Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Burning and Explosion Properties of Metallic Nano Powders

This paper describes experiences and results of experiments with several metallic dusts within the nanometer range. The nano dusts (aluminium, iron, zinc, titanium and copper) were tested in a modified experimental setup for the test apparatus 20-L sphere (also known as 20-L Siwek Chamber), that enables the test samples to be kept under inert atmospheric conditions nearly until ignition. This setup was already introduced in earlier papers by the authors. It was designed to allow the determination of safety characteristics of nano powders under most critical circumstances (e.g. minimisation of the influence of oxidation before the test itself). Furthermore the influence of passivation on explosion behaviour is investigated and additional tests with deposited dust were carried out to describe the burning behaviour of all dusts. For a better characterisation all samples were tested with a simultaneous thermal analysis (STA). To minimise the influence of oxidation all samples were handled at inert conditions until shortly before ignition or start of the test respectively.
Changing Preferences: An Experiment and Estimation of Market-Incentive E¤ects on Altruism

This paper studies how altruistic preferences are changed by markets and incentives. We conduct a laboratory experiment in a within-subject design. Subjects are asked to choose health care qualities for hypothetical patients in monopoly, duopoly, and quadropoly. Prices, costs, and patient bene ts are experimental incentive parameters. In monopoly, subjects choose quality to tradeo¤ between pro ts and altruistic patient bene ts. In duopoly and quadropoly, we model subjects playing a simultaneous-move game. Each subject is uncertain about an opponents altruism, and competes for patients by choosing qualities. BayesNash equilibria describe subjectsquality decisions as functions of altruism. Using a nonparametric method, we estimate the population altruism distributions from Bayes-Nash equilibrium qualities in di¤erent markets and incentive con gurations. Markets tend to reduce altruism, although duopoly and quadropoly equilibrium qualities are much higher than those in monopoly. Although markets crowd out altruism, the disciplinary powers of market competition are stronger. Counterfactuals con rm markets change preferences. Keywords: preferences, altruism, markets, incentives JEL: C14, C57, C72 Acknowledgement: The experiment and research have been funded by the International Research Collaborative for Health Economic Experiments at the University of Oslo, Boston University, and the University of Cologne. We thank Geir Godager at the University of Oslo for joint work before the experimental sessions that generated the data for the current paper. For their comments and discussions, we thank Attila Ambrus, Suzanne Bijkerk, Peter Blake, Lester Chan, Randy Ellis, Keith Ericsson, Jean-Jacques Forneron, Lorenz Götte, Sera n Grundl, Glenn Harrison, Hiroaki Kaido, Iris Kesternich, Ernest Lai, Wei Lin, John List, Alessandro Lizzeri, Michael Luca, Henry Mak, Dilip Mookherjee, Jawwad Noor, Axel Ockenfels, Daniele Paserman, Marc Rysman, Heiner Schumacher, Lise Vesterlund, Christian Waibel, Roberto Weber, and conference and seminar participants at AEA Meeting San Diego, BEAT Conference at Tsinghua University, Boston University, International Industrial Economics Conference in Zhejiang University, National Taiwan University, and University of Louisville. We thank Emanuel Castillo for his excellent programming assistance and Mona Gross for her help in conducting the experiments. The laboratory experiment has been conducted according to the ethical guidelines of the Cologne Laboratory for Experimental Research (CLER) of the University of Cologne. 1 Department of Economics, Boston University 2 Department of Economics, Boston University 3 Department of Business Administration and Health Care Management, University of Cologne
Exploring the Variety of Contributing Factors to Escalating Infections of HIV/AIDS in Nkonkobe Local Municipality in Golf Course

The aim of this paper is to explore the variety of contributing factors to escalating infections of HIV/ AIDS in Golf Course, Alice in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Social learning theory was used to explain the contributing factors to the rising number of people infected with HIV/AIDS. This paper used quantitative method and simple random sampling was employed with fifty (50) respondents from 18-35 years old. Data was collected through questionnaires and was statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings revealed that the majority of the respondents have sexual partners because they want to experience sex, and the minority does not have partners because of their religious affiliations, culture and norms. The paper concludes that even though there are existing initiatives to reduce HIV/AIDS escalation, people do not protect themselves and they tend to ignore what they have been taught by medical practitioners and others in their support groups. The researchers suggest that condoms must be distributed in households, counseling to family members of the infected person should be provided and churches should also teach people about the epidemic disease and its prevention strategies.
Modeling Tsunami Inundation and Assessing Tsunami Hazards for the U. S. East Coast

Tsunami hazard assessment along the eastern US coastline is still in its infancy, in part due to the lack of historical tsunami records and the uncertainty regarding the magnitude and return periods of potential large-scale events (e.g., transoceanic tsunamis caused by a large Lisbon 1755 type earthquake in the Azores-Gibraltar convergence zone, a large earthquake in the Caribbean subduction zone in the Puerto Rico (PR) trench or near Leeward Islands, or a flank collapse of the Cumbre Vieja Volcano (CVV) in the Canary Islands). Moreover, considerable geologic and some historical evidence (e.g., the 1929 Grand Bank landslide tsunami, and the Currituck slide site off North Carolina and Virginia) suggests that the most significant tsunami hazard in this region may arise from Submarine Mass Failures (SMF) triggered on the continental slope by moderate seismic activity (as low as Mw = 6 to the maximum expected in the region Mw = 7.5); such tsunamigenic landslides can potentially cause concentrated coastal damage affecting specific communities.
Systematics of the olive thrush Turdus oli v aceus species complex with reference to the taxonomic status of the endangered Taita thrush

During the last 40 years, few species of African birds have undergone more taxonomic revision than the olive thrush Turdus olivaceus. This is due to disagreement on how to partition the striking phenotypic variation among allopatric populations. The current consensus is to recognise one species T. olivaceus, split into three assemblages: (1) the olivaceus group restricted to southern Africa, (2) the swynnertoni group of the Zimbabwean and southern Malawi highlands, and (3) the abyssinicus group of the montane highlands of eastern and central Africa. Mitochondrial DNA sequences from 63 individuals were analysed to investigate the phylogenetic relationships among 16 taxa (species and subspecies) in the olivaceus species complex (plus seven outgroup species), with, particular emphasis on the relationships and taxonomic status of the endangered Taita thrush (helleri ). Phylogenetic hypotheses generated using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference identified a number of discrete clades corresponding to recognised subspecies. Northern (abyssinicus clade) and southern populations (olivaceus /swynnertoni clade) of olive thrush differ by 9 /10% in sequence divergence. Furthermore, all analytical methods suggested that helleri (Taita Hills) and roehli (Usambara and Pare Mountains) are reciprocally monophyletic with respect to mtDNA, and 2.5 to 10.5% divergent from all other forms of olive thrush. Both helleri and roehli are surrounded in adjacent highlands by populations of olive thrush that represent a more recent radiation, suggesting that helleri and roehli may be relict taxa which have been able to maintain their genetic integrity. The results of this study support previous arguments for recognizing the arid/woodland T. smithi as a species distinct from other southern African forest populations of T. olivaceus (including the swynnertoni group). Results further suggest that T. abyssinicus , T. helleri , and T. roehli be accorded species rank.
Unstable and stable regimes of polariton condensation : supplementary material

Marcoussis, France 2Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS-UMR 7162, Paris 75013, France 3TQC, Universiteit Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium 4INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Italy 5Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria *florent.baboux@c2n.upsaclay. fr
An introduction to the generalized labeled multi-Bernoulli filter through Matlab code

The recently developed Generalized Labeled Multi-Bernoulli (GLMB) filter, or the Vo-Vo filter, provides a “closed form” solution to the multi-target tracking problem, and has found many successful applications. However, one often hears from a general practitioner what a daunting task it is to follow all the mathematical notations in order to understand GLMB. This paper strives to describe the operations of the Vo-Vo filter through Matlab code, utilizing its object oriented features for different levels of abstractions.
Binary toxin locus analysis in Clostridium difficile Devon

The objective of this study was to compare full binary toxin loci (CDTloc) sequences from a collection of Clostridium difficile isolates in an effort to further understand the regulation of the binary toxin (CdtAB) and its putative regulator (CdtR). Sequences from different ribotypes and toxinotypes were analysed phylogenetically and for polymorphisms, non-sense mutations, promoter features and signal sequences. Expression of cdtA, which was also representative of cdtB expression, was measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Several consensus promoter features and various polymorphisms were identified including a non-sense mutation identified in a ribotype 078 cdtR gene that is predicted to result in a severely truncated protein. Despite this mutation, cdtA expression was still detected by qPCR. Dendrograms based on total sequences indicated that isolates belonging to the same ribotype shared the greatest similarity within the binary toxin locus. Although cdtR is thought to be involved in regulation of cdtA expression, a cdtR non-sense mutation did not inhibit expression of cdtA, suggesting that either the truncated protein is functional or another regulator of the binary toxin exists.
The Application of an Improved Deep Belief Network in BLDCM Control System

Deep belief network (DBN) is a kind of recurrent neural network superposed by several layers of unsupervised restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs). To solve the defect of RBM during sample training that the fixed learning rate is unfavorable to find the optimal value, a principle of dynamical learning rate was proposed to improve the RBM network so as to increase the accuracy of eigenvector mapping. Moreover, the authors also constructed a DBN with two layers of RBMs, of which the neural networks were self-trained by using contrastive divergence (CD). The improved network was applied to control BLDCM.The experimental results indicate that the improved DBN can effectively accelerate response and also improve the accuracy.
ANTIDEPRESSANT AND ANTISTRESS ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF TAGETES ERECTA LEAVES AND ITS ACUTE TOXICITY PROFILE IN MICE

Different parts of plant Tagetes erecta Linn. (Asteraceae) have been traditionally used for a number of disorders including fever, epileptic fits, astringent and as a carminative to relieve flatulence or abdominal pain or distension. The aim of the study was to evaluate antidrepressant/antistress activity of methanolic extract of Tagetes erecta leaves (TEL) and its acute toxicity profile including haematological/histopathological aspects, and phytochemical analysis. The mice were administered with vehicle (10 ml/kg saline, served as control), the extract of TEL (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight/rat/p.o.) and Standard drug, Diazepam (2 mg/kg/rat) for 7 days. Forced Swimming Test (FST), Tail Suspension Test (TST) and Anoxic Tolerance Test (ATT) were conducted 60 min after the last administration of TEL extract to determine the antidrepressant/antistress effects. Acute toxicity profile including haematological and histopathological aspects was carried out after 14 days treatment of TEL extract in mice. Results showed that TEL extract (at 250 and 500 mg/kg doses) significantly (p< 0.01 and 0.001) reduced the duration of immobility in FST and TST without affecting locomotor activity in open field test. It was also observed that TEL extract significantly increased (p< 0.05) anoxia stress tolerance time in a dose dependant manner as compared to control, but, World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 8.074 Volume 7, Issue 16, 1634-1654. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 Article Received on 18 July 2018, Revised on 08 August 2018, Accepted on 29 August 2018 DOI: 10.20959/wjpr201816-13198 *Corresponding Author Rama Kant Singh Division of Toxicology & Experimental medicine,
Associations between interleukin-17 A ( G /-197 A ) polymorphism and cancer susceptibility : a systematic review and meta-analysis of 30 case-control studies

Background: A number of previous case-control studies have reported the associations between Interleukin-17 (IL-17) A (G/-197A) polymorphism and risk of cancer. However, the results remained to be not consistent. We performed a meta-analysis to detect the susceptibility that IL-17A (G/-197A) polymorphism contributes to cancer. Method: We conducted a comprehensive research via the electricity databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CBM and CNKI to identify eligible literatures published up to November, 2015. Totally, 30 case-control studies with 8652 cases and 10699 controls were satisfied our inclusion criterias. A calculating pooled odds ratio (OR) was applied to evaluate the degree of candidate associations. Calculating evidences of these associations were estimated and enhanced by a sensitivity analyses, a test of publication bias and a false-positive report probability (FPRP). Result: In overall analysis, a significant correlation was observed between IL-17A (G/-197A) polymorphism and cancer potential susceptibility. Furthermore, stratified analysis based on subgroups indicated that IL-17A (G/-197A) polymorphism showed a closely relationship with an increased cancer risk in gastric cancer and cervical cancer, but not in colorectal cancer in subgroup of cancer types. And a higher susceptibility was found in Asian population compared with Caucasian population. Conclusion: Our present meta-analysis suggested that a significant relationship exists between IL-17A (G/-197A) polymorphism and cancer potential susceptibility as 30 studies are pooled together.
Almost Robust Optimization with Binary Variables

The main goal of this paper is to develop a simple and tractable methodology (both theoretical and computational) for incorporating data uncertainty into optimization problems in general and into discrete (binary decision variables) optimization problems in particular. We present the Almost Robust Optimization (ARO) model that addresses data uncertainty for discrete optimization models. The ARO model tradeoffs the objective function value with robustness, to find optimal solutions that are almost robust (feasible under most realizations). The proposed model is attractive due to its simple structure, its ability to model dependence among uncertain parameters, and its ability to incorporate the decision maker’s attitude towards risk by controlling the degree of conservatism of the optimal solution. Specifically, we define the Robustness Index that enables the decision maker to adjust the ARO to better suit her risk preference. We also demonstrate the potential advantages of being almost robust as opposed to being fully robust. To solve the ARO model with discrete decision variables efficiently, we develop a decomposition approach that decomposes the model into a deterministic master problem and a single subproblem that checks the master problem solution under different realizations and generates cuts if needed. Computational experiments demonstrate that the decomposition approach is able to find the optimal solutions up to three orders-of-magnitude faster than the original formulation. We demonstrate our methodology on the knapsack problem with uncertain weights, the capacitated facility location problem with uncertain demands, and the vehicle routing problem with uncertain demands and travel times.
UND PRAKTISCHE MATHEMATIK Efficient Compilation of Cyclic Synchronous Programs

Synchronous programs may contain cyclic signal interdependencies. This prohibits a static scheduling, which limits the choice of available compilation techniques for such programs. This paper proposes an algorithm which, given a constructive synchronous program, performs a semantics-preserving source-level code transformation that removes cyclic signal dependencies, and also exposes opportunities for further optimization. The transformation exploits the monotonicity of constructive programs, and is illustrated in the context of Esterel; however, it should be applicable to other synchronous languages as well. Experimental results indicate the efficacy of this approach, resulting in reduced run times and/or smaller code sizes, and potentially reduced compilation times as well. Furthermore, experiments with generating hardware indicate that here as well the synthesis results can be improved.
Global Lake Surface Water Temperatures For Biodiversity, Limnology, Meteorology And Climate

A reprocessing of Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) archives has been undertaken to create global lake surface water temperature (LSWT) datasets for a range of applications. The project, funded by the European Space Agency and called “ARC-Lake”, applies optimal estimation (OE) retrievals and probabilistic cloud screening methods to provide LSWT estimates for approximately 1000 lakes, globally, from 1991 to 2012. This methodology is generic (i.e. applicable to all lakes) as variations in physical properties such as elevation, salinity, and atmospheric conditions are accounted for through the forward modelling of observed radiances. The publicly available data products from ARC-Lake have been used, and have further potential for application, in a variety of fields, including meteorology, climate, and ecology. We will provide an overview of ARC-Lake from methodology through to applications of the LSWT datasets.
Modular Checking of Confinement for Object-Oriented Components using Abstract Interpretation

The ability to express confinement properties of objects is crucial in the context of component-oriented software development. Recently, several techniques based on type systems have been developed to express and check confinement properties for objectoriented programs. Unfortunately, learning these often quite complex type systems is a burden to programmers. Furthermore, without inference techniques, they require nontrivial code annotations. In this paper, we propose a very lightweight approach to add encapsulation support to a Java-like language. We annotate class declarations and new statements to express which classes instantiate new components and which objects are confined to their surrounding component. To check encapsulation we developed a modular static analysis based on an abstract interpretation of single components. Successfully analyzed components will never break confinement regardless of the program they are used in.
Potential of biopigments from Monascus purpureus Went as natural food colorant for Philippine native sausage (Longganisa).

Potential of Monascus pigments as substitute to sodium nitrite (NaNO2) in Philippine native sausage, longganisa, was evaluated. Three pigment levels (1, 2, and 3%) were added and tested for their effects on the microbial, physicochemical and sensory properties of the product. Monascus pigments, regardless of concentration, showed good microbial inhibition against bacteria and yeast. Both Monascus pigments and NaNO2 had no significant effect on the moisture content, titratable acidity, and water activity of the sausages. All Monascus-treated sausages received flavor ratings comparable with that of nitrite-treated samples. However, sausages treated with 2 and 3% Monascus pigments had pronounced off-flavor which resulted in their significantly lower over-all acceptability ratings. Longganisa added with 1% Monascus pigments received the highest over-all acceptability, with ratings comparable with that nitrite-treated sausage. Therefore, addition of Monascus pigments at 1% level could be a natural alternative to the use of nitrite in longganisa.
DRIVER DROWSINESS MONITORING BASED ON EYE AND YAWN DETECTION Ms

Drowsiness can be dangerous when performing tasks that require constant concentration, such as driving a vehicle. When a person is sufficiently fatigued, drowsiness may be experienced. Drowsy driving is a prevalent and serious public health issue that deserves more attention, education, and policy initiatives so a substantial amount of lives can be saved and disability averted due to drowsy driving accidents. In an effort to reduce the number of fatigue-related crashes and to save lives, special body and face gestures are used as sign of driver fatigue, including yawning, and eye movement, which indicate that the driver is no longer in a proper driving condition. In this paper, we discuss a method for detecting driver’s drowsiness and subsequently alerting the driver as well as the owner of the vehicle.
Classification of active sonar echoes using a one-class classification technique

A typical approach to data classification based on machine learning algorithms is binary classification. This involves the classifier to be trained using representative data sets provided from two object classes. In reality, data from one of the classes may be not well-defined or readily available and so the one-class classification technique is gaining popularity. In this research we apply this method to the problem of classification using active sonar echoes from different classes of objects. A one-class classification research tool was developed in Matlab ® to implement several one-class classification techniques found in literature. The tool was applied to three sets of data: simulated, laboratory and at-sea. The performance of the selected classifiers on different data sets will be discussed in this paper.
IMPACT OF A DIETARY FIBER DEFICIENCY ON THE CÆCAL ECOSYSTEM OF THE YOUNG RABBIT . MODULATION BY YEAST PROBIOTICS

The effect of a fiber deficiency combined with a live yeast dietary supplementation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was analyzed on the young rabbit cæcal ecosystem from 28 (weaning) to 58 days of age. A bifactorial experimental design (2x2) was used: fiber concentration in diet (fiber deficient "FD" = 9% ADF vs 19% ADF for control diet), and yeast supplementation (10g/kg Actisaf® yeast, i.e 10CFU/gDM) or not. At 36 days of age, the cæcal pH was higher in FD groups (+0.3 units) than control. Ammonia (NH3) level in cæcum at 58 days increased from 6.3 for control to 14.8 mmol/l for FD groups. Cæcal redox potential (Eh), diversity and structure of bacterial communities (fingerprint method) were not affected by the dietary fiber level. The yeast supplementation had no significant effect on biotope (pH, Eh, NH3) and cæcal bacterial biocenosis (structure, diversity). However, the yeast supplementation tended to increase the bacterial biodiversity by 9% (P=0.06) compared to the control.