Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mental health in children of parents being treated by specialised psychiatric services

Background: One in ten children have a parent diagnosed with a mental illness by specialised psychiatric services. Severe parental mental illness is a well-established risk factor for children’s mental health problems, making the identification and support of these children a public health concern. This study investigated the mental health and family context of children of parents diagnosed with depression, anxiety, or bipolar disorder in this clinical setting. Methods: Parental reports on 87 children aged 8–17 years were analysed. The children’s mental health was compared with that of a Swedish population-based sample. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate associations between child mental health and child gender, child age, parent symptoms and social status, family functioning, and perceived parental control. Furthermore, a cumulative risk index explored the effect of multiple risk factors on child mental health. Results: The children reportedly had significantly more mental health problems than did the population-based sample and about one-third had scores above the clinical cut-off. A significant multiple linear regression explained 49% of the variance in child mental health, with lower perceived parental control and younger child age being associated with more child mental health problems. With more reported risk factors, children reportedly had more mental health problems. Conclusions: The results underline the importance of identifying a patient’s children and assessing multiple relevant risk factors in the child’s life. Furthermore, the results indicate that the needs of younger children and of patients in their parenting role are important to address.
Associations of online religious participation during COVID-19 lockdown with subsequent health and well-being among UK adults

Abstract Background In-person religious service attendance has been linked to favorable health and well-being outcomes. However, little research has examined whether online religious participation improves these outcomes, especially when in-person attendance is suspended. Methods Using longitudinal data of 8951 UK adults, this study prospectively examined the association between frequency of online religious participation during the stringent lockdown in the UK (23 March –13 May 2020) and 21 indicators of psychological well-being, social well-being, pro-social/altruistic behaviors, psychological distress, and health behaviors. All analyses adjusted for baseline socio-demographic characteristics, pre-pandemic in-person religious service attendance, and prior values of the outcome variables whenever data were available. Bonferroni correction was used to correct for multiple testing. Results Individuals with online religious participation of ≥1/week (v. those with no participation at all) during the lockdown had a lower prevalence of thoughts of self-harm in week 20 (odds ratio 0.24; 95% CI 0.09–0.62). Online religious participation of <1/week (v. no participation) was associated with higher life satisfaction (standardized β = 0.25; 0.11–0.39) and happiness (standardized β = 0.25; 0.08–0.42). However, there was little evidence for the associations between online religious participation and all other outcomes (e.g. depressive symptoms and anxiety). Conclusions There was evidence that online religious participation during the lockdown was associated with some subsequent health and well-being outcomes. Future studies should examine mechanisms underlying the inconsistent results for online v. in-person religious service attendance and also use data from non-pandemic situations.
A comparative assessment of the morphology of Profilicollis altmani (Acanthocephala, Polymorphidae) from crustaceans and shore birds in Peru, with special notes on hook elemental analysis (EDXA), SEM imaging, histopathology, and molecular profile

The morphology of cystacanths and adults of Profilicollis altmani (Perry, 1942) Van Cleave, 1947 (Polymorphidae) were studied from the Pacific mole crab Emerita analoga (Stimpson) (Crustacea, Hippidae) and Belcher’s gull Larus belcheri (Vigors) (Aves, Laridae), respectively, in Peru. Comparative morphometrics with accounts of other populations of P. altmani from elsewhere off the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of North and South America revealed marked intraspecific population variations. We report scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of new features, not before noted or captured in line drawings by earlier observers. We further present microscope images that reveal internal details not previously reported or possible to see with SEM. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) revealed unusual patterns in the chemistry of proboscis hooks especially the high sulfur and diminished phosphorous and calcium in hook tips and low sulfur and high levels of phosphorous and calcium at mid hooks. The size and shape of all hooks of the cystacanths are reported for the first time. Histopathological studies in L. belcheri from Peru are also included. Cystacanths of P. altmani from California were also analyzed for molecular patterns and compared with other sequences reported from other locations. The molecular data and the analysis of our new sequences of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) showed that haplotypes of P. altmani had low genetic variation; the species is not geographically structured, and within its clade no monophyletic group is formed.
Relationship of American Heart Association's Life Simple 7, Ectopic Fat and Insulin Resistance in 5 racial/ethnic groups.

BACKGROUND The inverse association between ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) as measured by the American Heart Association's Life Simple 7 (LS7) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence is well documented. However, research exploring the association between CVH and specific risk factors for cardiometabolic disease is sparse in diverse cohorts. METHODS This study included 7717 participants from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohorts. We assigned each LS7 component a 0, 1, and 2 and summed these scores to derive an overall CVH score. Visceral, subcutaneous, and intermuscular fat area, pericardial fat volume, and hepatic fat attenuation were measured using non-contrast computed tomography. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine associations between CVH categories and each log-transformed ectopic fat depot, as well as the homeostatic assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS In adjusted analysis, compared to those with ideal CVH, participants with poor CVH demonstrated 63.4% (95% CI, 54.3 - 73.0) higher visceral fat area, 84.0% (76.5 - 92.1) higher pericardial fat volume, 61.6% (50.7 - 73.2) higher subcutaneous fat area, and 40.6% (30.2 - 52.0) higher intermuscular fat area, and 15.1% (13.1 - 17.2) higher hepatic fat (all p<0.001). Also, poor CVH was associated with 148.2% (131.1 - 166.7) higher HOMA-IR. We also found significant heterogeneity in the strengths of association by race/ethnicity for each ectopic fat depot. CONCLUSION Poor and intermediate CVH, as defined by LS7 metrics, were associated with significantly higher measures of ectopic fat and insulin resistance among individuals from 5 racial/ethnic groups.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling Studies of New Thiosemicarbazide‐Triazole Hybrid Derivatives of (S)‐Naproxen

The discovery of new antimicrobial molecules is crucial for combating drug‐resistant bacterial and fungal infections that pose a dangerous threat to human health. In the current research, we applied a molecular hybridization approach to synthesize original thiosemicarbazide‐triazole derivatives starting from (S)‐naproxen (7a–7k). After structural characterization using FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and HR‐MS, the obtained compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and their isolates, as well. Although all compounds were found to be moderate antimicrobial agents, in general, their antibacterial activities were better than antifungal effects. Among the tested compounds, 7j carrying nitrophenyl group on the thiosemicarbazide functionality represented the best MIC value against S. aureus isolate. Finally, molecular docking studies were performed in the active pocket of S. aureus flavohemoglobin to rationalize the obtained biological data.
Phosphatidylserine released from apoptotic cells in tumor induces M2‐like macrophage polarization through the PSR‐STAT3‐JMJD3 axis

Understanding how the tumor microenvironment is shaped by various factors is important for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Tumor cells often undergo spontaneous apoptotic cell death in tumor microenvironment, these apoptotic cells are histologically co‐localized with immunosuppressive macrophages. However, the mechanism by which tumor cell apoptosis modulates macrophage polarization is not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the tumor promoting effects of apoptotic tumor cells and the signal pathways involved.
Long non-coding ribonucleic acid AFAP1-AS1 promotes chondrocyte proliferation via the miR-512-3p/matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP-13) axis

ABSTRACT Long-chain non-coding RNAs are reported to be involved in cartilage damage. However, less research on the role of actin filament-associated protein 1 antisense RNA 1 (AFAP1-AS1) in osteoarthritis. To investigate AFAP1-AS1 function in osteoarthritis development, AFAP1-AS1 and miR-512-3p expression levels in osteoarthritis cartilage and cells were evaluated using RT-qPCR. The downstream target genes of AFAP1-AS1 and miR-512-3p were predicted and validated using luciferase reporter assays. Moreover, a knee osteoarthritis model was established by injecting monoiodoacetate into the knee joints of mice. The effects of AFAP1-AS1 and miR-512-3p on osteoarthritis chondrocyte proliferation and MMP-13, collagen II, and collagen IV expressions were detected in vivo using CCK-8 assay and Western blotting and RT-qPCR, respectively. AFAP1-AS1 expression was upregulated in osteoarthritis cartilage and cells. MiR-512-3p expression was downregulated in osteoarthritis cartilage. AFAP1-AS1 overexpression inhibited miR-512-3p expression in chondrocytes. Furthermore, AFAP1-AS1 over-expression promoted chondrocyte proliferation, and miR-512-3p mimic inhibited chondrocyte proliferation in vivo. AFAP1-AS1 overexpression reduced type II and type IV collagen expression, while miR-512-3p overexpression promoted type II and type IV collagen in vivo. AFAP1-AS1 overexpression enhanced MMP-13 expression in vivo. AFAP1-AS1 overexpression regulated chondrocyte proliferation by inhibiting miR-512-3p expression in vivo. AFAP1-AS1 could be a potential target to treat osteoarthritis by inhibiting miR-512-3p and subsequently inducing chondrocyte proliferation and regulating matrix synthesis.
A national survey to map IPE in Ireland

ABSTRACT Interprofessional education (IPE) in Ireland is at an early stage. Currently, there is no data to reflect the amount and type of IPE occurring across the Island of Ireland. To support IPE implementation, data is needed on existing IPE which will identify gaps and foundations on which to build. We designed a cross-sectional, online, anonymous survey to map geographical IPE locations, IPE setting, and type of IPE offered. Results were analyzed by exporting raw data to Microsoft Excel. The survey was completed by 21 participants. Over half of participants (n = 12) came from two professions: physiotherapy and speech and language therapy. Participants were from 4 counties (from a potential 32): Cork, Dublin, Galway, and Limerick. There were twice as many university educator participants (n = 14) as compared to clinical educators (n = 7). Shared modules and guest lectures from other professions were frequent methods of shared learning. At university level the most frequent IPE activity was interprofessional problem-based learning/case study. At clinical sites students interact with a range of qualified professionals and have limited opportunities to work with students from other professions. This may impact the range of collaborative work skills developed and thus readiness for workforce entry.
Use of Labor Neuraxial Analgesia for Vaginal Delivery and Severe Maternal Morbidity

Key Points Question Is use of labor neuraxial analgesia for vaginal delivery associated with decreased risk of severe maternal morbidity? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 575 524 women with vaginal delivery in New York hospitals from 2010 to 2017, use of neuraxial analgesia was associated with a 14% decrease in risk of severe maternal morbidity. Meaning Increasing the access to and utilization of labor neuraxial analgesia may help reduce severe maternal morbidity and improve maternal health outcomes.
High resolution melt curve analysis identifies a novel SNP (G21A) in butyrophilin gene having significant association with milk production traits in Holstein Friesian crossbreds of Kerala

Abstract Butyrophilin (BTN1A1) gene is located in the neighborhood of a quantitative trait loci for milk production in bovine autosome 23. We verified the genetic variability of exon-3 in BTN1A1 and its association with milk production traits in Holstein Friesian crossbreds of Kerala. Genomic DNA was isolated and 94 bp fragment enclosing exon-3 was amplified by primers designed using PRIMER 3 based on reference sequence (GenBank NC_037350). Pooled amplicons were sequenced by Sanger’s method and a novel single nucleotide polymorphism due to a transversion of guanine to adenine at position 21 of amplicon (G21A) leading to amino acid change arginine to glutamine was detected. The study population was genotyped by high-resolution melt curve analysis and revealed two genotypes with frequencies GG/0.84 and GA/0.14. The allele G was found to be the major one (G/0.93 and A/0.07). Moreover, association analysis of G21A with milk production traits was done using the General linear model-Analysis of Variance considering herd, season, and parity as non-genetic factors and milk production trait as a dependent variable. In analysis, animals with GA genotype were found to be having significantly higher (p ≤ 0.01) 305 day milk (GG:2720.74 ± 122.92 kg; GA:3250.20 ± 183.24 kg), fat (GG:106.55 ± 4.32 kg; GA:126.30 ± 13.35 kg), and SNF yield (GG: 211.52 ± 9.20 kg; GA: 246.90 ± 13.70 kg). However, GG (7.80 ± 0.04) genotype has significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) SNF percent than GA (7.65 ± 0.07). Butyrophilin gene polymorphism G21A can be suggested as a molecular marker for future breeding programmes of cattle.
Optimal Current Value Estimation for an Automotive Magneto Rheological (MR) Fluid Damper Actuation

In this paper, a finite element analysis of a Magneto Rheological (MR) damper is carried over. A finite element model was constructed to analyse and examine the MR damper. The optimal current value for achieving the required damping force is found out. The results of the work can be used to develop more efficient and reliable MR damper, thereby reducing the time involved in prototyping the product.
Attitudes of Filipino health profession students toward interprofessional education: a descriptive study

ABSTRACT The thrust of interprofessional education is to prepare health professions students to deliberately learn and work together with a common goal of providing better and safer care for service users. This study sought to describe the attitudes of health profession students toward interprofessional education and to identify which among the variables (i.e., sex, programme, year level, prior clinical and interprofessional education experiences, and level of moral development) are determinants of their attitudes toward interprofessional education. A total of 485 participants were surveyed using a validated, three-part Interprofessional Education-Attitude Scale (IPE-AS). No statistically significant difference was found between the attitudes toward interprofessional education and variables such as sex, prior clinical and interprofessional education experiences among medical, nursing, and pharmacy students. Our findings found that those with more agreeable attitudes toward interprofessional education were students in the medical programme, those from the lower year levels and those with higher stages of morality (based on Kohlberg’s stages of moral development). This suggests that IPE must be introduced across health science curricula with an intentional profiling of students about their experiences related to learning and working with students from different programmes. Moral development, as a variable in the study, also provides information as to how it can improve IPE programmes, competencies, and experiences of students in the fields of health sciences.
Drivers and forecasts of multiple waves of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A systematic analysis based on an interpretable machine learning framework

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has become a global pandemic and continues to prevail with multiple rebound waves in many countries. The driving factors for the spread of COVID‐19 and their quantitative contributions, especially to rebound waves, are not well studied. Multidimensional time‐series data, including policy, travel, medical, socioeconomic, environmental, mutant and vaccine‐related data, were collected from 39 countries up to 30 June 2021, and an interpretable machine learning framework (XGBoost model with Shapley Additive explanation interpretation) was used to systematically analyze the effect of multiple factors on the spread of COVID‐19, using the daily effective reproduction number as an indicator. Based on a model of the pre‐vaccine era, policy‐related factors were shown to be the main drivers of the spread of COVID‐19, with a contribution of 60.81%. In the post‐vaccine era, the contribution of policy‐related factors decreased to 28.34%, accompanied by an increase in the contribution of travel‐related factors, such as domestic flights, and contributions emerged for mutant‐related (16.49%) and vaccine‐related (7.06%) factors. For single‐peak countries, the dominant ones were policy‐related factors during both the rising and fading stages, with overall contributions of 33.7% and 37.7%, respectively. For double‐peak countries, factors from the rebound stage contributed 45.8% and policy‐related factors showed the greatest contribution in both the rebound (32.6%) and fading (25.0%) stages. For multiple‐peak countries, the Delta variant, domestic flights (current month) and the daily vaccination population are the three greatest contributors (8.12%, 7.59% and 7.26%, respectively). Forecasting models to predict the rebound risk were built based on these findings, with accuracies of 0.78 and 0.81 for the pre‐ and post‐vaccine eras, respectively. These findings quantitatively demonstrate the systematic drivers of the spread of COVID‐19, and the framework proposed in this study will facilitate the targeted prevention and control of the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic.
Extensive pollinator sharing does not promote character displacement in two orchid congeners

Pollinator sharing between close relatives can be costly and can promote pollination niche partitioning and floral divergence. This should be reflected by a higher species divergence in sympatry than in allopatry. We tested this hypothesis in two orchid congeners with overlapping distributions and flowering times. We characterized floral traits and pollination niches and quantified pollen limitation in 15 pure and mixed populations, and we measured phenotypic selection on floral traits and performed controlled crosses in one mixed site. Most floral traits differed between species, yet pollinator sharing was extensive. Only the timing of scent emission diverged more in mixed sites than in pure sites, and this was not mirrored by the timing of pollinator visitation. We did not detect divergent selection on floral traits. Seed production was pollen limited in most populations but not more severely in mixed sites than in pure sites. Interspecific crosses produced the same or a higher proportion of viable seeds than intraspecific crosses. The two orchid species attract the same pollinator species despite showing divergent floral traits. However, this does not promote character displacement, implying a low cost of pollinator sharing. Our results highlight the importance of characterizing both traits and ecological niches in character displacement studies.
Learning Transferable Concepts in Deep Reinforcement Learning

While humans and animals learn incrementally during their lifetimes and exploit their experience to solve new tasks, standard deep reinforcement learning methods specialize to solve only one task at a time. As a result, the information they acquire is hardly reusable in new situations. Here, we introduce a new perspective on the problem of leveraging prior knowledge to solve future tasks. We show that learning discrete representations of sensory inputs can provide a high-level abstraction that is common across multiple tasks, thus facilitating the transference of information. In particular, we show that it is possible to learn such representations by self-supervision, following an information theoretic approach. Our method is able to learn concepts in locomotive and optimal control tasks that increase the sample efficiency in both known and unknown tasks, opening a new path to endow artificial agents with generalization abilities.
Statistical and Spatio-temporal Hand Gesture Features for Sign Language Recognition using the Leap Motion Sensor

In modern society, people should not be identified based on their disability, rather, it is environments that can disable people with impairments. Improvements to automatic Sign Language Recognition (SLR) will lead to more enabling environments via digital technology. Many state-of-the-art approaches to SLR focus on the classification of static hand gestures, but communication is a temporal activity, which is reflected by many of the dynamic gestures present. Given this, temporal information during the delivery of a gesture is not often considered within SLR. The experiments in this work consider the problem of SL gesture recognition regarding how dynamic gestures change during their delivery, and this study aims to explore how single types of features as well as mixed features affect the classification ability of a machine learning model. 18 common gestures recorded via a Leap Motion Controller sensor provide a complex classification problem. Two sets of features are extracted from a 0.6 second time window, statistical descriptors and spatio-temporal attributes. Features from each set are compared by their ANOVA F-Scores and p-values, arranged into bins grown by 10 features per step to a limit of the 250 highest-ranked features. Results show that the best statistical model selected 240 features and scored 85.96% accuracy, the best spatio-temporal model selected 230 features and scored 80.98%, and the best mixed-feature model selected 240 features from each set leading to a classification accuracy of 86.75%. When all three sets of results are compared (146 individual machine learning models), the overall distribution shows that the minimum results are increased when inputs are any number of mixed features compared to any number of either of the two single sets of features.