Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vibrational Spectroscopy of Carbohydrates and Glycoconjugates

In this contribution, an overview of infrared and Raman spectroscopic analytic work carried out with a biologically important molecular class, the sugars, is given. This comprises pure sugars, that is, mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates, the latter represented by glycolipids and glycoproteins. The contribution is divided into sections—‘General Aspects’, subdivided into ‘Chemical structures’, ‘Infrared and Raman frequencies and band assignments’, and ‘Structural polymorphism’; ‘Methodological Studies’; ‘Analyses of Carbohydrates’, subdivided into ‘Mono- and oligosaccharides’ and ‘Polysaccharides’; ‘Analyses of Glycoconjugates’, subdivided into ‘Glycolipids and lipopolysaccharides’, ‘Glycoproteins and other glyco-linked compounds; and finally ‘Interaction Studies’, subdivided into ‘Sugar-protein interaction’, ‘Sugar-membrane and sugar-lipid interactions’, and ‘Interactions of sugars with other agents'. Keywords: sugars; oligosaccharides; polysaccharides; glycans; glycoconjugates; glycoproteins; lipopolysaccharides; sugar-protein and sugar-lipid interaction
Redesign of calcium-regulated protein aequorin towards the development of a novel ion bioreporter

This thesis aimed to design novel sensor proteins that can identify and measure various metal ions in vivo and in situ. Metal ions play key role in the metabolism of the cell, and monitoring of calcium has helped interrogate cellular processes such as fertilisation, contraction and apoptosis. Real-time monitoring of more divalent metal ions like zinc and copper is required to gain much needed insight into brain function and associated disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Aequorin is a calcium-regulated photoprotein originally isolated from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. Due to its high sensitivity to calcium and its non-invasive nature, aequorin has been used as a real-time indicator of calcium ions in biological systems for more than forty years. The protein complex consists of the polypeptide chain apoaequorin and a tightly bound chromophore (coelenterazine). Trace amounts of calcium ions trigger conformational changes in the protein, which in turn facilitate the intermolecular oxidation of coelenterazine and concomitant production of CO2 and a flash of blue light. Aequorin’s light emitting reaction can also be triggered by a range of other divalent and trivalent cations, leading however to significantly lower light yields. Based on aequorin’s promiscuity towards other ions, this project tested the hypothesis that aequorin’s preference for certain cations could be manipulated through mutations engineered in one or more of the three calcium-binding loops (EF-hands). In order to test the hypothesis, the following six stages were performed: cloning of the apoaequorin gene for expression in E. coli; development of a high-throughput assay for expression and measurement of bioluminescent activity in microwells; design of a library containing forty eight mutant variants of aequorin; screening of the library against seven metal ions; protein purification of wild-type aequorin and one selected mutant; analysis of activity and kinetics of purified wild type and one chosen mutant against all seven ions. This work produced mutants with shifted selectivity towards new metal ions at the cost of luminescence yield. The impact of mutations is analysed and it is suggested that one of the EF-hands (EF-I) is likely to serve as a gatekeeper to aequorin’s selectivity. It was also shown that at least one mutant utilised zinc ions (that wild type failed to utilise) to achieve low levels of bioluminescent activity.
Intravascular pressure stimulates functional Kv1.5 surface expression in mesenteric artery smooth muscle cells

Intravascular pressure stimulates arterial depolarization, leading to myocyte voltage‐dependent K+ (KV) channel activation that opposes the resulting vasoconstriction. We tested the hypothesis that membrane potential regulates KV channel surface expression to modulate mesenteric artery contractility. Q‐PCR indicated predominant expression of KV1.5 and 2.1, with lower levels of 1.2 and 2.2 in mesenteric arteries. In isolated arteries at zero pressure, ~70% of total and surface KV1.5 protein was lost in 3 hrs. Total or surface KV2.1 protein did not change. KV1.5 or 2.1 mRNA were also unchanged. Depolarization (30 mM K+) prevented loss of KV1.5 and this was blocked by nimodipine, a voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channel blocker. Bafilomycin, a lysosome inhibitor, prevented KV1.5 loss, and MG‐132, a proteasome inhibitor, inhibited loss by ~50% in non‐pressurized arteries. The functional significance of KV1.5 surface expression was studied in arteries maintained at low (10 mmHg) or physiological (80 mmHg) pressure (3 hrs), with diameter regulation then measured at 80 mmHg. Vasoconstriction to psora‐4, a KV1 inhibitor, or 4‐AP, a broad KV inhibitor, was larger in arteries maintained at physiological pressure than those at low pressure. Data indicate that intravascular pressure inhibits degradation of KV1.5 channels and thus, maintains functional surface expression of these proteins in arterial myocytes. NHLBI/NIH
Mixed Oscillation Flow of Binary Fluid with Minus One Capillary Ratio in the Czochralski Crystal Growth Model

This work presented a series of three-dimensional unsteady numerical simulations on the characteristics of the mixed oscillation flows of binary mixture in a Czochralski crystal growth model. The silicon-germanium melt is investigated and the capillary ratio is minus one. The simulation results showed that, for the special capillary ratio, the thermal and solutocapillary forces are imposed in opposite directions and counteract each other. With the effect of buoyancy, the balance between the capillary forces is disturbed. Mixed with the forced convection driven by rotation, the capillary-buoyancy convection is complex. The basic mixed flow streamlines are presented as various rolling cells. The directions of the rolls are dependent on the combinations of surface and body forces. With the increase of temperature gradient, the basic flow stability is broken, and the oscillations occur. The crucible rotation has an effective influence on the stability enhancement. However, affected by the crystal rotation, the critical condition experiences an increase to a turning point, and then undergoes a sharp reduction to zero. Once the instability is incubated, the surface oscillations are analyzed. For the three-dimensional steady flow, only spatial oscillations are observed circumferentially, and the surface patterns of spokes, rosebud, and pulsating ring are obtained. For the unsteady oscillation flow, the spiral hydrosoultal waves, rotating waves, and superimposition of spirals and spokes are observed, and the oscillation behaviors are also discussed.
Three Simple Spectrophotmetric Methods Using for Estimation of Vancomycin in Pure and Vial Injection

Three rapid, accurate and ecological friendly spectrophotometric methods are used for determination of Vancomycin at wavelength 200 nm for the zero-order method, 195-205 nm for the area under the curve (AUC) method and 200 nm for the first derivative method(D1). A calibration graph shows that Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range between 4-16 mg.L-1 for all three methods with a correlation coefficient of 0.994, 0.998 and 0.997 for zero-order, AUC and D1 at valley 200 nm, respectively. Average of Rec. % were found to be of 100.870, 101.425 and 99.515 for zero-order, AUC and D1 at valley 200 nm, respectively. Statistical analysis of data reveals that all three methods are precise, accurate and suitable for the application Vancomycin in pure and pharmaceutical preparations.
A theoretical framework for transitioning from patient-level to population-scale epidemiological dynamics: influenza A as a case study

Multi-scale epidemic forecasting models have been used to inform population-scale predictions with within-host models and/or infection data collected in longitudinal cohort studies. However, most multi-scale models are complex and require significant modelling expertise to run. We formulate an alternative multi-scale modelling framework using a compartmental model with multiple infected stages. In the large-compartment limit, our easy-to-use framework generates identical results compared to previous more complicated approaches. We apply our framework to the case study of influenza A in humans. By using a viral dynamics model to generate synthetic patient-level data, we explore the effects of limited and inaccurate patient data on the accuracy of population-scale forecasts. If infection data are collected daily, we find that a cohort of at least 40 patients is required for a mean population-scale forecasting error below 10%. Forecasting errors may be reduced by including more patients in future cohort studies or by increasing the frequency of observations for each patient. Our work, therefore, provides not only an accessible epidemiological modelling framework but also an insight into the data required for accurate forecasting using multi-scale models.
Single-Trial EEG Classification with EEGNet and Neural Structured Learning for Improving BCI Performance

Research and development of new machine learning techniques to augment the performance of Brain-computer Interfaces (BCI) have always been an open area of interest among researchers. The need to develop robust and generalised classifiers has been one of the vital requirements in BCI for realworld application. EEGNet is a compact CNN model that had been reported to be generalised for different BCI paradigms. In this paper, we have aimed at further improving the EEGNet architecture by employing Neural Structured Learning (NSL) that taps into the relational information within the data to regularise the training of the neural network. This would allow the EEGNet to make better predictions while maintaining the structural similarity of the input. In addition to better performance, the combination of EEGNet and NSL is more robust, works well with smaller training samples and requires on separate feature engineering, thus saving the computational cost. The proposed approach had been tested on two standard motor imagery datasets: the first being a two-class motor imagery dataset from Graz University and the second is the 4-class Dataset 2a from BCI competition 2008. The accuracy has shown that our combined EEGNet an NSL approach is superior to the sole EEGNet model.
Dual-Wavelength Diffuse Optical Tomographic System for Direct Concentration Measurement

This article presents a promising dual-wavelength continuous wave (CW) diffuse optical tomography (DOT) system for direct estimation of concentrations and hemodynamic parameters for potential application in detection of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The generalized curved-beam reconstruction technique is modified for direct estimation of hemodynamic parameters. The Rosenbrock’s function is fit to estimate the photon path as curved one followed by majority photons that enabled the use of modified Beer–Lambert law (MBLL) in differential form with assumption that unknown absorption coefficient ( $\mu _{a}$ ) varies from one path to another. The $\mu _{a}$ values are calculated and back-projected along the photon paths for image reconstruction without solving the inverse problem. Thus, stability is not an issue in image reconstruction. Also, there is no need for baseline measurement and prior information on perturbation, unlike the iterative methods used for dynamic imaging. The reconstructed images of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of a healthy male volunteer showed good consistency and are used for direct optical estimation of the physiological parameters. A novel application of optical imaging beyond biomedical applications is demonstrated by imaging the gradual dispersion of viscous Indian ink and glycerin mixture in turbid water with encouraging results.
The Effects of Secondary Cancers on Survival in Patients with Breast, Lung and Prostate Cancer

METHODS We analyzed data on 6179 patients who had lung, breast or prostate cancer as their first primary cancer. All patients were recorded in the Cancer Registry Unit of the Health Directorate of Antalya Province of Turkey. We analyzed the data concerning each of the three first primaries. We utilised Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and log-rank test to compare the overall survival rates of patients with single primary tumors and patients with multiple primary tumors. In addition, we stratified data according to age, gender, number of primary tumors (patients with single primary, patients with multiple primaries), or disease stage of the first primary (metastatic, non-metastatic). Lastly, potential prognostic factors were separately evaluated in Cox-regression models.
Multiparameter Full-Waveform Inversion of 3-D On-Ground GPR With a Modified Total Variation Regularization Scheme

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) full-waveform inversion (FWI) is an emerging near-surface high-resolution imaging technology that has been widely used in GPR 2-D imaging to better quantitatively evaluate the permittivity and conductivity of the subsurface. However, the 2-D imaging method limits the applicability and accuracy of FWI for the 3-D object cases. In this letter, we develop a 3-D FWI algorithm involving permittivity and conductivity for GPR in the frequency domain. The method employs the edge-based finite element method to solve the forward problem and the limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (L-BFGS) method to solve the inverse problem, which avoids the calculation of the Hessian matrix. In particular, by using the parameter scaling and scaling factor, it is convenient to carry out the simultaneous inversion of permittivity and conductivity with high efficiency. In addition, a modified total variation regularization scheme is utilized for ensuring the stability of the inversion, as well as identifying the abnormal body boundary more effectively. As a demonstration, a synthetic 3-D model experiment is presented to test the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed inversion strategy can accurately reconstruct the permittivity structure together with the conductivity distribution from the 3-D on-ground GPR data.
Reading an Opisthograph at Qumran

The opisthograph manuscripts from Qumran, scrolls written recto and verso, have already received some attention in the history of research. Scholars such as Wise,1 Tov,2 Brooke,3 and most recently Falk4 have proposed lists and in-depth studies of these texts. However, none of them really dwelt on the reading of this corpus in Qumran.5 Is it possible to know how the reading of these particular manuscripts was “performed” at Qumran? Based on Falk’s article, the most recent to date, we would like to propose a typology of the reading of opisthograph texts based on voluminological aspects.6
Discrimination, Migration, and Economic Outcomes: Evidence from World War I

This paper examines the individual and aggregate costs of ethnic discrimination. Studying Germans in the U.S. during World War I, an event that abruptly downgraded their previously high social standing, we show that anti-German sentiment was strongly associated with counties' casualties in the war, leading to subsequent outmigration of Germans. Such relocation to evade discrimination was costly for German workers. However, counties with larger outflows of Germans, who tended to be well-trained manufacturing workers, incurred economic costs too, including a drop in average annual manufacturing wages of 0.6 to 2.2 percent. This effect lasted at least until 1930.
Do Neighborhood Walkability, Transit, and Parks Relate to Residents’ Life Satisfaction?

Abstract Problem, research strategy, and findings: Planners lack clarity about how they can promote the subjective wellbeing (SWB) of the communities they serve. In this research we use descriptive and econometric methods to explore the interconnections between three aspects of the objective and perceived neighborhood built environment (NBE)—walkability, transit, and parks—and one aspect of SWB—life satisfaction—drawing on a survey of 496 people in the Phoenix (AZ) region. Respondents who were more satisfied with the quantity of neighborhood parks and lived in objectively more walkable neighborhoods expressed higher life satisfaction. Park satisfaction is linked to other life satisfaction–promoting perceptions, including greater neighborhood social connection, nature engagement, exercise opportunities, and lower neighborhood disorder. However, what shapes links between life satisfaction and walkability is less clear. Notably, objective and perceived parks access and walkability were not strongly linked and an understudied factor—perceiving neighborhood geography narrowly—was linked to lower life satisfaction. Planners should be cautious in applying these findings because they do not derive from causal methods or fully account for the propensity of more satisfied people to feel more positively about their environments or live in neighborhoods with particular qualities. Future work should also consider how our findings apply to life satisfaction across diverse places and time. Takeaway for practice: Life satisfaction is associated with neighborhood planning. Planning strategies that may increase residents’ opportunities for higher life satisfaction include a) engaging with communities to better understand and plan for parks that meet residents’ needs and b) enhancing neighborhood walkability. Planners should note that objective measures of the NBE, like walkability and parks, do not necessarily correspond to residents’ perceptions of these qualities. Further investigation into the causal links between the NBE and life satisfaction, including the complex roles that transit accessibility and resident perceptions of neighborhood geography play, is warranted.
Handbook of Plant Virus Diseases

Graminoid Food and Feed Plants Maize Wheat Barley Oat Rye Rice Sorghum Forage Feed Plants Graminoid Brome Grass Cocksfoot Grass (Dactylis) Couch Grass (Agropyron) False Oatgrass (Arrenathium) Fescue Grass Sorghum Foxtail millet Molinia Panicum Grass Ryegrass Sweet Vernal Grass Timothy Grass (Phleum) Weed Johnsongrass Leguminaceae Alfalfa Red Clover Alsike Clover Crimson Clover Subterraneum Clover White Clover Birdsfoot Trefoil Vetch Lupins, Sweetclover Vegetables Solanaceae Pepper Tomato Eggplant Cruciferae Cabbage, Cauliflower, Brussels Sprouts Radish Turnip Liliaceae Onion Shallots, Leek, Garlic Cucurbitaceae Cucumber Melon, Watermelon, Squash, Courgette Leguminaceae Bean Pea Broad Bean Cowpea (Vigna) Umlelliferae Carrot Celery Parsnip Compositae Artichoke Endive Lettuce Chenopodaceae Spinach Industrial Peanut (Groundnut) Potato Tobacco Beet (Sugar) Sugarcane Sunflower Soybean Hop Fruit Trees Pome Apple Pear Quince Stone Plum Peach Apricot Cherry Almond Shell Walnut Hazelnut Chestnut Subtropical/Tropical Avocado Banana Citrus Fig Olive Palm Papaya Small Fruit Strawberry Rubus Raspberry Black Raspberry Ribes Gooseberry Black Currant Red Currant Vaccinium Blueberry Grape Vine Acronyms Symbols of Host Names Symbols of Non-Host Names and Symptoms Glossary Index Plant Legends (Pictures)
Functional study of neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) in yeast and mice : a role for NCS-1 in learning and memory

Ce travail porte sur l'etude du "neuronal calcium sensor-1" (NCS-1). Chez la levure, nous avons montre que la deletion de yeNCS-1 est letale et que NCS-1 d'origine humaine peut se substituer a cette fonction essentielle qui ne semble pas dependre de l signalisation calcique par yeNCS-1. En plus de generer un mutant de deletion NCS-1[delta] chez la souris, nous avons produit deux lignees transgeniques de souris (Tg26 et Tg200) qui surexpriment NCS-1 dans des regions restreintes ou etendues du systeme nerveux. Cette surexpression induit une fatigue synaptique augmentee des motoneurones suggerant un accroissement du relâchement de neurotransmetteurs. Tg26 et Tg200 ont une LTP et une facilitation "paired-pulse" amelioree qui correlent avec les quantites de proteine NCS-1 dans l'hippocampe. Comme le revelent deux modeles cognitifs, les souris Tg26 ont des performances mnesiques superieures. Ces resultats indiquent que la signalisation via Ca2⁺/NCS-1 regule la plasticite synaptique et la memoire par un mecanisme presynaptique.
Researches regarding the evolution of impervious surfaces in different sites in terms of land use in Cluj-Napoca for bioretention cells implementation.

The objective of this paper is to determine the evolution of impervious surfaces in four sites inCluj-Napoca, identify sources of pollution of rainwater runoff, and identify areas in which can beimplemented bioretention cells, the results serving to the development of an efficient bioretention cell.This model should take into account the local characteristics and promotion of sustainable managementpractices of urban rainwater runoff. In order to establish the degree of coverage with impervious surfacesand the evolution of impervious surfaces in a nine years period, in the city of Cluj-Napoca, have beenselected four sites. The following types represent urban locations chosen for research: commercial areas,industrial areas, high-density residential areas, low-density residential areas. The results obtained showthat these sites have various characteristics in terms of land use, the degree of coverage with impervioussurfaces, the evolution in time of impervious surface, the sources of pollution and the size of areas inwhich bioretention cells can be implemented. The types of studied sites have provided the possibility toobtain information that will serve to develop accurate implementation models of bioretention systems,with the possibility of extending them in the other areas of Romania, (specifying will be needed minimumadjustments depending on the climate characteristic, land use, pollution etc.).
Academic Outcomes Among Diverse Community College Students: What Is the Role of Instructor Relationships?

Objective: Although much research on community colleges focuses on institutional challenges or student deficits, emerging evidence suggests that student–instructor relationships have the potential to impact student success. The current study examined factors that could influence community college students’ development of relationships with instructors and how these relationships are associated with academic engagement and achievement. Drawing on literature exploring student–instructor relationships at 4-year institutions, we hypothesized that students’ relationships with instructors may partially account for the association between student demographic and relational characteristics and academic outcomes (i.e., cognitive and behavioral engagement, grade point average [GPA]). Method: Survey data were collected from 646 ethnically and racially diverse participants, many of whom were first-, second-, or third-generation immigrants, or first-generation college students. Employing a between-subjects, cross-sectional design, we tested the main study hypotheses of mediation through a series of path analysis models using Mplus. Results: Students with higher support-seeking attitudes and students with a mentor reported closer relationships with instructors, whereas part-time students reported weaker relationships with instructors. In turn, student–instructor relationships were significantly associated with both cognitive and behavioral aspects of academic engagement and GPA. Conclusion: This study provides insight into the various factors that may influence community college students’ development of relationships with instructors and highlights the direct and indirect influence of these relationships on student success. Implications for future practice include finding strategies that can be implemented at community colleges to foster student–instructor relationships. Future research should further explore these associations using longitudinal data to gain a deeper understanding of current findings.