Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Difar hydrophone usage in whale research

Directional Frequency Analysis and Recording (DIPAR) sonobuoys have been used by the Navy for many decades, providing magnetic bearings to low frequency (less than 4 kHz) sound sources from a single sensor. Computing advances have made this acoustic sensor technology increasingly easy to use and more powerful. The information presented here is intended to help new users determine when DIFAR sensors are or are not appropriate in whale acoustics research. Acoustic detection ranges for baleen whales average near 20 km but vary from 5 to 100 km depending on conditions. Radio reception range from DIFAR sonobuoys to a typical research vessel averages 18 km with an omni directional antenna on the ship and standard antenna on the sonobuoy. DIFAR bearing accuracy is analyzed for a set of whale calls where the track of the whale was well known. Bearings from the DIFAR sensor were found to have a standard deviation of 2.1 degrees. Systematic error and magnetic deviation can be removed using DIFAR bearings to the sound of the research vessel at a known location. A DIFAR sensor array requires fewer sensors than a conventional hydrophone array and sometimes provides more accurate source locations than the "time of arrival" hyperbolic methods used with conventional hydrophones. Continuous sounds such as ships are more easily localized with DIFAR sensors than with conventional hydrophones, because it is often difficult to find transient features upon which to estimate the time differences needed for hyperbolic fixing with a conventional hydrophone array. DIFAR hydrophone systems are well suited to right, blue, minke, fin and other baleen whale calls, as well as numerous other sound sources including ships.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis critically rewires the ischemia/reperfusion-induced dysregulation of cardiolipins and sphingolipids in mice

Background Lipid dysregulation plays a fundamental role in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is an emerging critical risk factor that aggravates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the specific lipids that mediate the aggressive I/R injury in NASH livers have not yet been identified. Methods The mouse model of hepatic I/R injury on NASH was established on C56B/6J mice by first feeding the mice with a Western-style diet to induce NASH, then the NASH mice were subjected to surgical procedures to induce hepatic I/R injury. Untargeted lipidomics were performed to determine hepatic lipids in NASH livers with I/R injury through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The pathology associated with the dysregulated lipids was examined. Results Lipidomics analyses identified cardiolipins (CL) and sphingolipids (SL), including ceramides (CER), glycosphingolipids, sphingosines, and sphingomyelins, as the most relevant lipid classes that characterized the lipid dysregulation in NASH livers with I/R injury. CER were increased in normal livers with I/R injury, and the I/R-induced increase of CER was further augmented in NASH livers. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that the enzymes involved in the synthesis and degradation of CER were highly upregulated in NASH livers with I/R injury, including serine palmitoyltransferase 3 (Sptlc3), ceramide synthase 2 (Cers2), neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (Smpd3), and glucosylceramidase beta 2 (Gba2) that produced CER, and alkaline ceramidase 2 (Acer2), alkaline ceramidase 3 (Acer3), sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1), sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (Sgpl1), and sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 1 (Sgpp1) that catalyzed the degradation of CER. CL were not affected by I/R challenge in normal livers, but CL was dramatically reduced in NASH livers with I/R injury. Consistently, metabolic pathway analyses revealed that the enzymes catalyzing the generation of CL were downregulated in NASH-I/R injury, including cardiolipin synthase (Crls1) and tafazzin (Taz). Notably, the I/R-induced oxidative stress and cell death were found to be aggravated in NASH livers, which were possibly mediated by the reduction of CL and accumulation of CER. Conclusions The I/R-induced dysregulation of CL and SL were critically rewired by NASH, which might potentially mediate the aggressive I/R injury in NASH livers.
Simulation and analysis of induction machines with rotor asymmetries

The need for detection of rotor faults at an earlier stage, so that maintenance can be planned ahead, has pushed the development of monitoring methods with increasing sensitivity and noise immunity. An important issue in such effort is the modeling of the induction machine including rotor bar and end-ring faults, with a minimum of computational complexity. In this paper, a new and simpler approach for the modeling of induction machines with rotor asymmetries is employed in the simulation and analysis of an induction motor with rotor asymmetries. Simulation and finite element analysis results are presented to support the proposed approach.
Design of a High-Power Gaussian Pulse Transmitter for Sensing and Imaging of Buried Objects

This paper aims to investigate a high-power and low-cost monopulse transmitter circuit for underground and underwater sensing and imaging. The transmitter utilizes two Marx transistor-based pulse generators, a balun, and a Vivaldi antenna. A simple output network, including an inductor and Schottky diode, is employed to compensate for the ringing level and distortion and improve the pulse width. The ringing level of the developed circuit is around 6 percent. The output is a Gaussian pulse with pulse width and amplitude of 481 ps and 50 V, respectively. In order to have a high amplitude monopulse, an exact replica of this network in parallel is exploited. The outputs of the parallel circuits are subtracted through the balun to have a dc-free monopulse with amplitude and pulse width of 26 V and 483 ps, respectively. The monopulse is radiated by a Vivaldi antenna toward a buried object. The image of the target is generated using the time-domain global back projection (TD-GBP) method. Three imaging experiments are conducted to verify the functionality of the designed sensor system. The reconstructed images and the reference images are shown high structural similarity indexes of 98.6%, 95.4%, and 97.6%.
Elements of Power Electronics

Building on the tradition of its classic first edition, the long-awaited second edition of Elements of Power Electronics provides comprehensive coverage of the subject at a level suitable for undergraduate engineering students, students in advanced degree programs, and novices in the field. It establishes a fundamental engineering basis for power electronics analysis, design, and implementation, offering broad and in-depth coverage of basic material. Streamlined throughout to reflect new innovations in technology, the second edition also features updates on renewable and alternative energy. Elements of Power Electronics features a unifying framework that includes the physical implications of circuit laws, switching circuit analysis, and the basis for converter operation and control. It discusses dc-dc, ac-dc, dc-ac, and ac-ac conversion tasks and principles of resonant converters and discontinuous converters. The text also addresses magnetic device design, thermal management and drivers for power semiconductors, control system aspects of converters, and both small-signal and geometric controls. Models for real devices and components-including capacitors, inductors, wire connections, and power semiconductors-are developed in depth, while newly expanded examples show students how to use tools like Mathcad, Matlab, and Mathematica to aid in the analysis and design of conversion circuits. Features: *More than 160 examples and 350 chapter problems support the presented concepts*An extensive Companion Website includes additional problems, laboratory materials, selected solutions for students, computer-based examples, and analysis tools for Mathcad, Matlab, and Mathematica
Through the Looking Glass: Examining Theory Development in Project Management with the Resource-Based View Lens

Project management is a young discipline and young disciplines tend to lack well-developed theories. This paper examines several topics that help with theory development – the use of a common terminology and holistic frameworks, the importance of avoiding tautologies, and the merits of analogies. To guide the process, the paper draws from a recent empirical study that used the Resource-Based View to study project management as a strategic asset. The paper discusses how these four topics that contribute to theory development were managed in the study. Applying theory construction practices enables us to be more aware of the challenges related to research and improves our understanding of variables as used in conceptual and empirical papers. By applying the Resource-Based View to project management, the paper also shows how we can improve our understanding of project management as a source of competitive advantage.
eHealth Literacy: From Theory to Clinical Application for Digital Health Improvement. Results from the ACCESS Training Experience

Skills, knowledge, and awareness of digital and technological tools are essential to improve the state of well-being and health of older adults and also to mitigate the condition of social isolation in the aging process. For this reason, it is necessary to implement a social learning of electronic/digital tools for health of older people to support the achievement of eHealth and digital competences. The paper reports the results of an Italian innovative eHealth training for the European project ACCESS. The training has been based on blended didactical and interactive educational techniques, aimed at collecting as many points of view as possible from older adults. A total of 58 older adults were recruited to attend a four-week training program, which included five modules. The results showed a statistical significant difference between the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) mean value before and after the course. A significant negative correlation was found between eHEALS and positive/total Survey of Technology Use (SOTU), suggesting an inverse relationship between positive/total SOTU and eHEALS. There is a strong positive and statistically significant relationship between satisfaction with the training and eHEALS. The results indicate that the intervention increased the digital competences of participants connected to health.
Habitat quality and edge area of fragments determine insect diversity in a heavily used landscape: Implications for forest landscape restoration

Worldwide, forest fragmentation and degradation have affected the flora and fauna, and are threatening the livelihood of people depending upon forest resources. It is essential to understand the underlying ecological processes to better manage such landscapes. In ecological assessments, insects are useful tools to assess the effects of human interventions such as restoration, as insects are vital for several ecosystem processes. Therefore, we studied the ecological processes that determined the distributions of the epigeic insect communities among the degraded forest fragments of the Attappady Hills (Western Ghats, India), which are being restored. Our objectives were to determine the spatial variations in the epigeic insect communities and their responses to habitat quantity and quality of the forest fragments, along with an assessment of the invasive ants’ responses to fragmentation and degradation, and their effects on the native insect communities. We used pitfall traps in several forest fragments representing varying disturbance levels along an east–west gradient. The diversity of various insect taxonomic groups and functional feeding guilds were higher in smaller fragments than compared to larger fragments due to edge effects. The variations in the distributions of insect communities were explained by the habitat features that were spatially correlated. Invasive ants, Anoplolepis gracilipes, infested the smaller fragments where the vegetation quality had degraded. We conclude that an understanding of the effects of fragmentation and degradation on insect communities is vital to restoration managers as ecological restoration becomes an important strategy to reverse degradation and to revive ecological processes of fragmented forests.
A Study of Thermoelectric Performance of TlGaSe2 Layered Dichalcogenides from First‐Principles Calculations: Vacancy Defects Modeling and Engineering

Herein, the thermoelectric performance of TlGaSe2 ternary layered dichalcogenides is evaluated by applying ab initio density functional theory calculations combined with Boltzmann's transport equation. A novel approach to design the intrinsic structural defects via Se‐anion vacancies in unit cell has been developed. Two kinds of Se ‐vacancy defects in host TlGaSe2 crystal lattice are engineered: the single vacancy defect induced intrinsically in the unit cell ( 1×1×1 ) and in the supercell lattice ( 1×1×4 ). It is found that the electrical transport properties and thermoelectric efficiency of this semiconductor could be significantly altered by introducing Se‐vacancy states into crystalline structure. In addition, simulation shows that inclusion of Se‐vacancy defects significantly improves the thermoelectric efficiency as well as the thermoelectric power factor and figure of merit ( ZT ) values of this compound. Additionally, the thermoelectric performance of TlGaSe2 is estimated by means of the electronic fitness function calculations in the valence and conduction edges. The results demonstrate that TlGaSe2 with introduced Se ‐vacancies may be a perspective material for thermoelectric applications.
Road capacity calibration of medium and small cities based on radial basis function neural network

Based on the speed-flow model and the principle of radial basis function (RBF) neural network, this article designs the capacity calibration method of small and medium-sized city road sections. Compared with the traditional method, which gets the road capacity by modifying the design road capacity, the method avoids the problem of low accuracy due to the lack of consideration of random factors in the deterministic mathematical model, which is suitable for the complicated traffic environment of the road section in small and medium-sized cities. Then, this article takes Xiangshui old city road network as an example, and investigates the related attributes such as the number of lanes, the width of the red line, whether designing parking space. At the same time, the flow and speed of some road sections are investigated as training sections, then the designed method is applied to calibrate the road capacity of Xiangshui old city. The error between the predicted value and the real value of the training road sections is within the allowable range of the project, the correctness of the design method is verified, it can lay a data foundation for urban traffic planning and management.
Key Environmental Innovations

This paper is based on empirical research on a taxonomy of technological environmental innovations. It draws on a databank with over 500 examples of new technologies (materials, products, processes and practices) which come with benign environmental effects. The approaches applied to interpreting the datasets are innovation life cycle analysis, and product chain analysis. Main results include the following: 1. Innovations merely aimed at eco-efficienc y do in most cases not represent significant contributions to improving the properties of the industrial metabolism. This can better be achieved by technologies that fulfill the criteria of eco-consistency (metabolic consistency), also called eco-effectiveness. 2. Ecological pressure of a technology is basically determined by its conceptual make-up and design. Most promising thus are technologies in earlier rather than later stages of their life cycle (i.e. during R&D and customisation in growing numbers), because it is during the stages before reaching the inflection point and maturity in a learning curve where technological environmental innovations can best contribute to improving ecological consistency of the industrial metabolism while at the same time delivering their maximum increase in efficiency as well.3. Moreover, environmental action needs to focus on early steps in the vertical manufacturing chain rather than on those in the end. Most of the ecological pressure of a technology is no rmally not caused end-of-chain in use or consumption, but in the more basic steps of the manufacturing chain (with the exception of products the use of which consumes energy, e.g. vehicles, appliances). There are conclusions to be drawn for refocusing attention from downstream to upstream in life cycles and product chains, and for a shift of emphasis in environmental policy from regulation to innovation. Ambitious environmental standards, though, continue to be an important regulative precondition of ecologically benign technological innovation.
Reinforcement learning in intelligent transportation systems: recent developments

With the increase in computing power and the development of reinforcement learning, the efficiency of the transportation system have been improving. Data-driven reinforcement learning algorithms have strong self-learning capabilities and adaptability to complex transportation systems and play a key role in the development of intelligent transportation systems. This paper reviews the basic concept of reinforcement learning firstly, including the terminology and methods which are divided into three categories: value-based, policy-based, and actor-critic methods. Secondly, the application and development of reinforcement learning in traffic signal control are introduced in the single-point control and the joint control of the multi-agent system. Then, this paper describes the development in autonomous driving separately from path planning and driving behavior. In the end, this paper concludes the challenges and problems faced by reinforcement learning methods in intelligent transportation systems.
Changes in the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Human Blood with Sustained Prophylactic Use of Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)—A Rheological Study

While the prophylactic use of regular, low dosage, acetylsalicylic acid (aspi-rin) has been employed due to the inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation, few if any rheological studies validate the change in the physical and mechanical properties of human blood post-aspirin administration. The viscosity and yield stress of blood from eleven donors were assessed at varied shear rates before and after daily aspirin administration (81 mg) for 14 consecutive days. The findings indicate a statistically relevant aggregated decrease with respect to viscosity and yield stress within the study population.
Fault Line Selection Method Based on Transfer Learning Depthwise Separable Convolutional Neural Network

With the continuous development of artificial intelligence technology, the value of massive power data has been widely considered. Aiming at the problem of single-phase-to-ground fault line selection in resonant grounding system, a fault line selection method based on transfer learning depthwise separable convolutional neural network (DSCNN) is proposed. The proposed method uses two pixel-level image fusions to transform the three-phase current of each feeder into the RGB color image, which is used as the input of DSCNN. After DSCNN self-feature extraction, the fault line selection is completed. With the consideration that not all of power distribution systems can obtain a large amount of data in practical applications, the transfer learning strategy is adopted to transplant the trained line selection model. The smaller number of DSCNN parameters increases the portability of the model. The test results show that not only does the proposed method extracts obvious features, but also the line selection accuracy can reach 99.76%. It also has good adaptability under different sampling frequencies, different noise environments, and different distribution network topologies; the line selection accuracy can reach more than 97.43%.
The Curse of Dimensionality in Data Quality

Data quality (DQ) has been studied in significant depth over the last two decades and has received attention from both the academic and the practitioner community. Over that period of time a large number of data quality dimensions have been identified in due course of research and practice. While it is important to embrace the diversity of views of data quality, it is equally important for the data quality research and practitioner community to be united in the consistent interpretation of this foundational concept. In this paper, we provide a step towards this consistent interpretation by providing a lens to analyse the dimensions towards developing clear and concise metrics to manage DQ. Through a systematic review of research and practitioner literature, we identify previously published data quality dimensions and embark on the analysis and consolidation of the overlapping and inconsistent definitions.
Facilitating Form Filling For Visually Impaired By Automatic Detection Of Captcha In Web Forms

The massive use of the Internet and WWW by the government and commercial organizations for automation of work has resulted in extensive proliferation of online computing. Almost every procedure be it related to railway reservations or other governmental or entertainment related work requires the user to filling an online form. To avoid the forms being filled by bots or malicious computers the form designers usually use a cryptic image known as CAPTHA which is human readable and the form can be submitted only when the user has decrypted the captcha and filled in the text represented by that captcha. While this is a security feature and prevents the bombarding of servers by automatically filled forms, this also acts as an impediment for the visually impaired genuine users. It also slows down genuine employees who have to do data entry work for an organization. To overcome this handicap for the genuine users we propose a solution for automatic detection and text conversion of captcha. This solution uses image processing and optical character recognition to detect captcha and convert it to text.
Differential Expression of the T cell Inhibitor TIGIT in Glioblastoma and Multiple Sclerosis

To identify co-inhibitory immune pathways important in the brain, we hypothesized that comparison of T cells in lesions from patients with MS with tumor infiltrating T cells (TILs) from patients with GBM may reveal novel targets for immunotherapy. Focusing on PD-1 and TIGIT, we found that TIGIT and its ligand CD155 were highly expressed on GBM TILs but were near-absent in MS lesions, while lymphocytic expression of PD-1/PDL-1 was comparable. TIGIT was also upregulated in peripheral lymphocytes in GBM, suggesting recirculation of TILs. These data raise the possibility that anti-TIGIT therapy may be beneficial for patients with glioblastoma.