Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Economic Growth and Population Health in Malaysia

The paper aims to examine the association between information and communication technology (ICT), economic growth and population health based on health production model in Malaysia. This theoretical health production function is represented as follows: where the output is an individual health outcome, and the inputs are determinants of health, such as income, education, health care costs, medical facilities, the environment, and lifestyle. The development of information and communication technologies are represented as of mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100) and fixed telephone subscriptions (100) using time series data from 1993–2017 from the World Bank database. Using the bound testing technique of cointegration, this study finds that ICT affects population health significantly and positively in the long- and short-run. This is because ICT inclusion improves human health and longevity. Whereas, economic growth has no significant impact on the population‟s health both in the short- and long-run. The findings indicate that a weak global economy affects Malaysia‟s economic growth and reduces the health expenditure per capita. The results of this study suggest that policymakers must develop policies that improves public health by increasing health literacy, disseminating health information and facilitating medical facilities. This study also suggests that health care systems should to concentrate on digital inclusion.
Assisting classical paintings restoration: efﬁcient paint loss detection and descriptor-based inpainting using shared pretraining

In the restoration process of classical paintings, one of the tasks is to map paint loss for documentation and analysing purposes. Because this is such a sizable and tedious job automatic techniques are highly on demand. The currently available tools allow only rough mapping of the paint loss areas while still requiring considerable manual work. We develop here a learning method for paint loss detection that makes use of multimodal image acquisitions and we apply it within the current restoration of the Ghent Altarpiece . Our neural network architecture is inspired by a multiscale convolutional neural network known as U-Net. In our proposed model, the downsampling of the pooling layers is omitted to enforce translation invariance and the convolutional layers are replaced with dilated convolutions. The dilated convolutions lead to denser computations and improved classiﬁcation accuracy. Moreover, the proposed method is designed such to make use of multimodal data, which are nowadays routinely acquired during the restoration of master paintings, and which allow more accurate detection of features of interest, including paint losses. Our focus is on developing a robust approach with minimal user-interference. Adequate transfer learning is here crucial in order to extend the applicability of pre-trained models to the paintings that were not included in the training set, with only modest additional re-training. We introduce a pre-training strategy based on a multimodal, convolutional autoencoder and we ﬁne-tune the model when applying it to other paintings. We evaluate the results by comparing the detected paint loss maps to manual expert annotations and also by running virtual inpainting based on the detected paint losses and comparing the virtually inpainted results with the actual physical restorations. The results indicate clearly the eﬃcacy of the proposed method and its potential to assist in the art conservation and restoration processes
Imposing boundary‐aware prior into CNNs‐based medical image segmentation

While convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have become the first choice for the medical image segmentation, they still lack the critical ingredient of incorporating priors, such as smoothness and boundary shapes. The authors tackle the limitation by developing a novel prior that is boundary-aware in two ways: promoting smoothness without blurring object boundaries and punishing prediction errors according to boundary shapes. They bring the boundary-aware property into effect by weighting the prediction gradients and errors with the distance map. Their prior differs from previous approaches that either over-smooth boundaries or tend to produce rough boundaries. They evaluate their prior alongside the cross-entropy (CE) on a cardiac MRI dataset. Compared to CE alone, their prior improves the Dice score by 1.5% and Hausdorff distance by 53%. It also yielded a faster and more stable learning process.
Characterization of the Effect of Moisture on Tribology of Titanium Rubbed Against Different Pin Materials

Tribology investigations were conducted to understand the effect of humidity and water adsorption at the interfacial surface on the friction coefficient of titanium. Pin-on-disk tribometer tests were conducted at different levels of humidity ranging from 0% to 71% RH using aluminum and steel pins on a titanium plate. The variation of the mean coefficient of friction was plotted as a function of relative humidity. The friction coefficient slightly decreased when the relative humidity was increased from 0% to 10% RH. However, it increased with a further increase in humidity. The maximum friction coefficients were observed at 55% and 65% RH for steel and aluminum, respectively. The thickness of the wear tracks also showed the same trend as the friction coefficient. Under high humidity conditions, water vapor can condense on the surface of the moving machine parts. To understand the influence of this water film, a pin-on-disk test was carried out on a sample where a thin film of water masks metal surfaces from contact. Although the coefficient of friction was similar for both the aluminum and steel pins’ interaction with titanium (~0.36), the wear tracks were not formed for steel pin/titanium interaction even though this experiment was conducted for more cycles.
Effect of channel geometries on two-phase mixture level swell and its fluctuation amplitude

Gas–liquid two-phase flow in a stagnant pool is an important phenomenon in designing and operating industrial facilities. When gas is mixed or boiling occurs in stagnant water, the actual water level appears higher than the original water level. The actual water level is called a two-phase mixture level and largely depends on the flow channel geometries, dimensions, and flow conditions. This study focuses on the influence of channel geometries, circular pipes and rod bundles, on the two-phase mixture level and its fluctuation behavior. An air–water experiment using circular pipes with inner diameters of 50 and 224 mm and 5 × 5 and 10 × 10 rod bundles was conducted, and the two-phase mixture level swell was visually observed. As the inlet gas flow rate increased, the two-phase mixture level basically increased regardless of the channel geometry. The fluctuation amplitude was remarkably increased by formulating the slug bubbles covering the entire diameter in the small pipe with a diameter of up to 50 mm. In the rod bundles and large pipe with a diameter of 224 mm, no slug bubble was sustained, and the two-phase water level and its fluctuation amplitude were relatively small compared with those of the small pipe. values and experimental data. The experimental results of the fluctuation amplitude indicate that the axial flow development, or the flow regime transition, affected the difference from the lumped parameter model in the transition to the churn–slug flow or churn flow.
Fully-automatic raw G-band chromosome image segmentation

Analysis of the chromosome images plays an important role in discovering one's genetic information and possible genetic disorders. Segmentation has a very substantial place in the chromosome analysis and without an automatic solution, it is a time-consuming and error-prone procedure. Many researchers tried to automate the segmentation process. However, background noise, objects other than chromosomes in the image, touching and overlapped chromosomes are still current issues. To address these issues, the authors proposed fully-automatic raw G-band chromosome image segmentation, which aims to segment every single chromosome with a minimal error. The proposed algorithm contains the following steps: clearing the background noise, eliminating the objects other than chromosomes, distinguishing single chromosomes and chromosome clusters, separating touching and overlapping chromosomes. The proposed algorithm is tested on 508 raw images and achieved an accuracy of 94.7% for touching chromosome separation, 96.3% for overlapped chromosome separation, and 98.94% for segmentation of all chromosomes. The whole segmentation process takes 2–7 s for one image, depending on the number of touching and overlapping chromosomes. The segmentation results showed that compared to the previously proposed methods, their algorithm achieved better accuracy.
Relative Importance of Sustainability Measures and Costs in Mutual Fund Selection

Impact investing has become a mainstream investment practice, especially for millennial investors. More financially savvy than their Generation X predecessors and with an increased concern for environmental and social justice issues, Millennials are transforming socially responsible investing from unconventional to commonplace. This article examines the relationship between sustainability and mutual fund returns (both historical and anticipated) to identify beneficial information that socially responsible investors can use in making investment decisions. Using Morningstar sustainability ratings, star ratings, and analyst ratings, the authors find a very low correlation between sustainability and fund returns. Sustainability ratings do not vary across Morningstar star ratings or analyst ratings; nor do Morningstar star or analyst ratings vary within high or low sustainability groupings. The practical relevance of these findings is that socially responsible investors do not have to sacrifice financially when investing with a positive social inclination. However, the authors document the ability to enhance sustainable investment returns by limiting fund costs in the form of load charges and expense ratios. Low costs are associated with higher Morningstar star ratings and forward-looking analyst ratings. Hence, it is possible to “do well” financially by selecting less expensive funds with high sustainability ratings. TOPICS: ESG investing, mutual fund performance Key Findings • The practical relevance of these findings is that socially responsible investors do not have to sacrifice financially when investing with a positive social inclination. • The authors document the ability to enhance sustainable investment returns by limiting fund costs in the form of load charges and expense ratios. • Hence, it is possible to “do well” financially by selecting less expensive funds with high sustainability ratings.
DETERMINATION OF INHIBITION ACTIVITY OF α- AMYLASE ENZYME, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, ANTIBACTERIAL Activity AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS BY USING SOME MEDICAL PLANTS

The inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes such as α-amylase can be an important strategy in the postprandial blood glucose level in patients with type II diabetes, plants contains different chemical constituents with potential for inhibition of α-amylase and hence may be used as therapeutic. Nine types of plants include (Clove, Lemon, Chamomile, Radish, Ginger, Black seed, pomegranate, Beetroot and Garlic) were used in this study to select the optimum plant material that inhibited αamylase enzyme. Raphanus raphanistrum was chosen, it had the highest inhibition activity of the enzyme (95.5%). Also sodium phosphate buffer (0.2 M, pH 7.5) was selected as a best extraction buffer of plants inhibitor with inhibition activity 83%. The optimum extraction ratio represented by 1:20 (w:v) after 90 min, it was given 96.8% enzyme inhibition activity. Antioxidant activities of plants were performed using DPPH free radical scavenging assay, and lemon had a highest by 94.4%. This confirms that the plant might protect cells from oxidative damage, resulting in certain diseases. The antimicrobial properties of lemon, garlic, clove have been proven the highest effective against selected human pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Enterococcus sp. Also total phenolic content (TPC) of lemon and garlic were estimated spectrophotometrically according to the FolinCiocalteu procedure and calculated as gallic acid equivalents (GAE), lemon revealed the highest value compared with garlic.
Regulation of intestinal chloride secretion by direct and indirect activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor

Intestinal fluid transport is critical for mediating proper digestion, absorption of nutrients, and clearance of waste, toxins, and pathogens, all without excessive dehydration. Movement of water is largely passive and driven by osmotic gradients established by active transport of ions. Apposite fluidity of intestinal contents is achieved through tightly regulated coordination of a complex machinery of ion transporters involved in both absorptive and secretory processes. The intestinal epithelium must respond to an ever-changing luminal environment and fluid transport is regulated in response to a variety of endogenous stimuli including neuronal, hormonal, and immune mediators, as well as exogenous environmental factors such as bacterial agents, nutrients, and toxins. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) is an important regulator of intestinal chloride secretion and can be differentially activated in response to a variety of stimuli to elicit divergent effects. Furthermore, signaling through EGFr is modified in the context of the overall physiological setting, for instance in the presence of inflammation or infection. Different components of the secretory machinery are regulated in response to differential activation of EGFr. A number of diseases and conditions exhibit dysregulation of intestinal fluid transport characterized by disturbances in absorption, secretion, or both. To fully address many of these conditions, it is important to understand how EGFr activation regulates intestinal fluid transport under various physiological conditions. To this end, we set out to identify transporter targets subject to regulation by EGFr under conditions that differentially activate the receptor. We have identified Na⁺, K⁺, 2 Cl⁻ Cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), a widely expressed transporter important to chloride secretion, as being differentially regulated through EGFr activation. When EGFr is transactivated in response to the cholinergic agonist, carbachol, NKCC1 is endocytosed from its site of activity at the basolateral plasma membrane through a mechanism that requires EGFr-dependent activation of mitogen- activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. However, when EGFr is activated through direct exposure to the bona fide ligand, epidermal growth factor (EGF), phosphatidylinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) is recruited rather than MAPK and NKCC1 is not endocytosed. This divergent regulation of NKCC1 through differential activation of EGFr has implications not only for the regulation of intestinal ion and fluid transport and the treatment of their dysregulation, but also for a number of other physiological processes and pathologies involving EGFr and NKCC1
Contributions of Dickkopf‐1 to Obesity‐Induced Bone Loss and Marrow Adiposity

Low bone strength in overweight individuals is a significant medical problem. One important determinant of mesenchymal stem cell fate into osteoblasts or adipocytes is the Wnt signaling pathway. We recently showed that Dickkopf‐1 (DKK1), a potent Wnt inhibitor, is upregulated in obese mice. In this study, we investigated the role of DKK1 in the pathogenesis of obesity‐induced bone loss using global and tissue‐specific KO mice. Obesity was induced in 8‐week‐old male mice with an inducible global (Rosa26‐CreERT2) or osteoprogenitor‐ (Osx–Cre‐) specific deletion of Dkk1 with a high‐fat diet (HFD) containing 60% fat. After 12 weeks, body weight, bone volume, bone fat mass, and bone turnover were assessed. Dkk1 fl/fl;Rosa26‐CreERT2 mice experienced a similar increase in body weight and white fat pads as control mice. A HFD significantly reduced trabecular bone mass and the bone formation rate in Cre‐ mice and Dkk1 fl/fl;Rosa26‐CreERT2 mice. Interestingly, Dkk1 fl/fl;Rosa26‐CreERT2 mice were protected from HFD‐induced cortical bone loss. Furthermore, a HFD was associated with increased bone marrow fat in the femur, which was less pronounced in Dkk1 fl/fl;Rosa26‐CreERT2 mice. Mice with an osteoprogenitor‐specific Dkk1 deletion showed similar results as the global knockout, showing a protection against HFD‐induced cortical bone loss and an accumulation of bone marrow fat, but a similar decrease in trabecular bone volume. In summary, DKK1 appears to contribute distinctly to cortical, but not trabecular bone loss in obesity. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Early Onset Depression Has Different Characteristics from Middle-Aged Depression in Terms of Circadian Rhythm

Despite bipolar disorder being a major debilitating mental illness, approximately 60% of patients with bipolar disorder are initially diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) [1,2]. Some studies revealed that many people diagnosed with depression have bipolar disorder, most of whom are not diagnosed as being bipolar [3-5]. In particular, a study demonstrated that 27% of patients initially diagnosed with depressive disorder developed hypomanic episodes while 19% of patients developed full bipolar manic episodes [6]. Misdiagnosing a patient with bipolar disorder experiencing a depressive episode as having unipolar depression may cause several negative consequences, including inappropriate pharmacological prescriptions [7]. Several demographic and clinical characteristics are common between bipolar disorder and unipolar depression, including an early onset of illness (early 20s) and seasonality [8]. The Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) is a widely used screening instrument for bipolar disorder in patients with depression [9]. Emerging eviEarly Onset Depression Has Different Characteristics from Middle-Aged Depression in Terms of Circadian Rhythm
Control on Temperature of Hybrid Nanofluid in Evacuated Tube Solar Collector Using Smart Curtain

This research was revealed control on temperature hybrid nanofluid in evacuated tube solar collector system, where the hybrid nanofluid utilized as working fluid in ETC for enhancement the thermal performance for heating device. The smart curtain was used for purpose shadow the evacuated tube solar collector for controlling on temperature of the hybrid nanofluid in heating or cooling conditions. In addition, Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) a way of artificial intelligence was applied to control on the shadow the evacuated solar tube collector. Where the main principle of the curtain is to control the polarization of the sun radiation, the curtain work depends on three parameters were applied in ANFIS technique, two parameters are input variable like as (temperature of hybrid nanofluids (inlet, outlet) and ambient temperature, and one output parameter represents by (distance parameter).
Lipid deposition and fatty acid composition of some adipose depots in lambs fed coconut oil supplemented diet

SUMMARY A study with 10 male lambs of Bulgarian dairy synthetic population was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary coconut oil supplementation on the lipid deposition of the carcass and the fatty acid composition in the internal, subcutaneous and intermuscular adipose tissue. The animals were divided in two groups - control and experimental, as the lambs from the latter received diet supplemented with coconut oil in amount 20g /d per animal for a period of three months. Judged by the measurements of the thickness of the subcutaneous adipose tissue in three locations, the dietary coconut oil supplementation did not increase significantly the lipid deposition of the carcass. Although a trend towards higher thickness of the subcutaneous fat in these locations was observed in the animals from the coconut oil supplemented group. Adipose tissue deposition was dependent on the location in the carcass. The content of the lauric, myristic and palmitic fatty acids, the total amount of the saturated fatty acids and the values of the atherogenic index were significantly increased (P<0.001) in response to the coconut oil included in the diet, thus indicating a certain unfavourable effect of the dietary coconut oil supplementation in amount of 20 g/d per animal. The content of the stearic acid as well as the stearoyl-CoA desaturase and elongase activities, and the total amount of the polyunsaturated fatty acids were lower (P<0.001; P<0.01) in the animals that received coconut oil. For most of the fatty acids depot specific influence was observed.
Structure, Chromosome Location, andExpression oftheHuman y-Actin Gene:Differential Evolution, Location, andExpression of theCytoskeletal 1-andy-Actin Genes

The accumulation of the cytoskeletal 13- and -y-actin mRNAs was determined in a variety of mouse tissues and organs. The 1-isoform is always expressed in excess of the y-isoform. However, the molar ratio of 13- to y-actin mRNA varies from 1.7 in kidney and testis to 12 in sarcomeric muscle to 114 in liver. We conclude that, whereas the cytoskeletal ,B- and y-actins are truly coexpressed, their mRNA levels are subject to differential regulation between different cell types. The human y-actin gene has been cloned and sequenced, and its chromosome location has been determined. The gene is located on human chromosome 17, unlike ,B-actin which is on chromosome 7. Thus, if these genes are also unlinked in the mouse, the coexpression of the P- and ly-actin genes in rodent tissues cannot be determined by gene linkage. Comparison of the human P- and y-actin genes reveals that noncoding sequences in the 5'-flanking region and in intron III have been conserved since the duplication that gave rise to these two genes. In contrast, there are sequences in intron III and the 3'-untranslated region which are not present in the 1-actin gene but are conserved between the human y-actin and the Xenopus borealis type 1 actin genes. Such conserved noncoding sequences may contribute to the
Modelling and docking analysis of a tumor target protein BAG3

BCL2 associated anthanogene (BAG)s are class of proteins linked to tumorigenesis and apoptosis. Therefore, it is of interest to design and develop potent inhibitors for BAG. Hence, we report the optimal structure-based docked features of sesamolin with BAG3 with the acceptable ADMET properties for consideration in the context of Glioblastoma Multiforme treatment and therapy.
A novel bioreactor design for enhanced aerobic granular sludge formation: effects of cationic polymer and boric acid addition

Compared to the conventional activated sludge, granular sludge has many advantages like good settling ability, high biomass retention and ability to withstand a high organic loading rate. In this study, the effects of boric acid and chitosan addition on granule formation was investigated in a novel Custom‐made upflow aerobic granular sludge reactor for 22 days. According to the microscopic results, granulation in all reactors started at 5–7 days. The polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR–DGGE) results indicate the evolution of the bacterial community during the granulation process. In addition, high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that 100 mg/L of terephthalic acid (TA) was totally degraded in all reactors during 24 hours period. To date, chitosan was generally used in anaerobic granulation studies. Thus, there is little known about the role of chitosan in aerobic granulation. The findings in this study constitute important information about the process of granule formation and the factors that are essential to aerobic granulation.