Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Squeezed: Coping with Constraint through Efficiency and Prioritization

When consumers perceive that a resource is limited and may be insufficient to accomplish goals, they recruit and enact plans to cope with the shortage. We distinguish two common strategies: efficiency planning yields savings by stretching the resource, whereas priority planning does so by sacrificing less important goals. Using a variety of methods to explore both financial and time planning, we investigate how the two types of planning differ, how they vary with constraint, and how they interrelate. Relative to efficiency planning, priority planning is perceived as yielding larger one-time savings, but it feels more costly because it requires trade-offs within-resource (e.g., money for money) as opposed to cross-resource (e.g., time for money). As constraint increases and greater resource savings are required, prioritization becomes more likely. However, the shift to prioritization is often insufficient, and consumers tend to react to insufficient prioritization dysfunctionally, making a bad situation worse. Budgeting helps consumers behave more adaptively. Budgeters respond to constraint with more priority planning than nonbudgeters, and they report fewer dysfunctional behaviors, like overspending and impulsive shopping.
Effect of Flushing on Nutrient Utilization and Reproductive Performance of Ewes Grazing on Community Rangeland

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of flushing of ewes with concentrate pellets just before the mating season on their nutrient utilization and reproductive performance on farms. Forty-eight Malpura ewes, 1-5 years old were randomly divided into 2 groups of 24 each (G1and G2). Ewes in both the groups were grazed on natural rangeland from 07.00 to 18.00 hr followed by night shelter in animal shed. G1 ewes were maintained on sole grazing while G2 ewes, in addition to grazing, received concentrate pellets at the rate of 1.5% of their body weight. The mean biomass yield of the community rangeland was 0.46 ton DM/hectare. The intakes of DM (g/kg W 0.75 ), DCP (g/kg W 0.75 ) and ME (MJ/kg W 0.75 ) were higher (p<0.01) in G2 as compared to that of G1 being 86.5, 10.2 and 1.15 and 57.5, 4.7 and 0.75, respectively. The digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF and hemicellulose were also higher (p<0.01) in G2 as compared to that of G1 being 57.2, 76.7, 78.9, 51.9 and 81.6 and 50.8, 68.7, 68.4, 45.4 and 74.4, respectively. The conception rate was higher (79.2%) in flushed ewes as compared to that of non-flushed (66.7%). Five of the pregnant ewes died and another 5 aborted in G1 while in G2, 5 ewes aborted with no mortality. The lambing was higher (73.7%) in G2 than that in G1 (37.5%). The birth weight of lambs was higher (p<0.05) in G2 (3.47 kg) than that in G1 (2.95 kg). Further, the birth weight of male lambs was higher (3.28) than that of female lambs (3.14). It is concluded that the biomass yield of the community rangeland in semi-arid region of India is low and insufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of ewes prior to mating season. However, concentrate supplementation at the rate of 1.5% of body weight to ewes during this critical stage enhanced their plane of nutrition, reproductive performance, body condition and birth weights of lambs. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2006. Vol 19, No. 4 : 521-525)
Patient Positivity and Participation in Health Services : Examining the Mediating Effects of Self-and Other-Efficacy

Patient participation in health care is critical to forming the outcomes of a clinical treatment, yet patient often do not participate at levels that optimize their outcomes. This study applies the theory of positive emotions to examine how patient participation behaviors derived from positive emotions is mediated by their perceived efficacy of themselves (self-efficacy, SE) and their partners (otherefficacy, OE) in health services. The model was tested using data from 150 local hospital outpatients in southern Taiwan. Empirical results confirm that as patient relative affect levels become more positive, levels of participation increase as well. In turn, higher levels of positivity and participation improve patient perceptions of the quality of the health care and satisfaction with the co-produced clinical treatment experience. Both SE and OE significantly mediates the positive emotion impact on patient participation while OE demonstrated a higher positive effect than SE. Implications of this research offer healthcare managers on designing services to help patients in managing their emotions in ways that facilitate positivity and participation and thus improve clinical service perceptions and outcomes. Physicians need to tailor their communication behavior to encourage participation and win confidence among and from all patients.
Thermo-acoustic stability of a helicopter gas turbine combustor using Large Eddy Simulation

Compressible Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of turbulent reacting flows potentially offers a realistic representation of the physical phenomena involved in thermoacoustic instabilities. Coupled with Helmholtz solvers, which provide a mean of identification of the acoustic eigenmodes in complex geometries, that advanced numerical tool may provide a very powerful environment to assess the stability of real engine combustion chambers. The common use of a fully unstructured LES solver and a Helmholtz eigenmode tool proves here to be very useful to diagnose two operating points of a real gas turbine chamber which are known to operate with self-sustained oscillations. If the geometrical complexity and proper computational domain are chosen, the two thermo-acoustic instabilities are very well reproduced. Predictibility of LES for such problems is thus demonstrated provided that issues pertaining to the inlet acoustic impedances can be properly answered.
BEYOND PANOPTICISM: ON THE RAMIFICATIONS OF SURVEILLANCE IN A CONTEMPORARY PROFESSIONAL SETTING By Marion Brivot, Ph.D

This paper provides fieldwork evidence, which solid ifies an emerging view in literature, regarding the limitations of the panoptical metapho r in informing meaningfully and productively the analysis of contemporary surveillance and contr ol. Our thesis is that the panopticon metaphor, which conceives of the organization as a bounded en closure made up of divisible, observable and calculable spaces, is becoming less and less releva nt in the age of contemporary surveillance technologies. Through a longitudinal socio-ethnogra phic study of the ramifications of surveillance ensuing from the implementation of a c omputerized knowledge management system (KMS) in a Parisian tax/law firm, our analysis poin ts to the proliferation of lateral networks of surveillance having developed in the aftermath of i mplementation. In this complex and unstable constellation of rhizomatical controls, peers are i nvolved in scrutinizing the validity of one another’s work, irrespective of the office’s hierar chies and official lines of specialization. As a result, games of visibility (exhibitionism), observ ation (voyeurism) and secrecy (hiding one’s work from the KMS) abound in the office. One of our main conclusions is to emphasize the pertinence of apprehending control and surveillance from angles that take into account the ambiguities, complexities and unpredictability of h uman institutions, especially in digitalized environments.
Using Private Rights to Manage Natural Resources: Is Stewardship Linked to Ownership?

There is increasing interest in privatizing natural resource systems to promote sustainability and conservation goals. Though economic theory suggests owners of private property rights have an incentive to act as resource stewards, few studies have tested this empirically. This paper asks whether private rights-owners were more conservative with respect to their management opinions than nonrights-owners in five Australian abalone (Haliotis spp.) fisheries. Multiple regression analyses were used to link opinions to demographic, economic, and attitudinal variables. In contrast to standard economic assumptions, nonrights-owners suggested more conservative catch limits than did rights-owners, confirming qualitative observations of behavior in management workshops. Differing views about the condition of the resource and differing levels of experience contributed to these results. The first of its kind, this study directly demonstrates that private rights do not necessarily promote the greatest level of stewardship. This has substantial implications for how natural resources are governed globally, but also warns against applying simplistic behavioral assumptions to complex social-ecological systems.
Regulation of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand by interleukin-10 in human dental follicle cells

Purpose: This study was undertaken to determine the expression of interleukin-10 at protein level in human dental follicle cells and the effect of interleukin-10 on gene expression of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand. Materials and Methods: Primary human dental follicle cells were cultured. The expression of interleukin-10 at protein level was detected by immunocytochemistry. The gene expression of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand treated with 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 ng/mL interleukin-10 for 1 hour (for osteoprotegerin) or for 6 hours (for receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand) was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Osteoprotegerin secretion treated with 25 ng/mL interleukin-10 at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Interleukin-10 was expressed in human dental follicle cells. Interleukin-10 enhanced osteoprotegerin gene expression and secretion. In contrast, interleukin-10 suppressed receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand gene expresson. Protein kinase C inhibitors, myristoylated protein kinase C peptide inhibitor and Go6983, decreased interleukin-10-induced osteoprotegerin, whereas protein kinase A inhibitors, cAMPdependent protein kinase peptide inhibitor and KT5720, did not decrease it. Conclusion: The molecular basis for interleukin-10 on the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis is by enhancement of osteoprotegerin gene expression and suppression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand gene expression in human dental follicle cells. Interleukin-10-induced osteoprotegerin secretion was dependent on protein kinase C pathway. Interleukin-10 signaling may play an important role in the tooth eruption process. (Int Chin J Dent 2007; 7: 7-13.)
Technical Report: Answering Datalog Queries with Unix Shell Commands

Dealing with large tabular datasets often requires extensive preprocessing. This preprocessing happens only once, so that loading and indexing the data in a database or triple store may be an overkill. In this paper, we present an approach that allows preprocessing large tabular data in Datalog – without indexing the data. The Datalog query is translated to Unix Bash and can be executed in a shell. Our experiments show that, for the use case of data preprocessing, our approach is competitive with state-of-the-art systems in terms of scalability and speed, while at the same time requiring only a Bash shell, and a Unix-compatible operating system. We also provide a basic SPARQL and OWL 2 to Datalog converter to make our system interoperable with semantic web standards.
Determination of Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance Value

A wide variety of surfactants are available in market therefore one must need to choose suitable surfactant to give maximum effect to final product. Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) system enables to choose proper surfactant with ease. Therefore, study of HLB system is very important. This paper reviews the importance of HLB system and methods of calculating it. Further, it also provides the distinction of surfactants application based on their HLB values. This paper would be useful to get easy access to calculations of HLB and would act as a time-saving guide to surfactant selection.
Delamination structure imaged in the source area of the 1982 Urakawa‐oki earthquake

The Kuril arc collides with the northeast Japan arc in the southern part of Hokkaido, Japan. 3‐D tomographic inversion of data from a dense network of sensitive ocean‐bottom seismographs and land stations has allowed imaging of previously unseen details of the arc‐arc collision structure. A low velocity body dips gently southwestward, at depths of 35 to 45 km, from east of the Hidaka Mountains to the source area of the 1982 Urakawa‐oki destructive earthquake (Ms 6.8). The low velocity body is the lower half of the lower crust of the Kuril arc, which must have been delaminated by the collision. We believe that the continuing collision of the delaminated lower crust with the northeast Japan arc resulted as an episode of aseismic slow slip prior to the 1982 Urakawa‐oki earthquake as well being the reason for the high seismic activity in this region.
LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION IN LOW WIND CONDITIONS

Os resultados preliminares de uma simulacao dos grandes turbilhoes (LES) em uma camada limite convectiva com vento fraco sao apresentados. Uma simulacao LES foi realizada incluindo, na superficie, a teoria de similaridade de Monin-Obukhov e a teoria de conveccao natural. Os resultados foram comparados com radiossondagens e observacoes superficiais realizadas no CNR (Italian National Research Council) de Torino (em 22 de setembro de 2007), Italia. O modelo LES mostrou-se capaz de descrever uma condicao atmosferica de baixa velocidade do vento.
251-257 Ramankutty.p65

The global land base is fundamental to our success as a civilization. Croplands are the sites of world food production, while savannas and grasslands provide areas for grazing, and forests and woodlands are sources of fuelwood, paper, timber, and pharmaceutical products. Yet we still have a poor understanding of the conditions of these crucial land resources. Here we review This study reviews the major changes in global distribution of croplands during the 20 century. During the 20 century, the cropland base diminished greatly (from ~ 0.75 ha person in 1900 to ~ 0.35 ha person in 1990). This loss of croplands was not globally uniform: more than half the world’s population, living in developing nations, lost nearly two-thirds of their per capita cropland base. The distribution of croplands has become increasingly skewed —in 1990, 80% of the population lived off less than 0.35 ha person. While agricultural yields have generally increased, they have barely kept pace with population growth in developing nations. Overall, the global food production system is becoming increasingly vulnerable to regional disruptions because of our increasing reliance on expensive technological options to increase agricultural production, or on global food trade. People on the Land: Changes in Global Population and Croplands during the 20 Century Article Navin Ramankutty, Jonathan A. Foley and Nicholas J. Olejniczak
Anatomical, light and scanning electron microscopical study of ostrich (Struthio camelus) integument.

The current study dealt with the gross and microscopic anatomy of the integument of male ostrich in addition to the histological features of different areas of skin. The ostrich skin is characterized by prominent feather follicles and bristles. The number of feather follicles was determined per cm2 in different regions. The integument of ostrich had many modifica- tions, which appeared as callosities and scales, nail and toe pads. They were sternal, pubic and Achilles tendon callosities. The vacuolated epidermal cells were seen mainly in the skin of legs and to a lesser extent in the skin of back and Achilles areas. Higher lipogenic potential was ex- pressed by epidermis from glabrous areas of ostrich skin. The dermal papillae were found in the skin of feathered area of neck and back and this was not a common finding in bird's skin, which may give resistance against shearing forces in these regions of ostrich skin. The thickness of the keratin layer of ostrich varied, being thick and characteristically loose in the skin at legs, very thin and wavy at neck, while at Achilles skin area, scales and toe pad were thick and more compact, with the thickest very dense and wavy keratin layer at the nail. The dermis consisted of superficial layer of dense irregular connective tissue characterized by presence of many vacuoles of different sizes just under the basal lamina of the epithelium of epidermis and deep layer of dense regular connective tissue. This result suggested the presence of fat droplets in this layer which may be to overcome the lack of good barrier of cutaneous water loss in epidermis.
Silver and palladium help unveil the nature of a second r-process

Context. The rapid neutron-capture process, which created about half of the heaviest elements in the solar system, is believed to have been unique. Many recent studies have shown that this uniqueness is not true for the formation of lighter elements, in particular those in the atomic number range 38 < Z < 48. Among these, palladium (Pd) and especially silver (Ag) are expected to be key indicators of a possible second r-process, but until recently they have been studied only in a few stars. We therefore target Pd and Ag in a large sample of stars and compare these abundances to those of Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, and Eu produced by the slow (s-) and rapid (r-) neutron-capture processes. Hereby we investigate the nature of the formation process of Ag and Pd. Aims. We study the abundances of seven elements (Sr, Y, Zr, Pd, Ag, Ba, and Eu) to gain insight into the formation process of the elements and explore in depth the nature of the second r-process. Methods. By adopting a homogeneous one-dimensional local thermodynamic equilibrium (1D LTE) analysis of 71 stars, we derive stellar abundances using the spectral synthesis code MOOG, and the MARCS model atmospheres. We calculate abundance ratio trends and compare the derived abundances to site-dependent yield predictions (low-mass O-Ne-Mg core-collapse supernovae and parametrised high-entropy winds), to extract characteristics of the second r-process. Results. The seven elements are tracers of different (neutron-capture) processes, which in turn allows us to constrain the formation process(es) of Pd and Ag. The abundance ratios of the heavy elements are found to be correlated and anti-correlated. These trends lead to clear indications that a second/weak r-process, is responsible for the formation of Pd and Ag. On the basis of the comparison to the model predictions, we find that the conditions under which this process takes place differ from those for the main r-process in needing lower neutron number densities, lower neutron-to-seed ratios, and lower entropies, and/or higher electron abundances. Conclusions. Our analysis confirms that Pd and Ag form via a rapid neutron-capture process that differs from the main r-process, the main and weak s-processes, and charged particle freeze-outs. We find that this process is efficiently working down to the lowest metallicity sampled by our analysis ([Fe/H] = −3.3). Our results may indicate that a combination of these explosive sites is needed to explain the variety in the observationally derived abundance patterns.
Neural Networks-based Automatic Speech Recognition for Agricultural Commodity in Gujarati Language

In this paper, we present a development of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system as a part of a speech-based access for an agricultural commodity in the Gujarati (a low resource) language. We proposed to use neural networks for language modeling, acoustic modeling, and feature learning from the raw speech signals. The speech database of agricultural commodities was collected from the farmers belonging to various villages of Gujarat state (India). The database has various dialectal variations and real noisy acoustic environments. Acoustic modeling is performed using Time Delay Neural Networks (TDNN). The auditory feature representation is learned using Convolu-tional Restricted Boltzmann Machine (ConvRBM) and Teager Energy Operator (TEO). The language model (LM) rescoring is performed using Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). RNNLM rescoring provides an absolute reduction of 0.69-1.18 in % WER for all the feature sets compared to the bi-gram LM. The system combination of ConvRBM and Mel ﬁlterbank further improved the performance of ASR compared to the baseline TDNN with Mel ﬁlterbank features (5.4 % relative reduction in WER). The statistical signiﬁcance of proposed approach is justiﬁed using a bootstrap-based % Probability of Improvement (POI) measure.
Neutrino capture andr-process nucleosynthesis

Author(s): Meyer, Bradley S; McLaughlin, Gail C; Fuller, George M | Abstract: We explore neutrino capture during [Formula Presented]-process nucleosynthesis in neutrino-driven ejecta from nascent neutron stars. We focus on the interplay between charged-current weak interactions and element synthesis, and we delineate the important role of equilibrium nuclear dynamics. During the period of coexistence of free nucleons and light and/or heavy nuclei, electron neutrino capture inhibits the [Formula Presented]-process. At all stages, capture on free neutrons has a larger impact than capture on nuclei. However, neutrino capture on heavy nuclei by itself, if it is very strong, is also detrimental to the [Formula Presented]-process until large nuclear equilibrium clusters break down and the classical neutron-capture phase of the [Formula Presented]-process begins. The sensitivity of the [Formula Presented]-process to neutrino irradiation means that neutrino-capture effects can strongly constrain the [Formula Presented]-process site, neutrino physics, or both. These results apply also to [Formula Presented]-process scenarios other than the neutrino-heated winds. © 1998 The American Physical Society.
Efficient forward modelling by matrix representation of sensor responses

The polarization, frequency and spatial responses of the sensor can be considered by calculating the Stokes vector of monochromatic pencil beam radiances for a set of frequencies and viewing directions, and weight these radiances with the instrument responses. This paper presents a highly efficient solution for this calculation procedure. The basic idea is to pre‐calculate a matrix that represents the mapping from polarisation, frequency and spatial values to measured data. Sensor impacts can then be included by a simple matrix multiplication. The full sensor matrix can be obtained by determining the response matrix for the sensor parts individually. Data reduction methods can also be incorporated. A simple method for optimizing the calculation grids is further presented. The described approach for sensor modeling has been implemented in two public available softwares for atmospheric radiative transfer simulations.