Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Histochemical determination of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in normal and ethanol-induced chick embryo during neural tube development

Alcohol as a teratogenic agent inhibits cell growth, function, proliferation and migration by affecting macromolecules, and can induce cell death. Prenatal ethanol exposure causes neural tube defects (NTD) and growth deficiency in experimental animals. NTDs are a group of malformations that result in failure of neural tube (NT) closure in early embryonic development and are among the most common congenital malformations in humans. NTDs are also associated with a number of other central nervous system malformations. Basal layers are the most densely stained structures with Alcian blue which determines glycosaminoglycan (GAG) types. While all sulphated GAGs were observed in the basal layers of NT of the embryos in control and saline-injected groups, hyaluronic acid was dominant in the 10% alcohol-administered embryos. It was reduced in the 15% alcohol-administered embryos and keratan sulphate was significantly low in 20% samples. Especially in the control and saline-injected groups, chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate were highly expressed around cells migrating from the NT, while the same were reduced in 10% alcohol-administered embryos. In 15% alcoholadministered embryos, while the heparine and heparane sulphate were dense around cells migrating from the NT, staining specificities were decreased in 20% alcohol-administered embryos in same regions. Increased alcohol degrees cause decrease of the GAG types in both areas. Key words : Neural tube development, alcohol, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), chick.
Identification Elements of Optimal Organisational Model of Tourism Education in Slovenia

The main aim of the research was to identify the elements of a suitable organisational educational model for tourism in Slovenia. Our research was based on the need of inner circular reflexive performance of the individual in the tourism education model, institutionalised concept of education, which is viewed by outer reflexive model of tourism educational institutions performance and functional practical interaction of individuals and tourism institutions at the development of innovative potentials in the field of tourism. Tendencies to develop complex and qualitative services coming from permanent strengthening of innovative potential of tourism services are common in this field. It is necessary to develop a suitable model in the field of tourism education that places an individual in the educational process taking into account his/her conscious reflection, rational reflection and acquired motivation for solving complex projects in various levels of tourism. Suitable tourism education model, which is level-structured, is expanded in two ways. It includes the active role of an individual in rationalising practical knowledge and strengthening the innovative potential in developing his/her competences, and the role of tourism education institutions. The organisational cultural dimension can be observed as dual activity structure distinguishing between conscious reflection of the external environment on the level of educational institution and internal practical consciousness on the level of individual development of competences. Giddens structuration theory is used as a conceptual frame explaining the organisational-cultural dimensions of suitably structured educational model for tourism in Slovenia. The conclusion is based on the fact that an individual does not acknowledge the multilevel structure of study at higher education where there is an absence of conscious, practical and motivational reflection. Organisational cultural environment in the field of tourism education in Slovenia prefers practical and functional ways of acquiring competences on a higher and postgraduate (Master’s) level of study. Due to the structured changes implemented by the Bologna process, competences are not realised on the higher education level but on the postgraduate (Master’s) level, which demands a systematic review and a suitable education model change.
X-raying the AU Microscopii debris disk

AU Mic is a young, nearby X-ray active M-dwarf with an edge-on debris disk. Debris disk are the successors to the gaseous disks usually surrounding pre-main sequence stars which form after the first few Myrs of their host stars' lifetime, when - presumably -also the planet formation takes place. Since X-ray transmission spectroscopy is sensitive to the chemical composition of the absorber, features in the stellar spectrum of AU Mic caused by its debris disk can in principle be detected. The upper limits we derive from our high resolution Charedra LETGS X-ray spectroscopy are on the same order as those from UV absorption measurements, consistent with the idea that AU Mic's debris disk possesses an inner hole with only a very low density of sub-micron sized grains or gas.
An Optimal Control Approach to Decentralized Energy-Efficient Coverage Problems

Abstract One of the challenges of working with multi-agent systems is the limited energy of the agents, especially when the agents are flying vehicles with limited batteries to save weight. The main contribution of this paper is to formulate the energy-efficient coverage problem as an optimal control problem. The optimal control problem will be related to Lloyd's algorithm. The solution to the optimal control problem is spatially distributed over Delaunay graphs and provides an energy-efficient local controller to maximize the coverage. As a second contribution, by imposing constraints on the parameters of the optimal control problem we guarantee that the agents maintain their energy during the coverage task. As expected, weighting the speed of the agents against the coverage objective will decrease energy consumption in the multi-agent system. Several examples demonstrate the performance of the energy-efficient approach.
FROM PROTEIN SEQUENCE TO PROTEIN SPECIFICITY: COMPLETELY AUTOMATED DISCOVERY AND MAPPING OF SPECIFICITY DETERMINING RESIDUES

Motivation: Most proteins bind and recognize specific targets such as other proteins, specific sites on DNA or RNA and small molecules. Specific recognition is essential for all cellular functions and is frequently affected in diseases. A detailed molecular understanding of protein specificity is essential for structure-based drug design, understanding of effects of mutations and rational manipulation of protein specificity. Results: A robust, completely automated bionformatics framework for the recognition of specificity determining residues has been developed and tested. Availability: At the time of this writing the program is not available for public use. Computations for individual proteins can be performed on request to the authors. We plan to make our method available as a World Wide Web server in the future.
UML generator – use case and class diagram generation from text requirements

This research mainly focused on automation of Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams from the analyzed requirement text using Natural Language Processing (NLP). The looks and styles of software engineering have been completely changed in the recent times. These days’ step of software engineering follows the rules of Object Oriented design patterns. All phases of software engineering are deviating from the conventions and new paradigms are more popular these days. Same the case is with Software analysis process which uses Unified Modeling Language to map and model the user requirements. Analysis is the key process of building modern information system applications and base for the robust and vigorous software application’s design and development. Nowadays everybody needs a quick and reliable service. It was needed to have some sort of quick, accurate and intelligent software for generating UML based documentations to save time and budget of both the user and system analyst
Systemic Delivery of PEGylated NEL-like Molecule-1 (NELL-1) on Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss In Mice As a Novel Strategy For Osteoporosis Therapy

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease where decreased bone quality and quantity increases the rate of fractures. It serves as one of the largest skeletal aging problems worldwide. Like many other chronic diseases, osteoporosis affects the majority of the elderly population, especially females after menopause. The prevalence of bone disease and fractures is projected to increase markedly as the population increases(1). Bone disease and many other factors related to fractures will have an enormous impact on the future well-being of Americans and worldwide. NELL-1 is an osteogenic, secretory molecule previously shown to enhance bone regeneration in various rodent and ovine skeletal defect models. Systemic delivery of NELL-1 via intravenous (IV) injections not only increases murine bone mineral density (BMD) and percent bone volume, but also increases new bone formation throughout the overall skeleton(2). Astoundingly, in the past, we have shown that systemic delivery of NELL-1 induces robust bone formation in healthy mice, which were injected intravenously every 7 days. Here, we investigate the potential of systemic administration of PEGylated NELL-1 (NELL-PEG) every 7 days to see the increases in femoral BMD, percent bone volume and also new bone formation throughout the overall skeleton after four weeks of treatment to reverse ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporotic bone loss in mice. First, we have successfully established osteoporotic mouse model that mimics the human post-menopausal osteoporosis by surgical removal of ovaries. To monitor the changes in BMD in vivo dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed biweekly. After four weeks of treatment, animals were sacrificed for microCT and histological analyses.Overall, these findings implied that systemic delivery of NELL-PEG in OVX mice would provide a novel strategy for osteoporosis therapy; nonetheless, further studies are needed to determine the optimum dosage and the efficacy of various routes of drug administration.Keywords: NELL-1, PEGylation, osteoporosis, systemic osteogenic therapy
Colorimetric Immunocapture Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of the Potato virus Y

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assay is a novel technique for amplifying DNA under constant temperature, with high specificity, sensitivity, rapidity and efficiency. To diminish the time required for some diagnostic assays including Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR), Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) and also DAS-ELISA into a minimum level, an innovative colorimetric IC-RT-LAMP and IC-RT-PCR protocol on the basis of Potato Virus Y (PVY) genome were used and optimized. Firstly, DAS-ELISA assay was performed to detect of the virus in a collection containing 95 suspicious samples. Lastly, five samples were detected as the positive samples. Then, the positive samples were verified by molecular methods. In this regard, all four RT-LAMP primers (i.e. F3, B3, FIP and BIP) together with RT-PCR primers (F and B) were selected on the basis of coat protein gene (CP) of PVY genome. Even though DAS-ELISA, RT-PCR and RT-LAMP assays could successfully detect positive infected plant samples, considering the time, safety, sensitivity, cost and simplicity, the last one was overall superior. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the RT-LAMP assay was 100 times sensitive and 3 time faster compared to RT-PCR. LAMP assay was accomplished in the water bath either frees from any thermal cycler machine or sophisticated laboratories facility. Meanwhile, among six different visual dyes to accurately detect IC–RT-LAMP products, Hydroxynaphthol blue, GeneFinderTM and SYBR Green I could produce long stable colour change and brightness in a close tube-based approach to prevent cross-contamination risk, concluded eventually as the best ones. We accordingly propose this colorimetric assay as a highly reliable alternative viral recognition system regarding PVY recognition and probably other viral-based diseases.
The Jungle Universe and its Twisting Species

In this paper, we show that the dynamics of homogeneous and isotropic FriedmannLematre universes can be studied with population dynamics, in particular with the generalized Lotka-Volterra equation where the competitive species are the barotropic fluids filling the Universe. Without coupling between those fluids, Lotka-Volterra formulation offers a pedagogical way to interpret usual Friedmann-Lematre cosmological dynamics. When the cosmological fluids are coupled however, we establish new dynamical properties of Friedmann-Lematre universes consisting of cycles between its interacting components. This provides a new asymptotic behavior for cosmic expansion in presence of coupled species, beyond the standard de Sitter, Einstein-de Sitter and Milne cosmologies. Finally, we conjecture that chaos can appear for at least four interacting fluids.
Real-time Video Annotation using MPEG-7 Motion Activity Descriptors

The MPEG-7 standard provides a framework of standardized tools that can be used to describe and efficiently manage multimedia content. Visual descriptors include color, texture, shape and motion. In this paper, we address the hardware implementation of MPEG-7 motion descriptors using Handel-C. In particular, descriptors for motion intensity and spatial distribution of motion activity are generated and implemented.
Approximate treatment of seafloor topographic effects in three-dimensional marine magnetotelluric inversion

Seafloor magnetotelluric (MT) observations using ocean bottom electromagnetometers (OBEMs) provide information on the electrical conductivity structure of the oceanic mantle. A three-dimensional (3-D) analysis is particularly important for marine MT data because the electric and magnetic fields observed on the seafloor are distorted by the rugged seafloor topography and the distribution of land and ocean. Incorporating topography into 3-D models is crucial to making accurate estimates of the oceanic mantle’s conductivity structure. Here we propose an approximate treatment of seafloor topography to accurately incorporate the effect of topography without significantly increasing the computational burden. First, the topography (lateral variation in water depth) is converted to lateral variation in effective conductivity by volumetric averaging. Second, we compute the electric and magnetic field components used to calculate the MT responses at arbitrary points from the electric field components on staggered grids, using a modified interpolation and extrapolation scheme. To verify the performance of this approximate treatment of seafloor topography in 3-D inversions, we tested the method using synthetic seafloor datasets and both 3-D forward modeling and inversion. The results of the synthetic inversions show that a given conductivity anomaly in the oceanic upper mantle can be recovered with sufficient accuracy after several iterations.
POTENTIAL GLOBAL RANGE EXPANSION OF A NEW INVASIVE SPECIES, THE ERYTHRINA GALL WASP, QUADRASTICHUS ERYTHRINAE KIM (INSECTA: HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE)

Erythrina gall wasp, Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim, was first described in 2004. It has become a gall-inducing invader and can result in the death of Erythrina trees in affected areas. The most serious aspect of the threat was its enormous expansion rate and sudden outbreaks. The aim of this paper is to predict the potential geographical distribution of erythrina gall wasp on a global scale. The Genetic Algorithm for Rule-Set Prediction (GARP) was used to analyze its potential expansion based on occurrence records and environmental data. The results indicate that Q. erythrinae will affect wide areas of Asia, Africa, Oceania, South America, and reach the southern part of North America. The predicted potential range is far-reaching and pan-tropical, and includes tropical rainforest, tropical monsoon, subtropical monsoon and tropical savannah climates. Vegetation types and humidity are predicted to be limiting factors for its spread. Based on the currently reported distribution pattern and predicted ranges of expansion of the erythrina gall wasp, it is possible that Africa was the area of origin.
SEARCHING FOR SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES WITHIN TRANSITION DISK OBJECTS

Transition disks (TDs) are intermediate stage circumstellar disks characterized by an inner gap within the disk structure. To test whether these gaps may have been formed by closely orbiting, previously undetected stellar companions, we collected high-resolution optical spectra of 31 TD objects to search for spectroscopic binaries (SBs). Twenty-four of these objects are in Ophiuchus and seven are within the Coronet, Corona Australis, and Chameleon I star-forming regions. We measured radial velocities for multiple epochs, obtaining a median precision of 400 ms−1. We identified double-lined SB SSTc2d J163154.7–250324 in Ophiuchus, which we determined to be composed of a K7(±0.5) and a K9(±0.5) star, with orbital limits of a < 0.6 au and P < 150 days. This results in an SB fraction of 0.04 − 0.03 + 0.12 ? > in Ophiuchus, which is consistent with other spectroscopic surveys of non-TD objects in the region. This similarity suggests that TDs are not preferentially sculpted by the presence of close binaries and that planet formation around close binaries may take place over similar timescales to that around single stars.
Seniority-based pay: is it used as a motivation device?

The purpose of this article is to explain what factors determine the use of seniority-based pay for production workers in Spanish manufacturing industry. The data used in order to achieve these objectives was taken from 774 Spanish industrial plants. The estimation of several ordered probit models enabled us to see that in firms where it was more costly for management to engage in opportunistic behaviour, deferred payment shows a negative relation to the use of devices, like monitoring or incentive payment, designed to align workers’ objectives with those of the company.
Laser-driven particle and photon beams and some applications

Outstanding progress has been made in high-power laser technology in the last 10 years with laser powers reaching petawatt (PW) values. At present, there are 15 PW lasers built or being built around the world and plans are afoot for new, even higher power, lasers reaching values of exawatt (EW) or even zetawatt (ZW) powers. Petawatt lasers generate electric fields of 1012 V m−1 with a large fraction of the total pulse energy being converted to relativistic electrons with energies reaching in excess of 1 GeV. In turn these electrons result in the generation of beams of protons, heavy ions, neutrons and high-energy photons. These laser-driven particle beams have encouraged many to think of carrying out experiments normally associated with conventional nuclear accelerators and reactors. To this end a number of introductory articles have been written under a trial name ‘Laser Nuclear Physics’ (Ledingham and Norreys 1999 Contemp. Phys. 40 367, Ledingham et al 2002 Europhys. News. 33 120, Ledingham et al 2003 Science 300 1107, Takabe et al 2001 J. Plasma Fusion Res. 77 1094). However, even greater strides have been made in the last 3 or 4 years in laser technology and it is timely to reassess the potential of laser-driven particle and photon beams. It must be acknowledged right from the outset that to date laser-driven particle beams have yet to compete favourably with conventional nuclear accelerator-generated beams in any way and so this is not a paper comparing laser and conventional accelerators. However, occasionally throughout the paper as a reality check, it will be mentioned what conventional nuclear accelerators can do.
Tight-Binding Parametrization for Photonic Band Gap Materials

ever, there exist two important differences. First, Mie resonances’ states are not localized; in fact, they decay too slowly, as 1yr as r ! ‘, and this may lead to divergences in some matrix elements. However, in a lattice environment they may be taken as localized, with a localization length comparable to the interparticle dimension. Second, in the classical wave case, as opposed to the electronic case, the host medium supports propagating solutions for every frequency. For large wavelengths, this is the dominant propagation mode since no resonances have been excited yet, while for wavelengths comparable to the particle dimension, transmission is achieved mainly through transfer between neighboring localized resonances. Thus, we may assume that the lowest frequency band is plane wavelike, while the higher bands are TB-like. This picture is more easily justified in the case of wide gaps and narrow bands, but its validity seems to be much wider. Within the framework of the systems we studied, we verified this picture. Furthermore, we were able to show that the TB matrix elements, after an appropriate rescaling, are functions of the distance only. We will consider the scalar case of a 2D periodic array of N infinitely long dielectric cylinders in vacuum, with periodic boundary conditions and with the incident plane wave E polarized. We assume the normalized electric field for each band to be given by Ens$
Managing Britain's ponds - conservation lessons from a Norfolk farm

Ponds are a tremendous, but still largely unrecognised resource for nature conservation in the British Isles. This is especially true in agricultural areas, where, if sufficiently buffered from the farmland, ponds afford wonderful watery patches, often buzzing with species. A recent article in British Wildlife admirably celebrated the high conservation value of newly excavated ‘clean-water’ ponds as delivered by the Million Ponds Project (Williams et al. 2010a). We shall not dig over this ground again. Instead, we hack through the undergrowth of another approach to pond conservation, namely the restoration and management of our existing pond resource. This story comes from a Norfolk farm, but has parallels all over Britain, where ponds are common features in the landscape. On a journey along Norfolk’s rural roads, the pond-hunter will find his or her quarry by searching for circular clumps of trees out in the fields. These mini-woodlands often betray the position of ‘marl pit’ ponds (Box 1). A closer inspection of the ponds reveals them to be almost entirely invaded by trees, with little in the way of open water. And herein lie the debate and some uncertainty in the field of pond conservation: should ponds be managed to reduce terrestrialisation, or should we leave them undisturbed and dig some new ones instead? Currently, the UK’s dominant pondconservation strategy is focused around pond creaCarl Sayer, Ewan Shilland, Helen Greaves, Bernard Dawson, Ian Patmore, Dave Emson, Emily Alderton, Pete Robinson, Katie Andrews, Jan Axmacher and Emma Wiik Managing Britain’s ponds – conservation lessons from a Norfolk farm
A HYBRID CREDIBILITY ANALYSIS METHOD APPLIED ON TURKISH TWEETS WITH TV NEWS AND DISCUSSION PROGRAMS RELATED CONTENT

In this paper, credibility analysis of microblog messages is studied. We collected our data from one of the most important microblogging services, Twitter. Our data set is created from the Turkish tweets written for weekly television programs broadcast in Turkey with political, cultural and/or ﬁnancial contents. We adapted a new credibility deﬁnition based on three dimensions: being free from offensive words, not being spam and being newswor-thy. To analyse credibility of tweets, we proposed a method by hybridizing supervised learning based techniques with graph based techniques. More-over we used content based and collaborative ﬁlter-ing based techniques in this hybrid method. The proposed method consists of two phases: supervised learning phase and graph based improvement phase. Supervised classiﬁcation algorithms are applied in the ﬁrst phase and the results are improved in the graph based phase of the method. We focused on tweet-tweet, tweet-writer and writer-writer relations in the second phase of our study. The performance of the proposed method is measured by comparing it with human volunteers’ overall evaluation at the end.