Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation and experimental measurement of side-aspect target strength of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at high frequency

Numerical simulations and empirical measurements of swimming Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were used to describe the effects of fish behavior on side-aspect target strength (TS). Simulation results were based on the numerical solution of the Helmholtz equation with the finite element method (FEM). A three-dimensional geometric model approximated the shape of the swimbladder of an Atlantic salmon. Numerical simulations were used to study the dependence of TS on the fish length, orientation, and swimming behavior. The results showed strong variation in TS, both when the side-aspect angle was changed and when the swimbladder was bent to the direction of the sonar beam. A total of 11 swimming adult Atlantic salmon 62107 cm long were measured with a horizontally aimed echosounder (200 kHz) and video camera, and the experimental results were compared with the corresponding simulation results. The linear regression between mean TS and the logarithm of fish length (L, cm) was TS = 24.4log10(L)  72.9 dB. The str.
The Arabidopsis thaliana AtSUC2 Gene is Specifically Expressed in Companion Cells

: Polyclonal antisera against a fusion protein of β-galactosidase and the 20 C-terminal amino acids of the Arabidopsis thaliana sucrose carrier AtSUC2 were used to determine the cellular localization of the AtSUC2 protein. Using fluorescence-labelling on sections from different organs of Arabidopsis the AtSUC2 protein was immunolocalized exclusively in companion cells. The presented data indicate that phloem loading in Arabidopsis may be catalyzed by the AtSUC2 sucrose carrier which transports sucrose into the companion cells. No evidence for a participation of the second Arabidopsis sucrose transporter AtSUC1 has been obtained.
A population-viability-based risk assessment of Marbled Murrelet nesting habitat policy in British Columbia

The Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus Gmelin) is a small threatened seabird of the Pacific coast of North America. Through simulation modelling we varied the long-term minimum amounts and quality (nesting density) of old-forest nesting habitat to examine effects on murrelet population viability, our measure of population resilience. Applying diffusion approximations we estimated population longevity and persistence probability under uncertainties of at-sea demography and onshore edge effects affecting nesting success, time scale, spatial scale, and subpopulation structure. We cast our analysis in a Bayesian belief and decision network framework. We also applied the framework to spatially explicit land-use and murrelet inventory data for the northern mainland region of the British Columbia coast. We found a diminishing expected value of persistence probability (EVP), for a single independent population, below a nesting capacity of ≈5000 nesting pairs (≈15 000 birds), accelerating below 2000 pairs.
The Implementation of Phonic Method for Enhancing Very Young Learners’ Vocabulary

Teaching a foreign language especially vocabulary for very young learners are more challenging than teaching an adult. Interesting and fun activities are needed for very young learners to enhance their abilities to learn new foreign language vocabulary. If teachers do not use appropriate teaching methods to teach English vocabulary, the achievement of the learning process may not work well. One of the methods that can be used is the phonic method. This study intends to find out the effect of the phonics method to enhance very young learners’ English vocabulary. This is qualitative research. The population of this research is 15 children of one playgroup in Tahuna Sangihe Regency, who are 4 to 5 years old. This research data is learning activity at single-letter-sound. The research data are learning activity at single-letter-sound. In every activity, young learners are introduced three single-letterphonics sound at the beginning of the words. There are two steps to do this activity; 1. To introduce a letter and its phonic sound. 2. New words gaining. As a result of this research young learners are easy to pronounce correctly and remember the letters and its sound, and the words. The result shows that the phonic method could enhance these young learners’ vocabulary.
Tackling Peer-to-Peer Discrimination in the Sharing Economy

Sharing economy platforms such as Airbnb and Uber face a major challenge in the form of peer-to-peer discrimination based on sensitive personal attributes such as race and gender. As shown by a recent study under controlled settings, reputation systems can eliminate social biases on these platforms by building trust between the users. However, for this to work in practice, the reputation systems must themselves be non-discriminatory. In fact, a biased reputation system will further reinforce the bias and create a vicious feedback loop. Given that the reputation scores are generally aggregates of ratings provided by human users to one another, it is not surprising that the scores often inherit the human bias. In this paper, we address the problem of making reputation systems on sharing economy platforms more fair and unbiased. We show that a game-theoretical incentive mechanism can be used to encourage users to go against common bias and provide a truthful rating about others, obtained through a more careful and deeper evaluation. In situations where an incentive mechanism can’t be implemented, we show that a simple post-processing approach can also be used to correct bias in the reputation scores, while minimizing the loss in the useful information provided by the scores. We evaluate the proposed solution on synthetic and real datasets from Airbnb.
CHARACTERIZING SWEET POTATO GERM PLASM, USING PAGE ON ROOTS GROWN IN VITRO

Characterization is a major aspect of germ plasm conservation. General plant germ plasm collections are now estimated to aggregate several millions of accessions because of extensive duplications (Williams 1989). The maintenance of such duplicates is expensive and could be avoided by characterizing the genotypes before they are incorporated into collections. Nowadays, beside field characterization (extremely important from the breeder’s point of view), sophisticated methods based on fragmenting DNA molecules by restriction enzymes (RFLPs) have been developed to identify precisely each genotype. Nevertheless, methods involving polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of proteins and isoenzymes are still a fast and practical tool for germ plasm characterization, especially to identify duplicates and mislabelled materials. Isoenzyme electrophoresis provides a description that is relatively unaffected by the environment and is economical and simple to use.
Phenotypic Variations of Endophytic Bacteria Associated with Carob Tree (Ceratonia Siliqua L.)

We aimed to characterize 83 endophytic bacteria isolated from roots (73 isolates coded IRC) and epicotyls (11 isolates coded IEC) of young Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) seedlings. These seedlings were obtained from seeds collected in several regions in Morocco. 30 IRC and 4 IEC were selected on the basis of PCR-Pep for the further analyses. All the strains exhibited a wide tolerance to NaCl and 30 % tolerated well concentration up to 11 % NaCl. Strains showed also a wide tolerance to the variable pH. 60 % of strains grew well at pH4. Most of the strains were resistant to different antibiotics but were sensitive to kanamycin and tetracycline. The strains showed a resistance to heavy metals except mercury chloride that was toxic at a low concentration 50 µg. ml-1. According to their phenotypical features, the associative bacteria were very similar to eight symbiotic bacteria previously identified by Missbah in 1996 and used in this work.
Influence of Organizational Justice and Job Satisfaction on Teacher’s Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is an important behavior possessed by teachers. This research aims to analyses the impact of organizational justice and job satisfaction on teacher’s OCB. This study was conducted using a sequential explanatory method. The population and sample of this research were Islamic school teachers in Tenjolaya District, Bogor, West Java. Data was directly collected from the participants using questionnaires. The results show that both organizational justice and job satisfaction positively affected teacher’s OCB. Organizational justice shows significant correlation on teacher’s OCB. Job satisfaction also found do positive correlation with teacher’s OCB. Significant correlation also found between organizational justice and job satisfaction. Further, other factors are identified can improve teacher’s OCB, including transformational leadership, organizational commitment, organizational culture, and teacher motivation.
Closing the K-FAC Generalisation Gap Using Stochastic Weight Averaging

In this paper we present a novel adaptation of Stochastic Weight Averaging (SWA) in the context of the second order optimisation of deep neural networks. We propose to combine SWA with Kronecker-factored Approximate Curvature (K-FAC), and we empirically show, by testing on various neural network architectures on the CIFAR-100 data-set, that we close some of the generalisation gaps with negligible additional computational cost and no negative impact on the efﬁciency of the algorithm. We also ﬁnd that the SWA variant of K-FAC outperforms different variants of SGD and Adam in test accuracy
Effects of Jasmonates on in vitro Tuberization in Several Potato Cultivars that Differ Greatly in Maturity

Abstract Late-maturing cultivars of potato form tubers much later than early-maturing cultivars in a field. Jasmonic acid (JA) induced in vitro tuberization in various cultivars that differed greatly in maturing time. Airborne J A-Me was also able to induce tuberization in all the cultivars tested. However, the early- or late-maturing habit (maturity) affected largely their tuberizing response to JA; the later the maturing time of the cultivar, the lower the response. The etiolated shoots developed from the tubers of late-maturing cultivars had longer internodes than the early-maturing cultivars, suggesting that the levels of endogenous gibberellins (GA) in them are higher in the former than in the latter. Since gibberellic acid strongly inhibited J A-induced tuberization, the lower tuberizing response of late-maturing cultivars to JA may be attributable to high levels of endogenous GA. An exceptional result was obtained in an extremely late-maturing cultivar, which had a medium length of internodes but showed high tuberization in response to J A. These results suggest that not only GA but also jasmonates are the key factors determining maturity; either a higher level of GA or a lower level of jasmonates may predispose the cultivars to have a late-maturing habit.
THE BRIDGE BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE

Practicum courses at the senior year of the preschool teacher training programs are essential to transfer theoretical knowledge into practice. Although the theoretical part of the preschool teacher training program applied in every education faculty in Turkey is mostly standard and prepared by the Higher Educational Council, there are differences related with the school characteristics, classroom teacher and the course advisor’s expectations from the teacher candidates. In this study, daily activity plans prepared by the senior students of the preschool teacher education program from five different universities located in Ankara are analyzed by content analysis in terms of variables such as selected outcomes, activity types, materials, group activities, developmental areas focused and assessment methods. These variables not only show the instructional planning skills of the teacher candidates but also their teaching philosophy, creativity, interdisciplinary transfer and child care philosophy. It is expected that, by finding out these areas to be strengthened, both the theoretical and the practical dimensions of the teacher education will be improved.
Verifying Memory Properties of Safety-Critical Java Programs

Java is a common and popular programming language with a wide range of tools designed specifically to aid development or verify specific properties. The introduction of SCJ has seen a novel programming paradigm that is designed specifically for make Java more applicable to safety-critical systems where certification is essential. Memory safety is an important property in any program, however, the failure of a safety-critical system could potentially have more serious consequences. It is not possible to apply the tools and techniques for Java programs to SCJ; therefore, this document discusses what is necessary to reason about memory safety in SCJ programs. We describe a starting point that contains an abstract language and a series of rules that must be obeyed in order to guarantee memory safety.
The Regional Institute-Molecular approaches in improving wheat allelopathy

The rapid development of herbicide resistance in weed species has posed an increasing threat to sustainable agricultural production. Crop allelopathy provides a viable alternative in managing resistant weed populations. Crop plants can produce and exude allelochemicals into their surroundings to suppress weed growth. Wheat (Triticum aestivum), as one of the world's important crops, has been studied in depth for its allelopathic potential in weed management. Research on wheat allelopathy has progressed rapidly from the initial evaluation of allelopathic potential to the identification of allelochemicals and genetic markers associated with wheat allelopathy. Allelopathic activity varied among wheat accessions. Significant varietal differences in the production of allelochemicals were also found. In comparison with weakly allelopathic accessions, strongly allelopathic accessions produced significantly higher amounts of allelochemicals in the shoots or roots of young seedlings, and also exuded larger amounts of allelochemicals into the growth medium. Two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with wheat allelopathy have been identified. Recent advances in metabolomics, transcriptomics and proteomics will greatly assist in the identification of genes encoding the biosynthesis of allelochemicals. Plant cytochrome P450s catalyse myriad biosynthetic pathways of plant secondary metabolites. A number of cytochrome P450s have been reported and cDNAs of these P450s are now readily available for further identification of new P450 families and subfamilies. The cloned cDNA genes could be manipulated to regulate the biosynthesis of allelochemicals, thereby resulting in better weed suppression via elevated levels of allelopathic potential in commercial wheat cultivars.
Export Performance, Innovation, and Productivity in Indian Manufacturing Firms

This study re-examines the relationship between export performance and productivity in manufacturing firms in India for the period 2003-2015, using firm level information. Departing from the earlier studies on India economy, we argue that product innovations boost export performance of the economy. The hypothesis being that, in the post-economic-reforms era competitive export market scenario, productivity alone, without product innovation and participation in R and D cannot drive export performance. We observe that the argument of highly productive firms entering the export market without reallocating resources towards innovation and R and D seems to be invalid in our sample. Nevertheless, we find in our sample, that productivity as a selection criterion coupled with advertising and marketing strategies explains participation in R and D in boosting exports.
How Socio-Technical Landscape Can Innovate Energy Transitions in Cities? A Conceptual Framework

This paper provides a conceptual frame that how socio-technical landscape components of the Multilevel Perspective can stimulate energy transitions in cities by taking a case of Beijing city. It adopts a theoretical coding method with the help of a methodical literature review to define the main sectors of energy consumption/carbon emission and sociotechnical landscape components in a coherent way to support energy transitions. The recurring strands of the main sources of carbon emission—local and regional transportation, coal combustion, industrial production, fugitive dust, and others, are described first. Lately, the main factors of socio-technical landscape—political support, macro-economic trends, spatial structure, demographic trends, media, and societal values, are described as a framework of multi-sectoral cooperative interplay to minimize energy consumption, carbon emission, and improving the air quality of the city. The study intends to illuminate the pathways of energy transitions for urban planners and policy makers to make our urban localities even more resilient and a sustainable. Keywords—urban planning, innovative landscape, sustainable development, energy consumption
Piranha: Reducing Feature Flag Debt at Uber

Feature flags are commonly used in mobile app development and can introduce technical debt related to deleting their usage from the codebase. This can adversely affect the overall reliability of the apps and increase their maintenance complexity. Reducing this debt without imposing additional overheads on the developers necessitates the design of novel tools and automated workflows.In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of PIRANHA, an automated code refactoring tool which is used to automatically generate differential revisions (a.k. a diffs) to delete code corresponding to stale feature flags. PIRANHA takes as input the name of the flag, expected treatment behavior, and the name of the flag’s author. It analyzes the ASTs of the program to generate appropriate refactorings which are packaged into a diff. The diffis assigned to the author of the flag for further processing, who can land it after performing any additional refactorings.We have implemented PIRANHA to delete code in Objective-C, Java, and Swift programs, and deployed it to handle stale flags in multiple Uber apps. We present our experiences with the deployment of PIRANHA from Dec 2017 to May 2019, including the following highlights: (a) generated code cleanup diffs for 1381 flags (17% of total flags), (b) 65% of the diffs landed without any changes, (c) over 85% of the generated diffs compile and pass tests successfully, (d) around 80% of the diffs affect more than one file, (e) developers process more than 88% of the generated diffs, (f) 75% of the generated diffs are processed within a week, and (g) PIRANHA diffs have been interacted with by~200 developers across Uber. Piranha is available as open source at https://github.com/uber/ piranha.CCS CONCEPTS• Software and its engineering → Software maintenance tools.
Variability in the spawning habitat of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) off southern and central California

The spatial pattern of sardine spawning as revealed by the presence of sardine eggs is examined in relation to sea surface temperature (SST) and mean volume backscatter strength (MVBS) measured by a 150 kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) during four spring surveys off central and southern California in 1996–99. Studies in other regions have shown that MVBS provides an excellent measure of zooplankton distribution and density. Zooplankton biomass as measured by survey net tows correlates well with concurrently measured MVBS. The high along-track resolution of egg counts provided by the Continuous Underway Fish Egg Sampler (CUFES) is a good match to the ADCP-based data. Large interannual differences in the pattern and density of sardine eggs are clearly related to the concurrently observed patterns of surface temperature and MVBS. The strong spatial relationship between sardine eggs and MVBS is particularly evident because of the large contrast in zooplankton biomass between the 1998 El Nino and 1999 La Nina. The inshore distribution of sardine spawning appears to be limited by the low temperatures of freshly upwelled waters, although the value of the limiting temperature varies between years. Often there is an abrupt offshore decrease in MVBS that is coincident with the offshore boundary of sardine eggs. Possible reasons for this association of sardine eggs and high zooplankton biomass include an evolved strategy that promotes improved opportunity of an adequate food supply for subsequent larval development, and/or adult nutrient requirements for serial spawning. Hence, the distribution of these parameters can be used as an aid for delineating the boundaries of sardine spawning habitat.
TITLE: BRCC36, a Novel Subunit of a BRCA1 E3 Ubiquitin Ligasa Complex: Candidates for BRCA3

We have previously reported the identification and characterization of a novel BRCA1/2 interacting protein complex, BRCC (BRCA1/2-containing complex). BRCC36, one of the proteins in BRCC, directly interacts with BRCA1, and regulates the ubiquitin E3 ligase activity of BRCC. Importantly, BRCC36 is aberrantly expressed in the vast majority of breast tumors, indicating a potential role in the pathogenesis of this disease. To further elucidate the functional consequence of abnormal BRCC36 expression in breast cancer, we have done in vivo silencing studies using small interfering RNAs targeting BRCC36 in breast cancer cell lines, i.e., MCF-7, ZR-75-1, and T47D. Knock-down of BRCC36 alone does not affect cell growth, but when combined with ionizing radiation (IR) exposure, it leads to an increase in the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis when compared with the small interfering RNA control group in breast cancer cells. Immunoblot analysis shows that inhibition of BRCC36 has no effect on the activation of ATM, expression of p21 and p53, or BRCA1BARD1 interaction following IR exposure. Importantly, BRCC36 depletion disrupts IR-induced phosphorylation of BRCA1. Immunofluorescent staining of BRCA1 and ;-H2AX indicates that BRCC36 depletion prevents the formation of BRCA1 nuclear foci in response to DNA damage in breast cancer cells. These results show that down-regulation of BRCC36 expression impairs the DNA repair pathway activated in response to IR by inhibiting BRCA1 activation, thereby sensitizing breast cancer cells to IR-induced apoptosis. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(10): 5039-46)
Obedience-based Multi-Agent Cooperation for Sequential Social Dilemmas

We propose a mechanism for achieving cooperation and communication in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) settings by intrinsically rewarding agents for obeying the commands of other agents. At every timestep, agents exchange commands through a cheap-talk channel. During the following timestep, agents are rewarded both for taking actions that conform to commands received as well as for giving successful commands. We refer to this approach as obedience-based learning. We demonstrate the potential for obedience-based approaches to enhance coordination and communication in challenging sequential social dilemmas, where traditional MARL approaches often collapse without centralized training or specialized architectures. We also demonstrate the flexibility of this approach with regards to population heterogeneity and vocabulary size. Obedience-based learning stands out as an intuitive form of cooperation with minimal complexity and overhead that can be applied to heterogeneous populations. In contrast, previous works with sequential social dilemmas are often restricted to homogeneous populations and require complete knowledge of every player’s reward structure. Obedience-based learning is a promising direction for exploration in the field of cooperative MARL.