Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production of bio-diesel from non-edible dried fruits of Lagerstroemia speciosa

Rapid urbanization and increase in population have evoked tremendous attention for biofuelsproduction to combatshortage of fuels, environmental concerns, foreign exchange savingsand socioeconomic issues.In recent years biodiesel production from agro-industrial feedstocks such as waste vegetable oil, animal fat, grease, non-edible fruit oils etc.,acquired prominent place to fulfil the gap between production and demand. The present investigation has been undertaken to explore a noveland environmentally friendly process for developing biodiesel production technology by subjecting dried fruits of Lagerstroemia speciosa to mild ultrasonication at 33KHz for 20 min at 35±2oCfor obtaining high lipid yield, precursor for the production of biodiesel by transesterification.The biodiesel compounds 2,4di-tert-butylphenol, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) methyl ester, 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester, methyl stearate, cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid methyl ester, 18-methylnonadecanoate were recognized as the main compounds in GC-MS analysis.
Mortality from Pulmonary Embolism by Clinical Severity

Aim: To report all-cause and PE related short term mortality by clinical severity of PE and to identify any missed opportunities for thrombolysis. Background: Mortality related to pulmonary embolism varies widely in the reported literature even for the same clinical severity category of PE. Method: Electronic medical records of all patients presenting to a large tertiary care teaching hospital in London, between October 1, 2018, and January 16, 2020, who had a discharge diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism were reviewed retrospectively. Results: There was no PE related mortality in the low-risk PE group. There was one PE related death in the submassive PE group (1.47% mortality on day 14 and day 30). Massive PE was associated with a 29.4% PE related mortality short-term mortality.
Application of Educational Gaming and Robotics in Teaching and Learning Process

The development of technology has resulted in the development of many assistive tools employed to facilitate education. Amongst these technologically enhanced tools developed for education are games and robots. This paper examines the application of educational games and robots through review of available literature. The areas of application of games and robots in education have been presented. The paper further highlights some challenges encountered in the deployment of games and robotics in education.
Quantum imaging with sub-Poissonian light: challenges and perspectives in optical metrology

Non-classical correlations in optical beams offer an unprecedented opportunity for surpassing the conventional limits of sensitivity and resolution in optical measurements and imaging, especially, but not only, when low photon flux, down to the single photon, is measured. We review the principles of quantum imaging and sensing techniques that exploit sub-Poissonian photon statistics and non-classical photon number correlation, presenting some state-of-the-art achievements in the field. These quantum photonics protocols have the potential to trigger major steps in many applications, such as microscopy and biophotonics, and represent an important opportunity for a new deal in radiometry and photometry.
Quantum states of confined hydrogen plasma species: Monte Carlo calculations

The diffusion Monte Carlo method with symmetry-based state selection is used to calculate the quantum energy states of H2+ ? > confined into potential barriers of atomic dimensions (a model for these ions in solids). Special solutions are employed, permitting one to obtain satisfactory results with rather simple native code. As a test case, 2Πu ? > and 2Πg ? > states of H2+ ? > ions under spherical confinement are considered. The results are interpreted using the correlation of H2+ ? > states to atomic orbitals of H atoms lying on the confining surface and perturbation calculations. The method is straightforwardly applied to cavities of any shape and different hydrogen plasma species (at least one-electron ones, including H) for future studies with real crystal symmetries.
Personal Values and Moral Foundations: Examining Relations and Joint Prediction of Moral Variables

I examined the relationship between personal values and moral foundations by conducting a mini meta-analysis of the values–foundations links in five large-scale cross-cultural samples (overall N = 32,492). I further tested whether the two theories predicted unique variance in moral variables. I found support for values and foundations as unique constructs with consistent and theoretically meaningful relationships. Broadly, self-transcendence versus self-enhancement values dimensions were associated with individualizing foundations, whereas conservation versus openness-to-change values dimensions were associated with binding foundations. Links between values and foundations categories followed the expected theoretical values theory circumplex structure sinusoidal pattern. Dimensions of the two theories predicted unique variance in morality attitudes, behavior, and individual differences. All materials, data sets, and code are available on https://osf.io/6qs5g/.
Identifying Effective Scenarios for Sample Average Approximation.

We introduce a method to improve the tractability of the well-known Sample Average Approximation (SAA) without compromising important theoretical properties, such as convergence in probability and the consistency of an independent and identically distributed (iid) sample. We consider each scenario as a polyhedron of the mix of first-stage and second-stage decision variables. According to John's theorem, the Lowner-John ellipsoid of each polyhedron will be unique which means that different scenarios will have correspondingly different Lowner-John ellipsoids. By optimizing the objective function regarding both feasible regions of the polyhedron and its unique Lowner-John ellipsoid, respectively, we obtain a pair of optimal values, which would be a coordinate on a two-dimensional plane. The scenarios, whose coordinates are close enough on the plane, will be treated as one scenario; thus our method reduces the sample size of an iid sample considerably. Instead of using a large iid sample directly, we would use the cluster of low-cost computers to calculate the coordinates of a massive number of scenarios and build a representative and significantly smaller sample to feed the solver. We show that our method will obtain the optimal solution of a very large sample without compromising the solution quality. Furthermore, our method would be implementable as a distributed computational infrastructure with many but low-cost computers.
Structure of online dating markets in US cities

We study the structure of heterosexual dating markets in the United States through an analysis of the interactions of several million users of a large online dating website, applying recently developed network analysis methods to the pattern of messages exchanged among users. Our analysis shows that the strongest driver of romantic interaction at the national level is simple geographic proximity, but at the local level, other demographic factors come into play. We find that dating markets in each city are partitioned into submarkets along lines of age and ethnicity. Sex ratio varies widely between submarkets, with younger submarkets having more men and fewer women than older ones. There is also a noticeable tendency for minorities, especially women, to be younger than the average in older submarkets, and our analysis reveals how this kind of racial stratification arises through the messaging decisions of both men and women. Our study illustrates how network techniques applied to online interactions can reveal the aggregate effects of individual behavior on social structure.
Stand-Level Fuel Reduction Treatments and Fire Behaviour in Canadian Boreal Conifer Forests

Stand-level fuel reduction treatments in the Canadian boreal zone are used predominantly in community protection settings to alter the natural structure of dominant boreal conifer stands such as black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia). The aim of these fuel treatments is to inhibit the development of fast-spreading, high-intensity crown fires that naturally occur in boreal forest ecosystems. We document fuel treatment design standards used in boreal forests in Canada and review data requirements and methodological approaches for investigating fuel treatment effects on fire behaviour. Through a series of illustrative examples and summaries of empirical observations, we explore the implications of data and modelling assumptions used to estimate fire behaviour in fuel-treated areas and identify insights about fuel treatment effectiveness in boreal conifer stands. Fuel treatments in black spruce, jack pine and lodgepole pine stands were generally effective at reducing modelled and observed fire behaviour and inhibiting crown fire development and spread under low to moderate fire weather conditions. Evidence suggests that fuel treatments in these fuel types will be ineffective when rates of spread and wind speeds are very high or extreme. High surface fuel loads combined with the relatively short stature of boreal conifer trees can further undermine fuel treatment efforts. Priority areas for future study include examining alternatives for managing surface fuel loads in treated stands, exploring the viability of alternative horizontal fuel reduction protocols such as clumped fuel configurations, and integrating suppression and containment strategies within the fuel treatment planning and design process.
Simultaneous Readout of Noncommuting Collective Spin Observables beyond the Standard Quantum Limit

We augment the information extractable from a single absorption image of a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate by coupling to initially empty auxiliary hyperfine states. Performing unitary transformations in both, the original and auxiliary hyperfine manifold, enables the simultaneous measurement of multiple spin-1 observables. We apply this scheme to an elongated atomic cloud of Rb to simultaneously read out three orthogonal spin directions and with that directly access the spatial spin structure. The readout even allows the extraction of quantum correlations which we demonstrate by detecting spin nematic squeezing without state tomography.
Spatial Attentive Single-Image Deraining With a High Quality Real Rain Dataset

Removing rain streaks from a single image has been drawing considerable attention as rain streaks can severely degrade the image quality and affect the performance of existing outdoor vision tasks. While recent CNN-based derainers have reported promising performances, deraining remains an open problem for two reasons. First, existing synthesized rain datasets have only limited realism, in terms of modeling real rain characteristics such as rain shape, direction and intensity. Second, there are no public benchmarks for quantitative comparisons on real rain images, which makes the current evaluation less objective. The core challenge is that real world rain/clean image pairs cannot be captured at the same time. In this paper, we address the single image rain removal problem in two ways. First, we propose a semi-automatic method that incorporates temporal priors and human supervision to generate a high-quality clean image from each input sequence of real rain images. Using this method, we construct a large-scale dataset of ∼29.5K rain/rain-free image pairs that covers a wide range of natural rain scenes. Second, to better cover the stochastic distribution of real rain streaks, we propose a novel SPatial Attentive Network (SPANet) to remove rain streaks in a local-to-global manner. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our network performs favorably against the state-of-the-art deraining methods.
The minimal probabilistic and quantum finite automata recognizing uncountably many languages with fixed cutpoints

It is known that 2-state binary and 3-state unary probabilistic finite automata and 2-state unary quantum finite automata recognize uncountably many languages with cutpoints. These results have been obtained by associating each recognized language with a cutpoint and then by using the fact that there are uncountably many cutpoints. In this note, we prove the same results for fixed cutpoints: each recognized language is associated with an automaton (i.e., algorithm), and the proofs use the fact that there are uncountably many automata. For each case, we present a new construction.
Endoscopy for Hecke categories and character sheaves

For a split reductive group $G$ over a finite field, we show that the neutral block of its mixed Hecke category with a fixed monodromy under the torus action is monoidally equivalent to the mixed Hecke category of the corresponding endoscopic group $H$ with trivial monodromy. We also extend this equivalence to all blocks. As an application, we derive a relationship between character sheaves on $G$ with a fixed semisimple parameter and unipotent character sheaves on the endoscopic group $H$, after passing to asymptotic versions.
THE IMPACT OF CHIROPRACTIC MANAGEMENT ON A 15-YEAR-OLD MALE DIAGNOSED WITH POST-CONCUSSION SYNDROME AND WHIPLASH: A CASE REPORT

Objective: To describe the management of a 15-year-old male who suffered a fall and was diagnosed with post-concussion syndrome and whiplash. Clinical Features: A 15-year-old male experienced a frontal impact injury to the head. He sought chiropractic care for the management of neck pain, dizziness and headache 1 week after his injury. Intervention and Outcome: Manual therapy included high-velocity low-amplitude (HVLA) chiropractic spinal manipulation (SMT) and soft-tissue therapy. Cervical stretches were provided. The patient had a total of 10 treatments over a period of 8-weeks. Additional recommendations included nutritional supplementation, increased hydration, referral for acupuncture and monitoring by a concussion clinic. Conclusion: This case study demonstrates improvements in post-concussion symptoms and whiplash in a 15-year-old male following chiropractic care. Further research is required to investigate the effects of chiropractic treatment on post-concussion syndrome.
Cooperation Techniques for a Cellular Internet of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

UAVs are powerful Internet-of-Things components to provide sensing and communications in the air due to their advantages in mobility and flexibility. As aerial users, UAVs are envisioned to support various sensing applications in the next generation cellular systems, which have been studied by the 3GPP. However, the QoS of the cellular link between the UAV and the base station may not be guaranteed when UAVs are at the cell edge or experiencing deep fading. In this article, we first introduce the non-cooperative cellular Internet of UAVs. Then we propose a cooperative sense-andsend protocol, in which a UAV can upload sensory data with the help of a UAV relay, to provide a better communication QoS for the sensing tasks. Key techniques including trajectory design and radio resource management that support the cooperative cellular Internet of UAVs are presented in detail. Finally, the extended cooperative cellular Internet of UAVs is discussed for QoS improvement with some open issues, such as massive multiple- input multiple-output system
Organocatalytic Stereoselective Cyclic Polylactide Synthesis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide under Plasticizing Conditions

Cyclic polylactide (cPLA) is a structural isomer of linear polylactide (PLA) although it possesses unique functionalities in comparison to its linear counterpart. Hitherto, the control of stereochemical purity in conventional cPLA synthesis has not been achieved. In this study, highly stereochemically pure cPLA was synthesized in the absence of a metal catalyst and organic solvent, which required high consumption of the residual monomer. The synthesis was conducted in supercritical carbon dioxide under CO2 plasticizing polymerization conditions in the presence of an organocatalyst and thiourea additives. In comparison with the stereocomplexes synthesized through conventional methods, cPLA from l-lactide (cPLLA) and cPLA from d-lactide (cPDLA) were synthesized with higher stereochemical purity and improved thermal stability. Moreover, the method presented herein is environmentally friendly and thus, applicable on an industrial level.
Analysis of progressive Type‐II censoring in presence of competing risk data under step stress modeling

In this article we consider the analysis of progressively censored competing risks data obtained from a simple step‐stress experiment. It is assumed that there are only two competing causes of failures at each stress level and the lifetime distribution of each one of them is one parameter exponential distribution. Based on the cumulative exposure model assumption, the conditional maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) of the unknown parameters can be obtained in explicit forms. Confidence intervals of the unknown parameters based on the exact distributions of the conditional MLEs and percentile bootstrap method, are constructed. Further we obtain Bayes estimates and the associated credible intervals based on a very flexible Beta‐gamma prior on the unknown parameters. A simulation experiment has been performed to observe the performances of the different estimators.
Copolyesters Based on 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid (FDCA): Effect of 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,3-Cyclobutanediol Units on Their Properties

Bio-based polyesters derived from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), including poly (ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF), poly(propylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PPF), and poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBF) have been synthesized and modified with 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (CBDO). Copolyesters with increased glass transition temperature, good barrier and better mechanical properties, as well as higher transparency were reported in this work. The chemical structures, composition, and sequence distribution of the copolyesters were determined by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The degree of random (R) was close to 1 for all the copolyesters, indicating their random chemical structures. With the introduction of 10% CBDO units, the semi-crystalline PEF and PPF were changed into completely amorphous polyesters and the higher transparency was easily achieved. The glass transition temperature was increased from 87 °C for PEF to 91.1 °C for PETF-18, from 55.5 °C for PPF to 63.5 °C for PPTF-18, and from 39.0 °C for PBF to 43.5 °C for PBTF-18. The barrier properties investigation demonstrated that although the O2 and CO2 barrier of PEF/PPF/PBF were decreased by the addition of CBDO units, the modified copolyesters still showed good barrier properties.
Optimizing Circulating Tumor Cells’ Capture Efficiency of Magnetic Nanogels by Transferrin Decoration

Magnetic nanogels (MNGs) are designed to have all the required features for their use as highly efficient trapping materials in the challenging task of selectively capturing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the bloodstream. Advantageously, the discrimination of CTCs from hematological cells, which is a key factor in the capturing process, can be optimized by finely tuning the polymers used to link the targeting moiety to the MNG. We describe herein the relationship between the capturing efficiency of CTCs with overexpressed transferrin receptors and the different strategies on the polymer used as linker to decorate these MNGs with transferrin (Tf). Heterobifunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkers with different molecular weights were coupled to Tf in different ratios. Optimal values over 80% CTC capture efficiency were obtained when 3 PEG linkers with a length of 8 ethylene glycol (EG) units were used, which reveals the important role of the linker in the design of a CTC-sorting system.
To Screen or not to Screen: Criterion-Related Validity of Math and Reading Curriculum-Based Measurement in Relation to High-Stakes Math Scores

This study analyzed the relationship between benchmark scores from the newly published Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills Math (i.e., Acadience™) math probes and student performance on math and reading sections of a state-mandated high-stakes test. Participants were 420 students enrolled in third, fourth, and fifth grades in a rural southeastern school district. Specific to this study was the calculation of the predictive validity of benchmark scores obtained in the spring from curriculum-based measurement probes measuring math computation, math application skills, and reading ability. Results of the study suggest that math application probes have strong predictive validity. The study also provides evidence that even at early grades the skill of reading is associated with performance on a high-stakes math test. The study provides some evidence that calculation skills are needed, but do not account for as much of the variance as reading ability does in grades as low as third grade. Implications for practice are discussed as it relates to multiple gating screening procedures at the elementary level.
Nanomechanics and Nanorheology of Microgels at Interfaces

The review addresses nanomechanics and nanorheology of stimuli responsive microgels adsorbed at an interface. In order to measure the mechanical properties on a local scale, an atomic force microscope is used. The tip presents an indenter with a radius of curvature of a few 10 s of nm. Static indentation experiments and dynamic studies with an excited cantilever are presented. The effect of several internal and external parameters on the mechanical properties is reviewed. The focus is on the correlation between the swelling abilities of the gels and their mechanical properties. Several results are surprising and show that the relationship is not as simple as one might expect.
Synthesis and Study of Zinc Orotate and Its Synergistic Effect with Commercial Stabilizers for Stabilizing Poly(Vinyl Chloride)

Zinc orotate (ZnOr2), which is a new kind of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) stabilizer, is prepared in this work through the precipitation method, and its impact on the thermal stability of PVC is measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Congo red test, and discoloration test. The results exhibit that the thermal stability of PVC is positively enhanced after the addition of ZnOr2. In contrast with a commercial thermal stabilizer, zinc stearate (ZnSt2), a noteworthy improvement was observed that ZnOr2 could postpone the “zinc burning” of PVC. This is principally ascribed to the Or anion in the structure of ZnOr2 being able to absorb the HCl released by PVC, and to supersede unstable chlorine atoms in the structure of PVC. In addition, blending ZnOr2 with calcium stearate (CaSt2) in diverse mass ratios can significantly accelerate the thermal stability of PVC. Optimum performance was achieved with a CaSt2:ZnOr2 ratio of 1.8:1.2. Moreover, an outstanding synergistic effect can be observed when CaSt2/ZnOr2 is coupled with other commercial auxiliary stabilizers. The initial color and long-term stability of PVC including CaSt2/ZnOr2 is significantly increased when pentaerythritol (PER) is added, while dibenzoylmethane (DBM) can only improve its long-term thermal stability.