Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
White (but Not Black) Americans Continue to See Racism as a Zero-Sum Game; White Conservatives (but Not Moderates or Liberals) See Themselves as Losing

In a 2011 article in this journal entitled “Whites See Racism as a Zero-Sum Game That They Are Now Losing” (Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 215–218), Norton and Sommers assessed Black and White Americans’ perceptions of anti-Black and anti-White bias across the previous 6 decades—from the 1950s to the 2000s. They presented two key findings: White (but not Black) respondents perceived decreases in anti-Black bias to be associated with increases in anti-White bias, signaling the perception that racism is a zero-sum game; White respondents rated anti-White bias as more pronounced than anti-Black bias in the 2000s, signaling the perception that they were losing the zero-sum game. We collected new data to examine whether the key findings would be evident nearly a decade later and whether political ideology would moderate perceptions. Liberal, moderate, and conservative White (but not Black) Americans alike believed that racism is a zero-sum game. Liberal White Americans saw racism as a zero-sum game they were winning by a lot, moderate White Americans saw it as a game they were winning by only a little, and conservative White Americans saw it as a game they were losing. This work has clear implications for public policy and behavioral science and lays the groundwork for future research that examines to what extent racial differences in perceptions of racism by political ideology are changing over time.
A flexible 5G RAN architecture with dynamic baseband split distribution and configurable optical transport

In a Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) architecture, different baseband processing functions (BPFs) splits options are available on the interface between the central unit (CU) and the radio units (RUs) [1]. A lower layer split, e.g., low-physical (PHY), can support advanced radio coordination techniques, for example Joint Reception (JR) Coordinated MultiPoint (JR-CoMP) [2]. However, the interface between low-PHY and the rest of the BPF chain (i.e., referred to as enhanced Common Public Radio Interface - eCPRI [3]) requires a high-capacity transport. With a higher layer split, e.g., between the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) and the Radio Link Control layer (RLC), the transport capacity required on the interface between RLC and PDCP (i.e., referred to as F1 [1][4]) is lower than for eCPRI. However, with this split it is difficult to implement advanced radio coordination functions. The choice of BPF split and consequently the transport capacity requirements are determined by the RUs' radio coordination needs [1][5].
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is capable of healing a case of bone marrow aplasia following CAR-T cell therapy in a lymphoma patient

Ginevra Lolli, Margherita Ursi, Michele Dicataldo, Beatrice Casadei, Gianluca Storci , Lisa Argnani , Francesca Bonifazi and Pier Luigi Zinzani IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Ser agnoli”, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Universit a di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Azienda-Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Examining Factors Associated With Minority Turnover Intention in State and Local Public Health Organizations: The Moderating Role of Race in the Relationship Among Supervisory Support, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intention

Context: There is a need to understand minority governmental public health workforce turnover to ensure the retention of public health minority workers, capitalize on diversity benefits, and enhance public health's capacity to serve diverse populations. Objective: This study assesses the moderating effect of minority health workers' race on (1) the relationship between the workforce environment, particularly employees' perceptions of their pay and supervisory support on job satisfaction, and (2) the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intentions. Design: Using the 2017 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey (PH WINS), a cross-sectional survey of the public health workforce, a hierarchical logistic regression modeling technique was used to assess the moderating role of race on the relationship between supervisory support, pay and job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. Setting and Participants: The PH WINS survey data from state and local health department employees. Main Outcome Measure: Job satisfaction, pay, supervisory support, and turnover intention. Results: Job satisfaction was found to mediate the relationship between the work environment factors of pay satisfaction and supervisory support and turnover. Our findings also suggest that while race moderates the influence of compensation and supervisory support on job satisfaction, race has no moderating effect on the job satisfaction-turnover intentions relationship. Conclusions: A focus on boosting job satisfaction, particularly through pay equity and perceived support, may reduce turnover among minority public health personnel.
Hyper-acceleration and HW/SW co-verification an essential

Hardware/software (HW/SW) co-veriﬁcationcan considerably shorten the time requiredfor system integration and bring-up. But co-veriﬁcation is limited by the simulation speedachievable whenever hardware models arerequired to verify hardware and softwareinteractions. Although the use of a general-purpose hardware accelerator as an extremelyfast simulator resolves performance aspects,it generates a new set of handling, efﬁciency,and serviceability demands. This paperdescribes a means for addressing thosedemands through the use of one of the largesthyper-acceleration systems created thus far, anddescribes many new associated features thathave been implemented in operating software.Introduction
Clinical and histopathological analyses of kidney biopsies in a single center for 7 years

Kidney biopsy is the most important tool for diagnosing kidney disease and can be helpful in determining treatment and prognosis. Pathological spectra vary by country, region, race, sex, and age. We are the first to investigate the pathological spectrum of biopsy-proven kidney disease in Gyeongnam province of South Korea. We retrospectively analyzed 631 patients who underwent a kidney biopsy between 2013 and 2019 at Gyeongsang National University Hospital. The mean age of the 631 patients was 51.5 ± 18.1 years, and 361 patients (57.2%) were male. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate by serum creatinine (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration [CKD-EPI]) was 68.0 ± 45.7 mL/min/1.73 m2. The mean systolic blood pressure was higher in 2017, 2018, and 2019 than in 2013 (P = .002). Hypertension (47.4%) was the most common comorbid disease, followed by diabetes (18.2%) and dyslipidemia (10.9%). Common clinical syndromes at the time of biopsy were renal insufficiency (42.0%) and nephrotic syndrome (33.9%). The prevalence of primary and secondary glomerular disease and tubulointerstitial disease were 71.4%, 16.9%, and 5.4%, respectively. Immunoglobulin A nephropathy was the most common primary glomerular disease (34.9%). Diabetic nephropathy was the most common secondary glomerular disease, followed by lupus nephritis. Tubulointerstitial disease was underestimated, as in other reports. Our data can be a useful reference for diagnosing kidney disease and understanding the patients in our province.
Target-oriented shot-prole one-way wave equation inversion

Least-squares shot-prole inversion could improve image amplitudes while remaining consistent with the data. This could be done efciently by approximating the scalar twoway wave-equation operator by two one-way wave-equation operators: one for the source waveeld and the other for the receiver waveeld. In addition, a target-oriented scheme could help reduce the computation time. Instead of recursively computing the Green functions at each depth step for each inversion iteration, the Green functions from the surface to a target and from the target to the surface could be calculated and stored in the rst iteration. In the subsequent iterations, the Green functions are retrieved from the disk.
Early-Phase 18F-Florbetapir and 18F-Flutemetamol Images as Proxies of Brain Metabolism in a Memory Clinic Setting

Visual Abstract Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathologic changes are β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, pathologic tau, and neurodegeneration. Dual-phase amyloid PET might be able to evaluate Aβ deposition and neurodegeneration with a single tracer injection. Early-phase amyloid PET scans provide a proxy for cerebral perfusion, which has shown good correlations with neural dysfunction measured through metabolic consumption, whereas the late frames depict amyloid distribution. Our study aimed to assess the comparability between early-phase amyloid PET scans and 18F-FDG PET brain topography at the individual level and their ability to discriminate patients. Methods: One hundred sixty-six subjects evaluated at the Geneva Memory Center, ranging from no cognitive impairment to mild cognitive impairment and dementia, underwent early-phase amyloid PET—using either 18F-florbetapir (eFBP) (n = 94) or 18F-flutemetamol (eFMM) (n = 72)—and 18F-FDG PET. Aβ status was assessed. SUV ratios (SUVRs) were extracted to evaluate the correlation of eFBP/eFMM and their respective 18F-FDG PET scans. The single-subject procedure was applied to investigate hypometabolism and hypoperfusion maps and their spatial overlap by the Dice coefficient. Receiver-operating-characteristic analyses were performed to compare the discriminative power of eFBP/eFMM and 18F-FDG PET SUVR in AD-related meta–regions of interest between Aβ-negative healthy controls and cases in the AD continuum. Results: Positive correlations were found between eFBP/eFMM and 18F-FDG PET SUVR independently of Aβ status and Aβ radiotracer (R > 0.72, P < 0.001). eFBP/eFMM single-subject analysis revealed clusters of significant hypoperfusion with good correspondence to hypometabolism topographies, independently of the underlying neurodegenerative patterns. Both eFBP/eFMM and 18F-FDG PET SUVR significantly discriminated AD patients from controls in the AD-related meta–regions of interest (eFBP area under the curve [AUC], 0.888; eFMM AUC, 0.801), with 18F-FDG PET performing slightly better, although not significantly (all P values higher than 0.05), than others (18F-FDG AUC, 0.915 and 0.832 for subjects evaluated with eFBP and eFMM, respectively). Conclusion: The distribution of perfusion was comparable to that of metabolism at the single-subject level by parametric analysis, particularly in the presence of a high neurodegeneration burden. Our findings indicate that eFBP and eFMM imaging can replace 18F-FDG PET imaging, as they reveal typical neurodegenerative patterns or allow exclusion of the presence of neurodegeneration. The findings show cost-saving capacities of amyloid PET and support routine use of the modality for individual classification in clinical practice.
The role of CD101-expressing CD4 T cells in HIV/SIV pathogenesis and persistence

Despite the advent of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to pose major challenges, with extensive pathogenesis during acute and chronic infection prior to ART initiation and continued persistence in a reservoir of infected CD4 T cells during long-term ART. CD101 has recently been characterized to play an important role in CD4 Treg potency. Using the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) model of HIV infection in rhesus macaques, we characterized the role and kinetics of CD101+ CD4 T cells in longitudinal SIV infection. Phenotypic analyses and single-cell RNAseq profiling revealed that CD101 marked CD4 Tregs with high immunosuppressive potential, distinct from CD101- Tregs, and these cells also were ideal target cells for HIV/SIV infection, with higher expression of CCR5 and α4β7 in the gut mucosa. Notably, during acute SIV infection, CD101+ CD4 T cells were preferentially depleted across all CD4 subsets when compared with their CD101- counterpart, with a pronounced reduction within the Treg compartment, as well as significant depletion in mucosal tissue. Depletion of CD101+ CD4 was associated with increased viral burden in plasma and gut and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines. While restored during long-term ART, the reconstituted CD101+ CD4 T cells display a phenotypic profile with high expression of inhibitory receptors (including PD-1 and CTLA-4), immunsuppressive cytokine production, and high levels of Ki-67, consistent with potential for homeostatic proliferation. Both the depletion of CD101+ cells and phenotypic profile of these cells found in the SIV model were confirmed in people with HIV on ART. Overall, these data suggest an important role for CD101-expressing CD4 T cells at all stages of HIV/SIV infection and a potential rationale for targeting CD101 to limit HIV pathogenesis and persistence, particularly at mucosal sites.
Conversion of inhomogeneous robin boundary conditions into virtual sources for wave motions and heat conduction

In vibration engineering, the differential equations of wave motions and heat conduction are usually accompanied by inhomogeneous boundary conditions in practice. Boundary inhomogeneity makes the dynamics essentially nonlinear, which prevents Hilbert space from being applied for modal decomposition. To deal with this difficulty, this paper does not treat boundary inhomogeneity as a “condition”, but almost converts it into a virtual source in conjunction with homogeneous boundary. This conversion counts mostly on the Laplace-Galerkin transform, a functional tool developed in previous works. We also explore boundary topology of this virtual-source conversion, and find that its strategy is to zero the environment and simultaneously create a spatially impulsive source on the homogeneous boundary, yielding almost the same solution. In one-dimensional region, such a boundary source takes the form of Dirac delta function usually combined by its derivatives. In a sense, this paper catches how Nature really handles boundary conditions.
Postoperative assessment and management of metallosis and periprosthetic osteolysis in patients treated with metal-on-polyethylene total wrist prostheses

We analysed the relationship between serum metal ions, radiological periprosthetic osteolysis and the clinical features in a series of 25 patients treated with fourth-generation metal-on-polyethylene total wrist prostheses. The mean implant follow-up was 7 years. Our results show that titanium was the main elevated serum metal ion in patients with the prostheses that we used; elevated serum cobalt or chromium values were infrequent. The risk of loosening was higher in an implant older than 6 years, with more than five periprosthetic osteolysis points according to our radiograph zone system, and serum titanium values between 26 to 31 µg/L. The presence of metallosis pseudotumours does not guarantee but increases the risk of implant failure, which may be asymptomatic or associated with little pain. Level of evidence: IV
The Influence of Linguistic Agency and Causality Attribution in Support-seeking about Depression on Perceived Stigma and Support Messages

This experiment examined how two language features—linguistic agency and assignment of causality—of online support-seekers’ messages regarding depression influenced viewers’ perceived stigma and features of their support messages. Participants (N = 254) read and responded to an online support-seeking post about depression. Our results revealed that personal stigma toward a depressed individual was lower when the individual disclosed a biological cause for the depression and assigned agency to depression than agency to human. Additionally, when agency was assigned to depression with a biological rather than non-biological cause, more positive emotion words were utilized in participants’ response posts. Cognitive process words were used more often in response to messages with non-biological causality than biological causality.
Automated sleep staging algorithms: have we reached the performance limit due to manual scoring?

Sleep is essential for life, but its measurement has a brief his-tory in evolutionary terms. The most widely accepted way of measuring sleep is via sleep stages derived from analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG) which was first introduced by Loomis et al. [1] in 1937. Loomis et al. observed the continual changes of stages during sleep and identified five stages with the letters A-E with A containing trains of alpha waves, B sections of low voltage, C containing spindles, D containing spindles plus random potentials, and E containing random potentials only. Rapid eye movement
Enhanced Feedback Inhibition Due to Increased Recruitment of Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons and Enhanced Cortical Recurrent Excitation in a Genetic Mouse Model of Migraine

Migraine is a complex brain disorder, characterized by attacks of unilateral headache and global dysfunction in multisensory information processing, whose underlying cellular and circuit mechanisms remain unknown. The finding of enhanced excitatory, but unaltered inhibitory, neurotransmission at cortical synapses between pyramidal cells (PCs) and fast-spiking interneurons (FS INs) in mouse models of familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) suggested the hypothesis that dysregulation of the excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) balance in specific circuits is a key pathogenic mechanism. Here, we investigated the cortical layer 2/3 (L2/3) feedback inhibition microcircuit involving somatostatin-expressing (SOM) INs in FHM1 mice of both sexes carrying a gain-of-function mutation in CaV2.1. Unitary inhibitory neurotransmission at SOM IN-PC synapses was unaltered while excitatory neurotransmission at both PC-SOM IN and PC-PC synapses was enhanced, because of increased probability of glutamate release, in FHM1 mice. Short-term synaptic depression was enhanced at PC-PC synapses while short-term synaptic facilitation was unaltered at PC-SOM IN synapses during 25-Hz repetitive activity. The frequency-dependent disynaptic inhibition (FDDI) mediated by SOM INs was enhanced, lasted longer and required shorter high-frequency bursts to be initiated in FHM1 mice. These findings, together with previous evidence of enhanced disynaptic feedforward inhibition by FS INs, suggest that the increased inhibition may effectively counteract the increased recurrent excitation in FHM1 mice and may even prevail in certain conditions. Considering the involvement of SOM INs in γ oscillations, surround suppression and context-dependent sensory perception, the facilitated recruitment of SOM INs, together with the enhanced recurrent excitation, may contribute to dysfunctional sensory processing in FHM1 and possibly migraine. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Migraine is a complex brain disorder, characterized by attacks of unilateral headache and global dysfunction in multisensory information processing, whose underlying cellular and circuit mechanisms remain unknown, although dysregulation of the excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) balance in specific circuits could be a key pathogenic mechanism. Here, we provide insights into these mechanisms by investigating the cortical feedback inhibition microcircuit involving somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SOM INs) in a mouse model of a rare monogenic migraine. Despite unaltered inhibitory synaptic transmission, the disynaptic feedback inhibition mediated by SOM INs was enhanced in the migraine model because of enhanced recruitment of the INs. Recurrent cortical excitation was also enhanced. These alterations may contribute to context-dependent sensory processing dysfunctions in migraine.
Reply

To the Editor: Dr. Yun and colleagues are to be commended for their elegant observational study of the effect of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity on the chance of hospitalized infection (1). They found that disease activity increases the risk of hospitalized infection and identified an independent effect of other factors, including glucocorticoids (GCs) with a dose effect. I’m interested in disentangling the effects of GCs from that of disease activity. The two, of course, have a complicated relationship, which leads to confounding by indication in most, if not all, observational studies on the adverse effects of GCs (2). This dataset has potential to study the relationship in more detail. The problem I see is twofold, cross-sectionally and longitudinally. In the first example we can observe two patients with the same disease activity. One patient has been prescribed a GC and the other has not. The patient taking the GC has a “hidden” higher level of disease activity that would only become apparent if the medication were stopped. In the second example, we can observe a patient with stable disease activity but an underlying unstable dose of GC. In this case we are seeing a patient with a varying disease activity level masked by the changes in the GC dose. In both cases, simply controlling for disease activity and GC dose (by including them as factor in the model) does not solve this problem. Quite apart from this, RA patients taking GCs may be regarded as having more severe disease, possibly introducing the same kind of heterogeneity in the study population that led the authors to exclude patients with high disease activity. If I understand it correctly, the analysis included GC dose as a time-varying factor, but perhaps the authors should explore introducing a lag period so changes in disease activity after dose adjustments are better reflected. Also, it would be interesting to introduce an interaction term (GC dose × disease activity) to account for their interdependence. This could result in a more accurate “pure” GC effect that is less confounded by indication. Of course, the only real way to prevent confounding by indication is to do a trial. In our recent Glucocorticoid LOw-dose in RheumatoId Arthritis (GLORIA) trial, we found a limited risk of 5 mg/day prednisolone in RA patients ages >65 years, but we did confirm the finding of increased risk of infection (3). In fact, the relative risk for infection classified as a serious adverse event (mostly for hospitalization) in the GC group was 1.62 compared to placebo, almost identical to the 1.61 found in the study by Yun et al. Author disclosures are available at https://onlinelibrary.wiley. com/ action/downloadSupplement? doi=10.1002%2Facr.25071&file=acr25071sup-0001-Disclosureform.pdf.