Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of Anaerobic Gut Fungi from Herbivores with Emphasis on Rumen Fungi from Malaysia

Descriptive accounts and keys are given for 14 species in five genera of obligately anaerobic fungi found in the gut of herbivores. The descriptions are based entirely on thallus morphology as seen in the light microscope to permit the functional identification of genera and species. It is proposed to place Neocallimastix patriciarum and N. variabilis in synonymy with N. frontalis, and the status of N. hurleyensis as a distinct species is questioned. Two species of Orpinomyces are recognised: 0. joyonii and 0. intercalaris. Anaeromyces mucronatus and A. elegans are recognised, but the status of A. elegans is considered uncertain. The genus Ruminomyces is synonymous with Anaeromyces. Six species of Piromyces are included: P. communis, P. mae, P. dumbonica, P. rhizinflatus, P. minutus and P. spiralis. Caecomyces (syn. Sphaeromonas) comprises two species: C. equi and C. communis, but the status of C. equi is questioned. The present and future state of the taxonomy is discussed.
Positive feedbacks amplify rates of woody encroachment in mesic tallgrass prairie

Over the last century, many grasslands worldwide have transitioned from a graminoid to a tree/shrub-dominated state in a short period of time, a phenomenon referred to as woody encroachment. Positive feedbacks and bi-stability are thought to be important drivers of woody encroachment, but there is little empirical evidence to suggest that positive feedbacks accelerate the woody encroachment of mesic grasslands. In mesic tallgrass prairie, shrub establishment does not directly facilitate seedling establishment. Yet, shrub establishment may facilitate the clonal spread of existing shrubs into nearby patches, because clonal reproduction might circumvent barriers that typically limit woody seedlings. Our results show that when Cornus drummondii (the predominate encroacher of mesic tallgrass prairie) extends rhizomatous stems into open grasslands, these stems use the same deep soil water sources as mature stems—thereby avoiding competition with grasses and gaining access to a reliable water source. In addition.
Fundamentals of Geostatistics in Five Lessons

A formalism is proposed to generate alternative equiprobable images of an under lying population spatial distribution. The resulting images honour data values at their locations and reflect important characteristics of the data such as patterns of spatial connectivity of extreme-values. The formalism capitalizes on a coding of all information available into bits (0-1), which are then processed all together accounting for their patterns of correlation in space. Such common coding allows accounting for qualitative information, possibly of an interpretative nature, to complement the usually sparse hard data available in Earth Sciences applications. The approach proposed, although of a probabilistic nature, does not call for any Gaussian-type modelling or hypothesis. TERRA No'a 1989, 1, 123-134.
Minimum Sample Length for the Estimation of Long-term Speaking Rate

In this study, we expand on previous experiments designed with the aim of determining the minimum length that an audio sample should have in order for the speaking rate derived from it to be representative of the sample as a whole. We compare two different approaches to establishing that the time series of the cumulative speaking rate calculated over the audio sample has reached stability. We also compare the effect on stabilization time of four other factors that may affect the way speaking rate is calculated. The results show that all factors tested have signiﬁcant effects, although of limited practical concern. Overall, average stability time is 12.1 seconds, with the bulk of the distribution lying between 7.9 and 16.2 s.
Fast-scanning near-field scanning optical microscopy using a high-frequency dithering probe

We suggest two methods attaching tip to the quartz crystal resonator to be applied to a near-field optical scanning microscope probe. High-speed near-field scanning optical microscopy images obtained with the quartz crystal resonator probe are presented. We have achieved fast scanning imaging at the scanning speed of 1.3 mm/s without any compromise of spatial lateral resolution. Applying a concept of the acoustic wave, the topographic image of soft sample with the quartz crystal resonator probe is interpreted.
Limestone-gypsum Flue Gas Desulfurization Processes: Modeling of Catalyzed Bisulfite Oxidation

The most common commercial process for SO2 removal from flue gas is the wet limestone flue gas desulfurization process, in which sulfite oxidation represents an important limiting phenomenon. A detailed knowledge of the oxidation process is important to determine the dewatering properties of the sludge produced, and a good understanding of the oxidation kinetics is also useful for the development of computer codes aimed at modeling the whole flue gas desulfurization process. Sulfite oxidation was studied both in homogeneous conditions, obtained by contacting a sulfite solution with an oxygen saturated solution, and in heterogeneous conditions, obtained by contacting a sulfurous solution with an oxygen containing gas phase. As far as the bisulfite oxidation reaction in heterogeneous conditions is concerned, a previous experimental study by the same research group in absolute catalyst free conditions found a kinetic equation for calcium bisulfite oxidation which is of zero order in oxygen and three halves in HSO3 - ions. The reaction has then been carried out in the presence of other catalysts, namely manganese and ferrous ions, into a laboratory-scale well-mixed reactor. Experimental results have shown that, when catalyst concentration increases, theree different reaction regimes (slow kinetic, slow diffusional and fast reaction regime) can be detected. This paper proposes a numerical model to describe the interaction between oxygen absorption and oxidation reaction, in which an in-parallel kinetic equation is used to describe the slow kinetic reaction results, according to which the overall reaction rate can be calculated as the sum of the uncatalyzed and catalyzed reaction rate, also taking into account that the oxidation kinetics are zero order in oxygen. Moreover, this paper shows how the model is capable of describing the experimental results obtained by this research group, as far as the manganese catalyzed bisulfite oxidation rate is concerned.
The role of perceived social support in predicting subjective well- being in Lebanese college students Lübnanli üniversite öğrencilerinde, algilanan sosyal desteğin öznel iyi oluş üzerindeki

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of perceived social support (PSS) on subjective well-being (SWB) in Lebanese college students. All students were undergraduate students and followed the American educational system. Life satisfaction was assessed using the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the affective dimension of well-being was measured using the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The degree of PSS was measured using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Findings suggested that Lebanese college students were generally satisfied with their lives general and experienced more positive than negative affect. Female participants experienced more negative affect (NA) than male participants. The high income level group scored greater on the SWLS scale and perceived higher PSS. Lebanese youth perceived great levels of PSS and PSS was found to be an important positive predictor of subjective well-being. In conclusion, these findings reconfirm the importance of perceived social support as predictor of subjective-well-being among youth.
COLLEGIUM OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS WORKING PAPER SERIES The Digital Era , Viewed From a Perspective of Millennia of Economic Growth

I propose a synthetic theory of economic growth and technological progress over the entire human history. Based on this theory as well as on the analogies with three previous eras (the hunter-gatherer era, the agricultural era and the industrial era) and the technological revolutions which initiated them, I draw conclusions for the contemporary digital era. I argue that each opening of a new era adds a new, previously inactive dimension of economic development, and redefines the key inputs and output of the production process. Economic growth accelerates across the consecutive eras, but there are also big shifts in factor shares and inequality. The two key inputs to the digital-era production process are hardware and software. Human skilled labor is complementary to hardware and substitutable with software, which increasingly includes sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. I also argue that economists have not yet designed sufficient measurement tools, economic policies and institutions appropriate for the digital-era economy.
Calendar year age estimates of Allerød–Younger Dryas sea‐level oscillations at Os, western Norway

A detailed shoreline displacement curve documents the Younger Dryas transgression in western Norway. The relative sea‐level rise was more than 9 m in an area which subsequently experienced an emergence of almost 60 m. The sea‐level curve is based on the stratigraphy of six isolation basins with bedrock thresholds. Effort has been made to establish an accurate chronology using a calendar year time‐scale by 14C wiggle matching and the use of time synchronic markers (the Vedde Ash Bed and the post‐glacial rise in Betula (birch) pollen). The sea‐level curve demonstrates that the Younger Dryas transgression started close to the Allerød–Younger Dryas transition and that the high stand was reached only 200 yr before the Younger Dryas–Holocene boundary. The sea level remained at the high stand for about 300 yr and 100 yr into Holocene it started to fall rapidly.
Assessment of the sanitary status of pome fruit crops in Kosovo, with particular emphasis to the bacterial disease the Fire Blight

Pome fruits represent a very important fruit crops in Kosovo, covering around 50% of the total fruit production. Economic losses induced by Erwinia amylovora were reported in neighbouring countries. In order to understand the real situation of the bacterial diseases on pome fruits in the Kosovo, assessment was carried out for detecting 3 bacteria (E. amylovora, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Pseudomonas syringae pv. papulans) on apple and pear. Morphological, biochemical (LOPAT test) and molecular (rep-PCR) tests were performed. This survey showed that several bacteria were present and in some cases widely distributed. Furthermore, this current sanitary status could be worsened due to the wide distribution of E. amylovora, which seems to be widely distributed on apple and pear in the different cultivated areas of the country.
JMR EARLY CAREER SCHOLARS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE ANNUAL ISSUE: REVIEW Recent progress in graphene based ceramic composites: a review

Research on graphene has been developing at a relentless pace as it holds the promise of delivering composites with exceptional properties. In particular, the excellent mechanical properties of graphene make it a potentially good reinforcement ingredient in ceramic composites while their impressive electrical conductivity has roused interest in the area of multifunctional applications. However, the potential of graphene can only be fully exploited if they are homogenously embedded into ceramic matrices. Thus, suitable processing route is critical in obtaining ceramic composites with desired properties. This paper reviews the current understanding of graphene ceramic matrix composites (GCMC) with three particular topics: (i) principles and techniques for graphene dispersion, (ii) processing of GCMC, and (iii) effects of graphene on properties of GCMC. Besides, toughening mechanisms and percolation phenomenon that may occur in these composites are elaborated with appropriate examples. Challenges and perspectives for future progress in applications are also highlighted.
NEW APPROACH TO IMPROVING LIFETIME IN HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS BASED ON CLUSTERING ENERGY EFFICIENCY ALGORITHM

The major challenge for wireless sensor networks is energy consumption minimization. Wireless transmission consumes much more of energy. In the c lustered network, a few nodes become cluster heads which causes the energetic heterogeneity. Therefore the behavior of the sensor network becomes very unstable. Hence, the need to apply the balancing of energy consumption across all nodes of the heterogeneous network is very important to prevent the death of those nodes and thereafter increase th e lifetime of the network. DEEC (Distributed Energy E fficient Clustering) is one of routing protocols designed to extend the stability time of the networ k by reducing energy consumption. A disadvantage of DEEC, which doesn’t takes into account the cluster ize and the density of nodes in this cluster to el ect the cluster heads. When multiple cluster heads are rand omly selected within a small area, a big extra ener gy loss occurs. The amount of lost energy is approxima tely proportional to the number of cluster heads in th s area. In this paper, we propose to improve DEEC by a modified energy efficient algorithm for choosing cluster heads that exclude a number of low energy l evels nodes due to their distribution density and t heir dimensions area. We show by simulation in MATLAB th at the proposed approach increases the number of received messages and prolong the lifetime of the n etwork compared to DEEC. We conclude by studying the parameters of heterogeneity that proposed techn ique provides a longer stability period which incre as s by increasing the number of nodes which are exclude d from the cluster head selection.
An Exploratory Study to Identify the Risk Factors for Relapse in Patients with Alcohol Dependence following Abstinence in Selected Drug de Addiction and Rehabilitation Centers of New Delhi, India

: This study aimed to identify the risk factors for relapse in patients with alcohol dependence following abstinence. The study objectives were to identify the risk factors and risk level for relapse in patients with alcohol dependence following abstinence, to find out the motivational factors for quitting alcohol and the relationship between the risk factors for relapse and selected demographic variables. An exploratory survey design included 60 patients attending four drug de-addiction and rehabilitation centres in Delhi, India, using purposive sampling technique. Data collected through structured interview schedule was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results revealed that most of the samples were at moderate risk for relapse. Significant relationship was found between the risk factors for relapse and age of the study subjects, with most of the study subjects in age group of 29-39 years falling in the high risk category for relapse. Testing personal control over alcohol dependence was the most risky factor which led to relapse. Personal factors like wanting to be a responsible person or to feel better physically etc. motivated the client most to quit alcohol. The study concludes that most of the patients with alcohol dependence following abstinence are always at a risk for relapse.
EFFECTS OF HARPIN AND MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING (MAP) ON QUALITY TRAITS AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF SWEET CHERRY FRUITS THROUGHOUT COLD STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of pre-harvest Harpin treatments and post-harvest MAP treatments on fruit quality attributes and bioactive compounds of ‘0900 Ziraat’ cherry cultivar throughout cold storage and shelf life of the fruits. Weight loss and decay ratios were significantly reduced with Harpin and MAP treatments. In general, lower L* and chroma values were measured in Harpin-treated fruits. As compared to control fruits, higher firmness, titratable acidity and vitamin C contents were measured in MAP and Harpin + MAP treated fruits throughout the cold storage and shelf life. On the other hand, lower solible solids content (SSC) values were observed in the same treatments. At harvest and shelf life measurements, higher total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA) and total phenolics (TPs) were measured in Harpintreated fruits than in control fruits. Although lower anthocyanin contents were obtained from MAP-treated fruits throughout the cold storage, higher values were observed throughout shelf life. Throughout cold storage and shelf life, MAP-treated fruits had lower total phenolics and total antioxidant activity (according to FRAP and TEAC assay) values than the control and Harpin-treated fruits. It was concluded that Harpin and MAP treatments could be used reduce weight losses and decays throughout the cold storage.
Migration and pollution

We explore the links between migration of labour and location specific (urban) pollution, suggesting a sense in which pollution can be welfare improving. In a conventional Harris-Todaro model of urban-rural migration, individuals migrate so as to equate the expected urban wage (given a downward rigid real wage in the urban sector) to the real wage. Unemployment is endogenously determined. Interpreting unemployment as damage, urban pollution (damage denoted in units of labour) can also support the same equilibrium with the value of damage equal to the value of resources otherwise lost through unemployment. However, if the damage function implies an uninternalized externality (due to urban congestion, for instance), an internalization gain can be realized through the use of a Pigouvian tax (or instrument) that discourages migration. Thus if pollution is introduced into a Harris-Todaro model with no such features, environmental damage displaces unemployment to support a similar outcome. Internalizing the externality then yields a welfare gain. We characterize the optimal Pigouvian tax in such a case and show that it is, in general, non-zero. In this sense, then, pollution can be welfare improving perhaps suggesting an alternative view of congestion and other adverse environmental effects facing urban dwellers in the developing world.
The Cells of Innate Systems in Tick-Borne Encephalitis

Natalia G. Plekhova1,2, Larisa M. Somova1, Irina N. Lyapun1,2, Nadejda M. Kondrashova2, Natalia V. Krylova1, Galina N. Leonova1 and Euvgenii V. Pustovalov2 1Lab. Pathomorphlogy and Electron Microscopy, Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Vladivostok, 2Lab. Electronic Microscopy and Processing of Images, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok Russia
Real time PCR mediated determination of the spontaneous occurrence of Sorghum bicolor alleles in wild sorghum populations

The study evaluates the utility of Real Time PCR (RT-PCR) in quantitative and qualitative analysis of alleles in sorghum populations and the spontaneous occurrence of Sorghum bicolor alleles in wild populations of sorghum. Leaf and seed material from wild sorghum accesions were sampled in Homabay, Siaya and Busia counties to represent Western Kenya sorghum producing regions. A second sampling was done on S 2 populations of S. bicolor , Sorghum halepense and Sorghum sudanense maintained in the greenhouse. Crop loci were evaluated in all materials using a LightCycler® 2.0 system. Real Time PCR was effective in qualitative and quantitative determination of crop alleles in both crop and weedy backgrounds of S. sudanense , S. halepense and S. verticilliflorum. Crossing point values ranged between 19.7 from 30 ng template to 35.9 from 0.015 pg of template on locus SB1764. Melting peaks analysis ranged between 83.29 to 88°C on locus SB1764 and between 86.01 to 80.88°C on locus SB3420 effectively differentiating the 4 species. RealTime-PCR was successful in quantitative and qualitative analysis of specific crop alleles from loci SB1764 and SB3420 from seed and leaf DNA. Spontaneous occurrence of crop and rare alleles in wild sorghum populations growing in sympatry with crop cultivars showed the presence of crop and rare alleles in wild sorghum populations. Means of wild populations from lower midland 1 (LM 1 ), LM 2 , LM 3 and LM 4 AEZs were not significantly different. It is therefore vital to test S. bicolor seeds and other plant materials in transit, at entry points and populations of growing plants for foreign genes including transgenes using RT-PCR. Keywords: Real time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ), Sorghum bicolor , Sorghum halepense , Sorghum sudanense.
Self-Forgiveness and Its Relation to the Psychological Resilience of University Students

The current research aims at identifying the self-forgiveness of university students, the psychological flexibility of university students, finding the significance of the differences in the degree of self-forgiveness in the study sample by (Gender, grade level), finding differences in the degree of flexibility in the research sample (gender, grade) and the relationship between self-forgiveness and psychological flexibility among university students. The current research sample was selected from the University of Baghdad for the academic year 2016-2017 and 400 students,Of the university students first and fourth grade. The self-forgiveness (HFS) scale in English was translated from the researcher's design (Thompson et al. (2005) and extractedthe validity of the construction and stability and the number of paragraphs of the scale in its final form (17) paragraph. And the adoption of the Shaqura scale (2015) of psychological flexibility has been extracted the strength of discriminatory paragraphs and the validity of the content and honesty of the building was extracted stability and the scale shall be in its final form (41) paragraphs. The findings of the research that the sample of research have self-forgiveness, psychological flexibility and there are no significant differences in statistical flexibility, as well as in psychological flexibility found significant differences in sex and in favor of males in psychological flexibility, and There were significant differences in sex and in favor of males in psychological flexibility, and there is a strong relationship between self-forgiveness and psychological flexibility. The researcher concluded that university students have self-forgiveness and self-esteem and is represented in three elements (wrong work, negative feelings caused by error, self acceptance internally). And that their relationship is characterized by love and confidence despite the pressures of the trick and the many shocks in Iraqi society. And most important recommendations Enhance the positive side of self-forgiveness and psychological flexibility. And the most important proposals to conduct surges dealing with the variables with other variables such as mental health, anti-social behavior.