Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic significance of protein patterns of rust species and formae speciales obtained by disc electrophoresis1

Soluble uredospore proteins were isolated from physiologic races or isolates of Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae, P. graminis f. sp. secalis, P. graminis f. sp. tritici, P. recondita f. sp. secalis, P. recondita f. sp. tritici, P. coronata f. sp. avenae, and P. hordei. The protein extracts were subjected to polyacrylamide gel (disc) electrophoresis and the resulting patterns were compared.Patterns were assessed by two methods based on Ef values and by a third method based on subjective assessment of color intensity of stained proteins. Assessments based on Ef values differed for each method and were in almost total disagreement with conclusions derived by the third method.No useful inter-subspecific and interspecific comparisons were possible using Ef-based data because the host on which the rust was grown influenced the patterns. Evidence obtained by the third method of assessment contradicted this conclusion, for the host only appeared to influence color intensity and width of individual bands. Thus, usi.
Exploring the strategic intent of Tamil Nadu leather industry through content analysis and AHP

Abstract Leather industry in India, especially in Kanpur region has been dealt with sever allegations of non-compliance to industrial standards and other sustainable issues. This has led to the closure of large number of units resulting in a sharp decline in industrial performance. The majority of the population in Jajmau region in Kanpur deals with leather business and is presently unemployed. On the contrary, the industry in Tamil Nadu has been flourishing and the performance has increased during 2018 and 2019. Although ample work has been conducted in understanding the issues and remedial strategies of this industry, understanding the challenges from the viewpoint of business owners and providing weights to the remedial strategies still remains unexplored. This paper focuses on exploring the strategic intent of Tamil Nadu leather industry and how they have successfully implemented growth strategies. The data has been collected in the form of in-depth interviews from industry experts and respective theme has been identified using content analysis. The themes are then further provided weights by using Analytical Hierarchy Process technique. The results show that compliance with compliance to standards and norms which include production compliance, environmental compliance, establishing associations, social media networking, and individual reporting has been the top priority for the industry. The model developed in this study clearly shows the importance of respective strategies that have been successful in Tamil Nadu. This model can serve as a benchmark for the ever-declining Kanpur cluster and help them identify strategies that would be more efficient in the industry.
Decision-Making Support of Truck Selection: A Systematic Review

Trucks are attached to many industries in different sectors like an industrial equipment. For this reason, select a truck without consider the best attributes for the company could cause futures problems. Therefore, this article presents a systematic review of studies that approach quantitative and qualitative decision-making support methods and attributes that help on collecting of precision data. Thus, a framework was created to describe the factors and characteristics of studies, like the application types, hybrid models, sources and data validation. As result, 11 articles were selected from 893, published in English. And from the accepted articles valuation, multicriteria methods and a quality tool were found both applicated in decision-making support. Also, all the criteria, sub-criteria and attributes applicated by all the 11 authors in the methods were presented in this article and they were classified in 12 factors to simplify them.
Origin of Potentilla crantzii, P. verna and P. puberula (Rosaceae) with a note on the nomenclature of P. pusilla.

The mode of origin of Potentilla crantzii (quinate leaves) from the Asian P. gelida (ternate leaves) can be observed in Tien Shan and in mountains of southern Siberia even at present. Transitional forms between them also occur in the far North-East of Asian Russia and from the Ural to Norway. Potentilla puberula (P. pusilla according to contemporary authors) did not originate by hybridization between P. incana (P. arenaria) and P. verna (P. tabernaemontani), as is usually assumed. On the contrary, P. verna is derived from the hybrid species P. puberula, i.e., from the offspring of crosses between P. heptaphylla and P. incana. It arose from them by way of gradual loss of stellate and partly reduced stellate hairs. This process took place mainly in the past but may be documented reliably. The name P. pusillaHost 1831 has been used since 1949 for the hybrid plants mentioned. The monographer of the genus Wolf (1908: 601) studied its type specimen and ascertained that it has only simple hairs, determining it as P. verna L. The type specimen of P. pusilla is currently lost. The name is doubtful. It is recommended herein to replaced it with the name P. puberulaKrasan 1867 (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Incidence of Alternaria species in grains from mediterranean countries and their ability to produce mycotoxins

The genus Alternaria is ubiquitous and in? cludes both plant pathogenic and saprophytic species that may damage crops in the field or cause post harvest decay. Certain species are also capable of producing mycotoxins (Grifnn and Chu, 1987; Pero et al, 1973) which can contaminate plant products (Logrieco et al, 1988; Schroeder and Cole, 1977; Stinson et al, 1981). The six major alternaria toxins belong to three different structural classes: alternariol (AOH), alternariol methyl ether (AME) and altenuene (ALT) which are benzopyrone derivatives; altertoxin I and II (ATX-I and ATX-II) which are perylene derivatives; and tenuazonic acid (TA), a tetramic acid derivative. Cereal grains are frequently reported to be in? fected by several species of Alternaria, in partic? ular A. alternata Keisler, that can cause a disease called "black point," consisting of a discolora? tion ofthe germ and ofthe seed due to mycelium and spore mass (Bhowmik, 1969; Christensen and Kaufmann, 1965; Conner and Thomas, 1985; Machacek and Greaney, 1938). Recently, Verneal et al. (1984) isolated up to nine different Alternaria species in small grains from the U.S.A. and evaluated their ability to produce TA, AOH, and AME. In addition, amounts of AME and AOH have been found as natural contaminants in weathered grain sorghum (Seitz et al, 1975). During an investigation of the occurrence of Fusarium species and their toxins in grain from Mediterranean countries (Logrieco et al, un? publ.) we also had the opportunity to investigate the presence of Alternaria. In addition, their po? tential ability to produce alternaria toxins was evaluated on autoclaved rice and wheat.
Correlated morphological and genetic patterns in Embothrium coccineum (Proteaceae) across climate and geography: can Embothrium survive patagonian climate change?

Adaptive radiation and reproductive isolation can determine the biogeographic structure of any species. We examine patterns of biotic variation in Embothrium coccineum, a Proteaceae tree that spans 20° of latitude and is both morphologically and genetically highly variable. We aim to (1) explore the correspondence between these biotic patterns and current geographic and climatic gradients, and (2) determine whether and how those patterns are likely to respond to changing climate. We conducted separate principal component analyses on biotic and abiotic sets of variables for 34 populations of Embothrium coccineum, accounting for a large fraction of the total variation in each. We then used canonical correlation analyses to optimise the match of those gradients onto each other. Smaller, rounder leaves and particular alleles typify the colder and drier parts of the range, whereas larger, lanceolate leaves and other alleles typify warmer and moister areas. Finally, we mapped biotic profiles onto a predicted climatic landscape, on the basis of doubling of CO2 projections. The climatic regime is predicted to shift geographically, but this lineage has successfully responded to repeated and dramatic climatic shifts since the Oligocene, and it should also be able to move and adapt quickly enough to meet the present challenge. More generally, our analytic approach can be extended to analysis of biotic and abiotic patterns in other species facing climatic challenges. Where there is enough biogeographic variation to provide adaptively relevant substrate, and where propagule dispersal is sufficiently extensive to keep up with the pace of spatial climatic shift, such taxa should be able to cope with shifting climate.
Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems for Low-Altitude Aerial Surveys

Abstract Unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) are proposed as a useful alternative to manned aircraft for some aerial wildlife surveys. We described the components and current capabilities of a small UAS developed specifically for wildlife and ecological surveys that is currently in field use for a variety of applications. We also reviewed government regulations currently affecting the use of UASs in civilian airspace. Information on capabilities and regulations will be valuable for agencies and individuals interested in the potential UASs offer for monitoring wildlife populations and their habitat. Descriptions of current uses and recommendations for future employment will be helpful in implementing this technology efficiently for aerial surveys as the civilian sector begins to adopt UASs for peacetime missions.
Nycthemeral Variation in Intra-aural Temperature and Attention/Memory but not in Physical Vigor of Assiduous Members of a Fitness Club

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a daily (nycthemeral) variation of physical vigor in regular members of a fitness club. Physical vigor was quantified as the maximal number of repetitions of movements in a strength-training machine. For comparative purposes, intra-aural temperature and performance in an attention/memory task were also evaluated. All three variables were measured at 5 different times of day on different days in 25 members of a fitness club. Intra-aural temperature and attention/memory, but not physical vigor, were found to show significant variation across the five times of day. Analysis of the statistical power of the experimental design indicated that the lack of significant nycthemeral variation in physical vigor was due to the small effect size of the variable rather than to low statistical power.
A Thermal Time Model to Predict Corn Poppy (Papaver rhoeas) Emergence in Cereal Fields

Abstract Corn poppy is the most abundant broad-leaved weed in winter cereals of Mediterranean climate areas and causes important yield losses in wheat. Knowledge of the temporal pattern of emergence will contribute to optimize the timing of control measures, thus maximizing efficacy. The objectives of this research were to develop an emergence model on the basis of soil thermal time and validate it in several localities across Spain. To develop the model, monitoring of seedling emergence was performed weekly during the growing season in a cereal field located in northeastern Spain, during 3 yr. Cumulative thermal time from sowing date was used as the independent variable for predicting cumulative emergence. The Gompertz model was fitted to the data set of emergences. A base temperature of 1.0 C was estimated through iteration for maximum fit. The model accounted for 91% of the variation observed. Model validation in several localities and years showed general good performance in predicting corn poppy seedling emergence ( values ranging from 0.64 to 0.99 and root-mean-square error from 4.4 to 24.3). Ninety percent emergence was accurately predicted in most localities. Results showed that the model performs with greater reliability when significant rainfall (10 mm) occurs within 10 d after crop sowing. Complemented with in-field scouting, it may be a useful tool to better timing control measures in areas that are homogeneous enough regarding climate and crop management. Nomenclature: Corn poppy; Papaver rhoeas L.
Continuous and Fluctuating Leaf Phenology of Adults and Seedlings of a Shade‐tolerant Emergent Tree, Dipterocarpus sublamellatus, in Malaysia

Continuous leaf phenology, with sequential production of metamers, is usually found in pioneer species, but is rare in shade‐tolerant species. Because of the nature of ‘continuous’ growth, continuous phenology has seldom been related to meteorological factors. We studied the leaf demography of seedlings and tall trees of a shade‐tolerant emergent species, Dipterocarpus sublamellatus (Dipterocarpaceae), in Malaysia. Although leaf phenology of D. sublamellatus was classified as continuous, the rates of leaf production and leaf fall were not constant and greatly fluctuated during the census period. Seasonal patterns of leaf production and fall were not synchronized across tall trees in most combinations or between seedlings and tall trees. Mean number of leaves produced per month and its seasonal fluctuation were greater in tall trees than in seedlings. Moreover, relationships between leaf phenology and meteorological factors (monthly rainfall, net radiation, maximum and minimum temperature, and minimum relative humidity) differed among trees. This suggests that endogenous rhythms, i.e., differences in allocation of resources to growth and storage among trees, are important to fluctuations in leaf phenology. These patterns are in contrast to patterns found in various pioneer species with continuous phenology, in which rates of leaf production and fall are generally constant. Different patterns might be caused by differences in allocation to growth and storage between pioneer and shade‐tolerant species, and might be related to their regeneration strategies.
A revision and phylogenetic re-evaluation of the family Schizopodidae (Coleoptera, Buprestoidea)

The Schizopodidae (formerly subfamily Schizopodinae, family Buprestidae) is elevated to family status, based on a review of its morphology including wing venation, male and female genitalia, larvae, and also a cladistic analysis of in-group and out-group comparisions. Two tribes are recognized: Schizopodini LeConte with one genus, Schizopus LeConte and Dystaxiini Thery with two genera: Dystaxia LeConte and Glyptoscelimorpha Horn. The genus Schizopus contains two species: S. laetus LeConte and S. sallei Horn with one new subspecies, S. sallei nigricans Nelson. The genus Dystaxia includes two species: D. murrayi LeConte, and D. elegans Fall. The genus Glyptoscelimorpha is separated into two subgenera: G. (s. str.) with two species, G. marmorata Horn, and G. viridis Chamberlin; and G. (Dystaxiella) Knull, new status, with one species, G. (D.) juniperae (Knull), new combination, with a new subspecies, G. (D.) juniperae viridiceps Nelson. All taxa are described and information on variation, type localities, di.
Checklist for Determining Severity of Pain and Type and Dosage of Analgesics Administered to Patients Undergoing Breast Surgeries

Breast surgeries are associated with severe pain in people with breast cancer. After each surgery such as tumor removal, lymphadenectomy, and partial or complete mastectomy, such patients feel severe pain at the surgery site resulting from surgical incisions and stitching. During chemotherapy and radiotherapy, patients further feel severe edema and swelling in their breast, the axillary lymph nodes, along with the shoulder and arm of the affected hand since they may need invasive treatments or strong painkillers. Given that the survival rate of women with breast cancer is increasing due to the progress in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, it is quite essential to adopt measures to control postoperative pain (1,2). Although many drugs and procedures are available for managing postoperative pain, its control is not satisfactory (3). Thus, failure to identify pain intensity by the treatment team reduces the possibility of pain control and causes the patient to experience severe pains. In a study about pain evaluation and control, it was shown that 35%-55% of caregivers underestimate the severity of pain (4). Based on the above-mentioned explanation, it is quite necessary to develop a systematic checklist containing all factors affecting acute postoperative pain or any acute pain related to breast cancer in order to identify the type and dosage of analgesics administered to the patients. In addition, the existing checklists are unsuitable for the simplicity of the details and the type of pain that patients are afflicted with and the type of drug they need to receive. The main objective of the present study included the design, and psychometric and pilot execution of a checklist for determining the severity of pain and the type and dosage of analgesics administered to patients undergoing breast surgeries.
Beneficial influence of plant neighbours on tree growth in drained forested peatlands: a case study

In boreal forest, drainage can be successfully used to lower the water-table level of postharvest forested peatland stands suffering from watering-up. The later vegetation revival and growth is suspected to gradually create a water-table drawdown described in this study as biological drainage. Its effect on the annual stump diameter increment of planted eastern larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) and naturally regenerated black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) was studied on a postharvested and drained forested peatland located in eastern part of the Canadian boreal forest. A factor describing the neighbourhood occupancy of every subject tree was used to illustrate biological drainage in a retrospective growth analysis. Results showed the dual effect of the neighbourhood occupancy factor: competing situations close to the ditch and growth-favouring situations farther from it. In the latter case, the studied trees demonstrated better growth with moderately increasing neighbourhood occupancy. This was.
On a Remarkable Bacteriolytic Element Found in Tissues and Secretions

In this communication I wish to draw attention to a substance present in the tissues and secretions of the body, which is capable of rapidly dissolving certain bacteria. As this substance has properties akin to those of ferments I have called it a “Lysozyme,” and shall refer to it by this name throughout the communication. The lysozyme was first noticed during some investigations made on a patient suffering from acute coryza. The nasal secretion of this patient was cultivated daily on blood agar plates, and for the first three days of the infection there was no growth, with the exception of an occasional staphylococcus colony. The culture made from the nasal mucus on the fourth day showed in 24 hours a large number of small colonies which, on examination, proved to be large gram-positive cocci arranged irregularly but with a tendency to diplococcal and tetrad formation. It is necessary to give here a very brief description of this microbe as with it most of the experiments described below were done, and it was with it that the phenomena to be described were best manifested. The microbe has not been exactly identified, but for purposes of this communication it may be alluded to as the Micrococcus lysodeikticus .
Analysis of the Impacts of the Zebra Mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, on Nutrients, Water Clarity, and the Chlorophyll-Phosphorus Relationship in Lower Green Bay

ABSTRACT Zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha, invaded Green Bay, Lake Michigan in the early 1990s. In 1986, prior to zebra mussel invasion, the Green Bay Metropolitan Sewerage District initiated a long-term water quality monitoring program involving 12 stations in three distinct zones along a trophic gradient in lower Green Bay. We analyzed this data set pre and post invasion using various regression models to determine the impacts of the zebra mussel on water clarity, nutrient concentrations, and the relationship between chlorophyll and phosphorus in this system. Following zebra mussel invasion, Secchi depths did not change in all three zones. Chlorophyll a concentrations decreased post zebra mussels in all zones. These differences were attributed to the filter feeding abilities of zebra mussels. Lower Green Bay exhibits a strong trophic gradient and zebra mussel impacts on the chlorophyll-phosphorus relationship differed between the three zones. We saw no changes in the chlorophyll-phosphorus relationship in zone 1, zone 2 appeared to be a transition zone with slight changes in the chlorophyll-phosphorus relationship, and in zone 3 there was evidence of an altered chlorophyll-phosphorus relationship post zebra mussels. These results indicate that the impact of zebra mussels on water quality parameters and on chlorophyll-phosphorus dynamics may differ depending on initial trophic status and on zebra mussel densities.
Ultracytochemistry for Detection of O2- in Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes Using the Tetrazolium Method: Comparison of Various Tetrazolium Salts

The reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) produces diformazan which shows localization of superoxide anion (O2-) in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). The detection of O2- in PMN is performed exclusively by using a microscopic NBT test, while an ultracytochemical method in NBT has seldom been employed. The present study compared various tetrazolium salts, including nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), tetranitroblue tetrazolium (TNBT) and 2- (2′-benzothiazolyl) -5-styryl-3- (4′-phthalhydrazidyl) tetrazolium chloride (BSPT), by detecting O2- using a histochemical and an ultracytochemical method. Peripheral rabbit leukocytes which ingested opsonized zymosan were prepared for detection of O2-. The reacted leukocytes in each tetrazolium salt contained a reaction medium which was examined by light and electron microscopy. Each reaction of the tetrazolium salts took place in the phagosomal membrane. The color of formazan in the TNBT was black rather than dark purplish-blue, and darker than that of NBT. On the other hand, the reaction color of BSPT was purplish-red. The reaction formazans of NBT and TNBT were coarse and electron-dense by ultracytochemistry. Some of these diformazans were not associated with the membrane, while the formazan of BSPT demonstrated fine deposits and was electron-dense. These reaction products corresponded well with the membrane. These results suggest that BSPT could be employed for detection of O2- not only in the histochemical method but also in ultracytochemistry and can be used as a new method.