Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Mediapotamon Türkay & Dai, 1997 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Potamidae) from Guizhou, China

Abstract A new species of Mediapotamon Türkay & Dai, 1997 from a karst system in southwest China is described. The new species can be separated from congeners by the combination of a sharp and distinct epibranchial tooth, the anterolateral region lined with few scattered granules, the terminal segment of the male first gonopod distinctly bent with a constant diameter, and the position of the female vulvae. Mitochondrial 16S rDNA genetic data was used to investigate the systematic position of the new species, which is supported as a new taxon.
Current Advances in Immunotherapy for Acute Leukemia: An Overview of Antibody, Chimeric Antigen Receptor, Immune Checkpoint, and Natural Killer

Recently, due to the application of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and small molecule inhibitor, the survival of acute leukemia is prolonged. However, the 5 year survival rate remains low due to a high incidence of relapse. Immunotherapy is expected to improve the prognosis of patients with relapsed or refractory hematological malignancies because it does not rely on the cytotoxic mechanisms of conventional therapy. In this paper, the advances of immunotherapy in acute leukemia are reviewed from the aspects of Antibody including Unconjugated antibodies, Antibody-drug conjugate and Bispecific antibody, Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CARs), Immune checkpoint, Natural killer cells. The immunological features, mechanisms and limitation in clinic will be described.
Two new species of Notodasus Fauchald, 1972 (Annelida: Capitellidae) from the Central Indo-Pacific region

Notodasus Fauchald, 1972 is a small genus of the polychaete family Capitellidae, including 10 described species worldwide. The genus is unusual in the Central Indo-Pacific, and there is no taxonomic record of Notodasus in this region. In this study, two new species of Notodasus are described and illustrated, namely Notodasus celebensis sp. nov. and N. chinensis sp. nov. The former species, collected from the mixed-species seagrass beds in the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, is mainly characterized by the longitudinally striated epithelium on thoracic segments and the completely separated notopodial lobes. The latter species, obtained from coastal waters off southern China, differs from its congeners with the following characters: tessellated epithelium present on anterior thorax as well as on the dorsum of chaetigers 11 and 12, notopodial lobes fused and chaetal fascicles almost touching each other on anterior abdomen, and branchial pores evident from anterior abdomen. Comparisons are made with closely related species in this paper, and a revised key is provided to all described Notodasus species. The descriptions of the two new species represent the first record of Notodasus in this region and expand the geographical distribution of the genus.
Expression of p57 immunomarker in the classification and differential diagnosis of partial and complete hydatidiform moles

BACKGROUND: Hydatidiform mole (HM) is characterized histologically by cystic swelling of the chorionic villi, accompanied by variable trophoblastic proliferation. The most important reason for the correct recognition of moles is that they are associated with an increased risk of persistent trophoblastic disease (invasive mole) or choriocarcinoma. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine whether there is any role of p57 in differentiating partial and complete moles by immunohistochemical staining. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective observational study was undertaken in which 40 cases of molar pregnancy included over a period of 2 years. Detailed clinical and family histories were obtained from each patient. Histopathological examination followed by immunohistochemical study with p57 done in each case. Ultrasonography findings and serial titers of serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin were noted whenever necessary. RESULTS: Among the forty cases included, 25 (62%) had complete molar (CM) pregnancy, whereas the rest 15 (38%) had partial mole (PM). Both CM and PM were more pronounced in the age group of 20–25 years (44% and 60%, respectively), and among nulliparous women (68% and 70% respectively), 17 (42.5%) mothers had a prior history of abortion. In the histologically unequivocal cases of complete mole, 96% (24 of 25) did not express p57 and a single case was focal positive. In contrast, it was strongly and continuously expressed in both villous cytotrophoblast and stromal cells in all cases of PM (15 of 15). CONCLUSION: p57 immunomarker is very helpful to diagnose and differentiate complete and partial HM.
Development, optimization, standardization, and validation of a simple in-house agar gradient method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin for Staphylococcus aureus

BACKGROUND: The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommends reporting minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of vancomycin for Staphylococcus aureus. Commercial MIC strips are expensive, and the traditional broth microdilution method is cumbersome. With this background, we attempted to develop and standardize an in-house agar gradient method to determine MIC values of vancomycin for S. aureus. OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate an in-house vancomycin MIC strip, based on simple agar gradient method for S. aureus as per bioassay development guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Filter paper gradient strips were made in house and impregnated with varying concentrations of vancomycin to create an antibiotic gradient. During standardization, MICs of ninety clinical strains of S. aureus and ATCC 29213 were tested by the broth microdilution and commercial strip followed by the in-house strip. During the validation stage, MICs of ninety different clinical strains of S. aureus and ATCC 29213 were determined by the in-house strip followed by MIC detection by broth microdilution and commercial strips. A reading of more than ± 1log2 dilution compared with broth microdilution was considered as an outlier. RESULTS: During the initial stage, there were 7/90 outliers in the clinical strains, and no outliers were seen with the ATCC 29213 control strain. Corrective action included increasing precaution during the antibiotic impregnation on the strip. During validation stage, only 4/90 outliers were observed in the clinical strains. The commercial strips had 29/90 among clinical and 15/30 outliers in the control strain during the prevalidation phase. Despite maintaining cold chain during the validation phase, the outliers for commercial strip were 18/90 and 4/30 for clinical and control strains, respectively. CONCLUSION: Reporting vancomycin MIC for S. aureus may be attempted using the in-house method after validating it with a gold standard broth microdilution method and quality control as per protocol.
Expanding walls and shrinking beaches: loss of natural coastline in Okinawa Island, Japan

Okinawa is the largest and most populated island of the Ryukyu Archipelago in southern Japan and is renowned for its natural resources and beauty. Similar as to what has been happening in the rest of the country, Okinawa Island has been affected by an increasing amount of development and construction work. The trend has been particularly acute after reversion to Japanese sovereignty in 1972, following 27 years of post-war American administration. A coastline once characterized by extended sandy beaches surrounded by coral reefs now includes tracts delimited by seawalls, revetments, and other human-made hardening structures. Additionally, part of coastal Okinawa Island was obtained by land-filling shallow ocean areas (land reclamation). Nevertheless, the current extension of the artificial coastline, as well as the level of fragmentation of the natural coastline are unclear, due to the lack of both published studies and easily accessible and updated datasets. The aims of this research were to quantify the extension of coastline alterations in Okinawa Island, including the amount of land-filling performed over the last 41 years, and to describe the coastlines that have been altered the most as well as those that are still relatively pristine. The analyses were performed using a reference map of Okinawa Island based on GIS vector data extracted from the OpenStreetMap (OSM) coastline dataset (average node distance for Okinawa Island = 24 m), in addition to satellite and aerial photography from multiple providers. We measured 431.8 km of altered coastline, equal to about 63% of the total length of coastline in Okinawa Island. Habitat fragmentation is also an issue as the remaining natural coastline was broken into 239 distinct tracts (mean length = 1.05 km). Finally, 21.03 km2 of the island’s surface were of land reclaimed over the last 41 years. The west coast has been altered the most, while the east coast is in relatively more natural conditions, particularly the northern part, which has the largest amount of uninterrupted natural coastline. Given the importance of the ecosystem services that coastal and marine ecosystems provide to local populations of subtropical islands, including significant economic income from tourism, conservation of remaining natural coastlines should be given high priority.
Validity and Reliability of an Inertial Sensor-Based Knee Proprioception Test in Younger vs. Older Adults

Diminishing proprioception caused by aging effects is associated with a higher risk to fall. However, existing measurement systems of proprioception are often expensive, time-consuming, or insufficient regarding reliability evaluation. Inertial sensor-based systems could address these issues. Consequently, this study sought to develop and evaluate an inertial sensor-based joint position sense test. Thereto, intra-session and inter-day test-retest reliability were investigated in a cross-over design. Twenty healthy younger (age: 22 ± 3 years) and 20 healthy older adults (age: 65 ± 5 years) participated in the study. We calculated the mean of the absolute error, the signed error, and the standard deviation of the signed error. Test-retest reliability was quantified by using the intraclass correlation coefficient as well as the bias and limits of agreement. To evaluate the possibility of capturing aging effects, and correspondingly a validation of the system, we calculated Cohen's d. For the intra-session reliability, fair to good agreements were achieved for the absolute and relative error in all target ranges. Compared to younger adults, we registered a declined joint position sense in older adults with high effects observed for the absolute error in a target range of 15–25 and 35–45° as well as for the variable error in the target ranges of 35–45 and 55–65°. We suggest that inertial sensor-based joint position sense tests are reliable and capable to measure aging effects on proprioception, and are therefore a low-cost and mobile alternative to existing methods.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Escitalopram versus Desvenlafaxine in Postmenopausal Women with Depression and Anxiety: A Randomized, Open-Label, Comparative Trial

Aims and Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of escitalopram versus desvenlafaxine in postmenopausal women with depression and anxiety in our study cohort. Materials and Methods: A randomized, open-label, intention-to-treat, comparative study was conducted over a period of 1 year. Group 1 (n = 20) patients received tablet escitalopram 10 mg once daily orally which was increased to 20 mg/day when needed at the first follow-up. Group 2 (n = 20) patients received tablet desvenlafaxine 50 mg once daily orally which was increased to 100 mg/day when needed at the first follow-up. Patients were followed at 3 and 6 weeks. Primary endpoints were change in baseline scores (recorded as mean ± standard deviation) of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and safety was also assessed and compared. Results: Forty patients completed the study. Escitalopram was statistically better than desvenlafaxine in reducing depression after 6 weeks of treatment (P < 0.05). Both the drugs were found to be equally effective in treating anxiety. Furthermore, they showed comparable safety and tolerability. Conclusion: Escitalopram appears to be more effective on short-term basis in treating depression, and both the drugs appear equally effective in combating anxiety. Furthermore, they appear to be equally safe and well tolerated in postmenopausal women with depression and anxiety.
Exosome-dependent immune surveillance at the metastatic niche requires BAG6 and CBP/p300-dependent acetylation of p53

Extracellular vesicles released by tumor cells contribute to the reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment and interfere with hallmarks of cancer including metastasis. Notably, melanoma cell-derived EVs are able to establish a pre-metastatic niche in distant organs, or on the contrary, exert anti-tumor activity. However, molecular insights into how vesicles are selectively packaged with cargo defining their specific functions remain elusive. Methods: Here, we investigated the role of the chaperone Bcl2-associated anthogene 6 (BAG6, synonym Bat3) for the formation of pro- and anti-tumor EVs. EVs collected from wildtype cells and BAG6-deficient cells were characterized by mass spectrometry and RNAseq. Their tumorigenic potential was analyzed using the B-16V transplantation mouse melanoma model. Results: We demonstrate that EVs from B-16V cells inhibit lung metastasis associated with the mobilization of Ly6Clow patrolling monocytes. The formation of these anti-tumor-EVs was dependent on acetylation of p53 by the BAG6/CBP/p300-acetylase complex, followed by recruitment of components of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) via a P(S/T)AP double motif of BAG6. Genetic ablation of BAG6 and disruption of this pathway led to the release of a distinct EV subtype, which failed to suppress metastasis but recruited tumor-promoting neutrophils to the pre-metastatic niche. Conclusion: We conclude that the BAG6/CBP/p300-p53 axis is a key pathway directing EV cargo loading and thus a potential novel microenvironmental therapeutic target.
Superior Dislocation of Patella - A RareClinicalEntity

Introduction: Superior dislocation of patella is a rare injury. Patient usually presents with painful locking of the knee. The authors describe here a case of 54-year-male, who bumped his right knee on the edge of the bed. The patient was unable to extend his right knee. This was diagnosed as superior dislocation of patella and then managed with closed reduction with intramuscular analgesia. Case Report: A 54-year-old male presented with acute painful locking of knee after his knee struck on the edge of the bed while trying to attain a kneeling position on the bed. On clinical examination, the superior pole of patella protruded anteriorly and was very tender. The patellar tendon was found to be intact. Radiographs confirmed the diagnosis of superior dislocation of patella. The dislocation was reduced by closed method using intramuscular analgesia. The knee was immobilized for three weeks in a posterior long knee brace. Conclusion: Superior dislocation of patella is quite uncommon. High index of suspicion, mechanism of injury, clinical examination, and radiographs are helpful to arrive at the diagnosis. Immediate closed reduction provides pain relief and a good knee range of movements.
Emotion Knowledge, Theory of Mind, and Language in Young Children: Testing a Comprehensive Conceptual Model

Numerous studies suggest that both emotion knowledge and language abilities are powerfully related to young children’s theory of mind. Nonetheless, the magnitude and direction of the associations between language, emotion knowledge, and theory-of-mind performance in the first years of life are still debated. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the direct effects of emotion knowledge and language on theory-of-mind scores in 2- and 3-year-old children. A sample of 139 children, aged between 24 and 47 months (M = 35.5 months; SD = 6.73), were directly administered measures of emotion knowledge, theory of mind, and language. We conducted structural equation modeling (SEM) to evaluate the effects of these variables within a single comprehensive framework, while also controlling for any effects of age and gender. The proposed structural equation model provided an excellent fit for the data, indicating that both children’s emotion knowledge, and their language ability had direct positive effects on theory of mind scores. In addition, age was found to wield statistically significant effects on all the variables under study, whereas gender was not significantly associated with any of them. These findings suggest the importance of fostering young children’s emotion knowledge and language ability with a view to enhancing their comprehension of mental states.
Gentianella macrosperma, a new species of Gentianella (Gentianaceae) from Xinjiang, China

Abstract Gentianella macrosperma Ma ex H.F. Cao, J.D. Ya & Q.R. Zhang, a new species of Gentianaceae from Xinjiang, Northwest China is described and illustrated. This new species is unique in having equal length of corolla lobe and corolla tube, nectaries located at the throat of the corolla tube and large seeds up to 1.6 mm in diameter. In addition, an updated identification key to the Chinese species of Gentianella is provided.
Significant Decrease in Hippocampus and Amygdala Mean Diffusivity in Treatment-Resistant Depression Patients Who Respond to Electroconvulsive Therapy

Introduction: The hippocampus plays a key role in depressive disorder, and the amygdala is involved in depressive disorder through the key role that it plays in emotional regulation. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may alter the microstructure of these two regions. Since mean diffusivity (MD), is known to be an indirect marker of microstructural integrity and can be derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans, we aim to test the hypothesis that treatment-resistant depression (TRD) patients undergoing bilateral (BL) ECT exhibit a decrease of MD in their hippocampus and amygdala. Methods: Patients, between 50 and 70 years of age, diagnosed with TRD were recruited from the University Hospital of Toulouse and assessed clinically (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HAM-D) and by DTI scans at three time points: baseline, V2 (during treatment), and V3 within 1 week of completing ECT. Results: We included 15 patients, who were all responders. The left and right hippocampi and the left amygdala showed a significant decrease in MD at V3, compared to baseline [respectively: β = −2.78, t = −1.97, p = 0.04; β = −2.56, t = −2, p = 0.04; β = −2.5, t = −2.3, p = 0.04, false discovery rate (FDR) corrected]. MD did not decrease in the right amygdala. Only the left amygdala was significantly associated with a reduction in HAM-D (ρ = 0.55, p = 0.049, FDR corrected). Conclusion: MD is an indirect microstructural integrity marker, which decreases in the hippocampus and the left amygdala, during BL ECT in TRD populations. This could be interpreted as a normalization of microstructural integrity in these structures.
DNA double-strand break formation and repair as targets for novel antibiotic combination chemotherapy

An unrepaired DNA double-strand break (DSB) is lethal to cells. In bacteria, DSBs are usually repaired either via an error-prone pathway, which ligates the ends of the break or an accurate recombination pathway. Due to this lethality, drugs that induce persistent DSBs have been successful in bacterial infection treatment. However, recurrent usage of these drugs has led to emergence of resistant strains. Several articles have thoroughly reviewed the causes, mechanisms and effects of bacterial drug resistance while others have also discussed approaches for facilitating drug discovery and development. Here, we focus on a hypothetical chemotherapeutic strategy that can be explored for minimizing development of resistance to novel DSB-inducing compounds. We also highlight the possibility of utilizing bacterial DSB repair pathways as targets for the discovery and development of novel antibiotics.
Diminished Anticipatory and Consummatory Pleasure in Dysphoria: Evidence From an Experience Sampling Study

Anhedonia, the experience of diminished pleasure, is a core feature of major depressive disorder and is often present long before the diagnosis of depression. Most previous studies have investigated anhedonia with self-report measures of trait anhedonia or with behavioral paradigms using laboratory stimuli, and the real-time characteristics of hedonic processing in subclinical depression remain under-investigated. We used the experience sampling method to evaluate momentary experience of hedonic feelings in the context of daily life. Dysphoric (n = 49) and non-dysphoric (n = 51) college students completed assessments of their current positive affect (PA), as well as state anticipatory and consummatory pleasure, 3 or 4 times a day every day for 2 weeks. The results showed that dysphoric individuals reported less state anticipatory and consummatory pleasure compared with non-dysphoric individuals. Moreover, significant time-lagged associations between anticipatory pleasure and follow-up consummatory pleasure were found in the whole sample, after adjustment for current PA. The current findings thus hold considerable promise in advancing our understanding of anhedonia as well as the important role of state anticipatory pleasure in relation to depression.
Global Analysis of Cell Wall Genes Revealed Putative Virulence Factors in the Dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum

The fungal cell wall is a structure in constant contact with the external environment. It confers shape to the cell and protects it from external threats. During host adaptation, the cell wall structure of fungal pathogens is continuously reshaped by the orchestrated action of numerous genes. These genes respond to environmental stresses and challenging growth conditions, influencing the infective potential of the fungus. Here, we aimed to identify cell wall biosynthesis-related genes that putatively encode virulence factors in Trichophyton rubrum. We used RNA-seq to examine the impact of two drugs, namely undecanoic acid, and acriflavine as well as the effects of the carbon source switching from glucose to keratin on T. rubrum cell wall metabolism. By using functional annotation based on Gene Ontology terms, we identified significantly differentially expressed cell wall-related genes in all stress conditions. We also exposed T. rubrum to osmotic and other cell wall stressors and evaluated the susceptibility and gene modulation in response to stress. The changes in the ambient environment caused continuous cell wall remodeling, forcing the fungus to undergo modulatory restructuring. The influence of the external challenges indicated a highly complex response pattern. The genes that were modulated simultaneously in the three stress conditions highlight potential targets for antifungal development.
An Analysis of the Performance of Italian Schools in Bebras and in the National Student Assessment INVALSI

This paper analyzes the results of the Bebras Challenge on Informatics and Computational Thinking held in Italy in the last three years and it compares them to the overall performance of Italian schools in the national INVALSI assessment of the standardized levels reached by students in Italian, Mathematics, and English. The main research question is if the mean regional performance at INVALSI tests can predict the performance of schools of the same region in the Bebras challenge. The answer is positive at the grossest level: macro regional areas with INVALSI results below the national average tend to perform worse also in the Bebras challenge. At regional level, a high correlation between Bebras and INVALSI was found among the regions whose results differ significantly.