Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photoinduced interdiffusion in nanolayered Se∕As2S3 films: Optical and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies

Photoinduced interdiffusion was observed with above band gap light in nanolayered Se/As2S3 films. It is discussed in terms of the optical parameters such as band gap, Urbach edge (E-e) [F. Urbach, Phys. Rev. 92, 1324 (1953)], and B-1/2 (Tauc's parameter) [J. Tauc , Phys. Status Solidi 15, 627 (1966)]. Experimental data of B-1/2 and E-e for as-prepared samples do not show clear correlation implied by the Mott-Davis model [N. F. Mott and E. A. Davis, Electronic Process in Non-crystalline Materials (Clarendon, Oxford 1979), p. 287]. It is also shown that the optical parameters can be changed with a change in the Se sublayer thickness. Variations of these optical parameters as a function of modulation period and photoinduced interdiffusion were discussed in terms of the quantum confinement effect and changes in the valence and conduction bands. We proposed a model to explain the mechanism of Se diffusion in As2S3, which suggests that diffusion takes place through the wrong bonds. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to investigate the chemical alternations in the bonding. The proposed model was supported by the XPS data.
Ion-implanted In0.53Ga0.47As for ultrafast optoelectronic applications

Low-temperature ~LT! grown and ion-implanted GaAs have been shown to exhibit the properties ideal for ultrafast optoelectronic applications, with good carrier mobilities, high resistivities, and subpicosecond optical response times. 1,2 In this material, ionized As antisite defects act as the main electron traps and recombination centers. 3 In0.53Ga0. 47As lattice matched to InP has an added interest from the point of view of optical fiber communications technology because of its large absorption at the 1.3- and 1.55-mm wavelengths. However, As antisites in InGaAs create shallow donors and, together with other intrinsic defects such as an As vacancy and a group-III ~In or Ga! interstitial, prevents fabrication of highly resistive InGaAs layers by LT growth. 4 Besides, in LT InGaAs, arsenic antisites appear in lower concentrations than in LT GaAs, therefore, subpicosecond electron lifetimes are not reached. 5,6 An electron lifetime of 400 fs was only observed in conductive LT InGaAs heavily p-doped with Be, in which the lifetime was determined by Auger recombination. 7 Ion- and proton-implanted InGaAs layers and quantum wells have shown carrier lifetimes as short as 1‐2 ps; 8,9 however, the resistivity of these
Individual Specialization in the Hunting-wasp Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) agamemnon Richards (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)

Individuals of a population may differ with respect to resource use. This among-individual variation in resource utilization is called 'individual specialization' and may substantially impact the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of a population. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether females of 1 population of the hunting-wasp Trypoxylon agamemnon differed in their preferences for spider size and/or taxa. To observe the behavior of wasps, trap-nests were installed in an araucaria forest fragment in the Parque Municipal das Araucarias, Guarapuava (PR), southern Brazil. The indices within-individual component (WIC)/total niche width of a population (TNW) and average of values of the proportional similarity index (IS) were used to measure the degree of individual specialization. We found evidence of strong, significant individual specialization in T. agamemnon in terms of both prey size (WIC/TNW=0.43) and taxa (IS=0.45). We hypothesized that individual specialization in this species resulted from cognitive tradeoffs that limit individuals to exploring a small subset of available resources.
Enhancing the Security in Cross LayerMethod which reduces the Link Failure inNetworks using CP-ABE

The networking is the process of linking two or more computing devices together for sharing the data using a routing path. Link failures are common in such networks and the disconnection of link for several seconds creates major data loss. Hence backup paths are the most used techniques in IP networks in order to safe guard IP link from failures. The existing system chooses multiple reliable backup path to eliminate the problem of IP link failures and minimizing routing disruption only when IP link fails. This is done by maintaining all the routing information in a hash table. Probabilistically Correlation Failure (PCF) model with a layer mapping approach is used to quantify the IP link failure. DSDV protocol is used to detect the IP link failure in the network and to deploy the hash table to manage all the routing information for data exchange between nodes in a network. But the drawback of this process is that all the routing information stored in the hash table is not secure. Hence the multipath routing information can be easily modified by the adversary in network. Hence in the proposed system the Cipher Text Attribute Base Encryption (CPABE) algorithm is deployed to encrypt the routing information before it is stored in the hash table. Hence only the authorized user can modify the multipath routing information in the hash table.
PROBABLE POLLUTION SOURCE IDENTIFICATION IN RIVERS BY NEURAL NETWORKS

In this study, a certain characteristic of neural networks called Self Organizing Feature Maps (SOFM’s) was applied to pollution source identification in the Kor and Sivand Rivers located in Fars Province, Iran. Wastewater quality data from significant industrial pollution sources to these rivers (mainly factories located upstream) were given. Observed sets of water quality data in sampling stations, downstream from the pollution sources, were utilized to identify the most probable pollution source that may have contributed to pollution in these rivers. With the aid of partial semantic maps generated by SOFM’s, different patterns with different likelihoods were recognized in the pollution data. Certain patterns matched that of the pollution sources very closely. In other words, the fingerprints of all pollution sources (which were studied) were identified in the pollution data. Therefore, it is possible to use the maps as an aid to the management and decision support system of these rivers. Keywords– Pollution source identification, river, neural networks, SOFM, partial semantic maps
ASSOCIATION FOR CONSUMER RESEARCH

This article demonstrates the interpretation of a selected homosexual’s narratives of his consumption patterns and taste which emerge as a refuge from any social stigmatization. These reconstruct a sense of masculinity while cherishing their homosexuality. The investigation emphasizes various experiential aspects of interior decorative activities of his secret room which is treated confidentially and demarcated from more open rooms. The interpretation indicates that the decoration is employed to sacralize the room which is used for the escapism and romantic ritual purpose. Moreover, the conflated decorative styles of loft and vintage, as reflexive of camp consumption, are discussed in line with an affirmation of masculinity and an embrace of homosexuality. Hypermasculinization is also explored since it creates a cultural superiority over the heterosexual mainstream to achieve the homosexual masculinity.
Sheep faeces decomposition and nutrient release across an environmental gradient in Southern Patagonia

A�������. In Southern Patagonia, most of the land ranging from the mountains to the sea in contrasting environmental conditions is devoted to extensive sheep farming. Existing estimations indicate that in ecosystems under livestock use, around 85% of the nitrogen (N) returning to the soil is through animal feces and urine. However, there is a lack of information concerning the rate of nutrient return into the soil from animal feces in Southern Patagonia. In this study, we evaluated the rate of sheep faeces decomposition and nutrient (N, P, Ca and K) release in three different ecological areas of Southern Patagonia, representing a West to East environmental gradient. Samples of fresh sheep dung were collected in the field, processed in the laboratory and located in three ecological areas and subsequently collected periodically during 820 days. The remaining organic ma�er (OM) of decomposing faeces did not vary between the three ecological areas. At the end of the trial (820 days), the rate of OM decomposition averaged 63% of the initial amount. According to the linear regressions performed, the time to reach 100% OM decomposition fluctuated between 3.7 and 4.2 years. Nutrient dynamics followed a common general trend, since nutrients were released during the first stages of decomposition, and then, fluctuations between nutrient immobilisation and release were observed. The prevailing environmental conditions among the ecological areas evaluated did not seem to involve a measurable effect on sheep faeces decomposition and nutrient release. The results obtained in this work may be useful for quantifying the return of organic ma�er and nutrients from sheep faeces to the soil in Southern Patagonia.
Impact of Cultural Beliefs on Entrepreneursâ€™ Intention to use Bank Loans

Many corporate finance authors argue that market-based systems should be preferred in countries with high risk tolerance, because high risk offers higher return. However, few authors have empirically examined the relationship between entrepreneursâ€™ culture and companiesâ€™ financial decisions. In addition, most of these authors have focused their studies on the national culture rather than the culture of the individual entrepreneurs. This study aims to analyze the effect of the entrepreneursâ€™ cultural beliefs on financial choices, more specifically on the bank indebtedness of the company. We use an adapted version of the theory of planned behavior Ajzen and Fishbein (2005) as a reference model whereby cultural factors such as secrecy and conservatism are used as independent variables. Using data collected from 71 companies in Benin and 50 in Mauritania, we find that secrecy and conservatism are negatively related to the entrepreneursâ€™ intention to use banking debt. We also found that this relationship was mediated by the attitude toward banking debt and perceived control. Finally, we found that the perceived social norm did not mediate the relationship between cultural factors and entrepreneursâ€™ intention to use bank indebtedness.
Biodiesel, bioflocculant and biosorbent from the fungalCurvularia sp. strain DFH1

Fungi are a good worker in many environmental duties, where the use of an organism to produce more than one product in the same medium is profitable. Exopolymer, total lipids and mycelium mass, etc. are the scope of different separate studies. In the present work a fungal Curvularia sp. strain DFH1 can act as oleaginous where it contain about 26% of its dry weight as lipids with a Fatty acid profile of hexadecanoic, octadecenoic, octadecanoic and erucic. Which have a valuable economic impact or it can act as a feed stock for biodiesel production, also and at the same time produce an exopolymer which act as a good powerful bioflocculants giving flocculation activity reached to 95%, The FTIR spectra of bioflocculant showed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl, amide and amino groups. And the cell debris functions as heavy metal absorbent biomaterial, where about 85% Cd(II) and 15% Zn(II) were removed by cell debris as biosorbent. So the purpose of this paper is to view the various attributes of the fungal isolate and explores the possibility of utilizing them in different ways in a manner of zero waste process.
N . 302 November 2010 Immigration and Occupations in Europe

In this paper we analyze the effect of immigrants on natives’ job specialization in Western Europe. We test whether the inflow of immigrants changes employment rates or the chosen occupation of natives with similar education and age. We find no evidence of the first and strong evidence of the second: immigrants take more manual-routine type of occupations and push natives towards more abstractcomplex jobs, for a given set of observable skills. We also find some evidence that this occupation reallocation is larger in countries with more flexible labor laws. As abstract-complex tasks pay a premium over manual-routine ones, we can evaluate the positive effect of such reallocation on the wages of native workers. Accounting for the total change in Complex/Non Complex task supply from natives and immigrants we find that immigration does not change much the relative compensation of the two types of tasks but it promotes the specialization of natives into the first type. JEL Classification Codes: J24, J31, J61.
Consensus of the Multiagent System with a Dynamic Leader Based on Directed Topology Using Laplace Transform

The consensus of the multiagent system with directed topology and a leader is investigated, in which the leader is dynamic. Based on Laplace transform method, the accurate upper error bound between the leader and the followers can be obtained. It is also proved that all agents of the system will aggregate and eventually form a cohesive cluster following the leader if the leader is globally reachable. Finally, some simulation examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results.
The impact of shipping emissions on air pollution in the Greater North Sea region – Part 2: Scenarios for 2030

Abstract. Scenarios for future shipping emissions in the North Sea have been developed in the framework of the Clean North Sea Shipping project. The effects of changing NOx and SO2 emissions were investigated with the CMAQ chemistry transport model for the year 2030 in the North Sea area. It has been found that, compared to today, the contribution of shipping to the NO2 and O3 concentrations will increase due to the expected enhanced traffic by more than 20 and 5 %, respectively, by 2030 if no regulation for further emission reductions is implemented in the North Sea area. PM2.5 will decrease slightly because the sulfur contents in ship fuels will be reduced as international regulations foresee. The effects differ largely between regions, seasons and date of the implementation of stricter regulations for NOx emissions from newly built ships.
Fluoxetine Inhibits Calcium Influx in MIN6 cells

Fluoxetine, a widely used antidepressant that primarily acts as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, inhibits various membrane receptors and Ca 2+ influx by unknown mechanism. In addition, it has been shown that Ca2+ is control mitochondrial metabolism and respiration. Here, effect of fluoxetine on the voltage gated Calcium channels in MIN6 cells was examined. Using Ca 2+ imaging is to assess intracellular calcium. Fluoxetine 30 µM inhibited ca 2+ levels. These results indicated a tighter binding of fluoxetine to the Calcium than to the resting state of other channels, suggesting a more potent inhibition of Ca 2+ channels at physiological resting membrane potential. Altogether, these data demonstrate that clinically relevant concentrations of fluoxetine exert a voltage-dependent block of channels that may contribute to this antidepressant’s pharmacological effects.
Kinetic Study of Atmospheric Pressure Nitrogen Plasma Afterglow Using Quantitative Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy

Quantitative electron spin resonance spectroscopy is used to measure nitrogen atom density in atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge afterglow. The experiment shows that oxygen injection into early afterglow increases the nitrogen dissociation in certain parts of the afterglow while it is decreased in the rest of the afterglow. Numerical kinetic modelling supports and explains the experimental data while the best fit provides some a priori unknown parameters such as initial concentrations and rate constants.
FINGERING INSTABILITY IN SOLID FUEL COMBUSTION: THE CHARACTERISTIC SCALES OF THE DEVELOPED STATE

We present new results on the fingering instability in solid fuel combustion. The instability occurs when horizontal fuel is forced to burn against an oxidizing wind, under the suppression of vertical flow (natural convection). Focusing on the qualitative behavior of the developed fingering state, we present experimental results that connect the length scales to the two dominant transport processes (transport of reactants and loss of heat). We first elaborate on the relation between reactant transport and the spacing between fingers and proceed to present experimental evidence that relate the characteristic scale (finger width) to the heat losses near the front. The heat losses are varied by three methods: changing the system height, adding nonreacting (cooling) gas to the flow, and changing the heat conductivity of the bottom plate. We discuss the effect of these methods and conclude that the characteristic scale decreases as the heat losses increase. From a practical viewpoint, the results expose a fingering regime in which it is possible that a slow persistent finger will create and maintain a fire hazard that is below conventional detection. A very high degree of experimental control is achieved in the smoldering regime. However, the phenomenon is fuel independent and occurs in other modes of combustion.
FORECASTING RETURNS FOR THE STOCK EXCHANGE OF THAILAND INDEX USING MULTIPLE REGRESSION BASED ON PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS

The aim of this study was to forecast the returns for the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) Index by adding some explanatory variables and stationary Autoregressive Moving-Average order p and q (ARMA (p, q)) in the mean equation of returns. In addition, we used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to remove possible complications caused by multicollinearity. Afterwards, we forecast the volatility of the returns for the SET Index. Results showed that the ARMA (1,1), which includes multiple regression based on PCA, has the best performance. In forecasting the volatility of returns, the GARCH model performs best for one day ahead; and the EGARCH model performs best for five days, ten days and twenty-two days ahead.
The Battle of the video game consoles : redictors for the success of a video game console

In this study, gender and cross-continental differences in video game use and video game console preferences are examined. This study focused on the gender differences between the social aspects, interpersonal needs, game genres available and gameplay elements and if one or more of these factors lead to a preference for a video game console. The results of one large-scale survey (N= 330) and one smaller scale survey (N=149) of predominantly young adults shows that their reasons for playing video games are time, amount of playing, and how they are socially connected through the game. Men report more hours of games played in a week and a different preference for games and game genres than women. Both men and women prefer a game console which features their favorite character(s). Based on console specific features men prefer a technical superior console like the Xbox360 or the Playstation 3, while women prefer the idea of features of the Nintendo Wii. Implications for future research are given
Culture Media Optimization through Response Surface Methodology for in vitro Shoot Bud Development of Solanum melongena L. for Micropropagation

Response surface methodology was used for the optimization of shoot bud response and shoot bud induction in leaf explants of Solanum melongena cultivar Arka Shirish. Three independent variables were evaluated for shoot bud response and shoot bud induction. The variables include the concentrations of nitrogen (N2), sucrose and growth regulator thidiazuron (TDZ). The shoot bud response for cultured explant was optimized at 4.34 g/l of total nitrogen, 2.65% of sucrose and 0.67 mg/l of TDZ with 95% response. The optimum medium conditions for shoot bud induction was found to be Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 4.02 g/l of total nitrogen, 2.36% of sucrose and 1.0 mg/l of TDZ with 10 number of bud per explant. The shoot buds so formed were elongated in 0.5 mg/l 2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) and 0.1 mg/l Gibberellic acid (GA3). The elongated shoots were rooted in MS with 1 mg/l Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The rooted plants were transferred to pots with farmyard manure upon hardening. This study has validation value for optimization of micropropagation protocol and is further useful in genetic transformation studies for Solanum melongena variety Arka Shirish to maximize regenerative response for automation.
The effect of subauroral polarization streams on the mid-latitude thermospheric disturbance neutral winds: a universal time effect

Abstract. The temporal and spatial variations in thermospheric neutral winds at an altitude of 400 km in response to subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) are investigated using global ionosphere and thermosphere model simulations under the southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) condition. During SAPS periods the westward neutral winds in the subauroral latitudes are greatly strengthened at dusk. This is due to the ion drag effect, through which SAPS can accelerate neutral winds in the westward direction. The new findings are that for SAPS commencing at different universal times, the strongest westward neutral winds exhibit large variations in amplitudes. The ion drag and Joule heating effects are dependent on the solar illumination, which exhibit UT variations due to the displacement of the geomagnetic and geographic poles. With more sunlight, stronger westward neutral winds can be generated, and the center of these neutral winds shifts to a later magnetic local time than neutral winds with less solar illumination. In the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere, the disturbance neutral wind reaches a maximum at 18:00 and 04:00 UT, and a minimum at 04:00 and 16:00 UT, respectively. There is a good correlation between the neutral wind velocity and cos0.5(SZA) (solar zenith angle). The reduction in the electron density and enhancement in the air mass density at an altitude of 400 km are strongest when the maximum solar illumination collocates with the SAPS. The correlation between the neutral wind velocity and cos0.5(SZA) is also good during the northward IMF period. The effect of a sine-wave oscillation of SAPS on the neutral wind also exhibits UT variations in association with the solar illumination.
Satellite-Based Management Tool for Oak Savanna Ecosystem Restoration

Abstract The structure and function of oak Quercus spp. savanna ecosystems in the North American Midwest were originally maintained by an active disturbance regime (often fire). Subsequent reductions in the frequency of disturbance after European settlement have facilitated rapid, regional conversion of these ecosystems to more closed-canopy forest. Hence, regional-scale management strategies are now needed to restore critical spatial gradients of light, temperature, soil moisture, and soil organic matter for recovery and sustenance of the unique mosaic of understory grass and forb species assemblages that define oak savannas. Tree species composition, distribution, mortality, basal area, and canopy cover are important forest structural parameters that are intrinsically linked to oak savanna restoration ecology. In this benchmark study, we seek to determine whether Landsat-based monitoring protocols can be developed as a tool to guide and monitor regional-scale restoration and management efforts. Using th.