Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Impact of Cyanuric Acid on Bather’s Risk of Gastrointestinal Illness at Swimming Pools

Current regulatory codes for swimming pool disinfection separately regulate free chlorine (FC) and cyanuric acid (CYA). It is well-known that CYA affects disinfection rates by reversibly binding to FC in aqueous solutions. However, limits for these regulated parameters have neither systematically accounted for this chemistry nor been based on the risk of gastrointestinal illness. This study was intended to determine the minimum concentration of FC relative to CYA based on the risk of gastrointestinal illness from normal fecal sloughing of selected pathogens and to find a simple regulatory rule for jointly managing FC and CYA for consistent disinfection. Literature data on CYA’s effect on microbial inactivation rates were reanalyzed based on the equilibria governing hypochlorous acid (HOCl) concentration. A model was developed that considers the rates of pathogen introduction into pool water, disinfection, turbulent diffusive transport, and pathogen uptake by swimmers to calculate the associated risk of illness. Model results were compared to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) untreated recreational water acceptable gastrointestinal illness risk. For Cryptosporidium, correlation between log inactivation and Chick–Watson Ct was far better when C refers to HOCl concentration than to FC (r = −0.96 vs. −0.06). The HOCl concentration had a small variation (± 1.8%) at a constant CYA/FC ratio for typical FC and CYA ranges in swimming pools. In 27 U.S. states, the allowed FC and CYA results in HOCl concentrations spanning more than a factor of 500. Using conservative values for a high bather load pool with 2 mg/L FC and 90 mg/L CYA, the model predicted a 0.071 annual probability of infection for Giardia, exceeding the EPA regulatory 0.036 limit for untreated recreational waters. FC and CYA concentrations in swimming pools should be jointly regulated as a ratio. We recommend a maximum CYA/FC ratio of 20.
Pan-Antarctic map of near-surface permafrost temperatures at 1 km2 scale

Abstract. Permafrost is present within almost all of the Antarctic's ice-free areas, but little is known about spatial variations in permafrost temperatures except for a few areas with established ground temperature measurements. We modelled a temperature at the top of the permafrost (TTOP) for all the ice-free areas of the Antarctic mainland and Antarctic islands at 1 km2 resolution during 2000–2017. The model was driven by remotely sensed land surface temperatures and downscaled ERA-Interim climate reanalysis data, and subgrid permafrost variability was simulated by variable snow cover. The results were validated against in situ-measured ground temperatures from 40 permafrost boreholes, and the resulting root-mean-square error was 1.9 ∘C. The lowest near-surface permafrost temperature of −36 ∘C was modelled at Mount Markham in the Queen Elizabeth Range in the Transantarctic Mountains. This is the lowest permafrost temperature on Earth, according to global-scale modelling results. The temperatures were most commonly modelled between −23 and −18 ∘C for mountainous areas rising above the Antarctic Ice Sheet and between −14 and −8 ∘C for coastal areas. The model performance was good where snow conditions were modelled realistically, but errors of up to 4 ∘C occurred at sites with strong wind-driven redistribution of snow.
Bayesian Hierarchical Models To Detect Quantitative Trait Loci

of new high-yielding genotyp es of wh eat and rice allowe d the increase from 14 million tons of food produced worldwide in 1950 to 144 million tons in 1980 . Understanding and m anipulatin g genotype -phenotype relations hips is cri t ical to feedi ng our increasing population, acco rding to \V. P. Davies , au thor of the N utrition Reviews article "An Historica l Perspect ive from th e G ree n Revolution to th e Gene Revolution. " Better medical science and inc rease d agricu ltural efFi ciency are just two examples of th e ben efits of mapping a ee
Data warehouse based analysis on CDR to retain and acquire customers by targeted marketing

Retaining an existing customer than acquiring a new one is less expensive in terms of marketing cost, bonus, and incentives offered etc. Telecommunication industry across the globe is stiff competitive environment where market is almost saturated and main focus of customer service becomes retaining existing customers and snatching others' customers to increase market share as well as profit. At the same time telecom industry facing the problem of churn or attrition more than anything especially for prepaid customers as the customers could switch the service providers easily. Telecom operators generate huge volume of call detail records every day for every call, SMS or internet access made by its customers. Telecom operators use these huge operational data for business processing to understand customer behavior. In this paper a mechanism is developed to store CDR data in a suitable Data Warehouse (DW) schema and analytically process these using OLAP tools to understand the prepaid customers usage, spending and propensity to marketing offers. Depending on the usage pattern proper segmentation of the customers has been done and they have been categorized for different types of targeted marketing offers and benefits to retain as well as acquire new customers.
Structural Methods In Molecular Inorganic Chemistry

Thank you very much for downloading structural methods in molecular inorganic chemistry. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen readings like this structural methods in molecular inorganic chemistry, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer.
Investigating processes of glacial erosion and cirque formation by numerical modeling and field observations in the Southern Sierra Nevada, California

Sabrina Marie Belknap Investigating Processes of Glacial Erosion and Cirque Formation by Numerical Modeling and Field Observations in the Southern Sierra Nevada, California (Under the direction of Michael Oskin) Existing rules for erosion by glaciers are inconsistent with observations of significant cirque retreat. To better understand the processes of cirque formation and expansion, two separate studies were commenced: a field study and a numerical model. These studies were designed to test the hypothesis that cirques ultimately form from fluctuating levels of glacial occupation. Morphometric characteristics of four cirques indicate that cirque expansion may result from growth of a riegel from bedrock shoulders. Variable ice flow directions determined from striae data in three of the cirques correlate with areas of greater ice thickness. Numerical modeling efforts show that overdeepenings may form from ice flow through existing constrictions, but only when a threshold quarrying rule is used. They also highlight the importance of the relative efficacy of abrasion and quarrying when modeling and indicate that quarrying is a more efficient process than abrasion.
Watermarking identification for private and public users: the broadcast channel approach

In this work we study the problem of identification via the degraded broadcast channel with random parameters. Inner and outer bounds are derived on the identification capacity region when the random parameters are known non-causally to the encoder and to the non-degraded decoder. Applications to watermarking are suggested. In particular, this model describes the situation when watermarks are supposed to be identified by both private and public users.
A Characterization of Structures across the Hurricane Ridge Fault in the Southeastern Olympic Peninsula, WA, Hamma Hamma River Transect

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact pdxscholar@pdx.edu. Recommended Citation Biesiada, Veronica Catherine, "A Characterization of Structures Across the Hurricane Ridge Fault in the Southeastern Olympic Peninsula, WA, Hamma Hamma River Transect" (2019). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 4883.
Análise do Índice de Qualidade do Gasto Público nos Municípios de Santa Catarina

Analisar a qualidade do gasto publico nos municipios de Santa Catarina foi o objetivo do presente estudo. Tal analise foi empreendida a partir do Indice de Qualidade do Gasto Publico, que e resultado da relacao de outros dois indices: o Indice de Bem-Estar e o Indice de Insumo. O Indice de Bem-Estar foi coletado a partir dos Indicadores de Desenvolvimento Municipal Sustentavel – IDMS 2018, instrumento da Federacao Catarinense de Municipios. O Indice de Insumo foi elaborado pela padronizacao das despesas realizadas pelos municipios no ano de 2017. Os municipios foram divididos por porte populacional, segundo a classificacao do IBGE. Os resultados indicam que os municipios de menor porte, com menos de 5 mil habitantes, tem menor qualidade de gasto publico comparado aos demais. Entretanto, ha uma expressiva variância de qualidade do gasto nas analises das funcoes, inclusive dentro do mesmo agrupamento por porte populacional. Isto demonstra que existem gastos eficientes que podem servir de referencia para aqueles que foram ineficientes. Palavras-chave: Qualidade. Gasto publico. Municipios. ABSTRACT Analyzing the quality of public spending in the municipalities of Santa Catarina was the objective of the present study. This analysis was undertaken based on the Public Expenditure Quality Index, which is the result of the relationship of two other indices: the Welfare Index and the Input Index. The Welfare Index was collected from the indicators of Sustainable Municipal Development - IDMS 2018, an instrument of the Catarinense Federation of Municipalities. The Input Index was elaborated by the standardization of the expenses realized by the municipalities in the year 2017. The municipalities were divided by population size, according to the IBGE classification. The results indicate that the smaller municipalities, with less than 5 thousand inhabitants, have a lower quality of public expenditure compared to the others. However, there is an expressive variance of quality of expenditure in the analyzes of the functions, even within the same grouping by population size. This demonstrates that there are efficient expenditures that can serve as a benchmark for those who have been inefficient. Keywords : Quality. Public spending. Municipalities.
The genus Syrrhoe (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Synopiidae) from the North Atlantic

Three species of the amphipod genusSyrrhoeare described from the North Atlantic. The differences between these species are primarily the patterns of serration of the posterior margins of pleonite 3 and urosomite 1 and 2:Syrrhoeaffinishas a wide convex space on the posterior margin between the epimeron 3 and the dorsal serration. InSyrrhoecrenulataandSyrrhoeanneheleneaesp. nov.there is only a small notch on the posterior margin of pleonite 3.Syrrhoeanneheleneaesp. nov., otherwise similar toS.crenulata, has an additional serration on the posterior margin of urosomite 1. The inter- and intraspecific distances analyzed from COI confirm the morphological species concept of North AtlanticSyrrhoe.
Employing directive based compression solutions on accelerators global memory under OpenACC

Supervisory Committee Dr. Amirali Baniasadi , Supervisor (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering) Dr. Kin Fun Li, Departmental Member (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering) Programmers invest extensive development effort to optimize a GPU program to achieve peak performance. Achieving this requires an efficient usage of global memory, and avoiding memory bandwidth underutilization. The OpenACC programming model has been introduced to tackle the accelerators programming complexity. However, this models coarse-grained control on a program can make the memory bandwidth utilization even worse compared to the version written in a native GPU languages such as CUDA. We propose an extension to OpenACC in order to reduce the traffic on the memory interconnection network, using a compression method on floating point numbers. We examine our method on six case studies, and achieve up to 1.36X speedup.
On the Study of Influences of Different Factors on the Rapid Tropospheric Tomography

A rapid tropospheric tomography system was developed by using algebraicreconstruction technique. Influences of different factors on the tomographic results, including theground meteorological data, the multi-Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations, theground station distribution and the tomographic horizontal resolution, were systematicallyinvestigated. In order to exclude the impacts from discrepancies of water vapor informationbetween input observations and references on the tomographic results, the latest reanalysisproducts, ERA5, which were taken as references for result evaluations, were used to simulate slantwet delay (SWD) observations at GNSS stations. Besides, the slant delays derived from GNSSprocessing were also used to evaluate the reliability of simulated observations. Tomography resultsshow that the input both SWD and ground meteorological data could improve the tomographicresults where SWD mainly improve the results at middle layers (500 to 5000m, namely 2 to 16 layer)and ground meteorological data could improve the humidity fields at bottom layers further (0 to500m, namely 0 to 2 layer). Compared to the usage of Global Positioning System (GPS) only SWD,the inclusion of multi-GNSS SWD does not significantly improve the tomographic results at alllayers due to the almost unchanged dispersion of puncture points of GNSS signals. However,increases in the ground GNSS stations can benefit the tomography, with improvements of morethan 10% at bottom and middle layers. Higher tomographic horizontal resolution can furtherslightly improve the tomographic results (about 3-6% from 0.5 to 0.25 degrees), which, however,will also increase the computational burden at the same time.
Evaluating the impact of atmospheric forcing and air–sea coupling on near-coastal regional ocean prediction

Abstract. Atmospheric forcing applied as ocean model boundary conditions can have a critical impact on the quality of ocean forecasts. This paper assesses the sensitivity of an eddy-resolving (1.5 km resolution) regional ocean model of the north-west European Shelf (NWS) to the choice of atmospheric forcing and atmosphere–ocean coupling. The analysis is focused on a month-long simulation experiment for July 2014 and evaluation of simulated sea surface temperature (SST) in a shallow near-coastal region to the south-west of the UK (Celtic Sea and western English Channel). Observations of the ocean and atmosphere are used to evaluate model results, with a particular focus on the L4 ocean buoy from the Western Channel Observatory as a rare example of co-located data above and below the sea surface. The impacts of differences in the atmospheric forcing are illustrated by comparing results from an ocean model run in forcing mode using operational global-scale numerical weather prediction (NWP) data with an ocean model run forced by a convective-scale regional atmosphere model. The value of dynamically representing feedbacks between the atmosphere and ocean state is assessed via the use of these model components within a fully coupled ocean–wave–atmosphere system. Simulated SSTs show considerable sensitivity to atmospheric forcing and to the impact of model coupling in near-coastal areas. A warm ocean bias relative to in situ observations in the simulation forced by global-scale NWP (0.7 K in the model domain) is shown to be reduced (to 0.4 K) via the use of the 1.5 km resolution regional atmospheric forcing. When simulated in coupled mode, this bias is further reduced (by 0.2 K). Results demonstrate much greater variability of both the surface heat budget terms and the near-surface winds in the convective-scale atmosphere model data, as might be expected. Assessment of the surface heat budget and wind forcing over the ocean is challenging due to a scarcity of observations. However, it can be demonstrated that the wind speed over the ocean simulated by the convective-scale atmosphere did not agree as well with the limited number of observations as the global-scale NWP data did. Further partially coupled experiments are discussed to better understand why the degraded wind forcing does not detrimentally impact on SST results.
Output Bandwidth Limitations of Basestation Power Amplifier Design and Its Implementation Using Doherty Amplifier

This thesis is a study of Bandwidth limitation of basestation power amplifier and its Doherty application. Fundamentally, bandwidth of a power amplifier (PA) is limited by both its input and output prematch networks and its Doherty architecture, specifically the impedance inverter between the main and auxiliary amplifier. In this study, only the output prematch network and the Doherty architecture follows are being investigated. A new proposed impedance inverter in the Doherty architecture exhibits an extended bandwidth compared to traditional quarterwave line. Base on the loadline analysis, output impedance of the power amplifier can be represented by a loadline resistor and an output shunt capacitor. Base on this simple model, the maximum allowed bandwidth of the output impedance of the power amplifier can be estimated using the Bode-Fano method. However, since power amplifier is in fact nonlinear, harmonic balance simulation is used to loadpull the device across a broad range of frequencies. Base on the simulated large signal impedance at maximum power, the prematch circuitry can be designed. On a system level, the prematch power amplifier is used in Doherty amplifier. Two different prematch circuitries, Tsection and shunt L methods are investigated along with their comparison in the Doherty architecture at both back off power and peak power condition. The last section of the thesis will be incorporating the proposed impedance inverter structure between the main and auxiliary amplifiers. The simulated results showed the shunt L prematch topology has the least impedance dispersion across frequency. Along with the new impedance inverter structure, the 65% efficiency bandwidth improves by 50% compared to the original impedance inverter structure at back off power level.
An Exact Multiobjective Optimization Approach for Evaluating Water Distribution Infrastructure Criticality and Geospatial Interdependence

Failures within water distribution systems are usually not isolated and tend to propagate to corresponding transportation infrastructure, yet most criticality and resilience analyses of water distribution networks are conducted for the individual water infrastructure without accounting for interdependence. To address this research gap, this study investigates how the critical components identified within water distribution systems may be different when accounting for failure propagation to the transportation road network. In this study, failure propagation is assumed to be based on geospatial interdependence and unidirectional, starting from water distribution network components to transportation network components. A logical interaction network is constructed considering the interdependence between both infrastructures, and multiobjective optimization is used to solve for the critical water distribution components considering: quantity of failures, performance loss, and financial costs. This work presents a modular workflow for water distribution criticality analysis and proposes the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov distance statistic between solution sets as a measure of the significance of interdependency for decision making. Results from the case study suggest that as the magnitude of water infrastructure failure increases beyond a threshold, the interdependency between water distribution and transportation becomes more significant. The difference between identified critical components using only information from water distribution and using both water distribution and transportation is significantly different (with greater than 95% confidence) for the city of Tampa, when more than 40 components fail (are isolated). These results will assist utilities in asset management and strategy assessment, by helping prioritize component repair and better allocate resources for critical interdependent infrastructures.
An indicated torque estimation method based on the Elman neural network for a turbocharged diesel engine

A model-based indicated torque estimation method for a turbocharged diesel engine is presented in this study. The proposed model consists of two submodels: a steady-state indicated torque model; a transient torque coefficient model using the Elman neural network. Experiments are designed to acquire the database for the model. The optimal parameters of the Elman neural network are determined; the results show that the mean absolute percentage error of the transient torque coefficient for the estimated values using the Elman neural network and the experimental values is within 2% and the maximum error is about 7%. A comparison of the usability of the back-propagation network and that of the Elman neural network for transient estimation problems is studied; the results show that the Elman neural network is more applicable in terms of the transient accuracy and the convergence time. To validate the accuracy of the model, the experimental results for a new engine speed with two new processes are employed as test data; it is shown that the mean absolute percentage error of the indicated torque is within 2% and the maximum error is about 6%. Furthermore, explicit formulation of the Elman neural network model is acquired and rewritten as C code. Then, online validation is conducted and the results show that the mean absolute percentage error of the indicated torque is within 6%, with a maximum error of 15%.
A new technique for Image retrieval using its contents

Summary Most of the early researches on content -based image retrieval (CBIR) have been focused on developing effective global features. While these researches establish the basis of CBIR, the retrieval performance is still far from users’ expectations. The main reason is acknowledged to be the gap between low-level features and high-level concepts. To narrow down this semantic gap, an additive technique has been widely used: region-based features to represent the focus of the user’s perceptions of image content. The primary intent of this paper is to develop a system for efficiently retrieving similar images on the basis of their visual content from large image repositories. Studies on the benefit of various computational features in the description of visual contents of an image and on the grouping of features leading to successful retrieval results are the basis for the development of an image indexing and retrieval algorithm in this paper. This research, presents an elegant and efficient system for content-based indexing and retrieval of images. The global and region features are extracted from the images and are used in indexing the same. Tree data structures are used in indexing the extracted region features. The proposed system makes use of the following image processing techniques: color space conversion, quantization, denoising, edge detection and segmentation.