Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finer scale mapping with super resolved GF-4 satellite images

High-resolution (HR) remote sensing images are characterized by rich and detailed ground object information with more complex structures of the ground object which make the interference information is more difficult to process. It has always been the focus of domestic and foreign researchers that how to obtain more accurate and higher quality ground object information from these images. The GF-4, the world's first geostationary orbit with high spatial resolution remote sensing satellite, can provide high temporal resolution, large width and 50m pixel resolution of remote sensing data by using area array imaging technology. However, the GF-4 image is a medium resolution and low resolution (LR) image data with relatively vague details of ground objects and not obvious relationships between objects which limit the acquisition of the ground object information to some extent. Therefore, in this paper, we analyze the influence of various factors in the imaging process and construct an image degradation model according to the characteristics of GF-4 satellite images. We adopted the super resolved (SR) method based on Mixed sparse representations (MSR) to increase the spatial resolution of the GF-4 image by twice as much, which not only enriched the detailed information of the image, but also improved the image quality. For the results of SR of GF-4 imagery, we adopted the Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) method to perform image classification test and result verification. The experimental area selected in this paper is Yantai City, Shandong Province, China, the LANDSAT 8 OLI data is used as a training sample to calculate the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient after classification. The results show that the overall accuracy of the superreconstructed result data is 40% higher than that of the source image data from GF-4, especially when the spectral characteristics of the ground objects are obviously different, the accuracy is more obvious. The Kappa coefficient increased 0.4, the extracted outline is more complete and the classification details are more refined.
Energy landscape of resting magnetoencephalography reveals fronto-parietal network impairments in epilepsy

Abstract Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a form of idiopathic generalized epilepsy. It is yet unclear to what extent JME leads to abnormal network activation patterns. Here, we characterized statistical regularities in magnetoencephalograph (MEG) resting-state networks and their differences between JME patients and controls by combining a pairwise maximum entropy model (pMEM) and novel energy landscape analyses for MEG. First, we fitted the pMEM to the MEG oscillatory power in the front-oparietal network (FPN) and other resting-state networks, which provided a good estimation of the occurrence probability of network states. Then, we used energy values derived from the pMEM to depict an energy landscape, with a higher energy state corresponding to a lower occurrence probability. JME patients showed fewer local energy minima than controls and had elevated energy values for the FPN within the theta, beta, and gamma bands. Furthermore, simulations of the fitted pMEM showed that the proportion of time the FPN was occupied within the basins of energy minima was shortened in JME patients. These network alterations were highlighted by significant classification of individual participants employing energy values as multivariate features. Our findings suggested that JME patients had altered multistability in selective functional networks and frequency bands in the fronto-parietal cortices.
Quasi-distributed temperature sensing using apodized fiber Bragg grating array

Drawing-tower fiber Bragg grating (FBG) array can be used in health monitoring of bridges, pipelines and some largescale projects to realize temperature, stress and vibration quasi-distributed sensing. The grating array sensing system can detect the changes of the tested physical parameters by measuring the central wavelength of the grating. However, for the sensing system based on identical grating array consisting of uniform FBGs, it cannot measure accurately the shift of the reflective wavelength of a grating in the array due to the sidelobe superposition of the gratings. Compared with uniform Bragg grating, apodized FBG has smaller reflection peak sidelobes. It means that the reflection power of the apodized FBG can be concentrated to the central wavelength region, and the reflection peak signal will be not interfered with those of other gratings. In this paper, an apodized FBG array was in-line fabricated in a single mode fiber by on a drawing tower and used for dense quasi-distributed temperature sensing. The obtained apodized FBGs have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.09 nm and their sidelobes were decreased by -21.9 dB. A 1000-meter-long array consisting of 10000 apodized gratings was successfully fabricated and used for quasi-distributed temperature sensing. These gratings have good consistency, low transmission loss and good mechanical properties. Experimental results show that the array can accurately measure quasi-distributed temperature fields and the temperature sensitivity is 10.15 pm/°C. It is expected that the apodized grating array can find more applications in many fields.
A microwave mixer with mixing spurs suppression based on a tunable microwave photonic filter

A microwave mixer based on a tunable microwave photonic filter is presented and experimentally demonstrated. The tunable microwave photonic filter consists of a broadband optical source and a dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator employing a variable optical carrier time-shift method. The central frequency of the tunable single-passband filter can be tuned by adjusting an optical variable delay line. The filter can select the wanted mixing components and suppress the other mixing spurs. Experiments are performed and the results show that the out-of-band rejection ratio of the filter is over 45 dB. The up-converted and down-converted signals are successfully selected, and the unwanted mixing spurs are effectively suppressed.
Ultra-rapid large deployable antennas using UAV for HF and lower frequency applications

This study presents the ultra-rapid deployable UAV antennas for VLF, LF, MF, and HF applications. The proposed compact design consisting of the flexible radiating structure carried and positioned by the multi-rotor UAV can significantly reduce the antenna size, weight, and cost. It is basically intended for tactical communication, underground/underwater radio, and surface-wave radar applications but with simpler, lighter, and cheaper structures. Simulated and measured results substantiate that the proposed method can be employed to provide satisfactory radiation characteristics for large antenna systems. Moreover, this UAV antenna can be used to realize the dynamic polarization and pattern tuning of the antenna.
The influence of atmospheric profile resolution on modelling propagation effects in high-elevation scenarios

Using seasonally averaged meteorological and spectrally resolved aerosol profiles extracted from a maritime environment, this paper investigated how the resolution of the vertical profiles influences the 3-5μm and 8-12μm average transmittance and integrated path radiance computations conducted by MODTRAN in high-elevation scenarios. First, the minimum altitude to which the atmosphere should be defined in order to accurately determine the transmittance and path radiance along vertical and slant paths was investigated by recursively removing vertical layers until the relative changes in the transmittance and path radiance became smaller than those due to instrument uncertainty. Once this minimum height was found, the vertical resolution in the atmosphere below the minimum altitude was systematically varied. The suitability of several gradient-based criteria has been investigated to determine the optimal discretization of the vertical profiles. The results indicate that, depending on the quantity to be calculated, vertical discretizations based on the gradient in either the pressure, temperature or humidity serve as optimal discretizations in maritime high-elevation scenarios. Moreover, the followed methodology demonstrates how to adaptively implement a vertical resolution in a generic atmosphere, which generates crucial knowledge in supporting signature and sensor performance modelling for high-elevation scenarios.
A facile way to synthesize dual-drug delivery nanocarrier for highly efficient therapy and tracing of intracellular drug release

Dual-drug delivery systems designed for effective therapy is receiving much attention in cancer treatment, however, monitoring of the stimuli-responsive multi-drug release dynamics in living cells is still challenging. Here, a dual drug nanocarrier has been successfully synthesized using functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs). To obtain effective combination therapy, CNTs are used for loading dual drugs, that is, 6-thioguanine (6TG) and doxorubicin (DOX). By using label-free surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and fluorescence techniques, the release dynamics of the loaded two kinds of drugs can be traced in living cells. In this nanocarrier, 6TG was conjugated to the surfaces of gold-silver core-shell nanoparticles (Au@Ag NPs). Release of 6TG can be triggered by glutathione (GSH). DOX was loaded onto CNTs surfaces via π–π stacking, which exhibits a pH-responsive release behavior. To investigate the intracellular traceable delivery performance of this nanocarrier, the dual drug loaded nanocarrier was incubated with living HeLa cells. Experimental results indicated that this dual drug nanocarrier can effectively enter into HeLa cells. And the release of 6TG and DOX were triggered by the substation of GSH and the acidic environment of lysosomes, respectively. By recording the real-time SERS and fluorescence signals of dual-drug inside HeLa cells, we can successfully monitor the dynamic process of intracellular drug release. Moreover, the combination of 6TG and DOX exhibited a synergistic effect to enhance the efficacy of cancer therapy. This kind of dual drug nanocarrier presents a new perspective for the design of smart multi-drug delivery systems for cancer therapy.
An automatic approach to map refreezing ice in radar sounder data

Radar sounders mounted on airborne platforms have acquired data of the subsurface of the Earth's icy areas over the last decades. These data, called radargrams, contain information on the dielectric discontinuities in the ice-sheets, and thus on the buried geological structures and the related processes. Conventionally, these structures have been characterized and mapped by visually inspecting the radargrams. However, visual inspection is subjective and time-consuming and can lead to misinterpretations. Recently, state-of-the-art automatic techniques are proposed to map the position of the bedrock, the ice layering, and the noise in the radargram. However, there are no automatic techniques for mapping the basal refreezing, which is an important ice target that controls the rate of sea-ward ow of the ice-sheets. This paper proposes an automatic method to map the refreezing ice in radargrams. We model the refreezing ice considering its geophysical and radiometric properties. Then, we design a set of features considering this model to perform a classification of the radargrams into four classes, i.e., ice layering, echo-free zone (EFZ) and thermal noise, bedrock, and the refreezing ice. We applied the proposed method to radargrams acquired in the north Greenland by Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder (MCoRDS3), a radar sounder designed by the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS). The results indicate a good overall accuracy. The accuracy of refreezing ice is high, while that of the other classes is comparable with the state-of-the-art techniques. The results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed features in mapping the refreezing ice.
Comparison of ecosystem functional type patterns at different spatial resolutions in relation with FLUXNET data

The present study aims at analyzing the role of spatial resolution in Ecosystem Functional Types (EFT) time series’ patterns by comparing their spatial variability, retrieved at 300 m (MERIS products) and 30 m (Landsat products) of spatial resolution, with time series of Fluxnet in situ measurements, such as gross primary production (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET). EFT maps at both spatial resolutions for 2005 and 2009 year in Sudan study region were generated, with a classification system of 64 categories. However, the 50% of the study area was covered by four representative EFTs. The main result at fine spatial resolution, related to the 2005-2009 comparison, shows a clear pattern of vegetation with high productivity and low seasonality in both years. At coarse spatial resolution, EFTs located in shrublands or forests regions are more difficult to be clearly detected. The presented methodology is absolutely replicable for using Sentinel-2 (MSI) images and Lansat-8 (OLI) in cases where the data availability of fluxnet database reaches the Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 active period.
Research on BP neural network for terahertz image segmentation

Terahertz digital holographic reconstructed images are vulnerable to noise pollution. This paper uses neural network to segment terahertz image, because this method is insensitive to noise. Firstly, the training sample image is decomposed into several sub-images, and the backward propagation(BP) neural network is trained by them. At the same time, the optimal number of hidden layer neurons is selected. Then the trained neural network is applied to the segmentation of terahertz image. Different segmentation results are obtained by changing the variance of noise in the training sample image. The best segmentation results and training samples are determined by using the mean structural similarity(MSSIM). Finally, compared with the classical image segmentation algorithm, the results show that the segmentation effect of the neural network is better.
Ultraviolet transmissions measurements along a horizontal near ground path in Nordic environment

Results are reported from a study of propagation near-ground within the solar blind ultraviolet wavelength range, including measurements of ultraviolet transmission along a horizontal path. In addition a discussion is presented about ozone data measured at 41 stations spread across Sweden, collected and stored by the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) and the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA). In connection with this a simple statistical analysis of occurrence of the ground ozone is done. The transmission measurements were made along slightly inclined path of 1830 m during the period from mid- November 2018 to mid-January 2019. The transmission values were collected together with weather data including measurement of ozone content in the atmosphere. A simple model for ultraviolet transmission that takes into account both visibility and measured ozone content has been developed. This model shows a difference to the model found in the Modtran program, often used to predict atmospheric transmissions in several wavelength bands including ultraviolet wavelengths. Overall, the new model shows a weaker connection between ultraviolet extinction, ozone content and visibility compared to Modtran. Data from the countrywide ozone measurements as well as data collected in connection with transmission measurement showed variations in the atmospheric ground-level ozone content that are not easily explained from weather parameters alone. Reports, see for instance [2], state that it is volatile hydrocarbons and other molecules, both natural and anthropogenic, along with solar radiation that influence the amount of ozone. The variation of both volatile hydrocarbons and solar radiation together with a variation in wind direction and speed have an impact of varying transmission. In practice all measured ozone values during conditions with low relative humidity were relatively high. There was also a high correlation between high ozone values and high wind velocities. The relation between ultraviolet extinction deduced from measurements and the corresponding values for the visual wavelength range and corresponding values calculated using Modtran show different relationships. The transmission measurements in the ultraviolet wavelengths range showed that the amount of aerosols has no major significance for the ultraviolet extinction at visual ranges above 15 km. Due to the short period of data collection, mostly fall-like weather conditions, the conclusions that can be drawn from the measurements are limited. Furthermore, the ground-level horizontal measurements make it very hard to draw conclusions about the ultraviolet transmission at higher air layers.
3D radar sounder simulations of geological targets on Ganymede Jovian Moon

Subsurface investigation of the Jovian icy moons is expected to disclose interesting information on the Jovian system. The Radar for Icy Moon Exploration (RIME) is the instrument in charge of characterizing the subsurface of the three icy moons Ganymede, Europa and Callisto. To provide a key for interpretation for the real acquired data, simulations of different possible scenarios on Ganymede are presented in this work. In this paper, we present an approach to performance analysis of RIME based on the 3D modelling and electromagnetic simulations of selected icy moon targets. These simulations are carried out using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) technique, which has been used in recent years to support radar sounder applications. In this work, we analyze in detail some interesting targets: 1) the dark terrain regolith, 2) the bright terrain dielectric profile, and 3) the grooved bright terrain. Our analysis is performed in two levels. First, the contribution of individual features is analyzed, varying their geometry and composition to understand how the measured fields vary accordingly. Second, a more realistic geological arrangement of a combination of subsurface features is considered. The results are very promising and indicate that the subsurface response is detectable in most of the cases.
DEM generation using point cloud from ICESat and high-resolution satellite stereo images for Indian region

Precise quantification of land surface dynamics finds its way in various applications ranging from hydrological modeling to disaster management studies. The elevation accuracy of global DEMs generated though stereo images and interferometric techniques are prone to bias due to vegetation and built-up structure. Thus, the global elevation models depict the surface elevations rather than bare earth elevation. Recent advancement in point cloud processing from LiDAR has paved way for isolating ground points i.e., bare earth points from nonground points, thus improving bare earth model generation. Point clouds generated through photogrammetric techniques from very high resolution stereo images has been a promising alternative to LiDAR data. The objective of this study is to understand the capability of point cloud data from spaceborne LiDAR and high resolution stereo images for creating accurate bare earth models for Indian region. This study employs point cloud obtained from ICESat mission and point cloud generated from high-resolution satellite stereo images from Cartosat-1 mission. Various parameters extracted from ICESat waveform were used to extract the bare earth footprints. Filtering techniques were used to extract ground points from photogrammetrically derived point cloud. The bare earth points were interpolated to generate DEM. Resultant DEM were compared to global DEM for elevation changes with respect to different land cover classes.
Protective Effects of Resveratrol Supplementation on Contusion Induced Muscle Injury

Muscle injuries frequently occur in contact sports events. The current treatment options for soft tissue injuries remain suboptimal and often result in delayed or incomplete recovery of damaged muscles. Resveratrol (RES) is a phenolic phytochemical, well-known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of RES supplementation on inflammation and regeneration in skeletal muscle after a contusion injury, in comparison to a conventional treatment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). After one week of acclimation, forty eight -week-old male ICR mice were randomly divided into the five groups (n=8 per group): 1) normal control (NC), 2) mass-drop injury without any treatment (mass-drop injury, MDI), 3) post-injury NSAID treatment (MDI+ 10mg/kg NSAID), 4) post-injury RES supplementation (MDI+ 25mg/kg/day RES) and 5) post-injury treatment with RES and NSAID (MDI + resveratrol+ NSAID). After muscle contusion injury of the left gastrocnemius muscle, RES or NSAID were orally administered post-injury once a day for 7 days. Results showed that the MDI group had significantly higher serum uric acid (UA), CREA (creatinine), LDH (lactic dehydrogenase) and creatine kinase (CK) than the normal control group. Treatment with resveratrol reduced muscle damage as evidenced by the significantly decreased serum levels of UA, CREA, LDH and CK after contusion-induced muscle injuries in mice. In addition, RES and RES + NSAID groups promoted muscle satellite cell regeneration with increase in desmin protein after injury. Our results suggest that resveratrol combined with NSAID potentially improve muscle recovery and may be a potential candidate for further development as an effective clinical treatment for muscle repair.
Neuroprotective Effect of Optimized Yinxieling Formula in 6-OHDA-Induced Chronic Model of Parkinson's Disease through the Inflammation Pathway

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN)-striatum circuit, which is associated with glial activation and consequent chronic neuroinflammation. Optimized Yinxieling Formula (OYF) is a Chinese medicine that exerts therapeutical effect and antiinflammation property on psoriasis. Our previous study has proven that pretreatment with OYF could regulate glia-mediated inflammation in an acute mouse model of PD induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Given that PD is a chronic degeneration disorder, this study applied another PD animal model induced by striatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to mimic the progressive damage of the SN-striatum dopamine system in rats. The OYF was administrated in the manner of pretreatment plus treatment. The effects of the OYF on motor behaviors were assessed with the apomorphine-induced rotation test and adjusting steps test. To confirm the effect of OYF on dopaminergic neurons and glia activation in this model, we analyzed the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and glia markers, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the SN region of the rat PD model. Inflammation-associated factors, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), were further evaluated in this model and in interferon-γ- (INF-γ-) induced murine macrophages RAW264.7 cells. The results from the in vivo study showed that OYF reversed the motor behavioral dysfunction in 6-OHDA-induced PD rats, upregulated the TH expression, decreased the immunoreactivity of Iba-1 and GFAP, and downregulated the mRNA levels of TNF-α and COX-2. The OYF also trended to decrease the mRNA levels of IL-1β and iNOS in vivo. The results from the in vitro study showed that OYF significantly decreased the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2. Therefore, this study suggests that OYF exerts antiinflammatory effects, which might be related to the protection of dopaminergic neurons in 6-OHDA-induced chronic neurotoxicity.