Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THERMALLY INDUCED TRANSITIONS AND MINIMUM ENERGY PATHS FOR MAGNETIC SYSTEMS

Thermally induced magnetic transitions are rare events as compared with vibrations of individual magnetic moments. Timescales for these processes differ by 10 orders of magnitude or more. Therefore, the standard MonteCarlo simulation is not suitable for the theoretical description of such phenomena. However, a statistical approach based on transition state theory is applicable for calculations of the transition rates. It presupposes finding the minimum energy path (MEP) between stable magnetic states on the multidimensional energy surface of the system. A modification of the Nudged Elastic Band (NEB) method for finding the energy barriers between states is suggested. A barrier on the energy surface corresponds to the difference between maximum energy along the MEP (highest saddle point) and the initial state minimum. The NEB procedure is implemented for spin rotations in Cartesian representation with geometric constraint on the magnitude of the magnetic moment. In this case, the effective magnetic forces are restricted to the tangent plane of the magnetic momentum vector.
Analysis of the complete organellar genomes of the economically valuable kelp Lessonia spicata (Lessoniaceae, Phaeophyceae) from Chile

Abstract Lessonia spicata (Suhr) Santelices is the most ecologically and economically important kelp from Pacific South America. Here, we contribute to the bioinformatics and evolutionary systematics of the species by performing high throughput sequencing on L. spicata from Valparaiso, Chile. The L. spicata complete mitogenome is 37,097 base pairs (bp) in length and contains 66 genes (GenBank accession MK965907), the complete plastid genome is 130,305 bp and has 173 genes (accession MK965908), and the data assembled 7,630 bp of the nuclear ribosomal cistron (accession MK965909). The organellar genomes are similar in structure and content to others published from the Laminariales.
Adaptation and evolutionary rescue in a community context 1 2

16 Evolution might mitigate negative effects of environmental change on diversity by rescuing 17 populations from extinction. However, biotic interactions could affect adaptation to abiotic 18 change, and conversely, adaptation to an abiotic stressor could influence biotic interactions. 19 We used experimental evolution of microalgae to investigate reciprocal effects of competition 20 and adaptation to salt stress. We found that evolutionary history influenced competitive 21 interactions and community properties. In high-salt environments, communities assembled 22 from lines with a history of salt stress declined more slowly in diversity than communities 23 assembled from lines without prior exposure to salt. We also found that a history of salt stress 24 can lead to reduced competitive ability in the ancestral environment. While competition had 25 no effect on adaptation to salt, we found that competition can hinder evolutionary rescue by 26 preventing that adaptation translates into population persistence. Collectively, our results 27 highlight the importance of considering evolutionary rescue in a community context. 28
Larger Genomes Linked to Slower Development and Loss of Late-Developing Traits

Genome size varies widely among organisms and is known to affect vertebrate development, morphology, and physiology. In amphibians, genome size is hypothesized to contribute to loss of late-forming structures, although this hypothesis has mainly been discussed in salamanders. Here we estimated genome size for 22 anuran species and combined this novel data set with existing genome size data for an additional 234 anuran species to determine whether larger genome size is associated with loss of a late-forming anuran sensory structure, the tympanic middle ear. We established that genome size is negatively correlated with development rate across 90 anuran species and found that genome size evolution is correlated with evolutionary loss of the middle ear bone (columella) among 241 species (224 eared and 17 earless). We further tested whether the development of the tympanic middle ear could be constrained by large cell sizes and small body sizes during key stages of tympanic middle ear development (metamorphosis). Together, our evidence suggests that larger genomes, slower development rate, and smaller body sizes at metamorphosis may contribute to the loss of the anuran tympanic middle ear. We conclude that increases in anuran genome size, although less drastic than those in salamanders, may affect development of late-forming traits.
An empirical investigation of Italian middle firms

This study analyses the use of management control systems (MCS) across different business-level strategies. Adopting a contingency approach, the study seeks to get insights on the theoretical assumption that management control systems should be designed and used to suit the firm’s business strategy (Otley, 1980; Langfield-Smith, 1997). We conceptualise MCS in terms of Simon’s level of control framework and strategy in terms of Miles and Snow’s typology in order to investigate the differences in MCS attributes among four groups of firms adopting specific business strategies. Using data collected from a survey of top managers in 227 middle firms of North-East Italy, this study demonstrates that the interdependencies among control levers slightly differ depending on the business-level strategy in use. Findings show that all the control levers are used by firms and are independently associated with business strategy, suggesting the capacity of firms to balance different use of MCS (Mundy, 2010). Diagnostic lever of control is shown to be more associated with “analyzer” and “reactor” business strategy typologies. Furthermore, evidences suggest that the combined and complementary use of the all the levers of control contribute to generate a dynamic tension necessary for managing different business strategies simultaneously.
Predicting the Bioclimatic Habitat Suitability of Ginkgo biloba L. in China with Field-Test Validations

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) is not only considered a ‘living fossil’, but also has important ecological, economic, and medicinal values. However, the impact of climate change on the performance and distribution of this plant is an increasing concern. In this study, we developed a bioclimatic model based on data about the occurrence of ginkgo from 277 locations, and validated model predictions using a wide-ranging field test (12 test sites, located at the areas from 22.49° N to 39.32° N, and 81.11° E to 123.53° E). We found that the degree-days below zero were the most important climate variable determining ginkgo distribution. Based on the model predictions, we classified the habitat suitability for ginkgo into four categories (high, medium, low, and unsuitable), accounting for 9.29%, 6.09%, 8.46%, and 76.16% of China’s land area, respectively. The ANOVA results of the validation test showed significant differences in observed leaf-traits among the four habitat types (p < 0.05), and importantly the rankings of the leaf traits were consistent with our classification of the habitat suitability, suggesting the effectiveness of our classification in terms of biological and economic significance. In addition, we projected that suitable (high and medium) habitats for ginkgo would shrink and shift northward under both the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate change scenarios for three future periods (the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s). However, the area of low-suitable habitat would increase, resulting in a slight decrease in unsuitable habitats. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of climate change impact on this plant and provide a scientific basis for developing adaptive strategies for future climate.
Towards intrinsic phonon transport in single‐layer MoS2

The intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity of MoS2 is an important aspect in the design of MoS2‐based nanoelectronic devices. We investigate the lattice dynamics properties of MoS2 by first‐principle calculations. The intrinsic thermal conductivity of single‐layer MoS2 is calculated using the Boltzmann transport equation for phonons. The obtained thermal conductivity agrees well with the measurements. The contributions of acoustic and optical phonons to the lattice thermal conductivity are evaluated. The size dependence of thermal conductivity is investigated as well.
VISUAL CONTROL OF HIGH-VELOCITY FOOT-TARGETING TASKS IN NOVICE AND EXPERT PERFORMERS

The visual regulation of step length and duration during target-directed locomotion was examined in relation to gait mode, approach velocity, obstacle task, and practice during a series of four experiments. Visual regulation was found to decrease in novice performers but increase in expert performers when approach velocity increased. The aptitude of expert performers is partly due to their ability to visually regulate for a greater time and distance during the approach, resulting in more accurate final foot placement. The speed/accuracy trade-off may be a mechanism that protects novice performers from harm whilst negotiating obstacles in the everyday environment.
Full-azimuth subsurface angle domain wavefield decomposition and imaging Part I: Directional and reflection image gathers

We present a new subsurface angle-domain seismic imaging systemforgeneratingandextractinghigh-resolutioninformation about subsurface angle-dependent reflectivity. The system enables geophysicists to use all recorded seismic data in a continuousfashiondirectlyinthesubsurfacelocalangledomainLAD, resulting in two complementary, full-azimuth, common-imageangle gather systems: directional and reflection. The complete setofinformationfrombothtypesofanglegathersleadstoaccurate, high-resolution, reliable velocity model determination and reservoir characterization. The directional angle decomposition enables the implementation of specular and diffraction imaging in real 3D isotropic/anisotropic geological models, leading to simultaneous emphasis on continuous structural surfaces and discontinuous objects such as faults and small-scale fractures. Structural attributes at each subsurface point, e.g., dip, azimuth andcontinuity,canbederiveddirectlyfromthedirectionalangle gathers. The reflection-angle gathers display reflectivity as a function of the opening angle and opening azimuth. These gathers are most meaningful in the vicinity of actual local reflecting surfaces,wherethereflectionanglesaremeasuredwithrespectto the derived background specular direction. The reflection-angle gathers are used for automatic picking of full-azimuth angle-domainresidualmoveoutsRMOwhich,togetherwiththederived background orientations of the subsurface reflection horizons, provide a complete set of input data to isotropic/anisotropic tomography. The full-azimuth, angle-dependent amplitude variations are used for reliable and accurate amplitude versus angle andazimuthAVAZanalysisandreservoircharacterization.The proposed system is most effective for imaging and analysis below complex structures, such as subsalt and subbasalt, high-velocity carbonate rocks, shallow low-velocity gas pockets, and others. In addition, it enables accurate azimuthal anisotropic imaging and analysis, providing optimal solutions for fracture detectionandreservoircharacterization.
INVASIVE PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH NON-DECOMPENSATED LIVER CIRRHOSIS: A CASE REPORT

Introduction: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fatal disease usually occurring in patients with neutropenia resulted from chemotherapy for malignancy. The other risk factors include consuming corticosteroids, organ transplant and advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Recently, the incidence of IPA in immunocompetent patients without any history of organ transplant or malignancy has been increasing. Patients with advanced cirrhosis are one of the cases involved in this infection. Case Presentation: In this case study, we report invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a 50-year-old patient (from Sari, Iran), who had gradual abdominal pain and ascites, cough and respiratory distress. Radiographic signs showed a round infiltration in the upper part of the right lung. Despite receiving 48-hour antibiotics therapy, the fever had not subsided. In CT-guided needle lung biopsy, septate and acutely angled hyphae (dichotomous) were seen. In CT-guided needle lung biopsy, septate and acutely angled hyphae (dichotomous) were seen. Direct examination of the sputum showed septate hyphae compatible with a filamentous fungus. According to morphologicalandmolecular characterization, Aspergillus fumigatuswasconfirmed. Minimuminhibitory concentration (MIC) values of antifungal agents were determined based on the clinical and laboratory standard institute (CLSI) M38-A2. Treatment with intravenous amphotericin B was changed to oral voriconazole 200 mg, twice a day. The patient did not have any kind of residual lung lesion within the six-month follow-up and the cirrhosis was under control and she currently has no respiratory symptoms or signs. Conclusions: In patients with liver cirrhosis, when there is evidence of severe pulmonary disease without proper response to treatment, the possibility of invasive pulmonary fungal infection should be considered.
Antimicrobial and antiviral activities against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) from marine algae isolated from Qusier and Marsa-Alam Seashore (Red Sea), Egypt

Diethyl ether, acetone and ethanol extracts of ten marine macroalgae; two belonging to Chlorophyceae ( Ulva lactuca and Caulerpa racemosa ), two belonging to Rhodophyceae ( Acanthophora spicifera and Galaxaura elongata ) and six taxa belonging to Phaeophyceae ( Liagora farinosa , Cystoseira compressa , Cystoseira myrica , Hydroclathrus clathratus , Turbinaria ornata and Padina pavonia ) isolated from the inter tidal zone along Qusier Marsa-Alam seashore (Red Sea), Egypt, were evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities against 3 Gram-positive bacteria ( Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus and Sarcina maxima ), 3 Gram-negative bacteria ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia ), one unicellular ( Candida albicans ) and two filamentous fungi ( Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporum ) and against the Newcastle sense Virus (NDV)-(Paramyxoviridae) which is responsible for acute respiratory distress in chicken. Data showed that some extracts recorded strong inhibitory activities than the reference antibiotics, while others were with moderate and/or week inhibitory activities. However, many were without any inhibitory effects. The cytotoxicity effect of the tested algal extracts on chicken embryo showed that both diethyl ether and acetone extracts had toxic effects, but the ethanol extracts had no toxic effect, so that the ethanol extract was considered to be the most suitable for further studies. The antiviral activities of the ethanol extracts against NDV (Newcastle disease virus) showed that seven of the ten tested algal extracts have strong activities against NDV. Keywords: Antimicrobial and antiviral activities, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), marine macroalgae, Qusier and Marsa-Alam, Red Sea, Egypt
EFFECT OF SALINITY STRESS ON GROWTH AND MACRONUTRIENTS UPTAKE OF SOME EGYPTIAN BARLEY LANDRACES ((Hordeum vulgare L.).

In this study the effect of salinity stress on growth and macronutrient uptake of some barley landraces ((Hordeum vulgare L.) grown in sandy loam soil were investigated. The main purpose of this study was carried out to evaluate three Egyptian barley landraces i.e. (L2, L6 and L10) for salinity tolerance. The plants were irrigated by using saline water with different concentration (0, 50.100 and 150 mM NaCl) for 60 days. A pot experiment was conducted to achieve this study. Results indicated that increased salinity caused a significant reduction in percentage of fresh and dry weights of barley plants. Soil pH and EC values were increased as a salinity level of irrigation water increased. Soluble Na + concentration were increased with increasing NaCl levels, whereas Ca, Mg and K in soil were decrease as a result of increasing the concentration of NaCl in irrigation water. That is true for all landraces. In addition, the values of N, P and K content in barley landraces were decreased with increasing salinity levels. Also the N, P and K uptake were significant decreased by increasing salinity levels. Generally, the results clearly showed that landrace L2 had the highest salt tolerance compared with landraces L6 and L10.
Joint learning to enhance innovation systems in African agriculture

1 CIRAD UMR Innovation, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France 2 ETC Foundation, Leusden, Netherlands 3 Faculte des Sciences agronomiques, Universite d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Benin 4 Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) Headquarters, Kaptagat Road, Loresho, Nairobi, Kenya 5 Institute of Natural Resources, PO Box 100 396, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa 6 Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, South Africa 7 Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands 8 International Centre for development-oriented Research in Agriculture (ICRA), Montpellier, France 9 Knowledge, Innovation and Technology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands 10 CIRAD UMR ART-DEV, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France Introduction Recognition is growing that strong and dynamic innovation systems are essential for adaptation to the rapid changes being experienced by smallholder farmers, including growing population pressure on limited natural resources and climate change. Yet relatively little is documented about how innovation processes unfold in small-scale agriculture. Most researchers, development practitioners and policymakers implicitly or explicitly work with a linear model of transfer of “innovations” from research via extension to farmers for adoption. This seldom reflects how innovation actually happens. Recent studies have revealed that effective innovation takes place within heterogeneous networks of researchers, farmers, entrepreneurs, NGOs, government and other stakeholders. They interact over time in a non-linear, iterative and non-predictable way to solve a pressing problem, adapt to new conditions or seize new opportunities. The outcome of such interactions usually consists of a mix of technical, organisational and institutional innovations developed and refined “on the go”, often quite different from what the initiators envisaged.
Towards a Taxonomy for Shadow IT Full Paper

In a comprehensive literature review, we identified 21 different terms used for Shadow IT related concepts. This variety makes it difficult to identify related research and build upon it. To address this ambiguity, we reduce the different terms to six distinct concepts by developing a taxonomy and examining their relationships. We do so by using a rigorous iterative methodology to identify common characteristics and to classify terms along them. By clustering the results, we derive and visualize the taxonomy. The identified concepts are Feral Practices, Workarounds, Shadow IT, Shadow Systems, Un-enacted Projects, and Shadow Sourcing. We elaborate on the concepts along their characteristics and clearly define and delimit them. As a result, we create a guide for their usage, increase searchand comparability, and unify existing knowledge.
A Muscle-Specific Rehabilitation Training Method of the Human Shoulder Based on the Optimal Load Orientation Concept

In order to implement the high-efficiency resistance training for a specific muscle of human shoulders using the rehabilitation robots, a muscle-specific rehabilitation training method based on the optimal load orientation concept (OLOC) was proposed. A 3D mathematical musculoskeletal model of the shoulder complex was used to predict the muscle f orces. In this model, 31 muscle bundles were used to represent all the muscles contributing to the shoulder function, and the Hill-type model was used to characterize the mechanical property of the muscles. The calculation results show that, for a specific muscle, there is always an optimal load orientation (OLO) of the external load which lead the activation of muscle to its maximum. Moreover, the distribution of the OLO is significantly consistent as the movement u nder different magnitudes of load. Thus the optimal load orientation cluster for a specific muscle, which can be used to specify a muscle-specific rehabilitation strategy, was determined. Simultaneously, the analysis suggests that the muscle-specific rehabilitation training method based on the OLOC could improve the training efficiency of specific muscles significantly.
The density variance - Mach number relation in isothermal and non-isothermal adiabatic turbulence

The density variance - Mach number relation of the turbulent interstellar medium is relevant for theoretical models of the star formation rate, efficiency, and the initial mass function of stars. Here we use high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations with grid resolutions of up to 1024^3 cells to model compressible turbulence in a regime similar to the observed interstellar medium. We use Fyris Alpha, a shock-capturing code employing a high-order Godunov scheme to track large density variations induced by shocks. We investigate the robustness of the standard relation between the logarithmic density variance (sigma_s^2) and the sonic Mach number (M) of isothermal interstellar turbulence, in the non-isothermal regime. Specifically, we test ideal gases with diatomic molecular (gamma = 7/5) and monatomic (gamma = 5/3) adiabatic indices. A periodic cube of gas is stirred with purely solenoidal forcing at low wavenumbers, leading to a fully-developed turbulent medium. We find that as the gas heats in adiabatic compressions, it evolves along the relationship in the density variance - Mach number plane, but deviates significantly from the standard expression for isothermal gases. Our main result is a new density variance - Mach number relation that takes the adiabatic index into account: sigma_s^2 = ln {1+b^2*M^[(5*gamma+1)/3]} and provides good fits for b*M 1. We conclude that this new relation for adiabatic turbulence may introduce important corrections to the standard relation, if the gas is not isothermal.