Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Device Implications of the Electronic Effect in the Elastic Constants of Silicon

Absfroct-The effect of heavy doping on the elastic constants of silicon is well-established. The following device implications of this effect are discussed: ( l ) Contrast between heavily doped and lightly doped regions in acoustic microscopy; (2) change of velocity and temperature dependence of velocity of Rayleigh waves with doping; (3) existence of Love waves in the presence of a heavily doped surface layer; (4) interaction of surface waves with electrons controlled by a metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) structure; (5 ) determination of the carrier concentration from thermodynamic, rather than transport, properties.
Large Between-Center Differences in Outcome After Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in the International Mission on Prognosis and Clinical Trial Design in Traumatic Brain Injury (IMPACT) Study

BACKGROUND:Differences between centers in patient outcome after traumatic brain injury are of importance for multicenter studies and have seldom been studied. OBJECTIVE:To quantify the differences in centers enrolling patients in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and surveys. METHODS:We analyzed individual patient data from 9578 patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury enrolled in 10 RCTs and 3 observational studies. We used random-effects logistic regression models to estimate the between-center differences in unfavorable outcome (dead, vegetative state, or severe disability measured with the Glasgow Outcome Scale) at 6 months adjusted for differences in patient characteristics. We calculated the difference in odds of unfavorable outcome between the centers at the higher end vs those at the lower end of the outcome distribution. We analyzed the total database, Europe and the United States separately, and 4 larger RCTs. RESULTS:The 9578 patients were enrolled at 265 centers, and 4629 (48%) had an unfavorable outcome. After adjustment for patient characteristics, there was a 3.3-fold difference in the odds of unfavorable outcome between the centers at the lower end of the outcome distribution (2.5th percentile) vs those at the higher end of the outcome distribution (97.5th percentile; P < .001). In the 4 larger RCTs, the differences between centers were similar. However, differences were smaller between centers in the United States (2.4-fold) than between centers in Europe (3.8-fold). CONCLUSION:Outcome after traumatic brain injury differs substantially between centers, particularly in Europe. Further research is needed to study explanations for these differences to suggest where quality of care might be improved.
The Influence of Food Temperature on Postprandial Blood Pressure Reduction and Its Relation to Substance‐P in Healthy Elderly Subjects

Blood pressure (BP) in the elderly may decrease after a meal or oral glucose loading. The mechanism of this phenomenon is still unclear. In addition, the effect of the temperature of a meal on postprandial BP is unknown. However, it has been suggested that vasoactive gastrointestinal peptides are involved in the etiology of postprandial BP reduction. Therefore, we studied the effects of a cold and a warm glucose solution on BP, heart rate, plasma glucose, insulin, and substance‐P levels in 15 healthy elderly subjects with a mean age of 74 ± 3 (SD) years. With an interval of at least 2 days, a warm (50° C) and a cold (5° C) solution (75 g glucose/300 mL water) were given in random order. After the cold glucose loading mean arterial pressure increased by a maximum of 3.9 ± 1.3 mmHg (P < 0.01). In contrast, BP decreased after the warm solution by a maximum of 8.0 ± 1.1 mmHg (P < 0.001). Neither test had an influence on plasma substance‐P levels. Our data suggest that postprandial blood pressure reduction in the elderly is dependent on food temperature. Substance‐P does not seem to play a role in this phenomenon.
Place-bound or footloose? Application of GIS approach to the locational trajectory of ICT firms in metropolitan Shanghai

This article focuses on the evolutionary tendency and influencing factors of ICT firms' location in metropolitan areas. Based on the information of firms in 2002 and 2008, the study maps out the spatial change of firm location and reveals the clustering process of firms based on density analysis. By adopting spatial regression model, the study attempts to explain the underlying factors responsible for the spatial distribution of ICT firms in Shanghai. Comparing the spatial patterns of firm location between 2002 and 2008, it is found that the central city as a primary firm location is replaced with multiple industrial clusters in the outskirt of the city. During the process of this territorial dispersion, the choice of firm location and relocation is largely shaped by firm type and capital availability. The results from regression analysis indicate the factors responsible for the firm location include former distribution pattern, ICT policies and accessibility.
Nanoparticle self-assembly gated by logical proteolytic triggers.

The emergent electromagnetic properties of nanoparticle self-assemblies are being harnessed to build new medical and biochemical assays with unprecedented sensitivity. While current self-assembly assays have displayed superior sensitivity for single molecular targets, the development of systems with the capacity to process multiple inputs may more effectively decipher complex disease signatures such as cancer. Herein, we present the design and synthesis of nanoparticles that perform Boolean logic operations using two proteolytic inputs associated with unique aspects of tumorigenesis (MMP2 and MMP7). Using dynamic light scatting, fluorescence, and MRI, we show that logical AND and OR functions can control the self-assembly of disperse superparamagnetic nanoparticles and enable remote, NMR detection of nanoparticle computation. In the future, by increasing the complexity of assembly triggers, nanoparticles may be tailored to sense a diversity of disease inputs in vitro and potentially in vivo.
Evaluating Language Resources for English-Indonesian CLIR

We present a report on our participation in the Indonesian-English ad hoc bilingual task of the 2006 Cross-Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF). This year we compare the use of several language resources to translate Indonesian queries into English. We used several readable machine dictionaries to perform the translation. We also used two machine translation techniques to translate the Indonesian queries. In addition to translating an Indonesian query set into English, we also translated English documents into Indonesian using the machine readable dictionaries and a commercial machine translation tool. The results show performing the task by translating the queries is better than translating the documents. Combining several dictionaries produced better result than only using one dictionary. However, the query expansion that we applied to the translated queries using the dictionaries reduced the retrieval effectiveness of the queries.
Vaginal dilator therapy for women receiving pelvic radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND Many vaginal dilator therapy guidelines advocate routine vaginal dilation during and after pelvic radiotherapy to prevent stenosis (abnormal narrowing of the vagina). The UK Gynaecological Oncology Nurse Forum recommend dilation "three times weekly for an indefinite time period". The UK patient charity Cancer Backup advises using vaginal dilators from two to eight weeks after the end of radiotherapy treatment. Australian guidelines recommend dilation after brachytherapy "as soon as is comfortably possible" and "certainly within four weeks and to continue for three years or indefinitely if possible". However, dilation is intrusive, uses health resources and can be psychologically distressing. It has also caused rare but very serious damage to the rectum. OBJECTIVES To review the benefits and harms of vaginal dilation therapy associated with pelvic radiotherapy for cancer. SEARCH STRATEGY Searches included the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2008, Issue 4), MEDLINE (1950 to 2008), EMBASE (1980 to 2008) and CINAHL (1982 to 2008). SELECTION CRITERIA Any comparative randomised controlled trials (RCT) or data of any type which compared dilation or penetration of the vagina after pelvic radiotherapy treatment for cancer. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The review authors independently abstracted data and assessed risk of bias. We analysed the mean difference in sexual function scores and the risk ratio for non-compliance at six weeks and three months in single trial analyses. No trials met the inclusion criteria. MAIN RESULTS Dilation during or immediately after radiotherapy can, in rare cases, cause damage and there is no persuasive evidence from any study to demonstrate that it prevents stenosis. Data from one RCT showed no improvement in sexual scores in women who were encouraged to practice dilation. Two case series and one comparative study using historical controls suggest that dilation might be associated with a longer vaginal length but these data cannot reasonably be interpreted to show that dilation caused the change in the vagina. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Routine dilation during or soon after cancer treatment may be harmful. There is no reliable evidence to show that routine regular vaginal dilation during or after radiotherapy prevents the late effects of radiotherapy or improves quality of life. Gentle vaginal exploration might separate the vaginal walls before they can stick together and some women may benefit from dilation therapy once inflammation has settled but there are no good comparative supporting data.
COUNTERMEASURE SELECTION AND INTRUSION DETECTION USING NICE IN VIRTUAL NETWORK SYSTEMS

Now a days emerging research is carried out in cloud computing, interms of service providers or consumer.There are many security issues to be taken care in a cloud computing environment.Virtual Machines(VM) are susceptible to denial of service attack cloud user can set up susceptible program on their Virtual Machines which really leads to violation in cloud protection. To avoid susceptible Virtual Machines from being negotiate in the cloud, In this paper we project an IntrusionDetection and Countermeasure in virtual Network systems technique called NICE which is built on hacker graph base on analytical model with reconfigurable virtual network base countermeasures to avoid susceptible virtual machines from being compromise in the cloud.It detects and minimizes attacks in cloud server and is significantly reduces the danger of cloud system starting abused by inside and outside attackers. The planned solution progresses to attain detection in accuracy.
Design of single-phase grid-connected based on dual-mppt for photovoltaic generation systems

A new development of Dual-MPPT algorithm for single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic generation systems under variation of irradiance is presented in this research. This method is extract the maximum available power from PV module by making them operates at the most efficient output and fastest transient response. In order to accelerate the tracking speed, an incremental conductance based integral proportional (IP) controller and integrated with a new maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based on control region for operating the dc–dc converter is also proposed, which uses the reference voltage information from the tracking algorithm to shift the operation toward the maximum power point(MPP). For synchronizing to grid voltage is used a synchronization algorithm by using two phase locked loop (PLL) as a reference and feedback for the synchronization controller. Simulation and experiment results show that the Grid-Connected controller functions well in regulating the output voltage and current under variation of irradiance. The developed controller can regulate the output voltage and current in the same phase under irradiance variation from 1000 W/m to sudden irradiance of 600 W/m, and from 600 W/m to sudden irradiance of 1200 W/m. The tracking time with this controller is about one-sixth as compared to an incremental conductance. When the system connected to the grid at the time of 3.5s the output voltage experiences small drop before it is recovered to stable condition. It can be concluded that the developed control system works well satisfying the design specification. Keywords— grid-connected; dual-MPPT; integralproportional; phase locked loop; controller; synchronization
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Determine the Effect of Depth of Anesthesia on Emergence Agitation in Children

BACKGROUND:The cause of emergence agitation (EA) in children is unknown. Rapid emergence from inhaled anesthesia has been implicated because EA is more common with sevoflurane than with halothane. A dose-dependent effect of sevoflurane, which increases seizure-like electroencephalogram activity, has also been proposed. METHODS:To determine whether depth of anesthesia as measured by bispectral index (BIS) affects EA, 40 ASA physical status I to II children aged 2 to 8 years undergoing ophthalmic surgery were enrolled in a blinded randomized controlled trial of low-normal (40–45, deep) versus high-normal (55–60, light) anesthesia. To distinguish transient irritability from severe EA, the primary outcome was first-stage postanesthesia care unit (PACU I) peak Pediatric Assessment of Emergence Delirium (PAED) score, with secondary outcomes of PAED and Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability scores at emergence, postoperative fentanyl dose, emergence time, and discharge time. Subjects received a standard anesthesia protocol with oral midazolam followed by mask induction with sevoflurane 8%, fentanyl 1 to 1.5 &mgr;g/kg IV (then as needed), neuromuscular blockade, and endotracheal intubation. Providers titrated expired sevoflurane (in N2O 67%) from 0.5% to 3% to maintain BIS range. PAED, Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale, and Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability scores were measured at emergence, at PACU I arrival, and during PACU I stay. RESULTS:There was little difference between the groups in the primary outcome, peak PACU I PAED score (light: 7.7 ± 4.6; deep: 8.6 ± 5.3; mean difference, 0.9; 95% confidence interval, 4.1 to −2.3; effect size, 0.18). Discharge times were similar between groups. Treatment for severe EA was rare. CONCLUSIONS:There was no significant effect of BIS-guided deep versus light anesthesia on severe EA.
Efficacy of tremacamra, a soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, for experimental rhinovirus infection: a randomized clinical trial.

CONTEXT Attachment of most rhinovirus subtypes to cells depends on a cellular receptor, the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). A recombinant soluble ICAM-1 (tremacamra, formerly BIRR 4) has shown possible efficacy in early studies. OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy and safety of intranasal administration of tremacamra in experimental rhinovirus colds in humans. DESIGN Four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials conducted in January to March 1996. SETTING AND SUBJECTS Volunteers between the ages of 18 and 60 years who had an antibody titer of 1:4 or less to the challenge virus. Subjects were isolated in a hotel room during study days 0 to 8; symptoms were recorded through day 14. A total of 198 subjects were randomized, of whom 196 received drug or placebo and were included in the safety analysis. A total of 177 subjects were included in the efficacy analysis. INTERVENTIONS Tremacamra or placebo was given beginning 7 hours before inoculation with rhinovirus type 39 (preinoculation studies) or 12 hours after (postinoculation studies). Tremacamra as an inhaled solution or as a powder (each given preinoculation and postinoculation for a total of 4 studies) and placebo were given in 6 doses at 3-hour intervals daily during days 1 through 7. Recipients of active treatment received 367 microg of tremacamra per nostril per dose for a total of 4.4 mg/d. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Effect of tremacamra on infection, as determined by virus isolation and seroconversion, and on illness, as determined by symptom scores, clinical colds, and nasal mucus weights. Treatment-by-study interaction was not significant, so results were pooled for the main analysis. RESULTS A total of 88 (92%) of the 96 subjects in the placebo groups and 69 (85%) of the 81 subjects in the active treatment groups were infected (P=.19). For placebo vs tremacamra, respectively, the total symptom score (+/- 95% confidence interval [CI]) was 17.6 (+/- 2.7) vs 9.6 (+/- 2.9), the proportion of clinical colds was 64/96 (67% +/- 9%) vs 36/81 (44% +/- 11%), and the nasal mucus weight was 32.9 (+/- 8.8) g vs 14.5 (+/- 9.4) g (P<.001 for all comparisons). Tremacamra was not associated with adverse effects or evidence of absorption through the nasal mucosa and did not interfere with development of neutralizing antibody. CONCLUSION Tremacamra reduced the severity of experimental rhinovirus colds. Whether tremacamra will be useful clinically will require further study.
The social context of the relationship between glycemic control and depressive symptoms in type 2 diabetes

Objective Individuals with type 2 diabetes and depressive symptoms have poorer diabetes outcomes than those with diabetes alone, and there is need for improved understanding of the relationship between illness markers and depressive symptoms. The role of social support is well established; less is known about social comparisons (i.e. comparisons to others in the social environment), which are common and influential in chronic illness. The present study examined the mediating effects of social comparison and social support on the relationship between glycemic control and depressive symptoms. Method and outcome measures Participants with physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes (N = 185) completed an electronic survey about recent depressive symptoms, glycemic control (HbA1c), perceived social support, and social comparison. Results Controlling for relevant covariates, social comparison and social support showed independent statistical mediation of the relationship between glycemic control and depressive symptoms (ps < 0.05). Path analysis also showed that including indirect pathways through social comparison and social support reduced the relationship between glycemic control and depressive symptoms to nonsignificance (β = 0.10, p = 0.14). Conclusion These findings demonstrate that social comparison plays a role in the relationship between diabetes regulation and depression, independent of social support. Greater attention to this aspect of the social environment may render better diabetes outcomes.
The clinical outcomes of 234 spiral family implants.

AIM Spiral family implants (SFIs) are a new type of implant fixture with a conical internal helix and a variable thread design. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of a series of SFIs. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 234 SFIs were placed in 86 patients (55 females and 31 males, median age 53 years) during the period between May 2004 and November 2007. The mean follow-up was 13 months. Several host, surgery, and implant-related factors were investigated, and the Kaplan Meier algorithm and the Cox regression were used to detect variables associated with the clinical outcome. RESULTS Only nine out of 234 implants were lost (i.e., survival rate (SVR) of 96.2%) and no differences were detected among the studied variables. CONCLUSION SFIs have a high SVR similar to those reported in previous studies on different implant types. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE SFIs demonstrated a very high primary stability which offers the potential for use of a specific implant device for immediate loading. However, additional studies are necessary to verify their outcome on the medium/long period.
Quantitative color assessment of dermoscopy images using perceptible color regions

Dermoscopy is a non‐invasive in vivo skin imaging technique that assists dermatologists in diagnosing melanoma. However, the use of dermoscopy for diagnosis requires extensive training since this approach often provides extremely complex and subjective information. The presence of an imperceptible color difference in dermoscopy images is one of the serious problems associated with the use of this technique. This imperceptible color difference leads to inaccurate lesion extraction at the borders and hinders the assessment of lesion features. Therefore, objective and quantitative assessment based on perceptible color differences is important for the diagnosis of melanoma using dermoscopy.
A Genetic Algorithm based Approach for the Optimization of Multiple Sequence Alignment

Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is an elementary task of bioinformatics where the alignment of three or more biological sequences is produced in a way that helps to identify the homologous regions in the sequences. This research paper proposes a genetic algorithm-based optimization approach that can enhance the value of multiple sequence alignment (MSA) generated by the progressive technique. Mutation operators like gap insertion mutation and gap removal mutations are applied to enhance the value of the MSA obtained by the progressive technique of alignment.
A Simple Biased Distribution for Dinur's Construction

It is the powering construction which will be of interest to us. Essentially, the powering construction works by taking a constraint graph, and building a t-fold power graph, which collects all paths of length t emanating from a node. The proof (i.e. the labelling of the constraint graph) now must supply versions of labels of nodes collected at each composite node – of course, the constraints between the composite nodes have accordingly multiplied.
Effect of ischemia on energy metabolism in the gerbil cerebral cortex 1

UNLATERAL occlusion of the common carotid artery in the Mongolian gerbil (Mrrioiies uiiyuiculattts) produces a 40% incidence of structural damage that is chiefly confined to the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere (LEVINE & PAYAN, 1966). This susceptibility to simple ischemia presumably follows from the fact that gerbils, unlike other rodents, lack an anatomical circle of Willis, and only small vessels connect their vertebro-basilar and carotid vascular systems (LEVY 8~ BRIERLEY, 1974). Thus, the gerbil appears to offer advantages as a small animal model for metabolic studies of regional cerebral ischemia. However, neurochemical data on gerbils are presently lacking. In the present study. concentrations of phosphocreatine, ATP, ADP, AMP and lactate were determined in the cerebral cortex of normal gerbils and of animals rendered totally ischemic by decapitation. From the changes during ischemia, a cortical energy use rate (metabolic rate) was calculated according to LOWRY et al. (1964). SWAAB (1971) showed in rats that removing the skin over the calvarium facilitated freezing of the parietal cortex when the head was immersed in liquid nitrogen. Accordingly, we adopted this freezing technique and limited our sample to the outer 10-1.5 mm of parietal cortex.
Studies of Hot-Electron Degradation in GaN HEMTs with Varying Gate Recess Depths

Hot-electron injection experiments were performed on Al0.2 GaN0.8/GaN HEMTs with different gate recess depths formed by reactive ion etching. Flicker noise measured from the devices indicate systematic increase in Sv(f) for devices with increasing recess depths. Furthermore, when the devices were subjected to high dc voltage stress across the conduction channel, the devices with large gate recess were found to exhibit much more significant increase in Sv(f) compared to the control device with no gate recess. Since Sv(f) is directly proportional to the trap density at the AlGaN/GaN heterointerface, the experimental data clearly show that the reactive ion etching process has led to significant degradation in the integrity of the device