Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Adipic Acid as Crosslinker on the Tensile and Thermal Properties of Rice Straw Cellulose Nanocrystals/Chitosan Nanocomposites:

The effect of chemical crosslinking on the tensile and thermal properties of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)/chitosan nanocomposites was investigated. Adipic acid (AA) was employed as crosslinking agent in this study. CNC reinforced chitosan-based nanocomposites were prepared by solution casting. The inclusion of AA enhanced the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of CNC/chitosan nanocomposites significantly compared to the non-crosslinked nanocomposites. However, elongation at break decreased notably upon the addition of CNC and AA. The fractured surface of the CNC/chitosan nanocomposites was studied by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The behaviors of thermal property of chitosan nanocomposites was investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC analysis showed that the AA-crosslinked chitosan nanocomposites has a higher melting point than the non-crosslinked chitosan nanocomposites.
Temporal Selection in Dynamic Displays: Sensory Information Persists Despite Masking

The visual system receives a dynamic stream of information, but it has a limited capacity and must deploy its resources to behaviourally relevant stimuli a process referred to as “attention”. Rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) is an experimental method for investigating attention’s time course by presenting a rapid sequence of stimuli at a single location. Attentional selection in both naturalistic viewing and RSVP is limited by masking, and many models of selection in RSVP assume that masking terminates sensory memory for stimuli that are no longer present. However, there is indirect evidence that information about unselected RSVP stimuli may persist in a buffer despite masking. In this thesis we directly investigate buffering and selection of a cued item from one of multiple simultaneous RSVP streams. We use mixture modelling to analyse reports from only those trials in which participants identified a letter in response to the cue, and outline a novel quantitative test for buffering (Chapter 2). This provides new insights into the temporal variability of selection with exogenous and endogenous cues (Chapter 3). A series of experiments show that participants can select buffered representations, despite masking, and this appears to be related to the number of simultaneous RSVP streams (Chapter 4). We also investigate possible contributions of crowding and eccentricity to selection (Chapter 5). RSVP provides a measure of attention’s timing that replicates classic attentional effects. However, participants appear to dedicate attention to the streams prior to the cue’s appearance. When there are few streams, this leads to attentional speeds fast enough to select a stimulus representation that persists briefly, despite the masking inherent in RSVP. This falsifies theoretical claims about masking in RSVP, and demonstrates that the dynamic nature of naturalistic viewing does not prevent selection from sensory memory.
Long Non-coding RNA TUG1 Modulates Expression of Elastin to Relieve Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia via Sponging miR-29a-3p

Objective: Multiple studies have highlighted that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may exert paramount roles in relieving bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The aim of our investigation is to probe the role and mechanism of lncRNA taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) in BPD. Methods: The current mouse model of BPD was simulated by induction of hyperoxia, and hyperoxia-induced mouse type II alveolar epithelial (MLE-12) (MLE-12) cells were established as a cellular model. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to determine relative expressions of TUG1, miR-29a-3p, and elastin (ELN). We assessed cell apoptosis by TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Western blot was used for detection of apoptosis-related proteins. Moreover, cell viability was tested by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Inflammatory factors were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) assay was employed to confirm relationship between genes. Results: Upregulation of miR-29a-3p was found in lung tissues of BPD mice compared with lung tissues without BPD, while downregulations of TUG1 and ELN were discovered in BPD tissues in comparison with tissues without BPD. Increasing TUG1 was shown to alleviate lung injury of BPD mice and promote proliferation of hyperoxia-induced MLE-12 cells. Meanwhile, TUG1 inhibited inflammatory response and cell apoptosis in lung tissues of BPD mice and hyperoxia-induced MLE-12 cells. miR-29a-3p was targeted by TUG1 and negatively modulated by TUG1. ELN was inversely regulated by miR-29a-3p. Meantime, suppressive effects of TUG1 on apoptosis and inflammation were reversed by decreasing ELN or increasing miR-29a-3p in hyperoxia-induced MLE-12 cells. Conclusion: lncRNA TUG1 relieved BPD through regulating the miR-29a-3p/ELN axis, which provided a therapeutic option to prevent or ameliorate BPD.
Semantic Web Engineering: Boon or Bane

Semantic is the study of meaning of words in a sentence. Semantics help us find words which will fit better in sentence without changing the actual meaning of the sentence. Semantic is very important because, it is necessary to understand the different meanings of words and solves the problem of data overloading while retrieving information from Web. But semantics in ontological world has some shortcomings also. All the advantages and disadvantages related with semantics are collected and explicitly listed out clearly in this paper after a lot of research. Further, graphs have been used to depict the aim of the paper in a coherent manner and visualize the information written focusing on every aspect and need. The study of ontology and semantics in today’s world is considered necessity and ontological axioms have found their use in many fields like medicine, laboratories, mathematical calculation etc. Through this paper, we propose to find if semantic web engineering is a boon or a bane in the field of technology. Keywords— Semantic Web Engineering, WWW, description
Detection of fast diffusing molecules in the membrane of living cells.

We present a novel optical scheme for the observation of the dynamics of single fluorescent molecules, with a flexible choice of high spatial localization accuracy (∼10– 20 nm standard deviation or ∼20–40 nm full-width-at-half-maximum) and temporal resolution (<1 ms, <0.5 ms for much of a molecule trajectory). The fluorescence signal during individual passages of fluorescent molecules through a spot of excitation light allows the sequential localization and thus spatio-temporal tracking of the molecule if its fluorescence is collected on at least three separate point detectors arranged in close proximity. Time-correlated-single-photon-counting is shown to be a vital feature within this approach, allowing useful extensions in the analysis and improving signal-to-noise ratio in molecular tracking data. We show two-dimensional trajectories of individual, small organic dye labeled lipids diffusing in the plasma membrane of living cells and directly observe transient events of trapping on <20 nm spatial scales. The trapping is cholesterol-assisted and much more pronounced for a sphingothan for a phosphoglycero-lipid, with average trapping times of ∼15 ms and <4 ms, respectively. The results support previous STED nanoscopy measurements and suggest that, at least for nontreated cells, the transient interaction of a single lipid is confined to macromolecular dimensions. Our experimental approach demonstrates that molecular movements up to diffusion coefficients D ≈ 0.1− 1μm/s can be tracked with minimal invasion, which can reveal new important details of cellular nano-organization. This is further exemplified by uncovering subtle differences in the lateral diffusion of several membrane constituents of different chemical structure. The potential of single photon detection and counting for the rapidly developing field of far-field optical nanoscopy is discussed and proof-of-principle experiments are presented in which nanoscale images are reconstructed from molecular registrations based on their complete photon statistics.
Fantasy space modeling in English academic text

The article is aimed at identifying the ways of representing the category of fantasy in English academic text and describing fantasy space of this type of texts. The research was carried out on the material of three monographs in linguistics. The conceptual analysis of the texts to identify contexts with markers of fantasy was undertaken, the nature of referential relationships in a fantasy utterance was studied, and the structure of fantasy was modeled. Fantasy images were considered in the light of their denotative and significative descriptors. The research findings revealed the form of representation and the functions of the category of fantasy in academic texts and displayed the peculiarity of the fantasy space in academic texts.
Brain-targeted nanoparticles to overcome the blood-brain barrier

The blood-brain barrier is one of the most complicated barrier to pass for therapeutic drugs. Because of the structure of the blood-brain barrier, only a few small molecules with appropriate lipophilicity, molecular weight, and charge can penetrate through the blood-brain barrier and pass in the central nervous system. Because of this unique property, blood-brain barrier is still a major problem for the treatment of central nervous system diseases. In the last decades, many strategies to overcome this barrier have been investigated. Compared to other drug delivery strategies, due to the reduced side effects and no requirement for surgical operations, brain targeted nanoparticle is one the most promising and popular strategy used do deliver drugs to the brain. Many in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies have been conducted to determine optimum brain targeted nanoparticles. These studies were reported that characteristics of nanoparticles such as particle size, zeta potential, and targeting ligand are critical to achieving the goals. In this review, first of all, the structure of the blood-brain barrier and possible causes of blood-brain barrier disruption were summarized. Later, previous strategies of brain targeted drug delivery and characteristic prosperities for optimized brain-targeted nanoparticles were evaluated. Moreover, different strategies, such as focus ultrasound, which can increase the effectiveness of nanoparticular system applications, are mentioned.
The effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on hepatic histopathology and oxidative stress in rats treated with malathion

Malathion is a broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide used in the agricultural industry. Our study aimed to investigate the protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) against malathion by examining histopathological and biochemical parameters. Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats were used in this study. Groups formed; group I (control), only 5 ml kg-1 oral corn oil; group II (malathion), 40 mg kg-1 malathion by gavage; group III (malathion+CAPE), intraperitoneal (i.p.) CAPE (10 μmol kg-1) followed by intragastric malathion (40 mg kg-1) after 1 hour; group IV (CAPE), intraperitoneal CAPE (10 μmol kg-1). At the end of the administrations, rats were anesthetised with ketamine/xylazine intraperitoneally and euthanasia was performed with cervical dislocation. Their intracardiac blood was drawn under anaesthesia, and after the euthanasia, their liver tissues were removed for histopathological analysis. In group II that was treated with malathion, cell infiltrations around the central and portal vein, degeneration and focal necrosis areas in the liver were detected. Although the histopathological findings observed in the malathion group were also encountered in group III (malathion+CAPE), lesions were less severe. In the malathion group II, total oxidant status (TOS) and total sialic acid (TSA) levels in plasma increased compared with the control group, while total antioxidant status (TAS) decreased compared with the control group. In the Malathion+CAPE group III, it was observed that biochemical parameters were closer to the control group. In malathion-treated rats, it was determined that CAPE reduced the degeneration in the liver and it could have a protective effect by partially correcting oxidative stress parameters. It was concluded based on our findings that malathion, which is an organophosphate compound, makes toxic effects in the liver, but that CAPE has a protective potential because it partially reduces the severity and frequency of histopathological lesions and it brings biochemical values closer to normal.
The new industrial policy: A chance for the BRICS countries

This paper is aimed at investigating the ways of overcoming imbalances concerning competition and industrial policies. The central principles of combining industrial and competition policies have been formulated on the basis of a discussion of challenges and opportunities for interaction in the field of industrial and competition policies in developing countries in general and BRICS in particular. When setting priorities, it is essential to pay attention to those sectors that demand highly qualified resources and that are characterized by relatively strong competition; industrial policy design should be more competitionand innovation-friendly, which, in its turn, means orientation at supporting companies on an equal basis instead of favoring one specific company; industrial policy should be based on a pragmatic approach that involves a cost-benefit analysis of providing assistance to a particular sector.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis EEG Classification Using Deep Neural Network And TLBO

The prediction and detection of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) diseases are a challenging task for the brain-computer interface. The discovery and classification of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diseases used various neural network models. The limitation of the neural network deals with feature extraction and vector conversion of ALS data. The extraction of features of ALS diseases is very complex due to the recorded signal of the human brain. The recoded signal consists of the actual signal and other brain behaviours of a signal treat as noise. The noise recorded signal degraded the performance of the brain-computer interface. For the betterment of the brain-computer interface, I am using feature selection and reduction process with the neural network model. This paper proposed the deep learning-based classification algorithms for the prediction of ALS disease. The deep learning algorithm is a variant of a multilayer neural network for the extraction of features used discrete wavelet transform function. The discrete wavelet transform function decomposed the electroencephalogram signal in different sub-bands for the processing. The represent bands into varied frequency range. The proposed algorithms are simulated in MATLAB software and used the standard dataset of ALS diseases for the analysis of performance. The proposed algorithm compares with Bayesian-based neural network and ensemble-based machine learning classifiers for ALS disease detection. The performance of the proposed algorithms improved the efficiency of the brain-computer interface system.
General and Specific Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Mechanisms Revealed by Analysis of Chimeric EGFR and IR Family Receptors

The type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) is involved in growth and survival of normal and neoplastic cells. A ligand-dependent conformational change is thought to regulate IGF1R activity, but the nature of this change is unclear. We point out an underappreciated dimer in the crystal structure of the related Insulin Receptor (IR) with Insulin bound that allows direct comparison with unliganded IR and suggests a mechanism by which ligand regulates IR/IGF1R activity. We test this mechanism in a series of biochemical and biophysical assays and find the IGF1R ectodomain maintains an autoinhibited state in which the TMs are held apart. Ligand binding releases this constraint, allowing TM association and unleashing an intrinsic propensity of the intracellular regions to autophosphorylate. Enzymatic studies of full-length and kinase-
Compact Broadband Monopole Antenna for C Band Applications

This paper reports a new design of broadband monopole patch antenna. The proposed antenna possess corner truncated rectangular patch with slits and defected ground structure, these modifications considerably improves the impedance bandwidth to 41.29% over a wideband (5.1–7.59 GHz). The design is appropriate for wireless communication including WLAN IEEE 802.11 g/a (5.15–5.35 GHz and 5.725–5.825 GHz) and C Band (4–8 GHz) applications. An antenna prototype is fabricated using FR-4 with an electrical permittivity of 4.4. Experimental and numerical simulations of antenna’s radiation characteristic are also reported and exhibits good concurrence.
Effect of Zinc Oxide as an Additive on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Singgora Roof Tile

The Singgora roof tile has been used widely as roofing material in traditional Malay housing in olden days. However, few factors such as high moisture –absorption, fungus growth and easily crack to make it less competitive and enduring falling of purchaser demand nowadays. These drawbacks are due to the mechanical and physical properties of the roof itself. Substantial work should be carried out to overwhelm the mentioned shortcomings of Singgora roof tile in sustaining the traditional legacy. Therefore, the inclusion of additive like Zinc Oxide (ZnO) in the production of Singgora roof tile can improve its mechanical and physical properties. Six different compositions of ZnO (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 wt. %) mixed with clay powder were fired in a furnace for 16 hours at a temperature of 800 °C. The final product of ZnO incorporation with clay roof tile was characterised for mechanical and physical properties such as SEM observation, density and porosity measurements, and three-point bending test investigation. From the result, 10 wt. % ZnO addition shows the optimum result which consists of low porosity, high density and also high flexural strength.
Monocytic Microparticles (mMP) derived from different monocyte subsets display similar morphology and size

Microparticles (MP) derived from monocytes are known as monocytic microparticles (mMP). To date, the morphology of microparticles (MP) derived from different monocyte subsets, CD14+ monocytes and CD16+ monocytes is still unclear. Therefore, the morphology and size of mMP derived from both monocytes were assessed. Monocyte subsets were isolated by immunomagnetic selection followed by lipopolysaccharide stimulation and subsequently mMP were isolated by ultracentrifugation. Our data have shown that mMP appear as a single particle with no variation in size. In conclusion, mMP derived from different monocyte subsets exhibit similar morphology and size despite their antigenic differences.
Estimation of genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis in local landraces of rice (Oryza sativa L.) for the improvement of salinity tolerance

Twenty eight local rice landraces were assessed for eleven morphological traits for the improvement of salt tolerance ability of rice genotypes. Genotypic variance (σ 2 g), phenotypic variance (σ 2 p), phenotypic co-variance (PCV), genotypic co-variance (GCV), heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as a percentage of mean, correlation coefficient and path coefficient were estimated. For all the traits, PCV was higher than the GCV indicating that they were controlled by non-additive gene action and selection for the improvement of these traits would be promising. Among the traits, survival rate of plant exhibited high estimates of PCV (460.72) and GCV (324.73) indicated wide range of variability for these traits where lowest phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) where low PCV and GCV were observed for root dry weight (0.17 & 0.12) followed by shoot dry weight (0.31 & 0.16) and total number of roots (0.61 & 0.34) indicating lack of inherent variability and limited scope for improvement through selection for these traits among the genotypes. Highest heritability had observed in all traits except chlorophyll content and root length and maximum value of heritability was noticed for shoot length (75.96%). High heritability along with high genetic advance was noticed for survival rate of plant (31.14%) followed by live leaves percentage (11.98) and the lowest genetic advance was found in root dry weight (0.58) and shoot dry weight (0.58). Correlation study revealed that significant negative correlations at both phenotypic and genotypic level exist between standard evaluation score (SES) and survival rate (%), root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, root dry weight and shoot dry weight at the seedling stage further confirmed the importance of these parameters as useful selection criteria for screening for salt tolerance rice genotypes. Path analysis revealed that the root length (0.487), root dry weight (0.394) and shoot dry weight (0.047) had direct positive effect on standard evaluation score at genotypic level where live leaves (%) per plant (0.168), total number of roots (0.006), chlorophyll content (0.243) and shoot fresh weight (0.102) had direct positive effect on standard evaluation score at phenotypic level. From the correlation and path analysis it can be concluded that root length, root dry weight and shoot dry weight would be more promising for the improvement of salt tolerance in rice genotypes J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(1): 41-46, April 2018
Initial WNT/β-Catenin Activation Enhanced Mesoderm Commitment, Extracellular Matrix Expression, Cell Aggregation and Cartilage Tissue Yield From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Mesodermal differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro and subsequent specification into mesodermal derivatives like chondrocytes is currently afflicted with a substantial cell loss that severely limits tissue yield. More knowledge on the key players regulating mesodermal differentiation of iPSCs is currently needed to drive all cells into the desired lineage and to overcome the current need for intermediate cell selection steps to remove misdifferentiated cells. Using two independent human iPSC lines, we here report that a short initial WNT/β-catenin pulse induced by the small molecule CHIR99021 (24 h) enhanced expression of mesodermal markers (PDGFRα, HAND1, KDR, and GATA4), supported the exit from pluripotency (decreased OCT4, SOX2, and LIN28A) and inhibited ectodermal misdifferentiation (reduced PAX6, TUBB3, and NES). Importantly, the initial CHIR pulse increased cell proliferation until day 14 (five-fold), adjusted expression of adhesion-related genes (CDH3 up, CDH6 down) and increased extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression (COL6, COL1, COL3, COL5, DCN, NPNT, LUM, MGP, MATN2, and VTN), thus yielding more matrix-interacting progenitors with a high aggregation capability. Enhanced contribution to chondrogenic pellet formation increased the cell yield after eight weeks 200-fold compared to controls. The collagen type II and proteoglycan-positive area was enlarged in the CHIR group, indicating an increased number of cartilage-forming cells. Conclusively, short initial WNT activation improved mesoderm commitment and our data demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge that, acting via stimulation of cell proliferation, ECM expression and cell aggregation, WNT pulsing is a key step to make cell selection steps before chondrogenesis obsolete. This advanced understanding of the WNT/β-catenin function is a major step toward robust and efficient generation of high-quality mesodermal progenitors from human iPSCs and toward rescuing low tissue yield during subsequent in vitro chondrogenesis, which is highly desired for clinical cartilage regeneration, disease modeling and drug screening.