Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of environmental perturbation on microbial community structure and dynamics: Factors affecting growth of Clonothrix fusca in groundwater

Abstract In a previous work temporal succession of two sheathed, filamentous methanotrophic γ-Proteobacteria, Crenothrix polyspora and Clonothrix fusca, was observed by analyzing the microbial community of an artesian well. Although a correlation between physical-chemical environmental parameters and growth of these microorganisms was suggested, the link with the microbial physiology remained elusive. In this study we demonstrate that phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin, generally abundant in most γ-Proteobacteria, could not be detected in C. fusca membranes by thin-layer chromatography. The absence of cardiolipin was supported by results of enzymatic assay of cardiolipin synthase activity and by Southern blot analysis that failed to detect cls homologous sequences in the genomic DNA of this microorganism. The absence of phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin might account for requirement of millimolar concentrations of magnesium and calcium for growth, and for massive over-growth of this microorganism during the winter season when the water levels of magnesium and calcium increased in the artesian well.
Methodological considerations in the analysis of forest disturbance history

A number of nondestructive techniques for analyzing the timing, frequency, and magnitude of natural disturbances in forest stands are discussed in this paper. Intensive age determination of trees is desirable for reconstructing forest disturbance history, but age distribution alone is not always a sufficient basis for a disturbance chronology. Frequently all-aged forests have undergone severe past disturbance which cannot be readily identified from the distribution of trees among age-classes. Radial growth patterns provide more direct evidence of past canopy tree deaths. In cases where a large sample of tree ages and growth records is not feasible, structural attributes of forests can provide valuable supplementary evidence. Evidence of the effects of disturbance history and age structure on diameter distributions is examined, and principles for valid interpretation proposed. Crown area distributions and diameter distributions of nonsuppressed trees potentially appear to be more reliable structural indica.
Data patterns in multiple botanical descriptions: Implications for automatic processing of legacy data

Abstract An analysis of conventional paper‐based botanical descriptions from Floras was undertaken as part of the development of MultiFlora, a system for the automatic production of a queryable database from such legacy data. The descriptions of five species of Ranunculus L. (buttercups and crowfoots) in six different English language Floras, from Europe and North America, show a surprising lack of uniformity in the suite of properties described. There is also considerable variation in the way property states are recorded. These findings have implications for the automatic production of taxonomic databases. This study is a proof of concept exercise, in which the taxa used are of negligible importance in themselves.
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS OF THE ITALIAN PODARCIS LIZARDS (REPTILIA, LACERTIDAE)

Abstract Phylogenetic relationships within the Italian species of the lacertid genus Podarcis were examined by parsimony analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences from the genes encoding the small ribosomal RNA and the phenyl transfer RNA. Lacerta viridis was used as outgroup and Teira dugesii was also included in the ingroup. The 80 phylogenetically informative positions produced four most parsimonious trees, with the Italian Podarcis split into three groups: the first comprised P. filfolensis, P. melisellensis. P. wagleriaria, P. muralis, and P. raffonei, the second P. sicula with its various subspecies. The third lineage was that of P. tiliguerta, whose relationships were resolved as more closely related to the first clade, when weighting transversion three times transitions. Bootstrap analyses on a subset of sequences representing all species herein studied, supported the results from the larger dataset. The present results are only partly in agreement with previous hypotheses based on morphology, immun.
Accurate Computation of IGBT Junction Temperature in PLECS

In the article, a new method to improve the accuracy of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) junction temperature computations in the piecewise linear electrical circuit simulation (PLECS) software is proposed and described in detail. This method allows computing the IGBT junction temperature using a nonlinear compact thermal model of this device in PLECS. In the method, a nonlinear compact thermal model of the IGBT is used, which considers the dependence of thermal resistance on the junction temperature. The usefulness of the method is experimentally verified, and it is confirmed that it increases the accuracy of the computations and shortens their time. The differences between the measured and computed characteristics are discussed. The application of the developed method for computations resulted in a significant reduction of their error to only a few percent. The developed method can be applied in the system-level simulations of the power electronics converters.
Flexibility and Function in HIV Protease: Dynamics of the HIV-1 Protease Bound to the Asymmetric Inhibitor Kynostatin 272 (KNI-272)

The HIV-1 protease is a 22 kDa homodimeric protein essential for function of the AIDS virus, and protease inhibitors have been developed into effective HIV drugs. In order to better understand HIV-1 protease−inhibitor interactions, we have investigated amide backbone dynamics by correlated 1H−15N NMR spectroscopy. To date, HIV-1 protease/inhibitor complexes studied by NMR spectroscopy have been limited to C2 symmetric structures, consisting of the protease bound to a symmetric inhibitor. Herein we report studies of the dynamics of HIV-1 protease complexed to KNI-272, a potent (Ki ca. 5 pM), asymmetric inhibitor which lifts the chemical shift degeneracy of the protease monomers and allows us to ascertain if the individual protease monomers have significantly different backbone motions. Using isotope filtered/edited spectra of 15N/13C protease complexed with unlabeled KNI-272, together with distances derived from the protease/KNI-272 X-ray structure, we obtained monomer specific NMR signal assignments. We d.
Nonorthogonal Multiple Access for Wireless-Powered IoT Networks

In this article, we exploit nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for simultaneous energy and information transfer in a wireless-powered Internet-of-Things (IoT) network. As double near–far problem causes severe unfairness, we propose a fairness-aware NOMA-based scheduling scheme to enhance the max–min fairness. Specifically, according to the channel conditions, we divide IoT devices into the interference and noninterference groups with relatively good and poor channel qualities, respectively. Energy transfer is concurrently scheduled with data transmissions of devices with good channels. Thus, devices can harvest more energy to achieve higher rates at the cost of reduced rates of devices with good channels due to the interfering energy signals. We then apply order statistics to theoretically analyze the achievable rates of ordered devices. Based on the analysis, devices are optimally categorized into the interference and noninterference groups to achieve the max–min fairness, i.e., the minimum rate of devices in both groups is maximized. An adaptive power allocation algorithm is also proposed to further improve the network fairness when the transmission power of the energy transmitter is controllable. Throughput-aware NOMA-based scheduling is also presented and compared with the fairness-aware NOMA-based scheduling to illustrate the performance tradeoff between the throughput and fairness. The simulation results validate that the proposed NOMA-based scheduling schemes significantly improve the fairness and throughput performance of wireless-powered IoT networks, compared with the existing solutions.
Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Adaptive Computation Offloading for MEC in Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks

The vehicular network needs efficient and reliable data communication technology to maintain low latency. It is very challenging to minimize the energy consumption and data communication delay while the vehicle is moving and wireless channels and bandwidth are time-varying. With the help of the emerging mobile edge computing (MEC) server, vehicles and roadside units (RSUs) can offload computing tasks to MEC associated with base station (BS). However, the environment for offloading tasks to MEC, e.g., wireless channel states and available bandwidth, is unstable. Therefore, ensuring the efficiency of computation offloading under such an unstable environment is a challenge. In this work, we design a task computation offloading model in a heterogeneous vehicular network; this model takes into account multiple stochastic tasks, the variety of wireless channels and bandwidth. To obtain the tradeoff between the cost of energy consumption and the cost of data transmission delay and avoid curse of dimensionality caused by the complexity of the large action space, we propose an adaptive computation offloading method based on deep reinforcement learning (ACORL) that can address the continuous action space. ACORL adds the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) noise vector to the action space with different factors for each action to validate the exploration. Multi transmission equipment can execute local processing and computation offloading to MEC. Nevertheless, ACORL considers the variety of wireless channels and available bandwidth between adjacent time slots. The numerical results illustrate that the proposed ACORL can effectively learn the optimal policy, which outperforms the Dueling DQN and greedy policy in the stochastic environment.
A phylogenetic analysis of the Smilacaceae based on morphological data

In order to construct phylogenetic relationships of the family Smilacaceae, 79 species representing all genera and sections of the family from all over the world were used for cladistic analysis, with Philesia and Lapageria of Philasiaceae as outgroups. A matrix of 36 binary and 11 multistate morphological characters was constructed. The first parsimonious analysis yielded numerous most parsimonious trees of 275 steps, and then 82 most parsimonious trees with 40.729 steps length were produced by reweighting characters using maximum values of rescaled consistency (RC), which remained stable after the second reweighting. There is a moderate resolution but generally poor bootstrap support for the phylogenetic relationships in the family. From the strict MP tree and the NJ tree, Ripogonum is a sister to Smilax, but may be better treated as a separate family. Heterosmilax is considered to be derived from ancestral Smilax and occurs as the most derived clade of the Smilacaceae, and thus it is reasonable to retain it as a section in Smilax s.l. Within Smilax most currently recognized sections are polyphyletic, but some major lineages are distinct. The herbaceous Smilax species form a monophyletic clade, and it is also the case for the South American species. Their positions in the cladogram are intriguing and may help to shed light on evolutionary and biogeographic history of the family.
Naked lobose amoebae of the genus Mayorella (Amoebozoa, Discosea, Dermamoebida) in Ukrainian water bodies

Naked Lobose Amoebae of the Genus Mayorella (Amoebozoa, Discosea, Dermamoebida) in Ukrainian Water Bodies. Patsyuk, M. K. — In Ukrainian water bodies, the genus Mayorella Schaeff er, 1926 is represented by ten species: Mayorella cantabrigiensis Page, 1983, Mayorella vespertilioides Page, 1983, Mayorella bigemma Schaeff er, 1918, Mayorella leidyi Bovee, 1970, Mayorella penardi Page, 1972, Mayorella viridis Leidy, 1874, Mayorella sp. (1), Mayorella sp. (2), Mayorella sp. (3), Mayorella sp. (4). Th e most widely distributed are M. cantabrigiensis, M. vespertilioides, Mayorella sp. (1), the least observed are M. leidyi, M. penardi, M. viridis, Mayorella sp. (4). Th e distribution of amoebae is infl uenced by abiotic environmental factors.
Interaction mechanism of an antimalarial drug, sulfadoxine with human serum albumin

Abstract The main aim of this study was to characterize the molecular interaction between sulfadoxine and the major transport protein in the blood plasma, human serum albumin using fluorescence, absorption, circular dichroism, and voltammetric techniques along with computational methods. Sulfadoxine-induced changes in the fluorescence signal of human serum albumin hinted the complex formation between sulfadoxine and human serum albumin. Both values of the bimolecular quenching rate constant and UV-vis absorption spectral results characterized the quenching of human serum albumin fluorescence as static quenching. Analysis of the quenching results showed a moderate binding affinity of 3.39 × 104 M−1 at 300 K between sulfadoxine and human serum albumin. Thermodynamic data (entropy change = +104.42 J mol−1 K−1, enthalpy change = +5.25 kJ mol−1) suggested the participation of hydrophobic interactions as the main binding force in the complex formation. Secondary and tertiary structural changes along with microenvironmental perturbation around protein fluorophores were also noticed upon sulfadoxine binding. The voltammetric spectral analysis further supported the complex formation between human serum albumin and sulfadoxine. Competitive ligand displacement results, as well as computational analysis, revealed binding of sulfadoxine to Sudlow’s Site I, located in subdomain IIA of human serum albumin.
Combined Experimental and Computational Approach for the Vibrational Characteristics and Theoretical Evaluation of Binding Activities and ADME Descriptors of 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol

Abstract A crystalline sample of multipotent molecule “2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol” (DBPC) was characterized by FT-IR, FT-Raman and its spectroscopic signatures were analyzed using density functional theory (DFT) computations. The weaker intermolecular interactions such as π-π, alkyl-alkyl, π-alkyl in the extended molecular framework were analyzed by Quantum topological atoms in molecule approach. The conformational analysis of the structure and the optimized geometrical parameters of the minimum energy conformer were discussed in detail. The excitation energies corresponding to one electron transition from various HOMO and LUMO energy levels were predicted using DFT. The second-order perturbation approach has been implemented to determine interaction energies between the molecular species. The predicted nonlinear optical (NLO) properties (second-order hyperpolarizabilities) suggest that DBPC can act as NLO materials. Since it has been already found as an anti-oxidant agent, an attempt was performed to find its active binding sites on phase II metabolism isoenzyme. The adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion descriptors were predicted to evaluate its drug-likeness. Also, the Swiss BOİLED-Egg model indicates that DBPC can be passively permeated through the blood-brain barrier and is predicted not to be effluated from the central nervous system by p-glycoprotein (PGP¯).
Atomistic insight into the aggregation of [Au25(SR)18]q nanoclusters

Atomically precise nanoclusters have been proven to give solid state aggregates with intriguing optical properties. However, the mechanism that regulates this aggregation remains unclear. Here, the aggregation of two Au25 nanoclusters in solution is investigated through enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations. To understand how the free energy of the systems depends on the nanocluster features, calculations were performed on three nanocluster pairs which differ in charge states and substituent nature and dimension. Our results show that the choice of the ligands heavily affects the free energy profile of the systems when the structures are nearby and, in some cases, the formation of a dimeric phase is observed. This phase is particularly stable in long-chain substituted nanoclusters, where the long alkane chains can generate bundles and the gold cores are closer compared to the short-chain ligands. We found a remarkable agreement between our calculations and the literature-available solid-state structures, especially for the orientation of the interacting nanoclusters. Moreover, some of the dimeric structures are prodromal to the formation of the aurophilic intercluster bond observed in the crystal structures, meaning that the dimer can act as a precursor and can drive the whole crystallization mechanism toward the formation of stable crystal species.
An intermediate type of medusa from the early Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation, South China

The tetraradial or pentaradial fossil embryos and related hatched individuals from the early Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation are of great interest for understanding the early evolution of medusozoans. The phylogenetic and evolutionary significance of their external and internal characters (e.g. manubrium, tentacles, septa and claustra) is still controversial. Here we describe a new pentamerous medusozoan, Hanagyroia orientalis gen. et sp. nov., characterized by five well‐developed perradial oral lips around a remarkably large manubrium, a conspicuous equatorial groove, and five short interradial pairs of extensile tentacles at the bell margin. Internally, five broad and stout interradial septa join horizontally to form the claustra. Hanagyroia orientalis lacks the frenula, apertural lappet and velarium seen in coeval microfossils and extant cubozoans. Although H. orientalis resembles extant coronate scyphozoans in its round medusa‐like bell margin and equatorial groove, cladistic analysis suggests close affinity with cubozoans. Hanagyroia may represent an intermediate morphological type between scyphozoans and cubozoans. The well‐developed oral lips and paired short strong tentacles of Hanagyroia suggest direct development.
Sustained Swimming Mitigates Stress in Juvenile Fish Brycon amazonicus

Moderate exercise in the form of sustained swimming (SS) was explored as a conditioner against hauling stress in Brycon amazonicus. Fish were split into two groups and were held for an experimental period in triplicated cylindrical tanks, half of which contained still water and the other half of which contained water moving in a circular motion at 1 body length per second (1BL/sec). After 60 days, both groups were submitted to hauling for 4 h followed by a 48-h recovery period, and analyzed for physiological indicators of stress. Most blood parameters were not notably influenced by exercise, but fish reared under SS returned to normal glucose and cortisol profiles faster than those reared in motionless water.
Methods for real-time optical location and tracking of unmanned aerial vehicles using digital neural networks

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play important role in human life. Today there is a high rate of technology development in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles production. Along with the growing popularity of the private UAVs, the threat of using drones for terrorist attacks and other illegal purposes is also significantly increasing. In this case the UAVs detection and tracking in city conditions are very important. In this paper we consider the possibility of detecting drones from a video image. The work compares the effectiveness of fast neural networks YOLO v.3, YOLO v.3-SPP and YOLO v.4. The experimental tests showed the effectiveness of using the YOLO v.4 neural network for real-time UAVs detection without significant quality losses. To estimate the detection range, a calculation of the projection target points in different ranges was performed. The experimental tests showed possibility to detect UAVs size of 0.3 m at a distance about 1 km with Precision more than 90 %.
5G Road Map to Communication Revolution

The goal of this chapter is to give researchers, practitioners, and students a pedestal to get a comprehensive look at the new technology of communication named 5G. The chapter will present an introduction that shows the importance of 5G to the different uses of the Internet. Then, the chapter will present two essential aspects: (1) 5G research in academia and real world and (2) timeline of Gs. Then, the chapter will discuss three aspects of 5G which are, namely, (1) Regulations, (2) security, and (3) the 5 enabling Technologies. Then, the chapter will discuss the real-life case of South Korea mobile carrier.
Begomovirus related to Tomato leaf curl Pakistan virus newly reported in Mentha crops in India

cv. Viridis at CIMAP, Lucknow, and in adjoining areas theoccurrence of a begomovirus-caused disease was for the ﬁrst time observedduring May and June 2005. Typical symptoms were foliar rugosity, lightyellow mosaic, upward curling, crinkling and retarded growth leading todrastic reduction in the herb’s yield. In 2007, the disease incidence wasrecorded to be in the range of 50 to 60%. The disease also appeared in theTarai region of Uttaranchal province. Infected plants were used forelectron microscopy, whiteﬂy transmission tests and polymerase chainreaction (PCR)-mediated begomovirus-speciﬁc diagnostics, but neithervirus particles (in leaf dip), nor cytopathic effects or inclusion bodies weredetected. However, from the naturally infected plants, the disease wastransmitted to healthy seedlings of spearmint by whiteﬂies (
Subpopulation Structure and Dispersal in Two Populations of Chamois

Subdivision of a population into reproductive units and rates of exchanges among them may influence population dynamics. Unfortunately, subpopulation units and flows of immigration and emigration are difficult to estimate because of the lack of data on spatial behavior of individuals. By studying two populations of chamois ( Rupicapra ), 244 marked animals, and a 10-year monitoring program, we determined that subpopulation units were related closely to topographic limits in which >90% of the females were philopatric. Males had a greater tendency to disperse than females, especially before reproduction, but females did more exploratory movements. We found no difference in sex-specific dispersal rates between sites, despite differences in densities and sex-ratio. The relatively high dispersal rate of males and the lack of effects of sex-ratio and density on dispersal rates support the inbreeding-avoidance hypothesis as a main cause of dispersal. High rates of exploratory movements, especially among females, indicates that local resource competition within female groups also may play a role. Dispersal patterns have to be explained in the context of possible different motivations between sexes, related to social and spatial segregation. Moreover, we argue for an effect of topography, which determines where dispersal is possible. Accordingly, dispersal occurred at a site with continuous connections with favorable habitat. Colonization of new areas from protected reserves is limited by low dispersal rates of females and increasing isolation between favorable areas in mountains. Management and conservation policies have to take these aspects into account to predict distribution of chamois on a large scale and cope with high local densities resulting from female philopatry.
Emotional Intelligence of Elementary Scholar: Instructional Strategy and Personality Tendency

Each child has a different personality type of tendency. Personality type is closely related to emotional intelligence. Through this study, we report the analysis results of the effects of personality type tendencies and the application of learning strategies in controlling the emotional intelligence of elementary school students. This study uses the quasi-experimental method with a 2x2 factorial design in data collection. Data analysis used was a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Research findings show that students with extrovert tendencies personality are better than students with introvert personality types. The application of inquiry strategies in learning is better at controlling emotional intelligence than the application of expository strategies.