Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FrogVLE Application in Science Teaching in Secondary Schools in North Malaysia: Teachers’ Perspective

The frogVLE application was launched in Malaysia to provide a virtual learning environment in order to produce competitive and relevant students in the 21st century. As science is one of the most important subjects for the development of a nation, the perspective of teachers as policy implementers should be taken into account in ensuring that the desire is achieved. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the level of application of frogVLE in secondary school science teaching in the northern peninsular of Malaysia. This qualitative study involved 50 secondary school science teachers in Perak, Kedah, Penang and Perlis. Each respondent was required to answer a questionnaire which consists of 20 questions. Five teachers were randomly interviewed by the researcher. The data were analyzed descriptively. The analysis results provide a real picture of how the frogVLE application is used in teaching, as well as the issues, challenges and suggestions for improvements in frogVLE while teaching secondary school science subjects. The findings from this study are expected to help the Ministry of Education to develop programs and improve the use of the frogVLE application in teaching science in secondary schools. In conclusion, a virtual learning environment such as the frogVLE application can only be used optimally to help improve science teaching excellence if the relevant issues are solved and supportis received from all parties.
Every day students in schools matter – reasons for not attending the school: evidence from advanced level students

The reason for students' absenteeism may vary across nations depending on country and cultural differences. Studies on student's absenteeism that have been investigated in the west are reflective of such cultural contexts and therefore, the finding can not be directly applied to another cultural context. There is a dearth of such studies in Asian and other similar developing countries. Consequently, the present study aims to discover factors determining students’ absenteeism in Sri Lanka. Strongly based on philosophical assumptions, the present study mainly employed a survey research strategy and data were primarily garnered from a self-administrated questionnaire. A total of 129 Advanced level students representing Arts and commerce streams were conveniently selected from five schools, namely KG/MW Baduriya Central College, KG/MW Zahira National School, KG/MW Mayurapada National School, KG/MW Nooraniya Muslim Vidhyalaya and KG/MW Mederigama Central College located Mawanella Zone in Sabaragamuwa province. The study revealed six factors determining students’ absenteeism, named student-preference, teacher and subject, physical and mental capabilities, non-collegiate, classroom facility and personal factors. Needless to say, the current study made several theoretical and practical implications.
Investigating and comparing operationalizations of first-generation students: Similarities and differences in the characteristics, experiences, and one-year persistence of students across multiple levels of parental education

First-generation students have received considerable attention though the definitions and operationalizations used vary. Prior studies used dichotomous groups, treating students whose parents had little or no college education as homogenous in terms of first-year experiences and persistence. This study sought to determine if the inconsistencies in how first-generation is defined and operationalized influence our understandings of these students and their success. Findings revealed that the inconsistencies in how first-generation is defined and operationalized limits our understanding of these students and their success. Having at least one parent who completed a bachelor’s degree is an important dividing line for successful first-year experiences and is the criteria that should be used to define firstgeneration students. The results of this study challenge conventional assumptions about the distribution of social and cultural capital across multiple levels of parental education as having a parent who has some experiences in college or a parent who completed a twoyear degree provides few benefits that translate into first-year experiences. Comparing students across multiple levels of parental education illustrated that operationalizing parental education as dichotomous masks important differences among students including the finding that students whose parents had the least education had the greatest number of interactions in characteristics that were associated with one-year persistence, and that students in the ‘middle’ groups—those that are excluded from firstgeneration status in some definitions—struggled the most in first-year experiences. First-generation students should be defined as those whose highest level of parental education is less than a bachelor’s degree. Using multiple parental education
Recent versus lifetime experiences of discrimination and the mental and physical health of older lesbian women and gay men

Abstract This study examines the potential health-related impact of recent versus lifetime experiences of sexual orientation discrimination among older Australian lesbian women and gay men. In a nationwide survey, a sample of 243 lesbian women and 513 gay men aged 60 years and over reported on their experiences of sexual orientation discrimination and their mental and physical health, including psychological distress, positive mental health and self-rated health. Among both lesbian women and gay men, recent discrimination uniquely predicted lower positive mental health after adjusting for experiences of discrimination across the lifetime and socio-demographic variables. In addition, recent discrimination uniquely predicted higher psychological distress among gay men. Experiences of discrimination over the lifetime further predicted higher psychological distress and poorer self-rated health among gay men after adjusting for recent experiences of discrimination and socio-demographic variables. However, there were no associations between lifetime discrimination and any of the outcome variables among lesbian women. Overall, recent and lifetime experiences of sexual orientation discrimination were related to mental and physical health in different ways, especially among the men. These findings have potential implications for policy/practice, and suggest that distinguishing between recent and lifetime experiences of discrimination may be useful when assessing potential health-related impacts of sexual orientation discrimination among older lesbian women and gay men, while also taking account of differences between these two groups.
The contribution of metacognitive in the inquiry-based learning to students’ thinking skill based on SOLO Taxonomy

Thinking skill based on SOLO (Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes) taxonomy and metacognitive are two variables on which many researches start to be conducted throughout the world and in Indonesia. That there is no investigation to study the contribution of metacognitive towards thinking skill base on SOLO taxonomy. This research aimed to examine the contribution of metacognitive toward students’ thinking skill based on SOLO taxonomy through inquiry-based learning implementation. This research was correlational research which connects an independent variable (Metacognitive) and a dependent variable (thinking skill). This research takes 104 students of XIMIA grade of SMA Negeri 01 Manokwari as its participants. The collected data were evaluated used rubric of metacognitive and thinking skill and analyzed by employing simple regression method. The results showed that P < 0.05, indicating that metacognitive contributes towards students’ thinking skill based on SOLO taxonomy for 51.5%. Based on findings related to student metacognitive, learning is more focused on teaching that can train students’ metacognitive by considering appropriate learning model, one of which is inquiry-based learning.
Exploring girls' perception on Computing careers via educational quiz-application

Background: Being one of the fields with highest prospect for development and opportunities, it is now time for females to grab these opportunities in Computing. In order to accomplish, the first priority is to increase females’ interest towards Computer Science from young age. While researchers have made attempts to assess and increase young females’ interest in Computing, they have failed to address the prospects of careers in Computing and why females should be interested in them. There is a lot of potential to influence preteen females’ choice of career through interactive technologies. Objective: This thesis explores the impact of an educational quiz application on its users’ perception towards Computing careers. The research aims to exhibit relevant research studies performed to address this research problem, and reveal results and discussion on the topic of educational applications and serious games. Additionally, the research focuses on designing and developing an application which aspires to increase preteen females’ interest in Computing careers. Method: The research method employed is design and creation where the developed artefact (the quiz application) is the produced outcome of the method. Additionally, to evaluate the application, an experimental research method has been implemented with the assistance of 76 participants. Result: The result includes the background of the research and the evaluation of the quiz application. The participants, professionals in the field of Computer Science, displayed positive attitude towards the quiz application and indicated the possibility in increasing preteen girls’ interest in Computing careers. Limitation: The application, developed as a proof-of-concept, is in its early development to strongly appeal to preteen girls. Subsequent changes in the application must be made and evaluated. Inability to evaluate the application with the focus group (preteen girls) gives rise to an unpredictable outcome in the future. Conclusion: The outcome of the research reveals opportunities for using educational applications and/or serious games to teach Computer Science concepts and eventually, increase female participation in Computing industry.
A snapshot look at replication and statistical reporting practices in psychology journals

ABSTRACT Current efforts started in 2012 by the Association for Psychological Science (APS) appear to be different from previous arguments against null hypothesis statistical testing (NHST), which remained largely rhetorical without specific actions for compliance by researchers in psychology. The APS advocacy involves specific promising implementation tactics. The present study examined the impact of those efforts on replication and statistical reporting practices in four psychology journals from 2011 and 2015. The results showed that amidst increased reporting of NHST statistics in 2015 compared to 2011 and an absence of power reporting in the behavioral journals, there was increased reporting of actual replications in Psychological Science, paradoxically surpassing Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, of CIs in all four journals, and of error bars on graphs in Cognition and Behavioural Processes. These trends suggest need for additional efforts at propagating the APS initiatives to ensure greater impact in the broader psychological community. Additionally, psychologists from all domains need to become advocates of best practices for sustainable impact.
The Social Costs of Sounding Gay: Voice-Based Impressions of Adoption Applicants

In three studies (total N = 239) we examined the unexplored question of whether voice conveying sexual orientation elicits stigma and discrimination in the context of adoption. Studies 1 and 2 were conducted in Italy where same-sex adoption is illegal and controversial. Study 3 was conducted in the United Kingdom where same-sex adoption is legal and generally more accepted. The three studies show that listeners draw strong inferences from voice when judging hypothetical adoption seekers. Both Italian and British listeners judged gay-sounding speakers as warmer and as having better parenting skills, yet Italian participants consistently preferred straight over gay-sounding applicants, whereas British participants showed an opposite tendency, presumably reflecting the different normative context in the two countries. We conclude that vocal cues may have culturally distinct effects on judgment and decision making and that people with gay-sounding voices may face discrimination in adoption procedures in countries with antigay norms.
An empirical comparison of back burners, hookups, and friends with benefits relationships in young adults

The current research locates back burners on the spectrum of human sexual and relational behavior by examining an array of dimensions that might highlight both similarities and differences between back burners and two other casual sexual relational experiences (CSREs), friends with benefits relationships and hookups. An experiment (N = 327) revealed that participants reported more sex with friends with benefits and hookups than with back burners. No differences emerged for friendship strength, relationship closeness, passion, commitment, frequency of communication, or willingness to self-disclose. Conceptual distinctions between these relationship types may be experimenter-created and not reflective of the fluidity of these definitions in young adults.
Does the Coach Leadership Behavior Mediates the Influence of Factors Affecting Coach Leadership Behavioral Styles on Team Success

The intension of this study is to conclude whether coach leadership behavior serves as a mediator amongst factors affecting said leader behavior and team success in sports. The sample for this was obtained from one hundred and sixty (n=160) athletes who participated in inter university games with special reference to Western Province Sri Lankan. Only team sports are considered and players from individual events are not considered under the current study. Coach leadership behavior was assessed through Revised Leadership Scale for Sports questionnaire (RLSS) and adopted questionnaires were utilized to measure the factors affecting it and the team success. General Linear model and Multiple Linear Regression were the methods used to analyze data. Validity and reliability of the questionnaires were measured through Correlation matrixes and Cronbach's alpha respectively. The results from the study confirm that coach leadership behavior acts as a mediator of the relationship between and factors affecting coach leadership style and team success signifying that factors affecting coach leader behavior may enhance coach behavior in the task of successful performance. Mediating effect was first tested through calculating path coefficients and further conducted the Sobel's test to validate the previous results.
Do Changes in TASER Use Policy Affect Police Officer Injury Rates?

The addition of TASERs as a less lethal use-of-force option for police officers has facilitated much discussion in recent scholarship. Many police agencies have responded with force policy changes specific to appropriate applications for these weapons. While the goal of these changes is often to minimize concern about injury to citizens, debate rests on whether injury rates for officers are influenced by such transitions in policy. The present study used officer injury panel data from the City of Dallas (Texas) Human Resources Department to assess the impact of a 2005 modification to the Dallas Police Department’s TASER policy. The goal of the study was to assess change in the rate of officer injury after the implementation of a more restrictive policy. We observed a modest increase in the monthly rate of police officer injuries following the policy restricting use. These results were found net of other effects, with some noteworthy between-patrol-division variation. Implications for TASER use policy and future research are discussed within.
Women doctors’ perceptions of gender issues in their workplace: Valuable comments from their interviews in a Japanese region

The number of women doctors is increasing annually in Japan as well as all over the world. The M shaped distribution of their career path is infamous. Preventing the continuous turnover of women doctors and promoting reinstatement could be a key issue. The aim of this study was to clarify the perceptions of gender issues women doctors have regarding their workplace in a Japanese region. We interviewed nine women affiliated with “Hokkaido Medical Women’s Association,” a regional society of women doctors in Japan. Semi-structured interviews lasting 60 minutes took place. The main topics were what they considered to be gender issues in their clinical practice. All interviews were transcribed in verbatim, and the scripts were analyzed, then repeated themes were identified. Nine themes emerged and were classified into three patterns. (A) The women doctors’ own problems: 1) anxiety about future life events, 2) work life balance, 3) fear of falling behind and losing up-to-date knowledge and skills. (B) Requirements for mentors or family support: 4) shortage of women doctors as role models, 5) spousal or other relatives’ lack of understanding. (C) Institutional or environmental issues: 6) heavy workload in their practice, 7) lack of a support system for raising their children, 8) lack of a system for returning to work, 9) “glass ceiling” issues. These themes were in line with overseas studies which have reported identifiable obstacles for women in medicine. Institutional or environmental support systems rather than personal problems need to be improved above all to rectify the situation.
An Analysis on Students’ Ability in TOEFL Structure Section Tests of Sixth Semester at Batanghari University Academic Year 2016/2017

Abstract The aim of this research is to know the students’ ability in TOEFL Structure Section tests of sixth semester at Batanghari University Academic Year 2016/2017. The sample of this research are 20 students sixth semester at Batanghari University which consist of two classes, regular A and B. The design of this research is descriptive method because the researcher just analysis the students’ ability in TOEFL Structure Section test. Based on the data analysis, the sixth semester students of English Education Study Program attained 60% which belong to fair category in Structure and Written Expression part. Based on the result of the research and the discussions that have been previously discussed in chapter IV, it can be concluded that the students’ ability in TOEFL Structure Section tests of sixth semester of English Education Study Program at Batanghari University was 60%, it belong to fair category. Keywords: Students’ Ability, TOEFL Structure Section Tests
Predicting match outcome according to the quality of opponent in the English premier league using situational variables and team performance indicators

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to investigate the situational variables and performance indicators that significantly affect the match outcome (win, loss or draw) based on the quality of opposition. The data consisted of the situational variables and performance indicators of the matches in the English Premier League for the 2017–2018 season. One-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD, k-means clustering and decision tree approaches were implemented in the analyses. Scoring first was found as the most influential on match outcome in each decision tree, while the effects of clearances, shots, shots on target, possession percentage and match location on the match outcome varied according to the quality of opponent. An average of 2.43, 0.53 and 0.97 goals were scored by the teams that won, lost and drawn, respectively and teams that scored first won 67% of the matches. The decision trees based on the quality of opponent correctly predicted 67.9, 73.9 and 78.4% of the results in the games played against balanced, stronger and weaker opponents, respectively, while in all games (regardless of the quality of opponent) this rate is only 64.8%, implying the importance of considering the quality of opponent in the analyses. Coaches and managers can use these findings to create targets for players and teams during training and matches, and also can be prepared for these different competitive scenarios.
Inverted founding: Emperor organ theory, constitutionalism, and koku-min

This article presents Minobe Tatsukichi’s emperor organ theory as a novel understanding of the temporality of founding. In contrast to a conventional framework of founding which legitimizes the constitution by postulating the pre-constitutional power of “the people,” emperor organ theory invents “the people” out of the Meiji Constitution as a democratically empowered subject to-come. In so doing, emperor organ theory calls upon the transformation of shin-min (臣民), the presumed subject of the emperor, into koku-min (国民), the people of this constitutional state. However, emperor organ theory also highlights the contingency of founding moments: though koku-min emerged through the Diet as a conceptually new political actor in Japan’s nascent constitutional state, it never solidified its sovereign status as “the people. ”
Assessing External Validity

Abstract In designing any causal study, steps must be taken to address both internal and external threats to its validity. Researchers tend to focus primarily on dealing with threats to internal validity. However, once they have conducted an internally valid analysis, that analysis yields an established set of findings for the specific case in question. As for the future usefulness of that result, however, what matters is its degree of external validity. In this paper we provide a formal, general exploration of the question of external validity and propose a simple and generally applicable method for evaluating the external validity of randomized controlled trials. Although our method applies only to RCTs, the issue of external validity is general and not restricted to RCTs, as shown in our formal analysis.
Entrepreneurial alertness and self-efficacy: A focus on social values and innovation performance

Orientation: It is widely accepted that the entrepreneurial process has attitudinal and behavioural components, with recent studies indicating that social values (SV) interact with entrepreneurial beliefs and competencies to significantly influence the innovation performance (INNP) of enterprises.Research purpose: By relying on the prescripts of social cognitive theory (SCT), this study empirically investigated to what extent SV moderate the relationship between entrepreneurial alertness (EA) and self-efficacy to influence higher levels of INNP.Motivation for the study: Studies indicate there has been a marked decrease in entrepreneurs who believe they offer innovative products, which is of great concern given that the levels of innovation are important for African enterprises.Research approach, design and method: This cross-sectional study was based on primary survey data (n = 175 enterprises). Instruments were scrutinised for validity and reliability and hypotheses tested using regression analysis.Main findings: Results showed that EA and entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) explained a significant amount of variance in INNP. In addition, SV positively moderated the relationship between these behavioural variables and INNP.Practical and managerial implications: It is important to have evidence-based policies that explain entrepreneurial behaviour and INNP of enterprises in African countries eager to move up the value chain to the next phase of economic development.Contribution or value-add: This article contributes to the understanding of how SV, in an under-researched emerging market context, interact with entrepreneurial behaviour regarding alertness and self-efficacy to increase the levels of INNP.