Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CLEANING AND CUTTING WITH SELF-RESONATING PULSED WATER JETS

A new type of pulsed water jet, which uses principles of self-resonance to create pressure fluctuations, is now being developed. The advantages of pulsing to improve the erosive action of a jet—by interrupting the flow, hence using the water hammer impact stress created by each individual slug—have long been appreciated by the users of water jets for cutting and cleaning applications. Of several self-resonating pulsed jet, or ''SERVOJET”, concepts, a design incorporating a Helmholtz resonating chamber, tuned to drive an organ-pipe segment, has proven feasible for in-air interruption of a water jet. Experimental results for several cleaning and cutting applications are described.
Contextualized Writing: Promoting Audience-Centered Writing through Scenario Based Learning

Relevance stimulates passion and perseverance. Students who believe the course material is relevant to their lives will pay attention, be intrinsically motivated, and begin to see the transferability and application of content skills to other disciplines. Content skills refer to the knowledge, threshold concepts, and attitudes required to succeed in a specific discipline. Relevance of content skills increases student success. While the professor as disciplinary expert readily sees the importance of the subject matter and skill set, students do not always grasp how the class’ intended learning outcomes will benefit them after course completion, especially in the General Education courses, courses that provide a foundation for a student’s academic career. The responsibility of meaning-making is in the hands of the students. No amount of teacher-centered instruction will give that epiphany to the students, rather students must recognize the connections themselves. Student-centered learning approaches involving such active learning techniques as problem-based learning, inquiry-based learning, and case-based learning place the meaning-making in the hands of the student and have thus become the preferred approach within such fields as medical, legal, and military studies. These learning techniques utilize hypothetical but realistic scenarios to encourage students to explore the subject in context of a real-world situation. Rarely are such strategies seen in General Education (Gen Ed) courses, however. An assignment involving a realistic or authentic situation that a practitioner in the field is likely to face in the workplace makes sense as a teaching tool to a pre-med student, but not as obvious a tool for students in Gen Ed courses. Given the customization opportunities of these assignments and the breadth of skills honed during the activity process, the inclusion of such techniques could benefit students taking Gen Ed courses. Given the success of this study, which was to determine the effectiveness of using authentic projects to master the course’s intended learning outcomes, the purpose of this article is to promote the use of authentic projects in General Education courses.
Preventing Breast Cancer Recurrence through a Tailored Lifestyle Intervention: The MyLIFE (My Lifestyle Intervention with Food and Exercise) Trial Rationale and Study Design

Breast cancer risk, and risk of associated co-morbidities such as cardiovascular disease, is highest among overweight or obese women with a previous history of breast cancer. The objective of this study is to test the effectiveness of a tailored nutrition, physical activity, and behavioral weight management intervention for breast cancer survivors against a widely available commercial weight management program. We hypothesize that an intervention tailored to the unique psychological, nutritional, and physical needs of breast cancer survivors will provide superior physiological and psychological benefits compared to an existing commercial program for the general population. To test our hypothesis, we initially conducted a focus group with both breast cancer survivors and oncology affiliated health care providers in order to illicit feedback to develop an intervention customized specifically to breast cancer survivors. Subsequently, in a randomized, multicenter trial, we are studying the effect of the tailored program on overweight/obese women (N=120) with a history of breast cancer (3 months to 5 years post-primary treatment) on body weight and composition, markers of systemic inflammation related to cancer and associated chronic diseases, physical activity habits, dietary intake, health-related quality of life, and program adherence and satisfaction. Assessments will be taken prior to study initiation immediately following the intervention and at 6 months post-intervention to assess long-term maintenance of weight, lifestyle behaviors, and impact on physiological markers of disease risk. This project is unique in that it addresses weight issues in a high risk, understudied population using a tailored approach.
Thermo-Mechanical Model of Steel Continuous Casting Process

In the paper a numerical model of heat and mass transfer in the mould zone in the steel continuous casting technology was presented. The model has been developed using ProCAST software designed for simulation of casting processes. It allows to determine temperature and stress distribution in continuous castings in order to optimize the most important process parameters. In this work calculations were executed for low carbon steel grades casted in the industry. In the simulations the real rheological properties measured in the experimental work and the boundary conditions determined on the basis of the industrial data were used
Towards the Provision of Accurate Atomic Data for Neutral Iron

The rich emission and absorption line spectra of Fe I may be used to extract crucial information on astrophysical plasmas, such as stellar metallicities. There is currently a lack, in quality and quantity, of accurate level-resolved effective electron-impact collision strengths and oscillator strengths for radiative transitions. Here, we discuss the challenges in obtaining an accurate model of the neutral iron atom and compare our theoretical fine-structure energy levels with observation for several increasingly large models. Radiative data is presented for several transitions for which the atomic data is accurately known.
Nutraceutical potential of Methi (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and Kasuri methi (Trigonella corniculata L.)

The dried samples of methi leaves, stems (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and Kasuri methi (Trigonella corniculata L.) (Fabaceae family) were investigated for their potential for use as nutraceuticals. The former is commonly known as fenugreek while the latter is renowned as cultivated fenugreek. Thorough characterization of the both the samples demonstrated their capability as rich sources of energy, natural antioxidants, polyphenols and minerals. The methi leaves and kasuri methi showed to be good sources of protein. While both the samples are excellent sources of Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Phosphorus and moderate sources of Zinc, kasuri methi has a slightly richer amount of iron as compared to methi leaves. The samples revealed good amounts of alkaloids followed by moderate amounts of saponins. Total phenolics and flavonoids contents were obtained for methanolic and aqueous solvent extracts for each of the samples Antioxidant activity of the extracts was estimated using ABTS scavenging assay and FRAP assay. The methanolic extracts showed good antibacterial activity in B. subtilis, E. coli and P. mirabilis. GC-MS screening and flavour analysis showed the presence of several useful compounds indicating that the samples hold the potential to be stated under “nutraceuticals”.
Authoritarian Responses to Foreign Pressure

This article explores how international sanctions affect authoritarian rulers’ decisions concerning repression and public spending composition. Rulers whose budgets are not severely constrained by sanctions will tend to increase spending in those categories that most benefit their core support groups. When budget constraints are severe, dictators are more likely to increase repression. Using data on regime types, public expenditures and spending composition (1970–2000) as well as on repression levels (1976–2001), I show that the empirical patterns conform well to the theoretical expectations. Single-party regimes, when targeted by sanctions, increase spending on subsidies and transfers which largely benefit their key constituencies. Likewise, military regimes increase their expenditures on goods and services, which include military equipment and soldiers’ and officers’ wages. Conversely, personalist regimes targeted by sanctions reduce spending in all categories and thus increase repression more than other autocracies.
Transient calculations of nucleation and droplet growth for wet-steam expansions

The formation of water droplets by homogeneous nucleation from supersaturated steam is of intrinsic scientific interest to physical chemists concerned with the properties of small molecular clusters. The process has also been studied in application by engineers, particularly in regard to the effect of flow condensation on the performance of wet-steam turbines. The two communities rarely overlap though they would have much to learn from each other. The chemists tend to study homogeneous nucleation in isolation and are less concerned with the later stages of droplet growth to macroscopic size. The engineers divide the process into two stages: analytical results from nucleation theory are used prescriptively to estimate the rate of formation of ‘critical clusters’ and droplet growth theory is then used to calculate the rate at which they grow to macroscopic dimensions. In reality, the processes of nucleation and droplet growth are seamless. Indeed, the equations of droplet growth (at least for droplets substantially smaller than the mean free path of a vapour molecule) are actually embedded within the theory of nucleation. It should therefore be possible to treat the two processes as one and create a calculation procedure applicable over the whole droplet size range. Such a procedure is described in this paper. For small molecular clusters the procedure mimics the equations of nucleation theory and for large sizes it asymptotes to the equations of droplet growth. Most importantly, it provides a theoretically rigorous transition through the ‘critical region’, thus allowing an independent test of the engineering approach (which flips from one theory to the other at this point). The work described below is not without precedent. From the scientific viewpoint, Abraham has presented the results of numerical calculations of the transient nucleation of water droplets in humid air [1]. He used a similar approach to the one described below but his calculations were terminated at droplet sizes only slightly larger than critical thus avoiding the later stages of growth when the vapour properties are changing as the two-phase system reverts towards equilibrium. Other calculations which have elements of the present work are those described in [2-5]. An original aspect of the present work, however, is the full two-way coupling between vapour and liquid phases in the context of a condensing flow. It should be noted that the calculations are restricted to ‘isothermal nucleation’ meaning that energy fluxes are ignored and the temperature of each droplet is assumed to be equal to that of the vapour. Energy transport is important in many nucleation Transient Calculations of Nucleation and Droplet Growth for Wet-Steam Expansions
Communicating pesticide contamination messages

Abstract Over the last two decades, an increased understanding of the extent of pesticide contamination of organic collections in museums, particularly natural science and ethnographic collections, has developed. This paper explores the intellectual and emotional responses to messages about pesticide risks in museums and reports on the impact of wording on risk warnings. Six risk phrases using different terminology but intended to represent the same danger of pesticide contamination were evaluated by 103 museum staff. We found that how a message was delivered, the degree of science education of users, and phrases associated with hazards affected how a message was perceived. The delivery of risk warnings and the effective communication of collections-based hazards in museums are essential to responsible collections use, particularly those of scientific (Natural History) and cultural (Ethnographic) importance, where collections are most likely to be contaminated with hazardous substances. The results presen.
THE NUTRITIONAL IMPACTS OF SANITATION AT SCALE:

A growing but controversial literature has investig a ed the complex effects of sanitation on child nutrition outcomes. In Ethiopia open defecation was almost universal in rural areas at the turn of the century, but from 2003 onwards the country rapi dly scaled up community-led total sanitation (CLTS) campaigns based on behavioral change communi cation strategies and the construction of simple pit latrines. In the absence of any control tria s assessing the impacts of scaled-up CLTS in Ethiopia, we use three rounds of nationally represe ntative cross-sectional surveys (2000, 2005 and 2011) to estimate impacts of maternal and child nut rition outcomes. Importantly, we use several methodological innovations to better identify causa l impacts. First, we control for a wider array of confounding factors in robust village level regress ion . Second, we investigate biases stemming from the fact that older children have often only f aced partial exposure to recent improvements in sanitation. Third, we exploit pseudo-experimental s patial variation in the adoption of CLTS to better identify causal impacts. We consistently fin d that sanitation has significant, robust and positive effects on various nutrition outcomes, tho ugh the effects appear confined to private (nonshared) toilets. Most notably, however, the effects of anitation on child growth are several times larger when we restrict the sample to recently born children with greater exposure to sanitation. Finally, we use a simple decomposition technique to sh w that improvements in sanitation have been the principal driver of nutritional improvemen ts in Ethiopia over 2000-2011, especially the large observed changes in birth size.
Structure, Bonding, and Adhesion of Materials Interfaces With Density Functional Theory: Cr/Fe, SiC/Fe, MoSi2/Ni

Abstract : SiC/Fe and MoSi2/Ni interfaces are investigated using first principles calculations in order to determine the structure of the interfaces and calculate ideal adhesion energies. As a baseline for comparison, calculations were also performed on the Cr/Fe interface, which shows strong adhesion, even stronger than the intrinsic adhesion of Fe. Both ceramic/metal interfaces show good adhesion. Evidence of Si-Fe and Si-Ni covalent bonding is seen at the respective interfaces.
A Controlled Trial of Isoniazid in Persons with Anergy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Who Are at High Risk for Tuberculosis

A BSTRACT Background Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and latent tuberculosis are at substantial risk for the development of active tuberculosis. As a public health measure, prophylactic treatment with isoniazid has been suggested for HIV-infected persons who have anergy and are in groups with a high prevalence of tuberculosis. Methods We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of six months of prophylactic isoniazid treatment in HIVinfected patients with anergy who have risk factors for tuberculosis infection. The primary end point was culture-confirmed tuberculosis. Results The study was conducted from November 1991 through June 1996. Over 90 percent of the patients had two or more risk factors for tuberculosis infection, and nearly 75 percent of patients were from greater New York City. After a mean follow-up of 33 months, tuberculosis was diagnosed in only 6 of 257 patients in the placebo group and 3 of 260 patients in the isoniazid group (risk ratio, 0.48; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.12 to 1.91; P 0.30). There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to death, the progression of HIV disease or death, or adverse events. Conclusions Even in HIV-infected patients with anergy and multiple risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection, the rate of development of active tuberculosis is low. This finding does not support the use of isoniazid prophylaxis in high-risk patients with HIV infection and anergy unless they have been exposed to active tuberculosis. (N Engl J Med 1997; 337:315-20.)
Batch IS NOT Heavy: Learning Word Representations From All Samples

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) with negative sampling is the most prevalent approach to learn word representations. However, it is known that sampling methods are biased especially when the sampling distribution deviates from the true data distribution. Besides, SGD suffers from dramatic fluctuation due to the one-sample learning scheme. In this work, we propose AllVec that uses batch gradient learning to generate word representations from all training samples. Remarkably, the time complexity of AllVec remains at the same level as SGD, being determined by the number of positive samples rather than all samples. We evaluate AllVec on several benchmark tasks. Experiments show that AllVec outperforms sampling-based SGD methods with comparable efficiency, especially for small training corpora.
Selenite Adsorption Mechanisms on Pure and Coated Montmorillonite: An EXAFS and XANES Spectroscopic Study

Selenite (SeO{sub 3}{sup 2-}) is an oxyanion of environmental importance due to its toxicity to animals at higher concentrations, notably waterfowl and grazing animals. Sorption of SeO{sub 3}{sup 2-} with mineral phases typically controls the movement and bioaccessibility of SeO{sub 3}{sup 2-} in soils and sediments. Previous studies have successfully utilized synchrotron-based Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) and X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy to determine SeO{sub 3}{sup 2-} bonding mechanisms on Fe and Mn oxides, but the direct evidence of SeO{sub 3}{sup 2-} surface complexation mechanisms on important mineral phases such as Al hydroxide and aluminosilicate minerals is still lacking. In this study both EXAFS and XANES spectroscopy was conducted on aqueous SeO{sub 3}{sup 2-} solutions and on a variety of Al-bearing sorption samples at pH 4.5. The sorbents chosen were a hydroxyaluminosilicate (HAS) polymer, a hydroxyaluminum (HYA) polymer, montmorillonite, and both HYA and HAS coated montmorillonite. For SeO{sub 3}{sup 2-} sorption on montmorillonite, only bidentate binuclear inner-sphere complexation was observed. For the hydroxyaluminum and hydroxyaluminosilicate polymers, a mixture of outer-sphere and bidentate binuclear inner-sphere was observed. When montmorillonite was coated with either HYA or HAS polymers then adsorption behavior was intermediate between that of the mineralmore » and the pure polymer. Since temperate soils often contain aluminum-hydroxy and aluminosilicate coated minerals rather than discrete Al hydroxide minerals and pristine clay surfaces, the adsorption mechanisms observed on these coated surfaces are more realistic of the natural environment than sorption on pure minerals. « less
Prostate Expression Databases: Gene Expression Resources for Comparative Studies of Prostate Carcinogenesis

Abstract : This proposal aims to test the hypothesis that integrating observations derived from mouse model systems with observations from human prostate cancers will define relevant and consistent molecular alterations critical to the development and progression of prostate carcinoma. The research accomplished to date has: 1) assembled the requisite mouse models to enable the generation of tumor gene expression data; 2) produced a second-generation mouse prostate microarray that will allow for deeper profiling of mouse prostate gene expression; 3) identified a specific gene (osteopontin) commonly associated with multiple mouse prostate cancer models; 4) developed the methods/techniques that will enable precise dissection of mouse prostate epithelium; 5) expanded the Prostate Expression Database to archive microarray data; 6) determined strain-specific gene expression differences in the mouse prostate that could contribute to phenotypic differences on prostate cancer development and progression; and 7) identified developmental pathways altered in the Pten-/- prostate cancer model that could contribute to the process of carcinogenesis.
JOAN ESTEBAN and JÓZSEF SÁKOVICS OLSON VS. COASE: COALITIONAL WORTH IN CONFLICT

We analyze a model of conflict with endogenous choice of effort, where subsets of the contenders may force the resolution to be sequential: First the alliance fights it out with the rest and – in case they win – later they fight it out among themselves. For three-player games, we find that it will not be in the interest of any two of them to form an alliance. We obtain this result under two different scenarios: equidistant preferences with varying relative strengths, and varying vicinity of preferences with equal distribution of power. We conclude that the commonly made assumption of super-additive coalitional worth is suspect.