Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy System Modelling: Power Plant Dispatch and Electricity Generation Costs

The growing share of intermittent renewable energy on the electricity production has also an influence on the remaining thermal power plants. The full load hours, especially of fossil fired power plants, are decreasing over time. In the meantime, the energy surplus produced by renewable sources is increasing and without building new controllable power plants, the back-up capacity is decreasing because old fossil fired power plants will shut down. A lot of modelling has been done in this field yielding to very different results. This paper shows a generic approach to the calculation of the power plant dispatch and the electricity generation cost. The main focus is on the influence different scenario assumptions can have on the outcome of the investigation. The aim is to show how important an extensive sensitivity analyses is. As the ambitious climate targets of the government, the strong development of intermittent renewable energies as well as the nuclear phase out provide very good scenarios, the model will be explained on the example of Germany. Keywords—renewable energy; power plant dispatch; electricity generation costs; energy storage
An Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Chaos System and DNA Strand Displacement Model

In this paper, we proposed a novel algorithm for image encryption. In the scheme, three chaotic sequences are generated by Lorenz chaos system. These chaotic sequences are used to permutation and diffusion the digital image. Furthermore, the algorithm introduce the DNA strand displacement reaction model to extract the secret key and then encrypt the image with a combination of XOR operation. The simulation results and security analysis show that our algorithm can successfully encrypts and decrypts the input image and gets a better encryption performance. Meanwhile, the method also has a good ability of resisting attacks. Introduction In recent years, with the rapid development of the Internet, digital images are more and more frequently used by people. However, due to the openness of the network, the sharing of information and the continuous development of hacker technology, attack on image information may harm the business interests and privacy of individuals or organizations. Therefore, scholars have taken a series of measures to ensure the security of image transmission, in which image encryption is one of the most effective way. Because of the redundancy and special storage format of an image, the traditional block ciphers are not very suitable for image encryption. Therefore, a variety of new encryption algorithms been proposed to solve the problem of digital image encryption, such as image encryption algorithm based on modern cryptography, image encryption algorithm based on matrix transformation, image encryption algorithm based on chaos, image encryption algorithm based on secret sharing[1]. However, with the rapid increase of computer hardware and the continuous development of some new computer studies, these algorithms are more easily cracked. In the chaos theory, when the initial conditions have a little changes, the future state of system can be caused extremely large difference through the continuous amplification. In numerous continuous chaos system, Lorenz chaotic system are heavily used in encryption algorithms[2]. However, using chaotic system alone will have some problems like slow encryption speed, too large storage space and vulnerable to suffered the static attacks. Adleman first proposed DNA computation in 1994, and used molecular computation of solutions to combinatorial problems to solve the Hamilton path problem[3]. After the advent of DNA computing and coding techniques, it was focused on by some researchers in the field of image encryption because of its high parallelism and massive storage capacity. DNA strand displacement is the latest developed technology of DNA computing. In the DNA strand displacement reaction, information can be hidden into single strand DNA after complied. Each short DNA single strand(20-80nt) represent a logical signal, change the sequence and length of a single DNA strand can represent an another information, it is easy to encrypt the information. So, we try to use the DNA strand displacement model into image encryption and look forward to get better encryption effect.
Snf1 Mediated Phosphorylation and Activation of PAS Kinase

Snf1 Mediated Phosphorylation and Activation of PAS Kinase Bryan David Badal Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, BYU Master of Science Nutrient sensing kinases sense available nutrients and regulate cell activity accordingly. Three of these enzymes are AMP regulated kinase (AMPK, or Snf1 in yeast), PAS kinase, and target of rapamycin (TOR), are conserved from yeast to man and have overlapping function. AMPK and Snf1 are important in sensing when nutrient status in the cell is low and down regulating energy consuming pathways. PAS kinase is required for glucose homeostasis in the cell, and responds to glucose levels. TOR senses nutrients such as amino acids and upregulates cell growth pathways primarily through protein synthesis. Due to the varying nature of these enzymes, cross talk is expected in order for the cell to properly regulate cellular metabolism and growth in response to energy and nutrient availability. Previous studies have shown that activation of yeast PAS kinase under nutrient stress conditions requires the presence of Snf1. The aim of this thesis is to determine whether Snf1 directly phosphorylates and activates PAS kinase through both in vivo and in vitro approaches. PAS kinase was found to require Snf1 for both activation and phosphorylation in vivo. In vitro kinase assays were also performed to confirm a direct phosphorylation event. The results from this study support the direct phosphorylation and activation of PAS kinase by Snf1, linking cellular energy status to glucose allocation.
Containerisation, Portable Architecture and the Image of Ghanaian Cities

The gains of the urban development strategies have served as pull factors of rural dwellers to the urban centres with negative consequent effect on urban open spaces and corridors in most Ghanaian cities. Owing to the lack of formal employment opportunities, any available space in the cities of Ghana has been taken over by emigrants and residents who hawk around the urban spatial corridors and eventually build Container structures (container architecture) to carry out their commercial activities in more permanent manner. Through a mixed methods and strategies, seven major cities and eight other settlements were explored to better understand and appreciate the spatial and regulatory requirements for planning and design of Container for use in a city/built environment and the design of Containers in Ghanaian socio-cultural and socio-economic milieu. Amongst the key findings is that Ghanaian city-authorities have commoditised the container structures through official registrations for daily collection of fees/taxes without making containerization processes as part of the overall regional/national planning and physical development strategies. Keywords: Architecture, Containerisation, Ephemeralization, Container structures, Commoditisation, Ghanaian cities.
Sentiment Miner: A Novel Unsupervised Framework for Aspect Detection from Customer Reviews

: With the thriving of review sites on the Web, people have begun to express their opinions on a wide variety of products on several services. Sentiment analysis on entities of products thus becomes a rapid and effective way of assessing public opinion for business marketing. Sentiment analysis is the computational study of people’s opinions, attitude, emotion or appraisal pertaining to topics, objects, products, services, organizations, individuals, events or any attributes of them. Aspect detection in sentiment analysis helps customers to effectively navigate product information by zooming in on the product features they are interested in. In this paper we introduce Sentiment Miner, a novel unsupervised framework for aspect detection problem in a sentiment analysis system for online customer reviews. Sentiment Miner tries to detect aspects using a bootstrapping algorithm based on pointwise mutual information measure. The proposed framework considers multi-word aspects as atomic terms by utilizing C-value method. Experimental results show that the Sentiment Miner improves the precision, recall and the F-score, and outperforms the state-of-the-art baseline approach.
Statement validity assessment: myths and limitations

This paper examines the applicability and limitations of one of the procedures most commonly used to analyze the credibility of a testimony, the Statement Validity Assessment (SVA). The starting point for a successful implementation is a thorough consideration of the possible sources that could lead to a statement, following the method of falsifiability of hypotheses. Major errors of use are described and the methods for different scenarios to be analyzed are clarified, considering both the relevance of each procedure and its limitations. In conclusion, the dangers of an incorrect or incomplete implementation of SVA, regardless of the hypotheses and the recommended valuation technique, are pointed out, as long as the risk of overgeneralizing the use of content analysis (CBCA).
Nutritive value of morphological fractions of Sesbania sesban and Desmodium intortum

Nutritive value of morphological fractions of Sesbania sesban [15019] and Desmodium intortum was determined based on their chemical composition, in sacco dry matter (DM) degradability, in vitro gas production and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). In sesbania, neutral detergent fiber (NDFom) and acid detergent fiber (ADFom) contents were higher in twigs and green pods (P twigs > whole forage > leaves. The soluble tannins (STs) content was higher (P twigs > green pods. In the case of desmodium, the twigs had lower CP contents and leaves had lower NDFom, ADFom and ADLsa contents than the other fractions. The STs concentration was highest in leaves and lowest in green pods whereas the CTs concentration was higher in whole forage than in twigs. The washing loss (A) was higher in twigs than the other fractions, while the slowly degradable fraction (B) was higher in green pods than in twigs. In the view of the optimal nutrient contents, supplementation with whole or fractionated forage parts of both sesbania and desmodium can improve the nutritional status of ruminants fed low quality roughages.
Chapter : 3 Materials And Methods

The present study entitled “Isolation and characterization of efflux pump inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus from medicinal plants of Western Himalayas” was carried out at Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh (India), during the year 2013-2017. The plan of work and methodology adopted are presented in this chapter and materials and methods are described under following heads.
PHYLOGENY OF IRANIAN ASTRAGALUS SECT. ONOBRYCHOIDEI DC. (FABACEAE) BASED ON NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA ITS SEQUENCES AND MORPHOLOGICAL DATA

Phylogenetic relationships among 30 species of sect. Onobrychoidei and some related sections are investigated using nrDNA ITS and morphological data. Based on Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian analyses the morphological characters are useful at the sectional level but not at lower taxonomic ranks. Astragalus sect. Onobrychoidei at the current status is not monophyletic. Some members of the section are well intermixed with members of related sections. Another species of the section, A. oligoflorus, is well allied with species of the sect Erioceras at the base of the resulting phylogenetic trees. Analyses confirmed that debatable species A. goktschaicus and A. scapiger are belonging to the sect. Onobrychoidei. A. huthianus (of sect. Craccina) was also placed within sect. Onobrychoidei and it should be classified as a member of lat er section.
The Electron Stopper Layer Effect on Long-Wavelength VCSEL with AsSb-Based DBR Temperature Distribution

In this study, we have theoretically investigated the effect of electron stopper layer on internal temperature distribution of high performance vertical cavity surface-emitting laser emitting at 1305 nm. Simulation software PICS3D, which selfconsistently combines the 3D simulation of carrier transport, self-heating, gain computation and wave-guiding, was used. Simulation results show that change the electron stopper layer properties affect the internal temperature distribution of the device. The temperature of the active region increases compared with the original device. Comparison of temperature distribution in devices with different electron stopper layer confirms that optimized structure operates at maximum temperature.
The quality of marriages formed over the business cycle

We develop a simple search-theoretic model of the marriage market that describes individuals’ marriage, divorce, and remarriage decisions and allows for unemployment. The model predicts that during periods of high unemployment, marriage rates will be lower but the average relationship quality among rst marriages formed will be higher. Higher quality marriages are also less likely to end in divorce. We test this implication of the model using historical (monthly) unemployment rates matched to reported dates of rst marriage and marriage duration among baby boomers (born 1948-1959), as reported in the US Health and Retirement Study. Probit model results indicate that marriages formed when unemployment rates are high are signicantly less likely to end in divorce. A one percentage point increase in the unemployment rates reduces the probability of eventual divorce by 2 percentage points. We also estimate hazard models, including competing risks regressions that allow for marriages to end in widowhood before divorce is observable. The results suggest a one percentage point increase in the unemployment rate reduces the hazard of divorce by 6-7%.
Bactericidal Effect of a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Jet Generated in Laminar and Preturbulent Helium Flows

The bactericidal effect of a helium dielectric barrier discharge plasma jet genof average discharge power and distance of treatment of Escherichia coli cells grown on a nutrient agar surface in a Petri dish. Sizes of bacteria inhibition zones are estimated and morphological changes in ultrastructure of bacterial cells are revealed using electron microscopy. helium plasma jet used to inhibit bacteria. We reveal the different responses of E. coli cells Along with these focal destructions, expansion of cytoplasm and a superhelix of nucleoids are revealed with the preturbulent regime. We explain differences in behavior of cell morphology -
People Like Me Don't Belong Here: Identity Concealment is Associated with Negative Workplace Experiences

In two studies, we examined the impact of concealing (vs. revealing) a stigmatized identity in the context of a recalled or imagined social interaction with one's coworkers. We propose that although people may choose to conceal stigmatized identities in order to increase their chances of acceptance and belonging, identity concealment in fact reduces feelings of belonging and results in negative work-related outcomes. Participants possessing a concealable stigmatized identity (in Study 1: LGB identity, N = 95; in Study 2, LGBT identity, history of mental illness, history of physical illness, or history of poverty, N = 303) were randomly assigned to recall or imagine concealing or revealing their identity at work. We found that concealing (vs. revealing) the identity reduced felt belonging in the recalled or imagined situation, collective self-esteem, job satisfaction, and work-related commitment. Thus, despite its promise to protect individuals against workplace discrimination, identity concealment is associated with deleterious outcomes.
Contemporaneous aggregation of GARCH processes

Abstract. In this article, the effect of contemporaneous aggregation of heterogeneous generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroskedastic (GARCH) processes, as the cross‐sectional size diverges to infinity is studied. We analyse both cases of cross‐sectionally dependent and independent individual processes. The limit aggregate does not belong to the class of GARCH processes. Dynamic conditional heteroskedasticity is only preserved when the individual processes are sufficiently cross‐correlated, although long memory for the limit aggregate volatility is not attainable. We also explore more general forms of cross‐sectional dependence and various types of aggregation schemes.
Microlocal analysis of synthetic aperture radar imaging in the presence of a vertical wall

We consider the problem of imaging a target located nearby a perfectly reflective vertical wall by making use of a SAR system in the case where a single pass is made over the scene of which we expect to be able to reconstruct a two-dimensional image. Many of the conventional methods make the assumption that the wave has scattered just once from the region to be imaged before returning to the sensor to be recorded. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief idea about how this restriction can be partially removed from a microlocal analysis point of view, in the case where the radar is operating with a poor directivity. The simple case where the antenna is flying perpendicularly to the wall is presented here, while a more in-depth study of this method will be analyzed elsewhere.
Promotion and fast food demand: where's the beef?

Many believe that fast food promotion is a significant cause of the obesity epidemic in North America. Industry members argue that promotion only reallocates brand shares and does not increase overall demand. This study weighs into the debate by specifying and estimating a discrete/continuous model of fast food restaurant choice and food expenditure that explicitly accounts for both spatial and temporal determinants of demand. Estimates are obtained using a unique panel of Canadian fast food consumers. The results show that promotion primarily increases demand and has very little effect on restaurant market shares.
A Model of Chemical Mechanical Planarization of Patterned Wafers with Fixed Abrasives

Chemical mechanical polishing ~CMP! has been established as an important enabling technology in the semiconductor industry. It is used routinely for planarizing a variety of films. A review of modeling efforts in CMP in the semiconductor field up to approximately 1995 is given by Nanz and Camilletti, 1 and a review of CMP in the context of glass polishing is provided by Cook. 2 In a typical CMP tool, a wafer with an uneven film deposited on it is held on a polishing head, and relative motion occurs between the surface of the wafer and the surface of a polishing pad in the presence of a liquid containing colloidal abrasive particles. The liquid also contains chemicals that soften the surface of the wafer for removal by the abrasives. After a period of polishing in this manner, the features on the wafer surface are planarized. A variety of polishing tools exist for performing CMP. In recent years, a new type of polishing process has come into use in which the abrasive is embedded in pillars on a polymer pad surface. In this case, the liquid is simply a chemical solution and contains no added particles. This fixed abrasive process is currently being used for polishing oxide patterns in shallow trench isolation ~STI! as noted by Gagliardi and Vo 3 and Lee et al. 4 Whereas conventional CMP of patterned wafers has been modeled in Ref. 5-8, no physically based models are currently available for predicting the rate of step height reduction when a fixed abrasive pad is used. As noted by Lee et al., 4 conventional models are unable to predict the large reduction in polish rate when the pattern density becomes unity, i.e., when the situation becomes one of polishing a blanket wafer; also such models do not predict the observed steep dependence of the polish rate on the pattern density at low pattern densities. Our objective is to present a model of fixed abrasive CMP based on physical principles that correctly predicts the behavior in both limiting situations in a natural way. The model permits the user to calculate the rate of step height reduction on a patterned wafer, given certain measurable geometrical input parameters, and two additional parameters based on physical and chemical features of the system that can be fitted to experimental data in the absence of fundamental information about these features. We restrict the model to the planarization that occurs when a patterned wafer is polished by a fixed abrasive pad or roll containing pillars with embedded abrasives. From hereon, we generically refer to the fixed abrasive system as a pad, even though in STI applications, a roll-to-roll format is used. 3,4 We assume that a chemical solution free of suspended abrasives is used for polishing. This is typically an alkali in the case of oxide polishing. For example, Gagliardi and Vo 3 use a solution of potassium hydroxide at a pH of 12.0.
Response of seabirds to thermal boundaries in the tropical Pacific: the thermocline versus the Equatorial Front

Our 10 yr study is the first to associate seabirds with oceanic boundaries, or fronts, in tropical oceans. It addresses the semi-permanent Equatorial Front, hereafter 'front', a vertical bound- ary lying between the South Equatorial Current (SEC) and North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP). We also consider the subsurface, horizontal thermal boundary created by the thermocline. Our study area included the front and the north and south boundaries of the SEC and NECC respectively, between 100 and 145°W. Our data were based on 45 north-south crossings of this area. The intensity of the front differed with season and phase of the El Nino South- ern Oscillation (ENSO). Densities of planktivorous seabirds, higher at the front than in the SEC or NECC, increased with front intensity (i.e., during autumn/La Nina). Densities of piscivorous seabirds were unaffected by the front, but were related to depth and intensity of the thermocline. Piscivore densities were highest in the NECC, and higher during spring than autumn. Furthermore, they were higher in the western part of the study area, i.e., when and where the thermocline was deepest and most stratified. We suggest that the difference in patterns observed for the tropical planktivorous ver- sus piscivorous seabirds reflects processes that affect the distribution and availability of their respec- tive prey. Zooplankton are concentrated in the surface layer by physical processes that structure the front. Prey fish, on the other hand, are made available by foraging tuna, which drive them to the ocean surface. As a result, the distribution of the piscivorous seabirds is closely tied to that of school- ing surface-feeding tunas, that are most abundant in the NECC. Other studies have shown that tunas spend most of their time near the thermocline. We suggest that this, along with the patterns observed among the piscivorous seabirds, indicate that the tuna's prey aggregate near the thermocline. Specif- ically, most tropical squid and small fishes perform vertical movements to the surface at night. A deeper thermocline, such as that of the NECC, is likely to be attractive to these animals for hiding during the day (when the tuna and birds forage) because of the lack of light at depth, and because of the enriched O2 content of the cold-water layer lying immediately below the warmer surface layer. Hence, by searching on a horizontal plane near the boundary created by a deep, well stratified ther- mal structure, schooling tuna, and thus piscivorous seabirds, are likely to find concentrations of prey more readily than equally abundant prey dispersed throughout a less stratified water column.