Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G Inhibit HIV-1 DNA Integration by Different Mechanisms (cid:1)

APOBEC3F (A3F) and APBOBEC3G (A3G) both are host restriction factors that can potently inhibit human immunodeﬁciency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication. Their antiviral activities are at least partially mediated by cytidine deamination, which causes lethal mutations of the viral genome. We recently showed that A3G blocks viral plus-strand DNA transfer and inhibits provirus establishment in the host genome (J. L. Mbisa, R. Barr, J. A. Thomas, N. I. J. Dorweiler, E. S. W. Brown, L. M. Mansky, R. J. Gorelick, R. S. Harris, A. Engelman, and V. K. Pathak, J. Virol. 81:7099–7110, 2007). Here, we investigated whether A3F similarly interferes with HIV-1 provirus formation. We observed that both A3F and A3G inhibit viral DNA synthesis and integration, but A3F is more potent than A3G in preventing viral DNA integration. We further investigated the mechanisms by which A3F and A3G block viral DNA integration by analyzing their effects on viral cDNA processing using Southern blot analysis. A3G generates a 6-bp extension at the viral U5 end of the 3 (cid:1) long terminal repeat (3 (cid:1) -LTR), which is a poor substrate for integration; in contrast, A3F inhibits viral DNA integration by reducing the 3 (cid:1) processing of viral DNA at both the U5 and U3 ends. we demonstrated that a functional C-terminal catalytic domain is more critical for A3G than A3F function in blocking HIV-1 provirus formation. we showed that A3F has a greater binding afﬁnity for a viral 3 (cid:1) -LTR double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) oligonucleotide template than A3G. Taking these results together, we demonstrated that mechanisms utilized by A3F to prevent HIV-1 viral DNA integration were different from those of A3G, and that their target speciﬁcities and/or their afﬁnities for dsDNA may contribute to their distinct mechanisms.
ANALISIS MINING SYSTEM PADA BITCOIN

Bitcoin digunakan secara luas sebagai mata uang digital dan sudah banyak dipakai oleh ratusan bahkan ribuan merchant diseluruh dunia secara online, sebagai mata uang yang diakui. Sistem bitcoin sendiri berbasiskan cryptocurrency, terlepas dari regulasi pemerintah dan ter desentralisasi. Teknologi yang digunakan berbasiskan peer-to-peer networking dan cryptography untuk menjaga integritas datanya. Walaupun penggunaan bitcoin masih belum dikenal secara luas, akan tetapi dari tahun ke tahun mengalami peningkatan pengguna yang cukup tinggi. Dalam penelitian ini akan dikaji mengenai cara mendapatkan bitcoin melalui salah satu cara yaitu mining. Kata kunci : bitcoin, cryptography, merchant, mining, peer-to-peer networking.
Induction of Cyclooxygenase-2 Overexpression in Human Gastric Epithelial Cells by Helicobacter pylori Involves TLR2/TLR9 and c-Src Dependent NF- κ B Activation

Gastric epithelial cells were incubated with a panel of clinical isolates of H. pylori , including non-ulcer dyspepsia with gastritis (HS, n=20), gastric ulcer (HU, n=20), duodenal ulcer (HD, n=21), and gastric cancer (HC, n=20). HC strains induced a higher COX-2 expression than those from HS, HD and HU. The bacterial virulence factors and the host cellular pathways were investigated. Virulence genes of iceA, vacA, babA2, cagA 3’ repeat region and hrgA failed to show any association with the disease status and COX-2 expression. Methylation-specific PCR revealed HC strains not affecting the methylation status of COX-2 promoter. NF-κ were found to involve in the COX-2 induction. We explored a novel NF- κ B activation pathway. The mutants of TLR2 and TLR9, not TLR4, inhibited H. pylori -induced COX-2 promoter activity, and neutralizing antibodies for TLR2 and TLR9 abolished H. pylori -induced COX-2 expression. COX-2 induction was inhibited by the PI-PLC, PKC and Src inhibitors. The dominant negative mutants of NIK and various IKKs including IKK β IKK β and IKK β (FF), inhibited the COX-2 promoter activity. found after H. of TNF- α for 6 h or co-transfected with κ B-Luc plasmid and TLR2 (P/H) or TLR9 (ICD) mutant, or the respective empty vector, then co-cultured with H. pylori for 6 h. Luciferase activity was measured as described under “Materials and Methods”. The results were
Biogeography of the Indonesian archipelago: rnitochondrial DNA variation in the h i t bat, Eonycteris spelaea

The fruit bat, Eonyctmk spelaea, occurs from India through the Philippines to the southeast limit of its distribution in the Lesser Sunda islands of Indonesia. Mitochondria1 DNA (mtDNA) variation was examined in Indonesian E. spelaea island populations by amplification of the D-loop and digestion with restriction endonucleases. In addition, microgeographic variation was assessed by investigation of three cave populations within one island. A total of 24 genotypes, comprising two broad clades, was detected. The pattern of mtDNA variation reflects the colonization history of E. spelaea with estimates of haplotype and sequence diversity highest in the older western populations and lowest at the eastern periphery of the species' distribution. These findings may also be associated with an environmental cline from west to east. There is also evidence that genetic distance between populations reflects geographic relationships, especially historical connectedness, as measured by Pleistocene sea-crossing distances. At the microgeographic level, cave populations were heterogeneous and composed of diverse lineages suggesting restricted local interchange.
Gene Amplification of Isolates from Molecular Data Through Estimated Phylogenetic Tree and Dendrogram Analysis

: Recent advances in molecular biology techniques have opened the door for culture-independent diagnostic methods. Immunological detection and identification by use of distinctive metabolites and nucleic acid probes are the tools most often used for diagnosis. One such technique is PCR, which has been shown to be useful for the culture-independent diagnosis of various microbial infections. Sequence similarity tools, such as BLAST, seek sequences most similar to a query from a database of sequences. They return results significantly similar to the query sequence and that are typically highly similar to each other. Most sequence analysis tasks in bioinformatics require an exploratory approach, where the initial results guide the user to new searches. However, diversity has not yet been considered an integral component of sequence search tools for this discipline. We evaluate the effectiveness of the targeted sequence with its similarity by BLAST results. It has been demonstrated that the utility of dendrograms at representing the essential features of the hierarchical structure of the isosurfaces for molecular line data cubes. The conclusions from this study were obtained by analyzing the gene sequence from the molecular analysis through different sequence analyzer and techniques.
CALCIUM HANDLING IN MYOGENIC PROGENITORS AND SKELETAL MYOBLASTS: THE ROLE OF CD20

_______________________________________________ INTRODUCTION ____________________________________________ 1. Origin, structure and physiology of skeletal mus cle __________ 1.1 Specification of skeletal muscle from paraxial mesoderm __ 1.2 Skeletal muscle ultra-structure _________________________ 1.3 Contraction of skeletal muscle _________________________ 1.4 Classification of skeletal muscle fibers __________________ 1.5 Muscle regeneration _________________________________ 1.6 Myogenic stem cells _________________________________ 1.6. 1 Muscle-derived cells _________________________________ 1.6. 2 Myo-endothelial cells _________________________________ 1.6. 3 Mesoangioblasts ____________________________________ 1.6. 4 Pericytes __________________________________________ 1.6. 5 CD133 cells _______________________________________ 1.6. 6 PW1/Pax7 interstitial cells ____________________________ 1.6. 7 Mesenchymal stem cells ______________________________ 2. Calcium ion in skeletal muscle _________________ __________ 2.1 Calcium signaling in muscle development _______________ 2.2 Calcium and skeletal muscle function: excitation-contraction coupling ______________________________________________ 2.3 Store-operated calcium entry in skeletal muscle __________ 3. Myopathies ___________________________________________ 3.1 Duchenne muscular dystrophy ________________________ 3.2 Calcium as a pathogenic factor in DMD _________________ MATERIALS AND METHODS ________________________________ 1. Isolation and characterization of blood-derived CD133 stem cells by flow cytometry ________________________________________ 2. Evaluation of dystrophin isoforms expression in CD133 stem cells by RT-PCR and western blot ________________________________________________________ 3. Immunoprecipitation and western blotting from bl ood-derived CD133 stem cells _______________________________________ _ I
Geographic Data Modeling for NoSQL Document-Oriented Databases

—The integration of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) with relational databases (RDBMS) and the search for interoperable standards among geospatial systems have been featured focuses on the agendas of academia, industry, and the spatial data user community in for some time now. Subsequently, in database technologies, some of the new issues increasingly debated are non-conventional applications, including NoSQL (Not only SQL) databases, which were initially created in response to the needs for better scalability, lower latency and higher ﬂexibility in an era of bigdata and cloud computing. These non-functional aspects, which are very common in the treatment of spatial data, are the main reason for using NoSQL database. However, currently there are no systematic studies on the data modeling for NoSQL databases, especially the document-oriented ones. Therefore, this article proposes a NoSQL data modeling standard, introducing modeling techniques that can be used on document-oriented databases, including geographical features. In addition, to validate the proposed model, a study case was implemented using geographic information on changes in the land use of Brazilian biomes.
Comparative Study of Major Image Enhancement Algorithms

Image restoration is a process of reconstruction or recovery of an image that has been corrupted or degraded by any degradation phenomenon. Image restoration techniques are inclined towards modeling the degradation and applying the inverse process in order to recover the original image. The critical goal of restoration techniques is to improve the quality of an image in some predefined manner. This present paper is a comparative study of image enhancement techniques used for improving the quality of a given image and evaluate it against the quality of a given image and evaluate it against SNR, PSNR, MSE, and SSIM as metrics.
Wide-range, high-precision and low-complexity MPPT circuit based on perturb and observe algorithm

A novel CMOS maximum power point (MPP) tracking circuit with high-power throughput, high-tracking efficiency and low complexity for solar converters is presented. The power acquisition circuit guarantees the tracking efficiency and the control logic module which implements the multiplexing of power conversion, power storage and power comparison, simplifies MPPT circuit significantly. Simulation and measurement results show that the MPPT circuit operates properly and the tracking efficiency stays larger than 99.9% with the output current of the power acquisition circuit varying from 5 to 100 μA.
Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutic Strategy for the Treatment of and Presentation by HLA-DR2b as a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Antigen Binding

The strong association of HLA-DR2b (DRB1*1501) with multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests this molecule as prime target for speciﬁc immunotherapy. Inhibition of HLA-DR2b–restricted myelin-speciﬁc T cells has the potential to selectively prevent CNS pathology mediated by these MHC molecules without undesired global immunosuppression. In this study, we report development of a highly selective small molecule inhibitor of peptide binding and presentation by HLA-DR2b. PV-267, the candidate molecule used in these studies, inhibited cytokine production and proliferation of myelin-speciﬁc HLA-DR2b–restricted T cells. PV-267 had no signiﬁcant effect on T cell responses mediated by other MHC class II molecules, including HLA-DR1, -DR4, or -DR9. Importantly, PV-267 did not induce nonspeciﬁc immune activation of human PBMC. Lastly, PV-267 showed treatment efﬁcacy both in preventing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and in treating established disease. The results suggest that blocking the MS-associated HLA-DR2b allele with small molecule inhibitors may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MS. The Journal of Immunology , 2013, 191: 000–000. T cell responses. The lead compound used in these studies, PV-267, inhibited cytokine production and proliferation by MBP87–99-speciﬁc HLA-DR2b–restricted CD4 + T cells derived from a MS patient. Furthermore, PV-267 similarly inhibited murine MBP-reactive T cells in a HLA-DR2b transgenic mouse model and ameliorated EAE both in prevention and treatment mode. Im-portantly, PV-267 did not have nonspeciﬁc immune-activating effects on human PBMCs in vitro and did not result in upregulation of activating/costimulatory receptors and production of cytokines.
Real-Time Adapted ELAS on FPGA Accelerated Embedded Devices

—For many applications in low-power, real-time robotics, stereo cameras are the sensors of choice for depth perception. Their biggest drawback, however, is that they do not directly sense depth maps; instead, these must be estimated through data-intensive processes. Motivated by applications in space and mobile robotics, we implement and evaluate an FPGA-accelerated adaptation of the ELAS algorithm. Despite offering one of the best trade-offs between efﬁciency and accuracy, ELAS has only been shown to run at 1 . 5 − 3 fps on a high-end CPU. Our system preserves all intriguing properties of the original algorithm, such as the slanted plane priors, but can achieve a frame rate of 47 fps whilst consuming under 4 W of power. Unlike previous FPGA based designs, we take advantage of both components on the CPU/FPGA System-on-Chip to showcase the strategy necessary to accelerate more complex and computationally diverse algorithms for such low power, real-time systems.
Urethritis Associated with Disseminated Microsporidiosis : Clinical Response to Albendazole

P. bettyae pleuropneumonia has not been previously reported. Until now, this organism has been exclusively isolated from humans; it is the cause of I% of all Pasteurella infections [2]. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the major source of P. bettyae is the genitourinary tract and it has been speculated that this organism is a cause of genitourinary infections in adults [I]. In Rwanda, P. bettyae was isolated from 3.6% of persons with exudative genital ulcers [3]. Concomitant HIV infection was not investigated in this study. P. bettyae may be a sexually transmitted agent with an apparent predilection for genital ulcers [3]. P. bettyae may be initially incorrectly identified. In our case, the first microbiological diagnosis was a Haemophilus species, and there was a delay in establishing the correct diagnosis. At the present time, it is not clear whether there is a true increase in the frequency with which this species is isolated from medical specimens or whether this increased frequency that has been observed is due to improved isolation and identification procedures. Incidentally discovered HIV infection may have promoted the development of our patient's pleuropneumonia and worsened its prognosis. This case illustrates that P. bettyae could be an unusual
Stochastic Gradient Boosting Model for Twitter Spam Detection

In today’s world of connectivity there is a huge amount of data than we could imagine. The number of network users are increasing day by day and there are large number of social networks which keeps the users connected all the time. These social networks give the complete independence to the user to post the data either political, commercial or entertainment value. Some data may be sensitive and have a greater impact on the society as a result. The trustworthiness of data is important when it comes to public social networking sites like facebook and twitter. Due to the large user base and its openness there is a huge possibility to spread spam messages in this network. Spam detection is a technique to identify and mark data as a false data value. There are lot of machine learning approaches proposed to detect spam in social networks. The efficiency of any spam detection algorithm is determined by its cost factor and accuracy. Aiming to improve the detection of spam in the social networks this study proposes using statistical based features that are modelled through the supervised boosting approach called Stochastic gradient boosting to evaluate the twitter data sets in the English language. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated using simulation results.
GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN AS AN ANALYTICAL TOOL IN PROCESS ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGY

analytical techniques Near spectroscopy and to Green of jellyfish was studied for two the namely and of the shows its application as an efficient GFP of 238 acid residues (26.9KDa) that exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet GFP is 4-(p ejpmr, 2016,3(6), 216-222 ABSTRACT Process Analytical Technology (PAT) is an initiative of US FDA to ensure for a better quality product with minimum cost, minimum wastage and defects by a constant check on the quality attributes throughout a process. The PAT concept proved beneficial in maintaining the quality of many of the pharmaceutical and biotechnological process. Yet for all there had been much opposition on implementation of PAT. Fermentation being one of the prime processes linking to most of the pharmaceutical product proves to be an excellent in this issue if at all PAT is successful in its case. Of the many techniques suggested by PAT for analyzing the quality of the process, Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) is a step ahead in process analysis. The review aims at supporting the PAT concept with the discussion made on the benefits of GFP as an analytical
PREPARATION OF IRBESARTAN NANOPARTICLES FOR DISSOLUTION RATE ENHANCEMENT

Nanoparticle technique offers promising methods for the formulation of poorly water soluble drugs. The objective of the present investigation was to enhance dissolution and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble irbesartan (IBS) by preparing stable nanoparticles. IBS nanosuspensions were produced by antisolvent precipitation under sonication. The physicochemical properties of the prepared nanoparticles were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and solubility studies, as well as measuring the particle size and in-vitro drug dissolution. The physicochemical results indicated that the antisolvent precipitation process led to the amorphization of IBS without drug-polymer chemical interaction. IBS nanoparticles increased the saturation solubility of drug almost sixteen fold. The in vitro studies showed a marked increase in the drug dissolution rate After 60 min, nanoparticles were almost dissolved completely but only 53 % of unprocessed IBS and 70 % of physical mixture (PM) had dissolved owing to its crystalline nature and larger crystal size. The combining of the methods was a promising method to produce uniform nanoparticles of IBS with remarkable improvement in dissolution rate.
Governance for Data Collection, Sharing, and Use in Smart Cities in China: New Initiatives in Facilitating Innovation while Addressing Privacy and Security Concerns in Shenzhen

Data governance is a critical section in the construction of smart cities. Current research still has gaps in the overall data governance mechanism, particularly how data openness promotes innovation in detail and potential data security and privacy risks. Taking Shenzhen, China, as a case, this paper aims to explore collecting, sharing, using, innovation, security, and privacy of data governance, focusing on analyzing how data openness promotes social innovation and how the government will deal with potential risks of data security and privacy. At the end of the article, there are some policy implications. As for institutional innovation, the Shenzhen Municipal Government is the leader in the smart city construction, issuing many documents and supporting policies to guide the data collection, sharing, and application. Meanwhile, the government encourages enterprises to co-design the smart city through general contracting, subcontracting, and government purchases. Besides, in terms of data security and privacy protection, when framing the governance system, policymakers should consider the policy feasibility, implementation scope, and the consistency of relevant policies to reduce the confusion of enterprises and the public.
Sterile Cell Death Stimulates the Inflammatory Response to Identification of the Cellular Sensor That

Cell death provokes a robust inﬂammatory response. We have previously shown that this response is dependent on IL-1 a . In this study, we investigate the cellular mechanism used by a host to sense cell death, produce IL-1 a and also the role of IL-1 b in this response. In almost all cases examined, the IL-1 that stimulated the death-induced inﬂammatory response came from the host rather than the cell that was dying. In these situations, host bone marrow-derived cells were the key source of the IL-1 a that was required for the inﬂammatory response. Conditional cellular depletion and reconstitution in CD11b promoter-driven diphtheria toxin receptor transgenic mice revealed that host macrophages played an essential role in the generation of the inﬂammatory response and were the source of the required IL-1 a . In addition, we found a role for IL-1 b in the death-induced inﬂammatory response and that this cytokine was generated by both bone marrow-derived and radioresistant host cells. The one exception to these ﬁndings was that when dendritic cells were injected into mice, they provided a portion of the IL-1 that stimulated inﬂammation, and this was observed whether the dendritic cells were live or necrotic. Together, these ﬁndings demonstrate that macrophages play a key role as the primary sentinels that are required to sense and report cell death in ways that initiate the inﬂammatory response. One key way they accomplish this important task is by producing IL-1 a that is needed to initiate the inﬂammatory response. The Journal of Immunology , 2010, 184: 4470–4478.
Toepler’s Spark Law in a GIS with Compressed SFg-Nl Mixture

This paper deals with the experimental measurements and analysis of the forma- tive time lags to breakdown and an estimation of the Toepler’s constant for gas gaps, under the application of 50 Hz ac voltage. The experiments were carried out in a 145 kV gas insulated system (GIS) bus duct with pure N,, pure SF, and SF,-N, mixture as insulating media. The formative time lags to breakdown in the gas gaps were measured using a fast response capacitive sensor. Toepler’s spark law has been used to explain the breakdown phenomenon in the GIS and the values of Toepler’s constant (k,), which gives an estimation of the formative time lags, were determined. Results show that the formative time lags vary inversely with gas pressure and the gas mixture concentrations for two gaps studied (0.46 mm and 0.61 mm). In the case of another gap (0.20 mm), the variation in the formative time lags with pressure as well as SF, concentration in the mixture has been found to he negligi-bly small between gas mixtures, although significant variation can be seen between pure SF, and pure N,. Toepler’s constant, k,, increases with gas pressure as well as SF, concentration in the mixture for the gaps studied. Hence, k, is a function of the gas pressure and the concentrations of SF, in the gas mixture for the above-mentioned gaps.