Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crop Utilization of Nitrogen in Swine Lagoon Sludge

Swine lagoon sludge is commonly applied to soil as a source of nitrogen (N) for crop production but the fate of applied N not recovered from the soil by the receiver crop has received little attention. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the yield and N accumulation responses of corn (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) to different levels of N applied as swine lagoon sludge, (2) quantify recovery of residual N accumulation by the second and third crops after sludge application, and (3) evaluate the effect of different sludge N rates on nitrate (NO3-N) concentrations in the soil. Sludge N trials were conducted with wheat on two swine farms and with corn on one swine farm in the coastal plain of North Carolina. Agronomic optimum N rates for wheat grown at two locations was 360 kg total sludge N ha−1 and the optimum N rate for corn at one location was 327 kg total sludge N ha−1. Residual N recovered by subsequent wheat and corn crops following the corn crop that received lagoon sludge was 3 and 12 kg N ha−1, respectively, on a whole-plant basis and 2 and 10 kg N ha−1, respectively, on a grain basis at the agronomic optimum N rate for corn (327 kg sludge N ha−1). From the 327 kg ha−1 of sludge N applied to corn, 249 kg N ha−1 were not recovered after harvest of three crops for grain. Accumulation in recalcitrant soil organic N pools, ammonia (NH3) volatilization during sludge application, return of N in stover/straw to the soil, and leaching of NO3 from the root zone probably account for much of the nonutilized N. At the agronomic sludge N rate for corn (327 kg N ha−1), downward movement of NO3-N through the soil was similar to that for the 168 kg N ha−1 urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) treatment. Thus, potential N pollution of groundwater by land application of lagoon sludge would not exceed that caused by UAN application.
Syndiotactic Polyallyltrimethylsilane-Based Stereoregular Diblock Copolymers: Syntheses and Self-Assembled Nanostructures

Structurally well-defined stereoregular diblock copolymers composed of syndiotactic polyallyltrimethylsilane (sPATMS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were prepared by using an α-bromoester-terminated sPATMS macroinitiator, which was chain extended by MMA using a cuprous halide-based atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) system. The α-bromoester-terminated sPATMS macroinitiator was prepared via the esterfication of hydroxyl-capped sPATMS with α-bromoisobutyryl bromide. The hydroxyl-capped sPATMS was generated via a selective chain transfer reaction to triethylaluminum (TEA) during the syndiospecific polymerization of allyltrimethylsilane (ATMS) conducted in the presence of syndiospecific ansa-metallocene catalysts. The proposed synthetic route not only offers the high-yield production of stereoregular sPATMS-b-PMMA but also provides the linking of the stereoregular block (sPATMS) with PMMA through a controlled/living radical polymerization process. Moreover, the proposed method offers effective .
finned Squid ( I / lex illecebrosus )

Intramantle pressure transducers allowed the monitoring of respiration and swimming performance of cannulated and freeswimming squid (II/ex illecebrosus). Jet pressure and oxygen consumption of individual squid were measured simultaneously in a tunnel respirometer at various swimming speeds. The rate of oxygen consumption increased logarithmically with swimming speed up to critical speeds of 70-90 cm/sec (about two body lengths per second). Oxygen consumption values for a400 g squid at 15° C were the highest that have been recorded for marine poikilotherms at this size and temperature: 313 ml/kg/hr for standard metabolism and 1 ,047 ml/kg/hr for active metabolism at maximum speed. A 40-cm squid (total length) uses about six times more energy per unit distance than a sockeye salmon of similar length at 15° C. The rate of oxygen consumption increased linearly with average jet pressure generated in the mantle cavity and the relationship was highly correlated for speeds of 0.15-0.80cm/sec. The results from telemetric monitoring of jet pressure generated by a free-swimming squid in a 15-m pool and the oxygen-pressure relationship show great promise for studying the activity and bioenergetics of squid in nature.
Single nanoparticle of organic p-type and n-type hybrid materials

We fabricated hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) of p-type poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and n-type fullerene derivative {[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)} materials through a mini-emulsion method. The nanoscale photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of the non-annealed and annealed hybrid single NPs with different concentrations of P3HT and PCBM were investigated using a laser confocal microscope (LCM) with high spatial resolution. The luminescence characteristics corresponding to the P3HT and PCBM materials were observed simultaneously in the LCM PL spectra for P3HT/PCBM hybrid NP after the annealing process. We propose that the annealing process for the hybrid NPs assisted the ordering of P3HT main chains and the formation of PCBM domains through the gathering of the molecules, indicating nanoscale phase separation. This was supported by UV-Vis absorption and Raman spectroscopy results. Conducting atomic force microscope experiments on an annealed hybrid single NP allowed for the measurement of the characteristic photoresponsive current–voltage curves, and monochromatic photovoltaic characteristics and the avalanche photodiode effect were observed in the low- and high-bias regions, respectively.
Study on the Cure Kinetics and Technology of Epoxy Vinyl Ester Resin

The curing reaction of Epoxy Vinyl Ester Resin was studied by using of DSC.Effects of rate of temperature increasing on the characteristics of DSC curves were investigated.The curing reaction equation of the Epoxy Vinyl Ester Resin was ascertained.Gelling temperature,curing temperature and post-treating temperature were obtained by extrapolating T—βcurves. Based on the theoretical curing temperature,optimum cure processing parameters were attained by means of experiments.
In situ Investigations of Carbonate Nucleation on Mineral and Organic Surfaces

Nucleation is the seminal event in formation of new mineral phases. The subject has a long history, finding its modern roots in the work of Gibbs in the late 1800’s (Gibbs 1876, 1878) and continuing through the efforts of Stransky and others in the mid-20th century (Gutzow 1997). What emerged has come to be known as classical nucleation theory (CNT). Within this model, mineral nucleation comes about through ion-by-ion addition to a growing cluster (Fig. 1A), whose origin lies in the inherent thermodynamic fluctuations of the solution. In recent years, this well-accepted theory has been called into question by an increasing number of studies, both experimental and theoretical, reporting so-called “non-classical” pathways of nucleation involving aggregation of clusters or nanoparticles that exist in equilibrium with the free ions (Fig. 1B). Moreover, such studies often report the nuclei consist of an amorphous precursor, which transforms to the more stable crystalline products only after nucleation has long ended. Presumably, if these cluster-based and multi-stage processes dominate, it is because they offer a lower barrier pathway to nucleation than does the pathway through ion-by-ion addition. Based on the many years of surface science research since the development of CNT, we now know that energy landscapes are unlikely to be flat; i.e., the free energy of a cluster of ions should depend on its size and/or configuration, and composition, including that of the solvent. The resulting peaks and valleys in the energy landscape will naturally create cluster populations, which could give rise to unexpected pathways. In the context of a geological reservoir, consideration of mineral surfaces, organic films, and pores is crucial, because both substrates and pores can reduce the classical barrier to nucleation and, hence, may play a large role in modifying energy landscapes, re-directing pathways, and determining nucleation rates. The …
The Effective Tax Burden of Companies and of Highly Skilled Manpower: Tax Policy Strategies in a Globalised Economy*

Company taxes and taxes on highly skilled labour both influence the attractiveness of a particular region as a location for investment. We measure the effective tax burden on capital investment and on highly qualified labour in 33 locations across Europe and the United States. We then correlate both types of tax burden in order to study the different tax policy strategies applied in different countries. We identify three causes for different strategies: political institutions, preferences for redistribution and equality, and the position in globalisation and growth. Small countries, high growth rates, and federal structure with high tax autonomy stand for countries with lower tax burdens, especially on companies. Large countries, representative democracies with coalitions, and a high preference for redistribution are likely to induce higher tax burdens.
Contamination of modern carbon in sample preparation for measurement of carbon-14 by accelerator MS

加速器質量分析法は,超微量の炭素-14の分析法として,考古学,地球化学の分野で広く用いられるようになってきた. その試料作製法に関しては,数種の方法がある. 現在,東京大学のタンデム加速器を使用する場合には,有機物をそのまま炭化させる方法で六万七千年まで年代測定が可能である. しかし,二酸化炭素をアモルファス(非晶質)炭素に還元する方法では,“現代炭素”の混入のため三万年前後の測定しかできない. 本研究では後者の方法に関して,試料作製過程で用いる還元剤のマグネシウム中の炭素を分析し,更に,有機溶媒などからの“現代炭素”の混入についても検討した. これらの結果に基づき,グリースレスの試料処理用真空ラインを製作し,炭素含有量の少ない高純度マグネシウムを用いることによって四万六千年までの測定が可能になった.
Versão brasileira do Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire

The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties and validate the Portuguese version of the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ-Brazil). This instrument assesses how beliefs and fear of individuals with lower back pain affect two subscales related to their physical activities (FABQ-Phys) and work (FABQ-Work). The questionnaire was translated into Brazilian Portuguese, following the recommended methodology, and applied to 53 individuals with non-specific chronic lower back pain. The test-retest intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC = 0.84 and 0.91) and the internal consistency (Cronbach's = 0.80 and 0.90) for FABQ-Phys and FABQ-Work, respectively, were acceptable. The stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed statistically significant correlations between all isolated items with their respective subscales, and the set of the items explained 99% of the changes in scores for each subscale. No significant correlations were found between the subscales; however, both the FABQ-Phys and FABQ-Work subscales were positively associated with pain intensity (visual numerical scale) and degree of disability (Roland Morris Questionnaire). These findings supported the evidence that the FABQ-Brazil showed adequate psychometric properties for individuals with chronic lower back pain.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.).

An experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2007-08 on sandy loam soil at Agriculture college, V.C. farm, Mandya, Karnataka to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). The study comprised of twelve treatments consisting of four different organic sources of nutrients combined with 50, 75 and 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer. The results revealed that combined application of recommended dose of NPK (150:75:40 kg/ha) + FYM 10 t/ha recorded higher plant height (213.6 cm), total dry matter production (368.5 g/plant), number of grains per cob (458.5), grain weight per cob (166.9 g), test weight (38.9 g) and grain yield (65.9 q/ha). Lowest plant height (171.6 cm), total dry matter production (250.4 g/plant), number of grains per cob (290.8), grain weight per cob (127.7 g), test weight (27.7 g) and grain yield (47.3 q/ha) were noticed in the treatment receiving 100 per cent recommended dose of NPK through chemical fertilizer (150:75:40 kg/ha).
Bayesian/Graphoid intersection property for factorisation spaces

We remark that Pearl's Graphoid intersection property, also called intersection property in Bayesian networks, is a particular case of a general intersection property, in the sense of intersection of coverings, for factorisation spaces, also coined as factorisation models, factor graphs or by Lauritzen in his reference book 'Graphical Models' as hierarchical model subspaces. A particular case of this intersection property appears in Lauritzen's book as a consequence of the decomposition into interaction subspaces; the novel proof that we give of this result allows us to extend it in the most general setting. It also allows us to give a direct and new proof of the Hammersley-Clifford theorem transposing and reducing it to a corresponding statement for graphs, justifying formally the geometric intuition of independency, and extending it to non finite graphs. This intersection property is the starting point for a generalization of the decomposition into interaction subspaces to collections of vector spaces.
On Hiding Neural Networks Inside Neural Networks

Modern neural networks often contain significantly more parameters than the size of their training data. We show that this excess capacity provides an opportunity for embedding secret machine learning models within a trained neural network. Our novel framework hides the existence of a secret neural network with arbitrary desired functionality within a carrier network. We prove theoretically that the secret network's detection is computationally infeasible and demonstrate empirically that the carrier network does not compromise the secret network's disguise. Our paper introduces a previously unknown steganographic technique that can be exploited by adversaries if left unchecked.
Analysis of Single Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy Data: a tutorial

The diffraction of light imposes a fundamental limit on the resolution of light microscopes. This limit can be circumvented by creating and exploiting independent behaviors of the sample at length scales below the diffraction limit. In super-resolution microscopy, the independence arises from individual fluorescent labels switching between dark and fluorescent states, which allows the pinpointing of fluorophores either directly during the experiment or post experimentally using a sequence of acquired sparse image frames. Finally, the resulting list of fluorophore coordinates is utilized to produce high resolution images or to gain quantitative insight into the underlying biological structures. Therefore, image processing and post-processing are essential stages of super-resolution microscopy techniques. Here, we review the latest progress on super-resolution microscopy data processing and post-processing.
An Embedding Learning Framework for Numerical Features in CTR Prediction

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction is critical for industrial recommender systems, where most deep CTR models follow an Embedding & Feature Interaction paradigm. However, the majority of methods focus on designing network architectures to better capture feature interactions while the feature embedding, especially for numerical features, has been overlooked. Existing approaches for numerical features are difficult to capture informative knowledge because of the low capacity or hard discretization based on the offline expertise feature engineering. In this paper, we propose a novel embedding learning framework for numerical features in CTR prediction (AutoDis) with high model capacity, end-to-end training and unique representation properties preserved. AutoDis consists of three core components: meta-embeddings, automatic discretization and aggregation. Specifically, we propose meta-embeddings for each numerical field to learn global knowledge from the perspective of field with a manageable number of parameters. Then the differentiable automatic discretization performs soft discretization and captures the correlations between the numerical features and meta-embeddings. Finally, distinctive and informative embeddings are learned via an aggregation function. Comprehensive experiments on two public and one industrial datasets are conducted to validate the effectiveness of AutoDis. Moreover, AutoDis has been deployed onto a mainstream advertising platform, where online A/B test demonstrates the improvement over the base model by 2.1% and 2.7% in terms of CTR and eCPM, respectively. In addition, the code of our framework is publicly available in MindSpore.
Large Rainbow Cliques in Randomly Perturbed Dense Graphs

For two graphs $G$ and $H$, write $G \stackrel{\mathrm{rbw}}{\longrightarrow} H$ if $G$ has the property that every {\sl proper} colouring of its edges yields a {\sl rainbow} copy of $H$. We study the thresholds for such so-called {\sl anti-Ramsey} properties in randomly perturbed dense graphs, which are unions of the form $G \cup \mathbb{G}(n,p)$, where $G$ is an $n$-vertex graph with edge-density at least $d$, and $d$ is a constant that does not depend on $n$. Our results in this paper, combined with our results in a companion paper, determine the threshold for the property $G \cup \mathbb{G}(n,p) \stackrel{\mathrm{rbw}}{\longrightarrow} K_s$ for every $s$. In this paper, we show that for $s \geq 9$ the threshold is $n^{-1/m_2(K_{\left\lceil s/2 \right\rceil})}$; in fact, our $1$-statement is a supersaturation result. This turns out to (almost) be the threshold for $s=8$ as well, but for every $4 \leq s \leq 7$, the threshold is lower; see our companion paper for more details. In this paper, we also consider the property $G \cup \mathbb{G}(n,p) \stackrel{\mathrm{rbw}}{\longrightarrow} C_{2\ell - 1}$, and show that the threshold for this property is $n^{-2}$ for every $\ell \geq 2$; in particular, it does not depend on the length of the cycle $C_{2\ell - 1}$. It is worth mentioning that for even cycles, or more generally for any fixed bipartite graph, no random edges are needed at all.
Study on the microstructure and liquid–solid correlation of Al–Mg alloys

ABSTRACT Based on the available structural models and theories of electrical resistivity (ER) of liquid alloys, the structure and the liquid–solid correlation of Al (100-x) Mgx (x = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50) alloys have been qualitatively studied by measuring the ER during the heating/cooling process using the direct-current (DC) four-probe method, as well as by characterizing the solidification morphology and testing the hardness. The result shows that the ER of Al–Mg alloys increases with the increasing temperature and the Mg content; thermal state and history have an effect on the solidification structure and properties: the ER of Al–Mg alloys exhibits a lag phenomenon of structure change during the heating/cooling process. A higher heating/cooling rate contributes to the more obvious relaxation effect of ER and the more uniform structure. Furthermore, higher pouring temperature (PT) leads the melts and solidification structure to be more homogeneous, which increases the hardness.
AGILE LEADERSHIP-A COMPARISON OF AGILE LEADERSHIP

Leadership has been the focus of research in the social sciences since the early 1930s. However, no generally valid theory exists to date. In recent years, theories relating to agile leadership have also increasingly emerged. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the current state of research on agile leadership. For this purpose, a systematic literature analysis is conducted. The different terms used in the context of agile leadership are restricted by means of selection criteria. Furthermore, characteristics of agile leadership will be analyzed and consolidated. This results in a catalogue of criteria with which the selected leadership styles. The evaluation shows that there are overlaps in the styles, which also can be identified in the research. 278 33RD BLED ECONFERENCE ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR A SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY
Business as Un-usual: Access to mental health and primary care services for people with severe mental illness during the COVID-19 restrictions

Aims: To explore: how satisfied people with severe mental illness (SMI) are with the support received during the pandemic; understand any difficulties encountered when accessing both mental health and primary care services; consider ways to mitigate these difficulties; and assess the perceived need for future support from mental health services. Materials and Methods: A representative sample was drawn from a large transdiagnostic clinical cohort of people with SMI, which was recruited between April 2016 and March 2020. The sample was re-surveyed a few months after the beginning of the restrictions. Descriptive frequency statistics were used to analyse the quantitative data. The free text responses were analysed thematically. Results: 367 participants responded to the survey. Two thirds were receiving support from mental health services with the rest supported in primary care or self-managing. A quarter thought they would need more mental health support in the coming year. Half had needed to used community mental health services during the pandemic and the majority had been able to get support. A minority reported that their mental health had deteriorated but they had either not got the supported they wanted or had not sought help. The biggest service change was the reduction in face-to-face appointments and increasing use of phone and video call support. Nearly half of those using mental health services found this change acceptable or even preferred it; acceptability was influenced by several factors. Participants were more likely to be satisfied with support received when seen in person. Discussion: Although most participants were satisfied with the mental health support they had received, a minority were not. This, couple with findings on future need for mental health support has implications for post pandemic demand on services. Remote care has brought benefits but also risks that it could increase inequalities in access to services.
Engagement With Daily Testing Instead of Self-Isolating in Contacts of Confirmed Cases of SARS-CoV-2: A Qualitative Analysis

Introduction: In December 2020 and January 2021 Public Health England (PHE) with NHS Test and Trace conducted a study to explore the feasibility and acceptability of daily testing as an alternative to self-isolation following close contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case. This qualitative paper aims to identify factors influencing uptake among those offered daily testing, and the subsequent impact on behaviour. Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with 52 participants who had taken part in the feasibility study. Participants were asked about their experiences of daily testing or self-isolating, their reasons for choosing to test or isolate, and their behaviour during the study period. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Results are presented under two main headings: (1) factors influencing acceptance of testing and (2) impact of test results. Participants appeared highly motivated to engage in behaviours that would protect others from the virus. Factors influencing the decision to accept testing included (1) needing to avoid self-isolation, (2) concerns about test sensitivity, and (3) perceived benefits of detecting infection. Participants who were taking tests reported: (1) positive consequences following confirmation of COVID status, (2) engaging in essential activities, (3) uncertainty, and (4) self-isolating whilst testing. Conclusions: This study has identified a range of factors that appear to influence the decision to engage in daily testing or to self-isolate following close contact with a positive case, many of which could be addressed by clear communications. Covid-19 infection rates and government restrictions influenced experiences, and so further research is needed to explore perceptions of daily testing and behaviour following close contact with a positive case among a wider range of individuals, in the context of lower rates of COVID-19, few government restrictions on general population behaviour and more widespread testing.