Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategies for the Long-Term Preservation of Site for Future Implantation of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs): Two Decades of Experience

Introduction Implantation of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) is an art of science. As the volume of implantation has increased worldwide, so has the rate of complications. Infection, fibrosis, lead and device erosion, lead displacement, right ventricle perforation, lead fracture, and insulation break are the common complications in the implantation process. This exposes the patient for reopening and threatens the implantation for further complication due to infection, fibrosis of veins, failure to retrieve the implanted wire, and failure to re-implant the device on the same site. We slightly changed our implantation technique to preserve the implantation site for future implantation and reduce the rate of complication in the index implantation. Methods This randomized control trial was conducted from January 2016 to September 2019 at Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, Pakistan. A consecutive sampling technique was used to obtain a sample size of 602 patients keeping a 95% confidence interval and a 5% margin error. We adopted a strategy to take prick, for implantation of devices, inside the pocket, which reduces the number of sutures, hastens the procedure, prevents erosion, and minimizes the chance of subclavian crush syndrome and insulation break. We also selected the minimum possible length of leads. This will possibly decrease the chances of cumbersome fibrosis around the lead and device and will make future implantation convenient. Results There was a total of 602 procedures in the study period. About 253 (42%) procedures were done in the newly adopted strategy and 349 (58%) were performed in the conventional way. Our complication rate grossly reduces in the novel way of implantation in which we took our prick inside the pocket. Conclusion A slight modification in the implantation of CIEDs not only prevents the rate of complication in the index implantation but will also possibly preserve the site for future implantation.
A COMPREHENSIVE QRS DETECTION METHOD BASED ON EXCLUSIVE MOTHER WAVELET AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

Detecting the QRS complex on an ECG signal leads to precious information about the signal under study. Different noises, arrhythmias, and diseases alter the shape and energy of the signal, making it harder to detect the QRS points. Several algorithms for QRS detection have been proposed and most of them merely focus on precision improvement, and therefore certain limitations have emerged with regard to deployment of these algorithms. As a result, while developing the new algorithm, not only efforts have been made to keep the precision at a high level, but also it has been tried to keep an eye on the generality of the algorithm, and to eliminate the end user limitations as much as possible. To this end, we have used an exclusive mother wavelet together with an artificial neural network to develop an algorithm which not only has superior precision, but also does not require changing the tuning parameters for each different signal. In other words, the algorithm extracts the required parameters automatically. In this method, first, an exclusive mother wavelet identical to the input signal is formed. Then, by using the mother wavelet, matrices containing sufficient data to be processed by the neural network are developed. Using these matrices, the existing QRSs will be detected with a sensitivity of 99.81[Formula: see text] on MIT-BIH and 99.49[Formula: see text] on physiozoo datasets.
Skin mimicking solid optical tissue phantom fulfillment and its characterization

Skin mimicking optical tissue phantoms are widely used in diagnostics systems for characterization, optimization, routine calibration and validation. In general, solid phantoms are more preferred in comparison to liquid phantoms. Therefore, our aim is to prepare and characterize the solid tissue phantoms having skin equivalent optical properties. In this work, we have used epoxy resin and hardener as a base material and titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and ink as a scatterer and absorber media, respectively. The total transmission (Tt), collimated transmission (Tc), and diffuse reflectance (Rd) spectra of the developed phantoms were measured with an integrating sphere installed in UV-VIS spectrometer within the wavelength range 400-700 nm. To characterize the optical properties such as absorption (μa), reduced scattering (μs’), and anisotropy factor (g) of the developed tissue phantoms, the numerical model based on Inverse Adding Doubling (IAD) has been used. With various concentrations of absorber and scatterer, a calibration curve was prepared. The calculated experimental optical properties from IAD matched with the predicted intrinsic optical properties of the skin. Thus, the preliminary results suggest that the recipe used in this study may be used as an alternative approach to developing skin mimicking solid optical phantom for diagnostics system applications.
Stability response of alpine meadow communities to temperature and precipitation changes on the Northern Tibetan Plateau

Abstract Biomass temporal stability plays a key role in maintaining sustainable ecosystem functions and services of grasslands, and climate change has exerted a profound impact on plant biomass. However, it remains unclear how the community biomass stability in alpine meadows responds to changes in some climate factors (e.g., temperature and precipitation). Long‐term field aboveground biomass monitoring was conducted in four alpine meadows (Haiyan [HY], Henan [HN], Gande [GD], and Qumalai [QML]) on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. We found that climate factors and ecological factors together affected the community biomass stability and only the stability of HY had a significant decrease over the study period. The community biomass stability at each site was positively correlated with both the stability of the dominant functional group and functional groups asynchrony. The effect of dominant functional groups on community stability decreased with the increase of the effect of functional groups asynchrony on community stability and there may be a ‘trade‐off’ relationship between the effects of these two factors on community stability. Climatic factors directly or indirectly affect community biomass stability by influencing the stability of the dominant functional group or functional groups asynchrony. Air temperature and precipitation indirectly affected the community stability of HY and HN, but air temperature in the growing season and nongrowing season had direct negative and direct positive effects on the community stability of GD and QML, respectively. The underlying mechanisms varied between community composition and local climate conditions. Our findings highlighted the role of dominant functional group and functional groups asynchrony in maintaining community biomass stability in alpine meadows and we highlighted the importance of the environmental context when exploring the stability influence mechanism. Studies of community stability in alpine meadows along with different precipitation and temperature gradients are needed to improve our comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms controlling alpine meadow stability.
Тажрибавий остеомиелитда иммун тизим ҳужайралари ўзгаришларининг хусусиятлари

Тажрибавий ўткир остеомиелитларнинг лаборатория ҳайвонларида олиб борилган иммунологик ва микробиологик тадқиқотлар натижасида ўткир остеомелит кечишининг иммун тизими марказий аъзолари - тимус ва суяк кўмиги, шунингдек, ичак лимфатик тугунлари ҳужайралари миқдори ва унинг ядро сақловчи ҳужайралар антиген стимулидаги ўзгаришлари ҳамда иммун тизим ҳужайралари миқдорий ўзгаришлари интенсивлиги касаллик кечиши динамикасида ўрганилди. Тажрибада ўрганиш натижалари келтирилган ушбу кўрсаткичдан тажрибавий ўткир остеомиелитларнинг лаборатория ҳайвонлари иммун тизими миқдорий ва сифатий кўрсаткичларига таъсир даражасини ўрганиш кулай эканлиги исботланган, олинган натижалар илмий-тадқиқот ишларини бажариш ва натижаларини таҳлил этишда фойдаланиш учун тавсия этилди.
Pemberian Bahan Amandemen untuk Perbaikan Retensi Hara Tanaman Jeruk Manis (Citrus sinensis L.) di Desa Talimbaru Kecamatan Barusjahe Kabupaten Karo

This study aimed to determine the diverification of the amendment to the base saturation and production of sweet orange. This research was conducted in plantation citrus Talimbaru Village Barusjahe District Regency of Karo with plant age of ± five years and soil analysis at the Laboratory of PT. Socfin Indonesia and Laboratory Research and Technology Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra. This experiment using a Nonfaktorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) which consists of 5 treatments, namely B0 = Without Amendment (control), BP1 = Cow Manure (8,07 kg/plant), BP2 = Chicken Manure (8.15 kg/plant) , BA1 = Powder Ash (8,11 kg/plant), and BA2 = Shells Palm Oil (8.15 kg/plant) three replications. This research was conducted for 4 months. The parameters were measured soil pH, organic-C, P-available, N-total, CEC, K-exchange, Ca-exchange, Mg-exchange, Na-exchange, base saturation, and production citrus. The results showed that application of amendment materials palm shells and cow manure can improve base saturation so that citrus fruits production increased. Cow manure amendment supply bases Ca and Mg while shells palm oil supply base K in the soil. All amendment increased pH and soil organic C. Keywords : Cow Manure, Chicken Manure, Powder Ash, Shells Palm Oil, Nutrient Retention, Citrus This study aimed to determine the diverification of the amendment to the base saturation and production of sweet orange. This research was conducted in plantation citrus Talimbaru Village Barusjahe District Regency of Karo with plant age of ± five years and soil analysis at the Laboratory of PT. Socfin Indonesia and Laboratory Research and Technology Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra. This experiment using a Nonfaktorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) which consists of 5 treatments, namely B0 = Without Amendment (control), BP1 = Cow Manure (8,07 kg/plant), BP2 = Chicken Manure (8.15 kg/plant) , BA1 = Powder Ash (8,11 kg/plant), and BA2 = Shells Palm Oil (8.15 kg/plant) three replications. This research was conducted for 4 months. The parameters were measured soil pH, organic-C, P-available, N-total, CEC, K-exchange, Ca-exchange, Mg-exchange, Na-exchange, base saturation, and production citrus. The results showed that application of amendment materials palm shells and cow manure can improve base saturation so that citrus fruits production increased. Cow manure amendment supply bases Ca and Mg while shells palm oil supply base K in the soil. All amendment increased pH and soil organic C. Keywords : Cow Manure, Chicken Manure, Powder Ash, Shells Palm Oil, Nutrient Retention, Citrus
The complex mechanism of Ti4+ incorporation into litidionite from the Somma–Vesuvius volcano, Italy

Abstract For this study, the rare Cu-bearing silicate fumarolic assemblages from the Somma–Vesuvius volcano, Italy, characterised by the rare mineral litidionite, CuKNaSi4O10, were investigated. We report new data about Cu- and Ti-bearing phases found in these mineralisations, in which Ti-bearing litidionite occurs together with kamenevite, perovskite and rutile. Ti-bearing litidionite appears on the latest stages of partial crystallisation of Ti-bearing silica glass. Incorporation of Ti4+ into the litidionite crystal structure was investigated in detail. The Raman spectra of Ti-bearing litidionite contains an intense band at 597 cm−1 related to anti-symmetric bending vibrations of Si‒O bonds or overlapping stretching vibrations of Ti‒O bonds. The bands in the range 350‒500 cm−1 correspond to symmetric bending vibrations of O‒Si‒O bonds and overlapping stretching vibrations of Ti‒O bonds. The crystal structure of Ti-litidionite has been refined in the P$\bar{1}$ space group, a = 6.9699(7), b = 7.9953(10), c = 9.8227(10) Å, α = 105.186(9), β = 99.458(8) and γ = 114.489(10) to R1 = 0.064 for 1726 unique observed reflections. The refinement of the site-occupation factors confirmed the presence of Ti at a five-coordinated M site. The mean bond distance of 2.125 Å for the M site agrees with its refined occupancy (Ti0.32Cu0.30Ca0.29Fe0.09)1.00. The incorporation of Ti into the litidionite structure is accompanied by the complex heteropolyhedral substitution according to the scheme VTi4+ + VII–VIII□ + IVAl3+ ↔ VCu2+ + VII-VIII(Na,K)+ + IVSi4+. Two possible configurations for the phase with maximal TiO2 content (12.06 wt.% or 0.56 Ti apfu) CuTiK□Na2Si7AlO20 (Z = 1) or CuTiK2Na□Si7AlO20 (Z = 1) have been proposed.
Adaptive Automation Design and Implementation

Abstract : Automations allow us to reduce the need for humans in certain environments, such as auto-pilot features on unmanned aerial vehicles. However, some situations still require human intervention. Adaptive automation is a research field that enables computer systems to adjust the amount of automation by taking over tasks from or giving tasks back to the user. This research develops processes and insights for adaptive automation designers to take theoretical adaptive automation ideas and develop them into real-world adaptive automation system. These allow developers to design better automation systems that recognize the limits of computers systems, enabling better designs for systems in fields such as multi-aircraft control. This research was sponsored by AFOSR.
CycleGAN-based Approach for Masked Face Classification

In this paper, we propose a learning model for not only distin gu shing whether a person is wearing masks but also classifying the position of the worn masks (mask on m y chin, mask on my chin and mouth). First, the synthesized face masks image dataset used for training t he model is generated closer to the real world data by CycleGAN. Then, the presence / absence and position o f masks are classified using a machine learning model. Experimental results show that this approach pro vides excellent performance in classifying the presence/ absence and the position of masks.
Accuracy of pulse wave measurement from the sole of rodents using RGB camera

In this paper, we report the results of accuracy verification of a measurement method for capturing pulse waves from the sole of rodents using an RGB camera in a non-contact, non-invasive manner. In order to acquire biometric data such as pulse waves from animals, a non-invasive method is required to minimize the impact on the animal. We experimented with verifying the accuracy of pulse waves using an RGB camera synchronized with the electrocardiogram (ECG). As a result, our proposed method of detecting pulse waves from the sole was observed to measure pulse rate with similar accuracy to an ECG. The deviation of the heartbeat interval was somewhat larger for the proposed method than for the ECG; the maximum absorption peak of the Green signal showed the same pattern in the extremities, indicating that the deviation of pulse wave propagation was larger than 1/250 s. The deviation between the R-wave peak of the ECG and the maximum absorption peak of the sole was 0.1 s.
BINARY ACTION OF CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL AND METHOPRENE ON THE LARVAL BIOCHEMISTRY OF ALMOND MOTH, EPHESTIA CAUTELLA WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA:PYRALIDAE)

Sub-lethal concentrations i.e. 1, 2 and 4 ppm mixture of chlorpyrifos-methyl and methoprene in the ratio of 9:1 caused a significantly dose-dependent reduction in the levels of total protein, DNA, RNA and RNA/ DNA ratio and a significantly dose-dependent enhancement in the total free amino acid levels in haemolymph and fat body tissues of the larva of almond moth, Ephestia cautella Walker, a serious pest of stored cereals. The highest concentration ( 4ppm ) of this mixture caused abrupt changes in the metabolic framework of the larva that impairs its physiological fitness, which ultimately leads to death, if exposed to 8ppm concentration of this binary mixture. The present study states that methoprene enhances the toxicodynamic property of chlorpyrifos-methyl in a synergistic way.
The Swarm versus the Grassroots: places and networks of supporters and opponents of Black Lives Matter on Twitter

ABSTRACT While activists have effectively used the #blacklivesmatter hashtag to organize protests against police brutality and racism, this success has also drawn out many who use the hashtag to express their opposition. How do supporters of the Movement for Black Lives and their opponents coordinate on Twitter? Drawing on a corpus of 18.5 million tweets, this paper compares coordination among supporters and opponents of #blacklivesmatter in terms of relations and spatialities. We elaborate two different models of coordination: the swarm and the grassroots. Compared to their adversaries, supporters of #blacklivesmatter are more strongly rooted in places and embedded in local relations, suggesting that their online activism builds on grassroots communities. Opponents can be differentiated into two categories. One group consists of conservatives that are rooted in places but in a markedly different geography than supporters; they are more often located outside of major cities and outside of the coastal states. A second group of digitally networked extreme right opponents coordinates more in the fashion of a swarm: they synchronize without being rooted in places or embedded in local relations. These findings demonstrate that movements and countermovements benefit from the affordances of social media in different ways.
Alpine glacier surface velocity measurement from UAV imagery – examining the effect of image resolution on the accuracy of results

Abstract The reliability and validity of the Glacier Surface Velocity (GSV) measurement results based on remote sensing datasets depends on the quality and spatial resolution of the image used. The typical pixel size of space-borne satellite imagery is often larger than the annual and inter-annual displacement of small alpine debris-covered glaciers. In addition, the pixel size of medium resolution satellite images (10–30 m), limits the size of a feature that can be matched. This is even more of an issue for glaciers located in arid and semi-arid environments (e.g. glaciers in Iran and high mountains of Asia) where flow velocities are not exceeding a few metres per year. Consequently, high-resolution data such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) images are required to calculate the surface velocity of such glaciers. However, the optimal resolution of UAV images is one of the most important challenges in GSV measurement. This paper explores the influence of UAV image resolution on the quality of GSV results. Analysis was carried out at 19 different resolutions of UAV images from 10 to 100 cm with a 5 cm bin over a debris-covered glacier, in Iran. COSI-Corr algorithm was used to perform the image correlation. To evaluate the accuracy of obtained results, manual digitisation was performed and the differences between manual GSV and frequency cross-correlator were assessed for all data sets. Moreover, displacement calculated for a stagnant off-glacier area was evaluated. While the quality of the results of the images between 10 and 30 cm is substantially the same, the obtained results indicate that the best result of GSV was not obtained using the finest image resolution. Results revealed that the highest correspondence between the measured GSV and manual digitisation was obtained in a 30 cm spatial resolution image. In addition, the 30 cm image resolution shows the minimum uncertainty over the off-glacier static area. Obtained results revealed that using too fine resolution images will lead to computational redundancy, while no improvement is observed in the accuracy of GSV results.
Towards agricultural soil carbon monitoring, reporting, and verification through the Field Observatory Network (FiON)

Abstract. Better monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) of the amount, additionality, and persistence of the sequestered soil carbon is needed to understand the best carbon farming practices for different soils and climate conditions, as well as their actual climate benefits or cost efficiency in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. This paper presents our Field Observatory Network (FiON) of researchers, farmers, companies, and other stakeholders developing carbon farming practices. FiON has established a unified methodology towards monitoring and forecasting agricultural carbon sequestration by combining offline and near-real-time field measurements, weather data, satellite imagery, modeling, and computing networks. FiON's first phase consists of two intensive research sites and 20 voluntary pilot farms testing carbon farming practices in Finland. To disseminate the data, FiON built a web-based dashboard called the Field Observatory (v1.0, https://www.fieldobservatory.org/, last access: 3 February 2022). The Field Observatory is designed as an online service for near-real-time model–data synthesis, forecasting, and decision support for the farmers who are able to monitor the effects of carbon farming practices. The most advanced features of the Field Observatory are visible on the Qvidja site, which acts as a prototype for the most recent implementations. Overall, FiON aims to create new knowledge on agricultural soil carbon sequestration and effects of carbon farming practices as well as provide an MRV tool for decision support.
Learning Optimal Behavior in Environments with Non-stationary Observations

In sequential decision-theoretic systems, the dynamics might be Markovian (behavior in the next step is independent of the past, given the present), or non-Markovian (behavior in the next step depends on the past). One approach to represent non-Markovian behaviour has been to employ deterministic finite automata (DFA) with inputs and outputs (e.g. Mealy machines). Moreover, some researchers have proposed frameworks for learning DFA-based models. There are at least two reasons for a system to be non-Markovian: (i) rewards are gained from temporally-dependent tasks, (ii) observations are non-stationary. Rens et al. (2021) tackle learning the applicable DFA for the first case with their ARM algorithm. ARM cannot deal with the second case. Toro Icarte et al. (2019) tackle the problem for the second case with their LRM algorithm. In this paper, we extend ARM to deal with the second case too. The advantage of ARM for learning and acting in non-Markovian systems is that it is based on well-understood formal methods with many available tools.