Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Young People’s Voices Regarding the Use of Social Networking Sites to Plan for a Night Out Where Alcohol Is Involved

ABSTRACT The risk of alcohol related harm is experienced disproportionality by young people aged 15–24 years. Harmful use of alcohol has serious effects on individual physical and mental wellbeing and is considered by the World Health Organization to be one of the main risk factors for poor health globally. It is crucial to understand the factors that influence drinking behavior in young people in order to inform prevention strategies to prevent problematic drinking. This is particularly paramount during the transition into young adulthood (around 18–25 years), when risky health behaviors are likely to become embedded. This pilot study adopted a qualitative descriptive methodology that facilitates exploration of what young people say about their own experiences and behavior, as it relates to SNS use and alcohol consumption. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Newcastle, NSW Australia. An inductive, semantic approach to thematic analysis was selected to analyze the data as this method supported the exploratory nature of the pilot study and ensured that the themes identified were strongly linked to the data. Four main organizing themes that arose from the collected data were: organizing friends; safety amongst friends, planning not to plan; and different event – different plans. All of the participants stated they preferred to use Facebook Messenger™ to connect and share in a group conversation with peers. Convenience, cost and accessibility emerged as the main reasons for using SNSs to plan nights out. Planning for a night out using SNSs allows young people to impulsively plan and change plans – making planning fluid and asynchronous. To date, despite the global use of SNSs, the influence of SNSs in young adults’ planning for events during which alcohol is served is relatively unknown. This pilot study gives us a some understanding of how young people use SNSs to plan and prepare for a night out where alcohol is served. Further research needs to be conducted to determine whether SNSs can be used effectively to promote health behavior change or be used as forums for advice seeking and support when attending events where alcohol is served, with the ultimate goal of lowering risky behaviors and thereby improving health outcomes for young people.
The Use of Neutralized Soybean Oil Soapstock for Broilers

Abstract Comparative broiler feeding experiments were conducted with a neutralized, dried soybean soapstock (N.D.S.S.) and an animal and vegetable commercial feed fat (C.F.F.), fed at 4% of diet. In the first experiment, four replicates of 20 chicks each were fed the C.F. F. and four replicates of 20 chicks each were given the same type of diet in which N.D. S.S. was substituted for the C.F. F. This format was repeated in the second experiment. The results of both experiments showed no significant differences in body weights or feed conversion between the groups fed either the N.D. S.S. or the C.F. F. No differences in rate of mortality were observed with either treatment. N.D. S.S. produced a shank pigmentation score significantly greater than that obtained with feeding C.F. F. These results demonstrate that N.D. S.S. can be used successfully in broiler feeds as a source of energy and a pigmenter. The production of N.D. S.S. does not present a problem of waste disposal.
Kangaroo mother care can improve the short-term outcomes of very preterm infants.

BACKGROUND Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is a cornerstone of preterm infant management. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of daily prolonged KMC in very preterm infants and its influence on neonatal morbidity and short-term outcomes, and breastfeeding optimization. METHODS Research included 52 very preterm infants. According to the KMC duration newborns were divided into two groups; Group1 of 22 infants (42.3%) - KMC lasted more than 3 hours/day, Group 2 of 30 infants (57.7%) - KMC lasted less than 3 hours/day. RESULTS Nosocomial sepsis occurred less frequently in Group 1 versus Group 2 (OR = 10.50; 95% CI 1.23-89.67, p = 0.012). Incidences of BPD, NEC, IVH I-II grades, the duration of parenteral nutrition, and growth parameters have not been different between groups (p > 0.05). Breastfeeding rates at discharge prevailed in Group 1 (OR = 3.70; 95% CI 1.16-11.86, p = 0.025). The most important factors for nosocomial sepsis: combination of parenteral nutrition duration and daily prolonged KMC, as a preventing factor (p = 0.002). Combination of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) treatment duration, type of enteral feeding, and mother's age add as factors that have important influence on breastfeeding prolongation (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Nosocomial infection prevention and breastfeeding optimization are profitable outcomes of daily prolonged KMC in very preterm infants. No significant differences in the BPD, NEC, IVH I-II grades incidences, duration of parenteral nutrition, and growth parameters were found between studied groups. Combination of long-lasting KMC and short-term parenteral nutritionis a significant factor for nosocomial sepsis prophylaxis.
Ageing, metabolism and the intestine

The intestinal epithelium serves as a dynamic barrier to the environment and integrates a variety of signals, including those from metabolites, commensal microbiota, immune responses and stressors upon ageing. The intestine is constantly challenged and requires a high renewal rate to replace damaged cells in order to maintain its barrier function. Essential for its renewal capacity are intestinal stem cells, which constantly give rise to progenitor cells that differentiate into the multiple cell types present in the epithelium. Here, we review the current state of research of how metabolism and ageing control intestinal stem cell function and epithelial homeostasis. We focus on recent insights gained from model organisms that indicate how changes in metabolic signalling during ageing are a major driver for the loss of stem cell plasticity and epithelial homeostasis, ultimately affecting the resilience of an organism and limiting its lifespan. We compare findings made in mouse and Drosophila and discuss differences and commonalities in the underlying signalling pathways and mechanisms in the context of ageing.
Faith Community Nursing Practice and Holistic Nursing Practice: A Comprehensive and Inclusive Comparison of Both Specialties

Faith community nursing and holistic nursing are recognized by the American Nurses Association as nursing specialties. Both nursing specialties practice with the understanding that holistically caring for an individual as a unique whole in his or her totality including respecting and attending to a human being’s spiritual and/or faith-based needs across the life span is integral in promoting health and healing. The purpose of this article is to present the evolution of faith community nursing and holistic nursing practice and to compare their similarities and differences based on each specialty’s current Scope and Standards of Practice. Utilizing each specialty’s Scope and Standards of Practice allowed the authors a fair, practical, and extensive means for presenting a comprehensive and inclusive comparison. Continued and partnered research should be conducted by both specialties to advance their scope and standards of practice, to support comprehensive evidence-based and outcome-based care that promotes health, healing, compassion and caring, and to educate others regarding each nursing specialty’s role, value, and significant contributions to the art and science of nursing.
Vitamin C is a source of oxoaldehyde and glycative stress in age‐related cataract and neurodegenerative diseases

Oxoaldehyde stress has recently emerged as a major source of tissue damage in aging and age‐related diseases. The prevailing mechanism involves methylglyoxal production during glycolysis and modification of arginine residues through the formation of methylglyoxal hydroimidazolones (MG‐H1). We now tested the hypothesis that oxidation of vitamin C (ascorbic acid or ASA) contributes to this damage when the homeostatic redox balance is disrupted especially in ASA‐rich tissues such as the eye lens and brain. MG‐H1 measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry is several fold increased in the lens and brain from transgenic mice expressing human vitamin C transporter 2 (hSVCT2). Similarly, MG‐H1 levels are increased two‐ to fourfold in hippocampus extracts from individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and significantly higher levels are present in sarkosyl‐insoluble tissue fractions from AD brain proteins than in the soluble fractions. Moreover, immunostaining with antibodies against methylglyoxal hydroimidazolones reveals similar increase in substantia nigra neurons from individuals with Parkinson's disease. Results from an in vitro incubation experiment suggest that accumulated catalytic metal ions in the hippocampus during aging could readily accelerate ASA oxidation and such acceleration was significantly enhanced in AD. Modeling studies and intraventricular injection of 13C‐labeled ASA revealed that ASA backbone carbons 4–6 are incorporated into MG‐H1 both in vitro and in vivo, likely via a glyceraldehyde precursor. We propose that drugs that prevent oxoaldehyde stress or excessive ASA oxidation may protect against age‐related cataract and neurodegenerative diseases.
Amino Acid Content and Availability in Low, Medium and High Tannin Sorghum Grain for Poultry

In order to assess and determine amino acids profile and availability in different sorghum grain (SG) varieties, three SG varieties including low tannin (0.09%, LTS), medium tannin (0.19%, MTS), and high tannin (0.37%, HTS) were grown in the same location. The grains were analyzed for their proximate analyses, tannin, and amino acids. True amino acid availability (TAAA) was obtained by caecectomized single comb leghorn cockerels and Sibbald's method. The results showed that the first and the second limiting amino acids in LTS and MTS were methionine and cystine, respectively. Whereas in HTS, lysine (0.166%) was the first and methionine (0.176%) was the second limiting amino acid. Methionine contents in LTS, MTS, and HTS were 0.114%, 0.182%, and 0.176%, respectively. Although crude protein was lower in HTS (10%) than the other SG, histidine, methionine, and isoleucine were higher for HTS as compared to LTS and MTS. TAAA decreased when tannin content increased and all amino acids had a lower availability in HTS than in LTS and MTS (p<0.05). Methionine in HTS and LTS had the highest availability as had glutamic acid in MTS. The availability of proline was most affected by tannin, which was 91.55% for LTS, 84.82% for MTS, and 22.82% for HTS (p<0.05).
Effect of Leuconostoc mesenteroides KCCM35046 fermented aged garlic extract on egg production, egg quality, odour gas emissions, targeted E. coli colony, haematological characteristics and fatty acids composition of egg yolk in laying hens

ABSTRACT The design of this study was to investigate the impacts of dietary supplementation with aged garlic extract (AGE) by Leuconostoc mesenteroides KCCM35046 on egg production, egg quality, odour gas emissions from excreta, excreta microbiota, haematological characteristics and fatty acids composition of egg yolk in laying hens. A total of 384, 54-week (ISA-brown) laying hens were randomly assigned to one of four treatments with eight replications per treatment and 12 adjacent cages as a replication. The experimental treatments were: (1) CON; basal diet, (2) AGE.05; CON + . 05% aged garlic extract, (3) AGE.1; CON + . 1% aged garlic extract, (4) AGE.2; CON + . 2% aged garlic extract. No significant differences were observed in feed intake (FI) and egg production among treatments (P > .05). Laying hens fed with the AGE linearly improved yolk height at Week 3 (P = .02). The inclusion of . 1% AGE had increased Haughunit (HU) at Week 4 (quadratic, P = .01). At the end of the experiment, AGE diet linearly increased yolk height and egg shell thickness (P = .01 and .03, respectively). No significant differences were observed in excreta gas emission (P > .05). The supplementation of AGE linearly reduced excreta E. coli concentrations (P = .02). Inclusion of AGE led to a greater lymphocyte and IgG concentrations (linear, P = .04 and P = .03, respectively), whereas blood total cholesterol (TC) was reduced by the AGE supplementation (linear, P < .01). PUFA: SFA was increased in AGE treatment at the end of the experiment (P < .05). In conclusion, the administration of AGE at a level of . 1 and/or . 2% can improve egg quality, blood lymphocyte, IgG concentrations and reduced excreta E. coli and blood TC in the laying hens.
PRACTITIONERS’ CORNER Testing Convergence in Income DistributionÅ

The generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator is often used to test for convergence in income distribution in a dynamic panel set-up. We argue that though consistent, the GMM estimator utilizes the sample observations inefficiently. We propose a simple ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator with more efficient use of sample information. Our Monte Carlo study shows that the GMM estimator can be very imprecise and severely biased in finite samples. In contrast, the OLS estimator overcomes these shortcomings.
Identification of oilseed rape cultivars using fluorescence-based AFLP markers

Fluorescence-based AFLP molecular marker was evaluated for its ability to identify oilseed rape cultivars. Each of the six tested AFLP combinations detected polymorphisms, the best combination (MCAA/E-ACT) had 26% of polymorphic peaks from a total of 90 peaks and could distinguish analyzed cultivars, and 4 out of 5 DH lines. The results indicated that florescence-based AFLP is a very suitable approach for the purposes of oil seed rape cultivar fingerprinting.
Relationship between the Dental Aesthetic Index and Discrepancy Index

Objective: To establish the association between malocclusion severity and orthodontic case complexity as assessed by the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and the American Board of Orthodontics Discrepancy Index (ABO-DI), respectively. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Pre-treatment dental casts and radiographs from 500 individuals (294 women and 206 men; mean age = 26.06 ± 11.58 years) were randomly selected from the orthodontics department of a private university. Methods: Malocclusion severity was assessed using DAI and case complexity was evaluated with ABO-DI. Three previously calibrated operators performed the measurements. Spearman’s correlation analysis, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test and a linear generalised model were used for statistical evaluation (P < 0.05 was considered significant). Results: Although the correlation (r = 0.45; P < 0.0001) between malocclusion severity and case complexity was moderate, strong evidence of an association (P < 0.001) between dichotomised DAI and ABO-DI total scores was observed. The linear generalised model showed that for each point of increase in DAI score, the ABO-DI score increased an average of 0.3624 points (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: An association between malocclusion severity and case complexity is suggested. A linear generalised model could be used to predict the complexity of the case from the malocclusion severity (DAI score).
Perception of climate change, loss of social capital and mental health in two groups of migrants from African countries.

INTRODUCTION The negative effects of climate change affect community subsistence models, thus determining an increase in social conflicts, a loosening of social capital, an increase in the incidence of traumas and diseases, and a push for migration. AIM This exploratory research compares the perception of climate change, as well as the reduction of social capital and mental health, in two groups of migrants arriving in Italy from African countries with high or extreme vulnerability to climate change. METHODS The perception of climate change and the degree of social capital were assessed with a semi-structured interview. The psychological condition was investigated through a clinical psychological interview and tests. RESULTS The group of migrants coming from countries with extreme exposure to climate change perceive greater vulnerability of their country and reports a greater loss of social capital. The level of education does not seem to affect the ability to perceive climate change. In the entire sample, there is a strong correlation between the perception of change and the loss of social capital, and between the loss of social capital and emotional disorders. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that actions to preserve the social capital of a community strongly exposed to climate change can mitigate the impact of change on mental health.
The nudeotide sequence of the gene for γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase of Escherichia coli

The nucleotide sequence of the gsh I gene for gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase(GSH I) of Escherichia coli B has been determined. The gsh I structural gene contains 1557 bases in length and predicted a ploypeptide of 518 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 58,251. The value is in good agreement with that obtained from gel filtration and SDS/PAGE of GSH I. The initiation codon 5 bp downstream of putative Shine-Dalgarno sequence was an unusual TTG, which encoded methionine. For transcription, two sets of consensus promoter signals(-10 and -35 regions) overlapping each other were identified. The terminator signal shows the favored stem-loop structure with an adequate free energy delta G = -22.80 kcal/mol.
Development of durum wheat and triticale cultivars as affected by thermo-photoperiodic conditions

The understanding of the interaction between thermo-photoperiodic conditions and the genetic control of anthesis date is fundamental in explaining the environmental adaptation of durum wheat and triticale cultivars. The development of 8 durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) and 2 triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) cultivars was studied at 3 sowing dates (September, November, and March) by observations on apex development, number and rate of leaf appearance, spike fertility, and number and length of elongated internodes. Variation in anthesis date was mostly explained by the total number of leaves, which ranged between 8.3 and 15, and hence by the duration of the phase of leaf primordium production. Total leaf number also affected the length of the subsequent phase until flag leaf appearance. The phyllochron was influenced by both sowing date and genotype, and was minimum in the March sowing (87 degree-days). The genotypic variability in phyllochron was due either to the variations in leaf number or to genotypic intrinsic differences. Time to terminal spikelet stage was related to the number of spikelets per spike and to the number of elongated internodes, although stem length depended more on internode length than on internode number. The number of spikelets per spike was associated with leaf number, but their relationship was affected by the thermal conditions during spikelet primordium initiation. No differences were observed between wheat and triticale cultivars, apart from the number of spikelets per spike.
Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update February 2011 *

The following sequences have been submitted to the Nomenclature Committee since the January 2011 nomenclature update and, following agreed policy, have been assigned official allele designations Marsh et al. (2010). Full details of all sequences will be published in a forthcoming report. Below are listed the newly assigned sequences (Table 1) and confirmations of previously reported sequences (Table 2). The accession number of each sequence is given and these can be used to retrieve the sequence files from the EMBL, GenBank or DDBJ data libraries. Although accession numbers have been assigned by the data-libraries and most sequences are
Talent identification and development in soccer since the millennium

ABSTRACT At the turn of the millennium, a review paper was published in this journal on talent identification and development in soccer (Williams & Reilly, 2000). In the current paper, we assess progress made in this field over the last twenty years relative to the areas for future research highlighted in the original review. We evaluate developments in light of the calls made by Williams and Reilly to: a) undertake more multidisciplinary rather than mono-disciplinary research; b) embrace longitudinal rather than cross-sectional research designs; c) expand the research base on female football; and, d) better identify the subjective criteria used by scouts when selecting one player over another for entry into a formalised training environment. The body of mono-disciplinary research on this topic continues to expand, and progress has been made in publishing multidisciplinary, prospective, longitudinal data sets, along with advanced statistical modelling procedures, as well as in identifying the experiential criteria used by scouts. We found some variables in these studies have predictive value from adolescence to adult performance level in soccer. We present suggestions for future research to enhance knowledge and understanding of the best practices underpinning the identification and development of future generations of professional players.
Effect of Exposure to Cats and Dogs on the Risk of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background Controversies persist regarding whether exposure to cat or dog increases the risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Objective This meta-analysis aimed to assess the associations between exposure to cats or dogs and the development of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Methods A systematic review was performed to identify case-control and cohort studies before May 2019, evaluating the association between exposure to cats and dogs and the risk of asthma and rhinitis. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The odds ratios (ORs) and risk ratios (RRs) were pooled for case-control and cohort studies, respectively. Subgroup analyses were performed on prespecified study-level characteristics. Results The meta-analysis of 34 cohort studies showed a protective role of exposure to cats [RR: 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77–0.99] or dogs (RR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73–0.97) in the development of asthma. The subgroup analysis of birth cohort (RR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56–0.93) and children population (RR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70–0.96) also suggested a favorable role of exposure to dogs in the development of asthma. Pooled evidence from 13 case-control studies indicated no significant impact of cats (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 0.39–2.94) and dogs (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.92–1.52) on the development of asthma. A pooled analysis of five cohort studies showed a favorable effect of exposure to cats (RR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.33–0.86) or dogs (RR: 0.68, 95% CI 0.44–0.90) on the development of allergic rhinitis. Conclusion The findings indicated a protective effect of exposure to cats and dogs, especially ownership, on the development of asthma and allergic rhinitis.