Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demography , growth and agglomeration

This article introduces overlapping generations into a model of long-run growth and economic geography and analyzes how demography influences the parallel processes of agglomeration and growth. Most importantly, it shows that lifetime uncertainty mitigates the pro-growth effect of agglomeration due to localized learning spillovers. In sharp contrast to the existing literature, spatial concentration of economic activity is thus not necessarily conducive to growth and may imply dynamic welfare losses for all regions. Additionally, the model analysis reveals that population aging strengthens long-run growth and that lifetime uncertainty reduces the possibility that a specific region gets deindustrialized because of self-fulfilling expectations. JEL classification: R11; J11; F43
DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH BRIGHTNESS INJECTOR AT NSRL *

A high brightness injector based on photocathode RF gun is developing at National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory. This article shows the parameter of a BNL 1.6 cell type S band rf gun and the measurement result of a compact solenoid. Laser system parameter from high Q Company is given also. INTRODUCTION Different kinds electron gun have been developed at National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory for different application. The secondary emission microwave electron gun [1] is used to produce high average current, low emittance beam. An Independently Tuneable Cavity Thermionic RF Gun [2] is tuning for short pulse generation. Beside these, we are developing a high brightness injector based on photocathode RF gun supported by 985 project. Photocathode RF gun can fulfill the needs of FEL facilities, high average power infrared FEL, coherent THz radiation source, laser-wakefield acceleration and so on. We develop the photocathode RF gun as a platform for coherent THz radiation source study, advance beam diagnostic technology development, FEL injector and for other advance needs. GENERAL LAYOUT OF EXPERIMENT The injector locates in a tunnel built in nuclear hall. The tunnel is 25m long and 3.5m width. The injector layout is shown in figure 1. The injector includes a photocathode rf gun, a emittance compensate solenoid and beam diagnostic system for emittance, energy spread, bunch charge and bunch length and so on. The tunnel is long enough to add one or two 6m long SLAC acceleration section to accelerate the beam energy high enough to keep the beam’s low emittance. The radiation safety of tunnel designs for 250MeV electron beam. Figure 1: Layout of injector. A clean room for laser system locates at the outside of tunnel. The klystron and power of solenoid locates at the outside of tunnel but in the nuclear hall also. The longdistance control is achieved in the control room outside of nuclear hall. Each separate parts of system have finished manufacture at the present time. The installation of subsystem is undergoing now. We hope it can get first beam this summer. PHOTOCATHODE RF GUN Because the experience of theory study and the experience of gun of shanghai DUV FEL project, we adopt a BNL type IV photocathode RF gun. The gun is fabricated at accelerator laboratory of department of engineering physics of Tsinghua University. Figure 2 show the picture of the photocathode RF gun. Figure 2: The photocathode rf gun. Table 1: Parameter of Injector
How to predict the affected circulation in Large Vessel Occlusive Stroke ?

INTRODUCTION: Acute large vessel occlusive, ischaemic strokes may benefit from endovascular recanalisation strategies. A delayed diagnosis of an acute large vessel occlusion could be avoided if it was possible to identify clinical and radiological data predictive of large vessel occlusions and the affected vascular circulation (anterior vs. posterior circulation). METHODS: All consecutive patients (2003–2011) in ASTRAL, a prospective single-centre registry of acute ischaemic strokes, were selected if a symptomatic, large vessel occlusion was found on CTA performed <12 h after stroke onset. Stroke was localised to anterior and posterior circulation using acute and follow-up radiological information. RESULTS: In 757 of 1523 patients with a large vessel occlusion (56 % anterior and 33 % posterior circulation strokes), multiple logistic regression analysis showed an association of anterior circulation occlusion with aphasia (OR 53.1, 95 %CI 16.1-175.9), hemineglect (32.2, 10.4-99.8), hemiparesis (4.8, 1.3-17.4) and hemisensory deficits (6.3, 2.6-15.3); and of posterior circulation occlusion with cerebellar (0.1, 0.0-0.1), visual field (0.1,0.00.2) and posterior-fossa-type oculomotor deficits (perfect prediction). Anterior circulation strokes had shorter onset-to-door interval (0.9, 0.9-1.0), higher admission diastolic blood pressure (1.1, 1.0-1.1) and more often early ischaemic signs on non-contrast CT (0.7, 0.5-0.9). ROC analysis showed an area under the ROC curve of 0.98. CONCLUSIONS: In acute large vessel occlusive strokes, posterior circulation localisation can be inferred by later presentation to the hospital, fewer cognitive, fewer sensory-motor and more cerebellar deficits, lower blood pressure and normal non-contrast CT. Clinical implementation may help to guide future recanalisation strategies.
Challenges in Social Network Data Privacy

Due to the advent of computer technology, social networks have become an explosive increasing to a wide variety of applications. Social networks have become an online platform where the people connect and interact with each other as well as share their similar career or personal interests and also for better understanding of interesting phenomena such as sociological and behavioral aspects of individuals or groups. So the social network data are published for various third party consumers such as researchers and advertisers. As a result, there will be a privacy breach which has to be considered. There are different privacy risks and attacks which can breach the privacy in various ways. There are different privacy-preserving techniques have been developed for preserving the privacy of social network data. In this paper, we discuss a various risks and how the adversaries can exploit information to perpetrate privacy on published data. This paper is a survey which helps readers to understand the threats, various privacy preserving mechanisms and their vulnerabilities to privacy breach attacks in social network data publishing.
INNOVATION BY FIRMS IN HIGH AND MEDIUM-HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES: AN INDIAN EXPERIENCE

Innovation is vital in gaining advantage over other firms and to attain the competitive edge. An emerging economy like India needs to have an innovative industry with large R&D expenditure and patenting activity. The study thus focuses on nature of Indian investment on innovation through R&D and patenting activities. The data covers all the firms of high-tech and medium-high-tech sectors during a period of 1995-2011. We employ a recursive simultaneous equation where the R&D expenditure used as a dependent variable in R&D equation and as an independent variable in patenting equation. We use Heckman‟s two-step procedure in R&D equation and Hurdle count data model in patenting equation that taking care of heterogeneity and selection bias problem simultaneously. The study finds that patent policy significantly influences R&D and patenting intensity. After the patent policy changes foreign firms are relocating their R&D units into India and taking patent from Indian patent office. The study does not find any direct evidence of R&D oriented patenting activity in India. Key wordsR&D, Patent, Innovation, Emerging economy
Enhancing THz generation in photomixers using a metamaterial approach

Photomixers at THz frequencies offer an attractive solution to fill the THz gap; however, conventional photomixer designs result in low output powers, on the order of microwatts, before thermal failure. We propose an alternative photomixer design capable of orders of magnitude enhancement of continuous-wave THz generation using a metamaterial approach. By forming a metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) cavity through layering an ultrafast semiconductor material between subwavelengthmetal-dielectric gratings, tailored resonance can achieve ultrathin absorbing regions and efficient heat sinking. When mounted to a tunable E-patch antenna, gratings also act as vertically biased electrodes, further enhancing photoconductive gain by reducing the carrier path length to nanoscales. Thus, through these multiplicative enhancements, the metamaterial-enhanced photomixer is projected to generate THz powers in the milliwatt range and exceed the Manley-Rowe limit for frequencies less than 2 THz. © 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement
Altruism and Warm Glow in Dictators ’ Giving

We design an experiment to test whether the behavior of dictators can be rationalized by the utility function that includes both altruistic and warm glow effects (impure altruism). By giving the recipients an endowment of varying levels, we create an environment that allows for observable differences in behavior depending upon whether warm glow or altruism is the primary motivation. We find that the behavior of 89% of the dictators can be rationalized by the utility function that includes both altruistic and warm glow effects while only 16% of the dictators made choices that are consistent with the utility function that excludes the warm glow effects.
Resos : Dynamic Re plication in S ervice-o riented S ystems

Service-oriented systems, consisting of multiple services and service composition execution engines (CEEs), ar e commonly deployed to deliver requested web services. As the workloads of applications fluctuate over multiple time scal es, it is economical to autonomically and dynamically adjust syst em capacity, i.e., the number of replicas for various servicesand CEE. In this paper, we propose a novel replica provisioning policy, Resos, which adjusts the number of CEEs and services replicas periodically based on the predicted workloads andthe target effective utilization values. In particular, Resos models the workload balance and dependency between CEE and service replicas by estimating the blocking probability at CEE replicas. Moreover, we also derive the analytical bounds of CEE effect ive utilization and illustrate the cause of low nominal utilization at CEE replicas. We evaluate Resos on a simulated service-orie nt d system, which hosts CEE and service replicas on multi-threa ded servers. The workload evaluated is derived from utilization traces collected from production systems. Through simulat ion, we demonstrate that Resos can affectively reduce the replic a consumption while maintaining target performance metrics, i.e., utilization.
Snapshot 3⁄4 3⁄4 Ultrasound Diagnosis of Carotid Artery Diseases 3⁄4 3⁄4 Ultrasound Diagnosis of Femoral Access Complications

Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease of the medium and large arteries. It affects not only the coronaries—the main focus of cardiologists—but also aorta, carotids, and other major peripheral vessels. It is a dynamic disease that makes prevention and treatment a highly complex process, and it is the leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Physicians who fashion themselves as providers of health care to people with cardiac illnesses, frequently encounter patients who may have sought their expertise for treatment of ischemic heart disease but whose lives are also affected by peripheral vascular disease. Thus, there is an increasing trend for these practitioners—who, if board-certified, are deemed experts in “cardiovascular diseases”—to be more involved in the vascular medicine component of their subspecialty. The rapid growth in percutaneous peripheral vascular interventions has contributed to this trend. With the fast pace of noninvasive imaging technology, there has been burgeoning interest among cardiologists, and particularly echocardiographers, in performing vascular ultrasound studies, in an attempt to refine both risk stratification and the need for more aggressive preventive strategies. Furthermore, there is a growing desire among cardiology trainees to acquire more experience in vascular medicine and vascular imaging modalities. The effort to strengthen the understanding of vascular diseases among cardiologists is reflected in a recent joint statement by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions and the Society of Vascular Medicine: “The essentials of vascular medicine should be taught to all cardiology fellows. Vascular medicine training should be integrated into the fellowship program and include the evaluation and management of vascular diseases, exposure to noninvasive diagnostic modalities, angiography, and peripheral catheter-based interventions. ” In our experience at the New York University Langone Medical Center’s Noninvasive Cardiology Laboratory, two areas of vascular ultrasound use have fostered particular interest among clinical and interventional cardiologists— the assessment of the extracranial cerebrovascular circulation and the evaluation of complications of femoral access during percutaneous interventions. Both topics will be discussed in detail in this chapter.
An Image Segmentation Method Based on Partial Differential Equation Models

In this paper, we propose an image segmentation method based on a partial differential equation model. Partial Differential Equations and Fuzzy Image Segmentation algorithms have become important fields in image processing research. In an image processing system, the segmentation process is one of the most important steps. More precisely, image segmentation is defined as the process of assigning a label to every pixel in an image such that pixels with the same label share certain visual characteristics. Several general-purpose algorithms and techniques have been developed for image segmentation. In order to effectively solve an image segmentation problem for a specific problem domain, these techniques often have to be combined with knowledge domains, as there is no general solution to image segmentation problems. Our results show that the performance of image segmentation can be improved by using partial differential equation models.
Analysis of the Integrate and Fire Model of a Neuron : With a Fixed Input Stimulus

The integrate and fire model is the simplest and most widely used single neuron model for modeling neurons at an abstract level. It is one of the best known formal spiking neuron models. Simulation of integrate and fire model is done either through external current or in terms of synaptic inputs obtained from the presynaptic neurons. The synaptic input is considered to be stochastic with Gaussian white noise distribution. The integrate and fire model is a single compartment model which is useful for understanding how an ensemble of neurons, neighboring neurons which group together and fire together, interact and sum large number of synaptic inputs. When a threshold value of the membrane potential of a neuron is reached, firing occurs. A degree of variability exists in the firing output of the integrate and fire neurons when they receive synaptic input[1]. This review gives a brief overview of the integrate and fire model of the neuron and the mathematical techniques, such as stochastic differential equations that are available for analyzing the spike generation in this model.
Continuance Commitment and Employee Performance at University of Eastern Africa , Baraton Kenya

The concept of organizational commitment is of utmost importance to the top level management of both public and private institutions. Organizational commitment influences performance of workers and turnover. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of continuance commitment on employee performance at the university of Eastern Africa, Baraton. The study was guided by Meyer and Allen Theory. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The study targeted 233 employees at the University. The researcher stratified the population into teaching and non-teaching staff. To sample the respondents, the researcher used simple random sampling for teaching and non-teaching staff. The researcher used a formular adopted by Nassiuma (2000) to get a sample size of 106 employees. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information from the respondents. The Structured questionnaire consisted of 8 items adapted from Organizational Commitment Questionnaire by Allen and Meyer (1991). These questionnaires were measured on a 5 point Likert scale. Data was presented in frequency distribution tables and analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and standard deviation) as well as inferential statistics (simple and multiple regression analysis). The study established that there was a weak negative relationship between continuance commitments and employee performance. This implies that continuance commitment have no significant influence on employee performance at University of Eastern Africa, Baraton. It was recommended the university should put in place clear promotion criteria and improve the employees reward system so as to improve continuance commitment.
Deep structure beneath the Murray Basin from teleseismic tomography

Results from Part 2 of the South East Australia Linkage teleseismic experiment are presented for the first time, and enhance understanding of deep Earth structure beneath southwestern New South Wales. A total of 187 distant earthquakes recorded by 31 short-period seismometer stations were used to constrain three-dimensional variations in P-wavespeed in the upper mantle using teleseismic tomography. The new data were also combined with pre-existing data from adjacent arrays to build a high-resolution model of the upper mantle in southeastern Australia. The resulting images reveal that the upper mantle consists of several distinct domains of fast and slow P-wavespeed that provide unprecedented insight into compositional and temperature variations related to lithosphere of different origin, and more recent processes such as Cenozoic volcanism. One of the main results from this study is the presence of a pronounced west to east transition from higher to lower Vp near the eastern edge of the Stawell Zone. One possible explanation for this feature is that Precambrian continental lithosphere extends beneath the western subprovince of the Lachlan Orogen, which has important implications for the tectonic evolution of the Tasmanides, and the location of the boundary between the Lachlan and Delamerian orogens. However, the absence of good constraint on crustal structure, and possible overprinting of Palaeozoic velocity anomalies by such recent events as magmatic underplating which accompanied rifting and subsequent opening of the Bass and Otway basins and the Tasman Sea, means that further data are required. Future work in southeastern Australia will use receiver functions and ambient noise data that have the potential to resolve structures within the crust at high resolution, and naturally complement the teleseismic data, which only constrain the upper mantle.
Gross National Happiness – Bhutan ’ s Vision of Development and its Challenges

This paper consists of two parts, which are conceptually only loosely interconnected. Proceeding from an impressionistic comparison of Bhutanese development in the late 1950s and in the late 1990s, Part I of this essay explores the missing link, the question of why development has taken the shape it did and why certain policy priorities were adopted, while others were neglected. It is concerned with the vision of Bhutanese development and its determining factors rather than with the technicalities of the actual development process. It will be argued that the Bhutanese development concept evolved from the country’s unique socio-economic, historic and political circumstances, thus being one of the last truly indigenous development approaches. As such, the first part of the paper suggests a model of Gross National Happiness, which is based on empirical research.1 It is important to emphasise this, considering that the current discourse on Gross National Happiness seems dominated by various opinions and ad hoc interpretations, which assume a certain meaning of the concept as the starting point for assessment or commentary.
DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS FOR SPOKEN DIALOG SYSTEMS

Deep learning, particularly deep neural networks, has has revolutionized automatic speech recognition (ASR) and also has shown first promising results in belief state estimation in spoken dialogue systems [Henderson et al., 2013]. In dialog systems, ”state tracking” – sometimes also called ”belief tracking” – refers to accurately estimating the user’s goal as a dialog progresses. Accurate state tracking is desirable because it provides robustness to errors in speech recognition, and helps reduce ambiguity inherent in language within a temporal process like dialogue. This work extends previous research by Henderson et al. [2013] by extending it to use more the more modern stacked Restricted Boltzmann Machine with pretraining model. We train and evaluate our method on the Dialog State Tracking Challenge (DSTC1) data. We experiment with parameter initializations using pre-training techniques on large-scale unlabelled data, and compare the resulting models with Henderson et al.’s original method, as well as the other models entered in the DSTC. An initial version of this approach was presented at the Edinburgh Deep Learning Workshop on May 6, 2014.
Isotopocule characterization of N 2 O dynamics during simulated wastewater treatment under oxic and anoxic conditions

Copyright © 2016 by The Geochemical Society of Japan. greater on a per-molecule basis than that of CO2 (IPCC, 2007). Different microbial pathways involved in biological nitrogen removal processes in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can produce N2O as well as more favorable gaseous product, N2 (Colliver and Stephenson, 2000; Kimochi et al., 1998). During nitrification, N2O is produced from hydroxylamine (NH2OH) as a byproduct of ammonium (NH4 +) oxidation to nitrite (NO2 –) by ammonia oxidizing bacteria. The concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) should be maintained at an appropriate level because nitrifying bacteria require oxygen as an electron acceptor. During denitrification, N2O is produced as an intermediate during nitrate (NO3 –) reduction to dinitrogen (N2) by heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria in the absence of oxygen. Organics are used as electron donors in denitrification. Therefore, a sufficient amount of carbon Isotopocule characterization of N2O dynamics during simulated wastewater treatment under oxic and anoxic conditions
Antitumor Activity of Dichloromethane Extract from Salvia plebeia and Induction of Apoptosis on K 562 Cells

Objective To study the antitumor activity of extract from Salvia plebeia and investigate whether the extract induce apoptosis of K562 cells. Methods The aqueous, petroleum ether, dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), ethyl acetate, and butanol extracts were prepared from the aerial parts of S. plebeia. Taking fluorouracil as reference, the cytotoxic activities of these extracts on HeLa, A549, SGC-7901, HCT-116, K562, LoVo, DU-145, and HepG2 cells were evaluated. To clarify the apoptosis of K562 cells induced by CH2Cl2 extract, the methods of Hoechst 33258 staining, flow cytometry assay, and DNA ladder assay were investigated. Results The CH2Cl2 extract showed the most potent cytotoxic effect against K562 cells, with an IC50 < 15 μg/mL for 3 d treatment. The characteristic apoptotic symptoms such as DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation were also observed in the K562 cells. Conclusion The CH2Cl2 extract from S. plebeia may inhibit the cancer cell proliferation by inducing cell apoptosis.