Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extraction/exportation of macronutrients by cladodes of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear under different spacings and organic fertilization

Extração/exportação de macronutrientes por cladódios de palma forrageira ‘Gigante’ sob diferentes espaçamentos e adubação orgânica R E S U M O Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a extração/exportação de macronutrientes por cladódios colhidos da palma forrageira ‘Gigante’, cultivada sob diferentes espaçamentos e doses de esterco bovino aplicadas ao solo aos 600 dias após o plantio. Foram utilizados 12 tratamentos, três espaçamentos (1,00 x 0,50; 2,00 x 0,25 e 3,00 x 1,00 x 0,25 m) e quatro doses de esterco bovino (0; 30; 60 e 90 Mg ha-1 ano-1), dispostos em fatorial 3 x 4 num delineamento em blocos casualizados e três repetições. Determinaram-se a extração/exportação de: N, P, K, S, Ca e Mg cujos respectivos valores para máxima produção de matéria seca (21,8 Mg ha-1), com uma dose de esterco de 71,8 Mg ha-1 ano-1 foram: 287,9; 46,2; 924,2; 40,7; 609,7 e 249,1 kg ha-1, aos 600 dias após plantio. As quantidades extraídas de N, P, K e Ca variaram de forma independente com espaçamentos e doses de esterco enquanto as de Mg e S foram dependentes da interação entre os fatores. As doses de esterco são insuficientes para atender às quantidades extraídas/exportadas de K, Ca e Mg. Os incrementos nas doses promovem maior extração de nutrientes pela planta. Os macronutrientes extraídos/ exportados em maior quantidade são: K, Ca, N, Mg, P e S, nesta ordem.
Etiology and management of Fusarium crown and root rot (Fusarium oxysporum) on greenhouse pepper in Ontario, Canada

Abstract Infection of greenhouse pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) by Fusarium oxysporum was observed in two commercial operations in Ontario, causing plant death and yield losses. The pathogen was identified based on cultural, morphological and pathogenicity tests supplemented by PCR amplification of TEF primers. Following inoculation, symptoms of mild stunting occurred within 5–6 weeks, followed by more severe stunting later. Other symptoms, such as chlorosis, wilting and necrosis of the lower foliage, did not become readily evident until about 60 days after inoculation. At 77 days after inoculation, there was considerable brown-black discolouration and decay of crown tissue but little internal stem discolouration or damage beyond the crown portion was observed. Roots were dark brown to black, severely decayed, and easily separated from the surrounding rock wool medium. The fungus was not pathogenic to greenhouse tomato, cucumber or eggplant, nor to field crops such as bean, chickpea or zucchini squash. There were no significant differences in virulence among isolates but differences in resistance/susceptibility among pepper cultivars were observed. The fungicides Medallion® (fludioxonil) and Senator® (thiophanate-methyl) were as effective as bio-control products Mycostop® (Streptomyces griseoviridis) and Prestop® (Gliocladium catenulatum) in limiting Fusarium crown and root rot in greenhouse pepper. Aspects of an integrated disease management strategy are discussed.
Effects of P190b Over-Expression on Mammary Epithelial Cell Morphology and Behavior

by David Johnson p190B RhoGAP is a negative regulator of the RHO GTPase signaling pathway. Rho signaling is involved in proliferation, migration, polarity and cytoskeletal rearrangement. It has also been shown to be elevated in many forms of cancer. In the developing mouse mammary gland p190B is expressed in the terminal end buds(TEBs), which are the proliferative structures responsible for expanding the ductal system into the mammary fat pad during virgin mammary gland development. Overexpression of p190B during development leads to disruption of the stromal composition of the TEBs. In addition, ductal tree expansion and morphology is abnormal and is characterized by increased branching, lack of organization and stunted expansion of the tree into the fat pad. Overexpression of p190B during pregnancy has also been shown to result in the development of hyperplastic lesions. In this project we aim to determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which p190B overexpression disrupts mammary gland development. For this we have mimicked mammary gland ductal development using a three dimensional culture technique. Primary mammary epithelial cells(MECs) are harvested and placed in single
Effects of Nitrate on the Growth of Lateral Root and Nitrogen Absorption in Rice

Lateral root is primary organ for plant to explore and utilize soil nutrient efficiently. The development of lateral roots (LR) is controlled by both genetic factors and nutrient status in environment. To investigate the effects of nitrate (NO - 3) on rice lateral root growth and nitrogen (N) uptake efficiency under upland condition, three treatments, including root_split culture and whole plant culture in N sufficient and deficient conditions, were used in a vermiculite culture experiment. Root_split treatment showed that the growth of lateral roots was stimulated by localized nitrate supply. However, in whole plant culture, elongation of lateral roots was induced by NO - 3 deficiency. The effects of NO - 3 on rice lateral root growth were genotype_dependent. Similar N concentration, soluble sugar concentration and N content in shoot were observed in both root_split treatment and whole plant culture under NO - 3 sufficient condition, suggesting that the nitrogen requirement for rice normal growth could be satisfied with only half of roots supplied with NO - 3. In the root_split treatment, N uptake was positively correlated with the average of lateral root length (ALRL) in NO - 3_supplied side, suggesting that the ALRL is important for rice root N uptake in the environment where the nitrogen nutrient is limiting factor. No significant correlation was observed between N uptake and ALRL in whole plant culture under N sufficient condition, which implies that the length of lateral roots may not be the main factor to determine the rice root N uptake in nutrient_rich zone. Morphological and metabolic evidence in this study provided some prospects for genetic improvement of root system characters to improve the efficiency of nutrient absorption in rice.
Vaccination with a Streptomycin-Resistant Strain of Salmonella enteric serovar Enteritidis lacking pefA and spvC Genes Reduces Cecal Colonization and Organ Invasion in SPF Chicks

A.J.P.Ferreiraa ajpferr@usp.br Salmonellosis is one of the most important food-borne diseases and remains an important pathogen of poultry. In this study was evaluated the protection of a vaccine containing a streptomycin-resistant strain of Salmonella entericas erovar Enteritidis lacking pefA and spvC genes with respect to cecal colonization, organ invasion and excretion in SPF chicks and the potential use as a vaccine candidate was tested. Streptomycin-mutant strain was obtained by exposure to high concentration of streptomycin. Parent and resistant strain were evaluated phenotypically by measuring biochemical properties, growth rate and antibiotic resistance, and genetically for expression of twenty-three genes. Mutant strain was tested in SPF chickens by testing excretion, and by challenge using a wildtype isolate three weeks after immunization evaluating cecal colonization and organ invasion. Streptomycin-resistant strain showed lack of expression of pefA and spvC when compared to the parent strain. DNA sequencing of a PCRamplified gyrA fragment detected one point of mutation Ser15→Phe. Biochemical properties did not change. Growth rate differences were observed between parent and mutant strains, showing a generation time was increased fivefold in the mutant strain. Excretion of the vaccine strain was reduced 50% at the second week compared to the positive control group and no excretion of the vaccine strain was detected at the third week. Cecal colonization and organ invasion were significantly reduced in the vaccinated group, 80% and 70%, respectively. The vaccine strain was not detected in cecal and organ samples at the end of the trial. Attenuated strains produced by selecting for resistance to streptomycin have been described in mice. This study showed that streptomycinresistant strain may be an important factor in the attenuation, suggesting that after exposure to streptomycin the parent isolate lost the expression of pefA and spvC genes and it could be a vaccine candidate to protect chicks against a Salmonella Enteritidis challenge.
A dataset of sequences with manually curated V(D)J designations

Repertoire Sequencing (RepSeq) studies analyze and quantify clones from lymphocyte sequences with V(D)J recombinations. Mapping a sequence to V(D)J genes is a fundamental operation in immunoinformatics. This operation should be of highest quality possible. We present here a collection of 238 test sequences coming from patient clones, covering all human TR and Ig loci, with manually curated V(D)J designations. These designations were checked by hand, possibly with the help of some bioinformatics tools. Tests may range from very easy cases with unambiguous V(D)J designations to borderline or difﬁcult cases, including incomplete or unusual recombinations or translocations. This collection of sequences, distributed as open-source data, may help to benchmark or to improve the robustness of any software doing immune repertoire sequencing (RepSeq) analysis.
Study of secondary metabolite constituents and curcumin contents of six different species of genus Curcuma

Curcuma is a rhizomatous perennial plant which belongs to family Zingiberaceae having various ethnomedicinal significance. In this study, six different species of genus Curcuma i.e., C. amada, C. caesia, C. angustifolia, C. leucorrhiza, C. longa and C. zedoaria were screened for the presence of major secondary metabolites and curcumin contents were also analyzed. The dried and powdered rhizomes of each species were extracted with ethanol using Soxhlet extraction method. Phytochemical screening of ethanolic extracts of each species was performed qualitatively. Phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract of six species showed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins and saponins. Further, the curcumin contents of the ethanolic extracts of C. longa, C. zedoaria, C. angustifolia, C. leucorrhiza, C. amada and C. caesia were 125mg/100g, 88mg/100g, 71mg/100g, 15mg/100g, 11mg/100g and 8mg/100g of extract powder respectively.
Production and Characterization of Partially Purified Chitosanase Enzyme of Bacillus cereus A4/B4 Isolated from Biowaste Soil Samples:Bioactive Chitooligosaccharide

Chitooligosaccharides from chitosan and chitin have various versatile functional properties including water solubility, antimicrobial activities and antitumor activity. Chitooligosaccharides obtained by the chemical conversion of chitosan lead to low yield, short chain oligosaccharides, high cost of separation and environmental pollution. The enzymatic conversion of the chitosan is the advantageous method due to the environmental compatibility, low cost, reproducibility, mild condition and controllable conditions [1]. Many chitosanases have been isolated from microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes. Chitosanases belong to glycosyl hydrolase family acting on β1, 4 glycosidic linkage of chitosan to depolymerize into chitosanoligosaccharides. According to the similarity of amino acid sequence chitosanase are grouped into five glycoAbstract
Effects of addition of Kappaphycus alvarezii on physicochemical properties and lipid oxidation of mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) sausages

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine both the physicochemical properties and lipid oxidation of sausages made from mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) and the edible seaweed, Kappaphycus alvarezii (KA). Design/methodology/approach Four different sausage formulations were produced with different formulations containing 0(KA0), 2 (KA2), 4 (KA4) and 6 per cent (KA6) of KA. Findings Results have shown that the addition of KA increased the hardness and chewiness parameters, water holding capacity, redness (a*-value) and the pH value of the MDCM sausages (p 0.05). The addition of KA reduced the cooking loss of MDCM sausages (p<0.05). However, the addition of KA made the sausages darker (lower L*-value) (p<0.05). Furthermore, the addition of KA aided in the reduction of lipid oxidation in the MDCM sausages when they were refrigerated at a temperature of 4°C for 12 days. The MDCM sausages that contained KA had lower two-thiobarbituric acid test values compared to the control sample (p<0.05) during the 12 days of storage at 4°C. Originality/value The addition of KA seaweed can potentially produce better quality MDCM sausages in terms of physicochemical properties and reduce the rate of lipid oxidation.
Captive-rearing state endangered crawfish frogs Lithobates areolatus from Indiana, USA

Crawfish frogs Lithobates areolatus inhabit the tallgrass prairie of the southeastern Great Plains and Mississippi Delta, and have recently been considered for US federal listing under the Endangered Species Act. Here we attempt to determine the feasibility of head-starting crawfish frog tadpoles, and establish captive-rearing protocols. Captive-rearing produced more juveniles from fewer egg masses than a natural wetland in each year from 2013–2015, and survivorship of captive-reared tadpoles exceeded that of wild tadpoles. However, high rates of malformations, partial cannibalism, disease, and predation were seen among frogs in some years, and we therefore refined protocols to reduce these issues.
Accumulation of sensory evidence is impaired in Parkinson’s disease with visual hallucinations

Models of hallucinations across disorders emphasise an imbalance between sensory input and top-down influences over perception. However, the psychological and mechanistic correlates of this imbalance remain underspecified. Visual hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are associated with impairments in lower level visual processes and attention, accompanied by over activity and connectivity in higher-order association brain networks. PD therefore provides an attractive framework to explore the relative contributions of bottom-up versus top-down disturbances in hallucinations. Here, we characterised sensory processing in PD patients with and without visual hallucinations, and in healthy controls, by fitting a hierarchical drift diffusion model (hDDM) to an attentional task. The hDDM uses Bayesian estimates to decompose reaction time and response output into parameters reflecting drift rates of evidence accumulation, decision thresholds and non-decision time. We observed slower drift rates in PD patients with hallucinations, which were insensitive to changes in task demand. In contrast, wider decision boundaries and shorter non-decision times relative to controls were found in PD regardless of hallucinator status. Inefficient and less flexible sensory evidence accumulation emerge as unique features of PD hallucinators. We integrate these results with current models of hallucinations, suggesting that slow and inefficient sensory input in PD is less informative, and may therefore be down-weighted leading to an over reliance on top-down influences. Our findings provide a novel computational framework to better specify the impairments in dynamic sensory processing that are a risk factor for visual hallucinations.
MAPPING ASTROCYTE DEVELOPMENT IN THE DORSAL CORTEX OF THE MOUSE BRAIN

Astrocytes are the most abundant cell in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) where they play essential roles in brain development and neuronal function. It is generally accepted that astrocytes first appear in the developing brain after most neurons have already been generated. The prevailing understanding is that cortical astrocytes are largely generated from two sources: 1) bipotential radial glia (RG) that first produce projection neurons and 2) progenitor cells in the postnatal subventricular zone (SVZ). When astrocytes first begin to differentiate and colonize the developing cerebral cortex and whether bipotential embryonic RG and postnatal SVZ progenitors belong to a single astrocyte lineage or represent two distinct populations remain to be determined. Our lab has previously described a subset of primitive neuroepithelial-like cells in the human central nervous system (CNS) express the beta-IV isoform of tubulin (BT4). Here, the development of these cells is followed, both in vivo and in vitro, by crossing BT4-Cre transgenic mice with Cre-dependent ROSA reporter mouse lines. These studies mainly focus on BT4-Cre/ROSA (mT/mG) bigenic mice, though observations, technical considerations and overall interpretations using other ROSA reporters are addressed and discussed in Chapters 2, 3 and 5. In BT4-Cre/ROSA (mT/mG) mice, EGFP+ NE cells appear as early as embryonic day (E) 7.5. BT4-Cre/EGFP+ NE cells become RG that do not appear to generate EGFP-positive neuronal progenitors or neurons. During neurogenesis (E14.5), BT4-Cre/EGFP RG divide asymmetrically in the SVZ to generate
Distribution, numbers, and habitat of Bristle-thighed Curlews ( Numinous tahitiensis ) on Rangiroa atoll

We assessed the numbers, distribution, and habitat of Bristle-thighed Curlews (Numenius rahitiensis) on Rangiroa Atoll, Tuamotu Archipelago, during a visit in April 1988. We estimated a total of 250-350 curlews on the ? ioll. These birds were seen only on the southern and western rims, where they were most common on (1) saltpans within clusters of small islets and (2) narrow channels between islets that were bordered by shrubs and herb mats. The distribution of curlews on Rangiroa appeared to be determined by the distribution of humans and their commensal animals and by the availability of habitats. Given the species' relatively low numbers, low reproductive rate, and prebasic moult which, for some adults, entails a flightless period, conservation and management efforts must begin on the non-breeding grounds. These efforts should focus on reducing or eliminating potential mortality factors such as subsistence harvest, introduced predators, and contaminants. Countries throughout the species' non-breeding range are encouraged to be active in these efforts. INTRODUCTION The Bristle-thighed Curlew (Numenius tahitiensis) breeds in remote, mountainous regions of western Alaska (McCaffery & Peltola 1986, Kessel 1989, Gill et al. 1991) and is the only migratory shorebird confined to islands and atolls during the non-breeding season. Almost all aspects of its biology are poorly known, and only recently have studies been initiated to learn more about the species. Curlews are found on their non-breeding grounds throughout the year, but are most abundant there during the austral summer (Holyoak & Thibault 1984, Pratt et al. 1987). With few exceptions, information about the species during the non-breeding period is limited to accounts of its distribution (but see Lacan & Mougin 1974, Marks et al. 1990, Kepler et al., in press). The overall lack of knowledge about the species, its relatively small total population, and the potential for accelerated resource development on the breeding grounds prompted the US Fish and Wildlife Service to begin a comprehensive study of the Bristle-thighed Curlew in 1987, including all phases of its annual cycle. In April 1988, we visited Rangiroa Atoll to collect basic information about the status, distribution, abundance, and habitat of curlews in the Tuarnotu Archipelago. Here we describe the distribution and number of curlews on Rangiroa and how they used the available habitats; we then discuss the conservation and management needs of the species on its non-breeding grounds.
Conception rate of lactating cows and heifers (Bos taurus X Bos indicus) for sexed and conventional semen in artificial insemination

The objective of this study was to evaluate the conception rate of crossbred heifers (n=50) and cows (n=50) inseminated with sexed and conventional semen between 18 and 24 hours after estrous detection. The synchronization protocol of the estrous cycle started on day zero (D0) by inserting the intravaginal device with 1g progesterone (Sincrogest® Ourofino, Brazil) and injecting 2 mg of estradiol benzoate, intramuscularly (Sincrodiol® Ourofino, Brazil). On the fifth day (D5), 200 IU of equine chorionic gonadotrophin was injected intramuscularly (Folligon®, Intervet, Brazil). On the eighth day (D8), after removing the progesterone device, 500 g of sodium cloprostenol was injected intramuscularly (Sincrocio®, Ourofino, Brazil). After that, the animals were checked for estrus 3 times daily, and inseminated 18 to 24 hours after estrus detection. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 30 to 40 days after insemination. Conception rate did not differ (P> 0.05) according to animal category, but was higher for conventional semen compared to sexed semen when evaluating the total of animals and lactating cows (P <0.05). Artificial insemination of heifers with sexed semen 18 to 24 hours after estrus detection was effective, however, conventional semen was more efficient in lactating cows.
Influence of virtual agent politeness behaviors on how users join small conversational groups

Politeness behaviors could affect individuals' decisions heavily in their daily lives and may therefore also play an important role in human-agent interactions. This study considers the impact of politeness behaviors made by a virtual agent, already in a small face-to-face conversational group with another agent, on a human participant as they approach to join it in a virtual environment displayed on a monitor. The agent uses five verbal and nonverbal politeness strategies, ranging from indirect and implicit to direct and explicit, in an attempt to influence the participant to join the group at an inconvenient location, which requires more time and effort than a direct route that would ignore the invitation of the agent. In addition to assessing the success of the strategies at influencing participant behavior, the participants' perception of the agent's persuasive behavior is assessed in relation to clarity, face loss, positive face, and negative face. Based on results from a within-subjects experiment with 30 participants, we found that more direct and explicit politeness strategies have a higher level of success when requesting a participant to join a small group at an inconvenient location, but sometimes negatively impact their perception of the agent. A positive politeness strategy was found to be the most effective for both persuasive success and maintaining a positive impression of the agent.
Simulation Analysis of Aviation Aluminum Alloy Reaming Processes by Using PCD Reamer

Cutting force and cutting temperature are two important parameters in the cutting processes. In this paper, AdvantEdge finite element analysis software was used to simulate and analyze the reaming process of aviation aluminum alloy 7050 by using PCD reamer. The cutting simulation model was established to investigate the effect of spindle speed, feed per tooth on thrust force and cutting temperature. Simulation results showed that the cutting force increased with the increase of feed per tooth at different spindle speeds. And in the case of different feed per tooth, the cutting force decreased slightly as the spindle speed increase. Besides, from the cutting temperature distributed in the reamer, the cutting temperature near the tip of the tool in the reaming process was highest, the cutting temperature increased with the increase of both spindle speed and feed per tooth.