Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utility-Driven Mining of Trend Information for Intelligent System

Useful knowledge, embedded in a database, is likely to change over time. Identifying the recent changes in temporal data can provide valuable up-to-date information to decision makers. Nevertheless, techniques for mining high-utility patterns (HUPs) seldom consider recency as a criterion to discover patterns. Thus, the traditional utility mining framework is inadequate for obtaining up-to-date insights about real-world data. In this article, we address this issue by introducing a novel framework, named utility-driven mining of recent/trend high-utility patterns (RUPs), in temporal databases for intelligent systems, based on user-specified minimum recency and minimum utility thresholds. The utility-driven RUP algorithm is based on novel global and conditional downward closure properties, and a recency-utility tree. Moreover, it adopts a vertical compact recency-utility list structure to store the information required by the mining process. The developed RUP algorithm recursively discovers recent high-utility patterns. It is also fast and consumes a small amount of memory due to its pattern discovery approach that does not generate candidates. Two improved versions of the algorithm with additional pruning strategies are also designed to speed up the discovery of patterns by reducing the search space. Results of a substantial experimental evaluation show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently identify all recent HUPs in large-scale databases, and that the improved algorithm performs best.
Graph Embedded Pose Clustering for Anomaly Detection

We propose a new method for anomaly detection of human actions. Our method works directly on human pose graphs that can be computed from an input video sequence. This makes the analysis independent of nuisance parameters such as viewpoint or illumination. We map these graphs to a latent space and cluster them. Each action is then represented by its soft-assignment to each of the clusters. This gives a kind of ”bag of words” representation to the data, where every action is represented by its similarity to a group of base action-words. Then, we use a Dirichlet process based mixture, that is useful for handling proportional data such as our soft-assignment vectors, to determine if an action is normal or not. We evaluate our method on two types of data sets. The first is a fine-grained anomaly detection data set (e.g. ShanghaiTech) where we wish to detect unusual variations of some action. The second is a coarse-grained anomaly detection data set (e.g., a Kinetics-based data set) where few actions are considered normal, and every other action should be considered abnormal. Extensive experiments on the benchmarks show that our method1performs considerably better than other state of the art methods.
Cilia oscillations

Cilia, or eukaryotic flagella, are microscopic active filaments expressed on the surface of many eukaryotic cells, from single-celled protozoa to mammalian epithelial surfaces. Cilia are characterized by a highly conserved and intricate internal structure in which molecular motors exert forces on microtubule doublets causing cilia oscillations. The spatial and temporal regulations of this molecular machinery are not well understood. Several theories suggest that geometric feedback control from cilium deformations to molecular activity is needed. Here, we implement a recent sliding control model, where the unbinding of molecular motors is dictated by the sliding motion between microtubule doublets. We investigate the waveforms exhibited by the model cilium, as well as the associated molecular motor dynamics, for hinged and clamped boundary conditions. Hinged filaments exhibit base-to-tip oscillations while clamped filaments exhibit both base-to-tip and tip-to-base oscillations. We report the change in oscillation frequencies and amplitudes as a function of motor activity and sperm number, and we discuss the validity of these results in the context of experimental observations of cilia behaviour. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Unity and diversity of cilia in locomotion and transport’.
Frailty Prevalence in the COMPASS-ND Study of Neurodegenerative Disorders

Background Frailty is characterized by increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. The prevalence of frailty across neurodegenerative disorders (NDD) is largely unknown. Symptoms of frailty and NDD overlap, calling into question a tautology in some frailty instruments. Our objectives were 1) to construct a Frailty Index (FI) independent of NDD symptoms, and 2) to estimate frailty prevalence in a broad NDD cohort using both the Frailty Phenotype (FP) and the constructed FI as measures. Methods Data from the Canadian COMPASS-ND cohort study were assessed for applicability to FI construction. Frailty status according to FI and FP criteria were ascertained for each participant. Results 81 items were selected for the FI. In the cohort (150 participants; 46% women; mean age 73.6±7.0; 10 NDD subgroups), frailty was identified in 11% and 14% of participants according to the FI and FP, respectively. The difference between estimates was not significant. The FP classified most participants (84%) as pre-frail. Conclusion The presence of frailty elements, regardless of whether they are part of NDD, is likely to influence health status. Given the FP identified a large proportion of the cohort as pre-frail or frail, it is likely worthwhile to identify frailty in the context of NDD.
Inhibition of the leucine-rich repeat protein lingo-1 enhances RGC survival in optic nerve injury

Leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain-containing nogo receptor-interacting protein 1 (lingo-1) is selectively expressed on neurons and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and acts as a negative regulator in neural repair, implying a potential role in optic neuropathy. The aim of the present study was to determine whether adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) vector-mediated transfer of lingo-1 short hairpin RNA could reduce nerve crush-induced axonal degeneration and enhance axonal regeneration following optic nerve (ON) injury in vivo. The expression of lingo-1 was knocked down in vivo using a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged AAV2 encoding lingo-1 shRNA via intravitreal injection in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Silencing effects of AAV2-lingo-1-shRNA were confirmed by detecting GFP labelling of RGCs, and by quantifying lingo-1 expression levels with reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Rats received an intravitreal injection of AAV2-lingo-1-shRNA or negative control shRNA. The ON crush (ONC) injury was performed 2 weeks after the intravitreal injection. RGC density, lesion volume of the injured ON and the visual electrophysiology [flash visual evoked potential (F-VEP)] at different time points post-injury were determined. Transduction with lingo-1-shRNA decreased lingo-1 expression levels and promoted RGC survival following ONC. Lingo-1-shRNA promoted ON tissue repair and functional recovery. The mechanism underlying the effect of AAV2-lingo-1-shRNA on RGCs may be the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) at Ser473 and activation of the Akt signaling pathway acting downstream of lingo-1. The results of the current study indicate that the inhibition of lingo-1 may enhance RGC survival and facilitate functional recovery following ON injury, representing a promising potential strategy for the repair of optic neuropathy.
Strategies to Enhance Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a multifaced disease characterized by the acute onset of hypoxemia, worsened pulmonary compliance, and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Despite over five decades of research, specific treatments for established ARDS are still lacking. MSC-based therapies have the advantage of targeting nearly all pathophysiological components of ARDS by means of a variety of secreted trophic factors, exerting anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, and proangiogenic effects, resulting in significant structural and functional recovery following ARDS in various preclinical models. However, the therapeutic efficacy of transplanted MSCs is limited by their poor engraftment and low survival rate in the injured tissues, major barriers to clinical translation. Accordingly, several strategies have been explored to improve MSC retention in the lung and enhance the innate properties of MSCs in preclinical models of ARDS. To provide a comprehensive and updated view, we summarize a large body of experimental evidence for a variety of strategies directed towards strengthening the therapeutic potential of MSCs in ARDS.
Myeloid Sarcoma That Infiltrated a Preexisting Sebaceous Lymphadenoma in the Parotid Gland: Diagnostic Challenges and Literature Review

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rarely encountered extramedullary localized tumor that is composed of immature myeloid cells. We reported an extremely rare case of MS with concurrent bone marrow (BM) involvement that invaded into a preexisting sebaceous lymphadenoma in the parotid gland and neck lymph nodes. Prompted by this case, we also present a literature review of MS invasion into salivary glands. A 62-year-old man was initially diagnosed with carcinoma that arose in a sebaceous lymphadenoma in the parotid gland, through a total parotidectomy with neck dissection. After an extensive histopathological review that included immunohistochemistry, a pathologic diagnosis of MS with infiltration into the sebaceous lymphadenoma with concurrent BM involvement was confirmed. MS is difficult to diagnose accurately; herein, we analyzed the clinical presentations and effectiveness of the various diagnostic methods with a review of the literature. There are 17 cases, including our case, reported in 13 studies. Of the cases in which the salivary glands were affected, 10 involved the parotid gland, six involved the submandibular gland, and one involved both. Isolated invasion of the salivary gland was found in one case of parotid gland invasion and three cases of submandibular gland invasion. In 13 cases, the salivary glands were affected by various other lesions. Although there were no incidences of isolated MS, six patients were diagnosed with secondary MS and eight patients with MS with BM involvement, including this case. The diagnosis of MS is difficult given its rarity, and a high index of suspicion and integrated radiologic and careful histopathologic evaluation are required. Most cases of MS infiltrating the salivary gland might be indicated by the possibility of BM involvement. MS with BM involvement predicts poor prognosis and the need for intensive systemic treatment.
CGRP Reduces Apoptosis of DRG Cells Induced by High-Glucose Oxidative Stress Injury through PI3K/AKT Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 and Nrf-2 Expression

Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, which are sensitive to oxidative stress due to their anatomical and structural characteristics, play a complex role in the initiation and progression of diabetic bladder neuropathy. We investigated the hypothesis that the antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of CGRP may be partly related to the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, thus reducing apoptosis and oxidative stress responses. This study shows that CGRP activates the PI3K/AKT pathway, thereby inducing increased expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 and resulting in the decrease of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels and reduced neuronal apoptosis. These effects were suppressed by LY294002, an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Therefore, regulation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression by the PI3K/AKT pathway plays an important role in the regulation of the antioxidant and antiapoptotic responses in DRG cells in a high-glucose culture model.
White matter microstructure in youth with and at risk for bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder (BD) and familial risk for BD have been associated with aberrant white matter (WM) microstructure in the corpus callosum and fronto‐limbic pathways. These abnormalities might constitute trait or state marker and have been suggested to result from aberrant maturation and to relate to difficulties in emotion regulation.
Prenatal electronic cigarette exposure decreases brain glucose utilization and worsens outcome in offspring hypoxic–ischemic brain injury

It has been shown that prenatal nicotine and tobacco smoke exposure can cause different neurobehavioral disorders in the offspring. We hypothesize that prenatal exposure to nicotine‐containing electronic cigarette (e‐Cig) vapor can predispose newborn to enhanced sensitivity to hypoxic–ischemic (HI) brain injury and impaired motor and cognitive functions. In this study, pregnant CD1 mice were exposed to e‐Cig vapor (2.4% nicotine). Primary cortical neurons isolated from e‐Cig exposed fetus were exposed to oxygen–glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R) to mimic HI brain injury. Cell viability and glucose utilization were analyzed in these neurons. HI brain injury was induced in 8–9‐day‐old pups. Short‐term brain injury was evaluated by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Long‐term motor and cognitive functions were evaluated by open field, novel object recognition, Morris water maze, and foot fault tests. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were done to characterize glucose transporters in offspring brain. We found that e‐Cig exposed neurons demonstrated decreased cell viability and glucose utilization in OGD/R. Prenatally e‐Cig exposed pups also had increased brain injury and edema 24 hr after HI brain injury. Further, in utero e‐Cig exposed offspring with HI brain injury displayed impaired memory, learning, and motor coordination at adolescence. Additionally, the expression of glucose transporters decreased in e‐Cig exposed offspring brain after HI brain injury. These results indicate that reduced glucose utilization can contribute to prenatal e‐Cig exposure induced worsened HI brain injury in offspring. This study is instrumental in elucidating the possible deleterious effects of e‐Cig use in the general population.
Longitudinal 3D Blood Flow Distribution Provided by Diffuse Correlation Tomography during Bone Healing in a Murine Fracture Model

Noninvasive monitoring of vascularization can potentially diagnose impaired bone healing earlier than current radiographic methods. In this study, a noncontact diffuse correlation tomography (DCT) technique was employed to measure longitudinal blood flow changes during bone healing in a murine femoral fracture model. The three‐dimensional distribution of the relative blood flow was quantified from one day pre‐fracture to 48 days post‐fracture. For three mice, frequent DCT measurements were performed every other day for one week after fracture, and then weekly thereafter. A decrease in blood flow was observed in the bone fracture region at one day post‐fracture, followed by a monotonic increase in blood flow beyond the pre‐injury baseline until five to seven days post‐fracture. For the remaining 12 mice, only weekly DCT measurements were performed. Data collected on a weekly basis show the blood flow for most mice was elevated above baseline during the first two post‐fracture weeks, followed by a subsequent decrease. Torsional strength of the excised femurs was measured for all 15 mice after 7 weeks of healing. A metric based on the early blood flow changes shows a statistically significant difference between the high strength group and the low strength group.
PII: S0031-0182(00)00214-5

Stable isotope values and radiocarbon ages were determined for pedogenic carbonate microsamples from relict soils and palaeosols from the Rio Grande Rift region of New Mexico. Carbonate nodules and clusters were sampled from ̄uvial and piedmont soils and palaeosols with widely varying exposure durations (7±900 ky). Pedogenic carbonates from individual soils exhibited irregular relationships between age and depth, ranging in radiocarbon age by #13 ky at individual depths. d O values, and to a lesser extent d C values, likewise had wide ranges within soils. However, comparing the stable isotope values of carbonates with similar radiocarbon ages, within and between soils, revealed consistent trends in stable isotope values over time. d O values of pedogenic carbonates tended to decrease with decreasing age 25±17 radiocarbon ka, and increased with decreasing age ,15 radiocarbon ka, with a marked shift to more positive values at 9±6 ka. Pedogenic carbonates from the piedmont soils showed minimal variation in d C values with either depth or age, although the oldest palaeosol piedmont carbonates (radiocarbon ages of 24.5±19.2 ka) are $11⁄2 more negative than the younger piedmont palaeosol carbonates. Pedogenic carbonates in the relict ̄uvial soil, which has by far the longest exposure period, showed the greatest range in d C values. Comparing the d C values of samples of similar radiocarbon age from the relict ̄uvial soil indicates a transition from a mixed C3:C4 ecosystem at ,11 ka to an effectively pure C3 ecosystem at ,9 ka, followed by a return to mixed vegetation by ,5 ka. Thus, although C4 vegetation persisted in southern New Mexico through the last glaciation, drought-resistant C3 vegetation became dominant at ,9 ka, prior to signi®cant strengthening of the summer monsoon. This study illustrates that the stable isotope values of carbonate nodules and clusters from relict soils and/or slowly buried palaeosols can be used for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions in the context of a detailed chronologic framework. q 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Business group affiliation, price informativeness, and asymmetric corporate disclosure: International Evidence

We provide international evidence that stock price informativeness is lower for business-group affiliated companies than stand-alone ones, especially in cases when the ultimate owner is able to utilize opaque disclosure policy to achieve private gains, when a business group is large and has multiple layers, and in countries with weak legal enforcement. However, we find that stock price informativeness increases down the pyramidal chain where the affiliates at the bottom are more transparent to maximize their growth and investment opportunities. Further, this lower informativeness appears to arise since business-group organizational structure provides insiders with tools to extract rent by managing outside investors’ expectations downwards as evidenced by the lower frequency of negative jumps in returns (news worse than expected) and higher frequency of positive jumps in returns (news better than expected). As a result, the affiliates capture positive unexpected cash flows by hoarding good news.
Nutrisyonel boy kısalığı olan adolesanlarda nutrisyonel destek tedavisinin büyüme faktörleri üzerine etkisi: uzun süreli izlem sonuçları

ÖZ Amaç: Uzun süreli yetersiz nutrisyon alımı çocukluk çağında boy kazanımını negatif olarak etkiler. Bu çalışmanın amacı nutrisyonel boy kısalığı (NBK) tanısı alan adolesanlarda oral nutrisyonel destek ürününün (ONDÜ) büyüme hızı (BH) ve büyüme faktörleri (BF) üzerine olan etkisini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: NBK tanısı alan 16 adolesan çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastalar oral beslenme ile alımlarını kaydetti, kalori açıkları hesaplandı ve açıkları ONDÜ ile tamamlandı. Nutrisyonel destek tedavisinin BH, BF ve büyüme parametreleri üzerine etkisi 0, 6, 12. aylarda değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Olguların 6. ve 12. aylardaki boy kazanımları; 6. aydaki IGF-BP3 artışı; 12. aydaki IGF-1, beden kitle indeksi ve vücut ağırlığı SDS artışı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı saptandı. (p<0.05). Sonuç: Nutrisyonel boy kısalığı olan adolesanlara verilen uzun sureli ONDÜ tedavisi büyüme faktörlerini arttırmaktadır. IGF-1 seviyesindeki artış güvenli sınırlar içerisinde saptanmıştır. Anahtar kelimeler: Nutrisyon tedavisi, boy kısalığı, adolesan ABSTRACT Aim: Long-term insufficient nutrition intake in childhood affects height gain negatively. This study was designed to analyze the effect of oral nutritional support product (ONSP) treatment on growth velocity (GV) and growth factors (GF) in adolescents who were diagnosed nutritional short stature (NSS). Material and Methods: Sixteen adolescents diagnosed NSS were involved. Patients recorded their dietary intake. Caloric deficiencies were calculated and fulfilled with ONSP. Effects of nutritional support treatment on GV, GF and growth parameters were analyzed on 0th, 6th, and 12th months. Results: The increment of the height of the cases on 6th and 12th months, increment of IGFBP3 on 6th month, and the increment of IGF-1 levels, body mass index and weight SDS of the cases on 12th month were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Long-term ONSP treatment, which is given to the adolescents with NSS, increases the growth factors. The increment of IGF-1 levels was in-between secure limits.
REMOVING BIAS FROM GEOCHEMICAL INTERPRETATION: THE APPLICATION OF HYPERGEOMETRIC STATISTICS

As geochemical exploration extends into the 21st century mineral deposits are becoming more difficult to locate. New or rehashed geochemical techniques are being used to aid in the discovery of ore bodies beneath cover. These techniques often claim some sort of advantage over the competition, shown in orientation studies, but often it is difficult to assess the quality of the technique. The technique developer's interpretation of geochemical responses is often biased as they already understand where they expect or hope to get positive responses from their chosen technique. The use of hypergeometric statistics, developed by Stanley (2003), is a simple method to remove some of the interpretational bias and provide an empirical assessment of the techniques employed.
Effects of Ethyl Pyruvate on Bile Duct Ligation-Induced Liver Fibrosis by Regulating Nrf2 Pathway and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Rats

Aim The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of ethyl pyruvate (EP) on experimental liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Material and Method Rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham group, the BDL group, and the BDL+EP group. Liver fibrosis was induced by common bile duct ligation and was evaluated by serum biochemical parameter levels, Masson's trichrome staining, α-SMA expression, and collagen I deposition. The levels of Nrf2 signaling pathway-related antioxidant genes (Nrf2, SOD2, NQO1, and GSH-Px) in liver tissues were also measured. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression levels of HMGB1, IL-1β, TNF-α, and HSP27 were analyzed. In BDL-induced liver fibrosis rats, the successfully established model was confirmed by the significant increase of serum ALT and AST levels, the high liver fibrosis score, α-SMA expression, and collagen deposition. Results Compared with the BDL group, EP administration could diminish fibrosis level and substantially increase the expression of Nrf2 signaling pathway-related antioxidant genes. Furthermore, EP significantly suppressed the mRNA expression levels of HMGB1, IL-1β, TNF-α, and HSP27. Conclusions The results suggested that EP administration could effectively inhibit the liver fibrosis induced by BDL in rat, which may be associated with the enhanced activity of Nrf2 to mediate antioxidant enzyme system and downregulate the inflammatory genes.
Literature Survey on the Simulation and Handling Qualities for Helicopters Operating near Ship Decks

In the following sections, the above items will be discussed in more detail. Thereafter, some examples of past and current projects and research related to or about the above are given. The final section summarizes the topics covered during the literature survey followed by conclusions regarding the importance of the different topics and the advantages and disadvantages of and differences between numerical and analytical blade element modeling.