Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMMENTARY Reproductive Technologies for Male Infertility

The introduction of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in 1992 has revolutionized the treatment of male infertility (1) and has allowed couples whose only prior options were donor insemination to achieve pregnancies or adoption. Although in vitro fertilization (IVF) and related procedures have been used in the past for the treatment of male infertility, most assisted reproductive technology centers are using ICSI as the primary treatment for male infertility. Table 1 lists the cause of male factor infertility. Only a small minority of such patients are amenable to specific hormonal or pharmacologic therapy. Of these, the most probable candidates are the 1–2% of men with male infertility secondary to hypothalamic-pituitary (gonadotropin) insufficiency. These patients respond well to gonadotropin or GnRH therapy. Specific medical treatment is not available for most patients with testicular or idiopathic causes of male infertility. These patients are candidates for assisted reproductive technologies using oocytes from their spouses or partners. This article reviews the ICSI procedure, its indications, and techniques used to retrieve sperm and the risks and concerns that have been raised in regard to its safety, including the genetic risks to the fetus.
Canine Mitral Complex

The mitral complex is a functional entity composed of the annulus, valve leaflets, chordae, and papillary muscles. The mechanical properties of the complex are dependent on the unique structural relations of the collagen in the leaflets and chordae. In the chordae the collagen is arranged in avascular columns. These columns interdigitate between muscle fibers in the papillary muscles, and the collagen is anchored to the myofiber membrane by microfibrils. In the leaflet the chordae are continuous with the dense fibrous tissue, forming a sheet of collagen which merges with the annulus. Within the leaflet there are cardiac muscle fibers in direct continuity with left atrial muscle. Contraction of isolated valve preparations can be initiated by electrical stimulation and is preceded by a propagated depolarization. Action potentials from cells in the middle third of the leaflet have a slow upstroke velocity, prominent plateau, and a characteristic positive afterpotential. Valve muscle electromechanical properties are markedly altered by 1 X 10~M acetylcholine; this concentration has little effect on working left atrial muscle. In preparations containing portions of the left atrium and valve leaflet, the excitation wave spreads into the leaflet after electrical stimulation of the atrial muscle. This suggests that the accompanying contractile event may occur in situ before the initiation of systole.
Biogenic amine-formingmicrobial communities in cheese

The aim of this study was to screen two cheese starter cultures and cheese-borne microbial communities with the potential to produce biogenic amines in cheese during ripening. Bacteria of the genera Enterococcus and Lactobacillus and coliform bacteria were isolated from Dutch-type semi-hard cheese at the beginning of the ripening period. Statistically significant counts of bacterial isolates were screened for the presence of specific DNA sequences coding for tyrosine decarboxylase (tyrDC) and histidine decarboxylase (hDC) enzymes. The PCR analysis of DNA from 14 Enterococcus and 3 Lactobacillus isolates confirmed the presence of the targetted DNA sequences. Simultaneously, 13 tyrDCand 3 hDC-positive isolates were grown in decarboxylase screening medium and this was followed by HPLC analysis of the produced tyramine and histamine. Conventional and molecular taxonomic analyses of the above-mentioned isolates identified the following species: Enterococcus durans (7 strains), Enterococcus faecalis (3 strains), Enterococcus faecium (1 strain), Enterococcus casseliflavus (3 strains), Lactobacillus curvatus (1 strain), Lactobacillus lactis (1 strain) and Lactobacillus helveticus (1 strain). All of the above Enterococcus and two of the Lactobacillus strains originated from contaminating microbial communities. The L. helveticus strain, which was tyrosine decarboxylase-positive and exhibited tyramine production, originated from starter culture 1 used for cheese production. Comparison of partial tyrDC sequences of positive Enterococcus isolates revealed 89% sequence similarity, and that of hDCpositive Lactobacillus isolates revealed 99% sequence similarity .
Nuclear Pore Complex Component MOS7/Nup88 Is Required for Innate Immunity and Nuclear Accumulation of Defense Regulators in Arabidopsis

Yu Ti Cheng,a,b,1 Hugo Germain,a,1 Marcel Wiermer,a,1 Dongling Bi,c,1 Fang Xu,a,c,d Ana V. Garcı́a,e Lennart Wirthmueller,e Charles Després,f Jane E. Parker,e Yuelin Zhang,c and Xin Lia,b,d,2 aMichael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada bGenetics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada c National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China d Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada e Department of Plant–Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany f Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catherines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
Identi cation of Plant Leaf Phosphorus Content at Different Growth Stages Based on Hyperspectral Re ectance

Anna Siedliska Instytut Agro zyki im Bohdana Dobrzanskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Lublinie Piotr Baranowski Instytut Agro zyki im Bohdana Dobrzanskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Lublinie Joanna Pastuszka-Woźniak Instytut Agro zyki im Bohdana Dobrzanskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Lublinie Monika Zubik Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej Jaromir Krzyszczak (  j.krzyszczak@ipan.lublin.pl ) Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9235-8119
University of Birmingham A domination algorithm for {0,1}-instances of the travelling salesman problem

We present an approximation algorithm for { 0 , 1 } -instances of the travelling salesman problem which performs well with respect to combinatorial dominance. More precisely, we give a polynomial-time algorithm which has domination ratio 1 − n − 1 / 29 . In other words, given a { 0 , 1 } -edge- weighting of the complete graph K n on n vertices, our algorithm outputs a Hamilton cycle H ∗ of K n with the following property: the proportion of Hamilton cycles of K n whose weight is smaller than that of H ∗ is at most n − 1 / 29 . Our analysis is based on a martingale approach. Previously, the best result in this direction was a polynomial-time algorithm with domination ratio 1 / 2 − o (1) for arbitrary edge-weights. We also prove a hardness result showing that, if the Exponential Time Hypothesis holds, there exists a constant C such that n − 1 / 29 cannot be replaced by exp( − (log n ) C ) in the result above.
Austin Biometrics and Biostatistics Nonparametric Approaches to Comparing the Accuracy of Diagnostic Tests with Multiple Readers

In diagnostic imaging studies, the test results often depend on the subjective interpretation of the reader. Because of variability in readers’ accuracy, studies evaluating diagnostic tests usually involve multiple readers. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis has been a popular method for evaluating the performance of diagnostic imaging modalities. In this mini-review, I introduce current literature on nonparametric methods to compare the accuracy of diagnostic tests with multiple readers using ROC analysis. Nonparametric approaches do not require distributional assumptions for the test results or the ROC curve, making them attractive for use when the total sample size/number of readers is small or when distributional assumptions may be problematic.
U-Pb geochronology of calcite carbonatites and jacupirangite from the Guli alkaline complex, Polar Siberia, Russia

This work is the first in-situ U-Pb geochronological study of perovskite and calcic garnet (andradite) from the Guli complex in the Maimecha-Kotuy alkaline province (Polar Siberia, Russia). The U-Pb isotopic compositions of perovskite from contact zones of the two carbonatite stocks (Southern and Northern) and from jacupirangite separating the stocks were determined by laser-ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass-spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and isotope-dilution thermal-ionization mass-spectrometry (ID-TIMS). The LA-ICPMS and ID-TIMS data for perovskite from the Northern carbonatite stock are in good agreement, yielding 206 Pb/ 238 U ages of 250.4  1.1 Ma and 249  2 Ma, respectively. These ages are also within the analytical uncertainty from the ID-TIMS results for perovskite from jacupirangites (250  1 Ma). The LAICPMS results for perovskite from the Southern carbonatite stock indicate its somewhat older age (255.3 ± 2.4 Ma), implying the possibility of small-volume mantle magmatism predating the eruption of the Siberian Flood Basalts at ca. 252-251 Ma. This interpretation is supported by reports of pre-flood magmatism elsewhere in eastern Siberia. Andradite crystals from the contact between the Southern stock and metasomatized melilitolite were analysed by ID-TIMS. These measurements are inconclusive (247 ± 6 Ma) and could not be used to further constrain the timing of carbonatitic magmatism in the southern part of the complex. The present contribution also presents a refined methodology for LA-ICPMS geochronological studies of perovskite with elevated levels of common lead, and addresses some of the problems with previously proposed calibration standards.
C O ] 2 9 A ug 2 01 3 Coevolution ( Or Not ) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies

Section S1 is a supplement to main paper Section 3 on machinery to measure BH masses M•. It summarizes indirect methods that are used to estimate M• in AGNs. These are used sparingly in main paper Section 6.9, Sections 7.1 – 7.3, Sections 8.3, 8.5, and 8.6, and Section 9. Section S2 lists the observational criteria that we use to classify classical and pseudo bulges. Section 4 in the main paper introduces the physical distinction between remnants of major mergers and pseudo (“fake”) bulges that were grown slowly out of disks, not made rapidly in violent events. This distinction is central to Sections 5 – 9. However, the (pseudo)bulge classifications used in this paper are not based on interpretation; they are based on the Section S2 observational criteria. Section S3 supplements the BH database in Section 5 of the main paper and Section S4 here. It discusses corrections to galaxy and BH parameters, most importantly to 2MASS K-band apparent magnitudes. They are needed because 2MASS misses light at large radii when the images of galaxies subtend large angles on the sky or have shallow outer brightness gradients. These corrections are included in Tables 2 and 3, which are numbered consistently here and in the main paper. Section S4 reproduces essentially verbatim the first part of Section 5 in the main paper, the BH database, including the list of BH and host-galaxy properties (Tables 2 and 3). Its purpose is to provide notes on the properties given in the tables, especially all of the notes on individual objects. To save space, only a few examples of these notes are included in the main paper.
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF SOME MARINE ALGAE (ULVACEAE AND DICTYOTACEAE) OF BENGHAZI COASTS, LIBYA

Crude methanolic extracts of 10 Marine algae (6 Ulvaceae and 4 Dictyotaceae) of Benghazi coasts collected during different seasons were tested in vitro for their antifungal activities against 5 fungi. Statistical data highlighted significant differences of antifungal activities between algal species with special reference to Dictyotaceae. Extracts of Dictyota linearis and Dictyota dichotoma were relatively more effective (25.36 and 23.82 mm, respectively) against the tested fungi, while extracts of Ulva lactuca was relatively low (16.13 mm). Statistically, the interaction between algal and fungal types didn't affect the activities of methanolic algal extracts. Aspergillus flavus was the relatively resistant fungus (17.01 mm) while, Penicellium sp. was the relatively sensitive one (22.42 mm). All tested fungi were significantly affected by season's difference with special reference to spring and summer.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and biological activities of hexane extract from Boesenbergia xiphostachya ( Gagnep . ) Loes . rhizome

Boesenbergia xiphostachya (Gagnep.) Loes. (Zingiberaceae) has been ethnomedically used in Thailand as a laxative and flatulence remedy. Only a few studies involving the phytochemical screening and anti-oxidant activity have been reported. The present work analyzed the volatile components using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and investigated the antimalarial activity, neuraminidase inhibitory activity, antimycobacterial activity and antimicrobial activity of the hexane extract. The study was extended to investigate the cytotoxicity effects of the extract on both normal cells and cancer cells. The results indicated that many volatile components were present in the extract including phenylpropanoids (C6−C3 carbon skeleton), phenylpropanoidrelated compounds (C6−C2) and benzenoids (C6−C1). The main components detected in the hexane extract were: 3,6-dimethoxy-2-ethylbenzaldehyde (38.43%), elemicin (15.36%), asarone (12.95%), cis-isoelemicin (4.32%), methyleugenol (4.20%), trans-isoelemicin (1.19%) and methylisoeugenol (1.14%). The extract exhibited weak inhibitory activity in all tested assays. Similar activity profiles were also observed in antimycobacterium tuberculosis, antibacterial and antifungal assays. Moreover, the hexane extract of B. xiphostachya showed weak activity against nine cell lines with half maximal inhibitory concentrations higher than 50 μg/mL. The results also showed a significant decrease in LNCaP cell viability at the highest concentration tested (1,000 μg/mL). It should be noted that the investigation of the volatile components, bioactivities and cytotoxicity studies was reported for the first time regarding the B. xiphostachya rhizome. The obtained data might be useful for further studies on other applications of the extract.
Status of Nb 3 Sn Accelerator Magnet R & D

-Excellent mechanical and electrical properties of multifilamentary NbTi have made it the conductor of choice in superconducting accelerators starting from the Tevatron. However, the LHC operating field of 8.33 T is close to limit for NbTi technology. In order to advance to higher fields, a superconductor with higher upper critical field is needed. At present, Nb3Sn is the most suitable material in terms of properties, availability, and cost. In contrast to NbTi, Nb3Sn is brittle and strain sensitive. Magnet R&D programs are underway worldwide to develop technologies that can take advantage of Nb3Sn properties while coping with the associated challenges. Status and accomplishments of the different programs are reviewed in the context of the requirements of next-generation accelerator facilities and possible upgrades to present ones.
Gyrase Proteins and Implications for 4-Quinolone Action and Resistance

Staphylococcal infections, particularly those involving methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, are a serious medical problem (17). Treatment with ciprofloxacin and other 4-quinolones, which are inhibitors of the essential bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase (7, 35), has been effective but has led to the widespread emergence of quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus strains (14, 23, 25-27). Studies with Escherichia coli have shown that quinolones rapidly arrest DNA synthesis in vivo and inhibit ATPdependent DNA supercoiling by purified DNA gyrase (3, 6, 8). Mutations conferring quinolone resistance in E. coli map largely in the unlinked gyrA or (less often) gyrB genes, which encode the A and B subunits of the A2B2 gyrase complex (2, 4, 6, 11, 36, 37). The gyrase A subunits are known to mediate transient DNA breakage and reunion during catalysis, a
A Survey on Texture Image Descriptors in Computer Vision Applications

In computer vision, the texture is defined as a function of spatial variation of the intensity of the pixels in the whole image. Texture is one of the main terms used to define objects or concepts of a given image. It is used along with color and shape to describe image contents. Texture analysis plays an important role in computer vision and image processing cases such as medical diagnosis, object recognition, defect detection, visual pattern recognition, noise reduction, etc. Until now different approaches have been proposed to analysis texture images. Texture analysis methods usually are classified into four categories: statistical methods, structural, model-based and transform-based methods. In this paper, the various applications of texture analysis methods are discussed in details. The common step of many computer vision applications is feature extraction. Texture features are so discriminative in many cases. A comparisons study of different texture descriptors is proposed in terms of using variety.
Pengaruh Aktivitas Rasio Keuangan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (Studi Pada Industri Manufaktur)

Tujuan penelitian ini menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh rasio profitabilitas (ROA), rasio likuiditas (CR), rasio pertumbuhan penjualan (Sales Growth), rasio leverage (DER), dan rasio aktivitas (TATO) terhadap nilai Perusahaan (PBV). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Perusahaan industri manufaktur yang listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2012-2014 (116 Perusahaan 348 data). Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, diperoleh sampel sebanyak 266 data. Analisis data penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi linier berganda least square method.Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa : ROA berpengaruh positip dan signifikan terhadap PBV, sedangkanCR, SG serta TATO berpengaruh negatip tidak signifikan, sementara itu DER berpengaruh positip tidak signifikan terhadap PBV.
Melanotic Schwannoma of the Jugular Foramen with Rapid Necrotic Regression Mimicking an Intratumoral Hemorrhage of the Jugular Foramen Neurinoma

Melanotic tumors of the Cerebellopontine Angle (CPA) are rare. On the other hand, intratumoral hemorrhages of the intracranial schwannoma are occasionally seen. It is difficult to preoperatively differentiate these tumors by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), especially in a case with acute onset symptoms. The authors describe a unique case of a jugular foramen melanotic tumor with acute onset symptoms. A 32-year-old woman presented with sudden onset dysphagia. MRI revealed a 2-cm extra axial tumor around the jugular foramen. The tumor showed hyperintensity on T1-weighted images and hypointensity on T2-weighted images, which showed a lack of enhancement with intravenous administration of gadolinium. Based on the sudden onset of symptoms and MRI findings, we diagnosed the tumor as a jugular foramen schwannoma with intratumoral hemorrhage. At surgery, the tumor was found to originate from the XI th cranial nerve by direct visualization under the surgical microscope, but the tumor was composed of a black-colored tissue that was obviously different from an intratumoral hemorrhage. Pathologically, the tumor content was full of melanophage and necrotic tissue, but tumor cells were not identified. The tumor capsule includes S-100 positive fibers. Based on these findings, our diagnosis was a melanotic schwannoma of the XI th cranial nerve with rapid necrotic regression. Even though the CPA tumor showed hyperintensity on T1-weighted images with acute onset symptoms, it is important to consider a melanotic tumor as an alternative in the differential diagnosis.
Epidemiological Survey and Mspss Scores of 260 Suicide Attempters Presenting to Two Emergency Departments in Turkey

Introduction The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of suicide attempt cases who were admitted to the emergency departments and to determine their level of social support and related factors by using multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS). Methods This study was conducted simultaneously in two different centres between February 23 and June 31, 2009. Totally 260 suicidal cases who were admitted to the emergency departments were included in the study after obtaining the consents. Related derived data were collected with a questionnaire. The questionnaire determined epidemiological characteristics of suicide attempters by using MSPSS derived data. The data were analysed with percentage, mean, t test, ANOVA, and Scheffe test. Results About 70% of all cases were female and 63.1% of them were between 16 and 25 years of age. The main causes leading to suicide attempts were family problems (41.9%), financial problems (11.2%), and peer suicide attempts (5.4%). Drug use was the most common suicide method both in males and females. The MSPSS score was 52.47±17.81 (mean±SD, range=12-84). While being a member of a broken family, being widow/divorced, previously diagnosed mental disorder affected social support scores negatively, being a student or having a high level of education affected scores positively. Conclusion Family problems, financial problems, 16-25 age group, female sex, being divorced/widowed, being a member of broken family, chronic physical and psychological problems, and lower level of perceived social support are main characteristics associated with suicide attempts. (Hong Kong j.emerg.med. 2011;18:412-420)
I NDEXED P ARALLEL S PHERE P ACKING FOR A RBITRARY D OMAINS

Particle packings are used to simulate granular matter, which has various uses in industry. The most outstanding characteristics of these are their density and their construction time, the density refers to the percentage of the space of the object filled with particles, this is also known as compaction or solid fraction. Particle packing seeks to be as dense as possible, work on any object, and have a low build time. Currently there are proposals that have significantly reduced the construction time of a packing and have also managed to increase the density of these, however, they have certain restrictions, such as working on a single type of object and being widely affected by the characteristics of the object. The objective of this work is to present the improvement of a parallel sphere packing for arbitrary domains. The packing to improve was directly affected in time by the number of triangles in the mesh of object. This enhancement focuses on creating a parallel data structure to reduce build time. The proposed method reduces execution time with a high number of triangles, but it takes up a significant amount of memory for the data structure. However, to obtain high densities, that is, densities between 60% and 70%, the sphere packing construction does not overwhelm the memory.
Energy Harvesting from Passive Human power using Reverse Electro-wetting

Sustaining the power resource for autonomous wireless and portable electronic devices is an important issue. Ambient power sources, such as a replacement for batteries, can minimize the maintenance and the cost of operation by harvesting different forms of energy from the potential energy sources. Researchers continue to build high-energy-density batteries, but the amount of energy available in the batteries is not only finite but also low, limiting the lifetime of the system. Extended lifetime of electronic devices is very important and also has more advantages in systems with limited accessibility. This research studies one form of ambient energy sources: passive human power generated from a shoe/sneaker insole when a person is walking or running and its conversion and storage into usable electrical energy. Based on source characteristics, electrical energy harvesting, conversion, and storage circuits were designed, built, and tested for low-power electronic