Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pyrene-Labeled Poly(aryl ether) Monodendrons: Synthesis, Characterization, Diffusion Coefficients, and Photophysical Studies

Four generations of poly(aryl ether) monodendrons labeled with pyrene at the focus were synthesized and characterized by a combination of NMR, size-exclusion chromatography with light scattering detection, and electronic spectroscopy. The monodendrons were then studied by magnetic resonance and fluorescence techniques. Translational diffusion coefficients in THF-d8, acetonitrile-d3, and cyclohexane-d12 were measured by pulsed-field-gradient NMR and ranged from 2.2 × 10-5 cm2/s for methoxypyrene in acetonitrile to 3.4 × 10-6 cm2/s for the fourth generation monodendron in THF. Molecular radii were calculated from the diffusion coefficients by the Stokes−Einstein equation. In THF, the radii increased from 2.8 A for methoxypyrene to 14 A for the fourth generation monodendron. In acetonitrile the radii were smaller, increasing from 2.7 A for methoxypyrene to 5.4 A for the third generation monodendron. In both solvents, a change in solution structure between the second and third generation monodendrons was obse.
Significance of dietary sulphur and sulphate reducing bacteria in lactating dairy cattle: A review

Sulphur is an important mineral for animal nutrition as it is integral component of many biologically active compounds like amino acid, vitamins, co-enzymes, cartilage, glutathione, fibrinogen, heparin etc. Biotin, thiamine and methionine are essential compounds in monogastric animal’s diet but can be formed in rumen animal with the help of rumen bacteria and other can be manufactured with these. Generally sulphur contain approximately 0.15% of animal body weight but it may vary from species to species. Controlled amount of sulphur in dairy cattle can improve their performance in context of milk, digestion with the help of sulphate reducing bacteria, methane gas emission, but if given in dose more than the permissible level, may result into harmful effects.
Adsorption Properties of the Albumin–Chromium(III) Oxide System – Effect of Solution Ph and Ionic Strength

The phenomenon of protein adsorption on solid surfaces is important in many scientific areas. It is a common process, but very complicated. In this paper, both the mechanism of BSA, HSA, and OVA adsorption on chromium(III) oxide and the structure of formed adsorption layers were determined. The adsorption process was examined as a function of solution pH and ionic strengths. Regardless of the protein type the highest adsorption level was observed when the pH value of the solution was close to the protein isoelectric point. Under these conditions the macromolecules have a compact and folded conformation that allows for the packing of a larger amount on the unit Cr2O3 surface. The minimum adsorption rate, regardless of the protein type, was observed at pH = 3. It can be related to the expanded conformation of macromolecules and the electrostatic repulsion between the positively charged Cr2O3 surface and the positively charged polymer segments. The obtained results may be very helpful in the development of removal procedure of specific substances from the sewages and wastewaters. Furthermore, this information can be used to improve the separation processes carried out in food industry.
Vapor Pressure of Selected Organic Iodides

Vapor pressures of four organic iodides, 1-iodo-2-methylpropane (CAS Registry No. 513-38-2), 1-iodo-3-methylbutane (CAS Registry No. 541-28-6), 1-iodohexane (CAS Registry No. 638-45-9), and iodocyclohexane (CAS Registry No. 626-62-0), were measured using the static method in the technologically important temperature range (254 to 308) K. The experimental data were fitted with the Clarke and Glew equation. To our knowledge, this is the first time that vapor-pressure measurements for 1-iodohexane and iodocyclohexane are reported in the given temperature range. For 1-iodo-2-methylpropane and 1-iodo-3-methylbutane, the present measurements update the only available literature data originating from the year 1895.
UCST-type behavior of poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (POEGMA) in aliphatic alcohols: solvent, co-solvent, molecular weight, and end group dependences

Poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (POEGMA) is shown to possess insoluble–soluble transitions (UCST-type phase behavior) in a large variety of aliphatic alcohols. Samples of different molecular weights ranging from 5 kg mol−1 to 23 kg mol−1 prepared by the RAFT process and featuring different end groups at each end were analyzed by cloud point measurements. Transitions occurred sharply and were fully reversible. The UCST was found to increase with an increasing molecular weight. Hydrophobic (alkyl chain) end groups were found to lower the critical temperature in isopropanol, while rigid aromatic end groups raised the transition temperature. In ternary mixtures of isopropanol/chloroform/POEGMA, the UCST decreased with an increasing chloroform concentration, with 10 vol% of chloroform accounting for a 30 °C drop. In mixtures of isopropanol/hexane/POEGMA, the cloud point increased significantly only with hexane concentrations above 30 vol%, at which level a 2 °C transition temperature increase was found. Addition of water to isopropanol solutions had a strong effect, with 1 vol% of water causing a decrease of the transition temperature of 12.5 °C. With an increasing chain length of the solvent, the cloud point increased, while a branching of the hydrocarbon chains lowered the cloud point. Samples of 23 kg mol−1POEGMA were for instance found to have cloud points of 22.0 °C in ethanol, 35.7 °C in isopentanol, and 75.4 °C in dodecanol.
Supplemental Material: Self-Supervised Poisson-Gaussian Denoising

In other words, we integrate p(yi, xi) = p(yi|xi)p(xi) over all possible values of the clean pixel xi. Here, p(yi|xi) is simply our chosen noise model. p(xi) constitutes our prior belief about the value of xi before we have seen an observation of yi. We do not know what form the prior should take; it is essentially up to us to choose. Usually we use the conjugate prior of the noise model because this makes the integral tractable. Our loss function term for pixel i will then be
DETECTION OF PATHOGENIC AND ANTIBIOTIC GENES IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM MASTITIS IN THE MISAN PROVINCE, IRAQ

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important bovine mastitis related pathogens. The aim of this study was to assess the virulence and resistance gene profiles of 26 isolated Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis milk in A-Amarah Region, Maysan, Iraq. PCR examined the presence of 4 virulence genes (tst, sirB, icaA and hlg) encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin, Siderophore compound transporter permease protein, polysaccharide intracellular adhesion and gamahemolysin, respectively and 2 resistant genes (mecA and femA) encoding to resist Methicillin. It was found that the occurrence of sirB and femA genes was common (100%). The frequency of other genes was three (11.53%) of the isolate expressed in the mecA gene, four (15.38%) of the hlg gene, seven (26.92%) of the tst gene and 24 (92.30%) had icaA gene. The results indicate the variability in the presence of virulence genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates that may cause mastitis in cows and PCR assays can be used as simple diagnostic tools to detect the Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors and antimicrobial susceptibility tests that help diagnose the severity of the infection. this study concluded that simple PCR assays can be used as fast and responsive diagnostic tools to detect virulence factors and Staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial susceptibility tests that help diagnose infection frequency, also our funding illustrates the incorrect management of AL-Amarah town’s local bovine farms. It is therefore imperative to increase the awareness among farmers of using hygiene procedures in all dairy farms and must be strict hygienic and preventive measures are required between animals and humans and during food processing in order to avoid the colonization of MRSA isolates.
Femtosecond photoacoustics: integrated two-photon fluorescence and photoacoustic microscopy

Conventional photoacoustic imaging systems excite a photoacoustic wave by illuminating an area on the order of square centimeters with millijoule laser pulses. Spatial resolution is then determined by the ultrasound transducer and is typically on the order of 100 μm. We report on a system that focuses femtosecond, nanojoule pulses to a spot with a diameter of ~ 1 μm to perform laser-scanning photoacoustics with micrometer resolution. Near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses with a pulse energy of 2.4 nanojoules excite a train of photoacoustic waves at the repetition rate of the pulsed laser (80 MHz). These photoacoustic waves are detected by an unfocused single-element ultrasound transducer tuned to 80 MHz. A radiofrequency lock-in amplifier recovers the amplitude of the frequency component of the photoacoustic signal at the pulse repetition frequency. This amplitude is an indicator of the absorption coefficient of the sample at the laser focus and at the laser wavelength. Initial experiments using a graphite rod as absorber reproducibly yield signals in the 0.2 - 2 microvolt range with a signal-to-noise ratio of 18 dB, recovered from 10 mV of broadband noise. The photoacoustic imaging system is integrated in a commercial laser-scanning two-photon fluorescence microscope, enabling simultaneous three-dimensional fluorescence- and photoacoustic imaging. One major application will be to image both morphology and oxygen saturation of microvasculature in the cerebral cortex of anesthetized rodents in vivo in the context of tumor angiogenesis. In this paper we describe the physics of femtosecond photoacoustics and demonstrate initial results.
Growth and Structure of Picene Thin Films on SiO2

Growth and structure of picene thin films on SiO2 surface were studied from ultrathin film to thick film regimes (nominal film thickness upto 100 nm) by using X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. We found that from initial film growth picene form crystalline grains with a certain multilayer height, in which their crystalline ab-plane orients parallel to the substrate surface. With increasing the film thickness the number of the grains increases with keeping the grain height until the substrate surface is fully covered. These results indicate that picene films exhibit island growth mode on SiO2 surface.
Local flow distribution and optimal weighting against congestion and cascading failures in weighted complex networks

-Network robustness against congestion and cascading failures has been a research topic of practical importance. In this paper, we study information flow in weighted complex networks. We use a simple model to simulate traffic dynamics in the network, coupled with a local flow distribution strategy. Such flow distribution only makes use of the knowledge of local link weights. By implementing the model in the underlying scale-free (SF) networks, we demonstrate that by properly tuning a weight parameter, it is possible to achieve a global flow optimization based on local flow distribution, and a maximal level of network robustness against congestion and cascading failures can be obtained simultaneously. Numerical evidences have been provided in supporting our findings.
EFFECT OF INERT PARTICLE CONCENTRATION ON MASS TRANSFER BETWEEN PARTICLES AND LIQUID IN SOLID-LIQUID TWO-PHASE UPFLOW THROUGH VERTICAL TUBES AND IN STIRRED TANKS

Mass transfer coefficients between particles and liquid in the region of high particle concentration were obtained by the use of both active and inert particles suspended in solid-liquid two-phase upflow through vertical tubes and in stirred tanks. When adding inert particles of low density such as polystyrene and anion-exchange resin beads, mass transfer coefficients decreased with increasing particle concentration, remarkably above concentrations from 20 to 30%. Meanwhile, the coefficients increased in two-phase tube flow and decreased in stirred tanks when using glass beads. The experimental results were correlated with parameters including (1) the kinematic viscosity of slurry and (2) the effective energy dissipation rate, based on the concept that only a part of the energy supplied contributes to the mass transfer. The first method was successfully applied only to the system containing low-density particles, and the second to systems having either high- or low-density particles. The effectiveness of energy dissipation on mass transfer at high particle concentration is discussed in some detail.
INFLUENCE OF QUERCETIN ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS OF LAYER HENS

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of different levels of quercetin on physiological status of layer hens. Hens were reared in temperature controlled and well ventilated private hall for 20 weeks, five periods (28day/period). A total of 120 hens (Isa Brown) 40 weeks of age, supplied by Hendrix Genetics Company, were distributed randomly into four treatments, each treatment contained three equal replicates (10 hens/replicate). Hens were fed on the same basal diet during the adaptation period for one week which contained 17% crude protein with 2750 Kcal/kg diet energy. Experimental treatments were as follow: T1 (Control): basal diet without any addition, T2: basal diet supplemented with 400mg quercetin/kg diet, T3: basal diet supplemented with 800mg quercetin/kg diet, and T4: basal diet supplemented with 1200mg quercetin/kg diet. Physiological parameters findings, showed a significant (p  0.05) increasing in packed cell volume and hemoglobin, were improved significantly in T2 which supplemented with 400mg quercetin/kg diet. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and VLDL improved high significantly (p  0.01) with additive treatments (T2, T3 and T4). Total protein and globulin were differed high significantly (p  0.01) in T3 and T4 as compared with control. ALT and AST also differed high significantly (p  0.01) in T2 and T4 groups. In a ward, there is consideration of quercetin addition on physiological status which directly reflected on the performance and health of hens.
Cell homogenization and subcellular fractionation in two phytoplanktonic algae: implications for the assessment of metal subcellular distributions

Metal subcellular distribution in phytoplankton is of interest from both ecotoxicologic and trophic transfer perspectives. Differential centrifugation preceded by cell disruption is frequently used to separate metals in different intracellular compartments. Homogenization efficiency varies widely among species, however, and a quantitative assessment of this parameter is necessary. Moreover, fractions isolated by differential centrifugation remain operationally defined, and confirmation of the nature of these fractions is thus needed. In the present study, homogenization efficiencies for two chlorophytes were evaluated for different methods (sonicator, beadbeater, rotor‐stator homogenizer). For the most promising approach (sonication), homogenization efficiency was optimized, using a particle counter, 14C uptake, and growth experiments. The separation efficiency of a subcellular fractionation protocol was also optimized and applied to algae that had been exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of Cd (0.7 nM Cd2+). The homogenization efficiency could be reliably estimated with the particle counter. Contrasting homogenization efficiencies were obtained for the two test species; virtually all C. reinhardtii cells were easily broken, whereas a large proportion of P. subcapitata cells remained intact (73.2 ± 2.8%). Failure to consider the specific homogenization efficiency for P. subcapitata cells would lead to a greater than threefold underestimate of Cd quotas in the organelle and cytosol fractions.
Transparent Highly Ordered TiO2 Nanotube Arrays via Anodization of Titanium Thin Films

Titanium thin films, 400 nm to 1000 nm thick, fabricated by radio frequency (rf) sputter deposition are anodized in an electrolyte containing acetic acid and hydrofluoric acid to form optically transparent films of highly ordered titania nanotube arrays. Real‐time monitoring of the anodization current, at a fixed potential, is used to controllably eliminate the Ti layer underneath the titanium oxide nanotube array without disturbing the architecture. Fabrication variables critical to achieving the transparent nanotube‐array film include annealing temperature of the anodized, initially amorphous nanotube array and Ti‐film sputter deposition variables, including rate, film thickness, and substrate temperature. Structural investigations on the transparent nanotube arrays reveal only the presence of the anatase phase even after annealing at 500 °C. In contrast, both rutile and anatase phases were observed in films with a metal layer underneath the nanotubes and annealed in an oxygen ambient above 430 °C. Rutile growth occurs at the nanotube–metal interface as metal oxidation takes place during annealing. The average refractive index of the transparent nanotube‐array film is found to be 1.66 in the UV‐vis range, with a calculated porosity of 67 %; the bandgap is determined as 3.34 eV, with a bandgap tail extending to 2.4 eV.
Adsorbent Derived from Pinus pinaster Tannin for Cationic Surfactant Removal

Abstract Pinus tannin gel (PTG) has proven to be an effective adsorbent for removing various cationic pollutants including heavy metals, dyes, and surfactants. The form of obtaining these condensed tannins from Pinus pinaster bark was conventional aqueous extraction using 5.0% ethanol as additive. The present study focused on the removal of the surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) from aqueous solutions using PTG. Kinetic studies showed that the Lagergren, Ho, and Elovich models all adequately explained the kinetics of CTAB adsorption onto PTG, with r2 correlation coefficients of around 0.98. The influences of pH and temperature were found not to be critical, and the CTAB-PTG system was modeled theoretically according to the Langmuir hypothesis using linear, nonlinear, and multiparametric forms, obtaining the values of the activation energies and such system constants as k l .
Pharmacognostic, physicochemical and phytochemical studies of Andrographis echioides Nees. and Tridax procumbens L. leaf and stem

Pharmacognostic studies are very important since the parameters estimated are the identity of a particular plant and they are very useful to authenticate the plant under study and prevent it from adulteration and substitution. In the present work, pharmacognostic, physicochemical and phytochemical analysis of Andrographis echioides Nees. and Tridax procumbens L. leaf and stem has been attempted. The macroscopic, microscopic and powder study laid down the characteristic features of leaf and stem of the said plants. The crude powder of leaf and stem of both the plants was evaluated for the presence or absence of various phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, saponins, triterpenes, etc. The parameters evaluated in physicochemical analysis were ash values (total ash, water soluble ash, acid insoluble ash, sulphated ash), extractive values in different solvents and fluorescence analysis. The microscopic studies showed presence of palisade tissue, parenchymatous tissue, xylem, phloem, pointed multicellular trichomes and anomocytic stomata. In both the plants, leaf and stem possessed maximum amount of flavonoids and methanol had maximum extractive value. Fluorescence analysis imparted characteristic colours to the leaf and stem powder under different chemical reagents when observed under visible and UV light. The different salient diagnostic features established in this study will help for proper identification and standardization of the drug in crude form.
Electrochemical intercalation of lithium into carbon materials

The electrochemical synthesis of unsolvated Li + -graphite intercalation compounds (GIC's) has been carried out using oriented pyrographite and a liquid ethylene carbonate based electrolge. Different pure intercalation stages have been isolated and characterized by in situ 001 X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments formed during the electrochemical intercalation process. Determination of the in-plane organization of the intercalated species in selected phases has been carried out using hk0 XRD studies. The richest compound of golden colour is similar to the stage I LiC 6 compound obtained by direct reaction of lithium with graphite. Galvanostatic charge and discharge curves exhibiting voltage slopes and plateaus are discussed as regards to the phases identified by XRD analyses
Electrical Conductivity of Polypyrrole–Polymethylmethacrylate Composites Determined by Impedance Spectroscopy

ABSTRACT Thermal properties of polypyrrole–polymethylmethacrylate (PPy–PMMA) composites are analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A decrease in the glass transition temperature Tg with the PPy concentration content reveals the increase of segmental motion. The ac conductivity of these composites is studied in frequency range of 600 Hz to 1 MHz and temperature interval 23°C to 110°C. The study depending on the frequency has highlighted three domains: at low frequencies the conductivity is independent of frequency; at intermediate frequencies, the ac conductivity follows a power law in frequency; and at high frequency the ac conductivity can be explained in terms of hopping process.
Incommensurate Spin Fluctuations in High-Transition Temperature Superconductors

Neutron scattering experiments have revealed a fascinating interplay between the hole doping, the spin fluctuations, and the superconductivity of the cuprate superconductors. Recently, electrochemical techniques have been used to produce large single crystals of La2CuO4+ y , which has mobile oxygen dopants. Staging behavior of the excess oxygen has been demonstrated, and the low-energy spin fluctuations in stage 6 La2CuO4+ y have been measured. The spin fluctuations are incommensurate with the lattice and have spatial, energy, and temperature dependencies very much like those in La2− x Sr x CuO4, with similar high transition temperature. This establishes the universality of the incommensurate spin fluctuations among the La2CuO4-based superconductors.
Electric-field-directed growth of carbon nanotubes in two dimensions

The interplay between mechanical and electronic properties in carbon nanotubes leads to interesting characteristics in devices such as a nanotube cross structure. The fabrication of nanotube devices has often been based on random growth or deposition of nanotubes and subsequently searching for those in desired locations with proper orientations. Obviously we want to be able to make such devices controllably. We present data on extending the technique of one-dimensional alignment of nanotubes using electric field to two dimensions in order to make more complicated structures such as nanotube crosses. It appears that nanotubes assemble in the regions of the most intense electric field. Also, they tend to follow the local field lines, even in nonuniform fields. Furthermore, they tend to grow away from negative toward positive polarities.