Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Double spin resonance of electrons in snake states

Two-dimensional electron gases (2DEG) located at GaAs/Al0.33Ga0. 67As heterojunctions are modulated by a periodic magnetic field generated by a magnetic grating fabricated at the surface of the heterostructure and are irradiated by microwaves. The devices were investigated for the detection of excitations of both paramagnetic and ferromagnetic spins in the magnetoresistance. Electron spin antiresonance was electrically detected, where spin flips are propelled by two transitions: one activated by snake orbit oscillations in the slanted magnetic field, the other by the microwaves. The double resonance forms a dark state which blocks spin flips, decreases Overhauser shift and freezes snake orbit drift, therefore changing the conduction in the 2DEG. The antiresonance is quantitatively described in the coherent population trapping framework. Collective and localised spin wave modes in dysprosium and cobalt gratings were detected as well in the 2DEG. Such effects were investigated as a function of microwave power, temperature, tilt angle of the applied magnetic field, and by varying the structural and material parameters to change the strength of dipolar interactions. The data reveal two types of spin waves. Dipolar magnetisation waves propagate across the grating through the magnetostatic interaction between stripes. An analytical expression of their dispersion curve was derived and a good fit of the ferromagnetic resonance broadening was obtained. The second type are dipolar edge spin waves which manifest through a series of sharp resonances at lower magnetic field. These waves are confined near the pole surfaces in spin wave ”wells”. The eigenfrequencies of the quantised modes were calculated and a qualitative explanation of the low field resonances was obtained. The experiments show that photovoltage measurements in hybrid semiconductor-ferromagnetic structures provide a sensitive and non-invasive tool for probing the spin waves of small magnets
Indirect Effects of Binary Typhoons on an Extreme Rainfall Event in Henan Province, China From 19 to 21 July 2021: 2. Numerical Study

An extreme precipitation event over Henan province, China from 19 to 21 July 2021 led to flood disasters in this region and widespread concern about the subsequent loss of life and livelihoods. We conducted numerical simulations to examine the impacts of typhoons In‐fa (2021) and Cempaka (2021) on this extreme rainfall event. The control simulation reasonably reproduced the motion of typhoons In‐fa and Cempaka and the associated distribution and amount of extreme rainfall. Sensitivity experiments were conducted in which typhoon In‐fa was artificially moved in both northerly and westerly directions in the initial conditions. The results indicated that the southerly flow between typhoon Cempaka and Henan, which determined the structure and distribution of the extreme rainfall event, was sensitive to the motion of typhoon In‐fa. Numerical experiments that removed typhoon Cempaka confirmed that both the movement of In‐fa and its interaction with Cempaka were closely associated with southerly flows and had a significant effect on the extreme precipitation event. In the absence of typhoon Cempaka, although typhoon In‐fa still had a remote effect on precipitation, the effect was much smaller than in the presence of Cempaka. Our simulation of this extreme rainfall event in Henan and the associated sensitivity experiments are consistent with the results of previous studies of multiple tropical cyclones, which showed that interactions among multiple tropical cyclones can lead to changes in their outer circulation that affect extreme precipitation events.
Towards an All-Solid-State Electrochromic Device: A Review of Solid-State Electrolytes and the Way Forward

In order to curb high electricity usage, especially in commercial buildings, smart windows, also known as “switchable” or “smart” glasses, have attracted a significant amount of attention in an effort to achieve energy savings in eco-friendly buildings and transportation systems. Smart windows save energy by regulating the input of solar heat and light and hence cutting down air-conditioning expenses, while maintaining indoor comfort. This is achieved by electrochromism, which is defined as the reversible colour change in electrochromic (EC) materials from transparent to dark blue and vice versa under a small applied voltage. Recent state-of-the-art electrochromic devices (ECD) adopt liquid-based electrolytes as the main source of energy for basic operations. While this has resulted in much success in ECDs as reported in past studies, there remain several drawbacks to this aspect, such as liquid electrolyte leakage and evaporation, not to mention safety concerns related to the harmful nature of electrolyte materials. This paper aims to review the recent advances in various solid electrolytes that are potential solutions to the mentioned problems.
Why do we find dead bumblebees under linden trees?

Linden trees (Tilia spp.) have for a long time been associated with bumblebee (Bombus spp.) mortality in Europe and North America. Several explanations have been suggested for this phenomenon. This study aimed to explore to which extent the factors of predation, ageing, starvation, and poisonous nectar serve as explanations for bumblebee mortality in association with linden trees. Starvation, ageing, and predation all contributed to mortality of bumblebees found under flowering linden trees. The mean weight of a dead wild bumblebee found under linden trees was found to be close to the weight of a starved bumblebee of the same size. This indicated that starvation was the main driver for many of the deaths. A significant proportion of the dead bumblebees collected under linden trees had injuries indicating predation. The authors suggest that predation may serve as a secondary explanation for the bumblebee mortality, after weakening by starvation or other factors. A small proportion of the bumblebees may have died from physical degradation or age. The present study did not support the poisonous nectar hypothesis. It is necessary to explore the covariation between the suggested hypotheses more closely, to better understand the interplay between the different factors. In addition, there is a need to investigate alternative hypotheses for the association between bumblebees and linden trees.
Extremely efficient constructions of hash functions, with applications to hardness magnification and PRFs

In a recent work, Fan, Li, and Yang (STOC 2022) constructed a family of almost-universal hash functions such that each function in the family is computable by (2n + o(n))-gate circuits of fan-in 2 over the B2 basis. Applying this family, they established the existence of pseudorandom functions computable by circuits of the same complexity, under the standard assumption that OWFs exist. However, a major disadvantage of the hash family construction by Fan, Li, and Yang (STOC 2022) is that it requires a seed length of poly(n), which limits its potential applications. We address this issue by giving an improved construction of almost-universal hash functions with seed length polylog(n), such that each function in the family is computable with POLYLOGTIME-uniform (2n + o(n))-gate circuits. Our new construction has the following applications in both complexity theory and cryptography. • (Hardness magnification). Let α : N → N be any function such that α(n) ≤ log n/ log log n. We show that if there is an nα(n)-sparse NP language that does not have probabilistic circuits of 2n + O(n/ log log n) gates, then we have (1) NTIME[2n] ⊈ SIZE [2n1/5] and (2) NP ⊈ SIZE[nk] for every constant k. Complementing this magnification phenomenon, we present an O(n)-sparse language in P which requires probabilistic circuits of size at least 2n − 2. This is the first result in hardness magnification showing that even a sub-linear additive improvement on known circuit size lower bounds would imply NEXP ⊄ P/poly. Following Chen, Jin, and Williams (STOC 2020), we also establish a sharp threshold for explicit obstructions: we give an explict obstruction against (2n − 2)-size circuits, and prove that a sub-linear additive improvement on the circuit size would imply (1) DTIME[2n] ⊈ SIZE[2n1/5] and (2) P ⊈ SIZE[nk] for every constant k. • (Extremely efficient construction of pseudorandom functions). Assuming that one of integer factoring, decisional Diffie-Hellman, or ring learning-with-errors is sub-exponentially hard, we show the existence of pseudorandom functions computable by POLYLOGTIME-uniform AC0[2] circuits with 2n + o(n) wires, with key length polylog(n). We also show that PRFs computable by POLYLOGTIME-uniform B2 circuits of 2n + o(n) gates follows from the existence of sub-exponentially secure one-way functions.
Forearm Hereditary Multiple Exostosis: A Retrospective Case Series Study

Background Hereditary multiple exostosis (HME) is a significantly rare genetic condition with benign chondrogenic lesions affecting long bones. Forearm involvement is relatively common, with varied treatment modalities reported. Here we describe our experience with HME. The study is the first of its kind to be conducted in the Middle East and Saudi Arabia. Methods A retrospective medical record-based case review was carried out on patients with forearm HME operated from 2006 to 2022 at our institution. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, management, outcome, Masada scale, and radiological outcomes were analysed. Results Ten patients (12 affected forearms) with HME were included. The average age of those undergoing surgery was 12.7 ± 5.13 years, and the average length of follow-up was 62.25 months. Most patients (n = 5, 50%) had Masada type 1 (Type I indicates radial head not displaced, primary exostosis from the distal region of the ulna, ulna relatively short, radius bending). Five (50%) underwent radial head resection. The majority of the patients (n = 8, 80%) had no complications or recurrence. Two patients developed recurrence; the first one developed recurrent radial bone deformity and dislocation of the radial head and the second, who underwent excision with an iliac crest bone graft application, developed osteolysis of the bone graft with recurrent deformity. Conclusion HME is typically managed primarily by excision of the lesion at skeletal maturity and annual check-up and radiological follow-up. If a secondary procedure is needed in future, simple excision of the dislocated radial head would be the most feasible approach. Due to the rarity of the illness and limited literature, further studies are still required to optimize the outcome in children with HME.
Outtakes from My Journey through the World of LIPID MAPS

My laboratory’s research on lipids has focused on phospholipases and lipidomics and in many ways has evolved in parallel to the evolution of the lipid field over the past half century. I have reviewed our research elsewhere. Herein, I describe the “side stories” or “outtakes” that parallel the main story that focuses on our laboratory’s research. I will emphasize the importance of community activities and describe how I came to initiate and lead the international effort on the Lipid Metabolites and Pathways Strategy (LIPID MAPS). Several of these side activities had a significant effect on discoveries in my laboratory research and its evolution as well as contributing significantly to the development of the LIPID MAPS initiative. These included experience and influences from serving as Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Lipid Research and Chair and President of the Keystone Symposia on Cell and Molecular Biology as well as other experiences in organizing lipid conferences, teaching on lipid structure and mechanism, and earlier formative administrative and leadership experiences. The relevant influences are summarized herein.
Analisis Penerimaan E-Tax Ditjen Pajak Kota Palembang Menggunakan Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

Badan Pengelolaan Pajak Daerah bertugas untuk mengawasi wajib pajak agar tidak melakukan penyimpangan sehingga diharapkan dapat memenuhi kewajiban perpajakan dengan baik dan tepat waktu. Untuk meminimalisir kecurangan yang terjadi dan mempermudah melakukan pengawasan terhadap wajib pajak. E-Tax dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mempermudah proses perpajakan secara sistem online. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah agar dapat diketahui faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap penerimaan E-Tax menggunakan metode Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), proses pengumpulan data dengan metode wawancara, studi literatur dan kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada wajib pajak terdaftar di Ditjen Pajak Daerah Kecamatan Kemuning Palembang yang menjadi sampel berjumlah 32. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis data kuantitatif. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) diperoleh bahwa wajib pajak yang terdaftar di Ditjen Pajak Kota Palembang yang menjadi responden dalam penelitian ini menerima baik E-Tax yang digunakan untuk mempermudah proses pajak dari sektor restoran, parkir, hiburan dan hotel. Penerimaan ini dapat dilihat dari hasil hipotesis yang telah di uji yang menghasilkan lima dari ke enam hipotesis diterima.
Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pill Protects Diabetic Nephropathy by Inhibiting the PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathways in Rats

This study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of Qishen Yiqi dripping pill (QYDP) against diabetic nephropathy (DN) through network pharmacology and animal experiments. The components and targets of QYDP and DN-related targets were retrieved from public databases. A total of 116 compounds and 160 targets of QYDP anti-DN were obtained. The top 10 hub targets including AKT1, TNF, ALB, INS, PPARG, IL-6, IL-1B, VEGF-A, JUN, and MAPK3 were screened by Cytoscape software. Then, the key targets of QYDP were enriched in 1815 Gene Ontology (GO) entries (P < 0.01) and 159 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genomes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways (P < 0.01), mainly including the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. In animal experiments, the results of an ELISA assay showed that QYDP could regulate the expression levels of kidney function-related indexes and reduce the expression of inflammatory factors. qRT-PCR and western blot results showed that QYDP regulated the expression of hub genes. In conclusion, this study shows that QYDP could treat DN by antioxidative and antiinflammatory activity and inhibiting the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
The Microbiota and Cytokines Correlation between the Jejunum and Colon in Altay Sheep

Simple Summary Both the jejunum and the colon secrete unique immune factors that interact with the gut microbiota. Investigating the association of gut microbiota and the host immune system, we detected higher populations of Bacteroides, Fibrobacteres and Spirochetes in the colon than in the jejunum of Altay sheep, which is a unique breed in Xinjiang. Levels of IL-6 and IL-12 were lower in the colon than in the jejunum. IL-10 was positively correlated with Ruminococcus_2 in the jejunum. These results indicate a potential interaction between intestinal microbiota and the host immune system that may be considered for the prevention of sheep diseases and the screening of probiotics. Abstract Both the jejunum and colon release cytokines that interact with intestinal microbiota. However, it is largely unclear which cytokines and microbial populations are involved in the homeostasis of the intestinal ecosystem for sheep health. To address this, we collected contents for isolating microbiota and tissues for determining cytokines from the jejunum and colon of 7-month-old Altay sheep. We used the techniques of 16S rRNA sequencing and ELISA to detect microbial population and cytokine level, respectively. Correlations between microbial population and cytokines were analyzed by Spearman correlation coefficient. The correlation analysis revealed higher populations of Bacteroides, Fibrobacteres and Spirochetes in the colon than in the jejunum, and IL-6 and IL-12 levels were higher in the jejunum than in the colon. Association analysis further revealed a positive association between IL-10 level and both Ruminococcus_2 and norank_f_Bifidobacteriaceae population in the jejunum. The analysis also revealed positive associations between IL-6 level and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013 population, IL-10 and Prevotellaceae_UCG-004, as well as TNF-α and Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 in the colon. These results indicate a potential interaction between the intestinal microbiota and the host immune system that needs to be further clarified for considering dietary formulations to maintain animal health and disease prevention.
Exploring attentional biases, dispositional mindfulness, And the suicide Stroop

iii BRIEF OVERVIEW OF CURRENT STUDY.1 COGNITIVE MODELS OF SUICIDE.7 PROBLEMS WITH SELF-REPORT MEASURES OF SUICIDE RISK.11 BEHAVIORAL MEASURES OF SUICIDE.15 THE SUICIDE STROOP.18 DISPOSITIONAL MINDFULNESS, THE STROOP TASK, AND SUICIDE . 22 AIMS AND HYPOTHESES.25 METHODOLOGY.26 RESULTS.37 DISCUSSION.43 APPENDIX. IRB Approval.54 REFERENCES . 55 VITA . 63 .
A comparative analysis of the application of Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies in the energy sector: A case study of South Africa, Germany and China

Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies have elevated the capabilities and possibilities of improvement and efficiency in the energy sector. This paper interrogates how energy companies in South Africa, Germany and China apply 4IR technologies. A total of 26 energy companies in those countries were surveyed. An analysis was carried out using the Cronbach Alpha, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Survey results indicate that 85% of companies acknowledge good levels of participation in the 4IR, and were clear about which 4IR technologies are important, although few companies develop these themselves. Technologies enabling access to big, real-time data (BRTD) and BRTD analysis software, are valued the most in measured importance, efficiency, reliability and ability to be integrated across the energy system. The transfer of data using the Internet of things ranked highly as a 4IR technology, whereas artificial intelligence, robotics and machine-human integration (also referred to as machine-human interaction) are considered less important, efficient, and reliable. China rates 4IR technologies as more important than South Africa and Germany do. For South Africa to be competitive in the global energy sector it needs to engage with and embrace 4IR technologies to a greater extent.
Value of quantitative airspace disease measured on chest CT and chest radiography at initial diagnosis compared to clinical variables for prediction of severe COVID-19

Abstract. Purpose: Rapid prognostication of COVID-19 patients is important for efficient resource allocation. We evaluated the relative prognostic value of baseline clinical variables (CVs), quantitative human-read chest CT (qCT), and AI-read chest radiograph (qCXR) airspace disease (AD) in predicting severe COVID-19. Approach: We retrospectively selected 131 COVID-19 patients (SARS-CoV-2 positive, March to October, 2020) at a tertiary hospital in the United States, who underwent chest CT and CXR within 48 hr of initial presentation. CVs included patient demographics and laboratory values; imaging variables included qCT volumetric percentage AD (POv) and qCXR area-based percentage AD (POa), assessed by a deep convolutional neural network. Our prognostic outcome was need for ICU admission. We compared the performance of three logistic regression models: using CVs known to be associated with prognosis (model I), using a dimension-reduced set of best predictor variables (model II), and using only age and AD (model III). Results: 60/131 patients required ICU admission, whereas 71/131 did not. Model I performed the poorest (AUC = 0.67 [0.58 to 0.76]; accuracy = 77 % ). Model II performed the best (AUC = 0.78 [0.71 to 0.86]; accuracy = 81 % ). Model III was equivalent (AUC = 0.75 [0.67 to 0.84]; accuracy = 80 % ). Both models II and III outperformed model I (AUC difference = 0.11 [0.02 to 0.19], p = 0.01; AUC difference = 0.08 [0.01 to 0.15], p = 0.04, respectively). Model II and III results did not change significantly when POv was replaced by POa. Conclusions: Severe COVID-19 can be predicted using only age and quantitative AD imaging metrics at initial diagnosis, which outperform the set of CVs. Moreover, AI-read qCXR can replace qCT metrics without loss of prognostic performance, promising more resource-efficient prognostication.
Network Analysis of the Brief ICF Core Set for Schizophrenia

Background The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Core Sets (ICF-CSs) for schizophrenia are a set of categories for assessing functioning in persons with this health condition. This study aimed to: a) estimate the network structure of the Brief ICF-CS for schizophrenia, b) examine the community structure (categories strongly clustered together) underlying this network, and c) identify the most central categories within this network. Methods A total of 638 health professionals from different backgrounds and with a significant role in the treatment of individuals with schizophrenia participated in a series of Delphi studies. Based on their responses we used the Ising model to estimate the network structure of the 25-category Brief ICF-CS, and then estimated the degree of centrality for all categories. Finally, the community structure was detected using the walktrap algorithm. Results The resulting network revealed strong associations between individual categories within components of the ICF (i.e., Body functions, Activities and participation, and Environmental factors). The results also showed three distinct clusters of categories corresponding to the same three components. The categories e410 Individual attitudes of immediate family members, e450 Individual attitudes of health professionals, d910 Community life, and d175 Solving problems were among the most central categories in the Brief ICF-CS network. Conclusion These results demonstrate the utility of a network approach for estimating the structure of the ICF-CSs. Implications of these results for clinical interventions and development of new instruments are discussed.
Advances in Speaker Recognition for Multilingual Conversational Telephone Speech: The JHU-MIT System for NIST SRE20 CTS Challenge

We present a condensed description of the joint effort of JHU-CLSP/HLTCOE and MIT-LL for NIST SRE20. NIST SRE20 CTS consisted of multilingual conversational telephone speech. The set of languages included in the evaluation was not provided, encouraging the participants to develop systems robust to any language. We evaluated x-vector architectures based on ResNet, squeeze-excitation ResNets, Transformers and Ef-ficientNets. Though squeeze-excitation ResNets and Efficient-Nets provide superior performance in in-domain tasks like Vox-Celeb, regular ResNet34 was more robust in the challenge scenario. On the contrary, squeeze-excitation networks over-fitted to the training data, mostly in English. We also proposed a novel PLDA mixture and k-NN PLDA back-ends to handle the multilingual trials. The former clusters the x-vector space expecting that each cluster will correspond to a language family. The latter trains a PLDA model adapted to each enrollment speaker using the nearest speakers–i.e., those with similar language/channel. The k-NN back-end improved Act. Cpri-mary (Cp) by 68% in SRE16-19 and 22% in SRE20 Progress w.r. t. a single adapted PLDA back-end. Our best single system achieved Act. Cp=0.110 in SRE20 progress. Meanwhile