Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formulação de bebida láctea fermentada sabor pêssego utilizando substratos alternativos e cultura probiótica

Nowadays, new food products are launched in the market, and the main focus of the dairy industry is on functional products. Thus, the first objective of this work was to develop a fermented dairy drink with probiotic characteristics. Furthermore, milk serum and soy hidrosoluble extract were used as substrates increasing the value of low cost raw materials that have functional features, as reported in the literature. Based on these aspects, an experimental design was used to investigate the formulation of a peach- flavored dairy drink using milk serum, cow milk and soy hidrosoluble extracts. The formulation with 30% of soy hidrosoluble extract, 36.6% of cow milk and 33.3% of milk serum was found as ideal in terms of sensorial analysis and cell growth evaluation. Organoleptical, physicochemical, and microbiological analyses determined the shelf life of the product. During the storage period, the peach- flavored dairy drink presented viable cells according to the Legislation (1 x 106 UFC.mL-1) for 22 days. The physicochemical quality changed slightly since the acidity presented high values after the 22nd day. The sensorial quality defined the shelf life as 14 days without the addition conservants due to the high acidity value of the fermented dairy drink determined.
Extraction of Gasohol Grade Ethanol from Aqueous Solution using Gasoline as Solvent

Liquid-liquid phase equilibria of ethanol - water - gasoline (‘iso-octane’, ‘octane’ ‘petrol’, ‘kerosene’ and ‘diesel’) were experimentally determined and the ternary phase diagrams of the systems were studied with an end in view to develop methods of producing ‘gasohol’ by a once through operation. Binodal curves of the different systems were, therefore, obtained to give quantitative ideas about the extent of extraction of alcohol from aqueous solution using gasoline. Phase equilibrium data, distribution coefficient and separation factor were obtained experimentally for ethanolwater- gasoline systems. The order of the heterogeneous region of the solvents is isooctane . ‘octane’ . ‘petrol’ ‘kerosene’> ‘diesel’. The distribution coefficient increases with increasing ethanol concentration in the feed; however, to the contrary the separation factor decreases. The distribution co-efficients are lower than 1 and the separation factors are greater than 10 for all of the solvents. Key words: Gasohol, solvent, solvent extraction, gasoline and liquid-liquid equilibria. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 42(3), 287-298, 2007
Effects of Urea Treatment on the Structure and Properties of Wheat Straw

The article proved the effects of urea treatment on the structure and properties of wheat straw, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle analyze (CAA) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) other methods. The results show that the urea treatment of wheat straw epidermis and lignin chemical structure has undergone significant changes, most of the inorganic components of wheat straw has dissolved, making the cellulose from the lignin parcels released while the lignin from hard degradable mesh macromolecules into small molecules of a straight chain of easily biodegradable, so that the anaerobic microorganisms to the degradation of cellulose and lignin can be more easily.
Model prediction, experimental determination, and control of emulsion copolymer microstructure

The intramolecular stmcture (triad distribution and tacticity parameter o . ) of well defined homogeneons styrene (S) • methyl acrylate (MA) oopoTymers, obtained by low-and high~onversion solution polymerization, bas been studied by H and C NMR. With the set of reactivity ratios r, = 0.73 and rm = 0.19 and elassical formulas, basedon Alfrey-Mayo (AM) kineties, it was possible to verify the experimentally observed triad distributions. 3.2. 2.1 Introduetton Determination of the intramolecular (triad distribution, tacticity) and intermolecular (chemical composition and molar mass distribution) copolymer microstmcture is generally reoognized as a prerequisite, since reveà. ling the mol~lar microstructure may supply information about the monomer addition process, e.g., about the preferenee of monomers to add in a (co }isoor oosyndiotactic oonfiguration.24.2S>, Moreover, knowledge about the intermolecular and intramolecular stmctures is of paramount importance for the onderstanding of relations between molecular stmcture and polymer properties26.2.28>. Furthermore, the microstructure depends upon the polymerization processes and provides information about the reaction mechanisms occurring during polymerization,30). NMR methods provide information about the average copolymer composition as well as about the intramolecular stmcture.2S>. However, the majority of publications concerning the elucidation of intramolecular microstmcture of copolymers deal with welldefined low-conversion ( < 15%) bulkor solution oopolymers. Several examples in the field of styrene-(meth)acrylate copolymers can be found in the literature,32,33,34,3S). Par less attention bas been paid to the determination of the microstructure of oopolymers obtained by high-eonversion solution processes36·37) or high-eonversion emulsion processes38,••\ even though high conversion is of great technological importance.
Rapid and highly sensitive luciferase reporter assay for the automated detection of botulinum toxin in the centrifugal microfluidic LabDisk platform

We developed a system for the detection of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) type A based on a highly sensitive luciferase reporter assay automated by the centrifugal microfluidic LabDisk platform. The assay is based on the detection of BoNT's proteolytic activity and generation of a bioluminescent signal due to the release of firefly luciferase, pre-bound to microbeads via a cleavable peptide linker, in response to BoNT. It detected purified BoNT, BoNT in complex with neurotoxin associated proteins, and the recombinant enzymatic BoNT light chain in buffer and whole milk in the concentration range of 8 pM to 6 nM with an analytical sensitivity and limit of detection of 10–39 pM and 6–14 pM, respectively. The intra-disk, intra-day and inter-day variability were in the range of 1–13%, 1–7% and 10–13%, respectively. The developed assay correlated well with the conventional microwell plate assay. It is superior to the conventional BoNT assays in terms of portability, cost-effectiveness, lesser sample requirement, lesser number of steps and detection of a broad spectrum of BoNT serotypes and subtypes. It takes only 30 minutes, which is ideal for point-of-need BoNT detection in the case of security threats and food monitoring.
Germinação de sementes de maracujá amarelo azedo em função de tratamentos térmicos.

Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar diferentes tratamentos termicos aplicados as sementes de maracuja amarelo azedo na uniformizacao da germinacao. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial (3 x 2) + 1, sendo os tratamentos gerados da combinacao de tres temperaturas (40°C, 50°C e 60°C), dois tempos de imersao das sementes (10 minutos e 15 minutos) em agua aquecida e uma testemunha (temperatura ambiente), com 4 repeticoes. Foram avaliadas as caracteristicas de porcentagem de germinacao e velocidade de germinacao, obtendo-se tanto a germinacao acumulada em 13 dias quanto o indice medio de velocidade de germinacao. Com base na percentagem de germinacao acumulada, os tratamentos podem ser agrupados em tres grupos: Grupo 1 - T1D2 com 75%; Grupo 2: T0, T1D1 e T2D2 com 55%, 53% e 52,5%, respectivamente; e Grupo 3 - T2D1, T3D1 e T3D2 com 35,5%, 17 % e 13,5%, respectivamente. O tratamento com a imersao das sementes de maracuja amarelo azedo, em agua aquecida a 40° C por 15 minutos, resulta em germinacao aproximada de 75% e melhor uniformidade de plântulas.
Preparation of Thin Mullite Films

Aluminosilicate glass films having compositions approximately that of mullite produced by reactive sputtering of aluminum-silicon alloys are discussed. Data are given on the speed of deposition under certain conditions for a variety of metal and ceramic substrates. Mullite crystals with the needle habit are formed from the initial amorphous film by subsequent heat treatment of about 1 hour at temperatures of 1100° to 1400°C. The number and size of the crystals are affected by firing conditions, composition, and thickness of the film and by nucleating agents such as carbon on the surface of the film as indicated by transmission electron micrographs of unsupported films. The reaction of the oxide films with some supporting ceramic substrates has also been studied.
Removal of Rhodamine B Dye Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Palm Kernel Shell and Coated with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

The efficacy of activated carbon prepared from Palm Kernel Shell (PKSAC) from agriculture biomass and coated with magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4) in the removal of Rhodamine B dye was investigated. Adsorption experiments were carried out at various initial pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, particle size, and temperature. Kinetic analyses were conducted using pseudo first order, pseudo second order and intra particle diffusion models. However, the regression results showed that the adsorption kinetics was represented more accurately by the pseudo second order model. The pseudo second order kinetic constant obtained was 1.7 × 10−4 min−1 at 323 K when 200 mg L−1 dye concentration was used. The equilibrium data were well described by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The Langmuir adsorption capacity was 625 mgg−1. The rate of adsorption improved with increasing temperature and the process was endothermic with ΔH value assessed at 80 kJmol−1. Results obtained reveal that activated carbon prepared from Palm Kernel Shell coated with magnetic nanoparticle from agriculture biomass can be an attractive option for dye removal from industrial effluent.
Synthesis of Anthraquinone Derivatives and their Conjugates with 2'-Deoxynucleosides as New Probes for Electron Transfer Studies in DNA

Anthraquinone (AQ) has been used in electron transfer studies in DNA. The focus of this dissertation is the synthesis of conjugates between AQ derivatives and 2’-deoxyadenosine (dA), which can be used to induce adenine oxidation in DNA. Different AQ derivatives were attached to dA via ethynyl or ethanyl linkers. If incorporated into DNA, these short linkers should enable regiocontrol for electron transfer from adenine within the DNA duplex structure. The challenge in working with anthraquinone-2’-deoxynucleosides conjugates is that they and their intermediates are insoluble in water and only sparingly soluble in most organic solvents. A strategy used to overcome this problem was the use of either tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) or 4,4’-dimethoxytrityl (DMTr) 5’-protected deoxynucleosides as starting materials. A watersoluble, ethynyl-linked AQ-dA conjugate with a 3’-benzyl hydrogen phosphate was synthesized using DMTr protection. The DMTr group was not stable to the hydrogenation required to make the ethanyl-linked AQ-dA conjugate with 3’-benzyl hydrogen phosphate. Hence the latter was synthesized starting with the TBDPS protecting group. Both of these syntheses were based on the Pd coupling between ethynylanthraquinone and 8-bromodeoxyadenosine derivatives. New conjugates between AQ and A, in which the AQ moieties have been modified with formyl, trifluoroacetyl and methyl ester groups as electron withdrawing substituents were also synthesized. The synthesis of these AQ-dA conjugates was based on Pd coupling between bromoanthraquinone and 8-ethynyldeoxyadenosine derivatives. This route avoided the use of ethynylanthraquinone derivatives that had extremely low solubility and photoinstability. Other anthraquinones with electron withdrawing groups (which should provide enhanced driving force to enable respective AQ derivative to oxidize adenine) were synthesized as models. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the conjugate with the two ester groups and ethynyl linker was the most easily reduced of the derivatives synthesized. Conjugates between AQ and dU were also synthesized. Those conjugates can potentially be used to oxidize guanine or adenine or they can be used as a deep trap for an electron in reduced DNA. INDEX WORDS: Anthraquinone, Electron transfer, Adenine oxidation, 2’-Deoxyadenosine, 2’-Deoxyuridine, Short linkers, tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl, 4,4’Dimethoxytrityl, 3’-Benzyl hydrogen phosphate, Ethynylanthraquinone, 8Ethynyldeoxyadenosine. SYNTHESIS OF ANTHRAQUINONE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR CONJUGATES WITH 2'-DEOXYNUCLEOSIDES AS NEW PROBES FOR ELECTRON TRANSFER STUDIES IN DNA
Curling instability induced by swelling

We study the spontaneous curving observed when a strip of tracing paper is deposited on a water surface. The differential swelling across the ribbon thickness leads to a curling of the sheet, with the curvature increasing to a maximum and then relaxing as the sheet becomes completely wet. We develop a theoretical model, in good agreement with our experimental observations and relevant to the understanding of curling instabilities induced by asymmetric swelling of natural or synthetic shells.
Response of chlorophyll a fluorescence, chlorophyll content, and biomass to dust accumulation stress in the medicinal plant, Plantago lanceolata L.

In arid and semi-arid areas of the world, excessive mineral aerosol carried by air parcels is a common climatic incident with well-known environmental side effects. In this study, the role of sand-dust accumulation was investigated on various aspects of photosynthetic yield of Plantago lanceolata including chlorophyll (Chl) a, b, effective quantum yield of PSII photosystem (ФPSII), maximal quantum yield of PSII photosystem (Fv/Fm), electron transport rate (ETR), and biomass. P. lanceolata was exposed to a gradient of dust concentrations (0.5 (T1), 1 (T2), and 1.5 g/m 3 (T3)) in a dust chamber for a period of 60 days. Results of this experiment indicated that chlorophyll content of shoot is negatively correlated with the intensity of
Single and combined application of two-phase olive mill waste and dairy cattle slurry to soil: Short-term effects on N and C dynamics

Abstract Two-phase olive mill waste (TPOMW) and dairy cattle slurry (CS) are two organic materials with low economic value and limited potential for reutilization despite their high concentrations of nitrogen (N) and organic matter. A laboratory incubation for ca. 100 d was performed to assess the short-term N and carbon (C) dynamics in a soil amended with TPOMW, CS and a mixture of both materials in order to: (i) explore the potential benefits of mixing TPOMW with CS to promote mineral N immobilization and avoid nitrate leaching, and (ii) assess the potential for increased soil C stocks after TPOMW, CS or TPOMW+CS application. Our results clearly showed that the combined application of TPOMW+CS caused N immobilization; hence, it contributes to tying up the applied N, resulting in a decrease of critical N leaching, which is usually observed after CS application. No clear N mineralization was observed in the TPOMW+CS treatment during the incubation period. It appears that an application of 30 Mg ha−1 of TPOMW is enough to decrease net N mineralization from applied CS, as the C:N ratio of the mixture TPOMW+CS is 27. More than 40% of the TPOMW-derived C remained in the soil at the end of the experiment in treatments with single and combined application of TPOMW+CS, indicating that such materials have the potential to increase C stocks in soil. It can be concluded that a combined application of TPOMW+CS is of interest to maintain the CS-derived N in organic form during a longer time period and minimize risks of nitrate leaching, although further studies are necessary to define a better TPOMW:CS ratio which allows a proper plant N uptake.
Preparation and Chromatographic Characteristics of a Protein-Coated Reverse Phase Column for Analysis of Drug in Plasma by Direct Injection

A protein-coated octadecylsilane (ODS) column was prepared. Efficiency and resolution of the column were studied using acenapthene and a mixture of methyl and propyl paraben, respectively. This ODS column was then coated with bovine serum albumin to form a protein-coated ODS column. The protein-coated column was also investigated for the chromatographic properties by using paracetamol and sulfamethoxazole as the model drugs. The capacity factor (k′), retention time (tR), and number of theoretical plates (N) of acenapthene on the ODS column were 9.24, 11.82 and 8,535, respectively. The resolution factor (Rs) of methyl and propyl paraben on the column was 13.82. The values of k ′, N, and tailing factor on the ODS column: protein-coated ODS column for paracetamol were 9.00:9.05, 8506:1815, and 1.14:1.3, respectively. Similar chromatographic properties for sulfamethoxazole on the ODS: protein-coated ODS column were found with k ′, N, and tailing factor of 7.04:7.06, 7790:1742, and 1.17:1.3, respectively. The protein-coated ODS column was successfully prepared. Although the column efficiency was reduced when the outer surface was coated with protein, the capacity and tailing factors of small molecules remained unchanged.
OPTIMIZATION OF A DUAL-MODE SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE SENSOR

OF THESIS OPTIMIZATION OF A DUAL-MODE SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE SENSOR Surface plasmon waves are TM polarized charge density waves that propagate at the interface of two media with real dielectric constants of opposite sign (i.e. liquid dielectric and certain metals). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors use these waves to detect refractive index changes adjacent to the metal layer. Refractive index changes arise from the binding of an analyte (e.g. a target molecule, protein, or bacterium) to the functionalized metal layer or from interfering effects such as changes in solution index. Standard, single channel SPR sensors cannot differentiate these two effects as their design allows only one mode to be coupled. This novel self-referencing technique employs two surface plasmon modes to simultaneously measure surface binding and solution refractive index. Dual surface plasmon modes are achieved by matching the refractive indices on either side of the metal film. The two modes generated symmetric, long-range surface plasmon (LRSP) and anti-symmetric, short-range surface plasmon (SRSP) have different field profiles and hence assist in differentiating solution refractive index changes from surface layer formation. Amorphous Teflon, with a refractive index close to water, is chosen as the buffer layer and gold is chosen as the metal layer. Magnesium fluoride, with a higher index than Teflon, is used as the buffer layer when using ethanol as the base solution. The sensor operation was optimized through simulations to yield higher sensitivity, lower reflectivity and resonances within the spectrometer’s range. Optimization results showed good performance over a wide range for Teflon, MgF2 and gold thicknesses which helped in the fabrication of the sensor. Demonstration of self-referencing operation was done through two different sets of experiments: (1) formation of an alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer on gold in the presence of ethanol and methanol solutions having different refractive indices and (2) streptavidin-biotin binding with solutions of different NaCl concentration and thus different refractive indices. In both these experiments, the resonance wavelengths were accurately predicted, reflectivity varied by 10-15% and sensitivity by 25% from that of the simulated values.
Theoretical models for ultracold atom-ion collisions in confined geometries

Ultracold atom-ion systems have been a topic of interest for atomic physicists studying chemical reactions and since recently, the cold ion community (ion trap quantum computation and simulation). They have been looking at the possibility of using an ultracold atom gas to sympathetically cool ions since intrinsic motional modulation i.e micromotion is an inherent cause of decoherence in coherent applications of cold ions. Interest is also piqued by the possibility of using this hybrid system for studying impurity physics and to better understand ion-neutral reactions aimed at creation of molecular ions. In this thesis, we aim to study the effect of ion micromotion in atom-ion collision. As a prelude, we treat the 1D collision of a particle in a harmonic trap (ion) and a free particle (atom) using different numerical schemes. This system is of interest in its own right due to the mixed 0D-1D dimensionality. Atom-ion potential is simpliﬁed to a zero range potential all through out the work. Next we deal with a similar problem but with the trapped particle in a time dependent harmonic trap identical to an ion Paul trap. Finally we extend the study of micromotion to a model system in 3D with an ion in a 3D spherical Paul trap and a heavy atom at the trap centre. We discuss the effect micromotion has on potential applications of such a system, like a quantum phase gate.
Texture Profile of Ripening Pears

SUMMARY— Pears of the Ovid variety were harvested at the normal stage of maturity, and ripened in a 70°F storage room. Samples of the fruit were taken out at regular intervals for texture measurements which consisted of the Magness-Taylor pressure test and a modified General Foods Texture Profile. The adhesiveness of the pears was zero. The viscosity of the whole fruit could not be measured. All other parameters of the G. F. Texture Profile (hardness, cohesiveness, elasticity, brittleness, chewiness, and gumminess) decreased during ripening at approximately the same rate as the pressure test. It is suggested that this characteristic of ripening pears is responsible for the success of a simple single measurement (the puncture test) for measuring the complex phenomenon that is called “textural quality” of pears.
Bioremediation of Chromium (VI) by Bacillus aerophilus VIT SN Strain

Bacterial strain (CDB1) which is more efficient to transform/ reduce Cr (VI) to Cr (III) was isolated from Common Effluent Treatment Plant of Ranipet, Tamil Nadu. Based on biochemical characterization, it was identified as Bacillus sp. and after sequencing, it showed 99% similarities with Bacillus aerophilus and thus named as Bacillus aerophilus VIT SN strain. Optimum pH and temperature for the growth of bacterial isolate were found to be 7.5 and 37°C respectively. The isolated bacteria showed maximum growth on media containing 2% NaCl and they were able to survive in media containing K2Cr2O7 as source of Cr (VI) up to 500 ppm concentration. Although slight decrease of growth was also noticed when it was incubated in LB broth containing 100 ppm K2Cr2 O7 in comparison to control (absence of K2Cr2O7). The ability to reduce hexavalent chromium to trivalent form by Bacillus aerophilus VIT SN strain was estimated by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). It showed 95%, 94%, 90%, 85% and 73% degradation ability for 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, 400 ppm and 500 ppm concentration of K2Cr2O7respectively as source of Cr (VI). The bacterial strain showed maximum growth in culture broth containing Dextrose (DEX) and Yeast Extract (YE) supplemented as carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. Apart from Chromium, Bacillus aerophilus VIT SN strain also showed resistance to other heavy metals such as Cadmium (500 ppm), Lead (500 ppm), Zinc (500 ppm) and Copper (300 ppm) up to certain concentration.