Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New approaches to dynamic equivalent of active distribution network for transient analysis

With the increasing amount of distributed generators at the distribution level, the dynamic behavior of active distribution networks (ADNs) will have a more significant influence on the overall electrical system. To perform transient analysis of such a large and complex system, it is neither practical nor necessary to apply a fully detailed system model. A technique for obtaining highly accurate yet simple equivalents for ADNs is becoming increasingly important. In this dissertation, three original equivalent models are proposed to cover the challenges posed by the size and complexity of power system transient analysis. A fixed-structure dynamic equivalent model (FDEM) is proposed by integrating four individual equivalent models (IEMs), which are derived from approximation of the physical models of electrical equipment. The FDEM appears as a sixthorder state space, which is much less complex than the original systems. It can be easily integrated into different tools as a modular component with to-be-edited parameters. The derivation of the IEMs and FDEM presents the first original contribution. An adaptive dynamic equivalent model (ADEM) is proposed by formulating an equivalence problem in terms of a Markov decision process problem, which is solved using a machine learning algorithm based on reinforcement learning. The structure of the ADEM is adaptive depending on measured data and it can be directly applied for on-line applications. It keeps not only a simple equivalent model form but also brings flexibility for an equivalent model structure. The transformation of the equivalence problem to Markov decision process problem and the learning skills of the ADEM are the second original contribution. A random forest-based dynamic equivalent model (RF-DEM) is proposed by introducing randomized learning framework with feedbacks from outputs, which
A Framework for Assessing the Adequacy and Effectiveness of software development methodologies

A framework for evaluating software development methodologies is described. Beginning with the issue of what constitutes a methodology, an evaluation procedure is presented that exploits defined linkages among objectives, principles, and attributes intrinsic to the software development process. The evaluation of software development methodologies reflects an assessment structured by the needs, process, and product sequence for system development. Linkages are defined from recognized software engineering sources, providing a foundation for both objective and subjective "analysis" of a given methodology. Application of the evaluation procedure to two software development methodologies currently used by the United States Navy establishes feasibility of the framework and reveals the inherent power of the evaluation procedure.
Electrochemical fabrication of transparent nickel hydroxide nanostructures with tunable superhydrophobicity/superhydrophilicity for 2D microchannels application

In order to survive in the harsh environments, natural creatures evolve unique wettability properties, for example, lotus leaf exhibits extreme water-repellency and Namib Desert beetle displays high wetting contrast patterns. Inspired by these natural creatures, a multifunctional surface which owns superhydrophobicity, widely tunable wettability (i.e. between superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic) and non-degraded transparency is developed. A facile and cost-effective approach via stepwise electrodeposition of nanosponge-like nickel hydroxide with the aid of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of non-fluorinated silane is introduced to well manipulate the pore size and surface energy. The exposed hydroxide ligands of nickel hydroxide films enhance water penetration and SAMs adsorption and thereby achieve tunable wettability from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic. Meanwhile, the nanoscale roughness and sub-wavelength pore size of the films help maintain their optical transparency. The effectiveness of these achieved functions is demonstrated on the transparent 2D microfluidic channel fabricated by a simple electrochemical attach–detach patterning technique, which shows a fast flow speed of 5 mm s−1 because of the strong capillary force.
Realization of a multi-layer EIT-system

Abstract Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is an imaging technique used for monitoring of ventilation distribution in the lung. Small alternating currents are injected and resulting voltages are measured on the body surface with electrodes fixed around the thorax. Two-dimensional EIT (2D-EIT) is the most common technique in clinical applications but enables visualization of only one horizontal slice of the thorax. However, additional information in the cranio-caudal direction is necessary to more comprehensively assess the ventilation distribution. 3D-EIT systems address this issue, but clinically approved systems are not yet available. The aim of this study is to realize a multi-layer EIT-system with several electrode planes. An approved EIT system functions as basis for this development (PulmoVista 500, Dräger, Lübeck, Germany). Two planes were used for the technical realization of the multi-layer EIT-system. The alternation between the planes was realised using analog switches, which were controlled via a frequency generator and transfer the injected current and the measured voltages between the different electrode planes and the EIT device. The multi-layer EIT-System was applied to a phantom tank for first pilot measurements. Results on the phantom tank with non-conductive targets at different heights reveal that the system is capable of providing information in the cranio-caudal direction. The high frame rates of EIT images combined with the high switching speed of the used analog switches enable real-time acquisition of ventilation at different thoracic planes. Thus, the modified EIT device makes it possible to comprehensively monitor the redistribution of air in the lungs during a breathing cycle, not only in a single plane, but also in the cranio-caudal direction.
Yoga and lumbar disc degeneration disease: MR imaging based case control study

Yoga is a popular exercise with evidence of various physical and psychological benefits. However, most of these studies are based on subjective scales. To our knowledge, there are very few original studies on MRI analyses of yoga practicing individuals at present. Here we conducted a MRI-based case-control study of yoga and lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD). Eighteen yoga instructors were enrolled in our study and other 18 asymptomatic cases were randomly selected from our health check up database as control group. All lumbar discs of these cases were graded by using MRI and analyzed statistically. The mean practice period is 12.9±7.5 in yoga group. The median grading of the L1/2, L2/3, L3/4, L4/5, L5/S1 and the 90 lumbar discs was 2 (3,2), 2 (3,2), 3 (3,1), 3 (4,1), 2 (4,1), 2 (4,1) in yoga group and 2 (3,2), 2.5 (4,2), 3 (4,1), 3 (4,1), 3 (4,1), 3 (4,1) in control group, respectively. The median grading of the 90 discs was significantly lower in the yoga group than in the control group. The median grading of the L2-3 and L3-4 discs was significantly lower in the yoga group than in the control group. The grading of DDD was lower in the study group that had practiced yoga for more than 10 years as compared to the control group.
Design Approach of Biologically-Inspired Musculoskeletal

In order to realize more natural and various motions like humans, humanlike musculoskeletal tendon-driven humanoids have been studied. Especially, it is very challenging to design musculoskeletal body structure which consists of complicated bones, redundant powerful and flexible muscles, and large number of distributed sensors. In addition, it is very challenging to reveal humanlike intelligence to manage these complicated musculoskeletal body structure. This paper sums up life-sized musculoskeletal humanoids Kenta, Kotaro, Kenzoh and Kenshiro which we have developed so far, and describes key technologies to develop and control these robots.
RESPONSES OF DUNG BEETLE ASSEMBLAGES TO CHARACTERISTICS OF RAIN FOREST EDGES

The widespread creation of habitat edges resulting from habitat fragmentation has recently stimulated studies on edge effects and their consequences for biodiversity. Edge effects are quite variable, depending on the type of edges, the patterns of abiotic environmental gradients, and the biotic community. In this study, abundance, species richness, and the distribution of scarabaeine dung beetles were examined at a sharply demarcated rain forest - savanna edge (SEF) and at an anthropogenic edge along a road (RSF) in Paracou, French Guiana. Species richness and abundance in SEF were significantly positively correlated with distance from the edge. In RSF, a similar pattern was observed for abundance only. Patterns of faunal changes were similar to the patterns of the microclimatic and vegetation structure variables. Community analyses showed a clear segregation between both open habitat and forest assemblages. The majority of the most common species in SEF were negatively affected at the edge. Two species that were positively affected were also abundant in savanna. The majority of the common species in RSF were not affected, whereas none of the common species in roadside habitat penetrated into the forest. Higher abundances in deep edge-forest than in interior forest for 10 common species suggest that an edge effect may also be present at a larger scale. Accepted 16 October 2007.
Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from 18S rDNA, rbcL, and atpB sequences

Abstract A phylogenetic analysis of a combined data set for 560 angiosperms and seven outgroups based on three genes, 18S rDNA (1855 bp), rbcL (1428 bp), and atpB (1450 bp) representing a total of 4733 bp is presented. Parsimony analysis was expedited by use of a new computer program, the RATCHET. Parsimony jackknifing was performed to assess the support of clades. The combination of three data sets for numerous species has resulted in the most highly resolved and strongly supported topology yet obtained for angiosperms. In contrast to previous analyses based on single genes, much of the spine of the tree and most of the larger clades receive jackknife support ≥50%. Some of the noneudicots form a grade followed by a strongly supported eudicot clade. The early-branching angiosperms are Amborellaceae, Nymphaeaceae, and a clade of Austrobaileyaceae, Illiciaceae, and SchiIsandraceae. The remaining noneudicots, except Ceratophyllaceae, form a weakly supported core eumagnoliid clade comprising six well-supported subclades: Chloranthaceae, monocots, Winteraceae/Canellaceae, Piperales, Laurales, and Magnoliales. Ceratophyllaceae are sister to the eudicots. Within the well-supported eudicot clade, the early-diverging eudicots (e.g. Proteales, Ranunculales, Trochodendraceae, Sabiaceae) form a grade, followed by the core eudicots, the monophyly of which is also strongly supported. The core eudicots comprise six well-supported subclades: (1) Berberidopsidaceae/Aextoxicaceae; (2) Myrothamnaceae/Gunneraceae; (3) Saxifragales, which are the sister to Vitaceae (including Leea ) plus a strongly supported eurosid clade; (4) Santalales; (5) Caryophyllales, to which Dilleniaceae are sister; and (6) an asterid clade. The relationships among these six subclades of core eudicots do not receive strong support. This large data set has also helped place a number of enigmatic angiosperm families, including Podostemaceae, Aphloiaceae, and Ixerbaceae. This analysis further illustrates the tractability of large data sets and supports a recent, phylogenetically based, ordinal-level reclassification of the angiosperms based largely, but not exclusively, on molecular (DNA sequence) data.
Structural Equation Modeling in Educational Research: Concepts and Applications

Spurious interaction effects have been an issue of concern in regression analysis, and the inclusion of quadratic terms has been advised in previous research to cope with that problem. However, some of these remedies were recommended on an adhoc basis, and a more systematic analysis of the problem was lacking. In this paper, a theoretical argument is developed which shows that under certain assumptions the use of quadratic effects is indeed sufficient to adjust for spurious interaction. Spurious interaction is further studied for latent variable models, and it is shown that the use of additional quadratic terms can provide a remedy against spurious interaction that is caused by nonnormal predictor variables. An empirical example is presented that illustrates the use of quadratic terms in combination with the LMS method for the analysis of latent interaction effects.
Lower‐ and Higher‐Order Nonclassical Properties of Photon Added and Subtracted Displaced Fock States

Nonclassical properties of photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states are studied using various witnesses of lower‐ and higher‐order nonclassicality. Compact analytic expressions are obtained for the nonclassicality witnesses. Using those expressions, it is established that these states and the states that can be obtained as their limiting cases (except coherent states) are highly nonclassical as they show the existence of lower‐ and higher‐order antibunching and sub‐Poissonian photon statistics, in addition to the nonclassical features revealed through the Mandel QM parameter, zeros of Q function, Klyshko's criterion, and Agarwal–Tara criterion. Further, some comparison between the nonclassicality of photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states have been performed using witnesses of nonclassicality. This has established that between the two types of non‐Gaussianity inducing operations (i.e., photon addition and subtraction) used here, photon addition influences the nonclassical properties more strongly. Further, optical designs for the generation of photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states from squeezed vacuum state have also been proposed.
Inner Speech and Executive Functioning 2

Purpose: According to Vygotskian theory, verbal thinking serves to guide our behavior and underpins critical self-regulatory functions. Indeed, numerous studies now link inner speech usage with performance on tests of executive function. However, the selectivity of inner speech contributions to multi-factorial executive planning performance and links with real-world functioning are limited. Therefore, the present study seeks to fill this gap in our knowledge. Method: Fifty-one adults completed the Tower of London under two conditions: (1) articulatory suppression and (2) foot tapping as well as self-ratings of realworld executive functioning (utilizing the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version). Results: Interfering with inner speech selectively disrupted Tower of London performance over and above a simultaneous motor task (i.e., foot tapping). Furthermore, this selectivity in performance was linked with real-world self-monitoring. Conclusion: These results provide further evidence for specific links between verbal thinking and executive function (particularly using multifactorial tasks of planning) and suggest that inner speech might serve as a key intervention target in clinical disorders where executive function deficits are prominent.
Adaptive nonlinear regulation: equation error from the Lyapunov equation

An adaptive controller for nonlinear, linearly parameterized systems is presented. The new features introduced in the design are: (1) parameter estimation is performed on the scalar Lyapunov equation instead of the n-dimensional equation of the system itself. This allows non-Lipschitz uncertainties to be tolerated, especially when the stabilizing laws are not feedback linearization plus linear control. (2) Double estimation is used. One estimate is used for the stabilizing control, and the other is used to cancel the perturbation terms introduced by the adaptation, if possible. This is proposed to solve the problem of the implicit definition of the controller which arises when one tries to do this cancellation. <<ETX>>
1 Improvement of performance , stability , and 2 continuity by modified size-consistent 3 multipartitioning QM / MM method 4

For condensed systems, the incorporation of quantum chemical solvent effects into 13 molecular dynamics simulations has been a major concern. To this end, quantum 14 mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) techniques are popular and powerful options to treat 15 gigantic systems. However, they cannot be directly applied because of temporal and spatial 16 discontinuity problems. To overcome these problems, in a previous study, we proposed a corrective 17 QM/MM method, size-consistent multipartitioning (SCMP) QM/MM, and successfully 18 demonstrated that, using SCMP, it is possible to perform stable molecular dynamics simulations by 19 effectively taking into account solvent quantum chemical effects. The SCMP method is characterized 20 by two original features: size-consistency of a QM region among all QM/MM partitioning and 21 partitioning update. However, in our previous study, the performance was not fully elicited 22 compared to the theoretical upper bound, and the optimal partitioning update protocol and 23 parameters were not fully verified. To elicit the potential performance, in the present study, we 24 simplified the theoretical framework and modified the partitioning protocol. 25
D Synthesis of Eco-Friendly Binders from Natural Resources Using Microwave and their Applications in Textile Printing

IFFERENT oil length alkyd resins based on sunflower were . prepared using microwave heating . the effect of oil length as well as using different catalysts on the . properties of alkyd resin such as acid value, Tg, solubility and IR data were evaluated. In case of using microwave heating the formation of alkyd resin occurred after 4560min, while on using conventional heating the reaction duration ranged from 8-10 hr. Also, the prepared alkyds and commercial binder were used separately in the formulation of pigment printing pastes, and the properties of printed fabrics using the prepared binders were found to be comparable with samples printed using the commercial binder.
EVOLUTION OF LONG-DISTANCE MIGRATION IN AND HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY OF CATHARUS THRUSHES: A MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC APPROACH

Abstract We addressed the evolution of long-distance migration in and the historical biogeography of Catharus thrushes within a phylogenetic framework. Catharus thrushes are a Nearctic–Neotropical genus consisting of five migrant and seven resident species. We reconstructed a molecular phylogeny using a combined analysis of cytochrome-b and ND2 genes. Phylogenetic reconstructions indicate the nonmonophyly of migratory Catharus species. The Neotropics are the most likely ancestral geographic area for the entire lineage, and migratory species are sister to resident taxa whose ranges are restricted to Central America, Mexico, or both. Resident behavior may be ancestral within the lineage, with migratory behavior evolving three times, although confidence in those reconstructions is equivocal in many cases. However, uncertainty in ancestral character states presents an interesting scenario including potential drop-offs of resident species from migratory ancestors.
A metaheuristic algorithm for the multi-depot vehicle routing problem with heterogeneous fleet

Article history: Received August 18 2017 Received in Revised Format August 25 2017 Accepted November 15 2017 Available online November 15 2017 This paper proposes a metaheuristic algorithm to solve the Multi-Depot Vehicle Routing Problem with a Heterogeneous Fleet (MDHFVRP). The problem consists of determining the customers and the vehicles to be assigned to each used depot and the routes to be performed to fulfill the demands of a set of customers. The objective is to minimize the sum of the fixed cost associated with the used vehicles and of the variable traveling costs related to the performed routes. The proposed approach is based on a modified genetic algorithm, which generates an initial population with heuristic solutions obtained from the well-known (LKH) heuristic algorithm for the TSP together with the solution of a mathematical model for the shortest path problem. In addition, two recombination methods and a mutation operator are considered. Computational experiments on benchmark instances show that the proposed algorithm can obtain high-quality solutions within short computing times. © 2018 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Constraining aerosol optical models using ground-based , collocated 1 par ticle size and mass measurements in var iable air mass regimes 2 dur ing the 7-SEAS / Dongsha Exper iment 3 4

41 During the spring of 2010, NASA Goddard's COMMIT ground-based mobile laboratory 42 was stationed on Dongsha Island off the southwest coast of Taiwan, in preparation for the 43 upcoming 2012 7-SEAS field campaign. The measurement period offered a unique opportunity 44 for conducting detailed investigations of the optical properties of aerosols associated with 45 different air mass regimes including background maritime and those contaminated by 46 anthropogenic air pollution and mineral dust. What appears to be the first time for this region, a 47 shortwave optical closure experiment for both scattering and absorption was attempted over a 48 12-day period during which aerosols exhibited the most change. Constraints to the optical model 49 included combined SMPS and APS number concentration data for a continuum of fine and 50 coarse-mode particle sizes up to PM2.5. We also take advantage of an IMPROVE chemical 51 sampler to help constrain aerosol composition and mass partitioning of key elemental species 52 including sea-salt, particulate organic matter, soil, non sea-salt sulphate, nitrate, and elemental 53 carbon. Our results demonstrate that the observed aerosol scattering and absorption for these 54 diverse air masses are reasonably captured by the model, where peak aerosol events and 55 transitions between key aerosols types are evident. Signatures of heavy polluted aerosol 56 composed mostly of ammonium and non sea-salt sulphate mixed with some dust with transitions 57 to background sea-salt conditions are apparent in the absorption data, which is particularly 58 reassuring owing to the large variability in the imaginary component of the refractive indices. 59 Extinctive features at significantly smaller time scales than the one-day sample period of 60 IMPROVE are more difficult to reproduce, as this requires further knowledge concerning the 61 source apportionment of major chemical components in the model. Consistency between the 62 measured and modeled optical parameters serves as an important link for advancing remote 63 sensing and climate research studies in dynamic aerosol-rich environments like Dongsha. 64