Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selecting Species for Passive and Active Riparian Restoration in Southern Mexico

In revegetation projects, distinguishing species that can be passively restored by natural regeneration from those requiring active restoration is not a trivial decision. We quantified tree species dominance (measured by an importance value index, IVIi) and used abundance–size correlations to select those species suitable for passive and/or active restoration of disturbed riparian vegetation in the Lacandonia region, Southern Mexico. We sampled riparian vegetation in a 50 × 10–m transect in each of six reference (RE) and five disturbed (DE) riparian ecosystems. Those species representing more than 50% of total IVI in each ecosystem were selected, and Spearman rank correlation between abundance and diameter classes was calculated. For eight species, it was determined that passive restoration could be sufficient for their establishment. Another eight species could be transplanted by means of active restoration. Five species regenerate well in only one ecosystem type, suggesting that both restoration strategies could be used depending on the degree of degradation. Finally, two species were determined to not be suitable for restoration in the RE (based on the above selection criteria) and were not selected during this initial stage of our restoration project. The high number of tree species found in the RE suggests that the species pool for ecological restoration is large. However, sampling in both ecosystem types helped us reduce the number of species that requires active restoration. Restoration objectives must guide the selection of which methods to implement; in different conditions, other criteria such as dispersal syndrome or social value could be considered in the species selection.
Growing black holes and galaxies: black hole accretion versus star formation rate

We present a new suite of hydrodynamical simulations and use it to study, in detail, black hole and galaxy properties. The high time, spatial and mass resolution, and realistic orbits and mass ratios, down to 1:6 and 1:10, enable us to meaningfully compare star formation rate (SFR) and BH accretion rate (BHAR) timescales, temporal behaviour and relative magnitude. We find that (i) BHAR and galaxy-wide SFR are typically temporally uncorrelated, and have different variability timescales, except during the merger proper, lasting ~0.2-0.3 Gyr. BHAR and nuclear (<100 pc) SFR are better correlated, and their variability are similar. Averaging over time, the merger phase leads typically to an increase by a factor of a few in the BHAR/SFR ratio. (ii) BHAR and nuclear SFR are intrinsically proportional, but the correlation lessens if the long-term SFR is measured. (iii) Galaxies in the remnant phase are the ones most likely to be selected as systems dominated by an active galactic nucleus (AGN), because of the long time spent in this phase. (iv) The timescale over which a given diagnostic probes the SFR has a profound impact on the recovered correlations with BHAR, and on the interpretation of observational data.
The Impact of Crude Oil Price on Islamic Stock Indices of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries: A Comparative Analysis

An understanding of how volatilities of and correlations between commodity returns and Islamic stock indices change over time including their directions (positive or negative) and size (stronger or weaker) is of crucial importance for both the domestic and international investors with a view to diversifying their portfolios for hedging against unforeseen risks. This paper is the first attempt to add value to the existing literature by empirically testing for the ‘time-varying’ and ‘scale dependent’ correlations between the selected Islamic stock indices of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and selected commodities. Particularly, by incorporating scale dependence, it is able to identify unique portfolio diversification opportunities for different set of investors bearing different investment horizons or holding periods. In order to address the research objectives, we have applied the vector error-correction model and several recently introduced appropriate wavelet decomposition techniques such as the Maximum Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform (MODWT) and Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT). The data used in this paper are the daily data of three commodities (crude oil, gold and corn) prices and Islamic stock indices from 1 June 2007 until 28 February 2014. Our findings tend to suggest that there is a theoretical relationship between the selected Islamic stock indices and selected commodities (as evidenced in the cointegration tests) and that the Islamic stock indices of Saudi Arabia, Oman and crude oil price are leading the other Islamic stock indices and the commodities (as evidenced in the Vector Error-Correction models). Our analysis based on the application of the recent wavelet technique MODWT indicates mixed results in that in the short run, the crude oil price is leading the other Islamic indices but in the long run, it is the other way around. From the point of view of portfolio diversification benefits, our results tend to suggest that an investor will obtain diversification benefit if his/her investment horizon is below 128 days (as evidenced in the continuous wavelet transform analysis). This result is consistent with the cointegration test that indicates that the diversification benefits for crude oil and the other Islamic indices is minimised in the long run because the variables under review tend to move together toward the same direction. Our analysis based on the recent applications of the wavelet decompositions helps us unveil the portfolio diversification opportunities for the investors with heterogeneous investment horizons or holding stocks over different periods.
Joint Power Control and Spreading Gain Optimisation for Minimising the Energy Consumption in CDMA based Ad hoc Networks

This paper addresses the impact of the spreading gain on the efficiency of mobile Ad Hoc networks using Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) as a mode of transmission. In particular, we concentrate on the trade off between the increase in transmission data rate, hence decrease of transmission time, and the necessary power needed to reach acceptable levels of interference in the system. We formulate this trade off as an optimisation problem with associated constraints, where the cost function is the overall energy consumed in the network and the constraints are the acceptable signal to interference ratio for each node. The solution to this optimisation problem provide optimal values for both the transmission spreading gains and powers that need to be allocated to each node in order to minimise the total energy consumption of the network.
A Study of Gait and Posture with the Use of Cyclograms

Present-day science makes extensive use of the simulation. Our work focuses on simulating human gait. Simulations of human gait can be used for prosthetics and therapy e.g. rehabilitation, optimizing the movements made by sportsmen, evaluating advances in rehabilitation, etc. Methods of AI can also be used for predicting gait movement and for identifying disorders.Our project is about measuring human gait, simulating the musculo-skeletal system in order to study study walking and predicting and quantifying gait with the use of neural networks. The research is being carried out in the biomechanics laboratory at FBE CTU, and is intended for use in clinical practice at the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University.
LIPSCHITZ CONTINUOUS INITIAL VALUE PROBLEM IS POLYNOMIAL-SPACE COMPLETE

In answer to K. Ko’s question raised in 1983, we show that an initial value problem given by a polynomial-time computable, Lipschitz continuous function can have a polynomial-space complete solution. Let g W Œ0; 1 R ! R be a continuous function and consider the initial value problem h.0/ D 0; h.t/ D g t; h.t/ ; t 2 Œ0; 1: (1) The Picard–Lindelof Theorem [16] states that this equation has a unique solution h W Œ0; 1! R if g is Lipschitz continuous (along its second argument), that is, (2) jg.t;y0/ g.t;y1/j L jy0 y1j; t 2 Œ0; 1; y0;y1 2 R for some constant L independent of y0, y1 and t . We are interested in the computational complexity of the solution h under this condition. 1. COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY OF REAL FUNCTIONS We discuss computation over the real numbers in the framework of computable analysis [8, 17], which will be reviewed briefly here. We assume that the reader is familiar with the basic concepts in complexity theory, including polynomial-time and polynomial-space machines, reductions, and completeness [13]. The computability notions of real numbers and of real functions discussed below date back at least to Turing [14] and Grzegorczyk [3], respectively. Study on polynomialtime computability seems to have been started by Ko and Friedman [6]. Computers can process only finitely many bits at a time. A real number cannot be stored in its entirety, but can only be approximated. We say that a real number t is represented by a function A from strings to strings if for any m 2 N, the string A.0/ is the binary notation (with a sign bit at the beginning) of either b2tc or d2te, where b c and d e mean rounding down and up to the nearest integer, respectively. Thus, A.0/ gives an approximation of t to precision 2 m using a dyadic rational. We also say that A is a name of t . A real number is said to be (polynomial-time) computable if it has some (polynomial-time) computable name. Computation of real functions is realized by oracle Turing machines (henceforth just machines) working on such representing functions A. In addition to the input, output and work tapes, the machine has a query tape and can consult an external oracle A by entering a distinguished query state with a string v written on the 1
Experimental Ritual: Humanizing Immigrants or Utilitarian Prejudice in Europe?

Immigrants and refugees are constantly depicted in dehumanizing ways or as a function of economic gains for the hosting nation. These descriptions, added to the current socio-political European situation, could be dangerous due to infrahumanization levels among minorities who are target of prejudice. In this study, we attempted to reduce infrahumanization levels towards Maghrebian people through a ritualistic collective activity manipulating the information participants had to use. Results indicate that participation was different among conditions and infrahumanization levels were reduced. Also, participants who used utilitarian information could humanize when an economic gain was perceived, while also increasing prejudice levels. The results are discussed in terms of collective rituals and the dualistic effect of utilitarian information.
Evaluation Snort-IDS Rules for Botnets Detection

Botnets has become a serious problem in network security. An organization should find the solutions to protect the data and network system to reduce the risk of the Botnets. The Snort-IDS (Intrusion Detection System) is the most usage software protection of the network security in the world. The Snort-IDS utilizes the rules to match the data packets traffic. There are some existing rules which can detect Botnets. This paper evaluates the Snort-IDS rules detection Botnets and analyzes the function of the Botnets in three rules packet such as botnet-cnc.rules, blacklist.rules, and spayware-put.rules. Moreover, this utilizes the MCFP dataset, which includes five packets with three rules Snort-IDS. The paper has particularly focused on three rules for evaluation making. The performance of each rule is evaluated by detecting each packet. The experimental results shown that, the case of botnet-cnc.rules can detect maximally the Botnets for 29,798 alerts. In addition, “BOTNET-CNC Possible host infection excessive DNS” mostly detected. In the case of blacklist.rules, it can detect Botnets up to 44 alerts. “BLACKLIST USER-AGENT known malicious useragent st” was mostly detected. However, in the case of spyware-put.rules cannot detect Botnets.
An Analysis of Fertility Differentials among Caste Groups in Andhra Pradesh

The fertility differentials among caste groups in Andhra Pradesh are examined in the context of characteristics and interaction hypotheses, using the second National Family Health Survey data. Multivariate analyses on cumulative fertility, birth intervals and contraceptive use show that differentials between the caste groups persist even after controlling for the other socioeconomic and demographic variables. [WP No. 12].
A Comparative Performance Evaluation of Some Novel "Green" and Traditional Antiscalants in Calcium Sulfate Scaling

A relative ability of industrial samples of four phosphorus-free polymers (polyaspartate (PASP); polyepoxysuccinate (PESA); polyacrylic acid sodium salt (PAAS); copolymer of maleic and acrylic acid (MA-AA)) and of three phosphonates (aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid), ATMP; 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-bis(phosphonic acid), HEDP; phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, PBTC) to inhibit calcium sulfate precipitation is studied following the NACE Standard along with dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. For the 0.5 mg·dm−3 dosage, the following efficiency ranking was found: ≫ . The isolated crystals are identified as gypsum. SEM images for PESA, PASP, PAAS, and HEDP and for a blank sample indicated the needle-like crystal morphology. Surprisingly, the least effective reagent PBTC revealed quite a different behavior, changing the morphology of gypsum crystals to an irregular shape. The DLS experiments exhibited a formation of 300 to 700 nm diameter particles with negative ζ-potential around −2 mV for all reagents. Although such ζ-potential values are not capable of providing colloidal stability, all three phosphonates demonstrate significant gypsum particles stabilization relative to a blank experiment.
A Multivariate Long-Run Money Neutrality Investigation: Empirical Evidence for CAMEU

We examine the long run neutrality of money, in Central Africa Monetary and Economic Union (CAMEU) economies applying the multivariate methodology of King and Watson, using M2 and real output during the period 1970-2008. Tests consistently reject the long run money neutrality hypothesis. It is found that M2 has significant and positive impacts on real output of all CAMEU countries except for Gabon. The results are robust under other monetary aggregate variables and various sub-periods. In addition, the estimated coefficients are stable under two breakpoints corresponding to the dates of central bank reforms and devaluation of the local currency.
Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Methods of Microeconomic Program and Policy Evaluation

In this paper we review new empirical methods for evaluating microeconomic policies. Experimental and quasi-experimental evaluation measure the causal impact of a policy by comparing outcomes in the presence of the policy 'treatment' with outcomes in the absence of this treatment. For example, evaluation of a government program involves comparing outcomes associated with participation and non-participation in the program. We describe the motivation for the use of experimental and quasi-experimental methods, the types of policy effects that they can identify, and how they are implemented. Application of experimental and quasi-experimental methods is illustrated through a brief review of a variety of recent Australian studies that have evaluated microeconomic policies such as labour market programs, welfare payments policies, education policies, health policies and minimum wage laws.
Entanglement entropy from a holographic viewpoint

The entanglement entropy has been historically studied by many authors in order to obtain quantum mechanical interpretations of the gravitational entropy. The discovery of anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence has led to the idea of holographic entanglement entropy, which is a clear solution to this important problem in gravity. In this review, we would like to give a quick survey of recent progresses in the holographic entanglement entropy. We focus on its gravitational aspects, so that it is comprehensible to those who are familiar with general relativity and basics of quantum field theory.
Effect of pre-processing of trout by freezing on the characteristics of smoked trout fillets.

In the situation when the capacities of production and further treatment of smoked fish are insufficient, it is necessary to freeze fresh fish during the fishing season and treat it later, when the season is over. That was the reason why the aim of our study was to explore effects of freezing on certain quality parameters of smoked fish. Experimental design included trout separated into two groups: the control group of fresh fish and the experimental group of frozen fish. During production process, total bacterial count was examined, and at the end of the process, chemical composition of the final product (vacuum-packed cold smoked trout) was determined. During the storage of the product at 4°C up to 21 days, microbiological, physicochemical and sensory analyses were performed at regular intervals. Overall, the results of the present study demonstrated that pre-processing freezing of trout is suitable and, in periods of large catches, even recommendable step in smoked trout production, at least for smaller processors.
Wireless Ultrasound Video Transmission for Stroke Risk Assessment: Quality Metrics and System Design

In this paper we discuss the use of clinical quality criteria in the assessment and design of ultrasound video compression systems. Our goal is to design efficient systems that can be used to transmit quality ultrasound videos at the lowest possible bitrates. This led us to the development of a spatially- varying encoding scheme, where quantization levels are spatially varying as a function of the diagnostic significance of the video. Diagnostic Regions of Interest (ROIs) for carotid ultrasound medical video are defined, which are then used as input for Flexible Macroblock Ordering (FMO) slice encoding. Diagnostically relevant FMO slice encoding is attained by enabling variable quality slice encoding, tightly coupled by each region's diagnostic importance. Redundant Slices (RS) utilization increases compressed video's resilience over error prone transmission mediums. We present preliminary findings on three carotid ultrasound videos at CIF resolution, for packet loss rates up to 30%. Subjective quality evaluation incorporates a clinical rating system that provides for independent evaluations of the different parts of the video. Experimental results show that encoded videos attain enhanced diagnostic performance under noisy environments, while at the same time achieving significant bandwidth requirements reductions.
HAND MUSCLE STRENGTH AND HAND DEXTERITY AFTER EXPOSURE TO HAND AND ARM FROM GRINDER VIBRATION AMONG GRINDING WORKERS

This research was a quasi-experimental study designed for thirty female workers performing a grinding operation with another other thirty female workers as the control group. Hand muscle strength was measured by assessing hand grip strength (HGS) and pinch strength (PS) while hand dexterity was measured by the maximum tapping ability in 10 seconds (MTA). The study participants were asked to perform the tests at (1) initial time at 08.00 a.m., (2) before morning rest break at 10.00 a.m., (3) after morning rest break at 10.10 a.m., (4) before lunch at 12.00 a.m., (5) after lunch at 13.00 p.m. , (6) before afternoon rest break at 15.00 p.m. , (7) after afternoon rest break at 15.10 p.m. and (8) end of work at 17.00 p.m. In contrast, the control group was measured only at before work (08.00 a.m.). The result showed that the HGS, PS and MTA of the dominant hand were generally stronger than those of the non-dominant hand (p-value 0.05). Percent changes (%) from initial time in MTA, PS and HGS of right and left hands in all time intervals were lower than for the initial time except that MTA of the left hand in each time interval was not different from the initial time. These tests confirmed the changes of hand strength and dexterity. The result shows that after the workers were exposed to vibration from the grinding process, they were affected by decreased hand muscle strength and decreased hand maximal tapping ability. However, the strength and maximal tapping ability was able to recover after taking a break. Furthermore, in all tests there was reduced hand strength and maximal tapping ability at the end of work (17.00 p.m.), so there may be an accumulation of tissue damage and fatigue of hand muscles by hand and arm vibration from continuous work with grinding. The vibration could influence muscle strength and maximal tapping ability. This result can be used for considering appropriate work duration to the time to rest break for reducing possible accumulation of tissue damage and muscular fatigue of hand in grinding workers. Journal of Sports Science and Technology 2012 ;12(1)11 - 32)
Consequences of forced migration during early childhood on cognitive well-being in later childhood in Andhra Pradesh, India

Unlike its short-term impact on consumption and income, forced migration is expected to deliver a permanent shock to the overall well-being of households, specifically children in the stage of infancy. Studies on the effect of forced migration on child cognitive well-being are few in number. Therefore, the present study is intended to examine the consequences of forced migration during infancy on child cognition at later age. We hypothesized that the effect of forced migration on child cognitive well-being can be mitigated by social support. The study used longitudinal data from three waves of the Young Lives Study (YLS) conducted in 2002, 2006–2007, and 2009 in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. We used bivariate and multivariate regression models to analyze the consequences of forced migration in early childhood on the cognitive well-being in later childhood. The information on forced migration was collected in Wave 1 (at age 1), whereas the information on the cognitive well-being of the children was collected in Wave 3 (at age 8). Child cognitive well-being was measured using scores obtained by the children on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), math, Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA), and memory tests. The results of the bivariate analysis show that the mean PPVT, math, EGRA, and memory scores obtained by children from the migrated households were lower than those obtained by children from the non-migrated households. Results of the multivariate linear regression models also show that children from the migrated households were statistically less likely to achieve higher scores on math (coefficient: -2.008, 95% C.I.-3.108, -0.908), EGRA (coefficient: -0.746, 95% C.I.-1.366, -0.126), and memory (coefficient: -0.503, 95% C.I. -0.834, -0.173) as compared to children from the non-migrated households. Our findings also indicate that the effect of forced migration on child cognitive well-being was not mitigated by social support. Findings of this study conclude that forced migration during infancy has a significant effect on child cognitive well-being at later age. Therefore, interventions should be made, paying attention to the most vulnerable children who were displaced during critical development ages.
The Study of Relationship between Internet Addictions and Aggression among Teenagers

The study was designed to investigate the relationship between internet addiction and aggression and to establish the psychometric properties of the scales. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect information about level of internet addiction and aggression among teenagers. To establish the psychometric properties, sample (n=200, having age 15-19 years) was selected from different schools and colleges of Haripur city. The results of research showed that the predictor variable internet addiction (β=.88) had a very high significant positive effect on outcome variable aggression with the level of significance p≤. 000. The t-Test analysis showed significant difference between males and females on both variables.