Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation of the name Edraianthus sutjeskae (Campanulaceae), a narrow endemic of southeastern Dinaric Alps (eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Edraianthus sutjeskae R. Lakusic, originaly described in 1974, was an invalidly published name because in its type citation the collector's name and collection date were omitted. Hereby we validate the name by indicating the holotype kept at the Natural Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina (SARA).
Assisted Gene Flow to Facilitate Local Adaptation to Climate Change

Assisted gene flow (AGF) between populations has the potential to mitigate maladaptation due to climate change. However, AGF may cause outbreeding depression (especially if source and recipient populations have been long isolated) and may disrupt local adaptation to nonclimatic factors. Selection should eliminate extrinsic outbreeding depression due to adaptive differences in large populations, and simulations suggest that, within a few generations, evolution should resolve mild intrinsic outbreeding depression due to epistasis. To weigh the risks of AGF against those of maladaptation due to climate change, we need to know the species' extent of local adaptation to climate and other environmental factors, as well as its pattern of gene flow. AGF should be a powerful tool for managing foundation and resource-producing species with large populations and broad ranges that show signs of historical adaptation to local climatic conditions.
Sire breed and breed genotype of dam effects in crossbreeding beef cattle in the subtropics 1. Birth and weaning

The influence of sire breed and breed genotype of dam on birth and weaning mass in calves of Afrikaner, Hereford, Simmentaler and Bonsmara cattle, as well as F 1 , and two- and three-breed rotational crosses between Afrikaner, Hereford and Simmentaler were investigated. Afrikaner bulls sired calves with lower birth and weaning mass ( P ≤ 0.05) than other breeds of sire. In terms of weaning mass, all the crossbreeding systems proved superior to purebred Afrikaner and Hereford breeding, but not to purebred Simmentaler and Bonsmara breeding. Simmentaler dams produced calves of heavier ( P < 0.05) birth mass than other purebreds. An increase in percentage Afrikaner breeding in the dam led to a reduction in birth mass, while the reverse applied to an increase in Simmentaler breeding. Cows of predominant Simmentaler breeding tended to wean heavier calves than cows of predominant Afrikaner breeding. Die invloed van vaderras en genotipe van moeder op die geboorte- en speenmassa van Afrikaner-, Hereford-, Simmentaler- en Bonsmarakalwers, sowel as F 1 , en 'n twee- en drieras-rotasiekruising tussen Afrikaner, Hereford en Simmentaler is ondersoek. Afrikanervaders het kalwers met laer geboorte- en speenmassas ( P ≤0.05) geproduseer as ander vaderrasse. Ten opsigte van speenmassa het al die kruisteeltstelsels beter as die suiwer Afrikaner en Hereford presteer, maar nie beter as suiwer Simmentaler en Bonsmara nie. Simmentalermoeders het kalwers met hoer ( P < 0.05) geboortemassas as ander suiwer rasse geproduseer. 'n Toename in die persentasie Afrikanerteling het 'n afname in geboortemassa tot gevolg gehad, maar die teenoorgestelde is gevind vir 'n toename in Simmentalerteling. Koeie van oorwegend Simmentalerteling het swaarder kalwers gespeen as koeie van oorwegend Afrikanerteling. Keywords : Birth mass, crossbreeding, dam breed genotype, sire breed, weaning mass.
Learning with Submodular Functions: A Convex Optimization Perspective

Submodular functions are relevant to machine learning for at least two reasons: (1) some problems may be expressed directly as the optimization of submodular functions and (2) the Lovsz extension of submodular functions provides a useful set of regularization functions for supervised and unsupervised learning. In Learning with Submodular Functions: A Convex Optimization Perspective, the theory of submodular functions is presented in a self-contained way from a convex analysis perspective, presenting tight links between certain polyhedra, combinatorial optimization and convex optimization problems. In particular, it describes how submodular function minimization is equivalent to solving a wide variety of convex optimization problems. This allows the derivation of new efficient algorithms for approximate and exact submodular function minimization with theoretical guarantees and good practical performance. By listing many examples of submodular functions, it reviews various applications to machine learning, such as clustering, experimental design, sensor placement, graphical model structure learning or subset selection, as well as a family of structured sparsity-inducing norms that can be derived and used from submodular functions. Learning with Submodular Functions: A Convex Optimization Perspective is an ideal reference for researchers, scientists, or engineers with an interest in applying submodular functions to machine learning problems.
Intracellular Transport, Assembly, And Degradation Of Wild‐Type And Disease‐Linked Mutant Gap Junction Proteins

More than 130 different mutations in the gap junction integral plasma membrane protein connexin32 (Cx32) have been linked to the human peripheral neuropathy X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX). How these various mutants are processed by the cell and the mechanism(s) by which they cause CMTX are unknown. To address these issues, we have studied the intracellular transport, assembly, and degradation of three CMTX-linked Cx32 mutants stably expressed in PC12 cells. Each mutant had a distinct fate: E208K Cx32 appeared to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas both the E186K and R142W mutants were transported to perinuclear compartments from which they trafficked either to lysosomes (R142W Cx32) or back to the ER (E186K Cx32). Despite these differences, each mutant was soluble in nonionic detergent but unable to assemble into homomeric connexons. Degradation of both mutant and wild-type connexins was rapid (t(1/2) < 3 h) and took place at least in part in the ER by a process sensitive to proteasome inhibitors. The mutants studied are therefore unlikely to cause disease by accumulating in degradation-resistant aggregates but instead are efficiently cleared from the cell by quality control processes that prevent abnormal connexin molecules from traversing the secretory pathway.
Rind Structure, Epicuticular Wax Morphology and Water Permeability of 'Fortune' Mandarin Fruits affected by Peel Pitting

Abstract Rind structure and surface wax morphology of 'Fortune' mandarins affected by pre-harvest peel pitting were examined as related to the severity of this disorder. In fruits with slight symptoms of pitting ( 50% surface area pitted). The depressed areas in these fruits were devoid of crystalline wax structures and had a rough morphology. Broad regions of rind had crushed epidermal and hypodermal cells with infolded walls. These cells were either empty or filled with reduced cytoplasm amounts located in central positions of the cell. No signs of disruption in the cuticle were observed. Under field conditions, pitting occurrence coincided with higher permeability values of isolated cuticles. Furthermore, length of cold treatments required to show post-harvest pitting symptoms was shorter in fruits sampled at this stage than in those collected earlier or later. Our results indicate that the low temperatures induce the breakdown of the more external cellular strata of the rind. Thus, the physiological function of cuticle is highly impaired which, in turn, increases water permeability considerably.
Molecular Docking of Curcumin With Breast Cancer Cell Line Proteins

Background: Breast cancer is known as the most widely recognized dangerous tumors; therefore, the most common reason for mortality among all instances of harmful neoplastic illness in females. This is because the lack of specific signs and symptoms at the early stage and at the aggressive nature. Currently, breast cancer treatment such as chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy has not been effective. Objectives: In this study, Three-Dimensional (3D) structures of caspase 3, mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MADCAM1) and nuclear factor NF-kappa-B-p105 subunit (breast cancer cell line proteins) were created; and their binding interaction between proteins and curcumin through molecular docking approach were studied. Methods: The proteins were created using Swiss model and viewed by PyMol software. The physical and chemical characters of the proteins were analysed by Expasy’s ProtParam Proteomics server. Besides that, the secondary structures of the proteins were analysed by SOPMA (Self Optimized Prediction Method from Alignment) server. After that, they were evaluated by PROCHECK, ProQ, ERRAT, and Verify3D analysis. Lastly, the breast cancer cell line proteins were docked with curcumin using BSP-Slim server. Results: All the protein structures were good quality and within the acceptable range. The curcumin showed the binding energy with caspase 3, mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 and nuclear factor NF-kappa-B-p105 subunit at 4.140, 7.201 and 3.165 kcal/mol respectively. Conclusion: The nuclear factor NF-kappa-B-p105 subunit had the strongest bond with curcumin. Curcumin can be potential drug for breast cancer treatment. Therefore, it can further be investigated in laboratory experiments.
Fungi fimicola Aegyptiaci: I. Recent investigations and conservation in arid South Sinai

Sixty one species of coprophilous fungi distributed in 39 genera were recorded from dung of goat, feral donkey and one-humped camel collected from the arid desert areas of the Saint Katherine Protectorate, South Sinai, Egypt. The samples were collected on a monthly basis from October 2012 to March 2013, dried, taken to the laboratory and incubated in moist chambers for 6 to 20 weeks. Morphological features of sporulating ascomycetes were used to characterize and identify the species. Higher number of taxa was observed in feral donkey dung, followed by camel and goat dung. On the generic level, Chaetomium came first, accommodating the highest number of species (7), followed by Fusarium, Pilobolus and Thielavia. Coprinopsis stercorea is apparently a new record for Egypt. Collections are described and the occurrence and distribution of species is discussed, supplemented with a dichotomous key to all reported taxa.
Taxonomic re-examination of six species of Nitella (Charales, Charophyceae) from Asia, and phylogenetic relationships within the genus based on rbcL and atpB gene sequences

Abstract Six taxa of Nitella (Charales, Charophyceae), collected from Asia, were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the oospores, and sequencing of the gene encoding the large subunit of Rubisco (rbcL), in order to improve our understanding of their taxonomic status. Our SEM observations demonstrated that the oospore morphology of four taxa belonging to the subgenus Tieffa1lenia [N. megaspora (J. Groves) Sakayama, comb. nov. (= N. pseudoflabellata f. megaspora), N. tumulosa (= N. furcata f. tumulosa), N. gracillima (= N. gracilis f. gracillima) and N. axilliformis (= N. translucens f. axilliformis)] is distinctly different from that of the species N. pseudoflabellata, N. furcata, N. gracilis and N. translucens, respectively, to which R.D. Wood assigned them as infraspecific taxa. Our rbcL sequence data showed that N. megaspora is separated phylogenetically from N. pseudoflabellata, N. tumulosa from N. furcata and N. axilliformis from N. translucens. In addition, to re-examine the taxonomic system of Nitella proposed by R.D. Wood, who treated oospore wall ornamentations as diagnostic at the infraspecific level, we carried out molecular phylogenetic analyses using the combined sequence data set for the gene encoding the beta subunit of ATP synthase (atpB) and the rbcL gene of these six species, as well as eleven species of Nitella studied previously. The combined sequence data resolved fiverobust clades within the subgenus Tieffallenia that were characterized by differences in oospore wall ornamentation. However, the species and sectional diagnoses of R.D. Wood, such as the form and cell number of dactyls in vegetative thalli, were variable within the clades. Therefore, R.D. Wood's taxonomic system appears unnatural, at least within the subgenus Tieffallenia.
Overexpression of LOV KELCH PROTEIN 2 enhances cell elongation and increases cell number and ploidy in the hypocotyl of Arabidopsis thaliana

LOV KELCH PROTEIN 2 (LKP2) belongs to a group of blue light receptors in Arabidopsis thaliana that possess 1 light, oxygen, or voltage (LOV) domain, 1 F-box motif, and 1 kelch repeat domain. Members of this group regulate both the circadian clock and photoperiodic flowering. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing a fusion of the genes for green fluorescent protein (GFP) and LKP2 exhibited long hypocotyls and arrhythmicity under constant light and late flowering under long-day conditions, as previously reported for LKP2-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants. The GFP- LKP2-overexpressing plants with elongated hypocotyls had more cortical cells than control plants but the same number of epidermal cells. Further, the cells in the hypocotyls of GFP-LKP2-overexpressing plants, especially in the middle regions of the epidermis and cortex, were longer and possessed larger nuclei, with increased DNA content. Therefore, LKP2 overexpression induces cell elongation and increases in cell number and ploidy in the Arabidopsis hypocotyls.
The geographic isolation impact on evolution of some morpho-physiological features in the brown trout (Salmo trutta fario Linnaeus).

The researches made by our team have in view the bio-morphometric study of some brown trout populations. We aimed, on the one hand, to see the geographic and reproductive isolation impact and, on the other hand to highlight the environmental factors’ influence on morphological features in this species. The researches have in view three aquatic basins, known as sanctuaries of the brown trout, respectively Someş, Criş and Arieş. For the morphometric study were taken in calculus 14 body dimensions, which allow to analyze on scientific basis the intra-specific variability degree, to which we add also the estimation of some meristic features (number of red or black spots). All data were statistically processed using modern methods thereby the interpretation errors to be more reduced. The results are presented in tables included in our paper.
Rethinking poverty

For the past hundred years thinking about poverty has been stuck within an empiricist framework that has concentrated on the measure ment of poverty to the neglect of theory and explanation. This has had very limiting effects on the way that both poverty and the poor have been understood. It is time to re-think how poverty is looked at and analysed in order to locate it within its proper political perspective, not only to arrive at more meaningful measurement but also to help de velop a strategy to overcome it.
Octocorallia from North-Western Madagascar (Part II)

INTRODUCTION During the years 1960, 1963, 1964 and 1967 Dr. Arthur G. Humes, Boston University, Massachusetts, U.S.A. , collected a number of octocorals in the waters north-west of Madagascar, near the islands Nosy Be, Nosy Komba, Ambariobe (a small island nearly between Nosy Komba and Nosy Be), Tany Kely (a small island to the south of Nosy Be), Nosy Faly, Isles Mitsio, etc. The purpose of his collecting was the study of the copepods associated with these corals. In order to know the identity of the coral hosts of his copepods, Dr. Humes entrusted his extensive collection to me for identification. I wish to express my best thanks to Dr. Humes for giving me the opportunity of working on his interesting material. The present paper forms the first of a series devoted to these octocorals, which now form part of the collection of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden; the registered numbers are indicated with the abbreviation RMNH. Through the kindness of Dr. J. H. Stock of the Zoologisch Museum at Amsterdam I could also examine material held by that Museum and collected by Dr. Stock in 1963 and 1964 at the same localities as Dr. Humes's specimens. Dr. Stock's material is indicated with registered numbers preceded by the abbreviation ZMA. For comparative purposes also material of the Siboga Expedition from the collection of the Amsterdam Museum was examined. I also examined fragments of the schizo-syntype of Sympodium fuscum Thomson & Henderson, which are kept in the British Museum (Natural History), London; the fragments have been placed at my disposal through the kindness of Dr. R. W. Sims, curator of the Annelida Section, who was then temporarily
Diagnosing declining grassland wader populations using simple matrix models

Many populations of wader species have shown a strong decline in number in Western-Europe in recent years. The use of simple population models such as matrix models can contribute to conserve these populations by identifying the most profitable management measures. Parameterization of such models is often hampered by the availability of demographic data (survival and reproduction). In particular, data on survival in the pre-adult (immature) stage of wader species that remain in wintering areas outside Europe are notoriously difficult to obtain, and are therefore virtually absent in the literature. To diagnose population decline in the wader species; Black-tailed Godwit, Curlew, Lapwing, Oystercatcher, and Redshank, we extended an existing modelling framework in which incomplete demographic data can be analysed, developed for species with a pre-adult stage of one year. The framework is based on a Leslie matrix model with three parameters: yearly reproduction (number of fledglings per pair), yearly pre-adult (immature) and yearly adult (mature) survival. The yearly population growth rate of these populations and the relative sensitivity of this rate to changes in survival and reproduction parameters (the elasticity) were calculated numerically and, if possible, analytically. The results showed a decrease in dependence on reproduction and an increase in pre-adult survival of the population growth rate with an increase in the duration of the pre-adult stage. In general, adult survival had the highest elasticity, but elasticity of pre-adult survival increased with time to first reproduction, a result not reported earlier. Model results showed that adult survival and reproduction estimates reported for populations of Redshank and Curlew were too low to maintain viable populations. Based on the elasticity patterns and the scope for increase in actual demographic parameters we inferred that conservation of the Redshank and both Curlew populations should focus on reproduction. For one Oystercatcher and the Black-tailed Godwit populations we suggested a focus on both reproduction and pre-adult survival. For the second Oystercatcher population pre-adult survival seemed the most promising target for conservation. And for the Lapwing populations all demographic parameters should be considered.
Differential heat tolerance in nestlings suggests sympatric species may face different climate change risks

For endotherms, a major threat of climate change will be the increasing frequency of extreme climate events, including heat waves. Thus, the ability of different species to tolerate high environmental temperatures is likely to have important consequences for ecology and population dynamics. We investigated the impacts of exposure to high temperatures on survival, mass gain and physiological stress of nestlings of 2 sympatric bird species subjected to the same climatic conditions in the Mediterranean basin. Results showed species-specific responses to high temperatures. Whilst hyperthermia or acute dehydration caused 36% mortality among lesser kestrels Falco naumanni, none occurred among European rollers Coracias garrulus. Within survivors, high maximum daily temperatures significantly reduced mass gain, especially among kestrels. Moreover, mass loss during heat events was shown to result in carry-over fitness costs only for lesser kestrels, by decreasing fledging condition and likely impacting post-fledging survival. High nest temperatures strongly elevated physiological stress levels of kestrels. Overall, rollers exhibited greater resilience to heat than kestrels, surviving nest temperatures up to 50°C and recovering from mass losses, suggesting that nestling development is flexible enough to cope with the constraints imposed by occasional heat waves. Although predicted increases in the frequency of extreme temperatures can accentuate lethal and sublethal fitness costs for both species, the higher thermal tolerance of rollers makes them more resilient. Our results highlight that sympatric species are not equally at risk when facing climate change and suggest that successfully predicting species response to global warming will require a better understanding of species-specific thermal tolerance.
The COVID-19 Open Research Dataset - Abstract

: The COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19) is a growing corpus of scientiﬁc articles on COVID-19 and related historical research on other coronavirus outbreaks and epidemics. Since its release on March 13th, 2020, CORD-19 has grown to include over 45K articles (of which over 30K have machine-readable structured full text) and has been widely adopted for various text mining and information retrieval applications. In this talk, we discuss the curation of CORD-19 and promising avenues of research conducted over the corpus. We hope this resource will bring together the computing community, clinical experts, and policy makers in the search for eﬀective treatments and management policies for COVID-19. Biographies: Lucy Lu Wang is a Young Investigator at the Allen Institute for AI, where she is part of the Semantic Scholar Research team. She works on increasing access to and understanding of scientiﬁc text, with a focus on applications in bioNLP, biomedical ontology, and the science of science. Her work on gender trends in publishing and supplement interaction detection has been featured in Geekwire, Gizmodo, Axios, VentureBeat, and the New York Times. She completed her PhD at the University of Washington in Biomedical and Health Informatics. Kyle Lo is a research scientist at the Allen Institute for AI on the Semantic Scholar Research team, where he works on NLP for scientiﬁc text with emphasis on knowledge extraction, summarization, and discourse. His recent work has been in domain adaptation of language models for improved scientiﬁc text mining and AI-assistive tools for improving research workﬂows. His work on pro-gramatically identifying sex bias in clinical trial participation published in JAMA was featured in Quartz. He has an MS in Statistics from the University of Washington.