Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trade Transparency and Trading Volume: The Possible Impact of the Financial Instruments Markets Directive on the Trading Volume of EU Equity Markets

The EC Directive on financial instruments markets 2004 (MiFID) has introduced a number of order and trade publication obligations imposed on organised exchanges, alternative trading systems (ATS), and the class of broker dealers that execute transactions in shares internally. This article investigates the impact of MiFID's trade transparency rules on the trading volume of EU equity markets in a forward-looking mode. We use data extracted from the closest possible precedent and examine trading volume levels before and after trading in FTSE100 stocks on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) shifted from the quote-driven Stock Exchange Automatic Quotation System (SEAQ) to the order-driven securities electronic trading service (SETS). This change resulted in significantly increased transparency standards. Trading volume is measured on the basis of three criteria: volume-based turnover, value-based turnover and turnover ratio. No evidence is found indicating that higher transparency standards lead per se to higher levels of trading volume. Therefore, the impact of MiFID's transparency rules on trading volume in EU equity markets should become a matter of further study following their implementation.
Cholesterol Degradation Effect Analyzed using Marine Cyanobacterial Species Spirulina subsalsa

In this study was designed to understand the mechanisms of cholesterol degradation by cyanobacterial species Spirulina subsalsa. We analyzed the degradation of cholesterol in albino mice using basal feed diet (control) and different concentration (1%, 2% and 4%) of cyanobacterial diet. Cholesterol was estimated from the control and cyanobacterial fed to the albino mice. Blood cholesterol level reduced 8.1, 24.3, 30.6 % in 1, 2 and 4% cyanobacterial diet respectively. Phycobiliproteins are the most abundant soluble protein complexes in cyanobacteria and phycocyanin have 75% in phycobiliprotein. We concluded, phycocyanin was major role for cholesterol degradation in albino mice.
Nearest neighbor searching in high dimensions using multiple KD-trees

Feature matching plays a key role in many image processing applications. The matching efficacy is crucially determined by the description of features. To be robust and distinctive, feature vectors usually have high dimensions. Thus accurately finding the nearest neighbor of a high dimensional query point in the target image becomes essential. In this paper, we propose a multiple kd-trees method to locate the nearest neighbor for high dimension feature points. First, we project feature points to three hyper-planes corresponding coordinate axes that are with the first three greatest variances. Secondly, for points projected on each splitting hyper-plane, two kd-trees are built that one is the conventional kd-tree and the other has a first split on the hyper-plane with the second largest variance. Thus in total six kd-trees are built to compensate the deficiency of projection may have. Although our method requires a longer time in tree construction, it is still quite efficient (not more than 0.62 seconds for 1000 data of dimension 50). The experiment showed that our method improves the precision of the nearest neighbor searching problem. When the dimension of data is 64 or 128, the average improvement on precision can reach 28% (dimension fixed) and 53% (number of backtracking fixed).
Safe and Secure Graphical Authentication System

: Authentication is one of the main aspects in the computer applications, to grant access to particular individual authentication is the process to do that. Lots of research has been done in the development of such authentication scheme, which are simple in user’s perspective and is secure in attacker’s perspective. Early days of computers belong to the authentication which is based on the text passwords, text-based passwords are the most commonly used authentication scheme in the world. Now days text-based passwords are way too much popular for authentication. On the other hand with the development of handheld devices Graphical Passwords got more attention in the authentication process. The reason behind development of graphical passwords is, they are easy to remember as compared to the text-based passwords. Everything on the internet needs authentication in the way of providing services to the user, so it is important to make sure that the security issues related to the authentication must have been solved by the authentication system. In this way to develop the authentication scheme which is easy to understand and difficult to crack, this research paper is all about. This paper focuses on the research done in the field of graphical passwords and finally we propose a graphical authentication system based on some previous work done. In this paper we are going to see how we can add more security to the authentication process by using the homomorphic encryption in the database.
Gold Nanoclusters: Nanomedicine Potentials and Applications

Attractive tiny gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) has opened golden gates of various applications in the world of technology. To name some of these applications we can refer to areas such as biosensor, contrast agent, drug and gene delivery system, etc. Here we will describe the potentials and applications of single and modified AuNCs for nanomedicine and theranostics.
Analyze of Mathematical Creative Thinking Ability Based On Math Anxiety in Creative Problem Solving Model with SCAMPER Technique

Mathematical creative thinking ability in problem solving becomes the requirement of Mathematics Education recently in order to find many ideas and new solution so that the issues can be resolved appropriately. Mathematical anxiety is the most dominant emotional feeling in adolescent students in relation with school mathematics. Mathematical creative thinking abilities of students vary based on the conditions of their math anxiety. Creative Problem Solving (CPS) learning model develops the mathematical thinking ability. SCAMPER as learning techniques that contains a set of directed questions to evaluate some generated creative ideas. This study aims to 1) test and analyze the quality of learning CPS with SCAMPER technique and 2) analyze the mathematical creative thinking ability based on student math anxiety. This research uses mixed method study with concurrent embedded design that combines not balanced qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative methods as the primary method. Qualitative and quantitative research go hand in hand. The process of collecting quantitative data held on the implementation of learning Creative Problem Solving (CPS) with SCAMPER technique and it is followed by qualitative research to collect data of math anxiety. This quantitative research design is nonrandomized Control Group, Pretest-Posttest Design. Taking the research subjects held by randomized taking for each of the two students at each level of anxiety mild, moderate, severe and panic in order to do the qualitative analysis of the mathematical creative thinking abilities according to its indicators. The conclusions of this study is the quality of learning CPS with SCAMPER technique is good and effective. The result of study in SMK NegeriJawa Tengah grade X shows that students with mild anxiety are the students who are very creative or creative enough. The student can present more than three various ideas of responses, provide more than one way different alternative answers, and can write the solution in its own way and quite unique. Students with moderate anxiety are students who are very creative or creative. The student can present more than two different ideas, provide more than one more than one way different alternative answers more than one way, and can write the solution by its own way quite unique. Students with severe anxiety are students who are creative enough or very creative. The student can present more than two different ideas of answers though it less precise, provide more than one different alternative way of answers and they are not always able to write the solution in its own way uniquely. Students with panic level of anxiety are are not creative students. The student can not provide more than two different ideas of answers; just give the answer in one way in general.
Vocal tract modeling in 3 D

A three-dimensional model of the vocal tract is under development. The model consists of vocal and nasal tract walls, lips, teeth and tongue, represented as visually distinct articulators by different colours resembling the ones in a natural human vocal tract. The naturalness of the vocal tract model can be used in speech training for hearing impaired children or in second language learning, where the visual feedback supplements the auditory feedback. The 3D model also provides a platform for studies on articulatory synthesis, as the vocal tract geometry can be set with a small number of articulation parameters, and vocal tract cross-sectional areas can be determined directly from the model.
Competing for seed dispersal: evidence for the role of avian seed hoarders in mediating apparent predation among oaks

Summary In communities of large-seeded tree species, generalist seed hoarders often link the temporally variable dynamics of various species in ways that can result in indirect ecological interactions. A special case of such interactions is “apparent predation” – when variation in seed production of one tree species changes the outcome of the interaction between seed hoarders and another tree species from seed dispersal mutualism to predation. We investigated how two species of avian hoarders responded to differences in acorn availability among individual valley oaks (Quercus lobata) and across a landscape dominated by blue oaks (Q. douglasii) to determine whether seed dispersal and predation dynamics result in apparent predation between these oak species. California scrub-jays (Aphelocoma californica), high-quality seed dispersers with large spatial scales of resource perception, showed strong numerical and functional responses to individually large Q. lobata acorn crops when landscape-level acorn crops were low, but the numerical response was not observed when Q. douglasii produced a good acorn crop the subsequent year. In contrast, acorn woodpeckers (Melanerpes formicivorus), which are significant acorn predators, exhibited a consistent functional response to individual Q. lobata acorn crops independent of landscape-wide availability. Consequently, Q. lobata experienced increased predation and a near absence of high-quality seed dispersal when Q. douglasii acorns were abundant. Our results suggest that apparent predation among oak species can arise from contrasting responses of generalist seed predators and dispersers to acorn availability on different spatial scales. Thus, the spatial scale of resource perception, which can differ greatly among generalist seed hoarders, may provide a proximate mechanism underlying indirect, temporally-variable ecological affects such as apparent predation among sympatric species of large-seeded trees. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Correction to “Pressure changes associated with substorm depolarization in the near‐Earth plasma sheet”

] In the paper “Pressure changes associated with sub-storm depolarization in the near‐Earth plasma sheet” byY.Miyashitaetal. (J.Geophys.Res.,115,A12239,doi:10.1029/2010JA015608) the title was incorrect. The correct title isPressure changes associated with substorm dipolarization inthe near‐Earth plasma sheet.
GENOTYPE AND SEASONAL VARIATION IN ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HOP EXTRACTS

Antioxidants of natural origin taken by food are related to decreasing of serious disease occurrence. It is a group of substances of polyphenol character which are also contained in hop. This study evaluated antioxidant activities of extracts from leaves and cones of hop during and at the end of vege- tation season by the BCLM (β-carotene linoleate model) and DPPH (capability of stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl- hydrazyl to react with H-donors including phenolics) methods. Correlations revealed differences in antioxidant activity within cultivars/clones, relations between antioxidant activity and total content of polyphenols and flavonoids, and average anti- oxidant activity in leaves and cones.
One Way Anova : Concepts and Application in Agricultural System

Agriculturalists seek general explanations for the variations in agricultural yields in response to a treatment. An increasingly popular solution is the powerful statistical technique one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). This technique is intended to analyze the variability in data in order to infer the inequality among population means. After exploring the concept of the technique, the response of the chlorophyll content on the leaves of 160 maize seedlings to the treatment of nitrogen potassium phosphorous (NPK) at 0g, 5g, 10g and 20g as control treatment, treatment1, treatment2 and treatment3 respectively, it was revealed that, there was a significant effect of the amount of NPK on the chlorophyll content of maize seedlings at P < 0.05, [F (3, 141) = 51.190, P = 0.000]. Post hoc comparison using tukey HSD test indicated that, the mean score for treatment1 (M = 18.89, SD = 11.58) was significantly different than treatment3 (M =1.61, SD = 7.01) and the control treatment (M = 4.59, SD = 5.49), also the mean score for treatment2 (M =21.57, SD = 9.80) was significantly different than treatment3 and the control treatment respectively. However, the result indicated a non-significant difference between the treatments 1 and 2 and treatments 3 and the control treatment respectively. Altogether the result revealed that the amount of NPK really do have effect on the chlorophyll content of maize seedlings. The data were analyzed using computer program SPSS.
Multistakeholder environmental governance in action: REDD+ discourse coalitions in Tanzania

Balancing interests to achieve legitimate and effective policies is a primary and pressing challenge in countries' efforts to prepare their national reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) strategies. Using Tanzania as a country case, we investigated the most polarizing policy discourses and assessed the influence of competing discourse coalitions on the drafting of the national REDD+ strategy. We combined discourse and social network analysis to identify discourse coalitions and assess their influence. The findings indicate that the national REDD+ strategy largely reflects the positions of the discourse coalition that is controlled by powerful state actors who support central control of REDD+ financial mechanisms. The competing coalition, led by civil society organizations, has limited influence on the national strategy, despite discursive congruence and concerted political action. The findings further indicate that discursive practices and institutional rules codetermine policy outcomes.
Lockouts and Player Productivity

We implement a propensity score matching technique to present the first evidence on the impact of professional sports lockouts on player productivity. In particular, we utilize a unique natural experiment from the 2012-2013 National Hockey League lockout, during which approximately 200 players decided to play overseas, while the rest stayed in North America. We separate players based on their nationality and investigate the effect of playing abroad on postlockout player performance. We find limited evidence of enhanced productivity among European players and no evidence of a benefit or drawback for North American players. Our study contributes to the understanding of lockouts in professional sports and the general discussion of labor disputes and worker productivity.
Sympatric cryptic species in New Zealand Onychophora

AUozyme electrophoresis was used to examine genetic diversity within live-bearing Penpatopsid Onychophora from the North Island of New Zealand. Specimens of two previously described morpho-species that differ in leg number (Pnipatoides s u b ' and l? novaezeakmdke) were found to be genetically diverse. l? s u b ' showed little intraspecific genetic variation but were very distinct from specimens assignable to l? nomzealandiae. Within l? novaeZealandke five genetically differentiated species were identified although none showed any consistent morphological differentiation, thus l? novuezeulundke (Hutton) is a species complex. AU of these species occur in sympatry or parapatry (in one instance) with other cryptic species of the l? novaeZealundke group or with l? suteri. Four new species are described on the basis of this genetic evidence, they are I? morgani, I? aurorbis, I? kawekasnsis and I? sympah.ica. Other genotypes encountered indicate further cryptic species remain unrecognized. Among the North Island species, l? s u b ' and I? aurorbis sp. nov. are both more closely related to undescribed species from the South Island than to others examined from the North Island. I? sympatrica sp. nov. exists in sympatry with at least three other species in different parts of its range. The complexity of relationships and distributions probably arose through the interaction of low vagility in peripatus and the active geophysical history of the region. How these cryptic species persist in sympatry is not known but may be linked to differences in ecology not evident in their morphology, and/or may indicate recent dispersal from allopatry.
Mobile Garden: Seeding the Knowledge to Harvest the Sustainability in the School

This study aimed to find the prior and acquired knowledge of students along the sustainability theme reusing PET bottles for the construction of a mobile kitchen garden in the school environment. The study was developed in four steps with students of the 8th grade of the basic education of a public school of Dourados, MS, Brazil, in the period from September to November 2011. Step 1: Application of the questionnaire (1) to evaluate the prior knowledge of the students in relation to the sustainability theme; Step 2: Application of the environmental sensitization lecture; Step 3: Mounting of the mobile kitchen garden; Step 4: Application of the final questionnaire (2). By the results obtained from the questionnaire 1, it was observed that the students present very few widespread concepts and sometimes erroneous regarding the sustainability. After analysis of the questionnaire 2 applied at the end of the study developed with the students, it was observed that there was relevance in relation to the prior knowledge of the students. According to this study, the school is the adequate environment to develop practical and simple activities such as the mobile kitchen garden with PET bottles, since besides stimulating the students to practice sustainability, it contributes satisfactorily to the formation of citizens more concerned with the environment and in the construction of knowledge.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Return on interactivity? The characteristics and effectiveness of Web sites during the 2010 Dutch local elections

This article examines the use of interactive features (i.e., discussion and participation features) on the Web sites of Dutch political parties during the 2010 local elections campaign and investigates whether a relationship exists between interactivity and election results. A manual content analysis of 2,135 party Web sites demonstrates that Web sites from national parties that compete in local elections are more interactive than those of independent local parties. Furthermore, for elections in larger municipalities, the parties ’ Web sites use more interactivity. Most interesting, a positive association between interactivity and election results is established when controlling for previous elections and national trends.
Semi-Permeable Microcapsules for Use in Fluorescence-Based Glucose Sensing

Semi-Permeable Microcapsules for Use in Fluorescence-Based Glucose Sensing. (April 2010) Elizabeth Grace Joachim College of Engineering Texas A&M University Research Advisor: Dr. Michael J. McShane Department of Biomedical Engineering Due to the pain associated with conventional blood sugar monitoring techniques and the rising prevalence of diabetes, the development of noninvasive glucose sensing techniques is desirable. Towards this aim, implantable fluorescence-based glucose sensors are being developed. One strategy used in these sensors is to create a competitive binding scheme between fluorescent-labeled dextran and glucose using a fluorescent-labeled binding protein, such as glucose binding protein (GBP) or Concanavalin A (ConA), so that the protein and dextran create a Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) pair. The sensing chemistry is then encapsulated in microcapsules with walls of nanoscale thickness formed using the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) method. This work involved two principal objectives: 1) to measure the permeability of capsules comprising different materials to dextran, as a means of identifying materials that allow the diffusion of glucose into the sensor while preventing release of the other components; and 2) evaluating the effects of different core formation methods on encapsulation. Results indicate that adding salt to the LbL solutions can decrease the
In £ uenceof infection routeandvirulence factorson colonizationof solid tumorsbySalmonella enterica serovarTyphimurium

Administration of facultative anaerobic bacteria such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as anticancer treatment holds a great therapeutic potential. Here, we tested different routes of application of S. typhimurium with regard to tumor colonization and therapeutic efficacy. No differences between intravenous and intraperitoneal infection were observed, often leading to a complete tumor clearance. In contrast, after oral application, tumor colonization was inefficient and delayed. No therapeutic effect was observed under such conditions. We also showed that tumor invasion and colonization were independent of functional Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI) 1 and SPI 2. Furthermore, tumor invasion and colonization did not require bacterial motility or chemotactic responsiveness. The distribution of the bacteria within the tumor was independent of such functions.
Coexistence of magneto-rotational and Jeans instabilities in an axisymmetric nebula

Aims. We analyze the magneto-rotational instability (MRI) effects on gravitational collapse and its influence on the instability critical scale. Methods. In particular, we study an axisymmetric nonstratified differentially rotating cloud, embedded in a small magnetic field, and we perform a local linear stability analysis, including the self gravity of the system. Results. We demonstrate that the linear evolution of the perturbations is characterized by the emergence of an anisotropy degree of the perturbed mass densities. Starting with spherical growing overdensities, we see that they naturally acquire an anisotropy of order unity in their shape. Despite the linear character of our analysis, we infer that such a seed of anisotropy can rapidly grow in a nonlinear regime, leading to the formation of filament-like structures. However, we show how such an anisotropy is essentially an intrinsic feature of the Jean instability, and how MRI only plays a significant role in fixing the critical scale of the mode spectrum. We then provide a characterization of the present analysis in terms of the cosmological setting, in order to provide an outlook of how the present results could concern the formation of large-scale structures across the Universe.