Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
P2X7 on mast cells participates in peripheral pain and serves as a potential target for salicylic acid and aspirin analgesia

Background Extracellular ATP signaling through excitatory and calcium-permeable P2X receptor channels is considered as a critical player in pain generation and maintenance. P2X7 has attracted much attention over the past decade because of its prominent role in driving inflammatory processes. The role of P2X7 in mast cells in peripheral pain remains unclear.Methods P2X expression in mouse peritoneal mast cells was detected by RT-PCR. The subtypes of P2X receptors in mouse peritoneal mast cells were determined with a series of blockers by using calcium imaging and electrophysiology. The regulation of inflammatory factors mediated by different P2X subtypes were detected by ELISA and real-time PCR. The role of mast cells and P2X7 receptor in peripheral pain was explored by behavioral assays, pathological analysis and real-time PCR. Several anti-inflammatory small molecules were screened based on P2X7 in mast cells by using calcium imaging, electrophysiology and molecular docking.Results We found that ATP was significantly increased in inflammatory pain. Mouse peritoneal mast cells expressed P2X1, P2X3, P2X4 and P2X7 and could be activated by different concentrations of extracellular ATP, which could be blocked by specific ion channel antagonists. In particularly, high concentration of ATP could induce mast cells to release inflammatory mediators such as histamine, IL-1β and CCL3 through P2X7 receptor. Furthermore, peripheral pain induced by high concentration of ATP could be alleviated by P2X7 blockers or mast cell defects. Interestingly, salicylic acid and aspirin could attenuate the inward current, the release of inflammatory factors and peripheral pain induced by ATP with high concentration. Furthermore, salicylic acid and aspirin also inhibited the inward current evoked by P2X7 agonist BZATP. Molecular docking results showed that salicylic acid and aspirin had affinity to the cytoplasmic GDP-binding region of P2X7.Conclusions We concluded that P2X7 on mast cells involved in peripheral pain. Salicylic acid and aspirin could inhibit the activity of P2X7 via interacting with the GDP binding region. P2X7 receptor was a potential target for salicylic acid and aspirin analgesia.
Design and Characterization of Combinational Domperidone-Famotidine Floating Drug Delivery System - In vitro and In vivo studies

Introduction: The drawbacks assosiated with oral administration of drugscan be controlled or minimized by gastro retentive formulations that remain buoyant within the stomach for an extended time by providing prolonged gastric retention and releasethe drug in an exceedingly extended manner thereby improving bioavailability. The current research was to develop and optimize Domperidone and Famotidine floating tablets with extended release by Quality by Design approach. Method: Based on QTPP (Quality Target Product Profile), CQAs (Critical Quality Attributes)wereidentified. Risk analysis by the evaluation of formulation and process parameters showed that optimizing the levels of polymers could reduce high risk to achieve the target profile. A 23factor experimental design with midpoints was selected for statistical analysis and optimization. Results: HPMC K100 and Carbopol 934P had a positive effect while ethyl cellulose demonstrated a negative effect on the selected responses. Drug release kinetics followed the first-order release with Higuchi diffusion and Fickian diffusion. Optimized formula satisfying all the required parameters was selected and evaluated. The predicted response values were in close agreement with experimental response values. Abdominal X-ray imaging after oral administration of the tablets on a healthy rabbit’s stomach confirmed the extended floating behavior with shorter lag time. In vivo, pharmacokinetic studies in rabbits revealed that the optimized formulation exhibited prolonged drug release with enhanced Cmax, tmax, AUCo-t, and t1/2 of an optimized product when compared to the marketed product. Conclusions: It has been concluded that the application of Quality by Design in the formulation and optimization reduced the number of trials to produce a cost-effective formula.
Structure of polymer-capped gold nanorods binding to model phospholipid monolayers

We report an experimental study of the structure of polymer-capped gold nanorods (AuNRs) binding to model phospholipid monolayers to elucidate the mechanism that drives the insertion of the AuNRs into phospholipid membranes. The experimental system consists of four different cases of AuNRs interacting with lipid monolayers: cationic and anionic polymer-capped AuNRs suspended in the pure water subphase of Langmuir monolayers of zwitterionic and anionic phospholipids, separately. Liquid surface x-ray reflectivity was used to measure in situ the structure of the lipids and AuNRs at the air-water interface with sub-nanometer resolution, yielding quantitatively the amount, orientation, as well as depth of AuNR insertion into the monolayer. In the case of a zwitterionic monolayer composed of 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, cationic Poly-diallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDC) capped AuNRs (PDC-AuNRs) adsorbed peripherally at the water-lipid interface whereas the anionic Poly-sodium 4-styrenesulfonate (PSS) capped AuNRs (PSS-AuNRs) penetrated deeply into the lipid monolayer. In the case of an anionic monolayer composed of 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (SOPG), PDC-AuNRs inserted into the monolayer whereas PSS-AuNRs were not even attracted to the monolayer. The results suggest that the adsorption process of AuNRs to model membranes may proceed through different mechanisms. In the presence of a charged membrane, electrostatic interactions drove the AuNRs to or away from the membrane depending on the nature of the charge of the lipid film and the AuNRs, while in the presence of a zwitterionic membrane, both electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic interactions mediated the insertion of the AuNRs into the membrane.
OA-CapsNet: A One-Stage Anchor-Free Capsule Network for Geospatial Object Detection from Remote Sensing Imagery

Abstract Object detection from remote sensing images serves as an important prerequisite to many applications. However, caused by scale and orientation variations, appearance and distribution diversities, occlusion and shadow contaminations, and complex environmental scenarios of the objects in remote sensing images, it brings great challenges to realize highly accurate recognition of geospatial objects. This paper proposes a novel one-stage anchor-free capsule network (OA-CapsNet) for detecting geospatial objects from remote sensing images. By employing a capsule feature pyramid network architecture as the backbone, a pyramid of high-quality, semantically strong feature representations are generated at multiple scales for object detection. Integrated with two types of capsule feature attention modules, the feature quality is further enhanced by emphasizing channel-wise informative features and class-specific spatial features. By designing a centreness-assisted one-stage anchor-free object detection strategy, the proposed OA-CapsNet performs effectively in recognizing arbitrarily-orientated and diverse-scale geospatial objects. Quantitative evaluations on two large remote sensing datasets show that a competitive overall accuracy with a precision, a recall, and an F score of 0.9625, 0.9228, and 0.9423, respectively, is achieved. Comparative studies also confirm the feasibility and superiority of the proposed OA-CapsNet in geospatial object detection tasks.
THE ORIGIN AND QUALITY OF THE GROUNDWATER OF THE RAWADANAU BASIN IN SERANG BANTEN, INDONESIA

Rawadanau is a tropical mountain swamp located in Serang, Banten, Indonesia. Rawadanau groundwater is the main source of supply for the Cilegon Banten industrial area. Knowing the origin and quality of the groundwater can help preserve existing resources. This paper aims to clarify the origin of Rawadanau groundwater with new evidence of stable isotopes (18O and 2H) and hydrochemical data. Field measurements included pH, temperature, EC, HCO3ˉ, while the analyses of cations, anions and stable isotopes were carried out in the laboratory. The existing water supplies include springs, excavated wells, and river water. Cluster hierarchy analysis based on water chemistry and stable isotopes can be grouped into two clusters, cluster K (K1 and K2) and cluster L. Data δ18O and δ2H springs in Rawadanau indicate that they are of meteoric origin and that there has been evaporation from several springs. Water comes from meteoric water with a stable isotope content of δ18O between -6.39 to -4.82 ‰ and δ2H between -41.35 to -31.30 ‰, which are controlled by two main mechanisms, namely rock dissolution and evaporation dominance. Aquifers are composed of volcanic rocks with a dominant composition of porphyritic andesite, basaltic andesite, and andesite. According to the multivariate statistical analyses results other than pH and SO4 2-, all parameters (cations and anions) showed a significant correlation. There are four hydrochemical facies of groundwater, namely Ca-HCO3, Ca-Mg-HCO3, Mg-Ca-HCO3, and Na-Cl.
Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth and Nutrient Uptake by Young Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)

Sustainable cacao cultivation in Ghana has been seriously hampered by high seedling mortality due to the low soil fertility of lands used for the establishment of new cacao farms. Alleviating the low soil fertility to enhance sustainable cacao cultivation requires the use of fertilizers. A study was therefore conducted at the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana to determine the effect of integrated application of poultry manure (PM) and sulphate of ammonia (SOA) fertilizers on survival, growth, and nutrient uptake by cacao seedlings under marginal field conditions. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used to evaluate the effects of six treatments. Traits assessed were percentage survival, height, trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), and nutrient uptake. Results from the study showed no significant differences in soil N and K among the treatments. PM-amended plots had significantly higher soil P than nonamended control and SOA alone. Seedling survival rate ranged from 73.3 to 89.3% with a higher proportion of surviving plants in PM amended soils. The application of PM alone and its combination with SOA improved growth. Cacao trees of T4 (75% recommended dosage of SOA + PM) had the largest TCSA increment, which was significantly different from the other soil treatments. Leaf nutrient concentrations in cacao of T4 were higher than the other soil treatments. It was therefore concluded that T4 could be used during cacao establishment in marginal areas for improved plant survival and growth.
Control of electron velocity distributions at the wafer by tailored voltage waveforms in capacitively coupled plasmas to compensate surface charging in high-aspect ratio etch features

Low pressure single- or dual-frequency capacitively coupled radio frequency (RF) plasmas are frequently used for high-aspect ratio (HAR) dielectric etching due to their capability to generate vertical ion bombardment of the wafer at high energies. Electrons typically reach the wafer at low energies and with a wide angular distribution during the local sheath collapse. Thus, in contrast to positive ions, electrons cannot propagate deeply into HAR etch features and the bottom as well as the sidewalls of such trenches can charge up positively, while the mask charges negatively. This causes etch stops and distortion of profile shapes. Here, we investigate low pressure, high voltage capacitively coupled RF argon gas discharges by Particle-In-Cell/Monte Carlo collisions simulations and demonstrate that this problem can be solved by Voltage Waveform Tailoring, i.e. the velocity and angular distribution of electrons impacting on the electrodes can be tuned towards high velocities and small angles to the surface-normal, while keeping the energies of the impacting ions high. The applied voltage waveforms consist of a base frequency of 400 kHz with 10 kV amplitude and a series of higher harmonics. A high frequency component at 40 or 60 MHz is used additionally. Square voltage waveforms with different rise-times are examined as well. We show that high fluxes of electrons towards the wafer at normal velocities of up to 2.2 × 107 m s−1 (corresponding to 1.4 keV energy) can be realized.
Local–global buckling of cylindrical shells with wall thinning defects

Abstract The influence of local thinning thickness defects on the buckling of cylindrical shells is investigated. A static buckling model of cylindrical shells with defects is established based on the Hamiltonian system. The complete symplectic eigensolutions of the cylindrical shell are superimposed to derive the buckling modes of the cylindrical shell with defects. A total of seven different cylindrical shells with axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric defects are considered. Local buckling modes can be captured by this new analytical model with symplectic methodology. By constraining the defect volume, the influence of different defect shapes on buckling of the cylindrical shell is investigated. Comparing with step defects and parabolic defects, the analysis concludes that defects of exponential function are more harmful to buckling of cylindrical shells. Highlights This article establishes a cylindrical shell model with arbitrary thickness changes under the Hamiltonian system and evaluates the buckling characteristics of cylindrical shells with thickness defects. A new symplectic approach is developed where the symplectic eigensolutions of the complete cylindrical shell are superimposed to obtain the corresponding buckling modes. Local buckling modes can be captured by this new analytical model. The occurrence of local buckling often drives a significant decrease in critical buckling load. The effects of defect parameters including location, depth, and shape on structure buckling are determined and analyzed. Graphical Abstract
Energy Efficient MAC with Variable Duty Cycle for Wireless Sensor Networks

ABSTRACT WSN consists of many sensors, they need high throughput and network lifetime to get involved in communication. Duty Cycle is a key factor in sensor nodes to maintain sleep, active condition in the presence of overhearing, collisions of packets while data transmission between sensor nodes. The key challenge of sensor nodes is to attain high energy efficiency, throughput and low End-End Delay. This paper presents several of existing approaches for MAC protocol. They are (1) Synchronization between nodes (2) Mathematical Analysis (3) TDMA based MAC and (4) Cross-Layer Design. We proposed a new method for MAC protocol with variable duty cycle. Neighboring nodes follow same duty cycle and same active time. Far away nodes doesn’t maintain same duty cycle, hence their active time is not same. The duty cycle is maintained in synchronous way and adaptive manner among the nodes within the network. In this paper, a conventional MAC and proposed MAC are simulated using NS-2.35. Variable duty cycle approach in the proposed MAC with sleep and idle states for the nodes yields better throughput and energy efficiency with respect to other conventional technique. These results validate that the proposed variable DC-MAC is feasible for Wireless Sensor Network applications.
Gay Male Football Fans’ Experiences: Authenticity, Belonging and Conditional Acceptance

The relationship between English football and homosexuality has changed significantly in recent years. However, research examining this area of study has predominantly focused on the attitudes of ostensibly heterosexual men. By drawing on semi-structured interviews with 35 ‘out’ gay male fans, this article is the first to focus explicitly on LGBT fans’ sense of place in English football. Contrary to previous research, these gay male fans represent ‘authentic’ notions of fandom through their passion for football and respective clubs. The recent emergence of LGBT Fan Groups has provided sexual minority fans increased visibility, and a sense of belonging and community. Finally, despite ongoing concerns about football stadia’s hypermasculine and heteronormative environment, these fans believe that they have become an increasingly inclusive space. Accordingly, this article demonstrates that sexual minority fans are central to English football and argues that future research must acknowledge their increased prevalence.
Next Generation Sequence-based Technologies for Analyzing DNA Strand Breaks

Summary Genomic DNA is constantly exposed to various types of exogenous and endogenous stimulants that induce DNA lesions, including single-strand breaks (SSBs) and double-strand breaks (DSBs). Unrepaired DNA damages eventually cause adverse eﬀects on a wide range of cellular and physiological processes; therefore, it is of great interest to map the damaged and repaired DNA to elucidate the damage distribution on a genome-wide scale. In the past decade, several sequence-based approaches for detection and quantiﬁcation of such modiﬁed DNA have been established via technological innovation in sequencing analysis, which have expanded our understanding of DNA damage and repair. This review provides an overview of next-generation sequence-based methods for damaged DNA analysis with a focus on DNA strand breaks, SSBs, and DSBs.
The interplay between financial rules, trust and power in strategic partnerships in the construction industry

PurposeTo explore how and why the social structures of strategic partnerships are shaped by actors and how these interrelate with a team's interpersonal relationships over time. Grasping the complexity of this interplay is essential if we want to comprehend what actually goes on in these partnerships and understand why actors often disengage from them.Design/methodology/approachIn three cases, 14 in-depth interviews were held with knowledgeable actors about important events and activities that influenced the relationships between partners. Interview data were triangulated with journals kept by the lead author, who participated as an engaged scholar in the three cases. Because this study took an interdisciplinary approach, new insights could evolve from the multi-level analysis.FindingsTrust has a moderating effect on the relation between open-book accounting and the degree of control a dominant party wants to exercise. When the level of control is raised, this can signal distrust to the other partners, which can harm the relationship. When partners feel more dependent on each other's capabilities to reach their long-term goals, the parties seem to be less likely to put the blame on one of the partners in the case of undesirable events.Practical implicationsManagers should be aware of their power position and acknowledge the effects of power on their relationships. If long-term and close collaboration does not emerge in their partnership, it may be due to how they use their power position.Originality/valueThanks to the interdisciplinary approach, this is the first study that shows the significance of trust and power in maintaining strategic partnerships in the construction industry, and how trust can affect the financial rules of actors.
Controlled Release of Zinc from Soy Protein-Based Matrices to Plants

Controlled release systems are increasing their presence on the market. However, their use is not generating a great impact on horticultural production, mainly due to their price, which makes crop production more expensive. This work proposes a cheaper alternative for the manufacture of these devices. Thus, an agri-food byproduct (soy protein isolate) and a thermomechanical processing were used to create devices (matrices) that can compete in price with the use of conventional fertilizers (0.50–2.00 €/kg). First, different processing methods were evaluated to obtain the matrix with the most optimal mechanical, functional (zinc and water retention/release, biodegradability) and morphological (zinc distribution) properties for the supply of zinc (micronutrient). This was achieved by incorporating an ethanol immersion step into the processing to remove the plasticizer before its use in horticulture. Finally, the efficiency of these matrices was verified in crops (lettuce and peppers), improving up to 60% the assimilation of zinc by plants that conventional fertilization achieves. In addition, these matrices allow a 33% reduction in the water used during cultivation. This work has opened a new possibility of creating more efficient devices for the incorporation of fertilizers into crops, also having an affordable price for industrial use.
Estimating model of sedentary behavior with tri-axial accelerometer in elementary school children

Several recent studies reported that a lack of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in combination with a high degree of sedentary behavior (SB) is associated with health problems including overweight and obesity in children, as well as psychosocial stress. Therefore, it is important that methods are developed to objectively evaluate both MVPA and SB. The aim of this study was to redevelop the existing equation for estimating SB to improve its accuracy. Healthy boys (n = 42) and girls (n = 26) attending primary school were invited to participate in this study. Participants were asked to perform 2 SB tasks, which were desk work and Nintendo DS, 2 light intensity activities such as sweeping up and clearing away, and higher intensity activities such as sweeping up and throwing a ball, with a few minutes of recovery time between tasks. The tasks and activities were performed in order of PA intensity (lower to higher). All participants wore a triaxial accelerometer on their waist. In addition, they wore a facemask connected to a Douglas bag to gather respiratory gas samples while performing each activity. First, we proposed the two linear regression equations (TL), including an equation for SB, and another equation for light or higher intensity activities with a fixed intercept of 0.9. Moreover, we redeveloped a quadratic polynomial (QP) equation that takes into account all activities. Both models were demonstrated to improve the accuracy of estimations of PA (about 0.2 to 0.3 METs), including SB (about 1.0 METs) other than sweeping up and wiping floor, compared to the existing model.