Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Skeletal Age of Down Syndrome Individuals

Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome and the most likely cause is non-disjunction occurring during gametogenesis (meiosis). It was first described in 1866 by a British physician named John Langdon Down and it is also known as trisomy 21 and trisomy G. This syndrome is the most common congenital mental disability and affects individuals independent of social status or ethnic group. (Jensen et al., 1973; Coe et al., 1999; Oliveira, 2001) The incidence of Down syndrome ranges between 1 in 600 and 1 in 350 live births. (Mustacchi & Rozoni 1990, Moraes 2007c) There are around 184.000 people with DS in Brazil and over 5.8 million people in the world. The DS involves a set of signs that characterize a delay in the pre-natal and post-natal development, mental and general alterations with stature values observed to be generally below the normal standards. Regarding mental aspects, the average of intelligence quotient (IQ) in DS individuals are around 36.5. (Coelho & Loevy, 1982; Mustacchi & Rozone, 1990; Rey, 1991; Hayes & Batshaw, 1993; Moraes, 2002; Schwartzman, 2003; Barata & Branco, 2010) The general alterations involved slanting eyes, almond-shape, plica palpebronasalis (epicanthus), strabismus, myopia; flattening of the nose bridge, small, short nose with broad nasal bridge, pug nose; lop with flat or absent helix of the ears, auricles with a low implantation; wide and short neck with abundant skin; wide hands and short fingers; clinodactyly; brachydactyly; muscular hypotony and atlanto-axial instability (Ali 2006; Moraes, 2007c). They also can present dove-like chest, small genitalia, alterations of motor coordination, obesity, short stature (Cohen & Winer, 1965) thyroid diseases. Individuals with DS are more susceptible to leukemia and other types of malignant than the population at large. (Hill et al., 2003) The systemic alterations with special dental significance in DS patients are congenital cardiopathy, pneumonia, allergy, bronchitis, tonsillitis, convulsion and blood dyscrasia. (Mariano et al., 1999; Pilcher, 1998; Ribeiro et al., 2003) The degree of systemic problems varies from individual to individual. (Jara 1993) Some people may have all the alterations, while others may have only a few of the problems. (Nadel, 2003; Mustacchi & Rozone, 1990) The facial features of DS individuals include brachycephaly (condition where the head is disproportionately wide), hypotonic facial muscles, with a flat profile, normodivergent vertical pattern, lip incompetence, an ogival and deep hard palate, (Higa & VargasMachuca, 2004), and Class II malocclusion (Cohen & Winer, 1965). It is possible to observe
Modelling and Simulation of Non Linear Tank

This paper describes a nonlinear model of conical tank level control system and real time system designs are analysed and their implementation in SIMULINK is outlined. Level control of a conical tank is a complex issue because of the nonlinear nature of the tank. For each stable operating point, a First Order Process model was identified using process reaction curve method; the Control is done and comparison of the synthesis method and skogestad method is clarified.
A Survey of Image Processing Techniques for Identification and Tracking of Objects from a Video Sequence

Visual surveillance is an emerging research topic in image processing. This paper discusses about various image processing techniques and tools which are available for identification and tracking of moving objects in a crowd. In general, the processing framework of visual surveillance task includes the following stages: detection of moving objects, their classification, tracking, and identification of the behavior. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the techniques for object detection and tracking as well as some insights to the behavior of the crowd. Object detection and tracking algorithms can be proactively used to respond to accidents, crime, suspicious activities, terrorism, and may provide insights to improve evacuation planning and real-time situation awareness during public disturbances. For the visual surveillance task, the virtual analyst has to work on the information provided by the detection and tracking segment of the system and based on that, it has to discover some interesting patterns within a crowd.
Similarity All-Known Particle/Resonance Mass and Nuclear Atomic Weight

We showed in possibility processes of elementary particles and resonances electroproduction on a threshold of spin shock-waves forming in accelerated beams of ions of some stable chemical elements.There is generalization of recently discovering of the simple fact of proportionality between all elementary particles masses and 24 resonance masses in one side and nuclei masses in another side with some constant coefficient to all-known elementary particles and resonances masses including Higgs’s boson. However, this simple fact in itself was a complete misunderstanding of the theorists, which that divided his subjects. However, there is аn active developing area in which data subjects intersect. It is a process of the hypernucleus and supernucleus production. A hypernucleus (supernucleus) is a nucleus which contains at least one hyperon (hadron) in addition to nucleons. A reader finds here original researches and review papers that explore these and relevant themes, including the space anisotropy detecting questions in the Solar system, the Galaxy and the Universe.
The Choice of Tillage, Rotation, and Soil Testing Practices: Economic and Environmental Implications

The management practices farmers choose have significant effect on agricultural pollution. The authors analyze the adoption of alternative combinations of conservation practices and their impacts on fertilizer use, corn yield, and soil erosion in the Central Nebraska Basin, using a polychotomous-choice selectivity model. The results suggest that soil N testing and corn-legume rotation complement each other, but that the interaction between conservation tillage and rotation is more complicated.
A genetic approach to the identification of new components regulating development in Arabidopsis thaliana

Two new genes involved in important processes of plant development were identified in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The genes were isolated from mutants generated through insertional mutagenesis based on a transposon tagging approach.The first gene, ALB3, was isolated through the identification of the mutant albino3 (alb3), displaying severe defects in pigmentation and chloroplast biogenesis. The ALB3 protein shows sequence similarity to a yeast protein, OXA1, which is required in the mitochondria for proper assembly of the cytochrome oxidase complex. As ALB3 is localised in thylakoid membranes, we suggest that the ALB3 protein acts in the assembly of thylakoid membrane protein complexes and thereby is crucial for proper chloroplast development and function.The second gene, SHI, was identified through the short internodes (shi) mutation, a dwarfing mutation conferring a phenotype similar to mutants defective in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone gibberellin (GA). However, the shi mutant is unable to elongate following treatment with exogenous GA, which indicates that shi is defective in the response to GA. The level of active GA is elevated in the shi mutant, which is the expected result of reduced feedback control of GA biosynthesis. As the shi mutant phenotype is the result of overexpression of the SHI gene, we suggest that the SHI protein is a component of the GA signalling pathway, possibly acting as a repressor of GA-induced cell elongation.Sequence similarity database searches revealed that the SHI gene belongs to a new Arabidopsis gene family comprising at least eight members (SHI, LRP1, and SRS1 to SRS6). These genes encode regulatory proteins containing a putative zinc-binding RING finger-like domain. We have cloned SRS1 and SRS2, and have shown by overexpression of these genes in transgenic Arabidopsis that their gene products might function in similar processes as SHI.
THE IMPACT OF EFT AND MATRIX REIMPRINTING ON THE CIVILIAN SURVIVORS OF WAR IN BOSNIA: A PILOT STUDY

A pilot study was carried out to establish the feas ibility and effectiveness of Matrix Reimprinting (M R) in treating post traumatic stress symptoms in civilian survivors of the war in Bosnia. Two Healing Hands Network Centres in Bosnia in Sarajevo and Hadzici. Clients accessing the Healing Hands Network in Bosnia were invited to participate in the pilot stu dy of MR. At the start and end of their treatment, clients were asked to complete a modified version of the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Checklist (PCL-C; Blanchard et al ., 1996) at baseline, immediately after the two week MR intervention and then at 4 weeks follow-up. Eight een clients were included MR pilot study. There was a s ignificant reduction in the mean scores from baseli ne to immediately post intervention (p = 0.009) and again at the 4 week follow-up (p = 0.005). The size of t he immediate effect was sustained at follow-up (p = 0. 65). The qualitative analysis (via. an evaluation f orm at four weeks follow-up) identified the following four them es: Theme 1: Physical and psychological changes Theme 2: The strength to move on and to self-care T heme 3: Rapport with the MR Practitioners Theme 4: Recommending it for others. Despite the limited sample size, significant improvements were shown. The qualitative and quantitative results support the po tential of MR as an effective treatment for post tr aumatic stress symptoms. Further controlled studies are req uired.
Modelling a linear PM motor including magnetic saturation

The use of linear permanent-magnet (PM) actuators increases in a wide variety of applications because of the high force density, robustness and accuracy. The paper describes the modelling of a linear PM motor applied in, for example, wafer steppers, including magnetic saturation. This is important because to reach high performance, the feedforward control must predict the force generated by the motor, also when the motor is saturated. The motor is modelled as a reluctance network. The saturating parts of the magnetic circuit are modelled as variable reluctances and magnetomotive forces represent the currents and the magnets. In saturation, a current leading the no-load voltage results in an increase of the generated force. The good correlation between the calculated and the measured force justifies the model.
THE COMPLEX COMPUTER SYSTEM BASED ON CELLULAR AUTOM ATA METHOD DESIGNED TO SUPPORT MODELLING OF LAMINAR COOLING PROCESSES

The user friendly computer system that have the cap ability of modelling material behaviour both at the macro and micro scales was developed in this work. The sy stem was designed to predict microstructure evoluti on during phase transformation in laminar cooling cond itions with the use of the multi scale cellular aut omata finite element (CAFE) model. The finite element (FE) part is based on the conventional Fourier type equation and is used to predict macroscopic temperature distributio n. This is an input for the micro scale cellular au tomata (CA) model of austenite-ferrite phase transformation. To facilitate the research, proposed micro scale CA model was implemented within developed universal object-oriented programming framework CAF. Description of major assumptions and functionality of the developed numerical system including efficient Graphical User Int erface (GUI) is presented in the paper. The intuitive visu alization of data obtained in different length scal es facilitates work with the software.
Synergistic Effects of Sublethal Concentrations of Cadmium and Zinc on Mortality, Growth and on Gills and Hepatopancreas Histological Structure of Litopenaeus vannamei Postlarvae

Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae were exposed during 4 weeks to progressively increasing sublethal concentrations of cadmium and zinc (Cd: 8.8, 24, 72 and 216 μg L, Zn: 81, 160, 320 and 640 μg L), used alone or in mixture, in order to evaluate their joint effect on survival and growth, and on the histological structure of hepatopancreas and gills of the exposed organisms. After exposure to single metals there were no differences between control and treatments in survival and growth, while survival was significantly lower with the highest concentration of the mixture. Growth was also affected and showed a significant dose-related response. No histopathologies were observed in gills of shrimps exposed to single metals, while their hepatopancreas showed moderate to severe changes during the first three weeks. With the mixture, moderate edemas were present in gills lacunae and the hepatopancreas had sloughing of epithelial cells until the third week, but no histological alterations were evident by the end of the experiment. The results of this study show a synergistic effect of the mixture Cd + Zn on survival, growth and histological structure of hepatopancreas and gills of the Pacific white shrimp L. vannamei.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Groundwater Recharge Trends and Variability in Northern Taiwan

In this study, the base flow estimation method was used to assess long‐term changes of groundwater recharge in Northern Taiwan. The Mann‐Kendall test was used to examine the characteristics of the trends. This was followed by trend slope calculation and change‐point analysis. The annual groundwater recharge was found to exhibit a significant upward trend for the Fushan and Hengxi stations (Tamsui river basin). On the other hand, the Ximen Bridge station (Lanyang river basin) recorded a significant downward trend. Calculations showed that the rate of change for the Fengshan and Touqian river basins was small (less than 10%). However, that for the following stations was greater than 30%: Fushan, Hengxi, Ximen Bridge, and Niudou (also in the Lanyang river basin). The results of the change‐point analysis further indicated a significant change‐point for the annual recharge at Fushan, Hengxi, and Ximen Bridge stations in 1999, 1983, and 2001, respectively. The findings can be used for regional hydrological studies and as reference for water resource planning.
2-D DOA Estimation of LFM Signals for UCA Based on Time-Frequency Multiple Invariance ESPRIT

In order to improve the angle measurement precision with a low computational complexity, a 2-D direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm UCA-TF-MI-ESPRIT is proposed in this paper. This algorithm is based on the mode space algorithm and the time-frequency (TF) multiple invariance rotational invariance technique (MI-ESPRIT). Firstly, a uniform circular array (UCA) is equivalent to a virtual uniform linear array (ULA) by utilizing mode-space algorithm. Then, the smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution (SPWVD) of the ULA output is calculated. The spatial time-frequency matrix can be obtained through the average of multiple time-frequency points in the time-frequency plane, and the signal subspace can also be obtained through using eigen decomposition. Then a simple and effective subarray dividing approach is proposed, and the multiple rotational invariant equation of the array is obtained by using the Bessel function. Finally, the closed-form solution is obtained using multi-leastsquares (MLS) criterion so that the 2-D DOA estimation of LFM signals in UCA is completed. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the algorithm proposed by this paper.
Ultrasensitive graphene coated SPR sensor for biosensing applications

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a rapid and sensitive technique used for probing the biomolecular interactions in real time. Several new approaches have been suggested to improve the sensitivity of SPR sensors over the last two decades. Most of them are based on creating or patterning nanostructures/nanomaterials in order to enhance the sensitivity. Graphene offers several advantages due to its special optical and structural properties. Herein, we propose a new angular interrogated dual wavelength based differential detection approach for graphene based SPR sensing to increase the sensitivity. Reflectivity of the p-polarized incident light has been calculated using the N-layer model for the most common Kretschmann configuration. Sensitivity of the SPR with and without graphene layers has been calculated for single and dual wavelength based approaches. Computational results show that the proposed graphene SPR sensor has (1 + 0.4 L) η times higher sensitivity than the conventional gold thin film based SPR sensors. Further, increasing the number of graphene layers, L, improves the sensitivity. Where, η represents the enhanced sensitivity due to increased binding/adsorption of biomolecules on graphene over a gold thin film. Sensitivity analysis has been carried out for a refractive index (Δn) = 0.005 with L = 1 to 10.
Solution of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow problems using meshless Radial Basis Function method

Solution of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Problems Using Meshless Radial Basis Function Method by Nagamani Devi Kalla Dr. Darrell Pepper, Examination Committee Chair Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Nevada, Las Vegas In the past, the world of numerical solutions for Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow problems has been dominated by Finite Element Method, Finite Difference Method, Finite Volume Method, and more recently the Boundary Element Method. These methods revolve around using a mesh or grid to solve problems. However, problems with irregular boundaries and domains can be difficult to properly discretize. In this thesis, heat transfer and fluid flow problems are solved using Radial Basis Functions. This method is meshless, easy to understand, and even easier to implement. Radial Basis Functions are used to solve lid-driven cavity flow, natural convection in a square enclosure, flow with forced convection over backward facing step and flow over an airfoil. Codes are developed using MATLAB. The results are compared with COMSOL and FLUENT, two popular commercial codes widely used. COMSOL is a finite element model while FLUENT is a finite volume-based code.
Simulated warm polar currents during the middle Permian

[1] During Permian stage 6 (Wordian, Kazanian) the Pangaean supercontinent was surrounded by a superocean: Panthalassa. An ocean general circulation model has been coupled to an atmospheric energy balance model to simulate the sensitivity of the Wordian climate (∼265 million years ago) to changes in greenhouse gas concentrations, high-latitude geography, and Earth orbital configurations. The model simulates significantly different circulation features with different levels of greenhouse gas forcing, ranging from a strong meridional overturning circulation in the Southern Hemisphere at low CO2 concentration (present level) to more symmetric overturning circulation cells with deep water formation in polar latitudes of both hemispheres at high CO2 concentration (8 times present level). The simulated climate with 4 times present level CO2 concentration agrees generally well with climate-sensitive sediments and phytogeographic patterns. The model simulates strong subtropical gyres with similarities to the modern South Pacific circulation and moderate surface temperatures on the southern continent Gondwana, resulting from a strong poleward heat transport in the ocean. An even more moderate climate is generated if high-latitude land is removed from the southern continent so that ocean currents can penetrate into the polar regions of Gondwana.
A Framework for Optimization, Service Placement, and Runtime Operation in the Fog

Fog computing provides a paradigm for executing Internet of Things services. Enabling the coordinated cooperation among computational, storage, and networking resources in the fog can be challenging due to the volatility of resources. For this reason, we design an architecture and implement a representative framework called FogFrame that defines the necessary communication mechanisms for instantiating and maintaining service execution in the fog. To evaluate our approach, we conduct a series of experiments that show how service placement, deployment, and execution is performed by the framework, and how the framework operates at runtime, i.e., adapts to changes in the available resources, balances the workload and recovers from resource failures and overloads.
Extraction of Piperine from Piper nigrum (Black Pepper) by Hydrotropic Solubilization

Hydrotropes, such as sodium alkyl benzene sulfonates and sodium butyl monoglycol sulfate, were used for the selective extraction of piperine by cell permeabilization of Piper nigrum fruits. Penetration of the hydrotrope molecules into the cellular structures and subsequent cell permeabilization were hypothesized to explain the enhanced extraction rates of aqueous hydrotrope solutions. Hydrotrope molecules, after adsorption on a cell wall, cause disorder in its structure and in the bilayered cell membrane to facilitate the rapid extraction of piperine. The hydrotrope solution showed selective and rapid extraction of piperine from black pepper. The recovered piperine was ∼90% pure and substantially free from oleoresins. The type and nature of the hydrotrope, the hydrotrope concentration, the temperature, and the particle size all had significant effects on the extraction process.
Academic Self-efficacy and Academic Procrastination: Exploring the Mediating Role of Academic Motivation in Turkish University Students

The aim of this study has been to investigate the relationships among academic self-efficacy, academic motivation, and academic procrastination. The study has further delved into the question of whether academic motivation mediates the relationship between self-efficacy and academic procrastination. In order to investigate such links, three hundred and nineteen university students (218 females and 101 males) enrolled in the education faculty of a private university in Istanbul, Turkey, offered data. For data collection, the Aitken Procrastination Inventory, Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, and Academic Motivation Scale have been used. The results of the study indicate that academic motivation partially mediate the relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic procrastination.
Factors influencing the infant feeding choices of HIV-positive mothers at a level two hospital in Cape Town

Background/Aims: Following the decision by the South African Department of Health in 2012 to withdraw the provision of free infant formula milk to HIV-exposed infants, policy makers have grappled with the need to develop guidelines to help HIV-positive mothers decide whether they should breastfeed their babies. The objectives of this study were to assess the infant feeding choices of HIV-positive mothers and to determine factors influencing their behaviours prior to the process of withdrawing the provision of free infant formula milk. Methods: A quantitative approach was employed in this study, including the use of a survey to collect descriptive data on a consecutive sample (n=100). Data analysis was carried out using the IBM SPSS Version 20. Results: More than half (54%) of the participants indicated that their infants were exclusively breastfed, and 46% of the participants reported exclusively formula feeding. There was no statistical difference between both groups with regards to: race; employment sta.