Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Analysis of an Offshore Wind Turbine Using a Simplified Dynamic Model

The objective of this thesis is to propose and evaluate a simplified dynamic model of a wind turbine. This is done by assuming that the structure behaves linearly, and that a load model based of the mean and variance of simulated rotor thrust, depending linearly on turbulence, is sufficient to estimate the response. The realistic response of the wind turbine is calculated in time domain using the NREL FAST finite element code, whereas the simplified model response are calculated analytically because of the Gaussian behavior of the load model. It is suspected that more sophisticated simplified load models in the future might not be linear, and the response of the simplified system is therefore also calculated using the relatively new probability density evolution method. This is done to assess the general feasibility of using this method to estimate responses of such models. Probability density evolution is performed numerically using the cell-mapping method, and evaluation of the accuracy and performance of these calculations is also a primary object of the thesis. It is also shown how autoregression could be used to incorporate correlated forcing in the cell-mapping method. The wind turbine considered is the NREL 5-MW Baseline turbine, supported by its reference tower. Results show that the response of the proposed simplified dynamic system is too coarse compared to the simulated response distributions. The model seems to overestimate both the mean value and the variance of the true displacements. Possible improvements of the dynamic system, especially of the simplified load model, is evaluated and discussed. The results also show that first order autoregression successfully implements correlated force realizations into the cell-mapping method, and that both Kaimal simulated turbulence and the proposed simplified thrust are processes that could be estimated to a satisfactory degree using first order autoregression. With correlated forcing incorporated through autoregression, probability density evolution is shown to provide accurate estimates of the model response. The method also shows great promise to be useful when considering future simplified models, provided that one could find ways to keep the number of state-space dimensions to a minimum.
First passage dynamics of stochastic motion in heterogeneous media driven by correlated white Gaussian and coloured non-Gaussian noises

We study the first passage dynamics for a diffusing particle experiencing a spatially varying diffusion coefficient while driven by correlated additive Gaussian white noise and multiplicative coloured non-Gaussian noise. We consider three functional forms for position dependence of the diffusion coefficient: power-law, exponential, and logarithmic. The coloured non-Gaussian noise is distributed according to Tsallis’ q-distribution. Tracks of the non-Markovian systems are numerically simulated by using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta algorithm and the first passage times (FPTs) are recorded. The FPT density is determined along with the mean FPT (MFPT). Effects of the noise intensity and self-correlation of the multiplicative noise, the intensity of the additive noise, the cross-correlation strength, and the non-extensivity parameter on the MFPT are discussed.
Conservation of severely damaged paper using passivation polymers

Conservation of Severely Damaged Paper Using Passivation Polymers. (August 2011) Eloise Brackenridge Eilert, B.A., University of Colorado at Boulder; M.A., Northern Illinois University Chair of Committee: Dr. C.W. Smith This work examined the use of passivation polymers in the conservation of severely damaged paper. It specifically investigated the use of this functional polymer treatment to address the issues of damage to paper caused by waterlogging, mold, and internal acidity. Several experiments were designed and conducted to examine the effects of the polymers in the conservation of papers compromised by these conditions. Paper artifacts from the Bonfire Memorabilia Collection were selected and conserved using treatment protocols that included the use of the passivation polymers. The conservation of some of the damaged papers from this culturally important site demonstrated the effectiveness of the polymer treatment in real-world conservation situations. This dissertation established that the use of passivation polymers adds strength and stability to severely damaged paper.
Second Semester Students’ Speaking Anxiety in English Language Education at Ganesha University of Education

This study was aimed at identifying the type of anxiety and investigating the factors that caused speaking anxiety in second-semester students of English Language Education in UNDIKSHA. Mix method was used as the research design of this study in which random sampling technique was also used to determine the research sample. 70 second-semester students were involved as the research sample. This research was done in an online setting due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The result of this study showed that two types of anxiety affected the second-semester students, namely; state and trait anxiety. There were 26 % of second-semester students influenced by state anxiety, 67% students were influenced by trait anxiety, and 7 % students were influenced by state and trait anxiety at the same time. In addition, it was also found that 5 internal and 11 external factors caused students’ speaking anxiety.
Dual Water Choices: The Assessment of the Influential Factors on Water Sources Choices Using Unsupervised Machine Learning Market Basket Analysis

An unsupervised machine learning model of association rule known as market basket analysis is proposed in this study to analyze the influence of various socio-economic factors on the choice of the water source. Data of 51 socio-economic factors collected from 295 individuals living in 65 households in Ambo city in the Oromia region of Ethiopians were used for this purpose. The results revealed (i) 64% of the family preferred multiple water sources (i.e., public tap and river water), (ii) the water was collected females in 92% of the households, and (iii) majority of people preferred bathing and laundering in the river (support = 32% and confidence = 87%). Direct utilization of river water is not a preferable choice for the user since it may lead to severe health issues and cause water pollution from bathing and laundering. Education and monthly income have a significant impact on the choices of water sources. Local management authorities can improve sanitation and public health management using the results obtained in the study. The paper only gives a glimpse of the important factors that should be considered for improving the way of life for the underdeveloped areas of the world using advanced machine learning techniques.
An In-silico Pharmacokinetics Study on Cis-Heptadeca-1,9-Diene-4,6-Diyne-3,8-Diol: A Nutraceutical Compound with Anticancer Properties

The polyacetylenic compound cis-heptadeca-1,9-diene-4,6-diyne-3,8-diol with the trivial name of falcarindiol, has been shown through various studies to exhibit anticancer activities. The beneficial effects of polyacetylenes occur at nontoxic concentrations and thus represent pharmacologically useful properties indicating that polyacetylenes may be important nutraceuticals of vegetables. In the human diet, carrots are the major dietary source of falcarinol-type polyacetylenes, in particular falcarinol and falcarindiol. The prediction of physicochemical parameters relevant for drug likeness was performed by computational methods. The Lipinski, Ghose and Veber rules were applied to assess drug likeness and to predict whether the compound is likely to be a bioactive compound according to other important parameters such as molecular weight, LogP, number of hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen bond acceptors. The SwissADME tool used vector machine algorithm (SVM) with fastidiously cleaned large datasets of known inhibitors/non-inhibitors as well as substrates/non-substrates for its predictions. Results from the in silico pharmacokinetics study on falcarindiol showed that the compound exhibited drug likeness characteristics and as such can serve the purpose of an anticancer agent, being a nutaceutical and bioactive component of falcarindiol.
Management of Water Demand: Unresolved Issues

The sustainab le use of water resources to support the needs of a growing population cannot be accomplished without a better understanding and the careful management of urban water demands. Urban areas must compete for freshwater resources with the environmental and agricultural interest and the uncontrolled growth in water demands can place cities at a disadvantage in that competition. While it is true that the irrigated agriculture is responsible for the major portion of freshwater withdrawals (about 85 percent on the global scale), the geographical concentration of urban demands creates a major challenge for water resources planners who must find reliable sources of water to supply the increasing, and, in some regions, exploding populations of urban areas. Because of the high density of resident population and the high concentration of water needs to support urban economic activities, many cities have exhausted the availab le local supplies and must depend on water that is imported from distant sources. Since urban areas require water of the highest quality, they look for and capture the most pristine water sources even if these sources can be found only far from the cities that they will supply. Urban areas thus create “ecological footprints” that can extend several hundred kilometers beyond the city limits to the headwaters of streams and rivers, and also hundreds kilometers downstream as the water brought to supply urban needs is discharged as wastewater into the environment.
Concentric CT for single-well, steam-assisted gravity drainage

Having completed an extensive study into the design and fabrication of insulated concentric coiled tubing, several Single Well-Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage{sup PatPend} (SW-SAGD) installations have already been completed and are in production. This article reviews this process and documents production results from some of these early wells. Several innovative methods have been developed to enhance and extend productive life of heavy oil reserves in Canada. Many of these incorporate steam injection to help reduce viscosity and, therefore, improve in-situ flow characteristics of oil. Requiring extensive capital for development and operation, these projects are often limited by economic considerations.
Looking beyond the guided-bus?

The development of light rail schemes in the UK has been constrained by funding issues. In mainland Europe this issue has been addressed by the introduction of guided bus schemes using modern vehicles that resemble trams. A visit to see the operation of the Eindhoven Phileas system in the Netherlands is described. The wheels of the Phileas vehicle can be steered automatically by magnetic guidance allowing it to move sideways and stop very accurately. The vehicle traction power is provided by a LPG powered internal combustion engine with a generator, flywheel, parallel batteries and electrical final drive. The author describes his experiences of the guided-bus routes operated by the Phileas on the 9km route to Eindhoven airport (Route 401). He found the ride quality high and that the vehicle had a distinct identity. Three tests were used to assess equivalence between light rail and modern guided-bus. The tests related to segregation, capacity and discretionary guidance (control of vehicle direction). These showed that the Phileas system could be considered equivalent to conventional light rail. The potential for upgrading the guided bus-way to light rail is discussed.
Effect of emphasis spread on VOT in coronal stops in Qatari Arabic

Emphasis (contrastive pharyngealization of coronals) in Arabic spreads from an emphatic consonant to neighboring segments. Previous research suggests that in addition to changing spectral characteristics of adjacent segments, emphasis might affect voice onset time (VOT) of voiceless stops because emphatic stops in Arabic dialects have considerably shorter VOT than their plain cognates. No study investigated whether emphatic co-articulation could shorten VOT in plain stops produced in emphatic environment. The present study investigates changes in VOT in syllable-initial /t/ using production data from sixteen speakers of Qatari Arabic, who read non-word syllables with initial plain and emphatic stops /t/ and /ṭ/ adjacent to another plain or emphatic consonant. The results show that emphasis spread is a gradient process that affects only spectral characteristics of segments, causing changes in vowel formants and spectral centre of gravity of stops. Long-lag VOT in plain /t/, however, was not shortened in emphatic syllables. The findings suggest that shorter VOT in voiceless emphatic stops in Qatari Arabic is not a mechanical aftermath of pharyngealization but, rather, a phonological requirement to maintain contrast between long-lag and short-lag VOT in plain and emphatic stops.
Improved Modified Condition/ Decision Coverage using Code Transformation Techniques

Modified Condition / Decision Coverage (MC / DC) is a white box testing criteria aiming to prove that all conditions involved in a predicate can influence the predicate value in the desired way. In regulated domains such as aerospace and safety critical domains, software quality assurance is subjected to strict regulations such as the DO-178B standard. Though MC/DC is a standard coverage criterion, existing automated test data generation approaches like CONCOLIC testing do not support MC/DC. To address this issue we present an automated approach to generate test data that helps to achieve an increase in MC/DC coverage of a program under test. We use code transformation techniques for transforming program. This transformed program is inserted into the CREST TOOL. It drives CREST TOOL to generate test suite and increase the MC/DC coverage. Our tech-nique helps to achieve a signicant increase in MC/DC coverage as compared to traditional CONCOLIC testings. Our experimental results show that the proposed approach helps to achieve on the average approximately 20.194 % for Program Code Transformer(PCT) and 25.447 % for Exclusive-Nor Code Transformer. The average time taken for seventeen programs is 6.89950 seconds.
Exploring Assembly Trajectories of Abandoned Grasslands in Response to 10 Years of Mowing in Sub-Mediterranean Context

Abandoned semi-natural grasslands are characterized by lower plant diversity as a consequence of tall grasses spreading. Mowing is a widely used restoration practice, but its effects to maintain the restored diversity over time is poorly investigated in sub-Mediterranean grasslands. Since 2010 in the central Apennines, we fenced a grassland, invaded by Brachypodium rupestre, which was mowed twice a year. Before the experiment started, we recorded species cover in 30 random sampling units (0.5 m × 0.5 m). The sampling was repeated every two years for a total of ten years. We used linear mixed-effect models to investigate the trajectory of functional diversity and community weighted mean for traits related to space occupation, resource exploitation, temporal niche exploitation, and Grime’s CSR strategies. The reduction of the weaker competitor exclusion exerted by B. rupestre affected the functional plant community. In the short term (4–6 years), this fostered space occupation strategies, decreasing convergence of clonal strategies and horizontal space occupation types. In the longer term (8–10 years), mowing filtered ruderal strategies, i.e., species with faster resource acquisition (lower leaf dry matter content, LDMC). LDMC and CSR strategies, initially convergent due to the dominance of B. rupestre, lowered convergence over time due to higher differentiation of strategies.
Freshwater routing in eddy-permitting simulations of the last deglacial: the impact of realistic freshwater discharge

Abstract. Freshwater, in the form of glacial runoff, is hypothesized to play a critical role in centennial- to millennial-scale climate variability, such as the Younger Dryas and Dansgaard–Oeschger events, but this relationship is not straightforward. Large-scale glacial runoff events, such as Meltwater Pulse 1a (MWP1a), are not always temporally proximal to subsequent large-scale cooling. Moreover, the typical design of hosing experiments that support this relationship tends to artificially amplify the climate response. This study explores the impact that limitations in the representation of runoff in conventional “hosing” simulations has on our understanding of this relationship by examining where coastally released freshwater is transported when it reaches the ocean. We particularly focus on the impact of (1) the injection of freshwater directly over sites of deep-water formation (DWF) rather than at runoff locations (i.e. hosing), (2) excessive freshwater injection volumes (often by a factor of 5), and (3) the use of present-day (rather than palaeo) ocean gateways. We track the routing of glaciologically constrained freshwater volumes from four different inferred injection locations in a suite of eddy-permitting glacial ocean simulations using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology General Circulation Model (MITgcm) under both open and closed Bering Strait conditions. Restricting freshwater forcing values to realistic ranges results in less spreading of freshwater across the North Atlantic and indicates that the freshwater anomalies over DWF sites depend strongly on the geographical location of meltwater input. In particular, freshwater released into the Gulf of Mexico generates a very weak freshwater signal over DWF regions as a result of entrainment by the turbulent Gulf Stream. In contrast, freshwater released into the Arctic with an open Bering Strait or from the Eurasian ice sheet is found to generate the largest salinity anomalies over DWF regions in the North Atlantic and GIN (Greenland–Iceland–Norwegian) seas region respectively. Experiments show that when the Bering Strait is open, the Mackenzie River source exhibits more than twice as much freshening of the North Atlantic deep-water formation regions as when the Bering Strait is closed. Our results illustrate that applying freshwater hosing directly into the North Atlantic with even “realistic” freshwater amounts still overestimates the amount of terrestrial runoff reaching DWF regions. Given the simulated salinity anomaly distributions and the lack of reconstructed impact on deep-water formation during the Bølling–Allerød, our results support that the majority of the North American contribution to MWP1a was not routed through the Mackenzie River.
Bioreactor design for the controlled formation of engineered tissues

The availability of large numbers of engineered organs would offer significant benefits to the clinical management of surgery. Tissue engineering offers the potential of providing tissues that can mimic the morphology, function and physiologic environment of native ones. Cells could grow in vitro within a biodegradable polymer to construct tissue for implantation. However no generic bioreactor design currently exists. There is now a need to establish a robust process for the production of engineered tissues using autologous cells. A key challenge will be the prediction of the supply of nutrients and removal of metabolites. Models of transport phenomena were developed in order to predict the fluid flow and mass transfer requirements of a prototype bioreactor for the formation of engineered tissues. These models were solved to generate windows of operation which relate key operating parameters with the feasibility of tissue preparation. Examples highlight how the windows of operation can be used to visualize rapidly the region of operating conditions that satisfy the design constraints. The impact of the cell concentration, tube geometry, alginate diffusivity, substrate and metabolite concentration levels, feed and recycle rate on the design of the bioreactor is illustrated. The result of this analysis determines the best configuration of the bioreactor which can meet the cellular transport requirements as well as being reliable in performance whist seeking to reduce the amount of valuable nutrients to be used. Micro scale experiments were designed in order to evaluate from measurements, effective diffusivities of substrates and metabolites in alginate matrices as well as substrate consumption and metabolite production rates in matrices with immobilized growing cells. The oxygen diffusivity and oxygen uptake rate of alginate immobilized neonatal fibroblasts were evaluated using integrated oxygen sensor spots. Additionally, alginate cylindrical constructs with immobilized neonatal fibroblasts were prepared in transwells in order to evaluate the effective diffusivities of glucose and lactate as well as the glucose consumption and lactate production rate. The advantage of such micro scale experiments was that greater data sets could be generated with the small number of cells available but in a way which predicts the larger scale. The database which was created was used to construct the windows of operation to give quantitative solutions of how engineered tissues may be prepared and to visualize process operability in a more explicit way.
Melvin Mencher's news reporting and writing

Part I. The Reporter At Work 1. On the Job Part II. The Basics 2. Components of the Story Part III. Writing the Story 3. What Is News? 4. The Internet and Other Tools of the Trade 5. The Lead 6. Story Structure 7. The Writer's Art 8. Features, Long Stories and Series 9. Broadcast Newswriting 10. Writing News Releases Part IV. Reporting Principles 11. Digging for Information 12. Making Sound Observations 13. Building and Using Background 14. Finding, Cultivating and Using Sources 15. Interviewing Principles and Practices 16. Speeches, Meetings and News Conferences 17. Hunches, Feelings and Stereotypes Part V. From Accidents to Education 18. Accidents and Disasters 19. Obituaries 20. The Police Beat 21. The Courts 22. Sports 23. Business Reporting 24. Local Government and Education Part VI. Laws, Taste and Taboos, Codes and Ethics 25. Reporters and the Law 26. Taste--Defining the Appropriate 27. The Morality of Journalism Stylebook Glossary Index
Metallic-Pb nanospheres in zircon from the Challenger Au deposit, South Australia: probing metamorphic and ore formation histories

Abstract Ancient metamorphic processes are recorded by the formation of metallic-Pb nanospheres in zircon, a product of internal Pb mobilisation and thermally driven concentration. Here, metallic-Pb nanospheres formed within an ore deposit are characterised for the first time using high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy element-distribution mapping. Exceptional examples from the migmatite-hosted Archean–Paleoproterozoic Challenger Au deposit (Central Gawler Craton, South Australia) support widespread metallic-Pb nanosphere formation in zircon from rocks experiencing granulite-facies metamorphism. We also report new trace-element associations found with metallic-Pb nanospheres and a new mode of occurrence, in which Sc ‘haloes’ form adjacent to metallic-Pb nanospheres within the crystalline zircon lattice. This differs to previously characterised examples of metallic-Pb nanospheres associated with amorphous Si-rich glasses and unidentified Al–Ti, or Fe-bearing phases. Multiple modes of metallic-Pb nanosphere occurrences and trace-element associations suggests multiple modes of formation, probably dependant on zircon composition and metamorphic conditions. Identification of metallic-Pb nanospheres in a growing range of geological settings further highlights the mobility of Pb in zircon and the importance of detailed, nanoscale mineral characterisation, in order to constrain accurate geochronological histories for rocks within high-temperature geological environments.