Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Post-Processing Method for Stereo Matching Algorithm

Stereo matching is continuing to be a critical and challenging problem due to continuous progression in computer vision including the widely applied in various Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications to echo the human visual system. New developed algorithm approaches with more quality of information extraction and high frame rate of data processing are unique targets to control huge volume data and provide convenient solutions for the massive evolution in this field. Fundamentally, the process of stereo matching involved several stages to implement the disparity map which provides the depth information required in 3D reconstruction. Numerous studies and sophisticated algorithms have been developed in the stereo vision area with different concepts and properties to achieve disparity map implementation. However, their accuracy still low and algorithm structures are complicated which far from current requirements. As a popular breakthrough, post-processing algorithms have proved to achieve outstanding performances in stereo matching in terms of low error rate, less complex algorithm structures, and highly computational in their processing speed. In this paper, we present a novel post-processing framework known as Multistage Hybrid Median Filter (MHMF) with a new segment-based algorithm to surge up the accuracy and maintain low computational complexity. The developed framework consists of two main stages: in Stage 1, the Basic Block Matching (BBM) and Dynamic Programming (DP) are applied to obtain the initial disparity map. While, Stage 2 concerns on segment-based, hybrid median filtering, and merging process for the result of Stage 1 as the main contribution of MHMF. To prove the reliability with current available state-of-the-art algorithms, the experimental results and quantitative measurements on standard indoor and outdoor datasets have been compared. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms many existing methods and works as a powerful approach especially in terms of low accuracy, computational cost, and handling of horizontal stripes.
2x2-aperture 4-tap CMOS image sensor for multi-modal multi-band tissue imaging with suppressing the ambient light and motion artifact

multi-modal multi-band tissue imaging with suppressing the ambient light and motion artifact Yuto Shimada, Kazuki Takada, Hoang Son Nam, Kakeru Miyazaki, Kohei Watanabe, Iori Shibata, Keita Yasutomi, Shoji Kawahito, Keiichiro Kagawa Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka Univ., Hamamatsu, 432-8011, Japan Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka Univ., Hamamatsu, 432-8011, Japan E-mail: kagawa@idl.rie. shizuoka.ac. jp
First identification of bacterial endosymbionts in three South-American spittlebug pests: Notozulia entreriana , Deois mourei and Deois knoblauchii

Spittlebugs cause major pasture damage in the Neotropics. As most xylem-feeders, they depend on microbial symbionts to supply essential amino acids to their diet. Here, the obligate nutritional endosymbiont ‘ Candidatus Sulcia muelleri’ (Bacteroidetes) was detected in three main cercopid pests of South America: Notozulia entreriana (Berg), Deois ( Deois ) mourei Cavichioli et Sakakibara and Deois ( Deois ) knoblauchii (Berg) (Cercopidae Ishnorhininae). In all insect species, bacteriomes were located laterally in the abdomen, and ultrathin sections of N. entreriana bacteriocytes showed typical sulcia-like bacteria. PCR and sequencing of a 914-bp fragment of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene revealed 100% nucleotide identity among sulcia strains obtained from the three host species. These sequences were also identical to those previously obtained from two other New World spittlebugs of the same subfamily, providing evidence for host/symbiont coevolution. Microscopic and molecular analyses suggested that N. entreriana lacked additional symbionts ( i. e. ‘ Candidatus Zinderia insecticola ’ or sodalis-like bacteria [Proteobacteria]) that often co-occur with sulcia within members of the superfamily Cercopoidea. Though amplicons were occasionally generated from D. (D.) mourei and D. (D.) knoblauchii with primers intended for zinderia, they failed to sequence. Further research is needed to elucidate the identity of bacteria other than sulcia in Deois spp.
Learning and Usefulness of Collaboration Exercises: A Study of the Three Level Collaboration (3LC) Exercises between the Police, Ambulance, and Rescue Services

In this article, we studied collaboration exercises (3LC) between the rescue services, ambulance services, and police force, which were developed to enhance learning and usefulness. The exercises’ structure was based on identified deficiencies in previous collaboration exercises. The purpose was to test the exercise model in terms of learning and usefulness. Ten 3LC exercises were observed. A total of 65 semi-structured interviews were conducted (2011–2014) in connection with the exercises. The exercises contained across-boundary elements, seminars, and interactive documentation. The participants were given the opportunity to discuss, analyze, and critically reflect on their efforts. During the seminars, the individual actions were analyzed, which led to alternative strategies that were subsequently tested in a repeated exercise. Our results demonstrate that repetitive features and seminars during collaboration exercises promote learning toward an organic behavior and usefulness in the actual incident work.
The role of plant diversity in promoting recovery of soil microbial communities during ecosystem restoration on reclaimed mine lands

Summary: Plant establishment is a key component of land reclamation and restoration, but ultimately full recovery of other beneficial ecosystem services that were provided prior to disturbance is desired for successful restoration. Many of these ecosystem services, primarily related to nutrient cycling and other biogeochemical processes, are regulated by microorganisms. However, the factors that promote the return of beneficial soil microorganisms – and the ecological functions they perform – to restored ecosystems are not well understood. Our previous work in the Powell River Project has discovered that the type of vegetation used to reforest reclaimed mine soils may not only control the resulting plant community, but also the trajectory of the soil microbial community and the processes they mediate related to important ecosystem services. In this work, we experimentally tested the hypothesis that carbon substrate diversity, provided by plant root exudates, is an important mechanism in shaping soil microbial communities as ecosystems recover. In a controlled greenhouse experiment, we analyzed microbial community structure and diversity of dissolved organic carbon substrates in experimental PRP soil mesocosms planted with one of five plant diversity treatments: chicory, clover, foxtail, rye, or an even mix of all four. Results indicate that plant species has significant effects on soil dissolved organic carbon substrate quantity and quality, as well as soil microbial community structure, with clover and chicory resulting in the most distinct changes. In addition, among the non-leguminous plant species, patterns of carbon substrate and microbial diversity tracked each other, suggesting an important interaction between the two.
Complexity and Progress in Transport Aircraft

During my five years from July 1929 at Weybridge the amount that was done was amazing, although the technical and design staffs were microscopic by present-day standards. The types included Vimy, Virginia, Victoria, B.19/27 Night Bomber—all of these were twin-engined—Type 163, 4-engined Night Bomber, a P.V. with tandem engines; Vespa, Vildebeeste Torpedo Bomber and other roles, C.O. W. Gun Fighter, G.4/31 Reconnaissance Bomber (2 versions)—all of these were single engined military machines; Viastra, passenger carrier, Vellore and Vellox Freighters—twin-engined civil aircraft, although Viastra first flew with three engines. All were biplanes with the exception of the C.O. W. Gun Fighter, the Viastra and the second prototype G.4/31 which were monoplanes. Incidentally, the G.4/31 was the first example of geodetic construction, the fuselage being so constructed. My recollection is that Mr. Wallis was responsible for the structural design of this aircraft which had an unusually large aspect ratio. It became the Wellesley, had a most honourable career in the R.A. F. and of course held the world's long distance record for many years.
DNA-barcoding and Identification for Some Common Bean and Teparry Bean Genotypes using rbcL Gene

Among the different biological sources, the common bean, tepary Bean, and the wild type ( Phaseolus spp .) have many biotechnological applications. The DNA barcode of the use of the rbcL gene has proven its usefulness in the study of Phaseolus spp. Phylogenetic diversity of genotypes, more than a cryptic introduction, environmental modulation, geographic distribution, and species identification in exclusive bean species. Eleven samples of common bean had been obtained from unique locations in Egypt. The gene of rbcl had proven successful in PCR reaction. Seven samples of complete array with size 4031 base pair have been obtained. The spot ranged from 574 to 575 bp with a common size of 576 bp. The identification of the species published that the samples of the specimen River Garow, Bronco, Cerdon, Goru, Giza3 three belong to Phaseolus vulgaris , and two samples of the specimen Teparry113, Teparry116 belong to Phaseolus acutifolius , respectively. The rbcL -based DNA barcode was once nearly profitable to discover distinctive specimens of Phaseolus spp according to species and genus. Some samples of the rbcL gene were no longer sufficient to perceive the stage of the genus and could not differentiate between relatively comparable species.
The two faces of anxiety in exploration: Taking risks or playing it safe

While in most lab studies of exploration behaviour, the only potential downside to exploration is forgoing rewards, in real life, there can be actual risks to exploration, making Safe Exploration strategies important to avoid catastrophic outcomes. In the present study, we contrast exploration behaviour in safe with exploration behaviour in risky environments, i.e. in environments where reckless exploration can lead to the loss of all previously acquired rewards. Using computational modelling, we show that while people tend to use the same general strategy in both environments, they become more averse to uncertainty in risky environments compared to safe ones. We further investigate individual differences in exploration behaviour and show that while most types of anxiety and depression-related traits were associated with increased subjective uncertainty, there seemed to be two distinct strategies in dealing with this uncertainty: While subjects with high trait somatic anxiety decreased their exploration in risky environments, subjects high on depression and worry-related traits showed increased exploration and decreased aversion to uncertainty in risky environments. Our results reveal different aspects of exploration behaviour in a more ecologically valid task and show how this relates to transdiagnostic psychiatric traits, thereby illuminating potential disease mechanisms.
Proteomics and Biological Evaluation of Marshmallow (Althea Proteomics and Biological Evaluation of Marshmallow (Althea officinalis) Seeds officinalis) Seeds Proteomics and Biological Evaluation of Marshmallow ( Althea officinalis) Seeds Proteomics and Biological Evaluation of Marshmallow ( Althea o

Marshmallow ( Althaea officinalis ) belongs to family Malvaceae, a medicinal plant used in traditional and alternative medicine in various parts of the world. Marshmallow is one of the seven medicinal plants that are collectively known as Joshanda. It is a herbal preparation which has been used traditionally as a home remedy for the treatment of common cold, coughs, nasal congestion, and fever. Previous studies showed that crude extract and/or purified compounds from flowers, root, and leaves from Marshmallow have anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological effects. However, there is no data reported on the biological activity and the structure of proteins isolated from the seeds. Therefore, this study is carried out to purify and characterize proteins and peptides from Marshmallow seeds as well as to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica , Staphylococcus aureus , Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cytotoxic activities in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Extraction of proteins was performed in 20 mM Tris/HCl pH 8.0, then purified by the combination of gel filtration and reverse-phase HPLC. Purified proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. The partial amino acid sequence of 22 kDa protein was established up to 25 residues by N-terminal amino acid sequencing. The data suggest that Marshmallow RP-HPLC purified protein is a monomeric protein of 22 kDa. The amino acid sequence alignment using BLASTp revealed similarity in 22/25 amino acid residues with Thaumatin from Corchorus capsularis. The MTT assay of Marshmallow crude protein led to a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect in MCF-7 cells with an IC 50 value of 163.29 µg/ml. The gel filtration pooled fractions 5-8, 9-11, and 12-13 showed 58%, 46% and 32% inhibition respectively. The antimicrobial activity of crude protein extract showed 69% inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Proteomic evaluation of crude Marshmallow protein tryptic peptides achieved by LC-MS/MS and bioinformatic analysis using SwissProt Viridiplanta database and Mascot search engine. The De novo protein/peptide sequence search by Peaks Studio-X identified 76 proteins belonging to 9 protein groups.
Comparison of Electrochemical Micromachining Performance using TOPSIS, VIKOR and GRA for Magnetic field and UV rays heated Electrolyte

The application of micro components in various fields such as biomedical, medical, automobile, electronics, automobile and aviation significantly improved. To manufacture the micro components, different techniques exist in the non-traditional machining process. In those techniques, electrochemical micromachining (ECMM) exhibits a unique machining nature, such as no tool wear, non-contact machining process, residual stress, and heat-affected zone. Hence, in this study, micro holes were fabricated on the copper work material. The sodium nitrate (NaNO 3 ) electrolyte is considered for the experiments. During the experiments, magnetic fields strength along with UV rays are applied to the electrolyte. The L 18 orthogonal array (OA) experimental design is planned with electrolyte concentration (EC), machining voltage (MV), duty cycle (DC) and electrolyte temperature (ET). The optimization techniques such as similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) and grey relational analysis (GRA) were employed to find the optimal parameter combinations. The entropy weight method is used to assess the weight of responses such as MR and OC. The optimal combination using TOPSIS, VIKOR and GRA methods shows the same results for the experimental runs 8, 9 and 7, and the best optimal parameter combination is 28 g / l EC, 11 V MV, 85% DC and 37°C ET. Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) results, electrolyte concentration plays a significant role by contributing 86% to machining performance. The second and least contributions are DC (3.86%) and ET (1.74%) respectively on the performance. Furthermore, scanning elec-tron microscope (SEM) images analyses are carried out to understand the effect of magnetic field and heated electrolyte on the work material.
Clean Water and Clean Energy Production: Simulation Using Finite Element Method

One Dimensional Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to develop an analysis model for Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO), Direct Forward Osmosis (FO) and Reverse Osmosis (RO). A 1 D FEM model is developed and simulated on MATLAB. The predictions of the present method are compared with those available in literature, both numerical and experimental. In addition, for the first time in literature, the variation of concentration of solute on the feed and draw side as well as the variation of water permeate flux along the length using the variable mass transfer coefficient is predicted. There is a need to introduce new non-dimensional parameters to make the ﷿e -MTU model a more generalised model (applicable to FO, PRO and RO) and to aid the design of the mass exchangers.
4.0. Effects of common tillage practices on soil moisture retention within a crop rooting zone in a sandy loam

https://doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2022. 5.2. 0076 Abstract Several reports states that global warming is likely to be about 1.0 ℃ above pre-industrial conditions and may even reach 1.5 ℃ between 2030 and 2052. It is therefore envisaged that as a result, climate change will intensify and rainfed arable conditions will become more unpredictable particularly in semi-arid conditions like those of Botswana due to increased heat stress resulting due to evaporative soil water losses. Considering this, several countries have therefore been experimenting with different climate smart technologies with a view to find suitable ones for arable crop production. A study was carried out at Botswana University of Agriculture & Natural Resources (BUAN) fields in 2014 to investigate the effects of different common tillage methods practiced in Botswana and how they influenced the resultant soil moisture retention. A Completely Randomized Block Design field study comprising Mouldboard ploughing, Disc ploughing, Chisel ploughing all at 200 mm depth and a no-till control were compared. During the study, soil moisture content measurements for each tillage method were taken during different sampling dates. The results showed that the no-till method retained more soil moisture when compared to the other 3 tillage methods. It retained 10%, 20% and 29% more moisture than the Disc, Chisel and Mouldboard ploughing
Structural Information Retrieval in XML Documents: A Graph-based Approach

—Although retrieval engines are becoming more and more functional and efﬁcient, they still have the drawback of not being able to locate the relevant documentary granularity, which results in ignoring the structural aspect. In the context of XML document, Information Retrieval Systems allow to return the user’s documentary granules. Several studies have used graphs to represent XML documents. However, in the scope of this research, the semi-structured document’s structure and that of a user’s query can be seen as arborescences composed of a hierarchy of nested elements. By using graph theory, by calculating the structural proximity and especially the intersection between these two arborescences. The article presents a model for structural information retrieval based on graphs. A collection of multimedia documents are randomly extracted from INEX (Initiative for the Evaluation of XML Retrieval) 2010 to validate the approach. The ﬁrst results shows the interest of such an approach.
Comparison of Different Evapotranspiration Estimation Techniques for Mohanpur, Nadia District, West Bengal different techniques Comparison of different evapotranspiration estimation techniques for Mohanpur, Nadia District, … Comparison of different evapotranspiration estimation techniques for Mohanp

most But the requirements of large input parameters have limited the use of this method. To overcome this situation, comparative assessment of several ET o estimation methods with FAO-Penman-56 method were carried out by various researchers in order to select the most dependable ET o estimation method with sparse data for a particular location. Several ABSTRACT The accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ET o ) plays a pivotal role in water resources planning and management studies. The present study was attempted to estimate the reference evapotranspiration (ET o ) using three temperature based methods namely, Blaney-Criddle method, Thornthwaite method and Hargreaves-Samani model and three radiation based methods namely, Turc method, Priestly-Taylor model, and FAO - 24 Radiation Model for Mohanpur area, Nadia district, West Bengal. ET estimates of the above mentioned methods were then compared with FAO Penman Monteith (FAO-56 PM) method, which was considered as the standard method of ET o estimation, to check the capabilities of different models to predict ET o for the study area. The present analysis was carried out using 10-years daily weather data of Mohanpur weather station. The results of the study revealed that, the ET o values at Mohanpur, Nadia district, West Bengal, India were in the range of 3.5 mm/day to 5.0 mm/day. A rank was assigned to different methods based on the comparative analysis of different ET o estimation methods with FAO-56 PM method and it could be inferred that Turc method as the closest method and Thornthwaite method as the least-matched method to FAO 56 Penman-Monteith for the study area.
Mental health and physical activity in vocational education and training schools students: a population-based survey

Abstract Background The prevalence of young people not adhering to the World Health Organization (WHO) physical activity guidelines is high, especially among students in vocational education and training, compared to fellow peers. Also, low levels of mental health have been found in this group, however, to a lesser degree than peers in general education. As positive mental health aspects have more generally been found to be associated with increased likelihood of physical activity in young people, this study examined the association between mental health and physical activity among Danish students in vocational education and training. Methods Students in vocational education and training (N = 5277, mean age 24.3 years, range 15.8–64.0 years) responded to a national representative survey assessing four aspects of mental health (well-being, self-efficacy, self-esteem and life satisfaction) and physical activity. Physical activity was dichotomized as adherence to the WHO minimum guidelines or not. Logistic regression was used to examine if each mental health aspect was associated with physical activity in crude and adjusted models. Results A positive dose–response association was found between all aspects of mental health and adherence to WHO physical activity guidelines. However, the association between self-esteem and physical activity was modified by gender, with a dose–response relationship found only among males. Conclusions Higher levels of positive mental health were associated with better odds of achieving WHO physical activity guidelines in a dose–response-manner. Prospective studies are needed to further elucidate the causal relationship between mental health and physical activity. Future interventions must pay attention to differential gender effects.
Barriers to high school and university students’ physical activity: A systematic review

Physical inactivity commonly occurs throughout one’s life, particularly during adolescence and young adulthood. Multiple factors can negatively influence participation in physical activity, but there has been no review examining the barriers to physical activity among high school and university students. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence of barriers to the practice of physical activity among high school and university students. The literature search was conducted without time limits using five databases, including CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus. In total, 59 studies (37 with high school students [n = 22,908] and 22 with university students [n = 15,411]) were included. The main barriers identified in high school and university students were lack of time, lack of motivation, and lack of accessible places. These findings may be useful in designing and implementing evidence-informed interventions and programs for physical activity promotion in students.