Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Greater Sage‐Grouse Response to the Physical Footprint of Energy Development

Energy infrastructure and associated habitat loss can lead to reduced reproductive rates for a variety of species including the greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). Our goal was to refine our understanding of how the physical footprint of energy development relates to sage‐grouse nest and brood survival. Our survival analyses were conditional upon the amount of surface disturbance female sage‐grouse were exposed to during reproductive stages. We quantified levels of exposure and compared them to the surface disturbance levels of the surrounding area. From 2008–2014, we collected data in 6 study areas in Wyoming, USA, containing 4 primary types of renewable and nonrenewable energy development. Our research focused on press disturbance (i.e., disturbance sustained after initial disturbance and associated with existing energy infrastructure and human activity). Our results suggest exposure to press disturbance during nesting and brood‐rearing was related to lower nest and brood survival, which manifested at different spatial scales. Our analysis of nest survival suggested that the likelihood of a successful nest was negatively associated with the amount of press disturbance within an 8‐km2 area. Broods exposed to any press disturbance within a 1‐km area were less likely to survive compared to broods not exposed to press disturbance. Female sage‐grouse consistently used habitat with lower disturbance levels during reproductive periods. Greater than 90% of nest and brood‐rearing locations were in habitat with <3% press disturbance within a 2.7‐km area. Our research links surface disturbance associated with press disturbance to reproductive costs incurred by sage‐grouse exposed to diverse energy development. Our results demonstrate a pattern of female avoidance of areas where press disturbance was high during nesting and brood‐rearing and survival of nests and broods were highest in areas that had the least amount of disturbance. Our findings underscore the importance of minimizing disturbance to maintain viable sage‐grouse populations. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Direct Position Determination of Moving Sources Based on Delay and Doppler

In this paper, we address the problem of direct position determination (DPD) for moving sources. Different from traditional two-step localization methods where the intermediate time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) parameters are estimated and used for the subsequent moving source localization, in this paper the locations and velocities of moving sources are estimated directly from the received signals. To address the difficulty of estimating the high-dimensional unknown parameters simultaneously, a new multiple particle filter based DPD method is proposed, where the position and velocity are updated alternately using separate local particle filters. The proposed method requires smaller particle numbers compared to the classic particle filters, and its convergence is proved both theoretically and numerically. Moreover, the Cramér Rao lower bound for the considered moving source DPD is developed. Simulation results corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of computational efficiency and estimation accuracy.
AN IMPACT OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS (M&A) TO ACHIEVE INEXPENSIVE ADVANTAGE IN THE ECONOMY OF BAHRAIN

The persistence of this paper is to assess the impact of Merger and Acquisition on the economy of Bahrain. The experiential research methodology is built on quantitative method by using online questionnaire and expressive statistics using the weighted average mean. The performance of an acquisition is measured by questionnaire distributed using selective sample technique to Head of Departments and executive management. The acquisitions were divided into three domains: Motives, Post-acquisition management and critical factors affecting the economy of Bahrain. The result of this research associates that the so-called planned and structural fit between companies complicated in M&A play an important role in refining the operative performance of the developed companies in the post-acquisition period. Effective acquirers have potential performance on the economy of the country, but they also had some skills and competencies to recover the performance of an acquired firm. The results of our study advocate the conclusion that success acquisition and mergers will lead to robust economy, particularly with regard to convinced aptitudes and skills worldwide.
Exploring the Behavioural Intention in Culinary Tourism: A Study on Bandung Tourist Destination

Brand Image Brand Value Loyalty Perceived Quality Behavioural Intention Culinary Tourism This study portrayed the integration of behavioural theory and brand equity theory in the culinary tourism industry. This research aimed to find out the influence of a brand image, brand value, loyalty, and perceived quality towards motivation and behavioural intention in one of the most heavily promoted gastronomy destinations in Indonesia, the city of Bandung. This study used quantitative methods with a questionnaire as the research instrument and 282 Indonesian tourists as a sample. To test the measurement model and the theoretical framework, this research applied the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The result indicated that brand image, loyalty, and perceived quality positively influenced tourist motivation and behavioural intention. Nevertheless, the brand value was not found to have any significant influence in motivating tourists to come to Bandung for culinary tourism.
Decoder-Assisted Communications Over Additive Noise Channels

A number of additive noise networks are studied in the presence of a helper that observes the noise and assists the decoder by providing it with a rate-limited description of said noise. It is shown that “flash helping”—where noise descriptions are provided infrequently but with great precision—is often optimal and typically increases capacity by the maximal allowed description rate. It requires no binning. The discrete setting of the modulo-additive noise channel is also discussed.
A Joint Neural Network for Session-Aware Recommendation

Session-aware recommendation is a special form of sequential recommendation, where users’ previous interactions before current session are available. Recently, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based models are widely used in sequential recommendation tasks with great success. Previous works mainly focus on the interaction sequences of the current session without analyzing a user’s long-term preferences. In this paper, we propose a joint neural network (JNN) for session-aware recommendation, which employs a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) and a RNN to process the long-term historical interactions and the short-term sequential interactions respectively. Then, we apply a fully-connected neural network to study the complex relationship between these two types of features, which aims to generate a unified representation of the current session. Finally, a recommendation score for given items is generated by a bi-linear scheme upon the session representation. We conduct our experiments on three public datasets, showing that JNN outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines on all datasets in terms of Recall and Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR). The outperforming results indicate that proper handling of historical interactions can improve the effectiveness of recommendation. The experimental results show that JNN is more prominent in samples with short current session or long historical interactions.
Pressure-induced gap modulation and topological transitions in twisted bilayer and twisted double bilayer graphene

We study the electronic and topological properties of fully relaxed twisted bilayer (TBG) and double bilayer (TDBG) graphene under perpendicular pressure. An approach has been proposed to obtain the equilibrium in-plane structural deformation and out-of-plane corrugation in moire superlattices under pressure. We find that the in-plane relaxation becomes much stronger under higher pressure, while the corrugation height in each layer is maintained. The comparison between band structures of relaxed and rigid structures demonstrates that not only the gaps on the electron and hole sides ($\Delta_e$ and $\Delta_h$) are significantly underestimated without relaxation but also the detailed dispersions of the middle bands of rigid structures are rather different from those of relaxed systems. $\Delta_e$ and $\Delta_h$ in TBG reach maximum values around critical pressures with narrowest middle bands. Topological transitions occur in TDBG under pressure with the middle valence and conduction bands in one valley touching and their Chern numbers transferred to each other. The pressure can also tune the gap at the neutrality point of TDBG, which becomes closed for a pressure range and reopened under higher pressure. The behavior of electronic structure of supertlattices under pressure is sensitive to the twist angle $\theta$ with the critical pressures generally increase with $\theta$.
A revision of the genus Chlorocryptus Cameron (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), with the first record of the genus from Japan

The genus Chlorocryptus is revised and two species are recognized: Chlorocryptus purpuratus (Smith, 1852) and C. coreanus (Szépligeti, 1916). Cryptaulax metallicus Szépligeti, 1916, which has been hitherto listed in catalogs as Chlorocryptus fuscipennis Townes et al., 1961, is shown as a new synonym of Chlorocryptus purpuratus. Chlorocryptus purpuratus and C. coreanus are redescribed and illustrated in detail and a key is provided. Chlorocryptus purpuratus is recorded from Japan and Vietnam for the first time and is considered to have recently been introduced into Japan.
NON-CARCINOGENIC RISK ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER IN SOUTHERN PART OF SALEM DISTRICT IN TAMILNADU, INDIA

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the groundwater quality for domestic, agriculture use and to describe fluoride contamination in groundwater and their impacts on human health. 67 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for major ions. Water Quality Index (WQI), Piper diagram and Gibbs diagrams were calculated to measure the suitability of groundwater for drinking purpose. The hazards index value was calculated to estimate the noncarcinogenic risk to adult (male, female) and children suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The irrigation indices were calculated to evaluate the quality of water for irrigation purpose. Statistical methods such as principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to analyses the inter-relationship of data. Hydrochemistry of the samples shows, the major ions in the order of Ca2+>Mg2+>Na+ and Cl->SO4- in the study area. WQI value of groundwater, 74.62% of sample locations are good and 25.38 % of sample locations need primary treatment for drinking purpose. The results of the hazards index show that 65.67% of the sample locations exceeds the tolerable limit for non-carcinogenic risk (greater than one) for children higher than the risk level for Male and female. Statistical report of PCA and HCA reveals that Ca-Na-HCO3-F has positive loading and TDS-EC has negative loading. The study results show that rock-water interaction and anthropogenic activities are the major factors that influence the quality of groundwater. The continuous intake of excess concentration fluoride causes bone diseases and teeth problems.
Changing Learner Beliefs in South African Townships: An Evaluation of a Growth Mindset Intervention

We tested the effectiveness of a growth mindset intervention for N = 354 adolescents from low resource schools in the Western Cape, South Africa. Growth mindset measures demonstrated good psychometric properties in our sample. We found mixed evidence of an intervention effect: We did not find evidence that the intervention improved mastery behavior or math achievement test scores, but treatment-on-the-treated (TOT) analyses showed positive effects on growth mindset for those who received the intervention (0.32 SDs). TOT analyses provided some evidence for effects on math grades, comparable in magnitude with previous research (0.24–0.34 SDs), although tests were underpowered and not all reached significance. The intervention cost approximately R4.4 (31 U.S. cents) per student. A growth mindset intervention may be a low-cost way to shape motivation and grades for those attending low resource schools, but more research is needed to address the mixed results obtained in the current study.
In search of mediators in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance: the mediating role of technology park support

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to determine the role of the technology park support in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and enterprise performance. Research method – A multi-stage statistical analysis with elements of econometrics was utilised. The reliability of individual scales by Cronbach’s alpha test was performed. Variables were treated as reflective and latent and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed. The relationship between the variables studied (analysis of Pearson correlation and Tau-B Kendall) was assessed. The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique was used, including mediation analysis. Results – Technology park support is not a significant mediator of the relationship between EO and performance. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The study results are a good starting point for further research to identify the variables which mediate the EO-performance relationship. They are also an inspiration to examine why companies in technology parks do not use the offer of support from these centres.
Optimization of soybean dna extraction under different storage and development periods = Otimização de extração de dna de soja sob diferentes períodos de armazenamento e desenvolvimento

DNA extraction of plants with high quality is very important to researches in molecular biology. Several extraction protocols have been used to obtain soybean DNA; however, there is a lack of papers about extraction protocols optimization and the best developmental stage of the plant to collect them. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to extract high quantity and quality of DNA from fresh or frozen soybean samples, using different protocols. Moreover, we analyzed the best developmental stage of the plant to do the extraction. Fresh leaves or leaves kept for two years in the ultra-freezer were submitted to the DNA extraction protocols: Haberer et al . , 1996 (modified); second modification from Haberer et al., 1996; Murray & Thompson, 1980 (modified) e Doyle & Doyle, 1990 (modified). Modified protocol of Doyle & Doyle was used to value the best stage to collect the leaves to do the DNA extraction. The samples were collected in the stages of development VC, V1, V2, V3, V4 and R5. The experiments were conducted in completely randomized design with 10 samples per treatment. The data underwent variance analysis and the averages were compared by the Tukey test (p<0.05). Through Doyle & Doyle, 1990 and Haberer et al., 1996 modified protocols, for both fresh and frozen samples, it was possible to obtain a higher total DNA concentration if compared to the other tested protocols. However, the quality of DNAs extracted by the protocol Doyle & Doyle, 1990 (modified) was superior, due to a minor molecular degradation. Besides that, the extractions made with these protocols have shown to be more efficient using frozen leaves’ tissue. Higher DNA concentrations were obtained analyzing VC samples; however, there were no statistical differences between the stages VC, V2 and V3. It is suggested thereby to use modified of Doyle & Doyle for DNA extraction from soybean leaves in V2 and V3 stages of development from frozen samples, providing the collect of a large number of samples and its storage until the analysis.
Response of soil bacterial community and geochemical parameters to cyclic groundwater‐level oscillations in laboratory columns

Groundwater‐level oscillations change geochemical conditions, C cycling processes, and bacterial community composition, and these changes may vary vertically with depth in a soil. In this study, soil column experiments were conducted to explore variations in soil bacterial community composition and its associated geochemical parameters to rapid short‐term cyclic groundwater‐level oscillations driven by natural fluctuations (NF) and rainfall infiltration (RI), and the results are compared with a quasistatic (QS) column. Water saturation patterns in vadose and oscillated zones, and O2 level patterns, soil total organic C (TOC) removal rates, and soil bacterial community composition in vadose, oscillated, and saturated zones were evaluated. Results showed that water saturation and O2 level oscillated with groundwater level in NF and RI columns. Total organic C removal rates in RI column were the highest across vadose (∼38.4%), oscillated (∼35.8%), and saturated (∼35.2%) zones. Deltaproteobacteria, which were significantly correlated with TOC removal (p < .05), were found in higher abundance in the vadose and oscillated zones of the RI column than in the QS and NF columns. Soil bacterial community structure was dynamic at the class level due to water saturation, O2 level, and TOC removal. Total organic C removal was the driver to separate the distribution of bacterial community structure in the vadose and oscillated zones of the RI column from those of the QS and NF columns. This study suggests that RI induced rapid, short‐term, cyclic, groundwater‐level oscillations could significantly influence both the soil C cycle and bacterial community structure in the vadose and oscillated zones.
Unified Push Recovery Fundamentals: Inspiration from Human Study

Currently for balance recovery, humans outperform humanoid robots which use hand-designed controllers in terms of the diverse actions. This study aims to close this gap by finding core control principles that are shared across ankle, hip, toe and stepping strategies by formulating experiments to test human balance recoveries and define criteria to quantify the strategy in use. To reveal fundamental principles of balance strategies, our study shows that a minimum jerk controller can accurately replicate comparable human behaviour at the Centre of Mass level. Therefore, we formulate a general Model-Predictive Control (MPC) framework to produce recovery motions in any system, including legged machines, where the framework parameters are tuned for time-optimal performance in robotic systems.
Peptide drug delivery to the brain

Biological diversity of peptides peptides as potential neuropharmaceuticals in disorders of the brain overview of blood-brain barrier transport biology and experimental methodologies transnasal and intraventricular delivery of drugs peptide lipidization and liposomes bulk flow and receptor-mediated transcytosis of peptides through the blood-brain barrier absorptive-mediated transcytosis of peptides through the blood-brain barrier antibody delivery through the blood-brain barrier chimeric peptide pharmaceutical delivery through the blood-brain barrier development of brain-specific transport vectors - a molecular biological perspective.
Physical Fitness Evaluation of Career Urban and Wildland Firefighters.

OBJECTIVE Examine the physical fitness of career firefighters and compare their results to normative data and suggested standards for their profession. METHODS Eighty firefighters completed a body composition analysis, maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) test, and fitness testing battery, with results compared with normative value tables. Maximal aerobic capacity was correlated to fitness measures and differences between VO2max quartiles were examined. RESULTS Twenty-two firefighters met the suggested standard for VO2max. Seventy percent of participants were classified as overweight or obese based on body mass index, while 25% were classified as having either "poor" or "very poor" body fat levels. Firefighters were above average for muscular strength. CONCLUSION The firefighters had low aerobic fitness and higher than optimal body fat levels. Training programs may be necessary to assist firefighters in achieving optimal fitness levels.
The Nexus between External Debts and Military Expenditures for the Selected Transition Economies: A Panel Threshold Regression Approach

ABSTRACT The dissolution of the Eastern Bloc at the end of the Cold War compelled most of the centrally-planned economies to adjust their economic order to become free market economies. During the transition process, most of those countries experienced severe external debt overhang problems, due to excessive budget deficits and rapid liberalization of foreign trade and capital account regimes. In addition, most of those countries were facing political unrest due to internal and external conflicts by the end of the Cold War, with rampant weapons proliferation and the arms race. By employing the fixed effect panel threshold regression approach, we unveil the non-linear relationship between military spending and external indebtedness, which has not been examined for the selected twelve transition economies over the period from 1997 to 2016. Our findings reveal the presence of double threshold effects that are embedded in military expenditure, and the debt-accelerating effect of military spending emerges after the first regime. In the early stages, countries tend to finance military expenditure with the help of domestic savings, whereas the requirement for external borrowing emerges later as domestic savings become inadequate. We have also produced some crucial policy recommendations to reflect our findings.
Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerves Stimulation (TENS) on Pain Intensity in Patients with Primary Dysmenorrhea among the Undergraduates of a Nigerian University: A Randomized Control Study

Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug has been reported to be effective in the management of primary dysmenorrhea, but it has associated side effects. The present study determined the influence of electrical stimulation on the pain intensity in female undergraduates with primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: This is a randomized control study including 50 participants with primary dysmenorrhea lasting for five days equally. They were randomly allocated into two groups: transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and Control. Subjects in TENS group were treated with TENS for 15 minutes twice daily while the other group served as control. Participants were treated for five days, the severity of pain was examined in both groups pre-treatment and post-intervention. Values of the obtained variables were analyzed and the significant level was set at 0.05. Results: Results revealed a significant reduction (t=7.956, P<0.001) in the severity of pain between pre-treatment and posttreatment on the 1st day; also, in the TENS group, there was a substantial change (t=3.610, P<0.001) in the severity of pain on the 5th day post-treatment. There was a substantial reduction (t=2.599, P<0.001) in the severity of pain in the TENS group compared with the control group on the 3rd day (1.80 1.15, 2.38±1.77,) and 5th day (0.52±0.65, 0.94±1.33), respectively. Conclusion: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation was found to be an effective approach to relieving primary dysmenorrhea among female undergraduates.