Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transient transformation of cultured photosynthetic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.) with plant-targeted vectors

Los metodos confiables y reproducibles de transformacion genetica son una herramienta clave para entender la fisiologia y biologia celular de Symbiodinium. Sin embargo, los metodos de transformacion aplicados previamente a celulas tales como microalgas, incluyendo aquellos que usan perlas de vidrio, no han sido probados en Symbiodinium. Aqui reportamos un metodo simple de transformacion transitoria que permitio la incorporacion de plasmido en tres clados distintos de celulas de Symbiodinium en cultivo, con el plasmido pCB302 dirigido a plantas y que alberga secuencias codificantes de la fusion de proteina verde fluorescente (gfp) con RACK1C de Arabidopsis thaliana (AtRACK1C). La accesibilidad del plasmido a la pared celular resistente y a traves de la membrana plasmatica de los dinoflagelados se logro mediante agitacion vigorosa en presencia de perlas de vidrio y polietilenglicol. El gen que confiere resistencia al herbicida Basta permitio la seleccion apropiada en las celulas fotosinteticas. La frecuencia de transformacion con este plasmido por cada 106 celulas fue de 107 ± 7 transformantes para Symbiodinium kawagutii; 74 ± 8 para Symbiodinium microadriaticum ssp. microadriaticum y 65 ± 5 para Symbiodinium sp. Mf11. Por otra parte, los cultivos de Symbiodinium pulchrorum fueron transformados exitosamente con un vector diferente (pCAMBIAFABD2-gfp) bajo las mismas condiciones, lo cual valida aun mas nuestro procedimiento. La observacion de emision verde fluorescente en el citoplasma de las celulas en todas las transformaciones llevadas a cabo indico que este procedimiento permitio que los plasmidos heterologos entraran y promovieran la expresion en las celulas de Symbiodinium. El exito de este metodo de transformacion transitoria abre posibilidades interesantes para los estudios de genomica funcional en Symbiodinium spp
Marine vibrios and related genera from the Vellar Estuary

A qualitative survey on the occurrence of Vibrio and related genera in the Vellar Estuary revealed the presence of V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus and V. natriegens, a new record in Indian waters. Luminous strains of Beneckea harveyi and strains belonging to the Pseudomonad group were also encountered. Occurrence of sucrose positive V. parahaemolyticus and other virbios showing intermediate biochemical responses between V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus have recorded and the results are discussed
Tunable Subnanosecond Gaussian Pulse Radar Transmitter: Theory and Analysis

This article presents a design methodology and steps to fabricate a tunable step recovery diode (SRD)-based Gaussian pulse transmitter for ultra-wideband (UWB) radar systems. The method exploits a parallel and series combination of two SRDs which are excited using a transistor-based square pulse generator with an amplitude of 9 V. A turning point control circuit is used to control the forward-to-reverse current ratio of the diodes and tune the pulsewidth and magnitude of the Gaussian output pulse. The ringing level of the pulse is reduced using an output diode network. The interconnect between the diodes is designed and optimized to improve the amplitude and pulsewidth. A Gaussian pulse of variable pulsewidth from 60 ps with an amplitude of 1 V to 220 ps with a 6.8 V amplitude and ringing level of less than 11% is achieved. A 90° coupler with broad bandwidth is fabricated to differentiate the Gaussian pulse and extract a dc -free monopulse. Vivaldi antennas with suitable bandwidth are used as transmitting antennas to radiate the monopulses with variable pulse widths. The measured second derivative Gaussian pulses at the receiver end demonstrated pulse widths of 41 and 173 ps for the Gaussian input pulses of 60 and 220 ps, respectively.
Temporal-Logic-Based Semantic Fault Diagnosis With Time-Series Data From Industrial Internet of Things

The maturity of sensor network technologies has facilitated the emergence of an industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), which has collected an increasing volume of data. Converting these data into actionable intelligence for fault diagnosis is key to reducing unscheduled downtime and performance degradation, among other examples. This article formalizes a problem called semantic fault diagnosis— to construct the formal specifications of faults directly from data collected from IIoT-enabled systems. The specifications are written as signal temporal logic formulas, which can be easily interpreted by humans. To tackle the issue of the combinatorial explosion that arises, we propose an algorithm that combines ideas from agenda-based searching and imitation learning to train a policy that searches formulas in a strategic order. Specifically, we formulate the problem as a Markov decision process, which is further solved with a reinforcement learning algorithm. Our algorithm is applied to time-series data collected from an IIoT-enabled iron-making factory. The results show empirically that our proposed algorithm is both scalable to the size of the data set and interpretable, therefore allowing human users to take actions, for example, predictive maintenance.
Genetics of allozyme variants in loblolly pine

' 4 . Applications of isozymes in breeding programs also have been demonstrated' 9 ". However, we must understand how isozyme variants are inherited to fully realize their value in genetic investigations. Furthermore, we must look at as many loci as possible if results are to be more representative of the entire genome' 0 . To date, few reports have been published on the inheritance of isozymes in forest trees, and fewer still have involved more than two or three loci ' . 1 8.22 . The presence of the haploid (In) megagametophyte tissue in seeds has greatly facilitated isozyme studies in conifers. Each megagametophyte, representing a single meiotic product, has the same genetic constitution as the female gamete. Thus, the Mendelian genetics of allozyme (allelic isozyme) variants can be confirmed without making crosses because allozymes are expected to segregate in 1:1 ratios in the megagametophytes of heterozygous mother trees. In addition, when allozymes are expressed clearly in both embryo and megagametophyte tissues, the male contribution to the embryo' genotype can be separated from that of the female. This unique feature of conifers has proven useful for studying pollen migration 7 and mating systems in forest trees ' ' 6 . In this paper, we describe allozyme variants of 10 enzyme systems occurring in megagametophyte and embryo tissues of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seeds and provide evidence for their inheritance. Linkage relationships among the loci coding these allozymes are reported elsewhere 2 .
Computation of "Best" Interpolants in the Lp Sense

We study a variant of the interpolation problem where the continuously defined solution is regularized by minimizing the Lp-norm of its second-order derivative. For this continuous-domain problem, we propose an exact discretization scheme that restricts the search space to quadratic splines with knots on an uniform grid. This leads to a discrete finite-dimensional problem that is computationally tractable. Another benefit of our spline search space is that, when the grid is sufficiently fine, it contains functions that are arbitrarily close to the solutions of the underlying unrestricted problem. We implement an iteratively reweighted algorithm with a grid-refinement strategy that computes the solution within a prescribed accuracy. Finally, we present experimental results that illustrate characteristics, such as sparsity, of the Lp-regularized interpolants.
Evaluating Precipitation Datasets Using Surface Water and Energy Budget Closure

Evaluation of global gridded precipitation datasets typically entails using the in situ or satellite-based data used to derive them, so that out-of-sample testing is usually not possible. Here we detail a methodology that incorporates the physical balance constraints of the surface water and energy budgets to evaluate gridded precipitation estimates, providing the capacity for out-of-sample testing. Performance conclusions are determined by the ability of precipitation products to achieve closure of the linked budgets using adjustments that are within their prescribed uncertainty bounds. We evaluate and compare five global gridded precipitation datasets: IMERG, GPCP, GPCC, REGEN, and MERRA-2. At the spatial level, we show that precipitation is best estimated by GPCC over the high latitudes, by GPCP over the tropics, and by REGEN over North Africa and the Middle East. IMERG and REGEN appear best over Australia and South Asia. Furthermore, our results give insight into the adequacy of prescribed uncertainties of these products and shows that MERRA-2, while being less competent than the other four products in estimating precipitation, has the best representation of uncertainties in its precipitation estimates. The spatial extent of our results is not only limited to grid cells with in situ observations. Therefore, the approach enables a robust evaluation of precipitation estimates and goes some way to addressing the challenge of validation over observation scarce regions.
Sanitizer resistance of biofilm-forming Salmonellaisolated from meat products

Este estudo avaliou a capacidade de Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolada de produtos carneos formar biofilme e testou sua resistencia a diferentes sanitizantes. Vinte cepas foram avaliadas quanto a capacidade de formar biofilme em placas de microtitulacao. As cepas formadoras de biofilme foram testadas em superficies de polietileno de alta densidade, aco inoxidavel e vidro e tiveram a sensibilidade ao hipoclorito de sodio e ao iodo avaliada. Duas cepas de Salmonella Enteritidis isoladas de produtos de frango apresentaram capacidade de formar biofilme nas superficies testadas. Essas cepas alcancaram maiores populacoes nas superficies do que aquelas nao formadoras de biofilme, e foram mais dificeis de remover ou reduzir. Devido a acao sanitizante ser menos eficiente sobre bacterias formadoras de biofilme, esses micro-organismos podem persistir no biofilme formado sobre as superficies de equipamentos e utensilios e ocasionalmente contaminar os alimentos antes da sua expedicao, aumentando dessa forma o risco de ocorrencia de doencas transmitidas por alimentos.
Life cycle carbon footprint analysis of pulp and paper grades in the United States using production-line-based data and integration

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission levels are causing concern as climate change risks are growing, emphasizing the importance of GHG research for better understanding of emission sources. Previous studies on GHG emissions for the pulp and paper industry have ranged in scope from global to regional to site-specific. This study addresses the present knowledge gap of how GHG emissions vary among paper grades in the US. A cradle-to-gate life cycle carbon analysis for 252 mills in the US was performed by integrating large datasets at the production line level. The results indicated that one metric ton of paper product created a production weighted average of 942 kg of carbon dioxide equivalent (kg CO2eq) of GHG emissions. Greenhouse gas emissions varied by pulp and paper grade, from 608 kg CO2eq per metric ton of product to 1978 kg CO2eq per metric ton of product. Overall, fuels were the greatest contributor to the GHG emissions and should be the focus of emission reduction strategies across pulp and paper grades.
An annotated checklist of Tasmanian mosses

An annotated checklist of the Tasmanian mosses is presented to clarify the occurrence of taxa within the state. Some recently collected species, for which there are no published records, have been included. Doubtful records and excluded species are listed separately. The Tasmanian moss flora as recognised here includes 361 species.
Food and Mood: Exploring the determinants of food choices and the effects of food consumption on mood among women in Inner London.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between food and mood against the backdrop of increased mental health and nutrition cognizance within public health and scientific discourses. Mood was defined as encompassing positive or negative affect. Methodology: A constructionist qualitative approach underpinned this study. Convenience sampling in two faith-based settings was utilised for recruiting participants, who were aged 19-80 (median,48) years. In total 22 Christian women were included in the research, eighteen were in focus groups and four were in individual semi structured interviews. All were church-attending women in inner London. A thematic analysis was carried out, resulting in four central themes relating to food choice and food-induced mood states. Findings: Women identified a number of internal and external factors as influencing their food choices and the effect of food intake on their moods. Food choice was influenced by mood; mood was influenced by food choice. Low mood was associated with unhealthy food consumption, apparent addiction to certain foods and overeating. Improved mood was associated with more healthy eating and eating in social and familial settings. Discussion: Findings indicate food and mood are interconnected through a complex web of factors, as women respond to individual, environmental, cultural and social cues. Targeting socio-cultural and environmental influences and developing supportive public health services, via faith-based or community-based institutions could help to support more women in their struggle to manage the food and mood continuum. Successful implementation of health policies that recognise the psychological and social determinants of food choice and the effect of food consumption on mood, is essential, as is as more research into life-cycle causal factors linking food choice to mood.
Distribution Pattern of Endangered Plant Semiliquidambar cathayensis (Hamamelidaceae) in Response to Climate Change after the Last Interglacial Period

Semiliquidambar cathayensis is a special and endangered plant in China, used for traditional Chinese medicine and in landscape applications. Predicting the impact of climate change on the distribution of S. cathayensis is crucial for its protection and the sustainable use of resources. We used the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model optimized by the ENMeval data packet to analyze the potential geographic distribution changes of S. cathayensis in 12 provinces of Southern China for the different periods since the last interglacial period (LIG, 120–140 ka). Considering the potential geographic distribution changes in the province, and based on the two climate scenarios of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6 and RCP 8.5, the distribution range of S. cathayensis was analyzed and we predicted the range for the 2050s (average for 2041–2060) and 2070s (average for 2061–2080). The area under AUC (Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve) is 0.9388 under these parameters, which indicates that the model is very accurate. We speculate that the glacial period refugia were the Nanling and Wuyi Mountains for S. cathayensis, and central and Western Fujian and Taiwan are likely to be the future climate refugia. In the mid-Holocene (MH, 6 ka), the growth habitat was 32.41% larger than the modern habitat; in the 2050s and 2070s (except RCP2.6–2070s), the growth habitat will shrink to varying degrees, so efforts to support its in situ and ex situ conservation are urgently needed. The jackknife test showed that the main factors affecting the geographical distribution of S. cathayensis were annual precipitation, precipitation of the wettest month, and precipitation of the driest month. The annual precipitation may be the key factor restricting the northward distribution of S. cathayensis. In general, the centroid of the distribution of S. cathayensis will move northward. The centroid of the adaptive habitats will move northward with the highest degree of climate abnormality. We think that Hainan Island is the most likely origin of S. cathayensis. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of genetic resources protection measures, the construction of core germplasm resources, and the study of the formation and evolution of Hamamelidaceae.
Attenuated Periodical Oscillation Characteristics in a Nanoscale Particle-Laden Laminar Flow

Transport properties in a nanoparticle-laden flow are of great importance for their practical use, such as in tubular reactor-based photocatalytic technologies. In our study, an experimental setup based on photocatalytic application was employed to investigate the nanoparticle transport characteristics in a flow reactor. An interesting periodical attenuated oscillation of the particle volume fraction and mean particle size with time was found in the nanoparticle-laden flow. We further analyzed the period of the attenuated oscillation curve by conducting a linear fitting, which shows that the period can be expressed as T = f(Q,L) in which the period is proportional to the length of the test section and inversely proportional to the flow rate. We found that the time 5T is a very important criterion for determining whether the particle suspension has reached the quasi-steady state and whether the nanoparticle has been well suspended. Our work is believed to be valuable, efficient, and effective in the study of transportation of nanoparticles in laminar flow with low energy consumption.
An Analysis of the Alignment of Archaeological Sites

There are hundreds, perhaps thousands of sites of archaeological importance throughout the world. In this study the alignments of over twohundred ancient sites were measured and analyzed. Sites are organized into eight geographic regions: South America, Mesoamerica, North America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia and the Pacific Ocean. Google Earth imagery and measurement tools were used to estimate the alignment of linear and rectilinear structures at these sites with respect to true (geographic) north. In considering standard celestial and geographic reasons for the alignments, many were found to be oriented to the cardinal directions, in the directions of solstices and other solar events, to lunar standstills, and certain stars. A number of sites in China and Thailand were likely aligned to magnetic north at the time of construction using a compass. Some sites appear to have been aligned to “sacred directions” that include Islamic qibla and Quechua ceques. Site alignment statistics reveal similarities and differences between geographical regions in terms of how sites within regions are aligned. Perhaps the most unexpected finding is that the alignment of about half of the sites could not be explained in terms of any of the reasons considered.
Application of Rough Set Theory (RST) to Forecast Energy Consumption in Buildings Undergoing Thermal Modernization

In many regions, the heat used for space heating is a basic item in the energy balance of a building and significantly affects its operating costs. The accuracy of the assessment of heat consumption in an existing building and the determination of the main components of heat loss depends to a large extent on whether the energy efficiency improvement targets set in the thermal upgrading project are achieved. A frequent problem in the case of energy calculations is the lack of complete architectural and construction documentation of the analyzed objects. Therefore, there is a need to search for methods that will be suitable for a quick technical analysis of measures taken to improve energy efficiency in existing buildings. These methods should have satisfactory results in predicting energy consumption where the input is limited, inaccurate, or uncertain. Therefore, the aim of this work was to test the usefulness of a model based on Rough Set Theory (RST) for estimating the thermal energy consumption of buildings undergoing an energy renovation. The research was carried out on a group of 109 thermally improved residential buildings, for which energy performance was based on actual energy consumption before and after thermal modernization. Specific sets of important variables characterizing the examined buildings were distinguished. The groups of variables were used to estimate energy consumption in such a way as to obtain a compromise between the effort of obtaining them and the quality of the forecast. This has allowed the construction of a prediction model that allows the use of a fast, relatively simple procedure to estimate the final energy demand rate for heating buildings.
Analysis of secondary metabolites and in vitro evaluation of extracts of Carica papaya and Azadirachta indica leaves on selected human pathogens

Extraction of the leaves of Carica papaya (family Caricaceae) and Azadirachta indica (family Meliacea) were done using solvents with varying polarities (acetone, hexane and ethylacetate). The crude extracts were screened for phytoconstituents using the preliminary method and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for separation and quantification of the constituents. Susceptibility of three medically important microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Candida alblicans) to the solvent extracts was tested at 100 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL and 25 mg/mL concentrations the disc diffusion technique. Tannins, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids and anthraquinone were present in all the solvent extracts of A. indica and C. papaya. Protein was present in all the solvent extracts of A. indica but absent in all the solvent extracts of C. papaya. Terpenoid was only present in hexane extract of A. indica but absent in other solvent extracts of A. indica and C. papaya. Flavonoid was present in all but only absent in ethylacetate extract of A. indica. Glycoside was present in all but absent in hexane extract of A. indica. Coumarin was only present in acetone extracts of both plants and absent in other solvent extracts of the two plants. Extracts of Carica papaya and Azadirachta indica displayed varying inhibitory activities (between 5.00-15.00 mm) against the organisms at all the tested concentrations. Acetone extract of A. indica produced zones of inhibition ranging from 5.00-14.00 mm while acetone extract of C. papaya produces a range of 4.00-10.00 mm. Also, hexane extract of A. indica produced inhibition range of 7.00-10.00 mm whereas hexane extract of C. papaya produces a range of 5.00-15.00 mm. However, ethylacetate extract of A. indica produced inhibition range of 5.00-13.67 mm, while ethylacetate extract of C. papaya produce a range of 5.00-15.00 mm. Different compounds quantified as different peaks by HPLC in the different solvent extracts of Carica papaya are acacic acid, genistein, protodioscin, betulinic acid, phorbolester, creptolepinone, brusatol and alpha ionone while the fractions from the solvent extracts of Azadirachta indica are myricetin, azadirachtol, azadirachtin a, pentadecane, phytol, azadirachnol, quercetin, b caryophyllen, alpha ionone, ascaridole, trams.b. farnes. Results obtained in this work indicated that all the solvent extracts of Carica papaya and Azadirachta indica contained active phytoconstituents and the extracts displayed good potentials at preventing diseases associated with the microorganisms tested in this work.
Taper Tantrums: Quantitative Easing, Its Aftermath, and Emerging Market Capital Flows

This paper examines the spillover effects of U.S. unconventional monetary policy (UMP) on emerging market capital flows and asset prices. Affine term structure model estimates show that U.S. monetary policy shocks, identified with high-frequency Treasury futures data, represent revisions to expected short-term yields and term premia, especially during the UMP period. The policy shocks exhibit sizable effects on U.S. holdings of emerging market assets. These effects disproportionately manifest through valuation changes versus physical flows, are more pronounced for equity relative to bond markets, and are asymmetric between the quantitative easing and tapering periods, with flows more important during the unwinding.