Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Striped Treefrog from Central Colombia

Hyla wandae is described from the western edge of the Colombian Ilanos. It seems most closely related to Hyla staufferi, H. parkeri, and H. squalirostris, from which it differs in structural features and color pattern. The mating call of H. wandae is a distinctive series of loud, harsh, regularly repeated notes. Mr. Jerry Glidewell and the senior author collected ten specimens of an apparently unnamed hylid frog in June, July, and August 1969, in Central Colombia. The collecting locality, near Villavicencio, lies at the base of the eastern Andes in what once may have been piedmont forest (Bates, 1948), but is now cleared pasture-land. The frogs were calling from grass clumps and low shrubs around temporary pasture pools. Specimens are deposited in the U. S. National Museum (USNM), The University of Texas at Arlington (UTA), Arizona State University (ASU), University of Kansas Museum of Natural History (KU), and American Museum of Natural History (AMNH). Hyla wandae, sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Holotype. USNM 192305; 12 km NNE of Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia; elevation about 580 m; 30 July 1969; Jerry R. Glidewell and William F. Pyburn, collectors. Paratypes. USNM 192306-192310 (5 specimens), same data as holotype; UTA 2819, ASU 13129, 13 August 1969, same locality; UTA 2821, 21 June 1969, same locality; KU 131717, 18 km NNE of Villavicencio, 620 m. Diagnosis. Small hylids (males to 26.9 mm snout-vent) of the rubra complex, with 4 dark, dorsolateral stripes; indistinct transverse bars on shanks. Snout pointed; head about as long as wide or slightly longer; tympanum about half of eye diameter; no ulnar or tarsal folds. Digital discs subtruncate, those of finger 3 and 4 and toe 4 about as wide as tympanum; finger webbing virtually lacking; toes about two-thirds webbed, reduced to vestige between toes 1 and 2. Mating call a sequence of short, harsh, regularly repeated buzzes; note duration somewhat greater than interval between notes. Description of Holotype. Adult male, snout-vent length 23.4mm. Head flat, about as wide (7.5mm) as long (7.7mm); dorsal aspect of snout pointed, lateral aspect of snout acutely rounded and projecting beyond lower jaw; snout rather elongate (3.5mm, anterior corner of eye to tip of snout); canthus rounded; loreal region nearly flat (barely concave); nostrils somewhat protuberant, the internarial distance (1.6mm) less than width of upper eyelid (1.9mm); eyes somewhat protuberant, length (2.5mm) almost equal to interorbital distance (2.6mm) and greater than eye (anterior corner) to nostril (posterior edge) (2.2mm); tympanum distinct, small (1.3mm), its diameter about half of eye length; a weak supratympanic fold covers the dorsal edge of the
Look-Up Table based Energy Efficient Processing in Cache Support for Neural Network Acceleration

This paper presents a Look-Up Table (LUT) based Processing-In-Memory (PIM) technique with the potential for running Neural Network inference tasks. We implement a bitline computing free technique to avoid frequent bitline accesses to the cache sub-arrays and thereby considerably reducing the memory access energy overhead. LUT in conjunction with the compute engines enables sub-array level parallelism while executing complex operations through data lookup which otherwise requires multiple cycles. Sub-array level parallelism and systolic input data flow ensure data movement to be confined to the SRAM slice.Our proposed LUT based PIM methodology exploits substantial parallelism using look-up tables, which does not alter the memory structure/organization, that is, preserving the bit-cell and peripherals of the existing SRAM monolithic arrays. Our solution achieves 1.72x higher performance and 3.14x lower energy as compared to a state-of-the-art processing-in-cache solution. Sub-array level design modifications to incorporate LUT along with the compute engines will increase the overall cache area by 5.6%. We achieve 3.97x speedup w.r. t neural network systolic accelerator with a similar area. The re-configurable nature of the compute engines enables various neural network operations and thereby supporting sequential networks (RNNs) and transformer models. Our quantitative analysis demonstrates 101x, 3x faster execution and 91x, 11x energy efficient than CPU and GPU respectively while running the transformer model, BERT-Base.
EXPLORATION DES MECANISMES D’ENGAGEMENT DURANT LE PROCESSUS DE CO-CREATION DE VALEUR : LE CAS DE LA GAMIFICATION SUR LES PLATEFORMES DE DEVELOPPEMENT DE NOUVEAUX PRODUITS

Academics and practitioners acknowledge the relevance of integrating customers in the development of new products and recommend the use of new technologies to this end. However, though they play an important role, the development of an online platforms is not sufficient for effective engagement of customers, yet considered as a key predictor of successful co-creation initiatives. Despite the large body of research regarding value cocreation, little is known about how to design interactive platforms to engage consumers. To address this gap, based on an in-depth case study including longitudinal data and rich qualitative material, this research investigates the impact of two gamification mechanics: cooperation and competition. This research highlights the existence of four user profiles. We then assess their emotional, cognitive and behavioral engagement with the gamified cocreation platform over time.
Static Analysis of Python Programs using Abstract Interpretation: An Application to Tensor Shape Analysis

Tensors, an extension of arrays, are widely used in a variety of programming tasks. Tensors are the building blocks of many modern machine learning frameworks and are fundamental in the definition of deep learning models. Linters are indispensable tools for today's developers, as they help the developers to check code before executing it. Despite the popularity of tensors, linters for Python that check and flag code with tensors are nonexistent. Given the tremendous amount of work done in Python with (and without) tensors, it is quite baffling that little work has been done in this regard. Abstract Interpretation is a methodology/framework for statically analysing code. The idea of Abstract Interpretation is to soundly overapproximate the result of running a piece of code over all possible inputs of the program. A sound overapproximation ensures that the Abstract Interpreter will never omit a true negative, i.e.~if a piece of code is not flagged by the Abstract Interpreter, then it can be safely assumed that the code will not fail. The Abstract Interpreter can be modified so that it only outputs true positives, although losing soundness, i.e.~the interpreter can flag which parts of the code are going to fail no matter how the code is run. In this work, we specify a subset of Python with emphasis on tensor operations. Our operational Python semantics is based on The Python Language Reference. We define an Abstract Interpreter and present its implementation. We show how each part of the Abstract Interpreter was built: the Abstract Domains defined and the abstract semantics. We present the structure of Pytropos, the Abstract Interpreter implemented. Pytropos is able to check NumPy array operations taking into account broadcasting and complex NumPy functions as \texttt{array} and \texttt{dot}. We constructed 74 unit test cases checking the capabilities of Pytropos and 20 property test cases checking compliance with the official Python implementation. We show what and how many bugs the Abstract Interpreter was able to find.
Effect of a Combined Methyl Bromide Fumigation and Cold Storage Treatment on Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Mortality on Apples

Mortality responses of Cydia pomonella (L.) I-d-old eggs and diapausing 5th instars to methyl bromide fumigation at 24gm-3 for 2 h, followed by cold storage at a range of temperatures (0.5-10°C) were determined on ‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Cranny Smith’ apples. The l-d-old eggs were more tolerant to the combined treatment than were diapausing 5th instars. Times for 99%mortality (LT99s) in cold storage (0.5-4°C) following the fumigation treatment varied between 11.9d (0.5°C) and 12.8d (4°C) and were not significantly different. LT99s for I-d-old eggs in cold storage only varied between 19.4d (4°C) and 26.7 d (0.5°C) and were not significantly different. These results indicate that a quarantine protocol of fumigation with 24 gm-3 methyl bromide for 2 h, followed by cold storage between 0.5°C and 4°C for 25 d, provides a high level of quarantine security.
Certificateless Public-key Authenticate Encryption with Keyword Search Revised: MCI and MTP

Boneh et al proposed the cryptographic primitive public key encryption with keyword search (PEKS) to search on encrypted data without exposing the privacy of the keyword. Most standard PEKS schemes are vulnerable to inside keyword guessing attacks (KGA), i.e., a malicious server may generate a ciphertext by its own and then to guess the keyword of the trapdoor by testing. Huang et al. solved this problem by proposing the public-key authenticated encryption with keyword search (PAEKS) achieving single trapdoor privacy (TP). Qin et al. de-ﬁned notion of multi-ciphertext indistinguishability (MCI) security and multi-trapdoor privacy (MTP) security, and proposed the ﬁrst PAEKS scheme with MCI and TP.
Study About Targeted Leverage Determinant Behavior and Speed of Adjustment in Secondary and Tertiary Sectors in Indonesia Stock Exchange

This research aims to look at the behavior of capital structure determinants derived from corporate and macroeconomic characteristics and determinants of speed of adjustment based on company characteristics in the secondary and tertiary sectors. The research methodology uses dynamic panel data and is analyzed using the GMM (General Method of Moment) approach to obtain consistent and non-bias estimators. The results of the analysis showed that the company's characteristics variables: profitability, size, growth opportunity, tangibility, and business risk; Macroeconomic variables: economic growth, interest rates, and inflation have a significant effect on leverage. Based on the speed of adjustment (SOA) secondary and primary sectors, follow the Dynamic Trade-Off Theory. The effect of determinants of speed adjustment between secondary sectors is not the same as tertiary sectors. The research findings are profitability variable, the secondary sector consistently applies the Pecking Order Theory, whereas the tertiary sector is only in the short term. There is an effect of size (size effect) and growth opportunity (growth opportunity effect) both in the secondary sector and the tertiary sector. Keywords—capital structure, determinant, the speed of adjustment
Linguistics Vanguard

Repetition avoidance, one characteristic of human cognition, affects human behaviour to a great extent. The present study aims to extend the understanding of repetition avoidance to sentence comprehension in Korean, a language typologically different from the major languages that have been investigated for this issue. I measured the degree of acceptability and reaction times for two types of multiple postposition constructions in Korean, each of which has two grammatical patterns involving postposition alternations (dative-accusative and accusative-accusative for the dative construction; topic-nominative and nominativenominative for the double subject construction). Results showed that the patterns involving repetition of postpositions were dispreferred over those without the repetition, and that by-pattern reaction times within each construction type were modulated by the postposition types repeated in the patterns. The findings of this study support the role of repetition avoidance for sentence comprehension in Korean (and perhaps beyond), and suggest an interplay between a domain-general factor (repetition avoidance) and language-specific knowledge (postpositions).
Interferon‐γ Modulates Human Oligodendrocyte Susceptibility To Fas‐Mediated Apoptosis

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) has been shown to be produced within multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions by infiltrating lymphocytes; systemic administration of this cytokine induces exacerbation of the disease. The aim of the current study was to establish the contribution of IFN-γ to oligodendrocyte (OL) injury. Our studies utilized cultured human OLs, obtained by dissociation of surgically derived non-MS adult brain tissue. Neither cell survival nor myelin basic protein (MBP) gene expression were affected after 96 hours of treatment with IFN-γ (100 U/ml), as assessed by LDH release, nucleosome enrichment assay, and RT-PCR. Expression of the death receptor Fas (CD95, APO-1) was, however, significantly increased. Furthermore, IFN-γ-treated OLs became susceptible to Fas-mediated apoptosis when compared with untreated cells, and were protected by pretreatment with the caspase inhibitor ZVAD. TNF-α augmented the IFN-γ-induced effect. Our results thus indicate that IFN-γ is not directly cytotoxic for human OLs in culture, but could indirectly modulate functional injury-related responses by upregulating Fas on the cell surface.
The relationship between NFκβ-p65 and PGE2 gene expression in osteoarthritis synoviocyte cells after mesenchymal stem cell Wharton Jelly Treatment

The genes involved in cartilage degradation in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis ( OA) are the Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta (NFĸβ) gene, which plays a vital role in modulating cartilage damage involving activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). This pure experimental research aimed at analyzing the relationship between the expression of NFĸβ genes after administration of mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritis synoviocytes in vitro from Wharton's Jelly (WJ-MSCs). The samples were isolated from synovial tissues of patients with osteoarthritis who underwent Total Knee Replacement (TKR) surgery and then divided into six treatment groups, each with four replicates. Groups I and II were the synoviocyte-control classes of 24h and 48h (synoviocytes, incubated for 24 and 48 hours respectively). Groups III and IV were control groups of 24h and 48h WJ-MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells derived from the Wharton's Jelly, incubated for 24 and 48 hours respectively). Finally, Groups V and VI were the 24-hour and 48-hour co-cultural treatment groups (synoviocyte co-culture and WJ-MSCs, Incubated, for 24 and 48 hours respectively). Using qPCR, PGE2 gene and NF NFκβ gene expressions were observed in each population. Tests showed 0.61 and 0.61, respectively, after the administration of WJ-MSCs, the expressions of the NFκβ-p65 and PGE2 genes in the 24h classes. In the 48h group, meanwhile, both numbers fell to 0.15 and 0.47, respectively. These indicate a strong correlation between the NFκβ-p65 gene and PGE2 gene expressions in OA synovial cells after the administration of MSC-WJ (r = 0.903).
Food Habits of the California Gull in Utah

The California Gull (Lurus califurnicus) is generally revered in Utah for its well known role during pioneer times in helping to save the crops of the first settlers of Great Salt Lake Valley from crickets. Subsequently an interesting social taboo developed whereby the bird was rarely killed (Young, 1928). The famous Seagull Monument, erected on the Temple grounds at Salt Lake City to commemorate the role of the gull, has helped to keep the taboo alive. The first change in local feelings toward the gulls came with complaints against them because of their depredations on cherry crops in Davis County (Cottam, 193 5 ; Sugden, 193 7 ) . Similar charges have come from Boxelder and Utah counties. These birds have long been known to nest on several islands in Great Salt Lake (Behle, 1935,1949). New colonies of gulls have of recent years been established at three waterfowl refuges on the east side of Great Salt Lake, namely Farmington Bay, Ogden Bay, and the Bear River Refuge. This has brought them in close contact with nesting waterfowl and the gulls are being accused of predations on ducks. With attention being focused on these new problems, it seemed desirable to make a general study of the food habits of the California Gull. Little specific information was on record. Kalmbach (1914: 6) reported on the contents of five stomachs and Cottam and-Williams ( 1939: 153 ) listed the contents of six stomachs of birds taken in the Great Salt Lake region but these were small samples. Accordingly a study was started by the writer in 1940. This was interrupted by the war but was resumed in June of 1946 when arrangements were made with the personnel at Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge to spend the summer working on the refuge and at the laboratory of the research division at the refuge headquarters. In addition to field observations, food items in the stomachs of California Gulls previously collected on the refuge were identified and further samples were taken. The results are presented here supplemented with occasional notes from the literature and interviews with farmers. Thanks are due William H. Behle of the University of Utah for guidance in this study. I am indebted to several men at the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge: Cecil Williams and Vanez Wilson were generous in providing facilities for me in 1946; Cecil Williams, Charles Sperry, Hortin Jensen, and Ralph Hervey were helpful in giving advice, collecting, and identifying food items. In my initial collecting around Salt Lake City I was helped by Jack Berryman, Rex Edward, Dan Gardiner, and Nathan Riser to whom I also express my thanks.
Notes on the biology, parasites, and inquilines of Pontania pacifica (Hymenoptera : Tenthredinidae), a leaf-gall incitant on Salix lasiolepis

During its 5 (males) or 6 (females) larval instars Pontania pacifica Marlatt develops in a gall in the leaves of Salix lasiolepis Bentham. The last-instar larva molts into the prepupa, which emerges from the gall and drops to the ground where it spins the cocoon in which pupation occurs. The gall is the result of hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the mesophyll in the young leaves. This process is probably the response of the plant to mechanical destruction of the cells during oviposition by the sawfly, and to the specific action of the colleterial secretion injected into the wound with the egg. The presence of egg or larva is not essential for formation of a typical gall, whose size and shape depend on the growth rate of the leaf. The sawfly larva and the gall form the nucleus for a community composed of both entomophagous and phytophagous species. The ichneumonids Lathrostizus euurae (Ashmead) and Scambus vcsicarius cnurae (Ashmead) are parasitic on the sawfly larvae. The eurytomid Eurytoma sp. feeds as a larva on the gall tissues, but as a parameter in the population dynamics of the sawfly it has the effect of a parasitoid; Eurytoma sp. is parasitized by the pteromalid Habrocytus borrowi Girault. The cosmopterygid Batrachedra salicipomonella Clemens and the curculionid Anthonomus sycophanta Walsh are inquilines, feeding as larvae on the gall tissues and frequently destroying the gall inhabitant. B. salicipomonella is parasitized by a braconid, Chelonus (Microchelonus) sp. , and by an ichneumonid, Pimplopterus sp. The development of the gall is described, and descriptions are given for various life-history stages of P. pacifica, L. euurae, S. v. euurae, B. salicipomonella, and A. sycophanta, together with observations on their biology.
Liquefaction Analysis using Shear Wave Velocity

The Andrus and Stokoe curves developed based on shear wave velocity case history databases, are the most widely used in the context of the Seed and Idriss simplified procedure as a deterministic model. Theses curves were developed from the database according to the calculate cyclic stress ratio (CSR) proposed by Seed and Idriss in 1971 with the assumption that the dynamic cyclic shear stress (τ d ) is always less than the simplified cyclic shear stress (τ r ) deduced by Seed and Idriss based on their simplifying hypotheses (r d = τ d / τ r 1. In this paper, we will present a probabilistic study based on the Bayesian method for the evaluation of the liquefaction potential of a soil deposit using a case history database based on shear wave velocity measurement. The result of this analysis shows that by using the corrected version of the simplified method, the boundary curve is moved to a new position. Then, the objective of this study is to present an adjusted mathematical model which characterizes the new position of the boundary curve (CRR) and a new formulation for computing the probability of liquefaction based on the probabilistic shape of the CRR curves using the corrected and the original version of the simplified method.
Molecular studies on signal transduction in Plasmodium falciparum

The World Health Organisation estimates that more than 40% of the world's population is at risk of malaria infection, and that between 250400 million people live in areas where malaria is endemic. Neither drug administration nor vector control has fulfilled early hopes that malaria eradication might be possible. Instead insecticide and drug resistance have become worse problems in malarious areas. A greater understanding of the genetics and molecular biology of the parasite is therefore needed in order to develop novel chemotherapeutic, and possibly vaccine based, control strategies. One aspect of the parasite's biology which is both poorly understood and represents a potential target for anti-parasite intervention is the regulation of the cell cycle during intracellular development. The research outlined in this thesis was primarily designed to study certain genes and their encoded proteins which regulate the development of the malaria parasite, Piasmodiumfalciparum, through its intra-erythrocytic life cycle. The work has involved molecular cloning and characterisation of a P. falciparum homologue of the ras-related nuclear GTP-binding protein, RanITC4. This protein has been shown to play a key role in control of the cell cycle in mammalian and yeast systems. in this work, the homologous P. falciparum gene, pfran, has been cloned and characterised. Its predicted protein product is 214 amino acids long and contains consensus motifs found in the Ras superfamily. The expression of a 1.5 kb pfran transcript has been found to change during the cell cycle, reaching a peak at the trophozoite and schizont stages. Western blotting and immunoprecipitation using a polyclonal antiserum raised against the expressed protein have shown that pfran encodes a protein 27 kDa in size. Immunofluorescence assays have shown that pfran is localised in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of the parasite. Some experiments were undertaken to express pfran in yeast which had only limited success. Ran/TC4 is proposed to function in conjunction with the chromatin-binding protein RCC1, (regulator of chromosome condensation), to couple completion of DNA synthesis with initiation of mitosis. In response to completion of DNA synthesis Ran-RCC1 complex activate the cyclin-p34 CDC2 complex which initiate entry into mitosis. To understand better the regulation of the cell cycle in malaria parasites, and the role of Ran in this process, the P. falciparum homologue of the RCC 1 has been cloned and partially sequenced. Expression of this gene and its possible association with pfran have been studied. The implications of these findings are discussed in the thesis.