Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flow diversion treatment of complex bifurcation aneurysms beyond the circle of Willis: complications, aneurysm sac occlusion, reabsorption, recurrence, and jailed branch modification at follow-up.

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study is to present the authors' medium-term results, with special emphasis on complications, occlusion rate of the aneurysm sac (digital subtraction angiography [DSA] and MRI), and the fate of cortical branches and perforating arteries covered ("jailed") by the flow diverter (FD) stent.METHODSBetween January 2010 and September 2017, 29 patients (14 female) with 30 aneurysms were treated with an FD stent. Twenty-one aneurysms were at the middle cerebral artery bifurcation, 8 were in the anterior communicating artery region, and 1 was a pericallosal artery bifurcation. Thirty-five cortical branches were covered. A single FD stent was used in all patients. Symptomatic and asymptomatic periprocedural and delayed complications were reported. DSA and MRI controls were analyzed to evaluate modification of the aneurysm sac and jailed branches.RESULTSPermanent morbidity was 3.4% (1/29), due to a jailed branch occlusion, with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 2 at the last follow-up. Mortality and permanent complication with poor prognosis (mRS score > 2) rates were 0%. The mean follow-up time for DSA and MRI (mean ± SD) was 21 ± 14.5 months (range 3-66 months) and 19 ± 16 months (range 3-41 months), respectively. The mean time to aneurysm sac occlusion (available for 24 patients), including stable remodeling, was 11.8 ± 6 months (median 13, range 3-27 months). The overall occlusion rate was 82.1% (23/28), and it was 91.7% (22/24) in the group of patients with at least 2 DSA control sequences. One recanalization occurred at 41 months posttreatment. At the time of publication, at the latest follow-up, 7 (20%) of 35 covered branches were occluded, 18 (51.4%) showed a decreased caliber, and the remaining 10 (28.5%) were unchanged. MRI T2-weighted sequences showed complete sac reabsorption in 7/29 aneurysms (24.1%), and the remaining lesions were either smaller (55.2%) or unchanged (17.2%). MRI revealed asymptomatic and symptomatic ischemic events in perforator territories in 7/28 (25%) and 4/28 (14.3%) patients, respectively, which were reversible within 24 hours.CONCLUSIONSFlow diversion of bifurcation aneurysms is feasible, with low rates of permanent morbidity and mortality and high occlusion rates; however, recurrence may occur. Caliber reduction and asymptomatic occlusion of covered cortical branches as well as silent perforator stroke are common. Ischemic complications may occur with no identified predictable factors. MRI controls should be required in all patients to evaluate silent ischemic lesions and aneurysm sac reabsorption over time.
The Set-Based Hypervolume Newton Method for Bi-Objective Optimization

In this paper, we propagate the use of a set-based Newton method that enables computing a finite size approximation of the Pareto front (PF) of a given twice continuously differentiable bi-objective optimization problem (BOP). To this end, we first derive analytically the Hessian matrix of the hypervolume indicator, a widely used performance indicator for PF approximation sets. Based on this, we propose the hypervolume Newton method (HNM) for hypervolume maximization of a given set of candidate solutions. We first address unconstrained BOPs and focus further on first attempts for the treatment of inequality constrained problems. The resulting method may even converge quadratically to the optimal solution, however, this property is—as for all Newton methods—of local nature. We hence propose as a next step a hybrid of HNM and an evolutionary strategy in order to obtain a fast and reliable algorithm for the treatment of such problems. The strengths of both HNM and hybrid are tested on several benchmark problems and comparisons of the hybrid to state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithms for hypervolume maximization are presented.
Decrement in resting and insulin‐stimulated soleus muscle mitochondrial respiration is an early event in diet‐induced obesity in mice

What is the central question of this study? What are the temporal responses of mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial responsivity to insulin in soleus muscle fibres from mice during the development of obesity and insulin resistance? What is the main finding and its importance? Short‐ and long‐term feeding with a high‐fat diet markedly reduced soleus mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial responsivity to insulin before any change in glycogen synthesis. Muscle glycogen synthesis and whole‐body insulin resistance were present after 14 and 28 days, respectively. Our findings highlight the plasticity of mitochondria during the development of obesity and insulin resistance.
Chemokine Expression in Murine RPE/Choroid in Response to Systemic Viral Infection and Elevated Levels of Circulating Interferon-γ.

Purpose To examine how circulating immune mediators in vivo may affect gene and protein expression at the RPE/choroid interface. Methods Young mice were systemically infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) or continuously infused with IFN-γ. RPE/choroid was isolated and analyzed with whole-transcriptome gene expression microarrays. Selected gene expression findings were validated at the protein level. Results Both the systemic immune activation from virus infection and the sterile systemically increased level of IFN-γ resulted in increased expression of chemokine ligands, chemokine receptors, and early complement components in isolates of RPE/choroid. These findings were largely absent from LCMV-infected mice deficient in either the interferon α/β receptor or IFN-γ. Conclusions Together, these findings demonstrate that acute systemic immune activation results in a local response at the RPE/choroid interface that may include chemokine-dependent recruitment of inflammatory cells and engagement of the complement system. This may represent a link between the systemic low-grade inflammation and the retinal pathology observed in several multifactorial entities such as aging, AMD, and diabetes.
Relationship between BMI and adiposity among different ethnic groups in two-year-old New Zealand children.

Age- and sex-based BMI cut-offs are used to define overweight and obesity, but the relationship between BMI and body composition has not been very well studied in children or compared between children of different ethnic groups. Body size and composition in childhood are also influenced by size at birth. Our aim was to compare body size and composition at 2 years in children with different ethnicity and size at birth. We prospectively followed a multi-ethnic cohort of 300 children born with risk factors for neonatal hypoglycaemia (infants of diabetics, large or small at birth or late preterm) to 2 years corrected age. Complete data on weight, height and head circumference and body composition using bioelectrical impedance 24±1 months corrected age were available in 209 children. At birth, compared with European children, Chinese, Indian and other ethnicity children were lighter, and Indian children had smaller head circumferences, but birth lengths were similar in all ethnic groups. At 2 years, Pacific children were heavier and had higher BMI z scores, and Indian children had smaller head circumferences and lower BMI z scores than those from other ethnic groups. However, fat mass and fat-free mass indices were similar in all groups. At median BMI, fat mass:fat-free mass ratio was 23 % lower in Pacific than in Indian children (0·22 v. 0·27, P=0·03). BMI is not a good indicator of adiposity in this multi-ethnic cohort of 2-year-old New Zealand children.
Voltage-Tunable Mid- and Long-Wavelength Dual-Band Infrared Photodetector Based on Hybrid Self-Assembled and Sub-Monolayer Quantum Dots

In this paper, we report a mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) dual-band photodetector capable of voltage-controllable detection band selection. The voltage-tunable dual-band photodetector is based on the multiple stacks of sub-monolayer (SML) quantum dots (QDs) and self-assembled QDs. By changing the photodetector bias voltages, one can set the detection band to be MWIR, or LWIR or both with high photodetectivity and low crosstalk between the bands.
Analysis of Interventionalists’ Natural Behaviors for Recognizing Motion Patterns of Endovascular Tools During Percutaneous Coronary Interventions

Many robotic platforms can indeed reduce radiation exposure to clinicians during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), however, interventionalists’ natural manipulations are rarely involved in robot-assisted PCI. This requires more attention to analyze interventionalists’ natural behaviors during conventional PCI. In this study, four types of natural behavior (i.e., muscle activity, hand motion, proximal force, and finger motion) were synchronously acquired from ten subjects while performing six typical types of guidewire manipulation. These behaviors are evaluated by a hidden Markov model (HMM) based analysis framework for relevant behavior selection. Relevant behaviors are further used as the input of two HMM-based classification frameworks to recognize guidewire motion patterns. Experimental results show that under the basic classification framework (BCF), 91.01% and 93.32% recognition accuracies can be achieved by using all behaviors and relevant behaviors, respectively. Furthermore, the hierarchical classification framework can significantly enhance the recognition ability of relevant behaviors with an accuracy of 96.39%. These promising results demonstrate great potential of proposed methods for promoting the future design of human-robot interfaces in robot-assisted PCI.
Sleep well. Untangling the role of melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors in sleep

The pharmacological potential of targeting selectively melatonin MT1 or MT2 receptors has not yet been exploited in medicine. Research using selective MT1/MT2 receptor ligands and MT1/MT2 receptor knockout mice has indicated that the activation of MT2 receptors selectively increases non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep whereas MT1 receptors seem mostly implicated in the regulation of REM sleep. Moreover, MT1 knockout mice show an increase in NREM sleep, while MT2 knockout a decrease, suggesting an opposite role of these two receptors. A recent paper in mice by Sharma et al (J Pineal Res, 2018, e12498) found that MT1 but not MT2 receptors are expressed on orexin neurons in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus (PFH). Moreover, after injecting melatonin or luzindole into the mouse PFH, the authors suggest that melatonin promotes NREM sleep because activates PFH MT1 receptors, which in turn inhibit orexin neurons that are important in promoting arousal and maintaining wakefulness. In this commentary, we have critically commented on some of these findings on the bases of previous literature. In addition, we highlighted the fact that no conclusions could be drawn on the melatonin receptor subtype mediating the effects of melatonin on sleep because the authors used the non‐selective MT1/MT2 receptors antagonist luzindole. More solid research should further characterize the pharmacological function of these two melatonin receptors in sleep.
Highly sensitive two-dimensional MoS2 gas sensor decorated with Pt nanoparticles

A two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-based gas sensor was decorated with Pt nanoparticles (NPs) for high sensitivity and low limit of detection (LOD) for specific gases (NH3 and H2S). The two-dimensional MoS2 film was grown at 400°C using metal organic gas vapour deposition. To fabricate the MoS2 gas sensor, an interdigitated Au/Ti electrode was deposited using the electron beam (e-beam) evaporation method with a stencil mask. The MoS2 gas sensor without metal decoration sensitively detects NH3 and H2S gas down to 2.5 and 30 ppm, respectively, at room temperature (RT). However, for improved detection of NH3 and H2S gas, we investigated the functionalization strategy using metal decoration. Pt NP decoration modulated the electronic properties of MoS2, significantly improving the sensitivity of NH3 and H2S gas by 5.58× and 4.25×, respectively, compared with the undecorated MoS2 gas sensor under concentrations of 70 ppm. Furthermore, the Pt NP-decorated MoS2 sensor had lower LODs for NH3 and H2S gas of 130 ppb and 5 ppm, respectively, at RT.
Quantitative Measures of Physical Risk Factors Associated with Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Elbow: A Systematic Review

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders at the elbow are a common health problem, which highly impacts workers’ well-being and performance. Besides existing qualitative information, there is a clear lack of quantitative information of physical risk factors associated with specific disorders at the elbow (SDEs). Objective: To provide evidence-based quantitative measures of physical risk factors associated with SDEs. Methods: Studies were searched from 2007 to 2017 in Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Work. The identified risk factors were grouped in main- and sub-categories of exposure using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework for rating evidence. Results: 133 different risk-factor specifications were identified in 10/524 articles and were grouped into 5 main- and 16 sub-categories of exposure. The risk factors were significantly associated with lateral epicondylitis, medial epicondylitis, or ulnar neuropathy. Significant risk factors such as wrist angular velocity (5°/s, with increasing prevalence ratio of 0.10%/(°/s), or forearm supination (≥45° and ≥5% of time combined with forceful lifting) were found. Conclusions: This review delivers a categorization of work-related physical risk-factor specifications for SDEs with a special focus on quantitative measures, ranked for evidence. These results may build the base for developing risk assessment methods and prospective preventive measures.
ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2022: Management of children and adolescents with diabetes requiring surgery

Department for Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Liebigstrasse 20 Leipzig; Children's Hospital Am Nicolausholz, Bad Kösen, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Department of Paediatrics, Sandwell and West Birmingham, NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK University of Washington Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pediatric Anesthesia, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Institute, Shamir (Assaf Haroffeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Children's Hospital Ireland Crumlin Dublin, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
Efficacy of psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa and binge‐eating disorder on self‐esteem improvement: Meta‐analysis

OBJECTIVES This meta-analysis examined the effects of psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge-eating disorder (BED) on self-esteem improvement. METHOD Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of psychological treatments that assessed self-esteem change in eating disorders were included. Thirty-four RCTs were included; most sampled BED and then BN. Hedge's g effects were entered into random effects models. RESULTS Psychotherapy for BN led to significantly greater post-treatment improvements in self-esteem than control conditions (g = 0.45; 95% CI [0.17, 0.73]). This effect was smaller when only analysing low risk of bias trials (g = 0.28; 95% CI [0.05, 0.51]). Psychotherapy for BED also led to significantly greater post-treatment improvements in self-esteem than controls (g = 0.20; 95% CI [0.05, 0.35]), with some evidence that guided self-help was associated with the largest effects. This effect, however, was overestimated after adjustment for publication bias (g = 0.10; 95% CI [-0.05, 0.26]). There was no evidence that cognitive-behavioural therapy was superior to non-cognitive-behavioural therapy interventions in improving self-esteem. There was no relationship between symptom improvement and self-esteem improvement in a meta-regression. CONCLUSIONS Psychotherapy may lead to small improvements in self-esteem in BN and BED. Additional RCTs with follow-up assessments are required to make more definitive conclusions about the effects of psychotherapy for eating disorders on self-esteem in the long-term.
Duration-Dependent Effects of Passive Static Stretching on Musculotendinous Stiffness and Maximal and Rapid Torque and Surface Electromyography Characteristics of the Hamstrings

Abstract Palmer, TB, Pineda, JG, Cruz, MR, and Agu-Udemba, CC. Duration-dependent effects of passive static stretching on musculotendinous stiffness and maximal and rapid torque and surface electromyography characteristics of the hamstrings. J Strength Cond Res 33(3): 717–726, 2019—This study aimed to examine the effects of stretching duration on passive musculotendinous stiffness and maximal and rapid torque and surface electromyography (EMG) characteristics of the hamstrings. Thirteen young females (age = 21 ± 2 years) underwent 2 passive straight-leg raise (SLR) assessments and 2 isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) of the hamstrings before and after 4 randomized conditions that included a control treatment and 3 experimental treatments of passive static stretching for 30-, 60-, and 120-second durations. Passive stiffness was calculated during each SLR as the slope of the final 10% of the angle-torque curve. Isometric peak torque (PT), rate of torque development (RTD), peak EMG amplitude (PEMG), and rate of EMG rise (RER) were extracted from each MVC. Results indicated that PT and PEMG were not affected (p = 0.993 and 0.422, respectively) by any of the experimental treatments. Rate of torque development and RER decreased from pre- to post-treatment for 120 seconds (p = 0.001 and 0.001) but not for the control (p = 0.616 and 0.466), 30- (p = 0.628 and 0.612), and 60-second (p = 0.396 and 0.815) interventions. The slope coefficient decreased from pre- to post-treatment for the 30- (p = 0.001), 60- (p = 0.002), and 120-second (p = 0.001) stretching interventions but not for the control (p = 0.649). Given the significant stiffness reductions and lack of changes in PT and RTD for the 30- and 60-second interventions, it may be advantageous for practitioners who are using hamstring passive stretching as part of a warm-up routine, to perform such stretching on their clients for short (30–60 seconds) rather than moderate (120-second) stretching durations.
Dietary Phytochemicals, Honey Bee Longevity and Pathogen Tolerance

Continued loss of natural habitats with native prairies and wildflower patches is eliminating diverse sources of pollen, nectar and phytochemicals therein for foraging bees. The longstanding plant-pollinator mutualism reiterates the role of phytochemicals in sustaining plant-pollinator relationship and promoting honey bee health. We studied the effects of four phytochemicals—caffeine, gallic acid, kaempferol and p-coumaric acid, on survival and pathogen tolerance in the European honey bee, Apis mellifera (L.). We recorded longevity of worker bees that were provided ad libitum access to sugar solution supplemented with different concentrations of phytochemicals. We artificially infected worker bees with the protozoan parasite, Nosema ceranae. Infected bees were provided access to the same concentrations of the phytochemicals in the sugar solution, and their longevity and spore load at mortality were determined. Bees supplemented with dietary phytochemicals survived longer and lower concentrations were generally more beneficial. Dietary phytochemicals enabled bees to combat infection as seen by reduced spore-load at mortality. Many of the phytochemicals are plant defense compounds that pollinators have evolved to tolerate and derive benefits from. Our findings support the chemical bases of co-evolutionary interactions and reiterate the importance of diversity in floral nutrition sources to sustain healthy honey bee populations by strengthening the natural mutualistic relationships.
Chlorhexidine Showers are Associated With a Reduction in Surgical Site Infection Following Spine Surgery: An Analysis of 4266 Consecutive Surgeries.

BACKGROUND Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common complication following spinal surgery. Prevention is critical to maintaining safe patient care and reducing additional costs associated with treatment. OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of preoperative chlorhexidine (CHG) showers on SSI rates following fusion and nonfusion spine surgery. METHODS A mandatory preoperative CHG shower protocol was implemented at our institution in November 2013. A cohort comparison of 4266 consecutive patients assessed differences in SSI rates for the pre- and postimplementation periods. Subgroup analysis was performed on the type of spinal surgery (eg, fusion vs nonfusion). Data represent all spine surgeries performed between April 2012 and April 2016. RESULTS The overall mean SSI rate was 0.4%. There was no significant difference between the pre- (0.7%) and postimplementation periods (0.2%; P = .08). Subgroup analysis stratified by procedure type showed that the SSI rate for the nonfusion patients was significantly lower in the post- (0.1%) than the preimplementation group (0.7%; P = .02). There was no significant difference between SSI rates for the pre- (0.8%) and postimplementation groups (0.3%) for the fusion cohort (P = .21). In multivariate analysis, the implementation of preoperative CHG showers were associated with significantly decreased odds of SSI (odds ratio = 0.15, 95% confidence interval [0.03-0.55], P < .01). CONCLUSION This is the largest study investigating the efficacy of preoperative CHG showers on SSI following spinal surgery. In adjusted multivariate analysis, CHG showering was associated with a significant decrease in SSI following spinal surgery.
The Faith, Activity, and Nutrition (FAN) Dissemination and Implementation Study, Phase 1: Implementation Monitoring Methods and Results

Faith-based settings offer opportunities for reaching populations at risk for chronic conditions and are optimal settings for dissemination and implementation (D&I) research. Faith, Activity, and Nutrition (FAN) is an evidence-based program designed to promote physical activity (PA) and healthy eating (HE) through church policy, systems, and environmental change. We report implementation fidelity for Phase 1 of the FAN D&I project, a countywide effort. The group randomized study included pre- and postintervention assessments of core PA and HE components. We compared implementation in early intervention (n = 35) versus delayed intervention (control, n = 19) churches; assessed individual church implementation; and examined the effects of level of implementation on church member outcomes. Implementation assessments were conducted with the FAN coordinator via telephone survey. Study outcomes were assessed with church members 8 to 12 months following baseline assessment via self-administered surveys. We found significantly higher levels of implementation for PA opportunities, PA and HE guidelines, PA and HE messages, and PA and HE pastor support in intervention versus control churches and showed church-level variation in PA and HE implementation. PA self-efficacy varied by level of implementation; high and low implementers did not differ in proportion of church members physically inactive, although low implementers had fewer members inactive than controls. The high level of implementation in intervention churches shows promise for broader dissemination of FAN.