Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A CONSISTENT DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR REGRESSION MODELS USING PROJECTIONS

This paper proposes a consistent test for the goodness-of-fit of parametric regression models that overcomes two important problems of the existing tests, namely, the poor empirical power and size performance of the tests due to the curse of dimensionality and the subjective choice of parameters such as bandwidths, kernels, and integrating measures. We overcome these problems by using a residual marked empirical process based on projections (RMPP). We study the asymptotic null distribution of the test statistic, and we show that our test is able to detect local alternatives converging to the null at the parametric rate. It turns out that the asymptotic null distribution of the test statistic depends on the data generating process, and so a bootstrap procedure is considered. Our bootstrap test is robust to higher order dependence, in particular to conditional heteroskedasticity. For completeness, we propose a new minimum distance estimator constructed through the same RMPP as in the testing procedure. Therefore, the new estimator inherits all the good properties of the new test. We establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of the new minimum distance estimator. Finally, we present some Monte Carlo evidence that our testing procedure can play a valuable role in econometric regression modeling.The author thanks Carlos Velasco and Miguel A. Delgado for useful comments. The paper has also benefited from the comments of two referees and the co-editor. This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science reference number SEJ2004-04583/ECON and by the Universidad de Navarra reference number 16037001.
A fault prediction method for closed-loop SEPIC converters under variable operating conditions

Due to the critical applications of single-ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) in various fields, it is necessary for the SEPIC converters to predict their performance trends. Closed-loop control instead of open-loop control have been adopted in SEPIC converters, and the fault prognostic methods used for open-loop converters sometimes are no longer suitable for closed-loop converters. Besides, the system-level fault feature parameters (FFP) is often influenced not only by the fault modes, but also by the variation of working conditions. To address these problems, an innovative system-level FFP represents the degradation status of the entire converter under variable operating conditions is extracted, and a prognostic method based on the degradation trend of the FFP is proposed. Firstly, the deterioration laws of some system-level parameters with the change of critical components under different operating conditions are studied. Then, a system-level performance parameter of closed-loop SEPIC converters which is sensitive to the degradation of all critical components and has regular trend is chosen, and the degradation performance parameter under rated operating condition is obtained as FFP by multivariate least-squares regression. Finally, the trend prediction of the FFP is performed based on Extreme learning machine (ELM) to realize the prognosis of closed-loop SEPIC converters. The experimental results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Market Information and Bidder Heterogeneity in Secondary Market Online B2B Auctions

Online auction environments provide several sources of information that can be used by bidders to form their bids. The impact of this information on bidding is likely to be higher when ambiguously specifi ed products are auctioned. The secondary market represents one such environment, where used and returned items from big-box retailers are auctioned off to other business buyers. Using a proprietary dataset of secondary market auctions hosted on an online B2B platform, we study how market pricing information from other auctions for comparable products a ffects the bidding behavior of the first bidder. First bidders are shown to be influenced by two sets of pricing information: prices from their own historical bidding behavior and concurrent prices, formed from other open and just-finished auctions relative to the focal auction. We also study how the impact of these market pricing information are moderated by bidder heterogeneity, captured by bidder experience and cross bidding activity on the platform across comparable concurrent auctions. Finally, we show the fi rst bid is signi cantly associated with the auction's nal price, contingent on the type of first bidder. Auctions are increasingly being used for the sale of ill-defi ned and idiosyncratic products; our work thus provides managerial implications for how auctioneers may design and manage the flow of relevant information to di erent classes of bidders on their sites in order to enhance their yields.
A significant proportion of myofibroblasts are of bone marrow origin in human liver fibrosis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Myofibroblasts of bone marrow origin have recently been found in a number of parenchymal organs such as the gut and kidney. We have analyzed the origin of myofibroblasts within fibrotic liver in 2 scenarios: (1) 7 male patients (hepatitis B; hepatitis B and D; Wilson's disease; hepatitis B, D, and C; and 3 with hepatitis C) who received liver transplants from female donors and subsequently developed liver fibrosis and (2) a female patient who received a bone marrow transplant from a male donor and subsequently developed hepatitis C-induced cirrhosis. METHODS Through the use of in situ hybridization for the Y chromosome, we have tracked male cells of extrahepatic origin. The phenotype of these male cells was examined by immunohistochemistry using a panel of antibodies against alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha SMA), vimentin, fibulin-2, and leukocyte common antigen (CD45). Confocal microscopy was performed to confirm the location of the Y chromosome probe within the myofibroblast nuclei. RESULTS Significant numbers of Y chromosome-positive cells in fibrotic areas were found to be positive for alpha-SMA, vimentin, and fibulin-2 and negative for CD45, thus having a myofibroblast phenotype. In the liver transplant cases, 6.8%-22.2% of alpha-SMA-positive myofibroblasts contained the Y chromosome. In the female recipient of a bone marrow transplant from a male donor, 12.4% of the myofibroblasts were Y chromosome positive, indicating a bone marrow origin. CONCLUSIONS There is a significant contribution to liver cirrhosis in humans from extrahepatically derived myofibroblasts in liver disease of diverse etiology.
Biodistribution of polysorbate 80-coated doxorubicin-loaded [14C]-poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles after intravenous administration to glioblastoma-bearing rats

It was recently shown that doxorubicin (DOX) bound to polysorbate-coated nanoparticles (NP) crossed the intact blood–brain barrier (BBB), and thus reached therapeutic concentrations in the brain. Here, we investigated the biodistribution in the brain and in the body of poly(butyl-2-cyano[3-14C]acrylate) NP ([14C]-PBCA NP), polysorbate 80 (PS 80)-coated [14C]-PBCA NP, DOX-loaded [14C]-PBCA NP in glioblastoma 101/8-bearing rats after i.v. injection. The biodistribution profiles and brain concentrations of radiolabeled NP were determined by radioactivity counting after i.v. administration in rats. Changes in BBB permeability after tumour inoculation were assessed by i.v. injection of Evans Blue solution. The accumulation of NP in the tumour site and in the contralateral hemisphere in glioblastoma bearing-rats probably was augmented by the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR effect) that may have been becoming instrumental due to the impaired BBB on the NP delivery into the brain. The uptake of the NP by the organs of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) was reduced after PS 80-coating, but the addition of DOX increased again the concentration of NP in the RES.
Simplified preparation of unidirectional deletion clones.

The unidirectional digestion of DNA, first cut with two different restriction enzymes generating one 3'-protrusion and than with exonuclease III and Sl-nuclease allows a very defined removal of DNA for sequencing (1,2) or mapping of biological functions. The DNA is cloned into the polylinker of e.g. pUC18 or mpl8 (2), double digested with SstI/SmaI or PstI/XbaI, phenol extracted, ethanol precipitated and taken up in 10 mM Tris-HC1, 0.1 mM EDTA pH 8.0 at 0.2 mg/ml. For avoiding further phenol and ethanol steps (1) the following protocol is very helpful: 12.5 41 linearized DNA, 5 41 5x-Exo-buffer (75 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 3.3 mM MgCi2) and water to final 25 4 are mixed and incubated for 2 min at the desired temperature (200 base pairs/min: 370C, 30/min: 22°C), than 135 units exonucleaseIII/pmole susceptible 3' ends are added at time zero (about 190 units for 2.5 4g pUC18). Every minute a 3 41 aliquot is mixed quickly with 3 4 water, which is heated to 1000C, and incubated for 5-7 minutes at 700C to stop and inactivate exonuclease III. On ice 15 l Si-buffer (16 mM Na-acetate pH 4.6, 400 mM NaCl, 1.6 mM ZnSO4, 8% glycerol) and 4 l Sl-nuclease (4.5 U/4) are added and incubated at room temperature for 10-20 min to digest single stranded DNA and stopped by a pH-shift upon adding 5 41 of 800 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 20 mM ETDA pH 8.0, 80 mM MgCl2. (8 41 are run on a 1% agarose gel to check the extend of deletion). The remaining 22 41 are incubated for 2 min at 37°C with 2 41 of Klenowfragment; 2 4 of a mixture of the four dXTP's (each at 0.25 mM) are added for 10 min at 370C to create blunt ends. 13 41 ligation-buffer (80 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 30mM DTT, 20 mM MgC12, 3mM spermidine), 2 41 of 10 mM ATP and 4 41 T4-DNA ligase are added and the ligation run for 6 hrs at 25°C or overnight at 18°C. Calcium treated competent JM83 cells are transformed with 10 41 of the ligation mix and spread on LB-plates with ampillicin (100 4g/ml). About thousand colonies (1-2% of that for ccc-DNA) are obtained. 1. Henikoff, S. (1984) Gene 28,351-359. 2. Yanisch-Perron,C. , Vieira,J. and Messing,J. (1985) Gene 33,103-119.
A thin film flexible antenna with CMOS rectifier chip for RF-powered implantable neural interfaces

This paper reports a parylene film antenna integrating a CMOS rectifier chip for wireless neural recording devices. An implanted antenna requires the flexibility to fit the shape of brain surface. In addition, an integrating technology with solid-state and flexible substrate is needed because a silicon chip can provide high-performance and multi-functionality. The fabricated device that packages antenna, transformer, and rectifier generates more than 1.5V and achieves a power transmission efficiency of 0.086 %.
Crystal structure of 1-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole dihydrate

The title compound, C12H11N5·2H2O, which crystallizes as a dihydrate, was obtained by CuI-catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition from 2-azido-1-methylimidazole and phenylethyne. The dihedral angles between the central triazole ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.004 Å) and the pendant imidazole (r.m.s. deviation = 0.006 Å) and phenyl rings are 12.3 (2) and 2.54 (19)°, respectively. In the crystal, the water molecules are connected into [010] chains by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, while O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds connect the water molecules to the organic molecules, generating corrugated (100) sheets.
Analysis of family resemblance. 3. Complex segregation of quantitative traits.

In previous papers of this series, we have introduced problems of family resemblance, which include segregation and path analysis, group differences expressed in families of hybrid ancestry, linkage, mutation screening, parentage exclusion, and recurrence risks [1, 2]. Combination of Wright's path analysis [3] with Fisher's normalizing z transformation [4] was stressed as a means to discriminate among genetic factors, common and random environment, and their second-order effects (gene-environment correlation and assortative mating), both within and among intercrossing racial groups. Path analysis provides optimal discrimination between common environment and genetic factors, while segregation analysis is better for distinguishing major loci. Here we shall consider complex segregation analysis of quantitative traits under a model which includes polygenes, a major locus, and both random and common environment. Most applications of segregation analysis have involved a dichotomy (normal versus affected), which not only has low power to discriminate complex hypotheses but is also out of touch with the needs of genetic counseling [5]. An individual apprehensive of diabetes should submit to a glucose-tolerance test because it has greater predictive power than the occurrence of diabetes among his relatives. Moreover, where familial data are useful, quantitative traits of relatives are often more informative than their affection status. Clearly quantitative as well as qualitative information should be used for both analysis and counseling. When full quantification is not feasible, a trichotomy (normal, intermediate, affected) provides more information than two states. In addition to a major locus, polygenic variation, and environmental effects, our model incorporates a hypothesis about the relation of the quantitative trait to affection. Elston and Stewart [6] discussed mixed models as a generalization of polygenic and major-locus cases and concluded that "extension to the more general genetic models presents no theoretical problems, but may depend on practical advances in computer technology. " We have found that the mixed model is within current capabilities. Although not including such complications as multiple alleles and two or more major loci, this model has the advantage of a manageably small
Estimated GFR. Comparison of five algorithms:implications for drug dosing

Aims ‘Clearance’ is an accepted surrogate for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that describes the relation between the serum/plasma concentration of a substance, for example, creatinine, and its urinary excretion rate. On a population level the GFR can be estimated from the creatinine concentration by regression analysis. Such estimates inevitably increase the uncertainty compared with the measured quantity, for example, creatinine. Reliable estimates of GFR (eGFR) are crucial for proper administration of drugs with small therapeutic ‘windows’ and require a transformation of ‘normalised’ GFR to ‘individual’ GFR using the individual's anthropometric data. By simulation we compare some common algorithms and discuss their feasibility for drug dosing. Methods We compared four algorithms for normalised eGFR and one for individual eGFR in a Caucasian man defined by age and simulated the outcome of different S-Creatinine concentrations. Normalised and individual eGFR were interconverted using published anthropometric data of a national average man. Results Differences between results by the algorithms for eGFR were less than the uncertainty within the diagnostically important interval. Three of the four algorithms were non-continuous at extreme S-Creatinine concentrations. Normalised eGFR values, converted to individual eGFR resulted in an underestimation of 5–40% compared with that by Cockcroft-Gault. Conclusions The use of algorithms will increase the uncertainty of results. The difference between different algorithms is small. A global staging recommendation is in jeopardy due to the large interindividual biological variation. Dosage of critical drugs, based on conversion of normalised eGFR, may lead to an underdosage compared with the dosage estimated by Cockroft-Gault.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Schizophrenia: An Empirical Review Neil A. Rector, PhD and Aaron T. Beck, MD (2001). Reprinted from the J Nerv Ment Dis 189:278–287

Early case studies and noncontrolled trial studies focusing on the treatment of delusions and hallucinations have laid the foundation for more recent developments in comprehensive cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions for schizophrenia. Seven randomized, controlled trial studies testing the efficacy of CBT for schizophrenia were identified by electronic search (MEDLINE and PsychInfo) and by personal correspondence. After a review of these studies, effect size (ES) estimates were computed to determine the statistical magnitude of clinical change in CBT and control treatment conditions. CBT has been shown to produce large clinical effects on measures of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Patients receiving routine care and adjunctive CBT have experienced additional benefits above and beyond the gains achieved with routine care and adjunctive supportive therapy. These results reveal promise for the role of CBT in the treatment of schizophrenia although additional research is required to test its efficacy, long-term durability, and impact on relapse rates and quality of life. Clinical refinements are needed also to help those who show only minimal benefit with the intervention.
Effect of a Vi-degrading enzyme on potency of typhoid vaccines in mice.

The influence of Vi antigen in typhoid vaccines on mouse-protective activity was studied by treatment of these vaccines with a Vi-degrading enzyme isolated from Bacillus sphaericus. The protective activity of citrobacter vaccine (strain 5396/38) against Salmonella typhosa (strain Ty 2) challenge in mice was due solely to the Vi antigen in the vaccine, whereas the protective activity of the typhoid vaccines 6A and L was due to a combination of the Vi and other factor(s) not present in the citrobacter vaccine. The immunity conferred by these non-Vi factor(s) was specific for the typhoid bacillus and passively transferable by immune serum. Typhoid vaccines 6A and L differed with respect to the amount or the quality of their Vi antigen. The effect of the Vi-degrading enzyme on the potencies of these vaccines varied with the route of immunization. The Vi antigen seemed to be a
Assessment of Three Long-Term Gridded Climate Products for Hydro-Climatic Simulations in Tropical River Basins

Gridded climate products (GCPs) provide a potential source for representing weather in remote, poor quality or short-term observation regions. The accuracy of three long-term GCPs (Asian Precipitation—Highly-Resolved Observational Data Integration towards Evaluation of Water Resources: APHRODITE, Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Network-Climate Data Record: PERSIANN-CDR and National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis: NCEP-CFSR) was analyzed for the Kelantan River Basin (KRB) and Johor River Basin (JRB) in Malaysia from 1983 to 2007. Then, these GCPs were used as inputs into calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) models, to assess their capability in simulating streamflow. The results show that the APHRODITE data performed the best in precipitation estimation, followed by the PERSIANN-CDR and NCEP-CFSR datasets. The NCEP-CFSR daily maximum temperature data exhibited a better correlation than the minimum temperature data. For streamflow simulations, the APHRODITE data resulted in strong results for both basins, while the NCEP-CFSR data showed unsatisfactory performance. In contrast, the PERSIANN-CDR data showed acceptable representation of observed streamflow in the KRB, but failed to track the JRB observed streamflow. The combination of the APHRODITE precipitation and NCEP-CFSR temperature data resulted in accurate streamflow simulations. The APHRODITE and PERSIANN-CDR data often underestimated the extreme precipitation and streamflow, while the NCEP-CFSR data produced dramatic overestimations. Therefore, a direct application of NCEP-CFSR data should be avoided in this region. We recommend the use of APHRODITE precipitation and NCEP-CFSR temperature data in modeling of Malaysian water resources.
A Different Statistical Approach Aiming at EEG Parameter Investigation for Brain Machine Interface Use

A lot of effort has been made to investigate EEG features that could better represent signal characteristics. The results are usually based on the best mean recognition rates and statistical analysis is done only when different methods are compared. In this work, we propose a new approach that applies multiple rate intercomparisons based on large samples aiming at detecting differences among treatments in order to recognize their importance for the classification rates. Ten frequency band compositions expressed by power spectral density averages were extracted from 8 EEG channels during 4 motor imageries, and spatial feature selections were also considered during the recognition process. Classification rate in large samples can be represented by a normal distribution and, for multiple rate inter-comparisons, the level of significance was corrected based on the Bonferroni Method. The variables were considered to be independents and the test was performed as non paired samples in a very conservative approach. The results showed that there are significant differences among cases of spatial feature selection and thus the considered electrodes are important parameters. On the other hand, considering or not the Delta and Theta bands along with different arrangements for Gamma band resulted in no significant difference.
The yeast KRE9 gene encodes an O glycoprotein involved in cell surface beta-glucan assembly

The yeast KRE9 gene encodes a 30-kDa secretory pathway protein involved in the synthesis of cell wall (1-->6)-beta-glucan. Disruption of KRE9 leads to serious growth impairment and an altered cell wall containing less than 20% of the wild-type amount of (1-->6)-beta-glucan. Analysis of the glucan material remaining in a kre9 delta null mutant indicated a polymer with a reduced average molecular mass. kre9 delta null mutants also displayed several additional cell-wall-related phenotypes, including an aberrant multiply budded morphology, a mating defect, and a failure to form projections in the presence of alpha-factor. Double mutants were generated by crossing kre9 delta strains with strains harboring a null mutation in the KRE1, KRE6, or KRE11 gene, and each of these double mutants was found to be inviable in the SEY6210 background. Similar crosses with null mutations in the KRE5 and SKN1 genes indicated that these double mutants were no more severely affected than kre5 delta or kre9 delta single mutants alone. Antibodies were generated against Kre9p and detected an O glycoprotein of approximately 55 to 60 kDa found in the extracellular medium of a strain overproducing Kre9p.
Renormings of $c_0$ and the minimal displacement problem

The aim of this paper is to show that for every Banach space \((X, \|\cdot\|)\) containing asymptotically isometric copy of the space \(c_0\) there is a bounded, closed and convex set \(C \subset X\) with the Chebyshev radius \(r(C) = 1\) such that for every \(k \geq 1 \) there exists a \(k\)-contractive mapping \(T : C \to C\) with \(\| x - Tx \| > 1 − 1/k\) for any \(x \in C\).