Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid measurement and correction of phase errors from B0 eddy currents: Impact on image quality for non‐cartesian imaging

Non‐Cartesian imaging sequences and navigational methods can be more sensitive to scanner imperfections that have little impact on conventional clinical sequences, an issue which has repeatedly complicated the commercialization of these techniques by frustrating transitions to multicenter evaluations. One such imperfection is phase errors caused by resonant frequency shifts from eddy currents induced in the cryostat by time‐varying gradients, a phenomenon known as B0 eddy currents. These phase errors can have a substantial impact on sequences that use ramp sampling, bipolar gradients, and readouts at varying azimuthal angles. We present a method for measuring and correcting phase errors from B0 eddy currents and examine the results on two different scanner models. This technique yields significant improvements in image quality for high‐resolution joint imaging on certain scanners. This result suggests that correcting short‐time B0 eddy currents that do not affect conventional clinical sequences may simplify the adoption of non‐Cartesian methods. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical shift encoded water–fat separation using parallel imaging and compressed sensing

Chemical shift encoded techniques have received considerable attention recently because they can reliably separate water and fat in the presence of off‐resonance. The insensitivity to off‐resonance requires that data be acquired at multiple echo times, which increases the scan time as compared to a single echo acquisition. The increased scan time often requires that a compromise be made between the spatial resolution, the volume coverage, and the tolerance to artifacts from subject motion. This work describes a combined parallel imaging and compressed sensing approach for accelerated water–fat separation. In addition, the use of multiscale cubic B‐splines for B0 field map estimation is introduced. The water and fat images and the B0 field map are estimated via an alternating minimization. Coil sensitivity information is derived from a calculated k‐space convolution kernel and l1‐regularization is imposed on the coil‐combined water and fat image estimates. Uniform water–fat separation is demonstrated from retrospectively undersampled data in the liver, brachial plexus, ankle, and knee as well as from a prospectively undersampled acquisition of the knee at 8.6x acceleration. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Highly undersampled phase‐contrast flow measurements using compartment‐based k–t principal component analysis

The applicability of cine blood flow measurements in a clinical setting is often compromised by the long scan times associated with phase‐contrast imaging. In this work, we propose an extension to the k–t principal component analysis method and demonstrate that by definition of spatial compartment‐dependent temporal basis functions, significant improvements in reconstruction accuracy can be achieved relative to the original k–t principal component analysis and k–t SENSE formulations. Using this method, it is shown that prospective nominal undersampling of up to 16 corresponding to a net acceleration factor of 8 including training data acquisition can be realized while keeping the error in stroke volume below 5%. As a practical application, the acquisition of cine flow data in the aorta is demonstrated permitting assessment of two‐dimensional velocity images and pulse wave velocities at 100 frames per second in a single breathhold per slice. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Center‐out radial sampling with off‐resonant reconstruction for efficient and accurate localization of punctate and elongated paramagnetic structures

Accurate localization of interventional devices, for example, needles and brachytherapy seeds, is desired for interventional procedures. MRI is usually considered unsuitable for this purpose, as the induced signal voids and signal pile‐ups do not necessarily represent the exact location of the devices. Center‐out radial sampling with off‐resonance reception (co‐RASOR) has been shown to solve this problem by repositioning the signal pile‐up into the geometrical center of the interventional devices. However, the multiple acquisitions required for co‐RASOR resulted in a low efficiency and unsuitability for near real‐time interventional purposes. Herein, we aim to increase the efficiency of co‐RASOR by relying on multiple off‐resonance reconstructions of a single acquisition rather than on multiple acquisitions. The soundness of this approach is shown by demonstrating the equivalence of acquisition co‐RASOR and reconstruction co‐RASOR, both theoretically and experimentally. An algorithm is proposed and evaluated to obtain the geometric centers of the devices, while suppressing the background. This procedure is shown to be effective, in vitro as well as ex vivo, and to yield signal intensity increases in the order of 150–400% of the average signal, in the geometric center of a brachytherapy seed and a needle, respectively. The geometric accuracy of the resultant images is confirmed by computed tomography. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Generalized iNverse imaging (GIN): Ultrafast fMRI with physiological noise correction

An ultrafast functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique, called generalized inverse imaging (GIN), is proposed, which combines inverse imaging with a phase constraint—leading to a less underdetermined reconstruction—and physiological noise correction. A single 3D echo planar imaging (EPI) prescan is sufficient to obtain the necessary coil sensitivity information and reference images that are used to reconstruct standard images, so that standard analysis methods are applicable. A moving dots stimulus paradigm was chosen to assess the performance of GIN. We find that the spatial localization of activation for GIN is comparable to an EPI protocol and that maximum z‐scores increase significantly. The high temporal resolution of GIN (50 ms) and the acquisition of the phase information enable unaliased sampling and regression of physiological signals. Using the phase time courses obtained from the 32 channels of the receiver coils as nuisance regressors in a general linear model results in significant improvement of the functional activation, rendering the acquisition of external physiological signals unnecessary. The proposed physiological noise correction can in principle be used for other fMRI protocols, such as simultaneous multislice acquisitions, which acquire the phase information sufficiently fast and sample physiological signals unaliased. Magn Reson Med, 70:962–971, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enrichment culture can bias the isolation of Campylobacter subtypes

SUMMARY Enrichment culture is often used to isolate Campylobacter. This study compared isolation of Campylobacter spp. from 119 broiler chicken environments from two farms, using Preston and modified Exeter (mExeter) and modified Bolton (mBolton) enrichments. mExeter was significantly more effective in isolating Campylobacter spp. from the environmental samples compared to Preston (P<0·001) and mBolton (P<0·04) broths but there was no significant difference between the latter two methods (P>0·05). Enrichment broth type did not affect isolation from chicken faecal or soil and litter samples. C. jejuni was isolated from significantly more environmental samples using mExeter broth compared to Preston (P<0·01) and mBolton (P<0·003) broths; there was no difference between the latter two methods or between all methods for detection of C. coli (P>0·05). Only C. coli was isolated from the soil and litter samples and although both C. jejuni and C. coli were recovered from the faecal samples there was no effect of using different enrichment broths. The majority of samples where the same species had been isolated yielded the same or closely related genotypes as defined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Isolates recovered using Preston and mBolton broths were less genetically diverse than those from mExeter broth. We conclude that the enrichment method used affects both the number and species of Campylobacter isolated from naturally contaminated samples.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis E antibodies and risk profile of HEV seropositivity in The Netherlands, 2006–2007

SUMMARY Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is now considered an endemic pathogen in industrialized countries, leading to acute and sometimes chronic hepatitis, mostly in vulnerable people. The endemic sources are unclear. A survey in The Netherlands in 2006–2007 showed a 1·9% seroprevalence of HEV antibodies measured by ELISA and confirmed by immunoblot in a nationwide sample. Overall, in 134/7072 (1·9%) seropositive individuals, older age (P<0·01), being male (P<0·01), working with patients (P=0·03), working with animals (P=0·07), recent diarrhoeal complaints (P=0·07) and adhering to a religion that considers pigs unclean (P<0·01) were independently associated with seropositivity in multivariate analysis. Sub-analysis of 59/4022 (1·5%) anti-HEV antibody-positive subjects with probable endemic exposure showed independent association with youngest household member being aged <5 years or between 19 and <65 years (P=0·05) in multivariate analysis. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the sources of endemic HEV exposure, and also highlight the need for systematic epidemiological and serological evaluation of new cases.
Cardiovascular effects of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide-protected gold nanoparticles

(w ww .m ed kn ow .co m) . Water-dispersible monolayer-protected nanogold (MPNG), in which a layer of molecule covers the entire surface of the nanogold (gold nanoparticle), has been extensively used as a core for controlled drug release[1] and enhancement of radiotherapy. [2] Nanoparticles made up of polymer/surfactants[3] which contain, or are coated with, drugs are used for targetspecific drug delivery. Since nanogold is a novel form of gold, only a few of its physical, chemical, and biological properties have been extensively studied in the past. Earlier studies on the treatment of cardiac and neurological disorders[4] with various gold salts and compounds prompted us to explore the cardiovascular effects of gold nanoparticles. The objective of the study was to find out the cardiovascular activity of gold nanoparticles, and its monolayer surfactant-protected derivatives, in the presence and absence of cardiovascular drugs such as atenolol and isoprenaline. The cardiovascular action of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (commonly known as CTAB, which is a cationic surfactant) monolayer-protected nanogold was studied. The nanogold solution was prepared by reducing gold ions in 100 ml of chloroauric acid solution (10-4 M), using sodium borohydride (0.01% w/v) as the reducing agent. This synthesis has been described by Brust et al.[5] To 90 ml nanogold solution (1.764 mg% of gold expressed in w/v), 10 ml of 10−3 M CTAB (aqueous) was added to obtain CTAB-protected nanogold (C-NG). Four (two males and two females) healthy laboratory Wistar rats (300-400 g of body weight, aged 5-6 months) were used. The animals were procured from the National Toxicology Centre, Pune, and were well fed and housed in a clean environment at a temperature of 25 ± 1°C and a relative humidity of 45-55%, under a 12/12-hour light/dark cycle. The animals were anesthetized using urethane i.p. (1.25 g/kg body weight). A Biopac 6 instrument (Biopac systems, Inc, USA) was used to record the ECG, heart rate, and blood pressure. The instrument electrodes were inserted in the rat in the formation of Lead II [Right arm (-ve)][Left arm (+ve)][Right leg (neutral)]. The blood pressure readings were obtained by cannulating the carotid artery. The C-NG, atenolol, and isoprenaline solutions were injected through a cannula inserted into the external jugular vein. The volume of each dose of isoprenaline, atenolol, and C-NG did not exceed 1 ml/kg body weight of the animal. Isoprenaline was prepared using normal saline and 3 doses100 nanogram, 300 nanogram, and 1 μgwere used. Atenolol in normal saline was administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight. The heart rate, blood pressure, and ECG were recorded with each dose of a drug. Only when ECG and blood pressure returned to normal was the subsequent dose of the drug administered. Separate control studies were conducted with nanogold and Cardiovascular effects of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromideprotected gold nanoparticles
Pancreatoscopy-guided laser lithotripsy in a patient with difficult ductal stone

A 63-year-old man with heavy alcohol consumption was referred to our institution for upper abdominal pain, weight loss, and a computed tomography scan showing signs of chronic pancreatitis (parenchymal calcifications and atrophy of the pancreatic body/tail). A magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was performed, showing Wirsung dilation, namely of the tail, and an abrupt stop in the pancreatic body of unknown cause (▶Fig. 1). Endoscopic ultrasound revealed an intraductal stone in the pancreatic body (7.4mm), and a dilated Wirsung in the body and tail (▶Fig. 2). The patient underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Pancreatography showed an irregular Wirsung contour in the head and irregularity in the body–tail transition, suggestive of an intraductal stone (▶Fig. 3). Pancreatic sphincterotomy was performed, and the calculus was crossed with the guidewire, but it was impossible to cross it with a 6-mm dilation balloon. After hydrostatic balloon dilation of the pancreatic head (up to 6mm), a pancreatoscope (Spyglass Direct Visualization System; Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA) was advanced over a 0.025-inch guidewire to reach a large intraductal stone of 7–8mm in size (▶Fig. 4, ▶Video1). After targeting the stone, laser bursts (Holmium laser, Auriga XL; Boston Scientific) of less than 5 seconds were delivered through the aqueous medium using a 365-μm diameter fiber (energy level 1200mJ; frequency of 12Hz). After stone fragmentation, ductal clearance was achieved with an 8.5-mm extraction balloon. Two pancreatic stents (12 cm, 7 Fr) were placed. ▶ Fig. 1 Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, showing an abrupt stop at the pancreatic body, followed by major dilation of the remaining body and tail. ▶ Fig. 2 Endoscopic ultrasound revealed a large intraductal stone in the pancreatic body (7.4mm), and a dilated Wirsung in the body and tail.
Multiple outbreaks of a novel norovirus GII.4 linked to an infected post-symptomatic food handler

SUMMARY Multiple norovirus outbreaks following catered events in Auckland, New Zealand, in September 2010 were linked to the same catering company and investigated. Retrospective cohort studies were undertaken with attendees of two events: 38 (24·1%) of 158 surveyed attendees developed norovirus-compatible illness. Attendees were at increased risk of illness if they had consumed food that had received manual preparation following cooking or that had been prepared within 45 h following end of symptoms in a food handler with prior gastroenteritis. All food handlers were tested for norovirus. A recombinant norovirus GII.e/GII.4 was detected in specimens from event attendees and the convalescent food handler. All catering company staff were tested; no asymptomatic norovirus carriers were detected. This investigation improved the characterization of norovirus risk from post-symptomatic food handlers by narrowing the potential source of transmission to one individual. Food handlers with gastroenteritis should be excluded from the workplace for 45 h following resolution of symptoms.
Implant placement post extraction in esthetic single tooth sites: when immediate, when early, when late?

Implant placement in post-extraction sites of single teeth in the esthetic zone has been a topic of great interest in the field of implant dentistry since 1990. Triggered by the development of guided bone regeneration, the concept of immediate implant placement became quite popular in the 1990s. In the past 12 years, however, the dental community has begun to focus increasingly on the esthetic outcomes of post-extraction implant placement and several studies indicated a significant risk for the development of mucosal recessions with immediate implants. Parallel with this, significant progress has been made in the understanding of tissue biology in terms of hard and soft tissue alterations post extraction, based on preclinical, clinical and radiological studies. This knowledge has helped better to understand the etiology of these esthetic complications with immediate implant placement. The present review first analyzes the various phases of the development of therapeutic strategies over the years for post-extraction implant placement in single tooth sites in the esthetic zone. It presents the current knowledge concerning the terminology with immediate, early and late implant placement, the risk factors for the development of esthetic complications, and the selection criteria for the various treatment options. In the second part, clinical recommendations are given, since a clinician active in this field of implant therapy can use all treatment options depending on the preoperative analysis including a 3D cone beam computed tomography. The selection criteria for all four treatment options are presented and documented with typical case reports to illustrate the current treatment approaches applied in daily practice.
The periodontal war: microbes and immunity

Maintenance of periodontal health or transition to a periodontal lesion reflects the continuous and ongoing battle between the vast microbial ecology in the oral cavity and the array of resident and emigrating inflammatory/immune cells in the periodontium. This war clearly signifies many 'battlefronts' representing the interface of the mucosal-surface cells with the dynamic biofilms composed of commensal and potential pathogenic species, as well as more recent knowledge demonstrating active invasion of cells and tissues of the periodontium leading to skirmishes in connective tissue, the locality of bone and even in the local vasculature. Research in the discipline has uncovered a concerted effort of the microbiome, using an array of survival strategies, to interact with other bacteria and host cells. These strategies aid in colonization by 'ambushing, infiltrating and outflanking' host cells and molecules, responding to local environmental changes (including booby traps for host biomolecules), communicating within and between genera and species that provide MASINT (Measurement and Signature Intelligence) to enhance sustained survival, sabotage the host inflammatory and immune responses and by potentially adopting a 'Fabian strategy' with a war of attrition and resulting disease manifestations. Additionally, much has been learned regarding the ever-increasing complexity of the host-response armamentarium at both cellular and molecular levels that is addressed in this review. Knowledge regarding how these systems fully interact requires both new laboratory and clinical tools, as well as sophisticated modeling of the networks that help maintain homeostasis and are dysregulated in disease. Finally, the triggers resulting in a 'coup de main' by the microbiome (exacerbation of disease) and the characteristics of susceptible hosts that can result in 'pyrrhic victories' with collateral damage to host tissues, the hallmark of periodontitis, remains unclear. While much has been learned, substantial gaps in our understanding of the 'parameters of this war' remain elusive toward fulfilling the Sun Tzu adage: 'If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. '
Magnetization transfer contrast–suppressed imaging of amide proton transfer and relayed nuclear overhauser enhancement chemical exchange saturation transfer effects in the human brain at 7T

To use the variable delay multipulse (VDMP) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) approach to obtain clean amide proton transfer (APT) and relayed Nuclear Overhauser enhancement (rNOE) CEST images in the human brain by suppressing the conventional magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) and reducing the direct water saturation contribution.
The Frequency of Fibromyalgia Syndrome in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

ABSTRACT Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is one of the most common reproductive abnormalities and is characterized by hyperandrogenemia. We aimed to assess the frequency of fibromyalgia syndrome [FMS] and psychological distress in patients with PCOS. Methods: Forty patients with PCOS and 39 age-matched healthy controls were included in the study as PCOS and healthy normal control [HNC] groups. The diagnosis of FMS was based on the American College of Rheumatology criteria of 1990, and the diagnosis of PCOS was based on the Rotterdam criteria of 2003. All participants completed the questionnaires to gather information including demographic features, FMS-related symptoms, and the psychological status. Patients with PCOS were divided into two subgroups according to coexistence of FMS [PCOS only and PCOS + FMS]. Results: The mean age of PCOS and HNC groups were 23.97 ± 6.01 and 26.15 ± 5.45 years, respectively [P > 0.05]. The frequency of FMS in PCOS and HNC groups was 32.5 percent and 7.7 percent, respectively [P < 0.05]. Except constipation and paresthesia, the presence of FMS-related symptoms in the PCOS + FMS subgroup were higher than those of the PCOS only subgroup and HNC group. There were no differences in depression scores between the PCOS only and PCOS + FMS subgroups, but there were differences in anxiety scores. Conclusion: The frequency of FMS was found to be increased in PCOS. Anxiety risk was also found to be increased, particularly in patients with PCOS and concomitant FMS.
Recipient Vessel Exposure in the Axilla during Microvascular Breast Reconstruction

Over the years, the favored recipient vessels for microvascular breast reconstruction have changed from the thoracodorsal to the internal mammary vessels, mainly due to the deep position and poor exposure of the vessels in the axilla and all the technical difficulties this reflects. We used the simple maneuver of arm adduction during microvascular anastomoses in the axilla and compared it with the conventional method of abducted arm regarding the exposure of the vessels, the position of the operator and the assistant, and the operative time. We found that this innovation considerably improved the exposure of the vessels and the operator's position, facilitating easier and faster anastomoses.