Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grey wolf optimizer algorithm based real time implementation of PIDDTC and FDTC of PMSM

Meta-heuristic optimization techniques are important tools to define the optimal solutions for many problems. In this paper, a new advanced artificial intelligence (AI) based direct torque control (DTC) speed drives are optimally designed and implemented in real time to achieve a high performance permanent-magnet synchronous-motor (PMSM) drive. Grey wolf (GW) algorithms are used with the standard PID-based DTC (PIDDTC) and with the DTC with fuzzy logic (FDTC) based speed controllers. DSPACE DS1202 is utilized in the real-time implementation. MATLAB SIMULINK is used to simulate the steady-state (S.S.) and dynamic responses. The overall system is tested at different operating conditions for both simulation and practical work and all results are presented. A comparison between experimental and simulation results is performed and also a comparison between different applied intelligent techniques is introduced.
Low soil temperatures induce water deficits in olive (Olea europaea) trees

Olive trees are often subjected to low temperatures during winter. To quantify the effects of low temperatures on the water relations of olive trees, we studied the responses to low soil temperatures on winter days of variable evaporative demand (ET 0 ) in 1-year-old potted olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Picual) trees in 1996 and 1997. Low night (2.5 and 5.2°C) but ambient day soil temperatures (above 10°C) did not affect stomatal conductance (g S ), leaf (Ψ leaf ) and stem (Ψ stem ) water potentials. Soil temperature levels inducing water stress in olive trees were determined for winter days with ET 0 typical for southern Spain (ET 0 =1.5±0.3 mm day -1 ). Leaf and stem water potential decreased and root hydraulic resistance (r root ) increased when trees were exposed to night and day soil temperatures below 10°C. Stomatal conductance was not affected at soil temperatures between 6.4 and 10°C, but decreased at temperatures below 6.4°C. The soil temperature levels affecting the water uptake of olive trees remained relatively constant over the range of ET 0 of 1-2 mm day -1 during winter and early spring months. However, the soil temperature influencing g s appeared to be more variable and was affected by ET 0 Olive tree recovery from low soil temperature stress depended on stress duration and severity and interacted with ET 0 . Recovery of Ψ started already during the stress period, probably induced by stomatal closure and high r root , thus allowing tree rehydration overnight. Root hydraulic resistance contributed the major part of whole-tree hydraulic resistance in response to cold stress, accounting for 76 and 89% at 6.4 and 4.6°C, respectively; which indicates that r root is the primary control of the water status in olive trees under low temperatures.
Egg Production Rate and Fertility in Inbred Chickens

Abstract THERE has been an increasing amount of interest in inbreeding and hybridizing chickens which has become an important phase in many poultry breeding programs. The effect of inbreeding on the reproductive capacity of chickens influences the decision concerning the following: number and size of the inbred lines, ways of testing inbred lines, rates and ultimate levels of inbreeding and eventual commercial use of the surviving lines. As an example, if reproductive capacity is not greatly reduced, the most efficient methods will tend toward starting with many small lines, using intense inbreeding carried to high levels, practicing intense selection between lines continuously, and expanding the surviving lines rapidly in order to test in crosses. On the other hand, if reproductive capacity is greatly reduced, selection within lines would be emphasized instead of selection between lines. The lines would need to be larger and the process of making and testing lines would .
Effect of organic fertilizers combined with benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH) on the cucumber powdery mildew and the yield production

Organic fertilizers such as compost, compost tea and seaweed extracts (Algean) combined with benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH)) showed sig- nificant effect on the powdery mildew-infected cucumber leaves with Sphaerotheca fuliginea. We have shown that spraying the infected cucumber leaves with the BTH (0.05 mM) combined with the organic fertilizers strongly decreased the disease severity of the cucumber powdery mildew fungus from 85.1% to 3.4% as compared to the control leaves which infected only with the pathogen. Furthermore, organic fertilizers combined with BTH increased significantly vegeta- tive growth characters of cucumber (stem length, number of leaves /plant, leaf area /plant and chlorophyll content) especially at the earlier stage of growth as compared to the control plants (chemical fertilizer only). Also, most of the organic materials produced the highest cucumber early yield and fruit quality, but total yield was equal or less than the chemical fertilizers. Inter- estingly enough, that organic fertilizers combined with BTH elevated the ascorbic acid content (chemical quality of cucumber fruits) and decreased the nitrate content which very harmful as well as increased the fruit yields as compared to the control plants.
Sound features and vocal rhythms as a proxy for locating the spawning ground of
 
 Sciaena umbra
 
 in the wild

1. The brown meagre ( Sciaena umbra ) is a demersal sciaenid fish recognized as indicative of good environmental quality and is defined as an umbrella species for the ecological community of rocky coastal habitats. Sciaena umbra is classified as a Vulnerable fish species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and knowledge on the distribution of its spawning habitats is essential for its conservation. 2. acoustic monitoring a suitable the high consistency, space and time, of the communication sounds that this species emits during the reproductive period, with irregular or regular rhythms, or with calls merging into a chorus. activity in the internal-facing areas of the inlets, compared with the seaward-facing areas. The chorus occurred in localized areas consistently throughout the breeding season, suggesting that spawning is concentrated in preferred areas. 6. For the first time a relationship between the sound features and vocal rhythms of fish has been highlighted by an in situ study. This validates the use of the chorus as a reliable natural indicator of S. umbra breeding sites, and in turn suggests a potential non-invasive approach based on PAM for mapping the key reproductive areas of this vulnerable species in the Mediterranean Sea.
COVID-19 And Lockdown: Be Logical in Relaxing It

Cambridge Dictionary defines ‘lockdown’ as a situation in which people are not allowed to enter or leave a building or area freely because of an emergency. Merriam-Webster outlines three definitions of lockdown: a) the confinement of prisoners to their cell for all or most of the day as a temporary security measure, b) an emergency condition in which people are temporarily prevented from entering or leaving a restricted area during a threat of danger and c) a temporary condition imposed by governmental authorities as during theoutbreak of an epidemic disease in which people are required to stay at their homes and refrain from orlimit activities outside the home involving public contact. Our focus, here, is on lockdown strategy adopted to contain corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Folding mechanism of three structurally similar β‐sheet proteins

The folding mechanism of cellular retinoic acid binding protein I (CRABP I), cellular retinol binding protein II (CRBP II), and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP) were investigated to determine if proteins with similar native structures have similar folding mechanisms. These mostly β‐sheet proteins have very similar structures, despite having as little as 33% sequence similarity. The reversible urea denaturation of these proteins was characterized at equilibrium by circular dichroism and fluorescence. The data were best fit by a two‐state model for each of these proteins, suggesting that no significant population of folding intermediates were present at equilibrium. The native states were of similar stability with free energies (linearly extrapolated to 0 M urea, ΔG H 2O ) of 6.5, 8.3, and 5.5 kcal/mole for CRABP I, CRBP II, and IFABP, respectively. The kinetics of the folding and unfolding processes for these proteins was monitored by stopped‐flow CD and fluorescence. Intermediates were observed during both the folding and unfolding of all of these proteins. However, the overall rates of folding and unfolding differed by nearly three orders of magnitude. Further, the spectroscopic properties of the intermediate states were different for each protein, suggesting that different amounts of secondary and/or tertiary structure were associated with each intermediate state for each protein. These data show that the folding path for proteins in the same structural family can be quite different, and provide evidence for different folding landscapes for these sequences. Proteins 33:107–118, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
THE LIMITS OF FOOD WASTE GOVERNANCE IN CITIES: CASE STUDY OF DAYTON, OHIO

abstract Food waste has emerged as a key governance challenge in many cities, as the scale of waste has concerned stakeholders across the food system. While food waste is often analyzed at the consumption level, food is lost across all stages in the food system. In addition, a range of global, national, regional, and urban institutions influence how people consume and waste food at the local level. To understand the challenges associated with food waste governance, this paper examines Dayton, Ohio, as a case study. In particular, this research analyzes interview data of key stakeholders and survey data of city residents to understand the causes of food waste, food purchasing patterns, roles of different institutions in food waste governance, and perspectives on solutions to food waste. The results of this research suggest that broader shifts in thinking may be needed to build more effective and just urban food waste policies.
Agriculture as a Determinant of Zambian Economic Sustainability

For several years, the Zambian economy relied on the mining sector, which has been affected by fluctuations in commodity prices. The new century enhanced the calls for economic diversification, with the agricultural, manufacturing, and services sectors amongst those pronounced. This article focused on the role of agriculture in supporting the economy, particularly, the effect of agriculture on economic growth. The data analyzed was reviewed for the period 1983–2017. The ARDL Bounds Test was applied in order to meet the said objectives. The ECM results suggest that agriculture, manufacturing, services, and mining converge to an equilibrium and affect economic growth at the speed of adjustment of 90.6%, with the effect from agriculture, mining, and services being significant. The impact of agriculture on economic growth was significant in both the short-run and long-run, with coefficient unit effects of 0.428 and 0.342, respectively. The effects are strong because more than two-thirds of the rural population rely on farming, and agriculture has stood as a catalyst for food security. For the effect of agriculture to be much more profound, farmers must be supported with adequate infrastructure, accessibility to markets, farming inputs, better irrigation techniques, which would address the problem of reliance on rain, all of which were inconsistent in the last decade. Additionally, governments must ensure the institutionalization of food processing industries which add more value to the national income.
Identification of the food sources of sympatric ghost shrimp (Trypaea australiensis) and soldier crab (Mictyris longicarpus) populations using a lipid biomarker, dual stable isotope approach

Fatty acids (FAs) profiles and stable isotope signatures of the ghost shrimp, Trypaea australiensis and the soldier crab, Mictyris longicarpus were determined at an unvegetated sandbank of Southport (Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia), in November 2005 and February 2006. Additionally, the FAs composition of the faeces and feeding pellets of M. longicarpus and the surface sediment at the study site were also analysed. Trypaea australiensis was found to selectively feed principally on benthic diatoms, as revealed by the high contribution of the marker lipid (20:5 (n-3)) to tissue total FAs and the delta 13C and delta 15N isotopic signatures of shrimp tissues. Although the diet of T. australiensis did not change between the two sampling periods, the shrimps appeared to reduce their feeding activity in summer, presumably in relation to a restricted metabolism, as revealed by a decrease in the contribution of the microalgal markers in their tissues. The FAs composition of the tissues of the soldier crab indicated that bacteria and diatoms constituted the base of its diet (contributions of branched 15:0 and 17:0, 18:1 (n-7) and 20:5 (n-3)). However, the isotopic signatures of the crabs suggested that meiofauna may represent an intermediate link between the crab and these micro-organisms
Nitrogen application affects yield and postharvest quality of okra (Hibiscus esculentus L. cv. ‘Boyiatiou’)

In Greece and Turkey, okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.) is cultivated for small pods (≤4-5 cm), which are highly perishable after harvest. In this experiment, okra was cultivated at 4 levels of N (30, 150, 300 and 450 mg l -1 ) within the irrigation water. Pod yield was highest at 300 mg l -1 N. High N increased the nitrate content and decreased dry matter without affecting pod colour (P<0.05). When pods were enclosed in polyethylene and stored for up to 10 days at 7 or 10 o C fresh weight decreased by 7% and 11-12% respectively, and by 20% and 28% respectively during 3 days subsequent shelf-life at 22 o C. Weight loss after 10 days at 7 o C and during shelf-life was higher in pods from 300-450 mg l -1 N and was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in % dry matter. The loss of chlorophyll during storage (i.e. increase in a*) rose with storage time and N application level, accompanied by a decrease in b*. The nitrate concentration within the pods decreased with storage irrespective of N level. It is concluded that the rate of N application affects not only the production but also the quality of okra during storage. For the production of small-sized pods N application should not exceed 300 mg l -1 . Although pods from high N levels (300-450 mg l -1 N) lose more weight, dry matter and chlorophyll than those from the lowest N level (30 mg l -1 N), they may nevertheless be stored satisfactorily for up to 10 days at 7 o C, which permits a 3 day ambient shelf-life.
Corrigendum to: Altered Na+/Ca2+-exchanger activity due to downregulation of Na+/K+-ATPase α2-isoform in heart failure

[ Cardiovascular Research 2008;78:71–78;doi:10.1093/cvr/cvn013] In the print issue of Cardiovascular Research Volume 78 Number 1 (April 2008), there was an error in the colours of Figure 7C in this article following corruption of the file …
Nrf as an oxidative stress and nutrient responsive transcription factor in calorie restriction

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) can classically be defined by physiological factors, clinical factors, and metabolic factors that are responsible for increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The International Diabetes Federation has released the most recent definition of MetS, defined by increased waist circumference and two of the following factors: increased serum triglycerides or decreased HDL-cholesterol, increased fasting blood glucose, or hypertension. MetS is also profoundly defined by chronic low-grade inflammation. This proinflammatory state can develop as a result adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia that is responsible for increased secretion of glycerol, free fatty acids, and secretion of adipocytokines. States of adipose tissue dysregulation due to obesity can directly affect systemic inflammation, and the progression to diseased states of insulin resistance and MetS. Adipose tissue does not only contribute to the pathophysiology through proinflammatory signaling, but can alter systemic lipid content by releasing circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) that accumulate in liver, induce insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, and impair pancreatic β-cell functions, all contributing to the potential development of severe metabolic diseases. Most importantly though, oxidative stress has been suggested to be an early event in the pathophysiology and manifestation of chronic metabolic disorders in humans including MetS, T2D, coronary artery disease, and
Recent Developments and Practical Feasibility of Polymer‐Based Antifouling Coatings

While nature has optimized its antifouling strategies over millions of years, synthetic antifouling coatings have not yet reached technological maturity. For an antifouling coating to become technically feasible, it should fulfill many requirements: high effectiveness, long‐term stability, durability, ecofriendliness, large‐scale applicability, and more. It is therefore not surprising that the search for the perfect antifouling coating has been going on for decades. With the discovery of metal‐based antifouling paints in the 1970s, fouling was thought to be a problem of the past, yet its untargeted toxicity led to serious ecological concern, and its use became prohibited. As a response, research shifted focus toward a biocompatible alternative: polymer‐based antifouling coatings. This has resulted in numerous advanced and innovative antifouling strategies, including fouling‐resistant, fouling‐release, and fouling‐degrading coatings. Here, these novel and exciting discoveries are highlighted while simultaneously assessing their antifouling performance and practical feasibility.
The stem cell marker Prom1 promotes axon regeneration by down-regulating cholesterol synthesis via Smad signaling

Significance This work presents a concept for promoting the neuronal regenerative potential by engineering the expression of a stem cell marker, Prom1. We identify Prom1 as a developmentally down-regulated neuronal intrinsic factor of axon regeneration. Replenishing Prom1 expression amplifies the axonal regenerative potential by transcriptionally inhibiting cholesterol metabolism via Smad-dependent signaling. We provide evidence that a reduction in cholesterol synthesis empowers neuronal regrowth capacity. This work suggests that Food and Drug Administration-approved cholesterol-lowering drugs are potential candidates for neuroregenerative medicine. Axon regeneration is regulated by a neuron-intrinsic transcriptional program that is suppressed during development but that can be reactivated following peripheral nerve injury. Here we identify Prom1, which encodes the stem cell marker prominin-1, as a regulator of the axon regeneration program. Prom1 expression is developmentally down-regulated, and the genetic deletion of Prom1 in mice inhibits axon regeneration in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cultures and in the sciatic nerve, revealing the neuronal role of Prom1 in injury-induced regeneration. Elevating prominin-1 levels in cultured DRG neurons or in mice via adeno-associated virus-mediated gene delivery enhances axon regeneration in vitro and in vivo, allowing outgrowth on an inhibitory substrate. Prom1 overexpression induces the consistent down-regulation of cholesterol metabolism-associated genes and a reduction in cellular cholesterol levels in a Smad pathway-dependent manner, which promotes axonal regrowth. We find that prominin-1 interacts with the type I TGF-β receptor ALK4, and that they synergistically induce phosphorylation of Smad2. These results suggest that Prom1 and cholesterol metabolism pathways are possible therapeutic targets for the promotion of neural recovery after injury.
A novel method to process surface electromyography signal for pedestrian lower limb motion pattern recognition

Surface electromyography (sEMG) signals mainly contain power line interference (PLI), white Gaussian noise (WGN), and baseline wandering (BW) noise. These noises lead to the problems of poor feature extraction performance and low recognition rate. In this paper, we propose a novel sEMG signal processing method named filtering and self-enhancement algorithm with classical wavelet (FSECW) algorithm, which denoises interference noises of raw signals and improve the pedestrian motion pattern recognition rate. The proposed FSECW algorithm contains two core parts: in the first part, the original signal is reconstructed after four-layer wavelet decomposition. This part decreases the BW noise and enhances the active segment; in the other part, band-pass filtering and lifting wavelet transformation are used to reduce noises inside and outside the sEMG signal band. Then two signals from the above parts are multiplied. Thus, the enhanced filtered signal of the active segment is obtained. After feature extraction, the algorithm uses classical machine learning algorithm for motion pattern recognition. Experimental results show that the proposed FSECW algorithm does not need to set different thresholds for different data sets with the same motion pattern. Moreover, it has better adaptability to conversions of different motion patterns.
Dialogical selves in action: Movements within and between frames in work meetings

In our article, we present an analysis of work meeting interactions based on Hubert Hermans’ dialogical self theory and Erving Goffman’s frame analysis. Goffman’s approach has similarities with positioning theory and discursive psychology, which have a theoretical link to the dialogical self theory. In our analysis of work meetings, we identified three different frames in which participants discussed the acquisition of a new online text messaging service for the firm for which they worked. These frames were financial, pragmatic–instrumental, and social, all of which constructed different perspectives of the technological object and its use in daily work. Finally, the theoretical and methodological differences of dialogical self theory and frame analysis are outlined. The contribution of this article is two-fold; it illustrates how dialogical self theory and frame analysis provides, first, complementary approaches to social interaction and, second, how they differ in their orientation to the study of social situations.
USING ADVANCED MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES TO STUDY THE CHANGES IN BACTERIAL DIVERSITY IN A MINING WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

The changes in bacterial diversity in a mining wastewater treatment plant were estimated by combined polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and 16S rRNA cloning approach. Changes in bacterial diversity due to changes in physio-chemical characteristics of mining wastewater plant were studied. For these purposes wastewater samples were collected in winter (2008) and summer (2009) from different points of Yongping Copper Mine Treatment Plant in Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province, China and analyzed for selected parameters, including anions, heavy metals and bacterial dynamics. The results of PCR-DGGE targeting the 16S rRNA gene showed that there are six common bands in the two samples of Yongping Copper Mine Treatment Plant (taken in winter and summer) reveals high similarities among the bacterial populations. The PCR-DGGE also showed some unique bands suggesting that the changes in bacterial community may be caused by the changes in physio-chemical parameters of the wastewater. Major bands of 16S rRNA gene fragments from the DGGE profiles in the two types of seasonal samples were further re-amplified, cloned and sequenced. The results of sequencing analysis indicate that Rheinheimera sp. , and Luteibacter sp. are predominant bacteria in summer samples only, while uncultured Xanthomonadale's bacterium, is the dominant one in the winter samples.