Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Foids are worse than animals. A cognitive linguistics analysis of dehumanizing metaphors in online discourse

Abstract The aim of the article is to examine the language used by an emerging online community known as incels. Incels are “involuntarily celibate” men who gather online to share their frustration and resentment. They blame their predicament on their alleged ugliness, as well as on the structure of modern Western society in general, and women’s behaviour in particular. Hate speech and violent language flourish on incel online forums to such an extent that most of their websites are taken down, one by one, due to breaches of rules around violent content. In the present article I aim to analyze the language used by incels, focusing on the dehumanizing metaphors used in order to describe women, who are the main target of incels’ hatred. This paper was realized within the theoretical framework of cognitive linguistics and critical discourse analysis with special emphasis on conceptual metaphor theory.
Successful Implementation of Integrated Care in Slovenian Primary Care

Abstract For the purpose of celebrating the 40th anniversary of Alma Ata declaration, the WHO published a successful model of integrated patient care being performed in Slovenia. After two years, the WHO experts evaluated the success in practise during a visit to the Slovenian primary care environment. This report showed that Slovenia was a notable exception regarding developing effective primary care systems. The country has an impressive primary care which performs very well.
Recent clonal reproduction of Cryptomeria japonica in a snowy region revealed by a survey of small-sized ramets

Abstract Clonal reproduction may contribute to population maintenance in areas where disturbance caused by snow limits tree recruitment. To understand the importance of clonal reproduction in the population dynamics of canopy tree species, it is necessary to determine the frequency of clonal reproduction in the early stages of seedling establishment. We found 106 ramets, including “small-sized” ramets of less than 5 cm in diameter at breast height, aggregated within 4 patches in a 70 × 50 m plot and also identified 20 genets among these ramets with the use of nuclear microsatellite markers. The size structure of the ramets revealed an inverse J-shaped distribution, suggesting that continuous recruitment of new ramets occurs. However, the number of intermediate-sized ramets (around 10 cm DBH) at the present study site was small, suggesting that most new ramets die while they are still small by pressure from heavy snow. Of the 20 genets, 12 included one or more small-sized ramets, which indicated recent recruitment. Of the 12 genets, 3 included only a single small-sized ramet, which suggested seedling recruitment, whereas the other 9 included multiple ramets (39 small-sized ramets in total), which indicated clonal recruitment. The frequency (9/12) and number (39/9) of recent clonal recruits suggest that clonal reproduction effectively maintains the population of Cryptomeria japonica in snowy regions.
A study of in vitro metabolism and cytotoxicity of mephedrone and methoxetamine in human and pig liver models using GC/MS and LC/MS analyses

Abstract In the current study, the metabolism of two novel psychoactive substances (NPSs), mephedrone and methoxetamine (MXE), was studied in vitro in pig liver microsomes to determine potential metabolites by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Later, in vitro studies were performed using HepaRG™ cells to determine the human metabolites of these drugs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The aim of the study was to detect metabolites from the metabolic mixture in the human cell lines using GC-MS, since this is a more readily available technique within forensic laboratories. Microsomes were prepared through a conventional ultracentrifugation method and incubated under optimized conditions with the drugs for 3 h. Subsequently, the samples were investigated using LC-MS. A similar methodology was then applied in the HepaRG™ cells, and the GC-MS conditions were optimized using N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide as a derivatization agent. The analysis showed two molecules from a successful in vitro metabolism, namely, hydroxytoly-mephedrone and nor-dihydro mephedrone. For MXE, two metabolites are presented produced by the O-demethylation and reduction of the ketone moiety to the corresponding alcohol, respectively. Using the human HepaRG™ cells, only nor-dihydro mephedrone could be identified by GC-MS. Since hydroxytoly-mephedrone and the MXE metabolites are more polar, it is suggested that GC-MS even with derivatization may not be suitable. In addition, cytotoxicity was studied utilizing HepaRG™ cell lines. The drugs show cytotoxic effects causing in vitro cell death, within the specified range of EC50 0.3211 mM (79 μg/mL) and 0.6297 mM (111 μg/mL) for mephedrone and MXE, respectively. These drugs were able to cause 73–84% cell death.
Sensorless Induction Motor Drive Based on Model Reference Adaptive System Scheme Utilising a Fictitious Resistance

Abstract This article presents a new development of an indirect stator flux-oriented controller for sensorless speed induction motor drive utilising instantaneous and steady-state values, respectively, of a fictitious resistance symbolised as R_f. The dimension of the fictitious quantity, in this context, is the ohm, which is the difference between the stator d- and q-axis fictitious resistances. However, from the measurement of the stator voltage and currents of the machine, two independent resistance estimators are built. Therefore, the first is considered as a reference model of the induction machine (IM), and the second is considered as an adjustable model. Subsequently, the error between the states of the two models is used to drive a suitable adaptation mechanism that generates the estimation of the speed, for the adjustable model. Furthermore, the structure of the proposed estimator is free from stator resistance and eliminates the requirement of any flux computation. All the detailed simulation study is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink to validate the proposed method and to highlight the robustness and the stability of the proposed model reference adaptive system estimator.
Mathematics Teaching in Slovakia during COVID-19 Quarantine Season in Spring of 2020

Abstract In many countries, the attendance form of education was interrupted during quarantine in the spring of 2020 and replaced by some form of distance education. The COVID-19 pandemic has thus tested the preparedness of schools, teachers and educational systems in general to provide various forms of distance education. This paper briefly describes the situation in mathematics teaching in lower and upper secondary schools during the spring quarantine in Slovakia. We focus on the initial reactions and early experience of mathematics teachers. They have used different applications, software and methods in teaching mathematics during this time. Our goal is not to evaluate whether the teachers managed it or not, but what and how they had to do so that the educational process in mathematics would not be interrupted.
Efficient Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of 4-Aminoquinazoline and 2,4-Diaminoquinazoline Derivatives

We have developed an efficient copper-catalyzed method for the synthesis of 4-aminoquinazoline and 2,4-diamino-quinazoline derivatives via reactions of substituted 2-bromo-benzonitriles with amidines or guanidine, and the method is of economical and practical advantage.
A Technical Efficiency Analysis of Financial Subsidies Allocated by the Cap in Romanian Farms Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis

Abstract The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has undergone radical changes as a consequence of international agreements. Through a parametric approach based on Stochastic Frontier Analysis, it has been possible to estimate the impact of financial subsidies allocated under the Common Agricultural Policy for the period from 2007 to 2017 in the framework of the first and second pillars to Romanian farms that are part of the FADN dataset. The findings have revealed the positive effect of financial subsidies allocated to disadvantaged rural areas in increasing technical efficiency, and a modest impact of decoupled payments disbursed under the first pillar of the CAP on the Romanian farms investigated.
Development of FRIMAN – Supporting Tool for Object Oriented Programming Teaching

Abstract The main goal of this contribution is to present the current developmental state of FRIMAN – the graphical development environment designed to support the teaching process of the object-oriented paradigm. FRIMAN project has two main purposes: 1. simplifying the understanding of the basics of the object-oriented programming for JAVA language beginners, 2. teaching students of applied informatics to collaborate in bigger project development. Therefore, an application called FRIMAN has been developed at the Faculty of Management Science and Informatics at the University of Žilina. This project is developed by students of Master degrees under the leaderships of experienced software developers. The suggested system consists of several modules. In this paper, we focus on the description of selected modules and their current functionality as well as description of future plans for this project and brief description of FRIMAN development process. Attention is paid to a module for class management and a graphical code editor, which enables the creation of method bodies using flow diagrams without the necessity of programming language syntax knowledge. Based on good evaluation by the development team preparing changes in the high school education process, the current application is planned to be applied in practice.
Direct laser writing of photonic nanostructures

In this work, we prepare and optically characterize novel, titanium-containing hybrid materials that can be structured three-dimensionally using two-photon polymerization. We investigate the effect on the structurability of the increase of titanium isopropoxide and methacrylic acid content in this photosensitive composite. We show that while it is possible to make transparent thin films with titanium isopropoxide molar content as high as 90%, three-dimensional structures can be made only when the titanium isopropoxide molar content is less than 50%. We measure the refractive index of different titanium isopropoxide: methacrylic acid concentrations in the composite. We show a linear increase of the composite refractive index with titanium isopropoxide concentration, while the increase of the methacrylic acid content does not it.
Sr isotope analysis of bird feathers by TIMS: a tool to trace bird migration paths and breeding sites

Here we present a methodology to analyse 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios in bird feathers with very low Sr concentration using ultra-low blank ion-exchange chemistry combined with thermal ionisation mass spectrometry. For this study, Sedge Warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus) feathers were used from four different locations within Europe. Prior to analyses, dust particles from the feathers’ surface were removed with nitrogen gas. The shaft and the vane parts of the feather were analysed separately. Generally, the vane had higher trace element abundances compared to the shaft. The vane contained between 3 ng and 12 ng of Sr and the shaft between 0.5 ng and 3 ng of Sr. Due to the small amount of Sr in the feathers, small loads (0.5–12 ng Sr) of international standard NBS 987 were analysed for 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios giving an average of 0.710263 ± 0.000013 (2σ) (n = 177) and an external reproducibility below 0.002%. The average 88Sr beam intensities for all the shaft analyses were 0.79 V while for the vane analyses it was 2.7 V, consistent with the measured Sr contents of the feather shafts and vanes. The 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios of the vane were more precise than the shaft with 2 SD internal precision of 0.0026% and 0.053%, respectively. However, the precision was adequate for resolving Sr isotope variations between localities. The 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios of the cleaned Sedge Warbler feathers varied geographically and were indicative of the different geology in the locations where the feathers were grown.
Auger recombination rates in nitrides from first principles

We report Auger recombination rates for wurtzite InGaN calculated from first-principles density-functional and many-body-perturbation theory. Two different mechanisms are examined—inter- and intra-band recombination—that affect different parts of the emission spectrum. In the blue to green spectral region and at room temperature the Auger coefficient can be as large as 2×10−30 cm6 s−1; in the infrared it is even larger. Since Auger recombination scales with the cubic power of the free-carrier concentration it becomes an important nonradiative loss mechanism at high current densities. Our results indicate that Auger recombination may be responsible for the loss of quantum efficiency that affects InGaN-based light emitters.
Robust Trajectory Tracking Control of Underactuated Surface Vehicles with Prescribed Performance

Abstract In this paper, a robust sliding mode tracking controller with prescribed performance is developed for an underactuated surface vehicle (USV) with time-varying external disturbances. Firstly, to guarantee the transient and steady-state performance of the closed-loop system, the error transformation technique is presented. Further, the design of the prescribed performance function implements predefined tracking performance constraints, which eliminate the requirement for prior knowledge about the initial errors. Then, a Lyapunov stability synthesis shows that all closed-loop signals remain bounded and the tracking errors remain strictly within the predefined bounds. Finally, simulations and a comparative study are performed to illustrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed robust sliding mode control scheme.
Structured, Analytical and Critical Thinking in the Educational Process of Future Teachers

Abstract Introduction: In this article, we want to point out what kind of pedagogical and didactic change is being recorded in Slovakia’s education system and we will point out where it could go and develop to achieve positive results. This article is one of the upcoming outputs in the form of paper and study on the provision of structured, analytical and critical thinking (SAC). In the article, it is shown how the situation has changed and how we perceive the attitude of students during the educational process. Next, it is described current problems and inadequacies in the educational process and define how to use a change of thinking to increase motivation and improve access to knowledge. Purpose: In general, there is a consensus that it is important for teachers to be able to guide their students to problem-solving skills (Aktaş & Ünlü, 2013). It is pointed out that, with the right educational tools, such skills can be stimulated, developed and improved (Jordaan & Jordaan, 2005). This article is designed for all levels of education, but we are mostly concerned with educating future educators. Methods: In this paper, there are described methods that can help to improve the quality of thinking of students and thus increase the level of thinking of the whole society. This article take inspiration from important historical personalities as well as relevant current personalities in their professions. Critical, analytical and creative thinking, also based on logical and structured thinking, is our main method of our educational process. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is pointed out the need to develop SAC as a whole. It is important for the general publica to have better skills in SAC, for example, from the point of view of cognitive mistakes in experts, in the field of political literacy, recognition of misinformation and a better general awareness of rational thinking. As can be seen, SAC is not only about education, but it also closely affects society as a whole. It can thus influence the operation of the company, prevent the development of the first-class solutions offered and raise the whole company to a higher level.
Online Surveillance in a Swedish Context: Between acceptance and resistance

Abstract Users of digital media leave traces that corporations and authorities can harvest, systematise, and analyse; on the societal level, an overall result is the emergence of a surveillance culture. In this study, we examine how people handle the dilemma of leaving digital footprints: what they say they do to protect their privacy and what could legitimise the collection and storing of their data. Through a survey of almost 1,000 students at Umeå University in Sweden, we find that most respondents know that their data are used and choose to adjust their own behaviour rather than adopting technical solutions. In order to understand contemporary forms of surveillance, we call for a humanistic approach – an approach where hermeneutic and qualitative methods are central.
Urban Features Identification from Dual-Pol SAR Images with Filter Properties

Abstract There is no formal definition of feature identification but it depends on the application and context of the problem. This feature acts as primary elements for execution of several algorithms, hence feature identification is one of the significant steps for has been very interesting for several research groups. Various researchers have attempted in this regard for feature identification. The current work presents an approach for urban feature identification from satellite datasets for a detailed analysis of the features for better management of the resources. Several features based feature extraction approach has been attempted to identify the compare with statistical profiling. Microwave remote sensing is one of the significant methods of remote sensing to get the data where our optical sensors usually failed or less capable to provide accurate and timely sensed data. In today’s world, active remote sensing is one of the greatest technologies which is used widely in many application areas. Synthetic aperture radar is the main object to get the actively remote sensed images. Either it’s optical or microwave data, the satellite images has its many errors, in SAR, while receiving the reflected echoes from the target the trouble has occurred in the form of Speckle Noise in an image. In this paper, the focus is on about the Speckle Noise, SLC & GRD data, the filtered images performance with Boxcar and Median filter, degraded and preserving information of an image, reduce speckle noise effect of an image.
Control flow based cost analysis for P4

Abstract The networking industry is currently undergoing a steady trend of softwarization. Yet, network engineers suffer from the lack of software development tools that support programming of new protocols. We are creating a cost analysis tool for the P4 programming language, that automatically verifies whether the developed program meets soft deadline requirements imposed by the network. In this paper, we present an approach to estimate the average execution time of P4 program based on control flow graphs. Our approach takes into consideration that many of the parts of P4 are implementation-defined: required information can be added in through incremental refinement, while missing information is handled by falling back to less precise defaults. We illustrate application of this approach to a P4 protocol in two case studies: we use it to examine the effect of a compiler optimization in the deparse stage, and to show how it enables cost modelling complex lookup table implementations. Finally, we assess future research tasks to be completed before the tool is ready for real-world usage.
Conducting Material-incorporated Electrorheological Fluids: Core-shell Structured Spheres

Conducting material-based electro-responsive particles have become important as the smart soft matter in electrorheological (ER) fluids. These materials include conducting polymers, such as polyaniline, polypyrrole and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), and carbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide. Core-shell structured ER particles containing these materials as either core or shell species have attracted increasing interest owing to their outstanding advantages of an enhanced ER effect or diverse ER mechanism, lighter particulate density and lower cost. This paper summarizes the recent advances in synthesis methods as well as the critical characteristics of the core-shell structured particles, such as shear stress, yield stress and dielectric properties.
Analysis of Mass Transfer Performance in an Air Stripping Tower

The carryover of working solution in a traditional stripping tower is of serious concern in real applications. A U-shaped spray tower to prevent carryover has been designed to study the stripping of water vapor from aqueous desiccant solutions of 91.8 to 95.8 wt% triethylene glycol. In this study, water vapor was removed from the diluted desiccant solution by heating the solution and stripping it with the ambient air. Therefore, the solution was concentrated to a desired concentration. This spray tower was capable of handling air flow rates from 3.2 to 5.13 kg/min and liquid flow rates from 1.6 to 2.76 kg/min. Since the literature data on air stripping towers are limited, studies on the mass transfer coefficient and other mass transfer parameters were carried out in this study. Under the operating conditions, the overall mass transfer coefficient calculated from the experimental data varied from 0.053 to 0.169 mol/m3·s. These corresponded to heights of a transfer unit of 2.3 to 0.71 m, respectively. The r.
The thermodynamic properties of electrolyte solutions: Some formal results

The Kirkwood–Buff approach is used to obtain exact determinate expressions for the thermodynamic properties of electrolyte solutions. The solvent is treated at a molecular level and the thermodynamic functions are expressed in terms of ion–ion, ion–solvent, and solvent–solvent correlation functions. The equations obtained are particularly useful when used in conjunction with integral equation theories. The low concentration limiting behavior of the microscopic expressions is examined and it is shown that the Debye–Huckel limiting law for the activity coefficient can be readily extracted from the molecular theory. Also the partial molecular volume of the salt is considered in some detail and microscopic relationships are given for the infinite dilution value.