Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Start Codon Prediction Accuracy in Prokaryotic Organisms Using Naïve Bayesian Classification

With an overwhelming amount of genetic data now becoming publicly available, there is a growing need to develop more effective gene prediction methods that produce reliable results. Although prediction of the stop codon location for genes in prokaryotic organisms is largely considered to be a solved problem, accurate prediction of the exact start codon location continues to lag behind because of the ambiguity for these start codons in the genetic code. This paper will detail a new approach to predicting more precise gene locations for both the start and stop codon in prokaryotic organisms. This approach uses gene prediction results from other prediction programs to find consistently predicted gene locations. It then uses these “consistent genes” as a training set for Naive Bayesian classification to improve accuracy in the “ambiguous genes,” those in which there is some variability or inconsistency in predicted locations between the prediction programs.
Effect of weak attractive interactions on flow behavior of highly concentrated crystalline suspensions

Weak attractive interactions lead to a substantial broadening of the fluid-crystalline coexistence region of crystalline, colloidal hard-sphere dispersions. Here, we demonstrate that a weak depletion attraction introduced by nonadsorbing polymer added to the continuous phase results in a strong decrease of the low shear viscosity even at particle concentrations up to Φ = 0.65 analogous to the re-entry phenomenon in highly concentrated glassy systems. This promotes flow in macroscopic channels but the scenario changes in confined, microfluidic geometries. Pure crystalline suspensions exhibit flow induced melting in the region of highest shear rates close to the wall, and this promotes flow through microchannels (<100 μm). In contrast, weak attractive interactions fortify preferential crystallization at the channel walls finally resulting in channel clogging and cessation of flow. This wall crystallization phenomenon particularly impairs viscosity determination from classical parallel plate rotational rheom.
The linear generator as integral component of an energy converter for electric vehicles

The system in which the linear generator (LG) is integrated is called free-piston linear generator (FPLG). He is able to convert chemical energy into electrical energy by using a combustion process. The FPLG can be used as alternative energy converter for hybrid cars. By optimization of the LG it is possible to reduce the fuel consumption of a vehicle significantly. This publication deals with the calculation of a linear generator, the measurement of the reached LG efficiency and the expected fuel consumption of a FPLG based midrange car. In this publication the function and the characteristics of the free-piston linear generator will be explained first. Then the surrounding system and its effect on the FPLG and the linear generator will be pictured. This is important for the understanding of the adaptation of the linear generator to the system. After this the way of the calculation process is pictured. It is based on a 2-D FEA model. After the presentation of the calculated results a comparison between the calculation and the measured results of a physically existing linear generator is presented. The next chapter represents the outcome of the efficiency measurement. At the end of the publication the actual situation of the expected fuel consumption of a midrange car system based on a simulation is represented.
Design and Development of Topic-based Students’ Knowledge Modelling System using Fuzzy Set Theory and Visual Analytics

To the field of education, advances in technologies raise opportunities and challenges in delivering personalised learning to heterogeneous group of learners while monitoring and analysing their learning progress and learning outcomes. This paper addresses the challenges of gaining a big picture about learners’ knowledge that is essential for providing personalised learning. Next, a system that models students’ knowledge is proposed in which topic-based approach, fuzzy set theory, and visual analytics were applied to design and develop the proposed system. The proposed system was designed with the capabilities to model, analyse and report individual learner’s knowledge, whereas its applicability was presented and discussed based on a real-world case study.
Alternative Estimating Methodologies of the UK Industry Cost of Equity Capital: The Impact of 2007 Financial Crisis and Market Volatility

We compare estimates of the UK industry cost of equity capital between the unconditional beta Arbitrage Pricing Model (APM), the conditional beta APM and the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). A statistically significant eight-factor APM leads to the best estimates of the UK industry cost of equity capital. During our full sample time period any of the APMs, unconditional APM or conditional APM, do a much better job than the CAPM.However at times of extreme market volatility during the 2007 financial crisis, the conditional APM is the best model with the least errors. During a financial crisis investors and market participants’ expectations are revised. Economic forces at play include: increased market uncertainty, increased investors’ risk aversion and capital scarcity. We find that the macroeconomic factors impeded in the Conditional APM that vary over time using the latest information in the market, incorporate the economic forces at play and capture the extreme market volatility. Our findings have direct implications in the financial markets for regulators, corporate financial decision makers, corporations and governments.
Revisiting Risk Assessment with Sexual Offenders: Validation and Extension of the STATIC-99 and Penile Plethysmograph with a Community Sample

The ability of the Static-99 and dimensional measurement of penile plethysmograph (PPG) to predict conviction for new general or sexual offenses was assessed with a community sample. Because deviant sexual arousal is theoretically a dynamic risk factor and treatment target, this study proposed that adding the PPGmeasured deviant arousal to the Static-99 would improve the predictive quality of the actuarial measure. Records for 131 subjects who presented for psychosexual evaluations at a community sex offender treatment facility were examined to collect relevant data and score the Static-99, and conviction information was obtained from the Oregon Department of Corrections. These data were examined using logistic regression to determine the predictive validity of the Static-99, predictive qualities of the PPG, and incremental validity of adding PPG information to the Static-99. Contrary to previous studies examining the Static-99 and PPG separately, results indicated that there were no statistically significant relationship between Static-99 scores, PPG percent deviant arousal, and any new sexual or general convictions. Similarly, the addition of the PPG results to the Static-99 offered no statistically significant increase in predictive abilities. The Static-99 and PPG results performed at chance when predicting recidivism, either generally or sexually, when examined in a community setting. In order to produce more reliable measures of recidivism with offenders released in the community, the Static-99 norms and items, as well as the interpretation and utility of PPG results, must be revisited and refined. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Committee Chair Michelle R. Guyton, Psy.D. Second Advisor Genevieve L. Y. Arnaut, Ph.D., Psy.D. Third Advisor Michel Hersen, Ph.D., ABPP
The Chemo-Dynamical History of the Milky Way as Revealed by SDSS/SEGUE

Abstract Although originally conceived as primarily an extragalactic survey, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-I), and its extensions SDSS-II and SDSS-III, continue to have a major impact on our understanding of the formation and evolution of our host galaxy, the Milky Way. The sub-survey SEGUE: Sloan Extension for Galactic Exploration and Understanding, excuted as part of SDSS-II, obtained some 3500 square degrees of additional ugriz imaging, mostly at lower Galactic latitudes, in order to better sample the disk systems of the Galaxy. Most importantly, it obtained over 240,000 medium-resolution spectra for stars selected to sample Galactocentric distances from 0.5 to 100 kpc. In combination with stellar targets from SDSS-I, and the recently completed SEGUE-2 program, executed as part of SDSS-III, the total sample of SDSS spectroscopy for Galactic stars comprises some 500,000 objects. The development of the SEGUE Stellar Parameter Pipeline has enabled the determination of accurate atmospheric parameter estimates for a large fraction of these stars. Many of the stars in this data set within 5 kpc of the Sun have sufficiently well-measured proper motions to determine their full space motions, permitting examination of the nature of much more distant populations represented by members that are presently passing through the solar neighborhood. Ongoing analyses of these data are being used to draw a much clearer picture of the nature of our galaxy, and to supply targets for detailed high-resolution spectrscopic follow-up with the world's largest telescopes. Here we discuss a few highlights of recently completed and ongoing investigations with these data.
Analysis on the Spatial Correlation of Industrial Structure Supererogation in China

Taking 31 provinces and cities in china from 1998 to 2013 as research sample, we study the effect factors on the Spatial Correlation of Industrial Structure Supererogation in China by using the QAP method, based on the measure of Industrial Structure Supererogation. We find that the spatial correlation network of industrial structure supererogation has spillover effect. The neighbor of geographical location, the similar structure of government expenditure, investment consumption, technology change, foreign direct investment have significant positive effect on spatial correlation, while the human capital’s role is just opposite. Besides, the similar of relation matrix can explain 49.4% of spatial correlation, which have obviously spatial linkage effect. Keywords—Industrial Structure Supererogation; Spatial Correlation network; QAP method
Validation of first chemistry mode retrieval results from the new limb-imaging FTS GLORIA with correlative MIPAS-STR observations

Abstract. We report first chemistry mode retrieval results from the new airborne limb-imaging infrared FTS (Fourier transform spectrometer) GLORIA (Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere) and comparisons with observations by the conventional airborne limb-scanning infrared FTS MIPAS-STR (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding – STRatospheric aircraft). For GLORIA, the flights aboard the high-altitude research aircraft M55 Geophysica during the ESSenCe campaign (ESa Sounder Campaign 2011) were the very first in field deployment after several years of development. The simultaneous observations of GLORIA and MIPAS-STR during the flight on 16 December 2011 inside the polar vortex and under conditions of optically partially transparent polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) provided us the first opportunity to compare the observations by two different infrared FTS generations directly. We validate the GLORIA results with MIPAS-STR based on the lower vertical resolution of MIPAS-STR and compare the vertical resolutions of the instruments derived from their averaging kernels. The retrieval results of temperature, HNO3, O3, H2O, CFC-11 and CFC-12 show reasonable agreement of GLORIA with MIPAS-STR and collocated in situ observations. For the horizontally binned hyperspectral limb images, the GLORIA sampling outnumbered the horizontal cross-track sampling of MIPAS-STR by up to 1 order of magnitude. Depending on the target parameter, typical vertical resolutions of 0.5 to 2.0 km were obtained for GLORIA and are typically a factor of 2 to 4 better compared to MIPAS-STR. While the improvement of the performance, characterization and data processing of GLORIA are the subject of ongoing work, the presented first results already demonstrate the considerable gain in sampling and vertical resolution achieved with GLORIA.
Private Equity in Family Firms : Drivers of the Willingness to Cede Control

Our aim is to empirically examine how reasons for using private equity (PE) and prior experience with PE affect the willingness of privately held firms to cede company control. Based on a questionnaire entailing 75 privately held firms backed by PE, we show that family firms cede less control than non-family firms when entering a PE transaction. However, if firms seek funds due to challenges related to ownership changes, the difference between family firms and non-family firms decreases. Moreover, we find that family firms sell more company shares if they are run by a PEexperienced manager.
Entrepreneurial Action: Enacting Buddhist Economics in the Small

This paper examines how Buddhist thought can be manifested in the entrepreneurial economic sphere, and particularly in the decision to exploit new business opportunities. It uses elements of diverse social theory to examine how entrepreneurs integrate their individualist roles as innovators and creators within preexisting social systems and structures, to enact a conception of entrepreneurship within the Buddhist doctrine of Right Livelihood. Empirical qualitative evidence from Buddhist entrepreneurs in Canada and Nepal is provided to support an interpretation in which conceptions of Right Livelihood play an important role in the evaluation and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities and in the day-to-day operations of the resultant new businesses.
Solving the relativistic magnetohydrodynamics equations with ADER discontinuous Galerkin methods, a posteriori subcell limiting and adaptive mesh refinement

We present a new numerical tool for solving the special relativistic ideal MHD equations that is based on the combination of the following three key features: (i) a one-step ADER discontinuous Galerkin (DG) scheme that allows for an arbitrary order of accuracy in both space and time, (ii) an a posteriori subcell finite volume limiter that is activated to avoid spurious oscillations at discontinuities without destroying the natural subcell resolution capabilities of the DG finite element framework and finally (iii) a space-time adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) framework with time-accurate local time-stepping. The divergence-free character of the magnetic field is instead taken into account through the so-called "divergence-cleaning" approach. The convergence of the new scheme is verified up to 5th order in space and time and the results for a set of significant numerical tests including shock tube problems, the RMHD rotor and blast wave problems, as well as the Orszag-Tang vortex system are shown. We also consider a simple case of the relativistic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability with a magnetic field, emphasizing the potential of the new method for studying turbulent RMHD flows. We discuss the advantages of our new approach when the equations of relativistic MHD need to be solved with high accuracy within various astrophysical systems.
Do Cash Transfers Improve Birth Outcomes? Evidence from Matched Vital Statistics, Program, and Social Security Data

There is limited empirical evidence on whether cash transfers to poor pregnant women improve children's birth outcomes and potentially help weaken the cycle of intergenerational poverty. Using a unique array of program and social security administrative micro- data matched to longitudinal vital statistics in Uruguay, we estimate that participation in a generous social assistance program led to a sizable reduction in the incidence of low birthweight. The effect is due to faster intrauterine growth rather than longer gestational length. Our findings are consistent with improved maternal nutrition during pregnancy being a key driver of improved birthweight. (JEL I14, I32, I38, J13, J16, O15)
The influence of the ocean circulation state on ocean carbon storage and CO 2 drawdown potential in an Earth system model

Abstract. During the four most recent glacial cycles, atmospheric CO2 during glacial maxima has been lowered by about 90–100 ppm with respect to interglacials. There is widespread consensus that most of this carbon was partitioned in the ocean. It is, however, still debated which processes were dominant in achieving this increased carbon storage. In this paper, we use an Earth system model of intermediate complexity to explore the sensitivity of ocean carbon storage to ocean circulation state. We carry out a set of simulations in which we run the model to pre-industrial equilibrium, but in which we achieve different states of ocean circulation by changing forcing parameters such as wind stress, ocean diffusivity and atmospheric heat diffusivity. As a consequence, the ensemble members also have different ocean carbon reservoirs, global ocean average temperatures, biological pump efficiencies and conditions for air–sea CO2 disequilibrium. We analyse changes in total ocean carbon storage and separate it into contributions by the solubility pump, the biological pump and the CO2 disequilibrium component. We also relate these contributions to differences in the strength of the ocean overturning circulation. Depending on which ocean forcing parameter is tuned, the origin of the change in carbon storage is different. When wind stress or ocean diapycnal diffusivity is changed, the response of the biological pump gives the most important effect on ocean carbon storage, whereas when atmospheric heat diffusivity or ocean isopycnal diffusivity is changed, the solubility pump and the disequilibrium component are also important and sometimes dominant. Despite this complexity, we obtain a negative linear relationship between total ocean carbon and the combined strength of the northern and southern overturning cells. This relationship is robust to different reservoirs dominating the response to different forcing mechanisms. Finally, we conduct a drawdown experiment in which we investigate the capacity for increased carbon storage by artificially maximising the efficiency of the biological pump in our ensemble members. We conclude that different initial states for an ocean model result in different capacities for ocean carbon storage due to differences in the ocean circulation state and the origin of the carbon in the initial ocean carbon reservoir. This could explain why it is difficult to achieve comparable responses of the ocean carbon pumps in model inter-comparison studies in which the initial states vary between models. We show that this effect of the initial state is quantifiable. The drawdown experiment highlights the importance of the strength of the biological pump in the control state for model studies of increased biological efficiency.
The Economics of Climate Change Policy: Critical review and future policy directions

This paper presents the dimensions of the climate change problem and its economic effects as well as the evolution of the international meetings to cope with it. In these lines it discusses the use of Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs), the damage cost estimates and various other issues related to global warming and concerning the significance of uncertainty and risk aversion, the importance of discounting and the impact of financial crisis on emissions predictions. The methods of constructing abatement cost curves together with adaptation policies are presented. It also refers to the basic policy approaches for reducing greenhouse gases paying attention to emissions trading schemes.
The sensitivity of estimates of post- apartheid changes in South African poverty and inequality to key data imputations

We begin by summarising the literature that has assessed medium-run changes in poverty and inequality in South Africa using census data. According to this literature, over the 1996 to 2001 period both poverty and inequality increased. In this paper we assesses the robustness of these results to the large percentage of individuals and households in both censuses for whom personal income data is missing and to the fact that personal income is collected in income bands rather than as point estimates. First, we use a sequential regression multiple imputation approach to impute missing values for the 2001 census data. Relative to the existing literature, the imputation results lead to estimates of mean income and inequality (as measured by the Gini coefficient) that are higher and estimates of poverty that are lower. This is true even accounting for the wider confidence intervals that arise from the uncertainty that the imputations bring into the estimation process. Next we go on to assess the influence of dubious zero values by setting them to missing and re-doing the multiple imputation process. This increases the uncertainty associated with the imputation process as reflected in wider confidence intervals on all estimates and only the Gini coefficient is significantly different from the first set of estimated parameters. The final imputation exercise assesses the sensitivity of results to the practice of taking personal incomes recorded in bands and attributing band midpoints to them. We impute an alternative set of intra-band point incomes by replicating the intra-band empirical distribution of personal incomes from a national income and expenditure survey undertaken in the year before each census. Using the empirical distributions increases estimated inequality although the differences are relatively small. We finish our empirical work with a discussion of provincial poverty shares as a policy relevant illustration of the importance of dealing with missing values. Overall our results for 1996 and 2001 confirm the major findings from the existing literature while generating more reliable confidence intervals for the key parameter of interest than are available elsewhere.
Morphology and Phenotype of Peripheral Erythrocytes of Fish: A Rapid Screening of Images by Using Software

Many information of biological study as stained cells analysis under microscope cannot be obtained rich information like detail morphology, shape, size, proper intensity etc. but image analysis software can easily be detected all these parameters within short duration. The cells types can be yeast cells to mammalian cells. An attempt has been made to detect cellular abnormalities from an image of metronidazole (MTZ) treated compared to control images of peripheral erythrocytes of fish by using non-commercial, open-source, CellProfiler (CP) image analysis software (Ver. 2.1.0). The comparative results were obtained after analysis the software. In conclusion, this image based screening of Giemsa stained fish erythrocytes can be a suitable tool in biological research for primary toxicity prediction at DNA level alongwith cellular phenotypes. Moreover, still suggestions are needed in relation to accuracy of present analysis for Giemsa stained fish erythrocytes because previous works have been carried out images of cells with fluorescence dye.