Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MUSS: Multilingual Unsupervised Sentence Simplification by Mining Paraphrases

Progress in sentence simplification has been hindered by a lack of labeled parallel simplification data, particularly in languages other than English. We introduce MUSS, a Multilingual Unsupervised Sentence Simplification system that does not require labeled simplification data. MUSS uses a novel approach to sentence simplification that trains strong models using sentence-level paraphrase data instead of proper simplification data. These models leverage unsupervised pretraining and controllable generation mechanisms to flexibly adjust attributes such as length and lexical complexity at inference time. We further present a method to mine such paraphrase data in any language from Common Crawl using semantic sentence embeddings, thus removing the need for labeled data. We evaluate our approach on English, French, and Spanish simplification benchmarks and closely match or outperform the previous best supervised results, despite not using any labeled simplification data. We push the state of the art further by incorporating labeled simplification data.
Sense and Sentiment

In this paper we examine existing sentiment lexicons and sense-based sentiment-tagged corpora to find out how sense and concept-based semantic relations effect sentiment scores (for polarity and valence). We show that some relations are good predictors of sentiment of related words: antonyms have similar valence and opposite polarity, synonyms similar valence and polarity, as do many derivational relations. We use this knowledge and existing resources to build a sentiment annotated wordnet of English, and show how it can be used to produce sentiment lexicons for other languages using the Open Multilingual Wordnet.
The Devadasi System: An Exploitation of Women and Children in the name of God and Culture

This article looks at an ancient tradition of India called devadasis, which literally means “servant of God”. It requires girls as young as four years to be ‘married’ or ‘dedicated’ to a temple deity. Once a revered practice, over time the traditions evolved allowing women and children to become sexually exploited in the name of God. Looking at the reasons for the difficulty in combating this issue, this paper will first analyse its practices through a historical lense. Secondly, the extent of this exploitative practice will be discussed, and a major objective will be to explore the cultural underpinnings of a practice that permits the sexual exploitation of minors under the guise of religion which leads to sexual servitude and trafficking. This paper analyses the reasons for its continued practice and will conclude with some recommendations for improving the status of these vulnerable persons.
A PTITUDE OF C OFFEE ( COFFEA ARABICA L . ) AND C ACAO ( THEOBROMA CACAO L . ) CROPS CONSIDERING CLIMATE CHANGE A

L. ) and coffee ( Coffea arabica L. ) crops were evaluated, in climate change scenarios in the Soconusco region, Chiapas, Mexico and the areas where the aptitude of the land increased or decreased were de(cid:2)ned. The above provides information to recommend its management and conservation. Twomethodologies were used: weighting of factors and limiting factors; both based on the optimal and extreme tolerance values of each crop for each edaphoclimatic requirement. First one, for the determination of potential areas for the establishment of crops; the second one, for differentiation of the combinations of environmental variables that took place within the study area. Climate change scenarios were evaluated and the distribution and aptitude areas were determined. Also, a comparison was made between current and future suitability for both crops to quantify the impact of climate change. The results indicate that the future aptitude of the land will have a decrease in the potential areas for the establishment of both crops that range between 4.5 and 4.8% for coffee and from 7.2 to 9.3% for cocoa.
A Corpus of Simulated Counselling Sessions with Dialog Act Annotation

We present a corpus of simulated counselling sessions consisting of speech- and text-based dialogs in Cantonese. Consisting of 152K Chinese characters, the corpus labels the dialog act of both client and counsellor utterances, segments each dialog into stages, and identifies the forward and backward links in the dialog. We analyze the distribution of client and counsellor communicative intentions in the various stages, and discuss significant patterns of the dialog flow.
LIP-RTVE: An Audiovisual Database for Continuous Spanish in the Wild

Speech is considered as a multi-modal process where hearing and vision are two fundamentals pillars. In fact, several studies have demonstrated that the robustness of Automatic Speech Recognition systems can be improved when audio and visual cues are combined to represent the nature of speech. In addition, Visual Speech Recognition, an open research problem whose purpose is to interpret speech by reading the lips of the speaker, has been a focus of interest in the last decades. Nevertheless, in order to estimate these systems in the currently Deep Learning era, large-scale databases are required. On the other hand, while most of these databases are dedicated to English, other languages lack sufficient resources. Thus, this paper presents a semi-automatically annotated audiovisual database to deal with unconstrained natural Spanish, providing 13 hours of data extracted from Spanish television. Furthermore, baseline results for both speaker-dependent and speaker-independent scenarios are reported using Hidden Markov Models, a traditional paradigm that has been widely used in the field of Speech Technologies.
Far-ﬁeld representation for the vertical force on a ﬂoating structure

Equations are derived that relate the vertical hydrodynamic force on two- and three-dimensional structures that are ﬂoating in a ﬂuid of inﬁnite depth to the far-ﬁeld dipole coefﬁcient in the velocity potential. By an application of Green’s theorem to the radiation or scattering potential and a suitable test potential, the heave added mass, the heave damping and the vertical exciting force are shown to be expressible in terms of the dipole coefﬁcient in the relevant potential. The results add to the known reciprocity relations, which relate quantities such as the damping and the exciting force to the amplitude of the far-ﬁeld radiated wave. The expressions are valid at all frequencies, and their high- and low-frequency asymptotics are investigated.
Growth Phase- and Cell Division-Dependent Activation and Inactivation of the (cid:2) 32 Regulon in Escherichia coli (cid:1) †

Alternative sigma factors allow bacteria to reprogram global transcription rapidly and to adapt to changes in the environment. Here we report on growth- and cell division-dependent (cid:1) 32 regulon activity in Escherichia coli in batch culture. By analyzing (cid:1) 32 expression in growing cells, an increase in (cid:1) 32 protein levels is observed during the ﬁrst round of cell division after exit from stationary phase. Increased (cid:1) 32 protein levels result from transcriptional activation of the rpoH gene. After the ﬁrst round of bulk cell division, rpoH transcript levels and (cid:1) 32 protein levels decrease again. The late-logarithmic phase and the transition to stationary phase are accompanied by a second increase in (cid:1) 32 levels and enhanced stability of (cid:1) 32 protein but not by enhanced transcription of rpoH . Throughout growth, (cid:1) 32 target genes show expression patterns consistent with oscillating (cid:1) 32 protein levels. However, during the transition to early-stationary phase, despite high (cid:1) 32 protein levels, the transcription of (cid:1) 32 target genes is downregulated, suggesting functional inactivation of (cid:1) 32 . It is deduced from these data that there may be a link between (cid:1) 32 regulon activity and cell division events. Further support for this hypothesis is provided by the
Aesthetic Evaluation of Artforms in RGPM: User’s Perspective

RGPMs have been used extensively as authenticated proofs and identities. However, users’ choices of good or bad passwords are heavily influenced by the design of the artforms embedded in these RGPM. The aesthetics or useful information available in RGPM can aid or hinder users understanding and memorability. The implication is that design choices need to be carefully considered when making usability and security-related modifications to RGPM artforms or user interface. This study therefore evaluates the aesthetic nature of some existing RGPM from the perspective of 274 university students and investigated whether the aesthetics of RGPM have significant impacts on these usability and security factors. This aim is achieved by using a questionnaire based on seventeen aesthetic factors of artforms: balance, contrast, emphasis, form, harmony, line, movement, pattern, plane, point, proportion, rhythm, shape, style, texture, value and variety. The results identify the aesthetic factors that need to be given more consideration when designing RGPM and shows that diverse outlook derived from area of specialization gives different evaluation outcome.
A MapReduce-Based Big Spatial Data Framework for Solving the Problem of Covering a Polygon with Orthogonal Rectangles

The polygon covering problem is an important class of problems in the area of computational geometry. There are slightly different versions of this problem depending on the types of polygons to be addressed. In this paper, we focus on finding an answer to a question of whether an orthogonal rectangle, or spatial query window, is fully covered by a set of orthogonal rectangles which are in smaller sizes. This problem is encountered in many application domains including object recognition/extraction/trace, spatial analyses, topological analyses, and augmented reality applications. In many real-world applications, in the cases of using traditional central computation techniques, working with real world data results in a performance bottlenecks. The work presented in this paper proposes a high performance MapReduce-based big data framework to solve the polygon covering problem in the cases of using a spatial query window and data are represented as a set of orthogonal rectangles. Orthogonal rectangular polygons are represented in the form of minimum bounding boxes. The spatial query windows are also called as range queries. The proposed spatial big data framework is evaluated in terms of horizontal scalability. In addition, efficiency and speed-up performance metrics for the proposed two algorithms are measured.
Web Caching with Consistent Hashing

A scable web caching system needs to be robust to the dynamic changes of the cache server nodes while ensuring high cache hit rates. This paper presents an implementation of the consistent hashing algorithm based on a hash ring to address issues of high cache miss rates resulting from adding and removing cache server nodes in a naive implementation of distributed key hashing. Experiments with simulated internet traffic on the Stanford myth cluster demonstrates that our implementation supports flexible removal and creation of cache server nodes and achieves high cache hit rates compared to a benchmark naive implementation of distributed caching.
Mutational Analyses of Packaging Signals in Inﬂuenza Virus PA, PB1, and PB2 Genomic RNA Segments (cid:1)

The inﬂuenza A virus genome consists of eight negative-sense RNA segments that must each be packaged to produce an infectious virion. We have previously mapped the minimal cis -acting regions necessary for efﬁcient packaging of the PA, PB1, and PB2 segments, which encode the three protein subunits of the viral RNA polymerase. The packaging signals in each of these RNAs lie within two separate regions at the 3 (cid:1) and 5 (cid:1) termini, each encompassing the untranslated region and extending up to 80 bases into the adjacent coding sequence. In this study, we introduced scanning mutations across the coding regions in each of these RNA segments in order to ﬁnely deﬁne the packaging signals. We found that mutations producing the most severe defects were conﬁned to a few discrete 5 (cid:1) sites in the PA or PB1 coding regions but extended across the entire (80-base) 5 (cid:1) coding region of PB2. In sequence comparisons among more than 580 inﬂuenza A strains from diverse hosts, these highly deleterious mutations were each found to affect one or more conserved bases, though they did not all lie within the most broadly conserved portions of the regions that we interrogated. We have introduced silent and conserved mutations to the critical packaging sites, which did not affect protein function but impaired viral replication at levels roughly similar to those of their defects in RNA packaging. Interest-ingly, certain mutations showed strong tendencies to revert to wild-type sequences, which implies that these putative packaging signals are critical for the inﬂuenza
Multligual Speaker Verification with Different Normalization Techniques

— A Multilingual Speaker verification (MSV) system has shown very poor performance when speaker model training is done in one language while the testing is done in another. It is because of mismatching of phonetic contents of speech utterances, construction of dialects variability, different speaking styles, accents and other language dependent attributes of different languages, which is a major problem. In this paper we report the experiment that carried out on the recently collected multilingual speaker recognition database Arunachali Language Speech Database (ALS-DB) and developed a baseline system for speaker verification in multilingual environment applying different normalization techniques. The collected database is evaluated with Gaussian Mixture Model-Universal Background Model (GMM-UBM) and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) with its first and second order derivatives combined with Prosodic features as a front end feature vectors. Typically, the speaker model has been constructed by applying MAP adaptation algorithm from the UBM. The performance of the speaker verification system has been improved by applying Cepstral Mean Normalization (CMN) and Cepstral Variance Normalization (CVN) at the feature level and score normalization technique Zero-normalization (Z-Norm), test-normalization (T-norm) in the score level as well as distance-normalization (D-norm) at speaker model level. In this works, it has been observed the performance of the MSV system in terms of EER of 11.08%,10.30%,10.00%, and 8.90% for the GMM-UBM + Z-Norm, GMM-UBM+ T-Norm, GMM-UBM+ D-Norm and GMM-UBM + T-Norm + D_Norm respectively for language matching and mismatching environments . It has been observed that for language mismatching condition D-Norm shows better performance than T-Norm and Z-Norm. Combining T-Norm and D-Norm the performance of MSV system improved by approximately 2.00% of its recognition rate. Similarly, for language matching conditions T-Norm shows better performance than that of Z-Norm and D-Norm. The performance of the MSV system enhanced up to 95.00% accuracy of recognition rate, while applying the combined T-Norm with D-Norm in the same baseline system.
Design and Development Framework of Safety-Critical Software in HTR-PM

With the development of information technology, the instrumentation and control system of nuclear power plant nowadays rely heavily on the massive and complex software to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the power plant. The improvement of the software design and development for the safety systems has been a research focus for its decisive impact on the nuclear safety. The framework of the software design and development for reactor protection system in High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor-Pebble bed Module was introduced in this paper. Firstly, during the design period, in addition to multichannel redundancy, grouping of protection variables and diverse 2-out-of-4 logics were adopted by different subsystems of each channel in case of common cause failure. Then a series of development characteristics together with strict software verification and validation were performed. Thirdly, during the software test period, an improved software reliability growth model based on the Goel-Okumoto model according to the analysis of fault severity was proposed to help in estimating the reliability of the software product and identifying the software release time.
Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 1A2 Cooperates with Phosphatidylinositol-4 Kinase III (cid:2) To Stimulate Production of Filopodia through Increased Phosphatidylinositol-4,5 Bisphosphate Generation (cid:1)

Eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha 2 (eEF1A2) is a transforming gene product that is highly expressed in human tumors of the ovary, lung, and breast. eEF1A2 also stimulates actin remodeling, and the expression of this factor is sufﬁcient to induce the formation of ﬁlopodia, long cellular processes composed of bundles of parallel actin ﬁlaments. Here, we ﬁnd that eEF1A2 stimulates formation of ﬁlopodia by increasing the cellular abundance of cytosolic and plasma membrane-bound phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P 2 ]. We have previously reported that the eEF1A2 protein binds and activates phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase III beta (PI4KIII (cid:1) ), and we ﬁnd that production of eEF1A2-dependent PI(4,5)P 2 and generation of ﬁlopodia require PI4KIII (cid:1) . Furthermore, PI4KIII (cid:1) is itself capable of activating both the production of PI(4,5)P 2 and the creation of ﬁlopodia. We propose a model for extrusion of ﬁlopodia in which eEF1A2 activates PI4KIII (cid:1) , and activated PI4KIII (cid:1) stimulates production of PI(4,5)P 2 and ﬁlopodia by increasing PI4P abundance. Our work suggests an important role for both eEF1A2 and PI4KIII (cid:1) in the control of PI(4,5)P 2 signaling and actin remodeling. (cid:2)
University Pollen Morphology of the Genus Campylotropis (Leguminosae) in Thailand and Its Systematic

2020 ABSTRACT. – Pollen grains of seven species of the genus Campylotropis in Thailand were described and illustrated based on investigations by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pollen grains were found to be generally monad, isopolar, radially symmetric and prolate. Apertures were tricolporate with lalongate endoapertures. The margo along colpi was psilate, perforate or absent. Exine ornamentation was microreticulate or microreticulate to reticulate, with lumina size diminishing toward the aperture. Types of lumina were a vertical or declined margin. The results of this study illustrated characteristics that can assist investigation of some Campylotropis pollen grains at interspecific level: presence and type of margo, type of ornamentation and type of lumina margin. Palynological studies of Campylotropis bonii , C. harmsii and C. pinetorum are firstly reported here. In addition, palynological description of each species, photographs and identification key to species based on palynological evidence are also
Vertical stratiﬁcation of plant-pollinator 1 interactions in a temperate grassland 2

11 Visitation of plants by different pollinators depends on individual plant traits, spatial context, and other factors. A neglected aspect of small-scale variation of plant-pollinator interactions is the role of vertical position of ﬂowers. We conducted a series of experiments to study vertical stratiﬁcation of plant-pollinator interactions in a dry grassland. We observed ﬂower visitors on cut inﬂorescences of Centaurea scabiosa and Inula salicina placed at different heights above ground in two types of surrounding vegetation: short and tall. Even at such a small-scale, we detected signiﬁcant shift in total visitation rate of inﬂorescences in response to their vertical position. In short vegetation, inﬂorescences close to the ground were visited more frequently, while in tall vegetation, inﬂorescences placed higher received more visits. Moreover, we found major differences in the composition of the pollinator community on ﬂowers at different heights. In a second experiment, we measured ﬂower visitation rate in inﬂorescences of Salvia verticillata of variable height. Total ﬂower visitation rate increased markedly with inﬂorescence height in this case. Data on seed set of individual plants provide evidence for a corresponding positive pollinator-mediated selection on increased inﬂorescence height. Overall, our results demonstrate strong vertical stratiﬁcation of plant-pollinator interactions at the scale of mere decimetres. This may have important ecological as well as evolutionary implications.
Leaky Forms: A Study of Email and Password Exfiltration Before Form Submission

Web users enter their email addresses into online forms for a variety of reasons, including signing in or signing up for a service or subscribing to a newsletter. While enabling such functionality, email addresses typed into forms can also be collected by third-party scripts even when users change their minds and leave the site without submitting the form. Email addresses—or identiﬁers derived from them—are known to be used by data brokers and advertisers for cross-site, cross-platform, and persistent identiﬁcation of potentially unsuspect-ing individuals. In order to ﬁnd out whether access to online forms is misused by online trackers, we present a measurement of email and password collection that occurs before the form submission on the top 100 , 000 websites. We evaluate the effect of user location, browser conﬁguration, and interaction with consent dialogs by comparing results across two vantage points (EU/US), two browser conﬁgurations (desk-top/mobile), and three consent modes. Our crawler ﬁnds and ﬁlls email and password ﬁelds, monitors the network trafﬁc for leaks, and intercepts script access to ﬁlled input ﬁelds. Our analyses show that users’ email addresses are exﬁltrated to tracking, marketing and analytics domains before form submission and without giving consent on 1 , 844 websites in the EU crawl and 2 , 950 websites in the US crawl. While the majority of email addresses are sent to known tracking domains, we further identify 41 tracker domains that are not listed by any of the popular blocklists. Furthermore, we ﬁnd incidental password collection on 52 websites by third-party session replay scripts.
CONCISE COMMUNICATIONS Polymorphism of the Interleukin-10 Gene Is Associated with Susceptibility to Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

There are indications that the cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 has a regulatory role in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–induced infections. Because the human IL-10 gene demonstrates polymorphism resulting in interindividual differences in cytokine production, the frequencies of the alleles deﬁned by the base exchange polymorphism at the position 2 1082 (allele , allele 1 5 G ) were analyzed in EBV-seronegative adults, seropositive adults, and in patients hos- 2 5 A pitalized because of a severe EBV infection. The frequencies of allele 1 were 0.80, 0.46, and 0.29, respectively. Because this allele is associated with a high IL-10–producing capability, these data suggest that high IL-10 levels protect against EBV infection and, conversely, that low IL-10–producing capability makes individuals more susceptible to a severe EBV infection. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a B lymphotropic herpesvirus, is associated with several benign and malignant disease manifestations. Most people become latently infected with the virus before adulthood In adults seroconversion is rare, and » 5% of adults remain seronegative, probably for Acute EBV infection is mostly asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic but can present also as infectious mononucleosis (IM), espe-cially during and of acute include tonsillitis, acute by