Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Labeling effect in insects: Cue associations influence perceived food value in ants (Lasius niger).

Humans usually assess options not in terms of absolute value, but relative to reference points. The framing of alternatives can strongly affect human decision-making, leading to different choices depending on the context within which options are presented. Similar reference-point effects have been recently reported in ants, in which foragers show contrast effects: Ants overvalue a medium-quality food source if they were expecting a poor one, and vice versa for expectations of good food. However, studies of human consumer psychology have demonstrated that expectations, for instance, from product labels, can drive value perception in the opposite direction, via a process of assimilation. For example, an expensive bottle of wine is perceived as more enjoyable compared with a cheaper bottle, even if the wine is the same. In this study, we demonstrate a similar labeling-association effect in an insect: Ants showed assimilation effects by spending twice as long drinking at medium-quality food if it was scented with an odor previously associated with high quality than if it was scented with a poor-quality label. The presence of odor cues in the food during consumption and evaluation is critical, as without them, odor-driven expectations of quality result in contrast, not assimilation effects. The addition of a quality label in the food thus reverses contrast effects and causes value to be aligned with expectations, rather than being contrasted against them. As value judgment is a key element in decision-making, relative value perception strongly influences which option is chosen and ultimately how choices are made. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Formalizing 𝜋-calculus in guarded cubical Agda

Dependent type theories with guarded recursion have shown themselves suitable for the development of denotational semantics of programming languages. In particular Ticked Cubical Type Theory (TCTT) has been used to show that for guarded labelled transition systems (GLTS) interpretation into the denotational semantics maps bisimilar processes to equal values. In fact the two notions are proved equivalent, allowing one to reason about equality in place of bisimilarity. We extend that result to the π-calculus, picking early congruence as the syntactic notion of equivalence between processes, showing that denotational models based on guarded recursive types can handle the dynamic creation of channels that goes beyond the scope of GLTSs. Hence we present a fully abstract denotational model for the early π-calculus, formalized as an extended example for Guarded Cubical Agda: a novel implementation of Ticked Cubical Type Theory based on Cubical Agda.
Institutional Ownership and Firm Performance: Evidence From Canada

This study examines the relationship between institutional ownership and firm performance using a sample of 567 Canadian firms in 2011. The focus on the Canadian firms provides additional insight towards the topic of institutional ownership as a remedial measure towards agency problems, since Canada has shared legal traditions with the United States, but has ownership concentration more comparable to levels in Western Europe and Asia. A distinguishing feature of this study's analysis involves the consideration of institutional investor by type as well as the inclusion of the number of such investors as a measure of ownership. The effects of institutional ownership on performance measures Tobin's Q, Industry-Adjusted Tobin's Q, and Return on Assets are estimated using ordinary least squares (OLS) and two-stage least squares (2SLS) methodology, where the latter is employed to offset the endogeneity bias to which the OLS method is susceptible. Although several relationships emerged between institutional ownership levels and measures of Tobin's Q in the OLS regression, only a negative relationship between both the percentage and the number of insurance company investors, was observed to be significant once estimated simultaneously under the 2 SLS method. For all measures of performance, Hausman tests reveal that OLS results are biased in multiple instances; meaningful interpretation must rely on the 2 SLS results.
On the separation r ∗-distribution for pion-kaon pairs in the experiment

The method of the lifetime measurement of hadronic (π+π−, π+K−, . . .) atoms in the DIRAC experiment at CERN is based on the production of the atoms in a thin target and subsequent detection of highly correlated hadronic pairs leaving the target as a result of the breakup of a part of the atoms which did not decay within the target [1]. Clearly, the breakup probability is a unique function of the target geometry and material, the Lorentz factor and the ground-state lifetime of the atom, thus allowing one to determine the latter. The breakup probability is defined as the ratio of the number N A of breakup atoms to the number NA of the atoms produced in the target: Pbr = N br A /NA. To determine N A , one has to measure the excess of highly correlated hadronic pairs at very small relative momenta Q of a few MeV/c in the pair center-of-mass system above the pairs correlated due to the Coulomb and strong final-state interaction (FSI). As for the number of produced atoms NA, it can be calculated based on the FSI theory in discrete and continuous spectrum. The FSI effect on the production of hadronic pairs is sensitive to the space-time extent of the production region mainly through the distance r∗ between the production points of the hadrons in the pair rest frame. In [1], only the Coulomb FSI was considered and the r∗-dependence was treated in an approximate way, dividing the pion emitters into short-lived and long-lived ones. It was assumed that r∗ = 0 for pion pairs arising solely from the short-lived emitters and characterized by the distances r∗ much smaller than the Bohr radius of the dihadron system, otherwise r∗ = ∞. Following [1], in the analysis of the data from DIRAC experiment, the nonrelativistic point-like Coulomb wave functions in continuous and discrete spectrum were respectively used in the simulation of correlated dihadron background and calculation of the number of produced hadronic atoms. Due to large Bohr radii of π+π− or π+K− systems of 387.5 fm or 248.6 fm respectively, the point-like treatment of Coulomb final state interaction is valid for the hadronic pairs composed of directly produced hadrons or hadrons from the decays of short-lived resonances. This treatment should be however modified for the pairs containing hadrons originating from decays of narrow resonances, like ω and η′ with the decay lengths in a decay pion rest frame (l = 〈pdec〉(mπΓ)) of 30 and 900 fm respectively, that are significant or comparable with the pair Bohr radii. One should also account for the strong final state interaction including, besides the elastic transitions π+π− → π+π− or π+K− → π+K− (driven at Q → 0 by the s-wave scattering lengths of 0.186 fm or
"What Should Inflation Targeting Countries Do When Oil Prices Rise and Drop Fast?"

After a long period of global price stability, in 2008 inflation increased sharply following unprecedented increases in the price of oil and other commodities, notably food. Although inflation remained lower and growth higher in inflation targeting countries than elsewhere, almost everywhere price stability seemed in jeopardy as consumer prices kept surging and central banks struggled to maintain expectations anchored. The rapid drop in energy and food prices that later accompanied the world slowdown helped avert the worse, but inflation stayed high in many inflation targeting countries. This paper uses a small open-economy DSGE model to design the correct monetary policy response to a protracted supply shock of the kind observed today, and explains how to choose optimal policy horizons under such shock. Using a version of the model with Kalman learning, the paper also evaluates the implications of a loss of target credibility, showing how rules must be adjusted when the authorities' commitment to low inflation has been eroded. The appropriate response to future evolutions of the price of oil, including to a large downward correction as recently observed, is also evaluated.
MODAL AUDIO EFFECTS : A CARILLON CASE STUDY

Modal representations—decomposing the resonances of objects into their vibrational modes has historically been a powerful tool for studying and synthesizing the sounds of physical objects, but it also provides a flexible framework for abstract sound synthesis. In this paper, we demonstrate a variety of musically relevant ways to modify the model upon resynthesis employing a carillon model as a case study. Using a set of audio recordings of the sixty bells of the Robert and Ann Lurie Carillon recorded at the University of Michigan, we present a modal analysis of these recordings, in which we decompose the sound of each bell into a sum of decaying sinusoids. Each sinusoid is characterized by a modal frequency, exponential decay rate, and initial complex amplitude. This analysis yields insight into the timbre of each individual bell as well as the entire carillon as an ensemble. It also yields a powerful parametric synthesis model for reproducing bell sounds and bell-based audio effects.
Concepts of spirituality within traditional management and organisation discourse

Over the last decade or so, we have witnessed a growing interest in the role of spirituality within traditional management and organisation discourse and research – a move beyond focusing on rational and non-rational issues, including those of emotion and intuition, to something perhaps more encompassing and holistic, maybe best popularised initially by Zohar andMarshall’s monograph on Spiritual Intelligence (2000). Yet, the questioning of the legitimacy of the construct of spirituality and its appropriateness in organisation discourse continues. In light of this ongoing debate, we offer an evolutionary-frame perspective on the development of the construct of spirituality, to demonstrate that while the ideas of organisational spirituality became quite popular in the twenty first century, the origins of this construct are present in the longer evolution of organisation and management thought. The paper forms part of a broader study of spirituality within contemporary organisations, investigating the relationship between employees and organisations from a spiritual perspective. The question addressed here is how did interest about and an increased presence of spirituality in organisational life evolve, the answers to which should assist comprehension of the phenomenon and contextualise further research in the field. In answering within the scope of a paper, we have combined the work of Bolman and Deal (2008) who provide a frame (multi-perspective) model that summarises traditional management and organisation literature, and that of Wilber (1996, 2000), whose meta-framework offers an integrated, non-dual perspective on reality, where external and internal, collective and individual are part and parcel of each other. We focus on how organisational thought developing within broader societal development, scientific discoveries, and achievements in philosophy, spurred the evolution of the concept of spirituality as connected and opposed to religion. This crucial dimension in answering our question is explored by outlining the main trends in conceptualising spirituality and religion, and making our case for defining both in the context of organisation discourse.
Prevalence of Antibiotics Prescription and Assessment of Prescribed Daily Dose in Outpatients from Mexico City

Pharmacoepidemiological research about antibiotics is supported by the World Health Organization (WHO), but data regarding antibiotic prevalence based on actual prescriptions and dosing patterns are insufficient. The aims were: (i) To estimate the prevalence and prescribed daily dose (PDD) of antibiotics in outpatients from Mexico City and (ii) to compare the PDD against the defined daily dose (DDD), as established by the WHO. The study included 685 prescriptions of antibiotics selected randomly from five geographical zones of Mexico City. Drug, dose, frequency, and duration of treatment were obtained from each prescription. PDD values of each antibiotic drug were calculated as the average of the daily doses. Sub-use and overuse were determined by the ratio PDD/DDD for each prescription. The most prescribed antibiotics to outpatients from Mexico City included six pharmacological groups: quinolones (28%), penicillins (23%), cephalosporins (17%), macrolides (10%), lincosamides (9%), and sulfonamides (4%). Both overuse and sub-use were high (55% and 63%, respectively). In conclusion, most of the antibiotics with a high prevalence of prescription also had a high rate of either sub-use or overuse, with prescribed doses that significantly differ with their corresponding DDD. The dosing variation has important clinical implications since it denotes low prescription control.
Combination therapy

Abstract Background: This study systematically reviews the data for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) alone or combined TACE and cryoablation therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma, aiming to provide clinical choice references for treatment of cancer. Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Google Scholar) were systematically searched to include relevant studies published in English and Chinese between Jan 1, 2000, to July 31, 2017. The analysis was conducted in RevMan 5.3 based on random effects models. Results: Nineteen trials (n = 1427) were included. Combined TACE and cryoablation therapy had higher survival rate (1-year survival [RR 1.37; 95%-CI 1.26,1.49], 2-year survival [RR 1.50; 95%-CI 1.25,1.79], 3-year survival [RR 1.67; 95%-CI 1.16,2.40]), complete necrosis [RR 2.53; 95%-CI 2.07,3.10] and tumor control [RR 1.57; 95%-CI 1.40,1.75], which is more favorable for long-term efficacy of non-surgical hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumor recurrence of control group was above combination therapy [RR 0.27; 95%-CI 0.17, 0.43]. Compared with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, effect of combination therapy occurred mainly in the survival, complete necrosis, tumor control, and recurrence. Taking combination therapy was generally more effective than taking TACE only. Conclusion: Compared with TACE only used to treat cancer, combination therapy had the best effect profile in general, and it had better survival in HCC when taking an integrated approach. The prognosis of treatments based on combination therapy is modulated by cryoablation.
Requirement for epithelial p38α in KRAS-driven lung tumor progression

Significance Nearly half of the cases of lung cancer bear mutations in the RAS pathway. Unfortunately, no specific drugs are available to successfully target many RAS-driven tumors that are not surgically resectable. Despite the sound rationale for targeting oncogene products for cancer therapeutics, this often leads to development of resistance. As an alternative, nononcogenic proteins can sometimes facilitate tumor progression, and, even though they are neither mutated nor overexpressed in the malignant cells, they may represent potential targets for anticancer therapies. We have found that nononcogenic signaling through p38α plays a tumor-promoting function in lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells by inducing the expression of TIMP-1, a growth factor-like protein. We propose that p38α inhibition could be therapeutically useful. Malignant transformation entails important changes in the control of cell proliferation through the rewiring of selected signaling pathways. Cancer cells then become very dependent on the proper function of those pathways, and their inhibition offers therapeutic opportunities. Here we identify the stress kinase p38α as a nononcogenic signaling molecule that enables the progression of KrasG12V-driven lung cancer. We demonstrate in vivo that, despite acting as a tumor suppressor in healthy alveolar progenitor cells, p38α contributes to the proliferation and malignization of lung cancer epithelial cells. We show that high expression levels of p38α correlate with poor survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients, and that genetic or chemical inhibition of p38α halts tumor growth in lung cancer mouse models. Moreover, we reveal a lung cancer epithelial cell-autonomous function for p38α promoting the expression of TIMP-1, which in turn stimulates cell proliferation in an autocrine manner. Altogether, our results suggest that epithelial p38α promotes KrasG12V-driven lung cancer progression via maintenance of cellular self-growth stimulatory signals.
EXPLAINING THE GALACTIC INTERSTELLAR DUST GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION

We present here a new theoretical model designed to explain the interstellar dust grain size distribution function (IDGSDF), and compare its results with previous observationally derived distributions and with previous theoretical models. The range of grain sizes produced in the late stages of stars with different masses is considered, and folded into a model which takes into account the observed changes in the historical local star formation rate. Stars in different mass ranges reach their grain producing epochs at times whose mass dependence is quantifiable, and the range of grain sizes produced has also been estimated as a function of stellar mass. The results show an IDGSDF that has a global slope comparable to the observationally derived plot and three peaks at values of the grain radius comparable to those in the observationally derived distribution, which have their ultimate origin in three major peaks which have been observed in the star formation rate (SFR) over the past 15 Gyr. The model uses grain–grain interactions to modify pre-existing size distributions at lower grain sizes, where collisions appear more important. The interactions include disruption by collisions as well as coagulation to form larger grains. The initial distributions are given a range of initial functions (flat, Gaussian, fractal) for their physical parameters, as well as geometrical forms ranging from spherical to highly elongated. The particles are constrained in an imaginary box, and laws of inelastic collisions are applied. Finally, we combine the two models and produce an IDGSDF which is a notably good match to the observational fit, and specifically at small grain radii reproduces the data better than the “SFR model” alone.
Archaeal diversity ina terrestrial acidic spring ¢ eld revealed bya novelPCR primer targetingarchaeal 16 S rRNAgenes

The phylogenetic diversity of archaeal 16S rRNA genes in a thermoacidic spring field of Ohwakudani, Hakone, Japan, was investigated by PCR-based analysis using a novel Archaea-specific primer designed in the present study. Clone libraries of archaeal 16S rRNA genes were constructed from hot water (78 1C) and mud (28 1C) samples by PCR using a newly designed forward primer and a previously reported forward primer with reverse primers. Most phylotypes found in the libraries from the hot water sample were related to cultured (hyper)thermophiles. The phylotypes and their detection frequencies from the hot water sample were similar for the libraries amplified with the two different primer sets. In contrast, phylotypes having a low similarity (o 95%) to cultured Archaea were found in the libraries from the mud sample. Some of the phylotypes were relatively close to members of Thermoplasmata (80–93% similarity) and the others were not clearly affiliated with Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota, but related to Thaumarchaeota and Korarchaeota. The phylotypes and their detection frequencies were significantly different between the two libraries of the mud sample. Our results from the PCR-based analysis using the redesigned primer suggest that more diverse, uncultured Archaea are present in acidic environments at a low temperature than previously recognized.
Poisson Reducing Unilateral Filtering for X-ray Image Denoising

This paper is enhancement of author‟s earlier work, Poisson noise Reducing Bilateral Filter (PRBF). This paper recommends two major changes in PRBF. One change is to make PRBF independent of distance variance i.e. filter performance is based on single parameter (range variance). Therefore this proposed work is named as Poisson Reducing UnilateralFiltering (PRUF). Similarly, performance of PRBF on edge region is enhanced due to second change and same is demonstrated through experimentation. Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and Structural similarity index matching (SSIM) quality metrics are used for comparison of proposed PRUF with existing PRBF. General Terms Image denoising, Poisson noise reducing bilateral filter, X-ray images, Bilateral filter.
Antiplatelet Drug Ticagrelor Enhances Chemotherapeutic Efficacy by Targeting the Novel P2Y12-AKT Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Background: Extensive research has reported that extracellular ADP in the tumour microenvironment can stimulate platelets through interaction with the platelet receptor P2Y12. In turn, activated platelets release biological factors supporting cancer progression. Experimental data suggest that the tumour microenvironment components, of which platelets are integral, can promote chemotherapy resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Thus, overcoming chemoresistance requires combining multiple inhibitors that simultaneously target intrinsic pathways in cancer cells and extrinsic factors related to the tumour microenvironment. We aimed to determine whether ticagrelor, an inhibitor of the ADP–P2Y12 axis and a well-known antiplatelet drug, could be a therapeutic option for PDAC. Methods: We investigated a functional P2Y12 receptor and its downstream signalling in a panel of PDAC cell lines and non-cancer pancreatic cells termed hTERT-HPNE. We tested the synergistic effect of ticagrelor, a P2Y12 inhibitor, in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs (gemcitabine, paclitaxel and cisplatin), in vitro and in vivo. Results: Knockdown studies revealed that P2Y12 contributed to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation and the expression of SLUG and ZEB1, which are transcriptional factors implicated in metastasis and chemoresistance. Studies using genetic and pharmacological inhibitors showed that the P2Y12–EGFR crosstalk enhanced cancer cell proliferation. Inhibition of P2Y12 signalling significantly reduced EGF-dependent AKT activation and promoted the anticancer activity of anti-EGFR treatment. Importantly, ticagrelor significantly decreased the proliferative capacity of cancer but not normal pancreatic cells. In vitro, synergism was observed when ticagrelor was combined with several chemodrugs. In vivo, a combination of ticagrelor with gemcitabine significantly reduced tumour growth, whereas gemcitabine or ticagrelor alone had a minimal effect. Conclusions: These findings uncover a novel effect and mechanism of action of the antiplatelet drug ticagrelor in PDAC cells and suggest a multi-functional role for ADP-P2Y12 signalling in the tumour microenvironment.