Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the design of quaternary arithmetic logic unit based on CNTFETs

ABSTRACT A new approach for designing a quaternary arithmetic logic unit (ALU) based on carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) is presented in this paper. The proposed design performs basic arithmetic and logic functions and is extendable to perform additional functions (both arithmetic and logic functions). Efficient circuit-level optimisation techniques such as data gating are used to reduce the power consumption and enhance the performance of the proposed design. In addition, the unique properties of CNTFETs such as adjusting the threshold voltages of CNTFETs by tuning the CNTs diameters are utilised for designing a quaternary ALU. The proposed design is simulated and examined in different conditions and in the presence of major process variations using the Synopsys HSPICE simulator with Stanford 32nm CNTFET technology.
Kollektive und Netzwerke als komplementäre Ansätze in der Eisenzeitforschung

Traditionell spielt der Kulturbegriff in der prähistorischen Archäologie eine große Rolle. Wenngleich der archäologische Kulturbegriff im Laufe des letzten Jahrhunderts vielfach diskutiert und kritisiert wurde, ist eine systematische Abkehr vom Kulturbegriff erst während der letzten beiden Jahrzehnte zu beobachten. Wurde zunächst der Begriff der kollektiven Identitäten als unproblematische Alternative propagiert, so ist es derzeit vor allem der Netzwerkbegriff, der als Schlagwort eines neuen Paradigmas ausgerufen wird. Der Kollektivbegriff hingegen spielt noch eine geringe Rolle. Dieser Beitrag entwickelt aufbauend auf einer Fallstudie ein Konzept, das einige Kritikpunkte überwindet und alternative Konzepte integriert. Die Fallstudie dient hierbei nicht nur zur Veranschaulichung der Konzepte und als Grundlage ihrer Erarbeitung. Die Fallstudie schließt vielmehr an virulente Forschungsfragen der letzten Dekade an und zeigt damit die Relevanz
(Q, S)-distance model and counting algorithms in dynamic distributed systems

With the advance in mobile network-based systems, dynamic system has become one of the hotspots in fundamental study of distributed systems. In this article, we consider the dynamic system with frequent topology changes arising from node mobility or other reasons, which is also referred to as “dynamic network. ” With the model of dynamic network, fundamental distributed computing problems, such as information dissemination and election, can be formally studied with rigorous correctness. Our work focuses on the node counting problem in dynamic environments. We first define two new dynamicity models, named (Q, S)-distance and (Q, S)*-distance, which describe dynamic changes of information propagation time against topology changes. Based on these two models, we design three different counting algorithms which basically adopt the approach of diffusing computation. These algorithms mainly differ in communication cost due to different information collection procedures. The correctness of all the algorithms is formally proved and their performance is evaluated via both theoretical analysis and experimental simulations.
User-centred design as an important component of technological development

Abstract: New technologies can be implemented in clinical rehabilitation processes or to close the gap in health care provision by transferring them to the patients’ home. Successful use can only be achieved under the assumption that the technology is accepted by its users. The involvement of users in iterative development processes is to be shown to increase the quality of health care systems and to prevent refusal. In this review potentials of user acceptance and satisfaction surveys in the development of stroke rehabilitation systems are discussed. The surveys are conducted as a method for improving the ongoing design process of innovative technical systems developed in the BMBF funded project “BeMobil”.
MTran: An XML Transformation Language Based on Monadic Second Order Logic.

Although monadic second-order logic (MSO) has been a foundation of XML queries, little work has attempted to take MSO formulae themselves as a programming construct. Indeed, MSO formulae are capable of expressing (1) all regular queries, (2) deep matching without explicit recursion, (3) queries in a “don’t-care semantics” for unmentioned nodes, and (4) n-ary queries for locating n-tuples of nodes. While previous frameworks for subtree extraction (path expressions, pattern matches, etc.) each had some of these properties, none has satisfied all of them. In this paper, we have designed and implemented a practical XML transformation language called MTran that fully exploits the expressiveness of MSO. MTran is a language based on “select-andtransform” templates similar in spirit to XSLT. However, we design our templates specially suitable for expressing structure-preserving transformation, eliminating the need for explicit recursive calls to be written. Moreover, we allow templates to be nested so as to make use of an n-ary query that depends on the n i 1 nodes selected by the preceding templates. For the implementation of the MTran language, we have developed, as the core part, an efficient evaluation strategy for n-ary MSO queries. This consists of (a) an exploitation of the existing MONA system for the translation from MSO formulae to tree automata and (b) a linear time query evaluation algorithm for tree automata. For the latter, our algorithm is similar to Flum-Frick-Grohe algorithm for MSO queries locating n-tuples of sets of nodes, except that ours is specialized to queries for tuples of nodes and employs a partially lazy set operationsfor attaining a simpler implementation with a fewer number of tree traversals. We have made experiments and confirmed that our strategy yields a practical performance.
A new indicator of leaf stomatal conductance based on thermal imaging for field grown cowpea

ABSTRACT Compared with a porometer, a thermal camera can be easily applied to large plant populations comprising a set of varieties, treatments, and replications, whereby, leaf temperature-based indicators are widely used to estimate stomatal conductance (gs); however, a major difficulty in applying these indicators is their vulnerability to meteorological conditions. In this study, a new indicator of gs (GsI) was developed with a modified theoretical equation of gs that was highly simplified by means of several assumptions. GsI calculation uses leaf and air temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation measurements. To validate and compare GsI values with other thermal indicators as leaf-air temperature difference and crop water stress index, glasshouse and field experiments were conducted. Leaf temperature of cowpea plants was measured using a low-cost thermal camera to ensure a cost-friendly method. GsI proved to be more stable than other indicators, relative to the measured gs, irrespective of solar radiation, air temperature, and relative humidity conditions. As no reference temperature is needed for the calculation of GsI, it easily applies to large plant populations, although the GsI is most accurate in the range from moderate to high gs values (approximately, >0.2 mol m−2 s−1). We used GsI to evaluate a cowpea germplasm collection consisting of 248 accessions, and elucidated that most accessions with higher GsI, which expected to have higher gs, are originated in West-Africa. As GsI is available regardless of varying meteorological conditions, it is a useful indicator of gs, especially in field studies involving multilocation and time-course evaluations. Abbreviations: Cp: specific heat of the air; CWSI: crop water stress index; DAS: days after sowing; DT: saturated vapor pressure at temperature T; ea: vapor pressure of the air; es: vapor pressure at leaf surface; G: heat flux to the ground; ga: boundary layer conductance; gs: stomatal conductance; gv: total conductance; RH: relative humidity; Rn: net radiation; Rs: short-wave radiation; S: heat flux to the leaf; Ta: air temperature; Tdry: dry reference temperature; Ts: leaf surface temperature; Twet: wet reference temperature; VPD: vapor pressure deficit; γ: psychrometric constant; λE: latent heat flux; ρ: air density. Graphical Abstract
Thwarting Spam on Facebook: Identifying Spam Posts Using Machine Learning Techniques

Spam on the online social networks (OSNs) is evolving as a prominent problem for the users of these networks. Spammers often use certain techniques to deceive the OSN users for their own benefit. Facebook, one of the leading OSNs, is experiencing such crucial problems at an alarming rate. This chapter presents a methodology to segregate spam from legitimate posts using machine learning techniques: naïve Bayes (NB), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF). The textual, image, and video features are used together, which wasn’t considered by the earlier researchers. Then, 1.5 million posts and comments are extracted from archival and real-time Facebook data, which is then pre-processed using RStudio. A total of 30 features are identified, out of which 10 are the best informative for identification of spam vs. ham posts. The entire dataset is shuffled and divided into three ratios, out of which 80:20 ratio of training and testing dataset provides the best result. Also, RF classifier outperforms NB and SVM by achieving overall F-measure 89.4% on the combined feature set.
Diversity, Structure and Dynamics of a Mangrove Forest: a Case Study

The intertidal vegetation along tropical and subtropical coast is defined as mangrove vegetation. India has a long coast line measuring 7516 km. The ecology of mangrove forest is relatively less studied. Mangrove systems are known to be one of the most productive systems in the world. The study aimed to estimate the carbon sequestration potential of a relatively protected sacred grove along the western coast of India, in Kagekanu, Kumta, Karnataka. One hectare permanent plot was established, with all woody stems > 1 cm dbh (diameter at breast height), which were marked and identified. Repeated measurements were made to register the growth and other parameters. Allometric equation was used to estimate the biomass, out of which 50% was considered as carbon content. A total of 1100 stems > 1 cm dbh, belonging to 4 species, were enumerated. There was an overall decline of 13.9% stems during the study period. Mean mortality rate was found to be 5.83 ± 1.85% and there was no recruitment. The biomass increased from 155.53 tons/ha to 164.28 tons/ha. There was a net gain of 4.38 tons. Avicinnia officinalis was found to contribute significantly to carbon sequestration.
Genetic diversity of pod traits in local populations of Medicago ciliaris L.

The present study estimated the genetic diversity of Tunisian populations of Medicago ciliaris L. by assessing nine morphological pod traits among 14 local populations conserved at the National Gene Bank of Tunisia. Pod diameter and pod weight were the most discriminating variables and were significantly correlated. According to Nei statistical analyses, mean genetic diversity (HT) for all traits recorded across all populations averaged 0.300 and ranged from 0.438 for pod shape to 0.204 for angle of insertion of spines. High genetic differentiation among populations (GST = 0.213) for all traits and particularly for qualitative ones (GST = 0.324) was found. Angle of insertion of spine displayed a little genetic variation among populations (HT = 0.204) while pod shape displayed a high level of genetic variation (HT = 0.349). It appears that pod characters are useful tools for a preliminary investigation of genetic diversity of Medicago ciliaris L. populations. These traits helped us to differentiate the population from Dougga as an ecotype.
Actual Evapotranspiration Model Based on the Irrigation Volume of the Maize Fields on Alfisols

Evapotranspiration data are considered important to determine volume and schedule of the irrigation. The purpose of this study is to determine the actual evapotranspiration model based on the volume of the irrigation to obtain an accurate evapotranspiration value on Alfisols with maize plantation. This research is conducted in the experimental field Jumantono subdistrict, Karanganyar regency by the experiment of the maize (Zea mays) on Alfisols. The evapotranspiration model uses the soil correction factor (x) and the irrigation volume (% ETc). The soil correction factor (X) is calculated by linear regression on actual evapotranspiration (ETa) with crop evapotranspiration (ETc). ETc using reference evapotranspiration (ETo) using the Penman-Monteith model. The results showed that ETa was smaller than ETc in all treatments. The models that can be produced in this study are 3 models. All models applied to produce a determination coefficient > 90%, which all models have a positive relationship. The best actual evapotranspiration model was in total model uses ETa = {0.0403 + (0.0085 × Irrigation volume)} × ETc, for daily estimation and total one planting estimation; weekly estimation using the weekly model using ETa = {0.4428 + (0.0054 ×Irrigation volume)}× ETc. The errors of both models are ± 1%.
Comparison of Text to Image Synthesis Algorithms

: As in the recent times there has been significant progress in the generation of photo realistic images based on text descriptions. There have been various models achieving great results in this domain which have produced remarkable results. This paper aim’s to analyze two such successful models and to analyze their efficiency and to compare the result in generating photo realistic images based on the text input. The purpose is also to look into the architecture and also check how efficiently the results are produced and also analyze the pros and cons of the two models. Further it would also look into the future aspects of these models so as to how these models can be used as a base to build upon more complex architecture.
An application of OFDM method to optical disc recording

An application of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) method to optical disc recording/readout is presented. OFDM has been widely used in the field of telecommunication owing to its highly efficient frequency usage. However OFDM has not been applied to optical disc recording because it is a multiple data transfer method and needs to record analog signals. Partial Response Maximum Likelihood (PRML) used in the current optical disc systems requires a certain kind of analog recording. Although optical recording usually creates binary marks, it is possible to obtain arbitrary analog readout signals by using PWM method. Another technique to generate analog signals using the oversampled binary recording is described and applied to multiple level recording. In addition, it is found that the level adjustment of multiple carriers for OFDM leads to the advantage when it is applied to the optical disc system. Using the simple transfer function model of the optical disc system, two types of readout signals using PRML and OFDM are calculated and then their qualities are compared. Since Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) method can be combined with OFDM, it is possible to increase the recoding density of optical disc systems. A method employing OFDM with 64-QAM and the pre-enhance method to the high frequency carrier shows an ability of 1.5 times recording density of the conventional Bru-ray Disc (BD).
Effect of two cytokinins and a growth inhibitor on the in vitro tuberization of two genotypes of Solanum tuberosum L. cvs. Atlantic and Alpha

This investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of two cytokinins: 6-benzilaminopurine (BAP) (6.5 mg l-1) and kinetin (K) (2.5 mg l-1), as well as the growth inhibitor abscisic acid (ABA) (1.0 mg l-1) on the in vitro tuberization capacity of two potato varieties: Atlantic and Alpha. The basal culture medium MS (1962) was used as a control. The responses were different between varieties. In cv. Atlantic, the analysis of the number (NM), weight (WM) and diameter (DM) of microtubers indicated that the addition of growth regulators did not affect induction and development of microtubers. However, when BAP was used, a non-significant increment of 41 % was observed in the number of the microtubers compared to the control treatment, from 2.6 to 4.4. The addition of cytokinins and ABA to the medium did not have a significant impact on the development of microtubers. In cv. Alpha the cytokinins used without ABA increased the number of microtubers, which were larger and heavier than those of the control treatment. In this variety, ABA significantly reduced the values of the NM, WM and DM variables. The exogenous action of cytokinins in the culture medium is likely to have caused an endogenous hormonal imbalance in the Atlantic and Alpha genotypes which interfered with their innate microtuberization ability, a result that was even more evident for cv. Alpha, which showed the need to continue optimizing protocols of genotype-specific systems in potato tissue culture to increase yield and seed quality.
Níveis de energia digestível sobre os desempenhos reprodutivo e zootécnico e a deposição de lipídios nos hepatócitos de machos de tilápia-do-nilo

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the reproductive and zootechnical performance, and lipid deposition in the liver tissue of the Nile tilapia males fed diets containing different levels of digestible energy obtained from inclusion of soybean oil. Four hundred 400 broodfish (300 females and 100 males) were assigned to a completely randomized design composed of five levels of digestible energy (2,700, 2,950, 3,200, 3,450 and 3,700 kcal digestible energy.kg of feed-1) and four replications. The breeding were fed diets containing 35% of crude protein and submitted to hapas reproductive management for 101 days. The model adjusted by multiple regression analysis suggests the best result for sperm concentration and percentage of normal sperm for breeding fed diets containing 3.465. 56 and 3.443. 43 kcal digetible energy.kg of feed-1, producing 7.98 × 109 sperm.mL of semen-1 and 38.98% of normal sperm, respectively. The diet energy levels also caused an increase of lipid inclusion in the hepatocytes. The sperm production, seminal pH, sperm survival index and sperm activation time were not affected by energetic levels of the diets. The zootechnical performance was not affected by the energy levels of the diets either. The energy levels in the diets caused a linear increase in the lipid inclusion in the hepatocytes and affected the sperm quality by stimulating the spermatozoa production and the improving of normality indices of sperm morphology in energy levels around 3,450 kcal digestible energy.kg of feed-1.
A Methodology For Micro-Policies

A METHODOLOGY FOR MICRO-POLICIES Arthur Azevedo de Amorim Benjamin C. Pierce This thesis proposes a formal methodology for defining, specifying, and reasoning about micropolicies—security policies based on fine-grained tagging that include forms of access control, memory safety, compartmentalization, and information-flow control. Our methodology is based on a symbolic machine that extends a conventional RISC-like architecture with tags. Tags express security properties of parts of the program state (“this is an instruction,” “this is secret,” etc.), and are checked and propagated on every instruction according to flexible user-supplied rules. We apply this methodology to two widely studied policies, information-flow control and heap memory safety, implementing them with the symbolic machine and formally characterizing their security guarantees: for information-flow control, we prove a classic notion of termination-insensitive noninterference; for memory safety, a novel property that protects memory regions that a program cannot validly reach through the pointers it possesses—which, we believe, provides a useful criterion for evaluating and comparing different flavors of memory safety. We show how the symbolic machine can be realized with a more practical processor design, where a software monitor takes advantage of a hardware cache to speed up its execution while protecting itself from potentially malicious user-level code. Our development has been formalized and verified in the Coq proof assistant, attesting that our methodology can provide rigorous security guarantees.
Network Analysis as a Grand Unifier in Biomedical Data Science

Biomedical data scientists study many types of networks, ranging from those formed by neurons to those created by molecular interactions. People often criticize these networks as uninterpretable diagrams termed hairballs; however, here we show that molecular biological networks can be interpreted in several straightforward ways. First, we can break down a network into smaller components, focusing on individual pathways and modules. Second, we can compute global statistics describing the network as a whole. Third, we can compare networks. These comparisons can be within the same context (e.g., between two gene regulatory networks) or cross-disciplinary (e.g., between regulatory networks and governmental hierarchies). The latter comparisons can transfer a formalism, such as that for Markov chains, from one context to another or relate our intuitions in a familiar setting (e.g., social networks) to the relatively unfamiliar molecular context. Finally, key aspects of molecular networks are dynamics and evolution, i.e., how they evolve over time and how genetic variants affect them. By studying the relationships between variants in networks, we can begin to interpret many common diseases, such as cancer and heart disease.
How domain specific is merge

The Minimalist Program (MP) claims that Merge is the core cognitive computation responsible for the recursive hierarchies found in human language and thought (Chomsky, 2017a; Chomsky, 2017b; Hornstein, 2017). Additionally, it claims that Merge is unique to the Language Faculty (Berwick & Chomsky, 2016; Fitch et al., 2005; Hauser et al., 2002; Hornstein & Pietroski, 2009; Poeppel, 2017). Recently, this language-uniqueness view was tested (Martins et al., 2015a) by asking participants to complete a recursive rule-based visual categorization task while performing a phonological working memory task. The verbal task did not interfere with the visual, suggesting that the representation of recursion in vision is not dependent on language domain-specific resources. This study can be criticized, however, for using a verbal task that is not linguistically domainspecific for the MP. More specifically, MP researchers have recently claimed that Merge consists of a linguistically domain-specific cognitive process of (1) lexicalization and (2) concatenation (Zaccarella & Friederici, 2016; Hornstein, 2017; Hornstein & Pietroski, 2009). Therefore, in the current study, we operationalize this critique and test the hypothesis that classifying images as wellformed continuations of a recursive rule relies on Merge as defined by the MP. To do so, we used the Visual Recursion Task in a dual-task paradigm that included interference conditions tapping specifically into components (1) and (2) of Merge. In the Visual Recursion Task (VRT) (Martins, 2015b), participants are shown three successive iterations of a fractal. After the three images appear, two images are shown simultaneously and participants must select the image that best 80