Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consideration for a New Micromachined Accelerometer Capacitive Interface Based on Switched Flip-Flop Circuit

In this paper, a new interface concept is described for the design of a closed-loop accelerometer based upon micromachined capacitive sensing element. In comparison to the ordinary approaches, the new interface only consists of a switched flip-flop circuit. The interface circuit is low in component count, which makes it particularly suitable for prototype evaluation. The theoretical considerations agree well with the simulation results in Matlab SIMULINK and experimental results
ADAPTATION AND CONSTRAINT IN THE EVOLUTION OF SPECIALIZATION OF BAHAMIAN ANOLIS LIZARDS

Interspecific interactions affect habitat use and subsequent morphological adaptation in Anolis lizards. We examined populations of two species of Anolis lizards that evolved in the species‐rich communities of Cuba and are now widespread in the Bahamas. Because the species occupy islands in the Bahamas that vary in the number of lizard species present and other characteristics, we predicted that directional selection should have led to morphological differentiation. In particular, we expected that populations on one‐species islands should have evolved toward a generalist morphology because of the lack of competitors. Divergence in both species has been adaptive; populations that use wider perches have longer legs. Nonetheless, these differences are relatively minor, and none of the populations appears to have differentiated from its ancestral “ecomorph” type toward a more generalized morphology. This stasis mirrors a trend observed in the radiation of Caribbean anoles, which exhibits repeated instances of evolutionary specialization, but few or no cases of reversion to a more generalized condition. The explanation for this directionality of evolution is not obvious but probably involves the tendency of specialized species to continue using and further adapting the niches for which they are specialized even as conditions change.
[General adaptation syndrome and diseases of adaptation].

I. INTRODUCTION SINCE the first description of the “alarm reaction,” a decade ago, many publications have dealt with this phenomenon and with the “general adaptation syndrome,” of which it forms a part. It is becoming increasingly more obvious that certain physiologic mechanisms, in which the endocrin system plays a prominent part, help to raise resistance to damage as such, irrespective of the specific nature of the damaging agents. Interest in the general adaptation syndrome has recently received a further impetus as a result of investigations suggesting that some of the most important diseases of human pathology (such as hypertension, nephrosclerosis and the rheumatic diseases) may represent by-products of the endocrine reactions, which are at play in the general adaptation syndrome. It was considered a timely enterprise, therefore, to survey this field now and to supply a guide to the rather scattered and polyglot, pertinent literature. In order to familiarize himself with different points of view, th.
The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ITCH Negatively Regulates Canonical Wnt Signaling by Targeting Dishevelled Protein

ABSTRACT Dishevelled (Dvl) is a key component in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and becomes hyperphosphorylated upon Wnt stimulation. Dvl is required for LRP6 phosphorylation, which is essential for subsequent steps of signal transduction, such as Axin recruitment and cytosolic β-catenin stabilization. Here, we identify the HECT-containing Nedd4-like ubiquitin E3 ligase ITCH as a new Dvl-binding protein. ITCH ubiquitinates the phosphorylated form of Dvl and promotes its degradation via the proteasome pathway, thereby inhibiting canonical Wnt signaling. Knockdown of ITCH by RNA interference increased the stability of phosphorylated Dvl and upregulated Wnt reporter gene activity as well as endogenous Wnt target gene expression induced by Wnt stimulation. In addition, we found that both the PPXY motif and the DEP domain of Dvl are critical for its interaction with ITCH, as mutation in the PPXY motif (Dvl2-Y568F) or deletion of the DEP domain led to reduced affinity for ITCH. Consistently, overexpression of ITCH inhibited wild-type Dvl2-induced, but not Dvl2-Y568F mutant-induced, Wnt reporter activity. Moreover, the Y568F mutant, but not wild-type Dvl2, can reverse the ITCH-mediated inhibition of Wnt-induced reporter activity. Collectively, these results indicate that ITCH plays a negative regulatory role in modulating canonical Wnt signaling by targeting the phosphorylated form of Dvl.
Melanoma‐associated antigen p97 continues to be expressed after prolonged exposure of cells to specific antibody

p97, a 97,000 molecular weight cell surface glycoprotein associated with human melanoma, has attracted attention as a possible target for tumor therapy. Melanoma cells were grown overnight in the presence of IgG2a or IgGI monoclonal antibodies specific for p97, and then exposed to complement and also tested for binding of monoclonal antibodies specific for other epitopes of p97. The results indicated that melanoma cells continued to express p97 after prolonged exposure to specific antibody, a prerequisite for many therapeutic applications.
A high programming throughput 0.35 /spl mu/m p-channel DINOR flash memory

A high programming throughput p-channel DINOR flash memory with the BBHE injection programming method has been developed using 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process. This programming method realizes a high programming throughput of 8 nsec/Byte by utilizing 512 Byte parallel program operation with a low leakage current of less than 250 /spl mu/A. We have also demonstrated the good erase/write cycling endurance of 1/spl times/10/sup 5/. This process and device technology is very promising to the high performance 64 Mbit flash memories and future flash devices.
Improving stroke alert response time: applying quality improvement methodology to the inpatient neurologic emergency.

BACKGROUND Stroke often leaves its victims with devastating disabilities if not treated promptly. Guidelines recommend that brain imaging be obtained within 25 minutes, yet this benchmark is rarely achieved for the in-hospital stroke. PURPOSE To reduce time to evaluation for strokes occurring in patients already hospitalized, through systematic analysis of current processes and application of standardized quality improvement methodology. METHODS Improving the quality of care for in-hospital stroke patients involved 4 key steps: (1) creation of a detailed process map to identify inefficiencies in the current process for identifying and treating hospitalized stroke patients, (2) development of an optimized care pathway, (3) implementation of a checklist of optimal practices for the acute stroke response team and nursing staff, and (4) real-time feedback. Time from stroke alert to initiation of computed tomography (CT) scan was prospectively tracked for the 6-month period prior to intervention. After a 3-month interval for intervention roll-out, the response times for the pre-intervention period were compared to a 6-month post-intervention evaluation period. RESULTS Pre-intervention median inpatient stroke alert-to-CT time was 69.0 minutes, with 19% meeting the goal of 25 minutes from alert to CT time. Post-intervention median inpatient stroke alert-to-CT time was reduced to 29.5 minutes, with 32% at goal (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This inpatient stroke alert quality improvement initiative decreased median inpatient alert-to-CT time by 57%, and demonstrated that speed of in-hospital stroke evaluation can be improved through systematic application of quality improvement principles.
Cardiovascular Determinants of Carotid Artery Disease: The Rotterdam Elderly Study

The objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence of moderate and severe stenosis of the right carotid artery in the elderly and its associations with smoking, blood pressure, serum lipid levels, and hemostatic factors. The Rotterdam Elderly Study is a recently started single-center prospective follow-up study of a cohort of 11,854 elderly people aged 55 years or more. In 1990,954 participants of the Rotterdam Elderly Study underwent ultrasonic duplex examination of the right internal carotid artery. A reduction of the lumen diameter of 16–49% was found in 29 people (3.0%). Severe stenosis (50% or more) was observed in 13 people (1.4%). With differences in age, sex, and body mass index taken into account, subjects with moderate-to-severe carotid artery disease had, compared with participants without stenosis, lower mean high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (mean difference, 0.10 mmol/l; 95% confidence interval, 0, 0.20) and higher mean fibrinogen levels (difference, 0.24 g/1; 0.04, 0.45). Among them were more people with hypertension (mean difference, 16%) and more current smokers (mean difference, 13%). Factor VHc and factor VIIIc activity was higher in subjects with carotid artery disease, without, however, reaching statistical significance (mean difference, 0.06 IU/ml [-0.01, 0.12] and 0.21 IU/ml [-0.05, 0.47], respectively). Our data suggest that hypertension, smoking, and reduced serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, combined with unfavorable increases in hemostatic factors, may be related to carotid artery disease in the elderly.
Utilities’ Business Models for Renewable Energy: Evidence from Germany

This study on German utilities' business models for renewable energies provides new insights into the thinking of Germany's leading utilities about future business models. Two generic business models are derived from the literature and are subsequently analyzed based on a series of in-depth interviews. A core result is that utilities clearly favor large scale projects over small scale projects on the customer-side. This result can be explained with the return potential and renewable energy portfolio standards. Contradictory to the existing literature, German utilities do not see electricity generation on the customer-side as threat to their business model. Instead, they develop very different approaches for large scale projects. It can be concluded that utility engagement in customer-side business models will remain limited in Germany, whereas large scale projects are seen as a promising future business model. The analysis from a business model perspective also shows that both business models, for small scale as well as for large scale projects, still offer room for innovation. Hence, business model innovation can help utilities to create and capture more value in the energy transition.
A novel drug delivery gel of terbinafine hydrochloride with high penetration for external use

Abstract Context: Terbinafine hydrochloride is an antifungal drug for onychomycosis. Poor permeability of its external preparation leads to poor curative effect. Transfersomes, also known as flexible liposome, could improve transmission of drug for local external use. Terbinafine hydrochloride-loaded liposome is expected to become a breakthrough on the treatment of onychomycosis. Objective: This study is aimed to prepare high skin penetration terbinafine hydrochloride transfersomes with high encapsulation efficiency, appropriate drug loading and good stability. Materials and methods: Taking entrapment efficiency as the main indicator, the formulations and the processes of preparation were investigated. Transfersomes with different surfactants were prepared in the optimization processes, and the formulations were optimized through the transdermal test in vitro. As a result, a gel contained transfersomes was obtained with a brief evaluation. Its pharmacokinetic properties of going through the skin were studied by using the micro dialysis technology and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to assay the penetration behavior of terbinafine. Results: Mean particle size of the terbinafine hydrochloride transfersomes was 69.6 ± 1.23 nm, and the entrapment efficiency was 95.4% ± 0.51. The content of the gel was 4.45 ± 0.15 mg/g. The accumulated permeation of the transfersomes gel in 12 h was 88.52 ± 4.06 µg cm−2 and the intracutaneous drug detention was 94.38 ± 5.26 µg cm–2. The results of pharmacokinetic studies showed the Cmax and area under the curve (AUC) were apparently higher than the commercial cream. Discussion and conclusion: The terbinafine hydrochloride transfersomes was highly absorbed by the skin. The absorption rate was significantly higher than that of the commercial cream either in the transdermal test in vitro or in the pharmacokinetic studies in vivo.
Visualizing large trees using the hyperbolic browser

We demonstrate a focus+context (fisheye) scheme for viswd-izing and manipulating kuge hierarchies. Our approach is to lay out the hierarchy uniformly on the hyperbolic plane and map this plane onto a circular display region. ‘l’he projection onto the disk provides a natural mechanism for assigning more space to a portion of the hierarchy while still embedding it in a much larger context. Change of focus is accomplished by tmnslatingthe structure on the hyperbolic plane, which allows a smooth transition without compromising the presentation of the context.
Evaluation of the efficacy of the VEEP regimen in adult Hodgkin's disease with assessment of gonadal and cardiac toxicity.

PURPOSE The aim of this phase II study was to investigate the potential of the vincristine, epirubicin, etoposide, and prednisolone (VEEP) regimen to reduce the risks of long-term sequelae of chemotherapy such as sterility, cardiopulmonary damage, and second malignancies, while maintaining efficacy in terms of response and survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty-five adult patients with newly diagnosed and previously untreated stage II to IV Hodgkin's disease (HD) were entered and monitored for a minimum of 1 year. Patients were treated to maximum response plus two further courses, and if they had not attained a complete response (CR) or CR-unconfirmed/uncertain [CR(u)] were changed to second-line chemotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy was administered to patients with bulky disease and those with postchemotherapy residual masses. Measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), gonadotropins in females, and sperm count in males were taken both before and after treatment with VEEP. RESULTS The maximum rates of response were as follows: CR, 32%; CR(u), 47%; and PR, 21% [CR + CR(u), 79%]. The median follow-up duration is 45 months, with a 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of 89% and failure-free survival (FFS) rate of 62%. Patients in CR at the end of chemotherapy had a higher FFS at 5 years compared with patients in CR(u) (88% v 56%). Acute toxicity was mild, with no pulmonary toxicity or treatment-related deaths. The median LVEF was 62% before VEEP and 57% after VEEP. Gonadal function tests following treatment were normal in 92% of males and 100% of females. No second malignancies have been observed. CONCLUSION VEEP is an active combination with tolerable acute toxicity that preserves fertility and cardiopulmonary function. The efficacy of VEEP is comparable to that of established regimens, but a definitive evaluation of its potential to reduce second malignancies will require a longer follow-up duration.
FoxO1 antagonist suppresses autophagy and lipid droplet growth in adipocytes

ABSTRACT Obesity and related metabolic disorders constitute one of the most pressing heath concerns worldwide. Increased adiposity is linked to autophagy upregulation in adipose tissues. However, it is unknown how autophagy is upregulated and contributes to aberrant adiposity. Here we show a FoxO1-autophagy-FSP27 axis that regulates adipogenesis and lipid droplet (LD) growth in adipocytes. Adipocyte differentiation was associated with upregulation of autophagy and fat specific protein 27 (FSP27), a key regulator of adipocyte maturation and expansion by promoting LD formation and growth. However, FoxO1 specific inhibitor AS1842856 potently suppressed autophagy, FSP27 expression, and adipocyte differentiation. In terminally differentiated adipocytes, AS1842856 significantly reduced FSP27 level and LD size, which was recapitulated by autophagy inhibitors (bafilomycin-A1 and leupeptin, BL). Similarly, AS1842856 and BL dampened autophagy activity and FSP27 expression in explant cultures of white adipose tissue. To our knowledge, this is the first study addressing FoxO1 in the regulation of adipose autophagy, shedding light on the mechanism of increased autophagy and adiposity in obese individuals. Given that adipogenesis and adipocyte expansion contribute to aberrant adiposity, targeting the FoxO1-autophagy-FSP27 axis may lead to new anti-obesity options.
EARNING WITH P OLICY S KETCHES

We describe a framework for multitask deep reinforcement learning guided by policy sketches. Sketches annotate each task with a sequence of named subtasks, providing high-level structural relationships among tasks, but not providing the detailed guidance required by previous work on learning policy abstractions for RL (e.g. intermediate rewards, subtask completion signals, or intrinsic motivations). Our approach associates every subtask with its own modular subpolicy, and jointly optimizes over full task-specific policies by tying parameters across shared subpolicies. This optimization is accomplished via a simple decoupled actor–critic training objective that facilitates learning common behaviors from dissimilar reward functions. We evaluate the effectiveness of our approach on a maze navigation game and a 2-D Minecraft-inspired crafting game. Both games feature extremely sparse rewards that can be obtained only after completing a number of high-level subgoals (e.g. escaping from a sequence of locked rooms or collecting and combining various ingredients in the proper order). Experiments illustrate two main advantages of our approach. First, we outperform standard baselines that learn task-specific or shared monolithic policies. Second, our method naturally induces a library of primitive behaviors that can be recombined to rapidly acquire policies for new tasks.
ANTHRACYCLINE CARDIOTOXICITY IN CHILDHOOD

Over the last 40 years, a significant advance has been made in the treatment of childhood and adult cancers. However, the increase of the survival rate points out medium-and long-term adverse effects that constitute a serious limitation for the quality of life in adults survived from a childhood cancer. Cardiovascular disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in adults treated with chemo-and radiotherapy for childhood cancers. Although some antitumor treatments are potentially cardiotoxic, anthracycline therapy and radiotherapy are mostly responsable for long-term cardiac damage. Anthracycline toxicity is generally limited to the myocardium, while radiation can cause injury to all components of the heart. The purpose of this review is to discuss the mechanisms of action of anthracyclines, their cardiotoxicity, the feasibility of screening, and the prevention of cardiac damage after treatment in childhood.
Taxanes for advanced non-small cell lung cancer

The emergence of novel chemotherapeutic agents with promising anticancer activity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) during the 1990s has led to an expanded role for chemotherapy in the management of this disease. The taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel) are novel microtubule stabilising agents, and have become an integral part of several commonly-used chemotherapy regimens in NSCLC. Taxanes inhibit the growth of lung cancer cell lines, exhibit synergistic interaction with other chemotherapy agents and enhance the efficacy of radiation in vitro. When used in low doses (metronomic dosing), they have important antiangiogenic properties. Several Phase II and III clinical trials have established the efficacy of the taxanes, as single agents and when used in combination with a platinum compound, in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. The use of a taxane in combination with a platinum compound has become an acceptable standard for patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC. In addition to its efficacy in the first-line therapy of NSCLC, docetaxel is also the FDA-approved second-line agent for recurrent or relapsed NSCLC in the US. Several ongoing trials are comparing the efficacy of combining molecularly targeted agents with taxane-based regimens for the treatment of advanced NSCLC.
A Hybrid Method to Extract Triggers in Biomedical Events

: Biomedical event extraction from literature is a new research topic in the field of biomedical text mining. Trigger detection is a crucial and challenging subtask in this complex task. A method based on the conditional random field (CRF) model combined with support vector machine (SVM) is developed in this study to detect biomedical event triggers. Rich features, including lexical and structural, are used in model training. Experiment results show the promising perfor-mance of the method, which achieved an F-score of 72.07 on the BioNLP2013-ST corpus. Different from the other similar systems, the valid proteins that participate in the event are identified which is helpful to detect the triggers. We believe this work is a positive contribution to the biomedical text mining community by easing biomedical event extraction.
Analysis of oxytetracycline residue in salmon muscle using a portable analyzer based on EuIII luminescence

In the United States, oxytetracycline (OTC) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in salmon, catfish and lobster; worldwide, it is the most prominent therapeutant in aquaculture. In this study, OTC and 4-epiOTC residues in salmon muscle were determined using a portable analyzer based on europium-sensitized luminescence (ESL). Extraction was performed first in EDTA/metaphosphoric acid/NaCl/hexane and then in metaphosphoric acid. After centrifugation, cleanup was carried out using hydrophilic–lipophilic balance cartridges. The ESL intensity, integrated over a 25–1000 µs interval, was linear (r 2 = 0.9999) over three orders of magnitude. In comparison to xenon flashlamp, light-emitting diode (LED) excitation reduced background noise by sixfold to 6.4 ng g−1. Without prior chromatographic separation, this ESL method/instrument combination achieved 10.9 ng g−1 limit of detection and <2% average relative standard deviation. Average recovery was 82.0, 83.6 and 86.8% at 50, 100 and 2000 ng g−1, respectively.
A CMOS low-power polar demodulator for electrical bioimpedance spectroscopy using adaptive self-sampling schemes

A CMOS integrated low-power polar demodulator for electrical bioimpedance spectroscopy is proposed. This polar demodulator extracts magnitude and phase of tissue's impedance. Two adaptive self-sampling schemes, namely zero-time sampling (ZTS) and peak-time sampling (PTS), are proposed to efficiently extract the magnitude of impedance. Since ZTS scheme reuses clock signals used in the XOR-based phase-extracting circuit, low-power consumption is achieved. When ZTS scheme is used, magnitude error increases as frequency of the injected sinusoidal signal increases. Instead of ZTS scheme, PTS scheme is used when the signal above 100 kHz is injected. Targeting 1-kHz to 2.048-MHz frequency range, the proposed demodulator designed in a 0.25-im CMOS process consumes 10.3 mW at its maximum with magnitude and phase errors of 1.0% and 1.3°, respectively.