Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shaping the Noise Spectrum in Power Electronic Converters

The operation of switch-mode converters results in electromagnetic noise propagating throughout the power electronic system. Pulsewidth modulation (PWM) strategies with fixed switching frequency generate harmonics in the spectra of converter voltages and currents. Random PWM techniques allow the elimination of the harmonics, resulting in a continuous spectrum of noise, i.e., a spectrum retaining all frequency components. As a next step in advanced spectral shaping, a method presented in this paper produces spectral nulls at selected frequencies. This allows the carving of communication channels in the noise and the removal of spectral power at frequencies potentially harmful for the system. The theoretical analysis, computer simulations, implementation details, and experimental results are presented.
Optimized Multipinhole Design for Mouse Imaging

The aim of this study was to enhance high-sensitivity imaging of a limited field of view in mice using multipinhole collimators on a dual head clinical gamma camera. A fast analytical method was used to predict the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in many points of a homogeneous cylinder for a large number of pinhole collimator designs with modest overlap. The design providing the best overall CNR, a configuration with 7 pinholes, was selected. Next, the pinhole pattern was made slightly irregular to reduce multiplexing artifacts. Two identical, but mirrored 7-pinhole plates were manufactured. In addition, the calibration procedure was refined to cope with small deviations of the camera from circular motion. First, the new plates were tested by reconstructing a simulated homogeneous cylinder measurement. Second, a Jaszczak phantom filled with 37 MBq 99mTc was imaged on a dual head gamma camera, equipped with the new pinhole collimators. The image quality before and after refined calibration was compared for both heads, reconstructed separately and together. Next, 20 short scans of the same phantom were performed with single and multipinhole collimation to investigate the noise improvement of the new design. Finally, two normal mice were scanned using the new multipinhole designs to illustrate the reachable image quality of abdomen and thyroid imaging. The simulation study indicated that the irregular patterns suppress most multiplexing artifacts. Using body support information strongly reduces the remaining multiplexing artifacts. Refined calibration improved the spatial resolution. Depending on the location in the phantom, the CNR increased with a factor of 1 to 2.5 using the new instead of a single pinhole design. The first proof of principle scans and reconstructions were successful, allowing the release of the new plates and software for preclinical studies in mice.
TextureMontage

We propose a technique, called TextureMontage, to seamlessly map a patchwork of texture images onto an arbitrary 3D model. A texture atlas can be created through the specification of a set of correspondences between the model and any number of texture images. First, our technique automatically partitions the mesh and the images, driven solely by the choice of feature correspondences. Most charts will then be parameterized over their corresponding image planes through the minimization of a distortion metric based on both geometric distortion and texture mismatch across patch boundaries and images. Lastly, a surface texture inpainting technique is used to fill in the remaining charts of the surface with no corresponding texture patches. The resulting texture mapping satisfies the (sparse or dense) user-specified constraints while minimizing the distortion of the texture images and ensuring a smooth transition across the boundaries of different mesh patches. Seamless Texturing of Arbitrary Surfaces From Multiple Images
Biosynthesis and biochemical characterization of N-amidino-2-hydroxypyrrolidine

,respec-tively (at pH 7.4 and 37.0 °C). Keywords: copper amine oxidase; agmatine; N-amidino-2-hydroxypyrrolidine; enzyme inhibition; type 1 imidazolinereceptor binding. Copperamineoxidasehasbeenidentiﬁedinbacteria,yeasts,fungi, plants, and animals. This enzyme is a homodimer of70- to 90-kDa subunits, each containing a single copper ionand a covalently bound cofactor formed by the post-translational modiﬁcation of the catalytic tyrosyl residueto 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine quinone (TPQ) [1–4]. Copper amine oxidase catalyzes the oxidative deaminationof biogenic amines, including mono, di, and polyamines,neurotransmitters such as catecholamines, histamine andxenobiotic amines, with substrate preferences dependingupon the enzyme source [1–5]. The copper amine oxidasecatalyzed reactions follow the general scheme:E
Thin-Film Microsusceptometer With Integrated Nanoloop

We report the design and performance of thin-film microsusceptometers intended for magnetic measurements on samples at variable temperature down to the low milliKelvin range and excitation frequencies of up to about 1 MHz. The devices are realized as first-order gradiometers with two circular loops of 60- or 30-μm average diameter resulting in a total inductance of 360 or 250 pH, respectively. An integrated excitation coil generates a magnetic field with a transfer coefficient of 0.1 T/A at the sample position, whereas the Josephson junctions are located in a field-reduced area. The susceptometers are fabricated by a conventional Nb/AlOx/Nb trilayer process. In order to enhance the sensitivity to the level required for the measurement of submicrometer samples, an extra detection loop of 450-nm inner diameter was integrated into one of the pickup loops by using a focused ion beam. We show that this device is able of detecting signals from very small Permalloy samples. An optimized susceptometer design with a predicted superconducting quantum interference device inductance of 12 pH is also presented, which can achieve an equivalent spin noise of 8 μB/√Hz at 4.2 K (μB is the Bohr magneton) when being equipped with a nanoloop of 100-nm line width and separation.
REASONING ABOUT PHYSICAL INTERACTIONS

Object-based factorizations provide a useful level of abstraction for interacting with the world. Building explicit object representations, however, often requires supervisory signals that are difficult to obtain in practice. We present a paradigm for learning object-centric representations for physical scene understanding without direct supervision of object properties. Our model, object-oriented prediction and planning (O2P2), jointly learns a perception function to map from image observations to object representations, a pairwise physics interaction function to predict the time evolution of a collection of objects, and a rendering function to map objects back to pixels. For evaluation, we consider not only the accuracy of the physical predictions of the model, but also its utility for downstream tasks that require an actionable representation of intuitive physics. After training our model on an image prediction task, we can use its learned representations to build block towers more complicated than those observed during training.
On lossy source coding with side information under the erasure distortion measure

We consider the Wyner-Ziv and two way source coding problems with the erasure distortion measure. We characterize the rate-distortion regions for these settings when the source and side information satisfy a positivity condition. Using our results, we show that, contrary to recent conjectures in the literature, feedback from the decoder to the encoder does not reduce the overall rate required in the Wyner-Ziv setting with erasure distortion, when the positivity condition is satisfied. Finally, we extend our techniques to characterize the rate-distortion region of a Cascade source coding setting when the positivity condition is satisfied.
A Model Compensation-Prediction Scheme for Control of Micromanipulation Systems With a Single Feedback Loop

Many micromanipulation systems employ sensorless actuators and possess unknown modeling errors, feedback measurement noises, and time delays. Conventional model-based control schemes ignore some of these uncertainties, and thus sacrifice the control system performance. This paper presents a new model compensation-prediction scheme for micromanipulation systems that can be described by two-dimensional state-space models, estimate the unknown modeling errors from noisy single feedback measurement, and predict and compensate the system time delay. This approach combines two modeling errors into a single equivalent modeling error through mathematical transformation, and estimates the combined term using a noise-insensitive extended high-gain observer. After removing the unknown term, the system is then transformed into a time-invariant form, and a Smith predictor is implemented to predict and compensate the time delay. The effectiveness of the proposed compensation-prediction scheme is demonstrated by both numerical simulations and experiments on two typical micromanipulation systems, namely a robotic biosample stimulator and a material characterization microgripper. The results show that this method can significantly improve the control performance of a conventional proportional-integral-derivative controller, by simultaneously reducing the settling time and overshoot of the micromanipulation systems.
Distributed voltage control with electric springs: Comparison with STATCOM

Summary form only given. The concept of electric spring (ES) has been proposed recently as an effective means of distributed voltage control. The idea is to regulate the voltage across the critical (C) loads while allowing the noncritical (NC) impedance-type loads (e.g., water heaters) to vary their power consumption and thus contribute to demand-side response. In this paper, a comparison is made between distributed voltage control using ES against the traditional single point control with STATic COMpensator (STATCOM). For a given range of supply voltage variation, the total reactive capacity required for each option to produce the desired voltage regulation at the point of connection is compared. A simple case study with a single ES and STATCOM is presented first to show that the ES and STATCOM require comparable reactive power to achieve similar voltage regulation. Comparison between a STATCOM and ES is further substantiated through similar case studies on the IEEE 13-bus test feeder system and also on a part of the distribution network in Sha Lo Wan Bay, Hong Kong. In both cases, it turns out that a group of ESs achieves better total voltage regulation than STATCOM with less overall reactive power capacity. Dependence of the ES capability on proportion of critical and NC load is also shown.
Electrical and magnetic model coupling of permanent magnet machines based on harmonic analysis

This paper presents a new hybrid analytical approach for obtaining a complete solution of the coupled electro-magnetic model for permanent magnet machines. The main advantage of this approach in comparison with existing methods is the use of the voltage as a main input for the modeling. This allows analysis of PM machines taking into account the influence of voltage harmonics from power electronic converters.
A micropower tilt processing circuit

This paper describes a novel analogue circuit for extracting the tilt angle from the output of a standard MEMS accelerometer. The circuit uses the accelerometer signal together with the gravitational acceleration vector to generate the tilt signal. Using a current-mode representation with devices operated in subthreshold, the appropriate trigonometric function has been realised to compute tilt. Furthermore, implementing a long-time constant filter to extract the mean tilt level provides adaptation to the static tilt level. Specifically, this circuit has been designed as part of an implantable vestibular prosthesis to provide inclination signals for bypassing dysfunctional otolith end-organs. The hardware has been implemented in AMS 0.35 mum 2P4M CMOS technology.
Efficient methods for estimation in log-linear models

It is a well-known fact that by graph-theoretical methods the problem of finding the maximum likelihood estimates (MLE, for short) of a given log-linear model can be decomposed into problems of smaller models. The problem is thus solved for these minor problems, irreducible components, and the solutions for these are combined to give the global quantities. If the model of an irreducible component is not a decomposable model an iterative algorithm must be used to find the estimates of the component. Space saving implementations of the solution of this problem have been given by Jirousek and Preucil, again using notions from graph-theory. Decision support systems based on Bayesian networks were born from the techniques of divide-and-conquer applied on log-linear models, but now the techniques on propagation and junction trees from Bayesian networks can be used to achieve an efficient implementation of Jirousek and Preucil’s algorithm for estimation in non-decomposable log-linear models.
Enabling Efficient and Reliable Transition from Replication to Erasure Coding for Clustered File Systems

To balance performance and storage efficiency, modern clustered file systems (CFSes) often first store data with random replication (i.e., distributing replicas across randomly selected nodes), followed by encoding the replicated data with erasure coding. We argue that random replication, while being commonly used, does not take into account erasure coding and hence will raise both performance and availability issues to the subsequent encoding operation. We propose encoding-aware replication, which carefully places the replicas so as to (i) avoid cross-rack downloads of data blocks during encoding, (ii) preserve availability without data relocation after encoding, and (iii) maintain load balancing as in random replication. We implement encoding-aware replication on HDFS, and show via tested experiments that it achieves significant encoding throughput gains over random replication. We also show via discrete-event simulations that encoding-aware replication remains effective under various parameter choices in a large-scale setting. We further show that encoding-aware replication evenly distributes replicas as in random replication.
Expert Systems With Applications

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artiﬁcial bee colony (ABC) are new optimization methods that have attracted increasing research interests because of its simplicity and eﬃciency. However, when being applied to high-dimensional optimization problems, PSO algorithm may be trapped in the local optimal because of its low global exploration eﬃciency; ABC algorithm has slower convergence speed in some cases because of the lack of powerful local exploitation capacity. In this paper, we propose a hybrid algorithm called PS– ABC, which combines the local search phase in PSO with two global search phases in ABC for the global optimum. In the iteration process, the algorithm examines the aging degree of pbest for each individual to decide which type of search phase (PSO phase, onlooker bee phase, and modiﬁed scout bee phase) to adopt. Theproposed PS–ABCalgorithm isvalidated on13high-dimensionalbenchmark functionsfromthe IEEE-CEC 2014 competition problems, and it is compared with ABC, PSO, HPA, ABC–PS and OXDE algorithms. Results show that the PS–ABC algorithm is an eﬃcient, fast converging and robust optimization method for solving high-dimensional optimization problems.
A Novel 3 D Co-Culture Tumour Model for Head and Neck Cancer

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major part of the tumour microenvironment and have been shown to play an important role in the progression of cancer. To probe the tumour-stroma interactions, we incorporated CAFs and squamous carcinoma cells of the hypopharynx (FaDu cells) into the Tissue Roll for the Analysis of Cellular Environment and Response (TRACER) platform to simulate a section of a head and neck tumour. We optimized the seeding densities and stacking configurations of the CAF and FaDu cell tissue sections to enable a robust 3D coculture system under normoxic conditions. Although co-culture of CAFs with FaDu cells produced negligible effects on radiation resistance, increases in proliferation rate and cell migration at 24 and 48 h of culture were observed. Our study provides the basis for use of our in vitro co-culture model to investigate the tumour-stroma interactions and to assess treatment response as a drug screening tool.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PERFORMANCE IN PREGNANT WOMEN TOWARD DENTAL HYGIENE DURING PREGNANCY

P(cid:6)(cid:22)2(cid:15)QG Abstract Prognancy is a natural process, which may create some changes in different parts of body, such as oral and dental systems. The changes might lead to oral diseases if sufficient and permanent care is not provided. For example, improper nutrition, covert oral and dental problems can affect the health of dental organ and even the other parts of body. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between awareness, attitude and practice of pregnant women regarding oral and dental care during pregnancy. The study sample consisted of 320 pregnant women in their 28th -42th week of pregnancy. In this study the stratified random sampling was used. The results showed that, 5.6% of the subjects had high awareness toward dental hygiene, whereas 65.9% and 28.4% of the women had moderate and low level of awareness respectively. In addition, 30% of the subjects had positive attitude toward dental care, whereas the majority (70%) had negative attitude. Regarding the performance of oral and dental care, only 34.4% had good practice. According to the results of the analysis, of variance there were correlation between variables of the awareness and attitude, awareness and practice and finally attitude and practice of the subjects (P=0.000). In addition, the correlation coefficient between the variables of awareness and attitude was more than the others (r=0.512). Based on the study findings, the investigators recommend that pregnant women should be educated effectively regarding oral and dental health awareness that might lead to good attitude and practice toward them. In addition, it is recommended that the reasons of noncompliance of women toward dental higiene and not receiring dental care, should be assessed in future studies.
Commentary: The Cognitive Costs of Context: The Effects of Concreteness and Immersiveness in Instructional Examples

The research reported by Day et al. (2015) highlights important current and developing issues in the study of learning and memory. Consistent with laboratory studies, they found that testing students in a more naturalistic environment did not reverse a cost observed in using more concrete materials during learning. Although directly emphasized in their paper, this work highlights the value in extending laboratory work more ecologically valid circumstances, the ability of different kinds of training experiences to transfer to novel circumstances, and the very long-term retention of knowledge.
The geometry of correlation fields with an application to functional connectivity of the brain

We introduce two new types of random field. The cross correlation field R(s, t) is the usual sample correlation coefficient for a set of pairs of Gaussian random fields, one sampled at point s ∈ <M , the other sampled at point t ∈ <N . The homologous correlation field is defined as R(t) = R(t, t), that is, the ‘diagonal’ of the cross correlation field restricted to the same location s = t. Although the correlation coefficient can be transformed pointwise to a t-statistic, neither of the two correlation fields defined above can be transformed to a t-field, defined as a standard Gaussian field divided by the roit mean square of i.i. d. standard Gaussian fields. For this reason, new results are derived for the geometry of the excursion set of these correlation fields that extend those of Adler (1981). The results are used to detect functional connectivity (regions of high correlation) in 3D Positron Emission Tomography (PET) images of human brain activity.
Under the FIRElight: Stellar Tracers of the Local Dark Matter Velocity Distribution in the Milky Way

The Gaia era opens new possibilities for discovering the remnants of disrupted satellite galaxies in the solar neighborhood. If the population of local accreted stars is correlated with the dark matter sourced by the same mergers, one can then map the dark matter distribution directly. Using two cosmological zoom-in hydrodynamic simulations of Milky-Way-mass galaxies from the Latte suite of the Fire-2 simulations, we find a strong correlation between the velocity distribution of stars and dark matter at the solar circle that were accreted from luminous satellites. This correspondence holds for dark matter that is either relaxed or in a kinematic substructure called debris flow, and is consistent between two simulated hosts with different merger histories. The correspondence is more problematic for streams because of possible spatial offsets between the dark matter and stars. We demonstrate how to reconstruct the dark matter velocity distribution from the observed properties of the accreted stellar population by properly accounting for the ratio of stars to dark matter contributed by individual mergers. This procedure does not account for the dark matter that originates from nonluminous satellites, which may constitute a nontrivial fraction of the local contribution. After validating this method using the Fire-2 simulations, we apply it to the Milky Way and use it to recover the dark matter velocity distribution associated with the recently discovered stellar debris field in the solar neighborhood. Based on results from Gaia, we estimate that of the local dark matter that is accreted from luminous mergers is in debris flow.
Brief communication: Extraction of the wake induction and angle of attack on rotating wind turbine blades from PIV and CFD results

The analysis of wind turbine aerodynamics requires accurate information about the axial and tangential wake induction as well as the local angle of attack along the blades. In this work, we present a new method for obtaining them conveniently from the velocity field. We apply the method to the New Mexico PIV-dataset and to CFD simulations of the same turbine. This allows comparing for the first time experimental and numerical results of the mentioned quantities on a rotating wind turbine. The presented results open up new possibilities for the validation of numerical rotor models.