Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RolC-Transgenic Carnation with Improved Horticultural Traits: Quantitative and Qualitative Analyses of Greenhouse-grown Plants

Expression of the rolC gene under the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter led to several advantageous alterations in transgenic carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L. 'White Sim'). The rolC-transgenic carnation plants exhibited increased axillary budbreak and development when grown under standard commercial greenhouse conditions. Carnation with rolC generated up to 48% more stem cuttings per mother plant than nontransformed plants. Stem cuttings from rolC plants exhibited better rooting ability, with up to five times higher root dry weight than controls. The improved rooting of rolC-transgenic stem cuttings was also apparent when the cuttings were treated with IBA. During the flowering season, rolC-transgenic plants produced up to three times more flowering stems than control plants. It should be noted that the latter alterations, namely increased flowering and rooting, are of major importance to the carnation industry. Chemical name used: indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).
Experimental Assessment of Factors Limiting Seedling Recruitment of an Amazonian Understory Herb

Understory herbs are an important and species‐rich component of tropical forests, but little is known about factors limiting recruitment of these herbs. In a Peruvian flood plain forest, we studied seedling recruitment of the widespread clonal herb Heliconia metallica. We analyzed natural recruitment and experimentally added seeds, excluded predators and removed the understory vegetation at occupied and unoccupied sites to test whether seed limitation, predation, disturbance, and the presence of mature conspecific plants influence seedling recruitment. The number of naturally recruited seedlings was higher at flooded sites and close to flowering H. metallica ramets. Predation caused considerable seed loss shortly after sowing. Seed survival strongly increased with the openness of a site, but was not affected by the presence of mature conspecifics. Seed addition increased the number of seedlings at both occupied and unoccupied sites. Two years after sowing, the number of established seedlings and their size increased with light availability at a site. In experimentally disturbed plots, light availability, seedling establishment, and survival were higher. The effect of disturbance on seedling survival was stronger at occupied sites, probably due to strong light competition from mature H. metallica plants. Herbivore damage on leaves of seedlings was lower at occupied sites, but seedlings grew faster at unoccupied sites. We conclude that seedling recruitment of H. metallica depends on natural disturbance and is limited by both seed availability and the presence of mature conspecific plants.
Genetic Diversity and Dissemination Pathways of Common Bean in Central Europe

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. Phaseolus vulgaris, landraces, gene pools, gene flow, SSRs ABSTRACT. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was introduced in Europe from both Mesoamerican and Andean centers of origin and has been cultivated in central Europe for centuries. The first objective of this study was to evaluate genetic diversity and the population structure of 167 accessions divided into four groups according to geographical origin (Slovenia and Austria) and time periods (historical and present) using 14 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The second objective was to improve our understanding of the pathways of dissemination and the evolution of this species in central Europe. Great allelic polymorphism was detected in all four groups of examined accessions, indicating that Slovene and Austrian bean germplasm in the past possessed significant variation that has been well preserved until today. In factorial correspondence analysis, accessions from different groups clustered together indicating potential gene flow between countries. The uncovered diversity corresponded very well to the two recognized gene pools (Andean and Mesoamerican). The majority of accessions in every single group belonged to the Andean gene pool. Strong predominance of Andean genotypes classifies Slovenia among other Mediterranean countries, like Spain and Italy. The latter appears as amost probable source offirst beans in Slovenia and Austria. We assume that in the beginning of the previous century after very tight relationships between Slovenia and Austria loosened, introgression of genotypes from western and northern European countries took place in Austria, which resulted in a very high proportion of Mesoamerican genotypes that we found in the present Austrian germplasm (44%). Several putative hybrids between the Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools were detected in this study. Evolutionary significance, origin, and breeding potential of these recombinants are discussed here.
The Multidimensionality of School Engagement and Math Achievement among Racial Groups

The study in this article employed a multidimensional (behavioral, emotional, and cognitive) construct of school engagement to examine its relationship to school achievement in mathematics across the five major racial groups. The sample included 115 American Indians, 486 Asians, 1, 551 Blacks, 1, 682 Latinos, and 7, 554 Whites who participated in the Educational Longitudinal Study (2002-2004). Data were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis for each of the five racial groups. Behavioral and cognitive engagement accounted for much more of the variance in math achievement scores than did emotional engagement. Ways in which professional school counselors can promote these kinds of engagement are discussed.
Genomic and pathogenic diversity in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from wild native Mexican Stylosanthes spp., and taxonomic implications

RAPD amplifications of 119 Mexican Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates from wild native Stylosanthes plants, of two Australian (internal reference isolates of type A and type B) and of two African (previously demonstrated as different from the A and B types) allowed the generation of four polymorphic clusters. The RAPD cluster I contained the Australian type A and 103 Mexican isolates from other species than S. guianensis. The cluster II contained the Australian type B isolate and 14 Mexican isolates from S. guianensis. The clusters III and IV contained one African and one Mexican isolate each. A phylogenetic study was performed using the ITS1 sequences from 32 representative Mexican isolates selected in the four RAPD clusters, from the two Australian and the two African used as references, from 13 C. gloeosporioides from various hosts and origins available in the EMBL databank and from three phylogenetically related species of Colletotrichum. Two clusters (S and VHO) were generated. Cluster S contained the 30 isolates clustered in RAPD I and II, and the type A and B isolates from Stylosanthes selected in EMBL. Cluster VHO contained the two isolates belonging to RAPD clusters III and IV as well as the remaining Colletotrichum spp. and C. gloeosporioides isolates from various hosts and origins selected in EMBL. Severe type A lesions were observed on several Stylosanthes species, including S. guianensis, after inoculation with the 26 Mexican isolates selected in RAPD cluster I. The four Mexican isolates selected in RAPD cluster II induced extensive type B lesions only on S. guianensis genotypes. The virulence spectra of the isolates was not linked to variations in their ITS1 region sequence. A wide range of anthracnose lesions was induced by the Mexican isolates in interactions with the various Stylosanthes genotypes. On the basis of results obtained from the molecular and pathogenic experiments in the present study, of morphological and molecular data from previous work, as well as from other authors, a taxonomic infraspecific differentiation was proposed, as C. gloeosporioides f. stylosanthis f. sp. stylosanthis and f. sp. guianensis.
Soil hypha‐mediated movement of allelochemicals: arbuscular mycorrhizae extend the bioactive zone of juglone

Summary Allelopathy is a phenomenon where plants have deleterious effects on growth of surrounding plants through the production of chemical substances. Soil hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may enhance transport processes of allelochemicals by providing ‘highways’ connecting plants below-ground. In three studies ranging from high ecological realism to experimental control, we showed that the presence of mycorrhizal hyphae may strongly contribute to the transport of allelochemicals. We analysed the accumulation of naturally released juglone in the field in intact or disrupted hyphal connections and determined its growth reducing effects on sensitive target plants in a bioassay. Secondly, we tested the effects of Juglans regia leaf litter addition in the presence or absence of the mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis on target plants, and finally, we added pure juglone to Lycopersicon lycopersicum plants in the presence or absence of Rhizophagus. Throughout, we found increased juglone transfer if mycorrhizal hyphae were present, resulting in reduced growth of target plants. Our results point to mycorrhizal hyphae playing an important role in extending the bioactive zone of allelochemicals. We suggest that hyphal networks increase the effectiveness of allelochemicals in natural systems and play a crucial role in chemical interaction processes and hence influence plant community structure.
Effects of Additives in Shoot Multiplication and Genetic Validation in Swertica chirayita Revealed through RAPD Analysis

Enhanced in vitro caulogenesis has been tested in Swertia chirayita on MS supplemented with BAP, IAA, IBA, NAA and additives like adenine sulfate and d ‐ glutamine with 2.5% sucrose. The best in vitro caulogenesis was observed in MS fortified with 4.43 μ M BAP in combination with IAA (0.8 μ M) that resulted increase in shoot multiplication rate. The multiplication and elongation of shoots were further enhanced by the addition of adenine sulfate (0.007%) that resulted in the further increase in multiplication fold. The addition of adenine sulfate reduced the use of other cytokinins with different auxins reported in the previous studies on Swertia chirayita . The study suggests adenine sulfate as a primary assimilable reduced nitrogen source for enhancing the shoot multiplication and elongation in Swertia chirayita . RAPD markers were employed to check the genetic variation among the clonal stock that resulted in 97% similarity. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 23 (1): 11 ‐ 19, 2013 (June) DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/ptcb.v23i1. 15555
Importance of temperature, nitrate, and pH for phosphate release from aerobic sediments of four shallow, eutrophic lakes

Phosphorus released from aerobic sediment surfaces made up the major fraction of the total P-load to the trophogenic zone in four shallow Danish lakes in 1987. Gross release rates were 15, 21, 33, and 100 mg P m-2 d- l (average summer values). In three of the lakes, water temperature alone explained -70% of the seasonal variation in sediment P release. Long-term experiments with undisturbed sediment cores revealed that the P release was significantly influenced by temperature and NO,- in all four lakes, but by pH only in one lake when these three parameters varied within the normal seasonal range (temperature: O”-21°C; NO,-: O-200 PM; pH: 7.5-10.5). Q10 values for the temperature effect were between 4.1 and 6.8 in the three lakes with large proportions of Fe-bound P in the sediment, but only 3.5 in the lake in which the P pool was relatively small. The thickness of the oxidized layer at the sediment surface varied from 3 to 15 mm and decreased when temperature increased. High N03- concentrations increased the thickness throughout the season and accordingly sediment P release was reduced in winter and early summer. Meanwhile, in late summer when inorganic N was depleted in lake water, N03- additions increased the P release from sediment, probably by stimulating the mineralization process.
Mercury methylation and trophic transfer in contaminated freshwater systems

Mercury (Hg) is a natural and widespread trace metal occurring in the environment but, at high concentrations in environment, it is considered as a priority hazardous substance because it damages the central nervous system in severely exposed humans. The case of Hg is quite particular because its bioamplification is different for its different chemical forms. Monoethylmercury (methylmercury) is more easily biomagnified and bioconcentrated than inorganic Hg. The consumption of Hgcontaminated fish is the most common exposure pathway of methylmercury for humans. In aquatic systems, Hg methylation occurs mainly in sediments. Mercury methylation depends on many parameters such as concentrations of sulphide, iron, mercury, organic matter, and, in natural environments, seems to be the result of sulphate- and iron-reducing bacteria activities (SRB and IRB, respectively). The studies performed to explain methylation investigating only one strain and/or bacteria group revealed that some microorganismgroups were able to methylate Hg as a detoxification process. In general, the studies were based on the cultures, isolation and identification of the strains. Other studies added obligate compounds for one selected metabolic pathway and then the Hg transformation was measured. Finally, added obligate compounds were measured for one selected metabolic pathway (i.e molybdate to inhibit sulphate-reduction) and the bacteria involved in methylation were determined.
Identifying chickpea homoclimes using the APSIM chickpea model

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) has been traditionally grown in India but is a relatively new export crop in Australia where its cultivation is expanding into new areas. The objective of this study was to identify homoclimes (i.e. similar chickpea-growing environments) in the major chickpea-growing areas of the 2 countries, using the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) chickpea model. The model, which processes climatic, soil, and plant information on a daily time step, was first validated and then used to simulate flowering, maturity, and grain yield of Amethyst, a mid-season cultivar, and Barwon, a full-season cultivar, on low (100 mm), medium (150 mm), and high (190 mm) water-holding capacity soils, using historical climatic data of 67 Australian and 24 Indian locations. The mean of annual outputs of flowering, maturity, and grain yield of the 2 cultivars on 3 soils was then clustered using Ward’s hierarchical complete linkage clustering procedure. At a 90% level of similarity, all the locations could be grouped into 6 homoclime clusters. The Australian locations appeared more diverse as they were present in all the clusters, whereas the Indian locations were present only in clusters 1, 2, and 6. While there were clear geographical patterns of spread of these clusters, in Australia they were not entirely related to latitude. The cluster 1 and 2 locations, which represent the largest chickpea-growing area in Australia, had homoclime locations in common with northern India. The clustering of locations appeared generally consistent with the known adaptation of chickpea in different environments of the 2 countries and therefore suggests that the methodology could be potentially used for complementing conventional approaches of introducing or exchanging germplasm, as well as determining appropriateness of breeding/testing sites.
Comprehensive School Counseling Programs and Academic Achievement— A Rejoinder to Brown and Trusty

In this brief article, the author responds to Brown and Trusty's assertion that based on the deficiencies of existing comprehensive school counseling program (CSCP) research, school counselors need not focus their time and effort on showing causal connections between their programs and measures of student academic achievement. Rather than defending the specific merits of the CSCP research, this rejoinder article addresses (a) the larger issue of whether Brown and Trusty have mischaracterized a key underlying results-based assumption of CSCPs, as well as (b) the value of multiple research paradigms in CSCP evaluation studies, and (c) the importance of systemic thinking and collaboration within CSCP research.
Academically Successful African American Male Urban High School Students’ Experiences of Mattering to Others at School

Mattering to others has been shown to be a key construct of mental health and wellness. Emerging research links interpersonal mattering and school climate. In this study, the authors use transcendental phenomenology to explore how interpersonal mattering impacts the academic achievement of urban African American males who are academically successful in high school. Implications for the integration of this new information in school counseling are discussed.
An integrative multidisciplinary approach to understanding cryptic divergence in Brazilian species of the Anastrepha fraterculus complex (Diptera: Tephritidae)

An integrative multidisciplinary approach was used to delimit boundaries among cryptic species within the Anastrepha fraterculus complex in Brazil. Sexual compatibility, courtship and sexual acoustic behaviour, female morphometric variability, variation for the mitochondrial gene COI, and the presence of Wolbachia were compared among A. fraterculus populations from the Southern (Vacaria, Pelotas, Bento Goncalves, Sao Joaquim) and Southeastern (Piracicaba) regions of Brazil. Our results suggest full mating compatibility among A. fraterculus populations from the Southern region and partial pre-zygotic reproductive isolation of these populations when compared with the population from the Southeastern region. A. fraterculus populations from both regions differed in the frequency of courtship displays and aspects of the calling phase and mounting acoustic signal. Morphometric analysis showed differences between Southern region and Southeastern region samples. All populations analyzed were infected with Wolbachia. The trees generated from the COI sequencing data are broadly congruent with the behavioural and morphometric data with the exception of one Southern population. The likely mechanisms by which A. fraterculus populations might have diverged are discussed in detail based on behavioural, morphometric, molecular genetics, and biogeographical studies.
FEEDING VALUE OF SINGLE CELL PROTEIN, PRODUCED FROM DATES, FOR LAYING HENS

The main objective of this research was to feed microbial protein, produced from date waste to Poultry. An experiment was conducted using different levels; 0, 5, 10 and 15 % of single cell protein yeast in the diets of laying hens. An intensive chemical analysis and True Metabolizable Energy determination were performed on the yeast. Based on these analyses an iso-nitrogenous, iso-caloric layer diets were formulated to feed sixty, 35 week old layers. The layers were distributed in 12 cages each containing 5 birds. The treatments were then distributed among the cages. A Completely Randomized Design was adopted. Data of the study were analyzed by the GLM procedure of SAS. Differences among means were tested by Duncan Multiple Range Test. The experiment continued for 24 weeks. The results of the energy determination and chemical analysis of the yeast showed that the True Metabolizable Energy was about 3380 kcal/kg, while the protein content was 48 %. This protein was found to be rich in Lysine (1.02 %). Level of fat in the yeast was only 6.41 %; however, its content from Oleic acid was 43.2%. Performance of the hens in terms of hen-day egg production, egg mass, egg weight and feed conversion was significantly (P<0.05) better when 5 % yeast was included in the ration. However there was a clear indication that addition of 15 % single cell protein may be harmful to the birds. It was concluded that adding 5 % single cell protein, produced from date waste to the poultry diet, produce no adverse effect to the performance of the birds and may be included in their diet.
Parthenocarpic Fruits Induced by Spraying with Growth Promoting Compounds

Parthenocarpy occurs naturally in a number of plant species and by a variety of means has been induced artificially in others. Recently GUSTAFSON (2) obtained fruit development in several species which normally do not exhibit parthenocarpy by applying lanolin mixtures of growth promoting compounds on the styles, which had first been cut off close to the ovaries. HAGEMANN (3) also obtained parthenocarpic fruits in the case of Gladiolus by applying to the stigmas indoleacetic acid in a lanolin paste. The present report is an account of experiments in producing parthenocarpic fruits by means of spraying the blossoms with aqueous solutions of several well known growth promoting compounds. It is concerned chiefly with the American holly, IZez otaca, but includes also results with the strawberry, the apple, and the grape. The American holly is particularly well adapted for experiments on parthenocarpy in that it is dioecious, and the pistillate plants, which of course require no prior emasculation, can easily be protected from chance pollination. Moreover no development of the fruit, such as is common in unpollinated cucurbits, has previously been observed to occur in Ilex otaca without pollination, despite frequent attempts to induce fruit setting artificially. In some species, however, for example I. cornvZa, parthenocarpy is not uncommon. Experimental work on the various steps necessary in the production of small, fruit bearing plants of the American holly has been in progress for several years. Such plants, with their attractive green leaves and contrasting red fruits, are of value to the florist during the Christmas eason. One of the laborious teps in the production of good plants has been hand pollination in order to insure a full set of
DEVELOPING A FLUORESCENT LATEX MICROPARTICLE IMMUNOASSAY USING ALEXA FLUOR 568 FOR DETECTION OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN A1

Staphylococcus aureus produces heat-stable toxins that cause major foodborne gastroenteritis. Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is the most recovered toxin in staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks. A sensitive method for the detection of SEA is needed for food safety and food defense monitoring. The objectives of this study were to develop a fluorescent immunoassay for the detection of SEA below the toxic level of 1 ng/mL and to minimize sample preparation. An affinity-purified anti-SEA was covalently linked to polystyrene microparticles. The SEA toxin was labeled with Alexa Fluor 568 (A568). The concentrations of these reagents were optimized for the detection of SEA in buffer and spiked hotdogs. SEA in samples was captured by the anti-SEA linked to the latex, followed by the binding of the SEA–A568 tracer. The latex–anti-SEA complex, bound with SEA and SEA–A568, was separated by centrifugation, and the fluorescent density of the supernatant was measured. SEA was detected at 0.25–10 ng/mL in buffer and in spiked hotdogs (ng/g). This fluorescent latex particle immunoassay can be utilized for the detection of SEA in a multitoxin detection system.