Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computer Aided Design of Glaucoma Detection

: Glaucoma is a disease of the optic nerve caused by the increase in the intraocular pressure of the eye. Glaucoma mainly affects the optic disc by increasing the cup size. It can lead to the blindness if it is not detected and treated in proper time. The detection of glaucoma through Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Heidelberg Retinal Tomography (HRT) is very expensive. This paper presents a novel method for glaucoma detection using digital fundus images. Digital image processing techniques, such as preprocessing, morphological operations and thresholding, are widely used for the automatic detection of optic disc, blood vessels and computation of the features. We have extracted features such as cup to disc (c/d) ratio, ratio of the distance between optic disc center and optic nerve head to diameter of the optic disc, and the ratio of blood vessels area in inferior-superior side to area of blood vessel in the nasal-temporal side. These features are validated by classifying the normal and glaucoma images using neural network classifier. The results presented in this paper indicate that the features are clinically significant in the detection of glaucoma. Our system is able to classify the glaucoma automatically with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 80% respectively.
Evaluation of Serum Antioxidants during Adjuvant Chemotherapy of Breast Cancer- A Prospective Observational Study

Background: The enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems of the cell prevent oxidant mediated damage to different biomolecules by neutralizing free radicals generated during anticancer drug metabolism. Reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione dependent enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) are the key determinants of cellular response to oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in serum levels of these antioxidants after first cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Material and Methods: Histopathologically proven 60 breast cancer patients were included in the present study. The blood samples were taken after surgery before chemotherapy and after 3 weeks of administration of first cycle of chemotherapy. 30 healthy female controls were selected for comparison. Serum GSH and GST were estimated by spectrophotometric methods and serum GPx was estimated by ELISA. Results: The serum levels of GSH, GST and GPx were significantly decreased (P<0.0001) after first cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients as compare to levels before chemotherapy. A significant positive correlation was found between serum levels of GSH and GST as well as GSH and GPx after first chemotherapy cycle. Conclusion: Our data suggests that administration of chemotherapeutic drugs causes depletion of reduced glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymatic antioxidants such as GST and GPx, which may be due to higher oxidative stress after chemotherapy.
A SVM Based Approach For Reusability Evaluation of Object Oriented Based Software Components

— Software reuse is the process of implementing or updating software systems using existing software assets . The software industry is moving toward large-scale reuse, resulting in savings of time and money. To develop a new system from scratch is very costly. This has made custom software development very expensive. It is generally assumed that the reuse of existing software will enhance the reliability of a new software application. This concept is almost universally accepted because of the obvious fact that a product will work properly if it has already worked before. SVM is a useful technique for data classification. Even though it’s considered that Neural Networks are easier to use than this, however, sometimes unsatisfactory results are obtained. A classification task usually involves with training and testing data which consist of some data instances. Each instance in the training set contains one target values and several attributes. The goal of SVM is to produce a model which predicts target value of data instances in the testing set which are given only the attributes.
A REVIEW ON HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH HELICAL COIL HEAT EXCHANGERS

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.60105 ABSTRACT This study presents a brief review of heat transfer through helical coil heat exchangers. Helical coils of circular cross section have been used in wide variety of applications due to simplicity in manufacturing. Enhancement in heat transfer due to helical coils has been reported by many researchers. While the heat transfer characteristics of double pipe helical heat exchangers are available in the literature, there exists no published experimental or theoretical analysis of a helically coiled heat exchanger considering fluid-to-fluid heat transfer, which is the subject of this work. After validating the methodology of CFD analysis of a heat exchanger, the effect of considering the actual fluid properties instead of a constant value is established. Heat transfer characteristics inside a helical coil for various boundary conditions are compared. It is found that the specification of a constant temperature or constant heat flux boundary condition for an actual heat exchanger does not yield proper modelling. Hence, the heat exchanger is analysed considering conjugate heat transfer and temperature dependent properties of heat transport media.
Institutional Performance of Joranian Public Sector

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the outcome of institutional culture among top management from the institutional performance. Specifically, it aimed at investigating the effect of institution culture on institutional performance in public sector, Jordan. Past studies on the institutional culture are limited only to the management level employees in the Public-sector so the definite focus of this study is to investigate the role of institutional culture and institutional performance among the top management staff of public sector, Jordan. A total number of 152 questionnaires were gathered through survey questionnaire from top management from the main city of Jordan, Amman. The data analyzes were done by using Smart PLS 3.0. The findings of this study designate a significantly positive relationship between institutional culture and institutional performance. The study provides implications for the top management of public sector, Policymakers, and leaders in the public sector, they encouraging the staff to towards institutional culture for better institutional performance. Results stirred on how institutional culture can be used to manage institution strategically.
IN VIVO INVESTIGATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ASTERACANTHA LONGIFOLIANEES. ON CCL INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS

Objectives: This study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical constituents, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective activity of Asteracantha longifolia leaf extract. Methods: Hepatotoxicity was induced in normal albino rats. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) was administered orally at a dosage of 20 mg/kg body weight in physiological saline for 1 day. Group 1 served as Control. Group 2 served as disease control (CCl 20 mg/kg body weight). Group 3 served as animal treated with the aqueous extract A. longifolia (150 mg/kg body weight orally administered for 15 days). Group 4 served as animal treated with the aqueous extract A. longifolia (300 mg/kg body weight orally administered for 15 days). Group 5 served as animal treated with standard silymarin drug (20 mg/kg body weight orally administered for 15 days). After completed the experiment, the liver markers, lipid profile, and antioxidants were analyzed. 4 Results: Phytochemical screening of aqueous extract of A. longifolia leaves indicates the presence of flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, phenol, steroids, alkaloids, quinone, saponin, and coumarin. Supplementation of A. longifolia significantly restored the liver markers, lipid profile, and antioxidant markers on in CCl 4 induced Wistar albino rats. Conclusions: The results of our study showed that A. longifolia possess significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity, probably due to its phytochemicals. Keywords: Asteracantha longifolia, Phytochemicals, Carbon tetrachloride, Antioxidant.
Risk of Myrothecium Roridum Leaf Spot in Local Cucurbitaceous Crops of Pakistan

Apart from agronomic crops, vegetables are a significant source of income for our small land holders as well as for tunnel farmers. There are more than 36 vegetables grown commercially in Pakistan including cucurbits as major food crops of the country [1]. According to Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan [2] area under vegetable cultivation and total production was 265.7thousand ha and 3132.7thousand tons respectively. However, heavy crop losses (20-30% in horticulture crops and 10-15% in agronomic crops) due to disease attacks are hampering the profitability of the national agricultural industry [3]. The real yield potential of these vegetables is far from being probed out and production in the country is not up to the mark when compared with world, vegetable production.
Performance Improvement in MIMO-OFDM System by PAPR Reduction

This paper proposes an advanced MIMO-OFDM reconfigurable architecture along with companding transform. The reconfigurable architecture uses switching algorithm between MIMO diversity and special multiplexing which allows selecting the MIMO configuration and improves the BER. The major drawback of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Many techniques were developed to reduce PAPR. Considering all available PAPR reduction techniques, companding transform is attractive technique for its simplicity. This paper put forward the comparison of two techniques namely exponential companding and nonlinear companding. In this paper evaluation of performance is shown in terms of bit error rate and peak to average power ratio.
Performance evaluation of DWDM system using Semiconductor optical amplifier in the presence of fiber non-linearities

In this paper 16 channels DWDM system at 10Gbps has been investigated with Semiconductor optical amplifier at 0.8 nm channel spacing and the performance has been calculated on the basis of bit error rate, quality factor and optical output power. It is observed that the signal can be transmitted with acceptable BER and Q-factor using Semiconductor optical amplifier at low signal input power of -20dBm upto 243km transmission distance in the presence of fiber non-linearities.
Content Based Image Retrieval using Color, Shape and Texture Extraction Techniques

 Abstract — Images contain information in a very dense and complex form, which a human eye only after years of training can extract and understand. In Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR), visual features such as color, shape and texture are extracted to characterize images. How to extract ideal features that can reflectthe intrinsic content of the images as complete as possible is still a challenging problem. This paper mainly focuses on representing the image in terms of low level features extracted from the image. These low level features primarily constitute colour, shape and texture features. By processing the extracted features instead of the entire image, reduces the memory requirements as well as the computational time required to process the image. Each of the features is represented using one or more feature descriptors. During the retrieval, features and descriptors of the query are compared to those of the images in the database in order to rank each indexed image according to its distance to the query. The distances of the various database images to the query image are sorted in order to calculate the similarity between them. The patterns from the candidates are retrieved from database by comparing the distance of their feature vectors. The CBIR technology has been used in several day-to-day applications such as fingerprint identification, biodiversity information systems, digital libraries, crime prevention, medicine, historical research, biomedical field etc. In this paper the different colour, shape and texture feature extraction techniques have been studied and implemented in order to obtain the desired results. The results also prove that only colour, shape or texture features are insufficient to describe the entire image, and thus a combination of two or more feature extraction techniques is required to obtain best results.
To Assess the Compliance of Monitoring Metabolic Symptoms Associated with Antipsychotics in an Inpatient Setting in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan

Mental health problems like schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder and use of second generation antipsychotics (SGA) are linked to the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The purpose of our study was to determine the level of compliance to monitoring metabolic symptoms associated with second generation antipsychotics according to the standards of NICE guidelines. Secondly, we aim to develop a workable standardized protocol. A total of 385 patients admitted to psychiatric ward from February 2015-January 2016 were included in the study. Case files were reviewed to obtain relevant clinical information. Assessment of height, weight, pulse, blood pressure, movement disorders, level of physical activity and nutritional status were measured in all patients. Fasting blood glucose was measured in 99 (26.5%), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in 39 (10.4%), blood lipid profile in 44 (11.8%) and prolactin in 3 (0.8%) patients. Less than half of the patients (118, 31.6%) underwent ECG investigation. Slow titration of medication (331, 88.5%) and a trial at optimum dosage (343, 81.7%) were routinely seen. Overall physical health and patient well-being was recorded in the majority of subjects (310, 82. 9%). A significant number of physical and biochemical parameters were not routinely monitored. Our study reports findings consistent with previous literature. With this we hope to highlight important concerns and make recommendations, especially in country like Pakistan where these monitoring systems are non-existing. This will not only reduce the risk of a number of complications secondary to antipsychotic medications, but will also improve patient adherence and compliance to the pharmacological treatment.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nano Particles using Plant Extracts in Semi- Hydrogel Networks of Poly(acrylamide) and Carbohydrates, Characterization and Biomedical Applications

The preparation of silver nanoparticles on the nanometer scale by green synthesis have attracted considerable attention due to its widespread application in biomedical field. In the present investigation, we report the preparation of semi interpenetrating hydrogel networks (SIHNs) based on cross-linked poly (acrylamide) prepared through an optimized rapid redox-solution polymerization with N,N' Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in presence of Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Silver nanoparticles have been obtained with hydrogel networks as nanoreactors via insitu reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) using Azadirachta Indica (Neem) plant extract under atmospheric conditions. A systematic characterization of silver nanoparticles was performed using ultraviolet visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, FTIR, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The antibacterial activity was investigated for the synthesized hydrogel-silver nanocomposite. Keywords-silver nanoparticles; green synthesis; carboxymethylcellulose; hydrogel; nanocomposites
Pre Processing Techniques for Arabic Documents Clustering

Clustering of text documents is an important technique for documents retrieval. It aims to organize documents into meaningful groups or clusters. Preprocessing text plays a main role in enhancing clustering process of Arabic documents. This research examines and compares text preprocessing techniques in Arabic document clustering. It also studies effectiveness of text preprocessing techniques: term pruning, term weighting using (TF-IDF), morphological analysis techniques using (root-based stemming, light stemming, and raw text), and normalization. Experimental work examined the effect of clustering algorithms using a most widely used partitional algorithm, K-means, compared with other clustering partitional algorithm, Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. Comparison between the effect of both Euclidean Distance and Manhattan similarity measurement function was attempted in order to produce best results in document clustering. Results were investigated by measuring evaluation of clustered documents in many cases of preprocessing techniques. Experimental results show that evaluation of document clustering can be enhanced by implementing term weighting (TF-IDF) and term pruning with small value for minimum term frequency. In morphological analysis, light stemming, is found more appropriate than root-based stemming and raw text. Normalization, also improved clustering process of Arabic documents, and evaluation is enhanced.
Review of Different DC to DC Converters Based for Renewable Energy Applications

Now days, a huge problem in many countries is the power storage. This problem occurs because of the high load which is cannot be covered by the conventional energy power generation. This leads to search for new sources of energy to extract electric power from it. DC to DC converters are a good solution to this problem in order to increase the power conversion efficiency. In this paper five types of nonisolated DC to DC converters are presented which are Buck boost converter, Cuk converter, SEPIC converter, Positive output super left Luo converter and Ultra life Luo converter. The performance of non-isolated converters is evaluated based on the results to determine the best converter that is match with renewable energy.
ANALYSIS OF TRIANGULAR SLOT MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR MULTIBAND APPLICATIONS

A triangular slot is introduced at the upper edge of the patch to reduce the resonant frequency a small piece of triangular patch is grown within the triangular slot to improve the gain bandwidth performance of the patch and ground plane. Patch antennas have narrow bandwidth and the improvement of bandwidth is essential for most applications. The antenna parameters like Return loss, VSWR, Radiation pattern are verified and stimulated on CST Microwave Studio.
Design Approach towards High Performance Memory of 6 Transistors SRAM Cell Using 45nm CMOS Technology

: Semiconductor memory arrays capable of storing large quantities of digital information are essential to all digital systems. The amount of memory required in a particular system depends on the type of application, but, in general, the number of transistors utilized for the information (data) storage function is much larger than the number of transistors used in logic operations and for other purposes. The ever-increasing demand for larger data storage capacity has driven the fabrication technology and memory development towards more compact design rules and, consequently, toward higher data storage densities. The trend towards higher memory density and larger storage capacity will continue to push the leading edge of digital system design. The Microwind 3.1 software will allow designing and simulating an integrated circuit at physical description level. The main novelties related to the 45 nm technology are the high-k gate oxide, metal gate and very low-k interconnect dielectric. The effective gate length required for 45 nm technology is 25nm. Low Power (0.211mwatt), high speed static RAM area efficient chip is designed using 45 nm
FORMULATION AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF SELF EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF FUROSEMIDE

The aim of the present study was to enhance the solubility and dissolution of poor water soluble drug Furosemide by formulating into Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery System. Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS) possess unparalleled potential in improving oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. Self-emulsifying formulations are isotropic mixtures of drug, lipids (natural or synthetic oils) and emulsifiers (solid or liquid), usually with one or more of hydrophilic co-solvents/co-emulsifiers. Following their oral administration, these systems rapidly disperse in gastrointestinal fluids, yielding micro or nano emulsions containing the solubilized drug. The solubility of Furosemide was determined in various vehicles such as Water, Tween 80, Tween 20, Oleic Acid, Sunflower Oil, PEG 400 and Glycerol. Furosemide was found to be more soluble in Tween 80 (Emulsifier), PEG 400 (Co-surfactant) and Oleic Acid (Oil) and was selected to formulate SEDDS. Sixteen different formulations varying the proportion of Oleic Acid, Tween 80 and PEG 400 were prepared. Effects of lipids and surfactants on physical properties of SEDDS such as in vitro emulsification efficiency in terms of selfemulsification time, emulsion droplet size, percent transmittance and dissolution profile were measured. From the evaluations it was observed that the higher proportion of surfactant (Tween 80) significantly increased dissolution of Furosemide while decreasing emulsion droplet size and emulsification time. The SEDDS formulation of Furosemide showed faster and better release profile than market conventional tablets of Furosemide.
Campylobacter in Poultry: Species Emergence, Pathogenesis and Antibiotic-Resistance Prevalence

Members of the genus Campylobacter are Gram-negative bacteria, microaerophilic which colonize the mucosal surfaces of the intestinal tracts of humans and animals. Many Campylobacter species belonging to this group are known pathogens in humans and animals and they are one of the most commonly reported causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in the worldwide. The aim of this review is to describe the principals physiological, biochemical traits of genus and the methods used for isolation, identification and detection of Campylobacter species and related organisms from food, and primarily poultry products. The relationship between the emergence and prevalence of antibiotic-resistance of Campylobacter spp. , strains found in poultry problems in developed and developing countries and possible transmission to humans are also analyzed.
A Survey on Intelligent and Effective Intrusion Detection system using Machine Learning Algorithm

- A system Network intrusion discovery framework (NIDS) helps the system admin to identify network security breaks in their own association. Nonetheless, numerous difficulties emerge while building up an intelligent and effective NIDS for unexpected and capricious attacks. In recent years, one of the foremost focuses inside NIDS studies has been the application of machine learning knowledge of techniques. Proposed work present a novel deep learning model to enable NIDS operation within modern networks. The model shows a combination of deep learning, capable of correctly analyzing a wide-range of network traffic. Moreover, additionally proposes novel deep learning classification display built utilizing feature extraction techniques. The performance evaluated network intrusion detection analysis dataset, particularly KDD CUP dataset.