Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Analysis of COVID-19 ARDS Patients Successfully Extubated to High Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy

Background Coronavirus disease- 2019 (COVID-19) related to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by the highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus is a major cause of death during the pandemic period. Here we aim to present the retrospective data analysis of extubation success to High Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy (HFNO) in COVID-19 ARDS patients. Methods The data of 22 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 ARDS patients who were extubated to HFNO therapy at an intensive care unit (ICU) were analyzed. Respiratory variables as well as demographic characteristics were collected on admission. The mechanical ventilation volumes and pressures together with blood gas measurements were recorded during the intubation period. HFNO flow rate, FiO2, and oxygenation variables were collected 5 consecutive days after extubation. The reintubation rate within the 5 days following planned extubation, duration of ICU stay, and mortality were recorded. Results Among 22 patients, 16 were male (72.7%) and the mean age was 69.9 ± 13,2 years with the highest comorbidity being hypertension (59.1%). The duration between symptom initiation to ICU admission was 6.5 ± 7,9 days where nearly all patients were intubated on the same day. Twenty patients were successfully extubated to HFNO and 2 patients experienced reintubation. The mean duration of HFNO treatment was 4.8 ± 3.6 days and the length of ICU stay was 17.4 ± 6 days. The ICU mortality ratio of this complete data was 13.6% (3/22). Conclusion Among high-risk ARDS COVID-19 patients who have undergone extubation, HFNO therapy should be considered for preventing reintubation and post-extubation respiratory failure.
Probability for transition of business cycle and pricing of options with correlated credit risk

In this paper we propose the transition probability of business cycle for the pricing of options with credit risk. In order to describe business cycles of markets, the regime switching model is considered. We provide the probability density functions of the occupation time of the high volatility regime via Laplace transforms. Using these functions we derive the analytic valuation formulae for options with correlated credit risk and business cycle. We also illustrate the important properties of options with numerical graphs.
GPU-Accelerated Post-Processing and Animated Volume Rendering of Isogeometric Analysis Results

Isogeometric analysis (IGA) has enabled better CAD integration by using the same spline representations for modeling and analysis. Traditionally, the (cid:28)nite element analysis re-sults are visualized by creating a texture map of the property of interest and superimposing them over the boundary representation (B-rep) model or the mesh. This technique cannot be directly used to render internal quantities of interest without computationally intensive sectioning and remapping of the textures. In this paper, we present a GPU accelerated algorithm that produces a time-varying voxelized representation of the property of interest. We then render the voxelized models generated using this approach at an interactive frame rate. To voxelize the models, we perform a modi(cid:28)ed ray intersection test with BØzier elements using a localized ray grid. We then generate a variable density voxel model representing the analysis results using the intersection data, which is repeated for the di(cid:27)erent time frames of the analysis. The complete time-series data is stored in GPU memory using a (cid:29)at data structure, which is then rendered using GPU-accelerated ray casting. This direct voxelization technique enables a detailed analysis of the simulation using interactive slicing techniques without computationally intensive post-processing. We demonstrate this approach for two biomechanics simulations(cid:22)a cardiac solid mechanics model and an aorta (cid:29)uid dynamics model. These models were tested at di(cid:27)erent resolutions using single or batch frame processing. Our method can render the results of a complete isogeometric analysis at an interactive frame rate of over 30 frames per second for all test cases.
Obstructed Defecation Symptom Severity and Degree of Rectal Hypermobility and Folding Detected by Dynamic Ultrasound

Abstract We used dynamic pelvic floor ultrasound to investigate the relationship between obstructed defecation symptom (ODS) severity and the degree of rectal hypermobility/folding. In this retrospective study, women who presented with ODS from October 2017 to January 2019 and underwent an interview, pelvic examination, and pelvic floor ultrasound were recruited. Patients were diagnosed with abdominal constipation, dyssynergia, or pelvic constipation. Pelvic constipation patients were categorized based on their reported frequency of incomplete emptying of stool (<50% or ≥50% of bowel movements) representing mild and severe ODS, respectively. Using dynamic ultrasound, rectal hypermobility was quantified via rectovaginal septum length at rest and Valsalva and its compression ratio, where shorter lengths and larger compression ratios are indicative of increased rectal hypermobility. One hundred twenty-one patients (41 with abdominal constipation, 7 with dyssynergia, and 73 with pelvic constipation) were included. Compression ratios were higher in women with severe versus mild ODS (17.36 ± 16.89 vs 36.38 ± 25.82, P = 0.0039). The risk of having severe symptoms was 4 times greater (odds ratio = 4.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.4 to 12.6, P = 0.01) among those with a high compression ratio (≥20%) after controlling for age, body mass index, and levator plate descent angle. Incomplete emptying was weakly, positively, linearly correlated with rectal hypermobility/folding (r = −0.2724, −0.3767 to 0.3922, and P = 0.0197, 0.0010, 0.0006, respectively). Women with more severe ODS experienced more rectal hypermobility/folding as measured via dynamic ultrasound—a cheaper, effective alternative to magnetic resonance defecography for evaluation of obstructed defecation.
The cruel optimism of “good crunch”: How game industry discourses perpetuate unsustainable labor practices

The video game industry’s labor practices have become an increasingly common topic of discussion throughout game studies and the gaming community, especially when it comes to “crunch” or periods of intense, extended overtime. Despite this attention, crunch persists, and the industry’s tendency to distinguish externally mandated or excessive crunch from self-directed or scheduled crunch continues to be problematic. This article considers the distinction between “good” and “bad” crunch as a form of cruel optimism, in which the idea of a tolerable crunch actually prevents the game industry from imagining how to produce games without any crunch. Drawing on a critical discourse analysis of industry trade press—specifically Game Developer magazine and Game Developers Conference presentations—this research demonstrates how viewing any form of crunch as acceptable quells potential innovations in video game production and locks developers into an unsustainable cycle. We encourage developers instead to rethink labor practices more expansively.
A new predictive framework for Amazon forest fire smoke dispersion over South America

Aerosol particles from forest fire events in the Amazon can be effectively transported to urban areas in southeastern South America, thus affecting the air quality over those regions. A combination of observational data and a comprehensive air quality modeling system capable of anticipating acute air pollution episodes is therefore required. A new predictive framework for Amazon forest fire smoke dispersion over South America has been developed based on the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry community (WRF-Chem) model. Two experiments of 48-hour simulations over South America were performed by using this system at 20 km horizontal resolution, on a daily basis, during August and September of 2018 and 2019. The experiment in 2019 included the very strong 3-week forest fire event, when the São Paulo Metropolitan Area, located in southeastern South America, was plunged into darkness on August 19. The model results were satisfactorily compared against satellite-based data products and in situ measurements collected from air quality monitoring sites. The system is executed daily immediately after the CPTEC Satellite Division releases the latest active fire locations data and provides 48-hour forecasts of regional distributions of chemical species such as CO, PM2.5 and O3. The new modeling system will be used as a benchmark within the framework of the Chemistry of the Atmosphere - Field Experiment in Brazil (CAFE-Brazil) project, which will take place in 2022 over the Amazon.
The propensity of psychological strategies used by collegiate soccer players at risk for anxiety and depression

ABSTRACT Psychological strategies (PS) developed for performance enhancement are common in therapeutic approaches for mitigating mental health risks; however, associations between common PS used by collegiate athletes and such risks are relatively unexplored. Collegiate soccer players (N = 72) completed the Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies- Depression scale (CES-D). Results indicated collegiate athletes categorically not at risk for anxiety or depression used PS more, while those at risk reported using debilitative strategies. The lack of emotional control in practice explained the most variance in predicting BAI (29%) and CES-D (36%) scores, while negative thinking in competition explained the most variance in BAI (30%) and CES-D (35%) scores. Findings are discussed in terms of familiarizing athletes with the range of PS and their relevance for mitigating mental health risk triggers in the age of COVID-19.
A case study on the Coordinate Structure Constraint in Japanese

This paper presents a case study of the use of the NINJAL Parsed Corpus of Modern Japanese (NPCMJ) for syntactic research. NPCMJ is the first phrase structure-based treebank for Japanese that is specifically designed for application in linguistic (in addition to NLP) research. After discussing some basic methodological issues pertaining to the use of treebanks for theoretical linguistics research, we introduce our case study on the status of the Coordinate Structure Constraint (CSC) in Japanese, showing that NPCMJ enables us to easily retrieve examples that support one of the key claims of Kubota and Lee (2015): that the CSC should be viewed as a pragmatic, rather than a syntactic constraint. The corpus-based study we conducted moreover revealed a previously unnoticed tendency that was highly relevant for further clarifying the principles governing the empirical data in question. We conclude the paper by briefly discussing some further methodological issues brought up by our case study pertaining to the relationship between linguistic research and corpus development.
Towards ferroelectricity-inducing chains of halogenoantimonates(iii) and halogenobismuthates(iii)

In halogenoantimonate(iii) and halogenobismuthate(iii) organic–inorganic hybrids, chains of trans-connected octahedra, trans-[MX5]∞, are considered attractive anionic structures for inducing ferroelectricity. The latter is realized by displacing the bridging halogen atoms along the chain direction – the process that changes the polarity of the whole unit. Advances in the identification of such materials have been hindered, however, by substantial difficulty in obtaining such structures. Here we investigate structural and dielectric properties of three families of compounds based on 2-mercaptopyrimidinium, 2-aminopyrimidinium, and 2-amino-4-methylpyrimidinium cations in which 8 out of 12 compounds show trans-[MX5]∞ chains in their crystal structures. Two of the compounds adopt a polar P21 space group and are potentially ferroelectric. We perform a detailed structural analysis of all compounds with trans-[MX5]∞ chains discovered by far to understand the factors that lead to the chains' formation. We reveal that the size of a cation predominantly defines the accessibility of structures with this anionic form and we provide rules for designing hybrids with trans-[MX5]∞ chains to help guide future efforts to engineer materials with interesting non-linear electrical properties.
Protest against Covid-19 containment policies in European countries

Protests against coronavirus policies have occurred in all European countries. The intensity of protest varies strongly, however. We explain this variation by strategic choices that protest organizers make to maintain the protest movement. Specifically, we argue that protest organizers pay heed to the dynamics of the pandemic in their country: the number of protest events is higher when and where mortality rates are lower and containment policies are more stringent. At the same time, the number of protest events is influenced by political factors. Despite the fact that civil liberties facilitate trust in government, these two variables exert opposite effects: while higher trust in government and public administration reduces the number of protest events, stronger civil liberties increase the number of protest events. We find evidence for these hypotheses in an analysis of the number of monthly protest events based on information from ACLED, the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project, in 28 European countries between March 2020 and August 2021.
Classification of Arabic Tweets: A Review

Text classification is a prominent research area, gaining more interest in academia, industry and social media. Arabic is one of the world’s most famous languages and it had a significant role in science, mathematics and philosophy in Europe in the middle ages. During the Arab Spring, social media, that is, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, played an essential role in establishing, running, and spreading these movements. Arabic Sentiment Analysis (ASA) and Arabic Text Classification (ATC) for these social media tools are hot topics, aiming to obtain valuable Arabic text insights. Although some surveys are available on this topic, the studies and research on Arabic Tweets need to be classified on the basis of machine learning algorithms. Machine learning algorithms and lexicon-based classifications are considered essential tools for text processing. In this paper, a comparison of previous surveys is presented, elaborating the need for a comprehensive study on Arabic Tweets. Research studies are classified according to machine learning algorithms, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, hybrid, and lexicon-based classifications, and their advantages/disadvantages are discussed comprehensively. We pose different challenges and future research directions.
Convolutional Neural Network-Based Remote Sensing Images Segmentation Method for Extracting Winter Wheat Spatial Distribution

When extracting winter wheat spatial distribution by using convolutional neural network (CNN) from Gaofen-2 (GF-2) remote sensing images, accurate identification of edge pixel is the key to improving the result accuracy. In this paper, an approach for extracting accurate winter wheat spatial distribution based on CNN is proposed. A hybrid structure convolutional neural network (HSCNN) was first constructed, which consists of two independent sub-networks of different depths. The deeper sub-network was used to extract the pixels present in the interior of the winter wheat field, whereas the shallower sub-network extracts the pixels at the edge of the field. The model was trained by classification-based learning and used in image segmentation for obtaining the distribution of winter wheat. Experiments were performed on 39 GF-2 images of Shandong province captured during 2017–2018, with SegNet and DeepLab as comparison models. As shown by the results, the average accuracy of SegNet, DeepLab, and HSCNN was 0.765, 0.853, and 0.912, respectively. HSCNN was equally as accurate as DeepLab and superior to SegNet for identifying interior pixels, and its identification of the edge pixels was significantly better than the two comparison models, which showed the superiority of HSCNN in the identification of winter wheat spatial distribution.
IN SILICO IDENTIFICATION OF APOBEC3B SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITORS FROM DTP-NCI LIBRARIES

Objective: APOBEC3B (A3B) enzyme causes C-to-T or C-to-G somatic alteration in the cancer genome, leading to the evolution of a broad spectrum of human cancers. The present study aims to identify A3B small molecule inhibitors using a top-down approach via pharmacoinformatic virtual screening. Methods: Virtual screening of 2951 drug-alike molecules with diversified structures from the National Cancer Institute Development Therapeutics Program (DTP-NCI) compounds library was performed using GOLD and AutoDock Vina docking programs against the 3D structure of A3B (PDB ID: 5TD5). Results: Amongst the docked compounds, Nordracorubin, NSC641233 and Raloxifene hydrochloride showed the most potent binding affinities towards A3B on both Autodock/Vina and GOLD. Several significant similarities were observed between A3B and the three hits, including hydrogen bonds and pi-pi stacking. The three compounds also exhibited interaction with the centralized zinc cofactor and amino acid residues that directly contribute the deaminase activity of A3B enzyme. Conclusion: We hypothesize that the findings from this study could significantly shorten the quest for novel molecules against the A3B after confirmation with subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies in the near future.
“Recovery warriors”: The National Eating Disorders Association’s online community and rhetorical vision

Mental health advocacy organizations play an important role in mitigating stigma and questioning the social norms that can create negative health outcomes. This essay explores how a U.S. advocacy organization attempted to facilitate shared meaning about a stigmatized health issue with its online community via rhetorical vision, or narrative that connects people in shared reality. Through the lens of symbolic convergence theory (SCT), a fantasy theme analysis of the National Eating Disorders Association’s (NEDA) social media messages and comments uncovered a recovery warrior metaphor that framed eating disorder recovery as a heroic journey. The analysis describes potential reasons why NEDA would attempt to foster a rhetorical vision informed by a warrior narrative, how it used warriors as a cue to facilitate vision, and the tensions within the community that expose the evolution and limitations of recovery warriors to constitute a rhetorical vision and community. Theoretical implications are offered at the intersections of public relations and SCT. These implications provide a roadmap for advocacy organizations attempting to build symbolic community and shared narratives online in the context of stigmatized health conditions while also interrogating organizational power to shape rhetorical visions.
Asymmetric density‐dependent competition and predation between larval salamanders

1. Body size differences among consumers often lead to asymmetric interactions, with larger individuals typically being stronger competitors and/or predators on small individuals. These types of interaction are particularly exemplified in freshwater pond communities, where substantial size variation exists both within and among species of top consumers. We investigated whether density dependence can modify the outcome of size-structured interactions between larval stages of two pond-breeding salamanders, Ambystoma annulatum and Ambystoma opacum . Size structure exists in populations of these species due to variation in the timing of breeding, which we hypothesised would amplify predation rates and competitive asymmetries from the early-arriving species ( A . annulatum ) on the later-arriving species ( A . opacum ). 2. We manipulated the relative densities of both A. annulatum and A . opacum in outdoor mesocosms. We maintained the experiment through metamorphosis, and analysed size at metamorphosis, larval period length and survival of each species. 3. Ambystoma annulatum imparted a strong density-dependent effect on A . opacum through a combination of predation and competition. Survival of A . opacum was negatively related to the density of A . annulatum . For the A . opacum
Pre-treatment by Rosemary Extract or Cell Transplantation Improves Memory Deficits of Parkinson’s Disease: When Tradition Meets the Future

HIGHLIGHTS Spatial learning and memory impairment through bilateral injection of 6-OHDA (6-Hydroxydopamine) into the SNc which also leads to the destruction of neurons in the hippocampus. ADSCs (Adipose tissue-derived stem cells) transplantation had neuroprotective effect and recovered the memory deficit in 6-OHDA-induced rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Rosemary extract pre-treatment compensated the memory deficit in 6OHDA-induced rat model of Parkinson’s disease.
A New Constraint on the Physicochemical Condition of Mars Surface during the Amazonian Epoch Based on Chemical Speciation for Secondary Minerals in Martian Nakhlites

Iddingsite in Martian nakhlites contains various secondary minerals that reflect water–rock interaction on Mars. However, the formation processes of secondary Fe minerals in iddingsite are unclear because they include carbonates precipitated under reductive and alkaline conditions and sulfates that are generally precipitated under oxidative and acidic conditions. Mineral types cannot coexist under equilibrium. Herein, we characterize the carbonate phase of meteorite Yamato 000593 as siderite and Mn-bearing siderite via field-emission electron probe microanalyzer (FE-EPMA). Then, we examined the distribution and speciation of trace Cr and S within the carbonates through synchrotron micro-focused X-ray fluorescence-X-ray absorption fine structure and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (μ-XRF-XAFS/STXM) analysis to estimate the transition history of Eh-pH conditions during siderite formation to explain the coexistence of carbonate and sulfate phases in the nakhlite vein. Specifically, the distribution and speciation of S in the mesostasis and carbonate phases and the heterogeneous distribution of Mn-FeCO3 incorporating Cr(III) in the carbonate constrain the Eh-pH condition. The conditions and transition of the fluid chemistry determined herein based on speciation of various elements provide a new constraint on the physicochemical condition of the water that altered the nakhlite body during the Amazonian epoch.
Trends and outcomes of chronic coronary total occlusion–related ventricular tachyarrhythmias

Abstract Our study aims to establish trends and frequencies of ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VTA) among patients with chronic coronary total occlusion (CCTO). We identified CCTO hospitalizations with and without VTA using the National Inpatient Sample. A total of 911,579 CCTO-related hospitalizations were identified, with 92,450 (10.1%) encounters associated with VTA. The CCTO-VTA cohort showed higher all-cause mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.45, P < 0.001), longer hospital stays (6.8 vs 4.6 days; P < 0.001), and higher hospital charges ($117,382 vs $75,419; P < 0.001) compared to the CCTO non-VTA group. Rates and odds of cardiogenic shock (aOR = 4.19), venous thromboembolism (aOR = 2.09), respiratory failure (aOR = 2.85), and requirement of mechanical ventilation (aOR = 4.23) were higher in the CCTO-VTA group (P < 0.001). Over time, there was an increase in VTA (9.2% in 2010 to 12.1% in 2014) and all-cause mortality (7.5% in 2010 to 12.4% in 2014; P < 0.001). Trends in VTA among patients with CCTO increased by 4.8% for undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and by 2.5% for undergoing both percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting (P < 0.001). Occurrence of VTA among CCTO patients is associated with worse outcomes and higher resource utilization.