Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enzyme activities in hill land soils of the Appalachian region

Abstract The top two horizons of 14 major hill land soils of the Appalachian Region were evaluated for activities of add phospha‐tase (AP), pyrophosphatase (PP1), arylsuifatase (AS) and urease (UR) enzymes. A relationship between enzyme activities and soil properties was examined. Surface horizons contained higher enzyme activities than the subsurface horizons. Overall, enzyme activities were positively correlated with soil moisture content, percent water‐filled porosity, C, N, K, Mn and CEC. Activities of AP and PP1 were negatively correlated with soil pH. The AP and UR activities were positively related to various forms of P. Enzyme activities were positively related to total and organic S. Pot trial was performed 1n green house conditions to evaluate the relationship between enzyme activities and snapbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) growth and N, P, and S uptake. With a few exceptions, activities of AP, AS and UR were positively related to snapbean shoot wt. and shoot content of N, P, and S. The PP1 activi.
Synthesis and characterization of new hydrogels on the basis of water‐soluble maleic anhydride copolymers with γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane

This work describes the synthesis and macromolecular reactions of maleic anhydride (MA)–acrylic acid (AA) binary reactive copolymers with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) as a polyfunctional crosslinker. Copolymers with a given composition of MA–AA (47.17–52.83 wt %) were synthesized by radical binary copolymerization with benzoyl peroxide as an initiator in p-dioxane at 70°C in nitrogen atmosphere and initial monomer ratio of 1 : 1. It is shown that the network structure is formed in MA–AA/APTS in water by intermolecular reaction between the anhydride unit and the amine group, as well as between the etoxysilyl fragment and free carboxyl groups of the acrylic acid and maleic anhydride unit. Swelling parameters such as beginning time of hydrogel formation, initial rate of swelling, swelling rate constant, equilibrium swelling, and equilibrium water content were determined for copolymer/APTS/water systems with various copolymer/crosslinker ratios. Formation of a hyperbranched network structure through the fragmentation of side-chain reactive groups in the studied systems was confirmed by FTIR, TGA, and DSC methods. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 4009–4015, 2003
Using Failing Test Cases to Semi-automate Feedback for Beginner Programmers

Niñas Pro, which runs C++ workshops for beginner programmers, uses automated feedback tools to give students quick feedback about their code in class. However, many students do not complete exercises with the tools used currently, as they do not know how to fix their code after getting a 'wrong answer' message. In the literature, binary feedback like this has been shown to have negative effects on student engagement, and tutors end up repeating the same feedback to many students for the same exercise. In this work, we have built a tool that groups incorrect solutions by the output they produce, to help tutors identify common programming and logic errors in student code during class. Tutors annotate incorrect outputs with suggestions, which will then be shown to students whenever their code produces the same wrong output. We carried out an exploratory case study to validate our approach, where students were able to fix both logical and presentation errors using the suggestions provided by our tool. Not all errors can be annotated, these must still be reviewed in person by a tutor. We also carried out a usability study where tutors successfully annotated solution groups. As such, the main contribution of this work is a tool that supports the work that tutors do during programming classes, letting them give richer feedback in a more scalable manner.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[（1H-1,2,4-Triazol-1- yl）methyl]-4-（2,3-dimethoxybenzylideneamino）-2- 2H-1,2,4-triazole-3（4H）-thione Monohydrate

The title compound 5-[(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]-4-(2,3-dimethoxy-benzyli- deneamino)- 2H-1,2,4-triazole-3(4H)-thione monohydrate 4 has been synthesized by the treatment of 4-amino-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione 3 with 2,3-dimethoxybenzaldehyde. It crystallizes as a monohydrate in the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 8.147(2), b = 10.820(2), c = 10.835(2) ? , α = 73.770(6), β = 84.916(7), γ = 70.679(6)o, C14H17N7O3S, Mr = 363.41, V = 865.4(2) ? 3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.395 g/cm3, F(000) = 380, μ = 0.217 mm–1, the final R = 0.0400 and wR = 0.0975 for 3454 unique reflections. The dihedral angles made by the thione-substituted triazole ring with the other triazole ring and benzene ring are 74.92(3) and 14.81(2)o, respectively. There are some weak hydrogen bonds and C–H? π supramolecular interactions in the lattice, forming a three-dimensional network, which stabilizes the crystal structure.
Near-Infrared Spectral Analysis of Gas Mixtures

The analysis by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) of a series of gas mixtures approximating natural gases is reported. Wide variations of gas pressure and temperature are used in accord with conditions found in various utilitarian gas flow streams. The NIR analysis of CH4 and CO2 composition is found to be straightforward and depends only on compound mass density, but not explicitly on temperature, pressure, or composition. Linearity of the spectra of more complex mixtures is maintained, but the NIR analysis is more complex. Principal component analysis is shown to resolve composition for those gas mixtures.
Isolation and Characterization of a New Bacterial strain from Petroleum Oil Contaminated Soil, India

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have different natural and anthropogenic sources and are widespread in the environment. They have deleterious effect on us. Because of structural complexity and hydrophobicity most of their members are chemically inert, so they are difficult to transform by any chemical reaction or to remove from the environment either by natural process of volatilization, photo oxidation or any other method. As a result they remain suspended in the environment and cause pollution. Our study finds a new bacterium isolated from a petroleum contaminated soil near a major oil refinery plant in India that can degrade different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons effectively. The 16S rDNA analysis shows that the bacterial strain has 99% sequence similarity with Bacillus thuringiensis strain IAM 12077 and Bacillus weihenstephanensis strain DSM11821 but some of the biochemical parameters are not matching with them. Therefore, this strain will be designated as Bacillus thuringiensis strain NA2 and have the polyaromatic hydrocarbon degrading capability.
Size Characterization of Asbestos Fibers by Means of Electrostatic Alignment and Light-Scattering Techniques

Crocidolite asbestos fibers suspended in light mineral oil were aligned by means of an electrostatic field of 1500 V / cm. The maximum fiber concentration was ∼8 μg / mL. The light scattered by the suspended fibers, with the incident laser beam normal to the fiber axis, was recorded by two probes: one rotating about the fiber axis and another rotating about the incident beam near the forward direction, i.e., 17.5° from the incident beam. The Rayleigh-Debye-Gans theory was utilized in order to determine the modal diameter and modal aspect ratio of assumed logarithmic normal distribution functions in both the fiber diameter and the fiber aspect ratio. Multiple scattering effects were assumed to be negligible.
Removal of an azo dye (Orange G) from aqueous solution using modified sawdust

In the present study, modified sawdust was used for the removal of an azo dye (Orange G (OG)) from aqueous solutions. The study was carried out in batch mode. Effects of various important parameters such as pH, concentration, temperature, dose and agitation speed on the removal of the dye were investigated for optimization of the process. It was observed that the maximum removal of 78.3% was achieved at the lowest dye concentration of 50 mg/L. The process of removal was found to be exothermic in nature. Adsorption of OG on modified sawdust was rapid and in accordance with pseudo-first-order kinetics. Mass transfer coefficient ( β L ) was also estimated and found to be 0.33 cm/sec at 30 °C, which indicates that sorption of dye was driven by a film diffusion mechanism. The Langmuir isotherm model agrees well with the sorption isotherm data and also confirms that adsorption took place on the homogenous surface of modified sawdust. The Langmuir capacity was determined and found to be 5.48 mg/g. Therefore, the study recommends that modified sawdust is a promising candidate for the efficient removal of dye-contaminated wastewater.
Composition of the essential oil of Egyptian Cupressus sempervirens L. cones

The essential oil of Cupressus sempervirens L. cones, prepared by steam distillation, was analysed by GC and GC-MS. Forty-nine compounds were identified, accounting for 98.8% of the oil. Its antimicrobial activity was tested against Staphylococeus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.
Household Odors Associated With the Use of Chlorine Dioxide

These odors were described by terms such as «kerosenelike», «cat-urine-like», and «strong chlorinous» The principal conclusions derived from the study are that the strong chlorinous odors are caused by ClO 2 itself, whereas the kerosenelike and cat-urine-like odors are products of gas-phase reactions between ClO 2 liberated from the water and organic substances in the air inside the customer's residence
Comparative Study of Photoluminescence Dynamics of Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) Aluminum-Based Organic Multilayer Structures with Different Types of Energy Lineups

Photoluminescence (PL) dynamics of aluminumquinoline (Alq3; tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum)-based organic multilayer structures, i.e., Alq3/oxadiazole (t-BuPBD; (2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole), Alq3/cyclopentadiene (PPCP; 1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene), and Alq3/diamine (TPD; N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis-(3-methylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine), which possess different types of energy lineups (equivalent to types I and II of inorganic semiconductor multilayer structures) of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels, were investigated and compared. The fast energy transfer followed by strong PL in Alq3 was proved for Alq3/PBD which is of type-I energy lineup, while the tendency of separation of excitons, i.e., electrons and holes generated in the excited molecules, was demonstrated for Alq3/PPCP and Alq3/TPD which are of type II. These results indicate that the energy lineup with respect to HOMO and LUMO energy levels can be a guideline for luminescence dynamics in organic multilayer structures.
Martin's physical pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences : physical chemical and biopharmaceutical principles in the pharmaceutical sciences

1. Introduction Section 1: Basic Principles 2. States of Matter 3. Thermodynamics 4. Physical Properties of Drugs Section 2: Equilibria Phenomena 5. Solutions of Nonelectrolytes 6. Solutions of Electrolytes 7. Solubility and Distribution Phenomena 8. Complexation and Protein Binding Section 3: Kinetic Phenomena Mass Transport in Pharmaceutical Systems 9. Diffusion 10. Drug Release and Dissolution 11. Biopharmaceutical Aspects 12. Chemical Kinetics and Stability Section 4: Dispersed Systems 13. Interfacial Phenomena 14. Colloids 15. Coarse Dispersions Section 5: Drug Delivery 16. Micromeritics 17. Rheology 18. Biomaterials 19. Drug Delivery System
Currants and strawberries as bioactive compounds source: determination of antioxidant profile with HPLC-DAD/MS system

*summary Among plant foods, berry fruit shows a high antioxidant capacity. Medical research has pointed out the medicinal properties of certain pigmented polyphenols, such as flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins and other phytochemicals, which are mainly found in the skin and seeds of the berries. The aim of this work was to contribute to the study of the nutraceutical features of some berry fruit (currants, gooseberries and strawberries). The different antioxidant compound contents of the fresh fruit of different cultivars and selections of Ribes spp. and Fragaria x ananassa Duch have been analyzed. The fruit of 29 cultivars from 3 different species of Ribes spp. and 5 strawberry cultivars have been analysed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to a UV/Vis detector and a mass detector (MS) to identify and quantify the main antioxidant compounds. As far as the Ribes spp. cultivars are concerned, the presence of a high content of phenolic compounds has been confirmed, and they represent therefore an important source of antioxidant compounds. Moreover, the results have shown that the considered cultivars and selections of strawberries are good sources of bioactive compounds, especially phenolic substances. The results of this study could contribute to offer new insights into the nutraceutical aspects of the considered berry fruit species.
A Detailed Chemical Kinetic Reaction Mechanism for n-Alkane Hydrocarbons From n-Octane to n-Hexadecane

Detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanisms have been developed to describe the pyrolysis and oxidation of nine n-alkanes larger than n-heptane, including n-octane (n-C{sub 8}H{sub 18}), n-nonane (n-C{sub 9}H{sub 20}), n-decane (n-C{sub 10}H{sub 22}), n-undecane (n-C{sub 11}H{sub 24}), n-dodecane (n-C{sub 12}H{sub 26}), n-tridecane (n-C{sub 13}H{sub 28}), n-tetradecane (n-C{sub 14}H{sub 30}), n-pentadecane (n-C{sub 15}H{sub 32}), and n-hexadecane (n-C{sub 16}H{sub 34}). These mechanisms include both high temperature and low temperature reaction pathways. The mechanisms are based on our previous mechanisms for the primary reference fuels n-heptane and iso-octane, using the reaction class mechanism construction first developed for n-heptane. Individual reaction class rules are as simple as possible in order to focus on the parallelism between all of the n-alkane fuels included in the mechanisms, and these mechanisms will be refined further in the future to incorporate greater levels of accuracy and predictive capability. These mechanisms are validated through extensive comparisons between computed and experimental data from a wide variety of different sources. In addition, numerical experiments are carried out to examine features of n-alkane combustion in which the detailed mechanisms can be used to compare reactivities of different n-alkane fuels. The mechanisms for all of these n-alkanes are presented as a single detailedmore » mechanism, which can be edited to produce efficient mechanisms for any of the n-alkanes included, and the entire mechanism, with supporting thermochemical and transport data, together with an explanatory glossary explaining notations and structural details, will be available for download from our web page. « less
The Effect of Calcium Deficient Intake for Premenopausal Age Rat Model

The calcium deficient rat is condition of rat with calcium deficient in its body, one reason of this condition is intake with calcium deficient diet. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of calcium deficient diet in premenopausal age female rat model of strain Sprague dawley. Research methods consist of: formulation of purified diet and calcium deficient diet, preparation of calcium deficient rat model strain Sprague dawley of premenopausal age; parameters measured were: consumption of dry matter; consumption of calcium, calcium concentration in feces, liver, kidney, and bone; calcium absorption; serum calcium concentration; progesterone hormone concentration; and daily body weight gain. Treatment with calcium deficient diet for 12 weeks could reduce serum calcium concentration into 7.72±1.08 mg dL in calcium deficient rat and 11.60±0.85 mg dL in the control. Thus, rat model strain Sprague dawley of premenopausal age given calcium deficient diet could be calcium deficient rat based on the condition of serum calcium concentration. Serum progesterone hormone concentration in control rat and calcium deficient rat was not affected by treatment of diet, but it was affected by the age of rat, at the end of the study, the serum progesterone concentration of 15 month old rat was decreasing. -----------------------------------------------------------------------* Corresponding author. e-mail address: herminiati@yahoo.com
Study on the breakup lengths of free round liquid jets

An experi ment was conducted to measure the breakup lengths of water jets with a high-speed video camera for Weber numbers from0 to about 1.1×103.The initial jet diameters are changed from0.3 mmto 1. 0 mm.The results indicate that at lowjet velocity the breakup lengths of the jets are increased linearly from 0 to a maxi mumvalue.At the Weber number about 20 the breakup length of the jet reaches its maxi mum value for different initial jet diameter.Acomputation based onthe dispersion equationis conducted to study the relationship between the growth rate of the jet surface wave and the maxi mumbreakup length.The computations showthat the maxi mumgrowth rate for the axisymmetric surface wave has a turning point at Weber number about 20,and that agrees well with the experi ments.
Ab initio analytical potential energy surface and quasiclassical trajectory study of the O+(4S)+H2(X 1Σg+)→OH+(X 3Σ−)+H(2S) reaction and isotopic variants

An analytical potential energy surface (PES) representation of the O+(4S)+H2(X 1Σg+) system was developed by fitting around 600 CCSD(T)/cc-pVQZ ab initio points. Rate constant calculations for this reaction and its isotopic variants (D2 and HD) were performed using the quasiclassical trajectory (QCT) method, obtaining a good agreement with experimental data. Calculations conducted to determine the cross section of the title reaction, considering collision energies (ET) below 0.3 eV, also led to good accord with experiments. This PES appears to be suitable for kinetics and dynamics studies. Moreover, the QCT results show that, although the hypotheses of a widely used capture model are not satisfied, the resulting expression for the cross section can be applied within a suitable ET interval, due to errors cancellation. This could be a general situation regarding the application of this simple model to ion–molecule processes.
Novel selective sorbents for solid-phase extraction

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is an attractive approach towards preparation of many kind of samples prior to their chromatographic analysis and highly selective sorbents are required for this purpose. The objective of thisreview is to provide updated information about the most important features of the new SPE materials, their interaction mode and potential applications for the environmental, food and biological samples. New selective phases such as restricted access materials, immunosorbents and molecularly imprinted polymers are described. Selected examples illustrate the potential of these sorbents.
Development of ion conducting polymer gel electrolyte membranes based on polymer PVdF-HFP, BMIMTFSI ionic liquid and the Li-salt with improved electrical, thermal and structural properties

Ion conducting polymer gel electrolyte membranes based on polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) PVdF-HFP, ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide BMIMTFSI with and without the Li-salt (having the same anion i.e. the TFSI− anion) have been synthesized. Prepared membranes have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and complex impedance spectroscopic techniques. Incorporation of IL in the polymer PVdF-HFP/polymer electrolyte (i.e. PVdF-HFP + 20 wt% LiTFSI) changes different physicochemical properties such as melting temperature (Tm), glass transition temperature (Tg), thermal stability, degree of crystallinity (Xc), and ionic transport behaviour of these materials. The ionic conductivity of polymeric gel electrolyte membranes has been found to increase with increasing concentration of IL and attains a maximum value of 2 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 30 °C and ∼3 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 130 °C. A high total ionic transference number >0.99 and the cationic transference number (tLi+) ∼ 0.22 with a wider electrochemical window (ECW) ∼ 4.0–5.0 V for the polymer gel electrolyte membrane containing higher loading of IL (∼70 wt% of IL) have been obtained. Temperature dependent ionic conductivity obeys Arrhenius type thermally activated behaviour.
Combined Ugi‐4CR/CuAAC Approach to Triazole‐Based Neoglycolipids

New glycolipids that feature a carbohydrate/triazole/lipid hybrid architecture were readily produced by a combined multicomponent/click approach. The process comprises the use of the Ugi four-component reaction to construct double-lipidic scaffolds that have either alkyne or azide functionalities followed by conjugation to mono- and trisaccharides through a CuI-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (click) process. The high chemical efficiency and feasibility of the overall procedure provides new opportunities for the rapid creation and biological screening of libraries of this unique class of Ugi/click glycolipids. Dynamic NMR experiments were performed to evaluate the free energy of activation related to the isomerization of the cis/trans amide bond in these compounds. This is the first time that such multicomponent and cycloaddition processes have been combined for the synthesis of glycolipids.
Individual Risk and Social Risk as Interacting Determinants of Victimization in the Peer Group

This study evaluated the hypothesis that the behavior problems that place children at risk for victimization by peers are associated with victimization primarily when children are also at social risk for victimization. Social risk was defined as lacking supportive friends or as being rejected by the peer group. Participants were 229 boys and girls in the 3rd through 7th grades (M age = 11 years 2 months). As predicted, behavior problems (internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and physical weakness) were more strongly related to victimization when children had few friends, had friends who were incapable of fulfilling a protective function (e.g., were physically weak), or were rejected by peers than when children had more friends, had friends capable of defending them, or were better liked by peers. Results illustrate the principle that individual risk variables depend on social context for expression.
Controllable Fabrication of Transparent Macroporous Graphene Thin Films and Versatile Applications as a Conducting Platform

Graphene sheets have been demonstrated to be the building blocks for various assembly structures, which eventually determine the macroscopic properties of graphene materials. As a new assembly structure, transparent macroporous graphene thin films (MGTFs) are not readily prepared due to the restacking tendency of graphene sheets during processing. Here, an ice crystal‐induced phase separation process is proposed for preparation of transparent MGTFs. The ice crystal‐induced phase separation process exhibits several unique features, including efficient prevention of graphene oxide restacking, easy control on the transparency of the MGTFs, and wide applicability to substrates. It is shown that the MGTFs can be used as porous scaffold with high conductivity for electrochemical deposition of various semiconductors and rare metal nanoparticles such as CdSe, ZnO, and Pt, as well as successive deposition of different materials. Notably, the macroporous structures bestow the MGTFs and the nanoparticle‐decorated MGTFs (i.e., Pt@MGTF and CdSe@MGTF) enhanced performance as electrode for oxygen reduction reaction and photoelectrochemical H2 generation.