Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disentangling Natural and Anthropogenic Signals in Lacustrine Records: An Example from the Ilan Plain, NE Taiwan

The impact of human activities has been increasing to a degree where humans now outcompete many natural processes. When interpreting environmental and climatic changes recorded in natural archives on historical time scales, it is therefore important to be able to disentangle the relative contribution of natural and anthropogenic processes. Lake Meihua on the Ilan Plain in northeastern Taiwan offers a particularly suitable opportunity to test how human activities known from historical records can be recorded in lacustrine sediment. For this purpose, three cores from Lake Meihua have been studied by a multiproxy approach, providing the first decadal-resolution lacustrine records covering the past 150 years in Taiwan. Profiles of excess 210Pb, 137Cs and 239,240Pu from two short cores (MHL-09-01 and MHL-11-02) allowed a precise chronology to be established. The presence of a yellow, earthy layer with lower levels of organic material coincide with the record of land development associated with the construction of the San-Chin-Gong Temple during AD 1970-1982. Furthermore, in the lower part of the cores, the upwards increasing trend of inc/coh, TOC, TOC/TN, and grain size, coupled with the palynological data (increase of Alnus, Mallotus, Trema and herbs) from the nearby core MHL-5A with radiocarbon chronology, suggest that the area surrounding the lake has been significantly affected by agricultural activities since the arrival of Chinese settlers around ~AD 1874. In sum, this study demonstrates that this suite of lacustrine sediments in northeastern Taiwan has recorded human activities in agreement with historical documents, and that different human activities will leave distinct sedimentological, geochemical, and palynological signatures in the sedimentary archives. Therefore, multiproxy reconstructions are important to capture the complex nature of human-environmental interactions. A better understanding of the weathering and erosion response to human activities can also provide useful information for sustainable land-use management.
Minor Lagochilascaris Otomastoiditis in a Child: Case Report

Summary Introduction: The lagochilascariosis is an emerging zoonosis determined by the presence of helminth Lagochilascaris minor in human tissues. Infection occurs through ingestion of larvae encysted in the subcutaneous tissue, muscles and viscera of wild animals consumed by man so raw or undercooked. The disease is rare, insidious, chronic condition, characterized by the appearance of lesions, especially in the neck, mastoid, ear, nose and oropharynx. A serious, sometimes fatal, depend on the location of the parasite. Objective: To describe a case of otomastoiditis by L. minor in child, attended at the Hospital das Clinicas, Federal University of Goias. Case Report: Patient 10 years old female, complaining of otalgia and purulent otorrhea right. Otoscopy left ear was normal, while the right ear had retroauricular edema, polyps in the external ear canal and fistula with drainage of pus. The tympanic membrane was intact.The stages of treatment were described since the initial consultation to the recovery of the patient. Final Comments: The clinician should be alert to the importance in considering the differential diagnosis of this disease on individuals residing in rural areas.
Design Points : Finding Latent Design Concepts in Developer Discussions Anonymous Author

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 Design Points: Finding Latent Design Concepts in Developer Discussions Anonymous Author(s) ABSTRACT A software system’s design determines many of its properties, such as maintainability and performance. An understanding of design is needed to maintain system properties as changes to the system occur. Unfortunately, many systems do not have up-to-date design documentation and approaches that have been developed to recover design often focus on how a system works by extracting structural and behaviour information rather than information about what a system is intended to do to meet its desired design properties. In this paper, we explore whether latent design that is talked about in on-line developer discussions can be identified automatically so it can subsequently be provided to help developers perform change tasks on a system. Specifically, we perform a detailed analyses of one form of developer discussions, pull requests. We show that in these discussions, design often arises as design points, statements about aspects of design for which developers are called upon to make a decision. To build a foundation on which tools can be built to leverage latent design information for developers, we investigate and introduce a classifier that can identify design points in pull requests with high accuracy (average F1 and AUC scores of 0.62 and 0.87, respectively). We provide initial results that show humans identify similar design points in a discussion, whilst also agreeing with the automatic classifier in the majority of cases. We also show the promise of identified design points in aiding developer tasks by investigating a proof-of-concept recommender that can learn project-specific design considerations from previous pull requests.
Autophagy regulates spermatid differentiation via degradation of PDLIM1

ABSTRACT Spermiogenesis is a complex and highly ordered spermatid differentiation process that requires reorganization of cellular structures. We have previously found that Atg7 is required for acrosome biogenesis. Here, we show that autophagy regulates the round and elongating spermatids. Specifically, we found that Atg7 is required for spermatozoa flagella biogenesis and cytoplasm removal during spermiogenesis. Spermatozoa motility of atg7-null mice dropped significantly with some extra-cytoplasm retained on the mature sperm head. These defects are associated with an impairment of the cytoskeleton organization. Functional screening revealed that the negative cytoskeleton organization regulator, PDLIM1 (PDZ and LIM domain 1 [elfin]), needs to be degraded by the autophagy-lysosome-dependent pathway to facilitate the proper organization of the cytoskeleton. Our results thus provide a novel mechanism showing that autophagy regulates cytoskeleton organization mainly via degradation of PDLIM1 to facilitate the differentiation of spermatids.
Network Structure and Information Worker Productivity : New Evidence from the Global Consulting Services Industry

This study presents new empirical evidence on the relationship between information worker productivity and social capital generated from social networks. As the information content of work increases, studying how information workers generate value and output is becoming increasingly important. While past empirical studies have focused on the productivity impact of information technology for manufacturing industries, there is very little empirical evidence on the production function of information workers, such as consultants, researchers, lawyers and accountants. Aral et. al (2006, 2007) and Aral and Van Alstyne (2007) provide some of the first empirical evidence demonstrating how executive recruiters use information technology and their social networks to generate value. Similarly, Wu et. al (2008) studied the impact of face-to-face communication networks on the productivity of hardware configuration specialists. In this study, we extend these studies by studying consultants. Since a large number of information workers, such as consultants and lawyers generate revenues by logging “billable hours,” studying consultants can broaden our understanding of how information workers generate value.
ResearchA recruitment maneuver increases oxygenation after intubation of hypoxemic intensive care unit patients : a randomized controlled study

Introduction: Tracheal intubation and anaesthesia promotes lung collapse and hypoxemia. In acute lung injury patients, recruitment maneuvers (RMs) increase lung volume and oxygenation, and decrease atelectasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RMs performed immediately after intubation. Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted in two 16-bed medical-surgical intensive care units within the same university hospital. Consecutive patients requiring intubation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were included. Patients were randomized to undergo a RM immediately (within 2 minutes) after intubation, consisting of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of 40 cmH2O over 30 seconds (RM group), or not (control group). Blood gases were sampled and blood samples taken for culture before, within 2 minutes, 5 minutes, and 30 minutes after intubation. Haemodynamic and respiratory parameters were continuously recorded throughout the study. Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) was set at 5 cmH2O throughout. Results: The control (n = 20) and RM (n = 20) groups were similar in terms of age, disease severity, diagnosis at time of admission, and PaO2 obtained under 10-15 L/min oxygen flow immediately before (81 ± 15 vs 83 ± 35 mmHg, P = 0.9), and within 2 minutes after, intubation under 100% FiO2 (81 ± 15 vs 83 ± 35 mmHg, P = 0.9). Five minutes after intubation, PaO2 obtained under 100% FiO2 was significantly higher in the RM group compared with the control group (93 ± 36 vs 236 ± 117 mmHg, P = 0.008). The difference remained significant at 30 minutes with 110 ± 39 and 180 ± 79 mmHg, respectively, for the control and RM groups. No significant difference in haemodynamic conditions was observed between groups at any time. Following tracheal intubation, 15 patients had positive blood cultures, showing microorganisms shared with tracheal aspirates, with no significant difference in the incidence of culture positivity
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) load in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood of patients with EBV‐associated central nervous system diseases after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic utility of monitoring the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) load in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood for the patients with EBV‐associated central nervous system (CNS) diseases after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT), 172 patients undergoing allo‐HSCT were enrolled in the study.
HTLV‐1‐associated myeloneuropathy in an Italian

ABSTRACT A 58‐year old man presented with slowly progressive spastic paraparesis, ataxia, absent ankle jerks, bladder disturbances, impairment of vibration sense and mental deterioration. Electrophysiological studies documented axonal sensory neuropathy, posterior column and optic nerve involvement. Serum tests for anti‐HTLV‐1 antibodies were negative but HTLV‐1 proviral sequences were consistently demonstrated in white blood cell genomic DNA using the polymerase chain reaction technique. Western blot and polymerase chain reaction assays of sera and DNA from family members were negative for HTLV‐1. The most likely cause of infection in this patient was a blood transfusion received 2 years before onset of symptoms. This is the second Italian case of HTLV‐1 associated myelopathy and the fourth reported in white subjects living in Europe.
Reformulation Performance by Combining Content and Hypertext Analyses

Information retrieval techniques play a critical role in the development of the information systems. Different searches have focused on the way of improving the retrieval effectiveness. Query expansion via relevance feedback is a good technique that proved to be a good way to improve the retrieval performance. In this paper, we investigate new methods to improve the query reformulation process. A two step process is employed to reformulate query. In a preliminary step, a local set of documents is built from the retrieved result. In a second step, a co-occurrence analysis is performed on the local document set to deduce the terms to be used for the query expansion. To build the local set we use firstly a content-based analysis. It is a similarity study between the retrieved documents and the query. The second method combines content and hypertext analyses to achieve the local set construction. The TREC frame is used to evaluate the proposed processes.
Cerebral Microbleeds Are Associated With an Increased Risk of Stroke: The Rotterdam Study

Background— Cerebral microbleeds are highly prevalent in people with clinically manifest cerebrovascular disease and have been shown to increase the risk of stroke recurrence. Microbleeds are also frequently found in healthy elderly, a population in which the clinical implication of microbleeds is unknown. Methods and Results— In the population-based Rotterdam Study, the presence, number, and location of microbleeds were assessed at baseline on brain MRI of 4759 participants aged ≥45 years. Participants were followed for incident stroke throughout the study period (2005–2013). We used Cox proportional hazards to investigate if people with microbleeds were at increased risk of stroke in comparison with those without microbleeds, adjusting for demographic, genetic, and cardiovascular risk, and cerebrovascular imaging markers. Microbleed prevalence was 18.7% (median count 1 [1–111]). During mean follow-up of 4.9 years (standard deviation, 1.6) 93 strokes occurred (72 ischemic, 11 hemorrhagic, and 10 unspecified). Microbleed presence was associated with an increased risk of all strokes (hazard ratio, 1.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.25–2.99). The risk increased with greater microbleed count. In comparison with those without microbleeds, participants with microbleeds in locations suggestive of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (lobar with or without cerebellar microbleeds) were at increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (hazard ratio, 5.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.38–20.23). Microbleeds at other locations were associated with an increased risk of both ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. Conclusions— Microbleeds on MRI are associated with an increased risk of stroke in the general population. Our results strengthen the notion that microbleeds mark progression of cerebrovascular pathology and represent a precursor of stroke.
Cancer immunoediting: antigens, mechanisms, and implications to cancer immunotherapy

Accumulated data from animal models and human cancer patients strongly support the concept that the immune system can identify and control nascent tumor cells in a process called cancer immunosurveillance. In addition, the immune system can also promote tumor progression through chronic inflammation, immunoselection of poorly immunogenic variants, and suppressing antitumor immunity. Together, the dual host‐protective and tumor‐promoting actions of immunity are referred to as cancer immunoediting. The current framework of cancer immunoediting is a dynamic process comprised of three distinct phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape. Recently, we demonstrated that immunoselection by CD8+ T cells of tumor variants lacking strong tumor‐specific antigens represents one mechanism by which cancer cells escape tumor immunity and points toward the future of personalized cancer therapy.
Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reduces Microvascular Obstruction and Intramyocardial Hemorrhagein a Porcine Ischemia-Reperfusion Model

Background: Microvascular obstruction (MVO) and Intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) are associated with myocardial reperfusion injury and recognized as predictors of adverse left ventricular remodeling in acute myocardial infarction. The pathophysiology of reperfusion injury is characterized by release of reactive oxygen species and inflammation. We investigated whether post-ischemic reperfusion with Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), an organic solvent with therapeutic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities, could diminish or even abrogate the development of MVO and IMH in a porcine myocardial ischemia/reperfusion model. Methods and Results: Myocardial ischemia was induced in 20 pigs by balloon occlusion of the Left anterior descending artery (LAD) for 65 minutes. The pigs were allocated to one-hour reperfusion with DMSO or placebo. Eight days post-injury, IMH, MVO, left ventricular function, and myocardial salvage were assessed by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) imaging; and IMH and myocardial salvage were also assessed by gross pathology. All pigs in the placebo group (100%) but only 10% of the pigs in the DMSO group had IMH. CMR imaging showed presence of MVO in all placebo-treated pigs (100%) and 88% of the DMSO-treated pig and the MVO size was 45% (p=0.03) smaller in DSMO treated pigs. No difference in myocardial salvage between the placebo and the DMSO group was found by CMR, and pathological investigation and global left ventricular function examination showed no difference between the two study groups. Conclusion: Reperfusion with a DMSO-containing solvent applied during ischemic reperfusion protected against IMH and MVO in a porcine myocardial ischemic/reperfusion model.
Optimal resource allocation for multiusers FDMA-based cognitive radio with mutual interference threshold

The performance of a cognitive radio (CR) system depends on how to optimally allocate available resources (e.g., bandwidth, subcarrier and power) of a free frequency band without causing any interference to the primary user (PU). We consider a secondary usage of spectrum scenario with the coexistence of primary and secondary users. For such a system, we study the problem of optimizing subcarrier and power allocation with the objective of maximizing sum capacity of CR users such that the received interference at primary users remain below a threshold level as well as mutual interferences between secondary users are guaranteed to be below a satisfied threshold. The CR coordinator needs to determine the position and power which are assigned to each CR user while considering the interference threshold between CR users and from PU to CR users. The proposed scenario is valid in Broadcast, Unicast and Multicast transmission. The effects of adjacent the number of subcarriers for each CR user, which is to reduce mutual interference between CR users and interference between CR and PU, on the proposed scenario have been presented. Numerical studies are performed to compare the performance of CR system with and without considering of mutual interference.
A Common Pesticide Decreases Foraging Success and Survival in Honey Bees

Bad News for Bees Neonicotinoid insecticides were introduced in the early 1990s and have become one of the most widely used crop pesticides in the world. These compounds act on the insect central nervous system, and they have been shown to be persistent in the environment and in plant tissues. Recently, there have been controversial connections made between neonicotinoids and pollinator deaths, but the mechanisms underlying these potential deaths have remained unknown. Whitehorn et al. (p. 351, published online 29 March) exposed developing colonies of bumble bees to low levels of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid and then released them to forage under natural conditions. Treated colonies displayed reduced colony growth and less reproductive success, and they produced significantly fewer queens to found subsequent generations. Henry et al. (p. 348, published online 29 March) documented the effects of low-dose, nonlethal intoxication of another widely used neonicotinoid, thiamethoxam, on wild foraging honey bees. Radio-frequency identification tags were used to determine navigation success of treated foragers, which suggested that their homing success was much reduced relative to untreated foragers. Honey bees cannot find their way home after exposure to sublethal doses of a widely used insecticide. Nonlethal exposure of honey bees to thiamethoxam (neonicotinoid systemic pesticide) causes high mortality due to homing failure at levels that could put a colony at risk of collapse. Simulated exposure events on free-ranging foragers labeled with a radio-frequency identification tag suggest that homing is impaired by thiamethoxam intoxication. These experiments offer new insights into the consequences of common neonicotinoid pesticides used worldwide.
Early experience with high-intensity focused ultrasound for the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). PATIENTS AND METHODS The study comprised 25 patients (mean age 67 years: range 47-84) with BPH treated using the Sonoblate HIFU device. Patients were evaluated before and after one treatment of HIFU using the American Urological Association (AUA) symptom score, peak urinary flow rate (Qmax) and a quality-of-life (QOL) score, and any complications were noted. RESULTS Five patients with large glands were withdrawn because the failure rate was high in these patients. The remaining 20 patients showed a mean improvements in the AUA symptom score (20.25 to 9.56), Qmax (9.2 to 13.7 mL/s) and QOL score (4.75 to 2.50). There were no major complications. CONCLUSIONS HIFU is safe, produces minimal side-effects or complications and relieves the symptoms of prostatism.
Cultivating Trust: Norms, Institutions and the Implications of Scale

We study the co-evolution of norms and institutions in order to better understand the conditions under which potential gains from new trading opportunities are realized. New trading opportunities are particularly vulnerable to opportunistic behavior and therefore tend to provide fertile ground for cheating. Cheating discourages production, raising equilibrium prices and therefore the return to cheating, thereby encouraging further cheating. However, such conditions also provide institutional designers with relatively high incentives to improve institutions. We show how an escape from the shadow of opportunism requires that institutional improvements out-pace the deterioration of norms. A key prediction from the model emerges: larger economies are more likely to evolve to steady states with strong honesty norms. This prediction is tested using a cross section of countries; population size is found to have a significant positive relationship with a measure of trust, even when controlling for standard determinants of trust and institutional quality.
ULTRATHIN FROZEN SECTIONS

Endogenous enzyme activity can be readily and routinely demonstrated in ultrathin, frozen sections for electron microscopy. The procedure employed to obtain the best structural preservation as well as enzyme activity in thin sections involved fixation in glutaraldehyde, embedding in thiolated gelatin or pure gelatin, partial dehydration in glycerol, and sectioning in a cryostat at -35°C with a slightly modified Porter-Blum microtome on which the tissue is maintained at -70°C and the knife at -23°C. Kidney cortex was used as test tissue, but a few other organs were occasionally used. Thin sections were floated on the surface of several incubation media routinely employed for enzyme cytochemistry. Positive, specific reactions were obtained for alkaline phosphatase in kidney brush border, for adenosine triphosphatase in brush border and in basal membranes of distal tubules, for acid phosphatase and esterase in lysosomes, and for NADH diaphorase in mitochondria. Mitochondrial ATPase was sporadically evident only in the distal tubule of the kidney. Localizations of enzyme activity reported by other technical approaches were confirmed and in some cases somewhat improved.