Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and Correlates Among Students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Exercise and physical activity have well known physical and mental benefits, especially during students' life . This study was conducted to evaluate physical activity among students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). We have randomly recruited students of TUMS in the 2017-2018 academic year to report their routine physical activity through filling out the Persian version of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire as well as demographic characteristics among 12 different schools. Accordingly, we classified the physical activity of participants into three groups (high, moderate, and low). From a total of 425 students, data from 417 were analyzed. The age range of students was from 18 to 48, with a mean (SD) of 25.8 (5.43) years. 53.5% and 46.5% of participants were male and female, respectively. Students were classified into 3 categories of high (41%), medium (38%), and low (21%) physical activity. In the present study, 87.3% and 12.7% of students were active and inactive, respectively. There was a significant difference in the overall activity level between genders and work-related activity between students of clinical and non-clinical settings. No significant differences were found between physical activity level and other demographic data. Our results showed that the majority of students had a physical activity of more than 600 MET-min/week. No significant relationship was found between physical activity and age, school, GPA, and BMI. Compared to the national activity report, students of TUMS were at the proper level of physical activity. However, further research is needed to confirm these results.
On Language Policy in Morocco: Towards a Prestige Planning Approach

The present paper addresses the issue of language policy and language planning in Morocco. In particular, it argues that that there is a lack of a clear language planning strategy that is based on a sound political, socio-economic, ideological and academic justification. This problem has resulted in an inconsistent education approach, creating an incompatibility between different levels of education (e.g. high schools vs. universities), social classes (e.g. low class vs. middle/high class) and professional environments (e.g. academia vs. job market). For this reason, we suggest that three elements need to be integrated into any language planning effort. These are Literacy Prestige, Economic Prestige and Academic/Scientific Prestige.
Gold Nanoisland Agglomeration upon the Substrate Assisted Chemical Etching Based on Thermal Annealing Process

In this study, we proposed the self-organization process and its localized surface plasmon resonance property (LSPR) to study the effect of chemically treated quartz glass substrates for gold nanoisland array formation. Firstly, we etched a quartz glass substrate using a sputter etching machine. Secondly, n-butanol was treated on the surface of the substrate. Then, we deposited a gold thin film on the substrate with assisted chemical etching. Finally, the self-organization method examined the thermal annealing of gold nanoisland arrays on a substrate. The results showed that the gold nanoisland that was aggregated on an etched quartz glass substrate was large and sparse, while the gold nanoisland aggregated on a chemically treated substrate was small and dense. Further, it was revealed that a substrate’s surface energy reduced chemical treating and increased the gold nanoisland contact angle on the substrate via the thermal annealing process. It was also confirmed that chemical treatment was useful to control the morphology of gold nanoisland arrays on a substrate, particularly when related to tuning their optical property.
Force Pattern and Acceleration Waveform Repeatability of Amateur Runners

Although accelerometers’ responses during running are not perfectly understood, they are widely used to study performance and the risk of injury. To outline the typical tibial acceleration pattern during running, this study aims to investigate the repeatability of acceleration signals with respect to the ground reaction force waveforms. Ten amateur runners were asked to perform ten trials along a straight line. One participant was asked to perform this protocol over ten sessions. Tibial accelerations and ground reaction forces were measured during the stance phase. The coefficient of multiple correlation R was computed to study the intra- and inter-test and subject repeatability of accelerometric and force waveforms. A good (R>0.8) intra- and inter-test repeatability was observed for all measured signals. Similar results were observed for intra-subject repeatability. A good inter-subject repeatability was observed only for the longitudinal acceleration and vertical and antero-posterior forces. Typical accelerometric signatures were outlined for each case studied.
Karakter Morfologi dan Identifikasi Molekuler dengan Menggunakan Marka Gen 12S rRNA pada Ikan Baronang (Siganus spp.) di Perairan Laut Selatan Pulau Lombok

This study aims to obtain the certainty of the number of species of baronang fish (Siganus spp.) Siganidae family in the waters of the south sea of Lombok Island. This study used a sample of 90 fish from the fishermen's catch. Sampling used a random method three times. Observation of morphological characters used 90 and nine fishes for molecular characters-12S rRNA genes. The study used a descriptive technique for data analysis. The results showed that the fish is only one species and suspected consists of 3 variants. Three variants of fish have the same 12S rRNA genes with a fragment size of approximately 1000 bp. The morphological classification of the three groups of fish does not indicate the number of species, but no more as genetic variants.
A new species of succulent plants from the Muko-jima group of the Bonin Islands, Japan: Sedum mukojimense (Crassulaceae)

A taxonomic re-examination of Sedum boninense, which is endemic to the Muko-jima and Chichi-jima groups of the Bonin Islands, Japan, was carried out. Morphological and physiological comparisons revealed differences between plants from the Muko-jima and Chichi-jima groups in the shape and size of leaves and underground bulb scale leaves, plant habit, habitat and flowering season. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using the ITS region revealed that the plants from respective island groups formed sister clades. Therefore, the plant from Muko-jima group is described as a new species of S. mukojimense.
Temporal changes in the diet composition of the Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) in Hungary

Abstract The diet composition of breeding Eastern Imperial Eagles (Aquila heliaca) was analysed in Hungary between 2005 and 2017, and compared with two previously published datasets from the periods of 1982–1991 and 1992–2004. Altogether the distribution of 8543 prey items of 126 different species and 29 other taxa were analysed within a 36-years period. We found that the previously abundant Common Hamster (Cricetus cricetus) became marginal (7.42%), while European Sousliks (Spermophilus citellus) practically disappeared (0.03%) from the diet of Imperial Eagles. Small game species, like the Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and the Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus) composed a remarkable part of the diet (11.22% and 28.11% respectively), which raised some conflicts with hunters regionally and probably also contributed to the high prevalence of persecution incidents against the eagles. In parallel with the loss of traditional prey species, corvids (13.10%), pigeons (8.90%), waterbirds (6.83%), other rodents (6.71%), Roe Deers (Capreolus capreolus) (5.59%), raptors and owls (4.88%) became regularly detected prey species. The temporal changes of the main prey categories were analysed between 1998 and 2017, when the ratio of Hamster and Pheasant showed significant decrease (-27.29% and -6.38%, respectively). The ratio of Brown Hare also showed slight decrease (-3.98%), but the change was not significant. On the other hand, the ratio of corvids, waterbirds and Roe Deers within the diet showed significant increase (+18.20%, +6.25% and +5.39%, respectively). The observed flexibility in the foraging behaviour of Imperial Eagles greatly facilitate conservation efforts, as they seems to be able to utilize the most abundant prey sources, i.e. they were not depending solely from the status of any single specific prey source. However, eagles could only shift and survive in those regions, where their traditional preys decreased, if alternative species were available for them.
Prudent Financial Management Practices among Malaysian Youth: The Moderating Roles of Financial Education

The study aims to investigate the roles of financial education (FE) as a moderator to financial attitude (FA), parental financial socialisation (PFS), and financial literacy (FL) to ensure the success of prudent financial management practices (PFMP) among Malaysian youth. The study was designed quantitatively and employed self-administered questionnaires, which were adopted from previous studies and distributed to 480 youths in Malaysia. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test hypotheses of the study. The results showed FA, PFS and FL have significant and positive relationship with PFMP. However, as regards moderating interaction of FE, results showed that FE does not significantly moderate the relationship between FA, PFS and FL with PFMP. The results further highlighted serious concerns on the effectiveness of FE towards improving youth capability in managing their financial affairs prudently. This proved that mandated FE prior to graduation has less effect and does not lead to behavior changes among Malaysian youth. It shows the challenges faced by the country stakeholders to strengthen FE, enhance the effectiveness and encompass the right FE elements to ensure today’s young Malaysians are able to apply what they learned in the classroom to their real life.
On classes of finite rings

The concept of formation appeared first in the 1960s in connection with finite solvable groups [1]. Further research showed that formations are of general algebraic nature and can be applied to the study of not necessarily solvable finite and infinite groups, Lie algebras, universal algebras and even of a general algebraic system [2].
Measuring Actions for Nature—Development and Validation of a Pro-Nature Conservation Behaviour Scale

Scientists have classed the ongoing decline in biodiversity—caused by humans—as a mass extinction. To mitigate the consequences of this extinction, immediate action is of the utmost importance. However, effective ways of promoting pro-nature conservation behaviours to preserve and enhance biodiversity require better understanding and measurement. Thus, a reliable and valid measurement tool is needed. While there are measurement tools for general pro-environmental behaviours, as of yet, no measure of behaviours that specifically promote biodiversity exists. Here, we present such a tool: the Pro-Nature Conservation Behaviour Scale (ProCoBS), a psychometrically validated questionnaire scale measuring active behaviours that specifically support the conservation of biodiversity. An item pool developed through consultation with wildlife and biodiversity experts was subjected to psychometric scale development analyses. Data from 300 participants were used to develop the 18-item ProCoBS long form, as well as an 8-item short form. A latent variable model with four factors (Individual Engagement, Social Engagement, Planting, and Wildlife) was identified. In a second study, a subset of 250 of the original participants answered the questionnaire again, in addition to related psychological constructs. The data were used to assess test–retest reliability and construct validity. Results showed that the scale and its short form were reliable (full scale: α = 0.893, short form: α = 0.825) and valid. In a third study, a representative sample of 1298 adults in the UK completed the short form. Confirmatory Factor Analysis demonstrated a good fit for all factors, indicating that the ProCoBS is a psychometrically robust measure. The ProCoBS provides the definitive, much needed tool for measuring conservation behaviours. This will enhance research and impact practical work in the conservation domain for a sustainable future. A cross-cultural examination of the scale is still needed.
Neonatal small bowel perforation in ileal atresia in a low resource setting: A case report

Jejunoileal atresia is a common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction with high mortality and morbidity in a low resource setting where surgical care is lacking. Herein, a 4‐day‐old presented with features of acute abdomen and septicemia, managed with ileostomy diversion, and recovered uneventfully.
Raising aspirations using elements of team-based learning in mathematics: a pilot study

In this article, we report on a pilot study to investigate the use of aspects of team-based learning (TBL) in mathematics to raise the aspirations of young people from disadvantaged areas. The study involved employing elements of TBL to deliver a mathematics revision course to students who were compulsorily resitting GCSE mathematics in schools and colleges. Students were surveyed before and after the programme and there is evidence that the approach made a positive difference towards students' attitudes to studying at University. There is also some evidence to suggest that the approach can help students to overcome issues related to mathematics anxiety and to feel more confident in their own mathematical ability.
An edge streaming data processing framework for autonomous driving

In recent years, with the rapid development of sensing technology and the Internet of Things (IoT), sensors play increasingly important roles in traffic control, medical monitoring, industrial production and etc. They generated high volume of data in a streaming way that often need to be processed in real time. Therefore, streaming data computing technology plays an indispensable role in the real-time processing of sensor data in high throughput but low latency. However, there are two problems in deploying streaming data process ability in cloud computing data centre. Firstly, massive sensor nodes simultaneously upload data to the remote cloud computing data centre, which requires a large number of bandwidth resources supports. The existing network infrastructure cannot provide enough bandwidth at a reasonable price. Secondly, due to the geographical distribution characteristics of the cloud computing data centre, there will inevitably be large transmission delay during the process of data transmission. Such end-to-end delay is intolerable to mobile applications especially for those latency sensitive tasks. In view of the above problems, this paper proposes an autonomous driving oriented edge streaming data processing framework, which migrates the computing and storage capability from the remote cloud data centre to the edge data centre. It focuses on the change of vehicle flow in a specific geographical area, and uses the computing power sunk to edge node to process the massive streaming data generated by autonomous vehicles nearby. The proposed framework is implemented on top of Spark Streaming, which builds up a gray model based traffic flow monitor, a traffic prediction orientated prediction layer and a fuzzy control based Batch Interval dynamic adjustment layer for Spark Streaming. It could forecast the variation of sensors data arrive rate, make streaming Batch Interval adjustment in advance and implement real-time streaming process by edge. Therefore, it can realise the monitor and prediction of the data flow changes of the autonomous driving vehicle sensor data in geographical coverage of edge computing node area, meanwhile minimise the end-to-end latency but satisfy the application throughput requirements. The experiments show that it can predict short-term traffic with no more than 4% relative error in a whole day. By making batch consuming rate close to data generating rate, it can maintain system stability well even when arrival data rate changes rapidly. The Batch Interval can be converged to a suitable value in two minutes when data arrival rate is doubled. Compared with vanilla version Spark Streaming, where there has serious task accumulation and introduces large delay, it can reduce 35% latency by squeezing Batch Interval when data arrival rate is low; it also can significantly improve system throughput by only at most 25% Batch Interval increase when data arrival rate is high.
RETRACTED: A novel optimization approach for partitioning-based place and route in 3D integrated circuits

The 3D integrated circuits are enlarging the technology with lots of potentials which establish vertical interconnection between different dies or layers. In 3D-integrated circuit fabrication, congestion, and wirelength minimization are challenging processes. To overcome these problems, we proposed a novel optimization approach for useful partitioning, placement, and routing. Our proposed work consists of four significant stages, including partitioning, placement, routing, and fault diagnosis in through silicon via and spare through silicon via allocation. Firstly, the QuadTree partitioning method executed by the partitioning process. QuadTree method partitions the layer into four subdivisions and remains until it finds no space for partitioning. AND logic is proposed to overcome the congestion problem during placement. In the second stage, the functioning of the hybrid particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing algorithm proposed by the placement process. Particle swarm optimization computes fitness function for six constraints, specifically wirelength, area, power, cross talk, temperature, and delay. The simulated annealing places circuits in the specified area with the computed fitness function. In every 45°, Kruskal’s based octi-linear Steiner tree algorithm that establishes routes performs the routing by the third stage. In the last stage, fault detection in through silicon via and spare through silicon via allocation processes are executed using the support vector machine algorithm and dedicated switch. Support vector machine classifies the TSV into two, which includes regular and redundant through silicon via. The spare through silicon via allocation performed by using a dedicated switch. Finally, the proposed work evaluated based on metrics such as wire length, area, temperature, delay, and run time.
Ferrocement Panels Under Impact Loading By Incorporating Basalt Fibers

Technology is growing rapidly day by day. In construction industry also, there are some techniques which helps to reduce the in-situ construction, Ferrocement is one of them. As thickness of ferrocement panels is relatively low, it easily tends to cracking failure. So, to reduce the chances of failure, use of fiber can be the better option. In this research, ferrocement panels with and without use of fiber are compared. In this research, Basalt fibers are used as a reinforcing material with wire mesh for ferrocement slabs. The main target of this study is comparative study of the behavior of plane Ferrocement panel and ferrocement panels with basalt fibres tested under low velocity impact with different drop heights as 0.5m and 1m. Panels used of size are 500mm×500mm with 15×15mm opening and varying thickness of 15mm, 20mm and 25mm with varying layers of mesh from 2 to 5. Comparison of ferrocement panels and basalt fibre reinforced ferrocement panels is studied out. Volume of basalt fibers was used as 0.5% of total volume of panel
AN OVERVIEW OF CLASSIFICATION METHODS FROM DERMOSCOPY IMAGES IN SKIN LESION DIAGNOSTIC

The article contains a review of selected classification methods of dermatoscopic images with human skin lesions, taking into account various stages of dermatological disease. The described algorithms are widely used in the diagnosis of skin lesions, such as artificial neural networks (CNN, DCNN), random forests, SVM, kNN classifier, AdaBoost MC and their modifications. The effectiveness, specificity and accuracy of classifications based on the same data sets were also compared and analyzed.
Financial leverage in manufacturing industry in Czech Republic

The paper is focused on the problem of ffinancial leverage that assumes a high risk of possible incremental losses as well as it is a means to achieve higher profits dictating the urgency of the problem and the need to find the solution. The company’s performance is influenced by several factors that need to be taken into account and evaluated according to the ratio of assets (the way to obtain the return on assets). These factors include risks, return on equity and financial stability. Determining the appropriate amount of financial leverage is quite difficult. It depends not only on the time interval and level of preparation for risk, but also on the size of equity and the degree of success of recent transactions. Financial leverage can have a huge impact, because it creates both the risk of increased potential losses and the possibility of gaining a higher profit. There has been presented the answer to a scientific question, whether the foreign capital was efficiently used in the manufacturing industry in 2012-2018. There have been illustrated the data from financial statements from the manufacturing industry in the Czech Republic during the period from 2012 to 2018. The data were processed in Excel. Mean values of ROE, ROA and ROCE indicators are calculated for individual years. There have been calculated the values of indebtedness of every year; they are compared with the average profit in separate years. The proportion of foreign resources and overall assets has been analysed, the indebtedness was calculated and the inventory of using the foreign capital in 2012-2018 was made. It was found out that comparing to 2012, the indebtedness has grown, which supposes a considerable growth in the coming years. The indebtedness has been found not necessary to exceed 1. Alternatively, it is recommended to maintain the average value of the foreign capital on the same or slightly lower level in order to check the average indebtedness at 0.5, because this value illustrates comparatively positive results of average profit values.
Attitudes towards English Literature: The Case of EFL Students at Three Saudi Colleges

The primary aim of the study was to investigate the attitudes held by Saudi EFL students and the difficulties they have in studying English literature. Another aim was to explore gender differences in attitudes towards English literature. The relationships between (1) general motivational orientations to learn English and attitudes towards English literature, and (2) general motivational orientations to learn English and attitudes towards English literature, and performance in literary courses were also explored. A cohort of 180 Eighth level majors at three Saudi colleges completed a researcher-developed 28-item questionnaire probing their general motivational orientations to learn English and attitudes towards English literature in terms of emotions associating studying English literature, cultural and religious sensitivities about studying English literature and the importance of studying English literature. Participants were found to hold positive attitudes towards English literature. They reported no cultural or religious sensitivities about studying English literature in their context. The difficulties they reported facing when studying English literature included difficult vocabulary and literary terms, difficult content and long pieces of literature, lack of language proficiency, and having to exert great effort. No gender differences were found in attitudes. Intrinsic motivation was found to be a significant predictor of positive attitudes towards English literature. Finally, a significant positive relationship was found between general motivational orientations to learn English and attitudes towards English literature, and performance in literary courses. Instructional implications and suggestions for further research are provided.