Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Burst Emergence of Intracellular Ca 2 (cid:1) Waves Evokes Arrhythmogenic Oscillatory Depolarization via the Na –Ca Simultaneous Confocal Recording of Membrane Potential and Intracellular Ca 2 (cid:1) in the Heart Cellular Biology

—Intracellular Ca 2 (cid:1) waves (CaWs) of cardiomyocytes are spontaneous events of Ca 2 (cid:1) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum that are regarded as an important substrate for triggered arrhythmias and delayed afterdepolarizations. However, little is known regarding whether or how CaWs within the heart actually produce arrhythmogenic membrane oscillation because of the lack of data confirming direct correlation between CaWs and membrane potentials ( V m ) in the heart. On the hypothesis that CaWs evoke arrhythmogenic oscillatory depolarization when they emerge synchronously and intensively in the heart, we conducted simultaneous fluorescence recording of intracellular Ca 2 (cid:1) ([Ca 2 (cid:1) ] i ) dynamics and V m of ventricular myocytes on subepicardial surfaces of Langendorff-perfused rat hearts using in situ dual-view, rapid-scanning confocal microscopy. In intact hearts loaded with fluo4/acetoxymethyl ester and RH237 under perfusion with cytochalasin D at room temperature, individual myocytes exhibited Ca 2 (cid:1) transients and action potentials uniformly on ventricular excitation, whereas low-K (cid:1) –perfused (2.4 mmol/L) hearts exhibited CaWs sporadically between Ca 2 (cid:1) transients without discernible membrane depolarization. Further [Ca 2 (cid:1) ] i loading of the heart, produced by rapid pacing and addition of isoproterenol, evoked triggered activity and subsequent oscillatory V m , which are caused by burst emergence of CaWs in individual myocytes. Such arrhythmogenic membrane oscillation was abolished by ryanodine or the Na (cid:1) –Ca 2 (cid:1) exchanger inhibitor SEA0400, indicating an essential role of CaWs and resultant Na (cid:1) –Ca 2 (cid:1) exchanger–mediated depolarization in triggered activity. In summary, we demonstrate a mechanistic link between intracellular CaWs and arrhythmogenic oscillatory depolarizations in the heart. Our findings provide a cellular perspective on abnormal [Ca 2 (cid:1) ] i handling in the genesis of triggered arrhythmias in the heart. ( Circ Res . 2008;103:509-518.) changes in the RH237 signals are small owing to the small shift in the fluorescence spectrum with no change in shape or amplitude of the spectrum in response to excitation 6 and the low fraction (3.6% in rats) of T-tubules (~0.25- μ m diameter) to cell volume. 7 The FI value of RH237 was displayed in inverted direction because myocytes exhibit instantaneous reduction of FI on excitation. Data are shown as mean±SD. Statistical significance was accepted for P values of <0.05 (Student’s t test or ANOVA).
Cohort study to estimate the effect of the introduction of the NHS Institute for innovation and improvement paediatric early warningsystem on the workload of nursing, junior and senior medical staff

Background: Surgical reconstructions for venous occlusive disease are rarely performed. Consequently, reliable data on long-term patency, clinical outcome, hemodynamic evaluation and risk factors for graft occlusion are poor. The present study was aimed at assessing long-term results of venovenous bypass operations in postthrombotic syndrome (PTS). Methods: We analyzed long-term outcomes of crossover vein bypass procedures in 68 patients with unilateral postthrombotic iliac vein obstructions at periods from two to 28 years and 12 patients who underwent saphenopopliteal bypasses for femoral vein obstructions. Results: It was validated that the decisive factor of the success of the crossover bypass procedure was a sufficient diameter of venous graft, i.e., not less than 7–8 mm. The advantage of dilated great saphenous vein of affected extremity is shown in this study. It has been determined that in 70.6% of the patients, crossover grafts have a propensity to dilate, furnishing the requisite venous blood outflow from an affected extremity. Venous hemodynamic studies of the affected extremity with occlusion of the external pressed graft revealed that crossover bypass assumes the primary role in the maintenance of venous return. In 15 years, cumulative patency of crossover grafts was 77%. There was cumulative clinical success in 71% of the patients. The patency rate of saphenopopliteal grafting within the period up to 12 years was 91.7%. Long-term outcomes of the procedures proved durable functioning of the grafts and improvement of regional venous hemodynamics. There was significant improvement of reconstructive operations with the usage of distal arteriovenous fistulas.
The Model of Value-Based Curriculum for Medicine and Surgery Education in Iran

Background: Theneedforinternalizationof valuesforprofessionaldevelopmentinmedicineandsurgery,andsenseof dutylinked to the practice of the medical professionalism were recognized in Iran. With regard to the shortcomings currently existed in the curriculumof themedicaleducation,in2013,thedesignof anoperationalmodelforthecurriculumbasedonvalueswasplacedon the agenda through the PhD thesis. Objectives: The aim of this study is to develop the operational model of the value-based curriculum for medicine and surgery education with respect to indigenous values in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Methods: Our value-based curriculum model was developed through qualitative ontology foundations of Hugh McKenna concept analysis. Finally we developed our operational model by comparing our domestic extracted attributes with what is existed and ex-periencedinothercountriesthroughsystematizedsearching,determinedtheprocessof valuecurriculum,thesequenceof process steps, menu and taxonomy for operationalization of each step, and recommended practices for each step for integration of values in medicine and surgery education in Iran. Results: Ten steps of curriculum model for integration of values in medicine and surgery education include: general need assessment of values, designing hierarchy system of values, need assessment of targeted learners’ values, developing value programme statement, determination of value outcomes and objectives, production of value rich content, value based teaching and learning methods, value based settings, value themes management, determination of values evaluation and assessment methods. Conclusions: This Indigenous operational model of value based curriculum proposes the process with exact sequence for the con-creteimplementationof valueseducationinmedicineandsurgery,accordancewithourcountryoﬀers. Theoperationalvaluebased curriculummodelwaspreparedinordertodevelopapracticalguidelineforvaluebasedexperimentsinmedicineandsurgery,helps to move from the information level and expressing factual knowledge, to the conceptual and judgment level, understanding the connections and interactions between facts and analysis them.
The Nucleus 24 ContourTM Cochlear Implant System: Adult Clinical Trial Results

Objective: The purpose of this article is to present psychophysical data for 40 Nucleus 24 ContourTM adult patients with 1 mo of device experience and speech perception results for a group of 56 adult patients with 3 mo experience using the Nucleus 24 Contour cochlear implant system. Postoperative hearing thresholds (i.e., under headphones) in the implanted ear were also assessed in a group of 85 patients who had measurable hearing preoperatively. This was of interest because preservation of residual hearing, postoperatively, is consistent with atraumatic insertion of the electrode array. In addition, data will be presented that reflected feedback from 40 surgeons who participated in the trial.
Variations in Hepatic Angiosis and Their Significance in Hepatic Pathology

The knowledge of liver blood vessels anatomy is essential for hepatic transplants and hepatobiliary and pancreatic procedures. In addition, it is crucial to be aware of the liver anatomy due to its importance in the operations of the hepatic neoplasms. Studies have shown that hepatic perfusion presents a number of variants, which have an important role in liver physiology as well as in the treatment of hepatoblastic neoplasms. The purpose of the present work is the presentation and analysis of anatomic variations and anomalies of the hepatic artery, and the importance and application of this knowledge in clinical practice of liver diseases. In particular, the significance of this insight into hepatoblastic neoplasms is presented.
A study of balance and gait following stroke : implications for rehabilitation

This study examined: the features and extent of the gait velocity decrement following stroke; the nature of the balance disorder and; investigated relationships between gait and balance. Twenty, fully-ambulant, hemiplegic subjects (12 men and 8 women), with a mean age of 57.2 year(± 10.7), were compared with 20 ageand sex-matched controls. Spatiotemporal gait kinematics were measured at five walking speeds ranging from "very slow" to "very fast". Balance was then measured while subjects maintained a variety of weight shift postures both with feet parallel and then in diagonal positions similar to those assumed during the double support phases of gait. Location and variability of centre of pressure (CP) were measured and the ranges over which CP could be shifted were calculated. Stroke subjects walked very slowly with their "fastest" walking speed (0.5 stat/s ± 0.23) no different from the "slowest" speed (0.38 stat/s ± 0.11) of the controls (p > 0.05). Differences between the other parameters were also found, many of which could be attributed to the differences in walking speeds. However, where the subjects walked at similar velocities, the hemiplegic sample walked with quicker and shoner strides suggesting a "cautious" gait pattern. The single support asymmetry of the strokes decreased with increasing walking speed. The positions of CP in the hemiplegic sample were found to be significantly displaced towards the unaffected leg and deficiencies were found in posterior shifts (p < 0.05). Postural sway was significantly greater in the hemiplegic sample implying less stable balance and the ranges over which the hemiplegic sample shifted weight were significantly less than the controls. The diagonal weight shift tests revealed the difficulty the stroke subjects experienced in shifting CP posterolaterally over the affected leg. Significant correlations were detected confmning the presence of relationships between static balance performance and gait. However, these correlation findings left considerable percentages of variance unexplained. These findings suggest that future rehabilitation should address the poverty of range of walking speed possessed by hemiplegic subjects as well as the reduced ability to weight shift over the hemiplegic limb, particularly posterolaterally. Further study to test these proposals is indicated.
Bone Graft For Revision Hip Arthroplasty

Revision total hip arthroplasty often presents surgeons with difficult bone loss problems. The selection of an appropriate bone graft is influenced by the size of the bone defect, the location, the biology of the bone graft site, and whether the graft is required for structural support. Autogenous bone graft remains the gold standard bone graft material but there only is a limited amount available and there is morbidity associated with the harvesting of these grafts. The most frequently used bone graft materials include autogenous iliac crest bone graft, cancellous allograft chips, demineralized bone matrix, and bulk structural allografts (femoral head, distal or proximal femoral allograft, whole acetabuli, and femoral strut grafts). It often is difficult to determine on plain radiographs whether nonstructural grafts actually incorporate into the host bone. Recently, attention has focused on the use of new materials for bone grafting including: new demineralized bone matrices, ceramics, autologous platelet concentrates, recombinant proteins, and stem cells. The purpose of this review was to assess the biologic potential of these nonstructural grafts in revision hip arthroplasty and their limitations. Are these agents actually incorporating into host bone? Future bone graft options, including tissue engineering and gene therapy will be discussed briefly.
General and subarachnoid anaesthesia in a patient with acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency

nerve at the level of the lateral canthus [2]. Similarly, two failures concerning the infraorbital nerve block were related to the lack of nasociliary nerve block for surgery involving the ala and the apex of the nose; this area being innervated by its nasal branches [4]. Finally six partial failures (46%) can be explained by ignorance of facial innervation and the direct failure rate was 12%. The infraorbital block was associated with the highest rate of failure in our study. Nevertheless, this block is considered as technically easy to perform in other studies where the intraoral route was used [5,6]. We suggest that the higher frequency of insufficient blocks measured with the percutaneous technique was due to inappropriate placement of the needle secondary to our tangential percutaneous approach having regard to nerve distribution. When the infraorbital nerve emerges through the infraorbital foramen, it divides into four groups of branches supplying four different cutaneous areas including the skin of the lateral nose, the lower eyelid, the cheek and the upper lip. These areas matched perfectly with those where we failed to obtain a full sensory loss in our study. This observation suggests a partial blockade of the nerve. The intraoral route is considered to be more reliable than the external percutaneous approach [5,6]. However, a comparative study where bilateral infraorbital nerve blocks were performed using the intraoral technique on one side and the percutaneous technique on the other, failed to find any difference between the two approaches [5]. 12 of the 13 failed blocks in our study were performed by residents. Their reported experience was 5 with the different blocks, whereas trained anaesthetists have carried out at least 20 of each block. The exact number of each procedure required before attaining acceptable failure rates remains unknown and may have a wide inter-individual variability. However, it must be emphasized that the failure rate included only partial failure allowing surgery to be proceeded with single local anaesthetic infiltration. Peripheral blocks of the trigeminal nerve can achieve safe and effective regional anaesthesia for facial soft-tissue surgery. Although easy to perform, the success of these techniques depends on the experience of anaesthetist and requires a detailed knowledge of facial innervation, especially with overlapping sensory areas of nose apex and orbital structures and surroundings. Regarding rate of failure and sideeffects, we recommend particularly the use of supratrochlear, nasociliary and mental nerve blocks.
Emerging Regulation in the Cardiovascular System

Original received August 4, 2012; revision received October 2, 2012; accepted October 5, 2012. In November 2012, the average time from submission to first decision for all original research papers submitted to Circulation Research wass 15.8 days. From the Departments of Biological Chemistry (H.S.C., C.I.M., J.E.V.E.) and Medicine (S.-B.W., V.V., J.E.V.E.), and Johns Hopkins University Bayview Proteomics Center (V.V., J.E.V.E.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. *These authors contributed equally to this work. The online-only Data Supplement is available with this article at http://circres.ahajournals. org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA. 112.268680/-/DC1. Correspondence to Sheng-Bing Wang, Room 601 Mason F. Lord Bldg, Center Tower, Johns Hopkins University, 5200 Eastern Ave, Baltimore, MD 21224 (e-mail swang86@jhmi.edu); or Jennifer E. Van Eyk, Suite 602 Mason F. Lord Bldg, Center Tower, Bayview Proteomics Center, Baltimore, MD 21224 (e-mail jvaneyk1@jhmi.edu). © 2013 American Heart Association, Inc.
Total Joint Arthroplasty The cost of infection after total joint arthroplasty

Total joint arthroplasty of the hip and knee are commonly performed procedures with excellent clinical results and survivorship of nearly 80% at 20 years for hips and up to 90% at 15 years for knees. Despite these excellent outcomes, complications do occur and can prove costly to the patient, the physician, and the health care system. A particularly costly complication is the development of postoperative infection. What follows is an evaluation of the costs related to infection after total joint arthroplasty and a description of how those costs are being approached for containment.
Effect of Reserpine on the Structure of Heart Mitochondria and the Relation to Catecholamine Depletion

We examined the ultrastructure of the heart and measured total myocardial norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) in dogs given intramuscular reserpine 25 μg/kg/day for four days (days 1 to 4) and in untreated (control) dogs. In the treated dogs sections of the myocardium invariably revealed mitochondrial abnormalities at the fifth and fourteenth days. Fragmentation and loss of structure of the cristae and cyst formation within the mitochondria were the characteristic abnormalities found. The appearance at 25 days, as well as in all the untreated dogs, was normal. The nuclei, myoflbrils, and other intracellular structures were normal in appearance in both treated and untreated dogs. There was almost complete NE and E depletion by the fifth day; levels were partially restored by the fourteenth and twenty-fifth days. We concluded that reserpine in the dose used produces marked structural changes in the mitochondria of heart muscle which are reversible. The changes parallel the reduction in total cardiac NE and E produced by the reserpine.
Cost effectiveness and delivery study for future HIV vaccines WHO-UNAIDS collaborative group on cost-effectiveness, delivery and future access to HIV vaccines

Research teams from five countries, Brazil, China, Kenya, Peru and Thailand, have initiated a policy-maker survey on vaccine delivery, cost studies for future HIV vaccination programmes, and associated simulation modeling exercises analysing the relative cost-effectiveness of potential HIV vaccination strategies. The survey assesses challenges and opportunities for future country-level HIV vaccination strategies, providing data on the vaccine characteristics (e.g. vaccine efficacies for susceptibility, infectiousness and disease progression) and vaccination programme strategies to be considered in the cost-effectiveness modeling analyses. The study will provide decision-makers with modeling data on vaccination policy considerations that will assist in developing country-level capacities for future HIV vaccine policy adoption and effective delivery systems, and will help delineate the long-term financial requirements for sustainable HIV vaccination programmes. The WHO-UNAIDS HIV Vaccine Initiative and the collaborating researchers welcome comments or questions from policy makers, health professionals and other stakeholders in the public and private sectors about this effort to help advance policy and capacity related to future potential HIV vaccines. 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Blood Pressure, and Heart Rate

The release of substance P (SP)-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI) in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and the cardiovascular changes to both high-tension (HT) and low-tension (LT) contractions were determined using c-chloralose-anesthetized cats. Over a 10-minute period, seven contractions (HT or LT) were induced. Each contraction was 20 seconds in duration and was followed by an 80-second quiescent period. The tension-time index (TTI) for the HT contractions was 2751±348 kg * s (mean± SD), which was greater than the TTI of 813±167 kg s for the LT contractions. The HT contractions caused a greater release of SP-LI than the LT contractions: SP-LI increased from 0.18±0.02 to 0.32±0.03 fmol/100 ,uL and from 0.18±0.02 to 0.25±0.04 fmol/100 ,L for the two types of contractions, respectively. Concomitant with this greater SP-LI release, HT contractions caused larger increases in mean arterial pressure (34±16 versus 11±4 mm Hg) and heart rate (18±7 versus 8±4 beats per minute) than did the LT contractions. These changes in SP-LI, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate were virtually abolished when the contractions
VaginalHysterectomy for the Prolapsed Uterus

Although most gynecologists are comfortable performing vaginal hysterectomy in the patient without significant uterovaginal prolapse, vaginal hysterectomy for the prolapsed uterus poses unique challenges and requires an increased awareness of deviations in pelvic anatomy that may result. This review article discusses the background of vaginal hysterectomy performed for uterovaginal prolapse, the pathophysiology of uterovaginal prolapse, preoperative assessment of the patient with uterovaginal prolapse, surgical technique, ureteral anatomy, techniques to avoid injury to the ureter at the time of vaginal hysterectomy for uterovaginal prolapse, and other relevant considerations.
Pengaruh yogurt sinbiotik pisang terhadap kadar glukosa dan insulin tikus sindrom metabolik

Background: The metabolic syndrome often begins with insulin resistance characterized by hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. Synbiotic yoghurt tanduk banana contains probiotic and prebiotic FOS can improve insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome. Objective: To prove the effect of synbiotic yoghurt tanduk banana can reduce blood glucose levels and insulin levels in metabolic syndrome rats. Method: True-experimental study with randomized controlled group pre-post test design in male wistar rats. Eighteen samples were induced to become metabolic syndrome with high fat fructose diet for 2 weeks and they were divided into 3 groups: control (K) was given standard diet, treatment group 1 (P1), and treatment group 2 (P2) were given sinbiotic yoghurt tanduk banana dose of 0.009 ml/g body weight (BW)/day and 0.018 ml/g BW/day for 2 weeks. Results: The paired t-test showed there were differences of blood glucose levels and insulin levels before and after treatment in P2 group. The Kruskal Wallis test showed there were differences of mean blood glucose levels inter group after treatment (p<0.05). The One-way Anova test showed there were differences of mean insulin levels inter group after treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: Synbiotic yoghurt tanduk banana can reduce blood glucose levels and insulin levels in metabolic syndrome rat with effective dose is 0.018 ml/grBW/day.
Investigating interactions between rat adult cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts in the heart

Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given