Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of Semantic Similarity Estimates for Unstructured Data Analysis

The paper discusses problems related to unstructured data analysis in order to acquire implicit knowledge from them. Semantic similarity estimations are used as one of instruments for such analysis. We use the portal version of the Great Ukrainian Encyclopedia (e-VUE) to demonstrate some examples where ontologies and semantic Wiki markup are used for generation of semantically similar concepts (SSCc). Semantic similarity in these examples is defined in domain-specific way. Grouping of concepts into SSCs is based on high-level on-tological classes, and semantic properties and their relations are used for construction of attribute space. Various sets of SSCc are applied for navigation and search to increase functionality. Every e-VUE article is represented by Wiki page with unstructured and semi-structured natural language (NL) and multimedia content pertinent to some concept. Ontological model of e-VUE is considered as a domain knowledge base that simplifies processing of e-VUE article content and defines semantic relations between concepts.
Pulsed-field electrophoresis in contour-clamped homogeneous electric fields (CHEF) for the fingerprinting of Rhizobium spp.

Abstract A pulsed-field gel electrophoretic method based on contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) was developed for the analysis of natural isolates of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae . The procedure involves the use of ‘rare-cutting’ endonucleases. The separation of genomic DNA fragments with split runs ( τ = 5 s for 15 h followed by τ = 12 s for 9 h) allows a clear definition of profiles with bands ranging from 20–300-kb pairs. Two and a half days are sufficient to reproducibly accomplish the procedure from cell lysis to gel picture. The method can be used for different fast-growing rhizobia.
New approach for comparing kinetic models of petroleum generation based on Rock- Eval and hydrous pyrolysis experiments

Kinetic parameters have been usually acquired by mathematical inversion of thermogravimetric data obtained by artificial maturation of source rocks and coals. Laboratory essays are carried out by heating immature samples at higher temperatures and shorter times than those involved in the natural process.The derived kinetic parameters depend not only on the pyrolysis experimental conditions (open or closed, hydrous or anhydrous, isothermal or non-isothermal) but also on the inversion method used.
A SURVEY ON USAGE OF TOUCHSCREEN VERSUS MOUSE FOR INTERACTION

— In the beginning of the personal computing era, the main input device to interact with machines was a physical keyboard. The introduction of the mouse as a point and select device revolutionized personal computers making them easier and faster to use. During the last decade, a new interface system based on touchscreen has made its debut especially among mobile phones and other handheld devices. In this survey paper, we performed a literature review of studies that compare the interaction of the mouse and the touchscreen. Specifically, we have surveyed the following aspects: how the users of different age groups use these devices? What is the effect of direct manipulation and indirect manipulation, on tasks and their variability? How does the experience with technology effect the efficiency? Which device helps to gain speed and accuracy under what circumstances? Based on these parameters, we concluded about the suitability of the devices under different circumstances.
Dynamic Characterization of DuroProtect, a Fiber-Reinforced Ballistics Composite

iv LIST OF FIGURES . vii LIST OF EQUATIONS . viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . ix Introduction . 1 Purpose . 1 Dynamic Testing . 2 Background research . 3 Hypothesis . 4 Materials and Methods . 6 DuroProtect . 6 Elastic Wave Theory . 7 Experimental Setup . 11 Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Method . 11 Strain Gage Analysis. 14 Digital Image Correlation (DIC) Analysis . 17 Results and Discussion . 19 Level 1 Results . 19 Level 2 Results . 21
Technical study of polychrome clay sculptures from the Buddhist temple complex at Nako, Himachal Pradesh, North India

This paper presents the first results of a technical study of two sets of 12 th century polychromed clay sculptures from the Buddhist temple complex at Nako, North India. Since the sculptures today have been largely overworked, the investigations focused on the appearance and material composition of the oldest polychromy and of the structural earthen material. The oldest polychromy of one set of sculptures, numbering nine in total, is based on full-area gilding, while that of the other group is different. In this group of five sculptures one statue was gilded, two were painted in characteristic colours and no conclusions could be made about the remaining two. The painting technique and materials used correspond to those employed in the surrounded original wall paintings. Over the earthen support made up from local soils, paint layers are applied onto the gypsum ground using mineral pigments – azurite, vermilion and orpiment bound in a proteinaceous binding media. Several remodelling and repainting phases were documented.
Light Source Restoration Methods for Augmented Reality Systems

One of the main problems of augmented reality devices is the physically correct representation of the brightness distribution for virtual objects and their shadows in the real world. In other words, restoring the correct distribution of scene brightness is one of the key parameters that allows solving the problem of correct interaction between the virtual and real worlds, however, neural networks do not allow determining the position of light sources that are not in direct line of sight. The paper proposes methods for restoring the parameters of light sources based on the analysis of shadows cast by objects and on fully convolutional neural networks. The results of the proposed methods are presented, the accuracy of restoring the position of the light sources is estimated, and the visual difference between the image of the scene with the original light sources and the same scene with the restored parameters of the light sources is demonstrated.
Morphologic and molecular diversity of the foraminiferal genus Globocassidulina in Admiralty Bay, King George Island

Abstract Four distinctive morphological types can be found among living Globocassidulina in surface sediments of Admiralty Bay (King George Island, South Shetland Islands). The molecular analysis of the SSU and ITS rDNA indicates that they are monospecific and belong to Globocassidulina biora, except for minute forms from deeper than 200 m water depth which probably represent G. subglobosa. The morphological types of G. biora that show doubled or branched apertures, varied test size and shape as well as colour of cytoplasm, represent populations at different stages of ontogenetic development. However, the variability among large G. biora from the same locations is difficult to comprehend. It seems probable that G. biora is the only recent, large, shallow water Globocassidulina represented throughout the Antarctica, while G. crassa is typical for the Magellan region.
Enforcing Social License: The Joint Production of Social Pressure by Regulator and NGO∗

In many contexts firms have to engage in particular patterns of behavior often beyond legal or regulatory requirements to avoid community hostility. We provide the first formal model in which social penalties for wrong-doing emerge endogenously and are jointly produced between a regulator and an NGO. Armed with the instruments of coercion the regulator plays the primary role in information provision through inspection programs, disclosure requirements, etc. while through attitude-leadership the NGO manipulates the social atmosphere into which information about behavior of firms is released. The strategies of the regulator and the NGO are classified in a taxonomy of regulatory settings that vary in; (a) the weight that the NGO places on environmental versus business outcomes and (b) community alertness to NGO messaging. NGOs will typically have an incentive to strategically delegate NGO leadership to a manager who weighs environmental and business outcomes differently to funders.
A preliminary study on the expression level of P450 gene in liver and gill tissues of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus Borodin, 1987) exposed to water soluble fractions of crude oil

The present study was conducted to investigate the expression level of cytochrome P 450 enzyme in detoxification of water soluble fractions (WSFs) of crude oil in Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus . Fish were exposed to WSFs at concentrations of 0 (control), 10, 20, and 50% of the LC 50 for 14 days, and then, the expression level of P 450 gene was assayed in gill and liver samples. According to the results, the expression level of P 450 gene increased in both the gill and liver tissues of fish when exposed to sub lethal concentrations of WSFs. High level of expression in treatment of 50% WSFs was observed compared to the control ( p <0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between treatments of 10%, 20%, and 50% WSFs. Additionally, P450 was expressed higher in the gill tissue than the liver. The present research demonstrates that P 450 gene expression can be used as a molecular biomarker to assay the severity of oil pollution in the Caspian Sea.
Differentiation and cell wall degrading enzymes in the obligately biotrophic rust fungus Uromyces viciae-fabae

Rust fungi differentiate a series of complex infection structures to infect their host plants. Artificial membranes providing a signal for the induction of infection structure differentiation have been used to study events taking place during early stages of host–pathogen interaction. During the prepenetration phase, serine esterases, one of which shows cutinase activity, appear to be important for adhesion of uredospores of Uromyces viciae-fabae to the plant cuticle. When the fungus grows through the stomatal opening, chitin deacetylase activity increases drastically. The role of this enzyme in masking and preventing degradation of fungal structures by plant chitinases is discussed. Different isoforms of protease, cellulase, and pectin methylesterases (PME) are formed when the fungus enters the intercellular space, and synthesis of polygalacturonate lyase (PL) coincides with formation of haustorial mother cells. Based on the physicochemical and catalytic properties of these cell wall degrading enzymes a .
Plankton structure in Musura Bay (Danube – Black Sea system) in the conditions of year 2005

Located at the confluence of Kylia and Sulina branches with the Black Sea, Musura Bay is characterized by a very rapid evolution. In the middle of 19 century, it presented a wide opening towards the sea (13 km) and depths more than 12 m, providing to the aquatic biocenoses the same abiotic conditions as in the maritime area (BURGHELE, 1946). The rapid progression of the secondary delta of Kylia branch at the northern part of the bay and the channel built at the mouth of Sulina branch (9 km length) determined the decrease of the opening size with more than 5 km, while the depths decreased below 2 m (in 2005). Besides this, the maritime sandbank formed in the last decades at the bay’s mouth contributed to the transformation of the bay in a lagoon. The shallow water and the progressive decrease of salinity favored the shift of maritime biocenoses to the freshwater type (ENACEANU, 1955, BACESCU & DUMITRESCU, 1958, TEODORESCU & ZINEVICI, 1995). The dynamics of this process was even more obvious in the conditions of 2005 year when, due to the significant increase of Danube flow, the salinity decreased below 0.2 g/l, value comparable with the ones of Danube Delta freshwater lakes.
A rapid assessment of Lepidoptera biogeography in the Tuscan Archipelago using economical Malaise traps

Although conservation and biogeography of insular populations have been widely addressed, it is often difficult to obtain complete floral and faunistic catalogues. However, comparisons of standardised sample collections may represent a valuable short‐cut in investigating insular biogeography. For Lepidoptera, several methods have been proposed to obtain them, but they generally require the presence of the researchers in situ and usually collect one diurnal or nocturnal species only. Butterflies and moths collected by Malaise traps in two years of research in the Tuscan Archipelago were analysed: it was found that Lepidoptera biodiversity in these islands is mainly determined by present day island isolation, as recently shown for the Aegean Archipelago. Moreover, the pattern of similarity among the Lepidoptera collected in the six islands by Malaise traps reflects the general Tuscan Archipelago biogeographic paradigm. In conclusion, this could represent a simple and cheap method to obtain valuable data for conservation and biogoegraphic analyses, mainly when the areas under study are difficult to reach.
Interactive RL via Online Human Demonstrations

In this paper, we propose a general approach that uses online human demonstrations to directly shape an agent’s behaviors. This approach can alleviate the uncertainties caused by human critiques, while at the same time, removing the offline pre-training in most existing learning from demonstration approaches. Using this approach, we also investigate the interplay among different shaping methods for more robust and efficient interactive learning between humans and agents.
Quantifying Gender Bias in Hyperbolic Word Embeddings

Distributed Word embedding models are now the standard method for word representation in natural language processing. However, it has been been found that Euclidean word embedding models such as Glove and Word2Vec are susceptible to human like preju-dices which arise from the training corpus. Recently, researchers have explored alternate geometric spaces for modelling word vectors, leading to a smaller embedding size and better performance in downstream tasks. In this paper, we present the ﬁrst investigation of bias in a Non-Euclidean space. We propose G yrocosine B ias, a novel metric for quantifying bias in hyperbolic word embed-dings. We observe that gender-bias heavily manifests itself in hyperbolic word embeddings, showing similar characteristics as its Euclidean counterpart.
Ab Initio Calculations on the Growth and Superconducting Properties of Nb3Sn

In this work, we employ theoretical ab initio techniques to solve mysteries and gain new insights in Nb3Sn SRF physics. We determine the temperature dependence of Nb3Sn antisite defect formation energies, and discuss the implications of these results for defect segregation. We calculate the phonon spectral function for Nb3Sn cells with different combinations of antisite defects and use these results to determine Tc as a function of stoichiometry. These results allow for the firstever determination of Tc in the tin-rich regime, where experimental measurements are unavailable and which is critical to understanding the impact of tin-rich grain boundaries on superconducting cavity performance. Finally, we propose a theory for the growth mechanism of Nb3Sn growth on a thick oxide, explaining the puzzling disappearing droplet behavior of Sn on Nb oxide and suggesting how in general an oxide layer reacts with Sn to produce a uniform Nb3Sn layer.
Randomisation Algorithms for Large Sparse Matrices

In many domains it is necessary to generate surrogate networks, e.g., for hypothesis testing of different properties of a network. Generating surrogate networks typically requires that different properties of the network are preserved, e.g., edges may not be added or deleted and edge weights may be restricted to certain intervals. In this paper we present an efficient property-preserving Markov chain Monte Carlo method termed CycleSampler for generating surrogate networks in which (1) edge weights are constrained to intervals and vertex strengths are preserved exactly, and (2) edge and vertex strengths are both constrained to intervals. These two types of constraints cover a wide variety of practical use cases. The method is applicable to both undirected and directed graphs. We empirically demonstrate the efficiency of the CycleSampler method on real-world data sets. We provide an implementation of CycleSampler in R, with parts implemented in C.
The Impact of Productive Safety Net Program on the Household Food Security: The Case of Kutaber District

The Ethiopian government launched a new social protection program called the Productive Safety Net Program since Poverty and chronic food insecurity have been the main challenges for most of the rural households of the country. The major objective of this study was to examine the impact of PSNP on household food security. The study was conducted in Kutaber district, Amhara National regional state, Ethiopia. A Multistage stage sampling procedure was used to randomly select 116 representative household heads. Both the primary and secondary data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and econometric tools. The propensity score matching (PSM) technique of impact evaluation preferred to overcome the counterfactual problem and selection bias. Participation model result of Estimated Propensity Score showed that among 11 explanatory variables included in the logistic model, 4 of them were significant. The result indicated that the program participation of the households in the area significantly influenced by farmland size, an income of off/non-farm activities, distance to the nearest market center and distance to the nearest agricultural extension office. The program intervention has resulted in a positive and statically significant mean difference between the two groups in terms of the outcomes variables of daily calorie intake and farm and household material. Applying a propensity score matching technique for the study found that the program has increased participating households’ calorie intake and household material by 233.04 calories and 2551.65 ETB, respectively compared to that of non-participating households. The analysis result revealed that the food security of the household has been improved by productive safety net program intervention in the study area. The multiple linear regression model estimated results revealed that the impact of the program on calorie intake was not uniform across the participating households. Therefore, the program should consider the roles of significant variables in the selection of participant households for the desired impact under related locations.
Subcapsular Renal Hematoma in Simultaneous Pancreas Kidney Transplantation

Subcapsular renal hematoma (SRH) is a challenging condition, which may jeopardize kidney function or constitute a life-threatening event. This is particularly true in single-kidney patients, such as kidney-transplant recipients. SRH may exert an excessive pressure on the surrounding parenchyma, thus resulting in hypoperfusion and ischemia, with high risk of acute kidney failure and graft loss. Moreover, SRH may precede an overt renal rupture with subsequent hemorrhage and hemodynamic instability. The indication to an interventional management for this condition is still a matter of debate, with some authors advocating the high possibilities of spontaneous resolution and others advocating the high-risk of graft loss and even internal bleeding in case of overt renal rupture. Herein, we report the case of a 51-year-old simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation recipient who presented a SRH following a mild trauma. The therapeutic choices were carefully balanced on the specific case, and the conservative management proved successful.
Time To Play: The Relationship Between Time Spent Playing and Educational Outcomes in Peru

Every day, children around the world are playing. There has been plenty of research on the importance of different kinds of play, but very little on the importance of the quantity of play. Understanding the relationship between educational outcomes and the amount of time spent playing would allow parents to better structure their children’s time and would settle the debate between psychologists and economists on whether play has inherent value for a child’s future outcomes. I focus on Peru because conducting this research in a developing country context broadens the current research mostly focused on high-income countries. Using child-level, longitudinal data from the Young Lives Survey in Peru, I perform several regressions to better understand how time spent playing at age five is related to test scores and grade level at age fifteen. Ultimately, I find little evidence for a strong relationship, either positive or negative. However, I do find that more play is related to better math scores for children in the lowest wealth quartile, and lower educational attainment for children in the second-lowest wealth quartile. This suggests that a relationship between the quantity of play and educational outcomes may exist, but only for particular populations. Further study is needed to carefully untangle these relationships and settle this debate.
Protein Kinase Cδ Induces Src Kinase Activity via Activation of the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase PTPα*

Previously we have shown that protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in smooth muscle cells is transmitted by the non-receptor tyrosine kinase, Src. Several authors have described how 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) stimulation of cells results in an increase of Src activity, but the mechanism of the PKC-mediated Src activation is unknown. Using PKC isozymes purified from Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells, we show here that PKC is not able to activate Src directly. Our data reveal that the PKC-dependent Src activation occurs via the activation of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) PTPα. PTPα becomes activated in vivo after TPA stimulation. Further, we show that PKCδ phosphorylates and activates only PTPα in vitro but not any other of the TPA-responsive PKC isozymes that are expressed in A7r5 rat aortic smooth muscle cells. To further substantiate our data, we show that cells lacking PKCδ have a markedly reduced PTPα and Src activity after 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate stimulation. These data support a model in which the main mechanism of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced Src activation is the direct phosphorylation and activation of PTPα by PKCδ, which in turn dephosphorylates and activates Src.
Glandular trichomes on alfalfa impede searching behavior of the potato leafhopper parasitoid.

Abstract New cultivars of alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. , have been released with glandular trichomes for resistance to potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris). Yet, the impact of the glandular trichomes on the primary natural enemy of the leafhopper, Anagrus nigriventris Girault, is unknown. We compared the host searching behavior of the egg parasitoid on four alfalfa clones varying in trichome characters. Female wasps were videotaped on Ranger, a susceptible clone with relatively sparse trichomes, B14, a resistant clone with dense but nonglandular trichomes, and FG12 and FG18, two resistant clones with glandular trichomes. Although the number of leafhopper eggs per stem exposed to wasps did not significantly differ among the four clones, the frequency of foraging and total foraging time were less on the two clones with glandular trichomes than on the two clones with nonglandular trichomes. In addition, an analysis of covariance demonstrated that, although the number of ovipositional probes increased with egg density on a stem, the number of probes on stems with glandular trichomes was significantly less than that on stems without glandular trichomes. The allocation of time by wasps among drumming, probing, and grooming behaviors was similar among the clones. Wasps tended to fly off of clones with glandular trichomes more often than off of clones with nonglandular trichomes. This study suggests that cultivars with glandular trichomes may interfere with host searching by A. nigriventris.