Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Second Look at Gesture-Based Passwords: Usability and Vulnerability to Shoulder-Surfing Attacks

 Abstract — For security purposes, it is important to detect passwords entered by unauthorized users. With traditional alphanumeric passwords, if the content of a password is acquired and correctly entered by an intruder, it is impossible to differentiate the password entered by the intruder from those entered by the authorized user because the password entries contain precisely the same character set. However, no two entries for the gesture-based passwords, even those entered by the person who created the password, will be identical. There are always variations between entries, such as the shape and length of each stroke, the location of each stroke, and the speed of drawing. It is possible that passwords entered by the unauthorized user contain higher levels of variations when compared with those entered by the authorized user (the creator). The difference in the levels of variations may provide cues to detect unauthorized entries. To test this hypothesis, we designed an empirical study, collected and analyzed the data with the help of machine-learning algorithms. The results of the study are significant.
Using Multi-Dimensional Scaling Method to Compare Stock Markets

This research proposed a graphical method that can defer insights possible similarities across stock markets in key America, Asia, and Europe. The multidimensional scaling (MDS) technique was applied to visualize dynamics of cross-dependencies across stock markets before and after introduction of the Euro. Data consists of 5541 daily returns of 13 stock markets which include two US markets, seven Europe markets and four Asia markets from 1986 to 2007.
In Situ Quantification of Atmospheric Methane Oxidation in Near‐Surface Soils

The turnover of greenhouse gases in soils is largely mediated by the activity of microorganisms. In situ quantification of these processes is important to improve estimates on global budgets for many greenhouse gases, including CH4 In this study, we assessed the utility of a modified version of the gas push–pull test (GPPT) to derive in situ apparent first‐order rate coefficients for atmospheric CH4 oxidation in near‐surface soil. An ordinary GPPT consists of the controlled injection and subsequent extraction of reactants (i.e., CH4 and O2) and tracer gases (e.g., Ar, Ne, or He) into and out of the vadose zone at a location of interest. In the modified GPPT, injection and extraction takes place inside a cylinder previously placed in the soil and temporarily closed at the top. Using numerical simulations and tests in a laboratory sand tank, we found gas recovery to remain low (3–17%) and decrease with decreasing injection–extraction depth during ordinary GPPTs of∼1‐h duration. Under similar test conditions, modified GPPTs resulted in high gas recovery (64–90%) of all gases used. This allowed the modified GPPTs to be prolonged up to 12 h in simulations and 6 h in laboratory experiments, while gas recovery still remained substantial (19–57%). The modified GPPT was successfully applied to quantify atmospheric CH4 oxidation in situ in a sandy soil in Zurich, Switzerland. Calculated first‐order rate coefficients ranged from 0.7 to 1.6 h−1 and agreed with literature values and estimates derived from a diffusion–consumption model fitted to CH4 concentration profiles. Our modification extends the applicability of GPPTs to study microbially mediated gas turnover in near‐surface soils.
Layer-by-Layer Structured Nanofiber Membranes with Photoinduced Self-Cleaning Functions

A series of organic chemicals capable of generating radicals under photoexposure, such as 2-anthraquinone sulfonate (2-AQS), 2,6-AQS, and 2,7-AQS, have been layer-by-layer (LBL) assembled onto the hydrophilic poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) (PVA-co-PE) nanofiber composite membranes. The composite nanofiber membranes assembled with AQS chemicals have demonstrated excellent photoinduced self-cleaning properties by decolorizing colorants and killing bacteria. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the nanofibrous membranes maintained the well-defined fiber morphology and large specific surface area after LBL assembly. The effects of AQS types, the compositions of PVA-co-PE, as well as the number of AQS layers on the decolorization property were studied. The PVA-co-PE (44% ethylene unit) nanofiber membrane assembled with one layer of 2,6-AQS was able to provide expected photoinduced self-cleaning properties, and the system could be a promising candidate of self-cleaning protective clothing mate.
Density‐functional method for very large systems with LCAO basis sets

We have implemented a linear scaling, fully self-consistent density-functional method for performing first-principles calculations on systems with a large number of atoms, using standard norm-conserving pseudopotentials and flexible linear combinations of atomic orbitals (LCAO) basis sets. Exchange and correlation are treated within the local-spin-density or gradient-corrected approximations. The basis functions and the electron density are projected on a real-space grid in order to calculate the Hartree and exchange–correlation potentials and matrix elements. We substitute the customary diagonalization procedure by the minimization of a modified energy functional, which gives orthogonal wave functions and the same energy and density as the Kohn–Sham energy functional, without the need of an explicit orthogonalization. The additional restriction to a finite range for the electron wave functions allows the computational effort (time and memory) to increase only linearly with the size of the system. Forces and stresses are also calculated efficiently and accurately, allowing structural relaxation and molecular dynamics simulations. We present test calculations beginning with small molecules and ending with a piece of DNA. Using double-z, polarized bases, geometries within 1% of experiments are obtained. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 65: 453–461, 1997
TERRAIN MAPPING AND POSE ESTIMATION FOR POLAR SHADOWED REGIONS OF THE MOON

Lunar ice, likely to be found in the highest abundance near the poles, could be a source of water for drinking, oxygen for breathing, and for producing propellants for venturing beyond the moon to deep space. Viability depends on specifics of the accessibility, depth, and concentration of the ice, which can only be determined by surface missions of repeated robotic explorations over time. Remote sensing indicates that ice concentrates in low, shadowed depressions that may or may not be close to safe landing sites [1]. Navigating through polar shadows and darkness necessitates capability for sensing in the dark. This paper profiles the perception system of MoonRanger, a micro-rover manifested on a 2022 NASA CLPS flight [2], which will be the first polar mission to perform in situ measurement of lunar ice. Figure 1: Artist rendering of MoonRanger
Prevalence of Maternal Mortality in West Africa: A Systematic Review

Maternal mortality rate is a key indicator of the health status of a population. In 2013, the World Health Organization (W.H.O.) defined maternal mortality as the death of a woman whereas pregnant or within 42 days of the end of pregnancy, independent of the term and location of pregnancy (uterine or additional uterine) from any cause related to or made more awful by the pregnancy or its management [1]. Accomplishing great maternal health requires quality regenerative health services and an Abstract
THE EFFECT OF NATURAL ENERGY SOURCES ON THE SUSTAINABLE FORM OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE

The Natural resources of each region are considered to be the main environmental influence on the traditional vernacular architecture that emerges naturally, considering that the physical appearance of the traditional architecture is based basically on the human interaction with the surrounding environment, his adaptation to it, and his best utilization of it. What really makes this architectural image special and significant is the integration of several aspects, which are; the environment, the aesthetics and the social character in a comprehensively complete way with the elements of sustainability. This research will look into two main aspects; firstly, the theoretical aspect that will review the importance of studying the effect of the characteristics of natural sources on shaping the elements of vernacular architecture, it will also inspect the importance of studying the nature and characteristics of these elements and their integration with environmental, social and esthetical sustainability standards. Secondly, the study will conduct a practical analyses of several vernacular buildings samples from the Levant region (Jordan, Syria, Palestine and Iraq) to study the effect of natural energy sources variations that were mentioned in the theoretical part of the study for analyzing and discovering the effect of these variations in enriching the sustainability within the vernacular architecture in each country, and their effect in generating the vernacular architectural form.
Image Captioning menurut Scientific Revolution Kuhn dan Popper

Perkembangan untuk memberikan caption pada suatu gambar merupakan suatu ranah perkembangan baru dalam bidang intelejensia buatan. Image captioning merupakan penggabungan dari beberapa bidang seperti computer vision, natural language, dan pembelajaran mesin. Aspek yang menjadi perhatian dalam bidang image captioning ini adalah ketepatan arsitektur neural network yang dimodelkan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang sedekat mungkin dengan ground-thruth yang disampaikan oleh person. Beberapa kajian yang sudah diteliti masih mendapatkan kalimat yang masih jauh dari ground-thruth tersebut. Permasalahan yang dibahas pada umumnya mengenai image captioning adalah image generator dan text generator yaitu penggunaan deep learning seperti CNN dan LSTM untuk menyelesaikan masalah captioning. Hal ini menjadi dasar permasalahan untuk memberikan kontribusi baru dalam bidang image captioning yang meliputi image extractor, text generator, dan evaluator yang bisa digunakan pada model yang diusulkan. Perspektif Kuhn dan Popper dalam hal image captioning, diperoleh bahwa caption dalam bidang geologi sangat diperlukan dan mencapai tahap krisis. Perlu adanya metode usulan baru untuk menyajikan caption untuk citra geologi.
Formation and Characterization of Mixed Copper Sulfide ― Copper Telluride Layers on the Polyamide 6 Surface

IR and UV absorption spectra show that selenopentathionate anions are sorbed into the polyamide 6 films if they are treated with 0.025-0.2 mol/dm 3 solutions of potassium selenopentathionate, K 2 SeS 4 O 6 , in 0.1 mol/dm 3 HCl at 30 and 50°C. The concentration of sorbed selenopentathionate ions increases with the increase of the duration of treatment, concentration and temperature of SeS 4 O 2- 6 solution. The mixed copper sulfide-copper selenide, Cu x S-Cu y Se, layers are formed in the surface of polyamide 6 after the treatment of chalcogenized polymer with Cu(II/I) salt solution (10 min, 78°C): the anions SeS 4 O 2- 6 containing selenium and sulfur atoms of low oxidation state react with the copper(II/I) ions. The conditions of a polymer initial chalcogenation determine the concentration ofcopper and the composition ofchalcogenide layer: the concentration of copper in the chalcogenide layer increases with the increase of initial chalcogenation duration, temperature and the concentration of solution. The results of XRD confirmed the formation of mixed copper sulfide-copper selenide layers on the surface of polyamide 6: four copper sulfide phases, chalcocite, Cu 2 S, digenite, Cu 1.8 S, djurleite, Cu 1.9375 S, anilite, Cu 1.75 S, and five copper selenide phases, bellidoite, Cu 2 Se, umangite, Cu 3 Se 2 , klockmannite, CuSe, krutaite, CuSe 2 and Cu 2 Se x , were identified in the layers. The phase composition of layers changes depending on the conditions of the polymer initial treatment in a K 2 SeS 4 O 6 solution. The chemical composition of Cu x S-Cu y Se layers was characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy XPS. XPS results confirmed the formation of mixed copper chalcogenides of various phases on the surface of a polyamide 6. At room temperature, electrical sheet resistance of the layers vary from 12.2 Q/D to 4.7 MΩ/□. The determined regularities enable formation of the layers of copper sulfide-copper selenide on the surface of a polyamide 6 of desirable composition and conductivity by the sorption method using the solutions of potassium selenopentathionate as precursor.
Feature Analysis of Predictive Maintenance Models

Research in predictive maintenance modeling has improved in the recent years to predict failures and needed maintenance with high accuracy, saving cost and improving manufacturing efficiency. However, classic prediction models provide little valuable insight towards the most important features contributing to the failure. By analyzing and quantifying feature importance in predictive maintenance models, cost saving can be optimized based on business goals. First, multiple classifiers are evaluated with cross-validation to predict the multi-class of failures. Second, predictive performance with features provided by different feature selection algorithms are further analyzed. Third, features selected by different algorithms are ranked and combined based on their predictive power. Finally, linear explainer SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) is applied to interpret classifier behavior and provide further insight towards the specific roles of features in both local predictions and global model behavior. The results of the experiments suggest that certain features play dominant roles in predictive models while others have significantly less impact on the overall performance. Moreover, for multi-class prediction of machine failures, the most important features vary with type of machine failures. The results may lead to improved productivity and cost saving by prioritizing sensor deployment, data collection, and data processing of more important features over less importance features. Keywords—Automated supply chain, intelligent manufacturing, predictive maintenance machine learning, feature engineering, model interpretation.
Preclinical evaluation of radiation therapy of BRCA1-associated mammary tumors using a mouse model

Although germline mutations in BRCA1 highly predispose women towards breast and ovarian cancer, few substantial improvements in preventing or treating such cancers have been made. Importantly, BRCA1 function is closely associated with DNA damage repair, which is required for genetic stability. Here, we examined the efficacy of radiotherapy, assessing the accumulation of genetic instabilities, in the treatment of BRCA1-associated breast cancer using a Brca1-mutant mouse model. Treatment of Brca1-mutant tumor-engrafted mice with X-rays reduced tumor progression by 27.9% compared with untreated controls. A correlation analysis of irradiation responses and biomarker profiles in tumors at baseline identified differences between responders and non-responders at the protein level (pERα, pCHK2, p53, and EpCAM) and at the SOX2 target expression level. We further demonstrated that combined treatment of Brca1-mutant mammary tumors with irradiation and AZD2281, which inhibits PARP, significantly reduced tumor progression and extended survival. Our findings enhance the understanding of DNA damage and biomarker responses in BRCA1-associated mammary tumors and provide preclinical evidence that radiotherapy with synthetic DNA damage is a potential strategy for the therapeutic management of BRCA1-associated breast cancer.
Title Boundary cooperative control by flexible Timoshenko arms

This paper discusses a cooperative control problem by two one-link flexible Timoshenko arms. The goal is to control a grasping force to collect an object with the two flexible arms, and to simultaneously suppress the vibrations of the arms. To solve this problem, we propose a boundary controller that is based on a dynamic model represented by a hybrid PDE-ODE model; the exponential stability of the closed-loop system is then proven by the frequency domain method. Finally, several numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the validity of the proposed boundary cooperative controller.
Short‐term kinetics of residual wheat straw C and N under field conditions: characterization by 13C15N tracing and soil particle size fractionation

Summary A clear understanding of the short‐term decomposition and fate of crop residues is necessary to predict the availability of mineral N in soil. The fate of 13 C15N‐labelled wheat straw in a silty soil (Typic Hapludalf) was studied using particle size fractionation and in situ incubation in which the equivalent of 8 t dry matter per ha of straw was incorporated into the soil over 574 days. Soil samples were separated into five particle‐size fractions by wet sieving after disruption of aggregates. The weight, C and N contents, and 13C and 15N atom excess of each fraction were determined. Straw‐derived C disappeared rapidly from the > 2000‐μm fraction with an estimated half‐life of 53 ‘normalized’ days (equivalent of 10°C and −0−01 MPA water potential). Straw‐derived C appeared to be only temporarily stored in the intermediate fractions (1000–2000 and 200–1000 pm). The maximum net 13C accumulation in the 50–200‐μm fraction was 4·4% of added 13C. Straw‐derived C accumulated most rapidly and preferentially in the 50‐μm fraction, which stabilized after 265 days and accounted for 70% of the residual 13C on day 574. Although there was more residual 15N than 13C, the distributions and kinetics of the two isotopes in the fractions were similar.
Dynamic Nonequilibrium of Water Flow in Porous Media: A Review

This review provides an overview on various phenomena, hypothesized causes, and modeling approaches that describe “dynamic nonequilibrium” (DNE) of water flow in soils. Dynamic nonequilibrium is characterized from observations on the macroscale by an apparent flow‐rate dependence of hydraulic properties or by local nonequilibrium between water content and pressure head under monotonic imbibition or drainage histories, i.e., not affected by traditional hysteresis. The literature indicates that key processes causing DNE are pore‐scale phenomena such as relaxation of air–water‐interface distributions, limited air‐phase permeability, dynamic contact angles, and time‐dependent wettability changes. Furthermore, entrapment of water and pore water blockage, air‐entry effects, and temperature effects might be involved. These processes act at different pressure head regions and on different time scales, which makes effective modeling of the combined phenomena challenging. On larger scales, heterogeneity of soil properties can contribute to DNE observations. We conclude that there is an urgent need for precision measurements that are designed to quantify dynamic effects.
Optimum Median Filter Based on Crow Optimization Algorithm

يقترح مرشح متوسط ​​جديد يعتمد على خوارزميات تحسين الغراب (OMF) لتقليل ضوضاء الملح والفلفل العشوائية وتحسين جودة الصور ذات اللون الرمادي والملونة . الفكرة الرئيسية لهذا النهج هي أن أولا ، تقوم خوارزمية تحسين الأداء بالكشف عن وحدات البكسل الخاصة بالضوضاء ، واستبدالها بقيمة وسيطة مثالية تبعا لدالة الأداء. أخيرا ، تم استخدام نسبة القياس القصوى لنسبة الإشارة إلى الضوضاء (PSNR) ، والتشابه الهيكلي والخطأ المربع المطلق والخطأ التربيعي المتوسط ​​لاختبار أداء المرشحات المقترحة (المرشح الوسيط الأصلي والمحسن) المستخدمة في الكشف عن الضوضاء وإزالتها من الصور. يحقق المحاكاة استنادا إلى MATLAB R2019b والنتائج الحالية التي تفيد بأن المرشح المتوسط ​​المحسن مع خوارزمية تحسين الغراب أكثر فعالية من خوارزمية المرشح المتوسط ​​الأصلية ومرشحات لطرق حديثة ؛ أنها تبين أن العملية المقترحة قوية للحد من مشكلة الخطأ وإزالة الضوضاء بسبب مرشح عامل التصفية المتوسط ​​؛ ستظهر النتائج عن طريق تقليل الخطأ التربيعي المتوسط ​​إلى أدنى أو أقل من (1.5) ، والخطأ المطلق للتساوي (0.22) ,والتشابه الهيكلي اكثر من ( 95%) والحصول على PSNR أكثر من 45dB). ) وبنسبة تحسين ( 25%) .
Morris, Stephen and Seymour, Kathy and Limmer, Haylely (2018) Research protocol: Evaluating the impact of Eedi formative assessment online plat- form (formerly Diagnostic Questions or DQ) on attainment in mathematics at GCSE

This paper describes a cluster randomised controlled trial designed to test the efficacy of Eedi, a formative question setting and diagnostic digital platform, on attainment in mathematics at GCSE as well as its impact on teacher workload. The study is a pragmatic two arm trial that aims to randomise 180 English secondary schools to intervention and control (business as usual) conditions. The intervention is targeted at Year 10 pupils (aged 14-15 years) and their teachers commencing study of GCSE mathematics from September 2018 and will run for two years. The study is due to report at the end of 2021.
Dynamic Analysis of the Scraper Conveyor under Abnormal Operating Conditions Based on the Vibration and Speed Characteristics

The scraper conveyor is the key coal transportation equipment on the coal mining face. The conveyor often encounters the influence of abnormal working conditions, such as stuck chains, broken chains, and impact loads, which have a great effect on the smooth operation of the scraper chain and seriously affect the safety of coal production. If the chain breaks during the test, the broken link may fly out and hurt the tester. The test risk of the scraper conveyor under abnormal working conditions is relatively large; hence, the test research is impossible to carry out. The combination of experiment and simulation is used to carry out the research. The dynamic characteristic test bed of the chain drive system is created to collect the speed of the sprocket and the acceleration of the scraper. The two groups of data are obtained by simulation, and the accuracy of the simulation is verified by comparing the test data with the simulation data. The dynamic characteristics of the chain drive system under abnormal working conditions are analyzed by simulation. Results show that the longitudinal velocity of the link dramatically changes, the contact force increases by 5.4 times, and the link vibrates under impact loads. When the chain is stuck, the speed of the running direction suddenly changes, and the chainring vibrates. The contact force between the chainrings increases by 7.2 times compared with the smooth operation. When the chain is broken, the acceleration in the running direction of the link dramatically changes. This study provides a basis and reference for the further optimization design of the chain drive system and detection of the abnormal working conditions.
Comparative study of particle size analysis of hydroxyapatite-based nanomaterials

The purpose of this work was to compare hydroxyapatite (HAP) and composites of HAP, HAP with chitosan (CS), and HAP with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), in terms of their particle size and morphology, using different methods, such as Coulter counter analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Although many researchers have studied HAP and CS/HAP and PVP/HAP composites extensively, there is no evidence of a comparative study of their particle sizes. For this reason, different complementary methods have been used so as to provide a more complete image of final product properties — particle size — from the perspective of possible applications. The syntheses of HAP and HAP with polymer nanoparticles were carried out employing a precipitation method. Variation in particle size with synthesis time and influence of the reactants’ concentration on the materials’ preparation were systematically explored. Crystallite size calculated from XRD data revealed nanosized particles of HAP, CS/HAP, and PVP/HAP materials in the range of 2.5–9.2 nm. Coulter counter analysis revealed mean particle sizes of one thousand orders of magnitude larger, confirming that this technique measures agglomerates, not individual particles. In addition, the particles’ morphology and an assessment of their binding mode were completed by TEM measurements.