Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Different Storm Parameters as the Proxies for Gridded Total Lightning Flash Rates: A Convection-Allowing Model Study

Lightning simulation is important for a variety of applications, including lightning forecast, atmospheric chemical simulation, and lightning data assimilation. In this study, the potential of five storm parameters (graupel volume, precipitation ice mass, radar echo volume, maximum updraft, and updraft volume) to be used as the proxy for the diagnosis of gridded total lightning flash rates has been investigated in a convection-allowing model. A mesoscale convective system occurred in the Guangdong province of China was selected as the test case. Radar data assimilation was used to improve the simulation accuracy of the convective clouds, hence providing strong instantaneous correlations between observed and simulated storm signatures. The areal coverage and magnitude of the simulated lightning flash rates were evaluated by comparing to those of the total lightning observations. Subjective and the Fractions Skill Score (FSS) evaluations suggest that all the five proxies tested in this study are useful to indicate general tendencies for the occurrence, region, and time of lightning at convection-allowing scale (FSS statistics for the threshold of 1 flash per 9 km2 per hour were around 0.7 for each scheme). The FSS values were decreasing as the lightning flash rate thresholds used for FSS computation increased for all the lightning diagnostic schemes with different proxies. For thresholds from 1 to 3 and 16 to 20 flashes per 9 km2 per hour, the graupel contents related schemes achieved higher FSS values compared to the other three schemes. For thresholds from 5 to 15 flashes per 9 km2 per hour, the updraft volume related scheme yielded the largest FSS. When the thresholds of lightning flash rates were greater than 13 flashes per 9 km2 per hour, the FSS values were below 0.5 for all the lightning diagnostic schemes with different proxies.
Synthesis of Polymer/Silica Hybrid Latexes by Surfactant-Free RAFT-Mediated Emulsion Polymerization

The reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique was used to synthesize random copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate) (PEGA) and n-butyl acrylate (BA) and terpolymers of acrylic acid (AA), PEGA and BA with a trithiocarbonate reactive end-group. These macromolecular RAFT agents (macro-RAFTs) were subsequently adsorbed at the surface of size-monodisperse colloidal silica particles with diameters varying between 40 and 450 nm. Adsorption isotherms for both macro-RAFTs could be well fitted to the Langmuir adsorption model, the AA-based macro-RAFT agent showing however a lower maximum adsorption. The adsorbed macro-RAFT agents were subsequently chain extended with a mixture of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and BA by starved feed emulsion polymerization. Cryo-TEM analysis of the resulting hybrid latexes synthesized in the presence of the P(AA-co-PEGA-co-BA) terpolymers resulted in multipod-like particles while the P(PEGA-co-BA) copolymers showed the formation .
Comparison of a Bayesian and a standard approach for estimating a temporal trend of perfluoroalkyl acids in sewage sludge

ABSTRACT A comparison of two alternative approaches is presented, which are used to assess on a regional scale a dominating temporal trend of concentrations of long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in sewage sludge. The question is tackled whether a dominating trend can be deduced from a few actual determinations, as few as possible. This study uses time series of concentrations of PFAAs in sewage sludge, represented by regression slopes from 729 waste water treatment plants. The standard approach for assessing a dominating trend is based on arithmetic means, standard deviation and standard error. The alternative approach is based on Bayesian parameter estimation. Both approaches are compared within a Monte Carlo sampling. With the standard approach, at least 40 regression slopes are necessary to reduce the standard error to a reasonable degree, even by including 60 regression slopes the standard deviation does not level off. The Bayesian approach achieves trustworthy results with fewer data: by including 21 regression slopes into the evaluation, the probability already exceeds 90% for estimating the same temporal trend as if all 729 regression slopes would have been evaluated.
A Quadratic Programming Approach for Microwave Imaging

Microwave imaging is an emerging technique with applications in various areas, such as geoscience, aviation, and medicine. One of the classic methodologies to address this inverse problem is the Born iterative method (BIM), which divides the nonlinear problem into two linear subproblems: a forward and an inverse one. Several methods can be coupled within this framework to solve the inverse subproblem. This work proposes a formulation for the inverse subproblem in terms of a quadratic programming one, which allows the application of an exact methodology with an adequate mechanism to enforce a particular type of a priori information: the limits of the range of possible contrast values of the objects. This is one of the main contributions of this article and an adaption of the formulation to the use of multiple frequencies and regularization functions. The methodology was able to reconstruct images with few iterations. Several experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology in different scenarios considering synthesized geometries and breast phantoms. Mean error per pixel of less than 0.25% for synthesized geometries and 4.6% for breast phantoms (mean value of 0.74% among the experiments) were obtained for the approximations of the scattered field data and the contrast map, in addition to adequately reconstructing objects with different positions, geometries, and contrasts. The comparison between the original BIM and the proposed method with only Tikhonov regularization and no enforcement of prior information showed similar performance. On the other hand, the proposed method with the enforcement of prior information has presented a better performance than the original BIM in 14 of 19 experiments related to the synthesized geometries. The ability to enforce a priori information in the proposed method on the lower and upper bounds of the contrast was responsible for reducing the error by 25%, on average, with respect to the same obtained in the experiments when this information was not considered. In addition, the results also suggested that the enforcement of this information was able to speed up the convergence of the proposed method.
Effect of Current Velocity on Cd Accumulation in the Aquatic Moss Fontinalis antipyretica

With the aim of further standardizing biomonitoring techniques with aquatic mosses, the relationship between the velocity of water flow and cadmium (Cd) accumulation in transplants of the moss Fontinalis antipyretica was investigated. For this purpose, moss transplants were exposed in a controlled aquatic environment to different concentrations of Cd (0, 4, 16 and 36 ng g−1) and different water velocities (10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 cm s−1). The Cd concentrations in the moss transplants mainly depended on the Cd concentration in the water, but a small fraction of the variance was explained by water velocity. The Cd concentrations in moss were standardized to remove the effect of the concentration in the water so all the data could be analyzed together. The regression model for the standardized concentrations explained 23% of the variance in Cd accumulation in F. antipyretica and water velocity proved to be a significant predictor of Cd accumulation.
Design and Development of a Seamless Smart Morphing Wing Using Distributed Trailing Edge Camber Morphing for Active Control

In this study, the design and development of an autonomous morphing wing concept were investigated. The morphing wing was developed in the scope of the Smart-X project, aiming to demonstrate in-flight performance optimisation. This study proposed a novel distributed morphing concept, with six Translation Induced Camber (TRIC) morphing trailing edge modules, interconnected with triangular skin segments joined by an elastomer material to allow seamless variation of local lift distribution along the wingspan. A FSI structural analysis tool was developed, to achieve a feasible design, capable of reaching target shapes and minimising the actuation loads with fibreglass weave material. A conventional actuator and kinematic mechanism were selected such that both static and dynamic requirements in terms of bandwidth, actuation force and stroke were fulfilled. The integration of smart sensing technologies and active morphing design developed for the Smart-X wing is facilitated in static and dynamic wind-tunnel tests at the Open Jet Facility (OJF) at the Delft University of technology, with multi-objective control of the active morphing system.
Effects of Three Instructional Strategies on Senior Secondary School Students’ Achievement in Summary Writing

The study investigated the effects of three summary writing strategies; Direct Instruction, Cognitive Strategy and ReadTest Strategy on Senior Secondary School student’s achievement in English language summary writing. The study population consists of 12,766 Senior Secondary year two (SS 2) students from Edo South Senatorial District and a sample of 373 students participated in the study. Three research questions which were all hypothesized guided the conduct of the research. A pre-test and post-test quasi experimental design was used for the study. The instrument used for data collection was an Achievement Test in Summary Writing (SATSW) adopted from past West African Examination Council (WAEC) English language Paper 2 question paper. The reliability of the instrument was r.96 with an inter-rater reliability estimate of . 89. Both descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency, mean, standard deviation and ANCOVA were used to analyse the data. The findings revealed significant difference in achievement amongst students taught using the different strategies. The results showed that the experimental group performed better with Direct Instruction Strategy being the most effective for teaching students summary writing. Cognitive Strategy was also found to contribute to students’ summary writing than the Read-Test Strategy. Thus, it was recommended that English language teachers should be exposed to training in summary writing strategies like Direct Instruction and Cognitive Strategy through workshops and seminars with the hope that this would help to enhance students’ summary writing skills.
Data Mining Approach for Cyber Security

Use of internet and communication technologies plays significant role in our day to day life. Data mining capability is leveraged by cybercriminals as well as security experts. Data mining applications can be used to detect future cyber-attacks by analysis, program behavior, browsing habits and so on. Number of internet users are gradually increasing so there is huge challenges of security while working in the cyber world. Malware, Denial of Service, Sniffing, Spoofing, cyber stalking these are the major cyber threats. Data mining techniques are provides intelligent approach for threat detections by monitoring abnormal system activities, behavioral and signatures patterns. This paper highlights data mining applications for threat analysis and detection with special approach for malware and denial of service attack detection with high precision and less time.
The Predictive Factors of Expectation Regarding Aging: The Role of the Sense of Belonging

Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the correlation between the sense of belonging and expectation regarding aging in the elderly. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 elderly residents in Tehran and Ghazvin, Iran. The expectations regarding aging (ERA-12) was used to evaluate the same variable, and the other measurement tool was the sense of belonging instrument. Results: The sense of belonging had a direct, significant correlation with expectation regarding aging (β = 0.466; P < 0.001), so that the sense of belonging could predict various dimensions of expectation regarding aging, such as physical health (β = 0.20; B = 0.08; P < 0.001), mental health (β = 0.40; B = 0.31; P < 0.001), and cognitive function (β = 0.40; B = 0.34; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Considering the obtained results, it is recommended that special attention be paid to psychological factors (e.g., sense of belonging) in order to improve interpersonal relations and healthy aging in the elderly. Furthermore, these factors have a significant impact on the life expectancy and quality of life of this population.
Identification of sustainable control and digital dimension errors in business organizations

In recent years, the technique of centralized control of complex production processes has moved from the stage of development and experimentation to widespread industrial implementation. Centralized control equipment is used in large, complex objects, and the control systems themselves are so complex that they cannot be calculated or reasonably selected using the methods used for conventional control and measuring equipment. The work undertaken recently in order to create various calculation methods for centralized control systems, at best, solved individual particular problems, often from different initial positions, and, apparently, there was a need for generalizing work that would give the system designers centralized control is an efficient settlement tool. Of the technical characteristics of centralized control systems, the most essential and most fully reflecting the effectiveness of their operation is accuracy, especially if this concept is broadly approached, including any deviation from the required system behavior in the error. Centralized control systems are used in various fields: to control production processes, for scientific research, including space objects, for testing and researching technical structures, for monitoring the health of complex equipment. These applications have a number of similarities and, however, differ in the number of requirements put forward by individual applications. When writing the article, the main attention was paid to centralized control systems for continuous production processes, which, in contrast to a number of testing and research systems, are characterized by the duration of action, since the production processes themselves in most cases run continuously for many hours, days or even months.
Discrimination between the final state of t t¯ H and t t¯ A using neural network

The Higgs Boson discovered in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is still assumed to be the Standard Model Higgs Boson -a scalar particle. But there are still possibilities for a pseudo-scalar Higgs Boson. Currently, LHC has not been able to discriminate whether the particle is a scalar, pseudo-scalar, or mixed-scalar-pseudoscalar particle. The focus of this research is in the formulation of the neural network algorithm to discriminate between event signals from a scalar Higgs Boson and pseudo-scalar Higgs Boson in the Higgs production channel of associate production of Higgs Boson with a pair of top-antitop quark in a proton-proton collision pp → t t¯ H with center of mass energy s=13 Tev with only Higgs decaying to a pair of bottom-antibottom quark had been considered. The set of discriminating variables used is the 3-momentum of all the final state particles. Discriminating efficiency of 0.412 was obtained which showed relatively small discriminating power.
Fictivity in Vogue: a cognitive-functional categorization of fictive speech acts in a fashion corpus using corpus linguistics

: Fashion pervades different instances of culture, ranging from clothes to language and behavior. In this paper, we analyze the occurrence of three fictive speech categories (PASCUAL, 2014) as storytelling strategies in sections of North American Vogue magazine. This paper aims at investigating through a mixed-method approach cognitive-functional categories of fictive speech acts based on a corpus analysis of a corpus with fashion texts. We collected 200 texts from Vogue magazine (printed edition) from 2015 to 2018. In a sample of 60 texts, sentential (SENT), intra-sentential (INTRA) and inter-sentential (INTER) fictive acts were manually identified and categorized in each text through tags. The quantitative analysis mapped the counts of each category per year and per text and the qualitative in-depth analysis investigates instances from each category and their interpretation in the light of Fashion and cognitive and corpus linguistics theories. The findings show that the occurrence of the categories of fictive speech acts varies per year with opposing trends, though they tend to co-occur in the same texts. Therefore, fictive speech acts function as recurrent discursive strategies to foster a conversational environment in texts from Vogue magazine.
The Relationship between Personality Traits and Face Shapes in Chinese Traditional Physiognomy

Objective: Physiognomy has over 3000 years of history in China, where the belief that personality can be discerned through physiognomy is widespread. However, it hasn’t been fully verified by scientific research. Through experiments, this paper explores the relationship between face shape and corresponding personality in physiognomy, and how face shape affects people’s judgment of personality. Method: According to the eight face shapes theory of physiognomy, 10 trained laboratory assistants have selected 64 typical faces through 3816 pieces of ID photos following a designated procedure, and tested the selected 64 persons’ scores of Cattell’s 16 Personality Factors Test. Eight more ID photos have been randomly selected, and each one has been modified by Image Processing Technology into eight face shapes, keeping other facial features same to ensure that the only variable is face shape, and ultimately obtained 64 artificial faces. 949 undergraduates, as participants, have visually judged these 128 faces in a laboratory by using E-prime 2.0 and 16PF Rating Scale. Results: Overall, there was no significant difference of tested sixteen personality traits among eight typical faces. Through a post-hoc test, some face shapes are perceived to have certain significant differences in some personality traits than a certain face shape. For example, on factor Q2 of 16PF, a heart-shaped face (M = 2.625*) is significantly lower than a diamond-shaped face (M = 4.375). In contrast, there are various differences among the eight face shapes on people’s visual judgmental of personality traits. For example, the heart-shaped face (M = 4.01**) is significantly lower than all other face shapes on factor A). By comprising the tested personality traits and perceived personality traits of each face shape, there are significant differences among some personality traits (e.g. diamond face on factor B, t = ? 2.847**). Conclusions: Traditional physiognomy theory which explains personality by face shapes can’t be supported by the results. People are affected by the inherent stereotype (such as people with square face look like more right-minded), and tend to make a judgment about people’s personalities according to stereotypes of face shapes. Although their judgments are inconformity with the real personality traits, it indeed influences many people’s judgments on personality. According to this research, if people can tailor their face shape to someone’s preferences by using makeup, it will be easier for them to make a good impression with that person.
Student and faculty interaction in motivated learning for face-to-face and online marketing classes

Abstract Researchers in the scholarship of teaching and learning are converging on the need to examine deeper motivational processes. This research addresses the conceptual and methodological issues identified in the learning literature. Using situated learning theory and motivational theory we develop hypotheses related to the perceived relational quality of the learning community, perceived student-faculty interaction, and mastery goal orientation. We test for differences between delivery modes and examine relationships among constructs. The research holds implications for future marketing education research and teaching.
Spins in organic semiconductors : revealing the dominant mechanisms of organic magnetoresistance

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Key role of rotated domains in oxygen intercalation at graphene on Ni(1 1 1)

Herein, we provide a complete description of the intercalation of oxygen at the strongly interacting graphene on Ni(1 1 1), highlighting the role of rotated graphene domains in triggering the intercalation. High-resolution core-level photoelectron spectroscopy provided a full characterization of the interface at each stage of the intercalation, revealing the formation of an oxide layer between graphene and the metal substrate. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements showed that the oxide decouples efficiently graphene from the substrate, restoring the Dirac cone and providing a slight n-doping. Photoelectron diffraction experiments revealed that graphene domains not aligned with the Ni substrate are the first to be intercalated with oxygen and are preferential regions under which the oxygen is retained during the deintercalation.
Comparison of Microbiological Water Quality and Chlorine Level Between Adult Public Swimming Pool and Baby Public Swimming Pool in Klang Valley, Malaysia.

Background: Swimming becomes one of the favorites sports in Malaysian due to the health benefits, for essential skills. The public swimming pool not only for an adult but there are for created for children as well. Most of the public swimming pool also provided a with two type of pool, adult and baby swimming pool.Objective: The purpose for this research is to compare the microbiological water quality and chlorine level between adult and baby public swimming pool in Klang Valley.Methodology: 21 water sample from public swimming pools include hotel, apartment, and public swimming pool in Lembah Klang, Malaysia was collected. The water samples collected in sterile bottles (30 ml). Physicochemical parameters determine by using standard instruments and methods (rainbow model 78), and the presence of the colony was using a heterotrophic plate count (HPC). Result: From heterotrophic plate count result shown out of 21 swimming pool for adult and 21 swimming pool for baby, 19.1% did not follow the World Health Organization (WHO), HPC. The microbiological quality (mean colony count) between baby and adult pool, there were slight differences of at 0.24%. The baby pool shows the higher value at of colony count at 111±197.334 compared with adult pool at 87.095±149.543. The independent t-test showed there is no significant between these groups with a p-value for at 0.65 (>0.05). For chlorine level, baby pool showed 47.6% swimming pools follow standard chlorine level and for an adult pool, 42.9 %. Comparing between two groups, baby pools show higher value with of chlorine at 1.581 ± 1.369 while adult pool at 1.414±1.293. The p-value for both as analyzed by independent t-test shows 0.694 (>0.05), which is not significant.Conclusion: The study recommends improvement in personal hygiene of swimmers, adequate disinfection of the pools and enforcement of standards by the government.