Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A pilot test of Internet-delivered brief interactive training sessions for depression: Evaluating dropout, uptake, adherence, and outcome

Abstract Objective Uptake, adherence, and dropout rates for Internet-based programs for depression are in need of improvement. Excessive user burden (eg, heavy content, extended duration) may undermine engagement and precipitate dropout. To address this problem, an alternative format was proposed: Brief Interactive Training Sessions (BITS). BITS target a narrow behavioral health skill and require 3–4 hours to complete. A depression-focused version of BITS that provides training in cognitive distortion/restructuring was tested. Participants Fifty-two depressed college students were randomly assigned to BITS or to a wait-list. Methods Students competed pre-and post-test (7 week) assessments of depression and cognitive distortions. Results Uptake rate was 83%. Among study completers, adherence was 96%. The dropout rate did not improve. Compared to the control group, the experimental group reported a significant reduction in depression and in cognitive distortions. Conclusions The BITS format is a promising vehicle for improving uptake and adherence while achieving positive clinical outcomes.
Health Impact of Stigma, Discrimination, Prejudice, and Bias Experienced by Transgender People: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies

Abstract Introduction: Stigma affects all aspects of transgender peoples’ health. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the quantitative findings from the literature focused on the health impact of stigma resulting from discrimination, prejudice, and bias experienced by transgender people. Method: To better understand the current state of the health impact of transgender stigma, the author conducted a search that included stigma, discrimination, prejudice, bias, health, and transgender people. Results: A total of 15 studies met inclusion criteria for review. Results indicate that transgender people experience discrimination, prejudice, and bias at high levels. When internalized, this victimization leads to decreased psychological health, including increased harmful behaviors such as substance abuse and eating disorders, reduced relationship quality, ineffective coping and lower levels of self-esteem, and increased risk of attempted suicide. Internalized stigma also leads to decreased physical health outcomes stemming from healthcare avoidance, reduced healthcare utilization, decreased screenings, and delayed treatment. Discussion: Additional research is needed to enhance generalizability to larger transgender populations. Additional studies are also required to increase provider knowledge and cultural competence to provide safe care environments and transgender-appropriate care. As well, further research is vital to incorporate LGBTQ-sensitive training in healthcare academia.
From scientific arguments to scepticism: Humans’ place in the Greenhouse

This article investigates the different roles attributed to humanity in the climate change debate, through the depiction of the greenhouse effect. Our hypothesis is that the stance associated with different genres will not only demonstrate different conceptualisations of the greenhouse effect but also convey different views on humans’ capacity (or lack of capacity) to mitigate climate change. The corpus under study is composed of texts pertaining to three genres which display particular viewpoints: scientific papers present a documented view on the phenomenon, online forum discussions present exchanges between users who endorse or question particular characteristics of the Greenhouse, and sceptical newspaper articles explicitly deny the existence of an anthropogenic phenomenon. Through a corpus-based, cognitive and pragmatic analysis of the metaphorical expression greenhouse effect, the research shows that humans’ place(s) in the Greenhouse is a significant part of environmental argumentative strategies.
The Lived Experiences of Parents Having a Child With a Brain Tumor During the Shared Decision-Making Process of Treatment

Background A pediatric brain tumor requires multimodal therapy that can have serious effects on the ill child that can involve shared decision-making (SDM). Understanding this experience of SDM from the parents’ point of view is understudied. Objective The aim of this study was to explore the nature of lived experiences of parents during the SDM process when their child is being treated for a brain tumor. Methods This was a descriptive phenomenology study using in-depth interviews with parents who had a child with a brain tumor. Results Six major themes emerged: (1) early confusion associated with medical decision-making, (2) determining treatment via decision-making, (3) faith strengthening the direction of decision-making, (4) constructing consensus based on partnership, (5) adjusting lifestyle to coexist with the illness, and (6) positive energy and abundant support are able to open a window to the soul. Conclusion Shared decision-making is a process, and the experiences start with parental confusion about medical treatment. The process involves building a trusting relationship with health professionals that includes sharing medical treatment information and is eventually associated with normalizing the life of both the child and the rest of the family. Implications for Practice Trusting relationships and partnership are vital for SDM to be successful. It is essential during the SDM process to strengthen parental resilience by supplying sufficient information and to support parental efforts to normalize their family life.
Causal role of frontal-midline theta in cognitive effort: a pilot study.

Frontal-midline theta (FMT) oscillations are increased in amplitude during cognitive control tasks. Since these tasks often conflate cognitive control and cognitive effort, it remains unknown if FMT amplitude maps onto cognitive control or effort. To address this gap, we utilized the glucose facilitation effect to manipulate cognitive effort without changing cognitive control demands. We performed a single-blind, cross-over human study in which we provided participants with a glucose drink (control session: volume-matched water) to reduce cognitive effort and improve performance on a visuospatial working memory task. Following glucose consumption, participants performed the working memory task at multiple timepoints of a three-hour window to sample across the rise and fall of blood glucose. Using high-density electroencephalography (EEG), we calculated FMT amplitude during the delay period of a working memory task. Source localization analysis revealed that FMT oscillations originated from bilateral prefrontal cortex. We found that glucose increased working memory accuracy during the high working memory load condition, but decreased FMT amplitude. The decrease in FMT amplitude coincided with both peak blood glucose elevation and peak performance enhancement for glucose relative to water. Therefore, the inverse association between glucose and task performance provided causal evidence that the amplitude of FMT oscillations may correspond to cognitive effort, rather than cognitive control. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, data collection was terminated prematurely; the preliminary nature of these findings due to small sample size should be contextualized by rigorous experimental design and use of a novel causal perturbation to dissociate cognitive effort and cognitive control.
Dynamic Metabolic Risk Profiling of World Trade Center-Lung Disease: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

RATIONALE. Metabolic Syndrome (MetSyn) increases the risk of World Trade Center-Lung Injury (WTC-LI). However, the temporal relationship of MetSyn, exposure intensity, and lung dysfunction is not well understood. We modeled the association of longitudinal MetSyn characteristics with WTC-lung disease to define modifiable risk. METHODS. Consented firefighters (N=5,738) were active-duty on 9/11/01 (9/11). WTC-LI (N=1,475; FEV1%predicted<LLN) and non-WTC-LI (N=4,263; FEV1%predicted≥LLN at all exams) was the primary-outcome, FVC%,predicted<LLN and FEV1/FVC<0.70 were secondary-outcomes. We assessed: I. effect of concurrent MetSyn on longitudinal lung function by linear mixed models; II. temporal effect of MetSyn and exposure by Weibull-proportional hazards (PH); III. effects of MetSyn's rate of change by two-stage models; IV. nonlinear joint effect of longitudinal MetSyn components by partially linear single index models (PLSI). RESULTS. WTC-LI cases were more often ever-smokers, arrived the morning (9/11), and had MetSyn. BMI≥30kg/m2 and HDL<40mg/dL were most contributory to concurrent loss of FEV1%,predicted and FVC%,predicted while conserving FEV1/FVC. BMI≥30kg/m2 and dyslipidemia significantly predicted WTC-LI, FVC%,predicted<LLN in a Weibull-PH model. Dynamic risk assessment of WTC-LI based on MetSyn and exposure showed how reduction of MetSyn-factors further reduce WTC-LI likelihood in susceptible populations. PLSI demonstrates that MetSyn has a nonlinear relationship on WTC-lung disease, and increases in cumulative MetSyn risk factors exponentially increase WTC-LI risk. Interactive metabolic-risk modeling application developed to simplify PLSI interpretation. CONCLUSION. MetSyn and WTC-exposure contribute to the development of lung disease. Dynamic risk assessment may be utilized to encourage treatment of MetSyn in susceptible populations. Future studies will focus on dietary intervention as a disease-modifier.
Confirmatory Efficacy of Cognitive Enhancement Therapy for Early Schizophrenia: Results From a Multisite Randomized Trial.

OBJECTIVE Cognitive enhancement therapy (CET) is an 18-month comprehensive cognitive remediation intervention designed to improve cognition and functioning among patients with schizophrenia. The current study sought to confirm previously observed benefits of CET on cognitive and behavioral outcomes in the early course of the condition in a large multisite trial. METHODS Overall, 102 outpatients with early-course schizophrenia were randomly assigned to 18 months of CET (N=58) or enriched supportive therapy (EST; N=44). Participants completed cognitive, social adjustment, and symptom assessments at baseline and at 9 and 18 months. Composite indices were calculated for these outcomes. Mixed-effects models investigated differential changes in outcomes between CET and EST. Because of a high attrition rate, sensitivity analyses of data from treatment completers (N=49) were conducted. RESULTS The effects of CET on improved overall cognition were confirmed and tentatively confirmed for social cognition in both intent-to-treat and completer analyses, and beneficial effects on attention/vigilance were also observed. An effect of CET on social adjustment was not confirmed in the analyses, because both CET and EST groups had considerably improved social adjustment. Although not statistically significant, the between-group effect size for CET's effect on social adjustment doubled from the intent-to-treat (Cohen's d=0.23) to completer analyses (Cohen's d=0.51) (p=0.057). Both groups displayed similar symptom improvements. CONCLUSIONS CET effectively improved cognition among patients with early-course schizophrenia. The functional benefits of CET appeared to increase with treatment retention. Further research is needed to understand predictors of attrition and mechanisms of change during CET for this population.
Coding-Complete Sequence of a SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.25 Lineage Obtained from an 8-Day-Old Deceased Neonate

We report the complete genome sequence of a SARS-CoV-2 strain, hCoV-19/Bangladesh/icddrb-CHAMPS-BDAA02205/2021, obtained from a nasopharyngeal swab from a deceased neonate from Faridpur, Bangladesh. The strain belongs to lineage B.1. 1.25 (a Bangladeshi lineage) but contains some notable mutations similar to those in lineage B.1. 1.7. ABSTRACT We report the complete genome sequence of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain, hCoV-19/Bangladesh/icddrb-CHAMPS-BDAA02205/2021, obtained from a nasopharyngeal swab from a deceased neonate from Faridpur, Bangladesh. The strain belongs to lineage B.1. 1.25 but contains some notable mutations similar to the B.1. 1.7 lineage.
Epiphytic diatoms on herbarium material from the Central Forest phytogeographic region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Background and aims – Epiphytic diatoms are excellent bio-indicators of the present and past ecological condition of aquatic ecosystems. In order to reconstruct the diatom history and to evaluate its diversity in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, epiphytic diatoms were sampled from herbarium specimens of aquatic plants deposited at the National Herbarium of the Congo at Yangambi (YBI) and at the herbarium of Meise Botanic Garden (BR). Material and methods – In YBI, nine specimens belonging to the Nymphaeaceae, three to the Ceratophyllaceae, and 12 to the Lentibulariaceae collected in the Central Forest phytogeographic region were sampled for diatom investigation. In addition, nine Nymphaea lotus specimens were sampled in BR. Semi-quantitative analyses were performed by light microscopy on permanent diatom slides.Key results – Analyses of the epiphytic diatom communities on YBI and BR materials showed a large diversity of 132 species belonging to 44 genera. Taxa belonging to the genus Eunotia were relatively the most abundant in all studied samples followed by Frustulia saxonica and a Desmogonium sp. The diatom communities on Nymphaea were as varied as on Ceratophyllum, while on Utricularia, a significant lower diversity was observed. The Trophic Diatom Index (TDI) and Generic Diatom Index (GDI) showed that the water quality in the Central Forest phytogeographic region was overall good during the 20th century. They point to oligotrophic conditions for the running waters with a slight increase towards more mesotrophic conditions from the 1950s onwards. The only sample in the present study indicating mesotrophic condition was from a swamp.Conclusions – The results on the epiphytic diatoms present on herbarium material can serve as a basis for sustainable management of aquatic ecosystems in D.R. Congo. In absence of an in-depth knowledge of the species and their ecological preferences, a genus-based TDI and IDG have proven to be valuable tools for water quality monitoring in tropical Africa.
Ultra-Low Dose Chest CT with Denoising for Lung Nodule Detection.

BACKGROUND Medical imaging and the resultant ionizing radiation exposure is a public concern due to the possible risk of cancer induction. OBJECTIVES To assess the accuracy of ultra-low-dose (ULD) chest computed tomography (CT) with denoising versus normal dose (ND) chest CT using the Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS). METHODS This prospective single-arm study comprised 52 patients who underwent both ND and ULD scans. Subsequently AI-based denoising methods were applied to produce a denoised ULD scan. Two chest radiologists independently and blindly assessed all scans. Each scan was assigned a Lung-RADS score and grouped as 1 + 2 and 3 + 4. RESULTS The study included 30 men (58%) and 22 women (42%); mean age 69.9 ± 9 years (range 54-88). ULD scan radiation exposure was comparable on average to 3.6-4.8% of the radiation depending on patient BMI. Denoising increased signal-to-noise ratio by 27.7%. We found substantial inter-observer agreement in all scans for Lung-RADS grouping. Denoised scans performed better than ULD scans when negative likelihood ratio (LR-) was calculated (0.04--0.08 vs. 0.08-0.12). Other than radiation changes, diameter measurement differences and part-solid nodules misclassification as a ground-glass nodule caused most Lung-RADS miscategorization. CONCLUSIONS When assessing asymptomatic patients for pulmonary nodules, finding a negative screen using ULD CT with denoising makes it highly unlikely for a patient to have a pulmonary nodule that requires aggressive investigation. Future studies of this technique should include larger cohorts and be considered for lung cancer screening as radiation exposure is radically reduced.
The mechanobiological theory: a unifying hypothesis on the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease based on a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE Moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) affects the distal internal carotid artery and is designated as moyamoya disease (MMD) when predisposing conditions are absent, or moyamoya syndrome (MMS) when it occurs secondary to other causes. The authors aimed to investigate the reason for this anatomical site predilection of MMA. There is compelling evidence to suggest that MMA is a phenomenon that occurs due to stereotyped mechanobiological processes. Literature regarding MMD and MMS was systematically reviewed to decipher a common pattern relating to the development of MMA. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to understand the pathogenesis of MMA in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. PubMed MEDLINE and Scopus were searched using "moyamoya" and "pathogenesis" as common keywords and specific keywords related to six identified key factors. Additionally, a literature search was performed for MMS using "moyamoya" and "pathogenesis" combined with reported associations. A progressive search of the literature was also performed using the keywords "matrix metalloprotease," "tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease," "endothelial cell," "smooth muscle cell," "cytokines," "endothelin," and "transforming growth factor" to infer the missing links in molecular pathogenesis of MMA. Studies conforming to the inclusion criteria were reviewed. RESULTS The literature search yielded 44 published articles on MMD by using keywords classified under the six key factors, namely arterial tortuosity, vascular angles, wall shear stress, molecular factors, blood rheology/viscosity, and blood vessel wall strength, and 477 published articles on MMS associations. Information obtained from 51 articles that matched the inclusion criteria and additional information derived from the progressive search mentioned above were used to connect the key factors to derive a network pattern of pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Based on the available literature, the authors have proposed a unifying theory for the pathogenesis of MMA. The moyamoya phenomenon appears to be the culmination of an interplay of vascular anatomy, hemodynamics, rheology, blood vessel wall strength, and a plethora of intricately linked mechanobiological molecular mediators that ultimately results in the mechanical process of occlusion of the blood vessel, stimulating angiogenesis and collateral blood supply in an attempt to perfuse the compromised brain.
Current UK clinical practice in diagnosing dementia in younger adults: compliance with quality indicators in electronic health records from mental health trusts

Abstract Objectives To examine current UK practice in diagnosis of patients under 65 with young onset dementia, within 5 years of date of diagnosis, identified from electronic health records of 8 NHS mental health trusts. Methods Patients diagnosed with young onset dementia were assembled from the UK-Clinical Record Interactive System, (UK-CRIS) using diagnosis of dementia as the index date. A pre-designed proforma, derived by international Delphi consensus from experts in the field in previous work, was used to assess components of the diagnostic assessment in 402 electronic health records across 8 NHS sites. Information was extracted on key aspects of clinical and physical examination according to both a minimum and gold standard. Results Percentage compliance rates analysed by NHS site and statement, including compliance for site for minimum standard (11 statements), the additional 20 statements required for Gold standard, and the complete Gold standard set (31 statements) show that the additional 20 statements in the Gold standard had consistently higher compliance rates for every site compared to the minimum set. Conclusion Findings confirmed variation in clinical practice and identified commonly missed items in examination and enquiry compared to expert consensus. This suggests that a template proforma, which contains the key indicators for comprehensive assessment of dementia in young adults according to a quality standard could help support clinicians to improve record keeping and reduce gaps in knowledge.
The Rhythmic Growth Pattern of Microbes is Antithetical to Antioxidant Activity of Kombucha: A New Finding in Food Biochemistry

Background: Kombucha is a traditional, popular and probiotic health drink having strong antioxidant properties. Involvement of various bacteria and yeasts in kombucha fermentation have been previously described by several scientists. In this research, we aimed to determine the growth pattern of microbes involved in kombucha fermentation, using the orthodox turbidimetric method and a simultaneous determination of antioxidant activity regularly. Methods: This experiment was designed in a simple way to evaluate the interrelation between growth of microbes involved in kombucha fermentation and the rate of release of antioxidant molecules using spectrophotometric growth study and DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Results: In this research, some new characteristics of kombucha have been found regarding microbial fermentation. Moreover, we prepared broths using different types of sugars as carbon source for a comparative analysis. Significance: In all the broths, it was found that there is a negative correlation between rhythmic microbial growth pattern and antioxidant activity which is definitely a new finding in food science. Short Communication Majumder et al.; AJBGMB, 8(2): 1-7, 2021; Article no.AJBGMB. 69776 2
Intelligent information systems

The paper considers the results of a method development for determining the semantic similarity of arbitrary length texts based on their vector representations. These vector representations are obtained via multilingual Transformers model usage, and direct problem of determining semantic similarity of arbitrary length texts is considered as the text sequence pairs classification problem using Transformers model. Comparative analysis of the most optimal Transformers model for solving such class of problems was performed. Considered in this case main stages of the method are: Transformers model fine-tuning stage in the framework of pretrained model second problem (sentence prediction), also selection and implementation stage of the summarizing method for text sequence more than 512 (1024) tokens long to solve the problem of determining the semantic similarity for arbitrary length texts.
Linking temporal-parietal junction to internet addiction tendency: Moderating effect of critical thinking

Abstract Backgrounds and aims Internet addiction (IA) is a common internet-related addictive behavior. An enormous amount of previous research on IA disorders (IADs) have paid attention to the neural basis of abnormalities, while few studies have elucidated the neural distinctions of IA tendency in general population. Methods The current study examined the neural basis of IA tendency combining with voxel-based morphometry (VBM) from the average student body (N = 244). Results As the results presented, the gray matter density (GMD) of the left temporal-parietal junction (TPJ) was positively correlated with Internet Addiction Test (IAT) score. Further analysis revealed that critical thinking moderated the path between GMD in the TPJ and IA tendency. Specifically, the correlation between GMD in the TPJ and IA tendency was weaker for those with a higher critical thinking disposition. Discussion and conclusion Higher critical thinking show a hindering effect in susceptibility to IA based on the neural basis of temporal-parietal junction differences.