Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurship Education and Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention in Higher Education

Facing the challenging employment situation and the changing labor market, developing student entrepreneurial intention has attracted significant policy consideration in China. This study describes the background of entrepreneurship education in China’s higher education institutes and explores the influences of entrepreneurship education on student entrepreneurial intention. Using data from a survey on students in China, this study finds that students in different types of institutions and different major fields had a different level of engagement in entrepreneurship education. Further, the higher the level of entrepreneurship education the students received, the stronger their self-efficacy of entrepreneurial decision-making was, and the stronger their entrepreneurial intention was. Student entrepreneurial decision-making self-efficacy played a mediating role between entrepreneurship education and student entrepreneurial intention. We found that entrepreneurship education has a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. Entrepreneurship education course-taking has a positive effect on entrepreneurial decision-making. Furthermore, the positive effect of self-efficacy of entrepreneurial decision-making on entrepreneurial intention was also confirmed. We also found that self-efficacy of entrepreneurial decision-making played the significant role of mediator between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention. The findings also showed a difference between the current China context and the western context that taking entrepreneurship-related classes had more considerable influences on student entrepreneurial intention than entrepreneurship-related practicum. We discuss the implications of the improvement of higher education in China and relevance to other contexts.
Risk evaluation for C2C E‐commerce via an improved credit counting method

E‐commerce has become a popular way for shopping, especially during the Covid‐19 pandemic. The key of the E‐commerce is the credit evaluation, for instance the client to client (C2C) mode E‐commerce. In this paper, an improved credit scoring method is proposed. The improved credit scoring method uses the interval distribution of commodity prices to add points for successful transactions and deduct points for failed transactions by using credit grade deduction coefficients and credit level, which can solve credit hype and periodic deception. Through the analysis of credit risk, a risk calculation method for online transactions is designed by using the improved credit scoring model. The proposed risk calculation method can evaluate the risk of current transactions based on historical transaction conditions and current transaction prices. The simulated experiments show that the improved credit scoring method has better anti‐credit speculation and periodic deception effects, and the risk assessment method is more accurate and effective for risk analysis and prediction in C2C E‐commerce transactions.
WhatsApp as a medium to collect qualitative data among adolescents: lessons learned and considerations for future use

In the field of adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH), candid youth perspectives are necessary for understanding the nuances surrounding contraceptive access and use. Methods of data collection leveraging technological solutions may provide avenues for increased privacy for adolescents. With the use of WhatsApp and other smartphone-based messaging applications as platforms for qualitative methodologies, public health researchers may find increased access to adolescents through utilizing mediums that adolescents already engage with in their daily lives. This article describes the use of WhatsApp as a data collection methodology with adolescents in Malawi. In June 2018, VillageReach used WhatsApp to conduct focus group discussions (FGD) to collect qualitative data on contraceptive use from Malawian youth. WhatsApp FGD participants were male and female adolescents, aged 15-19 representing rural and urban populations across three geographic regions of Malawi (northern, central and southern). Youth researchers (YR), aged 22-25, were trained and facilitated fifteen WhatsApp FGDs, as in-person (12) and remote (3) sessions. WhatsApp FGDs consisted of a YR sharing fictitious but contextually realistic ASRH scenarios, and managing the virtual discussion with questions and probing. Youth indicated comfort using WhatsApp to express their opinions and experiences related to contraceptive use and preferences. Based on the data collected, the researchers felt that use of the technology may increase willingness to provide additional levels of information during anonymized WhatsApp FGDs vis à vis traditional, in-person FGDs. Using WhatsApp as a methodological tool to facilitate FGDs has practical implications for data collection, data quality and data analysis. This paper reports lessons learned as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using WhatsApp to conduct FGDs in a low-resource setting. It also calls for developing guidelines and an ethical code of conduct for the future use of mobile applications for conducting qualitative research with vulnerable populations.
AyaTEC

The absence of publicly available reusable test collections for Arabic question answering on the Holy Qur’an has impeded the possibility of fairly comparing the performance of systems in that domain. In this article, we introduce AyaTEC, a reusable test collection for verse-based question answering on the Holy Qur’an, which serves as a common experimental testbed for this task. AyaTEC includes 207 questions (with their corresponding 1,762 answers) covering 11 topic categories of the Holy Qur’an that target the information needs of both curious and skeptical users. To the best of our effort, the answers to the questions (each represented as a sequence of verses) in AyaTEC were exhaustive—that is, all qur’anic verses that directly answered the questions were exhaustively extracted and annotated. To facilitate the use of AyaTEC in evaluating the systems designed for that task, we propose several evaluation measures to support the different types of questions and the nature of verse-based answers while integrating the concept of partial matching of answers in the evaluation.
Novel intracellular bacteria with unusual lifestyles and unique feature

Die meisten Eukaryonten sind eng mit Bakterien assoziiert, die entweder als Mutualisten oder als Pathogene auftreten. Amoben stellen ein ideales Modellsystem dar, um das Zusammenspiel zwischen Wirt und Symbiont zu untersuchen. Diese Einzeller tragenhaufig Bakterien in sich, welche sich nahezu ausschlieslich im Wirtszytoplasma vermehren. In der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit zeigen wir, dass auch Bakterien die den Zellkern ihres Wirtes infizieren uberraschend haufig vorkommen, sie zu vier grosen bakteriellen taxonomischen Gruppen gehoren und eine Vielzahl an verschiedenen Eukaryonten infizieren konnen. Wir beschreiben die Entdeckung eines neuartigen Alphaproteobakteriums, welches im Suswasser und im Boden vorkommt und gezielt den Zellkern von Amoben infiziert. Obwohl das Bakterium keinen schadigenden Einfluss auf Hartmannellen als den originalen Wirt hat, lysiert es Acanthamoben. Das 1.84 Megabasenpaare grose Genom des Symbionten enthalt eine Ansammlung an Genen die im Zusammenhang mit Wirtsinteraktion und Virulenz gebracht werden konnen, wie zum Beispiel drei Nukleotidtransporter, Typ IV Pili, eine Kapsel bestuckt mit Sialinsauren, ein Flagellum, ein Typ VI Sekretionssystem und eine Vielzahl an moglichen Nukleomodulinen. Die Analyse des Proteoms infizierter und uninfizierter Zellkerne konnte des Weiteren zeigen, dass viele der vorhergesagten makromolekularen Strukturen und Effektoren tatsachlich exprimiert werden und dass die Infektion des Zellkerns einen starken Einfluss auf grundlegende Vorgange in der Wirtszelle hat, wie zum Beispiel auf Transkription, Translation und Signaltransduktion. Neben diesem obligaten Kernsymbionten wurden im Rahmen der Doktorarbeit auch der Infektionsprozess und das Genom eines intrazytoplasmatischen Amobensymbionten untersucht. Dieses Bakterium weist ebenfalls viele einzigartige Merkmale auf, wie zum Beispiel drei verschiedene Typ IV Sekretionssysteme, eine nie zuvor beobachtete Vielzahl an moglichen Effektorproteinen und ein Flagellum. Daruber hinaus beschreiben wir zwei neuartige Gammaproteobakterien die aus marinen Habitaten stammen und Amoben infizieren. Einer der beiden Symbionten vermehrt sich im perinuklearen Raum seines Wirtes und stellt dadurch ein weiteres Beispiel fur Bakterien dar, die sich den Zellkern als Nische ausgesucht haben. Insgesamt gesehen tragt diese Arbeit zu unser Verstandnis uber Evolution und Anpassung von Bakterien an das intrazellulare Leben bei.
Ecosystem‐Level Energy and Water Budgets Are Resilient to Canopy Mortality in Sparse Semiarid Biomes

Climate‐driven woody vegetation mortality is a defining feature of semiarid biomes that drives fundamental changes in ecosystem structure. However, the observed impacts of woody mortality on ecosystem‐scale energy and water budgets and the responses of surviving vegetation are highly variable among studies in water‐limited environments. A previous girdling manipulation experiment in a piñon‐juniper woodland suggested that although ecosystem‐scale evapotranspiration was not altered by large‐scale piñon mortality, soil water content decreased and the surviving juniper experienced greater water stress than juniper in an undisturbed woodland. Here we experimentally explored to what extent mortality‐induced changes in energy balance components can explain these results. We compared energy fluxes measured above two adjacent piñon‐juniper woodlands where piñon girdling was implemented at one site and the other subsequently experienced large‐scale natural piñon mortality. We found that the mortality‐induced decrease in canopy area was not sufficient to alter surface reflectance, roughness, and partitioning between energy budget components at both sites. A radiative transfer model estimated that because of the sparse premortality canopy, surface reflectance is more sensitive to a large increase in understory leaf area than further loss of crown area. Increased water stress in the remaining juniper following both mortality events can be explained by an increase in radiation on the ground that promoted higher soil temperature and evaporation. We found similar responses of ecosystem and tree‐level functions to both girdling and natural mortality. This suggests that girdling is an appropriate approach to explore the impact of tree mortality on ecosystem structure, function, and energy balance.
A Study on the Proper Selection of Ecological Habitat for the Wild Radiation of Crested ibis(Nipponia Nippon)

This study aims to select the radiated area for the wild grazing of Crested ibis(Nipponia Nippon) in 2017 and develop a best-fit models for the wild grazing candidate area and dispersed area based on the existing restoration center in Gyeongnam area. According to the restoration policy of the endangered species Crested ibis, the regions that have a high suitability index are selected. In order to increase genetic diversity and prevent massive bird flu outbreaks, designating protection area for Crested ibis is necessary and it is recommended to release them in a geographically dispersed manner. As a result, the data obtained from the Crested ibis releasing could be shared with other restoration centers and also used as a basic data for the conservation of other endangered species in the entire Korea Peninsula.
Optical coherence tomography-based tissue dynamics imaging for longitudinal and drug response evaluation of tumor spheroids.

We present optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based tissue dynamics imaging method to visualize and quantify tissue dynamics such as subcellular motion based on statistical analysis of rapid-time-sequence OCT signals at the same location. The analyses include logarithmic intensity variance (LIV) method and two types of OCT correlation decay speed analysis (OCDS). LIV is sensitive to the magnitude of the signal fluctuations, while OCDSs including early- and late-OCDS (OCDS e and OCDS l , respectively) are sensitive to the fast and slow tissue dynamics, respectively. These methods were able to visualize and quantify the longitudinal necrotic process of a human breast adenocarcinoma spheroid and its anti-cancer drug response. Additionally, the effects of the number of OCT signals and the total acquisition time on dynamics imaging are examined. Small number of OCT signals, e.g., five or nine suffice for dynamics imaging when the total acquisition time is suitably long.
渦鞭毛藻Prorocentrum limaの毒の主成分PL toxin-IIの単離と同定

Two diethyl ether soluble toxins (PL toxin-I, II) and one 1-butanol soluble toxin (PL toxin-III) were isolated from a benthic marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. The major toxic component, PL toxin-II, was purified by several steps of column chromatography to yield colorless crystals: mp. 156-158°C, [α]20D+23° Physical and chemical data pointed to a molecular formula C44H68O13 having four hydroxyls, one carboxyl, seven ether linkages, three olefins, and five methyls in the molecule. A further examination of its properties and a comparison with an authentic specimen established that PL toxin-II is identical with okadaic acid, recently isolated as a cytotoxic component of two sponges Halichondria okadai and H. melanodocia.
The Variation of Microbial Communities in a Depth Profile of Peat in the Gahai Lake Wetland Natural Conservation Area

ABSTRACT The Gahai Lake wetland natural conservation area in northwestern China includes peatland that has been accumulating over hundreds of years and is seldom disturbed by industry. Bacteria and archaea in peat soil, which is a reservoir for carbon and water, may influence its ecological function. The objective of this study was to obtain a clearer understanding of peat microbial ecology and its relationship to the environmental conditions of this area. Hence, the microbial community of the peatland ecosystem was investigated by sequencing bacterial and archaeal DNA extracted from samples collected at different peat depths. Results showed that in all samples the dominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria (relative abundance 0.39 ± 0.12) and Chloroflexi (0.16 ± 0.09), while the dominant archaeal phyla were Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group (MCG) (0.62 ± 0.21) and Euryarchaeota (0.27 ± 0.16). The diversity and microbial community structure at deeper depths (90 and 120 cm below the peat surface) significantly differ from that at shallower depths (10, 30 and 50 cm deep). In contrast to the shallow layers, the deeper layers became more abundant in the bacterial phyla Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Atribacteria, Aminicenantes, Chlorobi, TA06, Caldiserica and Spirochaetae; and in the archaeal phyla MCG and Miscellaneous Euryarchaeotic Group (MEG). This study revealed a significant shift in microbial community in peat between 50 cm and 90 cm deep, as probably influenced by the oxygen supply at different depths. Furthermore, new insights into the microbial taxa were obtained, thus providing a baseline for future studies of this peat ecosystem.
Composting Process and Gas Emissions during Food Waste Composting under the Effect of Different Additives

This study investigated the effects of adding mature compost (MC) and vermicompost (VC) on controlling gas emissions and compost quality during food waste (FW) composting. In addition to a control treatment (only food waste), four treatments were designed to mix the initial FW with varying rates of MC and VC (5.0% and 7.5%). The composting process was monitored for 84 days. Results indicate that the addition of MC and VC resulted in higher temperature, prolonged the thermophilic stage and reduced NH3 and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Compared to the control, the loss of NH3-N was decreased by 29–69%, and the global warming impact was also mitigated by 49–61%. The largest reductions in NH3 and global warming potential (GWP) were found for 7.5% VC and 5% MC, respectively. The treatments with additives more rapidly achieved the required maturity value. This research suggests that the addition of 7.5% MC and VC is suitable for food waste composting.
Audio-Visual Tensor Fusion Network for Piano Player Posture Classification

Playing the piano in the correct position is important because the correct position helps to produce good sound and prevents injuries. Many studies have been conducted in the field of piano playing posture recognition that combines various techniques. Most of these techniques are based on analyzing visual information. However, in the piano education field, it is essential to utilize audio information in addition to visual information due to the deep relationship between posture and sound. In this paper, we propose an audio-visual tensor fusion network (simply, AV-TFN) for piano performance posture classification. Unlike existing studies that used only visual information, the proposed method uses audio information to improve the accuracy in classifying the postures of professional and amateur pianists. For this, we first introduce a dataset called C3Pap (Classic piano performance postures of amateur and professionals) that contains actual piano performance videos in diverse environments. Furthermore, we propose a data structure that represents audio-visual information. The proposed data structure represents audio information on the color scale and visual information on the black and white scale for representing relativeness between them. We call this data structure an audio-visual tensor. Finally, we compare the performance of the proposed method with state-of-the-art approaches: VN (Visual Network), AN (Audio Network), AVN (Audio-Visual Network) with concatenation and attention techniques. The experiment results demonstrate that AV-TFN outperforms existing studies and, thus, can be effectively used in the classification of piano playing postures.
Vibration suppression for large-scale flexible structures based on cable-driven parallel robots

Specific satellites with ultralong wings play a crucial role in many fields. However, external disturbance and self-rotation could result in undesired vibrations of the flexible wings, which affect the normal operation of the satellites. In severe cases, the satellites would be damaged. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct vibration suppression for these flexible structures. Utilizing fuzzy-proportional integral derivative control and deep reinforcement learning (DRL), two active control methods are proposed in this article to rapidly suppress the vibration of flexible structures with quite small controllable force based on a cable-driven parallel robot. Inspired by the output law of DRL, a new control method named Tang and Sun control is innovatively presented based on the Lyapunov theory. To verify the effectiveness of these three control methods, three groups of simulations with different initial disturbances are implemented for each method. Besides, to enhance the contrast, a passive pretightening scheme is also tested. First, the dynamic model of the cable-driven parallel robot which comprises four cables and a flexible structure is established using the finite element method. Then, the dynamic behavior of the model under the controllable cable force is analyzed by the Newmark-ß method. Finally, these control methods are implemented by numerical simulations to evaluate their performance, and the results are satisfactory, which validates the controllers’ ability to suppress vibrations.
Phylogenetic relationships within the Mexican genus Bakerantha (Hechtioideae, Bromeliaceae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA: Implications for taxonomy

Bakerantha is one of the three genera of subfamily Hechtioideae (Bromeliaceae). This genus was re‐established recently, and it currently contains four species (B. caerulea, B. lundelliorum, B. purpusii, and B. tillandsioides), which are distributed throughout the central region of Mexico. Bakerantha tillandsioides has the widest geographical distribution of the four species, and some populations currently referred to it do not match the species description. In this study, we used extensive sampling (81 accessions) of four plastid regions (matK, rpl32‐trnL, rps16‐trnK, and ycf1) and the nuclear PRK gene to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships and delimit the species boundaries in Bakerantha. Our results confirm the monophyly of Bakerantha, and the species delimitation analysis supports five evolutionary lineages within Bakerantha, showing that B. tillandsioides is nonmonophyletic as currently circumscribed. Diagnostic characters and coherent geographical distributions support the five lineages. On the basis of our results, we describe and illustrate B. hidalguense as a new species and provide evidence that B. caerulea is morphologically and ecologically different from B. tillandsioides, with which it has been confused in the past. Additionally, we provide a morphological key to the Bakerantha species.
Electrode materials based on complex d-metal oxides for symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells

The review addresses and highlights the main results of research on the physicohemical properties of single-phase and composite materials based on transition metal oxides in relation to their practical application as electrode materials for symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells. The electronic structures and thermodynamic stability of transition metal oxides with the perovskite structure are discussed. A detailed consideration is given to the thermal behaviour, chemical stability, electrical conductivity and electrochemical properties of a broad range of electrode materials based on iron-, chromium- and manganese-containing perovskite-like oxides and oxides that crystallize in other structure types. The analysis revealed the most promising compositions of electrode materials for symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells and effective approaches to the improvement of their functional characteristics. The bibliography includes 202 references.
The Role of Plant Hormones in Fruit Development

Starting with the initiation of the ovary primordium, a coordinate study of the hormonal relationships in fruit growth has been attempted with fruits attached on the plants and also by the new technique of in vitro culture. Several phases were recognized in the ontogeny of a fruit. To be able to initiate flower primordia the plant has first to enter a reproductive condition. The formation of ovary primordia was studied in some cucurbits, in which it was found that the environment profoundly influences the apparition of female vs. male flowers. It has been concluded that these environmental factors regulate the length of successive phases in cucurbit flowering. Once initiated, the ovary enlarges regularly, mainly by cell division until anthesis. If pollination is prevented, ovary growth ceases at this stage, and there is indication that the auxin level of the flower decreases. The ovary then shrinks or drops off the plant. Flower abscission is prevented and growth is stimulated by the pollen which performs these effects mainly by increasing the auxin level of the ovary, partly at least through an enzymatic mechanism. After fertilization fruit growth is controlled by the developing seeds which release large quantities of auxin, the latter apparently manufactured in the endosperm. Thus, auxin has been found to affect any stage of fruit development.