Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-Standardized Patch-Based ECG Lead Together With Deep Learning Based Algorithm for Automatic Screening of Atrial Fibrillation

This study was to assess the feasibility of using non-standardized single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring to automatically detect atrial fibrillation (AF) with special emphasis on the combination of deep learning based algorithm and modified patch-based ECG lead. Fifty-five consecutive patients were monitored for AF in around 24 hours by patch-based ECG devices along with a standard 12-lead Holter. Catering to potential positional variability of patch lead, four typical positions on the upper-left chest were proposed. For each patch lead, the performance of automated algorithms with four different convolutional neural networks (CNN) was evaluated for AF detection against blinded annotations of two clinicians. A total of 349,388 10-second segments of AF and 161,084 segments of sinus rhythm were detected successfully. Good agreement between patch-based single-lead and standard 12-lead recordings was obtained at the position MP1 that corresponds to modified lead II, and a promising performance of the automated algorithm with an R-R intervals based CNN model was achieved on this lead in terms of accuracy (93.1%), sensitivity (93.1%), and specificity (93.4%). The present results suggest that the optimized patch-based ECG lead along by deep learning based algorithms may offer the possibility of providing an accurate, easy, and inexpensive clinical tool for mass screening of AF.
Protective effects of new aryl sulfone derivatives against radiation-induced hematopoietic injury

Abstract The hematopoietic system is sensitive to radiation. In this research, new aryl sulfone derivatives (XH-201 and XH-202) containing a nitrogen heterocycle were designed and synthesized and their radio-protective efficacies with regard to the hematopoietic system were evaluated. XH-201 administration significantly increased the survival rate of mice after 8.0 Gy total body irradiation (TBI). The results showed that XH-201 treatment not only increased the white blood cells, platelets counts and the percentage of hematopoietic progenitor cells and hematopoietic stem cells in mice exposed to 4.0 Gy TBI but also decreased DNA damage, as determined by flow cytometric analysis of histone H2AX phosphorylation. In addition, our data demonstrated that XH-201 decreased the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in hematopoietic cells. Overall, these data suggest that XH-201 is beneficial for the protection of the hemoatopoietic system against radiation-induced injuries.
Transcranial Photobiomodulation (tPBM) With 1,064‐nm Laser to Improve Cerebral Metabolism of the Human Brain In Vivo

In our previous proof‐of‐principle study, transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) with 1,064‐nm laser was reported to significantly increase concentration changes of oxygenated hemoglobin (∆[HbO]) and oxidized‐state cytochrome c oxidase (∆[oxi‐CCO]) in the human brain. This paper further investigated (i) its validity in two different subsets of young human subjects at two study sites over a period of 3 years and (ii) age‐related effects of tPBM by comparing sham‐controlled increases of ∆[HbO] and ∆[oxi‐CCO] between young and older adults.
Additional B-cell malignancies in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL)

Abstract Family and migration studies suggest a genetic risk of developing chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL). We hypothesized that CLL patients have an increased risk of additional clonally unrelated B-cell malignancies. To test this, we studied 467 CLL patients (2743 person-years (PYs)) at a single institution over 17 years. The incidence rate (IR) of any additional B-cell lymphoid malignancy was 10.9 per 1000 PYs (n = 30, 6.4%). Eighteen (4%) patients had a clonally unrelated B-cell malignancy (IR = 6.6 per 1000 PYs). Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were used to compare the incidence of additional clonally unrelated B-cell malignancies in CLL patients to the age- and sex-matched expected rates in the USA generated from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. For the subset of 13 patients having data for comparison in the SEER database, the SIR was 5.41 (95% CI = 2.9, 9.3) which is supportive of our hypothesis.
Enhancement of glycolysis by inhibition of oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylases protects alveolar epithelial cells from acute lung injury.

Cellular bioenergetic failure caused by mitochondrial dysfunction is a key process of alveolar epithelial injury during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) act as cellular oxygen sensors, and their inhibition activates hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), resulting in enhanced cellular glycolytic activity, which could compensate for impaired mitochondrial function and protect alveolar epithelial cells from ARDS. Here, we evaluated the effects of pharmacological PHD inhibition with dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) on alveolar epithelial cell injury using in vitro and in vivo ARDS models. We established an in vitro model of alveolar epithelial injury mimicking ARDS by adding isolated neutrophils and LPS to cultured MLE12 alveolar epithelial cells. DMOG treatment protected MLE12 cells from neutrophil-LPS-induced ATP decline and cell death. Knockdown of HIF-1α or inhibition of glycolysis abolished the protective effect of DMOG, suggesting that it was exerted by HIF-1-dependent enhancement of glycolysis. Additionally, intratracheal DMOG administration to mice protected the alveolar epithelial barrier and improved arterial oxygenation, preventing ATP decline during LPS-induced lung injury. In summary, enhancement of glycolysis by PHD inhibition is a potential therapeutic approach for ARDS, protecting alveolar epithelial cells from bioenergetic failure and cell death. - Tojo, K. , Tamada, N. , Nagamine, Y. , Yazawa, T. , Ota, S. , Goto, T. Enhancement of glycolysis by inhibition of oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylases protects alveolar epithelial cells from acute lung injury. FASEB J. 32, 2258-2268 (2018). www.fasebj. org.
Highly efficient homology‐directed repair using CRISPR/Cpf1‐geminiviral replicon in tomato

Summary Genome editing via the homology‐directed repair (HDR) pathway in somatic plant cells is very inefficient compared with error‐prone repair by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Here, we increased HDR‐based genome editing efficiency approximately threefold compared with a Cas9‐based single‐replicon system via the use of de novo multi‐replicon systems equipped with CRISPR/LbCpf1 in tomato and obtained replicon‐free but stable HDR alleles. The efficiency of CRISPR/LbCpf1‐based HDR was significantly modulated by physical culture conditions such as temperature and light. Ten days of incubation at 31 °C under a light/dark cycle after Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation resulted in the best performance among the tested conditions. Furthermore, we developed our single‐replicon system into a multi‐replicon system that effectively increased HDR efficiency. Although this approach is still challenging, we showed the feasibility of HDR‐based genome editing of a salt‐tolerant SlHKT1;2 allele without genomic integration of antibiotic markers or any phenotypic selection. Self‐pollinated offspring plants carrying the HKT1;2 HDR allele showed stable inheritance and germination tolerance in the presence of 100 mm NaCl. Our work may pave the way for transgene‐free editing of alleles of interest in asexually and sexually reproducing plants.
Preliminary estimation of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in Iran: A modelling analysis based on overseas cases and air travel data

Abstract As of March 1, 2020, Iran had reported 987 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases, including 54 associated deaths. At least six neighboring countries (Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Afghanistan, and Pakistan) had reported imported COVID-19 cases from Iran. In this study, air travel data and the numbers of cases from Iran imported into other Middle Eastern countries were used to estimate the number of COVID-19 cases in Iran. It was estimated that the total number of cases in Iran was 16 533 (95% confidence interval: 5925–35 538) by February 25, 2020, before the UAE and other Gulf Cooperation Council countries suspended inbound and outbound flights from Iran.
On a class of non‐linear transformation cure rate models

In this paper, we propose a generalization of the mixture (binary) cure rate model, motivated by the existence of a zero‐modified (inflation or deflation) distribution, on the initial number of causes, under a competing cause scenario. This non‐linear transformation cure rate model is in the same form of models studied in the past; however, following our approach, we are able to give a realistic interpretation to a specific class of proper transformation functions, for the cure rate modeling. The estimation of the parameters is then carried out using the maximum likelihood method along with a profile approach. A simulation study examines the accuracy of the proposed estimation method and the model discrimination based on the likelihood ratio test. For illustrative purposes, analysis of two real life data‐sets, one on recidivism and another on cutaneous melanoma, is also carried out.
The Quality of Overviews on Milk and Dairy Product Consumption and Cardiovascular Diseases and Milk and Dairy Product Consumption and Risk of Mortality Can be Improved.

We read with interest the recent overviews of milk and dairy product consumption and cardiovascular disease (1) and milk and dairy product consumption and risk of mortality (2). We congratulate and applaud the important work of Fontecha et al. and Cavero-Redondo et al., but several important issues of these 2 overviews should be noted. First, after reviewing the included systematic reviews, we identified some reviews that address the same research question but share the same primary studies, indicating that the authors did not address the overlapping data of original studies. The authors have meta-analyzed findings from all available published systematic reviews together, although they presented this issue as a limitation in the overview. It would be better to deal with this issue when conducting meta-analyses. Second, since some systematic reviews may be updated many times, there may be many versions, but the authors did not clarify how to deal with this issue. Instead, all versions were included, which has a great impact on the credibility of the results. Third, these 2 overviews used the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) (3) to evaluate the risk of bias of each included systematic review, and ranked each systematic review as excellent, 15–16 points; very good, 12– 14 points; good, 9–11 points; acceptable, 6–8 points; or deficient, 3–5 points.However, the responses to theAMSTAR 2 items should not be used to derive an overall score, because an overall score may disguise critical weaknesses that should diminish confidence in the results of a systematic review (3– 5). Furthermore, the developers of AMSTAR 2 recommend that users adopt the rating process based on the identification of critical domains and provide a solution for assessing the quality of systematic reviews based on critical and noncritical items. The AMSTAR 2 contains 16 items, among which 7 are critical domains. Based on the critical and noncritical items, the overall confidence of the quality of the review is rated into 4 levels, high,moderate, low, and critically low. Therefore, the authors should not use their own scoring criteria to rank the quality of the included systematic reviews. We believe that addressing this issue could further increase the value of their studies.
The jumping to conclusions reasoning bias as a cognitive factor contributing to psychosis progression and persistence: findings from NEMESIS-2

Abstract Background Contemporary models of psychosis implicate the importance of affective dysregulation and cognitive factors (e.g. biases and schemas) in the development and maintenance of psychotic symptoms, but studies testing proposed mechanisms remain limited. This study, uniquely using a prospective design, investigated whether the jumping to conclusions (JTC) reasoning bias contributes to psychosis progression and persistence. Methods Data were derived from the second Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS-2). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview and an add-on instrument were used to assess affective dysregulation (i.e. depression, anxiety and mania) and psychotic experiences (PEs), respectively. The beads task was used to assess JTC bias. Time series analyses were conducted using data from T1 and T2 (N = 8666), excluding individuals who reported high psychosis levels at T0. Results Although the prospective design resulted in low statistical power, the findings suggest that, compared to those without symptoms, individuals with lifetime affective dysregulation were more likely to progress from low/moderate psychosis levels (state of ‘aberrant salience’, one or two PEs) at T1 to high psychosis levels (‘frank psychosis’, three or more PEs or psychosis-related help-seeking behaviour) at T2 if the JTC bias was present [adj. relative risk ratio (RRR): 3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8–18.6, p = 0.101]. Similarly, the JTC bias contributed to the persistence of high psychosis levels (adj. RRR: 12.7, 95% CI 0.7–239.6, p = 0.091). Conclusions We found some evidence that the JTC bias may contribute to psychosis progression and persistence in individuals with affective dysregulation. However, well-powered prospective studies are needed to replicate these findings.
Novel lignan-based compounds via click chemistry: paulownin isolation, structural modifications and cytotoxic activity evaluations

Abstract Paulownin, a natural compound obtained from the tree Tecoma stans var. stans, was chemically modified by alkylation of its hydroxyl position. Thirteen novel lignans derivatives synthesized via a copper-catalyzed cycloaddition (CuAAC), known as click reaction, using different organic azides and lignan terminal alkyne. Characterization by mass spectrometry, NMR (1H and 13C) and infrared spectroscopy. These novel molecules were submitted to biological tests, using the MTT colorimetric technique aiming at the verification of their antitumor properties with six different cells lines. Biological evaluation was satisfactory and one of compounds showed selectivity index ten times higher than podophyllotoxin. Graphical Abstract
Can CT texture analysis aid in the diffentiation between normal lymph nodes and nodal metastases in oropharyngeal carcinomas

Poster: "ECR 2015 / C-1688 / Can CT texture analysis aid in the diffentiation between normal lymph nodes and nodal metastases in oropharyngeal carcinomas? " by: "S. A. Waugh1, M. J. Budak2, J. Weir-McCall1, T. Sudarshan1; 1Dundee/UK, 2Edmonton, AB/CA"
Comprehensive Instructional Video Analysis: The COIN Dataset and Performance Evaluation

Thanks to the substantial and explosively increased instructional videos on the Internet, novices are able to acquire knowledge for completing various tasks. Over the past decade, growing efforts have been devoted to investigating the problem on instructional video analysis. However, most existing instructional video datasets have limitations in diversity and scale, which makes them far from many real-world applications where more diverse activities occur. To address this, in this article, we propose a large-scale dataset called “COIN” for COmprehensive INstructional video analysis. Organized with a hierarchical structure, the COIN dataset contains 11,827 videos of 180 tasks in 12 domains (e.g., vehicles, gadgets, etc.) related to our daily life. With a new developed toolbox, all the videos are annotated efficiently with a series of step labels and the corresponding temporal boundaries. In order to provide a benchmark for instructional video analysis, we evaluate plenty of approaches on our COIN dataset under five different settings. Furthermore, we exploit two important characteristics (i.e., task-consistency and ordering-dependency) for localizing important steps in instructional videos. Accordingly, we propose two simple yet effective methods, which can be easily plugged into conventional proposal-based action detection models. We believe the introduction of the COIN dataset will promote the future in-depth research on instructional video analysis for the community. Our dataset, annotation toolbox and source codes are available at http://coin-dataset.github. io.
The Quality of Life as a Predictor of Social Support for Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Caregivers

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Coping with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is challenging. MS is one of the most common causes of nontraumatic disability in young adults, and patients may need assistance with daily life activities. This article explores the relation between quality of life (QOL) and the perceived available social support among patients with MS and their families. METHODS: The study included 120 subjects (60 patient-caregiver dyads). The average age of the patients was 53.95 ± 10.19 years, and for caregivers, it was 50.8 ± 13.3 years. The study used 2 subscales of the Berlin Social Support Scale (perceived availability of social support and need for social support) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire for the assessment of QOL. RESULTS: QOL in MS is lower compared with that of their caregivers in all dimensions except the social domain (P < .001, r = 0.54–0.64). A higher need for social support was experienced by caregivers. The need for support in this group is affected by 3 predictors: QOL in the environmental domain and in the physical domain as well as their subjective health. An improvement in QOL in all the domains is related to an increase of perceived available support, in both the group of patients and that of their caregivers (P < .05, ρ = 0.28–0.59). CONCLUSIONS: Perceived available support is of great importance for both patients and their caregivers to enable them to function better in the physical, mental, social, and environmental domains of their QOL, where social relationships play a predictive role.
Ultimate Eradication of the Ciprofloxacin Antibiotic from the Ecosystem by Nanohybrid GO/O-CNTs

Eradication of pharmaceutical drugs from the global ecosystem has received remarkable attention due to the extensive horrible consequences on the human immunological system and the high rate of human deaths. The urgent need for drug eradication became the dominant priority for many research institutions worldwide due to the sharp increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the human body, which inhibits drug effectiveness and leads ultimately to death. Nanohybrid GO/O-CNTs was fabricated from graphene oxide (GO) cross-linked via calcium ions (Ca2+) with oxidized carbon nanotubes (O-CNTs) to eradicate the well-known ciprofloxacin antibiotic drug from aqueous solutions. The ciprofloxacin drug is medically prescribed in millions of medical prescriptions every year and typically exists in domestic and wastewaters. Characterization of the nanohybrid GO/O-CNTs was carried out through spectroscopic (Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD)), thermal (Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG)), and microscopic (scanning electron microscopy (SEM)) techniques. Optimum parameters for the drug eradication process from aqueous solutions were verified and selected as follows: contact time = 4 h, pH = 6.0, temperature = 290 K, %CaCl2 = 0.5%, GO/O-CNT ratio = 4:1, and adsorbent mass = 1.0 mg. The equilibrium data were fitted to different adsorption isotherms, and the Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit to our data. Dynamic studies demonstrated a pseudo-second-order removal process for the ciprofloxacin drug, and thermodynamic parameters confirmed exothermic drug adsorption (−27.07 kJ/mol) as well as a physisorption process. For the sake of fighting against the generated AMR, our working strategy demonstrated a removal efficiency of 99.2% of the ciprofloxacin drug and drug uptake as high as 512 mg/g.
The impact of common mental disorders among caregivers living with HIV on child cognitive development in Zimbabwe

ABSTRACT This paper aimed to assess the impact of maternal common mental disorders (CMD) among caregivers living with HIV on the cognitive functioning of their child. Data were collected at baseline and 12 months follow-up from mother–child dyads recruited as part of an ongoing trial in Zimbabwe. Symptoms of CMD were assessed using the Shona Symptom Questionnaire. Mixed-effects linear regression was used to assess child cognitive scores at follow-up (using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning) in relation to caregiver CMD prevalence over 12 months. At baseline, caregivers reporting CMD (n = 230; 40.1%) were less likely to have completed higher education (46.9% vs. 56.9%; p = 0.02), more likely to be unmarried (27.8% vs. 16.0%; p < 0.01), and experience food insecurity (50.0% vs. 29.4%; p < 0.01) compared to the group without CMD (n = 344). There were 4 CMD patterns over time: (i) Emerging CMD (n = 101; 19.7% of caregivers) defined as those who were below the cut-off at baseline, and above it at 12 months; (ii) Improving CMD (n = 76; 14.8%) defined as those who reported CMD at baseline, and were below the cut-off by follow-up; (iii) No CMD (n = 206; 40.1%) defined as those who did not report CMD symptoms at either time point; and (iv) Chronic CMD (n = 131; 25.5%) defined as those who reported CMD above the cut-off at both time points. Children of caregivers with chronic CMD (n = 131, 25.5%) had lower receptive language scores (aMD:−2.81, 95%CI −5.1 to −0.6; p = 0.05) compared to the reference group with no CMD (n = 206, 40.1%). Exposure to caregiver CMD over a prolonged period may affect child receptive vocabulary skills.
Postmortem CT in Trauma: An Overview

As forensic radiology sees an exponential gain in popularity, postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) is increasingly being used in the appropriate setting, either as preautopsy guidance or as part of complementary virtual autopsy protocol. Many articles have expounded the value it adds to forensic pathology in the general setting and the appropriate technical parameters to be used for optimum benefit. We aim to put forth a concise review on the role of PMCT specifically in trauma and the pitfalls to be aware of. Reviews have shown that presumed cause of death in trauma have been proven by autopsy to be wrong in about 30% cases. Radiology applied to postmortem investigation in unnatural deaths and more specifically in trauma shares many semiotic features with emergency radiology. Therefore, in the near future, emergency radiologists might be required to integrate this type of imaging in their regular practice. Although the predominant drawbacks are time-dependent, PMCT also has some difficulty in differentiating antemortem and postmortem events. However, in many such scenarios, PMCT and autopsy play a complementary role in arriving at conclusions, and we believe understanding the benefits and role in trauma is imperative considering the expanding usage of PMCT.