Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Valorisation of agricultural residues from Andean fruits: case studies

The growing demand for natural and healthy foods has boosted fruit production in Colombia and all around the world. In the links of the productive chains and in the stage of final consumption of fruits, large amounts of waste are produced, including stalks, stubble, foliage, husks, seeds, and non-commercial or unharvested fruit. These materials are wasted and are usually left in the field or make an important part of the waste that is deposited in municipal landfills with the consequent contaminating effects and risks to public health. Many alternatives have been proposed for the transformation of fruit residues into products of different levels of added value. In this article, a general and updated review of these proposals is initially made as a starting point to apply some of them in the use of the waste of five Andean fruit trees: blackberry, tamarillo, guava, passion fruit and banana. With the exception of these last two fruits, there is very little that has been researched about the use of the residues of the Andean fruit trees analyzed. In this article some innovative food and non-food processing options for the sustainable exploitation of agricultural and agroindustrial waste of these cultivars are suggested. They include the production of tisanes from seeds, the manufacture of supports for enzymes and the production of alcohols and other chemical products under the biorefinery scheme.
ARGO-YBJ Experiment: Shower front time structures

ARGO-YBJ is operating in its complete layout since 2007 allowing a complete and detailed threedimensional reconstruction of the shower front with unprecedented spatial and time resolution. The space-time structure of extensive air showers depends on primary mass, energy and arrival direction and on the interaction mechanisms with air nuclei. Measurements of shower parameters with several detection techniques would be required for a detailed knowledge of the shower front. A flat array like ARGO-YBJ can measure the particles arrival times and their densities at ground. The digital readout allows detecting shower secondary particles down to very low density and the high space-time granularity is able to provide a fine sampling of the shower front close to the core. The time profile of the shower front can be reconstructed by the time of fired pads. Particles within several tens of meters from the shower core are expected to form a curved front. Indeed, to reconstruct the primary particle arrival direction, the space-time coordinates (position and time of fired pads in the event) can be fitted to a cone whose axis crosses the core position at the ground. The arrival times of the particles are fitted by minimizing the following quantity:
EFFECTIVE AND PRAGMATIC APPROACH TOWARDS CLUSTER ANALYSIS FOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL BIG DATA USING FEATURE SUBSET SELECTION

Data mining comprise the huge set of data with enormous and high dimensional format because of the number of attributes can easily be in the unexpected and large volume. With this understanding and analysis with the nature of highdimensional space, or hyperspace, is very important, especially when hyperspace is not behaving like more familiar geometry in multiple dimensions. Data is classically broken down for the analysis for a data warehouse into dimensions such as time period, product segment and the geographical location. Measurements are separated into classes. For time these could be months, quarters or years. Highlight subset choice is the procedure of selecting a subset of important element for the development of a model or better characterization and portrayal of the data. The center idea of the component subset choice strategy is that the crude data we are utilizing has numerous improper, excess and unessential elements. Repetitive elements are those components those give no data when contrasted with officially chose highlight and superfluous element can be considered as an element of no utilization in setting of the data. Highlight determination systems are the subset of the Feature extraction field. Highlight extraction makes new International Journal of Computing and Corporate Research ISSN (Online) : 2249-054X Volume 6 Issue 3 May 2016 International Manuscript ID : 2249054XV6I3052016-01 Approved by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India Registered URL : http://www.ijccr. com elements from the property set or the first components, while highlight determination gives back a subset of the elements. In this work, we have utilized Correlation based Feature determination for the diminishment of the measurements. Which makes us force random or some predefined limitations on the quantity of characteristics considered amid the development of a model. We have additionally taken qualities in thought as highlight as our decision or we can dispose of a characteristic taking into account the handiness of that particular trait for examination. In this research work, we come to know about the attributes we are selected by make use of the corelated algorithm in which subset co-relation is measured in a very effective manner.
Use of clay minerals for reducing sewage sludge's microbial load and nitrogen losses

Purpose Preserving sewage sludge's N is important for its agronomic use, although N losses are not considered by the most common sludge's stabilization processes. This could possibly be achieved by treating sludge with certain clay minerals, which could retain N as NH4 + into their structure. Methods Nine clay minerals, i.e. low and high grade bentonite, low and high grade bentonite treated with Na2CO3, saponite, attapulgite, mixed clay of saponite and attapulgite, thermally modified attapulgite and zeolite (i.e. clinoptilolite), and Ca(OH)2 were added to dewatered sewage sludge at rates of 0, 10, 20 and 30% (wet weight basis) (treatments). The mixtures were equilibrated for 70 days and analyzed for certain properties. Results The microbial indicators (load) of sludge treated with both untreated bentonite, attapulgite, mixed clay of saponite and attapulgite and zeolite, added at the rate of 30%, decreased compared to the control, drastically in certain cases (100%), and as it was expected, were not detectable in all Ca(OH)2 treatments. All the aforementioned minerals' treatments were performed also well regarding sludge's retention capacity of inorganic N, with the attapulgite and zeolite treatments containing the significantly highest amounts of NO3-N and NH4-N, respectively. On the other hand, the treatments with both bentonites treated with Na2CO3 had the lowest inorganic N concentration, which was similar to that of the Ca(OH)2 treatment. Conclusions Certain clay minerals, such as natural bentonite, attapulgite, mixed clay of saponite and attapulgite and zeolite, seem promising materials for the stabilization of sewage sludge and preservation of its N content.
Immune exclusion by naturally-acquired secretory IgA to the pneumococcal pilus-1.

Successful infection by mucosal pathogens requires overcoming the mucus barrier. To better understand this key step, we performed a survey of the interactions between human respiratory mucus and the human pathogen S. pneumoniae. Pneumococcal adherence to adult human nasal fluid was seen only by isolates expressing pilus-1. Robust binding was independent of pilus-1 adhesive properties but required Fab-dependent recognition of RrgB, the pilus shaft protein, by naturally-acquired secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). Pilus-1 binding by specific sIgA led to bacterial agglutination, but adherence required interaction of agglutinated pneumococci and entrapment in mucus particles. To test the effect of these interactions in vivo, pneumococci were preincubated with human sIgA prior to intranasal challenge in a mouse model of colonization. sIgA-treatment resulted in rapid immune exclusion of pilus-expressing pneumococci. Our findings predict that immune exclusion would select for non-piliated isolates in individuals who acquired RrgB-specific sIgA from prior episodes of colonization with piliated strains. Accordingly, genomic data comparing isolates carried by mothers and their children showed that mothers are less likely to be colonized with pilus-expressing strains. Our study provides a specific example of immune exclusion involving naturally-acquired antibody in the human host, a major factor driving pneumococcal adaptation.
Time-Frequency Linearization of Reactive Cortical Responses for the Early Detection of Balance Losses

Aiming at finding a fast and accurate preimpact fall detection (PIFD) strategy, this paper proposes a novel methodology that precociously discriminates the occurrence of unexpected loss of balance from the steady walking, by analyzing the subject’s cortical signal modifications (at the scalp level) in the time-frequency domain. In this study, the subjects were asked to walk at their preferred speed on the treadmill platform programmed to provide unexpected bilateral slippages. The proposed PIFD method exploits synchronously recorded electromyographic (EMG: 2 channels from the same lower limb muscle bundle, bilaterally) and electro-encephalographic (EEG: 13 channels from motor, sensory-motor and parietal cortex areas) signals. To validate the method offline, also, the lower limb kinematics has been reconstructed via a motion capture system (23 reflective markers and 8 fixed cameras). During the PIFD system functioning, the EMG signals from the lateral gastrocnemii are first translated in a binary waveform and then used to trigger the EEG analysis. Once enabled via EMG (every gait cycle), the EEG computation branch extracts and linearizes the rate of variation in the EEG power spectrum density (PSD) for five bands of interests: θ (4–7 Hz), α (8–12 Hz), β I, β II, β III rhythms (13–15 Hz, 16–20 Hz, and 21–28 Hz). The slope of the linearized trend identifies, in this context, the cortical responsiveness parameter. Experimental results from six subjects revealed that the proposed system can distinguish the loss of balance with an overall accuracy of ~96% (average value between sensitivity and specificity). The discrimination process requests, on average, 370.6 ms. This value could be considered suitable for the implementation of countermeasures aimed at restoring the balance of the subject.
Policy Explanation in Factored Markov Decision Processes

In this paper we address the problem of explaining the recommendations returned by a Markov decision process (MDP) that is part of an intelligent assistant for operator training. When analyzing the explanations provided by human experts, we observed that they concentrated on the “most relevant variable”, i.e., the variable that in the current state of the system has the highest influence on the choice of the optimal action. We propose two heuristic rules for determining the most relevant variable based on a factored representation of an MDP. In the first one, we estimate the impact of each variable in the expected utility. The second rule evaluates the potential changes in the optimal action for each variable. We evaluated and compared each rule in the power plant domain, where we have a set of explanations, including the most relevant variable, given by a domain expert. Our experiments show a strong agreement between the variable selected by human experts and that selected by our method for a representative sample of states.
An improved denoising autoencoder for multimodal industrial process monitoring combined with Gaussian mixture mode

Process monitoring is a crucial part of industrial manufacture, which plays a significant role in ensuring the equipment operation safety and improving the product quality. However, conventional algorithms tend to have low robustness and cannot solve the problem of nonlinearity and extract the multimodality information at the same time. This paper proposes an improved process monitoring model based on the existing algorithms to solve the problems above. To be specific, denoising autoencoder (DAE) is utilized to decompose and reconstruct the data with artificially added Gaussian noise, which can analyze the nonlinear process and improve the robustness of the model. Gaussian mixture model (GMM) then is applied to accurately describe the multivariate normal distribution of the low dimensional features, which can solve the problem of the inability to extract multimodal information. Finally, the Bayesian inference distance (BID) statistic is calculated, and then its control limit is obtained by introducing kernel density estimation (KDE). The case studies on the Three-phase Flow Facility process verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Identification of OOV words in Turkish texts

Bu calismada, Turkce metinler icin sozluk disi kelime (SDK) tespiti yapabilen anlamsal bir cizge agi modeli sunulmustur. Dogal dil isleme (DDI) alaninda, bicimbirimsel cozumleyiciler, kelime analizi esnasinda bilinmeyen kelime (BK)’lerle karsilasabilmektedirler. Bu durum daha cok, bu tip araclarin cozumleme esnasinda aday bulabilmeleri icin bir sozluge bagimli olduklari durumlarda olusmaktadir. Bazen, bir cozumleyici madde basi adaylarinin sozlukte mevcut olmamasi sebebiyle hicbir madde basi adayini bulamamaktadir. Bu durum cozumleme cikti degerini dusurebilmektedir. Sozluk disi kelime (SDK) tespiti icin onerilen model, sozlukler icin uygun olabilecek sozluk disi kelimeleri tespit edebilmektedir. Ayrica cizge veri tabaninda birliktelik iliskileri kullanilarak bir anlamsal alt-ag olusturulmus ve yeni esdizimliliklerin madde basi olarak onerilecek sekilde kesfedilmesi amaciyla kullanilmistir.
Effect of alkaline peroxide pretreatment on fibre composition of various lignocellulosic residues

Purpose: The aim of this work is to determine the effect produced by alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) pretreatment on the composition of several lignocellulosic residues. These residues represent an abundant carbon-neutral renewable energy source. However, the major challenge in their hydrolysis to obtain fermentable sugars for several bio-products production is the cell wall recalcitrance, which must be reduced by an adequate pretreatment of the residue. Method: Rice husk, exhausted sugar beet cossettes, wheat straw and sunflower steam were used as the raw materials in this work. AHP pretreatment was performed under the same conditions for all the residues. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide at 4% (w/v) and pH = 11.5 at a solid/liquid ratio of 1:20 (w/v) was added to each solid and the mixtures were incubated at 30oC for 24h. After that, the pre-treated solids were filtered, washed and dried in an oven at 40oC for 24h. The composition of the solids, before and after the pretreatment was analysed. Results: Fibre composition varies between the tested wastes, showing rice husk the highest lignin content. After the pretreatment, a high percentage of lignin was lost (5585%), while cellulose content remained almost constant for all the solids. However, hemicellulose content losses differed between the different residues. Conclusion: AHP pretreatment is a simple and efficient method for solubilisation of lignin, although hemicellulose is also solubilized. The main advantage of this pretreatment is that cellulose content is not affected resulting in a substantial concentration. Thus, as a consequence of AHP pretreatment the total fermentable sugars content of the residues increases between 10% and 25%.
Low-cost magnetic materials containing waste derivatives as catalyst for removal of organic pollutants: insights into the reaction mechanism and odd aspects

Purpose Hybrid magnetite/maghemite nanoparticles (MNP) coated by waste-sourced Bio-Based Substances (BBS) have been synthesized and studied for the degradation of phenol, chosen as model pollutant, in water. Methods A systematic study has been undertaken in order to rationalize MNP-BBS behavior and optimize its performance. The effect of experimental parameters, such as light irradiation, added hydrogen peroxide and the ratio hydrogen peroxide/MNP-BBS concentrations, was studied. The generation of hydroxyl radicals was assessed, and the recovery and re-cycle of the material was investigated. Results The obtained results indicate that the phenol degradation can be attained by both Fenton and photo Fenton processes, with higher efficiency in dark condition, in the presence of a suitable amount of hydrogen peroxide. Evidence has been obtained on the role of iron ions leached from the materials as well as of organic matter released in solution upon partial photodegradation of the organic coating. The reusability tests indicate a lower but still acceptable performance of the material. Conclusions The optimization of the experimental conditions to achieve the highest efficiency in substrate degradation was performed and fundamental insights into the MNP-BBS Fenton-like reaction mechanism were obtained. Furthermore, an odd aspect in the material synthesis via coprecipitation has been evidenced, which should be taken into account for future studies.
Macroinvertebrate Response to Large Wood Stream Restoration on Cobble Dominated Streams in Southern Oregon's Klamath Siskiyou Mountain Range

The removal of channel forming structures has simplified streams in Southern Oregon’s Klamath Siskiyou coastal mountain range. This has had a negative effect biologically, reducing habitat for a range of aquatic organisms. Because of this, the replacement of large debris has become fundamental in terms of stream restoration. Yet, there is still some controversy on how large wood application restoration practices affect different species of macroinvertebrates. This study looked to determine whether or not large wood placements on cobble dominated stream systems in Southern Oregon’s Klamath Siskiyou coastal range has an effect on macroinvertebrate species composition by statistically modeling changes in macroinvertebrate
Nonlinear dynamics of toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes driven by energetic particles

Nonlinear frequency chirping of toroidal Alfén eigenmodes (TAE) driven by energetic particles is investigated by kinetic simulations in toroidal plasmas. It is found that the up–down symmetry of the frequency chirping of a TAE is broken due to an anisotropic pitch-angle distribution with dominant co-passing energetic particles. The nonuniform distribution of the free energy associated with the initial energetic particle distribution causes biased driving forces that result in a strongly asymmetric frequency chirping. The evolution of the perturbed distribution function in the phase space shows that a hole–clump pair moves together towards the magnetic axis for the small pitch-angle parameter cases. The downward chirping of the mode frequency is associated with the negative drift of the phase island in the KAM surfaces or the resonance δf structures in the radial direction. On the other hand, the energetic particle distribution with larger pitch-angle parameters leads to upward chirping of the TAE frequency. The upward chirping is due to the drifting of the resonance structure towards the boundary of the simulation region and overlapping of different poloidal resonances in the ( , E) phase space at the late stage. The phase space dynamics provides a key mechanism for understanding the wave chirping direction and particle transport process.
Effects of Education on Climate Risk Vulnerability in the Philippines: Evidence from Regional Panel Data

The effects of climate change are being felt disproportionately in the world’s poorest countries and among those groups of people least able to cope. The Philippines, being a storm-lashed nation, is one country having high climate change vulnerability and low climate change resilience. A number of researches have suggested investments on adaptation which place strong emphasis on reducing vulnerability to climate change. Focusing on climate change vulnerability in the Philippines, this study examines the effect of one particular type of government intervention: increasing the level of education. In this study, the effect of education on vulnerability to climate change is examined in a regional panel data analysis using official Philippine statistics from the Natural Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), Labor Force Survey (LFS), National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB). Using the fixed-effects Poisson (FEP) regression model, the study establishes that at the community level, the number of employed college graduates is a significant factor that reduces climate risk vulnerability (measured by number of deaths from natural disasters), controlling for other factors such as number of disasters, gross regional domestic product (GRDP), and population size.
Crisis as the Touchstone of Trust: The Story between the Enterprise and Banks

Showing Young Associate Professor Department of Business Management National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan young@cm.nsysu. edu.tw Abstract Much current work in social sciences seeks to understand the role and development of trust in the network of modern society. However, the development process of the trust remains unclear. To explore the dynamic process of crisis and trust, this paper primarily examines on the role that trust plays in the financial manager’s network relation, and the influence of its interaction with the banks. This study focuses on a state-owned enterprise in Taiwan that suffered from financial crisis and downsizing. Systems thinking combined with narrative inquiry are adopted to investigate the dynamic change of relationship between the enterprise and banks before and after crisis. The findings show that trust becomes considerably important when an enterprise suffers from a financial crisis, and the relation between the enterprise and banks tends to change after the crisis. Finally, an integrative model for crisis and trust is proposed to improve Webb’s model and contributes to interpret the dynamic relation of crisis and trust. Keyword: Social Network, Trust, Crisis, Narrative Inquiry, Systems Thinking
Hydrothermal manganoan chamosite from the vein and replacement Pb-Zn ore deposits, Madan district, Bulgaria

Chlorites are common minerals from the vein and replacement Pb-Zn deposits in the Madan ore district. They are formed as a product of alteration of the mafic rock-forming silicates of the embedding gneissic rocks and of pre-ore skarns. In many cases chlorites are directly deposited from the hydrothermal fluids in the open space of druse cavities in veins and in pores and vugs of the porous replacement marblehosted skarn-ore bodies. In these cases they crystallized as pseudohexagonal crystals and spherulitic aggregates on the surfaces of sulphide and quartz crystals. Chemically, chlorites are determined as manganoan chamosites. The Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratio varies in the range 0.55–0.87, whereas the Mn content reaches 0.54 apfu. As the Al is less than Al in the most of the analyses, the octahedral occupancy is lower than 6 apfu, resulting in the presence of up to 0.19 apfu octahedral vacancies (ٱ). Besides the Tschermak substitution of type SiMg ↔ AlAl, other cation substitutions are also presented: Fe ↔ Mg, 2Al ↔ 3Mg + , and Fe ↔ Mn. The following unit-cell parameters were obtained from XRD study: a 5.384(9) Å; b 9.332(5) Å; c 14.196(2) Å; α 90.932(2)°; β 97.264(9)°; γ 88.814(7)°; V 707.471(9) Å. The chlorites are trioctahedral, as indicated by the decreased intensity of the odd 00l reflections: 001 (14.06 Å / 16.0), 003 (4.70 Å / 18.9) and 005 (2.82 Å / 9.6) and belong to II polytype. The calculated temperatures of formation using the Cathelineau’s (1988) equation range from 300 to 360°C and are in accordance with those measured from fluid inclusions in associated quartz (Th 308-330°C). The formation of manganoan chamosites is closely related to the main sulphide vein and metasomatic mineralization in the Madan deposits.