Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trending Current Accounts

Trending current accounts pose a challenge for intertemporal open-economy macro models. This paper shows that a two-country representative-agent business cycle model is able to explain the historical time-paths of the US and Japanese current accounts, both of which display trends but in opposite directions. Households have a state-dependent subjective discount factor such that they become relatively impatient (patient) when societal consumption is abnormally high (low). We present agents in the model with historical observations on the exogenous state variables, run the economy, and compare the current account implied by the model with the data. We find that the model generates national saving behavior that matches the current account's trend. Investment dynamics are important for explaining current account fluctuations around the trend, but not for the trend itself. The model also accounts for the timing of cyclical current account fluctuations around the trend.
Identifiable Route Retrieval for Multicasting in MANETS

In modern days, Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are used widely for applications that need mobility while routing, more significantly for emergency and military operations. Routing information to nodes without a permanent infrastructure and with dynamically changing infrastructure is one of the greatest challenges. Multicasting is a more frequent requirement for such protection operations, which adds on to the level of difficulty while routing. In order to overcome this problem, the two protocols exist in the literature providing different solutions to delivering data to various destinations at mobility. However, these strategies are either of better complexity or the cost is high. In this paper, we propose Identifiable Route Retrieval for Multicasting (IR2M) in MANETs to use the route familiarity of nodes efficiently to construct routes to destinations. The performance of this algorithm is analyzed using the simulations in the network simulator. Keywords—Ad hoc network, multicasting, node selection, Quality-of-Service (QoS)
A Numerical Method For Solving Ricatti Differential Equations

By adding a suitable real function on both sides of the quadratic Riccati differential equation, we propose a weighted type of AdamsBashforth rules for solving it, in which moments are used instead of the constant coefficients of Adams-Bashforth rules. Numerical results reveal that the proposed method is efficient and can be applied for other nonlinear problems.
The Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project (CFMIP) Diagnostic Codes Catalogue – metrics, diagnostics and methodologies to evaluate, understand and improve the representation of clouds and cloud feedbacks in climate models

Abstract. The CFMIP Diagnostic Codes Catalogue assembles cloud metrics, diagnostics and methodologies, together with programs to diagnose them from general circulation model (GCM) outputs written by various members of the CFMIP community. This aims to facilitate use of the diagnostics by the wider community studying climate and climate change. This paper describes the diagnostics and metrics which are currently in the catalogue, together with examples of their application to model evaluation studies and a summary of some of the insights these diagnostics have provided into the main shortcomings in current GCMs. Analysis of outputs from CFMIP and CMIP6 experiments will also be facilitated by the sharing of diagnostic codes via this catalogue. Any code which implements diagnostics relevant to analysing clouds – including cloud–circulation interactions and the contribution of clouds to estimates of climate sensitivity in models – and which is documented in peer-reviewed studies, can be included in the catalogue. We very much welcome additional contributions to further support community analysis of CMIP6 outputs.
Conversion of a Russian dependency treebank into HPSG derivations

The Russian syntactic treebank SynTagRus is annotated with dependency structures in line with the Meaning-Text Theory (MTT). In order to benefit from the detailed syntactic annotation in SynTagRus and facilitate the development of a Russian Resource Grammar (RRG) in the framework of Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG), we need to convert the dependency structures into HPSG derivation trees. Our pilot study has shown that many of the constructions can be converted systematically with simple rules. In order to extend the depth and coverage of this conversion, we need to implement conversion heuristics that produce linguistically sound HPSG derivations. As a result we obtain a structured set of correspondences between MTT surface syntactic relations and HPSG phrasal types, which enable the cross-theoretical transfer of insightful syntactic analyses and formalized deep linguistic knowledge. The converted treebank SynTagRus++ is annotated with HPSG structures and of crucial importance to the RRG under development, as our goal is to ensure an optimal and efficient grammar engineering cycle through dynamic coupling of the treebank and the grammar.
Selective functionalization of electrospun fibres

The principal objective of a new generation of tissue engineering scaffolds is to reproduce the spatial and biochemical microenvironmental characteristics of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) with the purpose of modulating the cell response and consequently enhance tissue repair. There is an enormous variety of scaffolding approaches that highly depend on the biomaterial selection, on the fabrication technique used and on the specific function of the scaffold. In this study, bioactive electrospun scaffolds made of PolyActive (Poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate) / Poly(buylene terephthalate) (PEOT/PBT)) copolymer, capable of combining a spatially organized structure with bioactive factors, was developed. The design and fabrication strategies used to create the scaffolds allow the tailoring of the scaffold’s function by manipulating the introduction of specific chemical groups on its surface for further selective immobilization of complex biomolecules, resulting in the desired cell response. In one approach, the surface of both 300PEOT55PBT45 (PA 300) and 1000PEOT70PBT30 (PA 1000) electrospun fibres were modified via UV exposure, resulting in the introduction of specific functional groups able to improve the protein adsorption process and consequently increase the available areas for cell attachment. A spatial definition of protein adsorption was accomplished by exposing the fibres via patterned mask. An alternative strategy consisted of electrospinning PA 300 fibres with incorporated chemical groups for later functionalization. Alkyne and NHS-esters functional groups were successfully incorporated on the surface of the electrospun fibres via the introduction of specific PEG linkers ((bis)PEG-alkyne and (bis)PEG-SVA) in the electrospinning blend solution. This innovative methodology can be adopted for multiple tissue engineering applications since specific chemical groups can be introduced onto the surface of electrospun fibres, leading to a meticulous selection of the biochemical elements that will be adsorbed and consequently to a detailed control of the cell behaviour.
THE PREVALENCE OF VAGINAL CARRIER OF GROUP B STREPTOCOCCAL (GBS) AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING MATERNITY AT MUSTAFA-KHOMEINI HOSPITAL, ILAM

Abstract The group B streptococcus or agalactiae streptococcus is gram positive bacteria. These organisms are normal flora of women genital and gastrointestinal tracts, which may cause early onset infection in new born infants and pregnant women. Severe infection of GBS may cause infection like meningitis, sepsis etc in new born infants. Determining the level of GBS carriage in the genital tract of pregnant mothers is useful for prophylaxis purposes and reducing the GBS infection. The present study was conducted on pregnant women, with pregnancy age of 35 weeks or more, who referred to Mustafa Khomeini, Ilam, from January 2014 to December 2015. Total 90 vaginal fluid samples were extracted from the vagina of pregnant women and Group B strep strains were identified by using cultivation methods. Antibiotic sensitivity of the samples were determined by disc-diffusion method. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 18. Chi-square and T-test were used as appropriated. Results of the present study revealed the incidence rate of Group B strep strains turned out to be 4.4% in pregnant women referring to Mustafa Khomeini, Ilam, during the study period. The Group B Strep colonization was also significantly associated (P<0.05) with the number of previous pregnancies. High prevalence of group B Streptococcus in pregnant women and their impact on the incidence of infection in both mothers and infants, screening is of crucial importance for pregnant women prior to giving birth. Considering high sensitivity of strains to Clindamycin, Vancomycin, and Cefazolin, it is recommended to consider these factors as the preferred treatment of infections caused by GBS.
An Assessment of Nonequilibrium Dynamics in Rangelands of the Aru Basin, Northwest Tibet, China

Abstract An assessment of nonequilibrium rangeland dynamics was conducted in the Aru basin, a semiarid site located in the very dry northwest part of the Chang Tang Nature Reserve, Tibet, China. A grazing gradient approach was used to examine the effects of different livestock grazing intensities on vegetation, providing data to determine if plant–herbivore interaction has been a major structuring force of the plant community and thus to indicate what type of dynamic might apply in the study area. No significant differences were found between a highly grazed site and a lightly grazed site in vegetation cover, standing biomass, and Shannon–Wiener species diversity index of total, graminoid, forb, and tomtza (Oxytropis glacialis Benth. ex Bunge) functional groups, with the exception that tomtza coverage was significantly higher at the highly grazed (1.04%) than at the lightly grazed site (0.02%). Grazing intensity alone did not explain a significant amount of variation in the plant species data. These results indicate that a dominance of nonequilibrium dynamics appears to be the case in the basin, probably one of the least-arid sites in the northwest Chang Tang region of the Tibetan Plateau. Thus, opportunistic livestock management strategies adapted to variable vegetation production from year to year, rather than the setting of a rigid stocking rate that assumes a stable carrying capacity, is probably the most plausible approach for managing livestock and its relationship to biodiversity values in this region.
Selecting the optimal concentration of nutrients, dispersant and diesel oil to enhance metabolic activity and diesel oil consumption by marine endogenous microbiota at 15°C.

In this paper we present our results concerning further screening for optimal concentration of dispersant (Nacol C), nutrients and diesel oil to sustain metabolic activity of marine autochthonous microbiotain order to enhance the biological consumption of diesel oil. The results show that the overall metabolic activity (reported as ng reduced resazurine/hour/wheel), is decreased by diesel addition (10% final “concentration”) either in the absence or in the presence of dispersant (Nacol C 1/10.000 dilution); inorganic nutrients additions (both ammonium acetate and ammonium phosphate 0.5%) greatly (4 to 10 times) increase the rate of resazurine reduction whereas further organic nutrient addition sustains an even higher rate of resazurine reduction. Diesel oil consumption is 1.5 times enhanced by dispersant addition but organic and/or inorganic nutrients additions do not have a further effect on diesel consumption, the values obtained being within the level of standard deviations.
19th century glacier retreat in the Alps preceded the emergence of industrial black carbon deposition on high-alpine glaciers

Abstract. Light absorbing aerosols in the atmosphere and cryosphere play an important role in the climate system. Their presence in ambient air and snow changes the radiative properties of these systems, thus contributing to increased atmospheric warming and snowmelt. High spatio-temporal variability of aerosol concentrations and a shortage of long-term observations contribute to large uncertainties in properly assigning the climate effects of aerosols through time. Starting around AD 1860, many glaciers in the European Alps began to retreat from their maximum mid-19th century terminus positions, thereby visualizing the end of the Little Ice Age in Europe. Radiative forcing by increasing deposition of industrial black carbon to snow has been suggested as the main driver of the abrupt glacier retreats in the Alps. The basis for this hypothesis was model simulations using elemental carbon concentrations at low temporal resolution from two ice cores in the Alps. Here we present sub-annually resolved concentration records of refractory black carbon (rBC; using soot photometry) as well as distinctive tracers for mineral dust, biomass burning and industrial pollution from the Colle Gnifetti ice core in the Alps from AD 1741 to 2015. These records allow precise assessment of a potential relation between the timing of observed acceleration of glacier melt in the mid-19th century with an increase of rBC deposition on the glacier caused by the industrialization of Western Europe. Our study reveals that in AD 1875, the time when rBC ice-core concentrations started to significantly increase, the majority of Alpine glaciers had already experienced more than 80 % of their total 19th century length reduction, casting doubt on a leading role for soot in terminating of the Little Ice Age. Attribution of glacial retreat requires expansion of the spatial network and sampling density of high alpine ice cores to balance potential biasing effects arising from transport, deposition, and snow conservation in individual ice-core records.
How wrong is the BARCAST climate field reconstruction technique in reconstructing a climate with long-range memory ?

The skill of the state-of-the-art climate field reconstruction technique BARCAST ("Bayesian Algorithm for Reconstructing Climate Anomalies in Space and Time") to reconstruct temperature with pronounced long-range memory (LRM) characteristics is tested. A novel technique for generating fields of target data has been developed and is used to provide ensembles of LRM stochastic processes with a prescribed spatial covariance structure. Based on different parameter setups, hypothesis testing in the spectral domain is used to investigate if the field and spatial mean reconstructions are consistent with 5 either the fractional Gaussian noise (fGn) null hypothesis used for generating the target data, or the autoregressive model of order one (AR1) null hypothesis which is the assumed temporal evolution model for the reconstruction technique. The study reveals that the resulting field and spatial mean reconstructions are consistent with the fGn hypothesis for some of the tested parameter configurations, while others are in better agreement with the AR(1) model. There are local differences in reconstruction skill and reconstructed scaling characteristics between individual grid cells, and the agreement with the fGn model is 10 generally better for the spatial mean reconstruction than at individual locations. Our results demonstrate that the use of target data with a different spatiotemporal covariance structure than the BARCAST model assumption can lead to a potentially biased CFR reconstruction and associated confidence intervals.
Relationships between the elite athlete identification and sport commitment for Japanese collegiate athletes

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between an elite athlete identification and sport commitment in Japanese collegiate athletes. Participants were four hundred twelve Japanese collegiate athletes. Results indicated that collegiate athlete who strongly internalized the elite athlete’s identity had formed more sport commitment than those who did not. This study suggests that elite athletes might affect sports participation behavior of collegiate athletes in Japan.
Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Phytoplankton Pigments in the Central Pacific Ocean along 175°E during the Boreal Summers of 1992 and 1993

The long meridional (175°E, 48°N‐8°S) distribution of phytoplankton pigments was investigated in the central Pacific Ocean during the boreal summers of 1992 and 1993 by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The sampling periods were under El Nino conditions. The distribution patterns of the chemotaxonomical pigments for eukaryotic phytoplankton were characterised: 19′-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin (a prymnesiophyte marker) and 19′-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin (a pelagophyte marker) were detected throughout the whole study area, fucoxanthin (a diatom marker) was observed north of Kuroshio Extension, and peridinin (a dinoflagellate marker) was found at the stations both north of the Kuroshio Extension and the equatorial area, and the abundance of these pigments detected was not significantly changed (non-parametric one-way ANOVA, P > 0.05) in the whole study area during the two sampling periods. However, the abundance of prokaryotic photoautotrophs (prochlorophytes and cyanobacteria) at the North Pacific subtropical gyre and the equatorial region during the boreal summers of 1993 was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that during the boreal summer of 1992 as estimated by their chemotaxonomical marker, zeaxanthin. The high prokaryotic phytoplankton biomass during the boreal summer of 1993 was also calculated by using the algorithm of Letelier et al. (1993) for partioning total chlorophyll a biomass into contributions by major phytoplankton taxa. The North Pacific subtropical gyre has generally been thought to support a homogeneous, stable biological community, but our result suggests that the abundance of prokaryotic phytoplankton in this gyre may be spatially and temporally variable, and these change can affect primary production and zooplankton biomass.
A Backtracking Symbolic Execution Engine with Sound Path Merging

Software vulnerabilities are a major security threat and can often be exploited by an attacker to intrude into systems. One approach to mitigation is to automatically analyze software source code in order to find and remove software bugs before release. A method for context-sensitive static bug detection is symbolic execution. If applied with approximate path coverage, it faces the state explosion problem. The number of paths in the program execution tree grows exponentially with the number of decision nodes in the program for which both branches are satisfiable. In combination with the standard approach using the worklist algorithm with state cloning, this also leads to exponential memory consumption during analysis. This paper considers a source-level symbolic execution engine which uses backtracking of symbolic states instead of state cloning, and extends it with a sound method for merging redundant program paths, based on live variable analysis. An implementation as plugin extension of the Eclipse C/C++ development tools (CDT) is described. The resulting analysis speedup through path merging is evaluated on the buffer overflow test cases from the Juliet test suite for static analyzers on which the original engine had been evaluated. Keywords–Static analysis; Symbolic execution.
Developing a personalised virtual coach ‘Denk je zèlf!’ for emotional eaters through the design of emotion-enriched personas

Obesity is a fast-growing societal threat, causing chronic conditions, physical and psychological health problems, as well as sickness absence and heavy healthcare costs. Despite numerous attempts to promote physical activity and healthy diet, existing interventions do not focus on the common emotional causes of obesity. There is a need for self-management support of this vulnerable target group: emotional eaters. This paper presents the results of the design case study focusing on a holistic design and evaluation of a personalised virtual mHealth coach that provides self-management training ‘Denk je zelf! ’ (Dutch for ‘Develop a wise mind and counsel yourself’). The target group are young adults with an emotional eating disorder and who are obese. The contextual inquiry study was conducted to gain insights into the needs and experiences of the target users, including interviews and questionnaires with emotional eaters, patients undergoing obesity treatment, and healthcare practitioners. Personas and the use-case scenario were derived from these results and translated into the new ‘Denk je zelf! ’ virtual coach, based on Dialectical Behaviour Therapy and experience sampling measures to capture user experience and emotional state. The main contributions of this paper are: (a) combining holistic eHealth design, behavior chain analysis, and dialectic behaviour therapy in one personalised virtual mHealth coaching application for emotional eaters; (b) applying emotionenriched Personas to guide the design; (c) the results of the initial user evaluation. Preliminary results suggest that the ‘Denk je zelf! ’ virtual coach is useful for helping the target group. Future research will be aimed at further iterative (re)- design and evaluation, as well as development of the dialectical dialogues for the virtual coach and content for the education and instruction modules.
Genetic Identification of Symbiodinium in Genus Acropora off Farur Island, Persian Gulf

Coral reefs which form some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth support many symbiotic relationships. Symbiodinium can provide up to 90% of a coral's energy requirements. Temperature rise, turbid water and high salinity in the Persian Gulf were among the factors separating zooxanthellae from corals and result in bleaching phenomenon. Therefore, it is crucial to identify Symbiodinium of the Persian Gulf corals. Since zooxanthellae identification according to morphological characteristics is not precise enough, today, Symbiodinium different clades are identified using molecular techniques. In this study, Symbiodinium of genus Acropora as a dominant scleractinian coral in Farur Island, northern Persian Gulf were identified using molecular techniques. For this reason, sampling from depth of 7-10 meters was carried out. After DNA extraction, the target gene which was large subunit ribosomal RNA (28S rDNA) gene was amplified, using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Then the amplified fragments analyzed, by sequencing, and Symbiodinium clade was identified, using phylogenetic tree, and the situation of considered clade and its phylogenetic association with other studied samples in Iran and other parts of the world were defined. The results showed that clade D was the only symbiont of Acropora off Farur Island. Since clade D is the most resistant clade against environmental changes, it is natural to identify this clade from Symbiodinium in Persian Gulf specific conditions.