Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fault detection and diagnosis based on Y-indices and Residual Errors

The paper presents two approaches for sensor fault detection and discrimination within a group, in real-time. In the first approach, the concept of y-indices is proposed through use of a transpose formulation of the data matrices traditionally used in Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The proposed formulation is introduced to measure the differences between sensor reading datasets in the `sensor domain'. This addresses problems associated with traditional PCA methods when measurement data is subject to bias and drifting, as is characteristic of transient power demand or load changes, for instance, which can lead to excessive false alarms. In the second approach, Residual Errors (REs) are generated from the residual sub-space in PCA, and used to detect abnormal operating conditions, and Faulty Sensor Identification Indices (FSIIs) are introduced to classify the type of fault (sensor or component) and identify which sensor is in error. The methods are applied in a time rolling window on experimental in-field data during the commissioning of an industrial 15MW turbine. It is shown that in-operation sensor faults can be detected through use of both y-indices, and REs and FSIIs, and sensor faults and component faults can be discriminated.
Genetic and Environmental Factors in Head and Neck Cancer Genesis

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) include squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Epidemiologic data suggest that the etiology and pathogenesis of HNSCC are influenced by environmental and lifestyle-related factors, such as tobacco use, ethanol consumption, papilloma virus infection, dietary factors and exposure to toxic substances. DNA repair systems and carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes can increase the risk for HNSCC but no definite causal mechanism has been demonstrated. There are several well-characterized entities that are associated with risk and prognosis of head and neck cancer, including Lynch-II syndrome, Bloom syndrome, Fanconi's anemia, xeroderma pigmentosum, ataxia telangiectasia, and Li-Fraumeni syndrome. This review aims to present the current status in our understanding of HNSCC and highlight controversies relating to the role of several factors in the genesis of the cancer.
Three novel cytogenetically cryptic EVI1 rearrangements associated with increased EVI1 expression and poor prognosis identified in 27 acute myeloid leukemia cases

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), increased ecotropic virus integration site 1 protein homolog (EVI1) gene expression is prognostically unfavorable. Subsets of cases show 3q26 rearrangements, such as inv(3)(q21q26)/t(3;3)(q21;q26), frequently accompanied by chromosome 7 abnormalities. We investigated whether cytogenetically cryptic EVI1 rearrangements may cause EVI1 overexpression in myeloid malignancies without 3q26 abnormalities and investigated 983 patients with AML (n = 606) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS; n = 377) with normal karyotype (CN‐AML/CN‐MDS, n = 594) or chromosome 7 abnormalities (n = 389) for EVI1 rearrangements using interphase FISH. We identified cytogenetically cryptic EVI1 rearrangements in 27 patients (19 AML, 8 MDS): inv(3)(p24q26) [n = 10]; t(3;21)(q26;q11) [n = 9]; and der(7)t(3;7)(q26;q21) [n = 8]. Elevated EVI1 expression was detected in nearly all cases with cryptic EVI1 rearrangements: Median %EVI1/ABL1 was 92.8 (range: 29.8–146.1) in inv(3)(p24q26), 104.9 (41.4–176.3) in t(3;21)(q26;q11), and 101.8 (4.4–210.4) in der(7)t(3;7)(q26;q21). This was similar to median %EVI1/ABL1 of 73.9 (range: 7.3–585.6) in an independent cohort of inv(3)(q21q26)/t(3;3)(q21;q26) and 67.1 (2.3–410.7) in other 3q26/EVI1 rearrangements. Healthy controls showed median EVI1 expression of 0.5 (range: 0.0–5.8). Using SNP microarray and sequencing analyses, the breakpoints of der(7)t(3;7)(q26;q21) were assigned to CDK6 and centromeric of EVI1, and of t(3;21)(q26;q11) to be within EVI1 and NRIP1. Median overall survival in patients with cryptic EVI1 rearrangements was short, comparable to patients with inv(3)(q21q26)/t(3;3)(q21;q26) or other EVI1 rearrangements. Cryptic EVI1 rearrangements contribute to explain the clinical heterogeneity of CN‐AML and are associated with elevated EVI1 expression and an unfavorable prognosis. Screening for cryptic EVI1 rearrangements by FISH may be particularly appropriate in CN‐AML with elevated EVI1 expression or in AML/MDS patients with chromosome 7 abnormalities. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Tug-of-War between Dendritic Cells and Human Chronic Viruses

The human immune system is under constant challenge from many viruses, some of which the body is successfully able to clear. Other viruses have evolved to escape the host immune responses and thus persist, leading to the development of chronic diseases. Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells that play a major role in both innate and adaptive immunity against different pathogens. This review focuses on the interaction of different chronic viruses with dendritic cells and the viruses’ ability to exploit this critical cell type to their advantage so as to establish persistence within the host.
Antidiarrhoeic effect and dereplication of the aqueous extract of Annona crassiflora (Annonaceae)

Abstract We investigated the antidiarrhoeic effect of the aqueous extract of Annona crassiflora leaves (AEAC). The AEAC decreased the diarrhoeic stools and enteropooling induced by castor oil, without altering total faecal output; moreover, the distance travelled by charcoal meal in the intestine was increased. Twenty-eight compounds were identified by LC-DAD-MS in the AEAC, including flavonoids, alkaloids and proanthocyanidins. In addition, two oligomeric series of condensed tannins of up to nine flavan-3-ol units were characterised by MALDI-MS. These data suggest that the antidiarrhoeic effect of the AEAC is related to its ability to inhibit intestinal secretion and/or to increase intestinal absorption. Moreover, the prokinetic effect of AEAC, together with its inhibitory effect on enteropooling induced by castor oil, explains why this extract decreased diarrhoeic faeces without altering the total faecal output. All these effects are in agreement with the pharmacological activity reported in the literature for many of the secondary metabolites identified.
A fault-tolerant 64K dynamic random-access memory

A 64K dynamic MOS RAM with features and performance fully compatible with current 16K RAM's has been designed and characterized. The memory cell is a one-transistor-one-capacitor structure, standard except for a polysilicon bit line. A dual-32K architecture, along with partial selection and stepped recovery, holds power and peak current values below those of 16K parts. Spare rows and columns, which can be substituted for defective elements by the laser opening of polysilicon links, enhance yield. Worst case column enable access time of the memory is 100 ns, row enable access time is 170 ns, and only 128 cycles within 4 ms are needed to refresh the device.
ITB formation in terms of ωE×B flow shear and magnetic shear s on JET

A linear empirical threshold condition ωE×B/γITG>0.68s-0.095 has been found for the onset of the ion internal transport barriers in the JET optimised shear database. Here, s is the magnetic shear, ωE×B the flow shearing rate and γITG is an approximate of the linear growth rate of the ion temperature gradient instability. The present empirical threshold condition for the ITB formation will provide a first clear indication of the strong correlation of s and ωE×B at the ITB transition. The empirical analysis consists of ITB discharges from a wide plasma parameter range; the toroidal magnetic field varies between 1.8-4.0 T, the auxiliary heating power between 10-30 MW and the diamagnetic energy between 3-12 MJ. The predictive simulations of several ITB discharges with the empirical ITB threshold condition reproduce the experiments with time averaged prediction errors of the order of 10-25% in Ti and Te profiles and 10-15% in ne profiles as well as the toroidal flow velocity with errors of the order of 10-20%. The simulated times of the onset of the ITB compared to the experimental ones are typically within 0.4 s and the simulated ITB widths within 0.1 in r/a throughout the whole simulations.
Response to exercise of patients with idiopathic hyper‐CK‐emia

Patients with an idiopathic increase in serum creatine kinase (CK) levels (hyper‐CK‐emia) have a benign prognosis, but symptoms may be disabling in daily life. Previous studies have suggested that physical exercise increases the severity of complaints in these patients. We studied whether maximal and submaximal bouts of exercise on a cycle ergometer are harmful for patients with idiopathic hyper‐CK‐emia. Such dynamic exercise did not lead to larger increases in serum CK activity or more complaints in 11 patients with idiopathic hyper‐CK‐emia, compared with 11 age‐matched healthy controls. Our data suggest that exercise does not result in more extensive muscle damage in patients with idiopathic hyper‐CK‐emia than in healthy subjects. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 26: 832–837, 2002
Implementation of Mobile Target Positioning Technology Integrating SINS with WSN Measurements

Accurate and robust positioning technology is expected to promote management level and service efficiency in various industrial applications. The strap-down inertial navigation system (SINS) approach has short-term accurate positioning performance, but the SINS is known for its accumulative error over time. Meanwhile, wireless sensor networks (WSN) approach can keep the mobile target on effective tracking after a long time monitoring, but the WSN may have large positioning error in certain areas. In order to make the positioning method allow profit from their advantages, this paper proposes a positioning technology using SINS approach in conjunction with WSN approach. The measurement parameters by SINS and WSN approaches are used. Then the SINS, anchor nodes, mobile tags, XBee, and computer are applied to design the positioning system. The estimation results indicate that the proposed method can make up for the shortcomings by pure SINS or WSN method and can be available for some accurate and robust applications.
DNA barcoding techniques used to identify the shared ichthyofauna between the Pantanal floodplain and Upper Parana River

Abstract The biological invasion process is widely debated topic, as the population depletion of some species and the extinction of others are related to this process. To accelerate the identification of species and to detect non-native forms, new tools are being developed, such as those based on genetic markers. This study aimed to use Barcode DNA methodology to identify fish species that had translocated between the Parana and Paraguay River Basins. Based on a database of two studies that were conducted in these regions, 289 sequences of Cytochrome Oxidase C subunit 1 (COI) were used for General Mixed Youle Coalecent (GMYC) analysis, including 29 morphospecies that were sampled in both river basins. As a result, we observed that while some morphospecies have low variation, demonstrating a recent occupation of the basins, other morphospecies probably represent species complexes. A third of the morphospecies had well-defined lineages but not enough to be treated as different Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs). These results demonstrate that human interventions possibly participated in the distribution of some lineages. However, biogeographical historical processes are also important for the morphospecies distribution. The data suggest that the number of species that are present in these two basins is underestimated and that human actions can irreversibly affect the natural history of the species in these regions.
String distances and intrusion detection: Bridging the gap between formal languages and computer security

In this paper we analyze some intrusion detection strategies proposed in the literature and we show that they represent the various facets of a well known formal languages problem: computing the distance between a string x and a language L . In particular, the main differences among the various approaches adopted for building intrusion detection systems can be reduced to the characteristics of the language L and to the notion of distance adopted. As a further contribution we will also show that from the computational point of view all these strategies are equivalent and they are amenable to efficient parallelization.
The Effect of Parylene-C Coating on the Surface Free Energy , Water Sorption , Solubility and Staining of PMMA

Background and objective: Parylenes are conformal protective polymer coating materials utilized in various biomedical applications since they are chemically and biologically inert and stable. Acrylic resins, used in the manufacturing of different types of intra-oral prostheses, are vulnerable to fluid sorption and solubility and consequently alteration of different physical and mechanical properties. This study investigated the effect of surface coating of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with Parylene-C, on surface free energy, water sorption, solubility, and staining. Methods: Specimens were fabricated using heat-polymerizing PMMA, half were randomly chosen to be coated with Parylene-C and various groups were created for testing as follows: 24 specimens were subjected to water sorption and solubility tests in distilled water according to ISO 20795-1:2008 for denture base polymers. 48 specimens underwent staining tests by soaking in distilled water or coffee solution for one week. Discoloration was measured by comparing total colour differences (ΔE) and lightness values (L*) across groups after obtaining CIE L*a*b* values of all samples using a digital camera imaging and appropriate image analysis software. A further 40 samples were subjected to contact angle readings using deionized water and glycerol followed by surface free energy calculations. Nonparametric Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis (P<0.01). Results: Coated PMMA specimens demonstrated significantly less water sorption and lower surface free energy compared to noncoated (P <0.001), while no significant difference was found in solubility (P= .028). The coating did not have a significant effect on ΔE values after the staining tests, but the L* values in coated samples were significantly higher compared to the uncoated ones. Significance: This study forms part of a series of experiments on the effect of Parylene coating of PMMA. The modified surface properties of coated PMMA may prolong the lifetime of intraoral prostheses and possibly reduce biofilm formation.
Proteomic profiling of human liver biopsies: Hepatitis C virus–induced fibrosis and mitochondrial dysfunction

Liver biopsies from hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected patients offer the unique opportunity to study human liver biology and disease in vivo. However, the low protein yields associated with these small samples present a significant challenge for proteomic analysis. In this study we describe the application of an ultrasensitive proteomics platform for performing robust quantitative proteomic studies on microgram amounts of HCV‐infected human liver tissue from 15 patients at different stages of fibrosis. A high‐quality liver protein database containing 5,920 unique protein identifications supported high throughput quantitative studies using 16O/18O stable isotope labeling in combination with the accurate mass and time (AMT) tag approach. A total of 1,641 liver biopsy proteins were quantified, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified 210 proteins exhibiting statistically significant differences associated with fibrosis stage. Hierarchical clustering showed that biopsies representative of later fibrosis stages (for example, Batts‐Ludwig stages 3–4) exhibited a distinct protein expression profile, indicating an apparent down‐regulation of many proteins when compared with samples from earlier fibrosis stages (for example, Batts‐Ludwig stages 0–2). Functional analysis of these signature proteins suggests that impairment of key mitochondrial processes including fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation, and response to oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species occurs during advanced stage 3 to 4 fibrosis. Conclusion: The results reported here represent a significant advancement in clinical proteomics providing to our knowledge, the first demonstration of global proteomic alterations accompanying liver disease progression in patients chronically infected with HCV. Our findings contribute to a generally emerging theme associating oxidative stress and hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction with HCV pathogenesis. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Effect of oxalomalate on lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense system in rats

The metabolic functions of NADP+‐specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (ID2), which may participate in the production of NADPH and biosynthesis of fatty acids, are not yet clearly understood. Accordingly, the current study investigated the effect of oxalomalate, known as a competitive inhibitor of ID2 in vitro, on lipid metabolism and the cellular defense system in vivo. Male Sprague Dawley rats (3 weeks old) were divided into two groups, fed a pelletized AIN‐76 semisynthetic diet for 8 weeks, and injected intraperioneally with either saline or oxalomalate (25 mg/kg BW) dissolved in saline every 2 days. Oxalomalate did not lower the body weight and adipose tissue weight significantly; however, it significantly lower the plasma leptin concentration (p < 0.000), plasma and hepatic triglyceride levels (p < 0.01, p < 0.05), and adipocyte lipoprotein lipase activity (p < 0.01) compared to the control group. Meanwhile, hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, except for superoxide dismutase activity (p < 0.01), glutathione content, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels were not significantly different between the groups. Therefore, the current data suggests that oxalomalate produces a triglyceride‐lowering activity and play a possible inhibitory role in fat accumulation. Furthermore, it was not found to affect the most antioxidative enzyme activities, glutathione content, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels in rats fed normal diet. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 17:295–302, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10092
Discrete Path Planing Strategies for Coverage and Multi-Robot Rendezvous

This thesis addresses the problem of motion planning for autonomous robots, given a map and an estimate of the robot pose within it. The motion planning problem for a mobile robot can be defined as computing a trajectory in an environment from one pose to another while avoiding obstacles and optimizing some objective such as path length or travel time, subject to constraints like vehicle dynamics limitations. More complex planning problems such as multi-robot planning or complete coverage of an area can also be defined within a similar optimization structure. The computational complexity of path planning presents a considerable challenge for real-time execution with limited resources and various methods of simplifying the problem formulation by discretizing the solution space are grouped under the class of discrete planning methods. The approach suggests representing the environment as a roadmap graph and formulating shortest path problems to compute optimal robot trajectories on it. This thesis presents two main contributions under the framework of discrete planning. The first contribution addresses complete coverage of an unknown environment by a single omnidirectional ground rover. The 2D occupancy grid map of the environment is first converted into a polygonal representation and decomposed into a set of convex sectors. Second, a coverage path is computed through the sectors using a hierarchical inter-sector and intra-sector optimization structure. It should be noted that both convex decomposition and optimal sector ordering are known NP-hard problems, which are solved using a greedy cut approximation algorithm and Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) heuristics, respectively. The second contribution presents multi-robot path-planning strategies for recharging autonomous robots performing a persistent task. The work considers the case of surveillance missions performed by a team of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The goal is to plan minimum cost paths for a separate team of dedicated charging robots such that they rendezvous with and recharge all the UAVs as needed. To this end, planar UAV trajectories are discretized into sets of charging locations and a partitioned directed acyclic graph subject to timing constraints is defined over them. Solutions consist of paths through the graph for each of the charging robots. The rendezvous planning problem for a single recharge cycle is formulated as a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP), and an algorithmic approach, using a transformation to the TSP, is presented as a scalable heuristic alternative to the MILP. The solution is then extended to longer planning horizons using both a receding horizon and an optimal fixed horizon strategy. Simulation results are presented for both contributions, which demonstrate solution quality and performance of the presented algorithms.
ApoE Type 4 Allele Affects Cognitive Function of Aged Population in Tianjin City, China

Apolipoprotein E type 4 allele (ApoE∊4) is known as a risk gene for the late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, and the relationship between ApoE∊4 and cognitive function of the elderly people has drawn the attention of the scientists. In this study, we investigated the relationship between ApoE∊4 and the cognitive function of the old people. A total of 156 old people were investigated, of whom 31 were ApoE∊4 carriers. The ApoE∊4 primarily influenced the global cognitive function, perceptual speed, and work memory. The results indicate that ApoE∊4 has significant negative effect on the cognitive function of the elderly people who are 60 years and older.
Privacy-preserving cloud-based billing with lightweight homomorphic encryption for sensor-enabled smart grid infrastructure

Sensors are gaining a ubiquitous status over many application domains with regard to enabling data-driven decision making and smart functionality. Integration of sensors with cloud-based data storage and analysis has the potential to significantly enhance the efficiencies, resilience and adaptability of managing smart infrastructure management. In this context, a standout application is smart grid, which provides an electricity delivery service with the ability to monitor, protect and optimize various operations of its connected elements from service provider to consumer. An ability to read and manage smart grid measurements remotely using wireless sensors is an important advantage that allows the grid operators to balance loads effectively and enable on-demand services for various entities. However, the adoption of cloud infrastructure to manage sensor data in a smart grid poses significant risks to data security and consumers privacy. The data maybe exposed to malicious or unwarranted parties, with the potential for various security attacks that may impact data integrity, availability and accountability. We propose a secure and practical billing model using homomorphic encryption within a cloud-based data processing framework. Moving billing management into the cloud securely, with on-demand data retrieval and statistical computations is a major strength of the proposed framework.