Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FISH Analysis of 45S rDNA on the Chromosomes of Chinese Old Garden Roses

The diversity of 45S rDNA ribosomal RNA genes(rDNA) was studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) in the chromosomes of 10 Chinese old garden rose cultivars.The results were as following:(1) Rosa chinensis ‘Slater’s crimson China’,R.chinensis ‘Parson’s pink China’ and R. ‘Viridiflora’had two 45S rDNA sites on their diploid genomes.R. ‘Huzhongyue’,R. ‘Qinglianxueshi’and R. ‘Chunshuilubo’had three 45S rDNA loci on their triploid genomes.Except that only three 45S rDNA sites were observed on the nucliei of R. ‘Dafugui’,there were all four 45S rDNA loci on the genomes of tetraploid cultivars,such as R. ‘Yipinzhuyi’,R. ‘Mudanyueji’and R. ‘Jinfenlian’. So,the number of 45S rDNA sites was almost consistent with the ploidy level of Chinese Old Garden Roses,indicating that the Chinese Old Garden Roses might have a simple origination with only several wild rose species involved. (2) The intensities of 45S rDNA hybridization signals differed much among the 10 cultivars,suggesting that the Chinese old garden roses were diversified in chromosomal structure and 45S rDNA copies.
Data mining of ESTs to develop dbEST-SSRs for use in a polymorphism study of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)

Summary Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) provide a valuable resource for developing simple sequence repeat (SSR; microsatellite) markers. In this study, 3,364 EST sequences belonging to four varieties of Brassica oleracea (botrytis cauliflower), capitata (cabbage), italica (broccoli), and gemmifera (brussels sprout) and to Arabidopsis thaliana, derived from the NCBI website (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucest), were screened for SSR motifs using two search programmes, MISA (http://pgrc.ipk-gatersleben.de/misa/misa.html) and SSRIT (http://www.gramene.org/db/markers/ssrtool). A total of 76 ESTs were found to contain tri-nucleotide or tetra-nucleotide repeat motifs, with AAC and ACAT being in greatest abundance. Using PRIMER3 software (www.frodo.wi/mit.edu/primer3), 62 primer pairs were designed for further use as potential genic markers. Of this set, 16 primer pairs were custom synthesised and used in polymorphism studies on cauliflower. Annotation analysis using BLASTX revealed that a putative function could be assigned to 15 of the 16 EST-SSRs selected for primer design. Thirteen of these 16 markers gave scorable bands, 11 of which revealed moderate-to-high polymorphism information content (PIC) values across 20 genotypes of cauliflower. Eighteen genomic SSR primers were also used in this study, out of which 16 primer pairs amplified cauliflower DNA, eight primers being polymorphic. Cluster analysis based on dendrograms formulated using the UPGMA algorithm revealed the genetic distances between genotypes, which so far have been based only on morphological traits. The new set of EST–SSR markers described in this study should be useful for further studies on genetic diversity and genome analysis in this major crop species.
Analyzing family interaction: Taking time into account.

Recent advances in hardware and software have made the coding and analyzing of family interaction an easier task. The availability of relatively inexpensive devices that preserve time as part of the record makes the coding of onset and offset times of a variety of behavioral events feasible. Such data can be represented as timed-event sequences through Sequential Data Interchange Standard conventions and analyzed with a computer program designed for sequential analysis (the Generalized Sequential Querier). Coding units (entities coded, such as events) need not be the same as tallying units (entities counted, such as seconds) ; in fact, much can be gained by regarding them separately. Examples of both time-based reliability assessment and sequential analysis, and lagged event-based log-linear analysis, are presented.
METAPHOR-BASED SCHEMAS AND TEXT REPRESENTATIONS : MAKING CONNECTIONS THROUGH CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS

In a reply to R. Ratcliff and G. McKoon's (1995a) article on bias in the object decision task, D. L. Schacter and L. A. Cooper (1995) critiqued their theoretical arguments and presented an updated view of priming in the object decision task. In the present article, the updated view is examined in detail, and it is questioned whether Schacter and Cooper's explanation of the data is sufficiently articulated to be falsifiable. It is also argued in the present article that evidence from other research domains is not directly supportive of the memory systems hypothesis and that the statistical power available in data from object decision experiments is not great enough to test some relevant hypotheses. Finally, the bias hypothesis (Ratcliff & McKoon, 1995a) is elaborated to show that it requires a particular pattern of experimental results and that it serves as a target phenomenon for modeling.
Introducing virtual instance variables in classes to provide sufficient support for encapsulation

Encapsulation is a technique for minimizing interdependecies among separately-writen modules by defining strict external interfaces. Many popular object-oriented languages (e.g, Smalltalk, Flavors, Objective-C and Eiffel) allow free access to inherited instances variables by descendant classes, thus denying the designer the freedom to compatibly change the represnntation of a class without affecting clients and severly compromising encapsulation. In this paper, by introducing virtual instance variables and providing two interfaces (client-interface and subclass-interface) for a class, we give a class mechanism which provides sufficent support for encapsulation and is implemented in NDOOM, a object-oriented dialect of Modula-2 which we are developing.
Determinants of Negative Priming

The negative priming task is widely used to investigate attentional inhibition. A critical review of the negative priming literature considers various parameters of the task (e.g., time course, relation to interference, level of occurrence, and susceptibility to changes in task context). It also takes into account life span data and the performance of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. On these bases, the review suggests that negative priming can be produced by 2 mechanisms: memorial and inhibitory. With respect to inhibition, the review suggests that (a) there are 2 systems, one responsible for identity and the other for location information; and (b) inhibition is a flexible, postselection process operating to prevent recently rejected information from quickly regaining access to effectors, thus helping to establish coherence among selected thought and action streams.
Three Noteworthy Cacti of Southwestern Utah

In the spring of 1939 and 1940 Dr. Fred A. Barkley collected some unusual cacti in southwestern Utah in the vicinity of the Desert Experimental Range west of Milford. These cacti were locally known as Opuntia fragilis. Dr. Barkley called the author's attention to them and at the same time further collections were made by Drs. Selar Hutchings and Gordon Marsh of the U.S. Desert Experimental Range Staff.
Evaluation of Pulmonary Hypertension by the Changes of Hepatic Vein Flow Doppler Spectrum

For seeking a new approach to evaluate pulmonary hypertension(PH)by the changes of hepatic vein flow(HVF)spectrum,we examined HVF velocity waveform in 30 nomal subjects and 28 patients of congenital heart disease undergoing diagnostic right cardiac catheterization by color Doppler echocardiography and found the characteristic changes in HVF spectrum of patients with PH. The best correlation was acquired between(aVm+vVm)/(sVm+dVm)or(aVI+vVI)/(sVI+dVI)and mean pulmonary artery pressure(r=0.7057,r=0.6509,P<0.01 respectively). Evaluating PH with(aVm+vVm)/(sVm+dVm)or(aVI+vVI)/(sVI+dVI)resulted in better sensitivity and specificity.We concluded that the changes of HVF spectrum is a new useful method in evaluating PH and could counteract the weakness of the other ways or assess the pulmonary artery pressure well as combined with the others. Key words: hepatic vein flow spectrum; Doppler echocardiography; pulmonary hypertention
Analysis of Cold Tolerance Measure at Low-temperature in Six Tilapia Families

The study was done to assess the cold hardy capacity in 6 families of U.S.strains tilapia Oreochromis aureus.In the condition of indoor artificial cooling,with 0.3 °C/3 h cooling method,calculated the semi-lethal low-temperature(LT50),lethal temperature and cooling degree hours(CDH) for each tilapia family to assess the cold tolerance of each family.The results showed that the LT50 values of the six families:5.80、5.70、5.80、5.83、6.00、5.80 °C and the CDH values are:1 102.50、1 130.67、1 113.00、1 092.10、1 047.03、1 092.10 h.The correlation analysis and multiple comparisons among LT50 values and CDH values showed that family Ⅴ were significant differences among with other families,which means that its cold hardy capacity is relatively weaker than the other families,while the LT50 values and CDH values of the rest families showed no statistical difference among themselves.The cold hardy capacity of the 6 families have been inherited stably and enhanced.
MORPHOGENETIC AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GUINEA GRASS PASTURES UNDER ROTATIONAL STOCKING STRATEGIES

SUMMARY The objective of this study was to evaluate morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Guinea grass pastures subjected to two grazing frequencies (90 and 95% light interception) and two post-grazing heights (30 and 50 cm), during the rainy season and dry year. The leaf appearance rate varied only in the summer, the grazing pastures managed at 90/50 (light interception/post-grazing height) presented higher values in the leaf appearance rate (0.440 leaf/tiller.day), compared with those managed at 90/30 (0.275 leaf/tiller.day) and 95/50 (0.228 leaf/tiller.day), respectively. In the winter/beginning of the spring, pastures managed at 90/30 (0.03 cm/tiller.day) presented lower stem elongation rate in comparison with those managed at 90/50 (0.19 cm/tiller.day) and 95/30 (0.16 cm/tiller.day). Management strategies do not compromise the tissue flow in tillers and, consequently, can be utilized for the management of Guinea grass.
The role of endogenous retinoic acid in jaw development

ii Preface . iii Table of contents . iv List of tables . vii List of figures . viii List of abbreviations . ix Acknowledgments . xi Chapter 1 – Introduction . 1 1.1 Retinoic acid transport, biosynthesis and catabolism . 2 1.1.1 Retinol transport . 2 1.1.2 Retinaldehyde conversion to the active metabolite, retinoic acid . 3 1.1.3 Canonical retinoic acid receptors and transcriptional activity . 4 1.1.4 RA degradation . 6 1.2 The role of endogenous RA in facial development . 10 1.3 Facial prominences and their skeletal derivatives . 13 1.3. 1 NCC origins of face . 13 1.3. 2 The facial prominences . 16 1.3. 3 Skeletal derivatives of the facial prominences . 19 1.4 Rationale . 22 1.5 Approach . 22 1.6 Hypotheses . 22 1.7 Objectives. 23
Effects of Thermal and Non-Thermal Pre-Processing Methods on Physical Parameters of Jack bean ( Canavalia ensiformis )

Effects of thermal and non-thermal pre-processing methods on the physical parameters of jackbean seed were investigated. The bean was subjected to three pre-processing methods roasting and autoclaving which are thermal and sprouting a non-thermal pre-processing method. The physical parameters evaluated include length, width and thickness which were done by the use of digital venier caliper, sphericity index by the use of formula and aspect ratio which is the ratio between length and width. The results of physical characterization revealed that all the pre-processing methods used had effects on the seed. With roasting, there was decrease in all these parameters except sphericity index: length 19.00– 15.00 mm, width 13.00–11.00 mm, thickness 10.75–10.55 mm and sphericity index 72.88–80.20 %. The aspect ratio decreased with pre-processing time for all the treatments used from 1.461. 33. Kernel density (g/cm), bulk density (g/cm) and density ratio for the untreated seed were 1.24, 0.73 and 0.59 respectively. However, with autoclaving and sprouting, there was increase in length from 19.00–24.00 mm, width 13.00–18.00 mm, thickness 10.75-11.10 mm but a decrease in sphericity index (72.8867.46 %) as the pre-processing time increased. These results are very useful in designing of processing equipment for the jackbean seeds thus, encouraging the industrial utilization of the seed. DOI: https://dx.doi. org/10.4314/jasem.v22i9. 04 Copyright: Copyright © 2018 Odedeji et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CCL), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Transfer of Bursaphelenchus okinawaensis (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) associated with Monochamus maruokai (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) into M. alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Psacothea hilaris (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

We examined the transfer of Bursaphelenchus okinawaensis associated with Monochamus maruokai into M. alternatus and Psacothea hilaris using a simple nematode loading method in order: i ) to clarify the effects of cerambycid beetles on the formation of dauer juveniles of B. okinawaensis ; and ii ) to clarify whether dauer juveniles transfer to cerambycid beetles other than M. maruokai . Dauer juveniles appeared at a high percentage without M. alternatus or P. hilaris and these beetles did not have any positive effects on their formation. Dauer juveniles transferred to the adults of M. alternatus and P. hilaris . We concluded that dauer juveniles of B. okinawaensis form readily without its vector beetles and may be able to transfer to many kinds of cerambycid beetles, although the numbers carried by a beetle are small.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics Study of the Li2TiO3(001) Surface

We have investigated the (001) surface structure of lithium titanate (Li2TiO3) using auger electron spectroscopy (AES), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Li2TiO3 is a potential fusion reactor blanket material. After annealing at 1200 K, LEED demonstrated that the Li2TiO3(001) surface was well ordered and not reconstructed. STM imaging showed that terraces are separated in height by about 0.3 nm suggesting a single termination layer. Moreover, hexagonal patterns with a periodicity of ∼0.4 nm are observed. On the basis of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, these are interpreted as a dynamic arrangement of Li atoms.
Frequency of Two Genetic Polymorphisms of CYP1A2 Gene in Iranian Population

Aim: The present study was conducted to explore the allelic and genotypic frequencies of CYP1A2 gene polymorphisms, CYP1A2*1C (3860 G>A) and CYP1A2*1F (163 C>A), among 200 healthy Iranian volunteers. Study Design: Completely randomized design.
Karyotypic analysis of BMY cattle and Brahman

【Objective】 The research was to observe the karyotypes of BMY cattle and Brahman and to accumulate cytogenetic data for a new beef breed(BMY cattle). 【Method】 Metaphase chromosomes of BMY cattle and Braham were prepared from peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures.Conventional staining karyotypes of BMY cattle and Brahman were compared. 【Result】 Both BMY cattle and Brahman have a diploid number of 2n=60 and the karyotypes consist of 29 pairs of acrocentric autosomes and one pair of sex chromosome.The sex(X) chromosomes in females are one pair of submetacentric chromosomes.The Y chromosome in males is a small acrocentric chromosome which is similar to indicus-type(or zebu-type). There are no differences between the karyotypes from BMY cattle and Brahman,which is consistent with the breeding history of BMY cattle.BMY cattle's karyotypes are much the same to those of Yunnan yellow cattle,Yak,Penniu and Galiba ox in the chromosome numbers and patterns;but distinct differences exist in those of Mithum,Yunnan gaur;Malayan gaur and Thai gaur. 【Conclusion】 The karyotypes of BMY cattle is 2n=60 with no apparent differences comparing to that of Brahman,and the Y chromosomes in BMY bulls are identical to Brahman's acrocentric Y chromosome belonging to indicus-type.
Dual Effect of b-Adrenergic Receptors on Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase

The enzymatic activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) increases in response to agents acting on a variety of cell surface receptors, including receptors linked to heterotrimeric G proteins of the Gi and Gq family. Recently, it has been shown that stimulation of b-adrenergic receptors, which are typical of those that act through Gs to activate adenylyl cyclases, potently activates MAP kinases in the heart, resulting in the hypertrophy of the cardiac muscle (Lazou, A., Bogoyevitch, M. A., Clerk, A., Fuller, S. J., Marshall, C. J., and Sudgen, P. H. (1994) Circ. Res. 75, 938–941). We have observed that exposure of COS-7 cells to a b-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol, raises intracellular levels of cAMP and effectively activates protein kinase A (PKA) and an epitope-tagged MAP kinase. However, MAP kinase stimulation by isoproterenol was neithermimicked by expression of an activated mutant of Gas, nor by treatment with PKA-stimulating agents. Moreover, pretreatment of COS-7 with a permeable cAMP analog, 8-Br-cAMP, markedly decreased MAP kinase activation by either isoproterenol or epidermal growth factor. Thus, in COS-7 cells cAMP and PKA do not appear to mediate MAP kinase activation by b-adrenergic receptors. Signaling from b-adrenergic receptors to MAP kinase was inhibited by transfection of a chimeric molecule consisting of the CD8 receptor and the carboxyl terminus of the b-adrenergic receptor kinase, which includes the bg-binding domain. MAP kinase activation by isoproterenol was not affected by depletion of protein kinase C, but it was completely abolished by expression of Ras-inhibiting molecules. We conclude that signaling from b-adrenergic receptors to MAP kinase involves an activating signal mediated by bg subunits acting on a Ras-dependent pathway and a Gas-induced inhibitory signal mediated by cAMP and PKA. The balance between these two opposing mechanisms of regulation would be expected to control the MAP kinase response to b-adrenergic agonists as well as to other biologically active agents known to act on Gs coupled receptors, including a number of hormones, neurotransmitters, and lipid mediators.
Implicit theories of intelligence: Reconsidering the role of confidence in achievement motivation.

Self-confidence and its related constructs are among the most widely researched variables in the literature on achievement. However, findings on the link between self-confidence and achievement are not consistent. While some researchers have found significant correlations between selfconfidence about one's intellectual ability and achievement outcomes (e.g., Brookover & Passalacqua, 1981; J. G. Jones & Grieneeks, 1970; Marsh, 1984; Shavelson & Bolus, 1982; Shell, Murphy, & Bruning, 1989; for a review, see Hattie, 1992), others find only weak associations between the two variables (for a meta-analysis, see Hansford & Hattie, 1982).
Sutureless valve and rapid deployment valves: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies.

Background The treatment of aortic valve disease is the most common valvular surgery in industrialized nations, with 3-9% of the population over the age of eighty having at least moderate aortic stenosis. As transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become more established, newer surgical prostheses have been developed with a variety of anchoring systems that do not rely solely on sutures to hold the valve in an appropriate position. The Edwards Intuity valve is a bovine pericardial prosthesis that is modelled on the widely implanted Perimount MagnaEase aortic prosthesis. The Perceval valve is a bovine pericardial valve attached to a self-expanding nitinol stent, which uses the radial force exerted on the patient's aortic annulus and aortic root by the stent portion to hold the valve in position. This meta-analysis compares the outcomes of comparative studies of these two valve systems. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis compares the outcomes of rapid deployment valves (RDV) and sutureless valves (SURD) and was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations and guidance. The search strategy interrogated six electronic databases. Outcomes measured included all-cause mortality at latest follow up, stroke, cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) times, pacemaker implantation rates, paravalvular leak and post-operative transvalvular gradient. Results The search strategy identified 407 unique papers for initial assessment with seven studies qualifying for inclusion in the analysis. The outcomes of 4,076 patients (1,650 RDV, 2,426 SURD) were included. There was no difference in mortality, stroke or moderate or worse paravalvular regurgitation between the two groups. SURD had significantly shorter CPB time by 15.7 minutes [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.2-27.1; P=0.007] and a shorter cross-clamp time by 11.3 minutes (95% CI: 6.3-16.3; P<0.001) compared to RDV. RDV had a lower post-operative transvalvular gradient by 2.5 mmHg (95% CI: 1.2-3.8; P<0.001) and a lower rate of mild paravalvular regurgitation (OR 2.51; 95% CI: 1.435-4.768; P=0.004). Conclusions Both valve types have an adequate safety profile and are comparable to conventional sutured prostheses. There was a significant reduction in cross-clamp and CPB times associated with SURD. This may be of benefit for patients requiring multiple concomitant procedures and increases the utility of minimally invasive valve replacement. However, SURD was associated with higher post-operative transvalvular gradients and a higher incidence of paravalvular regurgitation.
Form-36 ( SF-36 ) and conventional objective outcome scales in patients with postoperative tibial plateau fractures

Objective: Patient-based outcome measures are actively utilized within the subjective health status and functional status of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between existing Knee Society Score(KSS), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) and to evaluate their correlation with each other as well as to evaluate their measurement capabilities. Materials and Methods: In the study, we have retrospectively evaluated 43 healthy knees and 43 operated knees of a total of 43 patients with Schatzker type 2 and type 3 tibial plateau fractures that were treated surgically between July 2010 and March 2016 in our clinic. Patients were evaluated weekly with SF-36 General Physical Functional Score and also with the WOMAC, KSS and KOOS scoring systems, which are scoring systems that are used to address specifically the problems with the knee joint. Result and Conclusion: The KSS Functional Score and the KOOS Daily Functional Score were found to be reliable for the functional evaluation of the knee joint. We believe that the numerical scoring system used by WOMAC Functional Scoring causes distraction and we believe that the measurement effectiveness is reduced as a result. As a result of this study, we think that we need to be very careful when selecting and using evaluation scales where the responses are first matched to numerical values.