Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nucleic Acids Research Genome organization of Artemia mitochondrial DNA

To extend to the crustacean class the information concerning the genomic organization of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) a double strategy has been used: Southern blot analysis with cloned Drosophila mtDNA probes and sequence comparison to the Drosophila mtDNA of the sequenced termini of different subclones along the Artemia mitochondrial genome, probably the smallest mtDNA studied at this level to date. These approaches have allowed us to localize the 16S rRNA gene, two tRNA genes and eleven protein genes. The genome organization is surprisingly similar to the Drosophila mtDNA, with the 16S rRNA and the protein genes located in the same positions and orientations as their Drosophila counterparts. The only changes detected are at the level of tRNA genes, although the position and orientation of some of these are also conserved. These results contrast with the important rearrangements detected among other invertebrates mtDNAs and suggest that the genome organization of the mitochondrial DNA may be more conserved in the arthropods than in other invertebrate phyla.
A cycle of binding and release of the DnaK, DnaJ and GrpE chaperones regulates activity of the Escherichia coli heat shock transcription factor sigma32.

The chaperone system formed by DnaK, DnaJ and GrpE mediates stress‐dependent negative modulation of the Escherichia coli heat shock response, probably through association with the heat shock promoter‐specific sigma32 subunit of RNA polymerase. Interactions of the DnaK system with sigma32 were analysed. DnaJ and DnaK bind free, but not RNA polymerase‐bound, sigma32 with dissociation constants of 20 nM and 5 muM respectively. Association and dissociation rates of DnaJ‐sigma32 complexes are 5900‐ and 20‐fold higher respectively than those of DnaK‐sigma32 complexes in the absence of ATP. ATP destabilizes DnaK‐sigma32 interactions. DnaJ, through rapid association with sigma32 and stimulation of hydrolysis of DnaK‐bound ATP, mediates efficient binding of DnaK to sigma32 in the presence of ATP, resulting in DnaK‐DnaJ‐sigma32 complexes containing ADP. GrpE binding to these complexes stimulates nucleotide release and subsequent complex dissociation by ATP. We propose that the principles of this cycle also operate in other chaperone activities of the DnaK system. DnaK and DnaJ cooperatively inhibit sigma32 activity in heat shock gene transcription and GrpE partially reverses this inhibition. These data indicate that reversible inhibition of sigma32 activity through transient association of DnaK and DnaJ is a central regulatory element of the heat shock response.
Changing paradigms in the management of deep vein thrombosis

In adults diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT), challenges remain in the management of the acute event whilst remaining alert to long‐term morbidity. The addition of non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) to the pharmacopoeia represents the first of a number of recent advancements in the management of DVT. Worldwide, uptake of these agents has been avid, although drug selection, reversal and chronic treatment effects continue to be controversial areas. Multi‐centre studies to evaluate the impact of NOACs on long‐term outcomes, including thrombosis recurrence and post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS), are ongoing. Validation of tools capable of predicting PTS would enable patient selection for early aggressive intervention, such as local thrombolysis. Such interventional strategies are gaining momentum as initial approaches and would benefit from large randomized controlled trials.
Are Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Circuits That Are Primed with Plasmalyte and Stored a Likely Source of Infection?

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has become a standard technique to provide temporary respiratory and cardiovascular support to mature neonate and pediatric patients. Cardiopulmonary bypass allows blood to be oxygenated extra corpus, circumventing the need for gas by the lungs. Each ECMO circuit comprises a pump, an oxygenator, and a warming unit linked by plastic tubing to cannulas (2). Nosocomial infection is recognized as a complication of ECMO, principally due to multiple portals of entry in the circuit (5). We have previously reported (20th Annual Children’s National Medical Centre Symposium ECMO & Advanced Therapies for Respiratory Failure, February 2004, Keystone, Colo.) that ECMO circuits with hollow-fiber oxygenators can be stored without loss of function for up to 2 weeks, allowing rapid access to this complex and expensive life support. Our study also showed that the sterility of circuits could be maintained over this time; however, our microbiology was restricted to culture-dependent techniques. The possible existence of uncultivatable microorganisms could threaten quality assurance (6). We describe the use of universal oligonucleotide primers to amplify, by PCR, highly conservative genetic loci in both bacteria and fungi to validate aseptic storage of ready-to-use ECMO circuits. Ten ECMO circuits were primed under sterile conditions with 1 liter of plasmalyte (i.e., “wet primed”) and stored for either 7 (n 5) or 14 (n 5) days at 8°C with a pump speed of 10 rpm and an oxygenator gas flow of 0.2 liters/min. Each day, 50 ml of plasmalyte was aseptically removed for microbiological and pharmaceutical analyses. Previously described methods for the extraction and amplification of bacterial (3, 4) and fungal (1) DNA were used to recover any contaminating nucleic acids from 1-ml aliquots of each 50-ml sample. The PCR mixture was added directly after this extraction following standard parameters for a commercial polymerase (7). Despite repeated attempts, using variable annealing temperatures, no amplification products could be detected from any of the ECMO samples. Clinical isolates obtained from several London teaching hospitals were grown in plasmalyte and used as positive controls to test the PCR methodologies. Amplification products could be detected by using DNA templates from each isolate; these isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin resistant), Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida krusei. Taken together, our results from culture-dependent and independent assessment of sterility strongly suggest that circuits stored “wet primed” are not a likely source of infection for patients receiving ECMO life support.
Cyclic‐di‐GMP‐mediated signalling within the σS network of Escherichia coli

Bis‐(3′−5′)‐cyclic‐di‐guanosine monophosphate (c‐di‐GMP) is a bacterial signalling molecule produced by diguanylate cyclases (DGC, carrying GGDEF domains) and degraded by specific phosphodiesterases (PDE, carrying EAL domains). Neither its full physiological impact nor its effector mechanisms are currently understood. Also, the existence of multiple GGDEF/EAL genes in the genomes of most species raises questions about output specificity and robustness of c‐di‐GMP signalling. Using microarray and gene fusion analyses, we demonstrate that at least five of the 29 GGDEF/EAL genes in Escherichia coli are not only stationary phase‐induced under the control of the general stress response master regulator σS (RpoS), but also exhibit differential control by additional environmental and temporal signals. Two of the corresponding proteins, YdaM (GGDEF only) and YciR (GGDEF + EAL), which in vitro show DGC and PDE activity, respectively, play an antagonistic role in the expression of the biofilm‐associated curli fimbriae. This control occurs at the level of transcription of the curli and cellulose regulator CsgD. Moreover, we show that H‐NS positively affects curli expression by inversely controlling the expression of ydaM and yciR. Furthermore, we demonstrate a temporally fine‐tuned GGDEF cascade in which YdaM controls the expression of another GGDEF protein, YaiC. By genome‐wide microarray analysis, evidence is provided that YdaM and YciR strongly and nearly exclusively control CsgD‐regulated genes. We conclude that specific GGDEF/EAL proteins have very distinct expression patterns, and when present in physiological amounts, can act in a highly precise, non‐global and perhaps microcompartmented manner on a few or even a single specific target(s).
How Taking from Foreigners Aects Domestic Human Rights

Recently, scholars have applied rigorous statistical techniques to understand the consequences of seizing assets from foreign investors. Few, however, look beyond investment ows. In reality, political leaders attest that expropriation is undergone for the good of their people (raising employment, reducing poverty, etc). Many have questioned the veracity of these claims though. There are often strong economic and political incentives to use seized assets for private allocation. In this spirit, scholars argue that outright expropriation is more likely to occur in political regimes with fewer political constraints on the executive (Jensen 2008) and greater access to natural resource wealth (Jensen and Johnston 2011). Both are among the political and geographical determinants that may lead to political repression. While expropriation may reduce exploitation, increase autonomy, and increase economic opportunities in the host country, it may also chase away future investors, lead to ineciently-run government operations, and be used to further repressive activi
Time course analysis of precocious separation of sister centromeres in budding yeast: continuously separated or frequently reassociated?

Background Sister kinetochores are bioriented toward the spindle poles in eukaryotic metaphase before chromosome segregation. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sister centromeres/kinetochores are separated in the early spindle, while the sister arms remain associated. Biorientation is thought to be established in this organism with precocious separation of sister centromeres in early stages of the cell cycle. It is not, however, settled whether this pre‐anaphase separation is continuous or only transient and whether the transient separation has any physiological significance.
Priming in Interpersonal Contexts: Implications for Affect and Behavior

Priming stereotypes can lead to a variety of behavioral outcomes, including assimilation, contrast, and response behaviors. However, the conditions that give rise to each of these outcomes are unspecified. Furthermore, theoretical accounts posit that prime-to-behavior effects are either direct (i.e., unmediated) or mediated by cognitive processes, whereas the role of affective processes has been largely unexplored. The present research directly investigated both of these issues. Three experiments demonstrated that priming a threatening social group (“hoodies”) influences both affect and behavior in an interpersonal context. Hoodie priming produced both behavioral avoidance and several affective changes (including social apprehension, threat sensitivity, and self-reported anxiety and hostility). Importantly, avoidance following hoodie priming was mediated by anxiety and occurred only under conditions of other- (but not self-) focus. These results highlight multiple routes through which primes influence affect and behavior, and suggest that attention to self or others determine the nature of priming effects.
Improving power quality using a new single phase multilevel active power filter

This paper proposes a Single Phase Multilevel Active Power Filter (SPMAPF) for harmonic elimination and reactive power compensation. An asymmetric neutral point clamped five level inverter is used as an active power filter to improve power quality at Point of Common Coupling (PCC). The control algorithm of the SPMAPF is based on Lyapunov candidate. An energy-based Lyapunov control strategy is developed and tested for the SPMAPF. This method determines the control law that makes the derivative of the Lyapunov function always negative for all values of the states. Simulation results that are obtained by using Simulink/Matlab environment are presented to confirm the good effectiveness of the proposed control technique.
The MOAHLFA index in 17 centers of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) over 6 years

1. Kanerva L. Skin disease from dental products. In: Rycroft R J G, Menné T, Frosch P J (eds): Textbook of contact dermatitis, 3rd edition. Berlin: Springer, in press. 2. Koch G, Magnusson B, Nyquist G. Contact allergy to medicaments and materials used in dentistry (II). Sensitivity to eugenol and colophony. Odontol Revy 1971: 22: 275–289. 3. Koch G, Magnusson B, Nobréus N, Nyquist G, Söderholm G. Contact allergy to medicaments and materials used in dentistry (IV). Sensitizing effect of eugenol-colophony in surgical dressing. Odontol Revy 1973: 24: 109–114. 4. Isaksson M, Bruze M, Björkner B, Niklasson B. Contact allergy to Duraphat. Scand J Dent Res 1993: 101: 49–51. 5. Bruze M. Systemically-induced contact dermatitis from dental rosin. Scand J Dent Res 1994: 102: 376–378.
Thirteen Years of an International External Quality Assessment Scheme for Genotyping: Results and Recommendations.

BACKGROUND Suboptimal laboratory procedures resulting in genotyping errors, misdiagnosis, or incorrect reporting bear greatly on a patient's health management, therapeutic decisions made on their behalf, and ultimate outcome. Participation in external quality assessment (EQA) is a key element of quality assurance in molecular genetic diagnostics. Therefore, the Reference Institute for Bioanalytics has tried for 13 years to improve the quality of genetic testing by offering an EQA for different clinically relevant sequence variations. METHODS Within each of the biannual EQA schemes offered, up to 18 samples of lyophilized human genomic DNA were provided for up to 50 different molecular genetic tests. Laboratories were asked to use their routine procedures for genotyping. At least 2 expert peer assessors reviewed the final returns. Data from 2002 to 2014 were evaluated. RESULTS In total, 82 462 reported results from 812 characterized samples were evaluated. Globally, the number of participants increased each year along with the number of sequence variations offered. The error rate decreased significantly over the years with an overall error rate of 1.44%. Additionally, a decreased error rate for samples repeated over time was noted. Interestingly, the error rate showed a high difference depending on the locus analyzed and the method used. CONCLUSIONS Based on the evaluation of this long-term EQA scheme, various recommendations can be given to improve the quality of molecular genetic testing, such as the use of 2 different methods for genotyping. Furthermore, some methods are inappropriate for analysis of certain sequence variations.
Applying path-counting methods for measuring the robustness of the network-structured system

We consider the path-counting problem that asks how many paths exist between any two different nodes in a network after deleting an arbitrary number of edges or nodes from the original network. Using path-counting methods, we propose a quantitative method for measuring the robustness of the network-structured system. First we define the connectivity function and attempt to obtain the expected connectivity function for the network. Applying the Monte Carlo method, we estimate expected edge deletion and node deletion connectivity functions when an arbitrary number of edges or nodes are deleted from the original network. We attempt to approximate the expected edge deletion connectivity function using an appropriate nonlinear function with two parameters. We also show the numerical results of applying the path-counting method with their analysis in order to quantitatively evaluate the connectivity for some special types of networks.
Thymic overexpression of Ttg-1 in transgenic mice results in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma

T-cell translocation gene 1 (Ttg-1), also called rhombotin, is deregulated upon translocation into the alpha/delta T-cell receptor loci in acute lymphoblastic leukemias bearing the t(11;14)(p15;q11). Ttg-1 encodes a nuclear protein, expressed predominantly in neuronal cells, which belongs to a novel family of transcription factors possessing LIM domains. We utilized the lck proximal promoter to overexpress this candidate oncogene in immature thymocytes of transgenic mice. lckPr Ttg-1 mice develop immature, aggressive T-cell leukemia/lymphomas. Tumor incidence is proportional to the level of Ttg-1 expression. Most tumors contain CD4+8+ cells as well as CD4-8+ cells, which have an immature rather than a mature peripheral phenotype. Ttg-1-induced tumorigenesis preferentially affects a minority population of thymocytes representing an immature CD4-8+ intermediate stage between double-negative CD4-8- cells and double-positive CD4+8+ cells. This model indicates that the aberrant expression of putative transcription factors plays a primary role in the genesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias.
Correction and update on 'priority setting in medical technology assessment'.

assist in the process of choosing where to use research resources best. While the index proposed by Phelps and Parente is not definitive, it does provide a reproducible and objective measure of the potential gains from research in technology and medical practice assessment. In the actual implementation of the methods proposed in Phelps and Parente, we have found two errors, one of which affects only a few of the categories reported. The other affects calculations on the priority ranking for every procedure reported, but almost invariably, in an unimportant way. The purpose of this note is to clarify the nature of these errors, provide corrected tables for priority setting (which, with only a few exceptions that we will note, provide the same priority setting advice as did the original work), and to reaffirm the basic integrity of the previously published results.
Pharmacokinetics and Molecular Docking studies of Plant-Derived Natural Compounds to Exploring Potential Anti-Alzheimer Activity

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, accounts for 60 to 80 percent cases. Two main factors called beta amyloid plaques and tangles are prime suspects in damaging and killing nerve cells. However, oxidative stress, the process which produces free radicals in cells, is believed to promote its progression to the extent that it may responsible for the cognitive and functional decline observed in AD. As of today there are few FDA approved drugs in the market for treatment, but their cholinergic adverse effect, potentially distressing toxicity and limited targets in AD pathology limits their use. Therefore, it is crucial to find an effective compounds to combat AD. We choose 45 plant derived natural compounds that have antioxidant properties to slow down disease progression by quenching free redicals or promoting endogenous antioxidant capacity. However, we performed molecular docking studies to investigate the binding interactions between natural compounds and 13 various anti Alzheimer drug targets. Three known Cholinesterase inhibitors (Donepezil, Galantamine and Rivastigmine) were taken as reference drugs over natural compounds for comparison and drug likeness studies. Few of these compounds showed good inhibitory activity besides anti oxidant activity. Most of these compounds followed pharmacokinetics properties that make them potentially promising drug candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer disease.
AMINO ACID INCORPORATION IN VITRO INTO PROTEIN OF NEURONAL AND GLIAL CELL‐ENRICHED FRACTIONS

Slices of rabbit cerebral cortex were incubated in the presence of labelled amino acids. Following incubation, neuron‐ and gliaenriched fractions were obtained by density gradient centrifugation and the TCA‐insoluble radioactivity determined. The protein‐bound radioactivity was five to six times higher in the neuronal‐enriched fraction than in the glial‐enriched fraction after incubation with tritiated leucine. The neuronal fraction incorporated also a number of other amino acids to a higher extent than the glial fraction (neuron/glia ratio 2·5‐6). A definite dependence of incorporation on the rate of oxygenation was demonstrated. The suppression of amino acid incorporation was more marked for the neuronal fraction than for the glial fraction during incubation in relative hypoxia. An increase of potassium concentration in the incubation medium enhanced the amino acid incorporation in both fractions. Low sodium levels decreased the incorporation. Puromycin inhibited incorporation to approximately 30 per cent of control for both fractions. Addition of cycloheximide and dinitrophenol resulted in greater inhibition of incorporation in the neuronal fraction than in the neuroglial fraction. Actinomycin D did not markedly affect the incorporation in any fraction. These results are discussed in relation to in vivo and in in vitro differences for transport and incorporation of amino acids.
Comparative Analysis of Steady-State Models for a Switched Capacitor Converter

A recently reported modeling methods for a switched capacitor converter either assume output as “firm” voltage or a resistor to facilitate calculation. When the size of output filter capacitor is moderate, accompanied by noticeable output ripple, previous modeling results may not provide accurate prediction and design guidelines. In this paper, a new modeling technique taking into account the output capacitor effect is proposed for simple dual-phase switched capacitor converters without complex coupling loops. The proposed model employs transient calculation, takes charge redistribution phase into account, and includes the duty cycle, switching frequency as well as output capacitor simultaneously in the final output impedance formula, which enhances accuracy of the model. It is suitable for interleaved and noninterleaved switched capacitor converters. The simulation and experimental results for the unity gain SC converter are provided to verify the proposed theory.
Oxygen Pumping: Probing Intergalactic Metals at the Epoch of Reionization

We consider the pumping of the 63.2 μm fine-structure line of neutral O I in the high-redshift intergalactic medium (IGM), in analogy with the Wouthuysen-Field effect for the 21 cm line of cosmic H I. We show that the soft UV background at ~1300 Å can affect the population levels, and if a significant fraction of the IGM volume is filled with "fossil H II regions" containing neutral O I, then this can produce a nonnegligible spectral distortion in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). O I from redshift z is seen in emission at (1 + z)63.2 μm, and in the range 7 < z < 10 produces a mean spectral distortion of the CMB with y = (10-9 to 3 × 10-8)(Z/10-3 Z☉)(IUV), where Z is the mean metallicity of the IGM and IUV is the UV background at 1300 Å in units of 10-20 ergs s-1 Hz-1 cm-2 sr-1. A measurement of this signature can trace the metallicity at the end of the dark ages, prior to the completion of cosmic reionization, and is complementary to cosmological 21 cm studies. While future CMB experiments such as Planck could constrain the metallicity to the 10-2 Z☉ level, specifically designed experiments could potentially achieve a detection.
Meta-heuristic search based gene selection and classification of microarray data

Microarray dataset often contains huge number of data, only a fraction of which comprise significant differentially expressed genes. In this article, t-test is applied to identify the precise and interesting genes which are responsible for cause of cancer. After precise identification, a new embedded approach is proposed where in a genetic algorithm (GA) is combined with Artificial neural network (ANN) along with t-test. This ANN-based GA has the both characteristic, to identify a small subset of informative gene from the initial data set in order to obtain high accuracy. Further, this paper presents a comparative analysis on the obtained classification accuracy by the proposed approach and other existing models available in the literature. From the obtained results, it is apparent that proposed approach is able to achieve high accuracy with a small number of selected genes.