Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Will Evolving Climate Conditions Increase the Risk of Floods of the Large U.S.‐Canada Transboundary Richelieu River Basin?

In spring 2011, an unprecedented flood hit the complex eastern United States (U.S.)–Canada transboundary Lake Champlain–Richelieu River (LCRR) Basin, destructing properties and inducing negative impacts on agriculture and fish habitats. The damages, covered by the Governments of Canada and the U.S., were estimated to C$90M. This natural disaster motivated the study of mitigation measures to prevent such disasters from reoccurring. When evaluating flood risks, long‐term evolving climate change should be taken into account to adopt mitigation measures that will remain relevant in the future. To assess the impacts of climate change on flood risks of the LCRR basin, three bias‐corrected multi‐resolution ensembles of climate projections for two greenhouse gas concentration scenarios were used to force a state‐of‐the‐art, high‐resolution, distributed hydrological model. The analysis of the hydrological simulations indicates that the 20‐year return period flood (corresponding to a medium flood) should decrease between 8% and 35% for the end of the 21st Century (2070–2099) time horizon and for the high‐emission scenario representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. The reduction in flood risks is explained by a decrease in snow accumulation and an increase in evapotranspiration expected with the future warming of the region. Nevertheless, due to the large climate inter‐annual variability, short‐term flood probabilities should remain similar to those experienced in the recent past.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE EFFECTS OF AN ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF THE HYDRO-ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SYNEDRELLA NODIFLORA (L) GAERTN

Objective: Synedrella nodiflora is traditionally used in the treatment of several ailments. Pharmacologically, this plant has anticonvulsant, sedative, anti-nociceptive and anti-proliferative effects. This study further investigated S. nodiflora for its antioxidant and in vitro inhibition of cancerous cell lines. Methods: Phytochemical assays, and the DPPH radical scavenging method were employed in preliminary screening for antioxidant activities of the crude hydro-ethanolic extract (SNE) and resulting fractions. The potent ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), was further investigated for total phenol and flavonoid contents, reducing power, lipid peroxidation potential, and cytotoxic effects on human breast cancer (MCF-7), leukemic (Jurkat), and normal liver (Chang’s liver) cell lines. Results: The extract contained phenols, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, sterols, terpenoids, and alkaloids. It scavenged for DPPH with an IC50 of 114 µg/ml, whereas that of EAF was 8.9 µg/ml. EAF prevented peroxidation of egg lecithin at an IC50 of 24.01±0.08 µg/ml. These IC50s are four and three times lower than the reference standards. EAF produced anti-proliferative effects against MCF-7, and Jurkat cell lines with IC50s of 205.2 and 170.9 µg/ml, respectively. EAF had a high IC50 of 252.2 µg/ml against Chang’s liver cells. At 0.1 mg/ml EAF had similar total flavonoid content to SNE, but a significantly higher total phenol content. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction of S. nodiflora, exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity. It inhibited the proliferation of breast and leukemic cancer cell lines, whiles having weak cytotoxic effect on normal liver cells. These can be explored for further drug development.
Parasitism rate of Plebejus argyrognomon (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) under different levels of mowing management

Plebejus argyrognomon is an endangered grassland butterfly species in Japan. In this study we focused on the parasitism rate of tachinid flies under different mowing management to obtain knowledge of this possible top‐down effect that has been largely ignored. We established three mowing treatments differing in the intensity of mowing, as represented by vegetation height. The results showed that the parasitism rate of P. argyrognomon increased with vegetation height; the parasitism rate in blocks subjected to the highest mowing intensity was 8%, whereas in blocks subjected to the lowest mowing intensity, the rate was 42%. We suggest that clarifying interspecific interactions is important for understanding how habitat management affects grassland‐inhabiting butterflies in general.
Prediction of the three-dimensional turbulent flow in stirred tanks

Efforts to model the turbulent flow in stirred tanks require accurate boundary conditions at the tip of the impeller, not just of velocities, but of the turbulence quantities k and e. Kolar's (1982) phenomenological, swirling radial jet model of the impeller region is extended by using a two-equation k – e turbulence model to obtain direct estimates of k and e on the impeller periphery. The model is extended and clarified, so that the number of parameters required for its application is reduced to two: the rotational speed and the diameter of the impeller. Three-dimensional simulations allow a realistic treatment of the baffles. Agreement of the modeling results with recently published experimental data is excellent. This is particularly true in the important impeller discharge zone, where details of the predicted behavior of the turbulence kinetic energy and dissipation rate are in quantitative agreement with the available data. Based on these results, average values of e are calculated, along with the zones over which the apply. For the impeller discharge zone, the dimensionless, volume-averaged e is 0.19.
Effect of Cadmium and Nickel Exposure on Early Development in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos

Exposure to even low concentrations of heavy metals can be toxic to aquatic organisms, especially during embryonic development. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the toxicity of nickel and cadmium in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of each metal alone or in combination from 4 h through to 72 h postfertilization. Neither metal altered survival, but individual and combined exposures decreased hatching rate. Whereas cadmium did not affect total body length, trunk area, eye diameter, or eye area, nickel alone and in combination with cadmium decreased each morphological parameter. Yolk sac area, an index of metabolic rate, was not affected by nickel, but was larger in embryos exposed to high cadmium concentrations or nickel and cadmium combined at high concentrations. Nickel decreased spontaneous movement, whereas cadmium alone or nickel and cadmium combined had no effect. Neither metal altered elicited movement, but nickel and cadmium combined decreased elicited movement. Myosin protein expression in skeletal muscle was not altered by cadmium exposure. However, exposure to nickel at low concentrations and combined exposure to nickel and cadmium decreased myosin expression. Overall, nickel was more toxic than cadmium. In conclusion, we observed that combined exposures had a greater effect on movement than gross morphology, and no significant additive or synergistic interactions were present. These results imply that nickel and cadmium are toxic to developing embryos, even at very low exposure concentrations, and that these metals act via different mechanisms.
Con-vergence

Popular culture conventions (cons) can be powerful opportunities for library outreach, but they are underutilized or ignored as possibilities for many libraries. This article summarizes the results of a survey of libraries concerning their own con attendance/non-attendance as well as perceived benefits and actual barriers to attending. We also discuss our own experiences attending cons, including lessons learned and benefits gained by our own institution.
Function of Interface Deposition of Calcium Sulfate in Pressure Acid Leaching of Black Shale-Hosted Vanadium

During pressure acid leaching process of black shale-hosted vanadium, increasing the reaction interface of muscovite dissolution can enhance the vanadium release. In this paper, calcium sulfate (CaSO4) deposition behavior and its effect on muscovite under K2SO4 assistance were focused on for demonstrating the function of CaSO4 on vanadium leaching from the black shale. Results showed that as K2SO4 mediated, the apparent activation energy of vanadium leaching and the apparent reaction order of sulfuric acid decreased from 24.37 kJ/mol to 16.63 kJ/mol and 2.7 to 1.9, respectively. The leaching rate and dependence on pH value were modified. The vanadium leaching acceleration owed to CaSO4 deposition on muscovite in the black shale. The ion absorption stimulations found that Ca2+ is confirmed to be easily absorbed on the six-membered ring cavity of silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons in muscovite structure prior to K+ and Na+. Meanwhile, SO42− provides two oxygen atoms to bond with Ca2+ absorbed on muscovite (001) surface. The continuous absorption and bonding create CaSO4 deposition on muscovite (001) surface which also involves the load transmitting. The stress load transmitting correlates to pore formation in muscovite particles. It was proved that massive micropores initiated and proliferated in the existing pores under K2SO4 assistance. The porosity caused by CaSO4 deposition greatly increased the reaction interface of muscovite dissolution and accelerate internal diffusion of H+ to the reaction interface, which can significantly weaken the vanadium leaching dependence on acid.
Simulation of Dose Assessment for Special Environmental Radioactivity Distribution Using Monte Carlo Technique

Many researchers use the estimation method of exposure doses due to natural radioactivity adopted by UNSCEAR equation, which is based on an infinite plan source modeling. The results in most cases are acceptable within acceptable accuracy and error. However, in many cases, this approach cannot be applied e.g., for more complicated source geometry, composition, radioactivity distribution and so on. In previous situations, simulation and modeling are needed for exposure dose calculation to get more acceptable and accurate results. In the present work, modeling and recalculation of exposure dose rate are performed for an important previous published study about Hammam Pharaon. The study is selected because of its special physical characterization parameters and possible effects on Egyptian tourism. The effects of radionuclides distribution with soils and source composition, density, and geometry as recommended by NCRP 129 have been taken into consideration. The results for depth profile calculation show the conformation with the NCRP 129, which indicates a reduction in the free air exposure dose due to the fact that the above soil covered the active slab by 20% - 25% for 1 cm cover-up to 95% - 100% for 30 cm cover. In addition, the effect of density variation in dose rate is studied. A comparison with previous results has been performed.
Applying Gravity Model to Analyse Trade Direction

The application of Newton's law of gravity in explaining international trade proved to be very successful. The popularity of a gravity model for explaining trade flows has been due to the fact that the calculations require affordable data for every economy. The basic elements of the panel gravity model are mainly GDP, population and distance. This paper analyses Serbia's trade from 2001 to 2018 based on the experience of neighbouring countries of Croatia and Romania, using STATA software. The trade exchange with more distanced EU members is less realized. The country tends to trade much more with its neighbouring EU members, proving the basic assumption of a gravity model. There are exceptions regarding some parts of the trade with developed EU economies, regardless of their distance. These relations will help us to evaluate the trade pattern and direction of Serbian trade in the EU accession process using a gravity model.
IP Geolocation Accuracy Evaluation Based on Crowdsourcing

IP geolocation is a crucial technology in the study of many fields, such as network measurement, fraud detection, and location-based advertising, etc. For over a decade, numerous researches and applications in this area have gained significant advances. In recent years, since more and more physical devices are connected to cyberspace, evaluating the accuracy of IP geolocation has gained much more attentions. In this paper, we first illustrate the concept and applications of the IP geolocation. Then, we design and propose an evaluation method on IP geolocation accuracy based on crowdsourcing. We evaluate the accuracy of a popular high-precision IP geolocation system and find out it reaches 98.88% correct on city-level geolocation, and the median error distance of street-level geolocation is 0.13km. Finally, the future development direction of IP geolocation accuracy evaluation is discussed.
Pengaruh Motivasi dan Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan CV. Muslim Galeri Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effect of the work environment and work discipline both partially and simultaneously on employee performance at PT. Caturkarda Depo Serpong Tangerang Building. The method used in this study uses associative quantitative approach while the sample used in this study were 85 respondents. Data collection techniques by means of questionnaires, data analysis techniques with validity, reliability, classic assumption tests, multiple regression analysis, hypothesis testing, Ftest, Ftest, and coefficient of determination. The results showed that the work environment had a positive and significant effect on employee performance, this can be proven by the regression value of 0.091X1 . Tcount value of 3.086> ttable 1.989 with a significance of 0.003 ttable 1.989 with a significant 0.000 Ftable 3.11 with a significance of 0.000 <0.05 and the Rvalue of the coefficient of determination of 43.2% Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan kerja dan disiplin kerja baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Caturkarda Depo Bangunan Serpong Tangerang. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Asosiatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif adapun sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 85 responden. Tehnik pengumpulan data dengan cara kuesioner, tehnik analisis data dengan uji validitas, reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi berganda, uji hipotesis uji thitung uji F, dan koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa lingkungan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan hal ini dapat dibuktikan oleh nilai regresi 0,091X1. Nilai thitung 3,086 > ttabel 1,989 dengan signifikan 0,003 ttabel 1,989 dengan signifikan 0,000 Ftabel 3,11 dengan siginifikan 0,000 < 0,05 dan nilai R nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 43,2%. Kata Kunci : Lingkungan Kerja, Disiplin Kerja, Kinerja Karyawan
Chaotropic effect and preferential binding in a hydrophobic interaction model

Chaotropic substances such as urea and guanidinium chloride, which tend to increase the solubility of hydrophobic particles in aqueous solutions, are used frequently to destabilize aggregations of nonpolar solute particles and micelles, or to denature proteins. Their important applications have generated a growing interest in the physical origin of the chaotropic effect, which to date remains unclear. In this study, the two-state Muller–Lee–Graziano model for water is adapted to describe the ternary system of water, chaotropic cosolvents, and hydrophobic particles in order to analyze the effect of chaotropic substances on hydrophobic interactions. A mean-field approximation confirms the destabilizing effect of chaotropic substances on aggregates of hydrophobic solute particles. In agreement with a pair approximation, detailed Monte Carlo simulations of a three-dimensional system show preferential binding of chaotropic substances to the nonpolar particles and an increase in solubility of the latter due to .
Rigid, thermosetting liquid molding resins from renewable resources. I. Synthesis and polymerization of soy oil monoglyceride maleates

In this study, rigid thermoset polymers were prepared from radical copolymerization of the soybean oil monoglyceride maleates with styrene. In the first part of the study, soybean oil monoglycerides (SOMGs) were obtained from the reaction of soybean oil with glycerol at 220–240°C with an optimization of the reaction to maximize the monoglyceride yield. In the following step, SOMG were reacted with maleic anhydride at temperatures around 100°C to produce the SOMG maleate half esters. Different catalysts and different reaction conditions were examined to increase the maleate half esters' yields. The reactions were followed by IR and 1H NMR, and the products were characterized by mass spectrometry. In the final step, the radical initiated copolymerization of the SOMG maleates with styrene produced rigid, thermoset polymers. The emulsion copolymerization of the SOMG maleates with styrene was also carried out successfully without the addition of an emulsifier. The obtained polymers were characterized by IR and the crosslinked network structure of the copolymers was examined with the swelling behavior in different solvents. Mechanical properties of the cured resin such as Tg, dynamic flexural modulus, and surface hardness were also determined. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 69–77, 2001
Hydrogen Sulphide Production at Alkaline, Neutral and Acid pH by a Bacterial Consortium Isolated from Peruvian Mine Tailing and Wetland

The gol aim of this study is to optimize the ability to produce hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in pure and mixed cultures of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) at pH variations from 9 to 5. Hydrogen sulphide produced by SRB reacts with dissolved metals in water or tailings generating highly insoluble metal sulfides and therefore the selective immobilization of different metals. Three strains of SRB were isolated from Orcopampa mine tailings and from the Pantanos de Villa wetlands, both located in Peru. Cultures were identified by microscopy, cultural characteristics and biochemical tests as production of desulfoviridin and growth in different substrates. The production of H2S by pure and mixed cultures was evaluated at: acid pH (5), neutral pH (7) and alkaline pH (9). The mixed culture consisted of all three isolated species: Desulfobacter sp. from mine tailings and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and Desulfovibrio sapovorans from wetland sludges. Pure cultures of these three strains grew and produced H2S at both neutral or alkaline pH. At low pH no pure culture was able to grow and no production of H2S was detected. A mixed culture formed by the three isolated SRB was the only culture that grew and produced sulphide at the three different pH tested in shorter time (24 hours). The improvement of bacterial activity can be based in the metabolic diversity of the mixed culture able to use lactate and acetate as a result of the joint activity of these species. Energy obtained from the substrate is thus used more efficiently.
Investigation of the Reaction Network of Benzofuran Hydrodeoxygenation over Sulfided and Reduced Ni–Mo/Al2O3 Catalysts

Abstract The hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) network of benzofuran was investigated over alumina-supported Ni–Mo sulfided and reduced catalysts. The effect of reaction temperature, pressure, hydrogen sulfide feed concentration, and pretreatment procedure on the product distribution, hydrogenolysis, and hydrogenation activity of each catalyst was studied. The differences and similarities between the observed benzofuran HDO network and the networks proposed in the literature were examined. Parallels between HDO and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) were investigated by comparing the benzofuran HDO findings with previous results obtained for indole HDN. Reaction studies were carried out in a fixed-bed vapor-phase reactor using a wide range of feed concentrations at 120–360°C and 300–800 psig. Over the sulfided catalyst, one major route is observed for the benzofuran HDO network; it starts with the hydrogenation of benzofuran to 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran followed by its hydrgenolysis to 2-ethylphenol. Over the reduced catalyst, however, an additional route is observed that begins with the hydrogenation of 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran. This route contains several other oxygen-containing intermediate species that are not observed over the sulfided catalyst, and hydrocarbon products are formed by this route at significantly lower temperatures. The product distribution for both catalysts is found to be a strong function of temperature and H 2 S feed concentration where the hydrogenolysis reactions were promoted and the hydrogenation reactions were inhibited by H 2 S in the feedstream.
The Participation of the Intrinsically Disordered Regions of the bHLH-PAS Transcription Factors in Disease Development

The basic helix–loop–helix/Per-ARNT-SIM (bHLH-PAS) proteins are a family of transcription factors regulating expression of a wide range of genes involved in different functions, ranging from differentiation and development control by oxygen and toxins sensing to circadian clock setting. In addition to the well-preserved DNA-binding bHLH and PAS domains, bHLH-PAS proteins contain long intrinsically disordered C-terminal regions, responsible for regulation of their activity. Our aim was to analyze the potential connection between disordered regions of the bHLH-PAS transcription factors, post-transcriptional modifications and liquid-liquid phase separation, in the context of disease-associated missense mutations. Highly flexible disordered regions, enriched in short motives which are more ordered, are responsible for a wide spectrum of interactions with transcriptional co-regulators. Based on our in silico analysis and taking into account the fact that the functions of transcription factors can be modulated by posttranslational modifications and spontaneous phase separation, we assume that the locations of missense mutations inducing disease states are clearly related to sequences directly undergoing these processes or to sequences responsible for their regulation.
The Validity of Student Worksheets Based on Problem-Based Learning in Human Blood Type System Sub Materials to Train Critical Thinking Skill for Senior High School Students

Critical thinking skill is one of the competencies students must master to be able to confront the challenges of 21st-century education. The government seeks to compile the 2013 curriculum with learner-centered learning that is relevant to daily life. Learning that is relevant in daily life, one of which is the learning of Biology in the sub materials of Human Blood Type System. One alternative that can be used to facilitate students in developing their critical thinking skills is by providing them teaching materials forms students worksheets based on Problem Based Learning (PBL). This study aimed to produce PBL-based Students Worksheets to train students’ critical thinking skills in the sub material of Human Blood type System based on the feasibility of presentation, content, and language. This study used the 4D model there were define, design, develop, disseminate. The stages carried out only up until the development stage. The validity of Students Worksheets was determined based on the results of the validation by three validators using the validation sheet instrument. Aspects of validity rated include aspects of presentation, content, language, worksheets characteristics to train critical thinking skills, and PBL-oriented worksheets characteristics. The results showed that the PBL-based worksheets in this study obtained a validity score of 3.95 with a very valid category. Based on the results of the validity, it can be concluded that the developed PBL-based worksheets in this study can be used in the teaching and learning process to train students' critical thinking skills. Keywords: Validation, PBL-based worksheet, human blood type, critical thinking skills.