Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hierarchy or Heuristic ? Examining hierarchical structure and the poverty of the stimulus in recurrent neural networks

The impressive successes of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) in natural language tasks has led to a new field of research, examining the ways in which RNN models exhibit aspects of the human grammar system as we understand it. Much of this work looks for hierarchical syntactic awareness in RNNs by examining a model’s performance in the face of long-range dependencies over subordinate clauses. Successfully recognizing subordinate clauses however, is not equivalent to having a tree-structured hierarchical understanding of language. We show that it is possible for a model to perform well on recognizing long-range dependencies and yet fail to exhibit more global hierarchical awareness. We propose more thorough criteria for defining hierarchical structural awareness: models should not only be able to recognize which clauses are separate, but also to embed relationships between them. We present metrics and analytical methods that begin to disambiguate between successful chunking of clauses, and a structured hierarchical representation of them. We replicate the experiments in McCoy et al (2018), and find that the outputs of the language model indicate awareness of long range dependencies as they report, but do not pass our other metrics of structural sensitivity. However, we look past its outputs and also probe the model’s internal state. In doing this, we observe that the model is significantly more likely to produce grammatical than ungrammatical sentences, ultimately supporting McCoy et al’s claim that RNNs some hierarchically-informed representation of language.
New Steganographic Technique That Can Reliably Detect Modifications in Digital Images Based on JPEG Compatibility

-------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT--------------------------------------------------In this paper, we introduce a new forensic tool that can reliably detect modifications in digital images, such as distortion due to steganography and watermarking, in images that were originally stored in the JPEG format. The JPEG compression leaves unique fingerprints and serves as a “fragile watermark” enabling us to detect changes as small as modifying the LSB of one randomly chosen pixel. The detection of changes is based on investigating the compatibility of 88 blocks of pixels with JPEG compression with a given quantization matrix. The proposed steganalytic method is applicable to virtually all steganographic and watermarking algorithms with the exception of those that embed message bits into the quantized JPEG DCT coefficients. The method can also be used to estimate the size of the secret message and identify the pixels that carry message bits. As a consequence of our steganalysis, we strongly recommend avoiding using images that have been originally stored in the JPEG format as cover-images for spatial-domain steganography.
Experimenting Coded Slotted Aloha ( WorkIn-Progress )

In this document, we describe work in progress addressing one problem: massive machine type communication (mMTC), where numerous Internet-of-Thing (IoT) devices communicate towards a base station through long-range wireless link. Compared to traditional communication scenarios (e.g. UE’s with 4G LTE), the difference is an increase of the number of devices (“massive”) where up to 1,000,000 devices with rather small bandwidth requirement (as low as one small packet per hour) could be served by the base station. The scenario makes traditional multi-phase access inefficient (RACH in LTE) the reason having motivated the exploration of new type of communication techniques. Such techniques include non-orthogonal transmissions (non-orthogonal multiple access, NOMA), either at the physical layer or at the MAC layer level, see [1]. One family of such methods, at the MAC layer, is “Coded Slotted Aloha” (CSA) [2], a sophisticated improvement of “Slotted Aloha” (SA) which allows more capacity and more importantly a low loss rate, allowing single phase access.
Genetic Analysis of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H 5 N 1 in West Delta Governorate Hagag

Avian influenza viruses became widely distributed in most Middle Eastern countries, causing high mortality rate and severe economic losses in poultry industry especially when complicated with other pathogens. The continuous evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses (HPAIH5N1) has resulted in multiple diverse groups based on their haemagglutinin (HA) sequences. In this study, samples from 40 broiler chicken farms during 2014 2017 were screened for HPAIH5N1 Results showed that 15 flocks (37.5%) were positive for HPAI-H5 all of them non vaccinated . Furthermore, full sequencing of HA and NA gene for 3 isolates isolated during 2017 showed that the viruses were clustered with Egyptian viruses from clade 2.2. 1.2 and closely related to viruses from neighboring countries.
TWEET SARCASM: PEEP P.Ramya

The www is developing at an alarming price customers have commenced collaborating actively on internet with the aid of giving their reviews on products, services and blogs. observe and evaluation of such reviews is known as Opinion Mining. however now and again users choose being sarcastic. Sarcasm is a linguistic phenomenon in which humans nation the other of what they in reality imply.
Map Summarization for Tractable Lifelong Mapping

Accurate pose estimation has become a core capability for modern robotics, required in a multitude of applications, where precise navigation or collaboration is involved. In beaconfree and GPS-denied environments, visual-based odometry and localization systems are a popular solution for obtaining reliable, high-frequency pose estimates. The current state-of-the-art approaches, however, are limited to rather short timespans and small scales due to the excessive amount of data which is being produced in each mapping session. This issue is particularly relevant if a wireless online communication between mapping peers is required, where bandwidth is limited. This paper investigates map summarization and reducing the data flow in visual feature-based localization systems. We examine the data storage and transmission requirements of stateof-the-art localization systems and identify potential remedies to existing limitations. We discuss choices and methods related to the localization map representation, lifelong map maintenance and landmark selection approaches. Finally, we evaluate some of the discussed methods in a real-life scenario, using an autonomous mobile robot repeatedly mapping an ever-changing office space over a period of 2 months. We prove it is possible to reduce the data transfer by a factor of 5 while maintaining good localization performance.
Proposal for a Shared Challenge in the UMAP Space

This paper intends to advance the idea of shared challenges in the User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization (UMAP) space by introducing a proposal for such a challenge and by discussing the possible metrics that may be used in such a comparative evaluation. In this proposal we put forward one potential means for shared challenge generation in UMAP. This challenge focuses on user model generation using logged mobile phone data, with an assumed purpose of supporting mobile phone notification suggestion. The simulated dataset consisting of individuals’ logged mobile phone data is described, followed by challenge operation details and purpose, and intended evaluation metrics. It is not expected that this proposal is the only possible UMAP shared challenge, rather in putting forward this challenge proposal we seek to open further discussion and progress towards shared challenge generation for the UMAP community.
Servant Leadership Style and Leadership Effectiveness: The Moderating Role of the Cognitive Style Index

The aim of this study is to find the moderating role of cognitive style index on servant leadership style and leadership effectiveness relationship. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on 415 teaching staff from public and private universities. A total of 200 completed questionnaires were returned and used in the analysis. Bivariate correlation and hierarchical multiple regression were used to test the hypotheses. It is concluded that cognitive style index does acts as moderator voluntary subordination, covenantal relationship and transcendent spirituality while for other it does not act as moderator. So, it means that these variables can bring change in the effectiveness of leaders while making decision to serve for society, community, employees, followers or customers.
Retrospective on "towards an active network architecture"

Network programmability has metamorphosed over the past twenty years from the controversial research vision of active networks, through PlanetLab, to the juggernaut of SDN and OpenFlow that has swept industry. Now PISA switches are emerging with support for protocol-independent reconfigurability. We reflect on how network architecture has evolved along a different path than we had foreseen to arrive at a place that is not so different than we and other researchers had hoped and imagined.
An Empirical Analysis of Comparative Advantage and Industry Churning

This paper investigates determinants of firm entry and exit into broadly defined industries. We use a rich, cross-country dataset which contains observations over the period 1988 to 1999. A one standard deviation increase in comparative advantage is found to raise the amount of industry churning by five percent, although measures of domestic policy appear to exert a greater influence upon industry churning. When we disaggregate by firm size we find comparative advantage to have a positive influence on churning among small and medium sized firms but a negative effect on the largest. JEL classification: D21; F14; L6 1 Corresponding author: School of Economics, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG9 2RD E-mail address: lexdm4@nottingham.ac. uk
Safety Margins for Conservative Surrogates

1. Abstract Using surrogate models for learning or optimization creates a risk associated to the fitting error that must be accounted for. Conservative surrogates are metamodels designed to safely estimate the actual response of the system. In this work we use safety margins to generate conservative surrogates. Given a desired level of conservativeness (percentage of safe predictions), we propose the use of cross-validation for estimating the required safety margin. We also explore how multiple surrogates and cross-validation can be used to minimize the loss of accuracy inherent in conservative surrogates. The approach was tested on two algebraic examples for ten basic surrogates including different instances of kriging, polynomial response surface, radial basis neural networks and support vector regression surrogates. For these examples we found that cross-validation (i) is effective for selecting the safety margin; and (ii) allows us to select a surrogate with the best compromise between conservativeness and loss of accuracy.
Stimuli-Sensitive Cell Penetrating Peptide-Modified Nanocarriers

The integration of drugs into nanocarriers favorably altered their pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics compared to free drugs, and increased their therapeutic index. However, selective cellular internalization in diseased tissues rather than normal tissues still presents a formidable challenge. In this chapter I will cover solutions involving environment-responsive cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). I will discuss properties of CPPs as universal cellular uptake enhancers, and the modifications imparted to CPP-modified nanocarriers to confine CPP activation to diseased tissues.
Influence of Security Concerns , Privacy Concerns , and Exchange Benefits on Mobile Commerce Adoption : A Social Exchange Perspective ( Full Paper Submission )

The aim of this research is to examine the inhibitors and drives of mobile commerce (mcommerce) adoption. Drawing upon the social exchange theory, a research model is developed. The research model will be empirically tested by using survey data. If our findings confirm the conceptualization of the research model, we expect that users’ perceived exchange benefits in terms of perceived value added and usefulness are the drivers of m-commerce adoption and that their perceived exchange costs in terms of security and privacy concerns hinder their intention to conduct m-commerce.
A phase II , randomized , controlled trial of S-adenosylmethionine in reducing serum alpha-fetoprotein ( AFP ) in patients with hepatitis C cirrhosis and elevated AFP

In animal models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), deficiency of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) increased the risk of HCC while administration of SAMe reduced HCC. The aim of this trial was to determine whether oral SAMe administration to patients with hepatitis C cirrhosis Corresponding author: Timothy R. Morgan, MD, VA Long Beach Healthcare System (GI/11), 5901 E. Seventh Street, Long Beach, CA 90822 USA, Fax: 562 826 5436, timothy.morgan@va.gov. †Drs. Morgan and Osann contributed equally to this manuscript. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. Disclosure statement: Teodoro Bottiglieri reports having been the chairman of the advisory board for Methylation Sciences Inc., holding stock options in Methylation Sciences Inc., Scientific Advisor to Gnosis S.p.A. and Nestle Health Sciences, Pamlab Inc. and having received research funding from Nestle Health Sciences, Pamlab Inc., distributor of B vitamins as a medical food. The Principle Investigator and all other Investigators did not have financial conflicts of interest. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Cancer Prev Res (Phila). Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 September 01. Published in final edited form as: Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2015 September ; 8(9): 864–872. doi:10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-15-0029. A uhor M anscript
CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE ON CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT : ADAPTATION PROCESS OF THE CAREGIVER-MOTHER 1

To know the woman's adaptation process when becoming caregiver-mother of a child with chronic renal failure on conservative renal treatment. This is a qualitative study developed from a specific form and semi-structured interviews with family caregivers of children with chronic renal failure undergoing conservative treatment in nephrology centers. Data were analyzed by content analysis. 11 caregiver-mothers have participated. Most of them were married, Catholic, not engaged in any paid professional activity but received financial assistance for the child’s health, lived in urban areas and had finished elementary school. The adaptation process allowed constructing the category "Reorganizing the daily routine", which addresses the changes and forms of adjustment. The adaptation process of women becoming caregiver-mothers of children on conservative renal treatment can provide better understanding to the nursing staff of the reality experienced and contribute to reorganize and promote balance in the family’s daily routine.
Diting : An Author Disambiguation method based on Network Representation Learning

It is important to disambiguate names among persons in many scenarios. In this work, we propose an unsupervised method Diting and a semi-supervised method Diting++ for author disambiguation. In Diting, we learn a low-dimensional vector to represent each paper in networks, which are formed by connecting papers with multiple types of relationship (such as co-author). During representation learning, we focus on maximizing the gap between positive edges and negative edges. Further, we propose a clustering algorithm which associates papers to their real-life authors. To make full use of the authorship information, which is easy to obtain from the authors’ homepages, we design Diting++ to improve the performance for name disambiguation. Diting++ uses the authorship information listed on the authors’ homepages to construct label networks and uses a network representation learning method to learn paper representations based on label networks and other networks. Further, Diting++ uses a semi-supervised clustering method to partition learned paper representations into disjoint groups. Each group belongs to a distinct author. By making use of the label information, the clustering method partitions papers written by the same author in the same group, whereas papers written by different authors locate in different groups. Through extensive experiments, we show that our methods are significantly better than the state-of-the-art author disambiguation methods. INDEX TERMS network representation learning, network embedding, author disambiguation
Variants of Attention for Neural Question Answering

The Bidirectional Attention Flow (BiDAF) model (Seo et al., 2016) for neural question answering uses recurrent neural network contextual encoders, a bidirectional (passage-to-question and question-to-passage) attention mechanism, a recurrent modeling layer, and pointer networks to perform SQuAD-style question answering. We augment BiDAF with several modern attention-based neural architectural components (primarily drawn from Wang et al. (2017)), including nonlinear additive attention, self-attention, gated attention, and attention-pooling for conditioning a pointer network. This leads to substantial improvements in the model’s performance, indicating the importance of more involved attention mechanisms to modern neural question answering.
LBMP : A Logarithm-Barrier-Based Multipath Protocol for Internet Traffic Management

Traffic management is the adaptation of source rates and routing to efficiently utilize network resources. Recently, the complicated interactions between different Internet traffic management modules have been elegantly modeled by distributed primal dual utility maximization, which sheds new light for developing effective management protocols. For single-path routing with given routes, the dual is a strictly concave network optimization problem. Unfortunately, the general form of multipath utility optimization is not strictly concave, making its solution quite unstable. Decompositionbased technique like TRaffic-management Using Multipath Protocol (TRUMP) alleviates the instability, but their convergence is not guaranteed, nor is their optimality. They are also inflexible in differentiating the control at different links. In this paper, we address the above issues through a novel logarithm-barrier-based approach. Our approach jointly considers user utility and routing/congestion control. It translates the multipath utility maximization into a sequence of unconstrained optimization problems, with infinite logarithm barriers being deployed at the constraint boundary. We demonstrate that setting up barriers is much simpler than choosing traditional cost functions and, more importantly, it makes optimal solution achievable. We further demonstrate a distributed implementation, together with the design of a practical Logarithm Barrierbased-Multipath Protocol (LBMP). We evaluate the performance of LBMP through both numerical analysis and packet-level simulations. The results show that LBMP achieves high throughput and fast convergence over diverse representative network topologies. Such performance is comparable to TRUMP, and is often better. Moreover, LBMP is flexible in differentiating the control at different links, and its optimality and convergence are theoretically guaranteed.
The effectiveness of the Push Brace™ orthosis and corticosteroid injection for managing first carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis: A factorial randomised controlled trial protocol

Introduction Various conservative treatments for first carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis have been reported. We aim to investigate the short-term effectiveness of conservative management interventions used to improve pain and function for adults with first carpometacarpal joint arthritis in a randomised controlled trial. Methods A pragmatic 2 × 2 factorial randomised controlled trial will be conducted. This randomised controlled trial will have one control group (hand therapy) and three intervention groups. Interventions will include Push Brace™ orthosis and hand therapy, ultrasound-guided intra-articular corticosteroid injection and hand therapy and a combination of all three interventions. A total of 276 participants will be recruited for the trial. The primary outcomes will be pain (reported using a Visual Analogue Scale) and function (using the Patient Rated Wrist/Hand Evaluation). Secondary outcomes will include osteoarthritis specific function, pinch strength, global change and quality of life. Adverse events and complications will be reported. Outcomes assessments will be completed prior to the intervention and at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months post-intervention. The trial will be conducted at a private hand surgery clinic in Queensland, Australia. Conclusions Results from this trial will contribute to the evidence on conservative management of first carpometacarpal osteoarthritis.
An Automated and High-Throughput Immunoaffinity Magnetic Bead-Based Sample Clean-Up Platform for the Determination of Aflatoxins in Grains and Oils Using UPLC-FLD

Sample clean-up remains the most time-consuming and error-prone step in the whole analytical procedure for aflatoxins (AFTs) analysis. Herein, an automated and high-throughput sample clean-up platform was developed with a disposable, cost-effective immunoaffinity magnetic bead-based kit. Under optimized conditions, the automated method takes less than 30 min to simultaneously purify 20 samples without requiring any centrifugation or filtering steps. When coupled to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, this new analysis method displays excellent accuracy and precision as well as outstanding efficiency. Furthermore, an interlaboratory study was performed in six laboratories to validate the novel protocol. Mean recovery, repeatability, reproducibility, and Horwitz ratio values were within 91.9%–107.4%, 2.5%–7.4%, 2.7%–10.6%, and 0.26%–0.90, respectively. Results demonstrate that the developed sample clean-up platform is a reliable alternative to most widely adopted clean-up procedures for AFTs in cereals and oils.
Design of a constant beamwidth beamformer for the parametric array loudspeaker

The parametric array loudspeaker (PAL) is an unconventional type of directional sound source that transmits inaudible ultrasonic frequencies in air to generate the audible difference frequency based on the parametric array effect. The convolution model describes the beampattern of the PAL by convolving the product beampattern with the Westervelt beampattern. As a result, the beamwidth of the PAL becomes narrower when the difference frequency increases. A change of timbre is therefore perceived when people stand at an off-axis angle of the PAL. Hence, a constant beamwidth beamformer is required. This paper works on the beamformer design to result in the product beampattern that becomes broader when the difference frequency increases, in order for the Westervelt beampattern to be compensated. A constant half-power-beamwidth (HPBW) is successfully achieved for the typical frequency range of the PAL.