Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Title A new multipath routing approach to enhancing TCP security inad hoc wireless networks

In a typical mobile ad hoc network, mobile computing devices wander autonomously and communicate via temporary links in a self-organized computing system without any central administrator or infrastructure support. To support truly ad hoc impromptu communication among such uncoordinated devices, a data multipath routing algorithm can be used because there is no need to rely on a centralized encryption facility (e.g., a PKI server) or complicated distributed keying protocols. In this paper, we propose a data multipath routing algorithm called Multipath TCP Security (MTS) to enhance the data security. In MTS, the source node adaptively chooses the available routes rather than exhaustively testing the “stored routes” one by one. Simulation results show that our algorithm provides a reasonably good level of security and performance.
A Century of Interfuel Substitution

Abstract We investigate the demand for energy and the degree of substitutability among fossil fuels in the United States using the Normalized Quadratic (NQ) expenditure function and (to our knowledge) the longest span prices and quantities that have ever been studied before, from 1919 to 2012. In doing so, we merge the empirical energy demand systems literature with the recent financial econometrics literature, relaxing the homoskedasticity assumption and instead assuming that the covariance matrix of the errors of the flexible demand system is time-varying. We generate inference, in terms of a full set of elasticities, consistent with neoclassical microeconomic theory and the data generating process. Our results are in line with earlier findings in the literature based on shorter duration samples and different methodologies. They have important implications for climate policy intervention designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We show that there is a small but statistically significant substitution possibility between crude oil and natural gas, but not between crude oil and coal. We also provide evidence that natural gas is a substitute for coal when the price of coal changes, but coal is not a substitute for natural gas when the price of natural gas changes.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Dispensable chromosomes in Fusarium oxysporum f . sp lycopersici

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THE IMPACTS OF OIL PRICE VOLATILITY ON STRATEGIC INVESTMENT OF OIL COMPANIES IN NORTH AMERICA, ASIA, AND EUROPE

The crude oil price volatility plays an essential role for the oil companies when making a strategic investment decision. Different economic and political backgrounds could drive oil companies in North America, Asia, and Europe to make different strategic investment decision. Real options methodology is applied in analyzing the impact of oil price volatility on strategic investment of oil companies in the three regions. The empirical results show that the regional differences do exist, where the relationship between oil price volatility and oil companies' strategic investment in North America shows a reverse U shaped curve; meanwhile in Asia is exhibits a U shaped curve; while that in Europe shows a positive correlated linear relationship. These different regional results of oil price uncertainty could provide companies and governments essential information to make investment and policy decisions based on the according regions.
Quantum transport in d-dimensional lattices

We show that both fermionic and bosonic uniform d-dimensional lattices can be reduced to a set of independent one-dimensional chains. This reduction leads to the expression for ballistic energy fluxes in uniform fermionic and bosonic lattices. By the use of the Jordan–Wigner transformation we can extend our analysis to spin lattices, proving the coexistence of both ballistic and non-ballistic subspaces in any dimension and for any system size. We then relate the nature of transport to the number of excitations in the homogeneous spin lattice, indicating that a single excitation always propagates ballistically and that the non-ballistic behaviour of uniform spin lattices is a consequence of the interaction between different excitations.
The Impact of the Opening of High-Speed Rail on Innovation

This paper investigates how the reduction of the travel costs through improvement in transportation infrastructure lead to knowledge diffusion. Using the case of the opening of the Nagano-Hokuriku shinkansen, and applying the difference-in-differences approach, we estimate the impact of the high-speed rail on innovative activities along the line. We find that after the opening of the high-speed rail, innovative activities by establishments along the line significantly increased. Furthermore, collaborative patents across establishments along the line and citations of patents published by the establishments in Tokyo increased. These imply that the innovative activities along the line are increased through knowledge diffusion from nearby establishments and those in Tokyo.
Multilocus sequence phylogenetic analysis of

Received 2 September 2011 Revised 20 December 2011 Accepted 9 January 2012 Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 4 Stigbøjlen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Denmark GD, Postbus 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands Clinic for Avian, Reptile and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University for Veterinary Medicine Vienna (Vetmeduni Vienna), Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
Bayesian Learning of Climate Sensitivity I: Synthetic Observations

The instrumental temperature records are affected by both external climate forcings—in particular, the increase of long-lived greenhouse gas emissions—and natural, internal variability. Estimates of the value of equilibrium climate sensitivity—the change in global-mean equilibrium near-surface temperature due to a doubling of the pre-industrial CO2 concentration—and other climate parameters using these observational records are affected by the presence of the internal variability. A different realization of the natural variability will result in different estimates of the values of these climate parameters. In this study we apply Bayesian estimation to simulated temperature and ocean heat-uptake records generated by our Climate Research Group’s Simple Climate Model for known values of equilibrium climate sensitivity, T2x direct sulfate aerosol forcing in reference year 2000, FASA, and oceanic heat diffusivity, ΔT2x. We choose the simulated records for one choice of values of the climate parameters to serve as the synthetic observations. To each of the simulated temperature records we add a number of draws of the quasi-periodic oscillations and stochastic noise, determined from the observed temperature record. For cases considering only values of ΔT2x and/or κ, the Bayesian estimation converges to the value(s) of ΔT2x and/or κ used to generate the synthetic observations. However, for cases studying FASA, the Bayesian analysis does not converge to the “true” value used to generate the synthetic observations. We show that this is a problem of low signal-to-noise ratio: by substituting an artificial, continuously increasing sulfate record, we greatly improve the value obtained through Bayesian estimation. Our results indicate Bayesian learning techniques will be useful tools in constraining the values of ΔT2x and κ but not FASA In our Group’s future work we will extend the methods used here to the observed, instrumental records of global-mean temperature increase and ocean heat uptake.
Identification of E-Banking Service Quality Gaps in Iran Evaluation of the Quality of Services Offered by Iranian Banks ’ ATMs

By employing the multi-attribute scale model of SERVQUAL, this research, unique in its kind –as no comprehensive study has been carried out on e-banking situation in Iraninvestigates the existing gaps in quality of services offered by the Iranian banks through their ATMs network. All five SERVQUAL gaps consisting of five dimensions of tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy have been examined in this study. More than 1300 questionnaires have been distributed among the people attributed to the vertices of SERVQUAL gaps including the customers, as well as banks’ top-level IT managers, card operations managers, ATM operators, and help desk staff, some 86 percent of which have been collected. The gathered data were analyzed by SPSS using Independent Samples Test to analyze the gaps. Results show that although banks’ managers perceive their customers’ expectations, there is not enough commitment on service quality among the middle managers. The study also reveals that procedures and standards are properly implemented and fortunately no impossible and unfeasible services have been promised to the customers, but generally there exists no complete satisfaction of the customers from the services offered by ATMs.
Performance Evaluation of aQuantum Entanglement Switch

ABSTRACT We study a quantum entanglement switch that serves k users in a star topology.Wemodel variants of the system usingMarkov chains and standard queueing theory and obtain expressions for switch capacity and the expected number of qubits stored in memory at the switch. While it is more accurate to use a discrete-time Markov chain (DTMC) tomodel such systems, we quickly encounter practical constraints of using this technique and switch to using continuous-time Markov chains (CTMCs). Using CTMCs allows us to obtain a number of analytic results for systems in which the links are homogeneous or heterogeneous and for switches that have infinite or finite buffer sizes. In addition, we can model the effects of decoherence of quantum states fairly easily using CTMCs. We also compare the results we obtain from the DTMC against the CTMC in the case of homogeneous links and infinite buffer, and learn that the CTMC is a reasonable approximation of the DTMC. From numerical observations, we discover that buffer size has little effect on capacity and expected number of stored qubits. We also learn that while decoherence does not significantly affect these performance metrics in homogeneous systems, it can have drastic consequences when heterogeneity is introduced.
Fachbeitrag begutachtet Efficient Interpretation of 3 D Point Clouds by Assessing Feature Relevance

The semantic interpretation of 3D point cloud data acquired with mobile laser scanning (MLS) systems has become a topic of major interest for photogrammetry, remote sensing and computer vision. In this paper, we propose a methodology for the semantic interpretation of point cloud data in terms of assigning each 3D point a semantic label. Our methodology involves (1) individual neighborhoods of optimal size in order to provide distinctive geometric features for each 3D point and (2) feature relevance assessment in order to reduce the computational burden with respect to processing time and memory consumption. More specifically, our approach for feature relevance assessment relies on a general relevance metric composed of seven different, classifier-independent feature selection strategies and thus addresses different intrinsic properties of the given training data. The results derived for a labeled benchmark dataset with about 1.3 million 3D points reveal that, instead of including as many features as possible in order to compensate a lack of knowledge about scene and data, a crucial task such as the semantic scene interpretation can be carried out with only few relevant features without a significant loss in classification accuracy.
Implementation of DPA Attacks on Flash-Based FPGA Hardware AES Cipher and Proposal of a Novel Correlated Power Noise Generator Countermeasures

In this paper, authors conducted a successful DPA attack on an AES hardware implementation on Flash-based FPGA technology. Correlation analysis method is used to reduce DPA attack data processing time. An experimental set-up is defined to implement on an FPGA board critical AES modules and DPA attack. As main contribution, this work proved the success of DPA attack on Flash-based FPGA. Experimental results showed that for different secret key values a maximum of correlation with the correct key is obtained during 20 mn of data processing time. To secure the hardware AES cipher against this DPA attack with reduced area and power consumption overhead a novel countermeasure based on a correlated power noise generator is proposed to remove the design power correlation with the secret key. Robustness of proposed countermeasure is proved against DPA attack implementation on Actel Fusion FLASH FPGA. The implementation on Xilinx Virtex 4 of the full 128-bits AES with the CPNG countermeasure leads to a smaller area overhead (12.78 times less) than conventional masking scheme countermeasure.
Spatial mapping of actual evapotranspiration and soil moisture in the Murrumbidgee catchment: Examples from National Airborne Field Experimentation

1 CSIRO Land and Water Division, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia 2 International Centre of Water for Food Security, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia Cooperative Research Centre for Irrigation Future (CRC IF), Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, CAS, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
miR 168 influences phase transition , leaf epinasty , and fruit development via SlAGO 1 s in tomato

In Arabidopsis thaliana, ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1) interacts with miR168 to modulate the small RNA regulatory pathway. However, the underlying mechanism of regulation and relationship between AGO1 and miR168 is poorly understood in the cash crop Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). We previously found that SlAGO1A and SlAGO1B were cleaved by miR168 in tomato. In this study, we show that SlAGO1A and SlAGO1B accumulate in miR168-sponge transgenic plants, and that expression of miR168-resistant SlAGO1A (4m-SlAGO1A) and SlAGO1B (4m-SlAGO1B) in tomato results in a series of defects affecting growth rate, floral timing, leaves, and fruit. Accumulation of miR156 was found when 4m-SlAGO1A was at an early developmental stage compared to the wild type and original SlAGO1A transgenic plants, and miR172 was highly expressed in adult 4m-SlAGO1A compared to the controls. In addition, the expression of multiple small RNAs was altered in 4m-SlAGO1A. Taken together, our data provide novel insights into the interaction between SlAGO1s and miR168 in determining growth rate, phase change, leaf epinasty, fruit initiation and expansion, and other developmental processes in tomato.
AN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC COMPARISON OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE WASTE TREATMENT IN THE TRADITIONAL MARKETS

Two different fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) collection and treatment systems have been evaluated and compared with the existing system in the largest traditional market located in Bandung city, Indonesia. In this study, greenhouse gas quantification was performed to compare the environmental impact of current landfill practices against two different options: (i) on-site composting, and (ii) on-site anaerobic digestion. In addition to this, the economic performance was also evaluated by estimating the cost-output ratio from costeffectiveness analysis and the payback period. The evaluation results were then presented in the matrix of strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) to provide an insight for the decision maker in determining the most appropriate solution for fruit and vegetable waste treatment system in the traditional markets. The results indicated that the alteration of FVW management system from the landfill to an on-site composting would decrease the cost-output ratio by 20%. Meanwhile, the implementation of an on-site anaerobic digestion showed a negative value of cost-output ratio indicating a profitable system. Furthermore, the estimation on net energy balance revealed that one ton of waste treated in a landfill, composting and anaerobic digestion would result in 3.52, 0.01 and -0.12 ton CO2-eq, with the negative sign indicating the energy production. In addition, the payback period for anaerobic digestion and composting are remarkably short; around 8 and 13 months, respectively. These two alternatives, however, would be less advantageous if the government cannot ensure the availability of target sectors that may benefit from the utilization of compost and digestate.
Title Dynamics of receptor-operated Ca ( 2 + ) currents through TRPCchannels controlled via the PI ( 4 , 5 ) P 2-PLC signaling pathway

Right © 2015 Mori, Itsuki, Hase, Sawamura, Kurokawa, Mori and Inoue. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Type Journal Article
Comparison of Machine Learning Models for the Prediction of System Marginal Price of Greek Energy Market

The Greek Energy Market is structured as a mandatory pool where the producers make their bid offers in dayahead basis. The System Operator solves an optimization routine aiming at the minimization of the cost of produced electricity. The solution of the optimization problem leads to the calculation of the System Marginal Price (SMP). Accurate forecasts of the SMP can lead to increased profits and more efficient portfolio management from the producer`s perspective. Aim of this study is to provide a comparative analysis of various machine learning models such as artificial neural networks and neuro-fuzzy models for the prediction of the SMP of the Greek market. Machine learning algorithms are favored in predictions problems since they can capture and simulate the volatilities of complex time series. Keywords—Deregulated energy market, forecasting, machine learning, system marginal price, energy efficiency and quality.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF BALL ON A MIDDLE SUPPORTED BEAM

286 Abstract— The ball and beam system is one of the most enduringly popular and important laboratory models for teaching control systems engineering. It is widely used because it is very simple to understand, and the control te chniques that can be studied it cover many important classical an d modern design methods. This system has a very important pro perty; it is open loop unstable. It is very simple system tha t is, a steel ball rolling on the top of a long beam. The beam is mounted on the shaft of an electrical motor the beam can be ti l ed about its Centre axis by applying an electrical control signa l to the motor amplifier. This paper describes how to obtain the equations of motion for the Ball and Beam process. There are two different methods for obtaining equations of the model. One of them is derived with simple mathematic equat ions using Newton’s second law and another through the use of the Lagrangian Method.
An Approximate Analysis for Hertzian Elliptical Wheel-Rail Contact Problem

The wheel-rail contact condition is modeled assuming two general quadratic surfaces. The formulation in this study aims primarily at determination of stresses by varying contact geometry arising from variation in profile geometry. A change in surface topology, may result from wear, brings in a change in contact geometry and stresses. To understand their influence profile radii are changed for six different values. Problem formulation is based on Timoshenko’s approach. Correspondingly, variations in the results in terms of principal stresses with changes in wheel profile radii, wheel taper and rail profile radii are obtained. A comparison with available published results shows an error within two to three percent of models [1, 2]. Results obtained are expected to help understand the rail wheel topology dependence on the stress deformation pattern. This may allow a direct design application for railways in particular. Keywords— Hertz Contact, Wheel-Rail, Contact Dimensions, Contact profile, Contact Stress, Contact Pressure, Radius of Curvatures.
The Visual Search Strategies Underpinning Effective Observational Analysis in the Coaching of Climbing Movement

Despite the importance of effective observational analysis in coaching the technical aspects of climbing performance, limited research informs this aspect of climbing coach education. Thus, the purpose of the present research was to explore the feasibility and the utility of a novel methodology, combining eye tracking technology and cued retrospective think-aloud (RTA), to capture the cognitive–perceptual mechanisms that underpin the visual search behaviors of climbing coaches. An analysis of gaze data revealed that expert climbing coaches demonstrate fewer fixations of greater duration and fixate on distinctly different areas of the visual display than their novice counterparts. Cued RTA further demonstrated differences in the cognitive–perceptual mechanisms underpinning these visual search strategies, with expert coaches being more cognizant of their visual search strategy. To expand, the gaze behavior of expert climbing coaches was underpinned by hierarchical and complex knowledge structures relating to the principles of climbing movement. This enabled the expert coaches to actively focus on the most relevant aspects of a climber’s performance for analysis. The findings demonstrate the utility of combining eye tracking and cued RTA interviewing as a new, efficient methodology of capturing the cognitive–perceptual processes of climbing coaches to inform coaching education/strategies.
Retina Structure / Psychophysical Relationships in X-Linked Retinoschisis

Citation: Bennett LD, Wang Y-Z, Klein M, Pennesi ME, Jayasundera T, Birch DG. Structure/psychophysical relationships in X-linked retinoschisis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57:332–337. DOI:10.1167/ iovs.15-18354 PURPOSE. To compare structural properties from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) and psychophysical measures from a subset of patients enrolled in a larger multicenter natural history study of X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS). METHODS. A subset of males (n 1⁄4 24) participating in a larger natural history study of XLRS underwent high-resolution SDOCT. Total retina (TR) thickness and outer segment (OS) thickness were measured manually. Shape discrimination hyperacuity (SDH) and contour integration perimetry (CIP) were performed on an iPad with the myVisionTrack application. Sensitivity was measured with fundus-guided perimetry (4-2 threshold testing strategy; 10-2 grid, spot size 3, 68 points). Correlation was determined with Pearson’s r correlation. Values are presented as the mean 6 SD.