Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the co-construction of an action research experience between a teacher educator and pre-service teachers

The purpose of this study was to explore the co-construction of an action research (AR) experience between a teacher educator and pre-service teachers (PSTs). Participants were six PSTs and a teacher educator who supervised their school placement. The teacher educator introduced the PSTs to, and facilitated them through, the AR process while creating an environment in which participation, co-construction, and shared investment were key elements across the group. A critical friend assisted the teacher educator to facilitate the PSTs’ experience of AR. Data included (i) audio-taped weekly discussions between the teacher educator and PSTs, (ii) the teacher educator's field notes, (iii) audio-recorded weekly discussions between the teacher educator and critical friend, and (iv) semi-structured post-interviews with PSTs and the teacher educator. Data were analysed qualitatively using the constant comparison approach. Results indicated that the three crucial aspects of a co-constructed AR experience were: centrality of the critical friend, the teacher educator sharing her experiences of AR with PSTs, and creating of a collaborative and supportive learning environment across AR cycles. In conclusion, this study indicates that there needs to be a shift in the understanding of how best to support a shared learning space where we can discuss and encourage each other in co-constructive ways.
A comprehensive evaluation of mixture and binder properties to explore the use of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) as an asphalt modifier and co-modifier

ABSTRACT There has been growing interest in the use of polyethylene (PE) in the asphalt industry as one way to mitigate the adverse environmental impact of waste plastics. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the potential use of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) as a modifier for use in asphalt mixtures. In addition, this study also explored the potential synergistic impact of using elastomeric polymers typically used with asphalt binders as a co-modifier along with LDPE. This study was based on a comprehensive evaluation of the rheological and performance-related properties of asphalt binder from two very different sources as well as asphalt mixtures produced using a subset of these binders. Typical methods that are standard practice in the industry and methods that are being developed to evaluate the performance metrics of asphalt binders and mixtures were used. The two chemically diverse base binders and redundancy in the evaluation process were introduced to ensure a more robust evaluation of the expected properties. Overall, results demonstrate that although the impact of LDPE on the expected performance of the binder may vary with the source of binder, LDPE can be successfully used to enhance the properties of the asphalt binder in most respects, particularly with the synergistic use of a conventional elastomeric modifier.
Effects of spatially heterogeneous lakeside development on nearshore biotic communities in a large, deep, oligotrophic lake

Sewage released from lakeside development can reshape ecological communities. Nearshore periphyton can rapidly assimilate sewage‐associated nutrients, leading to increases of filamentous algal abundance, thus altering both food abundance and quality for grazers. In Lake Baikal, a large, ultra‐oligotrophic, remote lake in Siberia, filamentous algal abundance has increased near lakeside developments, and localized sewage input is the suspected cause. These shifts are of particular interest in Lake Baikal, where endemic littoral biodiversity is high, lakeside settlements are mostly small, tourism is relatively high (~1.2 million visitors annually), and settlements are separated by large tracts of undisturbed shoreline, enabling investigation of heterogeneity and gradients of disturbance. We surveyed sites along 40 km of Baikal's southwestern shore for sewage indicators—pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and microplastics—as well as periphyton and macroinvertebrate abundance and indicators of food web structure (stable isotopes and fatty acids). Summed PPCP concentrations were spatially related to lakeside development. As predicted, lakeside development was associated with more filamentous algae and lower abundance of sewage‐sensitive mollusks. Periphyton and macroinvertebrate stable isotopes and essential fatty acids suggested that food web structure otherwise remained similar across sites; yet, the invariance of amphipod fatty acid composition, relative to periphyton, suggested that grazers adjust behavior or metabolism to compensate for different periphyton assemblages. Our results demonstrate that even low levels of human disturbance can result in spatial heterogeneity of nearshore ecological responses, with potential for changing trophic interactions that propagate through the food web.
Multiscale Simulation of Composite Structures: Damage Assessment, Mechanical Analysis and Prediction

Composites can be engineered to exhibit high strength, high stiffness, and high toughness. Composite structures have been used increasingly in various engineering applications. In recent decades, most fundamentals of science have expanded their reach by many orders of magnitude. Currently, one of the primary goals of science and technology seems to be the quest to develop reliable methods for linking the physical phenomena that occur over multiple length scales, particularly from a nano-/micro-scale to a macroscale. The aim of this Special Issue is to assemble high quality papers that advance the field of multiscale simulation of composite structures, through the application of any modern computational and/or analytical methods alone or in conjunction with experimental techniques, for damage assessment or mechanical analysis and prediction.
Molecular observations at high and low redshifts with the Odin satellite

The papers in this thesis have the aim of expanding our knowledge of different processes related to star formation in the early Universe and at present times. A complex chemistry occurs in star forming clouds and by observing molecules, information about the necessary physical and chemical conditions for star formation can be obtained. Our main focus is to observe the important water molecule using the Odin satellite since the strongest transition at 557 GHz is not observable using ground-based telescopes. The first two papers describe a spectral line survey in a previous unobserved spectral range towards the well-known Orion KL star forming nebula, covering a 42 GHz wide frequency band. We found 280 spectral lines from 38 species, and additionally 64 lines which remain unidentified. Water is very abundant in the powerful molecular outflows, while less abundant in the extended quiescent gas cloud. In addition to water, we observed H_2^18O and, for the first time in the interstellar medium, also H_2^17O. Remarkable similarities are found between the outflow emission observed from the water isotopologues and those of SO_2 and SO. The third paper covers observations towards the star forming region within the molecular cloud S140. Here we focused the observations on three species: H_2O, NH_3, and CO including the isotopologues ^13CO and H_2^18O. The observations were performed at five positions to reveal emission changes moving across the star forming center towards the edge of the cloud. The water abundance is found to be about 100-1000 times lower in the outflows as compared to Orion KL, but is similar in the extended cloud. The emissions of water and ammonia in the extended cloud show a striking similarity. Paper IV describes our searches for weak signals emitted from molecules before the first stars were born during the cosmic Dark Ages. Star formation during this epoch differs substantially from star formation at present times, due to the extremely low molecular abundances. No observational evidence exists today from this epoch, and the search is extremely difficult. A detection would, however, be of utmost importance and would for the first time give direct evidence about the beginning of structure and star formation in the Universe.
Job displacement costs of phasing out coal

The reduction of carbon emissions will require a rapid phasing out of coal and the displacement of millions of coal miners. How much could this energy transition cost mining workers? We use the dramatic collapse of the UK coal industry to estimate the long-term impact on displaced miners. We ﬁnd evidence of substantial losses: wages fall by 40% and earnings fall by 80% to 90% one year after job loss. The losses are persistent and remain signiﬁcantly depressed ﬁfteen years later, amounting to present discounted value earnings losses of between four and six times the miners pre-displacement earnings. (JEL J30, J63, J64, O4) We intend to support communities and regions that are particularly vulnerable to the economic, employment and social effects of a global transition away from carbon-intensive activity
Past and present secular evolution in the host galaxies of NLS1s

G. Orban de Xivry∗†a, R. Daviesa, M. Schartmanna,b, S. Komossaa,c,d,e, A. Marconi f , E. Hicksg, H. Engela, L. Tacconia aMax Planck Institut fur extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany bUniversitats-Sternwarte Munchen, Scheinerstrasse 1, D-81679 Munchen, Germany cTechnische Universitat Munchen, Fakultat fur Physik, James-Franck-Strasse, 85748 Garching, Germany dExcellence Cluster Universe, TUM, Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748 Garching, Germany eMax Planck Institut fur Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748 Garching, Germany f Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Largo E. Fermi 2, 50125 Firenze, Italy gDepartment of Astronomy, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195, USA E-mail: xivry@mpe.mpg. de
Synthesis of Carbon-Encapsulated Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanocomposites for Bioapplication

Carbon-encapsulated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized from a single precursor using one-step solvothermal methods. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the as-prepared NPs, and UV-visible absorbance spectroscopy was used to check their optical properties. The morphological results revealed that Fe3O4@C, quasi-spherical Fe3O4 particles encapsulated by carbon. In addition, the carbon-encapsulated Fe3O4 NPs were conjugated with folic acid (FA) to be used as biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of tumour cells. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopic techniques were used to confirm the conjugation process.
Range-separated hybrid exchange-correlation functional analyses of anatase TiO2doped with W, N, S, W/N, or W/S

Electronic properties and atomic structures of W, N, S, W/N, and W/S dopings of anatase TiO_2 have been systematically investigated using the density functional theory (DFT). The exchange and correlation effects have been treated with Heyd, Scuseria and Ernzerhof (HSE) hybrid functional. Mixing traditional semi-local and non-local screened Hartree-Fock (HF) exchange energies, the HSE method corrects the band gap and also improves the description of anion/cation derived gap states. Enhanced charge carrier dynamics, observed for W/N codoped titania, can partly be explained by the passivative modifications of N 2p and W 5d states on its electronic structure. Following this trend we have found an apparent band gap narrowing of 1.03 eV for W/S codoping. This is due to the large dispersion of S 3p states at the valance band (VB) top extending its edge to higher energies and Ti--S--W hybridized states appearing at the bottom of the conduction band (CB). W/S-TiO_2 might show strong visible light response comparable to W/N codoped anatase catalysts.
Biomimetic Synthesis of PANI/Graphitic Oxidized Carbon Nitride for Supercapacitor Applications

Polyaniline (PANI) composites have gained momentum as supercapacitive materials due to their high energy density and power density. However, some drawbacks in their performance remain, such as the low stability after hundreds of charge-discharge cycles and limitations in the synthesis scalability. Herein, we report for the first time PANI-Graphitic oxidized carbon nitride composites as potential supercapacitor material. The biomimetic polymerization of aniline assisted by hematin, supported by phosphorous and oxygen-modified carbon nitrides (g-POCN and g-OCN, respectively), achieved up to 89% yield. The obtained PAI/g-POCN and PANI/g-OCN show enhanced electrochemical properties, such as conductivity of up to 0.0375 S/cm, specific capacitances (Cs) of up to 294 F/g (at high current densities, 5 A/g) and a stable operation after 500 charge-discharge cycles (at 3 A/g). In contrast, the biomimetic synthesis of Free PANI, assisted by stabilized hematin in cosolvents, exhibited lower performance properties (65%). Due to their structural differences, the electrochemical properties of Free PANI (conductivity of 0.0045 S/cm and Cs of up to 82 F/g at 5 A/g) were lower than those of nanostructured PANI/g-POCN and g-OCN supports, which provide stability and improve the properties of biomimetically synthesized PANI. This work reveals the biomimetic synthesis of PANI, assisted by hematin supported by modified carbon nitrides, as a promising strategy to produce nanostructured supercapacitors with high performance.
A Mesoscale Study on the Dilation of Actively Confined Concrete under Axial Compression

The confinement of concrete enhances its strength and ductility by restraining lateral dilation. The accuracy of a confinement model depends on how well it captures the dilation of concrete. In the current paper, a mesoscale model is established to study the dilation properties of concrete in active confinement, where the heterogeneity of concrete is considered. The stress–strain and lateral–axial strain curves of concrete in active confinement were used to demonstrate the validity of the mesoscale model. Subsequently, the distribution of lateral strain and the influences of the strength grade and confinement ratio on the dilation of concrete were investigated in a simulation. The results show that the distribution of the lateral strain along the radial or longitudinal directions is not uniform on the specimen when compressive failure occurs. The confinement ratio has a more significant influence on the concrete’s transverse dilation than the strength grade. Finally, an expression of the lateral–axial strain relationship of concrete in active confinement is proposed. The proposed formula can reflect the simulation results of the mesoscale model and is in good agreement with the prediction of existing formulas.
Detection of a Temperature Structure in the Coma Cluster of Galaxies with ASCA

Significant temperature variation is found from ASCA observations of the hot intracluster medium in the Coma cluster of galaxies. The whole cluster out to 1° from the center was covered by 14 pointings. The temperature of the hot gas in the outside region is estimated by correcting for the stray-light effect from the bright center. The inferred temperature is lower than 4.5 keV in the west region and higher than 10 keV in the east, both offset by 40' (1.6 Mpc for H0 = 50 km s-1 Mpc-1) from the center. The temperature variation is not explained by a systematic error in the complex point-spread function of the ASCA X-ray telescope. The azimuthal variation of temperature is probably caused by recent mergers and may reflect an extended distribution of the dark matter.
Evolution of population dynamics following invasion by a non‐native predator

Abstract Invasive predatory species are frequently observed to cause evolutionary responses in prey phenotypes, which in turn may lead to evolutionary shifts in the population dynamics of prey. Research has provided a link between rates of predation and the evolution of prey population growth in the lab, but studies from natural populations are rare. Here, we tested for evolutionary changes in population dynamics parameters of zooplankton Daphnia pulicaria following invasion by the predator Bythotrephes longimanus into Lake Kegonsa, Wisconsin, US. We used a resurrection ecological approach, whereby clones from pre‐ and post‐invasive periods were hatched from eggs obtained in sediment cores and were used in a 3‐month growth experiment. Based on these data, we estimated intrinsic population growth rates (r), the shape of density dependence (θ) and carrying capacities (K) using theta‐logistic models. We found that post‐invasion Daphnia maintained a higher r and K under these controlled, predation‐free laboratory conditions. Evidence for changes in θ was weaker. Whereas previous experimental evolution studies of predator–prey interactions have demonstrated that genotypes that have evolved under predation have inferior competitive ability when the predator is absent, this was not the case for the Daphnia. Given that our study was conducted in a laboratory environment and the possibility for genotype‐by‐environment interactions, extrapolating these apparent counterintuitive results to the wild should be done with caution. However, barring such complications, we discuss how selection for reduced predator exposure, either temporally or spatially, may have led to the observed changes. This scenario suggests that complexities in ecological interactions represents a challenge when predicting the evolutionary responses of population dynamics to changes in predation pressure in natural systems.
MAKNA PERUNTUNGAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN BAGI ETNIS JAWA TIONGHOA, DAN MADURA DI KOTA SEMARANG

Setiap wirausahawan memiliki memiliki kearifan lokal tersendiri dalam membangun bisnis. Kaitan budaya dengan kewirausaahaan belum banyak dilakukan penelitian. Di setiap etnis dapat dibedakan dari budaya yang terlibat dalam membangun bisnis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan makna kewirausahaan di kota Semarang pada dua etnis yang berbeda yaitu Jawa dan Tionghoa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif, dan metode pengambilan sampelnya menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Wawancara dan observasi merupakan instumen yang digunakan dalam penggalian data yaitu dengan. Alasan peneliti menggunakan instrumen tersebut karena ingin menggali lebih dalam tentang makna kewirausahaan dari setiap etnis bangsa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa etnis Jawa memiliki pandangan hidup yang kuat, narimo atau menerima dengan tulus, sabar, mementingkan kekeluargaan dan melakukan yang terbaik dalam berwirausaha. Berbeda dengan etnis Jawa, pada etnis Tionghoa lebih menekankan kredibilitas, ketekunan, menghemat, kepercayaan, pendidikan, solidaritas keluarga, ketelitian, kejujuran, moral dan etika dalam berwirausaha. Etnis Madura memiliki ciri karakter dalam berwirausaha mereka bersemangat, percaya diri, ulet, berambisi, dan bekerja keras.
HearMe: Accurate and Real-Time Lip Reading Based on Commercial RFID Devices

Lip reading can help people with speech disorders to communicate with others and provide them with a new channel to interact with the world. In this paper, we design and implement <italic>HearMe</italic>, an accurate and real-time lip-reading system built on commercial radio frequency identification (RFID) devices. HearMe can be used to accurately recognize different words in a pre-defined vocabulary without limitations in light conditions and can be used in multiple user scenarios by leveraging RFID's ability in identifying different users. We design an effective data collection strategy to well capture the tiny and complex signal patterns caused by mouth motion and propose a set of algorithms to extract signal profiles related to mouth motions and mitigate interference factors like multi-path. A carefully designed set of features, including time-domain statistical features and frequency-domain features, are then extracted from the signal to lift the recognition accuracy at the word level. To reduce training costs when the model is used in a new environment, a transfer-learning-based approach is adopted to enhance the robustness of the model in cross-environment scenarios. Experimental results show that HearMe detects speaking actions of the user with an accuracy higher than 0.95 and recognizes different words in a 20-words vocabulary with an average accuracy higher than 0.88. Moreover, the latency of HearMe (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mo>∼</mml:mo></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="zhang-ieq1-3208019.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>150 ms) is nearly two orders of magnitude less than traditional approaches, making it applicable to practical scenarios that require real-time lip reading.
The calculation of player speed from tracking data

This short communication considers the calculation of player speed from tracking data. Whereas there are many player tracking systems, all rely on the collection of Cartesian coordinates corresponding to the players on the pitch. From these Cartesian coordinates, there are many ways that one could approximate player speed and acceleration. We introduce some simple principles from exploratory data analysis, which help yield more reliable speed calculations. The general principles are illustrated on various player tracking systems.
The role of prosodic focus in the reanalysis of garden path sentences: Depth of semantic processing impedes the revision of an erroneous local analysis

Research on post-repair representations of garden path sentences has found that readers systematically arrive at misinterpretations even after displaying evidence of reanalysis (Christianson et al., 2001; Ferreira et al., 2001). These comprehension errors have been attributed to the semantic interpretation associated with the incorrect parse persisting past disambiguation, but less is known about the mechanism driving this phenomenon (Sturt, 2007; Slattery et al., 2013). A speeded auditory comprehension experiment examined the depth of semantic processing as an independent influence on the strength of semantic persistence, drawing on known effects of pitch accent on the processing of focus-related semantic meaning (Fraundorf et al., 2010). Participants heard garden path sentences with early/late-closure ambiguity (e.g., While Anna dressed the baby stopped crying) with a sharply rising pitch accent on either the unambiguous adjunct subject or the ambiguously transitive adjunct verb, followed by a comprehension question that probed whether the incorrect late-closure analysis persisted. Since the pitch accent is often a strong cue for semantic focus when it occurs in prosodically marked phrase-medial positions, we reasoned that a deeper semantic processing would be facilitated for the late-closure analysis only when the verb receives a pitch accent. Findings indicate that a pitch accent on the verb significantly decreased accuracy without a corresponding increase on response time, suggesting that a deeper semantic processing of the erroneous parse can strengthen its resistance to revision without necessarily interfering with the process of structure-building.
Prediction of crack depth and position in vibrating beams using artificial neural networks

The aim of this paper is to develop a finite element procedure for crack prediction in vibrating beams. Based on this procedure, full frictional contact conditions are introduced between the crack surfaces in order to consider the breathing of crack. The region surrounding the crack is simulated by two-dimensional finite elements. An incremental-iterative procedure is employed to solve the nonlinear dynamic equations governing this problem. The obtained time response is processed with Fast Fourier Transform to extract its frequency components. The first three natural frequencies are input to a trained Artificial Neural Network for depth and position prediction of the crack. This study is validated for a dynamic loading cantilever beam. It is found that the proposed procedure is capable of predicting the crack depth and position with high accuracy.