Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Proximate Compositions and Lipid Component in Cultured and Wild Mackerel Scomber japonicus Muscles

Proximate compositions and fatty acid profiles of cultured and wild mackerel (Scomber japonicus) muscles were compared. Protein content ranged from approximately 16% to 18% and was higher in wild fish than in cultured ones. Lipid content was between two to four times higher in large and small cultured fish (20.1-20.5%) compared with same sized wild fish. The prominent non-polar lipid (NL) class in fish muscles was triglyceride, and additionally, free sterol was among the prominent NL classes in wild fish muscles. Prominent phospholipid (PL) classes in cultured and wild fish muscles were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, with the former being higher in cultured fish and the latter higher in wild fish. Prominent fatty acids of total lipid were 16:0, 18:1n-9, 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), 16:1n-7, 18:0 and 14:0, while 18:2n-6 was among the prominent fatty acids in cultured fish. The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, DHA+EPA) content (in mg/100 g of muscle tissue) was higher in cultured fish (2,711 mg in large fish and 2,572 mg in small fish) than in wild fish (2,431 mg in large fish and 1,398 mg in small fish). In conclusion, we have been able to demonstrate that cultured mackerel could also be a good sources of n-3 PUFA, such as DHA and EPA.
Optimization Process Protein Synthesis Culture in Five Alfalfa

The paper purposes is explore the forefront information of a large-scale protein production from alfalfa cells. With five varieties alfalfa, seleted the highest cell medium from callus . and detected the biomass and protein content in cell grows from different nitrogen source and sucrose concentration. Rusult is the highest protein in 12th -18th days of grows. There are different protein content in different nitrogen source (from Fig.2) and in different sucrose concentration range medium(from Fig.3). Conclusion is obtained the protein from alfalfal cells that is possibally.
Differential Assay of Human Pancreatic and Salivary α-Amylases with p-Nitrophenyl 65-O-β-D-Galacopyraosyl-α-maltopentaoside as the Substrate

p-Nitrophenyl 65-O-β-D-galactopyraosyl-α-maltopentaoside (L6G5P) was synthesized by the sequential use of the transglycosylation and hydrolytic action of β-D-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. The enzyme produced L6G5P (at a yield of 8.0% based on the amount of p-nitrophenyl α-maltopentaoside added) from lactose as the donor and p-nitrophenyl α-maltopentaoside as the acceptor. The frequency at which of human pancreatic α-amylase and salivary α-amylase catalyzed the cleavage of glycosidic linkages in L6G5P was calculated by analysis of the digests by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The modes of action of the two isozymes differed. Both hydrolyzed L6G5P and produced p-nitrophenyl α-maltoside and p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside, but human pancreatic α-amylase produced more of the latter than human salivary α-amylase. Thus, L6G5P could be used to assay of the two enzymes differentially in serum.
Clonal nature of gynogenetically induced progeny of triploid (diploid × tetraploid) loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (pisces: cobitididae)

In the loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, triploid fish, which had been produced by hybridizations between normal diploid females and natural tetraploid males, laid mature hexaploid (triploid egg nucleus + triploid polar body nucleus) eggs of large size as well as diploid (haploid egg nucleus + haploid polar body nucleus) eggs of small size. Gynogenetic triploidy was artificially induced by activating the large eggs with UV-irradiated spermatozoa. Gynogenetic hexaploidy was also generated by blocking the polar body release with pressure shock after induction of gynogenesis. Unexpected mosaics and pentaploid gynogens were infrequently observed in these crosses. Most triploid and all hexaploid gynogens from each triploid female demonstrated absolutely identical DNA fingerprints, suggesting clonal nature among the mature large eggs of each female. However, a small number of triploid gynogens were aclonal with slightly different DNA fingerprints. These results indicate that triploid loach generate viable large eggs which are genetically identical or highly similar to the somatic cells. J. Exp. Zool. 278:412–421, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Habitat Quality, Social Dominance and Dawn Chorus Song Output in Black-Capped Chickadees

Individuals that settle in poor habitats may reduce resource investments in various life history traits; for example, resources may be withheld from costly advertisement signals. There may be geographic variation in advertisement levels that correspond with habitat quality; however, this is poorly documented and it is unclear whether such habitat effects have consequences for the function of mate-choice signals within habitats. We examined song output of male black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) during the dawn chorus in two contrasting habitats (mature forest vs. young forest) known to differ in quality. Dominance rank is indicative of phenotypic quality in this species and was assessed during the preceding winter. We measured the song output of males participating in the dawn chorus during the nesting/egg laying period. Males living in young forest had reduced song output; however, a habitat-rank interaction term showed that dominant birds accounted for most of this difference. This suggests that signal reliability might be lost in poor habitats. We generate several hypotheses to explain these findings.
Hypothemycin production and its derivatives diversifying of Aigialus parvus BCC 5311 influenced by cultural condition

Many metabolites produced by various microorganisms have proven their usefulness in the area concerning human health. However, most of their diverse natural compound biosyntheses are hardly discovered. These metabolites might have specific or novel functions and these diverse active compounds can be achieved by biosynthesis, semi-biosynthesis, or chemical synthesis. A strategy to exploit the biosynthesis potential of a fungal strain is to use various culture conditions and to evaluate the chemical profiles of the culture extracts. The value of this approach was demonstrated with the fungal strain Aigialus parvus BCC 5311, producer of hypothemycin, aigialospirol, and aigialomycin A-D. The optimization of hypothemycin production and its derivative diversity by Aigialus parvus BCC 5311 was carried out using qualitative (general factorial design) and quantitative analysis (two-level fractional factorial design). Qualitative analysis revealed that soluble starch and yeast extract were shown to be the best carbon and nitrogen source respectively for the production of hypothemycin, aigialospirol and aigialomycin A-D. Quantitative analysis showed that the initial pH of culture medium is the most important factor that affects the production of hypothemycin and its derivatives (aigialospirol and aigialomycin A-D) production. Optimal medium composition used in a 5 L bioreactor generated a specific growth rate of A. parvus BCC 5311 of 0.0295 h-1, biomass yield of 1.6 g×gstarch-1, hypothemycin yield of 13.6 mg×gbiomass-1, and hypothemycin production rate of 0.6 mg×L-1×day-1. The maximum concentration of 58.0 mg×L-1 of hypothemycin was obtained at 120 h of culturing. Furthermore, the Aigialomycin A-D and Aigialospirol obtained were diversified towards various cultural conditions used. The high amount of hypothemycin produced and the diversity of derivatives obtained from this study should be useful for future mass production.
Bystander effect and adaptive response in C3H 10T½ cells

Purpose: To address the relationship between the bystander effect and the adaptive response that can compete to impact on the dose–response curve at low doses. Materials and methods: A novel radiation apparatus, where targeted and non‐targeted cells were grown in close proximity, was used to investigate these phenomena in C3H 10T½ cells. It was further examined whether a bystander effect or an adaptive response could be induced by a factor(s) present in the supernatants of cells exposed to a high or low dose of X‐rays, respectively. Results: When non‐hit cells were co‐cultured for 24 h with cells irradiated with 5 Gy α‐particles, a significant increase in both cell killing and oncogenic transformation frequency was observed. If these cells were treated with 2 cGy X‐rays 5 h before co‐culture with irradiated cells, approximately 95% of the bystander effect was cancelled out. A 2.5‐fold decrease in the oncogenic transformation frequency was also observed. When cells were cultured in medium donated from cells exposed to 5 Gy X‐rays, a significant bystander effect was observed for clonogenic survival. When cells were cultured for 5 h with supernatant from donor cells exposed to 2 cGy and were then irradiated with 4 Gy X‐rays, they failed to show an increase in survival compared with cells directly irradiated with 4 Gy. However, a twofold reduction in the oncogenic transformation frequency was seen. Conclusions: An adaptive dose of X‐rays cancelled out the majority of the bystander effect produced by α‐particles. For oncogenic transformation, but not cell survival, radioadaption can occur in unirradiated cells via a transmissible factor(s).
A new look at the Lake Superior biomass size spectrum

We synthesized data from multiple sampling programs and years to describe the Lake Superior pelagic biomass size structure. Data consisted of Coulter counts for phytoplankton, optical plankton counts for zooplankton, and acoustic surveys for pelagic prey fish. The size spectrum was stable across two time periods separated by 5 years. The primary scaling or overall slope of the normalized biomass size spectra for the combined years was −1.113, consistent with a previous estimate for Lake Superior (−1.10). Periodic dome structures within the overall biomass size structure were fit to polynomial regressions based on the observed sub-domes within the classical taxonomic positions (algae, zooplankton, and fish). This interpretation of periodic dome delineation was aligned more closely with predator–prey size relationships that exist within the zooplankton (herbivorous, predacious) and fish (planktivorous, piscivorous) taxonomic positions. Domes were spaced approximately every 3.78 log10 units along the axis an.
How many species are there of Pachyiulus? A contribution to the taxonomy of Europe's largest millipedes (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae)

This paper is a contribution to the discussion about species limits in the millipede genus Pachyiulus Berlese, 1883. Colour, body size, morphology, anamorphosis and DNA sequences of two morphotypes are compared, leading to the conclusion that Pachyiulus oenologus (Berlese, 1885) and Pachyiulus flavipes (C.L. Koch, 1847) are distinct species although they were previously synonymized under Pachyiulus varius (Fabricius, 1781). The identity of P. varius is discussed, and a new record of P. apfelbecki Verhoeff, 1901, is presented.
A Review of Assessing the Economic Impact of Business Tourism: Issues and Approaches

Business tourism has become an important economic sector in many parts of the world, and many regions, states, and local areas have identified expenditures by business tourists as a potential source of economic growth. Because their spending can contribute to the local economy, many communities seek to enhance business tourism and business tourists-oriented activities. A wide variety of parties are interested for economic impact estimation of business tourism. The current research identifies key considerations and issues that affect and are serious to reliable estimates of the economic impacts of business events and business tourism.
Phenotypic plasticity of Vermetidae suspension feeding: a potential bias in their use as Biological Sea-Level Indicators

Some organisms represent useful Biological Sea-Level Indicators (Bio SLI) thanks to their constant position relative to sea level and allow the reconstruction of past sea level changes. The sessile gastropods Vermetidae are among the most used indicators, since their shells often resist time averaging and can be easily dated with 14C. However, all these vermetids have a level of precision (± 0.5–1 m), obtained from data on the Mediterranean Dendropoma petraeum (Monterosato, 1884). We found a certain degree of plasticity in this species; it can also live subtidally, not in correspondence with the main sea level, where it feeds adopting a mixed feeding strategy. Considering this variability and the almost complete lack of knowledge for other Bio SLI vermetids, it appears clear that a common value of precision cannot be maintained and the precision of other vermetid species remains to be tested.
Coefficient of parentage and cluster analysis of North American dry bean cultivars

Archaeological, morphological, and biochemical data suggest that common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was domesticated separately in South America and Central America. Variation in seed size, shape, and color is common in both centers of domestication and has been maintained as market classes. Despite extensive global transport, market classes have remained distinct. Although variation has been measured in genotypes from the two centers of domestication, the inter- and intra-market class genetic diversity among North American dry bean cultivars is generally unknown (.)
GROWTH OF FOUR RACES OF PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS (MONT.) DE BARY IN SYNTHETIC MEDIA

A basal medium is described containing three inorganic salts, dextrose, asparagine and thiamine, that supported the growth of races 1,2 and 1,2,3 of Phytophthora infestans, but not that of races 0 and 1. The medium supported growth of races 0 and 1 when peptone was added, but not when 24 other nitrogen sources were added singly. The addition of any one of 24 carbon sources failed to promote growth of race 1. None of 12 vitamins tested promoted the growth of all four races. However, one of the vitamins, ascorbic acid, and another reducing compound, sodium thioglycollate, promoted growth of races 0 and 1. A number of organic nitrogen compounds were utilized by races 1,2 and 1,2,3 but others, along with ammonium and nitrate salts, were not. Races 1,2 and 1,2,3 differed in their ability to utilize lysine and norleucine, and several nitrogen sources inhibited growth of both races. The best carbon sources for the growth of races 1,2 and 1,2,3 were dextrose, fructose, sucrose and glycerol.
Re-evaluation of the Lysine Requirement of the Commercial Laying Hen in a Corn-Soybean Meal Diet

Abstract Faria, D.E. , Harms, R.H. , Antar, R.S. and Russell, G.B. 2003. Re-evaluation of the lysine requirement of the commercial laying hen in a corn-soybean meal diet. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 23: 161–174. Two experiments were conducted with Hy-Line W56® hens to evaluate their Lys requirement in a corn-soybean meal diet. Eight experimental diets were used in each experiment with graded levels of Lys: 0.76, 0.72, 0.68, 0.64, 0.60, 0.56, 0.52, 0.48per cent and 0.80, 0.76, 0.72, 0.68, 0.64, 0.60, 0.56, 0.52 per cent for Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Supplemental amino acids (AA) were added to all diets to ensure that Lys was the first-limiting AA. Egg production (EP), egg content (EC) and daily Lys intake were significantly increased with increasing dietary Lys levels. Broken-line regression indicated a daily Lys requirement of 633.1 and 642.9 mgper hen per d in Experiment 1 and of 606.5 and 606.6 mg per hen per d in Experiment 2 for EP and EC, respectively. The Lys requirements to produce a g of EC were 13.35 and 13.20 mg in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively.
Prognostic Significance of Promoter DNA Hypermethylation of cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO1) Gene in Primary Breast Cancer

Using pharmacological unmasking microarray, we identified promoter DNA methylation of cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO1) gene in human cancer. In this study, we assessed the clinicopathological significance of CDO1 methylation in primary breast cancer (BC) with no prior chemotherapy. The CDO1 DNA methylation was quantified by TaqMan methylation specific PCR (Q-MSP) in 7 BC cell lines and 172 primary BC patients with no prior chemotherapy. Promoter DNA of the CDO1 gene was hypermethylated in 6 BC cell lines except SK-BR3, and CDO1 gene expression was all silenced at mRNA level in the 7 BC cell lines. Quantification of CDO1 methylation was developed using Q-MSP, and assessed in primary BC. Among the clinicopathologic factors, CDO1 methylation level was not statistically significantly associated with any prognostic factors. The log-rank plot analysis elucidated that the higher methylation the tumors harbored, the poorer prognosis the patients exhibited. Using the median value of 58.0 as a cut-off one, disease specific survival in BC patients with CDO1 hypermethylation showed significantly poorer prognosis than those with hypomethylation (p = 0.004). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model identified that CDO1 hypermethylation was prognostic factor as well as Ki-67 and hormone receptor status. The most intriguingly, CDO1 hypermethylation was of robust prognostic relevance in triple negative BC (p = 0.007). Promoter DNA methylation of CDO1 gene was robust prognostic indicator in primary BC patients with no prior chemotherapy. Prognostic relevance of the CDO1 promoter DNA methylation is worthy of being paid attention in triple negative BC cancer.
Alterations of Gene Expression in Sulfur Mustard‐Exposed Skin Topically Treated with Vanilloids

Sulfur mustard [bis(2‐chloroethyl)sulfide, SM] is a chemical warfare agent that penetrates the skin rapidly and causes extensive blistering. Using the mouse ear vesicant model (MEVM), we evaluated the effect of topically applied anti‐inflammatory agents (octyl homovanillamide and heptyl isovanillamide) on ear edema formation and gene expression following SM exposure. Relative ear weight and real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of GM‐CSF, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 were used to evaluate the effects of octyl homovanillamide and heptyl isovanillamide. Both vanilloids significantly reduced SM‐induced edema. At the single dose and number of animals/group tested, octyl homovanillamide produced a trend of reduced mRNA levels; however, the reduction was not significant for GM‐CSF, IL‐1β, or IL‐6. Heptyl isovanillamide significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) GM‐CSF, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 mRNA levels. These results show that octyl homovanillamide and heptyl isovanillamide reduce skin edema and heptyl isovanillamide significantly reduced cytokine mRNA expression following SM exposure. In addition to measuring edema formation, monitoring expression of biomarkers such as GM‐CSF, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 may also serve to evaluate therapeutic treatments against SM‐induced dermal injury.
Immunochemical properties of bilirubin linked to IgG in human serum

Polyclonal IgGがビリルビンと結合したきわめて希な症例を見いだし検討を加えた. ビリルビン-IgG複合体は, 強酸, 2-ME処理, Triton X-100処理などでもその結合は解離せず, Michaelsson 変法によるビリルビンの測定で総ビリルビンの方が直接ビリルビンよりも低値であるという矛盾した結果が示された. ステロイド療法によりビリルビン-IgG複合体は1週間で消失し, ビリルビン測定でも総/直接比の逆転はみられなくなり, しかもステロイド療法を中止すると同様な臨床症状, 検査異常が認められた. ステロイドによる解離実験ではその結合の一部に解離を認めた. 回復期のIgGを用いた再構成実験では, 酸処理後ビリルビンと結合できるようになりIgGと結合した間接ビリルビンのほとんどは直接ビリルビンとして測定されてしまうことが確認された. 現在のビリルビン測定法の重大な問題点と思われる.
Host specificity of some wood-inhabiting fungi in a tropical forest

Abstract Sporocarps of 82 species of poroid and stereoid wood-inhabiting fungi (Aphyllophorales) were recorded on 44 tree species in a Neotropical dry forest, Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica. Only three of the 32 species with 3 or more records showed signs of host tree specialization. For the others, number of host species increased with increasing number of colonized logs. The results support the assumption that most wood rotting fungi have broad host ranges in tropical areas.
Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus-like organisms isolated from a recreational sea beach on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea as one of the consequences of anthropogenic pressure

Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus-like organisms (STLO) isolated from a recreational sea beach located on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea was studied. The results of the present study showed that STLO inhabiting sand and seawater of the beach strongly differed in the resistance level to tested antibiotics. These microorganisms were most resistant to ampicillin, penicillin, oxytetracycline and susceptible to gentamicin, neomycin and streptomycin. Moreover, the level of antibiotic resistance among bacteria isolated from different parts of the beach also differed. Bacteria inhabiting the seawater, shoreline and the middle part of the beach were more antibiotic-resistant than bacteria isolated from the dune. The majority of bacteria inhabiting the seawater and sand were resistant to 3–8 antibiotics out of 12 tested in this study. Generally, there was no difference in antibiotic resistance between Staphylococcus-like organisms isolated from the surface and subsurface sand layers. STLO strains isolated from Ustka Beach were most resistant to β-lactam and tetracycline antibiotics, and most susceptible to aminoglycosides.
Isolation and Identification of Colletotrichum musae from Imported Bananas

Colletotrichum musae was isolated from dark-brown anthracnose lesions on commercial banana (Musa sapientum L.) to establish the causal agent of the symptom. The fungus grew fast and produced white aerial mycelium on PDA. Acervuli developed abundantly on culture plates after incubation for 10 days at . Pinkish conidial masses were produced on the acervuli, which mostly coalesced together, Conidia were aseptate, hyaline, straight, ellipsoid to globose, and 14.56. 9 in size. Black, clavate, round, or irregular-shaped appressoria measuring 8.86. 8 were readily formed from germ tubes. Setae-like structures were not found either on the lesion or on the cultures. Sclerotia were also absent. Among the media, PDA medium was the best for mycelial growth. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was , while the optimum pH ranged from pH 5.5 to 6.5. The isolates of C musae caused black necrotic lesions on banana fruits by needle-wound inoculation, and orange-colored spore masses were produced on the lesions. The fungus also caused discoloration on apple fruits inoculated.
Leaf Ultrastructure of Peperomia obtusifolia, P. camptotricha, and P. scandens

Three parenchyma tissues are arranged in separate periclinal layers in the leaves of Peperomia obtusifolia, P. camptotricha, and P. scandens. A transparent, multiple epidermis is situated on the adaxial side of the leaf and has large, tightly packed cells containing mostly starch-filled chloroplasts. A median (palisade) mesophyll, situated between the multiple epidermis and an abaxial spongy mesophyll, has small, moderately packed cells. Chloroplasts occupy a large volume of the median mesophyll cells and contain little starch but extensive thylakoid membranes with numerous, highly stacked grana. A spongy mesophyll is situated on the abaxial side of the leaf and has cells much larger than those in the median mesophyll. The spongy mesophyll chloroplasts contain mostly starch, and the thylakoid membranes have fewer, less stacked grana than those in the median mesophyll. The cellular ultrastructure of each tissue type is similar among these species, indicating a specialized function for each tissue. However, differences in leaf anatomy among species may be correlated with previously reported differences in their diurnal patterns of gas exchange and organic acid fluctuation.
Sensitivity of Radar Wave Propagation Power to the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer

mU Upper Refractivity Gradient 0-0.4 M/m Atmosphere Parameters Ocean Parameters Designers of radar use long term averages of meteorological conditions to assess system performance, but instantaneous conditions like strong moisture gradients, land breezes, and fronts can cause unpredictable propagation phenomena, such as ducts. To better understand the relative importance of these effects, this study aims to quantify the sensitivity of propagation power to environmental parameters.