Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Liposomal Encapsulation of Amikacin Sulphate for Optimizing Its Efficacy and Safety

Aims: The abstract of the current study was to formulate amikacin sulfate in a liposomal formulatiom for enhancing its efficacy and safety. Place and Duration of Study: Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt, between 2010-2013. Original Research Article El-Ridy et al.; BJPR, 5(2): 98-116, 2015; Article no.BJPR. 2015.010 99 Methodology: Amikacin sulfate liposomes were prepared by the vortex dispersion method using dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC), cholesterol (CHOL) and charge inducing agent (CIA). Dicetyl phosphate (DCP) and Stearyl amine (SA) were added as the negative and positive charge inducing agents respectively. Characterization of the prepared amikacin sulphate liposomes was performed. In-vitro release of selected formulations was estimated. A stability study for 45 days was performed. Investigation of the optimum dose for sterilization of amikacin sulfate liposomes was carried out. Selected amikacin sulfate liposomal formulations activities were evaluated against Escherichia coli infection in mice and compared to the free drug. Results: The entrapment efficiencies ranged from 43.6±1.81 to 62.5±2.57%, the vesicles are well identified and present in a nearly perfect sphere like shape ranging in size from 54.3±11 to 362.1±56 nm and the polydospersity index values of all liposomal formulations were < 0.3. DSC of different liposomal formulations shows a change in transition temperature of the main phospholipids. In-vitro release profiles revealed biphasic release of the drug from liposomes. Physical stability performed at 2-8oC for 45 days revealed low leakage of drug from all liposomal formulations investigated. Sterilization using gamma radiations revealed that a dose of 25 KGy was the optimum sterilization dose. The results also revealed less number of colonies forming units (cfu/ml) in the case of amikacin sulfate liposomes than the unentrapped drug. Conclusion: It can be fulfilled from this work that amikacin sulfate liposomes represent promising carrier for delivery of amikacin offering good physical stability, high entrapment effeciencies and controlled drug release.
Mechanisms of growth inhibition induced by methylene-substituted and ring-substituted dims in breast cancer cells

Mechanisms of Growth Inhibition Induced by Methylene-Substituted and RingSubstituted DIMs in Breast Cancer Cells. (May 2007) Kathryn Elisabeth Vanderlaag, B.Sc., University of Guelph Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Stephen H. Safe One in 8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in the United States and estrogen receptor (ER) status largely influences the type and subsequent success of treatment employed. Although ER-positive breast cancer can be treated with endocrine therapy, the more invasive ER-negative breast cancer is non-responsive to this therapy and cytotoxic agents are often utilized which are associated with many adverse side effects. Consequently, there is a genuine need to develop more effective, less toxic treatments for invasive breast cancer. Indole-3-carbinol is a phytochemical found in cruciferous vegetables and one of its major metabolites, 3,3’-diindolylmethane (DIM), exhibits a broad range of anticancer and antitumorigenic activities. ER-negative MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cell growth was inhibited after treatment with a novel series of methylenesubstituted DIMs (C-DIMs), namely 1,1-bis(3’-indolyl)-1-(p-substitutedphenyl) methanes containing trifluoromethyl (DIM-C-pPhCF3), t-butyl (DIM-C-pPhtBu) and phenyl (DIM-C-pPhC6H5) groups. In addition, DIM-C-pPhC6H5 (40 mg/kg/d) inhibited tumor growth in nude mice bearing MDA-MB-231 cells as xenografts. Treatment of
HC measurements by means of flame ionization: Background and limits of Low emission measurement

Flame Ionization Detectors (FID) can be used to detect organic hydrocarbons that occur in plastics, lacquers, adhesives, solvents and gasoline. These substances are ionized in the hydrogen flame of the FID. The ionization current that is produced depends on the amount of hydrocarbon in the sample. With the lowering of emissions limits, measuring instruments, including the FID, have to be able to detect very low values. For SULEV (Super-Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle) measurements the accuracy and also the general applicability of the CVS (Constant Volume Sampling) measuring technique are now questioned. Basic understanding is necessary to ask the right questions. One important issue is the science behind the measurement principle of the FID. And in this case especially the influence of contamination of the operating gases, cross sensitivity and data processing on the Limit of Detection (LOD). The studies show that an optimized FID within a modern CVS system is able to detect the emissions of SULEV level with high precision and repeatability.
Encapsulating Pyrene in a Metal–Organic Zeolite for Optical Sensing of Molecular Oxygen

Pyrene is a good oxygen-sensitive probe with high fluorescence quantum yield, suitable sensitivity, and high photostability when dispersed in gas-permeable organic polymers, but it is a carcinogen and environmental pollutant and tends to aggregate and/or evaporate at high temperature/low pressure. In this work, we show that pyrene can be easily and firmly encapsulated in a metal–organic zeolite SOD-[Zn(mim)2] (Hmim = 2-methylimidazole, MAF-4 or ZIF-8) via an in situ loading strategy, giving fluorescence O2-sensing materials not only with fast response, high photostability, and tunable sensitivity but also free of pyrene aggregation/leak and interference by other quenchers. Moreover, these host–guest inclusion crystals can be easily fabricated as thin film sensors and aerodynamic coatings.
Research Advances of the Extraction and Synthesis of Allicin

Allicin has a special effect and application on condiment,health care,medicine and other fields.The chemical composition,physical and chemical characteristics and pharmacological effects of allicin are reviewed.Analyze the progress in research of the extraction and synthesis of allicin,and offer prospect and views on the synthesis research of the derivative of allicin.
Effet de la composition en macronutriments de l'aliment sur les mécanismes de contrôle de l'autophagie chez la truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Tres peu de donnees sont aujourd’hui disponibles sur le role des nutriments et de leurs interactions in vivo dans la regulation de l’autophagie. L'objectif principal de cette these etait donc d’etudier l’effet de la qualite nutritionnelle de l’aliment sur le controle de cette fonction cellulaire. Une premiere etude a permis de montrer que les differents ratios en proteines et en glucides influencent significativement les mecanismes de controle de l’autophagie dans le muscle de truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Ces resultats ont ete renforces par une etude sur culture primaire de myoblaste de truite montrant que l’addition d’acides amines dans le milieu de culture inhibe l’autophagie alors que le glucose a un effet inverse (article 1). Une seconde etude a porte sur la fraction proteique de l’aliment et notamment sur la teneur en methionine, dont le niveau est trop faible dans les aliments pour poissons a base de vegetaux. Les resultats obtenus indiquent que la machinerie autophagosomale mais egalement les principaux facteurs du renouvellement des proteines musculaires sont sensible aux variations de la teneur en methionine de l’aliment et que la reponse qui en resulte peut fortement affecter la croissance (article 2). L’ensemble des donnees obtenues dans les deux premieres etudes reposaient sur la mesure du taux d’un marqueur de l’autophagie (LC3-II) qui est a la fois produite et degradee au cours du processus (flux) autophagique. Ainsi, dans l’optique de preciser les resultats obtenus dans les deux premiers articles, une troisieme etude a ete effectuee afin de determiner s’il est possible de bloquer le flux autophagique dans le muscle de truite par l’emploi de differents agents pharmacologiques (inhibiteurs du flux autophagique). Il s’agissait egalement de determiner les limites de l’utilisation de tels inhibiteurs chez cette espece. Les essais effectues n’ont pas permis de mesurer le flux autophagique dans le muscle. En revanche, l’injection intraperitoneale de colchicine a bien bloque le flux autophagique dans le foie, ouvrant ainsi un nouveau champ d’investigations sur le role de l’autophagie dans le metabolisme intermediaire. En conclusion, l’ensemble de ces travaux montre que l’autophagie n’est pas uniquement sensible a l’etat nutritionnel (jeune/nourris) mais egalement a la nature des aliments consommes. Outre leurs interets agronomique et therapeutique, ces resultats ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives pour une meilleure comprehension des mecanismes d’action de l’autophagie au niveau cellulaire et metabolique mais egalement de son role dans l’adaptation des especes au cours l’evolution.
Autothermal Reforming of Biodiesel–Ethanol–Diesel Blends for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Applications

The autothermal reforming (ATR) performance of diesel, biodiesel, diesel blended with 25% biodiesel, and diesel blended with both 25% biodiesel and 10% ethanol was investigated under different operating environments in a single-tube reformer with rhodium/zirconia wash-coated ceramic monoliths. A customized nozzle integrated with a microsize porous device was designed to finely atomize the input heavy hydrocarbon fuels and enhance the homogeneous mixtures of hydrocarbon fuel with steam and air. The optimum operating conditions with high syngas yields and carbon-free content for ATR of each studied fuel were identified, from both thermodynamic analysis and experimental measurements. After establishing the test points for the reformation of the studied fuels under the same initial operating environment [total O/C = 1.47, S/C = 0.6, and gas hourly space velocity at standard temperature and pressure (GHSV) = 34 120 h–1, at 950 °C reformer temperature] with the goal of achieving the same rate of syngas producti.
Effects of surface modification of glass beads with poly(acrylic acid)

Etched glass beads were functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) and glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPS). The surface of glass beads were further modified with poly(acrylic acid) by reacting the carboxyl groups on poly(acrylic acid) with the amino groups of the grafted aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The modifications were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and tensiometry for contact angle and porosity measurements. Five different molecular weight PAA polymers ranging from 2,000 to 3,000,000 were grafted with less than expected increase of grafting% with molecular weight. The amount of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) on the surface was determined from thermal gravimetric analysis and elemental analysis data. The surface properties of surface modified glass beads were determined by measuring water and hexane penetration rate and contact angle. The surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy.
Study on the correlation between results of hemoglobin release test and hemorheology

Objective:To study the correlation between results of hemoglobin release test and hemorheology,and approach the mechanism of HRT and its clinical significance.Methods:48 blood samples randomly obtained from OPD were mated with 37℃ HRT.The result of hemorheology was compared with that of HRT and their correlation was analyzed.Results:The correlation coefficients between HRT and hemorheology were r=0.642 of low shear(P0.001),r=0.636 of middle shear(P0.001) and r=0.641 of high shear(P0.001) respectively.Conclusion:It indicates that blood viscosity may play a part in the reaction mechanism of HRT.
Preparation and Application of Copolymer of Styrene and Mono-maleate Octaester as Surface Sizing Agent

In this paper a new type of surface sizing agent was synthesised using styrene and maleic anhydride and mono-maleate octaester as raw material and benzoyl peroxide as initiator in the medium of toluene, the copolymer separated by precipitation and modified with ammonia. The molecule weight of the copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride and mono-maleate octaester was determined by mean of GPC spectroscopy, the sized surface of paper was investigated by means of SEM. The copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride and mono-maleate octaester is an efficient surface sizing agent which can improve the size degree and surface strength and printing performance of the paper, when the dosage of surface sizing agent (oxidized corn starch ∶copolymer emulision (3#)=40∶1) is 1.0 g/m2, size degree of the sized paper is 9s, tensile strength is increased by 6.8%, breaking strength is increased by 10.1%, the picking speed of the paper is 2.87 m/s, and the printing ink absorbency is 42%.
Preparation of nanometer cobalt particles by polyol reduction process and their magnetic characterizations

By the polyol reduction process, the nanometer spherical cobalt particles with fcc structure and a crystal size of 10～13nm,are prepared using the reagents of cobaltous salt as precursor and 1,2-propanediol as reducing agent.XRD,TEM are applied to characterize the phase and morphology of the as-prepared products.The magnetic characterizations of the nanometerβ-Co particles are studied by VSM.They are ferromagnetic at room temperature but with small coercivity(6.282×10~3A/m).
Oxydation et dégradation de l'ascorbate chez la tomate et impact sur la croissance et le métabolisme

Controle de l'oxydation et de la degradation du pool de vitamine C chez la tomate et impact sur la qualite du fruit et la tolerance au stress. Le metabolisme de l’ascorbate et plus principalement le statut redox du pool d’ascorbate sont impliques dans la tolerance au stress et dans les processus primaires de croissance et de developpement de la plante. La teneur et le statut redox de l’ascorbate chez les plantes sont regules par (i) ses voies de biosynthese, (ii) par le cycle ascorbate-glutathion permettant le recyclage des formes semi-oxydees et oxydees de l’ascorbate et (iii) par sa degradation, l’ensemble de ces processus etant sous le controle de l’environnement. Au cours de ce travail de these, des methodes de transgenese nous ont permis d’identifier, chez differents genotypes de tomate a petit et gros fruits, les bouleversements physiologiques et metaboliques permettant de compenser des modifications de l’activite des enzymes monodehydroascorbate reductase (implique dans le cycle ascorbate-glutathion) et ascorbate oxydase. Nous avons observe d’importantes modifications phenotypiques alterant le rendement en fruits de la plante sous conditions de culture pouvant generer un stress et egalement en condition normale de culture. Des liens entre l’activite des enzymes precites avec le metabolisme des sucres, la photosynthese et la conductance stomatique sont reveles. Le desequilibre entre les activites oxydantes et reductrices de ces enzymes constitue la premiere etape vers une degradation de l’ascorbate. Le taux de degradation se revele tres faible a la lumiere, tandis qu’a l’obscurite une forte accumulation des produits de degradation l’oxalate, le threonate ainsi que l’oxalyl-threonate est observe dans les feuilles de tomate. Enfin, l’activite de l’enzyme MDHAR est correlee au taux de degradation a l’obscurite. Les travaux de cette these mettent en avant l’importance du statut redox du couple ascorbate / monodehydroascorbate dans les processus de croissance cellulaire et entre dans la regulation du rendement chez la tomate, et influe la degradation de l’ascorbate.
On the applicability of Kirchoff's law and the principle of heat balance in thermal infrared remote sensing: A non-isothermal system

This paper proposes a basic equation of thermal radiation interaction between surface objects on the basis of the principle of heat balance in the interface. The solution of this equation takes account of the contribution of sensible heat flux and latent heat flux more completely, compared with traditional solution for surface cooling and heating processes. By the aid of the experimental data conducted in the Xiaotangshan experimental site, Beijing, both the non-applicability of Kirchoff’s law and the measurability of surface emissivity in a non-isothermal system have been highlighted. Two methods called ventilation and time-delay compensations have been proposed to reduce the error induced by change of surface temperatures of non-isothermal objects during the measurement of emissivity. Based on the solution of the basic equation, this paper has analyzed and pointed out the misunderstanding in comprehension and application of Kirchoff’s law published in literature.
Lattice Strains in Gold and Rhenium Under Non-Hydrostatic Compression

Lattice strains have been measured as a function of the angle, ψ , from the diamond cell stress axis in a sample of gold and rhenium at pressures of 15–37 GPa. Experiments were conducted using X-ray transparent gaskets made from beryllium. The differential stresses supported by gold and rhenium have been characterized to 37 GPa. It is also shown that proper choice of the diffraction geometry allows recovery of a quasi-hydrostatic compression curve under these highly non-hydrostatic conditions. X-ray elastic moduli have also been determined, and while good agreement with previous data is achieved for gold, there is a large discrepancy between the present results and extrapolated ultrasonic data for rhenium.
Structural, Magnetic, Electronic, Defect, and Diffusion Properties of Cr2O3: A DFT+U Study

The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties for nondefective and defective structures and the diffusion of both cations and anions in chromium oxide (α-Cr2O3) are investigated theoretically with the periodic quantum-chemical method. Three different point defects are studied, namely, Cr vacancy, Cr Frenkel defect (composed of an interstitial Cr atom and a Cr vacancy), and O vacancy. All these defects affect the electronic properties of Cr2O3 drastically and are involved in diffusion processes in passive film growth. The calculated defect formation energy shows that the stability of defects falls in the following order: Cr Frenkel defect (EFr(Cr) = 2.36 eV) > Cr vacancy (EV(Cr) = 4.84 eV) > O vacancy (EV(O) = 5.12 eV). Relaxation occurs only on the first and the second nearest neighbors in each case. Each defect adds an extra localized level inside the band gap. Cr Frenkel defects add donor levels composed of O states; Cr vacancy defects add acceptor levels composed of states from both Cr and O atom.
Phosphorus liberation by aquatic microorganisms

The conventionally accepted route for cycling of inorganic phosphorus (P) was previously thought to be the long-term processes of abiotic physical and chemical weathering and subsequent physical exchange reactions with minerals. The ability of microorganisms to influence the liberation of labile P, from otherwise insoluble or sparingly soluble sources, in aquatic environments has been shown here to be capable of supporting appreciable biomass. The causal agents bringing about P liberation within the microcosm systems employed in this investigation were organic acids, principally gluconic acid, and [H+] ions. The effects of chelation by organic acids as opposed to dissociation purely as a result of protonation were addressed and biologically inoculated microcosms yielded significantly more labile P than would be anticipated by the corresponding change in pH alone. Maximal rates of liberation of P of up to 320 µmol P g-1 day-1 were observed. Acid production and the subsequent liberation of otherwise refractory forms of P appeared to be an active process as it was not solely dependent on biomass, implying that organic acid production was either selective or that microbial population shifts occurred as a response to P limitation.
Deposition of a-Ge:H in a Remote Plasma System

The remote plasma deposition process was studied by optical emission spectroscopy using Ne and N 2 to detect He-metastables. a- Ge:H was prepared and its optoelectronic and structural properties were characterized. AM 1.5 photoconductivities around 10 −6 (Ωcm) −1 were obtained in intrinsic material with the Fermi level position lying near midgap. However, even in the best film the defect density is higher than 10 17 cm −3 .
Secured Access Control in Security Information and Event Management
 Systems

Nowadays, Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) is very important in software. SIEM stores and monitors events in software and unauthorized access to logs can prompt different security threats such as information leakage and violation of confidentiality. In this paper, a novel method is suggested for secured and integrated access control in the SIEM. First, the key points where the SIEM accesses the information within the software is specified and integrated policies for access control are developed in them. Accordingly, the threats entered into the access control module embedded in this system are carefully detected. By applying the proposed method, it is possible to provide the secured and integrated access control module for SIEM as well as the security of the access control module significantly increases in these systems. The method is implemented in the three stages of the requirements analysis for the establishment of a secure SIEM system, secure architectural design, and secure coding. The access control module is designed to create a secured SIEM and the test tool module is designed for evaluating the access control module vulnerabilities. Also, to evaluate the proposed method, the dataset is considered with ten thousand records, and the accuracy is calculated. The outcomes show the accuracy of the proposed method is significantly improved. The results of this paper can be used for designing an integrated and secured access control system in SIEM systems.
Immunohistochemical studies on progressive pathology of ischaemia reperfusion acute kidney injury in male Sprague Dawley rats

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major problem in ICU patient, majority of the cases even after functional recovery ended with chronic kidney disease. In the present study, we investigated the immunohistochemical change in progressive pathology of ischaemia reperfusion induced acute kidney injury. Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to 35 min of renal ischemia followed by reperfusion periods of day 1, 4, 7, 14 and 28. Renal injury was confirmed by the increase serum creatinine level. The vascular and tubular changes in kidneys were studied by the CD31 and vimentin immunohistochemistry respectively. In this study, no significant changes were observed in CD31 positive cells, though lower densities of capillaries were noticed in the tubulo-interstitial lesion on day 28 of reperfusion. Significant increase in vimentin positive cells, which is a marker of undifferentiated cells, was observed on day 4 and day 7 of reperfusion. The immature cells were also present on day 28 of reperfusion indicating that these cells may would have led further progressive pathological changes in kidney even after the functional and morphological normalization.
Evolution of Self-organization and gelation in Laponite Ionogels

We report formation of colloidal gel network in aqueous laponite dispersions containing ionic liquid (IL). With the passage of time, these flowing dispersions reorganized and attained a solid-like rigid structure. Structural reorganization of clay platelets in the IL environment caused reduction in the inter platelet repulsion due the IL-double layer screening and facilitated formation of stronger ionogels for samples with [IL] 0.03% (w/v)). The structure factor comprised two relaxation modes diffusion fast mode followed by an anomalous slow mode. The slow mode was frozen at all IL concentrations whereas the fast mode contained two diffusion coefficients both strongly dependent on IL concentration. In summary, laponite gels could be systematically customized in IL solutions to generate a range of soft materials with properties solely dependent on IL concentration which may not exceed 0.05% (w/v).