Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Qualitative behavior and exact travelling nonlinear wave solutions of the KDV equation

Most phenomena in the scientific field and other domains can be described and classified as nonlinear diffusion equation which normally results from natural phenomena that appear in our daily lives such as water waves at the beach caused by wind or tides, the movement of a ship, or by raindrops; the same applies to other physical and mathematical phenomena. In this study, we tried to find a solution to this kind of equations. IN CHAPTER ONE, we gave brief history of the beginning of the study of waves and we talked about some famous scientists who were interested in this field. IN CHAPTER TWO, we highlighted the diversity and classification of equations in terms of: Linear, Non-linear, Dispersive and Non-dispersive. IN CHAPTER THREE, we introduced the Painlevé method and we applied it into the KdV and modified KdV equations, and in addition to that, we were able to find analytic solutions for these equations. IN CHAPTERS FOUR AND FIVE, we showed several methods of scheme difference, we focused our study on the non-linear term of the KdV equation. IN CHAPTER SIX, we gave some examples of the scheme difference methods and we applied them by Matlab programs. Moreover, our work is supported by pictures and figures. CHAPTER SEVEN shows the future works, we enhanced the work by Appendix.
Needs Assessment to Develop Online Counseling Program

Undergraduate students are always faced with diverse mental health problems. Nowadays, they can easily access online counseling services to reduce their problems. This research determines the most desired component to develop the online counseling program which aims 1) to study the needs to develop an online counseling program, 2) to compare the needs to develop this program by categorizing with gender, year, academic program, and grade point average (GPA), and 3) to rank the priority needs for developing this program. Participants were 416 undergraduate students who studied in Mahasarakham University and were selected by stratified random sampling. The research instrument was the needs assessment questionnaire to develop this program. The data were analyzed using percentage (%), mean (M), standard deviation (S.D.), independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and modified priority needs index (PNIModified). The results revealed that: 1) the mean of actual condition was at a high level (M = 3.76, S.D. = 0.59) and the mean of the desired condition was at the highest level (M =4.50, S.D.= 0.56) with the significant difference at 0.05 level in all four domains. 2) Undergraduate students from different academic programs exhibited the marked different means of needs for the online counseling program. The scores on actual conditions among students of Mahasarakham Business School were higher than students from others. 3) Students showed the highest priority needs on characteristics of counselor and online application for counseling (PNIModified = 0.203). They showed that the secondary needs on characteristics of online counselee (PNIModified = 0.192) and therapeutic relationship after online counseling (PNIModified = 0.177).
Two-phase Flow Behaviour in Airlift Pumps

Airlift pumps use buoyant forces to displace liquid in vertical pipes. In this paper, the performance of a new design of airlift pump has been investigated. This new design uses both axial and radial injectors to improve the pump performance. The behaviour of two-phase flow under different operating conditions of the pump is discussed. These include the effect of submergence ratio, air flow rate and void fraction on the pump efficiency. Flow visualization images are used to describe the two-phase flow patterns and their effect on the pump performance. It was clear from the present experiments that the pump operating at higher submergence ratios found to deliver higher water flow rates and better efficiencies. The void fraction was found to increase throughout the different flow patterns observed in the pipe riser while the water flow rate remained approximately constant.
Synthesis and characterization of novel organosoluble biosourced poly(ester imide)s based on 1,4:3,6 -dianhydrohexitols suited for adhesives applications

Abstract A new series of poly(ester imide)s were prepared from the polycondensation of isosorbide and a series of synthesized diacyl chloride monomers based on a reaction between 1,2,4-Benzenetricarboxylic anhydride (TMA) and various diamines. The structures of the resulting polymers were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 13C NMR spectra. Inherent viscosities and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) measurements proved the formation of high molecular weight poly(ester imide)s. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed deterioration temperature in the range of 221–400 °C indicating a good thermal stability. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements revealed high glass transition temperature in the range of 67–185 °C. Wide angle X-ray diffraction measurements showed that the studied poly(ester imide)s were semi-crystalline. Most of the synthesized poly(ester imide) exhibited a good adhesion ability and tensile strength values comparable to analogous polymers.
An Improved Microwave Extraction Method for Distillation of Essential Oil from Piper Betle L

: Botanically called as Piper Betel, Betel vine is a member of the pepper family “Piperaceae”. The heart shape green leaves of the betel vine are widely known as Paan in India. The leaves are credited with lot of medicinal values and used in therapies like treatment of bronchitis, prevention of oral diseases. Fresh betel leaves are hydro-distilled utilizing a modified microwave oven with Clevenger Apparatus for extraction of essential oil. The yield was improved by raising microwave power and elevating leaves to water ratio. The time required by MAHD method (90minutes) was less in comparison to HD method (210 minutes) for complete extraction as microwave heating involves flow of heat more efficiently. The chief components were investigated by Gas chromatography (GC) coupled with Mass spectroscopy (MS) analysis. The outcome indicated the presence of compounds which possess wide applications including as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and antifungal agents. placed inside the oven. The selected power levels 250W, 300W,400W and 500W initiated the extraction process for 90minutes until, further no extraction was done. For the leaves to water ratio (1:2, 1:3, 1:4), process was carried out for the above mentioned selected power. The entire sample is heated at higher rate through microwaves simultaneously. Excess water refluxed back to the extraction vessel for the restoration of water in plant material. After the collection of extracted oil, decantation of oil from the condensate is carried out. The removal of the moisture content present in the extracted essential oils was done by drying over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The oil was weighed and stored in vials until further analysis. The yield of oil is calculated by Extraction The oil sample undergoes GC-MS analysis for the identification of the compounds present in it. The chemical profile showed the major compounds occurred in first 60 minutes and plays a vital role in manufacture of perfumes. The compounds of betel oil are used as odorant in perfumery belonging to the derivative class of phenylpropene.
THE FOUNDING OF ARCETRI OBSERVATORY IN FLORENCE

The first idea of establishing a public astronomical observatory in Florence, Capital of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, dates to the mid of the 18th century. Initially, the use of a low building on a high ground was proposed, and the hill of Arcetri suggested as a proper location. At the end of the century, the Florence Observatory - or Specola - was built instead on a tower at the same level as the city's centre. As soon as astronomers started to use this observatory, they recognized all its flaws and struggled to search for a better location. Giovanni Battista Donati, director of the Specola of Florence from the eve of the Italian Unification in 1859, finally succeeded in creating a new observatory: first, he obtained funds from the Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy to build an equatorial mount for the Amici 28-cm refractor, which could not be installed conveniently in the tower of the Specola; then, he went through the process of selecting a proper site, seeking funds and finally building Arcetri Observatory. Although Donati was a pioneer of spectroscopy and astrophysics, his intent was to establish a modern observatory for classical astronomy, as the Italian peninsula did not have a national observatory like those located in many foreign capitals - Florence was the capital of the Kingdom of Italy from 1865 to 1871. To promote the project, Donati made use of writings by one of the most authoritative European astronomers, Otto Wilhelm Struve. The paper describes all these steps, eventually leading to the final inauguration of the Arcetri Observatory in 1872, almost 150 years ago.
Rational Design of Hydrogen-Donor Solvents for Direct Coal Liquefaction

Facing the challenge of processes in direct coal liquefaction (DCL), it is vital to develop optimal hydrogen-donor solvent (H-donor) to dramatically moderate coal liquefaction conditions. Here, we propose an approach for rational design of optimal H-donor candidates based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations combining reverse searching algorithm. First, the mechanism of hydrogen transfer from H-donor to coal radical was investigated by using common model compounds. DFT calculations show that the concerted hydrogen transfer route promoted by coal radicals is the dominant pathway. The C–H bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) show strong correlation with intrinsic reaction barriers and rate constants (in log scale), which allow us to define a cheap metric for comparing the hydrogen-donation ability of different H-donors. Then the framework for rational design of H-donor candidates is established to seek molecules with low C–H BDEs based on inverse molecular design strategy. In the searching procedu.
Controllable Growth of Monolayer MoS2 and MoSe2 Crystals Using Three-temperature-zone Furnace

Monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) have attracted a great attention for their exceptional electronic and optoelectronic properties among the two dimensional family. However, controllable synthesis of monolayer crystals with high quality needs to be improved urgently. Here we demonstrate a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of monolayer MoS2 and MoSe2 crystals using three-temperature-zone furnace. Systematical study of the effects of growth pressure, temperature and time on the thickness, morphology and grain size of crystals shows the good controllability. The photoluminescence (PL) characterizations indicate that the as-grown monolayer MoS2 and MoSe2 crystals possess excellent optical qualities with very small full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) of 96 me V and 57 me V, respectively. It is comparable to that of exfoliated monolayers and reveals their high crystal quality. It is promising that our strategy should be applicable for the growth of other transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) monolayer crystals.
Designing an automated complex based on a mini-CHP with recycling the flue gas to methanol

We developed a structure of the cogeneration plant (a four-generation plant), which, in addition to classic electrical and thermal energy, produces methanol and oxygen. A distinctive feature of the plant is that methanol production is based on the recycling of flue gas from a mini-CHP as a result of the catalytic technological process. Production of oxygen is an additional product during production of hydrogen required for the synthesis of methanol. Production of hydrogen and oxygen is carried out by the electrolysis of water. Electrical energy required for the electrolysis is supplied by a mini-CHP. We designed computer automation for all plants of the system that enable implementation of practically autonomous, unmanned operation of the system. Computer simulation of the system and study of the system's operation, executed in the environment of a universal software for technological modeling based on the physical and chemical balances, allowed us to calculate parameters of all product and energy flows, to confirm the feasibility of all employed chemical reactions and the alignment of the system's functioning as a whole with the expected results.
Catalytic study for methanol aromatization over hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite synthesized by kaolin

ABSTRACT Hierarchical and conventional ZSM-5 zeolites were synthesized through steam-assisted crystallization approach using acid-treatment kaolin clay as the silica and aluminium sources. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, NH3-TPD, N2-physisorption and TG techniques. The results showed that hierarchical ZSM-5 had rich mesopores and bigger specific surface. In conversion of methanol to aromatics, hierarchical and conventional ZSM-5 zeolites showed higher selectivity for aromatics compared with commercial ZSM-5. Under the conditions of 450 °C, 0.15 MPa, the synthesized hierarchical ZSM-5 showed longest lifetime of 380 h, which was 2 and 6 times than those of conventional and commercial ZSM-5, respectively.
Centimeter-Scale, Large-Area, Few-Layer 1T′-WTe2 Films by Chemical Vapor Deposition and Its Long-Term Stability in Ambient Condition

WTe2 shows unique properties different from sulfides and selenides. Large-area, uniform few-layer 1T′ phase WTe2 and long-term stability are essential for fundamental studies and applications of WTe2. Here, centimeter-scale, large-area, uniform few-layer 1T′-WTe2 films are prepared by a facile, low-temperature, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method and the long-term stability of such CVD-grown 1T′-WTe2 up to 30 days in ambient condition is studied for the first time. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy reveal the high quality of WTe2. The thickness of few-layer WTe2 can be well tuned, and thickness-dependent Raman spectra are observed. The electrical and quantum electronic transport properties are found to be highly influenced by air exposure with different exposure times under ambient condition. The conductivity decreases by about 10 times with exposure, whereas weak antilocation behavior is observed in both pristine and air-exposed samples for 30 days. Surface-oxidization-induced ma.
The effect of activated pure platelete rich plasma (P-PRP) on the proliferation of adipose -derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) as a substitute for fetal bovine serum (FBS)

The field of stem cells has attracted the attention of many researchers as a hope to treat many incurable diseases because of their ability of self-renewal and differentiation into a specific type of cells that compensates damaged cells. Many studies have been published to confirm their effectiveness but there are some obstacles that limit their clinical applications. One of these obstacles is xenogenic fetal bovine serum (FBS); the main proliferative source for stem cell culture with subsequent risk of infection transmission or immunogenic problems. So, in our study, we aimed to replace the xenogenic FBS with xeno-free blood derivative. We tested the effect of different concentrations of activated pure platelet rich plasma (P-PRP); one of the blood derivatives on proliferation of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) in comparison to FBS and found that 20% activated P-PRP followed by 10% activated P-PRP increased the proliferation rate of AD-MSCs more than 10% FBS.
Conversion of Levulinic Acid from Various Herbaceous Biomass Species Using Hydrochloric Acid and Effects of Particle Size and Delignification

Acid catalyzed hydrothermal conversion of levulinic acid (LA) from various herbaceous materials including rice straw (RS), corn stover (CS), sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB), and Miscanthus (MS) was evaluated. With 1 M HCl, 150 °C, 5 h, 20 g/L solid loading, the yields of LA from untreated RS, CS, SSB and MS based on the glucan content were 60.2, 75.1, 78.5 and 61.7 wt %, respectively. It was also found that the particle size had no significant effect on LA conversion yield with >3 h reaction time. With delignification using simulated green liquor (Na2CO3-Na2S, 20 wt % total titratable alkali (TTA), 40 wt % sulfidity) at 200 °C for 15 min, lignin removal was in the range of 64.8–91.2 wt %. Removal of both lignin and xylan during delignification increased the glucan contents from 33.0–44.3 of untreated biomass to 61.7–68.4 wt % of treated biomass. Delignified biomass resulted in much lower conversion yield (50.4–56.0 wt %) compared to 60.2–78.5 wt % of untreated biomass. Nonetheless, the concentration of LA in the product was enhanced by a factor of ~1.5 with delignification.
Novel electronic properties of 2D MoS2/TiO2 van der Waals heterostructure

Two different exchange-correlation functionals with van der Waals correction are employed to investigate the electronic properties of 2D MoS 2 / TiO 2 heterostructure with a special configuration of Moiré pattern. It is found that, for both PBE and HSE06 functional, the new van der Waals heterostructure that consists of monolayer MoS 2 and 2D lepidocrocite-type TiO 2 exhibits a type-II band alignment between the MoS 2 and TiO 2 layers, and the electronic structures of monolayer MoS 2 and 2D TiO 2 are well retained in their respective layers due to a weak interlaminar coupling, which indicates that the new heterostructure may have potential applications in many fields such as photocatalysis, photoelectric devices, solar cells, etc. Furthermore, a novel design scheme based on the new 2D MoS 2 / TiO 2 van der Waals heterostructure is proposed for a solar cell, and the corresponding power conversion efficiency is estimated to be about 8%.
Platinum(II) acetylide complexes with star- and V-shaped configurations possessing good trade-off between optical transparency and optical power limiting performance

By employing the central ligand with the desired structures, two series of Pt(II) acetylide complexes containing dimesitylborane (–B(Mes)2) and phenyl units as the terminal groups with star- and V-shaped configurations have been synthesized. Photophysical investigations have indicated that the –B(Mes)2 group can enhance triplet (T1) emission of the concerned Pt(II) acetylide molecules by enhancing the mixing of molecular orbitals from organic ligands and Pt(II) centers. The much higher T1 emission intensity associated with TEB-Pt-B, CAZ-Pt-B and TPA-Pt-B can render them much stronger optical power limiting (OPL) response than their counterparts, TEB-Pt-Ph, CAZ-Pt-Ph and TPA-Pt-Ph respectively, terminated with phenyl groups. In addition, OPL ability of TPA-Pt-B for 532 nm nanosecond laser pulse can even surpass that of state-of-the-art OPL material C60. In addition, most Pt(II) acetylide complexes show OPL figure of merit factor σex/σo higher than that of C60. Importantly, the star-shaped molecular configuration employed by the Pt(II) acetylide units has the advantage of introducing more Pt(II) centers to the molecular skeleton while maintaining optical transparency of the concerned Pt(II) acetylide complexes. So, this research can open a new outlet for fulfilling the optimized trade-off between OPL activity and optical transparency for OPL materials based on reverse saturable absorption (RSA) mechanism.
Time to ACT: Realizing Indonesia's Urban Potential

In over 70 years since its independence, Indonesia has been transformed by urbanization, and within the next quarter of a century, its transition to an urban society will be almost complete. While urbanization has produced considerable benefits for Indonesians, urbanization has the potential to deliver more prosperity, inclusiveness and livability. Time to ACT: Realizing Indonesia's Urban Potential explores the extent to which urbanization in Indonesia has delivered in terms of prosperity, inclusiveness, and livability, and the fundamental reforms that can help the country realize its urban potential. In doing so, the report introduces a new policy framework - the ACT framework - to guide policymaking. This framework emphasizes three policy principles - the need to Augment the provision and quality of infrastructure and basic services across urban and rural locations; the need to better Connect places and people with jobs and opportunities; and the need to Target lagging areas and marginalized groups through well-designed place-based policies, as well as thoughtful urban planning and design. Using this framework, the report provides policy recommendations differentiated by types of place, grounded in solid empirical evidence
What Explains Cross-Country Difference in Corporate Valuations? Growth Opportunities or Profitability?

We distinguish the valuation effects of growth opportunities and profits through a common lens, namely, corporate free cashflows (FCF) whose negative value means investments using external funds while positive value means internal funds available for payouts. The sign of FCF’s cross-sectional relation to firm value in a country (FCF beta) can show which one has a greater impact on country-wide corporate valuations. Using data from 43 countries for the period of 1992-2018, we show that firm values are higher in countries whose FCF beta is more negative—i.e., where externally funded corporate investments, not internally available corporate profits, are valued higher. The role of growth opportunities in country-wide valuations is more pronounced among growth firms. In contrast, mature firms are representative of the valuation of the global industry to which they belong, not their country. Finally, the FCF beta is more negative in common law countries than in civil law countries, suggesting that growth-supporting governance is more value-relevant than payout-securing governance at least at the country level.
Theoretical study of the slow light in the assembly of helium atoms

Effects caused by the quantum-mechanical coherence and interference of states have been extensively studied over the past few decades. Electromagnetically induced transparency give rise to a new direction of research, which deals with the fact that an anomalously strong dispersion of a weak beam in the field of a strong beam leads to a change in group velocity of weak beam photons. In the extreme case, this can lead to the stopping of low intensity photons, which in turn can lead to the creation of optical memory. The change in group velocity of a low intensity beam was discussed in the work of Harris et al. [1]. Later, this phenomenon was investigated in the papers of [2–4]. Among other works, in our opinion, special note should be made of the papers of Lukin [5, 6], where the author used the solution of the Heisenberg–Langevin equations for the density matrix in perturbation theory to analyze the dependence of the velocity on the parameters of the problem under consideration. In this paper, we will use both perturbation theory and numerical integration of differential equations to obtain expression for group velocity of radiation of a real atomic system. Similar methods of investigations were previously applied to the problem of influence of strong magnetic field on characteristics of emission of ensemble of helium atoms and the problem of possibility of lasering without inversion [7, 8]. The results of such an approximate calculation will be checked against similar results obtained by numerical integration of the Liouville–Maxwell partial differential equations.