Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Fuselage Incidence on the Supersonic Aerodynamics of Two Fighter Configurations

An experimental and theoretical investigation of fuselage-inci dence effects on two fighter aircraft models, which differed in wing planform shape only, has been conducted in NASA Langley Research Center's Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel at Mach numbers 1.6,1.8, and 2.0. Experimental and theoretical results were obtained on the two models with fuselage-incidence angles of 0, 2, and 5 deg. The fuselage geometry consisted of two sidemounted, flow-through, half-axisymmetric inlets and twin vertical tails. The two planforms tested were advanced cranked wings of 70/66 and 70/30 deg leading-edge sweep angles. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of fuselage incidence on wing performance and to determine the ability of two linearized theory aerodynamic methods to predict these effects. Experimental data showed that fuselage incidence resulted in a positive increment in configuration lift and pitching moment; the majority of lift increment can be attributed to the fuselage-induced wing loading and the majority of the pitching moment increment to the fuselage loading. Theoretical analysis indicates that the PAN AIR and SDAS codes adequately predict the overall configuration forces and moments resulting from fuselage incidence, but the PAN AIR code predicted the distribution of forces and moments between the components more accurately.
Cross‐talk between EGFR and BMP signals regulates chondrocyte maturation during endochondral ossification

Progressive maturation of growth plate chondrocytes drives long bone growth during endochondral ossification. Signals from the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and from bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP2), are required for normal chondrocyte maturation. Here, we investigated cross‐talk between EGFR and BMP2 signals in developing and adult growth plates.
Length dispersion of shoes labelled with the same size in the UK shoe-size system

According to our results, increasing the forefoot bending stiffness of shoes can increase ankle range of motion, horizontal and vertical maximum push off force, and reduce the gastrocnemius muscle activation and contact time during locomotion. This will allow us to more clearly explain that the elastic shoe materials can enhance the efficiency of walking and jogging and changing shoe forefoot design can improve athletic performance (Roy and Stefanyshyn 2006, Tinoco et al. 2010). Interestingly, the elastic shoe did not have enough time for reaction and provide additional power for the push-off in the running condition, resulting in no difference in all the kinematics and kinetics parameters between elastic and normal shoes. It seems that the elasticity was not strong enough to create a similar effect, because the contact time and ground reaction forces of running were much quicker and larger than walking and jogging. To summarise, our results indicate that the elastic device in the forefoot region can improve performance in walking and jogging. Further studies are needed to help clarify the bending stiffness for faster movement such as running.
Development of a dosimeter prototype with machine learning based 3-D dose reconstruction capabilities

A 3-D dosimeter fills the need for treatment plan and delivery verification required by every modern radiation-therapy method used today. This report summarizes a proof-of-concept study to develop a water-equivalent solid 3-D dosimeter that is based on novel radiation-hard scintillating material. The active material of the prototype dosimeter is a blend of radiation-hard peroxide-cured polysiloxane plastic doped with scintillating agent P-Terphenyl and wavelength-shifter BisMSB. The prototype detector was tested with 6 MV and 10 MV x-ray beams at Ohio State University’s Comprehensive Cancer Center. A 3-D dose distribution was successfully reconstructed by a neural network specifically trained for this prototype. This report summarizes the material production procedure, the material’s water equivalency investigation, the design of the prototype dosimeter and its beam tests, as well as the details of the utilized machine learning approach and the reconstructed 3-D dose distributions.
Does Receiving Informal Care Lead to Better Health Outcomes? Evidence From China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey

Population aging has become a global challenge. Drawing data from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey 2008, 2011, and 2014, this study examines the effect of informal care receipt on functional limitations and depressive symptoms among older people in China using lagged fixed effects model. Our findings suggest that receiving informal care is significantly associated with a slower functional decline. We also find that this effect varies across different income groups. The protective effect of informal care is more pronounced among older people with higher income compared to those with lower income. We do not observe any significant associations between receiving informal care and depressive symptoms of older people. This study highlights a pressing need for the Chinese government to establish a comprehensive long-term care system.
The Importance of Extended High-Frequency Speech Information in the Recognition of Digits, Words, and Sentences in Quiet and Noise

Objectives: In pure-tone audiometry, hearing thresholds are typically measured up to 8 kHz. Recent research has shown that extended high-frequency (EHF; frequencies >8 kHz) speech information improves speech recognition. However, it is unclear whether the EHF benefit is present for different types of speech material. This study assesses the added value of EHF information for speech recognition in noise for digit triplets, consonant–vowel–consonant (CVC) words, and sentences; and for speech recognition in quiet for CVC. Design: Twenty-four young adults with normal-hearing thresholds up to 16 kHz performed a listening experiment in quiet and in noise in a within-subject repeated measures design. Stimuli were presented monaurally. Steady state speech-shaped noise at a fixed signal to noise ratio was used for measurements in noise. Listening conditions varied only in terms of available EHF information. Stimuli were presented in three different conditions: (1) both speech and noise broadband, (2) speech broadband and noise low-pass filtered at 8 kHz, and (3) both speech and noise low-pass filtered at 8 kHz. In the speech-in-quiet experiment, stimuli (CVC) were high-pass filtered at 3 kHz and presented in two conditions: (1) with EHF information and (2) without EHF information. Results: In the speech-in-noise experiment, for all speech material, the highest scores were achieved in the condition where the noise was low-pass filtered at 8 kHz and speech unfiltered; the lowest scores were obtained in the condition where both speech and noise were low-pass filtered at 8 kHz. Adding speech frequencies above 8 kHz improved the median recognition scores by 75.0%, 21.8%, and 23.8% for digit triplets, words, and sentences, respectively, at a fixed signal to noise ratio. In the speech-in-quiet experiment, median recognition scores were 7.8% higher in the condition where the EHF information was available, as opposed to when it was not. Conclusions: Speech information for frequencies above 8 kHz contributes to speech recognition in noise. It also contributes to speech recognition in quiet when information below 3 kHz is absent. Our results suggest that EHFs may be relevant in challenging listening conditions and should be measured in pure-tone audiometry to get a complete picture of a person’s hearing. Further, results of speech recognition tests may vary when different recording and/or measurement equipment is used with different frequency responses above 8 kHz.
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-ζ1 deletion triggers defective heart morphogenesis in mice and zebrafish

Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-ζ1 (PTPRZ1) is a transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase receptor highly expressed in embryonic stem cells. In the present work, gene expression analyses of Ptprz1−/− and Ptprz1+/+ mice endothelial cells and hearts pointed to an unidentified role of PTPRZ1 in heart development through the regulation of heart-specific transcription factor genes. Echocardiography analysis in mice identified that both systolic and diastolic functions are affected in Ptprz1−/− compared with Ptprz1+/+ hearts, based on a dilated left ventricular (LV) cavity, decreased ejection fraction and fraction shortening, and increased angiogenesis in Ptprz1−/− hearts, with no signs of cardiac hypertrophy. A zebrafish ptprz1−/− knockout was also generated and exhibited misregulated expression of developmental cardiac markers, bradycardia, and defective heart morphogenesis characterized by enlarged ventricles and defected contractility. A selective PTPRZ1 tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor affected zebrafish heart development and function in a way like what is observed in the ptprz1−/− zebrafish. The same inhibitor had no effect in the function of the adult zebrafish heart, suggesting that PTPRZ1 is not important for the adult heart function, in line with data from the human cell atlas showing very low to negligible PTPRZ1 expression in the adult human heart. However, in line with the animal models, Ptprz1 was expressed in many different cell types in the human fetal heart, such as valvar, fibroblast-like, cardiomyocytes, and endothelial cells. Collectively, these data suggest that PTPRZ1 regulates cardiac morphogenesis in a way that subsequently affects heart function and warrant further studies for the involvement of PTPRZ1 in idiopathic congenital cardiac pathologies. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor ζ1 (PTPRZ1) is expressed in fetal but not adult heart and seems to affect heart development. In both mouse and zebrafish animal models, loss of PTPRZ1 results in dilated left ventricle cavity, decreased ejection fraction, and fraction shortening, with no signs of cardiac hypertrophy. PTPRZ1 also seems to be involved in atrioventricular canal specification, outflow tract morphogenesis, and heart angiogenesis. These results suggest that PTPRZ1 plays a role in heart development and support the hypothesis that it may be involved in congenital cardiac pathologies.
GREEN LUXURY: A CASE STUDY OF TWO GREEN HOTELS

ABSTRACT The hotel industry is beginning to implement green design and construction practices, saving energy, water, and resources and thus helping to preserve the environment. In addition, green building practices also can provide healthy and comfortable indoor environments to hotel occupants including guests and employees. However, there is the potential for conflict between green building practices and hotel guests' satisfaction and comfort, as the conservation of resources could detract from the quality of a guest's visitor experience. This study adopted a case study approach to identify and analyze green design and construction practices that create a green and luxurious environment without damaging the hotels' financial position. An in-depth literature review was conducted to identify green design and construction practices, design features of premium hotels, and major design conflicts between the twin goals of green building and a luxurious hotel environment. Two LEED platinum hotels (the Proximity.
Biofilm Production by Uropathogens in Postmenopausal Women with Recurrent and Isolated Urinary Tract Infection

Objectives The aims of this study were to assess the in vitro biofilm-producing capabilities of uropathogens grown from a postmenopausal urogynecologic population with isolated and recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and to determine whether the biofilm-producing bacterial phenotype was associated with recurrent infection. Methods This was an institutional review board–approved cross-sectional analysis within a large academic referral center. Uropathogens were cultured from postmenopausal women with either isolated or recurrent acute UTI and then screened for in vitro biofilm formation using crystal violet microtiter assays. Demographic and clinical variables, including pelvic floor symptoms and surgical history were collected and analyzed. A multivariate model was developed to determine whether recurrent UTI was independently associated with biofilm production. Results Eighty-nine women were included: 67.4% White, 25.8% Black, 3.4% Asian, and 1.1% Hispanic with a mean age of 72 ± 10.5 years. Ninety-five uropathogen strains were isolated. Most uropathogens produced biofilm (n = 53, 55.8%). Uropathogens from women with recurrent UTI were significantly more likely to produce biofilm (70%) than uropathogens collected from women with isolated UTI (38.6%, P = 0.0033). Adjusting for age, prior pelvic reconstructive surgery, and body mass index, recurrent UTI bacteria were more likely to produce biofilm, compared with isolated UTI (odds ratio, 5.37; 95% confidence interval, 2.0–14.4; P = 0.001). Conclusions In this cohort of postmenopausal urogynecology patients, in vitro biofilm formation was more frequently observed in uropathogens isolated from women with recurrent UTI compared with women with isolated UTI. Further study is needed to assess the role of biofilms in recurrent UTIs in postmenopausal women.
Highly immunogenic cancer cells require activation of the WNT pathway for immunological escape

Description Activation of the WNT pathway allows highly immunogenic cancer cells to escape antitumor immunity and induce cancer progression. WNT signaling allows cancer escape Despite the efficacy of anti–PD-1 in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), many patients with high tumor mutation burden (TMB), but low T cell infiltration into tumors, become resistant. Here, Takeuchi et al. used TCGA, transcriptomics, and mouse modeling to uncover the mechanism behind poorer immune responses in high TMB NSCLC tumors. NSCLC tumors with high TMB had poorer responses to anti–PD-1 compared with low TMB tumors. High TMB tumors had increased WNT/β-catenin signaling, which modulated chemokine ligand expression and subsequent immune cell influx. Blocking WNT/β-catenin signaling rescued the effects of anti–PD-1 in high TMB tumors, leading to tumor clearance. Together, these data uncover a mechanism behind low immune cell influx in high TMB NSCLC tumors, offering a therapeutic solution to anti–PD-1 resistance. PD-1 blockade exerts antitumor effects by reinvigorating tumor antigen–specific CD8+ T cells. Whereas neoantigens arising from gene alterations in cancer cells comprise critical tumor antigens in antitumor immunity, a subset of non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) harboring substantial tumor mutation burden (TMB) lack CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which results in resistance to PD-1 blockade therapy. To overcome this resistance, clarifying the mechanism(s) impairing antitumor immunity in highly mutated NSCLCs is an urgent issue. Here, we showed that activation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway contributed to the development of a noninflamed TME in tumors with high TMB. NSCLCs that lacked immune cell infiltration into the TME despite high TMB preferentially up-regulated the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Immunologic assays revealed that those patients harbored neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood but not in the TME, suggesting impaired T cell infiltration into the TME due to the activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling. In our animal models, the accumulation of gene mutations in cancer cells increased CD8+ T cell infiltration into the TME, thus slowing tumor growth. However, further accumulation of gene mutations blunted antitumor immunity by excluding CD8+ T cells from tumors in a WNT/β-catenin signaling-dependent manner. Combined treatment with PD-1 blockade and WNT/β-catenin signaling inhibitors induced better antitumor immunity than either treatment alone. Thus, we propose a mechanism-oriented combination therapy whereby immune checkpoint inhibitors can be combined with drugs that target cell-intrinsic oncogenic signaling pathways involved in tumor immune escape.
Reducing Unhealthy Normative Behavior: The Case of Sports and Energy Drinks

American adolescents consume more sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) than any other age group. Sports and energy drinks consumption among adolescents is higher than other SSBs. For sports drinks, there is uncertainty about their “healthiness” and also beliefs that these drinks may provide health benefits such as hydration, enhanced athletic performance, heightened mental alertness, and rapid recovery after exercise. Confusion about relative healthiness and expectations of health benefits suggest that factors that may encourage youth to avoid drinking sports and energy drinks, such as athletic status, psychological reactance, and SSB media literacy, may necessitate different approaches to promoting avoidance of sports drinks compared with avoidance of energy drinks. Using a nationally representative U.S. probability-based web panel augmented by a volunteer nonprobability-based web panel of 500 adolescent participants aged 14 to 18 years, we used the reasoned action approach to model intention to avoid sports and to avoid energy drinks. The result show there are similarities and differences in the determinants associated with adolescents’ avoidance of sports and energy drinks: attitudes and descriptive normative pressure are both related to increased avoidance for both types of drinks and perceived control over the avoidance behavior is positively associated for with intention to avoid for energy drinks. Sport identification, psychological reactance, and SSB media literacy also play a different role in the sports and energy drink models. Based on our results, the content of prevention messages in interventions to limit sports drinks will need to be quite different from those targeted at reducing energy drink consumption.
Sexual diversification of splicing regulation during embryonic development in honeybees (Apis mellifera), A haplodiploid system

The honeybee is a haplodiploid organism in which sexual development is determined by the complementary sex determiner (csd) gene and realized by sex‐specific splicing processes involving the feminizer (fem) gene. We used high throughput transcriptome sequencing (RNA‐Seq) to characterize the transcriptional differences between the sexes caused by the fertilization and sex determination processes in honeybee (Apis mellifera) embryos. We identified 758, 372 and 43 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 58, 176 and 233 differentially spliced genes (DSGs) in 10–15‐h‐old, 25–40‐h‐old and 55–70‐h‐old female and male embryos, respectively. The early difference in male and female embryos in response to the fertilization and non‐fertilization processes resulted mainly in differential expression of genes (758 DEGs vs. 58 DSGs). In the latest sampled embryonic stage, the transcriptional differences between the sexes were dominated by alternative splicing of transcripts (43 DEGs vs. 233 DSGs). Interestingly, differentially spliced transcripts that encode RNA‐binding properties were overrepresented in 55–70‐h‐old embryos, indicating a more diverse regulation via alternative splicing than previous work on the sex determination pathway suggested. These stage‐ and sex‐specific transcriptome data from honeybee embryos provide a comprehensive resource for examining the roles of fertilization and sex determination in developmental programming in a haplodiploid system.
Understanding the Adoption of Project Management in Serbian Organizations: Insights from an Exploratory Study

The article contributes to our understanding of the drivers behind, and the nature of, project management implementation in the complex context of a transitional economy. Relevant insights are generated through an integrated and dynamic analysis of interviews and secondary data from a sample of local organizations, based on a conceptual model of strategic transformation. The analysis concludes with propositions about how both adoption of and resistance to project management implementation in the region could be understood from a strategic point of view, taking into account complex and dissonant circumstances of transition, history, cultural tradition, embedded social values, and identities of individual organizational members.
Using Neural Networks to Detect and Classify Out‐of‐control Signals in Autocorrelated Processes

This paper presents an artificial neural network model for detecting and classifying three types of non‐random disturbances referred to as level shift, additive outlier and innovational outlier which are common in autocorrelated processes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a neural network has been considered for simultaneous detection and classification of such non‐random disturbances. An AR (1) model is considered to characterize the quality characteristic of interest in a continuous process where autocorrelated observations are generated over time. The performance of the proposed procedure is evaluated through the use of a numerical example. Preliminary results indicate that the procedure can be used effectively to detect and classify unusual shocks in autocorrelated processes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiclass Sparse Centroids With Application to Fast Time Series Classification

In this article, we propose an efficient multiclass classification scheme based on sparse centroids classifiers. The proposed strategy exhibits linear complexity with respect to both the number of classes and the cardinality of the feature space. The classifier we introduce is based on binary space partitioning, performed by a decision tree where the assignation law at each node is defined via a sparse centroid classifier. We apply the presented strategy to the time series classification problem, showing by experimental evidence that it achieves performance comparable to that of state-of-the-art methods, but with a significantly lower classification time. The proposed technique can be an effective option in resource-constrained environments where the classification time and the computational cost are critical or, in scenarios, where real-time classification is necessary.