Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple Immunoenzyme Staining: Methods and Visualizations for the Observation With Spectral Imaging

Several staining concepts and color combinations exist to perform successful double immunoenzyme staining on human tissue specimens. Most of these concepts are based on differences between both primary antibodies: animal species, mouse Ig isotype or IgG subclasses, conjugates, or concentrations. Traditionally, double immunoenzyme staining has used chromogens selected to provide maximum color contrast when observed with the unaided eye. Unfortunately, visually good color combinations always include at least one diffuse chromogen, because of the paucity of appropriate chromogen colors. This situation is drastically changed with the use of spectral imaging, where multicolor microscopy can be unmixed in individual images based on their spectral characteristics. Spectral unmixing can be performed even up to quadruple immunoenzyme staining. This work contains practical suggestions for immunoenzyme double staining procedures for some frequently encountered primary antibody combinations: rabbit–mouse, goat–mouse, mouse–mouse, and rabbit–rabbit. The suggested protocols are all suitable for a classical red-brown color combination plus blue nuclear counterstain that is composed of peroxidase activity (diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride), alkaline phosphatase activity (Liquid Permanent Red), and hematoxylin, respectively. Although the red and brown chromogens do not contrast very well visually, they both show a crisp localization and can be perfectly unmixed by spectral imaging.
Accounting for the Contribution of Foreign Direct Investment in Population Health: A Case study of Pakistan

This paper examines the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on life expectancy and infant mortality rate under-5 using time series data over the period of 1980–2017. We have applied unit root as well as co-integration tests to examine integrating properties of the variables and cointegration among the variables. Moreover, we apply the ARDL approach to measure the longrun and short-run impact of FDI on life expectancy and the infant mortality rate under-5. The empirical evidence confirms the presence of co-integration amid the variables. FDI increase population health measured by life expectancy and to reduce the infant mortality rate under-5 in the long-run.
New Species of Bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) from Central Peru

Abstract A new species of toad, Bufo chavin, is described from two localities (3010 and 3070 m) from the eastern Andean slopes of central Peru (Departamento de Huánuco, Provincia de Pachitéa, Distrito de Chaglla) where it occurs sympatrically with Bufo spinulosus. Bufo chavin is referred to the Bufo veraguensis group. The new species differs from all members of this group by having large, elevated, elongate glands on each forearm and tibia, two large, elevated, elongate glands on the outer dorsal margin of each foot and one small, elevated gland on the outer dorsal margin of each hand. Eggs are relatively large, yolky and unpigmented in the new species. Se describe una nueva especie de sapo, Bufo chavin, procedente de dos localidades (3010 y 3070 m) en la vertiente oriental de los Andes del Perú central (Departamento de Huánuco, Provincia de Pachitéa, Distrito de Chaglla) donde se presenta simpátricamente con Bufo spinulosus. Bufo chavin es incluido al grupo Bufo veraguensis. La especie nueva difiere de todos los miembros de este grupo por tener una glándula larga, elevada y elongada en cada antebrazo y tibia; dos glándulas grandes, elevadas y elongadas en el margen dorsal externo de cada pie; y una glándula pequeña elevada en el margen dorsal externo de cada mano. En la especie nueva, los huevos son relativamente grandes, presentan abundante yema y no están pigmentados.
Detection of Ammonia-Oxidizing Beta-Proteobacteria in Swine Waste Treatment Systems.

SMITH, JENNIFER MARY. Detection of Ammonia-Oxidizing β-Proteobacteria in Swine Waste Treatment Systems. (Under the Direction of John Classen and Sarah Liehr). In order to obtain supporting evidence for biological denitrification in anaerobic lagoons degenerate β-Proteobacterial AOB primers were used to create and sequence clone libraries to detect the presence of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria at three field sites. Although there were PCR products from almost all samples, the clone libraries that were created show that not all PCR reactions produce only PCR products from ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. However, these primers did verify the presence of ammonia-oxidizers at one site, although their presence was not verified at the other sites. The presence of ammoniaoxidizers at the Battelle site implies that aerobic ammonia-oxidation is occurring. Clones were created and sequenced that were significantly different from other known sequences and tended to form very closely related phylogenetic groups. These phylogenetic groups were not isolated to one field site, and often more than one site had representatives in a closely related group. Future research in this field includes the design of new primer sets based on the sequences of the nitrifying bacteria clones reported in this research, creation of enrichment cultures, and use of new primers for fluorescent in situ hybridization. DETECTION OF AMMONIA-OXIDIZING β-PROTEOBACTERIA IN SWINE WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Gene Knockout of the α6 Subunit of the γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor: Lack of Effect on Responses to Ethanol, Pentobarbital, and General Anesthetics

SUMMARY The a6 subunit of the g-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAA-R) has been implicated in mediating the intoxicating effects of ethanol and the motor ataxic effects of general anesthetics. To test this hypothesis, we used gene targeting in embryonic stem cells to create mice lacking a functional a6 gene. Homozygous mice are viable and fertile and have grossly normal cerebellar cytoarchitecture. Northern blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that the targeting event disrupted production of functional a6 mRNA. Autoradiography of histological sections of adult brains demonstrated that diazepam-insensitive binding of [ 3 H]Ro15‐ 4513 to the cerebellar granule cell layer of wild-type mice was completely absent in homozygous mice. Cerebellar GABAA-R density was unchanged in the mutant mice; however, the apparent affinity for muscimol was markedly reduced. Sleep time response to injection of ethanol after pretreatment with vehicle or Ro15‐ 4513 did not differ between genotypes. Sleep time response to injection of pentobarbital and loss of righting reflex and response to tail clamp stimulus in mice anesthetized with volatile anesthetics also did not differ between genotypes. Thus, the a6 subunit of the GABAA-R is not required for normal development, viability, and fertility and does not seem to be a critical or unique component of the neuronal pathway mediating the hypnotic effect of ethanol and its antagonism by Ro15‐ 4513 in mice. Similarly, the a6 subunit does not seem to be involved in the behavioral responses to general anesthetics or pentobarbital.
Sulphur and Some Heavy Metal Contents in Foliage of Corylus avellana and Some Roadside Native Plants in Ordu Province, Turkey

The concentration of sulphur and some heavy metals the leaves of Corylus avellana, Alopecurus myosuroides, Helleborus orientalis, Glechoma hederacea, Calamintha nepeta and Urtica dioica were determined around the "polluted (near highways)" and "non-polluted area (far from highways)" sites near Ordu province during summer of the year 2006. Significant differences were found for heavy metals between "polluted" and "nonpolluted" areas. Heavy metal contents decreased in the order of Fe>Zn>Cu. The contents of Fe ranged from 188.9 to 519.9 ppm in the foliage of the studied species collected from "polluted area" were higher than its threshold values 13.5 to 115.5 ppm determined for same species in the "non-polluted area". High sulphur contents were found in studied species. The highest sulphur content was found in Alopecurus myosuroides. Overall, according to our findings plant species as Corylus avellana, Glechoma hederacea and Urtica dioica are a good bioindicators and can be used in elemental air pollution monitoring studies in urbanindustrial conurbations.
Narrative and ideologies of violence against women: The Legend of the Black Lagoon

The complete eradication of violence against women remains a challenge for 21st-century societies. In Spain 606 women were killed by their partners or ex-partners in the period 2003–2011 inclusive. Figures like these make this phenomenon a very serious social problem which requires intervention at a plurality of levels. The language used in narratives about these issues is very important. It can be an additional factor that contributes to the transmission of sexism and the perpetuation of indirect sexist ideologies that naturalize violence against women. This article presents a critical stylistics analysis of one such narrative from a feminist point of view. It is a text displayed at a Visitors’ Centre in Spain to show local culture to children and the tourists who visit the area. Applying a combined methodology based on feminism, stylistics and critical discourse analysis, the analysis carried out shows how the text conveys an underlying sexist ideology that normalizes violence against women and adopts a victim-blaming stance. The article concludes by stressing the need to raise awareness of the consequences of indirect sexism and naturalized ideologies covert in discourse, particularly in the field of writing for children and in the public domain in general.
LIFE TABLE AND DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS OF PAPAYA MEALYBUG, PARACOCCUS MARGINATUS (HEMIPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) ON HIBISCUS ROSA-CHINENSIS

The papaya mealybug Paracoccus marginatus is an imperative insect pest because of its invasive and polyphagous nature. Age-specific life and fertility tables of P. marginatus were constructed in laboratory conditions (27Â±2 Â°C, 60Â±5% RH). Survival and fertility characteristics of P. marginatus were observed on basis of provision of unlimited food source (Fresh hibiscus leaves) with pesticide and natural enemy free environment. The highest apparent mortality (20.1%) was observed in the 1st instar nymphs with k-value of . 097 indicating the key factor in regulating pest population size. The proportion of female to male was 1.09:1. The values for net reproductive rate (Ro), mean generation time (Tc), intrinsic rate of increase (rc), innate capacity of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (I»), and doubling time were recorded as 43.36 female offsprings per female, 30.73 days, 0.1248/day, 0.1227/day, 1.1329 female offsprings/female and 5.65 days respectively. These results will play vital role in development of reliable and sustainable IPM strategy for the pest.
Effect of Oscillatoria willei - a marine cyanobacterium on hydrazine induced toxicity

Aims: To find out the effect of crude extract of Oscillatoria willei, a marine cyanobacterium on hydrazine induced toxicity. Methodology and Results: In this study, the experimental mice were injected intramuscularly with 5 mg of hydrazine/kg body weight continuously for 20 days. Crude extract of Oscillatoria willei was given to the animals induced with hydrazine toxicity. The animals were subjected to various biochemical and immunological parameters after exposing to hydrazine and followed up treatment. The results revealed that intra-peritoneal administration of O. willei reduced interleukin 2 (IL-2), reducing sugar, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), liver enzymes, bilirubin, creatinine and uric acid level. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: O. willei treatment was found to reduce the ill effects induced by hydrazine.
PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS FROM WHEY PERMEATE AND STARCH HYDROLYSATES BY Saccharomyces cerevisiae AND Kluyveromyces marxianus

Three local strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc 1, Sc 2 and Sc 3) and one strain of Kluyveromyces marxianus were used as pure or mixed cultures in a commercial medium, in order to compare their kinetic parameters and fermentation patterns. It was found that S. cerevisiae Sc 3 had the highest maximum specific growth rates on glucose (0.32 h -1 ) and on ethanol (0.11h -1 ). The yields of biomasses on glucose and on ethanol were the most important. A low yield of ethanol on glucose 0.33 (g/g) was obtained. Kinetic studies of continuous production of biomass from a mixture of whey permeate and starch hydrolysates using mixed culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sc 3 and Kluyveromyces marxianus were performed. In the course of continuous culture on mixed substrate of whey permeate and starch hydrolysates "A", Kluyveromyces marxianus overgrew Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Whereas in the course of continuous culture on mixed substrate of whey permeate and starch hydrolysates "B" there was a stabilization of the coculture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sc 3 and Kluyveromyces marxianus).
Piloting Free To Be: A Positive Body Image Program for Adolescents ψ

This study evaluated a positive body image program, Free To Be, for adolescent girls and boys. Participants were Canadian and primarily South Asian and were part of either the intervention (n = 76) or comparison groups (n = 43). Participants completed pretest and posttest questionnaires. The Group x Gender x Time interactions examining the study’s outcomes were not significant; however, post hoc analyses suggested promising results. Specifically, members of the intervention group experienced a significant increase in body image coping strategies and media literacy from Time 1 to Time 2, with boys benefiting the most. Members of both the intervention and comparison groups experienced a significant decrease in body dissatisfaction from Time 1 to Time 2. Boys in the intervention group experienced a greater decrease in body dissatisfaction, whereas both girls and boys in the comparison group reported a decrease in body dissatisfaction. Positive body image did not improve in either group. Limitations and implications are discussed.
Cell Suspension Culture and Secondary Metabolites Production in African Violet (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl.)

Initiation of cell suspension culture of African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl.) was studied by inoculating fresh friable fragments of callus on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different levels of N6-benzyladenine (BA) (4.4, 8.9 or 13.3 μM), kinetin (0.5, 1.4 or 2.3 μM), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (2.2, 4.4 or 6.6 μM), or different concentrations and ratios of NH4+:NO3- (30:0, 10:20, 20:10, 0:30) or (0:60, 20:40, 40:20, and 60:0) along with control treatment. The highest cell growth (20.5 mg/ml) was obtained on medium containing 2.3 μM kinetin. Adding 0.54 μM 1-Naphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA) to all growth regulators combinations at certain concentrations resulted in better cell growth compared to those combinations lacking NAA. Using 30 mM total nitrogen at low NH4+:NO3- ratio resulted in the best cell growth. The secondary metabolite, cyanidin, was identified in the leaves of in vivo and in vitro grown S. ionantha microshoots. Cyanidin content for in vivo and in vitro extracts was 98.16 and 85.04 mg/g dry tissue, respectively. On the other hand, no cyanidin was detected in cell suspension culture.
Predominance of Methanolobus spp. and Methanoculleus spp. in the Archaeal Communities of Saline Gas Field Formation Fluids

The microbial communities in sulfate-rich, saline formation fluids of a natural gas reservoir in Lower Saxony, Germany were investigated to enhance the knowledge about microbial communities in potential carbon dioxide sequestration sites. This investigation of the initial state of the deep subsurface microbiota is necessary to predict their influence on the long-term stability and storage capacity of such sites. While the bacterial 16S rDNA gene library was comprised of sequences affiliating with the Firmicutes, the Alphaproteobacteria, the Gammaproteobacteria and the Thermotogales, the archaeal 16S rDNA libraries were simply dominated by two phylotypes related to the genera Methanolobus and Methanoculleus. The monitoring of the archaeal communities in different formation fluid samples by T-RFLP and Real-Time-PCR indicated that these two methanogenic genera dominated at all, whereas the proportion of the two groups varied. Thus, methylotrophic and autotrophic methanogenesis seems to be of importance in the reservoir fluids, dependent on the provided reduction equivalents and substrates and it also may influence the fate of CO2 in the subsurface.
Study of Interaction between Agonists and Asn293 in Helix VI of Human β2-Adrenergic Receptor

Previously, we demonstrated the involvement of Asn293 in helix VI of the human b2-adrenergic receptor in stereoselective agonist recognition and activation. In the present study, we have further explored the role of this residue by synthesizing derivatives of isoproterenol and clenbuterol, two b-adrenergic receptor agonists. We analyzed their efficacy and affinity on the wild-type and a mutant receptor (Asn293Leu). Each compound had similar efficacy (t values) on both the wild-type and mutant receptor, although t values varied considerably among the eight compounds studied. It appeared that one derivative of isoproterenol, but not of clenbuterol, showed a gain in affinity from the wild type to the mutant receptor. This derivative had a methyl substituent instead of the usual b-OH group in the aliphatic side chain of isoproterenol, compatible with the more lipophilic nature of the leucine side chain. Such a “gain of function” approach through a combination of synthetic chemistry with molecular biology, may be useful to enhance our insight into the precise atomic events that govern ligand-receptor interactions.
The effect of galls induced by the gall fly Procecidochares utilis on vegetative growth and reproductive potential of crofton weed, Ageratina adenophora

Summary Reproductive potential and vegetative growth of Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) K. & R. (crofton weed) were measured under ambient conditions to evaluate the efficacy of the gall fly, Procecidochares utilis Stone as a biocontrol agent for this weed. Galls induced by the fly resulted in the production of underdeveloped capitula and a reduction in the number of capitula and filled achenes per capitulum. Galling had no effect on subsequent germination of the seed produced. Where vegetative growth was concerned the effect of galling ranged from a temporary cessation of growth to death of stems above the gall. Although galling promoted production of side shoots, the dry mass of above-ground material was markedly reduced.
The use of low [CO2] to estimate diffusional and non‐diffusional limitations of photosynthetic capacity of salt‐stressed olive saplings

In this study it has been shown that increased diffusional resistances caused by salt stress may be fully overcome by exposing attached leaves to very low [CO 2 ] ( ~ ~ ~ 50 m mol mol - - 1 ), and, thus a non-destructive- in vivo method to correctly estimate photosynthetic capacity in stressed plants is reported. Diffusional (i.e. stomatal conductance, g s , and mesophyll conductance to CO 2 , g m ) and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis ( A ) were measured in two 1-yearold Greek olive cultivars (Chalkidikis and Kerkiras) subjected to salt stress by adding 200 m M NaCl to the irrigation water. Two sets of A ‐ C i curves were measured. A first set of standard A ‐ C i curves (i.e. without pre-conditioning plants at low [CO 2 ]), were generated for salt-stressed plants. A second set of A ‐ C i curves were measured, on both control and salt-stressed plants, after pre-conditioning leaves at [CO 2 ] of ~ 50 m mol mol - 1 for about 1.5 h to force stomatal opening. This forced stomata to be wide open, and g s increased to similar values in control and salt-stressed plants of both cultivars. After g s had approached the maximum value, the A ‐ C i response was again measured. The analysis of the photosynthetic capacity of the salt-stressed plants based on the standard A ‐ C i curves, showed low values of the J max (maximum rate of electron transport) to V cmax (RuBP-saturated rate of Rubisco) ratio (1.06), that would implicate a reduced rate of RuBP regeneration, and, thus, a metabolic impairment. However, the analysis of the A ‐ C i curves made on pre-conditioned leaves, showed that the estimates of the photosynthetic capacity parameters were much higher than in the standard A ‐ C i responses. Moreover, these values were similar in magnitude to the average values reported by Wullschleger ( Journal of Experimental Botany 44, 907‐920, 1993) in a survey of 109 C 3 species. These findings clearly indicates that: (1) salt stress did affect g s and g m but not the biochemical capacity to assimilate CO 2 and therefore, in these conditions, the sum of the diffusional resistances set the limit to photosynthesis rates; (2) there was a linear relationship ( r 2 = = = 0.68) between g m and g s , and, thus, changes of g m can be as fast as those of g s ; (3) the estimates of photosynthetic capacity based on A ‐ C i curves made without removing diffusional limitations are artificially low and lead to incorrect interpretations of the actual limitations of photosynthesis; and (4) the analysis of the photosynthetic properties in terms of stomatal and non-stomatal limitations should be replaced by the analysis of diffusional and non-diffusional limitations of photosynthesis. Finally, the C 3 photosynthesis model parameterization using in vitro -measured and in vivo measured kinetics parameters was compared. Applying the in vivo -measured Rubisco kinetics parameters resulted in a better parameterization of the photosynthesis model.
Risk and Reflection in the Academic Workplace

The Problem Universities are workplaces designed for learning, research, and reflection. In recent years, an amalgam of issues, both internal and external, have emerged, making critical reflection more difficult and riskier for both academic and nonacademic staff. The Solution We argue that positive leadership, dialogue, and group connection can help counter increasing isolation and in effect make reflection more possible. The Stakeholders This article is relevant not only to human resource development (HRD) scholars and practitioners within the context of postsecondary institutions but also to large and complex bureaucratic organizations grappling with a changing landscape of employment.
Evidence of Sexual Selection for Evening Orientation in Human Males: A Cross Cultural Study in Italy and Sri Lanka

Previous research has established the existence of individual differences with regards to individuals` optimum time of well-functioning; specifically in terms of being either morning or evening oriented. An association has also emerged between being more evening, as opposed to morning, oriented and having a greater number of sexual partners. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether "eveningness" in males is an evolved sexually dimorphic trait consistent across different cultures. A sample of 179 male Sri Lankan men residing in two different cultural and economic settings, Italy and Sri Lanka, were administered the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) followed by assessing their sexual behavior history. The results robustly portrayed a highly significant main effect of MEQ types highlighting the twofold sexual success enjoyed by the evening individuals in both regional locations. Morning oriented individuals, showed a stronger preference for going out and partying than evening-types, suggesting that the higher mating success of evening types is not due to their different lifestyles allowing more opportunities to encounter females. However, evening types exhibited a preference for flirtatious behaviors in the later part of the day. Shoulder-to-hip and handgrip strength, as measures of testosterone levels, were not significantly associated with eveningness. The results are discussed in terms of sexual selection and its interplay with human cultural variation.