Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transformer core models based on the Jiles-Atherton algorithm

This paper describes a development of transformer core models for power and instrument transformers based on Jiles-Atherton algorithm (1986). The models exhibit all of the main features of hysteresis such as the initial magnetization curve, saturation of magnetization, coercivity, remanence and hysteresis loss.
Inequality and migration in Kenya: Investigating the subnational associations using census data

Background: Since the early 2000s, there has been an extensive debate on whether migration and inequality are interlinked, with varying conclusions arising from methodological as well as theoretical dispositions. The aim of this study is to contribute to this debate by exploring the nexus between several dimensions of inequalities and migration in Kenya. Methods: This study used the subnational(county) data on inequalities and migration in Kenya obtained from several reports. Four explanatory variables including access to water, electricity, composite index of County Human Development Index (County HDI) and County Gini were used. Our dependent variable was migration intensity, measured by the Revised Weighted Net Migration Rate. Correlation and spatial regression analysis were performed to model the relationship between migration and inequality. Results: Findings revealed that migration had a non-linear relationship with income inequality, such that a change in one unit of migration intensity results in a 567 negative change in County Gini. The County Gini had the highest explanatory power in our model, although counties with high HDI tend to have higher migration intensities. Migration intensities in the country were not randomly distributed as we found evidence of spatial clustering with two key emergent hotspots, a high-high in the lake region and a low-low in the coastal region. Regions with low migration intensities correspond with higher poverty, implying that structural factors may explain the migration intensities in the country. Conclusions: The study highlights that the subnational income inequality reduces as migration intensifies. We conclude that migration has an equalizing effect on inequality as observed in some studies. Regions with high poverty tend to have lower migration intensity, implying that structural factors are important in influencing migration. Use of migration intensity and application of spatial analysis have improved our understanding of migration and inequality, and should be applied in future research.
Active Stabilization of Crystal Oscillator FM Noise at UHF Using a Dielectric Resonator (Short Papers)

A low-noise 600-MHz crystal oscillator circuit is described. It uses a dielectric oscillator as the dispersive element of a discriminator in an active frequency stabilization loop which reduces the near-carrier FM noise. The innovation in the circuit is an essentially noiseless active carrier suppression loop, which allows maximum utilization of a low-noise RF amplifier to reduce the discriminator threshold (Delta f/sub rms/) to 2.5x10-5 Hz in a 1-Hz bandwidth. The FM noise 1 kHz from the carrier was reduced by 44 dB to this threshold, equivalent to a phase-noise spectral density of -152 dBc/Hz.
A new methodology for the public transport network design

The present paper deals with the bus network design problem. Such problem is formulated as an optimization problem involving the minimization of all resources and costs related to the public transport system. The optimization problem is subject to user equilibrium on public transport network as well as to the bus capacity constraints and a set of feasibility constraints on route length and line frequency. The objective function is defined as the sum of operator’s costs and users’ costs. The input data are the public transport demand matrix, the characteristics of road network, the operating and users unit costs. Outputs are routes and frequencies for the lines of the public transport network. The performances of the network are estimated by a hyperpath transit assignment model, which reproduces the choice behaviour of transit users. The solving procedure consists of a set of heuristics, which includes a first routine for the definition of the roads and the zones to be served, a second step for the routes generation and then a genetic algorithm for finding a sub-optimal set of routes and associated frequencies. The GA is implemented in the C# language as a parallel genetic algorithm while the fitness evaluation requires computing, for each solution generated, the two terms of the objective function by simulating the public transport network with the EMME software. The proposed procedure will be implemented on a real large size network (two districts in the city of Rome), in order to compare its effectiveness with the performances of the existing transit network and to provide an extensive sensitivity analysis in bus frequency changes.
Characterizations of a supercontinuum optical source for radio‐over‐fiber system

The generation and characterizations of supercontinuum (SC) optical source in wavelength‐division‐multiplexing radio‐over‐fiber (ROF) system is studied in this article. Factors such as the chirp and peak power of the pump pulse, the length of the SC fiber that affect the light source frequency stability are analyzed. The simulation results demonstrate that by altering the value of initial chirp, peak power and SC fiber length, the random fluctuation of the phase and intensity of the SC spectrum is different. At last by optimizing the initial value, an optimal optical source with high frequency stability as the optical source of ROF system is obtained by experiments. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1561–1565, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23430
Standard CMOS piezoresistive sensor to quantify heart cell contractile forces

A MEMS force transducer system, with a volume less than one cubic millimeter, is being developed to measure forces generated by living, isolated cardiac muscle cells. Cell attachment and measurement of contractile forces have been demonstrated with prototype hinged polysilicon devices. A new transducer system has been fabricated using a standard CMOS process with a post-processing XeF/sub 2/ etch step. The system consists of a three dimensional oxide structure with aluminum hinges, polysilicon piezoresistive sensor, and CMOS amplifier. System response is 0.45 mV//spl mu/N. This MEMS force transducer will permit improved resolution of the mechanisms of muscle contraction.
Millimeter-wave Ka-band H-plane diplexers and multiplexers

Millimeter-wave H-plane diplexers/multiplexers are designed using modified H-plane waveguide T-junctions and modified inductive window bandpass filters. Modeling of the diplexers/multiplexers are performed using the full-wave mode-matching method to obtain the generalized scattering matrices of the building blocks and by the cascading procedure to provide the overall frequency response. A complete systematic optimization procedure leads to the desired diplexer/multiplexer design. The validity of employing the modified H-plane T-junctions in the diplexer/multiplexer configurations are demonstrated by the design examples. A millimeter-wave Ka upper band diplexer based on the simulated results was built and tested. Without any tuning, excellent experimental results are obtained, which verified the full-wave mode-matching-based precise design.
Design and demonstration of EID MOS-HEMTs on Si substrate with normally depleted AlGaN/GaN epitaxial layer

An extrinsic electron induced by a dielectric (EID) AlGaN/GaN MOS high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) on Si substrate was designed and investigated. The EID structure with SiO2 deposition and subsequent high-temperature annealing, which induces two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) on fully depleted AlGaN/GaN hetero-epitaxial layers with thin AlGaN barrier layer, was applied to access and drift regions in the HEMT. The fabricated HEMT exhibited enhancement-mode operation with a specific on-resistance of 7.6 mΩ cm2 and a breakdown voltage of over 1 kV. In addition, electron state analysis using hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that changes in the chemical states of Al and energy level lowering at the SiO2/AlGaN interface affect the induction of 2DEG in the EID structure. The proposed HEMTs should become a strong candidate for highly reliable high-power switching devices due to the damage-less fabrication without dry etching or fluorine plasma exposure processes on the semiconductor layers.
Impact of Comorbidities on the Prognosis of Pediatric Postural Tachycardia Syndrome

Objective To investigate the influence of comorbidities on the prognosis of pediatric postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 275 children with POTS admitted to the Department of Pediatrics at Peking University First Hospital were recruited from 2016 to 2019 and followed up. The participants were divided into simple POTS (S-POTS, n=156 cases) and POTS with comorbidities (Co-POTS, n=119 cases) groups according to whether they were complicated with comorbidities. A Cox regression analysis was used to identify the prognostic risk factors for children with POTS, while Kaplan–Meier curves were applied to compare the cumulative symptom remission rate (CSRR) between the two groups. The rehospitalization of the children between the two groups was also compared to explore the influence of comorbidities. Results Twenty-one participants (7.6%) were lost during a median follow-up of 24 months. The Cox regression model showed that comorbidities and body mass index (BMI) were associated with the CSRR of the children with POTS. The CSRR of pediatric POTS alone was 1.748 times higher than that of patients with comorbidities, and the CSRR was decreased by 5.1% for each 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI. The most common comorbidity in children with POTS in this study was allergic disorders, followed by the psychological diseases. The patients in the Co-POTS group had a lower CSRR than those in the S-POTS group (log rank P=0.0001). In addition, compared with those of the S-POTS group, the total number of rehospitalizations was high (P=0.001), and the total hospital stays were long in the Co-POTS group (P<0.001). Conclusion Complicating with comorbidities, pediatric patients with POTS had lower CSRR and more rehospitalizations than those without comorbidities. More attention should be given to comorbidities when managing pediatric POTS.
Modelling of a pump-power-controlled gain-locking system for multi-pump wideband Raman fibre amplifiers

Transient gain response of optical amplifiers to the addition/removal of channels is a major problem in multi-wavelength amplified optical networks. In order to avoid error bursts in the surviving channels, signal power fluctuations due to channel addition or removal caused by network reconfigurations or line failures must be minimised. The authors analyse the recently proposed and experimentally tested gain-locking technique for Raman fibre amplifiers, based on surviving channel power monitoring and pump power control. The analysis is based on the application of a comprehensive large-signal numerical model, which incorporates temporal properties and downstream propagation of multiple signals, upstream propagation of multiple pumps and downstream and upstream propagation of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) spectral components in a Raman fibre amplifier. It follows from the theoretical investigation that the peak-to-peak surviving channel power excursion can be reduced to less than 0.2 dB for the addition/removal of 50% of channels when the pump power feedback parameters are appropriately selected.
Grazing Rotation on Restored Rangeland as a New Tool for Medusahead Control

Abstract. Intake of medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski) by livestock is typically low given the poor nutritional quality of the weed, but utilization may increase through the provision of supplemental nutrients. This study compared cattle that initially grazed on a supplemented pasture (SUP) of established cool-season perennial grasses and forbs to nonsupplemented cattle that grazed only medusahead-infested rangeland (NSUP) in order to determine whether supplemental nutrients could increase use of medusahead. The quality of different forage types in the plant community and grazing events on these forage types were assessed. Supplemented animals grazed medusahead to a greater extent than NSUP animals in the medusahead-infested pastures (P = 0.003). Thus, grazing of improved pastures in close temporal proximity to grazing of medusahead-infested rangeland may represent a management tool that contributes to enhancing medusahead utilization by cattle. However, future long-term studies need to be conducted in order to examine whether medusahead use by cattle can be used as a practical, low-cost tool for medusahead management.
Fractal structure and hydration-driven shape memory of duck down in the dry–wet state

Duck down, as a natural keratin material, has been widely used as a filling material. The multilevel bifurcation structure of down has been observed and characterized through scanning electron microscopy. The structure is a complex fractal structure composed of four-level self-similar structures including five units, that is, the calamus, main barb, barb, barbule, and node or prong. The differential friction effect of the dynamic friction coefficients of the barb was reduced from 0.4 (dry state) to 0.23 (wet state), namely a decrease of 42.5%. The friction locking effect decreases due to the swelling of the fiber diameter. The down is zero gravity in water, and under the action of vibration and internal stress, down that has been subjected to friction or heat setting treatment can quickly return to its original shape in water. This shape memory mechanism was further confirmed, in which down after heat setting can restore its shape to the natural state by shaking it quickly and vigorously. This research provides inspiration to investigate more complicated functions of natural materials and encourages the creation of very intelligent synthetic polymers.
A theory of algebraic n-ports

The foundational aspects of an important subclass of timeinvariant nonlinear n -ports are dealt with; namely, the class of algebraic n -ports that includes, among other things, resistors, inductors, capacitors, and memristors as special cases. Sufficient conditions that guarantee an algebraic n -port to admit all 2^n hybrid representations are given. Both global and local characterizations are considered in detail. In particular, certain global properties are shown to be invariants relative to the various modes of hybrid representation. The concept of reciprocity is explored in depth and shown to play an important role in determining such global properties as losslessness and passivity. Several generalized potential functions are defined for reciprocal algebraic n -ports. These functions are then used to derive a number of interesting circuit theoretic properties for nonlinear n -ports.
Computational study of a diagonal channel Magnetohydrodynamic power generation

This paper studies the performance of a diagonal channel Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generation. This system includes a diagonal conducting wall MHD generator. As a model of channel, we use a scramjet-driven MHD generator where the MHD generator is directly integrated into the propulsion system. The channel specification is 59.28 cm in length. The working plasma for the power system is generated from freestream air and conventional scramjet fuels combustor. As a result, we present the flow velocity, current density distribution and power generated. And in this case, it can be found that the combustion efficiency of 95% has better power generation than 85 and 75% combustion efficiencies.
Probabilistic multi‐objective transmission investment and expansion planning

Summary In market-based planning studies, the financial aspects of transmission grids have been posed as a major challenge since these are important keys to provide a non-discriminative and competitive environment for energy market participants. In this respect, this paper proposes a probabilistic multi-objective transmission expansion planning algorithm considering private investors' preferences, technical concerns, and random nature of power system uncertainties. The combination of Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II, as a widely-used robust multi-objective optimization technique, and point estimation method is employed to handle non-commensurable probabilistic objective functions. The IEEE Reliability Test System is taken into consideration as the test system to verify and address the different aspects of the proposed method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Initial Injection Conditions on the Oil Droplet Motion in a Simplified Bearing Chamber

Increasing demands on aeroengines to operate at higher shaft speeds and temperatures require an understanding and optimization of the integral systems. The ability to model movement of oil around bearing chambers in the form of droplets and films is a current area of interest. This paper presents a two-phase numerical modeling approach developed for predicting air, oil droplet, and oil film behavior within an aeroengine bearing chamber including the significant droplet/film interactions. In-house code is linked to the commercial CFD package CFX4.3 and a predictive algorithm for determining the outcome of droplet impact with a wall film and the associated transfer of oil mass and momentum is developed. The method is used to simulate the motion of oil droplets shed from a roller bearing in a simplified aeroengine bearing chamber geometry and through a parametric study shows that initial droplet size distribution parameters (mean diameter and spread) have a significant effect on oil deposition location. In contrast, the Sauter mean diameter of droplets within the chamber showed little sensitivity to initial injection parameters. The behavior of oil within a bearing chamber is strongly influenced by the conditions with which it leaves the bearing. There is potential for performance improvement if bearing shed can be controlled or if chamber design can be modified such that oil behavior is insensitive to initial shed conditions.
V–Q sensitivity-based index for assessment of dynamic voltage stability of power systems

A large signal voltage stability index is proposed in this study. Although the study focuses on a wind farm connected system, the index can predict instability of any power system. The index gives an idea about the stability margin of the power system under a given operating condition and can be used to predict emergency situations following a large disturbance such as line outage. The proposed index can be used effectively for systems with static as well as dynamic loads. The proposed index is verified in standard test systems. Matrix perturbation theory is used to verify the viability of the index.
Design, implementation and academic perspectives on authentic assessment for applied business higher education in a top performing Asian economy

PurposeThe purpose of authentic assessment can enrich students with a set of skills that can have a significant impact on their employability. The key aim of these actions is to equip students with the practical skills to be work ready. The focus here is to demonstrate effects on student satisfaction and observations from teaching staff accrued over several semesters in an educational institution after introducing authentic assessments.Design/methodology/approachThis paper used a set of scaffolded authentic assessments for students in logistics and supply chain management (LSCM). A combination of literature and expert input was used to design and implement the authentic assessment. A multi-phase systematic approach using cyclical model steps articulated the course learning outcomes (CLOs). FindingsReinforced evidence that authentic assessments create options for divergent learners and provide opportunities for applying practical and higher-order cognitive skills in tertiary education system of an emerging economy. With the focus on student ability in doing things, students with diversified backgrounds and abilities in Asia can be encouraged to take an active role in their own learning. The formats of the newly redesigned assessments allow multidimensional cognitive capabilities such as art development (posters and video tasks) and reflective exercises. Importantly, formative types of authentic assessments help to decrease the level of anxiety by emphasising the aspect of doing and lead to better student satisfaction with the courses. All of these effects are shown to be repeatable in an Asian economy.Practical implicationsAuthentic assessments prepare students for the new world of work through a more focused scaffolding of their learning.Originality/valueStimulation of deeper learning in tertiary education students is relevant for a top performing Asian economy.
Efficiency of Fresh and Fermented Banana Stem in Low Protein Diet on Nutrient Digestibility, Productive Performance and Intestinal Morphology of Crossbred Pig ((Thai native x Meishan) x Duroc)

Banana stem is a common feed component for raising pigs in mountainous Southeast Asia. However, its nutritive value and digestibility are low. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of unfermented and fermented banana stems on crossbred pigs concerning nutrient digestibility, productive performance, and intestinal morphology. Initially, an in vitro ileal digestibility test was performed for the following feedstuffs: fresh banana stem (BS), fermented banana stem (FBS), concentrate (C), fresh banana stem + concentrate (BSC), and fermented banana stem + concentrate (FBSC). For the 120-day experiment, 16 crossbred pigs were divided into two groups and fed with BSC and FBSC. They were placed in individual cages and subsequently moved to metabolic cages for seven days to determine apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD). Finally, all pigs were slaughtered and their small intestines were analyzed for intestinal morphology. The results show that pure fresh and fermented banana stems had low digestibility. However, their digestibility increased by 50% when mixed with concentrate. Crossbred pigs fed BSC and FBSC did not exhibit significant differences in their performance, but the intestinal morphology of the FBSC group had improved intestinal morphology, especially the villi height. In conclusion, both fresh and fermented banana stems can be recommended in a low protein diet as feed for crossbred pigs in an improved production system. This is relevant for raising pigs in mountainous areas, as it has the potential to reduce feed cost and maintain production performance.