Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prochlorthrix hollandica gen. nov. sp. nov., a Filamentous Oxygenic Photoautotrophic Procaryote Containing Chlorophylls a and b: Assignment to Prochlorotrichaceae fam. nov. and Order Prochlorales Florenzano, Balloni, and Materassi 1986, with Emendation of the Ordinal Description

The genus Prochlorothrix gen., with one species, Prochlorothrix hollandica sp. nov., is proposed for filamentous oxygenic photoautotrophic procaryotes containing chlorophylls a and b. The cylindrical cells are arranged in trichomes which lack sheaths, are not motile, and do not possess differentiated cells. P. hollandica grows in liquid media or on solid mineral media and is incapable of dinitrogen fixation. Optimum growth occurs between 20 and 30°C and at pH 8.4. The deoxyribonucleic acid base composition of this organism is 53 mol% guanine plus cytosine. Emendation of the description of the order Prochlorales Florenzano, Balloni, and Materassi 1986 is proposed since the original definition of this taxon would exclude the genus Prochlorothrix. To accommodate the filamentous genera in the order Prochlorales. we propose the family Prochlorotrichaceae fam. nov.
AN IN SILICO APPRAISAL OF FEW BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AGAINST KAS-A FOR ANTITUBERCULAR DRUG EFFICACY

β-ketoacyl [acyl carrier protein] synthase A is a key enzyme in the mycobacterial cell wall. The inhibitors for this enzyme can block bacterial cell wall synthesis by blocking Fatty Acid Synthase-II enzyme and thereby stopping mycolic acid synthesis, hence kills the bacteria. Seven ligands were found out after checking their toxicity properties and were docked against the drug target. The result showed highest score for ligand 7 and lowest for ligand 1 i.e., -14.71 and -2.88 respectively. Again ligand L4 and L5 showed moderate score of -14.33 and -13.89 respectively. QSAR model was prepared for eight thiolactomycin compounds and the plot was generated. That was employed to predict the activity of the selected ligands. The prediction showed that ligand L4 and L5 have lower IC50 value of 2.81 µM and 1.62 µM. So these can be potent drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis. The statistical analysis revealed highly significant correlation amongst the data.
Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC) Associated with Lebanese Fresh Produce

Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), the most common cause of food-borne illness, is associated with several human gastrointestinal and systemic diseases such as diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). In the present study, a total of 145 samples of Lebanese fresh produce were investigated for the occurrence of STEC, it was found that 39(26.8%) produce items were fecal E.coli contaminated, the highest contamination occurred in leafy green produce (purslane, thyme, parsley and lettuce) except peppermint items were fecal E. coli free. The isolates were subjected to PCR detection of STEC using primers specific for stx1, stx2, eaeA, ehlyA, and fliC virulence genes, it was showed that 7 produce samples were confirmed to contain STEC (two lettuce, two thyme, one tomato, one cucumber and one radish). Among seven STEC-positive isolates, six isolates were stx1-postive, three of which were fliC-postive and could be classified as O157:H7, on the other hand three isolates were stx2-postive and two isolates were eaeA-positive. However, ehlyA was not detected in any of the isolates. It was revealed that 18(46.2%) isolates were resistant to some of the antibiotics used in the present study, 9(23%) of which are considered to be multidrug resistant since they showed resistance to 3antibiotic classes ( -lactam, tetracycline and folate inhibitor). The antibiotics to which resistance was detected are: Amoxicillin /Clavulanic acid, Piperacillin / Tazobactam, Tetracycline and Sulphamethoxazole /Trimethoprim. Wild type E.coli J53 Azide acquired resistance to antibiotics mentioned above after conjugation with one of MDR isolates. This result indicates a high possibility of horizontal gene transfer between bacteria, via plasmids or transposons, and therefore contributing in the increase of the resistant genes in the environment. K e y w o r d s
Optimal harvesting considering biological and economic objectives

Most examinations of optimal harvesting policies have considered only biological objectives, yet it is increasingly recognized that a primary objective of many fisheries is economic profitability. Using Bayesian risk analysis, we compare policies that combine fish harvesting, the revenue brought in by fish sales, the cost of harvesting and processing, and processing and fishing capacity to find policies that maximize biological yield and economic profit to the processing and harvesting sectors for a major Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) fishery in Bristol Bay, Alaska. We show that although average catch is maximized by a fixed escapement policy, total revenue is maximized by a policy that includes some harvesting at stock sizes below that required to produce maximum average catch. In addition, there is a wide range of policies that provide 90% of the maximum for any of the biological and economic objectives considered. Economic profitability is enhanced by limitations on processing and harvesting capacity.
THE ILIOSACRAL ARTICULATION IN PSEUDINAE (ANURA: HYLIDAE)

We analyzed the iliosacral joint and iliolumbaris muscle anatomy of the species of Pseudinae, based on the two types of articulations defined by Emerson. Unusual characters should be expected in the pseudine iliosacral articulation structure, given their aquatic habits and evolutionary history. In fact, the presence of a ligamentous cap joining the ilium with the sacral diapophysis has not been described previously, and may be unique to pseudines. This particular group lacks a single pattern of iliosacral articulation for the whole subfamily, and the articulations are not strictly referable to any of the types or subtypes described by Emerson. The iliosacral articulation is interspecifically variable within Pseudinae and is intermediate between the articulations of Type IIA and IIB.
Genetic Assessment of Some Pheasant Species from Dhodial Pheasantry Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

The present research was carried out to distinguish three species of pheasants at molecular level. Fourteen RAPD Primers were used over the nine samples of three pheasant species. On average 3.35 alleles were amplified and the average genetic distance estimated was 7%-63%. Nine samples of three species were clustered into two groups using dendrogram. Group A comprised of samples of Lady Amherst (Chrysolophus amherstiae) and Golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) while group B comprised of Yellow Golden (Chrysolophus pictus mut. luteus). It is concluded that the Lady Amherst and Yellow Golden are most distantly related, so the crossing of these two species is recommended for creating maximum genetic diversity.
Gene Expression Changes In Heifers Treated Multiple Times For Bovine Respiratory Disease

84 Introduction . 85 Methods and Materials . 89 Results. 94 Discussion . 95 Conclusions. 98 Literature Cited . 99 Figures Table 1: RT-PCR primers . 107 Table 2: Biological data of heifers treated for BRD . 108 Figure 1: Fold change expression of FBXW12 in SCF . 109 Figure 2: Healthy versus chronic fold change expression of FBXW12 in SCF tissue . 109 Figure 3: Fold change expression of FBXW12 in LM tissue . 110 Figure 4: Healthy versus chronic fold change expression of FBXW12 in LM tissue . 110 Figure 5: Fold change expression of 26S in LM tissue . 111 Figure 6: Healthy versus chronic fold change expression of 26S in LM tissue . 111 Figure 7: Fold change expression of NF-κB in SCF tissue . 112 Figure 8: Healthy versus chronic fold change expression of NF-κB in SCF tissue . 112 Figure 9: Fold change expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) within SCF tissue . 113 Figure 10: Fold change expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in LM tissue. 113 Figure 11: Healthy versus chronic fold change expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in LM tissue . 113 Figure 12: Fold change expression of haptoglobin (HP) in SCF . 114 Figure 13: Healthy versus chronic fold change expression of haptoglobin (HP) in SCF tissue . 114
Genotyping of Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans Isolates Recovered from Human, Animals and Soil in El-Fayoum Governorate

3 Abstract: In the present work RAPD-PCR was used to study the relatedness among 10 strains of bot h Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans previously isolated from man, animals and soil in El-Fayoum Governorate. The profile of DNA fragments for C. albicans strains showed the differentiation of the genomic DNA of C. albicanss isolates into numbers of DNA bands, which were different in molecular weight. The dendogram analysis of RAPD pattern of C. albicans isolates using specific primers divided the isolates into 3 groups of high similarity (92 - 100 %) and a group of low similarity (21%). These results indicated that the strains that were isolated from the same source of samples gave a high degree of similarity between DNA fragments as in human vaginal and throat swabs. The dendogram analysis of RAPD pattern of C. neoformans isolates revealed a high similarity between most of the isolates that varied between 92 - 100 %. It was observed, that the strains isolated from different sites in the same species gave a high degree of similarity. On the other hand, the similarity among animal and soil isolates was low (19- 30 %), although it was 92-93 % among the vaginal isolates of buffaloes, cows and soil samples.
Finger Prints

Human haemoglobin, like the domestic pea, is one of the cornerstones of the building of genetics. The Garrod-Bateson concept of one gene one enzyme arose in the early I900's from the study of a few metabolic diseases. The refinement of this to the concept that one triplet of bases length of DNA codes one amino acid developed from the work starting in the late I940's by Pauling, Ingram, Kendrew, and others on the structure of normal and abnormal haemoglobins simultaneous with the development of the Watson-Crick model of DNA. Lehmann and Huntsman have written a most attractive account of the haemoglobin and its variants, describing not only the molecular, clinical, and pathological aspects, but also something of the contribution of the study of haemoglobins to population genetics, evolution, and anthropology. The haemoglobin of the lug-worm is saturated at only 4 mm. oxygen tension. The more complex molecules made of several haemoglobin units characteristic of vertebrates have the advantage of a sigmoid dissociation curve. The closer two animals are taxonomically, the more similar will be their haemoglobins. The sites of attachment of the vital haem groups are evolutionarily conservative; even the carp and man have some amino acids in this region in common. The horse, pig, and rabbit have polypeptide chains differing from the human chain by about 20 amino acids in each chain. Man and gorilla have two amino acid differences in their a chains and one in their ,B chain. Man and chimpanzee have no detectable differences in either chain. The gene for the a chain is oldest, and it is suggested that from a duplicated a chain gene was derived the gene for the y chain, which in turn gave rise to the 1 gene which more recently still gave rise to the 8 gene. The 1, 5, and probably the y gene locus are closely linked. Minor haemoglobin variants, depending usually on single amino acid substitutions, contribute not only to the understanding of the racial relations in man, but also, for example, of the relative contributions of the tropical humped cattle and the European aurochs to domestic breeds, and of the origins of domestic sheep. Haematologists will welcome the detailed descriptions of techniques which form the last third of the book and are based on the authors' very extensive experience in the detection of abnormal haemoglobins. A much wider group of geneticists and medical practitioners will find this a book which they greatly enjoy reading and wish to have on their own shelves. C. 0. CARTER
Characteristics of a Lake Sturgeon Spawning Population Sampled a Half Century Apart

ABSTRACT A lake sturgeon spawning assessment study conducted in the late 1940s below a dam on the Ottawa River, Canada was repeated over a 3-year period in 2001–2004. The objectives of the survey were to determine whether lake sturgeon, a long-lived species, continue to congregate at this location during the spawning period and to assess changes in the characteristics of the spawning population since 1949. Eighty-three lake sturgeon were caught, including 10 recaptures, over the 3-year survey with the majority of sturgeon sampled in 2003. The Schnabel population estimate for the 2003 spawning stock was 202 (93–378; 95% C.I.). Mean size of lake sturgeon sampled in the current survey (118.0 ± 12.8 S.D.) was greater than in the historical survey (101.7 ± 11.5 S.D.). However, lake sturgeon < 110 cm TL comprised only 31.1% of the sturgeon sampled in this survey whereas they comprised the majority of the catch in 1949 (69.9%), suggesting the population is experiencing a recruitment problem. Weight-length relationships of lake sturgeon did not vary between studies. Growth differed between studies which may be a function of aging error.
Proposal for creation of a "zoning with regulation of use in the Cananéia estuarine-lagoon complex" aiming the conservation of the estuarine dolphin, Sotalia guianensis (van Bénéden) (Cetacea, Delphinidae)

The increase in human activities in the coastal region has affected the stability of certain cetacean populations. In the Southeastern Brazilian coast, the populations of estuarine dolphins, Sotalia guianensis (van Beneden, 1864) suffer strong pressure as a result of long exposure to pollution, reduction of habitats, by-catch and tourism. Since 1981, the Instituto de Pesquisas Cananeia (IPeC) studies the biology and ecology of the estuarine dolphin in the Cananeia-Paranagua estuarine-lagoon complex. Since then, we have obtained information on group structure, population density, reproduction, foraging, behavior, acoustics, video identification and interactions with other species, including the local human community. These data indicates that the traffic of fishing boats does not interfere in the activities of the estuarine dolphin. However, small boats with outboard motor may interfere physically; through collisions with dolphins or stressing them, and also may interfere in their acoustic behavior. Therefore, with the intention of acting effectively in the conservation of the estuarine dolphin, without excluding human activities we formulated a proposal for creation of an area of "zoning with regulation of use" which consists in outlining sectors of greater density of dolphins in the Cananeia estuarine-lagoon complex.
Moonshine

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DESCRIPTION OF A NEW ARCTIA FROM COLORADO

Anterior wings rich chocolate - brown with creamy white stripes or markings. Costal margin lighter brown. A broad line running from the base of the median vein nearly to the posterior angle, where it becomes slightly forked; from this proceeds a slightly curved narrower branch, from the centre of the wing nearly to the costal edge, and one-third the distance from the apex ; a zigzag mark composed of three straight lines, the first being the broadest, and the third one-half the length of the others, proceeds from the outer angle, where it joins the first line, and terminates under the costal edge; the whole forming a distinct W crossed at the top by the transverse band. Inner edge faintly marked with creamy white.
Influence of day and night temperature differentials on root elongation rate, root hydraulic properties, and shoot water relations in chrysanthemum.

The difference between night and day temperature (DIF = day - night temperature) has been shown to affect plant height. A positive DIF (+DIF), cooler night than day temperature, increases stem elongation while a negative DIF (- DIF), warmer night than day temperature, decreases stem elongation. The physiological mechanism underlying the growth response to DIF is not understood, however, and the effects of day/night temperature differentials on root permeability to water and root elongation rate have not been studied. The objective of this study was to describe how +DIF and -DIF temperature regimes affect leaf water relations, root water flux (Jv), root hydraulic conductivity (Lp), and root elongation rates of 'Boaldi' chrysanthemum (Dendranthema ×grandiflora Kitam. 'Boaldi' (syn. Chrysanthemum ×morifolium Ramat.)) plants over time. Leaf turgor pressure (ψ ψ ψ ψp) was 0.1 to 0.2 MPa higher in plants grown in a +6 °C DIF environment throughout both the light and dark periods, relative to those in a -6 °C DIF environment. Jv differed markedly in roots of plants grown in +DIF vs. -DIF environments. Rhythmic diurnal patterns of Jv were observed in all DIF treatments, but the relative timing of flux minima and maxima differed among treatments. Plants grown in positive DIF regimes exhibited maximum root flux at the beginning of the light period, while those in negative DIF environments had maximum root flux during the first few hours of the dark period. Plants grown in +DIF had significantly higher Lp than -DIF plants. Plants grown in +DIF and -DIF environments showed differences in the diurnal rhythm of root elongation. During the dark period, +DIF plants exhibited minimal root elongation rates, while -DIF plants exhibited maximal rates. During the light period, the converse was observed. In -DIF temperature regimes, periods of rapid root elongation coincided with periods of high Jv. Results of this study suggest that negative DIF environments lead to leaf turgor reductions and markedly alter diurnal patterns of root elongation. These changes may, in turn, act to reduce stem elongation. adopted as a nonchemical means of plant height control in many
Development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae based the dsbE-like gene

This paper reports on the development and validation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (LAMP) for the rapid and specific detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pleuropneumoniae). A set of six primers were designed derived from the dsbE-like gene of A.pleuropneumoniae and validate the assay using 9 A. pleuropneumoniae reference/field strains, 132 clinical isolates and 9 other pathogens. The results indicated that positive reactions were confirmed for all A. pleuropneumoniae strains and specimens by LAMP at 63oC for 60 min and no cross-reactivity were observed from other non-A.pleuropneumoniae including Haemophilus parasuis, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Streptococcus suis, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and Pseudorabies virus. The detection limit of the conventional PCR was 102 CFU per PCR test tube, while that of the LAMP was 5 copies per tube. Therefore, the sensitivity of LAMP was higher than that of PCR. Moreover, the LAMP assay provided a rapid yet simple test of A. pleuropneumoniae suitable for laboratory diagnosis and pen-side detection due to ease of operation and the requirement of only a regular water bath or heat block for the reaction.
Range extension, new state record and geographic distribution map of Acratosaura mentalis (Amaral, 1933) (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae)

We provide new records of Acratosaura mentalis from three localities in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, these records extending the known geographical distribution of the species to the municipalities of Sertânia, Custodia and Floresta. We also report A. mentalis from the municipality of Mauriti, which is the first record for the state of Ceara, Brazil.
Fast and accurate detection of evolutionary shifts in Ornstein–Uhlenbeck models

The detection of evolutionary shifts in trait evolution from extant taxa is motivated by the study of convergent evolution, or to correlate shifts in traits with habitat changes or with changes in other phenotypes. We propose here a phylogenetic lasso method to study trait evolution from comparative data and detect past changes in the expected mean trait values. We use the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process, which can model a changing adaptive landscape over time and over lineages. Our method is very fast, running in minutes for hundreds of species, and can handle multiple traits. We also propose a phylogenetic Bayesian information criterion that accounts for the phylogenetic correlation between species, as well as for the complexity of estimating an unknown number of shifts at unknown locations in the phylogeny. This criterion does not suffer model overfitting and has high precision, so it offers a conservative alternative to other information criteria. Our re‐analysis of Anolis lizard data suggests a more conservative scenario of morphological adaptation and convergence than previously proposed. Software is available on GitHub.
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation in the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone

We investigated the microbial pathways of nitrogen (N) loss in an April 2005 transect through the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) at 12°S latitude using short anaerobic incubations with 15N‐labeled substrates and molecular‐ecological and lipid‐biomarker studies. In incubations with 15NH4+, immediate production of 14N15N, but not 15N15N, indicated that N2 was produced by the pairing of labeled 15NH4+ with in situ 14NO2− via anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). Supporting this finding, we also found anammox‐related 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequences similar to those previously known from other marine water columns in which anammox activity was measured. We identified and enumerated anammox bacteria via fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantitative polymerase chain reaction and found ladderane membrane lipids specific to anammox bacteria wherever anammox activity was measured by our isotope tracer method. However, in incubations with 15NO3− or 15NO2−, in which denitrification would have been expected to produce 15N15N by pairing of oxidized 15N ions, 15N15N production was not detected before 24 h, showing that denitrification of fixed N to N2 was not taking place in our samples. At the time and locality of our study, anammox, rather than denitrification, was responsible for N2 production in the Peruvian OMZ waters.