Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inversion du tenseur des contraintes et des mecanismes au foyer a partir des donnees de polarite pour une population de seismes : application a l'etude du foyer de sismicite intermediaire de bucaramanga (colombie)

On presente une nouvelle methode qui permet de trouver l'orientation et la forme du tenseur des contraintes ainsi que les mecanismes au foyer pour une population de seismes. Cette methode utilise comme donnees les polarites des premieres arrivees. Elle realise une synthese entre les methodes de brillinger et al. (1980) pour determiner des mecanismes au foyer et celle d'armijo et cisternas (1982) pour calculer le tenseur de contraintes en microtectonique. Le probleme complet est traite comme un probleme inverse. La methode distingue le plan de faille du plan auxiliaire et donne la direction de glissement pour chaque evenement. Plusieurs exemples sont presentes: exemples synthetiques, les repliques du seisme d'araudy (1980), les repliques du seisme de perugia (1984), le nid de bucaramanga. Dans la deuxieme partie sont traitees des donnees provenant d'une campagne de terrain autour du nid de bucaramanga (colombie). Le tenseur des contraintes trouve est integre dans un modele tectonique regional
Trophic relationships among Antarctic fulmarine petrels : insights into dietary overlap and chick provisioning strategies inferred from stable-isotope (δ15N and δ13C) analyses

We used stable-isotope analysis (SIA) to evaluate trophic relationships in an Antarctic seabird community. We determined natural abundances of stable-nitrogen (δ 15 N) and stable-carbon (δ 13 C) isotopes from blood samples (n = 283) from adults and chicks of 4 Antarctic fulmarine petrel species (Fulmarus glacialoides, Thalassoica antarctica, Daption capense and Pagodroma nivea) during 2 consecutive breeding seasons, 1994/1995 and 1995/1996, and from representative prey items. Our objectives were to use the isotope approach to infer trophic status and diet composition within and between species, addressing interspecific and temporal variability within this seabird community, and to investigate potential age-related differences in assumed trophic position within species. Prey δ 13 C values ranged from -26.8‰ in amphipods to -23.9%o in adult Antarctic silverfish. Seabird δ 13 C values ranged from-25.3‰ in Antarctic petrel chicks to -23.8‰ in cape petrel adults. Prey δ 15 N values ranged from 4.0‰ in euphausiids to 10.7 ‰ in adult Antarctic silverfish. Seabird δ 15 N values ranged from 8.4 ‰ in Antarctic petrel adults to 12.0‰ in snow petrel chicks. There was considerable interspecific overlap in assumed trophic positions amongst the 4 petrel species, and we conclude all species consumed fish and krill. Despite this apparent overlap, the range in δ 15 N values for petrels corresponded to the equivalent of 1 full trophic level, and estimated trophic level varied with both species and age. A simple trophic level model, constructed based on the δ 15 N data, predicted trophic levels ranging from 2.3 in krill to 4.7 in snow petrel chicks. Snow petrels and Antarctic fulmars tended to have higher δ 15 N values than Antarctic and cape petrels, suggesting a higher proportion of fish in their diets. Petrel chicks consistently had higher δ 15 N values than adults, which suggests trophic segregation between adults and chicks. We discuss advantages of selectively provisioning chicks with higher trophic level prey. Extensive overlap and a relatively narrow range of δ 15 N values are consistent with a food web comprised of few trophic steps.
MAPPING QTL WITH COVARIATES

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis is an effective tool for locating regions of the genome associated with a trait. Quantitative trait data are complex, and when statistically testing for the location of a QTL, the distribution of the test statistic is typically unknown. Historically, asymptotic thresholds have been difficult to derive for QTL analysis. Permutation testing has successfully provided significance thresholds for QTL analysis, but the need for exchangeability among the observations limits these empirically derived thresholds to simple linear models and does not permit the inclusion of important covariates in the model. We address the limitation of permutation theory for supplying empirically derived QTL significance threshold using a novel bootstrap threshold that is appropriate for multiple regression based interval mapping models. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed bootstrap thresholds improve detection and estimation of additive effects in QTL studies.
Foliar spray of phyto-extracts supplemented with silicon: an efficacious strategy to alleviate the salinity-induced deleterious effects in pea (Pisum sativum L.)

A pot culture study was conducted to assess the ameliorative effect of silicon, Melia azadirachta leaf extract, and sugar beet root extract, each applied individually or in different combinations, on salinity-induced detrimental effects in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Salinity markedly inhibited the growth, various gas exchange attributes, total phenol contents, membrane stability index, and productivity. On the other hand, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, H2O2 content, antioxidant activities, and leaf free proline and glycinebetaine contents were significantly enhanced by salinity. However, exogenously applied Si and phyto-extracts markedly alleviated the salinity-induced drastic effects on growth, gas exchange attributes, and productivity. Both phyto-extracts supplemented with silicon gave highly salinity mitigating effects by markedly improving growth, gas exchange attributes, enzymatic activities, osmolytes, and yield. The phyto-extracts and Si suppressed lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and H2O2 content by strengthening the enzymatic and nonenzymatic (proline and glycinebetaine) antioxidant defense system. The phyto-extracts and Si application also checked the root/leaf sodium and chloride contents, but improved the silicon contents. Thus, it can be concluded that exogenous application of silicon in combination with phyto-extracts of M. Azadirachta and sugar beet is a highly effective ameliorative approach to alleviate salinity-induced hazardous effects in plants, especially in pea, grown under a saline regime.
CLASSIFICATION OF PERIPHERAL DISTAL BY-PASS GEOMETRIES OBTAINED VIA RECONSTRUCTION FROM MRI.

This paper discusses the application of a set of computer graphics tools to the reconstruction of three-dimensional models from medical images. Specically , this work is focused on in-vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the distal anastomosis of peripheral by-pass grafts. The aim of this study is the morphological classication of dieren t anastomoses and the identication of correlations between shape, or more precisely a set of parameters representing shape, and blood o w patterns. Flows patterns are calculated using com- putational uid dynamics (CFD) techniques on suitable computer representations of the reconstructed geometries. The reconstruction of a three-dimensional model of an anastomosis starts from a stack of planar sections of the lumen of the blood vessels produced by segmenting the MR images. An implicit function is tted through the sections and it is chosen so that its zero-level contour is the interpolating surface of minimum curvature. A skeletonization algorithm extracts an approximation to the medial line of the three- dimensional models. This medial line is used to determine the angles that blood vessels form at the anastomosis. The deviation of the medial line of the grafted vessel from the plane of the anastomosis yields a measure of planarity. These parameters allow a preliminary classication of shape. Scanning the same patient at dieren t times post- operatively also allows to monitor changes in the shape of an anastomosis. Furthermore, scanning the same patient more than once, in dieren t MRI scanners and at dieren t resolutions constitutes an experimental validation of the reconstruction technique.
Bioremediality: Biomedia, imaging and shifting notions of liveliness across art and science

Biomedia and imaging practices have an important role to play in the representation, construction and generation of life and liveliness. Living Viral Tattoos is a research-creation project that reflects on tissue culture engineering practices of imaging cellular life in the laboratory. Various media art works created as part of the research conducted while culturing cells in the laboratory are referred to as "bioremediale images". The concept of bioremediality is proposed to reconsider biomedia and images as biosubjects in an era of global risk culture. The multi-dimensionality and liveliness of bioremediale images is situated as a (bio)remediation of images, materials, human and non-human entities across artistic and scientific processes. This dissertation proposes that an expanded range of literacy across the fields of media arts and life sciences is necessary to perceive and "read" images of life and liveliness.
Little evidence for local adaptation to soils or microclimate in the post-fire recruitment of three Californian shrubs

Background: Seedling recruitment following fire is an infrequent yet critical demographic transition for woody plants in Mediterranean ecosystems. Aims: Here we examine whether post-fire seedling recruitment of three widespread Californian chaparral shrubs is affected by local adaptation within an edaphically and topographically complex landscape. Methods: We reciprocally transplanted 6-month-old seedlings of Adenostema fasciculatum, Ceanothus cuneatus and Eriodictyon californicum to serpentine and sandstone soils, and cool northerly and warm southerly slopes. Results: At the age of 2 years, none of the species manifested higher survival or growth on ‘home’ compared with ‘away’ soils or slopes, indicating an absence of local adaptation with respect to seedling recruitment in these environments. Seedlings of all species manifested lower survival and relative growth on serpentine soils regardless of seedling source, as well as a variety of other destination and source effects. Conclusions: The ability of these three species to recruit in new environments, such as in restoration settings or in response to shifting climates, is unlikely to be impeded by a need for seeds from sources that closely match their edaphic or topographic destination.
Integration of cattle production and marketing strategies with improved pastures and native range.

Forty-eight stocker cattle enterprises on tobosagrass, bluestem, and lovegrass pastures being bought and sold at different points in the seasonal cattle price cycle were evahrated to determine the set of enterprises which maximize ranch profits. All optimal plans for the 397-ha (980 ac) ranch included enterprises which showed ranch profit gains from forfeiture of some physical weight gains for the price advantages of off-season buying/selling.
Analysis of satellite gravity and bathymetry data over Ninety-East Ridge: Variation in the compensation mechanism and implication for emplacement process

[1] We investigate the mode of compensation, emplacement history and deep density structure of the Ninety-East Ridge (Indian Ocean) using spectral analyses and forward modeling of satellite gravity and bathymetry data. We find that the northern (0–10°N) and the southern (20–30°S) parts of the ridge are flexurally compensated with an effective elastic thickness >15 km, whereas the central part (0–20°S) is locally compensated. Furthermore, we find that for a part of central block (10–20°S, over Osborn Knoll) the compensation depth is unreasonably very high (30–40 km). Therefore we favor a model with subsurface loading and interpret this to be due to underplating of mafic material at the base of the crust, a hypothesis that is supported by seismic results and direct modeling of gravity data along some profiles. These results suggest that the northern and southern parts of Ninety-East Ridge were emplaced off to a ridge axis compared to the central one, which might have been emplaced on or near a spreading center. Locally compensated large topography, thick underplated crust in the central part (near Osborn Knoll), might result from an interaction of a hot spot with the extinct Wharton spreading ridge.
Emotional Intelligence and Basic Psychological Needs: Highlights from a Teachers’ Survey in Iran

Purpose: Psychological needs, as the foundation for a wide range of human behaviors, provide requirements for psychological growth, psychological integrity and well-being. Emotional intelligence is also a general structure that can be the related to success in various aspects of life. The present study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence with the dimensions of basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relatedness). Participants: The population of this research consisted of all teachers of Urmia city (n= 6441). To achieve our aim, 365 teachers of Urmia city were selected using stratified random sampling methods. Results: In general, a significant relationship was obtained between the components of emotional intelligence and the components of basic psychological needs. Canonical analysis presented a significant set of relationships between emotional intelligence and basic psychological needs: problem-solving, happiness, independence, stress tolerance, self-actualization, emotional self-awareness, realism, interpersonal relationship, optimism, self-esteem, assertiveness, flexibility and social responsibility showed positive relationships with sense of autonomy, competence and relatedness (p <0.05); however, the relationship between empathy and these needs was negative. Conclusion : The results showed that components of emotional intelligence are able to predict basic psychological needs.
Amino Acid Content, Fatty Acid Profile and Radical Scavenging Capacities of Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt. Fruits

In Sudan, the unripe (green) fruits of Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt. (Cucurbitaceae) are eaten raw as salads or cooked by either boiling or frying in oil. In this study the amino acid content, fatty acid profile and radical scavenging capacities of the raw and boiled fruits were determined. The total amino acids ranged from 7736 mg/100 g in raw fruits to 7766 mg/100 g in boiled fruits and with the exception of leucine, boiling did not cause significant difference in the essential amino acids content (32.5%) of the fruits. Boiling caused significant (p<0.05) change in the amount of the total saturated (from 38.04% in raw fruits to 14.156% in boiled ones) and unsaturated fatty acids (from 57.59% in raw fruits to 85.774% in boiled ones). Moreover, boiling caused significant (p<0.05) losses of vitamin C by 73% and polyphenols by 70.6 % contents. The high antioxidant activity of the raw fruits (IC 50 22 mg/L), determined by DPPH and ABTS assays, was declined dramatically upon boiling. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that fruits of C. grandis could have health beneficial effect and their consumption in the raw state is preferable.
I got pregnant, I was so like ... crying inside ...: experiences of women of Pakistani ancestry seeking contraception in the UK

South Asian women in Britain are less likely to use contraception than women in other ethnic groups. Previous studies have identified a lack of knowledge combined with low levels of English language and/or literacy as barriers to using contraception, but have not examined in detail women's experiences of accessing services. This qualitative study focused on the experiences of 19 Muslim women of Pakistani ancestry and the views of six health and community workers. The findings detail considerable institutional barriers to accessing contraceptive services, such as a lack of information and the paternalistic attitudes of some health professionals. The study suggests that, although all the women were motivated to access and use contraception, their ability to make informed choices was often limited. It was only when the women encountered advocates, who might be professionals or from their social networks, that they could begin to take control of their fertility. This study is consistent with earlier research and shows that lack of access to contraceptive services can have high personal and social costs for South Asian women.
Non-traditional stochastic models for ocean waves Lagrange models and nested SPDE models

We present two ﬂexible stochastic models for 2D and 3D ocean waves with potential to reproduce severe and non-homogeneous sea conditions. The ﬁrst family consists of generalized Lagrange models for the movements of individual water particles. These models can generate crest-trough and front-back statisti­ cally asymmetric waves, with the same degree of asymmetry as measured ocean waves. They are still in the Gaussian family and it is possible to calculate diﬀerent slope distributions exactly from a wave energy spectrum. The second model is a random ﬁeld model that is generated by a nested stochastic partial diﬀerential equation. This model can be adapted to spatially non-homogeneous sea conditions and it can approximate standard wave spectra. One advantage with this model is that Hilbert space approximations can be used to obtain computationally eﬃ­ cient representations with Markov-type properties that facilitate the use of sparse matrix techniques in simulation and estimation.
A Novel Visual Attention Framework using Unsupervised Feature Learning for Road Scene Understanding

Road scene understanding plays a key role in autonomous driving for intelligent vehicle. For the problem making semantic labeling with equivalent priority results in confliction between huge amounts of data and limited computation resource, this paper proposes a novel framework that efficiently fuses selective visual attention mechanism into the solution to scene perception task. Incorporating top-down and bottom-up two kinds of attention effect into an integrated Bayesian framework, total saliency map can be obtained taking use of implicit feature representation by unsupervised feature learning from natural images.
Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking-Based Routing for Rural Internet Connectivity (DRINC)

Rural networking connectivity is a very dynamic and attractive research field. Nowadays big IT companies and many governments are working to help connect all these rural, disconnected people to Internet. This paper introduces a new routing algorithm that can bring non-real-time Internet connectivity to rural users. This solution is based on previously tested ideas, especially on Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking technologies, since they can be used to transmit messages to and from difficult to access sites. It introduces the rural connectivity problem and its context. Then, it shows the proposed solution with its mathematical model used to describe the problem, its proposed heuristic, and its results. The advantage of our solution is that it is a low-cost technology that uses locally available infrastructure to reach even the most remote towns. The mathematical model describes the problem of transmitting messages from a rural, usually disconnected user, to an Internet connected node, through a non-reliable network using estimated delivery probabilities varying through time. The forwarding algorithm uses local knowledge gathered from interactions with other nodes, and it learns which nodes are more likely to connect in the future, and which nodes are more likely to deliver the messages to the destination. Our algorithm achieves an equal or better performance in delivery rate and delay than other well-known routing protocols for the rural scenarios tested. This paper adds more simulation results for the proposed rural scenarios, and it also extends the explanation of the mathematical model and the heuristic algorithm from the conference paper "Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networks Based Message Forwarding Algorithm for Rural Internet Connectivity Applications" [1] (doi: 10.1109/ICCCC. 2016.7496732).
Modeling spatial non-stationarity of Chambo in South-East Arm of Lake Malawi

Complex patterns and processes in aquatic resources are mostly analyzed under the assumption that ecological relationships do not vary within management areas. This assumption was questioned by studying the spatial distribution of the target fish population, Oreochromis karongae (Chambo) from South East Arm (SEA) of Lake Malawi where it is in abundance. Survey data from 2007 is used in the modeling of the spatial distribution. Three models, global logistic regression (GLR), generalized additive logistic model (GAM) and geographically weighted logistic regression (GWR) were run to explore the best model that can understand spatial non-stationarity better and how it affects fish distribution. GWR (AIC = 18.62) model explained significantly more variability than the global models GLR (AIC = 40.84) and GAM (AIC = 40.22). Adjusted R2 explained 62.8% in GWR against 41.4% for GAM model. GWR is a better model than GAMs in understanding the spatial distribution of fish species.
Biodiversity Sensitive Urban Design

Cities are increasingly considered important places for biodiversity conservation because they can harbor threatened species and because conservation in cities represents an opportunity to reconnect people with nature and the range of health and well‐being benefits it provides. However, urbanization can be catastrophic for native species, and is a well‐known threat to biodiversity worldwide. Urbanization impacts can be mitigated by urban design and development improvements, but take‐up of these practices has been slow. There is an urgent need to incorporate existing ecological knowledge into a framework that can be used by planners and developers to ensure that biodiversity conservation is considered in decision‐making processes. Here, we distill the urban biodiversity literature into five principles for biodiversity sensitive urban design (BSUD), ranging from creating habitat and promoting dispersal to facilitating community stewardship. We then present a framework for implementing BSUD aimed at delivering onsite benefits to biodiversity, and that is applicable across a range of urban development types and densities. We illustrate the application of the BSUD framework in two case studies focusing on the: (1) protection of an endangered vegetation remnant in a new low‐density subdivision; and (2) persistence of an endangered reptile in an established suburban environment.
Easy Preparation of Nanosilver-Decorated Graphene Using Silver Carbamate by Microwave Irradiation and Their Properties

E-mail: msgong@dankook.ac. krReceived March 12, 2014, Accepted April 3, 2014We have successfully decorated reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) bymicrowaving silver alkylcarbamate for 13 seconds using 1-amino-4-methylpiperazine. Uniform AgNPs (20–40 nm) were effectively prepared, and 1-amino-4-methylpiperazine acted as a reaction medium, reducingagent, and stabilizer. Particle size and morphology were correlated with the silver alkylcarbamate concentrationand microwave time. The graphene/AgNPs composites were characterized by Raman, X-ray diffraction, andscanning electron microscopy to confirm that the AgNPs were uniformly decorated onto the graphene.Measurements of the transparent conductive property at room temperature indicated that these graphene/AgNPs nanosheets with 55.45% transmittance were electrically continuous with a sheet resistance ofapproximately 43 kΩ/