Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
State Transition Testing Approach for Ad hoc Networks using Ant Colony Optimization

Nowadays, telecommunication software organizations are challenged to provide high-quality software to customers within their estimated time and budget in order to stay competitive within the market. Because quality is a defining aspect of the product, it is essential for a project manager to stay alert throughout the project lifecycle. Quality has a direct bearing on customer satisfaction, and if a company produces high-quality products, satisfied customers will rank it highly in customer satisfaction surveys. Additionally, dissatisfied customers are more vocal in their criticisms. Therefore, testing is an important step to produce more reliable systems. In this paper we address two important aspects of software testing for ad hoc network protocols. The first one is by integrating a high-level testing approach based on state transition on top of a network simulator in order to fill a perceived gap in existing network simulators. The second one is reducing testing effort by eliminating redundant test cases, in order to effectively improve the result accuracy of existing network simulators. In this paper, we implemented an automated state transition testing approach for wireless network routing protocols, using an improved Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm. The expected result is to provide maximum coverage in terms of states and transitions.
NEW ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF 36ArH+ AND 38ArH+ RO-VIBRATIONAL TRANSITIONS BY HIGH RESOLUTION IR ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY

The protonated argon ion, 36ArH+, was recently identified in the Crab Nebula from Herschel spectra. Given the atmospheric opacity at the frequency of its J = 1–0 and J = 2–1 rotational transitions (617.5 and 1234.6 GHz, respectively), and the current lack of appropriate space observatories after the recent end of the Herschel mission, future studies on this molecule will rely on mid-infrared observations. We report on accurate wavenumber measurements of 36ArH+ and 38ArH+ rotation-vibration transitions in the v = 1–0 band in the range 4.1–3.7 μm (2450–2715 cm−1). The wavenumbers of the R(0) transitions of the v = 1–0 band are 2612.50135 ± 0.00033 and 2610.70177 ± 0.00042 cm−1 (±3σ) for 36ArH+ and 38ArH+, respectively. The calculated opacity for a gas thermalized at a temperature of 100 K and with a linewidth of 1 km s−1 of the R(0) line is 1.6 × 10−15 × N(36ArH+). For column densities of 36ArH+ larger than 1 × 1013 cm−2, significant absorption by the R(0) line can be expected against bright mid-IR sources.
The preferred system gamma is primarily determined by the ratio of dynamic range of the original scene and the displayed image

The dynamic range of real world scenes may vary from around 102 to greater than 107 , whilst the dynamic range of monitors may vary from 102 to 105 . In this paper, we investigate the impact of the dynamic range ratio (DRratio) between the captured scene and the displayed image, upon the value of system gamma preferred by subjects (a simple global power law transformation applied to the image). To do so, we present an image dataset with a broad distribution of dynamic ranges upon various subranges of a SIM2 monitor. The full dynamic range of the monitor is 105 and we present images using either the full range, 75% or 50% of this, while maintaining a fixed mid-luminance level. We find that the preferred system gamma is inversely correlated with the DRratio and importantly, is one (linear) when the DRratio is one. This strongly suggests that the visual system is optimized for processing images only when the dynamic range is presented correctly. The DRratio is not the only factor. By using 50% of the monitor dynamic range and using either the lower, middle or upper portion of the monitor, we show that increasing the overall luminance level also increases the preferred system gamma, although to a lesser extent than the DR ratio.
Comparing Pupil Light Response Modulation between Saccade Planning and Working Memory

The signature of spatial attention effects has been demonstrated through saccade planning and working memory. Although saccade planning and working memory have been commonly linked to attention, the comparison of effects resulting from saccade planning and working memory is less explored. It has recently been shown that spatial attention interacts with local luminance at the attended location. When bright and dark patch stimuli are presented simultaneously in the periphery, thereby producing no change in global luminance, pupil size is nonetheless smaller when the locus of attention overlaps with the bright, compared to the dark patch stimulus (referred to as the local luminance modulation). Here, we used the local luminance modulation to directly compare the effects of saccade planning and spatial working memory. Participants were required to make a saccade towards a visual target location (visual-delay) or a remembered target location (memory-delay) after a variable delay, and the bright and dark patch stimuli were presented during the delay period between target onset and go signal. Greater pupil constriction was observed when the bright patch, compared to the dark patch, was spatially aligned with the target location in both tasks. However, the effects were diminished when there was no contingency implemented between the patch and target locations, particularly in the memory-delay task. Together, our results suggest the involvement of similar, but not identical, attentional mechanisms through saccade planning and working memory, and highlight a promising potential of local pupil luminance responses for probing visuospatial processing.
Blockchain-based Sybil Attack Mitigation : A Case Study of the I 2 P Network

T he disadvantage of fully peer-to-peer systems is their vulnerability to Sybil attacks. In a Sybil attack a single adversary manages to influence the whole system through multiple identities. I2P is a peer-to-peer anonymous communication network that has implemented certain measures to reduce the effectiveness of Sybil attacks on the network. Previous research has provided suggestions for improving I2P’s security against such attacks, however, these suggestions do not have the desired impact. Our research provides an in-depth analysis of existing and proposed solutions for the mitigation of Sybil attacks on the I2P network. Our analysis demonstrates that the current state of I2P still leaves the network vulnerable to attacks. Furthermore, proposed solutions provided by earlier research do not succeed in fully removing the attack vectors. Our solution involves using Blockchain as a distributed, tamperproof medium to keep track of Floodfill routers in the network. We demonstrate that by incorporating Blockchain, the Sybil attack is made infeasible for an adversary. Based on the data collected in the chain, nodes in the network are able to individually determine the overall trustworthiness of a Floodfill router and can decide whether to interact with these routers.
How to obtain lattices from ( f , σ , δ )-codes via a generalization of Construction A

Weshowhowcyclic ( f, σ, δ)-codes over finite rings canonically induce aZlattice in RN by using certain quotients of orders in nonassociative division algebras defined using the skew polynomial f . This construction generalizes the one using certain σ -constacyclic codes by Ducoat and Oggier, which used quotients of orders in non-commutative associative division algebras defined by f , and can be viewed as a generalization of the classical Construction A for lattices from linear codes. It has the potential to be applied to coset coding, in particular to wire-tap coding. Previous results by Ducoat and Oggier are obtained as special cases.
Interactions between Vegetation, Hydrology, and Litter Inputs on Decomposition and Soil CO2 Efflux of Tropical Forests in the Brazilian Pantanal

Climate change has the capacity to alter water availability and the litter production of tropical forests, which will alter rates of carbon (C) cycling and storage. We conducted a short-term field experiment in two hydrologically diverse forests in the Brazilian Pantanal to assess the initial response of litter decomposition and soil respiration (Rsoil) to variations in litter pool size. Total annual Rsoil and decomposition significantly declined with litter removal and increased with litter addition, but the rate of litter decomposition was highest for plots where litter was removed. Rsoil was positively related to soil organic matter content and the rate of litter decomposition, but not soil moisture or temperature, suggesting that the litter treatment effects on decomposition and Rsoil were due to changes in C availability and not litter effects on the soil environment (i.e., temperature and moisture). Rsoil was not significantly different between the forests studied here even though they had large differences in hydrology; however, litter decomposition was significantly higher in seasonally flooded forest, especially when augmented with litter. These results suggest that alterations in litter production from land use and/or climate change will alter short-term rates of decomposition and Rsoil for these and other floodplain forests of the Pantanal and Amazon Basin.
Identification of a putative polyketide synthase gene involved in usnic acid biosynthesis in the lichen Nephromopsis pallescens

Usnic acid is a unique polyketide produced by lichens. To characterize usnic acid biosynthesis, the transcriptome of the usnic-acid-producing lichen-forming fungus Nephromopsis pallescens was sequenced using Illumina NextSeq technology. Seven complete non-reducing polyketide synthase genes and nine highly-reducing polyketide synthase genes were obtained through transcriptome analysis. Gene expression results obtained by qPCR and usnic acid detection with LCMS-IT-TOF showed that Nppks7 is probably involved in usnic acid biosynthesis in N. pallescens. Nppks7 is a non-reducing polyketide synthase with a MeT domain that also possesses beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase, acyl transferase, product template, acyl carrier protein, C-methyltransferase, and Claisen cyclase domains. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Nppks7and other polyketide synthases from lichens form a unique monophyletic clade. Taken together, our data indicate that Nppks7 is a novel PKS in N. pallescens that is likely involved in usnic acid biosynthesis.
Proof of Concept for MBT ASTRA, a Rapid Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-Based Method To Detect Caspofungin Resistance in Candida albicans and Candida glabrata

The incidence of candidemia caused by Candida albicans and Candida glabrata is constantly increasing and is accompanied by the rising use of the few available antifungals. The widespread use of echinocandins and azoles for the treatment of invasive candidemia has enhanced the development of antifungal resistance, resulting in an increasing health care problem. ABSTRACT The incidence of candidemia caused by Candida albicans and Candida glabrata is constantly increasing and is accompanied by the rising use of the few available antifungals. The widespread use of echinocandins and azoles for the treatment of invasive candidemia has enhanced the development of antifungal resistance, resulting in an increasing health care problem. Hence, the rapid detection of resistant strains is required. This study aimed to evaluate the detection of C. albicans and C. glabrata strains resistant to caspofungin by the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization Biotyper antibiotic susceptibility test rapid assay (MBT ASTRA). This novel semiquantitative technique facilitates the detection of caspofungin-resistant strains within 6 h. MBT ASTRA results were compared to the data obtained by the use of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Clinical isolates of C. albicans (n = 58) and C. glabrata (n = 57) were analyzed by MBT ASTRA and the CLSI microdilution method. Antifungal susceptibility testing against caspofungin by the CLSI microdilution method classified the C. albicans isolates into 36 susceptible and 22 resistant strains and the C. glabrata isolates into 5 susceptible, 33 resistant, and 19 intermediate strains. For C. albicans, the comparison of MBT ASTRA and the CLSI method revealed an excellent categorical agreement of 100%. A sensitivity and a specificity between MBT ASTRA and the CLSI microdilution method of 94% and 80%, respectively, were detected for C. glabrata strains, based on categorical agreement. In conclusion, the results obtained by MBT ASTRA indicate that this is a very promising approach for the rapid detection of Candida isolates resistant to caspofungin.
A totally implantable venous access port associated with bloodstream infection caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum

Rationale: Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are well-known causative agents of human infections, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. However, Mycobacterium fortuitum, a predominant organism, in catheter-associated infections, has rarely been documented in totally implantable venous access port (TVIAP)-associated bloodstream infections. Patient concerns: A 25-year-old woman with breast cancer presented to hospital with repeated fever for several days. The patient first refused to remove the TVIAP in her body, and had a relapse of M. fortuitum bacteraemia four months later. Diagnoses: Bacteria isolated from patient's blood and TVIAP were identified as M. fortuitum by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight spectrometry and bacterial 16s rDNA sequencing. The patient was diagnosed as a TVIAP-associated bloodstream infection. Interventions: The TVIAP was eventually surgically removed, and M. fortuitum was found to have localized on the tip of the catheter. The patient was treated by anti-infection therapy. Outcomes: The patient was treated with 4 weeks of intravenous amikacin and levofloxacin followed by 4 weeks of oral levofloxacin. No episodes of fever occurred during the follow-up to date. Lessons: RGM infections remain a challenging issue for TIVAPs. Accurate species identification, timely intravascular catheter removal and appropriate antibiotic therapy are recommended to ensure successful outcomes.
Secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA enhances the metabolic rate and increases glucose utilization in response to thyroid hormone

Secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA (PLA2G2A) is a phospholipase which has a role in inflammation, atherogenesis, and host defense. Previously, we found that PLA2G2A protects mice on high‐fat diets from weight gain and insulin resistance. Here, we examined the regulation of PLA2G2A and the metabolic changes that occur in response to variations in thyroid status. In particular, the impact of PLA2G2A on the brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic gene expression was explored. We induced hypothyroidism in C57BL/6 and PLA2G2A‐overexpressing (IIA+) mice over a 10 wk period or treated them with thyroid hormone (T3) for 5 wk. There were no significant changes in PLA2G2A abundance in response to thyroid status. The energy expenditure of hypothyroid IIA+ mice did not increase; however, the energy expenditure, substrate utilization, insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance were all elevated in the IIA+ mice given T3. Moreover, white adipocytes from IIA+ mice were much more prone to “beiging,” including increased expression of brown adipose thermogenic markers such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), PR domain containing 16, and early B cell factor 2. Finally, the BAT of IIA+ mice had increased UCP1 and other proteins indicative of mitochondrial uncoupling and nonshivering adaptive thermogenesis. These data reveal a novel role for PLA2G2A on adipose tissue thermogenesis depending on thyroid status. —Kuefner, M. S. , Deng, X. , Stephenson, E. J., Pham, K. , Park, E. A. Secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA enhances the metabolic rate and increases glucose utilization in response to thyroid hormone. FASEB J. 33, 738–749 (2019). www.fasebj. org
Depletion and repletion of fruit and vegetable intake alters serum bone turnover markers: a 28-week single-arm experimental feeding intervention

Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the effects of elevated fruit and vegetable intake on bone turnover markers. In all, twenty-nine subjects (nine male and twenty female, with a mean age of 32·1 (sem 2·5) years) participated in a 28-week single-arm experimental feeding intervention trial and consumed a prescribed low-fruit and vegetable diet for 6 weeks (depletion-1), a provided high-fruit and vegetable diet for 8 weeks (fruit: 360–560 g; vegetables: 450–705 g), another prescribed low-fruit and vegetable diet for 6 weeks (depletion-2) and then their usual diets for 8 weeks (repletion). Serum bone-related biomarkers were analysed with commercial ELISA kits. Plasma carotenoid levels decreased as a result of the depletion phase and increased with the high-fruit and vegetable diet. Compared with the baseline, depletion-1 resulted in higher serum bone resorption marker C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) and lower bone formation marker alkaline phosphatase (BAP) (CTX, 0·68 (sem 0·05) v. 0·97 (sem 0·08) ng/ml and BAP, 10·7 (sem 0·7) v. 9·5 (sem 0·8) µg/l for the baseline and the depletion-1, respectively, P<0·05). High intake of fruit and vegetables decreased serum CTX (P<0·05) to 0·60 (sem 0·04) ng/ml and increased serum BAP to 11·3 (sem 0·7) µg/l (P<0·05), compared with the depletion-1 phase. Serum concentrations of CTX were inversely correlated and those of BAP were positively correlated with blood lycopene. These data show that increased fruit and vegetable consumption at or above federal dietary guidance may be beneficial to bone health.
Targeting minimal residual disease after surgery with molecular targeted therapy: the real path to a cure?

Stage II–IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) affects a highly heterogeneous group of patients with differences in the extent and localization of the disease, and the definition of stage II–IIIA disease has changed over time. The 5-year survival for completely resected stage II–IIIA NSCLC patients is poor (36–60%) (1). Indeed, at least one-third of patients show recurrences after surgery.
Combining Electrodeposition and Optical Microscopy for Probing Size-Dependent Single-Nanoparticle Electrochemistry.

Electrodeposition of nanoparticles (NPs) is a promising route for the preparation of highly electroactive nanostructured electrodes. By taking advantage of progressive electrodeposition, disordered arrays with a wide size distribution of Ag NPs are produced. Combined with surface-reaction monitoring by using highly sensitive backside absorbing-layer optical microscopy (BALM), such arrays offer a platform for screening size-dependent electrochemistry at the single NP level. In particular, this strategy allows rationalizing the electrodeposition dynamics at the single-NP level (>10 nm), up to the point of quantifying the presence of metal nanoclusters (<2 nm), and probing easier NP oxidation with size decrease, either through electrochemical or galvanic reactions.
Five-week yin yoga-based interventions decreased plasma adrenomedullin and increased psychological health in stressed adults: A randomized controlled trial

Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs, e.g. cardiovascular disease) are responsible for high rates of morbidity and the majority of premature deaths worldwide. It is necessary to develop preventative interventions that can reduce the associated risk factors of NCDs. Researchers have found that the biomarker adrenomedullin (ADM) becomes elevated years before the onset of NCDs and might play an important role in their development. ADM has also been linked to psychological problems such as stress, anxiety, and depression, which are known risk factors of NCDs. In this randomized controlled trial, we examined whether participating in a five-week yoga intervention reduces ADM and increases psychological health in middle-aged adults who self-report as moderately to highly stressed, but who otherwise exhibit no physical complaints. Methods One hundred and five adults (78% women; mean age = 53.5, SD = 6.7) were randomly assigned to (1) a five-week Yin yoga intervention, (2) a five-week intervention combining Yin yoga with psychoeducation and mindfulness practice (called the YOMI program), or (3) a control group who did not practice yoga or mindfulness for five weeks. Results Compared to the control group, we observed significantly greater pre-post reductions in plasma ADM levels (p < .001), anxiety (p ≤ .002), and sleep problems (p ≤ .003) in both intervention groups. Furthermore, the YOMI group exclusively showed significantly greater pre-post reductions in stress (p = .012) and depression (p = .021) compared to the control group. Significant correlations (p < .05) were found between pre-post reductions in ADM and anxiety symptoms (p = .02) and depression (p = .04) in the entire sample. Conclusion The five-week Yin yoga-based interventions appeared to reduce both the physiological and psychological risk factors known to be associated with NCDs. The study suggests that incorporating Yin yoga could be an easy and low-cost method of limiting the negative health effects associated with high stress. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03428542
Can the Trauma Symptom Inventory-2 distinguish coached simulators from dissociative disorder patients?

OBJECTIVE The first objective was to understand how individuals with complex dissociative disorders (CDD) score on the Trauma Symptom Inventory-2 (TSI-2). These individuals have high elevations on many psychological measures' validity and clinical scales because of the severe traumatic reactions they experience; thus, creating a challenge for clinicians who seek to determine whether these individuals are exaggerating reported symptoms. The second objective was to compare coached CDD simulators to CDD profiles on the TSI-2s clinical and validity scales. The third objective was to examine the utility rates of the TSI-2s Atypical Response Scale (ATR) in distinguishing feigned CDD from clinical CDD. METHOD This study compared 39 CDD inpatients to 51 coached CDD simulators on the TSI-2. A profile analysis compared the CDD group and coached simulators on the TSI-2 scales, and post hoc 1-way analysis of covariances (ANCOVAS) examined significant differences between the groups. RESULTS The CDD patients elevated on most of the TSI-2 clinical scales and factors. There were significant differences between CDD patients' and CDD simulators' TSI-2 profiles, with simulators failing to endorse some of the co-occurring symptoms common in CDD. The ATR correctly classified only 60-73% of participants and its specificity scores were low. CONCLUSIONS It is important to understand how CDD individuals score on the TSI-2 so that their results can be recognized and meaningfully interpreted. The TSI-2 may not be a useful measure for distinguishing feigned CDD from CDD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Two faces of employee inactivity: Procrastination and recovery

Abstract The present study aims to investigate whether the two kinds of employee inactivity, namely procrastination and recovery at work can be empirically distinguished. Online survey data collected from 116 Dutch white-collar employees were analyzed in terms of (a) the factorial distinction of recovery and procrastination (internal validity evidence) and (b) their association with performance and work engagement (external validity evidence). The results of confirmatory factory analysis revealed the best fit for the model in which recovery and subdimensions of procrastination (soldiering and cyberslacking) loading to separate latent constructs. Moreover, recovery was positively related to work engagement and performance, whereas, procrastination did not show any significant relationship to these two concepts. In sum, findings of this study suggest that employee non-work related activity during work hours can be differentiated empirically. These results enhance the workplace procrastination literature by providing further validation evidence.