Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Polygraphers' Judgments: A Review From a Decision Theoretic Perspective

Hebrew University, Jerusalem, IsraelA critical discussion of the theory, practice, and evaluation process of the ControlQuestions Technique (CQT) is undertaken. Sources of possible contaminationin the use of this technique are described. Data from seven field studies arereviewed and used to estimate the discriminability of the CQT in real-life situ-ations. A signal detection model is applied to a reanalysis o f these seven studies.An attempt is made to derive the value system of the polygraphers who partic-ipated in the seven studies. It is demonstrated that under an assumption ofrationality, the examiners tend to value the detection of guilty suspects highly,even in the presence of a high risk of falsely classifying innocent suspects asdeceptive. An index of usefulness of the CQT-based evaluation system is denned,and the CQT's range of usefulness is examined as a function of operating costs,possible payoff ratios, and prior probabilities of guilt. The results of these analysesindicate that it is unlikely that the CQT method of lie detection would be usefulfor determining guilt in a court of law, or even for preemployment screening,though it might be useful for police investigative procedures.
An under-Sampled Approach for Handling Skewed Data Distribution using Cluster Disjuncts

-In Data mining and Knowledge Discovery hidden and valuable knowledge from the data sources is discovered. The traditional algorithms used for knowledge discovery are bottle necked due to wide range of data sources availability. Class imbalance is a one of the problem arises due to data source which provide unequal class i.e. examples of one class in a training data set vastly outnumber examples of the other class(es). Researchers have rigorously studied several techniques to alleviate the problem of class imbalance, including resampling algorithms, and feature selection approaches to this problem. In this paper, we present a new hybrid frame work dubbed as Majority Under-sampling based on Cluster Disjunct (MAJOR_CD) for learning from skewed training data. This algorithm provides a simpler and faster alternative by using cluster disjunct concept. We conduct experiments using twelve UCI data sets from various application domains using five algorithms for comparison on six evaluation metrics. The empirical study suggests that MAJOR_CD have been believed to be effective in addressing the class imbalance problem
Factors affecting germination of nulta jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) seed

Nulta jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) is one of the most important weeds in southwestern corn and sesame fields in Iran. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory to determine the effects of constant temperatures, drought stress and salinity on seed germination of nulta jute. Based on threepiece segmented model outputs, the base, the lower optimum, the upper optimum, and the maximum temperatures for the germination of nulta jute were estimated to be 15.57, 25.99, 37.79, and 43.67 °C, respectively. Germination percentage of nulta jute seeds was estimated about 88.75%. The response of germination to drought stress was described using the hydrotime model. Based on this model, the hydrotime constant (θH) and the water potential threshold for the start of germination (ᴪb(0)) were 11.85 MP h and -1.13 MPa, respectively. Results showed that base water potential distribution (ᴪb(g)) was skewed to the right (λ=1.51) indicating the major section of seed population with higher base water potential would germinate slowly even in favorable conditions. The response threshold of Nulta jute seeds to inhibit 50% of maximum germination for salinity was 217 mM. The results showed nulta jute could colonize in saline conditions. However, germination was completely inhibited in very low water potential indicating this species tolerant to drought conditions.
Worst-Case Detection Performance for Distributed SIMO Physical Layer Authentication

Feature-based physical layer authentication (PLA) schemes, using position-specific channel characteristics as identifying features, can provide lightweight protection against impersonation attacks in overhead-limited applications like e.g., mission-critical and low-latency scenarios. However, with PLA-aware attack strategies, an attacker can maximize the probability of successfully impersonating the legitimate devices. In this paper, we provide worst-case detection performance bounds under such strategies for a distributed PLA scheme that is based on the channel-state information (CSI) observed at multiple distributed remote radio-heads. This distributed setup exploits the multiple-channel diversity for enhanced detection performance and mimics distributed antenna architectures considered for 4G and 5G radio access networks. We consider (i) a power manipulation attack, in which a single-antenna attacker adopts optimal transmit power and phase; and (ii) an optimal spatial position attack. Interestingly, our results show that the attacker can achieve close-to-optimal success probability with only statistical CSI, which significantly strengthens the relevance of our results for practical scenarios. Furthermore, our results show that, by distributing antennas to multiple radio-heads, the worst-case missed detection probability can be reduced by 4 orders of magnitude without increasing the total number of antennas, illustrating the superiority of distributed PLA over a co-located antenna setup.
Holding Real-Time Distributed ML Systems to Account

Trade-offs between accuracy and efficiency are found in multiple non-computing domains, such as law and medicine, which have developed rules and heuristics to guide how to balance accuracy against efficiency in conditions of uncertainty. While accuracy-efficiency trade-offs are also commonly acknowledged in some areas of computer science - perhaps to the point of mundanity - their policy implications remain poorly examined. We argue that, since examining accuracy-efficiency trade-offs has been useful for guiding governance in other domains, explicitly framing such trade-offs in computing is similarly useful for the governance of computer systems. Specifically, we focus our discussion on accountability mechanisms for real-time distributed ML systems. Understanding the policy implications in this area is particularly urgent because such systems, which include autonomous vehicles, tend to be high-stakes and safety-critical. We describe how the trade-off takes shape in real-world distributed computing systems and then show the interplay between such systems and ML algorithms, explaining in detail how accuracy and efficiency interact in distributed ML systems. We close by making specific calls to action to facilitate holding these systems, particularly the emerging technology of real-time distributed ML systems, to account.
Femtosecond laser machining of hollow-core negative curvature fibres

Hollow core negative curvature fibres (NCFs) are a relatively new class of microstructured optical fibre with potential applications in areas such as the delivery of high power laser light and gas sensing. For sensing, it is necessary for the measurand to interact with the guided mode. To facilitate this, a novel femtosecond laser-based machining protocol has been developed that allows the precision sculpting of access slots into the NCF core along the length of the fibre. The process is a direct-write process using a digitally defined scanning strategy with no need for physical masks or additional processing such as wet etchants and/or focussed ion beam machining. Due to the inherent flexibility of the machining strategy and the high level of control over the depth of material removal, it is likely that this new technique will be transferable to a wide range of microstructured fibres. Published by The Optical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal
DIGITAL INTERACTIVE EXPERIENCES IN CONTEMPORARY ART MUSEUMS

21. Yuzyil’da gerceklesen bir dizi teknolojik gelisme ile birlikte kultur-sanat etkinliklerinin uretim ve tuketim sekilleri de eszamanli olarak donusmektedir. Sanat muzeleri; kulturun aktarimi ve sanat eserlerinin sergilenmesinde ziyaretcilerine etkin bir muze deneyimi sunma amaciyla cagdas yontemleri kullanan oncu kamusal ve kurumsal mekanlardir. Bu calisma; cagdas sanat muzelerinde kullanilan dijital teknolojik uygulamalari “muze deneyimi” odaginda irdelemeyi amaclamaktadir. Arastirmada deneyim kavrami ve dijital etkilesimli teknolojilerin gelisim sureci literaturdeki temel kaynak ve verilerin taranmasi ile tespit edilmis, cagdas sanat muzelerinde kullanilan dijital etkilesimli teknolojiler, saha arastirmalari, basili yayinlar ve cevrimici kaynaklar uzerinden incelenmistir. Elde edilen veriler isiginda tespit edilen dijital etkilesimli teknolojiler; dokunmatik ekranlar, dijital ses sistemleri, projeksiyon haritalama, kare kod uygulamalari, sanal gerceklik, artirilmis gerceklik, karma gerceklik ve yapay zeka teknolojileri olarak belirlenmis, tarihsel gelisimleri ve cagdas sanat muzelerinde kullanim alanlari uzerinden orneklerle incelenmistir. Calisma sonucunda dijital etkilesimli teknolojilerle cagdas sanat muzelerinde deneyimi artirmaya yonelik oneriler getirilmistir.
Natural history of Xenodon matogrossensis (Scrocchi and Cruz, 1993) (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) in the Brazilian Pantanal

Xenodon mattogrossensis is a neotropical snake restricted to the central part of South America, in the Pantanal wetlands and a few neighbouring areas. The available information about this specie in the literature is restricted to geographical distribution, morphological variation and anecdotal information on habitat use. Here we present data on diet, sexual dimorphism and reproduction of X. matogrossensis . We gathered information on diet and reproduction from 72 specimens of X. matogrossensis deposited in scientific collections. This species feeds mainly on amphibians, but also consumes squamate eggs and other small vertebrates. Mature females are generally bigger than mature males considering body size and head width, but males have longer tail than females. The number of follicles and eggs is not related with body size in females of X. matogrossensis . Females showed larger follicle sizes from October to April, suggesting that reproduction is seasonal, even though individuals may be active through the year. The information provided here, associated with others available in the literature can contribute to the assessment of the conservation status of this species and even to design conservation actions in case they are needed in the future.
Historical Development of Irrigated Agriculture under The Malaprabha Project, Karnataka, India

The present study analyses the historical development of irrigated agriculture in the command area of the Malaprabha irrigation project located in a semi-arid region of Karnataka, India. Considering the historical period from 1965 to 2014, spatio-temporal changes in irrigated area, cropping patterns, crop and irrigation water requirements using CROPWAT model and sources of irrigation water were characterized relative to the pre-project period at decadal time-step. Overall results indicate an increase in irrigated area, departure from the planned cropping pattern and a shift towards cultivation of water-intensive cash crops, canal releases not conforming to estimated irrigation water requirements and an increase in groundwaterbased irrigation in the command area of the project. The findings of this study can be used to formulate more effective management strategies to improve the efficiency of the project and promote sustainable development of natural resources.
Rebamipide with Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) versus PPIs Alone for the Treatment of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection-Induced Ulcers: A Meta-analysis

Objective To contrast the effect of rebamipide with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) versus PPIs alone for the treatment of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD-) induced ulcers. Methods PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane library, the WanFang database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria. Results Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were recognized, including 1170 patients. In general, rebamipide plus PPIs acted better than PPIs alone against ESD-induced ulcers at four weeks (RR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.13-1.78, P = 0.003) but showed no significant differences at eight weeks (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.97-1.10, P = 0.315). The use of rebamipide plus PPIs was superior to PPIs alone for ESD-induced ulcers greater than 20 mm in size (20-40 mm: RR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.22-3.23, P = 0.006; >40 mm: RR = 5.14, 95% CI: 1.49-17.74, P = 0.010). In addition, rebamipide plus PPI therapy was discovered to be significantly more effective than PPIs alone for lower ESD-induced ulcers (RR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.04-3.20, P = 0.037). There were no significant differences between the treatment groups with the ulcer reduction rate. Conclusion Evidences now available show rebamipide plus PPIs is practical for protecting against ESD-induced ulcers at four weeks but not at eight weeks, especially large ulcers (>20 mm). However, we still need more high-quality RCTs in the future to supplement our conclusions.
Bivariate Spatio-Temporal Shared Component Modeling: Mapping of Relative Death Risk due to Colorectal and Stomach Cancers in Iran Provinces

Background: Gastrointestinal cancers make for nearly half fatal cancers with colorectal and stomach cancers’ being listed among the ten most common in Iran. This research aims to determine the spatial pattern and temporal trend of death risk due to colorectal and stomach cancers among provinces of Iran and estimate the effect of shared and specific components as surrogates of risk factors for the aforementioned cancers on changes of death due to the cancers over time and place. Methods: In this ecological study, the data regarding death causes in colorectal and stomach cancers during 2006–2011 were obtained from the death registration system of the Iranian Ministry of Health. The estimation of relative risk (RR) of death due to the target cancers was performed applying Bayesian spatiotemporal shared component (SC) model in OpenBUGS software. Results: North-Western provinces ranked first regarding stomach cancer RR of death (RR >1.75). Furthermore, some North-Western and central provinces had the highest RR of death due to colorectal cancer (RR >1.5). The SC surrogating the risk factor shared between both cancers had the most effect in Northern, North-Western and western provinces, and the least effect in Southern and South-Eastern ones. Conclusions: North and North-West of Iran found to be the high-risk area for death due to both stomach and colorectal cancers and South-East and South provinces shown to have the lowest RR. The obtained results can be illuminating to health resource allocation to the health policymakers.
An Evaluation of School Instructional Activities on Curriculum Implementation in Selected North Rift Counties Public Secondary Schools

The quality of education in majority of North Rift secondary schools has been wanting over the last five years depicted by poor academic results in the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education. The objective of the study was to examine the influence of evaluation activities on curriculum implementation in selected North Rift counties public secondary schools. A pragmatic research paradigm utilising mixed method research methodology guided this study. Stratified random sampling technique was used to sample 10% of 3469 secondary schools in the region. Simple random sampling was used to select teachers from each of the 35 sampled schools making a total of 349 out of 3469 teachers in the selected counties. All the principals of sampled schools (35) were included in the study. Fourteen sub county quality assurance and standards officers were selected through purposive sampling method. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used to collect data from education officers, principals and teachers. Quantitative data was analysed using frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation, Pearson correlation and multiple regression statistics. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis. The study found out that curriculum implementation was directly influenced by the school evaluation. However, all statistics were significant implying that to a moderate degree, utility of quality assurance and standards practice had significant influence on curriculum implementation in public secondary schools in the three counties. The research concluded that for curriculum to be effectively implemented, internal quality assurance and standards practices played a huge role. The study recommends that principals need to ensure they provide timely feedback on evaluation to teachers.
Parallel Group Mining Algorithms

Pattern Mining from user mobility traces over mobile networks is a well established commercial problem which can be exploited for better performance and customization of user applications. Most of the group mining algorithms deal with huge quantities of data and in most of the cases perform similar computations on different data segments. The huge data size, time consuming algorithms and repetitive computations can be used to produce parallel implementations of these algorithms. In the present work we study different schemes for parallelizing some specific group mining algorithms, and comment on the scalability and feasibility of parallelism achieved
Isotherm studies on biosorption of some heavy metal ions from aqueous solution onto orchid Malabar (Piliostigma malabaricum) seed pod

The adsorption of the following heavy metals; Cd(II), Co(II) and Cr(III) from aqueous solution using Orchid Malabar has been investigated with the aim of assessing the potential of the adsorbent in detoxifying industrial effluents before their safe disposal into land or water bodies. The study involves the application of different isotherm models to assess their suitability to the observed equilibrium adsorption data. Effect of pH on the adsorption process was investigated and results obtained show that the optimum pH for adsorption of the metal ions: Cr(lll), Co(ll) and Cd(ll) occurred at pHs 4.0, pH 7.0 and pH 4.0 respectively. The equilibrium experimental data were tested using five different isotherm models, namely; the Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Harkins-Jura and Halsey isotherms. The correlation coefficients (R2 values) obtained from the five isotherm plots were used to assess their suitability to the experimental adsorption data. Results obtained from the isotherm plots show that Halsey and Freundlich isotherms provided best fits to the adsorption data. Comparison of the maximum amount of each of the metal ions adsorbed onto the adsorbent shows that Cr(III) and Cd(II) were better adsorbed onto the adsorbent than Co(II) ions. The trend of adsorption of the metal ions generally follows: Cr(III) > Cd(II) > Co(II). The results from this study indicate that the biosorbent could be employed as a low cost alternative for the removal of the studied metal ions from dilute aqueous solutions. Keyword: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Metal ions, Orchid Malabar
Admittance‐Controlled Robotic Assistant for Fibula Osteotomies in Mandible Reconstruction Surgery

Herein, a semiautonomous robot control system for mandible reconstruction surgery is proposed. To reconstruct a segmental defect of the mandible caused by cancerous tissue, a piece of matched fibula bone is often segmented and used to replace the removed mandible section. Herein, to provide guidance to the surgeon during fibula segmentation according to the reconstruction surgical plan and improve the fibula bone cutting accuracy, an admittance‐controlled robotic assistant incorporating 3D augmented reality (AR) visualization and haptic virtual fixtures (VFs) is proposed. The admittance controller is used to reduce the surgeon's hand tremor. VF and AR are used to provide haptic and visual guidance to the surgeon, respectively. A feasibility study is conducted through a comparison of fibula osteotomies when performed with image‐guided surgery, AR‐guided surgery, VF‐guided robot‐assisted surgery, and AR‐ and VF‐guided robot‐assisted surgery. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed admittance‐controlled robotic assistant with AR and VF compared with the other three methods. The proposed method is found to be able to increase precision of the osteotomized segments with a lower average linear variation of 1.04 ± 0.79 mm and a lower average angular variation of 1.83 ± 1.85° compared with the virtual preoperative plan.
Mushroom Toxicity Recognition Based on Multigrained Cascade Forest

Due to the tastiness of mushroom, this edible fungus often appears in people’s daily meals. Nevertheless, there are still various mushroom species that have not been identified. Thus, the automatic identification of mushroom toxicity is of great value. A number of methods are commonly employed to recognize mushroom toxicity, such as folk experience, chemical testing, animal experiments, and fungal classification, all of which cannot produce quick, accurate results and have a complicated cycle. To solve these problems, in this paper, we proposed an automatic toxicity identification method based on visual features. The proposed method regards toxicity identification as a binary classification problem. First, intuitive and easily accessible appearance data, such as the cap shape and color of mushrooms, were taken as features. Second, the missing data in any of the features were handled in two ways. Finally, three pattern-recognition methods, including logistic regression, support vector machine, and multigrained cascade forest, were used to construct 3 different toxicity classifiers for mushrooms. Compared with the logistic regression and support vector machine classifiers, the multigrained cascade forest classifier had better performance with an accuracy of approximately 98%, enhancing the possibility of preventing food poisoning. These classifiers can recognize the toxicity of mushrooms—even that of some unknown species—according to their appearance features and important social and application value.
Performance of a Double-cantilever Dynamic Vibration Absorber (DCDVA) Oriented in Transverse and Longitudinal Directions

This paper presents the vibration attenuation performance of a double-cantilever dynamic vibration absorber (DCDVA) attached to a simply-supported beam in two different orientations using theoretical and experimental methods. The results showed that the longitudinal configuration of the DCDVA yield better vibration attenuation by absorbing 80% more vibration than the transverse configuration. For the experimental results, the orientation of the DCDVA has very little effect on the resonant frequencies of the combined DCDVA and simply-supported beam system. However the damping of the second resonant frequency is higher for the transverse configuration. The lumped-mass model characterized the frequency response functions of the DCDVA oriented in the transverse direction only, the model could not reproduce the experimental response for the longitudinal orientation of the DCDVA.