Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Space-Time Disaggregation of Rainfall into DSD fields

AbstractA stochastic method to disaggregate rain rate fields into drop size distribution (DSD) fields is proposed. It is based on a previously presented DSD simulator that has been modified to take into account prescribed block-averaged rain rate values at a coarser scale. The integral quantity used to drive the disaggregation process can be the rain rate, the radar reflectivity, or any variable directly related to the DSD. The proposed method is illustrated and qualitatively evaluated using radar rain rate data provided by MeteoSwiss for two rain events of very contrasted type (stratiform versus convective). The evaluation shows that both types of rainfall are correctly disaggregated, although the general agreement in terms of rain rate distributions, intermittency, and space–time structures is much better for the stratiform case. Possible extensions and generalizations of the technique (e.g., using radar reflectivities at two different frequencies or polarizations to drive the disaggregation process) ar.
Immediate postoperative transfusions after total hip arthroplasty: retrospective analysis compar- ing two methods of predicting post-transfusion hematocrit Ankstyvos pooperacinës transfuzijos po klubo sànario endoprotezavimo operacijø: dviejø potransfuzinio hematokrito prognozës metodø retrospekt

1 Vilniaus universiteto Anesteziologijos ir reanimatologijos klinika, Ðiltnamiø g. 29 LT-04130, Vilnius 2 Matematikos ir informatikos institutas, Akademijos g. 4, LT-08663 Vilnius El. paðtas: Audrius.Andrijauskas@mf.vu. lt 1 Vilnius University Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Ðiltnamiø str. 29 LT-04130 Vilnius, Lithuania 2 Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Akademijos str. 4, LT-08663 Vilnius, Lithuania E-mail: Audrius.Andrijauskas@mf.vu. lt; medictasks@hotmail.com
Design of an electronic synapse with spike time dependent plasticity based on resistive memory device

This paper presents a design of electronic synapse with Spike Time Dependent Plasticity (STDP) based on resistive memory device. With the resistive memory device whose resistance can be purposely changed, the weight of the synaptic connection between two neurons can be modified. The synapse can work according to the STDP rule, ensuring that the timing between pre and post-spikes leads to either the long term potentiation or long term depression. By using the synapse, a neural network with three neurons has been constructed to realize the STDP learning.
Interannual variability of atmospheric CO2 in the Mediterranean: measurements at the island of Lampedusa

The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases has been measured weekly since 1992 at the island of Lampedusa, in the Mediterranean sea. Lampedusa is a small island located approximately 100 km east of Tunisia, and 250 km south of Sicily. The 10-yr CO2 data set has been analysed to quantify trends, and characterize semi-annual, annual and inter-annual variability. The data show an average trend of ×1.7 ppmv yr−1; the average annual cycle has an amplitude of about 9 ppmv. In the period of investigation the annual growth rate varies between 0.5 and 4.5 ppmv yr−1, and the amplitude of the annual cycle between 7 and 11 ppmv yr−1. By comparing the observed growth rate with recent estimates of carbon dioxide emissions, it is calculated that 58–61% of the emitted CO2 remains in the atmosphere. The CO2 growth rate appears to be related to large-scale dynamic phenomena, primarily El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). An evident signature of the 1997–98 El Niño is apparent in the CO2 record, and corresponds to a weakening of the exchange with the biosphere. A high correlation between the global average temperature and the 12-month average carbon dioxide growth rate is also found. Wind direction displays a significant inter-annual variability throughout the measurement period, possibly influencing the observed evolution of the CO2 concentration.
Comments on the paper " Reconnaissance of Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation ichnofossils , Rocky Mountain Region , USA : Paleoenvironmental , stratigraphie , and paleochmatic significance of terrestrial and freshwater ichnocoenoses " by

" Geological Institute, 0ster Voldgade 10, DK-135Ú, Copenhagen K, Denmark Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E2 ° CONICET, Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio, Av. Fontana 140, 9100 Trelew, Chubut, Argentina '' Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Paleobiology, MRC-121, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA " CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Av. Uruguay 151, L6300CLB Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina Institut fur Paläontologie der Universität, Pleicherwall 1, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany ^ Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Oleandry 2a, 30-063 Krakow, Poland
An NLP System for Extracting and Representing Knowledge from Abbreviated Text

This paper introduces a new system that has been developed specifically for processing abbreviated text from an information-extraction point of view. Each of the three principal components of the system---text preprocessing, parsing for content, and discourse processing---is discussed in turn. Approaches used in the development of the knowledge sources are mentioned, with a particular focus on the linguistic issues involved. Examples of how sentences are processed are given, and strengths of the system are stressed. Finally, conclusions are drawn and future work and applications are sketched.
Language Identification Using Gaussian Mixture Models

The importance of Language Identification for African languages is seeing a dramatic increase due to the development of telecommunication infrastructure and, as a result, an increase in volumes of data and speech traffic in public networks. By automatically processing the raw speech data the vital assistance given to people in distress can be speeded up, by referring their calls to a person knowledgeable in that language. To this effect a speech corpus was developed and various algorithms were implemented and tested on raw telephone speech data. These algorithms entailed data preparation, signal processing, and statistical analysis aimed at discriminating between languages. The statistical model of Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) were chosen for this research due to their ability to represent an entire language with a single stochastic model that does not require phonetic transcription. Language Identification for African languages using GMMs is feasible, although there are some few challenges like proper classification and accurate study into the relationship of langauges that need to be overcome. Other methods that make use of phonetically transcribed data need to be explored and tested with the new corpus for the research to be more rigorous.
Significance of uncertainties in the input data used in the integrated design of wastewater systems

On the basis of extensive data surveys and rainfall-runoff measurements in a test catchment area (A = 318 ha), together with a detailed search of the literature, a description is made of uncertainties in the underlying data arising from the method of data collection. The impact of these uncertainties is compared and contrasted with the impact of certain measures (e.g. RTC). It is demonstrated that the same importance has to be attached to the quality of the underlying data as to the development of water quality enhancement measures. Statistical screening methods are used to determine significant input parameters for various models. The results are an important aid to decision-making when establishing future capital projects for improving the data stock underlying water resources engineering schemes.
ON THE IN-PIPE INSPECTION ROBOTS TRAVERSING THROUGH ELBOWS

A general robotic mechanism was presented for in-pipe inspection oflevel pipes with varied diameter or curved pipelines. The robot employed three legs comprised of parallelogram linkages mechanism which enables adapting to various elbow joints in the piping systems. The curvatures in pipeline are the most important constraints in front of the robot through navigation process. To study the adaptability of in-pipe robots to the elbow, geometrical analysis was used to determine the minimum required diameter of an assumed resizable cylinder when it traverses through elbows. The contact points of the cylinder and the elbow are located at the medial longitudinal cross section of the elbow. However, for any designed configuration of the robots, the contact points are located at other longitudinal cross sections. For any elbow joint, a 3D space, so-called âcurved pipe limited areaâ was defined using the minimum required width along all longitudinal cross sections in elbows. The traversing robot should be adaptable to this limited area which is a function of robotâs length, pipesâ diameter and radius of curvature. A set of computer simulation was used to verify the derived analytical equations. The verified equations in this paper enable designers to confirm the dimensions of the robots for guaranteed traversing through standard elbows in pipeline. In addition to optimizing the robotâs dimensions in designing process, the proposed equations can be used for active controlling of robotâs diameter when it traverses through elbows.
Abundance gradients in elliptical galaxies

Abundance gradients predicted by dissipative models of galaxy formation are studied with the aid of mass models of spherical galaxies obeying the Sersic R 1=n law in projection. The link between metallicity and stellar binding energies and angular momenta is derived from the "concentration model" by Lynden-Bell (1975) with the addition of a terminal wind and an age spread among the stellar populations of individual ellipticals. By using the calibration of the Mg2 index as a function of metallicity and age from Single-burst Stellar Populations models, the radial profiles of Mg2 are computed for a variety of models to illustrate the general predictions of the present approach. We also matched the observed radial profiles of Mg2 in a sample of 11 ellipticals. We find that observations are reproduced reasonably well in our adopted approximation and require a considerable degree of dissipation and a metal yield above the solar value. A terminal wind or an age spread make it easier to fit the Mg2 profiles of the ellipticals with shallow Mg2 profiles in the innermost regions. However, model results (with or without an age spread) show that the exact determination of the free parameters suers from degeneracy of their eects. Moreover, model results also suer from the poorly known eects of non-solar abundance ratios on index Mg2. Other spectral indices, besides Mg2, and broad-band colours observed in elliptical galaxies can be examined in the same way with the present scheme; their study is postponed to a further investigation.
Financial Market Theory of Development – Evidence from Palestine and Israeli Stock Exchanges

ABSTRACT This study is compelled by the motivation to find out potential equilibrium and dynamic relationships involving two neighboring stock exchanges - Palestine Stock Exchange (PEX) and Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE). Based upon Financial Market Theory of Development, we attempt to explore the degree of integration between the two exchanges using Engle-Granger Cointegration procedures (1987). Data were collected on monthly basis over sample period from January 1998 till February 2012. The empirical results from bivariate Error Correction Model (ECM) reveal a statistically significant long-term relation between the two exchanges. However, the results from Granger Causality tests indicate absence of short-term relationships between them. To unveil Granger Causality in a dynamic context, we use out-of-sample testing via Impulse-Response Functions (IRF) and Variance Decompositions (VDC.) Interestingly, both tests show that performance of TASE does affect its archrival. Keywords: Al-Quds index; Tel Aviv - 100 index; financial market theory of development; bivariate error correction model ABSTRAK Kajian ini menjurus kepada keinginan mencari potensi keseimbangan dan hubungan dinamik di antara dua pasaran saham berjiran di rantau bergolak – Palestine Stock Exchange (PEX) dan Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE). Berdasarkan kepada Teori Pembangunan Pasaran Kewangan, analisa kadar integrasi ke atas kedua-dua pasaran saham dibuat menggunakan ujian kointegrasi Engle-Granger (1987). Data bulanan dikumpul dari Januari 1998 sehingga Februari 2012. Keputusan empirikal daripada analisa Bivariate Model Pembetulan Ralat menunjukkan wujud hubungan signifikan jangka panjang di antara kedua-dua pasaran saham. Walau bagaimanapun, ujian kesan-akibat Granger menunjukkan tiada hubungan jangka pendek yang signifikan. Ujian-ujian ex-post seterusnya menunjukkan bahawa prestasi TASE mempengaruhi pasaran saham Palestine. Kata kunci: Indeks al-Quds, Tel Aviv – 100 indeks; teori pembangunan pasaran kewangan; bivariate model pembetulan ralat
Effect of random variations in microstructure on the development of final creep failure in polycrystalline aggregates

Planar analyses of a unit cell containing many grains are used to study the effect of random variations in the microstructure on failure times in a metal subject to creep at high temperatures. The model accounts for intergranular failure by cavity nucleation and growth to coalescence, or by grain boundary sliding, and the deformations of the grains are represented by power-law creep and elasticity. Two kinds of microstructural variations are considered: variations in the size and shape of grains, and variations in the cavity nucleation properties. Failure times are determined for various levels of deviation from a uniform periodic array of hexagonal grains. For variations in grain geometry, the times are correlated with the relative change in the average density of grain boundary facets, while the variance of the distribution is used for the simulations with random nucleation properties. For each case analysed, the time to first cavity coalescence as well as the time to final failure by link-up of grain boundary microcracks are determined.
LATE MIOCENE FLORA FROM KARLOVO BASIN (SOUTHERN BULGARIA). NEW FLORISTIC AND PALAEOECOLOGICAL DATA

This paper presents the results from taxonomical and palaeoecological analysis of the Late Miocene flora from Karlovo basin. The studied flora comes from borehole C-556 located in the eastern part of the basin. The percentage contribution of individual taxa allowed us to dierentiate the main vegetation types in the area. The pollen data indicate widest distribution of mixed mesophytic forest communities (Quercus, Fagus, Ulmus, Carya, Pterocarya, Carpinus, Betula), existence of hygrophytic (swamp) forests and distribution of the herbaceous palaeocoenoses (high values of Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Apiacea, Asteraceae, Artemisia, Thalictrum, Polygonum, Caryophyllaceae, Cichorioideae, Lamiaceae). According to the pollen data, the palaeoflora from Karlovo basin reflects warm-temperate climate during the studied period.
Cognitive learning outcomes in a cardiac nursing course: A pilot study

This study measured the cognitive learning outcomes of registered nurses who completed a short cardiac nursing course, This course was held in a metropolitan teaching hospital during four weeks in September, 1989. The author grouped the twenty participants into one of two groups according to prior acute cardiac nursing experience; (1) those who had less than six months post­ basic cardiac nursing experience; and (2) those who had six months or more post-basic cardiac nursing experience. A pre-course test and post-course test was given to the participants to measure the dependent variable, that is, cognitive knowledge. Using a case­ comparative design, the results of both groups were then compared to determine what effect prior experience, the independent variable, had on the learning outcomes. That is, which group benefits more from such a course? The study's main purpose was to contribute to the dearth of literature on assessment of cognitive learning outcomes in nursing courses. An adaptation of Stake's Countenance Model of Evaluation (1973) was used which provided a means to propose and test relationships between the variables via three hypotheses. The Gestalt cognitive discovery view of learning formed the theoretical rationale for the study and results were discussed in light of thi9"'vlew.
Modelling of the Microsegregation in CMSX-4 Superalloy and its Homogenisation During Heat Treatment

Microsegregation in the single crystal superalloy CMSX-4 has been studied using electron probe microanalysis, both in the as-cast condition and after solution heat treatment. In order to establish the solidification path, a statistical treatment of the data is proposed, which is based upon the local value of the quantity Cra CR=. Using differential scanning calorimetry and by appealing to a database of thermodynamic parameters, it is shown that the solidification path cannot be explained without acknowledging that backdiffusion occurs. Analysis of the microsegregation remaining after progressive heat treatment reveals that the dendritic and interdendritic regions homogenise at different rates, owing to the presence of the eutectic mixture; there is evidence of up-hill diffusion of solutes in the eutectic region during homogenisation. Simple expressions based upon a sinusoidal variation of composition are inadequate for the estimation of homogenisation times. A coupled thermodynamic/kinetic theory is able to explain most of the effects which occur, i.e. incipient melting, enrichment of residual y’ by Ta, MO and subsequent 7’ dissolution. Although more work needs to be carried out to better establish the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters required by the model, it is at this stage already useful for the assessment of new superalloy compositions and for the design of optimal heat treatments.
ETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM PAPER SLUDGE USING KLUYVEROMYCES MARXIANUS

Recycled paper sludge is a promising raw material for ethanol production. In this study, we first evaluated the effects of ethanol concentration, solids load, and cellulose crystallinity on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to produce reducing sugars. We then evaluated the production of ethanol by either saccharification and simultaneous fermentation (SSF) or separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) using the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus ATCC 36907. We found that cellulose hydrolysis decreased as ethanol concentrations increased; at 40 g/L ethanol, the reducing sugar production was decreased by 79 %. Hydrolysis also decreased as solids load increased; at 9 % of solids, the cellulose conversion was 76 % of the stoichiometric production. The ethanol yield and cellulose conversion rate were higher with SSF as opposed to SHF processes at 72 h of treatment.
Instaenvy The Role of Social Comparison Orientation in the Relationship Between Exposure to Instagram and the Emotion of Envy

Instagram is one of the fastest growing yet least researched social media platforms of today. The image-oriented nature of Instagram allows its users to literally construct and convey an image of themselves and their lifestyles. This can lead to the manipulation of reality and idealised self-presentation where individuals depict themselves in ways that meet the ideals of society. While Instagram is seen as a fun way of creating and interacting, these idealised self-presentational posts can possibly be harmful to individuals who have high Social Comparison Orientations (SCO) and are prone to compare themselves with others. This research aimed to further the understanding of the relationship between the frequency of exposure to Instagram and the emotion of envy while exploring if Social Comparison Orientation acts as a moderator or mediator of this relationship. Data was collected through an online survey distributed through social media and personal contacts. The survey questions were based on scales from previous studies on SCO and social media use. The collected data was analysed using Hayes’ PROCESS macro for SPSS in order to determine whether SCO was significant as a moderator or mediator. This research found that SCO was a statistically significant mediator rather than a moderator of the relationship between exposure to Instagram and the emotion of envy. The results showed that exposure to Instagram was positively related to SCO, which in turn was positively related to the emotion of envy. Keywords​: ​Instagram, Social Comparison Orientation, SCO, Envy, Social Media, Social Networking, SNS, Idealised Self-Presentation
Cluster-like resistive switching of SrTiO3:Nb surface layers

The understanding of the resistive switching mechanisms in perovskites is of particular importance for the development of novel non-volatile memories. Nanoscale investigations recently revealed that in the model material SrTiO3 a filamentary type of switching is present. In this paper, we show that upon donor doping with Nb the switching type changes fundamentally. We report on the observation of conducting clusters that can be switched independently between a high resistance and a low resistance state when applying a voltage. Furthermore, we show that the resistive switching takes place in a semiconducting surface layer on top of the metallic bulk of SrTiO3:Nb single crystals, which can change its properties easily under external gradients. Based on various measurements, we postulate that ionic movements leading to the creation of secondary phases as nano-filaments between the clusters have to be taken into account in modelling the resistive switching.
Fast and Accurate Approximation of Shape Thickness Distribution in Arbitrary Dimension

We present a fast and accurate approximation of the Euclidean thickness distribution computation of a binary shape in arbitrary dimension. Thickness functions associate a value representing the local thickness for each point of a binary shape. When considering with the Euclidean metric, a simple definition is to associate with each point x, the radius of the largest ball inscribed in the shape containing x. Such thickness distributions are widely used in many applications such as medical imaging or material sciences and direct implementations could be time consuming. In this paper, we focus on fast algorithms to extract such distribution on shapes in arbitrary dimension.
Node Repositioning Method based on Topology Information in IEEE 802.16j Relay Networks

IEEE 802.16j relay networks can provide widearea wireless broadband service. In these networks, the locations of relay nodes and the topology are important factors in achieving high performance. In particular, radio wave interference must be considered when establishing node locations. However, nodes are generally deployed in limited areas and cannot be moved to arbitrary positions. In this paper, we propose a node repositioning method that works within these constraints to improve network performance and that utilizes only topology information. Since the computational cost is high for assessing all possible node positions, the proposed method limits the number of candidate nodes to be repositioned on the basis of topology information. We examine the effectiveness of the proposed method through simulation experiments and show that a performance improvement of up to 28% is realized and nearly optimal results are obtained, but at much lower computational cost than an exhaustive search. KeywordsIEEE 802.16j; relay network; node repositioning; network performance improvement.