Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of individualized learning plans among fourth-year sub-interns in pediatrics and internal medicine

Background: Individualized Learning Plans (ILPs) are an effective tool for promoting self-directed learning among residents. However, no literature details ILP use among medical students. Methods: Fifty fourth-year sub-interns in pediatrics and internal medicine created ILPs, including a self-assessment of strengths and weaknesses based on ACGME core competencies and the setting of learning objectives. During weekly follow-up meetings with faculty mentors and peers, students discussed challenges and revised goals. Upon completion of the rotation, students completed a survey of Likert-scale questions addressing satisfaction with and perceived utility of ILP components. Results: Students most often self-identified strengths in the areas of Professionalism and Interpersonal and Communication Skills and weaknesses in Patient Care and Systems-Based Practice. Eighty-two percent set at least one learning objective in an identified area of weakness. Students expressed high confidence in their abilities to create achievable learning objectives and to generate strategies to meet those objectives. Students agreed that discussions during group meetings were meaningful, and they identified the setting learning objectives and weekly meetings as the most important elements of the exercise. Conclusions: Fourth-year sub-interns reported that ILPs helped them to accomplish rotation goals, with the setting of learning objectives and weekly discussions being the most useful elements.
Retinoic acid regulates gap junction intercellular communication in human endometrial stromal cells through modulation of the phosphorylation status of connexin 43

Previous studies revealed that gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) among uterine stromal cells plays critical roles in modulating decidualization, neovasularization, and embryo implantation. Connexin (Cx) proteins are the major component of gap junctions and Cx43 is the most widely expressed connexin in endometrium. Phosphorylation of Cx43 was found to impair gap junction communication in this tissue. Using primary human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and a stable high telomerase‐expressing ESC transfectant (T‐HESC), we found that retinoic acid (RA) altered the phosphorylation status of Cx43 protein such that there was a decrease in the phosphorylated (P1 and P2) species accompanied by an increase in the non‐phosphorylated (P0) form. This process is dependent on protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity since selective PP2A inhibitors prevented the ability of RA to dephosphorylate Cx43. Although RA had no effect on total PP2A expression or activity, it significantly increased the intracellular association of Cx43 and PP2A. Inhibition of transcription and protein synthesis by actinomycin D and cycloheximide, respectively, had no effect on the RA‐induced changes in the Cx43 phosphorylation pattern. Furthermore, BMS493, a potent antagonist of the classical RA‐mediated transcriptional pathway, did not inhibit RA‐induced Cx43 dephosphorylation. Our data indicate that RA stimulates physical association of PP2A with Cx43, resulting in the dephosphorylation of Cx43 and, as a consequence, up‐regulation of GJIC in ESCs. This process is independent of new mRNA and protein synthesis and suggests a novel mechanism by which aberrant retinoid metabolism can explain certain reproductive disorders manifested by dysfunctional endometrial cell GJIC. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 903–910, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional unification of higher-order patterns

The complete development of a unification algorithm for so-called higher-order patterns, a subclass of lambda -terms, is presented. The starting point is a formulation of unification by transformation, and the result a directly executable functional program. In a final development step, the result is adapted to lambda -terms in de Bruijn's (1972) notation. The algorithms work for both simply typed and untyped terms. <<ETX>>
Nonplanar VLSI device analysis using the solution of Poisson's equation

Techniques are presented for calculating the drain current of small-geometry MOSFET's in the linear, subthreshold, and punch-through regions of device operation. The current calculation depends only on the electrostatic solution of the two-dimensional Poisson equation in the device. The accuracy of the techniques is established by comparisons with full two-dimensional simulations based on the simultaneous solution of the Poisson and minority-carrier current-continuity equations. The results of simulation also agree well with measurements on MOSFET's having submicrometer effective channel lengths. The application of the simulations to nonplanar technologies is illustrated by the analysis of a taper-isolated dynamic-gain RAM cell. A description is given of simple numerical techniques for solving Poisson's equation in the presence of nonplanar boundaries. The solution method demonstrates good convergence characteristics and minimizes computer storage requirements. Consequently, the simulation capabilities have been successfully implemented on a desktop calculator (Hewlett-Packard 9845) and on minicomputers (Hewlett-Packard 2100 and 1000-F).
Opportunities and Challenges in Brain Mapping with Diffusion MRI

Diffusion MRI provides new contrasts with which to image and map features of human brain microstructure and architecture in vivo. As powerful as this method currently is, it still has great potential to provide high-dimensional quantitative data with which to segment and cluster different brain regions, probe tissue microstructure and compartmental features, and provide clinicians with new quantitative imaging biomarkers with greater specificity and sensitivity.
Field, circuit, and visualization based simulation methodology for passive electronic components

A comprehensive approach to simulating multiple aspects of the in-circuit performance of discrete linear passive electronic components is presented. The methodology reveals interactions between the spatially distributed electromagnetic field and the time domain response of the circuit via high-quality interactive visualizations of field and circuit quantities. The simulation environment allows simultaneous viewing of voltage or current waveforms in the circuit elements and spatial distributions of the electric or potential fields inside and outside system components. This modeling methodology integrates several disciplines of simulation technology, such as efficient numerical algorithms for 3D spatial solvers, stable and robust time domain models of nonlinear circuit elements, compact storage and efficient representation of computed data, and high performance visualization methods.
Collaborations in Service Engineering:: Modeling, Analysis and Execution

The development of distributed reactive systems is a complex and error-prone process. These systems consist of many separate autonomous components that operate concurrently and continuously interact with each other and with the environment in order to deliver services to the end-users. These systems are becoming more and more sophisticated, providing an ever expanding portfolio of services. In many cases new and customizable services are considered the key to increased revenues. Being able to rapidly develop and incrementally deploy such services, while avoiding undesired interactions with already existing services, therefore becomes strategically important. In this thesis we present a service-oriented and model-driven approach to engineering distributed reactive systems. The approach integrates model creation and analysis tightly. Services are explicitly modeled as collaborations between roles, using UML 2 collaborations. These offer powerful means to structure and reuse crosscutting system behavior, and to provide a high-level overview of it. Complex collaborations can be composed from more elementary ones, whose behavior can be completely described using sequence diagrams. The full behavior of a composite collaboration can in turn be described using a choreography graph, which defines the global execution ordering of its sub-collaborations.For each service collaboration, the state machine behavior of its roles can be automatically synthesized. These roles are then assigned to the components that will play them. The subsequent composition and coordination of such roles to form complete component behavior may call for human assistance. Having confidence in the correctness of the models being created is important. For that reason we identify some good practices in service modeling. We also propose early analysis techniques that help to uncover undesired or overlooked behaviors at two critical points during the modeling process. First, each service model is analyzed separately in search of realizability problems. That is, pathologies that may cause the joint behavior of the set of distributed roles synthesized from the service model to be different from the global behavior specified in the model. We provide algorithms to detect some realizability problems. Moreover, we discuss the actual nature of those problems and their underlying causes. This is important not only to adopt the most appropriate resolution when problems are detected, but also to avoid them in the first place. Second, the potential interactions between the roles that any component may play are analyzed, in order to adopt appropriate coordination measures.
Sexual Dimorphism in the Antennal Lobe of the Ant Camponotus japonicus

Abstract The carpenter ant, a social hymenopteran, has a highly elaborated antennal chemosensory system that is used for chemical communication in social life. The glomeruli in the antennal lobe are the first relay stations where sensory neurons synapse onto interneurons. The system is functionally and structurally similar to the olfactory bulbs of vertebrates. Using three-dimensional reconstruction of glomeruli and subsequent morphometric analyses, we found sexual dimorphism of the antennal lobe glomeruli in carpenter ants, Camponotus japonicus. Female workers and unmated queens had about 430 glomeruli, the highest number reported so far in ants. Males had a sexually dimorphic macroglomerulus and about 215 ordinary glomeruli. This appeared to result from a greatly reduced number of glomeruli in the postero-medial region of the antennal lobe compared with that in females. On the other hand, sexually isomorphic glomeruli were identifiable in the dorsal region of the antennal lobe. For example, large, uniquely shaped glomeruli located at the dorso-central margin of the antennal lobe were detected in all society members. The great sexual dimorphism seen in the ordinary glomeruli of the antennal lobe may reflect gender-specific tasks in chemical communications rather than different reproductive roles.
The chemistry of the collagen cross-links. The characterization of fraction C, a possible artifact produced during the reduction of collagen fibres with borohydride.

The present paper describes the isolation and identification of a major radioactive component of borotritide-reduced collagen, previously designated Fraction C. The derived structure for the compound confirms that it is identical with the ;post-histidine' component described by Tanzer et al. (1973) and given the trivial name histidino-hydroxymerodesmosine. Detailed studies of the effects of acid pH on the formation of Fraction C after borohydride reduction demonstrated the apparent lability of the non-reduced form, thus confirming our previous findings (Bailey & Lister, 1968). Inhibition of the formation of this component by the acid treatment appears to be due to protonation of the histidine imidazole group. Since the only new component formed on reduction of the acid-treated fibres was the reduced aldol condensation product, these results indicate that neither the histidine nor the hydroxylysine residues can be involved in covalent linkage with the aldol condensation product in the native fibre. It is suggested therefore that the proposed non-reduced aldimine form of Fraction C does not exist as an intermolecular cross-link in vivo. Thus the presence of histidino-hydroxymerodesmosine as a tetrafunctional cross-link in reduced collagen fibres is a result of a base-catalysed reaction promoted by the borohydride-reduction procedure and this component must therefore be considered as an artifact.
Working Memory Models: Insights From Neuroimaging.

FIGURE 1. The Atkinson and Shiffrin Model of memory is diagramed in the gray panel. Sensory information is perceived and suppressed via selective attention processes, then briefly held in the limited-capacity modality-specific sensory register. Information enhanced by selective attention enters into short term memory (STM). The process of rehearsal (maintenance) can sustain information in STM. Information in STM is automatically encoded (stored, consolidated) into long term memory (LTM). Although flawed, this model continues to provide a simple and easy approach to understanding memory. Assumptions that proved to be inconsistent with research included that any information in STM will transfer to LTM and that STM is required
N-(2,2-Dimethylpropanoyl)-N′-(2-methoxyphenyl)thiourea

In the title compound, C13H18N2O2S, the carbonylthiourea fragment is nearly planar with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0096 Å. The dihedral angle between carbonylthiourea group and the benzene ring is 19.16 (16)°. There are two intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which lead to two pseudo-six-membered rings. Weak intramolecular C—H⋯S hydrogen bonding also occurs.
Secure communication protocol using embedded devices based on FPGA

This paper will describe a novel and secure communication protocol based on a hybrid System On Chip (FPGA Programmable Logic, plus Dual Core ARM Processing System) embedded architecture. Due to this System On Chip feature, the tasks for each component can be easily delimited, implemented and controllable. Taking in account the destination of the protocol: security and communication (which implies that computational speed is an important factor), this paper will deal with both security and speed aspects. The wide usage of this protocol can be applied beneath the presented one - simple instant messenger (chat) facility. Once the principles are understood, the embedded device can be used for a lot more types of communication.
CDMC 07 / 06 Country Portfolio Dynamics *

This paper presents a general approximation method for characterizing timevarying equilibrium portfolios in a two-country dynamic general equilibrium model. The method can be easily adapted to most dynamic general equilibrium models, it applies to environments in which markets are complete or incomplete, and it can be used for models of any dimension. Moreover, the approximation provides simple, easily interpretable closed form solutions for the dynamics of equilibrium portfolios. JEL Classification: E52, E58, F41
A Distributed Algorithm for Power Management in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Resource sharing in distributed network becomes known as a major problem when systems have physical or virtual resources accessible by more than one process at a time. Mutual Exclusion, is proposed as a solution to guarantee the correctness of read/written information from/in the shared resource or critical sections (CS). Mobile ad hoc Network is an unstable network formed dynamically by a connection of wireless mobile nodes without the use of an existing network substructure. Since energy consumption during communication is a major depletion parameter the number of communication must be reduced as much as possible to achieve extended battery life. Since battery technology does not grow as rapidly as CPU or memory does so there is a strong need for the presence of protocols which are as energy efficient as effective. In this paper we present a new fully distributed token–based mutual-exclusion algorithm for clustered Mobile ad-hoc network with message count reduction purpose which eventuates to power optimization. Therefore we use Raymond's algorithm (which is well-known in stepping down message complexity) within the clusters and perpetual Mobility of token (that is so efficient in high load network such as Manet's) between the clusters.
Point of care devices should not be relied upon for perioperative glucose measurement.

maintenance fluids. J Paediatr Child Health 2009;45:9–14 6. Hadimioglu N, Saadawy I, Saglam T, Ertug Z, Dinckan A. The effect of different crystalloid solutions on acid-base balance and early kidney function after kidney transplantation. Anesth Analg 2008;107:264–9 7. Waters J, Gottlieb A, Schoenwald P, Popovich M, Sprung J, Nelson D. Normal saline versus lactated Ringer’s solution for intra-operative fluid management in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: an outcome study. Anesth Analg 2001;93:817–22 8. McFarlane C, Lee A. A comparison of Plasmalyte 148 and 0.9% saline for intra-operative fluid replacement. Anaesthesia 1994; 49:779–81 DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181f70814
Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness.

Foreword : Physicians often struggle to know how to recognize and satisfactorily diagnosis a condition currently called myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Worse yet, some physicians do not regard ME/CFS as a legitimate patho-logical disorder because there are no distinctive laboratory-based biomarkers for the condition. This frustrates both patients and their providers. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) was asked by the Department of Health and Human Services and ﬁ ve other federal sponsors to better de ﬁ ne this complex clinical disorder and, if possible, to ﬁ nd a better name for it. Because as many as 2.5 million individuals suffer from this condition and many are never diagnosed, it is extremely important to help physicians better recognize and diagnose this disease more regularly and consistently. This report recommends a pre-scribed set of diagnostic criteria and describes how it was developed. The committee also recommends a new name that better describes a hallmark symptom of the disease, as well as its severity. —
Experimental Observation of Dark Solitons on Water Surface

Abstract : We present the first ever observation of dark solitons on the water surface. It takes the form of an amplitude drop of the carrier wave which does not change shape in propagation. The shape and width of the soliton depend on the water depth, carrier frequency and the amplitude of the background wave. The experimental data taken in a water tank show an excellent agreement with the theory. These results may improve our understanding of the nonlinear dynamics of water waves infinite depth.
EXPLORING NEURAL ARCHITECTURE SEARCH FOR LANGUAGE TASKS

Neural architecture search (NAS), the task of finding neural architectures automatically, has recently emerged as a promising approach for unveiling better models over human-designed ones. However, most success stories are for vision tasks and have been quite limited for text, except for a small language modeling setup. In this paper, we explore NAS for text sequences at scale, by first focusing on the task of language translation and later extending to reading comprehension. From a standard sequence-to-sequence models for translation, we conduct extensive searches over the recurrent cells and attention similarity functions across two translation tasks, IWSLT English-Vietnamese and WMT German-English. We report challenges in performing cell searches as well as demonstrate initial success on attention searches with translation improvements over strong baselines. In addition, we show that results on attention searches are transferable to reading comprehension on the SQuAD dataset.
A New Method of Storing Integral Image for Memory Efficiency Using Modified Block Structure

Integral image is the sum of input image pixel values. It is mainly used to speed up the process of a box filter operation, such as Haarlike features. However, large memory capacity for integral image data can be an obstacle in an embedded environment with limited hardware. In a previous research, [5] reduced the size of integral image memory using 2× 2 block structure with additional calculations. It can be easily extended to n×n block structure for further reduction, but it requires more additional calculations. In this paper, we propose a new block structure for the integral image by modifying the location of the reference pixel in the block. It results in much less additional calculations by reducing the number of memory accesses, while keeping the same amount of memory as the original block structure. key words: integral image, image processing, image recognition, embedded system
Correlates of Methylphenidate Use in Canadian Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of methylphenidate (MPH) use among Canadian children aged 2 to 11 years, from 1994–1995 to 1998–1999 and to identify sociodemographic, child, and parent–family correlates are identified. Methods: Cross-sectional data collections from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY) for 1994–1995, 1996–1997, and 1998–1999 were used and samples weighted up to population levels (n = 17 814 in 1994–1995, 13 575 in 1996–1997, and 18 980 in 1998–1999). Logistic regression identified correlates of parent-reported MPH use in each time period. Results: MPH use by Canadian children increased from 1.33% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17% to 1.50%) in 1994–1995 to 1.60% (95%CI, 1.42% to 1.78%) in 1998–1999. Use among school children aged 6 to 11 years increased from 1.94% (95%CI, 1.68% to 2.20%) in 1994–1995 to 2.42% (95%CI, 2.14% to 2.71%) in 1998–1999. Use of MPH increased among girls, from 0.52% (95%CI, 0.32% to 0.67%) in 1994–1995 to 0.97% (95%CI, 0.77% to 1.17%) in 1998–1999. For a child with parent-reported hyperactivity, the odds ratios for using MPH were 6.30 (95%CI, 4.94 to 8.90) in 1994–1995 and 12.54 (95%CI, 9.74 to 16.16) in 1998–1999. Age 6 to 11 years, male sex, and absence of parental alcohol use were significant correlates of MPH use in all time periods. Parental smoking correlated with MPH use in 1994–1995 and in 1998–1999. Conclusions: Less than 2% of Canadian children used MPH between 1994 and 1999. Some increase in use occurred among school-aged children and girls. Parent-reported hyperactivity was the most important correlate of MPH use.
Haemophilus influenzae Type b Polysaccharide-Protein Conjugate Vaccine

Abstract An Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide-protein conjugate has been prepared. The polysaccharide was coupled to the serotype II protein of group B meningococcus through the spacer 6-aminocaproic acid using cyanogen bromide and water soluble carbodiimide. The conjugate can be shown to be reproducible and is stable and highly immunogenic in mice and African green monkeys. Clinical evaluation of this conjugate in children 3 months to 4 years of age showed that it elicited an antibody titer to the polysaccharide moiety greater than 1000 ng/ml in children 8 months of age or older.
On-chip magnetic particle transport by alternating magnetic field gradients

We have demonstrated an on-chip magnetic bead transport device based on a set of two tapered current conductors. We have fabricated and tested two types of devices. Both devices are capable of trapping single magnetic microbeads and guiding them along a defined magnetic track. We examined scaling of the basic repetitive element and found good agreement among experiment, theory, and simulations. This novel magnetic transport mechanism opens possibilities for controlled manipulation of magnetically labeled biomolecules.