Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Iterative Data Augmentation for Neural Machine Translation: a Low Resource Case Study for English-Telugu

Telugu is the fifteenth most commonly spoken language in the world with an estimated reach of 75 million people in the Indian subcontinent. At the same time, it is a severely low resourced language. In this paper, we present work on English–Telugu general domain machine translation (MT) systems using small amounts of parallel data. The baseline statistical (SMT) and neural MT (NMT) systems do not yield acceptable translation quality, mostly due to limited resources. However, the use of synthetic parallel data (generated using back translation, based on an NMT engine) significantly improves translation quality and allows NMT to outperform SMT. We extend back translation and propose a new, iterative data augmentation (IDA) method. Filtering of synthetic data and IDA both further boost translation quality of our final NMT systems, as measured by BLEU scores on all test sets and based on state-of-the-art human evaluation.
A functional -cognitive study of particle and verb in "come out"

Partindo-se do pressuposto de que as estruturas linguisticas nao sao arbitrarias, mas altamentemotivadas, este estudo analisou o multi-word verb COME OUT da lingua inglesa, a luz daLinguistica Cognitivo-funcional, para verificar como o verbo e a particula contribuem para ossentidos desse multi-word verb nos diferentes contextos em que ele e empregado. Para tanto,dados empiricos foram extraidos do Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) euma selecao aleatoria de 579 ocorrencias desse multi-word verb foi extraida pelo software R.A escolha desse multi-word verb deu-se em funcao dele ser o mais frequente no Corpus com aparticula OUT e uma analise qualitativa foi realizada. A nocao de esquemas imageticosamplia-se para alem daquela proposta por Lakoff and Johnson (1987) e inclui no arcaboucoteorico no qual se baseia este trabalho a nocao de spatial primitives e schematicintegrations (Mandler and Canovas, 2014). Alem dos conceitos de image schema, esteestudo investigou de que forma os muitos significados da preposicao OUT se expandem dodominio espacial para o dominio abstrato, tendo em vista a teoria de metaforas conceituais,incluindo a nocao de metaforas primarias (Grady, 1997), alem de empregar os conceitos deTrajector e Landmark. Com base nesse construto teorico, buscou-se responder asseguintes perguntas: de que maneira os significados concretos e abstratos de OUTcorrespondem ao esquema de contenimento? ; a identificacao do TR e LM podem revelaralgum padrao para a particula OUT em COME OUT? ; ha alguma relacao entre as estruturasesquematicas mais primitivas [primitives] (Mandler & Canovas, 2014) e a linguagemmetaforica encontrada nos dados empiricos? ; quais metaforas conceptuais subjazem osmapeamentos do dominio fonte para o dominio alvo? Os resultados indicaram para uma forterelacao entre o esquema de contenimento e as estruturas linguisticas observadas, tanto nodominio concreto quanto no abstrato. Entretanto, a nocao de container como uma regiaodemarcada (bounded region) pareceu nao ser compativel com os contextos observados para aparticula OUT no multi-word verb analisado. Os dados linguisticos apontaram para umalinhamento entre os primeiros esquemas (primitives) e a formacao de estruturasmetaforicas advindas desses esquemas.
Harnessing Frequency and Language Features for Keyword Extraction on E-commerce Platforms

Automatic keyword extraction has become essential with the growing number of internet resources. This method aims to extract quality keywords that are relevant to products in e-commerce platforms. The problem with e-commerce products is that there are wide ranges of categories in which a product can be in it. We propose a technique to improve the extraction of keywords from products information for the e-commerce systems by applying both frequency-based and language-based features. For frequency-based features, we consider the fact that products in the same category may have popular keywords which are different from other frequency-based features. For language-based features, different types of noun phrases are extracted and ranked accordingly. In this work, the proposed category-based document frequency is combined with the traditional TFIDF and noun phrases ranking. The approach is evaluated using product descriptions from Amazon. The results show that our approach performs better than the traditional TFIDF and RAKE by at least 10 percent on various categories of e-commerce products.
Face a robot

Artifizielle Identitaten aus Menschenhand sind seit Beginn schriftlicher Uberliefungen eine alltagliche kulturelle Erscheinung. Charakteristischerweise zeigt sich der (aufgeklarte) Schopferwille heute betont technisch und scheint theoretisch gleichzeitig aber immer noch einem latenten, psychologischen Mangel zu entspringen: Dem Gefuhl des Abgespaltenseins von einem (gottlichen) Ursprung und dessen Sehnsucht nach akkurater Kompensation mittels der ingeniosen Evolutions- und Technowissenschaft. Den lyrisch-literarischen, durchaus mechanisch gemeinten Androidenkonstruktionen antiker Gotter folgend, beginnt der Mensch vor allem im Monotheismus als aufmerksamer Glaubensschuler anorganische, ihrer Dinglichkeit nach jedoch fruchtbare Materie durch gottliche Schriftzeichen oder Wortlautcodes zu beleben. In der Folge emanzipiert sich der Mensch vom religiosen Okkultismus und wird selbst zum alchemistischen, spater rein arithmetischen Erbauer-Idol. Im Sinne einer selbstreflexiven Abbildfunktion bedingt der Korper des menschlichen Urhebers hierbei die ideelle sowie maschinelle Entwicklungsweise von Robotern und Cyborgs. Daraus resultiert eine diesem adaquate, zumeist human-somatische Reprasentationsform. Trotzdem oder gerade deshalb offerieren nicht nur die neueren kunst- und kulturwissenschaftlichen Medien diesbezuglich ein breites, vielschichtiges Spektrum an Darstellungsmoglichkeiten. Fur die naturgegeben relativ junge Forschungsszene zu diesem komplexen Themengebiet und dessen interdisziplinaren Bezugswissenschaften ware eine noch engere Zusammenarbeit bzw. zunehmende Transdisziplinaritat, unter der Einbeziehung bisher ungewohnter Perspektiven, einem wunschenswerten Neugewinn an Erkenntnissen zweifellos dienlich. Im Fokus des geisteswissenschaftlichen, philosophischen Standpunkts steht neben der Interpretation des Mensch-Maschine-Verhaltnisses aus seiner Umwelt und sich selbst heraus, vor allem auch die politisch-feministische Geschlechterdebatte rund um die Cyborgfigur und deren neue Machtposition. Diesbezuglich untersucht wird die ideengeschichtliche Herausbildung des Roboters und Kunstmenschen mittels zum Teil bereits traditionell festgelegter, vom Schrifttum ubernommener Formtypen. Die genannten Schwerpunkte der Forschung konnen aussichtsvoll erweitert werden: Anhand jener hier praktizierten, kunsthistorischen, vergleichenden Werkanalyse von bildendem Kunstschaffen mittels zeitgenossischer, multimedialer Roboterkreationen im weiteren Sinne und ihrer diesbezuglichen Induktion wesentlicher – sprich theoretisch-originarer – Einflusssequenzen in gedanklicher, konzeptioneller, formalasthetischer und materialsemantischer Hinsicht.
User-driven innovation: scale development and validation

Abstract In dynamic business environments entrepreneurs increasingly strive to customise new products/services to displayed and latent user needs. User-driven innovation (U.D.I.) aims to incorporate user needs by giving users an active role in the innovation process. Despite the growing interest of researchers in U.D. I. , empirical evidence remains scarce, because of a lack of a psychometrically sound instrument to enhance insight into U.D. I. This paper derives an integrative definition of U.D. I. from different U.D. I. research streams and proposes a model with three distinctive dimensions of U.D. I. : user involvement, searching feedback and design orientation. Three consecutive studies result in a 13-item U.D. I. scale with appropriate reliability, dimensionality, convergent and discriminant validity. Pilot studies include researchers, entrepreneurs and practitioners. The main study comprises data of 357 S.M. E.s. The analyses confirm the multidimensionality of the proposed construct. This study contributes to existing research of U.D. I. in entrepreneurship by addressing the multidimensional nature of U.D. I. with a new research instrument. The proposed U.D. I. scale can be used in future investigations of U.D. I. The construct is informative also for practitioners in introducing U.D. I. to their companies.
MERGING BATHYMETRIC AND OPTICAL CUES FOR IN-DETAIL INSPECTION OF AN UNDERWATER SHIPWRECK M 6

We present a multimodal representation for mapping old underwater shipwrecks, in which bathymetric and optical data are joined together in a single 3D model. We use 3D smoothing and decimation techniques in order to alleviate possible aberrations on the original data and generate a light weight faithful representation respectively. The generated model can be visualized in common 3D CAD tools for further exploration and manipulation.
CHAPTER 1 Domain Perturbation for Linear and Semi-Linear Boundary Value Problems

This is a survey on elliptic boundary value problems on varying domains and tools needed for that. Such problems arise in numerical analysis, in shape optimisation problems and in the investigation of the solution structure of nonlinear elliptic equations. The methods are also useful to obtain certain results for equations on non-smooth domains by approximation by smooth domains. Domain independent estimates and smoothing properties are an essential tool to deal with domain perturbation problems, especially for non-linear equations. Hence we discuss such estimates extensively, together with some abstract results on linear operators. A second major part deals with specific domain perturbation results for linear equations with various boundary conditions. We completely characterise convergence for Dirichlet boundary conditions and also give simple sufficient conditions. We then prove boundary homogenisation results for Robin boundary conditions on domains with fast oscillating boundaries, where the boundary condition changes in the limit. We finally mention some simple results on problems with Neumann boundary conditions. The final part is concerned about non-linear problems, using the Leray-Schauder degree to prove the existence of solutions on slightly perturbed domains. We also demonstrate how to use the approximation results to get solutions to nonlinear equations on unbounded domains.
Routing and Slot Allocation in 5 G Hard Slicing Nicolas Huin

5G networks will enable the creation of network slices to serve very different user requirements. Flex Ethernet (FlexE) is a standard technology that provides strict isolation between slices, also called hard slicing, by allocating capacity slots of physical links to slices. The resulting resource allocation problem is called Routing and Slot Allocation problem (RSA). We first prove that this problem is NP-hard and cannot be approximated. Then, we develop two matheuristics to efficiently solve the problem, by leveraging on a combination of Column Generation and Gauss Seidel procedures. The numerical evaluation, carried out by comparing the two matheuristics against a greedy algorithm over a realistic IP-RAN networks, shows an optimality gap smaller than 7%, while reducing the reservation cost by 4% compared to the greedy algorithm.
Modular Power Architectures for Microgrid Clusters – Invited Paper –

One of the most important elements in microgrids is the configuration architecture which includes installed capacity, devices location, converter topologies, as well as system control and management strategies. Reliability, security and stability in microgrids require global communication systems in order to provide information for management, supervision, and protection purposes. In this paper, the main objective is to reveal the reasons leading to unreliability and insecurity in microgrids systems, and to propose a generic modular concept which is conceived from the viewpoint of a unified system. The user-frame concept proposed here when designing microgrids considers that the end-user is the basis for the geographical deployment. Meanwhile, a modular user-oriented approach is adopted in order to enhance reliability and expansibility. Finally, a unified dispatching and hierarchical management approach is proposed and evaluated to effectively optimize and manage modular microgrid architectures.
Towards improving precision in South African demersal trawl survey indices using geostatistical GLMMs

Page 1 of 18 Towards improving precision in South African demersal trawl survey indices using geostatistical GLMMs Henning Winker, James Thorson, Tracy Fairweather, Rob Leslie, Deon Durholtz a DAFF Department for Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa b Fisheries Resource Assessment and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA
rotozoan and bacterial pathogens in tick salivary glands in wild and omestic animal environments in South Africa

A total of 7364 ticks belonging to 13 species was collected from 64 game animals (belonging to 11 species) and from 64 livestock animals (cattle and sheep) living in close vicinity at 6 localities in 3 South African Provinces (Free State, Mpumalanga, and Limpopo). The geographic distribution of all tick species was congruent with the literature except for Haemaphysalis silacea. From each infested host, a maximum of 10 males and 10 females of each tick species were dissected to isolate the salivary glands. Salivary glands were screened for tick-borne pathogens using polymerase chain reaction followed by reverse line blotting and sequencing. This approach allowed us to evaluate the exposure of wild and domestic hosts to tick-borne pathogens in their respective environments. Among the 2117 examined ticks, 329 (15.5%), belonging to 8 species, were infected and harboured 397 infections. Among those, 57.7% were identified to species level and were assigned to 23 pathogen species of the genera Babesia, Theileria, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia. In 3 out of 6 localities, salivary glands from ticks infesting wild ruminants displayed significantly higher infection prevalence and pathogen mean density than salivary glands from abesia
PR ] 2 J un 2 01 6 Asymptotics of self-similar growth-fragmentation processes

Markovian growth-fragmentation processes introduced in [8, 9] extend the pure-fragmentation model by allowing the fragments to grow larger or smaller between dislocation events. What becomes of the known asymptotic behaviors of self-similar pure fragmentations [6, 11, 12, 14] when growth is added to the fragments is a natural question that we investigate in this paper. Our results involve the terminal value of some additive martingales whose uniform integrability is an essential requirement. Dwelling first on the homogeneous case [8], we exploit the connection with branching random walks and in particular the martingale convergence of Biggins [18, 19] to derive precise asymptotic estimates. The self-similar case [9] is treated in a second part; under the so called Malthusian hypotheses and with the help of several martingale-flavored features recently developed in [10], we obtain limit theorems for empirical measures of the fragments.
An improved state-parameter analysis of ecosystem models using data assimilation

Much of the effort spent in developing data assimilation methods for carbon dynamics analysis has focused on estimating optimal values for either model parameters or state variables. The main weakness of estimating parameter values alone (i.e., without consider ing state variables) is that all errors from input, output, and model structure are attributed to model parameter uncertainties. On the other hand, the accuracy of estimating state vari ables may be lowered if the temporal evolution of parameter values is not incorporated This research develops a smoothed ensemble Kalman filter (SEnKF) by combining ensemble Kalman filter with kernel smoothing technique. SEnKF has following characteristics: (1) to estimate simultaneously the model states and parameters through concatenating unknown parameters and state variables into a joint state vector; (2) to mitigate dramatic, sudden changes of parameter values in parameter sampling and parameter evolution process, and control narrowing of parameter variance which results in filter divergence through adjust ing smoothing factor in kernel smoothing algorithm; (3) to assimilate recursively data into the model and thus detect possible time variation of parameters; and (4) to address properly various sources of uncertainties stemming from input, output and parameter uncertainties The SEnKF is tested by assimilating observed fluxes of carbon dioxide and environmenta driving factor data from an AmeriFlux forest station located near Howland, Maine, USA into a partition eddy flux model. Our analysis demonstrates that model parameters, such as light use efficiency, respiration coefficients, minimum and optimum temperatures for pho tosynthetic activity, and others, are highly constrained by eddy flux data at daily-to-seasona time scales. The SEnKF stabilizes parameter values quickly regardless of the initial values o the parameters. Potential ecosystem light use efficiency demonstrates a strong seasonality Results show that the simultaneous parameter estimation procedure significantly improves model predictions. Results also show that the SEnKF can dramatically reduce the variance in state variables stemming from the uncertainty of parameters and driving variables. The SEnKF is a robust and effective algorithm in evaluating and developing ecosystem models and in improving the understanding and quantification of carbon cycle parameters and
Violence againstWomen : An Exploration of the Physical andMental Health Trends among Immigrant and RefugeeWomen in Canada

Violence against women is a serious health and social problem for women worldwide. Researchers have investigated the broad physical and mental health consequences of violence against women but few have focused on immigrant and refugee women. We assessed the history of violence and the impairment of physical and mental health among 60 women participants from the Iranian and Sri Lankan Tamil communities in Toronto, Canada. Our survey findings revealed that the participants had experienced various types of violence throughout their lifespan, with psychological abuse by a spouse/partner occurring most frequently in the past 12 months. Commonly reported types of abuse included insulting, criticizing, and intimidation by partner (psychological abuse); slapping, hitting, and shoving (physical abuse); and forced sexual intercourse and sexually degrading acts (sexual abuse) by a partner/spouse. We found that a substantial proportion of the participants also had experienced physical and mental health impairment, which could be a result of the various types of violence they had experienced throughout their lifespan. Research and practice implications are provided.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Identification of genes critical for resistance to infection by West Nile virus using RNA-Seq analysis Permalink

The West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging infection of biodefense concern and there are no available treatments or vaccines. Here we used a high-throughput method based on a novel gene expression analysis, RNA-Seq, to give a global picture of differential gene expression by primary human macrophages of 10 healthy donors infected in vitro with WNV. From a total of 28 million reads per sample, we identified 1,514 transcripts that were differentially expressed after infection. Both predicted and novel gene changes were detected, as were gene isoforms, and while many of the genes were expressed by all donors, some were unique. Knock-down of genes not previously known to be associated with WNV resistance identified their critical role in control of viral infection. Our study distinguishes both common gene pathways as well as novel cellular responses. Such analyses will be valuable for translational studies of susceptible and resistant individuals—and for targeting therapeutics—in multiple biological settings.
Interdisciplinary perspectives on the history and future of the 3 Rs

The need to refine, replace and reduce the use of animals in laboratories—the 3Rs concept” —strongly influences discussion and regulation of this contested area of technoscience. This special issue looks back to the origins of the 3Rs concept through five papers that explore how it is enacted and challenged in practice, and that develop critical considerations about its future. Three themes connect the papers in this special issue. These are (1) the multiplicity of roles enacted by those who use and care for animals in research; (2) the distribution of “feelings that matter” across species and spaces of laboratory animal practice; (3) the growing importance of “cultures of care” in animal research.
Incremental Pragmatics and Emergent Communication

Recent work has demonstrated the ability of reinforcement learning agents to develop rich communication protocols in certain cooperative environments. Sev-eral key results have been achieved by constraining the task such that grounded communication is the only optimal strategy. We explore conditions under which groundedness may arise even when it is not strictly required by the task design. In particular, we suggest that incremental pragmatic reasoning could play a role in emergent communication, with evidence from the Task & Talk reference game
ROLE OF SUBSIDIES ALLOCATED BY THE SECOND PILLAR OF THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND DIVERSIFICATION IN ROMANIAN FARMS THROUGH AGRITOURISM

This paper discusses about the role and the economic impact of subsidies allocated by the Common Agricultural Policy between 2007 and 2012, predominantly through the second pillar, in order to stimulate farmers to stay in the countryside and diversify their activities by agritourism. The analysis has used a quantitative approach aimed at assessing the main correlations between the growth of agritourisms and the financial supports paid by the European Union in eight Romanian administrative regions using the Farm Accountancy Data Network. Findings have pointed out that in regions where the higher has been the development of agritourism, the more significant has been the positive socioeconomic impact of the funds allocated by the European Union in favour of rural development. Rural areas characterized by a low level of farmer’s income and by a high incidence of subsidies paid by the European Union in supporting rural development have brought about a considerable growth of farm diversification through agritourism. This has also corroborated the hypothesis according to which the diversification in the countryside is sensitive both to the funds allocated by the EU and to a low level of income in farms.