Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The frequency domain causality analysis between energy consumption and income in the United States

Atraves do teste de casualidade de Granger, nos investigamos o dominio de frequencia entre o consumo primario de energia/eletricidade e o produto interno bruto (PIB) dos Estados Unidos; aplicando a abordagem de Lemmens et al. (2008) e cobrindo o periodo entre Janeiro de 1973 a Dezembro de 2008. Nos achamos relacoes causal e causal reversa entre o consumo primario de energia e PIB, e o consumo de eletricidade e PIB variam atraves das frequencias. Nossa contribuicao unica na literatura existente reside na decomposicao da causalidade com base em horizontes de tempo e demonstracao bi-direcional de causalidade de curto prazo, medio-prazo e longo-prazo entre PIB e consumo primario de energia/eletricidade e assim provendo evidencia para a "feedback hypothesis". Estes resultados tem importantes implicacoes para o planejamento energertico de curto, medio e longo prazo dos Estados Unidos e politicas relacionadas ao crescimento economico.
Statistical analysis of modal gating in ion channels

Ion channels regulate the concentrations of ions within cells. By stochastically opening and closing its pore, they enable or prevent ions from crossing the cell membrane. However, rather than opening with a constant probability, many ion channels switch between several different levels of activity even if the experimental conditions are unchanged. This phenomenon is known as modal gating: instead of directly adapting its activity, the channel seems to mix sojourns in active and inactive modes in order to exhibit intermediate open probabilities. Evidence is accumulating that modal gating rather than modulation of opening and closing at a faster time scale is the primary regulatory mechanism of ion channels. However, currently, no method is available for reliably calculating sojourns in different modes. In order to address this challenge, we develop a statistical framework for segmenting single-channel datasets into segments that are characteristic for particular modes. The algorithm finds the number of mode changes, detects their locations and infers the open probabilities of the modes. We apply our approach to data from the inositol-trisphosphate receptor. Based upon these results, we propose that mode changes originate from alternative conformational states of the channel protein that determine a certain level of channel activity.
The impact of information on behavior under an ambient‐based policy for regulating nonpoint source pollution

Stemming from Segerson [1988], literature on nonpoint source pollution shows that ambient‐based regulatory policies can induce polluters in a common watershed to comply with an exogenously determined pollution standard. This study uses laboratory economic experiments in a spatially heterogeneous setting to test the effectiveness of an ambient tax/subsidy policy in a setting with realistic in‐stream nutrient transport dynamics when varying levels of sensor information on ambient pollution are available to the agents and the regulator. We find that increasing the frequency of ambient monitoring improves the spatial allocation of emissions reductions. In particular, with more frequent monitoring, the ambient‐based policy induces firms further from the monitoring point to reduce emissions significantly more than downstream firms. Overall, the results suggest that enhanced temporal resolution of monitoring leads to efficiency gains.
How Does a Principal Use Kentucky's High Stakes Assessment To Monitor and Improve Student Learning?

This paper explores Kentucky's Education Reform Act (KERA) for improving at-risk students' scores to see if the strategies in one middle school improved standardized and state-performance-based assessment results. The study encompasses two purposes: to use a forced-entry regression model to detect which independent variables were predictors of success for "at-risk" students on the Kentucky Instructional Results Information System (KIRIS), and to offer an analytic model for principals to use in examining the impact of specific school reform initiatives and selected intervention strategies. The paper offers a literature review that discusses Effective Schools research, explains the background for KERA and KIRIS, and then describes the basis for the specific strategies addressed in a particular school for improving at-risk students' scores. Results indicate a surprising contrast between two remedial programs: Title I and ESS. The paper presents two models that could be imitated by other schools and school councils in examining strategies for improving school results. (Contains 54 references.) (RJM) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** HOW DOES A PRINCIPAL USE KENTUCKY'S HIGH STAKES ASSESSMENT TO MONITOR AND IMPROVE STUDENT LEARNING? By Ora Cobb, Jr., Superintendent Bellevue (KY), Ind. S.D. Jane Clark Lind le, Ph.D., Associate Professor & Codirector University of Kentucky/University of Louisville Joint Center for the Study of Educational Policy 101 Taylor Education Building Lexington, KY 40506-0001 (606)257-6734 FAX: (606)323-9799 E-mail: kera@pop.uky. edu James S. Rinehart, Ph.D., Associate Professor Department of Administration & Supervision University of Kentucky 111 Dickey Hall Lexington, KY 40506-0017 (606)257-8921 FAX: (606)257-1015 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office gkEdncationat Research and Improvement EDU IONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) his document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 1:1 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY 1 TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) A paper presented at the American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting, San Diego, April 1998. Please do not quote or cite without the authors' permission.
Greek host community acculturation expectations towards immigrants from Albania and Pakistan: The role of existential parameters

The idea of personal death causes a sense of uncertainty and threat against our ontological security. Terror management theory proposes that, when confronted with existential anxiety, we tend to seek safety through explicit (post-mortem expectations) and implicit/symbolic immortality (cultural worldviews). This study aims to explore the role of existential parameters in the Greek host community acculturation expectations towards immigrants from Albania and Pakistan. Participants were 208 Greek university students. Exposure to mortality salience was introduced in the experimental group by administering the Mortality Attitudes Personality Survey, while participants of the control group responded to a questionnaire about TV watching. Measures for both groups included the Host Community Acculturation Scale and the Connection of the Soul Scale. It was found that host community acculturation expectations were not affected by experimental exposure to mortality salience but they were related to post-mortem expectations. Specifically, post-mortem expectations for connection with God were associated with acculturation expectations for individualism (positively), segregation and marginalization (negatively) of immigrants from Albania, while post-mortem expectations for connection with the universe were linked to expectations for integration of this immigrant group. With regards to immigrants from Pakistan, segregation was positively related to the connection with God. The findings suggest that host community acculturation expectations of Greeks are related to existential anxiety as a trait rather than as a state.
Emerging theories and technologies on computational imaging

Computational imaging describes the whole imaging process from the perspective of light transport and information transmission, features traditional optical computing capabilities, and assists in breaking through the limitations of visual information recording. Progress in computational imaging promotes the development of diverse basic and applied disciplines. In this review, we provide an overview of the fundamental principles and methods in computational imaging, the history of this field, and the important roles that it plays in the development of science. We review the most recent and promising advances in computational imaging, from the perspective of different dimensions of visual signals, including spatial dimension, temporal dimension, angular dimension, spectral dimension, and phase. We also discuss some topics worth studying for future developments in computational imaging.
A reliable and energy-efficient storage system with erasure coding cache

In modern energy-saving replication storage systems, a primary group of disks is always powered up to serve incoming requests while other disks are often spun down to save energy during slack periods. However, since new writes cannot be immediately synchronized into all disks, system reliability is degraded. In this paper, we develop a high-reliability and energy-efficient replication storage system, named RERAID, based on RAID10. RERAID employs part of the free space in the primary disk group and uses erasure coding to construct a code cache at the front end to absorb new writes. Since code cache supports failure recovery of two or more disks by using erasure coding, RERAID guarantees a reliability comparable with that of the RAID10 storage system. In addition, we develop an algorithm, called erasure coding write (ECW), to buffer many small random writes into a few large writes, which are then written to the code cache in a parallel fashion sequentially to improve the write performance. Experimental results show that RERAID significantly improves write performance and saves more energy than existing solutions.
KINEMATICS OF A GRASPING ARTICULATED MECHANICAL HAND

The present investigation deals with the representation of the geometrical and kinematical states of a robotic hand constituted from an arborescent system. Closed loops Constraints are integrated whenever a capture of objects is confronted. In order to highlight the singularities, the hand kinematical analysis is carried out in free movement without contact. The incorporation of the various kinematical constraints corresponding to different types of contact are studied afterwards. The contact points are determined through the application of the inverse geometric model of the active chain. Finally, the study is illustrated with an application consisting of a hand with four fingers enabling the grasping of diverse objects. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.mech. 19.2. 4148
Application of allozyme markers for screening of turbot populations along Western Black Sea coast

Data for electrophoretic pattern of 26 loci, resolved for the 8 protein systems (7- enzyme and 1-non-enzyme) assayed were used to investigate population structure of turbot along the Bulgarian and Romanian Black Sea coasts using genetic diversity measures. Seventeen loci were polymorphic in all populations and a total of 34 alleles were identified. Four types of tissue: muscle, retina, plasma and haemoglobin were analyzed. The percentage of polymorphic loci was high (65.38%) within populations. A low level of genetic differentiation among populations was detected, based on the Shannon's information index (0.446-0.448) and the coefficient of genetic differentiation between populations (FST =0.014). The overall mean of within-population inbreeding estimate (FIS) was (-0.209) and demonstrated low level of inbreeding. The genetic distance (DNei) between the populations was low and vary between 0.003 and 0.014. Genetic distances among turbot populations were positively correlated with geographic distances (r = 0.474), but the association was not significant according to the Mantel test (p=0.651) and showed a lack of correlation between genetic distance and the geographic location of populations. Results identified one genetic stock with sufficient gene flow between all the three sites to prevent genetic differentiation from occurring. Only 1.4% of the genetic variation was observed among populations. Results revealed that adopting a single stock model and regional shared management could probably be appropriate for sustainable long-term use of turbot along western Black Sea coast. Determination of the contemporary state of the population distribution will be the prerequisite for determination of adequate measures for exploitation and protection of the existing turbot populations along western Black Sea coast.
Investigating the Effect of Heterogeneity on Buckley-Leverett Flow Model

The performance of water flooding can be investigated by using either detail numerical modeling or simulation, or simply through the analytical Buckley-Leverett (BL) model. The Buckley-Leverett analytical technique can be applied to one-dimensional homogeneous systems. In this paper, the impact of heterogeneity on water flooding performance and fractional flow curve is investigated. First, a base one-dimensional numerical model is considered and then the numerical model is made and validated through comparison with the Buckley-Leverett fractional flow equation. Then, the model is extended to two dimensions and heterogeneity is incorporated in the modeling by using six different heterogeneous models. In particular, distributions for permeability values are considered. Fractional flow curves and water flooding performances are investigated for each individual model. A modification in the Buckley-Leverett fractional flow equation is discussed in order to consider the heterogeneity effects.
Hypoplastic Cam-clay model

A rearrangement of the hypoplastic constitutive equation is proposed that enables the incorporation of an asymptotic state boundary surface of an arbitrary predefined shape into the model, with any corresponding asymptotic strain-rate direction. This opens the way for further development of hypoplastic models. To demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed approach, a hypoplastic equivalent of the modified Cam-clay model is developed. A comparison of the predictions of the elasto-plastic and hypoplastic models reveals the merits of the hypoplastic formulation. Although both models predict the same asymptotic states, hypoplasticity predicts a smooth transition between overconsolidated and normally consolidated states, and thus accounts for the non-linearity of the soil behaviour inside the state boundary surface in a natural manner.
Risk Analysis of Gas Hydrate Formation during Deepwater Gas Well Testing

During deep-water gas wells testing period, predicting the generating zone of hydrate precisely in the whole flow range (bore holes and surface flow lines) is the key prerequisite of guarantee for testing flow. The unusual deep-water environment and low gas density make it easy to meet the conditions of hydrate generation during deep-water gas wells testing period, such as low temperature and high pressure, especially under the testing conditions, for instance, near mud line, surface chock line, low gas generating rate and surface shut-in. Wherefore, in view of all the operational modes during testing period (clean-out, variable rate flow, downhole and surface shut-in), based on temperature field of the whole flow range and phase equilibrium condition of hydrate, predicting method of hydrate generation zone is published; by taking enthalpy as the object of study, temperature calculation model increases the accuracy of temperature prediction; by integration of bore holes and surface lines, predicting plate of hydrate generation in the whole flow range is published. During flow period, the generating condition of hydrate is affected by rate of flow, and the lower the rate of flow is, the wider the hydrate generation zone is; during the stage of shut-in and initial flow, if pressure of strings is higher and temperature is lower, risk of hydrate generation will be greater and hydrate generation zone will be larger, so relevant actions should be taken to restrain hydrate generation.
Mediating Role of Organizational and Behavioral Factors between Visionand Retention Cognition of Knowledge Workers

This article reported the findings of vision impact on the retention cognition of knowledge workers with the mediating role of human resource practices, organization culture, commitment, and communication. While the analysis was based on the data collected from the 125 knowledge workers of service providing organizations working in Islamabad, Pakistan. The study found that vision has positive significant impact on the knowledge workers retention cognition, while organization culture, and commitment had full mediation between vision and knowledge workers retention cognition, but human resource and communication had partial mediation between vision and knowledge workers retention cognition. For further elaborative analysis multiple serial mediation method was used, and it was found that all the mediators have significant mediating role between vision and retention cognition of knowledge workers. While academic and managerial implications are included in discussion and conclusion part.
The development of the Meaning in Life Index (MILI) and its relationship with personality and religious behaviours and beliefs among UK undergraduate students

The scales available for assessing meaning in life appear to be confounded with several related constructs, including purpose in life, satisfaction with life, and goal-directed behaviour. The Meaning in Life Index (MILI), a new instrument devised as a specific measure of meaning in life, was developed from responses to a pool of 22 items rated by a sample of 501 undergraduate students in Wales. The nine-item scale demonstrated sufficient face validity, internal consistency, and scale reliability to commend the instrument for future use. With respect to personality, the MILI scores were most strongly predicted by neuroticism (negatively), and less strongly by extraversion (positively) and psychoticism (negatively). With respect to several religious behavioural variables, those who attended church at least weekly returned significantly higher MILI scores than those who attended church less frequently. Intrinsic religiosity was the only orientation to be significantly associated with the MILI scale scores, although the magnitude of the association was smaller than anticipated. These results suggest that meaning in life is associated more strongly with individual differences in personality than with specific religious behaviours and attitudes. The implications of these results are discussed in terms of individual's personal values and attitudes that might underlie their experience of a meaning in life.
Evaluation of Himawari-8 surface downwelling solar radiation by SKYNET observations

Observations from the new Japanese geostationary satellite Himawari-8 permit quasi-real-time estimation of global shortwave radiation at an unprecedented temporal resolution. However, accurate comparisons with ground truthing observations are essential to assess their uncertainty. In this study, we evaluated the Himawari-8 global radiation product AMATERASS using observations recorded at four SKYNET stations in Japan and, for certain analyses, from the surface network of the Japanese Meteorological Agency in 2016. We found that the spatiotemporal variability of the satellite estimates was smaller than that of the ground observations; variability decreased with increases in the time step and spatial domain. Cloud variability was the main source of uncertainty in the satellite radiation estimates, followed by direct effects caused by aerosols and bright albedo. Under all-sky conditions, good agreement was found between satellite and ground-based data, with a mean bias in the range of 20–30 W/m 2 (i.e., AMATERASS overestimated ground observations) and a root mean square error of approximately 80 W/m 2 . However, results depended on the time step used in the validation exercise and on the spatial domain. We also detected a limited overestimation in the number of clear-sky episodes, particularly at the pixel level. Overall, satellite-based estimates were higher under overcast conditions, whereas frequent episodes of cloud-induced enhanced surface radiation (i.e., measured radiation was greater than expected clear-sky radiation) tended to reduce this difference. Finally, the total mean bias was reduced to approximately 10–15 W/m 2 under clear-sky conditions, mainly because of overall instantaneous direct aerosol forcing efficiency in the range of 120–150 W/m 2 per unit of aerosol optical depth (AOD). A seasonal anti-correlation between AOD and global radiation differences was evident at all stations and was also observed within the diurnal cycle.
Full-disk nonlinear force-free field extrapolation of SDO/HMI and SOLIS/VSM magnetograms

Context. The magnetic field configuration is essential for understanding solar explosive phenomena, such as flares and coronal mass ejections. To overcome the unavailability of coronal magnetic field measurements, photospheric magnetic field vector data can be used to reconstruct the coronal field. Two complications of this approach are that the measured photospheric magnetic field is not force-free and that one has to apply a preprocessing routine to achieve boundary conditions suitable for the force-free modeling. Furthermore the nonlinear force-free extrapolation code should take uncertainties into account in the photospheric field data. They occur due to noise, incomplete inversions, or azimuth ambiguity-removing techniques. Aims. Extrapolation codes in Cartesian geometry for modeling the magnetic field in the corona do not take the curvature of the Sun’s surface into account and can only be applied to relatively small areas, e.g., a single active region. Here we apply a method for nonlinear force-free coronal magnetic field modeling and preprocessing of photospheric vector magnetograms in spherical geometry using the optimization procedure to full disk vector magnetograms. We compare the analysis of the photospheric magnetic field and subsequent force-free modeling based on full-disk vector maps from Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard the solar dynamics observatory (SDO) and Vector Spectromagnetograph (VSM) of the Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun (SOLIS). Methods. We used HMI and VSM photospheric magnetic field measurements to model the force-free coronal field above multiple solar active regions, assuming magnetic forces to dominate. We solved the nonlinear force-free field equations by minimizing a functional in spherical coordinates over a full disk and excluding the poles. After searching for the optimum modeling parameters for the particular data sets, we compared the resulting nonlinear force-free model fields. We compared quantities, such as the total magnetic energy content, free magnetic energy, the longitudinal distribution of the magnetic pressure, and surface electric current density, using our spherical geometry extrapolation code. Results. The magnetic field lines obtained from nonlinear force-free extrapolation based on HMI and VSM data show good agreement. However, the nonlinear force-free extrapolation based on HMI data contain more total magnetic energy, free magnetic energy, the longitudinal distribution of the magnetic pressure, and surface electric current density than do the VSM data.