Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ST ] 1 3 Ju l 2 01 8 Submitted to the Annals of Statistics OPTIMALITY AND SUB-OPTIMALITY OF PCA I : SPIKED RANDOM MATRIX MODELS By

A central problem of random matrix theory is to understand the eigenvalues of spiked random matrix models, introduced by Johnstone, in which a prominent eigenvector (or “spike”) is planted into a random matrix. These distributions form natural statistical models for principal component analysis (PCA) problems throughout the sciences. Baik, Ben Arous and Péché showed that the spiked Wishart ensemble exhibits a sharp phase transition asymptotically: when the spike strength is above a critical threshold, it is possible to detect the presence of a spike based on the top eigenvalue, and below the threshold the top eigenvalue provides no information. Such results form the basis of our understanding of when PCA can detect a low-rank signal in the presence of noise. However, under structural assumptions on the spike, not all information is necessarily contained in the spectrum. We study the statistical limits of tests for the presence of a spike, including non-spectral tests. Our results leverage Le Cam’s notion of contiguity, and include: i) For the Gaussian Wigner ensemble, we show that PCA achieves the optimal detection threshold for certain natural priors for the spike. ii) For any non-Gaussian Wigner ensemble, PCA is sub-optimal for detection. However, an efficient variant of PCA achieves the optimal threshold (for natural priors) by pre-transforming the matrix entries. iii) For the Gaussian Wishart ensemble, the PCA threshold is optimal for positive spikes (for natural priors) but this is not always the case for negative spikes.
Identification of Candida glabrata and Candida parapsilosis strains by polymerase chain reaction assay using RPS0 gene fragment

Two Candida species were identified by the amplification of the RPS0 gene intron fragment. For this, two pairs of primers were used in PCR analysis performed with genomic DNA of clinical isolates of Candida. The primers designed are highly specific for their respective species and produce amplicons of the expected sizes and fail to amplify any DNA fragment from the other species tested. For Candida glabrata, the size of the amplicon was 406 and 150 bp for C. parapsilosis. The designed primers were able to amplify all C. glabrata isolates. One of three C. parapsilosis strains was confirmed as C. orthopsilosis, when we used the designed oligonucleotides. The used primers cannot amplify the other Candida species such as C. albicans. These results indicate that sequences of intron genes can be useful to specifically identify Candida strains by PCR. This molecular identification will be considered as an early identification of Candida species responsible for all candidiasis. Key words: Candida glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, PCR- identification, RPS0 intron.
Urban growth pattern identification : a case study in Siem Reap, Cambodia

The main purpose of this paper is to identify the pattern of urban growth from 1993 to 2011 in Siem reap town, Cambodia. Land use and land cover maps were generated from Landsat TM imageries from different years in order to extract the information related to urban sprawl. The settlement pattern theory, geographic pattern analysis and visualisation interpretation were used to detect the pattern of urban growth in Siem Reap. Result shows that from 1993 to 2011 the urban area grew significantly, about 102.51%. The development of core settlement areas in Siem Reap revealed to be concentrated along main roads and along the river in the past and still keeping the same trend in the present. The current pattern of urban settlement in Siem Reap was classified as clustered and linear, following the roads network.
The interactive effects of alcohol cravings, cue reactivity, and urgency on college student problematic drinking

Karyadi, Kenny Ananda M.S., Purdue University, May 2013. The Interactive Effects of Alcohol Cravings, Cue Reactivity, and Urgency on College Student Problematic Drinking. Major Professor: Melissa A. Cyders. Prior research indicated a high prevalence of problematic drinking among college students, suggesting a need for more effective screening approaches and treatments. The tendency to act rashly in face of strong emotions (e.g. positive and negative urgency), alcohol cravings, and cue reactivity all have been associated with problematic alcohol use. However, no studies have examined the interactive effects of alcohol cravings, urgency, and cue reactivity. I hypothesized that alcohol cravings will be associated with greater problematic drinking among individuals with higher levels of (1) urgency, (2) cue reactivity, and (3) cue reactivity and urgency. Data were collected from a sample (final n = 240) of college students through a survey, which consisted of measures of urgency, problematic drinking, and alcohol cravings. On the survey, participants were also exposed to alcohol and non-alcohol pictures, after which they assessed their level of cue reactivity. Results were examined using multiple regression and simple slope analyses. Results provided partial support for our hypotheses. Alcohol cravings were associated with greater problematic drinking at lower levels of negative urgency (b = 7.36, p< 0.001). Furthermore, alcohol cravings were most strongly associated with problematic
Genome-wide association study identifies a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia in Han Chinese at 11 p 11 . 2

To identify susceptibility loci for schizophrenia, we performed a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) of schizophrenia in the Han Chinese population (GWAS: 746 individuals with schizophrenia and ,599 healthy controls; validation: 4,027 individuals with schizophrenia and 5,603 healthy controls). We identified two susceptibility loci for schizophrenia at 6p2 -p22. (rs 2337 0 in an intron of ZKSCAN4, Pcombined = 4.76 × 0− , odds ratio (OR) = 0.79; rs 635 in an exon of NKAPL, Pcombined = 6.9 × 0− 2, OR = 0.78; rs2 4273 in an intron of PGBD1, Pcombined = 5. 4 × 0− 0, OR = 0.79) and p . 2 (rs 038 67 near the 5′ UTR of TSPAN18, Pcombined = .09 × 0− , OR = .29; rs 038 72, Pcombined = 7.2 × 0− 0, OR = .25; rs835784, Pcombined = 2.73 × 0− , OR = .27). These results add to previous evidence of susceptibility loci for schizophrenia at 6p2 -p22. in the Han Chinese population. We found that NKAPL and ZKSCAN4 were expressed in postnatal day 0 (P0) mouse brain. These findings may lead to new insights into the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
A quasioptical SIS receiver with normal metal tuning for the 800-900 GHz band

The receiver employs the well established design of using a diffraction limited substrate-lens made of crystalline quartz fed by a double-slot antenna to couple to the incoming radiation [1]-[3]. In contrast to the design variant using silicon as lens material [4], our antenna configuration includes a moveable reflecting backplane to avoid losses due to the backward radiation into the vacuum side. Without backplane these losses would be higher as compared to silicon due to the lower refractive index of the quartz dielectric; on the other hand for the silicon lens an antireflection coating usually has to be applied to reduce the higher reflection loss of the silicon lens. Currently we use no antireflection coating on the quartz lens. A schematic drawing of our optical setup is shown in Fig. 1. It was designed using a theoretical method developed by Prof. V. Hansen and his group [5], which gives the antenna's impedance and its radiation characteristic into a dielectric half space. Results from the calculation of the double-slot input impedance versus reflector distance are shown in Fig. 2. The extended hyperhemispherical lens was shown to provide good quality amplitude and phase patterns by scaled measurements at microwave frequencies [6].
On the plasma induced degradation of organosilicate glass (OSG) as an interlevel dielectric for sub 90 nm CMOS

List of Tables Table 1. (a) Shows how each wafer was processed and (b) describes the detailed ash steps. Table 2. OSG Pilot Wafer Processing Table 3. Thickness loss Dielectric Constant Results Table 4. Tabulated XPS data where OSG3 wafers 2-12 are compared to control wafer 1 and OSG4 wafers 14-24 are compared to control wafer 13. Table 5. DSIMS Experimental Conditions Table 6. Average atomic content of depth profile calculated relative to control wafers 1 and 13. Table 7. Treatment combinations for DD chip
Trio: a New Measure of Visual Processing Ability

One of the main cognitive abilities is visual processing. Although much is known about the components of visual processing, current assessment instruments do not adequately measure these components in a manner that is useful in the applied setting. In particular, most instruments fail to isolate visual processing from other forms of processing, measure only one component of visual processing, and are inappropriate for group administration. Therefore, a new measure of visual processing is needed that overcomes these limitations. TRIO was developed specifically to fill the gap. This article presents a description of the development of this instrument and the psychometric and normative data obtained on it.
Enhanced Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Sensitivity by the Self-Assembly of Silver Nanoparticles (Ag NPs) Laminated on Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)

Abstract Herein, a transparent and reproducible substrate, fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) laminated with self-assembled Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs), was employed as a universal surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for the detection of targets with various matrices. The Ag NPs were assembled in a two-dimensional manner via a self-assembly technique. Due to the electrostatic interaction between the Ag NPs, the reproducibility of the assembly was ensured by the fixed density of the assembled Ag NPs at saturated assembly states. The assembled pattern and plasmon resonance of the Ag NPs were well preserved during the molding and curing of PDMS. As a result, the Ag NP laminated PDMS film exhibited a SERS effect to the adsorbed p-aminothiophenol comparable to that of the assembled Ag NPs on a glass slide. Extra SERS enhancement was achieved by construction of a Ag (PDMS)/molecule/Ag (glass) configuration due to the electromagnetic coupling between the Ag NPs. The Raman scattering of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid and benzotriazole modified on the surfaces of a smooth Au electrode and copper foil, respectively, was detected with the aid of the Ag NP-laminated PDMS film. Furthermore, malachite green dispersed in a KBr solid matrix was quantitatively determined with a detection limit of 0.5 μg/g. It is suggested that the SERS enhancement and consequential SERS detection sensitivity of the target molecules may be further maximized by adjusting the distance between the target molecules and the Ag NPs laminated on the PDMS film.
Improve the quality of Faster Than At-Speed Testing using the statistics information

Test generation method for the small delay defects not only requires low algorithm complexity, but also need more possibility to detect small delay. The method proposed in this paper uses statistical information to provide guidance for the back stage in test generation, which can improve test quality effectively. This method firstly uses simulation to obtain the statistical probability of nodes in the circuit, and then uses statistical information and controllability of nodes in circuit to determine the unknown conditions in advance in back stage, thereby reducing the number of backtrack and improving fault coverage. The result of testing on ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits shows that the test generation based on probability statistics method can make the transition delay fault coverage increase about 1.3% and time save about 9%. Keyword;small delay defects; faster than at-speed testing;probability statistics; path sensitize
AISLAMIENTO DE BACTERIAS RUMINALES DEGRADADORAS DEL ASERRÍN ISOLATION OF RUMINAL SAWDUST-DEGRADING BACTERIA

El aserrin es un subproducto con potencial en la alimentacion de rumiantes. Sin embargo, su alto contenido de carbohidratos estructurales ha limitado su inclusion. El aserrin de pino (Pinus patula) evaluado contiene 94% MS, 0.62% PC, 0.35% cenizas, y 88.72% FDN. Mediante tecnicas de laboratorio para microorganismos anaerobios, se aislo un cultivo de bacterias ruminales degradadoras de aserrin (BRDA), formado por Bacteroides stercorys (celulolitica) y un cocobacilo (solo estimula actividad celulolitica). El cultivo de BRDA puede utilizar glucosa, galactosa, fosfatos, glicina, arginina, prolina y N-acetilglucosamina. Se comparo la eficiencia para degradar aserrin o alfalfa entre BRDA y un cultivo de bacterias ruminales totales (BRT). La eficiencia para degradar aserrin de las BRDA fue superior (p<0.05) al del cultivo de BRT, despues de 72 h de incubacion (10.0 vs 2.9%). En contraste, la degradacion de alfalfa fue mayor (p<0.05) con el cultivo de BRT (59.7 vs 22.1%). La fase lag y la eficiencia para degradar carbohidratos estructurales (in vitro) en BRDA fue superior a la reportada en Neocallimastix frontalis; por tanto, se sugiere estudiar el efecto de BRDA como inoculo alimenticio del cultivo mixto aislado, en rumiantes alimentados con diferentes niveles de aserrin en su dieta.
Automated annotation of Caenorhabditis mitochondrial genomes and phylogenetic analysis

Results We developed an automated annotation tool for nematode mitochondrial genome sequences that characterizes individual genes in addition to pseudogenic and intergenic regions. The automated annotation tool utilizes the ClustalW multiple sequence alignment program to produce gene alignments of input genomic sequence versus literature C. elegans mitochondrial genes. A phylogenetic analysis was conducted by using RAxML 7.2. 6 to create a maximum-likelihood tree with bootstrap analysis for 84 mitochondrial genomic sequences representing 23 Caenorhabditis species and 1 outgroup.
Transgenesis, Paratransgenesis and Transmission Blocking Vaccines to Prevent Insect-Borne Diseases

Insect-borne diseases are responsible for severely affecting human life around the world, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Malaria alone is responsible for 1-2 million deaths annually, and approximately 300 million are at risk of becoming infected. Insectborne diseases also are responsible for an estimated 50% of all neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), which affect over 1 billion people – one sixth of the world population – and include such diseases as leishmaniasis, filariasis, Chagas’ disease, African trypanosomiases, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, trachoma and others. Such NTDs cause severe morbidity and are frequently referred to as “poverty causing diseases”. The lack of effective vaccines or drugs for many insect-borne diseases makes control mainly dependent on insecticides. However, the appearance of insecticide resistance requires the development of new strategies to reduce pathogen transmission in the field [1]. Among the research themes with potential to generate new tools to control vector borne diseases, major efforts have been carried out to establish transgenesis, paratransgenesis, and transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) as new weapons to reduce vector competence.
Using numerical inverse laplace for optimizing the current control in grid coupled inverters

Abstract— A number of control circuits can be well analyzed in a Fourier transfer function, but they have problems in being analyzed in an analytical inverse Laplace response as they contain distributed poles and zeroes, coming from a time delay or other effects. An example is the control of converters with filter circuits. In this paper, a control is shown in a PV converter with a very small DC link capacitor which is normally difficult to stabilize due to the presence of resonance effects of filters. It is observed that a second order high pass filter feedback stabilizes well parasitic resonances, even if their frequency is not very low compared to the switching frequency. A numeric inverse Laplace can be implemented in almost any mathematical program. This paper shows how parameters can be obtained from a step response using the numerical inverse Laplace and be used in Matlab simulation. It shows the complementarity between two methods.
Microfinance with education in rural Ghana: Men's perception of household level impact

Microcredit schemes have been shown to enhance women’s Income Generation Activities (IGA), household food security, and child nutrition. However, spouses or Male Household Heads (MHH) can influence how women’s loans are invested and how incomes ensuing from the investments are expended. This study describes how MHH perceived and experienced the participation of female caregivers from their household in the Enhancing Child Nutrition through Animal Source Food Management (ENAM) project. The ENAM project was designed as an integrated intervention providing microcredit, entrepreneurship and nutrition education to women in rural communities in Ghana. Eighty-five MHH of ENAM project caregivers in two regions of Ghana were interviewed about their awareness of the microcredit and education intervention, their involvement in the IGA that the caregivers’ loans were invested in, and their perceptions of the impact of the project on the caregivers’ IGA as well as household and child nutrition. The majority of MHH indicated that they had been consulted by the caregivers about the decision to participate in the ENAM project. The most common reasons given for consenting to the caregivers’ decision to participate in the program were expectations that the caregiver would receive business capital (30.6%), education on optimal child feeding (36.5%), and income to enable caregivers to contribute more to household expenses (31.8%). With respect to the project’s impact, MHH perceived that the caregivers’ project participation had a positive impact on their business practices, particularly with respect to improved customer relations. The MHH perceived that caregivers’ incomes increased because of their participation in ENAM as evidenced by regular income savings and increased contributions to household food and non-food expenditures. However, MHH reported decreases in their own contributions to almost all household expenditure categories in response to the perceived increase in caregivers’ incomes. The MHH also perceived improvements in home meal quality. In summary, MHH credited the ENAM project with improved caregiver’s incomes and increased share of household expenses. However, this outcome resulted in unanticipated declines in MHH contribution to household expenses. Further studies are needed to understand the impact of empowering women through social experiments on households.
Motelling: A Hotelling Model with Money

We apply a mechanism design approach to a trading post environment where the household type space (tastes over variety) is continuous and it is costly to set up shops that trade differentiated goods. In this framework, we address Hotelling's Hot venerable question about where shops will endogenously locate in variety space across environments with and without money. Money has a role in our environment due to anonymity. Our specific question is whether monetary exchange leads to more product variety than an environment without money (i.e. a barter economy). We show that an efficient monetary mechanism does in fact lead to more product variety available to households provided the discount factor is sufficiently high, costs of operating shops are sufficiently low, and there is sufficient heterogeneity in tastes and abilities. We then show how this allocation can be implemented in a trading post economy with money. The paper is an attempt to integrate monetary theory and industrial organization
Goal-Subgoal Conflict as the Core Feature of Delay of Gratification

While delay of gratification is a well-established individual difference, its assessment is limited by the original delay paradigm, which is only valid in the age range of four to 11 years. If delay of gratification were to be construed as a competence of resolving goal-subgoal conflicts, a specific type of puzzle games, with a feature called ambiguous subgoal ordering, can be used as an alternative assessment tool. While the child version of this type of puzzle, the Dog-Cat-Mouse task (DCM), is available; an adult version, the Dog-Cat-Mouse-Rabbit task (DCMR), had to be developed. Two studies were conducted to establish the validity of DCM(R) by linking the performance in these tasks to delay time. To this end, 42 longitudinal participants from the original study of delay of gratification and 50 community children, completed their age-appropriate versions of this planning task. The underlying mechanisms in these relationships were explored by tapping into a) components of IQ such as forward and backward digit span and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), and b) executive control as reflected by participants’ success of negotiating goal-subgoal conflicts in the DCM(R) task. Results showed that delay time was prospectively and concurrently associated with DCM(R) performance. Moreover, the mediator in the relationship was executive control rather than intellectual ability in both the adult and child sample. These results supported DCM and DCMR as assessment tools for delay of gratification in children and adults, respectively, when food is impractical or inappropriate. The DCMR’s state space and its development are provided in the appendix.
The Evolutionary Adaptation of Urban Tissues through Computational Analysis

The use of evolutionary solvers in design has introduced the potential of dealing with multiple conflicting objectives under a single design model. The experiments presented in this paper employ an evolutionary solver towards the generation of a 4x4 urban superblock in the city of Barcelona, one of the highest population density cities in Europe. The superblock is based on Cerda's iconic 8-sided block and takes three conflicting objectives into account, aiming not only to achieve a high density proposal but one that considers block relations, as well as green space throughout the city. The design is based on principles of evolutionary science, generating a population of solutions, whose individuals are ranked and selected based on a fitness criteria. Rather than aiming to reach a single 'optimal' solution, the model produces a population of solutions that are optimized in relation to the design environment.
Penalty method for unilateral contact problem with Coulomb’s friction for locking material

In this work, we study a unilateral contact problem with non local friction of Coulomb between a locking material and a rigid foundation. In the first step , we present the mathematical model for a static process, we establish the variational formulation in the form of a variational inequality and we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution. In the second step, using the penalty method we introduce the penalized problem numerical in the form of variational equality where we replace the law behavior and the law contact of Sigorini . The we show the convergence of the continuous penalty solution as the penalty parameter n tends towards infinity. Then, the analysis of the finite element discretized penalty method is carried out.