Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The JLab Eta Factory (JEF) Program in Hall-D at Jefferson Lab

The JLab Eta Factory (JEF) program aims to use decays of the η meson to study higher order terms in Chiral Pertubation theory, to determine the up-down quark mass ratio, and to probe for C-violating/P-conserving processes and other physics beyond the Standard Model. The program will take place at Jefferson Lab using the GlueX detector in Hall D. This article focuses on the rare η→ π0γγ decay, which requires an upgrade to the existing forward calorimeter in the GlueX detector.
Effect of Electrical Stimulation in Lower Extremity as Physical Exercise in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a long-term illness that affects the patient's quality of life and requires substantial health care costs. Lifestyle relatedto physical exercise is one of the causes of the increasing prevalence of this disease. However, not all T2DM patients can perform physical exercise because very weak physical conditions such as elderly, spinal cord injury or diabetic secondary complications can be contraindicated when physical exercise performed. The aim of this study is to observe the used of electrical stimulation in T2DM patients. METHODS: The provision of ES to lower extremity muscles was given for 30 minutes in the intervention group. Blood glucose samples were taken before and after the ES intervention. The data collected was statistically analyzed by using paired T-test and expressed in mean±standard error. RESULTS: The ES intervention decrease blood glucose level significantly from 193.03±5.740 mg/dL to 170.66±5.200 mg/dL ( p ≤0.001) in the last session. CONCLUSION: The effect of ES in lower extremity is shown to be significantly lowers the blood glucose level in T2DM patients. KEYWORDS: blood glucose, electrical stimulation, physical exercise, type 2 diabetes mellitus
Intra-day Electricity Demand and Temperature

The objective of this paper is to explain the relationship between high frequency electricity demand, intra-day temperature variation and time. Using the Generalised Additive Model (GAM) framework we link high frequency (5-minute) aggregate electricity demand in Australia to the time of the day, time of the year and intra-day temperature. We document a strong relationship between high frequency electricity demand and intra-day temperature. We show a superior model fit when using Daylight Saving Time (DST), or clock time, instead of the standard (solar) time. We introduce the time weighted temperature model that captures instantaneous electricity demand sensitivity to temperature as a function of the human daily activity cycle, by assigning different temperature signal weighting based on the DST time. The results on DST and time weighted temperature modelling are novel in the literature and are important innovations in high frequency electricity demand forecasting.
Investigating students' use of dynamic materials addressing conceptions related to functional thinking

This paper reports on a qualitative case study about the use of dynamic worksheets addressing typical difficulties and misconceptions concerning functional thinking. The dynamic worksheets designed in this project visualize the transfer between iconic situational and graphical representations and were utilized during an intervention with students in a 7th grade Austrian middle school class. In addition to observational data, diagnostic tests and interviews regarding students’ conceptions in the field of functional thinking were conducted. The case study particularly pays attention to the intuitive conceptions of students, the influence of the dynamic worksheets on these conceptions, and whether or not these materials are able to support students in developing appropriate mathematical conceptions. In this paper, an overview of the study and the part of the results related to students’ use of dynamic worksheets are presented.
Cancer-Induced Muscle Wasting

Cancer-induced muscle wasting, otherwise known as cancer-cachexia, is a wasting syndrome that occurs in approximately 80% of cancer patients that is the primary cause of death for 22%-30% of cancer cases. Cancer-cachexia may be metabolically induced; therefore, the central hypothesis of this dissertation is mitochondrial degeneration occurs before cancercachexia, and increased oxidative stress because of mitochondrial degeneration in muscle may instigate cancer-cachexia. Lewis Lung Carcinoma cells (LLC) or PBS (control) were injected into the hind-flank of C57Bl6/J mice at 8 wks age, and tumor allowed to develop for 1, 2, 3 or 4 wks. Mitochondrial quality, function, ROS emission, protein synthesis and protein breakdown were assessed. LLC Conditioned Media (LCM) treatment of C2C12 myotubes was used to analyze cancer-cachexia in-vitro. Data were analyzed by one-way (animal experiments) or twoway (cell culture experiments) ANOVA with Student-Newman Kuels post hoc test. Cachectic muscle loss and decreased oxidative capacity was evident only at 4 wks post-tumor implantation. Mitochondrial function decreased by ~25% by 3wks after tumor implantation. Mitochondrial degeneration (MitoTimer) was evident by 2 weeks LLC compared to PBS control. Mitochondrial ROS production was elevated by ~50% to ~100% when compared to PBS at 1-3 wks post-tumor implantation. Mixed FSR Protein synthesis was ~40% lower in 4 wk tumor-bearing mice when compared to PBS controls. Mitochondrial quality control and protein turnover signaling were dysregulated throughout the progression of cancer-cachexia. Ubiquitin content was elevated by ~50% 4wks after tumor implantation. ERK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation was 4 and 3 fold greater than control muscle 4 wks following tumor implantation, respectively. MitoT treatment and inhibition of p38 MAPK ameliorated LCM-induced loss of myotube diameter. These data provide novel insight into mechanisms which may induce cancer-cachexia. Dissertation formatted for submission to Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
Changes in contact and flight times with increased speed during overground and treadmill race walking

Introduction Race walking is an Olympic event dictated by a rule that states that no visible loss of contact with the ground should occur and that the leg must be straightened from first contact with the ground until the ‘vertical upright position’ (IAAF Rule 230.2). The measurement of contact and flight times during race walking is therefore of great interest to coaches and athletes. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of changes in speed on temporal variables in elite race walking during treadmill and overground race walking. Methods Eleven male race walkers (stature: 1.77 m (± 0.06), mass: 64.4 kg (± 4.7)) and eight female race walkers (stature: 1.67 m (± 0.09), mass: 56.1 kg (± 10.3)) participated. Fifteen of the athletes had competed at the 2016 Olympic Games or 2017 World Championships. For the overground condition, the men race walked multiple times down a 45-m indoor track at 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 km/h in a randomised order, whereas the women’s trials were at 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 km/h. Contact and flight times were measured for each trial using five connected 1 m strips of an OptoJump Next system (1000 Hz). For the treadmill condition (conducted on a separate day), each athlete race walked on a treadmill at five speeds for 3 min each. The speeds chosen were the same as during the overground condition and were conducted in a randomised order after a 10-min warm-up and familiarisation period. Results from the OptoJump Next system were extracted using specific settings based on the number of LEDs found optimal during a reliability study; for the overground tests, this setting was 2_2, whereas for the treadmill tests it was 0_0. Results For the overground condition, the values changed as follows (contact time / flight time): men – 11 km/h: 0.327 s / 0.015 s; 12 km/h: 0.304 s / 0.025 s; 13 km/h: 0.281 s / 0.035 s; 14 km/h: 0.267 s / 0.040 s; 15 km/h: 0.251 s / 0.044 s. For women, the values changed as follows – 10 km/h: 0.331 s / 0.012 s; 11 km/h: 0.307 s / 0.022 s; 12 km/h: 0.286 s / 0.033 s; 13 km/h: 0.269 s / 0.040 s; 14 km/h: 0.248 s / 0.049 s. For the treadmill condition, the values changed as follows: men – 11 km/h: 0.313 s / 0.021 s; 12 km/h: 0.296 s / 0.029 s; 13 km/h: 0.279 s / 0.038 s; 14 km/h: 0.261 s / 0.047 s; 15 km/h: 0.247 s / 0.053 s. For women, the values changed as follows – 10 km/h: 0.319 s / 0.023 s; 11 km/h: 0.293 s / 0.036 s; 12 km/h: 0.276 s / 0.045 s; 13 km/h: 0.258 s / 0.054 s; 14 km/h: 0.245 s / 0.059 s. Discussion Although it was unsurprising that contact time decreased with increased walking speed, and that there was a concurrent increase in flight time, what was interesting was that women had higher flight times when their speeds were matched with the men’s. Women therefore need to be more careful about displaying visible loss of contact. In addition, flight times tended to be higher during treadmill race walking at the same speed as overground (and contact times lower), suggesting that treadmill training could induce non-legal technique.
Analysis of variance when both input and output sets are high-dimensional

Motivation Modern genomic data sets often involve multiple data-layers (e.g., DNA-sequence, gene expression), each of which itself can be high-dimensional. The biological processes underlying these data-layers can lead to intricate multivariate association patterns. Results We propose and evaluate two methods for analysis variance when both input and output sets are high-dimensional. Our approach uses random effects models to estimate the proportion of variance of vectors in the linear span of the output set that can be explained by regression on the input set. We consider a method based on orthogonal basis (Eigen-ANOVA) and one that uses random vectors (Monte Carlo ANOVA, MC-ANOVA) in the linear span of the output set. We used simulations to assess the bias and variance of each of the methods, and to compare it with that of the Partial Least Squares (PLS)–an approach commonly used in multivariate-high-dimensional regressions. The MC-ANOVA method gave nearly unbiased estimates in all the simulation scenarios considered. Estimates produced by Eigen-ANOVA and PLS had noticeable biases. Finally, we demonstrate insight that can be obtained with the of MC-ANOVA and Eigen-ANOVA by applying these two methods to the study of multi-locus linkage disequilibrium in chicken genomes and to the assessment of inter-dependencies between gene expression, methylation and copy-number-variants in data from breast cancer tumors. Availability The Supplementary data includes an R-implementation of each of the proposed methods as well as the scripts used in simulations and in the real-data analyses. Contact gustavoc@msu.edu Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Distributions, conservation status, and abiotic stress tolerance potential of wild cucurbits (
 Cucurbita
 L.)

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2019 The Authors, Plants, People, Planet © New Phytologist Trust 1Agricultural Research Service, National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, USA 2International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia 3Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA 4Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA 5Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA 6World Vegetable Center, Shanhua, Taiwan 7Bioversity International, Lima, Peru 8Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, United States Department of Agriculture, Parlier, CA, USA 9Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Griffin, GA, USA 10Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Geneva, NY, USA 11Agricultural Research Service, Plant Introduction Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA 12Southwest Center and Institute of the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Mobile Computing for Disaster Emergency Management: Empirical Requirements Analysis for a Cooperative Crowdsourced System for Emergency Management Operation

In large-scale civil emergencies such as floods, earthquakes, and extreme weather conditions, extended geographic areas and a great number of people may be affected by the unfortunate events. The wireless internet and the widespread diffusion of smart-phones and mobile devices make it possible to introduce new systems for emergency management. These systems could improve the efficiency of the interventions by transferring information between affected areas and a central decision support system. Information on the state of the infrastructures, on people displacement, and on every other important and urgent issue can be gathered in the disaster area. The central system can manage all the received information and communicate decisions back to people and also facilitate the exchange of information for different people that are still in the disaster area. This paper presents a requirement analysis for these kinds of systems. The presented analysis allows better tailoring of the features of these systems with the aim to meet the real need of emergency management operators and citizens.
Circular Business Models that Extend Product Value: Going Beyond Recycling to Create New Circular Business Opportunities

Over the past ten years, significant industry, policy, and scientific attention has been given to the ‘circular economy’, which aims to create a more sustainable society by decoupling economic growth from resource consumption. Firms are expected to play a significant role in the shift to a circular economy model by implementing circular business models that encourage prolonged use of products, components, and materials. Yet, despite interest in the circular economy, there is a lack of empirical research about the effects of these business models and how to support theiradoption. This thesis aims to advance understanding of business models for a circular economy, with a focus on firms that slow resource loops and reverse product obsolescence. Using an interdisciplinary research approach, the thesis draws on business model theory and product life extension. The thesis presents theoretical and empirical examinations of circular business models using a variety of qualitative research methods. This includes a case study approach with Nordic firms in the ICT and maritime sectors to identify specific constraining and enabling factors for firms to adopt circular business models. A document study of participants’ reflections was also performed to evaluate one circular economy tool – the ‘In the Loop’ game.It was found that firms contribute to a circular economy through two main overarching circular business model strategies: ‘Extending Product Value’ or ‘Extending Resource Value’. While lack of market demand and high costs were identified as main constraints to adopting ‘Extending Product Value’ business models, the findings suggest that firms themselves can make adopting these models more competitive and cost-effective by refining their business offering. The findings confirm a number of factors could support the adoption of these business models, including policy interventions and game-based learning tools. Contextual differences between sectors and firms were also identified, including firm type (i.e., original equipment manufacturers or gap-exploiter), customer base (i.e., business-to-business or business-to-consumer), and geographic scope (i.e., national vs. international). The thesis underlines several environmental implications of circular business models. It suggests firms focus on maximising efficiency and that the adoption of circular business models does not guarantee reduced resource consumption or primary production. Solutions beyond firm-level interventions are a key part to a circular economy that achieves its intended environmental goals. (Less)
Metabolic Syndrome among Tanta Faculty of Medicine Administrative Employees

Objectives: The aim of study was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome using the definition proposed by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) among Tanta faculty administrative employees to recommend a certain measure for its prevention. Methods: A cross sectional survey study was conducted on 239 Tanta faculty administrative employees. Results: More than two thirds of the study group aged > 40 years. Females constituted about two thirds. 30.5% of study employees suffered from metabolic syndrome. Female, aged > 40 years, overweight and obese, physically inactive, current cigarette smoking, hypertensive, diabetic, dyslipidemic with abdominal obesity employees had statistically significant risk of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion and Recommendation: The study recommended educational intervention for lifestyle modification for all at risk employees with monitoring and managing risk profile. Key words: metabolic syndrome, adults, risk
High Frequency Market Making During Stressed Periods

High frequency market makers (HFMMs) are often viewed as an unreliable source of liquidity provision in times of high volatility. This paper studies the liquidity provision of HFMMs during high volatility periods. I find that, consistent with empirical evidence, HFMMs quote narrow spreads even when volatility is high, but they are not always present at the narrow spreads. Unlike traditional intermediaries, HFMMs manage adverse selection costs by decreasing the volume traded at the narrow spread. HFMMs effectively price discriminate between uninformed and informed investors by reducing the cross subsidization from uninformed investors to informed investors. As a result, uninformed investors pay a lower effective spread than informed investors. Market liquidity is improved and more gains from trade can be achieved in the presence of HFMMs. A policy to limit HFMMs' speed is a double-edged sword.
Exploring syntactic variation by means of “Language Production Experiments”: Methods from and analyses on German in Austria

Abstract This article presents computer supported “language production experiments” (LPEs) as a method for the investigation of syntactic variation. It describes the setup for the investigation of numerous syntactic phenomena and provides a sample study of the German GET passive across Austria. It also suggests that LPEs offer possibilities for the targeted investigation of linguistic variation in various ways. They may be used to explore speakers’ individual linguistic repertoires and an according corpus setup can be used to examine e.g., interspeaker patterns of variation. LPEs also enable researchers to investigate which linguistic factors control or influence syntactic variation.
The impact of product market competition on stock price crash risk

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of product market competition on the risk of stock price crash based on the degree of industry competition and the competitive position of enterprises. ,This paper chooses the data of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2017 as samples and uses a threshold regression model to explore the impact of product market competition on the risk of a stock price crash. ,The results show that: the overall level of industry competition is negatively correlated with the risk of stock price crash; the competitive position of enterprises and the risk of a stock price crash. The correlation is not significant: for high competitive enterprises, the degree of industry competition is negatively correlated with the risk of stock price crash; for low competitive enterprises, the degree of industry competition is positively correlated with the risk of a stock price crash and the conclusions obtained have passed the robustness test. ,This paper not only enriches the literature on the relationship between product market competition and the risk of stock price crash but also has reference significance for supervisors to allocate resources to supervise information disclosure of listed companies.
PENGAPLIKASIAN SENSOR WARNA PADA NAVIGASI LINE TRACKING ROBOT SAMPAH BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER

Static garbage boxes, which cannot move to the location where people want to dispose the garbage, is one of the reasons why people tend to litter. This static garbage box tends not to save energy and time of people who will dispose the garbage. In this research, a concept of handling waste using garbage robots is offered. This garbage robot is designed to move towards the location of people who want to dispose of trash. This robot can run automatically. Another advantage of using this garbage robot is the navigation of the robot that uses line tracking so that the robot's way to the garbage location can be arranged. Garbage locations are distinguished by color, while robot motion systems are based on line sensors as line track detectors. Using the robot that can go to the location, people who will dispose of the garbage can save more energy and time Abstra k Kotak sampah statis, yang belum bisa bergerak menuju tempat orang yang ingin membuang ‎sampah, merupakan salah satu sebab orang cenderung membuang sampah ‎sembarangan. Hal ini diakrenakan kotak sampah statis tidak menghemat ‎energi dan waktu orang yang akan membuang sampah. Pada penelitian ini, ditawarkan sebuah konsep penanggulangan sampah ‎menggunakan robot sampah. Robot sampah ini dirancang dapat bergerak menuju lokasi ‎orang yang ingin membuang sampah. Robot ini dapat berjalan secara otomatis. ‎Keuntungan lain dari penggunaan robot sampah ini adalah navigasi yang ‎menggunakan line tracking sehingga jalannya robot menuju ‎lokasi sampah dapat tertata. Lokasi sampah dibedakan berdasarkan warna, sedangkan sistem gerak robot berbasis sensor garis sebagai pendeteksi line track . Dengan adanya robot sampah yang bisa menuju lokasi, orang yang akan membuang sampah dapat lebih menghemat ‎energi dan waktu. ‎ Kata kunci : Robot sampah, Sensor warna, Line Tracking
FIB‐TEM analysis of cometary material in 10 Stardust foil craters

Aluminum foils from the Stardust cometary dust collector contain impact craters formed during the spacecraft's encounter with comet 81P/Wild 2 and retain residues that are among the few unambiguously cometary samples available for laboratory study. Our study investigates four micron‐scale (1.8–5.2 μm) and six submicron (220–380 nm) diameter craters to better characterize the fine (<1 μm) component of comet Wild 2. We perform initial crater identification with scanning electron microscopy, prepare the samples for further analysis with a focused ion beam, and analyze the cross sections of the impact craters with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). All of the craters are dominated by combinations of silicate and iron sulfide residues. Two micron‐scale craters had subregions that are consistent with spinel and taenite impactors, indicating that the micron‐scale craters have a refractory component. Four submicron craters contained amorphous residue layers composed of silicate and sulfide impactors. The lack of refractory materials in the submicron craters suggests that refractory material abundances may differentiate Wild 2 dust on the scale of several hundred nanometers from larger particles on the scale of a micron. The submicron craters are enriched in moderately volatile elements (S, Zn) when normalized to Si and CI chondrite abundances, suggesting that, if these craters are representative of the Wild 2 fine component, the Wild 2 fines were not formed by high‐temperature condensation. This distinguishes the comet's fine component from the large terminal particles in Stardust aerogel tracks which mostly formed in high‐temperature events.