Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Turbulent Integral Length Scale on The Drag of a Circular Cylinder in Cross Flow

The effects of the Reynolds number (Re), freestream turbulence intensity (Tu) and integral length scale () on the drag coefficient (Cd) of a circular cylinder in cross flow were experimentally studied for 6.45╫10^3<Re<1.82╫10^4. ABS cylinders of three different diameters, and three aluminum orificed perforated plates were used. Tu was fixed at approximately 0.5%, 5%, 7% and 9% and the normalized integral length scale (/D) was varied from 0.35 to 1.05. Current smooth flow results are consistent with the standard Cd versus Re results in the literature. Present turbulent results have confirmed the general trend of decreasing Cd with increasing Tu. The effectiveness of Tu in reducing Cd is found to lessen with increasing /D. Most interestingly, freestream turbulence of low Tu and large /D can increase the Cd above the corresponding (same Re) smooth flow value. Most significant Cd reduction of 74.7% was detected at Re=18200, Tu=9% and/D=0.35.
Which visual property correlates with the relationship between numerosity sense and arithmetic fluency

ABSTRACT Previous studies have demonstrated the association between visual perceptions (i.e., form, luminance, area, and colour perception) and numerosity processing; however, there is a lack of evidence on the different roles of visual perceptions that contribute to the close relationship between numerosity processing and arithmetic computation. Using a sample of 259 Chinese primary students, this study investigated the visual perception properties that underlie the relationship between numerosity processing and arithmetic ability. A series of cognitive tasks were used to assess their numerosity processing, arithmetic fluency, visual perception, and other general cognitive abilities as cognitive covariates. Visual perceptions were measured through figure matching, luminance matching, colour matching, and area matching tasks. The results showed that form, luminance, area, and colour perception significantly correlated with numerosity processing. Only form perception fully accounted for the close relationship between numerosity and arithmetic fluency. These results suggested that visual form perception was fundamental for numerosity processing and arithmetic fluency.
DEGREE OF POLARIZATION AND SOURCE COUNTS OF FAINT RADIO SOURCES FROM STACKING POLARIZED INTENSITY

We present stacking polarized intensity as a means to study the polarization of sources that are too faint to be detected individually in surveys of polarized radio sources. Stacking offers not only high sensitivity to the median signal of a class of radio sources, but also avoids a detection threshold in polarized intensity, and therefore an arbitrary exclusion of sources with a low percentage of polarization. Correction for polarization bias is done through a Monte Carlo analysis and tested on a simulated survey. We show that the nonlinear relation between the real polarized signal and the detected signal requires knowledge of the shape of the distribution of fractional polarization, which we constrain using the ratio of the upper quartile to the lower quartile of the distribution of stacked polarized intensities. Stacking polarized intensity for NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) sources down to the detection limit in Stokes I, we find a gradual increase in median fractional polarization that is consistent with a trend that was noticed before for bright NVSS sources, but is much more gradual than found by previous deep surveys of radio polarization. Consequently, the polarized radio source counts derived from our stacking experiment predict fewer polarized radio sources for future surveys with the Square Kilometre Array and its pathfinders.
A UNIVERSAL POWER-LAW PROFILE OF PSEUDO-PHASE-SPACE DENSITY-LIKE QUANTITIES IN ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES

We study profiles of mass density, velocity dispersion (VD), and a combination of both using ∼2000 nearly spherical and rotation-free Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies. For observational stellar mass density ρ⋆(r), we consider a range of dark matter (DM) distribution ρDM(r) and VD anisotropy β(r) to investigate radial stellar VD σ⋆r(r) using the spherical Jeans equation. While mass and VD profiles vary appreciably depending on DM distribution and anisotropy, the pseudo-phase-space density-like combination with total density ρ(r) = ρ⋆(r) + ρDM(r) is nearly universal. In the optical region, the negative logarithmic slope has a mean value of 〈χ〉 ≈ 1.86–1.90 with a galaxy-to-galaxy rms scatter of ≈0.04–0.06, which is a few times smaller than that of ρ(r) profiles. The scatter of χ can be increased by invoking wildly varying anisotropies that are, however, less likely because they would produce too large a scatter of line of sight VD profiles. As an independent check of this universality, we analyze stellar orbit-based dynamical models of 15 early-type galaxies (ETGs) of the Coma cluster provided by J. Thomas. Coma ETGs, with σ⋆r(r) replaced by the rms velocity of stars v⋆rms(r) including net rotation, exhibit a similar universality with a slope of χ = 1.93 ± 0.06. Remarkably, the inferred values of χ for ETGs match well the slope ≈1.9 predicted by N-body simulations of DM halos. We argue that the inferred universal nature of cannot be fully explained by equilibrium alone, implying that some astrophysical factors conspire and/or it reflects a fundamental principle in collisionless formation processes.
Evaluating the Influence of Network Structure on Boolean Networks and Cellular Automata

While there have been many papers respectively on the qualities of Boolean networks and Cellular Automata, little work has been done on comparing these networks to each other. Network parameters such as input count and choice of Boolean functions are often fixed in preparation of the experiments with less regard to what effect that choice has. In this paper a broader overview of how the choice of network structure and network parameters will affect the behavior of the network is given. Metrics such as iterations until stabilization (intermediary state count) and complexity of network behavior over time (functional complexity) are proposed, and evaluated for a set of 15 different network configurations. CA networks are observed to have much less functional complexity than BN, and in general BN seems to have more potential for complex behavior. It is also observed that for increasing values of dimension count/input count the functional complexity decreases.
Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Novel EPDM Foams Containing a Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage Applications

In this paper Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer rubber (EPDM) foams were filled with different amounts of paraffin, a common phase change material (PCM) having a melting temperature at about 70 °C, to develop novel rubber foams with thermal energy storage (TES) capabilities. Samples were prepared by melt compounding and hot pressing, and the effects of three foaming methods were investigated. In particular, two series of samples were produced through conventional foaming techniques, involving physical (Micropearl® F82, MP, Lehvoss Italia s.r.l. Saronno, Italia) and chemical (Hostatron® P0168, H, Clariant GmbH, Ahrensburg, Germany) blowing agents, while the salt leaching method was adopted to produce another series of foams. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and density measurements showed that MP led to the formation of a closed-cell porosity, while a mixed closed-cell/open-cell morphology was detected for the H foamed samples. On the other hand, foams produced through salt leaching were mainly characterized by an open-cell porosity. The qualitative analysis of paraffin leakage revealed that at 90 °C only the foams produced through salt leaching suffered from significant PCM leakage. Consequently, the thermo-mechanical properties were investigated only in samples produced with H and MP. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed that EPDM/paraffin foams were endowed by good TES properties, especially at higher PCM contents (up to 145 J/g with a paraffin amount of 60 wt%). Tensile and compressive tests demonstrated the addition of the PCM increased the stiffness at 25 °C, while the opposite effect was observed above the melting temperature of paraffin. These results suggest that the EPDM foams produced with H and MP show an interesting potential for thermal management of electronic devices.
Elastic contribution to interaction of vortices in uniaxial superconductors

The stress caused by vortices in tetragonal superconductors contributes to the intervortex interaction which depends on vortex orientation within the crystal, on elastic moduli, and is attractive within certain angular regions even in fields along the c crystal axis. For sufficiently strong stress dependence of the critical temperature, this contribution may result in distortions of the hexagonal vortex lattice for H||c. In small fields it leads to formation of a square vortex lattice with a fixed H independent spacing. This should be seen in the magnetization M(H) as a discontinuous jump of magnetization at the transition from the Meissner to mixed states.
Hubble Space Telescope and MERLIN Observations of the Jet in 3C 273

We present red and blue images of the jet of the quasar 3C 273 obtained with the WFPC2 on the Hubble Space Telescope as well as a new radio map made with the MERLIN array. The images are of significantly better quality than those of previous data. The two maps are aligned to an accuracy of 0. ″020; this accuracy is achieved because both the quasar and the jet are contained in both the radio and optical images. The start of the optical jet is marked by an elongated knot which appears identical at radio and optical wavelengths. Other knots in the optical jet correspond to narrow oblique features within the radio outline. The total width of the smooth emission in the optical jet is 0. ″7; the FWHM of the optical knots is 0. ″3. The knots may trace the current location of a narrow, perhaps helical jet lying within the outlines of the older radio cocoon.
Effect of the presence of predatory cues and hunger on cannibalistic behaviour of ladybird beetle, Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Cannibalism and its role in population dynamics, along with various factors influencing the rate of cannibalism, have been widely studied across taxa. The effects of predatory cue concentrations and starvation on cannibalistic tendencies and other life‐history traits in cannibalistic and non‐cannibalistic adults of Menochilus sexmaculatus were investigated. Egg cannibalism increased with increasing predatory cue concentration and was maximum in high predatory cue treatment; increased with starvation irrespective of their diet history. Latency to cannibalise eggs was shorter for cannibalistic adults as compared to non‐cannibalistic adults irrespective of their hunger status and concentration of conspecific cues. Non‐cannibalistic females have higher fecundity than cannibalistic females. In conclusion, both cannibalistic and non‐cannibalistic individuals respond differently to intrinsic (hunger) and extrinsic cues (predatory cue concentrations). Cannibalistic individuals cannibalise more than non‐cannibalistic ones at low levels of starvation and predatory cues. Our finding suggests that cannibalistic individuals are better at assessing the risk and removing future competitors, which might favour these individuals over non‐cannibalistic ones in adverse conditions and increased competition.
Neutron star deformation due to multipolar magnetic fields

Certain multi-wavelength observations of neutron stars, such as intermittent radio emissions from rotation-powered pulsars beyond the pair-cascade death line, the pulse profile of the magnetar SGR 1900+14 after its 1998 August 27 giant flare, and X-ray spectral features of PSR J0821 4300 and SGR 0418+5729, suggest that the magnetic fields of non-accreting neutron stars are not purely dipolar and may contain higherorder multipoles. Here, we calculate the ellipticity of a non-barotropic neutron star with (i) a quadrupole poloidal-toroidal field, and (ii) a purely poloidal field containing arbitrary multipoles, deriving the relation between the ellipticity and the multipole amplitudes. We present, as a worked example, a purely poloidal field comprising dipole, quadrupole, and octupole components. We show the correlation between field energy and ellipticity for each multipole, that the l = 4 multipole has the lowest energy, and that l = 5 has the lowest ellipticity. We show how a mixed multipolar field creates an observationally testable mismatch between the principal axes of inertia (to be inferred from gravitational wave data) and the magnetic inclination angle. Strong quadrupole and octupole components (with amplitudes � 10 2 times higher than the dipole) in SGR 0418+5729 still yield ellipticity � 10 8 , consistent with current gravitational wave upper limits. The existence of higher multipoles in fast-rotating objects (e.g., newborn magnetars) has interesting implications for the braking law and hence phase tracking during coherent gravitational wave searches.
Faith-Based Community Members, Family, and COVID-19: The Role of Family Cohesion, Social Support, and Spiritual Support on Quality of Life, Depression, and COVID-19-Prevention Behaviors

This study examined relationships between family cohesion, social support/spiritual support, and quality of life and depression among faith-based community members during the 2020 COVID-19 restrictions. Drawing upon the buffering model of social support and family cohesion as theoretical frameworks, the authors examined these factors in a survey of 551 faith-based community members between March 2020 and June 2020. Family cohesion had a direct and indirect effect (mediated by overall social support and spiritual support on quality of life). Moreover, family cohesion only had a direct effect on depression (e.g., not mediated by overall social support or spiritual support). Greater family cohesion and overall social support were predictive of increased COVID-19-prevention behaviors, while spiritual support was predictive of reduced COVID-19-prevention behaviors.
Rhythmic Physical Activity and Global Cognition in Older Adults with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review

Growing evidence suggests that rhythmic physical activity (PA) improves cognitive function in both persons with normal brain aging and with cognitive impairment. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of rhythmic PA over global cognition in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment. Different keywords related to the topic and Boolean operators were used in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases. A total of 11 articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed; all of them assessed global cognition using either the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) or the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Five studies showed beneficial effects over global cognition. All studies had at least one experimental group with rhythmic training, and the interventions evidenced a great diversity of rhythmic stimuli, as well as a varied frequency, duration and type of activities. The heterogeneity of the protocols could be the reason for the mixed findings. Future studies with more precise exercise prescriptions are needed to establish whether rhythmic PA has beneficial effects on global cognition.
Nonlinear Distortion by Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Kramers-Kronig Receiver Based Optical Transmission

Nonlinear distortion for single-sideband (SSB) signals will significantly reduce the performance of Kramers–Kronig (KK) receiver-based optical transmission. In this work, we present a proof-of-concept study of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS)-induced nonlinear distortion for 10 Gbaud and 28 Gbaud SSB QAM16 transmission over 80 km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) based on a KK receiver. Significantly reduced bit error rate (BER) has been experimentally observed due to the SBS and the threshold of SBS at about 7 dBm is detected for such an 80 km SSMF link. With left sideband (LSB) modulation of SSB, together with optical filtering, reduced SBS nonlinear distortion has been achieved with ~2 dB power tolerance improvement. The results reveal an important issue of SBS-induced nonlinear distortion, which would be of great significance for KK receiver-based optical transmission applications.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Segmented Porous Implant Fabricated by 3D Printing and CNC Composite Machining Technology

The purpose of this study was to design porous implants with particular structure and evaluate their biomechanical behavior. Thus, a segmented porous dental implant (SPDI) was designed and manufactured by 3D Printing and computer numerical control (CNC) composite machining technology. The FE analysis was used to investigate its static mechanical property. Fatigue test was performed to verify its fatigue life. Resonance frequency analysis and pull-out tests were carried out to study its primary stability. Results indicated that better stress distribution was observed for SPDI. Fatigue test showed that no fracture or failure occurred in SPDI samples after 8 million cycles. The average implant stability quotient (ISQ) values of the SPDI inserted into the porous and denser artificial bones were 68.7 and 73.0 respectively. The average maximum pull-out force of SPDI extracted from the artificial bones was 347.5 N. This study provided a new structural design and manufacturing method for porous implant. The results suggested that the novel porous implant obtained good mechanical adaptability and primary stability.
The combination of very-small size proteoliposomes and alum is a safe adjuvant alternative for inducing anti-EGF antibodies: a preclinical study

Immunization with human recombinant EGF chemically bound to the P64k protein of Neisseria meningitides (hrEGF-P64k) and adjuvanted in Montanide ISA 51 VG (Montanide) is an efficient strategy to induce polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) response targeting this self -antigen in cancer patients, which is the basis of the CIMAvax-EGF vaccine. The neutralizing potential of EGF-specific induced PAbs supports promising clinical data obtained to date with this vaccine. Herein, we evaluated a combination of very small-size proteoliposomes (VSSP) and aluminum hydroxide (Alum) as a novel adjuvant to induce specific PAbs with neutralizing and anti-proliferative properties on tumor cells, considering EGF as a model antigen. Toxicity at the injection site was not detected for the vaccine formulation containing VSSP/Alum, and it was immunogenic in BALB/c mice, as evidenced by the induction of high titers of EGF-specific polyclonal antibodies (PAbs). While schedule optimization increased the magnitude of the PAbs response induced by VSSP/Alum, induced PAbs’s avidity and intrinsic neutralizing potential were comparable to the humoral response induced by Montanide. Also, VSSP addition switched IgG subclasses distribution into a Th1-like pattern, as obtained with Montanide and desirable for a cancer vaccine. Finally, equivalent PAbs titers were induced by the vaccine formulations adjuvanted in VSSP/Alum or Montanide in tumor-bearing-mice, and immunosuppressed mice, suggesting the feasibility of the VSSP/Alum combined adjuvant for inducing anti-EGF antibodies in cancer patients at advanced stages of the disease.
Tangential cone condition for the full waveform forward operator in the elastic regime: the non-local case

We generalize results of [M. Eller and A. Rieder, Inverse Problems 37 (2021) 085011] from the acoustic to the elastic wave equation. That means we show injectivity of the Fr´echet derivative of the parameter-to-state map for a semi-discrete seismic inverse problem in the elastic regime. Here, the parameter space is spanned by functions which have a global support in the propagation medium (the non-local case) and are locally linearly independent. As a consequence we derive local conditional wellposedness of this nonlinear inverse problem. Furthermore, the tangential cone condition holds, which is an essential prerequisite in the convergence analysis of a variety of inversion algorithms for nonlinear illposed problems.
An Intelligent IoT Based Traffic Light Management System: Deep Reinforcement Learning

Traffic is one of the indispensable problems of modern societies, which leads to undesirable consequences such as time wasting and greater possibility of accidents. Adaptive Traffic Signal Control (ATSC), as a key part of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), plays a key role in reducing traffic congestion by real-time adaptation to dynamic traffic conditions. Moreover, these systems are integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) devices. IoT can lead to easy implementation of traffic management systems. Recently, the combination of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the IoT has attracted the attention of many researchers and can process large amounts of data that are suitable for solving complex real-world problems about traffic control. In this paper, we worked on the real-world scenario of Shiraz City, which currently does not use any intelligent method and works based on fixed-time traffic signal scheduling. We applied IoT approaches and AI techniques to control traffic lights more efficiently, which is an essential part of the ITS. Specifically, sensors such as surveillance cameras were used to capture real-time traffic information for the intelligent traffic signal control system. In fact, an intelligent traffic signal control system is provided by utilizing distributed Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) and applying the traffic data of adjacent intersections along with local information. By using MARL, our goal was to improve the overall traffic of six signalized junctions of Shiraz City in Iran. We conducted numerical simulations for two synthetic intersections by simulated data and for a real-world map of Shiraz City with real-world traffic data received from the transportation and municipality traffic organization and compared it with the traditional system running in Shiraz. The simulation results show that our proposed approach performs more efficiently than the fixed-time traffic signal control scheduling implemented in Shiraz in terms of average vehicle queue lengths and waiting times at intersections.
1 Activation of GPR183 by 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol induces behavioral hypersensitivity through MAPK and NF-κB

: Emerging evidence implicates the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), GPR183 in the development of neuropathic pain. Further investigation of the signaling pathways downstream of GPR183 is needed to support the development of GPR183 antagonists as 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-OHC), causes time-dependent development of mechano-and cold- allodynia (behavioral hypersensitivity). These effects are blocked by the selective small molecule GPR183 antagonist, SAE-14. However, the molecular mechanisms engaged downstream of GPR183 in the spinal cord are not known. Here, we show that 7α,25-OHC-induced behavioral hypersensitivity is Gα i dependent, but not β-arrestin 2-dependent. Non-biased transcriptomic analyses of dorsal-horn spinal cord (DH-SC) tissues harvested at the time of peak hypersensitivity implicate potential contributions of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). In support, we found that the development of 7α,25-OHC/GPR183 induced mechano-allodynia was associated with significant activation of MAPKs (extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK], p38) and redox-sensitive transcription factors (NF-κB) and increased formation of inflammatory and neuroexcitatory cytokines. blocked these effects and behavioral hypersensitivity. Our findings provide novel mechanistic insight into how GPR183 signaling in the spinal cord produces hypersensitivity through MAPK and NF-κB activation.