Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementation Naïve Bayes Algorithm for Student Classification Based on Graduation Status

Length of study in college is a time it takes a student to have completed the study in college. Bachelor degree in achieving normal that it takes time for four years, but still there are students who completed their studies beyond normal limits (over four years). This such as influence on the value of accreditation of the institution. In this paper, we used five variables: grade point average (GPA), Concentration in High School, Sex, participation in assistance and city of residence, which are classified by the Graduation Status students over four years and less than equal to four years. The method used for the classification of a student's study time is Naive Bayes algorithm. This study investigated classification student based on Graduation Status in Department Statistics of the Islamic University of Indonesia. From the result, Naive Bayes algorithm classification is quite good with accuracy value for Naive Bayes is 81,18%.
Defect Detection on Texture using Statistical Approach

In this paper we present several techniques for detecting a simple defect on the texture. The simple defect is the defect that can be detected directly via image histogram or via image histogram of the transformed original image in the wavelet space. In this proposed methods we used kernel density estimate instead of histogram for presenting the distribution of the image gray levels. The simple defects can be detected as the area in the tail of the image gray level distribution. Therefore a threshold in the left or right (or both) side(s) of the gray level distribution is needed. This threshold will indicate the defect area to the non defect area in the image distribution. In this paper, we used three techniques to determine the threshold poin. The first one, we used the concept of significance level in statistical hypotheses, we assume that the probability of the defect gray level lies in that level, e.g. alpha = 5%, the threshold poin in this approach is the poin in the gray level (x-axis of the distribution) that makes the propobability of the gray level equal to alpha. The second approach, we used the modified Otsu method, and the last one we use the Hill estimator. These approaches will produce a rectilinear which cover the defect area. The smallest the rectilinear can detect the defected area the better the performance of the proposed method. In this way of measurement, Hill estimator performs better than the other two proposed methods.
ON THE INVERSE MULTIFRACTAL FORMALISM

Abstract Two of the main objects of study in multifractal analysis of measures are the coarse multifractal spectra and the Rényi dimensions. In the 1980s it was conjectured in the physics literature that for ‘good’ measures the following result, relating the coarse multifractal spectra to the Legendre transform of the Rényi dimensions, holds, namely \begin{eqnarray*} \text{`the coarse multifractal spectra $=$ the Legendre transforms of the R\'enyi dimensions'. } \end{eqnarray*} This result is known as the multifractal formalism and has now been verified for many classes of measures exhibiting some degree of self-similarity. However, it is also well known that there is an abundance of measures not satisfying the multifractal formalism and that, in general, the Legendre transforms of the Rényi dimensions provide only upper bounds for the coarse multifractal spectra. The purpose of this paper is to prove that even though the multifractal formalism fails in general, it is nevertheless true that all measures (satisfying a mild regularity condition) satisfy the inverse of the multifractal formalism, namely \text{`the R\'enyi dimensions$\,{=}\,$the Legendre transforms of the coarse multifractal spectra'. } \]}
Urban drainage integrated modelling: uncertainty propagation and parameters identifiability

In urban drainage, new computational possibilities also supported the development of new integrated approaches aimed the joint water quantity and quality analysis of the whole urban drainage system. Although the benefit of an integrated approach has been widely demonstrated, up to day several aspects prevent its applicability such as scarce availability of field data if compared with model complexity. These aspects prevent sometimes the correct estimation of parameters thus leading to large uncertainty in modelling response. This is a typical parameter identifiability problem that will be discussed in the present paper evaluating the effect of identifiability procedure in increasing operator confidence in modelling results. The presented methodology has been applied to a home-made integrated urban drainage model that has been calibrated/validated considering field data collected in Savena experimental catchment (Bologna – Italy).
Avaliação de aglomerado de caule da colza colado com resina ureia-formaldeído produzida em laboratório

Brassica napus L. (rapeseed) stalk was used as a possible raw material for particleboard. A urea-formaldehyde resin was synthesized in the laboratory with resin solids at 50% content as a particleboard binder. The physical characteristics of the synthesized urea-formaldehyde resin were analyzed for solid content, specific gravity, viscosity, gel time, pH, and free formaldehyde content. The laboratory particleboards were made using rapeseed stalk and wood particles based on a rapeseed stalk oven dry weight of 0, 23, 48, 73, and 100% with UF resin. The physical and mechanical properties of the particleboards were tested according to the ASTM D 1037-99 procedure. The internal bond, bending strength and screw-holding properties of the particleboards made using the urea-formaldehyde resin decreased gradually with increasing rapeseed stalk content. However, the acceptable physical and mechanical properties of all the particleboards demonstrated that rapeseed stalk is a suitable raw material for particleboard manufacture.
The Granger Causality Tests for the Five ASEAN Countries ’ Stock Markets and Macroeconomic Variables During and Post the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis

This study seeks to examine the existence of Granger-causality among stock prices indices and macroeconomic variables in five ASEAN countries, Indonesia; Malaysia; the Philippines; Singapore; and Thailand with particular attention to the 1997 Asian financial crisis and period onwards. Using monthly time series data of the countries, a Granger-causality test based on the vector autoregressive (VAR) analytical framework was employed to empirically reveal the causality among the variables. This research finds that there were few Granger causalities found between the country’s wtock price index and macroeconomic variables. This indicates that the linkages between domestic stock price movements and macroeconomic factors were very. Due to that, the ASEAN stock markets were crelatively unable to efficiently capture changes in economic fundamentals during the observation period in most of the countries in accordance to the literature in emerging stock markets, and that the influence of specific macroeconomic factors on the domestic economies differ across countries. This also implies that the stock markets do not seem to have played a significant role in most countries’ economies, and macroeconomic variables are unlikely to be appropriate indicators to predict not only the future behaviour of other macroeconomic variables, but also that of the stock market price indices.
Single-step novel biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles: a potent and eco-friendly mosquitocides

Mosquito-borne diseases like malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, and Japanese encephalitis cause thousands of deaths per year. Mosquito control is to enhance the health and quality of life of county residents and visitors through the reduction of mosquito populations. Mosquito control is of serious concern in developing countries like India due to the lack of general awareness, development of resistance, and socioeconomic reasons. Insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. In view of the recently increased interest in developing plant origin insecticides as an alternative to chemical insecticide, In this research, we biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NP) using the Sida acuta leaf extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. The biosynthesis of Ag NP was confirmed analyzing the excitation of surface plasmon resonance using ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometry. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the clustered and irregular shapes of Ag NP. The presence of silver was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy investigated the identity of secondary metabolites, which may also act as Ag NP capping agents. The acute toxicity of S.acuta leaf extract and biosynthesized Ag NP was evaluated against larvae of Aedes aegypti , Anopheles stephensi , and Culex quinquefasciatus . Compared to the leaf aqueous extract, biosynthesized Ag NP showed higher toxicity against Ae. aegypti , An. stephensi , and Cx.quinquefasciatus with the LD 50 values of 35.12, 39.53 and 41.44 µg/mL, respectively. This result suggests that the leaf extract have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of vector mosquitoes.
Development of a Reduced Kinetic Mechanism for Ethanol based on DRG and Sensitivity Analysis.

Ethanol is a important fuel that can be produced with renewable energy resources. Based on a mechanism with 377 reactions and 56 species, we combine two methods for mechanism reduction, Directed Relation Graph (DRG) and Sensitivity Analysis, to develop a 34 reactions and 23 species reduced mechanism. DRG is a method that shows the coupling of species through a coefficient based on the reaction rate, while sensitivity analysis uses the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the sensitivity matrix to provide an absolute measure of significance for some species of the mechanism. The main advantage of the mechanism reduction is the decrease of computational cost needed to solve the chemical equations, of one order of magnitude for ethanol.
Extreme motion and response statistics for survival of the M4 wave energy converter

This paper presents linear analysis on extreme response statistics of the M4 wave energy converter in severe sea-states. A range of focussed wave groups were tested on a scaled M4 model without power take-oﬀ, which reveal the predominantly linear response structure in hinge angle and weakly nonlinear response for bending moment. There are complex and violent free-surface eﬀects on the M4 model during the excitation period driven by the main wave group, which generally reduce the overall motion response. After the main group has moved away from the M4 model, the decaying response in the free-vibration phase decays at a rate very close to that predicted by simple linear radiation damping. With an experimentally and numerically derived response amplitude operator (RAO), we perform an extreme response statistics analysis for the central hinge angle of the machine at Orkney using wave data from the NORA10 hindcast from 1958 − 2011. For storms with spectral peak wave periods longer than the machine RAO peak period, the machine response is controlled by the steepness of the sea-state rather than the wave height. Thus, the machine responds very similarly under the most extreme sea-states, providing an upper bound for the most probable maximum response. Four diﬀerent assumptions on the sea-state are investigated: unimodal frequency distribution (total sea) with both unidirectional and directional spreading, and bimodal frequency distribution (total sea split into wind sea and swell) with directional spreading in both the same and diﬀerent mean directions. There is a reduction in the extreme response of the machine when considering directionally spread waves compared to unidirectional. However, the reduction is only marginal when considering bimodal to unimodal frequency distribution with the
Limit theorems for the weights and the degrees in anN-interactions random graph model

Abstract A random graph evolution based on interactions of N vertices is studied. During the evolution both the preferential attachment rule and the uniform choice of vertices are allowed. The weight of an M-clique means the number of its interactions. The asymptotic behaviour of the weight of a fixed M-clique is studied. Asymptotic theorems for the weight and the degree of a fixed vertex are also presented. Moreover, the limits of the maximal weight and the maximal degree are described. The proofs are based on martingale methods.
The Demand For State And Local Government Employees

Excerpt] The primary purpose of this paper is to present empirical estimates of the wage elasticities of demand for different categories of state and local government employees. The employment demand equations that are estimated are derived from a utility maximization model of state and local government behavior. After presenting this model in the first section, we next briefly discuss the data used in the study. The structural system of demand equations is then estimated using pooled time-series and cross-section information, with annual individual state data as the units of observation. A number of alternative estimation methods are used in the analysis. Parameter estimates obtained from the model are utilized in the final section to simulate the disemployment effects of postulated future relative wage increases for individual classes of state and local government employees, as well as increases for all classes relative to the private sector.
NONLINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF PMMA/ZNO NANOCOMPOSITES

aSchool of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia bDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia cLaser and Optoelectronics Research Center, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq dDepartment of Physics, College of Science, University of Mosul, Iraq Article history Received 15 August 2015 Received in revised form 15 November 2015 Accepted 30 December 2015
Source contributions and potential reductions to health effects of particulate matter in India

Abstract. Health effects of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in India were estimated in this study based on a source-oriented version of the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Contributions of different sources to premature mortality and years of life lost (YLL) were quantified in 2015. Premature mortality due to cerebrovascular disease (CEVD) was the highest in India (0.44 million), followed by ischaemic heart disease (IHD, 0.40 million), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, 0.18 million), and lung cancer (LC, 0.01 million), with a total of 1.04 million deaths. The states with highest premature mortality were Uttar Pradesh (0.23 million), Bihar (0.12 million), and West Bengal (0.10 million). The highest total YLL was 2 years in Delhi, and the Indo-Gangetic plains and eastern India had higher YLL (∼1 years) than other regions. The residential sector was the largest contributor to PM2.5 concentrations (∼40 µg m−3), total premature mortality (0.58 million), and YLL (∼0.2 years). Other important sources included industry (∼20 µg m−3), agriculture (∼10 µg m−3), and energy (∼5 µg m−3) with their national averaged contributions of 0.21, 0.12, and 0.07 million to premature mortality, and 0.12, 0.1, and 0.05 years to YLL. Reducing PM2.5 concentrations would lead to a significant reduction of premature mortality and YLL. For example, premature mortality in Uttar Pradesh (including Delhi) due to PM2.5 exposures would be reduced by 79 % and YLL would be reduced by 83 % when reducing PM2.5 concentrations to 10 µg m−3.
Development of an object-oriented (nite element program: application to metal-forming and impact simulations

During the last 50 years, the development of better numerical methods and more powerful computers has been a major enterprise for the scienti(c community. In the same time, the (nite element method has become a widely used tool for researchers and engineers. Recent advances in computational software have made possible to solve more physical and complex problems such as coupled problems, nonlinearities, high strain and high-strain rate problems. In this (eld, an accurate analysis of large deformation inelastic problems occurring in metal-forming or impact simulations is extremely important as a consequence of high amount of plastic 7ow. In this presentation, the object-oriented implementation, using the C++ language, of an explicit (nite element code called DynELA is presented. The object-oriented programming (OOP) leads to better-structured codes for the (nite element method and facilitates the development, the maintainability and the expandability of such codes. The most signi(cant advantage of OOP is in the modeling of complex physical systems such as deformation processing where the overall complex problem is partitioned in individual sub-problems based on physical, mathematical or geometric reasoning. We (rst focus on the advantages of OOP for the development of scienti(c programs. Speci(c aspects of OOP, such as the inheritance mechanism, the operators overload procedure or the use of template classes are detailed. Then we present the approach used for the development of our (nite element code through the presentation of the kinematics, conservative and constitutive laws and their respective implementation in C++. Finally, the e>ciency and accuracy of our (nite element program are investigated using a number of benchmark tests relative to metal forming and impact simulations.
Ethnobotanical study of nedicinal plants in Ankober woreda, central Ethiopia

Medicinal plants’ diversity and associated indigenous knowledge in the Ankober district, central Ethiopia was studied from November, 2011 to May, 2012 using Ethnobotanical study approach. A total of 165 randomly selected informants aged 18 to 90 years were randomly selected from nine peasant associations (PAs) or kebeles. Of these, 34 were purposively selected as key informants. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, field observations and Focused Group Discussion (FGD). A total of 109 medicinal plant (MP) species from 56 families were described from the natural vegetation (60.55%) and home gardens (24%). Eighty three (76.15%) medicinal plant species were used only to cure human diseases. Asteraceae and Lamiaceae were the two families containing the most cited species. MPs with high informants’ consensus (HIC) were: Maesa lanceolata , Foniculum vulgare , Croton macrostachyus , Calotropis procera and Grewia ferruginea . Scabies, ring-worm and leishmaniasis were the top common diseases treated using the traditional use of medicinal plants. Knowledge of indigenous MP use significantly correlated increase with age. The existing common threats were identified by participatory approach. Awareness creation, motivating traditional healers to wisely use medicinal plants and availing their knowledge through proper negotiations are recommended. Key words : Amhara Region, Ethiopia, Ethnobotany, Ethnomedicine, Medicinal Plants
Putative protective effect of Cadmium chloride highdiluted solution on LLC-PK1 cell intoxicated by high concentration of this same metal: an isopathic in vitro assay.

Cadmium is an important toxic environmental heavy metal. Several studies have demonstrated that a major site of cadmium toxicity in humans and in other animals is the proximal tubule of the kidney. A well established model for nefrotoxicity is the use of in vitro technique with proximal tubule epithelial cell lines, as LLC-PK1. Herein, we have the intention to study the possible protective effect of highdiluted CdCl2 solutions. In a blinding way, LLC-PK1 cells were pre-treated with highdiluted cadmium chloride in the potencies 10 cH, 15 cH and 20cH. After 4 days, these cells have received CdCl2 in a pre-determined toxic concentration. The cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. We have identified a protective effect of two CdCl2 highdiluted solutions, 10 cH and 20 cH, when cells were intoxicated by sublethal CdCl2 concentration. The results indicate that probably the highdilutions have an expressive action on cells in sublethal intoxication.
Automated Natural Language Requirements Analysis using General Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE) Framework

Stakeholders exchange ideas and describe requirements of the system in natural language at the early stage of software development. These software requirements tend to be unclear, incomplete and inconsistent. However, better quality and low cost of system development are grounded on clear, complete and consistent requirements statements. Requirements boilerplate is an effective way to minimise the ambiguity from the natural language requirements. But manual conformance of natural language requirements with boilerplate is time consuming and difficult task. This paper aims to automate requirements analysis phase using language processing tool. We propose a natural language requirement analysis model. We also present an open source General Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE) framework for automatically checking of natural language requirements against boilerplates for conformance. The evaluation of proposed approach shows that GATE framework is only capable of detecting ambiguity in natural language requirements. We also present the rules to minimise ambiguity, incompleteness, and inconsistency.
Effects of Propolis on Selected Blood Indicators and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Broilers under Heat Stress

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP) and vitamin C on biochemical indicators and antioxidant enzyme activities of broilers exposed to heat stress (at 34 °C). The experimental groups were as follows: group I (positive control) and group II (control) were fed a basal diet, group III (vitamin C) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 250 mg vitamin C as ascorbic acid/kg, group IV (EEP-0.5) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.5 g EEP/kg, group V (EEP-1) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 1 g EEP/kg, group VI (EEP-3) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 3 g EEP/kg. Plasma superoxide dismutase levels of positive control, control, vitamin C, EEP-0.5, EEP-1 and EEP-3 groups were found as 0.34, 1.23, 0.50, 0.90, 0.30 and 0.41 μkat/ml, respectively (p < 0.01). Aspartate transaminase (except for EEP-0.5 and EEP-1 groups) and alkaline phosphatase in the control group were significantly higher than those of positive control, vitamin-C and EEP-3 groups. Malondialdehyde level in plasma, liver and muscle tissues of control group were found significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of positive control and EEP3 groups. Catalase activities of blood, liver, kidney and heart were the highest in the control group. Reduced glutathione activities of plasma and liver of all groups were not significantly different from each other, whereas those of muscle, kidney and heart were significantly higher in the control group. Significantly lower levels of glutathione peroxidase were found in blood, liver and kidney tissues of the control group (p < 0.05), whereas those of muscle and heart were similar in all groups. The results of the present study suggest that EEP and specially EEP at the supplemented dose of 3 mg/kg diet might be considered to prevent oxidative stress in the broilers exposed to heat stress. Propolis, antioxidant enzymes, blood, heat stress, broilers