Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
20S Proteasome as a Drug Target in Trichomonas vaginalis

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease with hundreds of millions of annual cases worldwide. Approved treatment options are limited to two related nitro-heterocyclic compounds, yet resistance to these drugs is an increasing concern. New antimicrobials against the causative agent, Trichomonas vaginalis, are urgently needed. ABSTRACT Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease with hundreds of millions of annual cases worldwide. Approved treatment options are limited to two related nitro-heterocyclic compounds, yet resistance to these drugs is an increasing concern. New antimicrobials against the causative agent, Trichomonas vaginalis, are urgently needed. We show here that clinically approved anticancer drugs that inhibit the proteasome, a large protease complex with a critical role in degrading intracellular proteins in eukaryotes, have submicromolar activity against the parasite in vitro and on-target activity against the enriched T. vaginalis proteasome in cell-free assays. Proteomic analysis confirmed that the parasite has all seven α and seven β subunits of the eukaryotic proteasome although they have only modest sequence identities, ranging from 28 to 52%, relative to the respective human proteasome subunits. A screen of proteasome inhibitors derived from a marine natural product, carmaphycin, revealed one derivative, carmaphycin-17, with greater activity against T. vaginalis than the reference drug metronidazole, the ability to overcome metronidazole resistance, and reduced human cytotoxicity compared to that of the anticancer proteasome inhibitors. The increased selectivity of carmaphycin-17 for T. vaginalis was related to its >5-fold greater potency against the β1 and β5 catalytic subunits of the T. vaginalis proteasome than against the human proteasome subunits. In a murine model of vaginal trichomonad infection, proteasome inhibitors eliminated or significantly reduced parasite burden upon topical treatment without any apparent adverse effects. Together, these findings validate the proteasome of T. vaginalis as a therapeutic target for development of a novel class of trichomonacidal agents.
Healthcare Professionals’ Perceptions and Concerns towards Domestic Violence during Pregnancy in Southern Italy

Background: Literature on pregnancy highlighted a large number of women abused by their partners, especially among low-income teenagers attending hospital for pregnancy check-ups. Pregnancy represents a key moment for diagnosing domestic violence. Method: This study explores health professionals’ perceptions and concerns about domestic violence against women in services dealing with pregnant women. The twenty-four interviewees were from an Obstetrical-Gynecological walk-in Clinic in the south of Italy. The textual data has been complementarily analyzed by means of two different procedures: Symbolic-structural semiotic analysis and Thematic content analysis. Results: What emerges is that the interviewees of the clinic do not regard the issue of domestic violence as a matter of direct interest for the health service. The clinic is seen as a place for urgent contact, but one where there is not enough time to dedicate to this kind of patient, nor an adequate space to care for and listen to them. Obstetricians and health personnel expressed a negative attitude when it comes to including questions regarding violence and abuse in pre-natal reports. Training for health and social professionals and the empowering of institutional support and networking practices are needed to increase awareness of the phenomenon among the gynecological personnel.
Structural Biology of Telomerase.

SUMMARYTelomerase is a DNA polymerase that extends the 3' ends of chromosomes by processively synthesizing multiple telomeric repeats. It is a unique ribonucleoprotein (RNP) containing a specialized telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase RNA (TER) with its own template and other elements required with TERT for activity (catalytic core), as well as species-specific TER-binding proteins important for biogenesis and assembly (core RNP); other proteins bind telomerase transiently or constitutively to allow association of telomerase and other proteins with telomere ends for regulation of DNA synthesis. Here we describe how nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography of TER and protein domains helped define the structure and function of the core RNP, laying the groundwork for interpreting negative-stain and cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) density maps of Tetrahymena thermophila and human telomerase holoenzymes. As the resolution has improved from ∼30 Å to ∼5 Å, these studies have provided increasingly detailed information on telomerase architecture and mechanism.
Divergence of duplicated genes by repeated partitioning of splice forms and subcellular localization.

Gene duplication is a prominent and recurrent process in plant genomes. Among the possible fates of duplicated genes, subfunctionalization refers to duplicates taking on different parts of the function or expression pattern of the ancestral gene. This partitioning could be accompanied by changes in subcellular localization of the protein products. We propose that when alternative splicing of gene products leads to protein products with different subcellular localizations, after gene duplication there will be partitioning of the alternatively spliced forms such that the products of each duplicate are localized to only one of the original locations which we refer to as sub-localization. We identified the plastid ascorbate peroxidase (cpAPX) genes across angiosperms and analyzed their duplication history, alternative splicing, and subcellular targeting patterns, to identify cases of sub-localization. We found angiosperms typically have one cpAPX gene that generates both thylakoidal APX (tAPX) and stromal APX (sAPX) through alternative splicing. We identified several independent lineage-specific sub-localization cases with specialized paralogs of tAPX and sAPX. We determined that the sub-localization happened through two types of sequence evolution patterns. Our findings suggest that the divergence through sub-localization is key to the retention of paralogous cpAPX genes in angiosperms. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Makalesi DECHLORINATION OF CHLORINE FROM 2-CHLOROPHENOL WITH TRAMETES VERSICOLOR CRUDE LACCASE

In this study, chlorine from 2-chlorophenol was removed with crude laccase enzyme produced from Trametes versicolor ATCC (200801) grown in PDB culture including wheat straw. Effects of pH value, substrate concentration, enzyme amount, contact time and temperature on dechlorination were examined. Besides, dissolved oxygen consumption was followed simultaneously dechlorination and the decrease was observed. A change in toxicity of 2-chlorophenol under determined optimum conditions was monitored through Microtox. Also, after the dechlorination of 2-chlorophenol, changes in chemical structure of 2chlorophenol was determined with FTIR analysis. Optimum dechlorination conditions of 2-chlorophenol have been determined as pH 4.0, substrat concentration 150μM, enzyme amount 4 ml, contact time 15 min and temperature 40 °C. During dechlorination studies, decrease of oxygen amounts in the reaction medium and not altering the results after catalase addition to experiment medium have been made us think that responsible enzyme dechlorination of 2-chlorophenol is laccase.
Quantification of the impact of cooking processes on indoor concentrations of volatile organic species and primary and secondary organic aerosols

Abstract Cooking is recognized as an important source of particulate pollution in indoor and outdoor environments. We conducted more than 100 individual experiments to characterize the particulate and non‐methane organic gas emissions from various cooking processes, their reaction rates, and their secondary organic aerosol yields. We used this emission data to develop a box model, for simulating the cooking emission concentrations in a typical European home and the indoor gas‐phase reactions leading to secondary organic aerosol production. Our results suggest that about half of the indoor primary organic aerosol emission rates can be explained by cooking. Emission rates of larger and unsaturated aldehydes likely are dominated by cooking while the emission rates of terpenes are negligible. We found that cooking dominates the particulate and gas‐phase air pollution in non‐smoking European households exceeding 1000 μg m−3. While frying processes are the main driver of aldehyde emissions, terpenes are mostly emitted due to the use of condiments. The secondary aerosol production is negligible with around 2 μg m−3. Our results further show that ambient cooking organic aerosol concentrations can only be explained by super‐polluters like restaurants. The model offers a comprehensive framework for identifying the main parameters controlling indoor gas‐ and particle‐phase concentrations.
Progestin primed ovarian stimulation improves the outcomes of IVF/ICSI cycles in infertile women with diminished ovarian reserve.

BACKGROUND Ovarian stimulation with clomiphene (CC) or progestin has been applied for patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). However, it remains unclear which treatment confers greater benefits. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of progestin-primed ovarian stimulation protocol(PPOS)versus CC-primed ovarian stimulation (CPOS) in infertile women with DOR. METHODS A before-and-after self-controlled study was conducted to retrospectively investigate the data from 50 infertile women with DOR who failed to conceive in their first IVF/ICSI-FET cycle when stimulated with CPOS, and switched to PPOS, in the Reproductive Medicine Center of Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital. RESULTS Our results showed that PPOS significantly suppressed the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge and yielded more satisfactory results in patients with DOR, including increased number of retrieved oocytes, MII mature oocytes, normal fertilized oocytes, cleaved embryos, high-grade embryos, cryopreserved embryos, pregnancy rate, live-birth rate, and decreased miscarriage rates. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that compared with CPOS protocol, PPOS protocol could not only suppress the LH surge but also improved the quantity, particular the quality of oocytes in patients with DOR, suggesting that PPOS treatment is more effective than CPOS for patients with DOR.
Virtual setup : application in orthodontic practice Virtuelles Setup : Anwendung in der kieferorthopädischen Praxis

Background A plaster dental model is a patient’s traditional three-dimensional (3D) record. If the dental crowns from a plaster model are separated and positioned in wax, this setup of the crowns can be used to simulate orthodontic treatment. The traditional way to make this dental setup requires significant time by the orthodontist and in the orthodontic lab. New developments in dentistry and orthodontics include the possibility of virtual setups. Aim In this article, the differences between conventional setups with plaster models and virtual setups are discussed. Methods A clinical patient is described for whom two different setups were made and compared by model superimposition with Geomagic Qualify software. Results According to the literature and the results from this study, virtual setups and conventional setups with plaster models are equally accurate. Conclusion Virtual setups present several advantages, e.g., digital storage, digital models cannot be damaged, the same model can undergo several treatment simulations, and communication between dental and surgical professionals and between dental professionals and patients is facilitated. Despite these advantages, considerable time and training are needed for dental professionals to master and adopt the general use of digital models and virtual setups in dentistry.
Methods of Modern Lifing Concepts Implemented in On-Board Life Usage Monitoring Systems

Modern lifing concepts for fracture critical parts include safe crack initiation life and safe crack propagation life. In military aero engine applications, a portion of the safe crack propagation life is more and more utilised to extend the usage period beyond the limits set by the concept of safe crack initiation life. To really use the benefits of such life extension without reduction of flight safety, it is essential that all engines involved are monitored with respect to individual life consumption. Thus, on-board life usage monitoring systems need to address the crack propagation phase in the same manner as the crack initiation phase.
Learning High-dimensional Directed Acyclic Graphs with Mixed Data-types

In recent years, great strides have been made for causal structure learning in the high-dimensional setting and in the mixed data-type setting when there are both discrete and continuous variables. However, due to the complications involved with modeling continuous-discrete variable interactions, the intersection of these two settings has been relatively understudied. The current paper explores the problem of efficiently extending causal structure learning algorithms to high-dimensional data with mixed data-types. First, we characterize a model over continuous and discrete variables. Second, we derive a degenerate Gaussian (DG) score for mixed data-types and discuss its asymptotic properties. Lastly, we demonstrate the practicality of the DG score on learning causal structures from simulated data sets.
Factors secreted from high glucose treated endothelial cells impair expansion and differentiation of human skeletal muscle satellite cells

Cellular communication occurs between endothelial cells and skeletal muscle satellite cells and is mitogenic for both cell types under normal conditions. Skeletal muscle atrophy and endothelial cell dysfunction occur in tandem in cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes and ageing. The present study investigated how induction of endothelial cell dysfunction via high glucose treatment impacts growth and differentiation of human skeletal muscle satellite cells in vitro. Secreted factors from high glucose treated endothelial cells impaired satellite cell expansion and differentiation via decreased proliferation and dysregulation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase in satellite cells committed to myogenesis. These findings highlight a novel potential role for endothelial cells in the development and pathology of skeletal muscle atrophy, which is common in patients with endothelial dysfunction related pathologies.
Northwestern Polytechnical University Team Entry for the 2012 AUVSI International Aerial Robotics Competition 1 June 2012

The Icarus-UAV project stresses on building an autonomous air vehicle in confined environment with relatively low cost and simple structure. The vehicle is based on a 4-rotor flight, with an FPGA as the central processing unit and transfers all necessary data to the remote workstation. The vehicle plays a role as a data collector and command executor thus avoiding extra computation unit for the vehicle. A SLAM algorithm is used for navigation with the help of Laser-3D environment remodeling unit. A smart coding pattern enables the Icarus-UAV team to program at a more abstract level for specific mission. These features enable the Icarus-UAV to execute the 6th mission of the International Aerial Robotics Competition.
UWB based Positioning by Chunguang Jiang and

Radio-based positioning is an exciting area with various applications ranging from coarse localization using received signal strengths in cellular systems to precise localization and tracking using ultra wideband (UWB) technology. Time-based positioning systems, often based on UWB, typically need precise synchronization between target nodes and reference nodes for the position estimates. In this thesis, sensor localization using UWB signals in an unsynchronized scenario is studied. Based on the time of arrival of multipath components for different receivers, the positions of the nodes can be estimated without synchronization between them. Three outdoor measurements have been conducted. The resulting positioning errors in the centimeter range show that it is possible to do precise localization with unsynchronized nodes.
United States Patent

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LC–ESI-MS profile, antioxidant activity and cytotoxic screening of Oligomeris linifolia (Vahl) Macbr. (Resedaceae) -

LC-ESI-MS analysis was investigated for the n-butanol, methanol and water fractions of Oligomeris linifolia, which leads to the identification of twenty-one compounds, among them sixteen compounds were firstly reported from this plant and five compounds were identified previously. Butanol and methanol fractions showed higher antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 10. 37μg /ml, 31. 07μg /ml, respectively, compared with that of the standard; Trolox (33.55μg/ml, for DPPH method). However, water fraction showed lower activity (IC50: 91.86 μg/ml). The three fractions were also screened for their cytotoxicity and showed weak effect against HCT116, A549 and MCF7 at 100 mg/ml and no effect against HEPG2.
The effect of formaldehyde on the renal cortex of adult male albino rats and possible protective role of vitamin C

Most of the people are exposed to formaldehyde. Vitamin C is a strong antioxidant that reduces reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. This study aimed to investigate the changes that occur in the renal cortex of adult male albino rats after formaldehyde administration and the possible protective effects of vitamin C. Forty-five adult male albino rats were divided randomly into three main groups. Group I (control groups) included 3 subgroups: (Ia), (Ib) and (Ic) which received no treatment, distilled water intraperitoneally and vitamin C (100 mg/kg /bwt) for 2 weeks respectively. Group ΙΙ (formaldehyde group) contained 9 rats, which were injected intraperitoneally with formaldehyde (10 mg/kg /bwt) for 2 weeks. Group IΙΙ (formaldehyde and vitamin C group) contained 9 rats that were received formaldehyde concomitantly vitamin C by same method mentioned before. At the end of the experiment, all animals were sacrificed. Kidney specimens were dissected out and processed for histopathological and immunohistochemistry examination. The results showed that formaldehyde exposure induced many histological changes in the renal cortex as hypertrophied, segmentation of glomeruli, degenerative changes of the convoluted tubules and dilatation of their lumens. On the other hand, vitamin C improved the state of oxidative stress as evidenced by inducible nitric oxide synthase immunohistochemistry and by Mallory trichrome staining. Statistical morphometric analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the area of tubules and in the height of epithelium of the tubules between control, formaldehyde treated group and formaldehyde and vitamin C treated group.
EURASIAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT

The intense competitive environment does not allow non-innovative businesses to create sustainable competitive advantage. To survive, businesses must possess information-based assets that can not be imitated by their competitors, and they must restructure them to suit changing conditions of the day. In this study, businesses constantly communicate with other businesses, organizations and people in their environment and share information; all elements of the network co-ordinated to produce unique or significantly improved products and processes that can be marketed in a common objective; they create the highest value compared to their competitors so they are scrutinizing the codes of achieving sustainable competitive advantage. The increasing variability, uncertainty, and increasing cost of environmental conditions today require that innovation efforts not be limited within the enterprise. This situation; innovation efforts have led to the concept of open innovation, which is continued through the realization of communication and information sharing with other businesses and individuals. On the other hand, these conditions are for businesses to cooperate with each other; it also forces them to create value networks. Network organizations, virtual organizations, outsourcing from contemporary management approaches are examples of these collaborations. Especially one of the sources of product innovation is the design. Design has the potential to create unique products on the market as an important means of innovation. The need for effective and efficient use of design resources to unite the concepts of design and management in one pot and to contribute to the achievement of the enterprise's goals has led to the concept of design management. In the conclusion of the report, new perspectives for the future will be reflected and assessed in relation to more effective use and development of design management, open innovation and value networks in enterprises to create a competitive advantage.
The good and the bad – epilepsy in film and literature

CHRISTER MJÅSET E-mail: chrmja@gmail.com Department of Neurosurgery Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet Christer Mjåset (born 1973), assistant registrar in neurosurgery at Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet. He is also a writer of fiction and has published two collections of short stories and two novels. In his novel The doctor who knew too much (2008), the protagonist is a doctor who suffers from epilepsy. The author has completed the ICMJE form and declares no conflicts of interest.