Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Food Frequency Questionnaires: The Contribution of Open-ended Questions and Questions on Ethnic Foods

Background: Epidemiologic studies of diet must balance the goal of comprehensiveness with that of minimizing subject and study burden. Information on the impact of certain additional questionnaire elements may aid in such decisions. Methods: We administered a food-frequency questionnaire in a large multiethnic cohort of women (Study of Women's Health Across the Nation) in 1996–1997. Ancillary questionnaires asked about “any other foods you eat at least once a week” and about consumption of 8–16 ethnic foods included for respondents of Hispanic, Chinese, or Japanese ethnicity. We assessed the impact of these 2 ancillary questionnaires by examining the mean nutrient amount they contributed and their effects on rank-order correlations and categorizations of nutritional estimates. We examined the impact of ethnic foods both within the relevant ethnic group and among non-Hispanic whites. Results: Rank-order correlations (rS) between nutrient estimates with and without the open-ended question were 0.99 for almost all nutrients and all ethnic groups. Nutrient amounts added by the open-ended question rarely exceeded 2% of the total. Weighted kappa statistics for quintile classifications were greater than 0.9. Similarly, asking white respondents about ethnic foods added little to nutrient estimates, and all correlations between estimates with and without the ethnic foods were at least 0.95. The effect of ethnic foods on nutrient means within the relevant ethnic group was more substantial, although most correlations between estimates with and without the added foods were still above 0.9. Conclusions: Open-ended food questions added little to nutrient estimates or rankings in any of the ethnic groups. Specific questions about ethnic foods were useful only within ethnic groups, for which they increased mean nutrient estimates and had modest impact on ranking.
Estimation Carrier Concentration of Light-Emitting Diode via Electrical–Thermal Characteristics

With the use of the capacitance, estimation techniques for the carrier concentration of the light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are introduced in this paper. The proposed model relates the carrier concentration to the forward current, the thermal resistance of the heatsink, the LED device, the device package, and the other physical parameters of the device (such as the bandgap energy, series resistance, and ideality factor), coefficients for the current, and temperature effect on the apparent capacitance altogether. It could provide a framework for analyzing LED devices. The estimation methods consist of simple procedures for electrical measurements, which are easy for LED device manufacturers and system designers to follow. The proposed model has been tested with LED devices, with reasonably good agreement between theoretical and practical results.
Prediction of protein tertiary structure to low resolution: performance for a large and structurally diverse test set.

We report the tertiary structure predictions for 95 proteins ranging in size from 17 to 160 residues starting from known secondary structure. Predictions are obtained from global minimization of an empirical potential function followed by the application of a refined atomic overlap potential. The minimization strategy employed represents a variant of the Monte Carlo plus minimization scheme of Li and Scheraga applied to a reduced model of the protein chain. For all of the cases except beta-proteins larger than 75 residues, a native-like structure, usually 4-6 A root-mean-square deviation from the native, is located. For beta-proteins larger than 75 residues, the energy gap between native-like structures and the lowest energy structures produced in the simulation is large, so that low RMSD structures are not generated starting from an unfolded state. This is attributed to the lack of an explicit hydrogen bond term in the potential function, which we hypothesize is necessary to stabilize large assemblies of beta-strands.
Accuracy of frozen section diagnosis in surgical pathology: review of a 1-year experience with 24,880 cases at Mayo Clinic Rochester.

OBJECTIVE To determine the accuracy of frozen section examination for routine diagnostic use in surgical pathology. DESIGN We retrospectively reviewed the experience with frozen sections at Mayo Clinic Rochester during calendar year 1993. MATERIAL AND METHODS The results in 24,880 cases (97,914 frozen section slides) processed during 1993 were compared with findings on permanent sections, and types of errors detected were classified into one of three quality assurance categories. RESULTS The overall rate of frozen section accuracy was 97.8%. Of the 2.2% of surgical pathology reports that needed revision, 1.6% were unavoidable tissue sampling errors, 0.5% were errors that reflected change in degree of abnormality, and only 0.1% were clinically significant errors that may have affected patient management. CONCLUSION Frozen section diagnosis is accurate for processing a high volume of surgical pathology cases.
Charge pair interactions in a model transmembrane helix in the ER membrane.

We have examined the effects of Lys-Asp charge pair interactions on the position of a model poly-Leu transmembrane helix in the ER membrane using the so-called "glycosylation mapping" technique. Based on an analysis of a set of constructs containing pairs of positively charged Lys and negatively charged Asp residues in various positions in the model helix, we show that the helix is located deeper in the membrane when Lys and Asp are placed one helical turn apart than for other spacings of the two residues. These results suggest that salt-bridge formation between residues located on the same face of a transmembrane helix may reduce the free energy of membrane partitioning.
Differential Interactions of the CREB/ATF Family of Transcription Factors with p300 and Adenovirus E1A*

The adenovirus E1A-associated protein p300 is a transcriptional cofactor that interacts with YY1 and mediates the relief of YY1 transcriptional repression by E1A. These observations raise the possibility that p300 may function as a bridging factor between E1A and cellular transcription factors. Here we show that p300, but not a mutant defective for binding to E1A, activated cAMP-responsive element-binding protein/activating transcription factor (CREB/ATF) binding site-mediated transcription in the presence of E1A. Among proteins that can recognize the CREB/ATF site, CREB appeared to be modulated by E1A in a p300 binding-dependent manner. This effect of E1A was correlated with a specific physical interaction between CREB and p300. These results suggest that p300 plays a crucial role in mediating the functional interplay between E1A and certain members of the CREB/ATF family. Two separate domains within p300 were identified that are capable of activating transcription. One of the domains interacted with the basal factor TFIIB, suggesting that p300 may function as a coactivator by making contacts with both sequence-specific transcription factors and the basal transcriptional machinery. This pivotal role of p300 may make it a prime target for viral proteins such as E1A in programming the cellular transcription machinery.
A Test of Current Models for the Mechanism of Milk‐Lipid Droplet Secretion

Milk lipid is secreted by a unique process, during which triacylglycerol droplets bud from mammary cells coated with an outer bilayer of apical membrane. In all current schemes, the integral protein butyrophilin 1A1 (BTN) is postulated to serve as a transmembrane scaffold, which interacts either with itself or with the peripheral proteins, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and possibly perilipin‐2 (PLIN2), to form an immobile bridging complex between the droplet and apical surface. In one such scheme, BTN on the surface of cytoplasmic lipid droplets interacts directly with BTN in the apical membrane without binding to either XOR or PLIN2. We tested these models using both biochemical and morphological approaches. BTN was concentrated in the apical membrane in all species examined and contained mature N‐linked glycans. We found no evidence for the association of unprocessed BTN with intracellular lipid droplets. BTN‐enhanced green fluorescent protein was highly mobile in areas of mouse milk‐lipid droplets that had not undergone post‐secretion changes, and endogenous mouse BTN comprised only 0.5–0.7% (w/w) of the total protein, i.e. over 50‐fold less than in the milk‐lipid droplets of cow and other species. These data are incompatible with models of milk‐lipid secretion in which BTN is the major component of an immobile global adhesive complex and suggest that interactions between BTN and other proteins at the time of secretion are more transient than previously predicted. The high mobility of BTN in lipid droplets marks it as a potential mobile signaling molecule in milk.
Design and Considerations of a Searching Software

In order to help Financial analysts and investors to make sound decisions for their businesses and investments, large archives of news articles could be analyzed to develop a more comprehensive view of the economic consequences from information about what events happen and the economic effects from these events. We try to develop a systematic solution for finding the economic effects of temporal events.
Right atrial MR imaging studies of cadaveric atrial casts and comparison with right and left atrial volumes and function in healthy subjects.

PURPOSE To assess magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the right atrium by measuring volumes of right atrial casts and determining right atrial volume cycles in healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen human cadaveric atrial casts were imaged and right atrial volumes of eight subjects were measured with cardiac-gated cine MR. Volumes were calculated and right and left atrial volumes were compared. RESULTS Measured volumes of right atrial casts correlated well (r = .99, P < .001) with true volumes with a small underestimation noted (-7.2 mL +/- 2.3 [standard deviation], P < .001). The maximum in vivo right atrial volume averaged 77 mL/m2 +/- 11 of body area. The right atrial reservoir and conduit functions accounted for, on average, 58% and 19%, respectively, of the ventricular stroke volume; the remaining 23% came from atrial contraction. Right-to-left peak volume ratio averaged 1.41 +/- 0.15 (P < .001), and all volume measurements except conduit volumes were statistically significantly larger in the right atrium than the left. CONCLUSIONS MR imaging provides a reliable means to study right atrial volumes and phasic function.
Yeast sequencing reports. CAN1, a gene encoding a permease for basic amino acids in Candida albicans

The first gene coding for an amino‐acid permease of Candida albicans was sequenced. The DNA fragment complementing the lysine‐permease deficiency was 3385 bp long. An open reading frame of 1713 nucleotides was found encoding a protein of 571 amino acids, with a calculated molecular weight of 63 343. Analysis of the deduced primary structure revealed ten membrane spanning regions and three potential N‐glycosylation sites. The protein sequence is strongly homologous to both permeases for basic amino acids (Can1 and Lyp1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. C‐terminal part of another ORF (105 aa), highly homologous to the gene HAL2 of S. cerevisiae, was found 133 bp downstream, and in tail‐to‐tail orientation to the permease gene. The sequence data will appear in the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ Nucleotide Sequence Data Libraries under the accession number X76689.
Simulation and Analysis of Millimeter-Wave Propagation Characteristics in Complex Office Environment

The several gigabit rate and license-free spectrum resources of 7 GHz bandwidth can be provided by the 60 GHz short-range communication technology, therefore it becomes one of the most promising alternative technologies in the wireless communication. In this paper, the millimeter wave propagation characteristics in the complex office environment are studied by the SBR/Image method. Firstly, under the complex office environment, the propagation characteristics including received power, the arrival angle and the probability distribution of the arrival angle are studied without regard roughness and oxygen absorption loss. Then, the RMS delay spreads in 60 GHz, 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz wireless LAN signals are simulated and compared.
What is heartburn worth? A cost-utility analysis of management strategies.

OBJECTIVE To determine the best treatment strategy for the management of patients presenting with symptoms consistent with uncomplicated heartburn. METHODS We performed a cost-utility analysis of 4 alternatives: empirical proton pump inhibitor, empirical histamine2-receptor antagonist, and diagnostic strategies consisting of either esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or an upper gastrointestinal series before treatment. The time horizon of the model was 1 year. The base case analysis assumed a cohort of otherwise healthy 45-year-old individuals in a primary care practice. MAIN RESULTS Empirical treatment with a proton pump inhibitor was projected to provide the greatest quality-adjusted survival for the cohort. Empirical treatment with a histamine2 receptor antagonist was projected to be the least costly of the alternatives. The marginal cost-effectiveness of using a proton pump inhibitor over a histamine2-receptor antagonist was approximately $10,400 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained in the base case analysis and was less than $50,000 per QALY as long as the utility for heartburn was less than 0.95. Both diagnostic strategies were dominated by proton pump inhibitor alternative. CONCLUSIONS Empirical treatment seems to be the optimal initial management strategy for patients with heartburn, but the choice between a proton pump inhibitor or histamine2-receptor antagonist depends on the impact of heartburn on quality of life.
Evaluation of chondral repair using quantitative MRI

Various quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) biomarkers, including but not limited to parametric MRI mapping, semiquantitative evaluation, and morphological assessment, have been successfully applied to assess cartilage repair in both animal and human studies. Through the interaction between interstitial water and constituent macromolecules the compositional and structural properties of cartilage can be evaluated. In this review a comprehensive view of a variety of quantitative techniques, particularly those involving parametric mapping, and their relationship to the properties of cartilage repair is presented. Some techniques, such as T2 relaxation time mapping and delayed gadolinium‐enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC), are well established, while the full potential of more recently introduced techniques remain to be demonstrated. A combination of several MRI techniques is necessary for a comprehensive characterization of chondral repair. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012; 36:1287–1299. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Incidence of phlebitis in patients with peripheral intravenous catheters: The influence of some risk factors

Objective: To identify the incidence of phlebitis and the risk factors which contribute to its development in patients with peripheral intravenous catheters. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Medical ward of a central hospital in Portugal. Subjects: Patients with peripheral intravenous catheters hospitalised in the medical ward. Interventions: Nurses observed the peripheral intravenous (IV) catheterisation site daily. If there were complications, the catheter was replaced, and both the development of phlebitis and the procedure were recorded. Results: A total of 1,244 catheters were observed, and 317 were removed/inserted. Incidence of phlebitis was 11.09%. A multivariate analysis of risk factors for phlebitis showed patients with KCI (OR: 2.112; CI: 1.124‑3.969), who were on antibiotics (OR: 1.877; CI: 1.141‑3.088) and who had a catheter in an upper limb (OR: 0.31; CI: 0.111‑0.938) were at higher risk for phlebitis. Conclusion: Despite the patients' profile (high mean age and high level of dependency), the risk factors are related to the use of prescribed medication and the catheterised limb. Although these findings show the development of phlebitis is not solely related to nurses' practices, the authors believe these professionals can have an important impact on the prevention of phlebitis. The results show the accurate selection of the catheterisation site, which relies entirely on the nursing intervention, is an important factor for phlebitis.
Uncovering Latent Metadata in the FSA-OWI Photographic Archive

We present our use of the FSA-OWI Photographic Archive, a collection of over 170,000 photographs taken by the US Government between 1935 and 1945, within Photogrammar as a case study of how to integrate methodological research into a digital, public project. Our work on the collection uses computational methods to extract new metadata surrounding individual photographs from the perspective of both the photographers and the original government archivists. Techniques for accomplishing this include mapping over an historical atlas, recreating historic cataloging systems, and digitally stitching together rolls of film. While many digital projects have focused on analysis at scale, our work on extracting new metadata actively demonstrates the power of digital techniques to assist in the close reading of even small sets of archival records. We conclude the article by describing how these contributions are presented in the Photogrammar site and describing the forms of collaboration needed to produce the final project.
Cytohesin-1 Regulates the Arf6-Phospholipase D Signaling Axis in Human Neutrophils: Impact on Superoxide Anion Production and Secretion

Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) stimulation with fMLP stimulates small G proteins such as ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs) Arf1 and Arf6, leading to phospholipase D (PLD) activation and functions such as degranulation and the oxidative burst. However, the molecular links between fMLF receptors and PLD remain unclear. PMNs express cytohesin-1, an Arf-guanine exchange factor that activates Arfs, and its expression is strongly induced during the acquisition of the neutrophilic phenotype by neutrophil-like cells. The role of cytohesin-1 in the activation of the fMLF-Arf-PLD signaling axis, and the accomplishment of superoxide anion production, and degranulation was investigated in PMNs using the selective inhibitor of cytohesin, Sec 7 inhibitor H3 (secinH3). Cytohesin-1 inhibition with secinH3 leads to Arf6 but not Arf1 inhibition, demonstrating the specificity for Arf6, and fMLF-mediated activation of PLD and of the oxidative burst as well. We observed a decrease in fMLF-mediated protein secretion and expression of cell surface markers corresponding to primary (CD63/myeloperoxidase), secondary (CD66/lactoferrin), and tertiary (matrix metalloproteinase-9) granules in PMNs incubated with secinH3. Similarly, silencing cytohesin-1 or Arf6 in PLB-985 cells negatively affected fMLF-induced activation of PLD, superoxide production, and expression of granule markers on the cell surface. In contrast, stable overexpression of cytohesin-1 in PLB-985 cells enhanced fMLF-induced activation of Arf6, PLD, and NADPH oxidase. The results of this study provide evidence for an involvement of cytohesin-1 in the regulation of the functional responses of human PMNs and link these events, in part at least, to the activation of Arf6.
A PLP splicing abnormality is associated with an unusual presentation of PMD

We report that a deletion of 19 base pairs (bp) in intron 3 of the proteolipid protein (PLP/DM20) gene causes a neurological disease characterized by mild developmental delay, followed by progressive decline of acquired motor and cognitive milestones. The clinical features are associated with mild delay in myelination demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging studies and with ongoing demyelination and axonal loss demonstrated by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We demonstrate that the purine‐rich 19bp element regulates PLP‐specific splice site selection in transient transfections of chimeric constructs into cultured oligodendrocytes. Runs of 4 and 5 Gs centered in the 19bp element are critical for efficient PLP‐specific splicing. The intronic element is sequence specific in oligodendrocytes and is not a repressor of PLP‐specific splicing in nonglial cells. These data support the conclusion that deletion of the 19bp purine‐rich region in PLP intron 3 causes a reduction in PLP message and protein, which affects myelin stability and axonal integrity.
TAP 46 Plays a Positive Role in the ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 5-Regulated Gene Expression in Arabidopsis 1 [ W ] [ OPEN ]

TAP46 is a protein phosphatase2A (PP2A)-associated protein that regulates PP2A activity in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). To study how PP2A is involved in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in plants, we studied the function of TAP46 in ABA-regulated seed maturation and seedling development. Expression of TAP46 coincides with the action of ABA in developing seeds and during seed germination, and the TAP46 transcript reaches to the highest level in mature seeds. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis indicates that external ABA can increase TAP46 transcript level transiently during seed germination. Overexpression of TAP46 increases plant sensitivity to ABA, while tap46 knockdownmutants are less sensitive to ABA during seed germination, suggesting that TAP46 functions positively in ABA signaling. Overexpression of TAP46 also leads to lower PP2A activity, while tap46-1 knockdown mutant displays higher PP2A activity, suggesting that TAP46 negatively regulates PP2A activity in Arabidopsis. Both TAP46 and PP2A interact with the ABA-regulated transcription factor ABA INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5) in vivo, and TAP46’s binding to ABI5 can stabilize ABI5. Furthermore, TAP46’s binding to the phosphorylated ABI5 may prevent PP2A or PP2A-like protein phosphatases from removing the phosphate from ABI5, thereby maintaining ABI5 in its active form. Overexpression of TAP46 and inhibition of activities of PP2A or PP2A-like protein phosphatases can increase transcript levels of several ABI5-regulated genes, suggesting that TAP46 is a positive factor in the ABA-regulated gene expression in Arabidopsis.
An integrated low power CMOS baseband analog design for direct conversion receiver

A low power CMOS receiver baseband analog (BBA) circuit, based on alternating filter and gain stages, is reported. For the given specifications of the baseband analog block, optimum allocation of the gain, IIP3 and NF of each block was performed to minimize current consumption. The fully integrated receiver BBA strip is fabricated in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology and an IIP3 of 30 dBm with a gain of 55 dB and noise figure of 31 dB are obtained at 4.86 mW power consumption.