Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations between accelerated parental biologic age, autism spectrum disorder, social traits, and developmental and cognitive outcomes in their children

Parental age is a known risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), however, studies to identify the biologic changes underpinning this association are limited. In recent years, “epigenetic clock” algorithms have been developed to estimate biologic age and to evaluate how the epigenetic aging impacts health and disease. In this study, we examined the relationship between parental epigenetic aging and their child's prospective risk of ASD and autism related quantitative traits in the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation study. Estimates of epigenetic age were computed using three robust clock algorithms and DNA methylation measures from the Infinium HumanMethylation450k platform for maternal blood and paternal blood specimens collected during pregnancy. Epigenetic age acceleration was defined as the residual of regressing chronological age on epigenetic age while accounting for cell type proportions. Multinomial logistic regression and linear regression models were completed adjusting for potential confounders for both maternal epigenetic age acceleration (n = 163) and paternal epigenetic age acceleration (n = 80). We found accelerated epigenetic aging in mothers estimated by Hannum's clock was significantly associated with lower cognitive ability and function in offspring at 12 months, as measured by Mullen Scales of Early Learning scores (β = −1.66, 95% CI: −3.28, −0.04 for a one‐unit increase). We also observed a marginal association between accelerated maternal epigenetic aging by Horvath's clock and increased odds of ASD in offspring at 36 months of age (aOR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.26). By contrast, fathers accelerated aging was marginally associated with decreased ASD risk in their offspring (aOR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.68, 1.01). Our findings suggest epigenetic aging could play a role in parental age risks on child brain development.
Chain reconfiguration in active noise

In a typical single molecule experiment, the dynamics of an unfolded protein is studied by determining the reconfiguration time using long-range Förster resonance energy transfer, where the reconfiguration time is the characteristic decay time of the position correlation between two residues of the protein. In this paper we theoretically calculate the reconfiguration time for a single flexible polymer in the presence of active noise. The study suggests that though the mean square displacement grows faster, the chain reconfiguration is always slower in the presence of long-lived active noise with exponential temporal correlation. Similar behavior is observed for a worm-like semi-flexible chain and a Zimm chain. However it is primarily the characteristic correlation time of the active noise and not the strength that controls the increase in the reconfiguration time. In brief, such active noise makes the polymer move faster but the correlation loss between the monomers becomes slow.
Novel amides of mycophenolic acid and some heterocyclic derivatives as immunosuppressive agents

Abstract The group of 18 new amide derivatives of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and selected heterocyclic amines was synthesised as potential immunosuppressive agents functioning as inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) uncompetitive inhibitors. The synthesis of 14 of them employed uronium-type activating system (TBTU/HOBt/DIPEA) while 4 of them concerned phosphonic acid anhydride method (T3P/Py) facilitating amides to be obtained in moderate to excellent yields without the need of phenolic group protection. Most of optimised protocols did not require complicated reaction work-ups, including chromatographic, solvent-consuming methods. The biological activity assay was performed on the T-Jurkat cell line and peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) which are both dedicated for antiproliferative activity determination. Each of designed derivatives was characterised by reduced cytotoxicity and benzoxazole analogue (A2) revealed the most promising activity. Subsequently, an observed structure-activity relationship was discussed. Graphical Abstract
Some min-max methods for the Hamilton-Jacobi equation

On demontre des formules de representation max-min pour la solution de l'equation de Hamilton-Jacobi: u t (x,t)+H(Du(x,t))=0, 0≤t≤T, x∈R n , lim |x|→∞ u(x,t)=0, o≤t≤T, u(x,o)=u 0 (x), x∈R m
A new photometric investigation of the double‐ringed galaxy ESO 474−G26: unveiling the formation scenario

We present a detailed photometric study of the peculiar double-ringed galaxy ESO 474−G26. Near-infrared (NIR) and optical data have been used, with the main goal of constraining the formation history of ESO 474−G26. NIR photometry is fundamental in this kind of study, because it gives better constraints on the spectral energy distribution (SED) and traces the older stellar population of the galaxy well. This galaxy presents a very complex structure with two almost orthogonal rings, one in the equatorial and another in the polar plane, around an elliptical-like object. Due to the peculiar morphology of ESO 474−G26, we used both NIR images (J and K bands) to derive accurate analysis of the stellar light distribution and optical images (in the B, V and R bands) to derive colour profiles and colour maps to study the structure of the rings. The observational characteristics of ESO 474−G26 are typical of galaxies that have experienced some kind of interaction during their evolution. We investigated two alternatives: a merging process and an accretion event.
X-ray spectral variability in the ultraluminous X-ray source Holmberg IX X−1

We use XMM–Newton and Swift data to study a spectral variability in the ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX), Holmberg IX X−1. The source luminosity varies by a factor of 3–4, giving rise to corresponding spectral changes which are significant, but subtle, and not well tracked by a simple hardness ratio. Instead, we co-add the Swift data in intensity bins and do full spectral fitting with disc plus thermal Comptonization models. All the data are well fitted by a low temperature, optically thick Comptonizing corona, and the variability can be roughly characterized by decreasing temperature and increasing optical depth as the source becomes brighter, as expected if the corona is becoming progressively mass loaded by material blown off the super-Eddington inner disc. This variability behaviour is seen in other ULX which has similar spectra, but is opposite to the trend seen in the ULX with much softer spectra. This supports the idea that there are two distinct physical regimes in ULXs, where the spectra go from being dominated by a disc-corona to being dominated by a wind.
A MACHINE-LEARNING APPROACH TO MEASURING THE ESCAPE OF IONIZING RADIATION FROM GALAXIES IN THE REIONIZATION EPOCH

Recent observations of galaxies at , along with the low value of the electron scattering optical depth measured by the Planck mission, make galaxies plausible as dominant sources of ionizing photons during the epoch of reionization. However, scenarios of galaxy-driven reionization hinge on the assumption that the average escape fraction of ionizing photons is significantly higher for galaxies in the reionization epoch than in the local universe. The NIRSpec instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will enable spectroscopic observations of large samples of reionization-epoch galaxies. While the leakage of ionizing photons will not be directly measurable from these spectra, the leakage is predicted to have an indirect effect on the spectral slope and the strength of nebular emission lines in the rest-frame ultraviolet and optical. Here, we apply a machine learning technique known as lasso regression on mock JWST/NIRSpec observations of simulated z = 7 galaxies in order to obtain a model that can predict the escape fraction from JWST/NIRSpec data. Barring systematic biases in the simulated spectra, our method is able to retrieve the escape fraction with a mean absolute error of for spectra with signal-to-noise ratio ≈ 5 at a rest-frame wavelength of 1500 Å for our fiducial simulation. This prediction accuracy represents a significant improvement over previous similar approaches.
Making Meaning of Surviving the Oklahoma City Bombing Seven Years Later

Objective: No previous studies examined how survivors made meaning (i.e. interpreted the personal significance) of a disaster experience after seven years. This qualitative study follows up on a previously published analysis of 182 directly-exposed survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing, assessed after six months had elapsed for bombing-related psychopathology and meaning-making processes. The current study examines how 113 survivors (62% follow-up rate) made meaning of their bombing experience after seven years. Method: Survivors answered questions about the effects of the bombing on their beliefs and perspectives. Their responses were hand recorded by interviewers and transcribed. Content was coded into themes, allowing codes of multiple themes. Excellent interrater reliability was obtained (Cohen’s kappa≥.8). Results: The survivors were 50% (57/113) male, 93% (105/113) Caucasian, 34% (38/113) college educated, and 71% (80/113) married with a mean (SD) age of 42.5 (10.6) (range = 19-69) years at the time of the bombing. Eight themes emerged and indicated that survivors matured in personal goals and character, interpersonal relationships, and philosophical thought (e.g., reconsideration of human nature and religion). More than one third of the comments included negative remarks about personal harm, especially psychological effects. Conclusions: Nearly two thirds of the material was positive in tone and consistent between six months and seven years. Negative content was entirely new relative to six-month baseline interview responses, suggesting many survivors incorporate greater reflection on negative outcomes in meaning-making processes over time. After several years, clinicians could encourage survivors to integrate positive and negative consequences as meaning. Longer-term studies are needed.
Modulation of working memory duration by synaptic and astrocytic mechanisms

Short-term synaptic plasticity and modulations of the presynaptic vesicle release rate are key components of many working memory models. At the same time, an increasing number of studies suggests a potential role of astrocytes in modulating higher cognitive function such as WM through their influence on synaptic transmission. Which influence astrocytic signaling could have on the stability and duration of WM representations, however, is still unclear. Here, we introduce a slow, activity-dependent astrocytic regulation of the presynaptic release probability in a synaptic attractor model of WM. We compare and analyze simulations of a simple WM protocol in firing rate and spiking networks with and without astrocytic regulation, and underpin our observations with analyses of the phase space dynamics in the rate network. We find that the duration and stability of working memory representations are altered by astrocytic signaling and by noise. We show that astrocytic signaling modulates the mean duration of WM representations. Moreover, if the astrocytic regulation is strong, a slow presynaptic timescale introduces a ‘window of vulnerability’, during which WM representations are easily disruptable by noise before being stabilized. We identify two mechanisms through which noise from different sources in the network can either stabilize or destabilize WM representations. Our findings suggest that (i) astrocytic regulation can act as a crucial determinant for the duration of WM representations in synaptic attractor models of WM, and (ii) that astrocytic signaling could facilitate different mechanisms for volitional top-down control of WM representations and their duration.
Characterization of Clofazimine Metabolism in Human Liver Microsomal Incubation In Vitro

Clofazimine [N,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3-[(propane-2-yl)rimino]-3,5-dihydrophenazin-2-amine] is an antimycobacterial agent used as a second-line antituberculosis (anti-TB) drug. Nonetheless, little information is known about the metabolic routes of clofazimine, and the enzymes involved in metabolism. ABSTRACT Clofazimine [N,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3-[(propane-2-yl)rimino]-3,5-dihydrophenazin-2-amine] is an antimycobacterial agent used as a second-line antituberculosis (anti-TB) drug. Nonetheless, little information is known about the metabolic routes of clofazimine, and the enzymes involved in metabolism. This study aimed to characterize the metabolic pathways and enzymes responsible for the metabolism of clofazimine in human liver microsomes. Eight metabolites, including four oxidative metabolites, three glucuronide conjugates, and one sulfate conjugate were identified, and their structures were deduced based on tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra. Hydroxylated clofazimine and hydrated clofazimine was generated even in the absence of the NADPH generating system presumably via a nonenzymatic pathway. Hydrolytic-dehalogenated clofazimine was catalyzed mainly by CYP1A2 whereas hydrolytic-deaminated clofazimine was formed by CYP3A4/A5. In case of glucuronide conjugates, UGT1A1, UGT1A3, and UGT1A9 showed catalytic activity toward hydroxylated and hydrated clofazimine glucuronide whereas hydrolytic-deaminated clofazimine glucuronide was catalyzed by UGT1A4, UGT1A9, UGT1A3, and UGT2B4. Our results suggested that CYP1A2 and CYP3A are involved in the formation of oxidative metabolites while UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A9, and 2B4 are involved in the formation of glucuronide conjugates of oxidative metabolites of clofazimine.
Exploring the lived experience of Long Covid in black and minority ethnic groups in the UK: Protocol for qualitative interviews and art-based methods

Some people experience prolonged symptoms following an acute COVID-19 infection including fatigue, chest pain and breathlessness, headache and cognitive impairment. When symptoms persist for over 12 weeks following the initial infection, and are not explained by an alternative diagnosis, the term post-COVID-19 syndrome is used, or the patient-defined term of Long Covid. Understanding the lived experiences of Long Covid is crucial to supporting its management. However, research on patient experiences of Long Covid is currently not ethnically diverse enough. The study aim is to explore the lived experience of Long Covid, using qualitative interviews and art-based methods, among people from ethnically diverse backgrounds (in the UK), to better understand wider systems of support and healthcare support needs. Co-created artwork will be used to build on the interview findings. A purposive sampling strategy will be used to gain diverse experiences of Long Covid, sampling by demographics, geographic locations and experiences of Long Covid. Individuals (aged >18 years) from Black and ethnic minority backgrounds, who self-report Long Covid symptoms, will be invited to take part in a semi-structured interview. Interviews will be analysed thematically. A sub-sample of participants will be invited to co-create visual artwork to further explore shared narratives of Long Covid, enhance storytelling and increase understanding about the condition. A patient advisory group, representing diversity in ethnicity and experiences of Long Covid, will inform all research stages. Stakeholder workshops with healthcare professionals and persons, systems or networks important to people’s management of Long Covid, will advise on the integration of findings to inform management of Long Covid. The study will use patient narratives from people from diverse ethnic backgrounds, to raise awareness of Long Covid and help inform management of Long Covid and how wider social systems and networks may inform better healthcare service access and experiences.
Distress of tertiary education students in Australia during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Abstract Objective This project sought to characterize levels of distress in Australian tertiary education students during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods Advertisements were placed on multiple participant recruitment and student run websites associated with various tertiary institutions. Level of overall distress was assessed with the K‐10 so that comparisons could be made with previous research. A total of 1072 tertiary education students 18 years or older participated in the study. Results 70.9% of tertiary education students studying in Australia displayed elevated levels of psychological distress during the pandemic, with 23.01% of the sample reporting extreme levels of distress. Conclusions More tertiary education students experienced severe distress during the COVID‐19 pandemic than adults in the general population, as well as before the pandemic. Implications: Services are needed to help tertiary education students cope with elevated levels of distress associated during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
AGILE mini-calorimeter gamma-ray burst catalog

The mini-calorimeter of the AGILE satellite can observe the high-energy part of gamma-ray bursts with good timing-capability. We present the data of the 85 hard gamma-ray bursts observed by the mini-calorimeter since the launch (April 2007) until October 2009. We report the timing data for 84 and spectral data for 21 bursts.
Commentary: Autologous retinal transplantation for macular hole

Advancements in the surgical techniques and instrumentation over the last couple of decades have revolutionized the surgical outcomes of full‐thickness macular hole (FTMH). [1] Patient expectations have also risen at a similar rate. Failure to achieve an anatomical closure becomes a nightmare for the vitreoretinal surgeon. A refractory or persistent FTMH is one which remains open after primary surgery, while a recurrent FTMH is one which re‐opens at least four weeks after an initial successful closure. [1]
Decoherence of coherent electronic excited state in the reaction center of the photosynthetic purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides

In this paper, we present a theoretical description to the quantum coherence and decoherence phenomena of energy transfer in photosynthesis observed in a recent experiment [see Science 316, 1462 (2007)]. As a successive two-color laser pulses with selected frequencies cast on a sample of the photosynthetic purple bacterium Rb. sphaeroides two resonant excitations of electrons in chromophores can be generated. However, this effective two-level subsystem will interact with its protein environment and decoherence is inevitable. We describe this subsystem coupled with its environment as a dynamical spin-boson model. The non-Markovian decoherence dynamics is described using a quasi-adiabatic propagator path integral (QUAPI) approach. With the photon-induced effective time-dependent level splitting energy and level flip coupling coefficient between the two excited states and the environment-induced non-Markovian decoherence dynamics, our theoretical result is in good agreement with the experimental data.
Globe Compression by Bone Fragments in Orbital Blow-in Fractures: A Case Series and Systematic Review

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of orbital blow-in fractures involving compression of the globe by bone fragments. Methods: A retrospective case series and systematic literature review were performed. Results: Three male patients (mean age 29 years) with orbital blow-in fractures causing globe indentation presented with extraocular movement restriction, choroidal folds, and B-scan ultrasonography demonstrating deformation of the globe contour by a hyperechoic bone fragment. All underwent surgical repair within 1 day of presentation resulting in improved visual outcomes. An additional 10 cases were identified in the literature review. The majority of patients were male (80%) with a mean age of 29 years. Fractures originated primarily from the lateral orbital wall (50%) or the orbital roof (40%). Globe compression was evident on CT of the orbit (100%) and ultrasonography (30%). Common presenting signs included decreased visual acuity (70%), restriction of supraduction (40%) or abduction (40%), choroidal folds (30%), brow laceration (40%), periorbital edema (40%), and hypoglobus (40%). Most patients underwent surgical intervention (80%) involving fracture reduction (50%) or fragment removal (38%). Reported postsurgical outcomes were excellent with resolution of diplopia, motility, and visual acuity. Conclusion: Globe indentation from blow-in fractures are rare. Clinicians should be suspicious in cases of high-velocity trauma to the superolateral orbit with hypoglobus, motility limitation, and indentation of the globe upon dilated exam. Prompt diagnosis and early surgical removal of the compressive orbital bone fragments in a multidisciplinary fashion can lead to good visual, functional, and cosmetic outcomes. Orbital blow-in fractures can rarely result in compression of the globe by bone fragments. Prompt recognition and early surgical intervention can lead to good visual outcomes.
The multiple mediating effects of grit and learning agility on academic burnout and learning engagement among Korean university students: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Introduction This article reports the results of a study conducted to assess the mediating effects of grit and learning agility on the relationship between academic burnout and learning engagement among undergraduate students. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-report questionnaire. Undergraduate students (N = 344) were recruited from one university in South Korea (58.0% female; average age 21.43) to complete assessments of academic burnout, grit, learning agility, and learning engagement. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, hierarchical regression and bootstrapping to verify the multiple parallel mediation effect. Results We found that the direct effect of academic burnout on learning engagement (B= −0.26, p<.001) and the indirect effect of academic burnout as mediated by learning agility (B= −0.13; 95% CI, −0.20∼−0.06) were significant. This finding confirmed that 33.3% of the total effect of academic burnout on learning engagement was the result of indirect effects via learning agility. Conclusion These results indicate the necessity of developing an educational programme that focuses not only on reducing academic burnout but also on improving learning agility to increase undergraduate students’ learning engagement. This study contributes to the development of a curriculum aimed at increasing the effectiveness of university education, promoting learning engagement, and reducing academic burnout. KEY MESSAGE Our study reports that academic burnout has both a direct effect on learning engagement and an indirect effect via learning agility. Learning agility mediates the relationship between academic burnout and learning engagement among undergraduate students. Although grit has been reported by many previous studies to mediate the relationship between the tendency to pursue happiness and the willingness to continue learning and effectively improving one’s academic achievement and ability, our study did not find any mediating effect via grit in this context.