Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Muscle Forces During the Squat, Split Squat, and Step-Up Across a Range of External Loads in College-Aged Men

Abstract Kipp, K, Kim, H, and Wolf, WI. Muscle forces during the squat, split squat, and step-up across a range of external loads in college-aged men. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 314–323, 2022—Knowledge about the load-dependent demand placed on muscles during resistance training exercises is important for injury prevention and sports performance training programs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of external load on lower extremity muscle forces during 3 common resistance training exercises. Nine healthy subjects performed 4 sets of the squat (SQ), split squat (SS), and step-up (SU) exercises each with 0, 25, 50, and 75% of body mass as additional load. Motion capture and force plate data were used to estimate individual muscle forces of 11 lower extremity muscles through static optimization. The results suggest load-dependent increases in muscle forces for the m. gluteus maximus, m. gluteus medius, vastus lateralis, m. vastus medius, m. vastus intermedius, m. semitendinosus, m. semimembranosus, m. biceps femoris long head, m. soleus, m. gastrocnemius lateralis, and m. gastrocnemius medialis during the execution of all 3 exercises. In addition, load-dependent increases in m. gluteus maximus, vastus lateralis, m. vastus medius, m. vastus intermedius, and m. biceps femoris long head forces were often more pronounced during the SS and SU than the SQ across the range of loads used in this study. These results suggest that the mechanical demands imposed by resistance training exercises scale with external load and that the extent of that scaling depends on the specific exercise.
Comparison between Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Index DXA Defined by EWGSOP1 and 2 versus BIA Tengvall Criteria among Older People Admitted to the Post-Acute Geriatric Care Unit in Italy

This study aims to assess the agreement between the appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) using a single frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to assess criteria. Moreover, we used the European working group on sarcopenia in older people 1 (EWGSOP1), EWGSOP2, and the Tengvall equation to estimate a low prevalence in ASMI (under the cutoff criteria). We examined a sample of 765 elderly individuals (27.8% male and 72.2% female, aged 82 ± 8.2 years). Based on the cutoff identified by Tengvall, EWGSOP1, and EWGSOP2, the results showed that the prevalence of low ASMI in females was 10.1%, 11.4%, and 9.2%, respectively, and 98.1%, 30.5%, and 23.5% in males, respectively. Moreover, low ASMI prevalence under each diagnostic criterion and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. For BMI < 25 kg/m2, the ASMI prevalence was 39.9%, 25.9%, and 20.6%, as determined using Tengvall, EWGSOP1, and EWGSOP2, respectively, and for BMI > 25 kg/m2, the ASMI prevalence was 29.0%, 6.6%, and 5.2%. The percentage of agreement and Cohen’s Kappa with the corresponding p-value between Tengvall and EWGSOP1 was 70.1% (p < 0.001). Between Tengvall and EWGSOP2, it was 69.4% (p < 0.001). Between EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2, it was 96.5% (p < 0.001). Regarding gender, low ASMI prevalence in males was higher than in females. Moreover, in females, the prevalence was comparable among the three diagnostic criteria, while in males, it was significantly higher under Tengvall than the other two criteria. The application of the Tengvall formula with a single frequency BIA should be revised in terms of application for assessing low ASMI in elderly patients.
Exosomes released by breast cancer cells under mild hyperthermic stress possess immunogenic potential and modulate polarization in vitro in macrophages

Abstract Macrophages play a dual role in tumor initiation and progression, with both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive effects; hence, it is essential to understand the distinct responses of macrophages to tumor progression and therapy. Mild hyperthermia has gained importance as a therapeutic regimen against cancer due to its immunogenic nature, efficacy, and potential synergy with other therapies, yet the response of macrophages to molecular signals from hyperthermic cancer cells has not yet been clearly defined. Due to limited response rate of breast cancer to conventional therapeutics the development, and understanding of alternative therapies like hyperthermia is pertinent. In order to determine conditions corresponding to mild thermal dose, cytotoxicity of different hyperthermic temperatures and treatment durations were tested in normal murine macrophages and breast cancer cell lines. Examination of exosome release in hyperthermia-treated cancer cells revealed enhanced efflux and a larger size of exosomes released under hyperthermic stress. Exposure of naïve murine macrophages to exosomes released from 4T1 and EMT-6 cells posthyperthermia treatment, led to an increased expression of specific macrophage activation markers. Further, exosomes released by hyperthermia-treated cancer cells had increased content of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). Together, these results suggest a potential immunogenic role for exosomes released from cancer cells treated with mild hyperthermia.
End-to-End Approach for Structuring Radiology Reports

Radiology reports include various types of clinical information that are used for patient care. Reports are also expected to have secondary uses (e.g., clinical research and the development of decision support systems). For secondary use, it is necessary to extract information from the report and organize it in a structured format. Our goal is to build an application to transform radiology reports written in a free-text form into a structured format. To this end, we propose an end-to-end method that consists of three elements. First, we built a neural network model to extract clinical information from the reports. We experimented on a dataset of chest X-ray reports. Second, we transformed the extracted information into a structured format. Finally, we built a tool that enabled the transformation of terms in reports to standard forms. Through our end-to-end method, we could obtain a structured radiology dataset that was easy to access for secondary use.
Post‐glacial establishment of locally adapted fish populations over a steep salinity gradient

Studies of colonization of new habitats that appear from rapidly changing environments are interesting and highly relevant to our understanding of divergence and speciation. Here, we analyse phenotypic and genetic variation involved in the successful establishment of a marine fish (sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus) over a steep salinity drop from 35 PSU in the North Sea (NE Atlantic) to two PSU in the inner parts of the post‐glacial Baltic Sea. We first show that populations are adapted to local salinity in a key reproductive trait, the proportion of motile sperm. Thereafter, we show that genome variation at 22,190 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) shows strong differentiation among populations along the gradient. Sequences containing outlier SNPs and transcriptome sequences, mapped to a draft genome, reveal associations with genes with relevant functions for adaptation in this environment but without overall evidence of functional enrichment. The many contigs involved suggest polygenic differentiation. We trace the origin of this differentiation using demographic modelling and find the most likely scenario is that at least part of the genetic differentiation is older than the Baltic Sea and is a result of isolation of two lineages prior to the current contact over the North Sea–Baltic Sea transition zone.
Proteomic Analysis of Anthers from Honglian Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Line Rice and Its Corresponding Maintainer and Hybrid

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), which eliminates the possibility of self-pollination, is a commonly observed phenomenon in the plant kingdom and has been exploited for hybrid seed production. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops in which CMS has been used successfully for commercial hybrid seed production. To better understand the molecular mechanism of CMS at the protein level during the development of anthers and microspores, proteomic analysis was performed. This technique was use to investigate the protein expression profile in tetrad-stage anthers of the rice CMS line, its fertile maintainer line, and the hybrid F1. Total anther proteins were extracted and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). About 1,500 protein spots, including 49 differentially accumulated spots, were detected reproducibly and characterised by mass spectrometric analysis and database searches, and were identified as 48 unique proteins. Functional classification of the 48 differentially-expressed proteins indicated their involvement in several processes essential to pollen-development. These included metabolism, protein biosynthesis, transcription, signal transduction, cell death and disease responses, energy production, and cellular transporters. The potential roles of several differentially expressed proteins in CMS and fertile lines are discussed.
A description of the anatomy of the monogenetic trematode Choricotyle chrysophryi van Beneden & Hesse

1. Choricotyle chrysophryi van Beneden & Hesse has been recorded for the first time since its original discovery in 1863, and from a new host Pagellus centrodontus (De la Roche). 2. The history of C. chrysophryi and of allied species has been reviewed, resulting in the substitution of the generic name Choricotyle van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 for Diclidophora Goto, 1894 and the family name Choricotylidae nov. for Diclidophoridae Fuhrmann, 1928. 3. The anatomy of Choricotyle chrysophryi has been investigated by means of serial sections, revealing specialized features in the presence of a terminal languette and of a ‘ring-organ’.
P > .05: The incorrect interpretation of "not significant" results is a significant problem.

Statistically nonsignificant (p > .05) results from a null hypothesis significance test (NHST) are often mistakenly interpreted as evidence that the null hypothesis is true-that there is "no effect" or "no difference. " However, many of these results occur because the study had low statistical power to detect an effect. Power below 50% is common, in which case a result of no statistical significance is more likely to be incorrect than correct. The inference of "no effect" is not valid even if power is high. NHST assumes that the null hypothesis is true; p is the probability of the data under the assumption that there is no effect. A statistical test cannot confirm what it assumes. These incorrect statistical inferences could be eliminated if decisions based on p values were replaced by a biological evaluation of effect sizes and their confidence intervals. For a single study, the observed effect size is the best estimate of the population effect size, regardless of the p value. Unlike p values, confidence intervals provide information about the precision of the observed effect. In the biomedical and pharmacology literature, methods have been developed to evaluate whether effects are "equivalent," rather than zero, as tested with NHST. These methods could be used by biological anthropologists to evaluate the presence or absence of meaningful biological effects. Most of what appears to be known about no difference or no effect between sexes, between populations, between treatments, and other circumstances in the biological anthropology literature is based on invalid statistical inference.
Tracking movement in small insect pests, with special reference to aphid populations

Insects are among the greatest pests of agriculture, horticulture and forestry world-wide, inflicting damage and economic costs both directly and by transmitting plant viruses. Many kinds of insects are now resistant or cross-resistant to pesticides. In order to combat these pests, including for purposes of immediate control or to follow movements in order to better understand pest biology, tracking studies are important. In turn, such studies become useful for modelling and forecasting outbreaks. This is especially so for flying insects, which constitute the greatest threat in terms of the dissemination of plant pathogenic viral diseases. Tracking the aerial displacement of small insects over large spatial scales is difficult mainly because of their size. Dilution effects upon take off, together with displacement by air currents, makes the recapture of individuals tagged e.g. by fluorescent or radio-labelling, highly unlikely and hence estimates of flight direction, speed, duration and distance are hampered, more especially over larger distances. This is generally true also for larger insects. Consequently, molecular markers have been employed in attempts to resolve population structure and dynamics by inference from estimates of gene flow. In this article, we describe some of the methodologies devised that have provided invaluable information relating to the movement of small insect pests, particularly aphids, and explain how these techniques can be added to by detail gained from molecular marker studies. We outline a national survey-system that could be managed by specialist centres and involving members of the Public, that would enable invasive pest insect populations to be tracked efficiently. The logistics of such a survey are discussed along with the benefits. Overall, an insect tracking mandate is described that will promote the standardisation of population movement measurements. Adopting this approach should allow more accurate intra- as well as interspecies comparisons.
How does Reynoutria invasion fit the various theories of invasibility?

Abstract Questions: 1. How does species richness of recipient communities affect Reynoutria invasion? 2. How does Reynoutria invasion change host community structure? 3. Are there any differences in habitat preferences among three closely related Reynoutria taxa? 4. How does the genetic structure of Reynoutria populations change along the course of a river? Location: River Jizera basin, north Bohemia, Czech Republic. Methods: Nine 0.25 km2 plots were chosen along the river. Within each plot all main habitat types were determined and sampled using the Braun-Blanquet scale to determine the invasibility of various communities. The patches invaded by Reynoutria taxa and surrounding Reynoutria-free vegetation in the same habitat type were sampled as relevé pairs to compare the composition of invaded and non-invaded vegetation. In addition, to characterize the genetic structure of Reynoutria populations along the river, 30 samples from different clones were collected. Results and conclusions: 1. The species richness of communities has no influence on the success of Reynoutria invasion in the area studied. The combination of environmental conditions and propagule spread is more important to the invasion success than the number of species in the host community. 2. Reynoutria invasion greatly reduces species diversity. 3. R. japonica invaded more habitat types than R. sachalinensis and R. × bohemica. The hybrid R. × bohemica outcompetes the parental taxa at sites where both taxa co-occur. 4. Isozyme analysis revealed phenotype variability in the hybrid in contrast to the parental taxa. Different hybrid phenotypes are distributed randomly on the middle and lower reaches of the River Jizera; one of them dominates and the other three occur occasionally. This pattern supports the hypothesis that sexual reproduction occasionally occurs within Reynoutria taxa. Nomenclature: Ehrendorfer (1973).
Rooting of Rhododendron 'Anna Rose Whitney' Cuttings as Related to Stem Carbohydrate Concentration

Additional index words. stock plant irradiance, carbon dioxide Abstract. Rooting of Rhododendron 'Anna Rose Whitney' (R. griersonianum × 'Count- ess of Derby') was delayed in cuttings from stock plants grown in full sun, compared to cuttings from plants grown in 80% shade. In the outer stem (extracambium tissues), concentrations of glucose, sucrose, soluble carbohydrate, and total nonstructural car- bohydrates were higher in cuttings from shaded stock plants. In the inner stem (intra- cambium tissues), where rooting originates, fructose, starch, and nonstructural carbohydrates were lower in cuttings from the shaded stock plants. Rooting percentage was reduced by CO 2 mist during propagation. At 7 days, during rooting with a CO 2 enrichment to 1100 µl·liter -1 , fructose in the inner stem was 3-fold higher than in cuttings rooted under atmospheric CO2 (340 µ1·liter-1). Under CO2 mist, total non- structural carbohydrate concentration was higher in the inner stem throughout the rooting period. For both high stock plant irradiance and CO 2 enrichment during prop- agation, there was an inverse relationship between fructose concentration in the inner stem and rooting. A possible mechanism for inhibition by fructose is proposed.
Exploring the biosynthetic origin of fluoroacetate and 4-fluorothreonine in Streptomyces cattleya

The biosynthesis of the fluorometabolites, fluoroacetate and 4-fluorothreonine, has been investigated in cell suspensions of Streptomyces cattleya using both carbon-13 and deuterium labelled precursors. The extent of incorporation of label into each metabolite and the distribution of label within each metabolite has been determined by GC–MS and 19F{1H} NMR spectral analyses. Efficient metabolism of glycine, serine and pyruvate into the fluorometabolites is observed, the results being consistent with metabolism via oxaloacetate to an intermediate in the glycolytic pathway between phosphoenolpyruvate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate, from which the substrate for fluorination is derived. The striking similarity between the labelling patterns within the two fluorometabolites recorded in every experiment demonstrates that there is a single fluorination enzyme in S. cattleya.
Characterization of a eukaryotic picoplankton alga, strain DGN-Z1, isolated from a soda lake in inner Mongolia, China

Dagenoer Soda Lake is located on the Xilinhaote plateau in Inner Mongolia at an elevation of 1289 m. Blooms of one predominant kind of picoplankton algae were found in the lake throughout the year. A strain of this picoplankton alga, designated DGN-Z1, was isolated in axenic culture. Its cells are spherical or oval, 2-3 m in diameter; it grows optimally at 0.5-1 M NaCl, and tolerates pH values from 7 to 12. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequence similarity of the 18S rRNA gene suggested that it belongs to the green algal species Picocystis salinarum.
The Convergence of Disclosure Concerns and Poverty Contributes to Loss to HIV Care in India: A Qualitative Study

In India, there is little evidence on reasons for high rates of loss to HIV care. We conducted a clinic-based qualitative study at the YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education to explore factors that influence loss to care. In all, 17 men and 14 women were interviewed; median age was 42 (interquartile range [IQR], 36-48) and median CD4 count was 448 (IQR, 163-609). A majority reported avoiding treatment freely available at nearby government facilities because of disclosure concerns and perceptions of poor quality. As a result, participants sought care in the private sector where they were subjected to medication and transport costs. Life circumstances causing lost wages or unexpected expenditures therefore prevented participants from attending clinic, resulting in loss to care. Improving perceptions of quality of care in the public sector, addressing disclosure concerns, and reducing economic hardships among people living with HIV may be important in reducing loss to HIV care in India.
Development of an easily made artificial sediment that reduces experimental variability

Chironomus riparius toxicity tests are commonly performed on natural, thus variable, sediments. The introduction of transcriptomics in ecotoxicology increased the necessity for reduced experimental variability. To this purpose we developed an easily made artificial sediment and monitored larval development. We showed that larval development was synchronized and that the days when specific larval stages are reached can be identified. We conclude that the newly developed artificial sediment will facilitate the use of transcriptomics in ecotoxicology.
Description of the Immature Stages of Eurytoma sivinskii Gates and Grissell (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), an Ectoparasitoid of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) Pupae in Mexico

ABSTRACT We describe and illustrate for the first time the egg, larva, and pupa of Eurytoma sivinskii Gates and Grissell (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), a parasitoid that attacks Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) pupae in Veracruz, Mexico. We obtained the immature stages of E. sivinskii using lab-reared A. ludens (Loew) pupae as hosts.
Unexpected synthesis of novel 2-pyrone derivatives: crystal structures, Hirshfeld surface analysis and computational studies

Abstract Here we report synthesis of three new compounds namely, 1-acetyl-1H-benzimidazolo-2(3H)-one (I), N-(5-acetyl-6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-4-yl)-N-(2-acetamidophenyl)acetamide (II) and N-(2-acetamidophenyl)-N-2-oxo-2H-pyran-4-yl)acetamide (III) have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds I and II crystallize in the monoclinic space groups P21/n, and P21/c, respectively, while III crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1. The theoretical parameters of I–III have been calculated through density functional theory (DFT) by using the hybrid functional B3LYP and basis set 6-311++G**. These theoretical parameters have been compared with the experimental ones obtained by XRD. The significant intermolecular interactions arising in crystal packing are rationalized by means of the Hirshfeld surface analysis method. The major intermolecular contacts in the Hirshfeld surfaces of I–III are from H…H contacts. In addition, binding modes of I–III within Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 were investigated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Polymorphism and sequencing of DGAT1 gene in Iranian Holstein bulls.

Quantitative traits locus for milk production traits has been described on centromeric end of bovine chromosome 14. Reports name the acyl coA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) gene as a potential candidate gene with dinucleotide substitution (AA to GC) in exon VIII which causes the change of lysine to alanine in amino acid (K232A). The aim of the present study was to estimate the frequency of DGAT1 K232A polymorphism in Iranian Holstein bulls as a potential quantitative trait locus (QTL) for marker assisted selection. Sample of 103 Holstein bulls from the Animal Breeding Center of Iran were genotyped for DGAT1 polymorphism (A and K allele). The PCR-RFLP technique was used to study the DGAT1 gene polymorphism. Frequency of KK, KA and AA genotypes were 0.59, 0.41 and zero respectively. The allele frequencies of the DGAT1 gene were 0.7961 and 0.2039 for K and A allele, respectively. The K allele was sequenced and registered in NCBI gene bank with EU075528 accession number.