Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The scattering of small bodies in planetary systems: constraints on the possible orbits of cometary material

The scattering of small bodies by planets is an important dynamical process in planetary systems. In this paper, we present an analytical model to describe this process using the simplifying assumption that each particle’s dynamics are dominated by a single planet at a time. As such the scattering process can be considered as a series of three-body problems during each of which the Tisserand parameter with respect to the relevant planet is conserved. This constrains the orbital parameter space into which a particle can be scattered. Such arguments have previously been applied to the process by which comets are scattered to the inner Solar system from the Kuiper belt. Our analysis generalizes this for an arbitrary planetary system. For particles scattered from an outer belt directly along a chain of planets, based on the initial value of the Tisserand parameter, we find that it is possible to (i) determine which planets can eject the particles from the system; (ii) define a minimum stellar distance to which particles can be scattered; and (iii) constrain a range of particle inclinations (and hence the disc height) at different distances. Applying this to the Solar system, we determine that the planets are close to optimally separated for scattering particles between them. Concerning warm dust found around stars that also have Kuiper belt analogues, we show that, if there is to be a dynamical link between the outer and inner regions, then certain architectures for the intervening planetary system are incapable of producing the observations. We speculate that the diversity in observed levels of warm dust may reflect the diversity of planetary system architectures. Furthermore, we show that for certain planetary systems, comets can be scattered from an outer belt, or with fewer constraints, from an Oort cloud analogue, on to star-grazing orbits, in support of a planetary origin to the metal pollution and dustiness of some nearby white dwarfs. In order to make more concrete conclusions regarding scattering processes in such systems, it is necessary to consider not only the orbits available to scattered particles, but also the probability that such particles are scattered on to the different possible orbits.
TRANSIENT MODELING AND SIMULATION OF COMPACT PHOTOBIOREACTORS

In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to make possible the simulation of microalgae growth and its dependency on medium temperature and light intensity. The model is utilized to simulate a compact photobioreactor response in time with physicochemical parameters of the microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The model allows for the prediction of the transient and local evolution of the biomass concentration in the photobioreactor with low computational time. As a result, the model is expected to be a useful tool for simulation, design, and optimization of compact photobioreactors. Numerical solutions of the mathematical model are presented for the visualization of biomass concentration and total production. Several simulations were performed with temperatures ranging from 274 K to 300 K , and the maximum biomass production was achieved with an operating temperature of 294 K.
Longitudinal Monitoring of Countermovement Jump Mechanical Variables: A Preliminary Investigation

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of accumulated volume load on countermovement jump (CMJ) mechanical variables. Eight athletes underwent weekly CMJ testing using a force plate. Statistical changes were observed in certain CMJ variables over the observation period. Jump height (0.42±0.05 m) and allometrically scaled peak power (88.86±7.49 W·kg-0.67) exhibited multiple statistical changes. These changes appeared to exhibit a delayed effect in response to accumulated volume load. Specifically, following several weeks of large accumulated volume loads these variables declined. In addition subsequently decreasing accumulated volume loads resulted in an increase in both variables. The findings of this study indicate measuring jump height and peak power may be an effective method for monitoring a resistance training process.
Modreg: A Modular Framework for RGB-D Image Acquisition and 3D Object Model Registration

Abstract RGB-D sensors became a standard in robotic applications requiring object recognition, such as object grasping and manipulation. A typical object recognition system relies on matching of features extracted from RGB-D images retrieved from the robot sensors with the features of the object models. In this paper we present ModReg: a system for registration of 3D models of objects. The system consists of a modular software associated with a multi-camera setup supplemented with an additional pattern projector, used for the registration of high-resolution RGB-D images. The objects are placed on a fiducial board with two dot patterns enabling extraction of masks of the placed objects and estimation of their initial poses. The acquired dense point clouds constituting subsequent object views undergo pairwise registration and at the end are optimized with a graph-based technique derived from SLAM. The combination of all those elements resulted in a system able to generate consistent 3D models of objects.
A Novel Web Archiving Approach based on Visual Pages Analysis

Due to the growing importance of the World Wide Web, archiving the web has become a cultural necessity in preserving knowledge. To maintain a web archive up-to-date, crawlers harvest the web by iteratively downloading new versions of documents. However, it is frequent that crawlers retrieve pages with unimportant changes such as advertisements which are continually updated. Hence, web archive systems waste time and space for indexing and storing useless page versions. In this paper, we present a novel approach that detects important changes between versions in order to efficiently archive the web. Our approach combines the concept of the visual pages segmentation with the concept of importance while detecting changes between versions. The approach consists of archiving the visual layout structure of a web page represented by semantic blocks. We propose an adequate changes detection algorithm to compute differences between these visual layout structures of documents. We describe also a method to evaluate the importance of detected changes. Tests were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of our approach. Experimental results show promising performances of our approach.
Stability of Generalized Euler Differential Equations of First Order with Variable Coefficients

In this paper, using the method of the exponential dichotomy of fundamental solution matrix, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of generalized Euler differential equations of first order with variable coefficients. Our results can be applied to Euler differential equations of first order so that the related results by S. -M. Jung, B. Kim and Th. M.Rassias [On the Hyers-Ulam stability of a system of Euler differential equations of first order, Tamsui Oxford J. Math. Sci. 24(2008): 381-388] are generalized.
Smart Materials and Structures Based on Carbon Nanotube Composites

Since the first discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in 1991, CNTs have generated enormous research activities in many areas of science and engineering due to their combined exceptional mechanical, thermal and electronic properties. These properties make nanotubes ideal, not only for a wide range of applications but also as a test-bed for fundamental scientific studies (Baughman et al., 2002). They can be described as a graphite sheet rolled up into a nanoscale tube. Two structural forms of CNTs exist: single-walled (SWCNTs) and multi-walled (MWCNTs) nanotubes. CNT lengths can be as short as a few hundred nanometers or as long as several micrometers. SWCNT have diameters between 1 and 10 nm and normally capped ends. In contrast, MWCNT diameters range from 5 to a few hundred nanometers because their structure consists of many concentric cylinders held together by van der Waals forces. CNTs are synthesized in a variety of ways, such as arc discharge, laser ablation, high pressure carbon monoxide (HiPCO), and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) (Dresselhaus, 1997). CNTs exhibit excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal and magnetic properties. The exact magnitudes of these properties depend on the diameter and chirality of the nanotubes and whether their structure is singleor multi-walled. Fig. 1 shows a segment of a single graphene plane that can be transformed into a carbon nanotube by rolling up into a cylinder. To describe this structure, a chiral vector is defined as OA = na1 + ma2, where a1 and a2 are unit vectors for the hexagonal lattice of the graphene sheet, n and m are integers, along with a chiral angle θ, which is the angle of the chiral vector with respect to the x direction. Using this (n, m) scheme, the three types of nanotubes are characterized. If n = m, the nanotubes are called ‘‘armchair”. If m = 0, the nanotubes are called ‘‘zigzag”. Otherwise, they are called ‘‘chiral”. The chirality of nanotubes has significant impact on their transport properties, particularly the electronic properties. For a given (n, m) nanotube, if (2n + m) is a multiple of 3, then the nanotube is metallic, otherwise the nanotube is a semiconductor. Each MWCNT contains a multi-layer of graphene, and each layer can have different chiralities, so the prediction of its physical properties is more complicated than that of SWCNT (Jin & Yuan, 2003).
Ply thickness tolerances in stacking sequence optimization of multilayered laminate plates

The paper deals with the impact of manufacturing tolerances of plies thicknesses on optimal design of multi-layered laminated plates in compression. It is assumed that the considered tolerances are represented by the maximum acceptable deviation of every individual ply thickness from its nominal design value. The robustness of the optimum is achieved diminishing the buckling load amplitude factor by the product of arbitrary assumed tolerances and appropriate sensitivities. The discussed optimization problem is solved numerically by the direct enumeration method. The proposed approach is illustrated with examples of the rectangular multi-layered laminated plate design under uni- and biaxial compression. The achieved results emphasise the robustness of the proposed method compared to the approaches with ignored tolerances.
Correlates and Consequences of Feedback Orientation in Organizations

Feedback orientation is an individual difference that involves seeing feedback as useful, feeling accountable to act on feedback, being aware of social information, and feeling self-assured when dealing with feedback. In this study, the authors present a test of a model of the feedback-seeking process that includes feedback orientation. They hypothesize that emotional intelligence and the organization’s feedback environment are correlates of feedback orientation and that feedback orientation is indirectly related to task performance and leader–member exchange ratings made by the supervisor through increased feedback-seeking behavior. Results largely support the hypothesized model, demonstrating the importance of this construct for performance management research.
Who Wants to Leave the Neighbourhood? The Effect of Being Different from the Neighbourhood Population on Wishes to Move

Little attention has been paid to date to the role of the neighbourhood as a factor influencing residential mobility and the residential choice process. The question addressed here is to what extent neighbourhood characteristics (percentage of rented dwellings, low-income households, and ethnic minorities in the neighbourhood) influence different categories of residents to wish to leave their neighbourhood. The answer to this question can enhance our understanding of residential mobility and of the mechanisms causing segregation by income and ethnic groups. We use data from the 2002 Netherlands Housing Demand Survey, enriched with neighbourhood characteristics. Whether or not people wish to leave their neighbourhood is estimated using a multilevel logistic regression model with cross-level interaction effects between individual and neighbourhood characteristics. The main result shows that, with an increasing percentage of people from an ethnic minority in the neighbourhood, more people have the wish to leave the neighbourhood. However, this is to a lesser extent the case for members of ethnic minorities themselves.
Ecological forecasting for coral reef ecosystems

Assessment of coral reef ecosystems implies the acquisition of precision data and observations appropriate for answering questions about the response of multiple organisms to physical and other environmental stimuli. At the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, we model marine organismal response to the environment in terms of a Stimulus/Response Index (S/RI). S/RI is computed using an approach called heuristic programming, from parameters bounded in subjective terms, which are defined numerically by comparing historical data with expert opinion, so as to match research and our understanding of the process in question. The modeled organismal response is called an ecological forecast, or ecoforecast, and relative possibility and intensity of the response is reflected in a rising S/RI. We have had success to date in modeling coral bleaching response to high sea temperatures plus high irradiance and other parameters. The approach requires, a) highly robust instrumentation (in situ, satellite, or other) deployed for long periods and producing high quality data in near real-time, b) a basic understanding of the process, behavior and/or physiology being modeled, and, c) a knowledge of approximate threshold levels for single or synergistically acting environmental parameters that elicit the phenomenon in question.
On the Time Value of Ruin

Abstract This paper studies the joint distribution of the time of ruin, the surplus immediately before ruin, and the deficit at ruin. The time of ruin is analyzed in terms of its Laplace transforms, which can naturally be interpreted as discounting. Hence the classical risk theory model is generalized by discounting with respect to the time of ruin. We show how to calculate an expected discounted penalty, which is due at ruin and may depend on the deficit at ruin and on the surplus immediately before ruin. The expected discounted penalty, considered as a function of the initial surplus, satisfies a certain renewal equation, which has a probabilistic interpretation. Explicit answers are obtained for zero initial surplus, very large initial surplus, and arbitrary initial surplus if the claim amount distribution is exponential or a mixture of exponentials. We generalize Dickson’s formula, which expresses the joint distribution of the surplus immediately prior to and at ruin in terms of the probability of ult.
Predetermined exchange rate, monetary targeting, and inflation targeting regimes

Many works analyzing the Mundell–Fleming dictum compare the predetermined exchange rate regime and the monetary targeting regime under flexible exchange rates. Reflecting on the fact that many emerging market countries have shifted to the inflation targeting regime, this paper aims to extend the literature to include the latter. The results of our analysis show that the interest rule with an inflation target is superior (or at least equal) to the two above-mentioned regimes in absorbing both real and monetary shocks.
Catching the fish – Constraining stellar parameters for TX Piscium using spectro-interferometric observations

Context. Stellar parameter determination is a challenging task when dealing with galactic giant stars. The combination of different investigation techniques has proven to be a promising approach. Aims. We analyse archive spectra obtained with the Short Wavelength Spectrometer (SWS) onboard ISO, and new interferometric observations from the Very Large Telescope MID-infrared Interferometric instrument (VLTI/MIDI) of a very well studied carbon-rich giant: TX Psc. The aim of this work is to determine stellar parameters using spectroscopy and interferometry. Methods. The observations are used to constrain the model atmosphere, and eventually the stellar evolutionary model in the region where the tracks map the beginning of the carbon star sequence. Two different approaches are used to determine stellar parameters: (i) the “classic” interferometric approach where the effective temperature is fixed by using the angular diameter in the N-band (from interferometry) and the apparent bolometric magnitude; (ii) parameters are obtained by fitting a grid of state-of-the-art hydrostatic models to spectroscopic and interferometric observations. Results. We find good agreement between the parameters of the two methods. The effective temperature and luminosity clearly place TX Psc in the carbon-rich AGB star domain in the H-R-diagram. Current evolutionary tracks suggest that TX Psc became a C-star just recently, which means that the star is still in a “quiet” phase compared to the subsequent strong-wind regime. This agrees with the C/O ratio being only slightly greater than one.
ADOPTION OF A BRAND STRATEGY IN SMEs IN THE JYVÄSKYLÄ AREA : A managerial perspective

The objective of the bachelor’s thesis was to find out the current perceptions towards adopting and implementing a brand strategy of SME managers operating in the Jyväskylä area. The research approach was quantitative. The research method was a survey with the data collected through a structured online questionnaire which was sent to all (1504) the SMEs operating in the Jyväskylä area. The response rate was 7 %. The questionnaire was adopted from a formerly developed instrument for measuring the adoption of a new innovation. The purpose of the questionnaire was to gather anonymous information about perceptions towards implementing a brand strategy. The theory part discusses the concepts such as branding, brand strategy and strategy management literature followed by the Diffusion of Innovations theory by E. Rogers introducing a study of adopting a new innovation and its attributes affecting the adoption process. The results were presented as tables and figures showing the percentages of all citations. The results indicate the current perceptions, challenges and future plans that the SME managers have to face when supervising their company toward implementing a brand strategy. The results indicate that the rate of commitment to implementing a brand strategy was not high. A brand strategy was not perceived as mandatory to implementing although they perceived a company to have a relative advantage and better visibility resulting from implementing a brand strategy. There were varied conceptions of the demonstrability and practical implementation of the results. The conclusions indicate that although the relative advantages are visible to the majority, there are still things that hold managers back when it comes to implementing a brand strategy in their company. It seems that the commitment level is low because the stakeholders do not require that.
TOWARDS STEREO VISION- AND LASER SCANNER-BASED UAS POSE ESTIMATION

A central issue for the autonomous navigation of mobile robots is to map unknown environments while simultaneously estimating its position within this map. This chicken-eggproblem is known as simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Asctec’s quadrotor Pelican is a powerful and flexible research UAS (unmanned aircraft system) which enables the development of new real-time on-board algorithms for SLAM as well as autonomous navigation. The relative UAS pose estimation for SLAM, usually based on low-cost sensors like inertial measurement units (IMU) and barometers, is known to be affected by high drift rates. In order to significantly reduce these effects, we incorporate additional independent pose estimation techniques using exteroceptive sensors. In this article we present first pose estimation results using a stereo camera setup as well as a laser range finder, individually. Even though these methods fail in few certain configurations we demonstrate their effectiveness and value for the reduction of IMU drift rates and give an outlook for further works towards SLAM.
An Inquiry into Banking Portfolios and Financial Stability Surrounding ‘The Great Recession’

By utilizing the extreme dependence structure and the conditional probability of joint failure (CPJF) between banks, this paper characterizes a risk-stability index (RSI) that quantifies (i) common distress of banks, (ii) distress between specific banks, and (iii) distress to a portfolio related to a specific bank. The results show that financial stability is a continuum; that the Korean and U.S. banking systems seem more prone to systemic risk; and that Asian banks experience the most persistence of distress. Furthermore, a panel VAR indicates that "leaning against the wind" reduces the instability of a financial system.
Minimal volume of the connected sum of Euclidean spaces

In this paper, we give a detailed proof of the result that the minimal volume of the connected sum of R n is zero for n ‚ 2. The approach is to construct a sequence of explicit complete metrics on them such that the curvatures are bounded in absolute value by 1 and the volumes tend to zero uniformly.
The Influence of Prior Experience on Innovativeness of Startup Business Ideas

Following the disruptive innovations theory, entrepreneurs are encouraged to focus on game-changing innovations – e.g. by policy makers – in order to become a more successful economy. Typically, these founders are backed by investors (e.g. Venture Capital), which tend to finance startups with a proven team that combines outstanding prior experience regarding the industry and the founding process itself, as these startups show higher performance. The call for disruptive innovations on the one hand, and this investment behavior on the other hand might lead to contradicting situation of producing less innovative startups and teams. We therefore question, whether a higher level of prior experience and interdisciplinary within the founding team leads to more disruptive innovations or not.
A reexamination of absorption and enhancement effects in X-ray fluorescence trace element analysis

Abstract In this paper, sample mass-absorption corrections for X-ray fluorescence trace element analysis are reexamined and a new approach is presented that is more accurate and more versatile than current methods. A method based on Compton scattering of a tube line is widely used because it is simple and does not require knowledge of the complete sample composition. The equivalent-wavelength method is sometimes used instead, especially if there is a major element absorption edge between the wavelengths of the Compton peak and the characteristic analyte radiation. Both methods suffer from difficulties in correcting for absorption edges and for enhancement by secondary fluorescence. In addition, the necessary assumption that the ratio of mass-absorption coefficients of any two elements is approximately independent of wavelength is surprisingly inaccurate. A series of examples demonstrates that in some cases large analytical errors may result. Methods based on the new approach completely and automatically correct for absorption edges and secondary fluorescence, without introducing such errors. In contrast to current methods, a complete major element analysis is not necessary. Thus, rapid determination of concentration ratios, such as Cr/Fe and V/Fe in oxide ores, Ba/Fe in Fe-rich hydrothermal deposits, and Sr/Ca in carbonates, is possible. In an experimental test, accuracy of better than 1% was demonstrated for analysis of V in Fe-rich samples. A proposed coefficient approximation was shown to give accuracy of 2% or better (excluding experimental errors) for Rb, Ni, Ba, and Cr over an extremely wide range of sample compositions.