Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tooth Brushing Behavior in 6-11 Year Olds Children and the Importance of a Break of Tooth Brush Once a Day in School

Literature on dental health behavior is consistently developed and mainly based on data from adults. There are also researches realized on children’s dental health behavior, but they are less frequent and realized just in a little number of countries. Therefore our aim is to identify if introducing the tooth brush in primary school once a day influence the oral hygiene. In order to achieve our purpose we designed our research using quantitative approach, conducting specialized social survey before and after the 4 month intervention on three primary schools from Timisoara. The research sample was constructed from 6-11 years old children coming from different but not representative schools from Timisoara area. The sample was done by 783 selected children representing the entire population of children from the 3 schools, respecting age selection criterion and the informed consent agreed and signed by parents. Frequency of tooth brush was significantly changed in good (p=0.000, Person’s r value= 0.763) after the 4 month brushing tooth at school with the teacher, we noticed also a changing behavior about oral hygiene, 83.4% of the children brushing teeth at least two times a day.
Using Product Text to Capture Vertical Integration and Firm Boundaries

We examine firm vertical integration through acquisitions and organic changes in production. We develop a new firm-specific measure of vertical relatedness and integration using 10-K product text. We find that firms in high R&D industries are less likely to become targets in vertical acquisitions or vertically integrate. These findings are consistent with firms with unrealized innovation avoiding integration to maintain ex ante incentives to invest in intangible assets and keep residual rights of control. In contrast, firms in high patenting and more mature industries are more likely to vertically integrate, consistent with ownership facilitating commercialization and reducing ex post holdup.
Low-power vertical cavity NAND gate

The study of the Vertical-Cavity Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (VCSOAs) for optical signal processing applications is increasing his interest. Due to their particular structure, the VCSOAs present some advantages when compared to their edge-emitting counterparts including low manufacturing costs, high coupling efficiency to optical fibers and the ease to fabricate 2-D arrays of this kind of devices. As a consequence, all-optical logic gates based on VCSOAs may be very promising devices for their use in optical computing and optical switching in communications. Moreover, since all the boolean logic functions can be implemented by combining NAND logic gates, the development of a Vertical-Cavity NAND gate would be of particular interest. In this paper, the characteristics of the dispersive optical bistability appearing on a VCSOA operated in reflection are studied. A progressive increment of the number of layers compounding the top Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) of the VCSOA results on a change on the shape of the appearing bistability from an S-shape to a clockwise bistable loop. This resulting clockwise bistability has high on-off contrast ratio and input power requirements one order of magnitude lower than those needed for edge-emitting devices. Based on these results, an all-optical vertical-cavity NAND gate with high on-off contrast ratio and an input power for operation of only 10W will be reported in this paper.
Draft Maximizing fisheries yields while maintaining community structure

Journal: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Manuscript ID cjfas-2015-0098.R2 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the Author: 31-Aug-2015 Complete List of Authors: Kolding, Jeppe; University of Bergen, Department of Biology Jacobsen, Nis S; DTU Aqua, Andersen, Ken; Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources van Zwieten, Paul; Wageningen University, Aquaculture and Fisheries Group
Reversibility in Controlled Polymerization Systems: Recent Progress and New Opportunities

The field of controlled polymerization is growing and evolving at unprecedented rates, facilitating polymer scientists to engineer the structure and property of polymer materials for a variety of applications. However, the lack of degradability, particularly in vinyl polymers, is a general concern for not only environmental sustainability but also biomedical applications. In recent years, there has been a significant effort to develop reversible polymerization approaches in those well-established controlled polymerization systems. Reversible polymerization typically involves two steps including (i) forward polymerization which converts small monomers into macromolecules, and (ii) depolymerization capable of regenerating original monomers. Furthermore, recycled monomers can be repolymerized into new polymers. In this perspective, we highlight recent developments of reversible polymerization in those controlled polymerization systems and offer insight into the promise and utility of reversible polymerization systems. More importantly, the current challenges and future directions to solve those problems are discussed. We hope this perspective can serve as an “initiator” to promote continuing innovations in this fairly new area.
Scalability of Multimedia Streaming Service : A Cross-Layer Perspective

Video streaming is in advance popularity among mobile users. The latest mobile devices, such as smart phones and tablets, are well equipped with multiple wireless network devices. In order to continue video streaming quality while reducing the wireless service cost, in this paper, the most favorable video streaming process with multiple links is formulated as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). This function is designed to improve the quality of service (QoS) requirements for video traffic, such as the startup Latency, playback fluency, average playback quality, playback smoothness and wireless service cost. To solve the MDP in real time, we propose an adaptive, best-action search algorithm to obtain a sub-optimal solution. To estimate the performance of the proposed adaptation algorithm, we implemented a test bed using the android mobile phone and the Scalable Video Coding (SVC) codec. Test results demonstrate the probability and effectiveness of the proposed adaptation algorithm for mobile video streaming applications in android application, which outperforms the existing state-of-the-art adaptation algorithms.
Interactive Data-Driven Research: the place where databases and data mining research meet

Data-driven research, or the science of letting data tell us what we are looking for, is in many areas, the only viable approach to research. In some domains like adaptive clinical trials and emerging research areas such as social computing, useful results are highly dependent on the ability to observe and interactively explore large volumes of real datasets. Database management is the science of efficiently storing and retrieving data. Data mining is the science of discovering hidden correlations in data. Interactive data-driven research is a natural meeting point that presents a new research opportunity. The ability to conduct effective data-driven research requires to combine efficient indexing and querying from databases and pattern mining and classification from data mining to help analysts understand what lies behind large data volumes. In this paper, we explore key challenges and new opportunities in building robust systems for interactive data-driven research.
In situ electrochemical characterisation of graphene and various carbon-based electrode materials: an internal standard approach

We employ an internal standard protocol to simultaneously characterise and utilise electrode materials during their electrochemical implementation. The proposed approach involves ‘spiking’ a solution containing the analyte of interest (namely, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)) with a common electrochemical redox probe (such as hexaammine-ruthenium(III) chloride), which consequently allows information on the electrochemical properties of the electrode being utilised to be obtained and monitored throughout its application. This approach is explored using a range of commonly encountered carbonaceous electrode materials, including various graphene configurations, such as monolayer, double- and few-layered graphene electrodes – the latter is reported for the first time. The variability in structural quality and stability of the graphene electrodes used (particularly between batches) highlights the necessity for implementation of such approaches within the literature. This work provides a simple, yet effective option for the in situ electrochemical characterisation of various electrode materials, essential where the quality and composition of a ‘reported’ electrode material can vary greatly depending on its fabrication (batch-to-batch quality) or during the course of experimental use.
DETERMINANTS OF INEQUALITY IN CHILD MALNUTRITION IN INDIA

This paper aims to explore the linkage between poverty and inequality in malnutrition through decomposition analysis using data from the National Family Health Survey-3 (NFHS-3) conducted in 2005–2006. Association between inequality in malnutrition and income inequality and poverty is observed at the state level. Inequality is analysed using the concentration index, which is further decomposed to identify the factors associated with inequality in malnutrition. Poverty, in terms of the wealth index, has considerable impact on average rates of malnutrition, indicating a disproportional burden of malnutrition on the poor. At the macro-economic level, overall socio-economic inequality correlates moderately with the inequality in malnutrition. On decomposition, poverty alone explains more than half of the inequality in malnutrition, which justifies the poverty–nutrition inequality linkage. The paper highlights the influence of poverty in worsening malnutrition, leading to unequal nutritional outcomes among children in India.
Coordination Confidence based Human-Multi-Agent Transfer Learning for Collaborative Teams

Among an array of techniques proposed to speed-up reinforcement learning (RL), learning from human demonstration has a proven record of success. A related technique, called HumanAgent Transfer (HAT), and its confidence-based derivatives have been successfully applied to single agent RL. This paper investigates their application to collaborative multi-agent RL problems. We show that a first-cut extension may leave room for improvement in some domains, and propose a new algorithm called coordination confidence (CC). CC analyzes the difference in perspectives between a human demonstrator (global view) and the learning agents (local view), and informs the agents’ action choices when the difference is critical and simply following the human demonstration can lead to miscoordination. Experiments in two domains—one where the difference in perspectives is critical, and one where it is not—investigate the performance of CC in comparison with relevant baselines.
−5/3 Kolmogorov Turbulent Behaviour and Intermittent Sustainable Energies

The massive integration of sustainable energies into electrical grids (non-interconnected or connected) is a major problem due to their stochastic character revealed by strong fluctuations at all scales. In this paper, the scaling behaviour or power law correlations and the nature of scaling behaviour of sustainable resource data such as flow velocity, atmospheric wind speed, solar global solar radiation and sustainable energy such as, wind power output, are highlighted. For the first time, Fourier power spectral densities are estimated for each dataset. We show that the power spectrum densities obtained are close to the 5/3 Kolmogorov spectrum. Furthermore, the multifractal and intermittent properties of sustainable resource and energy data have been revealed by the concavity of the scaling exponent function. The proposed analysis frame allows a full description of fluctuations of processes considered. A good knowledge of the dynamic of fluctua- tions is crucial to management of the integration of sustainable energies into a grid.
Nanobiosensor for detection and quantitation of DNA sequences in degraded mixed meats.

A novel class of nanobiosensor was developed by integrating a 27-nucleotide AluI fragment of swine cytochrome b (cytb) gene to a 3-nm diameter citrate-tannate coated gold nanoparticle (GNP). The biosensor detected 0.5% and 1% pork in raw and 2.5- h autoclaved pork-beef binary admixtures in a single step without any separation or washing. The hybridization kinetics of the hybrid sensor was studied with synthetic and AluI digested real pork targets from moderate to extreme target concentrations and a sigmoidal relationship was found. Using the kinetic curve, a convenient method for quantifying and counting target DNA copy number was developed. The accuracy of the method was over 90% and 80% for raw and autoclaved pork-beef binary admixtures in the range of 5-100% pork adulteration. The biosensor probe identified a target DNA sequence that was several-folds shorter than a typical PCR-template. This offered the detection and quantitation of potential targets in highly processed or degraded samples where PCR amplification was not possible due to template crisis. The assay was a viable alternative approach of qPCR for detecting, quantifying and counting copy number of shorter size DNA sequences to address a wide ranging biological problem in food industry, diagnostic laboratories and forensic medicine.
SHEAR INDUCED REDISTRIBUTION OF FLUID WITHIN A UNIFORMLY SWOLLEN NONLINEAR ELASTIC CYLINDER

Ab&aet--The theory of mixtures is applied to the determination of equilibrium states of a solid-fluid mixture which is isolated from contact with a fluid bath. In the particular problem considered, a hollow rubber cylinder first undergoes unconstrained swelling in a fluid bath. The solid is homogeneously deformed to a larger cylindrical shape, the fluid is uniformly dispersed and the mixture is in a saturated equilibrium state. The mixture is then bonded to rigid impermeable membranes at its inner and outer surfaces. Rigid impermeable flat plates restrain motion at its ends. While the swollen length is held fixed, relative rotation of the membranes induces shear distortion in the ~b~r-~~d mixture. Tfie resulting normal stresses cause a change in the mixture from its initial equilibrium state in which the system is homogeneously swollen but unsheared to a new equilibrium state in which there is radial variation of both the solid deformation and fluid density. A numerical example, using properties for a particular rubber-fluid mixture, shows that the volume of the mixture and the fluid density decrease near the inner wall of the cylinder and increase near the outer wall.
Florida State University Libraries 2015 Cyber Physical System Vulnerability Research

This dissertation presents contributions to several problems relevant to cyber physical system (CPS) vulnerability research. Cyber physical systems encompass any computational systems that interact with physical processes, encompassing critical infrastructure networks, industrial control system networks, SCADA networks, and more. Vulnerability research encompasses three main areas of cybersecurity: finding new vulnerabilities, exploit development, and exploit mitigation. This work primarily focuses on exploit mitigation, and ethically utilizes the other factors for conclusive validation of the research contributions. Contributions in this work span problems in, but not limited to dynamic trust management; vulnerability research education; CPS situational awareness and threat intelligence; CPS physics impact analysis; embedded CPS malware analysis; and finally embedded CPS forensics. Notable contributions include the acclaimed Offensive Computer Security open courseware, the introduction of physics-based-intrusion-detection for cyber physical systems, novel threat intelligence and situational awareness framework for CPS, and novel embedded CPS virtualization and simulated physics integration methodology for dynamic analysis and physics analysis for embedded CPS. The contribution results have been peer reviewed and published, and the list of publications generated during the doctorate research is listed in the Biographical Sketch. All of these areas and contributions are critically relevant to critical infrastructure and industrial control systems.
Heterogeneous CPU-GPU Execution of Stencil Applications

Heterogeneous computer architectures are now ubiquitous in high performance computing; the top 7 supercomputers are all built with CPUs and accelerators. Portability across different CPUs and GPUs is becoming paramount, and heterogeneous scheduling of computations is also of increasing interest to make full use of these systems. In this paper we present research on the hybrid CPU-GPU execution of an important class of applications: structured mesh stencil codes. Our work broadens the performance portability capabilities of the Oxford Parallel library for Structured meshes (OPS), which allows a science code written once at a high level to be automatically parallelised for a range of different architectures. We explore the traditional per-loop load balancing approach used by others, and highlighting its shortcomings, we develop an algorithm that relies on polyhedral analysis and transformations in OPS to allow load balancing on the level of larger computational stages, reducing data transfer requirements and synchronisation points. We evaluate our algorithms on a simple heat equation benchmark, as well as a substantially more complex code, the CloverLeaf hydrodynamics mini-app. To demonstrate performance portability, we study Intel and IBM systems equipped with NVIDIA Kepler, Pascal, and Volta GPUs, evaluating CPU-only, GPU-only and hybrid CPU-GPU performance. We demonstrate a 1.05-1.2x speedup on CloverLeaf. Our results highlight the ability of the OPS domain specific language to deliver effortless performance portability for its users across a number of platforms.
Figure 1. Comparison of number of plants producing cheese and average production per plant: United States and Wisconsin 196G-96

The structure of dairy processing has changed significantly with declining numbers of processors, increasing firm size, and ~t of production out of traditional areas. In order to compete with large manufactures on a noncost basis, small dleese manufactures are turning to the production of specialty dleeses and the use of specific wlue-added activities in marketing their product. In this study, ~ examine the strategic management behavior of these firms. A strategic management typology used in previous analyses of small businesses i applied to a sample of forty-s~ Wisconsin cheese plants. A case study of four representatire firms is presented.
Nest Survival of Grassland Birds in Warm- and Cool-season Grassland Restorations

Abstract Grassland restorations are being conducted, in part, to restore habitat for declining grassland bird populations. These restorations commonly utilize both native warm-season grasses and exotic cool-season grasses in seeding mixes. While variation in community assemblage and abundance of grassland birds between these habitat types has been studied, knowledge of patterns in nest survival among warm- and cool-season grassland restorations is incomplete. We examined patterns in nest survival of grassland birds between restored warm- and cool-season grasslands in west-central Missouri. We found 35 Henslow's Sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii), 40 Dickcissel (Spiza americana), and 20 Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) nests from 2010 to 2011. Using the logistic exposure method, we estimated that the Henslow's Sparrow had high daily survival rates (0.977) across the nest period (first egg to fledging), while estimates of Dickcissell (0.947) and Eastern Meadowlark (0.961) daily nest survival were similar to previously recorded estimates. Grassland habitat type was an uninformative parameter in models of daily nest survival rates for all study species and in models of brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molthrus ater) on Dickcissell nests (18% of all nests parasitized). Our findings suggest that warm- and cool-season grasslands might similarly satisfy breeding requirements for these grassland bird species.
The Organisation of Replisomes

The eukaryotic chromosomal DNA is divided into hundreds to thousands of independent replication segments called replicons. Each replicon is replicated from one replication origin. In the S phase of the cell cycle, individual replicons are gradually activated and subsequently replicated (Edenberg & Huberman, 1975; Hand, 1978). The size of particular replicons varies and is usually within the range of 30–450 kbp. On the other hand, much smaller (shorter than 10 kbp) or much longer (longer than 1 Mbp) replicons have also been observed (Berezney et al., 2000; Edenberg & Huberman, 1975; Hand, 1978; Hyrien & Mechali, 1993; Jackson & Pombo, 1998; Yurov & Liapunova, 1977). It is supposed that several adjacent replicons are synchronously activated in the S phase (Edenberg & Huberman, 1975; Hand, 1978), whereas the number of replicons in one such group is lower than ten (Jackson & Pombo, 1998; Ma et al., 1998). The evidence of such replicon organisation comes mainly from studies mapping the newly-synthesised DNA on stretched DNA fibres (Edenberg & Huberman, 1975; Hand, 1978; Jackson & Pombo, 1998). The replication of replicons proceeds bi-directionally by means of two replication forks and is terminated when the replication forks of two adjacent replicons meet (Blow & Dutta, 2005; Heintz, 1996). The so-called “licensing” of replication origins is performed before the actual initiation of DNA synthesis. First, many different proteins such as the ORC complex, Cdc6 protein, Cdt1 protein, MCM 2-7 protein complex bind in that exact order at the sites of replication origins (Bell & Dutta, 2002; Blow & Dutta, 2005; DePamphilis, 2003; Diffley, 2004; Chesnokov, 2007; Lei & Tye, 2001; Sasaki & Gilbert, 2007; Stillman, 2005; Takahashi et al., 2005). Later, due to the regulation mechanisms, some of the proteins are removed and other new proteins are bound to DNA instead of them. Examples include the Cdc45 protein, MCM10 protein or GINS protein complex (Bauerschmidt et al., 2007; Diffley & Labib, 2002). Cyclin-dependent kinases and Dbf4-dependent kinase are important for the changes in the protein-DNA interactions (Bauerschmidt et al., 2007; Diffley & Labib, 2002). All of these processes result in the formation of two replication complexes, also referred to as replisomes, at the site of the active replication origin that ensure the synthesis of DNA in mutually opposite directions (Baker & Bell, 1998; Johnson & O'Donnell, 2005; Waga & Stillman, 1998). The main components of replisomes are a helicase complex enabling the unwinding of the parental DNA strands, DNA polymerases responsible for the duplication of DNA, and a complex of polymerase and primase (Langston et al., 2009). It is supposed that the MCM2-7 protein complex, which is necessary for the “licensing” of replication origins, plays also the role of a helicase in the common complex with Cdc45 protein and GINS complex (Aparicio et al., 2006).