Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Based on Discriminative Subspace Learning for Cross-Project Defect Prediction

: Cross-project defect prediction (CPDP) aims to predict the defects on target project by using a prediction model built on source projects. The main problem in CPDP is the huge distribution gap between the source project and the target project, which prevents the prediction model from performing well. Most existing methods overlook the class discrimination of the learned features. Seeking an effective transferable model from the source project to the target project for CPDP is challenging. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised domain adaptation based on the discriminative subspace learning (DSL) approach for CPDP. DSL treats the data from two projects as being from two domains and maps the data into a common feature space. It employs cross-domain alignment with discriminative information from different projects to reduce the distribution difference of the data between different projects and incorporates the class discriminative information. Specifically, DSL first utilizes subspace learning based domain adaptation to reduce the distribution gap of data between different projects. Then, it makes full use of the class label information of the source project and transfers the discrimination ability of the source project to the target project in the common space. Comprehensive experiments on five projects verify that DSL can build an effective prediction model and improve the performance over the related competing methods by at least 7.10% and 11.08% in terms of G-measure and AUC.
Development and Validation of Forced Degradation Studies of Lopinavir Using RP-HPLC and Characterization of Degradants by LC-MS/MS

Aim of the present work was to develop simple, shorter and effective HPLC method with UV detection (240 nm) and subsequent validation for forced degradation studies of lopinavir using RP-HPLC and characterization of degradants by LC-MS/MS. The method uses isocratic the mobile phase mixture of buffer and acetonitrile taken in the ratio in the ratio of 45:55 (v/v) on Hypersil BDS, C18, 100 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm column. The RSD for five injections was observed to 1.1 percentage and linearity range of 25-150 percentage of label claim established with 0.999 correlation. The observed result shows that the method was rapid, precise, accurate and simple. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines.
Energy Harvesting in Overlay Cognitive NOMA Systems With Hardware Impairments

Combining energy harvesting with cognitive radio and nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) techniques will be a notable candidate for improving both energy and spectral efficiency of wireless systems. In this article, we appraise the performance of an overlay cognitive NOMA (OCNOMA) system by employing an energy-harvesting-based spectrum sharing cooperation (SSC) scheme in the presence of hardware impairments (HIs) at the transceiver nodes. Herein, an energy-constrained secondary transmitter node harvests energy from primary transmitter’s radio-frequency signal and utilizes this energy to relay primary information signal as well as to transmit its own information signal using NOMA technique. For this, we investigate two SSC schemes using amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relaying strategies, named as SSC-AF and SSC-DF schemes. Importantly, we consider the impact of the imperfect successive interference cancellation in NOMA and distortion noises in signal processing due to HIs, which are inevitable in practical systems. Adopting Nakagami-m fading environments, we derive the expressions of outage probability for primary and secondary networks under both SSC-AF and SSC-DF schemes and, thereby, disclose some pertinent ceiling effects in the system. Furthermore, we evaluate the system throughput and energy efficiency for the considered OCNOMA system. Our results manifest the advantages of the proposed SSC schemes over the benchmark direct primary transmission and orthogonal multiple access schemes.
Sustainable Agile Project Management in Complex Agriculture Projects: An Institutional Theory Perspective

Complex agriculture projects directly affect the welfare of over half the world’s population, are a key Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), and account for the single most extensive human activity across 40% of the world’s surface. Furthermore, they are highly susceptible to environmental, social, and economic pressures such as climate change, cyclical pandemics, market disruptions, and diminishing arable land. These issues are also becoming increasingly vital in dint of the fact that population growth is placing increasing pressure on sustainable priorities. However, a recent scientometric review indicates a significant paucity in the extant literature on agriculture projects, with a pressing need for further research to examine sustainable project management practices from an institutional perspective. This research, therefore, aims to respond to this gap in the literature by drawing on Institutional Theory through a multi-case study of Agriculture Co-operative Institutions (ACIs). These are often viewed as valuable vehicles to deliver agricultural projects which can benefit communities, especially in emerging markets. Initial findings from two rounds of fieldwork as well as an extensive literature review suggest that ACIs as value-based organisations embedded within institutional contexts help stimulate elements of agility in project management processes, to deliver sustainable outcomes for their members and external stakeholders. Agile ACI project managers can also stimulate innovative outcomes across broader sustainable agriculture projects. It is the aim of this research also to undertake a larger cross-country comparison with international research cases. Therefore, this study will aim to not only contribute to critical project management discourse and knowledge but also to uncover agile project management practices for future pressing policy development and implementation to help foster greater sustainable agriculture project processes.
The Effects of Extinction in Multiple Spatial Contexts on Fear Recovery in Animals and Humans: a Meta-analysis Protocol

BackgroundLaboratory studies that utilise an exposure-based approach seek to reduce recovery through repeated nonreinforced presentations of a fearful or appetitive stimulus. A recent meta-analysis on post-retrieval extinction revealed small and non-significant effects on fear recovery. While meta-analyses on the use of pharmacologic agents revealed promising results, deploying such methods as first-line treatment for anxiety disorders is not practicable. To date, there has not been a systematic review or meta-analysis conducted to evaluate the overall effectiveness of laboratory-based multiple spatial context extinction on fear renewal in animals or humans. The present paper provides a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesise current literature investigating fear extinction in multiple spatial contexts. This will help provide information into the types of circumstances required to effectively implement this manipulation as a clinical treatment for anxiety-based disorders.MethodsA literature search will be conducted on electronic databases with the addition of forward and backward reference checking. Only primary research empirical studies that investigated fear conditioning and manipulated extinction training over two or more spatial contexts will be included. Eligible studies must include at least one control group that received comparable extinction in one context. The population of the studies will include both human (non-clinical) and non-human animals (e.g. rats). There will be no limitations on publication date, country of origin, or language. Essential scores related to recovery will be recorded. Data will be extracted by one of the two reviewers and quality of studies will be assessed by both the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2, for studies with human participants and the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation risk of bias tool, for studies with animals. A three-level meta-analysis will be conducted to determine fear attenuating effects of extinction across multiple spatial contexts. Should moderate-high heterogeneity be found, causes will be investigated through subgroup analyses.DiscussionThe planned review will be the first to present a comprehensive evaluation of the current state of the effectiveness of conducting multiple spatial context extinction on the possible attenuation of conditioned fear. The review will determine the types of circumstances that may provide better efficacy into informing translational research into clinical exposure therapy for anxiety-based disorders.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO 142518, edited on 30th Oct 2020, pending approval.
An Unlinkable Authenticated Key Agreement With Collusion Resistant for VANETs

Anonymous authentication is an important step to protect vehicular privacy and security in VANETs. To improve the efficiency of anonymous authentication in multiple security domains, VANETs integrated with blockchain attracts extensive attention. However, the existing blockchain-based authentication schemes cannot effectively achieve anonymity because colluded RSUs or vehicles can achieve linkability via the same retrieved record to destroy anonymity. To address the issue, we propose an unlinkable authenticated key agreement with collusion resistant for VANETs. For the unlinkability of V2R, firstly, a trusted authority generates multiple tickets that hide the vehicle's identity and shares them by the blockchain network. Then, vehicle generates different pseudonyms by homomorphic encryption, and RSU uses different tickets to authenticate them. Meanwhile, in view of the unlinkability of the V2V, anonymous authenticated key agreement based on homomorphic properties is designed to enable vehicles to achieve authentication without retrieving any vehicular information. Security analysis and performance evaluation show that our scheme has strict unlinkability and enhanced anonymity as well as improves the efficiency of V2R and V2V by 10% and 50%, respectively.
Mechanical behavior of water filled C60

We present the mechanical properties of H2O(n)@C60 under hydrostatic strain and a point load using Density Functional Theory. In each case, we performed mechanical tests under both tension and compression. The bulk modulus and elastic modulus increase as the number of water molecules increases. For fracture behavior, two mechanisms are observed: First, under compression, due to the interaction and bond formation between water and C60, structures with more water molecules begin to exhibit fracture at a lower strain. Second, under tension, fracture is initiated from the bond dissociation of C-C bonds on the C60 surface.
V2O5 embedded in vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays as free-standing electrodes for flexible supercapacitors

Free-standing, three-dimensional (3D) V2O5 nanobelts coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) on vertically aligned CNTs (VA-CNTs)/graphene foam (GF) (PEDOT–V2O5–VA-CNTs/GF) are constructed for flexible energy storage devices. The well-aligned structure of VA-CNTs and light-weight, highly conductive GF lead to highly efficient ionic and electronic transport channels, which are of scientific and practical significance for energy storage/conversion applications. PEDOT–V2O5–VA-CNTs/GF delivers a specific capacitance of 1016 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 when tested in an aqueous electrolyte. All-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor devices have been fabricated to demonstrate its flexibility in charging and discharging. Polypyrrole (PPy)/VA-CNTs/GF was used as the negative electrode, PEDOT–V2O5–VA-CNTs/GF as the positive electrode, and PVA/LiNO3 as the solid electrolyte. The solid-state flexible supercapacitors exhibit a high specific capacitance of 48.83 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and an energy density of 17.34 W h kg−1 at a power density of 0.71 kW kg−1 with good cycle stability as well. This work highlights the advantages of the VA-CNTs/GF substrate in the hybrid electrode with V2O5 embedded among the VA-CNT interstitials for high-performance flexible energy storage devices.
Split Sternotomy in Retrosternal Thyroid and Mediastinal Parathyroid Pathologies

Objectives: Although cervical incisions are usually sufficient in mediastinal located thyroid and parathyroid pathologies, sometimes mediastinal approaches are required. In recent years, less invasive methods have been used instead of median sternotomy. In this study, the adequacy of the incision and morbidity in patients who underwent split sternotomy due to retrosternal goiter (RG) and mediastinal parathyroid pathology in our clinic were investigated. Methods: The files of patients who underwent split sternotomy in addition to cervical incision or split sternotomy extending from the sternal notch to the third intercostal space with a separate vertical incision due to retrosternal thyroid pathology or mediastinal ectopic parathyroid adenoma between January 2010 and January 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Operative success, exposure provided by split sternotomy, and complication rates were investigated. Results: Twelve patients who underwent split sternotomy were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 57.25±12.62 (44–83) years. Eight (66.7%) of the patients were female and 4 (33.3%) were male. The indication for surgery was multinodular goiter (MNG) in 3 (25%) patients, recurrent MNG in 3 (25%) patients, hyperparathyroidism in 3 (25%) patients, and thyroid cancer in 3 (25%) patients. Transient hypocalcemia in 6 (50%) patients and unilateral vocal cord paralysis in 1 (8.3%) patient developed postoperatively, and all complications resolved spontaneously in an average of 3 weeks. Median sternotomy was not required for any of the patients. Conclusion: Split sternotomy is an adequate and applicable method for the success of the surgery in RG and mediastinal parathyroid pathologies that cannot be excised with the cervical approach.
Hydrogen absorption in 1 nm Pd clusters confined in MIL-101(Cr)

We report here the unprecedented modification of the hydrogen absorption/desorption properties of 1 nm Pd clusters relative to the bulk and nanoparticles down to 2–3 nm. These metal clusters have been synthesized by a facile double solvent impregnation method. They contain on average 33 atoms and are confined/stabilized into a metal-organic-framework with different metal loadings (5–20 wt%). This is the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that 1 nm Pd clusters are effectively confined into a MOF for high metal loadings. Such ultra-small nanoparticles are crystalline with the archetypical fcc structure of the bulk metal, as confirmed by both HR-TEM and in situ EXAFS. Hydrogen absorption/desorption properties of 1 nm Pd clusters have been characterized by both laboratory and synchrotron facilities. Under ambient conditions, 1 nm Pd clusters absorb hydrogen forming solid solutions instead of a hydride phase, as usually encountered for the bulk and Pd nanoparticles down to 2–3 nm. This can be understood by a decrease of the critical temperature of the two-phase region in the Pd–H phase diagram below room temperature. Moreover, the activation energy of hydrogen desorption from Pd clusters strongly decreases relative to bulk Pd. This suggests a change in the rate limiting step from surface recombination or β → α phase transformation usually encountered in bulk Pd to hydrogen diffusion into α and β phases in 1 nm clusters.
Are variations in kernel-related morphometric and chemical parameters correlated with differences in Sitophilus oryzae attack in maize?

Insect infestation during seed storage affects cereal productivity. Sitophilus oryzae, which is present in various climates, is one of the primary pests for maize (Zea mays ) seeds. In this study, kernels of a set of eight inbred lines of importance for both maize breeding and research activities were characterised for morphological and biochemical parameters as well as for their susceptibility to S. oryzae. S. oryzae was reared in laboratory-controlled conditions and the susceptibility index (SI, range: 0-11), which depends on both number of emerging adults and their median developmental period, was measured. Maize kernels of each of the eight maize lines were put in contact with less than 3-day old males and females of S. oryzae for 13 days. Infested kernels were checked daily for new adult emergence. Four maize lines were susceptible to S. oryzae attack (SI = 7.5 to 9.7) while the others appeared to be moderately resistant (SI = 4.6-6.9). Our results highlighted the occurrence of variability for insect susceptibility among different maize genotypes, however, variations in the kernel traits analysed do not allow us to make predictions about the response to insect attack.
Numerical simulation of NO emission reduction in coke oven regenerator with synergistic SNCR/SCR process

According to the temperature gradient distribution characteristics of the regenerator of the coke oven, a method of synergistic the SNCR/SCR process inside the regenerator to achieve NO emission reduction was proposed in this work. Based on the verification of SNCR and SCR models, the NH3/NO concentration field and the spatial distribution characteristics of NO in the process of SNCR, SCR, and SNCR+SCR were studied. The conclusion shows that the synergistic SNCR and SCR processes had achieved NO reduction by 64.3% and 37.1%, respectively. However, the increase in reaction temperature caused by the change of injection position resulted in a 0.4% decrease in SNCR+SCR compared to SNCR. It was also found that temperature dramatically influences the SNCR process and the reductant injection position. Limited by the structure of the regenerator and the catalyst coating area, the SCR process exhibited a low NO reduction ability. The SNCR+SCR process should focus on improving the efficiency of the SCR process.
Overhead and Performance Comparison of SET Fault Tolerant Circuits Used in Flash-based FPGAs

The aim of alternative fault tolerant techniques used in flash-based FPGAs, such as Single Event Transient (SET) filters, is to provide a resource savings advantage when compared to Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR). The purpose of this paper is to quantify, in terms of particular circuit characteristics, what the savings will be. The results suggest that the most important circuit characteristic to determine the gate count increase is the ratio of the number of primary outputs to the original circuit gate count, when considering a combinational circuit. When considering a sequential circuit, the most important circuit characteristic is the ratio of the number of Register Logic (RL) vs. Combinational Logic (CL) in the datapath. The theoretical study found that the DMR and delay element Guard Gate (GG) SET filter technique used in sequential circuits, proved more costly than TMR in terms of resource increase, when the ratio of the number of RL vs. CL is greater than 10% and 28% respectively. Chip-level synthesis of circuits using these filter techniques with one family of flash-based FPGAs shows no gate count cost benefit compared to TMR when the ratio of the number of RL vs. CL is greater than 13% and 15% respectively. 
Skin Autofluorescence, a Noninvasive Biomarker of Advanced Glycation End-products, Is Associated With Frailty: The Rotterdam Study

Abstract Background Accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in tissues has been linked to various age-related disease phenotypes. Therefore, we investigated the potential relationship between skin AGE accumulation and frailty. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was performed on 2 521 participants from the Rotterdam Study. Skin AGEs were assessed as skin autofluorescence (SAF) using the AGE reader™. We used 2 approaches to define frailty. Fried’s criteria, including weight loss, weakness, slow gait speed, exhaustion, and low physical activity, were used to define physical frailty (presence of ≥3 components) and prefrailty (presence of ≤2 components). Rockwood’s concept, including 38 deficits from physical and psychosocial health domains, was used to calculate the frailty index (score 0–1). Multinomial logistic and multivariate linear regression were used with SAF as exposure and physical frailty (ordinal) and frailty index (continuous) as outcome adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, renal function, socioeconomic status, and smoking status. Results The mean SAF was 2.39 ± 0.49 arbitrary units and the median age was 74.2 (14.0) years. Regarding physical frailty, 96 persons (4%) were frail and 1 221 (48%) were prefrail. Skin autofluorescence was associated with both being prefrail (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.29 [1.07–1.56]) and frail (1.87 [1.20–2.90]) compared with nonfrail. Regarding the frailty index, the median value was 0.14 (0.10–0.19) and higher SAF was also associated with a higher frailty index (coefficient, B = 0.017 (0.011–0.023]). Conclusions Higher skin AGEs are associated with both physical frailty and frailty index. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the causality and the potential of SAF as a biomarker to screen frailty.
Cybersecurity Challenges for Manufacturing Systems 4.0: Assessment of the Business Impact Level

An ever-growing number of companies are moving toward the Industry 4.0 paradigm, adopting a range of advanced technologies (e.g., smart sensors, big data analytics, and cloud computing) and networking their manufacturing systems. This improves the efficiency and effectiveness of operations but also introduces new cybersecurity challenges. In this article, the impact assessment methodology is applied in the context of manufacturing systems 4.0 (also known as smart manufacturing systems, cyber manufacturing systems, or digital manufacturing systems), thus identifying the critical assets to be protected against cyber-attacks and assessing the business impacts in the case of subtractive and additive technologies. The research design of the single case study with multiple units of analysis is applied. In particular, a large company, a leader in the manufacturing of aeronautical components, is considered a representative case study, and its two main types of manufacturing cells that is, those based on networked computer numerical control machines and 3-D printers, are taken as applicative cases for the methodology. The application of the impact assessment methodology in the manufacturing context 4.0 of aeronautical components represents a useful guide for researchers in the field of cybersecurity and for companies intending to implement it in their smart manufacturing environments. In particular, based on this study, companies can define the critical manufacturing data to protect against cyber-attacks, isolate the business impacts in case of cybersecurity breaches, correlate the identified business impacts with the specific data category, and assess the level of business impacts.