Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mantle xenolith‐bearing Maastrichtian to Tertiary alkaline magmatism in Oman

Mantle xenolith‐bearing alkali basalts, basanites and tephrites with 1.5–2 K2O and 4–5 wt% Na2O occur as small (<100 m) plugs and dikes in the Batain and Haushi‐Huqf areas, and WNW of Muscat. Their black color and the common presence of peridotite xenoliths allow a separation from older alkaline rocks and from the ophiolitic extrusive rocks. Two main dike directions, approximately E‐W and N‐S oriented, are observed. Intrusions seem to occur where these two fault systems intersect. The basalts crosscut the Upper Maastrichtian siliciclastic rocks of the Fayah Formation and the nappe stack of the Eastern Ophiolite Belt of the Batain area. They have not been observed intruding the Tertiary shallow marine carbonates although K‐Ar whole rock dating on these lavas yielded Late Eocene 37 ± 1 to 44 ± 1 Ma ages. The rocks are aphyric and fine‐grained with microgranular, and less common microtrachytic texture. They contain magmatic olivine (Fo80–82), nepheline (Ne82–86Ks14–18), clinopyroxene (Di46En25Wo28) with 2.5 wt% Al2O3, accessory phlogopite (XMg0.6, with 5.5 wt% TiO2), in a microcrystalline or glassy matrix. Plagioclase is only observed in few samples. Locally occurring mm to cm‐sized immiscible leucocratic melt droplets consist of potassium feldspar (An1–4Ab37–39Or60–70), plagioclase (An20–22Ab65Or13–15), nepheline (Ne85Ks15), phlogopite (XMg0.8, with ∼6–7 wt% TiO2), and titanomagnetite with ∼8 wt% TiO2. More than 95% of the xenoliths are <5cm‐sized weakly to clearly foliated spinel peridotites of mantle origin. Sedimentary xenoliths (hornfelses) are rare and lower crustal xenoliths were not found. The peridotite xenoliths consist of olivine (Fo90–92), enstatite (En89Fs09Wo02) with 3.1–3.3 wt% Al2O3, diopside (Di45En26Wo29) with 3–6 wt% Al2O3, and Cr‐spinel with ∼60 mol% spinel, 20% hercynite, and 15–16% magnesiochromite. The age, chemical composition, and structural position suggest a relation with local tectonic movements associated with plate reorganization in the Owens Basin region prior to the Red Sea opening.
Egocentric Activity Recognition Using HOG , HOF , MBH and Combined features

Recognizing egocentric actions is a challenging task that has to be addressed in recent years. The recognition of first person activities helps in assisting elderly people, disabled patients and so on. Here, life logging activity videos are taken as input. There are 2 categories, first one is the top level and second one is second level. In this research work, the recognition is done using the features like Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), Histogram of optical Flow (HOF) and Motion Boundary Histogram (MBH). These features are combined together to form a feature (Combined HHM). The extracted features are fed as input to Principal component Analysis (PCA) which reduces the feature dimensionality. The reduced features are given as input to the classifiers like Support Vector Machine (SVM) and k Nearest Neighbor (kNN). The performance results showed that SVM gave better results than kNN classifier for both categories.
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an estuarine sediment

The occurrence and significance of the anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) process relative to denitrification was studied in photosynthetically active sediment from 2 shallow-water estuaries: Randers Fjord and Norsminde Fjord, Denmark. Anammox accounted for 5 to 24% of N2 pro- duction in Randers Fjord sediment, whereas no indication was seen of the process in sediment from Nors- minde Fjord. It is suggested that the presence of anammox in Randers Fjord and its absence from Nors- minde Fjord is associated with differences in the availability of NO3 - + NO2 - (NOx - ) in the suboxic zone of the sediment. In Randers Fjord, NOx - is present in the water column throughout the year and NOx - porewater profiles showed that NOx - penetrates into the suboxic zone of the sediment. In Norsminde Fjord, NOx - is absent from the water column during the summer months and, via assimilation, benthic mi- croalgae may prevent penetration of NOx - into the suboxic zone of the sediment. Volume-specific anam- mox rates in Randers Fjord were comparable with rates measured previously in Skagerrak sediment by other investigators, but denitrification rates were 10 to 15 times higher. Thus, anammox contributes less to N2 production in Randers Fjord than in Skagerrak sediment. We propose that the lower contribution of anammox in Randers Fjord is linked to the higher availability of easily accessible carbon, which sup- ports a higher population of denitrifying bacteria. Amplification of DNA extracted from the sediment sam- ples from Randers Fjord using planctomycete-specific primers yielded 16S rRNA gene sequences closely related to candidatus Scalindua sorokinii found in the Black Sea by other investigators. The present study thus confirms the link between the presence of bacteria affiliated with candidatus S. sorokinii and the anammox reaction in marine environments. Anammox rates in sediment with intact chemical gradients were estimated using both 15 N and microsensor techniques. Anammox rates estimated with microsensors were less than 22% of the rates measured with isotopes. It is suggested that this discrepancy was due to the presence of fauna, because the applied 15 N technique captures total N2 production while the micro- sensor technique only captures diffusion-controlled N2 production at the sediment surface. This hypo- thesis was verified by consistent agreement between the methods when applied to defaunated sediments.
THE THICKENING OF THE THIN DISK IN THE THIRD GALACTIC QUADRANT

In the third Galactic quadrant ( 180 ° ≤ l ≤ 270 ° ? > ) of the Milky Way, the Galactic thin disk exhibits a significant warp—shown both by gas and young stars—bending down a few kiloparsecs below the formal Galactic plane ( b = 0 ° ? > ). This warp shows its maximum at l ∼ 240 ° ? > , in the direction of the Canis Major constellation. In a series of papers, we have traced the detailed structure of this region using open star clusters, putting particular emphasis on the spiral structure of the outer disk. We noted a conspicuous accumulation of young star clusters within 2–3 kpc from the Sun and close to b = 0°, which we interpreted as the continuation of the Local (Orion) arm toward the outer disk. While most clusters (and young stars in their background) closely follow the warp of the disk, our decade-old survey of the spiral structure of this region led us to identify three clusters, Haffner 18 (1 and 2) and Haffner 19, which remain very close to b = 0° and lie at distances (4.5, ∼8.0, and 6.4 kpc) where most of the material is already significantly warped. Here, we report on a search for clusters that share the same properties as Haffner 18 and 19, and investigate the possible reasons for such an unexpected occurrence. We present UBVRI photometry of five young clusters, namely NGC 2345, NGC 2374, Trumpler 9, Haffner 20, and Haffner 21, which also lie close to the formal Galactic plane. With the exception of Haffner 20, in the background of these clusters we detected young stars that appear close to b = 0 ° ? > and are located at distances up to ∼8 kpc from the Sun, thus deviating significantly from the warp. These populations define a structure that distributes over almost the entire third Galactic quadrant. We discuss this structure in the context of a possible thin disk flaring, similar to the Galactic thick disk.
Report edback Loop Controls Root Growth in Arabidopsis

Raffaele Dello Ioio,1 Carla Galinha,1 Alexander G. Fletcher,2 Stephen P. Grigg,1,7 Attila Molnar,3 Viola Willemsen,4 Ben Scheres,4 Sabrina Sabatini,5 David Baulcombe,3 Philip K. Maini,2 and Miltos Tsiantis1,6,* 1Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK 2Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3LB, UK 3Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK 4Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands 5Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185 Rome, Italy 6Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
Palliative Care for Neurologically Injured Patients: Why and How?

Abstract The role of palliative care in patients with cancer is widely acknowledged and practiced. Though its role in chronic, progressive, and incurable neurological conditions is being recognized now, it is not widely practiced. Lack of awareness and training are important factors contributing to this. Neurological patients differ from oncological patients with respect to their symptoms, fluctuating disease course, varied prognoses, and difficulty in identifying end-of-life stage. Knowledge of different neurological conditions is important to practice neuropalliative care appropriately. Growth of neuropalliative care services must begin with the neurologist at the center of the multidisciplinary team. Neurologists need to be trained in communication skills and advance care planning, and must be aware of end-of-life care, do-not-resuscitate policies, and withdrawal of life support measures. This article elaborates on these aspects of neuropalliative care and discusses its role in various neurological conditions.
Universitet KYC optimization using distributed ledger technology

The know-your-customer (KYC) due diligence process is outdated and generates costs of up to USD 500 million per year per bank. The authors propose a new system, based on distributed ledger technology (DLT), that reduces the costs of the core KYC verification process for financial institutions and improves the customer experience. In the proposed system, the core KYC verification process is only conducted once for each customer, regardless of the number of financial institutions with which that customer intends to work. Thanks to DLT, the result of the core KYC verification can be securely shared by customers with all the financial institutions that they intend to work with. This system allows for efficiency gains, cost reduction, improved customer experience, and increased transparency throughout the process of onboarding a customer.
The Balance on the Balanced Scorecard: A Critical Analysis of Some of Its Assumptions

In recent years academic scholars have given increasing attention to the importance of strategic measurement systems including both non-financial and financial measures. One of the approaches adopted is that of the Balanced Scorecard (Kaplan & Norton, 1996a). It is distinct from other strategic measurement systems in that it is more than an ad hoc collection of financial and non-financial measures (Kaplan & Norton, 1996a; Kaplan & Norton, 1996b). It contains outcome measures and the performance drivers of outcomes, linked together in cause-and-effect relationships, and thus aims to be a feed-forward control system (deHaas and Kleingeld, 1999). Furthermore, the balanced scorecard is intended not only as a strategic measurement system but aslo as a strategic control system which can align departmental and personal goals to overall strategy (Kaplan & Norton, 1996a). This paper first examines the extent to which there is a cause-and-effect relationship among the four areas of measurement suggested (the financial, customer, internal-business-process and learning and growth perspectives). The paper then examines whether the balanced scorecard can link strategy to operational metrics which managers can understand and influence. Finally, it discusses and suggests some improvements to the balanced scorecard.
Anti-Index: Against Privacy Mining via Search Engines

With the flourishing of Web 2.0, Internet has become the largest information depositary, which contains huge personal information of Web users. The information related to a specific person is usually scattered on various pages in different websites. However, today’s Internet has been highly crawled and indexed by search engines. The malicious attacker may collect a specific person’s information via search engines and obtain some privacy-sensitive information. Therefore, we observe a new type of privacy problem on the Internet: Privacy Mining via Search Engines. Our experiment shows this problem is serious yet easily ignored; it is a potential threat to Web users. We present a privacy mining model for describing the process of privacy leakage via search engines. To prevent this kind of privacy attack, we propose a method called Anti-Index and extend robots.txt to ERobots.txt with the fine-grained access control policies from the perspective of website constructors. In addition, we suggest a new service: automatically detecting potential dangers of privacy leakage for Web users. We also discuss several challenging problems about the privacy mining via search engines.
A New Approach to Consumption of Exhaustible Resources (Based on Islamic Justice and Hartwick Criteria)

Nowadays, there is an increasing attention to the resources scarcity issues. Because of failure in present patterns in the field of the allocation of exhaustible resources between generations and the challenges related to economic justice supply, it is supposed, to present a pattern from the Islamic perspective in this essay. By using content analysis of religious texts, we conclude that governments should remove the gap which is exists between the per capita income of the poor and their minimum consumption (necessary consumption). In order to preserve the exhaustible resources for poor people) not for all), between all generations, government should invest exhaustible resources on endless resources according to Hartwick’s criteria and should spend these benefits for poor people. But, if benefits did not cover the gap between minimum consumption and per capita income of poor levels in one generation, in this case, the government is responsible for covering this gap through the direct consumption of exhaustible resources. For an exact answer to this question, ‘how much of exhaustible resources should expense to maintain justice between generations? ’ The theoretical and mathematical modeling has been used and proper function has been provided. The consumption pattern is presented for economic policy makers in Muslim countries, and non-Muslim even, it can be useful. JEL Classification : P46, Q38, O38, Q32 Keywords : Exhaustible Resources, Islamic Justice, Intergenerational Justice, Distribution of Resources, Hartwick Criteria
Bridging Reality and the Theory of International Environmental Agreements

The literature on the economics of international environmental agreements has been developing for two decades. Some significant progress has been made. But some simple and fundamental questions remain unanswered, such as the Schelling Paradox of why intertemporal environmental agreements that benefit the developing world should be easier to achieve than agreements on development assistance involving no intertemporal dimensions. This paper provides a general review of what the literature on the economics of international environmental agreements has taught us and what the implications are of that literature for the actual world of environmental agreements. The paper identifies four possible anomalies between the theory of international agreements and empirical evidence. One is why do individual countries appear to be willing to act unilaterally, when that is not individually rational in the standard sense? Another is why is country income ignored in theory whereas it is a dominant issue in the “real world. ” A third is why theory predicts more free-riding that one finds in experimental work or even casual empiricism of actual experience with treaties. A fourth and related technical question is why increases in the benefit cost ratio for abatement tends to decrease agreement size in theory but has the opposite effect in experiments. The paper suggests that social preferences may offer a way of bringing theory and empirics closer together for the case of international environmental agreements.
Role of 28-homobrassinolide on growth biochemical parameters of Trigonella foenu-graecum L. plants subjected to lead toxicity

The study contributes to the enhancement of knowledge about the behaviour of Trigonella foneu-graecum L. (fenugreek) plants with lead [Pb (NO3)2] and their combinations with plant growth hormone 28-homobrassinolide (28HBL). The growth and biochemical parameters of Trigonella foenu-graecum L. plants subjected to lead toxicity were determined. Application of HBL might be improved plant biomass due to increase of photosynthetic pigments; this further induced the rate of photosynthesis in fenugreek plants. The biochemical parameters like carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids were found decreased in pb applied plants and the toxicity was inhibited by HBL at low concentrations. The results clearly demonstrated the ameliorating effect of HBL in mitigating the toxicity of pb in fenugreek plants.
Encoder Encoder y 1 y 2 y 3 Softmax x Generation Network of eac h z x Encoder z Decoder

Neural generative models have become popular and achieved promising performance on short-text conversation tasks. They are generally trained to build a 1-to-1 mapping from the input post to its output response. However, a given post is often associated with multiple replies simultaneously in real applications. Previous research on this task mainly focuses on improving the relevance and informativeness of the top one generated response for each post. Very few works study generating multiple accurate and diverse responses for the same post. In this paper, we propose a novel response generation model, which considers a set of responses jointly and generates multiple diverse responses simultaneously. A reinforcement learning algorithm is designed to solve our model. Experiments on two short-text conversation tasks validate that the multiple responses generated by our model obtain higher quality and larger diversity compared with various state-ofthe-art generative models.
Data Mining by Non-Axiomatic Reasoning

Data Mining takes many forms and is usually carried out by algorithms that were specially designed for the task at hand. In this paper we present the usage of a Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System (NARS) for Data Mining purposes. NARS is a general-purpose reasoner that enables reasoning about data while not being restricted to speciﬁc Data Mining problems, allowing for a broad range of applications. This paper evaluates the approach on speciﬁc data sets, and contains improvements and comparisons with other techniques. Additionally, the included LazyMiner use case demonstrates autonomous NARS-based rule mining under hard resource constraints on mobile devices.
Multi-Feature Walking Pedestrian Detection Using Dense Stereo and Motion

This paper deals with a pedestrian pre-crash sensor based on dense stereovision and motion analysis. We aim to provide means to deploy safety measures before a crash occurs. Depending on the concrete selected actuator, it could be interesting to know the type of object (e. g. vehicle, pedestrian, bicyclist, etc.) involved in the collision. Some actuators need the information about the collision partner type, because they have to be triggered only in specific situations, or in a situation dependent manner. We present a pedestrian detection system based on dense stereo and motion, acting as pre–crash sensor. In order to detect pedestrians, we use simple features such as object size, speed, and also more complex, motion based features. All these features are combined into a flexible, Bayesian framework.
Counting walks with large steps in an orthant

In the past fifteen years, the enumeration of lattice walks with steps taken in a prescribed set S and confined to a given cone, especially the first quadrant of the plane, has been intensely studied. As a result, the generating functions of quadrant walks are now well-understood, provided the allowed steps are small, that is $S \subset \{-1, 0,1\}^2$. In particular, having small steps is crucial for the definition of a certain group of bi-rational transformations of the plane. It has been proved that this group is finite if and only if the corresponding generating function is D-finite (that is, it satisfies a linear differential equation with polynomial coefficients). This group is also the key to the uniform solution of 19 of the 23 small step models possessing a finite group. In contrast, almost nothing is known for walks with arbitrary steps. In this paper, we extend the definition of the group, or rather of the associated orbit, to this general case, and generalize the above uniform solution of small step models. When this approach works, it invariably yields a D-finite generating function. We apply it to many quadrant problems, including some infinite families. After developing the general theory, we consider the $13\ 110$ two-dimensional models with steps in $\{-2,-1,0,1\}^2$ having at least one $-2$ coordinate. We prove that only 240 of them have a finite orbit, and solve 231 of them with our method. The 9 remaining models are the counterparts of the 4 models of the small step case that resist the uniform solution method (and which are known to have an algebraic generating function). We conjecture D-finiteness for their generating functions, but only two of them are likely to be algebraic. We also prove non-D-finiteness for the $12\ 870$ models with an infinite orbit, except for 16 of them.
Frequency Coded Chipless RFID Tag using Spurline Resonators

A novel compact chipless RFID tag using spur- line resonators is discussed in this paper. The detection of the tag's ID is using the spectral signature of a spurline resonator circuit. The tag has a data capacity of 8-bits in the range 2.38 to 4.04 GHz. The tag consists of a spurline multiresonating circuit and two cross polarized antennas. The prototype of the tag is fabricated on a substrate C- MET/LK4.3 of dielectric constant 4.3 and loss tangent 0.0018. The measured results show that group delay re- sponse can also be used to decode the tag's identity.
Broadband emissivity calibration of highly reflective samples at cryogenic temperatures

We have developed a technique for measuring the broadband optical emissivity of high reflectivity samples at cryogenic temperatures. This measurement method employs a primary standard optical detector with high absorptance from visible wavelengths to beyond 200 µm. Background subtraction and quantification allow determination of the emissivity with total absolute uncertainty (k = 1) between approximately 0.0002 and 0.002 (for emissivities between 0.0035 and 0.092) over the temperature range from 80 K to 300 K. Using the irradiance data at the detector, precise measurements of the experimental geometry and diffraction calculations, the optical power emitted by the sample can be determined. Contact thermometry measurements for the sample can then be used to find its emissivity. The emissivity calibration technique is demonstrated for large plate samples made from polished stainless steel and is also extended to calculate the separate emissivities of multiple distinct regions on a more complex sample assembly.
Changing Environment and the Rebirth of Distant Learning

This theoretical essay is a learning approach reflexion on Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences and the possibilities provided by the education model known as open and distance learning. Open and distance learning can revolutionize traditional pedagogical practice, meeting the needs of those who have different forms of cognitive understanding. This tool has in itself the potential to build knowledge collectively. The conclusions raise new questions for future discussion, shedding some light on the open and distance learning not as a mere tool to spread education, but as a means to reach new levels of comprehension and consciousness, reflecting on the role of education itself.