Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dental caries prevalence with ICDAS criteria and associated factors in Colombian children with primary dentition. ABSTRACT Objective. Describes the prevalence and severity of dental caries in Colombian preschool children

Objective. Describes the prevalence and severity of dental caries in Colombian preschool children with primary dentition. Methods. Cross-sectional study, using a random sample by clusters of 336 children between 3 and 5 years of age, examined during 2010. Dental caries lesion detection was carried out by visual criteria (ICDAS). A questionnaire was answered by the parents. Examiner ́s calibration in ICDAS assessment method was carried out with a benchmark examiner, and the inter-examiner and intra-examiner reliability was calculated. The association exploration was analyzed parting from the prevalence ratio (PR; 95 percent confidence interval CI). The multivariate analysis was done using poisson regression model, obtaining adjusted values by age and gender. Results. Dental caries prevalence was 88.9 %, (51.4 % for experience and 37.5 % for non cavitated lesions). The average dmf-t was 1.7 +/-2.5. The most commonly present lesions were non cavitated, being the smooth surfaces in cervical area the most affected. For caries experience there was significance with a cariogenic diet, tooth brushing parent supervision and the use of a high fluoride content toothpaste, while the severity of dental caries was associated with dental consultations per year, mother ́s schooling and school behavior. Conclusions. The dental caries prevalence and severity was associated with different risk factors (weekly cariogenic diet consumption, no parental tooth brushing supervision, use of high fluoride content toothpaste, visit to the dentist less than one/year, mother schooling less than high school and inadequate school behavior), which at this age can be oriented by parents through a change in behavior.
What Made Great Britain so Great? From the Fiscal-Military State to the First Industrial Revolution

Recent research in economic history casts doubts on the role played by good economic institutions in Great Britain after the 1688 Glorious Revolution. What undoubtedly emerged from the latter is a strong Fiscal-Military state under the influence of a Parliament dominated by Whigs. After presenting related empirical evidence, I develop a parsimonious model to understand how the influence of a strong military apparel on international trade can foster the implementation of more productive technologies. When this is the case, development by one country can foster de-industrialization for its trading partners, as has been the case historically in India during the 19th century.
DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES AND THE INWARD INTERNALISATION PROCESS OF AN ARGENTINE MULTINATIONAL DIRECTED TO BRAZIL

The article aims to check which dynamic capabilities, which are developed and used by the multinational, have contributed to the internationalisation process of the subsidiary in Brazil. The research methodology had a qualitative approach and used the case study for data collection, with the application of in-depth semi-structured interviews. The results show that, according to the economic theory, the company took ownership advantages on the basis of the development of local and non-local competencies. The location advantage was exploited on the basis of the choice of the host country, taking into consideration the potential market. Regarding the behavioural theory, we identified that the internalisation occurred gradually, it started with exportation and it is currently characterised as greenfield. As far the dynamic capabilities are concerned, they were developed by the company at the moment at which the company knew how to reconfigure and adapt the competencies which had been developed in each unit and it used them in its internalisation process.
Depolymerization of acetosolv lignin through in-situ catalytic fast pyrolysis

La valorizacion de corrientes secundarias tal como la lignin Acetosolv es clave en el desarrollo de biorrefinerias de materiales lignocelulosicos. La pirolisis rapida, un proceso termoquimico que convierte biomasa en un producto liquido, actualmente es de particular interes para la produccion de compuestos quimicos. Sin embargo, la pirolisis rapida convencional de lignina presenta problemas de alimentacion, debido a su bajo punto de fusion, aglomeracion del lecho y bajo rendimiento de liquidos altamente oxigenados. En este trabajo, se investigo el efecto catalitico de la co-alimentacion de CaO y el uso de olivina como material del lecho, para superar estos obstaculos. Se utilizo un sistema de laboratorio de pirolisis rapida con capacidad de alimentacion de 0.1 kg/h, para depolimerizar aserrin de pino y lignina Acetosolv a 540 °C. Una caracterizacion profunda de la fase organica utilizando resonancia magnetica en estado solido y liquido proporciono informacion estructural mas detallada del liquido pirolitico en comparacion con las tecnicas de caracterizacion convencionales. Los resultados principales mostraron que la adicion de CaO mejoro la alimentacion de la lignina dentro del reactor, mientras que se observo un aumento del rendimiento liquido en presencia de olivina. El uso combinado de CaO y olivina parecio ser mas beneficioso, ya que mostro el rendimiento mas alto de liquido de lignina pirolitica, a pesar de la falta de reproducibilidad.
jMetal: a Java Framework for Developing Multi-Objective Optimization Metaheuristics

This paper introduces jMetal, an object-oriented Java-based framework aimed at facilitating the development of metaheuristics for solving multi-objective optimization problems (MOPs). jMetal provides a rich set of classes which can be used as the building blocks of multi-objective metaheuristics; thus, taking advantage of code-reusing, the algorithms share the same base components, such as implementations of genetic operators and density estimators, so making the fair comparison of different metaheuristics for MOPs possible. The framework also incorporates a significant set of problems used as a benchmark in many comparative studies. We have implemented a number of multi-objective metaheuristics using jMetal, and an evaluation of these techniques using our framework is presented.
Electrochemical Reduction of o-Nitrophenol as a Tool for the Rough Characterization of Organic Matter in Seawater Samples

Phase sensitive alternating current (a.c.) voltammetry with o-nitrophenol (ONP) as a probe is used as a simple nondestructive method for a rough characterization of organic substances in natural seawater samples. This is based on the measurement of the effects of adsorbed organic substances on the peak height and the potential of the ONP reduction peak. In this work is presented further improvement of the method which is achieved by introducing the measurement of the prepeak of ONP reduction obtained upon scan reversal. The height of the prepeak is extremely sensitive upon the type of organic matter adsorbed on the mercury electrode at the pH of natural seawater. The ONP prepeak increases in the presence of adsorbed layers of negatively charged organic substances, such as humic and fulvic acids and proteins. In the presence of adsorbed polysaccharides of dextran type there is no increase of the ONP prepeak height or even a small decrease of the prepeak is observed with the increasing concentration of the polysaccharides. The application of the method is demonstrated on different seawater samples from the north Adriatic sea.
An Agent-Based Approach for a Smart Transport System

This paper presents a proposal for a Smart Transport System which is an application that facilitates the interconnection between people (citizens, tourists) and transport providers (Bus, metro, trains, trams), defining the services that everyone can request or offer. The system has been defined as a virtual organization where agents (representing actors of the transport system) can enter or leave into the system consuming or offering services. Due to the fact that modern urban public transport is increasingly an important service used by citizens in current cities, the proposed system will improve the use of resources while also ensuring time flexible mobility solutions for citizens.
Ecophysiology of a common unannotated gene transcript in surface water microbial assemblages of the oligotrophic open ocean

Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic surveys of open ocean microbial assemblages have revealed a vast number of nucleic acid sequences that are of unknown function or phylogenetic affiliation. We examined metatranscriptomic databases and found several highly expressed, yet unidentified, transcripts which were present across diverse locations in the open ocean. Comparison of the 5 most highly represented transcript contiguous sequences (hRCs) against the Global Ocean Survey (GOS) assembled metagenomic sequence database revealed that 4 of the 5 hRCs had been observed previously in open ocean microbial DNA. Amplification of the hRCs from pelagic microbial DNA yielded 1 amplicon (hRC93). To confirm that hRC93 was syntenous with the nucleotide sequence on a matching GOS contig (JCVI_SCAF_1096627329331), we amplified a 706 bp region between hRC93 and an adjacent gene from pelagic microbial DNA. We further characterized hRC93 by examining its relative frequency in metatranscriptomic libraries and performed quantitative PCR on microbial DNA collected from the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Maine, and a tropical estuary (Bayboro Harbor). Our data demonstrate that hRC93 is in a rare (~0.1-1% of cells) component of productive tropical surface water microbial assemblages, and that its role in host physiology is not related to photosynthesis or to the expression of adjacent genes on the matching GOS genome fragment. However, the large investment in hRC93 transcription suggests an important role in host ecology. These results highlight the lack of genomic information on rare marine microorganisms, but also suggest that unannotated reads in metagenomic and metatranscriptomic surveys can provide useful information on the ecophysiology of uncultivated microorganisms.
Surgical of Lumbar Disc Herniation at Zainoel Abidin General Hospital Banda Aceh: Experience with 28 Patients

Abstrak . Pembedahan adalah salah satu opsi didalam penanganan HNP Lumbal apabila penanganan secara konservatif mengalami kegagalan. Hasil pengobatan HNPL di Rumah Sakit Umum dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh belum pernah dilaporkan sebelum,nya. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini melaporkan hasil operasi pada HNPL periode tahun 2010-2012. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara retrospektif. Operasi HNPL dalam periode tersebut adalah pada 28 pasien. Tidak ditemukan HNPL pada kelompok umur group 1 (1-18 tahun), pada kelompok umur group II (19-40 tahun) didapatkan 7 pasien (25%), dan pada kelompok group III (usia lebih 40 tahun) didapatkan pada 21 pasien (75%). Berdasarkan lokasi, L2-L3 didapatkan pada 1 pasien (3.57%), L4L5 pada 20 pasien (71,42%), L5-S1 pada 3 pasien(10,71%), dan 4 pasien pasien HNPL dengan lokasi ganda. Kesimpulannya, lokasi tersering dari HNPL adalah di L4-5. Opsi pembedahan pada HNPL perlu dipertimbangkan apabila pengobatan secara konservatif mengalami kegagalan (dicoba secara konservatif dalam kurun waktu 6 minggu-6 bulan). Hemilaminektomi dan disektomi adalah prosedur tersering pada pembedahan HNPL di Rumah Sakit umum dr. Zinoel Abidin, Banda Aceh. Abstract. Surgery is one of the options in HNPL management if standar conservative treatment failed. HNP surgery results in Aceh have not been reported yet. Therefore, this study reported the HNPL surgery in Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, Banda Aceh period 2010-2012. This research was a descriptive retrospective.The incidence of HNPL who underwent surgery was 28 patients. There was no HNPL case in the age group I (0-18 years), age group II (19-40 years) was 7 patients (25%), and age group III (over 40 years) was 21 patients (75%). Based on HNPL location, no HNPL located in the L1-L2 and L3-L4, L2-L3 was 1 patient (3.57%), L4-L5 was 20 patients (71.42%), L5-S1 was 3 patients (10.71%), and there were 4 patients HNPL in multiple lumbar (14.28%). Hemilaminectomy was the most common type of surgery performed (27 patients or 96.42%), followed by laminotomy (1 patients or 3.57%). In summary, the most common lumbar disc herniation was in L4-L5. The surgical option is only for the patients that failed conservative treatment (in six weeks- six months period). Hemilaminectomy was the most common procedure performed in HNP patient in Aceh.
Transport properties of graphene with one-dimensional charge defects

We study the effect of extended charge defects in electronic transport properties of graphene. Extended defects are ubiquitous in chemically and epitaxially grown graphene samples due to internal strains associated with the lattice mismatch. We show that at low energies these defects interact quite strongly with the 2D Dirac fermions and have an important effect in the DC-conductivity of these materials.
Rapidly evolving transients in the Dark Energy Survey

We present the results of a search for rapidly evolving transients in the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Programme. These events are characterized by fast light-curve evolution (rise to peak in≲10 d and exponential decline in≲30 d after peak). We discovered 72 events, including 37 transients with a spectroscopic redshift from host galaxy spectral features. The 37 events increase the total number of rapid optical transients by more than a factor of two. They are found at a wide range of redshifts (0.05 M > -22.25). The multiband photometry is well fit by a blackbody up to few weeks after peak. The events appear to be hot (T ≈ 10 000-30 000 K) and large (R ≈ 10 - 2 × 10 cm) at peak, and generally expand and cool in time, though some events show evidence for a receding photosphere with roughly constant temperature. Spectra taken around peak are dominated by a blue featureless continuum consistent with hot, optically thick ejecta. We compare our events with a previously suggested physical scenario involving shock breakout in an optically thick wind surrounding a core-collapse supernova, we conclude that current models for such a scenario might need an additional power source to describe the exponential decline. We find that these transients tend to favour star-forming host galaxies, which could be consistent with a core-collapse origin. However, more detailed modelling of the light curves is necessary to determine their physical origin.
Changes in Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Physiological Traits of Wheat Cultivars in Response to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Different Water Regimes

This study was conducted to evaluate changes in antioxidants, free proline, relative water content and determination of root colonization of four commercial wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Azar2, Darab2, Shiraz, and Falat) inoculated with the fungus Glomus intraradices, under four water regimes of 100, 75, 50, and 25% of field capacity in the year 2010 at the School of Agriculture, Shiraz University. The means for leaf area, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root/shoot ratio were 6.0, 10.2, 15.6, 25.2, and 10.31% respectively higher in the mycorrhizal as compared to non-mycorrhizal cultivars. Water deficit stress reduced root colonization percentage and the highest root colonization (28.10%) was observed in the cultivar Azar2. Compared to the non-mycorrhizal plants, inoculation increased the average values for relative water content, proline content, total chlorophyll content, total protein, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities of mycorrhizal plants by 5.5, 35.6, 13.8, 21.6, 22.5, 22.7, and 15.5%, respectively. The highest peroxidase (9.77 U mg-1), catalase (9.82 U mg-1), and super oxide dismutase (19.80 U mg-1) activities were obtained by Azar2. The results indicated that inoculation with Glomus intraradices alleviated the deleterious effects of water deficit stress on wheat cultivars via proline accumulation and increased antioxidant activities. The cultivars Azar2 and Darab2 had higher values for most of the antioxidants and root colonization. Consequently, these cultivars could be used in wheat breeding programs for better symbiosis and drought tolerance.
Investigating a comorbid pattern of ill-health among late adolescents in relation to transdiagnostic processes : a prospective community study

An increase in anxiety, depressed mood and sleep problems has been observed among adolescents. These symptoms have high rates of comorbidity and shared psychological processes have been proposed as maintaining factors. This study examined the occurrence and development of individual profiles of depressive symptoms, anxiety and sleeps problems and investigated them in relation to catastrophic thinking and cognitive avoidance. We used longitudinal data from a community sample of 379 senior high school students at two time points, one year apart. Five clusters were identified: a low scores cluster, a sleep problems cluster, a comorbidity cluster (high on all variables), a low mood cluster and a cluster with elevation on anxiety and depressed mood (“distress”). In general, the clusters showed stability across time. However, for the low mood and “distress” cluster, there was also an increased odds of developing sleep problems. The comorbidity and the “distress” cluster displayed the highest levels of catastrophic thinking. In conclusion, symptom patterns differed among adolescents and were stable over time. Anxiety and/or depressive symptoms were a risk factor for the development of sleep problems. Symptom constellations were related to differences in catastrophic thinking and cognitive avoidance and this may explain maintenance and exacerbation of problems over time.
The Thin-Spined Porcupine, Chaetomys Subspinosus (Rodentia: Erethizontidae), within Protected Areas in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil: Local Knowledge and Threats

The thin-spined porcupine, Chaetomys subspinosus, is an endemic mammal of the Atlantic forest of northeastern Brazil. With its population declining, it has been listed as “vulnerable” in the Brazilian Red List. Its National Action Plan, published in 2011, intended to develop awareness projects about the species in local communities, to implement alternative income projects and protein consumption, and to evaluate hunting pressure. This study investigates rural residents' knowledge of the thin-spined porcupine and its uses within two protected areas. We also examine residents' behaviour and perceptions about wildlife conservation. One hundred twenty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted with rural residents of the Una Wildlife Refuge and the Serra do Conduru State Park. Local knowledge was higher among males with lower levels of formal education who were current or past hunters. Negative behaviour occurs among residents in both protected areas. There is a need for greater control of potential threats such as hunting, use of fire and deforestation, which are inconsistent with the existence of protected areas and conservation of the thin-spined porcupine. Information provided by this study can improve and promote actions within the National Action Plan for the conservation of C. subspinosus.
The JGrass-NewAge system for forecasting and managing the hydrological budgets at the basin scale: models of flow generation and propagation/routing

Abstract. This paper presents a discussion of the predictive capacity of the implementation of the semi-distributed hydrological modeling system JGrass-NewAge. This model focuses on the hydrological budgets of medium scale to large scale basins as the product of the processes at the hillslope scale with the interplay of the river network. The part of the modeling system presented here deals with the: (i) estimation of the space-time structure of precipitation, (ii) estimation of runoff production; (iii) aggregation and propagation of flows in channel; (v) estimation of evapotranspiration; (vi) automatic calibration of the discharge with the method of particle swarming. The system is based on a hillslope-link geometrical partition of the landscape, combining raster and vectorial treatment of hillslope data with vector based tracking of flow in channels. Measured precipitation are spatially interpolated with the use of kriging. Runoff production at each channel link is estimated through a peculiar application of the Hymod model. Routing in channels uses an integrated flow equation and produces discharges at any link end, for any link in the river network. Evapotranspiration is estimated with an implementation of the Priestley-Taylor equation. The model system assembly is calibrated using the particle swarming algorithm. A two year simulation of hourly discharge of the Little Washita (OK, USA) basin is presented and discussed with the support of some classical indices of goodness of fit, and analysis of the residuals. A novelty with respect to traditional hydrological modeling is that each of the elements above, including the preprocessing and the analysis tools, is implemented as a software component, built upon Object Modelling System v3 and jgrasstools prescriptions, that can be cleanly switched in and out at run-time, rather than at compiling time. The possibility of creating different modeling products by the connection of modules with or without the calibration tool, as for instance the case of the present modeling chain, reduces redundancy in programming, promotes collaborative work, enhances the productivity of researchers, and facilitates the search for the optimal modeling solution.
Discovering Association Rules from Incremental Datasets

This paper presents an efficient incremental association mining technique which can discover non-redundant, reduced set of interesting rules from continuous valued dataset, without converting into the market-basket domain. Unlike the other traditional association mining techniques, it can extract the rules from the real-life dataset directly in a single phase. During extraction of the rules, the technique evaluates the rules based on three different measures: support count, comprehensibility and interestingness. The proposed technique has been found to be useful for several real-life datasets.
Eliciting Consumer WTP for Food Characteristics in a Developing Context: Comparison of four methods in a field experiment

This paper aims at answering two objectives;1) assess consumer preference and willingness to pay for organic and food safety inspected tomatoes in a traditional African food market; 2) compare willingness to pay for the tomato attributes in four different elicitation techniques. We elicit willingness to pay for conventional, organic and/or food-safetyinspected tomatoes using methods that can be conducted with one respondent at a time: the Becker–DeGroot–Marschak mechanism, multiple price lists, multiple price lists with stated quantities, and real-choice experiments. All methods show that consumers are willing to pay a premium for organic and food-safety-inspected tomatoes. However, the size of the premium is significantly larger when consumers choose between alternatives than when they indicate their reservation price. Throughout the paper, we discuss method implementation issues for this context and make method recommendations for future research.