Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epitaxie von (Ga,Mn)As

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschaftigt sich mit der Verbesserung der magnetischen Eigenschaften des ferromagnetischen Halbleiters Galliummanganarsenid (GaMnAs), der ein wichtiges Ausgangsmaterial fur die Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Spintronik darstellt. Es wird erlautert, wie mit Hilfe der Bandkanten-Absorptionsspektroskopie und einem speziellen Verfahren zur Eichung der Materialflusse die Kontrolle uber den Wachstumsprozess und die Reproduzierbarkeit der Proben gesteigert werden konnen. Auch die wichtigsten Methoden zur elektrischen Probencharakterisierung von GaMnAs werden einer kritischen Betrachtung unterzogen. So zeigt sich u.a. , dass der anomale Hall-Effekt bei Raumtemperatur noch einen bedeutenden Beitrag zur Hallspannung leistet und die Bestimmung der Curie-Temperatur nach Novak fur Proben mit geringen Defektdichten korrekte Werte liefert. Des Weiteren wird mit der erhohten Kontrolle uber den Wachstumsprozess eine deutliche Erweiterung des nutzbaren Parameterraumes von GaMnAs erreicht: Es konnten Schichten hergestellt werden, welche mit bis zu 22% einen sehr hohen Mangananteil aufweisen bzw. Curie-Temperaturen von bis zu 172K erreichen. Weiterhin war es moglich GaMnAs-Proben zu wachsen, die durch eine gezielte Belastung des Materials mit Defekten trotz isolierenden Verhaltens ein starkes magnetisches Moment aufweisen. Ein letzter Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt auf der Herstellung und Charakterisierung von wenigen Nanometer dunnen GaMnAs-Schichten, wodurch Perspektiven fur gating-Experimente oder Experimente zum Proximity-Effekt von Eisen auf GaMnAs geboten werden, da hier hohe Curie-Temperaturen mit isolierendem Verhalten vereint werden konnten.
Selective translation of leaderless mRNAs by specialized ribosomes upon MazF-mediated stress response in Escherichia coli.

Bakterien mussen sich fortwahrend an die verschiedensten Veranderungen in ihrer Umwelt anpassen. Abgesehen von der gut untersuchten generellen Stressantwort auf Basis der Reprogrammierung der Transkription, wurde in unserem Labor ein neuartiger post-transkriptioneller Mechanismus charakterisiert, welcher durch ein sogenanntes Toxin-Antitoxin (TA) Modul herbeigefuhrt wird. Das Toxin MazF, welches durch diverse Stressbedinugngen aktiviert wird, schneidet RNAs an einzelstrangigen ACA-Sequenzen. Prinzipiell fuhrt dies zum Abbau des Grosteils aller mRNAs in der Zelle. Erstaunlicherweise werden einige bestimmte mRNAs nur an ACAs kurz vor dem Startkodon geschnitten, wodurch ihre 5‘-nichtranslatierte Region entfernt wird und sie zu sogenannten „leaderless mRNAs“ prozessiert werden. Zusatzlich entfernt MazF auch ein kleines Stuck des 3‘-Endes der 16S rRNA von intakten Ribosomen, welches die anti-Shine-Dalgarno-Sequenz beeinhaltet. Die so entstandenen spezialisierten Ribosomen sind dadurch selektiv fur die Translation von „leaderless mRNAs“. Zusammenfassend fuhrt die Aktivierung von MazF durch diverse Stressbedingungen zur selektiven Translation einer distinkten Gruppe an mRNAs, welche wir das „leaderless mRNA Regulon“ nennen. Dieser Mechanismus reprasentiert ein neuartiges Modell fur eine translational regulierte Stressantwort und ist ein ausergewohnliches Beispiel fur die Funktionalitat von Ribosomenheterogenitat. Das Hauptaugenmerk meiner Dissertation liegt darauf, erstmals das „leaderless mRNA Regulon“ zu bestimmen und die physiologische Stressreaktion, die durch MazF hervorgerufen wird, weitergehend zu charakterisieren. Dabei untersuche ich auch das Ausmas und die Bedeutung von Ribosomenheterogenitat. Zu diesem Zwecke habe ich eine Methode zur Isolierung von intakten und vollstandigen mRNAs aus Polysomen, welche das Translatom reprasentieren, entwickelt. Meine vergleichenden Analysen von Transkriptom und Translatom unter Stressbedingungen zeigen die bisher unterschatzte Bedeutsamkeit selektiver Translation als regulatorisches Element in der Genexpression.
Screening and Molecular Characterization of Actinomycetes from Mangrove Soil Producing Industrially Important Enzymes

: This study describes the isolation of actinomycetes , screening for their potential to produce industrially important enzymes and their molecular characterization. Twenty-five actinomycete strains were isolated from the soil samples of Pichavaram mangroves and were morphologically characterized. The isolates were screened for enzymes: L-asparaginase, lipase cellulase, amylase and protease. Five Streptomyces sp. showed a positive activity for all the enzymes studied. The isolates were further screened by quantitative method. The five Streptomyces spp. were further identified by conventional and molecular methods. Based on the molecular characterization, the novel isolates were identified as Streptomyces sp. LCJ10A (Accession no. KU 860466), Streptomyces sp. LCJ11A (Accession no. KU921107), Streptomyces sp. LCJ13A (Accession no. KU921109), Streptomyces sp. LCJ14A (Accession no. KU921110) and Streptomyces sp. LCJ16A (Accession no. KU 921112). These cultures showed good enzyme activity under submerged fermentation and therefore, they can be used in developing a low cost technology for industrial applications
Optimal Double-Tuned Filter Efficiency Analysis

The rapid development of technology allows designing better and better filter systems. Active filters are more and more often used. They also have their drawbacks, including their price. Passive filters are still very often used. However, despite the passing years, for some filter structures, optimal design equations were not derived that take into account the equivalent impedance of the main and the filters detuning. This article presents an analysis of a double-tuned filter and the analytical maximization of harmonic reduction based on the location of the maximum impedance filter characteristics and the replacement impedance of the mains, which mainly determine the efficiency of filtration. Filter detuning from reduced harmonics is also considered. Formulae have been determined to design the optimal double-tuned filter as well as to design a filter with the assumed degree of reduction of one of the harmonics. The impact of incorporating the resistances of filter elements and of the mains into the analysis on the accuracy of the designated solution was also examined.
The ecology of sexual conflict: Temperature variation in the social environment can drastically modulate male harm to females

Sexual conflict is a fundamental driver of male/female adaptations, an engine of biodiversity and a crucial determinant of population viability. Sexual conflict frequently leads to behavioural adaptations that allow males to displace their rivals, but in doing so harm those same females they are competing to access, which can decrease population viability and facilitate extinction. We are far from understanding what factors modulate the intensity of sexual conflict and particularly the role of ecology in mediating underlying behavioural adaptations. In this study, we show that, in Drosophila melanogaster, variations in environmental temperature of ±4°C decrease male harm impact on female fitness by between 45% and 73%. Rate‐sensitive fitness estimates indicate that such modulation results in an average rescue of population productivity of 7% at colder temperatures and 23% at hotter temperatures. Our results: (a) show that the thermal ecology of social interactions can drastically modulate male harm via behavioural plasticity, (b) identify a potentially crucial ecological factor to understand how sexual conflict operates in nature and (c), along with recent studies, suggest that behaviourally plastic responses can lessen the negative effect of sexual conflict on population viability in the face of rapid environmental temperature changes. A plain language summary is available for this article.
Detection of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Based on ITS1 Gene by PCR-RFLP Technique

The Journal of Medical Entomology and Parasitology is one of the series issued quarterly by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. It is an important specialist journal covering the latest advances in that subject. It publishes original research and review papers on all aspects of basic and applied medical entomology, parasitology and host-parasite relationships, including the latest discoveries in parasite biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, ecology and epidemiology in the content of the biological, medical entomology and veterinary sciences. In addition to that, the journal promotes research on the impact of living organisms on their environment with emphasis on subjects such a resource, depletion, pollution, biodiversity, ecosystem.etc.
Sugar Beet Leaf Culturable Endophytic Bacterial Composition from the Major Sugar Beet Growing Areas in the West of Iran

Endophyte bacteria refers to the bacteria that live within plants. Fresh leaves of 23 sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) plants were collected from the west of Iran. After superficial disinfection, endophytic bacteria were isolated from the host tissue. Isolates were grouped based on their whole-cell protein electrophoresis patterns. One representative from each electrotype was selected and its morphological feature characterized according to the standard bacteriological criteria. The 16S rRNA encoding gene from these representatives was amplified using fD1 and rD1 universal primers, subjected to sequencing and aligned in the NCBI. The major occurring fingerprint types (electrotypes) were identified as Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (25, 23, and 22 strains respectively). The other minor occurring electrotypes were identified as Streptomyces spp, Acetobacter spp, and Agrobacterium spp. This is the first report of A. calcoaceticus, P. aeruginosa, and S. maltophilia as an endophyte in the leaves of sugar beet.
Antifungal Property of Piper betle Leaf Oil against Oral Candida Species

Fungal infection is one of the main clinical problems due to the extensive uses of broad-spectrum antibiotics and immunosuppressive therapy. Among all, candida species are the most prevalent. Piper betle Linn. , a tropical plant intimately associated with pepper, has been widely used as a traditional herb in many Asian countries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of essential oil extracted from fresh leaves of P. betle against four strains of candida species, C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. pseudotropicalis and C. stellatoidia. Inhibitory activity was primarily screened by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique and subsequently the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution technique. Betel oil exhibited a high potential of antifungal property against all strains of yeast with inhibition zones ranged from 32 to 33 mm. in diameter and MIC values of 0.039-0.078 % v/v. Data from this study demonstrates a potential application of betel oil in drug preparations and development for the treatment of candida infection. Further investigations are required to define the antifungal mechanism of this oil as well as clinical trial in the patients.
Morphological Comparison of Stem Cells Using Two- Dimensional Culture and Spheroid Culture

Mesenchymal stem cells are of great interest, especially in regeneration medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to differentiate into several tissues including bone and fat. The stem cells can be obtained from various tissues including bone marrow, periosteum, gingiva, and tooth. Traditionally, two-dimensional culture has been applied for stem cell research. However, more recently, a three-dimensional model has been of great interest for studying the stem cells because it mimics the physiological conditions. Spheroid culture is one way of applying three-dimensional culture. This report describes the two-dimensional culture and spheroid culture and the morphological comparison will be performed between two-dimensional culture and spheroid culture.
Experience and Acceptance of an Autonomous Shuttle in the Brussels Capital Region

A successful implementation of autonomous vehicles will depend to a great extent on the acceptance of users. The individual attitudes regarding AVs are crucial in the adoption of this technology. Numerous autonomous shuttle projects have been deployed worldwide to gather insights on the technical behavior of these shuttles. Certain projects have a specific focus on user experience and acceptance of autonomous technology. As mobility patterns vary across geographic regions, the current paper investigates the user acceptance of an autonomous shuttle in the Brussels capital region with 220 respondents, 145 of which are shuttle passengers, 75 are other road users. The survey includes questions and recommendations from previous experience studies as well as relevant items from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2). Aside from the vehicle passengers, also other road users in the proximity of the shuttle were invited to fill out a survey. The results from the study provide interesting insights for both passengers and other road users. Both groups are overall optimistic and positive towards AVs. Furthermore, adding an autonomous shuttle to traffic does not significantly influence the feeling of safety. Lastly, men are found to be more positive towards AVs than women.
Thermal dependence of seagrass ecosystem metabolism in the Red Sea

The Red Sea is one of the warmest seas with shallow seagrass ecosystems exposed to extreme temperatures, in excess of 35°C, during the summer months. Seagrass meadows are net autotrophic ecosystems, but respiration increases faster than primary production with temperature. This may lead to a shift from an autotrophic to a heterotrophic system at the highest temperatures. Although tropical seagrasses are adapted to high temperatures, the metabolic rates of Red Sea seagrasses have not yet been reported. Here we assessed the community metabolism of 2 seagrass ecosystems, an Enhalus acoroides monospecific meadow and a Cymodocea serrulata and Halodule uninervis mixed meadow, located in the central Red Sea. We measured in situ net community production (NCP), community respiration (R), gross primary production (GPP), activation energy and community production−irradiance curves along their natural temperature gradient over 1 yr by measuring diel fluctuations in dissolved oxygen. The results were species-specific; while the monospecific meadow was autotrophic throughout the year (annual weighted average NCP: 64.63 ± 11.89 mmol O2 m−2 d−1, GPP:R ratio: 1.42 ± 0.06), the mixed meadow was heterotrophic during the summer months (annual weighted average NCP: −4.15 ± 9.39 mmol O2 m−2 d−1, GPP:R: 1.04 ± 0.05). In both seagrass meadows, R and GPP increased with increasing temperature, but differences in activation energies indicated that the mixed meadow is more sensitive to increasing seawater temperatures. These findings suggest contrasting responses in tropical seagrass species to rising temperature, pointing out the potential vulnerability of seagrasses to ocean warming in the Red Sea.
ERK2 phosphorylates the epigenetic regulator CXXC-finger protein 1 (CFP1)

Background The Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway is essential for proper development and homeostatic regulation in eukaryotic cells and underlies progression of several types of cancer. Many pathway functions are performed by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1 and 2 (ERK1/2), serine/threonine protein kinases of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family that interact with a large number of substrates and are highly active in the nucleus. Results We identified the epigenetic regulator CXXC-finger protein 1 (CFP1) as a protein that interacts with ERK2 on chromatin. CFP1 is involved in multiple aspects of chromatin regulation, including histone methylation and DNA methylation. Here, we demonstrate the overlapping roles for ERK1/2 and CFP1 in regulation of immediate early gene (IEG) induction. Our work suggests multiple modes of co-regulation and demonstrates that CFP1 is required for an optimal signal-dependent response. We also show that CFP1 is an ERK2 substrate in vitro and identify several phosphorylation sites. Furthermore, we provide evidence that Su(var)3-9, Enhancer-of-zeste and Trithorax (Set)1b, a CFP1-interacting histone methylase, is phosphorylated by ERK2 and is regulated by CFP1. Conclusion Our work highlights ERK1/2 interactions with chromatin regulators that contribute to MAPK signaling diversity in the nucleus.
Distribution of Rotavirus Genotypes among Children with Diarrhea Prior to Vaccine Introduction in Western Kenya

1Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya, 2Department of Virology, South African Medical Research Council / Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa, 3Division of Vaccines and Immunization, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya, 4Division of Disease Surveillance, World Health Organization Country Office, Nairobi, Kenya, 5Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 6Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 7Division of Disease Surveillance, World Health Organization AFRO, Congo Brazzaville, 8Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
Validity and Consistency of Concurrent Extraction of Gait Features Using Inertial Measurement Units and Motion Capture System

Conditions causing gait abnormalities are very common and their treatment requires the detailed assessment of gait. Currently such assessments are carried out in gait laboratories and require the use of complex and expensive equipment. To increase availability and use at home and clinics, we design and develop an affordable, user friendly, wireless, portable automatic system to extract spatiotemporal features of gait that can be used indoors and outdoors. This study determines the concurrent validity of extracted gait features from Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) against ‘gold standard’ Motion Capture System (MoCap) using a hybrid gait features extraction method. The analysis of the proposed method is based on minimum prominence and abrupt transition points in the IMU signals. We also compare the degree of agreement for mean spatiotemporal gait features. The concurrent data from synchronized IMUs and MoCap are collected from 18 subjects. We validate our proposed system using two experiments; 1) IMU and MoCap with self-selected (free) walking and 2) IMU and MoCap at various walking speeds. Interclass correlations, Lin’s concordance correlation coefficients and Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) are applied to determine the correlation between extracted gait features from IMU and MoCap measurements. Bland-Altman plots are also generated to evaluate any unknown bias between the mean extracted features. The experiments show that spatiotemporal features of gait extracted from IMUs are highly valid. Our methods facilitate gait assessment in clinics and at home including the possibility of self-assessment.
CALIPMATCH: Stata module for caliper matching without replacement

calipmatch matches case observations to control observations using "calipers", generating a new variable with a unique value for each group of matched cases and controls. It performs 1:1 or 1:m matching without replacement. Matched observations will have values within +/- the caliper width for every caliper matching variable. Matched observations will also have identical values for every exact matching variable, if any exact matching variables are specified.
SUSTAINABILITY OF PUBLIC DEBT AND BUDGET DEFICIT IN SOUTH AFRICA

It is often argued that policymakers, lenders and borrowers regularly face the challenge of determining the optimal level of indebtedness of a given economy. Determining the sustainability of budget is equally challenging. The purpose of this study is to assess the sustainability of public debt and budget deficit in South Africa. In doing so, it aims to provide a deeper understanding of and insight into the fiscal outlook in the medium- to long run. Descriptive statistics, including the mean and standard deviation, were used to assess the sustainability of public debt and budget deficit in South Africa. In addition, stationarity test, Johansen cointegration, vector error correction model (VECM) and Granger non-causality test are utilised to determine whether the current trajectory of public debt and budget deficit is sustainable. The results of the study reveal that the sustainability of public debt and budget deficit is not guaranteed (not sustainable). These challenges become untenable especially within the context of South Africa’s very low level of economic growth projection in the shortto medium term. It is recommended that major fiscal adjustment measures are introduced in the near future in order to avoid major fiscal crises in the future. For example, South Africa may need to relax its business laws, which businesses and investors often criticise for inhibiting South Africa’s full potential.
Strong-field control of electron localisation during molecular dissociation

We demonstrate how the waveform of light can be used to control a molecular dissociation by the steering and localisation of electrons. Experimental results have been obtained for the dissociative ionisation of the homonuclear and heteronuclear hydrogen derivates D2 and HD. Asymmetric ejection of the ionic fragments reveals that light-driven electronic motion prior to dissociation localises the electron on one of the two ions in diatomic molecular ions in a controlled way. Extension of these results to electron transfer in complex molecules suggests a new paradigm for controlling photochemistry.
Adequacy in Machine vs. Human Translation: A Comparative Study of English and Persian Languages

Adequacy as the extent to which translation corresponds to the source text has always been a salient feature of any machine translation service. For this reason, the main objective of this comparative study was to analyze and compare translation adequacy in machine vs. human translation from English into the Persian language. In other words, this study sought to investigate whether machine translation product was adequate enough as compared to human translation. For this purpose, seven various texts were selected and translated from Persian to English by two translation students as well as machine translation services including Google Translate and Bing Translation. In addition, a reference translation by two expert translators was prepared against which human and machine translations were compared and analyzed. Moreover, the Sketch Engine software was exploited to analyze the translations. The results of the study revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between human and machine translations as compared to the reference translation and that machine translations were adequately appropriate translations. The findings of this research might have useful implications for research in the field of machine translations. In addition, the results of this research have practical implications for those who are interested in doing research in machine translation.
Wide Color Gamut Image Content Characterization: Method, Evaluation, and Applications

In this paper, we propose a novel framework to characterize a wide color gamut image content based on perceived quality due to the processes that change color gamut, and demonstrate two practical use cases where the framework can be applied. We first introduce the main framework and implementation details. Then, we provide analysis for understanding of existing wide color gamut datasets with quantitative characterization criteria on their characteristics, where four criteria, i.e., coverage, total coverage, uniformity, and total uniformity, are proposed. Finally, the framework is applied to content selection in a gamut mapping evaluation scenario in order to enhance reliability and robustness of the evaluation results. As a result, the framework fulfils content characterization for studies where quality of experience of wide color gamut stimuli is involved.