Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oral Inoculation of Specific-Pathogen-Free Chickens with Chicken Anemia Virus Induces Dose-Dependent Viremia and Transient Anemia

Chicken infectious anemia caused by chicken anemia virus (CAV) is a very important immunosuppressive disease in chickens. The horizontal spread of CAV in field chickens has been confirmed mainly through oral infection in our published article. Anemia is the main symptom of this disease. Studies by other scientists have shown that infection of CAV in 1-day-old chicks can cause anemia, and the degree of anemia is directly proportional to the dose of infectious virus. However, the pathogenesis of oral inoculation of CAV in older chickens is still not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine whether 3-weeks-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens infected with different viral doses in oral route would cause anemia, as well as other signs associated with age-resistance. The experimental design was divided into a high-dose inoculated group (106 1050), low-dose inoculated group (103 TCID50), and non-virus inoculated control group, and 12 birds in each group at the beginning of the trial. The packed cell volumes (PCVs), CAV genome copies in tissues, CAV titer in peripheral blood fractions, and serology were evaluated at 7, 14, and 21 days post-infection (dpi). Virus replication and spread were estimated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and viral titration in cell culture, respectively. The results showed that the average PCVs value of the high-dose inoculated group was significantly lower than that of the control group at 14 dpi (p < 0.05), and 44.4% (4/9) of the chickens reached the anemia level (PCVs < 27%). At 21 dpi, the average PCV value rebounded but remained lower than the control group without significant differences. In the low-dose inoculated group, all birds did not reach anemia during the entire trial period. Peripheral blood analysis showed that the virus titer in all erythrocyte, granulocyte and mononuclear cell reached the peak at 14 dpi regardless of the high-dose or low-dose inoculated group, and the highest virus titer appeared in the high-dose inoculated group of mononuclear cell. In the low-dose inoculated group, CAV was detected only at 14 dpi in erythrocyte. Taken together, our results indicate that the older birds require a higher dose of infectious CAV to cause anemia after about 14 days of infection, which is related to apoptosis caused by viral infection of erythrocytes. In both inoculated groups, the viral genome copies did not increase in the bone marrow, which indicated that minimal cell susceptibility to CAV was found in older chickens. In the low-dose inoculated group, only mononuclear cells can still be detected with CAV at 21 dpi in seropositive chickens, indicating that the mononuclear cell is the target cell for persistent infection. Therefore, complete elimination of the CAV may still require the aid of a cell-mediated immune response (CMI), although it has previously been reported to be inhibited by CAV infection. Prevention of early exposure to CAV could be possible by improved hygiene procedures.
Improving outcomes through patient empowerment at transition of care: A fall prevention program for stroke survivors

As members of the Practice Inquiry Committee, we certify that we have read the practice inquiry prepared by Tiffany M. Hoke, titled " Improving Outcomes Through Patient Empowerment At Transition Of Care: A Fall Prevention Program For Stroke Survivors " and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the practice inquiry requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Nursing Practice. Final approval and acceptance of this practice inquiry is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this practice inquiry prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the practice inquiry requirement. This PRACTICE INQUIRY has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from PRACTICE INQUIRY are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Without question, credit for my doctoral success does not belong to me alone. I am indebted to countless loved ones, friends, colleagues, and teachers who empowered me beyond measure. Foremost, I wish to thank my wife, Casie L. Kerton, for her love, laughter, encouragement, support, and sacrifice throughout the past five years. Thank you for always inspiring me to live what I dream. You are, indeed, my greatest blessing. Additionally, I wish to honor my late mother, Melanie L. Rogers, who is the reason I do what I do. Challenges we overcame nourished my dreams, nurtured my soul, and made me the person I am today. I am so grateful. I thank my father, David A. Hoke, for his steady heart, wise advice, and impeccable work ethic. You have taught me more than you will ever know. Undoubtedly, I am indebted to my esteemed doctoral and practice inquiry committee members, Dr. Gallek. Your insight, encouragement, and contributions have immeasurably raised the caliber of my work. You gracefully provided me the freedom to create, yet illuminated my path. Most assuredly, I am infinitely grateful to my mentor Dr. Ruth Taylor-Piliae. Your belief in my abilities exceeded my own and revealed to me opportunities I had dared yet to …
Systematic relationships of Chinese freshwater semisulcospirids (Gastropoda, Cerithioidea) revealed by mitochondrial sequences

The systematics of Semisulcospiridae in China is revised here based on morphological characters and mitochondrial phylogenetics. Phylogenetic relationships within the Chinese semisulcospirids were assessed via DNA sequences from mitochondrial analysis (cytochrome c oxidase I and 16S rRNA). This research contains most morphospecies of semisulcospirids previously recorded in China. Based on these results, the family of Chinese Semisulcospiridae is represented by three genera: i.e., viviparousSemisulcospira Böttger, 1886, oviparous Hua Chen, 1943 and Koreoleptoxis Burch and Jung, 1988. These genera can be distinguished from each other by reproductive anatomy, reproductive mode, and radula features. Species ofHua are mainly distributed in southwest China and Guangxi, whereas Koreoleptoxis and Semisulcospira are mainly distributed in south and northeast China.
Comparison of general anaesthesia and regional anaesthesia in terms of mortality and complications in elderly patients with hip fracture: a nationwide population-based study

Objective To evaluate the effects of anaesthesia on postoperative outcome in elderly patients who underwent hip fracture surgery. Setting Nationwide National Health Insurance Sharing Service database of Korea. Participants All patients aged ≥65 years old who underwent hip fracture surgery, covered by the Korean National Health Insurance, between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2015. Interventions Hip fracture surgery under general anaesthesia (group GA) or regional anaesthesia (group RA), with a principal diagnosis of femoral fracture. Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome was the anaesthetic-type effect on 30-day mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative delirium requiring pharmacological intervention. Results Among the 96 289 patients who underwent hip fracture surgery, 25 593 and 70 696 patients received GA and RA, respectively. After propensity score matching, 25 593 remained in each group. Postmatching mortality was lower in the RA than in the GA group (574 (2.24%) vs 654 (2.55%), p=0·0047, 95% CI −0.0099 to 0.0159). Delirium incidence was lower in the RA than in the GA group (5187 (20.27%) vs 5828 (22.77%), p<0·0001, 95% CI 0.019 to 0.045). The incidence of intensive care unit stay and ventilator care was lower in the RA than in the GA group (5838 (22.1%) vs 8055 (31.47%), p<0·0001, 95% CI 0.046 to 0.070 and 459 (1.73%) vs 1207 (4.72%), p<0·0001, 95% CI −0.0024 to 0.023, respectively). Conclusion RA was associated with better outcomes than GA, in terms of mortality, delirium, intensive care unit admission and ventilator care, in elderly patients who underwent hip fracture surgery.
Clinical and Functional Characteristics of COPD Patients Across GOLD Classifications: Results of a Multicenter Observational Study

Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease. The severity grading systems proposed by the Global initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) have changed over time. The aim of the study was to evaluate if the different GOLD classifications can capture the complexity of the disease by investigating the distribution of lung function and clinical parameters across the GOLD classification systems. This was an observational, retrospective, multicentre study. COPD patients were stratified according to the GOLD severity grading proposed in the 2007, and to the ABCD assessment tool present in the 2011, and 2017 versions of the initiative. Data from body plethysmography, DLCO, comorbidities, exacerbation history, pharmacological therapy and eosinophil counts were collected. A total of 1360 patients (73.4% males) were included in the analysis. Overall, 37% of the patients were severe-very severe according to GOLD 2007. Compared with GOLD 2011, applying the GOLD 2017 criteria, the proportion of the at risk categories (C and D) was reduced by ∼23%. Impairment in inspiratory capacity, DLCO and the prevalence of emphysema paralleled the GOLD 2007 classification only. The proportion of patients with ≥ 200 eosinophils/µL was higher in GOLD 2007 stages 3–4 compared with stages 1–2 (P = 0.008). Eosinophil levels were similar across risk classes in GOLD 2011 and 2017. Overall, 41.8% and 52.4% of the patients in the low risk groups according to GOLD 2011 and 2017 were exposed to inhaled corticosteroids. The GOLD 2011 and 2017 classifications, despite exploring symptoms and exacerbations, might miss other relevant patients’ clinical characteristics such as lung function and phenotypes, which have a significant impact on outcomes and disease severity.
Serologic Profile of Antiparietal Cell Antibodies, Pepsinogens, and H. pylori and Risk of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Nested Case–Control Study in China

Background: Autoimmune gastritis is understudied and possibly associated with gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Western populations when it presents as pernicious anemia. Methods: A nested case–control study within a Chinese cohort included 100 ESCC, 200 gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA), and 200 GNCA cases diagnosed between 1986 and 2001 and 400 controls. Serostatus of antiparietal cell antibodies (APCA), Helicobacter pylori antibodies, and pepsinogens were measured using commercial kits and serum collected at baseline. We used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for associations between serologic biomarkers and cancer risk adjusted for numerous potential confounders. Results: There was an average interval of 8 years between baseline blood draw and cancer diagnosis. The baseline prevalence of APCA seropositivity was 10.0% and 14.5% in subjects who developed GCA and GNCA, respectively. APCA seropositivity was inversely associated with later development of GCA (OR = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.24–0.75), but not significantly associated with later development of GNCA (OR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.50–1.36) or ESCC (OR = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.58–1.88). APCA seropositivity was significantly associated with low pepsinogen I/II ratios (OR = 3.69; 95% CI, 1.66–8.21), and individuals with low pepsinogen I/II ratios who were seronegative for APCA had the highest risk of both GCA and GNCA. Conclusions: APCA seropositivity measured years prior to diagnosis was associated with prevalent atrophic gastritis but inversely associated with incident GCA in this Chinese population. Impact: APCA may contribute to a growing list of serologic markers that can improve risk stratification for gastric cancer.
Amine Responsive Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and Succinic Anhydride (SAh) Graft-Polymer: Synthesis and Characterization

Amines are known to react with succinic anhydride (SAh), which in reactions near room temperature, undergoes a ring opening amidation reaction to form succinamic acid (succinic acid-amine). In this work, we propose to form an amine-responsive polymer by grafting SAh to a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) backbone, such that the PLA can provide chemical and mechanical stability for the functional SAh during the amidation reaction. Grafting is performed in a toluene solution at mass content from 10 wt% to 75 wt% maleic anhydride (MAh) (with respect to PLA and initiator), and films are then cast. The molecular weight and thermal properties of the various grafted polymers are measured by gel permeation chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry, and the chemical modification of these materials is examined using infrared spectroscopy. The efficiency of the grafting reaction is estimated with thermogravimetric analysis. The degree of grafting is determined to range from 5% to 42%; this high degree of grafting is desirable to engineer an amine-responsive material. The response of the graft-polymers to amines is characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Changes in the chemical and thermal properties of the graft-polymers are observed after exposure to the vapors from a 400 ppm methylamine solution. In contrast to these changes, control samples of neat PLA do not undergo comparable changes in properties upon exposure to methylamine vapor. In addition, the PLA-g-SAh do not undergo changes in structure when exposed to vapors from deionized water without amines. This work presents potential opportunities for the development of real-time amine sensors.
Clinical correlates of mathematical modeling of cortical spreading depression: Single‐cases study

Considerable connections between migraine with aura and cortical spreading depression (CSD), a depolarization wave originating in the visual cortex and traveling toward the frontal lobe, lead to the hypothesis that CSD is underlying migraine aura. The highly individual and complex characteristics of the brain cortex suggest that the geometry might impact the propagation of cortical spreading depression.
The Development of a Field-Based Kicking Assessment to Evaluate Australian Football Kicking Proficiency

ABSTRACT Purpose: In Australian Football (AF), the ability to proficiently kick the ball is a critical skill and has been shown to be advantageous to a team’s successful performance; however, a valid and reliable match referenced kicking assessment remains absent. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable AF kicking proficiency assessment comparative to match play kicking performance. Method: Youth male Australian Football players (n = 251) from different stages within the AF talent pathway were recruited. The developed AFFB-DKA (Australian Football Field-Based—Dynamic Kicking Assessment) considered particular constraints of match play kicking demands such as kick type, distance, delivery, and locomotion of the player receiving the ball. In total, 14 kicks were completed during the test. Validity (i.e., content, logical and construct) and reliability (i.e., test re-test) were assessed. Results: Findings indicate the kicking test can distinguish across and between age (i.e., U14; U16; U18) and skill groups (i.e., club; sub-elite; elite). The timeframe between U14 and U16 was identified as a potential key period where kicking skill acquisition may be most impressionable; however, further research is recommended to support this. Conclusion: The developed AFFB-DKA is the first Australian Football specific kicking assessment to consider and apply match play kicking constraints to make a more representative, valid and reliable assessment.
Development and validation of a patient-reported outcome tool to assess cancer-related financial toxicity in Italy: a protocol

Introduction Financial toxicity (FT) is a well-recognised problem in oncology. US-based studies have shown that: (a) cancer patients have a 2.7 times risk of bankruptcy; (b) patients who declare bankruptcy have a 79% greater hazard of death; (c) financial burden significantly impairs quality of life (QoL) and (d) reduces compliance and adherence to treatment prescriptions. The aim of the project is to develop and validate a patient-reported-outcome (PRO) measure to assess FT of cancer patients in Italy, where, despite the universal health coverage provided by the National Health Service, FT is an emerging issue. Methods and analysis Our hypothesis is that a specific FT measure, which considers the relevant sociocultural context and healthcare system, would allow us to understand the main determinants of cancer-related FT in Italy, in order to address and reduce these factors. According to the International Society for Pharmaco-economics and Outcomes Research guidelines on PROs, the project will include the following steps: (1) concept elicitation (from focus groups with patients and caregivers; literature; oncologists; nurses) and analysis, creating a coding library; (2) item generation (using a format that includes a question and a response on a 4-point Likert scale) and analysis through patients’ cognitive interviews of item importance within different coding categories to produce the draft instrument; (3) factor analysis and internal validation (with Cronbach’s alpha and test–retest for reliability) to produce the final instrument; (4) external validation with QoL anchors and depression scales. The use of the FT measure in prospective trials is also planned. Ethics and dissemination The protocol is approved by the ethical committees of all the participating centres. The project will tentatively produce a validated tool by the spring 2021. The project might also represent a model and the basis for future cooperation with other European countries, with different healthcare systems and socioeconomic conditions. Trial registration number NCT03473379.
studentlife: Tidy Handling and Navigation of a Valuable Mobile-Health Dataset

Smartphones have become ubiquitous, and nearly constantly accompany their owners as they go about their daily lives. This sensor-rich and computationally-efficient technology allows quantifying continuous streams of human behaviors and activities unobtrusively and in situ, a process referred to as digital phenotyping (Onnela & Rauch, 2016). Two main types of data collected through this approach can be distinguished: on the one hand, active data that involve the voluntary participation of users, as required for surveys; and on the other hand, passive data that do not involve any dedicated action from users, as is the case for data generated by various sensors embedded in the smartphones.
Yazılım hata tahmininde kullanılan metriklerin karar ağaçlarındaki bilgi kazançlarının incelenmesi ve iyileştirilmesi

Yazılım kalitesinin somut bir şekilde ölçülebilmesi için kullanılan sayısal yazılım metrikleri içinde bilinen ve yaygın şekilde kullanılanlar arasında McCabe ve Halstead yöntem-seviye metrikleri bulunmaktadır. Yazılım hata tahmini, geliştirilecek olan yazılımda bulunan alt modüllerin hangisi veya hangilerinin daha çok hataya meyilli olabileceğini konusunda öngörüde bulunabilmektedir. Böylece işgücü ve zaman konusundaki kayıpların önüne geçilebilmektedir. Yazılım hata tahmini için kullanılan veri kümelerinde, hata var sınıflı kayıt sayısı, hata yok sınıflı kayıt sayısına göre daha az sayıda olabildiğinden bu veri kümeleri genellikle dengeli olmayan bir sınıf dağılımına sahip olmakta ve makine öğrenme yöntemlerinin sonuçlarını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bilgi kazancı, karar ağaçları ve karar ağacı temeline dayanan kural sınıflayıcı, nitelik seçimi gibi algoritma ve yöntemlerde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yazılım hata tahmini için önemli bilgiler sunan yazılım metrikleri incelenmiş, NASA’nın PROMISE yazılım veri deposundan CM1, JM1, KC1 ve PC1 veri kümeleri sentetik veri artırım Smote algoritması ile daha dengeli hale getirilerek bilgi kazancı yönünden iyileştirilmiştir. Sonuçta karar ağaçlarında sınıflama başarı performansı daha yüksek yazılım hata tahmini veri kümeleri ve bilgi kazanç oranı yükseltilmiş yazılım metrik değerleri elde edilmiştir. McCabe and Halstead method-level metrics are among the well-known and widely used quantitative software metrics are used to measure software quality in a concrete way. Software defect prediction can guess which or which of the sub-modules in the software to be developed may be more prone to defect. Thus, loss of labor and time can be avoided. The datasets which are used for software defect prediction, usually have an unbalanced class distribution, since the number of records with defective class can be fewer than the number of records with not defective class and this situation adversely affect the results of the machine learning methods. Information gain is employed in decision trees and decision tree based rule classifier and attribute selection methods. In this study, software metrics that provide important information for software defect prediction have been investigated and CM1, JM1, KC1 and PC1 datasets of NASA's PROMISE software repository have been balanced with the synthetic data over-sampling Smote algorithm and improved in terms of information gain. As a result, the software defect prediction datasets with higher classification success performance and the software metrics with increased information gain ratio are obtained in the decision trees.
An investigation of the relationship between stress and body image in Australian youth

x •••••. •••••. ••••••. •••••. •. •••••••. •••••. •. ••••. •. •. •. ••. •••. Chapter 1: Stress and Body Dissatisfaction in Adolescence . 1 An Introduction to Body Image and Stress . 3 Definition of Body Dissatisfaction and Stress . 3 Prevalence of Body Dissatisfaction and Stress, . 7 Morbidity Associated with Body Dissatisfaction and Stress . 13 Evidence For a Relationship Between Stress and Body Image Disturbance . 18 Research in Stress, Body Dissatisfaction and Eating Disorder Pathology 19 Prevention Research in Body lmage . 23 Structure of the Thesis . 27 Chapter 2: Conceptualising the relationship between stress and body dissatisfaction in adolescence 29 . •. ••. ••••. ••••. •••••. ••••. •••. •. ••. •. Theoretical Underpinnings of the Association Between Stress and Body Dissatisfaction 30 ······································~··································································· General Stressor-Psychopathology Model . ,30 Tripartite Influence Model . ,31 Transdiagnostic Model of Eating Disorders . ,,34 Implications for the Current Research Pro gram . 35 <;render and the Stress-Body Dissatisfaction Link . 36 Gender and Body Dissatisfaction . ,36 Gender and Stress · 40 . Interpersonal Relationships and the Stress-Body Dissatisfaction Link . 41 Interpersonal Influences and Body Dissatisfaction . 44 . Interpersonal Influences an_d Stress . ,,49 · Psychological Correlates and the Stress-Body Dissatisfaction Link . 52 Self-esteem, Body Dissatisfaction and Stress . ,,53 Depression, Body Dissatisfaction and Stress . : . ,55 Body Importance and Body Image . ,58 The Current Research Pro grain . 62 Structure of E1npirical Studies . ,63 v1 Stress and Body Image Chapter 3: Study la . 66 Introduction 66 ' . Method 71 . Results 77 . Discussion 83 . Chapter 4: Study lb . 9