Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fate of bone formed by guided tissue regeneration with or without grafting of Bio-Oss or Biogran. An experimental study in the rat.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to examine whether bone produced by guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in combination with Bio-Oss or Biogran is stable on a long-term basis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-four, 3-month-old Wistar rats were divided into three groups and rigid, hemispherical, teflon capsules were placed with their open part facing the lateral surface of the exposed mandibular ramus (one capsule per animal). In the first group, the capsules were loosely packed with a standardized quantity of Bio-Oss, in the second group with Biogran, and in the last group were left empty. After 1 year of healing, the capsules were removed. Six animals from each of the 3 experimental groups were killed immediately after capsule removal (baseline), or 3 or 6 months after re-entry. The volume of (1) newly formed bone, (2) remaining biomaterial particles, and (3) soft connective tissue in the space originally created by the capsule was estimated by a point-counting technique in three to four histological sections, taken by uniformly random sampling. RESULTS While considerable bone formation had occurred in the empty control capsules, only limited bone formation was observed in the two test groups. The major portion of the space originally created by the capsules in the test groups was occupied by biomaterial particles embedded in connective tissue. At baseline, the mean volume of newly formed bone occupied 23% of the original capsule space in the animals grafted with Bio-Oss, 12.6% in those implanted with Biogran, and 94.1% in those that received empty control capsules. Six months after capsule removal, the corresponding values were 21.5%, 13.2%, and 91.7%, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between baseline, and the 3-, and 6-month observation times in terms of bone volume for any of the three treatment groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Bone produced by GTR with and without implantation of Bio-Oss, or Biogran, is stable on a long-term basis, but bone formation is obstructed by implantation of these biomaterials.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in rosacea

Background: Rosacea is a common chronic disease of unclear pathogenesis, characterised by inflammation and vascular abnormalities of the facial skin and ocular surface. Recognising that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is vasoactive and has inflammatory activities, the expression of this molecule and its receptors, VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2, in rosacea was investigated. Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded sections of skin obtained from 20 patients with rosacea were immunostained to detect expression of VEGF, VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2, using an indirect methodology incorporating antigen retrieval. Adjacent sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Results: Biopsy specimens were characterised by perivascular and perifollicular lymphohistiocytic infiltration and dilated vascular channels. In addition to keratinocyte and epithelial staining, which was also noted in normal skin, vascular endothelium frequently stained positive for VEGF-R1 (14/20, 70%) and VEGF-R2 (20/20, 100%), but infrequently for VEGF (2/20, 10%). In most specimens, infiltrating leucocytes, including lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells, expressed VEGF (17/20, 85%), VEGF-R1 (20/20, 100%) and VEGF-R2 (20/20, 100%). Conclusion: Expression of VEGF receptors, both by vascular endothelium and infiltrating mononuclear cells, is observed in rosacea. Although not expressed by endothelium, VEGF is present in epidermis and epithelium, and is expressed by infiltrating cells. VEGF receptor–ligand binding may contribute to the vascular changes and cellular infiltration that occurs in rosacea.
An approach to realize a quantum Hadamard gate through optical implementation

Transverse modes of optical fields are proposed to be used as qubits for the implementation of quantum Hadamard gate. Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI), phase shifter, y-junction beam splitters and other optical devices are utilized to realize a quantum Hadamard gate. The possibility of this encoding scheme was designed, simulated and verified through rigorous numerical analyses using the Beam propagation method. The proposed gate has the potential of being more compact and easily realizable than some other optical implementation proposals since it is based on planar light wave circuit technology and can be constructed very easily by using a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer. The Results proved that the design is able to perform the required Hadamard transformation and the conclusion was reached that the model was a successful implementation of a quantum Hadamard gate.
Cardiac Cell-Based Therapy: Cell Types and Mechanisms of Actions

Over the past decade, the concept that the heart could undergo cardiac regeneration has rapidly evolved. Studies have indicated that numerous sites in the body harbor stem or progenitor cells, prompting clinical trials of these potential therapeutic cell-based approaches. Most notable are the series of trials utilizing either skeletal myoblasts or autologous whole bone marrow. More recently the quest has focused on specific bone marrow constituents, most notably the mesenchymal stem cell, which has several unique advantages including immunoprivilege, immunosuppression, and the ability to home to areas of tissue injury. Most recently, cells have been identified within the heart itself that are capable of self-replication and differentiation. The discovery of cardiac stem cells offers not only a potential therapeutic approach but also provides a plausible target for endogenous activation as a therapeutic strategy. Together the new insights obtained from studies of cell-based cardiac therapy have ushered in new biological paradigms and enormous potential for novel therapeutic strategies for cardiac disease.
Evidence for regulation of gluconeogenesis by the fructose phosphotransferase system in Salmonella typhimurium

A genetic locus designated fruR, previously mapped to min 3 on the Salmonella typhimurium chromosome, gave rise to constitutive expression of the fructose (fru) regulon and pleiotropically prevented growth on all Krebs cycle intermediates. Regulatory effects of fruR were independent of cyclic AMP and its receptor protein and did not prevent uptake of Krebs cycle intermediates. Instead, the phosphotransferase system appeared to regulate gluconeogenesis by controlling the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and phosphoenolpyruvate synthase.
Fake News , Real Consequences : Recruiting Neural Networks for the Fight Against Fake News

The Fake News Challenge (FNC-1) is a public competition that aims to find automatic methods for detecting fake news. The dataset for the challenge consists of headline-body pairs, with the objective being to classify the pairs as unrelated, agreeing, disagreeing, or discussing. We developed four neural network models for FNC-1, two using a feed-forward architecture and two using a recurrent architecture. After running over 100 experiments across different model architectures and hyperparameters, we determined that the best model was a bag-of-words followed by a three-layer multi-layer perceptron (BoW MLP). The BoW MLP model achieved categorical test-set accuracy of 93%, and on the competition-specific FNC-1 metric it achieved a test-set score of 89%—a full ten percentage points above the published baseline.
Charge trapping in ultrathin hafnium oxide

The charge trapping properties of ultrathin HfO/sub 2/ in MOS capacitors during constant voltage stress have been investigated. The effects of stress voltage, substrate type, annealing temperature, and gate electrode are presented in this letter. It is shown that the generation of interface-trap density under constant-voltage stress is much more significant for samples with Pt gate electrodes than that with Al gates. The trapping-induced flatband shift in HfO/sub 2/ with Al gates increases monotonically with injection fluence for p-type Si substrates, while it shows a turnaround phenomenon for n-type Si substrates due to the shift of the charge centroid. The trapping-induced flatband shift is nearly independent of stress voltage for p-type substrates, while it increases dramatically with stress voltage for n-type Si substrates due to two competing mechanisms. The trap density can be reduced by increasing the annealing temperature from 500/spl deg/C to 600/spl deg/C. The typical trapping probability for JVD HfO/sub 2/ is similar to that for ALD HfO/sub 2/.
Procaine and procainamide

25 Horvath KA, DiSesa VJ, Peigh PS, Couper GS, Collins JJ, Cohn LH. Favourable results of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients older than 75 years. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1990;99:92-6. 26 Jones EL, Craver JM, Guyton RA, Bone DK, Hatcher CR, RiechwaldN. Importance ofcomplete revascularisation in performance of coronary bypass operation. Am J Cardiol 1983;51:7-12. 27 Lawrie GM, Morris GC, Silvers A, Wagner WF, Baron AE, Beltangady SS, et al. The influence ofresidual disease after coronary artery bypass on the 5-year survival rate of 1274 men with coronary artery disease. Circulation 198266:717-23. 28 Lavee J, Rath S, Tran-Quang-Hoe. Does complete revascularisation by the conventional method truly provide the best possible results? Analysis of results and comparison with revascularisation of infarct-prone segments (systematic segmental myocardial revascularisation): the Sheba Study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1986;92:279-90. 29 CukingnanRA,CareyJS,WittingJH,BrownBG. Influence ofcomplete coronary revascularisation on reliefon angina. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1980;79:188-93. 30 Jones EL, Craver JM, Guyton RA, Bone DK, Hatcher CR, Riechwald N. Importance ofcomplete revascularisation in performance of the coronary bypass operation. Am J Cardiol 1983;51:7-12. 31 Reeder GS, Holmes DR, Detre K, Costigan T, Kelsey SF. Degree of revascularisation in patients with multivessel coronary disease: a report from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty registry. Circulaton 1988;77:638-44. 32 Bell MR, Bailey KR, Reeder GS, Lapeyre AC III, Holmes DR. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in patients with multivessel coronary disease: how important is complete revascularisation for cardiac event-free survival? JAm Coll Cardiol 1990;16:553-62.
Elevated expression of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase mRNA in scleroderma

Using in situ hybridization techniques, we examined the expression of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) mRNA in the skin of five patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and five normal controls. Sections treated with an anti‐sense probe showed concentrated grains exclusively in the epidermis of SSc patients, but not in that of normal controls. Because our subcloned anti‐sense probe specifically hybridizes with ODC mRNA, these findings indicate that the expression of ODC mRNA is elevated in SSc epidermis. Possibly polyamines have an important part to play in the skin changes of SSc.
Task Optimization for Spot-Welding by a Multiple Robot System Using Evolutionary Algorithm

Extended Abstract Multiple spot-welding robots are used to improve productivity in automobile industry. A work cell considered in this paper consists of a number of robots working simultaneously for spot-welding in auto manufacturing process. Since the number of welding spots on a single car is very large, the sequence of tasks by the multiple-robots significantly affect the total tact time. The paths and sequences of the robots usually are generated using offline teaching method. This method highly depends not only on the intuition of human operator but also may cause inefficient productivity because of the nature of the cluttered environment with high degrees of freedom robots. In this paper, the evolutionary algorithm is employed to allocate tasks to each robot and optimize the sequence of operations by the multiple robots. The evolutionary algorithm has been used for optimization problems with large and complex search spaces due to their ability of finding a near optimal solution [1]. In this paper, an optimization problem with multiple object function is formulated and a corresponding scheme is developed for coding with the evolutionary algorithm. Two types of chromosomes are employed for scheduling the spot-welding system using multi-objective genetic algorithm [2]. The first part of each chromosome represents a permutation of the n welding spots and the second part of the chromosome represents the id of the assigned robots. Creation of the offspring generations is performed by an operator which selects a chromosome by proportional roulette-wheel selection using the following fitness function.
Tools for DEVS modeling, simulation and 3D visualization

Cell-DEVS is an extension of the DEVS formalism which combines DEVS with Cellular Automata. It is particularly useful for defining spaces by decomposing them into individual cells. The CD++ Toolkit enables one to model and simulate a real or artificial system using either DEVS or Cell-DEVS. Although it is provided with a Modeler tool, this permits only 2D visualization of the simulation. This paper focuses upon two efforts to produce integrate DEVS simulations developed with the CD++ tool with 3D visualizations using Blender, an open-source 3D visualization software.
Computing with noise in spiking neural networks

Trial-to-trial variability is an ubiquitous characteristic in neural firing patterns and is often regarded as a side-effect of intrinsic noise. Increasing evidence indicates that this variability is a signature of network computation. The computational role of noise is not yet clear and existing frameworks use abstract models for stochastic computation. In this work, we use networks of spiking neurons to perform stochastic inference by sam- pling. We provide a novel analytical description of the neural response function with an unprecedented range of validity. This description enables an implementation of spiking networks in simulations to sample from Boltzmann distributions. We show the robust- ness of these networks to parameter variations and highlight the substantial advantages of short-term plasticity in our framework. We demonstrate accelerated inference on neu- romorphic hardware with a speed-up of 10^4 compared to biological networks, regardless of network size. We further explore the role of noise as a computational component in our sampling networks and identify the functional equivalence between synaptic connec- tions and mutually shared noise. Based on this, we implement interconnected sampling ensembles which exploit their activity as noise resource to maintain a stochastic firing regime.
Staging of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions: pathology of the time frame of MS

Several processes take place during an attack of demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS). The timing of these various processes, and thus of the attack in its entirety, is important if therapeutic stratagies are to be planned. Attempts have been made to introduce and investigate variables relevant to timing the disease processes, leading to staging systems for MS. Here, the terminology and the various parameters used are reviewed, including inflammatory cells, glial cells, axonal loss and myelin staining; then the different systems are compared, including the system put forward by Bö and Trapp, our own modification of that, the Brück and Lassmann system and the recent consensus reached at a Vienna meeting. It is concluded that an ideal staging system does not yet exist, and that, more than anything else, the material dictates the choice for a staging system. The terminology of the Vienna consensus could be used as a reference to facilitate international comparison.
Maximum-entropy estimated distribution model for classification problems

Classification is a fundamental problem in machine learning and data mining. This paper applies a stochastic optimization model to classification problems. The proposed maximum entropy estimated distribution model uses a probabilistic distribution to represent solution space, and a sampling technique to explore search space. This paper demonstrates the application of the proposed maximum entropy estimated distribution model to improve linear discriminant function and rule induction methods. In addition, this paper compares the proposed classification model with decision trees. It shows that the proposed model is preferable to decision tree C4.5 in the following cases: i) when prior distribution of classification is available; ii) when no assumption is made about underlying classification structure; and iii) when a classification problem is multimodal in nature.
Stoma coloproctology nurse specialist: a case study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper is to provide insight into the role of a Stoma Coloproctology Nurse Specialist. This paper presents the findings of an in-depth case study of a stoma coloproctology nurse specialist employed in one health board area in Northern Ireland. This case study was part of a larger study exploring innovative nursing and midwifery roles in Northern Ireland. BACKGROUND Specialist nursing roles have evolved and developed in response to changing health care needs, patient expectations, changes in professional regulation and government initiatives. DESIGN A case study approach was adopted. METHOD Semi-structured interviews with the post holder (PH), her line manager and the human resource manager were undertaken. Non-participant observation of the PH's practice was also carried out. Analysis was undertaken on secondary data such as job specification, annual reports and other documentation relating to the post. RESULTS Findings illustrate the PH's function and the impact of the role on patient care. Examples of innovative practices relating to providing care, support and guidance for patients and their families were identified; however, limitations to her role were also identified. CONCLUSIONS The PH provides an invaluable service to patients, demonstrating a positive impact on care. However, the findings suggest the importance of establishing clear role boundaries, which may lead to professional growth and practice development. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Although this study provides a valuable insight into the role of a Stoma Coloproctology Nurse Specialist a number of challenges exist, as the CNS role requires policy and appropriate educational preparation to practice at an advanced level. Further research investigating the development of the CNS role in the clinical setting and its relationship to members of the multi-professional team would be beneficial.
Gene expression of ecdysteroid‐regulated gene E74 of the honeybee in ovary and brain

To facilitate studies of hormonal control in the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.), a cDNA for a honeybee homologue of the ecdysteroid‐regulated gene E74 (AmE74) was isolated and its expression was analysed. Northern blot analysis indicated strong expression in the adult queen abdomen, and no significant expression in the adult drone and worker abdomens. In situ hybridization demonstrated that this gene was expressed selectively in the ovary and gut in the queen abdomen. Furthermore, this gene was also expressed selectively in subsets of mushroom body interneurones in the brain of the adult worker bees. These findings suggest that AmE74 is involved in neural function as well as in reproduction in adult honeybees.
2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection ( ICLP ) , Vienna , Austria Corona Charge Produced By Thundercloud Fields In Grounded Rods

Electrostatic fields below the thundercloud lead to the formation of glow charge from grounded objects. The charge accumulated after certain time can initiate or inhibit the called streamer formation and consequently the inception and development of upward leaders. By means of a two dimensional numerical model that takes into account the particles behavior is observed that glow charge can smooth the electric field on top of the grounded rod and consequently hinder the inception of streamers and upward leaders from the grounded rod. It is concluded that to be able to initiate unstable upward leaders from the shielded grounded rod a sudden change of electric field is necessary. A two dimensional numerical model that solves the continuity equations for positive and negative ions and electrons coupled with Poisson equation was implemented. Comparison for different magnitudes of electric field and characteristics of rod are included as well. Keywords-glow charge; streamer; inception;electric field
Discontinuous native protein gel electrophoresis: pros and cons

A new native protein gel system was recently developed that enables the rapid and convenient analysis of virtually all soluble proteins, in particular including basic proteins, in their native oligomeric states. This gel system combines the addition of negative charges to the proteins by the dye SERVA Blue G with a Tris-histidine discontinuous buffer system and the use of polyacrylamide gradient gels. The use of histidine for sample focusing rather than glycine as a slow dipolar ion following from the cathode buffer serves to improve migration of basic proteins. In this review, the principle of function as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the new gel system are discussed in the context of other native protein gel systems and further methods for the analysis of the oligomeric state of a protein.
Autologous chondrocyte implantation compared with microfracture in the knee. A randomized trial.

BACKGROUND New methods have been used, with promising results, to treat full-thickness cartilage defects. The objective of the present study was to compare autologous chondrocyte implantation with microfracture in a randomized trial. We are not aware of any previous randomized studies comparing these methods. METHODS Eighty patients without general osteoarthritis who had a single symptomatic cartilage defect on the femoral condyle in a stable knee were treated with autologous chondrocyte implantation or microfracture (forty in each group). We used the International Cartilage Repair Society, Lysholm, Short Form-36 (SF-36), and Tegner forms to collect data. An independent observer performed a follow-up examination at twelve and twenty-four months. Two years postoperatively, arthroscopy with biopsy for histological evaluation was carried out. The histological evaluation was done by a pathologist and a clinical scientist, both of whom were blinded to each patient's treatment. RESULTS In general, there were small differences between the two treatment groups. At two years, both groups had significant clinical improvement. According to the SF-36 physical component score at two years postoperatively, the improvement in the microfracture group was significantly better than that in the autologous chondrocyte implantation group (p = 0.004). Younger and more active patients did better in both groups. There were two failures in the autologous chondrocyte implantation group and one in the microfracture group. No serious complications were reported. Biopsy specimens were obtained from 84% of the patients, and histological evaluation of repair tissues showed no significant differences between the two groups. We did not find any association between the histological quality of the tissue and the clinical outcome according to the scores on the Lysholm or SF-36 form or the visual analog scale. CONCLUSIONS Both methods had acceptable short-term clinical results. There was no significant difference in macroscopic or histological results between the two treatment groups and no association between the histological findings and the clinical outcome at the two-year time-point. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic study, Level I-1a (randomized controlled trial [significant difference]). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.