Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal Proteins That Are Phosphoregulated upon Egg Activation Include Crucial Factors for Oogenesis, Egg Activation and Embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster

Egg activation is essential for the successful transition from a mature oocyte to a developmentally competent egg. It consists of a series of events including the resumption and completion of meiosis, initiation of translation of some maternal mRNAs and destruction of others, and changes to the vitelline envelope. This major change of cell state is accompanied by large scale alteration in the oocyte’s phosphoproteome. We hypothesize that the cohort of proteins that are subject to phosphoregulation during egg activation are functionally important for processes before, during, or soon after this transition, potentially uniquely or as proteins carrying out essential cellular functions like those they do in other (somatic) cells. In this study, we used germline-specific RNAi to examine the function of 189 maternal proteins that are phosphoregulated during egg activation in Drosophila melanogaster. We identified 53 genes whose knockdown reduced or abolished egg production and caused a range of defects in ovarian morphology, as well as 51 genes whose knockdown led to significant impairment or abolishment of the egg hatchability. We observed different stages of developmental arrest in the embryos and various defects in spindle morphology and aberrant centrosome activities in the early arrested embryos. Our results, validated by the detection of multiple genes with previously-documented maternal effect phenotypes among the proteins we tested, revealed 15 genes with newly discovered roles in egg activation and early embryogenesis in Drosophila. Given that protein phosphoregulation is a conserved characteristic of this developmental transition, we suggest that the phosphoregulated proteins may provide a rich pool of candidates for the identification of important players in the egg-to-embryo transition.
A Novel Method for Estimating Free Space 3D Point-of-Regard Using Pupillary Reflex and Line-of-Sight Convergence Points

In this paper, a novel 3D gaze estimation method for a wearable gaze tracking device is proposed. This method is based on the pupillary accommodation reflex of human vision. Firstly, a 3D gaze measurement model is built. By uniting the line-of-sight convergence point and the size of the pupil, this model can be used to measure the 3D Point-of-Regard in free space. Secondly, a gaze tracking device is described. By using four cameras and semi-transparent mirrors, the gaze tracking device can accurately extract the spatial coordinates of the pupil and eye corner of the human eye from images. Thirdly, a simple calibration process of the measuring system is proposed. This method can be sketched as follows: (1) each eye is imaged by a pair of binocular stereo cameras, and the setting of semi-transparent mirrors can support a better field of view; (2) the spatial coordinates of the pupil center and the inner corner of the eye in the images of the stereo cameras are extracted, and the pupil size is calculated with the features of the gaze estimation method; (3) the pupil size and the line-of-sight convergence point when watching the calibration target at different distances are computed, and the parameters of the gaze estimation model are determined. Fourthly, an algorithm for searching the line-of-sight convergence point is proposed, and the 3D Point-of-Regard is estimated by using the obtained line-of-sight measurement model. Three groups of experiments were conducted to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. This approach enables people to obtain the spatial coordinates of the Point-of-Regard in free space, which has great potential in the application of wearable devices.
Analysis of risk factors for stage I lung adenocarcinoma using low-dose high-resolution computed tomography

Risk factors for stage I lung adenocarcinoma were analyzed using low-dose high-resolution computed tomography (CT). The patients were divided into case group (stage I lung adenocarcinoma patients) and control group (benign pulmonary nodules patients). All patients were subjected to low-dose high-resolution CT. Multiple linear regression was performed to analyze the CT imaging features of the two groups. Stage I lung adenocarcinoma patients were significantly associated with nodular site (X3, upper left lobe) [95% CI (1.796, 54.695), p=0.008], nodule type (X4) (p<0.001), nodule size (X5) [95% CI (0.614, 0.803), p<0.001], spicule sign (X7) [95% CI (0.029, 0.580), p=0.008], lobulation sign (X8) [95% CI (0.048, 0.673), p=0.011]. The stepwise regression equation is: Logistic (p) =−12.009 + 2.294X3 - 0.327X4 - 0.354X5 - 2.042X7 - 1.713X8. Risk factors of low-dose and high-resolution CT imaging for patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma are nodular site (upper left lobe), nodule type, nodule size, spicule sign, and lobulation sign.
Nuclear Power Systems for Spacecraft

A review and comparison of the weights, sizes, and costs of nuclear and non-nuclear spacecraft power systems is presented and discussed. Nuclear power systems include the range below 10 kW, with an electrical output to weight ratio of 0.5 to 1.0 pounds per watt. Comparisons show that primary batteries are lighter for short-duration missions of a few hours; fuel cells are lighter for durations of one to two months; and solar-cell/secondary battery combinations are to be preferred when sunlight is adequate.
LifeChair: A Conductive Fabric Sensor-Based Smart Cushion for Actively Shaping Sitting Posture

The LifeChair is a smart cushion that provides vibrotactile feedback by actively sensing and classifying sitting postures to encourage upright posture and reduce slouching. The key component of the LifeChair is our novel conductive fabric pressure sensing array. Fabric sensors have been explored in the past, but a full sensing solution for embedded real world use has not been proposed. We have designed our system with commercial use in mind, and as a result, it has a high focus on manufacturability, cost-effectiveness and adaptiveness. We demonstrate the performance of our fabric sensing system by installing it into the LifeChair and comparing its posture detection accuracy with our previous study that implemented a conventional flexible printed PCB-sensing system. In this study, it is shown that the LifeChair can detect all 11 postures across 20 participants with an improved average accuracy of 98.1%, and it demonstrates significantly lower variance when interfacing with different users. We also conduct a performance study with 10 participants to evaluate the effectiveness of the LifeChair device in improving upright posture and reducing slouching. Our performance study demonstrates that the LifeChair is effective in encouraging users to sit upright with an increase of 68.1% in time spent seated upright when vibrotactile feedback is activated.
State of the Art in Selective Dissemination of Information

This paper condenses the results of a detailed survey of 100 SDI systems throughout the world, conducted this year by the American Society for Information Science. The text develops the concept of SDI as a computerized method to provide for the effective flow of technical information among scientific workers. The current status of SDI in university, industrial, and government environments is analyzed and placed in historical perspective, with possible future trends developed particularly those that might affect the form of tomorrow's technical information media.
Recent Developments in Using Drosophila as a Model for Human Genetic Disease

Many insights into human disease have been built on experimental results in Drosophila, and research in fruit flies is often justified on the basis of its predictive value for questions related to human health. Additionally, there is now a growing recognition of the value of Drosophila for the study of rare human genetic diseases, either as a means of validating the causative nature of a candidate genetic variant found in patients, or as a means of obtaining functional information about a novel disease-linked gene when there is little known about it. For these reasons, funders in the US, Europe, and Canada have launched targeted programs to link human geneticists working on discovering new rare disease loci with researchers who work on the counterpart genes in Drosophila and other model organisms. Several of these initiatives are described here, as are a number of output publications that validate this new approach.
Pattern Detection and Recognition

Two types of pattern-processing problems are discussed in this paper. The first, termed "pattern detection," consists of examining an arbitrary set of figures and selecting those having some specified form. The second problem, "pattern recognition," consists of identifying a given figure which is known to belong to one of a finite set of classes. This is the problem encountered when reading alphanumeric characters. Both recognition and detection have been successfully carried out on an IBM 704 computer which was programmed to simulate a spatial computer (a stored-program machine comprised of a master control unit directing a network of logical modules). One of the programs tested consisted of a recognition process for reading hand-lettered sans-serif alphanumeric characters. This process permits large variations in the size, shape, and proportions of the input figures and can tolerate random noise when it is well scattered in small specks. Programs for detecting L-shaped (or A-shaped) figures in the presence of other randomly drawn patterns have also been successfully tested.
Quantifying visual allodynia across migraine subtypes: the Leiden Visual Sensitivity Scale

Abstract Enhanced sensitivity to light (photophobia) and patterns is common in migraine and can be regarded as visual allodynia. We aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to easily quantify sensitivity to light and patterns in large populations, and to assess and compare visual allodynia across different migraine subtypes and states. We developed the Leiden Visual Sensitivity Scale (L-VISS), a 9-item scale (score range 0-36 points), based on literature and patient interviews, and examined its construct validity. Furthermore, we assessed ictal and interictal visual sensitivity in episodic migraine with (n = 67) and without (n = 66) aura and chronic migraine with (n = 20) and without (n = 19) aura, and in healthy controls (n = 86). Differences between migraine subtypes and states were tested using a linear mixed model with 3 fixed factors (episodic/chronic, with/without aura, and ictal/interictal). Test–retest reliability and construct validity of L-VISS were good. Leiden Visual Sensitivity Scale scores correlated in the expected direction with light discomfort (Kendall's &tgr; = −0.25) and pattern glare tests (&tgr; = 0.35). Known-group comparisons confirmed its construct validity. Within migraine subtypes, L-VISS scores were higher in migraine with aura versus without aura and in chronic versus episodic migraine. The linear mixed model showed all factors affected the outcome (P < 0.001). The L-VISS is an easy-to-use scale to quantify and monitor the burden of bothersome visual sensitivity to light and patterns in large populations. There are remarkable ictal and interictal differences in visual allodynia across migraine subtypes, possibly reflecting dynamic differences in cortical excitability.
Alpha-amylase inhibitors from mycelium of an oyster mushroom

Abstract The α-Amylase and α-glucosidase are two main enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. This study was aimed at detecting alpha-amylase inhibitory activity from edible mushroom mycelia. Oyster mushroom was collected from a natural source, from Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) campus and was maintained in vitro in mycelial form. Chloroform, acetone, methanol, and water were used separately for extraction of an active constituent from mycelial cells grown, for 7 days, in potato dextrose broth. The extracts were tested for alpha-amylase inhibitory activity. Chloroform, acetone, and methanol extracts were found to have alpha-amylase inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 1.71, 224, and 383 μg/mL, respectively. Aqueous extract had no enzyme inhibitory activity. The acetone extract inhibited α-amylase non-competitively whereas chloroform extract showed competitive inhibition. Acetone extraction yielded highest total phenolic content (TPC) of 0.524 mM of gallic acid equivalent, whereas chloroform extraction resulted in lowest TPC of 0.006 mM. The HPLC and absorbance maxima of acetone and chloroform extracts suggest that the bioactive component responsible for enzyme inhibition could be glycoproteins in chloroform extract and catechins (flavonoids) in acetone extract. Thus, the mushroom mycelia under study may be exploited for production and purification of a lead compound for the development of the α-amylase inhibitory drug.
Comparison of extraction methods for the characterization of extracellular polymeric substances from aggregates of three biofilm-forming phototrophic microorganisms.

This paper aims to define a robust procedure to extract extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from aggregates of three benthic phototrophic microorganisms: the cyanobacterium Phormidium autumnale, the diatom Nitzschia palea, and the green alga Uronema confervicolum. This study focuses on the extraction efficiency of polysaccharide and protein EPS by using two physical methods (sonication, cation exchange resin) and three chemical methods (formamide, EDTA, Tween 20) with minimum cell lysis. Cell lysis was evaluated by monitoring chlorophyll a release. The results indicated that sonication or incubation of the algae aggregates with 0.25% Tween 20 induced a high level of cell lysis. A combined extraction approach, with an initial dispersing pretreatment (Ultra-Turrax, 13 500 r·min-1, 1 min), followed by formamide addition (0.22%) and then incubation with Dowex cation exchange resin (50 g per g of dry biomass), provided the highest amount of extracted EPS (mostly proteins), with low cell lysis. Furthermore, extracted EPS were characterized by size exclusion chromatography, and the obtained fingerprints revealed similar profiles for the three benthic microorganisms with a majority of low molecular weight polymers (400 to 11 300 Da). However, additional EPS of high (>600 000 Da) and intermediate (20 000 to 80 000 Da) molecular sizes were specifically detected in the diatom extracts.
Some Aspects of Radio Reception at Ultra-High Frequency: Part I. The Antenna and The-Receiver Input Circuits

This paper is in five parts, of which this is the first, and includes material prepared by the authors for a lecture course given during 1941-1942. At ultra-high frequencies the fluctuation noise of tubes and circuits in the receiver is sufficiently greater than antenna noise and other forms of interference so as to limit the reception of weak signals. Signal-to-noise ratio is often one of the chief problems in reception at ultra-high frequencies. The bandwidth of the receiver is also of great importance, both for the determination of the maximum speed at which intelligence can be received and for the determination of the total noise which will be encountered. Circuit and noise bandwidth are not always the same and are distinctly separated in the analyses. Finally, selectivity is a third important aspect of ultra-high-frequency reception. It is shown that the receiving antenna "captures" an amount of the transmitted power which, at a given wavelength, depends only on the directivity. Thus, receiving-antenna design is chiefly concerned with directivity, which determines the maximum signal-to-noise ratio and with bandwidth, or Q, which determines the useful frequency range. The Q of the half-wave dipole is determined by its surge impedance which in turn depends on the ratio of diameter to length of the conductors. The antenna Q is low even for small diameters and is lowered even further by the receiver load. Coupling the antenna to the receiver requires low-loss transmission lines and proper impedance matching.
LAMP: Prompt Layer 7 Attack Mitigation with Programmable Data Planes

While there are various methods to detect application layer attacks or intrusion attempts on an individual end host, it is not efficient to provide all end hosts in the network with heavy-duty defense systems or software firewalls. In this work, we leverage a new concept of programmable data planes, to directly react on alerts raised by a victim and prevent further attacks on the whole network by blocking the attack at the network edge. We call our design LAMP, Layer 7 Attack Mitigation with Programmable data planes. We implemented LAMP using the P4 data plane programming language and evaluated its effectiveness and efficiency in the Behavioral Model (bmv2) environment.
Computers in Automatic Control Systems

Modern automatic feedback-control systems are making increasing use of electronic computers as active controllers. The trend from the use of simple electric circuits and elementary analog devices toward high-speed digital computers (or computers employing both digital and analog devices) is accelerated by 1) the rapidly growing complexity of modern control systems; 2) the increasing importance of self-adaptive control; and 3) the development of optimizing control. Recent applications of computer control include the automatic control of boiler operation in an electric generating station, the adaptive autopilots for piloted aircraft, and the automatic control of load dispatching in electric power distribution.
The Physical Chemistry of Crystal Phosphors

After a historical introduction, a survey is given of the present views regarding the constitution and the preparation of inorganic crystal phosphors. Particular attention is paid to the incorporation of atoms with a valency deviating from that of the atoms of the base material, and to the stabilization of atoms in a particular valency.
A versatile drug delivery system targeting senescent cells

Senescent cells accumulate in multiple aging‐associated diseases, and eliminating these cells has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic approach. Here, we take advantage of the high lysosomal β‐galactosidase activity of senescent cells to design a drug delivery system based on the encapsulation of drugs with galacto‐oligosaccharides. We show that gal‐encapsulated fluorophores are preferentially released within senescent cells in mice. In a model of chemotherapy‐induced senescence, gal‐encapsulated cytotoxic drugs target senescent tumor cells and improve tumor xenograft regression in combination with palbociclib. Moreover, in a model of pulmonary fibrosis in mice, gal‐encapsulated cytotoxics target senescent cells, reducing collagen deposition and restoring pulmonary function. Finally, gal‐encapsulation reduces the toxic side effects of the cytotoxic drugs. Drug delivery into senescent cells opens new diagnostic and therapeutic applications for senescence‐associated disorders.
A Phase-Opposition System of Amplitude Modulation

The increasing economic importance of power efficiency for high-power broadcast stations is illustrated in Fig. 1 showing that some 50 per cent saving is possible. Different known modulation schemes are compared as regards necessary input power, including the recent Chireix and Doherty systems. The influence of rates for electric power is stressed. A so-called "phase-opposition" system is discussed starting with simple circuit theory, first for seriesand then for parallel-tuned circuits. Principally the system is based on the co-operation of two generators; i.e., one "carrier" generator constantly excited, and one "side-band" generator whose excitation is changed 180 degrees in phase according to the phase of modulation. Mean input power is calculated for this system, giving about the same input as good systems for about 30 per cent modulation, but 10 to 25 per cent more power at 100 per cent modulation. The paper is concluded with a consideration of tube characteristics and possible means for obtaining linearity are shown.
Survivability Analysis of Command and Control Communications Networks - Part II

This paper is the second of a two-part study summarizing the results of a research program on the survivability analysis of command and control communication(C^{3})systems. In the first part, we consider the formulation of realistic survivability models and criteria and the fundamental physical problems affecting survivability analysis. In this paper, we first discuss algorithms for deterministic analysis of C3systems to identify bottlenecks and more vulnerable elements in network structure. The problems encountered in probabilistic analysis techniques are then discussed. Finally, an efficient, practical probabilistic survivability analysis procedure is given and an example of its use is presented.
Optical communications in the earth's atmosphere

The main reasons for the present interest in the potentialities of the laser for communication system applications lie in the coherent nature of the radiation and the short wavelength. The property of coherence, as considered in this article, is the ability of an electromagnetic wave to interfere with itself. The phenomenon is characterized by the ability to form a highly collimated beam, which leads to the ability to achieve communications over great distances. However, the perturbing effects of the earth's atmosphere on coherent optical radiation raise a serious obstacle to the use of lasers in earthbound communication systems. Space and interplanetary communications applications appear more promising as atmospheric effects are eliminated.
Stabilized Linear FM Generator

A technique for generating high-linearity chirp (linear FM) signals is presented. It uses a delay line and mixer to sense the slope of the output of a swept oscillator, and the difference from desired slope is fed back to correct the oscillator frequency. The technique also improves the coherence of the oscillator. An analysis is performed of the amount of linearization that can be achieved for three possible loop configurations. Experimental results are presented of tests run on a backward wave oscillator (BWO) operating over a bandwidth of 240 MHz with time duration of 120 μs. The results indicate a linearity corresponding to a phase error (from parabolic) of 30 degrees (peak) and coherence within 5 degrees.
Deep-space optical communications

A major problem in deep-space communication systems is that of obtaining high data rates (of the order of 107 bits per second). This article proposes some design concepts that indicate the probable feasibility of achieving wide-band communications by means of the laser. The example selected here is a hypothetical mission to Venus, chosen because of its great brightness and, hence, high background-noise level. Since no earth satellite relay is assumed, the communication channel includes the atmosphere. The down-link is the one considered because of its high-information-rate requirement.