Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TREATED EFFLUENT AND SALINE WATER IRRIGATION INFLUENCES SOIL PROPERTIES, YIELD, WATER PRODUCTIVITY AND SODIUM CONTENT OF SNOW PEAS AND CELERY

To determine the effects of irrigation water quality, plants were irrigated with normal potable water [0.25 dS m−1 electrical conductivity (EC), 25 mg L−1 sodium (Na), 55 mg L−1 chloride (Cl)], treated effluent (0.94 dS m−1 EC, 122 mg L−1 Na, 143 mg L−1 Cl) and saline water with low salinity (1.24 dS m−1 EC, 144 mg L−1 Na and 358 mg L−1 Cl) and high salinity (2.19 dS m−1 EC, 264 mg L −1Na and 662 mg L−1 Cl) for snow peas, and high salinity (3.07 dS m−1 EC, 383 mg L−1 Na and 965 mg L−1 Cl) and very high salinity (5.83 dS m−1 EC, 741 mg L−1 Na and 1876 mg L−1 Cl) for celery. The greater salts build up in the soil and ion toxicity (Cl and Na) with saline water irrigation contributed to significantly greater reduction in root and shoot biomass, water use, yield and water productivity (yield kg kL−1 of water used) of snow peas and celery compared with treated effluent and potable water irrigation. There was 8%, 56% and 74% reduction in celery yield respectively with treated effluent, high salinity and very high salinity saline water irrigation compared with potable water irrigation. The Na concentration in snow peas shoots increased by 54%, 234% and 501% with treated effluent, low and high salinity saline water irrigation. Similarly, the increases in Na concentration in celery shoots were 19%, 35% and 82%. The treated effluent irrigation also resulted in a significant increase in soil EC, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content compared with potable water irrigation. The heavy metals besides salts build up appears to have contributed to yield reductions with treated effluent irrigation. The study reveals strong implications for the use of saline water and treated effluent for irrigation of snow peas and celery. The salt build up within the root zone and soil environment would be critical in the long-run with the use of saline water and treated effluent for irrigation of crops. To minimize the salinity level in rhizosphere, an alternate irrigation of potable water with treated effluent or low salinity level water may be better option.
The influence of substitutional atoms upon the electron structure of the iron-based transition metal alloys

The influence of the substitutional atoms Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Mo in iron-based alloys on the stability of the crystalline fcc structure and the change of the electron state density at the Fermi surface are studied by means of conduction electron spin resonance (CESR). The temperature dependence of the CESR g-factor and of its integral intensity is measured and analysed in relation to theoretical predictions. It is shown that Cr, Mn and Mo decrease the state density at the Fermi surface in the fcc iron, whereas Ni and Cu increase it. The study singles out the contributions of three electron subsystems (conduction s electrons, localized isolated d electrons and those included in superparamagnetic clusters) to g(T) and traces the important role of substitutional alloying elements in the formation of clusters in fcc solid solution.
Oxygen implant isolation of n-GaN field-effect transistor structures

Multiple-energy (30-325 keV) O{sup +} implantation into GaN field-effect transistor structures (n {approximately} 10{sup 18} cm{sup {minus}3}, 3000 {angstrom} thick) can produce as-implanted sheet resistances of 4 x 10{sup 12} {Omega}/{open_square}, provided care is taken to ensure compensation of the region up to the projected range of the lowest energy implant. The sheet resistance remains above 10{sup 7} {Omega}/{open_square} to annealing temperatures of {approximately} 650 C and displays an activation energy of 0.29 eV. No diffusion of the implanted oxygen was observed for anneals up to 800 C.
MP2, DFT and DFT-D study of the dimers of diazanaphthalenes: a comparative study of their structures, stabilisation and binding energies

Diazanaphthalenes (DAPs) are a broad class of N-heteroaromatic compounds with several technological and biological applications. Some of these applications are attributed to the ability of DAP molecules to form associated dimers through non-covalent interactions. A study of the types and strength of the interactions involved is crucial for understanding the preferred geometries and energetics of the dimers. In this study, the dimers of five DAPs are investigated by means of Møller–Plesset second order perturbation theory, hybrid meta-GGA [density functional theory methods (DFT): DFT/MPWB1K, DFT/M05-2X and DFT/M06-2X] and DFT dispersion-corrected (DFT-D/ωB97XD) methods to elucidate their dimers' preferred geometries, relative energies and nature of the interactions between monomer units. The results indicate that the monomer units of the dimers are held by either intermolecular hydrogen bonds or π…π stacking interactions, and that the preferred dimers are those in which the monomer units interact through π…π stacking interactions. A comparison across structures suggests that the position of the N atom in the ring has significant role in determining the relative energy and binding strength of the dimers. A comparison among the different methods utilised for the study indicates that DFT/M06-2X method provides binding energies that are close to those of DFT-CCSD(T) correction scheme and could therefore be considered as the best method for describing the binding properties of DAP dimers.
SULFUR OXIDATION AND RHODANESE ACTIVITY IN SOILS

Rhodanese converts S2O32- to SO32-, both of which are intermediates during the oxidation of elemental sulfur (S°). AI though rhodanese activity has been detected in soils, its role in S° oxidation is not well understood. This study investigated the effects of time, temperature, and water potential on rhodanese activity in S° amended soils. Air drying decreased or increased S° oxidation depending on soil type, whereas air drying decreased rhodanese activity in all four soils tested. The relationship of S° oxidation to rhodanese activity was not consistent among all soil types. The Woodburn soil (Aqultic Argix-eroll) had high S° oxidation potential but low rhodanese activity, whereas the Amity soil (Argiaquic Xeric Argialboll) had high rhodanese activity but low S° oxidation. The rate of S° oxidation reached a maximum after 7 or 14 days depending on soil type, but rhodanese activity decreased with time up to 28 days in all soils. In three of the four soils tested the addition of K2SO4 or Na4SO4 (450 mg SO42- - S kg−1 soil) suppressed rhodanese activity after 28 days incubation at 23°C, indicating that the end product of S° oxidation (SO42-) has a potential role in suppressing rhodanese activity. We conducted an experiment including a complete factorial of five temperatures (10, 20, 25, 30, and 40°C) and five water potentials (ranging from approximately −0.005 to −10 megapascal (MPa) to determine the influence of these parameters on S° oxidation and rhodanese activity in five soils. Optimum temperature for S° oxidation ranged from 25 to 30°C, and optimum water potential was −0.02 MPa in three silty clay or silt loam soils, −0.01 MPa in a sandy loam soil, and −0.1 MPa in a sandy soil (Quincy). Unlike the other four soils, the course-textured soil (Quincy), high in sand content (>89% sand), exhibited increased rhodanese activity with increasing water potential at temperatures ranging from 10 to 30°C, but at 40°C rhodanese activity decreased with increasing water potential. We found no direct relationship between S° oxidation and rhodanese activity in this study.
Crystal structure of 3-(propan-2-yl)-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione, C6H11NOS

C6H11NOS, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 6.0291(6) Å, b = 10.615(1) Å, c = 11.806(1) Å, V = 755.6 Å, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0244, wRref(F ) = 0.0645, T = 100 K.
Portable GC/MS Methods to Evaluate Sources of cVOC Contamination in Indoor Air

A portable gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometer (GC/MS) was used to investigate sources of chlorinated volatile organic compound (cVOC) contamination in indoor air at 46 residences around Hill AFB, Utah, that were potentially affected by vapor intrusion. Analytical methods were developed to allow sample turnaround times of less than 10 min and method detection limits (MDLs) generally less than 1 μg/m3 for a selected list of cVOCs. Area‐by‐area sampling was used to identify the likely vapor source locations. In many cases, individual container/enclosure sampling and subsequent field emission rate measurements from isolated consumer products were used to determine if identified products were likely to be the primary source of vapors in the residence. The portable GC/MS was also used to characterize vapor intrusion in two residences. In one of these two residences, building pressure control was used to enhance vapor entry in order to facilitate the investigation resulting in confirmation of vapor intrusion and identification of a primary route of vapor entry. cVOCs were identified in 42 of the 46 homes investigated, subsurface vapor intrusion was identified in two homes, and two homes had inconclusive results.
Azo Dye Decolorization under Microaerophilic Conditions by a Bacterial Mixture Isolated from Anthropogenic Dye‐Contaminated Soil

ABSTRACT Soil samples isolated from dye-contaminated sites were exploited for isolation of dye decolorizing microorganisms. A novel bacterial mixture, RkNb1, was selected based on its efficiency, showing maximum and faster decolorization of textile dyes. Seven bacterial strains were isolated and identified from the bacterial mixture as Ochrobactrum intermedium (HM480365), Ochrobactrum intermedium strain M16-10-4 (HM030758), Enterococcus faecalis (HM480367), Arthrobacter crystallopoietes (HM480368), Kocuria flavus (HM480369), Bacillus beijingensis (HM480370), and Citrobacter freundii (HM480371) by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. This bacterial mixture showed 98.17% decolorization of Reactive Violet 5 (400 mg L−1) within 8 h. The culture exhibited good decolorization ability at pH 8 and at a temperature of 37°C. Malt extract and peptone was found to enhance the decolorization rate of Reactive Violet 5. Plackett-Burman experimental design was used for elucidation of medium components affecting Reactive Violet 5 decolorization. Dye degradation products obtained during the course of decolorization were analyzed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The potential of this bacterial mixture to decolorize Reactive Violet 5 dye from manufacturing industry effluent is to be carried out using appropriate bioreactors.
Intercalation of benzamide into expanded kaolinite under ambient environmental conditions

Waste kaolinite from a fertilizer industry was intercalated with n-methylformamide (NMF) under ambient conditions. The complex was washed, characterized and then reacted with benzamide (dissolved in ethanol) under similar conditions. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), clear evidence of benzamide intercalation was observed after a reaction time of 48 h. The FTIR and DTA analysis also confirmed that the ethanol was not involved in the intercalation and that both NMF and benzamide are present in the interlayer region.
Low Temperature Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition for Epitaxial Growth of SiGe Bipolar Transistors

Atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) has been used to grow an epitaxial SiGe-base for a novel self-aligned low thermal budget heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) device. The hydrogen growth ambient is shown to greatly facilitate the growth of high quality epitaxial layers in the range 550 to 750°C. SiGe was deposited from silane, germane, and diborane using gas switching. Convenient growth rates were achieved with SiGe alloy compositions of 10 to 30% Ge and 10 17 to 10 19 /cm 3 p-type doping. The SiGe-base region was a box-shaped profile about 60 nm wide with a narrow boron spike nested inside. The Gummel characteristics of transistors were ideal indicating high quality material, and the devices had excellent ac characteristics which have been reported elsewhere.
Densities and viscosities of binary liquid mixtures of nitrobenzene with cyclohexane and N,N-dimethylformamide

Excess volume, excess viscosity, excess free energy of activation of flow, and contact interaction parameter have been computed for binary liquid mixtures of nitrobenzene with cyclohexane or N,N-dimethylformamide from density and viscosity measurements in the temperature interval of 298.15-313.15 K. The calculated quantities are discussed in terms of the nature of the molecular interactions between the components. Attempts were also made to test the validity of the viscosity models of Heric, Auslaender, and McAllister in predicting the binary viscosity data
Distribution of Trace Elements Associated with Dissolved Compounds (<0.45 μm−1 nm) in Freshwater Using Coupled (Frontal Cascade) Ultrafiltration and Chromatographic Separations

After tagging with Mn, Co, Fe, Zn, Ag, Cd, and Cs, colloids of the dissolved phase ( 10-kDa fractions of one sample was measured from the concentrate of 200 L. This allowed the determination of a distribution coefficient (Kc) between colloids and the “true” dissolved phase (10-kDa filtrate). Depending on the element, the percentage of co.
Membrane filtration for microencapsulation and microcapsules fabrication by layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte adsorption.

Layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte adsorption at colloid particle surfaces as well as the removal of the core latex to obtain multilayer microcapsules is conducted by means of membrane filtration. As target particles for adsorption we use nonsoluble polystyrene sulfate latex, soluble melamine formaldehyde resin latex, and decomposable glutaraldehyde fixed human red blood cells. The materials adsorbed are poly(allylamine hydrochloride), poly(styrenesulfonate), poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), chitosan, and chitosansulfate. The coating process is carried out under different membrane filtration conditions with respect to the pressure regime, the filter materials, and the stirring conditions. We characterize the prepared multilayers at the particle surface or in the microcapsule (shell) form by atomic force microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, single-particle light scattering, and electrophoresis. The quality, performance, and yield of the presented method are c.
Determination of Picomolar Levels of Iron in Seawater Using Catalytic Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry

A new procedure for the direct determination of picomolar levels of iron in seawater is presented. Cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV) is preceded by adsorptive accumulation of the iron(III)−2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) complex from seawater, containing 20 μM DHN at pH 8.0, onto a static mercury drop electrode, followed by reduction of the adsorbed species. The reduction current is catalytically enhanced by the presence of 20 mM bromate. Optimized conditions include a 60-s adsorption period at −0.1 V and a voltammetric scan using sampled dc modulation at 10 Hz. In these conditions, a detection limit of 13 pM iron in seawater was achieved which can be lowered further by extending the adsorption time to 300 s. The new catalytic CSV method is ∼5 times more sensitive than existing CSV methods and was tested on samples from the Atlantic Ocean.
First Evidence of the Oxidation and Regeneration of Polysulfides at a GaAs Electrode, under Anodic Conditions. A Study by in Situ UV−Visible Spectroelectrochemistry

We report on the oxidation and regeneration, at a GaAs electrode, of polysulfides present in (NH4)2Sn aqueous solutions. The concentration of the polysulfide ions can be monitored by optical absorption spectroscopy. Thus, the variation of their concentration at a “GaAs/(NH4)2Sn solution” interface, under anodic potential, was followed by in situ UV−visible spectroelectrochemistry performed in thin layer conditions and in galvanostatic mode. Under these conditions, the variation of the solution absorption at the interface allowed us, on one hand, to confirm that the polysulfides are oxidized at a GaAs electrode, leading to the release of S°, and, on the other hand, to underscore that S° reacts with HS- ions to restore polysulfides. Moreover, it was shown that the main polysulfide species present in a 1% (NH4)2Sn aqueous solution is the pentasulfide ion, S52-. Finally, this work shows that under definite conditions of anodic current and electrolyte composition, the surface of the GaAs anode is neither oxidi.
Visitor’s experiential attributes and revisit intention to Islamic tourism attractions in Malaysia / Arni Abdul Gani, Mazlina Mahdzar and Nor Asmalina M. Anuar

The popularity of Malaysia as one of the prominent Islamic tourism and Muslim-friendly destinations in the world is non-arguable. The country has been recognised as one of the top destinations for Muslim travellers, owing to many factors such as world-class tourism infrastructures, nature wonders, multicultural identity, and unique culture and heritage based on the Islamic principles. The city’s most iconic Islamic attractions, the National Mosque and Islamic Arts Museum were named as must-see attractions in the city, promoted heavily by the government and have ever since experiencing a tremendous increase in visitors’ arrival. To keep up with the demand, these places need to continuously provide excellent facilities and services as expected by the tourists, and at the same time maintain the exclusivity of what an Islamic tourism attraction should be. It is essential to acknowledge that the success of any tourism attractions depends significantly on many factors, and these include its worthiness for repeat visitation. This study intends to discover the visitors’ experience of these places and assess their likelihood to make repeat visitation to the same place. Results revealed that escapism, entertainment, and aesthetic are the experiences that affect visitors’ revisit intention. Education, on the other hand, is found to have a weak relationship, prompting for further examination. Overall, the study provides an avenue for more researches to be conducted in multiple elements of these prominent Islamic tourism attractions in the country.
Synthesis of HS/NH2-Bi-Functional Mesoporous Silica and its Adsorption of Co(II) and Mn(II) in Dilute Solutions

Bi-functional mesoporsous silica adsorbents, functionalized via the introduction of chelating agents (mercaptopropyl and aminopropyl groups) were prepared to adsorb Co2+ and Mn2+ in dilute solutions. The molar ratio of MPTMS/APTMS in grafting process seemed to have great effected on the mesostructure of adsorbents, and the appropriate value was considered to be 2/1. The modified silica gels at that ratio showed well-ordered property as well as its high infinity of the two metal ions. The pseudo-second-order equation was applied to describe the adsorption kinetics. And the influence of interferential ions Ca2+ and Mg2+ was also studied.
Effect of Separation of Ozonation and Electrolysis on Effective Use of Ozone in Ozone-Electrolysis Process

For improving the ozone consumption efficiency (OCE) of the ozone-electrolysis process, an ozone-electrolysis system with an independent electrolytic cell from an ozone contactor (indirect ozone injection system) and a three-dimensional electrode were introduced in this study. The reactor successfully enhanced the OCE and the ratio of 1,4-dioxane degradation rate to ozone injection rate (RDO) in comparison with the previous reactor. The three-dimensional electrode also contributed the improvement of the OCE and the RDO due to lowering the current density on the cathode. As the indirect ozone injection system allows higher degree of freedom for the reactor design, it is useful for application of ozone-electrolysis to practical water treatments.
Analysis of chemical forms of heavy metals in contaminated soil by sequential extraction methods

The samples collected from soils and sediments near the mouth of a river (samples A, B, and C), port (sample D), or shooting range (samples E and F) were investigated with Tessier's sequential extraction method to design the remediation process for contaminated sites. This method was chosen to determine the chemical forms of heavy metal contaminants, which consists of five fractions such as ‘exchangeable’, ‘bound to carbonate’, ‘bound to oxide’, ‘bound to organic matter’, and ‘residue’. In the case of samples from sediments near the mouth of a river, zinc (Zn) distributes in the fractions ‘bound to oxide’ and ‘bound to organic matter’, while copper is observed in the fractions ‘bound to organic matter’ and ‘residue’, respectively. When the sample obtained from the sediment near a port was examined, most of Zn distributes in the fractions ‘bound to organic matter’ and ‘residue’. In sites E and F, lead, Zn, and copper distributed in the fractions ‘bound to carbonate’ and ‘bound to oxide’. On the basis of results, physical treatment followed by chemical leaching for sites A, B, and C, physical separation process for site D, and chemical treatment process for sites E and F would be required to remediate the contaminated sites.
Study of mechanical properties, oxygen permeability and AFM topography of zein films plasticized by polyols

The use of plastic for packaging has grown extensively in recent years. In this context, biodegradable films can be a source of energy saving and an important issue for environmental protection. Zein protein (prolamin of corn) is one of the best biopolymers for edible film making and polyols are convenient plasticizers for biopolymers. Polyols (sorbitol, glycerol and mannitol) at three levels (0.5, 0.7 and 1g/g zein) were used as plasticizers and the tensile properties, oxygen permeability (OP) and AFM topography of zein films were studied. Films plasticized by sorbitol had a relatively higher ultimate tensile strength (UTS) than films containing glycerol and mannitol at low levels of plasticizers (0.25, 0.7g/g zein). There was no significant difference between the strain at break values (SB) of films plasticized by sorbitol and glycerol at low levels of plasticizers, while films plasticized by sorbitol had higher SB than the films containing glycerol and mannitol at a high level of plasticizer (1g/g zein). Pure zein films had low oxygen permeability (OP), and increasing the plasticizer level to 0.5g/g zein decreased OP values in films containing sorbitol and glycerol. Films containing sorbitol and mannitol had the lowest and highest OP values, respectively. AFM images were used to evaluate the surface morphology (qualitative parameter) and roughness (quantitative parameter) of zein films. Films plasticized by glycerol had smoother surfaces and a lower roughness parameter (Rq). No relationship between OP values and the roughness of the zein films was observed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Steric Stabilization of a Cellulose Microcrystal Suspension by Poly(ethylene glycol) Grafting

A sterically stabilized aqueous suspension of rodlike cellulose microcrystals was prepared by the combination of acid hydrolysis of native cellulose, oxidative carboxylation of microcrystals, and grafting of poly(ethylene glycol) having a terminal amino group on one end (PEG-NH2, MW = 1000) using water-soluble carbodiimide. Chemical binding of PEG to the microcrystals was confirmed by weight increase, diminishment of carboxyl groups, thermogravimetry, and infrared spectroscopy, resulting in consumption of 20−30% of the initially introduced carboxyl groups. The amount of bound PEG was 0.2−0.3 g/g of cellulose. The PEG-grafted cellulose microcrystals showed drastically enhanced dispersion stability, that is, resistance to addition of 2 M sodium chloride, and ability to redisperse into either water or chloroform from the freeze-dried state. The concentrated aqueous suspension of PEG-grafted microcrystals formed a chiral nematic mesophase through a phase separation similar to that of the ungrafted sample, but.