Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Childhood overweight and obesity at the start of primary school: External validation of pregnancy and early-life prediction models

Tackling the childhood obesity epidemic can potentially be facilitated by risk-stratifying families at an early-stage to receive prevention interventions and extra support. Using data from the Born in Bradford (BiB) cohort, this analysis aimed to externally validate prediction models for childhood overweight and obesity developed as part of the Studying Lifecourse Obesity PrEdictors (SLOPE) study in Hampshire. BiB is a longitudinal multi-ethnic birth cohort study which recruited women at around 28 weeks gestation between 2007 and 2010 in Bradford. The outcome was body mass index (BMI) ≥91st centile for overweight/obesity at 4–5 years. Discrimination was assessed using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). Calibration was assessed for each tenth of predicted risk by calculating the ratio of predicted to observed risk and plotting observed proportions versus predicted probabilities. Data were available for 8003 children. The AUC on external validation was comparable to that on development at all stages (early pregnancy, birth, ~1 year and ~2 years). The AUC on external validation ranged between 0.64 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62 to 0.66) at early pregnancy and 0.82 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.84) at ~2 years compared to 0.66 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.67) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.84) on model development in SLOPE. Calibration was better in the later model stages (early life ~1 year and ~2 years). The SLOPE models developed for predicting childhood overweight and obesity risk performed well on external validation in a UK birth cohort with a different geographical location and ethnic composition.
Increased Amygdala Activity Associated With Cognitive Reappraisal Strategy in Functional Neurologic Disorder

Cognitive reappraisal is an emotion regulation strategy to reduce the impact of affective stimuli. This regulation could be incomplete in patients with functional neurologic disorder (FND) resulting in an overflowing emotional stimulation perpetuating symptoms in FND patients. Here we employed functional MRI to study cognitive reappraisal in FND. A total of 24 FND patients and 24 healthy controls employed cognitive reappraisal while seeing emotional visual stimuli in the scanner. The Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) was used to evaluate concomitant psychopathologies of the patients. During cognitive reappraisal of negative IAPS images FND patients show an increased activation of the right amygdala compared to normal controls. We found no evidence of downregulation in the amygdala during reappraisal neither in the patients nor in the control group. The valence and arousal ratings of the IAPS images were similar across groups. However, a subgroup of patients showed a significant higher account of extreme low ratings for arousal for negative images. These low ratings correlated inversely with the item “anxiety” of the SCL-90-R. The increased activation of the amygdala during cognitive reappraisal suggests altered processing of emotional stimuli in this region in FND patients.
Central Bank Digital Currency in an Open Economy

We examine the open-economy implications of the introduction of a central bank digital currency (CBDC). We add a CBDC to the menu of monetary assets available in a standard two-country DSGE model and consider a broad set of alternative technical features in CBDC design. We analyse the international transmission of standard monetary policy and technology shocks in the presence and absence of a CDBC and the implications for optimal monetary policy and welfare. The presence of a CBDC amplifies the international spillovers of shocks to a significant extent, thereby increasing international linkages. But the magnitude of these effects depends crucially on CBDC design and can be significantly dampened if the CBDC possesses specific technical features. We also show that domestic issuance of a CBDC increases asymmetries in the international monetary system by reducing monetary policy autonomy in foreign economies.
The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on social network sites use, body image disturbances and self-esteem among adolescents and young women

This study aimed to determine the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on social network sites (SNS) use and to explore whether SNS use is associated with body image disturbances and low self-esteem. A total of 2601 women living in Spain aged 14-35 years completed questionnaire measures of SNS use, self-esteem, body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness. In the survey, participants were asked about their use of SNS at the moment of answering the survey and before lockdown. A statistically significant increase was found in the frequency of use of all studied SNS (Instagram, YouTube, TikTok, Twitter and Facebook) during lockdown, as well as in the number of women following appearance-focused Instagram accounts. Moreover, significant relationships were found between the frequency of Instagram use and body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness and low self-esteem in the younger age group (14-24), and between the frequency of Instagram use and drive for thinness in the older age group (25-35). Following appearance-focused accounts on Instagram was related to body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness in the younger group, and only to drive for thinness in the older group (25-35). Following appearance-focused accounts on Instagram and a higher frequency of use of Instagram significantly predicted higher levels of drive for thinness. These results suggest that lockdown has had an impact on SNS use, and this might be linked to increased drive for thinness and eating disorder risk among adolescents and young women.
Molecular beam deposition and characterization of thin organic films on metals for applications in organic electronics

The deposition of organic thin films on metal substrates using molecular beam deposition will be reviewed with a special emphasis on molecules which exhibit high charge carrier mobilities and are thus suited to be used as organic semiconductors (OSCs), namely pentacene, rubrene and perylene. Special emphasis will be on aspects of organic molecular beam deposition (OMBD) relevant for the device performance in organic field effect transistors (OFETs), in particular with regard to avoiding or minimizing structural defects at support/OSC interfaces. In addition, another aspect governing – and often limiting – charge injection at electrodes into an OSC, electronic level alignment at molecule/metal interfaces, will be discussed in the context of recent accurate ab‐initio electronic structure calculations. Finally, we will present a novel experimental approach to determine charge transport properties of defect‐free, nm‐sized OSCs where extrinsic contributions to e.g. charge carrier mobilities can be strictly excluded, thus opening the way towards the determination of true intrinsic OSC properties. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Predicting Freeboard Heat Transfer by Using Empirical Correlations in High Temperature Fluidized Beds (23)

This article is suggesting some empirical correlations to calculate the freeboard entrainment heights and the average heat transfer coefficients for a horizontal tube over the freeboard region of high temperature fluidized bed combustors. The correlations are tested against some published experimental measurements for silica sand 465 μm and limestone 1,400 μm diameters in fluidized beds for temperatures up to 750°C. The height of a fluidized bed over the static bed is defined as the entrainment height; first a correlation is used to calculate the entrainment heights in order to determine the extent of the freeboard region at different bed temperatures and gas velocities. The heat transfer occurs by radiation, gas convection, and particle contact mechanisms in a high temperature fluidized bed combustor. Contribution of these heat transfer mechanisms to the overall heat transfer is described in detail over the freeboard region of fluidized beds by using empirical correlations. These correlations can be used to calculate the heat transfer characteristics in the design of fluidized bed combustors. The relative contribution of radiation increases with increasing freeboard elevation and approaches a constant fraction of the total average heat transfer.
Effect of iron bicrystal orientation on mechanical properties and dislocation density using molecular dynamics simulations of nanoindentation

Abstract This study concerns the effect of bicrystal spatial orientation on the iron Σ5 boundary under nanoindentation tests. The orientation of the bicrystal is changed relative to the indenter by the parameter “nanoindentation angle” to create dislocation collisions with grain boundary in different directions and to determine the possibility of transmission of these dislocations through the grain boundary. Simulations were carried out for nanoindentation angles between −90° and 90° with a resolution of 18°. Molecular dynamics with EAM atomic potential functions are employed for the simulations. The effect of nanoindentation angle on the crystals Young’s modulus, shear stress, hardness, and Poisson’s ratio were determined. Due to the periodicity which has been observed in all of the aforementioned quantities of the rotated crystal, analytical equations were extracted by adapting the Fourier series expansion on the calculated data. Some explanations were provided for the dislocation behaviors based on the physics of the problem and also by the results reported in the literature. Simultaneous effects of Poisson’s ratio and pile-ups on each other were also investigated and interpreted.
Incidence of louse flies on birds from the Russian Far East (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) and investigation of the status of some taxa by DNA barcoding

How to cite this article: Meißner B.R. , Rodríguez-Vera F. , Hawlitschek O. , Heim W. , Jentzsch M. 2020. Incidence of louse flies on birds from the Russian Far East (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) and investigation of the status of some taxa by DNA barcoding // Russian Entomol. J. Vol.29. No.3. P.327–335. doi: 10.15298/rusentj.29. 3.14 Incidence of louse flies on birds from the Russian Far East (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) and investigation of the status of some taxa by DNA barcoding
Precise Control of Resonant Tunneling Current in AlAs/GaAs/AlAs Double Barrier Diodes with Atomically-Controlled Barrier Widths

The resonant tunneling current is studied in AlAs/GaAs/AlAs double barrier heterostructures in which the barrier widths LB are precisely controlled to be exactly 5, 8 and 11 atomic monolayers. It is demonstrated for the first time that the density of resonant current in these diodes can be controlled from 5×102 Acm-2 to 1.2×104 Acm-2 by the choice of LB, in accordance with the theoretical calculations. Furthermore, I–V characteristics of these devices are shown to be excellent with peak-to-valley ratios of 2.3 at room temperature and 10 at 80 K, the highest values ever reported.
Capillary-condensed water in silica gel

Capillary forces generate large negative pressures within liquid water adsorbed in silica gel. The molar volume of the capillary water increases as the relative pressure decreases. The pressure–volume behaviour of capillary-condensed water can be described by an equation of state proposed by Speedy in 1982. The influence of this behaviour on the estimation of pore-size distributions is briefly discussed.
USER ACCEPTANCE OF ONLINE WAQF APPLICATION: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA

Waqf is an Islamic asset endowment to be kept in faith and used for charitable or religious purposes. Its function is to demonstrate the potential and economic benefits of waqf assets for worship and other people’s prosperity. Indonesia has great opportunities to raise more significant amounts of waqf funds. One strategy that appears effective with regard to waqf, especially cash waqf, is to provide an online service. Hence, this research attempts to analyse whether the perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived religiosity, and amount of information influences user acceptance of using an online waqf application process by implementing the technology acceptance model (TAM). Moreover, the study incorporates structural equation modelling (SEM) to interpret the path analysis of the model. The study fills the gap in the literature concerning the context of use of the technology acceptance model for online waqf applications in Indonesia. We find that the variables that directly influence user acceptance of online waqf application are perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, with perceived ease of use influencing perceived usefulness. In addition, perceived ease of use is influenced by the amount of information. Furthermore, the majority of respondents prefer to have projects such as mosques, Islamic boarding schools, schools, and hospital construction projects. To increase user acceptance, online waqf developers should provide more information about the application process and develop more user-friendly software with many features. Moreover, regulators should provide incentives for online waqf developers to maximise cash waqf collection.
A Review of the Evidence Base for Nutrition and Nutritional Supplements in Older Adults with Bipolar Disorder: A Report from the OABD Task Force

To better understand the role of nutrition in older adults (aged 50 years or older) with bipolar disorders (OABD), we conducted a systematic review of the literature and appraise existing evidence. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched databases including Medline/PubMed, PsychINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Register, FDA website, and clinical trial registries through 2019 for eligible reports. The search string combined MeSH terms for bipolar disorder, nutrition and older adults. This was supplemented by snowball searching of references in relevant studies and authors were contacted to request their work where necessary. All included studies were rated with the National Institutes of Health Study Quality Assessment Tools based on study designs. Of 2280 papers screened, ten studies including eight observational and two interventional studies. The topic foci of the papers examined several nutrients, (including vitamin B12, vitamin D, coenzyme Q10, homocysteine, and folate), nutritional deficiencies and biochemical correlates. The prevalence rates of deficiencies varied with specific nutrients (3.7% to 71.6% for Vitamin B12 and 34.6% for Vitamin D), and between inpatient versus outpatient populations. While nutritional interventions appeared to be associated with improvement in both affective and cognitive outcomes, the sample sizes of OABD varied and were generally small. While there is evidence for the benefits of nutritional interventions on affective, cognitive and overall outcome in OABD, the quality of the evidence is limited. Our findings underscore the need for high quality studies to inform evidence-based guidelines for nutritional assessment and supplemention in OABD.
MAPK regulates cell cycle progression in pig oocytes and fertilized eggs

Oocytes collected from prepubertal gilt ovaries were matured in vitro (IVM), and fertilized in vitro (IVF) or electrically activated. Phosphorylation of mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) was detected with SDS-PAGE and Western blotting, and translocation of ERK2 was observed with immunofluorescent cytochemistry. We found that the quantity of MAPK kept unchanged during oocyte maturation. There was no phosphorylated MAPK in porcine oocytes at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage; a little MAPK was phosphorylated at 20 h of IVM; a high level phosphorylation was detected at 30 h, while MAPK phosphorylation decreased at 36 h; and then MAPK phosphorylation increased again to the peak level from 40 to 60 h. ERK2 translocated from the peripheral cytoplasm to inner cytoplasm and nuclear area during oocyte maturation. There was nearly no phosphorylated MAPK at 18 and 20 h of electrically activated oocytes, but phosphorylation increased at 22 h. There was no phosphorylated MAPK at 12 h of IVF, while phosphorylation resumed at 16 h. These results suggest that MAPK may play an important regulatory role in MI-MII transition, pronucleus formation and the initiation of the first mitosis in pig eggs.
Some Physiological, Microbial, and Toxicological Aspects of the Removal of Phenanthrene by Hydroponic Cultures of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

ABSTRACT Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and other plants bearing an important root system have been shown to be effective in the removal of organic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Phenanthrene is one of the main contaminants arising from the petrochemical industry and is included in the USEPA's list of priority toxic pollutants. Hydroponic cultures of alfalfa were employed as a model system to evaluate their capability of removing phenanthrene and to study the plant-pollutant interaction without the interference of a soil matrix. The removal of phenanthrene was followed over a period of 30 days. The half-life of phenanthrene in hydroponics (initial concentration 50 mg L-1) was reduced 2.7 times when plants were present. Growth index, chlorophyll content of leaves, and peroxidase activity of the roots of plants exposed to phenanthrene were lower than the corresponding values of nonexposed plants. Phenanthrene produced an acute negative effect on the total bacterial counts but also caused an increase in degraders/total bacteria ratio. The Ames Salmonella plate incorporation assay was employed to screen for potential genotoxic metabolites, which could be generated by metabolic activation of the parent compound. None of the samples exhibited a positive response. While lack of a positive response to this test is not a definitive evidence of the absence of genotoxic substances, these results suggest that the plant-assisted removal of phenanthrene merits further investigation.
The impact of various staining substances and immersion time on the stainability of bonded sapphire brackets with three kinds of light cure orthodontic adhesives (An in-vitro study)

Background: The need of the patient for a more reasonable esthetic orthodontic intervention has risen nowadays. Thus, orthodontists make use of esthetic orthodontic materials like brackets, ligature elastics, and arch wires. The esthetic brackets come as different forms of materials, such as ceramic brackets, which have their stainability remaining as the most important consideration for the patients and the orthodontists. This study aimed to compare the staining effects of various staining materials, including black tea, cigarette smoke and Pepsi, as well as the time effect on the color stability of sapphire ceramic brackets bonded with three kinds of light cure orthodontic adhesives: Transbond, Resilience and Enlight. Materials and Methods: Three hundred sixty sapphire brackets were utilized and divided into three different groups (120 brackets per group) based on the type of bonding material. Each group was further subdivided into four subgroups (30 brackets each) based on the media in which the brackets were fully immersed, including distilled water, black tea, cigarette smoke and Pepsi. Moreover, each of these subgroups were further subdivided, based on the time of immersion relative to each media, into 3 different smaller subgroups (10 brackets each): one day, 7 days and 14 days with incubation at 37°C. A UV-visible type of spectrophotometer was utilized in order to perform a light absorption test. ANOVA and post hoc LSD tests were used for comparison. Results: The smoke of cigarette appeared to be the highest potent staining type among the tested materials followed by Pepsi and tea. The staining effects of all kinds of staining materials in relation to the bonded brackets color with all adhesive types were raised with increased time of immersion. Conclusion: The patient’s cooperation and habits should be taken into consideration when using sapphire orthodontic brackets. In addition, the patients should be instructed to decrease the consumption of staining beverages.
Dynamic changes in the rhizosphere bacterial community in monoculture and intercropping maize and soybean during various crop growth stages 

Although rhizosphere microorganisms have been studied for a long time, rhizosphere microbial communities based on monoculture and intercropping soybean and maize have rarely been studied. To define the effect of crop monoculture and intercropping on soil physicochemical properties and rhizosphere bacterial communities, field experiments were conducted using maize and soybean cultivars at five different crop growth stages, including monoculture maize, monoculture soybean and maize-soybean intercropping. The rhizosphere bacterial communities were analyzed by using the 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing. The pH and soil organic matter (SOM) were the key factors affecting crop rhizosphere soil bacterial communities. The intercropping soybean-maize increased the available phosphorus (AP) content at five different crop growth stages. And the available potassium (AK) content in the intercropping soybean soil samples was higher than corresponding monoculture soil samples. The content of available cadmium (ACd) in monoculture soybean rhizosphere soil samples decreased and then increased, but the intercropping soybean soil samples indicated an opposite trend. Proteobacteria, Chloroﬂexi, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the soybean and maize rhizosphere soil samples. Crops of the same plant species showed little difference in the bacterial community diversity under the two planting modes. The results indicated the intercropping planting pattern altered the absorption of ACd in the maize and soybean soil since the S2 stage and showed a different change in different crop growth stages. And the maize-soybean intercropping system also changed the bacterial community and soil physicochemical properties.
Nitrogen and carbon mineralization in soil amended with municipal solid waste compost

Municipal solid waste (MSW) compost contains large amounts of organic matter that can be beneficial to soil. The objectives of this study were to measure N mineralization and acid hydrolyzable N in soil amended with MSW compost and correlate corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield with acid hydrolyzable N. The soil, an Orthic Black Chernozem (Entic Hapludoll) cropped to corn, was amended with composts at either 90 dry Mg ha−1 yr−1 from 1993 to 1995, or at 270 dry Mg ha−1 in one application in 1993. Soil samples were collected in the fall of 1994 and 1995 to measure C and N mineralization and acid hydrolyzable N. Potentially mineralizable N was estimated with the NCSOIL model after using C and N mineralization observed in the laboratory to calibrate the model. Net N immobilization occurred in compost-amended soils collected in 1994 with less than 0.2% of the total soil N mineralized in the compost treatments. In 1995, there was net mineralization in compost treatments but less than 5% of total soil N mineralized in.