Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A critical comparison of reflectometry methods for location of wiring faults

Aging wiring in buildings, aircraft and transportation systems, consumer products, industrial machinery, etc. is among the most significant potential causes of catastrophic failure and maintenance cost in these structures. Smart wire health monitoring can therefore have a substantial impact on the overall health monitoring of the system. Reflectometry is commonly used for locating faults on wire and cables. This paper compares Time domain reflectometry (TDR), frequency domain reflectometry (FDR), mixed signal reflectometry (MSR), sequence time domain reflectometry (STDR), spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR) and capacitance sensors in terms of their accuracy, convenience, cost, size, and ease of use. Advantages and limitations of each method are outlined and evaluated for several types of aircraft cables. The results in this paper can be extrapolated to other types of wire and cable systems.
Different Techniques and Algorithms for Biomedical Signal Processing

This paper is intended to give a broad overview of the complex area of biomedical and their use in signal processing. It contains sufficient theoreti- cal materials to provide some understanding of the tech- niques involved for the researcher in the field. This paper consists of two parts: feature extraction and pat- tern recognition. The first part provides a basic under- standing as to how the time domain signal of patient are converted to the frequency domain for analysis. The second part provides basic for understanding the theo- retical and practical approaches to the development of neural network models and their implementation in modeling biological system
Genetic and nutritional effects on lactational performance of gilts selected for components of efficient lean growth

Lactational performance was measured in Large White gilts from lines that had been divergently selected over seven generations for daily food intake (DFI), lean food conversion ratio (LFC), lean growth rate with ad-libitum (LGA) or restricted (LGS) feeding during performance test. Control line gilts were included in the study. During the lactation period of 21 days, gilts were given to appetite five isoenergetic diets differing in ileal digestible lysine : energy (0·40, 0·58, 0·76, 0·94 and 1·12 g/MJ digestible energy). The study consisted of 223 gilts with a similar number of animals in each selection line. Live-weight loss was greater in the low LFC and LGA lines than in the high lines and food intake was significantly lower in the low LGA line than in the high line. Litter-weight gain of the low LFC and high LGA lines were greater than in the complementary selection lines. Prediction equations for nutrient utilization were used to express the effect of diet and selection line in terms of energy and protein inputs and outputs. Selection on DFI or LGS resulted in gilts that did not mobilize lipid during lactation as sufficient energy for milk and maintenance was provided by dietary intake. In contrast, there was insufficient dietary energy with selection on LFC or on low LGA so lipid mobilization was required to achieve energy balance. The energy required to excrete excess protein and energy from lipid mobilization increased as the dietary lysine energy ratio increased, but there were no other dietary effects on energy and protein utilization. Genotype with nutrition interactions were detected for energy intake and lipid mobilization, which were due to the lines selected for low DFI and LGA. The general absence of genotype with nutrition interactions for lactational performance in gilts selected for components of efficient lean growth and the lack of significant dietary effects on energy utilization indicated that the consequences of changing nutritional inputs will be broadly similar for genotypes within the set of genotypes studied. Selection strategies which result in reduced food intake during lactation should be avoided if lipid mobilization is then required to attain energy balance and there are resultant negative effects on subsequent reproductive performance.
Multisurface Interferometric Algorithm and Error Analysis With Adaptive Phase Shift Matching

To simultaneously measure topographies of both surfaces of a transparent plate through wavelength-tuning interferometry at arbitrary cavity lengths, a flexible phase shift matching algorithm (FPSMA) is proposed. The FPSMA includes two parts: 1) taking the four-term third-order Nuttall window as an example, a phase demodulation approach is designed and analyzed for extracting the harmonic phases of the front surface, rear surface, and thickness variation of the measured plate and 2) based on the residual error analysis of the developed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Nuttall algorithm for different cavity length coefficients <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the phase-shifting parameters <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, a parameter-change technique that allows the developed phase demodulation approach is applied to arbitrary cavity lengths by adaptively changing the phase shifts and frames of the captured interferograms. By this technique, the algorithm failures due to the spectral aliasing of harmonics can be avoided effectively and conveniently, and then the correct phase demodulation can be ensured. Besides, using the developed method, when the values of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> or <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are chosen in advance, the corresponding available measurement ranges can be given. Besides, the relationship between the window length and the measurement limitation of the measurable thinnest optical thickness is investigated. Considering the common linear and nonlinear errors in the wavelength-shifting process, the error analysis of FPSMA is performed and discussed for situations close to reality. The comparative studies and the experimental results of two transparent parallel plates also support the performance of the developed FPSMA.
Time-of-flight based pixel architecture with integrated double-cathode photodetector

For various industrial applications contact-less optical 3D distance measurement systems with active illumination are suitable. A new approach for a pixel of such a 3D-camera chip for applications in displacement and 3D-shape measurement is presented here. The distance information is gained by measuring the Time-of-Flight (TOF) of photons transmitted by a modulated light source to a diffuse reflecting object and back to the receiver IC. The receiver is implemented as an opto-electronic integrated circuit (OEIC). It consists of a double-cathode photodetector performing an opto-electronic correlation, a decoupling network and an output low-pass filter on a single silicon chip. The correlation of the received optical signal and the electronic modulation signal enables the determination of the phase-shift between them. The phase-shift is directly proportional to the distance of the object. The measurement time for a single distance measurement is 20 ms for a range up to 6.2 m. The standard deviation up to 3.4 m is better than 1cm for a transmitted optical power of 1.2 mW at a wavelength of 650 nm. The OEIC was fabricated in a slightly modified 0.6 &mgr;m BiCMOS technology with a PIN-photodetector. The photosensitive area of the integrated PIN-photodetector is 120x115 &mgr;m2. A fill factor of ~67% is reached.
Percutaneous laser nephrolithotripsy: is it here to stay? Results of a systematic review

Purpose of review PCNL (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) and its miniaturized variants are being widely employed in stone surgery, owing to their high-stone-free rates (SFRs) and efficacy for large (>20 mm) stones. With advances in laser technology, it has been readily utilized in PCNL, with the potential for lower complication rates at similar SFR. We aimed to perform a systematic literature review with a focus on recent prospective clinical data that compares laser PCNL to either nonlaser PCNL, different PCNL sizes or other current standards of care such as shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) or flexible ureteroscopy (FURS). Recent findings Of the 294 studies initially identified through database searching, nine papers published between 2019 and 2021 were included which compared laser PCNL (Standard PCNL in three, mini-PCNL in four, ultra-mini PCNL in one, micro-PCNL in one study) to other nonlaser lithotripsy, ESWL, FURS, and different PCNL sizes. Complications for laser PCNL ranged from bleeding (4.4%), perirenal haematoma (1.1%), fever (4.6%), ureteric/renal pelvic injury (2.3%), haematuria (2.7%), and infection (2.6%). The mean SFR for laser PCNL was 91.5% at 3 months. Summary Percutaneous laser nephrolithotripsy is well tolerated and effective, with high-SFRs at 3 months and relatively low intraoperative and postoperative complication rates. Further research is required to assess the role of intraoperative techniques and suction to improve outcomes further.
Seismic design and testing of the bottom vertical boundary elements in steel plate shear walls. Part 2: experimental studies

This paper describes an experiment to investigate the seismic design and responses of the bottom column, also called the bottom vertical boundary element (VBE), in steel plate shear walls (SPSWs). The main objectives of this experiment include validating the effectiveness of the design method developed in the companion paper, investigating the experimental performance of VBEs under large interstory drifts, and calibrating analytical models for earthquake engineering of SPSWs. Three full‐scale two‐story SPSWs were cyclically tested at the Taiwan National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering in 2011. Test results and numerical simulations confirm that the proposed design procedures are effective in predicting the plastic zone forming elevation in the lower half of the bottom VBE and the occurrence of yielding at the VBE's top end. Test results show that the premature yielding occurring at the top end of a bottom VBE would result in a deformation concentration at the bottom of SPSWs. In addition, lateral torsional buckling could take place on the bottom VBE after significant plastic rotations have developed at the top end. Test results suggest that preventing the VBE's top end from yielding is the key issue in the seismic design of SPSWs, and the proposed method can be effectively adopted to achieve this objective. Furthermore, the inelastic responses of the SPSW specimens were satisfactorily simulated by using detailed finite shell elements or simplified frame response analysis models. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Correlation between Play Behavior, Serum Cortisol and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Welfare Assessment of Dairy Calves within the First Month of Life

Welfare assessment of dairy calves is commonly conducted through the observation of their behavior and the analysis of physiological parameters. Despite the large number of studies on this topic, there is a lack of research on the possible correlation between the physiological parameters and behavior at basal level in dairy calves. For this reason, the present study aimed to investigate the possible correlations between serum cortisol, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (N/L) and locomotor play behavior in 21 Friesian dairy calves within their first month of life. Every week, an arena test after blood collection was performed. A significant positive correlation between serum cortisol levels and N/L (rrm = 0.381; 95% CI = 0.083, 0.617; p = 0.012) and a negative correlation between time spent running and N/L (rrm = −0.351; 95% CI = −0.575, −0.077; p = 0.012) were found. On the contrary, no significant correlation between time spent running and cortisol levels was detected. Cortisol levels and N/L were higher in the newborn and had a constant decrease until reaching a stable value after the 24th day of life. These findings suggest a better predictivity of N/L, compared to serum cortisol, on locomotor play behavior.
Extreme precipitation on consecutive days occurs more often in a warming climate

Extreme precipitation occurring on consecutive days may substantially increase the risk of related impacts, but changes in such events have not been studied at a global scale. Here we use a unique global dataset based on in situ observations and multi-model historical and future simulations to analyse the changes in the frequency of extreme precipitation on consecutive days (EPCD). We further disentangle the relative contributions of variations in precipitation intensity and temporal correlation of extreme precipitation, to understand the processes that drive the changes in EPCD. Observations and climate model simulations show that the frequency of EPCD is increasing in most land regions, in particular in North America, Europe and the Northern Hemisphere high latitudes. These increases are primarily a consequence of increasing precipitation intensity, but changes in the temporal correlation of extreme precipitation regionally amplify or reduce the effects of intensity changes. Changes are larger in simulations with a stronger warming signal, suggesting that further increases in EPCD are expected for the future under continued climate warming.
Active smart material system for buffet load alleviation

This paper addressed the feasibility of using an active piezoelectric buffet suppression system to reduce buffet vibrations in vertical tail aircraft. During the assessment, functional requirements were defined, models were developed, and full-scale piezoelectric buffet suppression systems were designed and evaluated. A variety of actuator distributions, sensor locations and controller architectures were examined and it was found that significant performance improvements could be achieved (greater than 70 percent) with minimal weight penalties (less than 8 percent). This work enabled the evaluation of issues such as system performance versus added weight and piezoelectric actuator control authority and power requirements. The study showed that the added performance benefit (in terms of vibration reduction and fatigue life) are far greater than the weight penalty, and that piezoelectric actuators have the control authority required to suppress high energy buffet forces within aircraft geometry, weight, and power constraints. Further, the high performance achieved (much greater than that defined in the functional requirements) suggests that systems can be designed with a much lower weight penalty (1/2 to 1/4) than that assumed in this study.
Calculation of depletion layer thickness by including the mobile carriers

A useful analytical approximation for depletion layer thickness, which takes into account the effect of mobile carriers under high forward bias is presented. The new expression predicts, in agreement with computer simulations, a significantly smaller depletion layer thickness at high forward bias than that of conventional theory. The results of these effects for heterojunctions shows a less pronounced effect. The model's validity for different forward biases is also illustrated. Finally, the effect of temperature dependence is discussed.
Wi-Fi… Why Now? Exploring New Wireless Technologies for Industrial Applications

As Ethernet and Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity quickly become the “serial port” of the future it’s clear that wireless technology trends will closely follow. Additionally, recently available spread spectrum technologies are enabling new applications that go beyond simple wire and conduit replacement to more data intensive and bandwidth demanding things such as video surveillance, inplant VoIP, mobile computing, and active RFID asset tracking to name a few.
Geospatial Modeling of Wine Grape Quality Indicators (Anthocyanin) for Development of Differential Wine Grape Harvesting Technology

Segregation of wine grapes based on quality during harvest is a growing need for producers and wineries as spatial variability of vi neyard quality is well established. While wine grape quality indicators like anthocyanin (mg/ g) are measurable, there is no commercial technology to differentially harvest usi ng such parameters. Geo-referenced field samples of wine grapes were measured for anth ocyanin and brix using a portable near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer. Data was collecte d from 437 sampling vines in a 45 acre block and 1330 in a 160 acre block of vineyard s in the San Joaquin Valley of California (2006-2007). Geo-spatial modeling of ant hocyanin yielded quality zones of ‘high’ and ‘low’ quality while the brix dataset was utilized to determine the timing of the harvest. The anthocyanin concentration used to diff erentiate between high and low quality was based on cut off values of 0.87 and 1.0 5 mg anthocyanin/g fruit for the two vineyards specified by winemakers. A differential h arvest attachment was developed for a commercial mechanical grape harvester that utiliz ed the geospatial quality map for segregation of wine grapes on-the-go. Three 40 tons lots of wine grapes representing the standard (average) field blend, high anthocyanin an d low anthocyanin were differentially harvested from each vineyard. These wine grapes were fermented separately and subjected to analytical and taste panel analysis re sulting in significant (99.4% confidence) difference in wines produced.
A Machine Learning Based Intrusion Impact Analysis Scheme for Clouds

Clouds represent a major paradigm shift, inspiring the contemporary approach to computing. They present fascinating opportunities to address dynamic user requirements with the provision of on demand expandable computing infrastructures. However, Clouds introduce novel security challenges which need to be addressed to facilitate widespread adoption. This paper is focused on one such challenge intrusion impact analysis. In particular, we highlight the significance of intrusion impact analysis for the overall security of Clouds. Additionally, we present a machine learning based scheme to address this challenge in accordance with the specific requirements of Clouds for intrusion impact analysis. We also present rigorous evaluation performed to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method to address this challenge for Clouds. The evaluation results demonstrate high degree of effectiveness to correctly determine the impact of an intrusion along with significant reduction with respect to the intrusion response time.
A non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm for a bi-objective pick-up and delivery problem

Some companies must transport their personnel within facilities. This is especially the case for oil companies that use helicopters to transport engineers, technicians and assistant personnel from platform to platform. This operation has the potential to become expensive if the transportation routes are not correctly planned and provide a bad quality of service. Here this issue is modelled as a pick-up and delivery problem where a set of transportation requests should be scheduled in routes, minimizing the total transportation cost while the most urgent requests are satisfied by priority. To solve the problem, a method based on a Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) is proposed. This algorithm is tested on both randomly generated and real instances provided by a petroleum company. The results show that the proposed algorithm improves the best-known solutions.
Radiation effects test facility at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility

The beam line end station, associated instrumentation and dosimetry used at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility for radiation effects research and testing with up to 200 MeV protons are described. Access to beam for radiation effects studies is greatly enhanced by the capability to share beam with other users on a millisecond time scale. Use of shared beam mandates that the beam energy be changed through the use of degraders. Beams degraded by the use of copper degraders are characterized at several locations downstream of the degraders where devices may be placed for study.
Snacking behavior differs between evening and morning chronotype individuals but no differences are observed in overall energy intake, diet quality, or food cravings

ABSTRACT There is a growing body of literature that links chronotype to certain undesirable eating behaviors. However, the relationship between chronotype and dietary intake is poorly characterized among adults in the United States (U.S.). This cross-sectional study examined the associations among chronotype, snacking habits, dietary intake and quality, and food cravings. One-hundred adults living in the U.S. completed the study. Based on the Horne-Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire score, an individual was categorized as having either a morning (M)-type, intermediate (I)-type, or evening (E)-type chronotype. Snack intake was assessed using a previously published specialized food frequency questionnaire. Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake was assessed using the updated version of the Beverage Intake Questionnaire-15. Alcohol misuse was measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption. Diet quality was obtained using the Diet History Questionnaire III. The validated General Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait measured participants’ food cravings. E-type individuals reported consuming snacks more often over the course of a week than M-types (p = .002) but not I-types. In terms of timing of snacking, E-type individuals consumed more snacks after dinner than M-types (p < .001). E-type individuals consumed more energy-dense snacks (p = .005), especially candies (p = .005), than M-types. However, there were no significant differences in healthy snack frequency, diet quality, energy and macronutrient intake, SSB consumption, alcohol misuse, or food cravings among chronotypes (p > .05, for all). In conclusion, E-type individuals consumed snacks more frequently and later than M-types; however, chronotype was not associated with an individual’s energy intake, diet quality, and food cravings, which suggests that chronotype is negligibly associated with weight gain-related behaviors in this population.
Ground reaction forces in the horse at the walk, trot and gallop measured with an instrumented shoe

Musculoskeletal injuries are the first cause of inability to perform in race and sport horses, and speed is known to contribute to the occurrence of these injuries. A relevant approach to assess the effect of the speed on the locomotor apparatus is to determine the limb loading characteristics, as well as the ground reaction force (GRF). Force plates are commonly used, but they are not practical in the horse, whose stride length exceeds 5m at high speed. An instrumented treadmill is another approach, but it only measures the vertical GRF (Weishaupt et al. 2004). An instrumented horseshoe with a six-load component dynamometer is necessary to completely characterise the GRF (Roland et al. 2005). The objective of the present study was to describe the influence of the speed on the GRF using a custom-made 3D dynamometric horseshoe (Pacquet et al. 2007; Figure 1). 2. Methods