Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Operating Field Optimization of Giant Magneto Impedance (GMI) Devices in Micro Scale for Magnetic Bead Detection

Giant magneto impedance (GMI) effect devices for magnetic bead detections were examined. Since commercialized magnetic beads in biological applications are superparamagnetic in nature, not only for improvement of maximum sensitivity but also precise optimizations of operating fields are crucial for sensor applications. We have found that operating fields and maximum sensitivity can be enhanced by the tailoring aspect ratio in microscopic GMI sensors. With an aspect ratio of 3.3-3.8, the GMI sensors were found to exhibit an overall GMI ratio of more than 110% and a maximum sensitivity of 1.61 mV/Oe (15.4%/Oe) at the operating field of 43.1 Oe. Our results demonstrate that microscopic GMI sensors are highly sensitive to magnetic bead detections.
Interactive Global Illumination for Deformable Geometry in CUDA

Interactive global illumination for fully deformable scenes with dynamic relighting is currently a very elusive goal in the area of realistic rendering. In this work we propose a system that is based on explicit visibility calculations and which is highly efficient and scalable. The rendering equation defines the light exchange between surfaces, which we approximate by subsampling. By utilizing the power of modern parallel GPUs using the CUDA framework we achieve interactive frame rates. Since we update the global illumination continuously in an asynchronous fashion, we maintain interactivity at all times for moderately complex scenes. We show that we can achieve higher frame rates for scenes with moving light sources, diffuse indirect illumination and dynamic geometry than other current methods, while maintaining a high image quality.
A Review of Quantitative Studies of Benzene Metabolism

Benzene is a ubiquitous, highly flammable, colorless liquid that is a known hematotoxin, myelotoxin, and human leukemogen. Benzene-induced toxicity in animals is clearly mediated by its metabolism. The mechanisms of acute hemato- and myelotoxicity in humans are almost certainly the same as in animals, and there is compelling evidence that metabolism is requisite for the induction of leukemia in humans. A very large number of experimental investigations of benzene metabolism have been conducted with animals, both in vivo and in vitro. There have also been many investigations of benzene metabolism in humans and with human tissues, Although the blood or tissue concentrations of benzene metabolites in humans resulting from benzene exposure have never been measured. Further, a number of mathematical models of benzene metabolism and dosimetry have been developed. In this article, we consider results from both experimental and mathematical modeling research, with particular emphasis on the last decade, and discuss the factors that are likely to be most influential in the metabolism of benzene.
DreamWorks fabric shading model: from artist friendly to physically plausible

Since Shrek 2, DreamWorks artists have used the fabric model developed by [Glumac and Doepp 2004] extensively on cloth material shading. Even after we developed the physically based microcylinderical cloth model by [Sadeghi et al. 2013], they continued to prefer the intuitive control of the DreamWorks fabric shading model, which is also a cyindrical shading model, with easy to use artistic controls for highlights, and highlight directions.
Linked Web APIs Dataset Web APIs meet Linked Data

Web APIs enjoy a significant increase in popularity and usage in the last decade. They have become the core technology for exposing functionalities and data. Nevertheless, due to the lack of semantic Web API descriptions their discovery, sharing, integration, and assessment of their quality and consumption is limited. In this paper, we present the Linked Web APIs dataset, an RDF dataset with semantic descriptions about Web APIs. It provides semantic descriptions for 11,339 Web APIs, 7,415 mashups and 7,717 developer profiles, which make it the largest available dataset from the Web APIs domain. The dataset captures the provenance, temporal, technical, functional, and non-functional aspects. In addition, we describe the Linked Web APIs Ontology, a minimal model which builds on top of several well-known ontologies. The dataset has been interlinked and published according to the Linked Data principles. Finally, we describe several possible usage scenarios for the dataset and show its potential.
Activation of the phosphatase activity of human cdc25A by a cdk2‐cyclin E dependent phosphorylation at the G1/S transition.

Progression through the cell cycle is monitored at two major points: during the G1/S and the G2/M transitions. In most cells, the G2/M transition is regulated by the timing of p34cdc2 dephosphorylation which results in the activation of the kinase activity of the cdc2‐cyclin B complex. The timing of p34cdc2 dephosphorylation is determined by the balance between the activity of the kinase that phosphorylates p34cdc2 (wee1 in human cells) and the opposing phosphatase (cdc25C). Both enzymes are regulated and it has been shown that cdc25C is phosphorylated and activated by the cdc2‐cyclin B complex. This creates a positive feed‐back loop providing a switch used to control the onset of mitosis. Here, we show that another member of the human cdc25 family, cdc25A, undergoes phosphorylation during S phase, resulting in an increase of its phosphatase activity. The phosphorylation of cdc25A is dependent on the activity of the cdc2‐cyclin E kinase. Microinjection of anti‐cdc25A antibodies into G1 cells blocks entry into S phase. These results indicate that the cdc25A phosphatase is required to enter S phase in human cells and suggest that this enzyme is part of an auto‐amplification loop analogous to that described at the G2/M transition. We discuss the nature of the in vivo substrate of the cdc25A phosphatase in S phase and the possible implications for the regulation of S phase entry.
Investigation of the effect of impedance on azimuth cues derived from spherical head models

Recent implementations of virtual sound using head related transfer functions often include an analytical low frequency diffraction model to reproduce stable azimuth cues which are independent of the quality and accuracy of high frequency pinnae data. This paper investigates the previously neglected effects of surface acoustic impedance on the salient azimuth cues produced by a single sphere diffraction model. Results indicate an increase in interaural level difference with both a decreasing impedance magnitude and an increasingly negative impedance phase component. The interaural time difference appears to be less sensitive to impedance changes although an increase is evident with a decreasing impedance magnitude, particularly for sources near the interaural axis. These changes produce offset interaural cues which correspond to a shift in source location in the virtual environment. The effect of incorporating a frequency dependent impedance based on the approximate acoustic properties of hair is also discussed.
Efficacy of beer fermentation residue containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells for ameliorating aflatoxicosis in broilers.

This study aimed to determine the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) binding capacity of a beer fermentation residue (BFR) containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, and the efficacy of BFR to ameliorate the toxic effects of AFB1 on performance, serum biochemistry, and histology of broilers. The BFR was collected from a microbrewery, and the yeast cells were counted, dried, and milled before it was used in the study. In vitro evaluation of the BFR was conducted using different concentrations of AFB1 (2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0, and 32.0 μg AFB1/mL) and 100 mg/10 mL of BFR at pH 3.0 or 6.0. Two hundred 1-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were assigned to chick batteries and allowed ad libitum access to feed and water. A completely randomized design was used with 5 replicate pens of 5 chicks assigned to each of 4 dietary treatments from hatch to 21 d, which included: 1) basal diet (BD), with no BFR or AFB1; 2) BD supplemented with 1% BFR; 3) BD supplemented with 2 mg AFB1/kg of feed; and 4) BD supplemented with 2 mg AFB1/kg feed and 1% BFR. Performance variables were determined weekly, while serum analyses were performed on d 14 and 21. At the end of the study, chicks were anesthetized with carbon dioxide, euthanized by cervical dislocation, and the kidney, liver, and bursa of Fabricius were removed for determination of relative weights, and for histological evaluation. In vitro assays showed that the higher the initial AFB1 concentration in solution, the greater the AFB1 amount adsorbed by BFR at both pHs tested. Feed intake, BW gain, and concentrations of albumin, total protein, and globulin increased (P < 0.05) in broilers fed BFR+AFB1 (Diet 4), when compared to the birds receiving only AFB1 (Diet 2). Although BFR was not able to reduce or prevent the effects of AFB1 on relative weights of kidneys and liver, it reduced the severity of histological changes in the liver and kidney caused by AFB1.
Multiparametric analysis of immature cell populations in umbilical cord blood and bone marrow

Abstract: Adult stem cells are finding increased therapeutic potential not least in tissue regeneration protocols. The cell sources being proposed for such protocols include embryonic, umbilical cord blood (CB) and adult bone marrow (BM). Although embryonic sources are controversial, CB and marrow are available immediately. The appropriate cells of use in these sources are considered to be extremely rare and a characterisation of the starting cell source is important for the development of adult stem cell protocols and ex vivo expansion. Umbilical CB and BM mononuclear cells were labelled for the antigens CD34, CD133, CD117, CD164, Thy‐1 or CD38, and additional intracellular CD34 antigen. Three dimensional flow‐cytometric analyses were carried out together with dual laser confocal microscope analysis for antigen profile expression. Variable levels of immaturity were detected on CB and BM populations using internal and external CD34 antigen. For CB and BM cells, internal CD34 (intCD34+) could be detected on co‐expressing CD133+ cells before expression of external CD34 antigen (extCD34+). CD38 co‐expression analysis also showed that a small but distinct group of cells expressing low CD38 and no external CD34 antigen could be detected. Additional phenotyping of these cells using CD117, Thy‐1, CD164 and CD133 demonstrated variable primitive status detectable within the external CD34− population. Newly harvested primary CB and BM populations were shown to contain not only cellular populations of known standard sequential maturity but also populations of more extreme rarity. The presence of cells which lacked extracellular CD34 antigen, in both CB and BM, but which possessed CD133, has important implications for purification of human stem cells in clinical applications.
Cellular basis of persistent lymphocytosis in cattle infected with bovine leukemia virus

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 14 cattle infected with the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and 14 BLV-free cattle were examined by the membrane immunofluorescent antibody technique to detect surface immunoglobulin (S-Ig) and by the erythrocyte-antibody-complement (EAC) rosette test for the detection of complement receptors. Direct comparisons of the percentages of S-Ig-bearing cells and EAC rosette-forming cells in both infected and BLV-free animals showed no evidence for the presence of a substantial population bearing one surface marker but not the other. The data showed that cells with surface markers characteristic of B lymphocytes are responsible for most of the increase in peripheral blood lymphocytes which may accompany BLV infection. The release of infectious BLV and the spontaneous uptake of thymidine by short-term cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes from BLV-infected cattle were also studied. The results indicate that both of these activities are function of B lymphocytes.
SOCIAL CONTRASTS IN THE INCIDENCE OF OBESITY AMONG ADULT LARGE-CITY DWELLERS IN POLAND IN 1986 AND 1996

The incidence of obesity, defined as the fraction of persons with BMIs exceeding 30·0, was examined in two birth cohorts of 40–50-year-old occupationally active inhabitants of the city of Wrocław, Poland. In both cohorts and both genders obesity increased monotonically with decreasing position on a three-level educational scale. During the 1986–1996 decade obesity increased dramatically among males with trade school education only; concomitant shifts were much smaller or absent in the college-educated groups. The contrast in obesity between the opposite ends of the educational scale has widened markedly in both genders; and the between-gender gap has declined somewhat.
Phase I/II trial of HIV-1 hyperimmune globulin for the prevention of HIV-1 vertical transmission in Uganda

ObjectivesTo assess the safety, tolerance, pharmacokinetics, and virologic and immunologic changes associated with the use of Ugandan HIV hyperimmune globulin (HIVIGLOB) in HIV infected pregnant Ugandan women and their infants. DesignA prospective, phase I/II, three-arm dose escalation trial of HIVIGLOB. MethodsHIVIGLOB was prepared from discarded HIV infected units of blood collected from the National Blood Bank in Kampala. From June 1996 to April 1997, 31 HIV positive pregnant women were enrolled with HIVIGLOB infusions given at 37 weeks gestation and within 16 h of birth for infants. The first 10 mother–infant pairs were infused at a dose of 50 mg/kg, followed by 11 pairs at 200 mg/kg, and 10 pairs at 400 mg/kg. Study participants were followed for 30 months. ResultsThirty-one women and 29 infants were infused with HIVIGLOB. The infusions were safe and well tolerated by the women and their infants at all doses. There were no significant changes in virologic or immunologic parameters after HIVIGLOB infusion. Pharmacokinetic properties of this product were similar to other immune globulin products with a median half-life of 28 days in women and 30 days in infants. ConclusionAn HIV immune globulin product derived from HIV infected Ugandan donors is safe, well tolerated, and has pharmacokinetic properties consistent with other immunoglobulin products. Data suggest that a 400 mg/kg dose of HIVIGLOB would be the most appropriate dose for a subsequent efficacy trial of HIVIGLOB for the prevention of mother to child HIV transmission.
Cytosolic Targeting Domains of γ and δ Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II*

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK-II) isozyme variability is the result of alternative usage of variable domain sequences. Isozyme expression is cell type-specific to transduce the appropriate Ca2+signals. We have determined the subcellular targeting domain of δE CaMK-II, an isozyme that induces neurite outgrowth, and of a structurally similar isozyme, γC CaMK-II, which does not induce neurite outgrowth. δE CaMK-II co-localizes with filamentous actin in the perinuclear region and in cellular extensions. In contrast, γC CaMK-II is uniformly cytosolic. Constitutively active δE CaMK-II induces F-actin-rich extensions, thereby supporting a functional role for its localization. C-terminal constructs, which lack central variable domain sequences, can oligomerize and localize like full-length δE and γC CaMK-II. Central variable domains themselves are monomeric and have no targeting capability. The C-terminal 95 residues of δ CaMK-II also has no targeting capability but can efficiently oligomerize. These findings define a targeting domain for γ and δ CaMK-IIs that is in between the central variable and association domains. This domain is responsible for the subcellular targeting differences between γ and δ CaMK-IIs.
Development of immersive augmented reality interface system for construction robotic system

This study develops immersive user interface system for construction robotic system by using augmented reality system. Unlike the traditional interface using a monitor view only, the AR interface system in this paper allows the operator to see the invisible eyesight out of camera view by using a virtual 3D model. The operator can control the camera view, and the images of 3D models are changed as the camera view changes in the AR system. With the augmented reality system developed in this paper, the operator can have a wide view of inside of the structure so that one can observe the situation of construction site without having to move the camera around. This AR system alarms the operator of a danger area and gives the operator a guide for completion of task by using the AR system. And this AR interface system contains a tele-operated construction robot system. Therefore, the operator can easily and safely complete construction operation.
Parallel Corpus Refinement as an Outlier Detection Algorithm

Filtering noisy parallel corpora or removing mistranslations out of training sets can improve the quality of a statistical machine translation. Discriminative methods for ﬁlter-ing the corpora such as a maximum entropy model, need properly labeled training data, which are usually unavailable. Generating all possible sentence pairs (the Cartesian product) to generate labeled data, produces an imbalanced training set, containing a few correct translations and thus inappropriate for training a classiﬁer. In order to treat this problem effectively, unsupervised methods are utilized and the problem is modeled as an outlier detection procedure. The experiments show that a ﬁltered corpus, results in an improved translation quality, even with some sentence pairs removed.
Penalty-Based Algorithms for the Stochastic Obstacle Scene Problem

We consider the stochastic obstacle scene problem wherein an agent needs to traverse a spatial arrangement of possible obstacles, and the status of the obstacles may be disambiguated en route at a cost. The goal is to find an algorithm that decides what and where to disambiguate en route so that the expected length of the traversal is minimized. We present a polynomial-time method for a graph-theoretical version of the problem when the associated graph is restricted to parallel avenues with fixed policies within the avenues. We show how previously proposed algorithms for the continuous space version can be adapted to a discrete setting. We propose a generalized framework encompassing these algorithms that uses penalty functions to guide the navigation in real time. Within this framework, we introduce a new algorithm that provides near-optimal results within very short execution times. Our algorithms are illustrated via computational experiments involving synthetic data as well as an actual naval minefield.
Efficacy and toxicity of nonpegylated liposomal doxorubicin in breast cancer

Anthracyclines, including doxorubicin, are the mainstay of therapy for breast cancer. However, doxorubicin can cause dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, limiting the cumulative dose. Liposomal conjugation of doxorubicin results in preferential distribution of doxorubicin in the tumor compared with normal tissues. Nonpegylated liposomal doxorubicin (NPLD) has demonstrated reduced cardiac toxicity, with anti-tumor responses comparable to those of conventional doxorubicin. The substitution of NPLD for conventional anthracyclines significantly reduces the cumulative cardiotoxicity, while allowing a higher cumulative dose. This allows patients who have already received the maximum cumulative dose of doxorubicin to receive further doxorubicin, as well as those with risk factors for anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. The favorable cardiac safety profile of NPLD may allow it to be combined with newer therapies, such as trastuzumab.
Almost Sharp Quantum E ff ects

Quantum effects are represented by operators on a Hilbert space satisfying 0 ≤ A ≤ I, and sharp quantum effects are represented by projection operators. We say that an effect A is almost sharp if A = PQP for projections P and Q. We give simple characterizations of almost sharp effects. We also characterize effects that can be written as longer products of projections. For generality we first work in the formalism of von Neumann algebras. We then specialize to the full operator algebra B (H) and to finite dimensional Hilbert spaces.
A 4GS/s 8bit ADC fabricated in 0.35µm SiGe BiCMOS technology

In this paper, a low cost 4GS/s 8bit Folding-and-Interpolation (F&I) ADC has been demonstrated. To avoid threshold-mismatch and delay-mismatch between coarse and fine quantizer, a novel coarse quantizer with analog pre-processing circuits are proposed. According to the measurement result, the proposed coarse quantizer has successfully eliminated the glitch code. The ADC is capable of sampling analog input frequencies up to 1.5GHz with greater than 7.0 effective number of bits (ENOB) performance. The ADC has a die size of 3.8×3.8 mm2 and consumes 4.1W of power.
Integrin subunit expression associated with epithelial‐mesenchymal interactions during murine tooth development

The initial information for patterning of early tooth development resides in the epithelium. Later, this is shifted to the mesenchyme. The process is governed by multiple epithelial‐mesenchymal interactions. Integrins are cell surface receptors for extracellular matrix components. Expression of the β5 integrin subunit alternates between epithelium and mesenchyme during early tooth development (Yamada et al. [1994] Int. J. Dev. Biol. 38: 553–556). By immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization we show here a remarkably similar oscillating expression pattern of the αv integrin subunit. This subunit is known to associate with β5, and we therefore suggest that integrin αvβ5 is involved in epithelial‐mesenchymal interactions during tooth development. We also demonstrate that the developing tooth epithelium expresses the α6, β1 and β4 subunits. The laminin receptors α6β1 and α6β4 may thus in part mediate the effect of basement membranes on tooth epithelial development. Interestingly, the enamel knot region expressed very little α6 integrin subunit, whereas some expression was seen transiently in the condensing mesenchyme. During early tooth development, integrins possessing the α6 subunit might also be involved in cell‐cell interactions independently of laminins. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Broadband photoelectric hot carrier collection with wafer-scale metallic-semiconductor photonic crystals

Photoelectric hot carrier generation in metal-semiconductor junctions can enable optical-to-electrical energy conversion at photon energies below the bandgap of the semiconductor. Here, we present the simulated and experimental results of our wafer-scale Au/TiO2 metallic-semiconductor photonic crystal (MSPhC). We demonstrate a broadband sub-bandgap photoresponse with a FWHM of 235 nm centered at 590 nm due to surface plasmon absorption, and we also show a photoresponse enhancement factor of 4.5 at 639 nm compared to a flat chip. Photoresponse is also shown to increase with decreasing metal thickness down to 13 nm. Applications of our results could lead to low-cost and robust photoelectrochemical and thermo-photovoltaic devices.
Synthesis, Biological Activity, Pharmacokinetic Properties and Molecular Modelling Studies of Novel 1H,3H-Oxazolo[3,4-a]Benzimidazoles: Non-Nucleoside HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

New 1H,3H-oxazolo[3,4-a]benzimidazoles (OBZs) were synthesized as HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) to extend the structure-activity relationships observed for an early series of related 1H,3H-thiazolo[3,4-a]benzimidazole derivatives (TBZs). The new compounds showed inhibitory activity against the replication of various HIV-1 strains, including NNRTI-resistant strains. Testing of a representative OBZ derivative in an HPLC assay on biological fluids, indicated that the sulphur substitution appreciably improved the metabolic stability of the TBZ compound. In addition, molecular modelling studies demonstrated that OBZs, TBZs and other NNRTIs have similar structural properties, that is a butterfly-like conformation, which is a key structural requirement for reverse transcriptase inhibition.