Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding shoe-surface interactions in football.

One of the key aims of modern football shoe manufacturers is to find the balance between developing a shoe that improves performance but also minimises the risk of injury. Traction properties of the outsole play an important part in reaching this balance; high levels of traction are necessary to enable players to accelerate and change direction without slipping, but excessive traction can lead to stud fixation, a potential cause of injuries. The ability to accurately measure and assess the traction properties is essential in the design of outsoles, but appropriate test parameters need to be used in order for the assessment to relate back to the intended use. The purpose of the study was to develop a method to identify how the shoe interacts with the surface during realistic football movements and then to use observations from data collected to recommend appropriate test parameters. A high-speed camera system was developed to capture the motion of the shoe in both a laboratory and natural turf environment. The cameras were calibrated using the checkerboard approach and filmed at 1000 Hz. Five markers positioned on the side of the shoe were tracked using a semi-automated algorithm developed using image processing techniques. Transposition matrices were used to identify the location of individual studs on the outsole of the shoe enabling the orientation, velocity and acceleration of the shoe to be calculated. Two data collection studies took place; firstly a single-participant study in the laboratory using a force-plate to relate kinematic results to kinetic information and secondly, a larger scale data collection outside on natural turf. Three movements representing scenarios requiring high levels of traction in football were assessed; acceleration, change in direction and braking. A representative trial for each movement was selected and full post-processing analysis was carried out. Information such as the orientation of the shoe on foot-strike, translation directions and centre of rotations during the transition phase and the number of studs in contact with the surface during push-off was obtained for each movement. The period at which the player was at greatest risk of slipping was identified for each movement. The motion of the shoe during this period was used to suggest appropriate test conditions for mechanical and computational traction testing methods. The influence of the shoe-surface interaction on outsole design was also considered; with the observed translation directions and centre of rotations being used to suggest a design aiming to enhance translational traction, but minimise rotational resistance.
Beyond Continuity of Instruction-Innovating a Geomatics Course Using Problem-based Learning and Open-source Software

Geomatics, with an emphasis on developing students' competencies in Geographic Information Systems, is a technology-intensive course. During the Spring 2020 semester, The Citadel shifted to online continuity of instruction after midterms due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Geomatics instructor was faced with ensuring academic continuity and quality without remote student access to licensed GIS software. The instructor pivoted to use of QGIS, an open-source software, and a carefully-scaffolded project to equip students with essential GIS skills. Test 3 included two equally-weighted parts: (1) conceptual GIS questions and (2) a new open-ended project, which required students to use GIS to investigate a real-world scenario. Synchronous and asynchronous support was provided to afford students the flexibility needed to manage home commitments and technology challenges. Nevertheless, students' potential for increased (even unmanageable) cognitive load was high, due to the new modality, pedagogy and software. We investigated the impacts of the post-pandemic Geomatics course on students' cognitive load and academic performance through the lens of Cognitive Load Theory, which asserts that cognitive overload can hinder learning. Based on students' NASA Task Load Index scores, Test 3 workload was on par with their face-to-face engineering courses and lower than their online engineering courses. We expect that the cognitive load associated with the project and new software was manageable and not a barrier to learning. Performance on the project was substantially higher than on the closed-ended Test 3 questions, which supports that the project-based approach was integral to helping students achieve GIS competencies. Final exam performance was lower than in previous years, which may suggest that the mid-semester modality shift impacted their ability to fully synthesize material from the semester. Future course offerings will use the project to provide students with authentic engagement with GIS and real-world topics, while QGIS will remain an option for remote instruction. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2021
Fourth Industrial Revolution: Current Practices, Challenges, and Opportunities

The globalization and the competitiveness are forcing companies to rethink and to innovate their production processes following the so-called Industry 4.0 paradigm. It represents the integration of tools already used in the past (big data, cloud, robot, 3D printing, simulation, etc.) that are now connected into a global network by transmitting digital data. The implementation of this new paradigm represents a huge change for companies, which are faced with big investments. In order to benefit from the opportunities offered by the smart revolution, companies must have the prerequisites needed to withstand changes generated by “smart” system. In addition, new workers who face the world of work 4.0 must have new skills in automation, digitization, and information technology, without forgetting soft skills. This chapter aims to present the main good practices, challenges, and opportunities related to Industry 4.0 paradigm.
Region Diversification IgV AID-Dependent Pathway by DNA-PKcs Interaction in GANP Regulates the Choice of DNA Repair

RNA export factor germinal center–associated nuclear protein (GANP) interacts with activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and shepherds it from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and toward the IgV region loci in B cells. In this study, we demonstrate a role for GANP in the repair of AID-initiated DNA damage in chicken DT40 B cells to generate IgV region diversity by gene conversion and somatic hypermutation. GANP plays a positive role in IgV region diversiﬁcation of DT40 B cells in a nonhomologous end joining–proﬁcient state. DNA-PKcs physically interacts with GANP, and this interaction is dissociated by dsDNA breaks induced by a topoisomerase II inhibitor, etoposide, or AID overexpression. GANP affects the choice of DNA repair mechanism in B cells toward homologous recombination rather than nonhomologous end joining repair. Thus, GANP presumably plays a critical role in protection of the rearranged IgV loci by favoring homologous recombination of the DNA breaks under accelerated AID recruitment. The Journal of Immunology , 2014, 192: 000–000.
Screening and Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Reproductive Stage of Rice ( Oryza sativa ) Using Digital Differential Display Tools

Growth and development of any plant tissue due to variation in genes expression level related to each tissue, indicates the specific pattern of genes expression. The whole of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) of rice clustered in unigene sets in NCBI UniGene database that offer a platform for identifying differentially expressed genes in rice reproductive stage. This report illustrates a means to efficiency utilize this public database for gene expression (transcriptome) profiling reproductive stage. Using a data mining tool known as Digital Differential Display (DDD), comparisons were performed between 52 libraries of reproductive stage and 110 libraries of vegetative stage. DDD identified 812 specific unigene set in reproductive stage. Some of these genes encode for proteins such as prolamin, lipid transfer proteins, glutelin proteins and other unknown but novel gene sequences that’s coded expression proteins without reveal functional. Also, part of genes screened was related to housekeeping genes. This study proves that the use of in silico analysis of the rice UniGene database led to the acceleration in create transcriptional profiles of known and novel genes in developing reproductive stage.
This information is current as Specific and Bind to Multiple Virus Serotypes − Dengue Infection Are Virus Glycoprotein Plasmablasts Generated during Repeated

Dengue virus immune protection is specific to the serotype encountered and is thought to persist throughout one's lifetime. Many serotype cross-reactive memory B cells isolated from humans with previous dengue infection are specific for the nonstructural and the prM structural viral proteins, and they can enhance infection in vitro. However, plasmablasts circulating in enormous numbers during acute secondary infection have not been studied. In this study, we analyzed single plasmablasts from two patients by sorting the cells for Ig sequence analysis and for recombinant expression of Abs. In contrast to memory B cells, most plasmablast-derived Abs bound to the structural E protein of dengue, and protection experiments in mice revealed that virus serotypes encountered during past infections were neutralized more efficiently than were the serotypes of the current infection. Together with genetic analyses, we show evidence that plasmablasts in dengue patients are a polyclonal pool of activated E protein–specific memory B cells and that their specificity is not representative of the serum Abs secreted by long-lived plasma cells in the memory phase. These results contribute to the understanding of the phenomenon of original antigenic sin in dengue. T he symptoms of dengue disease are primarily immune mediated, with the most severe manifestations occurring only after patient viremia has decreased from its peak (1–3). Typical dengue symptoms include high fever, vascular leakage, rashes, headache, and bone and muscle pain. Dengue patients exhibit hallmarks of severe inflammation, including increased serum cyto-kine concentrations (4, 5), high numbers of activated T cells, B cells, enormous numbers of plasmablasts (PBs) (6–8), and high titers of circulating dengue-specific Abs. Sera from infected patients contain Abs against dengue virus (DENV) structural proteins (including prM, the E glycoprotein, and capsid protein), as well as against nonstructural proteins (primarily against NS1, which is secreted by infected cells) (9). DENV has four serotypes, and it is possible for a single individual to be infected four separate times by these alternative strains of virus. Intriguingly, successive rounds of infection are associated with increased disease severity, suggesting that pre-existing immunity can have a detrimental effect on the course of disease. Neutralizing Ab titers decline rapidly postinfection (10), and reactivation of specific memory B cells (MBCs) most likely contributes to protection after homologous infection. Moreover, cross-reactive MBCs might also be beneficial during heterologous infection, because they can lead to the production of large amounts of dengue-binding Abs, which, although not providing sterile protection …
Quantum Vacuum Gravitation and Cosmology The Electromagnetic Nature of Gravitation and Matter-Antimatter Antigravity

Without stating any assumptions or making postulates we show that, the electromagnetic quantum vacuum derives directly from Maxwell’s theory and plays a primary role in gravitation and cosmology. Photons are local oscillations of the vacuum field guided by a non-local vector potential wave function. They propagate at the speed imposed by the vacuum electric permittivity 0  and magnetic permeability 0  , which we demonstrate that they are intrinsic properties of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. The electron-positron elementary charge derive naturally from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. We establish the masse-charge equivalence relation showing that the masses of all particles (leptons, mesons, baryons) and antiparticles are manifestations of the elementary charges and their corresponding magnetic moments. Newton’s and Coulomb’s laws equivalence results naturally. In addition, we show that the gravitational constant G is a property of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum putting in evidence the electromagnetic nature of gravity. Furthermore, we draw that G is the same for matter and antimatter but gravitational forces should be repulsive between particles and antiparticles because their masses bear naturally opposite signs. The electromagnetic quantum vacuum appears to be the natural link between quantum electrodynamics (QED), gravitation and cosmology and may constitute the basic step towards a unified field theory. Dark Energy and Dark Matter might originate from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum fluctuations. The calculated electromagnetic vacuum energy density, related to the cosmological constant considered responsible for the cosmic acceleration, is in good agreement with the astrophysical observations. However, the cosmic acceleration may be due to both the quantum vacuum fluctuations as well as to the matter-antimatter gravitational repulsion. Finally, we advance the hypothesis that energy, matter and antimatter in the universe emerge spontaneously from the quantum vacuum fluctuations as residues that remain stable in space and we present the principles upon which a new cosmological model may be developed overcoming the well-known Big Bang issues.
Efficient Packet Flow Clasification in Network by Using Bayesian Prediction

: D istributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are a critical threat to the Internet. The defense scheme that supports automated online attack characterizations and accurate attack packet discarding based on statistical processing is proposed here. The key idea is to prioritize a packet based on a score which estimates its legitimacy given the attribute values it carries. Once the score of a packet is computed, this scheme performs score-based selective packet discarding where the dropping threshold is dynamically adjusted based on the score distribution of recent incoming packets and the current level of system overhead. Special considerations are made to ensure that the scheme is amenable to high-speed hardware implementation through scorebook generation and pipeline processing. A simulation study indicates that Packet Score is very effective in blocking several different attack types under many different conditions.
Retrospective Analysis of Trauma Patients in the Intensive Care Unit

Objective: About 5.8 million people die each year as a result of injuries. Since trauma is an important problem that increases mortality and morbidity, these patients are usually followed up in intensive care units. In this study, we aimed to investigate the demographic characteristics, the effectiveness of trauma scoring systems, mortality rates, and factors affecting mortality in patients with trauma who were followed up and treated in our Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: The files of the patients who were followed up and treated in the Anesthesiology and Reanimation ICUs of our hospital between January 2017 and August 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. In addition to demographic data such as age, sex, trauma region, comorbidities, duration of hospitalization, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), and Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Assessment II (APACHE II), surgical history, hospital and ICU length of stay, the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, ICU mortality, admission lactate, Procalcitonin (pct), ratio of neutrophil/lymphocyte values were recorded from the files of the patients. Results : A total of 115 had complete data available for the analysis. The median age of the patients was 57.0 (44.0) years and 58.3% of the patients were male. ICU length of stay 6.0 (10.0) days, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) duration 5.0 (12.0) days, mortality rate 23.5% was found. The mean GCS, RTS scores were lower and APACHE II scores, duration of IMV, admission lactate levels, pct, ICU length of stay were higher in the non-survivors group than survivors (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is important to know the characteristics of trauma patients who are among the main causes of death. We believe that knowing factors that negatively affect prognosis in patients with trauma may contribute positively to trauma management. High APACHE II, GCS, lactate levels, and low RTS increase mortality during admission to ICU for trauma patients. Physiology and Chronic Health Assessment IMV: Invasive Mechanical Ventilation.
04 467-476 Fahrner

Phyllidiopsis sinaiensis (Yonow, 1988), of which only one single preserved specimen had been known, was rediscovered in the northern Red Sea. The dorsal colour-pattern of living individuals is presented for the first time, and the anatomy of P. sinaiensis is described in detail. Major features of the holotype previously used to characterise the species are shown to be artifacts. Principal distinguishing characters of P. sinaiensis include the central tubercle ridge, large and multicompound, broad based, pink tubercles, bicoloured black and pink rhinophores, the very elongate muscular oesophageal segment, the distinct stomach and the extremely long, convoluted prostate that is bound together by connective tissue. In some specimens, the bases of the tubercles may fuse leading to a predominantely pink dorsum with only a few black lines. Phyllidiopsis sinaiensis appears to be among the most common nudibranchs in the Gulf of Aqaba. The fact that it has not been reported since its original collection in 1980 can be explained by being confused with the externally similar, well-known species Phyllidiella pustulosa (Cuvier, 1804). A review of the phyllidiid fauna of the Red Sea reveals eleven valid species that can all be identified with the key presented herein. With four out of eleven species, phyllidiid endemism (36%) is high in the Red Sea. This is in contrast to recent palaeobiological hypotheses of a post-glacial origin of the Red Sea coral reef fauna.
Matrix Metalloproteinase 11 is a Potential Biomarker in Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis

Purpose: Bladder cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death all over the world, and half of patients are diagnosed at advanced stages with poor therapeutic response. Thus, developing new biomarkers for bladder cancer diagnosis and prognosis is urgently needed. Materials and Methods: Bioinformatic and gene ontology (GO) analysis were employed to screen highly upregulated and secretory tumor markers in the TCGA BLCA cohort. IHC in tissue microarray and ELISA in cancer cell culture medium were used to validate the expression of putative biomarkers in bladder cancer. Bisulfite sequencing was used to detect DNA methylation status in the promoter of putative genes. Results: In this study, MMP11 is first identified as one of the most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in bladder cancer by meta-analysis in a TCGA bladder cancer cohort. The strong upregulation of MMP11 is confirmed at protein levels in both bladder cancer patients and cell lines. Mechanistic studies reveal that MMP11 promoter hypomethylation, but not genomic amplification or mutation, accounts for its enhanced expression in bladder cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, clinicopathological analysis indicates that MMP11 upregulation is associated with the tumor progression and poor survival in bladder cancer patients. Discussion: These findings suggest that MMP11, as a secretory protein, is a promising biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in bladder cancer.
579 REF1/Aly and the additional exon junction complex proteins are dispensable for nuclear mRNA

Germany he metazoan proteins UAP56, REF1, and NXF1 are thought to bind sequentially to mRNA to promote its export to the cytoplasm: UAP56 is thought to recruit REF1 to nascent mRNA; REF1 acts as an adaptor protein mediating the association of NXF1 with mRNA, whereas NXF1 translocates the mRNA across the nuclear pore complex. REF1 is a component of the exon–exon junction complex (EJC); thus, the EJC is thought to play a role in the export of spliced mRNA. NXF1 and UAP56 are essential for mRNA export. An essential role for metazoan REF1 or the additional EJC proteins in this process has not been established. Contrary to expectation, we show that REF1 T and the additional components of the EJC are dispensable for export of bulk mRNA in Drosophila cells. Only when REF1 and RNPS1 are codepleted, or when all EJC proteins are simultaneously depleted is a partial nuclear accumulation of polyadenylated RNAs observed. Because a signiﬁcant fraction of bulk mRNA is detected in the cytoplasm of cells depleted of all EJC proteins, we conclude that additional adaptor protein(s) mediate the interaction between NXF1 and cellular mRNAs in metazoa. Our results imply that the essential role of UAP56 in mRNA export is not restricted to the recruitment of
Enhanced Resistance to Botrytis cinerea Mediated by Transgenic Expression of the Spider Chitinase Gene AvChit in Arabidopsis

The AvChit gene encodes for a chitinase from the spider, Araneus ventricosus. This spider, A. ventricosus, is an abundant species in Korea. Arabidopsis thaliana plants were transformed with the AvChit gene using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Thirteen transgenic lines expressing the AvChit gene were obtained. Functional expression of the AvChit gene in transgenic Arabidopsis was confirmed by Southern, northern and western blot analysis. The AvChit cDNA was expressed as a 61 kDa polypeptide in baculovirus-infected insect Sf9 cells. AvChit protein extracted from transgenic Arabidopsis exhibited high levels of chitinase activity. Phy-topathological tests showed that two transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing the AvChit gene displayed high levels of resistance to gray mold disease (Botrytis cinerea).
PATHWISE FLUCTUATIONS OF LIKELIHOOD RATIOS AND CONSISTENT ORDER ESTIMATION BY ELISABETH GASSIAT

Consider an i.i. d. sequence of random variables whose distr ibution f lies in one of a nested family of models Mq , q ≥ 1. We obtain a sharp characterization of the pathwise fluctuations of the generalize d likelihood ratio statistic under entropy assumptions on the model classes Mq . Moreover, we develop a technique to obtain local entropy bounds from glob al entropy computations, so that these results can be applied in models wit h non-regular geometric structure. Finally, the results are applied to prov e strong consistency and to identify minimal penalties for penalized likelihoodrder estimators in the absence of prior upper bounds on the model order and the und rlying parameter set. Location mixture models, which possess a not oriously complicated geometric structure, are used as a case study througho ut the paper, and the requisite geometric analysis is of independent interes .