Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Edinburgh Research Explorer Diverse and potentially manipulative signalling with ascarosides in the model nematode C. elegans

Background: Animals use environmental information to make developmental decisions to maximise their fitness. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans measures its environment to decide between arresting development as dauer larvae or continuing to grow and reproduce. Worms are thought to use ascarosides as signals of population density and this signalling is thought to be a species-wide honest signal. We compared recently wild C. elegans lines ’ dauer larva arrest when presented with the same ascaroside signals and in different food environments. Results: We find that the hitherto canonical dauer larva response does not hold among these lines. Ascaroside molecules can, depending on the food environment, both promote and repress dauer larva formation. Further, these recently wild C. elegans lines also produce ascaroside mixtures that induce a wide diversity of dauer larva formation responses. We further find that the lines differ in the quantity and ratios of ascaroside molecules that they release. Some of the dauer larva formation responses are consistent with dishonest signalling. Conclusions: Together, the results suggest that the idea that dauer larva formation is an honestly-signalled C. elegans -wide effect does not hold. Rather, the results suggest that ascaroside-based signalling is a public broadcast information system, but where the correct interpretation of that information depends on the worms ’ context, and is a system open to dishonest signalling.
EXTREMITY OF INDIAN AUTONOMUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE: A SURVEY

— Unmanned autonomous underwater vehicles are free swimming marine robots without any human intervention with sensors, navigation and onboard intelligence system . Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) are cost effective and efficient unsupervised vehicle suitable for complicated aquatic operations. Initially the information about AUV is in hypothetical and conceptual manner but now more attention is paid in practical development. Over the past few years India is unfolding her wings in the field of AUV research and development. In this survey paper we are going to discuss the essential architectural attributes and subsystems of autonomous underwater vehicle and also comprise the edge of autonomous underwater vehicle development in India.
NDT_A_295945 1459..1468

1Department of Outpatient, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hnagzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) are regarded as promising antidepressant treatments. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of tDCS, tACS, escitalopram, and placebo/ sham stimulation controls. Design: Randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Methods: Sample sizes were calculated based on data from previous similar studies. Eligible non-treatment-resistant-depressive outpatient subjects with moderate-to-severe depression (HRDS ≥17) are randomized to receive (1) tDCS + placebo; (2) tACS + placebo; (3) escitalopram + placebo; or (4) sham stimulation + placebo. The intensity of electricity is 2 mA, lasting for 30 minutes over two consecutive working days (10 sessions in total). The medication lasts for 6 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the response rates within 6 weeks (week 6 is also the endpoint of the study), and secondary outcome measures included changes in other clinical measurements. Safety and acceptability are measured by adverse event rates and dropout rates. Exploring outcome consist of the performance of cognitive battery as well as neurophysiology results. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first double-blind controlled study comparing tDCS, tACS, and clinically used antidepressants, which will provide further evidence for their efficacy and safety in possible clinical applications.
plants Leaf Extracts of Anchomanes difformis Ameliorated Kidney and Pancreatic Damage in Type 2 Diabetes

: Kidney disease in diabetes is one of the common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus implicated in end-stage renal failure. This study explored the ability of Anchomanes difformis to ameliorate kidney and pancreatic damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus using male Wistar rats. Two weeks of fructose (10%) administration followed by streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) were used to induce type 2 diabetes. Leaf extract (aqueous) of Anchomanes difformis (200 mg and 400 mg/kgBW) was administered orally for six weeks. Body weights were monitored, urea and creatinine were measured. Interleukins (IL)-1 β , IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, and TNF α were measured in the kidney lysate. CAT, SOD, ORAC, FRAP, and MDA levels were also evaluated in the kidney. Transcription factors (Nrf2 and NF-kB/p65) and apoptotic markers (Bcl2 and caspase 3) were investigated in the kidney. Histological sections of the pancreas and kidney tissues were examined for any visible pathology. Supplementation with Anchomanes difformis enhanced antioxidant status, modulated inﬂammatory response, and reduced apoptosis in the kidney. It also restored the kidney and pancreatic histoarchitecture of the treated diabetic rats. The pathophysiology associated with diabetic nephropathy and pancreatic damage showcase the importance of exploring the use of antidiabetic, nephroprotective agents such as Anchomanes difformis to kidney damage in type 2 diabetes.
Observations on Fault Proneness Prediction Models of Object-Oriented System to Improve Software Quality

: Software quality is the fundamental need of industry and also for a user. And the future business and reputation of the company depends on the quality of the product. It is need of today to develop quality product. Software quality of system can be measured in terms of fault-proneness of data. Effective prediction for the fault-proneness class early in software development plays a very important role in the analysis of the software quality and balance of software cost. For the effective prediction of fault-proneness the Pareto Principle will be helpful because it implies that 80% of all errors uncovered during testing will be likely be traceable to 20% of all program components. The problem of course is to isolate these suspected components and thoroughly test them. In this paper, we proposed fault-prone and not-fault-prone class using discriminant analysis , neural network and logistic regression and prediction accuracy was measured and compared for each prediction system.
Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Produce Concordant Improvements in Regional Function, Tissue Perfusion and Fibrotic Burden when Administered to Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting – The PROMETHEUS Trial

Rationale : While accumulating data support the efficacy of intramyocardial cell-based therapy to improve LV function in patients with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoing CABG, the underlying mechanism and impact of cell injection site remain controversial. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improve LV structure and function through several effects including: reducing fibrosis, neoangiogenesis and neomyogenesis. Objective : To test the hypothesis that the impact on cardiac structure and function following intramyocardial injections of autologous MSCs results from a concordance of pro-recovery phenotypic effects. Methods and Results: Six patients were injected with autologous MSCs into akinetic/hypokinetic myocardial territories not receiving bypass graft for clinical reasons. MRI was used to measure scar, perfusion, wall thickness and contractility at baseline, 3, 6 and 18 months and to compare structural and functional recovery in regions that received MSC injections alone, revascularization alone, or neither. A composite score of MRI variables was used to assess concordance of antifibrotic effects, perfusion, and contraction at different regions. After 18 months, subjects receiving MSCs exhibited increased LVEF (+9.4±1.7%, p=0.0002) and decreased scar mass (-47.5±8.1%; p<0.0001) compared to baseline. MSC-injected segments had concordant reduction in scar size, perfusion and contractile improvement (concordant score: 2.93±0.07), whereas revascularized (0.5±0.21) and non-treated segments (-0.07±0.34) demonstrated non-concordant changes (p<0.0001 vs. injected segments). Conclusions : Intramyocardial injection of autologous MSCs into akinetic yet non-revascularized segments produces comprehensive regional functional restitution, which in turn drives improvement in global LV function. These findings, although inconclusive due to lack of placebo group, have important therapeutic and mechanistic hypothesis-generating implications. for the incorporating cell based into This study employed MRI imaging to independently assess regional changes in several important phenotypic parameters occurring in the ventricle in response to MSC injection. The study was designed to distinguish the effects of MSC injections from revascularization, per se, by selecting sites of injection as hypokinetic/akinetic segments that were not amenable for revascularization for clinical reasons. Our data show that injected segments respond substantially better compared to the rest of the heart, despite the lack of regional revascularization. We also show a progressive drop-off in regional phenotypic improvement as a function of distance from injection site. This study offers important insights into the mechanism of action of MSC therapy and provides novel guidance for cell injection strategies as future trials are planned for cell therapy for patients with ischemic heart disease.
Object-Action Imagery 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Prototypical actions with objects are more easily imagined than atypical actions 9 10

Tool use is an important facet of everyday life, though sometimes it is necessary to use 27 tools in ways that do not fit within their typical functions. Here we asked participants to 28 imagine characters using objects based on instructions that fit the prototypical actions for 29 the object or were atypical in a novel object-action imagery task. Atypical action 30 instructions either described sensible, substitute uses of the object, or actions that were 31 bizarre but possible. Participants were better able to imagine the prototypical than 32 atypical actions, but no effect of bizarreness was found. We additionally assessed inter- 33 individual differences in movement imagery ability using two objective tests. 34 Performance in the object-action imagery task correlated with the movement imagery 35 tests, providing a link between motor simulations and mental imagery ability.
Weighted Leverage Centrality for Region Role Identification in Brain Networks

: In recent times, the representation of brain as a network for understanding its complex structure and function are evolving tremendously. The identification of regions playing the key role is determined through the centrality measures. The changes in the brain connectivity exhibit the alterations in the brain and thus helpful in diagnosing the neurological disorders. Various centrality measures are employed to identify the central nodes in the brain network and leverage measure is one among them. Leverage centrality is a simple measure which finds the centrality score for a node based on the connectivity of its neighbours. To improve the scoring ability of leverage in the aspect of indirect neighbour’s influence, a variant of leverage has been proposed. In addition to degree of a neighbour, the eigenvector measure is multiplied as a weight factor(i.e. connectivity of neighbour’s neighbour). The weighted leverage measure is compared against other measures namely degree, betweenness, eigenvector and leverage centrality in the perspective of proper identification of network hubs. Experiments have been conducted on the group average functional connectivity matrix obtained from the resting state fMRI of the healthy people. The outcomes have projected the significant improvement in hub determination on comparison with other centrality measures.
T Cell Levels in Humanized Mice + CD4Suppresses HIV-1 Viral Loads and Improves In Vivo Blockade of the PD-1 Receptor

The programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway limits the function of virus-speciﬁc T cells during chronic infection. We previously showed that blockade of the PD-1 pathway increases HIV-1–associated T cell function in vitro. However, the effect of PD-1 blockade on HIV-1 disease progression in vivo has not been examined. As in humans, HIV-1–infected humanized BALB/c-Rag2 2 / 2 g c 2 / 2 (Rag-hu) mice express elevated levels of PD-1 on T cells during chronic infection. To examine the effect of PD-1 blockade on disease progression, Rag-hu mice with chronic HIV-1 infection were treated with a blocking mAb directed against programmed cell death-1 ligand-1, the ligand for PD-1. Programmed cell death-1 ligand-1–treated Rag-hu mice exhibited a pro-gressive decrease in the HIV-1 plasma viral load, with a 7-fold decrease by day 7, a 20-fold decrease by day 14, a 178-fold decrease by day 21, and a 269-fold decrease by day 28 postinitiation of treatment. By day 7, the percentage of CD4 + T cells was statistically higher in the treated compared with the untreated group, and this trend was sustained throughout the 28-d treatment period. Moreover, there was a strong inverse correlation between plasma viral load and the percentage of both CD4 + ( r = 2 0.66; p < 0.0001) and CD8 + ( r = 2 0.64; p < 0.0001) T cells in the treated mice but not the untreated mice. This study provides “proof of concept” that humanized mice can be used to examine the effects of immunotherapeutic interventions on HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, to our knowledge, these data demonstrate for the ﬁrst
Treatment of Hospitalized Patients with Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections: Double-Blind, Randomized, Multicenter Study of Piperacillin-Tazobactam versus Ticarcillin-Clavulanate PIPERACILLIN/TAZOBACTAM SKIN SKIN

We compared the efficacy and safety of two 13-lactam-13-lactamase inhibitor combinations, namely, piperacillin-tazobactam and ticarcillin-clavulanate, in the treatment of complicated bacterial infections of skin that required hospitalization. The study was a randomized, double-blind, comparative trial involving 20 centers. The infections were classified as (i) cellulitis with drainage, (ii) cutaneous abscess, (iii) diabetic or ischemic foot infection, and (iv) infected wounds and ulcers with drainage. The clinical response rates were comparable for the two treatment regimens (61% of the patients were cured with piperacillin-tazobactam and ticarcillin-clavulanate and improvement was seen in 15 and 16%o of patients treated with piperacillin-tazobactam and ticarcillin-clavulanate, respectively). Both regimens were found to be safe and well tolerated. These data support the use of piperacillin-tazobactam for initial empiric therapy of hospitalized patients with complicated skin and skin structure infections.
Knee Osteoarthritis: A Review of Literature

Osteoarthritis (OA) is accepted as a major public health problem. It is one of the major causes of impaired function that reduces quality of life (QOL) worldwide. OA is a very common disorder affecting the joint cartilage. As there is no cure for OA, treatments currently focus on management of symptoms. Pain relief, improved joint function, and joint stability are the main goals of therapy. The muscle weakness and muscle atrophy contribute to the disease process. So, rehabilitation and physiotherapy were often prescribed with the intention to alleviate pain and increase mobility. However, as exercise has to be performed on a regular basis in order to counteract muscle atrophy, continuous exercise programs is recommended in people with degenerative joint disease. Therapeutic exercise regimes either focus on muscle strengthening and stretching exercises or on aerobic activity which can be land or water based. This article presents on overview of the current knowledge on OA and focuses on biomechanics, etiology, diagnosis and treatment strategies, conservative treatment including the physical therapy management are discussed. This information should assist health care practioners who treat patients with this disorder.
BIROn - Birkbeck Institutional Research Online

Motivation: We present flexiMAP (flexible Modeling of Alternative PolyAdenylation), a new beta-regression-based method implemented in R , for discovering differential alternative polyadenylation events in standard RNA-seq data. Results: We show, using both simulated and real data, that flexiMAP exhibits a good balance between specificity and sensitivity and compares favourably to existing methods, especially at low fold changes. In addition, the tests on simulated data reveal some hitherto unrecognised caveats of existing methods. Importantly, flexiMAP allows modeling of multiple known covariates that often confound the results of RNA-seq data analysis.
Global Gene Expression Proﬁles Suggest an Important Role for Nutrient Acquisition in Early Pathogenesis in a Plant Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection (cid:1)

Although Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that does not often naturally infect alternate hosts, such as plants, the plant- P. aeruginosa model has become a widely recognized system for identifying new virulence determinants and studying the pathogenesis of the organism. Here, we examine how both host factors and P. aeruginosa PAO1 gene expression are affected in planta after inﬁltration into incompatible and compatible cultivars of tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.). N. tabacum has a resistance gene (N) against tobacco mosaic virus, and although resistance to PAO1 infection is correlated with the presence of a dominant N gene, our data suggest that it is not a factor in resistance against PAO1. We did observe that the resistant tobacco cultivar had higher basal levels of salicylic acid and a stronger salicylic acid response upon inﬁltration of PAO1. Salicylic acid acts as a signal to activate defense responses in plants, limiting the spread of the pathogen and preventing access to nutrients. It has also been shown to have direct virulence-modulating effects on P. aeruginosa . We also examined host effects on the pathogen by analyzing global gene expression proﬁles of bacteria removed from the intracellular ﬂuid of the two plant hosts. We discovered that the availability of micronutrients, particularly sulfate and phosphates, is important for in planta pathogenesis and that the amounts of these nutrients made available to the bacteria may in turn have an effect on virulence gene expression. Indeed, there are several reports suggesting that P. aeruginosa virulence is inﬂuenced in mammalian hosts by the availability of micronutrients, such as iron and nitrogen, and by levels of O 2 .
WEAKLY INTERACTING MASSIVE PARTICLE DARK MATTER AND FIRST STARS: SUPPRESSION OF FRAGMENTATION IN PRIMORDIAL STAR FORMATION

We present the first three-dimensional simulations to include the effects of dark matter annihilation feedback during the collapse of primordial minihalos. We begin our simulations from cosmological initial conditions and account for dark matter annihilation in our treatment of the chemical and thermal evolution of the gas. The dark matter is modeled using an analytical density profile that responds to changes in the peak gas density. We find that the gas can collapse to high densities despite the additional energy input from the dark matter. No objects supported purely by dark matter annihilation heating are formed in our simulations. However, we find that dark matter annihilation heating has a large effect on the evolution of the gas following the formation of the first protostar. Previous simulations without dark matter annihilation found that protostellar disks around Population III stars rapidly fragmented, forming multiple protostars that underwent mergers or ejections. When dark matter annihilation is included, however, these disks become stable to radii of 1000 AU or more. In the cases where fragmentation does occur, it is a wide binary that is formed.
Intercellular Transfer of Drug Resistance1

The effect of i. -phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM) on heterogeneous cell populations containing sensitive and resistant cells was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis of DNA damage. Cell cultures were treated with L-PAM for 1 h, fixed, and stained with anti-DNA monoclonal antibody which detects DNA damage induced by alkylating agents. DNA damage was significantly lower in sensitive A2780 cells cocultured with resistant A549 or A2780/PAM cells than in A2780 cells grown separately. De crease of DNA damage in sensitive cells did not occur when sensitive and resistant cells were grown in common medium without direct contact. Transfer of drug resistance in cocultures was prevented by phorbol ester which is known to inhibit metabolic cooperation via cell junctions. Treat ment of cocultures with buthionine sulfoximine increased DNA damage in resistant cells and prevented decrease of DNA damage in sensitive cells. Glutathione (GSH) content in A2780 cells cocultured with A549 cells was significantly higher than GSH content in A2780 cells grown separately. \V'e conclude that decreased response of sensitive cells in cocultures was induced by contact transfer of GSil from GSH-rich resistant cells to sensitive cells. Intercellular transfer of drug resistance demonstrated by analysis of DNA damage was confirmed by colony formation assay. Treatment with L-PAM and Adriamycin killed all cells in A2780/MDR and A549 cultures. Coculture of these lines survived combination treatment because transfer of GSH to multidrug-resistant cells from GSH-rich A549 cells induced resistance to L-PAM and Adriamycin in a single cell. The presence of 2% A549 cells increased resistance of A2780/MDR cells to L-PAM. Phorbol ester eliminated resistance of coculture to combination treatment.Metabolic cooperation between cell subsets with different mechanisms of drug resistance induced resistance to treatment with drugs of different classes (multiclass drug resistance). Inhibition of cell cooperation may improve the response of tumors to combination chemotherapy.