Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stagnation, income distribution and monopoly power

The deceleration in the rate of industrial growth in the Indian economy since the middlesixties, initially interpreted by some as a temporary downward deviation from trend, hasnow come to be generally accepted as reflecting long-run tendencies towards stagnation.Several explanations for these tendencies have been offered. Bhagwati and Desai (1970)and Bhagwati and Srinivasan (1975) have focused on inefficiencies and the misallocationof resources arising from industrial policies pursued by the government. Others,Chakravarty (1974), Raj (1976) and Vaidyanathan (1974) among them, have emphasisedthe sluggishness of agricultural growth which is alleged to have retarded industrial growthby limiting markets and the supply of wage goods and raw materials. A third view, reflectedin Srinivasan and Narayana (1977) for example, has put the blame on a slackening of invest-ment demand due to lower public investment, but does not explain why public investmentfell, or why its fall restrained industrial growth. Finally, there is the explanation, put forthin Bagchi (1970, 1975, 1982), in Nayyar (1978) and in parts of Mitra (1977), that inequali-ties in income distribution have resulted in a limited demand for industrial goods, reducedincentives for investment, and therefore reduced growth. This view seems to suggest apositive relation between growth and income equality which is opposed to the generallyaccepted idea, derived from Cambridge growth models, that higher growth requires greaterinequality.The purpose of this paper is to examine the last explanation by considering the inter-action between growth and income distribution in an underdeveloped economy with thehelp of a simple macroeconomic model. The model is a stylisation of the Indian economy,so that we will be able to use the model to assess the argument that a deceleration in therate of growth of the Indian industrial economy could have been caused by an unequaldistribution of income. The argument will not be made that this income distributional con-straint is the binding constraint on industrial growth: the model will merely examine theinternal consistency of the argument that a bad income distribution could explain stagnation(in the sense of reduced growth), and show that in the Indian context, as in other similarcontexts, this argument can be put forward in explaining 'stagnation'. Our argument is first presented with a highly simplified schematisation of the Indianeconomy, which we shall call the basic model. The economy modelled produces only one
A Novel Memetic Algorithm Based on Decomposition for Multiobjective Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem

A novel multiobjective memetic algorithm based on decomposition (MOMAD) is proposed to solve multiobjective flexible job shop scheduling problem (MOFJSP), which simultaneously minimizes makespan, total workload, and critical workload. Firstly, a population is initialized by employing an integration of different machine assignment and operation sequencing strategies. Secondly, multiobjective memetic algorithm based on decomposition is presented by introducing a local search to MOEA/D. The Tchebycheff approach of MOEA/D converts the three-objective optimization problem to several single-objective optimization subproblems, and the weight vectors are grouped by K-means clustering. Some good individuals corresponding to different weight vectors are selected by the tournament mechanism of a local search. In the experiments, the influence of three different aggregation functions is first studied. Moreover, the effect of the proposed local search is investigated. Finally, MOMAD is compared with eight state-of-the-art algorithms on a series of well-known benchmark instances and the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms or at least has comparative performance to the other algorithms.
Influence of Cement Kiln Dust As Partial Replacement on some Properties of Ordinary and White Portland Cement

Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) is produced as a solid waste with large quantities during manufacturing of Portland cement clinker. The possibility of utilizing CKD as partial replacement for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and White Portland Cement (WPC) produced in factories of the Iraqi cement state company has been examined in this study to fulfil the environmental and economical aims. Different percentages of CKD were blended with OPC and WPC mixes. The results show that the amount of water for normal consistency were increased with about 39 % and 31 % for OPC and WPC blended with 25 % CKD. The setting time (initial and final) decreases with increasing percent of CKD added. Compressive strength decreases slightly with increasing CKD content up to 10 %. For 7- day curing time, it decreases 7 % and 9 % for OPC and WPC mixes, respectively. As percent of added CKD increases to more than 10 %, the compressive strength and other parameters where affected significantly. Overall results proved that OPC and WPC blended with up to 10 % CKD are admissible for passing relevant specification requirements.
CALCULATIONS OF THE STRUCTURAL, ELASTIC AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF ZnSe AT AMBIENT AND HIGH PRESSURE

The structural, elastic and optical properties of ZnSe in the phases of (B3) zinc-blende and (B1) rock-salt are calculated by using the full-potential linear augmented plane wave (FPLAPW) method based on the density functional theory (DFT) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The calculated equilibrium lattice constant, bulk modulus, its pressure derivative and elastic stiffness coefficients are found in good agreement with the experimental and other theoretical data. The optical constants such as dielectric functions, refractive indices, reflectivity, absorption coefficient, optical conductivitity, loss functions and extinction coefficient have been calculated for the photon energies up to 14 eV.
High-Bandwidth Direct Modulation of Distributed-Feedback Quantum-Well Lasers

Abstract : Wide-bandwidth microwave modulation of semiconductor strained quantum-well lasers using distributed feedback structures plays an important role in high bit-rate optical communication systems. It is therefore critical to conduct research on the device physics of strained semiconductor quantum-well lasers under high-frequency modulation and on the creation of new techniques to characterize high-speed quantum-well lasers. The goals of this project are (1) to design and fabricate high bandwidth distributed feedback quantum- well lasers using strain effects and (2) to combine microwave and optical measurement techniques to investigate the physics and device performance of quantum-well lasers under high-speed modulation conditions. The project is interdisciplinary in nature since optoelectronic device technology, microwave and optical measurement techniques will be introduced to the study of high-frequency modulation of quantum-well lasers for optical communication systems.
Interstellar chemistry of nitrogen hydrides in dark clouds

Nitrogen, amongst the most abundant metals in the interstellar medium, has a peculiar chemistry that differs from those of carbon and oxygen. Recent observations of several nitrogen-bearing species in the interstellar medium suggest abundances in sharp disagreement with current chemical models. Although some of these observations show that some gas-grain processes are at work, gas-phase chemistry needs first to be revisited. Strong constraints are provided by recent Herschel observations of nitrogen hydrides in cold gas. The aim of the present work is to comprehensively analyse the interstellar chemistry of nitrogen, focussing on the gas-phase formation of the smallest polyatomic species and, in particular, on nitrogen hydrides. We present a new chemical network in which the kinetic rates of critical reactions have been updated based on recent experimental and theoretical studies, including nuclear spin branching ratios. Our network thus treats the different spin symmetries of the nitrogen hydrides self-consistently, together with the ortho and para forms of molecular hydrogen. This new network is used to model the time evolution of the chemical abundances in dark cloud conditions. The steady-state results are analysed, with special emphasis on the influence of the overall amounts of carbon, oxygen, and sulphur. Our calculations are also compared with Herschel/HIFI observations of NH, NH 2 ,a nd NH 3 detected towards the external envelope of the protostar IRAS 16293-2422. The observed abundances and abundance ratios are reproduced for aC /O gas-phase elemental abundance ratio of ∼0.8, provided that the sulphur abundance be depleted by a factor greater than 2. The ortho-to-para ratio of H2 in these models is ∼10 −3 . Our models also provide predictions for the ortho-to-para ratios of NH2 and NH3 of ∼2.3 and ∼0.7, respectively. We conclude that the abundances of nitrogen hydrides in dark cloud conditions are consistent with the gas-phase synthesis predicted with our new chemical network.
Tracing coherences of quantum states by ultrafast laser spectroscopy

An overview of the influence of coherent coupling in light–matter interaction traced by transients in pumpprobe spectroscopy is given, with special emphasis on interest and works provided by the authors. Advantages of this technique used to trace pathways of transfer and decay of quantum coherences in atoms, molecular aggregates, and biological structures, as well as feasibility of the probing of both the lifetime and characteristic lengths (area, volume) of coherent excitations are discussed. Theoretical analysis of the pump-probe measure ments is based on the numerical solution of the equation for the reduced density matrix in the representation of atomic, molecular, and excitonic states, considering coherent coupling between light and appropriate quantum states precisely.
Trichoderma: A magical weapon against soil borne pathogens

Trichoderma species occur worldwide. The members of the genus Trichoderma are widely used as bioagent for the control of phytopathogenic fungi in agriculture sector. Trichoderma not only parasites pathogen but it also enhance plant plant growth, help in the bioremediation of soil etc.Biocontrol activity of Trichoderma is known since 1930s.The effect of Trichoderma on soil borne pathogens is higher as compared to chemical fertilizers and it persists in soil for longer period after application. The members of this genus are reproducing asexually by the formation of cyanide and chlamydospore, in wild habitats they reproduce by formation of ascospores. Trichoderma species are well known for the production of cell wall degrading enzymes. These cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) play a major role in biocontrol mechanism. They are also widely exploited in industries as sources of enzymes.Use of biocontrol agents for reducing disease incidences provides an alternative for the chemical pesticides. Trichoderma species are among the most studied biocontrol agents. It has been found that there are many genes which are responsible for biocontrol activity these genes are called biocontrol genes. The sequencing of these genes should be done in order to produce miccroorganisms with superior biocontrol ability and also for the production of transgenic plant, that are resistant against plant pathogens. Key words:Trichoderma, phytopathogens, lytic enzymes, biocontrol genes.
Behavioural Modelling Outcomes prediction using Casual Factors

Generating models from large data sets—and deter-mining which subsets of data to mine—is becoming increasingly automated. However choosing what data to collect in the first place requires human intuition or experience, usually supplied by a domain expert. This paper describes a new approach to machine science which demonstrates for the first time that non-domain experts can collectively formulate features, and provide values for those features such that they are predictive of some behavioral outcome of interest. This was accomplished by building a web platform in which human groups interact to both respond to questions likely to help predict a behavioral outcome and pose new questions to their peers. This results in a dynamically-growing online survey, but the result of this cooperative behavior also leads to models that can predict user's outcomes based on their responses to the user-generated survey questions. Here we describe two web-based experiments that instantiate this approach: the first site led to models that can predict users' monthly electric energy consumption; the other led to models that can predict users' body mass index. As exponential increases in content are often observed in successful online collaborative communities, the proposed methodology may, in the future, lead to similar exponential rises in discovery and insight into the causal factors of behavioral outcomes. Index Terms: Crowdsourcing, machine science, surveys, social media, human behavior modeling
Media Markets, Special Interests, and Voters

This paper examines the role of mass media in countering special interest group influence. I use the concentration of campaign contributions from Political Action Committees to proxy special interests´ capture US Senate candidates from 1980 to 2002, and compare the reaction of voters to increases in concentration in two different types of media markets - in-state media markets and out-of-state media markets. Unlike in-state media markets, out-of-state markets focus on neighboring states´ politics and elections. Thus, if citizens punish political capture, increases in concentration of special interest contributions to a particular candidate should reduce his vote share in in-state counties relative to the out-of-state counties, where the candidate receives less coverage. I find that a one standard deviation increase in concentration of special interest contributions to incumbents reduces their vote share by about 0.5 to 1.5 percentage points in in-state counties relative to the out-of-state counties. Results are similar in specifications that rely solely on variation in concentration across time within the same county, and when the sample is limited to in-state counties that are contiguous to out-of-state counties and have similar demographic structures. A placebo test where in-state counties bordering out-of-state ones are compared to other in-state counties shows no effect, confirming the identification hypothesis that the results are not driven by geographic characteristics or distance from the media center of the state.
Mitigation in Turning down Business Proposals across Cultures: The Case for Pragmatic Competence Instruction

Writing ‘bad news’ messages in English constitute a skill critical to interpersonal effectiveness in today’s global marketplace. This study investigates the rejection (or refusal) strategies that native and non-native speakers use naturally, i.e. without the help of explicit pragmatic competence instruction. The data consist of the letters of rejection written by higher education students in response to a business proposal. These letters were analyzed in terms of four dimensions: meaning components, organizational approach and indirectness (using a framework derived from Felix-Brasdefer 2006) and the speech acts of apologizing and thanking (Wannaruk 2008). Results show that the student rejections display more variation, and even randomness, than predicted by the literature. Additionally, national culture and language appear to be much less of an explanatory factor than the students’ shared subcultural identity and exposure to similar models of communication. Overall, the data allow us to conclude that not only non-native but also native student writers would benefit from pedagogical interventions aimed at raising genre awareness and improving their intercultural pragmatic competence. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.17576/3L-2014-2001-07
CoRoT light curves of Blazhko RR Lyrae stars. Evidence of a strong correlation between phase and amplitude modulations of CoRoT ID 0105288363

Context. The CoRoT- Convection Rotation and planetary Transits - space mission provides a unique opportunity to monitor RR Lyrae stars with excellent time-sampling, unprecedented photometric precision, and a long time base of 150 days. Aims. The pulsation characteristics of RR Lyrae stars rely on robust physics, but we still lack a firm quantitative understanding of the physical mechanisms driving the Blazhko modulation and the long-term changes in their pulsation behavior. We use the high-precision space data of an unknown RR Lyrae star CoRoT ID 0105288363 observed during a second long run centered on the Galaxy - LRc02 -, to improve our understanding of the pulsation properties of RR Lyrae stars. Methods. The CoRoT data were corrected using a jump and trend filtering code. We applied different period-finding techniques including Period04, MuFrAn, PDM, and SigSpec. Amplitude and phase modulation were investigated using an analytical function method as well as traditional O-C diagrams. Results. For the first time, we detect significant cycle-to-cycle changes in the Blazhko modulation, which appear to be analogous to those predicted by Stothers - owing to the suppression of turbulent convection - to explain this phenomenon. We discuss the clear correlations between the phase and the amplitude of the bump, and the skewness and acuteness of the light curve during different Blazhko cycles. We find that these quantities are strongly anticorrelated with the fundamental pulsation period. This provides a strong support to the slow convective cycle model suggested by Stothers. We also detect a long-term modulation period in the maximum brightness spectrum. A more extended coverage of the long-term modulation is required to constrain its period. Seventh-order side peaks of the pulsation multiplet structure are also visible with the left-side peak amplitudes being higher than those of the right. This has never previously been detected. Future theoretical investigations are required to understand on a quantitative basis the complex behavior of the Blazhko effect. In particular, we still lack firm constraints of the physical mechanisms driving both phase and amplitude modulations during consecutive Blazhko cycles and their correlation, if any, with the long-term modulation.
Functional Outcome of Galeazzi Fractures Treated by ORIF and DRUJ Stabilization either Using Long Arm Cast or Transfixing Wire

Introduction: Galeazzi fracture is a condition where there is distal radial shaft fracture accompanied with disruption of the Distal Radioulnar Joint (DRUJ). Assessment of distal radio ulnar joint stability is mandatory and followed by further joint stabilization methods. The aim of this study was to study the functional outcome Galeazzi fracture management treated with ORIF followed by DRUJ strabilization using transfixing wire with long arm splint compared with long arm cast. Materials and methods: This study was a cross sectional observational study in patients with Galeazzi fractures from January 2007 to May 2012 underwent ORIF and DRUJ stabilization either using long arm cast or transfixing wire and long arm splint. Functional outcome measurement started at 3 months after surgery. The researcher contacted those eligible patients. After patients gave consent to the study, they were asked to do an interview guided by the researcher using QuickDASH score. The data was analysed using Fisher Exact test. Results: A total of 32 patients with Galeazzi fracture underwent ORIF followed by DRUJ stabilization. 72% had good functional outcome in subjects underwent ORIF followed by transfixing wire with long arm splint and 79% subjects using long arm cast (p-value>0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that Galeazzi fracture patients treated with ORIF followed by long arm cast or transfixing wire and long arm splint had not significantly differ and had equally good functional outcome results.
Reducing Organizational Politics in Performance Appraisal: The Role of Coaching Leaders for Age‐Diverse Employees

We examined whether a supervisor's coaching leadership style predicts the perception of organizational politics in performance appraisal (OPPA) reported by the collaborators. Additionally, we drew on social cognition and motivational life-span development theories to hypothesize age-related differences in perceived OPPA and its link with the coaching leadership style. Using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) on a sample of 576 employees and 112 leaders, we found that coaching leaders are perceived as less manipulative in their performance ratings, especially by older employees. This article includes a discussion of the implications these results have for performance management of an age-diverse workforce. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiac rehabilitation in chronic heart failure

Chronic heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by multi-organ dysfunction and progressive functional deterioration. From the result of the literature, it is evident that the optimal care for heart failure is far from being reached, and exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (Ex-CR) is a multidisciplinary therapeutic option with important clinical benefits. Longitudinal controlled studies and meta-analyses have demonstrated that Ex-CR improves functional capacity by 12-25%, and improves outcome by significantly decreasing hospital readmissions and cardiac mortality. These results have been obtained in patients with systolic dysfunction (HF-REF) with moderate aerobic endurance programs. More recently, greater improvements in functional capacity have been obtained even in older patients (>75 years) with high intensity interval training, but the number of patients is too small at present to reach definitive conclusion, and follow up is lacking. In diastolic heart failure (HF-PEF) improvements in functional capacity have been described in a total of 282 patients, with similar results as HF-REF but no evidence on outcome. Ex-CR programs are safe with a very low number of cardiac arrest (1/300,000 patient/hour) in different trials. Clinical benefits are the result of central and peripheral adaptations induced by exercise, which acts as a trigger of protein synthesis by specific genes activated by it. It is crucial to maintain a specific stimulus by repeating exercise bouts at least 2-3 times per week all life long, because after 2-3 weeks of inactivity functional adaptations disappear.
Development of opinion-based audiovisual quality models for desktop video-teleconferencing

This paper discusses the analysis of an audiovisual desktop video-teleconferencing subjective experiment conducted at the Institute for Telecommunication Sciences. Objective models of the individual audio and video quality are presented. Also discussed is an objective model of the audiovisual quality based upon the results of the individual objective audio and video quality models. Finally, a subjective model of audiovisual quality based upon users' ratings of the audio and video quality is discussed.