Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A pilot operational flood warning system in Andalusia 1 ( Spain ) : Presentation and first results 2 3

12 This paper deals with the presentation of a flood warning system (FWS) developed for the 13 specific characteristics of the Guadalhorce basin (SE of Spain). This is a poorly gauged 14 basin and often affected by flash and plain floods. The system is oriented to provide 15 distributed warnings based on rainfall accumulations and discharge forecasts, and fulfils the 16 requirements of ungauged basins. 17 18 The system is adapted to the use of distributed rainfall maps (such as radar rainfall 19 estimates) and discharge forecasts are computed using a distributed rainfall-runoff model. 20 Due to the lack of flow measurements, the model parameters calibrated on a small 21 watershed have been transferred in most of the basin area. 22 23 This work studies the performance of the system on two recent rainfall events which caused 24 many inundations. First results show how the FWS performed well and was able to forecast 25 the location and timing of flooding. It demonstrates that a simple model and a rough 26 calibration could be enough to issue valuable warnings. Moreover, the European Flood 27 Alert System (EFAS) forecasts have been used to provide a flood forecast several days in 28 advance. With low resolution and long anticipation, EFAS appears as a good complement 29 tool to improve flood forecasting and compensate for the short lead times of the GFWS. 30 31
Chapter 3 Looking into Metal-Organic Frameworks with Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for characteriza‐ tion of materials. It can detect local structure around selected atomic nuclei and provide information on the dynamics of these nuclei. In case of metal-organic frameworks, NMR spectroscopy can help elucidate the framework structure, locate the molecules adsorbed into the pores, and inspect and characterize the interactions of these molecules with the frameworks. The present chapter discusses selected recent examples of solid-state NMR studies that provide valuable insight into the structure and function of metal-organic frameworks.
Dairy farmer households farm gate milk price heterogeneity in Kericho County, Kenya

This study aimed at identifying factors affecting farm gate milk price heterogeneity in dairy farmer households in Kericho County, Kenya. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used to collect data from 432 dairy farmer households. To estimate survey data, multivariate probit and selectivity biased mixed-effects linear regression models were used. Results showed that increased daily milk output sold and number of commercial milk buyers resulted in increased probability of farm gate milk price variability by 3.8 and 12%, respectively. However, number of milking cows and trust levels on commercial milk buyer by seller decreased farm gate milk price heterogeneity by 89 and 87%, respectively. While selling through commercial, milk buyers had significant positive effect on farm gate milk price, majority of dairy farmer households were hesitant to engage with them since milk buyers valued supply security which came from trusted relationships and contracts. Therefore, critical strategies to improve farm gate milk prices are needed. These include strengthening of dairy farmer groups and partnership development, bolstering milk cooperative societies and increased financial investments in livestock milk markets by national and county governments. Key words: Farm gate milk price, price heterogeneity, mixed-effects linear regression, dairy farmer households, Kericho County, Kenya.
Low genetic variability in a w Jely distributed and abundant clupeid species , Sardinella azirita . New empirical results

L. CHIKHI*? $§, F. BONHOMME* AND J.-F. AG&SE*? $ *Laboratoire Génome et Populations, CNRS UPR 9060, Université Montpellier II, Station Méditerranéenne de l'Environnement Littoral, I , Quai de la Daurade-34200 Sète, France; Jf Centre de Reclierche Océanologique d'Abidjan (CRO), Rue des Pêcheurs, BP: V I8 Abidjan, Côte D'Ivoire and $. Centre ORSTOM de Montpellier, Parc Agropolis, 34 O00 Montpellier, France 'i interpretations I * i
SPIN / DRIFT : A REAL-TIME SPATIALIZED GRANULAR SYNTHESIS ALGORITHM WITH PARTICLE SYSTEM PHYSICS & BEHAVIOURS

This paper introduces spin/drift, an algorithm that applies a novel particle-systems approach to granular synthesis. spin/drift extends conventional granular synthesis techniques by using the concepts of an ‘emitter’ that generates ‘particles’, both of which can be endowed with independent, automated spatial trajectories within virtual 2D space. Trajectories may be circular (‘spin’) or linear (‘drift’), or may combine aspects of both (e.g. spirals). Particles may be given absolute trajectories or trajectories relative to the angle of the emitter (e.g. to create ‘centrifugal’ forces). Particle trajectories may also be affected over their lifetime by environmental forces such as gravity and viscous drag. Spatialization is achieved with a combination of dynamic VBAP encoding, filtration and reverberation cues, and output to an equidistant octophonic speaker array, though this is easily extended to other speaker setups. The potential implications for the fields of sonic art and sound design are also discussed, with particular references to Denis Smalley’s taxonomy of ‘cyclic/centric motion and growth processes’.
The reasoned Samaritan: a study on the Swedish government’s reasons behind the restrictive shift in refugee policy in 2015

This thesis is concerned with understanding the restrictive shift in refugee policy that occurred in Sweden during the fall of 2015. Several European states decided to deny entry to refugees, which led to a vast immigration in Sweden. The high quantity of asylum seekers resulted in Sweden adopting restrictive measures in order to limit the immigration rate and regain order and stability in the country. Seeing as the state has a history of a generous foreign politics and a government that seeks to strengthen the protection of refugees a restrictive shift in policy came as a surprise. The aim is thus to examine if the government’s actions correspond with their political stance by answering the question “did the Swedish government argue for that the shift in refugee policy was humanitarian, and if so, how? ” By looking at the government’s arguments found in speeches, interviews, and reports the analysis shows that the government both explicitly and implicitly argues for adopting a humanitarian politics. Using statistics and the lack of EU cooperation as arguments the government is able to justify their actions as humanitarian and as being in line with their political views. (Less)
Intercomparisons of trace gases profiles from the Odin/SMR and Aura/MLS limb sounders

This paper presents the intercomparison of O(3), HNO(3), ClO, N(2)O and CO profiles measured by the two spaceborne microwave instruments MLS ( Microwave Limb Sounder) and SMR ( Submillimetre Radiometer) on board the Aura and Odin satellites, respectively. We compared version 1.5 level 2 data from MLS with level 2 data produced by the French data processor version 222 and 225 and by the Swedish data processor version 2.0 for several days in September 2004 and in March 2005. For the five gases studied, an overall good agreement is found between both instruments. Most of the observed discrepancies between SMR and MLS are consistent with results from other intercomparison studies involving MLS or SMR. O(3) profiles retrieved from the SMR 501.8 GHz band are noisier than MLS profiles but mean biases between both instruments do not exceed 10%. SMR HNO(3) profiles are biased low relative to MLS's by similar to 30% above the profile peak. In the lower stratosphere, MLS ClO profiles are biased low by up to 0.3 ppbv relative to coincident SMR profiles, except in the Southern Hemisphere polar vortex in the presence of chlorine activation. N(2)O profiles from both instruments are in very good agreement with mean biases not exceeding 15%. Finally, the intercomparison between SMR and MLS CO profiles has shown a good agreement from the middle stratosphere to the middle mesosphere in spite of strong oscillations in the MLS profiles. In the upper mesosphere, MLS CO concentrations are biased high relative to SMR while negative values in the MLS retrievals are responsible for a negative bias in the tropics around 30 hPa.
Silencing of PROS 1 induces apoptosis and inhibits migration and invasion of glioblastoma multiforme cells

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor and most patients have poor prognosis. Despite many advances in research, there has been no significant improvement in the patient survival rate. New molecular therapies are being studied and RNA interference (RNAi) therapy is one of the promising approaches to improve prognosis and increase survival in patients with GBM. We performed a meta-analysis of five different microarray datasets and identified 460 significantly upregulated genes in GBM. Loss-of-function screening of these upregulated genes using LN18 cells was performed to identify the significant target genes for glioma. Further investigations were performed using siRNA in LN18 cells and various functional assays were carried out on the selected candidate gene to understand further its role in GBM. We identified PROS1 as a candidate gene for GBM from the meta-analysis and RNAi screening. Knockdown of PROS1 in LN18 cells significantly induced apoptosis compared to siPROS1-untreated cells (p<0.05). Migration in cells treated with siPROS1 was reduced significantly (p<0.05) and this was confirmed with wound-healing assay. PROS1 knockdown showed substantial reduction in cell invasion up to 82% (p<0.01). In addition, inhibition of PROS1 leads to decrease in cellular proliferation by 18%. Knockdown of PROS1 in LN18 cells caused activation of both of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. It caused major upregulation of FasL which is important for death receptor signaling activation and also downregulation of GAS6 and other members of TAM family of receptors. PROS1 may play an important role in the development of GBM through cellular proliferation, migration and invasion as well as apoptosis. Targeting PROS1 in GBM could be a novel therapeutic strategy in GBM treatment.
On the arithmetic fundamental lemma in the minuscule case

Abstract The arithmetic fundamental lemma conjecture of the third author connects the derivative of an orbital integral on a symmetric space with an intersection number on a formal moduli space of $p$-divisible groups of Picard type. It arises in the relative trace formula approach to the arithmetic Gan–Gross–Prasad conjecture. We prove this conjecture in the minuscule case.
The simulated climate of the Last Glacial Maximum and insights into the global carbon cycle

The ocean’s ability to store large quantities of carbon, combined with the millennial longevity over which this reservoir is overturned, has implicated the ocean as a key driver of glacial-interglacial climates. However, the combination of processes that cause an accumulation of carbon within the ocean during glacial periods is still under debate. Here we present simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) using the CSIRO Mk3L-COAL Earth System Model to test the contribution of physical and biogeochemical processes to ocean carbon storage. For the LGM simulation, we ﬁnd a signiﬁcant global cooling 5 of the surface ocean (3.2 ◦ C) and the expansion of both minimum (Northern Hemisphere: 105 %; Southern Hemisphere: 225 %) and maximum (Northern Hemisphere: 145 %; Southern Hemisphere: 120 %) sea ice cover broadly consistent with proxy reconstructions. Within the ocean, a signiﬁcant reorganisation of the large-scale circulation and biogeochemical ﬁelds occurs. The LGM simulation stores an additional 322 Pg C in the deep ocean relative to the Pre-Industrial (PI) simulation, particularly due to a strengthening in Antarctic Bottom Water circulation. However, 839 Pg C is lost from the upper ocean via equilibration 10 with a lower atmospheric CO 2 concentration, causing a net loss of 517 Pg C relative to the PI simulation. The LGM deep ocean also experiences an oxygenation ( > 100 mmol O 2 m − 3 ) and deepening of the aragonite saturation depth ( > 2,000 m deeper) at odds with proxy reconstructions. Hence, physical changes cannot in isolation produce plausible biogeochemistry nor the required drawdown of atmospheric CO 2 of 80-100 ppm at the LGM. With modiﬁcations to key biogeochemical processes, which include an increased export of organic matter due to a simulated release from iron limitation, a deepening of remineralisation 15 and decreased inorganic carbon export driven by cooler temperatures, we ﬁnd that the carbon content in the glacial oceanic reservoir can be increased (326 Pg C) to a level that is sufﬁcient to explain the reduction in atmospheric and terrestrial carbon at the LGM (520 ± 400 Pg C). These modiﬁcations also go some way to reconcile simulated export production, aragonite saturation state and oxygen ﬁelds with those that have been reconstructed by proxy measurements, thereby implicating changes in ocean biogeochemistry as an essential driver of the climate system. for the analysis undertaken in this work. The matplotlib package (Hunter, 2007), and Cartopy packages (http://scitools.org.uk/), cmocean package et producing visualisations.
Do strong internal relationships really lead to strong external relationships: An initial examination

This paper examines the link between internal relationship strength and the ability of employees to develop relationships with external customers. The results of a survey of employees measuring the strength of the relationship an employee has with the firm and then their perceived ability to develop relationships with customers demonstrated that such an association does exist. A moderately strong association was found to exist. Hence, the degree to which employees feel that they have a strong relationship with their employer does have some influence on the way they feel they are able to build strong relationships with customers. Further research is recommended exploring the link between these in greater detail as well as extending the research to a larger survey group. Perceived ability to develop external relationships needs further development as a construct.
Genes in Chromosomal Ridge Domains Have Increased mRNA Folding Stability and Half-Life, Further Contributing to Their High Expression

Highly expressed genes cluster in large chromosomal domains in the human genome called Ridges. Ridges are GC-rich and up-regulate transcription 4-fold compared to anti-Ridges, which are AT-rich and have opposite physical characteristics. Ridges are mostly localized in GC-rich isochores. We investigated whether high GC content of Ridge mRNAs increases their thermodynamic folding stability and half-lives, thus further increasing mRNA levels of Ridge genes. We show by calculating minimal free energy for 18,837 genes that mRNA folding stability is for 90% determined by GC content and is considerably higher for Ridge genes. Microarray analysis of human embryonal kidney cells (HEK293) treated with transcriptional inhibitors 5,6-dichloro1-ß-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole riboside (DRB) and Actinomycin-D, demonstrates that Ridge mRNAs have 1.5–2.1 hour longer half-lives than anti-Ridge mRNAs. This effect is independent of genes with a destabilizing AU-rich element (ARE). However, Ridge genes have 3-times less AREs compared to anti-Ridges, further increasing their half-lives. Analysis of highly expressed genes shows that half-life depends on folding stability and GC content, but not on expression. Long-lived genes are thus 3-fold enriched for mRNAs from Ridges compared to anti-Ridges. We propose that the increased half-life of Ridge genes is part of a system to superimpose mechanisms that amplify gene expression.
Not so Harmless After All: The Fixed-Effects Model

The fixed-effects estimator is biased in the presence of dynamic misspecification and omitted within variation correlated with one of the regressors. We argue and demonstrate that fixed-effects estimates can amplify the bias from dynamic misspecification and that with omitted time-invariant variables and dynamic misspecifications, the fixed-effects estimator can be more biased than the ‘naïve’ OLS model. We also demonstrate that the Hausman test does not reliably identify the least biased estimator when time-invariant and time-varying omitted variables or dynamic misspecifications exist. Accordingly, empirical researchers are ill-advised to rely on the Hausman test for model selection or use the fixed-effects model as default unless they can convincingly justify the assumption of correctly specified dynamics. Our findings caution applied researchers to not overlook the potential drawbacks of relying on the fixed-effects estimator as a default. The results presented here also call upon methodologists to study the properties of estimators in the presence of multiple model misspecifications. Our results suggest that scholars ought to devote much more attention to modeling dynamics appropriately instead of relying on a default solution before they control for potentially omitted variables with constant effects using a fixed-effects specification.
First-Principles Study on Stability and Magnetism of MAln (M = Ni, Cu) (n = 1 - 9) Clusters

We have investigated the structures, stabilities and magnetism of NiAln and CuAln (n = 1-9) clusters systematically by using first-principles density functional theory. Our calculated results indicate that most of the ground state structures for the Al clusters doped with one nickel or copper atom are different from those of the corresponding pure Al clusters. NiAln and CuAln (n = 1-9) cluster ions have similar geometrical configurations to the corresponding neutral clusters, except for positive NiAl9 ion. The magnetic moments of NiAln (n = odd number) and CuAln (n = even number) cluster anions, neutrals and cations are 0, 1 μB, and 2 μB, respectively. The magnetic moments of NiAl4 and NiAl6 cluster anions, neutrals and cations are associated with 1 μB, 2 μB, and 3 μB, respectively. NiAl2, NiAl8 and CuAln (n = odd number) clusters do not have any net magnetic moment. But, NiAl2 and NiAl8 cluster ions have the net magnetic moment of 1 μB.
Job preferences of students and new graduates in nursing

This article investigates the preferences of student and newly graduated nurses for pecuniary and nonpecuniary aspects of nursing jobs. It is the first study applying methods based on discrete choice experiments to a developed country nursing workforce. It is also the first to focus on the transition through university training and into work. This is particularly important as junior nurses have the lowest retention levels in the profession. We sample 526 individuals from nursing programmes in two Australian universities. Flexible and newly developed models combining heteroscedasticity with unobserved heterogeneity in scale and preference weights are estimated. Overall, salary remains the most important feature in increasing the probability that a job will be selected. ‘Supportive management/staff’ and ‘quality of care’ follow as the most important attributes from a list of 11 nonpecuniary characteristics. However, the subset of new graduates rank ‘supportive management/staff’ above salary increases, emphasizing the importance of a supportive workplace in the transition from university to the workplace. We find substantial preference heterogeneity and some attributes, such as the opportunity for clinical rotations, are found to be attractive to some nurses while seen as negative by others. Nursing retention could be improved by designing different employment packages to appeal to these different tastes.
Genetic diversity of Indian isolates of rice blast pathogen ( Magnaporthe grisea ) using molecular markers

CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 88, NO. 9, 10 MAY 2005 1466 *For correspondence. (e-mail: * or correspondence. (eail: tgk@apsara.barc.ernet.in) 27. Sambrook, J., Fritsh, E. F. and Maniatis, T. , Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, 2nd edn, 1989. 28. Hall, J. C. , Tripping along the trail to the molecular mechanisms of biological clocks. Trends Neurosci. , 1995, 18, 230–240. 29. Rosbash, M. , Molecular control of circadian rhythms. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. , 1995, 5, 662–668. 30. Price, J. L. , Blau, J., Rothenfluh, A. , Abodeely, M. , Kloss, B. and Young, M. W. , Double-time is a novel Drosophila clock gene that regulates PERIOD protein accumulation. Cell, 1998, 94, 83–95.
In-situ evaluation of internal drainage in layered soils (Tukulu, Sepane and Swartland)

The soil water release (SWC) and permeability properties of layered soils following deep infiltration depends on the structural and layering composition of the profiles diagnostic horizons. Three layered soils, the Tukulu, Sepane and Swartland soil forms, from the Free State province of South Africa, were selected for internal drainage eval5 uation. The soil water release curves as a function of suction (h) and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K-coe cient) as a function of soil water content, SWC ( ), were characterised alongside the pedological properties of the profiles. The water hanging column in collaboration with the in-situ instantaneous profile method (IPM) was appropriate for this work. Independently, the saturated hydraulic conductivity (K s ) was 10 measured using double ring infiltrometers. The three soils had a generic orthic A horizon but di ered remarkable with depth. A clay rich layer was found in the Tukulu and Sepane at depths of 600 to 850mm and 300 to 900mm, respectively. The Swartland was weakly developed with a saprolite rock found at depth of 400‐700mm. During the 1200h drainage period, soil water loss amounted to 21, 20 and 51mm from the respec15
EFFECT OF RADIATION AND POROSITY PARAMETER ON MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC FLOW DUE TO STRETCHING SHEET IN POROUS MEDIA

An analysis is made for the steady two-dimensional flow of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid in the vicinity of a stagnation point on a stretching sheet. Fluid is considered in a porous medium under the influence of (i)transverse magnetic field, (ii)volumetric rate of heat generation/absorption in the presence of radiation effect. Rosseland approximation is used to model the radiative heat transfer. The governing boundary layer equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations by taking suitable similarity variables. In the present reported work the effect of porosity parameter, radiation parameter, magnetic field parameter and the Prandtl number on flow and heat transfer characteristics have been discussed. Variation of above discussed parameters with the ratio of free stream velocity parameter to stretching sheet parameter have been graphically represented.