Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Extrahepatic Cancers: A Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing?

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now considered the main driver and leading cause of chronic liver disease globally. The umbrella term NAFLD describes a range of liver conditions closely related to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and dyslipidemia. At the same time, several malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer, are considered to be common causes of death among patients with NAFLD. At first, our review herein aims to investigate the role of NAFLD in developing colorectal neoplasms and adenomatous polyps based on the current literature. We will also explore the connection and the missing links between NAFLD and extrahepatic cancers. Interestingly, any relationship between NAFLD and extrahepatic malignancies could be attributable to several shared metabolic risk factors. Overall, obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and related disorders may increase the risk of developing cancer. Therefore, early diagnosis of NAFLD is essential for preventing the progression of the disease and avoiding its severe complications. In addition, cancer screening and early detection in these patients may improve survival and reduce any delays in treatment.
Pathological changes of brain oscillations following ischemic stroke

Brain oscillations recorded in the extracellular space are among the most important aspects of neurophysiology data reflecting the activity and function of neurons in a population or a network. The signal strength and patterns of brain oscillations can be powerful biomarkers used for disease detection and prediction of the recovery of function. Electrophysiological signals can also serve as an index for many cutting-edge technologies aiming to interface between the nervous system and neuroprosthetic devices and to monitor the efficacy of boosting neural activity. In this review, we provided an overview of the basic knowledge regarding local field potential, electro- or magneto- encephalography signals, and their biological relevance, followed by a summary of the findings reported in various clinical and experimental stroke studies. We reviewed evidence of stroke-induced changes in hippocampal oscillations and disruption of communication between brain networks as potential mechanisms underlying post-stroke cognitive dysfunction. We also discussed the promise of brain stimulation in promoting post stroke functional recovery via restoring neural activity and enhancing brain plasticity.
Fluorescence-Guided Surgery (FGS) during a Laparoscopic Redo Nissen Fundoplication: The First Case in Children

We present the first case of fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) using indocyanine green (ICG) in a pediatric redo-Nissen fundoplication. The patient is a 17-year-old male with recurrent gastroesophageal symptoms who underwent primary antireflux surgery at 10 months of age. During the redo fundoplication, ICG was intravenously administered to help the visualization during the adhesiolysis between liver, stomach and right crus of the diaphragm and to spare small oesophageal vessels and the left gastric artery. In this case, FGS made the surgery easier than usual and likely reduced the risk of intra-operative complications. Therefore, we believe that this new technology should be regularly used in these types of complex intra-abdominal redo operations.
Dietary Nutritional Information Autonomous Perception Method Based on Machine Vision in Smart Homes

In order to automatically perceive the user’s dietary nutritional information in the smart home environment, this paper proposes a dietary nutritional information autonomous perception method based on machine vision in smart homes. Firstly, we proposed a food-recognition algorithm based on YOLOv5 to monitor the user’s dietary intake using the social robot. Secondly, in order to obtain the nutritional composition of the user’s dietary intake, we calibrated the weight of food ingredients and designed the method for the calculation of food nutritional composition; then, we proposed a dietary nutritional information autonomous perception method based on machine vision (DNPM) that supports the quantitative analysis of nutritional composition. Finally, the proposed algorithm was tested on the self-expanded dataset CFNet-34 based on the Chinese food dataset ChineseFoodNet. The test results show that the average recognition accuracy of the food-recognition algorithm based on YOLOv5 is 89.7%, showing good accuracy and robustness. According to the performance test results of the dietary nutritional information autonomous perception system in smart homes, the average nutritional composition perception accuracy of the system was 90.1%, the response time was less than 6 ms, and the speed was higher than 18 fps, showing excellent robustness and nutritional composition perception performance.
Comparative study of the results from conventional cervico-vaginal oncotic cytology and liquid-based cytology Estudo comparativo dos resultados obtidos pela citologia oncótica cérvico-vaginal convencional e pela citologia em meio líquido

Objective: To compare two oncotic cervical cytology techniques, the conventional and the liquid-based cytology, in low risk patients for uterine cervical cancer. Methods: Comparative prospective study with 100 patients who came to their annual gynecological exam, and were submitted simultaneously to both techniques. We used the McNemar test, with a significance level of p<0.05 to compare the results obtained related to adequacy of the smear quality, descriptive diagnosis prevalence, guided biopsy confirmation and histology. Results: Adequacy of the smear was similar for both methods. The quality with squamocolumnar junction in 93% of conventional cytology and in 84% of the liquid-based cytology had statistical significance. As for the diagnosis of atypical cells they were detected in 3% of conventional cytology and in 10% of liquidbased cytology (p=0.06). Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance were the most prevalent abnormality. The liquid-based cytology performance was better when compared with colposcopy (guided biopsy), presenting sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 100%. There was no cytological and histological concordance for the conventional cytology. Conclusions: Liquid-based cytology had a better performance to diagnose atypical cells and the cytohistological concordance was higher than in the conventional cytology.
Lithospheric Structure of the South India Precambrian Terrains From Surface Wave Tomography

We have developed a 3‐D shear velocity (Vsv) model of Precambrian terrains of South India with a lateral resolution of 55 km to a depth of 250 km by inversion of fundamental mode Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion data in the period of 30–140s, combined with a well‐constrained crustal velocity model from an earlier study. The dispersion data were computed from 748 earthquakes recorded at 85 homogeneously distributed seismographs. Our velocity model shows 150–200 km thick lithosphere in most of the Archean Dharwar craton where Vsv is >4.7 km/s in the depth of 50–100 km and progressively decreases to 4.6 km/s at 120–150 km followed by a constant velocity of 4.5 km/s beyond 150–200 km depth. It correlates well with the results of the petrological studies of kimberlite xenoliths. An extraordinary high shear velocity (up to 4.8 km/s) and thick lithosphere (150 km) are observed beneath the Proterozoic Carbonatite complex, located at the south‐eastern edge of the Dharwar craton. We infer compositional modification of lower lithosphere at the south‐western margin of the Dharwar craton and lithospheric erosion at the Granulite terrain both possibly due to interaction with the Marion mantle plume at ∼90 Ma. The region is underlain by a 2%–3% lower velocity channel at ∼180–220 km depth in the asthenosphere, uncorrelated with the overlying lithosphere, possibly due to relative motion between them. It may be attributed to deep Earth‐processes such as asthenospheric upwelling.
Stock Price Forecasting Based on Wavelet Filtering and Ensembled Machine Learning Model

Financial data are not only characterized by time-domain correlations but also heavily influenced by numerous market factors. In stock price analysis, the prediction of short-term movements is of much interest to investors and traders. In this paper, we consider forecasting price movements based on ensembled machine learning models, which is generally viewed as a challenging task due to noise components inherent in the data and uncertainties in various forms of financial information related to stock prices. To enhance the accuracy of trend predictions, we propose to use wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) and kernel-based smoothing techniques to remove high-frequency noise from the data, based on which we further perform feature engineering to obtain a comprehensive list of multidimensional technical features. Subsequently, we employ the light gradient boosting machine (lightGBM) algorithm to classify the change in the direction of the price trend that occurs in ten trading days. Numerical results on the Shanghai composite index show that the proposed approach has noticeable advantages over traditional statistical and machine learning methods when predicting near term price trends. Index terms—ensembled machine learning, feature correlation, financial data, LGBM, and wavelet denoising.
Effect of Femoral Head and Neck Osteotomy on Canines’ Functional Pelvic Position and Locomotion

Simple Summary Removal of the femoral head and neck is a common surgical procedure used to provide pain relief in dogs with severe hip-related diseases. We investigated the chronic effect of the surgery on movement and position of the pelvis. Dog owners completed a questionnaire regarding their dog’s rehabilitation. An orthopaedic examination, anatomical measurements, and pressure-sensitive walkway analysis were conducted on all of the dogs. According to the questionnaire results, nine of ten dogs had returned to normal physical activity level, and the owners of the dogs considered the outcome of the surgery to be good or excellent. However, the dogs had less muscle mass, less hip extension, and less weight bearing on the operated limb when standing. The trot of the dogs was unaffected; no differences emerged between the operated and non-operated limb regarding length of stance or swing time of step or weight bearing during step. Pelvic position did not change in a specific way; i.e., the pelvis did not tilt towards or away from the surgically treated limb. Abstract The long-term effect of femoral head and neck osteotomy (FHO) on the locomotory system of dogs was evaluated. The study comprised an owner questionnaire and an orthopaedic examination, anatomical measurements, and pressure-sensitive walkway analysis for dogs. Linear mixed effect models were used for statistical analysis. Ten dogs with a median of 2.5 years since their unilateral FHO were included. According to the questionnaire results, nine dogs had returned to a normal physical activity level. Muscle atrophy (p = 0.005), less extension in the coxofemoral joint (p = 0.003), and less static weight bearing on the FHO limb (p = 0.003) were observed. No consistent pattern regarding tilt or position of the pelvis was noted when measuring height of the tuber ischii (p = 0.39). Five of the dogs tilted away from, and five towards the FHO side when measured from the tuber sacrale with a Myrin goniometer. No differences regarding stance time, swing time, or peak pressure between the FHO and non-FHO limb were seen in trot (p = 0.70, p = 0.26, and p = 0.91, respectively). Over the long term, the FHO limb has muscle atrophy, decreased coxofemoral extension, and decreased static weight bearing. However, this does not seem to affect the trot of the dogs. Dog owners considered the outcome of surgery to be good or excellent.
Profile and Differences in Anthropometric Data and Jumping Ability Performance between Elite and Amateur U16 Volleyball Players

Research purpose. The purpose of this study is to verify if there are significant differences between different anthropometric and jumping ability variables by testing two groups of elite and amateur volleyball players (under 16) after having submitted the two groups to the same training protocol performed 4 times a week for 4 months. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 24 volleyball players divided into two groups. The following anthropometric and jumping ability parameters were assessed in all subjects: height, weight, body mass index, height with a stretched arm and height with two extended arms. The jumping ability measurement was carried out with the Vertec jump test. Results. The results of the anthropometric parameters showed significant differences between the two groups on all the variables considered: in height (p = 0.00), in weight (p = 0.00), in Vertec attack with a stretched arm, AH1 (p = 0.00) and in Vertec wall with two outstretched arms, AH2 (p = 0.01). The results of the jumping ability parameters showed significant differences between the two groups (elite and amateur): in Vertec Wall, VW (p = 0.00) and Vertec Attack with run-up, VA (p = 0.00); and a high correlation was shown for both the groups. Conclusions. Above all, in high-level youth volleyball, the anthropometric and jumping ability profile is directly linked to the evaluation; training and continuous monitoring of physical qualities and jumping ability become an important aspect for the control of performance and the possibility of selecting talented players.
The Mathematical Analysis of the New Fractional Order Ebola Model

This research study focuses on the analytical behavior and numerical computation of the fractional order Ebola model. In this study we have calculated the conditions for the existence, uniqueness, and stability of the solution with the help of the fixed point results. In addition to this, we calculated the numerical solution of the fractional order smoke model with the help two-step fractional Adam’s Bashforth method using the Caputo’s fractional derivative of order μ . Furthermore, the results obtained for different orders of the fractional derivative μ have been shown graphically with the help of Matlab.
Population dynamic models leading to logarithmic and Yule distribution

A significant field of species abundance distribution (SAD) has a population dynamical character, in which it is supposed that the stochastic speciation process and the evolution of different species are determined by the same linear birth and death process. The distributions of the number of individuals after the speciation tend to a discrete limit distribution depending on some condition if the observation time increases. In the earlier publications, in general, the speciation process was supposed to be a homogeneous Poisson process. In a more realistic case, if the speciation process is inhomogeneous Poisson, the investigation of the model is obviously more difficult. In this paper we deal with the models, in which the birth and death intensities are identical, the speciation rate is bounded, locally integrable and has asymptotically power type behaviour. Limit parameters for these models, depending on the speciation rate, are proportional to a logarithmic or (exactly or asymptotically) Yule distribution. In connection with the sample statistics some results are derived in general and also in special cases (logarithmic and Yule distribution), which are related to the random choice of a species or an individual from the whole population of the system.
Decay of the X ( 3872 ) into χ c J and the operator product expansion in effective field theory

XEFT is a low energy effective theory for the X(3872) that can be used to systematically analyze the decay and production of the X(3872) meson, assuming that it is a weakly bound state of charmed mesons. In a previous paper, we calculated the decays of X(3872) intocJ plus pions using a two-step procedure in which Heavy Hadron Chiral Perturbation Theory (HHPT) amplitudes are matched onto XEFT operators and then X(3872) decay rates are then calculated using these operators. The procedure leads to IR divergences in the three-body decay X(3872) → �cJ�� when virtual D mesons can go on-shell in tree level HHPT diagrams. In previous work, we regulated these IR divergences with the D ∗0 width. In this work, we carefully analyze X(3872) → �cJ� 0 and X(3872) → �cJ�� using the operator product expansion (OPE) in XEFT. Forward scattering amplitudes in HHPT are matched onto local operators in XEFT, the imaginary parts of which are responsible for the decay of the X(3872). Here we show that the IR divergences are regulated by the binding momentum of the X(3872) rather than the width of the D ∗0 meson. In the OPE, these IR divergences cancel in the calculation of the matching coefficients so the correct predictions for the X(3872) → �c1�� do not receive enhancements due to the width of the D ∗0 . We give updated predictions for the decay X(3872) → �c1�� at leading order in XEFT.
ATP serves two distinct roles in protein degradation in reticulocytes, one requiring and one independent of ubiquitin

Protein degradation in rabbit reticulocytes is a nonlysosomal process requiring ATP. Recently, appreciable evidence has been presented that ATP is required for the covalent binding of the polypeptide ubiquitin to epsilon-amino groups on protein substrates. To test whether linkage of ubiquitin to substrates is required for ATP-dependent proteolysis, the amino groups of 3H-methyl-casein and denatured 125I-bovine serum albumin (BSA) were completely (93-99%) blocked by methylation, acetylation, carbamylation, or succinylation. In each case, the proteins lacking amino groups were still degraded by an ATP-stimulated process, although these various treatments altered absolute rates of proteolysis and reduced the magnitude of the ATP stimulation (two- to fourfold) below that seen measured with the unmodified substrates. When ubiquitin was removed by ion exchange chromatography, ATP still stimulated breakdown of casein and carbamylated casein twofold. The addition of ubiquitin in the presence of ATP caused a further twofold increase in the hydrolysis of unmodified casein but did not affect the degradation of casein lacking amino groups. Thus ubiquitin conjugation to substrates appears important in the breakdown of certain substrates (especially of BSA), but this reaction is not essential for ATP- stimulated proteolysis. The ATP-activated step that is independent of ubiquitin probably is also involved in the degradation of unblocked proteins, since both processes require Mg++ and ATP hydrolysis and are inhibited by hemin but not by protoporphyrin IX. These results suggest that ATP has distinct roles at different steps in the degradative pathway.
Nonequilibrium steady states of matrix-product form: a solver's guide

We consider the general problem of determining the steady state of stochastic nonequilibrium systems such as those that have been used to model (among other things) biological transport and traffic flow. We begin with a broad overview of this class of driven-diffusive systems—which includes exclusion processes—focusing on interesting physical properties, such as shocks and phase transitions. We then turn our attention specifically to those models for which the exact distribution of microstates in the steady state can be expressed in a matrix-product form. In addition to a gentle introduction to this matrix-product approach, how it works and how it relates to similar constructions that arise in other physical contexts, we present a unified, pedagogical account of the various means by which the statistical mechanical calculations of macroscopic physical quantities are actually performed. We also review a number of more advanced topics, including nonequilibrium free-energy functionals, the classification of exclusion processes involving multiple particle species, existence proofs of a matrix-product state for a given model and more complicated variants of the matrix-product state that allow various types of parallel dynamics to be handled. We conclude with a brief discussion of open problems for future research.
Computing with Cells and Atoms: An Introduction to Quantum, DNA and Membrane Computing

1. Prerequisites 1.1. Preliminary Notions and Notations 1.2. Operations on Strings and Languages 1.3. A General Computing Framework 1.4. Chomsky Grammars 1.5. Lindenmayer Systems 1.6. Automata and Transducers 1.7. Characterizations of Computably Enumerable Languages 1.8. Universal Turing Machines and Type-0 Grammars 1.9. Complexity 1.10. Bibliographic Notes 2. DNA Computing 2.1 The Structure of DNA 2.2. Complementarity Induces Computational Completeness 2.3. Operations on DNA Molecules 2.4. Adleman's Experiment 2.5. Other DNA Solutions to NP Complete Problems 2.6. A Two-dimensional Generalization 2.7. Computing by Carving 2.8. Sticker Systems 2.9 Extended H-Systems 2.10 Controlled H-Systems 2.11 Distributed H-Systems 2.12 Bibliographic Notes 3. Membrane Computing 3.1 P Systems with Labeled Membranes 3.2. Examples 3.3. The Power of P Systems 3.4. Decidability Results 3.5. Rewriting P Systms 3.6. P Systems with Polarized Membranes 3.7. Normal Forms 3.8. P Systems on Asymmetric Graphs 3.9. P Systems with Active Membranes 3.10. Splicing P Systems 3.11 Variants, Problems, Conjectures 3.12 Bibliographic Notes 4. Quantum Computing 4.1. Church-Turing Thesis 4.2 Computation is Physical 4.3. Reversible Computation 4.4. The Copy Computer 4.5. Maxwell's Demon 4.6. Quantum World 4.7 Bits and Quibits 4.8. Quantum Calculus 4.9. Quibit Evolution 4.10 No Cloning Theorem 4.11. Measurements 4.12 Zeno Machines 4.13 Inexhaustible Uncertainty 4.14. Randomness 4.15. The EPR Conundrum and Bell's Theorem 4.16. Quantum Logic 4.17. Have Quantum Propositions Classical Meaning? 4.18 Quantum Computers 4.19 Quantum Algorithms 4.20 Quantum Complexity 4.21 Quantum Cryptography 4.22 Information and Teleportation 4.23 Computing the Uncomputable 4.24 Bibliographic Notes 5. Final Remarks 6. Bibliography 7. Index
On reducing principles to rules

According to the research principles of the tradition established by Noam Chomsky, one should always try to get rid of construction specific rules. In Bare Phrase Structure he has carried this out to the extreme for the basic generative component now known as X-bar-syntax. Based on this example, we will examine the dialectics between specific rules and conditions on rules or principles. We will show that there is a two-way reduction, one from rules to conditions on rules, and the other from conditions on rules to specific rules. As an effect of this reduction, a particular linguistic theory can be presented alternatively as a set of rules or as an axiomatic extension of the logical theory of all phrase structure trees—or in fact a suitable mixture of the two. Although this reduction is a purely formal one—and therefore less interesting for a linguist subscribing to the Principles and Parameters approach—it offers the possibility to draw on a large array of results both from logic and from ordinary formal language theory.
Demo Abstract: A Sensorless Drone-based System for Mapping Indoor 3D Airflow Gradients

With the global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, ventilation indoors is becoming increasingly important in preventing the spread of airborne viruses. However, while sensors exist to measure wind speed and airflow gradients, they must be manually held by a human or an autonomous vehicle, robot, or drone that moves around the space to build an airflow map of the environment. In this demonstration, we present DAE, a novel drone-based system that can automatically navigate and estimate air flow in a space without the need of additional sensors attached onto the drone. DAE directly utilizes the flight controller data that all drones use to self-stabilize in the air to estimate airflow. DAE estimates airflow gradients in a room based on how the flight controller adjusts the motors on the drone to compensate external perturbations and air currents, without the need for attaching additional wind or airflow sensors. © 2022 Owner/Author.