Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A compact planar bandpass filter with wide out‐of‐band rejection implemented by substrate‐integrated waveguide and complementary split‐ring resonator

A compact planar bandpass filter is presented in this letter, which is implemented by the combination of three different electromagnetic structures, saying, substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW), square complementary split‐ring resonators (CSRRs) and dumbbells slot.The resonator is formed by a SIW cavity loaded with some complementary split‐ring resonators (CSRRs) on its top metal plane, causing a stopband with a very sharp rejection. Meanwhile, several dumbbells are etched on the bottom plane of SIW just below each CSRR to enhance the coupling. Double‐sided parallel strip line (DSPSL) is also used to excite the SIW and guarantee good propagation between these two different structures. An X‐band prototype is designed and fabricated for demonstration, good agreement is observed between simulation and measurement, indicating a very wide rejection band ranging from 11 GHz to 23 GHz and quite strong suppression to spurious modes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26079
Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis with EMD-Based Fault Characteristic Frequency Difference Analysis

This paper presents a novel single-point rolling bearing fault diagnosis mechanism through vibration signal analysis. It is highlighted that the rolling bearing operational state can be well estimated by the first small set of Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) components of the original vibration measurements through Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). These IMF components can be further translated into envelope spectrum by using Hilbert Transform. As a result, the difference of fault characteristic frequencies (DFCF) is derived to properly characterize different fault patterns for fault diagnosis. The suggested method is implemented and evaluated in a rolling bearing test bed for a range of failure scenarios (e.g. inner and outer raceway fault, rolling elements fault) with extensive vibration measurements. The result demonstrates that the proposed solution is effective for characterizing and detecting arrange of rolling bearing faults.quality).
Role of Green Coverings in Mitigating Heat Island Effects: An Analysis of Physical Models

Worldwide, governments are introducing several rules and standards in the aim of limiting the quantity of primary energy for air conditioning of buildings and supporting the use of renewable source of energy for generating thermal and electric energy to be utilized in buildings such as the European Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings [1]. Along with these interventions, another important action takes currently place in the building sector, that is the introduction of passive structural components of the envelope, able to reduce the requirements of energy for air conditioning purposes. Among these building components, the so-called green roofs are becoming more and more interesting for designer and buildings owners. This simple technical solution, in fact, apart its effectiveness in lowering particularly the summer cooling loads, could make more attractive the shape of each single building and, when adopted on a large extension, of an entire city district, reducing the risks for urban heat island phenomena that represent a severe problem in urban contexts. In this work, a short review of the literature models for computing the energy balance of roof coverings will be proposed, with particular reference in modelling the heat exchange of a canopy.
Factors Affecting the Use of Community Service Sentence Orders among Magistrates as Alternative to Imprisonment in Kinondoni Municipality, Tanzania

: This paper is based on a study that attempted to explore factors affecting the use of community service sentence orders as alternative to imprisonment in Kinondoni Municipality, Tanzania. The study was based on the ground that, while a growing number of empirical studies have revealed that prison sentence is not a human rights friendly kind of punishment in a civilized country like Tanzania, disappointingly it remains the most preferred and utilized penalty by most courts. Subsequently, thousands of convicted minor and non-recidivist criminals continued to be sentenced toprisons . Therefore, it is apparent that the community service sentence which was perceived as one of the effective alternatives to imprisonment, remains under-utilized ,resulting into prisons congestions . This study, therefore, explored factors affecting the use of community service sentence orders among magistrates as alternative to imprisonment in Tanzania. The qualitative approach guided by interpretive paradigm and exploratory design in formed this paper. The study consisted of twenty (20) participants who were purposively selected from seven courts of law . The participants included community service officers and magistrates. The in-depth interview was used to capture primary data while secondary data were captured using documentary review. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis . The findings revealed that there is lack of confidence of the general public and the courts on community service as a form of punishment since it is perceived to be lenient kind of punishment. Also the limited public awareness on the existence of community service sentence, limited knowledge on the eligibility criteria for community service offenders and corruptions were identified as major factors affecting the use of community service sentence. In light of the findings ,this paper recommends that social workers as human rights advocates should aggressively conduct awareness raising campaigns against overreliance of imprisonment by some magistrates as a form of punishment particularly for petty and non-recidivist offenders . The government should allocate adequate budget to facilitate regular trainings with honorable magistrates to remind them the available options including the use of community service sentence. There is also need of increasing funding to the Community Service Department to facilitate smooth implementation of the community service orders.
Formulation of a Shear Resistance Mechanism for Inclined Cracks in RC Beams

The shear capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) members is often associated with sliding across inclined planes often referred to as critical diagonal cracks. However, quantifying the shear capacity of the RC member in terms of the sliding resistance of an inclined plane as a result of shear-friction has been found to be a very complex problem. This is because these sliding planes transcend both initially cracked and uncracked planes, their capacity is also a function of the separation between these sliding planes, and invariably the shear-friction sliding capacity overestimates the shear capacity of the member. In this paper, a structural mechanics model that incorporates shear-friction is developed for quantifying the various components of the shear resistance across a critical diagonal crack because of both longitudinal reinforcement and stirrups. It is shown that the shear resistance is less than would be anticipated from the direct application of shear-friction theory because the compressive force in the uncracked region of concrete is less than can be anticipated and because the shear resistance must provide shear forces to maintain equilibrium prior to resisting the direct shear force.
Effect of Mud Composition on Wear and Friction of Casing and Tool Joints

Friction and wear between casing and tool joint have been measured on full-scale equipment. The results show that the most important mud property, with respect to lubricity and protection against wear, is its ability to form a film that separates the two steel surfaces. Results from small-scale tests are shown to be nonrepresentative.
Interactions between plant defense and prior herbivory alter conditions for a plant virus and its vector

Background: While virus-vector-host interactions have been a major focus of both basic and applied ecological research, little is known about how different levels of plant defense interact with prior herbivory to affect these relationships. We used genetically-modified strains of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) varying in the jasmonic acid (JA) plant defense pathways to explore how plant defense and prior herbivory affects a plant virus (tomato yellow leaf curl virus, 'TYLCV'), its vector (the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED), and the host. Results: Virus-free MED preferred low-JA over high-JA plants and had lower fitness on high-JA plants. Viruliferous MED preferred low-JA plants but their survival was unaffected by JA levels. While virus-free MED did not lower plant JA levels, viruliferous MED decreased both JA levels and the expression of JA-related genes. Infestation by viruliferous MED reduced plant JA levels, and TYLCV loads were consistently higher in plants fed upon by viruliferous MED than in plants fed on by virus-free MED. In preference tests, neither virus-free nor viruliferous MED discriminated among JA-varying plants previously exposed to virus-free MED. However, both virus-free and viruliferous MED preferred low-JA plant genotypes when choosing between plants that had both been previously exposed to viruliferous MED. The enhanced preference for low-JA genotypes appears linked to the volatile compound neophytadiene, which was found only in whitefly-infested plants and at concentrations inversely related to plant JA levels. Conclusions: Our findings illustrate how plant defense can interact with prior herbivory to affect both a plant virus and its whitefly vector, and confirm the induction of neophytadiene by lower JA that may prove useful in pest detection and management.
A Bridging Method between 2D and 3D Cephalometry Using Computed Tomography Synthesized Cephalograms

Traditional cephalograms are X-ray films, which provide either frontal or lateral overlapped perspective medical imaging. Although computed tomography imaging provides more information in 3-dimensional anatomy, the landmarks for cephalometry are located in space which does not carry normal standards in 3-D cephalometry. The CT natural imaging method is different from X-ray in that they respectively use orthogonal and perspective projections. Thus, we cannot apply the statistical normal values gathered from traditional 2D cephometry to 3D cephalometry. This study makes use of calibrated synthesized cephalograms from computed tomography to construct a cephalometry bridge between 2-D and 3-D. In this thesis, we first review the imaging model of a specific X-ray machine (Asahi OrthoStage AUTO IIIN) by a camera calibration method. We then construct a reference system for a virtual head, and synthesize calibrated X-ray cephalograms using the volume rendering algorithm. System accuracy for the synthesis X-ray cephalograms is verified through an interactive corresponding landmark system between 2-D and 3-D. An experimental clinician was invited to manually place 17 landmarks on the X-rays and their corresponding, shuffled in random order. The systematic error, average error, and standard deviation of landmark positions are 0.15 mm, 0.97 mm, and 0.45 mm, respectively. The interactive system bridges the transformation from orthogonal 3-D to perspective 2-D cephalometry.
Full optical column characterization of DUV lithographic projection tools

Advanced optical systems for low k1 lithography require accurate characterisation of various imaging parameters to insure that OPC strategies can be maintained. Among these parameters lens aberrations and illumination profiles are the most important optical column charcteristics. The phase measurement interferometer hardware (ILIAS: Integrated Lens Interferometer At Scanner) integrated into high-NA ArF lithographic projection tools opens novel pathways to measure and control tool critical performance parameters. In this presentation we address new extensions of this in-line tool that will allow the measurement of optical parameters of the full optical column. The primary functionality of the ILIAS system is to measure and analyse wavefront aberrations across the full image field with high accuracy and speed. In this paper performance data of the in-line wavefront sensor over multiple high-NA ArF lithographic systems is presented. In addition to the acquisition of wavefront aberrations in terms of Zernike polynomials, detailed measurements of high resolution wavefronts are now possible. Examples of such wavefronts and PSD analysis thereof are presented. Besides the projection lens properties, the detailed shape of the pupil distribution and transmission (apodisation) becomes critical for system optimization. The integrated ILIAS hardware can also be used to measure these parameters.
Comparison of Greenshields, Pipes, and Van Aerde Car-Following and Traffic Stream Models

Three car-following models were compared: the Greenshields single-regime model, the Pipes two-regime model, and a four-parameter single-regime model that amalgamates both the Greenshields and Pipes models. The four-parameter model proposed by Van Aerde and Rakha is less known but is currently implemented in the INTEGRATION 2.30 software. The Greenshields and Pipes models were considered because they represent state-of-the-practice models for several types of microscopic and macroscopic software. The Greenshields model is widely used in macroscopic transportation planning models. In addition, the Pipes model is implemented in a number of microscopic traffic simulation models including CORSIM and VISSIM. Steady-state car-following behavior is also related to macroscopic traffic stream models to develop calibration procedures that can be achieved using macroscopic loop detector data. The study concluded that the additional degree of freedom that results from including a fourth parameter (Van Aerde model) overcomes the shortcomings of the current state-of-the-practice traffic stream models by capturing both macroscopic and microscopic steady-state traffic behavior for a wide range of roadway facilities and traffic conditions. Also developed was a procedure for calibrating the Pipes car-following model using macroscopic field measurements that can be obtained from loop detectors. Although this calibration procedure does not overcome the inherent shortcomings of the Pipes model, it does provide an opportunity to calibrate the CORSIM and VISSIM car-following behavior to existing roadway conditions more efficiently and without the need to collect microscopic traffic data.
Analysis of Vibration and Acoustic Radiation Characteristics of Busbar Bridge System under Electromagnetic Force

Abstract The numerical simulations for predicting the operation noise of three-phase low voltage and heavy current busbar bridge under electromagnetic force are described. A 3D FEM structural model and a 3D acoustic model based on boundary element method (BEM) are developed. The vibro-acoustic characteristics of the system are calculated according to the natural frequencies and the mode shapes. The calculated results are compared with the measured ones and that shows the effectiveness of the simulation models and methods. Based on the analysis, several feasible structure modifications are proposed to control the noise. Results show that these methods can reduce the noise effectively.
Analysis of singular values PDF and CCDF on receiver-side antennas correlated MIMO channels

Antennas proximity produces the antennas correlation effect which impacts MIMO systems performance. This reported work analyses the singular values complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) to evaluate the receiver-side antennas correlation effect and the outcomes of the appropriate antennas usage, showing some results for a 4 × 4 MIMO channel with linearly and uniformly spaced antennas.
Dengue Outbreak Prediction Based on Artificial Neural Networking Model Using Climatic Parameters

Background: Dengue fever is a vector-borne tropical disease radically amplified by 30 times in occurrence between 1960 and 2010. The upsurge is considered to be because of urbanization, population growth and climate change. Therefore, Meteorological parameters (temperature, precipitation and relative humidity) have impact on the occurrence and outbreaks of dengue fever. There are not many studies that enumerate the relationship between the dengue cases in a particular locality and the meteorological parameters. This study explores the relationship between the dengue cases and the meteorological parameters. In prevalent localities, it is essential to alleviate the outbreaks using modelling techniques for better disease control.Methods: An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed for predicting the number of dengue cases by knowing the meteorological parameters. The model was trained with 7 years of dengue fever data of Kamrup and Lakhimpur district of Assam, India. The practicality of the model was corroborated using independent data set with satisfactory outcomes. Findings: It was apparent from the sensitivity analysis that precipitation is more sensitive to the number of dengue cases than other meteorological parameters. Conclusion: This model would assist dengue fever alleviation and control in the long run.
Numerical Simulation of Tidal Waves Variation in the North Branch of the Changjiang Estuary

A 2D numerical model about the Changjiang Estuary was set up with MIKE 21 in this study, which was well calibrated and verified with the observed tidal levels, flow velocities and flow directions, the computed results agree well with the measured data. Then the model has been applied to calculate the tidal level in the North Branch during spring and neap tide in flood season. The results show that, from the middle reach to the upper reach of the North Branch, the high tidal level is lower and lower and the low tidal level is upper and upper, so the tidal range is decreased, and tidal range during spring is greater than the one during neap. The tidal peak appearing time in the upper reach of the North Branch lags behind that of the middle reach, which is obviously during neap tide. The tidal level curve of the middle reach of the North Branch is smooth and close to the simple harmonic curve, while that of the upper reach of the North Branch deformities, the tidal level curve of ebb tide change fluctuant, much more obviously at spring tide.
A Web Architecture Based on Physical Data Separation Supporting Privacy Protection in Medical Research

In this paper, the authors present a novel Web based architecture of a medical registry with enhanced protection of personal data of the patients. The goal of a medical registry is to gather experience from clinical practice concerning a disease or treatment e.g., hip replacement and to improve the future treatments by applying adequate methods and selecting optimal products. The processing of health data is strictly regulated by laws protecting patients' privacy. The presented solution is based on the physical separation of identity related data and clinical data and combining the information from both sources on the screen of the user, according to their permissions. The anonymized clinical data can be used for research whereas the risk of de-anonymizing the patient is significantly reduced. This solution has been verified by an operation of a deployed real-life application.
Relationship between Urban Health-related Quality of Life and Utilization of Medical Ecology

The advance of medical technology allows people extending the life, and the promotion of material life standards allows people thinking of a better life. Accordingly, general public or medical institutions gradually emphasize health-related quality of life. Moreover, the increasing medical expenses in past years result in unbalance medical finance that effectively controlling the increasing utilization of medical ecology becomes a critical issue. Selecting the general public in Shanghai as the research samples for the questionnaire survey, total 500 copies of questionnaire are distributed, from which invalid and incomplete ones are deducted for 421 valid copies of questionnaire, with the retrieval rate 84%. The research results show remarkably negative correlations between 1.health-related quality of life and medical expenses, 2.health-related quality of life and number of medical visits, as well as 3.health-related quality of life and number of hospitalization. According to the results, suggestions are proposed, expecting to achieve the goal of promoting the citizens’ health-related quality of life.
Automated Disassembly Sequence Prediction for Industry 4.0 Using Enhanced Genetic Algorithm

: The evolution of Industry 4.0 made it essential to adopt the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud Computing (CC) technologies to perform activities in the new age of manufacturing. These technologies enable collecting, storing, and retrieving essential information from the manufacturing stage. Data collected at sites are shared with others where execution automatedly occurs. The obtained information must be validated at manufacturing to avoid undesirable data losses during the de-manufacturing process. However, information sharing from the assembly level at the manufacturing stage to disassembly at the product end-of-life state is a major concern. The current research validates the information optimally to offer a minimum set of activities to complete the disassembly process. An optimal disassembly sequence plan (DSP) can possess valid information to organize the necessary actions in manufacturing. However, finding an optimal DSP is complex because of its combinatorial nature. The genetic algorithm (GA) is a widely preferred artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm to obtain a near-optimal solution for the DSP problem. The converging nature at local optima making a comparative assessment with traditional GA and other AI methods at different population sizes.
Potential and realised endozoochorous dispersal by herbivores and omnivores in a Caspian forest steppe area

Background: Among other factors, feeding regimes of different mammals affect their roles as endozoochorous seed dispersal vectors. We thus conducted a cross-species comparative approach involving two herbivores, red and roe deer; and two omnivores and opportunistic frugivores, wild boar and brown bear, which occupy the forest and prairie-forest ecotone habitats of the south-eastern Caspian region. To compare their potential and realised endozoochorous seed dispersal, we used two different seed germination methods: controlled greenhouse and natural conditions. Results: Of the 136 plant taxa (3078 seedlings) recorded from the 445 paired dung sub-samples of both methods, only 36 taxa (336 seedlings) were recorded under natural conditions, among which five taxa showed no emergence in the greenhouse. Graminoids and forbs composed 91% of the seedlings in greenhouse but shrub species were more abundant under natural conditions (55% of emerged seedlings). Considering greenhouse condition, red deer and then wild boar dispersed more species than the other animals, while in natural condition brown bear was the most effective vector. We observed remarkably higher species richness and seedling abundance in the controlled greenhouse method than natural condition (P≤0.001). This difference may be related to dung sample preparation method or meteorological conditions in the field during our experiment. Conclusions: The studied sympatric vectors were shown to provide different seed dispersal services and may, therefore, be regarded as complementary. Our results provide evidence for the potential positive bias arising when only considering germination under controlled greenhouse conditions. Relativising the potential versus the realised endozoochorous dispersal of seeds by different mammals would help determine management options to maintain plant biodiversity. Keywords : Different germination methods, Mammal functional groups, Potential endozoochory, Realised endozoochory