Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
iBaTs: Interactive Bash Shell Adaptive Tutoring System

A vast majority of students in computing and related disciplines expect to interact with their systems and computing devices using a graphical user interface. Any other means of interacting with a device is deemed unseemly and is quickly met with frustration and rejection. This can partly be attributed to the fact that most operating systems and the tools that run on these platforms offer a rich “point-and-click” interface in an effort to make their systems user friendly. However, in contrast, when it comes to the study of system and cyber security, a mastery over the console and the command-line interface is imperative. In our experience in teaching most courses on system and cyber security, students seem to have the greatest difficulty in using the console/command-prompt/shell. This issue is further exacerbated since many security and related open source forensics tools are designed to run in a Unix-based environment, typically a shell, and even fewer students are familiar with the UNIX environment and find the entire experience all the more daunting. Even the simple command-prompt, ubiquitous on all Microsoft Windows operating systems, is met with significant disdain by today's students, both at the graduate and undergraduate levels. There are several solutions that have been proposed and designed to alleviate this exact issue in the field of computer programming. Video tool, Dragon Drop Pictorial Programming, Alice and Jpie are various stand-alone tools introduced to ease the inherent challenges in learning a new programming language and environment. To alleviate this situation, in this paper, we propose the first tool of its kind, to the best of our knowledge, which aims to tutor a console application using a graphical interface and adapts to the students' progress. The ultimate aim is to eliminate students' dependence on graphical interfaces and convert her to a power user of a system. Our tool, called Interactive Bash Shell Adaptive Tutoring System (iBaTs) , enables students to familiarize themselves with the UNIX environment and the Bash Shell on a Windows operating system. In this work, we discuss the architecture of our tutoring program and demonstrate that our system sports several innovative pedagogical features that makes it a unique, fun, encouraging and adaptive learning environment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such effort that aims to address this issue.
Entrepreneurs Opinion Towards Government Support For Technology Adoption

: The globalization of economic activity affects the development of Small and Medium Enterprises. Information Technology opens up new opportunities for external expansion and growth. This study is the nature of descriptive research. The prime objective of this study is to understand the real situation and impact of schemes offered by the government. Hence it is well fit it into the descriptive research design. Both primary and secondary data were used to describe the nature of this study. Primary data were collected using well structured questionnaire and secondary data were collected from magazines, journals, websites and newspapers. In total of 250 samples were collected from the southern districts of Tamilnadu. Area sampling were applied to classify the industrial clusters in each district and Stratified random sample was used to collect the response from the MSMEs in each cluster. Awareness level about the schemes and initiatives of Government must be disseminated properly by the Government Officials by organising training programmes. Enterprises must come front to understand the benefits of adopting technology to improve efficiency in their business. Stakeholders’ satisfaction is the dependent variable and which depends on Return on investment, Sales Grow th, Growth in market share, Return on Sales. Model summary for regression analysis used to predict the relationship.
POSTECH Submission on Duolingo Shared Task

In this paper, we propose a transfer learning based simultaneous translation model by extending BART. We pre-trained BART with Korean Wikipedia and a Korean news dataset, and fine-tuned with an additional web-crawled parallel corpus and the 2020 Duolingo official training dataset. In our experiments on the 2020 Duolingo test dataset, our submission achieves 0.312 in weighted macro F1 score, and ranks second among the submitted En-Ko systems.
Incorporating spatial constraints in different periods of the annual cycle improves species distribution model performance for a highly mobile bird species

The knowledge of both potential distribution and habitat suitability is fundamental for conservation planning and management of a variety of taxa world‐wide. Species distribution models (SDMs) are increasingly applied as predictive tools for these purposes. Such models are based on the concept of ecological niche and assume that species distribute themselves based on niche spaces defined by climate and habitat features. However, this assumption can be violated due to the existence of pure spatial range constraints, a factor rarely accounted for in SDMs, particularly for highly mobile species. We analyse whether pure distance effects, niche‐based environmental responses or a combination of both factors can play an important role in limiting the large‐scale distribution of highly mobile species.
Phase Locking in Millimeter Wave Frequency Synthesizers - Design overview of Charge Pump Phase Locked Loops

Phase Locked Loops are key blocks which are widely adopted in all area of electronics, especially transceivers in wireless communication systems. The application of Phase Locked Loop varies from generation of local oscillator signal for upconversion and down conversion, generation and distribution of clock signals and jitter reduction. The most extensive use of Phase Locked Loop is for frequency synthesis. The requirements of synthesizer architectures depend on various system requirements and specifications which are based on regulatory standards. The design of Phase Locked Loop components involves the consideration of various techniques to resolve the nonidealities at front end high frequency components as well as back end low frequency components. This paper presents the background and importance of a Phase Locked Loop, various approaches over the years, design choices for each block and practical design methodology for Charge Pump Phase Locked Loops. This paper also presents the system level design of Phase Locked Loop and supply noise interactions among sub modules inside a charge pump Phase Locked Loop
Avaliação de fontes de amônia para o tratamento de fenos de gramíneas tropicais. 2. Compostos nitrogenados

Este estudo foi desenvolvido para se avaliarem as alteracoes nos conteudos de compostos nitrogenados dos fenos de braquiaria decumbens (Brachiaria decumbnes Stapf) e jaragua (Hyparrhenia rufa Ness Stapf) nao-tratados, tratados com ureia (U - 5,4% da MS), ureia (UL - 5,4% da MS) mais labe-labe (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet, cv. Highworth-3,0% da MS) ou amonia anidra (NH3 -3,0% da MS). A aplicacao de amonia anidra ou de ureia aumentou os teores de N total, N insoluvel em detergente neutro, N insoluvel em detergente acido, N nao-proteico e N amoniacal. A amonizacao diminuiu as relacoes N insoluvel em detergente neutro/N total e N insoluvel em detergente acido/N total e aumentou as relacoes N nao-proteico/N total, N amoniacal/N total e os teores de PB. O N aplicado foi retido, principalmente, nas formas de NNP e N amoniacal.
Two classes of graphs with symmetries allowing a compact representation

Symmetries are a convenient way to describe redundancies in data. This article presents two novel classes of graphs which can be represented in a compressed format using symmetries. We denote the first class as symmetry-compressible graphs where global automorphisms are used to create the representation. Since automorphisms are scarce in real graphs, we extend this notion by defining near symmetry-compressible graphs, which contain a much larger class of graphs, including many graphs arising in practice. In order to demonstrate the practical potential of the presented classes, we design two compression algorithms and evaluate them on a set of realistic networks.
Compact Modeling of Surface Potential and Drain Current in Multi-layered MoS2 FETs

In this paper, we present a channel thickness dependent analytical model for MoS2 symmetric double-gate FETs aiming at circuit simulation. To validate the model behavior, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are taken into account to obtain numerical data of N-layer ($\mathbf{N}=\mathbf{1,2,3,4}$, and 5) MoS2 accounting for the $K$ and $\Lambda$ valley dependent effective masses and difference in energy levels. These extracted layer dependent material parameters are used as an input with layer independent mobility in DD simulator (coupled drift-diffusion and Poisson solver). The model shows excellent match for surface potential and drain current. The model prediction of digital figure of merits is also shown against the simulation data.
In silico fusion of epsilon and beta toxin genes of Clostridium perfringens types D and B

Fusion protein technology represents the strategy to achieve rapid, efficient, and cost-effective protein expression. Epsilon and Beta toxins are the most potent Clostridial toxins and cause disease in animals. This study describes in silico fusion of Clostridium perfringens types D and B epsilon and beta toxin genes that was used for cloning in E. coli. The etx and cpb genes were retrieved from the GenBank and a fusion gene was designed to produce a chimeric fusion protein. Secondary and tertiary structures and specificities of fusion protein were determined by online software. Results showed that the designed fusion gene construction is suitable for chimeric fusion protein expression.
Applying the Random Forest Model to Forecast the Market Reaction of Start-up Firms: Case Study of GISA Equity Crowdfunding Platform in Taiwan

In 2015, Taiwan introduced an exchange platform for equity crowdfunding called the Go Incubation Board for Startup and Acceleration (GISA) which is supervised by the OTC Taipei Exchange organization. Equity crowdfunding provides another channel for startups to access capital and allows for a new mechanism for start-up firms to establish their reputation with investors. However, the risks to investors from equity crowdfunding are high. The high-risk nature of equity crowdfunding has the potential to act as a contagion, and further erode confidence in the startup capital market by retail investors -- and this lingers over the GISA platform in Taiwan. Therefore, this study applies the of Random Forest (RF) algorithm to evaluate the market reaction for start-up firms on the GISA in Taiwan. The RF algorithm is proposed to be integrated into an AI model to forecast the market reaction to start-up firms as they get listed on the GISA equity crowdfunding platform. The results not only fulfill the gap of detecting market reaction in equity crowdfunding, but the proposed RF model can replace the traditional statistics analytical technique to evaluate the market reaction. In proposed model applied AI algorithms to predict the market reaction on Taiwan GISA platform which can provide a useful ensemble tool for start-up firms and entrepreneurs to evaluate the degree of market reaction more efficiently before listing on the Taiwan GISA platform.
Optimization techniques for hyperthermia treatment planning of breast cancer: A comparative study

This paper compares five different optimization techniques for hyperthermia treatment planning (HTP) of breast cancer in terms of their ability to focus the specific absorption rate (SAR) in tumor and to reduce the hotspots in healthy tissues. Simulation results indicate that particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) outperformed other algorithms and produced the least hotspot to quotient ratio (< 0.99) and confined SAR in the tumor. The average SAR in the tumour provided by GA is 65% higher than PSO. Hence, it is concluded that GA can be explored as the optimization technique for HTP of breast cancer.
Rhizanthella gardneri (Orchidaceae), its rhizoctonia endophyte and close association with Melaleuca uncinata (Myrtaceae) in Western Australia

Summary Rhizanthella gardneri R. S. Rogers, a rare subterranean achlorophyllous orchid which grows in Western Australia near plants of the Myrtaceous shrub Meialeuca uncinata R. Br. ex Alton f. , is associated with an undescribed species of Rhizoctonia which forms hyphal coils within cortical cells of the orchid rhizome. The Rhizoctonia also forms ectomycorrhizas with sheath and Hartig net on Meialeuca uncinata and other ectomycorrhizal plants including Eucalyptus. Seeds of R. gardneri may germinate without the Rhizoctonia but their growth soon ceases unless the protocorm is invaded by the fungus through the protocorm hairs. Two plants of R. gardneri raised from seed in association with Rhizoctonia ectomycorrhizas on M. uncinata have flowered after 15 months. The Rhizanthella endophyte stimulated germination of seed of R. gardneri but not seed of two chlorophyllous terrestrial orchids, Prasophyllum regium R. Rogers and Microtis unifolia (Forster f.) Reichb. f. However, germination of these two orchids was stimulated by five of six other Rhizoctonias, including Tkanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk and two species of Tulasnella, also isolated from soil and litter from two Rhizanthella sites.
Charge Sheet Super Junction in 4H-Silicon Carbide

SuperJunctions (SJs) have long been realized in Si. However, their fabrication in 4H-Silicon Carbide (SiC) has been problematic because of poor control of the p-dopant activation efficiency in SiC. We propose that this problem related to SiC material be overcome using a version of SJ called Charge Sheet SJ (CSSJ) which we proposed in the context of Si material a decade ago. In CSSJ, the p-pillar is replaced by an insulator such as Al2O3 which has a fixed negative charge at its interface with the SiO2 used as a liner before depositing Al2O3 this negative charge simulates the ionized p-dopants, and can be easily controlled via the Al2O3 deposition temperature. Also, it may be easier to deposit an insulator rather than realize a p-pillar, in a high aspect ratio trench. We build the motivation for fabricating the CSSJ in SiC by outlining its possible fabrication steps, and reporting its TCAD simulations for pillars of $5\ \mu \mathrm{m}$ width, $18\ \mu \mathrm{m}$ length and $2-8\times 10^{12}\mathrm{cm}^{-2}$ charge. We find that the 4-H SiC CSSJ can have 40% lower specific on-resistance and up to 15% higher breakdown voltage than an SJ. Further, as compared to CSSJ in Si, the breakdown voltage of a CSSJ in SiC is $>$ ten times less sensitive to pillar charge imbalance arising from process variations.
BlastFunction: an FPGA-as-a-Service system for Accelerated Serverless Computing

Heterogeneous computing platforms are now a valuable solution to continue to meet Service Level Agreements (SLAs) for compute intensive cloud workloads. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) effectively accelerate cloud workloads, however, these workloads have a spiky behavior as well as long periods of underutilization. Sharing the FPGA with multiple tenants then helps to increase the board’s time utilization. In this paper we present BlastFunction, a distributed FPGA sharing system for the acceleration of microservices and serverless applications in cloud environments. BlastFunction includes a Remote OpenCL Library to access the shared devices transparently; multiple Device Managers to time-share and monitor the FPGAs and a central Accelerators Registry to allocate the available devices. BlastFunction reaches higher utilization and throughput w.r. t. a native execution thanks to device sharing, with minimal differences in latency given by the concurrent accesses.
A DFT Scheme to Improve Coverage of Hard-to-Detect Faults in FinFET SRAMs

Manufacturing defects can cause faults in FinFET SRAMs. Of them, easy-to-detect (ETD) faults always cause incorrect behavior, and therefore are easily detected by applying sequences of write and read operations. However, hard-to-detect (HTD) faults may not cause incorrect behavior, only parametric deviations. Detection of these faults is of major importance as they may lead to test escapes. This paper proposes a new design-for-testability (DFT) scheme for FinFET SRAMs to detect such faults by creating a mismatch in the sense amplifier (SA). This mismatch, combined with the defect in the cell, will incorrectly bias the SA and cause incorrect read outputs. Furthermore, post-silicon calibration schemes can be used to avoid over-testing or test escapes caused by process variation effects. Compared to the state of the art, this scheme introduces negligible overheads in area and test time while it significantly improves fault coverage and reduces the number of test escapes.
Three years of free‐air CO2 enrichment (POPFACE) only slightly affect profiles of light and leaf characteristics in closed canopies of Populus

Modelling is used to predict long‐term forest responses to increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Although productivity models are based on light intercepted by the canopy, very little experimental data are available for closed forest stands. Nevertheless, the relationships between light inside a canopy, leaf area, canopy structure, and individual leaf characteristics may be affected by elevated CO2, affecting in turn carbon gain.
CPS-oriented Modeling and Control of Traffic Signals Using Adaptive Back Pressure

Modeling and design of automotive systems from a cyber-physical system (CPS) perspective have lately attracted extensive attention. As the trend towards automated driving and connectivity accelerates, strong interactions between vehicles and the infrastructure are expected. This requires modeling and control of the traffic network in a similarly formal manner. Modeling of such networks involves a tradeoff between expressivity of the appropriate features and tractability of the control problem. Back-pressure control of traffic signals is gaining ground due to its decentralized implementation, low computational complexity, and no requirements on prior traffic information. It guarantees maximum stability under idealistic assumptions. However, when deployed in real traffic intersections, the existing back-pressure control algorithms may result in poor junction utilization due to (i) fixed-length control phases; (ii) stability as the only objective; and (iii) obliviousness to finite road capacities and empty roads. In this paper, we propose a CPS-oriented model of traffic intersections and control of traffic signals, aiming to address the utilization issue of the back-pressure algorithms. We consider a more realistic model with transition phases and dedicated turning lanes, the latter influencing computation of the pressure and subsequently the utilization. The main technical contribution is an adaptive controller that enables varying-length control phases and considers both stability and utilization, while taking both cases of full roads and empty roads into account. We implement a mechanism to prevent frequent changes of control phases and thus limit the number of transition phases, which have negative impact on the junction utilization. Microscopic simulation results with SUMO on a 3×3 traffic network under various traffic patterns show that the proposed algorithm is at least about 13% better in performance than the existing fixed-length backpressure control algorithms reported in previous works. This is a significant improvement in the context of traffic signal control.
A Graph-Based Approach for Aspect Extraction from Online Customer Reviews

: E-commerce websites have become main market players in the 21st century due to advancement in the internet technology. Apart from buying products online, customers are also providing reviews on the products purchased by them. These reviews help new customers to buy various products according to their needs, liking, and preferences. However, millions of reviews are added by the customer on a daily basis. To extract meaningful information manually from these huge amounts of reviews is a tough task. So, it is required to develop an automatic analytics tool for the review sentences. Aspect extraction is one of the vital tasks in the process of meaningful information extraction from the products having various entities. In this work, a novel product aspect extraction approach has been proposed which utilize a graph-based technique with the integration of statistical and semantic information. The analysis of experimental re-sults shows that the proposed approach is efficient and effective in comparison to the state of art methods.
Hybrid Integrator-Gain Systems: A Remedy for Overshoot Limitations in Linear Control?

This letter shows that for a single-input single-output linear time-invariant plant having a real unstable open-loop pole, the overshoot inherent when using any stabilizing linear time-invariant feedback controller can be eliminated with a hybrid integrator-gain-based control strategy. Key design considerations underlying the presented controller are discussed, and an interpretation of the working mechanism is provided.
Effects of compound Danshen dripping pills on brain natriuretic peptide level and ventricular remodeling after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Objective To study the effects of compound Danshen dripping pills on brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) level and ventricular remodeling after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods A total of 150 patients with AMI who underwent PCI in the People’s Hospital of Xinzhou from February 2015 to February 2018 were randomly divided into experimental group and control group according to the random number table method, with 75 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were given routine treatment (oxygen inhalation, subcutaneous injection of low molecular weight heparin), while the patients in the experimental group were given compound Danshen dripping pills orally on this basis of treatment of control group. The plasma BNP concentration and ventricular remodeling indexes including left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were compared between the two groups 24 h and 1 month after operation. The peripheral blood white blood cell count (WBC) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were recorded in the two groups 24 h and 1 week after operation. Results At 1 month after operation, the plasma BNP levels in the two groups were lower than those at 24 h after operation, and the decrease of BNP concentration in experimental group was more significant than that in control group (P all 0.05). However, the LVEF level was higher than that at 1 week after operation, and the index in experimental group was higher than that in control group (P all <0.05). At 1 week after operation, the WBC and CRP in the two groups were decreased compared with those at 24 h after operation, and the decreases were more significant in experimental group ( P all<0.05). Conclusions Compound Danshen dripping pills can alleviate inflammation and reduce BNP level in patients with AMI after PCI. It can improve symptoms and prevent ventricular remodeling. Key words: Compound Danshen dripping pills; Acute myocardial infarction; Percutaneous coronary intervention; Brain natriuretic peptide; Ventricular remodeling