Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grammatical Predictors for fMRI

There is widespread agreement that a network of brain regions surrounding the Sylvian fissure supports human language comprehension (Stowe et al., 2005; Dronkers et al., 2004; Pallier et al., 2011). Less clear is what the individual anatomical sites of this network actually do. Towards a more precise functional anatomy of language comprehension, we correlated timeseries predictions from a variety of grammatical predictors with fMRI data from several wellknown brain regions. The results serve to categorize the types of the language-processing these areas carry out. In particular, they confirm a statistically-significant role for a predictor based on Minimalist Grammars (Chomsky, 1995; Stabler, 1997). We model blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signals from fMRI that are time-locked to each spoken word in an audiobook. The case for such naturalistic stimuli in neuroscience has been made by Hasson & Honey (2012), who argued that findings within a controlled laboratory setup may not be ecologically valid in real-life contexts. We analyzed the freely-available region of interest (ROI) timecourses from Brennan et al. (2016) with two additional regressors not considered before: a memory-based metric “structural distance" and a distributional-semantic metric indicating “conceptual combination". We found that even with these covariates, the predictor based on Minimalist Grammars still significantly improved a regression model of the BOLD signal in the posterior temporal region, roughly corresponding to Wernicke’s area. Our methodology follows Brennan et al. (2016), which itself responds to Sprouse & Hornstein’s (2016) exhortation to collaboratively construct a cognitive neuroscience of syntactic structure building: First identifying the structure-building computations at each point in constructions, then asking whether there is evidence for those computations in neural signals. This
ANTAGONISMS BETWEEN PURINES AND PURINE ANALOGUES IN AUXOTROPHS OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM

A number of bacterial strains have been used to study the interactions between purines and their structural analogues (Roblin, 1954; Elion, Singer, and Hitchings, 1954; Mandel, 1959; Anderson and Law, 1960). Those strains with specific requirements for purines have been especially useful in such analyses (Collier and Huskinson, 1957). In all of these studies, the structural analogues, acting as inhibitors, have been analyzed in terms of competitive and noncompetitive interactions with the growthpromoting purines. The discovery of a specific guanine-requiring mutant of Salmonella typhimurium has provided a particularly unique system for an extended study of the interactions of several purine analogues. With this organism, 2, 6-diaminopurine, an analogue which is normally an inhibitor of growth, serves as an efficient growth factor. Under such conditions of growth, it was found that a natural purine, adenine, and a structural analogue of guanine, 8-azaguanine, become powerful inhibitors. Furthermore, the growth inhibited by 8-azaguanine can be restored by 6-mercaptopurine, an analogue which normally shows a strong inhibitory action against the prototrophic wild type. The mutant was also found useful in comparing relative competitive effectiveness of other adenine-like analogues with diaminopurine. Other mutants were used for the purposes of comparison. A description of these events and analysis of these interactions form the subject of this paper.
A Framework for Semantic In-network Caching and Prefetching in 5G Mobile Networks

Recent popularity of mobile devices increased the demand for mobile network services and applications that require minimal delay. 5G mobile networks are expected to provide much lesser delay than the present mobile networks. One of the conventional ways for decreasing latency is caching content closer to end users. However, currently deployed methods are not effective enough. In this paper, we propose a new astute in-network caching framework that is able to smartly predict subsequent user requests and prefetch necessary contents to remarkably decrease the end-to-end latency in 5G mobile networks. We employ semantic inference by edge computing, deduce what the end-user may request in the sequel and prefetch the content. We validate the proposed technique by emulations, compare it with the state of the art and present impressive gains.
Globally optimal antenna selection and power allocation for energy efficiency maximization in downlink distributed antenna systems

Green communications are becoming an inevitable trend for future wireless network design, meanwhile, as a promising technique, distributed antenna systems (DAS) cater for this evolution. In this paper, we focus on the problem of devising globally optimal antenna selection and power allocation algorithm in downlink DAS to achieve energy efficiency (EE) maximization. We formulate it as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP), which maximizes EE subject to rate requirements, transmit power, and antenna selection constraints. By equivalent transformation, an iterative antenna selection and power allocation algorithm is proposed based on nonlinear fractional programming theory, and branch and bound methods. Our algorithm ensures global optimality and thus, it provides an important benchmark for performance evaluation of other heuristic algorithms targeting the same problem. Simulation results show that the computation complexity can be dramatically reduced comparing with exhaustive search, as well as demonstrate that a significant gain can be obtained in terms of EE against the schemes without antenna selection.
Learning to soar: Resource-constrained exploration in reinforcement learning

This paper examines temporal difference reinforcement learning with adaptive and directed exploration for resource-limited missions. The scenario considered is that of an unpowered aerial glider learning to perform energy-gaining flight trajectories in a thermal updraft. The presented algorithm, eGP-SARSA(λ), uses a Gaussian process regression model to estimate the value function in a reinforcement learning framework. The Gaussian process also provides a variance on these estimates that is used to measure the contribution of future observations to the Gaussian process value function model in terms of information gain. To avoid myopic exploration we developed a resource-weighted objective function that combines an estimate of the future information gain using an action rollout with the estimated value function to generate directed explorative action sequences. A number of modifications and computational speed-ups to the algorithm are presented along with a standard GP-SARSA(λ) implementation with ε -greedy exploration to compare the respective learning performances. The results show that under this objective function, the learning agent is able to continue exploring for better state-action trajectories when platform energy is high and follow conservative energy-gaining trajectories when platform energy is low.
Phrase-based Machine Translation in a Computer-assisted Translation Environment

We explore the problem of integrating a phrase-based MT system within a computer-assisted translation (CAT) environment. We argue that one way of achieving successful integration is to design an MT system that behaves more like the translation memory (TM) component of CAT systems. This implies producing MT output that is consistent with that of a TM when high-similarity material exists in the training data; it also implies providing the MT system with a component that is capable of ﬁltering out machine translations that are less likely to be useful. We propose solutions to both problems, and evaluate their impact on three different data sets. Our results indicate that the proposed approach leads to systems that produce better output than a TM, for a larger portion of the source text.
Effect of splenectomy on T lymphocyte subsets in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

A case-control study was conducted at two institutions to determine whether the absolute CD4 lymphocyte count or the percentage of lymphocytes bearing the CD4 marker (i.e., the CD4 percentage) is a more accurate indicator of underlying immune status in splenectomized patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Each of nine splenectomized HIV-infected cases was matched with six nonsplenectomized HIV-infected controls--three matched for CD4 lymphocyte count and three for CD4 percentage. In analyses including the eight cases with an initial CD4 lymphocyte count of > 200/mm3, controlling for the CD4 count revealed differences between cases and controls in terms of CD4 percentage (range, 10%-41% and 17%-54%, respectively; P < .01) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) clinical stage (P = .06). Controlling for the CD4 percentage revealed a significant difference between cases and controls in terms of CD4 count (range, 396-1,040 and 55-784 cells/mm3, respectively; P < .01) but not CDC clinical stage (P > .7). These data suggest that the numerical relationship between the CD4 lymphocyte count and the CD4 percentage among splenectomized HIV-infected patients with more than 200 CD4 cells/mm3 differs from that among nonsplenectomized patients. The CD4 percentage appears to be a more accurate indicator of the underlying level of immune function in the former group of patients.
The anatomy of an experience repository

This paper presents empirical data on the use of a software engineering experience repository in a small software organisation. The data contains information about use, usefulness and structure of the repository. Analysis of the data provides insights into how experience management can support software development in a small software organisation. The data shows that the organisation used the experience repository extensively, found the repository positively useful and realized tangible benefits from its use. The most entered and retrieved types of experience were code examples and document templates and examples, suggesting that the experience repository supported the organisation by providing a vehicle for reuse of concrete development artifacts.
Facile synthesis of graphene on dielectric surfaces using a two-temperature reactor CVD system

Direct deposition of graphene on a dielectric substrate is demonstrated using a chemical vapor deposition system with a two-temperature reactor. The two-temperature reactor is utilized to offer sufficient, well-proportioned floating Cu atoms and to provide a temperature gradient for facile synthesis of graphene on dielectric surfaces. The evaporated Cu atoms catalyze the reaction in the presented method. C atoms and Cu atoms respectively act as the nuclei for forming graphene film in the low-temperature zone and the zones close to the high-temperature zones. A uniform and high-quality graphene film is formed in an atmosphere of sufficient and well-proportioned floating Cu atoms. Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy confirm the presence of uniform and high-quality graphene.
A Simple Procedure to Develop Efficient & Stable Hybrid/Mixed Elements, and Voronoi Cell Finite Elements for Macro- & Micromechanics

A simple procedure to formulate efficient and stable hybrid/mixed finite elements is developed, for applications in macroas well as micromechanics. In this method, the strain and displacement field are independently assumed. Instead of using two-field variational principles to enforce both equilibrium and compatibility conditions in a variational sense, the independently assumed element strains are related to the strains derived from the independently assumed element displacements, at a finite number of collocation points within the element. The element stiffness matrix is therefore derived, by simply using the principle of minimum potential energy. Taking the four-node plane isoparametric element as an example, different hybrid/mixed elements are derived, by adopting different element strain field assumptions, and using different collocation points. These elements are guaranteed to be stable. Moreover, the computational efficiency of these elements is far better than that for traditional hybrid/mixed elements, or even better than primal finite elements, because the strain field is expressed analytically as simple polynomials (whereas, in isoparametric displacement-based element, the strain field is far more complicated), with nodal displacements as unknowns. The essential idea is thereafter extended to Voronoi cell finite elements, for micromechanical analysis of materials. Neither these four-node hybrid/mixed elements nor the Vonroni cell finite elements need to satisfy the equilibrium conditions a priori, making them suitable for extension to geometrically nonlinear and dynamical analyses. Various numerical experiments are conducted using these new elements, and the results are compared to those obtained by using traditional hybrid/mixed elements and primal finite elements. Performances of the different elements are compared in terms of efficiency, stability, invariance, locking, sensitivity to mesh distortion, and convergence rates. 1 Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Email: leitingd@uci.edu 2 Center for Aerospace Research & Education, University of California, Irvine 62 Copyright © 2011 Tech Science Press CMC, vol.24, no.1, pp.61-104, 2011
DNA sequence of the androgen receptor in prostatic tumor cell lines and tissue specimens assessed by means of the polymerase chain reaction

Essentially all prostatic carcinomas relapse to an androgen‐independent stage during androgen ablation therapy. The underlying genetic changes are still unclear. Such changes are suspected to affect the androgen‐signalling pathway as well as growth promoting and inhibiting factors. This study was undertaken to test for structural changes of the androgen receptor in prostatic tumor cell lines and primary tumors. Complementary DNA (cDNA) fragments of the androgen receptor (AR) were isolated from the cell lines LNCaP, PC‐3, and DU 145, ten tissue specimens obtained by radical prostatectomy, and five fine‐needle biopsies by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Fragments encoding the hormone‐and DNA‐binding domains were analyzed by DNA sequencing. The PCR technique is highly sensitive and especially recommended for the analysis of small tissue samples, such as those obtained by fine‐needle aspiration.
Clinical study of Widex Senso on first-time hearing aid users.

Using psychoacoustic tests and questionnaires, the aim of this study was to clinically test Widex Senso (WS) versus analogue hearing aids on 200 first-time wearers. Half of the participants were selected at random for fitting with the behind-the-ear model (WS C8) or the in-the-canal model (WS CX). On a group basis, WS was found to provide more benefit than a palette of 29 analogue, modern hearing aid models from 10 manufacturers. Only 3 of 100 subjects changed from WS to another hearing aid. On average, the abbreviated profile of hearing aid benefit (APHAB) (Cox & Alexander, 1995) demonstrated superior performance for WS, i.e. no conflict existed between high comfort and high speech recognition. Median aided frequency-modulated tone thresholds in the sound field were better than 25 dB HL at frequencies up to 4 kHz inclusive. A distinct mean aided improvement of speech threshold in competing speech of 2.5 dB was found in both groups.
Alteration of Microtubule Dynamic Instability during Preprophase Band Formation Revealed by Yellow Fluorescent Protein–CLIP170 Microtubule Plus-End Labeling Online version contains Web-only data. Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tp

At the onset of mitosis, plant cells form a microtubular preprophase band that defines the plane of cell division, but the mechanism of its formation remains a mystery. Here, we describe the use of mammalian yellow fluorescent protein–tagged CLIP170 to visualize the dynamic plus ends of plant microtubules in transfected cowpea protoplasts and in stably transformed and dividing tobacco Bright Yellow 2 cells. Using plus-end labeling, we observed dynamic instability in different microtubular conformations in live plant cells. The interphase plant microtubules grow at 5 μm/min, shrink at 20 μm/min, and display catastrophe and rescue frequencies of 0.02 and 0.08 events/s, respectively, exhibiting faster turnover than their mammalian counterparts. Strikingly, during preprophase band formation, the growth rate and catastrophe frequency of plant microtubules double, whereas the shrinkage rate and rescue frequency remain unchanged, making microtubules shorter and more dynamic. Using these novel insights and four-dimensional time-lapse imaging data, we propose a model that can explain the mechanism by which changes in microtubule dynamic instability drive the dramatic rearrangements of microtubules during preprophase band and spindle formation in plant cells.
Pretreatment methods of lignocellulosic materials for biofuel production : a review

The environment of the world is crumbling under the major crisis of global warming and environmental degradation. To face these problems stimulated efforts to reduce CO2 emissions are needed and it is essential to consider green energy solutions. Biofuels offer one of the best alternative options as they have much lower life cycle GHG emissions compared to fossil fuels. These are liquid fuels derived from renewable biological sources. However, the problem of economic production is acting as the major challenge in its acceptance. Though several types of biofuels exist, bioethanol and biobutanol are considered the most economic choices as they could be mixed with petroleum and used as gasohol, and can be used to harness the already existing market of the fossil fuels. Lignocelluloses - the most abundant biological material on earth - is considered one of the best feedstocks for conversion to biofuel. Lignocellulosic matter is everywhere - agricultural and forestry residue, weeds, municipal, food and paper industry waste, etc. Using lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel conversion can wind up several economic constraints like biomass cost, collection and storage of biomass, etc. The bioconversion process is however very complex and still requires many innovations. This paper gives an overview of the challenges faced during lignocellulose bioconversion and deals with the latest technologies to overcome one of the major hurdles in the process - the pretreatment procedure. The study tries to present the pretreatment technologies with an overall comparison and their effect on the major feedstock types.
Time-Series Analysis in Linguistics: Application of the ARIMA Method to Cases of Spoken Polish

Abstract In this paper the ARIMA method of time‐series analysis is applied to textual data. Four prosodic types of Polish are discussed (children's verse, complex verse, rhetorical discourse and literary prose). The analysis proves that each of these prosodic types conveys rhythmical components. We have also defined and compared formal models of the sequential structure of text for the treated samples.
Toxicity of the antimalarial artemisinin and its dervatives

As long as no effective malaria vaccine is available, chemotherapy belongs to the most important weapons fighting malaria. One of the most promising new drug developments is the sesquiterpene artemisinin (ARS) and its derivatives, e.g., artemether, arteether, and sodium artesunate. Large clinical studies and meta-analyses did not show serious side effects, although proper monitoring of adverse effects in developing countries might not be a trivial task. There is a paucity of large-scale clinical trials suitable to detect rare but significant toxicity. Therefore, a final and definitive statement on the safety of artemisinins still cannot be made. In contrast, animal experiments show considerable toxicity upon application of artemisinins. In the present review, the authors give a comprehensive overview on toxicity studies in cell culture and in animals (mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, monkeys) as well as on toxicity reported in human clinical trials. The authors emphasize the current knowledge on neurotoxicity, embryotoxicity, genotoxicity, hemato- and immunotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and allergic reactions. The lesson learned from animal and human studies is that long-term availability rather than short-term peak concentrations of artemisinins cause toxicity. Rapid elimination of artemisinins after oral intake represents a relatively safe route of administration compared to delayed drug release after intramuscular (i.m.) injection. This explains why considerable toxicities were found in the majority of animal experiments, but not in human studies. In addition, there are drug-related differences, i.e., intramuscular application of artemether or arteether, but not to artesunate, which is safe and gives good profiles after i.m. administration in severe malaria. Although there is no need to increase doses of artemisinins for uncomplicated malaria, this has to be taken into account for cerebellar involvement in severe malaria. It might also be important in determining dose limitations for treatment of other diseases such as cancer.
Reinforced Morlet wavelet transform for bearing fault diagnosis

Morlet wavelet transform has been successfully used in signal de-noising for bearing fault diagnosis. However, the existing approach has shortcomings in optimal mother wavelet parameters selection criterion and envelope signal reconstruction. This paper presents two improvements to overcome the two shortcoming of the existing approach, and proposed the reinforced Morlet wavelet transform. Two case studies were conducted to compare the performance of reinforced Morlet wavelet transform with the existing approach. Preliminary results have shown the fault detection consistency improvement from existing 17.7% to 67.6%. Results also shown of the early-fault-detection ability of the reinforced Morlet wavelet transform.
Image Completion: Survey and Comparative Study

Image completion is an active and interesting research area in image processing and computer graphics. Restoration and retouching of damaged areas in an undetectable form is the objective of image completion techniques. Most of the recently developed video completion methods are extensions of image completion techniques to restore the damaged frames. With respect to video completion challenges and image completion future work, we survey existing methods and introduce a new classification. The methods in each category are described in detail. In the second part of the paper, we provide a comparison and evaluation study between the most recent image completion methods qualitatively as well as quantitatively. For a fair comparison, we introduced a new dataset and evaluated four available image completion methods on the same hardware. Experimental results are conducted to highlight the strengths and drawbacks of each image completion method.