Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trypanosomal TAC40 constitutes a novel class of mitochondrial β- barrel proteins specialized in mitochondrial genome inheritance Short title: OM protein of T. brucei mediates kDNA segregation

Mitochondria cannot form de novo but require mechanisms allowing their inheritance to daughter cells. In contrast to most other eukaryotes Trypanosoma brucei has a single mitochondrion whose single unit genome is physically connected to the flagellum. Here we identify a β-barrel mitochondrial outer membrane protein, termed TAC40, that localizes to this connection. TAC40 is essential for mitochondrial DNA inheritance and belongs to the mitochondrial porin protein family. However, it is not specifically related to any of the three subclasses of mitochondrial porins represented by the metabolite transporter VDAC, the protein translocator TOM40 or the fungi-specific MDM10, a component of the ER-mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES). MDM10 and TAC40 mediate cellular architecture and participate in transmembrane complexes that are essential for mitochondrial DNA inheritance. In yeast MDM10, in the context of the ERMES, is postulated to connect the mitochondrial genomes to actin filaments, whereas in trypanosomes TAC40 mediates the linkage of the mitochondrial DNA to the basal body of the flagellum. However, TAC40 does not co-localize with trypanosomal orthologues of ERMES components and, unlike MDM10, it neither regulates mitochondrial morphology nor the assembly of the protein translocase. TAC40 therefore defines a novel class of mitochondrial porins that is distinct from VDAC, TOM40 and MDM10. However, whereas the architecture of the TAC40-containing complex in trypanosomes and the MDM10-containing ERMES in yeast is very different, both are organized around a β-barrel protein of the mitochondrial porin family that mediates a DNA-cytoskeleton linkage which is essential for mitochondrial DNA inheritance. Significance statement During cell division mitochondria and their genomes need to be transmitted to the daughter cells. In the parasitic protozoa Trypansoma brucei we find a unique situation. It has a single mitochondrion with a single unit genome that is physically connected to the flagellum. Here we identify the β-barrel mitochondrial outer membrane protein TAC40 that localizes to this connection. TAC40 is essential and defines a novel subclass of mitochondrial porins that are specialized in mitochondrial genome inheritance. A comparative analysis reveals a conserved concept of a mitochondrial DNA inheritance mechanism in trypanosomes and yeast that depends on a physical linkage between mitochondrial DNA and the cytoskeleton which is organized around a β-barrel protein of the mitochondrial porin family.
Through the Mud or in the Boardroom: Examining Activist Types and their Strategies in Targeting Firms for Social Change

We examine the variety of activist groups and their tactics in demanding firms’ social change. While extant work does not usually distinguish among activist types or their variety of tactics, we show that different activists (e.g., social movement organizations versus religious groups and activist investors) rely on dissimilar tactics (e.g., boycotts and protests versus lawsuits and proxy votes). Further, we show how protests and boycotts drag companies “through the mud” with media attention, whereas lawsuits and proxy votes receive relatively little media attention yet may foster investor risk perceptions. This research presents a multifaceted view of activists and their tactics and suggests that this approach in examining activists and their tactics can extend what we know about how and why firms are targeted.Managerial summary: The purpose of this study was to examine how different types of activist groups behave differently when targeting firms for social change. We find that traditional activist groups rely on boycotts and protests, whereas religious groups and activist investors rely more on lawsuits and proxy votes. Additionally, we find that protests and boycotts are associated with greater media attention, whereas lawsuits and proxy votes are associated with investor perceptions of risk.
Statistical optimization for alkali pretreatment conditions of narrow-leaf cattail by response surface methodology.

Response surface methodology with central composite design was applied to optimize alkali pretreatment of narrow-leaf cattail (Typha angustifolia). Joint effects of three independent variables; NaOH concentration (1-5%), temperature (60-100 oC), and reaction time (30-150 min), were investigated to evaluate the increase in and the improvement of cellulosic components contained in the raw material after pretreatment. The combined optimum condition based on the cellulosic content obtained from this study is: a concentration of 5% NaOH, a reaction time of 120 min, and a temperature of 100 oC. This result has been analyzed employing ANOVA with a second order polynomial equation. The model was found to be significant and was able to predict accurately the response of strength at less than 5% error. Under this combined optimal condition, the desirable cellulosic content in the sample increased from 38.5 to 68.3%, while the unfavorable hemicellulosic content decreased from 37.6 to 7.3%.
Fluorometric determination of curcumin in yogurt and mustard

A method for the fluorometric determination of curcumin in acetonitrile is described. By the normal, synchronous, and synchronous first and second derivative techniques determinations can be made between 0.27 and 1500 ng/mL. A detection limit of 0.08 ng/mL was achieved with the direct and synchronous approach. The method is applied to the determination of curcumin in several yogurt and mustard samples. The rhizomes of Curcuma longa Linn (Turmeric) are used as a natural coloring matter in food processing. The rhizomes contain 1-5 7% curcumin [1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3methoxyphenyl)-l,6-heptadiene-3,5-dionel and two related demethoxy compounds present in small amounts. So far, there has been no reason to believe that the consumption of curcumin by man as a part of the diet is associated with any deleterious effects. WHO/FAO has approved specification for curcumin and a temporary acceptable daily intake of 0-0.1 mgikg body weight (FAO, 1974). However, because of the emphasis on the use of curcumin as a natural food colorant, a number of methods have been developed to measure the total color. The method most widely used for quantification of curcumin is a direct spectrophotometric method (ASTA, 1958), but a lack of reproducibility is observed (Govindarajan, 1980). Also, an intensely colored complex can be developed by reaction with boric acid (Satyanarayana et al., 1969; AOAC, 1970); this test is reported to give inconclusive results because of interference from coextractives (Karasz et al., 1973). Curcumin exhibits strong fluorescence in organic solvents. A direct method has been developed for detection of curcumin (Karasz et al., 1973). A fluorometric method for quantitative total curcuminoids determination has been proposed with a minimum concentration that could be determined in the order of 5 ng/mL (Wahlstrom and Blennow, 1978); however, no optimization parameters have been realized, and no better analytical conditions are established.
INTESTINAL CHARACTERISTICS, ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND BROILERS PERFORMANCE IN RESPONSE TO EXTRACTED AND MECHANICAL SOYBEAN MEAL REPLACED BY FISH MEAL

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the extracted (ES) and mechanical (MS) soybean meals two levels 25% and 35% in broiler chicken feeding. Three hundred and fifty two one-day-old unsexed Lohman chickens were placed in four treatments by 4 replicates and 22 chickens in each in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. Feed intake was increased significantly in starter period by ES in comparison with MS. Feed conversion ratio was significantly improved when 25% of ES was replaced by fish meal compared with 35% of ES in starter period. Body weight was significantly higher by 25% ES replaced by fish meal in comparison with 25 and 35% MS in grower period. Metabolizable energy was declined in all options (AME, AMEn, TME and TMEn) in MS than ES. Significant depressing in jejunum length was observed by 35% in the two types of soybean meal compared with 25% mechanical soybean meal replaced by fish meal in 14 days. In more details, villous length was lower by mechanical soybean meal in comparison with ES. Alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity was significantly higher in 35% ES in comparison with 25% ES replaced by fish meal and 35% MS in 14 days. In contrast, alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity was reduced remarkably by 35% mechanical soybean meal compared with 25% extracted soybean meal replaced by fish meal in starter period. Urease activity in extracted soybean meal (0.07) was lower than mechanical soybean meal (0.22). The results of this study have shown better performance by extracted soybean meal compared with mechanical soybean meal. In spite of this, less expensively processed mechanical soybean meal (MS) at 25% level replaced by fish meal could be more economical in broiler chicken feeding.
Opening the “Black Box” in the Consumer's Mind: Understanding What is Neuromarketing

Neuromarketing(NM) and its predecessor, neuroeconomy, use clinical information about brain functions andmechanisms to help explain what happens in the “black box”, predominant in many explanations aboutconsumer behavior. This paper has the objective of showing the most recent discussions about the concepts andapplications of NM techniques, by means of a literature review. It was found that there is still much controversyabout the scope of what should be considered NM or even if it is a sub-area of marketing or a sub-field ofneuroscience or neuroeconomics. Furthermore, the potential ethical problems of this research have still beenlittle discussed. Although some research has addressed this issue, very little was done to control this line ofresearch to avoid abuse and invasion of privacy by companies or specialized consultancies.
Incivility of Nurses in Uganda: Causes and Skills Needed to Cultivate Civility

The research was undertaken to establish the causes of incivility and skills needed for cultivating civility among practising nurses. Workplace incivility is a common phenomenon. Unfortunately, not much is known about it in Uganda’s health sectors and this motivated this research. A qualitative approach was used and a total of 195 respondents were interviewed to establish their experiences with nurses in public and private hospitals around Kampala. The qualitative data was thematically analysed. Incivility was found to be higher in the public than in the private hospitals, and with diverse causes. The lowest rates were in the Christian-founded not-for-profit facility. Interpersonal skills were found to be most needed to cultivate civility. Nursing administrators are instrumental to cultivating civility. They and other stakeholders are, however, cautioned that all these take commitment and careful planning if better outcomes are to be realised from the nurses and the health sector in general. Keywords : incivility, nurses, health sector, Uganda.
Compatible and Confidentiality-Preserving Friend Matching in Mobile Cloud

The social networks such as Facebook, Line or Wechat recommend the friends for the users based on user’s personal data such as common contact list or mobility traces. However, outsourcing users’ personal information to the cloud for friend matching will raise a serious privacy concern due to the potential risk of data abusing. In this study, we propose a novel Scalable and Privacy-preserving Friend Matching protocol, or SPFM in short, which aims to provide a scalable friend matching and recommendation solutions without revealing the user’s personal data to the cloud. Different from the previous works which involves multiple rounds of protocols, SPFM presents a scalable solution which can prevent honest-but-curious mobile cloud from obtaining the original data and support the friend matching of multiple users simultaneously. We give detailed feasibility and security analysis on SPFM and its accuracy and security have been well demonstrated via extensive simulations. The result show that our scheme works even better when original data is large.
Understanding Economic Growth in Indian States

The present study tries to understand the trends and determinants of economic growth in Indian states. For this, it considers two important determinants such as infrastructure and financial development. With the help of panel time series models, the study concludes that although both the variables are highly correlated with economic growth, it is the social sector development that is having higher impact on the economic growth. In terms of the role of financial sector, the results show that although it is necessary to have development in terms of increase in number of bank branches, it is the extent of bank business that is more important in the growth process.
Modelling the efficacy and profitability of mitigation strategies for greenhouse gas emissions on pastoral dairy farms in New Zealand

New Zealand’s commitment to the Kyoto Protocol requires agriculture, including dairy farming, to reduce current greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by about 20% by 2012. This modelling exercise explored the cumulative impact of dairy management decisions on GHG emissions and profitability at the farm level. The objective was to maintain production, but reduce GHG emissions per unit of land and product. A recent survey (Groundwork Associates; Hamilton, New Zealand) collated the views of experts regarding available technologies for GHG mitigation on farm. This, together with performance indicators for dairy farms obtained from DairyBase (DairyNZ), formed the basis for the exercise (Figure 1). A farm scale computer model (DairyNZ’s Whole Farm Model) with a mechanistic cow model (Molly) was used to model an average, all-pasture Waikato farm over different climate years. A mitigation strategy based on reduced milker replacement rates was then added to this baseline farm and modelled over the same years. Three more strategies were added, including improved cow efficiency (higher genetic merit), improved pasture management (better pasture quality), and home-grown maize silage (increased total yield and reduced N intake), and modelled to predict milk production, intakes, methane, urinary-N, and operational profit. Profit was calculated from 2006/07 economic data, where milksolids payout was $4.09/kg. The Overseer nutrient budget model was used with these scenarios and two more strategies added: standing on loafing pads during wet conditions and nitrification inhibitors. Overseer predicted total GHG emissions in CO2 equivalents and included some life cycle analysis of emissions from fertiliser manufacturing, fuel and electricity generation. The simulations suggest an implementation of these strategies could decrease GHG emissions by 27–32% while increasing profitability by up to $821/ha/annum on a Waikato dairy farm. Success requires production to be maintained by increasing the efficiency of milk production from forage. This may be achieved by a combination of high (but realistic) reproductive performance leading to low involuntary culling, using crossbred cows with high genetic merit producing 430 kg milksolids/yr, and pasture management to increase average pasture and silage quality by 1 MJ ME/kg Dry Matter. These efficiencies enable stocking rate to be reduced from 3 to 2.3 cows/ha. Nitrogen from fertilisers would be reduced to less than 50 kg/ha/yr and include “best practice” application of nitrification inhibitors. Considerable GHG mitigation may be achieved by applying optimal animal management to maximise efficiency, minimise wastage and target N fertiliser use.
Observations on the Prospects for a Private University Sector in Ontario

Unlike the United States, the Canadian provinces have established public monopolies of degree-granting institutions to which there are few private exceptions. This paper offers a case-study of challenges to the public monopoly in university education in one province—Ontario. Recently, the Ontario Council on University Affairs has been hearing the opinions of a number of interest groups and private colleges which have challenged the regulations limiting broad degree-granting privileges to the existing publicly-funded universities and their affiliates. Following a brief historical account of the development of the public monopoly, the arguments of these proponents of private universities are reviewed and evaluated under the headings of their proposed benefits of "accessibility", "diversity" and "quality". It is concluded that, from a sociologist's perspective, the arguments for the establishment of private universities in the province are not strong. However, given the current emphasis on privatization, the pressure for private universities will probably continue to grow in all Canadian provinces. Thus, a recommendation is made for improvement of Ontario's current inadequate affiliation arrangements.
Solutions from nature for building envelope thermoregulation

The building envelope has to maintain a thermal comfort for the occupants. Current technologies for buildings consider the envelope as a thermal barrier or a shield that has to be insulated to prevent heat loss and allow it to be open to dissipate heat if necessary. More efficient thermoregulation solutions can be found in nature. Organisms can manipulate their body temperature by behavioural or physiological means as an adaptive response to the environmental changes. In this paper we present performance taxonomy of organisms that facilitate thermoregulation in nature, and we discuss their possible application in building envelopes. Moreover, we present an application case of such taxonomy for an evaporative cooling system for building envelopes.
CRITICAL-BAND FILTER ANALYSIS OF SPEECH SENTENCES

Two-hundred English sentences, each spoken by 10 native speakers (5 females and 5 males) of British English, were analyzed with a bank of 20 critical-band filters. Principal component analysis was applied to the power fluctuation of filter outputs. The first three components accounted for 35.3% of the total variance. A varimax rotated solution of the components was obtained. The first component was interpreted as a "sonority filter" that is closely related to the first and the second formants of vowels. The second component seemed to be related with nasalization, and the third component with fricatives, affricates, and stops. The existence of common frequency channels in perceiving normal speech and noise-vocoded speech were suggested.
Objective Evaluation of Workplace Stress of Kindergarten Teachers at Nazareth Kindergarten

To prevent kindergarten teacher’s resignation due to workplace stress, and to maintain better education, we established the stress evaluation method based on the measurement of the autonomic nervous system’s activity (ANSA) by M-BIT, and we applied it to evaluate and decrease workplace stress. We proposed the method of detecting the subject with large stress and remains stress by the distribution of epoch values of sympathetic nervous system’s activity (SNSA) during awake and sleep, respectively. We also proposed the method to evaluate the degree of chronic unhealthy of ANSA, normal, incoordination of ANSA or depressed state based on epoch values of coefficients of variation of RR intervals (CVRR) during awake, and co-use of Self-Rating Scale increases the accuracy of evaluation. Furthermore, we proposed that status of ANSA, normal, incoordination of ANSA and depressed state can be evaluated by the CVRR and SNSA values measured by 120 seconds stress application measurement. We found that the chronic continuation of large SNSA does not always lead to chronic unhealthy state of ANSA. Hence, we proposed two dimensional evaluation of SNSA with CVRR, and separation of stress to passive stress and active stress.
Tree species community spatial structure in a terra firme Amazon forest, Brazil

Fueron mapeados los arboles con diametro a la altura del pecho ≥ 10,0 cm en un bosque tropical lluvioso "terra firme" de la amazonia brasilena, en el Sitio Experimental de EMBRAPA, Manaus, Brasil. Las relaciones de 68 especies arboreas con las propiedades del suelo fueron determinadas mediante analisis de correspondencia canonica sobre la base de nueve variables del suelo. En este analisis, las especies fueron agrupadas en dos grupos: uno, donde estas crecen principalmente en arena, con suelos de bajo contenido de materia organica, y otro, con especies que se desarrollan principalmente en suelos secos y arcillosos. La funcion K de Ripley fue utilizada para analizar la distribucion de las especies en 32 parcelas de 2.500 hasta 20.000 m2, con el fin de determinar si cada grupo presenta cierto grado de agregacion espacial como resultado de variaciones del suelo. Una agregacion espacial significativa para los dos grupos solo se encontro en unidades de muestreo > 10.000 m2, en particular, para especies en suelos arcillosos y ambientes mas secos, en los que las unidades de muestreo parecian cumplir con los requisitos de las especies. Variables del suelo, mediadas por la posicion topografica, influyeron la agregacion espacial de especies, principalmente en la gama de distancias intermedia a grande (≥ 20 m). Segun los resultados, se concluye que la heterogeneidad ambiental y tamanos de unidades de muestreo de por lo menos 10.000 m2 se deben considerar en los estudios de dinamica de bosques con el fin de entender los procesos espaciales que estructuran la selva tropical "terra firme" en la amazonia brasilena.
Thermo-acoustic and nonlinear properties of Milk in NaHCO3 using Volume expansion coefficient

Thermo-acoustical parameters of liquid mixture of milk+NaHCO3 have been evaluated with different mass concentration of NaHCO3 in milk at different temperatures 283.15K-303.15K. The Moelwyn-Hughes parameter has been utilized to establish some simple relations between the available volume, Bayer’s non-linearity parameter, internal pressure and Sharma constant. A relationship among the isobaric, isothermal and isochoric thermo-acoustical parameter have been studied and analyzed in the case of milk+NaHCO3. The Sharma’s parameter S0 remains invariant with the mass concentration over a wide range of temperature and retains its characteristics value i.e. 1.11±0.01 in case of present liquid system. The present treatment has the distinct advantage of volume expansivity, density and ultrasonic velocity measurement in a particular solution of milk to detect chemical additives. Analysis of such type is not found so far in literature.