Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for a Novel Endometrioid Carcinogenic Sequence in the Fallopian Tube With Unique Beta-Catenin Expression

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Epithelial proliferations in the fallopian tube have been characterized by some as stem cell outgrowths (SCOUTs) and divided into type I and type II. Type II SCOUTs exhibit diffuse cellular beta-catenin nuclear staining (β-catenin+), implying a CTNNB1 mutation. SCOUTs are more common in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women and are associated with ovarian cancer but have not been linked directly to malignancy. We analyzed type II SCOUTs in various gynecologic conditions, and searched for endometrioid atypical hyperplasias (tubal endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia) or adenocarcinomas in the tube. β-catenin+ SCOUT frequency in cases of neoplasia was 66.7% per case and 30.7% per nonfimbrial cross-section for uterine endometrioid carcinomas versus 25% and 13.3% for controls, respectively (P=0.02 and 0.09). Multiple (3 or more) β-catenin+ SCOUTs in a single section were uncommon; 6 of 9 were associated with a carcinoma or proliferative lesion in the endometrium. Tubal endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia/atypical hyperplasia displayed complex growth, including focal cribriform growth patterns and squamous morules. Two cases of type II SCOUTs associated with tubal endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia/atypical hyperplasia and/or adenocarcinomas in the fallopian tube were identified, both of which coexisted with a separate endometrioid adenocarcinoma, one with bilateral ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinomas. Both benign and neoplastic tubal lesions were β-catenin+. This report is the first to link components of a unique β-catenin+ endometrioid carcinogenic sequence in the fallopian tube. It further emphasizes the multifocal nature of endometrioid neoplasia in the female genital tract and poses questions regarding the frequency and biologic underpinnings of β-catenin+ proliferations in the oviduct.
Encoding anatomical tree priors for tubular structure extraction for medical images analysis

Vasculatures and airways in the human body contain anatomical trees, which are tree structures with anatomical properties and geometrical attributes. Since anatomical trees are highly involved in clinical procedures such as disease diagnosis and treatment planning, accurate and automatic annotation and analysis of these structures is extremely important. In this thesis, after an extensive study of existing literature on 3D tubular tree analysis, we introduce novel techniques encoding anatomical tree priors into vasculature and airway extraction. We present novel features, e.g., features based on multi-modal von Mises-Fisher distribution, for 3D vasculature bifurcation classification using Random Forest classifier. Then we introduce the first work fitting a parametric 3D geometric model to 3D medical image data of pulmonary vasculature for bifurcation localization. To solve the corresponding optimization problem, we present the modified genetic algorithm with tribes niching technique. For encoding the geometrical variability of anatomical trees and their natural sequential rootto-leaf representation, we propose two deep learning models, the TreeNet and LSTM-Tree for predicting branch direction and bifurcation classification during centerline tree tracking. To overcome the myopic visual search involved in most tree tracking processes, we introduce two novel ways to leverage global prior information, by using tree-level statistics within a Bayesian framework and reframing the tree shape into a pictorial structure. Then we encode anatomical tree priors in the clinical task of age-related macular degeneration classification and retinopathy grading by masking a sequential attention within deep network layers.
An integrative approach elucidates the systematics of Sea Hayward and Cybdelis Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Biblidinae)

The systematics of the enigmatic and rather uncommon species of Sea Hayward and Cybdelis Boisduval is assessed through morphological and molecular analyses. The aim of this paper is three‐fold: (i) to ascertain the phylogenetic position of Sea and Cybdelis in Biblidinae; (ii) to determine the evolutionary relationships among species of Sea and Cybdelis; and (iii) to review the taxonomy of Sea and Cybdelis. The result of the molecular analysis recovers Sea sister to Cybdelis, and this clade sister to Eubagina (sensu Lamas, ), rendering Epicaliina (sensu Lamas, ) paraphyletic. A new tribe, Cybdelini trib.n. is erected to include Sea and Cybdelis; the other genera formerly included in Epicaliina (sensu Lamas, ), Eunica Hübner and Sevenia Koçak are assigned to Eunicini trib.rest. , and the remaining genera of Biblidinae to other previously recognized tribes, similar to those implicitly proposed by Wahlberg et al. ( ). The morphological analysis recovers similar results and the following relationships among species of Cybdelis: C. phaesyla (Hübner) (C. boliviana Salvin (C. mnasylus Doubleday (C. petronita Burmeister stat.rest. + C. thrasylla C. Felder & R. Felder stat.rest.))). Sea and Cybdelis are recognized as distinct genera; a new subspecies, S. sophronia jenkinsi Dias, Siewert & Freitas ssp.n. , distributed from Venezuela to Bolivia along the Andes eastern foothills, is described; and C. petronita and C. thrasylla are accepted as valid species. Lectotypes for C. boliviana, C. peruviana Staudinger, C. mnasylus, C. thrasylla, C. petronita and C. mnasylus var. meridionalis Hall and a neotype for Vanessa sophronia Godart are designated. Additionally, dichotomous keys and distribution maps to all taxa are provided; male genitalia and hypandria are illustrated for all species; generic characters of the head, labial palpi and legs are illustrated; immature stages of some species also are figured.
Epithelial retinoic acid receptor β regulates serum amyloid A expression and vitamin A-dependent intestinal immunity

Significance Vitamin A is a nutrient that is essential for the development of intestinal immunity. It is absorbed by gut epithelial cells, which convert it to retinol and retinoic acid. Here we show that the transcription factor retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) allows epithelial cells to sense vitamin A in the diet and regulate vitamin A-dependent immunity in the intestine. We find that epithelial RARβ regulates several intestinal immune responses, including production of the immunomodulatory protein serum amyloid A, T-cell homing to the intestine, and B-cell production of immunoglobulin A. Our findings provide insight into how epithelial cells sense vitamin A to regulate intestinal immunity, and highlight why vitamin A is so important for immunity to infection. Vitamin A is a dietary component that is essential for the development of intestinal immunity. Vitamin A is absorbed and converted to its bioactive derivatives retinol and retinoic acid by the intestinal epithelium, yet little is known about how epithelial cells regulate vitamin A-dependent intestinal immunity. Here we show that epithelial cell expression of the transcription factor retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) is essential for vitamin A-dependent intestinal immunity. Epithelial RARβ activated vitamin A-dependent expression of serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins by binding directly to Saa promoters. In accordance with the known role of SAAs in regulating Th17 cell effector function, epithelial RARβ promoted IL-17 production by intestinal Th17 cells. More broadly, epithelial RARβ was required for the development of key vitamin A-dependent adaptive immune responses, including CD4+ T-cell homing to the intestine and the development of IgA-producing intestinal B cells. Our findings provide insight into how the intestinal epithelium senses dietary vitamin A status to regulate adaptive immunity, and highlight the role of epithelial cells in regulating intestinal immunity in response to diet.
Work Ability Assessment and Its Relationship with Cardiovascular Autonomic Profile in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) negatively impacts quality of life. The excessive increase in cardiac sympathetic modulation during standing, which characterizes POTS patients, leads to many symptoms and signs of orthostatic intolerance. Little is known about the consequences of the disease on work performance and its relationship with individual autonomic profiles. Twenty-two POTS patients regularly engaged in working activity (20 females, age 36 ± 12 years) and 18 gender- and age-matched controls underwent a clinical evaluation and filled out the Work Ability Index (WAI) questionnaire. POTS patients completed the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score (COMPASS31) questionnaire, underwent continuous electrocardiogram, blood pressure and respiratory activity recordings while supine and during a 75° head-up tilt (HUT). A power spectrum analysis provided the index of cardiac sympatho-vagal balance (LF/HF). WAI scores were significantly reduced in POTS patients (29.84 ± 1.40) compared to controls (45.63 ± 0.53, p < 0.01). A significant inverse correlation was found between individual WAI and COMPASS31 scores (r = −0.46; p = 0.03), HUT increase in heart rate (r = −0.57; p = 0.01) and LF/HF (r = −0.55; p = 0.01). In POTS patients, the WAI scores were inversely correlated to the intensity of autonomic symptoms and to the excessive cardiac sympathetic activation induced by the gravitational stimulus.
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support: Referral and Attendance at a Patient-Centered Medical Home

Background Although evidence shows that diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) is an effective tool to help individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) improve their health outcomes, there remains a large number of individuals not attending DSMES. Understanding how frequently patients receive referrals to DSMES and the number of DSMES hours they receive is important to determine, as well as patients’ health outcomes of utilizing DSMES. This will help us understand patterns of utilization and the outcomes that occur when such a valuable resource is utilized. Methods Secondary data analysis was conducted of patient electronic medical records at a primary healthcare federally qualified clinic and 2 area hospitals. We identified 105 adult patients with a new T2DM diagnosis with at least 2 A1c lab results 3 to 12 months apart during the study period. Results Only 53.5% were referred to DSMES. Out of those who were referred, 66% received no DSMES, 17% received 1-hour assessment, 4% received partial DSMES, and 13% received 8 or more hours. Linear regression of percent change in A1c and number of DSMES hours received, revealed that receiving 1 (P = .001) or 8 or more hours of DSMES (P = .022) had a significant negative relationship with the percent difference in A1c compared to the group who received no DSMES. Patients who had an hour of assessment had a similar percent reduction in A1c to those who had partial DSMES. Conclusion Referral rates and enrollment in DSMES remain low. Those who enrolled often dropped out after the one-hour assessment session. Results suggest making the one-hour assessment session more educationally comprehensive or longer to retain patients. Improving the DSMES referral process and further investing physicians’ decisions on whether to refer or not refer patients to DSMES are key for future studies.
Kynurenine Promotes RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis In Vitro by Activating the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway

There is increasing evidence of the involvement of the tryptophan metabolite kynurenine (KYN) in disrupting osteogenesis and contributing to aging-related bone loss. Here, we show that KYN has an effect on bone resorption by increasing osteoclastogenesis. We have previously reported that in vivo treatment with KYN significantly increased osteoclast number lining bone surfaces. Here, we report the direct effect of KYN on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in Raw 264.7 macrophage cells, and we propose a potential mechanism for these KYN-mediated effects. We show that KYN/RANKL treatment results in enhancement of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. KYN drives upregulation and activation of the key osteoclast transcription factors, c-fos and NFATc1 resulting in an increase in the number of multinucleated TRAP+ osteoclasts, and in hydroxyapatite bone resorptive activity. Mechanistically, the KYN receptor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), plays an important role in the induction of osteoclastogenesis. We show that blocking AhR signaling using an AhR antagonist, or AhR siRNA, downregulates the KYN/RANKL-mediated increase in c-fos and NFATc1 and inhibits the formation of multinucleated TRAP + osteoclasts. Altogether, this work highlights that the novelty of the KYN and AhR pathways might have a potential role in helping to regulate osteoclast function with age and supports pursuing additional research to determine if they are potential therapeutic targets for the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis.
Bayesian hypothesis testing and experimental design for two-photon imaging data

Variability, stochastic or otherwise, is a central feature of neural circuits. Yet the means by which variation and uncertainty are derived from noisy observations of neural activity is often unprincipled, with too much weight placed on numerical convenience at the cost of statistical rigour. For two-photon imaging data, composed of fundamentally probabilistic streams of photon detections, the problem is particularly acute. Here, we present a complete statistical pipeline for the inference and analysis of neural activity using Gaussian Process Regression, applied to two-photon recordings of light-driven activity in ex vivo mouse retina. We demonstrate the flexibility and extensibility of these models, considering cases with non-stationary statistics, driven by complex parametric stimuli, in signal discrimination, hierarchical clustering and inference tasks. Sparse approximation methods allow these models to be fitted rapidly, permitting them to actively guiding the design of light stimulation in the midst of ongoing two-photon experiments.
Career Satisfaction Based on Trust and Proactive Personality

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the trust of co-workers and proactive personalities on career satisfaction by exchanging leader-members as mediation on employees of bus assembly companies in the city of Semarang. Career satisfaction is the phase in which employees’ long-term career needs are aligned with what they get while working. Employees will always look for opportunities and trust in the organization and people who will help them in achieving career satisfaction. The sampling method uses a purposive sampling technique in the category of staff and foreman employees who have worked for more than five years with a sample of 160 employees. The analytical data in this study uses descriptive statistical test methods, instinctual tests include validity and reliability, and hypothesis testing. The tool used to test in this study uses SmartPLS 3.0. The results of this study, colleague trust cannot directly influence career satisfaction. However, it can be mediated by the exchange of leader members and produce significant influence. For further researchers, they can re-examine the relationship of coworkers’ trust with career satisfaction. And can expand the object of research or respondents under study. Article Information Article History: Received January 2020 Approved February 2020 Published March 2020
Impact of economic internationalization Policies in Colombia, Peru and Chile

espanolEn las ultimas cuatro decadas, los paises latinoamericanos han implementado diferentes politicas comerciales y modelos de integracion economica. Hasta la decada de 1990, tuvo un enfoque estructuralista Cepalino, pasando luego a una apertura comercial e integracion autonoma. El proposito de este documento es analizar como las politicas comerciales y la integracion en Colombia, Chile y Peru impactaron su comercio internacional en el periodo 1980 -2017. Se utilizo una metodologia descriptiva mixta. El enfoque cualitativo se baso en analisis documental de los diferentes Planes de Gobierno, donde se identificaron tres categorias: desarrollo de exportaciones, acuerdos de integracion y desarrollo institucional. El enfoque cuantitativo fue descriptivo, analizando los impactos de la politica comercial en cada pais en variables como el PIB, las exportaciones, la balanza comercial y la estructura exportadora. Se concluye que las politicas comerciales y los modelos de integracion adoptaron enfoques muy similares en estos paises. Sin embargo, se encontro que Chile y Peru diversificaron sus exportaciones mas que Colombia mejorando asi su comercio internacional EnglishIn the past four decades, Latin American countries have implemented different trade policies and economic integration models since the 1990s with a structuralist ECLAC approach and then moved on to commercial opening and autonomous integration. The purpose of this document is to analyze how trade policies and integration in Colombia, Chile and, Peru impacted their foreign trade in the period from 1980 through 2017. By using a mixed descriptive methodology, our qualitative approach was based on the documentary analysis of the different Government Plans, identifying three categories: export development, integration agreements, and institutional development. The quantitative approach was descriptive and analyzed the impacts of trade policy on variables such as GDP, exports, trade balance, and export structure per country. It is concluded that trade policies and integration models adopted very similar approaches in these countries. Nevertheless, it was found that Chile and Peru diversified their exports more than Colombia did, thereby improving their international trade
Effect of simulated microgravity on gene expression during embryogenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana

Gravitational force is one of environmental factors that influence growth and development of plants. Changes in this force, including microgravity, can be one of the stress factor which plants have to adapt to cope with. That kind of stress can lead to several abnormalities such as chromosomal breakage, morphological abnormalities or changes in gene expression. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of simulated microgravity on gene expression of Arabidopsis thaliana embryos by use Random Positioning Machine (RPM). RPM is laboratory facility that can generate conditions comparable to the true microgravity. This paper studies effect of simulated microgravity on expression of genes which are involved in plant embryogenesis (LEAFY COTYLEDON, LATE EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT), antioxidative system (CATALASE), mechanical stimuli (TOUCH) and gravitropism (SCARECROW, SHOOT GRAVITROPISM2). Changes in gene expression were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Several of tested genes had increased transcript levels after the influence of simulated microgravity. Specifically, catalase (CAT3), LECs (LEC1), touch (TCH2/CML24), and gravitropism (SGR2) genes achieved significantly increased relative expression (level ≥ 2). The changes in the levels of expression on embryos of Arabidopsis depend on the type of genes and principally on the timing of the influence of the simulated microgravity.
Dark Purple Luem Pua rice extract reduces disease severity in rat models of inflammatory bowel disease

Purpose: To investigate the effects of an aqueous extract of unpolished dark purple glutinous Thai rice, variety Luem pua (LP), in two rat models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: Polyphenolic compounds content were determined by HPLC methods and antioxidant activities by DPPH and FRAP assays of the LP extract. The effect of the LP extract at 5 g/kg/day were evaluated in two rat models of IBD that included acetic acid and indomethacin induced IBD. On each day of treatment, changes of body weight, stool consistency and stool blood were scored and expressed as disease activity index (DAI). At the end of the experiments, the animals were euthanized. Colon length and spleen weight were determined, and the degree of inflammation of the colon was scored. Results: Rats in both models of IBD (acetic acidand indomethacin-induced IBD), exhibited significant increases in DAI, macroscopic inflammation scores and spleen weights, while the lengths of colon were decreased. Pretreatment with LP extract attenuated the disease severity in both models as seen by the reverse of all observed altered parameters. Conclusion: These data suggest that LP extract might be beneficial in preventing and/or treating IBD.
Sexual segregation in a highly pagophilic and sexually dimorphic marine predator

Sexual segregation is common in many species and has been attributed to intra-specific competition, sex-specific differences in foraging efficiency or in activity budgets and habitat choice. However, very few studies have simultaneously quantified sex-specific foraging strategies, at sea distribution, habitat use, and trophic ecology. Moreover, these studies come from low latitude areas reflecting a lack of evidence for polar species. We investigated sexual segregation in snow petrels Pagodroma nivea and combined movement, foraging trip efficiency, stable isotope and oceanographic data to test whether sexual segregation results from sex-specific habitat use. Breeding birds foraging in the Dumont d’Urville sea, Antarctica, were tracked during incubation. Space-use sharing and utilization distribution were similar between males and females indicating no spatial segregation. Males and females foraged more in waters ≈400 m deep and less in waters deeper than ≈1000 m. There was no difference in δ13C values between males and females. Females foraged less than males in areas with higher sea ice concentration (SIC >70%) and had lower δ15N values in plasma, blood cells and feathers. Male and female foraging trip performances (trip duration, length, speed and directions, mass gain, proportion mass gain) were similar, but foraging efficiency (proportionate daily mass gain while foraging), was greater for females than for males, and was greater for larger females with deeper bills. Females were more efficient than males during short (<2 days) foraging trips. For females, but not for males, mass gain, proportion mass gain and body condition at return from a foraging trip were positively correlated to SIC of the foraging areas. Together, these results indicate that sexual segregation in snow petrels during incubation is mainly driven by habitat segregation between high (>70%) more profitable SIC and low SIC areas, probably driven by intra-specific competition.