Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The complete chloroplast genome of Cucumis melo L. ‘Shengkaihua’ (Cucurbitaceae) and its phylogenetic implication

Abstract The genus Cucumis contains 52 species, including two economically significant crops, cucumber, and melon, as well as some important landraces. Cucumis melo L. ‘Shengkaihua’ is a widely cultivated landraces in China. It has high sugar content, early maturity, and strong genetic growth potential. Cucumis melo L. ‘Shengkaihua’ provides a valuable gene pool for crop improvement of Cucumis crops. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of C. melo L. ‘Shengkaihua’ was determined using next-generation sequencing. The entire cp genome was determined to be 156,017 bp in length. It contained large single-copy (LSC) and small single-copy (SSC) regions of 86,335 and 18,088 bp, respectively, which were separated by a pair of 25,797 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions. The genome contained 133 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The overall GC content of the genome is 36.9%. A phylogenetic tree reconstructed by 24 chloroplast genomes reveals that C. melo L. ‘Shengkaihua’ is most related to Cucumis melo var. inodorus.
Synthesis of Pd-M@HCS(M = Co, Ni, Cu) Bimetallic Catalysts and Their Catalytic Performance for Direct Synthesis of H2O2

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as a clean and green oxidant, is widely used in many fields. The direct synthesis of H2O2 (DSHP) from H2 and O2 has attracted most research interest because it relates to a facile, environmentally friendly, and economic process. Yolk–shell Pd-M@HCS (hollow carbon sphere) (M = Co, Ni, Cu) nanocatalysts, in which the bimetal nanoparticle is the core and porous carbon works as the shell layer, are reported in this work. It was found that catalytic activities were enhanced because of the introduced M metals. Additionally, the different mass ratios of Pd to Co (mPd/mCo) were further investigated to improve the catalytic performance for the DSHP. When mPd/mCo was 4.4, the prepared Pd-Co@HCS-(4.4) catalyst, with an average Pd nanoparticle size of 7.30 nm, provided the highest H2O2 selectivity of 87% and H2O2 productivity of 1996 mmolgPd−1·h−1, which were increased by 24% and 253%, respectively, compared to Pd@HCS.
The smells we know and love: variation in codability and description strategy

ABSTRACT The English lexicon is quite impoverished in capturing the perceptual detail of odour qualities. To make up for the lack of smell vocabulary, speakers will often resort to source-based descriptions, a strategy that likens smells to real-world reference points, like ‘mint’. This study examines the instances when Australian English speakers use particular communicative strategies, to explore whether cultural or cognitive influences allow for the easier abstraction of odour qualities. This study combines (1) an odour description task, and (2) a similarity-based sorting task. The results of (1) show that the communicative preferences for describing smells are indeed reliant on source-based descriptions, and the results of (2) show that conceptualisation of odours is primarily based on hedonic valence, and secondarily on salient scents. By combining these results, I find that the communicative preferences vary depending on the conceptualisations of a scent. Scents judged as pleasant receive relatively more abstract descriptions, like ‘sweet’, and show a higher degree of agreement, and the source-based descriptions are particularly frequent among culturally salient scents.
Application of a Cold Spray Based 3D Printing Process in the Production of EDM Electrodes

Cold spray process principles allow the production of near-net-shape metal parts with a fast layer deposition by using 3D printing techniques via supersonic 3D deposition (SP3D). This innovative additive manufacturing process allows an easy and quick production of copper and aluminium parts with future possibilities to expand materials and alloys. The speed and materials enable the application of this cold spray based 3D printing process for the production of tools. In this paper, Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) electrodes were fabricated by using SP3D to investigate its application in tool production. Requirements for the materials of electrodes and some existing solutions for the production of EDM electrodes with additive manufacturing methods are described first. The fabrication and experimental results are then presented for 3D printed copper EDM electrodes that were tested by using St 37-2 (DIN 17100) steel as the workpiece.
The Fiscal Impact of K-12 Educational Choice: Using Random Assignment Studies of Private School Choice Programs to Infer Student Switcher Rates

ABSTRACT The rate of students switching from public schools to private schools because they received a scholarship and would not have switched without the subsidy (“switcher rate”) is an integral factor for reliably estimating the net fiscal impact of private school choice programs. Switcher rates observed among students in control groups in random assignment studies can provide useful information for inferring switcher rates among program participants when conducting fiscal analyses. This paper identifies 27 estimates of switcher rates from eight lottery-based evaluations of six private school choice programs in the United States that report information about which types of school students enroll in after they apply to a choice program and do not win a lottery. Switcher rates for both full samples and subgroups of students range from 52 percent to 98 percent. Lower bound weighted average and median switcher rates from these studies are 84 percent. Upper bound weighted average and median switcher rates are 90 percent and 89 percent, respectively. Switcher rates are slightly higher for African American students participating in three privately funded school choice programs, where the average switcher rate for these students is 93 percent and the median is 94 percent. Switcher rates observed in these studies are remarkably stable across time and states, and they can provide useful information for inferring switcher rates in fiscal analyses.
Title: Regulation of Human Fetal Hemoglobin: New players, new complexities Running Title: Human Fetal Hemoglobin Regulation

To provide a magnetic recording medium with good record and reproduction characteristics. In the magnetic recording medium having an anodic oxidized alumina nanohole film filled with a magnetic substance, the anodic oxidized alumina nanohole film 13 is formed on a substrate 16 with at least one base electrode layer 15 sandwiched therebetween, the base electrode layer 15 is a film that has fcc structure and whose (111) face is oriented in the direction perpendicularly to a substrate, and the fillers 14 in the alumina nanoholes 10 have hcp structure and include hard magnetic substance whose principal component is Co and whose c-axis is perpendicular to the substrate.
Beyond solidarity and mutual aid: Tension and conflict in burial groups in rural Uganda

Drawing from ethnographic data collected between 2012 and 2014 and January and June 2018 in Luwero district, Uganda, this article questions the romanticised depiction of burial groups as a means of enhancing social support, a sense of solidarity and mutual aid. We found that the felt sense of identity and belonging for members is not shared across community members, and that solidary relations between members and non-group members in the community are fraught with tensions and conflicts. Beyond the romanticised view of burial groups, we need to study burial groups as a model of solidarity in disunity and diversity.
Disturbance Observer-Based Prescribed Performance Fault-Tolerant Control for a Multi-Area Interconnected Power System with a Hybrid Energy Storage System

The goal of this study is to develop a disturbance observer-based prescribed performance fault-tolerant controller (PPFTC) for a multi-area interconnected power system (MIPS) with a hybrid energy storage system (HESS). The mathematical model of the MIPS with HESS is introduced first. Then the load disturbance estimation is obtained using a disturbance observer (DO) approach. By introducing two additional functions, the tracking error is bounded to achieve the desired response. The PPFTC is further developed based on the DO ensuring that the area control error (ACE) of the MIPS asymptotically converges to zero. Finally, the effectiveness of the given PPFTC and DO are inspected through the use of the Lyapunov theory and simulated results.
Automatic labeling of respiratory phases and detection of abnormal respiratory signals in free-breathing thoracic dynamic MR image acquisitions based on deep learning

4D thoracic images constructed from free-breathing 2D slice acquisitions based on dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) provide clinicians the capability of examining the dynamic function of the left and right lungs, left and right hemi-diaphragms, and left and right chest wall separately for thoracic insufficiency syndrome (TIS) treatment [1]. There are two shortcomings of the existing 4D construction methods [2]: a) the respiratory phase corresponding to end expiration (EE) and end inspiration (EI) need to be manually identified in the dMRI sequence; b) abnormal breathing signals due to non-tidal breathing cannot be detected automatically which affects the construction process. Since the typical 2D dynamic MRI acquisition contains ~3000 slices per patient, handling these tasks manually is very labor intensive. In this study, we propose a deep-learning-based framework for addressing both problems via convolutional neural networks (CNNs) [3] and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) [4] models. A CNN is used to extract the motion characteristics from the respiratory dMRI sequences to automatically identify contiguous sequences of slices representing exhalation and inhalation processes. EE and EI annotations are subsequently completed by comparing the changes in the direction of motion of the diaphragm. A LSTM network is used for detecting abnormal respiratory signals by exploiting the non-uniform motion feature sequence of abnormal breathing motions. Experimental results show the mean error of labeling EE and EI is ~0.3 dMRI time point unit (much less than one time point). The accuracy of abnormal cycle detection reaches 80.0%. The proposed approach achieves results highly comparable to manual labeling in accuracy but with close to full automation of the whole process. The framework proposed here can be readily adapted to other modalities and dynamic imaging applications.
SAILS: Spectral Analysis In Linear Systems

Autoregressive modelling provides a powerful and flexible parametric approach to modelling unior multi-variate time-series data. AR models have mathematical links to linear timeinvariant systems, digital filters and Fourier based frequency analyses. As such, a wide range of time-domain and frequency-domain metrics can be readily derived from the fitted autoregressive parameters. These approaches are fundamental in a wide range of science and engineering fields and still undergoing active development. SAILS (Spectral Analysis in Linear Systems) is a python package which implements such methods and provides a basis for both the straightforward fitting of AR models as well as exploration and development of newer methods, such as the decomposition of autoregressive parameters into eigenmodes.
Team Incentives and Bonus Floors in Relational Contracts

Teamwork and team incentives are increasingly prevalent in modern organizations. Performance measures used to evaluate individuals' contributions to teamwork are often non-verifiable. We study a principal-multi-agent model of relational (self-enforcing) contracts in which the optimal contract resembles a bonus pool. It specifies a minimum joint bonus floor the principal is required to pay out to the agents, and gives the principal discretion to use non-verifiable performance measures to both increase the size of the pool and to allocate the pool to the agents. The joint bonus floor is useful because of its role in motivating the agents to mutually monitor each other by facilitating a strategic complementarity in their payoffs. In an extension section, we introduce a verifiable team performance measure that is a noisy version of the individual non-verifiable measures, and show that the verifiable measure is either ignored or used to create a conditional bonus floor.
Accounting Students, Social Media and Online Learning in West Africa’s Topmost University

All over the world, accounting students have the burden of scholarship and professional studies in order to become future accountants. A way to cope with this demand is to use the ubiquitous social media. This study examined the demographic differentials in the students' awareness and usage of social media as online pedagogical tools. Purposely selected for the study were accounting students of Covenant University, ranked number one in West Africa by the 2019 Times Higher Education. The university enrols its accounting undergraduates for external professional examinations additionally to four years of a degree course. A quantitative methodology using a survey technique afforded the application of a questionnaire instrument in the study. The Scientific Package of Social Sciences was used to analyse the data gathered from 294 students of accounting across gender, age and levels of studentship. Results point out that accounting students are aware of the educational value of social media outlets. However, in practice, online platforms are lowly used for learning purposes. While students mostly subscribe to Instagram, YouTube is the most valuable media for learning. More than gender and level of studentship, influence both awareness and usage of social media for undergraduates' online learning. The study concludes that socio-pragmatic considerations rather than epistemic consciousness determine students' social media affiliations and usage. Resulting recommendations are: that international researches should study the applicability of social media as online learning apparatuses. Also; educational administrators should rethink social media as online pedagogical tools.
Investment Game Model Analysis of Emission-Reduction Technology Based on Cost Sharing and Coordination under Cost Subsidy Policy

Climate change and greenhouse gas emission reduction have become common concerns. Carbon trading systems and low-carbon cost subsidies are important emission reduction measures. Impacts of a combination of the two policies on micro-supply chain emission-reduction technology investment have become a focal research area. This paper: (1) constructs an investment game model based on cost-sharing coordination under a cost subsidy between manufacturers and retailers; (2) examines the equilibrium strategy and optimal results according to the interests and game relationships of each stakeholder; and (3) explores the effectiveness of supply chain enterprise behavior based on cost-sharing coordination under the cost subsidy. This paper uses a numerical simulation method to compare the path evolution under different scenarios and to analyze the sensitivity of parameters, identifying the influence of various parameters on the general structure and pathways. The study finds that the cost subsidy policy has a regulatory effect on enterprise emission reduction investment and enterprise profit under a carbon trading system, and the difference caused by the regulation effect is enhanced over time. The study also shows that the dynamic path of each parameter strengthens over time.
A Fractional Derivative Modeling of Heating and Cooling of LED Luminaires

In the context of energy efficient lighting, we present a mathematical study of the heating and cooling processes of a common type of luminaires, consisting of a single light-emitting diode source in thermal contact with an aluminum passive heat sink. First, we study stationary temperature distributions by addressing the appropriate system of partial differential equations with a commercial finite element solver. Then, we study the temporal evolution of the temperature of the chip and find that it is well approximated with a fractional derivative generalization of Newton’s cooling law. The mathematical results are compared and shown to largely agree with our laboratory measurements.
Optimization design of halbach permanent magnet motor based on multi-objective sensitivity

 Abstract—The halbach permanent magnet synchronous motor (HPMSM) combines the advantages of permanent magnet motors and halbach arrays, which make it very suitable to act as a robot joint motor, and it can also be used in other fields, such as electric vehicles, wind power generation, etc. At first, the sizing equation is derived and the initial design dimensions are calculated for the HPMSM with the rated power of 275W, based on which the finite element parametric model of the motor is built up and the key structural parameters that affect the total harmonic distortion of air-gap flux density and output torque are determined by analyzing multi-objective sensitivity. Then the structure parameters are optimized by using the cuckoo search algorithm. Last, in view of the problem of local overheating of the motor, an improved stator slot structure is proposed and researched. Under the condition of the same outer dimensions, the electromagnetic performance of the HPMSM before and after the improvement are analyzed and compared by the finite element method. It is found that the improved HPMSM can obtain better performances.
ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Leptospira borgpetersenii SEROVAR Ballum

Rodents are the main reservoirs of pathogenic leptospires, spreading the organism to the environment and so the major risk factor for both, animals and humans to acquire leptospirosis. To assess such a role, 50 mice were caught in a dairy farm in the municipality of Teoloyucan, State of Mexico in central Mexico. Accordingly to the morphometric study, all rodents were identified as Mus musculus. Anti-Leptospira antibody titers (â‰¥1:20), were obtained in 46% (23) of the animals by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), where the most common serovars detected were: Ballum 38% (19), Canicola 10% (5) and Australis 2% (1). Three Leptospira isolates (6%) were obtained by culture of mice kidneys macerates. The cultures were identified as L. borgpetersenii serovar Ballum by cross-MAT, IS1533-based PCR assay, rrs2 (16S) sequencing, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and by multiple locus sequencing typing (MLST). As far as we know, this is the first report on the isolation of L. borgpetersenii serovar Ballum recovered from Mus musculus in Mexico.
Plant molecular biology : molecular genetic analysis of plant development and metabolism

Presented here is an analysis of plant development and plant metabolism using the tools of genetics and molecular biology, such as mutant analysis, mutation tagging, mapping using polymorphic characters and basic molecular biology techniques. Studies with a range of model genetic organisms, most notably maize and Arabidopsis, are included. The reader gains a comprehensive view of the subject which is more and more of both scientific and industrial interest. The value of basic research in plants is highlighted and examples where basic studies have led to applications in agricultural biotechnology are given.
Acidic phospholipid deficiency results in an inhibition of chromosomal replication and cell-cycle specific arrest in Escherichia coli

iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT . v TABLE OF CONTENTS . vii LIST OF FIGURES . xi LIST OF TABLES . xiv LIST OF EQUATIONS . xv GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS . xvi
The Asylum Hump: Why Country Income Level Predicts New Asylum Seekers, But Not New Refugees

Refugee response has become an important topic in economic-development policy, but the majority of macro-level analyses do not find an association between country income level and refugee numbers. We argue that the apparent lack of association stems from using the United Nations High Commission for Refugees’ count of refugees as the dependent variable in these analyses. Refugee counts reflect processes that take place in countries of arrival. In contrast, the decision to seek asylum may be more closely linked to conditions, including income, in countries of origin. Drawing on the ‘migration-hump’ concept from economic migration, we model counts of refugees and asylum seekers from conflict-affected countries for the same time period and find that differences in the level of gross domestic product (GDP) predict new asylum applications but not new refugee numbers. We outline reasons for this statistical finding, and discuss theoretical and practical consequences for our understanding of the relationship between country income and asylum-seeking.
Price Discovery in Stock and Options Markets

Using a new empirical technique — the information leadership share — we find that the role of options in price discovery is up to six times larger than previously thought. At least one-third of new information is reflected in option prices before being transmitted to stock prices. Using unique data on prosecuted insider trading we validate our estimates and find that one-third of the time informed traders choose to trade in options. Doing so substantially increases their percentage profits. Consequently, options play a key role in price discovery around important information events. Our results reconcile conflicting findings in the existing literature.
Estimation of Thermodynamic Equilibrium Constant for Binary and Ternary Cation Exchange Reactions Using Rothmund–Kornfeld and Regular Solution Models in Some Soils and Soil Clays

ABSTRACT Rothmund–Kornfeld selectivity coefficient (KRK) and regular solution model are rarely used to describe soil exchange data but it seems to be able to satisfactorily predict the true thermodynamic equilibrium constant (Kex). We tested the ability of Rothmund–Kornfeld and regular solution models to predict Kex in binary (K–NH4, Ca–Mg, and K–Ca) and ternary (Na–Ca–Mg) cation exchange systems in clays and soils with different dominant mineralogies. Applying the Rothmud–Kornfeld model to the exchange data indicated the preference of K over Ca and NH4, and Ca over Mg in binary, and Ca over Mg in ternary exchange systems. Similar results were obtained on the preference of cations by different exchangers when the regular solution model was applied to describe the exchange data. Despite the different assumptions of Rothmund–Kornfeld and regular solution models to approximate the activity coefficient of the ions on the exchange phase, similarity between the value of selectivity coefficients obtained by these two models was observed in homovalent cation exchange reactions. Also, a close agreement was observed between the value of selectivity coefficients obtained by these two models and Kex. However, in heterovalent cation exchange reactions, Rothmund–Kornfeld and regular solution models did not provide accurate estimation of the Kex. But these models can correctly indicate the overall preference of one ion to another as Kex. The results suggested Rothmund–Kornfeld and regular solution models can be applied satisfactorily in clay and soil systems as a rapid method to estimate Kex, especially in homovalent exchange reactions. Abbreviation KRK : Rothmund–Kornfeld selectivity coefficient; Kex: True thermodynamic equilibrium constant; ƒ: Exchange-phase activity coefficients; NP: Thermodynamic non-preference; E: Equivalent fractions of ion in exchange phases; Ẽ: Equivalent fractions of ion in solution phases; KRS: Regular solution selectivity coefficient; Kv: Vanselow selectivity coefficient; ∆Gex: Gibbs free energy change