Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gastric residual volume by magnetic ressonance after intake of maltodextrin and glutamine: a randomized double-blind, crossover study.

CONTEXT The addition of glutamine in preoperative drinks may enhance the benefits of carbohydrate alone. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the gastric residual volume after the intake of a beverage containing carbohydrate plus glutamine. METHODS Eleven healthy volunteers (24-30 years-old) were randomized in a crossover fashion to intake 400 mL (4h before) and 200 mL (2h before) of a beverage containing either 12.5% maltodextrin (carbohydrate group) or 12.5% maltodextrin plus 15 g of glutamine (glutamine group) in two different moments 7 days apart. Magnetic ressonance was performed to measure the gastric residual volume (mL) 120 and 180 minutes after the last ingestion. RESULTS Gastric residual volume similar to basal condition was found after 2h and 3h of the intake of beverages. There was no difference in the mean ±SD GRV (mL) found at 120 minutes (carbohydrate group: 22.9±16.6 and glutamine group: 19.7±10.7) and at 180 minutes (carbohydrate group: 21.5±24.1 and glutamine group: 15.1±10.1) between the two drinks. CONCLUSIONS Gastric emptying is efficient, and occurs in up to two hours after the intake of a beverage containing either carbohydrate alone or carbohydrate associated with glutamine. The addition of glutamine to carbohydrate-enriched drink seems to be safe for the use up to 2h before an operation.
Backbone cyclization: A new method for conferring conformational constraint on peptides

This article describes a new concept of medium‐ and long‐range cyclization of peptides through “backbone cyclization. ” In this approach, conformational constraints are conferred on a peptide by linking ω‐substituted alkylidene chains replacing Nα or Cα hydrogens in a peptidic backbone. Backbone cyclization, which is divided into N‐backbone and C‐backbone cyclizations, allow for new modes of cyclization in addition to the classical ones that are limited to cyclization through the side chains and/or the amino or carboxyl terminal groups. The article also describes the application of the N‐backbone cyclization to the active region of substance P. Conformational constraints of this peptide by the classical cyclization modes led to inactive analogues whereas N‐backbone cyclization provided an active, selective, and metabolically stable analogue.
Spatial Exclusivity Combined with Positive and Negative Selection of Phosphorylation Motifs Is the Basis for Context-Dependent Mitotic Signaling

Mitotic kinases that localize to the same compartment show negative selectivity for residues in each other’s recognition motifs. Motifs and Antimotifs Mitosis is a complex process controlled by multiple kinases, such as the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1/cyclin B, the Aurora kinases Aurora A and B, the kinase Nek2, and the Polo-like kinases, especially Plk1 (Polo-like kinase 1). Alexander et al. used in vitro assays and a peptide library screening method to refine the phosphorylation site selectivity of each of these kinases and found that those that were located in similar compartments within the cell during mitosis showed a strong negative selection for residues that were positively selected by other kinases in the same compartment. In contrast, those that were located in distinct compartments tended to recognize similar phosphorylation site motifs. These results led the authors to propose that mitotic kinase selectivity is determined by two factors—spatial exclusivity and “antimotif” specificity. The timing and localization of events during mitosis are controlled by the regulated phosphorylation of proteins by the mitotic kinases, which include Aurora A, Aurora B, Nek2 (never in mitosis kinase 2), Plk1 (Polo-like kinase 1), and the cyclin-dependent kinase complex Cdk1/cyclin B. Although mitotic kinases can have overlapping subcellular localizations, each kinase appears to phosphorylate its substrates on distinct sites. To gain insight into the relative importance of local sequence context in kinase selectivity, identify previously unknown substrates of these five mitotic kinases, and explore potential mechanisms for substrate discrimination, we determined the optimal substrate motifs of these major mitotic kinases by positional scanning oriented peptide library screening (PS-OPLS). We verified individual motifs with in vitro peptide kinetic studies and used structural modeling to rationalize the kinase-specific selection of key motif-determining residues at the molecular level. Cross comparisons among the phosphorylation site selectivity motifs of these kinases revealed an evolutionarily conserved mutual exclusion mechanism in which the positively and negatively selected portions of the phosphorylation motifs of mitotic kinases, together with their subcellular localizations, result in proper substrate targeting in a coordinated manner during mitosis.
Onset of Tlx‐3 expression in the chick cerebellar cortex correlates with the morphological development of fissures and delineates a posterior transverse boundary

Recent studies have shown that the mammalian cerebellar cortex can be subdivided into a reproducible array of zones and stripes. In particular, discontinuous patterns of gene expression together with mutational analysis suggest that there are at least four distinct transverse zones along the rostrocaudal axis in mouse: the anterior zone (lobules I–V), the central zone (lobules VI and VII), the posterior zone (lobules VIII and IX), and the nodular zone (lobule X). Here we show that the divergent homeobox‐containing transcription factor, Tlx‐ 3 (also known as Hox11L2 or Rnx) is transiently expressed in external granule cells in a distinct transverse domain of the developing chick cerebellar cortex. Expression is first detected at Hamburger and Hamilton (HH) stage 35. Interestingly, Tlx‐3 mRNA expression is initially confined to, and coincident with, the morphological development of fissures. Slightly later, at HH stage 38, expression extends throughout the developing external granular layer (EGL) of lobules I–IXab. Notably, no Tlx‐3 expression was detected in lobules IXc and X at any developmental time point examined. Expression is noticeably stronger in nonproliferating cells located in the deep layer of the EGL. Tlx‐3 expression is downregulated as granule cells migrate inward to form the internal granule layer and is undetectable shortly after birth. These results suggest that Tlx‐3 is expressed as granule cells become postmitotic and suggest that Tlx‐3 may play a role in the differentiation of distinct neuronal populations in the cerebellum. J. Comp. Neurol. 448:138–149, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Reliability and Validity of the Proposed Axis V (Disabilities) of ICD–10

Background The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the newly proposed axis V (disabilities) of ICD-10. Method Eighty-six acutely ill men and women were prospectively recruited from the Al Ain psychiatric units, UAE. Both versions of ICD–10, the Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines and the Diagnostic Criteria for Research (DCR) were used for coding axis I psychiatric diagnosis and its grade of severity; the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule was used to assess disabilities. Results Inter-rater reliability of the DAS items ranged from moderate to good, and axis V ratings correctly predicted 84% of the observed classification on axis I. Conclusion Axis V is a valid measure of disabilities, but is limited by its modest reliability. British Journal of Psychiatry (1994), 165, 683–685
Evaluation of the Performance of a DC-Link Brake Chopper as a DFIG Low-Voltage Fault-Ride-Through Device

The performance of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) during grid faults is attracting much interest due to the proliferation of wind turbines that employ this technology. International grid codes specify that the generator must exhibit a fault-ride-through (FRT) capability by remaining connected and contributing to network stability during a fault. Many DFIG systems employ a rotor circuit crowbar to protect the rotor converter during a fault. Although this works well to protect the generator, it does not provide favorable grid support behavior. This paper describes an experimental investigation of an alternative FRT approach using a brake chopper circuit across the converter dc link to ensure that the dc-link voltage remains under control during a fault. Two different approaches to chopper control are examined and the resulting FRT performance is compared with that of a conventional crowbar approach. The new chopper-based control methods are experimentally evaluated using a 7.5-kW DFIG test rig facility.
Interplay Between the Acute Inflammatory Response and Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Human Volunteers

The autonomic nervous system and the inflammatory response are intimately linked. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a widely used method to assess cardiac autonomic nervous system activity, and changes in HRV indices may correlate with inflammatory markers. Here, we investigated whether baseline HRV predicts the acute inflammatory response to endotoxin. Second, we investigated whether the magnitude of the inflammatory response correlated with HRV alterations. Forty healthy volunteers received a single intravenous bolus of 2 ng/kg endotoxin (LPS, derived from Escherichia coli O:113). Of these, 12 healthy volunteers were administered LPS again 2 weeks later. Heart rate variability was determined at baseline (just before LPS administration) and hourly thereafter until 8 h after LPS administration. Plasma cytokine levels were determined at various time points. Baseline HRV indices did not correlate with the magnitude of the LPS-induced inflammatory response. Despite large alterations in HRV after LPS administration, the extent of the inflammatory response did not correlate with the magnitude of HRV changes. In subjects who were administered LPS twice, inflammatory cytokines were markedly attenuated after the second LPS administration, whereas LPS-induced HRV alterations were similar. Heart rate variability indices do not predict the acute inflammatory response in a standardized model of systemic inflammation. Although the acute inflammatory response results in HRV changes, no correlations with inflammatory cytokines were observed. Therefore, the magnitude of endotoxemia-related HRV changes does not reflect the extent of the inflammatory response.
Surface Current Characteristics in the Taiwan Strait Observed by High-Frequency Radars

In this paper, we focus on the characteristics of the surface currents in the Taiwan Strait observed by two high-frequency surface wave radars (HFSWRs). The current velocities correlate well with the in situ buoy records, which show the reliability of the radar data. Tidal constituents are then calculated from the 80-day-long sea current data. The current pattern in this area consists of a dominant semidiurnal tidal component and a mixed semidiurnal one. The influence of the shallow-water constituents is significant, and the bathymetry also produces an obvious effect on the spatial distribution characteristics of the tidal currents. The directions of the major axes of the ${M}_{2}$ tidal current ellipses coincide well with that of the strait axis. Besides, the east–west components of the residual current velocity and the wind speed are found to be highly correlated with a correlation coefficient up to 0.808, while the north–south components are nearly uncorrelated with a correlation coefficient down to 0.238. This study shows the great capability of the HFSWR in oceanographic researches and applications, especially for the tidal analysis and a further study of the wind–current relation.
Current Options for Injectable Contraception in the United States

Two injectable forms of hormonal contraception, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA, Depo-Provera) and medroxyprogesterone acetate/estradiol cypionate (MPA/E(2)C, Lunelle), are now available to American women. Both formulations have demonstrated high degrees of efficacy, safety, and ease of use in international and U.S. trials. Data on DMPA have shown a number of noncontraceptive and therapeutic benefits, the most prominent of which is an 80% reduction in the risk of endometrial cancer. Although such benefits are less documented for MPA/E(2)C, they are expected to be similar to those seen with DMPA and oral contraceptives. Minor side effects of both formulations include menstrual irregularities in the early months of treatment and amenorrhea with DMPA. Patient counseling about the potential for these side effects, as well as possible risks, is important to long-term successful use of these contraceptive methods.
A miniature, 500 000 rpm, electrically driven turbocompressor

The trend in compressors for fuel cells, heat pumps, aerospace and automotive heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, is towards ultra-compact size and high efficiency. This can be achieved by using turbocompressors instead of scroll, lobe or screw compressors, increasing the rotational speed and employing new electrical drive system technology and materials. This paper presents a miniature, electrically driven two stage turbocompressor system running at a rated speed of 500 000 rpm. The design includes the thermodynamic analysis, the electric motor, the inverter, the control and the system integration with rotor dynamics and thermal considerations. Experimental measurements such as the compressor map are presented for air under laboratory conditions. The two stage turbocompressor has been tested up to a speed of 600 000 rpm, where a maximal pressure ratio of 2.3 at a mass flow of 0.5 g/s has been reached. To the authors knowledge this is the highest rotational speed achieved with an electrically driven turbocompressor.
Isl-1 down-regulates DRG cell proliferation during chicken embryo development.

OBJECTIVE Protein Isl-1 RNA interference and over expression in early chicken embryo dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were used to investigate the function of Isl-1 in DRG cell proliferation. METHODS Isl-1 targeted shRNA expression vector and Isl-1 over-expression vector were transfected into chicken embryo DRG by in ovo electroporation. Then, the DRG proliferation rate was detected by BrdU immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The rate of DRG cell proliferation increased after Isl-1 knock-down and decreased after Isl-1 over-expression. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that Isl-1 negatively modulates DRG cell proliferation.
Impact of location errors on energy-efficient geographic routing in wireless sensor networks

Due to the inevitable existance of location errors in WSN with localization, there is the need to study the impact of errors on geographic routing. In this paper, we focus on some of the fundamental issues caused by location errors in the design of energy-efficient geographic routing algorithms in WSNs. The results of our analysis show the clear need of an energy-efficient geographic routing protocol which not only tolerates location errors but also achieves reduced energy consumption.
2-(4-Methoxybenzylidene)-2H-1,3-benzodithiole 1,1,3,3-tetraoxide

The title compound, C15H12O5S2, crystallizes with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. In both molecules, the 1,3-benzodithiole plane and the aryl ring of the anisyl group are not quite coplanar; the corresponding dihedral angles are 20.4 (1) and 18.0 (1)°. π-Stacking [with centroid–centroid distances between 3.5440 (14) and 3.8421 (14) Å] takes place along [100] between the alternating benzodithiole benzene rings of symmetrically independent molecules, and also between the anisyl groups of symmetrically related molecules. Furthermore, molecules are linked through C—H⋯O interactions.
Ultra low bit-rate video communication : video coding = pattern recognition

A large amount of the information in conversations come from non-verbal cues such as facial expressions and body gesture. These cues are lost when we don't communicate face-to-face. But face-to-face communication doesn't have to happen in person. With video communication we can at least deliver information about the facial mimic and some gestures. This thesis is about video communication over distances; communication that can be available over networks with low capacity since the bitrate needed for video communication is low. A visual image needs to have high quality and resolution to be semantically meaningful for communication. To deliver such video over networks require that the video is compressed. The standard way to compress video images, used by H.264 and MPEG-4, is to divide the image into blocks and represent each block with mathematical waveforms; usually frequency features. These mathematical waveforms are quite good at representing any kind of video since they do not resemble anything; they are just frequency features. But since they are completely arbitrary they cannot compress video enough to enable use over networks with limited capacity, such as GSM and GPRS. Another issue is that such codecs have a high complexity because of the redundancy removal with positional shift of the blocks. High complexity and bitrate means that a device has to consume a large amount of energy for encoding, decoding and transmission of such video; with energy being a very important factor for battery-driven devices. Drawbacks of standard video coding mean that it isn't possible to deliver video anywhere and anytime when it is compressed with such codecs. To resolve these issues we have developed a totally new type of video coding. Instead of using mathematical waveforms for representation we use faces to represent faces. This makes the compression much more efficient than if waveforms are used even though the faces are person-dependent. By building a model of the changes in the face, the facial mimic, this model can be used to encode the images. The model consists of representative facial images and we use a powerful mathematical tool to extract this model; namely principal component analysis (PCA). This coding has very low complexity since encoding and decoding only consist of multiplication operations. The faces are treated as single encoding entities and all operations are performed on full images; no block processing is needed. These features mean that PCA coding can deliver high quality video at very low bitrates with low complexity for encoding and decoding. With the use of asymmetrical PCA (aPCA) it is possible to use only semantically important areas for encoding while decoding full frames or a different part of the frames. We show that a codec based on PCA can compress facial video to a bitrate below 5 kbps and still provide high quality. This bitrate can be delivered on a GSM network. We also show the possibility of extending PCA coding to encoding of high definition video.
3D object recognition with a specialized mixtures of experts architecture

The aim of the AXON/sup 2/ project is the development of an object recognition system capable of recognizing isolated 3D objects from arbitrary views. Classification is often based on a single feature extracted from the original image. Here, we present an architecture adapted from the mixtures of experts algorithm which uses multiple neural networks to integrate different features. During training each neural network specializes in a subset of objects or object views appropriate to the properties of the corresponding feature space. In recognition mode the system dynamically chooses the most relevant features and combines them with maximum efficiency. The remaining less relevant features are not computed and therefore do not decelerate the recognition process. Thus, the algorithm is well suited for real-time applications.
Salivary gland FNA: New markers and new opportunities for improved diagnosis

Salivary gland fine-needle aspiration (FNA) represents 1 of the most challenging areas of cytopathology in part because of the extraordinary diversity of both benign and malignant salivary gland tumors (SGTs), heterogeneity within the same tumor, and significant morphologic overlap between many of them. SGTs are 1 of the largest groups of human neoplasms, with over 3 dozen benign and malignant epithelial neoplasms in the 2005 World Health Organization classification. Many of these entities are rare, and additional entities have been recognized during the last decade. Nonetheless, FNA plays an important role in the evaluation of salivary gland lesions and reportedly has relatively high sensitivity (range, 86%-98%) for detecting carcinoma and high specificity (range, 97%-98%) in differentiating between benign and malignant tumors and between nonneoplastic and neoplastic tumors. This high degree of diagnostic accuracy is partially attributed to the finding that the majority of SGTs are pleomorphic adenoma (PA), Warthin tumor (WT), or high-grade carcinoma, including carcinoma that is metastatic to intraparotid and periparotid lymph nodes, for which the cytologic diagnosis is usually straightforward. However, the accuracy is more variable when cytology is used to specifically subtype a neoplasm (range, 48%-94%). Although precise classification of SGTs by FNA based on cytomorphology alone is possible for many of the commonly encountered lesions, it remains problematic for some entities. Indeed, most malignant SGTs are low grade (LG) and exhibit few overt cytologic features of malignancy. In addition, whereas high-grade (HG) malignancies are usually readily recognizable as malignant, they can be difficult to distinguish from 1 another. Finally, some benign SGTs (eg, basal cell adenoma or myoepithelioma) have a malignant counterpart that is often morphologically identical and can only be distinguished by growth pattern assessment; that is, it cannot be determined cytologically. Most SGTs presumably originate from acinar/ductal epithelial (luminal) or myoepithelial/basal (abluminal) cells and are composed of 1-cell types (eg, acinic cell carcinoma [AciCC]), 2-cell types (eg, PA and adenoid cystic carcinoma [AdCC]), 3-cell types (eg, mucoepidermoid carcinoma [MEC]), or more when considering superimposed metaplastic changes (eg, oncocytic and clear cells). Until recently, ancillary markers were of limited value for solving diagnostic problems in salivary gland neoplasia, primarily because they lacked specificity and because many SGTs have a similar composition of epithelial and myoepithelial cells with overlapping immunochemical profiles. However, the discovery of several novel and/or next-generation immunocytochemical and molecular