Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Urgency Urinary Incontinence Among Older Mexican American Women Aged 65 years and Older

The purpose of this study was to determine which socio-demographic, clinical, or functional factors are associated with urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) over 20-years of follow-up in a community-dwelling sample of Mexican American women aged 65 years and older without UUI at baseline. We included 1,358 women participants from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly study conducted in the southwestern of US (Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas). Measures included self-reported UUI, socio-demographics, smoking status, body mass index, medical conditions, depressive symptoms, physical and cognitive function, and handgrip strength. We used generalized estimating equation models to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of UUI as a function of socioeconomic, clinical, and functional factors. Self-reported UUI increased from 3.1% to 21.9% from baseline (1993/1994) to follow-up (2012/2013). Current smokers, obesity, arthritis, previous heart attacks, and depressive symptoms were factors associated with greater odds of UUI over time. Identification of these factors can help clinicians determine those at high risk of developing UUI. Preventing and/or treating the risk factors early may delay UUI and increase quality of life in this underserved population.
Controller design and stability analysis of grid connected DC microgrid

— The DC microgrids are desired to provide the electricity for the remote areas which are far from the main grid. The microgrid gets popularity because DC power source such as photovoltaic (PV), battery bank and fuel cell can be interconnected without AC/DC converters. The stochastic nature of PV power and variation in the demand are responsible for voltage fluctuations in the DC microgrids. The voltage stability is a most important issue in case of DC microgrids. The challenging thing is to maintain the microgrid voltage upto a reference value for the variable load. This paper focuses on the designing a controller to obtain the voltage stability of microgrid. The two controllers (PI and fuzzy logic PI (FL-PI)) are designed to the voltage stability analysis of DC microgrid. Real-time simulation results show that upon appropriate choice of controller parameters, the DC microgrid voltage can be kept constant regardless of wide range of voltage variations of the source and load. The simulation results show the comparison of two controllers. The FL-PI controller shows much better performance than the conventional PI controller for the DC grid voltage control. With the inclusion of the proposed controllers the controlled voltage will obtained, whatever may be the load and its variation.
A Chemical Investigation of the Antioxidant Capacity of Extracts from Red Macroalga Gracilaria domingensis

Extracts that were obtained with solvents of increasing polarity (hexane, dichloromethane, methanol, 80% methanol, and water) from the red macroalga Gracilaria domingensis were evaluated by reducing power with ferric reduction antioxidant power (FRAP) and Folin–Ciocalteu (FC) assays, lipid peroxidation inhibition by β-carotene-linoleic acid assay, and metal chelating ability based on the iron-ferrozine system. The highest antioxidant capacity was reported for the hexane (Hx) extract by the FRAP, metal chelating, and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. An activity-guided fractionation of the Hx extract was carried out for the identification of its active constituents. The primary components were the most active antioxidant compounds. Despite the high antioxidant activities, the Hx extract was not active in the FC assay. In this assay, the activities were found in the methanol (M) and 80% methanol (80M) extracts. The FC assay is commonly used to measure the total phenolic compounds. However, no phenolic compounds were detected by GC-MS and HPLC analyses in the M and 80M extracts. Thus, non-phenolic components influenced the FC assay. The M and 80M extracts showed high content of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). A fraction contained two MAAs (porphyra-334 and shinorine) (156 mg GAE·g−1) showed a similar performance to the values that were found for well-known antioxidants (BHT = 156 mg GAE·g−1 and Trolox = 166 mg GAE·g−1) and 30 times higher than those of the original extracts (~5 mg GAE·g−1) in the FC assay. Thus, MAAs contribute to the antioxidant activities that were observed in the FC assay within the studied samples. Together, these results advance our understanding of the antioxidant properties of algal extracts.
Low power differential colpitts injection-locked frequency dividers using 0.18 μm CMOS technology

ABSTRACT In this work, two new LC injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs) based on voltage-controlled oscillator are proposed. One of the proposed circuits is a divide-by-2 and the other is a divide-by-3 ILFD which are realized with a current-switching colpitts LC oscillator with one/two injection capacitors, respectively. A theoretical analysis is presented which confirms the operating principle of the proposed circuits. At the supply voltage of 1.5 V, the power consumption of the divide-by-2 and divide-by-3 ILFDs is 1.581 and 1.608 mW, respectively. At the incident power of 5 dBm, the locking range of divide-by-2 divider is from the incident frequency of 10.16 to 11.33 GHz and for divide-by-3 divider is 9.08 to 10.1 GHz. The proposed ILFDs were designed using a TSMC 0.18 μm RF CMOS technology. Additionally, the Monte Carlo simulation is performed to estimate the accuracy of the proposed circuit performances under various device mismatches.
A Linear Heat Unit System for Tomatoes in California1

A 43°F base was investigated in connection with a linear heat unit system for tomatoes in California. This base served to predict plant development in early stages of growth and provided a means for scheduling plantings. Intervals established between plantings in the spring were maintained at harvest in 2 out of 3 years. Exceptionally warm temperatures in July and August of the third year apparently delayed maturity of early plantings and resulted in a harvest season shorter than expected.
An Analytical Method for Determining Forces within a Triad

The paper presents an original analytical method used in determining the forces within a triad structural group. If the triad is in the mechanical equivalent of the transistor in electronics, representing a very useful structural group, while the transistor is no longer a puzzlement from a long time period, the triad was not too studied analytically, generally being approached by graphic design methods, very elaborated, sometimes very difficult. For this reason, this paper tries to fill a gap in this field. A concrete example of calculation is also presented.
Is TU UMi a W UMa-type system?

TU UMi was discovered as a variable star by Hipparcos satellite (ESA 1997) and catalogued as a ‐ Sct star by Kazarovets et al. (1999). Analysis of new photometric observations carried through the years 2001 and 2002 is presented. The frequency obtained is in good agreement with that given by the Hipparcos Catalogue. Using the derived uvbyfl indices we propose that this star could be a W UMa-type eclipsing binary system.
Improving remote sensing estimation of Secchi disk depth for global lakes and reservoirs using machine learning methods

ABSTRACT Secchi disk depth (SDD) is a simple but particularly important indicator for characterizing the overall water quality status and assessing the long-term dynamics of water quality for diverse global waters. For this reason, countless efforts have been made to collect SDD data from the field and through remote sensing systems. Many empirical and semianalytical algorithms have been proposed to estimate SDD from different satellite images for a specific or regional water. However, the construction of a robust global SDD estimation model is still challenging due to the nonlinear response of SDD to optical properties and the complex physical and biogeochemical processes of different waters. Therefore, machine learning methods to better interpret nonlinear processes were used to improve remote sensing estimations of SDD for global lakes and reservoirs based on a global matchup dataset from Landsat TM (N = 4099), ETM+ (N = 2420), and OLI (N = 1249) covering in situ SDD from 0.01 m to over 18 m. Overall, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and random forest (RF) had better SDD retrievals than back propagation neural network, support vector regression, empirical and quasi-analytical models showing high precision with mean relative error of approximately 30% and good agreements with the long-term in situ SDD in different waters with various optical properties. Our results can support long-term global-level water quality evaluation and thus making informed decisions about development policy.
Identification of stable quantitative trait loci for grain yield in rice

Abstract The objective of this work was to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with grain yield in a rice segregant population (GYP). A population of 245 inbred recombinant rice lines from the 'Epagri 108' (Oryza sativa subsp. indica) x 'IRAT 122' (O. sativa subsp. japonica) cross was evaluated at different locations and years and genotyped by single nucletide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A map of 1,592.8 cM was obtained from 9,831 SNPs, identifying 25 QTLs. The following nine SNPs showed stability between the different environments: M1.37719614 and M6.9563117 for GYP; M4.29340056, M5.25588710, M7.29115624, and M12.4534450 for 100-grain weight (HGW); and M1.38398157, M4.28368337, and M7.25991230 for plant height (PH). Six SNPs were not present in the linkage blocks: M6.9563117 and M4.1077080 for GYP; M5.25588710 and M6.8886398 for HGW; and M2.34471005 and M8.5955948 for PH. The M6.9563117 and M5.25588710 SNPs were considered environmentally stable and were not present in the linkage blocks, showing their high potential for use in marker-assisted selection for grain yield in Brazilian rice breeding programs.
Split Ring Resonator Network and Diffused Sensing Element Embedded in a Concrete Beam for Structural Health Monitoring

The aim of this work is to propose two different and integrated sensors for the structural health monitoring of concrete beams. In particular, a diffused sensing element and a split ring resonator network are presented. The first sensor is able to detect the variations in the dielectric properties of the concrete along the whole beam length, for a diffuse monitoring both during the important concrete curing phase and also for the entire life cycle of the concrete beams. The resonators instead work punctually, in their surroundings, allowing an accurate evaluation of the permittivity both during the drying phase and after. This allows the continuous monitoring of any presence of water both inside the concrete beam and at points that can be critical, in the case of beams in dams, bridges or in any case subject to a strong presence of water which could lead to deterioration, or worse, cause serious accidents. Moreover, the punctual sensors are able to detect the presence of cracks in the structure and to localize them.
MoS2 Transistors with Low Schottky Barrier Contact by Optimizing the Interfacial Layer Thickness

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has attracted great attention from researchers because of its large band gap, good mechanical toughness and stable physical properties; it has become the ideal material for the next-generation optoelectronic devices. However, the large Schottky barrier height (ΦB) and contact resistance are obstacles hampering the fabrication of high-power MoS2 transistors. The electronic transport characteristics of MoS2 transistors with two different contact structures are investigated in detail, including a copper (Cu) metal–MoS2 channel and copper (Cu) metal–TiO2-MoS2 channel. Contact optimization is conducted by adjusting the thickness of the TiO2 interlayer between the metal and MoS2. The metal-interlayer-semiconductor (MIS) structure with a 1.5 nm thick TiO2 layer has a smaller Schottky barrier of 22 meV. The results provide insights into the engineering of MIS contacts and interfaces to improve transistor characteristics.
An Efficient Class-Constrained DBSCAN Approach for Large-Scale Point Cloud Clustering

To better interpret the scene and facilitate the subsequent processing of large-scale point cloud, clustering is often implemented in the preprocessing stage. However, when the original density-based spatial clustering of application with noise (DBSCAN) approach is used for point cloud clustering, it is easy to categorize closely spaced vegetation points and nonvegetation points into the same cluster by mistake. Aiming at the problem, this article presents an improved DBSCAN by embedding a strategy of class constraint, which is called CC-DBSCAN. Specially, based on the RGB and label information of each point in the training samples, by using the logistic regression model, the logistic regression color index (LRCI) is calculated for each point in the clustering samples. Then, points to be clustered are classified as vegetation points and nonvegetation points through the LRCI. Furtherly, the class information of point is introduced as a constraint for ensuring the core point and its directly density-reachable points belong to the same class, thus, solving the problem that confusion cluster of the adjacent vegetation points and nonvegetation points. We evaluate our approach on the benchmark SensatUrban dataset, where Cambridge_28 scene dataset is taken as the training set and Cambridge_18 scene dataset is as the dataset to be clustered. Experimental results show that our method achieved 97.20% purity of point cluster, which outperforms the other DBSCAN methods. At the same time, it takes only 24.25 s for clustering 2 million points, which indicates that CC-DBSCAN has high computational efficiency and good practicability.
Multiple Objects and Road Detection in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles have greater potential to widely used in military and civil applications. Additionally equipped with the cameras can also be used in agriculture and surveillance. Aerial imagery has its own unique challenges that differ from the training set of modern-day object detectors, since it is made of images of larger areas compared to the regular datasets and the objects are very small on the contrary. These problems do not allow us to use common object detection models. Currently there are many computer vision algorithm that are designed using human centric photographs, But from the top view imagery taken vertically the objects of interest are small and fewer features mostly appearing flat and rectangular, certain objects closer to each other can also overlap. So detecting most of the objects from the birds eye view is a challenging task. Hence the work will be focusing on detecting multiple objects from those images using enhanced ResNet, FPN, FasterRCNN models thereby providing an effective surveillance for the UAV and extraction of road networks from aerial images has fundamental importance.
Biopolymeric Prodrug Systems as Potential Antineoplastic Therapy

Nowadays, cancer represents a major public health issue, a substantial economic issue, and a burden for society. Limited by numerous disadvantages, conventional chemotherapy is being replaced by new strategies targeting tumor cells. In this context, therapies based on biopolymer prodrug systems represent a promising alternative for improving the pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic properties of drugs and reducing their toxicity. The polymer-directed enzyme prodrug therapy is based on tumor cell targeting and release of the drug using polymer–drug and polymer–enzyme conjugates. In addition, current trends are oriented towards natural sources. They are biocompatible, biodegradable, and represent a valuable and renewable source. Therefore, numerous antitumor molecules have been conjugated with natural polymers. The present manuscript highlights the latest research focused on polymer–drug conjugates containing natural polymers such as chitosan, hyaluronic acid, dextran, pullulan, silk fibroin, heparin, and polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula.
Quits Versus Discharges Across Job Levels: Revisiting the Positive Side of Turnover

Although the functional effects of turnover have been argued from the earliest research in the field, empirical evidence so far supports a general negative effect on unit performance, and attempts to explore its potential benefits are scarce. It has been argued that one reason for the absence of positive effects has to do with a lack of specificity of the turnover construct. The present study focuses on two sources of specificity: the reason for turnover and the job level of the departing employees. Our objective is to perform integrative research to analyze their joint effects and discuss how the four turnover scenarios created by their combination make their potential benefits of departures salient. We integrate arguments from human and social capital theories with the literature on team adaptation and change to develop our conceptual framework, and test our hypotheses using longitudinal monthly data from 5,202 stores of a large fashion multinational retailer in 39 countries. Our results provide evidence of a curvilinear relationship between staff quits and unit performance, and show that discharges are linearly beneficial both for managerial and staff positions, although at different degrees. Our findings demonstrate that differentiating between quits and discharges matters, and that the relative value conveyed by the job level of the departing employees is a relevant contingency in this distinct effect over performance.
J OURNAL OF W ORLD -S YSTEMS R ESEARCH Anarchist and Anarchistic Anti-Systemic Movements in World-Systems Perspective A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Non-State Spaces

While world-systems anti-systemic movement scholarship has briefly acknowledged the existence of anti-state “cultural” movements—namely, autonomous indigenous movements in the periphery and anarchist worker movements in the core and semi-periphery—it relegates them to secondary importance to statist “political” movements. In this paper, we provide an intervention in the world-systems anti-systemic movements literature by centering anti-state movements in our analysis. In order to investigate the mechanisms essential for anti-state, anti-systemic movements over the longue durée of the world-system, we operationalize a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) using nine cases of non-state spaces from different geographies and historical time periods throughout the world-system. We use a Boolean crisp set, or binary approach, denoting the presence, or absence of factors to determine the pathways that lead to the variation between explicitly anarchist and implicitly anarchistic movements as well as short-term or long-term non-state spaces established by anti-state movements. We find that the core and semi-periphery classification of anarchist movements is false. We also find that non-state spaces succeed when they are not repressed by statist anti-systemic movements or core imperial nation-states. In effect, the anti-systemic political actor replicates the logic of the core nation-state it claims to be opposed to when it comes to its repression of non-state spaces and movements. Prior to the “liberal geoculture” (1848–1968), even core states had difficulty repressing non-state spaces, and after the liberal geoculture semi-periphery and periphery states have had difficulty repressing non-state spaces.
A Radiomics-Based Model with the Potential to Differentiate Growth Hormone Deficiency and Idiopathic Short Stature on Sella MRI

Purpose We hypothesized that a radiomics approach could be employed to classify children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and idiopathic short stature (ISS) on sella magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Accordingly, we aimed to develop a radiomics prediction model for differentiating GHD from ISS and to evaluate the diagnostic performance thereof. Materials and Methods Short stature pediatric patients diagnosed with GHD or ISS from March 2011 to July 2020 at our institution were recruited. We enrolled 312 patients (GHD 210, ISS 102) with normal sella MRI and temporally split them into training and test sets (7:3). Pituitary glands were semi-automatically segmented, and 110 radiomic features were extracted from the coronal T2-weighted images. Feature selection and model development were conducted by applying mutual information (MI) and a light gradient boosting machine, respectively. After training, the model’s performance was validated in the test set. We calculated mean absolute Shapley values for each of the selected input features using the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) algorithm. Volumetric comparison was performed for GHD and ISS groups. Results Ten radiomic features were selected by MI. The receiver operating characteristics curve of the developed model in the test set was 0.705, with an accuracy of 70.6%. When analyzing SHAP plots, root mean squared values had the highest impact in the model, followed by various texture features. In volumetric analysis, sagittal height showed a significant difference between GHD and ISS groups. Conclusion Radiomic analysis of sella MRI may be able to differentiate between GHD and ISS in clinical practice for short-statured children.
DETERMINANTS OF SORGHUM BIOMASS USE FOR LIVESTOCK FEED ACROSS SORGHUM GROWING AGROECOLOGICAL ZONES IN ETHIOPIA

Background. In mixed crop livestock farming systems in Ethiopia, sorghum stover and other crop residues are a strategic livestock feed resource. Farmer’s decisions and intensity of use of sorghum stover for feed than other uses are closely associated with biophysical and socioeconomic characteristics. Objective. This study explores determinants of sorghum biomass uses for livestock feed in three major sorghum growing agroecological zones of Ethiopia. Methodology. Tobit and double hurdle models were run and likelihood ratio test was performed to select most suitable estimation technique. Result. Allocation of sorghum stover for feed showed a significant association with sorghum growing agro-ecological zones, highest in the lowland (86.73%) and the lowest in highland sorghum growing agroecological area (61.75%). Econometric model result revealed that among other factors; availability of feed from grazing and other crop residues had a negative effect on decision to use and intensity of use of sorghum stover for feed. Household’s livestock ownership and family size had positive effects. Implication. Decision variables influenced household’s decision and intensity on use of sorghum stover for feed at three major sorghum growing zone differently. Conclusion. Knowledge generated through this study may help any research and development efforts to enhance productivity of sorghum biomass for livestock feed and livestock improvement strategies.Keywords: Agroecology; Crop residue; Econometric models; Feed resources; Sorghum stover.Keywords: Agroecology; Crop residue; Econometric models; Feed resources; Sorghum stover.