Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diffusion measurements with the pulsed gradient nonlinear spin echo method

Spin echo signal attenuation by diffusion is examined for coherence evolution in the course of ordinary pulsed gradient spin echoes and for nonlinear evolution in the presence of a spatially modulated demagnetizing field. It is shown, that, for given field gradient pulse widths (or equivalently for a given gradient strength), echo attenuation by diffusion is much more efficient for nonlinear echoes than for Hahn echoes. Remarkably, in the case of nonlinear echoes the refocusing process is spoiled by diffusion not only during the gradient intervals but also thereafter. The effect of displacements occurring in the gradient intervals is enhanced according to the order of the nonlinear echo the pulse sequence is adjusted for. A second attenuation mechanism takes place after the gradient pulses due to displacements in the presence of the spatially modulated demagnetizing field. This effect even occurs when the gradient intervals are too short to contribute. A complete formalism is presented describing all feat.
Development and in-vitro evaluation of pulsatile drug delivery of Ivabradine

Pulsatile drug delivery system delivers the drug in defined pulses. Ivabradine used in angina pectoris and chronic heart failure would be beneficial if given in appropriate pulses. In the present study pulsincap of Ivabradine that releases two pulses, the first dose is immediate and second dose after a lag period was developed. FTIR studies showed that there was no interaction Be tween the drug and excipients. An Anal tical Methods by HPLC was developed. Fast releasing Ivabradine granules were prepare us ing three superdisintegrants in different concentrations. Granules of the formulation (F4) containing crospovidone (1%) was selecte base on the in-vitro Drug release. To obtint a lag periode of Eight hors, nine formulations of hydrogel plugs using Polymer HPMC K15, HPMC Phthalate and HPMC Phthalate HP55S in different concentrations were tried. After filling the dosage of granules, a hydrogel plug was fixed to the mouth of the formaldehyde-treated capsule body, and the untreated cap was fitted to the body. For the developed capsule plug formulations in vitro drug release were evaluated in 1.2 pH (2 h), 6.8 pH (5 h), and 7.4 pH (2h) buffer solutions. The optimized plug formulation containing HPMC Phthalate HP55S (70%) was found to retard the drug release for a period of 8 hours. Thus, the study indicates that the optimized pulsincap was releasing the first dose immediately and also effectively providing a predetermined lag period for the second dose. However, further in-vivo studies for optimized Ivabradine pulsincap is required to ensure its safety and efficace.
Hierarchic structure of shish-kebab by neutron scattering in a wide Q range

We performed small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering (SANS and SAXS) measurements on an elongated blend of low molecular weight deuterated polyethylene (PE) and high molecular weight hydrogenated one (97.2/2.8) in a very wide range of scattering vector of 1 × 10-4−3 A-1 to elucidate hierarchic structure of the so-called shish-kebab. Comparing the SANS and SAXS data, we found that the hydrogenated high molecular weight PE formed a large and long object aligned along the elongation direction. The SANS data were analyzed in terms of the multicore−shell cylinder model, and we found that the long oriented structure had radius of ∼1 μm and length of ∼12 μm and included about three extended chain crystals with radius of ∼45 A. We believe that this oriented long object with a relatively low aspect ratio of about 12:1, which is called the row structure in this paper, is a precursor formed from deformation of network of high molecular weight components due to entanglements.
Sub-acute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows: Its causes, consequences and preventive measures

Current feeding programs for cattle prescribe concentrate rich diets to meet their ever increasing demands for high levels of milk production. These diets, however, can impair rumen health and thus cattle production, milk yield and welfare. High energy diets are rapidly fermented in the rumen because they are high in fermentable starch, low in NDF and contain finely chopped digestible forages. Feeding rapidly fermentable diet to the cows predominantly adapted to digest and metabolize forage based total mixed ration (TMR) substantially increases short term milk yield, but the risk of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) increases. Additionally, too high concentrate to forage ratio, too fast a switch from high forage to high concentrate, diet composed of highly fermented feeds, improperly mixed TMR and mycotoxins in feed also increases the incidence of SARA in dairy herds. SARA causes depressed feed intake, cycling feeding, reduced cud chewing, poor fibre digestion, rumenitis, mastitis, metritis, dehydration, diarrhoea, abomasal displacement, pulmonary bacterial emboli, systemic inflammation, liver abscesses, low milk fat, low milk protein, sore hooves, laminitis and low fertility. Therefore, SARA is a major challenge for animal health, productivity, economic efficiency and welfare issue even in well managed dairy herds. Feeding higher amounts of forages, supplying adequate peNDF, processing grains less thoroughly, reducing fermentability of the carbohydrate fraction and adapting rumen to the dietary changes are the key factors to be considered for preventing SARA. Continued research for accurate quantification of peNDF in diet, grain processing, optimization of meal size, dietary cation-anion balance, narrowspectrum rumen modifier, inoculation of lactate utilizing microbes, inhibition of lactate producing microbes and innovation of the unique fermentability characteristics of feed ingredients to promote sufficient buffering and rapid absorption of VFA from rumen will explore new horizon for reducing incidence of SARA in future.
Deposition of self-polarized PZT films by planar multi-target sputtering

Abstract A planar multi target sputtering approach was used to deposit self polarized PZT films on TiO2/Pt bottom electrodes for the use in thin film pyroelectric IR detector arrays. By using elevated substrate temperatures of about 450°C “in situ” growth of tetragonal PZT could be achieved. The films exhibited pyroelectric currents without poling. The pyroelectric coefficient was 2×10−4 C/m2K, the dielectric constant was 300 and dielectric loss tan δ was 0.01. The self polarization disappears after heating the sample to 600°C. Stresses were studied in the thin film processing for the bottom electrode and the PZT film. The TiO2/Pt electrode is under high tensile stress of 900 MPa after preparation. PZT has a small compressive stress of -60 MPa, the whole TiO2/Pt/PZT stack has a tensile stress of +80 MPa. This low stress level together with the self polarization and the good electrical properties makes the films suitable for the use in pyroelectric detector arrays.
Integrated Raman and angular scattering of single biological cells

Raman, or inelastic, scattering and angle-resolved elastic scattering are two optical processes that have found wide use in the study of biological systems. Raman scattering quantitatively reports on the chemical composition of a sample by probing molecular vibrations, while elastic scattering reports on the morphology of a sample by detecting structure-induced coherent interference between incident and scattered light. We present the construction of a multimodal microscope platform capable of gathering both elastically and inelastically scattered light from a 38 μm region in both epiand trans-illumination geometries. Simultaneous monitoring of elastic and inelastic scattering from a microscopic region allows noninvasive characterization of a living sample without the need for exogenous dyes or labels. A sample is illuminated either from above or below with a focused 785 nm TEM00 mode laser beam, with elastic and inelastic scattering collected by two separate measurement arms. The measurements may be made either simultaneously, if identical illumination geometries are used, or sequentially, if the two modalities utilize opposing illumination paths. In the inelastic arm, Stokesshifted light is dispersed by a spectrograph onto a CCD array. In the elastic
Biofilm concentration of chromium

Abstract Removal of chromium from synthetic waste streams was studied using biofilms that developed on disks of a laboratory scale Rotating Biodisk Contactor (RBC). During its development the biofilm was continuously exposed to various concentrations of potassium dichromate. Chromium removal efficiency was about 98% during steady state addition of chromium (VI) at concentrations of 100 or 200 mg l‐1. Analysis of the major soluble chromium ions demonstrated that chromium (VI) was first reduced to chromium (III) which then appeared to be adsorbed by the biofilm. Chromium levels associated with the biofilm were found (by chemical analysis) to be 6.5–7.0% of its dried weight.
Rheological and Particle Size Changes in Corn Oil-In Water Emulsions Stabilized by 7S Soybean Proteins

The viscoelastic properties and mean drop size (Om) of corn oil-in-water emulsions stabllized by 0.5-1.5% (wt/wt) 7S soybean proteins have been examined at various pH•s . Changes 1n these parameters when the ernul sions were stored at 4-5 °C were measured also. Viscoelasticity ~arameters were derived from time-dependent strain behaviour at a constant low shear stress of 41 . 7 dyne cm2. Although each emulsion showed a continuous increase in D during storage, due to drOIJ coalescence, 1l"s instantaneous elastic modu l us (G) rose initially over several days to an op£imum value and then subsequently decreased, The trends in D and G , which indicat~d that the dominant proce$0! duriRg early storage was drop flocculation and drop coalescence at lonyer times, were used to deduce the structure of the flocculated drOIJ networks. Initial paper rece ived July 5 1985 Manuscrip t received November 1
Automatic stress detection evaluating models of facial action units

Emotional stress detection can be performed analyzing different facial parameters. This paper focuses on the automated identification of facial Action Units (AU) as quantitative indices in order to discriminate between neutral and stress/anxiety state. Thus, a model for automatic recognition of facial action units is proposed being trained in two available annotated facial datasets, the UNBC and the BOSPHORUS datasets. Facial features, both geometric (non-rigid deformations of 3D shape of AAM landmarks) and appearance (Histograms of Oriented Gradients) were extracted. The intensity of each AU was regressed using Support Vector Regression (SVR). The corresponding models of each dataset were fused to a combined model. This combined model was applied to the experimental dataset (SRD’15) containing neutral states and inducing stressful states related to four types of stress. The results indicate that there are specific AU relevant to stress and the AU intensity are significant increased during stress leading to a more expressive human face.
Technology-Infused Career and Life Planning Education

: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how commonly available technological devices can be used to promote the development of career and life planning education practices. The use of technology to enhance career decision making processes has long been documented in career counseling literature; with the advent of the fourth industrial revolution, the use of technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become increasingly prominent. However, the use of advanced technology is costly, so it is argued here that it is entirely feasible for career guidance teachers to use existing technology in sustainable and economical ways for the purpose of organizing and disseminating career information. This paper illustrates how, even within a limited financial budget and with staff untrained in technology, schools, colleges, and universities can utilize affordable technology to enhance students’ career path exploration.
The anaerobic biodegradability and methanogenic toxicity of pulping wastewaters.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of various pulping conditions and different lignocellulosic feedstocks on the anaerobic treatability of pulping wastewaters. Wastewaters were prepared from lignocellulosic feedstocks commonly used in the forest industry, namely, pine, spruce and birch wood, and wheat straw. The pulping conditions used were representative of those applied in TMP and soda pulping processes. The anaerobic biodegradability and the methanogenic toxicity of the various wastewaters were evaluated in standardized batch bioassays using anaerobic granular sludge. The acidification of the TMP wastewaters (conversion to CH4 and VFA) ranged from 68 to 87% of the total COD, indicating their high anaerobic biodegradability. TMP wastewaters were non-toxic to methane bacteria at concentrations expected in paper mill wastewaters. No inhibition was observed at 10 g COD/l. In contrast, wastewaters prepared in alkaline conditions were poorly biodegradable (approx. 50% acidification) and they caused severe inhibition of the methanogenic activity. The 50% inhibitory concentrations ranged from 2.1 to 5.4 g COD/l. Additional experiments showed that wood resin components, poorly solubilized at acidic to neutral pH, but easily extractable in alkali, are responsible for most of the methanogenic toxicity observed in alkaline pulping wastewaters. These results indicated that contact of wood with alkali contributes significantly to increase the methanogenic toxicity of the pulping wastewater.
Upper tropospheric SO2 conversion into sulfuric acid aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei

We have investigated the potential of upper tropospheric cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) formation from sulfur dioxide. This process involves three steps including SO2 conversion to gaseous sulfuric acid (GSA), homogeneous bimolecular nucleation of GSA and water vapor leading to new aerosol particles, and new aerosol particle growth via mutual coagulation and GSA-H2O condensation. Our investigation includes both measurements of SO2 and GSA as well as model calculations of SO2 conversion to new aerosol particles in the presence of preexisting aerosols which act as a competing sink for GSA. The model reproduces the measured abundance ratio GSA-SO2 reasonably well. Furthermore, the model predicts that efficient upper tropospheric CCN formation from SO2 may, in fact, occur under certain plausible conditions. These conditions are explored utilizing the factor FCCN, defined as a ratio of the source and sink terms of gaseous sulfuric acid. In particular, a threshold FCCN value for efficient CCN formation is calculated with the model.
Zur Streuung mittelschneller Elektronen in kleinste Winkel

Zwischen der Streuung von Elektronen und Röntgenstrahlen an Atomen besteht bekanntlich eine enge Verwandtschaft: In die Berechnung der elastischen (kohärenten) Streuung geht derselbe Streufaktor ƒ, in die der unelastischen (inkohärenten) dieselbe Streufunktion S ein. Für die Röntgenstreuung hat sich die Berechnung von ƒ auf S aus dem Thomas-Fermi-Modell in den meisten Fällen als ausreichend erwiesen. Daß das Thomas-Fermi-Modell für kleine Streuwinkel die Werte von ƒ und S nicht ganz richtig wiedergibt, führt nämlich nur zu relativ geringen Fehlern für den Röntgenstreuquerschnitt. Völlig anders liegen in dieser Beziehung aber die Verhältnisse bei der Elektronenstreuung. Da der differentielle Streuquerschnitt für Elektronenstreuung im Gegensatz zur Röntgenstreuung den Faktor [4 π λ-1 sin (ϑ/2)]-4 enthält, kommt es hier entscheidend auf die genaue Kenntnis von ƒ und S für kleine Streuwinkel ϑ an. Wegen des schnellen Abfallens des differentiellen Elektronen-Streuquerschnitts mit wachsendem Streuwinkel ist dagegen hier die genaue Kenntnis von ƒ und S für größere Streuwinkel weniger wichtig. Da bei der Berechnung des Streuquerschnitts aus der Elektronendichteverteilung im Atom das Verhalten von ƒ und S für kleine Streuwinkel vor allem vom Verhalten der Dichteverteilung der Atomelektronen für große Kernabstände bestimmt wird, ist bei der Elektronenstreuung das Wentzelsche Atommodell, dessen Dichteverteilung für große Kernabstände exponentiell abfällt, dem nach Thomas-Fermi vorzuziehen. Der Wentzelsche Atomradius ist dabei so zu wählen, daß das Verhalten von ƒ und S für kleine Streuwinkel richtig wiedergegeben wird. Die so gewonnenen Formeln für Einfachstreuung werden zur Berechnung der Gesamtquerschnitte, der Aufhellungsdicken und vor allem der Mehrfachstreuung nach dem Verfahren von Bothe und Molière benutzt und für Kohlenstoff, Chrom und Gold numerisch ausgewertet. Die theoretischen Streuverteilungen werden mit Experimenten von Bibermanu. Mitarbb. einerseits und von Leisegang andererseits verglichen. Die Diskrepanzen zwischen den Meßergebnissen von Biberman und der auf dem Thomas-Fermi-Modell beruhenden alten Theorie werden erklärt. Die Übereinstimmung mit unseren theoretischen Kurven ist bedeutend besser. Bezüglich der Meßergebnisse von Leisegang bedeutet unsere Theorie keinen wesentlichen Fortschritt, da Leisegang mit einem um zwei Zehnerpotenzen breiteren Primärstrahl arbeitet als Biberman u. Mitarbb. , so daß das von uns besonders untersuchte Verhalten für kleinste Winkel im Primärstrahl untergeht. Die Streuverteilung in kleinste Winkel ist wichtig für die elektronenoptische Abbildung, da jede Berechnung der Intensitätsverteilung eines Bildpunktes im Endbild die Kenntnis der Streuverteilung des entsprechenden Objektpunktes zur Voraussetzung hat.
Electronic Structure Calculations of Ammonia Adsorption in H-ZSM-5 Zeolites

The structural and electronic properties of acid sites in zeolites are important in determining their catalytic behavior. Kohn-Sham density functional theory calculations are used to probe the local environment of the acid site in realistic zeolite clusters and to study its interaction with ammonia. The long-range electrostatic effects on the adsorption are incorporated self-consistently in the electronic structure calculations. We examine their effect on the acidity of the cluster and on both the structure and the energetics of adsorption. Systematic structural relaxations of the aluminum-substituted framework show that there are significant structural rearrangements from the entirely siliceous cluster, in the vicinity of the substitution site. In the case of ammonia adsorption, the energetics of adsorption are sensitive to the structural arrangement of the ammonia. Configurations where the adsorbed molecule interacts with three lattice bridging oxygen molecules are favored. The theoretical predictions are compared to recent solid state NMR and microcalorimetry experiments. 57 refs., 10 figs., 8 tabs.
Rapid Modified Eriochrome Cyanine R Method for Determination of Aluminum in Water

quently became "official" in the twelfth edition of Standard Methods . Since that article was written, several things have become apparent. First, there is increasing evidence that very small amounts of aluminum in water entering the distribution system can be objectionable.2 Second, the present standard "aluminon" method is too complicated and time consuming for use in the average water control laboratory. Finally, whatever laboratory method is used, the results of the tests will vary depending upon the way the sample is collected and processed before the determination is made. There are many conflicting statements in the literature about the least amount of aluminum that should be found in filtered water previously coagulated with aluminum sulfate. Baylis 8 concluded, from tests he made in 1921, that minimum solubility of alum floe occurs between pH values of 5.5 and 7. A plot of some of his data indicates a minimum aluminum concentration of 0.26 mg/1. At about the same time, Buswell et al . 4 published some results that included an analysis of the aluminum concentration in the effluents from various, well-operated, water treatment plants. With few exceptions, they found the concentrations to be less than 2 mg/1 between pH values of 6 and 8. Cox5 wrote that "Aluminum hydroxide, however, is soluble to the extent of about 0.3 ppm even under the most favorable condi-
Optimization of a methylation procedure to obtain chloroform-soluble humic acids

Abstract It will be important in future analyses of humic acids (HAs) by various chromatographic and spectrometric methods to obtain high yields of methylated HAs. A derivatization procedure for permethylation of HAs was evaluated in relation to the yield of the chloroform-soluble fraction. The procedure involved a 3 h incubation of HAs (50 mg) with methylsulfinyl carbanion (MSC) obtained by mixing petroleum-purified NaH with anhydrous dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), followed by incubation with methyl iodide (CH3I). Ten HAs isolated from different Japanese and American soils (three Andisols, four Inceptisols, one Histosol, one Alfisol, and one Ultisol) were used to optimize this procedure. Optimum derivatization was achieved within the first 6 h after the addition of MSC and CH3I; further incubation (up to 24 h) did not result in significant changes in the yield of the chloroform-soluble fraction (60–100%). For most HAs, the maximal yields of chloroform-soluble fractions were obtained at concentrations of 10 mM for MSC and 13 mM for CH3I.
Ceric‐induced grafting of ethyl‐acrylate onto sodium alginate

Sodium alginate was graft-copolymerized with ethyl acrylate using ceric ammonium nitrate as an initiator. In order to optimize the conditions for grafting, the concentrations of nitric acid, initiator and monomer together with temperature, time and amount of substrate were varied. The kinetic scheme of free radical graft copolymerization has been proposed and the equations relating the values of rate of polymerization, rate of graft copolymerization and rate of homopolymerization are also suggested. The experimental results agree very well with the proposed kinetic scheme. Ethylacrylat wurde in Gegenwart von Cerammoniumnitrat als Initiator auf Natriumalginat gepfropft. Die Konzentrationen von Salpetersaure, Initiator und Monomerem sowie Reaktionszeit und -temperatur und die Substratmenge wurden zur Ermittlung der gunstigsten Pfropfbedingungen variiert. Ein kinetisches Modell der radikalischen Pfropfcopolymerisation und Gleichungen fuur die Beschreibung der Geschwindigkeiten der Homopolymerisation, der Copolymerisation und der Gesamtpolymerisation werden vorgeschlagen. Die experimentellen Daten stimmen sehr gut mit dem vorgeschlagenen kinetischen Modell uberein.
Untersuchungen über Graphitoxyd

Aus der Ubereinstimmung der aus den Rontgendaten berechneten und unter Xylol bestimmten spezifischen Gewichte folgt, das bei getrockneten Graphitoxydpraparaten alle Bestandteile betrachtlicher Menge, die in der Analyse gefunden werden, mit Ausnahme der Asche vom Elementarkorper umschlossen werden.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Distinction of Benzonaphthonaphthyridine and Its Isomer

Abstract Distinction of benzo[h]naphtho[1,2-b][1,6]naphthyridine and its isomeric benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-h][1,6]naphthyridine is well explained on the basis of various spectroscopic techniques. Initially these isomers were prepared from their respective chloroquinolines via anilinoquinolines as potential intermediates. Spectroscopic dissimilarities of their precursors and intermediates have also been considered and compared with the final benzonaphthonaphthyridine isomers. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT