Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Operating reserve and reliability analysis of the Taiwan power system

A probabilistic approach to examining the effect of operating reserve on the reliability and security of the Taiwan power system is developed. To evaluate the probability of failure to carry load in system operation, an extension of the original PJM (Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland) method is presented. System security is analysed using the reliable emergency output power (REOP) index. The proposed methods are applied to evaluate the reliability and security of the Taiwan power system using the operating records of the past five years. 32 load patterns are examined for each year to cover the different seasons of the year, the different days of the week and the peak and off-peak periods of the day. The factors affecting system reliability and security such as the amount and type of spinning reserves and the availability of rapid-start units are extensively examined. It is found that the presented probabilistic approach can provide valuable information which can assist the system operators to reach a secure and reliable, as well as economical, unit commitment strategy.
Stress Problems at the Steam Drum Fatigue Checking Point of a Supercharged Boiler

On the basis of the proposed computing method for the low-cycle fatigue lifetime of a supercharged boiler steam drum, and the two computing principles, which super-pose the resultant stress of the internal pressure stress and the radial temperature difference heat stress at the boiler steam drum fatigue checking point, whose influences on the low-cycle fatigue lifetimes of one supercharged boiler steam drum were calculated, compared and analyzed, there out the computing principle of a supercharged boiler for superposing the resul-tant stress of the above-mentioned two stresses was opened out. The simplified computing method, which will be applied to calculating the alternating stress range in a stress cycle at the supercharged boiler steam drum fatigue checking point, was also derived from combining the design feature of a super-charged boiler steam drum with theory analysis, and com-paring with the Chinese Standard computing method, this computing method not only can reduce the calculational work-load, but also can simplify the calculational steps greatly. Thereby the proposed computing method for the low-cycle fatigue lifetime of a supercharged boiler steam drum was also further simplified.
Design Aspects of Printed Monopole Antennas for Ultra-Wide Band Applications

This paper presents the design equations for lower band-edge frequency for all the regular shapes of printed monopole antennas with various feed positions. The length of the feed transmission line is a critical design parameter of these monopole antennas. Design curves for the length of the feed transmission line for various lower band-edge frequencies for all these regular shaped monopoles have been generated. A systematic study has been presented to explain the ultra-wide bandwidth obtained from these antennas with an example of elliptical monopole antenna.
Testing method for the evaluation of parametric excitation of cylindrical gears

Nowadays, quality, vibrations, and noise have become increasingly important considerations in gear design. Recent gear research has shown that variation in gear mesh stiffness and transmission error are the primary sources of vibration excitation in gear drives. However, standard gear geometry and quality measurements do not contain information about parametric excitation. Once the gears are located in the housing with shafts and bearings, the shape of parametric excitation in the operating load cannot usually be determined. The experimental method developed, based on frequency measurement along the line of action, showed many essential features, which cannot be detected with standard methods. The behaviour of the contact ratio and the effect of load, profile corrections, wear, and manufacturing errors can be seen in the results. The frequency measurement method developed is quick to use and can be applied to real gears with shafts and bearings. The natural frequency variation in the gear test rig structure was also calculated with a lumped mass model, which has been developed and which utilized the mesh interface model where the mesh stiffness variation was calculated with finite elements. Test gears evaluated demonstrated that, in general, the calculated results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results.
Uniform Design on the Forward Annular Shaped Charge of Torpedo Tandem Warhead

By using LS-DYNA 3D software, the structure of forward annular shaped charge of torpedo tandem warhead is optimized in the simulation with uniform design method. During the simulation of annular shaped charge penetration into the plate underwater, the liner opening angle,liner thickness,charge height and charge angle are taken as factors, while the penetration depth is taken as index. The optimized structure parameters resulted form simulation can be used in the design of torpedo.
1.5D transducer for medical imaging

A 1.5D transducer is capable of only elevation aperture control or performing focusing, shading, and aperture control. Elevation steering is typically not included as one of its capabilities. Different version of 1.5D transducer are considered here. Methods of optimizing the various 1.5D array parameters are discussed and examples are used to illustrate the principles involved.
Bench test for measurement of differential RCS of UHF RFID tags

A bench test for differential radar cross-section (ΔRCS) measurement is described. The principle is to measure the power difference between the low and high modulation state of the tag and calculate the ratio with the received power. To do this, devices such as an arbitrary generator that replaces the reader, and a real-time spectrum analyser to receive and analyse the signal backscattered by the tag, are used; both devices can be configured in frequency and power. The first measurements are performed manually and the results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. The automation of the system is carried out in order to make the measurement faster, less hardwork, more precise and more repeatable.
Auto-resonant peniotron oscillator (ARPO) for generation of millimetre and submillimetre waves

A new configuration is proposed for the auto-resonant peniotron oscillator (ARPO) consisting of an oscillator part with a low output power and an amplifier part, and a report is given of the analytical results of its operational characteristics using some computer simulations. The results show that it should be possible to develop a multi-megawatt oscillator tube with an extremely high conversion efficiency, even in the millimetre and submillimetre wave regions.
Modeling of the electrical resistance of shape memory alloy wires

The strain sensing principle of shape memory alloy (SMA) based on its electrical resistance (ER) value is analyzed in this paper. A mathematical model to describe this principle is developed based on the relationship between the electrical resistivity and the martensite fraction of an SMA wire. The proposed model can be used at different temperatures and different initial conditions. To verify the validity of the proposed model, various experiments were conducted. The numerical results based on the proposed model agree well with experimental results, indicating that an SMA wire with a proper model can be utilized as a sensing element.
Proposal of a global product development strategy assessment tool and its application in the Italian industrial context

The paper describes the construction of a new GPD strategy assessment tool. To better comprehend the current state of knowledge on GPD, a wide state-of-the-art analysis was implemented. Starting from the evidenced lacks, a specific questionnaire was structured, trying to recover information from the field. This allowed assessing the current Italian situation on a sample of 20 companies, equally distributed among SMEs and MNCs. Data were inserted into a database and classified both with cluster and qualitative analyses. Results were used to define the triad of classification axes constituting the final GPD strategy assessment tool. This new tool is able to acquire technical, geographical and strategical information. Furthermore, it can map the suitability of organisational structures, IT infrastructures and GPD strategies evolution. The assessment is virtually supported by a 3D representation and it could be useful to evaluate both ‘as is’ and ‘to be’ states.
A Turbulence-Altering Pseudo-Surface for Enhancing the Flow in Pipes

In the present work, a new, additive-free technique for enhancing the flow in pipelines is introduced. This technique utilizes an inserted turbulence-altering pseudo-surface, with certain dimensions inside of the pipe (adjacent to the inner wall). This technique is meant to investigate the viscoelastic behavior of soluble additives to enhance the flow in pipelines. A liquid circulation system with a testing section divided into four subsections was used to test the drag reduction effect of the new technique. The results showed that nearly 60% flow enhancement is achievable when inserting 12 strips with lengths of 60 cm into a 0.0381-m diameter pipe.
Pedestrian Tracking with HOG and Color Histogram Features

To improve the effectiveness of pedestrian tracking, the histograms of oriented gradients (HOG) and color histogram characteristics are adopted to track pedestrian based on particle filter. Firstly, the pedestrian is detected using the HOG features to determine the initial target position. Then the target is tracked based on particle filter utilizing color histogram, during which the HOG is used to modify particle heavy weights and particle sampling. Experimental results verify the accurateness and efficiency of the proposed method.
Spectral, polarization, and power performance characteristics of quantum-well heterostructure laser diodes

The knowledge of the spectral, power, polarization, and temporal characteristics of laser diodes is of great importance for the development of efficient methods of the light emission control which is required for various applications. In the paper, results of a comprehensive study of the output performance characteristics of quantum-well heterostructure lasers are presented. The main attention is given to asymmetric multiple-quantum-well heterolasers which are possessed of unique functional properties, such as wide-band tuning the emission spectra, multi-wavelength lasing, power switching, and insensitivity to light polarization. The influence of cavity detuning on the nonlinear dynamics of the heterolasers with harmonic modulation of the pump current is analyzed in detail. Four different models of the active medium which allow to simulate different practical situations with respect to the modulation frequency and tuned lasing wavelength are described. Effects of the radiation polarization state on the performance of the heterolasers are studied and operation parameters of the laser diodes required for optoelectronic applications are determined.
Research on the Supply Chain Performance Appraisal System Based on Balanced Scorecard

Supply chain performance appraisal system is one of key components of SCM. After systematically reviewing the study of SCM, this paper analyzed the metrics and the shortcomings of the SCM. Combined with the BSC, from the dimensions of financial, customer, internal process, employee learning and growth, this paper designed index system, get the data through the questionnaire, examined the index system in terms of reliability and validity, and established a relatively scientific SCM performance index system.
Effect of Contacting Air Surface of Cathode on Microbial Fuel Cells

Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) produce electricity through the bacterial oxidation of organic matter contained in the sediment, but the power density is limited and needs to be improved. In this study, a new design of a fined-type cathode with carbon cloth embedded partly, as opposed to completely, in SMFCs were utilized. As a result, the design allowing the cathode to contact air will have a positive effect on the power performance and decrease the resistance of the inner system. The power density in the cases where the cathode was about half soaked was about two folds the case where it was soaked completely. Furthermore, SMFCs would also be seen as a driving force in hastening the COD removal because it was about 1.92-folds the COD removal of the cases where SMFCs where not present. These findings can be applied to sewage treatment and improving the power performance in SMFCs.
Evaluation of incremental conductance MPPT algorithm at low perturbation rates

This paper evaluates the incremental conductance (INC) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm using an experimental installation comprised of a 540-Wp photovoltaic array connected to a resistive load. Particular focus is given to the assessment of the two commonly utilized implementation techniques: reference voltage perturbation and direct duty ratio perturbation. The impact of algorithm parameters on system behaviour is investigated and the energy utilization efficiency is calculated for different weather conditions. The various advantages and drawbacks of each technique are identified.
An optical link for microwave clock distribution using optical carrier suppression and DC drift compensation

Bias electrode DC drift of LiNbO3 optical modulators becomes a critical problem when these devices operate over a long time period. This article presents a novel system of DC drift compensation for optical microwave transmissions using optical carrier suppression technique. In our case, such a system is dedicated to the optical distribution of high spectral purity microwave signals in future satellite payloads. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1634–1637, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22544
Automatic Feature Identification in Dental Meshes

AbstractThe goal of virtual orthodontic treatment planning is to re-position the teeth in a digital dental model so that the desired alignment of the teeth on each dental arch and occlusion (i.e., matching) of the upper and lower arches is achieved. The input to the planning process is a collection of individual tooth objects obtained by segmenting a noisy 3D surface mesh that is generated by laser-scanning a plaster model of the dental arch built from patient-specific dental impressions. A key step in the planning is the identification of features on the surface of the teeth such as cusps, grooves, incisal edges, marginal ridges, and occlusal surface boundary, that are important both for carrying out the alignment and evaluating its quality. This paper presents a collection of techniques to identify such features automatically, with minimal user intervention. Experimental results are presented that show the effectiveness of the approach.
A Summary of the EPA's Fuel Cell Program Dealing with the Environmental Life Cycle Assessment

This article summarizes the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Risk Management Research Laboratory's Fuel Cell Program (www.epa.gov/ORD/NRMRL/std/fuelcell) and presents interim findings of an ongoing project aimed at quantifying how clean fuel cell technology is from “cradle-to-grave” compared to conventional power generation processes. Data and data sources will be reviewed by fuel cell type (polymer exchange membrane, phosphoric acid fuel cell, solid oxide fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell, etc.) and life cycle stage (manufacture, use, end of life). Data gaps will also be identified as well as proposed EPA strategies for filling these “knowledge” gaps regarding the environmental attributes of fuel cells.
Dual-mode dual-band bandpass filters design using open-loop slotline resonators

A dual-mode open-loop slotline resonator with a centre-loaded stub is proposed. The loaded stub is used to excite non-degenerate modes, that is, the even and odd modes. Distinct characteristics of this dual-mode resonator are investigated by using even–odd mode analysis. Also, equivalent circuit models for non-degenerate modes are given to determine the resonance conditions and the location of transmission zero. Then, two novel approaches for designing dual-mode dual-band bandpass filters are presented. One approach consists of simple microstrip feedlines and two embedded open-loop slotline resonators for single substrate configuration. The other is composed by using dual-mode open-loop resonators in the form of microstrip and slotline structures on a single substrate. A microstrip invert L-shape feeding structure is employed to simultaneously feed the microstrip and slotline resonator on different layers for broadside coupling. Both of them provide sufficient degrees of freedom to control the centre frequencies and fractional bandwidths of both passbands independently. The two filters are designed, fabricated and measured. A good agreement between the simulation and measurement verifies the validity of this design methodology.
Versatility of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Tags in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Abstract Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology can be applied to a number of pharmaceutical processes, as ample of information can be stored and read rapidly from an RFID tag. Applications may range from inventory control, to access control, to telemedicine, to supply chain management and, most importantly, in combatting counterfeit products. Overall health care services can be improved by using this technology. This technology is gaining popularity in various fields, but is still costly and regulatory considerations are restricting its use. This paper explains the basics of RFID technology and some potential applications related to the pharmaceutical industry.
Space alignment for cognitive transmission with multiple primary users

A space-alignment (SA) scheme with K primary users in different cells working in the same frequency band based on K-symbol extension for cognitive transmission in a multiple-input multiple-output system is proposed. The main idea is that the secondary transmitter sends a supersymbol over the K timeslot; meanwhile, the secondary transmitter aligns its transmit directions by precoding to the kth primary channel eigenmodes unused at the kth timeslot, and at the same time adapts its transmit power to satisfy the interference-power constraints at the other K −1 primary receivers. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves a higher performance compared with both the SA scheme with the single primary user and the scheme of the direct singular value decomposition of the secondary channel with interference-power constraint.
Measurements and Predictions of Steady-State and Transient Temperature Distributions of a Gasoline Engine

During the design process of Internal Combustion (IC) engine, what is often taken into consideration is the temperature of the important heated parts. The temperature distributions are the primary causes of thermal fatigue in the engine. A combined experimental and analytical approach was followed in this work to study temperature distributions of gasoline engine under steady-state and transient operation condition. Experimental studies were conducted to measure temperatures under a series of steady-state and transient operating conditions. A comparison of the steady-state and transient measurements has been made and the character of transient temperature distributions is concluded. Subsequently, a calculation analysis was conducted to predict the detailed temperature distributions. Solid-Fluid whole conjugated heat transfer method is applied in the numerical calculation, which can take the mutual influence both the fluid flow and the heat transfer into account. The predicted temperatures met well with the measurements. Furthermore, the predicted location of coolant boiling phenomena in the water jacket can be made certain. This can give some suggests for the further observation experiment of boiling heat transfer.
Screening for Fuel Economy: A Case Study of Supersaturated Designs in Practice

ABSTRACT A successful use of supersaturated design and analysis is demonstrated through a case study completed at the Lubrizol Corporation. In the study, a 28-run supersaturated design is used to screen the effects of more than 70 possible model terms (linear effects, quadratic effects, interactions, and measured covariates) on engine motor oil coefficient of friction (COF). Of the over 70 model terms of interest, 50 are two-way linear interactions. A Lubrizol-developed model-averaging technique known as Bayesian variable assessment (BVA) is used to identify the important high-level factors and model terms from the experiment. This study is unique in the literature due to complications in multiple factor levels, physical correlations and constraints on the factors, curvature, and the desire to screen for a large amount of interactions. The test results are subject to common cause variation and unknown special causes such as operator error and test instrument error. Due to time and cost constraints, supersaturated designs are necessary to screen for phenomena such as gasoline-powered engine fuel economy. Based on the results from a 10-run follow-up experiment, the use of the supersaturated design analyzed using BVA is concluded to be a success in this case study.
New Concurrent Fractionally-Spaced Blind Equalization

The paper proposes a concurrent constant modulus algorithm (CMA) and decision-directed (DD) scheme for fractionally-spaced blind equalization. The proposed algorithm makes full use of the advantages of CMA and DD algorithm. A novel rule to control the adjustment of DD’s tap weights vector is proposed which avoids the hard switch between CMA and DD in practice. Simulations with underwater acoustic channels are used to compare the proposed algorithm with the famous CMA. And the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has faster convergence rate and lower steady state mean square error.
Active gesture-changeable underactuated finger for humanoid robot hand based on multiple tendons

Abstract. The concept called gesture-changeable under-actuated (GCUA) function is utilized to improve the dexterities of traditional under-actuated hands and reduce the control difficulties of dexterous hands. Based on GCUA function, a novel mechanical finger by multiple tendons: GCUA-T finger, is designed. The finger uses tendon mechanisms to achieve GCUA function which includes traditional underactuated (UA) grasping motion and special pre-bending (PB, or pre-shaping) motion before UA grasping. Operation principles and force analyses of the fingers are given, and the effect of GCUA function on the movements of a hand is discussed. The finger can satisfy the requirements of grasping and operating with low dependence on control system and low cost on manufacturing expenses, which develops a new way between dexterous hand and traditional under-actuated hand. This paper was presented at the IFToMM/ASME International Workshop on Underactuated Grasping (UG2010), 19 August 2010, Montreal, Canada.
Vortex-Induced Vibrations of Risers Due to FPDSO Heave Motions

Based on the concept design of FPDSO, mechanical model of risers with variable tension is presented, and fluid forces and submerged weight are considered. The dynamic analysis is done to research the influence of FPDSO heave motion to vortex-induced vibrations. The numerical results reflect that risers have large response under the combined action of “lock in” and parametric resonance, and amplitude of heave motion has little effect on the vibrations; tension due to heave motion can significantly increase the forces of the risers. © 2010 ASME