Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-time intrafraction motion monitoring in external beam radiotherapy

Radiotherapy (RT) aims to deliver a spatially conformal dose of radiation to tumours while maximizing the dose sparing to healthy tissues. However, the internal patient anatomy is constantly moving due to respiratory, cardiac, gastrointestinal and urinary activity. The long term goal of the RT community to ‘see what we treat, as we treat’ and to act on this information instantaneously has resulted in rapid technological innovation. Specialized treatment machines, such as robotic or gimbal-steered linear accelerators (linac) with in-room imaging suites, have been developed specifically for real-time treatment adaptation. Additional equipment, such as stereoscopic kilovoltage (kV) imaging, ultrasound transducers and electromagnetic transponders, has been developed for intrafraction motion monitoring on conventional linacs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been integrated with cobalt treatment units and more recently with linacs. In addition to hardware innovation, software development has played a substantial role in the development of motion monitoring methods based on respiratory motion surrogates and planar kV or Megavoltage (MV) imaging that is available on standard equipped linacs. In this paper, we review and compare the different intrafraction motion monitoring methods proposed in the literature and demonstrated in real-time on clinical data as well as their possible future developments. We then discuss general considerations on validation and quality assurance for clinical implementation. Besides photon RT, particle therapy is increasingly used to treat moving targets. However, transferring motion monitoring technologies from linacs to particle beam lines presents substantial challenges. Lessons learned from the implementation of real-time intrafraction monitoring for photon RT will be used as a basis to discuss the implementation of these methods for particle RT.
Teacher practice in primary mathematics classrooms: A story of positioning

The past twenty-five years have seen a dramatic increase in the interest given to dialogue between teachers and students, and students and students during mathematics teaching and learning. This interest is evident within the growing body of research and the call for the increased quality and quantity of student discourse in curriculum and policy documents. Recent research in mathematics education is underpinned by the belief that students learn best when they have the opportunity to participate in their own and others’ mathematical talk, text, and actions in purposeful and meaningful ways. This study explores how teachers position themselves and students in their lowest and highest mathematics strategy groups and how that positioning influences the sharing of mathematical know-how. Mathematical know-how within this study comprises teacher and student independence, judgement, and creativity. Social-constructivist theories of teaching and learning underpin the focus of this study. The importance of teachers and students constructing and co-constructing individual and shared mathematical understandings through dialogically rich interactions with each other and the environment are considered. Positioning theory provides the theoretical lens through which mathematical know-how will be analysed and understood. The constructs of positioning theory important to this research were the teachers’ and students’ positions, enacted as their rights and duties, the storylines that develop through the positions, rights, and duties and the teachers’ and students’ social acts which come to have significance and be a social force within the teaching and learning. The decision to employ qualitative case study methodology arose naturally from the subjective social phenomenon of teaching and learning. The analysis of data generated through video and audio recordings, transcriptions, participant observations, and documents and archival records supported the development of the two cases: teacher affording positioning, and teacher constraining positioning. The particularised and investigative design of qualitative case study supported the development of an emerging taxonomy of teacher affording and constraining positioning. The taxonomy contributed to the growing body of knowledge regarding student participation by categorising new thinking in regards to the phenomenon of teachers and positioning in mathematics. Teachers in this study afforded the sharing of mathematical know-how from the position of appropriator, procurer, and provoker. The positions of controller, proprietor, and protector were found to constrain the sharing of mathematical know-how. Significant differences were revealed in how teachers positioned themselves and how their positioning influenced opportunities for student engagement. Higher levels of student talk, text, and actions were evident when teachers positioned themselves to ensure the mathematics was visible, fluid, and contestable. Collaboration between teachers and students, and students and students, was a strong feature of the emerging taxonomy.
ABC model choice via random forests

Introduced in the late 1990’s, the ABC method can be considered from several perspectives, ranging from a purely practical motivation towards handling complex likelihoods to non-parametric justifications. We propose here a dierent analysis of ABC techniques and in particular of ABC model selection. Our exploration focus on the idea that generic machine learning tools like random forests (Breiman, 2001) can help in conducting model selection among the highly complex models covered by ABC algorithms. Both theoretical and algorithmic output indicate that posterior probabilities are poorly estimated by ABC. We thus strongly alters how Bayesian model selection is both understood and operated, since we advocate completely abandoning the use of posterior probabilities of the models under comparison as evidence tools. As a substitute, we propose to select the most likely model via a random forest procedure and to compute posterior predictive performances of the corresponding ABC selection method. Indeed, we argue that random forest methods can clearly be adapted to such settings, with a further documented recommendation towards sparse implementation of the random forest tree construction, using severe subsampling and reduced reference tables. The performances of the resulting ABC-random forest methodology are illustrated on several real or realistic population genetics datasets.
A Web-Based System for Media Sharing and Collaborative Tools

The design and implementation of MediaExchange examines the design and implementation of server-side software to support media sharing and collaborative tools. Enterprise Java Beans are used as a transactional, distributed, and object-relational framework for creating these tools and services. Adaptation of the server-side Model-View-Controller object-oriented paradigm for EJB is used as a basis for development. EJB architectures that maximize performance and extensibility are investigated. A complete suite of browser-based workflows is implemented, along with client libraries for accessing the system at the application logic level. Examples of application integration with the system are also given. Thesis Supervisor: Glorianna Davenport Title: Principal Research Scientist MIT Media Laboratory, Interactive Cinema
RatCog: A GUI maze simulation tool with plugin "rat brains."

We have implemented RatCog, a Graphical User Interface (GUI) radial-maze simulation tool providing various computational models of rats. Rat models are loaded as runtime plugin files, and an Application Programming Interface (API) enables additional plugins to be created. One implemented plugin is a back-propagation trained connectionist model. GUI features include maze graphics and performance statistics. The GUI makes it easier to use these computional models, while the plugins make the models widely available.
Real-Time Embedded Systems: Optimization, Synthesis, and Networking

Introduction to Real-Time Embedded Systems Embedded Systems Overview Fixed Time Model of Heterogeneous Embedded Systems Probabilistic Time Model of Heterogeneous Embedded Systems Optimization for Real-Time Embedded Systems Introduction Related Work Graph Models and Timing Optimization Multi-Core Embedded Systems Design Introduction Basic Concepts and Models The Algorithms Experiments Resource Allocation with Inaccurate Information Introduction Related Work Model and Definition Algorithms Simulation Heterogeneous Parallel Computing Introduction Motivational Example System Model The Algorithm to Optimize Heterogeneous Embedded Systems Experiments Scheduling for Phase Change Memory with Scratch Pad Memory Introduction Models and Basic Concepts Problem Statement Algorithms Experiments Task Scheduling in Multiprocessor to Reduce Peak Temperature Introduction Related Work Model and Background Motivational Example Thermal-Aware Task Scheduling Algorithm Experimental Results Networked Sensing and Monitoring Systems Introduction Models The Algorithms Experiments Battery-Aware Scheduling for Wireless Sensor Network Introduction Related Work Background and Model Two-Phase List-Scheduling Algorithms Experimental Results Adaptive Resource Allocation in Cloud Systems Introduction Related Work Model and Background Resource Allocation and Task Scheduling Algorithm Experimental Results Bibliography A Conclusion and Glossary appear at the end of each chapter.
Quality of Service Scheduling in the Firm Real-Time Systems

Most scheduling algorithms developed for soft and ﬁrm real-time systems lack the ability to enforce constraints on the upper limit of misses. Unbounded consecutive time constraint violations may occur without such an enforcement. Realistically, if consecutive instances of a task fail to complete before their deadlines, then the system will eventually suffer from a failure. This indicates that there are additional constraints. These constraints express the minimum degree of timeliness that must be enforced for ﬁrm real-time tasks. This is the subject of this chapter.
Quality of service based end-to-end SiMO routing framework in differentiated services networks

Differentiated services (DiffServ) is a proposed architecture for the Internet in which various applications are supported using a simple classification scheme. Unlike its counterpart model of IntServ (integrated services) plus RSVP (resource reservation protocol), the DiffServ framework does not need to maintain large state information in core routers, and only carries out aggregate resource reservation at edge routers. Therefore, DiffServ calls for a very different routing framework from IntServ. In this paper, we propose two new QoS-based routing algorithms under the SiMO (single service, multiple options) framework for DiffServ architectures. These are kthQoSR (kth-shortest QoS routing) and EVQoSR (maximum energy value QoS routing). We also introduce QoS extensions to OSPF and compare it to our SiMO routing protocols. Our core routing strategy in SiMO, kthQoSR. is executed at the path level and selects one or more routes from a set of computed routes according to defined selection metrics. On the other hand, EVQoSR is a link level, online distributed routing algorithm. Through extensive simulation, we show that our proposed SiMO routing framework can achieve better route qualities in terms of load balancing, and network throughput.
The Stability of Original Thinking in Young Children

Findings from the longitudinal study demonstrate that original thinking in young children (N = 33, 75 to 98 mo.) is relatively stable between 4 and ages 7 and 8. The stability of original thinking (r = .54) was comparable to the stability of 1Q ( r # .44) over the same period of time. Original thinking defined as the ability to generate unusual ideas was shown to be distinct from intelligence as measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children-Revised. An order effect in the response sequence such that popular responses occur early and original later, reported in an earlier study with young children, was also replicated.
Finite Element Mesh Generation

This book describes both structured and unstructured mesh generation techniques. It briefly covers the structured mesh generation and discusses in more detail the algebraic multi-block technique. The main part of this book covers unstructured mesh generation using the advancing front, paving and Delaunay techniques. The Delaunay method is described in two and three dimensions. Both theoretical and implementation issues are discussed in detail in this book. An integrated framework that is used for the two dimensional unstructured methods is also described in it. The common features of the framework include: accurate control over mesh size; boundary refinement procedures; and post-processing tasks such as smoothing. It also presents Methods to convert triangular meshes to quadrilateral meshes. The Mesh quality of the different mesh generation procedures is also addressed with some examples. It will be of interest to engineers, computer scientists and mathematicians working on mesh generation and finite element methods. The C source code for the procedures described in this book is available via the authors' website.
Adaptive blind equalisation using second and higher-order statistics

Although research into blind equalisation algorithms has been an on-going activity for more than a decade, the existing algorithms are often inefficient in combating the impairments introduced by rapidly changing communication channels. New and efficient algorithms are thus needed. In this paper, an efficient blind equalisation algorithm is proposed by modifying the existing super exponential algorithm. This method, based on fast Kalman filtering theory, is recursive in order and in time, and leads to a significant reduction in the number of arithmetic operations. Using the order update by partitioning the covariance matrix of the first hundred data in a specific form, fast initialisation is also implemented. The proposed algorithm requires computational complexity proportional to N but acquires the fast convergence characteristics of the super exponential algorithm. Simulation results indicate that this equaliser performs better with a soft decision device applied at the output of the equaliser for various modulation schemes and channel conditions.
Applying Use Cases: A Practical Guide

Foreword. Preface to Second Edition. Preface. 1. Getting Started. An Iterative Software Process. An Example Project. The Project Description. Starting Risk Analysis. Chapter Review. 2. Identifying System Boundaries. Identifying Actors. Identifying Use Cases. Describing Actors and Use Cases. Handling Time. Potential Boundary Problems. Scoping the Project. Chapter Review. 3. Documenting Use Cases. The Basic Use Case. Pre- and Postconditions. Flow of Events. Guidelines for Correctness and Completeness. Presentation Styles. Other Requirements. Handling Complex Use Cases. The Basic Path. Alternative Paths. Detailing Significant Behavior. Documenting Alternatives. Scenarios. Adding Direction to the Communicates Association. Chapter Review. 4. Advanced Use Case Documentation Techniques. Include. Extend. Inheritance. Interfaces. Chapter Review. 5. Diagramming Use Cases. Activity Diagrams. Simple Sequence Diagrams. Diagramming the User Interface. Chapter Review. 6. Level of Detail. Determining the Level of Detail. Traceability between Use Cases. Use Cases for Business Processes. Chapter Review. 7. Documenting Use Cases. Documentation Templates. Other Documents. Tool Support for Documents. Documenting Login. Documenting CRUD. Chapter Review. 8. Reviews. Review for Completeness. Review for Potential Problems. Review with End Users. Review with Customers. Review with Development. Reviewers. Adding Flexibility to Your System. Common Mistakes. Work Flow on a Use Case Diagram. Use Cases Too Small. Screens as Use Cases. Using Vague Terms. Business versus Technical Requirements. Chapter Review. 9. Dividing Large Systems. Architectural Patterns. Three-Tier Architectural Pattern. Pipe and Filter Architectural Pattern. Object-Oriented Architectural Pattern. Order-Processing Architecture Example. Testing the Architecture with Use Cases. Sequence Diagrams. Defining Interfaces between Subsystems. Subordinate Use Cases. Creating Subsystem Documentation. Subordinate versus Alternative versus Include. Chapter Review. 10. Use Cases and the Project Plan. Planning the Project. Build versus Buy Decisions. Prototyping. Estimating Work with Use Cases. Weighting Actors. Weighting Use Cases. Weighting Technical Factors. Use Case Points. Project Estimate. Chapter Review. 11. Constructing and Delivering a System. Key Abstractions of the Domain. Identifying Key Abstractions in Use Cases. Diagramming Scenarios with Key Abstractions. Diagramming Key Abstractions. Use Case versus Subsystem View. The Iteration Schedule. Delivery and Beyond. User Guides and Training. Sales Kits and Marketing Literature. Use Cases After Delivery. Chapter Review. Final Wrap-Up. Appendix A: Resources. Appendix B: Documentation Templates. System or Subsystem Documents. Use Case Document. Appendix C: UML Notation. Appendix D: Sending Results of the Use Case Estimator. Appendix E: Order-Processing System. Order-Processing System. Risk Factors. System-Level Use Cases. Architecture. Index. 0201708531T04062001
Rancang Bangun Alat Pemilah Bawang Merah Berdasarkan Ukuran Diameter

Telah dilakukan perancangan dan pembuatan alat pemilah bawang merah berdasarkan ukuran diameternya. Alat ini memanfaatkan pengolahan citra digital dalam memproses data yang diambil. Data yang diambil dalam penelitian ini berupa data citra berformat bitmap yang diambil menggunakan webcam . Data citra yang diperoleh kemudian diolah dengan menggunakan software yang dibuat di Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 . Dari hasil pengolahan citra data yang diperoleh maka akan diperoleh nilai ukuran bawang merah yang kemudian akan dikelompokkan kualitasnya berdasarkan ukuran hasil pengolahan data dari alat. Pengujian alat dilakukan terhadap 51 siung bawang merah dengan kualitas yang berbeda-beda. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa telah berhasil difabrikasi sebuah alat untuk memilah bawang merah berdasarkan ukurannya dengan kecepatan 6 siung per menit. Sistem yang dibuat memiliki kemampuan untuk mengenali tiga perbedaan ukuran. Alat yang telah dibuat dalam Tugas Akhir ini telah berhasil memilah 52 bawang merah dalam tiga kategori ukuran yaitu kelas I (20 siung) dengan error 1.14%, kelas II (11 siung) dengan kesalahan 3.06% dan kelas III (20 siung) dengan kesalahan 3.04%. Perbandingan antara hasil pengukuran alat dengan ukuran sebenarnya adalah sebanding dengan persamaan y = 0,9977x + 4,2791.
Speaker dependent and independent speech recognition experiments with an auditory model

The performance of an auditory model has been compared with that of a conventional filterbank mel-cepstrum representation in speaker-dependent and speaker-independent spoken digit recognition tests. The model produces two outputs: one sensitive to voicing and onsets, and the other sensitive to formant structure and showing two-tone suppression. Linear discriminant analysis has been used to combine the outputs into eight coefficients. Undegraded, noisy and spectrally tilted male speech was tested with a quasi-isolated-word system. A subset of the tests were repeated with a connected-word system, and with undegraded female speech. In all cases the model performed better than the conventional representation. With degraded speech the differences were large. <<ETX>>
Measuring Web Searching Task Efficiency: An Imprecise Data Envelopment Analysis Approach

In this paper we propose an application of Imprecise Data Envelopment Analysis model (IDEA) in the setting of measuring web searching task efficiency. The presented approach had been applied to a sample of 337 students within two years, conducting a web-searching experiment consisting of domain-specific and domain-neutral search tasks in both single and multiple correct answer scenarios. We discuss the benefits of using DEA as a performance measure in experiments involving the respondent in performing multiple tasks, as well as the extension to imprecise DEA to account for the ordinal nature of some of the results. Finally, we present some preliminary results on efficiency of web searching.
Protocols stack & connection establishment in Bluetooth radio

Some of the issues to be considered in the design of the higher layers of its protocol stack are those that allow the Bluetooth module to be easily integrated into any existing device that may benefit from being connected. Further, for rapid acceptance into the market, it should be possible for existing applications developed over conventional protocols to be easily portable to the Bluetooth platform. In addition, other wireless initiatives, such as IrDa, 2WAP and HomeRF, should also be able to interoperate with this standard. With this in view, interface points where existing protocols may be used over the Bluetooth platform are provided. A Bluetooth device has some peculiar needs not covered by existing protocols, like the need to discover all the services that are available on devices in its proximity. An attempt has been made to provide for interoperability and universal acceptance. Existing protocols can be supported over Bluetooth for rapid development of applications. We provide a protocol stack that takes into account all these problems.
NetPro: methodologies and tools for Project Based Learning in Internet

The mission of the NetPro European project is to develop project-based learning through the Internet. The NetPro project is creating tools and services to facilitate communication and collaboration between distant students, and to manage access and control of project deliverables. NetPro project teams form cross-institutional learning communities. This new learning environment is a distributed system that facilitates sharing and peer reviewing of project deliverables and interaction in special interest group discussions, regardless of how students are organized locally. The outcome of the project also includes practical handbooks for students, tutors, and trainers to support them in making full and effective use of the learning environment. NetPro methodologies and tools are being developed by running pilot projects: the four streams of pilots are briefly described in the paper. A formal evaluation process is an integral part of the project and its preliminary outcomes are discussed. (Author/AEF) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
Wire Robots Part I Kinematics, Analysis & Design

One drawback of classical parallel robots is their limited workspace, mainly due to the limitation of the stroke of linear actuators. Parallel wire robots (also known as Tendon-based Steward platforms or cable robots) face this problem through substitution of the actuators by wires (or tendons, cables, . . .). Tendon-based Steward platforms have been proposed in (Landsberger & Sheridan, 1985). Although these robots share the basic concepts of classical parallel robots, there are some major differences: