Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A descriptive analysis of drug treatment patterns and burden of illness for pediatric patients diagnosed with partial-onset seizures in the USA

correspondence: Mallik Angalakuditi georgia state University, robinson school of Business, Atlanta, gA, UsA Tel +1 203 798 5150 email hydmallik02@hotmail.com Purpose: The objective of this retrospective claims study was to describe antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment patterns and burden of illness in children with epilepsy. Methods: Data were administrative claims from a US commercial health plan. Patients were between 2 and 17 years of age and had one or more pharmacy claims for an oral AED from July 1, 2005, to November 30, 2009. The index date was defined as the first AED claim. Patients had one or more medical claims for epilepsy (ICD-9-CM 345.xx) during the 6-month pre-index period and were continuously enrolled for 12 months post index. Of the 17 AED medications used to identify patients, eleven medication cohorts had more than 100 patients: (1) carbamazepine (CAR); (2) clonazepam; (3) gabapentin (GAB); (4) lamotrigine (LAM); (5) levetiracetam (LEV); (6) oxcarbazepine (OXC); (7) phenobarbital; (8) phenytoin (PHY); (9) topiramate (TOP); (10) valproate (VAL); and (11) zonisamide (ZON). Results: There were 3889 children who met the inclusion criteria. There were some differences in patients across the eleven AED treatment cohorts based on index therapy in age, gender, geographic location, Charlson comorbidity score, AHRQ comorbid conditions, as well as epilepsy-related risk factors and comorbidities. Of the 17 AEDs examined, the most frequently prescribed were OXC (21%) and LEV (19%); the least prescribed AED was GAB (1%). Their respective mean post-index pharmacy and total costs were as follows: OXC, US$2095 and US$5556; LEV, US$3025 and US$9121; and GAB, US$917 and US$1597. The overall post-index mean pharmacy costs were US$2637, and mean total costs were US$6813. Conclusion: Study results demonstrate differences in patient demographic and clinical characteristics across AED medication cohorts. Some cohorts have greater odds of a switch, or augmentation than the reference comparator CAR cohort. Variation was also observed in brand or generic medication use. LAM and TOP had the highest annual pharmacy costs of all the drugs.
Electrification and Lightning in an Idealized Boundary-Crossing Supercell Simulation of 2 June 1995*

A nonhydrostatic cloud model with electrification and lightning processes was utilized to investigate how simulated supercell thunderstorms respond when they move into environments favorable for storm intensification. One model simulation was initialized with an idealized horizontally varying environment, characteristic of that observed across an outflow boundary in the west Texas Panhandle on 2 June 1995 with larger convective available potential energy (CAPE) and wind shear on the boundary’s cool side. That simulation was compared with a control simulation initialized without the boundary. The simulated rightmoving supercell rapidly increased in updraft strength and volume, low-level rotation, radar reflectivity, and 40-dBZ echo-top height as it crossed the boundary, whereas the supercell that did not cross the boundary failed to intensify. For the same kinematic and microphysical evolution and the same inductive charging parameterization, four noninductive (NI) charging parameterizations were tested. In all four cases, there was a general tendency for the charge regions to be lofted higher within the updraft after crossing the boundary. Once the precipitation regions between the main storm and a secondary storm started merging farther on the cool side of the boundary, a gradual deepening and strengthening of the lowest charge regions occurred with relatively large increases in hail and graupel volume, charging rates, charge volume, charge density, and intracloud and cloud-to-ground (CG) flash rates. The negative charge present on graupel within the downdraft appeared to have a common origin via strong NI charging within the midlevel updraft in all four NI cases. Positive channels were more consistent in coming closer to the ground with time compared to negative channels within this graupel and hail-filled downdraft (four of four cases). Those NI schemes that also set up a positive dipole (three of four cases) or inverted tripole (two of four cases) above the downdraft had downward-propagating positive channels that reached ground as positive CG (CG) flashes. The best overall performance relative to the 2 June 1995 CG lightning observations occurred within one of the rime-accretion-rate-based schemes and the Gardiner scheme as parameterized by Ziegler.
Controlling the properties of InGaAs quantum dots by selective-area epitaxy

Selective growth of InGaAs quantum dots on GaAs is reported. It is demonstrated that selective-area epitaxy can be used for in-plane bandgap energy control of quantum dots. Atomic force microscopy and cathodoluminescence are used for characterization of the selectively grown dots. Our results show that the composition, size, and uniformity of dots are determined by the dimensions of the mask used for patterning the substrate. Properties of dots can be selectively tuned by varying the mask dimensions. A single-step growth of a thin InGaAs quantum well and InGaAs quantum dots on the same wafer is demonstrated. By using a single-step growth, dots luminescing at different wavelengths, in the range 1150–1230nm, in different parts of the same wafer are achieved.
Motivational Strategies in EFL Classrooms and their Feasibility in Iraqi Context

Teachers are seen as the major determinant sources of motivation for language learners. Moreover, teachers are expected to enhance learners’ motivation for better language learning since the positive effect of this relationship on the students’ achievement has been proved in many studies. Thus, the effect of motivation is crucial to students’ achievements because even people with the required knowledge, skills, and abilities will perform poorly if they are not motivated to devote their time and effort to work (Harris in Milapo, 2001:29). The purpose of the study is to explore researches and theories concerning EFL/ESL learners’ motivation, the role of teachers in students’ motivation; how they can initiate and maintain it. Moreover, this study aims to identify strategies obtained from the literature on motivation and suggest motivational techniques appropriate to be used by teachers in Iraq.
CARBON STRUCTURES AS EFFECTIVE MODIFIERS OF THE MATERIALS’ BASIC PROPERTIES

Because of the unique energetic, refractive and photoconductive characteristics of effective nano-objects, especially carbon nanotubes, the modification of optical properties of the organic and inorganic materials can be considered as the preferable one via the use of the nanostructuration process. Emphasis has been given to the incorporation of nanoobjects directly in the materials’ body and on their surface. Under the conditions of a surface treatment of the inorganic structures, an IR-laser at the wavelength of 10.6 micrometers was used to orientate carbon nanotubes deposited in the electric field of 100-600 V×cm -1 . Dramatic spectral and mechanical parameters changes have been found. Refractive features of the nanostructured organics have been studied via applying the second harmonic of the pulsed Nd-laser at different spatial frequencies and under the nanoparticles sensitization doping such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, shungites, quantum dots, and graphenes. A drastically obtained laser-induced refractive index has been established. A prediction has been proposed to extend the area of the application of the systems considered.
Grouping complex systems: a weighted network comparative analysis

In this study, the authors compare two inter-municipal commuting networks (MCN) pertaining to the Italian islands of Sardinia and Sicily, by approaching their characterization through a weighted network analysis. They develop on the results obtained for the MCN of Sardinia (De Montis et al. 2007) and attempt to use network analysis as a mean of detection of similarities or dissimilarities between the systems at hand.
Discursive opportunities, feeling rules and the rise of protests against aircraft noise

Social movement researchers propose different ways to incorporate meaning into structural approaches, notably into political opportunity structure (POS) theory. In this article we further develop one of the recent attempts to do so: discursive opportunity structure theory (DOS) as proposed by Koopmans and Olzak. We pay particular attention to the role of feelings. Although the DOS model correctly points toward the discursive construction of political opportunities, it does not explain why certain events are experienced as opportunities by potential activists. We propose the reason is two-fold: 1) discourse contains feeling rules and 2) discourse resonance implies the shaping of protest subjectivity. Our model is applied to a specific case: protests against aircraft noise annoyance in two countries. We show that feeling annoyed by aircraft sound is shaped by specific policy discourses, which then prepares the ground for protests.
Plant Pathology and nematology Development of a DNA-based Macroarray for the Detection and Identification of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum in Cotton t issue

a dna-based macroarray was developed to quickly and accurately identify all known races and the two australian biotypes of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, the causal agent of Fusarium wilt of cotton. t he macroarray utilized oligonucleotide probes designed from sequences of the elongation factor gene unique to Races 1, 3, 4, 8 or the australian biotypes. Starting with diseased tissue, the entire detection process from DNA extraction to race identification could be completed within 8 hours. t he assay reproducibly identified all F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum races and biotypes from cultures, and greenhouse- or field-grown infected cotton plants.
Pairs of subsets of regular polyhedra with the same distribution of distance

The pair of non congruent dodecagons given by Mallows and Clark with the same distribution of distance is reviewed. It is shown that what underlies their example is that the regular octagon can be decomposed into two parts which are not congruent but have the same distribution of distance. This mechanism is investigated for regular polyhedra in any dimension. It is found that for most regular polyhedra with an even number of faces or vertices there are couples of subsets which have the same distribution of distance. The sets which are complementary to the sets of these pairs also have this property. This phenomenon is, for regular polygons, generic in the sense that for a randomly chosen subset of a certain kind, it is almost certain that there is another, non congruent subset, with the same distribution of distance. The subsets mentioned so far are concave, but convex examples a la Mallows and Clark can be constructed based on pairs of concave subsets. Finally, some open questions and some conjectures about the n-dimensional sphere are stated. Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 60D05; 52A22
Events that Trigger Poverty Entries and Exits

This article examines how events-such as changes in household composition, employment status, disability status, and economic conditions-affect poverty entries and exits. We also examine whether the role these events play in poverty transitions differs in the pre- and post-welfare-reform periods. Copyright (c) 2005 by the Southwestern Social Science Association.
Chemical analysis of the emblic ( Phyllanthus emblica L . ) and its potential as a food source

Barthakur, N.N. and Arnold, N.P., 1991. Chemical analysis of the emblic (Phyllanthus emblica L. ) and its potential as a food source. Scientia Hortic. , 47: 99-105. The edible fruit tissue of the emblic (Phyllanthus emblica L.), a member of the Euphorbiaceae, contained about three times as much protein and 160 times as much ascorbic acid as apples (Malus pumila Mill. ). The fruits also contained considerably higher concentrations of most minerals and amino acids than apples. Glutamic acid, proline, aspartic acid, alanine and lysine constituted 29.6, 14.6, 8. l, 5.4 and 5.3%, respectively, of the total amino acids. The concentration of each amino acid, except cystine, was much higher than in apples. The emblic is therefore highly nutritious, and could be an important dietary source of vitamin C, minerals and amino acids.
Characteristics of rainfall during tropical cyclone periods in Taiwan

Abstract. Due to the Central Mountain Range with an elevation up to about 4 km, the amount and distribution of rainfall in Taiwan associated with typhoons or tropical cyclones (TCs) depends not only on the distribution of convection within the TCs (internal structure) and influences from monsoon-scale environmental flow, but also on the orographic effect. This study analyzes the spatial and temporal characteristics of rainfall associated with 62 TC cases that affected Taiwan by using observations from the 371 automatic rain stations available in the period 1989–2002. It is found from the climatology maps that highly different rainfall distributions occurred for TCs that approached the Taiwan area from different directions. By performing objective clustering analysis of the rainfall time series of all the rain gauges, several characteristic temporal rainfall profiles are obtained. The geographic distribution of rain gauges that possess a particular temporal profile is also consistent with the possible TC track types that bring maximum rain to the Taiwan area at different times. Based on data in the 1989–2002 period, the development of a TC rainfall climatology-persistence (CLIPER) model is described. CLIPER is an optimized combination of climatology and persistence with different relative weighting for different forecast periods. Independent cases (other than the model development database) during 2003–2004 are used to validate the model. Objective measures like equitable threat score and bias score show that CLIPER's skill is acceptable for practical applications for 24-h rain threshold below 100 mm. However, the underestimation bias for more heavy rainfall is serious and CLIPER seems to have better performance for the northwestern Taiwan than for the other locations. Future directions for improvement of the CLIPER model are discussed.
Examining the Relationship between Selfrumination and Happiness: The Mediating and Moderating Role of Subjective Vitality

The basic purpose of this study is to examine the mediating and moderating role of subjective vitality in relationship between rumination and subjective happiness. The participants were 420 university students. In this research, the Self-rumination Scale-SRS, the Subjective Vitality Scale and the Short Form of Oxford Happiness Questionnaire were used. The relationships between rumination, subjective vitality, and happiness were examined using correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. In correlation analysis, happiness and subjective vitality were found negatively related self-rumination. On the other hand, happiness had positive relation with subjective vitality. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that rumination levels in a decrease of subjective vitality on an unhappy person whereas enhances in subjective vitality leads to happiness; however, rumination also produces unhappiness. Results were discussed in the light of the related literature.
Investigation of Locally Resolved Current Density Distribution of Segmented PEM Fuel Cells to Detect Malfunctions

With the aid of PCB technology, current density distribution could be achieved by measuring the local current density inside the fuel cell, which would be more precisely reflecting the local electrochemical reaction. An important application of segmented cell technology was used for in-situ error detection of the evolution of membrane leakage. From the evolution of current density distributions, starting locations of membrane leakages and their spreading could be detected. The effect of operation conditions could be found: the steeply decreased pressure and the fast cooling of the local membrane was the main reason for the degradation of the membrane. It caused large temperature gradient in different local membranes, which resulted in inhomogeneous current density distribution and mechanical strain and stress. With the aid of segmented cell, malfunction could be detected at an early stage and thereby catastrophic failure of the whole stack may be avoided.
Proposal for Ground Shipping High Volume of Data Parameter in Supersampling Unmanned Aircraft Through Radio Modem

In an unmanned aircraft, large volumes of data are generated by the various sensors installed on the aircraft. At critical moments such as take-off, landing, parachute openings, or when the aircraft performs sudden maneuvers, additional parameters besides the default need to be sampled in order n to understand completely the behavior of the aircraft. We propose different alternatives for sending multiple data to land at sampling frequencies of up to 10 Hz at critical times Preliminary results are presented for the most extreme case, that is using full RS-232 bandwidth for the six most important parameters resulting in 210 samples per second for each
Picking out the plum jobs: feeding ecology of curlews Numenius arquata in a Baltic Sea wind flat

On the German Baltic Sea coast most migrating shorebirds stage in wind flats that are characterized by irregular wind-induced fluctuations of water level. As it had been suggested that large shorebirds cannot fulfil their energetic requirements in wlnd flats due to the lack of prey organisms large enough to be profitable, we investigated the feed~ng ecology of curlews Numenius arquata at Hiddensee (July to November 1995). Most prey taken were the largest ragworms Nereis diversicolor present in the sediment (>85 segments), while 2 bivalves contributed 4 . 2% (Cerastoderma lamarcki) and 0.8% (Mya arenaria), respectively. Most curlews foraged in shallow water where we observed the maximum intake rate (3.5 prey min-') compared to exposed flats (2.0 prey min-'). This is thought to be the result of highest surface activity and therefore best detectability and accessibility of ragworms in shallow water. Prolonged per~ods of low forag~ng activity in late morning and around noon as well as the aggregation at night roosts suggest that curlews do not have problems maintaining their energy budget in the study area. This is explained by their ability to find the few most profitable prey organisms available, even though these occur at low density.
Aging and transcriptional activity in worker honey bees

mdash; Age-specific variability in gene expression of worker honey bees was examined using in vitro translation of mRNA. An apparent pre-programmed regime of age-specific gene activity was observed as individual workers aged. The quantitative pattern of gene expression among young bees (aged 0-2 d) was more similar to that of older bees (aged &ge; 23 d) than to that of middle-aged bees (aged 6-20 d).
The Integration of Systems Levels and Design Activities to Position Creativity Support Tools

Thomas Howard∗, Steve Culley∗∗ and Elies Dekoninck† ∗Innovative design and Manufacturing Research Centre, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK, BA2 7AY, Tel: +44 1225 384166. E-mail: T.J.Howard@bath.ac. uk ∗∗Innovative design and Manufacturing Research Centre, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK, BA2 7AY, Tel: +44 1225 386456. E-mail: S.J.Culley@bath.ac. uk †Innovative design and Manufacturing Research Centre, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK, BA2 7AY, Tel: +44 1225 384029. E-mail: E.A. Dekoninck@bath.ac. uk
Automated Writing Evaluation in Language Teaching: Theory, Development, and Application

The first automated writing evaluation (AWE) software for assessment purposes dates back to the 1960s when Page Ellis developed Project Essay Grade (PEG). Rapid advances in the fields of artificial intelligence and Natural Language Processing (NLP) in the last few decades have led to the development of more powerful commercial scoring engines, such as e-rater, developed by ETS, IntelliMetric by Vantage Learning, and Intelligent Essay Assessor (IEA) by Pearson Education. Recent years have seen the application of these scoring engines expanding to language learning and teaching contexts (i.e., Criterion, WriteToLearn, MyAccess! ). Opinions on the utility of AWE tools and their potential effects on educational practices vary, as shown by two frequently-cited books on AWE: Ericsson and Haswell (2006) and Shermis and Burstein (2013). While many AWE tools are promising with reportedly high reliability, the use of AWE in writing classrooms has provoked heated discussion and strong opposition, as articulated in the 2004 position statement of the Conference on College Composition and Communication (CCCC). Most recently, Chapelle, Cotos, and Lee (2015) have proposed a new, argument-based approach to evaluating the use of AWE-based assessments. In general, more studies are needed to evaluate the use of AWE tools in classrooms and beyond. This Special Issue intends to extend the discussion by bringing together a variety of studies related to
SEROLOGICAL TESTS FOR DETECTION OF SUNFLOWER NECROSIS TOSPO VIRUS CAUSING NECROSIS DISEASE OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUS L.)

India occupies third place to produce oil seeds in the world. India has vast area of about 19 million hectares under oilseed crops In order to formulate management practices for the control of necrosis disease of sunflower; reliable tests are required for its detection. Such tests are lacking in India. Sunflower is widely cultivated in India. Sunflower crop is extensively cultivated in Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh. Sunflower showed symptom of virus disease characterised by severe mosaic, necrosis of leaves, necrosis along the stems and floral parts, malformation of young leaves, markedly reduced leaves and stunting of plants. Hence, in this study, direct antigen coating-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAC-ELISA), Double antibody sandwich-ELISA (DAS-ELISA) and Dot-ELISA tests were evaluated for the detection of sunflower necrosis a tospo virus (SfNV) causing necrosis disease of sunflower in Andhra Pradesh in India. In DAC-ELISA, Sunflower Necrosis Virus was detected up to 0. 370μg/mL in purified virus preparation and up to 10 -4 dilution in leaf sap extracted from virus infected sunflower leaves. In Dot-ELISA, Sunflower Necrosis Virus was detected up to 0. 0370μg/mL in purified virus preparation and up to 10 -5 dilution in leaf sap from infected sunflower leaves. Where as in DAS-ELISA the virus was detected up to 370μg/mL and 10 -3 dilution in purified virus preparation and in leaf sap extracted from infected sunflower leaves, respectively. Hence, it is concluded that DAC-ELISA and Dot-ELISA were found to be the suitable tests for the detection of Sunflower necrosis virus.
Neural crest cells and the mesentery

The enteric nervous systems (ENS) in humans contain more neurons than the aggregate of all other peripheral ganglia and are responsible for orchestrating and maintaining all aspects of gastrointestinal (GI) homeostasis. The development of the ENS is a complex process derived from neural crest cells (NCCs) that commences predominantly at the vagal level of the neural tube and ends in the distal hindgut. The traditional model of enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs) migrating in a unidirectional (rostral-to-caudal) fashion within the gut mesenchyme to colonize the entire length of the gut has recently come into question with an alternative trans-mesenteric migratory model. Errors in migrations of ENCCs lead to the development of several congenital and acquired disorders of the digestive tract. Novel stem cell tissue-engineering approaches provide an exciting avenue in future treatments of enteric neuropathies.