Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-&ggr; Agonists Prevent Tumor Necrosis Factor-&agr;-Mediated Inhibition of FSH-Induced Follicle Development and Estradiol Production in a Preantral Follicle Culture System

Abstract: Although 60–80% of the women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) ovulate with clomiphene citrate (CC), the rest are CC-resistant. Recently, the use of insulin-sensitizing agents such as metformin and pioglitazone have been proposed for inducing ovulation in CC-resistant women with PCOS, and we have reported that administration of bezafibrate, a lipid-lowering fibrate, in addition to CC, successfully induced ovulation in CC-resistant women with PCOS and dyslipidemia. Both pioglitazone and bezafibrate are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-&ggr; (PPAR-&ggr;) agonists. This paper reviews the evidence for the direct effects of the drugs, which are PPAR-&ggr; agonists, on follicle development and steroidogenesis, collected using an in vitro mouse preantral follicle culture system. We used the in vitro follicle culture system with the addition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-&agr;), which plays a role in insulin resistance, as a model for studying follicle development in women with PCOS. TNF-&agr; inhibited FSH-induced follicle development and steroidogenesis in the follicle culture system. Both pioglitazone and bezafibrate prevented TNF-&agr;mediated inhibition of FSH-induced follicle development and steroidogenesis through the PPAR-&ggr;-stimulating pathway. Our results suggest that insulin-sensitizing drugs, especially PPAR-&ggr; agonists, may directly influence follicle development and steroidogenesis in women with PCOS.
Circulating cavity magnon polaritons

We predict magnon-polariton states circulating unidirectionally in a microwave cavity when loaded by a number of magnets on special lines. Realistic finite-element numerical simulations, including dielectric, time-dependent, and nonlinear effects, confirm the validity of the approximations of a fully analytical input-output model. We find that a phased antenna array can focus all power into a coherent microwave beam with controlled direction and an intensity that scales with the number of magnets.
Comparative Study Of Anthraquinones From Embryogenic Callus Tissue And Zygotic Embryos Of Frangula Alnus And Rhamnus Catharticus

Organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis were achieved in cotyledon cultures of Frangula alnus Mill. (alder buckthorn) and Rhamnus catharticus L. (common buckthorn), and in zygotic embryo cultures of F. alnus. Histological examination of cotyledonary segment cultures revealed that adventitious buds and somatic embryos arose indirectly through an intervening callus phase. In comparison to zygotic embryos, embriogenic callus of Frangula alnus contained significantly more anthraquinones in the form of free aglycones and different participation of chrysophanol and physcion within synthesized complex of metabolites. Also, in comparison to shoots, root cultures and in particular undifferentiated callus of Frangula alnus, embryogenic callus contained more chysophanol and aloe emodin and less physcion derivatives. Production of physcion derivatives was significantly increased in embryogenic calluses of R. catharticus compared to zygotic embryos. On the other hand, the emodin content was lower than in zygotic embryos. In comparison to shoot, root cultures and in particular undifferentiated callus of common buckthorn, embryogenic callus contained significantly more derivatives of physcion and emodin. The content of chrysophanol and its derivatives was decreased proportionally.
Indoor and Outdoor Physical Channel Modeling and Efficient Positioning for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in mmWave Bands

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted communication appears as one of the potential enablers for sixth generation (6G) wireless networks by providing a new degree of freedom in the system design to telecom operators. Particularly, RIS-empowered millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems can be a remedy to provide broadband and ubiquitous connectivity. This paper aims to fill an important gap in the open literature by providing a physical, accurate, open-source, and widely applicable RIS channel model for mmWave frequencies. Our model is not only applicable in various indoor and outdoor environments but also includes the physical characteristics of wireless propagation in the presence of RISs by considering 5G radio channel conditions. Various deployment scenarios are presented for RISs and useful insights are provided for system designers from the perspective of potential RIS use-cases and their efficient positioning. The scenarios in which the use of an RIS makes a big difference or might not have a big impact on the communication system performance, are revealed. The open-source and comprehensive SimRIS Channel Simulator is also introduced in this paper.
Nonminimal dyons with regular gravitational, electric and axion fields

We consider the distribution of the axionic dark matter and the profiles of the axionically induced electric field on the background of a regular magnetic monopole. The background static spherically symmetric spacetime is considered to be regular at the center of the object and has no event horizons, the nonminimal interaction of strong gravitational and monopole type magnetic fields being the source, which provides this regularity. We assume that the pseudoscalar (axion) field also is nonminimally coupled to the electromagnetic and gravitational fields, and we search for solutions to the extended equations of nonminimal axion electrostatics, which satisfy two requirements: first, the axionically induced radial electric field vanishes at the center; second, the pseudoscalar field is regular at the center of the formed axionic dyon. We have found the set of parameters, describing the nonminimal axion-photon coupling, for which both requirements are satisfied. Properties of the two-parameter family of regular solutions to the equations of nonminimal axion electrostatics are analyzed numerically. The regular axionically induced electric field is shown to have the structure, which is typical for a simple electric layer.
Modulational Instability of Ion-Acoustic Waves and Associated Envelope Solitons in a Multi-Component Plasma

A generalized plasma model with inertial warm ions, inertialess iso-thermal electrons, super-thermal electrons and positrons is considered to theoretically investigate the modulational instability (MI) of ion-acoustic waves (IAWs). A standard nonlinear Schrödinger equation is derived by applying the reductive perturbation method. It is observed that the stable domain of the IAWs decreases with ion temperature but increases with electron temperature. It is also found that the stable domain increases by increasing (decreasing) the electron (ion) number density. The present results will be useful in understanding the conditions for MI of IAWs which are relevant to both space and laboratory plasmas.
Effects of the Hubble parameter on the cosmic growth of the first quasars

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) play a crucial role in the evolution of galaxies and are currently detected up to $z$ ∼ 7.5. Theories describing black hole (BH) growth are challenged by how rapidly seeds with initial mass $M_\bullet \lesssim 10^5 \, {\rm M_\odot }$, formed at $z$ ∼ 20–30, grew to $M_\bullet \sim 10^9 \, {\rm M_\odot }$ by $z$ ∼ 7. Here we study the effects of the value of the Hubble parameter, H0, on models describing the early growth of BHs. First, we note that the predicted mass of a quasar at $z$ = 6 changes by $\gt 300{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ if the underlying Hubble parameter used in the model varies from H0 = 65 to H0 = 74 km s−1Mpc−1, a range encompassing current estimates. Employing an MCMC approach based on priors from $z$ ≳ 6.5 quasars and on H0, we study the interconnection between H0 and the parameters describing BH growth: seed mass Mi and Eddington ratio fEdd. Assuming an Eddington ratio of fEdd = 0.7, in agreement with previous estimates, we find $H_0 = 73.6^{+1.2}_{-3.3}$ km s−1Mpc−1. In a second analysis, allowing all the parameters to vary freely, we find log (Mi/M⊙) > 4.5 (at 95 per cent CL), $H_0 = 74^{+1.5}_{-1.4}$ km s−1Mpc−1 and $f_{\rm Edd}=0.77^{+0.035}_{-0.026}$ at 68 per cent CL. Our results on the typical Eddington ratio are in agreement with previous estimates. Current values of the Hubble parameter strongly favour heavy seed formation scenarios, with $M_i \gtrsim 10^4 \, {\rm M_\odot }$. In our model, with the priors on BH masses of quasars used, light seed formation scenarios are rejected at ∼3σ.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Empowered Underlaying Device-to-Device Communication

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) are a new and revolutionary technology to achieve spectrum-, energy- and cost-efficient wireless networks. This paper studies the resource allocation for RIS-empowered device-to-device (D2D) communication underlaying a cellular network, in which an RIS is employed to enhance desired signals and suppress interference between paired D2D and cellular links. We maximize the sum rate of D2D users and cellular users by jointly optimizing the resource reuse indicators, the transmit power and the RIS’s passive beamforming. To solve the formulated non-convex problem, we first propose an efficient user-pairing scheme based on relative channel strength to determine the resource reuse indicators. Then, the transmit power and the RIS’s passive beamforming are jointly optimized by an iterative algorithm, based on the techniques of alternating optimization, successive convex approximation, Lagrangian dual transform and quadratic transform. Numerical results show that the proposed design outperforms the traditional D2D network without RIS.
A quest for a fair schedule: The Young Physicists' Tournament

The Young Physicists Tournament is an established team-oriented scientific competition between high school students from 37 countries on 5 continents. The competition consists of scientific discussions called Fights. Three or four teams participate in each Fight, each of whom presents a problem while rotating the roles of Presenter, Opponent, Reviewer, and Observer among them. The rules of a few countries require that each team announce in advance 3 problems they will present at the national tournament. The task of the organizers is to choose the composition of Fights in such a way that each team presents each of its chosen problems exactly once and within a single Fight no problem is presented more than once. Besides formalizing these feasibility conditions, in this paper we formulate several additional fairness conditions for tournament schedules. We show that the fulfillment of some of them can be ensured by constructing suitable edge colorings in bipartite graphs. To find fair schedules, we propose integer linear programs and test them on real as well as randomly generated data.
Accelerating Ultrafast Spectroscopy with Compressive Sensing

Ultrafast spectroscopy is an important tool for studying photoinduced dynamical processes in atoms, molecules, and nanostructures. Typically, the time to perform these experiments ranges from several minutes to hours depending on the choice of spectroscopic method. It is desirable to reduce this time overhead to not only to shorten time and laboratory resources, but also to make it possible to examine fragile specimens which quickly degrade during long experiments. In this article, we motivate using compressive sensing to significantly shorten data acquisition time by reducing the total number of measurements in ultrafast spectroscopy. We apply this technique to experimental data from ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy and ultrafast terahertz spectroscopy and show that good estimates can be obtained with as low as 15% of the total measurements, implying a 6-fold reduction in data acquisition time.
CompGuessWhat?!: A Multi-task Evaluation Framework for Grounded Language Learning

Approaches to Grounded Language Learning are commonly focused on a single task-based final performance measure which may not depend on desirable properties of the learned hidden representations, such as their ability to predict object attributes or generalize to unseen situations. To remedy this, we present GroLLA, an evaluation framework for Grounded Language Learning with Attributes based on three sub-tasks: 1) Goal-oriented evaluation; 2) Object attribute prediction evaluation; and 3) Zero-shot evaluation. We also propose a new dataset CompGuessWhat? as an instance of this framework for evaluating the quality of learned neural representations, in particular with respect to attribute grounding. To this end, we extend the original GuessWhat? dataset by including a semantic layer on top of the perceptual one. Specifically, we enrich the VisualGenome scene graphs associated with the GuessWhat? images with several attributes from resources such as VISA and ImSitu. We then compare several hidden state representations from current state-of-the-art approaches to Grounded Language Learning. By using diagnostic classifiers, we show that current models’ learned representations are not expressive enough to encode object attributes (average F1 of 44.27). In addition, they do not learn strategies nor representations that are robust enough to perform well when novel scenes or objects are involved in gameplay (zero-shot best accuracy 50.06%).
Role of Invertebrate Prey Abundance on Waterbird Distribution Across Rice Field Growth Stages in Western Kenya

Abstract The global decline in natural wetland cover has enhanced the importance of artificial wetlands, such as rice fields, as waterbird habitats. In this study, relationships of waterbird assemblages, in terms of abundance, diversity and spatial distribution to their invertebrate prey, were investigated across rice paddy fields at various growth stages in western Kenya. Waterbirds were first grouped as large or small waders and prey items as aquatic or non-aquatic. Waterbird assemblage patterns were then tested against prey abundance across three rice growth stages. Overall, waterbirds were most abundant in the middle stages of rice growth (F 2,732 = 3.304, P = 0.041). The most common large waterbirds were in the Ardeidae and Threskiornithidae families, while the most common and abundant small waterbirds were in the Charadriidae and Scolopacidae families. Most small waterbirds were present in the early rice growth stages, while most large waterbirds were present in the middle stages of rice growth. Species diversity differed significantly by rice growth stage among the large but not the small waterbirds (F 2,52= 4.505, P = 0.025). Abundance of small waterbirds was affected more by diversity than by abundance of their prey (R = 0.771, P = 0.034), suggesting a selective feeding strategy that may be driven by frequent mobility or density-dependent dispersal pressures during flooded-field phases. Conversely, large waterbirds were more abundant in more prey-dense areas regardless of prey diversity (R = 0.886, P = 0.024), reflecting a more opportunistic feeding strategy, exploiting both flooded and dry field stages. This strategy explained the wider spatial distribution of large waterbirds. Because of their wide selection of prey type, large waterbirds potentially play a greater role in controlling ground-level rice pests across all rice growth stages. Field management options that favor presence of large waterbirds may enhance this ecological role of natural rice pest control.
Intergalactic filaments spin

Matter in the Universe is arranged in a cosmic web, with a filament of matter typically connecting each neighbouring galaxy pair, separated by tens of millions of light-years. A quadrupolar pattern of the spin field around filaments is known to influence the spins of galaxies and haloes near them, but it remains unknown whether filaments themselves spin. Here, we measure dark matter velocities around filaments in cosmological simulations, finding that matter generally rotates around them, much faster than around a randomly located axis. It also exhibits some coherence along the filament. The net rotational component is comparable to, and often dominant over, the known quadrupolar flow. The evidence of net rotations revises previous emphasis on a quadrupolar spin field around filaments. The full picture of rotation in the cosmic web is more complicated and multiscale than a network of spinning filamentary rods, but we argue that filament rotation is substantial enough to be an essential part of the picture. It is likely that the longest coherently rotating objects in the Universe are filaments. Also, we speculate that this rotation could provide a mechanism to generate or amplify intergalactic magnetic fields in filaments.
Ear2Face: Deep Biometric Modality Mapping

In this paper, we explore the correlation between different visual biometric modalities. For this purpose, we present an end-to-end deep neural network model that learns a mapping between the biometric modalities. Namely, our goal is to generate a frontal face image of a subject given his/her ear image as the input. We formulated the problem as a paired image-to-image translation task and collected datasets of ear and face image pairs from the Multi-PIE and FERET datasets to train our GAN-based models. We employed feature reconstruction and style reconstruction losses in addition to adversarial and pixel losses. We evaluated the proposed method both in terms of reconstruction quality and in terms of person identification accuracy. To assess the generalization capability of the learned mapping models, we also run cross-dataset experiments. That is, we trained the model on the FERET dataset and tested it on the Multi-PIE dataset and vice versa. We have achieved very promising results, especially on the FERET dataset, generating visually appealing face images from ear image inputs. Moreover, we attained a very high cross-modality person identification performance, for example, reaching 90.9% Rank-10 identification accuracy on the FERET dataset.
Higher‐Order Nonclassicality in Photon Added and Subtracted Qudit States

Higher‐order nonclassical properties of r photon added and t photon subtracted qudit states (referred to as rPAQS and tPSQS, respectively) are investigated here to answer: How addition and subtraction of photon can be used to engineer higher‐order nonclassical properties of qudit states? To obtain the answer, higher‐order moment of relevant bosonic field operators is first obtained and subsequently used to study the higher‐order nonclassical properties (e.g., higher‐order antibunching, higher‐order squeezing, and higher‐order sub‐Poissonian photon statistics) of the corresponding states. These witnesses establish that rPAQS and tPSQS are highly nonclassical. To quantitatively establish this observation and to make a comparison between rPAQS and tPSQS, volumes of the negative part of Wigner function are computed. Finally, for the sake of verifiability of the obtained results, optical tomograms are also reported. Throughout the study, a particular type of qudit state named as a new generalized binomial state is used as an example.
Maximally entangled correlation sets

We study the set of quantum correlations generated by actions on maximally entangled states. We show that such correlations are dense in their own convex hull. As a consequence, we show that these correlations are dense in the set of synchronous quantum correlations. We introduce the concept of corners of correlation sets and show that every local or nonsignalling correlation can be realized as the corner of a synchronous local or nonsignalling correlation. We provide partial results for other correlation sets.
General anesthesia reduces complexity and temporal asymmetry of the informational structures derived from neural recordings in 
Drosophila

We apply techniques from the field of computational mechanics to evaluate the statistical complexity of neural recording data from fruit flies. First, we connect statistical complexity to the flies' level of conscious arousal, which is manipulated by general anesthesia (isoflurane). We show that the complexity of even single channel time series data decreases under anesthesia. The observed difference in complexity between the two states of conscious arousal increases as higher orders of temporal correlations are taken into account. We then go on to show that, in addition to reducing complexity, anesthesia also modulates the informational structure between the forward- and reverse-time neural signals. Specifically, using three distinct notions of temporal asymmetry we show that anesthesia reduces temporal asymmetry on information-theoretic and information-geometric grounds. In contrast to prior work, our results show that: (1) Complexity differences can emerge at very short timescales and across broad regions of the fly brain, thus heralding the macroscopic state of anesthesia in a previously unforeseen manner, and (2) that general anesthesia also modulates the temporal asymmetry of neural signals. Together, our results demonstrate that anesthetized brains become both less structured and more reversible.
Unidimensional and Multidimensional Methods for Recurrence Quantification Analysis with crqa

Recurrence quantification analysis is a widely used method for characterizing patterns in time series. This article presents a comprehensive survey for conducting a wide range of recurrence-based analyses to quantify the dynamical structure of single and multivariate time series, and to capture coupling properties underlying leader-follower relationships. The basics of recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) and all its variants are formally introduced step-by-step from the simplest auto-recurrence to the most advanced multivariate case. Importantly, we show how such RQA methods can be deployed under a single computational framework in R using a substantially renewed version our crqa 2.0 package. This package includes implementations of several recent advances in recurrence-based analysis, among them applications to multivariate data, and improved entropy calculations for categorical data. We show concrete applications of our package to example data, together with a detailed description of its functions and some guidelines on their usage.
Study of the effects of magnetic braking on the lithium abundances of the Sun and solar-type stars

We are pleased to acknowledge Jieun Choi her kindness in responding to the different questions about her work which were aimed to reproduce the results obtained as far as Li is concerned, and also for allowing us access to the MESA files she used. Also we very much appreciate the expert support provided by Elisa Delgado-Mena during the process review of this document. Similarly, we wish also to thank Matteo Cantiello and Bill Paxton for their very valuable support in the development of the MB routine in MESA. Finally, we wish to acknowledge the generous work and help offered by the MESA community. The authors acknowledge funding support from Spanish public funds (including FEDER funds) for research under projects ESP2017-87676-C5-2-R and ESP2017-87676-C5-5-R. JCS also acknowledges support from project RYC-2012-09913 under the 'Ramon y Cajal' program of the "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion".