Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energetic costs and benefits of cyclic habitat switching: a bioenergetics model analysis of diel vertical migration in coregonids

Recent studies on diel vertical migration (DVM) of two coregonid species (Coregonus spp.) in Lake Stechlin (Germany) have suggested that the nocturnal distribution of fish is linked with metabolic benefits. We used a spatially explicit bioenergetics-based foraging model to test whether energetic constraints contribute to explain DVM of both species. The newly parameterized model was compared with independent data from Lake Stechlin that covered a 9 month period. Predicted growth rates matched observed growth rates of each fish species reasonably well. The simulation of different migration scenarios showed that even slight changes in night-time depths modified growth rates, primarily owing to temperature-dependent respiration. Fish that performed DVM grew faster than nonmigratory fish that occupied deep hypolimnetic water over a diel cycle. However, the most energy-efficient strategy simulated had fish remaining within the metalimnion. Here, energetic benefits (foraging) clearly outweighed higher energetic.
Biotechnology and Bioengineering

Funding information Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems, Grant/Award Number: CBET 1151148; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Grant/Award Number: LA 13‐EPSCoR‐0027 Abstract We report the development of a versatile system based on the oscillating‐flow methodology in a thermal gradient system for nucleic acid analysis. Analysis of DNA and RNA samples were performed in the device, without additional temperature control and complexity. The technique reported in this study eliminates the need for predetermined fluidic channels for thermocycles, and complexity involved with additional incubation steps required for RNA amplification. A microfluidic device was fabricated using rapid prototyping by simply sandwiching dual side adhesive Kapton tape and a polydimethylsiloxane spacer between glass microscope slides. Amplification of the 181‐bp segment of a viral phage DNA (ΦX174) and B2M gene in human RNA samples was demonstrated using the system. The developed system enables simultaneous acquisition of amplification and melt curves, eliminating the need for postprocessing. A direct comparison between the oscillating‐flow system and a commercial real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) instrument showed complete agreement in PCR data and improved sample‐to‐result time by eliminating an additional 30 min melt curve step required in commercial PCR systems.
Estimation of annual runoff by exploiting long-term spatial patterns and short records within a geostatistical framework

Abstract. In this article, we present a Bayesian geostatistical framework that is particularly suitable for interpolation of hydrological data when the available dataset is sparse and includes both long and short records of runoff. A key feature of the proposed framework is that several years of runoff are modelled simultaneously with two spatial fields: one that is common for all years under study that represents the runoff generation due to long-term (climatic) conditions and one that is year-specific. The climatic spatial field captures how short records of runoff from partially gauged catchments vary relative to longer time series from other catchments, and transfers this information across years. To make the Bayesian model computationally feasible and fast, we use integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLAs) and the stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) approach to spatial modelling. The geostatistical framework is demonstrated by filling in missing values of annual runoff and by predicting mean annual runoff for around 200 catchments in Norway. The predictive performance is compared to top-kriging (interpolation method) and simple linear regression (record augmentation method). The results show that if the runoff is driven by processes that are repeated over time (e.g. orographic precipitation patterns), the value of including short records in the suggested model is large. For partially gauged catchments the suggested framework performs better than comparable methods, and one annual observation from the target catchment can lead to a 50 % reduction in root mean squared error (RMSE) compared to when no observations are available from the target catchment. We also find that short records safely can be included in the framework regardless of the spatial characteristics of the underlying climate, and down to record lengths of 1 year.
Economic Valuation of Ecosystem Conservation Using Dichotomous Choice Approach (Case Study: Khabar National Park)

The development of economic valuation techniques and their potential applications to environmental assessment have important role in environmental economics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the conservation value of the Khabr National Park in Iran and people's willingness to pay for preserving it. This park is one of the most important environmental resources of the country in terms of its flora and fauna in Iran. A contingent valuation method with a dichotomous choice questionnaire based on a logit model was applied to determine the conservation value and people's willingness to pay for preserving the park. The required data was collected through completed questionnaires. Results indicated that the influence of the variables of bid, monthly income, gender, job and education level on households’ willingness to pay are statistically significant. Therefore, an increase in income, education level, and people's expertise increases their willingness to pay, and an increase in bid decreases their willingness to pay. The Iranian households' average monthly willingness to pay for this park's conservation value was estimated at 4,328.6 Rials. The results of the study indicated that the use of the public capacities to protect the natural resources and the environment is a step in financing and participation of people for better protection of the environment.
Extracellular ATP is Involved in the Salicylic Acid-Induced Cell Death in Suspension-Cultured Tobacco Cells

Abstract Extracellular ATP (eATP) can function as a signaling molecule to regulate a wide range of cellular processes. We investigated the regulatory role of eATP in the cell death induced by salicylic acid (SA) in suspension-cultured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cells. Treatment of tobacco suspension cells with SA induced cell death. The same treatment lowered the levels of eATP, accompanied by a decrease of both the respiratory O2 uptake and intracellular ATP levels in tobacco suspension cells. Treatment with β,γ-methyleneadenosine 5’-triphosphate (AMP-PCP), which is the non-hydrolysable analogue of ATP and can exclude eATP from binding sites of eATP receptors, also induced cell death in tobacco cell cultures. Treatment with exogenous ATP partially alleviated the cell death induced by SA. These observations suggest that eATP is involved in the SA-induced cell death in tobacco cell cultures.
Neural Network Control of Teleoperation Systems with Delay and Uncertainties based on Multilayer Perceptron Estimations

This paper investigates a novel synchronisation strategy for controlling Internet-based teleoperation systems. These kinds of systems considerably suffer from network-induced latencies. Random time-varying delays resulted by the Internet deteriorate the stability and performance of teleoperation processes. Moreover, uncertain dynamic elements, including human operators and partially known remote environments introduce further difficulties to the control design of such systems. Utilising the learning capabilities of artificial neural networks, this paper develops an adaptive algorithm to deal with time-delays and uncertainties negatively affecting an Internet-based teleoperation process. The stable convergence of the proposed control algorithm is proved by Lyapunov-Krasovskii stability criteria. Moreover, the robust performance of the controller is also verified via experimental evaluations.
Estimating the Aboveground Biomass of an Evergreen Broadleaf Forest in Xuan Lien Nature Reserve, Thanh Hoa, Vietnam, Using SPOT-6 Data and the Random Forest Algorithm

Forest biomass is an important ecological indicator for the sustainable management of forests. The aim of this study was to estimate forest aboveground biomass (AGB) by integrating SPOT-6 data with field-based measurements using the random forest (RF) algorithm. In total, 52 remote sensing variables, including spectral bands, vegetation indices, topography data, and textures, were extracted from SPOT-6 images to predict the forest AGB of Xuan Lien Nature Reserve, Vietnam. To determine the optimal predictor variables for AGB estimation, 10 different RF models were built. To evaluate these models, 10-fold cross-validation was applied. We found that a combination of spectral and vegetation indices and topography variables offer the highest prediction results ( = 0.74 and RMSE = 61.24 Mg ha−1). Adding texture features into the predictor variables did not improve the model performance. In addition, the SPOT-6 sensor has the potential to predict forest AGB using the RF algorithm.
Effect of non-normality and inadmissible estimates on estimation of heritability

Heritability is one of the most important genetic parameter widely used in plant and animal breeding genetic improvement studies. In literature, several methodologies are available for estimation of heritability for different experimental situations. Unfortunately none of these provide always a valid estimate of heritability and the estimate is so inadmissible that no conclusions can be drawn for the inheritance of the trait under consideration. Further in particularly, there is no unique methodology, which is suitable for estimation of heritability in unbalanced situations. Keeping this in view , need has been felt that with the help of computer, the sensitivity and robustness of the very widely used genetic parameter, heritability might be studied at length. The sensitivity here refers to that how the estimate of heritability is dependend upon the aberrant or outliers. The paper contains some of the results as obtained by Bhatia et al (2003).
Interlayer energy of pyrophyllite: Implications for macroscopic friction

Abstract Deformation of phyllosilicate can control the dynamics of the Earth’s crust. The phenomenological relationship between stress and deformation is known for some typical phyllosilicates; however, the underlying physics originating from the crystal structures is poorly understood. In this study, the deformation mechanism of pyrophyllite along basal planes was revealed through density functional theory calculations and atomic-scale theory of friction. The stable and metastable interlayer structures formed by interlayer slide were consistent with the experimental results reported previously by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The difference in potential energies between stable and metastable interlayer structures can be interpreted as the diference in the stacking of dioctahedral sheets between the adjacent layers. The estimated friction coefficient of the pyrophyllite between adjacent layers was consistent with the results of atomic force microscopy, suggesting that atomic-scale friction can be adequately estimated by this method. The calculated shear stress in our simulations has a linear relationship with the normal stress and has no significant crystallographic dependence on sliding direction along the basal planes. The crystallographic isotropy of interlayer friction is explained by the absence of interlayer cations in pyrophyllite, while muscovite showed crystallographic anisotropy as observed in previous studies. The macroscopic friction of a single crystal of pyrophyllite was estimated from atomic-scale friction by using the area of contact. The macroscopic friction coefficient of ideal interlayer sliding was estimated to be 0.134, which was smaller than a reported value (0.276) in shear experiments conducted for wet polycrystalline gouge layers. This diference can be primarily explained by the degree of orientation of pyrophyllite particles in the gouge layers. The friction coeficient estimated by a simple model of randomly oriented pyrophyllite gouge layer was 0.203 ± 0.001, which was similar to the reported value of 0.276 and clearly smaller than the values (0.6–0.85) of common minerals estimated by the empirical Byerlee’s law. These results indicate that weak interlayer friction of phyllosilicates has a large effect on the low frictional strength of gouge layers in natural faults. Our methodology and results are useful for understanding the physics behind the phenomenological friction laws of phyllosilicate gouge.
Genetic variability within Fusarium solani as revealed by PCR- fingerprinting based on ISSR markers

ABSTRACT: DNA based molecular marker, Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSRs) were used for the studyof DNA polymorphism in Fusarium solani associated with shisham wilt as no information is available onvariability in F. solani isolates from disease affected plants. Isolation and analysis of genetic diversity weredone among 22 isolates of F. solani collected from wilted tissues using molecular marker technology. A totalof 10, out of 25 ISSR primers were selected. Amplification of genomic DNA of 22 isolates, using ISSR primers,yielded 98 fragments that could be scored, of which 96 were polymorphic, with an average of 9.6 polymorphicfragments per primer. Number of amplified fragments ranged from 7 (LC-51) to thirteen (LC-65) and variedin size from 325 bp to 3000 bp. Percentage polymorphism ranged from 90 % (LC-64) to a maximum of 100%(with all eight except LC-59 and 64 ), with an average of 97.96%. The cophenetic correlation between twomatrices gave r = 0.9804, showing very good fit correlation for a cluster analysis. The similarity coefficientranged from 0.20 to 0.97. Based on DNA fingerprints 22 isolates were categorized into four clusters. IsolateFs-4 and Fs-5 showed highest degree of similarity (97%) with each other.Key words:
Graph-ResNets for short-term traffic forecasts in almost unknown cities

The 2019 IARAI traﬃc4cast competition is a traﬃc forecasting problem based on traﬃc data from three cities that are encoded as images. We developed a ResNet-inspired graph convolutional neural network (GCN) approach that uses street network-based subgraphs of the image lattice graphs as a prior. We train the Graph-ResNet together with GCN and convolutional neural network (CNN) benchmark models on Moscow traﬃc data and use them to ﬁrst predict the traﬃc in Moscow and then to predict the traﬃc in Berlin and Istanbul. The results suggest that the graph-based models have superior generalization properties than CNN-based models for this application. We argue that in contrast to purely image-based approaches, formulating the prediction problem on a graph allows the neural network to learn properties given by the underlying street network. This facilitates the transfer of a learned network to predict the traﬃc status at unknown locations.
Mapping putative regulatory regions using Histone H3 Lysine 4 monomethylation marks in breast cancer cell lines.

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. In cancer, tumour cells accumulate changes over time that allow them to replicate inde nitely. These changes can be mutations to DNA and also epigenetic modi cations. This study looks at a histone modi cation, H3K4me1, in multiple breast cancer cell lines. It has been found that the regions between anking H3K4me1 peaks, referred to as valleys , are enriched for bound transcription factors. Multiple cell lines were used to form functional groups (luminal vs. basal cell lines and tumourigenic vs. a non-tumourigenic match control) in which to look for concordance of valleys. In addition, overexpressed genes in a functional group, as determined by RNA-seq, were correlated with associated uniquely marked valleys. A motif analysis was done on the valley sequences using MEME and STAMP to yield putative transcription factor binding sites. This analysis yielded some known and putative tumour suppressors and oncogenic factors.
Adaptive OFDM-IM for Enhancing Physical Layer Security and Spectral Efficiency of Future Wireless Networks

In this paper, we propose algorithms for enhancing physical layer security and spectral efficiency of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with Index Modulation (IM) systems. Particularly, different activation ratios and/or Constellation Modulation orders are selected adaptively for each subblock based on the channel quality of the legitimate receiver. More specifically, three approaches named as (1) OFDM with Adaptive Index Modulation and Fixed Constellation Modulation (OFDM-AIM-FCM), (2) OFDM with Adaptive Index Modulation and Adaptive Constellation Modulation (OFDM-AIM-ACM), and (3) OFDM with Variable Index Modulation and Variable Constellation Modulation (OFDM-VIM-VCM) are proposed for enhancing physical layer security and spectral efficiency. Simulation results are presented to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
A double‐blind comparison of 0·1% dithranol and 17% urea (Psoradrate cream) and 0·25%‐dithranol in vanishing cream (Dithrocream) in the treatment of psoriasis

SIR, We read with interest the report of the clinical trial comparing Psoradrate 0 1 % with Dithrocream o 25% (Peachey & Burton, 1982). One is bound to enquire why the investigators apparently chose not to assess the relative merits of the Psoradrate and Dithrocream formulations by comparing like with like using the same concentrations of each product which have been available since early 1979, i.e. Psoradrate 0 1 % with Dithrocream 0 1 % . It is widely recognized that the optimum concentration of dithranol that should be used in any formulation should be that which falls just short of causing irritation. To use a higher concentration than may otherwise be indicated is to invite, unnecessarily, the prospect of some irritation in a small proportion of patients—without any conpensating therapeutic benefit. Furthermore, it is generally accepted that, initially, dithranol should not be used in a concentration greater than 0 1 % , nor applied more than once daily (Martindale, 1977)For this reason, we explicitly recommend to practitioners that initial assessment of patient responsiveness be made using the 0 1 % concentration of Dithrocream. The high proportion of 0 1 % prescriptions for both Dithrocream and Psoradrate (British Pharamceutical Index, 1982) confirms the adequacy of this concentration for the majority of patients routinely treated with these preparations. Furthermore, Dithrocream is normally applied once daily, usually at night, whereas Psoradrate is recommended to be applied twice daily. Using both Dithrocream and Psoradrate twice daily is only in accordance with the recommendations of Psoradrate, and this, of course, could in itself be responsible for differences in patient acceptability.
Hourly Global Solar Radiation Reconstruction Applying Machine Learning

Solar radiation significantly affected the cooling requirements of air-conditioned buildings during the summer period, attention is also paid to it in order to optimize the management of indoor lighting as it is a natural lighting source. However, the solar radiation is measured by a few weather stations in a few locations. The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the hourly solar global radiation trend on a year in some cities of the Northern and Southern Italy, starting from typical recorded meteorological data: temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, etc. For this task a supervised machine learning algorithm has been used to build a model. The reached results show that the solar radiation hourly values can be extrapolated from other weather data in a reliable way, in fact an f-measure ranging from 0.950 an 1 is obtained for the several Italian cities involved in the experiment.
Changes in plant abundance on a coastal beach following two major storm surges1

Abstract Coastal beaches often harbor a relatively small number of specialized herbaceous species that are locally abundant, providing stabilization of sediments regularly subjected to wind and sand movement. However, rare storm events can cause water surges that completely wash over the beach and cause a major disturbance to the plant community. This study examines frequencies and densities of key herbaceous species on Miller Field Beach, Staten Island, New York, before and after major storm surges caused by Hurricane Irene (August 2011) and Superstorm Sandy (October 2012). Changes in vegetation were documented by surveys of the same 45–75-m section of beach, using quadrats (33 cm diameter) placed at 3-m intervals along transects, in mid-September of 2007, 2009, 2011 (2 wk after Irene), 2012 (1 mo before Sandy), and 2013. Native annual species, including Cenchrus tribuloides L. (dune sandbur), Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britton & Rusby (camphorweed), and Triplasis purpurea (Walter) Chapm. (purple sandgrass) abundance was reduced by the first surge, but the latter two species were able to recover to presurge levels by autumn 2012. However, after the second surge in 2012, H. subaxillaris and C. tribuloides were no longer found in quadrats sampled in autumn 2013, unable to recover their population densities to presurge levels. In contrast, most of the native perennials (e.g., Ammophila breviligulata Fernald [American beachgrass]) were able to maintain ramet populations at their presurge densities, and one species (Panicum amarum Elliott [bitter panicgrass]) showed a dramatic increase in abundance the year after Superstorm Sandy. Seedlings of seaside goldenrod (Solidago sempervirens L.) contributed to an increase in its density in the season after the first surge. The two rhizomatous grasses A. breviligulata and P. amarum have growth forms that are adapted to partial burial by sand and are vitally important to vegetation reestablishment following beach disturbance by storm surges along the northeastern Atlantic coast.
Granular flows in inclined channels with a linear contraction

We consider a monodisperse dry granular mixture flowing down an inclined channel, with a localised contraction: theoretically and numerically. Using the depth-averaged shallow granular theory with an empirically determined constitutive friction law, validated by discrete particle simulations, we present a novel extended one-dimensional (depthand width-averaged) granular hydraulic theory. For steady flows, the model predicts multiple flow regimes, like smooth flows without jumps or steady jumps/shocks in the contraction, which for supercritical and subcritical flows is verified by solving the two-dimensional (only depth-averaged) shallow granular equations using the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method. Despite the strong flow inhomogeneities in the contraction region, the oneand two-dimensional solutions (averaged across the channel width) surprisingly match for, both, supercritical and subcritical flows.