Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating intraclonal heterogeneity and subpopulation changes from bulk expression profiles in CMap

Premnas is a computational framework that provides a new perspective to interpret perturbational data in LINC L1000 CMap by learning an ad hoc subpopulation representation from scRNA-seq and performing the digital cytometry to estimate the abundance of undetermined subpopulations. The connectivity among signatures upon perturbations curated in the CMap library provides a valuable resource for understanding therapeutic pathways and biological processes associated with the drugs and diseases. However, because of the nature of bulk-level expression profiling by the L1000 assay, intraclonal heterogeneity and subpopulation compositional change that could contribute to the responses to perturbations are largely neglected, hampering the interpretability and reproducibility of the connections. In this work, we proposed a computational framework, Premnas, to estimate the abundance of undetermined subpopulations from L1000 profiles in CMap directly according to an ad hoc subpopulation representation learned from a well-normalized batch of single-cell RNA-seq datasets by the archetypal analysis. By recovering the information of subpopulation changes upon perturbation, the potentials of drug-resistant/susceptible subpopulations with CMap L1000 were further explored and examined. The proposed framework enables a new perspective to understand the connectivity among cellular signatures and expands the scope of the CMAP and other similar perturbation datasets limited by the bulk profiling technology.
ANA Investigates: The Future of Biomarkers in Alzheimer Disease

T he most common cause of dementia in older adults is Alzheimer disease (AD), a speci ﬁ c neurodegenerative disease that is de ﬁ ned by the presence of amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain. Although, for many years, an autopsy was required to de ﬁ nitively diagnose AD, this has changed with the development of AD biomarkers that re ﬂ ect AD brain pathology. Amyloid and tau positron emission tomography (PET), and cerebrospinal ﬂ uid (CSF) levels of amyloid- β 42 (A β 42), total tau, and tau phosphorylated at position 181, are highly correlated with AD brain pathology. These biomarkers are now widely used in research and clinical trials. Appropriate use criteria for amyloid PET and CSF 4
The Association of Cold Ambient Temperature With Fracture Risk and Mortality: National Data From Norway—A Norwegian Epidemiologic Osteoporosis Studies (NOREPOS) Study

Norway is an elongated country with large variations in climate and duration of winter season. It is also a high‐risk country for osteoporotic fractures, in particular hip fractures, which cause high mortality. Although most hip fractures occur indoors, there is a higher incidence of both forearm and hip fractures during wintertime, compared with summertime. In a nationwide longitudinal cohort study, we investigated whether cold ambient (outdoor) temperatures could be an underlying cause of this high incidence and mortality. Hospitalized/outpatient forearm fractures (International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision [ICD‐10] code S52) and hospitalized hip fractures (ICD‐10 codes S72.0–S72.2) from 2008 to 2018 were retrieved from the Norwegian Patient Registry. Average monthly ambient temperatures (degrees Celsius, °C) from the years 2008 to 2018 were provided by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute and linked to the residential area of each inhabitant. Poisson models were fitted to estimate the association (incidence rate ratios [IRRs], 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) between temperature and monthly incidence of total number of forearm and hip fractures. Flexible parametric survival models (hazard ratios [HR], 95% CI) were used to estimate the association between temperature and post–hip fracture mortality, taking the population mortality into account. Monthly temperature ranged from −20.2°C to 22.0°C, with a median of −2.0°C in winter and 14.4°C in summer. At low temperatures (<0°C) compared to ≥0°C, there was a 53% higher risk of forearm fracture (95% CI, 51%–55%) and 21% higher risk of hip fracture (95% CI, 19%–22%), adjusting for age, gender, calendar year, urbanization, residential region, elevation, and coastal proximity. When taking the population mortality into account, the post–hip fracture mortality in both men (HR 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02–1.13) and women (HR 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04–1.14) was still higher at cold temperatures. There was a higher risk of forearm and hip fractures, and an excess post–hip fracture mortality at cold ambient temperatures. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Prenatal antibiotic exposure, asthma, and the atopic march: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Antibiotic use during pregnancy may increase the risk for asthma in children. We performed a meta‐analysis assessing prenatal antibiotic exposure and the risk for childhood wheeze or asthma, as well as for diseases associated with the atopic march. A systematic literature search protocol (PROSPERO‐ID: CRD42020191940) was registered and searches were completed using Medline, Proquest, Embase, and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials. Screening for inclusion criteria: published in English, German, French, Dutch, or Arabic, intervention (use of any antibiotic at any time point during pregnancy), and disease (reporting atopic disease incidence in children with a primary outcome of asthma or wheeze), and exclusion criteria: reviews, preclinical data, and descriptive studies, yielded 27 studies. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Assessment Scale. Quality of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Our meta‐analysis demonstrates that antibiotic use during pregnancy is associated with an increased relative risk (RR) of developing wheeze RR 1.51 (95% CI: 1.17–1.94) or asthma RR 1.28 (95% CI 1.22–1.34) during childhood. Assessment of the atopic march in association with asthma or wheeze revealed that antibiotic use during pregnancy also increases the risk for eczema/dermatitis RR 1.28 (95% CI: 1.06–1.53) and allergic rhinitis RR 1.13 (95% CI: 1.02–1.25). One study found an increase in food allergy RR 1.81 (95% CI: 1.11–2.95). Maternal antibiotic use during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for wheeze or asthma development in children, as well as for diseases involved in the atopic march. There was high heterogeneity in the data, and the certainty of the evidence was determined to be low quality, highlighting the need for more high‐quality studies on this topic. These results have importance for antibiotic stewardship throughout the prenatal period. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Konrad Adenauer Foundation.
Effect of wall slip on the viscoelastic particle ordering in a microfluidic channel

The formation of a line of equally spaced particles at the centerline of a microchannel, referred as “particle ordering,” is desired in several microfluidic applications. Recent experiments and simulations highlighted the capability of viscoelastic fluids to form a row of particles characterized by a preferential spacing. When dealing with non‐Newtonian fluids in microfluidics, the adherence condition of the liquid at the channel wall may be violated and the liquid can slip over the surface, possibly affecting the ordering efficiency. In this work, we investigate the effect of wall slip on the ordering of particles suspended in a viscoelastic liquid by numerical simulations. The dynamics of a triplet of particles in an infinite cylindrical channel is first addressed by solving the fluid and particle governing equations. The relative velocities computed for the three‐particle system are used to predict the dynamics of a train of particles flowing in a long microchannel. The distributions of the interparticle spacing evaluated at different slip coefficients, linear particle concentrations, and distances from the channel inlet show that wall slip slows down the self‐assembly mechanism. For strong slipping surfaces, no significant change of the initial microstructure is observed at low particle concentrations, whereas strings of particles in contact form at higher concentrations. The detrimental effect of wall slip on viscoelastic ordering suggests care when designing microdevices, especially in case of hydrophobic surfaces that may enhance the slipping phenomenon.
Effectiveness of clinical dashboards as audit and feedback or clinical decision support tools on medication use and test ordering: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Abstract Background Clinical dashboards used as audit and feedback (A&F) or clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are increasingly adopted in healthcare. However, their effectiveness in changing the behavior of clinicians or patients is still unclear. This systematic review aims to investigate the effectiveness of clinical dashboards used as CDSS or A&F tools (as a standalone intervention or part of a multifaceted intervention) in primary care or hospital settings on medication prescription/adherence and test ordering. Methods Seven major databases were searched for relevant studies, from inception to August 2021. Two authors independently extracted data, assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB II scale, and evaluated the certainty of evidence using GRADE. Data on trial characteristics and intervention effect sizes were extracted. A narrative synthesis was performed to summarize the findings of the included trials. Results Eleven randomized trials were included. Eight trials evaluated clinical dashboards as standalone interventions and provided conflicting evidence on changes in antibiotic prescribing and no effects on statin prescribing compared to usual care. Dashboards increased medication adherence in patients with inflammatory arthritis but not in kidney transplant recipients. Three trials investigated dashboards as part of multicomponent interventions revealing decreased use of opioids for low back pain, increased proportion of patients receiving cardiovascular risk screening, and reduced antibiotic prescribing for upper respiratory tract infections. Conclusion There is limited evidence that dashboards integrated into electronic medical record systems and used as feedback or decision support tools may be associated with improvements in medication use and test ordering.
Do Antiseptic Coated Sutures Reduce Colo-Colonic Anastomotic Leaks?

Background Colorectal anastomotic leaks remain one of the most significant complications following colorectal surgery. Various interventions to reduce anastomotic leaks have been investigated, however few have resulted in a significant improvement. To date antiseptic coated monofilament sutures for sutured bowel anastomoses have not been assessed, hence this study was undertaken to investigate whether or not triclosan impregnated polydioxanone suture material (PDS) results in fewer anastomotic leaks. Methods A rabbit colo-colonic anastomotic model was developed to compare the tensile strength and local inflammatory response between triclosan coated PDS and uncoated PDS. Results Of the 42 anastomoses there were 4 (9.5%) leaks. Of the remaining 38 anastomoses neither the leak pressures, degree of bowel wall inflammation or fibrosis were statistically different (P = .11; .813 and .658 respectively) when comparing the two suture materials. Conclusions In an animal model, triclosan coated PDS is as safe as uncoated PDS in performing colo-colonic anastomosis.
Application of albumin‐bilirubin grade and platelet count to indocyanine green‐based criteria for hepatectomy: Predicting impaired liver function and postoperative outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma

Applicability of the albumin‐bilirubin (ALBI) grade in preoperative decision‐making criteria based on the indocyanine green retention (ICG) test remains unclear. This study aimed to predict abnormal ICG values using standard blood tests and evaluate the impact on postoperative outcomes among patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
A Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Using Only One Battery with High-Frequency Link and Low-Rating-Voltage MOSFETs for Motor Drives in Electric Vehicles

: Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverters are widely used in industrial applications, such as medium-voltage conversion and motor drives. However, the DC bus voltage in the electric vehicles is limited and it might not meet the requirements of the inverters for conventional motor drives. This paper presents a solution to drive the conventional motor (3 Φ /AC 220 V) with inadequate DC bus voltage (DC 144 V) in an electric vehicle without any extra step-up circuits. The solution consists of a CHB inverter as a motor drive and a high-frequency (HF) transformer to balance the voltage. The multilevel CHB inverter improves the voltage and the current waveforms. High-frequency link (HFL) is used to create several isolated DC sources for the system and it can improve the power density. Besides, it replaces bulky line-transformers in the conventional CHB inverters, and the volume is reduced. Also, the inverter has bidirectional power flow ability, which can improve the efficiency in motor drives. As a result, the reduction of the step-up circuits is achieved and the topology can be used in the electric vehicles that are powered by only one 144 V-battery. The details and the principles of the control algorithm is discussed and an experiment based on a four-level CHB inverter with one DC 30 V power source is carried out to validate the proposed characteristics.
The Parallel Virtual Infinite Capacitor Applied to DC-Link Voltage Filtering for Wind Turbines

: We propose the parallel virtual inﬁnite capacitor (PVIC) concept, which refers to two virtual inﬁnite capacitors (VIC) connected to the same DC link and sharing one capacitor, one tuned to low frequencies (LF) and one tuned to high frequencies (HF). A PVIC can suppress voltage variations (ripple) in a wider frequency range than a usual VIC. The LF-VIC is controlled by a sliding mode controller to regulate the low-frequency component of the voltage to its reference value, and by a proportional-integral (PI) controller to maintain its state of charge within the desired operating range and achieve the ‘plug-and-play’ pattern of PVIC. The HF-VIC is controlled by another sliding mode controller to limit the high-frequency ripples and also to keep its state of charge within a reasonable operating interval. As our main application, we use the PVIC to replace a DC-link capacitor for voltage ﬁltering on the DC link of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), which is driven by a WindPact (WP) 1.5-MW wind turbine under different grid conditions with turbulent wind input. The simulation study indicates that the PVIC provides much better voltage stabilisation than a DC-link capacitor with the same capacitance, especially in the low frequency range.
A Smart and Low-cost Enhanced Antenna System for Industrial Wireless Broadband Communication

The aim of this paper is to investigate the traditional wireless local area network (LAN) deployment methods, challenges, and proposal of a novel smart antenna technique to mitigate the problems. In this paper, the focus is on the wireless link between cars to the road-side base station or trains to the trackside base station with fixed access point serving multiple mobile clients. A low-cost, highly scalable, long-range, half duplex hybrid smart antenna architecture with capability of direction of arrival (DOA) estimation and adaptive beamforming integration is proposed. The deployment cell size simulation result shows a drastic reduction in the number of equipment needed to cover the same service area as compared to the traditional method. The results will be of great importance for the future wireless deployment in the transportation market, knowing that the installation cost and maintenance cost are a major cost factor.
On the Reform of Engineering Education in Local Colleges Based on Establishing Emerging Engineering Education

In order to cultivate the talents adapting to the rapid development of the economy with stronger basic knowledge and engineering practice ability, the training scheme and knowledge structure should be optimized, the platform of engineering practice teaching should be established to enhance the engineering practice ability, teaching methods should be reformed, teaching management system should be improved, manufacture-learning-research cooperation should be intensified during reforming of engineering education in local colleges based on establishing emerging engineering education so as to enhance the service functions of higher education institutions, and form their own characteristics of universities and colleges.
Implementation and Testing of OSNMA for Galileo

A candidate specification of the protocol for the Galileo Open Service navigation message authentication (hereinafter referred to as OSNMA) has been implemented as part of the AALECS project (Authentic and Accurate Location Experimentation with the Commercial Service). The protocol has been integrated into an end-to-end demonstrator in order to evaluate its performance. The purpose of this paper is to present the testing framework that has been adopted in the AALECS experimentation activities and to report the first end-to-end test results. This includes worldwide service volume analyses with realistic satellite visibility and availability of satellites connected to the Galileo Uplink Stations, in order to characterize the entire system performance by simulation of the Galileo Full Operational Capability (FOC). These results allow evaluating in advance the achievable performances of a future Galileo OSNMA user considering the full system capabilities. This paper also partly addresses the fundamental requirements to implement Galileo Open Service Navigation Messages Authentication in the current and next generation of GNSS receivers, based on the lessons learned in the AALECS project.
A Simplified Design Strategy for Multi-Resonant Current Control of a Grid-Connected Voltage Source Inverter with an LCL Filter

A distorted grid voltage or nonlinear behavior in the current control loop can cause low frequency current harmonics in a grid-connected voltage source inverter (VSI). Many efforts have been made to mitigate such phenomena, including hardware and/or control structure improvements. A well-known suitable strategy to reduce current harmonics in a selective manner is to apply a Proportional Multi-Resonant (PMR) current controller. Inverter-grid stability is another common issue when dealing with grid-connected VSI. Stability is influenced by the inverter impedance, which depends on the controller parameters. This paper presents a simplified tuning strategy for the PMR controller, taking into consideration the inverter-grid stability issue. The obtained controller was implemented and tested in a 10 kW three-phase inverter with a passively damped LCL filter. A significant reduction of current harmonics emission from the inverter up to 650 Hz was achieved without any hardware modification. The limits of PMR controllers to mitigate current harmonics were studied, and the influence of the grid impedance was verified.
Modeling and Implementation of HfO2-based Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions

HfO2-based ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) represent a unique opportunity as both a next-generation digital non-volatile memory and as synapse devices in braininspired logic systems, owing to their higher reliability compared to filamentary resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) and higher speed and lower power consumption compared to competing devices, including phase-change memory (PCM) and state-of-the-art FTJ. Ferroelectrics are often easier to deposit and have simpler material structure than films for magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). Ferroelectric HfO2 also enables complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility, since lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and BaTiO3-based FTJs often are not. No other groups have yet demonstrated a HfO2-based FTJ (to best of the author’s knowledge) or applied it to a suitable system. For such devices to be useful, system designers require models based on both theoretical physical analysis and experimental results of fabricated devices in order to confidently design control systems. Both the CMOS circuitry and FTJs must then be designed in layout and fabricated on the same die. This work includes modeling of proposed device structures using a custom python script, which calculates theoretical potential barrier heights as a function of material properties and corresponding current densities (ranging from 8×10 to 3×10−2 A/cm with RHRS/RLRS ranging from 5×10 to 6, depending on ferroelectric thickness). These equations were then combined with polynomial fits of experimental timing data and implemented in a Verilog-A behavioral analog model in Cadence Virtuoso. The author proposes tristate CMOS control systems, and circuits, for implementation of FTJ devices as digital memory and presents simulated performance. Finally, a process flow for fabrication of FTJ devices with CMOS is presented. This work has therefore enabled the fabrication of FTJ devices at RIT and the continued investigation of them as applied to any appropriate systems. iv
Experimental Analysis of Air-Water Heat Exchanger with Microchannel Coil Exposed to Different Working Parameters

In this study experimental analysis of heat exchanger with microchannel coil (MCHX) has been done. MCHX have already been proven as key for improvement of outdoor condenser units in domestic space cooling systems. Many questions still exist in case of their implementation as evaporating unit, or in case of both single and multiphase fluid flow. In this study MCHX is used as air- water heat exchanger. An open circuit wind tunnel has been used for testing the MCHX in this non-standard application. The experimental analysis has been performed for a range of various water/air velocities and temperatures. Water temperatures and velocities, as well as air temperatures, velocities and pressure drops, were measured using data acquisition system with developed application in Labview software. Influence of water/air inlet temperatures and velocities on heat transfer in the heat exchanger with microchannel coil has been investigated.
SIGNIFICANT FEATURES TO DETECT PULMONARY NODULES FROM CT LUNG IMAGES

Lung cancer causes the most number of deaths worldwide in both men and women. Early detection and diagnosis can minimize the disease mortality rate. Commonly, chest computed tomography (CT) scans are used by clinicians to diagnose lung cancer. The lung cancer diagnosis relies on detection of the pulmonary nodules in CT scans. In this paper, we propose computer-aided diagnostic systems that can define and suggest the most important features that can distinguish lung nodule from nonnodule one. The proposed system can be described through the following six steps: (a) Patch Extraction, (b) Image Preprocessing, (c) Feature Extraction, (d) Normalization, (e) Feature Reduction, and (f) Patch Classification. Feature extraction and selection are the most important steps in any disease classification process. A combination of 132 texture features with three shape-based features has been extracted. Then the normalization step has been done using min–max method followed by the feature reduction step based on the wrap.