Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics with adaptive drifts

We propose a class of adaptive stochastic gradient Markov chain Monte Carlo (SGMCMC) algorithms, where the drift function is adaptively adjusted according to the gradient of past samples to accelerate the convergence of the algorithm in simulations of the distributions with pathological curvatures. We establish the convergence of the proposed algorithms under mild conditions. The numerical examples indicate that the proposed algorithms can significantly outperform the popular SGMCMC algorithms, such as stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics (SGLD), stochastic gradient Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (SGHMC) and preconditioned SGLD, in both simulation and optimization tasks. In particular, the proposed algorithms can converge quickly for the distributions for which the energy landscape possesses pathological curvatures.
Composite Endpoints in Cardio-Renal Clinical Outcome Trials

Abstract Over the last several decades, major adverse clinical outcomes have been studied in the form of composite endpoints in cardiovascular and renal trials. Great utilities and challenges in the use of composite endpoints are well known and have been discussed in statistical and medical literature. For regulatory applications, unique issues relating to marketing claims necessitate additional considerations and discussions on how to define proper estimands related to the clinical questions, how to handle intercurrent events, and what statistical inferences need to be incorporated in order to result in proper interpretation of trial results. Two key issues with component-specific analyses concern handling of dependent competing risk endpoints and multiple endpoint testing. These issues may arise even in the analysis of the time to the first occurrence of composite or component endpoint, as to be discussed later in this article using the RENAAL study as an illustrative example. For developing treatments to relieve disease burden, much attention has been called to the potential value of considering all disease-related events such as all hospitalizations, rather than only one or the first event occurrence, in statistical analysis. In that case, discussion of estimands and intercurrent events will be much more challenging.
Application of NMR T2 to Pore Size Distribution and Movable Fluid Distribution in Tight Sandstones

This paper explores the applicability of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology on pore size distribution (PSD) and movable fluid distribution (MFD) in tight sandstones. Centrifugation experiments and NMR tests are performed on saturated samples. The fluid changes in pores corresponding with three different types of NMR T2 distribution after each centrifugation is then analyzed. In addition, a new method to determine the conversion factor from NMR T2 distribution to PSD is developed. In comparison with the PSD obtained by mercury intrusion porosimetry, the new method is more suitable for PSD calculation in tight sandstones. Afterward, the optimum centrifugal force to determine the threshold radius for fluid flow is obtained. On the basis of this, we analyze MFD in tight formation. Through study, the following results are arrived at: patterns of NMR T2 distributions of outcrop and subsurface cores at water saturation condition can be classified into three types (I, II, and III). Among which, type I an.
Identification of protein binding sites

The present invention relates to the field of molecular recognition or detection of discontinuous or conformational binding sites or discontinuous or conformational epitope associated with the binding molecules, in particular, protein-protein, protein-nucleic acid, nucleic-acid or biomolecule-, on the interaction of the ligand. The present invention, test discontinuous binding site capable of interacting with a binding molecule, identified, providing characterization or synthetic molecule library that allows the detection, the library comprises a plurality of test compounds, each assay was, adjacent to the second segment has at least one first segment of the spot, each segment can be a potential single part of a discontinuous binding site.
Using theory of consumption values to predict organic food purchase intention: Role of health consciousness and eco-friendly LOHAS tendency

Aim of study: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between eco-friendly LOHAS (Lifestyle of Health and Sustainability) tendency, health consciousness, perceived value of organic food and organic food purchase intention in the framework of personality-perception-behavioral intention. Area of study: Turkey. Material and methods: Data were collected from consumers using structured questionnaires. The research model was analyzed with the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling technique. Main results: Results show that eco-friendly LOHAS tendency (β= 0.292, p<0.01), health consciousness (β=0.140, p<0.05), emotional value (β=0.282, p<0.01), and social value (β=0.099, p<0.05) positively influence intention to purchase organic food, whereas financial value and functional value were not significantly related to intention to purchase organic food. Furthermore, eco-friendly LOHAS tendency and health consciousness are positively related to all dimensions of perceived value of organic food. Research highlights: Findings point out that affective dimension of perceived value of organic food is more considerable than cognitive dimension in a developing country. Emotional value of organic food is more important for consumers who have high level of eco-friendly LOHAS tendency while functional value of organic food is more essential for consumers who a have high level of health consciousness. Additional key words: perceived value; consumer behavior; organic agriculture Abbreviations used: AVE (Average Variance Extracted); LOHAS (Lifestyle of Health and Sustainability); VIF (Variance Inflation Factor) Authors’ contributions: Both authors designed the research and interpreted the results. Statistical analysis: ŞGK. Supervision: İK Citation: Köse, SG; Kırcova, I (2021). Using theory of consumption values to predict organic food purchase intention: Role of health consciousness and eco-friendly LOHAS tendency. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 19, Issue 3, e0109. https://doi. org/10.5424/sjar/2021193-16640 Supplementary material (Tables S1 and S2) accompanies the paper on SJAR’s website Received: 04 Mar 2020. Accepted: 19 Jul 2021. Copyright © 2021 INIA. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-by 4.0) License. Funding: The authors received no funding for the research. Competing interests: The authors declare that there is no competing interests. Correspondence should be addressed to Şirin Gizem Köse: siringizemkose@gmail.com Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 19 (3), e0109, 13 pages (2021) eISSN: 2171-9292 https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2021193-16640 Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) OPEN ACCESS RESEARCH ARTICLE
The Effect of Grazing Intensity on Vegetation Coverage and Nitrogen Mineralization Kinetics of Steppe Rangelands of Iran (Case Study: Nodoushan Rangelands, Yazd, Iran)

Livestock grazing can affect the cycling of nutritional elements in soil by making changes to the vegetation coverage. This study aimed to investigate the effect of rangeland exploitation on vegetation coverage and nitrogen kinetics. To this end, three experimental sites of light, moderate, and heavy grazing in Nodoushan rangelands of Yazd province were selected. The vegetation properties were then measured through systematic random sampling method and three to five bases along the transect were sampled from the current year growth of the dominant plants in the region. The soil samples were collected from 0–15 cm depth in five replications and mixed together to obtain a single composite soil sample on each site. In the first stage, nitrogen (N), carbon (C), C/N, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of the sampled plant as well as nitrogen, carbon, lime, soil texture, saturation moisture percentage, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil were measured. As the soil properties did not differ for light and moderate grazing soils, different treatments were conducted on the dominant species of light and heavy grazing sites with 1% organic carbon added to the rangeland soil. Nitrogen mineralization treatments were selected based on vegetation changes that, with increasing livestock grazing intensity, changed the predominance of plant composition from Artemisia sieberi and steppe to percentage Artemisia sieberi and Peganum harmala. The treatments included control, 100% Artemisia sieberi, 75% Artemisia sieberi and 25% Peganum harmala, 50% Artemisia sieberi and 50% Peganum harmala, 25% Artemisia sieberi and 75% Peganum harmala, and 100% Peganum harmala. The soil samples were incubated for pure nitrogen mineralization in three replications of 3 months. The results of nitrogen mineralization revealed that the immobilization of the treated soil with higher Artemisia sieberi and lower Peganum harmala was done at a more rapid rate during the first week. The immobilization was slowly reduced by the third week and then followed a growing rate. Overall, the results show that an increase in grazing intensity was associated with a change in vegetation coverage toward Peganum harmala species, the biochemical characteristics of which elevated the levels of pure nitrogen mineralization in soil.
Determination of the Potential Energy Function of CF4−CF4 via the Inversion of Reduced Viscosity Collision Integrals at Zero Pressure

The potential energy function of carbon tetrafluoride has been determined via the inversion of reduced viscosity collision integrals at corresponding states and zero pressure and fitted to obtain an analytical potential form. A comparison of the potential with the recently determined potential by means of ab initio molecular orbital calculations at the MP2/6-31+G(3d) level of theory has been included. The interaction potential energy from the inversion procedure reproduces, within experimental error, the viscosity, self-diffusion coefficient, and second virial coefficient of carbon tetrafluoride over a wide temperature range. We have also derived very accurate equations for the viscosity, self-diffusion coefficient, and second virial coefficient of carbon tetrafluoride in a more extended temperature range than those of previous ones.
Braneworld Inspires Cosmological Implications of Barrow Holographic Dark Energy

In the present manuscript, the evolution of the cosmic parameters and planes are being investigated in the framework of the DGP braneworld model. In this scenario, the interaction Γ between the Barrow holographic dark energy model (whose infrared cutoff scale is set by Hubble and event horizons) and pressureless dark matter are considered. We check the behavior of different cosmological parameters such as Hubble, equation of state, deceleration and squared speed of sound from the early matter-dominated era until the late-time acceleration. It is found that the range of Hubble parameter lies in the interval 95−35+35 (for Hubble horizon) and 97−23+23 (for event horizon). For both horizons, the equation of state parameter favors the phantom dominant era as well as the ΛCDM model while the deceleration parameter illustrates the accelerated expansion of the universe. Furthermore, stability of the underlying model is found through squared speed of sound. Furthermore, it is observed that ω−ωϑ′ plane corresponds to freezing and thawing region for Hubble and event horizons, respectively. Furthermore, statefinder plane shows the ΛCDM and Chaplygin gas behavior for both models. Finally, we investigate the thermodynamical nature of the underlying model through Barrow entropy as horizon entropy and found validity for both horizons.
Dielectric modulated GaAs1− x Sb X FinFET as a label-free biosensor: device proposal and investigation

In this paper, we propose and investigate a dielectric modulated (DM) GaAs1−x Sb x FinFET as a label-free biosensor. Raised source drain (RSD) architecture is employed in the proposed structure, resulting in a large surface to volume ratio, which provides more living space to the biomolecules. GaAs1−x Sb x is used as a channel material, which bestows higher carrier mobility and consequently offers better sensitivity than previously reported FET-based biosensors. In our proposed RSD GaAs1−x Sb x FinFET, we have embedded a nanogap (∼5.5 nm thickness) cavity between the gate and the channel region at which biomolecules can reside in a dry environment. The presence of biomolecules (charged or neutral) in the embedded nanogap cavity of a DM biosensor could be identified by the change in various electrical parameters such as ON–OFF current ratio (CR), threshold voltage (V th), transconductance, and intrinsic gain, etc, with the change in dielectric constant (K) of the cavity region. We found the maximum sensitivity corresponding to K = 12 is 48.91% and 26.31% for CR and V th, respectively. The governing physics to observe the substantial changes due to the velocity overshoot, capacitive coupling, and DIBL is thoroughly explained. The analysis of how one cavity of the proposed biosensor works at a time is also investigated. In our work, we have also identified the impact of biomolecules which carry charges by including trap models in numerical TCAD simulations.
Demographic differentiation among pioneer tree species during secondary succession of a Neotropical rainforest

Early pioneer species share life histories enabling them to colonize disturbed sites, but how much they differ demographically and how such differentiation determines pioneer species turnover during succession are still open questions. Here, we approached these issues by comparing the demography of dominant pioneer tree species during the secondary succession of tropical rainforest in Southeast Mexico. We assessed changes in population density, population structure, vital rates and intrinsic population growth rate (r) of the pioneer species Trema micrantha, Cecropia peltata and Trichospermum mexicanum during the first 35 years of succession. For this, we combined chronosequence and long‐term (from 2000 to 2018) data from 14 abandoned cornfields with 0.5–35 years fallow age. Trema colonized and disappeared first during succession (<15 years), followed by Cecropia (<28) and Trichospermum (>31). All species exhibited hump‐shaped successional trajectories of population density and biomass with Trema reaching a peak first, followed by Cecropia and later Trichospermum. Species exhibited a fast reduction in r with fallow age, with Trema reaching negative growth rates (r < 0) in the third, Cecropia in the fourth, and Trichospermum in the seventh year of succession. Recruitment, growth and mortality rates of seedlings and juveniles defined the period of population increase and the age of succession at which each species reached maximum density and biomass. The mortality rate in mature stages determined how long each species persisted during succession. An important variation in species replacement occurred among study sites. In some sites, one species was abundant and the others were almost absent, while it was the opposite in other sites. We inferred that priority inhibitory effects operated among species during the field colonization. Synthesis. Although Trema, Cecropia and Trichospermum are considered typical pioneer trees, these species differed importantly in their demographic attributes during succession. The speed at which r declined with age of succession indicated the moment at which each species reached its maximum density and species replacement sequence during succession. However, inter‐specific priority inhibitory effects during field colonization may also be involved in the chance of colonization and replacement between species with similar regeneration strategies.
A Metasurface-Based Wide-Bandwidth and High-Gain Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna

A metasurface-based circularly polarized (CP) microstrip patch antenna with high performance in terms of the global bandwidth and gain is presented. The antenna configuration was a square-modified microstrip patch that was sandwiched between a metasurface and the ground plane. The metasurface comprised a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4 \times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array of square patches, while the single-feed radiating microstrip patch had axial ratio (AR) tuning stubs and a crossed slot. Under excitation, the microstrip patch and crossed slot, in conjunction with the metasurface, generated multiple resonances and AR minimum points that combined to produce large global bandwidths with regard to the impedance, AR, and 3 dB gain. Using a stacked layout, a low-profile design with the dimensions of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$54\,\,\text {mm} \times 54\,\,\text {mm} \times 3.1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.2\,\,\lambda _{\text {o}} \times 1.2\,\,\lambda _{\text {o}}\times 0.07\,\,\lambda _{\text {o}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 6.8 GHz) was obtained, which generated a highly stable broadside gain above 10 dBic throughout the entire operating AR bandwidth. This antenna had a measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 5.62–11.04 GHz (65.06%) and a 3 dB AR bandwidth of 5.64–7.89 GHz (33.25%). In addition, it had a measured 3 dB gain bandwidth of 5.17–8.2 GHz (45.32%), with a measured peak gain of 12.17 dBic.
The efficacy of scaling root planing to inflammation biomarker of periodontitis patients with atherosclerosis

ABSTRACT Periodontitis is a disease of surrounding dental tissue with a prevalence of 74.1% inIndonesia. Many studies show periodontitis plays a role in the progression of atherosclerosis. Therelationship between these two conditions shows that scaling root planing intervention can reduce therisk of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to know the efficacy of scaling root planing on changes ininflammatory biomarkers in periodontitis patients with atherosclerosis. This systematic literature reviewwas conducted using the Rapid Review method that refers to the Preferred Reporting Items forSystematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Electronic searches were carried out from 4electronic databases, including the National Library of Medicine (Medline / PubMed), The CochraneLibrary, EbscoHOST, and SAGE Journal. Inclusion and exclusion criteria selected 6 RCT articles to beanalyzed qualitatively. Within 2 to 6 months, research in 6 RCT articles showed the results insignificantly reducing CRP levels as the main biomarkers of atherosclerosis after scaling root planingintervention. Other biomarkers that were also assessed are cytokines levels, lipid profile components,WBC, and fibrinogen. Overall results showed a positive effect of scaling root planing intervention inreducing the inflammatory biomarker levels of atherosclerosis in periodontitis patients withatherosclerosis. The treatment of scaling root planing is considered effective in reducing theinflammatory biomarker levels of atherosclerosis in periodontitis patients with atherosclerosis to reducethe level of risk. KEYWORDS: scaling root planing, inflammatory biomarker, atherosclerosis
Progress on Ultra-Heavy Cosmic-Ray Analysis with CALET on the International Space Station

The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET), launched to the International Space Station in August 2015 and continuously operating since, measures cosmic-ray (CR) electrons, nuclei and gamma-rays. CALET utilizes its main calorimeter charge detector to measure CR nuclei from 1H to 40Zr. In order to maximize the acceptance of the rare ultra-heavy (UH) CR above 30Zn, a special high duty cycle (∼90%) UH trigger is used that does not require passage through the 27 radiation length deep Total Absorption Calorimeter (TASC). This provides a 6× increase in geometry factor allowing CALET to collect in 5 years a UHCR dataset with statistics comparable to those from the first flight of the balloon-borne SuperTIGER instrument but without the need for atmospheric corrections. Previous CALET UHCR analyses using time and position corrections based on 26Fe and a geomagnetic vertical cutoff rigidity selection have shown abundances of even nuclei in agreement with SuperTIGER. To further improve resolution and maximize statistics, a trajectory dependent geomagnetic rigidity selection has been employed here with further work being done to implement aCash-KarpRunge-Kutta ray tracingmethod for an improved determination of effective cutoff rigidities. Additional work has also been done to analyze events from the smaller dataset of events that pass through the TASC, which provides energy information and a better charge assignment that will provide higher resolution UH measurements, albeit with lower statistics.
E-Government and Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence From Chinese Cities

Along with the rapid development of digital information technology, e-government is of great potential because it is a new form of conducting public administration and a way of demonstrating governmental innovation. The literature suggests that foreign direct investment (FDI) is increasingly associated with the continuing development of e-government in China. Using the Annual Census of Industrial Enterprises and e-government scores of government portals, this study examines the effects of e-government on FDI and how government subsidies mediate relationships between e-government and FDI. The results show that e-government positively affects FDI, and government subsidies have a positive effect on foreign enterprises’ investment efficiency by playing a mediating role between e-government efficiency and FDI. The findings make both theoretical and practical implications related to the role, provision, and acquisition of government subsidies; e-government systems and FDI; e-government scores and government efficiency; and firms maintaining focus on areas that are government priorities. The results show significant this of the
An Outlook of Drilling Technologies and Innovations: Present Status and Future Trends

The present article analyzes the technological advancement and innovations related to drilling operations. It covers the review of currently proven and emerging technologies that could mitigate the drilling operational deficiencies and instabilities that could hinder operational performance activities and the economic part of drilling development with great effort to minimize their environmental footprint. Drilling system design and operations are among the major aspects and cost-effective endeavors of the oil and gas industries, which are therefore technology dependent. They are also considered to be among the most expensive operations in the world, as they require huge expenses daily. Drilling success, depending on prevalent conditions, is a function of several general factors. These include the selection of the best technologies and tools, procedural optimization, concrete problem-solving, accurate prediction, and rapid decision-making. Consequently, any sorts of tools or advanced technologies that can improve the time-efficient operational and economic performance of drilling activities are essential and demanded. The paper provides a review of available technologies and developmental innovations based on both company-based and academic research-enabled drilling solutions over the past 5 years in the field of drilling systems and technological design. The paper further highlighted potential technologies that could be tapped in from other industries and could possibly be adopted by pushing the conventional boundaries of drilling operations.