Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep-Learning-Based Non-Coherent DPSK Multiple-Symbol Differential Detection in Single-User Massive MIMO Systems

In this work, non-coherent massive MIMO differential phase-shift keying modulation (DPSK) detection is considered to get rid of the complexity of channel estimation. However, most of the well-performing DPSK detection techniques require high computational complexity at the receiver. The use of deep-learning is proposed for detecting the transmitted DPSK symbols over a single-user massive MIMO system. We provide a multiple-symbol differential detection implementation using deep-learning. Two deep-learning-based multiple-symbol differential detection receiver designs are proposed and compared with differential detection (DD), decision-feedback differential detection (DFDD), and multiple-symbol differential detection (MSDD) for the same system parameters. Where multiple-symbol differential sphere detection (MSDSD) is used to implement MSDD. The results show that the proposed deep-learning-based classification neural networks outperform decision-feedback differential detection and achieve an optimal performance compared to conventional multiple-symbol differential detection implemented by multiple-symbol differential sphere detection.
Comprehensive Risk Analysis for Structure Type Selection

Optimization of bridge selection and design traditionally has been sought in terms of the finished structure. This study presents a more comprehensive risk-based analysis that includes user costs and accidents during the construction phase. Costs for bridge projects include actual comprehensive costs, both to the funding agency, the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), and to the public at large, including assessments associated with accidents and user delay times during the construction phase. Bridges were selected to represent a cross section of structure types, ADT (average daily traffic volumes), bridge overall length and CDOT region. A total of 43 bridges were targeted for study, and data were able to be compiled on 20 of these. A questionnaire was developed and sent to CDOT bridge personnel, in order to collect general project information as well as detailed information on construction duration, construction traffic control plans (including detour types and mileposts, time of day scheduling and speed reductions), observed congestion and accidents during construction). Graphs compare the delay costs and bridge costs for each structure, and the trends by region, ADT, construction duration and bridge type. Accident rates were also compared during construction with those before and after (examining property damage, injuries and fatalities). Statistical factor analysis was used to isolate the key factors describing the differences among the bridges studied. Structure type and construction duration are the important decision variables with respect to user costs, and these two are related. User cost can be reduced by shortening the construction duration for a particular type of structure, or selecting a type that inherently has shorter construction duration. For those bridges with an ADT value less than 10,000, the user cost was no more than about 10% of the construction cost. Also, for construction durations under 20 months the user cost was no more than 30% of the construction cost. For CDOT, concrete box girder prestressed bridges built with current construction practices exhibited user costs more than twice as large as construction costs. The difficulty in obtaining past data suggests that for projects involving high values of ADT, a policy should be implemented of contemporaneous records of construction traffic control, including congestion and accidents. These records should become a permanent part of the closeout documentation for these projects.
Ensemble Monte Carlo/molecular dynamics simulation of inversion layer mobility in Si MOSFETs - effects of substrate impurity

Electron transport in bulk Si and MOSFET inversion layers is studied using an ensemble Monte Carlo (EMC) technique coupled with the molecular dynamics (MD) method. The Coulomb interactions among point charges (electrons and negative ions) are directly taken into account in the simulation. It is demonstrated that the static screening of Coulomb interactions is correctly simulated by the EMC/MD method. Furthermore, we calculate the inversion layer mobility in Si MOSFETs, and mobility roll-off near the threshold voltage is observed by the present approach.
Shotcrete practice in underground construction

This report describes the use and procedures for placement of wet- and dry-mix shotcrete in underground rock excavations. Its purpose is to serve as a guide for designers and contractors in selecting, preparing and applying shotcrete of acceptable quality in the variety of ground conditions encountered in underground work. The contents of this report include design considerations, engineering properties, shotcrete equipment, application techniques and quality control. Specifications for shotcrete are treated as well. The appendices provide supplemental information dealing with the use and engineering properties of fiber and regulated-set cement shotcrete, capabilities and specifications of shotcrete machines and some recommended guidelines for placing shotcrete underground.
Modelling and Design of Distributed Real-Time Control Applications

The Controller Area Network (CAN) constitutes a good low level base for distributed real–time control systems. The priority mechanism allows for tailoring by choice of scheduling policy. It is however unfortunate that the error handling policy of CAN is fixed, this limits the solution space for the designer. Clock synchronization should be added to the basic CAN system in order to obtain a global system clock. Designing a distributed system around CAN requires the identification of the appropriate level of system decentralization and a suitable system organization. These design aspects are presented and the use of CAN as a basis for distributed control systems is discussed.
VEHICLE OPERATING COSTS IN THE CARIBBEAN: RESULTS OF A SURVEY OF VEHICLE OPERATORS

This report describes an investigation into factors affecting vehicle operating costs in the Eastern Caribbean. The study was designed to check the validity of the vehicle operating cost relationships derived from an earlier study in Kenya and to extend these relationships to include the effects of road geometry and poor bituminous surfaces. Data were collected over a two year period by means of a user survey and the effect of various road and vehicle paramaters on the components of vehicle operating cost was examined. The results of the analysis are presented and are compared with the results from the Kenya study to show the different effects of poor quality paved and unpaved roads on the cost of operating vehicles. The results of both studies are combined to produce a set of relationships for both paved and unpaved surfaces. (Author/TRRL)
PRIORITY TREATMENT OF BUSES AT TRAFFIC SIGNALS

Two basic schemes, passive and active priority, are developed to give buses priority at traffic signals. Passive priority is a signal timing plan for an intersection or a group of intersections which can be changed in several ways to favor buses. Four possible ways are discussed: Adjustment of cycle length; splitting of phases, timing plans, and metering of vehicles. Active priority or preemption occurs when a signal from a bus results in overriding an existing traffic signal pattern, substituting a pattern beneficial to the bus. Two types of preemption are discussed: Unconditional preemption and conditional preemption. Priority for buses at traffic signals has the potential for reducing one of the largest causes of delays on urban artierials. Implementation is relatively easy and can be done at moderate or low cost. Passive priority techniques generally require only engineering and support services and no capital investment. At high levels of demand, bus priority may be disruptive to overall traffic flow. Also, a preemptive system will increase traffic maintenance costs.
Application of Robots to the Construction of Complex Structures using Standardized Timbers

Design and Construction of Shell-shaped Bench using a 3D Printer for Construction Visualization of the progress management of earthwork volume at construction jobsite Report on the Measurement of the Form of SHOTCRETE GRID BEAM-FREE FRAME Using Point Cloud Data Hajime Sakagami, Haruna Okawa, Masaya Nakamura, Takuya Anabuki, Yoshikazu Ishizeki and Tomoya Kaneko Hajime Honda, Akifumi Minami, Yoshihiko Takahashi, Seishi Tajima, Takashi Ohtsuki and Yushi Shiiba Kojima Takayuki and Yori Nomoto
MATERIAL PROPERTIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF MECHANISTIC-EMPIRICAL (M-E) PAVEMENT DESIGN PROCEDURES

A comprehensive study was conducted to compile mechanistic property data for pavement materials specified and utilized in Ohio. The study consisted of three major components. In the first component, background information on the new mechanistic-empirical (M-E) pavement design/analysis procedures was researched and presented. In the second component, each of the 28 pavement-related research projects conducted for the Ohio Department of Transportation within the last two decades was summarized with emphases placed on pavement material properties measured and pavement distress data recorded. In the third component, reliability of the Asphalt Institute's Witczak equation was evaluated for asphalt concrete mixtures used in Ohio in light of the latest laboratory dynamic modulus test data collected by the authors. The end result of the project was a collection of recommended hierarchical material property values and prediction methods for both rigid and flexible pavements to aid highway engineers and researchers in Ohio who wish to implement the M-E procedures.
Sensors and control systems in arc welding

Part 1: General review. Introduction to sensing systems and their application in arc welding processes. State-of-the-art review of sensors and their application in welding processes. Control system. Basis for welding process control. Sensor techniques and welding robots. Analysis of questionnaire results on sensor application to welding processes. Future aspects and subject. Part 2: Collected papers on applications of sensors to welding processes. Groove tracking control by laser sensing method. Development of automatic multi-layer welding system applying laser sensing technique. Online visual sensor system for arc-welding robot. Welding robot with visual seam tracking sensor. An arc-welding robot with a compact visual sensor. Development of robot for three-dimensional multi-layer welding with vision sensor. Visual arc sensor (ARC-EYE). Fuzzy control of CO2 short-arc welding. Application of fuzzy neural network to welding line tracking. Magnetic control of arc in high speed TIG welding. Adaptive control of welding condition using visual sensing. Automatic welding system with laser optical sensor for heavy-wall structures. Group-control system of narrow-gap MIG welding. Automatic control technique for narrow gap GMA welding. A study on automatic control system of one-side submerged arc welding by flux copper backing. Touch sensor and arc sensor for arc welding robots. Application of arc sensor to robotic seam tracking. Dynamic analysis of arc-length and its application to arc-sensing. Robot welding with arc sensing. Arc sensing method by fuzzy control. Development and application of arc sensor control with high speed rotating arc process. Groove tracking control by arc welding current. Automatic seam tracking and bead height control by arc sensor. Through-the-arc sensing control of welding speed for one-sided welding. Some kinds of wire ground sensors. Application of touch sensor to arc welding robot. Automatic welding for LNG corrugated membrane. Welding process monitoring by arc sound. Vibrating reed sensor for tracing the centre of narrow groove. Development of ultra heat-resistant electro-magnetic sensing system for automatic tracking of welding joint. Motion generation of an off-line programming system of an arc-welding robot. Application of an off-line teaching system for arc welding robots. Development and availability of IC-card welding system for automatic welding. Development of remote-controlled circumferential TIG welding system. In-process control system in one side SAW. Application of arc sensor and visual sensor on arc welding robots. Intelligent arc welding robot and simultaneous control of penetration depth and bead height. NC welding robot for large structures. Development of fully automatic pipe welding system.
Safety and security review for the process industries : application of HAZOP, PHA and What-If and SVA reviews

Safety and Security Review for the Process Industries: Application of HAZOP, PHA, What-IF and SVA Reviews, Third Edition, describes the responsibilities, methods, and documentation required for the performance of qualitative hazard analysis for industrial and commercial processes, specifically Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA), What-If, and Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) reviews. It is a guideline and reference book that explains how the methodology and procedures used for these reviews can be adopted and applied for Security Vulnerability Analysis (SVA) to avoid the major risks that have the potential to severely impact the industry. Organized into 13 chapters, the book relies mainly on practices commonly observed in the petroleum, chemical, and petrochemical industries. It begins with an overview of PHA, What-If, and HAZOP reviews, including their limitations and advantages. It then moves into a discussion of safety reviews that are increasingly used in the process industries: Bow-Tie Analysis (BTA), Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA), and Safety Integrity Level (SIL). The book looks at review team members, their qualifications and responsibilities, and senior management support and responsibilities for the safety and security of a facility. The reader is also introduced to review procedures and worksheets, review applications, preparation and distribution of the study report, and handling and resolution of recommendations. The book concludes by explaining the estimation of review scheduling and cost. This book will serve as a reminder to members of PHA, What-If, and HAZOP review teams about their duties and responsibilities. Helps you to achieve compliance and avoid disasters: Dennis Nolan combines his extensive personal experience with relevant industry examples to provide the checklists and best-practice guidance needed to negotiate the labyrinth of Hazard Analysis and Safety Review procedures. Keeps your knowledge up-to-date: Coverage of the latest forms of Hazard Analysis and Safety Review, including LOPA and Bowtie Saves time.and money: Demonstrates how each of the typically required reviews is related, so that information and conclusions used on one may be transferred or adapted for another. Also helps you avoid the fines associated with non-compliance, e.g. fines of up to $25k per day imposed by the Department of Homeland Security in the USA for non-compliance with the Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standard (CFATS).
What research is needed to improve commercial pig reproduction

Artificial insemination with fresh or stored semen is currently the only sperm technology used at a commercial scale in the pig industry. Attention should therefore be given for further improvement of the functionality and fertilizing ability of cryopreserved semen, as well as for sperm sorting for gender pre-selection. During the last two decades various proteins and polypeptides have been identified in boar seminal plasma, and the relevance of some of them to reproductive technologies has been discussed at this conference. The long- term goal should be to isolate/synthetize those seminal plasma proteins proven important for the spermatozoa, and use them as ingredients in media used for e.g. cryopreservation and sex sorting of semen. A close cooperation between biochemists, molecular biologists and animal scientists is necessary to reach this goal. The brought transcriptional profiling, allowing for the identification of many genes involved e.g. in mammalian gametogenesis, fertilization, and preimplantation embryo development. We do expect further progress within this field of research during coming years. The new information has also capacity to revolutionize the genetic progress within animal breeding. when using single insemination with fresh semen at fixed-time ovulation. deep with lower number, or inseminated
Residential Interior Design: A Guide to Planning Spaces

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION. What This Book Is About. An Overview: Quality and Quantity. Human Behavior and Housing. An Overview of Chapter Topics. CHAPTER 2 ENTRANCES AND CIRCULATION SPACES. Introduction. Foyer and Entry Areas. Vertical Movement. Ergonomics and Required Clearances. Organizational Flow. Related Codes and Constraints. Electrical and Mechanical. Lighting. CHAPTER 3 LEISURE SPACES. Introduction. Ergonomics and Required Clearances. Organizational Flow. Related Codes and Constraints. Electrical and Mechanical. Lighting. CHAPTER 4 KITCHENS. Introduction. Fixtures and Appliances. Kitchen Storage and Cabinetry. The Pantry. Ergonomics and Required Clearances. Organizational Flow. Related Codes and Constraints. Electrical and Mechanical. Lighting. CHAPTER 5 BEDROOMS. Introduction. Ergonomics and Required Clearances. Organizational Flow. Related Codes and Constraints. Electrical and Mechanical. Lighting. CHAPTER 6 BATHROOMS. Introduction. Fixtures. Storage and Cabinetry. Ergonomics and Required Clearances. Organizational Flow. Related Codes and Constraints. Electrical and Mechanical. Lighting. CHAPTER 7 UTILITY AND WORK SPACES. Introduction: Types of Utility and Work Spaces. Appliances. Ergonomics and Required Clearances. Organizational Flow. Related Codes and Constraints. Electrical and Mechanical. Lighting. CHAPTER 8 SAMPLE PROJECT AND RELATED DRAWINGS. Sample Project Scenario/Problem Statement. Sample Project Design Drawings. CHAPTER 9 BASIC RESIDENTIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND STRUCTURE. Standard Residential Building Platform Types. Basic Wood Frame Construction. Plumbing. Doors and Windows. Roof Types and Styles. Fireplaces and Stoves. APPENDIX A: ICGG, LEED, and Sustainability/Green Design Certifying Programs, Agencies, and Associations. APPENDIX B: ANSI/Fair Housing Bathrooms and Kitchens. APPENDIX C: Seated Wheelchair Dimensions. APPENDIX D: Outdoor Kitchens. APPENDIX E: European Cabinets. APPENDIX F: Seated and Standing Work Surfaces and Desks. INDEX.
Evaluation of the School Street Four-Quadrant Gate/In-Cab Signaling Grade Crossing System

Under sponsorship from the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Railroad Administration, Office of Research and Development, the John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center performed an evaluation of the four-quadrant gate/obstruction detection system at the School Street crossing in Groton, CT. The primary objectives of this evaluation were to assess the safety benefits and to document the operational performance provided by this non-standard technology. Highway-railroad grade crossing risk mitigation research in the United States has historically focused on the safety benefits of active warning devices, such as flashing lights, bells, and dual crossing gates. In addition, clear agreement has predominated within the research community that grade separation or closure provides the highest level of risk treatment. As the economic and societal costs of these treatments have increased, however, research has been increasingly concentrated on technologies that provide many of the same benefits without the obtrusiveness of grade separation or closure.
Performance Improvement of MEMS Accelerometers in Vibration Based Diagnosis

Vibration measurement and analysis has been an accepted method since decades to meet a number of objectives - machinery condition monitoring, dynamic qualification of any designed structural components, prediction of faults and structural aging-related problems, and several other structural dynamics studies and diagnosis. However, the requirement of the vibration measurement at number of locations in structures, machines and/or equipments makes the vibration measurement exorbitant if conventional piezoelectric accelerometers are used. Hence, there is a need for cheaper and reliable alternative for the conventional accelerometers. The Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) accelerometers are one such cheap alternative. However, a significant deviation in the performance of the MEMS accelerometers has been observed in earlier research studies and also confirmed by this presented study when compared with well known conventional accelerometer. Therefore, two methods have been suggested to improve the performance of the existing MEMS accelerometers; one for correction in time domain and other in frequency domain. Both methods are based on the generation of a characteristic function (CF) for the MEMS accelerometer using well known reference accelerometer in laboratory tests. The procedures of both methods have been discussed and validations of these methods have been presented through experimental examples. In addition, a Finite Element (FE) model of a typical MEMS accelerometer has been developed and modal analysis has been carried out to understand the dynamics of capacitive type MEMS accelerometer and to identify the source of errors. It has been observed that the moving fingers behave like a cantilever beam while the fixed fingers showed rigid body motion. This cantilever type of motion seems to be causing non-parallel plates effect in the formed capacitors between moving and fixed fingers which results in errors in the vibration measurement. Hence, design modifications on finger shape have been suggested to remove the cantilever motion and results showed remarkable improvement. Moreover, the effect of using synchronous amplitude modulation and demodulation in the readout circuit has been studied. The experimental study showed that this circuit also introduces errors in amplitude and phase of the output signal compared with the input signal. Thus, in the new design of MEMS accelerometers, improvements in both mechanical design and electronic circuit are required.