Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extraction of the DSSC parameters under dark and illumination conditions

The electrical Conduction mechanism and the extracted electrical characteristics of the TiO 2 -based DSSCs were studied in dark and under different illumination intensities. The forward current was found to be increased exponentially with the applied voltage in the region of â‰¤ 0.4 V, which was dominated by the thermionic emission. The ideality factor, barrier height and series resistance values of the DSSC were determined. In the region 0.4 â‰¤ â‰¤ 1 V, the current transport was due to the space-charge-limited current controlled by an exponential trap distribution. From the currentâ€“voltage characteristics of the DSSC under illumination, the photocurrent response of the solar cell indicates that the photogeneration of charge carriers was controlled by of supralinear recombination mechanisms with -value equals to 1.32.
Membrane Pore Formation Induced by Acetylated and Polyethylene Glycol-Conjugated Polyamidoamine Dendrimers

We performed molecular dynamics (MD) simu-lations of 36 copies of unmodified (charged), acetylated, and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated G4 dendrimers in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayers with explicit water using coarse-grained (CG) lipid and PEG force fields (FF). Attachment of small PEG chains to the dendrimer leads to the same reduction in membrane permeability as does attachment of acetyl groups, while a larger PEG size or a higher degree of PEGylation induces even fewer pores. This indicates that PEGylation is more efficient than acetylation in reducing membrane permeability and cytotoxicity, in qualitative agreement with experimental findings (Kim et al. Bioconjugate Chem. 2008, 19, 1660). Attachment of larger PEG chains makes the dendrimer−PEG complex larger and more spherical. Although a larger size and a more spherical shape are usually conducive to pore formation, a thick PEG layer on the dendrimer surface blocks the charge interaction between cationic dendrimer terminals and a.
Teaching a Social Science Course on Climate Change: Suggestions for Active Learning

Previous research indicates the importance of interdisciplinary approaches when teaching about climate change. Specifically, social science perspectives allow students to understand the policy, economic, cultural, and personal influences that impact environmental change. This article describes one such college course that employed active-learning techniques. Course topics included community resilience, environmental education, historical knowledge timeline, climate justice, social vulnerability, youth action, science communication, hope versus despair, misinformation, and climate refugees. To unify these concepts, engaging activities were developed that specifically address relevant individual, local, state, national, and international climate resilience themes. Students assessed their personal climate footprint, explored social/cultural influences, wrote policy requests to relevant local/state government officials, studied national policy options, and learned about previous global initiatives. The course culminated in a mock global climate summit, which was modeled on a Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This final activity required each student to prepare a policy report and represent a nation in negotiating a multilateral climate agreement. It is accepted that climate change education must include physical data on the impacts of anthropogenic emissions. It is also essential that students appreciate the interdisciplinary nature of climate adaptations, become hopeful about addressing change, and gain skills necessary to engage as informed climate citizens.
Effect of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) on the prevalence and viability of hydrogenotrophic methanogens

Anaerobic degradation of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) is essential for efficient biogas production from complex lipid-containing wastewaters. Methanogens play a key role in this process, but the general idea is that LCFA exert a toxic effect towards these microorganisms that impairs good methane recovery. In this work, the effect of saturated (palmitate, C16:0) and unsaturated (oleate, C18:1) LCFA towards hydrogenotrophic methanogens was studied in batch enrichments and in pure cultures. Methanospirillum hungatei and Methanobacterium formicicum were added to oleateand palmitate-degrading enrichments, cultures OM and PM, and their prevalence was subsequently monitored by PCR-DGGE. M. formicicum grew in both OM and PM cultures, while M. hungatei only prevailed in PM culture. Viability tests using live/dead staining further confirmed that M. hungatei is more sensitive to oleate than M. formicicum. The percentage of damaged cells, caused by the exposure to 0.5 mM of oleate, was higher in M. hungatei cultures (99 ± 1 %) than in M. formicicum cultures (53 ± 10 %). These results suggest that oleate is more inhibitory to methanogens than palmitate, although methane production was not completely inhibited with either LCFA.
ARTERIAL AND VENOUS VASCULARIZATION OF THE LUNG IN AMERICAN MINK (NEOVISON VISON)

This paper presents a comprehensive anatomic overview of normal pulmonary vascularization in an American mink (Neovison vison), with emphasis on venous and arterial peculiarities as regards its course and potential disruptions. The study is designed as macro-morphological and vascular network analysis of lungs of fifteen minks of different age and gender. Dissection is conducted along with injection corrosion method in order to clearly visualize the vascular topology, bronchial tree, arterial and venous trees, and their interconnections. The specimens exhibit consistence in the arterial branching pattern with negligible range of alterations. It was noticed that upon leaving the right ventricle of heart, pulmonary trunk divides ventrally from the site of tracheal bifurcation. The divisions were identified as left and right pulmonary arteries, which then ramified in the left and right lung, respectively. Left a. pulmonalis further divides into two major branches ramus lobi cranialis and ramus lobi caudalis, while the right a. pulmonalis gives five major branches for lobes in the right lung. Total of five pulmonary veins leave pulmonary lobes and enter left atrium of the heart. Mink has a distinct niche in biomedical research, proving as a suitable model to enhance the understandings of the various diseases. Gained insights are valuable as reference values for examination of the vasculature in other Mustelidae species, recognition of potential deviations and vascular remodeling due to respiratory diseases.
Network of gold conjugates for enhanced sensitive immunochromatographic assays of troponins

Highly sensitive detection of cardiac troponins I and T (cTnI and cTnT) was completed by immunochromatography with double amplification, through the binding of functionalized gold nanoparticles (GNPs). The robust nature of the approach, based on the formation of nanoparticle networks through the biotin–streptavidin interaction, was confirmed; the choice of the best assay parameters for maximal increase in ICA sensitivity was demonstrated. A bifunctional conjugate of GNPs with biotinylated specific IgG and two auxiliary conjugates, GNP–biotin and GNP–streptavidin, form three-component aggregates in the analytical zone of the test strip. The inclusion of abundant gold labels in the resulting immune complex leads to an amplified colorimetric signal. The limits of detection (LoDs) of cTnI and cTnT were 0.9 and 0.4 ng mL−1, respectively, which is 3 times lower than the LoDs of more commonly used systems. Visual LoDs were 10-fold lower in concentration. The enhancement has been realized both in single and double assay formats; analysis of cTnI and cTnT presented the same characteristics.
Innovation in Malmö after the Öresund Bridge

We analyze the effect of the Oresund Bridge, a combined railway and motorway bridge between Swedish Malmo and the Danish capital Copenhagen, on inventive activity in the region of Malmo. Applying difference-in-difference estimation on individual-level data, our findings suggest that the Oresund Bridge led to a significant increase in the number of patents per individual in the Malmo region as compared to the two other major regions in Sweden, Gothenburg and Stockholm. We show that a key mechanism is the attraction of highly qualified workers to the Malmo region following the construction of the bridge.
Optimizing CNT Loading in Antimicrobial Composites for Urinary Tract Application

Several methodologies have been implemented with the intent of preventing or reducing the formation of biofilms on indwelling urinary devices. The use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the biomedical field has been increasing, particularly in the production of antimicrobial and antifouling coatings. Despite their proven antimicrobial properties, their use as coating materials for urinary tract devices (UTDs) is still poorly documented. In the present work, CNT/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) composite materials containing different CNT loadings were prepared and further tested against Escherichia coli under conditions prevailing in UTDs. Besides CNT loading optimization, textural modifications were also introduced on the surface of CNTs to improve the antibiofilm properties of the final composites. Material characterization included the textural evaluation of CNTs and the assessment of surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy, while the surface hydrophobicity was determined by contact angle measurements. Biofilm analysis was performed by determining the number of culturable and total cells and by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results revealed that, by filling the PDMS matrix with 3 wt% CNT loading, a significant reduction in cell culturability (39%) can be achieved compared to PDMS. Additionally, the textural modifications induced by ball-milling treatment proved to be effective on the inhibition of biofilm formation, reducing the amount of biofilm per surface area, biofilm thickness and surface coverage in 31, 47 and 27%, respectively (compared to surfaces where CNTs were not ball-milled).
How COVID-19 influences the future of service management professions

PurposeCrises influence individuals’ career development. The COVID-19 crisis has global impacts in financial, health and social aspects and service industries are at the forefront of the pervasive impacts. This study investigated how college students’ perceptions of COVID-19 interplayed with self-efficacy on their academic plans and further identified major differences between students in service-oriented and nonservice-oriented majors.Design/methodology/approachA self-administered online survey was conducted with 299 undergraduates at a large Midwestern university during COVID-19. Regression analyses, including conditional analyses, examined the study hypotheses using SPSS.FindingsThe results showed that, in general, students’ self-efficacy reduced their intentions to change their academic majors. The joint effects of self-efficacy and perception of COVID-19 diverged among students in nonservice-oriented majors but converged among students in service-oriented majors (e.g. hospitality and tourism). These students in the service fields showed more commitment to their current majors even as their concerns about the social implications of COVID-19 increased.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that academic institutions should try to improve students’ self-efficacy to maintain their career commitments during crisis times. Furthermore, service organizations should highlight the importance of social aspects as recovery from COVID-19 begins as a tool to recruit college graduates.Originality/valueThe literature on career decisions of students in service industries is quite limited. This study enriches the body of career decisions research in the context of service management by highlighting how service sectors are influenced by COVID-19.
Analysis of Longitudinal Relationship among Elementary and Middle School Students Multicultural Acceptance, Self-concept, and Community Consciousness using the Latent Growth Model

As the proportion of multicultural family increases in Korea, there has been an acceleration in the emergence of a multicultural and multiracial society, resulting in more students with different cultural backgrounds in schools Therefore, it is necessary to achieve harmony and integration among people from various cultures and backgrounds The purpose of this study was to identify how multicultural acceptability affects self-concept and community consciousness by using longitudinal data collected for elementary and middle school students using a latent growth model, and to confirm the relationship between these variables As a result of the study, first, it was confirmed that the multicultural acceptance of elementary and middle school students influences the development of self-concept and community consciousness Second, a positive correlation was found between the three variables of multicultural acceptance, self-concept, and community consciousness This study has implications for establishing educational measures relating to multicultural acceptance, self-concept, and community consciousness for adolescents, who are at the stage where perceptions and attitudes toward diverse races and different cultures are cultivated
Workload aware autonomic resource management scheme using grey wolf optimization in cloud environment

Autonomic resource management on cloud is a challenging task because of its huge heterogeneous and distributed environment. There are several service providers in the cloud to provide a different set of cloud services. These services are delivered to the clients through a cloud network, and it needs to satisfy the Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements of users without affecting the Service Level Agreements. It can only manage through autonomic cloud resource managing frameworks. However, most of the existing frameworks are not much efﬁcient for managing cloud resources because of the varied applications and environments of the cloud. To defeat such problems, this paper proposed the workload aware Autonomic Resource Management Scheme (WARMS) in the cloud environment. Initially, the clustering of cloud workloads is achieved by Modiﬁed Density Peak Clustering algorithm. Further, the workload scheduling process is done using fuzzy logic for cloud resource availability. The autonomic system uses Grey Wolf Optimization for virtual machine deployment to achieve optimal resource provisioning. The WARMS system focused on reducing the Service Level Agreement violation, cost, energy usage, and time, and providing better QoS. The simulation results of WARMS shows the system delivering the cloud services more efﬁciently by the minimized rate of violation and enhanced QoS.
Test culture from a ‘new economy of power relations’ perspective

ABSTRACT This study draws on qualitative data to analyse the effect of the national Year 5 test culture on test actors in selected Slovak schools. The test culture is presented in the context of disciplinary power, while the method of analysis follows Foucault’s later recommendation to focus more on the ‘new economy of power relations’. Such an analysis is more empirically oriented and takes account of, and even emerges from, practical forms of resistance. It allows for a better understanding of the complexity and diversity of social responsiveness to the normative test culture in the school and the relativization of the one-sided power-oriented perception of the effect of testing in school settings. The study presents a critical view of across-the-board perceptions of national large-scale testing that ignore its specific normative setting and how it operates within the cultures themselves.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Polygala Elongata against CCI4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

The ethanolic extract of the plant Polygala elongata Klein Ex. Willd (Polygalaceae) was lnvesti- gated for its hepatoprotective activity in male Wistar rats. In acute toxicity studies, the extract when administered to mice as a single I.p. dose of 1000 mg/kg was found to be non toxic. The extract exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity at 200 mg/kg body weight, which was comparable to the activity exhibited by the reference standard, silymarln in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatoxicity model. Mangiferin, a xanthone, was the main component isolated from the ethyl methyl ketone fraction of the ethanolic extract. The flavonoid, quercetin-3-O-I²-D glucoside was also isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction.
Theory development in servitization through the application of fsQCA and experiments

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explain how the application of fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and experiments can advance theory development in the field of servitization by generating better causal explanations.Design/methodology/approachFsQCA and experiments are established research methods that are suited for developing causal explanations but are rarely utilized by servitization scholars. To support their application, we explain how fsQCA and experiments represent distinct ways of developing causal explanations, provide guidelines for their practical application and highlight potential application areas for a future research agenda in the servitization domain.FindingsFsQCA enables specification of cause–effects relationships that result in equifinal paths to an intended outcome. Experiments have the highest explanatory power and enable the drawing of direct causal conclusions through reliance on an interventionist logic. Together, these methods provide complementary ways of developing and testing theory when the research objective is to understand the causal pathways that lead to observed outcomes.Practical implicationsApplications of fsQCA help to explain to managers why there are numerous causal routes to attaining an intended outcome from servitization. Experiments support managerial decision-making by providing definitive “yes/no” answers to key managerial questions that address clearly specified cause–effect relationships.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this study is to help advance theory development in servitization by encouraging greater methodological plurality in a field that relies primarily on the qualitative case study methodology.
A Review on Initialization Methods for Nonnegative Matrix Factorization: Towards Omics Data Experiments

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) has acquired a relevant role in the panorama of knowledge extraction, thanks to the peculiarity that non-negativity applies to both bases and weights, which allows meaningful interpretations and is consistent with the natural human part-based learning process. Nevertheless, most NMF algorithms are iterative, so initialization methods affect convergence behaviour, the quality of the final solution, and NMF performance in terms of the residual of the cost function. Studies on the impact of NMF initialization techniques have been conducted for text or image datasets, but very few considerations can be found in the literature when biological datasets are studied, even though NMFs have largely demonstrated their usefulness in better understanding biological mechanisms with omic datasets. This paper aims to present the state-of-the-art on NMF initialization schemes along with some initial considerations on the impact of initialization methods when microarrays (a simple instance of omic data) are evaluated with NMF mechanisms. Using a series of measures to qualitatively examine the biological information extracted by a given NMF scheme, it preliminary appears that some information (e.g., represented by genes) can be extracted regardless of the initialization scheme used.
Design of Glycerol-Based Solvents for the Immobilization of Palladium Nanocatalysts: A Hydrogenation Study

Twenty-one green solvents, including glycerol-derived ethers, and their eutectic mixtures with two renewable ammonium salts, were used for the straightforward synthesis, stabilization, and immobilization of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs). The nature of the solvent allows tuning of the characteristics and properties of resulting catalytic systems in terms of particle size and morphology, stability, reactivity, and recoverability. Pd NPs immobilized in glycerol-based solvents were applied in the catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes, alkynes, and carbonyl compounds, as well as in the selective semihydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes. The optimal experimental parameters and the influence on the reactivity of the physicochemical properties of solvent, mainly the viscosity, were studied. Moreover, the most active and recoverable catalytic system, Pd NPs/N00Cl-100, was fully characterized both in the liquid phase and in the solid state, and its deactivation upon recovery was analyzed.
The effect of anthocyanins supplementation on liver enzymes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials

Abstract This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess effect of consuming anthocyanins (ACNs; pure ACNs or products containing ACNs) on liver enzymes levels including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT). Although no significant impact was detected on the liver enzymes, a significant reduction was observed on ALT (WMD = −4.932 U/L, 95% CI = −9.848 to −0.015, p = .049) and AST (WMD = −3.464 U/L, 95% CI = −6.034 to −0.894, p = .008) in the studies that examined them as primary outcomes. A significant decrease was found on AST among the healthy subjects (WMD = −4.325 U/L, 95% CI = −8.516 to −0.134, p = .043) and in the studies that used products containing ACNs as intervention (WMD = −2.201 U/L, 95% CI = −4.275 to −0.127, p = .037). Although no significant relation was detected between ACNs dosage and the liver enzymes, significant associations were found between the duration of trial with ALT (ALT: slope: 0.09, 95% CI = 0.040 to 0.139, p = .0003) and AST (slope: 0.076, 95% CI = 0.037 to 0.115, p = .0001). In conclusion, although ACNs had no significant effect on the liver enzymes, a significant decrease was discovered on ALT and AST in the studies that evaluated them as primary outcomes. A significant reduction was observed in AST in the healthy individuals and in the studies used products containing ACNs as intervention. Significant relations were also found between the duration of trial with ALT and AST. Further studies are required to confirm these results.
Axial Compression Performance of Square Tube Filled with Foam Aluminum

As a typical buffer energy absorbing structure, thin-walled tube filled with foam aluminum has good mechanical properties and energy absorption characteristics. Therefore, the axial compression performance of square tube and foam aluminum filled square tube was experimentally studied by quasi-static mechanical loading method. On the basis of the existing experimental research and theoretical analysis, the strain rate is introduced into the dynamic compression theory, and the mathematical model of the average crushing load of foam aluminum filled square tube under the axial quasi-static and impact loads is obtained. By comparing the theoretical results with the simulation results, the relative error of quasi-static and impact state is 2.8% and 8% respectively. This paper not only proves that foam aluminum filling can significantly improve the bearing capacity and energy absorption performance of square tube structure in the axial compression process, but also provides a more specific theoretical basis for the axial compression energy absorption design of square tube filled with foam aluminum.