Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic analysis of some Egyptian rice genotypes using RAPD, SSR and AFLP

nformation of genetic similarities and diversity among superior Egyptian rice genotypes is necessary for future rice breeding programs and derivation of plant lines. Genetic variability and relationships among seven Egyptian rice genotypes namely Giza 178, Giza177, Giza 175, Giza171 Giza 172, Sakha 102, and Sakha 101 were established by using eight RAPD primers, six SSR primer pairs, eight AFLP primer combinations. The level of polymorphism as revealed by RAPD, SSR and AFLP was 72.2, 90, and 67.9%, respectively. The highest genetic relationship as revealed by combined RAPD, SSR, and AFLP was detected between Giza 175 and Giza177 (83.4%), while the lowest similarity was found between Giza 178 and Sakha 101 (61.5%). Dendrograms derived from different techniques include minor differences in clustering pattern but did not affect the main grouping of the different genotypes. Moreover RAPD, SSR and AFLP-based dendrograms clustered the two genotypes Giza171 and Giza 172 together and the two genotypes Giza 175 and Giza 177 in the same cluster. RAPD, SSR, and AFLP techniques characterized the seven rice varieties by a large number of unique markers, which revealed 17, 4, and 65 unique markers, respectively. It could be concluded that each type of the three molecular approaches of DNA analysis could identify the different rice genotypes, and some of the Egyptian rice genotypes under investigation have probably originated from closely related ancestors and possess high degree of genetic similarity.
Bone measurements of molted layers fed low-salt corn and soybean meal diets containing safflower meal or tomato pomace

SUMMARY In California, because of high levels of production of tomatoes and safflower seeds, there is an abundance of tomato pomace, an agricultural by-product of tomato processing, and safflower meal from decorticated safflower seeds. It is possible that these agricultural by-products could be used in non-feed-removal molt diets for laying hens. Third-cycle Single Comb White Leghorn hens were fed non-feed-removal molt diets, under 8 h of light, containing either corn-soybean meal (CS8, the control), corn meal with no added salt (C-NS), C-NS + safflower meal, or C-NS + tomato pomace to induce molting. A control diet with 16 h of light was included to indicate any environmental factors, excluding 8 h of light and experimental diets, that could induce molt. After 8 wk postmolt, the left tibias of 6 hens per treatment (1 per replicate pen) were examined for bone health, including mineral density, mineral content, ultimate load, ultimate stress, stiffness, and ash. Bone mineral density for hens fed C-NS + tomato pomace was statistically lower than that for hens fed CS8 (P ≤ 0.07). No differences were observed between the other diets and CS8 for bone density and all other measurements. We concluded that safflower meal and tomato pomace could be used as effective components of non-feed-removal molt diets. A postmolt source of calcium should be included when feeding tomato pomace during molt.
Testing the role of metadata in metaphor identification

This paper describes the adaptation and application of a neural network system for the automatic detection of metaphors. The LSTM BiRNN system participated in the shared task of metaphor identification that was part of the Second Workshop of Figurative Language Processing (FigLang2020) held at the Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL2020). The particular focus of our approach is on the potential influence that the metadata given in the ETS Corpus of Non-Native Written English might have on the automatic detection of metaphors in this dataset. The article first discusses the annotated ETS learner data, highlighting some of its peculiarities and inherent biases of metaphor use. A series of evaluations follow in order to test whether specific metadata influence the system performance in the task of automatic metaphor identification. The system is available under the APLv2 open-source license.
One Serum Amyloid A Isotype is Selectively Removed

Serum amyioid A (SAA) 1 is presumed to be the precursor for amyloid A protein, the main protein constituent found in the amyioid fibrils of reactive amyloidosis (1-3). In the mouse SAA is encoded by a family of three genes (Morrow, John F., personal communication). SAA1 and SAA2 are synthesized in the liver by hepatocytes (4-10) and are found circulating in nearly equal quantities associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL) (11). SAA3 mRNA is also expressed in the liver; however, the corresponding polypeptide has not been identified. We have found that of the three possible SAA gene products, SAA2 appears to be the sole precursor of murine amyloid fibril protein AA (12). We wish to determine by what mechanism this monotypic fibril formation occurs. One can conceive of three ways in which this could come about: (a) the gene for SAA2 could be active in tissues in which the deposits occur; (b) amyloid A fibril protein could be derived from a circulating SAA2 precursor whose concentration is selectively enhanced relative to the other SAA proteins during the induction of the disease process; and (c) there could be selective SAA~ removal from a circulating pool of possible precursors and deposition of SAA2 as amyloid A protein. We designed the experiments described here to decide among these three alternatives. To differentiate among the several possible mechanisms of amyloidosis, we searched for evidence of local SAA synthesis and examined SAA metabolism during amyloid induction at the level of SAA gene expression, synthesis, secretion, and circulatory levels. We conclude that anayloid A protein monotypy is not due to local SAA2 production, nor is it a reflection of selective increase of SAA2 isotype levels in the circulation. However, it does involve the selective and rapid removal of SAA2 from the circulating pool of both SAA~ and SAAz. Our experimental analysis clearly indicates that a combination of some feature of SAA~ interacting with itself and/or local tissue constituents is responsible for the appearance of amyloid fibrils with AA2 as the major constituent peptide.
An acoustic comparison: Setswana vowels versus the cardinal vowels

This article strives to make the reader aware of the many discrepancies that exist in the classification and description of the Setswana vowels when compared to the cardinal vowels. It further aims to draw the attention to the more scientific approach of describing and classifying vowels based on the comparison of the acoustic values of vowels with those of the cardinal vowels. Customarily the vowels of Setswana are compared to the cardinal vowels and positioned accordingly on a traditional vowel chart while the comparison is based on auditory perception alone. As acoustically determined formant values of the cardinal vowels are available, comparisons between the cardinal vowels and the vowels of Setswana (and other languages) should be construed on acoustic data.
Supervised Disambiguation of German Verbal Idioms with a BiLSTM Architecture

Supervised disambiguation of verbal idioms (VID) poses special demands on the quality and quantity of the annotated data used for learning and evaluation. In this paper, we present a new VID corpus for German and perform a series of VID disambiguation experiments on it. Our best classifier, based on a neural architecture, yields an error reduction across VIDs of 57% in terms of accuracy compared to a simple majority baseline.
Micro-nutrient management for soil fertility, nutrients uptake and productivity of greengram (Vigna radiata) and finger millet (Eleusine coracana) under semi- arid Alfisols

Three field experiments of greengram [ Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] followed by finger millet [ Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. ] in sequence with 12 treatments of micro-nutrients in combination with recommended NPK fertilizers applied to finger millet were conducted during 20052007 in a semi-arid Alfisols at Bengaluru, Karnataka. The ef- fects of treatments on available soil and plant uptake of nutrients and yield of crops were assessed. Using the rela- tionships of yield with soil and plant nutrient variables, regression models of yield through soil and plant variables were calibrated and effects of variables on crop yields were assessed. The models gave high and significant yield predictability in the range of 0.920. 98 through different variables. The model of plant uptake through soil nutrients indicated that soil sulphur, iron and zinc had a significant positive effect; while soil N, K, boron and molybdenum had a negative effect on plant nutrient status in greengram. Similarly, soil P, manganese and zinc had a significant positive effect, while soil N, K and iron had a negative effect on plant uptake of nutrients in finger millet. Based on a relative efficiency index (REI) criterion, recommended NPK + ZnSO @ 12.5 kg/ha + borax @ 10 kg/ha + Mo @ 2 4 g/kg seed (9.68) was superior for maximum plant uptake, while recommended NPK + FYM @ 10 t/ha (9.21) was superior for maximum soil fertility of nutrients in greengram. In finger millet, recommended NPK + FYM @ 10 t/ha (8.70) showed the maximum REI for soil nutrients, while recommended NPK + ZnSO @ 12.5 kg/ha + borax @ 10 4 kg/ha (9.71) the maximum REI for plant uptake of nutrients. The combined REI over soil and plant nutrients for both crops indicated that application of NPK + ZnSO @ 12.5 kg/ha + borax @ 10 kg/ha + Mo @ 2 g/kg seed could 4 be prescribed for attaining maximum plant uptake of nutrients and productivity of greengram and finger millet in sequence, apart from maintaining maximum soil fertility of nutrients under semi-arid Alfisols.
First report of downy mildew caused by Peronospora verbenae on verbena in the Czech Republic.

Verbena (Verbena officinalis) is a perennial herb native to Europe, which is widely grown for traditional medicine and tea or for ornamental purposes. In August 2009, plants showing typical symptoms of downy mildew disease were collected in Brno, Czech Republic. In September 2009, plants with symptoms were found also in Olomouc. Infected leaves turned yellow or pale green, with a greyish to brownish fungal-like downy growth developing on the abaxial leaf surface. Detailed microscopic examination of a representative sample (KUS-F24423) was made to identify the pathogen. Conidiophores were subhyaline, tree-like, straight, 250–400 · 7–12 lm, monopodially branched in 5–7 orders, and emergent from stomata. Ultimate branchlets were substraight to slightly curved, 5–12 lm long, 2–3 lm wide, and had obtuse or subacute tips. Conidia were greyish brown to violet, ellipsoidal, with size in the range 25–38 · 17–20 lm, and a length ⁄ width ratio of 1AE3–2AE0. These data are in full agreement with those given forPeronosporaverbenae (Braunetal., 2009). The amplification and sequencing of the ITS rDNA were performed with primers DC6 and ITS4 (Cookeet al., 2000), with the sequence of the region deposited in GenBank (Accession No. GQ919014). Comparison with the sequences available in the GenBank database revealed that the ITS sequence shares a 94% similarity with Peronospora flava. Since this was the first sequence submitted for P. verbenae, no comparable data were available. Downy mildew disease on verbena was first recorded under Plasmopara halstedii from New Mexico, USA (Anonymous 1960, cited in Farr & Rossman, 2009). Plasmopara halstedii, however, is reported only on Helianthus or some related Asteraceae (Leppik, 1966).
The Risk of Racial Bias while Tracking Virus-Related Content on Social Media using Machine Learning

Objective. From the seasonal inﬂuenza virus to the development of COVID-19, social media can be used to understand and track them using machine learning. Because these systems are used at-scale, they have the potential to adversely impact the people they are built to help. In this study, we explore the potential biases of machine learning methods developed to monitor and track the spread of viruses on social media. Materials and Methods. Two inﬂuenza-related datasets are used to train various text classiﬁcation models with multiple pre-trained word embeddings. We measure the fairness of inﬂuenza classiﬁcation models by comparing the results on tweets written in Standard American English and African American Vernacular English. Results. We ﬁnd that all of the tested machine learning methods are biased. We also ﬁnd that the best performing neural network methods generally result in more unfair results than linear models. Discussion
Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Skins and Seeds of Foreign and Iranian Grapes

Grape skins and seeds are sources of phenolic compounds that contribute to the sensory characteristics and beneficial bioactivity of wines and other processed foods. Grape seed and skin extracts from foreign, wild and Iranian cultivars were assayed for their antioxidant properties and phenolic compositions. Finally, the results were compared with those of Vitis vinifera cv. Muscat of Alexandria and V.labrusca . Among the skins of grape cultivars analyzed, those of Lalsiyah contained the highest amount of total phenolics (1067.5 mg 100g -1 gallic acid equivalent of fresh weight) and antiradical activities (0.79 m mol g -1 trolox equivalent of fresh weight). In contrast, Dedeskiramfi contained highest amount of seed total phenolics (2277.3 mg 100 g -1 GAE of fresh weight). The phenolic content of different grapes depends mainly on the grape skin color. The total phenolic content of W8 and W11 with white skins was significantly different from grapes with dark skins. Lalsiyah skin contained the highest amount of total flavonoid, total anthocyanins content, total procyanidin monomers and antiradical activity. Since, total phenolic content is an index of potent antioxidant capability; Lalsiyah will be good resource of antioxidant in food and pharmaceutical industries.
EFFECT OF NITROGEN LEVELS AND WEED-CROP COMPETITION DURATIONS ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF MAIZE*

Effect of different nitrogen levels and weed-crop competition durations on yield and yield components of maize was evaluated at Post Graduate Agricultural Research Station, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during 2005 and 2006 kharif seasons. The objective was to determine the critical period of weed-crop competition in maize crop under different fertility levels. In this study, naturally occurring population of weeds was allowed to compete with maize crop for 0 (weed free throughout growing season), 2, 3, 4, 5 and 15 weeks (weedy throughout growing season). Three nitrogen levels (150, 200 and 250 kg/ha) were used. The results revealed that weed free plots fertilized at 250 kg N produced higher grain yield (7.79 t/ha) against the significantly minimum grain yield (2.60 t/ha) from the plots fertilized at 150 kg N and remained weedy throughout crop growth period. Nitrogen levels and weed-crop competition durations significantly affected plant height, grains number per cob, time taken to 50 percent tasseling, time taken to 50 percent silking, number of rows per cob and number of cobs per plant. These parameters finally contributed towards grain yield. It was concluded that under low nitrogen levels, intensive weed control efforts are required to minimize weed-crop competition compared with higher nitrogen applications.
The sensory component of imagination: The motor theory of imagination as a present-day solution to Sartre's critique

Several recent accounts claim that imagination is a matter of simulating perceptual acts. Although this point of view receives support from both phenomenological and empirical research, I claim that Jean-Paul Sartre's worry formulated in L'imagination (1936) still holds. For a number of reasons, Sartre heavily criticizes theories in which the sensory material of imaginative acts consists in reviving sensory impressions. Based on empirical and philosophical insights, this article explains how simulation theories of imagination can overcome Sartre's critique by paying attention to the motor dimension of imagination. Intending to clarify the status of the sensory in imagination, a motor theory of imagination is presented in which the sensory component of imagination is interpreted in terms of anticipated sensory consequences of preparation for motor action.
ZmPto, a maize Pto-like gene, significantly affects salt resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis

Studies have shown that Pto (confers resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. to mato ) plays an important role in plant disease resistance pathway. However, little is known about its responses to salt stress. A previous study has shown that maize ZmPto (Pto -like gene from Z ea mays L.) is induced by salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), mannitol and salt. In this study, ZmPto was over-expressed in Arabidopsis in order to further analyze its biological functions. Under salt stress, transgenic plants grew better, had significantly higher seedling fresh and dry weight (FW, DW), seed yields, proline content and lower relative electric conductivity level compared with wild type. The seedling FW of transgenic lines, L1 and L2, increased by 40% and 60%, respectively. In addition, the DW of transgenic lines seedling, L1 and L2, increased 45% and 53%, respectively. The seed weight of L1 and L2 transgenic lines increased 73 % and 120 %, respectively. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed that compared with the wide type (WT) plants, the expression levels of RD29B , KIN2 , SOS3 and P5CS1 in transgenic lines increased significantly. To our knowledge, this is the first report from the effect of over-expression of Pto-like gene which enhances the salt resistance in plants.
Being neighbourly: Neural metaphor identification in discourse

Existing approaches to metaphor processing typically rely on local features, such as immediate lexico-syntactic contexts or information within a given sentence. However, a large body of corpus-linguistic research suggests that situational information and broader discourse properties influence metaphor production and comprehension. In this paper, we present the first neural metaphor processing architecture that models a broader discourse through the use of attention mechanisms. Our models advance the state of the art on the all POS track of the 2018 VU Amsterdam metaphor identification task. The inclusion of discourse-level information yields further significant improvements.
Implementation of aquaponics in education: An assessment of challenges and solutions

Aquaponics is the combination of aquaculture and hydroponic technology to grow fish and plants together. While aquaponics can play a role in food security, it may also be a potential educational tool because of its interdisciplinary nature and required technological skills. With aquaponics, students could conduct activities involving chemistry, physics, biology and sustainability to solidify their understanding of scientific theories. The interdisciplinary nature of aquaponics may make it an appealing tool for science education, yet that same aspect may also make an aquaponics system challenging to implement and manage. Given this paradox, this exploratory research assessed challenges and solutions facing aquaponics in education with a focus on implementation. In-depth interview data were collected through phone interviews with educators (N=10) who currently, or had in the past five years, used an aquaponics system in educational settings in North America. Participants reported two challenges: technical difficulties as a result of the nature of aquaponics and restrictions as a result of school settings. Solutions given by participants were physical aquaponics system modifications and the development of community connections and support, passion for aquaponics and expertise. These findings will help educators manage their expectations for aquaponics while establishing objectives for their individual settings.
Hypromellose Spherical Agglomerates for Sustained Release of Tiaprofenic Acid

The present work aimed to prepare hypromellose (HPMC) spherical agglomerates for sustained release (SR) of Tiaprofenic acid (TPA) with improved flow and compression properties using quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion technique of spherical crystallization. Acetone and 0.1 N HCl were used as good solvent and poor solvent, respectively, while hypromellose was used as release retardant polymers. The prepared agglomerates were subjected to evaluation of micromeritic, mechanical, and compression properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed for studying morphology and release characteristic of agglomerates was evaluated by and in-vitro dissolution study. DSC and FT-IR were performed to evaluate the presence of any drug-polymer incompatibility. Spherical agglomerates generated possessed uniform dispersion of drug in the of polymer matrix with average particle size in the range of 200-400 μm. Improved flow, packability, compatibility, and mechanical properties of agglomerates can be attributed to spherical shape. Improved compatibility and mechanical strength of agglomerates were indicated by higher crushing strength, lower σ0 value in Heckel plot analysis, higher tensile strength, and lower elastic recovery compared to pure drug crystals. Sphericity and surface smoothness of agglomerates were revealed in SEM photos. SR of drug for prolonged period of time was revealed in in-vitro dissolution study. DSC and FTIR indicated the absence of drug-polymer incompatibility. Quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion technique has been successfully utilized for the development of directly compressible SR spherical agglomerates of hypromellose containing poorly soluble drugs like tiaprofenic acid. Dushyant A. Shah 1 , Kishorkumar R. Sorathia 2 * 1 Departmentof Pharmaceutics, APMC College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Himmatnagar, Gujarat, India 2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Smt. C. V. Gajera Pharmacy Mahila College, Amreli, Gujarat, India. Submission: 29 November 2016 Accepted: 5 December 2016 Published: 25 December 2016 www.ijppr. humanjournals.com Citation: Kishorkumar R. Sorathia et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 8 (1): 70-87. 71
Taxonomic novelties in Neotropical Chrysobalanaceae: towards a monophyletic Couepia

Recent molecular phylogenetic studies in Chrysobalanaceae as well as new analyses presented in this study cast doubt on the monophyly of the three largest genera in the family, Couepia , Hirtella and Licania . Couepia , a Neotropical genus, had species appearing in four separate clades, the majority of species sequenced, however, form a highly supported clade, referred to here as core Couepia (including the type species). These results lend support to a revised taxonomy of the genus, and to resolve Couepia as monophyletic the following taxonomic changes are here proposed: Couepia recurva should be transferred to Hirtella , C. platycalyx transferred to Licania , C. longipendula and C. dolichopoda transferred to Acioa , and a new genus, Gaulettia , is proposed to accommodate species of the Gaulettia clade and allies.