Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Aggression on the Traumatic Dental Injury among School Children (11-12 Years Old) in Baghdad City, Iraq

Background: Schools provide an effective forum to enhance general as well as oral health awareness among children. The unsafe situation negatively influences on the psychology of the children and increase their aggression behavior. This aggression behavior increases the probability of traumatic dental injuries. Aim of study: This study was conducted among (11-12) year’s old primary schoolchildren in Baghdad city in order to estimate impact of aggression on traumatic dental injuries. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. The study was carried out in the Baghdad city among private (574) and public (1026) primary schools. The aggression behavior adopted from Orpinas et al. and dental trauma were assessed according to Ellis classification. Results: The aggression behaviors were more in males than in females, as well as higher percentage recorded in public schools than in private schools. The traumatic dental injuries were highly associated with males. Simple enamel fracture was the most common type of injury. Discussion: Males showed significant higher aggressive score than females, for each type of studied aggressive behavior. This may due to biological factors; girls' frontal lobes develop earlier than boys, allowing them to self-restrain. It is in agreement with Italian study found that boys obtained higher aggression score than female. This study shows significant differences in the occurrence of traumatic dental injuries between genders, males were more affected with traumatic dental injuries than females had. The present survey is in agreement with these studies as it reported higher prevalence of males than females. This may due to males frequently engage in contact sports and intense/competitive activities, which increase the risk for accidents. Conclusion: Regarding gender, males were more affected with aggression behavior and traumatic dental injuries than females.
Risk Stratification and Early Pharmacological Intervention

Background Microalbuminuria, i.e. slightly elevated urinary albumin excretion, is associated with increased cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular morbidity in the general population. Microalbuminuria has been proposed to indicate increased endothelial permeability. Unknown are the mechanisms underlying this increased vascular permeability. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor, increases endothelial permeability. We hypothesised that plasma VEGF-levels may be associated with microalbuminuria in a large sample of the general population. Methods Out of a large sample of the general population, we studied 189 control subjects (urinary albumin excretion (UAE): 0-30mg/24 hours), and 194 microalbuminuric subjects (UAE: 30-300mg/24 hours), matched for age, sex and the presence of ischemia on the electrocardiogram. Results Subjects with microalbuminuria had significant higher plasma levels of VEGF (p<0.05). The correlation between plasma levels of VEGF and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose, diabetes and body mass index were statistically significant. Using logistic regression analysis, microalbuminuria was significantly associated with VEGF (odds ratio 1.62; confidence interval 95%: 1.15-2.27; p<0.01). This association was dependent on cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion This study suggests a relation between increased plasma VEGF-levels and subsequent occurrence of microalbuminuria. CHAPTER ONE 16 ProefschriftFolkert25-11-04.qxd 25-11-2004 12:41 Pagina 16
The interaction of physical and biological factors drives phytoplankton spatial distribution in the northern California Current

Transitions in phytoplankton community composition are typically attributed to ecological succession even in physically dynamic upwelling systems like the California Current Ecosystem (CCE). An expected succession from a high‐chlorophyll (~ 10 μg L−1) diatom‐dominated assemblage to a low‐chlorophyll (< 1.0 μg L−1) non‐diatom dominated assemblage was observed during a 2013 summer upwelling event in the CCE. Using an interdisciplinary field‐based space‐for‐time approach leveraging both biogeochemical rate measurements and metatranscriptomics, we suggest that this successional pattern was driven primarily by physical processes. An annually recurring mesoscale eddy‐like feature transported significant quantities of high‐phytoplankton‐biomass coastal water offshore. Chlorophyll was diluted during transport, but diatom contributions to phytoplankton biomass and activity (49–62% observed) did not decline to the extent predicted by dilution (18–24% predicted). Under the space‐for‐time assumption, these trends infer diatom biomass and activity and were stimulated during transport. This is hypothesized to result from decreased contact rates with mortality agents (e.g., viruses) and release from nutrient limitation (confirmed by rate data nearshore), as predicted by the Disturbance‐Recovery hypothesis of phytoplankton bloom formation. Thus, the end point taxonomic composition and activity of the phytoplankton assemblage being transported by the eddy‐like feature were driven by physical processes (mixing) affecting physiological (release from nutrient limitation, increased growth) and ecological (reduced mortality) factors that favored the persistence of the nearshore diatoms during transit. The observed connection between high‐diatom‐biomass coastal waters and non‐diatom‐dominated offshore waters supports the proposed mechanisms for this recurring eddy‐like feature moving seed populations of coastal phytoplankton offshore and thereby sustaining their activity.
(Un)Willingness to Communicate in English among Korean Study Abroad Students in the Philippines

Internationalization has prompted schools to send out students in study-abroad programs. Many inbound international students come to the Philippines often to learn the English language at lower tuition costs, lower costs of living, and well-trained teachers. Among Koreans, many feel strongly motivated to learn English, yet many remain unwilling to communicate in real-life situations. The researchers explore the notion of (un)willingness to communicate among ten Korean EFL learners in study abroad programs in Manila. Findings from an indepth focus group discussion support previous studies within the Korean social context, in that the participants generally exhibit unwilling-to-communicate tendencies. Three themes that explain this phenomenon were identified: communicative situation’s level of formality, learners’ intercultural sensitivity, and their subject matter anxiety. Both level of formality and subject matter anxiety support willingness to communicate (WTC) as a situationally-dependent construct. However, intercultural sensitivity seemed to be a mixture of intercultural complex (IC) and L1 audience sensitivity (L1AS) previously found among learners within the Korean school system. It could then be that, as a factor of WTC in a study abroad context, intercultural sensitivity involves a knowledge of ‘Non-Korean world’, i.e., the Filipino language learning context, and an intense awareness of the inequalities perceived between Koreans and their Non-Korean audience. Results may assist communication coaches, international programs staff, and language teachers in minimizing the ‘generalized baggage’ that Korean learners carry around and bring with them when communicating in a foreign language.
Topology Optimization of Ferromagnetic Components in Electrical Machines

This article presents the topology optimization of ferromagnetic components in electrical machines by using the density method. Explicit expressions of machine performance based on the principle of electromechanical energy conversion are derived and incorporated in the finite element model. Because the gradient-based algorithm is employed for efficient optimization, the performance sensitivities with respect to the design variables are derived subsequently. An optimization framework is then proposed to optimize effectively the electrical machine parameters and performance, such as the flux linkage, back electromotive force, and torque profile including the torque density and torque ripples. Two design examples are reported to confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the presented topology optimization approach. The accuracy of optimal solutions is verified by using ANSYS MAXWELL, a commercial field analysis software.
Bends in magnetophoretic conductors

The controlled transport of individual particles and single cells to addressable compartments is a fundamental aim in the emerging fields of lab-on-a-chip and single cell biology. Toward this goal, magnetophoretic circuits, by providing precise control over individual particles in a highly parallel manner, have shown to be a unique competitor for the rivals in the field. In these matter transport platforms, magnetic thin films provide a predefined trajectory for the magnetic microbeads and magnetically labeled cells toward the desired spots. These magnetic paths, called magnetophoretic conductors, are usually placed in horizontal or vertical directions in a circuit; however, we have made no prior attempts to optimize the design of the junctions and the bends in the conductors. Here, we provide an optimization analysis of the bends based on variation in the particle’s size. Considering the achieved results, we designed multiple bends with high performance in transporting magnetized particles and cells. Applying these designs to the magnetophoretic circuits results in a robust, multiplexed platform capable of manipulating microbeads and single cells with important applications in biology, immunology, and drug screening.The controlled transport of individual particles and single cells to addressable compartments is a fundamental aim in the emerging fields of lab-on-a-chip and single cell biology. Toward this goal, magnetophoretic circuits, by providing precise control over individual particles in a highly parallel manner, have shown to be a unique competitor for the rivals in the field. In these matter transport platforms, magnetic thin films provide a predefined trajectory for the magnetic microbeads and magnetically labeled cells toward the desired spots. These magnetic paths, called magnetophoretic conductors, are usually placed in horizontal or vertical directions in a circuit; however, we have made no prior attempts to optimize the design of the junctions and the bends in the conductors. Here, we provide an optimization analysis of the bends based on variation in the particle’s size. Considering the achieved results, we designed multiple bends with high performance in transporting magnetized particles and cells. App.
Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Modeling of Anesthetic Xe Separation From Exhale Gas Mixtures Using Metal Organic Frameworks

Xe'nin anestezi uygulamalarinda kullanilabilecegi literaturdeki calismalarda gosterilmistir. Fakat, yuksek maaliyeti Xe’nin klinik uygulamalarda kullanimini engellemektedir. Buna cozum uretebilecek bir yaklasim olarak, Xe’nin solunum yoluyla verilen anestezik gaz karisimindan geri kazanilmasi ve solunan gaz akimina geri beslenmesi onerilmistir. Anestetik Xe'nin geri kazanilmasi icin bircok membran ve/veya adsorban onerilmis olsa da, anestezik Xe’nin metal organik kafes yapilar (MOF) kullanilarak geri kazanilmasi yeni calisilmaya baslanan bir konudur. MOF'larin gaz ayirma uygulamalarinda kullanilmalarina olanak veren ozellikleri ayarlanabilir gozenek boyutlarina, genis yuzey alanlarina ve yuksek gozenekli yapiya sahip olmalaridir. Literaturde MOF’larin anestezik Xe gazini geri kazanim performanslari hakkinda sinirli sayida calisma vardir. Calismamizda CECYOY, SUDBOI, and ZUQPOQ isimli MOF’larin tek bilesenli ve ikili CO 2 , Xe ve N 2 karisimlarini adsorpsiyon bazli ayirma performanslari incelenmistir. Gazlarin tekli ve karisim halindeki adsorpsiyon izotermleri ve adsorpsiyon secicilikleri her bir MOF icin Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulasyonlari kullanilarak hesaplanmistir. Sonuclar, MOF'larda CO 2 /Xe karisimi icin CO 2 adsorpsiyonunun tercih edildigini, Xe adsorpsiyonunun ise Xe/N 2 karisimi durumunda tercih edildigini gostermistir. SUDBOI, CO 2 /Xe karisimi icin yuksek CO 2 adsorpsiyon seciciligi gosterirken, ZUQPOQ, Xe/N 2 karisimi icin en yuksek Xe adsorpsiyon seciciligine sahiptir.
Optimizing Urban Infrastructure Resilience Under Precipitation and Population Growth Uncertainties

Increased urbanization, infrastructure degradation, and climate change threaten to overwhelm stromwater systems across the nation, rendering them ineffective. Green Infrastructure (GI) practices are low cost, low regret strategies that can contribute to urban runoff management. However, questions remain as to how to best distribute GI practices through urban watersheds given the precipitation uncertainty and the hydrological responses to them. First, we develop a two-stage stochastic robust programming model to determine the optimal placement of GI practices across a set of candidate locations in a watershed to minimize the total expected runoff under medium-term precipitation uncertainties. We develop a systemic approach to downscale the existing daily precipitation projections into hourly units and efficiently estimate the corresponding hydrological responses. We conduct a case study for an urban watershed in a mid-sized city in the U.S., perform sensitivity analyses and provide insights. Second, we develop a mathematical model to optimally place GI practices when (re-)designing an urban area, subject to uncertainties in population growth and future precipitation. Specifically, we develop a finite-horizon Markov decision process model to determine the extent to which GI practices need to be incorporated in different parts of a given urban area to maximize their benefits, considering the dynamic changes in population density and precipitation. We conduct a case study, perform sensitivity analyses and provide insights. Finally, we consider a problem of scheduling maintenance crew following a storm event to efficiently maintain GI practices across a watershed to mitigate surface runoff due to future events. Specifically, we investigate a condition for which the polyhedron of the flow shop scheduling problem is integer-optimal. This condition is used to construct a column generation algorithm to solve the problem to optimality. The solution approach is boosted with a heuristic that sequentially solves a series of linear programming models to generate a quality initial solution. The solution approach is also integrated with a commercial solver, which results in significant computational savings. Computational experiments show that the developed algorithm can efficiently solve test problems to near-optimality.
Integrated Approach to Correcting the High-Bar Back Squat From “Excessive Forward Leaning”

ABSTRACT THE HIGH-BAR BACK SQUAT IS OFTEN CONSIDERED A CORNERSTONE IN AN ATHLETE'S PHYSICAL TRAINING PROGRAM BECAUSE OF ITS CAPACITY TO ENHANCE LOWER-BODY STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT. HOWEVER, MOVEMENT COMPENSATIONS ARE COMMON WITH MANY EXHIBITING AN “EXCESSIVE FORWARD LEAN” DURING THEIR TECHNIQUE. THIS ARTICLE AIMS TO OUTLINE THE POTENTIAL REASONS FOR THIS COMPENSATION. FURTHERMORE, POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS THAT COACHES COULD CONSIDER TO ADDRESS EXCESSIVE FORWARD LEAN AND OPTIMIZE HIGH-BAR BACK SQUAT TECHNIQUE HAVE BEEN OFFERED.
Misoprostol for Induction of Labor: A Review

Induction of labor is widely used across the globe in cases where continuing pregnancy is unsafe for the mother and/or her fetus. Numerous techniques are available for induction of labor. Use of misoprostol appears one of the effective methods of cervical ripening and labor induction. The effectiveness and safety of misoprostol administered vaginally or orally for labor induction have been reviewed in the present paper. Since the use of misoprostol can have maternal and perinatal implications, it is important to review the effectiveness of misoprostol in cervical priming and induction of labor. This paper reviews the effectiveness and safety of misoprostol administered orally, sublingually and vaginally for induction of labor.
Too old to Shop? A Comparative Analysis of the Engagement of Junior and Senior Customers in Social Commerce

With the continuous success of social media websites also social commerce rises in popularity. As increasing numbers of elderly consumers use social media, it is interesting to understand how elderly consumers engage in social commerce platforms. This study examines how different dimensions of customer engagement influence trust with young and older consumers. A survey was conducted to collect data from American consumers. Our results show that perceived enjoyment, satisfaction, and social commerce value have significant effects on consumers’ trust. Further, there are important differences regarding the respective effects between younger and older consumers. Our study contributes to the literature by clarifying the effect of customer engagement on trust in social commerce between young and elderly consumers. Our results can provide practitioners important guidelines regarding how to support consumers’ trust development in social commerce.
Assessment of reduced-order modeling strategies for convective heat transfer

Abstract An assessment of physics-based and data-driven reduced-order models (ROMs) is presented for the study of convective heat transfer in a rectangular cavity. Despite the simple geometrical configuration, the current setup offers increasingly rich dynamics as the thermal forcing is increased, thus making it a suitable candidate to evaluate the performance of ROMs. First, flow simulations are performed using a high-order spectral element method that will feed the ROMs with well-resolved temporal and spatial information. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is applied to reduce the problem dimensionality for all models. The class of tested physics-based models include the Galerkin and least-squares Petrov–Galerkin (LSPG) methods that rely on projection of the Navier–Stokes and energy equations being solved. On the other hand, the data-driven methods applied in this work rely on regression of the governing equations, which are treated as a nonlinear dynamical system. The data-driven methods tested here include the sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy) approach and a method recently proposed in literature based on deep neural networks (DNNs). All ROMs are able to represent the periodical temporal dynamics of a low Rayleigh number flow. However, the physics-based approaches demonstrate a better performance for a moderate Rayleigh number case with more complex flow dynamics, when several frequencies are excited in a non-periodical fashion.
Aetilogical evaluation of mental retardation in brazilian patients

INTRODUCTION: Mental retardation is present in approximately 2-3 % of the population. Clinical geneticists are frequently asked to evaluate children with development delay or mental retardation. Identifying the cause of the mental retardation will benefit individuals and families, answering questions about management, prognosis, recurrence risks and prevention. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A genetic diagnostic survey in a population of 260 mentally retarded institutionalized patients in the South of Brazil is presented. RESULTS: The patients had a male:female ratio of 1.3:1 and their ages varied from 1 month to 47 years with a mean of 5 years and one month. Using personal and family data, careful clinical examination and laboratory investigation, the authors established a definitive diagnosis in 171 patients (65.76%). A constitutional disorder was present in 147 patients (56.53%). CONCLUSION: Down syndrome patients represented 32.30% and 3,84% had other chromosomal anomalies, including microdeletion syndromes. In 32 patients (12.30%) a mendelian inheritance disorder was diagnosed. In eleven patients (4.23%) a MCA/MR syndrome was recorded. Ten patients (3.84%) presented a CNS malformation. An acquired condition was observed in 26 patients (10%), representing 7.69 % of CNS dysfunction, 2.3% of preor postnatal infection and 0.4% of postnatally acquired conditions other than infections. In the remaining 87 patients (34.46%) a conclusive diagnosis was not possible.
Validation of the Serbian version of the Asthma Control Test

Background/Aim. Asthma still remains poorly controlled in the majority of patients. The Asthma Control Test (ACT) is a short and useful patient-administered questionnaire for identification of patients with poor asthma control in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to validate a Serbian version of the ACT in the adults with asthma. Methods. A total of 250 consecutive adult asthmatic patients were recruited in a prospective observational study. The exclusion criteria were chronic respiratory disease and acute respiratory tract infection in preceding 4 weeks. Results. The spirometry and ACT questionnaire were performed on the baseline visit and 6 months later. The ACT test was completed by 98.8% of patients with the mean time of completion of 4.5 minutes. The correlation of ACT score and lung function parameters (forced expiratory volume in 1 second ? FEV1 and forced vital capacity ? FVC) was significant (p = 0.016 and p = 0.002, respectively). A change in the ACT scores between baseline and 6- months visit was not associated with a change in FVC and FEV1. The ACT score had excellent diagnostic accuracy according to the physicians asthma control classification and even outstanding accuracy according to the patients? classification. Conclusion. The results of this study confirm the reliability, validity and accuracy of Serbian version of the ACT, contributing to established value of original ACT test and with consistent findings as the previously reported validity of ACT in other languages. Therefore, it should be utilized more in everyday clinical practice as a useful and reliable tool of asthma control assessment.
Family influences on the use of e-cigarettes

ABSTRACT E-cigarette use among adolescents continues to rise. However, little research has examined factors that influence adolescent e-cigarette use. The goal of the current study was to better understand family influences (i.e., perceptions of parental attitudes and sibling use) of e-cigarette use and determine how these influences on e-cigarette use compared to their influence on other substances (i.e., alcohol, traditional tobacco, and marijuana). A sample of 279 9th to 12th graders completed surveys, and results indicated that adolescents perceive that their parents feel that e-cigarettes are less wrong than traditional tobacco use and similarly wrong to marijuana use. Siblings used traditional tobacco at a higher rate than e-cigarettes and marijuana, which siblings have used at similar rates. Alcohol was perceived to be the substance that parents felt was least wrong to use and the most used substance by siblings. Perceptions of parental attitudes toward substances were related to adolescent use of all substances. Sibling use was positively associated with traditional tobacco, e-cigarette, and marijuana use, but not alcohol use. Thus, it appears that adolescent e-cigarette use is influenced by both parental attitudes and sibling use.