Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yacht type and crew-specific differences in anthropometric, aerobic capacity, and muscle strength parameters among international Olympic class sailors

Abstract Physical fitness and muscular strength are important performance factors for Olympic class sailors, but the physical demands vary greatly between yacht classes, and limited information is available regarding the physical demands for the different crew positions. In the present paper, strength and aerobic capacity data from elite Olympic sailors are presented and compared with previous findings. Furthermore, a system for classification of Olympic class sailors is suggested. Peak aerobic capacity (peak oxygen uptake, [Vdot]O2peak) and maximal isometric and isokinetic muscle strength of the knee extensors and flexors were assessed, together with the hamstring/quadriceps strength ratio (H/Q ratio). Peak aerobic capacity (ml O2 · min−1 · kg−2/3) was as follows: males – static hikers (n = 5) 215, s = 7; dynamic hikers (n = 8) 252, s = 17; trapezing helmsmen (n = 6) 234, s = 15; trapezing crew (n = 10) 239, s = 16; females – dynamic hikers (n = 6) 194, s = 16; trapezing crew (n = 2) 200, s = 13. Strength data for hikers, presented as peak moments (normalized to body weight) obtained during eccentric, isometric, and concentric contraction (Nm · kg−1) respectively were as follows: males – quadriceps: 3.66 (s = 0.68), 3.97 (s = 0.66), 1.82 (s = 0.34); hamstrings: 1.93 (s = 0.22), 1.38 (s = 0.41), 1.05 (s = 0.21); females – quadriceps: 3.84 (s = 0.71), 3.81 (s = 0.58), 1.60 (s = 0.28); hamstrings: 1.75 (s = 0.23), 1.10 (s = 0.16), 0.84 (s = 0.13). The peak moment based H/Q ratios for slow eccentric and concentric contractions were 0.42 (s = 0.11) and 0.39 (s = 0.04) for males and 0.43 (s = 0.06) and 0.39 (s = 0.04) for females respectively. Elite Olympic class sailors demonstrated high [Vdot]O2peak values comparable to those observed in other non-endurance sports. The strength data revealed very high quadriceps strength for hikers, which is likely a result of the high muscle forces encountered during sailing, and a low H/Q ratio. To ensure optimal knee joint stabilization during sailing and other training activities, it is suggested that hikers should counter this strength imbalance by performing additional strength training for the hamstrings muscle group.
Expression and function of NIK-and IKK 2-binding protein ( NIBP ) in mouse enteric nervous system

Background NIKand IKK2-binding protein (NIBP)/ TRAPPC9 is expressed in brain neurons, and human NIBP mutations are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. The cellular distribution and function of NIBP in the enteric nervous system (ENS) remain unknown. Methods Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis were used respectively to identify the protein and mRNA expression of NIBP and other neuronal markers. Multi-labeled immunofluorescent microscopy and confocal image analysis were used to examine the cellular distribution of NIBP-like immunoreactivity (IR) in whole mount intestine. Enteric neuronal cell line (ENC) was infected with lentivirus carrying NIBP or its shRNA expression vectors and treated with vehicle or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)a. Key Results NIBP is expressed at both mRNA and protein levels in different regions and layers of the mouse intestine. NIBP-like-IR was co-localized with various neuronal markers, but not with glial, smooth muscular, or interstitial cells of Cajal markers. A small population of NIBP-expressing cells and fibers in extra-ganglionic and intra-ganglionic area were negative for panneuronal markers HuD or Peripherin. Relatively high NIBP-like-IR was found in 35–44% of myenteric neurons and 9–10% of submucosal neurons. Approximately 98%, 87%, and 43% of these relatively high NIBP-expressing neurons were positive for choline acetyltransferase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase and Address for Correspondence Wenhui Hu, MD, PhD, Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. Tel: +1-215-707-5164; fax: +1-215-707-4888; e-mail: whu@temple.edu Present address: Department of Oncology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110032, China. Received: 14 March 2013 Accepted for publication: 15 August 2013 © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 77 Neurogastroenterol Motil (2014) 26, 77–97 doi: 10.1111/nmo.12234 Neurogastroenterology & Motility
Identification of plant-inducible genes in Erwinia chrysanthemi 3937

We present a method for identifying plant-inducible genes of Erwinia chrysanthemi 3937. Mutagenesis was done with the Mu dIIPR3 transposon, which carries a promoterless neomycin phosphotransferase gene (nptI), so upon insertion, the truncated gene can fuse to E. chrysanthemi promoters. Mutants containing insertions in plant-inducible genes were selected for their sensitivity to kanamycin on minimal plates and for their acquired resistance to this antibiotic when an S. ionantha plant extract was added to kanamycin minimal plates. The selection allowed the identification of E. chrysanthemi promoters inducible by host factors present in the S. ionantha plant extract. Using this method, we isolated 30 mutants and characterized 10 of them. Two mutants were defective in cation uptake, one was defective in the galacturonate degradation pathway, and another was altered in the production of the acidic pectate lyase. The functions of the other mutated genes are still unknown, but we show that most of them are involved in pathogenicity.
Process Management Maturity Assessment

This paper outlines a Business Process Management implementation approach in a large international company. It introduces a Process Management Maturity Assessment (PMMA) which was developed to assess the implementation of Business Process Management. The maturity model is based on the assessment of nine categories which comprehensively cover all aspects which impact the success of Business Process Management. Some findings of the first assessment round are presented to illustrate the benefits of the PMMA approach.
Interocean Differences in Size and Nutrition of Coral Reef Sponge Populations

Sponges consume an order of magnitude more organic matter on Caribbean coral reefs than on the Great Barrier Reef. This rate of consumption is attributed to Caribbean sponge biomass being five to six times greater than that on the Great Barrier Reef, on average, and to the absence in the Caribbean of phototrophic sponges, which are a feature of clean water regions of the Great Barrier Reef. The long temporal and spatial separation of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans has resulted in the evolution of dissimilar sponge faunas, with Caribbean sponges being heterotrophic, whereas many Great Barrier Reef sponges rely on nutritional input from photosynthetic symbionts.
Subjective and objective physical limitations in high-functioning renal dialysis patients.

BACKGROUND The utility of subjective measures of physical function as discriminative, evaluative and predictive tools in patients with ESRD is accepted, but objective performance tests also provide valuable information on patient status. The aims of this study were to determine what objective physical limitations exist in a select group of dialysis patients, designated as 'high-functioning' on the basis that they had low comorbidity and subjectively perceived themselves to function well, and to examine relationships between the objective and subjective measures. METHODS Twelve patients (male, 7; female, 5) aged 18-55 years, with scores of > or = 75 points in the Short Form-36 Physical Function scale (PF) and low comorbidity (Charlson score < or = 2) were recruited for comparison with age and sex-matched sedentary controls. Objective performance measures included vibration perception threshold (VPT), peak quadriceps isokinetic and isometric muscle torque, time to reach peak isometric torque, balance (body sway with eyes open and closed), temporal gait parameters and the sit to stand test (STST). RESULTS Dialysis patients demonstrated significant deficits by comparison with controls in subjective PF score (P < 0.001), VPT (P < 0.01), quadriceps isometric and isokinetic torque (P < 0.05, P < 0.005), body sway with eyes open (P < 0.01) and closed (P < 0.05), self selected (P < 0.005) and maximum (P < 0.01) walk speed, duration of gait cycle (P < 0.05) and STST (P < 0.001). There was significant agreement between the subjective PF score and VTP (P < 0.01), isokinetic torque (P < 0.05), body sway with eyes open (P < 0.05) and closed (P < 0.05), self-selected walk speed (P < 0.01) and STST (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Subtle but significant deficits in subjective and objective physical function existed even in this select group of dialysis patients. These findings define in more detail the underlying neuromuscular impairments and support the early implementation of active targeted rehabilitation programmes. The subjective and objective measures used here offer a useful panel of tests for clinical use in high-functioning dialysis patients.
Incidence of occupational asthma by occupation and industry in Finland.

BACKGROUND Systematic research on occupation or industry-specific incidence of occupational asthma (OA) is sparse. We calculated the incidence of notified OA by occupation, industry and causative agent in Finland for the years 1989-95. METHODS The numbers of cases of reported OA were retrieved from the Finnish Registry of Occupational Diseases for the population between 20 and 64 years of age. The numbers of employed workers were retrieved from Statistics Finland. Incidence rates were calculated for each occupation, industry and the total workforce. RESULTS Altogether 2602 cases of OA were notified and the mean annual incidence rate was 17.4 cases/100,000 employed workers. The incidence rate was the highest in bakers, other painters and lacquerers, veterinary surgeons, chemical workers, farmers, animal husbandry workers, other food manufacturing workers, welders, plastic product workers, butchers and sausage makers, and floor layers. Cases caused by animal epithelia, hairs and secretions or flours, grains, and fodders accounted for 60% of the total. CONCLUSIONS Estimation of occupation and industry-specific incidence rates forms the basis for successful prevention of OA, but necessitates collection of data over several years from well-established surveillance systems.
Intelligent operating architecture for audio-visual Breast Self-Examination Multimedia Training System

This paper introduces the initiated development of a computerised system called Breast Self- Examination - Multimedia Training System (BSE-MTS) and ongoing research for its development into effective, intelligent, high-tech system. Firstly, it presents the major components of the BSE-MTS and describes its future development into an intelligent system. Then, it outlines the development of the system as an intelligent integration of various modules of heterogeneous information, i.e.: (1) domain knowledge and perception of breast structures, locations, nodules (2) graphic and visual information (3) speech recognition and speech synthesis in the specific domain (4) interactive audio-visual feedback to the users of the BSE-MTS. The authors performed tests on using BSEMTS and present the outcomes. The paper is result of a research study.
A 33.6-to-46.2GHz 32nm CMOS VCO with 177.5dBc/Hz minimum noise FOM using inductor splitting for tuning extension

Signal processing in ultra-wide bandwidths is one of the key challenges in the design of multi-Gb/s wireless transceivers at mm-Waves, where channels covering 57GHz to 66GHz are specified. Further considering spreads due to process variations and the stringent reference phase noise to ensure signal integrity calls for an ultra-wide tuning range and low-noise on-chip oscillator. Meeting this target is even more challenging when adopting an ultra-scaled CMOS technology node where key passive components suffer from a reduced quality factor (Q) [1]. In a 32nm node the thickness of metals closer to the substrate is half that in a 65nm process leading, for example, to MOM capacitors with roughly half Q. The penalty is only marginally compensated by the higher transistor ft, improved only by ~20%. Various techniques exploiting alternative tuning implementations have been published recently. Magnetic tuning methods where the equivalent tank inductance is varied through reflection of the secondary coil impedance of a transformer demonstrate outstanding tuning ranges but at the cost of a severe trade-off with tank Q and poor noise FOMs [2,3]. A bank of capacitors switched in and out in an LC tank is the most popular tuning approach [4-6]. However the quality factor is severely degraded, when large ranges are involved. In this work, the switched-capacitor tank of the VCO shown in Fig. 20.3. 1 is centered around two different resonance frequencies by splitting the inductor through the switch Msw. In particular, an up-shift is produced when the switch is off due to its parasitic capacitance. The frequency range is significantly increased without compromising tank Q leading to large tuning range and high FOM simultaneously. Prototypes of the VCO have been realized in 32nm CMOS showing the following performances: 31.6% frequency tuning range, minimum phase noise of -118dBc/Hz at 10MHz offset from 40GHz with 9.8mW power dissipation. Despite being realized in an ultra-scaled 32nm standard digital CMOS process without RF thick metal options, the oscillator shows state-of-the-art performances.
Transcortical Venous Approach for Direct Embolization of a Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: Technical Case Report

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) represent 10% to 15% of all intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Most often, embolization is accomplished with transfemoral catheter techniques. We present a case in which embolization of a cavernous sinus dAVF was made possible through transcranial cannulation of a cortical draining vein. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: An 82-year-old woman presented with diplopia, left sixth cranial nerve palsy, intraocular hypertension, and bilateral chemosis. Angiography revealed a complex cavernous dAVF with cortical venous reflux, supplied by both external carotid arteries and the left meningohypophyseal trunk. Percutaneous transvenous access failed, and only partial occlusion was achieved by transarterial embolization. A frontotemporal craniotomy was performed to access the superficial middle cerebral vein in the left sylvian fissure. Under fluoroscopic guidance, a microcatheter was advanced through this vein to the floor of the middle cranial fossa and into the dAVF, permitting coil occlusion. CONCLUSION: This transcranial vein technique may be a useful adjunct in dAVF therapy when percutaneous transarterial or transvenous approaches fail or are not possible. ABBREVIATIONS: CVD, cortical venous drainage dAVF, dural arteriovenous fistula ECA, external carotid artery
Fetal lymphocytes in the maternal blood.

The fluorescence of the human Y chromosome after staining with quinacrine derivatives was used in an attempt to determine the prevalence of XY lymphocytes presumptively emanating from male fetuses in the blood of pregnant women. Seven women who subsequently gave birth to male infants had 0.03%-0.20% lymphocytes with a Y body. In two women pregnant with male fetuses, no Y bodies were detected. Of 12 women who gave birth to girls, eight had no Y bodies. In the remaining four, fluorescent spots were interpreted as Y bodies. One of those women had previously had an abortion. In the remaining three cases, it was found in retrospect that the fluorescent spots emanated from exceptionally brightly fluorescent autosomal regions in the maternal or paternal chromosomes, or both. Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated and unstimulated lymphocytes showed similar frequencies of Y body. Based on determinations of the incidence of Y body-containing lymphocytes in males (35%-66.5%), it was estimated that approximately 0.1%-0.5% of lymphocytes in the blood of most women pregnant with a male fetus are of fetal origin. This figure is remarkably high, since it exceeds in relative terms that of fetal erythrocytes (which mostly appear in the mother’s blood at the time of delivery) by several orders of magnitude. It is suggested that fetal lymphocytes actively cross the feto-maternal barriers. This phenomenon may have a profound influence on the immunologic interactions between fetus and mother. The method described may not turn out to be profitable in the assessment of the fetal sex, since its accuracy may be of the order of only 80%-95%. Moreover, several limitations prevail.
Impacts of spatial data resolution on simulated discharge, a case study of Xitiaoxi catchment in South China

Abstract. In this paper we analyse the effects of different spatial input data resolution on water balance simulation using a simple distributed hydrological model: PCR-XAJ model. A data set consisting of land use and digital elevation model at 25 m resolution of Xitiaoxi catchment in South China is used for investigation. The model was first calibrated and validated at 50 m cell size, thereafter an aggregation of the digital elevation model (DEM) and land use maps at 100 m, 200 m, 300 m, 500 m and 1 km are applied to evaluate the effects of spatial data resolution on simulated discharge. The simulation results at a grid size of 50 m show a good correlation between measured and simulated daily flows at Hengtangcun station with Nash-Suttcliffe efficiency larger than 0.75 for both calibration and validation periods. In contrast, the model performs slightly worse at Fanjiacun station. The increasing grid size affects the characteristics of the slope and land use aggregation and causes important information loss. The aggregation of input data does not lead to significant errors up to a grid of 1 km. Model efficiencies decrease slightly with cell size increasing, and more significantly up to the grid size of 1 km.
Comparison of Retrospective and Prospective Measurements of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale

For large-scale stroke studies a measure of clinical neurological severity is often needed but may not be available. This issue has recently been addressed by Goldstein and Chilukuri [1] who described a number of stroke outcome studies that were limited by the lack of such a clinical measure of clinical severity. The authors demonstrated that a modified version of the Canadian Neurological Scale was reliable when used to extract neurological scores from medical charts [1]. As the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Stroke Scale score developed by Brott et al. [2] has become one of the most widely used measures of neurological severity, we tested the reliability of a modified version of this scale for retrospective NIH Stroke Scale measurements. The admission neurological examinations of 23 patients admitted to the Neurology Service at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center were reviewed by a neurologist to extract a retrospective NIH Stroke Scale score. The retrospective scores were compared with scores that had been prospectively measured in the same patients by nurses and doctors trained in the use of the NIH Stroke Scale score. The NIH Stroke Scale items were modified to correlate with features of the neurological examination as it is typically recorded. The retrospective NIH Stroke Scale scores correlated significantly with the NIH Stroke Scale score that had been measured prospectively (r = 0.945, p = 0.001, Î = 0.596, p ! 0.001, table 1). Moderate to substantial agreement was present in 12/15 items (Î 1 0.4), the highest agreement values being for orientation, commands and dysphasia (Î 1 0.8). The items with the lowest Î values indicating fair agreement were visual fields, ataxia and sensory examination (Î = 0.2–0.4). A high intrarater reliability for the retrospective NIH Stroke Scale measurements was found (r = 0.946, p ! 0.001). The results compare favorably with values reported by Goldstein et al. [3] and Lyden et al. [4] (table 1). NIH Stroke Scale scores extracted from the charts of a neurology service are reliable and may provide a method for grading neurological deficits where prospective measurements are not available.
DOA measurements on indoor channel based on music and MDL processing

In indoor communications, the multipath propagation is fundamental. Generally, several replicas of the signal impinge in the receiving antenna. When there is line of sight, the received energy will be centered in a single wave. In the opposite case, the energy received in the array, is divided in several directions of the multipath, the signal simulates to have arrived from several sources of signal. In our case, using the results of a measurement campaign of the radio channel frequency response in an indoor scattered environment, we esteem the direction of arrival (DOA) of our signal, using MUSIC algorithm (multiple signal classification) associated with smoothing pre-processing and using MDL (minimum description length) approach proposed by Wax and Kailath for the detection of the number of multipath rays arrived at the antenna.
Nutritional quality of some wild leafy vegetables in South Africa

Wild vegetables play an important role in the diet of inhabitants of different parts of the world. Among the wild vegetables of South Africa are Chenopodium album, Sonchus asper, Solanumnigrum and Urtica urens. The leaves of these plants were analysed for their nutritive value, anti-nutritive components and polyphenolic contents. The protein contents of their leaves ranged between 13.25% and 26.44%, while the fibre and mineral (ash) contents were 16.08–23.08% and 13.0–27.75%, respectively. U. urens contained the highest concentrations of calcium, potassium, phosphorus and zinc. A high level of iron was observed in S. asper. These values were found to be comparable with or higher than those of commonly used vegetables such as spinach, lettuce and cabbage. The total phenolic contents ranged between 4.58 and 10.53 mg/g. In terms of anti-nutritional principles, all the vegetables had comparatively lower concentrations of phytate, alkaloids and saponins. Considering the amount of available mineral elements in the vegetables, these plants could be valuable and important contributors to the diets of the people in South Africa.
Reliability Analysis of Cloud Computing Systems with Different Scheduling Strategies under Dynamic Demands

The cloud computing system (CCS) is with large scale and complex structure. Benefited from its enabling technology, virtualization, the CCS has the characteristics of elastic, providing on-demand service according to resource scheduling strategy. Different resource scheduling strategies lead to different operation hours, which have different effects on the reliability of cloud computing infrastructure. In this paper, the reliability of CCS is calculated based on the reliability of its physical servers and virtual machines (VMs), and the system reliability with two mainstream resource scheduling strategies is compared. In the process of analysis, the time is divided into several small time periods, and the system demand in each time period is assumed to be the same. The demand is allocated to VMs considering their states according to the resource scheduling strategy. The four states (i.e., idle, operation, failure and migration failed) of VMs and the state transitions are analyzed. A reliability simulation method based on Monte Carlo is provided, and it considers the characteristics of elastic scheduling, common-cause failure and fault-tolerant migration behavior of the CCS. The effectiveness of our method is verified by our illustrated case, and the system reliability with the load balancing and the energy based scheduling strategies are compared. The results show that the reliability of the CCS is higher with the energy based scheduling strategy than the one with the load balancing based scheduling strategy.