Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chromosome Level Genome Assembly and Comparative Genomics between Three Falcon Species Reveals an Unusual Pattern of Genome Organisation

Whole genome assemblies are crucial for understanding a wide range of aspects of falcon biology, including morphology, ecology, and physiology, and are thus essential for their care and conservation. A key aspect of the genome of any species is its karyotype, which can then be linked to the whole genome sequence to generate a so-called chromosome-level assembly. Chromosome-level assemblies are essential for marker assisted selection and genotype-phenotype correlations in breeding regimes, as well as determining patterns of gross genomic evolution. To date, only two falcon species have been sequenced and neither initially were assembled to the chromosome level. Falcons have atypical avian karyotypes with fewer chromosomes than other birds, presumably brought about by wholesale fusion. To date, however, published chromosome preparations are of poor quality, few chromosomes have been distinguished and standard ideograms have not been made. The purposes of this study were to generate analyzable karyotypes and ideograms of peregrine, saker, and gyr falcons, report on our recent generation of chromosome level sequence assemblies of peregrine and saker falcons, and for the first time, sequence the gyr falcon genome. Finally, we aimed to generate comparative genomic data between all three species and the reference chicken genome. Results revealed a diploid number of 2n = 50 for peregrine falcon and 2n = 52 for saker and gyr through high quality banded chromosomes. Standard ideograms that are generated here helped to map predicted chromosomal fragments (PCFs) from the genome sequences directly to chromosomes and thus generate chromosome level sequence assemblies for peregrine and saker falcons. Whole genome sequencing was successful in gyr falcon, but read depth and coverage was not sufficient to generate a chromosome level assembly. Nonetheless, comparative genomics revealed no differences in genome organization between gyr and saker falcons. When compared to peregrine falcon, saker/gyr differed by one interchromosomal and seven intrachromosomal rearrangements (a fusion plus seven inversions), whereas peregrine and saker/gyr differ from the reference chicken genome by 14/13 fusions (11 microchromosomal) and six fissions. The chromosomal differences between the species could potentially provide the basis of a screening test for hybrid animals.
Hybrid Image Segmentation Using Mean Shift and Predicate Algorithms

: This paper addresses the problem of image segmentation by combing different segmentation algorithms in such a way that the hybrid approach results in feasible segmentation of digital images. Segmentation is generally the first stage in any attempt to analyze or interpret an image automatically. Various segmentation algorithms like graph based, cluster based, mean shift based, intensity based, discontinuity based and predicate based are proposed so as to achieve image segmentation process. Each algorithm finds application in versatile real time problems. Although there are many segmentation algorithms, graph based, mean shift based and cluster based methods are efficient and easier to implement. As part of our work we considered hybrid combination of mean shift and predicate using algorithms. The results of mean shift segmentation are then processed by normal cuts and predicate using algorithm and the results are compared. Mean shift segmentation is robust feature space analysis algorithm capable of storing and saving the discontinuity, edge preservation of image features, it smoothens the image after segmentation. Predicate based algorithms use a function that can be again a segmentation method or a logical predicate based on the image features. Normalized cuts segmentation is the most widely used segmentation algorithm and is parameter sensitive. Cluster based algorithms clusters similar features of image to segment the image.
Heart Rate Responses during Small-Sided Soccer Games

The purpose of the present study was to examine the heart rate responses during small-sided games with different number of players. Sixteen professional soccer players were evaluated for body fat (%) using the skin fold thickness at three sites, VO2 max and running velocity at the lactate threshold using an incremental treadmill protocol. %HRmax was measured during four-, five-, six-, seven-, and eight-a side soccer games. The four-a-side game showed significantly (p<0.05) higher %HRmax in comparison to the other small-sided games. On the other hand, the %HRmax of the eight-a-side game was significantly lower (p<0.05) than three-, four-, five-, six-, and seven-a-side game. The intensity of small-sided games decreases as the number of players increase. The monitoring of heart rate during small-sided games combined with laboratory VO2 max tests is a possible way to define target training intensity zones.
Characterization and Evaluation of Antibacterial , Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity of synthesised silver nanoparticles ( AgNps ) using chloroform crude callus extracts of Wrightia tinctoria ( Roxb . )

The present work established that the chloroform callus extract taken from the leaf midrib of in vitro grown seedling of Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) is very efficient for the synthesis of AgNPs. The produced silver nanoparticles were preliminarily conformed by UV Visible spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, FTIR spectroscopy and Energy Dispersion Spectrum. UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis revealed the peak at 425nm which corresponds to the surface plasmon resonance of AgNPs. The uniform spherical shape and size was detected by SEM and TEM. The size and stability of AgNps were detected using Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta potential. The synthesised silver nano particles were evaluated for its antibacterial by agar well diffusion, antioxidant activities by DPPH assay and cytotoxicity on MCF-7 and HEK 29 were tested by MTT assay. The result indicated decrease in cell viability and cell growth inhibition. The present study highlighted the possibility of utilizing nanoparticles synthesised from in vitro derived callus of WTR for animal or human applications as it enhanced antibacterial, antioxidant activity and Cytotoxicity.
Freezing in nonacclimated oat: thermal response and histological observations of crowns during recovery

The complex nature of freezing in plants may be easier to understand if freezing is studied in nonacclimated plants at temperatures just below freezing. Thermal patterns of model systems frozen at -2.6 8C were compared with those of crown tissue from oat (Avena sativa L.). Thermal patterns of live crowns more closely resembled those of fructan and sugar solutions with filter paper than of plain water or a BSA solution. When the percentage of water freezing in nonaccli- mated plants at -2.6 8C was manually limited to 10%, the survival was reduced from 100% in supercooled plants to 25%. During cold acclimation, the percentage of water freezing at -2.6 8C went from 79% to 54% after 3 weeks of cold accli- mation and resulted in 100% survival. The nucleus of cells in the primary apical meristem of nonacclimated plants ap- peared to have disintegrated, an effect that was not observed in any cold-acclimated (unfrozen controls) plants. Nuclear pycnosis was observed in leaf sheaths surrounding the meristem and in cells directly below the meristem. Cells of secon- dary meristems and in the crown core appeared undamaged, but vessels in plants frozen for as little as 30 min were rup- tured and appeared plugged. The distinctive nature of injury in the apical meristem and the rapid ability of the plant to acclimate during cold to the stress causing this injury indicate that specific tissue, namely the apical region of the crown, should be the focus of attention when attempting to determine cause and effect between genetics or metabolism and cold acclimation in winter cereals.
Effectiveness of Corona Lockdowns: Evidence for a Number of Countries

Abstract The paper assesses the effectiveness of the large-scale lockdowns that took place during the SARS-CoV-2 (corona) pandemic. Countries considered include the United States, South Korea, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, and Sweden. Our research strategy utilizes the fact that fatal outcomes follow infections with a delay of 23 days. Therefore, the dates of the actual infections can be inferred from the data. The results suggest that lockdowns were superfluous and ineffective.
Interaction Graphs for Cascading Failure Analysis in Power Grids: A Survey.

Understanding and analyzing cascading failures in power grids have been the focus of many researchers for years. However, the complex interactions among the large number of components in these systems and their contributions to cascading failures are not yet completely understood. Therefore, various techniques have been developed and used to model and analyze the underlying interactions among the components of the power grid with respect to cascading failures. Such methods are important to reveal the essential information that may not be readily available from power system physical models and topologies. In general, the influences and interactions among the components of the system may occur both locally and at distance due to the physics of electricity governing the power flow dynamics as well as other functional and cyber dependencies among the components of the system. To infer and capture such interactions, data-driven approaches or techniques based on the physics of electricity have been used to develop graph-based models of interactions among the components of the power grid. In this survey, various methods of developing interaction graphs as well as studies on the reliability and cascading failure analysis of power grids using these graphs have been reviewed.
Corrosion Behaviour of L80 Steel Grade in Geothermal Power Plants in Switzerland

In Switzerland, deep geothermal energy can give a promising contribution to the future energy scenario. However, the expertise in operational issues of deep geothermal power plants is limited, and technical challenges, such as corrosion, are a determining factor for their reliable and long-term operation. In this work, two representative fluids of optimal geothermal conditions in Switzerland were studied. The corrosiveness of the solutions was assessed using two experimental setups that allow investigating the range of temperatures and pressures that apply to the reservoir and power plant conditions. The corrosion behaviour of API L80 steel was analyzed by means of electrochemical measurements (at 100 and 200 ∘ C ) and of gravimetric tests (at 100 ∘ C ). After the tests, the morphologies and composition of the corrosion products were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Results show that corrosion rates are significantly high at 100 ∘ C in environments with a chloride concentration of around 600 mg/L and pH around 7. The corrosion products deposited on the metal surface mainly consist of magnetite and/or hematite that might potentially form a protective layer. This study gives a first insight of the potential corrosiveness of geothermal fluids in Switzerland.
Biometric Recognition using Area under Curve Analysis of Electrocardiogram

In this paper, we introduce a human recognition system that utilizes lead I electrocardiogram (ECG). It proposes an efficient method for ECG analysis that corrects the signal and extract all major features of its waveform. FIR equiripple high pass filter is used for denoising ECG signal. R peak is detected using Haar wavelet transform. A novel class of features called as area under curve are computed from dominant fiducials of ECG waveform along with other known class of features such as interval features, amplitude features and angle features. The feasibility of an electrocardiogram as a new biometric is tested on selected features that reports the authentication performance 99.49% on QT database, 98.96% on PTB database and 98.48%on MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. The results obtained from the proposed approach surpasses the other conventional methods of biometric applications.
Bacteriological and Mycological Profile of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media

DOI: 10.21276/sjams.2018. 6.1. 21 Abstract: Chronic Suppurative Otitis media is one of the major commonest Diseases in E.N. T practice. This study was designed to learn the incidence of chronic suppurative otitis media with reference to age and sex distribution among a South Indian Population. Chronic suppurative otitis media and its possible relationship with certain predisposing factors like tonsillitis, adenoiditis, sinusitis and socio economic status, etiological agent and Antibiogram has been the primary objective. Pus was collected in two cotton swabs as the pus oozing from the middle ear. One was used for smear preparation and another for cultural studies . Of all the 100 ear swabs collected all the ear swabs was found to be culture positive. Of the 100 case of chronic suppurative otitis media, the maximum incidence with regard to age was observed in the first decade of life and then gradually declined. As for sex the cases revealed that males were more commonly affected than females with Chronic Suppurative Otitis. The incidence of tonsilloadenoiditis with 35%. , sinusitis (5%) and deflected nasal septum (5%) led to chronic suppurative otitis media. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the leading cause of CSOM. Gentamycin, Kanamycin and streptomycin were the highly sensitive drugs.
The Effect of Relaxation Training on the Pain after Surgery in 8-12 year old Children admitted to the Surgical Units of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 1393-94

Pain is one of the common problems after surgery in children that non-pharmacological methods of pain relief have been useful in some forms of the pain but the impact of these techniques, such as relaxation therapy on postoperative pain in children, is unknown. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of relaxation training on the pain after surgery in children admitted to the surgical units of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2014-2015. The Materials and Methods in This study are a clinical trial, included 104 eight to twelve year old children who underwent surgery and were randomly divided into two groups of control and intervention. Used tools included demographic characteristics questionnaire, a pain rating scale and routine care. The intervention group was trained by Benson relaxation techniques. The control group received routine care. The pain score was measured in both groups, before, one and twelve hours after intervention. The data was collected by SPSS software and analyzed using the chi square test, Fisher's exact test, independent T, one way ANOVA test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in an hour and twelve hours after intervention in both groups. In the intervention group who had received relaxation training in addition to the routine care, reported less pain in comparison with the children in control group who received routine care (p<0.05). In Conclusion the Relaxation can reduce the pain after surgery in the children.
Reliable Part-of-Speech Tagging of Low-frequency Phenomena in the Social Media Domain

We present a series of experiments to ﬁt a part-of-speech (PoS) tagger towards tagging extremely infrequent PoS tags of which we only have a limited amount of training data. The objective is to implement a tagger that tags this phenomenon with a high degree of correctness in order to be able to use it as a corpus query tool on plain text corpora, so that new instances of this phenomenon can be easily found. We focused on avoiding manual annotation as much as possible and experimented with altering the frequency weight of the PoS tag of interest in the small training data set we have. This approach was compared to adding machine tagged training data in which only the phenomenon of interest is manually corrected. We ﬁnd that adding more training data is unavoidable but machine tagging data and hand correcting the tag of interest sufﬁces. Furthermore, the choice of the tagger plays an important role as some taggers are equipped to deal with rare phenomena more adequately than others. The best trade off between precision and recall of the phenomenon of interest was achieved by a separation of the tagging into two steps An evaluation of this phenomenon-ﬁtted tagger on social media plain-text conﬁrmed that the tagger serves as a useful corpus query tool that retrieves instances of the phenomenon including many unseen ones.
Exploring Temperature-Modulated Operation Mode of Metal Oxide Gas Sensors for Robust Signal Processing

Metal oxide (MOx) gas sensor signals are mainly governed by adsorption and desorption processes of oxygen and its reaction with surrounding gas molecules. Different target gases exhibit different reaction rates leading to characteristic sensor responses for specific gas species and their concentrations. In this work, we compare temperature-modulated sensor operation (TMO) with sensor operation at a single temperature. Further, we explore if under specific TMO regimes, a simple signal processing allows for quantification of gas concentrations. We specifically investigate, if the relevant information can be captured in selected discrete wavelet coefficients. In addition, we compare the results received from this wavelet features to reaction rate evaluation features.
A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Medicines optimisation is important for the management of Parkinson’s disease (PD). As many patients with PD have other long-term conditions, treatment is complex and risk of adverse events for these patients is high. Objective: To explore the role of pharmacists and impact of pharmacy interventions for PD patients. Methods: We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Chinese databases Sinomed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure to identify studies reporting pharmacist interventions and pharmacy services for PD patients using a predefined search strategy. The search period was from inception to March 2019. We also manually searched the reference list of included studies and ClinicalTrials.gov. We conducted meta-analyses to synthesize the evidence quantitatively. Results: A total of 1607 studies were identified by applying the search criteria. After screening, 19 cross-sectional and casecontrolled studies with 1458 PD patients from 9 countries were included. Pharmacist interventions for PD patients most commonly related to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (13 studies), adherence assessment (12 studies), medication review (12 studies), identification of drug interactions (11 studies), monitoring response to medication therapy (11 studies), identification of inappropriate medication (11 studies), and patient education (10 studies). Most pharmacy services were provided in outpatient settings (13 studies). Reported impact measures included adherence (8 studies), quality of life (7 studies), and identification of drug-related problems (6 studies) such as ADRs (393 times out of 1760 times, 22.33%, 6 studies), inappropriate drug choice (349 times, 19.83%, 6 studies), inappropriate dosage (335 times, 19.03%, 6 studies), inappropriate drug use (257 times, 14.60%, 3 studies) and drugdrug interactions (146 times, 8.3%, 4 studies). Pooled results from 3 studies indicated no statistically significant impact of pharmacy services on all subscales of PD Questionnaire-39. Conclusion: ADRs were the most widely reported drug-related problems for PD patients; pharmacy services may have a role to play in medication adherence but were not found to impact on quality of life. Abbreviations: ADRs = adverse drug reactions, CIs = confidence intervals, DRPs = drug-related problems, MD = mean difference, PD= Parkinson’s disease, PDQ= Parkinson’s disease questionnaire, QoL= quality of life, RCTs= randomized controlled trials.
Service Systems at the Local Level

The level of disability among severely mentally ill persons is a substantial and costly burden on society as well as a burden on family members and the affected individual. In the past decade, research findings have brought new hope that the disabling aspects of severe mental problems can be significantly reduced by early interventions that bring individuals under the care of professionals using effective treatment and rehabilitation methods. A major challenge for research in the 1990s will be to provide the information necessary to improve the existing systems of care by answering two questions:
Findings 223 The impact and effectiveness of mandatory dru g testing in prisons

● P ro c e d u res for re f e rrals to treatment following a positive random test were underu t i l i s e d . The Research, Development and Statistics Directorate exists to improve policy making, decision taking and practice in support of the Home Office purpose and aims, to provide the public and Parliament with inform a t i o n necessary for informed debate and to publish information for future use.
Can We Really Explain Worker Flows in Transition Economies

This paper employs a new rich source of data on worker reallocation in transition economies and provides a decomposition of the aggregate changes into those attributable to sectoral reallocation, those attributable to transition per se and those attributable to demographics. Aghion and Blanchard (1994) provide a theoretical framework that allows to conceptualize a reallocation from an (implicitly inefficient) public sector to a (more efficient) private sector, which is extremely useful in the analyses of economic transition. However, transition processes are not isolated from global trends such as a shift from industry to services, which is more explicitly tackled in the sectoral reallocation models of Caballero and Hammour (1996, 2001). Finally, there are also demographic processes, which exhibit in labor market exits by people with outdated or no longer necessary skills and in labor market entries by people with possibly better matched competences. The aggregate changes in transition economies are a combination of these three mechanisms. We thus test the validity of Aghion and Blanchard (1994) as well as Caballero and Hammour (1996, 2001) in the context of 26 transition economies over the period 1989-2006. We find that demographics and education can accommodate a fair share of shift from public to private and from manufacturing to services - as opposed to the actual worker flows between jobs. Whether or not this results in reduced employment at the end of the transition process stems not from the wage setting mechanism (such as collective bargaining, indexation, etc.) but rather seems to be related to the policies able to keep older cohorts in employment.
Inflation Targeting with Sovereign Default Risk

Since the early 2000s, many emerging markets have adopted inflation targeting as their monetary policy, against a background of recurring sovereign debt crises. We develop a framework that integrates inflation targeting monetary policy with sovereign default risk and identify important interactions. Monetary policy alters incentives for international borrowing and sovereign default risk leads to more volatile nominal interest rates, needed to target inflation. We show that this framework replicates the positive co-movements of sovereign interest rate spreads with domestic nominal rates and inflation, a salient feature of emerging markets data. Our framework rationalizes the experience of Brazil during the 2015 downturn, which featured high inflation, high nominal rates, and high sovereign spreads. Our counterfactual experiment suggests that by raising the domestic rate the Brazilian central bank not only reduced inflation but also alleviated the debt crisis.