Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Nonpharmacological Treatments on Comorbid Internalizing Symptoms of Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analytic Review

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly comorbid in adulthood. This meta-analysis was aimed at ascertaining the efficacy of different psychotherapies in improving comorbid internalizing symptoms in adults with ADHD. Method: Twenty randomized controlled trials and 12 uncontrolled pretest–posttest studies were included and combined using the inverse variance method. Risk of bias and heterogeneity assessment and moderator analyses were performed. Results: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) improved quality of life (QoL), emotional dysregulation (ED), depression, and anxiety symptoms, particularly at follow-up, which was predicted by core symptoms reduction. A significant between-group effect was obtained only on QoL, ED, and self-esteem for dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), mindfulness-based therapies (MBTs), and neurofeedback, respectively. Conclusion: Results support CBT efficacy for treating comorbid internalizing symptoms. More research is needed to determine the effectiveness of DBT, MBT, and neurofeedback. The small number of studies evaluating some therapies and the high risk of bias observed might limit these results.
Breast cancer subtypes among Eastern‐African–born black women and other black women in the United States

A previous study reported that Eastern‐African–born black women in the United States had lower prevalence of estrogen receptor‐negative breast cancer than those in US‐born and Western‐African–born black women, among whom the prevalence was similar. It is unknown whether the prevalence of triple‐negative breast cancer (negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor) among black women in the United States differs similarly by birthplace.
Integral MR-EPT With the Calculation of Coil Current Distributions

Many integral equation (IE)-based magnetic resonance electrical property tomography (MR-EPT) methods use unloaded incident radio-frequency (RF) fields from simulations that may not fully reflect the real situation and thus lead to reconstruction errors. To improve the accuracy of IE-based MR-EPT methods, a novel approach that enables the calculation of loaded coil current distributions and avoids the explicit use of incident RF fields is presented in this paper. In the proposed method, a hybrid source composed of the current source from the coil and the contrast source from the subject are introduced in the integral equations. Because the loaded coil current distributions can be extracted from the reconstructed hybrid source, the simulated incident RF fields are eliminated from the problem formulations. To improve the convergence performance, a modified conjugate gradient (CG) scheme was used where the gradients of the current source and contrast source were balanced through using different weighting parameters. The proposed method was verified through full-wave simulations at 9.4 and 7 T involving a heterogeneous ball and an anatomical head phantom. The numerical results indicated that by using the proposed method, an accurate coil current distributions and EPs profiles can be reconstructed and the desirable robustness against noise can also be achieved.
Pasteurizing Cold Smoked Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka): Thermal Inactivation Kinetics of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua

Listeria monocytogenes results in potential food safety concerns in ready-to-eat refrigerated products. Cold-smoked salmon is a food considered to be at high risk for Listeria spp. contamination for which a mild heat treatment or pasteurization step might be helpful to reduce microbial levels. Cold-smoked salmon was inoculated with a cocktail of four strains (L. monocytogenes: ATCC19114, 7644, and 19113, and L. innocua: ATCC51742) and inactivation curves obtained at 58, 60, 62, 64, and 66°C using capillary tube methods. Inactivation results showed typical log linear trends (R2 ≥ 0.97). D-values of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua were 0.3 to 14.1 min at 66 to 58°C, with a z-value of 5.2 to 6.5°C and activation energy of 332 to 414 kJ/mol. The nonpathogenic Listeria innocua ATCC51742 had comparable D- and z-values to the three strains of L. monocytogenes and thus can be used for validation of pasteurization processes to control L. monocytogenes in cold-smoked salmon and potentially other ready-to-eat thermolabile food products.
Marine‐based multiproxy reconstruction of Atlantic multidecadal variability

Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) is known to impact climate globally, and knowledge about the persistence of AMV is important for understanding past and future climate variability, as well as modeling and assessing climate impacts. The short observational data do not significantly resolve multidecadal variability, but recent paleoproxy reconstructions show multidecadal variability in North Atlantic temperature prior to the instrumental record. However, most of these reconstructions are land‐based, not necessarily representing sea surface temperature. Proxy records are also subject to dating errors and microenvironmental effects. We extend the record of AMV 90 years past the instrumental record using principle component analysis of five marine‐based proxy records to identify the leading mode of variability. The first principal component is consistent with the observed AMV, and multidecadal variability seems to persist prior to the instrumental record. Thus, we demonstrate that reconstructions of past Atlantic low‐frequency variability can be improved by combining marine‐based proxies.
Investigating the effects of muscle contraction and conditioning stimulus intensity on short‐interval intracortical inhibition

A reduction in short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) has been shown to accompany acute or chronic resistance exercise; however, little is known about how SICI is modulated under different contraction intensities. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of muscle contraction and conditioning stimulus intensity on the modulation of SICI. Single‐ and paired‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied to the primary motor cortex (M1), and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the biceps brachii in 16 adults (10M/6F). A conditioning‐test stimulus paradigm (3 ms inter‐stimulus intervals) was delivered during 10%, 20%, 40% and 75% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). At each force level, conditioning stimulus intensities of 60%, 70% and 80% of active motor threshold (AMT) were tested. Single‐pulse MEPs were expressed as a proportion of the maximal muscle compound action potential, while SICI was quantified as a ratio of the unconditioned MEP. MEP amplitude increased with force output, with the greatest increase at 75% of MVIC. A reduction in SICI was observed from 40% to 75% of MVIC, but not 10%–40% of MVIC. There was no significant interaction between conditioning stimulus intensity and force level. The conditioning stimulus intensity (60%, 70% or 80% of AMT) did not alter the modulation of SICI. SICI was reduced at 75% of MVIC compared with the lower force outputs, and the magnitude of SICI in individual participants at different force outputs was not related. The findings suggest that strong muscle contractions are accompanied by less inhibition, which may have implications for neuroplasticity in exercise interventions.
Australian biodiversity: threats for the present, opportunities for the future

Australia's insect fauna comprises a very large component of its biodiversity, and one that remains a largely unknown and untapped resource. Estimates of global and Australian insect species richness are reviewed, and Australia's insect biodiversity is placed in its biogeographical context of Mesozoic, Gondwanan connectivity and Tertiary isolation. Some unique, relict faunal elements derived from Australia's long periods of isolation are highlighted. Examples of the dramatic insect evolutionary radiations are profiled that are the consequence of successful adaptation to new biomes made available by the environmental transformations in Australia in the latter half of the Tertiary. Then conservation of Australian forests and the major processes threatening Australian biodiversity are discussed: invasive species, habitat conversion and climate change. The four components necessary to build sustainability in Australia or throughout the world are discussed: description and understanding, direct action for conservation, promoting sustainable use in balance with conservation, and providing edu- cation and information to maintain the overall effort.
Overexpression of LINC00261 inhibits non–small cell lung cancer cells progression by interacting with miR‐522‐3p and suppressing Wnt signaling

Long noncoding RNA LINC00261 has been experimentally validated to function as a tumor suppressor in several cancers, but its pathological role and functional mechanism in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are largely unclear. In this study, LINC00261 was delineated in NSCLC to be significantly downregulated in cancer tissues compared with corresponding adjacent normal tissues. Low expression of LINC00261 predicted worse survival for patients with NSCLC. Overexpression of LINC00261 in NSCLC cell lines inhibited cell proliferation and invasion, meanwhile promoted apoptosis. Subcellular fractionation assay showed that LINC00261 existed mainly in the cytoplasm of NSCLC A549 cells and luciferase assay validated its direct interaction with miR‐522‐3p. Overexpression of miR‐522‐3p significantly ameliorated suppressive effects of LINC00261 on proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cells. Besides, miR‐522‐3p was found to be able to directly combine with the 3′‐untranslated region of SFRP2, which was generally regarded as a suppressor of Wnt signaling. Further quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot experiments showed that LINC00261 upregulation potentiated the expression of SFRP2 and inhibited Wnt signaling pathway, which could both be reversely modulated by miR‐522‐3p. Taken together, our study demonstrated that LINC00261 suppressed NSCLC cells progression via sponging miR‐522‐3p and inhibiting Wnt signaling. These results supported us to better understand the pathogenic mechanism of NSCLC and revealed a potential molecular target for this fatal disease.
Knowledge Management Critical Success Factors and the Innovativeness of KIBS Companies

The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of two critical success factors for knowledge management (i.e. leadership and support by the management, motivational practices) on the innovativeness of knowledge-intensive business service (KIBS) companies in the SMEs sector. A sample of 400 companies (KIBS SMEs) located in the Pomeranian District in Poland was selected. The questionnaire was designed to measure knowledge creation and knowledge sharing, team working, professional development and innovation performance. The findings indicate that companies with stronger leadership and support by the management and which employ motivational practices are more innovative than their competitors. This paper provides evidence of the significance of the critical success factors selected for KM in innovation processes. The research opens up the discussion on the relationship between KM critical success factors and company innovativeness. On the basis of the findings, managers in KIBS companies would do well to pay attention to managerial practices which foster the knowledge and professional development of employees, as these practices influence a company’s innovativeness. For academics, this paper sketches out fields for further research in this area to be conducted in other countries and sectors. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.ee. 25.4. 6494
What Proportion of Time is a particular Market inefficient?...Analysing market efficiency when equity prices follow Threshold Autoregressions.

We assume that log equity prices follow multi-state threshold autoregressions and generalize existing results for threshold autoregressive models, presented in Knight and Satchell (2012) for the existence of a stationary process and the conditions necessary for the existence of a mean and a variance; we also present formulae for these moments. Using a simulation study we explore what these results entail with respect to the impact they can have on tests for detecting bubbles or market efficiency. We find that bubbles are easier to detect in processes where a stationary distribution does not exist. Furthermore, we explore how threshold autoregressive models with i.i. d trigger variables may enable us to identify how often asset markets are inefficient. We find, unsurprisingly, that the fraction of time spent in an efficient state depends upon the full specification of the model; the notion of how efficient a market is, in this context at least, a model-dependent concept. However, our methodology allows us to compare efficiency across different asset markets.
Ultrastructure of initial responses of susceptible and resistant soybean roots to infection by Heterodera glycines

Early responses of susceptible and resistant soybean cultivars to infection by the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines are the accumulation of smooth (ER) and rough (RER) endoplasmic reticulum within a thick-walled initial syncytial ce11 (ISC). Nematode secretions are surrounded by a narrow region of ER that integrates with the RER of the host cytoplasm. The ISC and adjacent cells forming the syncytium show slight enlargement at 18 h after inoculation but have definite disruptions in their connecting ce11 walls. Although the ER closest to the stylet and associated secretions were not associated with mitochondria, the surrounding cytoplasm had RER interspersed among numerous mitochondria, plastids and other organelles. In most resistant cultivars, the syncytial cytoplasm had extensively distributed wide cistemae extending throughout the RER. These cisternae were less prevalent in syncytia induced in susceptible cultivars. Secretions varying greatly in electron density were found in 18 h to 2 day infections. The secretions nearest the nematode stylet appeared uniform in distribution, whereas, others had darkened peripheral cylindrical boundaries with clear to partially occluded centers. Syncytia in susceptible and resistant cultivars 18 h to 4 days after inoculation were hypertrophied with hyperplasia, expanded regions of ce11 wall dissolutions, some with lysosome-like particles, and ce11 wall depositions of callose.
The concept of overgrazing and its role in management of large herbivores

Abstract Increasing populations of cervids in Europe and North America have made the issue of overgrazing relevant outside areas with domestic or semi-domestic herbivores. Over grazing is defined depending on management objectives. I focus on challenges related to implementing a ‘range ecologist’ baseline, defining overgrazing as situations when ‘forage species are not able to maintain themselves over time due to an excess of herbivory or related processes’. Herbivores may be naturally regulated at ecological carrying capacity (K) with no overgrazing, but overgrazing may occur below K. Rare, preferred plant species can decline in density due to a ‘herbivore pit’ created by generalist herbivores, without having much effect on K. The concept of overgrazing is almost meaningless unless the issue of spatial scale is considered, and the extent to which preferred plant species decline in coverage. Herbivore population instability increases with increased population growth rate, but overgrazing depends also on the tolerance to grazing of the forage used by a given herbivore, which is closely related to functional plant traits. Ecosystem factors such as soil quality and slope also affect the likelihood that overgrazing will occur. Currently we can only qualitatively identify some important factors to consider. A better understanding of the sequence of events happening to performance of both animals and plants over time when a herbivore population increases provides a very useful approach until tools are developed to measure overgrazing quantitatively. More detailed knowledge about grazing effects on biodiversity is necessary to implement a broader ecosystem perspective of overgrazing.
Gut microbiome analysis by post: Evaluation of the optimal method to collect stool samples from infants within a national cohort study

Background Understanding the role of the gut microbiome is pivotal for the future development of therapies for the prevention and management of autoimmune conditions such as type 1 diabetes when sampling during early life may be particularly important. The current standard methods for collecting gut microbiome samples for research is to extract fresh samples or freeze samples immediately after collection. This is often impractical however for population-based studies. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal method for the stabilization of stool bacterial DNA obtained from nappies and transported by post in ambient conditions to the research centre for a national birth cohort study. Methods Four methods to collect samples were compared to immediate freezing of samples: 1) collecting faeces onto a swab which was immediately frozen, 2) using a commercially available kit with stabilisation solution (OMNIgene•GUT kit) at ambient temperature, 3) collecting onto a swab and 4) collecting into a sterile plain tube. Samples 3) and 4) were returned to the laboratory by post at ambient temperatures. A Bland Altman analysis was used to assess the agreement between the different methods and the frozen standard. Results Stool samples were collected by parents. For samples transported in ambient conditions, the limits of agreement showed that the OMNIgene•GUT kit had the narrowest 95% limits of agreement with the frozen standard as measured by the number of operational taxonomic units and the Shannon diversity index. Conclusions All methods assessed for preserving samples collected from nappies at a distance and delivered by post for gut microbiome analysis showed variation / disagreement from the frozen standard. Overall, the OMNIgene•GUT kit preserved the samples with minimal changes compared to other methods and was practical for parents to use.
Effect of Neuroterus quercusbaccarum (L.) galls on physiological and biochemical response of Quercus robur leaves

Abstract Gall formation is associated with multiple changes in plant cells, which still requires a better understanding. In this study, galls caused by sexual generation (♀♂) of Neuroterus quercusbaccarum (L.) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on pedunculate oak trees (Quercus robur L.) were used as a model. Cytoplasmic membrane condition, concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the activity of antioxidant enzymes and amino acid decarboxylase as well as chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were determined. Changes in physiological and biochemical parameters were analyzed in foliar tissues with galls and gall tissues themselves and compared to control. The presence of galls on oak leaves caused an increase of lipid peroxidation level. A significant decline in H2O2 and TBARS content with the reduction of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity were observed in gall tissues. The activity amino acid decarboxylase, i.e., LDC, ODC and TyDC varied between samples, which may affect the content of amino acids. The presence of N. quercusbaccarum galls caused an insignificant increase of the chlorophylls, carotenoids and anthocyanin contents, while the content of pigments and their ratios in gall tissues was extremely low. Moreover, photosynthetic parameters (F0, Fm, Fv/Fm, Y, qP) were significantly decreased. Data generated in this study indicate that the development of N. quercusbaccarum galls on pedunculate oak leaves has a negative effect on host plant related to the disruption of cell membrane integrity, disturbance of photosynthesis and reduction of the antioxidant potential of the host plant.
Viral prevalence, clinical profiles and comparison of severity scores for predicting the mortality of adults with severe acute respiratory infections

Background/aim The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of severity scores for predicting the 28-day mortality among adults with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) admitted to the emergency department. Materials and methods This study included 159 consecutive adult patients with SARI admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary hospital. A standard form was filled out in order to record demographic information, clinical parameters, laboratory tests, and radiographic findings of the patients. CURB-65, PSI, SIRS, qSOFA, SOFA and APACHE II scores were compared between the survivor and nonsurvivor groups. Results Of 159 patients included in the study, 38.4% were positive for respiratory viruses and 28.3% were positive for influenza viruses. 35.8% of the patients were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) and the mortality rate was 36.5%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of CURB-65, PSI, SIRS criteria, qSOFA, SOFA and APACHE II scores were 0.717, 0.712, 0.607, 0.683, 0.755, and 0.748, respectively in predicting mortality and 0.759, 0.744, 0.583, 0.728, 0.741, and 0.731, respectively in predicting ICU admission. Conclusion SOFA and APACHE II were more accurate than SIRS in predicting the 28-day mortality among adults with SARI. There was no significant difference among these scores in terms of other multivariate comparisons.
DESIRED DIMENSIONS OF PLACE BRAND PERSONALITY, INCLUDED IN ADVERTISING SLOGANS OF POLISH TOWNS/CITIES

Cities compete to attract and retain residents, entrepreneurs and visitors. In order to achieve the competitive advantage local authorities use different concepts connecting with the process of branding in city management. One of them is brand personality which is treated as a very important component of the brand identity. The aim of this paper is to determine to what extent the content of an advertising slogan is linked to the town/city brand personality traits considered desirable by representatives of the local authorities of small and medium-sized cities in Poland. The study was based on a survey conducted on a sample of 220 cities and towns in Poland. The survey was made among managers dealing with promotion in the municipal offices in order to identify their desired brand personality traits of the city, in the design of which they were involved. It was proved that the association between the advertising slogan content and the set of declared personality traits describing a town/city exists regardless of the size of the town/city. In addition the degree of association between the slogan and the set of features describing desired town/city brand personality was estimated. It was indicated, that the attributes that were most commonly used in slogans usually belonged to the combination of the dimensions of excitement – competence – sincerity. Conclusions from the research might be useful in developing the strategy of promotion of the city, and – more narrowly – in the creation of a promotional slogan being the shortest expression of the city brand identity. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.em. 19.3. 8375