Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Terrestrial input of herbicides has significant impacts on phytoplankton and bacterioplankton communities in coastal waters

Herbicide use has increased very rapidly worldwide in recent decades, and some of these herbicides eventually enter the ocean. At present, herbicide pollution in the ocean has become a global environmental problem. Here, in a field investigation of 22 commonly used herbicide residues (triazine, phenylurea, and amide) in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, we found that the detection rate of herbicide residues within 100 km from shore was 100%. Notably, triazine herbicides have reached concentrations (up to 12.07 nmol L−1) that can significantly disturb phytoplankton and bacterioplankton communities in microcosm experiments. Under exposure to triazine herbicides at close to their total in situ concentrations, the photosynthesis of the phytoplankton community was significantly inhibited, which was reflected by the significant decrease of Fv/Fm (28.7–63.8%) of the phytoplankton community and dissolved oxygen content (18.1–32.2%) in seawater. Concurrently, the phytoplankton community structure underwent significant changes with the dominant group shifting from diatoms to dinoflagellates, due to the higher atrazine sensitivity of diatoms compared to facultative dinoflagellates. Triazine herbicide also significantly altered the bacterioplankton community structure and inhibited their metabolism of many carbon sources including carbohydrates, amino acids, and carboxylic acids. As phytoplankton and bacterioplankton are closely related, the impact of herbicide on the bacterioplankton community was clearly aggravated by the phytoplankton community. In view of the significance of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton communities in supporting marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles, a continuous increase in herbicide input in the future may seriously affect the stability of coastal oceans.
Exogenous Application of the Polyamine Spermine Delays Natural Leaf Senescence in Wheat Through Protecting Chlorophyll from Degradation and Preventing Oxidative Stress

Senescence is a genetically regulated process that involves decomposition of cellular structures and the mobilization of the products to other plant parts. The progression of developmental senescence in wheat plant under the effect of foliar application with 100 µM of the polyamine spermine (Spm) was studied. Biochemical changes were recorded in the fourth leaf starting from the onset of senescence at 30 day after sowing (DAS) until the end of leaf senescence at 50 DAS. Leaf senescence was delayed in Spm-treated plants through maintaining water content, preventing chlorophyll degradation and enhancement of total soluble sugars, starch accumulation and total protein compared to controls. In addition, reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation were lower in Spm-treated plants than control values. Catalase (CAT) activity was obviously lowered due to Spm-treatment; however, guaiacol peroxidase activity was slightly decreased below the control
Optimization of Hydroperoxide Lyase Production for Recombinant Lipoxygenase Pathway Cascade Application

Cis-3-hexenal and its more stable isomer, trans-2-hexenal, are highly valued chemicals used in the food and perfume industries. They are produced by the plant lipoxygenase pathway, where two enzymes, lipoxygenase (LOX) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPL), are involved. However, the application of this pathway is limited, especially due to the instability of HPL. This enzyme belongs to the cytochrome P450 enzyme family and needs heme as a prosthetic group. Its synthesis must be effectively performed by a host organism in order to produce an active protein. In this work, Pseudomonas aeruginosa LOX was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), and whole cells were used for the synthesis of 13(S)-hydroperoxy-(Z,E,Z)-9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid (13-HPOT) as a substrate for HPL. Expression of Psidium guajava HPL was carried out by recombinant E. coli JM109(DE3) in autoinduction media, and the influence of the addition of heme precursors δ-ALA and FeII+ was studied. Specific activity of whole cells expressing HPL was measured by the direct use of a synthesized 13-HPOT solution (2.94 mM of total hydroperoxides, 75.35% of 13-HPOT (2.22 mM)) and increased 2.6-fold (from 61.78 U·mg−1 to 159.95 U·mg−1) with the addition of 1 mM FeII+ to the autoinduction media. Productivity and activity were further enhanced by an increase in the expression temperature, and a total of 3.30·105 U·dm−3 of culture media was produced in the optimized process.
TEKNIK IMOBILISASI ENZIM SECARA ENTRAPMENT DALAM SINTESIS METIL ESTER BERBAHAN MINYAK JELANTAH

P eningkatan kebutuhan komsumsi energi dunia tentu akan membuat cadangan minyak semakin menipis belakangan ini sehingga wacana renewable energi kian di eksplorasi oleh berbagai pihak, salah satu yang mulai digencarkan adalah biodiesel Namun selama ini, pembuatan biodiesel yang dilakukan secara transesterifikasi dengan reaktan methanol dan katalis basa memiliki banyak kelemahan yaitu terjadinya reaksi penyabunan dan sulit dipisahkan karena katalisnya homogen sehingga saat ini dikembangkanlah enzim sebagai katalis yang memiliki keunggulan dimana memiliki aktivitas spesifik dan mudah dipisahkan karena katalisnya heterogen. Mengingat harga yang mahal maka dilakukanlah imobilisasi dalam matrik agar enzim dapat dipakai berulang dan menghemat biaya dalam sistem kontinyu. Penelitian dimulai dengan mengaktivasi zeolit sebagai matriks support, dilanjutkan dengan imobilisasi enzim dalam zeolit untuk selanjutnya proses sintesa biodiesel pada suhu 37 o C selama 50 jam 150 rpm dengan rektan metil asetat. Setelah biodiesel dihasilkan maka dilakukan uji analisa secara kuantitatif dengan HPLC dan kualitatif serta uji performa.Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan minyak jelantah : metil asetat sebesar 1:12 dengan kompossisi enzim 3% akan menghasilkan biodiesel dengan konsentrasi 4,35 mol/t. Kata kunci : Biodiesel, Imobilisasi enzim, Metil Asetat, Minyak jelantah.
Note: Evaluating a negotiation–production system through Markov chains

The note describes a method for modelling a negotiation–production manufacturing system, which is an abstraction of the behaviour of make-to-order companies participating in business-to-business (B2B) trading networks. The model may be used in order to evaluate both the profitability of their overall negotiation practice and that of specific incoming orders. The negotiation–production system is modelled using continuous-time Markov chains (CTMC). Long-run analysis of the Markov chain is used to evaluate overall negotiation practice, while transient analysis is used to evaluate individual orders.
The Association Between Habitual Sleep Duration and Hypertension Control in the United States (US) Adults With Hypertension

Although sleep duration has been identified as a significant factor in risk for hypertension, there is limited data on the relationship between sleep duration and hypertension control. This study examined the association between habitual sleep duration and hypertension control in United States of America (USA) adults with hypertension. A total of 5,163 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015 – 2018) were analyzed. Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression models were fit to examine the association between habitual sleep duration (coded as <6, 6 - <7, 7 – 9 (reference), and >9 hours) and hypertension control (BP <130/80mmHg versus ≥130/80mmHg), adjusted for sociodemographic, sleep and health characteristics. In the fully adjusted model, habitual sleep duration of <6 hours/main sleep period was associated with reduced odds of hypertension control (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.46 – 0.95, P = 0.027) when compared to 7 – 9 hours. No significant differences were noted in hypertension control between the reference group (7 - 9 hours) and the 6 - <7 or >9 hours groups. These findings suggest that measures to support adequate habitual sleep duration may help improve hypertension control in adults who habitually sleep for <6 hours/day.
PC/104 Test-Bed for Software GPS Receiver (SGR) and Software Defined Radio (SDR) Applications

NAVSYS has developed a PC/104-based Software GPS Receiver (SGR) test-bed that integrates multiple sensors for advanced navigation applications. The sensors compatible with this system can provide GPS, wireless, inertial, and image information. This test-bed provides a low-cost hardware and software platform that can rapidly adapt to new waveforms and Software Defined Radio (SDR) applications. PC/104-Plus systems are similar to standard desktop PCs but with a smaller embedded form factor of approximately 4” by 4” and with lower power consumption. PC/104-Plus boards typically use special stackable connectors carrying standard ISA and PCI bus signals. In addition, a PC/104-Plus system can use the same development tools and operating systems of full-sized PCs reducing the effort and cost of development. The NAVSYS test-bed uses a commercial off-the-shelf PC/104-Plus processor card based on a Pentiumclass, low-power processor. The processor card performs high-level processing and handles user interface and storage. In addition, it can interface to multiple sensors via the PCI bus or onboard serial ports.
Comparison between planar InP/InGaAs/InP pin photodiodes with symmetrical and asymmetrical doping profiles

High-speed p-end-illuminated planar InP/InGaAs/InP heterojunction p-i-n photodiodes have been fabricated with symmetrical and asymmetrical doping profiles. Static and dynamic characteristics of both devices were measured for comparison. The device with symmetrical doping profile exhibits inferior characteristics at low reverse bias (<4 V). Nevertheless, if sufficiently reverse biased (≥4 V), a symmetrically doped device can have DC responsivity comparable to, and maximum 3 dB bandwidth higher than, a conventional asymmetrically doped device. The inferior characteristics at low reverse bias and promoted maximum bandwidth of a symmetrically doped device can be, respectively, attributed to the heterointerface exposed in the depletion region and reduced device capacitance caused by an extra-depleted InP region.
Enabling an Innovation Ecosystem and Participation at the Higher End of Global Value Chains

Moving up the global value chain requires an enabling innovation ecosystem alongside economy-specific endowments, a mix of supportive policies in broad areas of infrastructure and institutions, and other enabling factors. Examining sample economies globally and in developing Asia, the empirical results suggest that during the transition from a low level of upgrading in a global value chain to a medium-level one, efforts should focus on increasing the scale of innovation inputs, allowing firms to improve in many areas of their capacity to innovate. To move higher up a global value chain, the design of innovation policies should gradually emphasize the production of technological, knowledge, and creative outputs.
Thirty Year Old Performance of PVC Liners in the Aquacultural Industry

In 197 1 twenty circular aquaculture ponds were constructed at the W.K. Kellogg Biological Research Station at the Michigan State University facility in Hickory Corners, Michigan under a grant from the National Science Foundation. Eighteen of the ponds are for experimental purposes and are two are for storage purposes (see Figure 1). The ponds were allowed to colonize naturally with flora and fauna from surrounding lakes, and within a few years the experimental ponds closely resembled natural systems. These conditions provided the opportunity to conduct a number of significant experiments on species interactions and habitat selection in fishes. Additional information on the W.K. Kellogg Biological Research Station can be found at their website: http://www.kbs. msu.eduResearch~FacilitiesPond~Lab/Overview.htm The one-hundred foot diameter research ponds were lined using 20 mil thick fish grade PVC geomembrane. A fish grade PVC geomembrane is specially formulated to promote aquatic life through the omission of biocides from the basic PVC geomembrane formulation that can leach out over time. The basic formulation of a PVC geomembrane corresponds to 60-65 % PVC resin, 32-38% plasticizer, 5-8% stabilizers and additives, and 0.5-1% pigment (Diebel 2000). The ponds are eight feet deep with sideslopes of three horizontal to one vertical. After installation, each PVC geomembrane was covered with one foot of sandy soil cover.
Numerical study of a GaAs-based heterojunction bipolar transistor with stepwise alloy-graded base

We consider a GaAs-based heterojunction bipolar transistor with stepwise alloy-graded base. The step height is slightly greater than the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon energy ℏωLO in order to facilitate LO-phonon-enhanced forward diffusion. Impurity and LO phonon scattering are considered as the dominant scattering mechanisms. We solve the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) numerically in one dimension across the base and at arbitrary frequencies, unifying and extending previous theoretical treatments. The base transport factor is analyzed in the frequency domain by varying device parameters. The solution of the BTE is incorporated into the small-signal parameters of the intrinsic part of the device. Using a simple circuit approach for the extrinsic elements, high-frequency figures of merit are presented, casting light on the potential of the device as a high-gain amplifier and more importantly as a transit-time oscillator for millimeter-wave applications.
Influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on amphibian road mortality

The COVID‐19 pandemic and its related human activity shutdowns provide unique opportunities for biodiversity monitoring through what has been termed the “anthropause” or the “great human confinement experiment. ” The pandemic caused immense disruption to human activity in the northeastern United States in the spring of 2020, with notable reductions in traffic levels. These shutdowns coincided with the seasonal migration of adult amphibians, which are typically subject to intense vehicle‐impact mortality. Using data collected as part of an annual community science monitoring program in Maine from 2018 to 2021, we examined how amphibian mortality probabilities responded to reductions in traffic during the pandemic. While we detected a 50% decline for all amphibians, this was driven entirely by reductions in frog mortality. Wildlife collision data from the Maine Department of Transportation on other wildlife species support our finding of drastic declines in wildlife road mortality in spring 2020 when compared with immediately previous and subsequent years. Additionally, we find that frogs suffer significantly higher road mortality than salamanders, particularly when conditions are warmer and wetter.
Runoff responses to human activities and climate change in an arid watershed of central Iran

ABSTRACT In this study, contributions of climate change and human activity to streamflow changes were estimated to enable decision makers to develop adaptation strategies for management of regional water resources. Flow trends and climate variables were analysed with the Mann-Kendall method. The year 1986 was selected to perform the Pettitt test to identify the change point of the runoff time series. Then, three methods were used for impact differentiation: climatic elasticity, least-squares support-vector machine (LS-SVM), and the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT). The results showed that climate change (38–67%) and human activities (33–62%) influence runoff reduction. Thus three management scenarios are introduced to reduce the effects of climate change and human activity: (1) adjusting wheat and barley cultivation levels; (2) maintaining wheat and barley cultivation levels and replacing other crops with potatoes; (3) increasing irrigation efficiency. All scenarios showed an increase in runoff, but the first scenario had the most impact.
Mechanical condition recognition of medium-voltage vacuum circuit breaker based on mechanism dynamic features simulation and ANN

A new research method is proposed for the medium-voltage (MV) vacuum circuit breaker's (CB's) mechanical condition monitoring, which combines the mechanism dynamic features simulation and mechanical condition recognition algorithm based on artificial neural networks (ANNs). This method includes three steps: First, the relations between eigenvalues and mechanical failures of a vacuum circuit breaker (CB) through simulation instead of measurement are obtained. In this paper, the mechanism dynamic features of a vacuum CB in failure are simulated; the simulation results indicate that the parameter that can be monitored-main angle-has different characters for different mechanism failures. Second, the eigenvalues for different failure conditions are described by three parameters. Third, mechanical condition recognition of the MV vacuum CB by an algorithm based on ANN is realized. It is concluded by the work mentioned above, both the known mechanical condition type and the new mechanical condition type of the medium-voltage vacuum CB can be recognized with predetermined reliability.
Formulation and Evaluation of Vaginal Bioadhesive Drug Delivery System of Acyclovir

Acyclovir is an anti-viral, which has been used in the treatment of vaginal disorder. Acyclovir is almost completely absorbed after oral administration but has low bioavailability of about 10-15% because of first pass metabolism. As first pass metabolism removes approximately 85-90% of the drug, so for clinical efficacy of the drug it should be frequently administered. Hence an attempt has been made to produce sustained release dosage form of the acyclovir which can be specifically employed for the treatment of vaginal disordered by Herpes simplex virus. The Mucoadhesive tablets of acyclovir has been prepared by direct compression methods and evaluated for various parameter such as thickness, friability, hardness, drug content, weight variation, swelling index, surface pH, bioadhesive force, bioadhesive time, drug release etc. The kinetic data was applied to the optimized formulations. So formulation of acyclovir in a vaginal mucoadhesive tablet dosage form will decrease the frequency of administration, which can lead to an improvement in patient adherence and thereby improving its clinical efficacy.
Adolescent Bystanders’ Responses and the Influence of Social Values on Applying Bullying and Cyberbullying Strategies

ABSTRACT This study explores the responses used by bullying or cyberbullying bystanders at school (Study 1) and analyzes the influence that values have on applying these strategies (Study 2). A total of 638 students (44.1% boys; 55.9% girls) aged 10 to 18 (M = 13, SD = 1.76) who had witnessed some form of bullying or cyberbullying participated in the study. Of these, 145 (44.6% boys; 55.4% girls) aged between 10 to 17 (M = 12.8, SD = 1.76) responded to how they had dealt with the situation. A mixed research methodology was applied. The results showed that adolescent bystanders primarily engaged in proactive strategies. Furthermore, social values appear to be associated with actions to support the victim and may act as preventive factors for other maladaptive responses. These results provide an indicator to consider in the school’s efforts to support social coexistence.
Dripping test to assessment the water content in frozen chicken carcases commercialized in Ji-Paraná, Rondônia, Brazil

The growth in demand for chicken meat is due to the increase in demand for white meat, as they are considered tasty and at an attractive price. Therefore, the search for quality is essential. In Brazil, the water loss due to the melting of the carcasses is controlled by companies and by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) and, frequently, they analyze water loss from the carcasses above the limits required by the legislation. Given the assumption, the aimed of this study was to evaluate the water losses due to thawing in frozen chicken carcasses marketed in the municipality of Ji-Paraná, Rondônia, Brazil. There 25 carcasses of whole frozen chickens were evaluated, from six brands, lots and different establishments, submitted to standardized conditions for the performance of the Dripping test, in order to verify the percentage of water absorbed by the carcasses. It was found that 48% of the samples showed water loss beyond that allowed by the current legislation, which is 6%. When observing that almost half of the evaluated carcasses showed irregularities in relation to the legislation, it is understood that the companies that supply these products should be better inspected, carrying out Dripping test analyzes periodically to reduce or eliminate this type of crime.
The Assembly of the first Sector of the ALICE Silicon Pixel Detector

The Silicon Pixel Detector (SPD) is the innermost part of the Inner Tracking System (ITS) of the ALICE experiment at LHC. 240 detector ladders containing in total about 10 million pixel cells with dimension 50 × 425 µm2, have to be assembled on a carbon fibre support. The mounting procedure of the basic SPD modules (Half-Staves) and the assembly of the barrel sectors are presented. Results on the assembly of the first sector are reported.
The ‘Cultures’ of Global Mental Health

Global Mental Health is a field of research and practice that addresses the expansion of universal and equitable mental health care worldwide. This article explores the ways the concept of culture is employed in Global Mental Health literature. Global Mental Health advocates and critics assume an ontological separation between ‘nature’ and ‘culture’ to typify mental illness, linking it predominantly to one or the other of these two categories. Advocates of Global Mental Health view mental disorders as a nature–culture hybrid, while critics see them as typically cultural phenomena. The cultural critique of Global Mental Health can be strengthened by a sociological approach to both the role of critique and the uses of the concept of culture within social sciences. As an alternative to the ontologization of culture, we propose a different theoretical approach to the social issues involved in the expansion of international public health care in mental health: Arthur Kleinman's and Didier Fassin’s moral anthropological approaches.
Aperture UWB antenna with triple band-notched characteristics

A novel semi-circle-shaped aperture ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with triple band-notched characteristics is proposed. The band notches are realised by etching one complementary split-ring resonator inside a circular exciting stub on the front side, employing a interrogation-shaped defected ground structure in each side of the ground plane as well as symmetrically adding a pair of open-circuit stubs at the edge of the slot, and tri-band rejected filtering properties in the WiMAX/WLAN are achieved. Experimental results show that the designed antenna, with compact size of 24 × 30 × mm 2 , has an impedance bandwidth of 2.6 - 12 - GHz for VSWR less than 2, except three freqency stop-bands of 3.3 - 4, 5.15 - 5.4, and 5.8 - 6.1 - GHz. Moreover, the antenna has good omnidirectional radiation patterns in the H-plane.