Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of lipid A palmitoylation in bacterial pathogenesis

The presence of palmitate in a minor fraction of lipid A has been known since the chemical structure of lipid A was first elucidated, but the functional importance in bacterial pathogenesis of regulated lipid A palmitoylation has become clear only recently. A palmitate chain from a phospholipid is incorporated into lipid A by an outer membrane enzyme PagP. The isolation of pagP mutants from pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria has revealed that palmitoylated lipid A can both protect the bacterium from certain host immune defenses and attenuate the ability of lipid A to activate those same defenses through the TLR4 signal transduction pathway. The mechanisms by which bacteria regulate the incorporation of palmitate into lipid A strikingly reflect the corresponding organism's pathogenic lifestyle. Variations on these themes can be illustrated with the known pagP homologs from Gram-negative bacteria, which include pathogens of humans and other mammals in addition to pathogens of insects and plants. The PagP enzyme is now lending itself both as a target for the development of anti-infective agents, and as a tool for the synthesis of lipid A-based vaccine adjuvants and endotoxin antagonists.
Correction of the Water Column Attenuation: Application to the Seabed Mapping of the Lagoon of New Caledonia Using MERIS Images

Features on the seabed can be mapped from remote sensing multi/hyperspectral imagery, provided that their effects on the measured reflectance spectrum can be made independent of those produced by the atmosphere and water column. The nonlinear effect of water column light attenuation can then be corrected to obtain the absolute reflectance of the seabed. Light attenuation by the water column and bathymetry are both determined from the satellite image. The water column attenuation is then removed in order to apply an automated supervised classification, whatever the depth is. We have compared the results obtained with and without the correction of water column attenuation, for two different statistical measures: Euclidean (ED) and spectral angle mapper (SAM) distances. We have applied this methodology to MERIS images acquired on the lagoon of New Caledonia. The best overall accuracy (79%), as compared to in situ data, is obtained with the corrected image and the SAM distance.
Where Is the Gender in Gendered Language?

The purpose of these studies was to examine how women and men react and accommodate to gender-preferential language in e-mail messages. In Experiment 1, participants wrote messages to two assigned “netpals. ” These netpals were actually one of the experimenters. For each participant, one netpal used female-preferential language and the other used male-preferential language. Analyses revealed that the netpals' language style, and not the participants' gender, predicted the language used by participants in their e-mail replies. Female and male participants used the gender-preferential language that matched the language used by their netpals. In Experiment 2, the gender labels and language styles of netpals were independently manipulated. As before, linguistic style had the greatest impact on participants' language use. These results have implications for how people think about gendered behavior, and highlight how gendered language is constructed in social interaction.
Distribution of pinning energies and the resistive transition in superconducting films.

Etude de l'effet de la distribution des energies d'ancrage sur les caracteristiques courant-tension, sur les lignes de flux magnetique, et sur des courants critiques des couches supraconducteurs en presence d'un champ magnetique transversal H. Dans le cas des inhomogeneites macroscopiques des forces d'ancrage, les lignes de flux magnetique sont formulees comme une transition de percolation dans le systeme tourbillons. Le modele propose donne la forte variation du courant critique avec H aux faibles valeurs de H en absence de liaisons faibles, l'augmentation de l'energie d'activation pour les lignes de flux magnetique avec la temperature T aux basses temperatures et aux faibles valeurs de H, et la decroissance temporelle non logarithmique de l'aimantation
Syntaxin 8 impairs trafficking of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and inhibits its channel activity

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cyclic AMP-dependent chloride channel that mediates electrolyte transport across the luminal surface of epithelial cells. In this paper, we describe the CFTR regulation by syntaxin 8, a t-SNARE protein (target soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) involved in the SNARE endosomal complex. Syntaxin family members are key molecules implicated in diverse vesicle docking and membrane fusion events. We found that syntaxin 8 physically interacts with CFTR: recombinant syntaxin 8 binds CFTR in vitro and both proteins co-immunoprecipitate in HT29 cells. Syntaxin 8 regulates CFTR-mediated currents in chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing CFTR and syntaxin 8. Iodide efflux and whole-cell patch-clamp experiments on these cells indicate a strong inhibition of CFTR chloride current by syntaxin 8 overexpression. At the cellular level, we observed that syntaxin 8 overexpression disturbs CFTR trafficking. Confocal microscopy shows a dramatic decrease in green fluorescent protein-tagged CFTR plasma membrane staining, when syntaxin 8 is coexpressed in COS-7 cells. Using antibodies against Lamp-1, TfR or Rab11 we determined by immunofluorescence assays that both proteins are mainly accumulated in recycling endosomes. Our results evidence that syntaxin 8 contributes to the regulation of CFTR trafficking and chloride channel activity by the SNARE machinery.
Exploring the heterogeneity of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell pool in cord blood: simultaneous staining for side population, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and CD34 expression

The stem cell content in cord blood (CB) units is routinely assessed regarding nucleated cells, CD34+ cell count, and number of colony‐forming units (CFUs). Efforts are made toward finding better ways of defining stemness of CB units. Side population (SP) phenotype and activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) are functional markers of stemness that can be assayed using flow cytometry.
对The Translator＇s Invisibility汉译本几处译文的商榷

汉译本《译者的隐形：翻译史论》（The translator＇s invisibility：A history of translation）对韦努蒂翻译思想和理念的引进和推广起到了很大的作用。 然而,其中部分译文存在着对原文词义、搭配、句法结构、跨文化知识背景的理解错误以及遣词造句等方面的问题,与原文的本义有较大出入,容易引起读者误解,值得商榷。 本文列出其中几例存疑译文,条分缕析,指出其失误所在,并提出参考译文,以供对比。
Nrf1 and Nrf2 Regulate Rat Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase Catalytic Subunit Transcription Indirectly via NF-κB and AP-1

ABSTRACT Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) is regulated transcriptionally by Nrf1 and Nrf2. tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBH) induces human GCLC via Nrf2-mediated trans activation of the antioxidant-responsive element (ARE). Interestingly, TBH also induces rat GCLC, but the rat GCLC promoter lacks ARE. This study examined the role of Nrf1 and Nrf2 in the transcriptional regulation of rat GCLC. The baseline and TBH-mediated increase in GCLC mRNA levels and rat GCLC promoter activity were lower in Nrf1 and Nrf2 null (F1 and F2) fibroblasts than in wild-type cells. The basal protein and mRNA levels and nuclear binding activities of c-Jun, c-Fos, p50, and p65 were lower in F1 and F2 cells and exhibited a blunted response to TBH. Lower c-Jun and p65 expression also occurs in Nrf2 null livers. Levels of other AP-1 and NF-κB family members were either unaffected (i.e., JunB) or increased (i.e., Fra-1). Overexpression of Nrf1 and Nrf2 in respective cells restored the rat GCLC promoter activity and response to TBH but not if the AP-1 and NF-κB binding sites were mutated. Fra-1 overexpression lowered endogenous GCLC expression and rat GCLC promoter activity, while Fra-1 antisense had the opposite effects. In conclusion, Nrf1 and Nrf2 regulate rat GCLC promoter by modulating the expression of key AP-1 and NF-κB family members.
Phylogenetic relationships among Porodaedalea pini from Poland and related Porodaedalea species

Porodaedalea pini has been found to be a pathogen of Pinus banksiana (1 specimen) and Pinus sylvestris (39 specimens) in north-western Poland. This fungus was initially identified by its host preferences and morphological characters of sporophores and basidiospores. The ITS 1/2 rDNA region was sequenced and analysed using the neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony methods. All P. pini from Poland, P. pini neotype and other P. pini isolates from Europe grouped together forming a moderately supported monophyletic clade. The clade included two groups which did not correlate with geographic ranges. Nucleotide polymorphism of the Polish isolates of P. pini was small. This study provides evidence for the taxonomy of some isolates of the Porodaedalea Holarctic Group in North America: grouping with P. laricis or with P. gilbertsonii suggests that the isolates belong to these species. The absence of P. pini (in a form recognized in Europe) in North America is suggested. Sequencing of the ITS 1/2 rDNA region with the basidiomycete-specific primers (ITS1-F and ITS4-B) proved to be a suitable and sufficient method for differentiation of species within the genus Porodaedalea.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: perfusion quantification with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.

OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to report our initial experience with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) for perfusion quantification of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and surrounding liver. SUBJECTS AND METHODS DCE-MRI of the liver was prospectively performed on 31 patients with HCC (male-female ratio, 26:5; mean age, 61 years; age range, 41-83 years). A dynamic coronal 3D FLASH sequence was performed at 1.5 T before and after injection of gadolinium-based contrast agent with an average temporal resolution of 3.8 seconds. Regions of interest were drawn on the abdominal aorta, portal vein, liver parenchyma, and HCC lesions by two observers in consensus. Time-activity curves were analyzed using a dual-input single-compartment model. The following perfusion parameters were obtained: arterial flow, portal venous flow, arterial fraction, distribution volume, and mean transit time (MTT). RESULTS Thirty-three HCCs (mean size, 3.9 cm; range, 1.1-12.6 cm) were evaluated in 26 patients. When compared with liver parenchyma, HCC showed significantly higher arterial hepatic blood flow and arterial fraction (p < 0.0001) and significantly lower distribution volume and portal venous hepatic blood flow (p < 0.0001-0.023), with no difference in MTT. Untreated HCCs (n = 16) had a higher arterial fraction and lower portal venous hepatic blood flow value than chemoembolized HCCs (n = 17, p < 0.04). CONCLUSION DCE-MRI can be used to quantify perfusion metrics of HCC and liver parenchyma and to assess perfusion changes after HCC chemoembolization.
Beziehungsmanagement - Theoretische Grundlagen und explorative Befunde

Unter dem Titel "Beziehungsmanagement" soll ein fur die Marketingforschung z.T. durchaus bekanntes, aber bisher theoretisch wie empirisch noch nicht durchdrungenes Themengebiet neu aufgearbeitet werden. Nach einer kurzen Charakterisierung des Beziehungsmanagement werden dessen strategische Bedeutung erortert und anschliesend zwei Beschreibungsmodelle fur die Analyse von Geschaftsbeziehungen vorgestellt. Erganzt werden die Darlegungen durch einige empirische Befunde zu den Geschaftsbeziehungen zwischen der Lebensmittelindustrie und den Grosbetrieben des Lebensmittelhandels.
Breast tumor cell lines from pleural effusions.

During 1973, 4 new epithelial tumor cell lines were isolated from pleural effusions from breast cancer patients. We describe 3 of these lines: MDA-MB-134, with a mean chromosome number of 43; MDA-MB-175, with a mean chromosome number of 49; and MDA-MB-231, with a mean chromosome number between 65 and 69. We isolated the same cell type from 4 of 10 effusions from MDA-MB-134 and from 6 of 8 effusions from MDA-MB-175. We found that pleural effusions as a source of breast tumor cells to be cultured and studied in vitro have the following advantages: 1) large amounts of material and the possibility of obtaining sequential samples from the same patient; 2) high viability of tumor cells; 3) scarcity or absence of fibroblasts; and 4) the possibility of separating the tumor cells from other “contaminating” cell types by differences in their speed or degree of attachment to the flask. All lines from different patients differed, as seen grossly and microscopically. All lines from sequential pleural effusions from the same patient were apparently alike. No viruses or mycoplasmas were detected in any line.
Cognitive green backhaul deployments for future 5G networks

This paper introduces a cognitive green topology management scheme for future 5Gnetworks, which can be used to reduce energy consumption in low traffic scenarios. The scheme is based on a backhaul link selection algorithm which aims to concentrate distributed traffic on fewer backhaul links by exploiting backhaul link diversity from other cells. A reinforcement learning based resource assignment algorithm has been introduced to work in conjunction with the topology management scheme. It is shown that total energy consumption can be reduced by up to 35% with marginal Quality of Service compromises. In addition, the tradeoff between energy saving and control overhead is also explored in this paper.
Polyelectrolytes in multivalent salt solutions

We study conformational and electrophoretic properties of polyelectrolytes (PEs) in tetravalent salt solutions under the action of electric fields by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Chain conformations are found to have a sensitive dependence on the salt concentration Cs. As Cs is increased, the chains first shrink to a globular structure and subsequently re‐expand above a critical concentration Cs*. An external electric field can further alter the chain conformation. If the field strength E is larger than a critical value E*, the chains are elongated. E* is shown to be a function of Cs by using two estimators EI* and EII* through the study of the polarization energy and the onset point of chain unfolding, respectively. The electrophoretic mobility of the chains depends strongly on Cs, and the magnitude increases significantly, accompanying the chain unfolding, when E>EII*. We study the condensed ion distributions modified by electric fields and discuss the connection of the modification with the change of chain morphology and mobility. Finally, E* is studied by varying the chain length N. The inflection point is used as a third estimator EIII*. EIII* scales as N−0.63(4) and N−0.76(2) at Cs=0.0 and Cs*, respectively. EII* follows a similar scaling law to EIII* but a crossover appears at Cs=Cs* when N is small. The EI* estimator fails to predict the critical field, which is due to oversimplifying the critical polarization energy to the thermal energy. Our results provide valuable information to understand the electrokinetics of PE solutions at the molecular level and could be helpful in micro/nanofluidic applications.
Verification of a Vertical Stabilization Converter for a Superconducting Coil by Using a Real-Time Simulator

In this paper, verification of operation and control of a vertical stabilization (VS) converter for a superconducting coil by using a real-time digital simulator (RTDS) is described. The VS converter supplies voltage (±1000 V) and current (±22.5 kA) to the superconducting coil for plasma current VS, and four-quadrant operation must be achieved without a zero-current discontinuous section. To remove any zero-current discontinuous sections, circulation current control is required, but it is hard to analyze and design it because of the characteristics of thyristor nonlinearity. In this paper, delay time of the thyristor and processor is implemented using a zero-order hold, and an equivalent model is designed and analyzed. Circulation current control and difference current control are similarly analyzed because both equivalent circuits are the same, and are satisfied with a 54° phase margin and a 11 ms step response. In addition, gamma control is designed to restrict the firing angle to prevent commutation failure and commutation failure is prevented by the proposed gamma control, even if a short circuit or sag occurs in the grid. To verify the feasibility of the VS converter, a real Zynq-based controller is assembled and a power system, including the VS converter, is implemented in an RTDS for the hardware-in-the-loop simulation. Moreover, the small-scaled VS converter is built and tested. Experimental results are well-matched to simulation results and analysis.
Bootstrapping Multiple-Choice Tests

It is very likely that, at least once in their lifetime, everyone has answered a multiplechoice test. Multiple-choice tests are considered an effective technique for knowledge assessment, requiring a short response time and with the possibility of covering a broad set of topics. Nevertheless, when it comes to their creation, it can be a time-consuming and labour-intensive task. Here, the generation of multiple-choice tests aided by computer can reduce these drawbacks: to the human assessor is attributed the final task of approving or rejecting the generated test items, depending on their quality. In this paper we present our approach to automatically generate multiple-choice tests. In a first offline step, we bootstrap a set of lexicosyntactic patterns by taking a set of question/answer seed pairs and leveraging the redundancy of the web. Afterwards, in an online step, the patterns are used to select sentences in a text document from which answers can be extracted and the respective questions built. In the end, several filters are applied to discard low quality items and distractors are named entities that comply with the question category, extracted from the same text.
HIV-1 Glycoprotein Immunogenicity

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a C-type enveloped retrovirus (classification based on morphology of retroviruses electron microscopy) of the Retroviridae family. It’s consisting in a genome of 2 positive stranded RNA molecules and a specific polymerase reverse transcriptase enzyme (RT). The viral RNA is reverse transcribed by RT into a double-stranded DNA molecule which is then integrated into the genome of infected cells (figure 1). The virus is wrapped by a bilayer membrane derived from the host cell. Homotrimers of the viral glycoprotein gp160 are inserted in the envelope (figure 1). Several cellular proteins are also incorporated into the viral membrane with relative abundance, including MHC class I and II molecules and intracellular adhesion molecule. Lentiviruses, to which HIV belongs, cause disease with a 'slow' evolution preceded by a period of clinical latency. Apart from humans, lentiviruses infect several other species of mammals such as
A Performance Comparison Of C # 2013 , Delphi Xe 6 , And Python 3 . 4 Languages

C# 2013, Delphi XE6, and Python 3.4 are the newest and most popular programming languages. These programming languages become more popular every passing day. In this study, the response times, memory usages, and code lengths of these languages were tested in various workloads. Whether or not there was any significant difference between the data obtained from workloads was tested via the Friedman test. The test indicated a significant difference. In addition, the Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for determining the effect size. This test showed that the level of the significant difference found in the Friedman test was high.
A texture synthesis approach to elastica inpainting

We present a new, fully automatic technique for wire and scratch removal (inpainting) that works well in both textured and non-textured areas of an image. [Chan et al. 2002] introduced a technique for inpainting using an Euler's elastica energy-based variational model that works well for repairing smooth areas of the image while maintaining edge detail. The technique is very slow (due to a stiff, 4th order PDE) and difficult to control. [Efros and Leung 1999] used texture synthesis techniques for inpainting and hole filling. This works well for areas of an image that contain repeating patterns.
The spa‐box for transcriptional activation of subtilin biosynthesis and immunity in Bacillus subtilis

The subtilin gene cluster (spa) of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 is organized in transcriptional units spaBTC, spaS, spaIFEG and spaRK. Specific binding of the response regulator protein SpaR to spaB, spaS and spaI DNA promoter fragments was shown by means of electromobility shift assays. A repeated pentanucleotide sequence spaced by six nucleotides was identified as SpaR binding motif (spa‐box). Saturating mutational analysis of the spa‐box by single‐ and multiple‐base‐pair substitutions revealed the consensus motif (A/T)TGAT for optimal SpaR binding with the second, third and fifth position being absolutely conservative. Variations in the spacer size between the two pentanucleotide repeats revealed a strong conservation of their relative location. Only DNA with a proximal arrangement of two pentanucleotide repeats showed affinity to SpaR. A 2:1 stoichiometry between SpaR and DNA was obtained by optical biosensor analyses, which corresponds to the binding of two SpaR proteins per spa‐box.
Automatic generation of communication and teamwork within multi-agent teams

Teamwork and communication are two important processes within multi-agent systems designed to act in a coherent and coordinated manner. Modeling teamwork involves interleaving steps within shared plans that will allow agents to work together towards common goals. These steps involve reasoning about roles, responsibilities, and joint-intentions in order to coordinate activity amongst individuals. Communication facilitates teamwork. There are various complex forms of communication such as synchronization, coordination, and cooperation that allow for members of teams to use teamwork to their advantage. Explicitly defining every possible communication point within a team plan is too cumbersome and inflexible. In this paper, we describe a method to automatically decompose a team plan into a collection of individual agent plans, inserting all of the necessary communication points needed to properly generate coordinated behavior. This approach could be used to more accurately and easily model teamwork in multi-agent systems.
Topology-adaptive multi-view photometric stereo

In this paper, we present a novel technique that enables capturing of detailed 3D models from flash photographs integrating shading and silhouette cues. Our main contribution is an optimization framework which not only captures subtle surface details but also handles changes in topology. To incorporate normals estimated from shading, we employ a mesh-based deformable model using deformation gradient. This method is capable of manipulating precise geometry and, in fact, it outperforms previous methods in terms of both accuracy and efficiency. To adapt the topology of the mesh, we convert the mesh into an implicit surface representation and then back to a mesh representation. This simple procedure removes self-intersecting regions of the mesh and solves the topology problem effectively. In addition to the algorithm, we introduce a hand-held setup to achieve multi-view photometric stereo. The key idea is to acquire flash photographs from a wide range of positions in order to obtain a sufficient lighting variation even with a standard flash unit attached to the camera. Experimental results showed that our method can capture detailed shapes of various objects and cope with topology changes well.