Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MSS21294 479..479

A recent study by Ryan et al. (7) published in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise addressed the dose–response of stretch-induced muscular force deficits. However, their findings need to be interpreted in the context of several previous studies on this topic that they seem to have overlooked. In addition, weaknesses in their sample size and statistical analysis also affect the strength of their conclusions. Despite their claim that ‘‘to date, however, no studies have examined the potential dose–response relationship that may govern the stretching-induced force deficit’’ (p. 1530), several studies have reported on just that (e.g., [1–3,5,6]). Three years ago, Knudson and Noffal (3) first reported a logarithmic decline in isometric strength after stretching. The threshold of 20–40 s they reported (depending on the statistical or functional standard of significance) has been confirmed by several studies reporting strength reductions after only 30–60 s of stretching (1,2,5). Ryan et al. are likely incorrect in concluding that the doses of 2–8 min of stretching do not significantly reduce peak ankle plantarflexion torque. It is more likely that their results represent a Type II error resulting from a small sample size and inadequate statistical power. Ryan et al. performed a repeated-measures design examining six dependent variables with 13 subjects. Given this small sample and the variation in their data (CV = 10%), it is not clear that they have the statistical power they claim, although they did not make it clear what variation and meaningful change they expected. Power calculations for special statistical procedures for multiple tests of multiple dependent variables are not the same as power calculations for a single repeated-measures analysis. The repeated testing of subjects across days also increases the unexplained variance relative to repeated-measures testing of subjects at one testing session. The across-days design with a small sample decreases the ability to detect statistically significant differences in the 5–10% range common in stretch-induced strength deficits. The inability of the study of Ryan et al. to detect a reduction in peak torque after stretching is all the more surprising because of another error in analysis. Their use of multiple repeated-measures ANOVA on the same data set will inflate the experimentwise Type I error rate or false discovery rate (4,8). The six univariate tests (c = 6) on six dependent variables (assuming the typical 0.05 error rate) of Ryan et al. correspond to an experimentwise Type I error rate of 0.26 (EER = 1 j (1 j >)) if the six variables were independent. If some of the dependent variables were correlated, the EER would be between 0.05 and 0.26. There is no perfect design for studies of this important topic. There are too many confounding variables to easily address this issue in a single study. However, the design, analysis, and literature integration weaknesses noted above suggest that the observations and conclusions by Ryan et al. (7) should be interpreted with caution.
regulatory modules cis occupied Cohesin regulates tissue-specific expression by stabilising highly

The cohesin protein complex contributes to transcriptional regulation in a CTCF-independent manner by colocalising with master regulators at tissue-specific loci. The regulation of transcription involves the concerted action of multiple transcription factors (TFs) and cohesin’s role in this context of combinatorial TF binding remains unexplored. To investigate cohesin-non-CTCF (CNC) binding events in vivo we mapped cohesin and CTCF, as well as a collection of tissue-specific and ubiquitous transcriptional regulators, using ChIP-seq in primary mouse liver. We observe a positive correlation between the number of distinct TFs bound and the presence of CNC sites. In contrast to regions of the genome where cohesin and CTCF colocalise, CNC sites coincide with the binding of master regulators and enhancer-markers and are significantly associated with liver-specific expressed genes. We also show that cohesin presence partially explains the commonly observed discrepancy between TF motif score and ChIP signal. Evidence from these statistical analyses in wild type cells, and comparisons to maps of TF binding in Rad21-cohesin haploinsufficient mouse liver, suggests that cohesin helps to stabilise large protein-DNA complexes. Finally, we observe that the presence of mirrored CTCF binding events at promoters and their nearby cohesin-bound enhancers is associated with elevated expression levels. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press on July 11, 2012 Published by genome.cshlp. org Downloaded from
2 Analysis on the Generic Structural Potential ( GSP ) of Chinese and English Linguistic and Literature

The development of computer technology has led the language research into a new age. In this research we take advantage of the corpus-driven approach to illustrate the differences and similarities in the generic structural potential (GSP) and the language features of Chinese and English article abstracts by building our own corpora of article abstracts and using AntConc. Results show that both the GSP and the language features have their own Chinese and English characteristics. This research will help Chinese writers know how to write an article abstract and lays a ground for those who will publish their works in the high-quality magazines and even in the foreign ones.
Molecular Detection of Theileria Annulata in Egyptian Buffaloes and Biochemical Changes Associated with Particular Oxidative Changes

This investigation is performed on 100 buffaloes native Breed in Kaliobia governorate Egypt aged from 1-3years, these animals suffered from fever (41°C) enlargement lymph node, inappetence, pale mucous membrane, increase lacrimation, emaciation and corneal opacity in progressive stages when these animals were subjected to microscopic ex- amination the degree of parasitaema was recorded as the percentage of infected red blood cells in 1000red blood cell counted . We report the detection of Theileria annulata by PCR in blood samples obtained from buffaloes supposed to be infected. The assay employs primers specific for the gene encoding Theileria annulata 185RNA biochemical changes asso- ciated with Theileria annulata in these buffaloes particular emphasis to the oxidative stress the reduce TAC level may re- flect adecrease in antioxidant capacity . Blood collected from all animals on EDTA to microscopic examination and PCR to determine type of Theileria.
Mechanism of action and interactions between xanthine oxidase inhibitors derived from 2 natural sources of chlorogenic and ferulic acids 3 Running title : Mechanism of action and interactions between XO inhibitors 4

16 The aim of this study was to estimate the phenolic composition and xanthine oxidase 17 (XO) inhibitory activity of green coffee beans (GCB) and wholemeal wheat flour (WF). 18 Additionally, the type and strength of interaction (expressed as the combination index, CI) 19 and mode of XO inhibition were analyzed. The major phenolic in GCB was 5-caffeoylquinic 20 acid (39.92 mg/g dw). The main phenolic acids in WF were transand cis-ferulic acids (257 21 and 165.57 mg/100 g dw, respectively). Both ferulic and chlorogenic acids individually 22 inhibited XO, and for their combination moderate synergism was found. Buffer extractable 23 compounds from GCB and WF demonstrated slight synergism (CI=0.92), while potentially 24 bioaccessible and bioavailable compounds acted synergistically (CI=0.43 and 0.54, 25
SHAPE OPTIMIZATION OF TURBOMACHINERY ROWS USING A PARAMETRIC BLADE MODELLER AND THE CONTINUOUS ADJOINT METHOD RUNNING ON GPUS

This paper presents a gradient-based shape optimization method for turbomachinery rows. The developed continuous adjoint method for incompressible ﬂows, with a fully differentiated turbulence model, is coupled with an in-house 3D blade parameterization software, which is differentiated to support the gradient-based optimization process. The in-house ﬂow and adjoint solvers are implemented on a cluster of NVDIA Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). The parameterization software creates the blade by superimposing thickness on both sides of the mean-camber surface. The design variables are NURBS coefﬁcients which ensure smooth shape changes during the optimization, despite the great number of degrees of freedom. In addition, NURBS surfaces are used to describe the ﬁnal shape. Geometric sensitivities, which stand for the ratio of boundary displacements over the corresponding variation in any of the CAD parameters, are computed by differentiating the parameterization software. Based on the chain rule these are combined with the gradient of the objective function with respect to (w.r.t.) the displacements of the blade or casing nodes, as computed by the adjoint method, and used to update the design variables. During the optimization, the grid is deformed according to the updated shape of the ﬂow domain;
Inter-and intra-variant genetic heterogeneity of human coronavirus OC 43 strains in France

Received 23 March 2006 Accepted 30 June 2006 Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) causes acute, self-limited respiratory infections. A close relationship between bovine coronaviruses (BCoVs) and HCoV-OC43 has recently been demonstrated. This study includes seven clinical, non-cell culture-adapted, contemporary HCoV-OC43 strains detected in France in 2003. By using RT-PCR and clonal sequencing of the S1 gene of HCoV-OC43, the inter-variant heterogeneity of the HCoV-OC43 circulating strains was studied and the intra-variant diversity was assessed by investigation of a quasispecies cloud. This paper brings to the forefront a high genetic diversity of circulating HCoV-OC43 variants. Genetically different groups are defined among the variants described in this study. One of these variants holds characteristics of an outlier and presents a deletion of 12 nt, also found in BCoV strains. Moreover, the presence of HCoV-OC43 as a quasispecies cloud in vivo during an acute respiratory-tract illness was discovered. It has also been revealed that quasispecies-cloud sizes are similar for the two viral populations tested.
A structural equations modelling approach

The past decade has been characterized by a process of growing dematerialization of the strategic resources possessed by firms. The relational capabilities of the firm, technology connected with the planning and management of firm processes, know-how, as well as the decisional autonomy and technical competencies of the employees all represent intangible assets that are determining in the value creation process of a firm (Longo & Mura, 2007; Roos et al., 2005). The relevance of this topic is supported by the attention that financial markets attribute to the accounting of these assets. In January 2007 the International Accounting Standard Board issued a technical document in support of the ‘Intangible Assets’ project, which is examining the possibility of adding to the balance sheet the intangible assets that are generated internally to the firm and that are not subject to any negotiation on active markets (IASB, 2007). This ‘opening up’ in the accounting system has important effects on the economic evaluation of a company and on its ability to gain access to credit, in that it provides the market, the institutional investors and the financial analysts very precious information regarding the development of fundamental resources for the value creation process of a firm. Furthermore, performance management literature has highlighted the need for specific tools for the measurement of internally-generated intangible assets, defined in managerial literature as intellectual capital (IC) (Tayles et al., 2002). These tools have been shown to greatly support management activity (Roos et al., 2005; Carlucci et al., 2004). As a matter of fact, the integration of information related to company’s intellectual capital together with quantitative information relative to the firm’s strategic policies, offers management a display of important indicators for the definition and the control of corporate objectives. Numerous intellectual capital frameworks have been proposed in the literature (e.g. Edvinsson & Malone, 1997; Roos et al, 2005; Sveiby, 1997), however, further research is still needed to investigate the challenges and opportunities of designing intellectual capital measurement tools that are grounded in relevant measurement theory (Bollen, 1989; M’Pherson & Pike, 2001). 20
The heat stress for workers employed in a dairy farm

The Italian dairy production is characterized by high heterogeneity. The typology quantitatively more important (80% of national production) is represented by cow’s milk cheeses ( Grana Padano cheese, string cheese, Parmesan cheese, etc.), while the cheese from buffalo’s milk (especially string cheese such as mozzarella ) and cheese from sheep and goats represents respectively 4% and 8% of the national dairy production, and are linked to specific regional contexts. Some phases of the cycle of milk processing occur at certain temperatures that are not comfortable for the workers also in relation to possible problems due to thermal shock. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of heat stress on workers operating in a dairy for processing of buffalo milk. The research was conducted at a dairy farm located in the province of Viterbo, Italy, during the spring-summer period. To carry out the research were detected major climatic parameters (air temperature, relative humidity, mean radiant temperature, air velocity) and the main parameters of the individual operators (clothing thermal insulation and the energy expenditure required from the work done by employees). Subsequently, main indices of heat stress assessment provided by the main technical standards were calculated. In particular have been calculated predicted mean vote and predicted percentage of dissatisfied in moderate thermal environments (environments in which the objective, in the design and management phases, is to achieve the thermal comfort), provided by the UNI EN ISO 7730 and the wet bulb globe temperature in severe hot environments (environments in which you must protect the health of workers) required by UNI EN ISO 27243. The results show some phases of risk from heat stress especially during times of test in which the internal air temperature exceeds the threshold of 30°C and possible solutions to improve the safety of the operators.
Haematological Reaction Of Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Juveniles Exposed To Tetrapleura Tetraptera Leaf Powder

Acute toxicity of Tetraplura tetraptera leaf powder on Clarias gariepinus juveniles (46.68±0.62g) was conducted using static bioassay tests over a period of 96 hour. The range finding test was conducted to determine the lethal concentration of the botanical on C. gariepinus juveniles and was found to induce varying behavioral response in the fish. The 96 h median lethal concentration, LC50 of 1.60 g L-1 was determined graphically. Percentage mortality of the test organisms followed a regular pattern, increasing with decreasing concentration. Prior to death, fish exhibited marked behavioural changes like hyperventilation, erratic swimming (vertical/spiral uncoordinated swimming movement), irregular operculum and tail frequencies, loss of reflex and settling at the bottom. Haematological analysis carried out after experiment showed significant haematological variations, the Pack Cell Volume (PCV), White Blood Cell (WBC), Red Blood Cell (RBC), Platelet and Lymphocyte decreases as concentration of Tetrapleura tetraptera leaf dust increases. The Dissolved oxygen (DO2), pH and temperature values of the water were within tolerable limits for fish culture.
Sarbanes-Oxley and the Need for Audit Committee Independence: Contrary Evidence in the Textile Industry

We investigate whether the appearance of audit committee independence, e.g., outside membership as defined by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOA), is necessarily related to effective independence, e.g., the audit committee’s support of an auditor’s going-concern opinion (Carcello and Neal 2003; 2000). The SOA makes the agency theory assumption, generally supported by current research, that seemingly non-independent audit committee members reduce the reliability of the financial reporting. Yet, prior to the SOA, other rulings permitted non-independent audit committee members to serve when it was “in the best interests of the firm,” and even the Carcello and Neal (2000) findings point to a possible industry or company-size effect in measuring audit committee effectiveness. It seems that manager-owner committee members of smaller companies may also do the right thing. Therefore, we reconsider this independence question for the textile industry, one severely stressed and possibly affected by firm size. We observe seventy-four companies during the years 2000 and 2001 when the SOA was not in effect to determine whether their non-dependent-appearing audit committees also would effectively act independent, without the constraint of the SOA. We do find at least two SOA non-independent characteristics of audit committees, what would be two apparent SOA violations in 2011, contrarily associated with two actions of effective independence. We do not find any one of the ten recommended SOA requirements correlated with these actions of effective independence. These findings suggest that measures of effective independence may not necessarily be related to appearance, and may instead depend on company or industry size, adding to the growing body of research that argues for restricting government financial regulation (Gao et al., 2009; Hayes, 2009; Hart, 2009; Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, 2010; Orol, 2011).
For Tempo the ratio of Tween 80 : Span 20 : Lauric acid : IPM : nitroxide was 33

http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.ejpb. 2015.05. 008 0939-6411/ 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Abbreviations: ME, microemulsion; SOD1, superoxide dismutase; TPO, tempo (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-1-oxyl); TPL, 4-OH-TPO, tempol (4-hydroxy-TEMPO, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl); Nrf2, nuclear factor (erythroid derived 2)-like 2, NF-E2 related factor; EpRE, electrophile response element; TMN, tempamine; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1 or haem oxygenase-1; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; NQO1, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1; ROS, reactive oxygen species; tBHP, tert-butyl hydroperoxide; TRG, trigonelline (1-methyl pyridinium-3-carboxylate); IPM, isopropyl myristate; API, active pharmaceutical ingredient; HLB, Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance. ⇑ Corresponding author at: Richard and Jean Zarbin Chair in Medical Studies, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel. Tel. : +972 2 6758659; fax: +972 2 6757246. E-mail address: ronk@ekmd.huji. ac.il (R. Kohen). Maya Ben Yehuda Greenwald , Marina Frušić-Zlotkin , Yoram Soroka , Shmuel Ben Sasson , Havazelet Bianco-Peled , Ronit Bitton , Ron Kohen a,⇑
Allozyme characterization of Hogna species (Araneae, Lycosidae) of the Galápagos Archipelago

Abstract The colonization of species on remote islands may result in phenotypic diversification and ultimately speciation. On the Galápagos Archipelago, seven very closely related morpho-species of the wolf spiders genus Hogna are distinguishable based on small somatic and genital differences. Based on habitat preference, these species can broadly be categorized into (i) three “high elevation species” occurring on the volcanic highlands, (ii) three “coastal dry” species occurring in dune habitats along the coast, and (iii) one generalist species which is chiefly found in wet coastal habitats such as salt marshes but also in wet habitats at higher altitudes. To determine the degree of reproductive isolation among these morpho-species, we investigated gene flow among populations and species based on nine allozyme loci. Genetic analysis by means of genetic distance estimates and cluster agglomerative analyses confirmed the status of the defined morpho-species. Allele frequencies were highly similar among populations within a species but differed profoundly among species. Genetic differentiation within the generalist species was generally very low. There were no constant differences between high elevation and coastal populations for this species. Neutral genetic divergence between species appeared to correspond more to geographic distribution rather than to a clear separation of the two different ecological groups within an island. This suggests that a parallel parapatric divergence between high elevation and coastal dry species may have taken place on the oldest islands of San Cristobal and Santa Cruz.
DOES THE UPPSALA INTERNATIONALIZATION MODEL EXPLAIN THE INTERNATIONALIZATION PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL BUSINESS SERVICE FIRMS

The aim of this contribution is to verify if the Uppsala Model with later variations introduced by the authors is the right framework to explain internationalization process of Professional Business Service Firms (PBSFs). The focus is placed on the entry of one type of PBSFs, namely advertising agencies into the Chinese market. The example is based on a case study. This paper deliberates about identified factors in the internationalization process of advertising agencies that fit to the Uppsala model and about factors that deviate from it. Several stages are identified in the entrance of advertising agencies into the Chinese market. These are as follows: initial stage - external agent, participation stage - representative office, establishment stage - joint venture, network expansion stage – branch offices and other joint ventures. The presence of stages suggests that the Uppsala model may prove useful in explanation of foreign entry strategies in PBSFs in general. In addition to that, support is also found for market entry due to networking activities. Client following was identified as most common entry mode in the studied group of PBSFs.
INNOVATION IN FOUNDER AND FIRMS: ENTREPRENEURIAL VERSUS NURTURER IDENTITIES OF OWNERS

We argue that the identities of owners and owner-managers of public companies can influence innovation and thus performance. We distinguish between innovation input, innovation output and innovation quality. We show that lone founder owners and owner-managers, who we argue embrace entrepreneurial identities, achieve superior innovation output and quality when compared to other firms, even controlling for innovation input. By contrast family owners and managers, who we argue adopt family nurturer identities, spend less on innovation input and also obtain less output and quality, again, controlling for innovation input.
Socio-economic analysis of subsistence farming practices in south-western Nigeria.

Limited knowledge is available regarding how the subsistence-oriented agricultural production in Nigeria is practiced in order to provide policy guides for its future development. This study focused on the cropping patterns, enterprise combination and the nature of costs and returns on subsistence farming practices with a view to determining the major variables affecting the farm’s economic performance. Data analyzed were obtained from farm survey covering the two major vegetation zones in south western Nigeria. Frequency tables, correlation matrix and regression were used as analytical tools. Results showed that subsistence farming is not absolutely un-profitable but for the fact that farmers operate at sub-optimal levels. Farmers believed that farming was profitable by their subjective evaluation and because it satisfies their subsistence needs. Organized and guided programmes of increasing farm size; reducing labour cost and improving farming techniques could serve as saviours to enhance income on subsistence farms.