Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shared Weights Yield Accurate Image Recovery with Scarce Training Labels: SURE Analysis

Labeled data are often scarce in important applications, such as medicine, where expert judgments or ground truth measurements are expensive to acquire. Data scarcity impedes training standard deep neural network architectures to high accuracy, especially under compressive measurements. Recently, cross-layer weight sharing emerged as an effective regularization technique with promising generalization power. Leveraging Stein’s Un-biased Risk Estimator (SURE) as a proxy for generalization risk, this paper analyzes train sample complexity and proves that in the low complexity regime, under certain conditions, weight sharing achieves a smaller risk than would typical optimization with weights separately varying. Supporting empirical observations are presented for linear inverse tasks including natural image de-noising, deblurring, and compressed sensing MRI. These observations show that under the regime of low train sample size, weight sharing achieves a higher PSNR than non-sharing; the advantage decreases as the sample size increases. In analogy with scattering networks, frequency analysis of the unrolled network identiﬁes weight sharing with bandpass ﬁltering, while non-shared network alternate across layers between low and bandpass ﬁlters.
Enhanced Phosphate Removal from Water by Honeycomb-Like Microporous Lanthanum-Chitosan Magnetic Spheres

The removal of phosphate in water is crucial and effective for control of eutrophication, and adsorption is one of the most effective treatment processes. In this study, microporous lanthanum-chitosan magnetic spheres were successfully synthetized and used for the removal of phosphate in water. The characterization results show that the dispersion of lanthanum oxide is improved because of the porous properties of the magnetic spheres. Moreover, the contact area and active sites between lanthanum oxide and phosphate were increased due to the presence of many honeycomb channels inside the magnetic spheres. In addition, the maximum adsorption capacity of the Langmuir model was 27.78 mg P·g−1; and the adsorption kinetics were in good agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and intra-particle diffusion model. From the results of thermodynamic analysis, the phosphate adsorption process of lanthanum-chitosan magnetic spheres was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. In conditional tests, the optimal ratio of lanthanum/chitosan was 1.0 mmol/g. The adsorption capacity of as-prepared materials increased with the augmentation of the dosage of the adsorbent and the decline of pH value. The co-existing anions, Cl− and NO3− had little effect on adsorption capacity to phosphate, while CO32− exhibited an obviously negative influence on the adsorption capacity of this adsorbent. In general, owing to their unique hierarchical porous structures, high-adsorption capacity and low cost, lanthanum-chitosan magnetic spheres are potentially applicable in eutrophic water treatment.
Disease Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation for Twelve Weeks Increases Lean Body Mass in Obese Humans 1 , 2

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) alters body composition in animal models, but few studies have examined the effects of CLA supplementation on body composition and clinical safety measures in obese humans. In the present study, we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to examine the changes in body composition and clinical laboratory values following CLA (50:50 ratio of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 isomers) supplementation for 12 wk in otherwise healthy obese humans. Forty-eight participants (13 males and 35 females) were randomized to receive placebo (8 g safflower oil/d), 3.2 g/d CLA, or 6.4 g/d CLA for 12 wk. Changes in body fat mass and lean body mass were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Resting energy expenditure was assessed by indirect calorimetry. Clinical laboratory values and adverseevent reporting were used to monitor safety. Lean body mass increased by 0.64 kg in the 6.4 g/d CLA group (P , 0.05) after 12 wk of intervention. Significant decreases in serum HDL-cholesterol and sodium, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, and significant increases in serum alkaline phosphatase, C-reactive protein, and IL-6, and white blood cells occurred in the 6.4 g/d CLA group, although all values remained within normal limits. The intervention was well tolerated and no severe adverse events were reported, although mild gastrointestinal adverse events were reported in all treatment groups. In conclusion, whereas CLA may increase lean body mass in obese humans, it may also increase markers of inflammation in the short term. J. Nutr. 137: 1188–1193, 2007.
Biogenesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Penicillium fellutanum andDetermination of its Antibacterial Activity

Silver nanoparticles were produced from cell free extract of Penicillium fellutanum with aqueous silver nitrate. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were produced in colloidal form outside the fungal cell in the external yeast malt extract (YM) media. Visual change in the color of the extract from deep yellow to grey indicates bioreduction of silver metal ions resulting in silver nanoaprticles synthesis. The reaction mixture was characterized by UV-visible spectrometry and absorption was measured from 350 nm to 450 nm and λ-max was found to be 430 nm. Antibacterial efficacy of AgNPs was investigated using disc diffusion method against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila and Klebsiella pneumoniae and was found to be effective antibacterial agent. Thus Penicillium fellutanum could be used as a source of silver nanoparticles, an ecofriendly alternative process for the mycosynthesis of stable AgNPs with future applications in biomedical based on its antibacterial properties.
A single point mutation ( E 166 Q ) prevents dicyclohexylcarbodumide binding to the photosystem II subunit CP 29

Energy-dependent quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (qE) reflects the action of a powerful mechanism of protection from photoinhibition in which the low pH in the chloroplast lumen induces dissipation of excess excitation energy. Dicyclohexylcarbodumide (DCCD), a protein-modifying agent, is a powerful inhibitor of qE and has been shown to react with acidic residues, in a hydrophobic environment, involved in proton translocation. The CP29 subunit of photosystem II has been proposed to be the site of qE quenching and shown to bind DCCD. We have hypothesised, on the basis of the CP29 protein sequence and of the structure of light-harvesting complex II protein, that glutamic acid 166 is the DCCD binding site. In this study, we have produced recombinant proteins either with wildtype sequence or carrying a mutation on the 166 position. We show that the mutant protein does not bind DCCD. This identifies E166 as the site whose protonation may lead to a conformational change triggering qE.
Improving Remote Sensing of Aerosol Microphysical Properties by Near‐Infrared Polarimetric Measurements Over Vegetated Land: Information Content Analysis

While polarimetric measurements contain valuable information regarding aerosol microphysical properties, polarization data in the near‐infrared (NIR) bands have not been widely utilized. This paper evaluates whether the aerosol property information contents from single‐viewing satellite polarimetric measurements at 1,610 and 2,250 nm can be used to improve the retrieval of aerosol parameters over vegetated land, in combination with shorter‐wavelength bands (490, 670, and 870 nm). The a priori information and errors for the analysis are derived by assuming that the surface reflectance at visible wavelengths can be derived from the top of atmosphere at 2,250 nm. The information content in the synthetic data set is investigated for 10 aerosol parameters characterizing the columnar aerosol volumes ( V0f and V0c ), particle size distributions ( refff , vefff , reffc , and veffc ), and refractive indices ( mrf , mif , mrc , and mic ) for the fine‐ and coarse‐mode aerosol models, respectively, and one parameter C characterizing the surface polarization. The results indicate that the degrees of freedom for signal can be increased by at least 2 with the addition of NIR measurements and that one to three additional parameters could be further retrieved with significantly decreased uncertainties. In addition, the 1,610 nm band is necessary for the simultaneous retrieval of V0f , mrf , and refff for the fine mode dominated aerosols, while the 1,610 and 2,250 nm bands are both indispensable for retrieving V0f , V0c , mrc , refff , and reffc in tandem for the coarse mode dominated aerosols. The analysis also reveals that C could be further retrieved by including scalar radiance and that measurement errors have significantly larger influences on the retrieval uncertainties than model errors.
Characteristics of a Mobile Multi-Technology Intervention : Take a Break Health Topics : Tobacco cessation , cravings , low-motivated smokers Targeted age group : Adults Other targeted group characteristics : Unmotivated to quit tobacco use Short description of game idea

Digital health technologies most often reach only those more motivated to engage, particularly when preventive health is targeted. To test whether gamification could be used to engage the unmotivated, we conceptualized “Take a Break” a three-week technology-assisted challenge for smokers to compete in setting and achieving brief abstinence goals. Usability testing of the multitechnology Take a Break challenge was performed by a panel of smokers. These smokers were given 1) daily motivational messages, 2) brief “challenge quizzes” related to smoking behaviors, 3) a telehealth call to personalize their abstinence goal for the challenge and 4) a set “coping mini-games” to help manage cravings while attempting to achieve their brief abstinence goals. Fifth, a leaderboard “webApp” gave feedback on smokers’ participation compared to others engaged in the challenge, allowing for competition. We used usability testing to further refine the elements. Meaningful gamification was successful in engaging unmotivated smokers
Eliminating Boundaries in Cloud Storage with

In this paper, we describe how we extended a distributed key-value store called Anna into an elastic, multi-tier service for the cloud. In its extended form, Anna is designed to overcome the narrow cost-performance limitations typical of current cloud storage systems. We describe three key aspects of Anna’s new design: multi-master selective replication of hot keys, a vertical tiering of storage layers with different cost-performance tradeoffs, and horizontal elasticity of each tier to add and remove nodes in response to load dynamics. Anna’s policy engine uses these mechanisms to balance service-level objectives around cost, latency and fault tolerance. Experimental results explore the behavior of Anna’s mechanisms and policy, exhibiting orders of magnitude efficiency improvements over both commodity cloud KVS services and research systems.
Efficient hybrid methods for portfolio credit derivatives

In this paper we discuss the computation of basket credit default swaps and collateralized debt obligation squared transactions. We suggest two hybrid algorithms for these two portfolio credit derivatives. The method combines the analytic approximation to the loss distribution of conditionally independent heterogeneous portfolios with the Monte Carlo simulation. The efficiency and accuracy of the algorithms are illustrated with examples.
On connections between hypergraphs and algebras

The aim of the present paper is to translate some algebraic concepts to hypergraphs. Thus we obtain a new language, very useful in the investigation of subalgebra lattices of partial, and also total, algebras. In this paper we solve three such problems on subalgebra lattices, other will be solved in [[Pio4]]. First, we show that for two arbitrary partial algebras, if their directed hypergraphs are isomorphic, then their weak, relative and strong subalgebra lattices are isomorphic. Secondly, we prove that two partial algebras have isomorphic weak subalgebra lattices iff their hypergraphs are isomorphic. Thirdly, for an arbitrary lattice $\mathbf {L}$ and a partial algebra $\mathbf {A}$ we describe (necessary and sufficient conditions) when the weak subalgebra lattice of $\mathbf {A}$ is isomorphic to $\mathbf {L}$.
Gauge Invariant Linear Response Theories for Ultracold Fermi Gases with Pseudogap

Recent experimental progresses allow for exploring some important physical quantities of ultracold Fermi gases, such as the compressibility, spin susceptibility, viscosity, optical conductivity and spin diffusivity. Theoretically, these quantities can be evaluated from suitable linear response theories. For BCS superfluid, it has been found that the gauge invariant linear response theories can be fully consistent with some stringent consistency constraints. When the theory is generalized to stronger-than-BCS regime, one may meet serious difficulties to satisfy the gauge invariance conditions. In this paper, we try to construct density and spin linear response theories which are formally gauge invariant for a Fermi gas undergoing BCS-Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) crossover, especially below the superfluid transition temperature $T_c$. We adapt a particular $t$-matrix approach which is close to the $G_0G$ formalism to incorporate non-condensed pairing in the normal state. We explicitly show that the fundamental constraints imposed by the Ward identities, $Q$-limit Ward identity are indeed satisfied.
The Effects of the 2008 Health Reform on Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures in Turkey

The Turkish health care system has been subject to significant and critical changes and reforms since 2003. One of the most important reforms has been implemented in 2008 where the Green Card holders are entitled to the same services, without any fee, as those with public health insurance, such as the Emekli Sandığı, BAĞKUR, SSK. This study initially examines the characteristics of health insurance schemes, determinants of holding one of the health insurance schemes (public, private, green card, no-insurance) in Turkey. It further analyses the effect of 2008 reform on out of pocket expenditures (OOPEs). The study will be the first in the related literature analysing the effect of this reform especially on the OOPEs of green card holders. The analysis relies on a detailed micro-data level survey, TUİK Household Budget Survey, over the period 2002-2011 and employs a difference-in-difference approach using a pseudo-panel based on propensity score matching. Initial results show that individuals who have public insurance are less inclined to face out-of-pocket health expenditures compared to those without health insurance and the Green Card holders. However, the difference of the OOPEs between the public health insurees and green card holders is reduced after the implementation of the 2008 reform.
Chapter 14 Preliminaries to the investigation of clitic sequencing in Greek and Indo-Iranian

Beginning with Wackernagel (1892), scholars have dedicated a great deal of attention to the question of the placement of enclitic elements within their clause, particularly those which (tend to) appear in so-called “Second Position”. Anderson (2005) summarizes the honorand’s long-standing interest in and contribution to the critical “interface” issues which arise for linguistic theory from these elements. As has been well known, again since at least the time of Wackernagel’s writings on the matter, several archaic Indo-European languages enjoy particularly rich inventories of relevant elements. Greek, in particular, has a set of toneless (“enclitic”) and tonic (“postpositive”) so-called “second position” lexemes. Since only one entity can technically occupy “second position” in any given string, an obvious empirical issue arises regarding clauses which contains multiple “second position” elements. This matter has received significantly less careful attention than has ”second position clisis” generally in the past 125 years. In this paper I present a detailed analysis of what happens when multiple elements seem to have a demand on “second position” in the Attic Greek clause (focussing on the Plato and Euripides corpora), and demonstrate that in developing an account for why the ordering is the observed one, a richer understanding of the actual mechanisms behind our (ultimately epiphenomenal) Wackernagel’s Law can be developed.
Subdiffraction-limited quantum imaging within a living cell

We report both sub-diffraction-limited quantum metrology and quantum enhanced spatial resolution for the first time in a biological context. Nanoparticles are tracked with quantum correlated light as they diffuse through an extended region of a living cell in a quantum enhanced photonic force microscope. This allows spatial structure within the cell to be mapped at length scales down to 10 nm. Control experiments in water show a 14% resolution enhancement compared to experiments with coherent light. Our results confirm the longstanding prediction that quantum correlated light can enhance spatial resolution at the nanoscale and in biology. Combined with state-of-the-art quantum light sources, this technique provides a path towards an order of magnitude improvement in resolution over similar classical imaging techniques.
How three narratives of modernity justify economic inequality

The acceptance of income differences varies across countries. This article suggests belief in three narratives of modernity to account for this: the “tunnel effect,” related to perceptions of generational mobility; the “procedural justice effect,” related to the perceived fairness in the process of getting ahead; and the “middle-class effect,” related to perceptions of the social structure of society. The importance of the suggested narratives is tested by means of the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) 2009 module, which includes 38 countries. The finding is that belief in the three narratives can account for a considerable part of the cross-national variation. Beliefs in procedural justice and the existence of a middle-class society clearly go together with high acceptance of current income differences, while the “tunnel effect” is more complex. In general, belief in generational mobility goes together with acceptance of current income differences. But personal experience of such upward social mobility actually lowers acceptance of current income differences, especially if overall generational mobility in society is believed to be backward. The framework explains most country-cases, which points to the existence of general patterns. But the models also indicate that the Philippines, and to a lesser extent the US and France, are special cases.
Amino acid substitution D 222 N from fatal in fl uenza infection affects receptor-binding properties of the in fl uenza A ( H 1 N 1 ) pdm 09 virus

We have analyzed the receptor binding profile of A(H1N1)pdm09 recombinant influenza viruses containing the amino acid substitution D222N which has been associated with a fatal case of infection. This mutation was investigated in conjunction with a secondary mutation, S185N. Using human tracheobronchial epithelial cells (HTBE), we found that single mutation D222N affects the binding and replication of the virus during initial stages of infection, with limited but preferred tropism to nonciliated cells expressing α2,6-SA. However, in conjunction with the S185N change, the (D222N, S185N) virus shows a remarkable increase in binding and replication efficiency, with tropism for both ciliated and non-ciliated cells. Glycan microarray analysis demonstrated correlation between the binding profile and the cell tropism observed in the HTBE cells. These findings suggest that viruses with D222N required compensatory mutations such as S185N to maintain viral fitness, and in combination, affect the pathogenicity of the virus and the clinical outcome. & 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Investigating the Relationships between Scholars and Politicians in Ancient China: Taking the Yuanyou Era as an Example

The Song Dynasty was a decisive period of transformation in ancient China, during which relationships between scholars and politicians are thought to have become closer and closer, and this change is considered part of the “Tang–Song transition. ” In the Song Dynasty, the Yuanyou 元祐 era (1086–94) was a critical and complex period with regard to its political environment. The major purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between scholars and politicians during this period. The connections between figures collected from the CBDB (China Biographical Database) include both literary relations and political relations. Two scholars have a literary relation when both of them write to a common third figure, and a political relation between two politicians is demonstrated through such connections as political support associations, recommendation sponsorship, and oppositional political affiliations. In the present study, two matrices are respectively constructed according to literary and political relations among figures and a Poisson-Gamma factorization model is adopted to obtain the key factors of the matrices. According to calculated results and literary history, the scholars can be clearly classified into three groups. We identified two groups of the politicians with this method, while we found other politicians to have steered a course between them. Furthermore, the figures engaged in common literary pursuits are more likely to share common political goals. As a result, the observation that scholars and politicians are related closely in the Yuanyou era confirms that this period must have featured literati politics.
A 21 CENTIMETER ABSORBER IDENTIFIED WITH A SPIRAL GALAXY: HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE 1 FAINT OBJECT SPECTROGRAPH AND WIDE-FIELD CAMERA OBSERVATIONS OF 3CR

We present imaging and spectroscopy of the quasar 3CR 196 (z e = 0.871), which has 21 cm and optical absorption at z,, = 0.437. We observed the region of Lyct absorption in 3CR 196 at z,, = 0.437 with the Faint Object Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope. This region of the spectrum is complicated because of the presence of a Lyman limit and strong lines from a z,, _ z e system. We conclude that there is Lyct absorption with an H I column density greater than 2.7 x 1019 cm 2 and most probably 1.5 × 1020 cm 2. Based on the existence of the high H i column density along both the optical and radio lines of sight, separated by more than 15 kpc, we conclude that the Ly_ absorption must arise in a system comparable in size to the gaseous disks of spiral gal- axies. A barred spiral galaxy, previously reported as a diffuse object in the recent work of Boiss6 & Boulade, can be seen near the quasar in an image taken at 0':1 resolution with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 on the HST. If this galaxy is at the absorption redshift, the luminosity is approximately L. , and any H I disk should extend in front of the optical quasar and radio lobes of 3CR 196, giving rise to both the Lyct and 21 cm absorption. In the z a . _ z e system we detect Lyman lines and the Lyman limit, as well as high ion absorption lines of C In, N v, S vl, and O vl. This absorption probably only partially covers the emission-line region. The ionization parameter is approximately 0.1. Conditions in this region may be similar to those in broad absorption line QSOs.