Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
C omposition in S tate-based R eplicated D ata T ypes

Keeping replicated data strongly consistent is convenient when communication is fast and available. In internet-scale distributed systems the reality of high communication latencies and likelihood of partitions, leads developers to adopt more relaxed consistency models, such as eventual consistency. Conflict-free Replicated Data Types, bring structure to the design of eventually consistent data management solutions, by precisely describing the behaviour under concurrent updates and guarantying a path to reconciliation. This paper offers a survey of the mathematical structures that support state based multi-master replication with reconciliation, and shows how state structures and state transformations can be composed to provide data types that are now used in practice in many geo-replicated systems.
Lack of signals of selection at candidate loci at a small geographical scale along a steep altitudinal gradient in Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.)

Local adaptation is a key concept in biology: shift of genetic structures of populations due to differential survival of genotypes is expected to lead to phenotypes providing an advantage in the local environment. Variation of sequences of twelve candidate genes was investigated in 13 Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. ) provenances originating from sites distributed along an altitudinal gradient from 550 to 1300 m a.s. l. Signals of selection were assessed in 103 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). The Bayesian FST-outlier identification methods as implemented in the programs BayeScan and Arlequin did not identify any SNP with a clear evidence of selection. The approaches relying on SNP-climate associations (spatial analysis method based on logistic regression of allele frequencies with environmental variables, Bayesian method applied in BayEnv2) identified several relationships but none of them remained significant after correction for multiple testing. Gene flow, epigenetic inheritance and former management of the studied populations are discussed as potential reasons for this weak evidence of selection signals.
EXPLORING STUDENTS‟ DESCRIPTIVE TEXT AT SECOND YEAR STUDENTS OF MA AN-NUR KOTA CIREBON (A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR PERSPECTIVE)

iii APPROVAL . iv OFFICIAL NOTE . v LETTER OFAUTHENTICITY . vi RATIFICATION . vii AUTOBIOGRAPHY . viii DEDICATION . ix MOTTO . x PREFACE . xi TABLE OF CONTENT . xiii LIST OF TABLE . xv LIST OF FIGURE . xvii LIST OF APPENDICES . xviii CHAPTER
A study of managers ’ decısıon-makıng styles accordıng to theır locus of control and learnıng styles

Knowing the fundamentals of “locus of control”,” learning styles”, and “decisionmaking””well contributes to managers’ effectiveness and productivities and obtaining successful outcomes because the rate of accuracy of the decision brings along success or failure. This awareness is also of crucial importance in the criterion in selecting and training the managers. The aim of this research is to specify in what way the managers’ decision-making styles change according to their learningstylesandlocus ofcontrol. In this respect, before anything else, the managers’ learningstyles, locus of control, and decision-making styles were specified. Three scales were used in this research; the “DecisionMakingStylesScale (DMSS)”, “Locus of Control Scale (LOCS)”, and “Learning Stylesİnventory (LSI)”. Managers, Head Assistants, and Assistant Managers from State high schools of the Ministry of National Education, İzmir, were involved in this study. The findings were analysed through SPSS 21.00 program. The result of the research revealed that managers preferred decisionmaking styles mostly, their focal point was internal auditing, and adapted abstract conceptualizing learning styles. Meanwhile, it was observed that their decision-making styles differed proportionally compared to learningstylesandlocus ofcontrol.
Secure FPGA Design by Filling Unused Spaces

Nowadays there are different kinds of attacks on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). As FPGAs are used in many different applications, its security becomes an important concern, especially in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Hardware Trojan Horse (HTH) insertion is one of the major security threats that can be implemented in unused space of the FPGA. This unused space is unavoidable to meet the place and route requirements. In this paper, we introduce an efficient method to fill this space and thus to leave no free space for inserting HTHs. Using a shift register in combination with gate-chain is the best way of filling unused space, which incurs a no increase in power consumption of the main design. Experimental results of implementing a set of IWLS benchmarks on Xilinx Virtex devices show that the proposed prevention and detection scheme imposes a no power overhead with no degradation to performance and critical path delay of the main design
CONCEPTS OF FIRM AND NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AND CHANGES IN COMPETITIVENESS OF VISEGRAD GROUP COUNTRIES

The term competitiveness is traditionally associated with the success of firms in competition with other firms. In macroeconomic context, this term began to be aplliedin the 1980s in connection with the change of the nature of international trade relations. The specific assessment of countries according to their competitiveness can be seen as a way to evaluate their future economic potential and opportunities for further development and growth. The first objective of this article is to describe the basic approaches to firm level competitiveness. The second aim is to briefly analyse the changes in national competitiveness of Visegrad group countries in the years 2006 2014. To demonstrate differences between evaluation of competitiveness based on traditional macroeconomic indicators and evaluation of competitiveness based on results in international rankings of competitiveness (The Global Competitiveness Report), we will summarize the classical hard criteria for evaluating the competitiveness and critically evaluate the methodology of international competitiveness ranking.The last part of thisarticle deals with the changes in strengths and weaknesses of Czech national competitiveness according to GCI.
Selective reporting in industrial research : the effect of innovation , uncertainty of science and competition on firm motivation

Although the existence of selective reporting in industrial research is well acknowledged, little is known about firms' incentives to selectively present or withhold research findings in scientific publications. Building on innovation theory's strategic use of science arguments, I suggest that the degree of innovation positively influence a firm? s likelihood to selectively publish research findings about its innovation, based on the ? direction? of the results. Moreover, acknowledging that firms may have multiple motivations to selective reporting, I argue that the uncertainty of the science underlying a firm? s innovation and the degree of competition are additional incentives to the strategic selection of research results for publication in academic journals. The analysis of 324 industry-funded scientific papers reporting clinical trial results partially supports my hypotheses.
Processes in Construction : Modeling and Consistency Checking

Project management in construction is difficult because of several aspects to be considered, such as: i) different companies with different business objectives have to interact and synchronize their activities, ii) unexpected events need to be addressed, iii) customer requirements often change while the construction process is running, iv) resources are shared among different companies and their usage need to be maximized. To support project management, a first step is the definition of a process model, which captures the tasks to be performed, the needed resources, and the collaboration among the different companies, in terms of dependencies among the tasks. To this aim, a group of civil engineers introduced the PRECISE methodology for process management and applied it successfully in real cases. It defines a graphical modeling language tailored to the construction domain. However, there is only limited and ad-hoc IT support. The focus of this thesis is to provide (automatic) support for the PRECISE process modeling. More precisely, we focus on two main aspects: i) provide support for the graphical definition of a process model; ii) provide automatic support to check properties of interest on a model. Specifically, we address the problem of consistency of a model (i.e. whether there exists a process execution that satisfies all requirements expressed in a process model). To this aim, we developed a web application and algorithms for the consistency checking. We compare these algorithms with more standard techniques, such as consistency checking of a set of Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) formulas using model checking techniques.
Implementing a smooth exact penalty function for constrained nonlinear optimization

We build upon Estrin et al. (2019) to develop a general constrained nonlinear optimization algorithm based on a smooth penalty function proposed by Fletcher (1970, 1973b). Although Fletcher’s approach has historically been considered impractical, we show that the computational kernels required are no more expensive than those in other widely accepted methods for nonlinear optimization. The main kernel for evaluating the penalty function and its derivatives solves structured linear systems. When the matrices are available explicitly, we store a single factorization each iteration. Otherwise, we obtain a factorization-free optimization algorithm by solving each linear system iteratively. The penalty function shows promise in cases where the linear systems can be solved efficiently, e.g., PDE-constrained optimization problems when efficient preconditioners exist. We demonstrate the merits of the approach, and give numerical results on several PDE-constrained and standard test problems. Résumé : Suite aux travaux de Estrin et al. (2019), nous développons une méthode pour l’optimisation avec contraintes générales basée sur une fonction de pénalité différentiable proposée par Fletcher (1970,1973b). Bien que la méthode de Fletcher fut considérée trop coûteuse par le passé, nous montrons que les noyaux de calcul ne sont pas plus coûteux que dans d’autres méthodes établies pour l’optimisation non linéaire. Le noyau principal pour évaluer la fonction de pénalité et ses dérivées consiste à résoudre des systèmes linéaires structurés. Quand les matrices sont disponibles explicitement, une seule factorisation par itération est suffisante. Dans le cas contraire, nous donnons une implémentation sans factorisation dans laquelle les systèmes sont résolus itérativement. La fonction de pénalité est prometteuse dans les cas où les systèmes linéaires se prêtent à une résolution efficace, comme c’est le cas en optimisation sous contraintes différentielles quand de bons préconditionneurs existent. Nous montrons les mérites de cette approche et donnons des résultats numériques sur des problèmes standard et plusieurs problèmes avec contraintes différentielles. Acknowledgments: We would like to express our deep gratitude to Drew Kouri for supplying PDE-constrained optimization problems in Matlab, for helpful discussions throughout this project, and for hosting the first author for two weeks at Sandia National Laboratories. The work of M. P. Friedlander was supported by NSERC Discovery Grant 312104. The work of D. Orban was supported by NSERC Discovery Grant 299010-04. The research of M. A. Saunders was partially supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [award U01GM102098]. Les Cahiers du GERAD G–2019–27 1
EasyChair Preprint No 337 A metrics for ‘ Point-Ellipse ’ distance evaluation in 2

This document proposes a method to define the distance between a set of points and an ellipse, which can be used as cost function of a Genetic Algorithm or any other kind of solvers to solve the ellipse fitting problem. This method involves a metrics to retrieve the correct polygon edge to be compared with each point of the set, featuring linear time complexity.
Pedagogical, Psychological and Psychotherapeutic Help in Overcoming Learning Diﬃculties to Facilitate Development Diﬀerent Methods of Help from the Cultural-Psychological Viewpoint

The paper discusses theoretical basics for organising the work and interaction of diﬀerent specialists helping children with learning diﬃculties (teachers, counsellors, therapists). The multivector model of the zone of proximal development based on cultural-historical psychology and developed in the theoretical framework of Reﬂection-Activity approach is proposed as such basic value. We connect diﬀerent types of help to various developmental vectors and regard them as technologies to enhancing the client’s development. We reveal the contents of such notions as cooperation, zone of proximal development, agency, reﬂection, and problem’s epicentre. We present diﬀerent ways of operationalizing these notions applied to aiding children with learning diﬃculties. The notion of dual resource we propose is important for developing new techniques of working in the zone of proximal development; it is this basis certain technologies of organising the client’s reﬂection are relying on. We give examples of counselling children in such way and present a comparative analysis of the counsellor’s work with action schemas and cognitive-behavioural therapist’s work with problematic emotional states and behaviours in children with learning diﬃculties. The theoretic system we disclose helps to comprehend the famous quote from Lev Vygotsky: “one step in learning may signify a hundred steps in development”.
An Adaptive Load Voltage Support Control Strategy for Inverter-based Renewable Energy Conversion System

AbstractIn this paper, an adaptive load voltage support control strategy is proposed for the inverter to simultaneously control the load voltage, grid current and power injected to the grid in the presence of grid voltage distortions and nonlinearity of the load current. In the proposed control strategy, the local load can be supplied in desired quality of the network operator. In order to employ the proposed control strategy, a cascaded structure has been proposed to control the quality of active injected power to the grid, load voltage and grid current, simultaneously. The proposed controller is able to track and compensate voltage harmonics without need of complex and long-run calculations. The proposed model is simulated under the non-ideal grid conditions while supplying a nonlinear load. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy to supply a non-linear load in a standard voltage and current.
Identification of P 5 CS gene on sugarcane by PCR using heterologous primer

Usaha peningkatan produktivitas gula dengan pemanfaatan lahan kering, memerlukan tersedianya bibit tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) unggul yang toleran terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Perakitan tanaman tersebut melalui bioteknologi modern memerlukan ketersediaan gen pembawa sifat ketahanan kekeringan yang sesuai dan informasi molekulernya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi adanya gen P5CS (pyrroline-5carboxylate synthetase) pada tanaman tebu dan karakteristik molekulernya secara terbatas dalam perspektif usaha perakitan tanaman tebu tahan kekeringan. Identifikasi gen pembawa sifat ketahanan tersebut pada tanaman tebu dilakukan dengan teknik PCR menggunakan primer spesifik. Tingkat homologinya terhadap gen dari spesies lainnya, secara kualitatif diprediksi dengan teknik hibridisasi menggunakan pelacak heterologus yang berasal dari gen P5CS tanaman Vigna aconitifolia. Kandungan prolin tanaman yang mendapat perlakuan cekaman kekeringan secara in vitro, ditetapkan untuk melihat seberapa tinggi akumulasi prolin dapat terjadi oleh induksi ekspresi gen endogenous. Adanya fragmen DNA hasil amplifikasi dengan primer spesifik P5CS, membuktikan bahwa pada tanaman tebu terdapat gen P5CS yang pada daerah terkonservasi memiliki tingkat homologi yang tinggi. Diperolehnya ukuran yang sama dengan control plasmid pBI-P5CS membuktikan bahwa sebagaimana spesies tanaman lainnya, posisi daerah tersebut pada tebu adalah tertentu dan sama. Tidak terjadinya amplifikasi dengan primer dari daerah di luar daerah terkonservasi, menunjukkan bahwa gen P5CS tebu tidak sepenuhnya homologous dengan yang berasal dari tanaman V. aconitifolia. Terjadinya peningkatan akumulasi prolin pada perlakuan cekaman kekeringan mengindikasikan bahwa gen P5CS tersebut juga dapat diinduksi (inducible) oleh stres air. Summary
Inheritance of pericarp pigment on crossing between black rice and white rice

This research studied the genetic parameters of the pigment characters of rice. The experiments were conducted in two stages: establishment of base population through crossing between black rice with white rice and F1s were grown in the green house and F2 seeds in the field. Analysis of the suitability of segregation ratio calculated with the chi squared formula and the degree of dominance could be seen from the comparison between the dominant predictive value [h] and the additive predictive value [d] were carried out with SAS 9.2 software. The results showed that the character of purple pigment was controlled by two mutually complementary dominant genes with recessive epistasis (9:3:4) which follow the model of additive×additive ([m][d][i] and dominant×dominant ([m][d][l]) interaction. The action of black/purple pigment gene of rice was perfect dominance which was directed to the parent with purple pericarp pigment (black rice).
Usability Test with Eye-Tracking and KeyLogging : Where Translation Studies Meets Natural Language Processing

Computer assisted tools used to seem as though not made from the point of view of their targeted users [O’Brien, 2012:15]. However, their usability has been improving. In Translation Studies there exists a gap in research on process-oriented usability involving data triangulation. In our study based on the assumption that translation is a situated and complex activity [Risku, 2002, 2004], we aimed to address this gap with our experiment testing a new tool for translators, Concordia. This usability experiment with eye-tracking, keylogging, and screen recording directly involved translators (six translation trainees) in the development process through objectively collected data on effectiveness and efficiency of Concordia. Their satisfaction with Concordia was also a part of the usability test. We hypothesised that participants would be more efficient and effective when translating European Union texts with Concordia and that they will be satisfied with the tool. The results indicate that Concordia at its current state of development does not facilitate the process, but the participants were generally satisfied with the tool’s features.
Edinburgh On the Tetrahedrally Symmetric Monopole

We study SU (2) BPS monopoles with spectral curves of the form η 3 + χ ( ζ 6 + bζ 3 − 1) = 0. Previous work has has established a countable family of solutions to Hitchin’s constraint that L 2 was trivial on such a curve. Here we establish that the only curves of this family that yield BPS monopoles correspond to tetrahedrally symmetric monopoles. We introduce several new techniques making use of a factorization theorem of Fay and Accola for theta functions, together with properties of the Humbert variety. The geometry leads us to a formulation purely in terms of elliptic functions. A more general conjecture than needed for the stated result is given.
Abandoned object detection in long-term video-surveillance

Due to recent events, global security concern is significantly increasing in our society. This area of concern is directly connected with the growing demand of video surveillance systems, mainly in public and crowded scenarios, such as railway stations, due to the potential risk they present. In order to avoid the arduous manual task of supervising a video surveillance system, automatic analysis and detection of this kind of events is the challenging task to be achieved. Although diverse systems trying to reach this goal have been proposed in the literature there is a lack of evaluation within this field. An end-to-end configurable system for abandoned and stolen object detection has been designed and developed by integrating available techniques. This systems integrates several algorithms in each module of the system, thus it allows the evaluation of several state-of-the art techniques combinations. An evaluation protocol considering short and long-term sequences has been designed by classifying available datasets and analysis evaluation metrics. A graphical user interface has been developed allowing the algorithms and parameters selection and adjustment for each stage of the system, as well as displaying the results. In addition, a new different system integrating recent and innovative state of the art proposals has been proposed.
Metaphoric Blends in Online Cartoons on Egypt ’ s Education System

Political cartoons, as a visual medium, abound in metaphor for its powerful impact on viewers/readers; they comment on various social, cultural, and political aspects of life. On that account, this paper is meant to explore metaphor from the cognitive perspective of conceptual blending theorydeveloped by Fauconnier and Turner (2002) in five online cartoons by Dr. Sherif Arafa. The theory presents a framework for online meaning construction via mappings, selective projections and other conceptual blending processes to yield novel dynamic inferences. The paper addresses metaphoric blends, as specified by Grady (2005), in an attempt to uncover the cognitive processes pertaining to meaning construction and the ideological assumptions underpinning such metaphoric cartoons. The five cartoons focus on Egypt’s education system. The study concludes that double-scope integration networks dominate the five cartoons; moreover, metaphoric blends are triggered via experiential correlations and analogical mappings. The cartoonist criticizes the current education strategies in Egypt via his ideologically loaded cartoons.
YITP-10-10 Gaugino Mass and Landscape of Vacua

In direct gauge mediation, gaugino masses often vanish at the leading order of supersymmetry breaking. Recently, this phenomenon is understood in connection with the global structure of vacua in O’Raifeartigh type models. In this note, we further explore a connection between gaugino masses and the landscape of vacua in a variety of gauge mediation models. In particular, we present a calculable model with non-vanishing leading order gaugino masses on the lowest energy vacuum.
Facilitating student learning in distance education: a case study on the development and implementation of a multifaceted feedback system

Abstract This paper reports on a case study conducted in an American university investigating the role of feedback within a distance education environment. Based on data gathered from online and hybrid undergraduate students in a teacher education program and supported by existing research, we describe how we support online learners by implementing a feedback system that incorporates multi-draft formative assessments and various feedback strategies. We describe these strategies (i.e. explicit feedback directions and feedback surveys) as well as data from formative assessments to demonstrate the impact of clear expectations and feedback on student performance in distance education. We present recommendations for online feedback and propose a feedback model for further study.