Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global warming in a nonlinear climate - Can we be sure?

Picture this. It’s Sunday morning and you are standing on the first tee of your local golf club, ready for that all-important first drive of the day. Settling yourself over the ball, and freeing your mind of extraneous thoughts, you begin your swing. But, half way through, a big drop of rain hits you squarely on the top of your head! It’s too late to abort the swing, and with your state of concentration momentarily disturbed, your golf club strikes the ball well off centre and it ends up in a thick patch of rough, 50 yards to the right of the tee. As you walk up to the ball, the rain drops begin falling more frequently. By the time you hit your second shot, which only succeeds in moving the ball into yet deeper rough, the rain becomes persistent. At this point, you think to yourself: wait a minute, they never said anything about rain on the weather forecast last night! And so you continue your round, cursing in equal measure, your inelegant golf swing, the miserable weather and those lousy weather forecasters. Eighteen torrid holes later, you return to the club house, soaked through and in a generally foul mood. Someone turns on the TV to catch the 1 O’Clock news. Top stories are the Prime Minister’s commitment to tackle the problem of climate change, and a related report that the Government’s Chief Scientific Advisor has proclaimed climate change as the most serious problem facing humanity - more serious even than the terrorist threat. You’ve never had a view on climate change - until today. You mutter under your breath “Nothing but hot air - those bloody weather forecasters can’t even get tomorrow’s weather right! ”
Seasonal and annual variation in the food habits of Apennine brown bears, central Italy

Abstract Only scanty and outdated knowledge is available on the food habits of the Apennine brown bear (Ursus arctos marsicanus) population, despite its critical conservation status. Based on 2,359 scats, collected from June 2006 through December 2009, we documented seasonal and annual variation in the diet of this bear population within its 1,294-km2 core distribution in Abruzzo, Lazio, and Molise National Park and its external buffer area in central Italy. Using correction factors to estimate digestible energy, we revealed substantial consumption of plant matter by bears, including herbaceous vegetation in spring (mean ± SD; 31.7% ± 25%) and early summer (19.0% ± 7%), a variety of naturally occurring berries in summer (56.5% ± 14%), and hard mast (66.9% ± 21%), largely supplemented by fleshy fruits (26.3% ± 18%), in the fall. Bears also consumed insects, mostly ants, in early summer (38.3% ± 7%), and wild ungulates in spring (10.2% ± 11%). Hard mast production strongly influenced year-to-year variation in the diet. High-quality foods, such as berries and other fleshy fruits, were increasingly consumed by bears in years of low to null hard mast productivity, suggesting that habitat productivity is currently high and diversified enough to allow bears to avoid the risk of nutritional stress during occasional hard mast failures. Nevertheless, as exemplified by a negative trend in late-summer consumption of buckthorn (Rhamnus spp.) berries by bears, our findings demonstrate the need to implement management strategies that will ensure long-term habitat productivity and provide optimal foraging opportunities for Apennine brown bears.
Estimating impervious surfaces by linear spectral mixture analysis under semi-constrained condition

Impervious surface played an important role in monitoring urban sprawl and understanding human activities. Linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA) is commonly used to estimate impervious surface due to its simple structure and clear physical meaning. But previous researches found that LSMA seems to overestimate slightly impervious surface fraction in less developed areas (0–20%), while underestimating it in the central business district (CBD) (over 80%). This paper using LSMA model, under fully constrained and semi-constrained condition, developed impervious surface of Fujin town, Heilongjiang Province from the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) image. Accuracy evaluation was estimated between town and rural areas under the two different constraints. The results indicated that impervious surface developed by four endmembers(high albedo, low albedo, soil, and vegetation) under fully constrained and semi-constrained conditions overestimated slightly in less developed areas. Impervious surface developed by three endmembers (high albedo, soil, and vegetation) under semiconstrained condition provided a fine performance with a RMS reduced from 19.79% to 17.73%.
Electrohydrodynamic instability of miscible core–annular flows with electrical conductivity stratification

Abstract This paper investigates the electrohydrodynamical instability of two miscible flows in a micro-pipe subject to an axial electric field. There is an electrical conductivity stratification between the two layers. A weak shear flow arises from a constant axial pressure gradient. The three-dimensional linear stability analysis is studied under the assumption of a quasi-steady state. The influences of the conductivity ratio ${\it\eta}$ , the interface location $a$ , the interface thickness ${\it\delta}$ , the Reynolds number $\mathit{Re}$ and the Schmidt number $\mathit{Sc}$ on the linear stability of the flows are investigated. The flow becomes more unstable for a larger conductivity contrast. When the conductivity in the inner layer is larger, the critical unstable mode can be dominated by either the corkscrew mode (the azimuthal wavenumber $m=1$ ) or the axisymmetric mode ( $m=0$ ), which is dependent on the interface location $a$ . It is observed that, when the interface is proximal to pipe’s wall, the critical unstable mode shifts from the corkscrew mode to the axisymmetric mode. When the conductivity is larger in the outer layer, the instability is dominated by the axisymmetric mode. A detailed parametric study shows that the flow is least stable when the interface between the two liquids is located at approximately $a=0.3$ and $a=0.2$ for conductivity ratios of ${\it\eta}=0.5$ and ${\it\eta}=2$ respectively. The flow becomes more stable as the interface becomes thicker, and the shear flow and ionic diffusion are found to have a stabilizing effect due to the enhancement of dissipation mechanisms.
Effects of heat stress on the physiological parameters and productivity of hair sheep in tropical and coastal environments

The experiment was carried out with sheep during the finishing phase in a partial confinement system to evaluate the following physiological parameters: rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), productive performance and carcass characteristics. Fourteen uncastrated sheep with an average initial age of 90 days belonging to two genetic groups were used. There were seven Santa Ines animals, whose average initial live weight (ILW) was 23.65 kg, and seven F1 Dorper × St. Ines animals, with an ILW of 20.02 kg. The treatments were the two genetic groups and two times for the collection of the physiological parameters, at 09.00 h and 15.00 h. Evaluation took place once a week, in a shared stall, always following a 20-min grazing activity. The animals had daily access to a Megathyrsus maximus(Jacquin) pasture, cultivar Masai, from 08.00 h to 17.00 h and their feed was placed in a trough, at a forage:concentrate ratio of 51:49 in the total dry matter. The concentrate consisted of 900 g/kg of ground corn and 100 g/kg of soybean meal, and the roughage supplied was alfalfa hay. There was no interaction between treatments for the studied variables. The physiological parameters were affected only by the time of day. The variables RR and RT were higher at 15.00 h, while the highest HR values were observed at 09.00 h. Neither of the two genetic groups differed for performance and carcass characteristics. Hair sheep belonging to close genetic groups show no differences in performance, carcass characteristics and physiological responses when subjected to heat stress.
Can we improve how we learn? Investigating learning and transfer of abstract relational principles

Evidence from both educational and cognitive psychology shows that people have trouble learning abstract relational principles and applying them to different contexts. Participants (N=84) learned to categorise stimuli consisting of abstract coloured patterns organised within either a classification or an inference presentation. They could do so using similarity of features or a relational principle, but only the latter was applicable to the transfer task. Results suggest that inference learning suppressed the ability to consistently encode features and lead to more consistent use of the relational rule and subsequently higher transfer performance, in spite of unchanged contextual richness.
Advanced Street Lighting Control through Neural Network Ensembling

In this work, we propose an innovative street lighting energy management system in order to reduce energy consumption. The main goal is to provide ‘energy on demand’ such that energy, in this case light, is provided only when needed. In order to achieve this purpose it is critical to have a reliable demand model, which in the case of street lighting turns out to be a traffic flow rate forecasting model. Several methods has been compared in order to find out one hour prediction model. In our case studies, Artificial Neural Networks performed best results. Moreover, several control strategies have been tested and the one which gave the best energy savings is the adaptive one we carried out. Experimentation has been carried out on two different case studies. In particular we focused our experimentation on public street of a small and a medium sized cities. Our studies show that with the proposed approach it is possible to save up to 50% of energy compared to no regulation systems Keywords-Lighting Efficiency; Energy Management Systems; Adaptive Control; Neural-Network models
Antioxidant and Acidifier Properties of Roselle (Hibicus sabdariffa Linn.) Calyx Powder on Lipid Peroxidation, Nutrient Digestibility and Growth Performance in Fattening Pigs

The study was conducted to investigate an antioxidant and acidifier properties of Roselle in fattening pigs. Twenty crossbred pigs were randomly allocated to 4 treatments with 5 replicates. Four diets were calculated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous: control diet, control diet supplemented with antibiotic (Chlortetracycline) 50 mg/kg or acidifier (Fra ® Acid Dry) 4 g/kg and diet containing Roselle calyx powder at the level of 40 g/kg. Pigs were raised in individual concrete pen and received diet ad libitum for 8 weeks. Body weight, feed intake, blood constituent and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in two consecutive periods at 4 th and 8 th week. Fecal content was collected at the end of the experiment to determine the coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD). The blood constituent data was not significant difference (p>0.05) but the neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio was more likely high in both periods. TBARS value was not differed (p>0.05) among treatments. Roselle had the highest CATTD value of ether extract and significant difference from the others (p 0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significant differences among treatment groups in the second period (p<0.05) and the best FCR was Roselle group but not significant difference when compared to control and antibiotic. The result implied that Roselle at the level of 40 g/kg could not clearly show neither antioxidant nor acidifier properties in fattening pigs.
VESICULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: A NOVEL APPROACH FOR DRUG TARGETING

The objective of the study is to evaluate the potential of novel vesicular drug delivery systems for drug targeting. Novel vesicular drug delivery systems aim to deliver the drug at a rate directed by need of body during the period of treatment, and channel the active entity to the site of action. Vesicular drug delivery systems have been used to improve the therapeutic index, solubility, stability and rapid degradation of drug molecule. Thus a number of novel vesicular drug delivery systems have been developed that allow drug targeting and sustained or controlled release of drug. The focus of this review is to discuss various lipoidal and non-lipoidal vesicles with special emphasis on targeting of drugs.
A Framework for Estimating Piping Reliability Subject to Corrosion Under Insulation

Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is one of the serious damage mechanisms experienced by insulated piping systems. Optimizing the inspection schedule for insulated piping systems is a major challenge faced by inspection and corrosion engineers since CUI takes place beneath the insulation which makes the detection and prediction of the damage mechanism harder. In recent years, risk-based inspection (RBI) approach has been adopted to optimize CUI inspection plan. RBI approach is based on risk, a product of the likelihood of a failure and the consequence of such failure. The likelihood analysis usually follows either the qualitative or the semi-qualitative methods, thus precluding it to be used for quantitative risk assessment. This paper presents a framework for estimating quantitatively the likelihood of failure due to CUI based on the type of data available.
Approaches to Automated Detection of Cyberbullying: A Survey

Research into cyberbullying detection has increased in recent years, due in part to the proliferation of cyberbullying across social media and its detrimental effect on young people. A growing body of work is emerging on automated approaches to cyberbullying detection. These approaches utilise machine learning and natural language processing techniques to identify the characteristics of a cyberbullying exchange and automatically detect cyberbullying by matching textual data to the identified traits. In this paper, we present a systematic review of published research (as identified via Scopus, ACM and IEEE Xplore bibliographic databases) on cyberbullying detection approaches. On the basis of our extensive literature review, we categorise existing approaches into 4 main classes, namely supervised learning, lexicon-based, rule-based, and mixed-initiative approaches. Supervised learning-based approaches typically use classifiers such as SVM and Naïve Bayes to develop predictive models for cyberbullying detection. Lexicon-based systems utilise word lists and use the presence of words within the lists to detect cyberbullying. Rule-based approaches match text to predefined rules to identify bullying, and mixed-initiatives approaches combine human-based reasoning with one or more of the aforementioned approaches. We found lack of labelled datasets and non-holistic consideration of cyberbullying by researchers when developing detection systems are two key challenges facing cyberbullying detection research. This paper essentially maps out the state-of-the-art in cyberbullying detection research and serves as a resource for researchers to determine where to best direct their future research efforts in this field.
Orofacial myofunctional characterization in Parry-Romberg syndrome Caracterização miofuncional orofacial na síndrome de Parry-Romberg

Purpose: To characterize the orofacial miofunctional aspects of patients with Parry-Romberg syndrome, using standardized clinical protocols and Surface Electromyography (sEMG) of the masticatory muscles. Methods: Participants were four patients with Parry-Romberg syndrome and four healthy individuals, paired by age and gender, divided in two groups: Study Group (SG) and Control Group (CG), respectively. The groups were compared regarding performance during clinical examination - Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Expanded Scores (OMES-E) and record of facial anthropometric measures and of jaw movements, and during an instrumental evaluation - Surface Elec-tromyography (sEMG) of the masticatory muscles. Results: Statistically significant differences between the groups were observed for the following variables: 1) numerical: mandibular lateral movement to the right, OMES-E posture/position and total score, 2) categorical: palate, behavior of the tongue during swallowing and chewing function. At sEMG no statistically significant differences were observed. Conclusion: The pre-sent study is the first to evaluate the orofacial myofunctional system of individuals with Parry-Romberg syndrome using standardized protocols. Results indicate that these individuals present alterations specially when considering mandibular movements, tongue mobility during swallowing and chewing function.
The high-velocity cloud complex Galactic center negative as seen by EBHIS and GASS I. Cloud catalog and global properties

Using Milky Way data of the new Effelsberg-Bonn H i Survey (EBHIS) and the Galactic All-Sky Survey (GASS), we present a revised picture of the high-velocity cloud (HVC) complex Galactic center negative (GCN). Owing to the higher angular resolution of these surveys compared to previous studies (e.g., the Leiden Dwingeloo Survey), we resolve complex GCN into lots of individual tiny clumps, that mostly have relatively broad line widths of more than 15 km s −1 . We do not detect a diffuse extended counterpart, which is unusual for an HVC complex. In total 243 clumps were identified and parameterized which allows us to statistically analyze the data. Cold-line components (i.e., Δvfwhm < 7. 5k m s −1 ) are found in about 5% only of the identified cloudlets. Our analysis reveals that complex GCN is likely built up of several subpopulations that do not share a common origin. Furthermore, complex GCN might be a prime example for warm-gas accretion onto the Milky Way, where neutral H i clouds are not stable against interaction with the Milky Way gas halo and become ionized prior to accretion.
The Impact of Electoral Rules on Legislative Parties: Lessons from the Brazilian Senate and Chamber of Deputies

In this paper, I reexamine the impact of electoral institutions on legislative party organization. A long-running theme in comparative politics is that Brazil's political party system is weakened by the structure of its electoral institutions. I revisit this research by comparing legislative parties in the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies with those in the Brazilian Senate. This comparison allows me to control for political history, constituents, and even the legislative agenda, while providing variance on the key explanatory variable—the electoral system. The Senate is very similar to the Chamber of Deputies, but does not use the much maligned open-list proportional representation (OLPR) rules. The result is a powerful opportunity for testing and inference. The comparisons reveal no consistent or significant differences between institutions.
Molecular Docking Analysis of Novel Alpha-Glucosidase enzyme Inhibitors from Siddha Formulation Pungampoo Chooranam using Computer aided drug discovery

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder in which prevalence has been increasing steadily all over the world. As a result of this trend, it is fast becoming an epidemic in some countries of the world with the number of people affected expected to double in the next decade due to increase in ageing population, thereby adding to the already existing burden for healthcare providers, especially in poorly developed countries. Due to increased adverse event caused by conventional anti-diabetic agents researchers are at constant need of exploring alternate therapeutic strategy for clinical management of diabetes mellitus. Siddha system of traditional medicine through its valuable phytocomponents therapy provides highly beneficial effects in treating metabolic disorders such as diabetes since several centuries. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are drugs that inhibit the absorption of carbohydrates from the gut and may be used in the treatment of patients with type II diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. There are some increasing evidence that AGIs are beneficial to prevent or delay mortality in type II diabetes. The main aim of the resent investigation is to screen the seven bioactive phytocomponents such as Beta Sitosterol, Glabrin, Kanjone, Pongol, Sterolin, Pinnantin, Quercetin, Isolonchocarpin present in the formulation Pungampoo Chooranam (PPC) against target protein Alpha-Glucosidase enzyme with PDB code 4J5Talong with the standard acarbose using computational docking analysis. The results of the present investigation clearly shows that out of eight compounds screened the compound such as Beta sitosterol, Glabrin, Sterolin and Isolonchocarpin has tendency to binding with the most significant active site 428 PHE of the enzyme target responsible for biological activity, when compare to the standard Acarbose with the binding affinity towards 392 ASP, 709 TYR and 771 GLU. Hence from the results of the present investigation it was concluded that the bioactive phytocomponents present in the formulation Pungampoo Chooranam (PPC) has significant Alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity and there by promising anti-diabetic activity and may also be effective in clinical management of type II diabetes mellitus.
Geological constraints on the evolution of the Angolan margin based on reflection and refraction seismic data (ZaïAngo project)

SUMMARY Deep penetration multichannel reflection and Ocean Bottom Seismometer wide-angle seismic data from the Congo-Angola margin were collected in 2000 during the Za¨ iAngo cruise. These data help constrain the deep structure of the continental margin, the geometry of the pre-salt sediment layers and the geometry of the Aptian salt layer. Dating the deposition of the salt relative to the chronology of the margin formation is an issue of fundamental importance for reconstructing the evolution of the margin and for the understanding of the crustal thinning processes. The data show that the crust thins abruptly, from a 30-40 km thickness to less than 10 km, over a lateral distance of less than 50 km. The transitional domain is a 180-km-wide basin. The pre-salt sediment layering within this basin is parallel to the base of the salt and hardly affected by tectonic deformation. In addition, the presence of a continuous salt cover, from the continental platform down to the presumed oceanic boundary, provides indications on the conditions of salt deposition that constrain the geometry of the margin at that time. These crucial observations imply shallow deposition environments during the rifting and suggest that vertical motions prevailed—compared to horizontal motions—during the formation of the basin.