Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subjective versus Objective Incentives and Employee Productivity ∗

A central challenge facing ﬁrms is how to incentivize employees. While objective, output-based incentives may be theoretically ideal, in practice they may lead employees to reduce eﬀort on non-incentivized outcomes and may fail in settings where eﬀort is weakly tied to output. We study the eﬀect of subjective incentives (manager-discretionary performance evaluation) and objective incentives (test score-based) relative to no incentives for teachers using an RCT in 230 Pakistani schools. First, we show that subjective and objective incentives both increase test scores and have similar magnitude eﬀects. However, objective incentives decrease non-test score student outcomes relative to subjective incentives. Second, we show that teachers’ eﬀort response is very diﬀerent under each scheme, with attendance increasing under subjective and teaching quality decreasing under objective. Finally, we rationalize these eﬀects through the lens of a moral hazard model with multi-tasking. We use within-treatment variation to isolate the causal eﬀect of contract noise and distortion and show that these channels explain most of our reduced form eﬀects. test scores and socio-emotional development. Test score data comes from an endline test conducted by the research team, one month after the end of the contract. Students are tested in core subjects (English, Urdu, math, science, and economics) in grades 4-13. A variety of question types and sources allow us to test whether eﬀects are driven by memorization-type questions. Socio-emotional development is measured along four dimensions: love of learning, ethical behavior, inquisitiveness, and global competency. These dimensions are measured using self-report survey items drawn from several psychological indices used for measuring socio-emotional development in children. 2
Simulating the radiative forcing of oceanic dimethylsulfide (DMS) in Asia based on machine learning estimates

Abstract. Dimethylsulfide (DMS) emitted from seawater is a key precursor to new particle formation and acts as a regulator in Earth's warming climate system. However, DMS's effects are not well understood in various ocean regions. In this study, we estimated DMS emissions based on a machine learning method and used the GEOS-Chem global 3D chemical transport model coupled with the TwO Moment Aerosol Sectional (TOMAS) microphysics scheme to simulate the atmospheric chemistry and radiative effects of DMS. The contributions of DMS to atmospheric SO42- aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations along with the radiative effects over the Asian region were evaluated for the first time. First, we constructed novel monthly resolved DMS emissions (0.5∘×0.5∘) for the year 2017 using a machine learning model; 4351 seawater DMS measurements (including the recent measurements made over the Chinese seas) and 12 relevant environment parameters were selected for model training. We found that the model could predict the observed DMS concentrations with a correlation coefficient of 0.75 and fill the values in regions lacking observations. Across the Asian seas, the highest seasonal mean DMS concentration occurred in March–April–May (MAM), and we estimate the annual DMS emission flux of 1.25 Tg (S), which is equivalent to 15.4 % of anthropogenic sulfur emissions over the entire simulation domain (which covered most of Asia) in 2017. The model estimates of DMS and methane sulfonic acid (MSA), using updated DMS emissions, were evaluated by comparing them with cruise survey experiments and long-term online measurement site data. The improvement in model performance can be observed compared with simulation results derived from the global-database DMS emissions. The relative contributions of DMS to SO42- and CCN were higher in remote oceanic areas, contributing 88 % and 42 % of all sources, respectively. Correspondingly, the sulfate direct radiative forcing (DRF) and indirect radiative forcing (IRF) contributed by DMS ranged from −200 to −20 mW m−2 and from −900 to −100 mW m−2, respectively, with levels varying by season. The strong negative IRF is mainly over remote ocean regions (−900 to −600 mW m−2). Generally, the magnitude of IRF derived by DMS was twice as large as its DRF. This work provides insights into the source strength of DMS and the impact of DMS on climate and addresses knowledge gaps related to factors controlling aerosols in the marine boundary layer and their climate impacts.
REPUTATION-BASED DISCLOSURE AND COST OF CAPITAL: THE ROLE OF CONTROLLING OWNERSHIP

This study aims at examining the effect of reputation-based disclosure on the cost of capital and the role of the controlling ownership as a moderating variable. The sample of the study consists of manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the years 2009–2013. This study uses price-earnings to growth (PEG) as a proxy of the cost of capital. The result demonstrates that reputation-based voluntary disclosure has a negative effect on the cost of capital. The controlling ownership further strengthened this effect. The cost of capital is reduced by higher disclosure. However, the interaction between reputation-based disclosure and ownership structure has a positive effect on the cost of capital. The result of this study is robust, using other measurements of the cost of capital (Fama-French model). It implies that investors can utilize firms’ disclosure as a signal to estimate returns. Firms, however, strive to impress investors positively to reduce the expected returns.
Adaptive Cooperative Highway Platooning and Merging

As low-cost reliable sensors are introduced to market, research efforts in autonomous driving are increasing. Traffic congestion is a major problem for nearly all metropolis’. Assistive driving technologies like cruise control and adaptive cruise control are widely available today. While these control systems ease the task of driving, the driver still needs to be fully alert at all times. While these existing structures are helpful in alleviating the stress of driving to a certain extent, they are not enough to improve traffic flow. Two main causes of congestion are slow response of drivers to their surroundings, and situations like highway ramp merges or lane closures. This thesis will address both of these issues. A modified version of the widely available adaptive cruise control systems, known as cooperative adaptive cruise control, can work at all speeds with additional wireless communication that improves stability of the controller. These structures can tolerate much smaller desired spacing and can safely work in stop and go traffic. This thesis proposes a new control structure that combines conventional cooperative adaptive cruise control with rear end collision check. This approach is capable of avoiding rear end collisions with the following car, as long as it can still maintain the safe distance with the preceding vehicle. This control structure is mainly intended for use with partially automated highways, where there is a risk of being rear-ended while following a car with adaptive cruise control. Simulation results also shows that use of bidirectional cooperative adaptive cruise control also helps to strengthen the string stability of the platoon. Two different control structures are used to accomplish this task: MPC and PD based switching controller. Model predictive control (MPC) structure works well for the purpose of bidirectional platoon control. This control structure can adapt to the changes in the plant with the use of a parameter estimator. Constraints are set to make sure that the controller outputs are always within the boundaries of the plant. Also these constraints assures that a certain gap will always be kept with the preceding vehicle. PD based switching controller offers an alternative to the MPC structure. Main advantage of this control structure is that it is designed to be robust to certain level of sensor noise. Both these control structures gave good simulation results. The thesis makes use of the control structures developed in the earlier chapters to continue developing structures to alleviate traffic congestions. Two merging schemes are proposed to find a solution to un-signaled merging and lane closures. First problem deals with situations where necessary levels of communication is not present to inform surrounding drivers of merging intention. Second structure proposes a merging protocol for cases where two platoons are approaching a lane closure. This structure makes use of the modified cooperative adaptive cruise control structures proposed earlier in the thesis.
Parton distribution effects in the direct photon production at hadron collisions

Parton distribution functions are crucial to understand the internal kinematics of hadrons. There are currently a large number of distribution functions on the market, and thanks to today’s technology, performing computational analysis of the differential cross-sections has become more accessible. Despite technological advances, accurately accessing to the internal structure of hadrons remains a difficult task from a theoretical point of view. In this work, we analyze the impact on the differential cross-sections when updating the sets of parton distribution and fragmentation functions, for the production of one hadron plus a direct photon at the energy scale of RHIC and LHC experiments.
PSYCHOANALYSIS AND POLITICS: CONTEMPORARY HOSTILITY TO THE NEW

: The present article is the result of a theoretical research in psychoanalysis still ongoing dedicated to investigate possible devices within the contemporary rationality operating in a hostile way to processes capable of inscribing a radical new. History shows that some insurrections and forms of popular resistance, which seemed to demonstrate the power to produce a new, resulted in a retrogression or another form of alienation, with a semblance of new, making explicit the presence of an impasse around the conception of the new. Therefore, the research makes use of the Lacanian concept of analytical act and the notion of Event in Alain Badiou, in order to identify indicators capable of instituting a new with political power for radical transformation. Both clinic and politics show that the production of a novelty requires a sudden and contingent break, outside any order established by knowledge. The new comes in disarticulation with the field of existing knowledge, thus comprising a unique invention, which finds no place in the predictable and calculable horizon, which nurtures neoliberal reason.
Fast Neural Ranking on Bipartite Graph Indices

Neural network based ranking has been widely adopted owing to its powerful capacity in modeling complex relationships (e.g., users and items, questions and answers). Online neural network ranking, i.e., the so called fast neural ranking, is considered a challenging task because neural network measures are in general non-convex and asymmetric. Traditional approximate near neighbor (ANN) search which typically focuses on metric ranking measures, is not applicable to these complex measures. To tackle this challenge, in this paper, we propose to construct BipartitE Graph INdices (BEGIN) for fast neural ranking. BEGIN contains two types of nodes: base/searching objects and sampled queries. The edges connecting these types of nodes are constructed via the neural network ranking measure. The proposed algorithm is a natural extension from traditional search on graph methods and is more suitable for fast neural ranking. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
A Survey on Hybrid Model Automatic Text Summarization

: Automatic Text Summarization is a data compression process to exclude unnecessary details and include important information of a source text document in a shorter version. In this paper, we have presented the concept of four different techniques for automatic text summarization. The synthesis of text provides automatically a summary of essential phrases and incorporates all the necessary information from the original content. One of the principal techniques is extractive and abstractive when seen from the summary findings. This report offers a comprehensive and thorough evaluation of the text summary studies published between 2008 and 2019. The findings of chosen studies for identification and analysis are published in 85 journals and conference articles describing study topics/trends, data sets, preprocessing, featural characteristics, procedures, methodologies, assessments and research challenge.
The Anti-Aging Face Cream Preparations Made from Collagen Membrane of Chicken Eggshell (Gallus gallus domesticus) Combined with Bee Honey (Apis mellifera)

Indonesian J Pharm 33(1), 2022, 117-127 | journal.ugm. ac.id/v3/IJP Copyright © 2022 by Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (IJP). The open access articles are distributed under the terms and conditions of Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/). The Anti-Aging Face Cream Preparations Made from Collagen Membrane of Chicken Eggshell (Gallus gallus domesticus) Combined with Bee Honey (Apis mellifera)
Delivering in Congested Urban Environments: The Benefits of Several Depots and a Diverse Fleet Delivering in Congested Urban Environments: The Benefits of Several Depots and a Diverse Fleet Ɨ

This paper considers an extension of classical distribution problems and introduces the time-dependent fleet size and mix multi-depot vehicle routing problem. This is an important class of problems with applications in urban logistics and service design. The solution to this problem impacts the performance of distribution companies, and can help design policies to improve traffic and congestion issues. We propose a mathematical model for this new and challenging problem, along with several generic and problem-specific valid inequalities. A powerful matheuristic is proposed to solve large instances of the problem generated from real traffic data. Our matheuristic is also assessed on a set of instances from the literature. For the newly introduced problem, we provide good solutions with an important reduction in the execution time. Our computational results demonstrate the importance of using a powerful algorithm to solve complex optimization problems. The solutions demonstrate that in dense urban environments, it is important to properly explore all facilities and use all types of vehicles available in order to better serve customers and improve the performance. 0 . 15 for instances with 50 customers, and σ = 0 . 2 η for all the other instances. For the intra-route improvement heuristic, we set ν 1 equal to 10, 9, 8, 7, and 6, respectively, for instances with 10, 20, 50, 80 and 100 or more customers; ν 2 equals to 3 for all conﬁgurations. The composition of set Γ parents is χ 1 = 0 . 5 η, χ 2 = 0 . 4 η and χ 3 = 0 . 1 η . how companies can have ﬁnancial gains by properly exploring several facilities and vehicle ﬂeets of diﬀerent sizes. It also indicates that policies restricting the access of large vehicles to dense urban areas do not necessarily impose any ﬁnancial limitation on logistics operators, as they can adapt and diversify the origins of their routes and the types of vehicles used.
THE ROLE OF NARRATIVE FORMAT IN INCREASING NARRATIVE TRANSPORT AND EMPATHY FOR FICTION AND NON-FICTION READERS

The purpose of this study was to determine whether non-fiction (news) and fiction (short story) narrative formats could have different effects in increasing narrative transport and readers’ empathy. The study was conducted using an experimental pre-posttest method and two groups designed. Participants of 62 students (male = 19, female = 43, M age = 21.6) were randomly assigned to two groups of reading conditions (non-fiction vs. fiction), then their level of empathy and narrative transport were measured after manipulation/treatment. The measures used were the Narrative Transport Questionnaire and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. The statistical analysis method used was the MANCOVA test. Differences in conditions (non-fiction vs. fiction) as independent variables, baseline narrative transport score and empathy as covariates to be controlled. The test results between the group multivariate test showed that there was a significant difference between the reading groups of non-fiction and fiction on narrative transport and readers’ empathy simultaneously after controlling for the pre-test narrative transport and pre-test empathy variables, F (2, 57) = 3.291, p < . 05, Wilks’ Λ = . 896, with power η p2 = . 104 (10.4%). The univariate test on each dependent variable (empathy, narrative transport) in terms of text reading (non-fiction vs. fiction), after controlling for covariates (pre-test empathy, pre-test narrative transport), only differed significantly in the dependent variable narrative transport, F (5, 55) , p < 0.05, with η p2 = . 087 (8.7%), but not significant on the dependent variable empathy. The discussion is related to the familiarity of the reader towards the main character in non-fiction and fiction texts.
Carnassiform notches improve the functional efficiency of bat molar shearing crests

We surveyed molar surface morphology of bats of 281 extant and extinct species in 5 archaic and 19 extant families using scanning microscopy. We note the occurrence of structural features on talonid crests, the cristid obliqua, postcristid, and entocristid, and their absence in upper molars, even of the same species having them on lowers. We term the structures “carnassiform notches” (CN) for their resemblance to similar features on the carnassial teeth of carnivorans. A CN consists of a small cleft in the edge of a talonid shearing crest accompanied by an adjacent “accessory trough” on the basinward side of the notch. The CN occur in bats with tribosphenic molar morphology and insectivorous or insectivorous–omnivorous dietary habits. Of 19 extant families examined, eight include members that possess lower molars with a CN in at least the cristid obliqua: Megadermatidae, Nycteridae, Mystacinidae, Furipteridae, Thyropteridae, Phyllostomidae, Natalidae, and Vespertilionidae (Murininae and Kerivoulinae only). An extinct genus of Hipposideridae, Vaylatsia , shows CN although extant hipposiderids do not. In extinct families for which lower molar fossils are available, notches were not recognized on the talonids, indicating the condition is not plesiomorphic for bats and probably evolved convergently in different lineages. Where present, the CN or troughs are morphologically consistent within a family, and might serve in some cases as characters supporting phylogenetic analyses and clade diagnoses. CN and accessory troughs probably increase the functional efficiency at sectioning chitin by increasing the effective length of a crest while maintaining the same cusp-to-cusp distance and precise occlusal relationships, and by improving the food-capture area of the shearing blade during occlusion. The accessory troughs provide an immediately adjacent fragment-clearance area. The increased sophistication of this food-processing system might be particularly important in species that must quickly acquire, chew, and swallow their food and resume echolocating in flight. The common ancestor of bats probably did not have CN in its molars, and the presence of CN does not signal carnivory in bats.
Transport mechanism of eurycomanone from Eurycoma longifolia Jack across Caco-2 cells model

Eurycomanone is the main active ingredient of Eurycoma longifolia Jack with anti-cancer, anti-malaria, improving male sexual dysfunction and other effects.The poor lipid solubility of eurycomanone is potential reason for its low bioavailability. However, the transmembrane absorption mechanism has not been reported. In this study, the Caco-2 cell monolayer model was used to investigate the influence of different factors on the eurycomanone transmembrane absorption, including time, concentration, temperature, P-glycoprotein inhibitors (verapamil or cyclosporin A) and collateral transport enhancer (sodium desoxycholate or EDTA). The results showed that the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of eurycomanone was lower than 10-6 cm/s with poor oral absorption. The Papp was not dependent on concentrations or temperatures. The addition of paracellular transport enhancer promoted the absorption of eurycomanone(P < 0.05), whereas p-glycoprotein inhibitors had no effect.Taken together, this study indicated that absorption of eurycomanone may undergo passive transmembrane transport and paracellular transport.
The Study of Norm Vacuum of Condenser for Steam Turbine Based-on Support Vector Regression

The vacuum of condenser has an important influence about economy and security of steam turbine,and it was affected by many factors which had biggish couple,so it is difficult to confirm the norm vacuum of condenser.In this paper,countering the operating state of condenser for steam turbine,the factors which affected the norm vacuum of condenser is analyzed and the calculation method was reduced;a calculation model the of norm vacuum of condenser is given by using Support Vector Regression(SVR),then the calculation model was verified and parameters was discussed based on the data of a 300MW steam turbine unit.The studying results indicated that calculation model based-on SVR has forcible generalization ability and stability and established foundations for diagnosing the faults of low vacuum for condenser.
Turkish Music Genre Classification using Audio and Lyrics Features

Music Information Retrieval (MIR) has become a popular research area in recent years. In this context, researchers have developed music information systems to find solutions for such major problems as automatic playlist creation, hit song detection, and music genre or mood classification. Meta-data information, lyrics, or melodic content of music are used as feature resource in previous works. However, lyrics do not often used in MIR systems and the number of works in this field is not enough especially for Turkish. In this paper, firstly, we have extended our previously created Turkish MIR (TMIR) dataset, which comprises of Turkish lyrics, by including the audio file of each song. Secondly, we have investigated the effect of using audio and textual features together or separately on automatic Music Genre Classification (MGC). We have extracted textual features from lyrics using different feature extraction models such as word2vec and traditional Bag of Words. We have conducted our experiments on Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm and analysed the impact of feature selection and different feature groups on MGC. We have considered lyrics based MGC as a text classification task and also investigated the effect of term weighting method. Experimental results show that textual features can also be effective as well as audio features for Turkish MGC, especially when a supervised term weighting method is employed. We have achieved the highest success rate as 99,12\% by using both audio and textual features together.