Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factorial Validity of the Flight Risk Assessment Tool in General Aviation Operations

The Flight Risk Assessment Tool (FRAT) was developed and is recommended by the Federal Aviation Administration to provide a solution of proactively identifying and mitigating risk before each flight. General aviation (GA) operators are encouraged to adapt the FRAT based upon specific operational characteristics. Currently, most safety management systems-compliant GA operators have implemented various versions of FRATs with different operational purposes. However, the FRAT could be inappropriately implemented because of the dynamic operational features of GA operations. The purpose of this study is to explore insights into potential approaches to validate the FRAT that is used for flight risk assessment in routine GA operations. A FRAT from a flight school regulated under Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 141 was used as a study case. In total, 1,832 sets of FRAT data were collected from flight operations between November 2016 and February 2017. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was adopted in this research. The CFA results indicated that the studied FRAT model did not provide good fit with the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) 5 0.13, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) 5 0.08, comparative fit index (CFI) 5 0.98, and Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) 5 0.98. Based on the modification indices, the studied FRAT model was restructured by removing 11 risk items from the original 33 risk items. The new model fitted the data acceptably (RMSEA 5 0.07, SRMR 5 0.05, TLI 5 0.76, CFI 5 0.69). In addition, implications and directions for further study are discussed.
DEVELOPMENT OF OPEN SOURCE HARDWARE IN ONLINE COMMUNITIES: INVESTIGATING REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUPWARE

Abstract Open source hardware is hardware whose design is shared online so that anyone can study, modify, distribute, make, and sell it. In spite of the increasing popularity of this alternative IP management approach, the field of OSH remains fragmented of diverse practices seeking for settlement. This challenges providers of groupware solutions to capture the specific needs of open source product development practitioners. This contribution therefore delivers a list of basic requirements and verifies them by comparing offered functions of existing groupware solutions.
A “Thick” Conception of Children’s Voices: A Hermeneutical Framework for Childhood Research

“Listening to children’s voices” can help foster respectful regard for their experiences and concerns and promote the recognition of children as active agents; that is, persons who have interests and capacities to participate in discussions and decisions that affect them and other people. However, “listening to children’s voices” can have many different forms, and the ways that these voices should be linked to children’s agency can be unclear. I outline several common misconceptions that can impede “listening to children’s voices” as forms of epistemological oppression. I argue for a thick conception of children’s voices, recognizing that children’s expressions are relationally embedded expressions of their agency. Understanding children’s voices and experiences requires hermeneutical approaches that can help discern what is meaningful for a child in a particular situation. I discuss ontological, epistemological, and methodological shifts that are required for hermeneutical inquiry with children and outline specific methods that can be used, oriented by guiding questions. This hermeneutical methodology can help advance our understanding of children’s experiences as well as their aspirations and concerns in research and in professional practice.
The Waitangi Tribunal’s WAI 2575 Report

Abstract Te Tiriti o Waitangi, a treaty negotiated between Māori (the Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa) and the British Crown, affirmed Māori sovereignty and guaranteed the protection of hauora (health). The Waitangi Tribunal, established in 1975 to investigate alleged breaches of the agreement, released a major report in 2019 (registered as WAI 2575) about breaches of te Tiriti within the health sector in relation to primary care, legislation, and health policy. This article explores the implications of this report for the New Zealand health sector and the decolonial transformation of health systems. The tribunal found that the Crown has systematically contravened obligations under te Tiriti across the health sector. We complement the tribunal’s findings, through critical analysis, to make five substantive recommendations: (1) the adoption of Tiriti-compliant legislation and policy; (2) recognition of extant Māori political authority (tino rangatiratanga); (3) strengthening of accountability mechanisms; (4) investment in Māori health; and (5) embedding equity and anti-racism within the health sector. These recommendations are critical for upholding te Tiriti obligations. We see these requirements as making significant contributions to decolonizing health systems and policy in Aotearoa and thereby contributing to aspirations for health equity as a transformative concept.
Compressed domain image resizing based on saliency histogram equalisation and seam carving

With the increasing popularity of mobile devices and internet services, resizing of compressed images is in high demand. In this study, a compressed domain content-aware image resizing (CAIR) system is proposed. It takes a pair of meshes obtained by using saliency histogram equalisation and seam carving to convert the discrete cosine transform (DCT) blocks of the original image into the DCT blocks of the resized one without the burden of decompression and compression computations. Experimental results show that the proposed system is preferable to other existing CAIR algorithms, especially in terms of running time due mainly to the simplicity of histogram manipulation and dynamic programming.
High level detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase gene encoding Enterobacteriaceae in public toilets in Abeokuta, Nigeria

Increasing reports of the pandemic nature of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria in clinical infections called for more surveillance to identify possible sources of infection. This study examined the dissemination of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospital and public toilet facilities in Abeokuta. Swab samples were collected from toilet seats, door handles, toilet bowls and flush handles. Detection of ESBL producing isolates was done using double disc test. Presence of ESBL gene was done using multiplex PCR. Overall, ESBL-producing bacteria was detected in 44 (27.5%) out of 160 samples. ESBL-producing bacteria were detected at significantly higher rate )p<0.001) in hospital toilets than in community toilets. Isolates were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=25), Klebsiella oxytoca (n=2), Citrobacter freundii (n=6), Citrobacter youngae (n=3), Escherichia coli (n=5), Enterobacter cloacae (n=2) and Enterobacter kobei (n=1). Analysis for the presence of ESBL gene showed that all the isolates harboured the blaCTX-M- gene while blaTEM and blaSHV were detected in six and two isolates respectively. All the ESBL-producing isolates demonstrated resistance to at least three different classes of antimicrobials. The study showed that public toilets could serve as sources for nosocomial and community transmission of ESBL-producing bacteria in the environment.
What Influences the Servitization Process the Most? A Perspective of Polish Machinery Manufacturers

The servitization of manufacturing is an increasingly popular way to win market competition and maintain this advantage as well as to ensure more sustainable development of the manufacturing sector. To make this strategy effective, many aspects should be considered. This study mainly aims to identify the most significant factors influencing the process of servitization in the manufacturing sector. An additional research problem that emerged in the research process was aimed at determining the factors perceived by entrepreneurs as more important compared to others, and, correspondingly, the reasons behind such differences of opinion. This article is supported by the results of a literature review, the outcomes of a questionnaire survey (conducted with 150 Polish machinery manufacturers), and the findings of in-depth interviews with experts. In the light of the results of the quantitative research, the most important aspects that determine the servitization process are customer requirements and preferences; economic and financial aspects; added value for the customer and the company; and also the relations, stakeholders and partners of the service processes. More specific determinants, such as long-lasting and stronger relationships, organizational strategy, legal regulations regarding the provision of long-term services, and the economic benefits of service recipients, were indicated by experts as crucial in product–service integration. Also, employees’ competencies were emphasized as vital for extending the service activity of manufacturing companies. The contribution of this study is twofold. First, it identifies the most important aspects for the analysis of a manufacturer starting out on the servitization path. Second, the study reveals differences in the perception of the importance of certain factors that appear to be related to the experience related to the provision of services by machine manufacturers. Hence, some practical guidelines may be drawn for managers of manufacturing companies who plan to extend their service offer.
Using reproductive potential to assess oyster population sustainability

Ensuring that oysters remain sustainable in the face of significant coastal restoration activities, high local subsidence rates, and predicted sea‐level rise requires a deeper understanding of basic population demographics, including reproductive potential. We quantified fecundity (eggs ind−1) of oysters at high‐ and low‐salinity sites during a fall and spring spawn season. We assessed the relationships between oyster size, the relative proportion of females across size classes, and fecundity. Finally, we quantified reproductive potential (eggs m−2) of an engineered reef by connecting fecundity with annual oyster population demographic data as a means to assess population sustainability. The proportion of females generally increased with shell height, achieving a population with >50% females in Biloxi oysters >75 mm, and Grand Isle oysters >100 mm. Fecundity across both sites and seasons ranged from approximately 2,000 to >55 million eggs oyster−1. Mean fecundity generally increased with shell height, varying significantly by site, with Grand Isle (high salinity) oysters having greater fecundity than Biloxi (low salinity) oysters. Fecundity did not differ by season. Mean reproductive potential (eggs m−2) was driven by density and size distribution. Reefs with high densities and higher counts of market‐sized oysters had reproductive potentials 5× greater than those with low densities and low counts of juvenile oysters. With increasing changes in water quality from coastal management and climate, impacts on oyster reproduction may critically impact population sustainability. Reproductive potential provides critical data to assess individual reef ecosystem services, and to assess the potential for maintenance of local metapopulations.
The Polar Vortex and Extreme Weather: The Beast from the East in Winter 2018

Public attention has recently focused on high-impact extreme weather events in midlatitudes that originate in the sub-Arctic. We investigate movements of the stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) and related changes in lower atmospheric circulation during the February-March 2018 “Beast from the East” cold winter event that dramatically affected much of Europe and north-central North America. This study demonstrates that the movement of the SPV is a key linkage in late winter subarctic and northern midlatitude extreme weather events. February–March 2018 saw two types of subarctic-midlatitude weather connections. In the first type, the SPV was displaced from the pole to lower latitudes over North America in February and then was found over northern Siberia in March. Mid-February and mid-March are examples of persistent near vertically aligned geopotential height structures of the atmospheric circulation. These structures over North America and Eurasia advected cold Arctic air southward. The second type of cold surface event was associated with a weak regional SPV and a sudden stratospheric warming event over Europe during the second half of February. These late winter linkage events that arise through dynamic instabilities of the SPV are more common in the last decade, but the potential role of enhanced Arctic amplification is uncertain.
Design and validity of a questionnaire for measuring psychosocial risk factors and burnout

El sindrome de desgaste laboral se reconoce como uno de los riesgos emergentes mas importantes en los sitios de trabajo. Dentro de los factores que contribuyen a su desarrollo, estan los psicosociales, que son hechos, acontecimientos, situaciones o estados que derivan de la organizacion del trabajo y tienen una alta probabilidad de afectar a la salud del empleado con consecuencias destacables. Esta investigacion tuvo como proposito disenar un instrumento que permitiera medir la relacion que existe entre los factores de riesgo psicosocial y el desgaste laboral, en el entorno de la industria aeroespacial de manufactura. Se obtuvo un instrumento de medicion fiable y valido que puede ser aplicado a trabajadores de nivel operativo.
Simpler Learning of Robotic Manipulation of Clothing by Utilizing DIY Smart Textile Technology

Deformable objects such as ropes, wires, and clothing are omnipresent in society and industry but are little researched in robotics research. This is due to the infinite amount of possible state configurations caused by the deformations of the deformable object. Engineered approaches try to cope with this by implementing highly complex operations in order to estimate the state of the deformable object. This complexity can be circumvented by utilizing learning-based approaches, such as reinforcement learning, which can deal with the intrinsic high-dimensional state space of deformable objects. However, the reward function in reinforcement learning needs to measure the state configuration of the highly deformable object. Vision-based reward functions are difficult to implement, given the high dimensionality of the state and complex dynamic behavior. In this work, we propose the consideration of concepts beyond vision and incorporate other modalities which can be extracted from deformable objects. By integrating tactile sensor cells into a textile piece, proprioceptive capabilities are gained that are valuable as they provide a reward function to a reinforcement learning agent. We demonstrate on a low-cost dual robotic arm setup that a physical agent can learn on a single CPU core to fold a rectangular patch of textile in the real world based on a learned reward function from tactile information.
Raising the bar: on the type, size and timeline of a ‘successful’ decoupling

ABSTRACT Decoupling environmental ‘bads’ from economic ‘goods’ is a key part of policies such as green growth and circular economy that see economic growth as desirable or necessary, and also see that current use of natural resources and its environmental impacts is unsustainable. We estimate what a ‘successful decoupling’ (2% annual GDP growth and a decline in resource use by 2050 to a level that could be sustainable and compatible with a maximum 2°C global warming) would mean in terms of its type, timeline and size. Compared to 2017, ‘successful’ decoupling has to result in 2.6 times more GDP out of every ton of material use, including in-use material stocks. There are no realistic scenarios for such an increase in resource productivity.
In Silico Drug Repurposing of Penicillins to Target Main Protease Mpro of SARS-CoV-2

Background: SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) It is a respiratory tract infection and currently becoming pandemic worldwide affecting more than 50 lakh people As of now, there is no treatment or vaccine developed for disease management The main protease, Mpro in SARS-CoV-2 is a druggable target explored by many scientists We targeted this with the well-known approach of drug repurposing by using computational tools Methods: Schrodinger software was used for the study Ligands were prepared from US-FDA drug-bank by importing it to Maestro graphical user interphase, optimised using LigPrep, and molecular geometry minimized using OPLS3e force-field Mpro crystal structure 6LU7 was downloaded from PDB and optimised Molecules were docked using CovDock module in Glide docking Further, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out for 100 ns using Desmond module Results: In docking and molecular interactions studies, penicillins emerged as hits with consistent binding pattern by forming hydrophilic, hydrophobic, electrostatic interactions The molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the interactions Phenoxymethylpenicillin and Carbenicillin were found to interact consistently and appeared to be the most promising Conclusion: Usually, antibiotics are discouraged from using in the viral pandemic because of the development of resistance Azithromycin was combined with hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 Penicillins are less potent and first-line antibiotics for most of the bacterial infections This study suggests Phenoxymethylpenicillin and Carbenicillin can be tried along with hydroxychloroquine Further, this study shows the possible exploration by drug repurposing using computer-aided docking tools and the potential roles of beta-lactams in COVID-19 © 2020 The Author(s) This is an open access article and applies the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons org/licenses/by-nc/4 0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited
Contextualizing Well-Being for Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship is important in economic growth and development. This study explores the likelihood that societal-level well-being and country-level self-expression values positively influence individual entrepreneurship across countries. Self-expression values mediate and reinforce the effect of societal well-being on entrepreneurship. Well-being is not simply an individual-level expression of positive emotions or an individual’s accumulated human capital alone. It is also a country’s stock of psychological as well as social resource and a macrolevel culture-specific emotion supporting entrepreneurship. This study provides a multidimensional approach to exploring the effects of societal well-being and country-level self-expression values on entrepreneurship. The proposed conceptual model uses three theoretical propositions to delineate an indirect effect of societal well-being mediated through country-level self-expression values. The study also compiles measures of societal well-being terms from secondary data sets for use in cross-country comparative empirical research into entrepreneurship.
Factors Determining the Development of Small Farms in Central and Eastern Poland

The agrarian structure in Poland is dominated by small farms; the large share of these is a result of historical consequences. The economy has pushed small farms toward economic efficiency, which in farming often translates into increasing the scale of production. The primary objective of this research was to present the directions of the changes in the number of small farms in Central and Eastern Poland and to indicate the factors determining their functioning and development. The research was based on a random sample selection from rural municipalities, villages and small farms. The researchers collected 19 completed surveys from municipal agricultural officers, 75 surveys from village mayors and 116 surveys from small and active farms. The data from the farm surveys was analysed using k-mean cluster analyses and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to distinguish farms into homogenous groups. Three types of farms were identified: “hobby”, “two-occupation” and “professional” farms. The research shows that in the municipalities of Central and Eastern Poland, the number of landowners (over 1 ha of arable land) paying agricultural tax increased by 9% between 2005 and 2017. A significant gap was identified between the number of “official farmers” and “active” farmers. In the farm category surveyed, “active” farmers numbered only 33% of all farming entities. The surveys confirmed that the development of small farms is particularly influenced by external factors (EU funding; national benefits), rather than internal (entrepreneurial) factors. An in-depth survey of farmers, municipal agricultural officers and village mayors shows that “professional” farmers (Cluster 0) are expected to invest, develop and innovate. Farmers managing “hobby” and “two-occupation” farms have a reserved attitude towards investment and their objective is to maximise the benefits related to the arming status. In the authors’ opinions, “professional” farms have the highest probability of being economically viable, while others tend to focus on the provision of public goods related to financial support.
Circular value creation architectures: Make, ally, buy, or laissez‐faire

Slowing and closing product and related material loops in a circular economy (CE) requires circular service operations such as take‐back, repair, and recycling. However, it remains open whether these are coordinated by OEMs, retailers, or third‐party loop operators (e.g., refurbishers). Literature rooted in the classic make‐or‐buy concept proposes four generic coordination mechanisms and related value creation architectures: vertical integration, network, outsourcing, or doing nothing (laissez‐faire). For each of these existing architectures, we conducted an embedded case study in the domain of smartphones with the aim to better understand how central coordinators align with actors in the value chain to offer voluntary circular service operations. Based on the above coordination mechanisms, our central contribution is the development of a typology of circular value creation architectures (CVCAs) and its elaboration regarding circular coordination, loop configuration, and ambition levels. We find that firms following slowing strategies (i.e., repair, reuse, and remanufacturing) pursue higher degrees of vertical integration than those following closing strategies (i.e., recycling) because of the specificity of the assets involved and their greater strategic relevance. The typology also shows that higher degrees of vertical integration enable higher degrees of loop closure (i.e., from open to closed loops) and better feedbacks into product design. Furthermore, we differentiate the understanding on third‐party actors by distinguishing between independent and autonomous loop operators. Overall, we strengthen the actor perspective in product circularity literature by clarifying the actor set, their interrelationships, and how they form value creation architectures.