Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anomaly Detection in Resource Constrained Environments With Streaming Data

Isolation Forest (or iForest) is a well-known technique for anomaly detection. It is, however, a bulky approach that assumes the luxury of large storage space and is also ineffective with dynamic streaming data so common nowadays in varied application domains. In this work, we present the Preprocessed Isolation Forest (PiForest) approach for anomaly detection that works well in resource constrained environments and is also effective on streaming data. PiForest is largely based on the iForest algorithm and to effectively handle the streaming data includes a pre-processing stage. In the pre-processing stage, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is first harnessed to significantly reduce the dimension and bulk of the data. Subsequently, the streaming characteristic of the data is handled through a sliding window mechanism that creates sequential blocks of data for systematic processing. PiForest is able to identify anomalies as effectively as iForest and other state-of-the-art anomaly detection techniques but has substantially low storage and prediction complexity. We conduct empirical evaluation of the proposed approach with standard data sets and show that it performs comparably with standard techniques in terms of Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC-ROC) and is able to work with high-dimensional, streaming data. Subsequently, we do a real-world hardware implementation of PiForest and demonstrate that the approach is realistic and practicable in resource-constrained environments.
Development, Validation and Testing of Effectivity of Online Learning Questionnaire (KEPO) in Pharmacy Students of Public Universities in Central Java Province, Indonesia

Objectives: To develop a valid and reliable questionnaire for assessing effectiveness of online learning in pharmacy students, and to determine the effectiveness and differences of online learning in pharmacy students of three public universities in Central Java. Methods: Development and validation of KEPO were consisting of identifying dimension, item development, preliminary pilot testing, then validation and reliability testing. The research on determining effectivity and differences was using descriptive analytic methods. KEPO was administered by Google form to pharmacy students in three public universities in Central Java Province. Data were analyzed descriptively to determine the effectivity score and category then tested using Kruskal Wallis test. Results: Final questionnaire consists of 14 items using Likert-style scores. All items were valid (r>0,321) and reliable (cronbach alpha 0,805) tested in 40 respondents as pilot testing. Average effectivity score of online learning in 478 pharmacy students of three public universities in Central Java was (37,88 +/ SD 4,9). There were no significant differences of online learning effectivity among pharmacy students in Diponegoro University, Sebelas Maret University, and Jenderal Soedirman University (p>0,05). Conclusions: KEPO is a valid and reliabel questionnaire used for assessing effectiv ity of online learning in pharmacy students.
Wind Turbine Gearbox fault early warning based on NEST

The condition detection of gearbox is of great significance to improve the operation level and reduce the maintenance cost of the wind turbine. Based on the nonlinear state estimation (NSET) method, the temperature model of the gear box bearing is set up to estimate the states of gear box and the estimated value of the gearbox bearing temperature is obtained. Having obtained the residual error of the estimated value and the actual value of the gearbox bearing temperature, the residual distribution characteristics are analyzed by sliding window error statistics method. The residual distribution characteristic of the model will be changed when the working condition of the gearbox is abnormal, and when the residual mean or standard deviation exceeds the set threshold, the warning is given.
Aspects of computer simulation of liquid-fuelled combustors

An existing 'discrete droplet' model of liquid sprays has been extended to include a stochastic representation of turbulent dispersion effects. Applications to simple test cases, including the dispersion of single particles, produce reasonable agreement. However, two further applications involving volatile and combusting sprays respectively show that the turbulent dispersion effects are small in comparison to those due to uncertainties about the initial conditions of the spray. 31 refs.
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING EXPERIMENTS OF UNSTEADY FLOW AROUND A CIRCULAR

The finite element method (FEM) has become one of the most important and useful engineering tools for engineers and scientists in the last three decades. Finite element method is considered very powerful and efficient tool in solving partial differential equations. Seeking for exact solution of some engineering applications, such as fluid flow problems, is still a challenging task to overcome. Based on this, finite element method can be used to model such problems and it is possible to obtain solution near to the exact one. In the present study, FEM is employed to discretize the governing equations for a viscous incompressible fluid flow around a circular cylinder inside a 2D channel. The fluid flow is described by the Navier– Stokes equations. There are many methods to tackle these equations. However, minding computational speed the choice is for a simple method called Chorin’s projection method for discretizing the Navier-Stokes equations. Results are presented for two different meshes and is shown that the elements density have some significant influence in the results. Also, there is an apparent effect on Cd and Cl calculation on the cylinder.
DIAZINON FACT SHEET

Diazinon is an organophosphate insecticide that originates from nerve gases the Nazis developed during World War II. Exposure to diazinon impairs neurological functioning and is associated with illnesses ranging from pancreatitis to cancer. Since 1956, diazinon has been used to kill insects on fruit, vegetable, and field crops in the United States. As a result, farmworkers are exposed to diazinon in the fields; children are exposed to diazinon in air, drinking water, and food; and wildlife is exposed to diazinon that contaminates the environment.
Blockchain-based Supply Chain Traceability for COVID-19 PPE

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted many industries, in particular the healthcare sector exposing systemic vulnerabilities in emergency preparedness, risk mitigation, and supply chain management. A major challenge during the pandemic was related to the increased demand of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) resulting in critical shortages for healthcare and frontline workers. The lack of information visibility combined with the inability to precisely track product movement within the supply chain requires an robust traceability solution. Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger that ensures a transparent,safe, and secure exchange of data among supply chain stakeholders. The advantages of adopting blockchain technology to manage and track PPE products in the supply chain include decentralized control, security, traceability,and auditable time-stamped transactions. In this paper, we present a blockchain-based approach using smart contracts to transform PPE supply chain operations. We propose a generic framework using Ethereum smart contracts anddecentralized storage systems to automate the processes and information exchange and present detailed algorithms that capture the interactions among supply chain stakeholders. The smart contract code was developed and tested in Remix environment, and the code is made publicly available on Github. We present detailed cost and security analysis incurred by the stakeholders in the supply chain. Adopting a blockchain-based solution for PPE supply chains is economically viable and provides a streamlined, secure, trusted, and transparent mode of communication among various stakeholders.
An Ultrawide Ku- To W-Band Array Antenna Package Using Flip-Chipped Silicon Integrated Passive Device With Multilayer PCB Technology

A new antenna-in-package (AiP) solution for a tightly connected bowtie array antenna using a silicon-based integrated passive device (IPD) on a multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) is developed. The proposed IPD antenna is flip-chipped on the PCB through solder balls and gold studs, whereas a vertical coax-via-based feeding structure is used to provide differential excitation. The proposed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5\,\,{\times }\,\,{5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array AiP shows a bandwidth of 18.58–100 GHz with differential VSWR <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\le3.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> when only exciting the central antenna element. The simulations are validated through the fabrication and measurement of prototypes, demonstrating a reasonable agreement in differential VSWR and radiation patterns.
Trapping of Metallic Porphyrins by Asphaltene Aggregates: A Size Exclusion Microchromatography With High-Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometric Detection Study

A combined liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer with an ICP detector (μSEC-HR ICP MS; μSEC ICP for brevity) technique was used to analyze the metals in four asphaltenes and their corresponding A1 (toluene insoluble), A2 (toluene soluble), and trapped compound (TC, heptane soluble) fractions. For three of the asphaltene samples, the normalized μSEC ICP profiles for both nickel and sulfur were very similar, showing that nickel porphyrins were distributed in almost all types of asphaltene aggregates. Extensive overlapping with sulfur profiles was observed for all vanadium and nickel profiles at retention times below the maximum bands. This suggests that large amounts of nickel and other organometallic or metal-porphyrin-type (MP) compounds are interlocked with asphaltene molecules, forming aggregates in solution. The separation of MP compounds using common separation techniques is very difficult as extraction would require dissociation into several molecules. The presence of TCs (e.g., compou.
Measurement of SO2 and SO3 using a tunable diode laser system

We describe the set-up and operation of a mid-infrared (lead- salt) tunable diode laser system used to measure SO2 and SO3 levels in the exhaust plume of an aircraft engine in an altitude test chamber. These measurements were part of an on-going effort to determine the sulfur emission and conversion of SO2 to SO3 in a representative exhaust under different altitudes, power conditions, and fuel sulfur loadings. Results obtained using this set-up demonstrate the ability to measure SO2 concentrations in the low ppmv range and the possibility of detecting SO3 when it is present at similar levels.
Kinetics and thermodynamics of reversible disproportionation–comproportionation in redox triad oxoammonium cations – nitroxyl radicals – hydroxylamines

Kinetics and equilibrium of the acid-catalyzed disproportionation of cyclic nitroxyl radicals R2NO• to oxoammonium cations R2NO+ and hydroxylamines R2NOH is defined by redox and acid–base properties of these compounds. In a recent work (J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2014, 27, 114-120), we showed that the kinetic stability of R2NO• in acidic media depends on the basicity of the nitroxyl group. Here, we examined the kinetics of the reverse comproportionation reaction of R2NO+ and R2NOH to R2NO• and found that increasing in –I-effects of substituents greatly reduces the overall equilibrium constant of the reaction K4. This occurs because of both the increase of acidity constants of hydroxyammonium cations K3H+ and the difference between the reduction potentials of oxoammonium cations ER2NO+/R2NO• and nitroxyl radicals ER2NO•/R2NOH. pH dependences of reduction potentials of nitroxyl radicals to hydroxylamines E1/3Σ and bond dissociation energies D(O–H) for hydroxylamines R2NOH in water were determined. For a wide variety of piperidine- and pyrrolidine-1-oxyls values of pK3H+ and ER2NO+/R2NO• correlate with each other, as well as with the equilibrium constants K4 and the inductive substituent constants σI. The correlations obtained allow prediction of the acid–base and redox characteristics of redox triads R2NO•–R2NO+–R2NOH. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extraordinarily Sensitive and Low‐Voltage Operational Cloth‐Based Electronic Skin for Wearable Sensing and Multifunctional Integration Uses: A Tactile‐Induced Insulating‐to‐Conducting Transition

Electronic skin sensing devices are an emerging technology and have substantial demand in vast practical fields including wearable sensing, robotics, and user‐interactive interfaces. In order to imitate or even outperform the capabilities of natural skin, the keen exploration of materials, device structures, and new functions is desired. However, the very high resistance and the inadequate current switching and sensitivity of reported electronic skins hinder to further develop and explore the promising uses of the emerging sensing devices. Here, a novel resistive cloth‐based skin‐like sensor device is reported that possesses unprecedented features including ultrahigh current‐switching behavior of ≈107 and giant high sensitivity of 1.04 × 104–6.57 × 106 kPa−1 in a low‐pressure region of <3 kPa. Notably, both superior features can be achieved by a very low working voltage of 0.1 V. Taking these remarkable traits, the device not only exhibits excellent sensing abilities to various mechanical forces, meeting various applications required for skin‐like sensors, but also demonstrates a unique competence to facile integration with other functional devices for various purposes with ultrasensitive capabilities. Therefore, the new methodologies presented here enable to greatly enlarge and advance the development of versatile electronic skin applications.
Roller Skating Promotes the Physical Health of Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta analysis

Background: This meta-analysis aimed to systematically analyse the influencing factors of roller skating on the physical health of children and adolescents and to discuss the intervention effect of roller skating on the physical health of children and adolescents. Methods: Taking "Roller Skating", "Children", "Youth", "roller-skating", "minors", "childhood", and "adolescent" as the subject words, a combination of subject words and free text was used to perform a comprehensive search of 7 electronic databases: China Knowledge Network (CNKI), WanFang and Weipu Periodicals, Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus. We searched for randomized controlled trials of roller skating with respect to promoting the health of children and adolescents. We searched from inception to 31 December 2019, with no language restrictions.Results: Sixteen studies with 1296 patients were included. Pooled analysis showed a favorable effect of Roller Skating in total effective rate.Balance ability (SMD=0.86,95%CI:0.72-1.01;Z=11.94,P < 0.0001),Lower Limb power(SMD=0.52,95%CI:0.33-0.70;Z=5.55,P<0.0001),Speed quality(SMD=0.17,95%CI:0.14-0.20;Z=11.67,P<0.01),Social adaptability(SMD=0.68,95%CI:0.32-1.04;Z=3.67,P<0.01)andEndurace quality(SMD=-0.24,95%CI:-0.38-0.10;Z=3.42,P<0.01)while no significant differences were found in Bodyheigh(SMD=0.13,95%CI:-0.01-0.27;Z=1.79,P>0.01),Flexibility(SMD=0.05,95%CI:-0.09-0.19;Z=0.65,P>0.01),Sensitive quality(SMD=0.64,95%CI:-1.13-2.41;Z=0.71,P>0.01) and Vita capacity(SMD=1.92,95% CI:0.17-3.67;Z=2.15,P>0.01) between the two groups.Conclusion: The current evidence shows that roller skating effectively promotes balance, lower limb strength, speed quality, body endurance and social adaptability in children and adolescents; the improvement in male endurance was lower than that in females in the adolescent stage. However, the improvement in male lower limb strength was greater than that of females, and there was no improvement in the flexibility and agility of males or females in these two periods.
Interannual variability in acoustic detection of blue and fin whale calls in the Northeast Atlantic High Arctic between 2008 and 2018

Northern Hemisphere blue and fin whales are regular summer migrants to Arctic waters. Given the profound changes the Arctic is currently undergoing due to global warming, changes in habitat use and distribution of these migratory species are predicted. In this study, 3 passive acoustic recorders, 2 in Fram Strait about 95 km apart and 1 north of the Svalbard Archipelago (Atwain), were used to investigate the spatial and temporal vocal occurrence of these species in the Northeast Atlantic High Arctic. Acoustic data were available for 7 years for western Fram Strait (WFS), 2.5 years for central Fram Strait (CFS) and 3 years for Atwain. At both Fram Strait locations, most blue whale call detections occurred from August through October, though recently (2015-2018) in WFS a clear increase in blue whale call rates was detected in June/July, suggesting an expansion of the seasonal occurrence of blue whales. In WFS, fin whale calls were detected intermittently, at low levels, almost year-round. In CFS, fin whale calls were more frequent but occurred mainly from July through December. At Atwain, blue whale detections commenced in July, both species were recorded in September/October and fin whale calls extended into November. Results from this study provide novel long-term baseline information about the occurrence of blue and fin whales at extreme northerly locations, where traditional ship-based survey methods are seasonally limited. Continued sampling will support investigation of how environmental change influences cetacean distribution and habitat use.
An Empirical Study on the Impacts of Autonomy of Components on Qualities of Software Systems

More and more autonomous computing entities are implemented and deployed on the Internet and they are supposed to be able to adapt to the instable connection, decentralized control, dynamism and openness of the networking environment. Prior to implementing these autonomous computing entities, software engineers should decide a range of acceptable autonomy of components to ensure qualities of both individual components and the whole system. In order to qualitatively investigate how the autonomy of components impact on the qualities of the whole system and what other factors impact their relations, we conducted an experimental study based on the stochastic process. First, we give the definition of autonomy and an approach for measuring autonomy degree of a component based on the general recognition of the academia. Next, we build up a mathematical model for the relationship between autonomy degree and quality by using the stochastic process. At last, we construct an intelligent traffic control simulation system composed of Autonomous Components to concrete the mathematical model and to draw some generic conclusions from the experimental system. By recording these qualities under different autonomy degrees and different environment complexities, we work out the probability density distribution of quality movement. Combining the mathematical model, we give out some guides for autonomous components to adjust their autonomy degrees automatically under different contexts.
Impact of Small Scale Irrigation on Resettled Household Food Security: The Case of Hora, Gorrea & Shenkora Small Scale irrigations in Sasiga District of Wollega, Ethiopia

Small Scale Irrigation plays a substantial role in advancing agriculture by increasing productivity and enhancing household food security. The Objective of the study is to see factors affecting resettled farmers' participation decisions in Small scale irrigation and to analyze the impacts of small scale irrigation on household food security. The study used cross-sectional data with a multistage stage sampling technique of 262 and 77 non-irrigation and irrigation user resettled households were interviewed. Binary probit models, Heckman sample selection model two-step is employed in the analysis of the study. The study showed that resettled households with a strong perception on land productivity utilize modern agricultural input, more perception on soil fertility, more access of extension service and with the previous landholding on the site selected for irrigation have more likelihood of participation decision in small scale irrigation than that household with less access and perceptions. Contrary to that resettled households of large land Size holding, more perception on irrigation land repossession and more awareness on irrigation regulation are found to have less likelihood of participation decision in small-scale irrigation. The ordinary least square using adult Equivalent expenditure on food as outcome variable revealed that as Age of resettled households, distance from the market, tropical livestock holding, and crop diversification increases the resettle household food security increases. While Awareness of households on irrigation regulation & modern farm input utilization was found to harm resettled household food security. As per the study finding holding large land size, less awareness on irrigation regulation, and fear of repossession of irrigation land in case of defaulted farming are found to be the challenging factors to influence resettled household participation decision in small scale irrigation and while as the farmers adopt more input on rain-fed land and develop less awareness on irrigation regulation coping capacity to food security was challenged. This is due to farming input cost escalation, soil fertility deterioration, and poor land preparation, acidisty of the soil due to heavy rain fall and poor crop management practices and hesitation for land reposition incase of irrigation land preparation default. The study recommended a concerned body and stockholders to revisit irrigation regulation for amendment, soil, and water conservation practice to be taken as an intervention package and further study to exceed the scope of the study.
Constitutive Modeling of Force-Controlled Fatigue Testing in Human Meniscus Tissue

vi LIST OF TABLES . x LIST OF FIGURES . xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Motivation . 1 1.2 Research Goal . 2 CHAPTER TWO: BACKGROUND. 3 2.1 Meniscus Structure and Function . 3 2.2 Mechanical Fatigue Testing . 5 2.3 Constitutive Models for Fatigue . 7 2.4 Computational Methods for Simulating Constitutive Models . 10 CHAPTER THREE: CONSTITUTIVE MODELING OF FORCE-CONTROLLED FATIGUE TESTING IN HUMAN MENISCUS TISSUE. 13 3.
A Model-Driven DL Algorithm for PAPR Reduction in OFDM System

Deep learning (DL) has dramatically improved the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) performance. However, the high computational complexity and excessive training data constitute a significant hurdle. In this letter, a model-driven deep learning algorithm is proposed for PAPR reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. Precisely, an iterative peak-canceling signal generation scheme is unfolded as a layer structure of the DL network. The scheme falls into the category of tone reservation technique. A set of trainable parameters, which optimizes the clipping threshold and weights time-domain kernel function, has been designed and introduced into the iterative scheme. Compared with the existing approaches, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves comparable PAPR performance with low complexity and training costs.