Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intensity mapping of [C II] emission from early galaxies

The intensity mapping of the [CII] 157.7 $\rm \mu$m fine-structure emission line represents an ideal experiment to probe star formation activity in galaxies, especially in those that are too faint to be individually detected. Here, we investigate the feasibility of such an experiment for $z > 5$ galaxies. We construct the $L_{\rm CII} - M_{\rm h}$ relation from observations and simulations, then generate mock [CII] intensity maps by applying this relation to halo catalogs built from large scale N-body simulations. Maps of the extragalactic far-infrared (FIR) continuum, referred to as "foreground", and CO rotational transition lines and [CI] fine-structure lines referred to as "contamination", are produced as well. We find that, at 316 GHz (corresponding to $z_{\rm CII} = 5$), the mean intensities of the extragalactic FIR continuum, [CII] signal, all CO lines from $J=1$ to 13 and two [CI] lines are $\sim 3\times10^5$ Jy sr$^{-1}$, $\sim 1200$ Jy sr$^{-1}$, $\sim 800$ Jy sr$^{-1}$ and $\sim 100$ Jy sr$^{-1}$, respectively. We discuss a method that allows us to subtract the FIR continuum foreground by removing a spectrally smooth component from each line of sight, and to suppress the CO/[CI] contamination by discarding pixels that are bright in contamination emission. The $z > 5$ [CII] signal comes mainly from halos in the mass range $10^{11-12} \,M_\odot$; as this mass range is narrow, intensity mapping is an ideal experiment to investigate these early galaxies. In principle such signal is accessible to a ground-based telescope with a 6 m aperture, 150 K system temperature, a $128\times128$ pixels FIR camera in 5000 hr total integration time, however it is difficult to perform such an experiment by using currently available telescopes.
Parental approaches to parenting and positive youth development

ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study used secondary data of urban youth to explore parental approaches as predictors of positive youth development among a group of 182 African American youth. This study aimed to examine how parental approaches (maternal and paternal encouragement and monitoring) predict prosocial behaviors (aspirations, self-efficacy, emotional restraint, and social responsibility) among a sample of African American youth residing in public housing. The regression analysis revealed three significant models. Overall, the results suggest that maternal monitoring and encouragement are essential for positive outcomes for African American youth in the context of urban public housing.
The Lyman alpha reference sample: VII. Spatially resolved H α kinematics

We present integral field spectroscopic observations with the Potsdam Multi-Aperture Spectrophotometer of all 14 galaxies in the z ~ 0.1 Lyman Alpha Reference Sample (LARS). We produce 2D line-of-sight velocity maps and velocity dispersion maps from the Balmer α (Hα) emission in our data cubes. These maps trace the spectral and spatial properties of the LARS galaxies’ intrinsic Lyα radiation field. We show our kinematic maps that are spatially registered onto the Hubble Space Telescope Hα and Lyman α (Lyα) images. We can conjecture a causal connection between spatially resolved Hα kinematics and Lyα photometry for individual galaxies, however, no general trend can be established for the whole sample. Furthermore, we compute the intrinsic velocity dispersion σ0, the shearing velocity vshear, and the vshear/σ0 ratio from our kinematic maps. In general LARS galaxies are characterised by high intrinsic velocity dispersions (54 km s-1 median) and low shearing velocities (65 km s-1 median). The vshear/σ0 values range from 0.5 to 3.2 with an average of 1.5. It is noteworthy that five galaxies of the sample are dispersion-dominated systems with vshear/σ0 1. Our result indicates that turbulence in actively star-forming systems is causally connected to interstellar medium conditions that favour an escape of Lyα radiation.
Many-Body Effects in Rydberg Gases : Coherent Dynamics of Strongly Interacting Two-Level Atoms and Nonlinear Optical Response of a Rydberg Gas in EIT Conguration

Subject of this thesis is the theoretical investigation of ensembles of atoms that are coherently laser-excited to a Rydberg state. Rydberg excited atoms interact with each other over large distances, which leads to strongly correlated many-body dynamics, demanding powerful numerical tools for their modeling. The first part of the thesis deals with effective two-level atoms consisting of a ground and a Rydberg state only. For resonant laser excitation a modified scaling behavior of the excitation number is observed, which is caused by effects of finite system size and coarse graining of the medium due to the finite atomic density. For off-resonant excitation, ordered structures arise out of an initially homogeneous gas, which are reflected in strongly peaked spatial correlations and modified excitation statistics. In the second part a fast decaying intermediate level is additionally taken into account. In this situation the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is encountered. This effect is suppressed in the presence of strong interactions between the Rydberg atoms leading to an optical nonlinearity. A model predicting the properties of a cloud of Rydberg atoms in EIT configuration is developed. In both parts the models are validated by comparing their predictions to recent experimental observations.
THE SUPERNOVA TRIGGERED FORMATION AND ENRICHMENT OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM

We investigate the enrichment of the pre-solar cloud core with short-lived radionuclides, especially 26Al. The homogeneity and the surprisingly small spread in the ratio 26Al/27Al observed in the overwhelming majority of calcium–aluminium-rich inclusions in a vast variety of primitive chondritic meteorites places strong constraints on the formation of the solar system. Freshly synthesized radioactive 26Al has to be included and well mixed within 20 kyr. After discussing various scenarios including X-winds, asymptotic giant branch stars, and Wolf–Rayet stars, we come to the conclusion that triggering the collapse of a cold cloud core by a nearby supernova (SN) is the most promising scenario. We then narrow down the vast parameter space by considering the pre-explosion survivability of such a clump as well as the cross-section necessary for sufficient enrichment. We employ numerical simulations to address the mixing of the radioactively enriched SN gas with the pre-existing gas and the forced collapse within 20 kyr. We show that a cold clump of 10 M☉ at a distance of 5 pc can be sufficiently enriched in 26Al and triggered into collapse fast enough—within 18 kyr after encountering the SN shock—for a range of different metallicities and progenitor masses, even if the enriched material is assumed to be distributed homogeneously in the entire SN bubble. In summary, we envision an environment for the birthplace of the solar system 4.567 Gyr ago similar to the situation of the pillars in M16 nowadays, where molecular cloud cores adjacent to an H ii region will be hit by an SN explosion in the future. We show that the triggered collapse and formation of the solar system as well as the required enrichment with radioactive 26Al are possible in this scenario.
How Positive and Negative Childhood Experiences Interact With Resiliency Theory and the General Theory of Crime in Juvenile Probationers

Self-control and resiliency in juveniles are each thought to be relevant to the onset of delinquency and recidivism, and both are related to family environments and other childhood experiences. The general theory of crime is well established within the literature as an explanation for offending at all ages, and resiliency perspectives stress the importance of things like independence and morality to avoiding/desisting from deviance among juveniles. Here, Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs) are examined among 3604 juvenile probationers in the contexts of the general theory of crime and the compensatory, protective factor, and challenge models of resiliency theory. Results show that high ACE scores were associated with diminished self-control, and high PCE scores were correlated with better self-control. Policy implications are discussed.
Random Attractors of Stochastic Modified Boussinesq Approximation

The Boussinesq approximation is a reasonable model to describe processes in body interior in planetary physics.We refer to[1]and[2]for a derivation of the Boussinesq approximation, and[3]for some related results of existence and uniqueness of solution. Let D=[O,L]~2(L>0). We mainly consider the following stochastic modified Boussinesq approximation in two-dimensional periodic domain D,
A feature-based adaptive combiner for coupling meta-modelling techniques to increase accuracy of river flow prediction

ABSTRACT Data-driven models are relatively simple but powerful methods for river flow prediction; to use the strengths of each, hybrid model-free methods are proposed. In this study, a feature-based adaptive combiner (FBAC) is introduced that uses features extracted from the data to provide a robust meta-model for river flow prediction. Artificial neural network (ANN), random forest regression (RFR), support vector regression (SVR), and a modified dynamic K-nearest neighbours (DKNN) are used to construct the FBAC. DKNN is incorporated to assess the flexibility of the FBAC in using novel data-driven approaches. The FBAC’s performance is evaluated using two years of the daily inflow to the Azad Reservoir in western Iran. Results indicate that the FBAC shows 31.8% and 29.5% improvement in accuracy, in terms of a reduction in the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value, compared to the best individual and combined model, respectively. For extreme value prediction, improvements are increased to 35.1% and 32.6%, respectively.
A method for diagnosing rolling bearing faults based on SDAE-ADHKELM

Aiming to extract useful features from bearing signals for fault classification, an intelligent fault diagnosis method is proposed with a stacked denoising auto-encoder (SDAE) and adaptive deep hybrid kernel extreme learning machine (ADHKELM). The deep network architecture of the SDAE is used automatically to extract deeply important features, and a new HKELM is constructed by combining a polynomial with a wavelet kernel function to overcome a single kernel function not being universal. After that a DHKELM, from stacking multiple HKELMs, and the sparrow search algorithm are introduced to iteratively determine the optimal value of core hyper-parameter combinations of the DHKELM to generate the final fault classifier ADHKELM to enhance the performance of the model. Two experimental verification results show that the SDAE-ADHKELM has better fault classification precision, robustness and generalizability than other related methods.
Application of Cytochrome C-Related Genes in Prognosis and Treatment Prediction of Lung Adenocarcinoma

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype of nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cytochrome c (Cyt c), which is produced from mitochondria, interacts with a protein called Apaf-1 to form the heptameric apoptosome. This heptameric apoptosome then activates the caspase cascade, which ultimately results in the execution of apoptosis. The purpose of our research was to discover a new prognostic model that is based on cytochrome c-related genes (CCRGs) for LUAD patients. Through LASSO regression analysis conducted on the LUAD datasets included in the TCGA datasets, a CCRGs signature was created. The diagnostic accuracy of the multigene signature was verified by an independent source using the GSE31210 and GSE72094 datasets. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed. In this study, there were 159 differentially expressed CCRGs in the TCGA dataset, while there were 68 differentially expressed CCRGs in the GSE31210 dataset. Additionally, there were 57 genes that overlapped across the two datasets. Using LASSO and Cox regression analysis, a signature consisting of 12 differentially expressed CCRGs was developed from the total of 57 such genes. On the basis of their risk ratings, patients were categorized into high-risk and low-risk categories, with low-risk patients having lower risk scores and a greater likelihood of surviving the disease. Univariate and multivariate analyses both concluded that this signature is an independent risk factor for LUAD. ROC curves demonstrated that this risk signature is capable of accurately predicting the 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates of patients who have LUAD. The infiltration of antigen-presenting cells was higher in the low-risk group, such as aDCs, DCs, pDCs, and iDCs. The expression of multiple immune checkpoints was significantly higher in the low-risk group, such as BTLA, CD28, and CD86. Finally, we showed that the signature can be used to predict the drug sensitivity of already available or under investigational drugs. Overall, patient classification and individualized therapy options may benefit from this study's development of a powerful gene signature with high value for prognostic prediction in LUAD.
The Australia Telescope 20-GHz (AT20G) Survey: the Bright Source Sample

The Australia Telescope 20-GHz (AT20G) Survey is a blind survey of the whole southern sky at 20GHz (with follow-up observations at 4.8 and 8.6 GHz) carried out with the Australia Telescope Compact Array from 2004 to 2007. The Bright Source Sample (BSS) is a complete flux-limited subsample of the AT20G Survey catalogue comprising 320 extragalactic (|b| > 1°.5) radio sources south of δ = -15° with S 20GHz > 0.50 Jy. Of these, 218 have near simultaneous observations at 8 and 5 GHz. In this paper we present an analysis of radio spectral properties in total intensity and polarization, size, optical identifications and redshift distribution of the BSS sources. The analysis of the spectral behaviour shows spectral curvature in most sources with spectral steepening that increases at higher frequencies (the median spectral index a, assuming S oc v α , decreases from α 8.6 4.8 = 0.11 between 4.8 and 8.6 GHz to α 20 8.6 = -0.16 between 8.6 and 20 GHz), even if the sample is dominated by flat spectra sources (85 per cent of the sample has α 20 8.6 > -0.5). The almost simultaneous spectra in total intensity and polarization allowed us a comparison of the polarized and total intensity spectra: polarized fraction slightly increases with frequency, but the shapes of the spectra have little correlation. Optical identifications provided an estimation of redshift for 186 sources with a median value of 1.20 and 0.13, respectively, for QSO and galaxies.
Pulsed high energy gamma-rays from thermal populations in the current sheets of pulsar winds

Context. More than one hundred GeV pulsars have been detected up to now by the LAT telescope on the Fermi gamma-ray observatory, showing peak energies around a few GeV. Current m proposes that the high energy emission comes from o magnetospheric gaps, however radiation from the equatoria l current sheet which separates the two magnetic hemisphere s outside the light cylinder has also been investigated. Aims. In this paper we discuss the region right outside the light cy linder, or ”near wind” zone. We investigate the possibilitythat synchrotron radiation emitted by thermal populations in th e equatorial current sheet of the pulsar wind in this region c an explain the lightcurves and spectra observed byFermi/LAT. Methods. We use analytical estimates as well as detailed numerical co mputation to calculate the-ray luminosities, lightcurves and spectra of-ray pulsars. Results. Many of the characteristics of the-ray pulsars observed by Fermi/LAT can be reproduced by our model, most notably the position of these objects in the P− ˙ P diagram, and the range of-ray luminosities. A testable result is a sub-exponential cff with an index b = 0.35. We also predict the existence of a population of pulsars wit h cutoff energies in the MeV range. These have systematically lower spindown luminosities than theFermi/LAT detected pulsars. Conclusions. It is possible for relativistic populations of electrons an d positrons in the current sheet of a pulsar’s wind right outs ide the light cylinder to emit synchrotron radiation that peaksin the sub-GeV to GeV regime, with-ray effi ciencies similar to those observed for the Fermi/LAT pulsars.
Laser doping for ohmic contacts in n-type Ge

We achieved ohmic contacts down to 5 K on standard n-doped Ge samples by creating a strongly doped thin Ge layer between the metallic contacts and the Ge substrate. Thanks to the laser doping technique used, Gas Immersion Laser Doping, we could attain extremely large doping levels above the solubility limit, and thus reduce the metal/doped Ge contact resistance. We tested independently the influence of the doping concentration and doped layer thickness, and showed that the ohmic contact improves when increasing the doping level and is not affected when changing the doped thickness. Furthermore, we characterised the doped Ge/Ge contact, showing that at high doping its contact resistance is the dominant contribution to the total contact resistance.
End-to-End Synthesis of Dynamically Controlled Machine Learning Accelerators

Edge systems are required to autonomously make real-time decisions based on large quantities of input data under strict power, performance, area, and other constraints. Meeting these constraints is only possible by specializing systems through hardware accelerators purposefully built for machine learning and data analysis algorithms. However, data science evolves at a quick pace, and manual design of custom accelerators has high non-recurrent engineering costs: general solutions are needed to automatically and rapidly transition from the formulation of a new algorithm to the deployment of a dedicated hardware implementation. Our solution is the SOftware Defined Architectures (SODA) Synthesizer, an end-to-end, multi-level, modular, extensible compiler toolchain providing a direct path from machine learning tools to hardware. The SODA Synthesizer frontend is based on the multilevel intermediate representation (MLIR) framework; it ingests pre-trained machine learning models, identifies kernels suited for acceleration, performs high-level optimizations, and prepares them for hardware synthesis. In the backend, SODA leverages state-of-the-art high-level synthesis techniques to generate highly efficient accelerators, targeting both field programmable devices (FPGAs) and application-specific circuits (ASICs). In this paper, we describe how the SODA Synthesizer can also assemble the generated accelerators (based on the finite state machine with datapath model) in a custom system driven by a distributed controller, building a coarse-grained dataflow architecture that does not require a host processor to orchestrate parallel execution of multiple accelerators. We show the effectiveness of our approach by automatically generating ASIC accelerators for layers of popular deep neural networks (DNNs). Our high-level optimizations result in up to 74x speedup on isolated accelerators for individual DNN layers, and our dynamically scheduled architecture yields an additional 3x performance improvement when combining accelerators to handle streaming inputs.
The evolution of triples with a Roche lobe filling outer star

The evolution of triples has not attracted much attention in the literature, although their evolution can be dramatically different from binaries and single stars. Triples are quite common, and we find that for about 1% of the triples in the Tokovinin catalogue of multiple stellar systems in the solar neighbourhood, the tertiary star will overflow its Roche lobe at some time in its evolution, before any of the inner stars leave the main sequence. For two of these systems, Xi Tauri and HD97131 we simulate in detail this phase of mass transfer, during which stellar evolution, gravitational dynamics and hydrodynamics all play an important role. We have used the Astrophysical Multi-purpose Software Environment (AMUSE) to solve these physical processes in a self-consistent way. The resulting evolution, mass transfer and the effects on the inner as well as on the outer orbit are profound, although it is not trivial to predict the eventual consequence of the phase of mass transfer and the appearance of the resulting system.
Alternate panel interchange technique to improve the power production of PV array operating under various shading situations

ABSTRACT This work presents an improved shade dispersion technique named as Alternate Panel Interchange (API) technique to get an enhanced power output of the PV system under partial shading scenarios. In this proposed technique, Total Cross Tied forms the electrical connections, whereas the physical position of the module is as per the API technique. The proposed technique distributes the effects of mismatching simplified with two stepped dispersion procedures. This paper considers a 6 × 6 array for various shading scenarios. For comparative investigation of the proposed technique with hybrid configurations, Bridge Link-Total Cross Tied, Series Parallel-Total Cross Tied, Honey Comb-Total Cross Tied, and conventional Total Cross Tied are taken. The instantaneous maximum power of the proposed technique improves over TCT by 19.58%, 9.52%, 7.92%, and 1.36% in uneven rows, corner, L-shaped, and triangular shading scenarios. The reduction in mismatch losses is a substantial cause for improved power output with the proposed technique and eventually results in the fill-factor enhancement.
Constraint-consistent task-oriented whole-body robot formulation: Task, posture, constraints, multiple contacts, and balance

We present a comprehensive formulation to the problem of controlling a high-dimensional robotic system involving complex tasks subject to a variety of constraints, obstacles, balance, and contact challenges. Using intuitive and natural representations, the approach is initiated by establishing individual objectives for a task and its constraints. Simple independent controllers using artificial potential fields are then designed for each objective to reach goals while enforcing the constraints. Dynamically consistent projections in nullspaces associated with task and constraint representations are employed to deliver a coherent whole-body robot control. In multi-link multi-contact tasks, contact forces produce both resulting and internal forces. Internal forces play a critical role in robot balance and stability, achieved in this framework through modeling and controlling virtual linkages that explicitly describe the relationship between active/passive contact force, resultant force, controlled/uncontrolled internal force for multi-link multi-contact underactuated robots. Control of contacts with the environment involves material considerations such as friction and geometric constraints. Potential barriers direct the selection of contact forces ensuring stability and balance. This approach of dynamic projection and the Virtual Linkage Model addresses robot underactuation. In addition, the framework introduces a coordinate completion mechanism to establish a generalized coordinates representation of the task, removing redundancy and maintaining the full operational space dynamics description. This enables task-space dynamic control based on the relevant inertial properties. We present the experimental validation on a physical humanoid platform.