Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development Targets and Costs

This paper presents some analytical techniques to help policymakers gauge the technical and fiscal feasibility of development targets. While each of the techniques discussed below has deficiencies, taken together they have proven very useful in providing a sense of realism to target setting. The paper begins with a review of issues involved in target setting. It then presents three methods for assessing the technical viability of development targets, gradually moving from low data- and skill-intensive to more demanding tools. Next, the paper discusses two broad sets of techniques for estimating the cost and fiscal feasibility of reaching specific targets, as well as a number of issues to be considered when gauging a country’s capacity to implement the related program. The paper ends with some concluding remarks.
Detecting reaction movement patterns in trajectory data

Movement patterns structure large trajectory data sets and allow a better understanding of the dynamics amongst moving objects. This paper proposes patterns that model the reaction behavior between two individuals of different types of moving objects, as in predatorprey or female-male behavior patterns. Inspired by behavioral ecology, reaction movement patterns for pursuit and escape, avoidance, and confrontation are conceptualized, formalized, and algorithmically detected. The approach is evaluated through a set of numerical experiments with simulated and observed trajectory data.
Implications of a λ - µ relationship for Z-R relationships

Findings of systematic quadratic relationships between the size and shape parameters of gamma drop size distribution (DSD) functions fitted to observed raindrop spectra have been reported, though those findings are the subject of some debate (e.g., Zhang et al. 2001, 2003; Seifert 2005; Moisseev and Chandrasekar 2007). Problems have been noted with some of the data selection and statistical analysis procedures underlying those findings; in particular, the values of the DSD parameters have routinely been estimated with moment methods that can be subject to substantial biases and errors (Robertson and Fryer 1970; Smith et al. 2009). Nevertheless, similar findings continue to emerge from more careful analyses of observed raindrop size spectra. For purposes of the present discussion we take those findings as a point of departure, albeit with some reservations. Then analysis of the relationships between moments of the gamma DSD function under the constraint of such a relationship between its parameters suggests that the associated Z-R relationship may be linear, or nearly so.
Data hiding in digital images using a partial optimization technique based on the classical LSB method

This paper presents a new partial optimization approach for the least significant bit (LSB) data hiding technique that can be used for protecting any secret information or data. A deterioration effect of as little as possible in an image is intended using the LSB data hiding technique and this is well realized utilizing the proposed partial optimization approach achieving the same data embedding bit rates. In the proposed approach, all of the image pixels are classified into 8 regions and then the 8 distinct ordering codings are applied to each region by the developed partial optimization encoder. Thus, the most effective outcome that has been obtained from the 8 regions means that the number of the altered bits is kept minimized. Hence, the minimal values that have been attained from the 8 regions enable decoding that ensures relatively small distortions on the extracted cover image.
Development of output geographies for comparative and temporal census research

The potentiality exists for a multitude of different geographic objects to be established from the same census dataset. Faced with a variety of aggregation procedures it is critical that we develop research into geographic objects based on a standard methodology which satisfies a set of specific aggregation criteria. If not anarchy will prevail in the form of copious new output geographies. This would be a disaster in that geographic objects are of fundamental importance to the study of both physical and human geographic structures. In census geography the study of geographic objects primarily aims at acquiring vital information on differences between cities, the evolution of those cities and the study of urban management. After initially discussing the issue of which aggregation procedure to use this paper adopts a standard procedure, that of the fragmentation and objectification analysis, which is applied to a racelethnicity dataset for Los Angeles. As displayed in the Los Angeles application the number of types of major fragments and geographic objects that exist in this city are very limited, but the number of geographic objects are many. Los Angeles beyond the two citadels of the Whites and the barrio of the Hispanics is a very fragmented city.
The effect of four different cooling procedures on the dimensional stability of microwave-activated acrylic resin at different time intervals

Acrylic denture bases are commonly made of poly methyl methacrylate with different processing methods such procedure deliver denture with acceptable mechanical properties and certain unavoidable dimensional changes. Several factors may affect final adaptation of the dentures as the type of the acrylic resin, the cooling procedures of the flasks and the water uptake. This study was design to investigate the effect of four different flask cooling procedure (running water at room temperature for 15 minutes, bench cooling for one hour, bench cooling for four hours and bench cooling for 24 hours) on the dimensional stability of microwave acrylic resin at four different time intervals (immediately, two days, seven days, 30 days) after deflasking. Materials and methods: Microwave-activated acrylic resin (Acron TM MCGC 2AB) was used to prepare (20) acrylic specimens. Then after curing procedure different ways of flask cooling was applied for cooling the flasks (rapid cooling for 15 minutes, bench cooling for one hour, bench cooling for four hours and bench cooling for 24 hours) then measurement of the distances where achieved between the centers of selected marks in (mm) after computerized scanning of the acrylic specimens at different time intervals (immediately, two days, seven days, 30 days) after deflasking for the 4 different methods of flask cooling. Results: The statistical analysis of the results using t test showed that the samples of one hour and four hours bench cooling groups were insignificant difference from the metal pattern at different time intervals. The quenching group was significant difference from the metal pattern at all time intervals. And the result of 24 hour bench cooling group show a significant difference from the metal pattern at immediate and 2days after deflasking when compared with the metal pattern while it show insignificant difference from the metal pattern at 7 and 30 days after deflasking. Conclusion: In this study we suggest kept of the microwave acrylic resin in the flask for 1hour and 4hour after
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CHANGES IN HABITAT CONDITIONS AND POPULATION DENSITY OF AN INTRODUCED POPULATION OF SIGNAL CRAYFISH (PACIFASTACUS LENIUSCULUS IN A FLUVIAL SYSTEM.

After the disappearance of the native crayfish in many rivers in Biscay, Basque Country, Spain, the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus was introduced in the main fluvial stretches and several breeding populations have established. One of the most productive zones was the Cadagua River, where the population was established from 1989 (first introduction) to 1995. Starting from that year, a marked decrease in population was recorded downstream, and this fact is studied in relation to fluctuations in physical and chemical conditions caused by human perturbations in the fluvial corridor mainly caused by the construction of a road.
Two Paths to Financial Distress

One finding of recent empirical studies is that financially distressed stocks have large dispersion in their book to market value of equity (BM) ratios. In this paper we provide an explanation based entirely on rational decision making by investors. Our main argument is that the likelihood of a firm becoming either a low or high BM firm when it is distressed depends largely on the correlation between the cash flows of current and future projects. We provide a simple illustration of how this correlation affects firm characteristics. The associated predictions are consistent with the extant empirical evidence. We also derive several new predictions that are supported by our empirical tests.
Metamorphism of stratified firn at Dome Fuji, Antarctica: A mechanism for local insolation modulation of gas transport conditions during bubble close off

[1] The evolution of the structure of a 112.59 m long firn core recovered at Dome Fuji, East Antarctica, was investigated in order to improve understanding of firn densification and bubble formation processes, which are important for interpreting local insolation proxies used for astronomical dating of deep ice cores. Using selected samples, we measured physical properties including (1) the relative dielectric permittivities in both the vertical and horizontal planes, (2) the bulk density at a resolution of millimeters, (3) the three-dimensional geometric structure of pore space, and (4) crystal orientation fabrics. We found that the firn at Dome Fuji contains horizontal strata with thicknesses of several centimeters. Near the surface of the ice sheet, these strata are characterized by contrasting bulk density. Earlier field studies suggest that summer insolation causes densification of surface firn. Down to ∼30 m, density maxima exhibited a clear positive correlation with the strength of structural anisotropy and c axis clustering around the vertical. In contrast, the correlation is negative in deeper firn, confirming previous findings that initially less dense firn became denser than initially dense firn. In addition, numerous examples of textures indicating that deformation preferentially occurred in weaker layers were found. Moreover, the initially dense firn layers were more permeable for air near the bottom of firn. We propose a model linking firn properties with conditions for the gas transport processes near the bottom of firn. The model explains how stronger insolation can lead to bulk ice with a lower O2/N2 ratio and smaller total gas content.
Pilot-scale production and optimizing of cellulolytic Penicillium oxalicum for controlling of mango malformation

Penicillium oxalicum Curie et Thom isolated from blossom of mango (var. Saddekia) was evaluated against mango malformation incited by Fu- sarium subglutinis. Both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The mechanism of this isolate for controlling Fusarium was the reduction of growth development. The Penicillium oxalicum isolate produced extracellular cellulolytic enzymes (exo-glucanase or cellobiohydrolases and endo-glucanase, that possibly related to the biocontrol process. Optimize and fermentation conditions (growth period, carbon and nitrogen sources) for spores and cellulolytic enzymes production were determined. Liquid formulation containing (6 × 106) with sodium alginate (0.5%) and Tween 80 (0.01%) was used. For field evaluation, susceptible cultivars as Ewais, Saddika, Alphonso, Taimour and Zebda were selected. Liquid bioformulations were sprayed twice and 30 days intervals. The spray was initiated from pre-flowering stage. Bioformulation was found to be significant in reducing the malformation incidence. Results cleared that spraying of liquid bioformulations, substantially improved the fruit numbers and yield for the five mango cultivars and suggested to be most promotive for fairly quality in tested cultivars.
Chemosensitizer effect of the crude oil water solution fraction on multixenobiotic resistance mechanism of the mussel Perna perna exposed to tributyltin

Tributyltin (TBT) and Water-Soluble Fraction (WSF) of crude oil are usually present in estuarine coastal waters. The transport of rhodamine B by multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) mechanism and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis were used for the experimental evaluation of the individual and associated sublethal effects of TBT and WSF on the gills of Perna perna . The combined effects of WSF and TBT were studied. A set of experiments consisted in testing 25ng TBT/L and different WSF concentrations, whereas another set consisted in assays with 33% WSF and different TBT concentrations. The results showed an inhibition in the MXR transport activity of mussels exposed to 75 and 100% of WSF, while the concentration upper than 300 ng TBT/L induced the same mechanism. The results showed that TBT increases the effect of WSF when they are exposed together. Morphological analysis showed gills lesions only in the group of WSF. The observed disturbs were due to the organization of cilia on the surface of the lamellae with potential consequence to feed and gas exchange.
Local Wisdom in Governance Natural Resources Management

This study aimed to describe governance based on local wisdom in the management of water resources in some areas in Malang, East Java, Indonesa. Discussions focused on local knowledge as social capital in meeting water needs of society, and society as a form of protection against water resources. Governance in water resource management organizations chosen because it has its own uniqueness in the management of the organization. The study also aims to explore the local values ​​of any underlying organizational governance because in the beginning, the organization managing the water resources to grow with traditional values. To achieve the objectives of this study, the researchers chose to use a qualitative approach. The findings show that the Council consensus and cooperation is the center of the uniqueness of governance based on local wisdom that produces: (1) selection of the orientation of the water resources management institution that emphasizes efforts to maximize the usefulness of water for the people of maximizing profits; (2) still bound water resource management organization with institutional rural communities by promoting the power of social capital, particularly the dimension of trust and patience among residents. Although concomitant change in space, time, mode of organization and human resources, but in substance, the uniqueness of governance by promoting local wisdom still performing well. The role of local wisdom in the governance of water resources to maintain balance and harmony with nature society particularly in efforts to manage water resources in a sustainable manner. Keywords: local knowledge, governance, natural resources
COSMOGRAIL XVII: Time delays for the quadruply imaged quasar PG 1115+080

We present time-delay estimates for the quadruply imaged quasar PG 1115+080. Our resuls are based on almost daily observations for seven months at the ESO MPIA 2.2m telescope at La Silla Observatory, reaching a signal-to-noise ratio of about 1000 per quasar image. In addition, we re-analyse existing light curves from the literature that we complete with an additional three seasons of monitoring with the Mercator telescope at La Palma Observatory. When exploring the possible source of bias we consider the so-called microlensing time delay, a potential source of systematic error so far never directly accounted for in previous time-delay publications. In fifteen years of data on PG 1115+080, we find no strong evidence of microlensing time delay. Therefore not accounting for this effect, our time-delay estimates on the individual data sets are in good agreement with each other and with the literature. Combining the data sets, we obtain the most precise time-delay estimates to date on PG 1115+080, with Dt(AB) = 8.3+1.5-1.6 days (18.7% precision), Dt(AC) = 9.9+1.1-1.1 days (11.1%) and Dt(BC) = 18.8+1.6-1.6 days (8.5%). Turning these time delays into cosmological constraints is done in a companion paper that makes use of ground-based Adaptive Optics (AO) with the Keck telescope.
Electronic structure near an impurity and terrace on the surface of a three-dimensional topological insulator

Motivated by recent scanning tunneling microscopy experiments on surfaces of Bi$_{1-x}$Sb$_{x'}$\cite{yazdanistm,gomesstm} and Bi$_2$Te$_3$,\cite{kaptunikstm,xuestm} we theoretically study the electronic structure of a 3-dimensional (3D) topological insulator in the presence of a local impurity or a domain wall on its surface using a 3D lattice model. While the local density of states (LDOS) oscillates significantly in space at energies above the bulk gap, the oscillation due to the in-gap surface Dirac fermions are very weak. The extracted modulation wave number as a function of energy satisfies the Dirac dispersion for in-gap energies and follows the border of the bulk continuum above the bulk gap. We have also examined analytically the effects of the defects by using a pure Dirac fermion model for the surface states and found that the LDOS decays asymptotically faster at least by a factor of 1/r than that in normal metals, consistent with the results obtained from our lattice model.
Genetic relatedness among Romanian olive trees and varieties using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers.

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) a nalys is was used to s tudy the genetic variations among and within different individuals o f Ro ma n ian olive trees from two regions Tafilah and Ajlun along with s ix varieties . Four primer combinations were used which pro d u ced about 538 amplified fragment. Dendrogram and matrix of s imilarity were obtained by the Unweighted Pair-Group Method analys is (UPGM A ). Ajlun Romanian o liv e trees formed a separated group and most of Tafilah trees were formed with a separated grou p . Hig h s imilarity (39%) among all tes ted individuals was observed between two samples of Ajlun. Among varieties Rasee and Improved Nabali were showed high s imilarit y (25%). AFLP confirmed that their is a genetic variations within Romania n o liv e tress which lead to enlarge the s tudying those trees morphologically and biochemically to entering p ro mis e o n es within breeding programs in the future. Finally, AFLP has a powerful tool for detecting ge n e t ic v a riability among cultivars and species help in known the pedigree of relatives and ances tors .
MAPPING OF CORAL REEF ENVIRONMENT IN THE ARABIAN GULF USING MULTISPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING

Coral reefs of the Arabian Gulf are subject to several pressures, thus requiring conservation actions. Well-designed conservation plans involve efficient mapping and monitoring systems. Satellite remote sensing is a cost-effective tool for seafloor mapping at large scales. Multispectral remote sensing of coastal habitats, like those of the Arabian Gulf, presents a special challenge due to their complexity and heterogeneity. The present study evaluates the potential of multispectral sensor DubaiSat-2 in mapping benthic communities of United Arab Emirates. We propose to use a spectral-spatial method that includes multilevel segmentation, nonlinear feature analysis and ensemble learning methods. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used for comparison of classification performances. Comparative data were derived from the habitat maps published by the Environment Agency-Abu Dhabi. The spectral-spatial method produced 96.41% mapping accuracy. SVM classification is assessed to be 94.17% accurate. The adaptation of these methods can help achieving well-designed coastal management plans in the region.
GOVERNANCE THROUGH CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AS A KEY ORGANIZATIONAL PRINCIPLE

This article addresses Governance through Corporate Social Responsibility as a Key Organizational Principle. The notion of etic and emic depicts the definitional status of CSR. Etic represents the universal recognition of CSR and emic represents the unique implementation of CSR in an organization. This article proposes that organizations behave like complex adaptive systems with complex interactions needing socially responsible strategies. This article describes French based SUEZ’s emic responses to achieve responsible Governance in terms of CSR. A recipe or menu approach to Governance through CSR is inappropriate. SUEZ has acted as a model for recognizing etic and emic differentiation, using CSR as the Key Organizing Principle that allows adaptability in a socially responsible way and developed specific guidelines incorporating the needs of diverse stakeholders.
Sport and politics in Croatia - Athletes as National Icons in History Textbooks

Strong relationship between sport and politics in everyday life is evident. Research on this topic has usually been concentrated on the relation between sport and nations. Despite that, research on the process of national identity (re)construction is still relatively rare. Therefore, as one aspect of that process, we have decided to do a research on the role of representation of sport in history textbooks. History textbooks represent an important tool in the construction and dissemination process of „official“ historical narratives in all states and societies, because the nation-states impose themselves as representatives of general public interest and they seek to retain control over school curriculum in order to validate the current system. When it comes to nation-states, one of the main goals of education is (re)construction of national identity among the youngest members of society. That was one of our initial theses in our analysis of the representation of sport in Croatian history textbooks for the final grades of primary and secondary schools in the period from 1918 to 2014. Our aim was to define the role of athletes and sport in general – both in the process of (re)construction of national identity and in the context of the process of modernization.
Quality of coffee produced in the Southwest region of Bahia, Brazil subjected to different forms of processing and drying

1 Empresa Baiana de Desenvolvimento Agrícola, Rua Siqueira Campos, 132, Centro, CEP: 45.000-455, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil. 2 Departamento de Fitotecnia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Estrada do Bem Querer, Km 04, Bairro Universitário, CEP: 45.083-900, Caixa Postal: 95, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil. 3 Centro Tecnológico do Sul de Minas, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Campus da UFLA, CEP: 37.200-000, Caixa-Postal: 176, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
Morphological profile of goalball athletes

Muchos estudios estan dirigidos a determinar el perfil fisico de los atletas de diferentes deportes, sin embargo, hay una falta de estudios sobre el deporte paralimpico. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar y comparar el perfil morfologico de atletas de Goalball de la Asociacion de Santa Catarina de Deporte Adaptado (ACESA) con un atleta paralimpico del equipo de Goalball Nacional de Brasil. Variables antropometricas y somatotipo de los siete atletas de Goalball de ACESA se midieron (36 ± 12,85 anos). Los resultados muestran que el atleta paralimpico de Goalball es mas alto que los otros y tiene un mejor perfil ecto-mesomorfo, mientras que los atletas ACESA tienen mayor grasa corporal y el perfil mesomorfico balanceado . Sobre los valores de proporcionalidad (puntuaciones z), los deportistas ACESA mostraron promedios cercanos a 0,00 y el atleta paralimpico mostro valores negativos en todas las variables medidas, a excepcion de la masa corporal magra. Por otra parte, se observo una heterogeneidad considerable entre los atletas de ACESA. Sin embargo, hay que considerar que el conjunto de capacidades fisicas y habilidades especificas para el deporte es lo que podria predecir los mejores jugadores. Este estudio anade informacion relevante para la caracterizacion morfologica de los jugadores de goalball y sirve de referencia para futuros estudios.