Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
YNU_AI1799 at SemEval-2018 Task 11: Machine Comprehension using Commonsense Knowledge of Different model ensemble

In this paper, we describe a machine reading comprehension system that participated in SemEval-2018 Task 11: Machine Comprehension using commonsense knowledge. In this work, we train a series of neural network models such as multi-LSTM, BiLSTM, multi- BiLSTM-CNN and attention-based BiLSTM, etc. On top of some sub models, there are two kinds of word embedding: (a) general word embedding generated from unsupervised neural language model; and (b) position embedding generated from general word embedding. Finally, we make a hard vote on the predictions of these models and achieve relatively good result. The proposed approach achieves 8th place in Task 11 with the accuracy of 0.7213.
Mediated and Moderated Effects in Social Psychological Research: Measurement, Design, and Analysis Issues.

AUTHORS' NOTE: During the writing of this chapter, Rick Hoyle was supported by grantS ROI-DAll37l and R43DAIIl3 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and grant ROl-MHO 1003 from the National Institute of Menral Health. ]orgianne Robinson was supported by a Wethington Fellowship from The Graduate School at the University of Kentucky. represent constructs proposed to explain the association between two variables. In social psychology, mediators, sometimes termed
The Dark Energy Spectrometer: a potential multi-fiber instrument for the Blanco 4-meter Telescope

We describe the preliminary design of the Dark Energy Spectrometer (DESpec), a fiber-fed spectroscopic instrument concept for the Blanco 4-meter telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO). DESpec would take advantage of the infrastructure recently deployed for the Dark Energy Camera (DECam). DESpec would be mounted in the new DECam prime focus cage, would be interchangeable with DECam, would share the DECam optical corrector, and would feature a focal plane with ~4000 robotically positioned optical fibers feeding multiple high-throughput spectrometers. The instrument would have a field of view of 3.8 square degrees, a wavelength range of approximately 500<<1000 nm, and a spectral resolution of R~3000. DESpec would provide a powerful spectroscopic follow-up system for sources in the Southern hemisphere discovered by the Dark Energy Survey and LSST. λ
P 50 , N 100 , and P 200 sensory gating : Relationships with behavioral inhibition , attention , and working memory

P50, N100, and P200 auditory sensory gating could reflect mechanisms involved in protecting higherorder cognitive functions, suggesting relationships between sensory gating and cognition. This hypothesis was tested in 56 healthy adults who were administered the paired-click paradigm and two adaptations of the continuous performance test (Immediate/Delayed Memory Task, IMT/DMT). Stronger P50 gating correlated with fewer commission errors and prolonged reaction times on the DMT. Stronger N100 and P200 gating correlated with better discriminability on the DMT. Finally, prolonged P200 latency related to better discriminability on the IMT. These findings suggest that P50, N100, and P200 gating could be involved in protecting cognition by affecting response bias, behavioral inhibition, working memory, or attention.
Salicylic acid-independent role of NPR1 is required for protection from proteotoxic stress in the plant endoplasmic reticulum

Significance The biosynthetic ability of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is essential to eukaryotic life. Disruption of such ability ignites ER stress, a potentially lethal condition. Known sensors perceive and respond to ER stress, but how their signaling is modulated is largely unknown, especially in plants. We demonstrate that the transcriptional cofactor NPR1, previously involved in salicylic acid (SA)-mediated immune defense, is translocated to the nucleus upon ER stress-induced reduction of the cytosolic redox potential, which is generally induced by SA. We also show that NPR1 interacts with the unfolded protein response (UPR) regulators bZIP28 and bZIP60 and suppresses the UPR independently from SA. This work identifies NPR1 as a critical modulator of the plant UPR and demonstrates convergence of signal decoding in ER stress and SA-mediated defense. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an ancient signaling pathway designed to protect cells from the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Because misregulation of the UPR is potentially lethal, a stringent surveillance signaling system must be in place to modulate the UPR. The major signaling arms of the plant UPR have been discovered and rely on the transcriptional activity of the transcription factors bZIP60 and bZIP28 and on the kinase and ribonuclease activity of IRE1, which splices mRNA to activate bZIP60. Both bZIP28 and bZIP60 modulate UPR gene expression to overcome ER stress. In this study, we demonstrate at a genetic level that the transcriptional role of bZIP28 and bZIP60 in ER-stress responses is antagonized by nonexpressor of PR1 genes 1 (NPR1), a critical redox-regulated master regulator of salicylic acid (SA)-dependent responses to pathogens, independently of its role in SA defense. We also establish that the function of NPR1 in the UPR is concomitant with ER stress-induced reduction of the cytosol and translocation of NPR1 to the nucleus where it interacts with bZIP28 and bZIP60. Our results support a cellular role for NPR1 as well as a model for plant UPR regulation whereby SA-independent ER stress-induced redox activation of NPR1 suppresses the transcriptional role of bZIP28 and bZIP60 in the UPR.
High-capacity communications from Martian distances part 4 : assessment of spacecraft pointing accuracy capabilities required for large Ka-band reflector antennas

Improved surface accuracy for deployable reflectors has brought with it the possibility of Ka-band reflector antennas with extents on the order of 1000 wavelengths. Such antennas are being considered for high-rate data delivery from planetary distances. To maintain losses at reasonable levels requires a sufficiently capable Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS) onboard the spacecraft. This paper provides an assessment of currently available ADCS strategies and performance levels. In addition to other issues, specific factors considered include: (1) use of "beaconless" or open loop tracking versus use of a beacon on the Earth side of the link, and (2) selection of fine pointing strategy (body-fixed/spacecraft pointing, reflector pointing or various forms of electronic beam steering). Capabilities of recent spacecraft are discussed.
Integrated MR and ultrasound imaging for improved image guidance in neurosurgery

We present a surgical guidance system that incorporates preoperative image information (e.g. MRI or CT) and intraoperative ultrasound imaging to detect brain tissue deformation during image guided neurosurgery. Many interactive IGNS implementations involve using pre-operative image information (e.g. MRI or CT) as a guide to the surgeons throughout the procedure. Tissue movement during a procedure can be a significant source of error in these systems. By incorporating intraoperative imaging, the target volume can be scanned at any time, and mapped into the pre- operative image space. The surgeon can use this information to assess the accuracy of the guidance system at any time during the procedure. In addition, the system can be used to provide updated information of the progress of this procedure (e.g. extent of lesion removal). Validation results using a deformable multimodality imaging phantom are presented as well as initial examples of the system used in surgery.
Novel Procedures for Identification and Characterization of Viral Proteases Inhibitors

Context: Natural strain variation and rapid resistance development makes development of broad spectrum hepatitis C virus (HCV) drugs very challenging and evaluation of inhibitor selectivity and resistance must account for differences in the catalytic properties of enzyme variants.Objective: To understand how to study selectivity and relationships between efficacy and genotype or resistant mutants for NS3 protease inhibitors.Materials and methods: The catalytic properties of NS3 protease from genotypes 1a, 1b and 3a, and their sensitivities to four structurally and mechanistically different NS3 protease inhibitors have been analysed under different experimental conditions.Results: The optimisation of buffer conditions for each protease variant enabled the comparison of their catalytic properties and sensitivities to the inhibitors. All inhibitors were most effective against genotype 1a protease, with VX-950 having the broadest selectivity.Discussion and conclusion: A new strategy for evaluation of inhibitors relevant for the discovery of broad spectrum HCV drugs was established.
ABP Scheduler: Speeding Up Service Spread in Docker Swarm

Docker introduces swarm mode to provide native support for managing a cluster of Docker engines as a swarm. But unfortunately, the default scheduler in Docker swarm does not perform well enough when services in Docker swarm try to cope with load changes. We find that many images share some common Blobs(Binary Large Objects) from same base images after surveying some most popular application images from Docker Hub. Based on the survey and the understanding that the number of replicas for a service is not greater than the scale of its instances, we develop a new scheduler, called the Availability-assured Buffered-layer Prioritized scheduler(the ABP scheduler), to quicken the creation and spread of services in Docker swarm. The ABP scheduler leverages local buffered layers on nodes in Docker swarm to reduce network traffics and accelerate startup of correlative tasks for services. Our experiments show that the ABP scheduler significantly shortens the latency of scaling out services from more than 10 seconds to less than 2 seconds and hastens service creation in Docker swarm under some circumstances.
Biological Communication Behavior through Information Technology Implementation in Learning Accelerated

The Biological Communication Behavior of the Left and the Right Brains have been constructed through the explanation of the phenomena of their specific part activities encompassing: Prefrontal, Frontal, Parietal, Central, Occipital and Parasagital which have been significantly tested in terms of their impacts in learning acceleration starting from Elementary School to University levels. This study is conducted by means of constructive approach and it employs both the quantitative and qualitative techniques. The result of the study shows that the biological communication of the left and the right brains are reliably tested scientifically from the viewpoint of science. The Problem Based Learning start from elementary school to university level of both social and science groups.
A unified measure of linear and nonlinear selection on quantitative traits

Lande and Arnold's approach to quantifying natural selection has become a standard tool in evolutionary biology due to its simplicity and generality. It treats linear and nonlinear selection in two separate frameworks, generating coefficients of selection (e.g. linear and quadratic selection gradients) that are not directly comparable. Due to this somewhat artificial division, the Lande–Arnold approach lacks an integrated measure of the strength of selection that applies across qualitatively different selection regimes (e.g. directional, stabilizing or disruptive selection). We define a unified measure of selection, the distributional selection differential (DSD), which includes both linear and nonlinear selection. The DSD quantifies total selection on a trait, regardless of the underlying selection regime. The DSD can be partitioned into a directional component, representing selection on the trait mean, and a non‐directional component, representing selection on the shape of the trait distribution (e.g. variance, skew or the number of modes). When multiple traits are measured, the DSD can also be separated into direct and correlated effects, analogously to linear selection gradients. As with linear selection differentials, the DSD on a standardized trait is limited in magnitude by the opportunity for selection. The DSD is a general‐purpose measure of the total strength of selection. It is particularly valuable where traditional analyses provide limited insight, such as in comparative studies where the shape of selection is variable. Partitioning the DSD into directional and non‐directional selection allows biologists to assess whether selection acts consistently in one direction, or in opposing directions over different parts of the trait range.
An Identity-Based Anti-Quantum Privacy-Preserving Blind Authentication in Wireless Sensor Networks

With the development of wireless sensor networks, IoT devices are crucial for the Smart City; these devices change people’s lives such as e-payment and e-voting systems. However, in these two systems, the state-of-art authentication protocols based on traditional number theory cannot defeat a quantum computer attack. In order to protect user privacy and guarantee trustworthy of big data, we propose a new identity-based blind signature scheme based on number theorem research unit lattice, this scheme mainly uses a rejection sampling theorem instead of constructing a trapdoor. Meanwhile, this scheme does not depend on complex public key infrastructure and can resist quantum computer attack. Then we design an e-payment protocol using the proposed scheme. Furthermore, we prove our scheme is secure in the random oracle, and satisfies confidentiality, integrity, and non-repudiation. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms the other traditional existing identity-based blind signature schemes in signing speed and verification speed, outperforms the other lattice-based blind signature in signing speed, verification speed, and signing secret key size.
Measuring Discriminations : an Introduction

The articles published here were all presented at the international conference on the measurement of discriminations held at the University of Evry Val d'Essonne on 13 and 14 December 2007, under the auspices of the TEPP research federation (FR n° 3126 of the CNRS). Over these two days, about sixty participants discussed the problems of defining and measuring discrimination, including work on economics, sociology and law; on discriminations in hiring, training, unemployment, promotion, career evolution, wages, housing and the access to collective goods (school, etc.); and discrimination based on gender, age, nationality, race, handicap or location.
Evolution and Diversity of Pre-mRNA Splicing in Highly Reduced Nucleomorph Genomes

Abstract Eukaryotic genes are interrupted by introns that are removed in a conserved process known as pre-mRNA splicing. Though well-studied in select model organisms, we are only beginning to understand the variation and diversity of this process across the tree of eukaryotes. We explored pre-mRNA splicing and other features of transcription in nucleomorphs, the highly reduced remnant nuclei of secondary endosymbionts. Strand-specific transcriptomes were sequenced from the cryptophyte Guillardia theta and the chlorarachniophyte Bigelowiella natans, whose plastids are derived from red and green algae, respectively. Both organisms exhibited elevated nucleomorph antisense transcription and gene expression relative to their respective nuclei, suggesting unique properties of gene regulation and transcriptional control in nucleomorphs. Marked differences in splicing were observed between the two nucleomorphs: the few introns of the G. theta nucleomorph were largely retained in mature transcripts, whereas the many short introns of the B. natans nucleomorph are spliced at typical eukaryotic levels (>90%). These differences in splicing levels could be reflecting the ancestries of the respective plastids, the different intron densities due to independent genome reduction events, or a combination of both. In addition to extending our understanding of the diversity of pre-mRNA splicing across eukaryotes, our study also indicates potential links between splicing, antisense transcription, and gene regulation in reduced genomes.
Retinoid X Receptor Activation During Adipogenesis of Female Mesenchymal Stem Cells Programs a Dysfunctional Adipocyte

Early life exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is an emerging risk factor for the development of obesity and diabetes later in life. We previously showed that prenatal exposure to the EDC tributyltin (TBT) results in increased adiposity in the offspring. These effects linger into adulthood and are propagated through successive generations. TBT activates two nuclear receptors, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ and its heterodimeric partner retinoid X receptor (RXR), that promote adipogenesis in vivo and in vitro. We recently employed a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) model to show that TBT promotes adipose lineage commitment by activating RXR, not PPARγ. This led us to consider the functional consequences of PPARγ vs RXR activation in developing adipocytes. We used a transcriptomal approach to characterize genome-wide differences in MSCs differentiated with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (ROSI) or TBT. Pathway analysis suggested functional deficits in TBT-treated cells. We then compared adipocytes differentiated with ROSI, TBT, or a pure RXR agonist IRX4204 (4204). Our data show that RXR activators ("rexinoids," 4204 and TBT) attenuate glucose uptake, blunt expression of the antidiabetic hormone adiponectin, and fail to downregulate proinflammatory and profibrotic transcripts, as does ROSI. Finally, 4204 and TBT treatment results in an inability to induce markers of adipocyte browning, in part due to sustained interferon signaling. Taken together, these data implicate rexinoids in the development of dysfunctional white adipose tissue that could potentially exacerbate obesity and/or diabetes risk in vivo. These data warrant further screening and characterization of EDCs that activate RXR.
Distributed Nonlinear System Identification in $\alpha$ -Stable Noise

In this letter, a novel diffusion Volterra (DV) algorithm is proposed for distributed in-network system identification in the presence of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha$</tex-math></inline-formula> -stable noise. The proposed algorithm is based on the logarithmic least mean <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $p$</tex-math></inline-formula>th-power criterion, which makes it robust against impulsive interferences, at the price of increased complexity. To overcome this shortcoming, we further develop the diffusion interpolated Volterra algorithm, which provides computational savings and good performance in comparison with the DV algorithm. Simulations results show that the proposed adaptive algorithms achieve better performance than the state-of-the-art approaches for distributed nonlinear system identification in impulsive noise.
Elevated methane levels in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth suggests delayed small bowel and colonic transit

Abstract Limited research exists regarding the relationship between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), small bowel transit (SBT), and colonic transit (CT). Furthermore, symptom analysis is limited between the subtypes of SIBO: hydrogen producing (H-SIBO) and methane producing (M-SIBO). The primary aims of this study are to: compare the SBT and CT in patients with a positive lactulose breath test (LBT) to those with a normal study; compare the SBT and CT among patients with H-SIBO or M-SIBO; compare the severity of symptoms in patients with a positive LBT to those with a normal study; compare the severity of symptoms among patients with H-SIBO or M-SIBO. A retrospective review was performed for 89 patients who underwent a LBT and whole gut transit scintigraphy (WGTS) between 2014 and 2016. Seventy-eight patients were included. WGTS evaluated gastric emptying, SBT (normal ≥40% radiotracer bolus accumulated at the ileocecal valve at 6 hours), and CT (normal geometric center of colonic activity = 1.6–7.0 at 24 hours, 4.0–7.0 at 48 hours, 6.2–7.0 at 72 hours; elevated geometric center indicates increased transit). We also had patients complete a pretest symptom survey to evaluate nausea, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, belching, and flatulence. A total of 78 patients (69 females, 9 males, mean age of 48 years, mean BMI of 25.9) were evaluated. Forty-seven patients had a positive LBT (H-SIBO 66%, M-SIBO 34%). Comparison of SBT among patients with a positive LBT to normal LBT revealed no significant difference (62.1% vs 58.6%, P = .63). The mean accumulated radiotracer was higher for H-SIBO compared to M-SIBO (71.5% vs 44.1%; P < .05). For CT, all SIBO patients had no significant difference in geometric centers of colonic activity at 24, 48, and 72 hours when compared to the normal group. When subtyping, H-SIBO had significantly higher geometric centers compared to the M-SIBO group at 24 hours (4.4 vs 3.1, P < .001), 48 hours (5.2 vs 3.8, P = .002), and at 72 hours (5.6 vs 4.3, P = .006). The symptom severity scores did not differ between the positive and normal LBT groups. A higher level of nausea was present in the H-SIBO group when compared to the M-SIBO group. Overall, the presence of SIBO does not affect SBT or CT at 24, 48, and 72 hours. However, when analyzing the subtypes, M-SIBO has significantly more delayed SBT and CT when compared to H-SIBO. These results suggest the presence of delayed motility in patients with high methane levels on LBT.
Event Identification for Explicit and Implicit References on Microblogs

We address the problem of event identification on microblogs with special attention to implicit reference cases in which events are not referred to by event’s information. Most studies identify events referred to by event’s information, while there are many implicitly referred events by microblogs, which are difficult to identify for short text such as microblogs. We therefore tackled implicit reference cases by analyzing links from microblogs. The links are able to connect opinions or feeling to their referred events. The analysis of links is particularly important for certain types of implicit references. In addition, we predict reference type of a microblog for accurately ranking referred events. The experimental results suggest that our method was effective for implicit references and predicting reference type was essential for identifying implicitly or explicitly referred events together.