Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systematic corrections in Bragg x‐ray diffraction of flat and curved crystals

Measurements of spectral wavelengths in Bragg diffraction from crystals often require refractive index corrections to allow a detailed comparison of experiment with theory. These corrections are typically 100–300 ppm in the x‐ray regime, and simple estimates may sometimes be accurate to 5% or better. The inadequacies of these estimates are discussed. Even with a possibly improved index of refraction estimate, this correction is insufficient since additional systematics in the diffraction process occur at or above this level. For example, asymmetries of diffraction profiles with π‐polarized radiation or due to three‐beam diffraction can approach the magnitude of refractive index corrections for flat or curved crystals. The depth of penetration of the x‐ray field inside curved crystals, the shift of the mean angle to the diffracting planes, and lateral shifts around the crystal surface are rarely considered but can dominate over refractive index corrections, particularly for high‐order diffraction or medium‐energy x rays. Shifts and nonlinearities arise when diffracting surfaces lie off the Rowland circle, and exhibit strong and rapidly varying angular dependencies. Johann geometries with the source located on the Rowland circle should be avoided to minimize profile truncation shifts from crystal ranges or minimum grazing angles, and to avoid extreme scaling corrections. Other significant shifts are identified and illustrated, with functional relations provided to allow an estimation of related magnitudes. The central concerns of this paper are the effects on flat crystal diffraction and curved crystal diffraction in the Johann geometry, with a source and crystal of variable dimensions and location. Experiments often interpolate or extrapolate from calibration lines, so dependencies upon the diffracting angle are as important as the magnitude of the corrections. These dependencies are presented in formulas and graphs.
Factors Influencing Knowledge Sharing in Software Development:A Case Study at Volvo Cars IT Torslanda

Software development industry is noted for its innovative IT products. This is due to the focus on knowledge sharing as a key driver for the creation of innovations. However, the handling of organisational factors that influence knowledge sharing in many organisations is far from being complete. This study seeks to explore the organisational factors that have positive and significant impacts on knowledge sharing. A case study was carried out at Volvo Cars IT (VCIT), Torslanda. Software development professionals were asked to identify their perspectives on organisational factors that influence knowledge sharing. Their accounts were recorded as text using workshops and interviews. Data were condensed thematically. Our research shows that: “social relations and network”, “physical closeness to colleagues”, “no stupid question culture”, “mutual exchange” “interest and work involvement”, “satisfaction of helping each other”, “being listened to and taken seriously”, and “satisfaction from personal goal” are the different perspectives that the software development professionals have regarding the organisational factors that influence knowledge sharing at VCIT.
The Impact of Electronic Customer Relationship Management on Improving Marketing Performance of Private Banks

Successful organizations are always looking for new techniques and tools as competitive advantage to achieve the development and continuous improvement. One of these tools is customer relationship management that with development of communication and technologies, today would be described as electronic customer relationship management. ECRM effective implementation can increase customer satisfaction, loyalty and their attraction and in result more sales and repeat purchase. Studies have shown that ECRM system deployment will lead to improve marketing performance. This study is discussed to investigate the impact of electronic customer relationship management (ECRM) on improving marketing performance in the banking industry. To establish ECRM system is considered three independent variables including appropriate processes, the quality of customer data, technology and ECRM systems and marketing performance is considered two dependent variable including improving customer behavior performance and improving financial performance. After the study of relevant literature, six hypotheses were formulated that analyzes using inferential statistic. Data required to measure mentioned variables were collected by questionnaire containing 28 items as field in branches of private bank such as Parsian, Pasargad and Eghtesad Novin in Guilan (Iran). The sampling method in this study is a random sampling and statistical population is considered 112 managers and experts from the private banks of Parsian, Pasargadae and Eghtesad Novin in Guilan that is selected 92 samples. To investigate the relationships between variables and testing hypotheses were used confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis and considering that the data have normal distribution, Pearson's test was used to assess relationships between variables and analysis was done using software of LISEREL. Analysis results show that confidence level 95% of all research hypotheses were confirmed and appropriate processes has greatest impact on improving customer behavior performance in private banks of Guilan province.
Defense Spending and Income Inequality: Evidence from Selected Asian Countries

This paper examines the causality between defense spending and income inequality in selected Asian countries namely Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Philippines, India and South Korea for the period 1970-2005. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing procedure is employed to (1) analyze the impact of defense spending on income inequality and (2) the impact of income inequality on defense spending as well. Interestingly our results indicate one way causality running from defense spending to income inequality only for the case of Malaysia and bidirectional causality for the case of Singapore. As for the remaining countries, no meaningful relationship could be detected and it can be seen as sign of good governance in these countries.
Performance of field-emitting resonating carbon nanotubes as radio-frequency demodulators

We report on a systematic study of the use of resonating nanotubes in a field emission (FE) configuration to demodulate radio frequency signals. We particularly concentrate on how the demodulation depends on the variation of the field amplification factor during resonance. Analytical formulas describing the demodulation are derived as functions of the system parameters. Experiments using AM and FM demodulations in a transmission electron microscope are also presented with a determination of all the pertinent experimental parameters. Finally we discuss the use of CNTs undergoing FE as nanoantennae and the different geometries that could be used for optimization and implementation. © 2011 American Physical Society.
Classed attitudes and social reform in cross-national perspective: a quantitative analysis using four waves from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP)

This article attempts to forge new links between social attitudes and social policy change in Australia. Drawing on four survey waves of international social survey data and using multivariable regression analysis, this article sheds new light on the determinants of Australian attitudes towards the welfare state in a comparative perspective. It examines their variations across time and social groupings and then compares Australian welfare attitudes with those found in other leading western economies. While there is popular support for government actions to protect Australian citizens in old age and sickness, views about social protection and labour market policy for the working-age population are divided. The comparative analysis and the focus on class-attitude linkages allows for further critical reflection on the nature of social relations and recent social reforms enacted by the Liberal-National coalition government.
Single-particle Cryo-EM of Biological Macromolecules

S LECTURES & POSTERS Page Plenary Session . 1-2 Parallel Sessions: Life Sciences I & II . 3-18 Materials Science I & II . 19-26 Posters: Life Sciences (P-1 – P-26) . 27-52 Materials Science (P-27 – P-44) . 53-69 Micrographs Competition (P-45 – P-49) . 70-73
How polycentric is a monocentric city? Centers, spillovers and hysteresis

We assess the extent to which firms in an environment of decreasing transport costs and industrial transformation value the benefits of proximity to a historic CBD and agglomeration economies in their location decisions. Taking a hybrid perspective of classical bid-rent theory and a world where clustering of economic activity is driven by between-firm spillovers, Berlin, Germany, from 1890 to 1936 serves as a case in point. Our results suggest that the average productivity effect of a doubling of between- firm spillovers over the study period increases from 3.5% to 8.3%. As the city transforms into a service-based economy, several micro agglomerations emerge. Their locations close to the CBD still make the city look roughly monocentric. This is in line with a hysteresis effect in which second-nature geography drives the ongoing strength of a historic city center even though the importance of the originally relevant first-nature geography has vanished.
Effect of image charges in the drain delay of AlGaN∕GaN high electron mobility transistors

The drain delay in AlGaN∕GaN submicron high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) accounts for almost 25% of the total electron delay. This long delay significantly limits the maximum frequency performance and linearity of these devices. This paper studies the origin of this important delay assuming that it is inversely proportional to α, a parameter related to how injected channel electrons image at different contacts in the HEMT. Through analysis and two-dimensional simulations, we have found that α equals 3 in a standard HEMT. This value has been confirmed experimentally through the coupling of Monte Carlo simulations and drain delay measurements.
Sport and exercise 408 Th Stress and anxiety in sport

JAN GRAYDON looks beyond the yips and the jitters. TO any sportsperson the debilitative effects of high anxiety are only too familiar, and can range in severity from butterflies in the stomach to a fullblown panic attack. Over the years many hypotheses, theories and explanations have been advanced to try to describe and understand the relationship between stress, anxiety and performance in sport. In this article I assess the research and the comments of participants in sport themselves.
Effects of xanthan gum and guar gum on the quality and storage stability of gluten free frozen dough bread

In cereals, gluten is a storage protein in endosperm. The necessity of gluten free products is increasing, due to the increase in the celiac patients. The objective of the study was to developed gluten free bread by using sorghum, corn and rice flours. It also focuses on the effects of freezing storage and baking performance of frozen dough and an overview of the activities of dough improvers, including emulsifiers, hydrocolloids and other improvers used in frozen dough. Composite flour containing sorghum flour 150g, corn flour 50g, and rice flour 50g was found best for the preparation of gluten free frozen dough bread. Gums (xanthan gum, guar gum) used in different proportions in different treatments for best result. On the basis of sensory characteristics (taste, texture, flavor, appearance, color, and overall acceptability) and physical analysis (Loaves volume, water activity, texture, and color) best treatment was selected. T0 was the control treatment while T1, T2 having 1% and 2% xanthan gum respectively. T3 and T4 have 1% and 2% guar gum respectively. T4 treatment was the best treatment according to different parameters of analysis.
Antioxidant potential and total phenolic contents of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) pomace

ABSTRACT Introduction: Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L., Elaeagnaceae) is an important medicinal resource found in abundance in Indian subcontinent especially the North Western Himalayan regions and all parts of the plant are rich in bioactive substances. Methods: The antioxidative activity of three different extracts (100% Methanolic, 70% Methanolic, 100% Aqueous) of pomace were evaluated by various in vitro methods such as ABTS, DPPH, nitric oxide, reducing power, superoxide and hydroxyl radical. Total phenolic contents were determined spectrophometrically. Results: The 100% methanolic extract showed higher recovery (11%) and total phenolic contents (302.72 ± 4.17 mg of GAE/gm of extract), as compared to the other extracts. All the extracts were able to scavenge different in vitro radicals i.e. ABTS, DPPH, superoxide, hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals, in a concentration dependent manner. The IC 50 values, determined by using linear regression analysis, revealed that 100% methanolic extract was better scavenger of ABTS, DPPH and hydroxyl radicals. However, 70% methanolic extract was better scavenger of superoxide and nitric oxide radicals. The reducing power of the extracts was also found in a dose dependent manner and was higher in methanolic extracts (100% and 70%). Conclusion: On the basis of present study, it could be concluded that pomace of seabuckthorn has pronounced antioxidant properties and can be incorporated in the feed as a nutraceutical after conducting safety and toxicological studies.
Behavior and appearance cram of Android Robot for HRI

- Human–robot interaction is the study of interactions between humans and robots. Human–robot interaction(HRI) is a multidisciplinary field with aid from human–computer interaction, design, robotics, artificial intelligence, natural language understanding, and social sciences. This is basic setback in robot development is its appearance and behavior. Namely, not only the performance but also the look of a robot influences human-robot interaction. However, there is no approach to overcome this problem. In order to utter this problem, we propose an android robot that has similar appearance as humans and several actuators generating micro behaviors.
Two of what? A conceptual analysis of dual‑process theories of the social mind

In J. W. Sherman, B. Gawronski, & Y. Trope (Eds.). (2014). Dual-process theories of the social mind (pp. 3-19). New York, NY: Guilford Press. Chapter 1 Two of What? A Conceptual Analysis of Dual‑Process Theories Bertram Gawronski, Jeffrey W. Sherman, and Yaacov Trope The emergence of dual-­ process theories is probably one of the most significant theo- retical developments in the history of social psychology. The overarching assumption of dual-­process theorizing is that the men- tal processes underlying social phenomena can be divided into two distinct categories depending on whether they operate in an automatic or nonautomatic fashion. 1 Over the past decades, dual-­process theories have made important contributions in virtu- ally all areas of social psychology, and this volume showcases the most recent devel- opments since Chaiken and Trope’s (1999) seminal volume, Dual-­Process Theories in Social Psychology. Despite the ubiquity of dual-­process theo- ries in social psychology, their conceptual foundations have also been the subject of ongoing debates. In this chapter, we pro- vide a metatheoretical analysis that aims at clarifying the explanatory function of dual-­ process theories, the conceptual nature of their underlying dualities, and structural features that characterize different types of dual-­ process theories. Expanding on this analysis, we discuss the criticism that dual-­process theories are unfalsifiable and whether the realm of mental processes can indeed be divided into two distinct catego- ries. Our conclusion is that dual-­ process theories have provided vital insights into the mental underpinnings of social phenomena. However, their explanatory and predic- tive value depends on (1) a clear distinction between operating principles and operating conditions, (2) conceptual rigor in the defi- nition of the proposed dualities, (3) precise formulations of empirical hypotheses about covariations between processing duali- ties, and (4) clearly specified links between the hypothesized mental processes and the causal relations between stimuli and behav- ior they are supposed to explain. Expanding on this analysis, we conclude with a brief outlook on emerging themes and future directions in dual-­process theorizing. Explanatory Function A useful framework to clarify the explana- tory function of dual-­ process theories is Marr’s (1982) distinction among three lev- els of analysis in psychological research: the computational level, the algorithmic level, and the implementational level. Accord- ing to Marr, research at the computational level is concerned with identifying rela- tions between inputs (i.e., stimuli and their broader contexts) and outputs (i.e., judg- ments and behavior). The overarching goal of research at the computational level is to identify which types of inputs produce Sherman_DualProcessTheoriesSocialMind. indb 3 1/2/2014 12:56:47 PM
The Relationship between the Halosperm Assay and Semen AnalysisPerformed According to the 4th and the 5th Editions of the World HealthOrganization Guidelines

Background: As a standard reference to evaluate male factor infertility, the majority of fertility laboratories use the 4th or 5th Editions of the World Health Organization’s semen analysis guidelines. Following the release of the 5th Edition, debate over its legitimacy has resulted in some laboratories using the 4th and others the 5th Edition. DNA integrity tests have been shown to be a valuable adjunct to semen analysis and have subsequently been adopted by many fertility laboratories. This study explored the prevalence of samples with high DNA fragmentation levels according to semen analysis categories using both the 4th and the 5th Edition reference ranges. Materials and Methods: The study included 905 consecutive semen samples from 863 infertile couples attending a fertility clinic. A semen analysis was conducted according to both the 4th and 5th Edition guidelines published by the World Health Organization. DNA damage was assessed using the Halosperm G2 test kit and expressed as a percentage DNA fragmentation level. Results: Alongside both the World Health Organization 4th and 5th Edition semen analysis criteria abnormal DNA fragmentation levels were more common in abnormal semen samples however elevated DNA fragmentation levels were also found in normal semen samples using the same criteria. Of the samples that were graded as normozoospermic according to the 5th Edition guidelines 16% were deemed to have elevated DNA fragmentation levels compared to 11.7% graded by the 4th Edition guidelines. The number of normozoospermic samples, graded according to the 5th Edition guidelines was significantly higher (n=697) than when the same samples were graded according to 4th Edition guidelines (n=385) (p=0.001). A significant proportion of samples with an abnormal DNA fragmentation level corresponding to the World Health Organisation 4th and 5th Edition criteria were evident in normozoospermic (p <0.05), normoteratozoospermic (p=<0.005) and normoasthenozoospermic (p<0.05) samples. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that abnormal DNA fragmentation levels are proportionate to the World Health Organisation semen analysis criteria with fragmentation levels increasing according to the increasing number of semen analysis abnormalities. In some cases however, abnormal fragmentation levels were recorded when semen analysis was normal and normal fragmentation levels were recorded where the semen analysis was considered abnormal.
Terrestrial Planet Finder: science overview

The Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) seeks to revolutionize our understanding of humanity's place in the universe - by searching for Earth-like planets using reflected light, or thermal emission in the mid-infrared. Direct detection implies that TPF must separate planet light from glare of the nearby star, a technical challenge which has only in recent years been recognized as surmountable. TPF will obtain a low-resolution spectra of each planet it detects, providing some of its basic physical characteristics and its main atmospheric constituents, thereby allowing us to assess the likelihood that habitable conditions exist there. NASA has decided the scientific importance of this research is so high that TPF will be pursued as two complementary space observatories: a visible-light coronagraph and a mid-infrared formation-flying interferometer. The combination of spectra from both wavebands is much more valuable than either taken separately, and it will allow a much fuller understanding of the wide diversity of planetary atmospheres that may be expected to exist. Measurements across a broad wavelength range will yield not only physical properties such as size and albedo, but will also serve as the foundations of a reliable and robust assessment of habitability and the presence of life.
Testing the Lucas critique for the Turkish money demand function

This paper aims to test the prevalence of the Lucas critique by use of an applied modelling approach. The Turkish narrow money demand is chosen for investigation purposes and an extensive statistical-based econometric application has been carried out to observe whether the model in question has been exposed to the content of such a critique. The results confirm the theory to explain the behavioral foundations of aggregate monetary economics approaches and reveal that no evidence can be found in favor of the non-rejection of the Lucas critique that leads us to infer that the modelling attempt can be considered by the researcher a feedback model which is able to encompass a whole class of expectation models.
Large-strain-induced magnetic properties of Co electrodeposited on nanoporous Au

Nanostructured Co with large lattice extension and contraction was produced by electrodepositing Co on nanoporous Au. The Co deposited showed a low magnetic saturation of 76 emu/g and a high coercivity of 462 Oe. First-principles calculations showed that the magnetic moment of a Co atom is significantly decreased by lattice contraction. Therefore, the noteworthy magnetic properties of the Co deposited are attributed to the large lattice strain. Also, molecular dynamics simulation showed that the lattice extension and contraction of about 10% are generated in the overall Co crystal. This is in agreement with the experimental results of HRTEM observation. The constraint of the movement of Co atoms by the concave structure of nanoporous Au leads to a wide spread of large strain region.