Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computational study of the CF4 /CHF3 / H2 /Cl2 /O2 /HBr gas phase plasma chemistry

A modelling study is performed of high-density low-pressure inductively coupled CF4/CHF3/H2/Cl2/O2/HBr plasmas under different gas mixing ratios. A reaction set describing the complete plasma chemistry is presented and discussed. The gas fraction of each component in this mixture is varied to investigate the sensitivity of the plasma properties, like electron density, plasma potential and species densities, towards the gas mixing ratios. This research is of great interest for microelectronics applications because these gases are often combined in two (or more)-component mixtures, and mixing gases or changing the fraction of a gas can sometimes yield unwanted reaction products or unexpected changes in the overall plasma properties due to the increased chemical complexity of the system. Increasing the CF4 fraction produces more F atoms for chemical etching as expected, but also more prominently lowers the density of Cl atoms, resulting in an actual drop in the etch rate under certain conditions. Furthermore, CF4 decreases the free electron density when mixed with Cl2. However, depending on the other gas components, CF4 gas can also sometimes enhance free electron density. This is the case when HBr is added to the mixture. The addition of H2 to the gas mixture will lower the sputtering process, not only due to the lower overall positive ion density at higher H2 fractions, but also because more H+, H2+ and H3+ are present and they have very low sputter yields. In contrast, a larger Cl2 fraction results in more chemical etching but also in less physical sputtering due to a smaller abundance of positive ions. Increasing the O2 fraction in the plasma will always lower the etch rate due to more oxidation of the wafer surface and due to a lower plasma density. However, it is also observed that the density of F atoms can actually increase with rising O2 gas fraction. This is relevant to note because the exact balance between fluorination and oxidation is important for fine-tuning the overall etch rate and for control of the sidewall profile. Finally, HBr is often used as a chemical etcher, but when mixed with F- or Cl-containing gases, HBr creates the same diluting effects as Ar or He, because a higher fraction results in less chemical etching but more (physical) sputtering.
Effect of Diets With Different Lysine Levels on the Hemograms of Juvenile Tambaqui Colosssoma Macropomum (CUVIER, 1818)

Blood transports lysine and other nutrients derived from the diet and ensures good health and greater productivity for the fish. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the hematological behavior of juvenile tambaqui Colossoma macropomum nourished with levels of 9.72, 12.84, 15.96, 19.08 and 22.20 g.Kg-1 of total lysine, corresponding, respectively, to the supplementation levels with L-lysine: 0.00, 4.00, 8.00, 12.00, 16.00 and 20.00 g.Kg-1 of L-lysine. The blood of the fish was collected in the initial and final periods by puncture of the caudal vein. The variables were validated by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p< 0.05). No differences were found for hemoglobin, hematocrit, CHCM, leukocytes of the eosinophil and monocyte types, and thrombocytes (p> 0.05). The changes observed in total leukocytes were not attributed to diets (p= 0.00). Means of CMV, HCM, lymphocytes and neutrophils, varied over the initial period, but not in regard to different lysine levels (p< 0.05). Thus, it is concluded that the varying lysine levels of the diets did not compromise the hematological parameters analyzed.
Deep Review of Machine Learning Techniques on Detection of Drowsiness Using EEG Signal

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is used to analyze the state of the brain. One of the critical states of the brain is drowsiness. Physical, mental tiredness, and unconsciousness are some of the reasons for drowsiness. Drowsiness state may lead to fatal crashes, severe injury, and property damage; sometimes, it can be analyzed and detected by using EEG. Analyzing EEG signals is complicated and tedious, so an automated diagnosis is required to interpret these signals effectively. In recent years, finding drowsy feeling while working has become an important research area. In this paper, the authors reviewed various drowsiness detection techniques in the literature and analyzed the performance of 15 different machine learning algorithms for the self-acquired feature set from the EEG.
The Role of Commitment in the Relationship between Components of Organizational Culture and Intention to Stay

For an institution to be classified as one of the best or worst, it largely depends on the people behind it. An institution’s human resource is, therefore, seen as its most important asset. This paper investigates the role of employee commitment in linking some components of organizational culture to employee intention to stay. Components of organizational culture investigated in this paper include work environment, reward system, work environment, and leadership. Data for this study was obtained through a survey of staff of Kumasi Technical University in Ghana with the help of a questionnaire modified and simplified from pre-validated instruments proposed by early researchers. A total of 216 responses were sought from the permanent staff of the university (teaching, non-teaching). Analysis of the study was completed using LISREL software. Parameter estimates of the best-fitting model reveal that commitment mediates the relationship between three components of organizational culture (i.e., reward system, work environment, and leadership) and employee intention to stay. An important conclusion of this study is that a committed employee still requires a well-structured reward system, conducive work environment, and quality leadership from management of institutions to inform their decision to remain in the service of that organization or otherwise.
Cultural Relevancy of Culinary and Nutritional Medicine Interventions: A Scoping Review

Background. Taking into account the disproportionate impacts of disease burden from chronic conditions by racial and ethnic group, this scoping review sought to examine the extent to which nutritional interventions incorporated culturally relevant topics into their design and analyses. Methods. A literature search of 5 databases was conducted for any peer-reviewed studies on nutritional and culinary medicine interventions published between 2000 and 2019. Results. Studies were divided into 2 categories, medical education interventions (n = 12) and clinical/community interventions (n = 20). The majority of medical education interventions were not culturally tailored and focused on obesity/weight management within the Northeast and Southeast United States. In contrast, clinical/community interventions were primarily culturally tailored for Latinos/Hispanics and African American/Black populations residing in the Northeast and diagnosed with prediabetes/diabetes mellitus or hypertension/cardiovascular disease. Conclusions. This review identified an existent gap and need for inclusive studies that consider the culturally relevant topics into the design and implementation of nutritional intervention studies. Studies within medical education appeared to be the area where these changes can be most beneficial. There may be some value among clinic and communal-based studies in stratifying heterogeneous subgroups because of the missed cultural nuances missed when grouping larger racial cohorts.
Validation of a questionnaire evaluating the effect of a preparatory year on qualifying students for studying at health professions education faculties

Background. The preparatory year or first-year experience in higher education aims to consistently meet the needs of students, institutions and broader society. It aims to help students transition from high school to university, acquaint them with the various academic disciplines at university and introduce them to the university environment. Objectives. To validate a newly developed instrument that evaluates the effect of the preparatory year on preparing students for studying in health professions education faculties. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia, on a comprehensive sample of male and female second- and third-year students who completed their preparatory year and started studying at health professions education faculties. Data were collected through a questionnaire newly developed by the authors. Descriptive statistics were used and statistical significance was set at p <0.05. Results. The study showed high internal consistency of the questionnaire. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient value for the total scale was 0.94. Among the 5 dimensions of the questionnaire, the students were highly satisfied with ‘university conduct’, but less so with the ‘perception of teachers, teaching and assessment’. Conclusion. There was good validity and reliability of the newly developed questionnaire. From a student’s perspective, the preparatory-year programme needs to be revisited.
A Mobile Robot Combination Autonomous Behavior Strategy Inspects Hazardous Gases in Relatively Narrow Man-Machine environment

Compared with the public inspection places like airports, squares, and waiting halls, places such as laboratories, warehouses are generally relatively narrow, and humans may suddenly appear in the passages. Once a hazardous or toxic gas leak occurs in such spaces, it will cause a wide range of casualties and immeasurable economic losses. To ensure the safety of personal and property, realize real-time monitoring in unattended or dangerous situations, a robot moving mechanism with an effective and practical autonomous behavior strategy is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a mobile robot equipped with a hazardous gases detector and a high-definition (HD) industrial camera is designed, which can be controlled remotely or work autonomously. Next, a fixed-point and a fixed-trajectory method is adopted to avoidance: establish the social force model; study the human's (interfering object's) typical behavior patterns; based on Fuzzy thinking, a dynamic obstacle avoidance strategy is presented, and combine the dynamic obstacle avoidance strategy, a combination autonomous behavior strategy with a Fuzzy-PID controller is proposed. Finally, the crossing pattern and encountering pattern simulations and experiments results show that the robot can realize the dynamic obstacle avoidance in a relatively narrow man-machine environment smoothly and always maintain a sufficient safety distance to reduce the "sense of crisis" humans towards the robot. The trajectory experiments in such spaces verify that when the robot deviates from the predetermined position during inspection operations, the combination autonomous behavior strategy can help the robot return to the target trajectory. Furthermore, compared with the PID control method, the robot position error up to 0.098m, the angle error up to 0.088rad, the Fuzzy-PID controller is more stable, accurate, and fast, which draws the stability and reliability of the strategy.
Electrochemical Properties of NbO as a Negative Electrode Material for Lithium Secondary Batteries

The electrochemical properties of niobium monoxide, NbO, were investigated as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. Lithium ions were inserted into and extracted from NbO material at potentials < 1.0 V versus Li/Li+, involving formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the NbO surface in the first cycle. Its reversible capacity is ~67 mAh g–1 with the capacity retention of ~109% after 50 cycles. The magnitude of charge transfer resistance was greatly decreased by ball-milling the pristine NbO, whereas the ball-milling had no effect on the SEI resistance.
A QUALITATIVE EXPLORATION OF FRUSTRATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EMERGING ADULTS

Purpose: The present study was aimed to explore the phenomena of frustration from the perspective of emerging adults. Methodology: Qualitative research design was followed in the study. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The sample consisted of 69 emerging adults (33 males, 36 females) aged from 18 years to 25 years. A convenient sampling technique was used to collect the data. The data was collected from different universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan; An open-ended questionnaire was developed to explore the concept of frustration for conducting semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was employed to analyze the data. Main Findings: Analysis of the transcripts revealed one main theme; emotions related to frustration, and three subthemes; Affective emotions, Cognitive styles, and Behavioral emotions. Implications/Applications: The current study results highlight the importance of considering how young adults understand their conditions to help them regain functioning status and prevent missed developmental milestones for physicians dealing with emerging adults experiencing frustration. Besides, this research indicates to policymakers that the lack of optimism associated with anxiety disorders and inadequate access to and fragmentation of mental health services can substantially hinder these young adults' capacity to receive consistent, high-quality care. Novelty/Originality of this study: Many quantitative researches have investigated the reaction to frustration among adolescents. Emotions of frustration are different according to the situation. In literature, no qualitative study found that investigated this phenomenon in emerging adults. So this study was intended to explore the construct of frustration qualitatively.
Design and analysis of a novel AC‐side power decoupling circuit

A large amount of second (2 ω ) ripple power are coupled on the DC bus of a single-phase inverter due to the output pulsating power. In this paper, a novel AC-side power decoupling circuit (APDC) based on buck-boost is proposed for a single-phase inverter. The circuit is connected in parallel with the AC side of the inverter to realise the local decoupling of the pulsating power on the AC side. The working principle of APDC is elaborated and the switching sequence of APDC is derived. The corresponding pulse energy modulation (PEM) control strategy is designed to precisely control the decoupled power. The feasibility and superiority of the proposed APDC together with the PEM control strategy are ﬁnally veriﬁed by both the simulation and experimental results obtained on a 200 W single-phase inverter. The results show that 2 ω -ripple power of the system can be effectively buffered and the capacitor capacity in the inverter system is greatly reduced.
The reaction characteristics of wastewater containing nitrophenol, treated using an anaerobic biological fluidized bed

An anaerobic biological fluidized bed was used to treat a synthetic wastewater containing three types of nitrophenols. The results proved that para-nitrophenol ( p -NP) was the most toxic nitrophenol to methane producing bacteria while meta-nitrophenol ( m -NP) was found to be less toxic, with ortho-nitrophenol ( o -NP) being the least toxic to the methane bacteria. The results also showed that o -NP was much more easily decomposed by the microbes on the activated carbon biofilm. During the anaerobic digestion it was found that wastewater containing o -NP had the largest specific methane production rate, specific growth rate, and specific substrate utilization rate, while wastewater containing p -NP had the smallest rate figures. In addition, analyzing metabolites of the effluent indicated the anaerobic metabolism of m -NP started with a hydrogenation reduction, resulting in the production of m -aminophenol follwed by phenol after deamination.
9000 years of changes in peat organic matter composition in Store Mosse (Sweden) traced using FTIR‐ATR

Store Mosse (the ‘Great Bog’ in Swedish) is one of the most extensive bog complexes in southern Sweden (~77 km2), where pioneering palaeoenvironmental research has been carried out since the early 20th century. This includes, for example, vegetation changes, carbon and nitrogen dynamics, peat decomposition, atmospheric metal pollution, mineral dust deposition, dendrochronology, and tephrochronology. Even though organic matter (OM) represents the bulk of the peat mass and its compositional change has the potential to provide crucial ecological information on bog responses to environmental factors, peat OM molecular composition has not been addressed in detail. Here, a 568‐cm‐deep peat sequence was studied at high resolution, by attenuated reflectance Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR‐ATR) in the mid‐infrared region (4000–400 cm–1). Principal components analysis was performed on selected absorbances and change‐point modelling was applied to the records to determine the timing of changes. Four components accounted for peat composition: (i) depletion/accumulation of labile (i.e. carbohydrates) and recalcitrant (i.e. lignin and other aromatics, aliphatics, organic acids and some N compounds) compounds, due to peat decomposition; (ii) variations in N compounds and carbohydrates; (iii) residual variation of lignin and organic acids; and (iv) residual variation of aliphatic structures. Peat decomposition showed two main patterns: a long‐term trend highly correlated to peat age (r = 0.87), and a short‐term trend, which showed five main phases of increased decomposition (at ~8.4–8.1, ~7.0–5.6, ~3.5–3.1, ~2.7–2.1 and ~1.6–1.3 ka) – mostly corresponding to drier climate and its effect on bog hydrology. The high peat accumulation event (~5.6–3.9 ka), described in earlier studies, is characterized by the lowest degree of peat decomposition of the whole record. Given that FTIR‐ATR is a quick, non‐destructive, cost‐effective technique, our results indicate that it can be applied in a systematic way (including multicore studies) to peat research and provide relevant information on the evolution of peatlands.
The Effects and Level of Catalase Enzyme Activity in Different Species of Aquatic Macrophytes and Their Families in Two Different Locations in Niger Delta, (Ikpoba River in Benin-City and Ethiope River in Abraka), Nigeria

This study was carried out to analyze the levels of oxygen evolved in catalase activity during hydrogen peroxide decomposition reaction in species of different aquatic macrophytes and their selected families, Pontederiaceae, Araceae, Lemnaceae, Ceratophyllaceae, Azollaceae, Nymphaeaceae in two different Rivers in Delta and Edo State. Hydrogen peroxide is formed as a toxic waste product of metabolism which is quickly converted into other less dangerous chemicals. It is an important signal molecule involved in plant development and environmental responses. The enzyme catalase is frequently used to rapidly catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into a harmless molecule of oxygen and water. Anthropogenic activities of excess nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient enrichment into water body proliferation result in eutrophication, which most species of aquatic microphytes can use to control them. The catalase levels in species of Eichhornia crassipes followed by Eichhornia natans in Pontederiacea family recorded the highest in their leaves (24.83 ± 0.29) in Ethiope River and (24.20 ± 0.10) in Ikpoba River respectively among the aquatic macrophytes studied. Those species under the family Nymphaeaceae had (23.73 ± 0.64) as in water lily in their leave tissues in Ethiope River, followed by the family Ceratophyllaceae which had (20.33 ± 0.58) in Ikpoba River, Edo State. The lowest catalase activity was recorded in the roots of Azolla africana and Nymphaea lotus (12.00 ± 0.05) and (12.30 ± 0.10) in Ethiope and Ikpoba River. Catalase enzymes present in these species of aquatic macrophytes are useful in commercial cleaning operations in bioremediation for aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
The Half-Empty/Full Glass in Mental Health: A Reference-Dependent Computational Model of Evaluation in Psychopathology

Evaluation (the process attributing value to outcomes) underlies “hot” aspects of cognition, such as emotion, affect, and motivation. In several psychopathologies, such as depression and addiction, impairments in evaluation are critical. Contemporary theories highlight the reference-dependent nature of evaluation, whereby outcomes are evaluated relative to their context. Surprisingly, reference-dependent evaluation remains to be explored in the context of psychopathology. We offer a computational theory of how impaired reference-dependent evaluation might underlie mental illness. The theory proposes that evaluation derives from comparing an outcome against a reference point parameter and by weighting any discrepancy by an uncertainty parameter. Maladaptive evaluation is proposed to occur when these parameters do not reflect the true context statistics. Depending on which parameter is altered, different forms of maladaptive evaluation emerge, each associated with specific clinical conditions. This model highlights how the concept of reference-dependent evaluation can elucidate several clinical conditions, including perfectionism, depression, and addiction.
THE EFFECT OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND TALENT MANAGEMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE WITH ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AS A MEDIATING VARIABLE

This study aims to investigate the influence of knowledge management and talent management on organization performance and organizational culture as a mediating factor. This research uses methodology with an explanatory study by testing five hypotheses. A hundred twenty-seven managers from several coal companies in East Kalimantan Province are collected as a sample in this research. The researcher used the Smart PLS programs to examine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable through the mediating variable. The result of this study found that: (1) Knowledge management doesn’t affect organization culture; (2) Talent management practices affect organizational culture positively and significantly; (3) Knowledge management doesn’t affect organization performance; (4) Talent management affect organization performance positively and significantly; (5) Organization culture doesn’t affect organization performance; (5a) The mediation function of organizational culture is not significant between knowledge management and organizational performance, and (5b) The mediation function of organizational culture is not significant between talent management and organizational performance. This research has a managerial implication to guide the decision-maker in the company or manager in the human resource management to implement knowledge management, talent management, and organizational culture to improve organization performance.
Against the Law of Three Consonants in French: Evidence from Judgment Data

Grammont's Law of Three Consonants (LTC) states that French schwa is obligatorily pronounced in any CC_C sequence to avoid three-consonant clusters. Although schwa presence has been shown to be sensitive not only to cluster size but also to the nature of consonants in post-lexical phonology, the LTC is still considered as accurate to describe schwa-zero alternations in lexical phonology. The paper uses judgment data from French speakers in France and Switzerland to compare the behavior of schwa in derived words (lexical phonology) and inflected words (post-lexical phonology). The results show that schwa-zero alternations are conditioned not only by cluster size but also by cluster type in lexical phonology. Moreover, the same phonotactic asymmetries among consonant clusters are found in lexical and post-lexical phonologies. The data therefore support a weaker version of the lexical-phonology hypothesis than what is usually assumed for French. Lexical and post-lexical phonologies do not require different phonotactic constraints but only different weights for the same constraints.