Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Native microorganisms as potent bioinoculants for plant growth promotion in shifting agriculture (Jhum) systems

Microorganisms native to shifting cultivation were isolated and screened for plant growth promotion (PGP) properties. The bacterial and fungal isolates that exhibed production of indole compounds, siderophores, and ammonia; phosphate solubilization; and catalase activity, were selected and tested for their ability to promote the early growth of upland rice plants. Potential isolates from a preliminary seed germination assay carried out in plates were further tested in pots under greenhouse conditions. Observations after two and four weeks of growth indicated that all treated rice plants had higher shoot and root length than those in the control group. Of the isolates used in the experiment, the bacterial isolate SB5 and the fungal isolate SF4 exhibit higher growth activity, with growth increases of 26.20% and 15.87% respectively, over the control group. These isolates are being explored for consortium development as bioinoculants, in an attempt to restore the fertility of jhum fallows
CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS OF PRESERVATIVES USED IN WINE: A REVIEW

Wine stability is a very important step when it comes to marketing. Antioxidant and antiseptic protection of wines can be achieved by using preservatives, a procedure that is re gulated by the European laws. Wines are biochemically complex systems and because of this winemakers have to take informed decisions to manage with precision the preservation of their wines. Wine laboratories can ease the work of the winemaker offering at least the minimum routine analyses, such as pH, alcohol concentr ation and free sulphur dioxide. The results of these analyses can be used in some mathematical calculus to obtain more useful and precise results, such as the content of molecular su lphur dioxide. Molecular sulphur dioxide is the part of the free sulphur dioxide that confers microbiological stability to wines. Also, based on pH and alcohol concentration determinations, the do sage of potassium sorbate can be precisely calculated to preserve wines with residual sugar and prevent a second fermentatio n in the bottle. In addition, the usage of the combination ascorbic acid and sulphur dioxide in white dry wines can be risky if it is not properly managed. In the presence of sulphur dioxi de the ascorbic acid is a strong reductive agent, therefore it can react faster than sulphur dioxide with oxygen. On the other hand, in the absence of sulphur dioxi de, the addition of ascorbic acid it can be very unsafe for wines, because it reacts with dissolved oxygen and releases hydrogen peroxide, a more powerful oxi dizing agent. Therefore, only proper management of dissolved oxygen and reductive state preservation can lead to quality wines. This paper reviews the main preservation methods and presents a new perspective in the use of preservatives in wine.
Metrics to measure the impact of continuous integration : An empirical case study

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the continuous integration in large global organizations and find suitable metrics to measure these impacts. Continuous integration is a practice within agile movement in which members of a team integrate their work frequently, at least daily. Metrics are needed to measure the impacts of the continuous integration and compare them with other development process. This measurement allows managers within the organizations to assess the progress and impact of process changes and make data driven decisions. The research has been conducted as an empirical case study in a large software organization using a qualitative research approach and the result has been analyzed using thematic analysis. A total of 12 interviews were conducted with highly qualified software professionals about the impact of continuous integration in their organization. Several experienced positive and negative impacts are identified and ways to measure these impacts are investigated. The findings in this paper can be used by organizations to justify their continuous integration process or to predict and counter problems already during the introduction stage of that process. University of Gothenburg Chalmers University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Gothenburg, Sweden, May 2013
Fractional order chaos in Josephson junction

This paper studies the fractional-order chaotic dynamics of Josephson junction based on resistor and capacitor shunted junction (RCSJ) model proposed by W. C. Stewart and D. E. McCumber. The fractional-order numerical integration is carried out with modified trapezoidal rule. Fractional-order chaotic behaviors of the model are explained by bifurcation diagram. Numerical results confirm that there exists chaos at fractional-order in this model. Key words: Fractional calculus, Josephson junction, chaotic dynamical system, numerical method.
Antimicrobial Activity of Different Essential Oils against Aspergillus flavus and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Respiratory Tract

ESSENTIAL oils from Cinnamomum verum (Cinnamon), Lavandula angustifoli (Lavender), Lepidium virginicum (Peppergrass oil), Zingiber officinale (Ginger) and Cinnamomum camphora (Camphor) have been investigated for their antifungal and antibacterial activities against 6 fungal isolates of Aspergillus flavus and 25 bacterial isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The sensitivity was determined using agar well diffusion method and the inhibition zones were compared with the standard drug itraconazole for fungi and Amikacine for tested bacteria. The tested essential oil showed a wide spectrum of inhibition against the tested isolates. Treating the Klebsiella pneumoniae, with cinnamon essential oil led to an external changes, irregular cell shape and disintegration of bacterial cell wall under transmission electron microscope. GC-MS technique was used for cinnamon essential oil; the composition of cinnamon oil was dominated by cinnamaldehyde. The in vivo efficacy of cinnamon essential oil in treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae in mice lungs was proven.
The Design and Application of Lateral Phased Array Probe for Railway Wheel Rim Ultrasonic Detection System

It is introduced the wheel quality state in china high speed railway (CRH), analyzed the flaws character in the rim of CRH railway wheel and the limitation of common ultrasonic testing method from the tread of wheel in this paper. The principle and performance of the Lateral deflection technology in phased array probe are analyzed and a new ultrasonic testing method from the inner side of wheel rim is designed, which complements to the wheel tread side and realizes the volume testing in the rim. Some simulation results by CIVA software show its performance. In our experiments, some artificial defects on the wheel rim block and natural flaws in the real wheel rim are used to test the performance of Lateral deflection probe. The whole results prove that the Lateral probe inspection technology of from inner side of wheel rim can test the all different directional defects in the rim, and can been applied successfully in our LU series mobile wheel ultrasonic inspection system (LU system) with stable coupling state, full testing range in rim and high probability of detection (POD).
The significance of proxies for agency costs under different governance approaches

Abstract This study examines the impact di erent proxies of agency costs have on companiesunder di erent governance approaches. The two speci c proxies of agency costs usedinclude: (i) the ratio of operating expenses to annual sales; and (ii) the ratio of annualsales to total assets. Our study is based on earlier works of Ang et al. (2000) andFleming et al. (2005). A comparison of results for small unlisted companies both in USand Australia indicate that agency cost measures have statistically: (1) di erent resultsunder rule-based governance mechanisms; and (2) the same results under principle-based governance mechanisms. Our ndings support the view that the e ectiveness ofdi erent measures of agency cost is dependent on country speci c governance factorsas well as on the governance approaches adopted. Our results o er insights to bothpractitioners and policy makers regarding the usefulness of di erent proxies of agencycosts when companies adopt principle-based corporate governance approaches versusrule-based approaches.Keywords: Agency costs, company, governance mechanism, proxy.
Atomistic study of the anisotropic elastic interaction between extended and point defects in crystalline Si and its influence on Si self-interstitial diffusion

In this work we propose a methodology to analyze the elastic energy interaction at the atomic level between Si self-interstitials and extended defects in crystalline Si. The representation of this energy in maps in 2D planes shows the anisotropic nature of the elastic interaction. This elastic energy maps can be used to understand diffusion trajectories of Si self-interstitials around extended defects obtained from classical molecular dynamics simulations. The combined analysis of these trajectories and the elastic energy maps shows preferential capture directions around extended defects. Keywords—Atomistic simulations, strain fields, elastic interaction, point defects, extended defects, crystalline silicon
Prescribed Fire, Grazing, and Herbaceous Plant Production in Shortgrass Steppe

Abstract We examined the independent and combined effects of prescribed fire and livestock grazing on herbaceous plant production in shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado in the North American Great Plains. Burning was implemented in March, before the onset of the growing season. During the first postburn growing season, burning had no influence on soil moisture, nor did it affect soil nitrogen (N) availability in spring (April–May), but it significantly enhanced soil N availability in summer (June–July). Burning had no influence on herbaceous plant production in the first postburn growing season but enhanced in vitro dry matter digestibility of blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis [Willd. ex Kunth] Lag. ex Griffiths) forage sampled in late May. For the second postburn growing season, we found no difference in herbaceous plant production between sites that were burned and grazed in the previous year versus sites that were burned and protected from grazing in the previous year. Our results provide further evidence that prescribed burns conducted in late winter in dormant vegetation can have neutral or positive consequences for livestock production because of a neutral effect on forage quantity and a short-term enhancement of forage quality. In addition, our results indicate that with conservative stocking rates, deferment of grazing during the first postburn growing season may not be necessary to sustain plant productivity.
An overview and comparison of destructive fishing practices in Indonesia.

urgent intervention is an active ban of hookah compressors for the entire park, for which no new legislation is needed. Compressor fishermen from neighbouring fishing villages should be targeted in alternative livelihood programmes such as the development of a fishery for large coastal pelagics or mariculture initiatives. II. A second important intervention would be to stop OmetingO by park inhabitants. The latter intervention may be facilitated by freeing local fishermen from the exploitation of middlemen, so they can earn sufficient income from their bagan activities. Park inhabitants should also be directly targeted in alternative livelihood programmes such as eco-tourism and/or extensive mariculture in multiple-use zones. III. The marine resources of Komodo National Park cannot be protected without an effective enforcement programme, including frequent patrols of all the ParkOs waters. If the park management cannot afford or is not willing to organise these patrols, other institutes, including NGOs, can make sure that law enforcement is indeed implemented. IV. Corruption and lack of political will at the local level is a major barrier to be overcome before marine reserves can be successfully implemented in Indonesia. Community awareness and education therefore has to be taken to higher levels and should include government awareness and cultivation of political will. V. The present status of the resource can be described with the following characteristics: a. highly damaged and continuously degrading coral reefs, b. continuing destructive fishing practices inside the park, c. high fishing effort and pressure on demersal stocks like lobsters, shellfish, groupers and Napoleon wrasse, d. few economic alternatives available to local communities, and e. questions without answers on how to speed up coral reef rehabilitation. VI. Detailed management objectives should: a. stop degradation of the coral reefs and keeping the damage at a level which is not higher than what was recorded in 1996, b. stop all destructive fishing practices, including compressor fishing, OmetingO and fishing with ObubuO traps, c. implement full protection of demersal stocks, at least by banning the use of hookah compressors and by closing all known fish-spawning aggregation sites to all types of fisheries, d. promote a shift of fishing effort from demersal fishing inside the park area to pelagic fishing inside and outside the park area, e. support members of local communities to enter into compatible enterprises like ecotourism, mariculture or pelagic fisheries, f. develop a feasible methodology for the enhancement of coral reef rehabilitation. VII. We need supporting materials from outside sources to convince the park management of the need for a hookah ban!
Spatially resolving the dust properties and submillimetre excess in M 33

The relative abundance of the dust grain types in the interstellar medium (ISM) is directly linked to physical quantities that trace the evolution of galaxies. We study the dust properties of the whole disc of M33 at spatial scales of ~170 pc. This analysis allows us to infer how the relative dust grain abundance changes with the conditions of the ISM, study the existence of a submillimetre excess and look for trends of the gas-to-dust mass ratio (GDR) with other physical properties of the galaxy. For each pixel in the disc of M33 we fit the infrared SED using a physically motivated dust model that assumes an emissivity index beta close to 2. We derive the relative amount of the different dust grains in the model, the total dust mass, and the strength of the interstellar radiation field (ISRF) heating the dust at each spatial location. The relative abundance of very small grains tends to increase, and for big grains to decrease, at high values of Halpha luminosity. This shows that the dust grains are modified inside the star-forming regions, in agreement with a theoretical framework of dust evolution under different physical conditions. The radial dependence of the GDR is consistent with the shallow metallicity gradient observed in this galaxy. The strength of the ISRF derived in our model correlates with the star formation rate in the galaxy in a pixel by pixel basis. Although this is expected it is the first time that a correlation between both quantities is reported. We produce a map of submillimetre excess in the 500 microns SPIRE band for the disc of M33. The excess can be as high as 50% and increases at large galactocentric distances. We further study the relation of the excess with other physical properties of the galaxy and find that the excess is prominent in zones of diffuse ISM outside the main star-forming regions, where the molecular gas and dust surface density are low.
HiRISE observations of slope streaks on Mars

Images from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment have revealed new details on the morphologic and topographic characteristics of slope streaks on Mars. Over 1500 HiRISE images were analyzed with 78 unique image sites having slope streaks. Images with low sun illumination reveal that dark slope streaks have topographic relief where streaked surfaces are lower than their surroundings. Slope streaks often initiate below localized features such as rock outcrops, individual boulders, and impact craters. They are also abundant in great numbers within the blast zones of small young impact craters 10–50 m in diameter. These observations suggest that slope streaks can be triggered by localized disturbances such as rockfalls and impact blasts. Seismic activity from external (e.g., impacts) or internal forces could also trigger slope streaks. The topographic relief and triggering mechanisms of slope streaks seem to best fit models that involve dry dust avalanches. Martian slope streaks and meters‐thick avalanche scars are part of a continuum of active mass‐wasting features at meter to sub‐meter scales.
Pricing Bermudan Swaptions in a Stochastic-Volatility LIBOR Market Model ⁄

This paper introduces a time-inhomogeneous parameterization of the forward LIBOR volatilities and analyzes its implications for the valuation of Bermudan swaptions. The model approximates the actual term structure of volatilities with a curve from a given set deflned by the parametric volatility speciflcation and the structure of a continuous time Markov chain that modulates the volatility function. The flrst stochastic volatility speciflcation generates jump discontinuities in volatility and shape-preserving evolution of the volatility term structure in the future. The second speciflcation allows, in addition, for changes in the shape of the volatility curve. Simulated values of Bermudan swaptions in a LIBOR market model with these volatility structures were obtained and compared to the prices from standard deterministic volatility speciflcations. The model allows for the assessment of the forward volatility risk of Bermudan swaptions.
EFFECTS OF BOTULINUM TOXIN-TYPE A IN THE TREATMENT OF CEREBRAL PALSY IN CHILDREN

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a chronic disorder of movement and/or posture that presents early (before the age of 2) and continues throughout life. CP is caused by static injury (non-progressive damage to the brain before, during or after birth) to the developing brain. CP is a permanent disease which cannot be cured, but the consequences can be minimized. Spasticity represents a major neuromuscular problem in CP and the children can be hemiplegic, diplegic or quadriplegic. Botulinum toxin (BTX) is one of the most useful antispastic agents used as treatment for spastic CP in children. The aim was to study the effects of BTX on motor function in children with different forms of spastic CP. Spasticity was clinically assessed using Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). The results showed the efficacy of BTX in diplegia, hemiplegia, quadriplegia.
Characterization of race 65 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum by sequencing ITS regions

The present work aimed characterize isolates of C. lindemuthianum race 65 from different regions in Brazil by ITS sequencing. A total of 17 isolates of race 65, collected in the states of Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Parana, Santa Catarina and Sao Paulo, were studied. Analysis of the sequences of isolates 8, 9, 12, 14 and 15 revealed the presence of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ITS1 region at the same positions. These isolates, when analyzed together with the sequence of isolate 17, revealed a SNP in the ITS2 region. The highest genetic dissimilarity, observed between isolates 11 and 3 and between isolates 11 and 10, was 0.772. In turn, isolates 7 and 2 were the most similar, with a value of 0.002 for genetic distance. The phylogenetic tree obtained based on the sequences of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions revealed the formation of two groups, one with a subgroup. The results reveal high molecular variability among isolates of race 65 of C. lindemuthianum .
Preparation of Activated Carbon from Sindora Siamensis Seed and Canarium Sublatum Guillaumin fruit for Methylene Blue Adsorption

scanning electron microscope; Langmuir isotherm model; Adsorption isotherm; Chemical activation; Iodine number; Zinc chloride; MB; SEM. Activated carbons produced from Sindora Siamensis (SSAC) seed and Canarium Sublatum Guillaumin (CSGAC) fruit were prepared by chemical activation with zinc chloride, their characteristics and their methylene blue (MB) adsorptions were investigated. The effects of zinc chloride concentrations and activation temperatures were examined. The surface chemical characteristics of activated carbons were determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Adsorption capacity was demonstrated with iodine numbers. The Langmuir and Freundlich equilibrium isotherm theories were applied to describe MB adsorption. The equilibrium adsorption results were complied with Langmuir isotherm model and its maximum monolayer adsorption capacity for SSAC and CSGAC are 672.6 and 487.6 mg/g for MB adsorption. The value of RL was found to be below 1.0, indicating that the resultant activated carbon was favorable for MB adsorption. These results indicate that SSAC and CSGAC shells could be utilized as a renewable resource to develop activated carbon which is a potential adsorbent for MB.
BKV-DNA Replication in Renal Transplant Recipients: Early Discontinuation of Mycophenolate Mofetil or an Early Combination Therapy with Fluoroquinolones and Activated Vitamin D. What Is the Best Strategy for Management?

Background: Early detection of polyomavirus BK-viremia and an early reduction of the maintenance immunosuppressive therapy are recommended for preventing polyomavirus-associated-nephropathy, but despite these measures, a progressive graft dysfunction and a graft loss occur in many cases. Objectives: We diagnosed BKV-viremia in 92 recipients grafted between October 2005 and January 2010. 53 affected recipients were treated with only a discontinuation of mycophenolate mofetil (Group 1). 39 affected recipients were treated with a combination therapy based on fluoroquinolones and activated vitamin D without a reduction of the maintenance immunosuppression (Group 2). All recipients were studied for a minimum follow-up period of 18 months after diagnosis of BKV-viremia. Results: The mean blood viral load during follow-up decreased in both groups but the graft function was stabilized only in Group 2. In fact in Group 2 the mean creatinine clearance was 68.5 +/- 18.1 ml/min after follow-up versus 69.1 +/- 25 ml/min before diagnosis of BKV-viremia (p = ns) and the mean serum creatinine was 1.31 +/- 1.1 mg/dl versus 1.27 +/- 0.9 mg/dl before diagnosis of BKV-viremia (p = ns). Group 2 affected recipients had 13% major graft functional decline rate (5 affected recipients had doubling of serum creatinine after the follow-up) while Group 1 affected recipients had 36% major graft functional decline rate (7 affected recipients had doubling of serum creatinine and 12 affected recipients had graft loss after the follow-up). The rate of polyomavirus-associated-nephropathy was similar between the groups: 9.4% in Group 1 versus 10% in Group 2 (p = ns). 7 affected recipients of Group 1 developed a new acute rejection episode during the minimum follow-up. None new acute rejection episode occurred in affected recipients of Group 2 during the minimum follow-up. Risk factors were also evaluated. Conclusion: In this select group of renal transplant recipients with BKV-replication the use of a combination therapy based on fluoroquinolones and activated vitamin D resulted in prolonged graft survival and stabilized graft function than an early discontinuation of mycophenolate mofetil.