Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Mechanism of Geothermal Anomaly in the Gaoyang Uplift of the Jizhong Depression

The Gaoyang uplift is rich in geothermal resources, but there are few studies on the regional geothermal genetic mechanism. A large number of geothermal wells fail in position calculation because of a shortage of basis. By using the methods of P-wave velocity structure imaging and magnetotelluric sounding, it draws the following conclusions: 1) The crustal thickness in the Gaoyang uplift area is relatively thin, about 32 km; 2) The cutting depth of the Gaoyang East fault exceeds 28 km and has reached the bottom of the lower crust. It is a large tensile fault that provides a channel for mantle heat flow into the shallow crust; 3) The Gaoyang uplift and its surrounding depressions form a concave-convex base fluctuation mode, which is conducive to the accumulation of heat flow to the uplift; 4) The deep carbonate thermal reservoir in the Gaoyang uplift is overlaid with Cenozoic sand and mudstone strata, with a thickness of more than 3000 m and low thermal conductivity, which is conducive to the preservation of thermal storage heat. Therefore, the shortening of the heat conduction path caused by regional crustal thinning, convective heat conduction of large faults, concave-convex structure, and thick Cenozoic caprock are the reasons why the heat reservoir temperature in the Gaoyang uplift is higher than that around, which provides a theoretical basis for geothermal development and utilization.
Comparative study of intrathecal tramadol and fentanyl as adjuvants in lower abdominal surgeries

Spinal anesthesia is preferred choice of anesthesia in lower abdominal surgeries for a long time. However, the problem with this is limited duration of action, so for long duration surgeries alternatives are required. The aim: to compare the intra-operative effects of a low dose of intrathecal tramadol and intrathecal fentanyl with hyperbaric bupivacaine hydrochloride. Materials and methods: prospective randomized control study for a duration of study is one year. 50 patients, aged 18 years to 60 years, belonging to ASA physical status I and II, posted for elective lower abdominal surgeries under spinal anaesthesia were chosen. These patients were divided into two groups: group BT- this group of patients received 2.5 mL volume of 0.5 % hyperbaric bupivacaine with 25 mg of tramadol intrathecally. Group BF- this group of patients received 2.5 mL volume of 0.5 % hyperbaric bupivacaine with 25 μg of fentanyl intrathecally. Results: demographic parameters in both the groups are not statistically significant. The association between the differences in duration of surgeries of both the study groups is not statistically. The association between the differences in mean time of onset of sensory block and motor block of both the study groups was comparable with p>0.05 The duration of sensory block (analgesia) and duration of motor block difference between the two means was statistically significant with p<0.0000001. The difference between the mean VAS score at 3 hours and at 20 hours was statistically significant with p<0.05. Among the study BT group, 52 % needed 2 analgesics and 48 % needed 3 doses of analgesics. Among BF group, 6 % needed only one dose of analgesics and 44 % needed 2 doses of analgesics. The difference between the two was statistically significant with p<0.000002. The association between the hemodynamic variables between both the groups at the end of procedure was statistically significant with p<0.05. Conclusions: Intrathecal fentanyl and tramadol produced a similar onset of sensory and motor blocks. Fentanyl provided better duration and quality of postoperative analgesia compared to tramadol
CardioNet: Automatic Semantic Segmentation to Calculate the Cardiothoracic Ratio for Cardiomegaly and Other Chest Diseases

Semantic segmentation for diagnosing chest-related diseases like cardiomegaly, emphysema, pleural effusions, and pneumothorax is a critical yet understudied tool for identifying the chest anatomy. A dangerous disease among these is cardiomegaly, in which sudden death is a high risk. An expert medical practitioner can diagnose cardiomegaly early using a chest radiograph (CXR). Cardiomegaly is a heart enlargement disease that can be analyzed by calculating the transverse cardiac diameter (TCD) and the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR). However, the manual estimation of CTR and other chest-related diseases requires much time from medical experts. Based on their anatomical semantics, artificial intelligence estimates cardiomegaly and related diseases by segmenting CXRs. Unfortunately, due to poor-quality images and variations in intensity, the automatic segmentation of the lungs and heart with CXRs is challenging. Deep learning-based methods are being used to identify the chest anatomy segmentation, but most of them only consider the lung segmentation, requiring a great deal of training. This work is based on a multiclass concatenation-based automatic semantic segmentation network, CardioNet, that was explicitly designed to perform fine segmentation using fewer parameters than a conventional deep learning scheme. Furthermore, the semantic segmentation of other chest-related diseases is diagnosed using CardioNet. CardioNet is evaluated using the JSRT dataset (Japanese Society of Radiological Technology). The JSRT dataset is publicly available and contains multiclass segmentation of the heart, lungs, and clavicle bones. In addition, our study examined lung segmentation using another publicly available dataset, Montgomery County (MC). The experimental results of the proposed CardioNet model achieved acceptable accuracy and competitive results across all datasets.
Preparation of Poly(vinyl Alcohol) Microparticles for Freeze Protection of Sensitive Fruit Crops

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) displays ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) properties as many antifreeze proteins found in cold tolerant organisms. The molecular architecture and composition (molecular weight and distribution of pendant OH and acetate groups) have been studied to improve the antifreezing properties of PVA, suggesting that the molecular architecture of PVA plays an important role in IRI activity. The present work deals with the preparation of PVA microparticles using an alkaline treatment. The effect of PVA molecular weight on the morphology and antifreezeing properties of PVA microparticles was investigated. The antifreezeing property of PVA microparticles on the susceptibility of flower bud tissues to freeze damage was also evaluated. The alkaline treatment of an aqueous PVA solution produced stable polymer chain aggregates with spherical shapes. The average size of the PVA microparticles increased significantly with the increasing molecular weight of the PVA macromolecule precursor. The PVA microparticles inhibited the growth of ice crystals and blocked ice growth at concentrations as low as 0.01 % w/v. The effect of impeding ice crystal growth by preventing the joining of adjacent ice crystals is attributed to the larger size of the PVA particles adsorbed on the ice surface compared to the aggregated PVA macromolecules in saline solution. The thermal hysteresis activity of PVA macromolecules and microparticles was not detected by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The PVA microparticles reduced the incidence of freeze injuries in flower bud tissues by 55% and their application, considering the low toxicity of PVA, has a high potential for freeze protection in fruit crops.
Effects of Calorie Restricted Diet on Oxidative/Antioxidative Status Biomarkers and Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial

Oxidative stress plays a fundamental role in the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to investigate the effects of a calorie-restricted (CR) diet on oxidative/anti-oxidative status in patients with NAFLD and the potential mediating role of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) in this regard. This randomized, controlled clinical trial was carried out on sixty patients with NAFLD aged 20 to 60 years with body mass index (BMI) ranging from 25 to 35 kg/m2. Participants were randomly assigned to either the CR diet group (received a prescribed low-calorie diet for twelve weeks, n = 30) or the control group (n = 30). Fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, and physical activity data were collected for all participants at baseline and at the end of the trial. Significant reductions in weight, BMI, waist circumference, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were observed in the CR diet group compared to the control group (all p < 0.05). Liver steatosis grade, serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and FGF-21, as well as erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities did not show significant changes in the CR group when compared to the controls at the end of the study (p > 0.05). CR diet with moderate weight loss has some favorable effects on NAFLD but was not able to modify oxidative/anti-oxidative status in these patients. Future studies are warranted to target the effects of long-term interventions with a greater weight loss in this patient population.
Abnormal Ventral Somatomotor Network Homogeneity in Patients With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Background Abnormalities of functional connectivity in the somatomotor network have been thought to play an essential role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. However, there has been no network homogeneity (NH) study about the ventral somatomotor network (VSN) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Therefore, we explored the NH of the VSN in TLE patients in this study. Methods The sample included 52 patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy, 83 patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy, and 68 healthy controls. The NH method was utilized to analyze the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Results Compared to the controls, rTLE patients had significantly higher NH in the bilateral postcentral gyrus, and significantly lower NH in the bilateral Rolandic operculum and the right superior temporal gyrus (STG). The NH values of the left postcentral gyrus were significantly higher in lTLE patients than in the healthy controls, and lTLE patients had lower NH in the right Rolandic operculum. The altered NH in the postcentral gyrus was negatively correlated with the illness duration, and the decreased NH in the left Rolandic operculum was negatively correlated with the executive control reaction time (ECRT). Conclusion Our findings suggest that altered NH of the postcentral gyrus, Rolandic operculum and STG might be associated with the pathophysiology of TLE, and thus, highlight the contribution of the VSN to the pathophysiology of TLE.
Morphology Adjustment and Optimization of CuS as Enzyme Mimics for the High Efficient Colorimetric Determination of Cr(VI) in Water

Metal sulfide is often utilized as a catalyzed material to form colorimetric response system for some heavy metal detection. While the aggregation effect and conventional morphology limited the catalyzed efficiency. Herein, a robust method based on morphology adjustment was proposed to improve the dispersibility and catalytic performance of CuS. The results demonstrated when the solvent ratio of ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide arrived at 3:1, it displayed an optimal structure which is like a patulous flower. Meanwhile, an optimal surface binding energy (ΔE) of 120.1 kcal/mol was obtained via theoretical calculation model. The flower-like structure caused a 2-fold increase in the catalytic level. Subsequently, the CuS was employed to make colorimetric detection of Cr(VI) in water. The assay results exhibited a linear range of the Cr(VI) from 60 to 340 nM, the limit of detection was 1.07 nM. In the practical tests for Qianhu lake water, the spiked recoveries were 93.6% and 104% with the RSD of 4.71% and 3.08%. Therefore, this CuS-based colorimetric method possesses a satisfactory application prospect for the Cr(VI) determination in water.
Replica of Bionic Nepenthes Peristome-like and Anti-Fouling Structures for Self-Driving Water and Raman-Enhancing Detection

The flexible, anti-fouling, and bionic surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) biochip, which has a Nepenthes peristome-like structure, was fabricated by photolithography, replicated technology, and thermal evaporation. The pattern of the bionic Nepenthes peristome-like structure was fabricated by two layers of photolithography with SU-8 photoresist. The bionic structure was then replicated by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and grafting the zwitterion polymers (2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine, MPC) by atmospheric plasma polymerization (PDMS-PMPC). The phospholipid monomer of MPC immobilization plays an important role; it can not only improve hydrophilicity, anti-fouling and anti-bacterial properties, and biocompatibility, but it also allows for self-driving and unidirectional water delivery. Ag nanofilms (5 nm) were deposited on a PDMS (PDMS-Ag) substrate by thermal evaporation for SERS detection. Characterizations of the bionic SERS chips were measured by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), optical microscope (OM), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and contact angle (CA) testing. The results show that the superior anti-fouling capability of proteins and bacteria (E. coli) was found on the PDMS-PMPC substrate. Furthermore, the one-way liquid transfer capability of the bionic SERS chip was successfully demonstrated, which provides for the ability to separate samples during the flow channel, and which was detected by Raman spectroscopy. The SERS intensity (adenine, 10−4 M) of PDMS-Ag with a bionic structure is ~4 times higher than PDMS-Ag without a bionic structure, due to the multi-reflection of the 3D bionic structure. The high-sensitivity bionic SERS substrate, with its self-driving water capability, has potential for biomolecule separation and detection.
UVB-Induced Skin Autoinflammation Due to Nlrp1b Mutation and Its Inhibition by Anti-IL-1β Antibody

NLRP1 (NACHT and leucine-rich repeat-containing protein family, pyrin domain-containing protein 1) is an innate immune sensor that is involved in the formation of inflammasome complexes. NLRP1 hyperactivity has been reported to cause inherited autoinflammatory diseases including familial keratosis lichenoides chronica and NLRP1-associated autoinflammation with arthritis and dyskeratosis. We generated Nlrp1b (the mouse homologue of human NLRP1) gain-of-function knock-in (Nlrp1b KI) mice with UVB irradiation-induced autoinflammatory skin lesions. We demonstrated that UVB irradiation induces IL-1β upregulation and IL-1β-dependent inflammation via caspase-1 activation in these Nlrp1b KI mice. RNA sequencing revealed the upregulation of inflammasome pathway-related genes, keratinocyte stress marker genes, and keratinocyte differentiation marker genes in the Nlrp1b KI mice after UVB irradiation. The skin inflammation and hyperkeratosis from UVB irradiation in the Nlrp1b KI mice were inhibited by both intraperitoneal and subcutaneous administration of anti-IL-1β antibodies before UVB irradiation. UVB irradiation and the IL-1β pathway are important in the pathogenesis of NLRP1-associated autoinflammatory skin lesions.
Quasi-analytical model of surface potential and drain current for trigate negative capacitance FinFET: a superposition approach

Negative capacitance (NC) obtained from the ferroelectric polarization switching is a widely adopted approach for the realization of low power, high-performance devices. In this paper, for the first time, we have developed a 3D quasi-analytical model for the surface potential and drain current of the trigate NC-FinFET using the superposition approach. Till date, only double gate (DG) uniformly doped NC-FinFET structures have been explored, which does not reveal the practicality of the device. Therefore, we perform an extensive device evaluation: (a) by solving the Poisson’s equation separately for the side gates (DG) and the top gate to acquire a complete model for trigate FinFET using the superposition principle; (b) to mimic the actual source/drain (S/D) doping, we included Gaussian doping in our proposed model; (c) with the incorporation of the laterally extended gate and S/D underlap. The model data are found in good agreement with the well-calibrated simulation data. We have taken the parabolic approximation method and appropriate boundary conditions to solve the Poisson’s equation.
The Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Parkinson’s Disease Patients Treated by Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation

Background Everyday functioning and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) play a vital role in preserving the quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) after deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS). Objective The main goal of the current study was to examine IADL change in pre-and post-surgery of the STN-DBS. We also analyzed the influence of the levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) and global cognitive performance (Dementia Rating Scale; DRS-2) as covariates in relation to IADL. Methods Thirty-two non-demented PD patients were administered before and after STN-DBS neurosurgery the Penn Parkinson’s Daily Activities Questionnaire (PDAQ; self-report), the DRS-2 and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) to assess IADL change, global cognition, and depression. Results We found a positive effect of STN-DBS on IADL in the post-surgery phase. Moreover, lower global cognition and lower LEDD are predictive of lower IADL in both pre-surgery and post-surgery examinations. Summary/Conclusion STN-DBS in PD is a safe method for improvement of everyday functioning and IADL. In the post-surgery phase, we show a relation of IADL to the severity of cognitive impairment in PD and to LEDD.
Image Analysis of TVCDS in Infertile Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

In order to analyze and examine the TVCDS images of infertile patients, this paper conducted an in-depth study based on the symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome. Through the sample size estimation method, mathematical analysis, and other methods, the image examination of the polycystic ovary in TVCDS was successfully analyzed. 86 cases of infertile patients with PCS were divided into a control group treated with clomiphene alone and an observation group treated with clomiphene combined with TCM periodic therapy, with 43 patients in each group. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results show that the treatment effective rate and pregnancy success rate of the observation group were 95.35% and 88.37%, respectively, and those of the control group were 83.72% and 76.74%, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). It was understood that the main pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome is the abnormal balance of kidney, qi, and blood meridians. Thus, the balance of kidney-anemone-chong Ren-uprisal is broken and the result is infertility symptoms or irregular menstruation. After a study on TVCDS in infertile patients, it was observed that the levels of progesterone (P) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in patients with irregular menstruation were significantly increased. The increase was higher than that in the control group, with an overall negative rate of 4.00%, compared with 18.00% of the control group, showing a significant difference. It also indicates that TVCDS image examination has a very significant effect on improving menstrual irregularities and reducing the incidence of adverse reactions.
Bentonite Powder XRD Quantitative Analysis Using Rietveld Refinement: Revisiting and Updating Bulk Semiquantitative Mineralogical Compositions

Bentonite is a claystone formed by a complex mineralogical mixture, composed of montmorillonite, illite, and accessory minerals like quartz, cristobalite, feldspars, carbonates, and minor amounts of iron oxy-hydroxides. Bentonite presents complexity at various scales: (1): a single mineral may present different chemical composition within the same quarry (e.g., feldspars solid solutions); (2): montmorillonite presents variability in the cation-exchange distribution while illite may be presented as mixed-layer with smectite sheets; and (3): hardness and crystal size are larger in accessory minerals than in clay minerals, preventing uniform grinding of bentonite. The FEBEX bentonite used is originally from Almería (Spain), and it is a predominantly calcium, magnesium, and sodium bentonite. This Spanish FEBEX bentonite has been hydrothermally altered at laboratory scale for 7–14 years. A thermal gradient was generated by heating a disk of pressed iron powder, simulating the metal waste canister, in contact with the compacted bentonite sample. Hydration was forced from the opposite direction. XRD recorded patterns were very similar. In order to minimize the bias of XRD semi-quantitative determination methods, Rietveld refinement was performed using BGMN software and different structural models. Confidence in the quantification of the main phases allows us to convincingly detect other subtle changes such as the presence of calcite in the hydration front, right at the interface between the saturated and unsaturated bentonite, or the presence of goethite, and not hematite, in the saturated bentonite, near the source of hydration. Smectite component was 72 ± 3% and the refinement was consistent with the presence of ~10% illite, comparable with previous characterizations.
Changes in global ocean circulation due to isopycnal diffusion

We investigate changes in the ocean circulation due to the variation of isopycnal diffusivity (kiso) in a global non-eddy-resolving model. Although isopycnal diffusion is thought to have minor effects on interior density gradients, the model circulation shows a surprisingly large sensitivity to the changes: With increasing kiso, the strength of the Atlantic residual overturning circulation (AMOC) and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) transport weaken. At high latitudes, the isopycnal diffusion diffuses temperature and salinity upward and poleward, and at low latitudes downward close to the surface. Increasing isopycnal diffusivity increases the meridional isopycnal fluxes whose meridional gradient is equatorward, hence leading to a negative contribution to the flux divergence in the tracer equations and predominant cooling and freshening equatorward of 40°. The effect on temperature overcompensates the countering effect of salinity diffusion, such that the meridional density differences decrease, along with which ACC and AMOC decrease. We diagnose the adjustment process to the new equilibrium with increased isopycnal diffusion, to assess how the other terms in the tracer equations react to the increased kiso. It reveals that around ± 40° latitude, the cooling induced by the increased isopycnal flux is only partly compensated by warming by advection, explaining the net cooling. Overall, the results emphasize the importance of isopycnal diffusion on ocean circulation and dynamics, and hence the necessity of its careful representation in models.