Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decision Memo for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ( CPAP ) Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea ( OSA ) ( CAG-00093 R 2 )

We remind the reader that Durable Medical Equipment, Prosthetics, Orthotics, and Supplies (DMEPOS) suppliers are required to provide beneficiaries with necessary information and instructions on how to use Medicare-covered items safely and effectively. 42 CFR 424.57(c)(12). Failure to meet this standard may result in revocation of the DMEPOS supplier’s billing privileges. 42 CFR 424.57(d). 2. CPAP for adults is covered when diagnosed using a clinical evaluation and a positive: a. polysomnography (PSG) performed in a sleep laboratory; or b. unattended home sleep monitoring device of Type II; or c. unattended home sleep monitoring device of Type III; or d. unattended home sleep monitoring device of Type IV, measuring at least three channels
Children’s early learning and development

Contents Glossary 4 Introduction 6 The legislative and policy context 7 Early learning and development 9 Socio-cultural learning and development 9 How should we conceptualise the child? 9 Equality and diversity 10 Active learning and meaning making 11 Relationships 13 Communication and language 16 The environment 18 Play 19 The whole child in context 20 Early childhood curriculum 22 Concluding comments 24 References 25 Appendix 1: Influences on early learning and development 30 Figure 1: Active learning cycle 13 4 Children's early learning and development Aistear: the Early Childhood Curriculum Framework Glossary Additional needs is a term which acknowledges that some children have additional individual needs such as those resulting from a disability or a specific learning difficulty or may have a continuing health condition that affects their life. Anthroposophy is a philosophy coined by Steiner, which rejected Judeo-Christian theology in favour of the mystical, spiritual insights of human beings. Anti-discriminatory practice involves valuing children, protecting them from discrimination, challenging discriminatory practices, and providing positive models and images for children from a young age. Assimilation and accommodation are aspects of Piaget's theory. In assimilation, children match information, concepts, and skills arising from interaction with the environment with previously formed mental structures. Accommodation, on the other hand, requires that children modify structures in order to make sense of the new infor mation or concepts, or to represent new skills. Constructivism is the psychological theory emanating from Piaget, Vygotsky and others, which proposes that humans construct their own knowledge, intelligence and morality through a series of stages and often in collaboration with others. Critical or sensitive periods are windows of opportunity in time, where a child is most receptive to learn with the least amount of effort. Culture infers an identity which everyone has, based on a number of factors from memories, ethnic identity, family attitudes to child rearing, class, money, religious or other celebrations, or division of family roles according to gender or age. Culture evolves for individuals and communities. Development is the process by which a person changes and grows over time, influenced by both experiences and physiological changes. It has two dimensions: normative (following a prescribed pattern) and dynamic (depending on time and experience). Developmentally appropriate practice is educational practice that embraces children's developmental stages. This term has been criticised in the past because it is based on universal laws of development, emerging from a Western ideology, and without …
Role of Imaging in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Role of Imaging in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Figure 1. Nodules detected by US could be hypo-echoic, hyper-echoic, or mixed-echoic patterns. These nodules need confirmation by other diagnostic test. is about 65-80%, and specificity is about 90%. However, sensitivity and specificity of US are lower in diffuse nodular cirrhotic livers, and in obese patients with fatty liver and cirrhosis. In spite of some weakness, US is superior to any of the serological tests, and is a recommendation of choice for surveillance for HCC. Nodules detected by US could be hypo-echoic, hyperechoic, or mixed-echoic patterns (Figure 1). Once the nodule of at least 1 cm is detected by US, it needs confirmation by other diagnostic test.
Ordinal-Contextual Dissimilarity for Analysis of Heros in Tragedies

One 1 of the goals of a literary analysis of the tragedies is to identify the relationships among the heroes. We aim to provide computational tools which can help in this task. Ideally, this analysis would be based on the raw text. Instead, we rely on tables extracted by researchers from the text which summarize objectively the qualities of each hero from three famous classic stories in the available sources: Trojan War from the Homer’s Iliad, Julius Caesar from the Shakespeare’s play, and knights in the Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, a Persian epic story. We develop a statistical analysis for identifying clusters (groups) among a group of characters in a story starting from such tables with ordinal data. We define the Ordinal-Contextual (OC) similarity (or equivalently the OC dissimilarity) as a linguistically meaningful and context-based similarity (or dissimilarity) for ordinal data. Using classical multidimensional scaling, we represent the heroes in 2-D space and cluster the heroes using the affinity propagation technique. Overall, this analysis turns out to confirm and add quantitative validity to the hypothesis that the rival heroes in these classic tragedies who constitute the core of the tragedy are similar and distinguishable from the other heroes.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Wildlife Accident Mitigation Installations with the Wildlife Accident Reporting System (Wars) in British Columbia

The British Columbia Ministry of Transportation (BC MoT) administers the Wildlife Accident Reporting System (WARS), a database designed to collect and analyze information on wildlife killed on provincial highways. Over 70,000 wild animal accidents have been recorded in the WARS database since 1978. More than 90 percent of the accidents involve large ungulates, primarily deer, moose and elk. Since the mid-1980’s, BC MoT has invested heavily in wildlife exclusion fencing and wildlife warning reflectors in an effort to reduce the number of ungulate- related motor vehicle accidents on provincial highways. To better focus its resources and stem the rising societal cost of human fatalities and injuries, motor vehicle damage, highway clean-up, and lost wildlife value, BC MoT is using the WARS database to identify problem wildlife accident locations and investigate the effectiveness of existing wildlife accident mitigation installations. As part of the effectiveness investigation, the performance of Swarflex and Strieter-Lite wildlife warning reflectors is being assessed. Research findings on the fundamental spectrometric and photometric characteristics of the reflectors raise questions regarding how wildlife warning reflectors may influence ungulate roadside behavior, and which reflector designs and installation configurations may be best suited for highway applications.
Pengelolaan Pembelajaran Paud

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan (1) perencanaan pembelajaran di TK A Nurur Ra’uf Tlagah pamekasan, (2) pelaksanaan pembelajaran, dan (3) Penilaian pembelajarannya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di TK A Nurur Ra’uf Tlagah pamekasan. Desain penelitian ini adalah etnografi . Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah informan yang terdiri atas pengelola, pendidik, dan siswa di TK A Nurur Ra’uf. Sumber data juga diperoleh dari data-data prota, promes, (RPPM) dan (RPPH) yang diperoleh dari lembaga TK ketika peneliti melakukan wawancara dan observasi di lapangan. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model analisis interaktif, yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan. Validitas data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik validitas internal dan trianggulasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) Silabus pembelajaran PAUD dituangkan dalam bentuk perencanaan semester, perencanaan mingguan dan perencanaan harian/pertemuan. Perencanaan itu dilakukan dengan memperhatikan tingkat perkembangan, kebutuhan, minat dan karakteristik anak didik, dan aspek-aspek perkembangan meliputi nilai-nilai agama dan moral, motorik, kognitif, bahasa dan sosial-emosional. (2) P elaksanaan pembelajaran di TK A Nurur Ra’uf dimulai dengan (a) happy morning, (b) kegiatan pembiasaan, (c) transisi, (d) pijakan lingkungan, (e) pijakan sebelum main, (f) pijakan selama main, (g) pijakan setelah main, (h) pengenalan salat, dan (i) penutup. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran menggunakan metode bermain sambil belajar melalui pembelajaran kelas sentra dengan pendekatan Beyond Center and Circle Time (BCCT), dan metode tanya jawab, cerita, bermain peran atau praktik langsung lapangan. Kegiatan dilakukan dalam suasana bermain yang nyaman, aman, bersih, dan sehat. (3) Penilaian pembelajaran di TK A Nurur Ra’uf dilakukan dengan observasi setiap saat tidak selama KBM berlangsung sampai selesai pembelajaran. melalui pengamatan, pencatatan anekdot, dan portofolio.
Optimisation of osmotic dehydration of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango fruit

Summary Osmotic dehydration of mango in sucrose solution as influenced by temperature (30–50 °C), immersion time (60–150 min) and solution concentration (40–60% w/w) was studied through response surface methodology. Responses of water loss and solid gain were fitted to polynomials, with multiple correlation coefficients ranging from 0.72 to 0.95, respectively. The fitted functions were optimised for maximum water loss and minimised incorporation of solids in order to obtain a product resembling non-processed fruit. Optimum conditions to obtain water removal >25% with solid uptake lower than 6% could be obtained using a 44% (w/w) sucrose solution concentration, temperatures up to 38 °C and immersion times up to 80 min.
Validation of age determination using otoliths of the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L.) in the Bay of Biscay

Validation of the age determination procedure using otoliths of European anchovy in the Bay of Biscay was achieved by monitoring very strong year-classes in successive spring catches and surveys, as well as the seasonal occurrence of edge types. Historical corroboration of the ageing method was obtained by cross-correlation between successive age groups by year-classes in catches and surveys (1987–2013). Summary annual growth in length is also presented. Yearly annuli consist of a hyaline zone (either single or composite) and a wide opaque zone, disrupted occasionally by some typical checks (mainly at age-0 and age-1 at peak spawning time). Age determination, given a date of capture, requires knowledge of the typical annual growth pattern of otoliths, their seasonal edge formation by ages and the most typical checks. Most opaque growth occurs in summer and is minimal (translucent) in winter. Opaque zone formation begins earlier in younger fish (in spring), and this helps distinguish age-1 from age-2+.
Performance of non-recessed hole-entry hybrid journal bearing operating under turbulent regime

The effect of turbulent flow on non-recessed hole-entry hybrid journal bearing system has been investigated numerically. For turbulent flow of lubricant in compensated hole-entry hybrid journal bearing by CFV, the Reynolds equation has been modified and solved using finite element method. The performance characteristics parameters of bearing have been presented for different values of Reynolds numbers. The bearing provides the higher values of minimum fluid film thickness and fluid film stiffness coefficients for constant restrictor design parameter when bearing operates under turbulent regime than laminar regime.
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Cinnamomum Iners Leaf and Bark Extracts Against Pathogens of Food Borne Diseases

In general, food borne diseases may arise from the consumption of contaminated food due to microbials. belongs to the family of Lauraceae which used as traditional herb to cure fever and digestive problem. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of leaf and bark extracted with ethanol, acetone and water. Two different concentrations (15 and 30µg) were used to compare the antimicrobial activity using in vitro disc diffusion zone. Five bacterial strains such Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeroginosa and three fungal strains namely Trichophyton rubrum, Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans were used. Bark extracts of C.iners exhibited higher inhibition zone against bacterial strains. Our present study concludes that bark extracts could be potential source to inhibit wide range of micro organisms than leaf extracts of C.iners. In the present study, both leaf and bark extracts of C.iners were prepared in various organic solvents and screened for antibacterial and anti fungal activity with two different concentrations (15 and 30µg). The results were summarized in the (Table 1). The inhibitory activities of the C.iners extracts were compared with the standards.
THE EFFECTS OF TRANSIENTS ON PHOTOSPHERIC AND CHROMOSPHERIC POWER DISTRIBUTIONS

We have observed a quiet-Sun region with the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope equipped with the CRISP Imaging SpectroPolarimeter. High-resolution, high-cadence, Hα line scanning images were taken to observe different layers of the solar atmosphere from the photosphere to upper chromosphere. We study the distribution of power in different period bands at different heights. Power maps of the upper photosphere and the lower chromosphere show suppressed power surrounding the magnetic-network elements, known as “magnetic shadows. ” These also show enhanced power close to the photosphere, traditionally referred to as “power halos. ” The interaction between acoustic waves and inclined magnetic fields is generally believed to be responsible for these two effects. In this study we explore whether small-scale transients can influence the distribution of power at different heights. We show that the presence of transients, like mottles, Rapid Blueshifted Excursions (RBEs), and Rapid Redshifted Excursions (RREs), can strongly influence the power maps. The short and finite lifetime of these events strongly affects all power maps, potentially influencing the observed power distribution. We show that Doppler-shifted transients like RBEs and RREs that occur ubiquitously can have a dominant effect on the formation of the power halos in the quiet Sun. For magnetic shadows, transients like mottles do not seem to have a significant effect on the power suppression around 3 minutes, and wave interaction may play a key role here. Our high-cadence observations reveal that flows, waves, and shocks manifest in the presence of magnetic fields to form a nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic system.
Techniques to improve the retrieval efficiency and usability of G-Bean

The amount of biomedical literature is increasing exponentially with the rapid growth in the biomedical research, which makes finding relevant biomedical articles a huge burden for researchers. Nowadays, most biomedical researchers use NCBI’s PubMed system to search the MEDLINE database, which is the largest bibliographical information source for life science and biomedical information. However, studies have shown that using PubMed remains a challenge for users, especially for non-expert users. It is challenging for non-expert users to find the documents pertaining to their individual interests because such users lack the domain knowledge needed to form appropriate query statements in PubMed. Developing a search engine which can help the user find relevant biomedical documents that match his/her query intention is an imperative task. Previously, G-Bean, a graph based biomedical search engine has been developed for biomedical document retrieval from MEDLINE database. G-Bean is powered by an ontology-graph based query expansion scheme. The user query is expanded with relevant concepts in the ontology graph, which yields more accurate search results. To enhance the retrieval performance of G-Bean, we first propose a pseudo relevance feedback (PRF) strategy which improves the ontology-graph based query expansion algorithm with a new semantic graph based term extraction approach. Given a user query, the ontology-graph based query expansion scheme expands query terms to retrieve a set of more accurate initial search results. More relevant (pertinent) concepts are extracted from the top-ranked documents based on the importance and the informative-ness of concepts, aiming at capturing the user search intention more accurately and retrieving articles more related to the query terms. The extracted concepts are combined with the user query to help retrieve documents that satisfy the user’s information need. We use 10-fold cross validation technique to evaluate the performance of the proposed pseudo relevance feedback strategy. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed strategy im-
An Effective Fault Feature Extraction Method for Gas Turbine Generator System Diagnosis

Fault diagnosis is very important to maintain the operation of a gas turbine generator system (GTGS) in power plants, where any abnormal situations will interrupt the electricity supply. The fault diagnosis of the GTGS faces the main challenge that the acquired data, vibration or sound signals, contain a great deal of redundant information which extends the fault identification time and degrades the diagnostic accuracy. To improve the diagnostic performance in the GTGS, an effective fault feature extraction framework is proposed to solve the problem of the signal disorder and redundant information in the acquired signal. The proposed framework combines feature extraction with a general machine learning method, support vector machine (SVM), to implement an intelligent fault diagnosis. The feature extraction method adopts wavelet packet transform and time-domain statistical features to extract the features of faults from the vibration signal. To further reduce the redundant information in extracted features, kernel principal component analysis is applied in this study. Experimental results indicate that the proposed feature extracted technique is an effective method to extract the useful features of faults, resulting in improvement of the performance of fault diagnosis for the GTGS.
Light Scattering and Current Enhancement for Microcrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells on Aluminium-Induced Texture Glass Superstrates with Double Texture

Microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) thin-film solar cells are processed on glass superstrates having both micro- and nanoscale surface textures. The microscale texture is realised at the glass surface, using the aluminium-induced texturing (AIT) method, which is an industrially feasible process enabling a wide range of surface feature sizes (i.e., 700 nm–3 μm) of the textured glass. The nanoscale texture is made by conventional acid etching of the sputter-deposited transparent conductive oxide (TCO). The influence of the resulting “double texture” on the optical scattering is investigated by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) (studying the surface topology), haze measurements (studying scattering into air), and short-circuit current enhancement measurements (studying scattering into silicon). A predicted enhanced optical scattering efficiency is experimentally proven by a short-circuit current enhancement of up to 1.6 mA/cm2 (7.7% relative increase) compared to solar cells fabricated on a standard superstrate, that is, planar glass covered with nanotextured TCO. Enhancing the autocorrelation length (or feature size) of the AIT superstrates might have the large potential to improve the μc-Si:H thin-film solar cell efficiency, by reducing the shunting probability of the device while maintaining a high optical scattering performance.
Numerical Modeling of the Measure of Global Environmental Needs with Applications Laser-LIDAR

The functions of Bessel are used extensively in the various problems of the science and the technology. A laser offers practical remote sensing technologies for measuring environmental changes on both global and local scales. We describe a computer model that was developed to simulate the performance of three-dimensional (3D) laser radars (lidars). The principle of the problem consists in interpreting information on the absorption of the laser impulse in a spectral line assigned to the chemical body that one studied. Our purpose is to estimate the vertical variation of extinction and atmospheric transmission due to aerosol particles near the air-geographical surface interface. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by computer simulation.
Traffic and climate change impacts on water quality: Measuring build-up and wash-off of heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons

Understanding the impacts of traffic and climate change on water quality helps decision makers to develop better policy and plans for dealing with unsustainable urban and transport development. This chapter presents detailed methodologies developed for sample collection and testing for heavy metals and total petroleum hydrocarbons, as part of a research study to investigate the impacts of climate change and changes to urban traffic characteristics on pollutant build-up and wash-off from urban road surfaces. Cadmium, chromium, nickel, copper, lead, iron, aluminium, manganese and zinc were the target heavy metals, and selected gasoline and diesel range organics were the target total petroleum hydrocarbons for this study. The study sites were selected to encompass the urban traffic characteristics of the Gold Coast region, Australia. An improved sample collection method referred to as ‘the wet and dry vacuum system’ for the pollutant build-up, and an effective wash-off plan to incorporate predicted changes to rainfall characteristics due to climate change, were implemented. The novel approach to sample collection for pollutant build-up helped to maintain the integrity of collection efficiency. The wash-off plan helped to incorporate the predicted impacts of climate change in the Gold Coast region. The robust experimental methods developed will help in field sample collection and chemical testing of different stormwater pollutants in build-up and wash-off.
Transitioning out of Unemployment: Analysis Using the ABS Longitudinal Labour Force Survey File*

What affects the probability that an individual who has just entered unemployment finds employment within a given timeframe? Does the probability of exiting unemployment depend on the length of the individual’s unemployment spell? This paper reflects on these questions and analyses the transitions from unemployment of those aged 20-65 years, over the 2008-2010 period. The analysis makes use of the ABS Longitudinal Labour Force Survey (LLFS) file – a dataset that includes households that were followed for eight consecutive months during the said period. This paper is the first longitudinal analysis conducted on the file.Building on the job-search theoretical framework, the paper builds a model aimed at analysing the factors that influence transitions from unemployment. A range of methodological techniques are implemented, including the creation of time intervals and the subsequent discrete duration analysis; the adoption of the competing-risks framework, to account for the different forms of exits from unemployment; and the inclusion of random effects in the modelling of the observed as well as unobserved heterogeneity.