Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A critical analysis of patent citations as a measure of patent value

The empirical community has been enamored with patent citations for a long time. In this paper we evaluate this relationship by examining the efficacy of the patent citation indicator to explain patent value as measured by patent renewal. We use this evaluation to test several qualities of the patent citation indicator. First, we find that not all patent citation indicators are equally as effective in explaining patent renewal. The indicator based on the DOCDB patent family appears as an alternative to citations solely based on the EPO and USPTO patent system. Second, we determine that patent citations display a logarithmic relation with patent value. Third, the analysis shows that the origin of the patent citation is of little relevance and that patent citations that directly involve the focal patent are more important than those to family members . We find that the best indicators are based on the DOCDB patent family and include citation information from multiple patent offices. Fourth, we show that self-citations explain patent renewal better than other citations. Fifth, we find that applicant generated citations provide more explanatory value, than examiner generated citations and sixth, we find that citation windows invariably lead to a substantial alteration of the citation indicator. Finally and foremost, we observe that despite the infatuation of the econometric community with the indicator, patent citations are poor at best to explain patent renewal. We therefore conclude that better indicators of patent quality are needed
Tabasco pepper transpiration by the heat dissipation probe method

Methods of heat supply in the trunk have been widely used to estimate transpiration of woody plants; however, there are few studies about its effectiveness in small plants. This study aimed to calibrate the Heat Dissipation Probe (HDP) method to estimate transpiration and study the influence of natural thermal differences, the estimation of the conductive area and the placement of sensors to estimate transpiration in Tabasco pepper plants. Heat dissipation probes were installed in twenty nine 8-month-old plants, planted in beds, in a greenhouse. The equation for sap flow estimation was calibrated with standard lysimetric measurements in one of the representative plants. The angular coefficient of the equation for estimating sap flow was adjusted by minimizing the absolute deviations between the sap flow and daily transpiration measured in the lysimeter. After ten days of sap flow measurements, all plants were cut above the installation location of the upper probe; images of certain areas were generated and the dimensions of the regions present in the stem were determined. The HDP method with original calibration adjustment, correction of natural thermal differences and with a small sampling to determine the conductive area of the xylem is accurate to estimate the transpiration of Tabasco pepper plants.
Walking gait dataset : point clouds , skeletons and silhouettes Technical Report Number 1379

Vision techniques are currently playing an important role in healthcare systems. We present here a unique dataset that is helpful for studies on gait analysis. The dataset is expected to be appropriate for the scientific community to evaluate their algorithms. This report presents an overview of our dataset that contains normal (symmetric) walking gaits and 8 simulated abnormal (asymmetric) ones. The dataset was acquired by 9 volunteers and is represented in 3 different data types: point cloud, skeleton, silhouette.
Mental Accounting and Savings Decisions of the Poor Pre-Analysis Plan

This documents describes the planned analyses for the lab-in-the-field experiment assessing the impact of cash-in-hand on savings decisions. Between February and March 2017, 300 microfinance clients took part in paid, individual interviews. All clients were informed one week in advance that at the next weekly (borrower) center meeting, a randomly drawn subsample would be invited to take part in interviews that would pay P 300 ($6). During the interview, clients were asked whether they wanted to save some of their payment in their existing savings account. The study uses a 2x2 design with two levels of randomization. First, cash-in-hand was randomized at the individual level: 50 percent of the participants received their show-up fee at the very beginning of the survey and before making the savings decisions whereas the other half received the remainder of the cash they did not save directly after the decision. Second, at the day of the interviews, in half of the 31 centers a participation fee of P 500 ($10) was announced after the recruitment of volunteers but before the start of the interviews. The present document describes the outcome variables and econometric methods that I will employ to assess the effect of cash possessions on savings decisions. *Lisa.Spantig@econ.lmu. de, +49 (0)89 2180 9793, LMU Munich, Department of Economics I thank Cathy Arzobal, Liezl Baldorado, Fhernellyn Estiva, Darlene Romo and Patricia Tolentino for excellent research assistance and all staff of Ahon Sa Hirap for collaboration. I am grateful for comments to Vojta Bartos, Jana Cahlikova, Kristina Czura, Martin Kocher and Simeon Schudy. Financial support from the Elite Network of Bavaria and the Department of Economics at LMU is gratefully acknowledged. I kindly thank the Munich Experimental Laboratory for Economic and Social Sciences (MELESSA) for providing tablets.
Drip Irrigation Systems and Water Saving in Arid Climate : A Case Study from South Tunisia

Tunisia is a North Africa country where water resources are limited and often brackish notably in the south part. Competition for water between agricultural, industrial and urban consumers increases continually. Under these conditions of limited resources, trickle irrigation systems become an attractive alternative for conserving water. The objective of this paper was to study the feasibility of this system and to determine its impact on water use efficiency and production of pepper (Capsicum annuum. L) which is largely cropped plant of southern Tunisia arid part. Firstly, a study was carried out to determine the effects of different discharge values on wetting patterns under trickle source in a loamy sand soil. It was carried out in monoliths with two different discharges (4 and 1.5 liter per hour). With 4L/h discharge, wetting front reach a depth of 50cm after an application time of 4 hours and the largest moistened band at 20 cm depth under soil surface and measure 70 cm. With 1.5 L/h during 6hours application time the wetting front depth was 37cm and the largest band was observed at 15cm with 60 cm value. The second part of the study was undertaken on the field. Plants are planted and irrigated differently by trickle and surface irrigation in order to distinguish the differences in soil water content, crop production and applied water in relation with irrigation systems. Results showed that trickle irrigation used 60% less water than surface irrigation whereas production was respectively 17.755 Ton ha and 1 10.715 Ton ha for drip and surface. 1
Design of Elastic Hadoop Supporting Dynamic Scaling of the Cluster

—This paper discusses the problem of node management in the Hadoop cluster and presents a mechanism for managing the Hadoop cluster more elastically. The proposed mechanism supports instant removal of a slave node from the cluster and reconnection to the cluster. Using this, the cluster can be managed more elastically because slave nodes no longer need to be dedicated to the cluster. The experimental results show that the proposed mechanism can process 5 times faster than when a slave node is arbitrarily stopped.
WP / 16 / 116 The short-term impact of product market reforms : A cross-country firm-level analysis

This paper analyzes the effects of product market reforms in the short and medium term across 10 regulated industries and 18 advanced economies for the period 1998-2013 using internationally comparable firm-level data based on Orbis. It provides four key insights. First, product market reforms have positive effects on capital, output and employment and their effects increase over time. After two years, they raise capital by 4%, output by 3% and employment by 1.5%. Second, differences in production technology and the nature of product market regulations across sectors generate important differences in the mechanisms through which reforms operate. In network industries, reforms tend to benefit small firms, while the opposite is observed in retail trade. Product market reforms also promote firm entry, particularly those that reduce entry barriers. Third, credit constraints can play an important role in weakening the positive impact of product market reform on investment. Fourth, product market reforms also tend to have positive effects on firms in downstream sectors—both at home and abroad—that make intensive use of intermediate inputs from deregulated sectors. JEL Classification Numbers: structural reform, competition, credit constraints, firm entry, Orbis
MINOR REVISION Thank you for your letter of response to the reviewers and for submitting a revised manuscript

Chlorophyll concentration is a key oceanic biogeochemical variable. In the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), its distribution, which is mainly obtained from satellite surface observations and scarce in situ experiments, is still poorly understood. In 2011-2012, eight profiling floats equipped with biogeochemical sensors were deployed for the first time in the GOM and generated an unprecedented dataset that significantly increased the number of chlorophyll vertical distribution measurements in the region. The analysis of these data, once calibrated, permits us to reconsider the spatial and temporal variability of the chlorophyll concentration in the water column. At a seasonal scale, results confirm the surface signal seen by satellites, presenting maximum concentrations in winter and low values in summer. It is shown that the deepening of the mixed layer depth is the primary factor triggering the chlorophyll surface increase in winter. In the GOM, a possible interpretation is that this surface increase corresponds to a biomass increase. However, the present dataset suggests that the basin scale climatological surface increase in chlorophyll content results from a vertical redistribution of subsurface chlorophyll and/or photoacclimation processes, rather than a net increase of biomass. One plausible explanation for this is the decoupling between the mixed layer depth and the deep nutrient reservoir since mixed layer depth only reaches the nitracline in sporadic events in the observations. Float measurements also provide evidence that the depth and the magnitude of the deep chlorophyll maximum is strongly controlled by the mesoscale variability, with higher chlorophyll biomass generally observed in cyclones rather than anticyclones.
3 Results and Discussion 3 . 1 DO effect on nitrification and N 2 O emissions

Nitrous oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas with a significant global warming potential, can be produced during the biological nutrient removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). N2O modelling under dynamic conditions is of vital importance for its mitigation. Following the activated sludge models (ASM) layout, an ASM-type model was developed considering three biological N2O production pathways for a municipal anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A2/O) WWTP performing chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Precisely, the N2O production pathways included were: nitrifier denitrification, hydroxylamine oxidation, and heterotrophic denitrification, with the first two linked to the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) activity. A stripping effectivity (SE) factor was used to mark the non-ideality of the stripping modelling. With the dissolved oxygen (DO) in the aerobic compartment ranging from 1.8 to 2.5 mg L-1, partial nitrification and high N2O production via nitrifier denitrification occurred. Therefore, low aeration strategies can effectively lead to a low overall carbon footprint only if complete nitrification is guaranteed. After suddenly increasing the influent ammonium load, the AOB had a greater growth compared to the NOB. N2O hotspot was again nitrifier denitrification. Especially under concurring partial nitrification and high stripping (i.e. combination of low DO and high SEs), the highest N2O emission factors were noted. Engineering EPiC Series in Engineering Volume 3, 2018, Pages 1340–1349 HIC 2018. 13th International Conference on Hydroinformatics G. La Loggia, G. Freni, V. Puleo and M. De Marchis (eds.), HIC 2018 (EPiC Series in Engineering, vol. 3),
Color Image Contrast Enhancement Using Wavelet

Color image enhancement is an important research area due to the huge development in the digital image processing scope and its wide usage in many applications, and exist the needing in some applications such as engineering, military and medical imaging. All applications still needs to enhance those images, which have some problems when taken by the camera, for not applying enough light, as taking it in cloudy weather or on bright light or dark area or taking it from a far distance, all these reasons make the picture not clear having ambiguous details and colors. So, through this research, an efficient color image contrast enhancement technique is proposed based on Undecimated Wavelet Transform (UWT) to adjust the light for dark images, to make them have deep detail, sharp edges and better quality. To enhance the image, the histogram equalization is used for each clustered for the K-means clustering of lower band coefficient . The performance evaluated by some measurements including correlation coefficient as well as Signal Noise Ratio (SNR) , Mean Square Error (MSE) , and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). Experimental results of this study suggest that UDWT and K-means clustering of the proposed system provide high image quality.
Localised process and output externalities in innovation

We extend the literature on innovation externalities to identify two very different mechanisms through which such externalities may occur. Using UK Innovation survey data for the period 2004-2012, we apply a novel identification strategy that is able to distinguish between local spillovers arising from the process of innovating (“process externalities”) and the outputs from the innovation process (“output externalities”). Empirically this distinction turns out to be important with the two local spillovers having different signs in estimation of the innovation production function. We find that local output externalities are strongly negative, arising perhaps from intensified local competition. These negative output externalities co-exist with weakly positive local process externalities arising from innovation collaboration or R&D investments. The opposing signs of our estimated output and process externalities have implications for potential Marshallian and Jacobian externalities.
Synchronization of Josephson Junctions May 10 , 2018

Synchronization is a common yet interesting emergent phenomenon observed in various parts of nature, such as condensed matter systems and biological coupled oscillators. How does a synchronization arise in a given system? This essay introduces a mathematical explanation to the emergence of synchronization and describes emergence of partially and completely synchronized phases in a series of current biased Josephson junctions.
of Consumer Marketing Consumer reactance against loyalty programs

Purpose – Although relationship marketing has developed into the prevailing marketing paradigm, it frequently encounters resistance from the demand side. Both management practitioners and academics indicate that at least some consumers show reactance against loyalty programs, i.e. against tactical instruments of relationship marketing. Nevertheless, relationship marketing has widely neglected reactance theory. This paper attempts to close this gap. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the fundamental principles of loyalty programs and reactance theory the paper presents a set of hypotheses on the determinants and effects of situational consumer reactance against loyalty programs. It tests these hypotheses on the basis of 388 face-to-face interviews with bookstore customers. These interviews include a between-subject manipulation on the reactance effect of economic, social-psychological, and contractual bonding potentials. To test the proposed hypotheses, the paper applies structural equation modeling with PLS. Findings – As expected, contractual bonds provoked reactance effects, while social-psychological bonds neither increased reactance, nor the perceived utility of the program. Economic bonds raised perceived utility up to a certain threshold level, from which the reactance effect dominated thereafter. Practical implications – As a consequence, a cautious and limited application of customer loyalty programs is advisable. The developed consumer reactance scale can help managers to evaluate the effects of planned or implemented customer retention measures. Originality/value – This is the first attempt to investigate situational reactance in a loyalty program setting.
Integrated DNA preparation for pyrosquencer onto a polymer microfluidic device

We present a microfluidic system capable of performing various DNA sample preparation processes like enzymatic digestion and purification. The system consisted of a disposable polymeric chip and a controlling system. Mixing chambers, incubation chambers and DNA purification modules were integrated on the polymeric chip. Optimization tests were carried out using the genome of HCT116 cells to study the effect of mixing time and velocity, temperature, pH, and concentration of solution. Using the optimized parameters, we managed to demonstrate the feasibility of the chip to perform enzymatic digestion and purification processes on pUC19 DNA. This microfluidic system can be further developed into a comprehensive system to automate the protocols required by molecular biologists.
Exploring the Relationship between Ambient Marketing Practices and Behavioural Intentions

UNNAYAN : International Bulletin of Management and Economics Volume X | January 2019 233 Richa Gupta Ph.D Scholar, Department of Commerce, University of Jammu, J&K, India Email : paperricha@rediffmail.com Ambient marketing practices are heavily employed by the market managers have the potential to reach the outsized consumer market easily and effectively by clasping the attention of the consumers towards company/product/brands. With less marketing budget, innovative and creative and eye-catchy messages, ambient marketing campaigns influence the knowledge, and brand characteristics of the consumers which pave the way towards consumer behavioural intentions. Present study has highlighted these facets of ambient marketing practices and empirically investigates how these campaigns affect behavioural intentions of the consumers. Data were collected randomly from five hundred consumers of Jammu city using self design questionnaires and analysed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling approach (SEM). Our results indicated positive impact of ambient marketing practices on consumer behavioural intentions and other brand related measures. These results provide useful insights for the market managers and scholars for designing their marketing communication campaigns effectively. Lastly the study highlighted various limitations and proposed future research.
PL Study on the E ff ect of Cu on the Front Side Luminescence of CdTe / CdS Solar Cells

The effect of Cu on highly efficient CdTe thin solid film cells with a glass/TCO/CdS/CdTe structure subjected to CdCl2 treatment was investigated by low-temperature photoluminescence (PL). The PL of the CdS/CdTe junction in samples without Cu deposition revealed a large shift in the bound exciton position due to the formation of CdSxTe1−x alloys with Eg (alloy) 1.557 eV at the interface region. After Cu deposition on the CdTe layer and subsequent heat treatment, a neutral acceptor-bound exciton (ACu,X) line at 1.59 eV and two additional band-edge peaks at 1.54 and 1.56 eV were observed, indicating an increase in the energy gap value in the vicinity of the CdTe/CdS interface to that characteristic of bulk CdTe. These results may suggest the disappearance of the intermixing phase at the CdTe/CdS interface due to the presence of Cu atoms in the junction area and the interaction of the Cu with sulfur atoms. Furthermore, an increase in the intensity of CdS-related peaks in Cu-doped samples was observed, implying that Cu atoms were incorporated into CdS after heat treatment.
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF COMPACT-MULTICHANNEL NEUTRON MODERATOR FOR ACCELERATOR-BASED BNCT SYSTEM

This study aims to develop a compact-multichannel neutron moderator to provide a high flux epithermal neutron beam source using an accelerator to support the new cancer treatment Boron Neutron Captured Therapy (BNCT). Typical accelerator-based BNCT neutron generators are delivering only a certain type of neutron spectrum through only one channel. However, in this study, new design of accelerator-based moderator system is proposed to deliver neutron spectrums at several different channels, while maintaining the minimum epithermal neutron flux of 109/s/cm2 as suggested by IAEA. Several different materials were chosen and investigated in detailed. Out of the materials studied, Fe, AlF3 and Teflon were chosen to be the final options for the configuration of moderators. Besides moderators, other aspects including the target, gamma shield, collimator as well as the thermal analysis of the target system were also performed to complete the study. A preliminary stage of experiment of this study was also performed to confirm the feasibility of the conceptual-design of this system in clinical accelerator-based BNCT.
Mössbauer effect studies of Dy ( Mn 0 . 4 − x Al x Fe 0 . 6 ) 2 compounds

It was previously found that the magnetic hyperfine fields observed at 57Fe nuclei (4.2 K) in the Dy(Mn 1−xFex)2 and Dy(Fe1−xCox)2 intermetallics form a Slater–Pauling curve. Both 3d subbands in the Dy(Mn 0.4Fe0.6)2 compound are filled up only partially with 3d electrons. The consequence of Mn/Al substitution, in the Dy(Mn 0.4Fe0.6)2 compound was studied in the present paper. For this purpose the synthesis and X-ray analysis (300 K) of the series Dy(Mn 0.4−xAl xFe0.6)2 were performed. The cubic, MgCu 2-type Fd3m crystal structure was observed across the series. Nevertheless for x = 0.35 and 0.40 a stoichiometric admixture of the hexagonal, MgZn 2-type, P63/mmc was evidenced. 57Fe Mössbauer effect measurements for the series were performed at 4.2 K. The magnetic hyperfine fields form a separate branch of the Slater–Pauling curve. This branch is compared to the magnetic hyperfine field previously obtained for the Dy(Mn 0.4Fe0.6−xAl x)2 series (the Fe/Al substitution). The possible 3d electron band structure is discussed qualitatively within the Stoner model. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.