Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Credit Rating Inflation and Firms' Investments

We analyze credit rating effects on firm investments in a rational bond financing game that features a feedback loop. The credit rating agency (CRA) inflates the rating, providing a biased but informative signal to creditors. Creditors' response to the rating affects the firm's investment decision and thus its credit quality, which is reflected in the rating. The CRA might reduce ex ante economic efficiency, which results solely from its strategic effect: the CRA assigns more firms high ratings and allows them to gamble for resurrection. We derive empirical predictions on the determinants of rating standards and inflation and discuss policy implications.
The ERP implementation of SME in China

Enterprise Resource Planning-ERP implementing of small and middle size enterprise — SME is different from the large one. Based on the analysis on the character of ERP marketing and SMEs of China, 6 critical success factors are recommended. The research suggests that the top management support is most important to ERP implement in SME of China, in which paternalism prevails. Database of management and capital are main obstacles. ERP 1 or ERP 2 fits to demand of SME; high power project team has tremendous significance in the situation of absence of IT engineer for SME; education and training is helpful to successfully ERP implementing. The results service as better understanding the ERP implementation of SME in China and gaining the good performance of ERP implementation.
Functional Hierarchy of the N-Terminal Tyrosines of SLP-761

The adaptor protein Src homology 2 domain-containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kDa (SLP-76) plays a central role in T cell activation and T cell development. SLP-76 has three functional modules: an acidic domain with three key tyrosines, a central proline-rich domain, and a C-terminal Src homology 2 domain. Of these, mutation of the three N-terminal tyrosines (Y112, Y128, and Y145) results in the most profound effects on T cell development and function. Y112 and Y128 associate with Vav and Nck, two proteins shown to be important for TCR-induced phosphorylation of proximal signaling substrates, Ca2+ flux, and actin reorganization. Y145 has been shown to be important for optimal association of SLP-76 with inducible tyrosine kinase, a key regulator of T cell function. To investigate further the role of the phosphorylatable tyrosines of SLP-76 in TCR signaling, cell lines and primary T cells expressing SLP-76 with mutations in individual or paired tyrosine residues were analyzed. These studies show that Tyr145 of SLP-76 is the most critical tyrosine for both T cell function in vitro and T cell development in vivo.
HARQ in LTE uplink: A simple and effective modification suitable for low mobility users

In this paper a Bayesian approach to increase the throughput and reduce the latency of the Hybrid-ARQ processes in the Long Term Evolution uplink is proposed. The performance of the enhanced system is evaluated and compared to the standard one using a theoretical framework based on the Accumulated Mutual Information and the theory of Markov chains. The proposed modification is simple to implement in real systems and it is shown to be effective, especially in low mobility scenarios.
Characterization of the genome of the murine papovavirus K

The DNA genome of the murine papovavirus K virus (KV) was characterized and compared with the genome of polyoma virus. A physical map of the KV genome was constructed by analysis of the size of DNA fragments generated by sequential cleavage with combinations of restriction endonucleases. By using one of the three EcoRI sites in the KV genome as the 0 map position, the KV physical map was then oriented to the polyoma virus genome. Of 42 restriction sites mapped within the KV genome, 7 were localized within 0.01 map unit of their respective sites in the polyoma virus genome; an eighth site mapped within 0.02 map unit. KV replication was examined and found to be bidirectional, initiating at approximately 0.70 map unit. This corresponds well to the origin of replication within the polyoma virus genome and further supports the orientation of the KV physical map.
Evaluating the static and dynamic environmental performance of HSFs: Based on DEA and MPI approach

Due to long-term exploration with insufficient conservation, the resources and environment in Heilongjiang state farms (HSFs) have been impacted and influenced to some extent. However, the environmental problem of HSFS has received minimum attention, so it is very important to evaluate the environmental production efficiency and the productivity of HSFs. In this article, methods of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) are applied to examine the environmental production of 10 bureaus in HSFS for 5 consecutive years. Consequently, inefficiencies are found in 8 of the total 10 bureaus from static perspective, and the great improvement has taken place in each bureau's overall environmental performance toward a dynamic perspective, especially in its technical change, which can provide helpful information to improve the environmental performance of HSFs.
Cervical radiculopathy or Parsonage-Turner syndrome: differential diagnosis of a patient with neck and upper extremity symptoms.

STUDY DESIGN Resident's case problem. BACKGROUND The signs and symptoms of cervical radiculopathy (CR) warrant the consideration of several other conditions in CR's differential diagnosis. One condition that may mimic CR, which is not well known amongst physical therapists, is Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS). PTS is characterized by an onset of intense pain that typically subsides within days to weeks. However, as pain subsides, weakness and/or paralysis may develop in upper extremity muscles. The purpose of this resident's case problem is to describe a patient who presented to our clinic with a diagnosis of CR, but had findings consistent with PTS. DIAGNOSIS The patient was a 43-year-old male referred to physical therapy with a diagnosis of CR. He had a previous episode of CR 1 year ago that was treated successfully. He had positive magnetic resonance imaging findings of structural abnormalities suggestive of causative factors for CR. The patient was treated for CR with thoracic and cervical spine manipulations and intermittent cervical traction. The initial acute severe pain subsided, but weakness in the upper extremity worsened. Diagnosis of PTS was made upon exclusion of other potential confounding diagnoses and the findings of fibrillation potentials and positive waves in electrodiagnostic studies. DISCUSSION CR and PTS are characterized by pain in the cervical spine, shoulder, and upper extremity. CR generally has an insidious onset, while PTS has a rapid onset of intense pain. Symptoms of CR are exacerbated with neck movements, while symptoms related to PTS should not be exacerbated with neck movements. In patients that do not respond to conventional therapy and have a progression of upper extremity muscle weakness, regardless of decreased pain, the diagnosis of PTS should be considered.
OSPF Protocol Analysis

This is the first of two reports on the OSPF protocol. These reports arerequired by the IAB/ IESG in order for an Internet routing protocol toadvance to Draft Standard Status. OSPF is a TCP/IP routing protocol,designed to be used internal to an Autonomous System (in other words,OSPF is an Interior Gateway Protocol).
Spectroscopic Evidence That Salicylic Acid Converts a Temporally Inactivated Form of Horseradish Peroxidase (Compound III) to the Irreversibly Inactivated Verdohemoprotein (P-670)

We obtained spectroscopic evidence in support of salicylate-dependent inactivation of horseradish peroxidase-C. Addition of salicylate to the enzyme arrested at a temporal inactive state (Compound III) in the presence of H2O2, resulted in rapid and irreversible inactivation of the enzyme yielding verdohemoproteins (P-670). Multiple roles for salicylate in peroxidase- catalyzed reactions are discussed.
Derived Properties: A User Friendly Approach To Improving Model Traceability

The paper presents a new approach to improving vertical traceability of UML models by defining derived properties that are calculated by a modeling tool on the fly. The proposed traceability metamodel and framework is implemented in UML CASE tool MagicDraw. The exploratory case study of applying the approach to a particular development process has shown that the approach allows validating completeness of the project, analyzing impact of changes, and, by doing this, avoids typical traceability issues. In contrast to other existing solutions, this approach does not burden users with additional complexity for defining and maintaining traceability in their projects. The approach gives possibility for UML CASE tool developers to adapt their tools for traceability analysis not overloading them with traceability information, flexibly introducing required derived properties, dynamically calculating them, and analyzing via dedicated and already existing tool-specific means. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.itc. 42.1. 2470
Modes of Embodiment in Breast Cancer Patients Using Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Breast cancer patients are frequent users of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). They often have complex reasons for, and experiences from, their use of CAM. Bodily experiences are important and almost unexplored elements in CAM use. Our aim was to explore the meaning and importance of bodily experiences among breast cancer patients who were using CAM as a supplement or an alternative to conventional treatment (CT). Our findings based on qualitative interviews with 13 women suggest that bodily experiences were particularly important when positioned outside conventional health care prior to medical diagnosis and as users of CAM as alternative to CT. We introduce three central modes of embodiment related to CAM use: the right to one’s body, the body used as a gauge, and the body used as a guide. Patients’ positioning between treatment systems should be further explored from a bodily perspective to safeguard and optimize their treatment choices.
Hypermutation of DPYD Deregulates Pyrimidine Metabolism and Promotes Malignant Progression

New strategies are needed to diagnose and target human melanoma. To this end, genomic analyses was performed to assess somatic mutations and gene expression signatures using a large cohort of human skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project to identify critical differences between primary and metastatic tumors. Interestingly, pyrimidine metabolism is one of the major pathways to be significantly enriched and deregulated at the transcriptional level in melanoma progression. In addition, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and other important pyrimidine-related genes: DPYS, AK9, CAD, CANT1, ENTPD1, NME6, NT5C1A, POLE, POLQ, POLR3B, PRIM2, REV3L, and UPP2 are significantly enriched in somatic mutations relative to the background mutation rate. Structural analysis of the DPYD protein dimer reveals a potential hotspot of recurring somatic mutations in the ligand-binding sites as well as the interfaces of protein domains that mediated electron transfer. Somatic mutations of DPYD are associated with upregulation of pyrimidine degradation, nucleotide synthesis, and nucleic acid processing while salvage and nucleotide conversion is downregulated in TCGA SKCM. Implications: At a systems biology level, somatic mutations of DPYD cause a switch in pyrimidine metabolism and promote gene expression of pyrimidine enzymes toward malignant progression. Mol Cancer Res; 14(2); 196–206. ©2015 AACR.
Clinical consequences of non adherence to immunosuppressive medication in kidney transplant patients

Little is known of the long‐term clinical effects of non adherence on transplanted kidneys, especially regarding newer immunosuppressive regimens. In a study of 356 adult Swiss kidney transplant patients, non adherence was measured at inclusion by means of self‐reporting, electronic monitoring, collateral reporting and blood assay. Long‐term clinical outcomes regarding graft loss and creatinine levels were collected prospectively over a period of 5 years. A Cox proportional hazards model and mixed regression analysis were used, respectively, to examine the effects of non adherence on kidney survival and kidney function. The majority of patients (62%) were on immunosuppressive regimens that included mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus or sirolimus. No associations were found between non adherence and kidney graft survival or graft function. Notwithstanding weaknesses of this study, this negative result suggests that high adherence may protect patients against detrimental clinical outcomes, and/or that immunosuppressive regimens containing newer drugs allow wider non adherence margins than those based on previous generation medications such as cyclosporine, azathioprine and corticosteroids.
Serotonin 5-HT2 receptor imaging in major depression: focal changes in orbito-insular cortex

Background Serotonin receptors may play an important role in the pathophysiology of affective disorders. We studied type-2 serotonin (5-HT2) receptors in the brain of patients with major depression. Method Using positron emission tomography (PET) and the selective radioligand [18F]altanserin, we investigated 5-HT2 receptor distribution in eight drug-free unipolar depressed patients and 22 healthy subjects. Data were analysed using Statistical Parametric Mapping 95. Results In depressed patients, [18F]altanserin uptake was significantly reduced in a region of the right hemisphere including the posterolateral orbitofrontal cortex and the anterior insular cortex. A trend to similar changes was found in the left hemisphere. No correlation was found between the uptake and the Hamilton rating scale score. Conclusions Pathophysiology of depression may involve changes in 5-HT2 receptor in brain regions selectively implicated in mood regulation.
The ratio of contrast volume to glomerular filtration rate predicts outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention for ST‐segment elevation acute myocardial infarction

Objective: To assess the value of the ratio between contrast medium volume and glomerular filtration rate (CMGFRr) for prediction of development of contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) and mortality in patients with ST‐segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background: Renal function is a strong predictor of outcome in patients with STEMI. CIN may complicate the course of primary PCI in these patients. Methods: The study population included all 871 consecutive patients with STEMI without cardiogenic shock who underwent primary PCI at our center from January 1, 2001, to October 30, 2006. CIN was defined as an absolute increase in serum creatinine > 0.5 mg/dL or a relative increase >25% within 48 hr after PCI. Results: In‐hospital CIN developed in 72 (8.3%) patients. On linear regression analysis, the following variables were independently associated with CIN: male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18–0.97, P = 0.04), GFR < 60 (OR = 3.6, 95% CI, 2.79–4.78, P < 0.0001), multivessel coronary artery disease (OR = 1.67, 95% CI, 1.08–2.58, P = 0.02), CMGFRr (OR = 1.53, 95% CI, 1.01–2.31, P = 0.04, for upper tertile vs. lower two tertiles), and Killip class > 1 (OR = 1.35, 95% CI, 1.03–1.76, P = 0.03). CMGFRr > 3.7 was a strong independent predictor of CIN (OR = 3.87, 95% CI, 1.72–8.68, P = 0.001). Twenty‐six (2.9%) patients died at 1 month after PCI. The following variables were independently predictive of 1‐month mortality: CMGFRr > 3.7 (OR = 3.3, 95% CI, 1.22–9.04, P = 0.018) and multivessel coronary artery disease (OR = 2.3, 95% CI, 1.28–4.07, P = 0.005). Conclusion: The contrast medium‐to‐GFR ratio is a strong predictor of CIN and of 1‐month mortality in patients undergoing primary PCI for STEMI. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Theorizing Affordance Actualization in Digital Innovation from a Socio-Technical Perspective: The case of the video game industry

Digital technology provides opportunities for new product development and in - novation through affordances. However, in digital innovation, human actors are constrained by the design of technology and its interaction with different aspects of the socio-technical context. In this article, we investigate the relationship between digital technology and de - velopers in a video game development company and its role in supporting and hindering digital innovation. We build on theory of affordances and constraints in answering the re - search question: How does the actualization of affordances in video game development influence the innovation process and outcome? Based on empirical analysis, we identify four affordances: Tool development, prototyping, user testing, and patching. We theorize affordance actualization and distinguish between innovation outcome and process inno - vation affordances. Furthermore, we theorize the dependencies between human actors, the organization, and technology in the affordance actualization process and mechanism.
A further proteomic study on the effect of iron in the human pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis

Iron is an essential element to support the growth and survival of Trichomonas vaginalis. It plays a critical role in the host–parasite interaction, and modulates the expression of virulence factors in this protozoan. In this work, parasites grown in iron‐rich and iron‐depleted media were analyzed by (i) light and scanning electron microscopy and (ii) 2‐DE and MS. Withdrawal of iron from the culture medium resulted in dramatic changes in both the morphology and in the proteome pattern of T. vaginalis. Trophozoites underwent transformation from ellipsoid or amoeboid forms to rounded cells, whose flagella and axostyle were internalized. Forty‐five proteins differentially expressed in parasites cultivated in the absence of iron were identified. In iron‐depleted parasites, enzymes involved in energetic metabolism, proteolysis and hydrogenosomal iron‐sulfur (Fe‐S) proteins were down‐regulated or even suppressed. Among up‐regulated proteins, six isoforms of actin were detected. In addition, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, putative lactate dehydrogenase, and putative adenosine triphosphatase were also up‐regulated or were exclusively observed in gels related to iron‐depleted parasites. Our data demonstrate that iron has a pivotal role in the regulation of the morphological transformation of T. vaginalis and modulates the expression of both Fe‐S and non‐Fe‐S proteins in the parasite.
Campylobacter cinaedi is normal intestinal flora in hamsters

During the course of studies to reproduce proliferative enteritis in hamsters, Campylobacter cinaedi was recovered from the feces of the majority of healthy hamsters obtained from two commercial sources. The organisms were cultured by using filtration, a nonselective medium, and a microaerophilic atmosphere containing hydrogen. Isolation was hindered by the fastidious nature of C. cinaedi and by the presence of other Campylobacter species in the hamster intestine. All hamster C. cinaedi isolates were phenotypically similar to C. cinaedi ATCC 35683. Comparison of whole-cell protein profiles of one hamster isolate with a reference strain of C. cinaedi by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting with C. cinaedi-specific rabbit antiserum supported the phenotypic identification of these isolates. Hamsters may be an animal reservoir for human C. cinaedi infections.
Association of Carotid Arterial Resistive Indices and Intima Media Thickness (IMT) With Glycemic Status in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Background: Chronic hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress, impairs endothelial function, facilitates monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and thickens intima media contributing to development of atherosclerosis. The resistive index and intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery are sonographic parameters that depend on the degree of atherosclerosis. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of carotid arterial resistive index, IMT with glycemic status in type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and methods: Thirty five type 2 diabetic patients with more than 5 year diabetic duration in the age group of 35 to 60 years were selected for this study, 20 age matched healthy individuals were selected as control group. Common carotid artery resistive index, IMT and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) were analyzed by conventional standardized methods. Results: The mean levels of Carotid arterial resistive index, IMT are significantly increased in diabetic patients. Common carotid artery resistive index and intima media thickness positively correlated with HbA1c. Conclusion: Evaluation of Carotid arterial resistive index and IMT could be potentially useful diagnostic markers for the assessment of atherosclerotic changes and endothelial dysfunction as a consequence of chronic hyperglycemia in diabetic patients.
Human Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Properties of XEN-D0101: A Novel Atrial-Selective Kv1.5/IKur Inhibitor

Abstract: The human electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of XEN-D0101 were evaluated to assess its usefulness for treating atrial fibrillation (AF). XEN-D0101 inhibited Kv1.5 with an IC50 of 241 nM and is selective over non-target cardiac ion channels (IC50 Kv4.3, 4.2 &mgr;M; hERG, 13 &mgr;M; activated Nav1.5, >100 &mgr;M; inactivated Nav1.5, 34 &mgr;M; Kir3.1/3.4, 17 &mgr;M; Kir2.1, >>100 &mgr;M). In atrial myocytes from patients in sinus rhythm (SR) and chronic AF, XEN-D0101 inhibited non-inactivating outward currents (Ilate) with IC50 of 410 and 280 nM, respectively, and peak outward currents (Ipeak) with IC50 of 806 and 240 nM, respectively. Whereas Ilate is mainly composed of IKur, Ipeak consists of IKur and Ito. Therefore, the effects on Ito alone were estimated from a double-pulse protocol where IKur was inactivated (3.5 µM IC50 in SR and 1 µM in AF). Thus, inhibition of Ipeak is because of IKur reduction and not Ito. XEN-D0101 significantly prolonged the atrial action potential duration at 20%, 50%, and 90% of repolarization (AF tissue only) and significantly elevated the atrial action potential plateau phase and increased contractility (SR and AF tissues) while having no effect on human ventricular action potentials. In healthy volunteers, XEN-D0101 did not significantly increase baseline- and placebo-adjusted QTc up to a maximum oral dose of 300 mg. XEN-D0101 is a Kv1.5/IKur inhibitor with an attractive atrial-selective profile.
Cell-cell adhesion force measurement using nano picker via nanorobotic manipulators inside ESEM

Cell-cell adhesion force is important for cell activities. In this paper, a novel cell-cell adhesion force measurement method using nano picker was proposed based on the nanorobotic manipulation system inside an environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The nano picker was fabricated from atomic force microscopy(AFM) cantilever by focused ion beam(FIB) etching. The spring constant of the nano picker was calibrated by nano manipulation approach. The cell which was selected for adhesion force measurement was first positioned on the top of another cell by a micro probe. Then, the nano picker was inserted to the join area between the two cells. Finally, the nano picker lifted the top cell by the actuating of nano manipulator inside environmental scanning electron microscopy ESEM. The cell-cell adhesion force can be measured based on the deflection of the cantilever during the cell separation. This method allowed the observation and manipulation of cell at nano scale simultaneously. Study of cell adhesion will benefit the understanding the mechanism of cell spreading, proliferation and so on.