Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variation in the canopy color of temperate evergreen conifer forests

Summary Evergreen conifer forests are the most prevalent land cover type in North America. Seasonal changes in the color of evergreen forest canopies have been documented with near‐surface remote sensing, but the physiological mechanisms underlying these changes, and the implications for photosynthetic uptake, have not been fully elucidated. Here, we integrate on‐the‐ground phenological observations, leaf‐level physiological measurements, near surface hyperspectral remote sensing and digital camera imagery, tower‐based CO2 flux measurements, and a predictive model to simulate seasonal canopy color dynamics. We show that seasonal changes in canopy color occur independently of new leaf production, but track changes in chlorophyll fluorescence, the photochemical reflectance index, and leaf pigmentation. We demonstrate that at winter‐dormant sites, seasonal changes in canopy color can be used to predict the onset of canopy‐level photosynthesis in spring, and its cessation in autumn. Finally, we parameterize a simple temperature‐based model to predict the seasonal cycle of canopy greenness, and we show that the model successfully simulates interannual variation in the timing of changes in canopy color. These results provide mechanistic insight into the factors driving seasonal changes in evergreen canopy color and provide opportunities to monitor and model seasonal variation in photosynthetic activity using color‐based vegetation indices.
Progress and Challenges in the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Transplantation

Hosts with compromised or naive immune systems, such as individuals living with HIV/AIDS, transplant recipients, and fetuses, are at the highest risk for complications from cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Despite substantial progress in prevention, diagnostics, and treatment, CMV continues to negatively impact both solid-organ transplant (SOT) and hematologic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. In this article, we summarize important developments in the field over the past 10 years and highlight new approaches and remaining challenges to the optimal control of CMV infection and disease in transplant settings. SUMMARY Hosts with compromised or naive immune systems, such as individuals living with HIV/AIDS, transplant recipients, and fetuses, are at the highest risk for complications from cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Despite substantial progress in prevention, diagnostics, and treatment, CMV continues to negatively impact both solid-organ transplant (SOT) and hematologic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. In this article, we summarize important developments in the field over the past 10 years and highlight new approaches and remaining challenges to the optimal control of CMV infection and disease in transplant settings.
Heterogeneous Effects of Urban Public Transportation on Employment by Gender: Evidence from the Delhi Metro

Abstract The Delhi Metro is one of the leading examples of a recent urban mass transit infrastructure project in a developing country where women have traditionally suffered from constrained mobility. In this paper, we analyze the effects of the Delhi Metro on the work participation rate of women and men, using a three-period (1991, 2001, and 2011) panel data of townshiplevel zones within the city of Delhi. While the data has limitations in understanding the characteristics of individual residents in detail, we employ a difference-in-differences estimation controlling for a location fixed-effect, with a parallel trend test. The results suggest that the proximity to the Delhi Metro stations significantly increases the female work participation rate (WPR), whereas its effect on the male WPR is ambiguous with the potential to have an opposite sign. While there are number of potential mechanisms that can deliver this result, we develop a theoretical urban commuting model and argue that a larger reduction in the commuting cost for females (by offering a safer commuting mode of transportation, for example) can generate the quantified patterns of the effects on the WPR. Overall, our results relate to the literature on the quantification of the contribution of urban transport infrastructure towards inclusive growth and poverty reduction.
Mixed and Multi-Methods Protocol to Evaluate Implementation Processes and Early Effects of the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana Scheme in Seven Indian States

In September 2018, India launched Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY), a nationally implemented government-funded health insurance scheme to improve access to quality inpatient care, increase financial protection, and reduce unmet need for the most vulnerable population groups. This protocol describes the methodology adopted to evaluate implementation processes and early effects of PM-JAY in seven Indian states. The study adopts a mixed and multi-methods concurrent triangulation design including three components: 1. demand-side household study, including a structured survey and qualitative elements, to quantify and understand PM-JAY reach and its effect on insurance awareness, health service utilization, and financial protection; 2. supply-side hospital-based survey encompassing both quantitative and qualitative elements to assess the effect of PM-JAY on quality of service delivery and to explore healthcare providers’ experiences with scheme implementation; and 3. process documentation to examine implementation processes in selected states transitioning from either no or prior health insurance to PM-JAY. Descriptive statistics and quasi-experimental methods will be used to analyze quantitative data, while thematic analysis will be used to analyze qualitative data. The study design presented represents the first effort to jointly evaluate implementation processes and early effects of the largest government-funded health insurance scheme ever launched in India.
Pipette to Pallet: A Journey from Academia to Entrepreneurship

Philosophers, politicians, and scientists alike have long understood that knowledge and technological advancement play a significant, dynamic role in the wealth ofnations. Subsequently, a thirst for innovation is at the forefront of many political, societal, and philosophical agendas. Academic research has been identified as a primary source of innovationand prodigious funding has supported this commonly held belief. One of the most direct methods for translating academic innovation into economic growth is by commercializing academic research. This process, known as technology transfer and commercialization, has gained traction over recent years by researchers, institutions, and entrepreneurs due to increased exposure of academic commercialization successes. One study found that over a ten year period, the number of annual executed licenses and number of startups launched has doubled. Despite this growth in research licenses and academic grounded startups, there are still two hurdles that inhibit many would-be scientist-entrepreneurs from making the jump from the lab bench to the board room: a lack of resources, and a lack of knowledge of the process to make thejump. Developing methodologies that support scientist entrepreneurs and demolishing the stigma of technology transfer that still inhabits some pockets of academia is critical for the efficient dissemination of knowledge from the laboratory to society. This paper contributes to existing literature on technology transfer by distilling pertinent information regarding thebenefits of technology transfer and highlighting personal experiences to create a framework in which to approach technology commercialization. This framework, presented as roadmap to commercialization could be employed by academics as they embark on their own technology commercialization endeavor. Additionally, the framework could be useful for academic institutions interested in increasing their commercialization output by streamlining their technology commercialization process.
Framing Resistance Call and Response: Reading Assata Shakur's Black Revolutionary Radicalism in Palestine

I’ve known about Angela Davis since I was a teenager. But I didn’t know who Assata Shakur was until I moved to New York City in the 1980s. I heard about her from my friend, Rosemari Mealy, a former Black Panther and the first UN representative of the National Alliance of Third World Journalists, who reintroduced Assata Shakur and her struggle to the movement. Growing up under Israeli occupation of Palestine, I clearly recall my mother pointing to Angela Davis’s picture in the local paper and declaring emphatically, “She is framed. ” My father, more of a perhaps-and-maybe person than my mother ever was, turned to her, asking, “What makes you so sure that she is framed? ” Without skipping a beat, she replied, “She is Black. Of course she is framed. ” My mother was affirming what we grew up knowing with absolute certainty about the United States: It was founded as a settler colonial state that, like Israel, sought (but failed) to erase the existence of Indigenous communities, and consolidated this settler colonial project by first kidnapping and enslaving Africans, and institutionalizing racist discrimination. In our minds, these conditions resonated with the stories of Palestinian uprootedness and dispossession that we heard daily. Neither abstract nor distant, these stories of Black and Indigenous struggle were part of our families’ histories. My aunt Um Khalil had barely survived the 1948 Nakba seventy years ago; her sister, Fatima, nicknamed Um el Fedayeen (or “mother of the freedom fighters”) was expelled from her job at the Jordanian Ministry of Social Affairs following Black September, only a couple of months before she was due to retire. My cousins, like a million other Palestinians, were incarcerated in Israeli military prisons. My uncle
GENETIC ARCHITECTURE OF DIVERGENCE: THE SELFING SYNDROME IN IPOMOEA LACUNOSA

Premise of the study Highly selfing plant species frequently display a distinctive suite of traits termed the “selfing syndrome. ” This study tests the hypothesis that these traits are grouped into correlated evolutionary modules and determines the degree of independence between such modules. Methods We evaluated phenotypic correlations and QTL overlaps in F2 offspring of a cross between the morning glories Ipomoea lacunosa and I. cordatotriloba and investigated how traits clustered into modules at both the phenotypic and genetic level. We then compared our findings to other QTL studies of the selfing syndrome. Key results In the I. lacunosa selfing syndrome, traits group into modules that display correlated evolution within but not between modules. QTL overlap predicts phenotypic correlations, and QTLs affecting the same trait module are significantly physically clustered in the genome. The genetic architecture of the selfing syndrome varies across systems, but the pattern of stronger within-than between-module correlation is widespread. Conclusions The genetic architecture we observe in the selfing syndrome is consistent with a growing understanding of floral morphological integration achieved via pleiotropy in clustered traits. This view of floral evolution is consistent with resource limitation or predation driving the evolution of the selfing syndrome, but invites further research into both the selective causes of the selfing syndrome and how genetic architecture itself evolves in response to changes in mating system.
Estrogen Actions in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks estrogen receptor (ER) α, but the expression of estrogen receptors ERβ and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER-1) is able to trigger estrogen-responsivity in TNBC. Estrogen signaling in TNBC can also be activated and modulated by the constitutively active estrogen-related receptors (ERRs). In this review article, we discuss the role of ERβ and GPER-1 as mediators of E2 action in TNBC as well as the function of ERRs as activators and modulators of estrogen signaling in this cancer entity. For this purpose, original research articles on estrogen actions in TNBC were considered, which are listed in the PubMed database. Additionally, we performed meta-analyses of publicly accessible integrated gene expression and survival data to elucidate the association of ERβ, GPER-1, and ERR expression levels in TNBC with survival. Finally, options for endocrine therapy strategies for TNBC were discussed.
How useful are CORDEX products for the assessment of future agricultural drought propensity across the Indian subcontinent?

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This study aims to evaluate the future evolution of agricultural drought propensity across the Indian subcontinent through Drought Management Index (DMI), a probabilistic measure based on the concept of Reliability-Resilience-Vulnerability (RRV) of soil moisture series at a location/region (Chanda et al., 2014; Chanda and Maity, 2017). In this study, monthly gridded soil moisture products from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) framework are used after suitable bias correction, if needed. In the realm of RRV analysis, the fall of soil moisture below a threshold (e.g., Permanent Wilting Point, PWP) is considered as the &#8216;failure state&#8217;. The joint distribution of resilience (the ability of the soil moisture system to recover from a failure state) and vulnerability (severity of the deficit in soil moisture during a failure state) of soil moisture series is modelled through copulas (Nelsen, 2006; Maity, 2018) to develop the DMI. &#160; The results of this study help to assess the evolution of agricultural drought propensity, in terms of DMI, in the near (2011-2040), intermediate (2041-2070) and far future (2071-2099). The findings from multiple emission pathways, designated as Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), are compared against each other during the future period and also against the historical period. As an outcome of the study, specific regions across the Indian mainland are identified that need immediate attention for managing sustainable agricultural and allied activities in future. </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Drought Management Index (DMI), soil moisture, future drought propensity, Reliability-Resilience-Vulnerability (RRV), CORDEX</p><p><strong>&#160;</strong></p><p><strong>&#160;</strong></p><p><strong>&#160;</strong></p><p><strong>&#160;</strong></p><p><strong>References </strong></p><p>Chanda, K. , Maity, R. , Sharma, A. , and Mehrotra, R. (2014). Spatiotemporal variation of long-term drought propensity through reliability-resilience-vulnerability based Drought Management Index, Water Resources Research, 50(10), 7662-7676. </p><p>Chanda, K. , and Maity, R. (2017). Assessment of Trend in Global Drought Propensity in the Twenty-First Century Using Drought Management Index, Water Resources Management, 31(4), 1209-1225. </p><p>Maity, R. (2018). Statistical Methods in Hydrology and Hydroclimatology. Springer. </p><p>Nelsen, R. B. (2007). An introduction to copulas. Springer Science & Business Media. </p>
Precursors to Chunking Vanish as Working Memory Capacity Is Exceeded

It is known that working memory capacity is limited. But what exactly happens if it is exceeded? Is the excess simply dropped or does it affect the items that are within the capacity of working memory? Here we show that as the capacity of working memory is exceeded, a rudimentary type of learning vanishes, namely, the probability of pairing items in the order of presentation. Free recall of 500 Russian college students was measured using the Tarnow Unchunkable Test (Tarnow, 2014) consisting of sets of 3 and 4 double digit items. The average working memory capacity is exceeded with four items. In the three item test, even though items were constructed to be unchunkable, there were asymmetric associations: recalling item N was more sensitive to whether item N-1 is recalled than the other way around. These asymmetric associations are presumably precursors of “chunking” and learning. The asymmetric associations between items 1 and 2 and items 2 and 3 were similar. As the working memory capacity is exceeded in the four item test, the asymmetric association for the subject group halved from item 1 to item 2 (p=0.32) and disappeared completely from items 2 to 3 (large effect size: η2 =0.79, p=0.001) and there were no asymmetric associations from items 3 to 4.
Effect of Landslide on Energy Efficiency Chain Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor network has been used as a landslide monitoring tool for more than one decade. The robustness of the network is important as the systems need to survive in harsh conditions. In this paper, we consider the living time of the sensor network under the influences of the small-scale landslide. We investigate the performance of famous energy-efficient routing protocol PEGASIS in both landslide case and non-landslide case. Genetic Algorithm is also applied to enhance the effectiveness of PEGASIS. The simulation results in this paper showed that the Genetic Algorithm helps to delay the first node death if it is used at the beginning of data transmission while being used every round helps to prolong last node death slightly. The impact of the Genetic Algorithm on energy usage and route length is also examined. Under the effect of landslide, with only 70% of energy are spent, the simulated protocols reduced around 30% equivalent route length while managed to keep the living time up the network up to 90.76%, comparing to cases with no landslide.
Ephemeral But Influential? The Correlation between Facebook Stories Usage, Addiction, Narcissism, and Positive Affect

Despite the steep increase in Facebook Stories users, there is scant research on this topic. This study compared the associations of frequency of Stories update, frequency of news feed updates, time spent reading Stories, and time spent reading news feeds, with regard to social media addiction, narcissism, and positive affect in college students. We recruited a sample of 316 college students from Taiwan. The analytical results show that Facebook Stories are more addictive and provoke more positive affect than conventional news feeds. Moreover, only usage behaviors associated with Stories predict narcissism. This study also found that the prediction of news feeds with regard to addiction, narcissism, and positive affect also seems to be diminishing and is being replaced by those of Stories. Future studies on the psychological consequences and predictors of social media usage should regard Stories as a crucial variable.
The Occupational Health of Female Immigrant Caregivers: A Qualitative Approach

In general, immigrants suffer poor working conditions. This is particularly true in the case of women, who constitute 48% of international migrants, and these poor conditions are closely linked to the sectors they mainly occupy, such as domestic and care-giving services. The aim of the present study was to investigate the working conditions of the female immigrant population living in southern Spain and how these conditions may affect their health. A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and discussion groups was conducted over one year in 2019, with 61 immigrant women recruited. The sectors occupied by immigrant women were caregiving for dependent people and domestic services. Most of the female immigrants interviewed were working (63.94%), although the majority were employed in an irregular situation, with a very long working day. Among the main risks identified were biological risks, physical attacks, falls, wounds and musculoskeletal complaints related to handling patients and carrying out household chores. Most of them had not taken an occupational health test and did not report accidents occurring in the workplace for fear of losing their jobs. The main health problems were related to physical and mental health (such as musculoskeletal diseases and stress). These findings highlight the importance of making a major change in our perspective regarding the social value of including immigrant women in the labour market and the different aspects related to their health.
Crystal Structure and Inhibitor Identifications Reveal Targeting Opportunity for the Atypical MAPK Kinase ERK3

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3 (ERK3), known also as mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MAPK6), is an atypical member of MAPK kinase family, which has been poorly studied. Little is known regarding its function in biological processes, yet this atypical kinase has been suggested to play important roles in the migration and invasiveness of certain cancers. The lack of tools, such as a selective inhibitor, hampers the study of ERK3 biology. Here, we report the crystal structure of the kinase domain of this atypical MAPK kinase, providing molecular insights into its distinct ATP binding pocket compared to the classical MAPK ERK2, explaining differences in their inhibitor binding properties. Medium-scale small molecule screening identified a number of inhibitors, several of which unexpectedly exhibited remarkably high inhibitory potencies. The crystal structure of CLK1 in complex with CAF052, one of the most potent inhibitors identified for ERK3, revealed typical type-I binding mode of the inhibitor, which by structural comparison could likely be maintained in ERK3. Together with the presented structural insights, these diverse chemical scaffolds displaying both reversible and irreversible modes of action, will serve as a starting point for the development of selective inhibitors for ERK3, which will be beneficial for elucidating the important functions of this understudied kinase.
Bioprospecting of fungi with antiproliferative activity from the mangrove sediment of the Tampamachoco coastal lagoon, Veracruz, Mexico

Background: Fungi from mangrove forests represent a great potential for the bioprospecting of new bioactive metabolites. The rhizosphere of several regions of the world has been widely studied, however, there are no studies on the biodiversity of Mexican mangroves. Objectives: To evaluate the anti-proliferative activity of fungal extracts isolated from accumulated sediments in the rhizosphere of three mangrove species distributed in three zones with different degrees of salinity in Mexico. Methods: The isolated fungi were identified at genus level by taxonomic keys. The anti-proliferative activity was determined by the SRB assay and the strains with values of GI 50 <100 μg. mL -1 were identified molecularly. Results and conclusions: Six extracts from four strains exhibited GI 50 values < 100 µg. mL -1 in at least one cancer cell line. A strain of Aspergillus pulverulentus isolated from a disturbed area of Avicennia germinans showed the highest anti-proliferative activity against six different cancer cell lines. The GI 50 values ranged from 40 to 83 µg. mL -1 in biomass extracts and 6 to 28 µg. mL -1 in culture broth extracts. This paper is the first study of bioprospecting fungi showing anti-proliferative activity in mangrove sediments in Mexico.