Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Construction of Gene Targeting Vectors from λKOS Genomic Libraries

We describe a highly redundant murine genomic library in a new λ phage, λ knockout shuttle (λKOS) that facilitates the very rapid construction of replacement-type gene targeting vectors. The library consists of 94 individually amplified subpools, each containing an average of 40 000 independent genomic clones. The subpools are arrayed into a 96-well format that allows a PCR-based efficient recovery of independent genomic clones. The λKOS vector backbone permits the CRE-mediated conversion into high-copy number pKOS plasmids, wherein the genomic inserts are automatically flanked by negative-selection cassettes. The λKOS vector system exploits the yeast homologous recombination machinery to simplify the construction of replacement-type gene targeting vectors independent of restriction sites within the genomic insert. We outline procedures that allow the generation of simple and more sophisticated conditional gene targeting vectors within 3–4 weeks, beginning with the screening of the λKOS genomic library.
THE MAGNESIUM ISOTOPOLOGUES OF MgH IN THE A2Π–X2Σ+ SYSTEM

Using laboratory hollow cathode spectra we have identified lines of the less common magnesium isotopologues of MgH, 25MgH and 26MgH, in the A2Π–X2Σ+ system. Based on the previous analysis of 24MgH, molecular lines have been measured and molecular constants derived for 25MgH and 26MgH. Term values and linelists, in both wavenumber and wavelength units, are presented. The A2Π–X2Σ+ system of MgH is important for measuring the magnesium isotope ratios in stars. Examples of analysis using the new linelists to derive the Mg isotope ratio in a metal poor dwarf and giant are shown.
Matching Points and Identity

Recently introduced versions of the Borsuk-Ulam theorem (BUT) state that a feature on a n-manifold projects to two features with matching description onto a n+1 manifold. Starting from this rather simple “abstract” claim, a fruitful general framework has been built, able to elucidate disparate “real” physical and biological phenomena, from quantum entanglement, to brain activity, from gauge theories to pre- big bang scenarios. One of the main concerns of such a topological approach to systems features is that it talks in rather general terms, leaving apart the peculiar features of individuals and of single physical and biological processes. In order to tackle this issue, in this brief note we ask: what does it mean “matching description”? has matching description anything to do with “identity”?
Overpriced Winners

A strong increase in a firm’s market price over the past year is generally associated with higher future abnormal returns, consistent with the momentum anomaly. However, for a small set of firms for which arbitrage is limited, high past returns forecast strongly negative future abnormal returns. We propose a dynamic model in which increased unwarranted optimism by a set of speculators leads to dynamic mispricing effects. Consistent with this model, we show a set of firms with high past returns, low institutional ownership, and high recent changes in short interest earns persistently low returns going forward. A “Betting Against Winners” strategy that goes short the overpriced winners and long other winners generates a Sharpe-ratio of 1.08; its returns cannot be explained by commonly used risk-factors.
Dengue in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia , 1994-2002 by

Dengue virus (DEN-2) was first isolated from a fatal case of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) in an adult in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in 1994. A surveillance system for dengue was established in 1994 and since then clinical, virological, serological and RT-PCR techniques were used to confirm dengue cases and, as a guide, to implement vector control measures in risk areas. During February 1994-December 2002, a total of 1,020 suspected clinical cases were examined by laboratory methods. Dengue virus infection was confirmed in 319 (31.3%) cases, 209 by virus isolation and the rest by serological techniques. DEN-2, DEN-1 and DEN-3 were detected between 1994 and 2002 in that order of frequency. Using IgG immunofluorescent assay or haemagglutination– inhibition (HI) test, the prevalence of dengue reactive antibodies in the suspected group was confirmed in 515 (50.5%) of the 1,020 samples tested. The application of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on culture-positive blood samples gave a specificity and sensitivity of 100% and allowed rapid diagnosis within one day. All cases that were diagnosed by laboratory methods as dengue had leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and elevated liver enzymes, ALT-AST. There were only two fatal cases; one of dengue haemorrhagic fever and another of dengue shock syndrome. It can be said that: (i) three dengue serotypes (DEN 1, 2 and 3) were detected in Jeddah; (ii) nearly all cases were non-complicated, 99.4% of them were of dengue fever; (iii) prevalence of dengue antibodies was in 50.5% of all suspected cases; and (iv) RT-PCR is a rapid, sensitive and effective method for diagnosis. Limited rains, active case-finding and effective anti-mosquito measures helped to bring the disease under control and were probably responsible for the very small numbers of new indigenous dengue cases after the 1994 outbreak.
A pr 2 00 4 Time-oscillating Lyapunov modes and autocorrelation functions for quasi-one-dimensional systems

The time-dependent structure of the Lyapunov vectors corresponding to the steps of Lyapunov spectra and their basis set representation are discussed for a quasi-one-dimensional many-hard-disk systems. Time-oscillating behavior is observed in two types of Lyapunov modes, one associated with the time translational invariance and another with the spatial translational invariance, and their phase relation is specified. It is shown that the longest period of the Lyapunov modes is twice as long as the period of the longitudinal momentum auto-correlation function. A simple explanation for this relation is proposed. This result gives the first quantitative connection between the Lyapunov modes and an experimentally accessible quantity.
FPGA Design Automation: A Survey

Design automation or computer-aided design (CAD) for field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) has played a critical role in the rapid advancement and adoption of FPGA technology over the past two decades. The purpose of this paper is to meet the demand for an up-to-date comprehensive survey/tutorial for FPGA design automation, with an emphasis on the recent developments within the past 5-10 years. The paper focuses on the theory and techniques that have been, or most likely will be, reduced to practice. It covers all major steps in FPGA design flow which includes: routing and placement, circuit clustering, technology mapping and architecture-specific optimization, physical synthesis, RT-level and behavior-level synthesis, and power optimization. We hope that this paper can be used both as a guide for beginners who are embarking on research in this relatively young yet exciting area, and a useful reference for established researchers in this field.
Collision or collusion? A discussion and case study of the unplanned triangulation of quantitative and qualitative research methods

In recent years there has been a growth of interest in breaking down the divisions between qualitative and quantitative research. However, although examples of multi-method studies now abound, there has been little discussion within the literature about the empirical and theoretical challenges that such eclecticism can pose. This article provides an example of a multi-method investigation into social scientists and their media relations wherein qualitative and quantitative findings appeared to contradict each other, and describes how the authors sought to explain and accommodate these discrepancies. Using this case study, they argue that it is incumbent on all researchers committed to the integration of research methods to deal with any differences that may emerge, rather than to resort to selective, epistemic prioritization as a get-out clause.
Charm: Facilitating Dynamic Analysis of Device Drivers of Mobile Systems

Mobile systems, such as smartphones and tablets, incorporate a diverse set of I/O devices, such as camera, audio devices, GPU, and sensors. This in turn results in a large number of diverse and customized device drivers running in the operating system kernel of mobile systems. These device drivers contain various bugs and vulnerabilities, making them a top target for kernel exploits [78]. Unfortunately, security analysts face important challenges in analyzing these device drivers in order to find, understand, and patch vulnerabilities. More specifically, using the state-of-the-art dynamic analysis techniques such as interactive debugging, fuzzing, and record-and-replay for analysis of these drivers is difficult, inefficient, or even completely inaccessible depending on the analysis. In this paper, we present Charm1, a system solution that facilitates dynamic analysis of device drivers of mobile systems. Charm’s key technique is remote device driver execution, which enables the device driver to execute in a virtual machine on a workstation. Charm makes this possible by using the actual mobile system only for servicing the low-level and infrequent I/O operations through a low-latency and customized USB channel. Charm does not require any specialized hardware and is immediately available to analysts. We show that it is feasible to apply Charm to various device drivers, including camera, audio, GPU, and IMU sensor drivers, in different mobile systems, including LG Nexus 5X, Huawei Nexus 6P, and Samsung Galaxy S7. In an extensive evaluation, we show that Charm enhances the usability of fuzzing of device drivers, enables record-andreplay of driver’s execution, and facilitates detailed vulnerability analysis. Altogether, these capabilities have enabled us to find 25 bugs in device drivers, analyze 3 existing ones, and even build an arbitrary-code-execution kernel exploit using one of them. 1Charm is open sourced: https://trusslab.github. io/charm/
Continuous‐Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Gaussian Modulation—The Theory of Practical Implementations

Quantum key distribution (QKD) using weak coherent states and homodyne detection is a promising candidate for practical quantum‐cryptographic implementations due to its compatibility with existing telecom equipment and high detection efficiencies. However, despite the actual simplicity of the protocol, the security analysis of this method is rather involved compared to discrete‐variable QKD. This article reviews the theoretical foundations of continuous‐variable quantum key distribution (CV‐QKD) with Gaussian modulation and rederives the essential relations from scratch in a pedagogical way. The aim of this paper is to be as comprehensive and self‐contained as possible in order to be well intelligible even for readers with little pre‐knowledge on the subject. Although the present article is a theoretical discussion of CV‐QKD, its focus lies on practical implementations, taking into account various kinds of hardware imperfections and suggesting practical methods to perform the security analysis subsequent to the key exchange. Apart from a review of well‐known results, this manuscript presents a set of new original noise models which are helpful to get an estimate of how well a given set of hardware will perform in practice.
Distributed Graph Algorithms and their Complexity: An Introduction

Distributed graph algorithms are the methods for solving graph problems defined over networks of computers, where each vertex is a computing entity (i.e., process) and an edge is a communication link between two processes. This introductory survey presents a brief outline, several important concepts, and the fundamental complexity study of distributed graph algorithms. For a number of standard problems such as the shortest path and the coloring, we spotlight their inherent difficulties and challenges.
EXOGENOUS INPUT RECONSTRUCTION FOR NONLINEAR 1 SYSTEMS USING SLIDING MODE OBSERVERS AND SMOOTH 2 WINDOW FUNCTIONS

Abstract. While sliding mode observers (SMOs) using discontinuous relays are widely analyzed, 9 most SMOs are implemented computationally using a continuous approximation of the discontin10 uous relays. This results in the formation of a boundary layer in a neighborhood of the sliding 11 manifold in the observer error space. In this paper, a convex programming method for constructing 12 boundary-layer SMOs (BL-SMOs) is presented for a wide class of nonlinear systems characterized 13 by incremental quadratic constraints. Specifically, the observer gains are computed by solving a 14 set of linear matrix inequalities and ultimate bounds on the state of a synthetic descriptor system. 15 A novel application of filtering using smooth window functions (SWFs) is leveraged to reconstruct 16 the unknown exogenous inputs to prescribed accuracy. Two numerical examples are presented to 17 illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. 18
B Cells Solicit Their O w n Help from T Cells By Brigitta Stockinger , *

We have made use o f T cell receptor (TCtk)-transgenic mice with CD4 + T cells expressing a receptor specific for the self-antigen C5 (fifth component of complement) to study the role of different antigen-presenting cells in the determination o f C D 4 + T cell effector type. Contact of T cells from C5 TCK-transgenic mice with C5 protein or C5 peptide in vivo or in vitro induces biased T helper cell (Th) 1 type responses resulting in exclusive production of high levels of interferon ~/ and interleukin (IL) 2. Transgenic mice, in contrast to nontransgenic httermates, do not generate an antibody response to C5. We show in this paper that B cell presentation in vitro induces a switch to the Th2 subset indicated by production of IL-4, and targetting C5 to B cells in vivo results in the generation of C5-specific antibodies.
A one-sample test for normality with kernel methods

We propose a new one-sample test for normality in a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS). Namely, we test the null-hypothesis of belonging to a given family of Gaussian distributions. Hence our procedure may be applied either to test data for normality or to test parameters (mean and covariance) if data are assumed Gaussian. Our test is based on the same principle as the MMD (Maximum Mean Discrepancy) which is usually used for two-sample tests such as homogeneity or independence testing. Our method makes use of a special kind of parametric bootstrap (typical of goodness-of-fit tests) which is computationally more efficient than standard parametric bootstrap. Moreover, an upper bound for the Type-II error highlights the dependence on influential quantities. Experiments illustrate the practical improvement allowed by our test in high-dimensional settings where common normality tests are known to fail. We also consider an application to covariance rank selection through a sequential procedure.
CacheCloud: Towards Speed-of-light Datacenter Communication

The network is continuing to advance unabated, with 100Gb/s Ethernet already a commercial reality, and now 400Gb/s in the standardization process. Within a single rack, inter-server latency will soon be in the range of 250ns, trending ever closer towards the fundamental propagation delay of light in a fiber. In this paper we argue that in this environment, a major performance bottleneck is DRAM latency, which has stagnated at 100ns per access. Consequently, data should be kept entirely in the CPU cache which has an order of magnitude lower latency and RAM should be considered a slower backing store. We describe the implications of designing a “speed of light” datacenter network stack that can keep up with ever increasing link speeds with the goal of keeping latency as close to the speed of light propagation time as possible.
Foramen Ovale in an Animal Model Microelectromechanical Systems Device for Tissue Manipulation and Approximation : Percutaneous Steerable Robotic Tool Delivery Platform and Metal

Yamauchi, Eric N. Feins, Chris R. Folk, Adam L. Cohen, Richard Chen, David Zurakowski, Nikolay V. Vasilyev, Andrew H. Gosline, Evan Butler, Nora Lang, Patrick J. Codd, Haruo Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale in an Animal Model Microelectromechanical Systems Device for Tissue Manipulation and Approximation: Percutaneous Steerable Robotic Tool Delivery Platform and Metal Print ISSN: 1941-7640. Online ISSN: 1941-7632 Copyright © 2013 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions doi: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.112. 000324 2013;6:468-475; originally published online July 30, 2013; Circ Cardiovasc Interv. http://circinterventions.ahajournals. org/content/6/4/468 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the
Title Amygdala responses to emotionally valenced stimuli in older and younger adults

As they age, adults experience less negative emotion, come to pay less attention to negative than to positive emotional stimuli, and become less likely to remember negative than positive emotional materials. This profile of findings suggests that, with age, the amygdala may show decreased reactivity to negative information while maintaining or increasing its reactivity to positive information. We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess whether amygdala activation in response to positive and negative emotional pictures changes with age. Both older and younger adults showed greater activation in the amygdala for emotional than for neutral pictures; however, for older adults, seeing positive pictures led to greater amygdala activation than seeing negative pictures, whereas this was not the case for younger adults. Older adults experience less negative affect than younger adults in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies (Carstensen, Pasupathi, Mayr, & Nesselroade, 2000; Charles, Reynolds, & Gatz, 2001; Gross et al., 1997; Mroczek, 2001). The improved affective experience seen in old age stands in sharp contrast to the many physical and cognitive declines associated with aging. This improved emotional experience may be associated with changes in the way emotional information is initially processed and later remembered. For example, when pairs of faces are presented, older adults are less likely to attend to negative than to neutral or positive faces (Mather & Carstensen, 2003). Whether remembering pictures, options related to a recent decision, or their own emotional experiences, older adults remember relatively less emotionally negative information and relatively more emotionally positive information compared with younger adults (Charles, Mather, & Carstensen, 2003; Fung & Carstensen, 2003; Levine & Bluck, 1997; Mather, 2003; Mather & Johnson, 2000). It is unknown what neural mechanisms might be associated with these age-associated changes in emotion processing. Because of its central role in emotional attention and memory, however, the amygdala is a region of particular interest (Adolphs, 2002; Cahill et al., 1996; Canli, Zhao, Brewer, Gabrieli, & Cahill, 2000; Hamann, Ely, Hoffman, & Kilts, 2002). With age, the amygdala may show decreased reactivity to negative information while maintaining or increasing its reactivity to positive information.
Estandarización de una batería para la evaluación de factores de riesgo psicosociales laborales en trabajadores colombianos.

A battery of questionnaires to assess psychosocial risk factors at work was developed in 2010 in response to Resolution 2646 created by the Colombian Ministry of Social Protection. However, this battery presents some theoretical and practical limitations. A new battery of instruments has been designed and validated that includes instruments and risk indicators of the demand-control-social support and the effort-reward imbalance models. Other factors, not included in these models, but that Resolution 2646 suggests should be assessed, have also been added, and with this additional information, the new battery allows us to also calculate a “global indicator” of demand, control, and social support; family and social risk conditions, coping and personality; and health and wellbeing. The new battery was administered to a sample of 16,095 workers from different occupations and representative Colombian regions. An analysis of the various domains indicates that internal consistency of the various scales is high. The new battery has the following properties: it is simple to use in paper format or when administered by computer, it enables comparison between occupations, it offers unified scores for each variable, and provides information to assess the risk factors suggested by Resolution 2646. In addition, it will make it possible to compare the results obtained when analyzing Colombian workers with those obtained from studies of workers from other countries.
No . 601 LEARNING , LIQUIDITY PREFERENCE , AND BUSINESS CYCLE

This paper examines a mechanism of liquidity-preference fluctuations caused by changes in people’s belief about a random liquidity shock. When observing the shock, they rationally update their belief so that the shock probability is higher; consequently they raise liquidity preference and reduce consumption. As the period without the shock lasts, they become more optimistic so that they gradually lower liquidity preference and increase consumption. The recovery pattern depends on the realized frequency of the shock: when the shock occurs many times in succession, the consumption recovery is first slow, gradually accelerates and eventually slows down, tracing an ‘S’-shaped curve. JEL Classifications: D83, E41, E32
Análise das oportunidades de diagnóstico precoce para as neoplasias malignas de mama

OBJETIVOS: O estudo procurou identificar e analisar as oportunidades de diagnostico precoce para neoplasias malignas de mama, disponiveis para as mulheres do municipio de Botucatu. METODOS: Foram entrevistadas por telefone, segundo sorteio aleatorio, 261 mulheres com idade de 30 anos ou mais. RESULTADOS: A media de idade foi de 51 anos e 49,45% das entrevistadas apresentaram escolaridade de nove anos ou mais; 80% receberam orientacoes gerais sobre prevencao do câncer de mama e 86,9% orientacoes especificas sobre autopalpacao; 78,9% das mulheres realizaram o auto-exame das mamas e destas somente 27% o fizeram corretamente. O exame clinico das mamas foi realizado em 76,2% das entrevistadas e a mamografia em 35,6%; se o exame de mamografia fosse solicitado por medicos e estivesse disponivel, 83,1% das mulheres estariam dispostas a realiza-lo. CONCLUSAO: A prevalencia e a mortalidade da doenca sao maiores nas mulheres idosas. Neste estudo observou-se que estas apresentaram uma taxa menor de oportunidades de diagnostico precoce, pois eram menos informadas sobre a periodicidade correta da autopalpacao e apresentaram uma menor frequencia de mamografia e de exame clinico das mamas do que as mais jovens. O grau de escolaridade mostrou tambem significância estatistica, visto que as mulheres com mais anos de estudo tiveram melhores oportunidades do que as com pouco estudo.
La observación en la Pedagogía Pikler

El presente articulo se propone describir el metodo observacional utilizado en la pedagogia Pikler y sus rasgos caracteristicos. Trata sobre el registro de los datos observados y de la utilizacion de estos datos en la investigacion cientifica. Diferencia observacion no-participante y observacion participante, analiza las dificultades del observador no-participante, el comportamiento que se espera de el y recalca la necesidad de elaborar lo observado tras la observacion. Subraya los efectos de la observacion en ambos casos, llama la atencion sobre sus peligros y sobre sus beneficios. Finalmente presenta a la observacion como instrumento de formacion, procedimiento basico para garantizar la calidad profesional, asi como una posible fuente de satisfaccion para los profesionales de la ninez.