Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changing spots: pseudocryptic speciation in the North Pacific dorid nudibranch Diaulula sandiegensis (Cooper, 1863) (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia)

Molecular and morphological evidence indicates that the widespread North Pacific species Diaulula sandiegensis is a complex of two pseudocryptic species. One ranges from the Sea of Japan to northern California, whereas the other is found from northern California to Baja California. The name Diaulula sandiegensis applies to the southern species and Diaulula odonoghuei Steinberg, 1963 to the northern species; a neotype is designated for the latter. The two have consistent differences in colour pattern that were overlooked in previous studies. Field observations from San Diego, California, to Bamfield, British Columbia, revealed that the ranges of the two species partially overlap: D. odonoghuei is restricted to intertidal and bay habitats from Fort Bragg, California northwards, whereas D. sandiegensis is found throughout the entire region and is more common in subtidal habitats. Both species feed primarily on a sponge, Haliclona sp. , in intertidal habitats, but faecal analysis indicated that D. sandiegensis in subtidal habitats feeds on Neopetrosia problematica. Haplotype-network analyses reveal substantial levels of genetic diversity in both species, which is highly structured in D. odonoghuei, suggesting a complex history for this species. Field surveys, a common garden experiment and a mating study were conducted to investigate the presence of assortative mating. During two mating trials, individuals that encountered one another for the first time always mated with the same species (11 matings). Reproductive isolation in the form of premating barriers may explain the absence of gene flow between these geographically overlapping sister species. A molecular-clock analysis indicates that glacial events may have played a role in speciation and the origin of population structure in the D. sandiegensis species complex, possibly through climate-driven vicariant events.
Biomass Saccharification and Screening for Production of Pectinase from Physocladia obscura JEL 513

Aim: This study documents for the first time the production of pectinase by Physocladia obscura JEL 513 and the optimization of its production in solid-state fermentation. Study Design: OFAT (One Factor At a Time). fermented citrus peels fibers. Conclusion: These results suggest that P. obscura JEL 513 shows promise in transforming agro-waste into a substrate for commercial enzyme production with potential broad benefits for regional economies.
Eco-friendly Pest Management Using Monoterpenoids-III: Antibacterial Efficacy of Carvacrol Derivatives #

Monoterpenoids are the natural products having pest management potency against different agricultural as well as public health pests. Ether and ester derivatives of carvacrol, [2-methyl-5- (1-methyl ethyl) phenol], a natural phenolic monoterpenoid, were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against B.megaterium, B.japonicum, B.polymyxa and B. substilits to establish structure-activity relationships. In overall studies, carvacrol esters exhibited better antibacterial potency and efficacy than ethers. An introduction of aliphatic side chains with increasing methylene group and olefinc double bond reflected least effect on activity. However, aromatic moiety, additional olefinic bond and also carboxylic group in the side chain resulted in the compounds with improved and better antibacterial potency over the parent molecule.
HUNTINGTON GENE ONTOLOGICAL STUDY AND ORTHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

Huntington gene is located on chromosome 4p16.3 IT15 locus considered a major causative gene of Huntington disorder. HTT is a neurodegenerative disorder mutation in gene cause abnormal movements and psychiatric disturbances. HTT is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner with almost complete penetrance and till now, no research studies provide insight into HTT gene. Bioinformatics analysis includes transcription factors binding sites, phylogenetic studies with reference to various selected orthologs and syntenic relationship of HTT gene. Our study showed that in HTT gene majority of the portion is conserved among two orthologs chimpanzee and mouse in significance to human. These studies also revealed information about conservation of genes among different ortholog species and their evolutionary relationship.
Polystomatidae (Monogenea) parasitic in the anuran genus Kassina in South Africa

Combes & Channing (1978-79) expressed the opinion that the discontinuity between the range of Polystoma natalensis, descriptionbed by them from Natal in South Africa, and those of other African species of the genus, was probably due to a lack of documentation. An investigation into the parasite loads of several anuran species in the central and eastern parts of the Orange Free State led to the discovery of another new South African species of Polystoma, harboured in running frogs of the genus Kassina which has not previously been known as a host of adult polystomes. Detailed information is given on the morphological characteristics of the larval, juvenile and mature parasites, while information on parasite and host ecology and distribution is also included.
Optimized procedures for extractioin, purification and characterization of exopolymeric substances (eps) from two bacteria (sagittula stellata and pseudomonas fluorescens biovar ii) with relevance to the study of actinide binding in aquatic environments

Optimized Procedures for Extraction, Purification and Characterization of Exopolymeric Substances (EPS) from Two Bacteria (Sagittula stellata and Pseudomonas fluorescens Biovar II) with Relevance to the Study of Actinide Binding in Aquatic Environments. (December 2007) Chen Xu, B.S., Xiamen University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Peter H. Santschi The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of marine bacterium Sagittula stellata and soil bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Biovar II, were extracted by six methods referred to the bibliography, efficacies of which were compared based on the EPS yield, composition as well as cell disturbance. Purification methods on these EPS were also improved, which proved to be more cost-effective and involve less interference from broth, compared to previous methods. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) proved to be a useful tool, providing the “fingerprints” of the EPS extracted by different methods or after each purification step. Studies of the EPS production and composition at different growth stages provided abundant information and a basis for further in-depth studies. Results from SEC demonstrated that bacterial EPS had a constant molecular weight distribution all through the life but with various polymers in different proportions. Three fractions were successfully isolated by a combination of SEC and anion exchange chromatography for “non-attched” EPS produced by Pseudomonas flurorescens Biovar II. Protein turned out to be a major component of EPS in their native states, which was
Investigation on the phytochemicals present in the fruit peel of Carica papaya and evaluation of its antioxidant properties

Background: Plants have the major advantage of being the most treasured and cheaper alternative supplies of drugs. Phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables have gained increasing interest among consumers, and the scientific community as epidemiological studies has indicated that regular consumption of phytochemicals is related to a lower risk of noncommunicable diseases. Aim: The aim of the present study was to prepare extracts from the peel of indigenous fruit Carica papaya using five different solvents and to carry out qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis to establish the different classes of compounds present in the fruit peel and evaluate its antioxidant property by radical scavenging methods. Materials and Methods: Evaluate the antioxidant property of C. papaya peel by radical scavenging methods. Results: The various extracts revealed the presence of phytoconstituents such as phenols, flavonoids, and tannins in appreciable amounts and the antioxidant potential of papaya peel which can be used as a functional food to prevent and treat diseases.
Construction, Expression and Characterization of Multi Cassettes Encoding Indonesian Small Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (s-HBsAg) in Methylotropic Yeast Pichia pastoris

Hepatitis B is the most common liver infection worldwide. The recombinant Virus Like Particles (VLP) of small Hepatitis B surface antigen (s-HBsAg) vaccine provides excellent protection against Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). In this study, we have generated a construct of Pichia pastoris recombinant which comprises multi expression cassettes encoding s-HBsAg which belongs to HBV B3 genotype predominantly found in Indonesia. An expression cassette containing a synthetic codon optimized open reading frame of HBV B3 genotype/adw serotype s-HBsAg was cloned into pAO815 to generate pAOHBs1 in Escherichia coli. The expression cassette from pAOHBs1 was subsequently isolated and ligated with recombinant previously obtained, generated recombinant plasmid containing 2, 3 and 4 direct repeats of HBsAg expression cassette. The resulted recombinant containing 4 expression cassettes was integrated to P. pastoris genome. Positive integrants and stability during cultivation were identified by PCR and qPCR. The expression of s-HBsAg was induced by methanol and analyzed by SDS PAGE and western blotting. Nucleotide sequencing analysis showed that the inserted fragment encodes amino acids with 100% similarity compared to that designed for HBV B3 genotype. The PCR and qPCR analysis showed that stable P. pastoris integrated with 4 s-HBsAg expression cassette was successfully obtained with methanol utilizing slow phenotype. A protein band with apparent molecular weight which similar to s-HBsAg size was detected based on a SDS PAGE and western blot analysis. A stable integrant of P. pastoris containing four expression cassettes of HBV B3 genotype s-HBsAg capable of producing a vaccine candidate against Hepatitis B was generated.
Effect of variety and seed rate of mungbean on weed suppression and yield under strip tillage system

Mungbean can successfully be grown under strip tillage system if appropriate seeding rate can determine and adjust with machine. Due to high weed pressure in strip tillage system, selection of such mungbean varieties that have some potentialities to suppress weeds need to find out and moreover, determining optimum seed rate for different varieties could help to achieve best yield. Therefore, a study was conducted at Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during March-June, 2013 to study the effect of variety and seed rate on weed suppression and yield performance of mungbean under strip tillage system. The study comprised three mungbean varieties (BARI mung-6, BINA mung-5 and BINA mung-8) and five seed rates (20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 kg ha -1 ). The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. The study exposed that variety and seed rate had significant effect on plant population of mungbean, weed dry matter, number of pods plant -1 , pod length, number of seeds pod -1 , seed yield and stover yield of mungbean. The study results clearly found that weed population significantly reduced with increasing seeding rate of mungbean. Seeding of mungbean at 40 kg ha -1 and 35 kg ha -1 could successfully suppress weed under strip tillage system. Moreover, BINA mung-8 and BINA mung-5 had the more potentiality to suppress weeds compare to BARI mung-6. However, BINA mung-5 was found the superior among the three tested varieties that produced the highest seed yield from 35 kg ha -1 seed rate. In case of BARI mung-6 and BINA mung-8, maximum seed yield was also obtained from 35 kg ha -1 seed rate. Therefore, the study concluded that seeding of any of the three mungbean varieties at 35 kg ha -1 rate may help to obtain the satisfactory yield but the study suggest cultivation of BINA mung-5 at 35 kg ha -1 seeding rate under strip tillage system that will give not only the optimum seed yield but also provide good weed suppression. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(1): 49-56, June 2016
Effects of prebiotic Immunogen on growth performance, intestinal bacteria colonization, and survival rate in Rutilus kutum fry

This study was carried out to determine the effects of Immunogen as a prebiotic on growth-related parameters and gut micro-flora in R. kutum fry. A basal diet was formulated using common feed ingredients supplemented with Immunogen at 0, 1, 1.5, and 2 g kg-1 leading to four experimental diets. Fish were randomly distributed in 500 L ﬁberglass tanks (1×1×0.5 m). The experiment lasted for eight weeks and the water temperature ranged between 21-24 °C. R. kutum fry with an initial weight of 300 ± 1.7 mg and were randomly distributed in the experimental tanks. At the end of the experiment, growth performance, feed efficiency, and gut micro-flora were assessed. Results showed that inclusion of 1g kg-1 Immunogen improved final weight, feed conversion efficiency (FCR), and specific growth rate (SGR) (p<0.01) in the fry. A larger survival rate of R. kutum fry was observed at 1 g kg-1 prebiotic inclusion level (p<0.01). However, body protein, fat, and ash were not influenced by prebiotic inclusion. Supplementation of 1 g kg-1 prebiotic increased the total count of bacteria (p<0.05), but bacterial count did not change at 1.5 and 2 g kg-1 prebiotic inclusion compared to control diet. In conclusion, Immunogen administration of 1 g kg-1 is capable of improving the nutrients efficiency and performance of R. kutum fry through growth stimulation of beneficial intestinal bacteria.
Evaluation of glutaraldehyde, chloramine-T, bronopol, Incimaxx Aquatic® and hydrogen peroxide as biocides against Flavobacterium psychrophilum for sanitization of rainbow trout eyed eggs.

The effective conditions of glutaraldehyde, chloramine-T, bronopol, Incimaxx Aquatic® and hydrogen peroxide as some biocides commonly used by the aquaculture industry were investigated against F. psychrophilum in sanitization of rainbow trout eyed eggs. Bacteriostatic tests as well as bactericidal tests using ethidium monoazide bromide PCR assays were conducted in vitro on Flavobacterium psychrophilum while impacts of chemical treatments were studied in vivo on 240 [°C × days] rainbow trout eyed eggs. A 20-min contact time with bronopol (up to 2,000 ppm), chloramine-T (up to 1,200 ppm), glutaraldehyde (up to 1,500 ppm), hydrogen peroxide (up to 1,500 ppm) or with Incimaxx Aquatic® (up to 185 ppm, eq. peracetic acid) was effective against F. psychrophilum and did not affect the eyed eggs/fry viability. Collectively, the data obtained here clearly demonstrate that concentrations and duration of treatments commonly used to sanitize eyed eggs are widely overestimated in their effectiveness against F. psychrophilum. The new treatment conditions with the five studied biocides are bactericidal for F. psychrophilum and safe for rainbow trout eyed eggs. In this work, we developed an experimental approach to test some chemicals against fish pathogens to assist fish farmers in the effective and safe disinfection of eyed eggs.
Les Anthicidae de la faune de France : compléments aux Notoxinae (Coleoptera)

Suite a la decouverte recente de deux especes nouvelles de Notoxus pour la faune de France, N. simulans en 1989 et N. lonai tout recemment, un complement a la revision des especes francaises des Notoxinae est propose : cle d'identification illustree des Notoxus, synonymies, repartitions et description plus detaillee des deux especes recemment decouvertes.
Floral longevity, nectar production, pollen release, and stigma receptivity in Haskap ( Lonicera caerulea )

Haskap ( Lonicera caerulea L.) is a temperate fruiting shrub grown commercially in northern regions of Europe, Asia, and North America. Haskap is self-incompatible and requires insect pollinators in order to set fruit; however, very little is currently known about its floral biology or pollinator specializations, particularly in North American cultivars. Here, we examine floral longevity, nectar dynamics, the timing of anther dehiscence, and stigma receptivity in flowers of greenhouse-grown ‘Tundra’, a Haskap cultivar developed and grown in Saskatchewan, Canada. Anthesis lasted 83.3 ± 25.9 hours (mean ± SD) in un-pollinated flowers; pollination caused early senescence within 34.3 ± 15.2 hours after pollination. Nectar was present from the onset of anthesis, and nectar volume peaked at 9-16 hours after opening. Nectar volume was maintained throughout anthesis and was not resorbed prior to abscission of the corolla from the ovary, and nectar removed during anthesis was replenished to the original volume. The stigma showed a reaction to hydrogen peroxide while still in the bud stage, suggesting it is receptive even before the flower opens. Early stigma receptivity, nectar production, and anther dehiscence maximize opportunities to be successfully pollinated, along with high floral longevity and pollination-triggered senescence. These results suggest that Haskap flowers utilize a generalist, rather than a specialized, pollination strategy. Observations that some flowers open in the evening or were already open in the morning suggest that nocturnal pollinators such as moths may be important, in addition to known diurnal pollinators.
Efficient Cumulant-Based Methods for Joint Angle and Frequency Estimation Using Spatial-Temporal Smoothing

Most non-Gaussian signals in wireless communication array systems contain temporal correlation under a high sampling rate, which can offer more accurate direction of arrival (DOA) and frequency estimates and a larger identifiability. However, in practice, the estimation performance may severely degrade in coloured noise environments. To tackle this issue, we propose real-valued joint angle and frequency estimation (JAFE) algorithms for non-Gaussian signals using fourth-order cumulants. By exploiting the temporal correlation embedded in signals, a series of augmented cumulant matrices is constructed. For independent signals, the DOA and frequency estimates can be obtained, respectively, by leveraging a dual rotational invariance property. For coherent signals, the dual rotational invariance is constructed to estimate the generalized steering vectors, which associates the coherent signals into different groups. Then, the coherent signals in each group can be resolved by performing the forward-backward spatial smoothing. The proposed schemes not only improve the estimation accuracy, but also resolve many more signals than sensors. Besides, it is computationally efficient since it performs the estimation by the polynomial rooting in the real number field. Simulation results demonstrate the superiorities of the proposed estimator to its state-of-the-art counterparts on identifiability, estimation accuracy and robustness, especially for coherent signals.
Optimal Prescriptive Trees

Motivated by personalized decision making, given observational data [Formula: see text] involving features [Formula: see text], assigned treatments or prescriptions [Formula: see text], and outcomes [Formula: see text], we propose a tree-based algorithm called optimal prescriptive tree (OPT) that uses either constant or linear models in the leaves of the tree to predict the counterfactuals and assign optimal treatments to new samples. We propose an objective function that balances optimality and accuracy. OPTs are interpretable and highly scalable, accommodate multiple treatments, and provide high-quality prescriptions. We report results involving synthetic and real data that show that OPTs either outperform or are comparable with several state-of-the-art methods. Given their combination of interpretability, scalability, generalizability, and performance, OPTs are an attractive alternative for personalized decision making in a variety of areas, such as online advertising and personalized medicine.
Derivative-Free Optimization of Noisy Functions via Quasi-Newton Methods

This paper presents a finite difference quasi-Newton method for the minimization of noisy functions. The method takes advantage of the scalability and power of BFGS updating, and employs an adaptive procedure for choosing the differencing interval $h$ based on the noise estimation techniques of Hamming (2012) and Mor\'e and Wild (2011). This noise estimation procedure and the selection of $h$ are inexpensive but not always accurate, and to prevent failures the algorithm incorporates a recovery mechanism that takes appropriate action in the case when the line search procedure is unable to produce an acceptable point. A novel convergence analysis is presented that considers the effect of a noisy line search procedure. Numerical experiments comparing the method to a function interpolating trust region method are presented.
1 Modular Rotor Single Phase Field Excited Flux 2 Switching Machine With Non-Overlapped Windings 3

Abstract: In recent years, numerous topologies of single phase and three phase Field Excited Flux11 Switching Machine (FEFSM) have been developed for several applications. Comparative study of 12 three types of single-phase low-priced Field Excited Flux-Switching Machine (FEFSM) is presented 13 in this paper. Both the conventional 8S/4P sub-part rotor design and 6S/3P salient rotor design have 14 an overlapped winding arrangements between armature coil and field excitation coil that depicts 15 high copper losses as well as results in increased size of motor. Additionally, FEFSM with salient 16 structure of the rotor have high flux strength in the stator-core that has much impact on high iron 17 losses. Copper consumption and iron loss being a crucial proportion in total machine losses. 18 Therefore a novel topology of single phase modular rotor field excited FSM with 8S/6P 19 configuration is proposed, which enable non-overlap arrangement between armature coil and FEC 20 winding that facilitates devaluation in the copper losses. The proposed modular rotor design 21 acquires reduced iron losses as well as reduced active rotor mass comparatively to conventional 22 rotor design. It is very persuasive to analyze the best range of speed for these rotors to avoid cracks 23 and deformation, the maximum tensile strength (can be measured with principal stress in research) 24 of the rotor analysis is conducted using JMAG. A deterministic optimization technique is used to 25 enhance the performance of 8S/6P modular rotor design. The electromagnetic performance of 26 conventional sub-part rotor design, F1-A3-3P design and proposed novel-modular rotor design are 27 analyzed by 3D-Finite Element Analysis (3D-FEA), includes flux linkage, flux distribution, flux 28 strength, back-EMF, cogging torque, torque characteristics, iron losses and efficiency. 29
Optimal Determination of Purchaser's Order Quantity and Producer's Process Mean

Determination of optimum mean of the process characteristic is an important theme in quality improvement. Meanwhile, economic selection of order quantity is a key factor in inventory management since an inappropriate order quantity may result in unreasonably high inventory or stockout cost. In the present paper, we modify Chen and Liu’s model [8] to simultaneously determine the optimal purchaser’s order quantity and producer’s process mean by incorporating an asymmetric loss function. The solution procedure for this modified model is developed and numerical examples are given for illustration. Based on the sensitivity analyses, the common parameters having significant effects on the expected total profit of the system are the selling price per unit to the customer (R) and the mean demand of customer (x). Therefore, accurate estimation of R and x in order to obtain the optimal control on the order quantity and the maximum expected total profit of the system would be highly