Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drain Current Response to Fast Illumination Pulse for Amorphous In–Ga–Zn-O Thin-Film Transistors

In this paper, the characteristic of the amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide thin-film transistors under steady bias and fast multiple-pulse illumination stress is analyzed. The change in the drain current (ΔID) with respect to time is measured under different light intensities and pulse frequencies. The mechanism is proposed to explain the results by correlating the oxygen vacancy (VO) reacting with the light-induced electron- hole (e-h) pairs. The results can be well analyzed by the fitting formula and parameters for the different light pulse frequencies. The tendency proves that not all the VO react with e-h pairs at the same reaction rate. It is observed for the first time the number of VO with fast reaction decreases with the pulse frequency. A model is proposed to describe the relation between the number and reaction rate of VO.
Propositionalization for Unsupervised Outlier Detection in Multi-Relational Data

We develop a novel propositionalization approach to unsuper- vised outlier detection for multi-relational data. Propositionalization summarizes the information from multi-relational data, that are typically stored in multiple tables, in a single data table. The columns in the data table represent con- junctive relational features that are learned from the data. An advantage of propositionalization is that it facilitates applying the many previous outlier detection methods that were designed for single-table data. We show that conjunc- tive features for outlier detection can be learned from data using statistical-relational methods. Speciﬁcally, we apply Markov Logic Network structure learning. Compared to baseline propositionalization methods, Markov Logic proposi- tionalization produces the most compact data tables, whose attributes capture the most complex multi-relational correla- tions. We apply three representative outlier detection methods ( LOF , KNNOutlier , OutRank ) to the data tables constructed by propositionalization. For each outlier detection method, Markov Logic propositionalization provided the best average accuracy over all datasets.
A Hand Gesture Recognition Sensor Using Reflected Impulses

This paper introduces a hand gesture recognition sensor using ultra-wideband impulse signals, which are reflected from a hand. The reflected waveforms in time domain are determined by the reflection surface of a target. Thus every gesture has its own reflected waveform. Thus we propose to use machine learning, such as convolutional neural network (CNN) for the gesture classification. The CNN extracts its own feature and constructs classification model then classifies the reflected waveforms. Six hand gestures from american sign language (ASL) are used for an experiment and the result shows more than 90% recognition accuracy. For fine movements, a rotating plaster model is measured with 10° step. An average recognition accuracy is also above 90%.
CMS Note November 7 , 2000 Application of Neural Networks for Energy Reconstruction

The possibility to use Neural Networks for reconstruction of the energy deposited in the calorimetry system of the CMS detector is investigated. It is shown that using feed — forward neural network, good linearity, Gaussian energy distribution and good energy resolution can be achieved. Significant improvement of the energy resolution and linearity is reached in comparison with other weighting methods for energy reconstruction. Submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods A a) Now at INRNE, Sofia, Bulgaria
Using a projected Trompe L'Oeil to highlight a church interior from the inside

The St. Willibrordus Church in the city centre of Utrecht (The Netherlands) is a prime example of the Gothic Revival architecture. The richly decorated church interior is, unfortunately, one of the best kept secrets of the city. In the semi-permanent art installation presented in this paper, imagery showing the church interior is projected on the outside walls of the entrance of the church. By projecting onto a spherical mirror suspended from the entrance ceiling, the projection is reflected onto three walls and the ceiling. The resulting image, when seen from the street-level outside, creates a perspective illusion. This paper shows how the installation was implemented in the church in an unobtrusive way, and explains the calibration system that was developed for determining the pre-distortions required to project the Trompe L'Oeil.
Follicle stimulating hormone and its rate of change in defining menopause transition stages.

CONTEXT/OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to identify menopause transition stages using acceleration or deceleration patterns of FSH rates of change from the late reproductive years to postmenopause. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Participants were the Michigan Bone Health and Metabolism Study cohort of 629 women, aged 24-44 yr (in 1992/3), with 5757 annual FSH data points over a 14-yr period. DESIGN/MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The study was designed to relate acceleration/deceleration patterns in FSH rate of change to time to final menstrual period (FMP) and chronological age using nonparametric and piecewise regression modeling. RESULTS Four major FSH stages, based on rate of FSH change patterns, were identifiable in relation to the FMP. In FSH stage 1, the rate of FSH change increased modestly up to -7 yr prior to the FMP; in FSH stage 2 (-7 to -2 yr prior to FMP), there was a major acceleration in FSH rate of change. FSH stage 3 had an acute increase in FSH rate of change (-2 to +1 yr around the FMP), with average FSH level of 34 mIU/ml. The fourth, or plateau, FSH stage began at 1 yr after FMP when the average FSH level was 54 mIU/ml. During the yr 28-60, there were eight age-specific epochs defined by significant changes of FSH trajectory accelerations or decelerations and rate of change. CONCLUSIONS Four menopause transition stages bounding the FMP and eight epochs in chronological aging from age 28 to 60 yr were defined by changes of FSH trajectory accelerations/decelerations and rates of change. This timing information, combined with knowledge of FSH levels and menstrual cycle characteristics, can help discern the likely status of women with respect to their reproductive viability and menopause transition stage.
Unsupervised Learning of Semantic Relations for Molecular Biology Ontologies

Manual ontology building in the biomedical domain is a work-intensive task requiring the participation of both domain and knowledge representation experts. The representation of biomedical knowledge has been found of great use for biomedical text mining and integration of biomedical data. In this chapter we present an unsupervised method for learning arbitrary semantic relations between ontological concepts in the molecular biology domain. The method uses the GENIA corpus and ontology to learn relations between annotated named-entities by means of several standard natural language processing techniques. An in-depth analysis of the output evaluates the accuracy of the model and its potentials for text mining and ontology building applications. The proposed learning method does not require domain-specific optimization or tuning and can be straightforwardly applied to arbitrary domains, provided the basic processing components exist.
Affective States and the Assessment of Laboratory-Induced Animal Welfare Impacts

When considering the impact of manipulating sentient animals for research, teaching, and testing (Rtt) purposes, the predominant concern is the elicitation of negative experiences which, when extreme, may cause high levels of suffering (Mellor and Reid, 1994). the conscientious application of the three Rs tenets of replacement, reduction and refinement, formulated by Russell and Burch (1959), has become the primary guide to minimizing such negative experiences. However, in order to fully realize the beneficial effects of Three Rs applications, it is necessary to recognize the wide range of possible negative experiences RTT activities may cause and to identify specifically which ones may be generated by particular manipulations. It is also important to consider the negative impacts of preventing positive experiences animals used in Rtt may otherwise have.
Towards a systemic framework for capturing and explaining the effects of academic R&D

In the EU, it is believed that the potential benefits of academic R&D are not fully reaped. Much attention is, therefore, given to enhancing commercialisation in the form of academic spin-offs, patents and licences. There are, however, a number of problems with this way of analysing the effects of academic R&D. Its contribution must instead be captured by a systems approach and we go some way towards developing such an analytical framework. This enables us to capture, explain and assess the effects of academic R&D on the dynamics of an innovation system. We apply this framework to the received literature which informs us of a great variety of impacts on such systems. Conventional indicators cover, therefore, just a small part of the full impact of academic R&D.
Classroom Race/Ethnic Composition, Family-School Connections, and the Transition to School

Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten Cohort (N = 13,970), we examined whether two aspects of school-family connections, parental involvement and communication quality, accounted for the association between classroom composition and children's academic and socioemotional functioning following the transition to elementary school. For students with more same-race/ethnic representation in their classrooms, greater classroom race/ethnic diversity promoted more parental involvement, which in turn promoted children's interpersonal skills and reading achievement. Classroom diversity made little difference to parental involvement when students had fewer same-race/ethnic peers in the classroom. Teacher–parent communication quality did not emerge as an explanatory mechanism, and findings did not vary by the race/ethnic match between students and their teachers.
Methylation status of genes in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES To determine the methylation status of gene promoter regions using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in genes encoding for thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), E-cadherin (ECAD), sodium iodide symporter protein (NIS-L), ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), and death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) proteins and if methylation status correlates with patient variables, tumor factors, or outcome measures among patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. DESIGN Database query and retrospective medical chart review for patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer and nonmalignant thyroid conditions treated at our institutions (1996-2004). Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was performed, and results were compared with controls for these genes. Methylation status was then compared with patient variables, tumor factors, and outcome measures for patients with thyroid carcinoma and controls. PATIENTS The study population comprised 32 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and 27 controls. RESULTS In our patients, all 5 genes were methylated more frequently in papillary thyroid carcinoma than in controls. NIS-L trended toward a more advanced stage at presentation. NIS-L methylation in cancer cells was not associated with methylation in adjacent benign tissue, unlike the other 4 genes. Neither age nor sex affected methylation status, and methylation status did not correlate with extent of the primary tumor or presence of nodal metastasis at diagnosis. Tumors recurred less frequently in patients with TSHR methylation than in patients with unmethylated TSHR promoter regions. CONCLUSIONS Promoter methylation may be a marker for malignancy in thyroid carcinoma. Furthermore, methylation status of tumors as determined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction may help in determining patient prognosis.
Various regimens for prophylactic treatment of patients with haemophilia

Haemophilia prophylaxis is superior to on‐demand treatment to prevent joint damage. ‘High‐dose prophylaxis’ as used in Sweden is more effective in preventing arthropathy than an ‘intermediate‐dose regimen’ (the Netherlands) and the Canadian tailored primary prophylaxis. Prophylaxis may reduce the risk of developing inhibitors. There is no difference in inhibitor risk between plasma derived and recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) products but the Rodin study showed increased risk with second‐generation rFVIII products. MRI is a new and very sensitive tool to detect the symptoms of early arthropathy but some results (soft tissue changes in ‘bleed‐free joints’) still need to be investigated. Ultrasound is a very helpful method to aid diagnosis especially during the acute phase of a bleed. The risk of infection with central venous access remains a matter of debate. A fully implanted central venous access device (CVAD) has a significant lower risk of infection compared to external CVADs. Patient's age under 6 yr and inhibitor presence are additional risk factors for infections. The role of arteriovenous fistulae needs to be investigated because significant complications have been reported. Disease‐specific quality of life instruments are complementary to generic instruments evaluating QoL in patients with haemophilia and have become important health outcome measures.
Transmembrane Domain-Mediated Colocalization of HLA-DM and HLA-DR Is Required for Optimal HLA-DM Catalytic Activity1

HLA-DM catalyzes peptide loading and exchange reactions by MHC class II molecules. Soluble recombinant DM, lacking transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, was observed to have 200- to 400-fold less activity compared with the full-length protein in assays measuring DM-catalyzed peptide dissociation from purified HLA-DR1 in detergent solutions. Additional studies with truncated soluble DR1 demonstrated that transmembrane domains in DR1 molecules are also required for optimal activity. The potential requirement for specific interaction between the transmembrane domains of DM and DR was ruled out in experiments with chimeric DR1 molecules containing transmembrane domains from either DM or the unrelated protein CD80. These results suggested that the major role of the transmembrane domains is to facilitate colocalization of DM and DR in detergent micelles. The latter conclusion was further supported by the observation that HLA-DM-catalyzed peptide binding to certain murine class II proteins is increased by reducing the volume of detergent micelles. The importance of membrane colocalization was directly demonstrated in experiments in which DM and DR were reconstituted separately or together into membrane bilayers in unilamellar liposomes. Our findings demonstrate the importance of membrane anchoring in DM activity and underscore the potential importance of membrane localization in regulating peptide exchange by class II molecules.
Tranilast InhibitsHormoneRefractory Prostate CancerCell ProliferationandSuppressesTransforming Growth Factor b 1-AssociatedOsteoblastic Changes

BACKGROUND. Tranilast is a therapeutic agent used in treatment of allergic diseases, although it has been reported to show anti-tumor effects on some cancer cells. To elucidate the effects of tranilast on prostate cancer, we investigated the mechanisms of its anti-tumor effect on prostate cancer. METHODS. The anti-tumor effects and related mechanisms of tranilast were investigated both in vitro on prostate cancer cell lines and bone-derived stromal cells, and in vivo on severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. We verified its clinical effect in patients with advanced hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). RESULTS. Tranilast inhibited the proliferation of LNCaP, LNCaP-SF, and PC-3 cells in a dosedependent manner and growth of the tumor formed by inoculation of LNCaP-SF in the dorsal subcutis and in the tibia of castrated SCID mice. Flow cytometry and TUNEL assay revealed induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by tranilast. Tranilast increased expression of proteins involved in induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Coculture with bone-derived stromal cells induced proliferation of LNCaP-SF cells. Tranilast also suppressed secretion of transforming growth factor b1 (TGF-b1) from bone-derived stromal cells, which induced their differentiation. Moreover, tranilast inhibited TGF-b1-mediated differentiation of bone-derived stromal cells and LNCaP-SF cell migration induced by osteopontin. In the clinical investigation, PSA progression was inhibited in 4 of 16 patients with advanced HRPC. CONCLUSIONS. These observations suggest that tranilast may be a useful therapeutic agent for treatment of HRPC via the direct inhibitory effect on cancer cells and suppression of TGF-b1associated osteoblastic changes in bone metastasis. Prostate 69: 1222–1234, 2009. # 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Bioprocess exploration for thermostable α-amylase production of a deep-sea thermophile Geobacillus sp. in high-temperature bioreactor

ABSTRACT Geobacillus sp. 4j, a deep-sea high-salt thermophile, was found to produce thermostable α-amylase. In this work, culture medium and conditions were first optimized to enhance the production of thermostable α-amylase by statistical methodologies. The resulting extracellular production was increased by five times and reached 6.40 U/ml. Then, a high-temperature batch culture of the thermophile in a 15 l in-house-designed bioreactor was studied. The results showed that a relatively high dissolved oxygen (600 rpm and 15 l/min) and culture temperature of 60°C facilitated both cell growth and α-amylase production. Thus, an efficient fermentation process was established with initial medium of pH 6.0, culture temperature of 60°C, and dissolved oxygen above 20%. It gave an α-amylase production of 79 U/ml and productivity of 19804 U/l·hr, which were 10.8 and 208 times higher than those in shake flask, respectively. This work is useful for deep-sea high-salt thermophile culture, where efforts are lacking presently.
Pharmacogenetics and Treatment Response in Narcolepsy Type 1: Relevance of the Polymorphisms of the Drug Transporter Gene ABCB1

ObjectiveNarcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a chronic hypersomnia clinically characterized by daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. Narcolepsy type 1 treatments target individual symptoms: wake-promoting agents (eg, modafinil) are effective for sleepiness, antidepressants (eg, venlafaxine) on cataplexy, whereas sodium oxybate on both. Narcolepsy type 1 patients variably respond to modafinil and venlafaxine independently of individual clinical features.Given the potential influence of drug transmembrane transport (glycoprotein-P) on drug response, we explored the relation between genetic polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene and clinical response to modafinil/venlafaxine in NT1. MethodsIndividual drug response and genotypes were assessed in 107 NT1 patients (males/females, 64/43; mean age, 38 ± 21 years) treated with modafinil and/or venlafaxine at stable doses for at least 3 months. Minisequencing was performed to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ABCB1. Patients with different responses to treatment were contrasted by Fisher exact test and multivariate analysis. ResultsThe ABCB1 diplotype was significantly associated with clinical response to modafinil, with the CGC-TTT (1236/2677/3435) being more frequent in the modafinil responder versus nonresponder group (P = 0.013). Conversely, no significant associations with clinical response to venlafaxine were found. ConclusionsThe ABCB1 variants modulate therapeutic response to modafinil and may partly explain pharmacoresistance in NT1 patients.
Endothelial cell response to lactate: Implication of PAR modification of VEGF

Angiogenesis, the process of formation of new blood vessels from pre‐existing one, occurs in many physiological and pathological conditions, most of which are underlined by hypoxia and resultant accumulation of lactate. Although lactate is known to induce angiogenesis, the mechanism of its action on endothelial cells (ECs) is not known. The present study was designed to examine the response of ECs to lactate. Morphological analysis revealed that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in culture respond to lactate by switching over to angiogenic phenotype concomitant with upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGFR2) as determined by reverse transcription‐PCR (RT‐PCR). Apart from increase in the levels of VEGF protein as determined by ELISA, chorio allantoic membrane (CAM) assay using the cell extracts revealed that lactate also increased the angiogenic potency of VEGF. Isolated VEGF, when blotted and subsequently probed with anti‐PAR antibody, revealed considerable reduction in poly‐adenosyl ribosylation of VEGF associated with a significant decrease in the levels of NAD+, in presence of lactate. Thus it appears that ECs respond to lactate by increasing the production of VEGF and modulating its angiogenic potency through poly‐ADP ribosylation (PAR)‐dependent mechanism and thereby switch over to angiogenic phenotype. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 477–485, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developing family care plans: A systems perspective for helping hospice families

Although terminal care literature may address the importance of the family in the patient’s treatment, the family as a whole is seldom considered as the unit of care. A family system’s perspective can offer a more holistic approach to providing care to the terminally ill. In this paper, Rosen’s model of family system response to stress is adapted to provide a framework for understanding and helping hospice families. To as certain information critical to the development of a comprehensive care plan, a general format is outlined. Case examples illustrate the application of this approach.
Cortical abnormalities in schizophrenia identified by structural magnetic resonance imaging.

BACKGROUND Relatively few magnetic resonance imaging studies of schizophrenia have investigated the entire cerebral cortex. Most focus on only a few areas within a lobe or an entire lobe. To assess expected regional alterations in cortical volumes, we used a new method to segment the entire neocortex into 48 topographically defined brain regions. We hypothesized, based on previous empirical and theoretical work, that dorsolateral prefrontal and paralimbic cortices would be significantly volumetrically reduced in patients with schizophrenia compared with normal controls. METHODS Twenty-nine patients with DSM-III-R schizophrenia were systematically sampled from 3 public outpatient service networks in the Boston, Mass, area. Healthy subjects, recruited from catchment areas from which the patients were drawn, were screened for psychopathologic disorders and proportionately matched to patients by age, sex, ethnicity, parental socioeconomic status, reading ability, and handedness. Analyses of covariance of the volumes of brain regions, adjusted for age- and sex-corrected head size, were used to compare patients and controls. RESULTS The greatest volumetric reductions and largest effect sizes were in the middle frontal gyrus and paralimbic brain regions, such as the frontomedial and frontoorbital cortices, anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri, and the insula. In addition, the supramarginal gyrus, which is densely connected to prefrontal and cingulate cortices, was also significantly reduced in patients. Patients also had subtle volumetric increases in other cortical areas with strong reciprocal connections to the paralimbic areas that were volumetrically reduced. CONCLUSION Findings using our methods have implications for understanding brain abnormalities in schizophrenia and suggest the importance of the paralimbic areas and their connections with prefrontal brain regions.