Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three Degrees-of-Freedom Hybrid Stage With Dual Actuators and Its Precision Motion Control

Nanotechnology can be defined as the research, development and processing of materials, devices and systems in which structure on a dimension of less than several hundreds of nanometer is essential to obtain the required functional performance. There are currently two different approaches to nanotechnology. The first approach is called engineering nanotechnology. This approach involves using classical mechanical and electrical engineering principles to build structures with tolerances at levels approaching a nanometer. The other approach is called molecular nanotechnology. This approach is concerned with self-assembled machines. Due to the startling progress of nanotechnology, we can make high density memories and flat panel display panels with the help of nanopositioning systems. Furthermore, it allows us to manipulate a molecule with scanning probe microscopes. One of the largest challenges in the field of nanotechnology is precision motion control of macroscopic stages. Especially, precision motion control on the nanometer level that delivers precision position stability with high bandwidth is a very important issue for industrial and scientific applications that especially include the lithography and inspection of integrated circuit patterns (Lee & Kim, 1997; Kwon et al., 2001; Pahk et al., 2001) and the fabrication and operation of high-density magnetic data storage devices (Chung et al., 2000; Kim & Lee, 2004; Lee & Kim, 2004; Du et al., 2005). In general, traditional stages are designed to operate with respect to a number of kinematic constraints, which are assemblages of mechanical parts and need to be compounded in order to perform multiple degrees-of-freedom (DOF) motion (Shan et al., 2002). These kinematic constraints provide contact friction and error accumulation (Awabdy et al., 1998), and thus, it is very difficult to implement a high-performance motion control system with high bandwidth as well as a precision multiple DOF stage that is capable of large travel with nanometer position stability. For stages only using coarse actuators such as linear motor or hydraulic actuator, there are nonlinear friction in low-speed motion and resonance mode in high-frequency motion. Thus, it is very difficult to achieve precision motion control performance with only coarse actuators although they provide large travel. One of the methods to overcome their limitation is adopting fine actuators such as piezoelectric actuator or voice coil motor (VCM). But, the travel of fine actuators is about several hundreds of micron meters to several millimeters, which is the limitation of them. Thus, if we design a hybrid actuation
The Psychological Maltreatment Review (PMR): Initial Reliability and Association with Insecure Attachment in Adults

A new instrument, the Psychological Maltreatment Review (PMR), is introduced and its psychometrics are described. The PMR examines adult retrospective reports of child psychological abuse, psychological neglect, and psychological support, measured separately for maternal and paternal figures. Male and female participants (N = 1,051) completed the PMR and a measure of adult attachment, the Revised Experiences in Close Relationships scale (Fraley, Waller, & Brennan, 2000). The three scales of the PMR demonstrated very good internal consistency. The structural validity of the PMR was supported by both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, as was the notion of an independent parental support/nonsupport variable. Indicative of the construct validity of this measure, all PMR scales were significantly correlated with anxious and avoidant attachment in close relationships. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that paternal neglect and maternal psychological abuse predicted participants' anxious attachment, whereas less paternal and maternal support was associated with avoidant attachment.
Enhance the biocompatibility and osseointegration of polyethylene terephthalate ligament by plasma spraying with hydroxyapatite in vitro and in vivo

Purpose This study was designed to evaluate the biocompatibility and osseointegration of polyethylene terephthalate ligament after coating with hydroxyapatite (PET/HA) by using the plasma spraying technique in vitro and in vivo. Methods In this study, PET/HA sheets were prepared by using the plasma spraying technique. The characterization, the viability of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), and the mRNA expression of bone formation-related genes were evaluated in vitro. The osseointegration in vivo was investigated in the rabbit anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction model by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, histological evaluation, and biomechanical tests. Results Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the surface of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) becomes rough after spraying with hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles, and the water contact angle was 75.4°±10.4° in the PET/HA-plasma group compared to 105.3°±10.9° in the control group (p<0.05). The cell counting kit-8 counting results showed that the number of BMSCs significantly increased in the PET/HA-plasma group (p<0.05). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results showed that there was an upregulated mRNA expression of bone formation-related genes in the PET/HA-plasma group (p<0.05). Micro-CT results showed that the transactional area of tibial tunnels and femoral tunnels was smaller in the PET/HA-plasma group (p<0.05). The histological evaluation scores of the PET/HA-plasma group were significantly superior to those of the PET control group at 8 and 12 weeks (p<0.05). The biomechanical tests showed an increased maximum load to failure and stiffness in the PET/HA-plasma group compared to those in the control group at 8 and 12 weeks. Conclusion Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated in this study suggest that the biocompatibility and osseointegration of PET/HA ligament were significantly improved by increasing the proliferation of cells and upregulating the expression of bone formation-related genes. In a word, the PET/HA-plasma ligament is a promising candidate for ACL reconstruction in future.
Dimensionality Reduction of Distributed Vector Word Representations and Emoticon Stemming for Sentiment Analysis

Social media platforms such as Twitter and the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) contain a vast amount of data which have applications in predictive sentiment analysis for movie sales, stock market fluctuations, brand opinion, or current events. Using a dataset taken from IMDb by Stanford, we identify some of the most significant phrases for identifying sentiment in a wide variety of movie reviews. Data from Twitter are especially attractive due to Twitter’s real-time nature through its streaming API. Effectively analyzing this data in a streaming fashion requires efficient models, which may be improved by reducing the dimensionality of input vectors. One way this has been done in the past is by using emoticons; we propose a method for further reducing these features through identifying common structure in emoticons with similar sentiment. We also examine the gender distribution of emoticon usage, finding tendencies towards certain emoticons to be disproportionate between males and females. Despite the roughly equal gender distribution on Twitter, emoticon usage is predominately female. Furthermore, we find that distributed vector representations, such as those produced by Word2Vec, may be reduced through feature selection. This analysis was done on a manually labeled sample of 1000 tweets from a new dataset, the Large Emoticon Corpus, which consisted of about 8.5 million tweets containing emoticons and was collecting over a five day period in May 2015. Additionally, using the common structure of similar emoticons, we are able to characterize positive and negative emoticons using two regular expressions which account for over 90% of emoticon usage in the Large Emoticon Corpus.
Direct modulation of myelin-autoreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in EAE mice by a tolerogenic nanoparticle co-carrying myelin peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complexes, CD47 and multiple regulatory molecules

Purpose Numerous nanomaterials have been reported in the treatment of multiple sclerosis or experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). But most of these nanoscale therapeutics deliver myelin antigens together with toxins or cytokines and underlay the cellular uptake and induction of tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells by which they indirectly induce T cell tolerance. This study focuses on the on-target and direct modulation of myelin-autoreactive T cells and combined use of multiple regulatory molecules by generating a tolerogenic nanoparticle. Materials and methods Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) were fabricated by co-coupling MOG40–54/H-2Db-Ig dimer, MOG35–55/I-Ab multimer, anti-Fas, PD-L1-Fc and CD47-Fc and encapsulating transforming growth factor-β1. The resulting 217 nm tolerogenic nanoparticles (tNPs) were administered intravenously into MOG35–55 peptide-induced EAE mice, which was followed by the investigation of therapeutic outcomes and the in vivo mechanism. Results Four infusions of the tNPs durably ameliorated EAE with a marked reduction of clinical score, neuroinflammation and demyelination. They were distributed in secondary lymphoid tissues, various organs and brain after intravenous injection, with retention over 36 h, and made contacts with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Two injections of the tNPs markedly decreased the MOG35–55-reactive Th1 and Th17 cells and MOG40–55-reactive Tc1 and Tc17 cells, increased regulatory T cells, inhibited T cell proliferation and elevated T cell apoptosis in spleen. Transforming growth factor-β1 and interleukin-10 were upregulated in the homogenates of central nervous system and supernatant of spleen cells. Conclusion Our data suggest a novel therapeutic nanoparticle to directly modulate autoreactive T cells by surface presentation of multiple ligands and paracrine release of cytokine in the antigen-specific combination immunotherapy for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
Scaling‐up biofortified beans high in iron and zinc through the school‐feeding program: A sensory acceptance study with schoolchildren from two departments in southwest Colombia

Abstract Iron and zinc deficiencies are global health problems, affecting mostly pregnant women and young children. In 2016, biofortified iron and zinc beans were introduced in Colombia. The incorporation of biofortified beans into the national school‐feeding program could facilitate adoption and potentially improve the nutritional status of large populations. However, biofortified beans have to be accepted in order to be consumed by populations. We therefore studied the sensory acceptability of two biofortified beans, BIO‐101 and BIO‐107, and local beans at schools with free feeding services in two departments of southwest Colombia. Measured on a five‐point Likert scale, the mean overall scores were 3.88 ± 0.64, 3.79 ± 0.74, and 3.81 ± 0.76, for BIO‐101, BIO‐107, and the local bean varieties, respectively, without significant differences. The children in Piendamó (Cauca) slightly preferred BIO‐107 over the local bean (p < .05) based on color, smell, and taste. The children in Caicedonia (Valle del Cauca) slightly favored the local bean over BIO‐107 (p < .05), regarding size, smell, and taste. Overall acceptability in schoolchildren was good for all beans without significant differences. This study advocates incorporation of accepted biofortified beans in the school‐feeding program, in order to reach large groups of schoolchildren and potentially improve their nutritional statuses.
End-Users Get Maneuvered: Empirical Analysis of Redirection Hijacking in Content Delivery Networks

The success of Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) relies on the mapping system that leverages dynamically generated DNS records to distribute client requests to a proximal server for achieving optimal content delivery. However, the mapping system is vulnerable to malicious hijacks, as (1) it is difficult to provide precomputed DNSSEC signatures for dynamically generated records, and (2) even considering when DNSSEC is enabled, DNSSEC itself is vulnerable to replay attacks. By leveraging crafted but legitimate mapping between the end-user and edge server, adversaries can hijack CDN’s request redirection and nullify the benefits offered by CDNs, such as proximal access, load balancing, and Denial-of-Service (DoS) protection, while remaining undetectable by existing security practices including DNSSEC. In this paper, we investigate the security implications of dynamic mapping that remain understudied in security and CDN communities. We perform a characterization of CDN’s service delivery and assess this fundamental vulnerability in DNS-based CDNs in the wild. We demonstrate that DNSSEC is ineffective to address this problem, even with the newly adopted ECDSA that is capable of achieving live signing. We then discuss practical countermeasures against such manipulation.
Growth performance, haematological and biochemical profile of sheep fed mango kernel meal (MKM) based diets.

The study was carried out to investigate the effect of mango (Mangifera indica) kernel meal (MKM) based diets on the growth performance, haematological and biochemical parameters of sheep. Performance of sixteen yearling West African Dwarf rams were evaluated using rice straw as basal diet and four diets of mango kernel meal (MKM, 0, 50, 75 and 100%) as concentrate supplements based diets. The four diets (T0, T50, T75 and T100) were fed in a completely randomized design with four replicates to the ram at 2% of body weight, while the rice straw was fed ad-libitum daily. As a follow up, blood parameters were screened to identify any ill effects of MKM on the health status of the animal. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences in the performance of the animals fed the four diets. The haematological indices of these animals were within the normal range of sheep as reported by researchers. The biochemical indices were also within the normal range. These are indications of no deleterious effect of MKM on the health of the animals. It is thus concluded that MKM can be included in the diets of yearling West African Dwarf rams without any detrimental effect on the haematology and biochemical profile of sheep.
Optimised meta-clustering approach for clustering Time Series Matrices

The prognostics (health state) of multiple components represented as time series data stored in vectors and matrices were processed and clustered more effectively and efficiently using the newly devised ‘Meta-Clustering’ approach. These time series data gathered from large applications and systems in diverse fields such as communication, medicine, data mining, audio, visual applications, and sensors. The reason time series data was used as the domain of this research is that meaningful information could be extracted regarding the characteristics of systems and components found in large applications. Also when it came to clustering, only time series data would allow us to group these data according to their life cycle, i.e. from the time which they were healthy until the time which they start to develop faults and ultimately fail. Therefore by proposing a technique that can better process extracted time series data would significantly cut down on space and time consumption which are both crucial factors in data mining. This approach will, as a result, improve the current state of the art pattern recognition algorithms such as K-NM as the clusters will be identified faster while consuming less space. The project also has application implications in the sense that by calculating the distance between the similar components faster while also consuming less space means that the prognostics of multiple components clustered can be realised and understood more efficiently. This was achieved by using the Meta-Clustering approach to process and cluster the time series data by first extracting and storing the time series data as a two-dimensional matrix. Then implementing an enhance K-NM clustering algorithm based on the notion of Meta-Clustering and using the Euclidean distance tool to measure the similarity between the different set of failure patterns in space. This approach would initially classify and organise each component within its own refined individual cluster. This would provide the most relevant set of failure patterns that show the highest level of similarity and would also get rid of any unnecessary data that adds no value towards better understating the failure/health state of the component. Then during the second stage, once these clusters were effectively obtained, the following inner clusters initially formed are thereby grouped into one general cluster that now represents the prognostics of all the processed components. The approach was tested on multivariate time series data extracted from IGBT components within Matlab and the results achieved from this experiment showed that the optimised Meta-Clustering approach proposed does indeed consume less time and space to cluster the prognostics of IGBT components as compared to existing data mining techniques.
Disentangling Risk and Change

Using data on 3,225 actively managed U.S. mutual funds from 1980 to 2006, we test hypotheses designed to disentangle risk and change as outcomes of behavioral performance feedback routines. We theorize that managers make decisions involving risk and decisions involving change under different conditions and motivated by different concerns. Our results show internal social comparison across units within a firm will motivate risk, whereas external social comparison across firms will motivate change. When a fund experiences a performance shortfall relative to internal social comparison, the manager is likely to make decisions that involve risk because the social and spatial proximity of internal comparisons trigger individual concern and fear of negative individual consequences, such as job loss. In contrast, when a fund experiences a performance shortfall in comparison with external benchmarks, the manager is more likely to consider the shortfall an organizational concern and make changes that do not necessarily involve risk. Although we might assume that negative performance in comparison with both internal and external benchmarks would spur risky change, our results indicate that risky change occurs most often when a decision maker receives unfavorable internal social performance feedback and favorable external social performance feedback. By questioning assumptions about why and when organizational change involves risk, this study begins to separate change and risk outcomes of the decision-making process.
Testing astronomically tuned age models

Astrochronology is fundamental to many paleoclimate studies, but a standard statistical test has yet to be established for validating stand-alone astronomically tuned time scales (those lacking detailed independent time control) against their astronomical insolation tuning curves. Shackleton et al. (1995) proposed that the modulation of precession's amplitude by eccentricity can be used as an independent test for the successful tuning of paleoclimate data. Subsequent studies have demonstrated that eccentricity-like amplitude modulation can be artificially generated in random data, following astronomical tuning. Here we introduce a new statistical approach that circumvents the problem of introducing amplitude modulations during tuning and data processing, thereby allowing the use of amplitude modulations for astronomical time scale evaluation. The method is based upon the use of the Hilbert transform to calculate instantaneous amplitude following application of a wide band precession filter and subsequent low-pass filtering of the instantaneous amplitude to extract potential eccentricity modulations. Statistical significance of the results is evaluated using phase-randomized surrogates that preserve the power spectrum structure of the data but have randomized amplitude modulations. Application of the new testing algorithm to two astronomically tuned data sets demonstrates the efficacy of the technique and confirms the presence of astronomical signals. Additionally, it is demonstrated that a minimal tuning approach using (at maximum) one precession cycle per ~100 kyr eccentricity cycle does not introduce systematic frequency modulations, even when a narrow band-pass filter is applied, allowing direct comparison of data amplitudes and orbital eccentricity.
Thermal, crystallization, mechanical, and rheological characteristics of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends

Blends of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) in the amorphous state were miscible in all of the blend compositions studied, as evidenced by a single, composition-dependent glass-transition temperature observed for each blend composition. The variation in the glass-transition temperature with the blend composition was well predicted by the Gordon–Taylor equation, with the fitting parameter being 0.91. The cold-crystallization (peak) temperature decreased with an increasing PTT content, whereas the melt-crystallization (peak) temperature decreased with an increasing amount of the minor component. The subsequent melting behavior after both cold and melt crystallizations exhibited melting point depression behavior in which the observed melting temperatures decreased with an increasing amount of the minor component of the blends. During crystallization, the pure components crystallized simultaneously just to form their own crystals. The blend having 50 wt % of PTT showed the lowest apparent degree of crystallinity and the lowest tensile-strength values. The steady shear viscosity values for the pure components and the blends decreased slightly with an increasing shear rate (within the shear rate range of 0.25–25 s−1); those of the blends were lower than those of the pure components. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 676–686, 2004