Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust $H_{2}$-OFIR Filtering: Improving Tracking of Disturbed Systems Under Initial and Data Errors

In harsh environments, tracking is organized assuming disturbances, initial errors, and data errors that requires robust algorithms. In this article, we develop, in discrete-time state space, a robust <italic>a posteriori</italic> <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> optimal finite impulse response (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-OFIR) filter of disturbed systems under initial and measurement errors. The derivation is provided using a novel <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> finite impulse response (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-FIR) state estimation approach by minimizing the squared Frobenius norm of the weighted transfer function. The robust <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-OFIR filter is designed for full block error matrices, and its recursive forms are shown for diagonal error matrices. Also presented is the suboptimal <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-FIR filtering algorithm using the linear matrix inequality. It is shown that, in global-positioning-system-based tracking of moving vehicles, the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-OFIR filter outperforms the Kalman and unbiased FIR filters in terms of accuracy and robustness. Moreover, the ability to operate on short horizons makes the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-OFIR filter computationally efficient.
Low-Area Four-Channel Controlled Dielectric Breakdown System Design for Point-of-Care Applications

In this study, we propose a low-area multi-channel controlled dielectric breakdown (CDB) system that simultaneously produces several nanopore sensors. Conventionally, solid-state nanopores are prepared by etching or drilling openings in a silicon nitride (SiNx) substrate, which is expensive and requires a long processing time. To address these challenges, a CDB technique was introduced and used to fabricate nanopore channels in SiNx membranes. However, the nanopore sensors produced by the CDB result in a severe pore-to-pore diameter variation as a result of different fabrication conditions and processing times. Accordingly, it is indispensable to simultaneously fabricate nanopore sensors in the same environment to reduce the deleterious effects of pore-to-pore variation. In this study, we propose a four-channel CDB system that comprises an amplifier that boosts the command voltage, a 1-to-4 multiplexer, a level shifter, a low-noise transimpedance amplifier and a data acquisition device. To prove our design concept, we used the CDB system to fabricate four nanopore sensors with diameters of <10 nm, and its in vitro performance was verified using λ-DNA samples.
Design of a Curved Superconducting Combined Function Bending Magnet Demonstrator for Hadron Therapy

Curved superconducting bending magnets have clear potential for compact hadron therapy gantries and medical synchrotrons. A combined function superconducting bending magnet design based on collared cos-theta coils is proposed for a new compact and cost-effective hadron therapy gantry initiative. This 3 T magnet, based on the technologies extensively developed for the LHC project, includes several gantry-specific features that shall be developed and validated with a demonstrator magnet. The main development areas include fabrication of epoxy-impregnated cos-theta Nb-Ti coils with 2.2 m radius of curvature along with the assembly of the surrounding curved cold mass. This paper presents the magnetic and mechanical design optimization of the proposed demonstrator magnet, the results of the numerical modelling of the transient losses during operation as well as the magnet quench protection analysis.
Impact of Genetic Risk Score and Dietary Protein Intake on Vitamin D Status in Young Adults from Brazil

Given the relationship between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and adverse outcomes of metabolic diseases, we investigated the interplay of dietary and genetic components on vitamin D levels and metabolic traits in young adults from Brazil. Genetic analysis, dietary intake, and anthropometric and biochemical measurements were performed in 187 healthy young adults (19–24 years). Genetic risk scores (GRS) from six genetic variants associated with vitamin D (vitamin D-GRS) and 10 genetic variants associated with metabolic disease (metabolic-GRS) were constructed. High vitamin D-GRS showed a significant association with low 25(OH)D concentrations (p = 0.001) and high metabolic-GRS showed a significant association with high fasting insulin concentrations (p = 0.045). A significant interaction was found between vitamin D-GRS and total protein intake (g/day) (adjusted for non-animal protein) on 25(OH)D (pinteraction = 0.006), where individuals consuming a high protein diet (≥73 g/d) and carrying >4 risk alleles for VDD had significantly lower 25(OH)D (p = 0.002) compared to individuals carrying ≤4 risk alleles. Even though our study did not support a link between metabolic-GRS and vitamin D status, our study has demonstrated a novel interaction, where participants with high vitamin D-GRS and consuming ≥73 g of protein/day had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels. Further research is necessary to evaluate the role of animal protein consumption on VDD in Brazilians.
Cooling Effects Revealed by Modeling of Wetlands and Land‐Atmosphere Interactions

Wetlands are important ecosystems—they provide vital hydrological and ecological services such as regulating floods, storing carbon, and providing wildlife habitat. The ability to simulate their spatial extents and hydrological processes is important for valuing wetlands' function. The purpose of this study is to dynamically represent the spatial extents and hydrological processes of wetlands and investigate their feedback to regional climate in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America, where a large number of wetlands exist. In this study, we incorporated a wetland scheme into the Noah‐MP land surface model with two major modifications: (a) modifying the subgrid saturation fraction for spatial wetland extent and (b) incorporating a dynamic wetland storage to simulate hydrological processes. This scheme was evaluated at a fen site in central Saskatchewan, Canada and applied regionally in the PPR with 13‐year climate forcing produced by a high‐resolution convection‐permitting model. The differences between wetland and no‐wetland simulations are significant, with increasing latent heat and evapotranspiration while suppressing sensible heat and runoff in the wetland scheme. Finally, the dynamic wetland scheme was applied in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The wetlands scheme not only modifies the surface energy balance but also interacts with the lower atmosphere, shallowing the planetary boundary layer height and promoting cloud formation. A cooling effect of 1–3°C in summer temperature is evident where wetlands are abundant. In particular, the wetland simulation shows reduction in the number of hot days for >10 days over the summer of 2006, when a long‐lasting heatwave occurred. This research has great implications for land surface/regional climate modeling and wetland conservation, especially in mitigating extreme heatwaves under climate change.
Erasmus Country Ranking: Towards Quality Student Mobility

Erasmus is a European Commission program which has been a huge success: more and more higher education students decide to move to one of the 34 countries that belong to the program. This article begins by analysing the reasons behind why students take a semester at another university in another country, and what the motivations for their choices are. The literature review reveals that there are personal, destination and academic reasons. Students who decide to make Erasmus mobility do not know how to choose the higher education institution where they will do said mobility. This article aims to help these students by ranking Erasmus mobility countries following the reasons that are identified in the literature as the most important. To rank Erasmus mobility countries, we use two criteria: destination and academic. The destination was subdivided into 7 items: Adventure, Cultural and Heritage, Safe and Secure, Cost of Living, Geographic Localization, Weather, Language and Sustainable. The academic part was divided into 3 items: research, university quality and sustainable. For each of the items we use the strongest and most reliable indicators. We also compare our ranking with the real number of student mobility for each of the 34 countries.
Potential Solutions for Accessing Abstract Concepts in Embodied Theories of Cognition

The theory proved to be true is the embodied view, which illustrates that if people think about concrete concepts, such as ‘kick’ and ‘pick,’ they will use modality-specific simulations. However, abstract concepts posed a severe challenge for this embodied view. Then, researchers used mental metaphor to argue that people not only talk metaphorically but also think metaphorically, but this theory failed to explain if mental metaphors are embodied in modality-specific simulations. Therefore, in this paper, we search for other potential solutions and evaluate each of their supporting
Implementation Of Islamic Education Learning With Social Care Participants Educated

Social care, assumes that humans are social creatures who always live together, interact, collaborate, and have other human needs. Therefore, contradictory social acceptance of the problems facing society, to advance the role of science and technology, and also work cooperatively, collaboratively, and find solutions to build a better society. In a state that is able to prepare students in developing their basic potential as individuals and social beings and ready to accept all changes through PAI learning in the future. The process of implementing social Islamic learning can provide learning that causes life problems faced by students and the community. Therefore, the practical education of students depends on the interests and needs of the ummah through learning Islamic education.
Risk Factors for Occurrence and Relapse of Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Simple Summary The diagnosis and follow-up prognosis of the various number of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) subtypes are still challenging due to low incidence and variable presentation. Therefore, the demand for reliable risk factors developing STS as well as prognostic indicators for recurrence free survival remains high. The objective of this systematic review was to conduct a meta-analysis of mainly retrospective studies to assess the risk factors for development and prognostic indicators for recurrence free survival in STS for the first time. Prognostic factors determining relapse such as radiation, chemotherapy, and margins of resections as well as risk factors including smoking, genetic predisposition, toxins, and chronic inflammation were identified. Abstract The diagnosis and prognostic outcome of STS pose a therapeutic challenge in an interdisciplinary setting. The treatment protocols are still discussed controversially. This systematic meta-analysis aimed to determine prognostic factors leading to the development and recurrence of STS. Eligible studies that investigated potential risk factors such as smoking, genetic dispositions, toxins, chronic inflammation as well as prognostic relapse factors including radiation, chemotherapy and margins of resection were identified. Data from 24 studies published between 1993 and 2019 that comprised 6452 patients were pooled. A statistically significant effect developing STS was found in overall studies stating a causality between risk factors and the development of STS (p < 0.01). Although subgroup analysis did not meet statistical significances, it revealed a greater magnitude with smoking (p = 0.23), genetic predisposition (p = 0.13) chronic inflammation, (p = 0.20), and toxins (p = 0.14). Secondly, pooled analyses demonstrated a higher risk of relapse for margin of resection (p = 0.78), chemotherapy (p = 0.20) and radiation (p = 0.16); after 3 years of follow-up. Therefore, we were able to identify risk and relapse prognostic factors for STS, helping to diagnose and treat this low incidental cancer properly.
Study of the relationship between regional cerebral saturation and pCO2 changes during mechanical ventilation to evaluate modifications in cerebral perfusion in a newborn piglet model

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) could be a useful continuous, non-invasive technique for monitoring the effect of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) fluctuations in the cerebral circulation during ventilation. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of NIRS to detect acute changes in cerebral blood flow following PaCO2 fluctuations after confirming the autoregulation physiology in piglets. Fourteen piglets (<72 h of life) were studied. Mean arterial blood pressure, oxygen saturation, pH, glycemia, hemoglobin, electrolytes, and temperature were monitored. Eight animals were used to evaluate brain autoregulation, assessing superior cava vein Doppler as a proxy of cerebral blood flow changing mean arterial blood pressure. Another 6 animals were used to assess hypercapnia generated by decreasing ventilatory settings and complementary CO2 through the ventilator circuit and hypocapnia due to increasing ventilatory settings. Cerebral blood flow was determined by jugular vein blood flow by Doppler and continuously monitored with NIRS. A decrease in PaCO2 was observed after hyperventilation (47.6±2.4 to 29.0±4.9 mmHg). An increase in PaCO2 was observed after hypoventilation (48.5±5.5 to 90.4±25.1 mmHg). A decrease in cerebral blood flow after hyperventilation (21.8±10.4 to 15.1±11.0 mL/min) and an increase after hypoventilation (23.4±8.4 to 38.3±10.5 mL/min) were detected by Doppler ultrasound. A significant correlation was found between cerebral oxygenation and Doppler-derived parameters of blood flow and PaCO2. Although cerebral NIRS monitoring is mainly used to detect changes in regional brain oxygenation, modifications in cerebral blood flow following experimental PaCO2 changes were detected in newborn piglets when no other important variables were modified.
Overexpression of PvFAD3 Gene from Plukenetia volubilis Promotes the Biosynthesis of α-Linolenic Acid in Transgenic Tobacco Seeds

The ω-3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD3) gene encodes a rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of α-linolenic acid. In this study, homologous cloning was used to obtain the full-length sequence of the PvFAD3 gene of Plukenetia volubilis. The full-length DNA sequence was 1871 bp long, with 8 exons and 7 introns. The structural analysis of the amino acid sequence revealed that the PvFAD3 protein contained three histidine-conserved regions and an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal. The real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction performed for determining the expression patterns of the PvFAD3 gene in different tissues of P. volubilis showed that PvFAD3 expression was highly expressed in the fast oil accumulation stage of seed. The analysis of subcellular localization assay in epidermal cells of tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) leaves showed that the PvFAD3 protein was mainly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Seed-specific overexpression vectors were constructed, and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation was performed to obtain transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing PvFAD3. The results of fatty acid assays performed using harvested seeds showed a significant increase in α-linolenic acid content, a dramatic decrease in linoleic acid content, and an obvious increase in oil content in transgenic tobacco seeds. Collectively, the PvFAD3 gene of P. volubilis was confirmed as a key enzyme gene for α-linolenic acid synthesis; thus, indicating that the PvFAD3 gene can be used for fatty acid fraction improvement in oilseed plants.
Modeling Analysis of SOFC System Oriented to Working Condition Identification

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) generation system is an important equipment to realize “carbon neutralization”. In SOFC system, a fault will cause changes in working conditions, which is difficult to detect early and find the reason due to the high temperature and seal environment. Therefore, the mechanistic model is a feasible way to find the reasons for the change of system working conditions. In this paper, based on the first law of thermodynamics, the system model of SOFC is built under multiple working conditions, and the influence of stack, afterburner, heat exchanger, and reformer fault is studied on the thermoelectric characteristics and efficiency of the system. The results show that with the introduction of these fault mechanistic models, the dynamic response characteristics of SOFC system under multiple working conditions can be obtained by tracking the key performance parameters qualitatively. The work of this paper is helpful for the guidance of the fault diagnosis of SOFC system in the future.
Tracking Axonal Transports in Time-Lapse Images Obtained from a Microfluidic Culture Platform

In this paper, a procedure is described for tracking moving object trajectories from image sequences acquired from a microfluidic culture platform. Since particles move along the axons, curve structures need to be detected first from the input image sequence. A kymograph analysis technique is applied to detect axon structures from the consolidated image of the input sequence. Horizontally and vertically oriented axons are then detected by applying the process twice to the original and the 90degree rotated image. Multiple kymographs are generated along the detected axons by projecting image intensity variation through the time-axis. The trajectory detection process is then applied to each kymograph image. To obtain the particle motion information from the entire image sequence, an integration process is applied to each horizontal and vertical kymograph data set. The proposed technique has been applied to image sequences in the present application area. It is demonstrated that practical results can be obtained using time-lapse image sequence data. Keywords—Axonal transports; kymograph; trajectory detection; image sequence analysis; motion parameter extraction
School Readiness in 4-Year-Old Very Preterm Children

The aims of this study were to identify the aspects of school readiness that best distinguish very preterm (VPT) preschoolers from full-term (FT) controls, determine the extent to which readiness problems in the VPT group reflected global cognitive weaknesses or more specific deficits, and identify distinct profiles of readiness problems. Fifty-three VPT (gestational age ≤ 30 weeks) 4-year-olds were compared to 38 FT (gestational age ≥ 37 weeks) controls on measures of global cognitive ability, executive function, motor skills, early literacy and numeracy, and psychosocial functioning. Latent class analysis (LCA) was also conducted to identify individual readiness profiles. The VPT group had the most pronounced difficulties on tests of spatial and nonverbal cognitive abilities, executive function, motor skills, phonological processing, and numeracy. The VPT group also had sex-related difficulties in processing speed, social functioning, and emotion regulation. These differences were evident in analyses of both continuous scores and rates of deficits. The VPT group’s difficulties in motor skills, and VPT females’ difficulties in social functioning and emotion regulation, were evident even when controlling for global cognitive ability. LCA suggested four profiles of readiness, with the majority of the VPT group assigned to profiles characterized by relative weaknesses in either cognitive abilities or psychosocial functioning or by more global readiness problems. The findings support the need to evaluate multiple aspects of school readiness in VPT preschoolers and inform efforts to design more targeted early educational interventions.
Stereotyping of student service members and Veterans on a university campus in the U.S.

ABSTRACT Studies about the experience of Student Service Members and Veterans (SSM/Vs) at U.S. institutions of higher education have consistently found that SSM/Vs believe that their military status results in stereotyping by peers. This is the first study to use quantitative methods to examine 1) the stereotypes SSM/Vs believe exist about them, and 2) the stereotypes actually displayed by non-SSM/V peers. A survey was administered to 177 students (87 SSM/Vs and 90 non-SSM/Vs) at a large, four-year university in the Midwest United States. Explicit questions and an experimental manipulation were used to address the research questions. Findings suggest that SSM/Vs believe more negative stereotypes exist than do non-SSM/Vs. Further, of 48 attributes used as options, the current methodology uncovered evidence of 6 specific stereotypes that non-SSM/Vs hold about SSM/Vs: disciplined, leader, masculine, mentally ill, stuck in the past, and tense. These results can guide future research about SSM/V transition to higher education, and address specific barriers to the well-being of this population.
Quantifying spillover and halo effects: an illustration on tourists’ consumption of sustainable and healthy food in hotels

ABSTRACT Analogous to side effects in medical research, spillover and halo effects refer to unintended effects of interventions. Tourism and research in related areas have only begun to acknowledge these exist. Future research should quantify their magnitude to enable cost–benefit analysis, for example of whether an intervention to reduce carbon footprint does so when the total effect of interventions is included. Utilizing data from an experiment aimed at changing tourists’ food consumption behaviour in hotels, this paper provides a methodology to quantify spillover and halo effects, including statistical inference to test hypotheses and produce confidence intervals.
Estimation of Rolling Resistance, Tire Temperature and Inflation Pressure of Heavy-duty Vehicle

Rolling resistance depends closely on tire temperature and inflation pressure. Effective radius, which affect adhesion coefficient, is influenced by inflation pressure and vehicle velocity. Exploiting this complex relation, this paper proposes a model of this relation and then, a nonlinear observer allowing to estimate the rolling resistance, the tire temperature and the inflation pressure. Using only the measured wheel rotational speed and vehicle velocity, which available from CAN-bus of vehicle, this system does not require any additional physical sensor. This nonlinear observer bases on the sliding-mode observer technique due to its robustness and finite convergence time. The novelty of this approach is the capacity to provide the good estimations of many grandeurs of vehicle tire though the existence of disturbance and variation of uncertain parameters. The challenge obviously still exists with the indistinguishability between rolling resistance and air drag force. The applicability of proposed models and observer is confirmed by the simulation results where the estimation errors are in an acceptable range.