Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forage Quality Analysis of Dactylic glomerata, Onobrychis sativa and Setaria galauca in North of Iran by Different Methods

This study was done to measure the nutritional value of three range plants (Dactylic glomerata, Onobrychis sativa and Setaria galauca) as ruminant food that were collected completely random from north of Iran (Guilan). Chemical analysis and in vitro gas production technique were used as the base for that evaluation. The chemical composition in term of ash, Ether Extract (EE), Crude Protein (CP), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Non Fibrous Carbohydrates (NFC), Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE), Crude Fiber (CF) and Organic Material (OM) were significantly (p<0.05) varies among D. glomerata, O. sativa and S. galauca. CP was ranged from 8% (S. galauca) to 24% (O. sativa) and ADF from 37.8% (O. sativa) to 67.45% (S. galauca). Gas produced from fermentable fraction (b) and the potential gas production (a+b) were significantly (p<0.01) higher in D. glomerata 68.53 and 63.85 mL respectively, 66.09 and 63.39 mL, respectively for O. sativa and 49.5 and 47.4 mL, respectively for S. galauca. This is due to their high content of CP and low content of ADF. Therefore, according to the potential gas production performance D. glomerata were ranked higher than the two other plants. The higher values obtained for the potential gas production in the D. glomerata and O. sativa will indicate a better nutrient availability for rumen microorganisms. Most of chemical compositions were significantly correlated with gas production characteristics, ash and ADF were correlated negatively with gas produced from fermentable part fraction (b) and the potential gas production (a+b), while CP and ash were correlated positively but EE and ADF were correlated negatively.
Assessment of automatic facial expressions recognition "in the wild": a time-series analysis using GAMM and SiZer methods

The analysis of facial expressions is currently a favored method of inferring experienced emotion, and consequently significant efforts are currently being made to develop improved facial expression recognition techniques. Among these new techniques, those which allow the automatic recognition of facial expression appear to be most promising. This paper presents a new method of facial expression analysis with a focus on the continuous evolution of emotions using Generalized Additive Mixed Models and Significant Zero Crossing of the Derivative (SiZer). The time-series analysis of the emotions experienced by participants watching a series of three different online videos suggests that analysis of facial expressions at the overall level may lead to misinterpretation of the emotional experience whereas non-linear analysis allows the significant expressive sequences to be identified.
The Applicability of Online Communities in Health Service Co-Design

Evidence indicates that engaging local communities in health service co-creation can contribute to more responsive and efficient services. A variety of approaches have been proposed to involve the various stakeholders along the service life-cycle. While the planning, delivery and monitoring of health services are increasingly characterized by an extensive use of the Internet, little is known about its applicability in their co-design. However, the current health service co-design practice presents major challenges in involving overloaded staff and hard-to-reach patients. This study aims to explore the challenges faced by the health service co-design practice in physical environments and the potential and limitations of online communities for health service co-design. We will describe how an online community was integrated in a recent health service design project, and discuss some observations from the design facilitators and responses from the project coordinators and participants.
Institutional Environment, Accrual-based and Real Earnings Management in Emerging Markets: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies

Earnings management behavior is yet to be effectively explained as theoretical circles largely focus on accrual-based earnings management. Cohen et al (2003) shows that with the continuous improvement of the legal system, US companies are more inclined to adopt real earnings management rather than accrual-based earnings management. As legal systems in emerging capital markets are relatively weak, thus whether the results of Cohen et al. can be applied in emerging markets is yet to be fully investigated. Based on the existing uneven development of institutional environment in China, we apply the system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to test the effect of the institutional environment on accrual-based and real earnings management in listed companies and explore the role of the institutional environment in the strategic choices of earnings management. Results show that sound institutional environment suppresses accrual-based and increases real earnings management in listed companies. In addition, similar to the SOX legislation in the U.S., we find that improvement of the institutional environment in China also has an effective governance impact on earnings management. Keywords: Institutional Environment, Accrual-based Earnings Management, Real Earnings Management, Earnings Management Strategy, System GMM Estimation
A stakeholder model for implementing social responsibility in marketing

Purpose – To provide a comprehensive managerial framework to understand and provide a well balanced and integrated stakeholder orientation for implementing corporate social responsibility in marketing.Design/methodology/approach – Many published articles provide significant findings related to narrow dimensions of stakeholder orientation in marketing. This article utilizes existing knowledge on this topic to support a methodology to implement a well‐integrated corporate social responsibility program that encompasses marketing.Findings – The findings provide a grounded framework based on previous research that provides a step‐by‐step approach for implementing corporate social responsibility from a marketing perspective.Research limitations/implications – The framework developed in this paper provides an opportunity to examine to what extent the step‐by‐step methodology has been implemented in organizations as well as alternative approaches for implementation.Practical implications – This is a managerial gu.
UWB Monopole Antenna with WLAN Frequency Band-Notched Performance by using a Pair of E-Shaped Slits

─ In this paper an ultra-wideband monopole antenna with frequency band-stop performance is designed and manufactured. The proposed antenna consists of square radiating patch with two E-shaped slits and a ground plane with a protruded T-shaped strip inside the rectangular slot. In the proposed structure, by inserting a rectangular slot with a T-shaped strip protruded inside the slot on the ground plane, additional resonance is excited and hence, much wider impedance bandwidth can be produced, especially at the higher band. In order to create band-rejected function we use two E-shaped slits in the square radiating patch. The fabricated antenna has the frequency band of 3 GHz to over 12.7 GHz with a rejection band around 5 GHz – 6 GHz. Good VSWR and radiation pattern characteristics are obtained in the frequency band of interest. Simulated and measured results are presented to validate the usefulness of the proposed antenna structure for UWB applications Index Terms ─ Band-notched function, E-shaped slit, microstrip-fed monopole antenna, protruded T-shaped strip, and ultra-wideband (UWB) communications.
Nanostructures for Optoelectronics : Device Fabrication and Characterization

The nanoscale is an exciting domain when it comes to crystal growth, light-matter interaction and electronics. Especially for optoelectronics, semiconductor nanostructures have many advantages compared to traditional planar structures and are highly interesting for the next generation of solar cells, photodetectors and light emitting diodes. This dissertation explores device fabrication, and electrical and electro-optical characterization of semiconductor nanostructures, with an emphasis on materials and structures suitable for optoelectronics. The first part gives an overview of nanowire synthesis, doping and current challenges in the field. The second part describes doping characterization at the nanoscale using electrical measurement techniques. A fabrication scheme for making nanowire devices for Hall effect characterization and field-effect characterization is presented. Methods for simulating electric transport in nanowires to analyze measurements and determine doping concentration from Hall and field-effect measurements are discussed. Doping incorporation in InP core-shell nanowires is studied with Hall effect and correlated to optical characterization techniques. An experimental comparison between nanowire Hall effect measurements and field-effect measurements is presented. A three-probe device geometry to simplify Hall effect measurements is suggested and experimentally verified. Hall measurements are performed on nanowire-based platelet-structures. The last part of the dissertation describes fabrication and characterization of nanoscale optoelectronic devices. Nanowires with p-n junctions synthesized using the high-throughput and substrate-less Aerotaxy method are characterized and shown to have promising properties. Finally, fabrication and electro-optical characterization of nitride platelet LEDs with emission from UV to red is presented.
A revision of the fundamental parameters of the open cluster Hogg 15 and the projected star WR 47

We revise the fundamental parameters of the faint open cluster Hogg 15, for which two recent colour-magnitude diagram (CMD) studies have obtained significantly different ages. In the present study, we combine a series of methods trying to constrain age, together with other fundamental parameters. We employ spatial extractions to construct the CMDs, and the cluster integrated spectrum to compare it with those of templates of known age. We derive fundamental parameters, in particular, distance, of the closely projected Wolf-Rayet star HDE311884 (WR47) - often proposed to be physically related to Hogg 15. Based on the WR47 spectrum and available photometry, we conclude that the short distance implied by the Hipparcos parallax (216 pc) is affected by binary motion. From the WR47 spectrum we estimate a reddening E(B-V) and a distance of 1.10 ′ 0.05 and 5.2 ′ 0.9 kpc, respectively. For Hogg 15 we derive an age of 20 ′ 10 Myr, a reddening of 1.10 ′ 0.05, and a distance of 3.1 ′ 0.5 kpc. We conclude that Hogg 15 is not related to WR47 from the point of view of origin, since the cluster and the star do not belong to the same formation event.
THE USE OF PLYWOOD COVERBOARDS TO SAMPLE HERPETOFAUNA IN A CALIFORNIA OAK WOODLAND

Methods for assessing terrestrial herpetofauna have included pitfall traps, timeand area-constrained searches, and, recently, d c i a l cover objects. As part of a study of the response of terrestrial vertebrates to prescribed burning in oak (Quercus spp.) woodland, we placed 136 plywood coverboards each on 9,5.8-ha study plots in oak woodland at Camp Roberts in northern San Luis Obispo County, California Boards were monitored every 7-10 days during February through April of 1995 and 1996. During this period, we recorded 2,658 encounters of 15 to 17 species of amphbians, lizards, and snakes during 33,728 coverboard checks: 4 or 5 species of amphibians, 5 or 6 lizards, and 6 snake species. About half (15 to 17 of 31) of herpetofaunal species predicted to ocnu in San Luis &spo County by the California Wildlife-Habitat Relationships (WHR) system were observed under coverboards. Coverboards sampled proportionately, but not sigmticantly (P > 0.05), more species (15 to 17 of 31) in San Luis Obispo County than either timed searches (5 of 25) or pitfall arrays (8 of 25) sampled in oak woodlands in Madera County. A notably hlgher proportion of snakes was sampled by coverboards (6 of 14) than by timed searches (1 of 12) or pitfalls (0 of 12). Encounter rate was higher (P < 0.001) for coverboards (7.9%) than pitfalls (1.0%). A detected species assemblage comparable with that of other herpetofaunal sampling techniques, low cost of materials, low maintenance, short operation time, and low risk of injury to encountered amphibians and reptdes suggest that coverboards may be a technique worth consideration for sampling herpetofbm in oak woodlands.
A Structural Empirical Model of R&D, Firm Heterogeneity, and Industry Evolution*

This paper develops and estimates a dynamic industry equilibrium model of R&D, R&D spill-overs, and productivity evolution of manufacturing plants in the Korean electric motor industry from 1991 to 1996. Plant-level decisions for R&D, physical capital investment, entry, and exit are integrated in an equilibrium model with imperfectly competitive product market. Estimates of the structural parameters explains observed heterogeneity in plant R&D choice, size, and turnover, and quantifies how R&D and R&D spill-overs drive the change of plant productivity and industry structure. Given the structural estimates, I study an important policy question: how does product market competition aect individual firm innovation and aggregate industry productivity? The empirical model is estimated in two steps. In the first step, a model of static market competition is used to estimate the demand elasticity, returns to scale in production, and the process of plant level productivity. The initial productivity distribution for new entrants is also recovered. In the second step, I use a Simulated Method of Moments estimator to estimate the cost of R&D, the magnitude of the R&D spill-over, adjustment costs of physical investment, and the distribution of plant scrap values. To circumvent the computational burden of solving the industry equilibrium with a large number of plants in the second stage estimation, I apply the recent approximation method of Weintraub, Benkard and Van Roy (2005). The industry equilibrium model provides a natural link from individual firm’s R&D decisions to aggregate industry productivity. Counterfactual experiments of two policies are implemented. Increasing the elasticity of substitution between products increases plant innovation incentives and the plant turnover. In the long run, a 5% drop in price-cost margin improves industry productivity by 2.8%. In contrast, a lower entry cost, which increases total entry by 50%, does not change industry productivity. Although the market selection eect is strengthened by higher firm turnover, the plant’s incentives to invest in R&D are reduced.
Voltammetry Study of an Anti-HIV Compound by means of a Thin Organic Membrane

Cyclic and square wave voltammetries have been used to study electrochemical behaviour of an anti-HIV agent (Guttiferone A) at the liquid-liquid interface. The thin organic membrane is formed by an organic solvent containing redox probe. Guttiferone A, a benzophenone (BP) with appropriate electrolyte. It is demonstrated that BP possesses three reduction systems due to the redox transformation of the three tautomeric forms that lead to the migration of proton between the hydroxyl group in position 4 and the carbonyl group in positions 2 and 10. The transfer of proton from the aqueous solution to the organic phase is crucial for the redox transformation of BP into the organic membrane. The voltammograms obtained are strongly influenced by the pH of the aqueous phase. The electrochemical mechanism consists of 2e−/2H
SPATIAL MODELS FOR ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE IN URBAN DATABASE CONTEXT

Despite the GIS (Geographic Information Systems/Geospatial Information Systems) have been provided with several applications to manage the two-dimensional geometric information and arrange the topological relations among different spatial primitives, most of these systems have limited capabilities to manage the three-dimensional space. Other tools, such as CAD systems, have already achieved a full capability of representing 3D data. Most of the researches in the field of GIS have underlined the necessity of a full 3D management capability which is not yet achieved by the available systems ( Rahman, Pilouk 2008) (Zlatanova 2002). First of all to reach this goal is important to define the spatial data model, which is at the same time a geometric and topological model and so integrating these two aspects in relation to the database management efficiency and documentation purposes. The application field on which these model can be tested is the spatial data managing of Architectural Heritage documentation, to evaluate the pertinence of these spatial models to the requested scale for the needs of such a documentation. Most of the important aspects are the integration of metric data originated from different sources and the representation and management of multiscale data. The issues connected with the representation of objects at higher LOD than the ones defined by the CityGML will be taken into account. T he aim of this paper is then to investigate which are the favorable application of a framework in order to integrate two different approaches: architectural heritage spatial documentation and urban scale spatial data management.
Image retrieval based on saliency detection in the application of the guide system

A new saliency detection algorithm based on image segmentation and color histogram is proposed. The saliency values of partitions are decided by the spatial location and color difference which is measured by the difference of same color pixel number between the regions. In order to enhance salient areas and inhibit background noise a selective enhancement suppression method is used. Through the comparison of using the enhanced suppression method and not using by experiments, a better saliency map can be obtained by using this method. An image retrieval algorithm based on image saliency detection is proposed, which extracts salient areas from saliency map and divides them into blocks. Then the features of the images to search are composed of average saliency value and spatial location of each block. Finally the method is applied to guide system, which can quickly and accurately retrieve tourism information.
Near-infrared light absorption and scattering based on a mono-layer of gold nanoparticles

We report fabrication and characterization of large-area ultrathin near-infrared light absorbers and scatterers based on a mono-layer of gold nanoparticles laying on top of a dielectric spacer and an aluminum reflector. The nanoparticles are formed through thermal annealing of an evaporated continuous gold film. Through optimization of initial gold-film thickness, spacer thickness, as well as annealing temperature we obtained samples that exhibit very low (~2%) broadband specular reflectance at near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range. By considering also diffuse reflection, we identify that the low specular reflectance can be due to either relatively high light absorption (~70%) or high light scattering (over 60%), with the latter achieved for samples having relatively sparse gold nanoparticles. Both strong absorption and scattering of NIR light are not inherent properties of the bulk materials used for fabricating the samples. Such composite optical surfaces can potentially be integrated to solar-energy harvesting and LED devices.
Adaptive algorithms for enhancement of speech subject to a high-level noise

There are many industrial environments which are exposed to a high-level noise, sometimes much higher than the level of speech. Verbal communication is then practically unfeasible. In order to increase the speech intelligibility, appropriate speech enhancement algorithms can be used. It is impossible to filter off the noise completely from the acquired signal by using a conventional filter, because of two reasons. First, the speech and the noise frequency contents are overlapping. Second, the noise properties are subject to change. The adaptive realisation of the Wiener-based approach can be, however, applied. Two structures are possible. One is the line enhancer, where the predictive realisation of the Wiener approach is used. The benefit of using this structure it that it does not require additional apparatus. The second structure takes advantage of the high level of noise. Under such condition, placing another microphone, even close to the primary one, can provide a reference signal well correlated with the noise disturbing the speech and lacking the information about the speech. Then, the classical Wiener filter can be used, to produce an estimate of the noise based on the reference signal. That noise estimate can be then subtracted from the disturbed speech. Both algorithms are verified, based on the data obtained from the real industrial environment. For laboratory experiments the G.R. A.S. artificial head and two microphones, one at back side of an earplug and another at the mouth are used.
Variance Estimation Using Linear Combination of Tri-mean and Quartile Average

In this paper, we have proposed a class of modified ratio type variance estimator for estimation of population variance of the study variable, when Tri Mean and Quartile average of the auxiliary variable are known. The bias and mean square error (MSE) of the proposed estimator are obtained. From the numerical study it is observed that the proposed estimator performs better than the existing estimators in the literature.
SOCIAL ROLES ATTRIBUTED TO THE SCHOOL COMMUNITY BY A PUBLIC SCHOOL CORDINATOR

The objective of this research is to analyze the social roles of the members of a school community to understand the functions played by each of them within this community. These roles were identified in the discourse of the school pedagogical coordinator. The theoretical framework of this research is Collaborative; Cultural-historical activity theory; Critical Discourse Analysis and Systemic Functional Linguistics. The corpus is composed by two semi-structured interviews. The first analysis revealed the emergence of 19 participants in the school coordinator’s discourse. The most mentioned participants by the school coordinator were: 1) school, 2) teachers, 3) students.
Production of bio gas oil from bioparaffins over Pt/SAPO-11

In this paper a new field of the application of Pt/SAPO-11 catalyst is introduced. The isomerization of C12-C20 paraffin mixtures produced from rapeseed oil was investigated over different platinum containing (0.2; 0.3; 0.4; 0.5; 0.7; 1.0 %) SAPO-11 catalysts at 300-400°C, 30-80 bar; 0.5-4.0 h -1 LHSV and 200-800 Nm 3 /m 3 H2/HC ratio. It was concluded that economically the most favourable results (high isomer content at high yield) could be obtained using SAPO-11 catalyst with 0.4 % platinum content. At the favourable operational parameters (determined in compromise by the product yield, the ratio of monoand multibarched paraffins, the place of branchings) (T= 360 °C; p=5060 bar; LHSV 1.0-1.5 h -1 , H2/HC = 350 Nm 3 /m 3 ) high isoparaffin containing mixtures were produced with high liquid yield (>90%) and high i-C12 i-C20 selectivity. The cetane numbers of these products were 75-85 units (EU Standard value is ≥51), and the cold filter plugging points were between -2 and -11 °C.