Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survey Of Methods To Assess Workload

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Research on automatic generating test case method based on UML activity diagram

Based on UML activity diagram,the system test method was described.Aiming at activity diagram semi-formal speciality,the activity diagram formal specification and the definition of test coverage rules were given. Then the permutation of intercurrent activity was analyzed. The interactive method between tester and computer enhanced the restriction of arithmetic on generating test scenario, reduced the number of testing scenario, promoted the feasibility of automatic generating test case. At last,how to get test case from test scenario was discussed. Thereby automatic generating test case from UML activity diagram became systemic, feasible and effective.
Null subtraction imaging for small aperture phased array transducers

In medical ultrasound imaging phased array transducers are used for non-invasive imaging. For 3D intra-cardiac-echography technical borders are reached since blood vessel size limits the dimensions of the array. This dimensional limitation lowers lateral resolution. To solve part of the problem, non conventional ways of lateral resolution improvements are needed. For linear arrays R. Reeg [1] proposed null subtraction imaging (NSI), which resulted at best in 30 dB lower side lobes and a width reduction of up to 25 times for the main lobe. This is a non-linear image processing technique based on implementing multiple apodizations in post-processing. Three images are made from which one has a sharp drop to zero in the middle which can be exploited by subtracting it from the other images. This results in a improvement over a regular apodization scheme. To verify the technique for 2D phased array imaging, simulations are done using Field-II [2, 3] while taking array dimension into account. Measurements take place on an artiﬁcial phantom with evenly spaced line scatter targets. For the experiment a P4-l phased array transducer was used in combination with a Verasonics Vantage 256TMwhere a sub-aperture of 30 elements is used. The experiment is done on a CIRS 040GSE Phantom, where evenly spaced line scatter targets and lateral resolution targets are looked at. To form an image a simple delay-and-sum (DAS) algorithm was used. The eﬀect of NSI on the speckle in an image is also measured, where for normal developed speckle a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 1.91 is expected. Results for simulation were as expected with an average beamwidth reduction of 22.5 times and on average higher main lobe to side lobe ratio (MSR) of 33.4 dB for NSI imaging opposed to using a rectangular apodization. Experimentally an average beamwidth reduction of 5 times and an on average higher MSR of 20.5 dB are realised. The beamwidth reduction is lower then expected, this is due to rounding errors in the DAS algorithm, where data can only be delayed by integer elements. For the lateral scatter targets no extra targets can be distinguished when using NSI imaging opposed to rectangular apodization imaging, only the targets that where already visible show reduction in beamwidth and side lobe levels. When using NSI speckle SNR is reduced from 1.78 to on average 0.50 and seems to scale with energy present in the image. An hybrid image between the NSI image and rectangular apodization image is made to solve this. It results in reduced beamwidth, restored speckle SNR but the MSR is reduced. It can be concluded that the method works for phased array imaging under perfect conditions, the simulation. To get the full potential of the technique more research is needed towards the eﬀects of improper sampling. Which in this case resulted in less then ideal ’sharp’ drops, lowering the reduction in beamwidth. Also the reduced speckle needs further research to understand it well. Once this is all achieved the next step to 3D imaging can be made.
EFFECT OF SMALL-SIDED GAMES RULE CHANGES ON TIME SPENT IN DIFFERENT INTENSITY ZONES, FREQUENCY OF TECHNICAL ACTIONS AND DISTANCE COVERED DURING SOCCER TRAINING

Purpose: The efficacy of SSGs has been difficult to assess as researchers have used a wide-ranging number of players, pitch dimensions and game rules, making comparisons complicated. Therefore this study compared four SSG rules [one (SSG1T), two (SSG2T), three (SSG3T), and unlimited touches (SSGFT)] on time spent in different heart-rate (HR) intensity zones, frequency of technical actions and distance covered involving the starting 11 players and the reserve goalkeeper of a national soccer league team. Methods: The participants (age: 24.3±4.0 yr; height: 171.2±5.9 cm: weight: 61.9±7.4 kg) were measured for previously mentioned dependent variables during each SSG format. Results: Analysis found no significant difference among the four SSGs formats [F(3, 27) = 2.897, p = . 053] for time spent in the low-intensity zone, but significant differences were observed for time spent in moderate [F(3, 27) = 13.642, p = . 001] and high [F(3, 27) = 13.431, p = . 001] intensity zones. Significantly more time was spent in the high intensity zone [F(3, 27) = 13.431, p = . 001] when players performed SSG2T and SSGFT when compared SSG1T (p = .002 and p = .009) respectively. SSG1T induced most unsuccessful passing [F(3,27) = 500.498, p = . 001] but no differences was observed among SSG2T, SSG3T and SSGFT. SSG2T, SSG3T and SSG3T obtained significantly more shots on goal shots on goal [F(3,27) = 25.398, p = . 001], with SSGFT achieving higher numbers than the other three formats. There were no significant differences in goals scored (p = .537) and distance covered (p = 0.574) for all SSG formats. Conclusion: The main findings of this study revealed that all four SSG formats stimulated moderate to high heart rate intensities that could induce positive aerobic and anaerobic adaptations depending on frequency of technical actions and players’ skill level. Therefore coaches could select specific SSG formats to help players achieved intended intensity and technical objectives programmed for different phases of periodized training.
Gradient structure regulated plastic deformation mechanisms in polycrystalline nanotwinned copper

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the effects of grain size gradient and twin thickness gradient on uniaxial tensile deformation behaviors of gradient-structured polycrystalline copper. Simulation results reveal that there exist an inverse Hall–Petch effect and gradient structure regulated plastic deformation mechanisms. That is, the average flow stress of the gradient nanograined (GNG) model or the gradient nanotwinned (GNT) model decreases with decreasing the grain size or twin boundary (TB) spacing, exhibiting the breakdown in the Hall-Petch relationship when the grain size or TB spacing is smaller than a critical size. The dominant plastic deformation mechanism is found to transform from the grain boundary (GB)-mediated one to the dislocation-based counterpart with the increase of the applied strain in the GNG model. The TB migration and annihilation dominate the plastic deformation in the grains with small TB spacing; while in the grains with large TB spacing, the dislocation multiplication and cutting across TB are mainly responsible for accommodating the deformation in the GNT model. Furthermore, the gradient distribution of strain and incompatibility of deformation induced by GB or TB gradient distribution are observed by monitoring the microstructural evolution.
The Logical Perspective

McClelland and Rumelhart's Parallel Distributed Processing was the first book to present a definitive account of the newly revived connectionist/neural net paradigm for artificial intelligence and cognitive science. While Neural Computing Architectures addresses the same issues, there is little overlap in the research it reports. These 18 contributions provide a timely and informative overview and synopsis of both pioneering and recent European connectionist research. Several chapters focus on cognitive modeling; however, most of the work covered revolves around abstract neural network theory or engineering applications, bringing important complementary perspectives to currently published work in PDP.In four parts, chapters take up neural computing from the classical perspective, including both foundational and current work; the mathematical perspective (of logic, automata theory, and probability theory), presenting less well-known work in which the neuron is modeled as a logic truth function that can be implemented in a direct way as a silicon read only memory. They present new material both in the form of analytical tools and models and as suggestions for implementation in optical form, and summarize the PDP perspective in a single extended chapter covering PDP theory, application, and speculation in US research. Each part is introduced by the editor.
Enhancing model accuracy using Odometry for relative location

This study introduces a model that is called Odometry Aided System, which predicts a neighbor robot pose relative to local body-fixed coordinate system in relative location task. This new model is designed to be tolerant to lossy and bandwidth-limited communication channel. Odometry Aided System uses odometry to adopt various specific models of robots. By setting estimated pose of odometry to zero after each successful communication, odometry works as the buffer to compress velocity information into transformation matrix. With this mechanism, robots can delay transmission until getting ready to or try transmission until success. The data confirmed the effectiveness of predicting a maneuverable neighbor through communicating over a lossy and low-bandwidth channel. It also shows Odometry Aided System keeps the prediction reliable when the distance between robots is increasing. Odometry Aided System describes the relative motion of two robots in a more practical way without adding hardware or system load. It can be considered a new framework to solve the relative location problem.
Recent progress of the development of a long pulse 140GHz ECRH system on EAST

A long pulse ECRH system with a goal of 140GHz 4MW 100~1000s has been developed to meet the requirement of steady-state operation on EAST. Gycom gyrotrons are employed in the No.1 and No.3 systems, CPI gyrotrons are used in the No.2 and No.4 systems. The development of the two Gycom gyrotron systems has been finished. The first short pulse EC wave injection has been demonstrated successfully during the EAST 2015 Spring campaign. In the commissioning and operation towards steady-state operation, 0.4MW 100s has been injected to plasma successfully by using the No.1 system, 4.7keV 102s L-mode and 102s H-mode plasma have been achieved on EAST with the help of ECRH. Recently, a longest pulse of 0.55MW 1000s has been obtained based on calorimetric dummy load measurements on the No.3 gyrotron. The No.2 gyrotron also has been installed and partially tested, 500kW 80s has been demonstrated in the dummy load. The remaining No.4 gyrotron will be ready to test in 2018 or 2019. The whole 4MW system will be completed within two years. The 400s fully non-inductive H-mode operation would be expected in the next four years in the condition of fully tungsten diverter on EAST.
Correlation functions and boundary conditions in RCFT and three-dimensional topology

We give a general construction of correlation functions in rational conformal field theory on a possibly non-orientable surface with boundary in terms of 3-dimensional topological quantum field theory. The construction applies to any modular category. It is proved that these correlation functions obey modular and factorization rules. Structure constants are calculated and expressed in terms of the data of the modular category.
LOCAL FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVE OPERATORS METHOD FOR SOLVING NONLINEAR GAS DYNAMIC EQUATION OF FRACTIONAL ORDER

In this article, local fractional decomposition method (LFDM) is applied to obtain an analytical approximate solution of nonlinear time-fractional Gas dynamics equation. A new application of local fractional decomposition method (LFDM) was extended to derive analytical solutions in the form of a convergent series with easily computable components, requiring no linearization or small perturbation for this equation. The solutions obtained by LFDM have been shown to be reliable, simple and the method is an effective technique for strong nonlinear partial equations. AMS Subject Classification: 35R11, 26A33
Design of Metamaterials for Optics

First part of this dissertation studies the problem of designing metamaterial crystals with double negative effective properties for applications in optics by investigating the conditions necessary for generating novel dispersion properties in a metamaterial crystal with subwavelength microstructure. This provides novel optical properties created through local resonances tied to the geometry of the media in subwavelength regime. In the second part, this dissertation studies the representation formula used to describe band structures in photonic crystals with plasmonic inclusions. By using layer potential techniques, a magnetic dipole operator describing the tangential component of the electrical field generated by magnetic distribution is studied. Its compactness is proved and used to obtain the spectral representation formula for the magnetic field.
Overview: Real-Time Protocols for Browser-Based Applications

This document gives an overview and context of a protocol suite intended for use with real-time applications that can be deployed in browsers - "real time communication on the Web". It intends to serve as a starting and coordination point to make sure all the parts that are needed to achieve this goal are findable, and that the parts that belong in the Internet protocol suite are fully specified and on the right publication track. This document is an Applicability Statement - it does not itself specify any protocol, but specifies which other specifications WebRTC compliant implementations are supposed to follow. This document is a work item of the RTCWEB working group.
OAK4XAI: Model towards Out-Of-Box eXplainable Artificial Intelligence for Digital Agriculture

Recent machine learning approaches have been eﬀective in Artiﬁcial Intelligence (AI) applications. They produce robust results with a high level of accuracy. However, most of these techniques do not provide human-understandable explanations for supporting their results and decisions. They usually act as black boxes, and it is not easy to understand how decisions have been made. Explainable Artiﬁcial Intelligence (XAI), which has received much interest recently, tries to provide human-understandable explanations for decision-making and trained AI models. For instance, in digital agriculture, related domains often present pecu-liar or input features with no link to background knowledge. The application of the data mining process on agricultural data leads to results (knowledge), which are diﬃcult to explain. In this paper, we propose a knowledge map model and an ontology design as an XAI framework (OAK4XAI) to deal with this issue. The framework does not only consider the data analysis part of the process, but it takes into account the semantics aspect of the domain knowledge via an ontology and a knowledge map model, provided as modules of the framework. Many ongoing XAI studies aim to provide accurate and ver-balizable accounts for how given feature values contribute to model decisions. The proposed approach, however, focuses on providing consistent information and deﬁnitions of concepts, algorithms, and values involved in the data mining models. We built an Agriculture Computing Ontology (AgriComO) to explain the knowledge mined in agriculture. AgriComO has a well-designed structure and includes a wide range of concepts and transformations suitable for agriculture and computing domains.
Magnetism of massive stars in the Early Universe

It is generally believed that the first stars were hot and massive because of the lack of efficient coolants in the metal-free primordial gas. This paper considers the thermal generation of the magnetic field in such stars. The mechanism operates in the surface layers of hot stars where departures from the local thermodynamic equilibrium form a region with the inverse temperature gradient (it occurs in atmospheric layers with the optical depth ≤0.01–0.001). The thermal generation is efficient in stars with a low mass-loss rate. A growth rate of the magnetic field can be such high that even young stars with the age ∼104–105 yr possess the magnetic field comparable to that detected in massive stars of the present-day Universe.
Credit Cards Scoring with Quadratic Utility Function

The paper considers a general approach for classifying objects using mathematical programming algorithms. The approach is based on optimizing a utility function, which is quadratic in indicator parameters and is linear in control parameters (which need to be identified). Qualitative characteristics of the utility function, such as monotonicity in some variables, are included using additional constraints. The methodology was tested with a "credit cards scoring" problem. Credit scoring is a way of separating specific subgroups in a population of objects (such as applications for credit), which have significantly different credit risk characteristics. A new feature of our approach is incorporating expert judgments in the model. For instance, the following preference was included with an additional constraint: "give more preference to customers with higher incomes. " Numerical experiments showed that including constraints based on expert judgments improves the performance of the algorithm.
Measuring blood-brain barrier permeability in multiple sclerosis enhancing lesions

Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE-) MRI data can be analyzed using a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model to measure biophysical parameters such as blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. This work focuses on developing a DCE-MRI based technique to accurately estimate BBB permeability in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. The impact of the temporal resolution of the DCE-MRI acquisition on the accuracy and precision of permeability measurements is evaluated experimentally and through simulations, and a new protocol based on a two-phase acquisition is shown to reduce the errors in permeability estimates. BBB permeability maps in MS patients are also examined for correlations with differences in regions of enhancement observed following two non-dynamic protocols: a standard and an optimized one. Results indicate that voxels only enhancing with the optimized protocol are associated with lower BBB permeability values than voxels enhancing with both protocols, which supports the hypothesis that each non-dynamic enhancement protocol has its own sensitivity threshold. This indicates that using a quantitative DCE-MRI technique, such as the one presented here, provides a more complete view of MS lesion pathology by enabling quantitative measurement of BBB permeability rather than simple binary classification as enhancing or non-enhancing. %%%%Les donnees d'IRM dynamique avec agent de contraste (DCE-MRI) peuvent etre analysees a l'aide d'un modele pharmaco-cinetique a deux compartiments, afin de mesurer des parametres biophysiques tels que la permeabilite de la barriere hemato-encephalique (BHE). Notre etude vise a developper une technique de DCE-MRI qui permette de mesurer avec exactitude la permeabilite de la BHE dans les lesions de sclerose en plaques (SEP). L'impact de la resolution temporelle de l'acquisition sur l'exactitude et la precision des mesures de permeabilite est evalue au moyen d'experiences et de simulations, et un nouveau protocole en deux temps permettant de reduire l'erreur dans les mesures est propose. Sont analysees ensuite les correlations entre les cartes de permeabilite et les differences de rehaussement entre deux protocoles non dynamiques: l'un standard et l'autre optimise. Les resultats preliminaires montrent que les valeurs de permeabilite sont plus basses dans les voxels rehausses uniquement par le protocole optimise que dans ceux rehausses par les deux. Ces resultats soutiennent l'hypothese d'un seuil de sensibilite intrinseque a chaque protocole non-dynamique avec contraste. L'utilisation d'une technique quantitative de DCE-MRI, telle que celle presentee ici, apporterait une vision plus complete de la pathologie des lesions de SEP par la mesure de la permeabilite de la BHE, comparee a la classification binaire en regions rehaussant ou non.
Integrated management system based on the BSC method: application in polish hospitals

Currently, hospital management is increasingly aware of monitoring their unit’s operations. New directives require hospitals to create departments for Managerial Control. These have to boast appropriate achievements. The departments are obliged to provide reports on the completion of the hospital’s objectives and tasks. In the article, the author aims at presenting the application of the Balanced Scorecard tool as an integrated system for hospital management. BSC is a helpful tool for managing a hospital with analysis of the state of financial and non-financial resources. In the paper, attention was brought to practical achievements of hospital directors that use IT tools. As a summary, the article provides a diagram that illustrates the strength of data quality required for the correct functioning of an integrated system, which at the same time shows its strong and weak points.
Development and Validation of UV Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Quinfamide and Mebendazole in in-house Pharmaceutical Formulation

The present work described the development of two simple, accurate, rapid, cost effective and reproducible UV-Spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous estimation of Quinfamide and Mebendazole in bulk and in laboratory mixture using 0.01M methanolic HCl as a solvent. The absorption maximum for Quinfamide and Mebendazole were found to be at 260.00 nm and 232.40 nm respectively. Beer’s - lamberts was followed in concentration ranges of 1 - 6 μg/mL for Quinfamide and 2- 12 μg/mL for Mebendazole. The percentage recovery of Quinfamide and mebendazole ranged from 98.48 to 99.08 and 98.83 to 99.62 (Method I); from 98.14 to 98.93 and 99.16 to 99.35 (Method II) for Quinfamide and Mebendazole. The established methods were sensible for simultaneous quantitative determination of both these drugs in fixed dose combinations. Validation of both these methods was performed as per ICH guidelines. The developed methods can routinely be used for estimation of both these drugs in their combined dosage form.
The effect of tensor interaction in splitting the energy levels of relativistic systems

In this paper we solve analytically Dirac equation for Eckart plus Hulthen potentials with Coulomb-like and Yukawa-like tensor interaction in the presence of Spin and Pseudo-spin Symmetry for any k number. The Parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov method is used to obtain the energy Eigen-values and wave functions. We also discuss the energy Eigen-values and the Dirac spinors for the Eckart plus Hulthen potentials for the spin and pseudo-spin symmetry with PNU method. To show the accuracy of the present model, some numerical results are shown in both pseudo-spin and spin symmetry limits.