Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pattern transfer on a vertical cavity sidewall using SU8

In this paper, a process to realize metal lines on the sidewall of high aspect ratio cavities is developed. As an alternative to conventional photoresist, SU8 is used to define patterns on vertical sidewalls of deep cavities while maintaining compatibility with conventional IC processes. When transferring a pattern onto a 3D structure, especially the coating process, cavity filling and step coverage become important issues and require specific attention. A highly uniform SU8 coating is obtained and 20 µm wide aluminium lines across 60 µm deep cavities are realized. Problems related to overexposure and to aluminium etching are presented as well. The resistance of the aluminium structures on top, bottom and sidewall of the cavities is measured and discussed.
Change detection in synthetic aperture radar images with a sliding hidden Markov chain model

This work deals with unsupervised change detection in bi-date Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. Whatever the indicator of change used to compute the criterion image, e.g. log-ratio or Kullback-Leibler divergence between images, we have observed poor quality change maps for some events when using the Hidden Markov Chain (HMC) model we focus on in this work. The main reason comes from the stationary assumption involved in this model --and in most Markovian models such as Hidden Markov Random Fields--, which can not be justified in most observed scenes: changed areas are not necessarily stationary in the image. Besides the non-stationary Markov models proposed in the literature, the aim of this paper is to describe a pragmatic solution to tackle change detection stationarity by evaluating and comparing a 1D and a 2D window approaches. By moving the window through the criterion image, the process is able to produce a change map which can better exhibit non-stationary changes than the classical HMC applied directly on the whole criterion image. Special care is devoted to the estimation of the number of classes in each window, which can vary from one (no change) to three (positive change, negative change and no change) by using the corrected Akaike Information Criterion suited to small samples. The quality assessment of the proposed approaches is achieved with a pair of RADARSAT images bracketing the Mount Nyiragongo volcano eruption event in January 2002. The available ground truth confirms the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to a classical HMC-based strategy.
Selecting Features to Classify Malware

Malware is a menace to computing. The lag between malware landing on a user’s system and the development of signatures to detect the same malware can prove catastrophic for users. Using data mining, we identify seven key features within the Microsoft PE file format that can be fed to machinelearning algorithms to classify malware. The resulting models classify malware with results comparable to existing research that uses many more features.
Probing the edge of the West African Craton: A first seismic glimpse from Niger

Constraints on crustal and mantle structure of the Eastern part of the West African Craton have to date been scarce. Here we present results of P receiver function and SK(K)S wave splitting analyses of data recorded at International Monitoring System array TORD in SW Niger. Despite lacking in lateral coverage, our measurements sharply constrain crustal thickness (∼41 km), VP/VS ratio (1.69 ± 0.03), mantle transition zone (MTZ) thickness (∼247 km), and a midlithospheric discontinuity at ∼67 km depth. Splitting delay times are low with an average of 0.63 ± 0.01 s. Fast directions follow the regional surface geological trend with an average of 57 ± 1°. We suggest that splitting is due to fossil anisotropic fabrics in the crust and lithosphere, incurred during the Paleoproterozoic Eburnean Orogeny, with possible contributions from the later Pan‐African Orogeny and present‐day mantle flow. The MTZ appears to be unperturbed, despite the proximity of the sampled region to the deep cratonic root.
An Opportunity in Multi-Omics Data Repositories for Cancer

The automation of important aspects of scientific data analysis would significantly accelerate the pace of science and innovation. Although there has been a lot of work done towards that automation, the hypothesize-test-evaluate discovery cycle is still largely carried out by hand by researchers. This introduces a significant human bottleneck, which leads to inefficiencies, potential errors, and incomplete explorations of the hypothesis and data analysis space. We introduce a novel approach to automate the hypothesize-test-evaluate discovery cycle with an intelligent system that a scientist can task to test hypotheses of interest against a data repository. Our approach captures three types of data analytics knowledge: 1) common data analytic methods represented as semantic workflows; 2) meta-analysis methods that aggregate those results, represented as meta-workflows; and 3) data analysis strategies that specify for a type of hypothesis what data and methods to use, represented as lines of inquiry. Given a hypothesis specified by a scientist, appropriate lines of inquiry are triggered, which lead to retrieving relevant datasets, running relevant workflows on that data, and finally running meta-workflows on workflow results. The scientist is then presented with a level of confidence on the initial hypothesis, a revised hypothesis, and possibly with new hypotheses. We have implemented this approach in the DISK system, and applied it to multi-omics data analysis.
Variability of the Tide at Some Sites in the Canadian Arctic

Various techniques are used to detect the possible distortion of the tide by the presence of an ice cover at some gauging sites in the Canadian Arctic. Some stations are apparently unaffected, while those around the periphery of Amundsen Gulf and Hudson Bay experience larger tides during the annual period of open water and the time of arrival of the tide is altered.
A Role of Bovine Cardiac Myosin-Hydrogel Polymere to Accelerate Wound Healing of Autograft Skin in Rabbits

: The present study were showed more developed in 2 nd and 3 rd treated groups compare with control and 1 st trated groups which were treated by bovine cardiac myosin-hydrogel polymer in three concentration 25%, 50% and 75%, while control group treated with gentamicine and hydrogel only, gross pictures were showed similar in all groups at 1-3 days after surgery, 2 nd and 3 rd groups were loss scar tissue above wound and wound line were showed until 9 days in 3 rd treated group, while wound line in 2 nd group were disappeared until to 10-13 days after surgery. Histopathological changes is very important to evidence the bovine cardiac myosin-hydrogel was effect to accelarete wound healing and speed recovery, collagen and fibers matrix in histopathology slides reveal to speed healing and the role of bovine cardiac myosin in wound healing, in conclusion the bovine cardiac myosin is highly effect in wound healing, in recommended ; to more study in this protein specially biochemical study and cytologyical study to knowledge the main elements whose play roles in wound healing.
When Losing a Valuable Resource Enhances Performance: Resource Turnover on Rugged Landscapes

In this study, we combine insights from the resource-based view (RBV) and organizational adaptation literature to examine under what conditions resource turnover is costly or beneficial to organizations. We employ a standard NK model in which firms develop, adapt, and exchange resources. We demonstrate that for different levels resource complexity and resource interdependence, firms may benefit or suffer from resource turnover. We show that there are conditions under which industry leaders may benefit from losing resources to their followers and conditions under which both industry leaders and followers benefit from turnover, creating win-win situations with strong incentives to encourage resource mobility across firms. Our results have important implications for both the RBV and the organizational adaptation literature. As for the RBV, we demonstrate that in settings where local search is important losing a valuable resource does not necessarily give away a firm’s competitive advantage. As for the organi.
Wafer-level assembly and sealing of a MEMS nanoreactor for in situ microscopy

This paper presents a new process for the fabrication of MEMS-based nanoreactors for in situ atomic-scale imaging of nanoparticles under relevant industrial conditions. The fabrication of the device is completed fully at wafer level in an ISO 5 clean room and it is based on silicon fusion bonding and thin film encapsulation for sealed lateral electrical feedthroughs. The fabrication process considerably improves the performances of previous nanoreactors. The wafer-level assembly allows faster preparation of devices, hydrocarbon contamination is no longer observed and the control of the channel height leads to a better flow reproducibility. The channel is shown to be sufficiently hermetic to work in the vacuum of a transmission electron microscope while a pressure of 100 kPa is maintained inside the nanoreactor. The transparency is demonstrated by the atomic scale imaging of YBCO nanoparticles, with a line spacing resolution of 0.19 nm.
Backoff as Performance improvements Algorithms A Comprehenssive

As a significant part of the Media Access Control protocol, the backoff algorithm purpose is to minimize number of collisions if not totally avoid any collision in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, in the case of contention between nodes to access a channel. Researchers have proposed many algorithms for backoff to enhance the network performance and improve it. This paper aims at exploring the main and most studied backoff algorithms and how do these algorithms lead to an enhancement of the MANETs performance. This paper also compares between the algorithms proposed in the literature and evaluates to what extent they have affected the performance and enhance it. KeywordsMANETs; Media Access Control; Backoff; Performance Measurement;Simulation. __________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________
Dynamics of Price Transmission and Market Power in the Turkish Beef Sector

This article addresses the recent beef price increases in Turkey where spikes occurred due to the impact of low milk prices that led to the liquidation of dairy herds, and suppliers’ and retailers’ market power behavior. In this research, we empirically investigate these issues by concentrating on the mechanism of price transmission along the beef marketing channel, and also by testing the possibility of existence of market power. The empirical results reject the null hypothesis of perfect competition by suppliers and retailers and show that beef price behavior is consistent with the presence of oligopolistic market structure. Price transmission is asymmetric for both retail and farm-gate prices. Market power of farmers seems to be short-lived and transitory, due to the excessive slaughter of cows and heifers at the time, whereas consolidation of retailers and their market power behavior raises long-term public concerns and has policy and agribusiness implications.
Acoustic Emission and Acousto-Ultrasonic Techniques for Wood and Wood-Based Composites — A Review

This review focuses on the feasibility of acoustic emission (AE) and acousto-ultrasonic (AU) techniques for monitoring defects in wood, particularly during drying. The advantages and disadvantages of AE and AU techniques are described. Particular emphasis is placed on the propagation and attenuation of ultrasonic waves in wood and the associated measurement problems. The review is divided into two sections, acoustic emission techniques and acoustoultrasonic techniques. It includes historical background on the techniques as well as applications for wood and wood products. Because much research on nondestructive tests for wood has been published only in Japanese, considerable attention is given to those publications.
Automated Model Generation for Hybrid Vehicles Optimization and Control

Systematic optimization of modern powertrains, and hybrids in particular, requires the representation of the system by means of Backward Quasistatic Models (BQM). In contrast, the models used in realistic powertrain simulators are often of the Forward Dynamic Model (FDM) type. The paper presents a methodology to derive BQM’s of modern powertrain components, as parametric, steady-state limits of their FDM counterparts. The parametric nature of this procedure implies that changing the system modeled does not imply relaunching a simulation campaign, but only adjusting the corresponding parameters in the BQM. The approach is illustrated with examples concerning turbocharged engines, electric motors, and electrochemical batteries, and the influence of a change in parameters on the supervisory control of an hybrid vehicle is then studied offline, in co-simulation and on an HiL test bench adapted to hybrid vehicles (HyHiL).
Experimentally based simulations on modulated lidar for shallow underwater target detection and localization

Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) is currently used for bathymetric measurement or underwater target detection. A new underwater-target detection scheme named modulated lidar was recently proposed. The study reported here deals with optimization of the modulation process to be applied under such detection conditions. A theoretical model was extracted from available experimental results by deconvolution and further used to simulate realistic backscattered signals for the development of a new modulation scheme. Then, an optimum set of amplitude modulation code parameters was obtained by maximizing the target signal-to-noise ratio. This paper will highlight some particularly promising waveform configurations.
Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition Using Eigen Space Decomposition

In this paper, we mainly describe a new approach of Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition (HCCR), which is based on eigen-character extraction. The procedure of the eigen-character extraction method is explained including initialization, eigen character extraction (or eigen spaces generation) and character recognition. Two different methods are presented to do eigen character recognition respectively. Besides, k Nearest Neighbor (kNN) is implemented to improve the recognition rate of the new approach. In the end, a comparison is made between the eigen-character extraction approach and other existing approaches through simulation based experiments. The results show that our approach has a satisfying rate and could be further improved if combined with some other methods such as elastic matching and wavelet methods.
Iterative joint detection using recursive signal cancellation

It is argued that iterative signal cancellation receivers, with or without the use of error control coding, are preferred for practically viable multiuser detection. Achievable spectral efficiencies are calculated for both cases and arguments are given on how to achieve maximum spectral efficiencies by rate or power layering of the different users in a multiple access environment. The achievable spectral efficiencies of iterative cancellation receivers, which include error control codes, are compared to those which do not. The latter are found to be essentially viable only in power controlled environments.
How Good a Map? Putting Small Area Estimation to the Test

The authors examine the performance of small area welfare estimation. The method combines census and survey data to produce spatially disaggregated poverty and inequality estimates. To test the method, they compare predicted welfare indicators for a set of target populations with their true values. They construct target populations using actual data from a census of households in a set of rural Mexican communities. They examine estimates along three criteria: accuracy of confidence intervals, bias, and correlation with true values. The authors find that while point estimates are very stable, the precision of the estimates varies with alternative simulation methods. While the original approach of numerical gradient estimation yields standard errors that seem appropriate, some computationally less-intensive simulation procedures yield confidence intervals that are slightly too narrow. The precision of estimates is shown to diminish markedly if unobserved location effects at the village level are not well captured in underlying consumption models. With well specified models there is only slight evidence of bias, but the authors show that bias increases if underlying models fail to capture latent location effects. Correlations between estimated and true welfare at the local level are highest for mean expenditure and poverty measures and lower for inequality measures.
A typology of strategy tool applications

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to improve the success rate and quality of outcome when strategy tools are used in practical situations.Design/methodology/approach – Draws on post‐experience teaching and uses conceptual reasoning to propose a typology of tool applications.Findings – The paper finds that strategy tools need to be used differently according to the problem needs, and hence proposes five generic modes of tool application. These draw on seven dimensions to codify the functions and cognitive characteristics in a given tool application.Research limitations/implications – The modes of application are conceptually rather than empirically derived. The paper provides conceptual background that could be used in much‐needed empirical work on tool use in the strategy activity.Practical implications – The typology could be used in teaching or facilitation to encourage and help with the design of tool adaptations that are coherent and well adapted to the situation. It provides a means for prior.
Survey of Sparse Adaptive Filters for Acoustic Echo Cancellation

This paper reviews the existing developments of adaptive methods of sparse adaptive filters for the identification of sparse impulse response in both network and acoustic echo cancellation from the last decade. A variety of different architectures and novel training algorithms have been proposed in literature. At present most of the work in echo cancellation on using more than one method. Sparse adaptive filters take the advantage of each method and showing good improvement in the sparseness measure performance. This survey gives an overview of existing sparse adaptive filters mechanisms and discusses their advantages over the traditional adaptive filters developed for echo cancellation.
A pelagic ecosystem model simulating production and sedimentation of biogenic particles: role of salps and copepods

Production and sedimentation of biogenic particles are investigated by a depth-dependent model of a Mediterranean coastal pelagic ecosystem during spring. The model considers living and dead phytoplankton (chiefly diatoms) and its sedimentation, 2 herbivores, salps and copepods, and sedimentation of their fecal pellets and carcases; a sediment trap is assumed to be set up at 200 m depth. Results underline the major role played by fecal pellets and by both living and dead salps in vertical matter flux. Fecal pellets of salps and copepods constitute 65 % of the material in the trap after a 40 d simulation period. Although salp and copepod biomasses are similar, the magnitude and composition of the particle flux are much more influenced by salps than by copepods: salp fecal pellets and carcases account for 72 % of the maximum overall flux. The fluxes calculated by this model are in good agreement with those generally recorded in the field: at 200 m depth, up to 72.3 mgC m 2 d ' and a mean of 44.7 mgC m 2 d over 40 d.
Contribution towards the development of a DNA barcode reference library for West African mammals

DNA barcoding is a widely used molecular approach for species cataloging for unambiguous identification and conservation. In the present study, DNA barcoding of some West African mammals were performed with six new mitochondrial CO1 sequences for Civettictis civetta , Tadarida nigeriae , Orycteropus afer , Heliosciurus gambianus , Equus africanus asinus and Funisciurus anerythrus which are absent in public databases such as BLAST/NCBI and BOLD. Sequence identifications were made by comparing unknown sequences against the DNA barcodes of known species through distance-based tree construction and alignment probing. The sequences have been deposited to GenBank/NCBI. Keywords: mtDNA, West African mammals, conservation, biodiversity.
Zygochlamys patagonica beds on the Argentinian shelf. Part II: Population dynamics of Z. patagonica

The scallop bank, “Reclutas”, on the Argentinian shelf was sampled on two occasions, first, some months after initial settlement of the scallop Zygochlamys patagonica (1995) and again, 4 years later (1998). Z. patagonica already dominated the epibenthic community (33 species) in 1995, contributing 26 % to community biomass (2.85 g C·m-2) and 40 % to community production (0.75 g C·m-2·y-1; 95 % confidence interval: 0.63 to 0.89 g). In 1998, both community biomass (4.64 g C·m-2) and production (1.33 g C·m-2·y-1 95 % confidence interval: 1.12 to 1.57 g) were higher, and the proportion of Z. patagonica rose to > 60 % for both.
Design of a Small Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna Array With a Single-Layer Coupled Feed Structure for Enhanced Bore-Sight Gain and a Matching Bandwidth

ABSTRACT This article proposes the design of a controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA) array with a single-layer coupled feed structure to improve the radiation gain and a matching bandwidth. Each array element consists of a feeding patch and an outer radiating loop printed on a thick ceramic substrate with a high dielectric constant. The loop is capacitively coupled to the patch and the coupling strength is adjusted by varying the gap distance. Antenna characteristics are measured in a full anechoic chamber, and an equivalent circuit is built to verify the operating principle. The results demonstrate that the proposed structure is more suitable to enhance the gain and bandwidth compared to a conventional patch antenna in small CRPA arrays.
Revision of the genus Mimesthes (Coleoptera: Meloidae: Mylabrini)

The species of the mylabrine genus Mimesthes are revised and a new species (M. karooensis) is described from the South African Karoo. The systematic position of the genus is also discussed and an identification key to the species is proposed. Geographical distribution and habitat preferences, as well as other bionomic features, are summarised.