Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Poly(N-vinylimidazole)-l-Poly(tetrahydrofuran) Amphiphilic Conetworks and Gels: Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal and Swelling Behavior

A novel class of amphiphilic conetworks (APCNs), poly(N-vinylimidazole)-l-poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PVIm-l-PTHF) (“l” stands for “linked by”), was prepared by free radical copolymerization of telechelic PTHF dimethacrylate macromonomer and N-vinylimidazole in ethanol as a suitable cosolvent for all the components. Low amounts of extractables were obtained indicating successful conetwork formation. A series of transparent, macroscopically homogeneous PVIm-l-PTHF conetworks with a wide composition range of 25–89 wt % PTHF were prepared. Investigations by DSC revealed the existence of two distinct glass transition temperatures (Tg) in the vicinity of the Tg of homopolymers proving microphase separation of PVIm and PTHF in these conetworks. Surprisingly, the crystallization of PTHF is strongly suppressed and prevented at lower than 38 wt % PTHF in the presence of the glassy, amorphous PVIm in these APCNs. The amphiphilic nature of the PVIm-l-PTHF conetworks was proved by their uniform swelling in both nonpolar (.
On the Thermodynamic Relation between Surface Tension and Curvature

From the Gibbs theory of surface tension general equations are deduced for the change of surface tension with curvature in the system having an arbitrary number of components but no insoluble surface film. For the special case that the surface layer is spherical, the equations are shown to be reducible, by an appropriate choice of auxiliary Gibbs surfaces, to a simple form identical with that recently found by Tolman for the system of one component. Some of the consequences of physical interest following from the equation for the spherical surface layer are pointed out.
Aggregate structure in dilute aqueous dispersions of oleic acid/sodium oleate and oleic acid/sodium oleate/egg phosphatidylcholine

Cryo-transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the aggregate structure in dilute aqueous samples of oleic acid, as a function of pH. At pH 10.7, where the fatty acid is almost completely deprotonated, the micrographs show spherical or cylindrical micelles depending on the concentration. Upon a decrease of the pH to values just above 9, formation of unilamellar vesicles is induced. With decreasing pH the vesicles show an increasing tendency to aggregate. At pH between 8 and 7, large clusters of aggregated vesicles coexist with dispersed nonlamellar, presumably inverted hexagonal structures. Further decrease in pH results in a complete transition into nonlamellar liquid-crystalline structures and finally to the formation of oil droplets. Addition of high concentrations of oleic acid to small unilamellar lecithin vesicles induces, at pH 7.4 and lower, clustering and formation of particles with nonlamellar structure. At high pH, on the other hand, oleic acid acts like a conventional cationic surfactant. With increasing fatty acid: lipid molar ratio both significant vesicle growth and finally lipid solubilization into mixed micelles are observed.
Cocoa Beans Data Grouping With Fuzzy C- Means Clustering Method

Fermentation of cocoa beans plays an important role in determining the quality of the cocoa beans. Recently a new technique has been developed to test the taste of cocoa beans, namely the Metabolic Fingerprinting Technique. This technique observes the profile comparison of metabolite compounds to be applied in determining the similarities and differences between two or more samples. Since the experimental data may contain many uncertainty factors, such as measurement error, changes in lab environment, and so forth, the fuzzy clustering technique would give the appropriate answer. As a result, a set of metabolic fermentation data from several cocoa beans will be grouped by the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm (FCM). FCM is a grouping technique where the existence of each data point in a cluster is determined by the degree of membership. This algorithm is based on the minimization of objective functions illustrated by finding the shortest distance between the center of the group and each data point weighted by the degree of membership. Furthermore, the most optimal cluster will be determined by using the Xie-Beni Index.
THE RESPONSE OF SOME PROPERTIES OF FRUITS TO VACUUM IMPREGNATION

The behavior of several fruits (three varieties of apples, strawberry, kiwi-fruit, mango and peach) during vacuum impregnation (VI) treatments was studied by using specially designed equipment and methodology to determine deformation and impregnation levels in fruit samples. The coupling of the Hydrodynamic Mechanism (HDM) and the Deformation-Relaxation Phenomena (DRP) was analyzed throughout the two typical steps of VI process (first period at vacuum pressure and second period at atmospheric pressure). VI experiments were carried out over different lengths of time under vacuum (t1) and at atmospheric pressure (t2) duration in order to obtain kinetic information on the coupled HDM and DRP. Nevertheless, neither the duration of t1 or t2 was observed to have an influence on the deformation and impregnation levels in the examined time scales. The effective porosities (ɛe) of the fruits that were studied were determined and compared with the fruit porosity (ɛ) obtained from density data. In almost all cases the ratio ɛe/ɛ was lower than 1, which indicates that only a fraction of fruit pores was available to HDM action. DRP affects the volume fraction of impregnated liquid in all cases.
High-Pressure X-ray Studies of Zn at Room and Low Temperatures with a He-Pressure Medium

High-pressure powder X-ray diffraction experiments have been done on Zn with a He-pressure medium at room and low temperatures. No anomaly in the c / a axial ratio has been found even at low temperatures. This implies that the c / a anomaly, which is predicted to appear associated with the electronic topological transitions, would be extremely small.
CHOPIN: Scalable Graphics Rendering in Multi-GPU Systems via Parallel Image Composition

The appetite for higher and higher 3D graphics quality continues to drive GPU computing requirements. To satisfy these demands, GPU vendors are moving towards new architectures, such as MCM-GPU and multi-GPUs, that connect multiple chip modules or GPUs with high-speed links (e.g., NVLink and XGMI) to provide higher computing capability. Unfortunately, it is not clear how to adequately parallelize the rendering pipeline to take advantage of these resources while maintaining low rendering latencies. Current implementations of Split Frame Rendering (SFR) are bottlenecked by redundant computations and sequential inter-GPU synchronization, and fail to scale as the GPU count increases. In this paper, we propose CHOPIN, a novel SFR scheme for multi-GPU systems that exploits the parallelism available in image composition to eliminate the bottlenecks inherent to existing solutions. CHOPIN composes opaque sub-images out-of order, and leverages the associativity of image composition to compose adjacent sub-images of transparent objects asynchronously. To mitigate load imbalance across GPUs and avoid inter-GPU network congestion, CHOPIN includes two new scheduling mechanisms: a draw-command scheduler and an image composition scheduler. Detailed cycle-level simulations on eight real-world game traces show that, in an 8-GPU system, CHOPIN offers speedups of up to $ 1.56\times$ ($ 1.25\times$ gmean) compared to the best prior SFR implementation.
EFFECT OF SOME TYPES OF CARRAGEENAN ON CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC IN THE STRAWBERRY JAM

The aim of the research is to introduce Carrageenan (Kappa and Iota) into Strawberry jam instead of Pectin and know its effect on chemical and biological characteristics, using three weights (0.1, 0.3, 0.5g) for each model and at three replicates and compare the results with the control treatment (strawberry jam containing pectin). And chemical and biological tests and know the effect of added weight on these products. The data were analyzed in a statistical program and the mean differences between the averages were compared with (L.S.D) test the lowest significant difference (P0.05). The result of the study found significant differences in chemical tests in the proportion of reducing and total sugars and the amount of total Phenols and Anthocyanin. No significant differences were found in the percentage of restraint of free radicals using the DPPH method. As for biological examination, the study showed that there is no growth of microorganisms in all sample.
Effect of germination and dehulling on functional properties of legume flours

The functional properties of flours derived from selected legumes were studied before and after dehulling of the germinated seeds. Ungerminated seeds were used as the control. The chosen legumes were green gram (Phaseolus aureus), cowpea (Vigna catjang), lentil (Lens culinaris) and bengal gram (Cicer arietinum). Dehulled samples had a higher protein solubility compared with germinated and control samples. The bulk densities of germinated and dehulled legume flours were lower compared to control. Germination increased water absorption capacities of legume flours from 1226, 1285, 974 and 1362 g kg(-1) to 1481, 1433, 1448 and 15 17 g kg(-1) in green gram, cowpea, lentil and bengal gram, respectively. Fat absorption capacities increased in germinated samples (1130, 1242, 920 and 837 g kg(-1)) as against 900, 993, 857 and 788 g kg(-1) at ambient conditions for green gram, cowpea, lentil and bengal gram, respectively. On dehulling, the fat absorption capacities of samples were reduced and the differences were statistically significant. The emulsification capacities of control samples ranged from 5 5 to 193 ml oil emulsified per gram of sample. On germination and dehulling, the emulsification capacities, activities and stabilities of samples increased significantly. There were increases in foaming capacities and reduction in foam stabilities of all the samples investigated on germination and dehulling. Thus, the study indicated that germination and dehulling improved the functional properties of legumes. (c) 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis, structure, and antibacterial evaluation of new N-substituted-3-amino- 5-oxo-4-phenyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamides

Novel N-substituted-3-amino-5-oxo-4-phenyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide derivatives were synthesized by means of two methods. First is the cyclization reaction of 1-(cyanophenyl)acetyl-4-substituted thiosemicarbazide, and the second one is reaction of cyanophenyl acetic acid hydrazide with isothiocyanate. Structures of new compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Biological evaluation showed that some of them possess promising antibacterial activities. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:215–221, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20598
Internal loading of phosphorus from sediments of Swarzedzkie Lake [Western Poland]

Sediments, being the most important source of phosphorus (P) in the shallow (max. depth 7.2 m), polymictic Swarzędzkie Lake during the summer, were thoroughly studied in laboratory experiments with intact cores sampled at 7 stations in four seasons of the year. Under anaerobic conditions P release rates peaked in the samples from the deepest part of the lake at 26.86 mgP md. However, the highest rates were determined at one of the littoral sites (near the mouth of a polluted stream) at 59.5 mgP md. Littoral P release coincided with occasionally low oxygen concentrations (0.2 mgO2 l ) above the bottom. On the scale of the whole lake, P release from the littoral zone, where both temperature and oxygen concentration were highly variable, had the strongest influence on the trophic state. It accounted for 63% of the annual internal load but only 55% of total lake area.
A Butanol Olfactometer for Field Measurement of Ambient Odors

A portable 1-butanol olfactometer was developed for quantifying odors in ambient air. Panelists compare the intensity of ambient odors with the intensity of discrete levels of 1-butanol provided by the olfactometer. Range of delivered 1-butanol concentrations Is 0 to 80 ppm in air at a flow rate of 15 L/min. Laboratory tests were performed to ascertain overall precision, consistency of panelist responses, uniqueness of each odor step, variability between two Identical olfactometers, and effect of delivery method. For 855 pairs of matched odor Intensities, the ratio of measured butanol concentration to set concentration averaged 0.984 or —0.023 scale steps (where the scale steps differ In concentration by factors of two). In field experiments the equivalent ambient odor Intensities determined by odor panels using the butanol olfactometer ranged from 1.5 ppm to 64 ppm of 1-butanol vapor In air. The precision of ambient odor measurements was within one-half scale step on the 1-butanol olfactometer, sufficien.
Enhancing Input Parameter Estimation by Machine Learning for the Simulation of Large-Scale Logistics Networks

The quality of large-scale logistics network simulation highly depends on the estimation of its key input parameters, which are usually influenced by various factors that are difficult to obtain. To tackle this challenge, this paper proposes a framework to estimate these parameters with high precision through machine learning, in which the impacting factors are divided into static and dynamic groups and used as features to train a learning model for estimation. To overcome the obstacle that dynamic factors are hard to obtain in some scenarios, the proposed framework employs unsupervised learning to analyze their patterns and extract time-invariant features for modeling. A validation study is conducted on the estimation of distribution center sorting times. The results proved our approach can generate more accurate estimation of input parameters, even with the shift of operational plans and absence of relevant data.
Epitopes and HIV-1 Disease ProgressionRestricted - Mutations within HLA-B*5701 Production Is Linked to the Emergence of Functional Avidity and IL-2/Perforin

Viral escape from HIV-1–speciﬁc CD8 + T cells has been demonstrated in numerous studies previously. However, the qualitative features driving the emergence of mutations within epitopes are still unclear. In this study, we aimed to distinguish whether speciﬁc functional characteristics of HLA-B*5701–restricted CD8 + T cells inﬂuence the emergence of mutations in high-risk progressors (HRPs) versus low-risk progressors (LRPs). Single-genome sequencing was performed to detect viral mutations (variants) within seven HLA-B*5701–restricted epitopes in Gag ( n = 4) and Nef ( n = 3) in six untreated HLA-B*5701 subjects followed from early infection up to 7 y. Several well-characterized effector markers (IFN- g , IL-2, MIP-1 b , TNF, CD107a, and perforin) were identiﬁed by ﬂow cytometry following autologous (initial and emerging variant/s) epitope stimulations. This study demonstrates that speciﬁc functional attributes may facilitate the outgrowth of mutations within HLA-B*5701–restricted epitopes. A signiﬁcantly lower fraction of IL-2–producing cells and a decrease in functional avidity and polyfunctional sensitivity were evident in emerging epitope variants compared with the initial autologous epitopes. Interestingly, the HRPs mainly drove these differences, whereas the LRPs maintained a directed and maintained functional response against emerging epitope variants. In addition, LRPs induced improved cell-cycle progression and perforin upregulation after autologous and emerging epitope variant stimulations in contrast to HRPs. The maintained quantitative and qualitative features of the CD8 + T cell responses in LRPs toward emerging epitope variants provide insights
AIRCRAFT ASSEMBLY RAMP-UP PLANNING USING A HYBRID SIMULATION- OPTIMIZATION APPROACH

Assembly processes have the most influencing and long-term impact on the production volume and cost in the aerospace industry. One of the most crucial factors in aircraft assembly lines design during the conceptual design phase is ramp-up planning that synchronizes the production rates at the globally dispersed facilities. Inspired by a pilot study performed with an aerospace company, this paper introduces a hybrid simulation-optimization approach for addressing an assembly production chain ramp-up problem that takes into account: (1) the interdependencies of the ramp-up profiles between final assembly lines and its upstream lines; (2) workforce planning with various learning curves; (3) inter-plant buffer and lead-time optimization, in the problem formulation. The approach supports the optimization of the ramp-up profile that minimizes the times the aircraft assemblies stay in the buffers and simultaneously attains zero backlog. It also generates the required simulation-optimization data for supporting the decision-making activities in the industrialization projects.
ARBERT & MARBERT: Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Arabic

Pre-trained language models (LMs) are currently integral to many natural language processing systems. Although multilingual LMs were also introduced to serve many languages, these have limitations such as being costly at inference time and the size and diversity of non-English data involved in their pre-training. We remedy these issues for a collection of diverse Arabic varieties by introducing two powerful deep bidirectional transformer-based models, ARBERT and MARBERT. To evaluate our models, we also introduce ARLUE, a new benchmark for multi-dialectal Arabic language understanding evaluation. ARLUE is built using 42 datasets targeting six different task clusters, allowing us to offer a series of standardized experiments under rich conditions. When fine-tuned on ARLUE, our models collectively achieve new state-of-the-art results across the majority of tasks (37 out of 48 classification tasks, on the 42 datasets). Our best model acquires the highest ARLUE score (77.40) across all six task clusters, outperforming all other models including XLM-R Large ( 3.4x larger size). Our models are publicly available at https://github.com/UBC-NLP/marbert and ARLUE will be released through the same repository.
Effects of salinity on the transformation of heavy metals in tropical estuary wetland soil

Tropical estuary wetlands are important for aquaculture and wildlife. However, many of them receive large amounts of anthropogenic heavy metals annually. Here, the transformation of spiked heavy metals, namely, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, and the effects of salinity on their transformation in wetland soils after an eight-month-long incubation under moisture-saturation conditions were studied in the Pearl River estuary in China. Cd exhibited high mobility and bioavailability, with 12.2% to 25% Cd existing in the exchangeable fraction. Other heavy metals primarily existed in the reducible and oxidisable forms, and less than 2% were bound to the exchangeable fraction. Compared with the controls, contents of none of the metals associated with residual forms were significantly altered. These results imply that most exchangeable metals, except for Cd, transformed into other stable fractions through an eight-month-long ageing process, but not into the residual fraction. Thus, transformation from non-residual to residual forms was very slow in the tropical estuary wetland environment. Addition of NaCl increased the exchangeable fractions of Cd, Pb, and Zn, suggesting that increased soil salinity induced by flood tides during the dry season may enhance their mobility.
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS AND PATHOGENICITY OF A NOVEL ISOLATE OF FUSARIUM ANTHOPHILUM FROM EGG PLANT SEEDLINGS

Samples were collected from dead or infected with wilted and stunted eggplant seedlings from the gardening station in Karbala governorate. The causes were isolated and diagnosed in the laboratory of plant diseases at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa. The phenotypic diagnosis showed that the pathogenic isolates were Fusarium species. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to diagnose the isolates and a nucleotide sequence of the double DNA product was determined. The results, analyzed by PCR products using BLAST program, showed that the pathogen isolates that belong to Fusarium anthophilum differed from the isolates belonging to the same type recorded in NCBI. Therefore, it was registered in the NCBI as Leith and entry number MT548905. The results of the pathogenicity test of the diagnosed isolate showed that it reduced the germination of eggplant seeds by 30% compared to the germination rate of 93% in the control treatment. The isolation of the same fungus under the nursery conditions led to a germination rate of about 40% and the death rate of seedlings to 50%, compared to the control treatment. Also, the treatment of seeds with the fungal filtrate led to a significant reduction in the germination percentage of eggplant seeds to 40% compared to 93.33% in the control treatment. The fungal filtrate also resulted in a significant reduction in seedlings length and the fresh and dry weight of seedlings compared to untreated seedlings of the control.
IDENTIFYING THE BEST SYSTEM IN THE PRESENSE OF STOCHASTIC CONSTRAINTS WITH VARYING THRESHOLDS

We consider the problem of finding a system with the best primary performance measure among a finite number of simulated systems in the presence of stochastic constraints on secondary performance measures. When no feasible system exists, the decision maker may be willing to consider looser thresholds. Given that there is no change in the underlying simulated systems, we adopt the concept of green simulation and perform feasibility check across all potential thresholds simultaneously. We propose an indifference-zone procedure that takes multiple threshold values for each constraint based on the user’s inputs and returns the best system that is feasible to the most desirable thresholds. We prove that our procedure yields the best system in the most desirable feasible region possible with at least a prespecified probability. Our experimental results show that the proposed procedure performs well with respect to the number of required observations as compared with an existing procedure.
SIMULATION APPLICATIONS IN HUMANITARIAN LOGISTICS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Humanitarian logistics involve planning, acting and controlling situations in which vulnerable people are involved. Simulation techniques can successfully represent the dynamics of disasters, characterized by situations of complexity and uncertainties. This work aims to review papers that apply simulation techniques to solve problems that arise in disaster situations. To accomplish this, we analysed 33 papers published from 2010 to 2019, indexed in Scopus or Web of Science databases, that used simulation techniques to solve humanitarian problems. The descriptive analysis conducted found out that there is a small but increasing number of papers over time. Discrete events simulation and system dynamics are the most used techniques. From the content analysis we find that most research focuses on short term decisions and solving problems related to post-disaster response in unforeseen events. However, topics such as evacuation and transportation of victims are still unexplored.