Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychological Well-being Trajectories of Individuals with Dyslexia Aged 3-11 Years.

Dyslexia has been associated with a range of psychological well-being issues in childhood. However, it is unclear if these difficulties stem from coping with academic struggles at school, or from other pre-existing diagnoses that sometimes co-occur with dyslexia. Using UK Millennium Cohort Study data (n = 7224) from 2003 to 2011, the present study compared psychological well-being development from ages 3-11 years for children with (1) dyslexia only; (2) special educational needs excluding dyslexia; (3) comorbid dyslexia and other special educational needs; and (4) no special educational needs. Growth curve modelling results controlling for race, gender, age and family income suggested that with the exception of conduct difficulties, psychological well-being issues related to dyslexia do not occur preschool; rather, they commence upon starting school. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of neurological disorders during pregnancy and puerperium

Objective: To study the clinical profile of patients presenting with primary and secondary neurological disorders during pregnancy and puerperium. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out at the Lady Harding Medical College between February 2004 and January 2005. All patients in pregnancy, postabortal or postpartum period attending to the Lady Harding Medical College between February 2004 and January 2005 and requiring neurological consultation were included in this study. Women with eclampsia were excluded. Results: There were 76 women included in this study (incidence of neurological disorders was 584 per 100,000 deliveries), with 46 cases of primary and 30 of secondary neurological disorders. The former included epilepsy (22), CNS infections (12), cerebrovascular disorders (9) [cerebral venous thrombosis - CVT (5), arterial infarctions (3) and haemorrhage (1)], CNS glioma (1), traumatic quadriparesis (1) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (1). The latter included hepatic encephalopathy [HE] (28), enteric encephalopathy (1) and critical illness polyneuropathy (1). In patients of epilepsy, the seizures had an equitable distribution in the trimesters and post-partum period, were mainly of generalized type (77.27%) and were controlled in the majority (90.9%). No fetal congenital malformations were seen. Tubercular meningitis [TBM] (7), pyogenic meningitis (4) and viral encephalitis (1) were the CNS infections encountered and pregnancy outcome was good in most cases. All cases of CVT presented in the postpartum period with fever and neurological signs following home delivery. Outcomes included recovery (2), residual deficits (1), persisting seizures (1) and death (1). HE affected patients mainly during the latter half of pregnancy or the post-partum period and was associated with 64.3% mortality. Death in HE showed correlation with grade of HE ( P =0.007); Glasgow Coma Scale ( P =0.006); Liver span ( P =0.049); bilirubin ( P =0.005) and retained foetus ( P =0.044). Conclusion: The incidence of neurological disorders in pregnancy and puerperium was fairly high. Epilepsy and hepatic encephalopathy were the commonest primary and secondary neurological disorders, respectively.
Fortifying the forest: thinning and burning increase resistance to a bark beetle outbreak and promote forest resilience.

Fire frequency in low-elevation coniferous forests in western North America has greatly declined since the late 1800s. In many areas, this has increased tree density and the proportion of shade-tolerant species, reduced resource availability, and increased forest susceptibility to forest insect pests and high-severity wildfire. In response, treatments are often implemented with the goal of increasing ecosystem resilience by increasing resistance to disturbance. We capitalized on an existing replicated study of fire and stand density treatments in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)-Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forest in western Montana, USA, that experienced a naturally occurring mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak 5 yr after implementation of fuels treatments. We explored whether treatment effects on tree-level defense and stand structure affected resistance to MPB. Mortality from MPB was highest in the denser, untreated control and burn-only treatments, with approximately 50% and 39%, respectively, of ponderosa pine killed during the outbreak, compared to almost no mortality in the thin-only and thin-burn treatments. Thinning treatments, with or without fire, dramatically increased tree growth and resin ducts relative to control and burn-only treatments. Prescribed burning did not increase resin ducts but did cause changes in resin chemistry that may have affected MPB communication and lowered attack success. While ponderosa pine remained dominant in the thin and thin-burn treatments after the outbreak, the high pine mortality in the control and burn-only treatment caused a shift in species dominance to Douglas-fir. The high Douglas-fir component in the control and burn-only treatments due to 20th century fire exclusion, coupled with high pine mortality from MPB, has likely reduced resilience of this forest beyond the ability to return to a ponderosa pine-dominated system in the absence of further fire or mechanical treatment. Our results show treatments designed to increase resistance to high-severity fire in ponderosa pine-dominated forests in the Northern Rockies can also increase resistance to MPB, even during an outbreak. This study suggests that fuel and restoration treatments in fire-dependent ponderosa pine forests that reduce tree density increase ecosystem resilience in the short term, while the reintroduction of fire is important for long-term resilience.
The relationship between demands for lung cancer screening and the constructs of health belief model: a cross-sectional survey in Hefei, China

Abstract The aim of investigation is to explore the relationship between demands for lung cancer screening (LCS) and the constructs derived from the health belief model (HBM) in Hefei. The study collected data about socio-demographics, health beliefs in and demands for LCS during early June to later July 2015. By constructing a LCS demands HBM constructs, it calculated indices of demands for LCS (DSI) and HBM constructs, which include perceived risk (PR) and seriousness (PS) of the cancers; and perceived effectiveness (PE), benefits (PB) and difficulties (PD) of the screening. It also performed descriptive and multivariate regression analysis of the demands and the HBM constructs. The amount of 823 respondents participated and completed the survey. 6.4% of them had ever undertaken LCS, whereas 60.1% of them expressed willingness to accept the service of LCS if it is free. In multiple regression analysis which used weights in calculating the HBM construct indices, education displayed significant positive associations with DSI (p = .044), and most of HBM constructs indices (PSI, PRI, PBI, and PDI) were statistically significant with DSI (p < .05). HBM-based constructs regarding LCS have important effects on demands for the service, and may provide effective paths to cancer screening promotion.
The prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in patients with rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT A number of studies have reported the suicidal ideation (SI) or suicide attempts (SA) of patients with rheumatic diseases. However, the estimated prevalence of those disorders varies substantially between studies. This systematic review aimed to describe the prevalence of SI and SA in rheumatic diseases. Literature search was done using Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane database library, PubMed and CNKI database through June 2017. Studies were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and the qualities of included studies were evaluated. The data was analyzed using STATA version 12.0. A random-effect meta-analysis was conducted on all eligible data. A total of 17 identified studies matched the inclusion criteria, involving 5174 participants with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and fibromyalgia (FM). Meta-analysis showed that rheumatic diseases patients have high prevalence of SI (26%, 95% CI: 19%-32%, I²=96.2%) and SA (12%, 95% CI: 3%-21%, I²=96.6%). We also found the prevalence of SI and SA in females may be higher than in males. All of these indicated that rheumatologists should screen for SI and SA in their patients. Early appropriate intervention is therefore essential to promote the patients’ good mental health.
Blood glucose meters: an independent head-to-head comparison

A new generation of blood glucose meters is now available for use by people with diabetes and health professionals, but little independent evaluation data is available. Previous models are prone to a variety of errors. We compared the accuracy, precision and features of the six latest meters available in Australia as of 1996. Meters studied were the Mini-Accutrend and Advantage (Boehringer Mannheim), Precision QID and Companion 2 (MediSense), Glucometer Elite (Bayer) and Lynx (National Diagnostic Products). We measured the blood glucose levels of 50 people with diabetes with these meters, and compared them to a reference method (YSI glucose analyser). Error grid analysis confirmed that accuracy of all meters was sufficient for their intended use as patient monitors. Precision was assessed using 25 samples from control solutions provided for each meter, and the coefficient of variation calculated. Improvements in strip and meter technology in some models have increased ease of use and reduced the likelihood of user error. This study, when considered with individual preferences for various features and price should assist patients in choosing a new blood glucose meter.
Attention and Emotion in Anosognosia: Evidence of Implicit Awareness and Repression?

Accounts of anosognosia for hemiplegia have long suggested some implicit knowledge of deficit, where lack of awareness is driven by the emotionally-aversive consequences of bringing deficit-related thoughts to consciousness. The present study investigates this issue using an attentional-capture paradigm, presenting words associated with hemiplegia-related deficit. As anticipated, non-anosognosics showed reduced latencies (i.e., facilitation) for emotionally threatening words. In striking contrast, anosognosics showed increased latencies (i.e., interference), a finding which supports the claim of implicit awareness. The effect appears to be due to newly-learned associations to disability-related words: where anosognosics show a pattern of performance previously described as repression.
A Case of Pulmonary Artery Intimal Sarcoma Masquerading as Pulmonary Embolism

Pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma is a rare tumor with no characteristic symptoms. It is frequently misdiagnosed as pulmonary embolism. We report a case of pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma in a 48-year-old man with dyspnea, cough and blood-tinged sputum. He was initially suspected and treated as a pulmonary embolism. Computed tomography of the chest showed filling defects occupying the entire luminal diameter of the right and left pulmonary artery as well as extraluminal extension of the intraluminal mass. Surgical resection of the tumor confirmed pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma. After surgery, he received 8 cycles of combined chemotherapy consisting of doxorubicin and ifosfamide. After 8 cycles, Computed tomography of the chest showed interval regression of the residual tumor. Radiotherapy was done as tota l 6,000 cGy for 5 weeks, following the 8th chemotherapy. The patient's condition was successfully stabilized with chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Warm, dry winters truncate timing and size distribution of seaward‐migrating salmon across a large, regulated watershed

Abstract Ecologists are pressed to understand how climate constrains the timings of annual biological events (phenology). Climate influences on phenology are likely significant in estuarine watersheds because many watersheds provide seasonal fish nurseries where juvenile presence is synched with favorable conditions. While ecologists have long recognized that estuaries are generally important to juvenile fish, we incompletely understand the specific ecosystem dynamics that contribute to their nursery habitat value, limiting our ability to identify and protect vital habitat components. Here we examined the annual timing of juvenile coldwater fish migrating through a seasonally warm, hydrologically managed watershed. Our goal was to (1) understand how climate constrained the seasonal timing of water conditions necessary for juvenile fish to use nursery habitats and (2) inform management decisions about (a) mitigating climate‐mediated stress on nursery habitat function and (b) conserving heat‐constrained species in warming environments. Cool, wet winters deposited snow and cold water into mountains and reservoirs, which kept the lower watershed adequately cool for juveniles through the spring despite the region approaching its hot, dry summers. For every 1°C waters in April were colder, the juvenile fish population (1) inhabited the watershed 4–7 d longer and (2) entered marine waters, where survival is size selective, at maximum sizes 2.1 mm larger. Climate therefore appeared to constrain the nursery functions of this system by determining seasonal windows of tolerable rearing conditions, and cold water appeared to be a vital ecosystem component that promoted juvenile rearing. Fish in this system inhabit the southernmost extent of their range and already rear during the coolest part of the year, suggesting that a warming climate will truncate rather than shift their annual presence. Our findings are concerning for coldwater diadromous species in general because warming climates may constrain watershed use and diminish viability of life histories (e.g., late springtime rearing) and associated portfolio benefits over the long term. Lower watershed nurseries for coldwater fish in warming climates may be enhanced through allocating coldwater reservoir releases to prolong juvenile rearing periods downstream or restorations that facilitate colder conditions.
A pilot case series using qualitative and quantitative methods: biological, psychological and social outcome in severe and enduring eating disorder (anorexia nervosa).

OBJECTIVE We explore the level of disability and quality of life in participants with severe and enduring eating disorder (anorexia nervosa). METHOD We use qualitative and quantitative methods to assess in detail eleven participants with a 10-year history of anorexia nervosa. Outcomes for quality of life are compared with those of a sample of primary care patients with moderate-severe depression. Outcomes for living skills are compared with a standardized community sample of patients with schizophrenia. RESULTS Despite scoring highly for communication skills and levels of responsibility, participants were as impaired as the sample of patients with schizophrenia for self-care and social contact. Participants were severely depressed and scores for quality of life mirrored those of the primary care population. Qualitative data illustrate intrapersonal and interpersonal avoidance leading to self-neglect and social isolation despite social skills. CONCLUSION Quality of life and living skills are as impaired as those of other severe and enduring mental illnesses.
Repair of long bone fractures in cats

LONG bone fractures are common and account for 50 per cent of all feline fractures. They are usually caused by road traffic accidents, but may also result from falls, fights and gunshot wounds. Fractures of the hindquarters predominate, with reports of 73 per cent of fractures involving the hindlimbs, pelvis or sacrum. Although the broad principles of long bone fracture treatment are the same irrespective of species, cats are not small dogs, and important differences exist with respect to patient and fracture management. There is a common misconception that repair of feline long bones is simple to perform and not prone to the same range of complications seen in dogs. It has been facetiously remarked that two cat bone fragments will heal if placed together in the same room. Unfortunately, this casual attitude is not borne out by clinical experience and studies, which have shown the cat to be susceptible to the same range of complications as the dog. The notion that feline fracture repair is straightforward may have arisen because of the cat's ability to compensate for impaired function. This article provides an overview of the most commonly used methods of diaphyseal long bone fracture repair in cats and suggests some guidelines to aid decision making, with the emphasis on features that are pertinent to this species.
Ethnic origins of patients attending specialist eating disorders services in a multiethnic urban catchment area in the United Kingdom.

OBJECTIVE This study considered the impact of ethnicity on the referral process for patients with eating disorders, at the levels of referral rate, diagnosis, and treatment offered. METHOD A catchment area cohort of 648 patients was referred and assessed at specialist eating disorders services in a multiethnic urban area (all boroughs in South London, UK). Each patient was diagnosed and offered treatment (or an alternative appropriate end-point to the referral), and self-identified their ethnicity. For comparison purposes, the local ethnic minority population was taken from census data. RESULTS Ethnic minority patients were substantially less likely to be referred to the services than white patients, relative to the local population. The ethnic minority group were more likely to suffer from bulimia nervosa, and less likely to be found to have no eating disorder. However, the treatments offered did not differ substantially across the ethnic groups. DISCUSSION Referrals to specialist eating disorder services do not reflect local populations' ethnic composition, though this disparity seems to be less by the time that the patient is offered treatment. It will be important to determine the source of these ethnic differences, and to take steps to reduce them.
The effect of attentional scope on spatial relation processing: A case study

Patient NC showed impairment on several tasks making use of coordinate spatial information, while categorical processing was at control level. Her assessment of local and global features of visual stimuli indicated that she had a local bias of attention, whereas controls showed a global bias. Her problems with coordinate tasks can be explained by this reduced global attentional focus. These findings confirm previous reports suggesting that the processing of categorical spatial relations benefits from a small scope of attention, whereas a relatively large scope of attention enhances coordinate spatial relation processing.
Cerebellar hyperperfusion in semantic dementia

Despite evidence of a cerebellar contribution to language, possible functional changes of the cerebellum in patients with language impairment secondary to cerebral neurodegeneration has not been investigated so far. We examined with resting perfusion single photon emission tomography one patient with semantic dementia and the data were compared with a normal subject database. Region of interest and Statistical Parametric Mapping 2 analysis showed in the patient hypoperfusion of the left temporal and parietal lobe and hyperperfusion in the superior vermis and cerebellar hemispheres (lobules IV, V, and VI). The cerebellum shows increased flow of possible compensatory significance in patients with language disturbance associated to cerebral degenerative changes.
New applications of biological monitoring for environmental exposure and susceptibility monitoring. Report of the 7th International Symposium on Biological Monitoring in Occupational and Environmental Health

Abstract Validated biological monitoring methods are used in large-scale monitoring programmes involving determination of ubiquitous environmental pollutants such as metals and pesticides. Some programmes focus on children's exposure, and policies to prevent adverse health effects. Most of these initiatives are aimed at characterizing trends. Some of these programmes are designed to investigate the role of certain exposures in disease. Fewer new biological monitoring methods were presented during the present meeting than in previous meetings. All of these new methods used mass spectrometric-based detection and quantification. There is an increasing use of biomarkers to study genetic polymorphisms of enzyme systems involved in both toxification pathways and metabolite conjugation and DNA repair. At the meeting a discussion was started that could lead to a further harmonization of the scientific fundaments of the use of biological monitoring in occupational health with possible value also for applications in the field of environmental health.
Weight suppression as a predictor variable in treatment trials of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine weight suppression (WS) as a predictor of treatment outcome among individuals with binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN). METHOD Participants were diagnosed with BED or BN and took part in separate treatment studies. The current study examined WS as a predictor of treatment completion, weight change during treatment, and symptomatic abstinence, as well as percent reduction in binge eating and purging frequency. RESULTS WS did not significantly predict treatment completion or treatment outcome in either group. DISCUSSION Contrary to some previous findings, these results failed to demonstrate that WS was predictive of outcome at the end of treatment in BN. In addition, WS was not predictive of treatment outcome or dropout status in BED.
Psychological insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Aim Our study was conducted to review factors responsible for psychological insulin resistance among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients and methods In our study on 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus enrolled from an outpatient clinic of diabetes, all patients were noncompliant to diet and exercise, with high HbA1c, and all planned to be converted to insulin therapy. Results The results showed that a large number of factors account for psychological insulin resistance in patients; the main categories were emotional, cognitive, social, cultural, and interaction with health providers. Conclusion We concluded that there is a significant need of evidence-based interventions that help remove psychological barriers about insulin use in patients.
LIFE HISTORY VARIATION IN PRIMATES

Extensive variation in life‐history patterns is documented across primate species. Variables included are gestation length, neonatal weight, litter size, age at weaning, age at sexual maturity, age at first breeding, longevity, and length of the estrous cycle. Species within genera and genera within subfamilies tend to be very similar on most measures, and about 85% of the variation remains when the subfamily is used as the level for statistical analysis. Variation in most life‐history measures is highly correlated with variation in body size, and differences in body size are associated with differences in behavior and ecology. Allometric relationships between life‐history variables and adult body weight are described; subfamily deviations from best‐fit lines do not reveal strong correlations with behavior or ecology. However, for their body size, some subfamilies show consistently fast development across life‐history stages while others are characteristically slow. One exception to the tendency for relative values to be positively correlated is brain growth: those primates with relatively large brains at birth have relatively less postnatal brain growth. Humans are a notable exception, with large brains at birth and high postnatal brain growth.