Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of RANS simulation and LES for the Prediction of Heat Transfer in a Highly Loaded Turbine Guide Vane

This paper proposes to investigate the flow in a highly loaded turbine guide vane with a particular interest for the estimation of wall heat fluxes. Two numerical approaches are assessed at different operating conditions: a steady-state method based on the Reynolds Averaged NavierStokes (RANS) equations and an unsteady approach based on the Large Eddy Simulation (LES). Results indicate that a steady flow simulation is able to predict wall heat transfers when boundary layers are either laminar or fully turbulent. However it fails to estimate the main flow features when a boundary layer transition phenomenon is observed. In this context, LES considerably improves the level of physical description (including boundary layer transition) and better estimates wall heat transfers. The paper also investigates the effect of Reynolds number and external turbulence intensity on the boundary layer transition mechanisms.
End-to-End Information Extraction by Character-Level Embedding and Multi-Stage Attentional U-Net

Information extraction from document images has received a lot of attention recently, due to the need for digitizing a large volume of unstructured documents such as invoices, receipts, bank transfers, etc. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning architecture for end-to-end information extraction on the 2D character-grid embedding of the document, namely the \textit{Multi-Stage Attentional U-Net}. To effectively capture the textual and spatial relations between 2D elements, our model leverages a specialized multi-stage encoder-decoders design, in conjunction with efficient uses of the self-attention mechanism and the box convolution. Experimental results on different datasets show that our model outperforms the baseline U-Net architecture by a large margin while using 40\% fewer parameters. Moreover, it also significantly improved the baseline in erroneous OCR and limited training data scenario, thus becomes practical for real-world applications.
Compositions and methods of treating cancer

FIELD: medicine, pharmaceutics. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to pyrroloquinolinyl pyrrolidine-2,5-diones of formula IVa, IVb, Va or Vb possessing the properties of cancer cell inhibitor properties, to a based pharmaceutical composition, and to a method of treating using them. In general formulas , R1, R2 and R3 mean hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, I, -(C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl, CF 3 , -O-(C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl, or -OCF 3 ; R4 means hydrogen, - (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl or -CH 2 R7; R7 means -O-P(=O)(OH) 2 , -O-P(=O)(-OH)(-O-(C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl), -O-P(=O)(-O-(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl) 2 , -O-P(=O)(-OH)(-O-(CH 2 )-phenyl), -O-P(=O)(-O-(CH 2 )-phenyl) 2 , groups of carboxylic acid, groups of aminocarboxylic acid or peptide; Q represents aryl, heteroaryl, -O-aryl, -S-aryl, -O-heteroaryl or -S-heteroaryl; X means -(CH 2 )- or -(NH)-; Y means -(CH 2 )- or a bond; wherein the above aryl, heteroaryl, -O-aryl, -S-aryl, -O-heteroaryl and -S-heteroaryl groups can be substituted by one or more substitutes, and m is equal to 1 or 2. EFFECT: preparing the substances possessing the properties of cancer cell growth inhibitor. 26 cl, 2 tbl, 12 dwg, 88 ex
The Case for Pluginized Routing Protocols

Routing protocols such as BGP and OSPF are key components of Internet Service Provider (ISP) networks. These protocols and the operator’s requirements evolve over time, but it often takes many years for network operators to convince their different router vendors and the IETF to extend routing protocols. Some network operators, notably in enterprise and datacenters have adopted Software Defined Networking (SDN) with its centralised control to be more agile. We propose a new approach to implement routing protocols that enables network operators to innovate while still using distributed routing protocols and thus keeping all their benefits compared to centralised routing approaches. We extend a routing protocol with a virtual machine that is capable of executing plugins. These plugins extend the protocol or modify its underlying algorithms through a simple API to meet the specific requirements of operators. We modify the OSPF and BGP implementations provided by FRRouting and demonstrate the applicability of our approach with several use cases.
(2019). Reflectance Transformation Imaging as a tool for engineering failure analysis. Engineering Failure Analysis, 105, 1006-1017.

Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) is a technique which can be used to record the surface appearance of objects. It can capture a surface's interaction with incident light from different directions and it enables estimation of the surface normal vector. 3D surface profile information can be estimated from RTI datasets using photometric stereo methods. RTI currently has applications in archaeometry and cultural heritage studies but here we discuss the use of RTI in an engineering context: as a tool for failure analysis and particularly for examining failure surfaces in structural materials and components. We demonstrate that RTI can be a practical and low-cost technique for failure analysis, complementing other surface analysis and 3D scanning methods.
Understanding SSD over-provisioning

Essentially, over-provisioning allocates a portion of the total flash memory available to the flash storage processor, which it needs to perform various memory management functions. This leaves less usable capacity, of course, but results in superior performance and endurance. More sophisticated applications require more over-provisioning, but the benefits inevitably outweigh the reduction in usable capacity.
The Effect of a Functional Progressive Strength Training Program on Mobility of Ambulatory Adolescents and Young Adults with Cerebral Palsy

The present single blind randomized control trial examined the effect of a school-based functional strength training program of the lower limbs, during the Adapted Physical Education (APE) class, upon the mobility of ambulatory adolescents and young adults with Cerebral Palsy (CP) (GMFCS I-III). The participants, 35 individuals with diplegia and tetraplegia, aging 12 to 19 years old, were allocated in the Experimental and Control Conditions (EC&CC). The EC received their treatment with functional weight bearing exercises, 3 times per week for 10 weeks. Both groups followed their conventional treatment at school. Mobility was assessed with GMFM (D&E), GMFM D, GMFM E, Sit to Stand (STS), Lateral Step up (LSU) and Time Up and Go (TUG). Secondary outcome variables were isometric strength, passive range of motion and spasticity. The results were significant for GMFM (D&E), GMFM D, GMFM E, STS, LSU, TUG and isometric strength. No adverse effects were found for ROM and spasticity. The findings are discussed in accordance to the conflicting literature, the repetitive tasks throughout the intervention, specificity of functional strength training and the enjoyment experienced during the intervention of the CP adolescents and young adults in the EC.
Biologically Plausible Neural Networks via Evolutionary Dynamics and Dopaminergic Plasticity

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) lack in biological plausibility, chiefly because backpropagation requires a variant of plasticity (precise changes of the synaptic weights informed by neural events that occur downstream in the neural circuit) that is profoundly incompatible with the current understanding of the animal brain. Here we propose that backpropagation can happen in evolutionary time, instead of lifetime, in what we call neural net evolution (NNE). In NNE the weights of the links of the neural net are sparse linear functions of the animal’s genes, where each gene has two alleles, 0 and 1. In each generation, a population is generated at random based on current allele frequencies, and it is tested in the learning task through minibatches. The relative performance of the two alleles of each gene is determined, and the allele frequencies are updated via the standard population genetics equations for the weak selection regime. We prove that, under assumptions, NNE succeeds in learning simple labeling functions with high probability, and with polynomially many generations and individuals per generation. NNE is also tested on MNIST with encouraging results. Finally, we explore a further version of biologically plausible ANNs (replacing backprop) inspired by the recent discovery of dopaminergic plasticity.
Climatology of Estimated Altimeter Error due to Nonstandard Temperatures

General aviation (GA) accidents involving controlled flight into terrain often occur when pilots are unaware that their aircraft’s true altitude is lower than the altitude indicated by the pressure altimeter as a result of colder-than-standard temperatures. However, little guidance is available that quantifies the magnitude of these altimeter errors and their variation with season. In this study, the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate (ERA5) dataset is combined with the pressure–altitude equation to construct a 30-yr monthly climatology, covering much of the United States and Canada, of D value (i.e., true altitude minus pressure altitude) corrected for the standard-atmosphere height separation between the altimeter setting and standard mean sea level pressure. This “corrected” D value therefore provides a useful estimate of the error between true and altimeter-indicated altitude. During winter, the mean corrected D values reach values as low as −350 m (~−1200 ft) in northern, low-terrain regions for flights near a pressure altitude of 3600 m, meaning the aircraft would be nearly 350 m lower than the altimeter indicates. Furthermore, the minimum (i.e., maximum negative) corrected D values are nearly double their mean values for the same time period. In addition, the reanalysis-based corrected D values are compared with estimated values calculated using a simple rule of thumb that is based solely on the air temperature at altitude and the surface elevation. The rule of thumb tends to underpredict the magnitude of the estimated error, in some cases by 70 m (~200 ft), and therefore gives a lower margin of safety.
impact of standards and regulation on innovation in uncertain arkets nut

This study analyses the impact of formal standards and regulation on firms’ innovation efficiency, considering different levels of market uncertainty. We argue that formal standards and regulation have different effects, depending on the extent of market uncertainty derived from theoretical considerations about information asymmetry and regulatory capture. Our empirical analysis is based on the German Community Innovation Survey (CIS). The results show that formal standards lead to lower innovation efficiency in markets with low uncertainty, while regulations have the opposite effect. In cases of high eywords:
Clustering Mobile Call Detail Records to Find Usage Groups

Clustering techniques, applied to anonymized cellular call detail records from a small city, reveal groups with similar usage patterns. Voice and text message usage, attributed to a particular day of the week and hour of the day, was processed to produce seven compact and well separated clusters. Two of these are investigated in detail and are related to: a) commuters who call on the way to and from work; b) students who have text message patterns related to the daily school schedule and are handled by cell sites that cover the local high-school and middle-school.
Number : 03 / 10 Title : International Determinants of Stock Market Performance in China : A Cointegration Approach

This paper examines the macroeconomic determinants of the Shanghai Composite Index (SCI) performance including the influence of US macro-variables in Chinese stock prices. We employ the Johansen Maximum Likelihood to determine whether a cointegration relationship exists between domestic and international macroeconomic variables and the SCI and Granger-causality tests to determine whether the SCI is a leading indicator for macroeconomic variables. The main findings suggest that Chinese stock prices are determined by changes in domestic variables, namely: inflation, industrial production, money supply, short-term interest rates and the exchange rate. This paper also finds arguments that suggest that US economic and financial indicators, namely the Dow Jones Industrial Average, industrial production and the consumer confidence index, are significantly related to Chinese stock prices. The Granger-causality test provides evidence that the Shanghai Composite Index is a leading indicator for macroeconomic variables and that the US stock index is related to the Chinese stock index performance.
Neural network system identification in noise-amplifier flows : an experimental study using optical-flow PIV data

A neural-network system identification method along with a standard proper orthogonal decomposition was implemented to identify dynamical systems of typical noise-amplifier flows: the transitional flat plate boundary layer in the presence of the Tollmien-Schlichting instability and the backward-facing step flow. The influence of the sensor nature and the number of snapshots on the success of the network training and validation is discussed.
THE RÔLE OF SURGICAL MAGGOTS IN THE DISINFECTION OF OSTEOMYELITIS AND OTHER INFECTED WOUNDS

When used in infected wounds, the surgical maggots are able to hasten disinfection. A study has been made of the means by which the destruction of bacteria has been brought about. Maggots ingest bacteria in large numbers in feeding upon the necrotic tissues of the wound. Cultures of aseptic dissections of the alimentary tract of maggots showed an abundance of bacteria in the fore-stomach, decreasing numbers in the hind-stomach, and apparently a total disappearance of the bacteria in the intestine. This indicates that ingested bacteria are destroyed in passing through the alimentary tract. To determine whether or not destruction is caused by digestion, tests were made of the action of digestive enzymes of maggots upon streptococcus hemolyticus and staphylococcus aureus. The enzymes were obtained by maceration of sterile maggot tissue. Results were negative in all cases. This is probably due to death of enzyme-secreting cells during maceration. Livingston and Prince report positive results and state that applications of maggot extract were effective as a curative agent. The data, however, do not make clear how the healing effect obtained was due to maggot extract. Repetition of our tests confirm our negative results. Maggots feed upon the necrotic and purulent materials within the wound. They thus aid in cleaning up the wound and making its condition less suitable for bacterial growth. Drainage from the wound is stimulated under maggot treatment. The excessive discharge, which is heavily contaminated with bacteria, assists in wound disinfection. This investigation indicates that the effects obtained in the maggot treatment of infected wounds are due to the action of living maggots in the wound, and that living maggots can not be eliminated in treatment. The increased growth of granulation tissue within the wound and its relation to maggot activities is discussed.
A Methodological Approach to Evaluate Elderly-Robot Interactions

The relevance in the study of interaction between elderly and robots may depend on the choice of activities that robots can be developed to perform and the assessment of their impact and importance for older people. This research requires coordinated research between computer engineers and specialists in the humanities and social sciences. Being a recent research area, it is particularly relevant to carefully select the behavioural variables to be analyzed, the methodology adopted and the instruments that allow for a rigorous evaluation. Based on these assumptions, the present study aims to develop Innovative Initiatives for the Promotion of Active Aging in the EUROACE Region. The authors propose an appropriate methodology and instruments to evaluate the impact of the human-robot interaction in the promotion of a more active aging in a group of elderly in a nursing home. The analyzed variables focus on the involvement of the elderly in the activities, their capacity for initiative and to establish social interactions, indicators of well-being and a proactive attitude. The methodology of the study is mixed (qualitative and quantitative), organized as an exploratory case study. Data collection is based on naturalistic observation but variables are quantitatively assessed in a pre/post-test design.The research design identified the narratives of the elderly and the staff of the institution regarding the needs and interests of each elderly person, classified the participants according to the levels of prevailing social interactions, involvement and initiative in activities, considered important variables for an active ageing and, in this sense, demonstrated its adequacy to be used to evaluate the results of the intervention using social assistive robots.
Sex-specific changes in the aphid DNA 1 methylation landscape 2

23 Aphids present an ideal system to study epigenetics as they can produce diverse, but 24 genetically identical, morphs in response to environmental stimuli. Here, using whole genome 25 bisulphite sequencing and transcriptome sequencing of the green peach aphid (Myzus 26 persicae), we present the first detailed analysis of cytosine methylation in an aphid and 27 investigate differences in the methylation and transcriptional landscapes of male and asexual 28 female morphs. We find that methylation primarily occurs in a CG dinucleotide (CpG) context 29 and that exons are highly enriched for methylated CpGs, particularly at the 3’ end of genes. 30 Methylation is positively associated with gene expression, and methylated genes are more 31 stably expressed than un-methylated genes. Male and asexual female morphs have distinct 32 methylation profiles. Strikingly, these profiles are divergent between the sex chromosome 33 and the autosomes; autosomal genes are hypo-methylated in males compared to asexual 34 females, whereas genes belonging to the sex chromosome, which is haploid in males, are 35 hyper-methylated. Overall, we find correlated changes in methylation and gene expression 36 between males and asexual females, and this correlation is particularly strong for genes 37 located on the sex chromosome. Our results suggest that differential methylation of sex38 biased genes plays a role in M. persicae sexual differentiation. 39
Roentgenologic Determination of Heart Volume in Infants. 1

Roentgenologic determination of the heart volume has been carried out in 45 infants with healthy hearts. The roentgenograms were taken simultaneously in two planes at right angles (the frontal and sagittal planes), and the volume calculated by Jonsell's modification of the Kahlstorf formula. In order to ascertain the error of the method a number of control examinations were made on cadavers, and in addition double determinations were made in 18 infants at the time of the roentgen examination. The absolute values for the heart volume were correlated with the body length and the body‐weight and the heart volume per square metre of body surface with the body length.
Feasibility study of an interferometric CubeSat to detect exoplanets

Every week, new exoplanets are discovered mostly by the transit method (77.1% of all discoveries according to NASA [1]). Even if this method is efficient at detecting planets, it is limited to a small fraction of the whole expected exoplanets population due to the low probability of planetary transit. Therefore, a direct method is needed to detect and characterize exoplanets around the nearest stars. In this case, the planet and the star are angularly separated and photons are distinguished. It leads to the detection of the planet. Moreover, it allows the possible characterization of the planet surface or its atmosphere.
PARALLEL COMPUTING SIMULATION OF MULTIPHASE FLOWS EMPLOYING THE VOF METHOD

In the last years numerical simulation became a very important tool in solving engineering problems, due to its versatility in dealing with problems of different engineering’s areas. However, as problems grow in complexity, such a technique is limited by the current capability of the single-processor computers. This reason and the development of cluster of computers lead to a wide use of parallel computing for solving flow problems in very large domains or in detailed scales. The parallelization of a computer code requires, however, modifications in the serial algorithm in order to deal with the exchange of data among the processors, and such changes depend on the method used to solve the flow. In this paper a parallel algorithm employed to solve transient multiphase flows using the Volume-of-Fluid method (VOF) with Piecewise-Linear Interface Calculation (PLIC) reconstruction technique is presented. The solution of the Navier-Stokes equations is obtained by using the PRessure Implicit Momentum Explicit (PRIME) method to treat the pressure-velocity coupling in a staggered arrangement of variables, while the parallelization is carried out using the Multiblock method and the MPI library. Three two-dimensional tests are carried out in order to assess the performance of the new algorithm: the broken dam with and without an obstacle and the rising bubble in a resting fluid. The objective of the first case is to test the capability of the parallel algorithm to propagate the pressure gradient to all sub-domains when the water arm, which is formed after water flows against the obstacle, reaches the opposite wall of the domain. Whilst the second test aims in assessing the computational time spent – as well as the speed-up factor – as a function of the number of processors employed when this algorithm is used. This is also the objective of the third test, at which the effects due to the interfacial tension are considered. All the numerical simulations were carried out by the supercomputer SGI Altix ICE 8200 of the Computational Fluid Dynamics Lab (SINMEC), at the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC). As shown by the results, the parallel algorithm proposed in this work is able to deal with complex flows such as the broken dam with an obstacle. It can also be verified that the employment of the proposed parallelization technique results in a significant economy of CPU time when more than one processor is used. As can be verified through the results, when the computational domain is divided into 16 sub-domains, the simulation is four times faster than the serial one for the rising bubble case. The results presented in this paper confirm that the proposed algorithm represents an alternative to expensive serial simulations of transient multiphase flows employing the VOF method.
Pay Attention to Features , Transfer Learn Faster

Deep convolutional neural networks are now widely deployed in vision applications, but the size of training data can bottleneck their performance. Transfer learning offers the chance for CNNs to learn with limited data samples by transferring knowledge from weights pre-trained on large datasets. On the other hand, blindly transferring all learned features from the source dataset brings unnecessary computation to CNNs on the target task. In this paper, we propose attentive feature distillation and selection (AFDS) that not only adjusts the strength of regularization introduced by transfer learning but also dynamically determines which are the important features to transfer. When deploying AFDS on ResNet-101, we achieve state-of-theart computation reduction at the same accuracy budget, outperforming all existing transfer learning methods. On a 10× MACs reduction budget, transfer learned from ImageNet to Stanford Dogs 120, AFDS achieves an accuracy that is 12.51% higher than its best competitor.