Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Loss of Predator Discrimination by Critically Endangered Vancouver Island Marmots Within Five Generations of Breeding for Release

Conservation translocations, which involve the intentional movement and release of organisms for conservation benefit, are increasingly required to recover species of conservation concern. In order to maximize post-release survival, and to accomplish conservation translocation objectives, animals must exhibit behaviors that facilitate survival in the wild. The Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis) is a critically endangered endemic in Canada which has been captive-bred for 24 years for reintroductions and reinforcements that have increased the wild population from ~30 to more than 200 individuals. Despite this success many marmots are killed by predators after release and predation represents a major hurdle to full marmot recovery. To better understand if captive-bred marmots are prepared for the novel environment into which they will be released, and to determine whether such suitability changes over time, we presented taxidermy mounts of mammalian predators and non-predators to marmots that were wild-caught, and captive born for between one and five generations. We also examined mortality of offspring from marmots we tested that had been released to the wild. A minimum of 43% of offspring were killed by predators in the wild over 17 years, most by cougars. Marmots in captivity generally responded to taxidermy mounts by decreasing foraging and increasing vigilance, and overall responded more strongly to predators than non-predators, especially wolves. However, marmots in captivity for more than two generations lacked discrimination between cougars, non-predators, and controls, suggesting a rapid loss of predator recognition. This study was only possible because predator-recognition trials were initiated early in the conservation translocation program, and could then be repeated after a number of generations. The finding that changes occurred relatively rapidly (within five generations during which changes in genetic diversity were negligible) suggests that behavioral suitability may deteriorate more rapidly than genetics would suggest. Strategies addressing potential behavior loss should be considered, including sourcing additional wild individuals or pre-release training of captive-born individuals. Subsequently, post-release survival should be monitored to determine the efficacy of behavior-optimization strategies.
Modelling Lexicographic Resources using CIDOC-CRM, FRBRoo and Ontolex-Lemon

The article describes a new approach to the modelling and publication of lexicographic resources, including retro-digitised dictionaries, as linked data. This approach is based on the use of the CIDOC-CRM aligned FRBRoo ontology together with the Ontolex-Lemon vocabulary and its follow up lexicographic module, lexicog . After introducing the TEI-based distinction between diﬀerent views on lexicographic resources, we discuss Ontolex-Lemon and CIDOC-CRM and FRBRoo. Next, we look at some motivating use cases before introducing our approach. Finally, we model one of these use cases in more depth using this approach.
Dietary nitrate supplementation to enhance exercise capacity in hypoxic COPD: EDEN-OX, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised cross-over study

Rationale Dietary nitrate supplementation improves skeletal muscle oxygen utilisation and vascular endothelial function. We hypothesised that these effects might be sufficient to improve exercise performance in patients with COPD and hypoxia severe enough to require supplemental oxygen. Methods We conducted a single-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, enrolling adults with COPD who were established users of long-term oxygen therapy. Participants performed an endurance shuttle walk test, using their prescribed oxygen, 3 hours after consuming either 140 mL of nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BRJ) (12.9 mmol nitrate) or placebo (nitrate-depleted BRJ). Treatment order was allocated (1:1) by computer-generated block randomisation. Measurements The primary outcome was endurance shuttle walk test time. The secondary outcomes included area under the curve to isotime for fingertip oxygen saturation and heart rate parameters during the test, blood pressure, and endothelial function assessed using flow-mediated dilatation. Plasma nitrate and nitrite levels as well as FENO were also measured. Main results 20 participants were recruited and all completed the study. Nitrate-rich BRJ supplementation prolonged exercise endurance time in all participants as compared with placebo: median (IQR) 194.6 (147.5–411.7) s vs 159.1 (121.9–298.5) s, estimated treatment effect 62 (33–106) s (p<0.0001). Supplementation also improved endothelial function: NR-BRJ group +4.1% (−1.1% to 14.8%) vs placebo BRJ group −5.0% (−10.6% to –0.6%) (p=0.0003). Conclusion Acute dietary nitrate supplementation increases exercise endurance in patients with COPD who require supplemental oxygen. Trial registration number ISRCTN14888729.
Influence of renal impairment on clinical outcomes after endovascular recanalization in vertebrobasilar artery occlusions

Background Renal impairment (RI) is associated with worse outcomes in the treatment of intravenous thrombolysis and emergent endovascular treatment (EVT) in anterior circulation stroke. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of RI with short-term and long-term outcomes in patients with vertebrobasilar artery occlusions (VBAO) who received EVT. Methods Consecutive patients with VBAO receiving EVT involving 21 stroke centers were retrospectively included. Multivariate regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of RI with mortality and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) during the hospital stay, and also mortality, favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–3), and functional improvement (shift in mRS score) at 3 months and 1 year follow-up. The association between RI and the risk of recurrent stroke was evaluated with multivariate competing-risk regression analyses. Results After adjustment for potential confounders, RI was independently associated with sICH (OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.55 to 7.18), as well as mortality (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.47 to 4.38; OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.72 to 8.08), favorable functional outcome (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.66; OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.51), and functional improvement (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.74; OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.60) at 3 months and 1 year follow-up, respectively, but RI was not associated with in-hospital mortality. Additionally, there was no significant association between RI and recurrent stroke within 1 year. Conclusions Our findings suggest that RI is associated with a higher risk of sICH in hospital and a decrease in survival, favorable functional outcome, and functional improvement at 90 days and 1 year follow-up. Trial registration number URL: http://www.chictr. org.cn/; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2000033211.
A Microstripline Slot Antenna (Short Papers)

A microstripline slot antenna is treated experimentally at X-band frequency. First, the input impedances of the slots for various geometries and the radiation patterns for the matched slots are measured. Second, the dependence of input impedances and radiation patterns on the slot-to-reflector spacing is tested. Finally, a two-dimensional X-band Dolph-Chebyshev slot-array antenna is designed and fabricated as an application of this type of slot.
A new approach to scalar and semivector mode analysis of optical waveguides

A new numerical method, based on the mapping to a molecular dynamics for extracting extreme eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenmodes, is applied for analyzing optical waveguides. We have utilized this method for the scalar and semivector mode analysis of arbitrary-shaped optical waveguides. The accuracy of the method is assessed for a graded slab-waveguides by comparing the result with analytical solutions. In addition, taking into account three well known rib-waveguides and a directional coupler as practical examples, the efficiency of our method is demonstrated. In comparison with results obtained by other numerical methods, it is shown that the method is very powerful for the analysis, modeling and optimum design of lossless optical waveguides.
Development of MOEMS technology in maskless lithography

Micro-opto-electro-mechanical-systems (MOEMS) have proven to be a facilitating technology in the lithography industry. Recently, there have been significant advancements in digital micromirror device (DMD) based maskless lithography. These advancements have been in the areas of throughput, resolution, accuracy, and cost reduction. This progression in digital micromirror evolution provides considerable opportunities to displace existing lithographic techniques. Precise control of the individual mircormirrors, including scrolling, and full utilization of the FPGA, have allowed DMD-based lithography systems to reach new levels of throughput and repeatability, while reducing production and warranty costs. Throughput levels have far surpassed scanning laser techniques. Chip level cooling technologies allow for higher incident power to be reliably distributed over larger areas of the substrate. Resolution roadmaps are in place to migrate from the current 2400dpi (11μm) to 4800dpi (5.3μm). Without the constraints of mask requirements, mask alignment, storage, and defect analysis are not required, thus increasing accuracy and reducing cost. This contribution will examine the advancements in and benefits of DMD based maskless lithography.
The charge equalizer-a new system to extend battery lifetime in photovoltaic systems, UPS and electric vehicles

Investigations of battery banks in photovoltaic systems, UPS and electric vehicles show that individualization of single cells due to different properties leads to premature failures of the whole battery. Single cell monitoring is no way to overcome this problem. The new "charge equalizer" (CHEQ) introduced in this paper keeps all cells in the same state of charge at all times by transferring energy between the cells. For different applications, specially suited implementations of this fundamental principle are shown. The main advantages of the CHEQ will be: protection against overcharging and deep discharging of individual cells, extension of lifetime, decrease of maintenance costs, availability of the full nominal capacity. <<ETX>>
Short-term hydrothermal scheduling part. I. Simulated annealing approach

The paper develops a short-term hydrothermal scheduling algorithm based on the simulated annealing technique. In the algorithm, the power balance constraint, total water discharge constraint, reservoir volume limits and constraints on the operation limits of the hydrothermal generator and the thermal generator are fully accounted for. The relative operation capacities of the hydroplant and the thermal plant are also considered. A relaxation method for checking the limits is proposed and included in the algorithm. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated through a test example.
Exploring the pre-entrepreneurial careers of high-technology entrepreneurs

The encouragement of high-technology entrepreneurship is an increasing focus of enterprise agency activities in growing numbers of developed economies. Universities are playing a role in the development of entrepreneurial capital through a range of initiatives and programmes targeted at enhancing levels of enterprise awareness and skills at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The effectiveness of such programmes is sometimes judged by the number of students starting a business when they graduate. This paper argues that such an approach fails to understand the nature of the pre-entrepreneurial career. Evidence is presented from a study of entrepreneurs in the electronics and software sectors, which demonstrates that sizeable numbers of firms are established by those in mid-career, after a significant time working as an employee. During this period, the entrepreneur gains knowledge and develops skills and networks, which facilitate the establishment of well-conceived and sustainable ventures. This paper suggests that secondary and tertiary education and workplace-based learning are complementary components in the development of would-be entrepreneurs, and that the numbers of individuals able to embark directly on an entrepreneurial venture will be very limited.
Tunable dipole antennas

The concept of extending the operating bandwidth of a dipole has been investigated, and two bandwidth extension approaches were studied. The first approach involves the use of parasitic elements to physically change the length of the dipole. The second approach involves capacitively loading a dipole via varactor diodes to produce a travelling-wave dipole. Results are reported for the parasitic approach, which produces a broadband or multifrequency structure. The multifrequency antenna is controlled by an applied bias voltage. Simulations of the antenna showed the relationship between the diode junction capacitance and the isolation between the active and nonactive regions of the dipole. <<ETX>>
DC Bus Voltage Control for a Distributed Power System

This paper addresses voltage control of distributed dc power systems. DC power systems have been discussed as a re- sult of the introduction of renewable, small-scale power generation units. Also, telecommunication power systems featuring UPS prop- erties might benefit from a broader introduction of dc power sys- tems. Droop control is utilized to distribute the load between the source converters. In order to make the loading of the source con- verters equal, in per unit, the voltage control algorithm for each converter has to be designed to act similar. The dc side capac- itor of each converter, needed for filtering, is also determined as a consequence. The root locus is investigated for varying dc bus impedance. It is found that the risk of entering converter over-mod- ulation is a stronger limitation than stability, at least for reasonable dc bus cable parameters. The stationary and dynamic properties during load variations are also investigated. The paper starts with an overview of the simulation model. Then the dc bus voltage controller utilized in the analysis is introduced. The simulation model parameters are given and the controller parameters are discussed. The root locus dependency
Microfabrication on a curved surface using 3D microlens array projection

Accurate three-dimensional microstructures on silicon or other substrates are becoming increasingly important for optical, electronic, biomedical and medical applications. Traditional microfabrication processes based on cleanroom lithography and dry or wet etching processes are essentially two-dimensional methods. In the past, complicated procedures were designed to create some three-dimensional microstructures; however, these processes were mainly used to create features on planar silicon wafer substrates using the bulk silicon machining technique. In a major departure from previous micromachining processes, a microfabrication process based on microlens projection is presented in this paper. The proposed microfabrication system will have the capabilities of a typical conventional micromachining process plus the unique true three-dimensional replication features based on microlenses that were created on a steep curved substrate. These microlenses were precisely fabricated with a specific pattern on the curved surface that can be used to create microstructures on a pre-defined nonplanar substrate where a layer of photoresist was spin coated. After proper exposure and development, the desired micro patterns are created on the photoresist layer. These micro features can eventually be replicated on the substrate via wet or dry etching processes. The results show that the fabricated three-dimensional microlens array has very high dimensional accuracy and the profile error is less than 6 µm over the entire surface.
Directed self-assembly process implementation in a 300mm pilot line environment

The patterning capability of the directed self-assembly (DSA) of a 42nm-pitch block copolymer on an 84nm-pitch guiding pattern was investigated in a 300mm pilot line environment. The chemoepitaxy guiding pattern was created by the IBM Almaden approach using brush materials in combination with an optional chemical slimming of the resist lines. Critical dimension (CD) uniformity, line-edge/line-width roughness (LER/LWR), and lithographic process window (PW) of the DSA process were characterized. CD rectification and LWR reduction were observed. The chemical slimming process was found to be effective in reducing pattern collapse, hence, slightly improving the DSA PW under over-dose conditions. However, the overall PW was found to be smaller than without using the slimming, due to a new failure mode at under-dose region.
LOCATION SELECTION OF CHARGING STATIONS FOR BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN AN URBAN AREA

2Every day countless miles are driven on the millions of miles of roads. This general trend continues to climb and it has led to an increasing demand in the diminishing oil supply and an increase in greenhouse gas production. Battery electric vehicles are emerging as an alternative to internal combustion engine based vehicles. As these vehicles enter the consumer market, the supporting infrastructure, such as charging stations, must be provided to reduce the driving range anxiety due to limited battery power and a long charging time. The readiness of this fundamental infrastructure is critical to the future market growth of such vehicles. The main objective of this paper is to determine the number of charging stations needed and the ideal locations to put them in order to meet the charging demand in an urban area. In this study, we developed a facility location model aided by a GIS based geometric reasoning method to help resolve the problem. By means of integrated modeling and mathematical optimization, it is demonstrated that the proposed model is capable of selecting proper locations for electric charging stations based on constraints in a given socioeconomic environment.
PDMS Based Thermopnuematic Peristaltic Micropump for Microfluidic Systems

A thermopnuematic peristaltic micropump for controlling micro litters of fluid was designed and fabricated from multi-stack PDMS structure on glass substrate. Pump structure consists of inlet and outlet, microchannel, three thermopneumatic actuation chambers, and three heaters. In microchannel, fluid is controlled and pumped by peristaltic motion of actuation diaphragm. Actuation diaphragm can bend up and down by exploiting air expansion that is induced by increasing heater temperature. The micropump characteristics were measured as a function of applied voltage and frequency. The flow rate was determined by periodically recording the motion of fluid at Nanoport output and computing flow volume from height difference between consecutive records. From the experiment, an optimum flow rate of 0.82 Pl/min is obtained under 14 V three-phase input voltages at 0.033 Hz operating frequency.
An octave-band MMIC active filter

The design, fabrication, and measurement of a GaAs monolithic, active bandpass filter with a passband from 4 to 8 GHz is described. The circuit uses a set of cascaded lumped- and distributed-element LC circuits isolated by a feedback amplifier to realize an equivalent fourth-order filter response. The final circuit was fabricated on a 3-mm*2-mm GaAs substrate. <<ETX>>
Enhanced wideband performance of coupled frequency selective surfaces using metaheuristics

This article presents a bandwidth optimization study of two coupled frequency selective surfaces (FSS). The optimization is performed in two steps. In the first step, a genetic algorithm is developed to synthesize two single FSS crossed dipoles with resonant frequencies equal to 9.5 and 10.5 GHz, to be used in a broadside coupled geometry, separated by an air gap. In the second step, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is developed to determine the optimal value for the air gap length to optimize the geometry bandwidth. Prototypes are fabricated and measured to validate the optimization study results for the two coupled FSS structure. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:711–715, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI: 10.1002/mop.27451
Theoretical prediction of mean field strength for urban mobile radio

Physical multipath propagation structure in urban areas is analyzed, showing ray-theoretical waves make a major contribution to a mean field strength on a street in a moderate-sized city. A computer-aided prediction system is used to calculate a mean field strength around an arbitrary receiving point on the ray-theoretical basis when building data are given. The prediction principle and the prototype prediction system are described. The predicted values are shown to exhibit appreciable agreement with the measured values, confirming the possibility of purely theoretical prediction. >
A Novel Perception Framework for Automatic Laparoscope Zoom Factor Control Using Tool Geometry

In conventional Minimally Invasive Surgery, the surgeon conducts the operation while a human or robot holds the laparoscope. Laparoscope control is returned to the surgeon in teleoperated camera holding robots, but simultaneously controlling the laparoscope and surgical tools might be cognitively demanding. On the other hand, fully automated camera holders are still limited in their performance. To help the surgeon to better focus on the main operation while maintaining their control authority, we propose an automatic laparoscope zoom factor control framework for Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery. In this paper, we present the perception section of the framework. It extracts and uses the surgical tool’s geometric characteristics to adjust the laparoscope’s zoom factor, without any artificial markers. The acceptable range and tooltip’s position frequency during operations are analysed based on the gallbladder removal surgery dataset (Cholec80). The common range and tooltip’s heatmap are identified and presented quantitatively.
Modeling of various kinds of applicators used for microwave hyperthermia based on the FDTD method

Interstitial and endocavitary applicators, which have been designed and developed for microwave hyperthermia treatments controlled by microwave radiometry, are modeled using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. For each type of applicator, the numerical results concerning the reflection coefficient S/sub 11/, the power deposition, and the heating patterns are given. These results are compared with measurements performed on phantom models of human tissues and show good agreement. Possibilities for future developments are discussed.