Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
System and Analog Front-End Design for Wireless Optogenetics and Marine Mammal Science

System and Analog Front-End Design for Wireless Optogenetics and Marine Mammal Science Luis M. Perez Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Dr. Brian Otis Electrical Engineering The first part of this thesis will present a low-noise, low-power Analog Front-End (AFE) for acoustic and ocean pressure detection used in marine mammal science applications. First, the design of a test chip consisting of three AFE variations with a common twostage amplifier will be analyzed. The primary goal for the first iteration chip was to explore tradeo↵s between noise and power as well as to perform basic interfacing with a hydrophone sensor; this in preparation for the second iteration system. The measured test results of this fabricated chip are discussed in detail. Second, a deployable system built upon the test chip and improved with several features such as power-gating, variable gain, and frequency scaling will be presented. This system includes digitization of sonar and pressure signals through an 8-bit successive approximation ADC. An SPI interface was added to the design in order to be compatible with a System-on-Chip developed by a collaborative team from the University of Virginia. In the second part of this work, a system for wireless optogenetics will be presented. First, an overview of the optogenetics science will be covered, as well as a brief description of the state-of-the-art stimulation systems used in this field. Next, a high-level overview of the proposed system will be presented followed by a detailed description of the main blocks. The last section will contain applicable metric measurements and the results obtained from an in-vivo experiment conducted using our system.
Partial Reconfiguration Exploration Over P2IP Architecture

PIP is a real-time image and video processing architecture featuring reconfigurable runtime capabilities, low latency and high performance. However, low energy consumption and battery life are crucial when targeting portable devices. In some applications, not all processing elements are in use representing a power leak that a Partial Reconfiguration (PR) strategy could mitigate. To assess its impact, three image processing algorithms have been deployed in a variant of this architecture implemented in an FPGA. Measurements show that use of PR leads to energy savings of up to 45%. Streszczenie. PIP jest metoda przetwarzania obrazu i video w czasie rzeczywistym z dobrą jakością i małym opóźnieniem. W celu zmniejszenia poboru mocy opracowano strategię Partial Reconfiuguration PR oraz opracowano architekturę wykorzystując FPGA. Wykorzystanie strategii Partial Reconfiguration w architekturze PIP()
Blockage Corrections for Tidal Turbines—Application to an Array of Turbines in the Alderney Race

Tidal turbines are located in shallow water depths in comparison to their dimensions (15 m-diameter turbines in 40 m depths, typically). Constrained vertically by the water depth and laterally by neighbouring turbines, the flow within a tidal farm is subjected to blockage effects that influence the performance of individual devices. The Betz limit (which is the maximum power extractable from an unconstrained flow) can, therefore, be exceeded as demonstrated by Garrett and Cummins. Thus, beyond a significant blockage ratio, blockage effects should be considered when assessing the energy production of a tidal farm. The actuator disk method is particularly suited to simulate the flow field within an array of turbines under realistic tidal flow conditions. However, the implementation of actuator disks in coastal numerical models relies on relationships that neglect the blockage effects on the thrust and power of devices. We propose here an actuator disk formulation corrected to integrate these effects. This modified formulation, based on the model of Whelan et al., is integrated into a regional implementation of a three-dimensional model Telemac3D targeted towards the Alderney Race (English Channel). The method is applied to two hypothetical tidal farms with aligned and staggered arrangements, respectively. Blockage corrections of the thrust and power coefficients are found to have counterbalanced effects on the array production. Thrust correction results in a noticeable flow reduction within the array. However, the associated decrease of the array production is counterbalanced by the increase of the turbine power coefficient. Blockage corrections were, therefore, found to result in a slight increase, by 3%, of the array production over a mean spring tidal cycle.
A Spectrum of Convective Self‐Aggregation Based on Background Rotation

High‐resolution modeling reveals a tendency for deep convection to spontaneously self‐aggregate from radiative‐convective equilibrium. Self‐aggregated convection takes different forms in nonrotating versus rotating environments, including tropical cyclones (TCs) in the latter. This suggests that self‐aggregation (SA), and the relative roles of the mechanisms that cause it, may undergo a gradual regime shift as the ambient rotation changes. We address this hypothesis using 31 cloud‐resolving model simulations on f‐planes corresponding to latitudes between 0.1° and 20°, spanning a range of weakly rotating environments largely unexplored in prior literature. Simulations are classified into three groups. The first (low‐f, 0.1°–5°) is characterized by the growth of several dry patches. Surface enthalpy flux feedbacks dominate in this initial growth phase, followed by radiative (primarily cloud longwave) effects. Eventually, convection takes the form of either a nonrotating band or a quasi‐circular cluster. In contrast, the 9°–20° (high‐f) group dries less rapidly in early stages, though enhanced surface flux effects form a moist anomaly that undergoes TC genesis. The TC then acts to dry the remainder of the domain. Finally, a set of 6°–8° (medium‐f) simulations fails to fully self‐aggregate, producing convection across most of the domain through the full 100‐day simulation. The combination of relatively weak diabatic feedbacks and a negative advective feedback prevents SA from completing in this group. The advective feedback becomes more negative with increasing rotation, but high‐f simulations compensate by having sufficiently strong surface flux feedbacks to support TC genesis.
Icing Diagnosis Model for Wind Turbine Blade Based on Feature Optimization and 1D-Convolutional Neural Network

Wind turbines located in high humidity and high altitude areas are often accompanied by blade icing that is adverse to operating efficiency and even causes safety accidents. Early identification of blade icing will help improve the operating efficiency of the unit. This paper proposes an icing diagnosis method for wind turbine blade based on feature optimization and one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN). Firstly, feature optimization is achieved by feature selection and feature reconstruction. The XGBoost algorithm is used to calculate the importance of each feature and select the features comprehensively that reflect blade icing. Secondly, the important features related to blade icing are reconstructed by using the deviation principle to extract the deviation information of features accurately when blades ice. Finally, the features screened by XGBoost and the reconstructed features are combined into the final feature set as the input of the 1D-CNN, which takes into account the temporal and spatial characteristics of data, to diagnose the icing state of blades. The method is validated on the data set collected from a real wind farm. The experimental results show that the proposed icing diagnosis method for wind turbine blade is superior to the traditional deep learning methods, which is favorable to improve the efficiency of wind turbine operation and maintenance.
Influences of Rural Heritage on Resident Participation in Community Activities: A Case Study of the Villages of Jeoji-ri and Handong-ri on Jeju Island, South Korea

Background and objective: Recent research on cultural heritage has highlighted resident participation as an ideal method of managing local cultural heritages. However, many studies have raised questions about the practicality of this approach. This research undertook case studies of Jeoji-ri and Handong-ri on Jeju Island, South Korea focusing on how resident participation increases based on the related stakeholders, local heritages (natural, tangible and intangible cultural heritages) and social capital (trust and networking). Methods: Sixty-one completed questionnaires were collected from adult residents of both villages (28 from Jeoji-ri and 33 from Handong-ri), and the resulting quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the R programming language. In addition, two semi-structured interviews were undertaken with the leaders of each village, and the resulting qualitative data were analysed thematically.Results: The study found that the village leaders of Handong-ri and Jeoji-ri successfully encouraged trust and participation among village residents, suggesting that resident participation is largely influenced by the relevant stakeholders and the social capital of residents. Networking and intangible cultural heritages, such as rituals or village oral traditions, positively influence resident participation.Conclusion: This study suggests that the active utilisation of intangible cultural heritages and the networks developed by cooperating with essential stakeholders are vital for encouraging resident participation.
SIPEBI: A Model of Cultural Edutainment Web Portal as a Medium for Students’ Self-Directed-Learning and Alternative Assessment

As the growth of e-learning, students centric learning were adopt to explore more on student directed learning especially in early years learner. On subject such as Science, Math and English have a various website or portal which can accommodate the learner desired to learn more with the subject he or she choose in an interactive and fun way in gaining learning experience. The website and portal also give the teachers an alternative way to teach and assess the students regarding that subject in an interactive and fun way. But there were no web portal that designated for social and cultural study, especially for local content. So the students have no alternative way to learn our culture and the teacher also doesn’t have any alternative way to teach and asses the students for this subject. To solve this problem, this research is experimenting in creating an interactive cultural edutainment web portal called Surya Iconic PusatEdukasiBudaya Indonesia (SIPEBI) that can be used by the student or teacher as a pre-elementary study. The method that we use is an explanatory with an experimental approach by designing and creating a web portal. Result of this research is the creation of cultural edutainment web portal that can accommodate students’ self-directed learning and teachers’ alternative way to teach and assess students’ knowledge on cultural study by exploring the website
A 10-Bit 1280 × 720 Micro-LED Display Driver With 2-Transistor Pixel Circuits and Current-Mode Pulse Width Modulation

This study proposes a 1280 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 720 micro-LED display driver with 10-bit current-mode pulse width modulation. A two-transistor pixel circuit and a precharge scheme are proposed. A 1280 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 720 micro-LED display driver with 3969 pixels per inch was fabricated using standard 0.18-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS technology. The measured maximal DNL and INL values were 0.33 and 1 LSB, respectively. A 1280 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 720 common-cathode micro-LED array was bonded on the display driver chip; hence, the feasibility of the display driver was verified. The display was successfully lit up at a 90-Hz frame rate and a power consumption of 76.3 mW.
Screening of Maize Genotypes against Maize Leaf Aphid [Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch)] under Field Condition at Chitwan, Nepal

Thirty maize genotypes including five hybrids, eight quality protein (QPM) and seventeen full season open pollinated (OP) were screened for their resistance against maize leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch) at the research field of National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during the year 2019 and 2020. The design of the experiment was randomized incomplete block with three replications. The plot size was 2 rows of 5 m long with the spacing of 60 cm × 25 cm. The recommended dose of fertilizer for full season OP and QPM were 120:60:40 and for hybrid maize 180:60:40 N: P2O5:K2O kg/ha with farmyard manure 10 t/ha and seed rate was 20 kg/ha. Data on aphid incidence, severity, yield and yield components were recorded. Maize hybrids RML-95/RML-96 (18%) and Rampur Hybrid-10 (22%), two quality protein maize (QPM) S00TLYQ-AB (22%) and S99TLYQ-A (23%) and two full season OP genotypes TLBRS07F16 (24%) and ZM 627 (26%) were less susceptible to aphid infestation and resulted in higher grain yield. The findings could aid in the selection of maize genotypes for the development of aphid resistant and high-yielding maize varieties.
Diabetic Retinopathy as a Predictor of Angiographic Coronary Atherosclerosis Severity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most prevalent consequences of diabetes mellitus (DM). Much emphasis has been focused on the link between DR and cardiovascular disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, there is little information about the relation between the degree of DR and coronary atherosclerosis severity in Egyptian patients. Aim To assess the correlation between the degree of DR and the coronary atherosclerosis severity in T2DM. Patients and Methods This work included 140 diabetic patients with T2DM who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography because of suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). All participants were evaluated by history, fundus assessment, laboratory tests (lipid profile and glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]), and selective coronary angiography. The severity of coronary artery lesion was detected by Gensini score and vessel score. Results Patients with DR had a significantly higher Gensini score (67.86± 44.56 versus 5.93± 9.02, P < 0.001) and a vessel score (2.29± 0.86 versus 0.50± 0.66, P < 0.001). There was a significant relation between the degree of DR, Gensini score (P < 0.001), and vessel score (P < 0.001), as both scores increased according to the severity of DR. The presence and degree of retinopathy were the only independent factors linked to the severity score in multivariate linear regression analyses (P < 0.001). Conclusion The presence and degree of DR are independent predictors of severe coronary atherosclerosis. Therefore, when evaluating whether a patient with T2DM is at high risk for CAD, the DR degree should be taken into consideration.
Gaze Control for Active Visual SLAM via Panoramic Cost Map

In this work, we aim to improve the positioning accuracy of the visual simultaneous localization and mapping (VSLAM) through actively controlling the gaze of the positioning camera mounted on an autonomous guided vehicle (AGV). A panoramic cost map (PCM)-based gaze control method (PGC) is proposed for the active VSLAM. Different from traditional method, a panoramic camera is added beside the positioning camera to aid the gaze control of the positioning camera. The panoramic camera is used to perceive the environment and evaluate the potential performance of each available orientation of the positioning camera. The evaluation of all the available orientations will make up a panoramic cost map. The cost map is then used to help the gaze control method to select an optimal target gaze for the positioning camera. In the calculation of the panoramic cost map, the effective factors of the VSLAM, such as feature points and moving objects, are taken into consideration. In the gaze control method, we also take into consideration of errors of the system, the time delay of the proposed method, and the velocity of the AGV. The test results in different scenes with different VSLAM algorithms show that the proposed method can improve the positioning accuracy of all the tested VSLAM algorithms compared to fixed camera gaze.
ALL-TEXTILE ON-BODY METASURFACE ANTENNA

|In this work, a novel all-textile washable metasurface antenna is designed for WBAN/WLAN and mid-band 5G applications. Metasurface antenna is obtained by implanting SRR (Split Ring Resonator) metamaterials that show left-hand characteristics to the patch plane. The metamaterial arrays consisting of 4 (cid:2) 1 and 4 (cid:2) 2 SRRs are placed to lateral sides of a circular patch. The performance of the antenna is veri(cid:12)ed by a full-wave electromagnetic analysis tool. The results show that metamaterial arrays signi(cid:12)cantly increase gain and eﬃciency values of the circular patch antenna. Metasurface antenna consisting of 4 (cid:2) 2 array of metamaterials increases the eﬃciency from 74% to 94.5% and the antenna gain from 6.81 dBi to 9.43 dBi. Performance of the antenna is observed on conformal surfaces, as well. An analysis is carried out to calculate the peak speci(cid:12)c absorption rate on an arm phantom. Patterns of vertically bended antenna in (cid:31) =0 ◦ and 90 ◦ planes and low SAR values up to 30 dBm input power proved suitability of the metasurface antennas for on-body applications. The antennas are fabricated by using standard textile manufacturing techniques. It was con(cid:12)rmed by the measurement results that the metasurface formed by the linear SRR arrays increases the antenna gain. With its low cost, fabrication with standard oﬀ-the-shelf parts, high gain, and eﬃciency features, the proposed antenna can be used in wireless body area networks and 5G applications.
High-Fat Diet Impairs Muscle Function and Increases the Risk of Environmental Heatstroke in Mice

Environmental heat-stroke (HS) is a life-threatening response often triggered by hot and humid weather. Several lines of evidence indicate that HS is caused by excessive heat production in skeletal muscle, which in turn is the result of abnormal Ca2+ leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and excessive production of oxidative species of oxygen and nitrogen. As a high fat diet is known to increase oxidative stress, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of 3 months of high-fat diet (HFD) on the HS susceptibility of wild type (WT) mice. HS susceptibility was tested in an environmental chamber where 4 months old WT mice were exposed to heat stress (41 °C for 1 h). In comparison with mice fed with a regular diet, mice fed with HFD showed: (a) increased body weight and accumulation of adipose tissue; (b) elevated oxidative stress in skeletal muscles; (c) increased heat generation and oxygen consumption during exposure to heat stress; and finally, (d) enhanced sensitivity to both temperature and caffeine of isolated muscles during in-vitro contracture test. These data (a) suggest that HFD predisposes WT mice to heat stress and (b) could have implications for guidelines regarding food intake during periods of intense environmental heat.
Sparse Representation Classifier Guided Grassmann Reconstruction Metric Learning With Applications to Image Set Analysis

Modeling a sequence of video frames as a linear subspace on Grassmann manifold has recently become increasingly attractive in multiple computer vision applications. The success of such algorithms largely depends on a good distance measure, and learning an appropriate metric on Grassmann manifold remains a key challenge. Existing works address this by learning a discriminative mapping from the original Grassmann manifold to Hilbert space or a lower-dimensional, more discriminative Grassmann manifold. However, these approaches always highly rely on nearest neighbor matching of samples on the projected space, which is sensitive to noises and errors. Different from them, this paper proposes a Grassmann Reconstruction Metric Learning (GRML) algorithm guided by sparse representation-based classifier (SRC) for image set classification. SRC selects the coefficients associated with each class to reconstruct training samples, and then we employ it as a criterion to direct the design of a discriminant metric on Grassmann manifold. Specifically, GRML attempts to jointly maximize the inter-class reconstruction residual and minimize the intra-class reconstruction residual in the lower but more discriminative Grassmann manifold. To further explore the intrinsic geometry distance, we present a Grassmann Reconstruction Multiple Kernel Metric Learning (GRMKML) algorithm, which aims to jointly learn a metric and the corresponding kernel from a family of kernels for Grassmann manifold. Extensive experiments on eight benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithms perform favorably against the state-of-the-art methods.
Optimal transmission power determination to increase energy efficiency of large-scale MIMO antenna systems

Abstract Large-scale (LS) MIMO antenna systems use excessive amount of TX antennas and serve limited number of users to make very high channel gain, and it is obvious that the channel gain increases spectral efficiency of the system. The transmission power of LS-MIMO systems also can be reduced from the increment of channel gain to increase energy efficiency (EE). In this situation, a determination of transmission power which is reduced from total available transmission power can be an important scheme to achieve high EE. This paper proposes a determination scheme of the EE optimum transmission power for LS-MIMO systems. The approximated optimum transmission power is derived analytically as a closed-form function based on various parameters, such as number of TX antennas, number of users, system bandwidth, interference, and so on. Using the closed-form function with the measurable parameters, we can easily get the optimum EE transmission power in real-time. The effectiveness of proposed scheme is validated with numerical simulations. According to the results, the proposed scheme can significantly increase the EE with fairly small loss of channel capacity, compared with ordinary LS-MIMO systems.
Re-theorizing the progress of women in policing: An alternative perspective from the Global South

Women’s entry into policing, a traditionally masculine occupation, has been theorized almost entirely through a liberal feminist theoretical lens where equality with men is the end target. From this theoretical viewpoint, women’s police stations in the Global South established specifically to respond to gender violence have been conceptualized as relics from the past. We argue that this approach is based on a global epistemology that privileges the Global North as the normative benchmark from which to define progress. Framed by southern criminology, we offer an alternative way of theorizing the progress of women in policing using women’s police stations that emerged in Latin America in the 1980s, specifically those in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.