Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterizing River Baseflow Recession Using Linear Reservoir Model in Alang Watershed, Central Java, Indonesia

Alang is a sub-watershed emptying into the Gajah Mungkur Reservoir in Wonogiri, Central Java Indonesia, with an area of 51.01 km 2 and lithology composed of Baturetno Formation and Wonosari Formation. Baseflow is a major component of river flow during the dry season. Hence, the characterization of its recession becomes necessary, and it can be performed with innovation in baseflow hydrological modeling, that is, the recession curve. This study was designed to describe the distinctive features of baseflow recession using a linear reservoir model, which is depicted in individual and master recession curves. The baseflow recession in AlangSubwatershed was represented by a combination of varying initial recession discharge (Q0), α, and recession constants (Krb). The individual recession curves were typified by Q0=0.19-9.11, α= 0.089-0.243, and Krb=0.7843-0.9148. As for the master recession curve, it had Q0=9.99, α=0.085, and Krb=0.928. These results signify a sloping recession curve, meaning that the water storage and aquifer characteristics that store and transmit water in Alang Subwatershed are in good condition.
Tribomechanical performance of MgO–ZnO nanoparticles as lubricating additives in the microextrusion process

The interfacial friction between tool and workpiece is unpredictable in the micromanufacturing process. It has a major influence on process workability, which determines product formability. In this study, the microtribological behavior of MgO–ZnO mixed metal oxide nanoadditive lubricant with dry friction is investigated in the microextrusion process. In the microextrusion of aluminum 6063 gear, the extrusion force reduced significantly upon using the nanoadditive lubricant. The surface roughness result shows the improved surface quality due to the existence of nanoadditives in the micromanufacturing process. The quantitative deviation due to interfacial friction is resolved with different coefficients by performing the numerical evaluation. This research contributes to the fundamental understanding about the tribological and mechanical behavior of nanoadditive lubricant in the microextrusion process and facilitates in minimizing the interfacial friction.
General Approach for Formulating a Digital Transformation Strategy

To take advantage of information technologies, organizations need to define a clear strategy. Numerous works have provided definitions and phases of digital strategies. Some of these strategies are context-specific, while others deal with the common elements of digital strategies regardless of the digital transformation context. However, these works do not address a holistic approach. This raises ambiguity regarding digital strategy definitions and approaches. To eliminate this ambiguity, the current research tries to take advantage of existing digital strategies to propose a general digital strategy definition and build a general digital transformation approach. This work analyses various digital transformation strategies, to extract and classify their common elements in order to build a general approach that frame and drive the formulation of digital transformation strategies. To define such a general approach, the current paper analyses the effects of IT Governance and Management Strategy on the Digital Transformation Maturity. This analysis identified how IT Governance and Management Strategy can contribute to formulating a digital transformation strategy. Partial Least Square (PLS) was adopted in this research to develop an empirical evaluation for the case of 30 digital strategies and frameworks. Based on this empirical study several results have been presented in this work, namely: determination of a digital strategy definition and identification of a digital strategy approach. The proposed approach is composed of the following building blocks: Strategic Awareness, Business Strategic Planning, IT Organizational Structure, Steering committee, IT Prioritization Process, IT Investment Decisions, IT Strategic Planning, IT Budgeting, IT Reporting, IT Reaction Capacity and Management Strategy.
Designing of Closed-Loop Supply Chain on Dry Land-Based Catfish Aquabusiness in Gunungkidul: A System Dynamics Approach

Dry land-based catfish fishery is one of the promising rural aquabusiness in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. There are several problems in this business, for example, supply-demand balancing, calculation accuracy of production capacity, and equitable profit distribution to each stakeholder. This research aimed to design a closed-loop supply chain of dry-land catfish industrial-fishery model by employing the system dynamics approach. Powesim Studio 7 coupled MINITAB 14 was applied to measure the robustness of the supply chain management system, to predict optimum production capacity, and to balance profit distribution. A financial analysis was also performed to determine business feasibility. Three scenarios of price were created by considering the predicted trend of catfish consumption and formulated three alternative prices by appraising the juvenile fish production, aquaculture practices, local feedstock manufactured by farmers, and fish-by products distributed by small-enterprises. Those consideration units were constructed of four observed models. The highest profit to stakeholder was obtained by scenario III that was directed to increase the juvenile fish price to Rp 240/fish, consumption-sized fish at the price of Rp 18,000/kg, fish-by product at the price of Rp 150,000/kg, and local feed at the price of Rp 9,000/kg. According to financial analysis, the four subsystems in dry land-based catfish aquabusiness were all feasible by BCR>1; PP was 5-9 years, NPV>0, PI>1, and IRR>15%/year. The implementation of the system required synergetic action among policymakers, farmer cooperative, and local innovation centers.
Optimization of a Suite of Microsatellite Markers for Nocomis leptocephalus (Bluehead Chub) and Genetic Characterization of Two Populations in South Carolina

Abstract - Nocomis leptocephalus (Bluehead Chub) is a minnow native to the southeastern United States that constructs nests used by many freshwater fishes. No microsatellite markers have been published for Bluehead Chub, and information on genetic structure and diversity is sparse. We evaluated microsatellites from other leuciscid species for use with Bluehead Chub and created a panel of markers that has sufficient power for investigations of population structure and can differentiate between Bluehead Chub and Notropis lutipinnis (Yellowfin Shiner) eggs. We applied the panel to Bluehead Chub samples from 2 locations in South Carolina, finding these populations are genetically differentiated with high levels of genetic diversity. Our marker panel can improve our understanding of population dynamics of Bluehead Chub and allow for informed conservation recommendations.
In Silico Proteomics EVOO Therapy for Lipid Lowering in the Patients of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by inherited and/or acquired deficiency in the production of insulin by the pancreas, or by ineffectiveness of the insulin produced. Diabetes is a life-long disease marked by elevated levels of sugar in the blood. It is considered as the second progressing cause of color blindness and kidney defects throughout the world. There are four times higher chances of getting heart disease and strokes suffering with diabetes than other ailments. Type-2 diabetes has approximately 90% cases in Pakistan and need to be checked out for its therapy. Olive oil could be helpful in diabetes via many of ways, as prolonged inflammation plays a role as an enhancer of diabetes and other diabetes problems. This study reports identification of some of the cheapest ways to lower the cholesterol in the diabetes mellitus in the local population by using advanced technologies. In this work, the main focus of the research was to use olive oil as a therapy, and as a lipid lowering agent, to improve and reduce the chance of blood pressure, lipids, and hence diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Aquatic Weed as Potential Feed for Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus

A study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional potentials of three commonly available aquatic weeds namely, lemna (Lemna minor), water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and azolla (Azolla pinnata) for ascertaining their suitability in fish feed with the aim of reducing the cost of traditional feeds. Three isonitrogenous (30% crude protein approximately) and isocaloric (4.0 kcal g−1 approximately) diets were formulated including lemna, water hyacinth and azolla as principal ingredient. Three groups of juvenile tilapia fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) of thirty (30) number per group (Average weight 5.1 ± 0.15 g; length 4.5 ± 0.12 cm) were fed with three different types of feeds with lemna meal (LNM), water hyacinth meal (WHM) and azolla meal (AZM) for 90 days duration. Body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and gonadosomatic index (GSI) were significantly (P<0.05) high in LNM fed fish in comparison to the others. The lemna possibly contains superior quality of protein which in turn influenced growth, growth parameters and fecundity of cultured fish.
Biooptical characteristics of PSII and PSI in 33 species (13 pigment groups) of marine phytoplankton, and the relevance for pulse‐amplitude‐modulated and fast‐repetition‐rate fluorometry 1

We studied the variability of in vivo absorption coefficients and PSII‐scaled fluorescence excitation (fl‐ex) spectra of high light (HL) and low light (LL) acclimated cultures of 33 phytoplankton species that belonged to 13 different pigment groups (PGs) and 10 different phytoplankton classes. By scaling fl‐ex spectra to the corresponding absorption spectra by matching them in the 540–650 nm range, we obtained estimates for the fraction of total chl a that resided in PSII, the absorption of light by PSII, PSI, and photoprotective carotenoids. The in vivo red peak absorption maxima ranged from 673 to 679 nm, reflecting bonding of chl a to different pigment proteins. A simple approach is presented for quantifying intracellular self‐shading and evaluating the impact of photoacclimation on biooptical characteristics of the different PGs examined. In view of these results, parameters used in the calculation of oxygenic photosynthesis based on pulse‐amplitude‐modulated (PAM) and fast‐repetition‐rate (FRR) fluorometers are discussed, showing that the ratio between light available to PSII and total absorption, essential for the calculation of the oxygen release rate (using the PSII‐scaled fluorescence spectrum as a proxy) was dependent on species and photoacclimation state. Three subgroups of chromophytes exhibited 70%–80%, 60%–80%, and 50%–60% chl a in PSII‐LHCII; the two subgroups of chlorophytes, 70% or 80%; and cyanobacteria, only 12%. In contrast, the mean fraction for chromo‐ and chlorophytes of quanta absorbed by PSII was 73% in LL‐ and 55% in HL‐acclimated cells; thus, the corresponding ratios 0.55 and 0.73 might be used as correction factors adjusting for quanta absorbed by PSII for PAM and FRR measurements.
Swimming, feeding, circulation and vision in the Australian box jellyfish, Chironex fleckeri (Cnidaria: Cubozoa)

Juvenile Chironex fleckeri medusae were maintained in aquaria for several months. One individual was raised over a nine-month period to subadult condition for the first time. The medusae did not feed naturally in most aquaria but they accepted and digested prey items placed by hand onto the manubrium. Medusae maintained in planktonkreisels, however, extended tentacles and captured and ingested live Acetes, large prawns and fish by subumbrellar flexing of the pedalia. Digestion of prey was rapid and food particles were circulated directionally through functional canals and lacunae primarily by contractions of the bell but also by peristaltic contractions of interradial gastrovascular tissues. In the laboratory, medusae visually reacted to dark objects by swimming away from them. Swimming behaviour of medusae in the sea and natural predation by green turtles (Chelonia rnydas) on C. fleckeri are described.
Discovery and genotyping of high-throughput SNP markers for crown rust resistance gene Pc94 in cultivated oat

Crown rust caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae Eriks is a serious problem for oat production worldwide and pyramiding multiple resistance genes into new cultivars is a key objective of breeders. Many race specific resistance genes have been mapped and markers that are closely linked to them have been identified. However, the use of these markers in oat breeding practice has been limited due to the economics of marker assisted selection (MAS) deployment. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers have been demonstrated to have a high-throughput capability with relatively low cost and numerous semi-automated SNP scoring platforms exist. Gene Pc94 has remained highly effective since it was first tested on the Canadian crown rust populations in 1993 and is one of the few effective genes available in Western Canada. In the present study, PCR products were amplified using primers derived from sequences of amplified fragment length polymorphism bands which have been shown to be linked to Pc94. Genomic DNA from genotypes, with and without the Pc94 gene, were used as the PCR templates. By comparative sequence alignment amongst the PCR fragments, many putative SNP sites were identified. From these sites, four SNP sites were selected and validated by the single base extension method. One SNP site, Pc94-SNPla, was tested on two F 2:3 populations segregating for the resistance gene. The map distances between the SNP marker and Pc94 were 2.1 and 5.4 cM in the two different populations. Various oat cultivars and germplasm lines were also tested for a wider application of the SNP marker. Fluorescent technology and capillary electrophoresis allowed for the semi-automated, fairly high-throughput scoring of the SNP markers.
Características de carcaça e da carne de bovinos mestiços não-castrados ou submetidos a diferentes métodos de castração

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of different castration methods applied to dairy crossbred males on carcass and meat traits, compared with non-castrated animals. Eighty-four males, with average age of ten months, were randomized into four groups of 21 animals: castrated using burdizzo tool, castrated by lateral incision in scrotum, castrated by cap removing (scrotum apex) or kept intact (non-castrated). The slaughter of animals occurred in commercial slaughterhouse, at 30 months of age. Non-castrated animals showed higher cold carcass weight (208.0±6.2 kg) than the males castrated by different methods (mean 192.0±6.4 kg). There was no difference in subcutaneous fat thickness among the groups, but when the measure was adjusted for carcass weight, there was a higher fat cover in animals castrated with burdizzo (.79± .08 mm/100 kg) or lateral incision (.86± .09 mm/100 kg) than non-castrated (.61± .05 mm/100 kg). L ongissimus dorsi area was higher in non-castrated males (60.47±1.94 cm 2 ) than males castrated with burdizzo tool (50.41±3.18 cm 2 ). There was not statistical difference for muscle/bone and muscle+fat/bone ratios among the groups, but the muscle/fat ratio was higher in non-castrated animals compared to castrated by cap removing and these were greater than castrated by lateral incision. There was no difference of meat sensorial characteristics, but the marbling score was higher in castrated with burdizzo tool (2.33± .20 points) or castrated by cap removing (2.39± .20 points) than the non castrated (1.77 ± 0.12 points). Castration method in crossbred dairy cattle males slaughtered with low weight does not promote changes in carcass and meat quality, but non-castrated animals have higher slaughter and cold carcass weights, and higher muscle percentage and muscle / fat ratio than castrated males. KEYWORDS: Burdizzo ; carcass composition; castration methods; meat quality.
Adaptation of restoration target with climate change: the case of a coastal peatland

As a rise in sea level is expected with climate change, peat-extracted peatlands located in coastal zones are more vulnerable to saltwater intrusion. Seawater contamination may prevent revegetation of typical bog species (e.g., Sphagnum, ericaceous shrubs) generally intolerant to saline conditions. Spontaneous revegetation was studied in a 27-year post-extracted bog that has been contaminated with seawater in New Brunswick (Eastern Canada). This study aimed (i) to evaluate spontaneous plant regeneration on saline but still acidic, organic soil; and (ii) to relate the recolonized vegetation patterns to the main environmental conditions. Of the seven plant communities found in the sea-contaminated bog, none were typical of bogs, and Sphagnum mosses were poorly represented. Plants communities and chemical properties were rather representative of salt marsh ecosystems (i.e., Carex paleacea, Sporobolus michauxianus, Empetrum nigrum, Myrica gale; neutral pH and nutrient-rich, namely P, Mg, and NH4+). Areas with low levels of spontaneous revegetation were associated with harsh chemical conditions (i.e., acid pH, high electrical conductivity, and nutrient-poor). Considering the aggravating factors that will persist with climate change, restoration of coastal bogs contaminated with seawater should aim to re-establish salt marsh ecosystems, given that spontaneous revegetation patterns and chemical conditions clearly do not allow the establishment of bog plant communities.
Development of a Decision Support Model Based on Machine Learning for Applying Greenhouse Gas Reduction Technology

Multiple nations have implemented policies for greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction since the 21st Conference of Parties (COP 21) at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2015. In this convention, participants voluntarily agreed to a new climate regime that aimed to decrease GHG emissions. Subsequently, a reduction in GHG emissions with specific reduction technologies (renewable energy) to decrease energy consumption has become a necessity and not a choice. With the launch of the Korean Emissions Trading Scheme (K-ETS) in 2015, Korea has certified and financed GHG reduction projects to decrease emissions. To help the user make informed decisions for economic and environmental benefits from the use of renewable energy, an assessment model was developed. This study establishes a simple assessment method (SAM), an assessment database (DB) of 1199 GHG reduction technologies implemented in Korea, and a machine learning-based GHG reduction technology assessment model (GRTM). Additionally, we make suggestions on how to evaluate economic benefits, which can be obtained in conjunction with the environmental benefits of GHG reduction technology. Finally, we validate the applicability of the assessment model on a public building in Korea.
Effects of large-scale high-severity fire on occupancy and abundances of an invasive large mammal in south-eastern Australia

Abstract Context. Despite large mammals being an important component of many ecosystems, there is little information on the impacts of fire on large mammal populations. Aims. We evaluated the effects of the large-scale high-severity ‘Black Saturday’ fires of 7 February 2009 on occupancy and abundances of an invasive large mammal, the sambar deer (Cervus unicolor), in south-eastern Australia. Methods. The effects of the Black Saturday fires on the abundance of sambar deer were assessed using repeated annual counts of faecal pellets during 2007–11 in Kinglake National Park, which was burnt, and in Mount Buffalo National Park, which was not burnt. Pre-fire occupancy was modelled from data collected at 80 4-km2 cells using three survey methods. The same survey methods were used at 15 burnt (n = 9 sampled pre-fire) and 15 unburnt (n = 5 sampled pre-fire) cells 16–24 months after Black Saturday. Because multiple surveys were performed in each cell, we used a Bayesian state–space site-occupancy model to partition changes in the probability of occupancy from changes in the probability of detection. Key results. Counts of sambar deer pellets increased linearly during 2007–11 in the unburnt Mount Buffalo National Park. Pellet counts also increased linearly in Kinglake National Park from 2007 to 2008, and then decreased (to zero) following Black Saturday; pellet counts increased again in 2010 and 2011. Sambar deer occupancy was weakly reduced (from 0.99 to 0.88) in burnt cells 16–24 months after Black Saturday, but was little changed in unburnt cells (from 0.99 to 0.98). Conclusions. We conclude that the abundance of sambar deer was substantially reduced by the large-scale high-severity Black Saturday fires, but that most burnt habitat was reoccupied 16–24 months later. Implications. There is concern about the negative impacts of invasive sambar deer on native biodiversity, particularly immediately post-fire. Our study suggests that it takes at least 8 months before sambar deer recolonise areas burnt by a large-scale high-severity fire; however, a risk-averse approach would be to act (e.g. by erecting fences or culling) sooner than that.
Adversarial Preprocessing: Understanding and Preventing Image-Scaling Attacks in Machine Learning

Machine learning has made remarkable progress in the last years, yet its success has been overshadowed by different attacks that can thwart its correct operation. While a large body of research has studied attacks against learning algorithms, vulnerabilities in the preprocessing for machine learning have received little attention so far. An exception is the recent work of Xiao et al. that proposes attacks against image scaling. In contrast to prior work, these attacks are agnostic to the learning algorithm and thus impact the majority of learning-based approaches in computer vision. The mechanisms underlying the attacks, however, are not understood yet, and hence their root cause remains unknown. In this paper, we provide the first in-depth analysis of image-scaling attacks. We theoretically analyze the attacks from the perspective of signal processing and identify their root cause as the interplay of downsampling and convolution. Based on this finding, we investigate three popular imaging libraries for machine learning (OpenCV, TensorFlow, and Pillow) and confirm the presence of this interplay in different scaling algorithms. As a remedy, we develop a novel defense against image-scaling attacks that prevents all possible attack variants. We empirically demonstrate the efficacy of this defense against non-adaptive and adaptive adversaries.
Habitat preference of large grey mongooses Herpestes ichneumon in Spain

By using radio-tracking to analyse habitat preferences of grey mongooses Herpestes ichneumon (Linnaeus, 1758) at the Donana Biological Reserve, we have distinguished eight habitat types in order of ground cover and vegetation density. Three mongooses (two adult and a young female) were radiotracked on foot at close range by twenty-eight 24-hour periods between October '85 and April '86, as that the habitat occupied at any moment was known. We compared the availability and use of each habitat type by Jacobs index (D). During activity, the mongooses spent most of their time in brambles (BR), 35% of time, and xerophytic scrubland (XS), 27% of time, the habitats with most vegetation and prey density, followed by rushes (RU), hygrophytic scrubland (HS), marshes (MA) and dune hollows (DH). There was no appreciable use of habitat without cover as bare sand dunes (BD) and grassland and bracken (GB). The running speed of mongooses on each habitat type is related to prey type. The nocturnal resting place was in BR (81.0%) principally, followed by XS, HS, DH, and RU (N = 58). The short daytime resting periods or "siestas" were in BR (65 % of the time), followed by XS, HS, DH and RU. Statistical differences between activity, resting habitat use and habitat availability were detected. Estacion Biologica de Donana, CSIC. Apdo. 1056, 41080 Sevilla, Spain