Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Providing personalized system optimum traveler information in a congested traffic network with mixed users

ABSTRACT The advancement of information and communication technology allows the use of more sophisticated information provision strategies for real-time traffic management in a congested network. This article proposes a personalized system optimum traveler information (PSOI) system under ubiquitous communication, which allows traffic system operators to fully optimize and coordinate individuals' trip plans according to the personal attributes, such as real-time location, value of time, allowable budgets for congestion tolling, and willingness to take detours. We also developed an efficient queue-based evaluation and solution heuristic algorithm using mesoscopic simulation models to solve for near-optimal PSOI strategies—route suggestions for each individual traveler. The simulation optimization algorithm can account for different information users and provide predictive information that robustly accounts for potential decisions of other travelers in real time. Case studies were carried out on a test network and a real-world network, and the proposed heuristic algorithm is proven effective. Also, sensitivity analyses show that PSOI not only is an effective traffic management method in reducing average system travel time, but also potentially provides travelers with reasonable or even shorter travel times compared with other information users. Further, simulation results showed that even in mixed traffic, PSOI is able to shorten travel times for both users without information and users of other information types. Thus, PSOI is recommended by this article as an advantageous way for next-generation advanced information systems and dynamic traffic management.
How Entrepreneurs Use Symbolic Management to Acquire Resources

Results of a two-year inductive field study of British ventures show that entrepreneurs are more likely to acquire resources for new ventures if they perform symbolic actions—actions in which the actor displays or tries to draw other people's attention to the meaning of an object or action that goes beyond the object's or action's intrinsic content or functional use. We identify four symbolic action categories that facilitate resource acquisition: conveying the entrepreneur's personal credibility, professional organizing, organizational achievement, and the quality of stakeholder relationships. Our data show that entrepreneurs who perform a variety of symbolic actions from these categories skillfully and frequently obtain more resources than those who do not. Our data also suggest three factors—structural similarity, intrinsic quality, and uncertainty—that moderate the relationship between symbolic management and resource acquisition. We theorize how the various symbolic action categories shape different forms of legitimacy that help entrepreneurs acquire resources.
Acute Toxicity of Mistletoe Tea ( Scurrula atropurpurea BL . Dans ) Ethanol Extract

Mistletoe tea or tea epiphyte is a parasitic plant that lives on tea (Thea sinensis L). From generation to generation, tea epiphyte have been used to cure illness such as cough, cancer, diuretics, pain relievers, and can be used to help childbirth. It is necessary to test the security of tea epiphyte through acute toxicity test in order to obtain an overview of therapeutic index. Aim of this studty : to determine acute toxicity of ethanol extract of the mistletoe tea expressed in LD50 values. Simplicia extracted using Soxhlet equipment with 96% ethanol. Fractionation was conducted using liquid-liquid extraction using a solvent of water, ethyl acetate and n-hexane. The ethanol extrtact and fractions were subject to phytochemical screening. Acute toxicity of the tea epiphyte expressed in LD50 values which was calculated by using log probit method. Animal that was used on this experiment was Swiss webster strained mice. The mice were divided into two major groups, including the control group (PGA 2%) and a test group that would be given extract suspensions with dose variations orally. The results of toxicity tests showed that LD50 value of the ethanol extract of tea parasite in the male is 6,88 g /kg while the female mice of 5,74 g /kg in mice. The results of pharmacological screening showed that administration of the test preparation may influence the effect on body weight of mice male and female, motor effects on male mice, the effects of catalepsy in male mice, the effects of flexion in male mice, and the Hafner effects on male mice. The mistletoe tea, scurrula atropurpure ethanol extract based on the criteria of toxicity in the category of non-toxic ie> 15g / kg rats.
Classification of Political Affiliations by Reduced Number of Features

: By the evolvement in technology, the way of expressing opinions switched the direction to the digital world. The domain of politics as one of the hottest topics of opinion mining research merged together with the behavior analysis for affiliation determination in text which constitutes the subject of this paper. This study aims to classify the text in news/blogs either as Republican or Democrat with the minimum number of features. As an initial set, 68 features which 64 are constituted by Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) features are tested against 14 benchmark classification algorithms. In the later experiments, the dimensions of the feature vector reduced based on the 7 feature selection algorithms. The results show that Decision Tree, Rule Induction and M5 Rule classifiers when used with SVM and IGR feature selection algorithms performed the best up to 82.5% accuracy on a given dataset. Further tests on a single feature and the linguistic based feature sets showed the similar results. The feature “function” as an aggregate feature of the linguistic category, is obtained as the most differentiating feature among the 68 features with 81% accuracy by itself in classifying articles either as Republican or Democrat.
A comparison of two measures of quality of life: their sensitivity and validity for patients with advanced cancer

We compared two measures that have been used by professionals to assess the quality of life and care of patients wtih advanced cancer. The Support Team Assessment Schedule (STAS) is an instrument for palliative cancer support teams to record and evaluate their care; the Hebrew Rehabilitation Centre for the Aged Quality of Life (HRCA-QL) index was used in the National Hospice Study (USA) to assess patients with advanced cancer. STAS has 17 items, each scaled 0 (best) to 4 (worst), and HRCA-QL has five items scaled 0 (worst) to 2 (best). The STAS and the HRCA-QL were assessed contemporaneously by the members of one support team on 128 consecutive patients referred over 17 months. Seventy-four patients spent more than four weeks in care. Ratings for four out of five HRCA-QL items deteriorated significantly in the four to six weeks before death. HRCA-QL index items correlated with similar STAS items. Correlations were highest at referral, especially in patients seen more than four weeks before death (e.g. symptom control (STAS) with health (HRCA-QL) Spearman's p = -0.64) and the HRCA-QL total was correlated with STAS subtotal of six items (p = -0.45). There were few correlations at death. The findings support the validity of both measures for the aspects compared, but indicated that STAS was more sensitive to changes in patients in the last six weeks of life.
Labelling Facial Affect in Context in Adults with and without TBI

Recognition of facial affect has been studied extensively in adults with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI), mostly by asking examinees to match basic emotion words to isolated faces. This method may not capture affect labelling in everyday life when faces are in context and choices are open-ended. To examine effects of context and response format, we asked 148 undergraduate students to label emotions shown on faces either in isolation or in natural visual scenes. Responses were categorised as representing basic emotions, social emotions, cognitive state terms, or appraisals. We used students’ responses to create a scoring system that was applied prospectively to five men with TBI. In both groups, over 50% of responses were neither basic emotion words nor synonyms, and there was no significant difference in response types between faces alone vs. in scenes. Adults with TBI used labels not seen in students’ responses, talked more overall, and often gave multiple labels for one photo. Results suggest benefits of moving beyond forced-choice tests of faces in isolation to fully characterise affect recognition in adults with and without TBI.
E-CDGM: An Evolutionary Call-Dependency Graph Modularization Approach for Software Systems

Abstract Lack of up-to-date software documentation hinders the software evolution and maintenance processes, as simply the outdated software structure and code could be easily misunderstood. One approach to overcoming such problems is using software modularization, in which the software architecture is extracted from the available source code; such that developers can assess the reconstructed architecture against the required changes. Unfortunately, existing software modularization approaches are not accurate, as they ignore polymorphic calls among system modules. Furthermore, they are tightly coupled to the used programming language. To overcome such problems, this paper proposes the E-CDGM approach. E-CDGM decouples the extracted call dependency graph from the programming language by using the proposed intermediate code language (known as mCode). It also takes into consideration the polymorphic calls during the call dependency graph generation. It uses a new evolutionary optimization approach to find the best modularization option; adopting reward and penalty functions. Finally, it uses statistical analysis to build a final consolidated modularization model using different generated modularization solutions. Experimental results show that the proposed E-CDGM approach provides more accurate results when compared against existing well-known modularization approaches.
Comparison of human papillomavirus distribution in cytologic subgroups of low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion

Low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) subsumes the formerly delineated cytologic categories of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated cell changes (koilocytotic atypia) and low‐grade dysplasia/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Grade 1 (CIN1). In this study, the objective was to determine whether these 2 morphologic subcategories are characterized by differences in risk for CIN3 and/or HPV type distribution.
"Vertical distribution profile of Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in flight above host, resistant host and non-host fields"

We evaluated the vertical stratification of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) (CPB) populations in flight above fields of conventional potato, an insect resistant potato field expressing genes for Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis (Btt) toxins and a non-host clover field. Flight interception traps at 0 - 1.2, 1.2 - 2.4 and 2.4 - 3.6 m above ground were used to determine the vertical profiles of the aerial population over each crop for a growing season. The distribution of overwintered and summer CPB catches above conventional potatoes was similar with a significant effect of trap height on catch. The same vertical distribution profile was observed for overwintered CPB and a similar trend for summer CPB above the insect resistant field. Few overwintered beetles were captured over the clover field but enough summer CPBs were caught to detect a trend similar to that on resistant potatoes. Additional data show that more than 70% of CPBs fly less than 4 m in distance at a height of less than 2 m. These data suggest that the vertical flight profiles observed result from local dispersal of resident populations, or low level flights of summer beetles, but not from high level flights of dispersing overwintered adults.
Comparison of Optical and Electrical Techniques for Dimensional Metrology on Alternating Aperture Phase-Shifting Masks

This paper presents a comparison of optical and electrical techniques for critical dimension (CD) metrology on binary and alternating aperture phase-shifting masks. Measurements obtained from on-mask electrical CD structures are compared with optical measurements made using a deep ultraviolet mask metrology system. The results show that the presence of alternating phase-shifting trenches between the chrome blocking features has a detrimental effect on the optical measurements and that this effect strongly depends on the depth of the trenches. In addition, the optical metrology system appears to have problems with the measurement of the narrowest isolated features due to calibration related issues. Electrical CD measurements are seen as a way of probing the limits of optical tool calibration and for highlighting and managing the need to extend the complexity of the calibration schedule.
Introduction of new varieties of goods in the Chinese manufacturing sector

This paper studies the introduction of new varieties of goods in the Chinese manufacturing sector during the period 1998-2000. I first develop a monopolistic competition model with multiproduct firms in which firms are heterogeneous in two dimensions: the fixed cost of introducing varieties into the market and the variable cost of production. Using firm-level data for the Chinese manufacturing sector, I compare the performance of foreign and domestic firms in innovation, measured by the number of new varieties that they introduce, and, as described in the model, I estimate whether the number of new varieties can be explained by differences in the cost of innovation and variable productivity. Once observable firm characteristics are accounted for, I find that firms with more than 50 percent of foreign ownership introduce on average twice as many more new goods as private domestic firms; fully foreign-owned firms (100 percent of foreign ownership) introduce three times more new varieties than private domestic firms. Foreign firms in selected industries have advantages in productivity and in the cost of introducing new varieties. Advantages in productivity account for approximately 40 percent of the difference in the number of varieties, while advantages in the cost of innovation account for 13 to 25 percent of the same difference. †I would like to thank G. Grossman, B. Honoré, E. Tamer and participants of the May 2004 Industrial Development Conference for helpful comments, and P. Keefer for access to the data. This paper has also benefited from early discussion with J. Altonji, S. Berry, P. Goldberg, R. Pande and G. Porto. email: irene.brambilla@yale.edu
Icelandic nurses' beliefs, skills, and resources associated with evidence-based practice and related factors: a national survey.

BACKGROUND Evidence-based practice (EBP) is essential to the improvement of patient outcomes and the quality of care. Nurses' use of evidence in practice, however, remains limited. Assessing nurses' readiness for EBP where it is not as prominent as in countries leading EBP research was of particular interest. PURPOSE To determine Icelandic registered nurses' (RNs') ability to provide care based on evidence as measured by their beliefs, perception of skills, and access to resources associated with EBP. METHODS A descriptive survey was used in which a random sample of 540 Icelandic RNs completed the translated and modified version of the Information Literacy for Evidence-Based Nursing Practice and the translated EBP Beliefs Scale. Descriptive statistics, correlations, chi-square tests, t tests and one-way ANOVAs were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Participants strongly believed in the value of EBP for patient care, but were less confident regarding their own knowledge and skills needed for EBP. Most (82%) of the respondents (i.e., RNs) turned to peers when in need of information, rather than peer-reviewed resources. Although over half of the RNs (54%) had received instructions in the use of electronic databases, only a third indicated success in using them. They considered "lack of search skills" as the primary barrier to use of research in practice. Using research findings in practice was associated with positive EBP beliefs, familiarity with EBP and other EBP-related activities. Clinical RNs were found to be at a disadvantage when it came to access to EBP-related resources and participated less frequently in EBP-related activities other than using research in practice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Icelandic RNs' beliefs regarding EBP are similar to those of RNs in other countries. Their access to EBP resources is generally good, but they lack the skills and knowledge needed for EBP. Strategies aimed at changing the organizational and practice context need to be developed.
Effects on asthma and induction of interleukin-8 caused by Asian dust particles collected in western Japan

Abstract Objective: Asian dust storms (ADS) contain various airborne particles that may augment airway inflammation by increasing the level of interleukin-8. The objective of the study was to investigate the association of exposure to an ADS with worsening of symptoms of adult asthma and the effect of ADS particles on interleukin-8 transcriptional activity. Methods: The subjects were 112 patients with mild to moderate asthma who recorded scores for their daily upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms and measured morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) from March to May 2011. Interleukin-8 transcriptional activity was assessed in THP-G8 cells that were exposed to airborne particles collected during days of ADS exposure. Results: Of the 112 patients, 31 had comorbid allergic rhinitis (AR) and/or chronic sinusitis (CS), and had worsened scores for upper respiratory tract symptoms on ADS days compared to non-ADS days. Scores for lower respiratory tract symptoms during ADS days were higher than non-ADS days in all patients. Three patients also had unscheduled hospital visits for exacerbation of asthma on ADS days. However, there was no significant difference in daily morning PEF between ADS and non-ADS days. Airborne particles collected on ADS days induced interleukin-8 transcriptional activity in THP-G8 cells compared to the original soil of the ADS. Conclusion: Exposure to an ADS aggravates upper and lower tract respiratory symptoms in patients with adult asthma. ADS airborne particles may increase airway inflammation through enhancement of interleukin-8 transcriptional activity.
A Method of Smooth Bivariate Interpolation for Data Given on a Generalized Curvilinear Grid

A method of locally bicubic interpolation is presented for data given at the nodes of a two-dimensional generalized curvilinear grid. The physical domain is transformed to a computational domain in which the grid is uniform and rectangular by a generalized curvilinear coordinate transformation. The metrics of the transformation are obtained by finite differences in the computational domain. Metric derivatives are determined by repeated application of the chain rule for partial differentiation. Given the metrics and the metric derivatives, the partial derivatives required to determine a locally bicubic interpolant can be estimated at each data point using finite differences in the computational domain. A bilinear transformation is used to analytically transform the individual quadrilateral cells in the physical domain into unit squares, thus allowing the use of simple formulas for bicubic interpolation.
Education, income, and occupational class cannot be used interchangeably in social epidemiology. Empirical evidence against a common practice

Study objective: Education, income, and occupational class are often used interchangeably in studies showing social inequalities in health. This procedure implies that all three characteristics measure the same underlying phenomena. This paper questions this practice. The study looked for any independent effects of education, income, and occupational class on four health outcomes: diabetes prevalence, myocardial infarction incidence and mortality, and finally all cause mortality in populations from Sweden and Germany. Design: Sweden: follow up of myocardial infarction mortality and all cause mortality in the entire population, based on census linkage to the Cause of Death Registry. Germany: follow up of myocardial infarction morbidity and all cause mortality in statutory health insurance data, plus analysis of prevalence data on diabetes. Multiple regression analyses were performed to calculate the effects of education, income, and occupational class before and after mutual adjustments. Setting and participants: Sweden (all residents aged 25–64) and Germany (Mettman district, Nordrhein-Westfalen, all insured persons aged 25–64). Main results: Correlations between education, income, and occupational class were low to moderate. Which of these yielded the strongest effects on health depended on type of health outcome in question. For diabetes, education was the strongest predictor and for all cause mortality it was income. Myocardial infarction morbidity and mortality showed a more mixed picture. In mutually adjusted analyses each social dimension had an independent effect on each health outcome in both countries. Conclusions: Education, income, and occupational class cannot be used interchangeably as indicators of a hypothetical latent social dimension. Although correlated, they measure different phenomena and tap into different causal mechanisms.
The Src Kinase p56 lck Up-regulates VLA-4 Integrin Affinity

In circulating lymphocytes, the VLA-4 integrin preexists in multiple affinity states that mediate spontaneous tethering, rolling, and arrest on its endothelial ligand, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). The regulation and function of VLA-4 affinity in lymphocytes has never been elucidated. We show here that p56 lck , the major Src kinase in T cells, is a key regulator of high affinity VLA-4. This high affinity is essential for the rapid development of firm adhesion of resting T cells to VCAM-1 and to their extracellular matrix ligand, fibronectin. Lck-regulated VLA-4 function does not require intact TCR nor several key components of the TCR signaling pathway, including ZAP-70 and SLP-76. Furthermore, stimulation of p56 lck by the phosphatase inhibitor, pervanadate, triggers firm VLA-4-dependent adhesion to VCAM-1. Although Lck is not required for chemokine receptor signaling to mitogen-activated protein kinase, the presence of Lck-regulated high affinity VLA-4 also facilitates firm adhesion triggered by the chemokine, SDF-1, at short-lived contacts. Surprisingly, bond formation rates, ability to tether cells to VLA-4 ligand, and VLA-4 tether bond stability under shear flow are not affected by VLA-4 affinity or Lck activity. Thus, the ability of high affinity VLA-4 to arrest cells on VCAM-1 under flow arises from instantaneous post-ligand strengthening rather than from increased kinetic stability of individual VLA-4 bonds. These results suggest that p56 lck maintains high affinity VLA-4 on circulating lymphocytes, which determines their ability to strengthen VLA-4 adhesion and rapidly respond to proadhesive chemokine signals at endothelial sites.
Electroanatomic Properties of the Pulmonary Veins: Slowed Conduction, Low Voltage and Altered Refractoriness in AF Patients

Electroanatomic Properties of the Pulmonary Veins. Introduction: Rapid PV activity is critical in initiating and maintaining AF. The underlying substrate responsible for this remains uncertain. We sought to identify if patients with paroxysmal (PAF) and persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF) have an abnormal substrate within the pulmonary veins (PVs).