Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solution concepts in vector optimization: a fresh look at an old story

Over the past decades various solution concepts for vector optimization problems have been established and used: among them are efficient, weakly efficient and properly efficient solutions. In contrast to the classical approach, we define a solution to be a set of efficient solutions on which the infimum of the objective function with respect to an appropriate complete lattice (the space of self-infimal sets) is attained. The set of weakly efficient solutions is not considered to be a solution, but weak efficiency is essential in the construction of the complete lattice. In this way, two classic concepts are involved in a common approach. Several different notions of semicontinuity are compared. Using the space of self-infimal sets, we can show that various originally different concepts coincide. A Weierstrass existence result is proved for our solution concept. A slight relaxation of the solution concept yields a relationship to properly efficient solutions.
Proteomic Analysis of the GacA Response Regulator in Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6

The GacS/GacA system in the root colonizer Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 is a key regulatory system of many traits relevant to the plant probiotic nature of this bacterium. The work in this paper elucidates proteins using proteomics approach in P. chlororaphis O6 under the control of the cytoplasmic regulatory protein, GacA. A gacA mutant of P. chlororaphis O6 showed loss in production of phenazines, acyl homoserine lactones, hydrogen cyanide, and protease, changes that were associated with reduced in vitro antifungal activity against plant fungal pathogens. Production of iron-chelating siderophore was significantly enhanced in the gacA mutant, also paralleling changes in a gacS mutant. However, proteomic analysis revealed proteins (13 downregulated and 7 upregulated proteins in the mutant compared to parental strain) under GacA control that were not apparent by a proteomic study of a gacS mutant. The putative identity of the downregulated proteins suggested that a gacA mutant would have altered transport potentials. Notable would be a predicted loss of type-VI secretion and PEP-dependent transport. Study of mutants of these GacA-regulated proteins will indicate further the features required for probiotic potential in this rhizobacterium.
Numerical simulation of flow surrounding a thermoacoustic stack: single-stack against double-stack plate domain

Over the last few decades, numerical simulation has fast become an effective research tool in analyzing internal and external fluid flow. Much of the unknowns associated with microscopic bounded and unbounded fluid behavior generally not obtainable via experimental approach can now be explained in details with computational fluid dynamics modeling. This has much assist designers and engineers in developing better engineering designs. However, the choice of the computational domain selected plays an important role in exhibiting the correct flow patterns associated with changes in certain parameters. This research looked at the outcomes when two computational domains were chosen to represent a system of parallel stack plates in a thermoacoustic resonator. Since the stack region is considered the “heart” of the system, accurate modeling is crucial in understanding the complex thermoacoustic solid-fluid interactions that occur. Results showed thatalthough the general flow pattern and trends have been produced with the single and double plate stack system, details of a neighboring solid wall do affect the developments of vortices in the stack region. The symmetric assumption in the computational domain may result in the absence of details that could generate an incomplete explanation of the patterns observed such as shown in this study. This is significant in understanding the solid-fluid interactions that is thermoacoustic phenomena
Standardization and re-introduction of Critically Endangered Ceropegia mahabalei Hemadri and Ansari by in vitro propagation

A protocol is described for micropropagation of the tuberous, herbaceous, medicinally important and Critically Endangered Ceropegia mahabalei Hemadri and Ansari by in vitro culture of nodal segments. The effect of cytokinins (BAP, Kin and TDZ) and auxins (IBA, IAA and NAA) at various concentrations on in vitro regeneration were investigated. The highest number of nodes per explant (7.5±0.14) and maximum shoot length (8.02±0.12 cm) were found on full strength MS medium supplemented with BAP (8.88 µM). Whereas, IBA (9.84 µM) showed maximum root length (1.54±0.09 cm) and number of roots per shoot (5.8±0.37) with maximum shoot length (7.11±0.50cm). In vitro grown plantlets were acclimatized (100%) in potting material containing mixture of garden soil, coco peat and river sand (1:1:1/2) and showed normal development with flowering. The developed method can be employed for productive conservation of C. mahabalei through large scale in vitro propagation. These saplings were successfully reintroduced in their natural habitat with a survival rate of 42.67 %.
Diffusion of Telecommunication Services in Turkey

This paper evaluates the forecasting ability of alternative product growth models for telecommunication services in Turkey. The variable exponential growth model better explains the diffusion process of fixed line services, suggesting that S-shaped models are not able to model the period of the maturity stage. However, the Gompertz model is superior in explaining the diffusion process of mobile line services. Results suggest that forecasting ability of growth curves depends on the differences in characteristics and the competitive structures of the markets.
Urease activity and its relationships to soil physiochemical properties in a highly saline-sodic soil

To ascertain the levels of urease activities (UA) and their relationships with soil physicochemical properties in salt-affected soils during reclamation, soil transects of a saline-sodic soil with different planting years under drip irrigation were intensively sampled. An enhanced soil UA in root zone (0-40 cm beneath drip emitter) was found as the planting years increased. In all transects, soil UA ranged from 0.38 to 8.53 mu g NH4+-N released g(-1) dry soil h(-1) at 37 degrees C, and showed a large spatial variability within transect. R-2 of multiple regressions increased gradually with planting years, indicating that variations in UA could be better predicted after amelioration. Path analysis showed that the negative direct effects of soil pH on UA were clearly dominant, with the direct path coefficients of -0.357 similar to -0.666 (p < 0.05). Soil organic matter yielded greater positive indirect path coefficients through pH and total nitrogen. An exponential relationship was found between soil UA and pH values (p < 0.01). Our findings demonstrate that after the cultivation under drip irrigation for 3 years, soil biological activities and fertility level increased, with the decrease of soil salinity and sodicity.
The Czech evidence for the explanatory power of formula factors on profitability

The allocation formula for the distribution of the Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCCTB) should include the three equally weighted formula factors that are considered to have the largest impact on the generation of profit/loss. The objective of the paper is to analyse the explanatory power of the proposed formula factors from the perspective of Czech independent enterprises. The analysis is based on the comparison of coefficients of determination as the indicators of explained variability of a regression model. The paper concludes that the proposed formula factors, as defined by the CCCTB Draft Directive, are able to explain almost 35% of the variance in profit/loss but also indicates that the other balance sheet items can have a higher explanatory power.
Chinese herbal combination of Epimedium , Drynariae rhizoma , and Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts prevents osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats

Osteoporosis and related fragility fracture is a worldwide health problem for middle and advanced aged women. To find an alternative for the estrogen treatment, which often accompanies by severe side effects, we investigated the anti-osteoporosis effect of a traditional Chinese herbal combination of Epimedium, Drynariae rhizome and Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts in an in vivo ovariectomy rat osteoporotic model. Our results demonstrated that the bone mineral density, calcium content and microstructure of bone tissue were significantly enhanced by the herbal medicine, to a similar extent as the estrogen therapy and probably via promoting calcium deposition in the bone. This study of ours therefore provides a promising novel, natural alternative option for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, IGARATÁ, SP - BRAZIL

Este estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar os efeitos de variaveis ambientais no comportamento da transpiracao (E), condutância estomatica (Gs) e fotossintese (A) de um clone de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla na escala foliar ao longo de tres dias consecutivos. As afericoes foram realizadas em um povoamento clonal com 60 meses de idade, localizado no municipio de Igarata-SP. Foram realizadas medicoes de potencial hidrico foliar antemanha (Ψ pd ) pela câmara de pressao de Scholander e as afericoes ecofisiologicas de E, Gs e A foram obtidas pelo porometro LcPro+ (ADC). Caracteristicas climaticas especificas dos dias de medicao foram obtidas da estacao meteorologica automatica Campbell Scientific Inc. instalada no proprio local de estudo, distante a 100 m do povoamento clonal de interesse. Variaveis ambientais tais como, radiacao fotossinteticamente ativa (Qleaf) e deficit de pressao de vapor atmosferico (DPV), foram escolhidas para correlacionar com E, Gs e A. As melhores associacoes foram observadas entre E, Gs, A com Qleaf, nao sendo significativa para Gs e DPV. A relacao A/E foi progressivamente maior com o decrescimo do Ψ pd . O conhecimento da eficiencia do uso da agua ajuda a selecionar melhores as especies de eucalipto para determinadas condicoes.
A New Procedure For High Frequency Electronic Ballast Design

Electronic lamp ballast is widely spread over the world because of its high efficiency electronic control over the fluorescent lamp and make it the best choice to save the energy absorbed by the lighting system. The high frequency electronic ballast is an AC/ AC power converter. It converts line frequency power from the utility to a high frequency AC power in order to drive the lamp. The high frequency electronic ballast design consists of five parts. There are filter, AC/ DC rectifier, ballast controller, DC/ AC half bridge inverter and final output stage to power the lamp. This design is able to drive a 36W fluorescent lamp from a 180-255Vac input line with frequency 50-60Hz.
Modelling of light and human skin interaction using Kubelka-Munk theory

The numerical analysis of thermal processes and light distribution in human skin is presented. The Kubelka-Munk theory has been used for modeling diffused light in tissue, while the Arrhenius scheme for modeling coagulation changes in human skin. At the stage of numerical realization, the boundary element method has been used. In the final part of the paper, the results obtained are presented. Introduction The analysis of interaction between light and human skin is important because of the constantly improving techniques to cure various skin lesions like port wine stain (PWS), pigment naevi or tattoo removal. In many cases, the laser treatment of skin is connected with the necessity of blood vessel coagulation, so the selection of a wavelength that coagulates the full thickness of the vessels and simultaneously minimizes damage of the surrounding tissue is the main goal of researches in this area [1, 2]. There are many works in which the modeling of the coagulation phenomenon based on the Arrhenius scheme, usually via some mathematical function describing the blood perfusion rate is presented [3-5]. Human skin has light-scattering properties, which provides some possibilities to model light distribution. In the current paper, the Kubelka-Munk theory is applied, a quite simple but still useful approach. It should be pointed out that this theory also has a few disadvantages [1, 6]. First of all, this theory as almost all theories of the “multi-flux” class, is restricted to one-dimensional tasks. Secondly, the theory is based on the assumption that incidental light is already diffused. No less important is that the coefficients defining absorption and scattering in the Kubelka-Munk theory are not “classical” absorption and scattering coefficients introduced in other approaches, and the relations between them are the major problem of the Kubelka-Munk theory [6]. Please cite this article as: Marek Jasinski, Modelling of light and human skin interaction using Kubelka-Munk theory, Scientific Research of the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, 2011, Volume 10, Issue 1, pages 71-81. The website: http://www.amcm. pcz.pl/
Generalized Comparative Statics for Political Economy Models

The Median Voter Theorem is an extremely popular result in Political Economy that holds only if the policy space is unidimensional. This assumption restricts its use to a class of very simple problems. In most applications in the literature this implied an oversimplification of the problem studied, which is one of the possible explanations for the lack of empirical support for several predictions derived with this tool. In this paper I show that under suitable restrictions on individual preferences a Median Voter Theorem can be derived even if the policy space is multidimensional and I derive the comparative statics of the resulting model induced by a change in the pivotal voter. I show that this tool can invalidate the predictions of the Meltzer-Richard model of size of goverment and that it can be useful to study other Political Economy problems that cannot be analyzed using the traditional framework, including games in which players have a richer strategy set than the policy vector to be chosen.
Formation of globular cluster systems – II. Impact of the cut-off of the cluster initial mass function

Observations of young star clusters reveal that the high-mass end of the cluster initial mass function (CIMF) deviates from a pure power-law and instead truncates exponentially. We investigate the effects of this truncation on the formation of globular cluster (GC) systems by updating our analytic model for cluster formation and evolution, which is based on dark matter halo merger trees coupled to empirical galactic scaling relations, and has been shown in previous work to match a wide array of observational data. The cutoff masses of $M_c=10^{6.5} M_{\odot}$ or $10^{7}M_{\odot}$ match many scaling relations: between the GC system mass and host halo mass, between the average metallicity of the GC system and host halo mass, and the distribution of cluster masses. This range of $M_c$ agrees with indirect measurements from extragalactic GC systems. Models with $M_c<10^{6.5}M_{\odot}$ cannot reproduce the observed GC metallicity and mass distributions in massive galaxies. The slope of the mass-metallicity relation for metal-poor clusters (blue tilt) for all $M_c$ models is consistent with observations within their errors, when measured using the same method. We introduce an alternative, more robust fitting method, which reveals a trend of increasing tilt slope for lower $M_c$. In our model the blue tilt arises because the metal-poor clusters form in relatively low-mass galaxies which lack sufficient cold gas to sample the CIMF at highest masses. Massive blue clusters form in progressively more massive galaxies and inherit their higher metallicity. The metal-rich clusters do not exhibit such a tilt because they form in significantly more massive galaxies, which have enough cold gas to fully sample the CIMF.
Pat: an Pedagogical and Affective Tutor

Resumo: This paper presents the architecture of a lifelike and emotional pedagogical agent, called Pat, which has the goal of inferring the student's emotions and applying affective tactics in order to adapt the educational environment to the student’s emotions, motivate him and promote a positive mood into the student, which fosters learning. Pat attempts to promote more positive feelings into the student by presenting emotional animated attitudes and encouragement messages which are chosen dynamically to compose its affective tactics. In order to accomplish this goal, its architecture is composed by two main modules: the brain that is responsible for inferring student's emotions and choosing the affective tactics, and the body that, given a affective tactic sent by the mind, selects and present dynamically the attitudes and speech that compose it. This paper also presents an evaluation of Pat’s affective tactics accomplished by teachers and pedagogues. Abstract: This paper presents the architecture of a lifelike and emotional pedagogical agent, called Pat, which has the goal of inferring the student's emotions and applying affective tactics in order to adapt the educational environment to the student’s emotions, motivate him and promote a positive mood into the student, which fosters learning. Pat attempts to promote more positive feelings into the student by presenting emotional animated attitudes and encouragement messages which are chosen dynamically to compose its affective tactics. In order to accomplish this goal, its architecture is composed by two main modules: the brain that is responsible for inferring student's emotions and choosing the affective tactics, and the body that, given a affective tactic sent by the mind, selects and present dynamically the attitudes and speech that compose it. This paper also presents an evaluation of Pat’s affective tactics accomplished by teachers and pedagogues.
Platinum-resistance and AKT Over-expression in Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is among the most common cause of cancer death and ranks first in the number of deaths each year in the field of gynaecological malignancies. This is due to its late diagnosis and the development of chemoresistance. Platinum derivates, including cisplatinum and carboplatinum in combination with paclitaxel, are the first-line chemotherapeutic agents. Platinum derivates intercalates irreversibly into the DNA and creates inter- and intra-strand DNA cross-links. During cell division, platinum-DNA-adducts block the replication machinery, inducing DNA damage and apoptosis. Nearly all patients respond to first line chemotherapy before it comes later to recurrence of the disease. At time of recurrence, tumours are usually more aggressive, form metastasis in secondary tissues and acquire resistance to conventional chemotherapeutics. Drug resistance is a common problem in tumour therapy not only restricted to ovarian cancer. This is characterized by gene mutations, increased DNA repair, reduced drug efficacy and enhanced drug clearance and detoxification. Up to now the complex molecular mechanism of chemoresistance is not well understood but increasing evidence points towards AKT over-expression and alteration of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR cascade as a central mechanistic reason for this resistance.
Exposure Assessment of Oxalate from the Native Vegetables Among the Dusun Ethnic Group in Sabah, Malaysia.

Background: Determination of the potentially toxic native vegetables was done through interviews of plant informants. Quantification of oxalate were done by using picrate oxalate kit. There were nine species of potentially toxic native vegetables from the Poaceae and Araceae family identified by the plant informants in Ranau, Tambunan and Kuala Penyu. Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the potentially toxic native vegetables consumed by the Dusun ethnic group in Sabah and to assess the exposure level to oxalates found in the native vegetables among the consumers. Results: The total oxalate content ranged from 19.65 – 64.06 mg/100g for raw samples which decreased to 2.33 – 5.40 mg/100g after boiling. Exposure assessment calculation showed that the exposure to oxalate from native vegetables consumption among the Dusun ethnic in Ranau, Tambunan and Kuala Penyu are considered below the safe level. The highest dose of exposure calculated for male respondents was 0.0270% from the reported fatal dose and 0.058% from the reported fatal dose among female respondents. Conclusion: In conclusion, all nine species of native vegetables in this study contain oxalate. However, proper processing method before consumption may reduce the potential toxicity of the native vegetables and reduce the exposure to a safer level.
Direct Inverse Control Based on Neural Network for Unmanned Small Helicopter Attitude and Altitude Control

This paper describes the development of inner loop control of a small helicopter using artificial neural network. A Direct Inverse Control (DIC) based on Neural Network is proposed to maintain the attitude (roll, pitch, and yaw) position on the helicopter hovering state, for several different altitude values. The adopted neural networks learning method to train the network is the backpropagation algorithm. Simulations using real experimental helicopter hovering flight data were conducted to verify the performance of the proposed NN-DIC system. It was revealed that the simulated NN-DIC system can follow the hovering trajectory reference with very low error values.
Numerical Study on Natural and Forced Convection in Electrochemical Cells

A numerically study has been performed to predict the dynamics of flow and mass transfer in the chemical solution of reactor. The solution exists between electrochemical cells. The mass and momentum conservation equations are used to describe the fluid motion. The code describes the effects of convection, diffusion, migration, chemical reaction and electrode reaction on the concentration, potential and current density distribution in an electrochemical reactor. The code has been tested through different cases including the prediction of flow in a binary electrolyte solution in natural convection and multi-ion electrochemical reactor where concentration, potential, current density distribution and concentration boundary layer can be compared with available experimental data and published numerical results.
From Boole to Leggett-Garg: Epistemology of Bell-Type Inequalities

In 1862, George Boole derived an inequality for variables that represents a demarcation line between possible and impossible experience. This inequality forms an important milestone in the epistemology of probability theory and probability measures. In 1985 Leggett and Garg derived a physics related inequality, mathematically identical to Boole’s, that according to them represents a demarcation between macroscopic realism and quantum mechanics. We show that a wide gulf separates the “sense impressions” and corresponding data, as well as the postulates of macroscopic realism, from the mathematical abstractions that are used to derive the inequality of Leggett and Garg. If the gulf can be bridged, one may indeed derive the said inequality, which is then clearly a demarcation between possible and impossible experience: it cannot be violated and is not violated by quantum theory. This implies that the Leggett-Garg inequality does not mean that the SQUID flux is not there when nobody looks, as Leggett and Garg suggest, but instead that the probability measures may not be what Leggett and Garg have assumed them to be, when no data can be secured that directly relate to them. We show that similar considerations apply to other quantum interpretation-puzzles such as two-slit experiments.