Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytophthora austrocedri in Argentina and Co-Inhabiting Phytophthoras: Roles of Anthropogenic and Abiotic Factors in Species Distribution and Diversity

This work reports the first survey of Phytophthora diversity in the forests soils of Andean Patagonia. It also discusses the role of anthropogenic impact on Phytophthora distribution inferred from the findings on Phytophthora diversity and on the distribution of Phytophthora austrocedri-diseased forests. Invasive pathogen species threatening ecosystems and human activities contribute to their entry and spread. Information on pathogens already established, and early detection of potential invasive ones, are crucial to disease management and prevention. Phytophthora austrocedri causes the most damaging forest disease in Patagonia, affecting the endemic species Austrocedrus chilensis (D. Don) Pic. Sern. and Bizzarri. However, the relationship between anthropogenic impacts and the disease distribution has not been analyzed enough. The aims of this work were: to evaluate Phytophthora diversity in soils of Andean Patagonia using a metabarcoding method, and analyze this information in relation to soil type and land use; to assess the distribution of Austrocedrus disease over time in relation to anthropogenic and abiotic gradients in an area of interest; and to discuss the role of human activities in Phytophthora spread. High throughput Illumina sequencing was used to detect Phytophthora DNA in soil samples. The distribution of Austrocedrus disease over time was assessed by satellite imagery interpretation. Twenty-three Phytophthora species, 12 of which were new records for Argentina, were detected. The most abundant species was P. austrocedri, followed by P. × cambivora, P. ramorum and P. kernoviae. The most frequent was P. × cambivora, followed by P. austrocedri and P. ramorum. Phytophthora richness and abundance, and Austrocedrus disease distribution, were influenced by land use, anthropogenic impact and soil drainage. Results showed several Phytophthoras, including well-known pathogenic species. The threat they could present to Patagonian ecosystems and their relations to human activities are discussed. This study evidenced the need of management measures to control the spread of P. austrocedri and other invasive Phytophthora species in Patagonia.
Brain micro‐vasculature imaging: An unsupervised deep learning algorithm for segmenting mouse brain volume probed by high‐resolution phase‐contrast X‐ray tomography

High‐throughput synchrotron‐based tomographic microscopy at third generation light sources allows to probe cm‐sized samples at micrometer‐resolution. In this work, we present an approach to image a full mouse brain. With Indian‐ink as a contrast agent, it was possible to obtain 3D distribution of microvessels while a computational framework automatically extracted the morphological and geometrical embedding of the putative vascular systems. Results demonstrate the potentiality of the proposed methodology to visualize and quantify in 3D details of the brain tissue with an image quality and resolution previously unachievable.
Ecological and morphological determinants of evolutionary diversification in Darwin's finches and their relatives

Abstract Darwin's finches are a classic example of adaptive radiation, a process by which multiple ecologically distinct species rapidly evolve from a single ancestor. Such evolutionary diversification is typically explained by adaptation to new ecological opportunities. However, the ecological diversification of Darwin's finches following their dispersal to Galápagos was not matched on the same archipelago by other lineages of colonizing land birds, which diversified very little in terms of both species number and morphology. To better understand the causes underlying the extraordinary variation in Darwin's finches, we analyze the evolutionary dynamics of speciation and trait diversification in Thraupidae, including Coerebinae (Darwin's finches and relatives) and, their closely related clade, Sporophilinae. For all traits, we observe an early pulse of speciation and morphological diversification followed by prolonged periods of slower steady‐state rates of change. The primary exception is the apparent recent increase in diversification rate in Darwin's finches coupled with highly variable beak morphology, a potential key factor explaining this adaptive radiation. Our observations illustrate how the exploitation of ecological opportunity by contrasting means can produce clades with similarly high diversification rate yet strikingly different degrees of ecological and morphological differentiation.
Dynamic and Heterogeneous Demand for Urban Green Space by Urban Residents: Evidence from the Cities in China

With the increasing number of people starting to attach importance to urban green space (UGS), estimating urban residents’ demand for UGS has become critical. Previous studies have estimated residents’ demands for UGS in different cities using the Rosen–Roback model. However, there has been little analysis of the renters’ requirements for UGS or the dynamic and heterogeneous demands for UGS by residents in cities with varying characteristics. In this study, the prefecture-level cities in China were selected as the object of study for their wide representation of various city characteristics, and the Rosen–Roback model was used to address the abovementioned issues. Residents’ demand for UGS in 285 prefecture-level cities was assessed from 2010 to 2017. The results confirm our hypothesis that when UGS increases by 1%, house prices will increase by about 3% and rents will increase by about 7%, and the demand continues to grow. We also analyzed the heterogeneous demands for UGS by urban residents in different types of cities from three aspects: population density, economic level, and the effects of the National Forest City policy. Finally, we provided suggestions based on empirical results for planning and managing UGS.
Desperately seeking the artefacts and the foundations of native theory in gamification research: why information systems researchers can play a legitimate role in this discourse and how they can better contribute

Business Information Technology Department, Pamplin College of Business, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA, paul.lowry. phd@gmail. com; Department of Information Systems and Business Analytics, Hankamer School of Business, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Information Systems Department & Research Center for Information System Design (Iteg), The University of Kassel; Institute for Information Management (IWI HSG), University of St. Gallen, Switzerland
Short Take: Lowering the Access Barriers to Ethnographic Methodology

Researchers based in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) often cannot access conventional but high-priced ethnographic tools. I developed a low-cost methodology as an exercise in meeting the needs of both LMIC-based researchers and the broader qualitative community. As demonstrated in this proof of concept, ethnographic researchers should strive for a suite of open access software tools and common and affordable hardware to reduce inequities in knowledge generation and dissemination.
Ukrainian Sunflower Market on the Background of EU and US Markets

This paper aims to provide market analysis of the sunflower market in Ukraine (UA) and research the existence of integration between the sunflower oil markets in Ukraine, the European Union (EU) and the United States (US). To fulfill the aims in the paper, yearly balances of sunflower seed, sunflower oil and sunflower cake were analyzed and price analysis was conducted. Price integration was assessed with the use of the error correction model (ECM) which was applied to monthly prices for sunflower oil from 2000 to 2020. Our findings provide evidence of high price transmission between the UA and EU markets, conversely lower price transmission was observed between the UA and the US.
Establishment of a Cell Suspension Culture of Eysenhardtia platycarpa: Phytochemical Screening of extracts and Evaluation of Antifungal Activity.

Eysenhardtia platycarpa (Fabaceae) is a medicinal plant used in México and it lacks biotechnological studies for its use. The aim of this work was to establish a cell suspension cultures (CSC) of E. platycarpa, determine the phytochemical profile, and evaluate its antifungal activity. Friable callus and CSC were established with 2 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid plus 0.1 mg/L kinetin. The highest total phenolics of CSC was 15.6 mg GAE/g dry weight and the total flavonoids content ranged from 56.2 to 104.1 µg QE/g dry weight. CG‒MS analysis showed that the dichloromethane extracts of CSC, sapwood and heartwood have a high amount of hexadecanoic acid (22.3 ‒ 35.3 %) and steroids (13.5 ‒ 14.7%). Heartwood and sapwood defatted hexane extracts have the highest amount of stigmasterol (≈ 23.4%) and β-sitosterol (≈ 43%), and leaf extracts presented β-amyrin (16.3%). Methanolic leaves extracts showed mostly sugars and some polyols, mainly D-pinitol (74.3%). Dichloromethane and fatty hexane extracts of CSC exhibited the percentages inhibition higher for Sclerotium cepivorum with 71.5 and 62.0%, respectively. The maximum inhibition for Rhizoctonia solani was with fatty hexane extracts of the sapwood (51.4%). Our study suggest that CSC extracts could be used as a possible complementary alternative to synthetic fungicides.
Fragments online: virtual performatives in recreational discourse

ABSTRACT Virtual performatives constitute conspicuous digital fragments as they appear across modes of computer-mediated communication and social media platforms, irrespective of whether these are text-only or multimodal, and whether reciprocity is expected. Typical instances include typographically signalled, stand-alone predications in the third-person simple present tense which refer to the technology user. For instance, by typing in a performative predication such as *waves*, the user is instantaneously enacting the virtual action of waving. This article examines the form and function of such fragments in light of their use in two modes of recreational online discourse in English: discussion boards and microblogging. The study adds to the knowledge of textual fragments and has implications for the understanding of the intricacies of online discourse.
A fast Broyden's approximation‐based weighted least square state estimation for power systems

State estimation (SE) serves as the heart of the energy management systems in providing online database by processing slow‐sampled supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) measurements. The recent development of fast sampled phasor measurement units (PMUs) provides real‐time measurements that enable tracking of the system state; however, the associated high initial cost does not allow to completely replace the existing SCADA measurements by PMUs. This article thus attempts to employ both the SCADA and PMU measurements, and suggests a new SE scheme comprising of a static SE module (SSEM) that estimates system state at defined time interval in the order of minutes using both the SCADA and PMU measurements, and a fast state reconstructing module for tracking the system state using PMU measurements and the calculated pseudo measurements in place of SCADA measurements. The proposed scheme employs Broyden's approach that avoids repeated formation and factorization of the Jacobian and gain matrices, respectively while iteratively solving the nonlinear simultaneous equations. It exhibits superior computational efficiency of the suggested scheme by presenting simulation results of four standard test systems.
A Comparative Study of Organic and Conventional Management on the Rhizosphere Microbiome, Growth and Grain Quality Traits of Tritordeum

Tritordeum is a novel hexaploid cereal derived from the cross between a wild Chilean barley species (Hordeum chilense Roem. et Schultz) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum Desf.) that is potentially of great interest for human nutrition. In this study, a commercial and an experimental Tritordeum cultivar were analyzed in comparison with a reference durum wheat under conventional and organic management. We demonstrate that Tritordeum is better adapted to organic farming through an increase in the below-ground rhizosphere community of the Bacteroidetes phylum, which includes many bacteria species known to exert beneficial effects on plants, particularly for root growth. Despite a considerably lower grain yield, Tritordeum had better quality traits than durum wheat, particularly under organic farming vs. conventional management, with respect to total protein contents, high molecular weight glutenin subunits, antioxidant free phenols and nutrients (i.e., calcium, potassium, sulphur, iron, and zinc), depending on the cultivar. We conclude that Tritordeum is a promising cereal in light of its quality traits and adaptability to sustainable crop management practices, such as organic farming, although further improvement in yield potential should be pursued by breeding and by optimising the cultivation method.
An Overview of DNA Topoisomerase: The Cellular Magicians

During any cellular process that involves DNA, a phenomenon might occur in the DNA double helix, which is known as supercoiling. The most common example of supercoiling is during helicase activity in DNA replication and transcription of DNA, which causes both positive and negative supercoiling on the DNA, and changes it’s topology. Any sort of topological change such as supercoiling, imparts stress in the DNA double helix, and can affect the overall activity of DNA. Hence, the topology must be well regulated inside the cell. DNA Topoisomerase is the main enzyme, which regulates the DNA topology in the cell. In this paper, we focus on the types and mechanism of action of DNA Topoisomerase enzymes found in different genera of living organisms, from prokaryotes to higher eukaryotes. Also we have discussed the pharmacological significances of topoisomerase enzymes as potential drug targets.
Optimization of Log-Periodic TV Reception Antenna with UHF Mobile Communications Band Rejection

The coexistence of TV broadcasting and mobile services causes interference that leads to poor quality-of-service for TV consumers. Solutions usually found in the market involve external band-stop filters along with TV reception log-periodic and Yagi-Uda antennas. This paper presents a log-periodic antenna design without additional filtering that serves as a lower cost alternative to avoid interference from mobile services into the UHF TV. The proposed antenna operates in the UHF TV band (470–790 MHz-passband) and rejects the 800 MHz and 900 MHz bands (stopband) of 4G/LTE-800 and GSM900 services, respectively. Matching to 50 Ohms is very satisfactory in the passband with values of S11 below −12 dB. Furthermore, the antenna is highly directive with a realized gain of approximately 8 dBi and a front-to-back ratio greater than 20 dB.
Numerical and mathematical analysis of induction motor by means of AB–fractal–fractional differentiation actuated by drilling system

The quality of electric induction motors for its high number of applications can be compared with traditional motor for the check of accuracy of physical and psychological discomforts. A mathematical analysis is performed to study the chaotic phenomena of drilling system actuated by induction motor by means of newly defined fractal–fractional differentiations. The mathematical modeling is described by focusing the drilling system consisting of two disks connected to each other by a steel string in which upper disk is actuated by DC‐motor and lower disk with friction force. The derived dynamical mathematical model of drilling system actuated by induction motor based on ordinary differential equations is fractionalized with fractal differential operator of Atangana–Baleanu. For the sake of confirmation of drill string failures and breakdowns, the numerical simulations are performed via novel effective technique of linear multi‐step integration method (Adams–Bashforth–Moulton method). At the end, the fractional, fractal, and fractal–fractional chaotic behaviors and phase portraits have disclosed various resemblances and metamorphoses.
HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY ANALYSIS OF LOMOFUNGIN IN STREPTOMYCES LOMONDENSIS

A quick and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the determination of lomofungin in Streptomyces lomondensis. Extraction of lomofungin was carried out by liquid–liquid extraction. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column (5 µm, 4.6 mm × 250 mm, Agilent Inc). The mobile phase was formic acid [0.1% (v/v)]/acetonitrile of a segmented gradient, which was 8:2 in the first 4 min, then 6:4 for 16 min, and 8:2 for 10 min. The flow rate was 1 mL min−1, and the detection wavelength was 270 nm. Under these chromatographic conditions, lomofungin was eluted at 17.6 min. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range from 10 to 400 µg mL−1, and the accuracy was within a range of 96.6 to 104.0%. The HPLC method was applied successfully to monitor dynamic lomofungin production of Streptomyces lomondensis during a 120 hr growth cycle.
Hospital Allocation and Racial Disparities in Health Care

We develop a framework to measure the role of hospital allocation in racial disparities in health care and use it to study Black and white heart attack patients. Black patients receive care at lower-performing hospitals than white patients. However, over two decades, the performance gap between hospitals treating Black and white patients shrank by over two-thirds. This progress is due to more rapid performance improvement at hospitals that tended to treat Black patients, rather than reallocation of patients. Hospital improvement is correlated with adoption of a productivity-raising input, beta-blockers. Our work highlights reallocation and performance improvement as future disparity-reduction levers.
Switching Mechanism behind the Device Operation Mode in SnO‐TFT

Oxide semiconductor‐based complementary inverter technology is one of the crucial topics to advance oxide device technology to the next stage of development. However, the absence of high‐performance p‐channel oxide thin‐film transistor (TFT) hinders the development of oxide‐complementary inverter circuit. Tin monoxide (SnO) is a promising oxide semiconductor to develop not only p‐channel but also ambipolar oxide TFTs. However, the understanding of device operation mode in SnO‐TFT is still insufficient to control the TFT operation modes and to further improve the device performance. The origin of switching mechanism behind the different operation modes in SnO‐TFT is clarified by performing back‐channel defect engineering. It is found that back‐channel subgap defects that involve deep donor‐like and deep acceptor‐like states control the device operation modes of SnO‐TFT. High‐density defects remove the ambipolarity from SnO‐TFT and make the device to only operate in p‐channel mode. ALD‐Al2O3 passivation effectively reduces these defects and produces good ambipolar SnO‐TFTs with p‐channel mobility of ≈1.2 cm2 V−1 s−1 and n‐channel mobility of ≈0.03 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. The complementary‐like inverter is fabricated using two identical ambipolar SnO‐TFTs and exhibits the voltage gain of 64.1 ± 12.0 and 48.8 ± 6.8 for the first and third quadrants, respectively.
Tracing the Geographic Origin of Merbau (Intsia palembanica Miq.) in Century Old Planting Trials

Our study highlights the utilization of a genetic database for wood-origin identification in Intsia palembanica, a valuable heavy hardwood from the tropical forests. This forensic tool is essential for strengthening the verification of legality in the wood supply chain from the forest to the end-users. An increasing number of rules and regulations are being put in place to promote sustainable practice in the timber trade, one of which involves ensuring that importers declare the correct species name and source of geographic origin of the timber. We aimed to determine the origin of the I. palembanica seed source used in the early establishment on the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) campus. DNA samples of I. palembanica individuals from the FRIM campus were obtained and analyzed using four chloroplast (cp) DNA markers to characterize the haplotype variants for population identification. In addition, the DNA samples were also genotyped at 14 short tandem repeat (STR) loci for individual identification. Individual assignment to the possible geographic origin was done through an assignment test. On the basis of our recently developed I. palembanica genetic databases, the I. palembanica seed source for the early establishment was inferred to be originated from a mixture of several sources, with a large portion from the southern region (89%) and a relatively small portion from the northern region (11%) of Peninsular Malaysia. The I. palembanica seed source used for the early establishment on the century old FRIM campus was inferred to be originated from several forest reserves located not far from the planting sites. This study proves the applicability of the DNA method in supply-chain verification, where an unknown I. palembanica tree can be traced to its geographic origin using genetic databases.
Model for Nickel‐Iron Alloy Electrodeposition on a Rotating Disk Electrode

A model for nickel-iron electrodeposition from a sulfate bath onto a rotating disk electrode based on an alternate description of electrode kinetics from that most commonly used has been presented and analyzed. The reaction mechanism in this model differs in that Ni 2+ and Fe 2+ are the electroactive species and NiOH + and FeOH + are not involved whatsoever. Transport of each dissolved species is considered to occur via diffusion, convection, and migration. Comparison of simulations with experimental data shows that our model can predict characteristic features of the nickel-iron system, such as anomalous codeposition and the occurrence of a maximum in iron content in the deposit at intermediate currents, at least as well as the earlier models. Furthermore, the computed changes in surface pH are in good agreement with experimental near-surface pH measurements reported in the literature and much too low for NiOH + and FeOH + to be present in significant amounts. Some approaches for future work for elucidating the reaction mechanism and distinguish between the various alternatives are discussed.