Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Situation of Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Isolated from Fresh Water Fish in Hai Duong Province

In aquaculture, antibiotics have been used mainly for therapeutic purposes and as prophylactic agents. The abuse of antibiotics in aquaculture farming is a big problem. To achieve high yields and profits, many farmers are now applying intensive farming methods. The improper use of antibiotics causes the phenomenon of drug-resistant bacteria and residue accumulation of antibiotics in aquatic meat. Another reason causing antibiotics-resistant bacteria is the use of antibiotics to small quantities of aquatic feed as a growth stimulant. So that in this study, the initial evaluation of the antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from freshwater fish was determined. The experimental results showed that 33/36 strains isolated from fish samples were resistant to 8 types of antibiotics reached 91%. Most of them are multi-drug resistant strains. They are capable of resisting two or more antibiotics. Especially, C23 strain, belong to Pseudomonas monteilii species, was capable of resisting to all 8 antibiotics. This strain shows the ability to withstand the temperature and pH range and can use a wide variety of different nutrients.
Anti-dormant Mycobacterial Activity of Viomellein and Xanthomegnin, Naphthoquinone Dimers Produced by Marine-derived Aspergillus sp

In the course of a search for anti-dormant mycobacterial substances from marine-derived microorganisms, viomellein (1) and xanthomegnin (2) were rediscovered from the active fraction of the culture of a marine-derived Aspergillus sp. together with rubrosulphin (3) and asteltoxin (4) on the guidance of bioassay-guided separation. In particular, compound 1 showed higher activity against the dormant than against actively growing Mycobacterium bovis BCG and weak activity against M. smegmatis. Furthermore, evidence that compound 1 did not directly bind to plasmid DNA suggests its anti-mycobacterial activity differs from its direct chelating effect on the mycobacterial genome.
Process improvement in healthcare

Wereldwijd is er discussie over de escalerende kosten van de gezondheidszorg. Hierbij wordt vaak aangenomen dat er een afweging moet worden gemaakt tussen investering in kwaliteit, en kostenreductie. Een van de belangrijkste gezamenlijke uitdagingen binnen de gezondheidszorg is dan ook het vinden van mogelijkheden om zowel de kwaliteit te verhogen als de kosten te beheersen. Kwalitatief goede zorg voegt waarde toe aan wat de patient nodig heeft op basis van zijn/haar specifieke omstandigheden. Het reduceren van fouten en gebreken in zorgprocessen leidt tot vermindering van zowel wachttijden, complicaties en gebruik van personele en materiele capaciteit als opnameduur. In de gezondheidszorg is er op die manier een economische relatie en directe verbinding tussen kwaliteit als ‘toegevoegde waarde’ en de verbeterde proceskwaliteit en productkwaliteit van de behandeling. Kwaliteitsverbetering is binnen een kwaliteitsmanagementsysteem een essentieel onderdeel, dat het beste tot uiting komt in een projectmatige aanpak. Gerard Niemeijer beschrijft negen beproefde generieke projectmodellen voor procesverbetering in de gezondheidszorg. Uit zijn onderzoek blijkt dat procesoptimalisatie in een groot aantal projecten leidt tot zowel kwaliteitsverbetering voor de patient als financiele baten voor de organisatie.
CPAP in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

To the Editor: The results of the Sleep Apnea Cardiovascular Endpoints (SAVE) study reported by McEvoy et al. (Sept. 8 issue)1 provide the opportunity to reflect on the story of the glass that is half full. The study shows that if a person is not adherent to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for a mean duration of 3.3 hours per night, he or she should not expect benefits with respect to prevention of secondary composite cardiovascular end points. Sleep apnea has major genetic determinants, so a study population involving predominantly Asian persons (64%) who are not obese (mean body-mass index [the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters], 29) and who have asymptomatic moderate-to-severe disease (apnea–hypopnea index [the number of occurrences of apnea or hypopnea per hour of sleep], 29) is a population from which extrapolations should be made carefully. There may also be a cohort effect, since a cohort with a mean age of 61 years may constitute a “survivor” population with lower event rates than those among younger cohorts. Finally, it is well known that controls in a study involving patients who are receiving standard care actually receive better care than those in observational studies. The effect size may therefore have been attenuated in the study reported by McEvoy et al. The sleep medicine community should be cautious about discarding the benefits of CPAP solely on the basis of this study.
Antimicrobial Properties and Phytochemical Screening of Some Wild Macrofungi of Rani - Garbhanga Reserve Forest Area of Assam, India

Natural products have potential of containing agents for various diseases. The increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria has revived the interest in alternative antimicrobial substances from natural resources to control the pathogenic micro-organisms. The antimicrobial activity of few macrofungal species isolated from Rani-Garbhanga Reserve forest areas of Assam were used for screening of antimicrobial potential. Auricularia auricula-judae, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus tuber-regium, Pycnoporous sanguineus, Schizophyllum commune, Trametes elegans, Trametes versicolor and Tremella fuciformis are investigated against a panel of standard bacteria. The tested microorganisms includes Bacillus subtillis MTCC 736, Salmonella typhi MTCC 3216, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 3160, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 7837 and Eschercia coli MTCC 40. Among the macrofungal species studied the ethanolic extracts of four macrofungi showed satisfactory results. Macrofungal extracts analyzed (water and ethanol) showed wider inhibition zones in disc-diffusion method for Trametes elegans and found to be most effective followed by Pleurotus tuber-regium, Auricularia auricular-judae. The phytochemical screening of the macro fungal extracts revealed the presence of secondary metabolites like glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids and saponins, etc. The present study reveals the biopharmaceutical potential of few indigenous macrofungal species of Rani-Garbhanga Reserve forest areas of Assam.
Correction: Reflex Control of Robotic Gait Using Human Walking Data

The following information is missing from the Funding section: Funding was provided by the University of Glasgow (http://www.gla.ac.uk) LKAS scholarship (http://www.gla.ac.uk/services/postgraduateresearch/scholarships/kelvinsmith/). This funding was received by LM. The complete, correct Funding statement is: Funding was provided by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) (http://www.epsrc.ac.uk/Pages/default.aspx) through the Doctoral Training Centre (DTC) in Medical Devices, University of Strathclyde (http://www.strath.ac.uk/simd/dtc/). This funding was received by CAM. Funding was also provided by the University of Glasgow (http://www.gla.ac.uk) LKAS scholarship (http://www.gla.ac.uk/services/postgraduateresearch/scholarships/kelvinsmith/). This funding was received by LM. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
On the correlation structures of multivariate skew-normal distribution

Skew-normal distribution is an extension of the normal distribution where the symmetry of the normal distribution is distorted with an extra parameter. A multivariate skew-normal distribution has been parametrized differently to stress different aspects and constructions behind the distribution. There are several possible parametrizations available to define the skew-normal distribution. The current most common parametrization is through Ω and α , as an alternative, parametrization through Ω and δ can be used if straightforward relation to marginal distributions is of interest. The main problem with { Ω , δ }-parametrization is that the vector δ cannot be chosen independently of Ω . This motivated us to investigate what are the possibilities of choosing δ under different correlation structures of Ω . We also show how the assumptions on structure of δ and Ω affect the asymmetry parameter α and correlation matrix R of corresponding skew-normal random variable.
The measurement of overeducation and undereducation: self-report vs. job-analyst method

This paper investigates the criterium validity of two different methods to determine the required educational level of an occupation. The selfreport method consists of asking employees directly what the required level of education for the job is. On the other hand, in the job-analyst method the determining of the required level of education for a particular job takes place by experts. Our analysis shows that, in essence, both methods measure the same concept (number of years of required education). However, they differ significantly with regard to the standard points, i.e. the points on the scale at which there is overeducation and undereducation. The analysis shows that the job-analyst method systematically overestimates the level of overeducation. There are no indications that the level of overeducation is underestimated in the self-report method.
Graphene layers fabricated from the Ni/a-SiC bilayer precursor

This paper considers a synthesis of graphene flakes on the Ni surface by vacuum long and nitrogen rapid thermal treatment of the "sandwich" amorphous (a) SiC/Ni multilayer deposited on silicon wafer by magnetron sputtering technique. The lateral size of graphene flakes was estimated to be about hundreds of micrometers while the thickness estimated using Raman scattering varied from one to few layers in case of vacuum annealing. Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) in nitrogen ambient results in formation of multilayer graphene with surface covering up to 80%. The graphene layers synthesized on Ni during CVD process was used as reference samples. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is not able to detect graphene flakes in regime of surface topology examination because of large roughness of Ni surface. Employment of scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) demonstrates correlation of the surface potential and graphene flakes visible in optical microscopy. Using the KPFM method, potential differences between Ni and graphene were determined.
The Effects of Multimedia Annotations on the Vocabulary Retention of EFL Readers

本研究旨在比較三種單字註解模式運用在線上閱讀，對中學生英語字彙的即時記憶及延遲記憶的成效。 研究方法採用前測、立即後測及延遲後測組間實驗控制方法。 研究者將一篇經前置研究所選出331字故事選出12個生字加上四種線上多媒體註解模組-無註解、文字註解、圖片註解及文字加上圖片註解，169位高中學生被隨機分為對照組一組及實驗組三組－文字組、圖像組及文字＋圖像組。 第一週受測者進行字彙前測，一週後進行線上多媒體閱讀，並在閱讀後進行字彙即時後測，二週後接受字彙延遲後測。 使用ANCOVA統計檢視顯示每組實驗組兩次字彙後測成績表現均優於對照組，證明多媒體線上註解有助於字彙記憶。 然而再以Post hoc統計比較三組實驗組組間即時及延遲字彙記憶成績表現均未達顯著差異，顯示三種多媒體註解運用在線上閱讀對字彙記憶表現相近。
Video browsing interfaces and applications: a review

We present a comprehensive review of the state of the art in video browsing and retrieval systems, with special emphasis on interfaces and applications. There has been a significant increase in activity (e.g., storage, retrieval, and sharing) employing video data in the past decade, both for personal and professional use. The ever-growing amount of video content available for human consumption and the inherent characteristics of video data-which, if presented in its raw format, is rather unwieldy and costly-have become driving forces for the development of more effective solutions to present video contents and allow rich user interaction. As a result, there are many contemporary research efforts toward developing better video browsing solutions, which we summarize. We review more than 40 different video browsing and retrieval interfaces and classify them into three groups: applications that use video-player-like interaction, video retrieval applications, and browsing solutions based on video surrogates. For each category, we present a summary of existing work, highlight the technical aspects of each solution, and compare them against each other.
STUDY OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MARKERS AND SEROPREVALENCE OF HBV, HCV & HIV IN STI CLINIC ATTENDEES.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) share common route of infection and have high degree of epidemiological similarity with respect to high risk groups with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These conditions are linked with sexually transmitted infections but very less documentation is available regarding HBV and HCV infection in STI patients from this region. METHOD: A total of 278 clinically suspected cases of Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) patients attending STI clinic were studied for seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV along with age and sex matched healthy controls. Their age, sex, occupation and literacy level were also studied. RESULTS: The most common age group seeking medical advice belonged to sexually active group (18-40 years). Labourers showed highest prevalence of HBsAg (26.02%), HIV (10.04%) and HCV (5.42%). Higher prevalence of HBsAg (20.16%) and HIV (9.67%) seen in patients having only primary education. Seroprevalence of HBsAg, HIV and anti HCV Ab was 14.38%, 7.55% and 3.23% respectively in STI patients particularly more in ulcerative type whereas in controls their prevalence was 2.87%, 1.07% and 0.35% respectively. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that high prevalence of HBsAg, HIV and HCV is associated with male sex, low educational status and syndromic type of associated STI. An interesting finding is that seroprevalence of HCV is more in ulcerative STI similar to HBV and HIV. It suggests that sexual route of transmission of HCV is likely specially if there is breach in continuity of mucosal surface. KEY WORD: HBV, HCV, HIV, STI clinic attendees, epidemiological markers.
Acute Exercise Increases the Expression of KIR2DS4 by Promoter Demethylation in NK Cells

Abstract Positive effects of exercise on cancer prevention and progression have been proposed to be mediated by stimulating natural killer (NK) cells. Because NK cell receptors are regulated by epigenetic modifications, we investigated whether acute aerobic exercise and training change promoter DNA methylation and gene expression of the activating KIR2DS4 and the inhibiting KIR3DL1 gene. Sixteen healthy women (50–60 years) performed a graded exercise test (GXT) and were randomized into either a passive control group or an intervention group performing a four-week endurance exercise intervention. Blood samples (pre-, post-GXT and post-training) were used for isolation of DNA/RNA of NK cells to assess DNA promoter methylation by targeted deep-amplicon sequencing and gene expression by qRT-PCR. Potential changes in NK cell subsets were determined by flow cytometry. Acute and chronic exercise did not provoke significant alterations of NK cell proportions. Promoter methylation decreased and gene expression increased for KIR2DS4 after acute exercise. A high gene expression correlated with a low methylation of CpGs that were altered by acute exercise. Chronic exercise resulted in a minor decrease of DNA methylation and did not alter gene expression. Acute exercise provokes epigenetic modifications, affecting the balance between the activating KIR2DS4 and the inhibiting KIR3DL1, with potential benefits on NK cell function.
Optimal Monetary Policy and Expectation Driven Business Cycles

We explore the optimal response of central bank when a news shock hits the economy, that is, agents’ optimistic expectation of an improvement in technology does not realize. Ramsey optimal policy and simple policy rules are studied in a two-sector model with price rigidities in each of non-durable and durable sector. We find that a simple policy rule reacting to the inflation rates in both non-durable and durable sector with appropriate weights can mimic the performance of the Ramsey policy closely. Another interesting result is that monetary policy plays an important role in generating expectation driven business cycles.
Articulating ‘public interest’ through complexity theory

The ‘Public interest’, even if viewed with ambiguity or scepticism, has been one of the primary means by which various professional roles of planners have been justified. Many objections to the concept have been advanced by writers in planning academia. Notwithstanding these, ‘public interest’ continues to be mobilised, to justify, defend or argue for planning interventions and reforms. This has led to arguments that planning will have to adopt and recognise some form of public interest in practice to legitimise itself. This paper explores current debates around public interest and social justice and advances a vision of the public interest informed by complexity theory. The empirical context of the paper is the poverty alleviation programme, the Kudumbashree project in Kerala, India.
Colloidal FeIII , MnIII , CoIII , and CuII Hydroxides Stabilized by Starch as Catalysts of Water Oxidation Reaction with One Electron Oxidant Ru(bpy)3 3.

Colloidal catalysts for oxidation of water to dioxygen, which are stable on storage and under the reaction conditions, are synthesized based on CoIII , MnIII , FeIII and CuII hydroxides. Stabilization of the colloids with dextrated starch allows the process of hydroxide ageing to be stopped at the stage of the formation of primary nuclei (ca. 2-3 nm from transmission electron microscopy data). Molecular mechanics and dynamic light scattering studies indicate a core-shell type structure of the catalysts, where the hydroxide core is stabilized by the molecular starch network (ca. 5-7 nm). The colloidal catalysts are highly efficient in oxidizing water with one electron oxidant Ru(bpy)3 3+ at pH 7 to 10. The influence of pH, catalyst concentration, and buffer nature on the oxygen yield is studied. The maximal yields are 72, 53, and 78 % over Fe-, Mn- and Co-containing catalysts, respectively, and turnover numbers are 7.8; 54 and 360, respectively. The Cu-containing catalyst is poorly effective to the water oxidation (the maximal yield is 28 % O2 ). The synthesized catalysts are of interest for stopped-flow kinetic studies of the mechanism of the water oxidation and as precursors for anchoring nanosized hydroxides onto various supports in order to develop biomimetic systems for artificial photosynthesis.
Interpretation of Cointegration Coefficients A Paradox, a Solution and Empirical Evidence

The concept of cointegration (see e.g., Engle and Granger, 1987; Johansen, 1988) has extensively been used to model equilibrium relationships (see e.g., Johansen and Juselius, 1990; Ericsson, 1998). The links between economic and econometric concepts are now well understood and they have become part of the standard tools of empirical analysis. At the same time, however, the dynamics of the off-equilibrium situation have been met with relatively little interest on part of economic interpretations. This paper derives a paradox in which the econometric analysis is more likely to reveal the true causal links within an economic model the less valid this model actually is. A testing procedure is proposed and the results are illustrated using U.S., Japanese, German and Swiss data.
Morpho-anatomical changes in leaves of Mentha x gracilis Sole (Lamiaceae) submitted to different levels of shade DOI:10.5007/2178-4574.2011n40p55

Mentha x gracilis Sole (Lamiaceae), known as gingermint, is a medicinal species of great importance, whose pharmacological properties are associated with the production of essential oil, with is rich in monoterpenes. This study aimed at evaluating the impact of different light regimes on a M . x gracilis clone. The plants were cultivated under shading (30% and 60%) and in full sunlight for 105 days. Subsequently, the leaf samples were submitted to morphometric analysis (leaf area, thickness, hardness, stomatal index and trichome density). The different conditions of light intensity promoted distinct changes in leaf morphology and anatomy. Plants cultivated in full sunlight were harder, thicker and presented a higher density of trichomes while plants grown under 30%-60% shade presented higher stomata density and leaf area.
Role of Data Mining Techniques in Agriculture Improvement

: Data mining is the process of discovering and extracting of interesting patterns and knowledge from large amounts of data. The field of agriculture has to deal with large amounts of data and processing and retrieval of significant data from this abundance of agricultural information is necessary to help the farmers. Therefore, appropriate methods and techniques are required for managing and organizing this data to increase the efficiency and agricultural productivity. The application of data mining methods and techniques to discover new insights or knowledge is a relatively a novel approach in agriculture. Data mining can help to process and convert this raw data into useful information for improving agriculture. In this paper, various data mining techniques used for processing of agricultural information/data such as k-means clustering, k-nearest neighbour, artificial neural networks, support vector machine, naive Bayesian classifier and fuzzy c-means are described. With the advancement of novel and appropriate data mining techniques, different types of agricultural problems will be addressed to improve crop productivity.
Spatially varying complexity of bacterial and virus-like particle communities within an aquifer system

Hydrological and geological heterogeneity in the subsurface can isolate ground water bodies in an aquifer system and create hydrologically distinct aquifers overlying each other with varying amounts of water exchange and unknown amounts of biological exchange. The hetero geneous nature of these subsurface waters likely drives changes in groundwater microbiological parameters. In the present study, flow cytometry was used to examine the abundance and cytometrically defined subpopulation structure of bacteria and virus-like particles (VLPs) in 3 distinct, vertically stratified aquifer layers consisting of an unconfined aquifer, a confining layer and a confined aquifer. Despite total microbial abundances remaining constant, the composition of bacterial and VLP communities varied among the aquifer layers. Cytometrically defined subpopulations were defined by nucleic acid content and size and ranged from 1 bacterial and VLP subpopulation in the unconfined aquifer to 4 bacterial and 3 VLP subpopulations in the confined aquifer. This variability in the subpopulation assemblages is likely driven by a combination of hydrological heterogeneity and biological interactions. The results presented here indicate complexity in microbial communities in discrete aquifer layers that may be overlooked when reporting general abundances. Groundwater bacteria and VLPs appear to be a sensitive indicator of the biological dynamics of aquifer systems and may be used to identify heterogeneous water bodies and help distinguish individual aquifer layers in an aquifer system.