Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Air-sea flux measurements over the Southern Ocean

The Waves, Aerosol, and Gas Exchange Study (WAGES) collected 18 months of near-continuous and autonomous turbulent air-sea flux estimates from the research vessel RRS James Clark Ross. Supporting meteorological and sea-state measurements were also made, with the objective of improving air-sea flux parameterisations. Making turbulence measurements from a ship is technically challenging, due to bias caused by platform motion and airflow distortion. Typically, visual inspection of individual turbulence spectra is needed to quality control eddy covariance flux estimates; for WAGES the sheer volume of data motivated the development of an automated quality control method, to be performed on individual flux cospectra. The application of these tests allowed a robust relationship between the 10 m wind speed and the neutral drag coefficient to be developed, which had previously not been achieved with ship-based covariance measurements alone. This parameterisation is toward the higher end of the range of accepted values, and indicates some wind speed dependence of the Charnock parameter, rather than it being a constant. A detailed investigation of turbulent flow distortion was made; insights into the physics were gained, and a novel correction method for motion-correlated flow distortion was developed and validated. Two major modes of motion-correlated flow distortion of the turbulence were found: one correlated to the pitch, acknowledge in the literature; a second and more powerful mode correlated to the rate of change of the pitch, not acknowledged in any publication. The quality control and bias correction techniques developed for the momentum fluxes were transferred to a preliminary investigation of the sensible and latent heat fluxes. The uncertainty in the latent heat transfer coefficient was reduced considerably by use of the new techniques; however the sensible heat fluxes were dominated by noise, so discarded. The methods and corrections developed in this thesis could be used to reanalyse the turbulent flux measurements from many ship-based campaigns; improving our understanding of the physics of air-sea exchange without need for additional expensive measurements.
Zooming into Airbnb listings of European cities: Further investigation of the sector’s competitiveness

Airbnb has a major role to play in the competitiveness of the overall accommodation sector of individual destinations and it is rather unlikely that this role will diminish in the post-COVID-19 recovery of the tourism industry. Therefore, the present study motivates the Airbnb sector to look back at its past performance for insights that can be used in setting post-pandemic targets. In particular, this research assesses competitiveness of the Airbnb listings of 28 European cities by including hotel-related data as uncontrollable input variables within interactive data envelopment analysis modeling. The contribution lies in joining Airbnb listings and hotels into the benchmarking discussion and efficiency analysis, along with looking beyond the cumulative number of listings by dissecting the overall sector into commercial and private listings—something that has not been attempted as of yet, in spite of the ever-growing body of literature on the sharing economy.
Scaling for E-Business: Technologies, Models, Performance, and Capacity Planning

From the Publisher: Foreword by Jim Gray Microsoft Research and 1998 ACM Turing Award Recipient The Complete Guide to Techniques and Models to Evaluate and Plan E-Business Sites! Avoid losing customers due to site crashes Performance modeling and capacity planning for e-business infrastructure Build and analyze customer behavior models Plan your e-business site to avoid frequent upgrades and migrations "E-business is transforming every element of business in many unknown ways. This book will give its readers a headstart in understanding the quantitative underpinnings of the new environment. "  Howard Frank, Dean, Robert H. Smith School of Business University of Maryland at College Park Solid analysis of performance modeling and capacity planning for your e-business site! S low e-commerce sites cost their owners billions and embarrass and degrade their owners' brands. Don't let it happen to you! Scaling for E-Business presents analysis techniques for quantifying and projecting every element of your e-business site's performance-and planning for the capacity you need, no matter what! Discover how to. Characterize e-commerce workloads more accurately Analyze the performance of authentication and payment services Model contention for software servers, and ensure scalability Model and plan for communications infrastructure Forecast and cope with peak demand Project the impact of agent technologies and non-PC devices You can't turn to your vendors for these state-of-the-art techniques. But you canturn to Scaling for E-Business-and if you plan to succeed, you'd better!
How to Comply with Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404: Assessing the Effectiveness of Internal Control

Chapter 1. The Engagement Approach. Chapter Summary. Management's Required Assessment of the Entity's Internal Control. The Independent Auditor's Reporting Responsibilities. A Structured, Comprehensive Approach for Evaluating Internal Control. Considerations for Outside Consultants. Appendix A: Action Plan: Structuring the Engagement. Appendix B: Understanding the Independent Auditors' Attestation Standards. Appendix C: Pre-Engagement Questioning Strategy and Example Questions. Chapter 2. Internal Control Criteria. Chapter Summary. The Need for Control Criteria. The COSO Internal Control Integrated Framework. Business Process Activities. Controls Over Information Technology Systems. Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Appendix A: Example Value Chains. Chapter 3. Engagement Planning. Chapter Summary. The Objective of Planning. Information Gathering for Decision-Making. Information Sources. Structuring the Engagement Team. Coordinating with the Independent Auditors. Documenting Your Planning Decisions. Appendix A: Action Plan: Engagement Planning. Appendix B: Summary of Planning Questions. Chapter 4. Identifying Significant Control Objectives. Chapter Summary. Introduction. Entity-Level Control Objectives Presumed to be Significant. Identifying Significant Activity-Level Control Objectives. Coordinating with the Independent Auditors. Appendix A: Action Plan: Identifying Significant Control Objectives. Appendix B: Example Significant Control Objectives. Appendix C: Map to the COSO Framework. Chapter 5. Documentation of Significant Controls. Chapter Summary. Documentation: What It Is.And Is Not. Assessing the Adequacy of Existing Documentation. Documentation of Entity-Level Control Policies and Procedures. Documenting Activity Level Controls. Coordinating with the Independent Auditors. Appendix A: Action Plan: Documentation. Appendix B: Evaluating the Design and Implementation of Sarbanes-Oxley. Automated Compliance Tools. Appendix C: Linkage of Significant Control Objectives to Example Control. Policies and Procedures. Appendix D: Documentation Example. Chapter 6. Testing and Evaluating Entity-Level Controls. Chapter Summary. Introduction. Internal Control Reliability Model. Overall Objective of Testing Entity-Level Controls. Testing Techniques. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Entity-Level Controls. Coordinating with the Independent Auditors. Appendix A: Action Plan: Testing and Evaluating Entity-Level Controls. Appendix B: Survey Tools. Appendix C: Example Inquiries of Management Regarding Entity-Level Controls. Chapter 7. Testing and Evaluating Activity-Level Controls. Chapter Summary. Introduction. Assessing the Effectiveness of Design. Operating Effectiveness Test Design Considerations. Operating Effectiveness Types of Tests. Evaluating Test Results. Coordinating With the Independent Auditors. Appendix A: Action Plan: Documentation. Appendix B: Example Inquiries. Appendix C: Example Control Activities. Chapter 8. Reporting. Chapter Summary. A
MULTI-WAY ANALYSIS IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY Models, Algorithms & Applications

This thesis describes some of the recent developments in multi-way analysis in the field of chemometrics. Originally, the primary purpose of this work was to test the adequacy of multi-way models in areas related to the food industry. However, during the course of this work, it became obvious that basic research is still called for. Hence, a fair part of the thesis describes methodological developments related to multi-way analysis. A multi-way calibration model inspired by partial least squares regression is described and applied (N-PLS). Different methods for speeding up algorithms for constrained and unconstrained multi-way models are developed (compression, fast non-negativity constrained least squares regression). Several new constrained least squares regression methods of practical importance are developed (unimodality constrained regression, smoothness constrained regression, the concept of approximate constrained regression). Several models developed in psychometrics that have never been applied to real-world problems are shown to be suitable in different chemical settings. The PARAFAC2 model is suitable for modeling data with factors that shift. This is relevant, for example, for handling retention time shifts in chromatography. The PARATUCK2 model is shown to be a suitable model for many types of data subject to rank-deficiency. A multiplicative model for experimentally designed data is presented which extends the work of Mandel, Gollob, and Hegemann for two-factor experiments to an arbitrary number of factors. A matrix product is introduced which for instance makes it possible to express higher-order PARAFAC models using matrix notation. Implementations of most algorithms discussed are available in MATLAB code at http://newton.foodsci. kvl.dk. To further facilitate the
The role of participatory action research in leading the development of engaging assessment

The Australian Learning and Teaching Council funded project Leadership and Assessment: Strengthening the Nexus succeeded in building the capacity of a group of cross-disciplinary leaders to create effective and engaging assessment practice. A Participatory Action Research (PAR) methodology underpinned the project. This paper presents an evaluative perspective on the methodology and process of PAR and its role in the assessment focused action research projects across thirteen departments in one Sydney metropolitan university. It also outlines the range of outcomes achieved across the multiple of the organisation (unit, program, department and faculty). Multi-phase development initially included three departments in the project with Action Research Enablers leading the initial “assessment profile” in their department, supported by an “influencer”. The Action Research Enablers formed a community of practice known as the “Leaders in Effective Assessment Practice” (LEAP) group (also presenting on this panel), and this community grew as each subsequent phase was rolled out. At each phase of the project a scholarly approach was adopted to developing new and engaging assessment practice. Individual and collaborative reflective practice informed the identification of theoretical models for leading assessment, informed strategies, aided development of tools used in each department, and informed the evaluation framework. The paper provides examples of the many outcomes that have been achieved including intended project outcomes such as profiling assessment, introducing new and engaging assessment practices and new policies. In addition to the planned outcomes, serendipitous outcomes include the acknowledgement of the leadership capacity of each Action Research Enabler in driving assessment change across the organisation, as well as many additional outcomes resulting from drawing on the synergies made possible by an organisational academic restructure and a corresponding shift in the culture of assessment across all levels of the university.
An Inertial Measurement-Based Gait Detection System for Active Leg Prostheses

Active leg prostheses can lead to more natural and less energy consuming gait patterns for amputees than passive prostheses can, because they provide a better approximation of the functions of the human leg. Active prostheses use motors to supply torques for added force and greater control at the joints (replacing the functions of normal limb musculature). The necessary amount of torque to apply must be closely correlated with gait characteristics. To properly control an active prosthesis, it is necessary to determine whether one is walking at a stable or varying velocity, on level ground, stairs, or a hill or ramp, and in the latter cases whether one is ascending or descending. In all cases, it is essential to detect transitions between gaits as early as possible, ideally before the foot makes contact with the ground, in order for the control system to adjust accordingly. In this thesis, a sensor system for a lower leg prosthesis is described, and a method for determining the gait transitions from this system are presented. The sensor system consists of an inertial measurement unit comprising three accelerometers and three rate gyroscopes installed on the prosthetic limb and a set of strain gauges on the limb to detect changes in force. Using this instrumented prosthesis, data are collected while an amputee participant transitions from level ground to stair ascent/descent. These data are then processed using an intent recognition method based on a hybrid discrete-continuous physical model of human walking. This method is evaluated for accuracy and robustness for real-time use. Thesis Supervisor: Hugh Herr Title: Associate Professor, Media Arts and Sciences
Enterprise System Assimilation: Phases, Activities, and Outcomes

This paper examines the assimilation process of a big Enterprise System (ES), basing on the two case studies of SAP implementation in Polish organizations. A literature review on ES implementation phases is first performed. It is then followed by the analysis of the assimilation process in two organizations, based on the analysis of the documentation. As a result, the phases of the assimilation process are determined, activities performed in each phase are identified and described, and the resulting outcomes are presented. The study performed in this paper resulted in a more detailed list of activities, together with respective outcomes, comparing to the existing literature.
Wald Revisited: The Optimal Level of Experimentation

This paper revisits Wald's (1947) sequential experimentation paradigm, now assuming that an impatient decision maker can run variable-size experiments each period at some increasing and strictly convex cost before finally choosing an irreversible action. We translate this natural discrete time experimentation story into a tractable control of variance for a continuous time diffusion. Here we robustly characterize the optimal experimentation level: It is rising in the confidence about the project outcome, and for not very convex cost functions, the random process of experimentation levels has a positive drift over time. We also explore several parametric shifts unique to our framework. Among them, we discover what is arguably an 'anti-folk' result: Where the experimentation level is positive, it is often higher for a more impatient decision maker. This paper more generally suggests that a long-sought economic paradigm that delivers a sensible law of demand for information is our dynamic one namely, allowing the decision maker an eternal repurchase (resample) option.
Imaging elastographic contrast in optical coherence tomographyfor applications in dermatology and oncology

Skin cancer diagnosis often requires invasive biopsies. These can be time-consuming and cause discomfort to the patient. Optical coherence tomography is a non-invasive tool capable of imaging skin on the micron scale. However, the modality’s contrast sensitivity limits its ability to distinguish between healthy and diseased tissue in some non-melanoma skin cancers. In this thesis, optical coherence elastography is explored as a means of contrast enhancement through the analysis of a sample’s mechanical, rather than optical, properties. An analysis of OCT imaging performance is used to design a suitable elastography phantom. Experimental measurements are also used to optimise the image tracking software. A well-defined, controlled actuation is applied to a tissue phantom and imaged using optical coherence elastography. A stiff inclusion is subsequently discerned from the surrounding material, even though conventional image contrast is low. Elastographic detail is also depicted in tissue. Finally, enhancements in axial displacement sensitivity are acquired through the acquisition of phase data and alternative actuation techniques are explored. The optical coherence elastography technique was sensitive to a Young’s modulus ratio of 7 from a 56 μm actuation. The possibility of detecting smaller changes in mechanical properties was also investigated. Axial phase displacement sensitivity was 50 nm, with an order of magnitude increase in strain sensitivity. This demonstrates the technique’s potential usefulness in discriminating between cancerous and healthy tissues.
A Quarter of a Century Progress Report on the Services Sector Productivity Statistics. A Europe-United States Perspective

The deterioration in 1995 of Europe productivity performance relative to the U.S. coincided with the ? renaissance? of the U.S. statistical system, which has been upgraded in many important respects. With these efforts, there is now a consensus in the economics profession that the U.S. statistical system has set a new frontier in official statistics. This paper raises the natural question whether the European statistical system was ? left at the station? while its U.S. counterpart ? departed,? making it possible for measurement differences to become the primary suspect of the existing productivity gap. Our retrospective examination at the development of the services sector productivity statistics in both Europe and the U.S. suggests the presence of a circumstantial evidence in support of measurement differences. The evidence based on a ? structured guess? suggests that the upgrade in the U.S. services sector statistics translated into enhancements of two kinds in the post-1995 period? a considerable reduction in the contribution of industries that traditionally dampened the aggregate productivity trend combined with a higher contribution of those that generally lifted it. This contrasts markedly with Europe where the contribution of these two sources remained unchanged in the meantime, reflecting important gaps in terms of scope of the service producer price index program and the timing of its implementation.
Real-time analysis of a mass vaccination effort via an Artificial Intelligence platform confirms the safety of FDA-authorized COVID-19 vaccines

As the COVID-19 vaccination campaign unfolds as one of the most rapid and widespread in history, it is important to continuously assess the real world safety of the FDA-authorized vaccines. Curation from large-scale electronic health records (EHRs) allows for near real-time safety evaluations that were not previously possible. Here, we advance context- and sentiment-aware deep neural networks over the multi-state Mayo Clinic enterprise (Minnesota, Arizona, Florida, Wisconsin) for automatically curating the adverse effects mentioned by physicians in over 108,000 EHR clinical notes between December 1st 2020 to February 8th 2021. We retrospectively compared the clinical notes of 31,069 individuals who received at least one dose of the Pfizer/BioNTech or Moderna vaccine to those of 31,069 unvaccinated individuals who were propensity matched by demographics, residential location, and history of prior SARS-CoV-2 testing. We find that vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals were seen in the the clinic at similar rates within 21 days of the first or second actual or assigned vaccination dose (first dose Odds Ratio = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.09-1.16; second dose Odds Ratio = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.84-0.93). Further, the incidence rates of all surveyed adverse effects were similar or lower in vaccinated individuals compared to unvaccinated individuals after either vaccine dose. Finally, the most frequently documented adverse effects within 7 days of each vaccine dose were arthralgia (Dose 1: 0.59%; Dose 2: 0.39%), diarrhea (Dose 1: 0.58%; Dose 2: 0.33%), erythema (Dose 1: 0.51%; Dose 2: 0.31%), myalgia (Dose 1: 0.40%; Dose 2: 0.34%), and fever (Dose 1: 0.27%; Dose 2: 0.31%). These remarkably low frequencies of adverse effects recorded in EHRs versus those derived from active solicitation during clinical trials (arthralgia: 24-46%; erythema: 9.5-14.7%; myalgia: 38-62%; fever: 14.2-15.5%) emphasize the rarity of vaccine-associated adverse effects requiring clinical attention. This rapid and timely analysis of vaccine-related adverse effects from contextually rich EHR notes of 62,138 individuals, which was enabled through a large scale Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered platform, reaffirms the safety and tolerability of the FDA-authorized COVID-19 vaccines in practice.
INVESTIGATION OF SOURCES OF FREEWAY SPEED DATA IN THE DALLAS AREA AND PRESENTATION TO TRAVELING PUBLIC BY ELECTRONIC MEANS

This report documents the analysis of existing sources of freeway operations data in the Dallas Urban Area. Recommendations are made for sampling vehicle detectors to be strategically placed to provide operational data prior to full implementation of a freeway management system. In addition, a procedure for interfacing to 911 emergency services to provide notification and location of freeway incidents not otherwise detected is proposed. A graphical Internet display format is described for presentation of these data to the traveling public.
Dsdm: The Method in Practice

From the Publisher: The Dynamic Systems Development Method provides a framework of controls and best practice for Rapid Application Development. It was created by a consortium of organisations and it has been proved, since its publication in January 1995, to be extremely effective in delivering maintainable systems which match the needs of the business better than those produced using traditional lifecycles. This book, commissioned by the DSDM Consortium and written by the chairman of the Technical Committee which developed the method, explores the day-to-day realities of implementing the method. It is a practitionerIs guide, dealing with issues such as how to get people from different disciplines to work together as a team, how to gain commitment and how to manage projects within normal business constraints. In this book you will find: practical guidelines on the implementation of key elements of the method such as "timeboxes" and the MOSCOW Rules clear recommendations for the roles and responsibilities of the members of the development team advice on which type of application is most likely to benefit from the method eight lengthy case studies by well-known companies, providing a benchmark against which to assess the suitability of candidate projects numerous examples and anecdotes, enabling the reader to benefit from the authorIs experience putting the method into practice Do you want to cut the development time and increase the fitness-for-use of screen based business applications, by orders of magnitude? This book will enable those in organisations which develop or purchase tailored IT systems, to gain a clearunderstanding of the benefits of the incremental and iterative approach embodied in the DSDM. 0201178893B04062001