Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Structure in Long Tailed Macaque Populations in The Region of East Java: Diversity of Mithochondrial DNA in Alas Purwo and Baluran Population

Long tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) has distributed throughout the regions in Indonesia, however,they, now, live separately to many local populations within an island. This research aimed to explore thegenetic diversity within and between populations of long tailed macaque in the Region of East Java. Thegenetic diversity was examined by molecular marker of d-loop region mtDNA using a pair of specificprimers. A total of 29 blood samples (15 samples from Alas Purwo population and 14 samples fromBaluran population) was extracted to find out a total DNA. The d-loop region mtDNA was amplifiedthrough PCR tecnique. The PCR products were sequenced using dideoxynucleotide chain terminationmethod at Macogen Inc. Korea. The research found 6 haplotypes, in which 3 haplotypes were found in eachpopulation. Haplotype and nucleotide diversities varied from 0.257 to 0.275 and 0.0012 to 0.0025repectively. Genetic differentiation between populatioon was F=44.1%. Phylogenetic reconstructionshowed that all haplotypes constructed two different groups (haplogroups) and there was no sharedhaplotype betwen populations. It can be concluded that both populations (Alas Purwo and Baluran) areuique and have low genetic diversities.
Influence of dietary vitamin E supplementation on cholesterol oxidation and fresh colour in beef aged for 3 and 14 days

Abstract The effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation on the susceptibility to lipid oxidation and colour of the Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle aged in vacuum packaged conditions for 3 or 14 days were studied. For this purpose, Charolais cattle were fed on a diet providing daily 60 mg (control) or 5500 mg of vitamin E per animal (supplemented) for 30 and 60 days before slaughter. Dietary vitamin E supplementation increased the liver vitamin E content, but not in the LT muscle of treated animals. The vitamin supplementation for 30 and 60 days has shown non-consistent effects in reducing cholesterol oxidation products of vacuum-packed aged meat. However, the vitamin E supplementation for 60 days was effective on Lightness stability in LT muscle during vacuum-packed ageing. Overall, from the practical standpoint, this study suggests that supra-nutritional supplementation up to 60 days may not increase the vitamin E content of Charolais LT muscle giving little, if any, benefits on meat colour and cholesterol oxidation. However, the present study suggests that it would be interesting to determine in which extent specific oxy-sterols are related to the meat colour and whether colour parameters can be useful for predicting the formation of cholesterol oxidation products along the industrial meat production chain.
Cranial development and directional asymmetry in Commerson's dolphin, Cephalorhynchus commersonii commersonii: 3D geometric morphometric approach

Commerson's dolphin, Cephalorhynchus commersonii, is one of the smallest species of odontocete cetaceans. We aimed to study the postnatal cranial ontogeny of C. commersonii through geometric morphometric technique, analyzing the postnatal ontogeny of the symmetric and asymmetric components of shape and providing information about sexual dimorphism affecting cranial shape and size. We digitized 57 landmarks in a sample of 139 crania of an ontogenetic series. Our results indicate that C. commersonii presents sexual size dimorphism of cranium in adults, but not shape dimorphism. Major changes between juveniles and adults were associated with lengthening of the rostrum and accentuation of telescoping, as observed in other odontocetes. We found that the degree of asymmetry has a very subtle but still significant change during ontogeny, which may have functional implications. We also observed little general variation in skull shape during postnatal development, supporting the idea of the conservatism of young-like characters in adults of C. commersonii. In accordance with this, we detect a very early attainment of stability of shape and size, being statistically similar in males and females. Differences in overall cranial shape and growth patterns in C. commersonii and Pontoporia blainvillei can be functionally associated to specific modes of feeding, suggesting also differences in the melon morphology.
A New Anchialine Shrimp Of The Genus Procaris (Crustacea: Decapoda: Procarididae) From The Yucatan Peninsula

A fourth species of the anchialine shrimp genus Procaris is described from Cozumel Island, Quintana Roo, Mexico. The combination of character states observed for the abdomen, antennal scale/stylocerite, second antennular segment, carapace, eyes, rostrum, and telson is unique in the genus. The new species appears to be morphologically most closely related to P. ascensionis from Ascension Island. Cladistic analysis of differentiating character states supports a sister group relationship between P. ascensionis and the Mexican species, in two out of three most parsimonious hypotheses. In addition, the Bermudan P. chacei and Hawaiian P. hawaiiana are positioned as sister taxa in all minimal length trees. While the discovery of a new Procaris species adds to our biogeographical knowledge of the genus, it has pointed to the possibility that the Atlantic taxa may be a paraphyletic assemblage.
Forag ing by a threatened species - the whiteclawed crayfish, Austropotamobius pallipes

In analysing the eco-ethological traits of animal populations from the viewpoint of conservation biology, an understanding of the foraging activity of endangered species provides useful clues on habitat requirements and resource utilisation. The present study examined the foraging excursions of 60 specimens of the threatened crayfish, Austropotamobius pallipes, in a stream of central Italy. Foraging activity was related to both the distance travelled and the area covered, as well as to the organic content of the substrates investigated. Results were discussed under the premises of SCHOENER'S (1971) theory of feeding strategies. The white-clawed crayfish minimised the time spent feeding: foraging excursions did not exceed one hour and the range of food search increased with time. Energy and nutrient intake were however maximised: crayfish fed on the substrates having higher organic carbon and nitrogen contents. Inter-sexual food partitioning was shown, males and females mostly feeding on vegetable debris and mosses, respectively. We speculate that this is a mechanism to avoid competition between dominant males and subordinate females.
Variation in the content of total phenolics, anthocyanins and antimicrobial effects in two fractions of blueberries different cultivars

Abstract Two fractions (pomace and juice) of blueberries of seven commercial cultivars growing in the same plantation were analysed for the content of total phenolics (TPC), total anthocyanins (TAC) and effects on food pathogens over different harvesting years. TPC in pomace did not differ significantly between years only in ‘Gretha’ and ‘Northblue’ cultivars; they accumulated stable content of phenolics. The variation in TAC in pomace across seasons was 2–5 times higher than that in TPC. The variations in TPC and TAC in juice across harvesting years were lower than in pomace, but both TPC and TAC in this fraction also differed significantly (p < 0.05) between years in all studied cultivars. The activity of juice and pomace of cultivars against food pathogens was mostly stable and did not show significant differences between harvesting years; the significant correlations were not established between antimicrobial activity of both berries fractions and TPC and TAC in all investigated cultivars. Bacteria were the most susceptible to blueberry juice with Micrococcus spp. , Bacillus macerans and Escherichia coli being the most sensitive species. The evaluation of antifungal effect shows that only P. chrysogenum was sensitive to the juice of blueberries, while Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sphaerosphermum and Penicillium chrysogenum showed resistance to the tested blueberries juice and pomace extracts.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA, MOLECULAR E PATOGENICIDADE DE Fusarium acuminatum E Fusarium verticillioides A Cordia americana

Cordia americana (L.) Gottschling & J. S. Mill. (guajuvira) is a forest species widely distributed in Brazil and represents environmental and economic importance due to the quality of its timber and use in reforestation. In order to evaluate the pathogenicity of Fusarium sp. associated with seeds, characterizing the isolates morphologically and molecularly in order to identify them on the species level, was obtained four fungal isolates that were inoculated in seeds to demonstrate their pathogenicity. The morphological characterization was performed using an identification key for the genus Fusarium and, for the molecular identification, genomic regions Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) were sequenced with its elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF1-α). The results of the molecular identification agreed with the morphological characterization and allowed to identify the species Fusarium acuminatum and Fusarium verticillioides , both being pathogenic to Cordia americana , causing damping-off in pre and post emergence, and rotting of roots and necrosis of hypocotyl.
The complete chloroplast genome sequences of potato wild relative species, Solanum commersonii

Abstract Solanum commersonii Dunal is a well-known wild potato belonging to Solanaceae family and commonly used as materials for somatic hybridization due to various biotic and abiotic stress resistances. The complete chloroplast genome of S. commersonii was constituted by de novo assembly using a small amount of whole genome sequencing data. The chloroplast genome of S. commersonii was 155 525 bp in length, consisted of 86 013 bp of large single copy, 18 366 bp of small single copy region and 25 573 bp of a pair of inverted repeats. A total of 113 genes were annotated including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes and four rRNA genes. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis with 14 Solanaceae species revealed that S. commersonii is much closely related to Solanum tuberosum and S. bulbocastanum.
Assessing genetic diversity of wheat genotypes from different origins by SNP markers

Genetic diversity was investigated in a set of eleven hexaploid wheat genotypes originated from CIMMYT, Turkey in comparison with some modern European mostly originated from KWS wheat breeding program using 24 wheat SNP markers. The lowest and highest genetic dissimilarities were observed between genotypes Opus and LDO 330/06, KWS Salix and LDO 330/06, respectively. Based on cluster analysis, 38 wheat genotypes were grouped in two main clusters. Although the grouping pattern is very origin heterogeneous in each group, the grouping pattern of some genotypes appeared to be associated, to some extent. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) was used as an alternative way of visualizing the genotypic data. The first, second and third principal components explained 17.79%, 14.39% and 12.24% of the variation, respectively. This study can also be an indicator for breeders to evolve genotypes with diverse genetic background to achieve sustainability in wheat production, to get favorable heterotic combinations in a wheat improvement program.
Taxonomic Diversity of Rhizosphere Bacteria in Golf Course Putting Greens at Representative Sites in the Southeastern United States

Taxonomic diversity of bacteria associated with golf course putting greens is a topic that has not been widely explored. The purpose ot this project was to isolate and identify culturable bacteria from the rhizosphere of creeping bentgrass (Agrostris palustris Huds.) at two sites (Alabama and North Carolina) and hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. x C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] at two sites (Florida and South Carolina) for a minimum of 3 years with sampling initiated after the construction process. Randomly selected colonies were identified using gas chromatography for analysis of fatty acid methyl ester profiles. Over 9000 isolates were successfully analyzed. When a similarity index of 0.300 or higher was used, the average number of unidentifiable isolates was 38.6%. The two dominant genera in both bentgrass and bermudagrass rhizospheres were Bacillus and Pseudomonas with Bacillus dominant in bermudagrass and Pseudomonas dominant or equal to Bacillus in bentgrass. Other genera that comprised at least 1% of the isolates at all four sites were Clavibacter, Flavobacterium, and Microbacterium. Arthrobacter also comprised a significant portion of the bacterial isolates in the bentgrass rhizosphere, but not the bermudagrass rhizosphere. Overall, there were 40 genera common to all four sites. At the species level, there were five that comprised at least 1% of the isolates at each location: B. cereus, B. megaterium, C. michiganensis, F. johnsoniae, and P. putida. As has been reported for many grasses, we found considerable taxonomic diversity among the culturable bacterial populations from the rhizospheres of bentgrass and bermudagrass grown in sand-based putting greens.
The influence of engineering design considerations on species recruitment and succession on coastal defence structures

Engineering design considerations of artificial coastal structures were tested to resemble as far as possible the nearest natural equivalent habitat, ecologically valuable rocky shores, as a potential management option. Coastal areas around the world attract urbanisation but these transitional areas between sea and land are inherently vulnerable to risk of flooding and erosion. Thus hard structures are often built in sensitive coastal environments to defend assets such as property and infrastructure (roads, railways, ports) against rising and stormy seas. The design, construction and maintenance of hard defences should wherever possible incorporate ecological considerations to enhance biodiversity, including maintaining or restoring natural habitats and wild species to ensure favourable conservation status. Artificial habitats are less topographically complex than natural rocky shores, at millimetre scales in terms of surface roughness, centimetre to meter scales for crevices and pools to tens, hundreds and occasionally thousands of meters for variation in tidal height and wave action gradients. The habitat value of design features of an existing seawall and breakwater, such as areas of different slope and orientation, and the presence of crevices and pools, that are analogous to habitat created by topographical features on a natural shore, were demonstrated by their ability to support distinct assemblages of species.
Biosynthesis of the pyridoxal ring (vitamin B6) in higher plant chloroplasts and its relationship with the biosynthesis of the thiazole ring (vitamin B1)

La biosynthese in vitro de la vitamine B6 par une fraction soluble de chloroplastes d'epinard (stroma contenant d'enveloppe) a ete observee apres incubation en presence de glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, pyruvate, glycine et ATP-Mg. La vitesse de synthese, 140-180 pmol mg -1 h -1 , depend de la concentration de proteines, de la presence de magnesium et est sensible aux agents reducteurs tels que le dithiothreitol
Somaclonal Variation in Habanero Pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) as Assessed ISSR Molecular Markers

Intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to evaluate the effects of in vitro culture on genetic variation in Habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) regeneration protocols. A total of 219 ISSR clear and reproducible fragments were generated with 13 ISSR primers in direct organogenesis, direct and indirect somatic embryos, and the embryogenic callus system. A cluster analysis was performed to express in the form of dendrogram the relationships among different regeneration systems and the genetic variability detected. Genetic distance analysis indicated that our regeneration protocols are inappropriate for micropropagation, conservation, or genetic transforma- tion; however, they may be applicable to breeding. This is the first report on the use of molecular analysis to evaluate genetic variation of in vitro-regenerated plants of Habanero pepper using ISSR markers.
New records of Ramariopsis from Mexico

Four species and one form are reported as new records of the genus Ramartopsis for Mexico, Ramariopsis corniculata, R. fusiformis, R. laeticolor, R. laeticolor f. bulbispora and R. pulchella. Taxonomic descriptions and commentaries are included for each species, and an overall discussion and commentaries about the genus taxonomy and its knowledge in Mexico is provided.
Vitamin C content of some macroalgae of Visakhapatnam, east coast of India

Vitamin C is analysed on monthly samples of 24 species of macroalgac collected for one year from the intertidal habitats of Visakhapatnam coast. Chlorophyll-a and carbohydrate are also analysed. In general, the algae belonging to Chlorophyceae and Phaeophyceae have higher annual mean contents of the vitamin (360 and 352 μg/g respectively) than Rhodophyceae (271 μg/g). The species which are rich in vitamin C are Padina tetrastomatica (513 μg/g), Spongomorpha a indica (510) and Chaetomorpha antennina (488). The vitamin C maxima was observed during summer for Chlorophyceae and Phaeophyceae and during winter for Rhodophyceae. The vitamin C showed significant positive relationship with chlorophyll - a in Rhodophyceae and Chlorophyceae. It also showed a significant positive relationship with carbohydrate content of the latter. The distribution of vitamin C is associated with the morphogenetically important vegetative and reproductive phases indicating its key role in metabolic function.
Settlement indices for blue crab megalopae in the York River, Virginia : temporal relationships and statistical efficiency

The efficacy of artificial settlement substrates in quantifying relative rates of settlement of blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, postlarvae (megalopae) was examined. The technique has been widely used to assess settlement at local (Chesapeake Bay) and broad geographic scales (Atlantic and Gulf Coasts). This analysis examined differences in settlement between two configurations of substrates and two depths of deployment, in relation to lunar day, month, year and hours of flood tide occurring at night. Substrates were deployed daily for four years (1989-1992) during the settlement season (July-November) in the York River, Virginia. Settlement did not differ between substrate configurations (flat and cylindrical) deployed at the same location in the water column. Substrates deployed at the bottom of the water column had higher settlement than substrates at the surface, except during the last lunar month sampled (approximately November), when settlement was higher at the surface. There was a semilunar periodicity in settlement with high settlement following the new and full moon phases. Settlement varied annually and with lunar month. Statistical efficiency was achieved with a minimum of three or four replicate substrates. Cylindrical artificial settlement substrates are efficient, reliable and capable of detecting temporal patterns in settlement.
ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG SOME IMPORTANT WILD SPECIES OF NON - TUBEROUS SOLANUM USING RAPD AND ISSR MARKERS

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used for assessing genetic diversity and species relationships among eight species of Solanum. Both random and SSR primers revealed 90.9 and 96.1 % polymorphism, respectively. ISSR markers were found to be more efficient than the RAPD assay. The marker index and polymorphic information content varied from 40.8 47.0, 40.9- 49.0 and 0.41 -0.49, 0.43-0.49 respectively for both the RAPD and ISSR markers. Mean value of number of observed alleles, number of effective alleles, Nei’s gene diversity and Shannon’s index were 1.95-1.99, 1.47-1.75, 0.26-0.37 and 0.45-0.43 respectively for both the markers. Both UPGMA and PCA analyses of the data revealed clear groupings among the species. Genetically distinct genotypes identified by using RAPD and ISSR markers could be potential sources of germplasm for conservation and further improvement of the genus Solanum.
Determination of fault plane orientations from rupture directivity of intermediate and deep earthquakes in the northeastern Japan subduction zone

Earthquakes occur at intermediate (> 70 km) and deep (> 300 km) depths within the Earth. Since their discovery, the cause of intermediate and deep-focus earthquakes has remained a fundamental problem in seismology. While several physical mechanisms have been theorized to explain the occurrence of deep earthquakes, the mechanism may be constrained by determining the fault plane orientation. I used rupture directivity of 52 events in the northeastern Japan subduction zone to determine each event's fault plane orientation. With adequate station coverage, in both azimuth and distance, rupture can be identified along a single nodal plane signifying the fault plane. P-wave duration is shortest in the direction of rupture propagation and greatest in the opposite direction. Measuring the differential rupture duration between seismic stations allows for the determination of rupture direction, rupture velocity relative to the background seismic velocity, and the fault plane for each event. Rupture directivity is determined for a total of 20 events. Results indicate that rupture at intermediate and deep focus depths occur along the subhorizontal nodal plane. While fault plane orientation is apparently uniform in the subducting slab, rupture direction appears scattered. These results suggest multiple mechanisms are responsible for the orientation and azimuthal direction of rupture.
Study of the genetic variability, correlation and importance of phenotypic characteristics in cactus pear (Opuntia and Nopalea)

The cactus pear is a widely cultivated plant in the Northeast of Brazil, contributing significantly to the feeding of livestock, especially in times of drought. Because of the high variation between phenotypic varieties grown in this region, it is essential to study the genetic diversity. The objectives of this study were to characterize the genetic diversity in seven varieties of cactus pear, genera Opuntia and Nopalea, through 19 morphological and behavioral characteristics, and to determine the phenotypic correlation and importance of these characteristics to the variability among genotypes, using multivariate analysis techniques. The study was conducted at the experimental station of Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco (IPA), located in city of Arcoverde, State of Pernambuco, Brazil using randomized block design with three replications. The materials IPA-100003, IPA-200016, IPA-200008, IPA-100004, IPA-200021, IPA-200205 and IPA-200149 were evaluated for 19 quantitative characteristics of the plants. The collected data were analyzed by analysis of variance by F test, and the means grouped by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05). The broad-sense heritability and phenotypic correlation characteristics were estimated. The genetic diversity was estimated by multivariate methods (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean-UPGMA, Tocher, principal component and canonical variables). Analyses of variance and genetic diversity revealed significant differences among genotypes, with the possible formation of two, three or four genetically distinct groups. The heritability values ranged from 79.6 to 97.0% for all 19 quantitative characteristics. The water content and cladode fresh matter are the characteristics that contributed most to the genetic divergence among the materials. Moreover, these characteristics are significantly and positively correlated with dry matter, width, length and cladode area. Thus, the genetic variability among the studied varieties of cactus pear and their potential use in breeding programs are confirmed. The uni and multivariate methods used for the genetic divergence differ and gather genotypes in two, three or four groups. Key words: Brazilian semiarid, forage, genetic distance, grouping, multivariate analysis.