Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calcium‐channel gating in frog skeletal muscle membrane: effect of temperature.

Voltage‐clamp experiments using the three micro‐electrode method were performed to study the temperature dependence of the calcium current ICa in intact twitch skeletal muscle fibres of the frog. Contraction was blocked by recording in hypertonic sucrose solutions. For depolarizations smaller than 0 mV the decay of the transient, slow, inward current, recorded in the presence of external tetraethylammonium (TEA+) and by replacing Cl‐ for CH3SO3‐, followed a complex time course. For larger depolarizations, after the initial inward current, there was a prominent, slow, outward current which showed two phases: after reaching a peak (time to peak 1.0 sec, peak amplitude 20‐50 microA/cm2 at 20 mV) it slowly declined to a steady level in about 2‐3 sec at 23 degrees C. The inward current was greatly reduced or abolished by the adding of 2 mM‐Cd2+ or by replacing external Ca2+ with Mg2+. The amplitude and time course of slow, outward currents were not obviously modified by replacing Ca2+ with Mg2+, having the two described phases. However, in the presence of Cd2+ the first transient phase of the outward current was not detected and only outward currents slowly increasing to a steady level were observed. Reliable ICa records were obtained by further blocking K+ outward currents by incubating the muscles in a K+‐free TEA+‐ and Cs+‐containing solution prior to experiments. Tubular space clamp was improved by recording ICa from small fibres with 20‐30 microns radius. The decay phase of ICa under a maintained depolarization in incubated muscles was fitted by a single exponential. The corresponding rate constant determined between 12 and 24 degrees C strongly depended on temperature, as expected for a gating process. The values for the activation energy and the corresponding Q10 (calculated for a 10‐20 degrees C transition) were respectively: 17.5 +/‐ 1.0 kcal/mole and 2.9 +/‐ 0.2 at 0 mV, and 18.0 +/‐ 1.5 kcal/mole and 3.0 +/‐ 0.3 at ‐20 mV. The activation phase of ICa, analysed following the m alpha h Hodgkin‐Huxley kinetic model, showed a similar temperature dependence with a Q10 of 3.0 +/‐ 0.3. The peak amplitude of ICa and the limiting Ca2+ permeability had a lower Q10 value of about 1.6. For a given temperature the rate constant of decay was independent of ICa peak amplitude in disagreement with a current‐dependent process (intratubular Ca2+ depletion or intracellular Ca2+ accumulation) for the decay of ICa. In conclusion, our results favour a gating process (inactivation) as the principal mechanism underlying the decay phase of ICa under a maintained depolarization.
Analytical and Experimental Investigations on Ultrawideband Pulse Width and Shape Effect on the Accuracy of 3-D Localization

This letter presents analytical and experimental investigation of three-dimensional indoor localization accuracy using different subbands of the Ultrawideband (UWB) spectrum. Combined effect of ranging errors of each base station (due to change in pulse width, bandwidth, and UWB source pulse) on 3-D localization using a compact tapered slot antenna is studied. Higher-order Gaussian derivative source pulses (3rd and 7th) are compared to first-order Gaussian derivative theoretically and analyzed in terms of the fidelity of the UWB source pulses; localization accuracy and Cramér-Rao lower bounds have also been calculated to validate the experimental findings. It is observed that 5-GHz bandwidth gives sufficiently high localization accuracy results with an average error of 2-3 cm. Results related to the different UWB source pulse show that the third-order Gaussian derivative signal can be used to enhance (30% increase) the localization accuracy and also preserve a good tradeoff between accuracy and complexity of the UWB system.
Evidence for the Elevation to Family Status of the Angelfishes (Pomacanthidae), Previously Considered to be a Subfamily of the Butterflyfish Family, Chaetodontidae

MOST AUTHORS have classified the butterflyfishes and angelfishes as two subfamilies Chaetodontinae and Pomacanthinae, of th~ family Chaetodontidae (Woods and Schultz in Schultz et a11953, Greenwood et al 1966 and Bohlke and Chaplin 1968). Ahl (1923): Weber and de Beaufort (1936), and Marshall (1964) included subfamilies, as Scatophaginae, Drepaninae, etc., within the Chaetodontidae along with Chaetodontinae and . Pomacanthinae, which are presently consIdered as families. Smith (1953, 1955) and Munro (1955, 1967) preferred to use family Chaetodontidae and family Pomacanthidae. None of the above authors gave sufficient supporting evidence to justify their use of a particular classification. Fraser-Brunner (1945) recognized some of the distinguishing characteristics of the angelfishes (frontal bones forming a concavity between the orbits, the presence of a strong spine at the angle of the preoperculum, the absence of the pelvic axillary process, the distal portions of the ribs nor~ally formed, and a forward ventral expansIOn of the first interhaemal bone) but continued to use subfamily Pomacanthinae and subfamily Chaetodontinae. A few workers dealing with certain aspects of the anatomy of fishes have mentioned particular differences between the two groups. Some of them, such as Cockerell (1915, 1916) and Freihofer (1963), were of the opinion that the differences might be enough to warrant full family distinction. On the basis of the following anatomical and life history differences the two sub-
Past, Present, and Future of 3D Software Visualization - A Systematic Literature Analysis

The ongoing 2D vs. 3D research debate from information visualization also affects software visualization. There are many 2D, 3D, and combinations of 2D and 3D visualizations for software representing its structure, behavior, or evolution. This study contributes findings to this debate and presents the results of analyzing the applications of 3D in software visualization with the objectives to outline the state-of-the-art, to reveal trends, and to identify research gaps. The analysis combined a systematic mapping study to get an overview and a systematic literature review to gain deeper insights. The relevant papers were identified by three different search strategies (manual browsing, keyword, and backward search). Starting with a set of 4386 publications from the fields of information and software visualization 155 relevant papers dealing with 2D & 3D or 3D software visualizations were identified. These papers were analyzed according to dimensionality, aspect, year, evaluation method, and application of the third dimension. In a nutshell, the majority of 3D software visualizations represents the structural aspect, is either evaluated using case studies showing working examples or not evaluated at all, and applies a 2D layout using the third dimension for displaying software metrics.
Operation of power-based BOCDR: Measurement sensitivity influenced by spatial resolution

Very recently, for higher-speed distributed measurements of strain and temperature, we have developed a new configuration of Brillouin optical correlation-domain reflectometry (BOCDR) — slope-assisted (SA-) BOCDR —, which utilizes the spectral power of Brillouin gain spectrum. Its basic operation has already been clarified and further studies are being carried out extensively. However, a detailed study on the measurement sensitivity has not been performed yet. Hence, in this work, we experimentally investigate how the spatial resolution and the incident power affect the measurement sensitivity of SA-BOCDR.
Research on the aquaculture multi-parameter monitoring system

This paper introduces an aquaculture multi-parameter monitoring system. The hardware structure of the system is introduced, the software design of the system is described in detail and the flow charts of the key functions are presented. By using the Profibus-DP field bus, more monitoring stations are joined together to constitute a distributed monitoring and controlling network, which has functions like accurate signal collecting? real-time signal analyzing and processing and automatic alarm. The system can not only improve the accuracy and stability of parameter monitoring, but also enlarge the monitoring range, convenient the water environment monitoring and managing, reduce the cost of equipment and production. It can apply to the large aquaculture enterprises.
Marrying knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) with technology intelligence (TI) - avenue to paradise or blind alley?

As a consequence of the increasing complexity and dynamics of the environment in which companies operate, technology intelligence systems (TISs) - aiming primarily at the early discovery of new technologies with strategic relevance - have recently begun to gain importance. Two generic approaches an information technology-driven and a human resource-driven approach - have been suggested for the construction of such systems. The recent developments in knowledge discovery in databases (KDD), with respect to text mining, offer the possibility to integrate the various approaches available under a common architecture. Based on discussions of KDD and TI, the KDD-bused technology intelligence system KDD/TIS is presented and evaluated. It integrates information technology and human resource-driven approaches and encompasses techniques for mining quantitative, structured, as well as qualitative semi-and unstructured data. It addresses all relevant environmental dimensions and is designed as an open system. Based on the evaluation of KDD/TIS, future research requirements are identified.
Balancing Load of Cloud Data Center using Efficient Task Scheduling Algorithm

Cloud computing is one of the most popular terms of today’s computer world. The pay-as-you-use model of cloud permits users to pay only according to their requirement. The enormous increase in popularity of cloud is due to its ubiquitous use through common hardware only. So it must provide high performance gain to the user and at the same time must be beneficial for the Cloud Service Provider (CSP). To achieve this goal many challenges have to be faced. Load balancing is one of them. To distribute the load evenly in cloud the resources and workloads must be scheduled efficiently. A variety of scheduling algorithms are used by load balancers to determine which backend server to send a request to. The selected server allocates resources and schedules the job dynamically on some virtual machine (VM) located on the same physical machine. In this paper, we have proposed a task scheduling algorithm which will distribute the task among all the available virtual machines in a way such that none of them become overloaded. Further we have simulated our algorithm in CloudAnalyst and compared it with the existing load balancing algorithms. Results show that the proposed method not only balances the load more efficiently but also improves the response time.
The relationship between theory of mind and relational frame theory : convergence of perspective-taking measures

Objective: Perspective-taking difficulties have been demonstrated in autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, among other clinical presentations, and are traditionally examined from a Theory of Mind (ToM) point of view. Relational Frame Theory (RFT) offers a behavioural and contextual interpretation of perspective-taking, proposing that this ability can be studied in more detail by examining specific perspective-taking relations. To implement relational perspective-taking measures in clinical practice, it is important to gain more knowledge about how these relate to traditional measures of perspective-taking. Method: The current study is focused on the relation between the Barnes-Holmes relational perspective-taking protocol and both the Faux-pas and the Strange Stories tests, in a sample of healthy controls and individuals with an anxiety disorder or psychotic disorder. The work expands upon earlier research in this field. Results: Our results showed that, across the whole sample, the Barnes-Holmes protocol was positively correlated with both the Faux-pas and the Strange Stories tests. Furthermore, the Barnes-Holmes protocol was found to predict ToM performance. Correlations between the Strange Stories test and the Barnes-Holmes protocol were non-significant when we corrected for intelligence. Conclusions: The evidence suggests that relational perspective-taking is strongly related to ToM performances. Results are compared to other RFT studies and implications for clinical practice are discussed.
EMG-based vibro-tactile biofeedback improves motor control in children with secondary dystonia: two case reports

To tackle the limits of the literature investigating biofeedback training in children with secondary dystonia, the current study employs a wearable and silent EMG-based biofeedback device that aims at improving control over the impaired muscle by providing the patient with a vibration proportional to muscle activation. The device is tested on two children with secondary dystonia due to dyskinetic cerebral palsy in a 5-day training protocol during the execution of a figure-eight writing task. Data are compared with 5-day training with no intervention. Results show a positive effect of EMG-based biofeedback on the writing outcome. Indeed, for both subjects, the accuracy error of the figure-eight trace decreases with biofeedback training, while it does not present any significant change when children practice without the device. The promising results, together with the potential long-term use of the EMG-based vibrotactile biofeedback device, address the scarcity of noninvasive therapeutic interventions in the rehabilitation of childhood dystonia.
LIMSI Submission for WMT’17 Shared Task on Bandit Learning

This paper describes LIMSI participation to the WMT’17 shared task on Bandit Learning. The method we propose to adapt a seed system trained on out-domain data to a new, unknown domain relies on two components. First, we use a linear regression model to exploit the weak and partial feedback the system receives by learning to predict the reward a translation hypothesis will get. This model can then be used to score hypotheses in the search space and translate source sentences while taking into account the speciﬁcities of the in-domain data. Second, we use the UCB1 algorithm to choose which of the ‘adapted’ or ‘seed’ system must be used to translate a given source sentence in order to maximize the cumulative reward. Results on the development and train sets show that the proposed method does not succeed in improving the seed system. We explore several hypotheses to explain this negative result.
Identification of the ligand‐binding domain of the surface‐located fibrinogen receptor (clumping factor) of Staphylococcus aureus

The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to bind to fibrinogen and fibrin is believed to be an important factor in the initiation of foreign‐body and wound Infections. Recently, we reported the cloning and sequencing of the gene clfA encoding the fibrinogen receptor (clumping factor, ClfA) of S. aureus strain Newman and showed that the gene product was responsible for the clumping of bacteria in soluble fibrinogen and for the adherence of bacteria to solid‐phase fibrinogen. This was confirmed here by showing that antibodies raised against purified Region A inhibited both of these properties. Also, immunofluorescent microscopic analysis of wild‐type Newman and a clfA::Tn917 mutant of Newman with anti‐ClfA Region A sera confirmed that Region A is exposed on the bacterial cell surface. Furthermore, polystyrene beads coated with the Region A protein formed clumps in soluble fibrinogen showing that the ClfA protein alone is sufficient for the clumping phenotype. Western immunoblotting with anti‐ClfA Region A antibodies identified the native ClfA receptor as a 185 kDa protein that was released from the cell wall of S. aureus by lysostaphin treatment. A single extensive ligand‐binding site was located within Region A of the ClfA protein. Truncated ClfA proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli. Lysates of E. coli and proteins that had been purified by affinity chromatography were tested for (i) their ability to bind fibrinogen in Western ligand blotting experiments, (ii) for their ability to inhibit clumping of bacteria in fibrinogen solution and adherence of bacteria to solid‐phase fibrinogen, and (iii) for their ability to neutralize the blocking activity of anti‐ClfA Region A antibody. These tests allowed the ligand‐binding domain to be localized to a 218‐residue segment (residues 332‐550) within Region A.
Modelling and detection of failure in medical electrodes

In this paper we have studied the failures in medical electrodes such as electroencephalogram electrodes (EEG) being used for collecting brain signals. As those electrodes have to guarantee high level of reliability it is important to explore and predict the possible occurrence of failures in there structure. The electrode tip (needle) made of stainless steel is covered with thin oxide film acting as a dielectric and determing the total electrode resistance. In fact, studying the fluctuations of that resistance gives the insight into defects of the whole structure. The electrical properties of the oxide layer are characterized by charge hopping mechanism and the total resistance could be modeled by implementing random resistance network (RRN) methodology. The applied computational algorithm is based on Monte Carlo simulation procedure with direct and iteration methods. The obtained simulation results show non-gaussian Bramwell-Holdsworth-Pinton (BHP) distribution of the total resistance fluctuations, and they verified by the experiments.
Enzymatic synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. VII. Synthesis of a polymer of deoxyadenylate and deoxythymidylate.

VII. The deoxyribonucleic acid-synthesizing enzyme (polymerase) purified from Escherichiu coli catalyzes the extensive formation of deoxyribonucleic acid when the triphosphates of the four de-oxyribonucleosides commonly found in deoxyribonucleic acid are incubated with primer deoxyribonucleic acid (1). In the absence of one, two, or three of the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, a very slight reaction occurs which represents the addition of only one or a few deoxyribonucleotide residues to the deoxyribonucleoside end of a deoxyribonucleic acid primer molecule (2). Both reactions occur without lag and both are detectable only in the presence of added deoxyribonucleic acid. This report describes a polymerization reaction in the absence of primer deoxyribonucleic acid catalyzed by the same enzyme preparation. When the four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates are incubated with the enzyme but without any added deoxyribonucleic acid, a long lag period with no detectable reaction is observed, after which
Health-Related Fitness Test Battery for Middle-Aged Adults: Associations with Physical Activity Patterns

To evaluate the validity of a health-related fitness (HRFI) test battery with respect to physical activity (PA), we studied how PA patterns of adults are related to different components of HRFI with special interest in musculoskeletal and motor fitness. Subjects (n = 498) were middle-aged (37-57 years) men and women, evenly selected from five age cohorts of a representative population sample. PA was assessed with a questionnaire and classified into three PA groups. Fitness assessment included 9 simple field tests. The odds ratio of low fitness (least fit 40 %) of the measured dimension of HRFI for three PA groups with reference to inactive group were analysed. All PA groups were strongly related to Walk Test results in both genders, and to BMI in women. Muscular type exercise was associated with modified push-ups strength and static back extension endurance in both genders, and with one-leg standing balance in women. One-leg squat for leg strength, jump-and-reach for leg power, trunk side-bending flexibility and hamstring muscle extensibility tests were not associated with PA. Five of the nine fitness tests demonstrated plausible associations with PA patterns among adults suggesting activity-related validity. An exercise intervention study is needed to evaluate the sensitivity of the tests to fitness changes.
Structured Semi-supervised Discriminant Analysis

Classical Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA) is an effective dimensionality reduction method which preserve class separabiliy by maximizing the between class covariance and simultaneously minimizing the within class covariance. But, the covariance matrix of each class may not be accurately estimated when the given training samples is not sufficient. To overcome this disadvantage of LDA, a novel Semi-supervised Discriminant Analysis(SDA) was introduced, which can effectively utilize the labeled and unlabeled samples. However, SDA still can not fully use the structure information hidden in data, since the samples in a class may be scattered in several regions. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce a novel approach, called Structured Semi-supervised Discriminant Analysis(SSDA), which exploits the data structures hidden in samples in a class via semi-supervised clustering methods and uses them as “different classes” in calculating the between class covariance, hence it is an extension and improvement of SDA. Experiments on 2 artificial datasets and 8 real-life dataset show the effectiveness of our algorithm.
Association of cartilage defects with loss of knee cartilage in healthy, middle-age adults: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVE The significance of asymptomatic knee cartilage defects in healthy individuals is not known. The aim of this study was to examine the association between cartilage defects in the knee and cartilage volume both cross-sectionally and longitudinally in healthy, middle-age adults. METHODS Eighty-six healthy men and women (mean +/- SD age 53.8 +/- 8.8 years) underwent T1-weighted fat-suppressed magnetic resonance imaging of their dominant knees at baseline and at the 2-year followup visit. Knee cartilage volume was measured. Cartilage defects were scored according to a grading system (0-4) and as present (a defect score of > or = 2) or absent in the medial and lateral tibiofemoral compartments. RESULTS Cartilage defects in the medial and lateral tibiofemoral compartments were very common (in 61% and 43% of subjects, respectively). Those with cartilage defects had a 25% reduction in medial tibial cartilage volume, a 15% reduction in lateral tibial cartilage volume, and a 19% reduction in total femoral cartilage volume relative to those with no cartilage defects in cross-sectional analyses (all P < 0.05). In the medial tibiofemoral compartment, the annual loss of tibial cartilage in those with cartilage defects was 2.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.2%, 3.1%) compared with an annual loss of tibial cartilage of 1.3% (95% CI 0.5%, 2.0%) in those with no defects (P = 0.028), independent of other known risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA). CONCLUSION These data suggest that the presence of asymptomatic, non-full-thickness medial tibiofemoral cartilage defects identifies healthy individuals most likely to lose knee cartilage in the absence of radiographic knee OA. Thus, interventions aimed at reducing or reversing cartilage defects may reduce the risk of subsequent knee OA.