Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Zoomingin on quartzitic outcrops: micro-habitat influences on flora and vegetation

Abstract Rock outcrop vegetation is recognized worldwide by its singular and biodiverse flora. Campo Rupestre forms hyperdiverse mosaics in rocky environments across a wide latitudinal and altitudinal gradient, with high species turnover at macro- and micro-scales. The surrounding biomes, climate, and geological formations are the main drivers of species turnover on a macro-scale while micro-habitat seems to be the main one determining the peculiarities of the Campo Rupestre on a micro-scale. In a quartzitic Campo Rupestre area we evaluate how the outcrop micro-habitats influence floristic composition and functional traits. The study area is located in the municipality of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil. Two main outcrop habitats were considered: top surfaces, with bare rock, shallow depressions and ephemeral ponds; and lateral surfaces, with clefts and crevices. We recorded the vascular species, their respective life-forms (according to Raunkiaer’s system) as well as their coverage in 18 plots. We identified 71 species in 31 families. The floristic spectra and species composition were similar between top and lateral surfaces. There was no significant difference among the vegetational spectra. However, hemicryptophytes were slightly dominant on top, while on the sides chamaephytes were the dominant life-form. Understanding plant adaptations to these environments provides insights into the mechanisms underlying geomorphological heterogeneity in plant communities.
Iris recognition using self-organizing neural network

Among biometric systems for user verification, iris recognition systems represent a relatively new technology. Our system consists of two main parts: a localizing iris and iris pattern recognition. The raw image is captured using a digital camera. The iris is then extracted from the background after enhancement and noise elimination. Due to noise and the high degree of freedom in the iris pattern, only parts of the iris structure are selected for recognition. The selected iris structure is then reconstructed into a rectangle format. Using a trained self-organizing map neural network, iris patterns are recognized. The overall accuracy of our network is found to be about 83%.
NEW TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATION OF FARFIELD FROM NEAR-ZONE PHASELESS DATA

A new method for the estimation of the far field from two amplitude distributions in near zone is presented. The crucial point of the proposed approach relies on the choice of an appropriate function of the data, which is minimised in order to find the solution. It turns out that, although the problem is nonlinear, the global minimum can be found efficiently by a Newton-like minimisation procedure.
Multi-Objective Optimization of a Piezoelectric Sandwich Ultrasonic Transducer by Using Elitist Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm

The multi-objective optimal design of a piezoelectric sandwich ultrasonic transducer is studied. The maximum vibration amplitude and the minimum electrical input power are considered as optimization objectives. Design variables involve continuous variables (dimensions of the transducer) and discrete variables (material types). Based on analytical models, the optimal design is formulated as a constrained multi-objective optimization problem. The optimization problem is then solved by using the elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and Pareto-optimal designs are obtained. The optimized results are analyzed and the preferred design is proposed. The optimization procedure presented in this contribution can be applied in multi-objective optimization problems of other piezoelectric transducers.
Conversational Recommender Systems Based on Mobile Chatbot for Culinary

Culinary places are one of the tourists attractions in a place that makes many new culinary places appear. Various types of new foods and drinks are present along with the addition of culinary places. However, this can be a problem when tourists visit a new destination and look for a culinary place that suits their tastes. In the previous research on the recommendation system for culinary places, users only gave their preferences at the beginning of the recommendation process and ignored the operating hours of the recommended culinary places. Therefore, we developed a recommendation system for culinary places by utilizing the context of time from users. We use the Conversational Recommender System on the chatbot platform with the Personalized PageRank algorithm to generate recommendations. In addition, we also use the explanation facility to get an explanation of the recommended items. We use questionnaires and the accuracy of recommendation results to measure user satisfaction and system performance. The evaluation results with a questionnaire involving 81 respondents concluded that users are pretty satisfied with the system built. However, testing with accuracy yields a value of 40%, proving that the system performance is low
Processing desktop work on a large high-resolution display: studies and designs

With the ever increasing amount of digital information, information workers desire more screen real estate to process their daily desktop work. Thanks to the quick advance in display technology, big screens are increasingly affordable and have been gradually adopted in desktop computing environments. A large wall-size high resolution display, a recent emerging class of display which possesses a huge visualization surface, could potentially benefit information processing work. In this dissertation we investigate such a large display as the primary working space for information processing work. We firstly conducted a longitudinal diary study and three control experiments investigating effects of a large display on information processing work. The longitudinal diary study investigates large display use in a personal desktop computing context by comparing it with single- and dual-monitor. The three controlled experiments further investigate the effects of two factors determining resolution of a display—physical size and pixel-density on users' performance and behaviors. The diary study reveals the distinct behavior patterns of large display users in partitioning screen space and managing windows, while the control experiments deeply reveal the effects of the physical size and pixel density of a display on different information processing tasks. Aside from studying a continuous large display, we also articulate how interior bezels within a tiled-monitor large display affect users' performance and behaviors in basic visual search and action tasks via a series of controlled experiments. Based on the understanding of large display effects and users' behavior patterns, we then design new interaction techniques to address a big challenge of working on a large display: managing overflowing windows. We design and implement a large display oriented window management system prototype: WallTop. It includes a set of interaction techniques that provide greater flexibility for managing windows. Usability tests show that users can quickly and easily learn the new techniques and apply them to realistic window management tasks with increased efficiency on a large display.
Probe card with probe pins grown by the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) method

Probe cards mounted with vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) grown silicon whiskers have been produced. In this development the "mesa method", in which VLS whiskers are grown on silicon mesas topped with gold hats, has been successfully introduced which allows accurate positioning of the VLS whiskers. The VLS whisker grows vertically to over 2000 /spl mu/m in length and a diameter of 10-100 /spl mu/m has been obtained. The metal-plated whisker has enough compliance with the overdrive capability of up to 400 /spl mu/m to compensate for the prober error and the possible irregularity of the wafer surface which maintains reliable contact. Two fabrication methods to accomplish the wiring of the VLS whiskers onto the card assembly are proposed. One method is to transfer the VLS whiskers onto a patterned substrate after encapsulating in a transfer media, the other is to grow the VLS whiskers on a patterned silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. The design concept of the whisker probe pins is also proposed. The card has the potential to be used as a narrow-pitch, high pad-count probe card which has more than 300 probe pins which are less than 50 /spl mu/m in pitch. The card obtained by the SOI process has potential application as a wafer level burn-in (WLBI) card with the same thermal expansion coefficient as a silicon wafer. Patterning on a SOI wafer enables a possible low-impedance transmission line in a high speed circuit.
Total-dose radiation response of hafnium-silicate capacitors

Hafnium-silicate capacitors with 4.5-nm equivalent oxide thickness gate insulators were irradiated with 10-keV X-rays. The midgap and flatband voltage shifts in these devices increase linearly with dose and are significantly larger than the shifts seen in high quality, thermal SiO/sub 2/ gate oxides of similar electrical thickness. The standard trapping efficiency equation is adapted for calculating effective trapping efficiencies in alternative dielectrics and used to compare the radiation response of hafnium silicate to SiO/sub 2/ from several manufacturers. The effects of common reliability screens such as "burn-in" and bias stress tests are also discussed. It is shown that baking these devices can degrade their capacitance-voltage characteristics, and large applied voltages inject excess charge into the dielectric, which can lead to a misinterpretation of the radiation results. However, the radiation responses of these devices, coupled with the demonstrated resistance of these films to heavy-ion induced gate rupture in previous studies, suggest that alternative dielectrics to SiO/sub 2/ potentially could be integrated into future electronics technologies for many low-power space applications.
BIODESIGNING WITH EUROPEAN UNDERGRADUATES: ADAPTATION, TRADE-OFFS, AND OUTCOMES

Biomedical engineering innovation and entrepreneurship education poses challenges that are not addressed in general entrepreneurship education courses or even in technology-based entrepreneurship education programs. We have adapted the Stanford Biodesign Program to be included in the Bioengineering Master’s program running at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP). As part of the curriculum, we offer a one-semester, medical device-specific innovation and entrepreneurship course in which students work with technologies under development at the university. Our work shows how it is possible to adapt an American postgraduate course to a European undergraduate setting, involving both researchers and students. We present the course evolution from our original proposal to an elective, and then to a core course in the Master’s curriculum. We also address the process of directly sourcing technologies from researchers, major challenges faced in the course design and administration, and the students’ view on the course.
Critical Thinking in Evaluation Instruments at BSE Indonesian Language

This article aims to describe the diversity of critical thinking contained in the evaluation instrument at BSE Indonesian SMA 2019/2020 Academic Year. This study uses a qualitative approach by applying the principles of content analysis. The data sources in this study were 541 evaluation instruments spread over eight teaching materials, namely compiling procedural texts, studying explanatory texts, managing information in lectures, lectures, studying life in short stories, preparing propoquestions, designing scientific papers, assessing works through reviews, and plays. The results showed that there were 189 evaluation instruments relevant to critical thinking aspects. Determines the credibility of a source and distinguishes between relevant and irrelevant as much as 22 or 11.6%. Identifies and evaluates unspoken assumptions and identifies biases that exist as many as 19 questions or 10.1%. Identifies the point of view as much as 100 questions or 52.9%, and evaluates the evidence offered to support as much as 7 question or 3.7%. These findings indicate, that efforts to develop critical thinking aspects in the evaluation instrument of BSE Indonesian SMA have been well developed.
Research on ANN Dynamic Inversion Control of UAV

The paper proposes a method to design AANN dynamic inversion controller through online ANN compensating inversion error. It mainly aims at evident shortage of dynamic inversion controller of UAV. A single hidden layer ANN structure is constructed and the stability of the whole closed loop system is proved. Also the stable adjustment arithmetic of online ANN weight is proposed. The robustness, the adaptability to fault and the response capability to actuator delay time of the scheme are verified by simulation. It is also proved that the online ANN has improved the performance of dynamic inversion controller well. It has important reference value for designing advanced flight control systems of UAV.
The NASA Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) Mission: Imaging the Chemistry of the Global Atmosphere

This article provides an overview of the NASA Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) mission and a summary of selected scientific findings to date. ATom was an airborne measurements and modeling campaign aimed at characterizing the composition and chemistry of the troposphere over the most remote regions of the Pacific, Southern, Atlantic, and Arctic Oceans, and examining the impact of anthropogenic and natural emissions on a global scale. These remote regions dominate global chemical reactivity and are exceptionally important for global air quality and climate. ATom data provide the in situ measurements needed to understand the range of chemical species and their reactions, and to test satellite remote sensing observations and global models over large regions of the remote atmosphere. Lack of data in these regions, particularly over the oceans, has limited our understanding of how atmospheric composition is changing in response to shifting anthropogenic emissions and physical climate change. ATom was designed as a global-scale tomographic sampling mission with extensive geographic and seasonal coverage, tropospheric vertical profiling, and detailed speciation of reactive compounds and pollution tracers. ATom flew the NASA DC-8 research aircraft over four seasons to collect a comprehensive suite of measurements of gases, aerosols, and radical species from the remote troposphere and lower stratosphere on four global circuits from 2016 to 2018. Flights maintained near-continuous vertical profiling of 0.15–13-km altitudes on long meridional transects of the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean basins. Analysis and modeling of ATom data have led to the significant early findings highlighted here.
Exploration and Identification of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in the Rhizosphere of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao. L) in West Sumatra

West Sumatra was declared as a center for Indonesian cocoa in the western portion. Almost all areas in West Sumatra are suitable for cocoa cultivation, so the cocoa planting area covers almost all the districts in the province. However, West Sumatran Cocoa production decline occurs because cocoa plantations are still mostly cultivated with smallholder plantations. The occurrence of land conversion and reduced land carrying capacity, including soil fertility, is due to the continuous use of inorganic fertilizers, which results in a decrease in the ecological quality of the land. Efforts to improve land conditions biologically by utilizing soil biotechnology. One of the soil microbes that can be utilized is Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). AMF that live in a symbiotic mutualism with plant roots and helps the absorption of plant nutrients and live in various places. The study aimed to identify arbuscular mycorrhiza Cocoa rhizosphere three districts, West Sumatra province, from the month of November 2020 to May 2021. The results showed the number of spores and diversity of AMF. The number of spores was 67-218 spores per 20 g soil. The root colonization was in the range of 21.3 - 24.6%. While the AMF diversity before trapped found three types of sport Glomus sp. , Acaulospora sp. , dan Gigaspora sp
A Multimodal Deep Learning-based Platform that Assists in the Classification of Lupus Subtypes and Differential Diagnosis Among Lupus and Other Similar Skin Diseases

Lupus erythematosus (LE) has the reputation of being the Great Imitator due to its various cutaneous manifestations, which often lead to difficulties in accurate diagnosis and classification. Even with the assistance of deep learning systems (DLSs), clinical skin image-based single modalities still experience difficulty distinguishing subtypes of LE. Here, we present an application of multimodal DLS (MMDLS), in which the training database consists of clinical skin images, multi-immunohistochemistry (multi-IHC) images and the 2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR) scores, to assist in the classification of LE subtypes (discoid LE (DLE), annular subacute cutaneous LE (A-SCLE), papulosquamous subacute cutaneous LE (P-SCLE), systemic LE (SLE)) and to aid in the differential diagnosis of other similar skin diseases. A total of 386 cases with 580 clinical skin images, 3380 multi-IHC images and 2019 EULAR/ACR scores from 25 institutions in China were included, and EfficientNet-B3 and ResNet-18 were utilized in this study. By comparing the single-modal and dual-modal DLS performances in multiple classifications, we demonstrate the superiority of the MMDLS (Ave-Sen = 0.9116, Ave-Spe = 0.9921, Ave-Pre = 0.9281). Moreover, the performance of MMDLS on 13 classifications was superior to that of dermatologists and pathologists (F1 score: dermatologists = 0.4471, pathologists = 0.6691, MMDLS = 0.9582) with an average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9956. These results highlight the potential of the combined application of MMDLS and multi-IHC images to assist pathologists and dermatologists in diagnosing LE subtypes and similar skin diseases.
Effects of driver behavior style differences and individual differences on driver sleepiness detection

Driving sleepiness is still a major causes of traffic accidents. Individual drivers, under various conditions, act and respond in different manners. This article presents the attempt of a straight-line driving simulator study that examined the effects of driver behavior style differences and individual differences on driver sleepiness detection which is based on driving performance measures. A total of 15 drivers who were classified into two categories through subjective assessment based on a Driver Behavior Questionnaire participated in driving simulator experiments. A total of 18 detection models, including 15 SE models for each subject, an A model for the aggressive drivers, an NA model for the non-aggressive drivers, and a G model for all experiment participants, were developed using support vector machine method based on driving performance characteristic parameters. The results show that the G model is not suitable for all drivers due to its lower mean accuracy of 69.88% (standard deviation = 7.70%) and higher standard deviation. The SE models for each subject show the best detection accuracy performance of 84.26% (standard deviation = 5.38%); however, it is impossible to set up a special detection model for every individual driver. The SD models on different style categories show an accuracy value of 77.54% (standard deviation = 5.78%). The results demonstrate that driver style differences as well as individual differences have great effects on driver sleepiness detection (F = 19.148, p < 0.000).
Solving quantum optimal control problems by wavelets method

We present the quantum equation and synthesize an optimal control proce dure for this equation. We develop a theoretical method for the analysis of quantum optimal control system given by the time depending Schrodinger equation. The Legendre wavelet method is proposed for solving this problem. This can be used as an efficient and accurate computational method for obtaining numerical solutions of different quantum optimal control problems. The distinguishing feature of this paper is that it makes the method, previously used to solve non-quantum control equations based on Legendre wavelets, usable by using a change of variables for quantum control equations.
Frequency domain analysis of three phase linear current regulators

Stationary frame linear PI current regulators are conventionally regarded as unsatisfactory for AC systems because they cannot eliminate steady state errors. Consequently, synchronous frame regulators are perceived to be superior, since they achieve zero steady state error by acting on DC signals in a rotating frame of reference. However, a synchronous frame regulator is more complex, and requires in particular a way of transforming a measured stationary frame AC current (or error) to rotating frame DC quantities, and transforming the resultant control action back to the stationary frame for implementation. This paper presents a technique for interpreting the stationary/rotating frame transformations as modulation processes in the Laplace domain which move the control function from one part of the frequency spectrum to another. The technique is used to compare stationary and synchronous frame PI regulators on a common basis to better understand the advantages of a synchronous frame regulator, and then to develop a new form of stationary frame resonant regulator which achieves zero steady state error without requiring the complex transformations of a synchronous frame regulator. The performance of this new regulator is evaluated and found to be equivalent to that of the synchronous frame PI regulator.
Analysis of nozzle ablation characteristics of gas circuit breaker

Thermal puffer type gas circuit breakers have become a mainstream of high power circuit breaker, because they are compact in size and interrupt high current with low operating force. In this type, ablation gas of nozzle material flows back to a puffer chamber during nozzle clogging, and it increases puffer pressure. Namely, ablation gas plays an important role for puffer pressure build up. However, the nozzle ablation characteristics are not yet well known. In this paper, using a newly developed calculation program of nozzle ablation, we analyzed amount of nozzle ablation and ablation rate. As the results, it was found that nozzle ablation occurs by radiation energy of high temperature arc and ablation rate are greatly influenced by interrupting current. It was also found that they increase with the increase of DC component of interrupting current. The calculation results agree fairly well with experimental results.