Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Generic Matrix Method to Model the Magnetics of Multi-Coil Air-Cored IPT Systems

This paper deals with a generic methodology to evaluate the magnetic parameters of contactless power transfer systems. Neumann’s integral has been used to create a matrix method that can model the magnetics of single coils (circle, square, rectangle). The principle of superposition has been utilised to extend the theory to multi-coil geometries such as double circular, double rectangle and double rectangle quadrature assuming linearity of magnetics. Numerical and experimental validation has been performed to validate the analytical models developed. A rigorous application of the analysis has been carried out to study misalignment and hence the efficacy of various geometries to misalignment tolerance. Comparison of single-coil and multi-coil shapes considering coupling variation with misalignment, power transferred and maximum efficiency is carried out.
Growth and Detachment of Cell Clusters from Mature Mixed-Species Biofilms

ABSTRACT Detachment from biofilms is an important consideration in the dissemination of infection and the contamination of industrial systems but is the least-studied biofilm process. By using digital time-lapse microscopy and biofilm flow cells, we visualized localized growth and detachment of discrete cell clusters in mature mixed-species biofilms growing under steady conditions in turbulent flow in situ. The detaching biomass ranged from single cells to an aggregate with a diameter of approximately 500 μm. Direct evidence of local cell cluster detachment from the biofilms was supported by microscopic examination of filtered effluent. Single cells and small clusters detached more frequently, but larger aggregates contained a disproportionately high fraction of total detached biomass. These results have significance in the establishment of an infectious dose and public health risk assessment.
Patterns of Father Involvement in Teenage-Mother Families : Predictors and Links to Mothers ’ Psychological Adjustment

We examine longitudinal patterns of involvement of young, unmarried biological fathers (n = 77) in teenage-mother families using cluster analytic techniques that incorporate multiple dimensions of financial, emotional, and instrumental involvement. Approximately one-third of fathers maintained high levels of involvement over time, another third demonstrated a low level at both time points, and the final third started out highly involved at wave 1 but decreased to low levels of involvement by wave 2. Multinomial logistic analyses suggest that mothers’ positive relationships with both the father and his family predict a greater likelihood of initiated and sustained high father involvement. In contrast, stronger support from the maternal grandmother is related to decreasing father involvement over time, and coresidence with the grandmother is related to sustained low father involvement. While a decreasing pattern of father involvement was significantly associated with increased maternal parenting stress over time, the patterns of father involvement were unrelated to changes in young mothers’ levels of depressive symptoms and mastery.
THE SEGMENTATION OF POINT CLOUDS WITH K-MEANS AND ANN (ARTIFICAL NEURAL NETWORK)

Abstract. Segmentation of point clouds is recently used in many Geomatics Engineering applications such as the building extraction in urban areas, Digital Terrain Model (DTM) generation and the road or urban furniture extraction. Segmentation is a process of dividing point clouds according to their special characteristic layers. The present paper discusses K-means and self-organizing map (SOM) which is a type of ANN (Artificial Neural Network) segmentation algorithm which treats the segmentation of point cloud. The point clouds which generate with photogrammetric method and Terrestrial Lidar System (TLS) were segmented according to surface normal, intensity and curvature. Thus, the results were evaluated. LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and Photogrammetry are commonly used to obtain point clouds in many remote sensing and geodesy applications. By photogrammetric method or LIDAR method, it is possible to obtain point cloud from terrestrial or airborne systems. In this study, the measurements were made with a Leica C10 laser scanner in LIDAR method. In photogrammetric method, the point cloud was obtained from photographs taken from the ground with a 13 MP non-metric camera.
Interactions of PTH and PTHrP with the PTH/PTHrP Receptor and with Downstream Signaling Pathways: Exceptions That Provide the Rules

PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH) is known to be a major regulator of extracellular calcium homeostasis and can defend against reductions in extracellular calcium at least in part by enhancing bone resorption. Although the major glandular form of PTH is a straight-chain 84 amino acid peptide, most if not all of its bioactivity is believed to reside within the NH2-terminal 34 residues. Much additional interest in PTH has been generated in recent years by the discovery that it can exert profound anabolic effects on bone and that these effects may be of therapeutic value in osteoporosis. Although PTH-related protein (PTHrP), a peptide comprised of 139–173 amino acids, was also initially recognized for its skeletal catabolic effects as part of the syndrome associated with hypercalcemia of malignancy, this entity has also been shown to exert anabolic effects on bone similar to those of PTH. Furthermore, the NH2terminal 34–36 amino acids of PTHrP appear to be sufficient for eliciting anabolic activity in bone although other actions have been ascribed to more COOH regions of the molecule.
Moving into the neighborhood: thinking beyond individuals to improve cardiovascular health.

Improving national cardiovascular health (CVH) is the American Heart Association’s 2020 Strategic Impact Goal.1 To achieve this ambitious goal, there is an appropriate strong focus on counseling and educating our patients about hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and healthy behaviors. However, there is an additional opportunity that may ultimately be critical to our success. Too often neglected, contextual factors also have a strong influence on cardiovascular risk. By contextual variables, we mean the environment in which we live, to include the structural or built environment (eg, buildings, sidewalks, parks, recreational facilities) and the social environment (ie, the trust and bonds between community members). Emerging research is showing that these factors may influence risk through their effect on health behaviors and risk factors, as well as through other pathways. Importantly, these factors may be essential in efforts to shift the risks and improve the health of populations. Articles see p 524 In this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes , we have an example of the emerging literature directing our attention toward contextual factors associated with cardiovascular health. Unger et al2 report the association of a range of neighborhood characteristics with a global measure of cardiovascular health using data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). The MESA is well designed to examine the environmental context on health because it includes a cohort of both sexes and 4 race/ethnic groups without clinical cardiovascular disease at the time of enrollment from 6 communities in different regions of the United States and captures information about the participants’ cardiovascular risk and perception of their neighborhood along with current and prior addresses that can be used to identify elements of the neighboring structural environment. Although initial studies from MESA focused …
HISTOLOGICAL, CYTOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE STOMACH OF TWO COMMON SPECIES OF EGYPTIAN BATS, ROUSETTUS AEGYPTIACUS AND TAPHOZOUS NUDIVENTRIS -

The present investigation was planned to study the stomach of two species of bats, frugivorous bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) and insectivorous bat (Taphozous nudiventris). Histologically, the stomach wall of both species exhibits four general regions, mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa. The mucosa is thrown up into numerous villi-like folds (rugae) of various shapes and lengths and consists of gastric cells (surface and neck mucous cells, parietal and chief cells). The submucosa consists of connective tissue, blood and lymph vessels. The muscularis externa consists of outer thin longitudinal and inner thick circular muscle layers. The cytological observations confirmed the histological results. There are some differences between the four gastric cell types of the two species of bats are demonstrated. Additionally, by using Masson's trichrome and azan stains, the collagenous fibres are more numerous, dense and compact in tunica submucosa of T. nudiventris while the fibres are thin and irregular in R. aegyptiacus. In the histochemical study, the distribution of polysaccharides is demonstrated by PAS technique. The mucous cells of surface epithelium seem to secrete high mucin in both R. aegyptiacus and T. nudiventris. The gastric gland, mucous neck cells, and muscularis mucosa of R. aegyptiacus display moderate distribution of polysaccharides less than in T. nudiventris. The gastric cells of R. aegyptiacus have dense content of protein as shown by using BPB dye while muscularis externa and muscularis mucosa are demonstrated with moderate protein contents. In contrary, the gastric cells of T. nudiventris have moderate content of proteins while muscularis externa and muscularis mucosa have high proteins. Acid & alkaline phosphatases (AcP & AlP) activity is detected by azo dye precipitation (Gomori method). The gastric cells of mucosa of R. aegyptiacus have strong AcP activity and is more pronounced in muscularis, submucosa and muscularis of the stomach of T. nudiventris. The AlP activity is concentrated in the mucous cells of surface epithelium and isthmus region in both species of bats. The gastric cells of base and neck regions as well as muscularis and submucosa of stomach have no AlP activity in both species.
The dental health and caries-related microflora in children with craniosynostosis.

OBJECTIVE To compare levels of dental caries, bacterial dental plaque, gingivitis, enamel defects, and caries-related microflora in children with and without craniosynostosis. STUDY GROUP Fifty-seven children with craniosynostosis and their matched controls. OUTCOME MEASURES The decayed, missing, and filled teeth and surfaces in both the deciduous (dmfs and dmft) and the permanent dentition (DMFS and DMFT). The plaque and gingivitis scores and developmental enamel defects were also recorded. The caries-related microflora was sampled using an alginate swab and the prevalence of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus and Candida species were recorded. RESULTS The dmfs (p <.02) and dmft (p <.01) were significantly greater in the control children. The plaque score for the deciduous dentition only (p <.02) and also the gingivitis score for the permanent teeth only (p <.008) in the craniosynostosis group were significantly greater. The total aerobic bacterial count (p <.004), anaerobic count (p <.002), and Candida count (p <.05) were significantly greater in the control group. The proportion of S. mutans both as a percentage of the total anaerobic count (p <.04) and the total streptococcal count (p <.05) was significantly greater in the control group.
DESyne novolimus-eluting coronary stent is superior to Endeavor zotarolimus-eluting coronary stent at five-year follow-up: final results of the multicentre EXCELLA II randomised controlled trial.

AIMS Newer-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) have been shown to be superior to first-generation DES. Current-generation DES have zotarolimus, everolimus or biolimus as antiproliferative drugs. Novolimus, a metabolite of sirolimus, has been specifically developed to provide efficacy similar to currently available agents at a lower dose and thus requires a lower polymer load. We report the final five-year outcomes of the EXCELLA II trial comparing a zotarolimus-eluting stent (ZES) with a novolimus-eluting stent (NES). METHODS AND RESULTS EXCELLA II is a prospective, multicentre, single-blind, non-inferiority clinical trial. Patients (n=210) with a maximum of two de novo lesions in two different epicardial vessels were randomised (2:1) to treatment with either NES (n=139) or ZES (n=71). At five-year follow-up, patients in the NES group had a significantly lower incidence of the patient-oriented (HR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.32-0.87, p=0.013) and device-oriented (HR 0.38, 95% CI: 0.17-0.83, p=0.011) composite endpoints. There was no difference in cardiac death and definite/probable stent thrombosis between the two groups; however, there was a trend towards reduction in myocardial infarction and repeat revascularisation in the NES group at five-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS At five-year follow-up, the incidence of device- and patient-oriented events was significantly lower in the NES group. Further studies, adequately powered for clinical outcomes, are warranted.
Simplification of Patent Claim Sentences for their Paraphrasing and Summarization

We present an approach to patent claim simplification which segments claim sentences into clausal discourse units, transforms them into complete sentences, establishes coreference relations and builds a discourse structure between discourse units. The four stages are necessary to allow for the syntactic analysis of otherwise unparsable claim sentences and their regeneration using discourse structure and coreference relations in order to ensure the production of a cohesive and coherent paraphrase/summary. Motivation In order to facilitate the comprehension of patent claims, which are very hard to read due to their complex linguistic style, we developed a rule-based paraphrasing and summarization module (Wanner et al. in press) that consists of three main components: the claim simplification component, the parsing component, and the regeneration component. In what follows, we focus on the claim simplification component. Claim simplification segments claim sentences into clausal discourse units, transforms them into complete sentences, establishes coreference relations and, finally, builds a discourse structure between discourse units. The four stages are necessary to allow for the syntactic analysis of otherwise unparsable claim sentences and their regeneration using discourse structure and coreference relations in order to ensure the production of a cohesive and coherent paraphrase/summary.
EFFECT OF OIL SHALE ASH APPLICATION ON LEACHING BEHAVIOR OF ARABLE SOILS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Oil shale ash contains mineral ingredients of agricultural importance and could be used for treatment of soils. However, the ash contains several hazardous ingredients, i.e. toxic trace metals which could be mobile and create environmental concerns. Beneficial use of the oil shale ash in agriculture and forestry requires better knowledge of leaching characteristics of soil-ash systems. In this study two different ash samples have been added to two types of soil, particularly Rendzic Leptosol and Podzolic Gleysols, in order to investigate the leaching characteristics of soil/ash mixtures using the traditional leaching scheme and a scheme modified by pretreatment (incubation) of solid in wet conditions. The pH, conductivity and concentration of Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn and Ni in leachates are determined. The results revealed that transport of hazard components to the water phase was highly dependent on the type of soil and ash and leaching method used. Throughout the experiment, concentrations of heavy metals in leachates of any combination of soil and fly ash are low. The most mobile metals are found to be nickel, zinc and chromium. Application of oil shale ash to soil might increase mobile fraction of Ni in soil. For the safe recycling of oil shale wastes in agriculture, it is recommended to take into account the leaching behavior of trace elements as ingredients in combustion ash.
Influence of the method of evaluation of infrared spectra on results of spectral analysis

Analysis of infrared spectra (IR) can serve to the identification of material properties, changes during aging or quantitative analysis of compounds in composite materials. For the proper quantification, the decision about the technique of measurement and method of evaluation must be performed. Peak intensity or area is possible to use for this purposes. Both methods have their advantage and disadvantages. From this reason paper is focused on the example of different methods of spectral evaluation based on the analysis of aging process of mineral oil. The spectral band (height and peak area) of low-temperature inhibitor (3650 cm-1) was evaluated by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).
Copy number variations in candidate genes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

PURPOSE The pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is strongly influenced by genetic factors, and single nucleotide polymorphisms have been consistently linked to AMD. Copy number variation (CNV), or variation in the number of copies of a particular segment of DNA, may also contribute to AMD pathogenesis. This study evaluated CNVs in candidate genes that have been reported to be linked to AMD. METHODS Study participants were 131 patients with neovascular AMD and 103 elderly persons without AMD who were evaluated by retinal specialists at the National Eye Institute. DNA was collected from peripheral whole blood, and duplex RT-PCR based copy number (CN) assays were performed for the genes CCR3, CFH, CX3CR1, ERCC6, HTRA1, and VEGF. Quantitative CNs (CN = 0, 1, 2, or 3+) were determined. RESULTS Novel CNVs were discovered in CCR3, CX3CR1, and ERCC6. The unadjusted data suggested that CN = 3+ for CX3CR1 might be mildly protective against AMD, but this trend did not persist after adjustment for age. AMD patients appeared to have an elevated mean CFH CN relative to controls (2.13 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.05-2.21] vs. 2.01 [95% CI, 1.92-2.09 copies]; P = 0.05). No significant associations between CNV and AMD were observed for the remaining genes. CONCLUSIONS The methods described are suitable for quantitative characterization of CNV in candidate genes. The authors identified CNVs in AMD-associated genes but did not find strong evidence for a link with neovascular AMD.
Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics Symposium on Geometry Processing, Barcelona, Spain, July 4-6, 2007

Geometry Processing is an emerging research field whose goal is to develop the new mathematical, computational, and engineering tools needed for efficient processing of 3D geometric information. This book contains the research papers presented at the Fifth Eurographics/ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Geometry Processing (SGP), held in Barcelona, Spain, July 4-6, 2007. SGP is the premier venue for disseminating new research ideas and cutting-edge results in computerized processing of geometric models. The research papers included in this book address diverse topics in Geometry Processing, including: shape interrogation, modeling, and representation; surface reconstruction, optimization, fairing, and compression; and mesh generation, parameterization, and editing. This year we received a total of 74 submissions. Because of the generally high quality of the submissions, the evaluation process has been very selective. After receiving all reviews and going through a short period of intensive discussion amongst the program committee members, we were able to accept 21 Full and 7 Short papers for SGP 2007. Unlike last year's symposium, all papers have received the same page limits in this printed proceedings, but Short papers have been given abbreviated presentation slots. In addition to the technical paper presentations the conference had three invited speakers: Pankaj Agarwal (Duke University), Tony DeRose (Pixar), and Craig Gotsman (Technion). For the second year, an Industry Panel was held to provide a platform for discussing the most challenging research problems in industrial applications. This year's panelists were Francois Chretien (Adobe), Emil Praun (Google), Michael Garland (NVIDIA), and Tony DeRose (Pixar).
Physiological Significance of Well-tolerated Inspiratory Pressure to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patient with Hypercapnia During Noninvasive Pressure Support Ventilation

ABSTRACT The inspiratory pressure is often set by tolerance of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patient during noninvasive pressure support ventilation (PSV). However, physiological effects of this setting remain unclear. This study was undertaken to assess the physiological effect of highest tolerated assist level on COPD patient. The baseline inspiratory pressure (PS) was titrated by tolerance in 15 severe COPD patients with hypercapnia during acute exacerbation. In addition to the baseline PS, an additional decrease by 25% (PS− = 75% PS) or increase by 25% (PS+ = 125% PS) of PS was applied to the patients. Each level lasted at least 20 minutes. Respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (Vt), inspiratory effort (PTPpesin/min), and neuro-ventilatory coupling (VE/RMS%) were measured. Asynchrony Index (AI) was calculated. The Vt and VE/RMS% were significantly increased by PS level (Vt: 561 ± 102 ml, VE/RMS%: 1.06 ± 0.42 L/%, comfort score: 7.5 ± 1.1). The inspiratory muscles were sufficiently unloaded (PTPpesin/min 56.67 ± 32.71 cmH2O.S/min). In comparison with PS, PS+ resulted in a further increase in Vt, VE/RMS% and AI (P < 0.01), with no further reduction in neural drive (RMS) and respiratory muscle activity (P > 0.05). Increasing inspiratory pressure significantly enhances the VE/RMS% and Vt. However, the inspiratory pressure higher than COPD patient's most tolerated level cannot lead to further reduction in respiratory muscle load and RMS, but more asynchrony events. Physiological data can monitor the patient's responses and the ventilator-patient interaction, which may provide objective criterion to ventilator setting.
Design of mantle cloaks through a System-by-Design approach

The System-by-Design procedure is here adopted in order to design in an efficient way a multi-layer mantle cloak which has the aim of reducing the observability of large dielectric cylinders. Indeed, in order to minimize the Scattering Cross Section (SCS) of non-electrically small objects it is necessary to cancel not only the fundamental scattering mode, but also higher modes. The arising design problem, i.e. the choice of the cover parameters (radius and surface impedance of each layer), is very complex due to its strong non-linearity. The SbD paradigm is adopted to effectively and efficiently explore the solution space. The potentialities of the presented SbD-SC technique are demonstrated through a preliminary numerical example.