Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oral controlled release drug delivery system and Characterization of oral tablets; A review

Oral route of drug administration is considered as the safest and easiest route of drug administration. Control release drug delivery system is the emerging trend in the pharmaceuticals and the oral route is most suitable for such kind of drug delivery system. Oral route is more convenient for It all age group including both pediatric and geriatrics. There are various systems which are adopted to deliver drug in a controlled manner to different target sites through oral route. It includes diffusion controlled drug delivery systems; dissolution controlled drug delivery systems, osmotically controlled drug delivery systems, ion-exchange controlled drug delivery systems, hydrodynamically balanced systems, multi-Particulate drug delivery systems and microencapsulated drug delivery system. The systems are formulated using different natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic polymers. The purpose of the review is to provide information about the orally controlled drug delivery system, polymers which are used to formulate these systems and characterizations of one of the most convenient dosage form which is the tablets.
Control Processes in Remembering

This chapter examines some of the processes that take place in attempting to probe memory for a needed piece of information. In presentday conceptualization memory processes are divided into three phases: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Strangely enough, the distinction between storage and retrieval, so basic in current memory theorizing, is relatively new (see Baddeley, 1997; Roediger & Guynn, 1996). In classical, S-R learning theory, based primarily on animal research, storage, and retrieval were lumped together, and even the distinction between encoding and storage was not explicitly made. It was the extension of S-R principles to human verbal behavior that has brought to the fore the importance of distinguishing among encoding, storage, and retrieval.
A STUDY OF CREATIVE BEHAVIOUR IN THE EARLY AND LATE STAGE DESIGN PROCESS

While the study of creative behaviour is important within design research, there has to date been little study of that within later-stage design; an issue due to its inherent differences to early stages. Through the results of two studies, this paper presents findings in two streams: firstly the differences between stages of design in relation to the behaviour within, and second to the nature of creative behaviour in late stage design itself. Through such understanding, there is potential to develop methods of support and education particularly appropriate to the late stage design situation.
Organising Sustainable Transition: Understanding the Product, Project and Service Domain of the Built Environment

of the Built Environment DTU Orbit (05/05/2019) Organising Sustainable Transition: Understanding the Product, Project and Service Domain of the Built Environment Sustainable transition of the built environment con struction industry is challenging the existing construction practices and business models. This article presents a framework for understanding and facilitating sustainable transition in the built environment. The framework was developed through a four years innovation project based on theories on sectorial and business model i nnovation and ten detailed case studies of different types of companies and their experimentation with different management and sustainability concepts. The framework interprets the construction industry as a collection of three generic domains the Project, Product and Service domain with widely different markets, companies, business models and regulation. Besides identifying the characteristics of the different domains, the findings show that these domains are interdependent, but largely live their own lives with internal agendas. Furthermore, it is shown that the domains are subject to more or less consciously coordinated innovation activities. The research concludes that the three-domain-model represents a promising framework for understanding and facilitating sustainable transition of the construction industry and built environment.
NOVEL PROSPECTIVE FOR CHITOSAN BASED NANOMATERIALS IN PRECISION AGRICULTURE-A REVIEW

Presently, agricultural sector facing the various hurdles with change in the climate, urbanization, diminishing agricultural land, death of natural resources and meet the growing demands of the food. Hence there is more emphasis on sustainable and precision agricultural practices. Recent developments in the science and technology such as nanotechnology boon to the agriculture. The concepts of nanotechnology seeded in 1959 by Richard Feynman. He described the possibility of synthesis via manipulation of atoms directly. The term “nano-technology” was first used by Norio Taniguchi in 1974. One nanometre (nm) is one billionth, or 10"9, of a meter. In nanotechnology, basically two main approaches are usedbottom-up and top-down. In the “bottomup” approach, materials and devices are built from molecular components which self-assemble chemically by principles of molecular recognition. In the “top-down” approach, nanoobjects are constructed from larger entities without atomiclevel control. Nanomaterials are materials with a particle size less than 100 nm in at least one dimension.
CABLE: A CAche-Based Link Encoder for Bandwidth-Starved Manycores

Off-chip bandwidth is a scarce resource in modern processors, and it is expected to become even more limited on a per-core basis as we move into the era of high-throughput and massively-parallel computation. One promising approach to overcome limited bandwidth is off-chip link compression. Unfortunately, previously proposed latency-driven compression schemes are not a good fit for latency-tolerant manycore systems, and they often do not have the dictionary capacity to accommodate more than a few concurrent threads. In this work, we present CABLE, a novel CAche-Based Link Encoder that enables point-to-point link compression between coherent caches, re-purposing the data already stored in the caches as a massive and scalable dictionary for data compression. We show the broad applicability of CABLE by applying it to two critical off-chip links: (1) the memory link interface to off-chip memory, and (2) the cache-coherent link between processors in a multi-chip system. We have implemented CABLE's search pipeline hardware in Verilog using the OpenPiton framework to show its feasibility. Evaluating with SPEC2006, we find that CABLE increases effective off-chip bandwidth by 7.2x and system throughput by 3.78x on average, 83% and 258% better than CPACK, respectively.
Climate Change Policy and Patterns of International Trade

This paper analyzes the relationship between climate change policies and international trade flows. Using data on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions intensities for disaggregated industries and U.S. imports from 1990 to 2010, I find that committing to a quantified emissions target under the Kyoto Protocol is associated with a country exporting less to the U.S. in emissions-intensive industries. This effect is quantitatively important and is comparable to that of factor endowments on comparative advantage. Moreover this pattern is not present prior to the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol, but only emerges as it went into effect. On the other hand, there is little evidence that non-committed countries are specializing in more emissions-intensive industries. JEL Classification Codes: F18, Q54, Q56
Random Recursive Trees and Preferential Attachment Trees are Random Split Trees

We consider linear preferential attachment trees, and show that they can be regarded as random split trees in the sense of Devroye (1999), although with infinite potential branching. In particular, this applies to the random recursive tree and the standard preferential attachment tree. An application is given to the sum over all pairs of nodes of the common number of ancestors.
Simple synthesis of superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles and ion effect on magnetic fluids

Simple and low cost synthesis of superparamagnetic fine magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles can be done by co-precipitation method in air atmosphere. The effects of the air or nitrogen atmosphere combined with the molar ratio of Fe/Fe and the stirring rate on the size and magnetic properties of nanoparticles have been comparatively studied. The average particle size and size-distribution of nanoparticles were measured by nano-zeta sizer. Results showed that the smallest particle size was found to be 44.7 nm with the narrowest size-distribution of 0.211 in air atmosphere. The x-ray patterns indicated that all nanoparticles have face-centred cubic structure confirming the characteristic peaks of magnetite. The magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles studied by vibrating sample magnetometer exhibited typical superparamagnetism. It is revealed that molar ratio of 2/3 for Fe/Fe in air atmosphere can be preferred to the one of 1/2 in nitrogen medium at the stirring rate of 2000 rpm. Magnetic properties of nanoparticles dispersed in different acid medium were also studied, and the highest saturation magnetisation, Ms was observed at HClO4 medium.
Decision Making under Uncertainty in Financial Markets Improving Decisions with Stochastic Optimization

This thesis addresses the topic of decision making under uncertainty, with particular focus on financial markets. The aim of this research is to support improved decisions in practice, and related to this, to advance our understanding of financial markets. Stochastic optimization provides the tools to determine optimal decisions in uncertain environments, and the optimality conditions of these models produce insights into how financial markets work. To be more concrete, a great deal of financial theory is based on optimality conditions derived from stochastic optimization models. Therefore, an important part of the development of financial theory is to study stochastic optimization models that step-by-step better capture the essence of reality. This is the motivation behind the focus of this thesis, which is to study methods that in relation to prevailing models that underlie financial theory allow additional real-world complexities to be properly modeled. The overall purpose of this thesis is to develop and evaluate stochastic optimization models that support improved decisions under uncertainty on financial markets. The research into stochastic optimization in financial literature has traditionally focused on problem formulations that allow closed-form or ‘exact’ numerical solutions; typically through the application of dynamic programming or optimal control. The focus in this thesis is on two other optimization methods, namely stochastic programming and approximate dynamic programming, which open up opportunities to study new classes of financial problems. More specifically, these optimization methods allow additional and important aspects of many real-world problems to be captured. This thesis contributes with several insights that are relevant for both financial and stochastic optimization literature. First, we show that the modeling of several real-world aspects traditionally not considered in the literature are important components in a model which supports corporate hedging decisions. Specifically, we document the importance of modeling term premia, a rich asset universe and transaction costs. Secondly, we provide two methodological contributions to the stochastic programming literature by: (i) highlighting the challenges of realizing improved decisions through more stages in stochastic programming models; and (ii) developing an importance sampling method that
A proposal for optimizing internetwork matching of ontologies

A System-of-Systems (SoS) is a set of independent information systems that must communicate with each other towards providing a specific service. Therefore, effectively integrating these systems is demanding. Considering that each system is conceptually described by a unique ontology, the conceptual support for the whole SoS demands the alignment of all ontologies, deriving a network of ontologies. Existing ontology matching techniques may be used for the task; however, due to the recently increasing size of the ontologies and the potential number of ontologies being aligned, current approaches may suffer from scalability and performance issues. In this paper, we introduce an approach to reduce the number of potential correspondences, therefore optimizing the process of creating a network of ontologies. A preliminary experiment was conducted, showing the potential of the proposed approach.
Tide model accuracy in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica, from radar interferometry observations of ice shelf motion

[1] This study assesses the accuracy of tide model predictions in the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica. Tide model accuracy in this region is poorly constrained, yet tide models contribute to simulations of ocean heat transfer and to the removal of tidal signals from satellite observations of ice shelves. We use two satellite-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) methods to measure the tidal motion of the Dotson Ice Shelf at multiple epochs: a single-difference technique that measures tidal displacement and a double-difference technique that measures changes in tidal displacement. We use these observations to evaluate predictions from three tide models (TPXO7.1, CATS2008a_opt, and FES2004). All three models perform comparably well, exhibiting root-mean-square deviations from the observations of ∼9 cm (single-difference technique) and ∼10 cm (double-difference technique). Care should be taken in generalizing these error statistics because (1) the Dotson Ice Shelf experiences relatively small semidiurnal tides and (2) our observations are not sensitive to all tidal constituents. An error analysis of our InSAR-based methods indicates measurement errors of 7 and 4 cm for the single- and double-difference techniques, respectively. A model-based correction for the effect of fluctuations in atmospheric pressure yields an ∼6% improvement in the agreement between tide model predictions and observations. This study suggests that tide model accuracy in the Amundsen Sea is comparable to other Antarctic regions where tide models are better constrained. These methods can be used to evaluate tide models in other remote Antarctic waters.
A Survey on DDoS Attack and Defense Strategies: From Traditional Schemes to Current Techniques

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks exhaust victim’s bandwidth or services. Traditional architecture of Internet is vulnerable to DDoS attacks and an ongoing cycle of attack & defense is observed. A recent attack report of year 2013 — ‘Quarter 1’ from Prolexic Technologies identifies that 1.75 percent increase in total number of DDoS attacks has been recorded as compared to similar attacks of previous year’s last quarter. In this paper, different types and techniques of DDoS attacks and their countermeasures are surveyed. The significance of this paper is the coverage of many aspects of countering DDoS attacks including new research on the topic. We survey different papers describing methods of defense against DDoS attacks based on entropy variations, traffic anomaly parameters, neural networks, device level defense, botnet flux identifications, application layer DDoS defense and countermeasures in wireless networks, CCN & cloud computing environments. We also discuss some traditional methods of defense such as traceback and packet filtering techniques, so that readers can identify major differences between traditional and current techniques of defense against DDoS attacks. We identify that application layer DDoS attacks possess the ability to produce greater impact on the victim as they are driven by legitimate-like traffic, making it quite difficult to identify and distinguish from legitimate requests. The need of improved defense against such attacks is therefore more demanding in research. The study conducted in this paper can be helpful for readers and researchers to recognize better techniques of defense in current times against DDoS attacks and contribute with more research on this topic in the light of future challenges identified in this paper.
expression in the rat genome Natural variation of histone modification and its impact on gene Material Supplemental

Material Supplemental http://genome.cshlp. org/content/suppl/2014/04/17/gr.169029. 113.DC1. html References http://genome.cshlp. org/content/24/6/942.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 56 articles, 19 of which can be accessed free at: License Commons Creative . http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ described at a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as ). After six months, it is available under http://genome.cshlp. org/site/misc/terms.xhtml first six months after the full-issue publication date (see This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the
Luminescence-Spectrum Modification of White Light-Emitting Diodes by Using 3D Colloidal Photonic Crystals

In recent times, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been used all over the world, such as general lighting, automotive lighting, backlighting of displays, and street signals. In addition, white LEDs (WLEDs) that have grown rapidly have been a popular source of general illumination. WLEDs have attracted considerable attention for the lighting indus‐ try because of their numerous advantages, such as high brightness, high reliability, and low energy consumption [1]. The color of WLEDs is evaluated by two parameters: the correlat‐ ed color temperature (CCT) and the color-rendering index (CRI). WLEDs used for general lighting exhibit CCT of approximately 2700 K (as incandescent bulbs), 3000 K (as warmfluorescent tubes), and 5000 K (as cold-fluorescent tubes), respectively. Cold-WLEDs (cWLEDs) are used for general lighting, and warm-WLEDs (w-WLEDs) create a feeling of wellbeing. The w-WLEDs are a particularly valuable light source because they provide comfortable residential lighting, is approximately 2700 K to 3000 K.
Estimating Deformation of Neurons in Fluorescent Images

A main challenge in deformation estimation for fluorescent imaging is to decrease the effects of unavoidable random photon shot noise of fluorescence. To solve this open problem, an efficient second-order minimization (ESM) based non-rigid deformation estimation method on fluorescent imaging of neurons is proposed as a visual aid tool for understanding the relationship of neuron activities and behaviors. Because local features, such as corners, lines, arc segments, usually used for deformation estimation, could be compromised by fluorescence noise, global intensity information of all the pixels in a region of interest (ROI) is used as a texture pattern to guide parameterized deformation estimation. By satisfying this principle, three deformation models including affine, homography and Thin Plate Spline (TPS) based on the ESM algorithm are implemented and evaluated. The experimental results illustrate that the homography is the best choice of correctly and robustly estimating parameters for fluorescent deformations under our experimental condition. By using these parameters, the fluorescent intensity in restored image can be measured and analyzed without the disturbance of noise and deformation which can be significant for understanding how nervous system affects and controls animals’ behaviors.
Early season depletion of dissolved iron in the Ross Sea polynya : Implications for iron dynamics on the Antarctic continental shelf

[1] The Ross Sea polynya is among the most productive regions in the Southern Ocean and may constitute a significant oceanic CO2 sink. Based on results from several field studies, this region has been considered seasonally iron limited, whereby a “winter reserve” of dissolved iron (dFe) is progressively depleted during the growing season to low concentrations (∼0.1 nM) that limit phytoplankton growth in the austral summer (December–February). Here we report new iron data for the Ross Sea polynya during austral summer 2005–2006 (27 December–22 January) and the following austral spring 2006 (16 November–3 December). The summer 2005–2006 data show generally low dFe concentrations in polynya surface waters (0.10 ± 0.05 nM in upper 40 m, n = 175), consistent with previous observations. Surprisingly, our spring 2006 data reveal similar low surface dFe concentrations in the polynya (0.06 ± 0.04 nM in upper 40 m, n = 69), in association with relatively high rates of primary production (∼170–260 mmol C m−2 d−1). These results indicate that the winter reserve dFe may be consumed relatively early in the growing season, such that polynya surface waters can become “iron limited” as early as November; i.e., the seasonal depletion of dFe is not necessarily gradual. Satellite observations reveal significant biomass accumulation in the polynya during summer 2006–2007, implying significant sources of “new” dFe to surface waters during this period. Possible sources of this new dFe include episodic vertical exchange, lateral advection, aerosol input, and reductive dissolution of particulate iron.
Observations of the cold wake of Typhoon Fanapi (2010)

Several tens of thousands of temperature profiles are used to investigate the thermal evolution of the cold wake of Typhoon Fanapi, 2010. Typhoon Fanapi formed a cold wake in the Western North Pacific Ocean on 18 September characterized by a mixed layer that was >2.5 °C cooler than the surrounding water, and extending to >80 m, twice as deep as the preexisting mixed layer. The initial cold wake became capped after 4 days as a warm, thin surface layer formed. The thickness of the capped wake, defined as the 26 °C–27 °C layer, decreased, approaching the background thickness of this layer with an e‐folding time of 23 days, almost twice the e‐folding lifetime of the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) cold wake (12 days). The wake was advected several hundreds of kilometers from the storm track by a preexisting mesoscale eddy. The observations reveal new intricacies of cold wake evolution and demonstrate the challenges of describing the thermal structure of the upper ocean using sea surface information alone.
Representing Concepts in Formal Ontologies: Compositionality vs. Typicality Effects"

The problem of concept representation is relevant for many subfields of cognitive research, including psychology and philosophy, as well as artificial intelligence. In particular, in recent years it has received a great deal of attention within the field of knowledge representation, due to its relevance for both knowledge engineering as well as ontology-based technologies. However, the notion of a concept itself turns out to be highly disputed and problematic. In our opinion, one of the causes of this state of affairs is that the notion of a concept is, to some extent, heterogeneous, and encompasses different cognitive phenomena. This results in a strain between conflicting requirements, such as compositionality, on the one hand and the need to represent prototypical information on the other. In some ways artificial intelligence research shows traces of this situation. In this paper, we propose an analysis of this current state of affairs. Since it is our opinion that a mature methodology with which to approach knowledge representation and knowledge engineering should also take advantage of the empirical results of cognitive psychology concerning human abilities, we outline some proposals for concept representation in formal ontologies, which take into account suggestions from psychological research. Our basic assumption is that knowledge representation systems whose design takes into account evidence from experimental psychology (and which, therefore, are more similar to the human way of organizing and processing information) may therefore give better results in many applications (e.g. in the fields of information retrieval and semantic web).