Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of psychiatric co morbidities in traumatic amputees - a cross sectional study from Kashmir (Indian Part).

Background and objectives: Loss of a limb for any a reason is a major event with profound implications on the psychological health of an individual involved. Due to prevailing sociopolitical disturbances in Kashmir Valley (Indian administered) and lack of epidemiological data, a study of amputation and its co-morbid psychiatric conditions seems crucial for planning care management for these patients. The aim of our current study was to study various socio-demographic variables of amputees and to find prevalence of psychiatric disorders in amputees from the out-patient population. Methods: A total of 100 consecutive cases of amputation were studied. Patients who had an amputation were identified and diagnosed according to DSM-IVcriteria for psychiatric co morbidities. Epidemiological and demographic data obtained from the interview of the subjects was analysed and simple percentages were obtained. Prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidities and indication for the amputation were calculated. Results: In our study we found that, majority (45%) of the amputees were males in the age group of 15-30 years from rural areas (81%) with low literacy rates. Motor vehicle accident accounts for majority (53%) of amputations followed by 21% from ongoing sociopolitical disturbance (landmines, blast, firearms). The most common co-morbid psychiatric condition in our study was major depressive disorder (63%). 40% of patients were suffering from anxiety disorders which included 20% as PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder), 4% as ssPTSD (sub syndromal PTSD), 10% as GAD (Generalized Anxiety Disorder), and 6% as panic disorder. Conclusion: Most of the patients with psychiatric co-morbidities were males of younger age group from rural areas. Major depressive disorder was the most common comorbidity.
Impact of the penalty points system on road traffic injuries in Spain: a time-series study.

OBJECTIVES We assessed the effectiveness of the penalty points system (PPS) introduced in Spain in July 2006 in reducing traffic injuries. METHODS We performed an evaluation study with an interrupted time-series design. We stratified dependent variables-numbers of drivers involved in injury collisions and people injured in traffic collisions in Spain from 2000 to 2007 (police data)--by age, injury severity, type of road user, road type, and time of collision, and analyzed variables separately by gender. The explanatory variable (the PPS) compared the postintervention period (July 2006 to December 2007) with the preintervention period (January 2000 to June 2006). We used quasi-Poisson regression, controlling for time trend and seasonality. RESULTS Among men, we observed a significant risk reduction in the postintervention period for seriously injured drivers (relative risk [RR] = 0.89) and seriously injured people (RR = 0.89). The RRs among women were 0.91 (P = .095) and 0.88 (P < .05), respectively. Risk reduction was greater among male drivers, moped riders, and on urban roads. CONCLUSIONS The PPS was associated with reduced numbers of drivers involved in injury collisions and people injured by traffic collisions in Spain.
The association between social factors and physical activity among low-income adults living in public housing.

OBJECTIVES We sought to examine the association between structural, functional, and normative social factors and physical activity among urban, low-income, racially/ethnically diverse adults. METHODS We conducted a baseline cross-sectional survey among residents of 12 low-income housing communities in metropolitan Boston, Massachusetts. Participants were also asked to wear a pedometer for 5 days. We analyzed complete data from 1112 residents (weighted n = 1635). RESULTS Residents with smaller social networks were significantly less physically active than were residents with larger social networks (b = -1503.7; P = .01) and residents with conflicting demands were more active than were residents with none (b = 601.6; P = .01), when we controlled for employment status, gender, poverty level, current health status, age, and perceived safety. Social networks were most strongly associated with physical activity among Hispanics and younger residents (aged 18-35 years). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that social factors, including social networks and role-related conflicting demands, may be important drivers of physical activity among low-income populations. Researchers and practitioners should consider social factors in developing multilevel physical activity interventions for this population.
The unintentional injurer: results from the Boston youth survey.

OBJECTIVES We sought to provide additional information about the characteristics of adolescents who were most likely to cause unintentional injury to other people. METHODS In 2008, as part of a randomized survey of high-school students in the Boston Public School system, more than 1800 respondents answered questions about unintentionally causing an injury to someone else in the past year. RESULTS More than 20% of boys and 13% of girls reported unintentionally injuring another person in the past year. Being male, exercising, participating in organized activities, and having carried a knife were risk factors for unintentionally causing an injury during sports. Using illegal drugs, having friends who are a bad influence, and having carried a knife were risk factors for unintentionally causing an injury not associated with sports. CONCLUSIONS Unintentionally injuring another person is a fairly common event for high-school students. Characteristics differ between adolescents who unintentionally injure others during sports versus those who unintentionally injure others during nonsports activities. Many of the risk factors for causing unintentional injury unrelated to sports are similar to those for intentionally causing injury.
Mapping tobacco quitlines in North America: signaling pathways to improve treatment.

OBJECTIVES This study was designed to better understand how the network of quitlines in the North American Quitline Consortium (NAQC) interact and share new knowledge on quitline practices. METHODS Network relationship data were collected from all 63 publicly funded quitlines in North America, including information sharing, partner trust, and reputation. RESULTS There was a strong tendency for US and Canadian quitlines to seek information from other quitlines in the same country, with few seeking information from quitlines from the other country. Quitlines with the highest reputation tended to more centrally located in the network, but the NAQC coordinating organization is highly central to the quitline network-thus demonstrating their role as a broker of quitline information. CONCLUSIONS This first "snapshot" of US and Canadian quitlines demonstrated that smoking cessation quitlines in North America are not isolated, but are part of an interconnected network, with some organizations more central than others. As quitline use expands with the inclusion of national toll-free numbers on cigarette packs, how quitlines share information to improve practice will become increasingly important.
"The Big WHY": Philip Morris's failed search for corporate social value.

OBJECTIVES We examined Philip Morris USA's exploration of corporate social responsibility practices and principles and its outcome. METHODS We analyzed archival internal tobacco industry documents, generated in 2000 to 2002, related to discussions of corporate social responsibility among a Corporate Responsibility Taskforce and senior management at Philip Morris. RESULTS In exploring corporate social responsibility, Philip Morris executives sought to identify the company's social value-its positive contribution to society. Struggling to find an answer, they considered dramatically changing the way the company marketed its products, apologizing for past actions, and committing the company to providing benefits for future generations. These ideas were eventually abandoned. Despite an initial call to distinguish between social and economic value, Philip Morris ultimately equated social value with providing shareholder returns. CONCLUSIONS When even tobacco executives struggle to define their company's social value, it signals an opening to advocate for endgame scenarios that would encourage supply-side changes appropriate to the scale of the tobacco disease epidemic and consistent with authentic social value.
The influence of implicit bias on treatment recommendations for 4 common pediatric conditions: pain, urinary tract infection, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and asthma.

OBJECTIVES We examined the association between pediatricians' attitudes about race and treatment recommendations by patients' race. METHODS We conducted an online survey of academic pediatricians (n = 86). We used 3 Implicit Association Tests to measure implicit attitudes and stereotypes about race. Dependent variables were recommendations for pain management, urinary tract infections, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and asthma, measured by case vignettes. We used correlational analysis to assess associations among measures and hierarchical multiple regression to measure the interactive effect of the attitude measures and patients' race on treatment recommendations. RESULTS Pediatricians' implicit (unconscious) attitudes and stereotypes were associated with treatment recommendations. The association between unconscious bias and patient's race was statistically significant for prescribing a narcotic medication for pain following surgery. As pediatricians' implicit pro-White bias increased, prescribing narcotic medication decreased for African American patients but not for the White patients. Self-reported attitudes about race were associated with some treatment recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Pediatricians' implicit attitudes about race affect pain management. There is a need to better understand the influence of physicians' unconscious beliefs about race on pain and other areas of care.
Evaluation of glycated albumin and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Diabetic patients with accompanied (but often unnoticed) dyslipidemia are soft targets of cardiovascular deaths. An early intervention to normalize circulating lipids shown to reduce cardiovascular complications and mortality. Now a day’s Glycated albumin (GA) is a routinely used marker for short-term glycemic control. This investigation is an attempt to evaluate the association between GA and various lipid parameters. Venous blood samples collected from 100 type-2 diabetic patients (46 males, 44 females) and serum analyzed for GA, Fasting blood glucose, Total Cholesterol, Triacylglycerols, HDL-C and LDL-C. L/H risk ratio is also calculated. The levels of GA (%) did not differ significantly between males (8.51 ± 1.17) and females (8.24 ± 1.89), whereas male patients had higher mean values of FBG and various lipid parameters than in females. Patients with GA value >17.0 % showed direct and significant correlation with FBG, TC, LDL-C, L/H risk ratio as compared to patients with GA ≤ 17.0%. There was no significant difference in TG, HDL-C between two groups of glycated albumin. These findings indicate that GA is utilized for screening high risk diabetic patients for early diagnosis of dyslipidemia and timely intervention with lipid lowering drugs.
Sexual minority status and self-rated health: the importance of socioeconomic status, age, and sex.

OBJECTIVES I examined how sexual minority status, as indicated by sex of sexual partners, is associated with self-rated health and how socioeconomic status suppresses and age and sex moderate this association. METHODS I used multinomial logistic regression to analyze aggregated data from the 1991 to 2010 General Social Survey, a population-based data set (n = 13,480). RESULTS Respondents with only different-sex partners or with any same-sex partners reported similar levels of health. With socioeconomic status added to the model, respondents with any same-sex partners reported worse health than those with only different-sex partners, but only if sexual intercourse with same-sex partners occurred in the previous 5 years. Age and sex moderated this relationship: having any same-sex partners was associated with worse health for women but not men and among younger adults only. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between sexual minority status and self-rated health varies across sociodemographic groups. Future research should use population-level data to examine other health outcomes and continue to explore how the intersection of sexual minority status and other sociodemographic indicators shapes health.
Health, Developmental and Support Needs of Vulnerable Children – Comparing Children in Foster Care and Children in Need

The health needs of children in foster care (FC) have been well described and pathways to health assessment established. Such pathways for other vulnerable children are scarce. We aimed to describe the health and service needs of children attending community paediatric (CP) clinics specifically set up for children exposed to psychosocial risk factors in South Western Sydney (SWS), and to compare the needs of children in FC to those in parental care. We analysed the clinic records of all children attending CP clinics for vulnerable children in SWS in 2008. Of the 98 children seen, the mean age was 4.6 years, the majority (88%) had abuse documented and 57 per cent were in FC. Family risk factors included parental substance use (65%), domestic violence (57%) and parental mental health disorder (33%). Health needs identified included speech delay (45%), developmental delay (39%) and incomplete immunisation (34%); many children required specialist referral. Behavioural and educational difficulties were encountered in almost one-half of the children. There were no significant differences in health/support needs between those in FC and those in parental care. Pathways to early identification/intervention need to be broadened beyond those established for children in FC, to include those exposed to a range of psychosocial adversities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ‘Behavioural and educational difficulties were encountered in almost one-half of the children’ Key Practitioner Messages: Children in FC and children exposed to psychosocial adversities have a range of health, developmental and psychosocial problems. There are no differences in health or service needs of children exposed to psychosocial adversities, whether they are in FC or parental care. Early identification can lead to intervention and the amelioration of risks. Improving access to paediatric and psychosocial assessments for all vulnerable children rather than just children in care is crucial. ‘Early identification can lead to intervention and the amelioration of risks. ’
TELEMEDICINE SYSTEMS: METHODS FOR SAFETY AND QUALITY OF SERVICE ANALYSIS OF SYSTEMS CONNECTED VIA A COMMUNICATION NETWORK

BACKGROUND - Although telemedicine was developed in the 1960s, it is only in recent years that its full application has become possible with the improvement of communication networks and the introduction of mobile terminals. The most successful applications have been developed in the fields of cardiology (with the trans-telephonic electrocardiograph), infectious disease assistance (for remote monitoring of individual patients as well as for the prompt notification of infectious and communicable diseases), and of teleconsultancy of experts. Telemedicine is especially required when it is difficult to provide local health services (e.g., on ships, aircrafts, in case of major regional crises). Currently, many telemedicine applications are based on public mobile networks (PMNs). In these cases, the dependability of services based on PMN connections (such as voice and data connections) is required to avoid that adverse events (such as failure of PMN main elements or PMN resource contention) may affect the delivery of health services. OBJECTIVES - Major regional crises (e.g., great floods and earthquakes) may require telemedical assistance based on PMNs. In telemedical and civil protection applications, telemedical assistance systems (TASs) based on PMNs are proposed as prototype systems for the diagnosis and medical treatment of victims of catastrophic events.
Controlling teenagers' drinking: Effects of a community-based prevention project

Aims: The study presents the evaluation results of the age-limit component of a community-based prevention project called PAKKA. The project aimed to reduce alcohol availability among those under 18, which is the legal age for purchasing alcohol. The interventions consisted of law enforcement, community coalitions and community mobilization. Data and methods: The effects of the interventions were measured in a quasi-experimental research-setting with a matched control area before (2004) and after (2006/7) the interventions. The data included under-age purchase trials, a population survey and a school-based survey. Results: According to the purchase trials, the age limit control in the shops improved between the measuring points, and the young people reported in surveys that it had become more difficult to obtain alcohol. However, changes in the intervention and the control areas were similar. This can partly be explained by increased surveillance in addition to spill-over effects of PAKKA-interventions into the control areas. Conclusions: Local coalitions can be important tools in reducing alcohol availability among minors. The quasi-experimental research-setting has its methodological limitations in assessing the intervention's impact given the overlap in local and national processes seen in the case of the PAKKA project.
Military sexual trauma among US servicewomen during deployment: a qualitative study.

OBJECTIVES We explored qualitatively US servicewomen's experiences with and perceptions of military sexual trauma (MST), reporting, and related services. METHODS From May 2011 to January 2012, we conducted 22 telephone interviews with US servicewomen deployed overseas between 2002 and 2011. We analyzed data thematically with modified grounded theory methods. RESULTS Factors identified as contributing to MST included deployment dynamics, military culture, and lack of consequences for perpetrators. Participants attributed low MST reporting to negative reactions and blame from peers and supervisors, concerns about confidentiality, and stigma. Unit cohesion was cited as both a facilitator and a barrier to reporting. Availability and awareness of MST services during deployment varied. Barriers to care seeking were similar to reporting barriers and included confidentiality concerns and stigma. We identified several avenues to address MST, including strengthening consequences for perpetrators. CONCLUSIONS We identified barriers to MST reporting and services. Better understanding of these issues will allow policymakers to improve MST prevention and services.
Talking about Cigarettes: Conversational Narratives of Health and Illness

In this article an argument is put forward that narratives of health and illness that are drawn from conversational rather than textual sources require a particular type of analysis. In common with other research on talk, it is argued that conversational narration is a joint activity and that the form and context of its telling can tell us as much about lay understandings of health as can the content of its stories. Analyses of narratives co-told during an interview are presented to consider how narration is used to rehearse plausible and implausible past, current and future actions and to bring off an entitlement to an unhealthy habit. The empirical material is drawn from a single interview selected from a collection of interviews on the subject of smoking. Only one interview is drawn upon to allow the narrative rather than the semiotic structurings of the material to be represented and analysed in depth.
Traffic fatality reductions: United States compared with 25 other countries.

OBJECTIVES I compared US traffic fatality trends with those in 25 other countries. METHODS I have introduced a new measure for comparing safety in different countries: traffic deaths in a specific year relative to largest annual number recorded. I used only data from the International Road Traffic Accident Database. RESULTS The United States is a unique outlier. Fatalities in all 25 other countries declined further after reaching their maximum values. For example, the United States and the Netherlands both reached maximum values in 1972. From 1972 to 2011 US deaths declined by 41%, whereas those in the Netherlands declined by 81%. If US fatalities had declined by 81% there would have been 22 000 fewer US road deaths in 2011. If the United States matched percentage declines of 6 additional countries, US deaths would have declined by more than 20 000. CONCLUSIONS If US traffic deaths had declined by the same percentage as in any 1 of 7 other countries, more than 20 000 fewer Americans would have been killed in 2011.
Multivariate statistical interpretation of laboratory clinical data

Laboratory aids are extensively used in the diagnosis of diseases, in preventive medicine, and as management tools. Reference values of clinically healthy people serve as a guide to the clinician in evaluating biochemical parameters. Determination of 21 biochemical parameters of healthy persons using standard methods of analysis. Cluster analysis and principal components analysis were applied on the above 21 biochemical parameters data. The application of a typical classification approach as cluster analysis proved that four major groups of similarity between all 21 clinical parameters are formed, which correspond to the authors assumption of the existence of several summarizing pattern of clinical parameters such as “enzyme,” “major component excretion”, “general health state,” and “blood specific” pattern. These patterns appear also in the subsets obtained by separation of the general dataset into “male”, “female”, “young”, and “adult” healthy groups. The results obtained from principal components analysis have additionally proved the validity of a similar assumption. The intelligent data analysis on the clinical parameter dataset has shown that when a complex system is considered as a multivariate one, the information about the system substantially increases. All these results support an idea that probably a general health indicator could be constructed taking into account the existing classification groups in the list of clinical parameters.
Growing Up in a Violent Home: The Lived Experience of Daughters of Battered Women

Although children of battered women have received increased attention in recent years, little is known about the lived experience of growing up in a home in which the mother and possibly others are regularly abused. To better understand the family as context, life histories were collected from 10 resilient adult daughters who had grown up in violent homes. This report of the biological, social, cultural, and psychosocial dimensions of their experience reveals lives in which tension, fear, and episodes of violence were pervasive. Although not invulnerable, these daughters of battered women were able to maintain a sense of self and live rewarding lives, despite concerns about stigma and retribution.