Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategic Insider Trading in Continuous Time: A New Approach

The continuous-time version of Kyle's (1985) model of asset pricing with asymmetric information is studied, and generalized by allowing time-varying noise trading. From rather simple assumptions we are able to derive the optimal trade for an insider; the trading intensity satisfies a deterministic integral equation, given perfect inside information, which we give a closed form solution to. We use a new technique called forward integration in order to find the optimal trading strategy. This is an extension of the stochastic integral which takes account of the informational asymmetry inherent in this problem. The market makers' price response is found by the use of filtering theory. The novelty is our approach, which could be extended in scope.
Earth rotation variations observed by VLBI and the Wettzell “G” ring laser during the CONT17 campaign

Abstract. The VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) technique can provide the full set of parameters needed for the transformation between celestial and terrestrial reference frames with high accuracy. Yet it has some limitations regarding temporal resolution and continuity, and the accuracy of the resulting Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) varies depending on the network geometry. In this work we explore the benefit of combining VLBI observations with the measurements of the large ring laser gyroscope “G” in Wettzell for deriving highly resolved ERP (Earth Rotation Parameters, i.e. polar motion and universal time variations, δUT1). We examine the observations collected by two simultaneously operating VLBI networks during the 15 d of the CONT17 campaign. These two networks, of 14 globally distributed telescopes each, were designed for the estimation of Earth rotation variations, for which reason the resulting hourly ERP are appointed as benchmark in this investigation. To evaluate the advantage of a VLBI and ring laser combined solution, we create degraded versions of the original networks, containing only six stations. The ERP derived from those sparse networks and from the VLBI sparse plus ring laser solutions are then compared in terms of differences to the reference values. It should certainly be considered that these are relative numbers, since they are also determined by the number and selection of the stations remaining in the sparse networks. The root mean square of the difference to the benchmark is reduced by 24 % in case of δUT1 from one network. The polar motion yp component from the same network moves 14 % closer to the reference value due to the inclusion of the ring laser data. The impact on xp and on all ERP from the other network ranges between 2 % and 9 %. The research again confirms the feasibility and also the potential gain of a combined evaluation of VLBI and ring laser observations, but the full capacity of such a sensor fusion will emerge once the ring laser gyroscopes reach a level of accuracy similar to VLBI.
Two-Dimensional Pnictogen for Field-Effect Transistors

Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials hold great promise for various future electronic and optoelectronic devices that traditional semiconductors cannot afford. 2D pnictogen, group-VA atomic sheet (including phosphorene, arsenene, antimonene, and bismuthene) is believed to be a competitive candidate for next-generation logic devices. This is due to their intriguing physical and chemical properties, such as tunable midrange bandgap and controllable stability. Since the first black phosphorus field-effect transistor (FET) demo in 2014, there has been abundant exciting research advancement on the fundamental properties, preparation methods, and related electronic applications of 2D pnictogen. Herein, we review the recent progress in both material and device aspects of 2D pnictogen FETs. This includes a brief survey on the crystal structure, electronic properties and synthesis, or growth experiments. With more device orientation, this review emphasizes experimental fabrication, performance enhancing approaches, and configuration engineering of 2D pnictogen FETs. At the end, this review outlines current challenges and prospects for 2D pnictogen FETs as a potential platform for novel nanoelectronics.
Towards the Transport Protocols of Future Internet

End-to-end congestion control performed by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the main data transfer mechanism of today’s Internet providing reliable communication between hosts. Since the deployment of TCP the Internet has gone through a significant change due to the evolving network technologies and the diversity of applications. This process has led to a heterogeneous environment with complex traffic characteristics raising the demand for working out different TCP versions to achieve better performance in various network conditions. In addition to the traditional congestion control scheme several alternative solutions have also been proposed for reliable transport. However, the current practice of continuous modification and refinement of TCP for specific network environments does not seem to be a viable option, hence there is an increasing need for a more efficient and flexible transport protocol. In this paper we present a survey of the major data transfer mechanisms developed in the last decades, and advocate a possible direction for future research.
Graphene Field-Effect Transistors With High Extrinsic <inline-formula>
                     <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}_{T}$</tex-math>
                  </inline-formula> and <inline-formula>
                     <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}_{\mathrm{max}}$</tex-math>
                  </inl

In this letter, we report on the performance of graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) in which the extrinsic transit frequency ( ${f}_{T}$ ) and maximum frequency of oscillation ( ${f}_{\text {max}}$ ) showed improved scaling behavior with respect to the gate length ( ${L}_{g}$ ). This improvement was achieved by the use of high-quality graphene in combination with successful optimization of the GFET technology, where extreme low source/drain contact resistances were obtained together with reduced parasitic pad capacitances. GFETs with gate lengths ranging from $0.5~\mu \text{m}$ to $\text {2}~\mu \text{m}$ have been characterized, and extrinsic ${f}_{T}$ and ${f}_{\text {max}}$ frequencies of up to 34 and 37 GHz, respectively, were obtained for GFETs with the shortest gate lengths. Simulations based on a small-signal equivalent circuit model are in good agreement with the measured data. Extrapolation predicts extrinsic ${f}_{T}$ and ${f}_{\text {max}}$ values of approximately 100 GHz at ${L}_{g}=\text {50}$ nm. Further optimization of the GFET technology enables ${f}_{\text {max}}$ values above 100 GHz, which is suitable for many millimeter wave applications.
QUANTIFYING THE CONSONANCE OF COMPLEX TONES WITH MISSING FUNDAMENTALS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF ENGINEER

Consonance is one of the more fundamental perceptual criteria in music and sound on which Western music theory is built. It is closely related to the musical intervals, explaining why certain intervals sound better than others. Recently, the concept of tonal consonance has been distinguished from that of musical consonance. Tonal consonance is about consonance or “pleasantness” of tones when sounded together, while musical consonance is about intervals. Tonal consonance appears to be a superset of musical consonance, in that musically consonant intervals are tonally consonant. The “missing fundamental” (or “virtual pitch”) is an interesting psychoacoustical phenomenon. When we hear a set of tones whose frequencies are integer multiples of a fundamental that is missing in the sound, we identify it as a complex tone whose pitch is the missing fundamental frequency. This phenomenon enables producing decent bass sound out of mini-sized speakers. Then the question is, why do we hear something that is not there? This thesis deals with the intersection of tonal consonance and missing fundamental. While trying to explain some data from a psychoacoustical experiment, I had stumbled onto the concept tonal consonance. This work is built upon the earlier work, with the addition of missing fundamental analysis. The work covered in this thesis finds that the consonance of most sound stimuli stayed pretty constant regardless of the loudness level at which they were presented.
Fairness Reactions to Personnel Selection Methods : A Field Study in the Turkish Sample

The current study examines the fairness reactions to 10 personnel selection methods in a sample consists of 240 Turkish university senior students. According to the findings of the study, interviews were the most favorably rated methods among the selection methods, followed by résumés, work-sample tests, honesty tests, and written ability tests. On the contrary, personal contacts, graphology, and personal references were found the least favorable, respectively. Of selection procedures scientific evidence, perceived face validity, and opportunity to perform were the strongest procedural justice dimensions for predicting the process favorability ratings. Findings of the study are compared with the findings of the studies which are using similar methodologies to determine fairness reaction to personnel selection methods in other countries. Also, the impact of demografic factors on process favorability and procedural dimensions were discussed.
Noble Metal Nanoparticles-Based Colorimetric Biosensor for Visual Quantification: A Mini Review

Nobel metal can be used to form a category of nanoparticles, termed noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs), which are inert (resistant to oxidation/corrosion) and have unique physical and optical properties. NMNPs, particularly gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs), are highly accurate and sensitive visual biosensors for the analytical detection of a wide range of inorganic and organic compounds. The interaction between noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs) and inorganic/organic molecules produces colorimetric shifts that enable the accurate and sensitive detection of toxins, heavy metal ions, nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, antibodies, and other molecules. Hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and steric effects of inorganic/organic molecules with NMNPs surface can react or displacing capping agents, inducing crosslinking and non-crosslinking, broadening, or shifting local surface plasmon resonance absorption. NMNPs-based biosensors have been widely applied to a series of simple, rapid, and low-cost diagnostic products using colorimetric readout or simple visual assessment. In this mini review, we introduce the concepts and properties of NMNPs with chemical reduction synthesis, tunable optical property, and surface modification technique that benefit the development of NMNPs-based colorimetric biosensors, especially for the visual quantification. The “aggregation strategy” based detection principle of NMNPs colorimetric biosensors with the mechanism of crosslinking and non-crosslinking have been discussed, particularly, the critical coagulation concentration-based salt titration methodology have been exhibited by derived equations to explain non-crosslinking strategy be applied to NMNPs based visual quantification. Among the broad categories of NMNPs based biosensor detection analyses, we typically focused on four types of molecules (melamine, single/double strand DNA, mercury ions, and proteins) with discussion from the standpoint of the interaction between NMNPs surface with molecules, and DNA engineered NMNPs-based biosensor applications. Taken together, NMNPs-based colorimetric biosensors have the potential to serve as a simple yet reliable technique to enable visual quantification.
The Influence of Mucin-Based Artificial Saliva on Properties of Polycaprolactone and Polylactide

Polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactide (PLA) are the two most common biodegradable polymers with potential use in oral applications. Both polymers undergo mainly slow hydrolytic degradation in the human body. However, specific conditions of the oral cavity, like elevated temperature, low pH, and presence of saliva affect the rate of hydrolysis. The study examined the properties of solid samples of PCL and PLA subjected to degradation in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and artificial saliva (AS) at temperatures of 37 or 42 °C, and pH values 2 or 7.4. A number of tests were performed, including measurement of the degree of swelling, weight loss, molecular weight, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry of polymers, as well as hardness and tensile strength. Additionally, topography and stiffness of surfaces using atomic force microscopy are presented. It has been noticed that in the artificial saliva, the processes of polymer degradation occur slightly more slowly, and the effects of temperature and pH are less pronounced. We believe that a layer of porcine gastric mucin from artificial saliva that adsorbed on the surface of polymers may have a key role in the observed differences; this layer resembles protective mucin coating tissues in the oral cavity.
Exploiting Multilingualism through Multistage Fine-Tuning for Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation

This paper highlights the impressive utility of multi-parallel corpora for transfer learning in a one-to-many low-resource neural machine translation (NMT) setting. We report on a systematic comparison of multistage fine-tuning configurations, consisting of (1) pre-training on an external large (209k–440k) parallel corpus for English and a helping target language, (2) mixed pre-training or fine-tuning on a mixture of the external and low-resource (18k) target parallel corpora, and (3) pure fine-tuning on the target parallel corpora. Our experiments confirm that multi-parallel corpora are extremely useful despite their scarcity and content-wise redundancy thus exhibiting the true power of multilingualism. Even when the helping target language is not one of the target languages of our concern, our multistage fine-tuning can give 3–9 BLEU score gains over a simple one-to-one model.
Preparation and optical properties of CdS/Epoxy nanocomposites

The CdS/Epoxy nanocomposites (5%,20% CdS ratio) were prepared by in situ method using cadmium acetate and thiourea as a source of Cd and S ions to form CdS nanoparticles in epoxy matrix solution. The X-ray diffraction patterns show that crystallinity of the samples was decreased with increase in the CdS ratio in the nanocomposites. The FTIR and the UV-Visible absorption spectra were performed for prepared samples to determine the assignment bands and the absorption edges respectively. The effective mass model has been used to calculate the diameters of the CdS nanoparticles and they were 4.5 and 4.8 nm for 5% and 20% CdS+ Epoxy respectively. The photoluminescence spectra of CdS/Epoxy showed two emission peaks, the first one varies from 470 to 480 nm for 5% and 20% CdS+ Epoxy respectively, due to energy gap variation with particle size, and the second one at 600 nm bears the signature of the red emission (Lambe_Klick model) which could be due to the recombination of electrons trapped at sulfur (S) vacancies with valence-band-free holes.
SMS Spam Detection using Deep Neural Network

- In modern years, the fame of cell phone gadgets has expanded; Short Message Service (SMS) has developedinto a multi-billion dollars business. In the meantime, decreasein the cost of messaging serviceshave brought about development in spontaneous business ads (spams) being sent to cell phones. SMS spams are one of the concerns and a lot ofindividuals do not like to accept them as they are annoying. Many SMS spam discovery techniques already exist and various classifiers like Support Vector machine, NaïveBayes and several other machine learning algorithms were utilized. The existing SMS spam detection methods involves all the features extracted from the SMS spams, causing high false positive rate.To deal with this issue, an involuntary SMS spam detection system is proposed to identifyan efficient set of features using Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM), a deep learning approach. The proposed framework classifies the SMS spam and ham by means of Deep Neural Network (DNN) classifier usingSMS Spams database from UCI Machine Learning repository. Finally the results of proposed deep learning techniques are compared with the existing machine learning algorithms in terms of measures like Accuracy, True Positives, False Positives, etc and achieves higher SMS spam detection rate with low false positive rate.
Medium-term effects of mycorrhizal inoculation and composted municipal waste addition on the establishment of two Mediterranean shrub species under semiarid field conditions

The development of appropriate revegetation techniques is essential to reduce and to remediate the processes of erosion and desertification in semiarid Mediterranean areas. A factorial field experiment was carried out in a degraded semiarid Mediterranean area to assess the effectiveness of composted municipal waste addition to soil, mycorrhizal inoculation with Gl mus intraradicesand the combination of both treatments on the viability, growth and nutrition of Olea europaeaL. subsp.sylvestris andRhamnus lycioides L. , over a 2-year growth period. Six months after planting, only mycorrhizal inoculation of O. europaeasubsp.sylvestrisandR. lycioidesseedlings grown in the soil, with or without addition of composted municipal waste, statistically and significantly increased the shoot biomass and contents of foliar nutrients (N, P and K). During the last 6 months of the growth period, both shrub species displayed sharp increases in the shoot biomass. Two years after planting, the highest increases in the shoot biomass of O. europaeaplants were recorded in the combined treatment of composted municipal waste addition and mycorrhizal inoculation (about 12-fold greater than control plants). The shoot biomass of R. lycioideswas increased by composted municipal waste addition (about 226%) to a greater extent than by mycorrhizal inoculation (about 87%), at the end of the 2-year growth period. For both shrub species, there was a positive statistically significant correlation between shoot biomass, foliar contents of N, P and K and soil aggregate stability. Composted municipal waste addition, mycorrhizal inoculation and, in some cases, the combination of both treatments can be employed as effective tools in programmes using shrub species for revegetation of semiarid areas. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
An Analysis of Irrigation Organizations in Colombia through the Prism of Collective Action

The objective of this article is to deepen the knowledge of collective action in irrigation organizations in Colombia, by identifying the limitations of the members for their organizational work and the variables of context that determine collective behavior. Human and environmental factors have not been sufficiently considered in public irrigation policies, since, in the case of Colombia, these have focused almost exclusively on the physical infrastructure. The methodology develops a qualitative approach based on an ethnographic and quantitative study of the socioeconomic characteristics of irrigation users. The results allow us to affirm that the collective awareness of water is a common good. The vision of the associates about the associative work, the conformation and structuring of the organizations, the nature of the established agreements, and the socio-economic, environmental, and political environment of the organizations studied, are determining factors of their collective action and, therefore, should be taken into account in public policies of associative irrigation.
Do emerging land markets promote forestland? Evidence from Indonesia

This paper empirically examines the emergence and functioning of land markets and their impacts on deforestation in Sumatra, Indonesia. While the evolution of land markets is ex-pected to promote deforestation activities by rural households, we find no sizeable impact, due to two major reasons. First, land transactions occur in cultural and spatial isolation from forest encroachment. Second, the emergence of speculative land markets, which could accel-erate deforestation, is evaded through institutional constraints, primarily weak property rights on land. However, while land markets do not promote deforestation, they also do not deter forestland appropriation, because of ambiguous legal frameworks.
A Simple and Effective Method for Injecting Word-Level Information into Character-Aware Neural Language Models

We propose a simple and effective method to inject word-level information into character-aware neural language models. Unlike previous approaches which usually inject word-level information at the input of a long short-term memory (LSTM) network, we inject it into the softmax function. The resultant model can be seen as a combination of character-aware language model and simple word-level language model. Our injection method can also be used together with previous methods. Through the experiments on 14 typologically diverse languages, we empirically show that our injection method, when used together with the previous methods, works better than the previous methods, including a gating mechanism, averaging, and concatenation of word vectors. We also provide a comprehensive comparison of these injection methods.
8. Remote Sensing Of Vegetation Fires And Its Contribution To A Fire Management Information System

Flasse, Stephane P.; Trigg, Simon N. ; Ceccato, Pietro N. ; Perryman, Anita H. ; Hudak, Andrew T. ; Thompson, Mark W. ; Brockett, Bruce H. ; Drame, Moussa; Ntabeni, Tim; Frost, Philip E. ; Landmann, Tobias; and le Roux, Johan L. , "8. Remote Sensing Of Vegetation Fires And Its Contribution To A Fire Management Information System" (2004). USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications. 189. https://digitalcommons.unl. edu/usdafsfacpub/189
Geoquímica isotópica do chumbo em mineralizações hidrotermais antimoníferas do Sul de Portugal Lead isotope geochemistry in hydrothermal, antimony-bearing miner- alising systems of Southern Portugal

SUMÁRIO A geoquímica isotópica do Pb em antimonites do Maciço Ibérico é consistente com as observações geológicas, indicando que as mineralizações de antimónio reflectem evolução metalogenética polifásica, onde o Pb derivou de diferentes reservatórios durante a tectónica tardi-Varisca. Antimonites das Zonas CI e SP são mais radiogénicas (μ ~10), derivando de reservatórios crustais; as da Zona OM são menos radiogénicas (μ ~ 9.5), incorporando fontes de Pb com valores U/Pb inferiores aos da composição média da crusta regional Varisca.