Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Trichoderma spp. inoculation on the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of wheat straw

To evaluate the cultural ability of some Trichoderma isolates on wheat straw and the influence of their exogenous enzyme activities on chemical compositions as well as in vitro digestibility and upgrading of the nutritive value of lignocellulolytic materials, sterilized and non sterilized wheat straw were inoculated with Trichoderma isolates (including Trichoderma harzianum isolate T447, T. hamatum isolate T 614, T. hamatum isolate T625 and T. harzianum isolate T 969). The experimental design used in this study was complete randomized design (CRD) through factorial experiment with 2 factors (factor A = effects of sterilization, factor B = effects of Trichoderma spp.) in three replicates for each treatment. Effects of the Trichoderma isolates on the substrate neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and pH as well as in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro organic matter (OM) digestibility (IVOMD) and in vitro digestible OM in DM (IVDOMD) were analyzed. The obtained results showed that sterilization of wheat straw could decrease pH, NDF and ADF (P<0.05) but not IVDMD, IVOMD and IVDOMD. The isolates of T447 and T969 showed higher ability in improving the nutritive value of wheat straw. Comparatively, higher reduction in pH was recorded by T614 inoculating sterilized wheat straw. The least NDF content were observed in treated non-sterilized wheat straw with T447, also treated sterilized wheat straw with T447 showed maximum reduction in NDF content. Moreover, higher change in IVDMD, IVOMD and IVDOMD were obtained by T447 grown in sterilized wheat straw substrate.
Seasonal Analysis of Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of Poneromorph Ant Assemblages in the Amazon Forest

The present study aimed at assessing the effects of climate seasonality on poneromorph ants in the Brazilian Amazon, by studying variations in composition, richness, and taxonomic and functional diversity. The study was carried out in the Tapirape-Aquiri National Forest, southeastern Para State. We collected poneromorph ants in three areas of native forest with pitfall traps and sardine baits on the ground and vegetation, in two dry and rainy seasons. We collected 46 species of poneromorph ants, which belong to two subfamilies and eleven genera. The species composition, richness and taxonomic diversity did not vary significantly between seasons. There was no significant difference in the frequency of species of functional groups between dry and rainy seasons. There was no significant difference in the average richness and average diversity of functional groups between the dry and rainy seasons. In our study we found no seasonal differences in composition, taxonomic and functional richness and diversity of poneromorph ants in the Amazon, which is useful for future studies that aim at using those ants as bioindicators. In addition, the identification of the species made in the present study has special relevance as it contributes to advance the knowledge of poneromorph ant diversity in the Amazon.
Application of Classification Technique in Data Mining for Agricultural Land

Data mining is the process of finding new patterns. Classification is the method of generalizing known structure to pertain to new data. Classification using a decision tree is achieved by routing from the root node until arriving at a leaf node. To model classification process, decision tree is used. Also there are many classification algorithms available in literature but decision trees is the most commonly used because of its ease of implementation and easier to understand compared to other classification algorithms. This paper begins with the basic concepts of Classification and the method of the decision tree. Then, this paper analyses the data of arable land area, rural labor and the gross output value of agriculture about 10 cities of India based on the decision tree, and implement clustering analysis method to discrete data during the process of data mining compared to the traditional classification methods. Finally, carry out generalization conceptual process from the results of the classification [1].
X-Linked Dominant Congenital Ptosis Cosegregating with an Interstitial Insertion of a Chromosome 1p21.3 Fragment into a Quasipalindromic Sequence in Xq27.1

Blepharoptosis (ptosis) is defined as the abnormal drooping of the upper eyelid and is a feature of many conditions. It can be in isolated or syndromic form, bilateral or unilateral and congenital or acquired. Previously we have carried out linkage analysis on a family with dominantly inherited congenital bilateral isolated ptosis and found the condition to be linked to a region of approximately 20 megabases of chromosome Xq24-Xq27.1 with a cumulative LOD score of 5.89. We now describe further analysis using array comparative genomic hybridisation (array CGH), fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), long range PCR and sequencing. This has enabled us to identify and characterise at the level of DNA sequence an insertional duplication and rearrangement involving chromosomes 1p21.3 and a small quasipalindromic sequence in Xq27.1, disruption of which has been associated with other phenotypes but which is cosegregating with X-linked congenital bilateral isolated ptosis in this family. This work highlights the significance of the small quasipalindromic sequence in genomic rearrangements involving Xq27.1 and the importance of comprehensive molecular and molecular cytogenetic investigations to fully characterise genomic structural complexity.
Photosynthesis, respiration, and carbon turnover in sinking marine snow from surface waters of Southern California Bight: Implications for the carbon cycle in the ocean.

Photosynthesis and respiration were measured in 1 to 6 mm large aggregates (marine snow) collected in the Southern Californian Bight, USA. The aggregates were freely sinking in a vertical flow system with an upward flow velocity which opposed the sinking velocity of individual aggregates during the measurements. The aggregates were net heterotrophic communities at light intensities 500 μE m 2 S 1 . Bacterial densities on aggregates were >2000-fold higher than in the surrounding water. Cytophaga was highly abundant in the aggregate-associated bacterial community as identified by in situ hybridization techniques. Both the respiration rate per aggregate volume and the bacterial densities decreased with increasing aggregate size. The respiration rates normalized to the number of bacteria in single aggregates were 7.4 to 70 fmol C cell 1 d -1 , The aggregate community respired 433 to 984 ng C d -1 per aggregate in darkness, which yielded a turnover time of 8 to 9 d for the total organic carbon in aggregates. Thus, marine snow is not only a vehicle for vertical flux of organic matter; the aggregates are also hotspots of microbial respiration which cause a fast and efficient respiratory turnover of particulate organic carbon in the sea.
The GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope for precision gamma-ray emission investigations

The GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope with excellent angular and energy resolutions is designed to search for signatures of dark matter in the fluxes of gamma-ray emission and electrons + positrons. Precision investigations of gamma-ray emission from Galactic Center, Crab, Vela, Cygnus, Geminga, and other regions will be performed, as well as diffuse gamma-ray emission, along with measurements of high-energy electron + positron and nuclei fluxes. Furthermore, it will study gamma-ray bursts and gamma-ray emission from the Sun during periods of solar activity. The GAMMA-400 energy range is expected to be from ∼20 MeV up to TeV energies for gamma rays, up to 10 TeV for electrons + positrons, and up to 1015 eV for cosmic-ray nuclei. For 100-GeV gamma rays, the GAMMA-400 angular resolution is ∼0.01° and energy resolution is ∼1%; the proton rejection factor is ∼5x105. GAMMA-400 will be installed onboard the Russian space observatory.
Applications of Monte Carlo methods to statistical physics

An introductory review of the Monte Carlo method for the statistical mechanics of condensed matter systems is given. Basic principles (random number generation, simple sampling versus importance sampling, Markov chains and master equations, etc) are explained and some classical applications (self-avoiding walks, percolation, the Ising model) are sketched. The finite-size scaling analysis of both second- and first-order phase transitions is described in detail, and also the study of surface and interfacial phenomena as well as the choice of appropriate boundary conditions is discussed. Only brief comments are given on topics such as applications to dynamic phenomena, quantum problems, and recent algorithmic developments (new sampling schemes based on reweighting techniques, nonlocal updating, parallelization, etc). The techniques described are exemplified with many illustrative applications.
Genetic relationships between 4 Parkia spp. and variation in Parkia speciosa Hassk. based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers

A study was undertaken by RAPD to investigate genetic relationships among the following 4 Parkia species, Sator (Parkia speciosa Hassk.), Riang (P. timoriana Merr.), Khonkhong (P. leiophylla Kurz) and Lukding (P. sumatrana Miq.) and two plants of Parkia spp. , namely Tong and Tien were also included. DNA from the leaf samples was isolated using CTAB. Of total 180 primers first screened, 8 primers were chosen to analyse genetic variation of 103 individual plants. A total of 125 amplified fragments was obtained from 8 primers with an average of 15.63 fragments per primer, of which 101 fragments (80.80%) were polymorphic. Some species-specific fragments were also obtained. With P. speciosa Hassk. , 77 polymorphic fragments (68.75%) were obtained with an average of 14 fragments per primer, but no specific fragment could differentiate Sator khao from Sator dan. Results from the dendrogram revealed 5 groups of Parkia with similarity coefficients ranging from 0.437-1.000. Tien was found to be in the same group as Riang while Tong could be separated from other Parkia with a close relationship to Khonkhong at a similarity value 0.725.
SIMULATION OF VERTICAL WATER FLOW THROUGH VADOSE ZONE

Simulation of vertical water flow representing the release of water from the vadose zone to the aquifer of surroundings within Nigerian Defence Academy (34km 2 ) for a sustainable ground water resources management was carried out using Advanced Simulation and Modelling of Urban Ground Water Management (UGROW model). Rainfall data, soil moisture and runoff coefficient are specified as input data into the model. Basic component of the vertical water balance (precipitation, leakages, evaporation and runoff)was observed. From the results, 4.0cm/day of average leakage observed for the period 1991-2001 was the maximum leakage for the simulation. http://dx.doi. org/10.4314/njt.v36i4. 42
Nitrogen enrichment ameliorates the negative effects of reduced salinity on the green macroalga Enteromorpha intestinalis

In southern California estuaries, the green macroalga Enteromorpha intestinalis experi- ences wide fluctuations in both nitrogen (N) supply and salinity. We investigated the effects of sim- ultaneous variation in N and salinity on the growth, biomass accumulation and tissue nutrient dynamics of E. intestinalis. We conducted a fully crossed 2-factor experiment in which we varied N enrichment (low, medium and high) and salinity (15, 25 and 35 psu). Overall, addition of N enhanced algal growth while salinity reduction decreased growth. High N enrichment mitigated the negative effects that reduced salinity had on dry biomass, wet:dry biomass ratios, tissue nutrients and ability to remove phosphorus from the water column. Largely, E. intestinalis abundance was governed by N availability rather than salinity, indicating that blooms of macroalgae will likely continue to prolifer- ate in estuaries unless nutrient loading is reduced.
A New Approach to Short-term Price Forecast Strategy with an Artificial Neural Network Approach: Application to the Nord Pool

In new deregulated electricity market, short-term price forecasting is key information for all market players. A better forecast of market-clearing price (MCP) helps market participants to strategically set up their bidding strategies for energy markets in the short-term. This paper presents a new prediction strategy to improve the need for more accurate short-term price forecasting tool at spot market using an artificial neural networks (ANNs). To build the forecasting ANN model, a three- layered feedforward neural network trained by the improved Levenberg-marquardt (LM) algorithm is used to forecast the locational marginal prices (LMPs). To accurately predict LMPs, actual power generation and load are considered as the input sets, and then the difference is used to predict price differences in the spot market. The proposed ANN model generalizes the relationship between the LMP in each area and the unconstrained MCP during the same period of time. The LMP calculation is iterated so that the capacity between the areas is maximized and the mechanism itself helps to relieve grid congestion. The addition of flow between the areas gives the LMPs a new equilibrium point, which is balanced when taking the transfer capacity into account, LMP forecasting is then possible. The proposed forecasting strategy is tested on the spot market of the Nord Pool. The validity, the efficiency, and effectiveness of the proposed approach are shown by comparing with time-series models
Partial Gene Duplication and the Formation of Novel Genes

1.1 Lineage-specific genes The availability of several genomes from related organisms permits the identification of newly evolved genes in different lineages or species, the study of their mechanisms of formation and the investigation of their role in adapting to new environments or physiological conditions (Domazet-Loso & Tautz, 2003; Guo et al., 2007; Khalturin et al., 2009; Kuo & Kissinger, 2008; Siepel, 2009; Toll-Riera et al., 2009a; Zhou et al., 2008). Recently formed genes give us the opportunity to study the action of natural selection in recent times and to investigate the processes associated with gene creation (Zhou & Wang, 2008). The number of species-specific genes, or orphan genes, is not insignificant. They represent around 14% of the genes in 60 fully sequenced microbial genomes (Siew & Fischer, 2003) and between 20-30% in Drosophila species (Domazet-Loso & Tautz, 2003; Drosophila 12 Genomes Consortium, 2007). Genes restricted to particular lineages include vomeronasal receptors and casein milk proteins in mammals, which are known to be involved in specific physiological adaptations in this lineage (International Chicken Genome Sequencing Consortium, 2004). Additionally, several lineage-specific genes have been found to be involved in defence against pathogens, such as dermcidin in primates (Toll-Riera et al., 2009a) and surface antigens in apicomplexan parasites (Kuo & Kissinger, 2008). Interestingly, it has been noticed that rice orphan genes are more often expressed under environmental pressure (injury and hormone treatment) than non-orphan genes, indicating that novel genes help in adaptation to changing conditions (Guo et al., 2007). Many newly evolved genes are derived from partial or complete gene duplication of preexisting genes (Long et al., 2003; Marques et al., 2005; Toll-Riera et al., 2009a; Zhou et al., 2008). Alternative processes of gene formation include exaptation from mobile elements
OPTIMISATION OF CONTROLLED MECHANICAL STRUCTURES

This study is motivated by the need of efficient methodologies for design optimisation of controlled mechanical systems (CMS) like robot manipulators, controlled vehicles, or engineering systems with active shape/vibration control. Along with the basic design requirement for strength/load capacity, additional design criteria are needed to meet the continuously increasing demands for faster response, improved precision and reduced energy cost. As CMS present compositions of mutually influencing subsystems, it is indispensable to have a conceptual framework for their system identification and integrated design optimisation. Several examples will be given to illustrate the main features and advantages of the proposed design concepts.
Testing the Honeywell Durafet® for seawater pH applications

We report on the first seawater tests at 1 atm of the Honeywell Durafet® pH sensor, a commercially available ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET). Performance of this sensor was evaluated in a number of different situations including a temperature‐controlled calibration vessel, the MBARI test tank, shipboard underway mapping, and a surface mooring. Many of these tests included a secondary reference electrode in addition to the internal reference supplied with the stock Durafet sensor. We present a theoretical overview of sensor response using both types of reference electrode. The Durafet sensor operates with a short term precision of ± 0.0005 pH over periods of several hours and exhibits stability of better than 0.005 pH over periods of weeks to months. Our tests indicate that the Durafet pH sensor operates at a level of performance satisfactory for many types of biogeochemical studies at low pressure.
The Dark Side of Outside Directors: Do They Quit When They are Most Needed?

Outside directors have incentives to resign to protect their reputation or to avoid an increase in their workload when they anticipate that the firm on whose board they sit will perform poorly or disclose adverse news. We call these incentives the dark side of outside directors. We find strong support for the existence of a dark side. Following surprise director departures, affected firms have worse stock and operating performance, are more likely to suffer from an extreme negative return event, are more likely to restate earnings, have a higher likelihood of being named in a federal class action securities fraud lawsuit, and make worse mergers and acquisitions. Consistent with the market inferring bad news from surprise departures, the announcement return for surprise director departures is negative.
First Results of the ROBEX Analogue Mission Campaign: Robotic Deployment of Seismic Networks for Future Lunar Missions

This paper presents first results of the analog mission campaign which was performed between the 12th of June and the 10th of July 2017 on Mount Etna in Europe, Italy. The aim of the ROBEX demonstration mission is to test and validate a complex robotic mission. This includes highly autonomous tasks with supervision from scientists to guarantee measurement of real and scientifically relevant data. The main scientific objective of the ROBEX mission, the detailed analysis of the lunar crust layers, that is replaced by the analysis of Etna lava layers in the demo mission, has been guiding the developments of the last four years. As key missions, a seismic network has been deployed and a seismic profile measurement has been conducted using only robots on the landing site. Additional experiments consisted of long term autonomous navigation, multi-robot mapping and exploration of craters as well as experiments with the aim of geological analyses and probe selection. During the one month analog campaign, a realistic mission scenario has been built up, including a control station approximately 30 km from the remote site.
How people think about distributing aid

Abstract This paper examines how people think about aiding others in a way that can inform both theory and practice. It uses data gathered from Kiva, an online, non-profit organization that allows individuals to aid other individuals around the world, to isolate intuitions that people find broadly compelling. The central result of the paper is that people seem to give more priority to aiding those in greater need, at least below some threshold. That is, the data strongly suggest incorporating both a threshold and a prioritarian principle into the analysis of what principles for aid distribution people accept. This conclusion should be of broad interest to aid practitioners and policy makers. It may also provide important information for political philosophers interested in building, justifying, and criticizing theories about meeting needs using empirical evidence.
Supporting Students with Problem Behaviour in School Settings

There is a need in Australian schools to replace child-excluding discipline of problem behaviour with more child-including approaches. Positive behavioural support (PBS) is a systematic, educative process for managing problem behaviour. This approach to assessment and intervention for students with special needs is firmly established in research and in practice, particularly in the USA and the UK. For a decade, formal training in PBS at Griffith University has enabled individual teachers to become competent coordinators of the intervention process for specific students. Some Griffith initiatives in PBS training have enabled graduates not only to effect individual case management in special education units but also to facilitate and lead school-wide interventions. Three projects in Queensland schools over several years have sought to build capacity within school communities through teamwork and university-school collaborations. Properties and issues in PBS implementation are discussed.
Effects of Different Concentrations of Organic Waste on Selected Traits of Individuals Capsicum Chinense Jacq.

At present, excessive waste production makes it necessary to carry out research aimed to minimize the problems arising from waste generation and inadequate disposal. In this sense, this study aimed to analyze plant growth, fruit production, antioxidative enzyme activities and organic solute contents in fruits of Capsicum chinense Jacq. plants (BRS Moema cultivar) growing in substrates with different concentrations of municipal organic solid waste (MW) or shrimp waste (SW) under greenhouse conditions. A completely randomized design was used with seven treatments (control; MW at 50, 100 and 200% of recommendation; and SW also at 50, 100 and 200%) and five replications. The MW and SW were mixed with the soil. When plants already had fruits, 122 days after sowing (DAS), shoot height, stem diameter and number of leaves were determined, and 134 DAS, the visibly ripe fruits were collected and stored at -20 °C for subsequent biochemical analysis. The MW and SW provided a linear increase in the parameters of shoot height, stem diameter and number of leaves. The numbers of fruits in the treatments were quite variable, but it can be concluded that the MW 200 and SW 100 treatments provided higher fruit production. The best results for the activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) in the fruits occurred in the MW 100 and SW 200 treatments. Both provided an increase in CAT and reductions in APX and GPX, which can contribute to greater postharvest life of C. chinense Jacq. fruits. In relation to soluble protein and carbohydrate contents, the MW 100 and SW 100 treatments did not contribute to their increase; in the other residue concentrations, the results were variable. However, considering all parameters analysed in this study, the most suitable treatments would be MW 100 and SW 100. Therefore, the results demonstrate the susceptibility of using substrates with MW and SW in the cultivation of C. chinense Jacq. plants.