Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against Potato Virus X and Comparison of Serotypes with Resistance Groups

SUMMARY The production and testing of 10 rat monoclonal antibodies specific for strains of potato virus X (PVX) are described. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with a variety of specificities were selected. At one extreme, MAb MAC 58 reacted with all 33 PVX isolates tested ; in contrast, MAb MAC 67 reacted strongly with only two of 33 isolates, one of which was the resistance-breaking PVX-HB against which it was raised. The reactions of the PVX isolates with the MAbs were compared with the classification of PVX strains based on their effects in plants carrying different resistance genes; a preliminary serological classification is suggested. It is possible to distinguish PVX-HB from all other isolates tested using two MAbs (MAC 67 and MAC 59), and these, together with MAC 58, were produced in large quantities in ascitic fluids. Together they provide a valuable set of reagents for use in routine testing.
Genetic variation of Microtus fortis pelliceus in mainland and island populations of the Russian Far East based on random amplified polymorphic DNA markers

ABSTRACT Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to estimate the level and pattern of genetic diversity in Microtus fortis pelliceus populations from the mainland and islands of the Russian Far East. No markers were found both for individual populations and for the mainland or island voles as a whole. However, they appeared to be different in both their allele frequencies and microevolution mode based on correlation pleiad analysis. The island populations demonstrated a higher level of genetic differentiation among themselves than did mainland populations and each mainland population probably represents more genetic diversity than any population of islands. Overall, genetic variation between island and mainland M. f. pelliceus populations was low (Dst = 0.003), and can be explained by a low value of gene differentiation coefficient (Gst = 0.058). Nevertheless, exact test did not support the hypothesis that both united mainland and united island populations belong to the same genetic unit (p = 0.0025). RAPD data reliably distinguished voles of Matveeva Island, which are strongly differentiated by morphological traits, and this in turn did not exclude the island speciation event. Unlike UPGMA and NJ trees for individuals, population UPGMA strongly separated island voles from the mainland conspecifics, and MS reconctructions identified the Amur population as an ancestor.
RST Calc: a collection of computer programs for calculating estimates of genetic differentiation from microsatellite data and determining their significance

R ST, an analogue of FST, provides a convenient approach for estimating levels of genetic differentiation from microsatellite data. This paper examines current approaches for calculating estimates of RST and suggests a weighting scheme based on the transformation of allele sizes at loci across data sets. Combined within an analysis of variance framework this scheme yields an estimator of RST analogous to the θ estimator of FST. Software for the IBM‐PC is described which carries out such calculations and assesses the significance of RST or Nm estimates using bootstrap and permutation tests.
Replacement of corn silage with cassava foliage silage in the diet of lactating dairy cows: milk composition and economic evaluation

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of corn silage (CS) replacement by cassava's foliage silage (CFS) on the production and quality of milk. Twelve lactating dairy cows were used in a randomized block experimental design with four treatments and three repetitions per block. CS was replaced by CFS at the levels of 0, 20, 40, and 60%. The replacement of CS by different levels of CFS had very low effect on the variables studied. Milk density decreased when the replacement level was increased. Fatty acids 4:0 and 6:0 presented a quadratic behavior, while fat acids 8:0, 10:0, and 15:0 presented a linear behavior as their concentrations fell when CFS diet content was increased. The CS replacement by 20% until 60% CFS resulted a significant decrease in the feeding costs. The results suggested that CFS was a good replacement of CS for dairy cows.
Towards an Ontology for Trustful mHealth Apps

A unified and integrated approach to represent mHealth apps and their characteristics is currently lacking. To fill this gap, the overall purpose of this project is to develop an ontology, to help address the objective of building 'trustful' mHealth apps. This paper is a brief presentation of the followed methods, and the preliminary results of the research, i.e. a first version of that ontology.
Are Mute Swans with Elevated Blood Lead Levels More Likely to Collide with Overhead Power Lines?

Abstract We retrospectively conducted a survey of blood lead levels in Mute Swans (Cygnus olor) admitted to a Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals wildlife centre with injuries caused by collision with power lines or other overhead cables. Of 72 birds admitted over a three-year period, four birds were dead on arrival and 14 were euthanased on arrival due to severe injuries or burns. Of the surviving 54 birds, 43 were sampled to determine blood lead levels and 63% of these had elevated lead levels (>1.21μmol/l). We also blood sampled 260 swans admitted with symptoms consistent with exposure to lead that had not been involved in collisions and 620 birds admitted for all other reasons that had also not been in collisions. There was no significant difference in the proportion of collision birds with low (<1.21μmol/l) or intermediate (>2<5μmol/l) lead levels compared to non-collision birds. However, a significantly larger proportion of birds admitted following collision with power lines had moderately elevated blood lead levels (1.21-2μmol/l) compared to non-collision birds and a significantly smaller proportion had high blood lead levels (>5μmol/l). Adults accounted for 72% of admissions following collision and there was no significant difference between the proportion of collision and non-collision birds that were adults. Our data suggest that birds with elevated but moderate blood lead levels suffer an increase risk of collision, while those with intermediate to high levels have a much reduced risk of collision, possibly because they are too weak to fly. Inexperience does not appear to be a significant factor in determining the risk of collision.
Toxicidade de produtos fitossanitários utilizados em citros para Apis mellifera

The aim of this research was to evaluate the toxicity of several acaricides/insecticides used in Brazilian citrus crop to africanized workers of Apis mellifera Linnaeus. The exposition of honey bees to the chemicals was performed by direct spraying, contamination of food, and contact in treated surface (citrus leaves and Petri dishes), using recommended rates of application. The assays were carried out at 25±2°C, RH 70±10%, 12h of photophase and the data was statistically analyzed, with mean values of mortality being compared through cluster analysis. In all assays acephate was highly toxic, with mortality at 24 hours around 90.0%. When spirodiclofen and pyriproxyfen, was sprayed directly into the honeybees, they caused mortality levels of 11.0 and 15.0%, respectively; buprofezin, sulphur and tetradifon were less toxic, with mean mortality of 5.0% among these compounds. For the assays from contamination surface (citrus leaves and Petri dishes) and food, two groups of chemicals with the same toxic effects were observed, one with acephate and other with buprofezin, sulphur, spirodiclofen, pyriproxyfen, tetradifon and water. The average mortality after 96 hours of exposition was 31.0; 8.3 and 15.7%, respectively, for each method of contamination.
Predicting Length of Stay in Hospital Using Electronic Records Available at the Time of Admission

Predicting a patient's hospital length of stay (LoS) can help manage staffing. In this paper, we explore LoS prediction for a large group of patients admitted non-electively. We use information available at admission, including demographics, acute and long-term diagnoses and physiological tests results. Data were extracted from the electronic health records (EHR), so that the LoS prediction would not require additional data entry. Although the data can be accessed, the system does not present a unified view of the data for one patient: to resolve this we designed a process of cleaning and combining data for each patient. The data was used to fit semi-parametric, parametric and competing outcomes survival models. All models performed similarly, with concordance of approximately 0.7. Calibration results showed underestimation of predicted discharges for patients with high discharge probabilities and overestimation of predicted discharges for those with low discharge probabilities. The main challenges in operationalizing LoS predictions are delays in entering admissions data into EHR and absent data about non-medical factors determining discharges.
Automatic Classification of Discharge Letters to Detect Adverse Drug Reactions

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are frequent and associated to significant morbidity, mortality and costs. Therefore, their early detection in the hospital context is vital. Automatic tools could be developed taking into account structured and textual data. In this paper, we present the methodology followed for the manual annotation and automatic classification of discharge letters from a tertiary hospital. The results show that ADRs and causal drugs are explicitly mentioned in the discharge letters and that machine learning algorithms are efficient for the automatic detection of documents containing mentions of ADRs.
Visualizing the Cascade Effect of Redesigning Features in an EMR System

Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems are complex systems with interdependent features. Redesigning one feature of the system can create a cascade effect affecting the other features. By calculating the cascade effect, the designers can understand how each individual feature could be affected. This understanding allows them to maximize the positive effects and avoid negative consequences of their redesign activities. To understand the cascade effect, the designers can look at their computations' results; a task that becomes more difficult when the number of features grows. To reduce their task load, we propose a tool for visualizing the cascade effect of redesigning features in an EMR system. Our preliminary evaluation with six graduate students shows that visualizing the cascade effect reduces the task load and slightly improves their performance when analyzing the cascade effect. Ways for improving the tool include (i) showing the computation results within the visualization, and (ii) allowing the designers to compare the cascade effect generated by redesigning different features.
Performance Enhancement of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery by Treated Carbon Felt Electrodes of Polyacrylonitrile using Atmospheric Pressure Plasma

A high-performance carbon felt electrode for all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) systems is prepared via low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma treatment in air to improve the hydrophilicity and surface area of bare carbon felt of polyacrylonitrile and increase the contact potential between vanadium ions, so as to reduce the overpotential generated by the electrochemical reaction gap. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of the modified carbon felt is, significantly, five times higher than that of the pristine felt. The modified carbon felt exhibits higher energy efficiency (EE) and voltage efficiency (VE) in a single cell VRFB test at the constant current density of 160 mA cm−2, and also maintains good performance at low temperatures. Moreover, the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis results show that the resistance between electrolyte and carbon felt electrode decreased. As a result, owing to the increased reactivity of the vanadium ion on the treated carbon felt, the efficiency of the VRFB with the plasma-modified carbon felt is much higher and demonstrates better capacity under a 100-cycle constant current charge-discharge test.
A method for estimating the number of active protozoa in the soil

1. A method is described by which it is possible to estimate the numbers of active protozoa in a soil. 2. The total number of protozoa is first found by a dilution method. A fresh portion of the soil is then treated with 2 per cent. HCl (sp. gr. 1·15) overnight. By this means all active forms are killed. A second count by the dilution method gives the number of cystic protozoa in the soil. From these results the number of active forms can be ascertained.
Infomages: Embedding Data into Thematic Images

Recent studies have indicated that visually embellished charts such as infographics have the ability to engage viewers and positively affect memorability. Fueled by these findings, researchers have proposed a variety of infographic design tools. However, these tools do not cover the entire design space. In this work, we identify a subset of infographics that we call infomages. Infomages are casual visuals of data in which a data chart is embedded into a thematic image such that the content of the image reflects the subject and the designer's interpretation of the data. Creating an effective infomage, however, can require a fair amount of design expertise and is thus out of reach for most people. In order to also afford non‐artists with the means to design convincing infomages, we first study the principled design of existing infomages and identify a set of key chart embedding techniques. Informed by these findings we build a design tool that links web‐scale image search with a set of interactive image processing tools to empower novice users with the ability to design a wide variety of infomages. As the embedding process might introduce some amount of visual distortion of the data our tool also aids users to gauge the amount of this distortion, if any. We experimentally demonstrate the usability of our tool and conclude with a discussion of infomages and our design tool.
Network-guided search for genetic heterogeneity between gene pairs

Abstract Motivation Correlating genetic loci with a disease phenotype is a common approach to improve our understanding of the genetics underlying complex diseases. Standard analyses mostly ignore two aspects, namely genetic heterogeneity and interactions between loci. Genetic heterogeneity, the phenomenon that genetic variants at different loci lead to the same phenotype, promises to increase statistical power by aggregating low-signal variants. Incorporating interactions between loci results in a computational and statistical bottleneck due to the vast amount of candidate interactions. Results We propose a novel method SiNIMin that addresses these two aspects by finding pairs of interacting genes that are, upon combination, associated with a phenotype of interest under a model of genetic heterogeneity. We guide the interaction search using biological prior knowledge in the form of protein–protein interaction networks. Our method controls type I error and outperforms state-of-the-art methods with respect to statistical power. Additionally, we find novel associations for multiple Arabidopsis thaliana phenotypes, and, with an adapted variant of SiNIMin, for a study of rare variants in migraine patients. Availability and implementation Code available at https://github.com/BorgwardtLab/SiNIMin. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
In Vitro Antifungal Activity of HTI Isolated from Oriental Medicine, Hyungbangjihwang-tang

Hyungbangjihwang-Tang (HT), an Oriental herbal formula, has been known to play a role which helps to recover vigor of human in the Orient. In this study, antifungal substance (HTI) was purified from the ethylacetate extracts of HT by using SiO2 column chromatography and HPLC, and the antifungal effects of HTI and its mode of action were investigated. By using a broth micro-dilution assay, the activity of HTI was evaluated against fungi. HTI showed antifungal activities without hemolytic effect against human erythrocytes. To confirm antifungal activity of HTI, we examined the accumulation of intracellular trehalose as stress response on toxic agents and effect on dimorphic transition in Candida albicans. The results demonstrated that HTI induced the accumulation of intracellular trehalose and exerted its antifungal effect by disrupting the mycelial forms. To understand its antifungal mode of action, cell cycle analysis was performed with C. albicans, and the results showed HTI arrested the cell cycle at the S phase in yeast. The present study indicates that HTI has considerable antifungal activity, deserving further investigation for clinical applications.
Patent Boxes and the Success Rate of Applications

Patent boxes significantly reduce the tax rate applied to income earned from a patent. Existing work finds that those reductions increase the number of patents. That said, not all patents are equally novel. In particular, the patent box encourages the submission of patents of marginal novelty, a selection effect that would reduce the average success rates of patents. At the same time, the increased return to patenting encourages additional effort in application preparation and prosecution, increasing success rates. While this predicts an ambiguous effect, due to lower financing costs, the net impact should be smaller for frequent innovators. We use data from applications to the European Patent Office from 1978 to 2017 and find that the introduction of a patent box increases the average success rate of applications by 4.4 percentage points, with the estimated effect becoming negative for frequent innovators. We further find that this effect is greater when boxes apply only to new innovations and when local development is required to access tax reductions. This suggests that for the frequent innovators, who form the bulk of submissions, patent boxes may indeed be encouraging the submission of marginally-novel applications.
Analytical Modeling of IGBT during Switching Transient for High Voltage Direct Current Converter Valve Group

With the growing demand for renewable energy, the high voltage direct current (HVDC) technology with wide range of power transmission, small loss and strong control capabilities is receiving more and more attention. The high-power switching device such as IGBT used in the converter generates high slew rate current and voltage during the switching processes, and then the electromagnetic interference noise is propagated through the parasitic inductances and parasitic capacitances in the circuit. Therefore, the analytical model of high-power IGBTs is proposed in this paper to describe the switching transient characteristics, with the full consideration of parasitic inductances and parasitic capacitances of IGBTs. Then, the analytical model is verified by comparison between model-calculated and experimental results, based on a double-pulse test platform with an applied voltage of 3000 V and current of 600 A.
Wireless Traffic Usage Forecasting Using Real Enterprise Network Data: Analysis and Methods

Wireless traffic usage forecasting methods can help to facilitate proactive resource allocation solutions in cloud managed wireless networks. In this paper, we present temporal and spatial analysis of network traffic using real traffic data of an enterprise network comprising 470 access points (APs). We classify and separate APs into different groups according to their traffic usage patterns. We study various statistical properties of traffic data, such as auto-correlations and cross-correlations within and across different groups of APs. Our analysis shows that the group of APs with high traffic utilization have strong seasonality patterns. However, there are also APs with no such seasonal patterns. We also study the relation between number of connected users and traffic generated, and show that more connected users do not always mean more traffic data, and vice versa. We use Holt-Winters, seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving average (SARIMA), long short-term memory (LSTM), gated recurrent unit (GRU) and convolutional neural network (CNN) methods for forecasting traffic usage. Our results show that there is no single universal best method that can forecast traffic usage of every AP in an enterprise wireless network. The combined models such as CNN-LSTM and CNN-GRU are also used for spatio-temporal forecasting of a single AP traffic usage. The results show that considering spatial dependencies of neighboring APs can improve the forecasting performance of a single AP if it has significant spatial correlations.
A Study on Unique-Word based Synchronization for MIMO Systems over Time-Varying Channels

In conventional multicarrier systems, a cyclic prefix (CP) is added to the transmission block in order to protect it from multi-path propagation of the wireless channel. Nonetheless, due to the random nature of the CP, it is usually discarded at the receiver side, and from a synchronization perspective, this energy is wasted. Unique Word (UW) is a promising concept for CP replacement, because, in addition to protecting the signal from multi-path propagation, it allows per-block synchronization. Considering a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system, the state-of-the-art (SoA) data-aided synchronization approaches are mainly preamble based, while, on the other hand, the synchronization techniques for UW sequences are being applied to single-input-single-output systems in low mobility scenarios. In this paper, we investigate time and frequency synchronization of UW-based MIMO systems in high mobility conditions where the wireless channel is both frequency selective and fast fading. Through theoretical derivations as well as extensive simulations, we show that the proposed UW-based synchronization approach for MIMO outperforms the SoA MIMO synchronization techniques.
Low-Complexity Partially-Connected Hybrid Precoding for Massive MIMO Systems

Hybrid precoding is a promising solution for millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. Most prior hybrid precoding algorithms have too high complexity to apply to actual systems. This paper presents a low-complexity partially-connected hybrid precoding algorithm. By directly utilizing phase angle information of the channel matrix, the algorithm at the analog precoding stage requires no complicated calculation and has the lowest complexity among the prior analog precoding algorithms known to the authors. Then the digital precoding is obtained through singular value decomposition (SVD) of the equivalent channel matrix. Simulation results show that the proposed design can achieve a satisfactory achievable rate and is also insensitive to imperfect channel state information (CSI) in mmWave channels.
Application of Fuzzy-PID in Controlling System of XLPE Cable Production Line

Aiming at the shortcomings of the current domestic XLPE cable production line temperature control system, we have designed a new temperature control system. Through in-depth study of fuzzy control algorithm, the PID parameter online self-tuning system is realized by fuzzy control algorithm, and the fuzzy-PID control system is transplanted into Siemens S7-300 PLC. The real machine test was carried out on the XLPE cable production equipment produced by Baicheng Fujia Technology Co., Ltd., which verified the feasibility of the system. The online monitoring and analysis of data was carried out using Siemens WINCC HMI software, and compared with the traditional control methods. This study provides a solution for the optimization design of XLPE cable production line temperature control system and other industrial temperature control systems.