Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Morphological Diversity of Ethiopian Indigenous Chickens Using Multivariate Discriminant Analysis of Morphometric Traits for Sustainable Utilization and Conservation

This study aimed to differentiate indigenous chicken populations of four administrative zones including Kaffa, Sheka, Metekel, and Bale based on morphometric measurements using multivariate analysis. Data on quantitative traits were collected from 3069 adult indigenous chickens of both sexes. Live weight (LW), body length (BL), breast circumference (BC), wingspan (WS), shank length (SL), shank circumference (SC), keel length (KL), back length (BkL), and neck length (NL) were recorded. A cluster and discriminant analysis was applied to identify the combination of variables that best differentiate among chicken populations. Results indicated that Metekel chickens were characterized by higher LW, BL, KL, and BkL and differed from other groups (P < 0.05). Sheka chickens demonstrated the highest BC, WS, SL, SC, and NL being different from others (P < 0.05). Cluster analysis generated two distinct groups in which chickens of Bale and Sheka were clustered in one group while those of Metekel and Kaffa in another group each separated with sub-clusters. All Mahalanobis distances among the four chicken populations were significant being the shortest between Sheka and Bale chickens and the longest between those of Metekel and Bale (P < 0.0001). Three statistically significant (P < 0.001) canonical variables (CAN) were extracted of which CAN1 and CAN2 accounted for 73.2 and 14.6% of the total variations, respectively. The scatter plot generated by canonical discriminant analysis showed that CAN1 effectively discriminated between chickens of Metekel and Kaffa while the CAN2 best discriminated against those of Bale and Sheka. The discriminant analysis correctly classified 95.3, 94.9, 92.3, and 82.2% of Metekel, Bale, Kaffa, and Sheka chickens into their origin population, respectively. The current study revealed that multivariate analysis of morphometric traits provided a practical basis for differentiating the indigenous chicken populations into different groups. However, the authors recommend genetic characterization studies to validate the detected morphometric-based differentiation in chicken populations.
Backside Laser Testing of Single-Event Effects in GaN-on-Si Power HEMTs

We present backside laser testing of gallium nitride (GaN) power devices on Si substrate using optical parameters compatible with three-photon absorption in GaN and single-photon absorption in the substrate. The laser/device interaction is described. Two different kinds of transients are observed at the gate electrode and analyzed. The technique allows identifying the sensitive regions of the devices and generating destructive events.
Effects of UV-C and CF-3 on quality of postharvest litchi

The quality and physiological of ‘Guangxi black leaf'litchi after treatment with ultraviolet( UV-C) and Bacillus subtilis CF-3 have been investigated in low temperature. Result showed that the treatment of ultraviolet combined with Bacillus subtilis CF-3 had significantly inhibited the increasing of browning index and mildew index in low temperature. The good fruit rate of this treatment had 84. 44% especially in 21d,which was significantly higher than that of CK group. It not only improved the sensory qualities of litchi,but also significantly delayed the consumption of nutrients such as Vc and TSS. It also inhibited the cell membrane permeability,the increasing of MDA content,and the changing of POD and PPO activity. Additionally,it slowed the decreasing of total phenolics content and SOD activity. Thus it delayed the speed of aging of litchi and could better keep the flavor and quality of litchi during the storage.
Human occupation continuity in southern Italy towards the end of the Middle Palaeolithic: a palaeoenvironmental perspective from Apulia

After the last interglacial [Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e] Europe was affected by several harsh climatic oscillations. In this context southern Italy acted, like the rest of peninsular Mediterranean Europe, as a ‘glacial refugium’, allowing the survival of various species, and was involved in the spread of ‘cold taxa’ (e.g. woolly mammoth and woolly rhino) only during the coldest phases (MIS 4 and MIS 2). Both late Mousterian and early Upper Palaeolithic sites testify to a human occupation continuity in southern Italy and especially in Apulia in this time span. Here we present a focus on three key Apulian Palaeolithic sequences (Grotta di Santa Croce, Riparo L'Oscurusciuto and Grotta del Cavallo – layers F‐E) jointly spanning from the late MIS 4 to the demise of Neanderthals around 43 ka. Novel chronological, sedimentological and zooarchaeological data are discussed for the first time in the light of the palaeoenvironmental information provided by recent analyses carried out on a speleothem from Pozzo Cucù cave (Bari) and the results of the magnetic susceptibility analysis from Riparo L'Oscurusciuto. This integrated reading allows a better understanding of the role played by the Apulian region as both a refugium for late Neaderthals and a suitable habitat for the early settling of modern humans.
Civil rights as patient experience: How healthcare organizations handle discrimination complaints

The nondiscrimination clause of the Affordable Care Act, known as Section 1557, formally expanded patients ’ civil rights in nearly every healthcare setting in the United States in 2010. Regulations required healthcare organizations to name a person to handle grievances and set up an internal grievance process for resolving them. Drawing on interviews with 58 healthcare grievance handlers, this study examines how healthcare organizations respond to patients ’ discrimination complaints. We find that organizations incorporated the new right into preexisting complaint and grievance procedures, treating possible patient civil rights violations as patient experience problems. Grievance handlers smooth over problems using customer service strategies. These procedures diminish the efforts of policymakers to expand civil rights protections in healthcare. For civil rights to provoke real organizational change, discrimination complaints would need to be handled by professionals attuned to rights consciousness. healthcare civil rights on the ground as well as for sociolegal theorizations of rights mobilization in organizations. We show that even under conditions of great attentiveness to patient grievances — often entire departments devoted to them with money at stake — it is possible to diminish and explain away patients ’ claims, while doing little to address discrimination or systemic inequality in US healthcare provision. Approaching problems as rights violations rather than patient experience problems would mean taking conflict seriously, making a way for acknowledging forces such as rac-ism, sexism, transphobia, and homophobia as drivers of health disparities.
Damping characteristics of a magneto-rheological damper with dual independent controllable ducts

This paper presents the damping characteristics of a linear magneto-rheological (MR) damper with dual controllable ducts based on numerical and experimental analysis. The novel MR damper consisting of a dual-rod cylinder system and a MR valve is used to reduce the influences of viscous damping force and improve dynamic range. Driven by the dual-rod cylinder system, MR fluid flows in the MR valve. The pressure drop of the MR valve with dual independent controllable ducts can be controlled by tuning the current of two independent coils. Based on the mathematical model and the finite element method, the damping characteristics of the MR damper is simulated. A prototype is designed and tested on MTS machine to evaluate its damping characteristics. The results show that the working states and damping force of the MR damper can be controlled by the two independent coils.
Los Alcoholes como disolventes orgánicos para la obtención de pastas celulósicas

Se hace una extensa revision bibliografica, con 140 referencias, sobre el estado actual del pasteado mediante la utilizacion de alcoholes. Se describen, entre otros, los principales procesos que utilizan etanol (Alcell, MCOganocell y ASA E) y metanol (Organocell y ASAM). Se considera la aplicacion de diferentes procesos de pasteado que utilizan alcoholes a maderas frondosas y coniferas, asi como a diversas materias primas alternativas como residuos agricolas y agroindustriales y vegetales anuales.
Self-Regulation in Early Writing Strategy Instruction

Abstract Experimental research on strategy instruction for beginning writers has only recently begun. This study investigated the role of self-regulation instruction in Grade 1 strategy learning. In a pretest-post-test quasi-experiment, 120 Grade 1 students participated in a unit of study on personal narrative in one of three conditions: (1) Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD), which included instruction in goal-setting, strategy steps, coping, self-monitoring, and self-reinforcement; (2) strategy instruction only (SO), which focused on the goal and steps of the strategy; (3) a control condition. Students in both strategy conditions, relative to the control, made large, statistically significant gains in text quality, word count, story features, and self-regulation knowledge. The SRSD condition resulted in greater self-regulation knowledge than the SO condition, which resulted in greater knowledge than the control. Pretest text quality did not interact significantly with condition. The effect of instruction on text quality was largely mediated by post-test self-regulation knowledge.
Residual fractions from Arthrospira platensis protein extraction as feedstock for ethanol production

Abstract Microalgae are promising raw materials for biorefinery systems as they are rich in nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, pigments). Although there are different studies on the production of ethanol from microalgae with different types of pre-treatments for the utilisation of whole biomass, researches of ethanol production from residues of protein extraction from defatted biomass of Arthrospira platensis biomass has not been found in the literature. In this context, the objective of this study was to use the residues of the protein extraction process to produce ethanol (byproduct) in a biorefinery concept. Enzymatic hydrolysis (pH 5.5; 50 °C) were carried out with different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5% (v/v)) of the enzymes α-amylase and amyloglucosidase (AMG), added simultaneously. For the fermentation stage conducted with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, four different media were tested (H – pure hydrolysate; C1 – control 1, reduced sugars in the same proportion of medium H; C2 – control 2, simulating the production of sugarcane ethanol; HS – hydrolysate supplemented with nutrients in order to obtain the same composition as C2). The medium H presented better results than the others, it produced 8.06 g/L of ethanol over 12 h, with a 100% theoretical yield of ethanol. These results indicate that the nutrients present in the hydrolysate of the residual fractions were sufficient to promote yeast growth and ethanol production. Moreover, the results from this work show the feasibility to obtain protein concentrate and ethanol from Arthrospira platensis, in an integrated process. HIGHTLIGHTS It was possible to perform an integrated process to extract proteins and produce bioethanol from S. platensis. Nutrients on hydrolysate from residual fractions was sufficient to promote yeast growth and bioethanol production. Bioethanol production from hydrolysed residual fractions was 100% efficient.
A Review of I–V Tracers for Photovoltaic Modules: Topologies and Challenges

Current–voltage (I–V) curve tracers are used for measuring voltage and current in photovoltaic (PV) modules. I–V curves allow identifying certain faults in the photovoltaic module, as well as quantifying the power performance of the device. I–V curve tracers are present in different topologies and configurations, by means of rheostats, capacitive loads, electronic loads, transistors, or by means of DC–DC converters. This article focuses on presenting all these configurations. The paper shows the electrical parameters to which the electronic elements of the equipment are exposed using LTSpice, facilitating the appropriate topology selection. Additionally, a comparison has been included between the different I–V tracers’ topologies, analyzing their advantages and disadvantages, considering different factors such as their flexibility, modularity, cost, precision, speed or rating, as well as the characteristics of the different DC–DC converters.
Novel and extendable genotyping system for Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus based on whole-genome sequence analysis

Background: Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of respiratory infections, especially in infants and young children. Previous RSV sequencing studies have primarily focused on partial sequencing of G gene (200-300 nucleotides) for genotype characterization or diagnostics. However, the genotype assignment with G gene has not recapitulated the phylogenetic signal of other genes and there is no consensus on RSV genotype definition. Methods: We conducted Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analysis with 10 RSV individual genes and whole-genome sequence (WGS) that are published in GenBank. RSV genotypes were assigned by the statistical support monophyletic clusters with at least 10-year detection time from the WGS phylogeny. Results: In this study, we first statistically examined the phylogenetic incongruence, rate variation for each RSV gene sequence and WGS. We then proposed a new RSV genotyping system based on a comparative analysis of WGS and the spatial and temporal distribution of each lineage. We also provided an RSV classification tool to perform RSV genotype assignment. Conclusions: This revised RSV genotyping system will provide important information for disease surveillance, epidemiology, and vaccine development.
The Mycobacterium avium complex - an underestimated threat to humans and animals.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is a group of acid-resistant bacteria within the Mycobacteriaceae. Their cell walls have a specific structure impervious to many disinfectants. Mycobacteria are widespread in the environment and can also be found in food. This aim of the article is to review the current state of knowledge about the sources of infection, symptoms and treatment of MAC diseases in humans and animals, and summarizes the available methods for identifying the bacteria. It pays a special attention to the zoonotic potential of MAC bacteria and possible routes of transmission between humans and animals, including possible food-borne routes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE. MAC bacterial infections occur both in immunocompetent people and those with functional predispositions and compromised immunity, particularly during HIV infection or immunosuppressive treatment. The incidence of MAC infections in humans is growing, with the most common form of infection being pulmonary disease (MTC-PD); however, there are conflicting reports on the role of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) in the development of Crohn's disease. MAC bacteria can also attack livestock, household pets, and wild animals. Unfortunately, treatment is lengthy and often fails due to microbiological relapse; there is also increasing evidence of MAC bacteria are developing multi-drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS Although new antibiotics are being created to inhibit the growth and division of Mycobacterium avium, there is clearly a need for further research into the virulence factors associated with MAC bacteria. Further studies should also examine the role of MAP in the etiopathogenesis of Crohn's disease.
Photogrammetric analysis of multispectral and thermal close-range images

Sensors capable of multispectral and thermal imaging beyond visible bands offer many analysis possibilities for environmental monitoring. Different sensor images constitute an important source of information especially in the fields of agriculture, forestry, geology and energy. Photogrammetric studies have been affected by this development in recent years and have been used in the production of multispectral and thermal models besides the RGB model. However, due to geometric and radiometric resolution differences, it is difficult to combine or evaluate models produced from different types of sensors. In this study, the three-dimensional test field images obtained with RGB, multispectral and thermal sensors were oriented and modeled photogrammetrically. The accuracies of the control points on the produced models were compared and discussed. When the results are examined, control point accuracy was obtained as almost similar as in the RGB model after the orientation based on automatic feature matching. Automatic feature detection and matching in thermal images were not robustly produced due to low geometric resolution. For this reason, manual measurements were performed in thermal images, and the photogrammetric orientation and adjustment process was done accordingly. The fused evaluation approach considering RGB, multispectral and thermal images in one photogrammetric model was also implemented and discussed.
On the Use of the Time-Integrals of the Output in Observer Design for Nonlinear Autonomous Systems

The goal of this article is to show that the observation scheme recently proposed for linear systems by Menini et al. in 2019, achieving good performance in the presence of a high-frequency measurement disturbance, can be adapted to be used for nonlinear autonomous systems. The design is based on the use of the time-integrals of the measured output and requires the availability of a state observer able to provide a rough estimate of the state; the proposed scheme can be then understood as an observer postprocessing algorithm. For the implementation of the proposed scheme, the time-integrals of the output are required to express as functions of the state of the system. Such functions are called directional antiderivatives; in the article, conditions to guarantee their existence and methods for their computation, in closed-form or by approximation, are resumed. The performance of the proposed observation scheme is illustrated through an example.
Establishing threshold value of surface free energy and binder bond strength parameters for basaltic asphalt mixes

The present work was undertaken to establish the possible threshold values for Surface Free Energy (SFE) and Binder Bond Strength (BBS) methods for screening asphalt-aggregate systems to ensure excellent moisture damage resistance. A total of sixteen combinations of asphalt-aggregate systems consisted of warm mix additives (WMA) and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) and WMA-RAP combinations. In addition, the study evaluates the effects of RAP, WMA, and WMA-RAP on compatibility ratio (CR), bitumen bond strength ratio (BSR), and indirect tensile strength ratio (TSR) for different combinations of aggregate-asphalt system. The results showed that compatibility and bond strength between asphalt binders and aggregates deteriorated with the addition of RAP and WMA additives. Threshold criteria for CR and BSR values were identified as 4.80 and 0.90, respectively, with reasonably good accuracy of 90% for the SFE method and 75% for the BBS method. The threshold values, along with the practical framework established in the present study, would help the highway agencies select the most compatible asphalt-aggregate combinations.
What if not all land is created equal? The role of heterogeneous land when assessing the impact of trade liberalization on developing countries

Land is a key input in agriculture, which is the most important sector in terms of employment and foreign exchange earnings in many developing countries. The way in which land is modeled is therefore crucial for understanding the impact of trade liberalization in developing countries. Our objective is to assess if the expected impact of trade liberalization on developing countries, which plays a central role in the current Doha development round, is affected by differences in land endowments. Our analysis relies upon a recent GTAP-compatible land use dataset containing data on land endowments, harvested area and yields by crop, agro-ecological zone and country. Given the prominent role of agriculture in our analysis we start from the GTAP-AGR model. Instead of defining production by AEZ we maintain a single production function by crop (as in GTAP-AGR) but redefine the single type of land as a land aggregate composed of land of different AEZs. We then add a nest to the production function to determine the composition of this land aggregate. By assuring that this land nest captures the productivity differences of land across AEZs we incorporate the same amount of information in the model as with defining production by AEZ (differences in yields across AEZs) without having an explosion of the model’s dimensions. The aim of this study is to assess whether heterogeneity of land affects the expected impact of trade liberalization on developing countries. We therefore compare the results of the model including the productivity differences across AEZs (GTAP-AEZ) with the findings of GTAP-AGR. First tests with a full trade liberalization scenario resulted in modestly lower gains from trade liberalization found in the first tests of the impact of heterogeneous land.
A Classical-Keynes Model of Money and Finance for Transiting Economies

Marx stands for ‘classical’ and ‘Keynes’ is represented by the stock-flow-consistent framework of Godley–Cripps–Lavoie. Agriculture proxies for basics in the classical departmental schema and does not dissolve into manufacturing. We establish the primacy of commercial/central bank money in the production and circulation of basics. Financial institutions mediate between savers and investors in the production of capital goods. Finally, corporations can issue shares to underwrite their investment plans. Financialisation is captured by share buybacks. JEL Codes: B52, E12
An Improved Online Multiclass Classification Algorithm Based on Confidence-Weighted

SUMMARY Online learning is a method which updates the model gradually and can modify and strengthen the previous model, so that the updated model can adapt to the new data without having to relearn all the data. However, the accuracy of the current online multiclass learning algorithm still has room for improvement, and the ability to produce sparse models is often not strong. In this paper, we propose a new Multiclass Truncated Gradient Conﬁdence-Weighted online learning algorithm (MTGCW), which combine the Truncated Gradient algorithm and the Conﬁdence-weighted algorithm to achieve higher learning performance. The experimental re-sults demonstrate that the accuracy of MTGCW algorithm is always better than the original CW algorithm and other baseline methods. Based on these results, we applied our algorithm for phishing website recognition and image classiﬁcation, and unexpectedly obtained encouraging experimental re-sults. Thus, we have reasons to believe that our classiﬁcation algorithm is clever at handling unstructured data which can promote the cognitive ability of computers to a certain extent.