Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An identification of the products excreted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae aciplus mutants [acidifying growth media]

A series of 32 Saccharomyces cerevisiae aci + mutants (acidifying Ogur , s glucose medium supplemented with bromocresol purple) were isolated after EMS mutagenesis. Genetic analysis indicated that monogenic and recessive mutations are responsible for their phenotypes. Among the aci + mutants, 17 complementation groups were distinguished. Aci + mutants representing each of the seventeen complementation groups were analysed for their ability to grow on different carbon sources: fermentable (glucose) and non-fermentable (glycerol, ethanol, pyruvate, acetate, lactate). The growth test on different carbon sources showed that many mutants were unable to utilise non-fermentable carbon sources (particularly glycerol, acetate and ethanol). The mutants representing each complementation group were also analysed with regard to the products responsible for the decrease in the medium's pH. It was found that the mutants differed in this respect. The cells of most of these mutants, when suspended in distilled water, extruded protons (decreased pH) without glucose stimulation, even after prolonged starvation. Among the acid intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle the following three-and bi-carboxylic acids were identified by gas chromatography (GCMS): α-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, malate and citrate. Only two of the mutants excreted aconitate. One of the mutants excreted only α-ketoglutarate in an increased amount, and two of the mutants which acidified the media very strongly did not differ from the original strain. In the ER24 mutant, three genes complementing the mutant phenotype were isolated. These genes, when disrupted, like in the ER24 mutant, caused an excretion of an increased amounts of α-ketoglutarate and fumarate.
Genetic variation in endangered butter catfish, Ompok bimaculatus (bloch) populations revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting.

This study was conducted to provide baseline information on the genetic population structure of Ompok bimaculatus, an endangered catfish of Bangladesh. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting analysis was performed to assess the genetic variation in two wild (Chalan beel and Tola haor) and one hatchery (Brahmmaputra Fish Seed Complex-BFSC) populations of O. bimaculatus,. Five selected decamer random primers amplified a total of 34 RAPD bands among which 24 were found to be polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci, intra-population similarity indices, gene diversity and Shannon’s information indidex values were 64.71%, 77.57% , 0.249±0.216 and 0.365±0.303 for Chalan beel, 58.82%, 75.45%, 0.219±0.215 and 0.322±0.304 for Tola haor population and 52.94%, 86.49%, 0.214±0.219 and 0.311±0.312 for the hatchery, BFSC, respectively. The coefficient of population differentiation (PhiPT) between the Chalan beel - BFSC and Tola haor - BFSC pairs were found to be significant. The gene flow (Nm) between the population pairs ranged from 1.899 to 5.052. The highest inter-population similarity (Sij) was found between Chalan beel-BFSC populations. Among the three populations, the highest genetic distance (0.157) was found between Tola haor and the BFSC population. The results of the present study indicated a substantial level of genetic variation in the enangerd O. bimaculatus populations in Bangladesh and significant differentiation among the populations.
Cloacal microbiota of barn swallows from Northern Italy

Bird gut microbiota shows large variation among geographical populations of the same species – probably because, differently from mammals, gut microbiota of birds is largely affected by extrinsic factors such as diet and environmental conditions. We analysed the cloacal microbiota (CM) of 12 barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) from a colony in Northern Italy by high-throughput DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The CMs, dominated by bacteria of the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, did not significantly differ between adult females, adult males and fledglings. This first description of barn swallow CM in Italy, together with two previous studies from Europe, suggests that CMs of geographically different barn swallow populations are dominated by bacteria belonging to the same phyla but different genera. The intra-colony similarity of the CMs may be due to the exposure of individuals to the same local environmental conditions while on their breeding grounds.
Mise au point et évaluation d'une technique de PCR permettant la détection et le typage des entérovirus directement à partir de produits pathologiques ou d'échantillons environnementaux

Les enterovirus (EV) humains, membres de la famille des Picornaviridae, comprennent plus de 100 genotypes appartenant a 4 especes : Enterovirus A, B, C et D. Ces virus sont a l’origine de pathologies tres variees et occupent une place importante en sante publique. La methode conventionnelle de typage des EV consiste en une reaction de seroneutralisation avec des antiserums specifiques a partir de souches isolees en culture cellulaire ; cette technique est longue, couteuse et limitee par sa capacite a identifier correctement les variants antigeniques et les nouveaux genotypes. De plus, elle est limitee aux genotypes cultivables. De nouvelles methodologies de typage moleculaire par sequencage partiel du genome ont ete recemment developpees ; elles consistent a analyser une partie variable de la region codant une des proteines de capside (VP1 ou alternativement VP2 ou VP4). Cependant ces techniques sont le plus souvent realisees a partir de souches isolees en culture cellulaire. Le but de ce travail a ete de developper une technique de typage des EV directement sur des prelevements cliniques en se basant sur le sequencage partiel de la region VP2 dont le laboratoire avait montre precedemment l’interet (Nasri et al., 2007). Pour le dessin des amorces, nous avons utilise la strategie CODEHOP (COnsensus DEgenerate Hybrid Oligonucleotide Primer) de maniere a ameliorer a la fois la specificite et la sensibilite de la methode d’amplification. Nous presentons ici un premier article decrivant la nouvelle technique de typage VP2 et rapportons son application au typage d’echantillons cliniques trouves positifs par une PCR ciblant la region 5’ non codante du genome des EV sur une periode de trois ans. Le deuxieme article presente pour la premiere fois l’application d’une technique de typage direct a des echantillons environnementaux d’eaux usees. Le troisieme article montre l’interet de coupler deux techniques de typage ciblant des regions differentes (VP1 et VP2) pour l’identification de souches d’EV isolees par culture cellulaire en Centre-Afrique. Malgre des problemes de sensibilite, cette nouvelle technique de typage directement a partir d’echantillons peut rendre de grands services tant en clinique humaine que pour la surveillance environnementale
Governance and Merger Accounting: Evidence from Stock Price Reactions to Purchase versus Pooling

Abstract This paper examines the effect of corporate governance on investor reactions to accounting choice in the context of accounting for business combinations. Using a sample of 324 recent stock swap acquisitions I find that, contrary to practitioners' belief that capital markets penalize purchase accounting, the opposite appears to be true; there is a negative and significant differential market reaction of approximately 4% for acquiring firms that announce pooling transactions. This return differential declines to negative 8% for firms with ineffective corporate governance. These findings are consistent with capital markets interpreting the choice of purchase accounting as a signal of management's confidence in the likelihood of a successful merger. This signal is particularly relevant when corporate governance is considered ineffective.
Reading sources and academic freedom as determinants of trends in English language teacher research in Egypt: an interview-based study

Little attention has been given to investigating the experiences of teacher researchers while undertaking their studies. In an attempt to explore what accounts for the stereotyped and imitative trends in the studies conducted by English language teachers in Egypt, the present study has explored how they select research topics and the factors influencing their research orientations and processes. The study used semi-structured interviews with 25 Egyptian teachers who were doing MA and Ph.D. studies in TESOL. It was found that they view good language teaching research as either testing the effectiveness of instructional techniques or evaluating textbooks, though most of them opt for experimental research due to its practical nature. The study also revealed that reading sources and academic freedom are the two main determinants of research trends in this context. Apart from the association found between the teacher researchers’ perceived academic freedom and the type of literature they read, the following three other factors also accounted for the relative variance in such freedom: (a) the stage undertaken in the research, (b) the number of supervisors available or assigned and (c) the research degree registered for. The article concludes with discussing the implications of these results.
Purine and Pyrimidine Salvage Pathways

The first complete purine nucleotide formed in the purine biosynthetic pathway is IMP, which is converted to AMP and GMP via two separate pathways. The pathways by which purine bases and ribonucleosides are metabolized in B. subtilis are discussed. Different species of gram-positive bacteria show great variations in their abilities to metabolize bases and nucleosides. Our knowledge of purine salvage reactions and transport systems in B. subtilis is to a great extent based on studies of mutants defective in enzymic reactions. The pathways by which pyrimidine bases and nucleosides are converted to the nucleotide level vary among the different bacteria studied. The pathways by which thymine and pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides are metabolized is dealt in detail. Mutants defective in pyrimidine salvage enzymes and transport functions can be isolated by selecting for resistance to pyrimidine analogs. The isolation and characterization of mutant strains defective in purine and pyrimidine metabolism have been powerful tools in the identification of the pathways of purine and pyrimidine metabolism and their regulation. The choice between purine salvage and degradation must be subjected to metabolic control.
Perceived Ability and Level of Education as Predictors of Traditional and Practical Adult Problem Solving

Sixty adults (ages 19 to 80) were divided into three age groups. Each individual completed the Problem Solving Inventory (PSI), which assesses an individual's self-perception of problem-solving ability, prior to completing two types of problems, including concept-identification tasks and six everyday, practical problems. When the level of education across the younger, middle-aged, and older adults was controlled, older individuals perceived themselves as better problem solvers, and they were more confident in their problem-solving abilities than the other age groups. Additionally, these older adults with relatively high levels of education took more time to complete the concept-identification tasks but did not make more errors or need more choices to solve these tasks. Similarly, the older participants performed as well as either of the other age groups on the everyday, practical problems.
Terminology and Glossary

Aryan Corruption of the Rig Vedic term ‘arya’. Used by the British-German Indologist Max Muller to name the Indo-European languages as well as the putative common people who spoke them. A fraught concept in the South Asian context that has now come to have various connotations of language, ‘race’, ancestral blood communities, aristocracy, nobility, hierarchy, xenology and religion. Used in linguistics to refer to two main language groups: Old Indo-Aryan (Indic and Avestan), and the modern Indo-Aryan language groups (which include Hindi, Hindustani, Punjabi, Marathi and Gujarati).
Surface diffusion of the astrocytic glutamate transporter glt-1 shapes synaptic transmission

A classic understanding of neurotransmitter clearance at glutamatergic synapses is that, in order to ensure sufficient glutamate uptake on a fast timescale, it is necessary to have high numbers of glutamate transporters in the vicinity of release sites to compensate for their slow transport kinetics. Using a combination of single molecule imaging and electrophysiological approaches, we now challenge this view by first demonstrating that GLT-1 transporters are not static but highly mobile at the surface of astrocytes, and that their surface diffusion is dependent upon both neuronal and glial cell activities. In the vicinity of glutamate synapses, GLT-1 dynamics are strongly reduced favoring their retention within this strategic location. Remarkably, glutamate uncaging at synaptic sites instantaneously increases GLT-1 diffusion, displacing the glutamate-bound transporter away from this compartment. Functionally, impairment of the transporter lateral diffusion through an antibody-based surface cross linking, both in vitro and in vivo, significantly slows the kinetics of excitatory postsynaptic currents. Taken together, these data reveal the unexpected and major role of the astrocytic surface GLT-1 fast dynamics in shaping glutamatergic synaptic transmission.Keywords:
Checklist of Solanum of north-central Peru, a hotspot of biological diversity

The north-central area of Peru is one of the most biodiverse regions of the Neotropics. The low mountain ranges that make up this area create a mosaic of habitats which, combined with the convergence of species from the Northern and Southern Andes, as well as from the Pacific and Amazonian regions creates a hotspot for biodiversity. We present a checklist of the genus Solanum (Solanaceae) of North-Central Peru with a key to the major sections of the genus. This checklist serves to demonstrate the species richness of Solanum in the area, as well as an aid to identification. In total 133 species of Solanum in 20 clades are listed, with 25 species endemic to the area.
Oct-4 expression in blastocyst from two selected lines.

Pre-implantation development is characterized by di stinct biological steps including first cleavage division, activation of the embryonic genome, compa ction, and blastocyst formation. These changes need the expression well orchestrated of genes both of the maternal and/or embryonic genome. Usually prenatal survival seems to be mainly determ ined by the female, whereas the embryo-fetus plays a secondary role. In this preliminary study w e focused on a major developmental gene expressed mainly by the embryo. Oct-4 expression patterns, tr anscript of POU5F1 gene, have been studied in several mammalian species, but are not known in rab bit. In other species, this transcript was highly expressed in early stages. It is related with undif ferentiated stages by up-regulation of other genes as IFN, Sox-2 or Ets-2. The Oct-4 is related with cell ular differentiation in mammalian embryos. In fact, Oct-4 is expressed in embryonic cell but the expres sion is not equal in different stage of development . The objective of this study was to examine the Oct4 expression in pre-implantatory blastocyst from two rabbit lines selected for litter size. Embryos were recovered at the fifth and sixth day post-mati ng from 15 females of two selected lines by litter siz e at weaning. Total RNA was extracted and retrotranscripted individually from 117 blastocysts . The quantitative PCR for the Oct-4 expression was realized and the β-actin was used for housekeeping gene. The relative expression ratio of Oct-4 gene was calculated with the ∆∆Ct method normalized to β-actin gene (ACTB). The results showed that the Oct-4 expression is not related with ovulation rate and selected line, but the relationship between Oc t4 expression and age of embryos is statistically si gnificant (the means of Oct-4 relative expression were 89.16 and 303.06 for days 5 and 6 respectively , P<0.05). The characterization of profile secretio n of this transcript can be a valuable tool to accura te assessment of rabbit embryo viability in genetic and biotechnological studies as in vitro production or cryopreservation of embryos.
Melatonin Therapy Improves Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Pinealectomized Patients

The purpose of this investigational study was to assess the effects of melatonin replacement therapy on cardiac autonomic modulation in pinealectomized patients. This was an open-label, single-arm, single-center, proof-of-concept study consisting of a screening period, a 3-month treatment period with melatonin (3 mg/day), and a 6-month washout period. The cardiac autonomic function was determined through heart rate variability (HRV) measures during polysomnography. Pinealectomized patients (n = 5) with confirmed absence of melatonin were included in this study. Melatonin treatment increased vagal-dominated HRV indices including root mean square of the successive R-R interval differences (RMSSD) (39.7 ms, 95% CI 2.0–77.4, p = 0.04), percentage of successive R-R intervals that differ by more than 50 ms (pNN50) (17.1%, 95% CI 9.1–25.1, p = 0.003), absolute power of the high-frequency band (HF power) (1,390 ms2, 95% CI 511.9–2,267, p = 0.01), and sympathetic HRV indices like standard deviation of normal R-R wave interval (SDNN) (57.6 ms, 95% CI 15.2–100.0, p = 0.02), and absolute power of the low-frequency band (LF power) (4,592 ms2, 95% CI 895.6–8,288, p = 0.03). These HRV indices returned to pretreatment values when melatonin treatment was discontinued. The HRV entropy-based regularity parameters were not altered in this study, suggesting that there were no significant alterations of the REM–NREM ratios between the time stages of the study. These data show that 3 months of melatonin treatment may induce an improvement in cardiac autonomic modulation in melatonin-non-proficient patients. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03885258.
High-Density Genetic Linkage Mapping of Lepidium Based on Genotyping-by-Sequencing SNPs and Segregating Contig Tag Haplotypes

Lepidium campestre has been targeted for domestication as future oilseed and catch crop. Three hundred eighty plants comprising genotypes of L. campestre, Lepidium heterophyllum, and their interspecific F2 mapping population were genotyped using genotyping by sequencing (GBS), and the generated polymorphic markers were used for the construction of high-density genetic linkage map. TASSEL-GBS, a reference genome-based pipeline, was used for this analysis using a draft L. campestre whole genome sequence. The analysis resulted in 120,438 biallelic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with minor allele frequency (MAF) above 0.01. The construction of genetic linkage map was conducted using MSTMap based on phased SNPs segregating in 1:2:1 ratio for the F2 individuals, followed by genetic mapping of segregating contig tag haplotypes as dominant markers against the linkage map. The final linkage map consisted of eight linkage groups (LGs) containing 2,330 SNP markers and spanned 881 Kosambi cM. Contigs (10,302) were genetically mapped to the eight LGs, which were assembled into pseudomolecules that covered a total of ∼120.6 Mbp. The final size of the pseudomolecules ranged from 9.4 Mbp (LG-4) to 20.4 Mpb (LG-7). The following major correspondence between the eight Lepidium LGs (LG-1 to LG-8) and the five Arabidopsis thaliana (At) chromosomes (Atx-1–Atx-5) was revealed through comparative genomics analysis: LG-1&2_Atx-1, LG-3_Atx-2&3, LG-4_Atx-2, LG-5_Atx-2&Atx-3, LG-6_Atx-4&5, LG-7_Atx-4, and LG-8_Atx-5. This analysis revealed that at least 66% of the sequences of the LGs showed high collinearity with At chromosomes. The sequence identity between the corresponding regions of the LGs and At chromosomes ranged from 80.6% (LG-6) to 86.4% (LG-8) with overall mean of 82.9%. The map positions on Lepidium LGs of the homologs of 24 genes that regulate various traits in A. thaliana were also identified. The eight LGs revealed in this study confirm the previously reported (1) haploid chromosome number of eight in L. campestre and L. heterophyllum and (2) chromosomal fusion, translocation, and inversion events during the evolution of n = 8 karyotype in ancestral species shared by Lepidium and Arabidopsis to n = 5 karyotype in A. thaliana. This study generated highly useful genomic tools and resources for Lepidium that can be used to accelerate its domestication.
Insight into intracellular bacterial genome repertoire using comparative genomics

La premiere partie de ma these est une revue donnant un apercu du repertoire genomique des bacteries intracellulaires et de leurs symbiotes. L'objectif de cette etude est d'explorer le processus permettant aux bacteries intracellulaires d'acquerir leur mode de vie specifique. Nous avons commence par examiner les donnees a propos de l'existence ancienne de bacteries intracellulaires, leur adaptation a leur hote et les differences entre sympatrie et allopatrie. Une comparaison du contenu genomique de plusieurs bacteries avec differents modes de vie a revele la capacite des bacteries a echanger des genes a des degres differents, en fonction de l'ecosysteme. La deuxieme partie de ma these porte sur la sequence du genome de la souche Diplorickettsia massiliensis 20B qui est une bacterie intracellulaire obligatoire a Gram negatif isolee a partir des tiques de Slovaquie Ixodes ricinus. Dans ma troisieme et derniere partie, nous explore le repertoire du genome de Diplorickettsia massiliensis en le comparant aux genomes de bacteries phylogenetiquement tres proches de Diplorickettsia massiliensis, issues de differentes niches. Ceci a permis de revele son mode de vie allopatrique. Dans cette etude, nous avons compare les caracteristiques du genome de Diplorickettsia massiliensis avec vingt-neuf especes sequencees de Gammaproteobacteria (Legionella, Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis et Rickettsiella grylli) en utilisant l'approche pangenomique multi-genre. Ce travail de these fournit des donnees originales et permet d’apporter plus de lumiere sur la diversite des bacteries intracellulaires.