Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of New Sesame Varieties for Growth and Yield Performance during the Deyr Season in Afgoye, Somalia

Aims: The field experiment was conducted to evaluate new sesame varieties for growth and yield performance. Study Design: A randomized completely block design (RCBD) with four replications was used for the experiment. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted during the Deyr season (SeptemberNovember) 2016 at the experimental farm of Somali Agriculture Technical Group (SATG), Afgoye, Somalia. Methodology: Growth and yield characters of the varieties were measured during the trial. A Original Research Article Siad et al.; AJRCS, 6(2): 1-7, 2021; Article no.AJRCS. 66594 2 complete of six sesame varieties was used for the trial. The new varieties were Setit, Yemeni, Nigerian, Humera and Indian while a local variety, Dunyar, was used as a control. Results: Results from the experiment revealed that growth parameters such capsule length, number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant and number of seeds per capsule were significantly different among the varieties. Yield performance of the sesame varieties was also significantly different. It was observed that Humera variety showed the highest seed yield of 2.82 ton per hectare while the Indian variety has given the lowest seed yield of 0.67 ton per hectare. The highest straw yield of 3.45 ton per hectare was recorded for Local variety while the lowest straw yield of 2.76 ton per hectare was observed in Setit variety. Likewise the highest biological yield of 6.18 ton per hectare was observed at Dunyar variety while the lowest biological yield of 3.61 ton per hectare was recorded for Indian variety. Conclusion: The growth and yield of these particular varieties did not outperform the local variety, thus, future studies would be essential to look for other alternative methods and cultivars that would help increase the productivity.
Advances in fiber‐based quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy for trace gas sensing

Fiber‐based quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) is a method for trace gas sensing with excellent properties such as high sensitivity and strong applicability. It has received extensive attention and become particularly attractive in recent years. Therefore, this invited paper analyzed and summarized the principle of its sensing as well as its technical characteristics. The latest research results, combed with the application mechanism and application fields of different types of QEPAS system, were introduced. Finally, its development trend was forecasted.
Prehistoric Farming Impacts and Erosion Revealed Through a Palaeolimnological Investigation of Lough Inchiquin, Co. Clare, Western Ireland

ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of a multi-proxy, palaeolimnological investigation of Lough Inchiquin, a large lake located immediately south of the Burren, a distinctive karst landscape in Co Clare, western Ireland which has been exploited since the Neolithic period. Chironomid sub-fossil analysis and lake sediment geochemistry provides an opportunity to infer lake response to prehistoric farming activity. The results of these new analyses are contextualised by pollen and loss-on-ignition evidence from the same lake catchment. The combined data of chironomid, loss-on-ignition (LOI550, LOI950 and non-combustible fraction (NCF)), organic geochemistry (δ13Corg, δ15N, Corg:N ratio), inorganic geochemistry (Ti, Fe, Mn, S and δ18O) and fossil pollen has allowed for an in-depth understanding of the palaeolimnological and palaeoenvironmental changes from the Mesolithic to the Late Bronze Age (c. 4590–660 BC) in the catchment of Lough Inchiquin. The data highlight the increasing ecological impact of anthropogenic activity through time and provide well-dated evidence for the initiation of Holocene soil erosion from the Burren.
Unmet needs for CKD care: from the general population to the CKD clinics—how many patients are we missing?

Abstract Introduction Prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) varies around the world. Little is known about the discrepancy between the general population's needs and nephrology care offered. We aimed to contribute to filling this gap and propose a means to infer the number of patients needing follow-up. Methods All patients undergoing at least one nephrology consultation in 2019 were enrolled. We used the ratio between CKD Stages 3 and 4 reported in the literature, and considered that only 25–50% of CKD Stage 3 patients have progressive CKD, to hypothesize different scenarios to estimate the number of CKD Stage 3 patients still needing nephrology follow-up. Results The 1992 CKD patients were followed-up in our centre (56.93% males; age 66.71 ± 18.32 years; 16.82% Stage 1; 14.66% Stage 2; 39.46% Stage 3; 19.88% Stage 4; 7.68% Stage 5). The ratio between Stages 3 and 4 in population studies ranged from 7.72 to 51.29, being 1.98 in our centre. Hypothesizing that we followed-up 100, 70 or 50% of CKD Stage 4 patients, 528–2506 CKD Stage 3 patients in our area would need nephrology follow-up [1885–8946 per million population (p.m.p.)]. Three to 17 additional nephrologists p.m. p. would be necessary to fully cover the need for care. Conclusions The number of patients with CKD Stage 3 who would benefit from nephrology care is high. Considering that one patient-year of delay of dialysis could cover a nephrologist’s annual salary, interventions aimed to improve the care of advanced CKD may be economically sound.
Kalman's filtering technique in structural equation modeling

"Structural equation modeling finds linear relations between exogenous and endogenous latent and observable random vectors. In this paper, the model equations are considered as a linear dynamical system to which the celebrated R. ~E. ~K\'alm\'an's filtering technique is applicable. An artificial intelligence is developed, where the partial least squares algorithm of H. ~Wold and the block Cholesky decomposition of H. ~Kiiveri et al. are combined to estimate the parameter matrices from a training sample. Then the filtering technique introduced is capable to predict the latent variable case values along with the prediction error covariance matrices in the test sample. The recursion goes from case to case along the test sample, without having to re-estimate the parameter matrices. The algorithm is illustrated on real life sociological data. "
Adolescents with substance abuse problems in outpatient treatment: A one-year prospective follow-up study

Aim: There is a lack of knowledge about how adolescents with substance abuse problems manage after taking part in treatment. It is also difficult to perform traditional follow-up studies with this group. This article presents the outcome of a prospective study of 455 adolescents who underwent outpatient treatment, based on data taken from official registers. It aims to describe and analyse indications of continued use of substance (CUS) and how various risk and protective factors predict outcomes after initiated treatment at a Maria clinic in Sweden. Design: The study is based on structured interviews at intake, and the data that indicated CUS were taken from several different national registers. The analyses included descriptive data and bivariate associations, logistic regressions and a CHAID analysis. Results: Almost two thirds of the adolescents have no indication of CUS at one-year follow-up. The ten studied risk factors independently were weak predictors of CUS and it was instead the accumulation of risk factors that were linked to a negative outcome. Conclusion: The majority of adolescents who start outpatient treatment for substance abuse problems return to a lesser extent in registers that may indicate a continued problem with alcohol and drugs one year later. A concentration of more than five risk factors appears to be associated with a registration. The study also provides an example of an alternative method for following up adolescents with alcohol and drug abuse problems.
Exploring the experiences of non‐statutory homeless individuals who engaged in an adventure therapy intervention

It has been suggested that homeless people might struggle with access to accommodation and health services and experience poor mental health. Although housing support is suggested to be the most important service provision, it has been recommended that integrated approaches, incorporating both housing and psychosocial support, are required. Nevertheless, there is limited research exploring therapeutic interventions for homeless people. This study focuses on experiences of individuals experiencing “non- statutory” homelessness with self- reported mental health difficulties who were living in supported hostel accommodation and had engaged in an adventure therapy intervention. Semi- structured interviews with the use of repertory- grid technique were carried out with seven participants. Transcripts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Three master themes were identified: (a) respite from negative experiences of homelessness ; (b) empowerment in relation to developing a sense of purpose and increased perceived self- efficacy; and (c) changed worldviews in relation to themselves and others. Participants reported development of a community, which provided a holding environment to meet their expressed support and psychological healthcare needs. The psychological implications of this study point towards therapeutic interventions, which involve meaningful activities, encourage contact with the natural environment, provide a space of emotional containment and develop a sense of community as a means of improving sense of well- being.
Characteristics and Synoptic Patterns of Regional Extreme Rainfall over the Central and Eastern Tibetan Plateau in Boreal Summer

In this research, the observation datasets from 106 gauge stations over the central and eastern areas of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the ERA (ECMWF Re-Analysis)-Interim reanalysis datasets in the summers of 1981–2016 are used to study the characteristics and synoptic patterns of extreme precipitation events over the TP. By using a modern statistical method, the abnormal circulation characteristics at high, middle, and low latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere during extreme precipitation events over the central-eastern Tibetan Plateau are discussed, and the physical mechanisms related to the extreme precipitation events are investigated. The results show that the largest amount of extreme precipitation is found in the southern and eastern areas of the TP, where the frequency of daily extreme rainfall events (exceeding 25 mm) and the frequency of all extreme precipitation events both show obvious quasi-biweekly oscillation. When the daily extreme precipitation event threshold over the TP is met and more than 5 stations show daily extreme precipitation at the same time, with at least three of them being adjacent to each other, this is determined as a regional extreme precipitation event. As such, 33 regional daily extreme precipitation events occur during the summer periods of 1981–2016. According to the influence system, the 33 regional extreme precipitation events can be divided into three types, namely the plateau trough type, the plateau shear line type, and the plateau vortex type. For the plateau trough type, the South Asian high is anomalously strong at 100 hPa. For the other two types, the South Asian high is slightly weaker than usual. For the plateau shear line type, the development of the dynamic disturbance is the strongest, reaching 200 hPa. In the plateau trough type and plateau vortex type, the water vapor is transported by the westerly belt and the southwesterly flow from the Bay of Bengal.
Transfer Deep Learning for Reconfigurable Snapshot HDR Imaging Using Coded Masks

High dynamic range (HDR) image acquisition from a single image capture, also known as snapshot HDR imaging, is challenging because the bit depths of camera sensors are far from sufficient to cover the full dynamic range of the scene. Existing HDR techniques focus either on algorithmic reconstruction or hardware modification to extend the dynamic range. In this paper we propose a joint design for snapshot HDR imaging by devising a spatially varying modulation mask in the hardware and building a deep learning algorithm to reconstruct the HDR image. We leverage transfer learning to overcome the lack of sufficiently large HDR datasets available. We show how transferring from a different large‐scale task (image classification on ImageNet) leads to considerable improvements in HDR reconstruction. We achieve a reconfigurable HDR camera design that does not require custom sensors, and instead can be reconfigured between HDR and conventional mode with very simple calibration steps. We demonstrate that the proposed hardware–software so lution offers a flexible yet robust way to modulate per‐pixel exposures, and the network requires little knowledge of the hardware to faithfully reconstruct the HDR image. Comparison results show that our method outperforms the state of the art in terms of visual perception quality.
Discovering England’s burial spaces: Supporting community heritage

ABSTRACT Discovering England’s Burial Spaces (DEBS) was a two-year project to develop new tools and resources in support of community-led recording of the above-ground archaeology and tangible heritage of burial spaces. This article focuses on the role community groups had in the process of designing and building parts of the new surveying workflow, paying particular attention to the design of the recording system, the role of new digital tools in supporting surveys, and the barriers that might prevent community groups from archiving their research. While the focus is very much on these issues as they played out within the DEBS project itself, the challenges encountered and lessons learnt have implications for Citizen Science projects more broadly, and for researchers and heritage professionals developing new methodologies and tools.
International global health education for doctor of physical therapy students: a scoping review

Abstract Background The topic of international global health (IGH) education for Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students in the United States (US) has become more popular in recent years. Despite the expanding interest and wide variability in programming, little has been published to establish educational best practices for IGH for DPT students. Objectives The purpose of this scoping review was to identify, organize, and methodically review existing publications since 2010 in IGH education for DPT students. Methods Using the scoping review format based on the PRISMA ScR checklist, we searched the professional literature for all levels of evidence from the following databases: PubMed, Embase (embase.com), and CINAHL (EBSCOhost), with hand searches of key reference lists. The texts were English only and pertained to both IGH and US-based DPT programs. The researchers initially identified 592 studies; 27 met inclusion criteria for data extraction after eliminating duplicates. Results The primary purposes of IGH in these academic programs included one or more of the following: service learning, clinical education, cultural immersion, and research. No one educational program was identified to be more effective than others. Conclusions The results demonstrated significant breadth and variability of IGH education for DPT students. Future studies should explore the efficacy and efficiency of program types using established outcome measures to maximize students’ clinical and emotional preparedness for IGH work and enable comparisons across programs.
Effective data sampling techniques for machine learning OPC in full chip production

Data sampling is a corner stone in any machine learning applications, and ML-OPC is no different. As feature resolution and process variations continue to shrink for new nodes of both DUV and EUV lithography, the amount of data that can be collected can be enormous, and smart advanced data sampling will be indeed needed. In last year’s SPIE paper in Refs. 1, we explored how can we utilize parametric test patterns to augment random sampling to collect an improved training data set. Given that random sampling has been good enough for some older technology nodes, a new advanced way to sample the data became inevitable for newer nodes. In this paper, we explore a few techniques to improve the quality of the ML-OPC training data. We show how different sampling methodologies can affect the training and inference results. We start by exploring different techniques then compare the results of different sampling techniques using both geometrical and image parameters and compare to regular random sampling results. We will also show how the Proteus capsules made this work easy and accessible for the user. At the end, we will show how this work can be integrated in one Proteus Workflow (PWF) for easier exploration for the results.
Integrating Life in Education: An Indian Perspective

Abstract This article investigates a life education initiative from India, directed at children from primary to the end of secondary school. Over the course of the program, students learn to connect with their emotions and values, to understand that their lives are made of stories, and that they have a place in the larger community as agents of change. While not directly linked to religious education, the life education project presented here could be a stimulating source of inspiration to religious educators worldwide, regardless of their context.
An efficient approach for removing haze from single image using Gaussian pyramidal decomposition

The visibility of the image is degraded by haze components which are affected in image during image acquisition process. The haze removal process can be categorized into haze reduction from single image and haze reduction from multiple images. The second case consumes more time and the complexity of algorithm is high. In order to overcome such limitations, this paper proposes an efficient methodology for haze reduction in single acquired image. In this paper, haze detection and removing methodology is proposed using Gaussian pyramidal decomposition. This proposed methodology is tested on both indoor and outdoor haze affected images. The performance of this proposed haze removal algorithm is analyzed with respect to average running time and peak signal to noise ratio, mean square error, mean absolute error, Entropy, and normalized histogram intersection coefficient.
Development of a “fission-proxy” method for the measurement of 14-MeV neutron fission yields

Abstract Relative fission-yield measurements were made for 50 fission products from 25.6±0.5 MeV α-induced fission of Th-232. Quantitative comparison of these experimentally measured yields with the evaluated fission yields from 14-MeV neutrons on U-235 demonstrates the application of the Bohr-independence hypothesis for measuring fission yields. As optimum particle-target configurations may be impossible or compromised at a given facility, this new approach, fission-proxy, allows the measurement of fission yields for a given compound nucleus from an alternate reaction pathway since formation and subsequent decay are independent processes.
Australian mental health practitioners’ reported practice, beliefs, and barriers to the prescription of dietary change for mental health conditions

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate self-reported practice, beliefs, and barriers regarding prescription of dietary change for mental health from a range of mental health practitioners across Australia. Method: An online survey was completed by 193 Australian mental health practitioners. Results: Over 50% of practitioners reported prescribing dietary change for stress, depression, and anxiety at least weekly in their practice. Over half the practitioners considered dietary change to be 60-100% useful for enhancing mental health outcomes. Approximately one-quarter of the practitioners considered dietary change to be less than 40% useful for treating mental health conditions. Thematic analysis revealed the most frequently reported higher-order barrier themes were practitioner barriers (43.8%) and client barriers (29.2%), with insufficient skills and knowledge (15.9%) and client adherence (12.8%) being commonly cited initial codes. Conclusion: Mental health practitioners in Australia prescribe dietary change for mental health. However, barriers to prescription of dietary change for mental health need be addressed to overcome challenges associated with using it as a therapeutic intervention for mental health conditions. Universities and university training accreditation bodies should consider providing more extensive instruction in psycho-nutrition as part of mental health practitioners’ training. Likewise, further recognised professional development should be offered, and awarded, for already qualified practitioners. Key Points What is already known about this topic: Diet is becoming more accepted as having a substantial influence upon mental health. Improving diet quality has been acknowledged as serving a protective role in reducing the rate of cognitive decline. The importance of dietary change remains underestimated by mental health professionals for the treatment of mental health maladies. What this research adds: Results demonstrated over 50% of the sample of mental health practitioners reported prescribing dietary change for stress, depression, and anxiety at least daily or weekly in their practice. Approximately a third of the mental health practitioners reported believing dietary change to be 80-100% useful for mental health outcomes. Most frequently reported barriers to the prescription of dietary change for mental health were practitioner barriers (43.8%) and client barriers (29.2%) higher-order themes, with insufficient skills and knowledge (15.9%) and client adherence (12.8%) being commonly cited initial codes.
Postharvest Bee Diversity is High but Declines Rapidly with Stand Age in Regenerating Douglas-Fir Forest

Concerns about long-term pollinator declines have made assessing bee communities a priority in nonagricultural ecosystems, including managed forests. We assessed wild bee communities in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) stands one to 15 years after clearcut harvest in western Oregon, USA, testing the hypothesis that bee diversity would be high initially and then decline with time-dependent reductions in floral resources. We captured 2,009 individual bees that represented 67 distinct species/morphospecies in 20 genera and five families. Asymptotic estimators of bee diversity representing Shannon and Simpson diversity were greater in communities during the second half of the early seral period, indicating older early seral stands were less diverse and contained more common and dominant bee species. In addition, observed species richness and bee abundance peaked at approximately three years postharvest and declined thereafter by 20% and 30% per year, respectively. Because floral resources declined in concert with reductions in bee diversity as stands aged, food appears to be a key driver of forest bee communities. Our results indicate that postharvest Douglas-fir stands supported a diversity of bees, including important crop pollinators, but their value to bees was restricted to a relatively short window at the beginning of the early seral period. Study Implications: Postharvest Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) forests supported a range of wild bee species during the early seral period and observed bee species richness and abundance was strongly associated with floral resources. However, stands within three years of harvest harbored the most bees and greatest bee diversity, indicating their values to bees is limited to a short window of time during the early seral period. Therefore, actions taken by managers that promote floral resources and maintain early seral conditions on the landscape are expected to have the greatest benefit to wild bees and other insect pollinators within managed forests.