Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of DNI time series with sub-hourly time resolution

The output of a CSP plant shows a non-linear response to the incoming direct normal irradiance. Due to inertia of the various sub-systems and part-load effects for a proper modelling of their energy yield, information on the DNI with high time-resolution is necessary down to the one minute scale. As this type of data is only scarcely available, tools for the synthetisation of these sets have to be applied. We have adopted a respective procedure for the use in the context of yield prediction. The performance of the procedure is, on the one hand tested for the statistical similarity of measured and synthesised data. On the other hand, the applicability of the synthetic sets is checked by comparing the outcomes of a transient plant simulation model for both types of data. The paper gives results from these tests and draws conclusions concerning further improvements of the scheme for the synthesis.
A NOVEL APPROACH FOR SELF ORGANISATION BASED SEGMENTATION OF MRI BRAIN IMAGES

The detection of brain tumor in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is very significant but intricate task, in which different segmentation techniques get evolved. In many of these techniques, segmentation is applied directly without any boundary detection which takes long time, large number of iterations and yields less accuracy result. This is a major drawback of existing segmentation methodologies. The goal of this paper is to overcome this drawback and proposed a novel approach for brain tumor segmentation. In this paper, there are three instances. In the first instance, a boundary is detected from the given MRI image and in the second instance, the segmentation techniques are applied within the detected boundary for better accuracy in reduced time. For this purpose, SOM method is used for predict a particular area of brain and then use geodesic, Chan vese and region based ACM method for segmentation. In the third instance, the morphological operation is carried out for removing the unwanted object and refills the missing elements. The result is compared with the techniques such as geodesic, Chan vese, region based ACM method, SOM & geodesic, SOM & Chan vese, SOM & region based ACM method. The result shows that the proposed system works better than existing techniques with the high accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, hammoude distance, hausdorff distance and it has less border error and mean square error than others.
Chapter 2 Automatic Adaptive Lossy Compression of Multichannel Remote Sensing Images

In this chapter, we consider lossy compression of multichannel images acquired by remote sensing systems. Two main features of such data are taken into account. First, images contain inherent noise that can be of different intensity and type. Second, there can be essential correlation between component images. These features can be exploited in 3D compression that is demonstrated to be more efficient than component-wise compression. The benefits are in considerably higher compression ratio attained for the same or even less distortions introduced. It is shown that important performance parameters of lossy compression can be rather easily and accurately predicted.
Oxygen isotope constraints on the structure and evolution of the Hawaiian Plume

The oxygen isotope stratigraphy of Ko‘olau volcano, Hawaii, is constructed by analyzing olivine phenocrysts from the KSDP drill core and submarine land-slide deposits. Along with those of subaerial (Makapu‘u) Ko‘olau olivines (Eiler and others, 1996a), they span the full range of the δ18OVSMOW variation previously observed in “Loa-trend” Hawaiian volcanoes (Lō‘ihi, Mauna Loa, Hualalai, and Ko‘olau), vary systematically with the stratigraphic position, and correlate with other geochemical properties of their host lavas (Tanaka and others, 2002; Haskins and Garcia, 2004; Huang and Frey, 2005; Salters and others, 2006; Fekiacova and others, 2007). These observations can be explained if the “Loa-trend” volcanoes (including Ko‘olau) are constructed of magmas made by mixing peridotite melt with variable proportions of eclogite melt derived from a mafic constituent of the Hawaiian plume having a composition resembling recent mid-ocean-ridge basalts. We present a model of this magma mixing process that simultaneously explains the correlations among oxygen isotopes, major elements, trace elements and radiogenic isotopes. Although a number of models of this kind, differing in several parameters, describe the data equally well, all statistically acceptable models require an “enriched” component with a MORB-like HREE pattern and enriched oxygen isotope composition (δ18OVSMOW = 7.8-9.7‰), consistent with this component being an upper crustal (layer 1 or 2) basalt or gabbro with a low-temperature alteration history, possibly containing a small amount of sediment. Abundances of some minor elements—Ni and Ti—are not well described by this model; we show that these shortcomings are derived from the compositional assumption and operational difficulties, that is, TiO2 content is too high in our assumed eclogite end-member, and the inversion of NiO content in the melt by the olivine addition calculation is imprecise due to the sensitivity of DNiOolivine/melt to the melt composition and to crystallization process. Previous studies have advocated that Hawaiian lavas were derived from partial melts of an olivine-free pyroxenite formed by reaction of eclogite-derived melt with peridotite (for example, Sobolev and others, 2005). Our study shows that the peridotite-derived and eclogite-derived melt-mixing model can explain the geochemistry of Hawaiian lavas as well, including high-Ni Ko‘olau olivines. We find that an olivine-free mantle source for Hawaiian lavas is unnecessary, although melt-rock interaction could be important in modifying melt composition. Inverting for mixing proportions and degree of melting, we estimate that the amount of recycled crust in the Hawaiian plume is <24 weight percent. Comparison of the late shield-stage “Loa-trend” (particularly Ko‘olau lavas) and “Kea-trend” (particularly Mauna Kea lavas) suggests that the geochemical diversity of Hawaiian lavas is produced by a thermally and chemically-zoned plume.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEFENSE EXPENDITURE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS FOR TURKEY AND SELECTED COUNTRIES

In this study, the relationships between defense expenditure and economic growth are analyzed by panel data analysis methods by using the data of 1992-2017 periods for 15 countries with the highest defense spending in 2017. The stationarity of the series is examined by LLC and IPS panel unit root tests and the series are determined to be I(1). Cointegration relationships between series is examined by Pedroni panel cointegration test and it is determined that the series are cointegrated. Long and short-term analyzes are performed by PDOLS method, and 1% increase in defense expenditures is estimated to incline the national income by 1.05% in average, and this effect is slightly lower in the short term. Similarly; 1% increase in national income is found to ascend defense expenditure by 0.89% and this effect is also lower in the short term. Error correction mechanism of the models operates. Causality relationships between series is examined by VECM method and it is determined that a causality exists from national income to defense expenditures only in the long term while it exists both in the short term and in the long term from defense expenditure to national income.
Genetic algorithms in engineering electromagnetics

This paper presents a tutorial and overview of genetic algorithms for electromagnetic optimization. Genetic-algorithm (GA) optimizers are robust, stochastic search methods modeled on the concepts of natural selection and evolution. The relationship between traditional optimization techniques and the GA is discussed. Step-by-step implementation aspects of the GA are detailed, through an example with the objective of providing useful guidelines for the potential user. Extensive use is made of sidebars and graphical presentation to facilitate understanding. The tutorial is followed by a discussion of several electromagnetic applications in which the GA has proven useful. The applications discussed include the design of lightweight, broadband microwave absorbers, the reduction of array sidelobes in thinned arrays, the design of shaped-beam antenna arrays, the extraction of natural resonance modes of radar targets from backscattered response data, and the design of broadband patch antennas. Genetic-algorithm optimization is shown to be suitable for optimizing a broad class of problems of interest to the electromagnetic community. A comprehensive list of key references, organized by application category, is also provided.
Pronghorn population genomics show connectivity in the core of their range

Preserving connectivity in the core of a species' range is crucial for long-term persistence. However, a combination of ecological characteristics, social behavior, and landscape features can reduce connectivity among wildlife populations and lead to genetic structure. Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), for example, exhibit fluctuating herd dynamics and variable seasonal migration strategies, but GPS tracking studies show that landscape features such as highways impede their movements, leading to conflicting hypotheses about expected levels of genetic structure. Given that pronghorn populations declined significantly in the early 1900s, have only partially recovered, and are experiencing modern threats from landscape modification, conserving connectivity among populations is important for their long-term persistence in North America. To assess the genetic structure and diversity of pronghorn in the core of their range, we genotyped 4,949 genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 11 microsatellites from 398 individuals throughout the state of Wyoming. We found no evidence of genetic subdivision and minimal evidence of isolation by distance despite a range that spans hundreds of kilometers, multiple mountain ranges, and three interstate highways. In addition, a rare variant analysis using putatively recent mutations found no genetic division between pronghorn on either side of a major highway corridor. Although we found no evidence that barriers to daily and seasonal movements of pronghorn impede gene flow, we suggest periodic monitoring of genetic structure and diversity as a part of management strategies to identify changes in connectivity.
Title GPU-TLS : an efficient runtime for speculative loop parallelizationon GPUs

Recently GPUs have risen as one important parallel platform for general purpose applications, both in HPC and cloud environments. Due to the special execution model, developing programs for GPUs is difficult even with the recent introduction of high-level languages like CUDA and OpenCL. To ease the programming efforts, some research has proposed automatically generating parallel GPU codes by complex compiletime techniques. However, this approach can only parallelize loops 100% free of inter-iteration dependencies (i.e., DOALL loops). To exploit runtime parallelism, which cannot be proven by static analysis, in this work, we propose GPU-TLS, a runtime system to speculatively parallelize possibly-parallel loops in sequential programs on GPUs. GPU-TLS parallelizes a possibly-parallel loop by chopping it into smaller sub-loops, each of which is executed in parallel by a GPU kernel, speculating that no inter-iteration dependencies exist. After dependency checking, the buffered writes of iterations without mis-speculations are copied to the master memory while iterations encountering mis-speculations are re-executed. GPUTLS addresses several key problems of speculative loop parallelization on GPUs: (1) The larger mis-speculation rate caused by larger number of threads is reduced by three approaches: the loop chopping parallelization approach, the deferred memory update scheme and intra-warp value forwarding method. (2) The larger overhead of dependency checking is reduced by a hybrid scheme: eager intra-warp dependency checking combined with lazy inter-warp dependency checking. (3) The bottleneck of serial commit is alleviated by a parallel commit scheme, which allows different iterations to enter the commit phase out of order but still guarantees sequential semantics. Extensive evaluations using both microbenchmarks and reallife applications on two recent NVIDIA GPU cards show that speculative loop parallelization using GPU-TLS can achieve speedups ranging from 5 to 160 for sequential programs with possibly-parallel loops. Keywords-GPGPU; Speculative Loop Parallelization; ThreadLevel Speculation (TLS); GPU-TLS
Spatiotemporal variability of alpine precipitable water over arid northwestern China

For a better understanding of the precipitable water in the arid northwestern China (NWC), we surveyed the water vapour variability on both sides of the alpine range crests based on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission monthly precipitation data (TRMM 3B43). There were 12 target zones and 23 subzones in six mountain systems representatively selected according to alpine hydrogeomorphology. They were used for comparative analyses in time and space. Comparisons between the two sides of the range crests revealed that there is more precipitable water on the south slopes of the Qilian, Altun, Kunlun, and Altai Mountains, on the north slope of the Tian Mountains, and on the east slope of Helan Mountains. High correlations were detected between precipitable water for both sides of the range crests in target zones, while low correlations were found among precipitable water separately averaged in the Kunlun, Tian, and Qilian Mountains including both sides of the range crests. The proportion of precipitable water during the rainy season gradually increased from west to east along the mountains. Temporally, precipitation presented synchronous increases or decreases on the two sides of the range crests in most of the target zones during the time period from 1998 to 2016, and an overall increase in alpine annual precipitable water was found in the area, except for the decrease in the Altun and western Tian Mountains. The summer decay dominated the decrease in these two target zones, while strengthened conveyance was observed in other seasons, especially in spring and autumn, which compensated for, and led to, total increases in precipitable water in most of the target zones. All of the above findings were indicative of differences in vapour transport from outside areas into diverse alpine systems in the arid NWC, which could be schematically evidenced by the spatial patterns of monthly and annual water vapour conveyance retrieved from the TRMM precipitation data.
Determination of main pigments segregation in tangerine and red fruit tomato hybrid

Carotenoids are natural fat-soluble pigments that are common in colorful plants. They act as provitamin A and beneficial for human health, especially for the vision. Lycopene and beta-carotene which belong to carotenoids are quantitative traits that found as main pigments in tomatao. This experiment was conducted to study segregation of lycopene, beta-carotene, chlorophyll content and color values (L a b) in F 2 population of tangerine and red fruit tomato. Tangerine tomato (Jinzhu No.1P1) accumulated the high level of beta-carotene in contrast with red tomato (TTD1003AP2) whereas red tomato accumulated the high level of lycopene. Tangerine and red tomato crossing produced orange pigmented F1 fruits with higher lycopene content and beta-carotene similar to those noted in to P1 parental line. The average lycopene content in F2 generation was 0.203 mg/100 g Fresh weight (FW) while the betacarotene content was 0.279 mg/100 g FW. Beta-carotene content was ranged from 0 to 0.57 mg/100 g FW. Mid-parent heterosis of lycopene, beta-carotene, total chlorophyll and color values (L a b) were -59.08 44.24 -41.18 -5.28 -16.22 and -7.97 %, respectively. For distribution testing, only beta-carotene and a-value fit a normal distribution model (ShapiroWilk test: P-value; 0.131 and 0.243, respectively). The best estimate for lycopene content was obtained using a/b ratio, r = 0.772. Beta-carotene had a linear positive correlation with L-value and b-value (r = 0.373 ** and r = 0.392**). The results of this study can be utilized for high nutrition tomato breeding programs, as present commercial tomato cultivars focused on red color for the selection criterion, regardless the lycopene content and other properties of consuming.
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Litsea cubeba

Abstract The first complete chloroplast genome (cpDNA) sequence of Litsea cubeba was determined from Illumina HiSeq pair-end sequencing data in this study. The cpDNA is 152,725 bp in length, contains a large single-copy region (LSC) of 93,673 bp, and a small single-copy region (SSC) of 18,924 bp, which were separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IR) regions of 20,064 bp, each. The genome contains 126 genes, including 82 protein-coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNA genes, and 36 transfer RNA genes. The further phylogenomic analysis showed that L. cubeba and Litsea garrettii clustered in a clade in Lauraceae family.
Molecular modelling of antioxidant agent by QSAR study of caffeic acid derivatives

Molecular modeling using Quantitative Structure and Activity Relationship (QSAR) has been performed on caffeic acid derivatives which is previously studied as an effective antioxidant agent. This research focuses on a set of experimentally IC50 value data of 4 caffeic acid derivatives. The mathematical method (i.e., multilinear regression calculation) was used to build the QSAR model. QSAR analysis was employed on fitting subset using log (1/IC50) as a dependent variable and atomic net charges aromatic carbons, dipole moment and partition coefficient in n-octanol/water as independent variables. The PM3 method was used to calculate the quantum chemical descriptors, chosen to represent the electronic descriptors of molecular structures. The relationship between log (1/IC50) and the descriptors was described by resulted in the QSAR model. The resulted QSAR model for caffeic acid derivatives as an antioxidant is presented below: -7.858+1.149dipol+0.485logP-61.68C5 R=1; R2=0.999; SE=0.008; F=342 QSAR model for caffeic acid derivatives showed the enhancement of antioxidant activity due to the decrease of electronic properties (derived from the dipole moment value and C5 atomic charge), Log P representing hydrophobicity did not show a significant effect on antioxidant activity while increasing the chain length of antioxidant molecules indicate an increase in steric hindrance causes a decrease in antioxidant activity. The calculated PRESS (Predicted Residual Error Sum of Square) value was 6.69E-05, which indicates the calculated log (1/IC50) using QSAR Hansch Model of caffeic acid derivatives is similar with experimental data.
A New Statistical Model for Population III Supernova Rates: Discriminating Between ΛCDM and WDM Cosmologies

With new observational facilities becoming available soon, discovering and characterising supernovae from the first stars will open up alternative observational windows to the end of the cosmic dark ages. Based on a semi-analytical merger tree model of early star formation we constrain Population III supernova rates. We find that our method reproduces the Population III supernova rates of large-scale cosmological simulations very well. Our computationally efficient model allows us to survey a large parameter space and to explore a wide range of different scenarios for Population III star formation. Our calculations show that observations of the first supernovae can be used to differentiate between cold and warm dark matter models and to constrain the corresponding particle mass of the latter. Our predictions can also be used to optimize survey strategies with the goal to maximize supernova detection rates.
Compensation committee characteristics and voluntary executive compensation disclosure

ABSTRACT Using data from Taiwan listed firms required to voluntarily disclose not only executive but also non-executive compensation adjustments, this study reveals that a higher attendance rate of compensation committee relates to a higher possibility of voluntary disclosure. In addition, our result implies that a higher meeting frequency may represent more arguments among compensation committee members in terms of determining whether or not to make such disclosures. We also find evidence implying that busy members are likely to be ceremonial and unfavourable towards compensation adjustments for non-executive employees, which might have practical implications for policy makers.
Solving for Structural Gravity in Panels Yes We Can

Structural gravity models for trade stem from agnostic models of bilateral trade flows. Although more theoretically sound, they are much more complex to estimate. This difficulty is due to the multilateral resistance terms which account for the general equilibrium constraints of global trade and must be inferred from the rest of the model. In the present paper, I show that solving for these terms explicitly is a valid econometric approach for gravity models, including in panel data. I propose iterative solutions in Stata based on three different techniques. An example of these solutions on real data is presented. The results from this test confirm the necessity to account for the multilateral resistance terms in the estimation and raise some questions on the alternative solution using dummies.
A two-dimensional univoque set

Let $\mathbf{J} \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ be the set of couples $(x,q)$ with $q>1$ such that $x$ has at least one representation of the form $x=\sum_{i=1}^{\infty} c_i q^{-i}$ with integer coefficients $c_i$ satisfying $0 \leq c_i < q$, $i \ge 1$. In this case we say that $(c_i)=c_1c_2. $ is an expansion of $x$ in base $q$. Let $\mathbf{U}$ be the set of couples $(x,q) \in \mathbf{J}$ such that $x$ has exactly one expansion in base $q$. In this paper we deduce some topological and combinatorial properties of the set $\mathbf{U}$. We characterize the closure of $\mathbf{U}$, and we determine its Hausdorff dimension. For $(x,q) \in \mathbf{J}$, we also prove new properties of the lexicographically largest expansion of $x$ in base $q$.
An FPGA-Based HOG Accelerator with HW/SW Co-Design for Human Detection and Its Application to Crowd Density Estimation

Human detection is important in many applications and has attracted significant attention over the last decade. The Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) as effective local descriptors are used with binary sliding window mechanism to achieve good detection performance. However, the computation of HOG under such framework is about billion times and the pure software implementation for HOG computation is hard to meet the real-time requirement. This study proposes a hardware architecture called One-HOG accelerator operated on FPGA of Xilinx Spartan-6 LX-150T that provides an efficient way to compute HOG such that an embedded real-time platform of HW/SW co-design for application to crowd estimation and analysis is achieved. The One-HOG accelerator mainly consists of gradient module and histogram module. The gradient module is for computing gradient magnitude and orientation; histogram module is for generating a 36-D HOG feature vector. In addition to hardware realization, a new method called Histograms-of-Oriented-Gradients AdaBoost Long-Feature-Vector (HOG-AdaBoost-LFV) human classifier is proposed to significantly decrease the number of times to compute the HOG without sacrificing detection performance. The experiment results from three static image and four video datasets demonstrate that the proposed SW/HW (software/hardware) co-design system is 13.14 times faster than the pure software computation of Dalal algorithm.