Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DUAL-BAND RECTENNA FOR WIRELESS INFORMATION AND POWER TRANSMISSION OF WLAN APPLICATIONS

—A dual-band microstrip rectenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications is presented. It consists of a dual-band dual-polarized receiving antenna and a dual-band high eﬃciency rectiﬁer. The receiving antenna includes a circular loop, a coplanar waveguide (CPW), and a microstrip line. To minimize mutual interference and ensure high isolation of more than 20 dB between the dual-polarized ports, a CPW is used to produce vertical polarization modes, and the horizontal polarization modes are fed by a microstrip line. The horizontal excitation port is used for information receiving, while the vertical feeding port transfers enough wireless energy for rectifying. A co-simulation of HFSS and ADS is used for analysing the performance of rectenna. Measured results show that it has the − 10 dB reﬂection coeﬃcient bandwidths of 510 MHz (2.39–3.09 GHz) and 920 MHz (5.16–6.08 GHz) for rectifying Port 1, where the isolation between the ports is higher than 25 dB, and the cross polarization is less than − 15 dB in two bands. The maximum microwave-direct current (mw-dc) conversion eﬃciencies of 67.7% and 57.03% at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz are achieved with a 300 Ω load and 16 dBm receiving power.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT WEANING PROGRAMS ON PERFORMANCE, SKELETON GROWTH AND BLOOD PARAMETERS OF HOLSTEIN CALVES

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different early weaning programs on the performance, and its influence on skeleton growth and blood parameters of dairy calves. To meet this objective, 30 Holstein calves with initial body weight of 36 ± 8 kg were randomly assigned at birth to be weaned. Experimental treatments were: 1) Starter diet and whole milk from birth to 45 days (45 weaning day (WD), 2) starter diet and whole milk from birth to 65 days (65 WD), 3) starter diet and whole milk from birth to 90 days (90 WD). Starter diet and water were available adlibitum throughout the experiment. Dry matter intake (DMI) of daily starter and average daily gain (ADG) were measured until d 90 of life. Body weight (BW), body length, heart girth and withers height was measured at birth, 30, 60 and 90 day. Blood samples were collected from all calves at the end of the trail. BW and DMI in all measured periods (0, 30, 60 and 90 d) did not differ between treatments. Although 45 WD calves had higher ADG in 30 to 60 d than 65 WD and 85 WD calves. Consequently, in the overall period (d 0-90) greater ADG values were recorded for 45 WD calves. In the overall period, feed conversation ratio (FCR) affected by treatment and lowest values were recorded in 45 WD calves. Body measurements of calves did not differ among treatments at d 30, 60 and 90. Plasma concentration of cholesterol was lower in the 45 WD calves than in the 65 WD and 85 WD animals during the study. Under the conditions of this study, the results suggest that 45WD calves were more efficient at utilizing DMI for BW gain and growth.
Acute and chronic stage adaptations of vascular architecture and cerebral blood flow in a mouse model of TBI

The 3D organization of cerebral blood vessels determines the overall capacity of the cerebral circulation to meet the metabolic requirements of the brain. This study used Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) MRI with a hypercapnic challenge and ex vivo Serial Two-Photon Tomography (STPT) to examine the relationship between blood flow and 3D microvascular structure following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a mouse. Mice were exposed to a controlled cortical impact TBI and allowed to recover for either 1 day or 4 weeks. At each time point, ASL MRI was performed to quantify cerebral perfusion and the brain vasculature was imaged in 3D with STPT. Registration of ASL to STPT enabled flow changes to be related to the underlying microvascular structure in each ASL voxel. Hypoperfusion under rest and hypercapnia was observed both 1 day and 4 weeks post-TBI. Vessel density and vascular volume were reduced 1 day post-TBI, recovering by 4 weeks; however, the reorganized vasculature at the latter time point possessed an abnormal radial pattern. Our findings demonstrate functionally significant long-term changes in the vascular architecture following injury and illustrate why metrics beyond traditional measures of vessel density are required to understand the impact of vascular structure on function.
Role of inherent soil characteristics in assessing soil health across Missouri

Soil health indicator values vary based on parent material, native vegetation, and other soil forming factors; therefore, useful interpretations require consideration of inherent soil characteristics. Our objective was to evaluate the distribution of soil health indicators across soil and climate gradients throughout the state of Missouri through a statewide cover crop cost‐share program. Soil samples (0–7 cm) were collected from 5,300 agricultural fields and analyzed for several soil health indicators. Comparisons were made among six regions in the state based on Major Land Resource Area and county boundaries. Results varied for soil organic carbon (C), active C, potentially mineralizable nitrogen, water stable aggregates, and cation exchange capacity by region and corresponded with soil forming factors. Interpretation of soil health indicators must account for regional factors, recognizing that areas with different inherent values have a different potential for soil health.
Initial Rotor Position Estimation by Detecting Vibration of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine

The principal methods of initial rotor position estimation of permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), such as high-frequency rotating signal injection methods and high-frequency pulsating signal injection methods, are implemented by calculating the voltage equations of the stator winding. However, these methods have low adaptability to the PMSMs with different saliency properties and high sensitivity to electrical parameter variations. In this article, an initial rotor position estimation method based on the dynamical equations of the PMSM is proposed to solve the abovementioned problems. First, a series of vibration signals of the PMSM is generated by applying a high-frequency voltage to the rotating virtual d-axis of the rotor. Then, the relationship between the vibration signals and the rotating virtual d-axis position is established. Next, the initial d-axis rotor position of the PMSM is estimated by analyzing the vibration response. Finally, the rotor magnetic polarity is identified on account of the saturation saliency effect. The theoretical analysis and simulation, as well as experiments, are carried out to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the innovation method. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has the advantages of easy implementation, high adaptability, and strong robustness; also, the maximum initial rotor position estimation error of the proposed method is 1.7 electrical degrees, which is lower than other methods.
Circulating Current Suppression in Parallel Interleaved 2L VSIs Using Modified CM Offset Based Method During Inductors Mismatch Condition

Parallel interleaved two-level voltage source inverters (VSIs) could be analyzed as a single multilevel VSI and hence, a significance reduction in the grid side voltage and current ripple could be achieved. However, the parallel interleaved VSIs have a major issue of circulating current. The circulating current is mainly composed of two frequency components: high frequency component and low frequency component. The high frequency component is generated due to the instantaneous difference in the common-mode (CM) voltages of the VSIs. While due to inductance value mismatch in the ac side line frequency inductors, a low frequency circulating current also flows in the system. This low frequency component needs to be controlled as it could saturate the CM, coupled, or interphase inductors used for limiting the high frequency component of circulating current. In this article, an analysis is carried out for circulating current during the inductors mismatch condition. A CM offset signal is also proposed to limit the flow of low frequency component of the circulating current. The proposed CM offset is derived in terms of existing CM offset signals, and hence any existing pulsewidth modulation technique could be implemented using the proposed method. Simulation and experimental results show the improvement in the circulating current using the proposed modified offset.
Rational Design and Testing of Anti-Knock Additives

An innovative and informed methodology for the rational design and testing of anti-knock additives is reported. Interaction of the additives with OH● and HO2● is identified as the key reaction pathway by which non-metallic anti-knock additives are proposed to operate. Based on this mechanism, a set of generic design criteria for anti-knock additives is outlined. It is suggested that these additives should contain a weak X-H bond and form stable radical species after hydrogen atom abstraction. A set of molecular structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic quantities that pertain to the propensity of the additive to inhibit knock by this mechanism are identified and determined for a set of 12 phenolic model compounds. The series of structural analogues was carefully selected such that the physical thermodynamic and kinetic quantities could be systematically varied. The efficacy of these molecules as anti-knock additives was demonstrated through the determination of the research octane number (RON) and the derived cetane number(DCN), measured using an ignition quality tester (IQT), of a RON 95 gasoline treated with 1 mole % of the additive. The use of the IQT allows the anti-knock properties of potential additives to be studied on one tenth of the scale, compared to the analogous RON measurement. Using multiple linear regression, the relationship between DCN/RON and the theoretically determined quantities is studied. The overall methodology reported is proposed as an informed alternative to the non-directed experimental screening approach typically adopted in the development of fuel additives.
Woody Plant Encroachment and the Sustainability of Priority Conservation Areas

Woody encroachment is a global driver of grassland loss and management to counteract encroachment represents one of the most expensive conservation practices implemented in grasslands. Yet, outcomes of these practices are often unknown at large scales and this constrains practitioner’s ability to advance conservation. Here, we use new monitoring data to evaluate outcomes of grassland conservation on woody encroachment for Nebraska’s State Wildlife Action Plan, a statewide effort that targets management in Biologically Unique Landscapes (BULs) to conserve the state’s natural communities. We tracked woody cover trajectories for BULs and compared BUL trajectories with those in non-priority landscapes (non-BULs) to evaluate statewide and BUL-scale conservation outcomes more than a decade after BUL establishment. Statewide, woody cover increased by 256,653 ha (2.3%) from 2000–2017. Most BULs (71%) experienced unsustainable trends of grassland loss to woody encroachment; however, management appeared to significantly reduce BUL encroachment rates compared to non-BULs. Most BULs with early signs of encroachment lacked control strategies, while only one BUL with moderate levels of encroachment (Loess Canyons) showed evidence of a management-driven stabilization of encroachment. These results identify strategic opportunities for proactive management in grassland conservation and demonstrate how new monitoring technology can support large-scale adaptive management pursuits.
Missing Data Recovery in Large Power Systems Using Network Embedding

This paper proposes a novel network-embedding based method to recover the missing measurements in power systems. In particular, we first construct the spatial and temporal graphs to describe both the spatial correlation among the buses in a power flow network and the temporal correlation of the bus states over different time. Secondly, we propose a Softwork algorithm to map the spatial and temporal graphs to low-dimensional spatiotemporal features. Then, we train a regression neural network using the pairs of spatiotemporal features and observed matrix entries. The trained network can then predict the missing measurements. Furthermore, the proposed missing data recovery algorithm can be extended to an online version to recover the missing measurements from streaming data collected in power systems in real time. Numerical experiments on real-world power systems verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. In particular, the proposed method achieves (on average) −55.36 dB, −42.06 dB, −53.26 dB and −45.32 dB relative recovery errors (RREs) for random, row, column and block missing patterns of the voltage magnitude matrix, respectively, which are much smaller than those achieved by the existing methods.
The first DNA barcodes for the Australian platypus tick Ixodes ornithorhynchi Lucas, 1846 (Acari: Ixodidae) to facilitate conservation efforts for a declining parasite and its host

Ixodes ornithorhynchi is one of Australia’s most cryptic tick species and is found only on the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus). The first cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) sequences for this species are presented to facilitate molecular identification and conservation of both this tick species and its host.
Fault Detection in a Hybrid Dickson DC–DC Converter for 48-V Automotive Applications

Autonomous driving features have introduced safety-critical processor modules. A 48-V network has been developed to enable efficient power distribution. A fault-tolerant high-voltage power management unit is required to ensure continuous power delivery to critical loads. This article compares the cost and efficiency penalty of accommodating the fault-tolerant capability in common dc–dc topologies. The comparison is verified using a 0.13-μm high-voltage automotive Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS SMARTMOS technology in a Cadence simulation environment. Besides, a quantitative reliability assessment of the single-phase and multiphase configurations is presented. This has led to the selection of the hybrid Dickson topology, which has the best electrical performance and comparable cost and reliability among all for high-conversion-ratio fault-tolerant 48-V automotive application. Moreover, this article presents a fast and robust short-circuit and open-circuit fault detection scheme for power switches and flying capacitors in a hybrid Dickson dc–dc converter. The detection method only observes the low-voltage switching node, which eliminates the challenges associated with high-voltage high-bandwidth sensing. The performance of the design has been verified using a multiphase 48-V-to-3.3-V 4-to-1 Dickson converter prototype. The measured results demonstrate that the short-circuit faults are detected within two switching cycles of 250 kHz, which is less than the 10-μs short-circuit immunity of commercial silicon devices.
CBX2 is required during male sex determination to repress female fate at bivalent loci

The epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the male vs. female cell-fate decision in the mammalian bipotential gonad are poorly understood. In this study, we developed a quantitative genome-wide profile of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 in isolated XY and XX gonadal supporting cells before and after sex determination. We show that male and female sex-determining (SD) genes are bivalent before sex determination, providing insight into how the bipotential state of the gonad is established at the epigenetic level. After sex determination, many SD genes of the alternate pathway remain bivalent, possibly contributing to the ability of these cells to transdifferentiate even in adults. It was previously shown that loss of CBX2, the Polycomb group subunit that binds H3K27me3 and mediates silencing, leads to loss of Sry and male-to-female sex reversal. The finding that many genes in the Wnt signaling pathway were targeted for H3K27me3-mediated repression in Sertoli cells led us to test whether deletion of Wnt4 could rescue male development in Cbx2 mutants. We show that Sry expression and testis development were rescued in XY Cbx2-/-;Wnt4-/- mice. Furthermore, we show that CBX2 directly binds the downstream Wnt signaler Lef1, a female-promoting gene that remains bivalent in Sertoli cells. Our results suggest that stabilization of the male fate requires CBX2-mediated repression of bivalent female-determining genes, which would otherwise block Sry expression and male development. Author Summary During development, the bipotential fetal gonad can commit to the male fate and develop as a testis, or to the female fate and develop as an ovary. Mutation of the epigenetic regulator CBX2 leads to ovary development in XY embryos, suggesting a critical role for chromatin remodeling during sex determination. However, the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the male vs. female cell-fate decision in the mammalian bipotential gonad are poorly understood. In this study, we developed a genome-wide profile of two histone modifications that play critical roles during development: H3K27me3 (repressive) and H3K4me3 (active). We find that sex-determining genes that are initially co-expressed in XX and XY bipotential gonads are bivalent (marked by both H3K4me3 and H3K27me3) prior to sex determination, poised to engage either the male or female fate. Remarkably, after sex determination, repressed genes that promote the alternate fate remain bivalent. We show that stabilization of the male fate requires CBX2-mediated repression of bivalent female-determining genes, which would otherwise block testis development. Our study provides insight into how the bipotential state of the gonad is established at the epigenetic level, and how the male fate is stabilized by repression of the female fate during sex determination.
Deep Hash Learning for Remote Sensing Image Retrieval

The content-based remote sensing image retrieval (CBRSIR) has attracted increasing attention with the number of remote sensing (RS) images growing explosively. Benefiting from the strong capacity of the deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), the performance of CBRSIR has been improved in recent years. Although great successes have been obtained, learning the RS images’ representative features and enhancing the retrieval efficiency for the large-scale CBRSIR tasks are still two challenging problems. In this article, we propose a new CBRSIR method named feature and hash (FAH) learning, which consists of a deep feature learning model (DFLM) and an adversarial hash learning model (AHLM). The DFLM aims at learning the RS images’ dense features to guarantee the retrieval precision. In the DFLM, the DCNN and the proposed feature aggregation are integrated to capture the multiscale features. Then, the discrimination of the obtained features can be highlighted by the attention map in the developed attention branch. The AHLM maps the dense features onto the compact hash codes so that the retrieval efficiency can be improved. The AHLM contains a hash learning submodel and an adversarial regularization submodel. In particular, the hash learning submodel learns the real-valued hash codes that are similarity preserved by semantic supervisions. The adversarial regularization submodel regularizes the real-valued hash codes to learn the discrete uniform distribution with possible values 0 and 1. In this way, the hash codes are coding-balanced and the quantization errors are reduced. Encouraging experimental results counted on three public benchmark data sets demonstrate that our FAH can achieve competitive performance in the CBRSIR task compared with many existing hash learning methods.
Simulation of Coupling Process of Flexible Needle Insertion into Soft Tissue Based on ABAQUS

: In order to get to the desired target inside the body, it is essential to investigate the needle-tissue coupling process and calculate the tissue deformation. A cantilever beam model is presented to predicting the deflection and bending angle of flexible needle by analyzing the distribution of the force on needle shaft during the procedure of needle insertion into soft tissue. Furthermore, a finite element (FE) coupling model is proposed to simulate the needle-tissue interactive process. The plane and spatial models are created to relate the needle and tissue nodes. Combined with the cantilever beam model and the finite element needle-tissue coupling model, the simulation of needle-tissue interaction was carried out by the ABAQUS software. The comparing experiments are designed to understand the needle-tissue interactions, by which the same points in the experiments and simulation are compared and analyzed. The results show that the displacements in x and z directions in the simulation can accord with the experiments, and the deformation inside the tissue mainly occurs in the axial direction. The study is beneficial to the robot-assisted and virtual needle insertion procedure, and to help the physicians to predict the inside tissue deformation during the treatments.
On Multiparticle Production in Very High Energy Scattering

A phenomenological model of particle production and hadronisation in high energy collisions is formulated using Dirac fields in Yukawa-like interaction and the resulting stochastic equation is solved numerically. Different initial conditions are used to compare particle- particle (ψ ψ) and particle-antiparticle (ψ* ψ) interactions. It is shown that in this simplified view, there is a clear difference between the final multiplicity distributions resulting from the two initial conditions. To model the restricted phase space (limited pseudorapidity) measurements in experiment, a “loss” function is also proposed to account for the undetected particles close to the beam line.
A conceptual framework for designing the architecture of human resource management

The period of intense changes in the business environment primarily driven by the intensification of the globalization process, an economic downturn, demographic changes, education and labor market changes, technology and ICT development, as well as an increase in the awareness of corporate social responsibility, has led to significant organizational changes. An increasing size, thinning structures, the implementation of new models in intraand inter-organizational design, the introduction of knowledge as the key organizational resource, the implementation of multiplication strategies and the like have also caused significant effects on human resource management (hereinafter referred to as HRM), which reflect in changes in the purpose, role, work scope, HRM organizational process, stronger A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR DESIGNING THE ARCHITECTURE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT