Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EKSTRAKSI SELULOSA BATANG TANAMAN JAGUNG (ZEA MAYS) METODE BASA

Batang tanaman jagung merupakan salah satu limbah hasil pertanian yang mengandung selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi NaOH pada proses ekstraksi selulosa dari batang tanaman jagung terhadap rendemen dan sifat fisik selulosa. Tahap dan metode penelitian meliputi: ekstraksi selulosa batang tanaman jagung melalui proses delignifikasi, pencucian, blanching, pengeringan dan pembuatan serbuk selulosa. Percobaan menggunakan waktu ekstraksi selama 60 menit dengan konsentrasi NaOH (K) dengan 5 taraf perlakuan yaitu K1= 10%, K2= 15%, K3= 20%, K4= 25% dan K5= 30%. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali dan masing-masing dianalisis dengan dua ulangan. Sehingga diperoleh unit percobaan 3x5x2 = 30 unit percobaan. Analisis produk selulosa secara fisik meliputi pengukuran rendemen, pH, Water Holding Capacity (WHC) dan Oil Holding Capacity (OHC). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penggunaan NaOH konsentrasi 25% pada proses ekstraksi selulosa batang jagung menghasilkan rendemen tertinggi sebesar 35,61%; nilai pH rata-rata sebesar 8,66. Kemampuan mengikat air (WHC) tertinggi sebesar 8,21 g/g dan kemampuan mengikat minyak (OHC) sebesar 9,76 g/g. Kata kunci: Selulosa, batang tanaman jagung, Ekstraksi, Natrium Hidroksida
A Local Community-Based Social Network for Mental Health and Well-being (Quokka): Exploratory Feasibility Study

Background Developing healthy habits and maintaining prolonged behavior changes are often difficult tasks. Mental health is one of the largest health concerns globally, including for college students. Objective Our aim was to conduct an exploratory feasibility study of local community-based interventions by developing Quokka, a web platform promoting well-being activity on university campuses. We evaluated the intervention’s potential for promotion of local, social, and unfamiliar activities pertaining to healthy habits. Methods To evaluate this framework’s potential for increased participation in healthy habits, we conducted a 6-to-8-week feasibility study via a “challenge” across 4 university campuses with a total of 277 participants. We chose a different well-being theme each week, and we conducted weekly surveys to (1) gauge factors that motivated users to complete or not complete the weekly challenge, (2) identify participation trends, and (3) evaluate the feasibility of the intervention to promote local, social, and novel well-being activities. We tested the hypotheses that Quokka participants would self-report participation in more local activities than remote activities for all challenges (Hypothesis H1), more social activities than individual activities (Hypothesis H2), and new rather than familiar activities (Hypothesis H3). Results After Bonferroni correction using a Clopper-Pearson binomial proportion confidence interval for one test, we found that there was a strong preference for local activities for all challenge themes. Similarly, users significantly preferred group activities over individual activities (P<.001 for most challenge themes). For most challenge themes, there were not enough data to significantly distinguish a preference toward familiar or new activities (P<.001 for a subset of challenge themes in some schools). Conclusions We find that local community-based well-being interventions such as Quokka can facilitate positive behaviors. We discuss these findings and their implications for the research and design of location-based digital communities for well-being promotion.
Repellent activity of monoterpenoid esters with neurotransmitter amino acids against yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti

Abstract Repellent activity of monoterpenoid esters (1-6) with neurotransmitter amino acids (GABA and glycine) was investigated against Aedes aegypti by using a “cloth-patch” assay and compared to reference standard N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET). Monoterpenoid esters showed repellent activity with minimum effective dosages (MED) in the range of 0.031-0.469 mg/cm2. The carvacrol ester of GABA (2, MED of 0.031 ± 0.008 mg/cm2) exhibited the highest repellency of six monoterpenoid esters tested in comparison to the standard repellent DEET (MED of 0.009 ± 0.002 mg/cm2); however, the repellent activity of carvacrol-glycine ester (5) decreased 4-fold compared to the carvacrol-GABA derivative (2). The repellent activities of menthol GABA (1, MED= 0.375 ± 0.000 mg/cm2) and glycine ester (4, MED=0.312 ± 0.063 mg/cm2) were similar The guaiacol-glycine ester (6) was 3.75-fold more efficacious than the guaiacol ester of GABA (3). In the present study, we report repellent efficacy of prolonged exposure to GABA and glycine esters of menthol, carvacrol, guaiacol (1-6) as compared to the repellent activities of their monoterpene moieties alone.
Energy Efficiency and the Role of Financial Development, Trade Openness and Technological Innovation:  Exploring the Dynamic Linkages for Pakistan

The study explores the dynamic linkages among financial development, trade openness, technological innovation and energy efficiency in Pakistan utilizing cointegration tests, Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG) and Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) model for the period 1980-2017. The results of Johansen cointegration show that variables ae cointegrated. The robustness of cointegration relationship is confirmed by applying Gregory-Hansen structural break cointegration. The empirical findings imply that financial development and technological innovation positively and significantly stimulate energy efficiency while trade openness and economic growth negatively and significantly impact on energy efficiency in long-run. The DAG results explain the evidence of causality from financial development, trade openness, technological innovation and economic growth to energy efficiency. The results of forecast error variance decomposition from SVAR model describe that technological innovation has greater impact on energy efficiency in short-term but its impact gradually decreases with the extension of forecast period. On contrary, the promotion effect of financial development and trade openness on energy efficiency increase gradually over time and become highest in long-run. This finding underlines the relevance of technological innovation and trade openness to policy makers in order to achieve energy efficiency in Pakistan.
The Earth's Surface Controls the Depth‐Dependent Seismic Radiation of Megathrust Earthquakes

Megathrust earthquakes exhibit a ubiquitous seismic radiation style: low‐frequency (LF) seismic energy is efficiently emitted from the shallowest portion of the fault, whereas high‐frequency (HF) seismic energy is efficiently emitted from the deepest part of the fault. Although this is observed in many case‐specific studies, we show that it is ubiquitous in global megathrust earthquakes between 1995 and 2021. Previous studies have interpreted this as an effect of systematic depth variation in either the plate interface frictional properties (Lay et al., 2012) or the P wavespeeds (Sallarès & Ranero, 2019). This work suggests an alternative hypothesis: the interaction between waves and ruptures due to the Earth's free surface is the leading mechanism that generates this behavior. Two‐dimensional dynamic rupture simulations of subduction zone earthquakes support this hypothesis. Our simulations show that the interaction between the seismic waves reflected at the Earth's free surface and the updip propagating rupture results in LF radiation at the source. In contrast, the downdip propagation of rupture is less affected by the free surface and is thus dominated by HF radiation typical of buried faults. To a second degree, the presence of a realistic Earth structure derived from P‐wave velocity (VP) tomographic images and realistic VP/VS ratio estimated in boreholes further enhances the contrast in source radiation. We conclude that the Earth's free surface is necessary to explain the observed megathrust earthquake radiation style, and the realistic structure of subduction zone is necessary to better predict earthquake ground motion and tsunami potential.
The prognostic nutritional index as a predictor of long-term outcome in patients with resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Background Preoperative nutritional and inflammation indexes have been shown to be associated with postoperative complications and the prognosis of patients with a malignant tumor. We evaluated several clinicopathological prognostic factors in patients with resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods Seventy-eight patients who underwent curative resection for ESCC were included in this retrospective study. The associations of body mass index (BMI), the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and protein-albumin ratio (CAR) with various clinicopathological factors were evaluated. Results In multivariate analyses, only low PNI (<46.8) independently and significantly predicted overall survival (OS) (P=0.002). Conclusions The PNI is a simple, useful marker for predicting the long-term prognosis of patients with ESCC after esophagectomy. The PNI should be included in the routine assessment of patients with ESCC.
Preliminary study on degree of conversion of uv curable maleinated acrylated epoxidised palm oil pressure sensitive adhesives synthesised with isobornyl methacrylate monomer via FTIR-ATR analysis

UV curable PSA of maleinated acrylated epoxidised palm oil (MAEPO) from palm oil via UV LED lamp has been introduced with the existence of Chivacure 300 as photoinitiator. By involving the isobornyl methacrylate (ISBMA) as a monomer in the PSA formulation, the degree of conversion recorded low percentage of conversion, which was below 50 % although the loading of photoinitiator has been raised to 5 parts per hundred (phr). The ISBMA has affected to the slow curing speed on the maleinated PSA and restricted the conversion of C=C to more than 50 % even though the curing time and photoinitiator loading has been increased up to 300 min and 5 phr. It is expected that the double bonds are still present in the synthesised of PSA which indicated that most molecules were bonded at one end of another in methacrylate group. In the present study, real-Time FTIR-ATR spectroscopy was used to follow the crosslinking process of the adhesive and the adhesive properties of the cured coatings.
Early detection of COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Baidu Index

Background: New coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a severe threat to human life, and causes a global pandemic. The purpose of current research is to explore the onset and progress of the pandemic with a novel perspective using Baidu Index.Methods: We collected the confirmed data of COVID-19 infection between January 11, 2020, and April 22, 2020, from the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). Based on known literature, we obtained the search index values of the most common symptoms of COVID-19, including fever, cough, fatigue, sputum production, and shortness of breath. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to analyze the association between the Baidu index values for each COVID-19-related symptoms and the number of confirmed cases. Regional differences among 34 provinces/ regions were also analyzed. Results: Daily growth of confirmed cases and Baidu index values for each symptoms presented a robust positive correlation during the outbreak (fever: rs=0.705, p=9.623×10-6; cough: rs=0.592, p=4.485×10-4; fatigue: rs=0.629, p=1.494×10-4; sputum production: rs=0.648, p=8.206×10-5; shortness of breath: rs=0.656, p=6.182×10-5). The average search-to-confirmed interval is 19.8 days in China (fever: 22 days, cough: 19 days, fatigue: 20 days, sputum production: 19 days, and shortness of breath: 19 days). We discovered similar results in the top 10 provinces/regions, which had the highest cumulative cases. Conclusion: Search terms of COVID-19- related symptoms on the Baidu search engine can be used to early warn the outbreak of the epidemic. Relevant departments need to pay more attention to areas with high search index and take precautionary measures to prevent these potentially infected persons from spreading further. Baidu search engine can reflect the public's attention to the pandemic and regional epidemics of viruses. Based on changes in the Baidu index value, we can predict the arrival of the peak confirmed cases. The clinical characteristics related to COVID-19- including fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, deserve more attention during the pandemic.
Application of Acidophilic Microorganism in the Metal Enrichment of Electroplating Sludge Use the Membrane Bioreactor

Background: Bioleaching is an important technology for treating electroplating sludge. Previous researches have focus on improving the leaching rate of metals in electroplating sludge by bioleaching. However, the concentration of heavy metals in the leachate after single leaching was lower, which is quite unfavorable for subsequent metal recovery. Additionally, membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have been widely used in the field of sewage treatment. Research on the application of bioleaching technology combined with MBRs to enrich metals in electroplating sludge has not been reported. Therefore, in this study, we first combined bioleaching technology and MBRs for metal enrichment in electroplating sludge to obtain the key technology of "acid production - electroplating sludge leaching - leachate regeneration -repeated electroplating sludge leaching - achievement of valuable metal enrichment". Results: In this research, through scaling up from the laboratory scale (shake flasks) to a factory-scale application (10 m³ membrane bioreactors), we mastered the key technology of acid production by acidophilic microorganism, and the acid solution can be repeatedly used for metal leaching. The results showed that the MBR maintained high-density cell growth (≈2.1×109/mL) and a stable sulfuric acid production rate (850 L/h) throughout the entire operational period. Under the above conditions, the maximum cycle number (10 times) for enrichment of the target metals in the electroplating sludge was obtained. Additionally, after the end of the cycle enrichment process, the concentrations of the target metals Ni+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ were 13.867 g/L, 18.118 g/L and 21.075 g/L, respectively, which were highly enriched.Conclusions: This study first solved the difficulties in the industrialization of bioleaching electroplating sludge through combining bioleaching technology and MBRs. Furthermore, this research can provide a demonstration project for the industrial application of MBR-bioleaching technology in electroplating sludge, with a view to applying this technology to the disposal of more types of hazardous waste.
Et kvalifisert utdanningsvalg for dagens ungdom: Resultater fra et innovasjons-samarbeid mellom en ungdomsskole, en videregående skole og en bedrift

The purpose of this article is to investigate how an innovative collaboration between one lower secondary school, upper secondary school and industrial company can contribute to a more informed educational choice (vocational vs. programme for specialisation in general studies) among today’s youths. Eight lower secondary school students, five upper secondary school students, one employee in the participating industrial company, one teacher from lower secondary school, one from upper secondary school together with the section leader for vocational education programme (upper secondary school) have been interviewed. Thematic analysis has been used to analyse the data. The theoretical perspectives undertaken are self-determination theory and social-cognitive theory. Findings highlight that the study’s innovative collaboration gives youths an essential insight into the future school- and work practices. During the collaboration, the youths learn about the competence needs for future work life, and gain knowledge about their own learning potentials. Practical experience, new ways of collaboration, work centred communication, engaging and challenging training situations, experience of meaning, together with responsibility taking for own and other’s learning contribute to a more qualified education choice. We find that the pupils in lower secondary school experienced this innovative collaborative practice to produce more autonomous than controlled motivation, and more positive outcomes in terms of both behavioural, cognitive and affective dimensions of learning, at school.
AG-CU BIMETALLIC NANOPARTICLESYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES

Ag-Cu BIMETALLIC NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES Ziye Xiong, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2017 Silver(Ag)-Copper(Cu) bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by chemical reduction with the assistance of a microwave reactor. Considering the difference in redox potential of Ag(I) and Cu(II), the effect of heating method was compared using ‘one-pot’ and ‘two-pot’ synthesis of Ag-Cu shell-core and Ag-Cu core-shell nanoparticles. One-pot synthesis naturally results in Ag-Cu core-shell nanoparticles since silver has the higher redox potential than copper. In the two-pot synthesis of Ag-Cu core-shell nanoparticles, the effect of the heating conditions was compared. At the highest reaction temperature (175◦C), the galvanic reaction by which silver reduction occurred through the oxidation copper metal, was suppressed and higher Cu/Ag phase ratios could be achieved. Nanoparticles properties were examined in the following areas: (i) nanoparticle solubil- ity and antibacterial effects, (ii) sintering behavior and electrical conductivity of nanoparticle films. Enhanced antibacterial effects were observed for mixtures of Ag and Cu nanoparticles against planktonic M.smegmatis silver resistant mutants as well as the wild type when compared to the antibacterial effects of pure Ag or Cu NPs alone. However, solubility tests in deionized water, showed that very low Ag ion concentrations resulted when copper was present either in bimetallic nanoparticles or in mixtures of Ag and Cu NPs. This was attributed to a galvanic effect that suppressed the oxidation of silver. The deposition of nanoparticles on surfaces was studied in terms of the ability of the deposited nanoparticles to inhibit the growth the biofilm. Printed silver nanoparticle dots deposited on microfilters exhibited significant antibacterial effect in inhibiting the growth of biofilm over the whole micro filter surface. Increasing the areal coverage of the dots or their size decreased the number and the size of bacterial colonies. Finally, the sintering behavior of Ag–Cu shell core nanoparticles proved superior to that of Cu nanoparticles and to mixture of silver and copper nanoparticles. This resulted in higher electrical conductivity in the nanoparticle films sintered at lower temperature. This is thought to be due to the higher fraction of Ag-Ag particle contacts.
Microarray data analysis, structure prediction and in silico docking of drugs for inhibiting the over expression of High Mobility Group A1 in human malignant neoplasias

The High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1) gene over expression has been widely observed in various types of cancers. The raw data for microarray data analysis was obtained from the dataset record GDS3525. The SOM and K-means of the Genesis led to the identification of two clusters (each consisting of 30 genes) bearing HMGA1 gene. This on further analysis resulted into identification of 14 similar genes by Easy M-A. The evolutionary similarity of HMGA1 and GORASP2 is clearly observed in the Phylogenetic Tree. Due to the absence of precise structures, the homology modeling was done by using EasyModeller and the resulting models of proteins HMGA1 and GORASP2 were validated by Ramachandran plot. These models were further put to loop optimization by Modloop and the output models were assessed by Ramachandran plot (Rampage) and through SAVS (Procheck). The molecular docking was done by using Autodock, this resulted in two ligands, DB11641 (Vinflunine) and DB12674 (Lurbinectedin), showing potential for the effective treatment of various types of cancers characterized by the over expression of HMGA1 and GORASP2.
Comparison of Different CNN Models in Tuberculosis Detecting

Tuberculosis is a chronic and delayed infection which is easily experienced by young people. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization (WHO), there are nearly ten million fell ill with tuberculosis and a total of 1.5 million people died from tuberculosis in 2018 (including 251000 people with HIV). Tuberculosis is the largest single infectious pathogen that leads to death. In order to help doctors with tuberculosis diagnosis, we compare the tuberculosis classification abilities of six popular convolutional neural network (CNN) models in the same data set to find the best model. Before training, we optimize three parts of CNN to achieve better results. We employ sigmoid function to replace the step function as the activation function. What’s more, we use binary cross entropy function as the cost function to replace traditional quadratic cost function. Finally, we choose stochastic gradient descent (SGD) as gradient descent algorithm. From the results of our experiments, we find that Densenet121 is most suitable for tuberculosis diagnosis and achieve a highest accuracy of 0.835. The optimization and expansion depend on the increase of data set and the improvements of Densenet121.
Meta-analysis of experimental warming on soil invertase and urease activities

ABSTRACT Soil enzymes are regulate terrestrial carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles, and how the activity of these enzymes are affected by soil warming duration is unclear. In the study, the effect of experimental soil warming duration (<2 years and >2 years) on invertase and urease activities were examined by meta-analysis. Soil warming increased invertase activity by 22% (<2 years) and 16% (>2 years), respectively, while they increased urease by 29% and 9%. Meta-analysis of soil warming experiments found that warming by less than 1.5°C increased invertase by 22%, while warming it by more than 1.5°C increased invertase by 29%; the corresponding increases in urease were 16% and 8%. These effects of experiment warming differed among ecosystem types, with warming-induced increases being greatest in forest ecosystem. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that invertase and urease become less responsive to warming over longer periods and invertase with greater warming-responsiveness than urease activity.
Determination of external mass transfer coefficients in dynamic sorption (DVS) measurements

ABSTRACT A sorption balance is an instrument used to measure vapor uptake in a sample at controlled temperature and relative humidity. It is most commonly used to determine equilibrium values (sorption isotherms), but is also used for kinetic measurements of transport coefficients. Such measurements can be affected by the external mass transfer resistance in the gas phase around the sample. This paper presents a method to determine the external mass transfer coefficient for a given flow geometry using a water saturated sample, including corrections for temperature changes from evaporative cooling, which is found to have considerable effect on the calculated constant.