Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of Behavioral Malware in Delay Tolerant Networks

Disruption-tolerant networking has gained currency in the United States due to support from DARPA , which has funded many DTN projects. Disruption may occur because of the limits of wireless radio range, sparsity of mobile nodes, energy resources, attack, and noise. The delay-tolerant-network (DTN) model is becoming a viable communication alternative to the traditional infrastructural model for modern mobile consumer electronics equipped with short-range communication technologies such as Bluetooth, NFC, and Wi-Fi Direct. Proximity malware is a class of malware that exploits the opportunistic contacts and distributed nature of DTNs for propagation. Behavioral characterization of malware is an effective alternative to pattern matching in detecting malware, especially when dealing with polymorphic or obfuscated malware. In this paper, we first propose a general behavioral characterization of proximity malware which based on Naive Bayesian model, which has been successfully applied in non-DTN settings such as filtering email spams and detecting bonnets. We identify two unique challenges for extending Bayesian malware detection to DTNs (“insufficient evidence vs. evidence collection risk” and “filtering false evidence sequentially and distributedly”), and propose a simple yet effective method, look-ahead, to address the challenges. Furthermore, we propose two extensions to look-ahead, dogmatic filtering and adaptive look-ahead, to address the challenge of “malicious nodes sharing false evidence”. Real mobile network traces are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
DEMETER observations of an intense upgoing column of ELF/VLF radiation excited by the HAARP HF heater

[1] DEMETER spacecraft observations of ELF signals generated by the recently upgraded High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) HF facility (3.6 MW) reveal three distinctive regions characterizing upgoing ELF waves. These regions are classified by signal intensity and the minimum lateral distance d between the magnetic footprint of the satellite at 75-km altitude (D layer) and the point at 75-km altitude immediately above HAARP where the source is located. The first large region within d ≃ 900 km contains waves which propagate in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide and then leak upward to the spacecraft. The second region of d ≃ 200–300 km contains waves propagating to the spacecraft from the ionospheric source region without reflection from the ground. The third region contains waves of very high intensity (E ≃ 350 μV/m, B ≃ 20 pT) within a narrow cylindrical column of ∼10–20 km radius, also observed once before on the ISIS 1 spacecraft. The observed intense columnar radiation is consistent with predictions of a recent full-wave model of ELF radiation from HF-heater-produced ionospheric source currents.
Mesozooplankton consumption of microplankton in the Mississippi River plume, with special emphasis on planktonic ciliates

Grazing of mesozooplankton on phytoplankton, ciliates and other microplankton in the Mississippi River plume was studied by on-deck zooplankton addition incubations during March 2002. Diatoms, numerically predominated by the pennate diatom Pseudonitzschia pseudodelicatis- sima, were the most abundant microplankton in the plume. We observed that large cells of all types dominated the mesozooplankton diet and that phytoplankton generally comprised the largest dietary component. Microzooplankton contributed between 2 and 60% to the mesozooplankton diet. At the near-field station (nearest the discharge point of the river), P. pseudodelicatissimi concentration was low and consumption of diatoms, ciliates and dinoflagellates by mesozooplankton reflected available concentrations. In the mid-field stations, P. pseudodelicatissimi attained very high concentrations (17 000 cells ml -1 ) but comprised only a small portion of the mesozooplankton diet, which was instead dominated by ciliates and dinoflagellates. At the far-field station (approximately 60 km distance from the discharge point), P. pseudodelicatissimi concentration was intermediate but mesozooplankton clearance rates were still higher on ciliates and dinoflagellates at these stations. This pattern may have been established by changes in the composition of the mesozooplankton grazer community, by the inability of some mesozoopllankton to efficiently ingest the long (>100 µm) and large-sized diatoms, or by the production of toxins by P. pseudodelicatissimi that prevent it from been grazed by mesozooplankton. Our findings are consistent with an earlier published conceptual model in that (1) the abundance of microzooplankton (ciliates) was high in the near- to mid-field and then decreased toward the far-field, in parallel with phytoplankton stock; (2) mesozooplankton consumed large rather than small prey, thereby affecting the structure of the phytoplankton and microzooplankton community; (3) phytoplankton, dominated by diatoms, were the major food source for mesozooplank- ton in the plume.
Discriminating Quantum Correlations with Networking Quantum Teleportation : Supplemental Material

Shih-Hsuan Chen, He Lu, Qi-Chao Sun, Qiang Zhang, Yu-Ao Chen, and Che-Ming Li Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan Department of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Center for Quantum Technology, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
Impression of Disparate Levels of Poultry Manure and Humic Acid on the Yield and Yield Traits of Maize (Zea Mays L.)

Use of inorganic fertilizers have some problems to farmers in terms of high cost and short residual effect. Since use of organic fertilizers have a long residual effect but the nutrient requirement of crops is not fulfill in one season. So, using of combination of different organic manures can not only improve soil properties but also fulfill the nutrients requirement of crops. Therefore, a study was carried out aiming use of combinations of organic manures to improve maize yield and quality at the Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak District Nowshera, KP, Pakistan during Kharif 2016. Poultry Manure (PM) and Humic Acid (HA) combinations were used as treatments including T1=Control, T2=2.5 tons PM ha-1+5 kg HA ha-1, T3=5 tons PM ha-1+4 kg HA ha-1, T4=7.5 tons PM ha-1+3 kg HA ha-1, T5=10 tons PM ha-1+2 kg HA ha-1 and T6=12.5 tons PM ha-1+1 kg HA ha-1. A basic dose of NPK was applied at the rate of 60:40:30 kg N, P and K ha-1. The results showed that highest days number to tasseling (55) and to silking (56) were recorded when PM and HA were applied at the rate of 12.5 tons PM ha-1+1 kg HA ha-1 as compared with control plots. Highest plant height (185.33 cm), leaf area (411.26 cm2), cob length (17.0 cm), grains number cob-1 (413), grain yield (4783.3 kg ha-1), 1000 grain weight (413 g) and stover yield (13197 kg ha-1) were produced when PM and HA were applied at the rate of 12.5 tons PM ha-1 and 1 kg HA ha-1 as compared with the control plots. It is recommended that use of HA and PM in blending not only improves crop yield but also has a long term residual effect and improve soil properties as well.
An empirical model (CH-Therm-2018) of the thermospheric mass density derived from CHAMP

Abstract. Thermospheric drag is the major non-gravitational perturbation acting on Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites at altitudes up to 1000 km. The drag depends on the thermospheric density, which is a key parameter in the planning of LEO missions, e.g. their lifetime, collision avoidance, precise orbit determination, as well as orbit and re-entry prediction. In this study, we present an empirical model, named CH-Therm-2018, of the thermospheric mass density derived from 9-year (from August 2000 to July 2009) accelerometer measurements at altitude from 460 to 310 km, from the CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) satellite. The CHAMP dataset is divided into two 5-year periods with 1-year overlap (from August 2000 to July 2005 and from August 2004 to July 2009), to represent the high-to-moderate and moderate-to-low solar activity conditions, respectively. The CH-Therm-2018 model is a function of seven key parameters, including the height, solar flux index, season (day of year), magnetic local time, geographic latitude and longitude, as well as magnetic activity represented by the solar wind merging electric field. Predictions of the CH-Therm-2018 model agree well with the CHAMP observations (disagreements within ±20 %), and show different features of thermospheric mass density during solar activities, e.g. the March-September equinox asymmetry and the longitudinal wave pattern. We compare the CH-Therm-2018 predictions with the Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter Radar Extended (NRLMSISE-00) model. The result shows that CH-Therm-2018 better predicts the density evolution during the last solar minimum (2008-2009) than the NRLMSISE-00 model. By comparing the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) observations of the ANDE-Pollux satellites during August-September 2009, we estimate 6-h scaling factors of thermospheric mass density and obtain a median value of 1.27 ± 0.60, indicating that our model, on average, slightly underestimates the thermospheric mass density at solar minimum.
Seeing is not enough for believing: Building mathematical knowledge for teaching through observing, deconstructing, and enacting particular pedagogies

This thesis tells the story of the experience of 18 teachers as they engaged in observing, deconstructing, and enacting teaching approaches associated with developing students’ reasoning and problem-solving. The findings confirm the potential and merit of modelling particular approaches to teaching to enhance mathematics teaching and learning by confronting teacher assumptions about teaching and learning and in doing so providing opportunities for them to develop mathematical knowledge for teaching. Two recommendations to improve pre-and post-modelled lesson briefings are presented.
Efficacy of Interactive Internet‐Based Education in Structural Timber Design

While traditional teaching methods (e.g., real‐time, synchronous lectures) have proven effective for training future engineers, the Internet provides an avenue to reinforce the material and augment student learning, comprehension, and retention of material. This paper presents the integration and assessment of a library of interactive instructional modules specifically for a senior‐level undergraduate elective course in civil engineering. An ongoing, comprehensive assessment process was implemented in the fall 1999 semester. The results of this quantitative assessment indicate that the use of well designed and pedagogically sound Internet‐based supplemental modules provide students with a better understanding of course material. However, when Internet‐based content does not promote critical thinking, little increase in the student performance and understanding of the material is realized. Interactive Web‐based instruction should not be viewed as a “replacement” to traditional instruction, but rather a tool that provides a broader and more dynamic environment for students with a variety of learning styles.
Generating Recommendation Status of Electronic Products from Online Reviews

The need for effective and efficient mining of online reviews cannot be overemphasized. This position is as a result of the overwhelmingly large number of reviews available online which makes it cumbersome for customers to read through all of them. Hence, the need for online web review mining system which will help customers as well as manufacturers read through a large number of reviews and provide a quick description and summary of the performance of the product. This will assist the customer make better and quick decision, and also help manufacturers improve their products and services. This paper describes a research work that focuses on mining the opinions expressed on some electronic products, providing ranks or ratings for the features, with the aim of summarizing them and making recommendations to potential customers for better online shopping. A technique is also proposed for scoring segments with infrequent features. The evaluation results using laptops demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques.
National Identity Management Strategies: Do they Help or Hinder Adoption of Multiculturalism in Russia?

Background. We use Social identity Theory as a theoretical framework, specifically focusing on strategies of identity management. The study is based on the following theoretical assumptions. First, identity management strategies might serve as mediators between different identity threats and behavioral patterns in intergroup relations. Second, identity management strategies help to make the shift from the individual to the group level of analysis, allowing us to take the consequences of intergroup behavior for a group entitativity into consideration. Third, identity management strategies strongly depend on the social context of intergroup relations. Objective. in the current study, we look into the relationships between identity management strategies of the ethnic Russian majority and their attitudes towards multiculturalism to identify whether certain strategies are helpful or harmful for the acceptance of multiculturalism in Russia. Design. We use Russia vs. the West comparison to evoke the perception of identity threat. We measure strategies of identity management based on this comparison, as well as attitudes towards multiculturalism in a survey of 307 Russian participants. Results. The findings suggest that identity management strategies are indeed related to attitudes towards cultural diversity and equality in Russia, as well as to acculturation expectations of whether minorities should adopt the mainstream Russian culture or keep their own. We find that strategies of individualization, individual mobility and assimilation have mostly negative consequences for acculturation expectations, as they all show patterns that support assimilation of minorities instead of integration. We also find support for the “scapegoat” hypothesis, showing that choosing the strategy of changing the comparison group results in more negative attitudes toward cultural diversity and equal-
Measuring the Quality of Signs for Objects in the Economy

The problems of measuring the quality attributes for different objects in the economy were considered. This article used methods of value measuring in the economy that were determined by the existing types. In this, it must distinguish between direct primary measurement, indirect measurement, joint and combined measurement. The different ways to solve it on the basis of joint measurement of qualitative and quantitative attributes inherent to economic facilities that were explored. Stages and elements of the quantities measurement processes in the economy were classified and analyzed. The corresponding mathematical methods and tools depending on the objectives and procedures of measurements are determined. The conceptual representation of an integral quality of the object in the economy as a generalizing indicator was proposed. It finds that it is possible to make general conclusions that underestimate the role of non-metric signs in the characterization of the object that is explained by their insufficient study and poorly developed mathematical tools to measure them.
Feature design in soccer video indexing

Unlike American football, baseball, tennis and many other sports games, soccer is not a well-structured game. Soccer videos are basically continuous streams with exciting highlights embedded. However, the highlights of the same type are correlated in spatial and temporal feature distributions. In this paper we present an effective scheme to represent soccer scenes with low/mid-level image and sound features. We discuss three aspects of feature design in soccer video indexing system: temporal structure, low/mid-level features, domain specific knowledge. We use the maximum-entropy based machine learning method as a test platform to verify the feature design scheme. The maximum-entropy method can automatically choose the features with more distinguishing power. The feature representation is applied to soccer video indexing. Extensive experiments are conducted and satisfying results are described.
Cirrus crystal fall velocity estimates using the Match method with ground-based lidars: first investigation through a case study

Cirrus ice particle sedimentation velocity (vs) is one of the critical variables for the parameterization of cirrus properties in a global climate model (GCM). In this study a methodology to estimate cirrus properties, such as crystal mean fall speed, through successive lidar measurements is evaluated. This "Match" technique has been applied on cirrus cloud observations and then tested with measurements from two ground-based lidars located in the Mediterranean area. These systems, with similar instrumental characteristics, are installed at the Observatory of Haute Provence (OHP, 43.9° N, 5.7° E) in France and at Rome Tor Vergata (RTV, 41.8° N, 12.6° E) in Italy. At a distance of approximately 600 km, the two lidar stations have provided systematic measurements for several years and are along a typical direction of an air path. A test case of an upper tropospheric cirrus, observed over both sites during the night between 13 and 14 March 2008, has been selected and the feasibility of the Match-cirrus approach investigated through this case. The analysis through lidar principal parameters (vertical location, geometrical thickness and optical depth) reveals a case of a thin sub-visible cirrus (SVC) located around the tropopause. A first range of values for vs (1.4-1.9 cm s−1, consistent with simple-shaped small crystals) has been retrieved with a simplified approach (adiabatic transport and "frozen" microphysical conditions inside the cirrus). The backward trajectory analysis suggests a type of cirrus formed by large-scale transport processes (adiabatic cooling of moist air masses coming from the subtropical area around Mexico gulf), which is characterized by a long atmospheric lifetime and horizontal extension of several hundred km. The analysis of this case study reveals that many uncertainties reduce the confidence of the retrieved estimates of the crystal fall velocity. However, this paper allows for assessing the technique feasibility by identifying the main critical issues for future similar investigations. This study shows that such approach is feasible; however, the methodology should be improved and some directions have been suggested for future campaigns.
An Assessment of Customer Satisfaction with GSM Service Quality in Cross River State, Nigeria

This Study investigated the satisfaction of customers with the quality of services delivered by GSM firms operating in Cross River State. The purpose was to determine the influence of network quality, service charge, customer care support as independent variables on the dependent variable (Customer satisfaction). A conceptual model of customer satisfaction was developed for this study. Three hypotheses was formulated and tested for this study. Primary data were collected from 300 GSM subscribers drawn proportionally across the three geo-political zones of Cross River State. The questionnaire were validated through face, construct and content, and used for data collection. The reliability of the instrument was ascertained through split-half reliability estimate. The data were descriptively analyzed using tables and figures, while the Pearson product moment was adopted to test the hypotheses. It was found that all the research variables (network quality service charge and customer care support) had a high correlation with customer satisfaction. Arising from these finding, it was recommended that mobile operators should make a conscious effort to upgrade their mobile service equipment symbolic in their telecommunication services, by investing in the necessary material(s) that could boost call quality and coverage. It is also relevant that all the elements in a service quality programme be strictly implemented to the later. Assurance, reliability, empathy, tangibles, and responsiveness are equally important in satisfying customers Keywords: customer satisfaction, service quality, service charge, customer care and GSM service.
Inhibition of Penicillium digitatum and Citrus Green Mold by VolatileCompounds Produced by Enterobacter cloacae

Penicillium digitatum causes green mold decay on citrus fruit, resulting in severe economic losses to citrus growers and packers worldwide. The present study is to evaluate the control of citrus green mold by volatiles produced by Enterobacter cloacae. An E. cloacae strain isolated from plant rhizospheres was able to produce three volatile organic compounds, which were identified as butyl acetate, phenylethyl alcohol, and 4,5-dimethyl-1-hexene by GC/MS chromatography. The volatile compounds produced by E. cloacae inhibited conidial germination and hyphal elongation of P. digitatum and reduced green mold severity. E. cloacae cultured at temperatures ranging from 16°C to 28°C, at pH values ≤6, or in a substrate carrier (sphagnum moss, vermiculite, or perlite) provided superior control against P. digitatum. A laboratory formulation using E. cloacae and perlite protected citrus fruit from green mold up to 22 days and its effectiveness outperformed fungicide application at room temperature (~25°C). The results implicate practical application of E. cloacae as a biofumigant for controlling citrus postharvest decay caused by P. digitatum. Significantly, the study provides a model for future research on how to formulate an effective biocontrol agent for disease management.
Quality monitoring of WDM channels with blind signal separation methods

Feature Issue on Optical Performance Monitoring (OPM). An effective technique to monitor the quality of wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) channels is presented. This process uses a blind signal separation (BSS) method based on higher-order-statistics (HOS), and an optical-loop structure to extract the baseband channels from the WDM transmission. From the reconstructed baseband waveforms, a series of WDM transmission quality parameters are evaluated. Relative to previously proposed methods for WDM-channel monitoring, the HOS-based optical-loop procedure shows reduced complexity, improved cost efficiency, and better performance.