based on the hierarchical naming scheme of ICN. The proposed HKT contains the hierarchical authority information and allow users to locally derive the key according to their needs, thus greatly decreasing the overhead in IoT’s many-to-many communication scenario. To ensure the security and efficiency of HKT, we further propose a level-oriented ciphertext policy attribute-based encryption (LOCP-ABE) algorithm such that users can only obtain the authority level according to their attributes, and also utilize the ICN’s receiver-driven model and the in-network caching mechanism to speed up the distribution efficiency. Moreover, an attribute-based command verification mechanism is used to improve the efficiency of command verification for resource-constrained and isolated IoT edge. We evaluate the proposed HAC by theoretical security analysis and real-world experiments. The theoretical analysis proves that the proposed HAC is secure and experiment results show that HAC can greatly improve the access control efficiency in ICN-IoT compared with the state of the art.
Competitive Interactions between Coyotes and San Joaquin Kit Foxes

Competitive interactions between coyotes ( Canis latrans ) and federally endangered San Joaquin kit foxes ( Vulpes macrotis mutica ) were investigated at the Naval Petroleum Reserves in California (NPRC) during 1984–1995. Coyotes and kit foxes used similar food items, indicating the potential for exploitative competition. Leporids were the primary prey for coyotes in all years, but small rodents were the primary prey for kit foxes in most years, although leporids were primary prey in other years. Coyotes were the main cause of mortality to kit foxes at NPRC, indicating that interference competition may be occurring. Population trends of kit foxes appeared to be strongly influenced by food availability, but competition from coyotes also may have affected population dynamics of kit foxes. Mechanisms employed by kit foxes, such as resource partitioning, greater dietary breadth, and year-round den use, may facilitate coexistence with coyotes. However, use of anthropogenic food sources by coyotes may intensify competitive interactions during periods of low prey availability.
Artificial Neural Network Topology Optimization using K-Fold Cross Validation for Spray Drying of Coconut Milk

In this study, the development of an optimized topology neural network model for spray drying coconut milk is investigated using K-fold cross validation technique. Performance between standalone ANN and ANN with K-fold cross validation is compared, as K-fold cross validation method is integrated into neural network to overcome the limitations of restricted dataset. With inlet temperature (140 °C-180 °C), concentration of maltodextrin and sodium caseinate (0 w/w %- 10w/w %) are established as the input parameters, while moisture content (3.64%-5.1%), outlet temperature (76.5 °C-104.5 °C) and surface free fat percentage (0.35%-34.51%) are the output parameters for the neural network. Experimental data from the spray drying process is used to develop the neural network. Selection from the best training algorithm (gradient descent backpropagation, gradient descent with momentum, resilience backpropagation, conjugate gradient backpropagation with Polak-Riebre restarts, conjugate gradient backpropagation with Fletcher-Reeves, scaled conjugate gradient, Broyden-Flectcher-Goldfard-Shanno backpropagation algorithm and Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation), transfer function (tansig, logsig, purelin and satlin), number of training runs (1000-5000), number of hidden layers (1-3) and nodes (5-15) have significant effect on the performance of the ANN models based on the lowest MSE values and R2 values. Overall, the optimum topology ANN model with k-fold cross validation outperformed the recorded lowest MSE value of 0.064 and highest R2 value of 0.855 compared to the optimum standalone ANN model with MSE value of 0.082 and R2 value of 0.832. The optimum ANN with K-fold cross validation implements the Levenberg-Marquart training algorithm with hyperbolic tangent sigmoid transfer function using 4500 times training runs with optimal topology configuration of 3-8-2-3. Result concludes that the developed neural network using K-fold cross validation represents the spray drying process as a highly reliable model with high degree of accuracy.
Statistical Modeling of Bilge Water Discharge from Ships During Normal Operation

This study estimated the amount of bilge water spilled from ships during normal operation and identified the contributing factors of the discharge by building a statistical model. To build the statistical model, we collected as much information as possible about the amount of bilge water in ships, then used the collected information to formulate a probability distribution of the discharge amount according to Bayesian statistics, and determined the parameters included in the model by applying a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. The analysis of those parameters shows that the integrated bilge treatment system (IBTS) primarily contributes to reductions in the discharge amount, and that the container-type ship is involved with especially large discharge amounts.
Effect of cyclical feeding on compensatory growth, nitrogen and phosphorus budgets in juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei

This study assessed the effect of cyclical feeding on compensatory growth, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) budgets of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. A 36-day growth trial was performed with four different feeding protocols. The control group (S0) was fed to satiation twice every day during the whole experimental period; treatment groups S1, S2 and S3 were fed by the 9, 5 and 3 cycles of 1:3, 2:5 and 3:9 (fasting days:feeding days) respectively. Fasting in S1, S2 and S3 groups did not change the specific growth rate in wet weight (SGRw), but the feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in comparison with control. The N and P consumed per unit wet weight gain of shrimp in S1, S2, S3 groups were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than control group by 15.39%, 15.96%, 19.33% for N, and 15.16%, 15.98%, 19.26% for P respectively. The total discharge of N and P (including N and P discharged by faeces (FN/P), non-faecal excretions (UN/P) and exuviations (EN/P); ) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the experiment groups by 19.91–22.07% for N and 18.68–26.37% for P respectively. Overall, the results suggest that the L. vannamei can reach completely compensatory growth, and the total discharge of N and P per unit wet weight gain of L. vannamei significantly decreased by cyclical feeding, which could have a positive effect on the reduced of environmental N and P loading due to the cultured of L. vannamei.
Evaluating Genetic Diversity Associated with Propagation‐Assisted Restoration of American Shad

Abstract: We investigated the conservation of genetic diversity during a restoration program for American shad (Alosa sapidissima) in Virginia ( U.S.A.). Restoration entailed capture of wild Pamunkey River shad broodstock followed by production and release of hatchery‐reared fry to supplement the nearly extinct James River shad population. To assess the baseline genetic diversity of donor and recipient populations, we used five tri‐ and tetra‐nucleotide microsatellite loci to test for genetic heterogeneity among yearly subsamples from both rivers and between early‐ and late‐spawning shad from the donor population. Tests for allelic heterogeneity between James River and Pamunkey shad subsamples yielded no significant genetic differentiation (χ 2 = 14.72, p = 0.132 and χ 2 = 10.24, p = 0.440, respectively). We detected no significant genetic divergence between early‐ and late‐spawning adults in Pamunkey River spawning aggregations in either year. The donor and recipient populations exhibited significant genetic differentiation (χ 2 = 27.4, p = 0.003), however, indicating that the stocking program carries a risk of outbreeding depression. Because the two river populations are genetically divergent, replenishment of the James population with Pamunkey fry may be detectable in the future as heterozygote deficits and linkage disequilibria in the James River population. In an analysis of broodstock and their hatchery‐reared progeny, microsatellites proved efficient for family analysis, unambiguously determining the parentage of 100% of the hatchery‐reared fry studied. Genetic analysis indicated that breeding procedures may result in high levels of reproductive variance.