Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
X-ray and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Fusion to Guide Clinical Revascularization of Peripheral Chronic Total Occlusions (CTOs)

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is a minimally invasive procedure used to revascularize blocked arteries of the heart and peripheries. However, endovascular approaches to treat chronic total occlusions (CTOs) of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) have proven challenging due to the presence of long and multiple occlusions, which cannot be visualized under x-ray fluoroscopy (XRF) alone. Devices can exit the artery leading to severe perforation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can produce three-dimensional vascular maps that are sufficient to identify the lesion extent and characterize the surrounding vasculature. Higher PTA success rates could be achieved for lengthy occlusions by merging 3D MRI data and XRF. This thesis develops a 3D MRI to 2D XRF registration method to guide revascularization of peripheral CTOs. The registration method utilizes bones in the MR and x-ray images as landmarks for registration. Furthermore, using an edge-based similarity measure the algorithm automatically maintains alignment together with C-arm tracking.
Comparison between different methods of analysis of slow component of oxygen uptake: a view in severe exercise domain

The objective of the present study was to compare in severe exercise domain, different techniques used for measuring the amplitude of the slow component (SC) of oxygen uptake kinetics. Ten trained cyclists, male (age: 25 ± 3.6 years, body mass: 67.2 ± 4.5 kg, height: 174.8 ± 6.5 cm and VO2max: 62.4 ± 3.1 mL.kg -1.min -1), performed two identical bouts transitions at constant load [mean ± SD (intensity 75%∆: 75% of the difference between the VO2 lactate threshold and the VO2max)] in different days. The SC was calculated from different methods: (1) bi-exponential model [VO2(t) = VO2base + A1 (1 – e-(t-TA1/τ1)) + A2 (1 – e-(t-TA2/τ2))], (2) predetermined intervals (∆VO2 6-2: difference between the second min VO2 and the end VO2; ∆VO2 6-3: difference between the third min VO2 and the end VO2) and (3) difference between the end VO2 and the value obtained from a mono-exponential adjustment of the “primary component” (predetermined time of 120 s) (SC6-“PC”). All the methods were compared among themselves. The results showed a significant underestimation of the SC obtained by method of predetermined intervals (∆VO2 6-2: 432 ± 126 ml.min -1 and ∆VO2 6-3: 279 ± 88 ml.min -1) when compared with bi-exponential model (676 ± 136 ml.min -1) and SC6-“PC” [(719 ± 265 ml.min-1 (p < 0.05)]. There was not significant difference among the other comparison. The results suggest that the use of predetermined time may underestimate the SC when compared with bi-exponential model and SC6-“PC”.
Hydrological and geochemical monitoring for a CO2 sequestration pilot in a brine formation

Hydrological and geochemical monitoring are key components of site characterization and CO2 plume monitoring for a pilot test to inject CO2 into a brine-bearing sand of the fluvial-deltaic Frio formation in the upper Texas Gulf Coast. In situ, injected CO2 forms a supercritical phase that has gas-like properties (low density and viscosity) compared to the surrounding brine, while some CO2 dissolves in the brine. The pilot test employs one injection well and one monitor well, with continuous pressure and flow-rate monitoring in both wells, and continuous surface fluid sampling and periodic down-hole fluid sampling from the monitor well. Pre-injection site-characterization includes pump tests with pressure-transient analysis to estimate single-phase flow properties, establish hydraulic connectivity between the wells, determine appropriate boundary conditions, and analyze ambient phase conditions within the formation. Additionally, a pre-injection tracer test furnishes estimates of kinematic porosity and the geometry of flow paths between injection and monitor wells under single-phase conditions. Pre-injection geochemical sampling provides a baseline for subsequent geochemical monitoring and helps determine the optimal tracers to accompany CO2 injection. During CO2 injection, hydrological monitoring enables estimation of two-phase flow properties and helps track the movement of the injected CO2 plume, while geochemical sampling provides direct evidence of the arrival of CO2 and tracers at the monitor well. Furthermore, CO2-charged water acts as a weak acid, and reacts to some extent with the minerals in the aquifer, producing a distinct chemical signature in the water collected at the monitor well. Comparison of breakthrough curves for the single-phase tracer test and the CO2 (and its accompanying tracers) illuminates two-phase flow processes between the supercritical CO2 and native brine, an area of current uncertainty that must be better understood to effectively sequester CO2 in saline aquifers.
Changes in hydraulic conductivity of Quercus crispula seedlings surviving the inoculation of Raffaelea quercivora

Mass mortality of oak trees (mainly Quercus serrata and Q. crispula) induced by the boring of Platypus quercivorus (MURAYAMA) (Coleoptera: Platypodidae) is epidemic in Japan especially along the Japan Sea (ITO and YAMADA, 1998). This disease was first recognized in 1934 in the Kyushu district, southern Japan. Following this, sudden but temporary outbreaks occurred repeatedly in geographically isolated parts of southern Kyushu and along the Japan Sea. Transition into a continuous occurrence has been observed since late 1980’s, and it has spread further into areas where this disease has not been observed before. Tree death by this disease has been explained being caused by the pathogenic fungus Raffaelea quercivora KUBONO et Shin-ITO (ITO et al., 1998, SAITO et al., 2001, KUBONO and ITO, 2002), which is introduced into the wood by P. quercivorus. Wilting usually occurs about two weeks to one month following the mass attack of P. quercivorus on Q. serrata and Q. crispula mature trees. Artificial inoculation of R. quercivora to mature Q. crispula trees also induced wilting about one month after the inoculation (ITO et al., 1998, SAITO et al., 2001). Q. serrata and Q. crispula seedlings wilted one week to one month after the inoculation (YAMATO et al., 2001). Such rapid death is characteristic of this disease. However, Quercus trees often survive the mass attack of the beetles and fungal infection in nature and by artificial inoculation. The causal mechanism of wilt and death of infected trees has been suggested as blockage of sap ascent in the area infected by the fungus, because the blockage occurs in discolored wood of infected trees (KURODA and YAMADA, 1996). To confirm this hypothesis, we have conducted further study on the process of wilting and death. A parameter of chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv / Fm) decreased rapidly at the very early stage of wilting in inoculated oak seedlings, similarly to seedlings which were mechanically cut at the stem base (YAMATO et al., 2001). The appearance of the wilting process of trees which were cut at the stem base was same as fungus-inoculated trees in both seedlings (YAMATO et al., 2001) and young trees (ICHIHARA and KUBONO, personal communication) and was also similar to the naturally infected trees. Further, at the beginning of slight wilt symptoms after the R. quercivora inoculation, hydraulic conductivity was maintained at the upper stem part distal from the inoculation site and wilt symptom development was suppressed when the basal end of stem cuttings from the inoculated seedlings were placed in water (YAMATO et al., 2001). These results evidently showed blockage of sap ascent around the fungus-infected site as the wilting mechanism. In this previous study, *1 *2
Validation of a Catadioptric Stereo System

A catadioptric imaging system was constructed using low precision mirrors. As a consequence, the captured image is subject to a number of local distortions. The perspective, lens and mirror distortions are removed using a non-parametric calibration approach. The effectiveness of the catadioptric system, and associated calibration procedure is validated by capturing an image of a known scene, calculating the disparity map and depth map, and comparing the measured ranges of features with their true depths. A simple dynamic programming based stereo matching algorithm was used to validate the setup. The locations of significant object edges within the image corresponded well with the actual object range, to within 1 pixel disparity.
A Framework for Refusal DDOS Attack Location Procuring Into Account Multivariate Relationship Assessment

This paper discussed the consequences of MCA on the Distributed DoS discovery and recommends an illustration, a covariance examination model for recognizing SYN flooding assaults. The impersonation final results demonstrate that this strategy is exceedingly exact in distinguishing malevolent framework movement in Distributed DoS assaults of distinctive powers. This strategy can successfully recognize conventional and assault movement. Certainly, this system can distinguish even fine assaults just somewhat not the same as expected practices. The direct trouble of the strategy makes its prompt identification handy. The covariance model in this report to some territory checks the adequacy of multivariate relationship investigation (MCA) for Distributed DoS discovery. Some open issue still exists in this model for further research. Foreswearing of Service (DoS) assaults are one kind of forceful and debilitating sort of conduct particularly to online servers. These diverse sorts of DoS assaults extremely debase the accessibility of a casualty, which can be a host, a server, a switch, or a whole system. They implement comprehensive calculation undertakings to the casualty by abusing its framework powerlessness or flooding it with colossal measure of futile parcels. The casualty can be constrained out of administration from a couple of minutes to even a few days. This reasons genuine harms to the administrations running on the casualty. In this way, successful recognition of DoS assaults is key to the assurance of online servers. Deal with DoS assault identification for the most part spotlights on the advancement of system based location components. Location frameworks in light of these instruments screen activity transmitting over the ensured systems.
Linear Rayleigh and Raman scattering to the second order: Analytical results for light scattering by any scatterer of size 
k0d≲1/10

We extend the usual multipolar theory of linear Rayleigh and Raman scattering to include the second-order correction. The new terms promise a wealth of information about the shape of a scatterer and yet are insensitive to the scatterer's chirality. Our extended theory might prove especially useful for analysing samples in which the scatterers have non-trivial shapes but no chiral preference overall, as the zeroth-order theory offers little information about shape and the first-order correction is often quenched for such samples. A basic estimate suggests that our extended theory can be applied to a scatterer as large as k0d ~ 1/10 with less than ~ 0.1% error resulting from the neglect of the third- and higher-order corrections. Our results are entirely analytical.
Android Malware of Static Analysis Technology Based on Data Mining

With the proliferation of malicious Android applications, an Android malicious code detection system is proposed in this paper. Based on the similarity between cognate malicious software in terms of permission application and behavior, the proposed system detects the malicious codes by performing static analysis on the configuration and Java files. For the configuration file permissions analysis, the permission of the Android software is extracted, and the improved version of the FP-Growth algorithm is used to mine the permission correlation between cognate malicious software. For the Java file analysis, the API sequence is called, and the behavior pattern is represented with the sub-graph; frequent pattern mining is performed on the behavior sub-graph of cognate malicious software using the AGM algorithm. The unknown malicious software is detected by establishing a malicious software feature library consisting of frequent permission clusters and frequent behavior sub-graph relationships. Finally, experiments are carried out to prove the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed schemes. The proposed malicious code detecting system has been made available on the Internet to provide free analysis and detection service.
Spatial and temporal UV irradiance and aerosol variability within the area of an OMI satellite pixel

Results of an experimental campaign that took place in the greater Thessaloniki area were used to inves- tigate temporal and spatial UV variability within an OMI satellite pixel. UV irradiance and aerosol optical depth mea- surements were performed for a one month period at three sites characterized as urban, rural and industrial, depending on their location and possible local aerosol sources. OMI showed a general UV irradiance overestimation compared to all three sites and for all atmospheric conditions. During the campaign the standard deviation calculated from the three sites for UV irradiance at 324 nm was of the order of 26%. For cloudless days with high spatial aerosol variability, UV differences reached ±20% within the OMI pixel. For cloudy days UV differences up to 100% were found at the three sites, a percentage that depends on the ground-based data integra- tion time used for the comparison. Here we tried to focus on the limitations when trying to interpret results of UV irradi- ance comparisons between OMI satellite and ground based stations, taking into account the UV variability within an OMI pixel, due to such small scale spatial cloud and aerosol inhomogeneities.
On multiple solutions of the atmosphere–vegetation system in present‐day climate

An asynchronously coupled global atmosphere–biome model is used to assess the stability of the atmosphere–vegetation system under present‐day conditions of solar irradiation and sea‐surface temperatures. When initialized with different land‐surface conditions (1, the continents, except for regions of inland ice, completely covered with forest; 2, with grassland; 3, with (dark) desert; and 4, with (bright) sand desert), the atmosphere–biome model finds two equilibrium solutions: the first solution yields the present‐day distribution of subtropical deserts, the second reveals a moister climate in North Africa and Central East Asia and thereby a northward shift of vegetation particularly in the south‐western Sahara. The first solution is obtained with initial condition 4, and the second with 1, 2, 3. When comparing these results with an earlier study of biogeophysical feedback in the African and Asian monsoon area, it can be concluded that North Africa is probably the region on Earth which is most sensitive considering bifurcations of the atmosphere–vegetation system at the global scale.
Numerical Study of Wind-Induced Currents in Enclosed Homogeneous Water Bodies

Results of various circulation scenarios for wind-induced currents both in rectangular basins of constant depth and varying topography and in a small lake with a complex bathymetry are presented. The importance of some of the physical factors affecting the circulation pattern due to wind forcing in enclosed shallow homogeneous water bodies and the prediction of how physical changes might alter the circulation pattern were investigated. A 3-dimensional semi-implicit finite difference code was developed. The non-hydrostatic pressure component and the conventional sigma coordinate system in the vertical direction were incorporated into the model to take into account the effect of the vertical acceleration component and the bathymetric changes considered to be relatively important physical parameters for the circulation pattern. It was shown that the numerical model developed was capable of simulating wind-induced circulation in shallow enclosed water bodies and that the effect of topography and wind stress on the circulation pattern was of primary importance while the non-hydrostatic pressure component did not have much effect.
Mg2 gradients as a signature of brightest cluster galaxy evolution

We have fitted the Mg 2 absorption index gradients for 21 brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs), in the nearby Universe, for which we have obtained high signal-to-noise ratio, long-slit spectra on the Gemini telescopes. This is a subsample of a large optical, spatially resolved, spectroscopic sample of BCGs which allows possible connections between the kinematical, dynamical and stellar population properties to be studied. We find a weak correlation between the Mg 2 gradients and central velocity dispersion, with gradients becoming steeper with increasing mass. An equivalent correlation for normal ellipticals in the same mass range is not found, suggesting that the BCG stellar population profiles are shaped by mechanisms related to the potential well of the cluster where they live. This suggestion is reinforced by the existence of a correlation between the Mg 2 gradients and the BCG distance to the X-ray peak luminosity of the cluster.
Implementation of a Sliding Mode Controller for Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter

This paper presents the regulation of the output voltage and inductor currents in a Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC), operating in the continuous conduction mode (CCM) using a sliding mode controller. Owing to the time varying nature of the SEPIC converter, designing a feedback controller is a challenging task. In order to improve the dynamic performance of the SEPIC, a Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) is developed. The developed SMC is designed by using a state space average model. The performance of the developed controller with the SEPIC converter is validated at different working conditions through Matlab simulations. It is also compared with the performance while using a PI controller. The results show that the designed controller gives very good output voltage regulation under different operating conditions such as a varying input voltage, changes in the load and component variations. A 48V, 46W experimental setup for has been developed in an analog platform to validate the performance of the proposed SMC.
Influence of a Regular, Standardized Meal on Lipid Profile of People withDiabetes

Aims: The need to fast before lipid screening has been questioned in the past years. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of a light meal on the lipid profile in people with diabetes. Methods: 115 participants with type 2 diabetes were recruited between April/2013-August/2014 from our Outpatient Diabetes Education Clinic. Clinical and analytical evaluation took place in 2 moments (8-hour fasting=t0; 2h after a light standardized meal=t1), with measurements of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. Results: Triglycerides concentration increased between the 2 moments (median difference t1-t0=0.07 mmol/L, p=0.002) but the total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and non HDL- cholesterol did not change significantly. Performing an analysis according to the LDL-cholesterol therapeutic goals proposed by Adult Treatment Panel III, we found an agreement between fasting and postprandial assessments of 91.1% for the goal of 2.6 mmol/L (102/112), and of 97.3% for the goal of 1.8 mmol/L (109/112). The same analysis was performed for the secondary goal, non HDL-cholesterol. Conclusion: The data presented suggest that the nonfasting lipid profile can be an alternative to the fasting lipid profile in selected patients. Larger studies are needed to confirm these results and demonstrate an association of nonfasting lipemia and cardiovascular risk in individuals with diabetes.
Can measuring the benefits of accessible transport enable a seamless journey

For disabled and older people, journeys need to be seamless – with no failures in access from origin to destination. Because the public transport environment, including walking and cycling modes, is not accessible, the use of private cars remains essential to social inclusion. Consequently, social goals relating to private car use in relation to health, environment and land-use will be harder to achieve. Greater attention needs to be paid to the detail of the “journey chain” with access consistently provided throughout, making for seamless journeys. This attention needs to be paid in all aspects of transport planning as well as delivery, including in the appraisal process. In transport projects appraisal, the costs of providing access are monetized, but not the benefits. The author undertook an experiment to value the benefits of step-free access for everyone and found significant economic benefit that enhanced the benefit:cost ratio. Until the benefits of accessible transport are properly considered for everybody across the whole planning process including appraisal, providing access will continue to be an uphill struggle and access throughout the journey chain will remain hit and miss.
Hydrogen and 40Ar/39Ar isotope evidence for multiple and protracted paleofluid flow events within the long‐lived North Anatolian Keirogen (Turkey)

We present a new approach to identifying the source and age of paleofluids associated with low‐temperature deformation in the brittle crust, using hydrogen isotopic compositions (δD) and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of authigenic illite in clay gouge‐bearing fault zones. The procedure involves grain‐size separation, polytype modeling, and isotopic analysis, creating a mixing line that is used to extrapolate to δD and age of pure authigenic and detrital material. We use this method on samples collected along the surface trace of today's North Anatolian Fault (NAF). δD values of the authigenic illite population, obtained by extrapolation, are −89 ± 3‰, −90 ± 2‰, and −97 ± 2‰ (VSMOW) for samples KSL, RES4‐1, and G1G2, respectively. These correspond to δD fluid values of −62‰ to −85‰ for the temperature range of 125°C ± 25°, indistinguishable from present‐day precipitation values. δD values of the detrital illite population are −45 ± 13‰, −60 ± 6‰, and −64 ± 6‰ for samples KSL, G1G2, and RES4‐1, respectively. Corresponding δD fluid values at 300°C are −26‰ to −45‰ and match values from adjacent metamorphic terranes. Corresponding clay gouge ages are 41.4 ± 3.4 Ma (authigenic) and 95.8 ± 7.7 Ma (detrital) for sample G2 and 24.6 ± 1.6 Ma (authigenic) and 96.5 ± 3.8 Ma (detrital) for sample RES4‐1, demonstrating a long history of meteoric fluid infiltration in the area. We conclude that today's NAF incorporated preexisting, weak clay‐rich rocks that represent earlier mineralizing fluid events. The samples preserve at least three fluid flow pulses since the Eocene and indicate that meteoric fluid has been circulating in the upper crust in the North Anatolian Keirogen since that time.
Comparative study of the estimated sample size for benthic intertidal species and communities

The objective of this study was to determine the minimum sample size for studies of community structure and/or dominant species at different heights of a rocky intertidal zone at Rio de Janeiro. Community structure indicators suggested a variation in the minimum surface of 100 to 800 cm2, with a minimum of 2 to 8 profiles and at least 20 to 80 quadrant sampling points, depending on the height. Indicators of species abundance suggest 100 cm2 for Hypnea musciformis and 400 cm2 for Ulva fasciata, Phragmatopoma lapidosa Kinberg, (1867) and Gymnogongrus griffthsiae at lower heights; 200 cm2 for Chthamalus spp. at intermediate heights; and 800 cm2 for Littorina ziczac at the greatest height. In general, seven to eight profiles and 10 to 20 sampling points were used. Different sample sizes were related to the abundance and spatial distributions of individual species, which varied at each intertidal height according to the degree of environmental stress.