Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fitossociologia e estrutura diamétrica da mata de galeria do Taquara, na reserva ecológica do IBGE, DF

(Floristics and structure of the, IBGE, Federal District, Brazil). Despite been protected by law gallery forests have been systematically replaced by other uses. The study focused on the Taquara gallery forest within the Ecological Reserve of the "Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica" in the Federal District, Central Brazil. One thousand trees (DBH ³ 5cm) were recorded using the point centered-quarter (PCQ) method. A total of 250 sampling points were established in sampling lines from the stream margins to the forest-cerrado border and distributed from the head to the mouth of the stream. The floristic composition, phytosociology and diameter distribution were analyzed. One hundred and ten species of 49 families were found. The most important families were: Leguminosae, Rubiaceae, Anacardiaceae, Euphorbiaceae e Sapindaceae, while the most important species were: Tapirira guianensis, Copaifera langsdorffii, Lamanonia ternata, Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil, Piptocarpha macropoda, Alibertia macrophylla, Matayba guianensis, Pera glabrata, Guettarda viburnioides e Ixora warmingii. Density and basal area were estimated as 1573 trees.ha-1 and 38.5 m². ha-1 respectively. Diameter distribution indicated a tendency to an inverted `J' curve revealing low levels of disturbance in this gallery forest. A floristic comparison with 21 gallery forests in the Federal District indicated Taquara gallery forest as a rich site including 110 (29,1%) of the 378 species recorded and Sorensen similarities ranging from 0,34 to 0,80 within the studied forests.
A Simplified SVM-Based Fault-Tolerant Strategy for Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Converters

The cascaded H-bridge multilevel converter (CHMC) is a promising topology for medium- and high-voltage applications, as it features modularity and scalability. In this letter, a simplified space vector modulation (SVM)-based reconfiguration strategy is proposed to enable fault-tolerant operation of a CHMC. Assuming that the faulty power cells are bypassed, the proposed strategy decomposes the asymmetric CHMC into two parts, i.e., healthy part with healthy modules and unhealthy part with faulty modules. Consequently, the basic reference vector (BRV) and the remainder reference vector (RRV) are generated from the reference vector (RV) to achieve balanced line-to-line voltages and currents with optimized harmonic performance. The proposed strategy can be easily implemented online. Performance and effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by experimental results.
International Expansion of Social Enterprises as a Catalyst for Scaling up Social Impact across Borders

Scaling social impact and solutions beyond the local context is argued to embody a key mechanism for social enterprises (SEs) to contribute to the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and to generate welfare-enhancing systemic change. In light of this, this article explores the potential of SE international expansion as a catalyst for scaling social impact across borders. From our reading of the literature, we discern three major typologies of cross-border scaling: Control-based, altruism-based, and hybrid. Drawing on a multiple-case study of nine international SEs, we examine why and how SEs deploy these scaling strategies on an international scale; the challenges to maximize social impact across borders associated with each of the scaling strategies, and the resources and actions that SEs can mobilize to manage such challenges associated with international expansion. Contrary to conventional wisdom and mainstream theory depicting SEs as small-sized organizations that suffer from different limitations to expand beyond their traditional national boundaries, our findings illustrate how these organizations can successfully operate on an international scale and simultaneously generate financial, social, and environmental value.
Transient replication of human papillomavirus type 16 in HEK293T cells.

Our knowledge regarding human papillomaviruses (HPVs) replication remains very limited, in part due to the lack of a cell culture system for HPV replication. Here we present evidence that the plasmid containing the full-length HPV-16 genome can replicate and produce virus-like particles (VLPs) in HEK293T cells. At 48 h after transfection of the plasmid containing HPV-16 genome into HEK293T cell line, HPV-16 VLPs were observed from the cells with an electron micrograph, the virus DNAs existed in HEK293 cells for at least 60 h, and the fresh HPV-16 DNAs were synthesized at 20 h after transfection. The transcripts of E1, L1 and E1^E4 also were detected by RT-PCR. Therefore, HPV-16 genes expressed and HPV-16 VLPs formed in the cells. These results suggest that HEK293T cells allow HPV-16 replicates transiently.
Forty Years of Vegetation Changes on the Pumice Desert, Crater Lake National Park, Oregon

Abstract The Pumice Desert is a pumice flat occupying about 640 ha along the northern portion of Crater Lake National Park. It is surrounded by lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. murrayana) forest. The purpose of the study was to identify the factors maintaining the open, barren nature of the area and to monitor vegetation changes. The initial vegetation survey on the Pumice Desert was conducted in 1965. Nine 0.04-ha strip plots and one rectangular 40.5-ha plot were marked with iron rods to monitor herbaceous plants and lodgepole pine. The plots were resurveyed in 1977, 1995, 2000, and 2005. Only 14 species were initially found in the 0.04-ha plots; an additional species was found in 2005. Plant numbers varied in the 0.04-ha plots during four surveys spanning 40 years. Vegetation was sparse with about 5% coverage. However, the number of trees in the 40.5-ha plot nearly tripled in the 40 years the area has been monitored. This paper documents the changes that have taken place over 40 years and offers rationale for the slow speed of plant succession. It also documents the predominance of multiple-trunked lodgepole pine within the study area and evaluates possible causes.
Kelly Cache Networks

We study networks of M/M/1 queues in which nodes act as caches that store objects. Exogenous requests for objects are routed towards nodes that store them; as a result, object traffic in the network is determined not only by demand but, crucially, by where objects are cached. We determine how to place objects in caches to attain a certain design objective, such as, e.g., minimizing network congestion or retrieval delays. We show that for a broad class of objectives, including minimizing both the expected network delay and the sum of network queue lengths, this optimization problem can be cast as an NP-hard submodular maximization problem. We show that so-called <italic>continuous greedy</italic> algorithm attains a ratio arbitrarily close to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1-1/e\approx 0.63$ </tex-math></inline-formula> using a deterministic estimation via a power series; this drastically reduces execution time over prior art, which resorts to sampling. Finally, we show that our results generalize, beyond M/M/1 queues, to networks of M/M/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and symmetric M/D/1 queues.
Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning in Fog Computing

Federated learning can combine a large number of scattered user groups and train models collaboratively without uploading data sets, so as to avoid the server collecting user sensitive data. However, the model of federated learning will expose the training set information of users, and the uneven amount of data owned by users in multiple users’ scenarios will lead to the inefficiency of training. In this article, we propose a privacy-preserving federated learning scheme in fog computing. Acting as a participant, each fog node is enabled to collect Internet-of-Things (IoT) device data and complete the learning task in our scheme. Such design effectively improves the low training efficiency and model accuracy caused by the uneven distribution of data and the large gap of computing power. We enable IoT device data to satisfy $\varepsilon $ -differential privacy to resist data attacks and leverage the combination of blinding and Paillier homomorphic encryption against model attacks, which realize the security aggregation of model parameters. In addition, we formally verified our scheme can not only guarantee both data security and model security but completely resist collusion attacks launched by multiple malicious entities. Our experiments based on the Fashion-MNIST data set prove that our scheme is highly efficient in practice.
Multilayer Packaging SIW Three-Way Filtering Power Divider With Adjustable Power Division

A new three-way filtering power divider (FPD) design based on multilayer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) with equal/unequal power division is proposed in this brief. By elaborately integrating three same-type slotline-microstrip transition structures with a pair of TE101-mode resonant cavities, dual-mode three-way filtering power division response is attained in the design. Owing to the loading effect of the common coupling slot, one transmission zero is generated to improve lower passband selectivity. Furthermore, three-way equal and unequal power division can be achieved by flexibly changing the length of the microstrip line beyond the coupling slot. Simultaneously, favorable in-band port-to-port isolation is obtained by loading isolation resistors between the three output microstrip lines. For demonstration, two FPD prototypes with different power division ratios (1:1:1 and 1:1:1.5) operating at 11.8 GHz are designed, fabricated, and tested. The measured results agree well with the simulation results, verifying the presented design concept.
Assembly and secretion of recombinant chains of human inter‐α‐trypsin inhibitor in COS‐7 cells

The inter-α-trypsin inhibitor (ITI) family is a group of structurally related plasma serine protease inhibitors. The ITI family members consist of combinations of mature heavy chains named HC1, HC2, HC3 linked to bikunin (a Kunitz-type protease inhibitor) by a covalent interchain protein–glycosaminoglycan–protein cross-link. The biosynthesis of the ITI family members takes place in the liver. In this report we examine the biosynthesis of these proteins using transient transfected COS-7 cells expressing one or more combinations of human ITI chains. The processing and secretion of α1-microglobulin and bikunin does not require the ITI heavy chains. A small proportion of the H3 chain seems to be processed into the HC3 form in the absence of the other ITI chains. In contrast, the processing of H2 into HC2 needs the presence of the L chain. The COS-7 cells are able to link the HC2 and HC3 heavy chains with bikunin by means of a chondroitin sulfate bridge, and thus to generate 260-kDa ITI-like proteins as well as pre-α-trypsin inhibitor (PαI). However, the maturation of the Hl chain into HC1 and the assembly of HC1 inside multichain proteins may take place according to a mechanism which differs from that of the H2 and H3 chains. These results indicate that the assembly of the constituent chains of the ITI-like proteins and PαI is not dependent on the liver machinery.
Identification of Tea Red Leaf Spot and Tea Red Scab Based on Hybrid Feature Optimization

Tea leaf diseases seriously affect the quality and the yield of tea. In order to determine whether the tea leaves are infected by diseases or any types of infection, technical support is essential for taking appropriate measures of disease control. Images of normal tea leaves, tea leaves infected with Tea Red Leaf Spot, and leaves infected with Tea Red Scab disease were studied. An identification algorithm for both of the tea leaf diseases based on hybrid feature optimization was proposed. First, the image features were extracted using the Histogram of Oriented Gradient and the Inception v3 model. Then, hybrid feature optimization processing was performed on two types of extracted features. Finally, the Gradient Boosting Decision Tree algorithm was used as the classifier for the identification of tea leaf diseases. Experiments demonstrate that the hybrid feature optimization algorithm reduces the image feature from 36, 068 to less than 150 dimensions while maintaining a high identification accuracy, which greatly reduces the complexity of the identification algorithm. At the same time, the identification accuracy of tea leaf diseases based on hybrid feature optimization algorithm were higher than 95%.
Genetic diversity for seed protein composition in Medicago truncatula

Fifty lines of Medicago truncatula, derived from ecotypes or cultivars of diverse geographical origin, were grown under uniform conditions, and variation in seed protein composition and quantity was investigated. One-dimensional electrophoretic profiles revealed 46 major seed polypeptides, of which 26 were polymorphic within the collection. The vicilin/convicilin (7S) and the legumin (11S) type proteins were identified by immunoblotting using antibodies raised against the homologous pea proteins. The polymorphism for the major seed protein classes allowed the clustering of the genotypes into four groups. There was no evidence of clustering according to geographical origin of the lines. However, all lines not belonging to either M. truncatula ssp. truncatula or ssp. longispina were clustered in a single group, demonstrating the value of seed protein profiles in delimiting species boundaries. The Jemalong line group was differentiated early in the dendrogram, and thus represents an ancient clade in the seed diversity of M. truncatula. Within-accession variation was investigated for one-dimensional seed profiles, with additional lines obtained from the same ecotypes. As expected for an autogamous species, within-accession variation was low. Seed protein content was highly variable among the 50 lines examined. Lines contrasting for qualitative traits and seed protein content were identified to allow for the genetic determination of these characters.
Career Goals and Student Perceptions of a Post-Professional Occupational Therapy Doctoral Experiential Component

Clinical doctoral education for occupational therapy includes the acquisition of advanced clinical reasoning skills, leadership capacity, and opportunities for professional development and career achievement. Post-professional students represent motivated individuals seeking to enhance their education, experiences, and explore professional growth opportunities. While not required, the final semester of a clinical doctoral program typically includes a doctoral experiential component (DEC), or culminating project. The purpose of this retrospective, mixed-methods study was to examine the DEC goals and experiences of post-professional occupational therapy doctoral (POTD) students. A total of 49 student DEC proposals, each including multiple personal goals, were categorized according to one or more POTD program goals. The most frequently selected long-term DEC goals by participants in this study were developing educative roles (n = 37, 27.30%), scholarly activities (n = 31, 22.96%), and advanced clinical skills (n = 31, 22.96). The DEC goals developed by the students were also categorized according to the experience as perceived by the students. Three primary areas of growth experienced by the students during their DEC were: (1) improved self-awareness and confidence through reflection, (2) a challenging, yet fulfilling, experience and (3) translation of new knowledge and skills to practice. The outcomes of this study may offer insight for administrators and prospective students of post-professional programs and align with the American Occupational Therapy Association’s Vision 2025 to produce effective and collaborative leaders capable of implementing evidence-based, client-centered, and costeffective treatment to influence the complexities of healthcare.
Fundamental differences during Gram-positive versus Gram-negative sepsis become apparent during bacterial challenge of D-galactosamine-treated mice

Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria have been compared with respect to lethal effects when each is administered to normal and D-galactosamine-sensitized mice, both with and without concomitant dexamethasone treatment. In the case of Escherichia coli, the extent of sensitization by D-galactosamine treatment (10,000-fold) and the relative magnitude of the corresponding protection with dexamethasone (150-fold) are both consistent with an expected significant role of LPS in production of TNFα that then mediates lethal toxicity. With Staphylococcus aureus, however, marginal sensitization by D-galactosamine (5-fold) and a corresponding lack of dexamethasone protection indicate a reduced role for TNFα as a lethal mediator. In vitro comparisons of TNFα release from E. coli and S. aureus stimulated peritoneal macrophages (100-fold difference) add further support to this conclusion. Endotoxin hypo-responsive mice (C3H/HeJ) infected with E. coli are not protected by dexamethasone. Each of these comparisons indicate that the contribution of TNFα to the pathophysiological manifestations of experimental sepsis may vary substantially even among extracellular bacteria and, correspondingly, that differential dexamethasone protection may serve a discriminatory function for the potential involvement of this cytokine.
Evidence of Metapopulation Dynamics in Shortnose Sturgeon in the Southern Part of Their Range

Abstract The shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum is one of the most endangered members of the sturgeon family because of overexploitation, depressed population levels, and a shrinking range. The lack of historical data on shortnose sturgeon populations has led to an increase in sturgeon research over the last three decades; however, most recent studies have not focused on southern populations. The objective of this study was to estimate the abundance, annual survival, and temporary emigration rates of shortnose sturgeon in the Ogeechee River, Georgia. Shortnose sturgeon were captured with gill and trammel nets for a mark–recapture analysis from 1 June to 31 August in each of the 3 years from 2007 to 2009. Over the three summers of sampling, we conducted a total of 864 net sets and captured 168 individual shortnose sturgeon with an additional 51 recaptures. Our analysis revealed that the best-fitting robust design population models incorporated interactions among water temperature, dissolved oxygen, .
The quest for Doubly Uniparental Inheritance in heterodont bivalves and its detection in Meretrix lamarckii (Veneridae: Meretricinae)

Doubly Uniparental Inheritance (DUI) is possibly the most striking exception to the well-known maternal inheritance of mitochondria. It poses several stimulating questions concerning among others the function of these organelles, sex determination, embryonic development, and evolutionary consequences. At present, DUI has been found in few species of bivalve molluscs, but more research is necessary to obtain a clearer picture of its distribution within the group, a picture that is mandatory to make any reasonable inference about its origin and evolutionary meaning. The debate about a single evolutionary origin of DUI versus multiple origins is still open. In this manuscript, we investigated seven species of heterodont bivalves and provide evidence for the presence of DUI in the venerid Meretrix lamarckii.
Research on image segmentation of inner cylinder wall with annular weld based on deep learning

Based on the characteristics of autonomous learning with deep learning and high recognition rate, an image segmentation study based on Faster R-CNN for the inner wall annular weld is proposed. The method extracts pixels containing annular weld feature information by using an RPN network to improve target detection speed. Then, the convolutional layer output detection model is shared by the RPN network and the Fast R-CNN network to realize accurate detection of the annular weld in the video image. The research results show that the proposed method can accurately detect the circumferential weld bead and segment the image under the condition of poor video image quality, and has the advantages of strong anti-interference ability and accurate identification.
MICRO-ALGAE AS A SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS FOR DAPHNIDS

The experimental data presented above show clearly that the unicellular algae such as Chlorella, Scenedesmus and Chlamydomonas, are excellent feed for daphnids. Although less effective than these algae, filamentous blue-green algae Tolypothrix and Nostoc, also serve as nutrient for daphnids. For the past several years we have been conducting experiments of seeding Tolypothrix and other nitrogen-fixing blue green algae on the paddy-field in order to test the possibility of increasing rice crop by virtue of their nitrogen-fixing capacity(9). One of the serious problems arising in these field-experiments was that, occasionally, the seeded algae dissappeared 1955 Micro-algae as a Source of Nutrients for Daphnids 141 completely from the field within 1 or 2 weeks In such cases we found, almost without exception, that the field water became abundant first with unicellular algae such as Chlorella and Scenedesnzus, and then with water- fleas which eventually ate up the seeded blue-green algae. We learn from the above experiments that in order to assure the growth of nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae in the paddy-field, some measure must be taken to prevent the growth of water-fleas or to suppress the growth of unicellular green algae which remarkably favors the increase of the population of daphnids.
Association of a fungal endophyte in perennial ryegrass with antibiosis to larvae of the southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania

Larvae of the Southern armyworm Spodoptera eridania Cramer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), feeding on perennial ryegrasses (Lolium perenne L.) infected with an endophytic fungus (Acremonium loliae Latch, Christensen and Samuels), had a much lower survival rate (7–13%) than larvae feeding on endophyte‐free ryegrasses (82–90%). Death of the larvae on endophyte‐infected entries occurred rapidly between 144 h and 168 h of feeding. This corresponded with armyworms feeding on the base of the plant, where endophyte concentration is highest. Twenty‐four hours after the start of the bioassay the larval mass and rate of larval development were significantly higher on endophytic entries. From 48–144 h no differences were seen, but after 144 h the mass of larvae on endophyte‐infected grasses sharply declined. Observations from this bioassay further substantiate the association between A. loliae‐infected ryegrass and antibiosis to several lepidopterous and coleopterous insect pests.
Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training

ABSTRACT The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seems to be having a major impact on physical activity behaviours globally. The pandemic has forced many people around the world to stay at home and self-isolate for a period of time. WHO recommends 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for 6–17-yr-olds, and 75 min/wk of vigorous or 150 min/wk of moderate physical activity for adults and elderly, including 3 and 2 days/wk, respectively, with muscle and bone strengthening. Practical recommendations for staying active at home, with aerobic exercise training on a bike or rowing ergometer, bodyweight training, dance and active video gaming, can aid to counteract the detrimental physical and mental side-effects of the COVID-19 protective lifestyle regulations. This commentary provides useful information on home-based physical activity for sedentary people across the lifespan, including children and adolescence, that can be undertaken during the present pandemic or other outbreaks of infectious disease.