Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid Earthquake Association and Location

Rapid association of seismic phases and event location are crucial for real‐time seismic monitoring. We propose a new method, named rapid earthquake association and location (REAL), for associating seismic phases and locating seismic events rapidly, simultaneously, and automatically. REAL combines the advantages of both pick‐based and waveform‐based detection and location methods. It associates arrivals of different seismic phases and locates seismic events primarily through counting the number of P and S picks and secondarily from travel‐time residuals. A group of picks are associated with a particular earthquake if there are enough picks within the theoretical travel‐time windows. The location is determined to be at the grid point with the most picks, and if multiple locations have the same maximum number of picks, the grid point among them with smallest travel‐time residuals. We refine seismic locations using a least‐squares location method (VELEST) and a high‐precision relative location method (hypoDD). REAL can be used for rapid seismic characterization due to its computational efficiency. As an example application, we apply REAL to earthquakes in the 2016 central Apennines, Italy, earthquake sequence occurring during a five‐day period in October 2016, midway in time between the two largest earthquakes. We associate and locate more than three times as many events (3341) as are in Italy's National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology routine catalog (862). The spatial distribution of these relocated earthquakes shows a similar but more concentrated pattern relative to the cataloged events. Our study demonstrates that it is possible to characterize seismicity automatically and quickly using REAL and seismic picks.
Nitrate deposition and preservation in the snowpack along a traverse from coast to the ice sheet summit (Dome A) in East Antarctica

The Antarctic ice core nitrate (NO 3 − ) can provide a unique record of the atmospheric reactive nitrogen cycle. However, the factors influencing the deposition and preservation of NO 3 − at the ice sheet surface must first be understood. Therefore, an intensive program of snow sample collections was made on a traverse from the coast to the ice sheet summit, Dome A, East Antarctica. Snow samples in this observation include 120 surface snow samples (top ~ 3 cm), 20 snowpits with depths of 150 to 300 cm, and 6 crystal ice samples (the topmost needle like layer on Dome A plateau), and NO 3 − concentrations in these samples were determined. The main purpose of this investigation is to characterize the distribution pattern and preservation of NO 3 − in the snow in different environments. Results show that an increasing trend of NO 3 − concentrations with distance inland is present in surface snow, and NO 3 − is extremely enriched in the crystal ice (with a maximum of 16.1 μeq L −1 ). NO 3 − concentration profiles for snowpits vary between coastal and inland sites. On the coast, the deposited NO 3 − was largely preserved, and the archived NO 3 − fluxes are dominated by snow accumulation. The relationship between the archived NO 3 − and snow accumulation rate can be well depicted by a linear model, suggesting a homogeneity of atmospheric NO 3 − levels. It is estimated that dry deposition contributes 27−44 % of the archived NO 3 − fluxes, and the dry deposition velocity and scavenging ratio for NO 3 − was relatively constant near the coast. Compared to the coast, the inland snow shows a relatively weak association between archived NO 3 − and snow accumulation, and the archived NO 3 − fluxes were more concentration dependent. The association between NO 3 − and the coexisting ions (nssSO 4 2− , Na + and Cl − ) was assessed, and nssSO 4 2− (the fine aerosol particles) could potentially influence NO 3 − concentrations, while the correlation between NO 3 − and Na + (mainly associated with coarse aerosol particles) is not significant. In inland snow, there were no significant relationships found between NO 3 − and the coexisting ions, suggesting a dominant role of NO 3 − recycling in the concentration.
III-Nitride Multi-Quantum-Well Light Emitting Structures with Selective Carrier Injection

Incorporation into the multi-layered active region of a semiconductor light-emitting structure specially designed intermediate carrier blocking layers (IBLs) allows efficient control over the carrier injection distribution across the structure’s active region to match the application-driven device injection characteristics. This approach has been successfully applied to control the color characteristics of monolithic multi-color light-emitting diodes (LEDs). We further exemplify the method’s versatility by demonstrating the IBL design of III-nitride multiple-quantum-well (MQW) light-emitting diode with active quantum wells uniformly populated at LED operational current.
The structure of the epistemological development in teaching learning questionnaire

Abstract New measurement of students’ learning and teaching concepts is essential for creating constructive alignment in teaching and support formative assessment to promote epistemic development. The Epistemological Development in Teaching Learning Questionnaire (EDTLQ) was developed to meet these needs. In the present study, the factor structure of EDTLQ was examined using a sample of 643 students from a Swedish University. The results show that the correlated six-factor model fits the data the best. The result is consistent with the developmental theory that posits development as a dynamic highly correlated process varying across and within domains. There is a potential to use EDTLQ as a tool for adapting teaching to appropriate levels of understanding within different domains. The EDTLQ is one of the few measurements that can be used to assess students’ learning concepts so that education/teaching can be adapted to support students’ development of more complex levels of thinking about learning.
Processing Near Sensor Architecture in Mixed-Signal Domain With CMOS Image Sensor of Convolutional-Kernel-Readout Method

In the era of Artificial Intelligence (AI), bio-inspired perceptual computing system design brings favorable opportunities, while still facing considerable challenges in the meantime. Especially for tasks of image recognition in power-limited vision-based Internet of Things (IoT) devices, energy constraints due to the end of Dennard scaling limit the performance of Neural Network (NN) algorithms on popular digital platforms, which would not reach the energy efficiency requirement for embedded AI applications. In this paper, a processing near sensor architecture in mixed-signal domain with CMOS Image Sensor (CIS) of convolutional-kernel-readout method is proposed. Visual data is collected from a smart CIS, which can realize maximum $5 \times 5$ kernel-readout with minimum one slide step for convolutional operations. The outputs of CIS are directly processed by analog processing units locating near CIS without the constraint of digital clock and bottleneck of Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). By analyzing the effects of analog noise on classification accuracy, we further evaluate the fault-tolerance of the system to circuit noise and the device imperfection, such as mismatch and process variation. A mixed-signal visual perception chip is fabricated with a $32\times32$ image sensor and a Binarized Neural Network (BNN) processing array integrated with SMIC 180nm standard CMOS mixed-signal process. Measurement results show up to 545.4 GOPS/W energy efficiency with 1.8mW power consumption taking the advantages of ADC-free processing architecture. This work provides a promising alternative for low-power vision-based IoT intelligent applications.
An equivalent-input-disturbance approach for current sensor faults estimation and rejection in permanent magnet synchronous motor drives

Current sensor is commonly used in a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system. Occurrence of unexpected current sensor faults may cause feedback currents deviation and system degradation, which can be extremely detrimental to the safety of the industrial system with PMSM. This paper presents an estimation and rejection strategy of current sensor faults for a PMSM drive system. Sensor faults in current measurement circuits are treated as system disturbances by constructing a new system plant. A sliding mode observer and an improved equivalent-input-disturbance (EID) estimator are designed for the plant based on the EID theory. Accurate estimates of the current sensor equivalent-input-faults are thus obtained readily. Faults rejection is performed by subtracting the equivalent-input-faults from the control input. This allows an existing controller in a PMSM system to continue to function normally even a current sensor fault occurs. An existence analysis and stability proof are also discussed in detail for the system. Finally, different faults examples and a hardware-in-the-loop experiment are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the method.
Determining the impact of knowledge sharing initiatives in international organizations: Case studies

No one disputes that knowledge is the lifeblood of international organizations and especially specialized agencies of the United Nations. However, there has been little consensus on the best methods to share knowledge, leverage the extensive international expertise and make it available to the constituents and partners of these organizations. What is their strategy for managing knowledge? Do they have one? What impact does it have? What is the role of senior management in championing knowledge sharing in these international organizations? These are the questions this paper addresses through the lenses of the evaluations of current knowledge sharing practices in two institutions located in Geneva, Switzerland, both part of the United Nations system.
Design of Arbitrary-Phase-Difference Transdirectional Coupler and Its Application to a Flexible Butler Matrix

In this article, an arbitrary-phase-difference (A-PD) transdirectional (TRD) coupler is proposed and applied in the design of a flexible Butler matrix. The A-PD TRD coupler, which also features the characteristics of arbitrary power division and miniaturized size, is composed of four sections of coupled lines and four types of capacitors. Explicit equations for designing the A-PD TRD coupler were derived utilizing the even–odd mode decomposition analysis, and guidelines to obtain the circuit parameters were also given. To demonstrate the design procedure, examples of the proposed coupler are provided and the relevant studies on the coupler’s electrical parameters are conducted. By combining the proposed coupler with the TRD coupled-line-based crossovers and the −45° phase shifters, a miniaturized $4 \times 4$ Butler matrix with flexible output ports phase differences (−25°, 155°, −115°, and 65°) is implemented. It inherits the features of the TRD coupler including A-PD and compact size. At the center frequency, the measured amplitude and phase imbalances are less than 1.4 dB and 3.2°, respectively, between the output signals. Compared to state-of-the-art A-PD-coupler-based Butler matrix, the proposed structure shows a smaller size ( $1.35 \lambda _{g} \times 1.36 \lambda _{g}$ ) and a wider bandwidth (20%).
Submucosal Tumor Analysis of Endoscopic Ultrasonography Images

Endoscopic ultrasonography is a medical procedure in endoscopy combined with ultrasound to obtain images of the internal organs. It is useful to have a predictive pathological manifestation since a doctor can observe tumors under mucosa. However, it is often subjective to judge the degree of malignant degeneration of tumors. Thus, in this paper, we propose a feature analysis procedure to make the pathological manifestation more objective so as to improve the accuracy and recall of the diagnosis. In the process, we extract the ultrasound region from the image obtained by endoscopic ultrasonography. It is necessary to standardize the intensity of this region with the intensity of water region as a base since frequently found small intensity difference is only to be inefficient in the analysis. Then, we analyze the spot region with high echo and calcium deposited region by applying LVQ algorithm and bit plane partitioning procedure to tumor regions selected by medical expert. For detailed analysis, features such as intensity value, intensity information included within two random points chosen by medical expert in tumor region, and the slant of outline of tumor region in order to decide the degree of malignant degeneration. Such procedure is proven to be helpful for medical experts in tumor analysis.
New constraints from Central Chile on the origins of enriched continental compositions in thick-crusted arc magmas

Abstract Magmas from continental arcs built on thick crust have elevated incompatible element abundances and “enriched” radiogenic isotope ratios compared to magmas erupted in island and continental arcs overlying thinner crust. The relative influence of the slab, mantle, and upper plate on this variability is heavily debated. The Andean Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ; 33–46°S) is an ideal setting to investigate the production of enriched continental arc compositions, because both crustal thickness and magma chemistry vary coherently along strike. However, the scarcity of primitive magmas in the thick-crusted northern SVZ has hindered previous regional studies. To better address the origin of enriched continental compositions, we investigate the geochemistry (major and trace element abundances, 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd ratios) of new mafic samples from Don Casimiro and Maipo volcanoes within the Diamante-Maipo Caldera Complex of the northern SVZ. While evolved Diamante-Maipo samples show evidence for crustal assimilation, the trace element and isotopic enrichment of the most mafic samples cannot result from crustal processing, as no known regional or global basement lithologies are enriched in all of the necessary incompatible trace elements. Subduction erosion models similarly fail to account for the enriched isotopic and trace element signature of these samples. Instead, we suggest that the enrichment of northern SVZ magmas is derived from an enriched ambient mantle component (similar to EM1-type ocean island basalts), superimposed on a northward decline in melt extent. A substantial, but nearly uniform contribution of melts from subducting sediment and altered oceanic crust are required at all latitudes. The EM1-like enrichment may arise from recycling of metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle (M-SCLM), as the isotopic trajectory of primitive rear-arc monogenetic cones trend towards the compositions of SCLM melts sampled across South America. Isotopic data from spatially distributed rear-arc centres demonstrate that the arc-parallel variations in the degree of EM1-type enrichment observed in arc-front samples are also present up to 600 km behind the trench in the rear-arc. Rear-arc trace element systematics require significant but variable quantities of slab melts to be transported to the mantle wedge at these large trench distances. Overall, we show that a unified model incorporating variable mantle enrichment, slab additions, and melt extents can account for along and across-arc trends within the SVZ. The recognition that mantle enrichment plays a key role in the production of enriched continental compositions in the SVZ has important implications for our understanding of the chemical evolution of the Earth. If ambient mantle enrichment is not taken into account, petrogenetic models of evolved lavas may overestimate the role of crustal assimilation, which, in turn, may lead models of continental crust growth to overestimate the amount of continental material that has been recycled back into the mantle.
Family and peer resources in relation to psychological condition in patients with paranoid schizophrenia

Subject or material and methods: The study group comprised 201 individuals, 95 females and 106 males, aged between 18 and 54, diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and being treated in psychiatric rehabilitation wards. The following instruments were used: clinical interview, a survey created the study, to measure life experience and coping with adverse life situations and their subjective outcomes for the social functioning, The Family Strengths Scale, The Perceived Social Support Scale, The Berne Questionnaire of Subjective Well-Being, The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, The Mood Scale, and The General Health Questionnaire. The correlation analysis and the path analysis were used.
Radiometric calibration performance of GOES-17 Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)

GOES-17 (G17), the second NOAA’s latest generation weather geostationary GOES-R series satellites, was declared as the operational GOES-West satellite at 137.2° W longitude on February 12, 2019. The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) onboard is the primary instrument which is now paired with the GOES-16 (GOES-East) ABI to provide faster, more detailed and accurate measurements for the weather phenomena over the Western Hemisphere compared to the legacy GOES Imagers. Yet right at the beginning of the G17 ABI post-launch test and post-launch product test (PLT/PLPT) in late April 2018, the malfunctioning of Loop Heat Pipe (LHP) on the spacecraft was detected. This anomaly leads to degraded data quality for all the infrared (IR) bands and no useful data for some IR bands during some hours at night of one some days in the year. Despite all the adversities, significant improvements in the L1b radiance have been made. This study reported the radiometric calibration performance for all the G17 ABI bands and the comparison with that of GOES-16 (G16) ABI. During the time when the IR focal plane module (FPM) is controlled, the G17 IR radiometric calibration is generally well calibrated and very stable. The radiometric calibration difference to G16 IR data is within 0.1K for all the IR bands except for B09 at 0.22K and B16 at 0.57K. The predictive calibration algorithm (pCal) which was operationally implemented on July 25, 2019 significantly improves the radiometric calibration accuracy during the time when the IR FPM temperature is unstable. The radiometric calibration accuracy for the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) bands at both G16 and G17 is within 5% using the SNPP/VIIRS as the reference, except for G16 and G17 B02 and G17 B05. With the recent updates of the B02 solar calibration look-up tables, the G16 and G17 B02 radiance are also significantly reduced and comparable to the common reference. Continuous efforts to improve the G17 radiance quality are still ongoing.
Estimation of the Orientations of the S‐net Cabled Ocean‐Bottom Sensors

The Seafloor Observation Network for Earthquakes and Tsunamis along the Japan Trench (S‐net) is a novel cabled ocean‐bottom station network covering a broad offshore region east of northeastern Japan. To best use the S‐net data, we estimated sensor orientations of all 150 S‐net stations, because without this information the orientations of measurements in geodetical coordinates cannot be specified. We determined three parameters of the sensor orientation at each station: the tilt angle of the long axis of the cable, the rotation angle around the long axis, and the azimuth of the long axis. We estimated the tilt and rotation angles by using the direct current components of accelerometers recording the gravitational acceleration. The tilt and rotation angles slightly varied within the range of 0.001°–0.1° for most stations during the period from 2016 to 2018 except for coseismic steps of rotation angles greater than 1° because of the 20 August 2016 Mw 6.0 off Sanriku and 20 November 2016 Mw 6.9 off Fukushima earthquakes. The long‐axis azimuths were estimated by the particle motions of long‐period Rayleigh waves. We used the accelerometer records in 0.01–0.03 Hz of 7–14 teleseismic earthquakes with Mw 7.0–8.2. The azimuths were constrained with 95% confidence intervals of ±3°–12°. After correcting original waveforms based on the estimated sensor orientation, we confirmed coherent waveforms within the whole S‐net stations and separation of Rayleigh and Love waves in radial and transverse components. The waveforms were also coherent with those of on‐land broadband stations. We provide the estimated sensor orientations and rotation matrix for conversion from the XYZ to east, north, and up components. The estimated orientation can be a fundamental resource for further seismic and geodetic explorations based on S‐net data.
GradYear: From Ideation Through Product Delivery

This thesis will serve to document the first year of GradYear, from ideation through product delivery. GradYear is a Center for Manufacturing Excellence (CME) Senior Capstone Project; the GradYear team is comprised of five students with academic disciplines ranging across business, accountancy, and engineering. The goal of the team was to design and manufacture a high-quality, classic wooden picture frame for college or university graduates that highlights their graduating class year. Under the direction of Dr. Jack McClurg, Dr. Matthew O’Keefe and factory floor technician Mr. James McPhail, the team designed the GradYear Classic using principles of DFMA and implementing principles of lean manufacturing during production. The author also created a supplementary GradYear Order Management System, applying what she learned from her Management Information Systems and Computer Science coursework. This thesis will give an in-depth introduction to GradYear and will analyze how the GradYear Classic was designed and manufactured. It will provide a risk analysis, marketing plan, and financial report, each written under the assumption of full production. It will discuss how the GradYear Order Management System was built and include a brief software and technical specification overview of the system. Finally, the author will provide an analysis of the project and give recommendations for the future of GradYear.
Stimulating Conscious Development Mechanism for Movement in Engineering Education

The research is in line with a vision in our society that regards learning as a lifelong process that is not limited to education, it is an ongoing process in which a person is able to direct his own learning. Reflection and awareness are basic conditions in this process. The emphasis is on an intra-personal approach. The practical, exploratory and participatory research takes place in the context of Higher Engineering education which is often cognitive and practical oriented. Affective education is of significance in a process of conscious personal development. Self-reporting provides an insight into the subjective experience of students. The nature of exploratory research is that no strictly predetermined route can be followed by the researcher. Coming to conscious personal development is not a self-evident process. The following key question has therefore been formulated: “How” can one stimulate Higher Engineering students to open up for conscious intra-personal development? ”. The research resulted in the formulation of the S.C. D. model (Stimulating Conscious Development). (In Dutch: B.O.S. model). The S.C. D. model consists of two parts. The Preliminary research; a field experiment: the SCS module (Social and Communicative Skills), an experiential, student-centered lecture series. The objective of the SCS module is to stimulate Higher Engineering students to open up for conscious personal development. Gaining insight into interpersonal relationships is also of importance in the SCS module, related to effective teamwork. During the SCS process the Research terms were set down. They are the basic assumptions for the next part; a case study: a small-scale, in –depth study which includes three interviews, each time with ten Higher Engineering students, spread over a longer educational period. The case study focuses on the perspective of the research students, who participated voluntary and outside school hours in a positive way, in the research. Handling the method of approach of the S.C. D. model offers a possibility to stimulate Higher Engineering students to open up for personal development.