Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comment on the Structure of Thin‐Film LiMn2 O 4 Electrodes

Thin-film LiMn 2 O 4 electrodes that are deposited either by electron-beam evaporation or radio-frequency sputtering show electrochemical activity between 4 and 5 V vs. metallic lithium. This behavior is significantly different to that expected from a standard Li[Mn 2 ]O 4 spinel electrode. The unusual electrochemical behavior of thin-film LiMn 2 O 4 electrodes can be accounted for in terms of a structural model that may be considered as an intergrowth of two spinels, Li 8a [Mn 2 ] 16d O 4 and Li 8b [Mn 2 ] 16c O 4 , where 8a and 8b refer to tetrahedral sites, and 16c and 16d refer to octahedral sites of the space group Fd3m.
Hydrogenation of Ethylene and Dehydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis of Ethane on Pt(111) and Pt(211): A Density Functional Theory Study

Hydrogenation of ethylene and dehydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of ethane on Pt(111) and Pt(211) have been studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Adsorption of CHx and C2Hx species on Pt(111) and Pt(211) has been investigated. All the dehydrogenation and hydrogenation elementary-like reactions of C2 species, all the C−C bond-cleavage reactions and isomerization reactions between C2 species have been calculated. The following have been found: (i) CH3C is the most stable C2 species on Pt(111) and Pt(211); (ii) on Pt(211), ethane dissociation to CH2CH2 and CH3CH is a rapid process at low surface temperatures; (iii) on Pt(111), CH3CH is expected to be rapidly consumed by dehydrogenation to CH3C, which is difficult to be further dehydrogenated to CH2C or hydrogenated to CH3CH; (iv) isomerization reactions are not energetically favored on Pt; (v) on Pt(111), the lowest barrier of C−C cleavage is 0.9 eV in CHC, whereas on Pt(211) the lowest barrier of C−C cleavage is 1.1 eV in CH3CH2. These.
Platinum Electrodeposition on Conductive Diamond Powder and Its Application to Methanol Oxidation in Acidic Media

Boron-doped diamond (BDD) powder is shown to be a possible alternative to carbon as a support material for fuel cell electro-catalysts such as platinum. In this work, a Pt/BDD powder electrocatalyst was prepared via electrochemical deposition of platinum, and the electrochemical behavior was compared with that for Pt/graphite powder. Electrodes were prepared by coating polycrystalline BDD films with these electrocatalysts, with Nafion solution as a binder, and the activities for methanol oxidation were found to be comparable. The use of BDD resulted in a much higher stability of the catalyst under severe anodic conditions. Steady-state and long-time methanol oxidation polarization measurements, performed in the "floating electrode" configuration in acidic media, showed that platinum on BDD powder was less sensitive to deactivation, presumably due to CO poisoning, than was platinum on graphite powder.
Concentrating aqueous dispersions of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria by swelling of thermosensitive poly[(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-(acrylic acid)] hydrogels

A novel method for concentrating of bacteria dispersions without loss of bacterial viability has been developed. Bioseparation was facilitated by the swelling of a thermoresponsive hydrogel in a dilute bacterial dispersion. Hydrogels were prepared by free radical copolymerization in aqueous solution of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) and acrylic acid (AA) with N,N'-methylene bis-acrylamide (BIS) as crosslinker. Hydrogels of a single comonomer composition and three concentrations of BIS were used. The potential of the corresponding xerogels as bioseparation devices was assessed by swelling to equilibrium as 5°C in aqueous dispersions of the bacterium Staphylococcus Epiidermidis. The resultant increase in concentration of dispersion, the concentrated dispersion being commonly termed the raffiate, was measured by the spread plate technique. An efficacy of separation η was obtained from this increase, coupled with that calculated from the measured degres of swelling. it has been shown that high values of η can be achieved. It has also been show a that separation efficiency is dependent on the procedure used in the sampling of the concentrared dispersion. Without agitation of the swollen hydrogel/raffinate prior to sampling no concentration increase was measured, i.e. η was 0%. However, η increased in values of 50-80% on agitation (via a vortex mixer) of the hydrogel/raffinate prior to raffinate sampling. The need for agitation and the reduction in the valuee of η from its theoretical maximun (100%) may indicate the adsorption of the bacteria other the surface of the hydrogel. The effect of the bacterial dispersion on the swelling properties of the hydrogels was also investigated. It was found that the swelling ratio (= mass of hydrogel/mass of xerogel) and lower critical swelling temperature of the hydrogels at the bacterial dispersion and pure water were identical.
Matriptase generates a tissue damage re- sponse via promoting Gq signalling, leading to RSK and DUOX activation Running Title: Matriptase activation of a tissue damage response

Tissues respond to damage by increasing inflammation and epithelial cell motility. How damage detection and responses are orchestrated is unclear. Overexpression of the membrane bound protease, Matriptase, or mutation of its inhibitor, Hai1, results in inflamed epithelia, in which cells have increased motility and are prone to carcinoma. How Matriptase leads to these cellular outcomes is unknown. We demonstrate that zebrafish hai1a mutants show increased H2O2, NfkB signalling, and IP3R -mediated calcium flashes, and that these promote inflammation, but do not generate epithelial cell motility. In contrast, inhibition of the Gq subunit rescues both the hai1a inflammation and epithelial phenotypes, with the latter recapitulated by the DAG analogue, PMA. We demonstrate that hai1a has elevated pERK, inhibition of which rescues the epidermal defects. Finally, we identify RSK kinases as pERK targets disrupting adherens junctions in hai1a mutants. Our work maps novel signalling cascades mediating the potent effects of Matriptase on epithelia, with implications for tissue damage response and carcinoma
Achieving fast oxygen diffusion in perovskites by cation ordering

The oxygen-exchange behavior has been studied in half-doped manganese and cobalt perovskite oxides. We have found that the oxygen diffusivity in Gd0.5Ba0. 5MnO3−δ can be enhanced by orders of magnitude by inducing crystallographic ordering among lanthanide and alkali-earth ions in the A-site sublattice. Transformation of a simple cubic perovskite, with randomly occupied A sites, into a layered crystal GdBaMn2O5+x (or isostructural GdBaCo2O5+x for cobalt oxide) with alternating lanthanide and alkali-earth planes reduces the oxygen bonding strength and provides disorder-free channels for ion motion, pointing to an efficient way to design new ionic conductors.
Preparation of functionalized Kraft lignin beads

Kraft lignin from black liquor wastes have been converted into epichlorohydrin-crosslinked beads by inverse suspension polymerization. A careful control of the different parameters allowed the preparation of spherical beads with a relatively narrow diameter size distribution. The obtained beads, without permanent porosity, swell well in hydroalcoholic media. Grafting of the sulfonylhydrazine moiety using a two-step route was further performed to apply them to carbonyl compounds scavenging. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Improved lifetimes of organic solar cells with solution‐processed molybdenum oxide anode‐modifying layers

We report on the use and stability of solution‐processed molybdenum oxide (sMoOx) thin films as anode‐modifying layers to replace conventionally used poly(3,4‐ethyldioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) layers in poly(3‐hexylthiophene):[6,6]‐phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PC61BM) bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. Our results show that while as prepared devices using the two anode‐modifying layers possess similar performances, the sMoOx devices exhibit a staggering 20‐fold stability improvement in its performance half‐life compared with PEDOT/PSS devices, ~3400 h versus ~150 h, respectively. A further comparison of the stability between encapsulated and unencapsulated devices demonstrates the necessity for protection from atmospheric moisture and oxygen but again highlights the lucrative nature of sMoOx as a protective anode‐modifying layer compared with PEDOT/PSS even under ambient conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diastereotopic Styrene Arrangement in the Heterosequences of Random Styrene‐Ethylene Copolymers

Random styrene-ethylene copolymers have been synthesized by the hydrogenation of styrene-butadiene copolymers. The samples were characterized by 13 C NMR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, thermal analysis, and Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy. In the 13 C NMR spectra, the resonance of the methylene carbon next to a methine bearing a phenyl group presents splitting due to its diastereotopic positions with respect to the phenyl substituents of the second and third inserted styrene units. A definitive assignment of the resonances of the SEES sequences (S = styrene, E = ethylene) was obtained by synthesis of a suitable model compound: 5,10-diphenyl-pentadecane. X-ray powder diffraction and thermal analysis show that these samples are amorphous. This is probably due to the shortness of the ethylene and styrene sequences in the copolymers. DSC thermograms show a single glass transition, at a intermediate temperature, between the Tg values of polystyrene and polyethylene, depending on the styrene content in the chain. FTIR spectra indicate the presence of styrene sequences in an isotactic arrangement.
CrysFML: a library to develop crystallographic programs in Fortran 95. Powder diffraction examples

CrysFML is a set of Fortran 95 modules to be used in crystallographic and diffraction computing programs [1]. Modern array syntax and new features of Fortran 95 are used through the modules. We take advantage of all object oriented programming techniques already available in Fortran (user-defined types, encapsulation, overload of procedures and functions). The lacking features (e.g. inheritance and class methods) will be easily implemented as soon as compilers of the new standard become available. We aim to preserve the efficiency, the simplicity and the adequacy of modern Fortran for numerical calculations. All aspects of symmetry and handling of reflections and structure factor calculations are treated in dedicated modules. Main programs using the adequate modules may perform more or less complicated calculations with only few lines of code. The documentation is written in the source code. A document, in HTML format can be generated using a program. We shall present a an overview of the present status of the library and a series of examples useful for powder diffraction: simple crystallographic calculations, bond-valence sums, aids to space group determination, profile fitting, powder diffraction simulations, kernel of the Rietveld method, etc.
Dynamic interlinking between near- and far-field wakes behind a pitching–heaving airfoil

Abstract This study investigates the transitional wake dynamics of a simultaneously pitching– heaving airfoil in the low Reynolds number regime. The transition from Kármán to reverse Kármán wakes and the subsequent wake deflection are known to take place entirely in the periodic regime as the dynamic heave velocity $\kappa h$ (proportionally, the amplitude-based Strouhal number $St_A$) is gradually increased. However, further increase in $\kappa h$ may result in the loss of dynamic stability of the deflected vortex street and an eventual transition to chaos. This phenomenon has largely remained unexplored in the existing literature. The present study attempts to fill this gap and aims to establish a dynamic link between the near- and far-field wake transitions. It is shown that the deflected jet undergoes a switching of deflection direction in the far-field as the near-field encounters a quasi-periodic transition with the increase in $\kappa h$. The quasi-periodic behaviour of the near-field is seen to get interspersed with intermittent aperiodic windows, resulting in a complete reversal of the deflection direction through flipping of the immediate vortex couple. Eventually, the wake topology becomes fully chaotic through a series of rapid aperiodic jet-switching. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the role of this aperiodic jet-switching in ushering in chaos in the wake of a pitch–heave flapping system. The mechanism of jet-switching and the role of leading-edge vortex are also revealed. Flow field dynamics during these changes and the underlying vortex interactions are analysed using nonlinear dynamical tools.
Lateral extent of oxidation‐enhanced diffusion of phosphorus in 〈100〉 silicon

The lateral extent of oxidation‐enhanced diffusion (OED) of phosphorus in (100) silicon oxidized in dry oxygen has been investigated. OED was observed near the Si/SiO2 interface under an oxidation mask composed of Si3N4/SiO2. It was found that under the mask OED decays nearly exponentially from the edge of the oxidized region. The characteristic decay length increases with square root of oxidation time and is exponentially dependent on temperature with activation energy of 2 eV. It is proposed that the OED observations can be explained on the basis of excess silicon self‐interstitials diffusing away from the oxidized regions. Both diffusion and interface capture of self‐interstitials play a role in their distribution in the silicon bulk.
The role of trust and its impacts on consumer satisfaction in the context of social commerce

The term “social commerce” is used to describe a subgroup of e-commerce that uses social media to allow users to share input, thus helping them make decisions about whether to purchase services and products. This study explores the relationships that affect consumer satisfaction in the context of social commerce. The relationships between trust and other factors associated with it, as well as the role trust plays in affecting consumer satisfaction in social commerce, were measured using a survey method. A total of 314 students from Saudi Arabia at Saudi Arabia’s UBT University and at various Australian universities were surveyed. To test the structural model, as well as to study the relationship between variables, the researchers used partial least square (PLS). The results showed five constructs as having a significant relationship with consumer satisfaction: trust, communication, information quality, reputation, transaction safety and word of mouth (WOM). This research also recognizes that in the social commerce field, the factors that influence trust may be different compared to those that influence the consumer in face-to-face transactions. This research is expected to help businesses devise effective sales strategies, and ultimately build successful social commerce businesses. The results obtained from this study will add depth to existing literature relating to social commerce, and will also serve as an opportunity for future researchers to delve more deeply into the different factors that correlate with trust in social commerce.
FTIR SPECTROSCOPIC DIFFERENTIATION OF PORK AND BEEF MIXTURES BASED ON PROTEIN FRACTIONS

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a versatile technique for characterization of secondary structure of proteins. The aim of this study was to differentiate beef and pork mixtures based on sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein fractions by using this technique. FTIR spectra of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein fractions from mixtures prepared by adding 0, 5, 10 and 100% pork into beef exhibited different patterns in the mid-infrared region (4000-850 cm-1). According to dendograms from hierarchical cluster analysis, only myofibrillar protein fractions could be used to distinguish beef and pork in the regions at the wave numbers of 1200-900 cm-1 and 3400-3300 cm-1 suggesting that myofibrillar protein-specific spectra determined in this study have potential to be used for species identification.
The Employment of CBCT in Assessing Bone Loss around Dental Implants in Patients Receiving Mandibular Implant Supported over dentures

The aim of this study is to evaluate bone loss around implants after delivery of implant supported over dentures using CBCT. This study was performed to evaluate Postoperative bone level around mandibular dental implants using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The study was conducted on 10 completely edentulous patients that were rehabilitated by complete overdentures Patients retained mandibular overdentures by two implants installed in the canine region and retained locator attachments. Standard clinical and laboratory techniques were followed for implant insertion and denture construction for all patients. The implants were divided in two groups. Implants bearing locator attachment with blue nylon insert (Group I) and implants bearing locator attachment with transparent nylon insert (Group II). The twenty inserted implants were left undisturbed for three months to achieve osseointegration. The mesial, distal, buccal and lingual bone level around the dental implants was evaluated, using the CBCT i-CAT scan with Blue sky Plan® software. Bone level was obtained at six and twelve months after loading. The CBCT measurements of bone level revealed that there was bone loss around all aspects of the inserted twenty dental implants.
Differentiable Physics for Improving the Accuracy of Iterative PDE-Solvers with Neural Networks

Finding accurate solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs) is a crucial task for a wide range of ﬁelds in physics and engineering. We target the problem of reducing numerical errors of iterative PDE solvers and compare different learning approaches for ﬁnding complex correction functions. In particular, we highlight the performance of differentiable physics networks for a wide variety of PDEs, from non-linear advection-diffusion systems to three-dimensional Navier-Stokes ﬂows
Cultural Diversity Management Strategies and Organizational Performance of Multinational Companies in Nigeria

This study investigated the relationship between cultural diversity management strategies and organizational performance of multinational firms in Rivers State. The study is designed as a cross sectional survey and draws data using the structured questionnaire from 208 workers from a population of 464 staff within the multinational firms. The study, using the Spearman’s rank order correlation coefficient tested the relationship between the dimensions of cultural diversity management – investiture, assimilation and divestiture; and the measure of organizational performance – creativity. All results revealed significant relationships; hence a rejection of all previously stated hypotheses. In conclusion it was stated that the practice of investiture, assimilation and divestiture enhances the relationship between workers within the organization and also affords them sound supportive grounds upon which they become more aware and are able to improve the overall performance of multinational companies in Rivers State. Thereafter it was recommended that organizations should develop structures that support and facilitate practices such as investiture, assimilation and divestiture within their workplace in a way that facilitates and drives the learning and value alignment of groups within the organization.
Numerical Modeling of Photonic Jet behind Triangular Prism

The scattering of electromagnetic plane waves by triangular prism and its truncated form (the isosceles triangle and the trapezoid are transverse sections, respectively) has been studied in order to determine possibility of high field intensity (photonic jet) formation. Using high-resolution finite-difference time-domain simulation, an optimal relationship between the wavelength and the size of the prism was found to form photonic jet with sub wavelength waist on the shadow side of the prism. Truncation of the prism (with trapezoids as transverse sections) leads to an improvement in the characteristics of photonic jets (intensity, length and waist). A qualitative explanation of the simulation results obtained is presented.
Preliminary Hardware and System Design Investigation for an Affordable and Mobile Assistive Robot for Elderly Care

This work proposes the development of a robot to perform appropriate tasks to assist low income older adults based on the merging of two previous studies, one which focused on task investigation and deployment of mobile robots in elder care facilities and the other on design investigation for a socially assistive robot using low-cost and modular hardware and software design. We identified that hydration, walking and socialization were tasks appropriate for the robot and most impactful to the older adults. Another outcome was the level of importance of the HRI component in the implementation of these tasks, thus merging both studies to initially investigate preferences in service robots for elder care is proposed.
Group Music Intervention Using Percussion Instruments to Reduce Anxiety Among Elderly Male Veterans with Alzheimer Disease

Background This study aimed to assess the impact of a group music intervention on anxiety and depression of elderly male veterans with dementia. Material/Methods In total, 50 elderly men with Alzheimer disease were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Patients in the intervention group attended a 60-minute group music session that used percussion instruments with familiar music in the morning once a week for 12 weeks, whereas those in the control group received a rest and reading session at the same intervals and under the same conditions. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Geriatric Depression Scale were used to assess anxiety and depression at baseline, week 6, and week 12. The Primary Measures of Music Audiation (PMMA) was used to assess musical aptitude at the baseline. Results A significant reduction in the anxiety level following the 12-week music sessions was observed in the intervention group (P<.001), but there was no significant change in the control group. However, the change in depressive symptoms between the 2 groups was nonsignificant. In the intervention group, when stratifying patients based on music aptitude determined through PMMA assessment, patients with high PMMA scores had significantly reduced anxiety symptoms over time compared with those with low scores. Conclusions For elderly male veterans with dementia, participating in a group music intervention reduced anxiety symptoms. In patients with high musical aptitude, the treatment effects on anxiety reduction were satisfactory. Measures of music aptitude may provide valuable information regarding patients’ response to music intervention.