Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of SrC2

Abstract Polycrystalline SrC2 of high purity was prepared by the reaction of elemental strontium with graphite at temperatures of about 970 K. The known tetragonal room-temperature modification (I4/mmm, Z=2) was confirmed by synchrotron powder investigations, which revealed a strong anisotropic peak broadening. Temperature-dependent X-ray powder investigations resulted in a first-order phase transition to a cubic high-temperature modification (Fm 3 m, Z=4) at about 700 K. Below room temperature a monoclinic modification (C2/c, Z=4), which is isotypic to the crystal structure of ThC2 at room temperature, was found.
Learning Continuous Image Representation with Local Implicit Image Function

How to represent an image? While the visual world is presented in a continuous manner, machines store and see the images in a discrete way with 2D arrays of pixels. In this paper, we seek to learn a continuous representation for images. Inspired by the recent progress in 3D reconstruction with implicit neural representation, we propose Local Implicit Image Function (LIIF), which takes an image coordinate and the 2D deep features around the coordinate as inputs, predicts the RGB value at a given coordinate as an output. Since the coordinates are continuous, LIIF can be presented in arbitrary resolution. To generate the continuous representation for images, we train an encoder with LIIF representation via a self-supervised task with superresolution. The learned continuous representation can be presented in arbitrary resolution even extrapolate to ×30 higher resolution, where the training tasks are not provided. We further show that LIIF representation builds a bridge between discrete and continuous representation in 2D, it naturally supports the learning tasks with size-varied image ground-truths and significantly outperforms the method with resizing the ground-truths. Our project page with code is at https://yinboc.github. io/liif/.
Multi-Label Arabic Text Classification: An Overview

There is a massive growth of text documents on the web. This led to the increasing need for methods that can organize and classify electronic documents (instances) automati-cally. Multi-label classification task is widely used in real-world problems and it has been applied on di˙erent applications. It assigns multiple labels for each document simultaneously. Few and insuycient research studies have investigated the multi-label text classification problem in the Arabic language. Therefore, this survey paper aims to present an extensive review of the existing multi-label classification methods and techniques that can deal with multi-label problem. Besides, we focus on Arabic language by covering the relevant applications of multi-label classification on the Arabic text, and identify the main challenges faced by these studies. Furthermore, this survey presents an experimental comparisons of di˙erent multi-label classification methods applied for the Arabic context and points out some baseline results. We found that further investigations are also needed to improve the multi-label classification task in the Arabic language, especially the hierarchical classification task.
Origin of the Electronic Structure in Single-Layer FeSe/SrTiO3 Films

The accurate theoretical description of the underlying electronic structures is essential for understanding the superconducting mechanism of iron-based superconductors. Compared to bulk FeSe, the superconducting single-layer FeSe/SrTiO3 films exhibit a distinct electronic structure consisting of only electron Fermi pockets, due to the formation of a new band gap at the Brillouin zone (BZ) corners and an indirect band gap between the BZ center and corners. Although intensive studies have been carried out, the origin of such a distinct electronic structure and its connection to bulk FeSe remain unclear. Here we report a systematic study on the temperature evolution of the electronic structure in single-layer FeSe/SrTiO3 films by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. A temperature-induced electronic phase transition was clearly observed at 200 K, above which the electronic structure of single-layer FeSe/SrTiO3 films restored to that of bulk FeSe, characterized by the closing of the new band gap and the vanishing of the indirect band gap. Moreover, the interfacial charge transfer effect induced band shift of ~ 60 meV was determined for the first time. These observations not only show the first direct evidence that the electronic structure of single-layer FeSe/SrTiO3 films originates from bulk FeSe through a combined effect of an electronic phase transition and an interfacial charge transfer, but also provide a quantitative basis for theoretical models in describing the electronic structure and understanding the superconducting mechanism in single-layer FeSe/SrTiO3 films.
Two-Stage Optimal Microgrid Operation with a Risk-Based Hybrid Demand Response Program Considering Uncertainty

Owing to the increasing utilization of renewable energy resources, distributed energy resources (DERs) become inevitably uncertain, and microgrid operators have difficulty in operating the power systems because of this uncertainty. In this study, we propose a two-stage optimization approach with a hybrid demand response program (DRP) considering a risk index for microgrids (MGs) under uncertainty. The risk-based hybrid DRP is presented to reduce both operational costs and uncertainty effect using demand response elasticity. The problem is formulated as a two-stage optimization that considers not only the expected operation costs but also risk expense of uncertainty. To address the optimization problem, an improved multi-layer artificial bee colony (IML-ABC) is incorporated into the MG operation. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a numerical analysis based on a typical low-voltage grid-connected MG. As a result, the proposed approach can reduce the operation costs which are taken into account uncertainty in MG. Therefore, the two-stage optimal operation considering uncertainty has been sufficiently helpful for microgrid operators (MGOs) to make risk-based decisions.
Supercritical Dioxane Extraction of Spruce Wood and of Dioxane-Lignin and Comparison of the Extracts with the Pyrolysis Products

Abstract Samples of spruce wood and of dioxane-lignin prepared from spruce wood were subjected to supercritical dioxane extraction at 330 C. To compare the yield and the nature of the compounds present in distillate obtained upon pyrolysis to those of supercritical gas extract, the same samples were pyrolysed at 340°C. The extracts and distillates were separated into three fractions by solvent fractionation using hexane and benzene successively. The simpler compounds were identified by GC/MS and the yields of phenols were compared. More complex compounds insoluble both in hexane and benzene have been characterized by 1H NMR spectrometry. It was found that the supercritical extracts and the pyrolysis distillates contained similar compounds; however, demethoxylation during pyrolysis was extensive compared to supercritical gas extraction which occurred under rather mild conditions.
User Coordination for Fast Beam Training in FDD Multi-User Massive MIMO

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) communications are one of the enabling technologies of 5G and beyond networks. While prior work indicates that mMIMO networks employing time division duplexing have a significant capacity growth potential, deploying mMIMO in frequency division duplexing (FDD) networks remains problematic. The two main difficulties in FDD networks are the scalability of the downlink reference signals and the overhead associated with the required uplink feedback for channel state information (CSI) acquisition. To address these difficulties, most existing methods utilize assumptions on the radio environment such as channel sparsity or angular reciprocity. In this work, we propose a novel cooperative method for a scalable and low-overhead approach to FDD mMIMO under the so-called grid-of-beams architecture. The key idea behind our scheme lies in the exploitation of the near-common signal propagation paths that are often found across several mobile users located in nearby regions, through a coordination mechanism. In doing so, we leverage the recently specified device-to-device communications capability in 5G networks. Specifically, we design beam selection algorithms capable of striking a balance between CSI acquisition overhead and multi-user interference mitigation. The selection exploits statistical information, through so-called covariance shaping. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, which prove particularly well-suited to rapidly-varying channels with short coherence time.
End-to-end Generative Floor-plan and Layout with Attributes and Relation Graph

In this paper, we propose an end-end model for producing furniture layout for interior scene synthesis from the random vector. This proposed model is aimed to support professional interior designers to produce the interior decoration solutions more quickly. The proposed model combines a conditional floor-plan module of the room, a conditional graphical floor-plan module of the room and a conditional layout module. As compared with the prior work on scene synthesis, our proposed three modules enhance the ability of auto-layout generation given the dimensional category of the room. We conduct our experiments on the proposed real-world interior layout dataset that contains $191208$ designs from the professional designers. Our numerical results demonstrate that the proposed model yields higher-quality layouts in comparison with the state-of-the-art model. The dataset and code are released \href{this https URL}{Dataset,Code}
Ultrasensitive determination of amoxicillin using chemiluminescence with flow injection analysis

Results presented here reveal that amoxicillin can greatly enhance the chemiluminescence intensity generated from the reaction between luminol and hydrogen peroxide. The increment chemiluminescence signal was linearly dependent on amoxicillin concentration in the range from 10 pg·ml −1 to 2n g·ml −1 (r 2 = 0.9978) offering a detection limit as low as 3.5 pg·ml −1 (3σ). At a flow rate of 2.0 ml·min −1 , one analysis cycle, including sampling and washing, can be accomplished in 20 s with a relative standard deviation of less than 5%. The sensitive flow injection method was applied successfully to determine of amoxicillin in pharmaceutical preparations, human urine and serum without any pretreatment procedure, with recovery from 90.0% to 110.0% and relative standard deviations of less than 5.0%.
Hardware-in-the-Loop Implementation of Projectile Target Search Algorithm for Selective Harmonic Elimination in a 3-Phase Multilevel Converter

Multilevel converters (MLCs) are extensively used in medium- and high-power applications. Currently, MLCs are also used in grid integration of renewable sources of energy. In this paper a three-phase 11-level MLC topology is investigated which requires a smaller number of active switches compared to similar existing topologies for the same number of levels. In order to eliminate lower order harmonics, selective harmonic elimination (SHE) pulse width modulation technique is used. A projectile target search (PTS) algorithm is used to solve nonlinear SHE equations to determine the optimum values of switching angles to eliminate 5th, 7th, 11th and 13th harmonics from the converter output voltage. The PTS algorithm finds the best value of switching angles for different modulation indices (M) and these values are used in simulating the converter for eliminating lower order harmonics. Total harmonic distortion (THD) analysis is conducted for PTS optimization techniques at different modulation index. Simulation results are verified by hardware-in-the-loop test of the proposed three-phase converter using a Typhoon HIL-402 emulator.
Design of a Broadband Circularly Polarized Antenna by Using Axial Ratio Contour

A novel method of using axial ratio (AR) contour to design a broadband circularly polarized (CP) antenna is presented in this letter. By resolving a radiated CP wave into two orthogonal far-field components, the resulted AR will be determined by the radiated power and phase differences between the two orthogonal components. Therefore, a series of AR contours can be obtained for different AR values of the radiated wave. In the AR contour, details of phase advance, phase lag, power advance, and power lag can be simultaneously observed along with the resulted AR. Based on these analyses, the AR contour is first utilized to directly design a broadband CP antenna instead of using the traditional AR versus frequency curve to achieve optimal AR bandwidth. Compared to the traditional AR curve, the method of using AR contour to design CP antenna is more effective and informative. The designed broadband CP antenna was also fabricated and measured for the final performance verification.
Patterns and Drivers in Counts of Migratory Raptors at Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, USA

vii LIST OF TABLES . xii LIST OF FIGURES . xiii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xv CHAPTER ONE: SHARED FUNCTIONAL TRAITS EXPLAIN SYNCHRONOUS LONG-TERM TRENDS IN COUNTS OF MIGRATORY RAPTORS . 1 Abstract . 1.
Simultaneous Determination of Endogenous Antioxidants and Malondialdehyde by RP-HPLC Coupled with Electrochemical Detector in Serum Samples

A new method has been developed and validated based on high-performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of endogenous aminothiols (cystine, cysteine, homocystiene, methionine, reduced and oxidized glutathione, N-acetylcysteine), ascorbic acid, and malondialdehyde in single elution using electrochemical detector kept at 900 mV electrode potential on Discovery 250 mm C18 RP chromatographic column. The elution time was 20 min, using flow rate of 0.6 mL/min, injecting 5 µL sample for analysis after extraction. The method was validated according to standard guidelines for accuracy, linearity, specificity, reproducibility, limit of detection and limit of quantification and was successfully applied to serum samples of healthy animal model. The analytes were determined using dilution method and values were calculated in mmol/L. This method can be applied to clinical pathologies related to oxidative stress and metabolic syndromes for assessment of severity and facilitate in developing a correlation between the endogenous antioxidant capacities with exogenous antioxidant interventions.
Viscosities of binary mixtures of toluene with butan-1-ol and 2-methylpropan-2-ol

The viscosities of binary liquid mixtures of toluene with butan-1-ol and 2-methylpropan-2-ol have been determined at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K over the whole concentration range. The Hind, Grunberg-Nissan, Wijk, Auslander and McAllister models were used to calculate the viscosity coefficients and these were compared with the experimental data for the mixtures. Excess vis- cosities were also calculated and fitted to the Redlich-Kister equation. Various ther- modynamic properties of viscous flow activation were determined and their varia- tions with composition are discussed.
Design and Optimization of a Novel Dual-PM Machine for Electric Vehicle Applications

This paper proposes a novel direct-drive dual-PM motor for electric automatic guided vehicles (AGV). The proposed motor has split teeth on stator and dual PMs in stator and rotor sides, which contributes to reduced torque ripple, and enhanced torque. The airgap field of the proposed motor is analyzed theoretically, and the slot/pole selection guide line is concluded. The simulation results of the airgap flux density are shown and Fourier Transformation (FFT) analysis results agree well with the theoretically analyses results. Besides, the effects of design parameters of the proposed motor to the performances of the proposed motor are investigated. And it is found that reduced slot open could produce improved efficiency and decreased torque ripple. The efficiency of the proposed motor is relatively high within the operation range. A corresponding prototype is fabricated and the experiment validates the design.
Proton and Methanol Transport in Poly(perfluorosulfonate) Membranes Containing Cs + and H + Cations

Poly(perfluorosulfonate acid) membranes were doped with cesium ions to several degrees. These, along with the H{sup +}-form membrane, were investigated in relation to methanol permeability as well as hydrogen ion conductivity. While retaining considerable conductivity, the cesium-doped membranes are highly impermeable to methanol. The author found that methanol permeability in the membrane reduced by over one order of magnitude, owing to the presence of cesium ions. These findings are discussed on the basis of alterations produced by cesium in the membrane microstructure. Also discussed is the potential implication of these results in the direct methanol fuel cell technology.
Self‐Assembled Monolayers on Gold Nanoparticles

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of n-alkanethiolates on gold, silver, and copper have been intensively studied both as model organic surfaces and as modulators of metal surface properties. Sensitivity restrictions imposed by monolayer coverage and the low surface area of planar metal substrates, however, limit the characterization of these films in molecular terms to surface enhancement techniques. As a result, key aspects such as film dynamics and alkyl chain ordering remain ill-defined. The characterization of the thermal behaviour of SAMs is important not only for the design of stable, well-ordered organic superlattices, but also for the fundamental understanding of the factors that drive molecular interactions in two dimensions. Phase properties in SAMs have been addressed here through the synthesis of gold nanoparticles of 20–30 A in diameter and fully covered with alkylthiol chains. These thiolmodified gold nanoparticles with large surface areas have enabled the monolayer film structure to be uniquely characterized by transmission FT-IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Our studies reveal that for long-chain thiols (≥ C16), the alkyl chains exist predominantly in an extended, all-trans ordered conformation at 25°C. Furthermore, calorimetry, variable temperature transmission FT-IR spectroscopy, and solid-state 13C NMR studies have established that a cooperative chain melting process occurs in these alkylated metal colloids. How this arises is not immediately evident, given the relation between the extended chain conformation and the geometry of the spherical nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals that adjacent gold particles are separated by approximately one chain length; this suggests that chain ordering arises from an interdigitation of chains on neighboring particles. The thermotropic behavior is sensitive to the alkyl chain length and chain packing density. The alkylated nanoparticles can thus serve as a highly dispersed analogue to the much-studied planar SAMs.
Persistence of quinalphos and triazophos residues in capsicum

In the present study quinalphos and triazophos was applied twice @ 500 and 250 g a.i.ha-1 separately on capsicum field to assess the dissipation behavior of two insecticides. Samples were collected periodically as per set schedule for residue analysis. Residues of these two insecticides were estimated on GC-MS/MS. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of quinalphos and triazophos was found to be 0.01 and 0.05 mg kg-1. Residues of quinalphos and triazophos reached below LOQ on 5th and 7th day after last spray. Dissipation behavior follows the first order kinetics with half-life (t1/2) 0.86 days and 1.43 days for quinalphos and triazophos, respectively.
Grating-Coupled Surface Plasmon for Measuring the Refractive Index of a Liquid Sample

We propose a technique for measuring the refractive index of a liquid sample through the use of a grating-coupled surface plasmon. The surface plasmon is excited on the metallic grating by an incident optical beam. The liquid sample is placed in contact with the grating, and its refractive index is determined from the dependence of the plasmon excitation angle on the refractive index value. The effects of the grating groove pitch and depth on the measured value of the refractive index are analyzed using the mode-matching method. Experimental results are presented for water and ethanol samples.
Enhancement of electron mobility in asymmetric coupled quantum well structures

We study the low temperature multisubband electron mobility in a structurally asymmetric GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs delta doped double quantum well. We calculate the subband energy levels and wave functions through selfconsistent solution of the coupled Schrodinger equation and Poisson's equation. We consider ionized impurity scattering, interface roughness scattering, and alloy disorder scattering to calculate the electron mobility. The screening of the scattering potentials is obtained by using static dielectric response function formalism within the random phase approximation. We analyze, for the first time, the effect of asymmetric structure parameters on the enhancement of multisubband electron mobility through intersubband interactions. We show that the asymmetric variation of well width, doping concentration, and spacer width considerably influences the interplay of scattering mechanisms on mobility. Our results of asymmetry induced enhancement of electron mobility can be utilized for low temperature device a.
Highly efficient deep-blue organic electroluminescent devices (CIEy ≈ 0.08) doped with fluorinated 9,9′-bianthracene derivatives (fluorophores)

A series of new fluorinated 9,9′-bianthracene derivatives (BAnFs) have been designed and synthesized to serve as deep-blue dopants in organic electroluminescent (EL) devices. With the different substitution patterns of the electron-withdrawing groups, such as F and CF3, the photophysical properties, the energy levels and thermal stability of these BAnFs are tuned, which are supported by a density functional study of their geometry and electronic structure. In the thin film state, the fluorescent emissions of the BAnFs are fine-tuned from 448 to 439 nm, with varied fluorinated phenyl rings attached to the 9,9′-bianthracene core. All the BAnFs show a considerable thermal stability, which have high Tg values, above 150 °C. A pure blue emission at the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates (0.156, 0.083), has been achieved using the host 4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)biphenyl (CBP) doped with 10,10′-bis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-9,9′-bianthracene (BAn-(3,5)-CF3). The maximum current efficiency and power efficiency of the BAn-(3,5)-CF3-doped device are 3.05 cd A−1 and 2.62 lm W−1, corresponding to 5.02% of the maximum external quantum efficiency. The synthesized new fluorinated 9,9′-bianthracene derivatives show potential applications as highly efficient pure blue emitters for organic light emitting devices.