Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Violence Trending: How Socially Transmitted Content of Police Misconduct Impacts Reactions toward Police Among American Youth

Videos of police abuse are often spread through technology, raising questions around how perceptions of police are impacted by these images, especially for 18–24-year-olds who are constantly “logged on. ” Limited research investigates the impact of social media on attitudes toward police accounting for age and race. The present study utilizes 19 in-depth interviews with a diverse sample of urban college students who regularly use social media in order to understand how they have been impacted by this content. The findings suggest the necessity of using an intersectional framework to understand the impact of tech-witnessed violence. While no gender differences were uncovered, racial differences did surface. White participants described being minimally influenced by videos of police misconduct, rationalizing it as a “few bad apples. ” In contrast, participants of color, except those with family members in law enforcement, described being negatively impacted. Viral content contributed to negative opinions of police, emotional distress, and fears of victimization. Ultimately, videos of police brutality do not impact young populations equally. Instead, they are comparatively more harmful to young people of color who spend more time on social media, can envision themselves as the victims, and experience feelings of fear, despair, and anger after watching these videos.
A critical realist exploration of entrepreneurship as complex, reflexive and myriad

ABSTRACT This paper builds on previous studies that explore entrepreneurship from a critical realist morphogenetic perspective, and incorporates the neglected aspect of how agential reflexivity shapes entrepreneurship. Using the morphogenetic framework and its typology of reflexive modes, we analyse 78 work and life histories gathered from Sri Lanka with the aim of understanding reflexive entrepreneurial action. Our findings suggest that, while autonomous reflexives match the common understanding of entrepreneurship, i.e. that it is individualistic and wealth-driven, nevertheless the other reflexive modalities also exhibit entrepreneurship. For example, communicative reflexives may demonstrate entrepreneurship in achieving their aspiration to maintain a family firm or tradition, and meta-reflexives may demonstrate entrepreneurship in order to realize their value ideals. We conclude that the morphogenetic typology of reflexivity is a reliable guide to understanding subtleties associated with entrepreneurial action and resolving the ongoing debate about whether entrepreneurship is best understood as motivated by the individual or by society.
Human Capital and Energy Efficiency: Evidence from Developing Countries

This study explores the effect of human capital on energy efficiency in a panel of developing countries from 1990 to 2017. Using the stochastic frontier model and the energy demand function, our results show that human capital can increase energy efficiency. Even after controlling for certain factors, the variable for human capital result remains unchanged. With regards to the controls, green innovation increased energy efficiency, while institutional quality showed an insignificant relation with energy efficiency. In general, the research results show that one essential positive externality of human capital development is that it promotes a greener future through energy conservation. Our findings can provide policymakers and governments with good reasons why more attention should be paid to human capital development to stimulate energy efficiency and a green future.
Microbubble Skin Friction Reduction under the Influence of Pressure Gradients and Curved Surface

The influence of streamwise pressure gradients and curved surfaces on microbubble skin friction reduction was examined in cavitation tunnel at free-stream speeds of 5, 7 and 10m/sec. A 1.5m long, 0.3m width flat plate and 2D convex model were used. In order to change streamwise pressure gradient, using temporary slopping bottom changed sectional area at the test section.The effect of skin friction reduction under favorable pressure gradients tended to rather reduce compared with the zero pressure gradient case. In opposition, the adverse pressure gradients tended to rather increase. Moreover, there was a condition that the skin friction reduction effect increased extremely under the adverse pressure gradient. Air bubbles under that condition looked like cloud and the void fraction of inner layer was high. There seems to be possible to find an effective microbubble method by the optimization with air bubble diameter and distribution.
Doughnutie: An efficient and low‐latency cloud data center network architecture

Data center network provides the supporting infrastructure for cloud computing. Torus interconnection network is widely employed in the cloud data center networks. However, its long network diameter and average path length (APL) are prohibitive factors for supporting the delay‐sensitive applications. With the aim of meeting latency, network capacity, fault‐tolerance, scalability, and energy‐efficiency requirements of cloud data center networks, we propose a new data center network architecture, named Doughnutie. Doughnutie is built by adding a number of flyway connections to the base Torus network to ameliorate its performance. Doughnutie does not follow a single principle for establishing all of its flyways and consequently, each part of the network can profit from all local, faraway, and neither‐local‐nor‐faraway types of connection. Doughnutie decreases both network diameter and APL, which in turn leads to higher communication efficiency and lower network latency. Moreover, an exclusively designed loop‐free load‐balanced adaptive routing algorithm, named Doughnuter, is proposed. Employing the Doughnuter routing algorithm results in more efficient utilization of all the Doughnutie network resources. Theoretical analysis and simulation results also prove the superiorities of Doughnutie in throughput, load balancing, fault tolerance, and energy‐efficiency.
Ethnocultural Empathy and Racial Colorblindness Among White Police Recruits: Do Cross-Racial Friendships Matter?

We investigated how ethnocultural empathy and colorblind racial beliefs were associated through the racial composition of close friendship groups in police recruits. In a sample of White police recruits in a midwestern training academy (N = 192), mediation analyses revealed a significant association between ethnocultural empathy and colorblind racial beliefs through Black friendships. Specifically, findings from path analyses indicated an indirect effect between earlier empathy for Black, Indigenous, People of Color and later reduced denial of institutional racism. Although both ethnocultural empathy and racial beliefs were associated with Asian American and Latinx friends, these close cross-racial friendships were not significant mediators. Limitations, directions for future research, and implications for training and intervention in police samples are discussed.
The Case for Merging The Botswana National Olympic Committee and National Sport Commission

ABSTRACT Within Botswana, there has long been a narrative that the Botswana National Sports Commission (BNSC) and the Botswana National Olympic Committee (BNOC) have been at odds. For more than two decades, both organisations have been engaged in a rivalry that has hindered sport in the country. This commentary highlights the challenges posed by this conflict and makes a case for a merger. Policy remains poorly coordinated, and many programmes are hindered due to the relationship between the BNOC and BNSC. In short, the continued separation of both organisations has ultimately led to overlap, competition, and obstruction. Though there are inherent financial and human risks associated with any merger, I argue that the current downsides outweigh the risks and that there is a strong case for the merger of Botswana’s two main sporting bodies.
Revisiting the link between trade openness and economic growth using panel methods

The link between trade openness and economic growth remains an open question due to the inconclusive findings provided by empirical studies. We argue that the primary reasons for such disagreement are the differences between previous studies regarding their methodologies, sample selection, measures of trade openness, and duration of analyses. Based on this argument, we reinvestigate the trade–growth nexus by applying newly developed methodologies on a robust sample of 82 countries for the period 1960–2019. Also, this study integrates five region-wise subsamples and use different measures of trade openness. Our econometric results corroborate the view that trade openness induces economic growth. These results emerge after employing a variety of panel methods to data, including common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) estimator and a system generalized method of moments (system-GMM) estimator, which accounts for cross-sectional dependence, structural breaks and endogeneity between trade and growth. Based on our robust results, we can safely claim that trade openness may contribute to economic growth. The findings of the study question the validity of the empirical results of previous studies which argue that trade restrictions promote economic growth.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 1,4-Bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-methyl)benzene

The title compound 1,4-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-methyl)benzene has been synthesized and its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data: C12H12N6, mono- clinic, space group P21/n, a = 4.567(2), b = 13.695(5), c = 9.376(9) ? b = 94.221(7)o, V = 584.8(4) 3, Mr = 240.28, Z = 2, Dc = 1.364 g/cm3, F(000) = 252, m(MoKa) = 0.090 mm-1, the final R = 0.0493 and wR = 0.1051 for 1254 observed reflections (I 2s(I)). The molecule has a symmetry center which locates at the center of the phenyl ring. The dihedral angle between the planes of triazole and phenyl rings is 77.81(9)o.
Properties and Applications of Flexible Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)-Based Piezoelectric Materials

Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is a kind of semicrystalline organic polymer piezoelectric material. Adopting processes such as melting crystallization and solution casting, and undergoing post-treatment processes such as annealing, stretching, and polarization, PVDF films with high crystallinity and high piezoelectric response level can be realized. As a polymer material, PVDF shows excellent mechanical properties, chemical stability and biocompatibility, and is light in weight, easily prepared, which can be designed into miniaturized, chip-shaped and integrated devices. It has a wide range of applications in self-powered equipment such as sensors, nanogenerators and currently is a research hotspot for use as flexible wearable or implantable materials. This article mainly introduces the crystal structures, piezoelectric properties and their applications in flexible piezoelectric devices of PVDF materials.
Molecular Diversity Analysis in Boro Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Landraces using SSR Markers

Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the genetic diversity of twenty four Boro rice landraces using rice genome specific twelve well known SSR markers. Study Design: Genomic DNA extraction, PCR amplification, Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and data analysis-these steps were followed to perform the research work. Data was analysed with the help of following software; POWERMAKER version 3.25, AlphaEaseFC (Alpha Innotech Corporation) version 4.0. UPGMA dendrogram was constructed using MEGA 5.1 software. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Genetic Resources and Seed Division (GRSD), Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh during the period of November 2017 to March 2018. Methodology: Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were used to assay 24 landraces of Boro rice collected from the Gene Bank of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI). Results: A total fifty four (54) alleles were detected, out of which forty five (45) polymorphic alleles were identified. The Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) of SSR markers ranged from 0.08 Original Research Article Vabna et al.; AJOB, 12(1): 36-48, 2021; Article no.AJOB. 68893 37 (RM447) to 0.84 (RM206) with an average value of PIC = 0.49. Gene diversity ranges from 0.08 (RM447) to 0.86 (RM206) with an average value of 0.52. The RM206 marker can be considered as the best marker among the studied markers for 24 rice landraces. Dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic distance using Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) indicated the segregation of 24 genotypes into three main clusters. Conclusion: The result revealed that SSR markers are very effective tools in the study of genetic diversity and genetic relationships and this result can be conveniently used for further molecular diversity analysis of rice genotypes to identify diverse parent for the development of high yielding variety in rice.
A Study on the Relationship Between Rheological Properties of Wheat Flour, Gluten Structure, and Dumpling Wrapper Quality

Fifty different kinds of wheat from 10 provinces in China were chosen as samples to be milled into flour. Dumpling wrappers were made from the flour and their texture qualities and rheological properties, disulfide content, sulfhydryl content, and gluten secondary structure were determined. The web structure formed by the gluten was observed under scanning electron microscopy. These results showed that the flour’s rheological properties, apart from extensibility, were significantly correlated with several aspects of the texture of the dumpling wrapper, and the degree of softening showed negative correlations, most closely with the texture quality of the dumpling wrapper. Disulfide played an important role in forming the gluten web, its content showing significant correlations with the rheological properties of the flour and the texture quality of the dumpling wrapper. The disulfide content in gluten was positively correlated with the hardness and quality of the cooked product; the sulfhydryl content showed no significant correlations with the rheological properties of the flour and the texture of the dumpling wrapper. The gluten secondary structure showed some correlation with the rheological properties of the dough, but little with the texture quality of the dumpling wrapper. Under observation by scanning electron microscopy, the weak structure was loose with large interspaces, while the strong structure was compact with few interspaces.
Health utilities for non‐melanoma skin cancers and pre‐cancerous lesions: A systematic review

Abstract Background Non‐melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are common and consume many healthcare resources. A health utility is a single preference‐based value for assessing health‐related quality of life, which can be used in economic evaluations. There are scarce data on health utilities for NMSCs. Objectives Using a systematic review approach, we synthesized the current data on NMSC‐related health utilities. Methods A systematic review of studies of NMSC‐related health utilities was conducted in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Data were extracted based on the protocol and a quality assessment was performed for each study. Results The protocol resulted in 16 studies, involving 121 621 participants. Mean utility values across the studies ranged from 0.56 to 1 for undifferentiated NMSC, 0.84 to 1 for actinic keratosis, 0.45 to 1 for squamous cell carcinoma, and 0.67 to 1 for basal cell carcinoma. There was considerable variability in utilities by type of cancer, stage of diagnosis, time to treatment, treatment modality, and quality of life instrument or method. Utility values were predominantly based on the EuroQol 5‐dimension instrument and ranged from 0.45 to 0.96, while other measurement methods produced values ranging from 0.67 to 1. Lower utility values were observed for advanced cancers and for the time period during and immediately after treatment, after which values gradually returned to pre‐treatment levels. Conclusions Most utility values clustered around relatively high values of 0.8 to 1, suggesting small decrements in quality of life associated with most NMSCs and their precursors. Variability in utilities indicates that careful characterization is required for measures to be used in economic evaluations.
Why does Shariah governance framework important for Islamic banks?

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the question “Why is Shariah Governance Framework (SGF) important for Islamic banks? ” Design/methodology/approach A semi-structured face-to-face personal interview is used to accomplish the research objectives. This study has collected data from the concerned bodies related to Shariah Governance (SG) from the central bank and Islamic banks of Bangladesh. Findings This study states SG as a process of confirming Shariah compliance in the overall functions of the Islamic banks, while Shariah denotes some rules, regulations, guidelines, objectives and directions to enhance accurate functions and activities, which are solely based on Shariah principles. SGF is important for Islamic banks to implement Shariah principles, confirm Shariah compliance and monitor the functions of the banks. Besides, it is needed for a well, efficient, effective, profitable business and higher performance and, finally, to eliminate the confusion among the management, executives, conventional bankers and banks. Research limitations/implications This study significantly contributes to the national and global regulatory bodies by providing evidence that why do Islamic banks and financial institutions require a sound SGF. It is recommended that there should be a sound and robust SGF to protect and fulfill the interest, expectations and demands of different stakeholders, which can easily draw their attention, intention and interest. Originality/value This is the first research that extends the literature of Islamic banking and SG by highlighting the importance of SGF. This study claims that to be a complete Islamic bank as well as protecting the unique identity from the general banks and corporate governance system, SG manual is required.
Nest sanitation behavior does not increase the likelihood of parasitic egg rejection in herring gulls

Abstract Birds’ behavioral response to brood parasitism can be influenced not only by evolution but also by context and individual experience. This could include nest sanitation, in which birds remove debris from their nests. Ultimately, nest sanitation behavior might be an evolutionary precursor to the rejection of parasitic eggs. Proximately, the context or experience of performing nest sanitation behavior might increase the detection or prime the removal of parasitic eggs, but evidence to date is limited. We tested incubation-stage nests of herring gulls Larus argentatus to ask whether nest sanitation increased parasitic egg rejection. In an initial set of 160 single-object experiments, small, red, blocky objects were usually rejected (18 of 20 nests), whereas life-sized, 3D-printed herring gull eggs were not rejected whether red (0 of 20) or the olive-tan base color of herring gull eggs (0 of 20). Next, we simultaneously presented a red, 3D-printed gull egg and a small, red block. These nests exhibited frequent nest sanitation (small, red block removed at 40 of 48 nests), but egg rejection remained uncommon (5 of those 40) and not significantly different from control nests (5 of 49) which received the parasitic egg but not the priming object. Thus, performance of nest sanitation did not shape individuals’ responses to parasitism. Interestingly, parents were more likely to reject the parasitic egg when they were present as we approached the nest to add the experimental objects. Depending on the underlying mechanism, this could also be a case of experience creating variation in responses to parasitism.
A validation study of the Slovak version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (with Slovak nurses)

Aim: To verify the psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture instrument in the Slovak Republic. Design: A cross-sectional validation study. Methods: The study was conducted according to the STROBE checklist. Data were collected using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS) between December 2017 and July 2018. Registered nurses (n = 1,427) from 21 hospitals across Slovakia were included in the study. Construct validity and reliability of the instrument were tested using SPSS 25.0. Results: Results of the Principal Component Analysis did not replicate the dimensionality or the factor structure of the original U.S. version of the instrument. Resulting from the factor analysis, an eight-factor structure was indicated. We identified two new factors in the HSOPS, namely: “Perception of patient safety, staffing-adequacy and staffing-blaming” and “Management strategy / Safety planning”. Some factors of the original version were combined into one, while others were excluded. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the instrument was 0.88, ranging from 0.42 to 0.86 for particular subscales. Conclusion: Psychometric testing of the HSOPS in the Slovak sociocultural context indicated acceptable reliability and construct validity of the tool. It is, therefore, considered promising as an instrument for measuring nurses’ perception of patient safety culture.
The Role of Secondary Flows and Separation in Convective Heat Transfer in a Rotating Radial Vane Brake Disc

This study presents, for the first time, distributions of local internal temperature and convective heat transfer in a rotating radial vane brake disc and explains mechanisms in conjunction with secondary flows and flow separation within its ventilated coolant passages. In particular, variations of radial, circumferential (vane-to-vane) and axial (inboard-to-outboard) heat transfer on internal end-wall surfaces, and their alteration due to varying number of radial vanes and rotating speed are experimentally detailed. It has been demonstrated that conventional ventilated radial brake discs where the air inflow is drawn from the inboard face are likely to suffer substantial axial variations of temperature and heat transfer between the inboard and outboard discs, which possibly exacerbates thermal distortion (i.e., coning). Further, for a typical number of vanes (i.e., 36 vanes) used on automobiles, internal thermal distributions are highly non-uniform. However, the thermal end-wall uniformity improves considerably as the number of vanes is increased to say 72 vanes. Specifically, as the number of vanes is increased, secondary flow mixing enhances overall convective heat transfer and improves thermal uniformity. In contrast, separation causes large end-wall thermal non-uniformities in radial and circumferential distributions between the pressure side and the suction side of radial vanes. This effect nonetheless also decreases as the number of vanes is increased.
Draw Your Story: Exploring adaptation experiences of first-year students at the Institute of Teacher Education Malaysia

The transition from school to the institute of higher learning is a challenging phase that requires students to adapt to new environments and cultures. This study aims to explore the experiences of first-year students at the Institute of Teacher Education by using storytelling through drawing. This study involved 18 students pursuing the Bachelor of Education Preparatory Programme at the Institute of Teacher Education in Malaysia. Storytelling through drawing results was analysed using thematic analysis. Findings showed that the first-year students at the Institute of Teacher Education have difficulties adapting in four main themes; academic, social, personal and interest. The findings of this study are expected to contribute towards the formation and development of appropriate interventions to assist the well-being of first-year students at the Institute of Teacher Education, Malaysia, in adapting to the new environment.