Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The man who loved to count and the incredible story of the 35 camels

ABSTRACT 2015 marked the 120th anniversary of the birth of Brazilian mathematics professor, storyteller and writer Julio Cesar de Mello e Souza. Under the pen name Malba Tahan, he published a seminal, widely translated book on recreational mathematics. We reveal the origin of his best-known story, the riddle of the 35 camels to be divided among three sons, in proportions of one half, one third and one ninth. This riddle is cleverly solved by adding one camel before dividing them amongst the brothers, and then subtracting two camels afterwards. We discuss the question of this puzzle's origins and provide all the solutions to the more general puzzle in which the number of camels and the proportions are permitted to vary. Finally, we conclude that Tahan, the man who loved to count, really existed.
Model Based Engineering in Education : A Multi-Case Study on Perception of Tools and UML

While several benefits of using models in software engineering have been observed in practice, the adoption of modeling remains low. Multiple challenges of using models, especially related to tools, have been reported both for industrial use and for education. However, there is a lack of systematic, empirical investigations of the challenges in modeling education and their relation to industrial challenges. Therefore, we conducted a multiple-case study with two cases, in the U.S and Sweden, focusing on students’ perceptions towards tooling and UML in education. Our data collected from 369 student evaluation surveys, enriched with qualitative data, shows that the students’ perception of modeling tools depends not only on the complexity of tools, but rather on multiple contextual factors, including tool characteristics, scope of course and project contents, nature of the required models, and the tools’ role in generating executable artifacts. We conclude that there is a need for tailoring modeling tools for education beyond focusing on simplification and usability. Furthermore, due to the broad diversity within the modeling domain, there is a need for adapting the use of tools to the specific curriculum and course learning objectives.
Effects of a Multinutrient Supplement on Anxiety, Aggression, and Impulsivity in a Normal Rat Population

1 1.0 Introduction 2 1.1 General Overview 2 1.2 EMP+ 3 1.3 Anxiety, Aggression, and Impulsivity 6 1.4 Rat Studies 8 1.4. 1 Anxiety 8 1.4. 2 Aggression 9 1.4. 3 Impulsivity 10 1.5 Human Studies 11 1.5. 1 Related Literature 13 1.6 Mechanisms of Action 14 1.7 The Present Study 17 2.0 Aims and Hypotheses 19 3.0 Method 20 3.1 Subjects 20 3.2 Diet and Rationale for Doses 22 3.3 Apparatus and Behavioural Measures 24 3.3.1 Acoustic Startle Paradigm 27 3.3.2 Resident Intruder Paradigm 28 3.3.3 Impulsivity in T-Maze 29 3.4 Rationale for Behavioural Measures 31 4.0 Statistical Analyses 34
Design of an application for credit scoring and client suggestion

Risk assessment on loan application is vital for many financial institutions. Most financial institutions have already applied methods of credit scoring and risk assessment in order to evaluate their clients in terms. These systems are often based on deterministic or statistical algorithms. In this context, techniques from artificial intelligence and data mining present themselves as valid alternatives to build such classification systems. In this paper some studies are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of neural networks as a classification system and improvements upon those classifiers are proposed. Furthermore, a suggestion algorithm is also presented to help clients whose loan applications are refused and provide some explanation on why their loan is refused. Finally an agent based architecture is presented to integrate all algorithms presented in this paper. Index Terms — Artificial Intelligence, Behaviour Prediction, Credit Scoring, Data Mining, Risk Assessment. ————————————————————
Heterologous expression and characterization of a high redox potential laccase from Coriolopsis polyzona MUCL 38443

In this study, a novel laccase gene, named as Cplcc1, and its corresponding cDNA were isolated and characterized from the Coriolopsis polyzona MUCL 38443 strain. The Cplcc1 gene consists of a 1563-bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 520 amino acids with a 20-residue putative signal peptide. The size of the Cplcc1 gene is 2106 bp and it contains ten introns and five potential N-glycosylation sites. Additionally, the isolated full-length Cplcc1 cDNA was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris. The heterologous expression conditions were also optimized and the highest activity value increased to 800 U L-1 with 1.5% methanol, 0.8 mM CuSO4, and 0.6% L-alanine supplementation. The recombinant laccase was partially purified and the molecular weight was found as approximately 54 kDa. The maximum oxidation activity was observed for 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) at pH 3.0. The optimal temperature was found as 70 °C. On the other hand, at 30 °C, the enzyme was stable for more than a week and its half-life was longer than 8 h. The Km, Vmax, kcat, and kcat Km-1 values of the recombinant laccase were identified as 0.137 mM, 288.6 μmol min-1 L-1, 5.73 x 105 min-1, and 4.18 x 106 min-1 mM-1, respectively. Sodium azide, L-cysteine, and SDS were found as usual inhibitors.
Hand-assisted Robotic Approach for Ovarian Cancer Management

Robotic assisted staging surgery has been increasingly employed for a variety of gynecological malignancies such as ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancers. Here we demonstrate a hand-assisted robotic approach for managing ovarian cancer with large tumor mass and predominantly solid components, where mini-laparotomy is performed followed by robotic surgical staging procedures. In this retrospective descriptive analysis of 29 ovarian cancer patients, admitted from December 2011 to May 2014, who had a large tumor mass (≥ 7 cm) and received laparoscopic surgical staging, traditional robotic surgical staging or hand-assisted robotic procedures, we reviewed for patient demographics, surgical procedures, and perioperative parameters. The results were comparable and we conclude the hand-assisted robotic approach offers a safe and feasible way to perform ovarian cancer surgical staging for patients with large tumor masses.
Ontology Mapping for a Legal Question Answering System

Legal information retrieval systems, such question answering, use legal ontologies to represent semantic objects, to associate them with legal documents and to make inferences about them. The ontology mapping process can help users to reuse and compare information from different ontologies. In this paper we present a review on legal ontologies and present an approach to ontology mapping based on argumentation. Individual mappings are computed by specialized agents using different mapping approaches. Next, these agents use argumentation to exchange their local results, in order to agree on the obtained mappings. To each argument is associated a strength, representing how confident an agent is in the similarity of two ontology terms. Based on their preferences and confidence of the arguments, the agents compute their preferred mapping sets. The arguments in such preferred sets are viewed as the set of globally acceptable arguments. This work is part of a question answering system for the legal domain.
Using DEA Window Analysis to Measure the Efficiencies of Blowing Machines in Plastics Industry

Efficiency evaluation is vital in determining whether a production line can achieve its goals or not. The present study aims at assessing the efficiency of five blowing machines in a plastics industry using DEA window analysis in both day and night shifts for the period Feb., 2014 to Jun., 2014. The production quantity is set as the output, whereas the defect quantity and idle time (units) are set as the inputs for all windows. Utilizing the DEA models, the technical, pure technical and scale efficiency values are then calculated in both day and night shifts for each machine. A comparison is conducted between the day and night shifts for each machine. Moreover, comparisons are performed among the efficiency of five machines in both day and night shifts. Improvement actions are then suggested to reduce the inefficiency. Results showed that significant differences exist between day and night shifts for each machine. Directions for improvement are then suggested, which requires managerial as well as operational actions to improve process performance. In conclusions, the thorough analysis and discussion of the results in the present paper provide a valuable evaluation to production managers for improving the performance of blowing processes.
Improved transform based image compression methods

A Modified Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Hybrid image compression methods which use integral transformations are introduced in this paper. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) as implemented in the standard JPEG compression and DWT for its useful multiresolution properties are used first. A Modified DWT method with variable thresholds used to discard some coefficients is suggested. A mathematical model consisting of the proposed Hybrid Method that takes advantage of both the DCT and Modified DWT is then introduced. A new approach to truncate transform coefficients is followed in the proposed method to obtain wide range of bit rates in bits per pixel (bpp). The Modified DWT and proposed Hybrid compression methods are compared to the JPEG and JPEG2000 compression standards. The performances of the suggested methods show clear improvement (about 7dB) in Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio and better Mean Structural Similarity (MSSIM) of the decompressed image (about 22%) compared to the standard JPEG2000 method when operating at the same bit rate.
Ejnikì Metsìbio PoluteqneÐo

Facing the increasing number of robotic agents required in distributed coordinated tasks and due to challenging environment of execution, attempts are made to decrease the amount of explicit information exchanged between them. A possible solution to this problem, is utilizing implicit information which occurs as a sideeffect of robots’ interactions with the environment and can be acquired via sensor measurements. This type of communication is called implicit communication. The goal of this thesis is to completely replace explicit communication with implicit, in the object handling task, where two robots are involved. We use a decentralized leader-follower architecture. The leader’s objective is to implement a desired trajectory profile, while the follower tries to keep up using only force, position and velocity measurements. Two scenarios are explored. In the first, the cooperating agents are nonholonomic mobile robots, the object is bar and the follower-object contact is compliant. The follower uses force-torque measurements to align itself with the object and keep the contact stable. The overall system is modelled as a perturbed car-like system. Therefore, the leader, based on a robustness analysis, imposes a control scheme for the nominal car-like system. In the second, the object is carried by mobile manipulators and all contacts are rigid. Both robots establish an impedance relation on it. The follower robustly estimates leader’s desired trajectory through the motion of the object. Eventually, the position error converges to an arbitrarily small residual set containing the origin.
Irreversible Thermodynamic of a New Model of the Collision Term of the Boltzmann Kinetic Equation Dealing with Gas Mixture affected by a Centrifugal Field

In the present paper, a new model of the collision term, of the Boltzmann Kinetic equation dealing with binary gas mixture affected by a centrifugal field, is introduced. The new model is representing a modification of the BGK (Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook) model of the Boltzmann kinetic equation to be suitable for studying the influence of centrifugal field affected on gases mixture. The scientific achievement of the new model is that it is a very simple model without any mathematical complexity; but without any loss of generality. We shed light upon that the new model is satisfied the conservation of energy, conservation of mass, and conservation of momentum laws, the second law of thermodynamic, and the principle of maximum entropy production that is like the BGK model itself. Complete mathematical model for a centrifugal field, used in Uranium enrichment process affected on gases mixture between two coaxial circular porous rotating cylinders, is presented which is an important application for our new model. We also, introduced the complete irreversible thermodynamics properties of the system for the first time at all, for the best of our knowledge. The entropy, entropy flux, entropy production, thermodynamic forces, kinetic coefficients are presented for our model system. The ratios between the different contributions of the internal energy changes are predicted via the extended Gibbs equation. The main important implementation of the model is the uranium enrichment that is used in nuclear energy generation or nuclear weapons, many medical applications and various industrial amazing applications. The flow of a binary gases mixture of UF6, and N2 between rotating cylinders is the first important suggested problem enforcement of the new model.
Security Flaws of a Password Authentication Scheme for Hierarchical WSNs

With the growing popularity of sensor-based monitoring devices, sensor networks are becoming an essential part of wireless heterogeneous networks and numerous researches have been widely studied in recent years. Recently, Das et al. proposed a dynamic password-based user authentication scheme with dynamic node addition for hierarchical wireless sensor networks (WSNs). They claimed that their scheme achieves better security as compared to those for other existing password-based user authentication approaches. However, we observe that Das et al.'s scheme is vulnerable to smart card breach attack, privileged-insider attack, and many logged-in users' attack and is not easily reparable.
CONVERGENCE IN INDUSTRY EFFICIENCY AND TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION IN AFRICAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

This analysis is aimed to explore the patterns of convergence in efficiency of telecommunication industry, as well as in adoption of major telecommunication services particularly fixed lines, mobile and internet usage from 2000 through 2009 in 30 African Countries. More specifically, it investigates whether: first, there is presence of sigma convergence; that is whether countries which were lagging behind in terms of efficiency in telecommunication industry have been catching up with the better performing countries. Secondly, whether countries have experienced beta convergence; meaning, countries which were less efficient at the earlier time have become more efficient at the later time and overtaken countries which were more efficient at the base year. Data Envelopment Analysis is used to determine efficiency scores of telecommunication sector across countries and Wilcoxon signed rank and coefficient of variation are employed to test the presence of beta and sigma convergence respectively. In terms of telecommunications efficiency, the study found that countries experienced sigma convergence although at a slower pace, and no evidence for beta convergence except in earlier period, 2000-2001. Regarding telecommunication services, mobile and internet usage exhibited the higher levels of both sigma and beta convergence while fixed lines followed similar trend as industry efficiency pattern. Following these results, it is suggested for policy makers to reduce the the industry efficiency gap by enact incentives to increasing catch-up in efficiency of teletecommunitions industry among countries. 1 List of African countries included in this study are Algeria, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cote d’Ivoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Togo, Tunisia and Uganda European Scientific Journal June 2013 edition vol.9, No.18 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e ISSN 18577431 56
Stockie, John M. and MacKenzie, John A. and Russell, Robert D. (2001) A moving mesh method for one-dimensional hyperbolic conservation

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Cavitation Treatment of Nano and Micro Filler and Its Effect on the Properties of UHPC

Pozzolanic additives are used in the concrete production to enhance mechanical properties and durability of the material. Silica fume, metakaolin, rice husk ash and nanosilica are some of the additives that can be beneficial and improve performance of the concrete. As pozzolanic additive particle sizes normally are less than those of cement (average silica fume particle size is around 0.15 μm), pozzolans in concrete can have dual effect – to improve physical particle packing and to react chemically with calcium hydroxide forming calcium silicate-hydrates [1]. However, sometimes desired effect is not reached due to the fact that smaller particles have increased surface energy and during the storage time aggregate more easily to secondary particles, having sizes on the order of hundreds of micrometres. It is not possible to break such agglomerates in conventional mixing process due to the low shear forces. As agglomerates can be bigger than cement particles, packing of the mix is not improved and chemical reaction is hindered due to the reduced active surface area of pozzolan. Moreover undispersed silica fume agglomerates can react as alkali–silica reactive aggregates in concrete [2] (See Figure 1). Cavitation treatment of pozzolanic materials before concrete mixing is proposed in this paper in order to disaggregate agglomerated particles and therefore reach better particle dispersion in concrete mixture. A novel hydrodynamic dispersion method for fine particles was developed and patented in Germany (patent number 2
DETECTION OF VIABLE MYOCARDIUM DURING DOBUTAMINE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY USING DOPPLER MYOCARDIAL IMAGING IN PATIENTS WITH RECENT MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Summary. The aim of this study was a quantitative assessment of regional systolic and diastolic myocardial velocity in basal condition and during dobutaimine echocardiography in viable and in non-viable myocardial segments using pulsed wave Doppler myocardial imaging (PW-DMI). In the group of 34 patients, 13±3 days after acute myocardial infarction low dose dobutamine echocardiography (LDDE) was performed. Viability was defined as an improvement of wall motion during LDDE in dyssynergic left ventricular segment. Before and after LDDE wall motion score (WMS) was calculated. Apical views were used to assess myocardial velocity at baseline and after LDDE. In each of 11 left ventricular segments, peak early (E) and late (A) diastolic velocities and systolic (S) velocity were measured and ratio E/A was calculated. At baseline echocardiography 122 (32.6%) left ventricle segments were dyssynergic. During LDDE 51 (41.8%) viable myocardial segments in 16 (47%) patients were detected, while 71 segments were non-viable. In patients with viable myocardial segments WMS decreased significantly (P<0.001) after LDDE. Baseline values of E and S myocardial velocities and E/A ratio were significantly higher (P<0.005 and P<0.01 and P<0.001) in viable compared to non-viable myocardial segments. Viability by PW-DMI sampling at LDDE corresponded with an significant improvement of E (P<0.01), S (P<0.005) velocities and E/A ratio (P<0.05) compared to the baseline values. In conclusion, PW-DMI allows quantitative assessment of regional systolic and diastolic myocardial velocities and detection of viable myocardium in basal condition and during LDDE.
Video Object Segmentation via Cellular Automata Refinement

We present a robust algorithm for unsupervised video object segmentation using foreground prior estimated from optical flow. Optical flow is an important cue for predicting the region of foreground object in a video. However, the estimation of flow is inherently inaccurate near the occluded object boundaries. We show that, even though the foreground prior might be unreliable due to the inaccurately estimated flow, Cellular Automata can be used to refine the foreground prior and thus is helpful to define the energy function for better segmentation accuracy. The experiments on the recently proposed DAVIS dataset show that our method performs favorably against the existing ones.
The Adoption of Lotteries in the United States, 1964–2007: A Model of Conditional and Time-dynamical Diffusion

The paper examines the determinants of the diffusion of state lotteries as a process of policy innovation. After more than 100 years of prohibition, U.S. states began to establish lotteries in the 1960s. The article uses statistical event history analysis to show that the adoption and diffusion of state lotteries depends on fiscal, political, and regional factors of competition as well as on normative factors of social legitimization. The article develops two further arguments, first by discussing an advanced model of regional diffusion that views the regional effect as being dependent on the ideologicalinstitutional context and second by analyzing time dynamics in the diffusion process to show how initial explanatory factors change over time. In general, the findings point to the institutional environment as a factor influencing the diffusion of organizations.
CASE STUDY ON IMPACT OF 4/40 COMPRESSED WORKWEEK PROGRAM ON TRIP REDUCTION

The compressed workweek is often promoted as a transportation demand management (TDM) strategy. It is assumed that employees who work fewer days per week will make fewer trips per week, thus reducing demand on transportation infrastructure. A before-and-after study by Commuter Transportation Services, Inc., examines the effects of this strategy on travel behavior by analyzing travel logs completed by employees at a Los Angeles County worksite before and after the implementation of a 4/40 compressed workweek schedule (four 10-hr days a week). Results show that employees actually made more trips on their compressed workweek day off than they did on any other day. However, employees made fewer trips per week and traveled fewer miles than when working a traditional 5/40 schedule (five 8-hr days per week). In addition, the trips made on the day off are short errands and were usually made during nonpeak periods, late morning or early afternoon. Further, the findings show that a larger percentage of the trips were being made without a return home between trips, indicating a reduction in the number of cold starts. The study concludes that a 4/40 compressed workweek program can reduce the average number of vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and thus can reduce levels of mobile source pollutants entering the atmosphere. The average reduction in VMT per week for respondents of this study, 46 mi, is equal to a $850 annual savings in user costs and an average reduction of 2,300 lb of carbon dioxide and pollutants.