Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transition from an MBBS to an MD program – Using innovation and thinking outside the square

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background There has been a trend globally to move from a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) to a Doctor of Medicine (MD) for primary medical education. This shift has seen many Australian universities change to an MD, mostly from graduate entry programs. This paper describes the novel and unique 3+2 model from one Australian university, that enabled undergraduate entry, student flexibility, and a master’s exit qualification without increasing time. Methods The method included a curriculum review in 2013 where its problem-based learning curriculum shifted from a seven to a five-semester program; changing the third year to a virtual hospital clinical year using simulation, and introducing in 2016 a new 3+2 curriculum model in the final two years using a 100 point system as a masters level program. Results The MD model was described in the external evaluation as ‘novel and innovative’, where students can choose from three project options - a research project, or a professional project or an international capstone experience as well as a number of scholarly tasks. The structure is fully integrated with the existing curriculum and assessment process, supported by an innovative technology platform. Conclusion Now in its third year of implementation this innovative model is breaking new ground in the way in which a masters level MD program could be developed, whilst maintaining undergraduate entry.
School leadership and Aboriginal student outcomes: systematic review

ABSTRACT This paper reports one part of a broader Aboriginal Voices Project that has been undertaken by 13 Australian researchers bringing together 10 systematic reviews on Aboriginal School Education. The extent of collaboration and engagement between school and community leaders is important to influence joint decision-making and required to attain lasting change. This review investigates how leadership in both the school and community can contribute to effecting a sustained change in Aboriginal student learning and social outcomes. It also examined the impacts of school policy, governance and decision-making. Findings from the systematic review have highlighted six themes that exemplify the importance of leadership in establishing successful collaborations in Indigenous educational settings to impact positively on student social and academic outcomes.
THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF DEXAMETHASONE ON LIVER INJURY RATINDUCED BY LPS/D-GALN

The purpose of this article is to study the therapeutic effect of dexamethasone(dexamethasone,Dex) on lipopolysaccharide(LPS) combined D-galactosamine(D-GalN)-induced acute liver injury in rats and the corresponding mechanisms.Methods:(1)Rats were randomly divided into normal control group,model group,treatment group.Dex(10mg/kg),LPS(50g/kg) and D-GalN(300mg/kg) were injected intraperitonealy. ,plasma alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and tumor necrosis factor-а(TNF-а) levels of liver tissues,and hepatic histopathological changes were examined 16h after the treatment;(2)Rats were randomly divided into normal saline group and dexamethasone group,the survival rate in rats was observed for 10d after treatment,and survival curves were made accordingly.Results: ALT,AST,TNF-а expression in model group were significantly higher than the control group.However,the expression of ALT,AST and TNF-а was decreased significantly in the treatment group compared with the saline group.the mortality rate of the dexamethasone group significantly reduced compared with the saline group.Conclusion;Dex protect rats from LPS / D-GalN-induced liver injury by down regulating the expression of TNFa.
Perceptions of Police in Neighborhoods Receiving Community-Oriented Policing Services: Community Survey Results from the Restore Rundberg Initiative

Professional Development: The International Journal of Continuing Social Work Education is a refereed journal concerned with publishing scholarly and relevant articles on continuing education, professional development, and training in the field of social welfare. The aims of the journal are to advance the science of professional development and continuing social work education, to foster understanding among educators, practitioners, and researchers, and to promote discussion that represents a broad spectrum of interests in the field. The opinions expressed in this journal are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily reflect the policy positions of The University of Texas at Austin’s Steve Hicks School of Social Work. Professional Development: The International Journal of Continuing Social Work Education is published two times a year (Spring and Winter) by the Center for Social and Behavioral Research at 1923 San Jacinto, D3500 Austin, TX 78712. Our website at www.profdevjournal. org contains additional information regarding submission of publications and subscriptions. Copyright © by The University of Texas at Austin’s Steve Hicks School of Social Work. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A.
How to do things with epigenetics: An investigation into the use of metaphors to promote alternative approaches to health and social science, and their implications for interdisciplinary collaboration

Epigenetics is a multifaceted field within genetics and genomics which focuses on discovering mechanisms involved in gene expression and regulation. It came to public attention around the turn of the millennium when the human genome began to be deciphered. Initial findings from epigenetics research held the promise of changing how we think about health and illness, evolution and heredity; speculations about how individuals and populations could begin to control such processes through epigenetics were then picked up in the public realm. In this article we concentrate on two normally distant domains within the public sphere: the advertising of alternative health products and services, and the promotion of alternative approaches to social science, especially around how social science deals with the ‘biosocial’. Using insights from social representations theory and methods aligned with metaphor analysis, we investigate the meanings of epigenetics rooted in the use of metaphors and commonplaces that are circulating in current popular parlance and that are used to promote academic theories and ideas as well as tangible products and services. We compare and contrast them and assess their implications for collaborations between natural and social scientists. Our findings reveal some surprising similarities between the metaphors and commonplaces used by advertisers and social scientists, based in large part on the fact that both groups draw on the work of prominent epigeneticists. In both instances some fundamental tenets of mainstream biology are contested, and hopes are created for improving individual or population well-being through the manipulation of epigenetic mechanisms. Both domains share some misunderstandings of epigenetics that might lead to problems with interdisciplinary collaborations between social and natural scientists.
Provincialising STS? A View from Latin America: A Note on Workshop

In the recent ESOCITE Congress (Latin American Society for the Social Study of Science and Technology) in Santiago Chile, some of us2 made a call for a session to debate the topic: Provincialising STS? A view from Latin America.1 This was in response to some ideas put forward by several colleagues from developed countries in recent years suggesting some lines to think about science and technology studies (STS) in contexts that might be called ‘non-hegemonic’. Thus, John Law called to ‘provincialise STS’, while others like Sandra Harding and W. Anderson proposed to think on ‘postcolonial STS. ’ Both explicitly include Latin America in their reflections. In this open session, we proposed to discuss some of these ideas, putting them in a dialogue with the development of STS in Latin America, although also looking towards other regions. The aim is to discuss critically from a historical perspective theoretical and methodological proposals, as well as empirical cases, to put them in the context of local historical developments. Contrary to the assertions of some authors from developed countries, who argue that post-colonial analyses in social studies on science are a recent phenomenon, we aim to show the diversity of studies in Latin America and how various theoretical-methodological references have been approached in the region, their uses and limitations. Given the time constraint, we decided that four colleagues from different countries would make brief presentations discussing this new attention to STS in peripheral contexts, while Lea Velho and Hebe Vessuri acted as chair and discussant of the session. As a set, we believe that the ideas presented contributed to enrich and refine the historical views of the Latin American STS field, taking into account its contextual, political, institutional cultural and cognitive dimensions. We include here all six views, with the promise of having full papers in the future.
Social Media Engagement With Strategy- and Issue-Framed Political News

Issue and strategy frames, oft-used ways of conveying political news, affect people’s political beliefs and attitudes, with strategic news frames producing greater cynicism and distrust than issue frames. Although some past research suggests that audiences prefer strategically framed news, it is not clear whether the public gravitates toward issue or strategy frames on social media. We partnered with a national news organization to conduct 48 tests of whether people more frequently clicked on, commented on, or reacted to strategy- or issue-based news. On Facebook, people were randomly shown different versions of posts about a news article, resulting in 967,260 impressions. Using meta-analytic techniques, we found significant heterogeneity across the tests. Overall, however, strategy-based news yielded more clicks, whereas issue-based news yielded more comments and reactions. The results were not moderated by whether the test mentioned a salient issue or the number of days until the election.
Self-reported mental health and mental illness among university music students in the United States

The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the self-reported mental health state of US music majors. The participants (n = 252) completed a researcher-designed online survey, including questions regarding mental health literacy and the DASS-21 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale). The survey also included three open-ended questions about mental health as music majors. We analyzed quantitative data using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and factor analysis; we coded and qualitatively analyzed open-ended responses. Results suggested that (a) a majority of music major participants in this study reported mild to extreme levels of depression, anxiety, and stress; (b) factor analysis of the Mental Health Literacy scale developed for this survey suggested a two-factor solution of mental health literacy, differentiated by locus of control; and (c) the heavy workload and curricular obligations, as well as the emotional connection to music-making and critique, contributed to self-reported challenges.
Entrepreneurial scaled behavioural indicators: Concept development and measure validation

Abstract The paper validated an instrument for measuring institutional profile for entrepreneurial activity in three economies in the Sub-Saharan Africa—specifically: Ghana, South Africa and Nigeria. The application of Scott’s taxonomy and Busenitz survey instrument consisting of regulatory, cognitive and normative dimensions of the institutional environment was used for the study. Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior was also employed as a theoretical underpinning of the study. A cross-sectional assessment design with three samples—one from each country was employed. The findings were extracted using Structural Equation Modelling with Amos version 24 software. A total of 663 questionnaires were elicited from different Business Schools in Ghana, South Africa and Nigeria. It was observed that Busenitz and others taxonomy was appropriate in measuring entrepreneurial activity in Africa, characterised with significant differences in the three dimensions of the institutional profiles across the countries towards entrepreneurial campaign. Inferences for future research, managerial practice and policy initiatives were all discussed.
Does workplace training participation vary by type of secondary level qualification? England and Germany in comparison

ABSTRACT Existing evidence shows that the higher the level of education the higher the likelihood to participate in workplace training. However, we know little about training participation of individuals educated to the secondary level, and whether this may vary by the type of qualification attained, i.e. vocational or general. Vocational qualification holders are known to find employment sooner after school than those with a general qualification but we do not know whether they are also more likely to participate in workplace training. Using data from the 2012 Programme of International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) and logistic regressions, we investigate whether vocational qualification holders are more likely to participate in workplace training than general ones in Germany and England. Germany is a coordinated labour market economy with a large emphasis on the provision of vocational qualifications which facilitate school-to-work transitions whereas England is an example of liberal labour markets where the focus is on general qualifications. Results show that in Germany general qualification holders are more likely to participate in training compared to vocational ones; however, differences reduce when controlling for endogeneity. In contrast, in England there is no difference between types of qualification.
Analisis Respon Siswa Terhadap Model Pairs, Investigation and Communication (PIC) dalam Pembelajaran IPA

: This research is a descriptive study that aims to describe and analyze the response of students in science learning model with PIC (Pairs, Investigation and Communication). This assessment was made as a continuation of the research that has been conducted in August - November 2016. Respondents were 30 students of class VIII F SMP Negeri 5 Situbondo. Data collection techniques used by questionnaire (questionnaire) and unstructured interview. The results of the data obtained and analyzed by quantitative descriptive in terms of percentage with the help of Excel for Windows. Percentage data obtained were analyzed by adjusting the existing categories. The results showed that all the aspects contained in the student questionnaire responses showed 85% with very good category. It show that learning Pairs, Investigation and Communication (PIC) received a positive response from students. Based on the results of interviews on a number of students, they are more willing to express an opinion, easier to carry out an investigation / inquiry and easier to understand the concept of learning.
Money and influence: philanthropies, intermediary organisations, and Atlanta’s 2017 school board election

ABSTRACT National philanthropies have recently played a prominent role in spending on U.S. urban school board elections, largely seeking to promote candidates who support charter schools. In Atlanta in 2017, 30 candidates competed for nine open school board seats. One practice has been to fund intermediary organisations (IOs) (e.g. advocacy groups, foundations) that disseminate information and research in an effort to shape public opinion. This paper analyses the role of IOs in the 2017 school board race in Atlanta. Drawing on 12 interviews with policymakers and IO representatives, analysis of campaign literature, and media accounts, the authors contrast the ways in which the intermediary and philanthropic sectors attempted to influence leaders’ framing of educational policy issues. Findings reveal a nascent capacity for IOs in Atlanta for shaping support for pro-charter board candidates. The paper discusses implications for understanding the role that IOs may play in the politics of urban education.
Philosophy, Counseling, and Psychotherapy

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The Perceptions of Teachers in Relation to Physical Education Curriculum and Instructional Plans

The purpose of this research was to investigate the perceptions of school elementary physical education and sports teachers with regard to physical education and sports curriculum and instructional planning. The sample of this study was 720 physical education and sports teachers from 16 cities in seven geographical regions in Turkey. Qualitative and quantitative data were obtained through questionnaire, observation and interviews. The results of the study confirmed that there is gap between desired and current situation of the physical education and sports curriculum goals and objectives, content, methods and techniques and assessment procedures.
Patient-Physiotherapist Relationships inSouth Indian Outpatient Settings:An Ethnographic Discourse Study

Therapeutic relationship traditionally has been considered as one of the non-medical factors that influence on patient’s treatment outcome. Previous literature explored the different dimensions of the relationship between patients and various health professionals in healthcare settings. However, in the field of physiotherapy, only very limited number of studies explored the social dimension of the therapeutic relationship. So, the purpose of the study is to identify how the interactional features, contextual factors and the underlying power mechanism influence the formation of the therapeutic relationship in the outpatient physiotherapy settings in South India. Critical realist ethnography is adopted as a method of this study (Hammersely & Atkinson, 2007, Sinead, 2017). Data were collected from outpatient physiotherapy departments in Kerala. Total 21 physiotherapists and 36 patients have participated in this study. Participant observation and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. The data collected in the local Malayalam language were translated to English and analysed using the elements from Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis and pragmatics (Fairclough, 2001; Alba-Juez & Mackenzie, 2016). Patient compliance to the treatment, solidarity forming conversations and issues associated with expectation are identified as the main elements that influence in creating the better therapeutic relationship. Based on these findings, three therapeutic relationship models were identified include mutual, consumerist and paternalistic therapeutic relationship model. This study discussed the possibilities of how the different elements associated with these models influence the formation therapeutic relationship. The findings of this study enable the Indian physiotherapist to identify the underlying social phenomena and provide an opportunity to determine how to create the better therapeutic relationship based on that. Also, this study acknowledges and provides an insight to the global physiotherapist to think further about the important role of the power discourse and the social exchange happening between the therapist and patient in different aspects of the therapeutic process.
Effectiveness of a "Planned Teaching Programme"(PTP) on Knowledge Related to Reproductive Tract Infections Among Rural Women

The most important period in the life span of women is the reproductive period, which extends from menarche to menopause. Reproductive tract infections are endemic in developing countries and entail a heavy toll on women. If untreated reproductive tract infections can lead to adverse health outcomes such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy and increased vulnerability to transmission of HIV. Quantitative evaluative approach was used and research design was one group pre-test post-test design. Sample were women of reproductive age group, sample size was 40 and sample technique was random sampling, setting for the study was Thano, Dehradun, tool used were self prepared knowledge questionnaire related to reproductive tract infections. Majority (80%) of the subjects were between 15 to 30 years. Majority (77.5%) of the subjects were married, majority of (77.5%) subjects had educational status up to higher secondary and above, majority of (55%) of the subjects have family monthly income above Rs 6,000, majority (65%) of the subjects were from nuclear family, majority of (57.5%) of the subjects had moderate pre-test knowledge score regarding reproductive tract infection. The mean of post-test knowledge score was higher than mean of pre-test knowledge score. Age, educational status and marital status had significant association with pre test knowledge score. Study showed that planned teaching programme regarding reproductive tract infections was effective in increasing women knowledge level. There was a significant association of knowledge level with age, educational status and marital status.
Wayfinding learning techniques and its challenges: a case study at malaysian association for the blind (MAB)

Navigating safely in the real environment especially in the outdoor setting requires a blind person to be equipped with the spatial knowledge and possess the skills in mobility and orientation. The aims of this study are to investigate the existing wayfinding learning techniques taught to blind people and to identify the challenges during the teaching and learning processes. A two days of observation during a mobility practical session was conducted at Malaysian Association for the Blind (MAB). The first objective was to explore the current techniques used by mobility instructor to teach visually impaired students for a wayfinding and second, to identify the challenges faced by the mobility instructor and the visually impaired students in the teaching and learning processes of wayfinding. The study discovered that the major problem faced by the mobility instructor was with the lack of teaching aids to describe a new environment to visually impaired students. This leads to the lack of time that caused the visually impaired students perceived insufficient information which was hard for them to construct the intended cognitive maps. From the findings, this paper concludes by discussing the recommendations primarily on the use of technology in addressing the problems identified in this study.
Strengthening the Character of Students through Product-Based Literary Learning

Building character is the main problem in education. A nation's education development strategy is, indeed, inseparable from the problem of human resources. Literary learning, as an inseparable part of the national development strategy in education, must be able to show its strategic meaning and play a solutive role in solving acute nation problems. Literary learning, which generally emphasizes the aspect of appreciation, must be accompanied by aspects of production. By emphasizing this aspect of production, students are engaged in creative activities when studying literature. Thus, students not only enjoy the literature but also act as creators of literature. In a more substantive and philosophical framework, this can change the students’ mentality from being a consumer or audience to being a producer or creator. From the consumers' mentality