Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Water Stress on Grain Yield and Physiological Characters of Quinoa Genotypes

Climate change scenarios predict that an extended period of drought is a real threat to food security, emphasizing the need for new crops that tolerate these conditions. Quinoa is the best option because it has the potential to grow under water deficit conditions. There is considerable variation in drought tolerance in quinoa genotypes, and the selection of drought-tolerant quinoa germplasms is of great interest. The main goal of this work is to evaluate the crop yield and characterize the physiology of 20 quinoa genotypes grown under water deficit in a wirehouse. The experiment was a complete randomized design (CRD) factorial with three replications. Seedling growth, i.e., fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), relative growth rate of root length (RGR-RL), shoot length (RGR-SL), and physiological performance, i.e., chlorophyll content (a and b), carotenoid, leaf phenolic content, leaf proline content, membrane stability index (MSI), and leaf K+ accumulation were evaluated in a hydroponic culture under different water-deficit levels developed by PEG 6000 doses (w/v) of 0% (control), 0.3%, and 0.6%. Yield attributes were evaluated in a pot at three different soil moisture levels, as determined by soil gravimetric water holding capacity (WHC) of 100 (control), 50% WHC (50 % drought stress) and 25% WHC (75% stress). In both experiments, under the water stress condition, the growth (hydroponic study) and yield traits (pot study) were significantly reduced compared to control treatments. On the drought tolerance index (DTI) based on seed yield, genotype 16 followed by 10, 1, 4, 5, 7, and 12 could be considered drought-tolerant genotypes that produced maximum grain yield and improved physiological characteristics under severe water stress conditions in hydroponic culture. In both studies, genotypes 3, 8, 13, and 20 performed poorly and were considered drought-sensitive genotypes with the lowest DTI values under water-stressed conditions. All the studied agronomic traits (grain yield, root and shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weights) and physiological traits (leaf phenolic, proline content, carotenoid, K+ accumulation, membrane stability index, and relative water content) were firmly inter-correlated and strongly correlated with DTI. They can be regarded as screening criteria, employing a large set of quinoa genotypes in a breeding program.
Measurement of Adult Human Brain Responses to Breath Holding by Multi-Distance Hyperspectral Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

A major limitation of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is its high sensitivity to the scalp and low sensitivity to the brain of adult humans. In the present work we use multi-distance hyperspectral NIRS (hNIRS) to investigate the optimal source-detector distances, range of wavelengths, and analysis techniques to separate cerebral responses to 30-s breath holds (BHs) from the responses in the superficial tissue layer in healthy adult humans. We observed significant responses to BHs in the scalp hemodynamics. Cerebral responses to BHs were detected in the cytochrome C oxidase redox (rCCO) at 4 cm without using data from the short-distance channel. Using the data from the 1 cm channel in the two-layer regression algorithm showed that hemodynamic and rCCO responses also occurred at 3cm. We found that the waveband 700-900 nm was optimal for the detection of cerebral responses to BHs in adults.
Small-Scale Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Environmental Remote Sensing: Challenges and Opportunities

Although potential applications abound, small-scale unmanned aerial vehicles have not yet been widely used for environmental remote sensing. Several challenges remain to be overcome until widespread adoption is possible. One problem is the challenge inherent in flying fragile small-scale aircraft with low weight limits and narrow center of gravity tolerances. Other challenges include: (1) the hostile natural environment in which the aircraft fly; (2) the limits of on-board power; (3) the paucity of commercially available sensors; (4) the difficulties involved in managing and analyzing the large imagery volume generated during a sortie; and (5) the federal regulations in the United States designed to ensure the safety of commercial and private air travel. Each of these challenges is formidable, and overcoming them will require the use of technologies that are currently experimental. However, within each challenge are opportunities for researchers willing to act as innovative pioneers in the remote sensing community.
The effect of raw pearl millet flour inclusion on the quality and formulation cost of beef sausages

This study investigated the sensory, nutritional, and physicochemical characteristics as well as formulation cost of beef sausages formulated with raw pearl millet flour (RaPMF) as an extender. Four treatments were formulated with 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% RaPMF. Ash, carbohydrate, fat, and protein contents of the beef sausages were not influenced (p <0.05) by the RaPMF. The calcium, magnesium, potassium, and pH contents were highest (p <0.05) in the 15% RaPMF beef sausages. Cooking loss was at least (p <0.05) for the 15% RaPMF beef sausages. Formulation of beef sausages with RaPMF did not affect (p >0.05) the sensory properties (week 1), water holding capacity, peroxide value, lightness (week 1), and yellowness (week 1). The formulation cost was least for 15% RaPMF beef sausages and highest for 0% RaPMF beef sausages. As a general conclusion, RaPMF improved the mineral composition of the beef sausages and reduced production costs without compromising its physicochemical and sensory properties.
Oxygen‐alloyed poly‐Si passivating contacts for high‐thermal budget c‐Si heterojunction solar cells

Crystalline silicon solar cells with passivating contacts based on doped poly‐Si exhibit high optical parasitic losses. Aiming at minimizing these losses, we developed the oxygen‐alloyed poly‐Si (poly‐SiOx) as suitable material for passivating contacts. From passivation point of view, poly‐SiOx layers show excellent passivation quality and carrier selectivity for both n‐type (iVOC,flat = 740 mV, contact resistance ρc = 0.7 mΩ/cm2, iVOC,textured = 723 mV) and p‐type (iVOC,flat = 709 mV, ρc = 0.5 mΩ/cm2). Optically, due to the incorporation of oxygen, the absorption coefficient of poly‐SiOx becomes much lower than that of doped poly‐Si at long wavelength. Both n‐type and p‐type poly‐SiOx layers are concurrently deployed in front/back‐contacted (FBC) solar cells with a front indium tin oxide (ITO) layer to facilitate the lateral transport of carriers and minimize cell's reflection. A high cell FF of 83.5% obtained in double‐side flat FBC solar cell indicates an efficient carrier collection by these passivating contacts. An active‐area cell efficiency of 21.0% featuring JSC,EQE = 39.7 mA/cm2 is obtained in front‐side textured poly‐SiOx FBC cell, with the potential of further improvement in both VOC and FF. The optical advantage of poly‐SiOx over poly‐Si as passivating contact is also observed with a 19.7% interdigitated back‐contacted (IBC) solar cell endowed with poly‐SiOx emitter and back surface field. Compared to the reference 23.0% IBC solar cell with poly‐Si passivating contacts, the one based on poly‐SiOx passivating contacts shows higher IQE at wavelengths above 1100 nm. This indicates that for both FBC and IBC cells, poly‐SiOx passivating contacts hold potential in enhancing the cell JSC by maximizing the cell spectral response.
A solution for transverse load degradation in ITER Nb3Sn CICCs: verification of cabling effect on Lorentz force response

We present the latest results of the novel model for transverse electromagnetic load optimization (TEMLOP) especially developed for the ITER type of cable-in-conduit conductors (CICCs). The Nb3Sn CICCs for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) showed a substantial degradation in their performance correlated with increasing electromagnetic load. Not only do the differences in the thermal contraction of the composite materials affect the critical current (Ic) and temperature margin, but electromagnetic forces cause a significant transverse strand contact and bending strain in the Nb3Sn layers, resulting in localized filament cracking and permanent degradation. The most essential feature of the a priori TEMLOP predictions presented in May 2006 is that the severe degradation in CICCs can be improved greatly and straightforwardly by increasing the pitch length in subsequent cabling stages and by reducing the void fraction. These corrective measures give more support to the strands, sufficiently reduce the strain, and therefore avoid filament damage at the strand crossover points in the cables. It was the first time that an increase of the cable twist pitches has been proposed and no experimental evidence was available at that time. A full-size European prototype TF conductor sample (TFPRO-2), manufactured in autumn 2006, was adapted according to this new insight and tested in April 2007 in SULTAN for experimental validation of the predictions. The results were outstanding: for the first time an Nb3Sn CICC conductor achieved the performance that can be expected based on the single-strand properties, with high n value and no sign of degradation. As input, besides the cable properties, the model directly uses the measured data from single strands under uni-axial stress and strain, periodic bending and contact loads. The recent test results of the ITER OST strands used for the manufacture of the TFPRO-2 obtained with the TARSIS set-up are presented. With these most recent strand results, the model substantiates that not only strand bending is causing degradation but, depending on the strand and cable layout, the strand contact stress can also play a critical role. TEMLOP demonstrates that the twist pitch scheme and void fraction, of the proposed ITER reference TF conductor layout with a first-stage triplet twist pitch of 45 mm, turns out to be practically a worst-case scenario. It is also shown that shorter pitches can lead to an improvement but this requires more Nb3Sn material per metre composite conductor. However, it has been experimentally proven now that the proposed changes recover the ITER TF conductor operational margin up to the expected strand performance. The ITER TF conductor specification is being adapted now and it becomes possible to gain significant savings on the strand design, as degradation no longer needs to be compensated for.
Residents’ pro-tourism behaviour in a time of COVID-19

Abstract Given the expediency with which some U.S. governors have reopened their states to tourists, this research focuses on residents’ responses to pro-tourism behaviour within the State of Georgia—one such state where contentious perspectives have been voiced. This work tests a social exchange model which includes four potential predictors of residents’ pro-tourism behaviour. Eight of the 11 proposed model hypotheses were supported. Though perceived risk of COVID-19 was not a significant predictor, perceived positive and negative tourism impacts were the strongest. Local and state destination marketing organizations will be best served in applying our findings in efforts to continually monitor residents’ perspectives as more individuals receive the COVID-19 vaccination.
Biopharmaceutical Characterisation - Considering Key Questions

Answer: A comprehensive understanding of the chemical structure, physical and biological properties, impurity profile and degradation pathways is an absolute requirement prior to the marketing of any drug substance. In contrast to small molecule drugs, biopharmaceuticals are large, complex entities, often comprising of multiple disulphide-bridged proteins. In general, they are heterogeneous as a consequence of both the biosynthetic processes used and the subsequent manufacturing and storage of the products. It is these microheterogeneities, together with the co- and post-translational modifications to the expected gene-derived protein sequence which require detection, identification and monitoring. A previous article has examined the use of MS in the analysis of post-translational modifications (PTMs) and lists some of the more common
Traditional Theories for Cross-Cultural Adaptation: Revisiting Their Current Applicability on the Transition of Mexican Postgraduate Students to Life in the UK

Employing traditional approaches for cross-cultural adjustment, this paper presents findings from a qualitative case study about the early adaptation of Mexican international students pursuing a postgraduate degree at a British university during the 2016-2017 academic calendars. Data was collected from 15 participants using focus groups and interviews during their third and fourth week of stay. In consonance with empirical evidence (Brown 2008; Schartner 2014), findings revealed that the participants’ feelings within the initial stage of their arrival were not associated with those of “the honeymoon”, but were associated with those of “the crisis” stage (Oberg 1960). Nonetheless, evidence suggests the students, particularly those without previous experience abroad, did go through a “honeymoon” period, which took place prior to the sojourners departure. The implications of these findings for a holistic understanding of the international experience are discussed.
Performance enhancement and evaluation of deep dry etching on a production cluster platform

Over the last 5 years, deep dry etching of silicon has developed into a mainstream microsystems process technology. To transition from R&D into production, some of the main issues to address are the CoO (cost of ownership), reliability and reproducibility of capital equipment. Commensurate with this, it is essential to achieve high etch rates with good profile control. MICROSPECT (Microsystems Production Evaluated Cluster Tool), a project within the EC SEA programme, has sought to address these issues. The project has evaluated and significantly enhanced the performance of STS ASE modules for deep dry etching on an ASPECTHR production cluster platform. The development phase of the project has provided an ideal opportunity for the equipment supplier to test and respond to feedback on the tool and the latest hardware and software developments with multiple end users, including a new high density inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source. This has resulted in higher etch rates for greater throughput and improved profile control across a variety of applications, including silicon-on-insulator (SOI)-based MEMS and microfluidics. During the evaluation phase, the system was operated under close-to-production conditions to establish system reliability and metrics.
High efficiency microwave rectenna circuit: modelling and design

An equivalent circuit approach used for the modelling of a system consisting of an antenna and an RF/DC rectifying circuit (rectenna) is presented. It is shown that using this approach, no electromagnetic simulation tool is required for the simulation and optimisation of the overall circuit. The realised rectenna operates at 2.45 GHz, and shows very good agreement between the predicted efficiency using the presented model (about 75 ) and the measured one.
The use of videogames as digital leisure among people with autism spectrum disorder

espanolEl ocio digital, y en concreto los videojuegos, estan cada vez mas afianzados en todos los segmentos de la sociedad. Hacer un uso adecuado de ellos implica un desafio para los usuarios, familias y profesionales. En el presente estudio se aborda de manera especifica el uso que las personas con Trastornos del Espectro Autista hacen de este tipo de entretenimiento y se presentan una serie de recomendaciones que toman en cuenta las caracteristicas de esta poblacion. Para ello, se elaboro un cuestionario ad hoc y se administro a 67 personas con TEA de diferentes edades. Los resultados reflejan que los videojuegos son un tipo de juego muy popular entre las personas con TEA, se perciben como muy atractivos y motivadores y pueden ayudar a reducir los niveles de ansiedad. Entre los aspectos no deseados, se pueden destacar los problemas fisicos derivados del uso de videojuegos y los problemas de adiccion y aislamiento que puede provocar su uso continuado. La amplia aceptacion de este tipo de ocio entre las personas con TEA exige nuevos estudios de caracter cualitativo para el analisis de las variables relevantes. EnglishDigital leisure and specifically videogames are increasingly entrenched in all segments of society. Making appropriate use of them implies a challenge for users, families, and professionals. In the present study, the use that people with Autism Spectrum Disorders make of this sort of entertainment is specifically approached, and a series of recommendations are presented that take the characteristics of this population into account. A questionnaire was prepared ad hoc for data-collection purposes and administered to 67 people with ASD of different ages. The results reflect that videogames are a very popular type of game among people with ASD, are perceived as highly attractive and motivating and can help to lower anxiety levels. Among the undesired aspects, the physical problems arising from the use of videogames may be highlighted, and the problems of addiction and isolation that their continual use can provoke. The widespread acceptance of this type of leisure among people with ASD calls for new studies of a qualitative nature for the analysis of the relevant variables.
The Digital Signal Processing Algorithm Implemented on ARM Embedded System

Digital Signal Processing technology is an important tool for modern signal processing. The speedy development ARM embedded processor has powerful computed capability for digital signal processing algorithms. The paper provides a common hardware platform in recent years. In this paper, used assemble language to realize the algorithms and FIR Filter based on ARM-Linux embedded environment. The results shown that the ARM can quickly and efficiently complete a series of digital signal processing algorithms. Digital signal processing algorithm on ARM embedded system provides an effective way.
The PEER-Lifelines Validation of Software used in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis

Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) has become a fundamental tool in assessing seismic hazards and for estimating seismic design and seismic safety evaluation ground motions both on a site-specific basis for important and critical facilities and a national scale for building codes. A project to test and validate the numerical approaches and software used in PSHA was performed through sponsorship of the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center's Lifeline Program. A Working Group was organized and each member tested their own computer code in two sets of tests. Through several iterations, all codes were tested and acceptable answers were established either through analytical solutions or as the consensus answer from the test case results. The validation tests will be made available to any PSHA code developer/user worldwide through publications and the PEER website. The test cases will be used as a standard validation for all PSHA codes to be used in projects for the PEER Lifeline Program sponsors, which include the California Department of Transportation (CALTRANS), Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG&E), and the California Energy Commission (CEC).
Human computer interface with online brute force feature selection

Biosignal based human computer interfaces (HCI) become increasingly relevant for assistive, rehabilitation, or entertainment purposes. Practical systems need a continuous recalibration of feature and classifier settings from beginning of the session. Our long-term objective is the development of a versatile pattern recognition subsystem for HCI applications with automatic calibration for different kinds of biosignals. In this study the feasibility of an online brute force feature selection was examined and initially tested with electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain computer interface (BCI) data. Five of six subjects could control a synchronous two-class driving game within 80 trials. The algorithm found suitable features and linear classifiers in parallel to the running experiment. Applied to the BCI Competition IV data set 2b the method reaches appropriate accuracies. The presented strategy is relevant for systems on demand, because it makes it possible to avoid long lasting offline calibration procedures and to provide an environment with a single start button. Some exploratory tests revealed evidence for working with other biosignals as well.
Simulation Analysis of Isolation about Spray Boom

In order to attenuate the deformation of spray boom, a finite element model built based on ANSYS, according to the reasults of numerical modal analysis and modal texting, the reliability of the finite element model was affirmed. Then, an isolator was introduced between spray boom and frame, a frame-isolator-spray boom model was built in ADAMS. The effect of the isolators which have different parameters was research, the reasult shows: The isolator has much effect on attenuating spray booms deformation, the stiffness of isolators spring dampers has little effect on spray booms deformation, but the damping of isolators spring dampers has effect on spray booms deformation.
Electroencephalography based imagined alphabets classification using spatial and time‐domain features

Imagined speech is a neuro‐paradigm that can provide an alternative communication channel for patients in a locked‐in syndrome state. We have performed an experiment in which a 32 channel industry‐standard electroencephalography (EEG) device was used to record 26 imagined English alphabets from 13 subjects. We denoised the imagined signals by discrete wavelet transform and extracted the spatial filters by common spatial pattern method, and time‐domain features. Spatial features when classified with linear support vector machine, and time‐domain features classified by random forest gave the best results. Alpha, beta, and theta bands could classify imagined alphabets better than other bands and had average classification accuracies of 88.59%, 87.39%, and 88.97%, respectively by using spatial features and 81.88%, 76.72%, and 79.25%, respectively, by time‐domain features. The grand average accuracies of all the 26 alphabets in six EEG frequency bands was found to be 77.97% in a subject independent binary classification framework.
The Intermediary Role of Work Engagement in The Effect of Paternalist Leadership on Positive Voice Behavior

The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of paternalistic leadership on positive voice and the mediating role of work engagement in this effect. The research data were collected by electronic questionnaire method and the questionnaire was applied to 402 healthcare workers who agreed to participate in the study. IBM SPSS 25 program and Process Macro v3.4 version developed by Hayes (2018) were used for the analysis of the data. Bootstrap regression analysis was conducted to test the mediating effect of work engagement on the effect of paternalist leadership on positive voice. As a result of the analysis, it was found that paternalist leadership and work engagement had a significant and positive indirect effect of 19.19% on positive vocal behavior (b = 0.1919, 95% CI [0.1344, 0.2565]). As a result of the research, it was found that as the paternalistic leadership behavior of health managers increased, the positive voicemaking behavior of healthcare professionals increased, and this increase was mediated by work engagement.