Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Obesity and impaired cognitive functioning in the elderly: a population‐based cross‐sectional study (NEDICES)

Studies of high body mass index (BMI) and cognition in the elderly have shown conflicting results. While some studies have shown a detrimental effect of high BMI on cognitive function, others have observed beneficial effects on cognition. Our aim was to assess cognitive function in a large population‐based sample of overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) community‐dwelling elderly participants compared with their counterparts with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (i.e. controls) living in the same population.
A reduced basis approach to large‐scale pseudospectra computation

For studying spectral properties of a nonnormal matrix A∈Cn×n , information about its spectrum σ(A) alone is usually not enough. Effects of perturbations on σ(A) can be studied by computing ε‐pseudospectra, i.e. the level sets of the resolvent norm function g(z)=‖(zI−A)−1‖2 . The computation of ε‐pseudospectra requires determining the smallest singular values σmin(zI−A) for all z on a portion of the complex plane. In this work, we propose a reduced basis approach to pseudospectra computation, which provides highly accurate estimates of pseudospectra in the region of interest, in particular, for pseudospectra estimates in isolated parts of the spectrum containing few eigenvalues of A. It incorporates the sampled singular vectors of zI − A for different values of z, and implicitly exploits their smoothness properties. It provides rigorous upper and lower bounds for the pseudospectra in the region of interest. In addition, we propose a domain splitting technique for tackling numerically more challenging examples. We present a comparison of our algorithms to several existing approaches on a number of numerical examples, showing that our approach provides significant improvement in terms of computational time.
Lattice Boltzmann modelling of streaming potentials: variations with salinity in monophasic conditions

S U M M A R Y The streaming potential phenomenon is produced by the flow of an electrolyte in a porous medium and is used for geophysical prospecting. It is quantified through an electrokinetic (EK) coefficient. The dependence of the EK coefficient on the conductivity of the electrolyte is described by the Helmholtz–Smoluchowski (HS) equation. This equation provides successful forecasts of the EK coefficient in the standard range of concentration. However, experimental measurements show deviations to this equation at extreme low and extreme high salinities. The aim of this study is to model the EK coefficient using Lattice Boltzmann simulations in a 2-D capillary channel, with a view to understanding these deviations. The effect of the constitutive parameters of the HS equation such as the permittivity and the viscosity is discussed. The validity of the HS equation using strong ζ potentials is assessed. Finally, a model of bulk fluid conductivity is derived. This model allows to take into account the change of local ionic distribution in the vicinity of the mineral. It appears to have a significant impact on the derivation of ζ potentials at low salinities and in the presence of polyvalent counterions.
Automatic detection of stuttering in a speech

In the work authors applied speech recognition techniques to find disfluent events. The recognition system based on the Hidden Markov Model Toolkit was built and tested. The set of context dependent HMM models was trained and used to locate speech disturbances. Authors were not concentrated on specific disfluency type but tried to find any extraneous sounds in a speech signal. Patients read prepared sentences, the system recognized them and then results were compared to manual transcriptions. It allowed the system to be more robust and enabled to find all disfluencies types appearing at word boundaries. Such system can by utilized in many ways, for example like a "preprocessor"that finds strange sounds in a speech to be analyzed or classified by other algorithms later, to evaluate or track therapy process of stuttering people, to evaluate speech fluency by ńormalśpeakers, etc.
Transfer function analysis of cerebral autoregulation dynamics in autonomic failure patients.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Autonomic nervous system diseases affect systemic blood pressure regulation. Patients with autonomic nervous system diseases have consistently larger drops in blood pressure associated with standing than the normal population. Autonomic dysfunction and/or these changes in blood pressure may affect dynamic cerebral autoregulation. METHODS Heart rate, mean blood flow velocity (MBFV) of the middle cerebral artery via transcranial Doppler ultrasound, mean arterial blood pressure adjusted to brain level (MABPbrain) via Finapres, and end tidal CO2 were measured continuously during graded tilt (after 5 minutes in supine position as baseline, -10 degrees, +10 degrees, +30 degrees, +60 degrees, -10 degrees, and supine recovery) in autonomic failure patients and their age- and sex-matched control subjects. The dynamic response of MBFV to spontaneous variations in MABPbrain was investigated by cross-spectral analysis. The transfer gain and phase relationships between MBFV and MABPbrain were determined from the final 256 beats of each 5-minute-tilt segment. The transfer gain was normalized to mean MABPbrain and MBFV and then converted to decibels (dB). RESULTS MBFV variation (0.03 to 0.14 Hz) preceded MABPbrain by similar phase angles in patients and control subjects and in all tilt conditions (patients: 31 +/- 5 degrees; control subjects: 30 +/- 5 degrees; mean +/- SEM). Patients had a higher supine gain than control subjects (P < .05). Both patients and control subjects showed a significant decrease in gain with tilt and by 60 degrees the patients were not different from the control subjects (supine to 60 degrees: patients = 5.23 +/- 0.77 to -1.65 +/- 0.89 dB; control subjects = 1.74 +/- 0.82 to -1.80 +/- 0.62 dB). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate an altered, yet present, autoregulatory response with autonomic failure.
An equivalent dual three-phase SVPWM realization of the modified 24-sector SVPWM strategy for asymmetrical dual stator induction machine

A modified space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) strategy based on vector space decomposition and its equivalent dual three-phase SVPWM realization are proposed in this paper, which is suitable for two-level six-phase voltage inverter fed asymmetrical dual stator induction machines (DSIMs). The DSIM is composed of two sets of symmetrical three-phase stator windings spatially shifted by 30 electrical degrees. The proposed SVPWM technique can reduce the torque ripple and suppress the harmonic currents flowing in stator windings. Above all, the equivalent relationship between the proposed SVPWM technique and the dual three-phase SVPWM technique has been demonstrated, which allows easy implementation for digital signal processor (DSP). Simulation and experimental results, carried out separately on a simulation system and a 3.0 kW DSIM prototype test bench, are presented and discussed.
The MG1363 and IL1403 Laboratory Strains of Lactococcus lactis and Several Dairy Strains Are Diploid

ABSTRACT Bacteria are normally haploid, maintaining one copy of their genome in one circular chromosome. We have examined the cell cycle of laboratory strains of Lactococcus lactis, and, to our surprise, we found that some of these strains were born with two complete nonreplicating chromosomes. We determined the cellular content of DNA by flow cytometry and by radioactive labeling of the DNA. These strains thus fulfill the criterion of being diploid. Several dairy strains were also found to be diploid while a nondairy strain and several other dairy strains were haploid in slow-growing culture. The diploid and haploid strains differed in their sensitivity toward UV light, in their cell size, and in their D period, the period between termination of DNA replication and cell division.
THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE THYROTROPIC HORMONE

HIS paper will re\ iew the present status of the biochemistry of the T thyrotropic hormone and present some recently published and some unpublished results as they are pertinent t o the major topics of this field. After a few introductory concepts, the following major topics will be considered: bioassay, preparation and purification, thyrotropic hormone in body fluids, and chemical reactions. Since there are more than a thousand references to the thyrotropic or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), there is no intent t o prepare an exhaustive review. Four excellent recent reviews have considerably lightened this task; one covers the older literature, t w o deal with the chemistry of the hormones of the anterior lobe in general but contain sections on TSH, and one discusses the variations of TSH potency in the pituitary of various animals. '-4
Cell‐surface‐associated polypeptides CshA and CshB of high molecular mass are colonization determinants in the oral bacterium Streptococcus gordonii

The human oral bacterium Streptococcus gordonii expresses, on the cell surface, two antigenically related high‐molecular‐mass polypeptides denoted CshA and CshB, encoded by genes at separate chromosomal loci. The precursor form of CshA is composed of four distinct segments: (i) a 41‐amino‐acid residue leader peptide, (ii) W‐terminal 42–878 residues, (iii) residues 879–2417 comprising 13 repeat blocks of 101 amino acid residues and three shorter blocks, and (iv) a C‐terminal anchor domain similar to those present in some other Gram‐positive bacterial cell‐wall polypeptides. Insertional mutations within cshA reduced both cell‐surface hydrophobicity and ability to adhere to oral Actinomyces naeslundii. Insertional mutations in cshB had less effect on hydrophobicity and coadherence. However, expression of both polypeptides was found to be necessary for streptococci to colonize the murine oral cavity.
Characterization of a novel mutation in exon 10 of the adrenoleukodystrophy gene

We have detected a novel mutation in the adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) gene in skin fibroblasts in primary culture derived from a patient suffering from the adrenocortical insufficiency‐only‐phenotype of ALD. This nonsense mutation (C2400T/Q672X) is the only mutation reported to date affecting exon 10. It leads to a translation product lacking the 74 C‐terminal amino acids. As a consequence of the loss of this region, which immediately follows the putative nucleotide binding domain, the ALD protein (ALDP) was not detectable at all by ALDP‐specific monoclonal antibodies. Since ALDP‐specific mRNA was readily detected in these fibroblasts, the loss of protein is probably not attributable to RNA instability but may be explained by protein instability. If the Q672X mutation leads in fact to an unstable translation product this would be consistent with the hypothesis that the C‐terminus is crucial for ALDP stability.
Detection of Cell Proliferation Markers by Immunofluorescence Staining and Microscopy Imaging in Paraffin‐Embedded Tissue Sections

This unit describes a step‐by‐step protocol to detect and quantify proliferating cells in paraffin‐embedded tissue sections. Two well‐established markers of proliferation (incorporation of BrdU into newly synthesized DNA and expression of the nuclear protein Ki67) are detected after antigen‐retrieval and subsequent immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis in 6 of 8 first-degree relatives.

We treated 3 siblings for slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). the first, a girl, was admitted when she was 13 years old who had had left hip and knee pain for 3 months. Radiography showed a SCFE with a slip angle of 60° on the Lauenstein view. the girl was overweight, 62.5 kg, while her height was 148 cm. Menarche had not taken place yet, the size of the mammae was Tanner I. She was treated with a subtrochanteric osteotomy (Southwick 1967).
HTC HD mini

移动手持终端的发展，越来越呈现出两极分化的趋势：一方面，为了满足消费者更好的互联网体验．屏幕越做越大。 机身尺寸当然也就更大：另一方面。 手机的功能越来越多。 性能越来越好，体积却做得越来越小。 或许拥有4．3英寸超大屏幕的HTCHD2令人惊叹不已．但超大尺寸带来的便携性问题仍然令许多用户敬而远之。 HTCHDmini的出现。 令我们拥有了体积更小巧、功能与HD2相近手机的可能，让人不得不感叹——手机越来越小，世界越来越大。
High heart rate: a risk factor for cardiovascular death in elderly men.

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between heart rate and 12-year incidence rates of total and cardiovascular death in a cohort of elderly subjects stratified by sex. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study was carried out in 763 white men and 1175 women aged 65 years or older who were participating in the Cardiovascular Study in the Elderly. Subjects were divided into quintiles of heart rate; the top quintile comprised those with a heart rate of greater than 80/min and the bottom quintile, those with a heart rate of less than 64/min. RESULTS In the men, the number of deaths from cardiovascular causes was significantly increased in those in the top quintile of heart rate (crude relative risk, 1.55) but decreased in those in the bottom quintile (crude relative risk, 0.65). Similar relationships were found in the women, but the associations did not reach statistical significance (all-cause, P = .11; cardiovascular, P = .15). After adjustment for baseline age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, angina or previous myocardial infarction (coronary heart disease), regular medication, lipid levels, smoking, alcohol intake, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and other confounders, the relative risk for cardiovascular death in the men was 1.38 (95% confidence interval, 0.94-2.03) for the subjects in the top quintile of heart rate and 0.82 (95% confidence interval, 0.52-1.28) for those in the bottom quintile. In the Cox analysis, predictors of time to cardiovascular death were heart rate (P < .001), age (P < .001), coronary heart disease (P < .001), clinical heart failure (P = .001), diabetes mellitus (P = .001), hypertension (P = .02), and triglyceride levels (P = .04), whereas total (P = .20) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P = .21) levels and smoking (P = .74) were found to be nonsignificant by the model. The heart rate-cardiovascular death association held true when subjects who died in 2 years after enrollment were excluded (P = .008). CONCLUSIONS An elevated heart rate may be a strong predictor of cardiovascular death in elderly men. Conversely, a low heart rate is related to a better outcome in these subjects.
Neutrophil migration in vivo and in vitro in healthy neutropenic subjects

Migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was studied in six healthy subjects with neutropenia (peripheral blood neutrophil count ≥ 1.5 times 109/1). Determined as migration differentials, chemotactic and chemokinetic responsiveness tended to be higher in the neutropenic group. Despite this slight tendency to increased responsiveness in vitro, migration in vivo proceeded more slowly in the neutropenic group than in the control group: at 12 hours the leukocyte counts in the skin chamber media were significantly lower, whereas at 24 hours they were nearly normal. Our results show that PMN migration in healthy neutropenic subjects is different from that in healthy non‐neutropenic subjects. These differences should be taken into account in the evaluation of the role of aberrant PMN migration in the development of infectious episodes in a neutropenic patient.
Genistein aglycone, a soy‐derived isoflavone, improves skin changes induced by ovariectomy in rats

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ovariectomy accelerates age‐related skin changes as adequate oestrogen levels are required to control structural integrity and functional capacity of skin. Genistein, a soy‐derived isoflavone, has been tested in anti‐ageing cosmetic preparations with interesting results on skin elasticity, photoaging and skin cancer prevention. We investigated the effects of genistein aglycone and compared them with systemic raloxifene hydrochloride and 17‐α‐ethinyloestradiol on skin changes in aged, ovariectomized (OVX) rats.
Mechanisms involved in enhancement of the expression and function of aggrecanases by hyaluronan oligosaccharides.

OBJECTIVE Small hyaluronan (HA) oligosaccharides serve as competitive receptor antagonists to displace HA from the cell surface and induce cell signaling events. In articular chondrocytes, this cell signaling is mediated by the HA receptor CD44 and induces stimulation of genes involved in matrix degradation, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as well as matrix repair genes including type II collagen, aggrecan, and HA synthase 2. The objective of this study was to determine changes in the expression and function of aggrecanases after disruption of chondrocyte CD44-HA interactions. METHODS Bovine articular chondrocytes or bovine cartilage tissue was pretreated with a variety of inhibitors of major signaling pathways prior to the addition of HA oligosaccharides. Changes in aggrecanase were monitored by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses of ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5, and aggrecan proteolytic fragments. To test the interactions between ADAMTS-4 and membrane type 4 MMP (MT4-MMP), protein lysates purified from stimulated chondrocytes were subjected to coimmunoprecipitation. RESULTS Disruption of chondrocyte CD44-HA interactions with HA oligosaccharides induced the transcription of ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The association of glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored MT4-MMP with ADAMTS-4 was also induced in articular chondrocytes by HA oligosaccharides. Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway blocked HA oligosaccharide-mediated stimulation of aggrecanases. CONCLUSION Disruptive changes in chondrocyte-matrix interactions by HA oligosaccharides induce matrix degradation and elevate aggrecanases via the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Breaking down the barriers to restore public confidence: disclosure.

Conflict of interest is pervasive and unavoidable. Spine, the leading journal in the area of clinical and basic research related to the spine, planned a meeting to review this topic last year (2000) as part of our millennium restructuring. After a recent meeting of the Deputy Editors and the Editorin-Chief, Spine presents a summary of that meeting and the new policies developed related to conflict of interest. Spine has always had a substantive conflict of interest policy, but the effectiveness of these policies is largely unknown. In an attempt to raise the awareness and decrease the stigma associated with conflict of interest, Spine wants to encourage disclosure. The literature is replete with examples wherein conflict of interest has had a positive impact on reported results. In other words, financial conflict often skews the results of clinical and basic research toward favoring the drug or device in question. This is not surprising, but it can be disquieting. The public has, appropriately, long held the medical profession to a high ethical standard. Recent events, such as the death of a study participant in Pennsylvania, have served to undermine the trust that is essential to the doctor–patient relationship. Disclosure can serve to disarm the insinuations related to a researcher’s funding sources. Conversely, lack of disclosure undermines the ethos necessary to ensure the public trust; nondisclosure makes it seem as though the researcher has something to hide, whether it’s true or not. For this reason, many prominent medical journals have broadcast their plans to change their current policies related to reporting and publishing manuscripts with conflicts of interest. Many of these policies have been in effect at Spine for several years. However, with the media refocusing on this topic, it was timely that we had planned a retreat around conflict of interest. Spine endorses a policy of full disclosure for authors upon publication and, in addition, a disclosure-based peer review process. Accordingly, authors and reviewers are held to the same standard regarding disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. Just as there may be conflicts in interpretation of data on the researcher’s part, so there may also be on the reviewer’s part. Conflicts unto themselves will not discount an article from publication. To that extent, our Deputy Editors have endorsed the following as principles for defining and reporting conflict of interest.
Surgical Indications to Maintain Quality of Life in Elderly Patients with Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms

OBJECTIVEWe performed a retrospective study to assess long-term outcomes in very old patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms. The aim of the study was to develop guidelines for choosing surgical or conservative treatment with the goal of maintaining patients’ quality of life. METHODSBetween 1996 and 1999, 76 consecutive patients, aged 80 to 89 years, with ruptured intracranial aneurysms were treated at 18 participating centers. They were divided retrospectively into operated and nonoperated groups, and their preoperative characteristics and treatment outcomes were analyzed. Their Glasgow Outcome Scale and Barthel Index scores at least 2 years after the insult were recorded and analyzed from the perspective of their admission Hunt and Hess grade. RESULTSOur retrospective review encompassed 5.9 years. Of the original 76 patients, 54 (71.1%) died, 13 (17.1%) had a good outcome (Barthel Index ≥60), and 9 (11.8%) had a poor outcome (Barthel Index <60). All patients with Hunt and Hess grades of III or higher at admission had poor outcomes irrespective of treatment. Of 32 patients with an initial Hunt and Hess grade of I or II, 19 (59.4%) underwent surgery; 9 of these patients (47.4%) had good outcomes. Conversely, of 13 nonoperated patients (40.6%), only 2 (15.4%) experienced good outcomes. In seven of the nine operated patients with good outcomes, the aneurysm was small (<12 mm) and located at the internal carotid artery-posterior communicating artery junction. CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that patients in the 9th decade of life with ruptured intracranial aneurysms can be considered for surgical treatment if they have a Hunt and Hess grade of I or II. The highest rate of favorable results was achieved in patients with small internal carotid artery-posterior communicating artery aneurysms.
Process-variance models in information security awareness research

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the way information systems (IS) security researchers approach information security awareness and examine whether these approaches are consistent with the organization theory and IS approaches for the study of organizational processes.Design/methodology/approach – Open coding analysis was performed on selected publications (articles, surveys, standards, and reports). The chosen publications were classified and the classification results are presented, based on a proposed typology.Findings – The proposed typology allows us to identify different types of research models followed by security researchers and practitioners, and to infer a set of practical implications, for the benefit of those interested in empirically studying information security awareness.Research limitations/implications – The paper represents a pilot survey, performed in a selected number of publications.Practical implications – The paper helps researchers and practitioners to distinguish th.