Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two type-theoretical approaches to privative modification

In this paper we apply two kinds of procedural semantics to the problem of privative modification. We do this for three reasons. The first reason is to launch a tough test case to gauge the degree of substantial agreement between a constructivist and a realist interpretation of a procedural semantics; the second is to extend Martin-Lof's Type Theory to privative modification, which is characteristic of natural language; the third reason is to sketch a positive characterization of privation.
Effect of intra-row spacing on yield and quality of some onion varieties (Allium cepa L.) at Aksum, Northern Ethiopia

Lack of improved varieties and production practices have been the major bottlenecks of onion production and productivity in Tigray, particularly at Aksum area. There have been no recommended intra-row spacing and variety for that area specifically; rather farmers used to practice non-uniform plant spacing. Thus, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of intra-row spacing, variety and their interactions on yield, shelf life and bulb quality of onion, thereby recommend the optimum practices to farmers in the study area. The study was conducted between August 2010 and April 2011 at Aksum area (L/maichew district). Three different intra-row spacings (5, 7.5 and 10 cm) were evaluated using four varieties of onion (‘Adama’ Red, ‘Bombay’ Red, ‘Melkam’ and ‘Nasik’ Red) using RCBD replicated four times. Data on yield and quality parameters were recorded and subjected to ANOVA. Results indicate that intra-row spacing of 10 cm was superior in plant height, leaf number per plant, leaf biomass yield, leaf dry matter content and percentage of bolters. Highest total bulb yield was recorded at the closest intra-row spacing (5 cm) followed by 7.5 cm. ‘Melkam’ variety was the highest yielder, while ‘Adama’ Red was the lowest yielder. Average bulb weight increased with increasing intra row spacing. ‘Melkam’ variety followed by ‘Bombay’ Red variety was superior in average bulb weight. ‘Adama’ Red recorded the highest unmarketable yield. Key words: Intra-row spacing, yield, quality, onion varieties, spacing.
Ontology based search mechanism in bilingual database resource

The focus of our research is to investigate how ontology based search system can help a novice researcher in literature search in an online academic database. In this paper, we will describe ontology construction which is based on the existing relational database system. We will demonstrate three solutions using this ontology to resolve our problems in synonym relation, short-form-term and full-term search, and bilingual retrieval.
Power consumption trade-off in channel estimation with hybrid transceiver

The usage of massive antenna arrays coupled with millimeter-wave (mmW) transmissions has emerged as enabling technology of the fifth generation mobile communication standard, the 5G. This solution has great potentials to provide Gb/s data-rate and high cell capacity by leveraging the synergy amongst high resolution spatial filtering, adaptive beamforming and channel sparsity. One of the main challenges, however, is related to the implementation and digital processing as with a conventional transceiver architecture, an increase of the number of antennas implies more analog-to-digital (or digital-to-analog) converters, more power amplifiers and baseband units. Subsequently, the energy, factor-size and computational power requirements become impractical. To counter these effects a hybrid transceiver design has been proposed, in which multiple analog front-ends are combined into a single (or multiple) baseband processing unit allowing the transceiver to reduce the complexity of the digital signal processing as well as the power consumption. In this Thesis we investigate different architecture models and evaluate the trade-off between energy consumption and performance in channel estimation. More specifically, we study a hybrid receiver model with 64 antenna elements, parallel digital paths and, for the channel estimation, we consider the adaptive-least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (A-LASSO) algorithm that leverages channel sparsity into the estimation. Simulation results have shown that a transceiver architecture with only four base-bands performed best over the different cell sizes. Compared to the fully digital receiver this results in tenfold power consumption reduction according to analysis.
ANALYSIS OF HARMONIC INJECTION TO THE MODULATION OF MULTI-LEVEL DIODE CLAMPED CONVERTER IN A NORMAL AND OVER MODULATION MODE

This paper explores the analysis of third and ninth harmonic injection to the modulation of a multilevel diode clamped converter (DCC) at a varying modulation index. The spectral distributions of the various multi-level waveforms obtained under normal modulation index of 0.8 and over modulation index of 1.15 were presented in this work. The contribution of this paper is rooted in the introduction of ninth harmonic component to higher-levels of diode clamped converters with reference to the existing third order harmonic injected modulation with detailed Simulink models of 3rd, 5th and 9th voltage levels. The analysis and results obtained from this work shows appreciable reduction in the magnitudes of harmonic distortion values thus ensuring optimum and efficient devices performance. Keywords: harmonic injected modulation, spectral analysis, pulse width modulation, diode clamped converter, modulation
A Note on Solving the Generalized Dirichlet to NeumannMap on Irregular Polygons using Generic FactoredApproximate Sparse Inverses

A new transform method for solving boundary value problems in two dimensions was proposed by A.S. Fokas, namely the unified transform. This approach seeks a solution to the unknown boundary values by solving a global relation, using the known boundary data. This relation can be used to characterize the Dirichlet to Neumann map. For the numerical solution of the global relation, a collocation-type method was recently introduced. Hence, the considered method is used for solving the 2D Laplace equation in several irregular convex polygons. The linear system, resulting from the collocation-type method, was solved by the Explicit Preconditioned Generalized Minimum Residual restarted method in conjunction with the Modified Generic Factored Approximate Sparse Inverse matrix. Numerical results indicating the applicability of the proposed preconditioning scheme are provided, along with discussions on the implementation details of the method.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Interstellar Dust

Near infrared observations of reflection nebulae have set the historical ground for the discovery of interstellar PAHs, but since, space observations have focused on their mid-IR features, and data shortward of 5 μ m have remained scarce. The Spitzer/IRAC images in the 3.6 and 4.5 μ m channels do show that the near-IR emission from small dust particles is ubiquitous across the Galaxy, but provide no spectroscopic information. To investigate the nature of this near-IR dust emission, we have obtained AKARI spectroscopic observations, over the 2.5−5 μ m spectral range, for a set of archetype PDRs mapped with the Spitzer spectrometer at mid-IR wavelengths. These AKARI data supplement earlier observations with the SWS ISO spectrometer, in providing the gain in sensitivity needed to observe low excitation sources, and the spatial information required to spatially correlate near-IR spectroscopic signatures with physical conditions and observed changes in mid-IR spectra. This paper presents the first results of the data analysis, in relation to two open questions on interstellar PAHs. (1) Is there an evolutionary link from aliphatic carbon dust to PAHs? (2) What is the origin of the near-IR dust continuum? The AKARI spectra display features longward of the main 3.29 μ m PAH feature, and continuum emission. The intensity ratio between the features ascribed to aliphatic CH bonds and the 3.29 μ m aromatic band, varies spatially in a way that may be interpreted as evidence for aromatization of the smallest dust particles by photo-processing. The continuum displays a striking step-increase across the 3.29 μ m feature. We also present a spectrum of a photodissociation region with a feature at 4.65 μ m, which has been speculated to be related to the CD stretch in aliphatic hydrocarbon side-groups on PAHs.
Effects of PS–PVP diblock copolymer topography on the magnetic properties of CoCrPt thin films

The magnetic properties and growth structure of Co68Cr18Pt14 thin films deposited on self‐assembled PS21400 (styrene)–PVP20700 (4‐vinyl pyridine) diblock copolymer surfaces were investigated using a magneto‐optical microscope magnetometer (MOMM). The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy as well as the coercivity of 200 Å CoCrPt/PS–PVP/Si(100) films in comparison with 200 Å CoCrPt/Si(100) were distinctly enhanced. An atomic force microscope (AFM) revealed that the enhanced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and coercivity in CoCrPt/PS–PVP/Si(100) films might be ascribed to the reduction of the magnetic dipolar anisotropy of CoCrPt films having a rough surface arising from spherically modulated PS–PVP surface morphology and preferential deposition of CoCrPt on top of the PVP block. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simplified Procedure for Unsaturated Flow Parameters

Problem statement: The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity K( θ) and Soil Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC) for saline soil or soil directly contacted with saline water are not permitted using several apparatus to determining. Approach: A simplified method to determine K( θ) and SWCC by using simple apparatus is presented. Using the proposed numerical model with the van Genuchten equations and inverse calculation for K ( θ) and SWCC to produce the best fit of this model calculation to the experimental cumulative capillar y flow in dry soil columns. These are found by an optimization procedure which adjusts the parameters of K( θ) and SWCC. In addition, the resulting SWCC from the model was used to evaluate the K( θ) for the Gardner equation. Results: Values of saturated hydraulic conductivity K sat for the van Genuchten equations were lower than th ose based on the Gardner equation. The K sat values of dense soil were nearly overall lower tha n loose soil. Conclusion: Good agreement (R 2 value) was obtained in the SWCC and K sat values from the experiment and those calculated from the van Genuchten and Gardner equations this suggests that the simplified method provides a useful means of determining unsaturated flow parameters.
Modeling and Control of Wind Turbine to Damp the Power Oscillation

Damping inter-area oscillation by using a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbine is considered. The PMSG wind turbine is connected to the IEEE-30 bus power system at different buses. H-infinity design controller is proposed to modulate the power where the input of the H-infinity control is the variation of the local grid generator speed and the output is feedback to activate the PMSG speed control, blade pitch angle control and dc voltage control. MATLAB/SIMULINK is used in this study. The IEEE-30 bus system is reduced to 7 buses based on the number of generators to simplify the stability study. The method is applied to a seven-area power system that exhibits undamped oscillations. Results presented in this study demonstrate the effectiveness of the wind generator in increasing system damping considerably.
Seasonal changes in haematology and metabolic resources in the tench

Significant variations in the number of white and red blood cells, haematocrit and haemoglobin were found throughout the year in sexually mature male and female tench Tinca tinca . I n general, the lowest values were observed during autumn–winter and the highest during summer, with males exhibiting higher values than females. Plasma glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides were lower during the winter than during the summer–autumn seasons in both sexes. Gonadosomatic and hepato-somatic indices were inversely correlated in female tench throughout the year. Seasonal patterns in liver metabolic resources were very similar for both sexes. For males and females, liver glycogen and proteins increased during the autumn, whereas the liver stored lipid during spring. Dorsal muscle mainly deposited glycogen, whereas lipid was mainly stored in the ventral muscle. Relations between seasonal changes in environmental factors, such as feeding and temperature are discussed.
Note on the use of an altimeter mean sea-surface for mesoscale variability studies

This report discusses whether, by the year 1995, altimeter mean surfaces such as those generated by Geosat, ERS-1 [35 days] and Topex-Poseidon will be accurate enough for extracting the variable ocean signal. The mean oceanic signal is estimated from altimetry using an inverse method. Because of the large number of altimeter measurements, the original one-step method is transformed to a two-step method, the iterative inverse method. The space-time distribution of the altimeter data is only needed to calculate the formal error on the altimeter mean surface. Using a year of satellite altimeter measurements, the mean rms errors are 10 cm for Geosat, 8 cm for ERS- 1 and 13 cm for Topex-Poseidon. The along-track minima are respectively 8, 7 and 5 cm rms. Errors can be reduced to 4 cm rms minimum to 6 cm rms maximum by combining two years of Geosat and ERS-1 data. These results are preliminary but indicate that the altimeter missions of the 1990s should provide the necessary accuracy.
We have benefited greatly from discussions with Martha Pollack

This paper presents the basic elements of a computational theory of discourse structure that simplifies and expands upon previous work. By specifying the basic units a discourse comprises and the ways in which they can relate, an account of discourse structure provides the basis for an account of discourse meaning. The paper distinguishes three components of discourse structure: one linguistic, one intentional, and one attentional. The theory, although still incomplete, provides a basis for investigating the structure and meaning of discourse, as well as for constructing "discourse processing systems. "
Private Equity Investments and Disclosure Policy

In the current study, we dynamically analyze unlisted firms' voluntary disclosure decisions around private equity (PE) participation. First, we disentangle the role of disclosure in attracting PE investments. In addition, we examine the extent to which a firm's disclosure policy is affected by the changing corporate setting and intensified corporate governance after having received PE. We find no evidence that firms would employ increased disclosure to signal their quality in the years preceding the PE financing. However, we document a significant switch to increased financial disclosure from the PE investment year onwards, consistent with the hypothesis that PE investor presence positively affects portfolio firms' disclosure decisions. Further, we show that the proportional PE ownership stake is positively related to increased disclosure, but only at very high ownership levels. We explain these results in that both internal and external information demands call for higher public disclosure in PE firms. We conclude that the changing information environment resulting from a PE investment stimulates increased public financial disclosure. Our results contribute to illustrate how an indisputable change in governance resulting from a PE investment affects inter-temporal corporate disclosure decisions in unlisted firms.
Chindogu and Scrapheap Spirit as Creativity Triggers

This paper presents an analysis of the process of group creativity during the Chindogu Scrapheap Challenge, an event that was held as part of a LeonardoNet Workshop in November 2005. Workshop participants were divided in three groups and given a challenge specific to HCI. Immersed in the Scrapheap and Chindogu spirit, groups aimed at finding a solution to the challenge, using materials and equipment either provided by the organising committee or found by the group. Groups generated a remote wild animal interaction device, a static mobile phone charger and an installation for catching cats’ memories and dreams. During the experiments we observe different ways of approaching the challenge: one structured and organised, contrasted with another nearly chaotic. External objects helped as sources of insight, but also limited potential ideas. Constraints importance was evident, not only with respect to themes, tenets and evaluation criteria, but also with respect to maximum completion time.
A Simple Asymptotic Compact Model for Two-Phase Frictional Pressure Gradient in Horizontal Pipes

A simple semi-theoretical method for calculating two-phase frictional pressure gradient in horizontal pipes using asymptotic analysis is presented. Two-phase frictional pressure gradient is expressed in terms of the a symptotic single-phase frictional pressure gradients for liquid and gas flowing alone. The proposed model uses an asymptotic c orrelation method to develop a robust compact model. The proposed model can be transformed into either a two-phase frictional multiplier for liquid flowing alone (φl 2 ) or two-phase frictional multiplier for gas flowing alone (φg 2 ) as a function of the Lockhart-Martinelli parameter, X. Single phase friction factors are calculated using the Churchill model which allows for prediction over the full range of laminar-transition-turbulent regions and to allow for pipe roughness effects. The proposed model i s compared against published data for a number of pipe diameters. Effect of mass flux on two-phase frictional pressure gradient i s also investigated. Comparison with other existing correlations for two-phase frictional pressure gradient such as the Chisholm correlation, the Friedel correlation, and the Muller-Steinhagen and Heck correlation, is also presented Comparison with other existing correlations and experimental data for both φl and φg versus X is also presented NOMENCLATURE a Churchill parameter B Chisholm parameter b Churchill parameter C Chisholm constant c constant in asymptotic solution d pipe diameter, m E Friedel parameter, Eq. (18)
Milk Composition and Cheese making Ability In Ewes: Influence of Fat, Protein, Useful Matter and Total Solids Contents, and Ph on Individual Cheese Yield at a Laboratory Scale in Ewes

The relationships between the individual laboratory cheese yield and the composition of milk from four flocks of ewes in the north-west of Tunisia have been studied. A total of 3260 individual milk samples were taken and their physicochemical composition (fat, protein, useful matter, total solids and pH) and cheese yield at a laboratory scale were determined. Statistical analysis of field data confirmed that there were significant variations in cheese yield capacity with all environmental variation factors, the most notable being flock test date, days in milk and parity. The individual cheese yield was significantly influenced by initial pH of milk. Useful matter, (a combination of fat and protein contents)and total solids were the most relevant chemical variables related to variations in the laboratory cheese yield of the individual milksmilk samples. Finally, the regression equations confirmed that cheese yield capacity was also subject to factors other than milk composition itself.
A Review of the Canada Lynx, Lynx canadensis , in Canada

The Canada Lynx ( Lynx canadensis ) is the most common and widespread member of the cat family in Canada. Lynx are distributed throughout forested regions of Canada and Alaska and into portions of the northern contiguous United States, closely paralleling the range of its primary prey, the Snowshoe Hare ( Lepus americanus ). They are most common in the boreal, sub-boreal and western montane forests, preferring older regenerating forests (>20 years) and generally avoiding younger stands, and occupy roughly 95% of their former range in Canada. Lynx population size fluctuates 3–17 fold over an 8–11 year cycle, tracking the abundance of Snowshoe Hares with a 1–2 year lag. During increasing and high hare abundance, lynx have high reproductive output and high kit and adult survival. The decline phase is characterized by reproductive failure, increased natural mortality, and high rates of dispersal. Dispersal distances of over 1000 km have been recorded. During the cyclic low, kit recruitment essentially fails for 2–3 years, and is followed by several years of modest reproductive output. Reproductive parameters in southern lynx populations appear similar to those found during the cyclic low and early increase phase in more northern populations. Trapping is a significant source of mortality in some areas. Field studies have documented from 2–45 lynx/100 km 2 at various times in the cycle and in various habitats. Although the amplitude of the cyclic fluctuations in lynx numbers may have decreased somewhat in recent decades, there is no evidence to suggest a significant decline in numbers in Canada. Lynx are managed as a furbearer in Canada, with harvest regulated primarily by seasons, quotas, and closures. The harvest over the past decade has declined concurrent with declining pelt prices, and is currently a fraction of historic levels. Lynx are fully protected in less than 2–3% of their range in Canada. There is no evidence to suggest that overall lynx numbers or distribution across Canada have declined significantly over the past two decades, although loss of habitat through increased urbanization and development and forestry is likely affecting lynx populations along the southern fringe of its range. Its high potential to increase in numbers and propensity to disperse long distances suggest that the species is relatively resilient to localized perturbations and reductions, given time and removal of the factors that cause the initial decrease. Lowered lynx harvests, coupled with a greater awareness of the need for proactive lynx management, suggests that the overall future of lynx in Canada is secure.
Genetic parameters of aggressiveness, ferocity and mobility in the fighting bull breed

Genetic parameter estimates for Aggressiveness, Ferocity and Mobility in the fighting bull bovine breed were obtained using the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) methodology applied to a multiple trait animal model. The year of birth and the sex of the animal were the environmental fixed effects considered in the model. Genetic trends were determined from the average predicted breeding value over the year of birth. The behavioural traits considered showed an important additive genetic component which can be used to modulate the phenotype expression by selection. Heritability values around 0.3 (0.286-0.362) for all traits could explain the successful empirical selection carried out on the Aggressiveness trait. Similarly, the lack of genetic correlation (P > 0.05) between all traits explains the absence of a correlated response for the Ferocity and Mobility traits.