Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generative Design in an Evolutionary Procedure An approach of genetic programming

designers in three areas: 1) diversify instances of design options; 2) inspect integrated with a visualisation interface, which allows designers to interact and the evolutionary mechanism and formal generation. This procedural design is specific goals; 3) and enhance the possibility of discovering various potential This study describes a procedural design studio using Genetic Programming as select from instances for design evolution. Evolutionary design facilitates © 2006 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands. Jos P. van Leeuwen and Harry J.P. Timmermans (eds.), Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning, 419 -431. 420 profound approaches and solutions. This is why we employ such mechanism to explore the design space from various domains of design knowledge. Genetic programming provides a way to genetically breed a computer program to solve a wide variety of problems. The recently developed genetic programming search the space of possible computer programs for a highly fit individual computer program (Koza, 1992). Search is a framework for problem solving where alternative solutions are evaluated in a trial-and-error iterative circulation. The meaning of design search is to find out alternatives that lead to good solutions. Searching in enumerative space of design solutions is unlikely, the ideal heuristics such as genetic programming use rule-based method as a guidance for searching alternative solutions. Genetic programming is derived from the hint of Natural Selection (Darwin, 1859) to decide the ordering of alternative solutions, which has been applied to a wide range of problems in combinatorial optimization, automatic programming and model induction. The evolutionary procedure applies genetic programming as algorithmic method that evaluates and refines the design during conceptual formation. The design procedure integrates synthesized solutions of design teams. The evolutionary procedure reflects different disciplines of designers that collect the fitness from each designer’s selection. To explore the design space, we need appropriate representations and procedures to generate the representation of the design task. The generative design tool uses an iterative approach that refines design by evaluating candidates in the process of genetic programming. An algorithmic method is implemented as a structure with regard to the evolution of genetic characters. All told, we implement genetic programming as a platform to search for consensus of design.
Resolving Teleseismic Earthquake Catalog and InSAR Data Discrepancies in Absolute Space to Explore Rupture Complexity Along the Ecuadorian Megathrust Fault

The 2016 MW 7.8 Pedernales, Ecuador, megathrust earthquake produced notable crustal deformation and generated an extensive aftershock sequence that included two M6.5+ events. We combine an improved teleseismic earthquake catalog for Ecuador with analysis of coseismic interferometric synthetic aperture radar data derived from the Sentinel‐1A satellite to better delineate the spatial and temporal slip history of the megathrust fault in absolute space. The revised teleseismic catalog spans 1961‐2016 and incorporates catalog phase onset times and waveform correlation derived differential times to locate earthquakes. Using teleseismic double‐difference (DD) tomography to simultaneously solve for an updated regional 3‐D compressional velocity model and locations yields earthquakes shifted ~25 km southwest relative to rapidly available teleseismic catalogs. The DD catalog better compares in absolute space to the Ecuadorian local catalog and better models the measured deformation fields of the 2016 Pedernales mainshock and largest aftershocks. Additionally, the DD mainshock location agrees with local‐scale seismic and geodetic studies that show the 2016 event had concentrated slip on a highly coupled asperity that likely participated in the 1942 Ecuador megathrust earthquake. The two large aftershocks also ruptured on the megathrust where moderate to strong interseismic coupling is observed. The DD catalog contains moderate‐sized aftershocks that concentrate outside high slip regions, primarily in areas that produced earthquakes during the interseismic cycle, and outside areas of aseismic slip. Development of rapid relative location approaches linking new seismicity to better constrained global catalogs could aid with near real‐time hazard assessment in areas lacking local data.
Wind drag in oil spilled ocean surface and its impact on wind-driven circulation

The drag coefficient is a key parameter to quantify the wind stress over the ocean surface, which depends on the ocean surface roughness. During oil spill events, oil slicks cover the ocean surface and thus change the surface roughness by suppressing multi-scale ocean surface waves, and the drag coefficient is changed. This change has not been included in the current ocean circulation models. In this study, such change in sea surface roughness is studied by satellite remote sensing via synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to quantify the changes in the wind effect over the oil-covered ocean surface. The concept of effective wind speed is introduced to quantify the wind work on the ocean. We investigate its influence on the wind-driven Ekman current at the ocean surface. Using observations from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (2010) as an example, we find that the presence of oil can result in an effective wind speed of 50%~100% less than the conventional wind speed, causing overestimates by 75%~100% in the wind driven Ekman current. The effect of such bias on oil trajectory predictions is also discussed. Our results suggest that it is important to consider the effect of changes in the drag coefficient over oil-contaminated areas, especially for large-scale oil spill situations.
Box: Natural Language Processing Research Using Amazon Web Services

Abstract We present a publicly-available state-of-the-art research and development platform for Machine Translation and Natural Language Processing that runs on the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud. This provides a standardized research environment for all users, and enables perfect reproducibility and compatibility. Box also enables users to use their hardware budget to avoid the management and logistical overhead of maintaining a research lab, yet still participate in global research community with the same state-of-the-art tools.
Workload Associated with Nuclear Power Plant Main Control Room Tasks

Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) operators complete a variety of tasks to ensure the NPP is running safely and efficiently. However, the levels and types of workload associated with the different task types are not yet fully understood. The present investigation examined workload levels and types for three common NPP Main Control Room (MCR) tasks in a controlled experimental environment using a variety of subjective, physiological, and performance measures of workload. The results suggest that the three task types differ in the levels and types of workload. These findings can be used to better understand the types of NPP tasks that induce workload and the type of workload they induce. The full results of these experiments will be captured in future articles and technical reports.
Guide for quantifying post-treatment fuels in the sagebrush steppe and juniper woodlands of the Great Basin /

2 Introduction SageSTEP (Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project) is an interdisciplinary, long-term study to evaluate the effects of various restoration treatments in sagebrush steppe communities of the Great Basin (McIver et al. 2010). Sagebrush steppe, characterized by dry, open expanses dominated by sagebrush plant communities, is one of the most threatened vegetation types in North America (Noss et al. 1995). Loss of sagebrush steppe is often attributed to shifting fire regimes as a result of non-native grass invasion, especially cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), and pinyon pine (Pinus edulis and Pinus monophylla) and juniper (Juniperus spp.) encroachment (Pellant 1994, Miller and Tausch 2001). SageSTEP was funded initially by the Joint Fire Science Program with ongoing support from the National Interagency Fire Center and the Bureau of Land Management. The project involves collaboration with five universities, six federal agencies, and one non-profit organization. The objective of SageSTEP is to identify abiotic and biotic thresholds that influence the sustainability of sagebrush steppe communities and provide information to managers, ranchers, and the general public to help restore sagebrush steppe to a healthier, more diverse ecosystem. Cheatgrass has invaded nearly 25 million acres (10 million ha) of the Great Basin (Olsen 2008). Cheatgrass is able to gain a foothold in native plant communities by providing a continuous bed of fine fuel susceptible to fire at a time when it is most harmful to native perennials (Peters and Bunting 1994) because of its ability to germinate and establish before native Figure 1. SageSTEP Site Map for reference with site names. Site-specific information is available at http://www.sagestep. org/locations.html.
A Scalable Classifier Ensemble Suitable for Multiclass Classification by Use of Pairwise Classifier Ensembles

To reach the best classification, there is a way to use many inaccurate or weak classifiers; each of them is specialized for a sub-space in the problem space and using their consensus vote as the final classifier. Many methods have been proposed for classifier ensemble in pattern recognition such as Random Forest which uses a host of decision trees as base classifiers. The paper proposes a heuristic classifier ensemble to improve the performance of learning in the classification. It specially deals with multiclass problems which their aim is to learn the boundaries of each class among many classes. Based on the concept of multiclass problems, the classifiers are divided into two different categories: pairwise classifiers and multiclass classifiers. The aim of a pairwise classifier is to separate one class from another one. Because the pairwise classifiers are just trained to discriminate between two classes, the decision boundaries learned by them are simpler and more effective than those learned by the multiclass classifiers. The two proposed methods are similar to Random Forest method in employing many decision trees and neural networks as base classifiers. For evaluating the proposed weighting methods, both cases of decision tree and neural network classifiers are applied in experimental results. The two proposed ensemble methods are tested on a huge Persian dataset of handwritten digits and it has been shown that the proposed ensemble methods outperform some other state-of-art ensemble methods.
Leader‐Following Formation Control of Multiple Robots with Uncertainties through Sliding Mode and Nonlinear Disturbance Observer

This paper presents a control scheme for the leader‐following formation of multiple robots. The control scheme combines the sliding mode control (SMC) method with the nonlinear disturbance observer (NDOB) technique. The formation dynamics suffer from uncertainties because the individual robots are uncertain. Concerning such formation uncertainties, the leader‐following formation dynamics are modeled. Assuming that the formation uncertainties have an unknown boundary, an NDOB‐based observer was designed to estimate the formation uncertainties. A sliding surface containing the observer outputs has been defined. Regarding the sliding surface, an SMC‐based controller was investigated to form uncertain robots. A sufficient condition in the sense of the Lyapunov theory was proven such that the formation system is asymptotically stable. Herein, some comparison results between the sole SMC method and the second‐order SMC method are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the control scheme for multiple robots in the presence of uncertainties.
A scalable peer-to-peer lookup protocol for Internet applications

while peer-to-peer networks are mainly used to locate unique resources across the Internet, new interesting deployment scenarios are emerging. Particularly, some applications (e.g., VoIP) are proposing the creation of overlays for the localization of services based on equivalent servants (e.g., voice relays). This paper explores the possible overlay architectures that can be adopted to provide such services, showing how an unstructured solution based on a scale-free overlay topology is an effective option to deploy in this context. Consequently, we propose EQUATOR (Equivalent Servant Locator), an unstructured overlay implementing the above mentioned operating principles, based on an overlay construction algorithm that well approximates an ideal scale-free construction model. We present both analytical and simulation results which support our overlay topology selection and validate the proposed architecture.
Code Optimization Techniques to Reduce Energy Consumption of Multimedia Applications in Hybrid Memory

This paper proposes code optimization techniques to reduce energy consumption of complex multimedia applications in a hybrid memory system with volatile dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and non-volatile spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive RAM (STT-MRAM). The proposed approach analyzes read/write operations for variables in an application. Based on the profile, variables with a high read operation are allocated to STT-MRAM, and variables with a high write operation are allocated to DRAM to reduce energy consumption. In this paper, to optimize code for real-life complicated applications, we develop a profiler, a code modifier, and compiler/link scripts. The proposed techniques are applied to a Fast Forward Motion Picture Experts Group (FFmpeg) application. The experiment reduces energy consumption by up to 22%.
The theoretic line loss calculation of distribution network based on development of the Autocad

This text introduces a visible theoretic line loss calculation system of distribution network based on two times development of the Autocad.This system can draw equipments circuit diagram fastly and conveniently based on the geography information.The alternant interface of person and machine raises the accuracy and the efficiency on the equipments and circuit data informations to record.At the same time that system according to the network characteristics,with the data of the equipments,circuit and so on,provided two kinds of theoretic line loss calculation methods,really carried out the sketch,data with unify of calculate.
Spectral responses and identification of surface vegetation stressed by natural gas leakage

ABSTRACT The leakage of natural gas from underground storages can cause economic, safety, and ecological problems. However, when the leakage is slight, the gas concentration in surface atmosphere cannot reach the threshold for direct monitoring. Hyperspectral remote sensing can indirectly detect it through the spectral changes of vegetation in the leak area. A field experiment was performed, which took bean, corn and grass as test plants, to study the characteristics of canopy spectral changes under natural gas leakage stress. The results showed that the spectra of stressed vegetation changed significantly after three days of gas injection, which manifested an increase in the visible bands of 570–700 nm and a decrease in the near-infrared of 760–1000 nm. By performing ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) on the spectra of vegetation in the control and experimental plots, the bands with p< 0.05 and bigger F values were selected as the sensitive bands. And the natural gas stress index was constructed using the selected bands. A quantitative test by JM (Jeffries-Matusita) distance showed that the index could well identify (JM > 1.8) the stressed vegetation throughout the phenological plant cycle. This study can be applied to detect underground natural gas storage leakage spots by hyperspectral remote sensing.
Data sampling and reconstruction strategies for rock core magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is uniquely well suited for studies of sedimentary rocks as it allows direct non-invasive detection of fluid content and fluid interactions in the pore space. Pure phase encoding MRI methods have proven to be robust in their ability to generate quantitative images in porous media. However, the sensitivity is low for pure phase encoding, especially with low magnetic field MRI systems that are common for porous media studies. Novel sampling strategies and data reconstruction methods, described in this thesis, improve measurement sensitivity with no hardware modifications required. Pure phase encode MRI methods acquire a single k-space data point with each radio frequency (RF) excitation. Reducing the number of acquired data points will significantly increase the measurement sensitivity. The goal is to look for data sampling and image reconstruction methods that ensure good image quality with reduced data. These methods are based on the inherent sparsity of MRI data, either in k-space or in transformed image spaces. Sample geometry based restricted sampling exploits k-space redundancy, with simple and reliable linear image reconstruction. The sampling patterns that collect regions of high intensity signal while neglecting low intensity regions can be naturally applied to a wide variety of pure phase encoding measurements. An important application is T 2 mapping spin-echo single point imaging (SES PI) that reveals different bedding plane structures within the rock core plug sample.
Development of deceleration-based runway friction measurement methods

Runway surface friction is a critical safety concern on all airfields; however, current friction measurement equipment is expensive. Airfield managers have identified a need for contingency friction assessment tools that are cost-effective and commonly found. The current Air Force standard for pavement friction measurement is a high-speed continuous friction measuring equipment (CFME) device, the Findley Irvine GripTester. Operation of the GripTester is both labor-intensive and cost-prohibitive. This report details the development of an alternative, more economical measure of a surface’s frictional characteristics using accelerometers. Accelerometers were standard friction assessment tools in the late 20th century before CFMEs became standard practice. Accelerometer-based friction testers measure the peak deceleration of a vehicle during the braking motion. The vehicle’s deceleration is proportional to the surface’s friction coefficient. This report documents research conducted to evaluate the use of smartphone accelerometers and vehicle engine control units (ECUs) having sufficient accuracy and precision to function as decelerationbased friction assessment tools. Findings herein show that smartphone accelerometers, given sufficient experimental controls, can operate as deceleration-based friction assessment tools. This report also details unsuccessful attempts to extract usable deceleration data from vehicle ECUs and the potential future of such efforts. Regressions are presented that show correlation between smartphone deceleration measurements and highspeed GripTester measurements. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR.
HYDROCHEMICAL AND GEOLOGICAL CORRELATION TO ESTABLISH THE GROUNDWATER SALINITY OF THE COASTAL AQUIFER OF THE MANGLARALTO RIVER BASIN, ECUADOR

The Manglaralto aquifer is located at the north of the province of Santa Elena, Ecuador, its importance is based on the source of supply for the sector. The objective of this work is to characterize the waters of this hydrogeological system by means of hydrochemical techniques (Piper and Stiff diagrams) and their correlation with the geology of the area, as well as the determination of marine intrusion. The methodology used is based on the concentrations of the major ions, which have been obtained by the water–rock interaction, where the geological analysis helps to understand the conceptual hydrogeological model. The obtained results indicate that there are two groups of waters: in the part closest to the interior of the basin with facies mainly bicarbonate and calcium-sodium, while nearest the sea shows markedly calcified calcium facies, and the existence of marine intrusion in the well closest to the coastline.
The taxonomy and invasion status assessment of Erigeron annuus s.l. (Asteraceae) in East Fennoscandia

A common European weed of North American origin, Erigeron annuus s.l. was described by Linnaeus on the basis of plants cultivated at de Hartecamp near Haarlem, the Netherlands. This species was originally introduced to Europe from the territories along the Saint Lawrence River, south-eastern Canada, between 1623 and 1633, in the garden of Jean and Vespasien Robin in Paris. The original plants belonged to the white-flowered taxon with crenate leaves and long spreading pubescence, which has been known in Europe as E. annuus subsp. septentrionalis. By lectotypification this taxon should be called E. annuus subsp. annuus, whereas the lilac-flowered taxon with coarsely dentate leaves and long erect pubescence (previously known as E. annuus subsp. annuus) is redescribed here as E. annuus subsp. lilacinus Sennikov & Kurtto, subsp. nov. Three alien taxa of E. annuus s.l. are recognised in East Fennoscandia, including E. annuus subsp. strigosus; they are assessed as locally established but not invasive in Finland, and only casual or possibly extinct in the Russian part of East Fennoscandia. The original and still prevailing pathway of introduction is gardening or agriculture, whereas in the latest years the plants were also introduced through the transport of goods (southern fruits and vegetables in Russia for E. annuus subsp. lilacinus; Russian timber in Finland for E. annuus subsp. strigosus). The nomenclature of Erigeron sect. Phalacroloma and E. sect. Stenactis is revised; the latter name is reinstated in place of E. sect. Polyactis G.L. Nesom, nom. illeg. Erigeron sect. Stenactis sensu Nesom is renamed as E. sect. Pumili (Rydb.) Sennikov, comb. nov.
Protein-protein Interaction Extraction from Medical Literature Based on Multiple Kernels Learning

Automatic extracting protein-protein interaction information from biomedical literature can help to build protein relation network and design new drugs.This paper presents a multiple kernels learning based approach to automatically extract protein-protein interactions from biomedical literature.The approach combines feature-based kernel,tree kernel and graph kernel.In particular,it extends shortest path-enclosed tree and dependency path tree to capture richer contextual information.Experimental evaluations show that the method can achieve state-of-the-art performance with respect to comparable evaluations,with 63.9% F-score and 87.83% AUC on the AImed corpus.