Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BAG-SVM-SGD FOR DEALING WITH LARGE-SCALE MULTI-CLASS DATASETS

: We propose the bagging support vector machines using stochastic gradient descent (Bag-SVM-SGD) for effectively classifying large-scale multi-class datasets. The Bag-SVM-SGD learns in the parallel way from under-sampling training dataset to create ensemble binary SVM-SGD classifiers used in the One-Versus-All (OVA) multi-class strategy for performing text classfication tasks with million of datapoints in thousands of classes. The numerical test results on two large scale multi-class datasets (LSHTC4, Book) show that our Bag-SVM-SGD algorithm is faster and more accurate than the state-of-the-art linear algorithm LIBLINEAR. An example of its effectiveness is given with an accuracy of 62.41% obtained in the classification of LSHTC4 dataset having 728,067 datapoints in 1,617,900 dimensions into 2,713 classes in 104.15 minutes using a PC Intel(R) Core i7-4790 CPU, 3.6 GHz, 4 cores.
The Food Storage Behaviour of the Northwestern Crow

The food storage behaviour of the Northwestern crow (Corvus caurinus) was investigated on Mitlenatch Island, British Columbia. The crows stored mostly intertidal food, especially clams, crabs, fish and worms, on the hillsides surrounding the intertidal beach. They also carried food to other parts of the island, presumably to be stored. Storage sites included, in decreasing order of importance, grass clumps, moss banks and the sides of rocks. The choice of substrate is discussed in relation to its camouflaging effect. Food items were most often carried and stored singly. Some individuals carried two items at a time. On average, it took a crow 24.9 sec to hide a food item. The crows stored food in exclusive and non-exclusive areas. Exclusive areas were defended and associated with a nesting territory, whereas non-exclusive areas were not, resulting in several birds using them. Food items were almost always covered and it was shown experimentally that this significantly reduced the chance that the cached item was stolen. The availability, abundance, profitability and preservation qualities of the stored food were discussed. Storage seems to result from a relative scarcity of non-intertidal food at high tide early in the breeding season. During this period too, females are forming and laying eggs, and may depend on the stored food at high tide. The success of 3-colour-ringed crows in relocating their food caches was 76%. The birds appeared to have memorized the location of their food stores. Olfaction appeared to be unimportant for the detection of experimentally-hidden clams. Experiments demonstrated that single stored clams were found more slowly than clumped ones. The problem of stored food decomposition was studied and discussed in relation to the short-term storage strategy.
Sikap dan Motivasi pada Mata Pelajaran Fisika

Sikap sangat penting pada pembelajaran abad 21 sekarang, oleh karena itu, penelitini memeiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubunga amotivasi dan sikap siswa pada pelajaran fisika di sekolah menengah atas. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan korelasional, sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berjumlah 97 siswa yang diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini adalah sikap yang dimiliki siswa sekolah menengah atas memiliki kategori baik, yang dapat kita lihat dari indikator adopsi dari sikap ilmiah, dimana, jika siswa memiliki sikap dalam ilmiah, maka dia kan menyenangi pembelajaran yang berkaitan dengan ilmiah, salah satu contohnya adalah fisika, dan motivasi yang dimiliki oleh siswa tersebut juga dikategori baik, hal ini diperkut dengan hasil korelasi yang telah didapatkan yaitu sebesar 0.624 dan memiliki hubungan yang positif. Maka dari itu penting bagi para guru dan sekolah untuk menanamkan pembelajaran sikap kepada siswanya.
Application of Structural Equation Models to Genome-wide Association Analysis

Genome-wise association studies (GWASs) have become popular approaches to identify genetic variants associated with human biological traits. In this study, we applied Structural Equation Models (SEMs) in order to model complex relationships between genetic networks and traits as risk factors. SEMs allow us to achieve a better understanding of biological mechanisms through identifying greater numbers of genes and pathways that are associated with a set of traits and the relationship among them. For efficient SEM analysis for GWASs, we developed a procedure, comprised of four stages. In the first stage, we conducted single-SNP analysis using regression models, where age, sex, and recruited area were included as adjusting covariates. In the second stage, Fisher’ s combination test was conducted for each gene to detect significant genes using p-values obtained from the single-SNP analysis. In the third stage, Fisher’s exact test was adopted to determine which biological pathways were enriched with significant SNPs. Finally, based on a pathway that was associated with the four traits in common, a SEM was fit to model a causal relationship among the genetic factors and traits. We applied our SEM model to GWAS data with four central obesity related traits: suprailiac and subscapular measures for upper body fat, BMI, and hypertension. Study subjects were collected from two Korean cohort regions. After quality control, 327,872 SNPs for 8842 individuals were included in the analysis. After comparing two SEMs, we concluded that suprailiac and subscapular measures may indirectly affect hypertension susceptibility by influencing BMI. In conclusion, our analysis demonstrates that SEMs provide a better understanding of biological mechanisms by identifying greater numbers of genes and pathways.
Opt-Out Forced Choice Effect in Combined Revealed and Stated Preference Discrete Choice Models: A Gender Perspective

In this study, we assess the convergent validity of preferences and willingness-to-pay (WTP) values for beach quality improvements from a gender perspective by isolating opt-out forced-choice effect from the SP1 DCE data (that is a forced-choice situation when a respondent was asked to select among the competing labelled alternatives if they chose an opt-out). Following this approach, we combine the RP discrete choice model and SP1 DCE datasets by splitting them into female and male sub-samples and then investigate whether estimated preferences and WTP values are susceptible to this effect from a gender perspective. Using the multinomial logit (MNL) models, we find that female visitors’ preferences are compatible across RP and SP1 data if the forced-choice effect is isolated from SP1 data, whereas this is not true for the male visitors. However, WTP values appear similar for both the female and male RP and SP1 sub-samples. Also, the sources of opt-out forced choices appear more promising for females than those of male counterparts in the estimated binary logit models. Our results, therefore, suggest that preferences’ similarity is a gender-specific if the opt-out forced-choice effect is isolated, but WTP similarity is not.
Neighboring Group Participation in Glycosylation Reactions by 2,6-Disubstituted 2-O-Benzoyl groups: A Mechanistic Investigation

Variable yields and glycosylation stereoselectivity were obtained for NIS/TfOH-medi- ated reaction of 4-methoxyphenyl 2,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranoside and thiogalactosides bearing acetyl, benzoyl, 2,6-dimethoxylbenzoyl, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl, or 2,6-dichlorobenzoyl groups at the 2-positions and acetyl at the remainder. X-ray structures of 4-methylphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyr anoside and 4-methylphenyl 3,4-O-isopropylidene-2,6-di-O-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside revealed slightly distorted 4 C 1 chair conformations. Variable temperature NMR revealed that activation of 4-methylphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside afforded only dioxolenium ion, whereas 4-methylphenyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-O-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside gave a 1:1 mixture of dioxolenium ion and glycosyl triflate. However, the reaction intermediates formed from these deactivated donors do not influence the glycosylation stereoselectivity; instead, it is influenced by steric and electronic interactions at the transition states.
Whose interests? : gaming, school type, social justice and pupils' post-16 access

Access to post-16 education has critical implications for young people's life chances. An important aspect of access to this provision is the qualification mix and attainment level that learners achieve at the end of compulsory schooling. In England, this mix usually consists of academic qualifications, GCSEs, and qualifications that are vocationally related. Previous research has shown that schools can implement strategies that seek to maximise pupil outcomes for accountability purposes rather than meeting learners' needs. This is defined in the literature as gaming. The focus of this study is to ascertain if gaming by certain school types and contexts is being used to meet accountability measures and if there is a relationship with post-16 access. After conducting a critical scoping exercise that considered the educational and political background and landscape, four research questions were devised that enabled the issue to be examined. Using a critical-realist approach, a mixed-methods study was designed to respond to the questions and address the key issue. The methods used included; a quantitative study to examine issues of qualification access and use and variable interactions, a qualitative study of nine school and college leaders across contexts, and a series of interviews with twenty-one learners undertaking post-16 programmes in a low-performing and disadvantaged location in a northern city. The findings from the data analysed in this study are that some school types are taking decisions to game accountability measures. Also, The socio-economic context of the school and pupil prior attainment seem to be influencing factors that are related to gaming decisions. If schools are gaming, then this might influence the range of post-16 progression opportunities that pupils can access. The conclusions from the data analysed in this study are that gaming, school-type and context are factors that might restrict access to post-16 opportunities for pupils.
Characterization of lipid producing fungi isolated from soils

Microbial lipids are in the form of triacylglycerols (TAGs). Glucose was used as carbon source for accumulation of triacylglycerols. In this study, isolated fungi were screened for their lipid producing capacities by Sudan Black B staining method. Biochemical and molecular characterizations were done for identifications of potential lipid producers. The fungus Epicaleosporium ramularioids and Podosphaera xanthii showed its lipid productivity 24.2736% and 45.67% respectively. The extracted lipids were analyzed by Gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy for fatty acid determination.
Decisions of investments in operating fixed assets using an indicator arising from financial analysis, engineering Economics and strategy of operations

The need for new investments in operating fixed assets is a present reality in the company environment. Therefore, this article has as its main purpose to demonstrate the application of an evaluating indicator of investments in operating fixed assets involving methods and techniques arising from investment analysis, from engineering economics and from the strategy of operations. Departing from the model developed by Slack and Lewis (2009) for measuring performance goals, a bibliographical review has been elaborated, where an indicator has been able to be created, here denominated as RLL. Simulations of a new investment have been done, in which the condition of mutually exclusive projects created some analyses where the conditions were either producing or alternatively outsourcing. The projects have been analyzed through the method return on investment (ROI) and net present value (NPV) and eventually through the RLL. The results have been tested and demonstrated statistical adherence. As a conclusion, the RLL can be used as a complementary indicator in the analyses of new investments in operating fixed assets, as well as the generation of sectorial benchmarking, once it uses information from financial demonstrations.
Questionnaire survey on the management of pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes

Objective The aim of this survey was to study the status of the actual practice in the management of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) between 34.0 and 36.6 weeks of gestation. Methods This survey was designed for obstetricians who work in secondary or tertiary medical institutions and attended the Korean Society of Maternal Fetal Medicine conference held on July 1, 2017, in Korea, using a structured questionnaire consisting of 5 questions. Results The most commonly used antibiotic was cephalosporin monotherapy (34.5%). Antenatal corticosteroids were applied up to 34.0 weeks of gestation in half of the respondents. The frequency of expectant management was higher than that of immediate delivery in women with PPROM between 34.0 and 36.6 weeks of gestation (57.4%). The most important factor in determining immediate delivery was the symptoms of chorioamnionitis. Conclusion The present survey showed a considerable variation in the actual management of PPROM in women, especially the optimal timing of delivery. More evidenced-based studies with statistical power are required to decrease the heterogeneity of clinical practice.
Effects of nonrandom parental selection on estimation of variance components

Summary Bayesian estimation via Gibbs sampling, REML, and Method R were compared for their empirical sampling properties in estimating genetic parameters from data subject to parental selection using an infinitesimal animal model. Models with and without contemporary groups, random or nonrandom parental selection, two levels of heritability, and none or 15% randomly missing pedigree information were considered. Nonrandom parental selection caused similar effects on estimates of variance components from all three methods. When pedigree information was complete, REML and Bayesian estimation were not biased by nonrandom parental selection for models with or without contemporary groups. Method R estimates, however, were strongly biased by nonrandom parental selection when contemporary groups were in the model. The bias was empirically shown to be a consequence of not fully accounting for gametic phase disequilibrium in the subsamples. The joint effects of nonrandom parental selection and missing pedigree information caused estimates from all methods to be highly biased. Missing pedigree information did not cause biased estimates in random mating populations. Method R estimates usually had greater mean square errors than did REML and Bayesian estimates. Zusammenfassung Bayes Schatzungen uber Gibbs Stichproben, REML und Methode R wurden hinsichtlich ihrer empirischen Stichprobeneigenschaften fur die Schatzung genetischer Parameter aus Daten unter Elternselektion bei Annahme eines unfinitesimalen Tiermodells verglichen. Es wurden Modelle mit und ohne Zeitgefahrtimen Gruppen, zwei Stufen von Heritabilitaten, zufalliger und Elternselektion und komplette oder 15 % fehlende Ahnen verglichen. Bei vollstandiger Ahneninformation waren Bayes und REML Schatzungen nicht verzerrt, Methode R aber bei Elternselektion und Zeitgefahrtinnenstruktur der Daten stark verzerrt. Dies konnte empirisch auf Nichtberucksichtigung des gametischen Phasen-Ungleichgewichtes zuruckgefuhrt werden. Die gemeinsame Wirkung fehlender Abstammungen und Elternselektion verursachte bei allen Methoden starke Verzerrungen auser bei niedrigen Heritabilitatswerten und einheitlicher Population (keine Zeitgefahrten Gruppen). Unvollstandige Abstammungen verursachten in zufallsgepaarten Populationen keine Verzerrung. Methode R fuhrte i.a. zu groseren mittleren Fehlerquadraten als REML oder Bayes Methoden.
The breeding biology of Hooded Plovers, Thinornis rubricollis, on Phillip Island, Victoria

Abstract The breeding biology of Hooded Plovers, Thinornis rubricollis, was examined between 1992 and 1996 on Phillip Island, Victoria, Australia. Particular attention was paid to their breeding success in relation to local population dynamics and the activities of humans and introduced predators. Three of twelve beaches used accounted for 52% of nesting attempts but only 10% of fledged young. The most common nest site was on flat beaches (52% of clutches); followed by nests on stony terraces (25%) or on the sides of primary dunes above flat beaches (23%). Clutches were laid from August to March with a peak of laying in January. The average clutch recorded was 2.4 ± 0.1 eggs (range 1–3, median 3, n = 60). Hatching success was 25 of 149 eggs (16.8%) and 13 of 60 clutches (22%). Of the 83% eggs (in 78% of clutches) that failed to hatch, 29% eggs (25% of clutches) were in nests that had been disturbed by dogs, foxes (9% of eggs or 10% of clutches), or had been trampled by sheep (3% of eggs and clutches). Annual breeding success was 0.0-11.1% of chicks fledged per egg laid, and, in the four years, only 6.7% of eggs resulted in fledged young. All 15 chicks that did not fledge were lost in the first three weeks after hatching. The number of plovers recorded in counts on Phillip Island declined significantly between 1982 and 1998 and it is proposed that breeding success was too low to sustain the local population. Anthropogenic causes of nest failure were high and some management solutions and further research are recommended.
Growth and Yielding of Onion Under Conservation Tillage

Growth and Yielding of Onion Under Conservation Tillage A field experiment with conservation tillage was set up to study the effect of using cover crops: spring rye (Secale cereale) and vetch (Vicia sativa), and various methods of soil preparation prior to sowing: no-tillage, rotary disk ploughing in the spring, and pre-winter disk ploughing, on the growth and yielding of onion cv. Wolska as compared with conventional cultivation methods. Sprouting of onion plants was best on those plots where spring rye mulch had been mixed with the soil during pre-winter disk ploughing. Mixing the soil with the biomass of vetch by disk ploughing in the spring reduced the extent of sprouting. Growth of onion plants was best following traditional soil cultivation. On those plots, onion plants were the tallest and produced the most leaves. The soil conservation factor employed by taking advantage of the mulching effect of intercrop plants of spring rye and vetch was found to reduce the total and marketable yields of onion in comparison with traditional cultivation. The most beneficial pre-sowing tillage method for onion was traditional tillage consisting in pre-winter ploughing and soil preparation treatments in the spring, without the presence of a mulching crop. Among the soil mulching plants under comparison, a more beneficial effect on onion yields was produced by the spring rye. As far as conservation tillage is concerned, the best effects were obtained following spring tillage in which rye mulch was mixed with the soil by disk ploughing. Wzrost i Plonowanie Cebuli w Warunkach Uprawy Konserwującej W doświadczeniu polowym z uprawą konserwującą badano wpływ zastosowania roślin okrywowych: żyta jarego (Secale cereale) i wyki siewnej (Vicia sativa) oraz zróżnicowanych sposobów uprawy przedsiewnej: uprawa zerowa (no-tillage), talerzowanie wiosną, talerzowanie przed zimą w porównaniu z uprawą konwencjonalną, na wzrost i plonowanie cebuli odm. Wolska. Cebula wschodziła najlepiej na obiektach, gdzie mulcz z żyta jarego wymieszano z glebą talerzowaniem przedzimowym. Wymieszanie z glebą biomasy wyki siewnej talerzowaniem wiosennym ograniczyło wschody cebuli. Wzrost cebuli był najlepszy po uprawie tradycyjnej. Na tych obiektach rośliny były najwyższe i wytworzyły najwięcej liści. Zastosowany w uprawie czynnik konserwujący glebę poprzez wykorzystanie mulczującego działania roślin międzyplonowych żyta jarego i wyki siewnej ograniczył wielkość plonu ogólnego i handlowego cebuli w porównaniu z uprawą tradycyjną. Najkorzystniejszą uprawą przedsiewną pod cebulę była uprawa tradycyjna z orką przedzimową i wiosennymi uprawkami doprawiającymi, bez rośliny mulczującej. Spośród porównywanych roślin mulczujących glebę korzystniejszym wpływem na plonowanie cebuli odznaczało się żyto jare. Biorąc pod uwagę uprawę konserwującą najlepsze efekty dała uprawa wiosenna polegająca na wymieszaniu z glebą mulczu żytniego poprzez talerzowanie.
In silico approaches towards understanding CALB using molecular dynamics simulation and docking

Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB), a serine protease, is involved in the hydrolysis of substrates at the aqueous lipid interface. There is a significant role played by the helices in serine proteases including acting as a flap covering the active site region. The α5 and α10 helices in the path to the active site of CALB appear to play an important role in the region. This study investigates these helices by mutational studies, docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The mutations were selected based on their proximity to the active site and their presence at the α10-helix in the path of the active site. Molecular dynamics studies reveal the flexibility, stability and hydrogen bonding ability of the α5 helix. The radius of gyration (R g) clearly showed the compactness of the structure. Docking studies show the changes occurring at the protein's binding site before and after 15 ns of simulation. Results from the study demonstrate the importance of the two helices α5 and α10 in the stability of CALB.
Chromosomal Variation in Populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura Which Inhabit Northern Mexico

FIFTEEN gene arrangements in the third chromosomes are known in natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura. Each arrangement is geographically limited to a part of the distribution area of the species. Some of the arrangements are narrowly endemic and others more or less widespread. The population of any one locality may be described in terms of the relative frequencies in it of various gene arrangements. By and large, the composition of populations which inhabit geographically close localities is more similar than that of populations which live far apart. Comparison of a series of populations usually reveals geographic gradients linese) in the frequencies of gene arrangements; some arrangements become more and others less frequent as one moves in a given direction through the distribution area of the species. An examination of the gradients discloses, however, a very significant fact, namely, that the slope of a gradient may be steeper in some regions than in others. For example, populations that live on the Pacific Coast of the United States, west of the Sierra Nevada-Cascades mountain chain, show high frequencies of the Standard gene arrangement, but this arrangement rapidly becomes infrequent as one moves eastward from these mountains into the Great Basin.