Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECT OF ALKALOID BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF JELLYFISH ( Bougainvillia sp ) ON TIGER GROUPER ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ) INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE SRI ANDAYANI

Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya Jl. Veteran Malang, 65145, Indonesia Correspondence: Srianday_08@yahoo.com Abstract. Immunostimulatory can be used for fish disease prevention as it can enhance fish resistance by increasing the non specific defense mechanisms. The aim of this research was to examine humoral and cellular innate immune responses of Tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) on alkaloid substance based on phagocyte activity, macrophage, total leukocyte, differential leukocyte (lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophile) and plasma protein. Jellyfish bioactive substance was determined using UV-Vis, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Irradiation Red (IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Hydrogen (‘H-NMR). Completely Randomized Design was used with 4 treatments i.e: C= 0 ; A=0,5 ; B=0,75 ; C=1;D=1,25 g of alkaloid/kg feed and 3 repetitions. The results showed that bioactive substance in jellyfish extract was identified as alkaloid which is predicted as an N-1 – Benzilalkohol, 4–Oktil Piperidin. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) on leukocytes, macrophage, phagocytes activity and plasma protein. This result indicated that alkaloid substance from jellyfish increased the activity of tiger grouper’s innate immune response.
Scale-invariant hyperscaling-violating holographic theories and the resistivity of strange metals with random-field disorder

We compute the direct current resistivity of a scale-invariant, $d$-dimensional strange metal with dynamic critical exponent $z$ and hyperscaling-violating exponent $\theta$, weakly perturbed by a scalar operator coupled to random-field disorder that locally breaks a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry. Independent calculations via Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton holography and memory matrix methods lead to the same results. We show that random field disorder has a strong effect on resistivity: charge carriers in the infrared are easily depleted, as the relaxation time for momentum is surprisingly small. In the course of our holographic calculation we use a non-trivial dilaton coupling to the disordered scalar, allowing us to study a strongly-coupled scale invariant theory with $\theta \ne 0$. Using holography, we are also able to determine the disorder strength at which perturbation theory breaks down. Curiously, for locally critical theories this breakdown occurs when the resistivity is proportional to the entropy density, up to a possible logarithmic correction.
Socio-Economic and Legal Factors Affecting Growth of Businesses Owned by Entrepreneurs with Disabilities ( EwD ’ s ) in Rural Areas in Kenya : A Case of Meru County Dr

In Kenya, over 1.3 million Persons live with disabilities with most of them being generally economically deprived. An alternative career option for persons with disabilities is self-employment where the entrepreneur enjoys freedom, flexibility, and independence. Past researchers have focused more on EwD’s in the urban areas and this study therefore sought to bridge this gap by establishing socio-economic and legal factors affecting growth of businesses owned by entrepreneurs with disability in rural areas in Kenya: a case of Meru County. The target population comprised of 2021 entrepreneurs with disability, 22 managers in Youth Polytechnics, 5 principals in technical training institute and 40 government officers. The researcher used a combination of stratified and purposive sampling method to select the respondents. The study established that majority of EwD’s were not conversant with the positive changes in business environment, lacked mentors, had little business training levels and felt that increase in loan amounts and timely disbursement of funds in government funding programs would play a key role in growing their businesses. Therefore, the study concluded that policy and regulatory environment, technical and vocational training, access to capital and finances and mentorship programs affects growth of businesses owned by EwD’s in rural areas in Kenya.
Effect of Drying Temperature on Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Coffee Pulp Extract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tray drying on antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of coffee pulp extract (CPE). Coffee pulp (CP) was dried at 70 °C, 80 °C and 90 °C using tray dryer until the moisture content of sample reached 13 %. Then, the CP was extracted with water to obtain CPE70, CPE80 and CPE90, respectively. Bioactive compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against some pathogenic bacteria of the CPEs were determined and compared to those of the freeze dried sample (CPEFD). It was found that total phenolic content of the CPE90 (2.46 ± 0.02 gallic acid equivalent (GAE) /100 g CPE db) was higher than that of the CPEFD (2.19 ± 0.04 GAE/ 100 g CPE db), CPE70 (1.78 ± 0.02 GAE/ 100 g CPE db) and CPE80 (1.73 ± 0.02 GAE/100 g CPE db), respectively. The antioxidant activity of CPE90 (1,303.44 ± 56.09 g trolox equivalent (TE)/ 100 g CPE db) was higher than that of the CPEFD (732.69 ± 30.28 g TE /100 g CPE db), CPE80 (688.24 ± 41.10 g TE /100 g CPE db) and CPE70 (548.36 ± 31.93 g TE/ 100 g CPE db), respectively. At 200 mg/ml of CPE solution, it was found that antimicrobial activity of the CPE90 exhibited the highest inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus, followed by CPEFD, CPE80 and CPE70, respectively.
Computational annotation-mining of syllable durations in speech varieties

There are many techniques for modelling properties of speech duration patterns, including models of rhythm as oscillation, partial models of rhythm types as departures from isochrony, models of tempo acceleration and deceleration, and models of duration hierarchies and their relation to hierarchies in word and phrase structure. Except for oscillator modelling, many approaches use data extraction from speech annotations, often with mainly manual methods. We employ computational data-mining for phonetic research, as opposed to phonological research on the one hand or speech technological research on the other, and explore the potential of the computational annotation data-mining paradigm for improving efficiency and scope of analysis. We show consistent variation in syllable duration patterns in selected speech varieties in English, Chinese and Polish, chosen for their known different prosodic typological properties. Results include a possible limen of 50ms for relevant timing patterns. For data-mining we use the Time Group Analysis ( TGA ) methodology, directly in the TGA online tool and integrated into the Annotation Pro+TGA desktop software.
The Genetic Diversity of Gliadins in Aegilops geniculata from Algeria

Medouri A. , Bellil I. , Khelifi D. (2015): The genetic diversity of gliadins in Aegilops geniculata from Algeria. Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed. , 51: 9–15. The gliadins of the wild wheat Aegilops geniculata represent a valuable gene pool in breeding for bread making quality. The genetic diversity of gliadins in A. geniculata was studied among 36 of its accessions, collected in the north of Algeria, using acid polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (Acid-PAGE). In total, sixty-one polymorphic bands and 35 gliadin patterns were identified. Twenty-eight different bands and 34 patterns were found in the ω-gliadin region, 13 polymorphic bands and 33 patterns for γ-gliadins, 12 bands and 34 different patterns for β-gliadins and eight bands in combination resulted in 25 different patterns in the α-gliadin zone. Thirty-five patterns were found for each of the Gli-1 (γ/ω region) and Gli-2 (α/β region) loci. The genetic diversity index ( H) was higher for ω-gliadins (0.968), followed by γ- and β-gliadins (0.964 and 0.961, respectively), and the lowest value was detected in α-gliadin patterns (0.944). Cluster analysis based on Ward’s method divided the analysed collection into five separated groups in which genetic diversity did not follow the geographical distribution. The polymorphism observed in the electrophoretic patterns highlights close correlations between bioclimatic features and some ω-gliadin proteins.
Southern Corn Leaf Blight: A Story Worth Retelling

1 There are few active practitioners of our profession left who recall first-hand the harsh lesson Mother Nature inflicted on agronomists and North American agriculture in 1970 and 1971. The maize disease SCLB (Bipolar maydis T.) (earlier known as Helminthosporium maydis T.) reached epidemic proportions in the United States and southern Canada, destroying an estimated 15% of the corn crop at an estimated loss of $1.0 billion at that time (Ullstrup, 1972). It was not uncommon for some growers to suffer 80 to 100% losses and some multiple county regions in the Corn Belt to have average losses ranging between 35 and 50% of their crop. In some southern states where the disease first appeared, relative losses were also high with those in Mississippi estimated to be between 30 and 40% (Moore, 1970a.) This “perfect storm” of a plant disease epidemic was a prime example of the Disease Triangle coming together in a devastating way; a relatively new race of an existing disease being introduced, a host crop of which >85% had a vulnerable common genetic background, and environmental conditions exceptionally favorable for infection and growth of the pathogen. Obviously humans have little or no control over the evolution of pathogenic organisms. Like any living thing, fungi along with all other pests, will find a way to survive and propagate. Paraphrasing the character Dr. Ian Malcom played by Jeff Goldblum in the movie “Jurassic Park” when informed that all of the dinosaurs in the park were female and through the controlled cloning program would be denied natural reproduction, Dr. Malcom warned “You can’t deny a species the ability to reproduce. Life will find a way”. Corn has always been a major feed grain in the United States since colonial times, with >80% going for livestock feed and the remainder for food and industrial products. The United States in 1969 was exporting about 15.5 Tg of corn overseas with a value of ~ $690 million. Currently exports are more than 56 Tg valued at ~ $8.7 billion (Index Mundi, 2016). The lead up to the 1970–1971 SCLB race-T epidemic had its roots with the commercialization of hybrid seed corn, and its wide acceptance by American growers. Prior to 1930, virtually all corn produced in the world utilized open-pollinated cultivars with nearly 1000 different cultivars being grown in the United States alone Southern Corn Leaf Blight: A Story Worth Retelling
Detecting Source Code Plagiarism on .NET Programming Languages using Low-level Representation and Adaptive Local Alignment

Even though there are various source code plagiarism detection approaches, only a few works which are focused on low-level representation for deducting similarity. Most of them are only focused on lexical token sequence extracted from source code. In our point of view, low-level representation is more beneficial than lexical token since its form is more compact than the source code itself. It only considers semantic-preserving instructions and ignores many source code delimiter tokens. This paper proposes a source code plagiarism detection which rely on low-level representation. For a case study, we focus our work on . NET programming languages with Common Intermediate Language as its low-level representation. In addition, we also incorporate Adaptive Local Alignment for detecting similarity. According to Lim et al, this algorithm outperforms code similarity state-of-the-art algorithm (i.e. Greedy String Tiling) in term of effectiveness. According to our evaluation which involves various plagiarism attacks, our approach is more effective and efficient when compared with standard lexical-token approach.
Changes in the plankton community passing a Mytilus edulis mussel bed

The changes in phytoplankton community in water passing a large natural population of the blue mussels Mytilus edulis L. in the Oresund strait between Malmo and Copenhagen were studied. Changes in both the biomass and composition of the phytoplankton community were detected and an explanation invoking intense grazing pressure from the mussels is proposed. The biomass, measured as biovolume, decreased from 0.42 to 0.11 mm 3 l -1 (74 % decrease) as the non-stratified turbulent water passed the mussel bed over a distance of 20 km. Beyond the mussel bed, biomass increased to 0.39 mm 3 l -1 within 27 km. A benthic filter-feeder model was adapted to correlate the theoretical maximum filtration with observations. The model was in accordance with observed values if a filtration efficiency of 25 % was applied. During the passage the phytoplankton community was shifted to smaller phytoplankton cells: phytoplankton with a diameter of 2 to 12 μm increased from 65 to 89 % of the total phytoplankton community and all other plankton taxa declined. This observed shift in community was significant correlated with a predicted shift due to the mussel filtration.
Electrical properties of ions in the atmosphere of Titan

The Permittivity, Wave and Altimetry (PWA) package on the Huygens probe measured atmospheric electrical activity during its 14 January 2005 descent into Titan's atmosphere. Electrical mobilities of positive ions have been estimated using a combination of predictions of mass from the available chemical models, and the atmospheric properties measured by Huygens. Disc-shaped relaxation probes were used on the PWA to measure air conductivity. In this paper we present the extension of an inversion technique, originally developed to extract ion mobility information from cylindrical relaxation probe data, to the disc geometry. The maximum distance from which typical positive ion species are influenced by the electric field of the relaxation probe in Titan's troposphere and stratosphere is calculated, and found to be ~10μm. However, loss of positive ion data from the Huygens probe prevents the application of the new technique. Based on the Huygens data, evidence for, and possible characteristics of, a global electric circuit on Titan are also discussed.
The growth and decay of equatorial backscatter plumes

Abstract : During the past three years, a series of rocket experiments from the Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands, were conducted to investigate the character of intense, scintillation-producing irregularities that occur in the nighttime equatorial ionosphere. Because the source mechanism of equatorial irregularities, believed to be the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, is analogous to that which generates plasma-density striations in a nuclear-induced environment, there is considerable interest in the underlying physics that controls the characteristics of these irregularities. A primary objective of ALTAIR investigations of equatorial irregularities is to seek an understanding of the underlying physics by establishing the relationship between meter-scale irregularities (detected by ALTAIR), and the large-scale plasma-density depletions (or 'bubbles') that contain the kilometer-scale, scintillation-producing irregularities. We describe the time evolution of backscatter 'plumes' produced by one-meter equatorial field-aligned irregularities. Using ALTAIR, a fully steerable backscatter radar, to repeatedly map selected plumes, we characterize the dynamic behavior of plumes in terms of growth and a decay phase. Most of the observed characteristics are found to be consistent with equatorial-irregularity generation predicted by current theories of Rayleigh-Taylor and gradient-drift instabilities. However, other characteristics have been found that suggest key roles played by the eastward neutral wind and by altitude-modulation of the bottomside F layer in establishing the initial conditions for plume growth.
Joint Constraint Modelling Using Evolved Topology Generalized Multi-Layer Perceptron(GMLP)

The accurate simulation of anatomical joint models is important for both medical diagnosis and realistic animation applications. Quaternion algebra has been increasingly applied to model rotations providing a compact representation while avoiding singularities. This paper describes the application of artificial neural networks topologically evolved using genetic algorithms to model joint constraints directly in quaternion space. These networks are trained (using resilient back propagation) to model discontinuous vector fields that act as corrective functions ensuring invalid joint configurations are accurately corrected. The results show that complex quaternion-based joint constraints can be learned without resorting to reduced coordinate models or iterative techniques used in other quaternion based joint constraint approaches.
Insights About the Neuroplasticity State on the Effect of Intramuscular Electrical Stimulation in Pain and Disability Associated With Chronic Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS): A Double-Blind, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial

Background: There is limited evidence concerning the effect of intramuscular electrical stimulation (EIMS) on the neural mechanisms of pain and disability associated with chronic Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS). Objectives: To provide new insights into the EIMS long-term effect on pain and disability related to chronic MPS (primary outcomes). To assess if the neuroplasticity state at baseline could predict the long-term impact of EIMS on disability due to MPS we examined the relationship between the serum brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor (BDNF) and by motor evoked potential (MEP). Also, we evaluated if the EIMS could improve the descending pain modulatory system (DPMS) and the cortical excitability measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) parameters. Methods: We included 24 right-handed female with chronic MPS, 19–65 years old. They were randomically allocated to receive ten sessions of EIMS, 2 Hz at the cervical paraspinal region or a sham intervention (n = 12). Results: A mixed model analysis of variance revealed that EIMS decreased daily pain scores by -73.02% [95% confidence interval (CI) = -95.28 to -52.30] and disability due to pain -43.19 (95%CI, -57.23 to -29.39) at 3 months of follow up. The relative risk for using analgesics was 2.95 (95% CI, 1.36 to 6.30) in the sham group. In the EIMS and sham, the change on the Numerical Pain Scale (NPS0-10) throughout CPM-task was -2.04 (0.79) vs. -0.94 (1.18), respectively, (P = 0.01). EIMS reduced the MEP -28.79 (-53.44 to -4.15), while improved DPMS and intracortical inhibition. The MEP amplitude before treatment [(Beta = -0.61, (-0.58 to -0.26)] and a more significant change from pre- to post-treatment on serum BDNF) (Beta = 0.67; CI95% = 0.07 to 1.26) were predictors to EIMS effect on pain and disability due to pain. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a bottom–up effect induced by the EIMS reduced the analgesic use, improved pain, and disability due to chronic MPS. This effect might be mediated by an enhancing of corticospinal inhibition as seen by an increase in IC and a decrease in MEP amplitude. Likewise, the MEP amplitude before treatment and the changes induced by the EIMS in the serum BDNF predicted it’s long-term clinical impact on pain and disability due MPS. The trial is recorded in ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02381171.
A State of the Art of Governance Literature on adaptation to climate change: Towards a research agenda

Rapport uit een serie verkenningen, uitgevoerd om de stand van zaken op het gebied van klimaatverandering en adaptatie te inventariseren. Governance of Adaptation bevat een literatuuranalyse van bestuurskundige en planologische aspecten van klimaatadaptatie.This report provides a state-of-the-art overview of governance literature on adaptation strategies. What has recent research taught us on adaptation from the perspective of governance and to what research agenda does this lead? This report is structured as followed. Firstly, it will be argued why adaptation is a matter of governance. Secondly, the research methods for the literature study will be outlined. Thirdly, the results of the literature study will portray the findings in terms of the themes and foci with, respectively, environmental studies, spatial planning and development studies, and public administration studies. Finally, a comparative analysis of these findings will lead to a research agenda for future research on governance of adaptation
Evaluation of the Effects of Oronasal Versus Oral Disinfections with Chlorhexidine on Clinical Criteria of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most prevalent and lethal form of nosocomial infections in the ICU and oral disinfection is a nursing measure to prevent this condition. Aim: this study aimed to evaluate the effect of oronasal versus oral disinfections with chlorhexidine on the clinical criteria for diagnosis of VAP. Method: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 70 intubated ICU patients under mechanical ventilation at Shahid Kamyab Hospital of Mashhad, Iran in 2016. Samples were divided into two groups of intervention (mouthwash and disinfection of nostrils with 0.2% chlorhexidine every eight hours) and control (mouthwash). Clinical criteria for VAP, including pulmonary infiltration, rectal temperature, white blood cell (WBC) count and endotracheal discharge were recorded and compared between the two groups from days 1-6. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 11.5 using Chi-square test. Results: In this study, mean age of intervention and control groups was 44.3±19.9 and 45.9±18.2 years, respectively. The results of Chi-square test indicated no significant difference between the groups regarding rectal temperature (P=0.22), WBC count (P=0.33), purulent endotracheal discharge (P= 0.47), pulmonary infiltration (P=0.21) and incidence of VAP (P=0.21). Implications for Practice: According to the results of this study, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding clinical criteria and the incidence of VAP despite clinical differences. Therefore, it is recommended that further studies be conducted in this area.
Simultaneous Information and Energy Transmission in the Two-User Gaussian Interference Channel

In this paper, the fundamental limits of simultaneous information and energy transmission in the two-user Gaussian interference channel with and without perfect channel-output feedback are approximated by two regions in each case, i.e., an achievable region and a converse region. When the energy transmission rate is normalized by the maximum energy rate, the approximation is within a constant gap. In the proof of achievability, the key idea is the use of power-splitting between two signal components: an information-carrying component and a no-information component. The construction of the former is based on random coding arguments, whereas the latter consists of a deterministic sequence known by all transmitters and receivers. The proof of the converse is obtained via cut-set bounds, genie-aided channel models, Fano’s inequality, and some concentration inequalities considering that channel inputs might have a positive mean. Finally, the energy transmission enhancement due to feedback is quantified and it is shown that feedback can at most double the energy transmission rate at high signal-to-noise ratios.
Do parasites make prey vulnerable to predation? Red grouse and parasites

An extensive post-mortem survey of grouse revealed that birds killed by predators in spring and summer had significantly greater burdens of the caecal nematode Trichostrongylus tenuis than grouse shot during the autumn. Furthermore, grouse that appeared to have died through the effects of parasites carried greater worm burdens than grouse killed by predators. The proportion of grouse with high levels of parasite infection increased with the intensity of predator control as measured indirectly through keeper density. These two empirical observations suggest that predators selectively prey on heavily infected grouse. The interactions between parasites and predators were examined experimentally by reducing the worm burdens of female grouse with an oral anthelmintic