Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of inoculum source (Sheep or Goat) on in vitro gas production and rumen fermentation parameters of some fodder shrubs in northern Tunisia

In order to ensure nutritional characterization of some fodder shrubs and test the effect of inoculum source (sheep and goats) on their digestibility. Four shrubs “Acacia cyanophylla, Atriplex halimus, Opuntia ficus-indica. Var.inermis(cactus) and Medicago arborea” were tested in vitro by incubating them firstly into the rumen fluid of sheep then into goat’s inoculums. The evaluation included chemical composition, total gas production (CO2 and CH4), the prediction of organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME), the concentration of total volatile fatty acids (SCFA) and metering ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N). Ruminal fermentation of Opuntia ficus-indica and Medicago arborea have identified more total gas amonts than Atriplex halimus and Acacia cyanophylla . Digestibility of organic matter, metabolisable energy and the concentration of total volatil fatty acids were higher in the case of Opuntia ficus-indica compared to other shrubs. The lowest values were recorded in the Atriplex halimus. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N), it turned out that Opuntia ficus-indica is the food with less protein concentration (140 and 270.66 mmol/syringe) respectively for sheep and goats. In against part, the Medicago arborea is presented as a good protein source recording of ammonia nitrogen concentration (214.67 mmol/syringe) into the sheep’s rumen and (494.67 mmol/syringe) into the goats inoculum. The source of the inoculum showed a highly significant effect (p 0.05).
Traveltime measurements from noise correlation: stability and detection of instrumental time-shifts

We test the feasibility of using Green's functions extracted from records of ambient seismic noise to monitor temporal changes in the Earth crust properties by repeated measurements at regional distances. We use about 11 yr of continuous recordings to extract surface waves between three pairs of stations in California. The correlations are computed in a moving 1-month window and we analyse the temporal evolution of measured interstation traveltimes. The comparison of the arrival times in the positive and negative correlation time of Rayleigh and Love waves allows us to separate time-shifts associated with any form of physical change in the medium, those resulting from clock drift or other instrumental errors, and those due to change in the localization of the noise sources. This separation is based on the principle of time symmetry. When possible, we perform our analysis in two different period bands: 5–10 and 10–20 s. The results indicate that significant instrumental time errors (0.5 s) are present in the data. These time-shifts can be measured and tested by closure relation and finally corrected independently of any velocity model. The traveltime series show a periodic oscillation that we interpret as the signature of the seasonal variation of the region of origin of the seismic noise. Between 1999 and 2005, the final arrival time fluctuations have a variance of the order of 0.01 s. This allows us to measure interstation traveltimes with errors smaller than 0.3 per cent of the interstation traveltime and smaller than 1 per cent of the used wave period. This level of accuracy was not sufficient to detect clear physical variation of crustal velocity during the considered 11 yr between the three stations in California. Such changes may be more easily detectable when considering pairs of stations more closely located to each other and in the vicinity of tectonically active faults or volcanoes.
Assessing temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton composition in a large reservoir in the Brazilian northeastern region under intense drought conditions

The present study was carried out in Castanhao Reservoir, a large aquatic system in the Brazilian semi-arid region that serves multiples uses as water drinking supply and intensive fish-cage aquaculture site. In order to understand the effects of environmental conditions on the spatial and temporal variability of the phytoplankton functional groups (FG) and the main ‘characterizing taxa’, sub-superficial water samples were collected from March 2012 to August 2013, a period distinguished by the continuous drop in reservoir volume due to rainfall shortage. Eighteen functional groups and 102 total phytoplankton taxa were found in the Castanhao reservoir during the study. No significant differences were observed relative to spatial variation of total phytoplankton composition throughout the reservoir (PERMANOVA, P>0.05). On the other hand, according to cluster analysis results, three temporal phases have been identified (Similarity Profile, P<0.05), based on 102 phytoplankton taxa. The ‘characterizing taxa’ was found using the Similarity Percentage procedure (cut-off 90%), being thus defined as those taxa that contributed the most to the similarity within each temporal phase. Nineteen ‘characterizing taxa’ described the Castanhao reservoir, with predominance of those typical of mixing and turbidity conditions. Cyanobacteria dominated through the three temporal phases. According to the redundancy analysis, nutrient availability and water transparency were found to influence the phytoplankton temporal dynamics. The phase I (rainy season) was most represented by Planktolyngbya minor / Pl. limnetica (FG = S1), which reached best performance under strongly decreased phosphate-P concentrations and low water transparency. In phase II (dry season), Romeria victoriae (FG = ? ) outcompeted other cyanobacteria probably due the increase in water transparency and decrease in ammonium-N. Finally, in phase III (rainy season) the decrease of water transparency triggered a recovery of shade-adapted cyanobacteria, but at this time mostly represented by Pseudanabaena limnetica (FG = S1). Phase III was also distinctive from the other ones by the highest Nitrate-N and phosphate-P concentrations related to thermocline disruption, which favored an increase in total phytoplankton biomass recorded by the augment of green algae density (FGs = X1, J and F). We concluded that the temporal dynamics of phytoplankton composition was associated to environmental changes in Castanhao Reservoir from 2012 to 2013, which were driven by seasonal climate variation from region (rainy/dry seasons), as well as, by the reduction in reservoir volume that resulted in the disruption of the thermocline, water mixing and an increase in inorganic P and N.
Different concepts for the coupling of porous-media flow with lower-dimensional pipe flow

Many flow problems in environmental, technical and biological systems are characterized by a distinct interaction between a flow region in porousmedium and a free-flow region in quasi-one-dimensional hollow structures. In this study, different model concepts, based on a dual-continuum strategy, for the simulation of coupled porous-media flow and (lower-dimensional) pipe flow are further developed and tested. The dual-continuum concept is extended for coupling multiphase porous-media flow with lower-dimensional single-phase free flow. The complexity of the considered flow regimes is increased gradually. Examples are given for a coupled single-phase incompressible and compressible flow in both porousmedia and pipe flow domains. Furthermore, the coupling of single-phase pipe flow with a multi-phase flow based on Richard’s equation for the unsaturated soil zone is modeled, where the important role of capillary effects for the mass exchange rate between the two continua could be illustrated. The last example introduces a concept for a two-phase porous-media flow coupled with a single-phase (gas) pipeflow problem, which revealed that the mobility exchange term can be decisive for the mass exchange rate.
Influence of salt and herbal substance on the drying and reconstitution performance of Bombay duck, Harpodon nehereus

Effects of salt, chili and turmeric powder on the production of high quality dried fish products from Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus) under open sun drying was investigated. Five different types of dried products (T1-T5) were produced and studied. Moisture content in T3 decreased more rapidly to below 16% within 28 hrs of drying compared to those treated with other treatments (temperature varies from 24.6°C to 34°C and relative humidity varies between 60% and 48%) . Drying process was very slow in control samples where it took 32 hrs for reaching the moisture level to 18.75%. Both turmeric and chili powders had strong repellency effect against insect infestation. Bombay duck treated with salt and herbal products were less infested by the blowfly whereas samples dried under control treatment were severely infested by blowfly.
How Temperature Affects Wastewater NitrateRemoval in a Bioelectrochemically AssistedConstructed Wetland System

A novel bioelectrochemically assisted constructed wetland system (BECW) was investigated using a laboratory-scale experimental apparatus for treating nitrate-contaminated water without an organic carbon source. The BECW was operated at 29 ±1 and 18 ±1oC, respectively, to explore the effects of temperature on the autotrophic denitrification process. The results showed that higher TN removal efficiency (76.30 ±5.08%) was obtained at higher temperature when compared to a lower temperature (48.18 ±4.40%). The effluent concentrations of NO2 --N and NH4 +-N at 18 ±1oC were 0.40 ±0.11 and 0.50 ±0.42 mg N L-1, whereas those at 29 ±1oC could be neglected. Besides, significant accumulations of NO2 --N and NH4 +-N were observed in the cathode region at 18 ±1oC through quantifying different forms of nitrogen that varied along the flow path.
Influence of microstructure and weld size on the mechanical behaviour of dissimilar AHSS resistance spot welds

Resistance spot welds were produced in dissimilar combinations of advanced high strength steels. A 600 MPa dual phase (DP) steel was welded to a high strength low alloy, a 780 MPa DP, and a 780 MPa transformation induced plasticity steel. The microstructure and mechanical properties were characterised using metallurgical techniques and lap shear and cross-tension testing. The results show that a pullout failure mode with improved mechanical properties is obtained when DP600 is paired with other advanced high strength steels, compared to the DP600 welded to itself, which is prone to interfacial failure and poor mechanical properties, given the same weld size. An in depth comparison of the interfacial to pullout failure transition in similar DP600 and DP780 and dissimilar DP600–DP780 welds was performed. The results show that the interfacial to pullout transition for the DP600–DP780 welds is significantly lower than with DP600 welded to itself. Increased fusion zone strength through dilution with the DP780 promotes button pullout at smaller weld sizes. Furthermore, it was observed that softening in the heat affected zone of DP780 promoted a pullout failure mode in that material.
Towards an automatic classification system for supporting the development of critical reflective skills in L2 learning

This study aimed to develop an automatic classification system, namely ACTIVE, for generating immediate and individualised feedback on students’ reflective entries about their second language (L2) learning experiences. It also aimed to explore students’ attitudes towards using the system to support the development of their reflective skills in L2 learning. A total of 466 undergraduate students took part in the study. One hundred and twenty-seven participants were involved in the development phase, where their reflective entries were manually annotated according to a classification framework for critical reflection on L2 learning, and the annotated entries were then used to develop the ACTIVE system. The remaining participants were asked to generate automated feedback reports on their reflective entries for improvement by using the system. To solicit their views towards the system, the participants were administered an online questionnaire and some of them were also invited to attend a semi-structured interview. The overall results indicate that the classification accuracy of the system is comparable to that of human annotators. They also suggest that both teacher and machine feedback types have strengths and limitations, highlighting the need to further explore the use of multi-channel, multi-layer feedback in improving students’ reflective skills in L2 learning.
Phonon scattering due to van der Waals forces in the lattice thermal conductivity of Bi2Te3 thin films

In this work, we calculate the thermal conductivity of layered bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) thin films by solving the Boltzmann transport equation in the relaxation-time approximation using full phonon dispersion and compare our results with recently published experimental data and molecular dynamics simulation. The group velocity of each phonon mode is readily extracted from the full phonon dispersion obtained from first-principle density-functional theory calculation and is used along with the phonon frequency to compute the various scattering terms. Our model incorporates the typical interactions impeding thermal transport (e.g., umklapp, isotope, and boundary scatterings) and introduces a new interaction capturing the reduction of phonon transmission through van der Waals interfaces of adjacent Bi2Te3 quintuple layers forming the virtual superlattice thin film. We find that this novel approach extends the empirical Klemens-Callaway relaxation model in such anisotropic materials and recovers the experimental anisotropy while using a minimal set of parameters.
Flower Pollination for Rotary Inverted Pendulum Stabilization with Delay

Flower pollination is a single objective optimization technique which as a unconstrained optimization method is applied for the stabilization of the rotary inverted pendulum system. It was observed that the flower pollination method gave better sensitivity in control of the pendulum about its upright unstable equilibrium position with less time and definitely indicated that the method is an energy efficient method when compared with other methods like direct pole placement. This method yielded results under the influence of time delay and have proven that the influence of time delay is significantly felt and would cause loss of energy, however the presence of flower pollination for optimization minimizes the loss incurred due to time delay and makes the system significant in terms of sensitivity.
SEPARABILISATION PROCEDURE AND MAXIMAL REGULARITY APPLIED TO NON AUTONOMOUS CAUCHY PROBLEM

We introduce a different method to deal with some partial stochastic and ordinary differential equations otherwise, mainly in financial mathematics, including the notions of “maximal regularity” and “random process separabilisation” using composition with appropriate random variables or Brownian motion. We have chosen as model, presented at the Introduction, the problem of Asian options, we then connect it to the Cauchy problem in autonomous and non autonomous cases.
Negative Externalities and Equilibrium Existence in Competitive Markets with Adverse Selection

Rothschild and Stiglitz (1976) show that there need not exist a competitive equilibrium in markets with adverse selection. Building on their framework we demonstrate that externalities between agents ? an agent's utility upon accepting a contract depends on the average type attracted by the respective principal ? can solve the equilibrium existence problem, even when the size of the externalities is arbitrarily small. Our result highlights the degree of control a principal has over the attractiveness of his contracts as an important feature for equilibrium existence, thereby offering a new perspective on existing theories of competition in markets with adverse selection.
On the Performance Improvement of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

Among the available solutions to harvest energy from vibrating and nonvibrating sources, piezoelectric bimorphs seem to be a suitable choice because of their capability to directly convert applied strain energy into usable electric power. In this work, we review the techniques adopted to increase the specific power per unit of volume of piezoelectric scavengers. The design goal is to obtain a uniform stress distribution on the piezoelectric layers, in order to exploit the electromechanical energy conversion capability of the whole material. Two approaches are then followed to improve the performance: by designing an optimal shape of the device or by imposing an optimal bending deflection. For both strategies, results from numerical models and experimental tests are compared. 
Influence of design parameters on cogging torque in permanent magnet machines

The influence of various design parameters on the cogging torque developed by permanent magnet machines is investigated. It is shown that the slot and pole number combination has a significant effect on the cogging torque, and influences the optimal value of both the skew angle and the magnet arc, as well as determining the optimal number of auxiliary teeth and slots.
Living in Sin: Legal Integration Under the EC-Turkey Customs Union

The EC and Turkey entered into a formal customs union agreement on December 31, 1995, in the form of Decision 1/95 of the ECTurkey Association Council. The Decision represents the culmination of thirty-two years of association between the EC and Turkey the Community's longest ongoing association. It is also the EC's first substantial functioning customs union with a third state, and is the EC's third attempt to 'share' some of its legal system with other states, following the European Economic Area (EEA) and plans for integration with Eastern Europe. Inevitably, such legal intimacy without formal EC membership entails a complex decision-making and disputesettlement structure that is bound to fall short of that available to members. One is tempted to suggest that the parties to such agreements are 'living in sin'.
Point-by-point reply to issues raised by reviewers and commentators

Shelf and coastal sea processes extend from the atmosphere through the water column and into the sea bed. These processes are driven by physical, chemical, and biological interactions at local scales, and they are influenced by transport and cross strong spatial gradients. The linkages between domains and many different processes are not adequately described in current model systems. Their limited integration level in part reflects lacking modularity and flexibility; this shortcoming hinders the exchange of data and model components and has historically imposed supremacy of specific physical driver models. 5 We here present the Modular System for Shelves and Coasts (MOSSCO, http://www.mossco.de), a novel domain and process coupling system tailored – but not limited – to ::::::::::: tailored—but ::: not :::::::::: limited—to the coupling challenges of and applications in the coastal ocean. MOSSCO builds on the existing coupling technology Earth System Modeling Framework and on the Framework for Aquatic Biogeochemical Models, thereby creating a unique level of modularity in both domain and process coupling; the new framework adds rich metadata, flexible scheduling, configurations that allow several tens of models to be coupled, and 10 tested setups for coastal coupled applications. That way, MOSSCO addresses the technology needs of a growing marine coastal Earth System community that encompasses very different disciplines, numerical tools, and research questions.
Distributional Consequences of Capital Accumulation, Globalisation and Financialisation in the US

In this paper we examine the dynamic contributions of capital accumulation, globalisation, and financialisation to the functional-personal income distribution nexus. We analyse the labour share under the prism of monopoly and frictional growth, and disclose the dramatic upward trend in inequality. On this basis, we estimate a two-equation model for the income distribution in the US over the 1960-2009 period. We show that the labour share is affected positively by capital intensity and negatively by trade, while the Gini statistic is fueled by the falling labour share and increasing financial payments. Using counterfactual simulations, a key finding is that the decrease in capital intensity in the eighties accounted for about 76% of the labour share fall, while its increase in the 2000s prevented inequality from worsening three times more than it actually did. In turn, had financialisation not increased after 2005, inequality would have decreased to its level in the early noughties. In the Great Recession years of tense socioeconomic conditions, looking at income distribution through the lens of the wage-productivity gap could enlighten economic policy.
Tourists' shopping satisfaction in Istanbul's traditional markets

Shopping is rarely the primary reason for traveling; however, once at the destination, shopping is an important activity without which, for many, the tourist experience cannot be considered complete. For tourists, shopping is a good way for experiencing the local culture and for tourism-based local economies shopping is an important earner of hard currency. Moreover, previous studies have shown that the experience tourists have while shopping will be reflected in their evaluation of the place and of the country as a tourist destination. In spite of its significance, tourists’ shopping experience has seldom been researched by academics. Using content analysis of customer reviews posted on Trip Advisor this study will examine shopping satisfaction of tourists visiting Istanbul’ largest traditional market, the Grand Bazaar.
Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) by Trichoderma reesei FS10-C and Effect of Bioaugmentation on an Aged PAH-Contaminated Soil

ABSTRACT The co-metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and the capacity of the fungus Trichoderma reesei FS10-C to bioremediate an aged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soil were investigated. The fungal isolate removed about 54% of B[a]P (20 mg L−1) after 12 days of incubation with glucose (10 g L−1) supplementation as a co-metabolic substrate. Bioaugmented microcosms showed a 25% decrease in total PAH concentrations in soil after 28 days, and the degradation percentages of 3-, 4-, and 5(+6)-ring PAHs were 36%, 35%, and 25%, respectively. In addition, bioaugmented microcosms exhibited higher dehydrogenase (DHA) and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (FDAH) activities and increased average well-color development (AWCD), Shannon-Weaver index (H), and Simpson index (D) significantly. Principal component analysis (PCA) also distinguished clear differentiation between treatments, indicating that bioaugmentation restored the microbiological function of the PAH-contaminated soil. The results suggest that bioaugmentation by T. reesei FS10-C might be a promising bioremediation strategy for aged PAH-contaminated soils.
Fuzzy approach for data association in image tracking

A fuzzy system has been developed to ponder update decisions both for the trajectories and shapes estimated for targets. It is embedded in an A-SMGCS Surveillance function for airport surface, based on video data processing, in charge of the automatic detection, identification and tracking of all interesting targets (aircraft and relevant ground vehicles). The tracking system captures a sequence of images, preprocesses them to extract the moving regions (blobs), and associates the blobs to tracks to estimate the number of targets in the scenario and their parameters. The system was initially built with a set of rules derived from performance analysis, and then a procedure based on neuro-fuzzy techniques was applied to automatically obtain rules from examples. A validation of learned system shows its capability to produce appropriate decisions. Results obtained with real data in representative ground operations show the system capabilities to solve complex scenarios and improve tracking accuracy.