Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantification of receptor-ligand interactions on bioengineered autocrine call system : a comparision of theory and experiments

A model autocrine cell system was constructed by transfecting the genes for transforming growth factor alpha (TGFa) and its receptor (epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR) into a cell line normally lacking both, mouse B82 fibroblasts. The human TGFa gene was transfected into both EGFR-positive and EGFR-negative B82s cells using a two-plasmid tetracycline inducible vector, permitting both autocrine and paracrine cell systems. The fulllength TGFct transmembrane protein was correctly transported to the cell surface and 99% of the TGFx cleaved and secreted into the extracellular media as the mature 5.5 kDa TGFa protein. A 100-fold range in TGFx secretion expression is achieved by altering medium's tetracycline concentrations. Validation of anchorage-dependent autocrine cell computer modelling was achieved experimentally for both extracellular bulk ligand concentrations and receptor / ligand complex levels. High ligand expression rates enabled extracellular ligand accumulations, measured by TGFca ELISAs, to remain independent of cell density and addition of anti-receptor blocking antibodies. At lower secretion rates, both cell density and blocking antibody additions were important parameters in receptor-mediated ligand uptake. The autocrine model was also validated by development of a novel assay to quantify receptor ligand complexes. Molecular Devices Cytosensor measurements of cellular metabolic rates were correlated to receptor complexes via free EGF in 1125 EGF binding experiments and Cytosensor experiments. Using the Cytosensor enabled precise measurements of TGFoa induction in autocrine cells, complex levels as a function of TGFx secretion rates and inhibition of receptor complexes as a function of competing antibodies. It was determined experimentally and mathematically that blocking antibody inhibited autocrine receptor complex formation around 1 nM and was a 1000x more effective inhibitor than decoy antibodies. An indication of intracellular receptor / ligand binding was found in B82R' / secreted mature EGF as addition of blocking antibodies could not inhibit receptor complex signalling compared to autocrine B82R ÷ / transmembrane TGFa. Further investigations using these engineered cell systems should help yield an improved understanding in regulation of wound healing, tissue regeneration, and cancer progression facilitated by autocrine factors. Thesis Supervisor: Douglas A. Lauffenburger Title: J. R. Mares Professor of Chemical Engineering
Homogenization of the Observatoire de Haute Provence ECC ozonesonde data record: comparison with lidar and satellite observations

Abstract. The Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP) weekly Electrochemical Concentration Cell (ECC) ozonesonde data have been homogenized for the time period 1991–2020 according to the recommendations of the Ozonesonde Data Quality Assessment (O3S-DQA) panel. The assessment of the ECC homogenization benefit has been carried out using comparisons with ground based instruments also measuring ozone at the same station (lidar, surface measurements) and with collocated satellite observations of the O3 vertical profile by Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). The major differences between uncorrected and homogenized ECC are related to a change of ozonesonde type in 1997, removal of the pressure dependency of the ECC background current and correction of internal ozonesonde temperature. The 3–4 ppbv positive bias between ECC and lidar in the troposphere is corrected with the homogenization. The ECC 30-years trends of the seasonally adjusted ozone concentrations are also significantly improved both in the troposphere and the stratosphere when the ECC concentrations are homogenized, as shown by the ECC/lidar or ECC/surface ozone trend comparisons. A −0.29 % per year negative trend of the normalization factor (NT) calculated using independent measurements of the total ozone column (TOC) at OHP disappears after homogenization of the ECC. There is however a remaining −5 % negative bias in the TOC which is likely related to an underestimate of the ECC concentrations in the stratosphere above 50 hPa as shown by direct comparison with the OHP lidar and MLS. The reason for this bias is still unclear, but a possible explanation might be related to freezing or evaporation of the sonde solution in the stratosphere. Both the comparisons with lidar and satellite observations suggest that homogenization increases the negative bias of the ECC up to 10 % above 28 km.
Mechanisms of sub-phonemic change in prescriptive bilingualism: The case of Mexican Plautdietsch

This paper investigates the relationship between loanword adaptation and phonological borrowing by looking at the Mexican Plautdietsch speech community. Plautdietsch borrowings from Mexican Spanish sometimes undergo loanword adaptation to fit the native phonological system (e.g. Spanish [peso] > Plautdietsch [pəɪzo] 'peso'), but some community members exhibit a borrowed pattern of deaffrication that targets native lexical items (e.g. [dit͡ʃ ]) 'German' > [diʃ]). I show that the output of /t͡ʃ/ deaffrication in Mexican Plautdietsch follows the phonological pattern of northern Mexican Spanish deaffrication, rather than an inherited pattern that adapts loanwords from High German and Russian. I propose that while some mechanisms of phonetic and phonological interpretation are similar for both loanword adaptation and phonological borrowing, the novel Mexican Spanish pattern could have only entered the community due to the unique structure of phonological representation associated with advanced bilingualism. This prediction is borne out in the social distribution of deaffrication wherein men, who are expected to become advanced bilinguals, exhibit the innovation more than women. By adding a dimension of phonological representation to our models of loanword adaptation, we can expand the model's behavior to also account for outcomes involving the restructuring of the heritage language.
Comparative Efficacy and Tolerability of Antipsychotics for Juvenile Psychotic Disorders

Abstract Background Psychotic disorders produce important morbidity and disability in children and adolescents. There have been few relevant treatment trials, encouraging assessment of research aimed at testing efficacy and safety of antipsychotics for juveniles. We aimed to compare the short- and long-term efficacy and safety of antipsychotics to treat psychotic disorders among children and adolescents. Methods Four major bibliographic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and EMBASE) were searched for clinical trials of antipsychotics in children or adolescents, from database inception to May 2021. We searched for clinical trials comparing antipsychotics with control conditions for juvenile psychosis based on blinded review by 2 independent investigators (C.S.Y. and M.L.). We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses and applied the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool to appraise study quality. One reviewer (A.B.) performed data abstraction which was confirmed by 2 independent, blinded reviewers (C.S.Y. and M.L.). Primary outcomes were scores rating psychosis symptoms and dichotomized retention in treatment protocols versus dropouts because of adverse events. Effect sizes were pooled using frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis modeling to generate summary rate ratios (RRs) and Cohen d standardized mean differences. Results Systematic searching generated 1330 unique records. Of these, short-term (n = 15, for 6 [3–12] weeks) and long-term (n = 10, for 12 [6–60] months) treatment trials involved 2208 (39.2% females; median age, 15.3 years), and 1366 subjects (35.0% females; median age, 15.6 years), respectively. Short-term reduction of psychosis scores ranked clozapine (d = −1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.97 to −0.73]), molindone (−1.22; 95% CI, −1.68 to −0.75), olanzapine (−1.12; 95% CI, −1.44 to –0.81), and risperidone (−0.93; 95% CI, −1.22 to −0.63) as the most effective agents. In longer-term treatment, only lurasidone was effective. Clozapine (RR, 12.8) and haloperidol (RR, 5.15) led to more all-cause and adverse event-related dropouts. There were few trials/drug (1 each for aripiprazole, asenapine, lurasidone, molindone, paliperidone, and ziprasidone, short term; aripiprazole, clozapine, haloperidol, lurasidone, and molindone, long-term). Heterogeneity and inconsistency were high, especially in long-term trials, without evidence of publication bias. Conclusions Some antipsychotics were effective and tolerated short term, but longer-term evidence was very limited. The overall paucity of trials and of adequate controls indicates that more well-designed randomized controlled trials are required for adequate assessment of antipsychotic drug treatment for juveniles. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO CRD42021232937.
VARIATIONAL INEQUALITY APPROACH TO INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT/MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS UNDER UNCERTAINTY

本研究では, 多くの社会基盤投資・運用事業をリアル・オプションと見なし, その評価および最適意思決定問題の統一的な表現および計算法のための枠組を提案する. 具体的には, まず, 従来研究が対象としてきた典型的なリアル・オプション問題を現実的な枠組に拡張したものが, 変分不等式問題として統一的に記述できることを明らかにする. 次に, この問題が, 適切な関数変換によって, 標準形の相補性問題に帰着することを明らかにする. この分析結果に基づき, 最近の相補性問題理論を活用した, 一般性のある効率的解法を開発する.
Research on the induction motor current signature for centrifugal pump at cavitation condition

Cavitation is a major undesirable phenomenon for centrifugal pump because it can cause hydraulic performance deterioration, pump damage by pitting and material erosion, and structural vibration and noise. Cavitation can appear within the entire range of the operating conditions; therefore, it must be prevented by all means. Sensorless monitoring technology based on motor current signature analysis is non-intrusive and economic for monitoring motor-driven equipment. Thus, this technology is suitable for centrifugal pump systems. The motor current signature for centrifugal pump load at the cavitation condition is the basis of this technology. However, systematic research is lacking on sensorless monitoring technology based on motor current signature. As a result, the tentative exploration for motor current signature at cavitation load was conducted in this study. The results show that the stator current is still a sinusoidal alternating current strictly to the law of sine. Moreover, the root mean square of the current fluctuates because of different flow regimes in the cavitation progress and decreases because vapor density is smaller than water density when cavitation is fully formed. For the stator current spectrum, the noise level, noise distribution, rotation speed, and vane pass frequency components show features in the cavitation process. These indicator indexes change according to the stage of cavitation development. Thus, the motor current signature analysis is found to be a feasible and cost-effective method for the stages of cavitation condition.
Activity pattern of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Machiara National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

The Asiatic black bear is considered an indicator species of the environment, hence, any change in the environment may alter its activity pattern. We monitored the monthly activity pattern of black bears in the moist temperate forests of Machiara National Park, AJ&K, Pakistan. We used infrared camera traps and indigenous knowledge for data collection from April 2019 to April 2021. Camera traps recorded 109 (inside the forest = 107, outside the forest = 2) independent registrations (IR) within 5541 (692.63 ± 36.72, mean ± SD) camera days. We found that (i) spring and autumn were the lowest activity seasons of black bears inside the forest. (ii) Whereas, the highest activities were recorded in summer with peak activities in August followed by July (χ2 = 203.5, df= 7, P< 0.05). (iii) The activity level sharply declined after August and halted from late November to late April which was clear indication of bears’ hibernation period. We collected indigenous knowledge from 70 selected persons, including hunters, herders, temporary residents and crop raiding victims. We used the data of human observation of latest three years and found that (i) bears remained active from May to November and hibernated rest of the period. (ii) The activities were at their peak inside the forest in summer (May – August) and out of the forest in autumn (September – November) when it preferred to raid the widely cultivated maize crop (Zea mays) in the area. The capturing of black bears by camera traps outside the forest further supported the data provided by local people. Such switching over might have occurred due to the food preferences for Zea mays or easy access to abundant food availability out of the forest area. The current data can help mitigate human black bears conflict and consequently future conservation of black bears in the area.
Communities of T4-like bacteriophages associated with bacteria in Lake Baikal: diversity and biogeography

Lake Baikal phage communities are important for lake ecosystem functioning. Here we describe the diversity of T4-bacteriophage associated with the bacterial fraction of filtered water samples collected from the pelagic zone, coastal zone and shallow bays. Although the study of the diversity of phages for the g23 gene has been carried out at Lake Baikal for more than ten years, shallow bays that comprise a significant part of the lake’s area have been neglected, and this gene has not previously been studied in the bacterial fraction. Phage communities were probed using amplicon sequencing methods targeting the gene of major capsid protein (g23) and compared phylogenetically across sample locations and with sequences previously retrieved from non-bacterial fractions (<0.2 um) and biofilms (non-fractionated). In this study, we examined six water samples, in which 24 to 74 viral OTUs were obtained. The sequences from shallow bays largely differed from those in the pelagic and coastal samples and formed individual subcluster in the UPGMA tree that was obtained from the comparison of phylogenetic distances of g23 sequence sets from various ecosystems, reflecting differences in viral communities depending on the productivity of various sites of Lake Baikal. According to the RefSeq database, from 58.3 to 73% of sequences of each sample had cultivated closest relatives belonging to cyanophages. In this study, for phylogenetic analysis, we chose the closest relatives not only from the RefSeq and GenBank NR databases but also from two marine and one freshwater viromes: eutrophic Osaka Bay (Japan), oligotrophic area of the Pacific Ocean (Station ALOHA) and mesotrophic and ancient Lake Biwa (Japan), which allowed us to more fully compare the diversity of marine and freshwater phages. The identity with marine sequences at the amino acid level ranged from 35 to 80%, and with the sequences from the viral fraction and bacterial one from Lake Biwa—from 35.3 to 98% and from 33.9 to 89.1%, respectively. Therefore, the sequences from marine viromes had a greater difference than those from freshwater viromes, which may indicate a close relationship between freshwater viruses and differences from marine viruses.
Examining student involvement in the total program in small schools in New Mexico

The dynamics facing rural development and school policy in New Mexico has limited merging and redistricting efforts in small schools in isolated rural communities. This has created a situation where small schools exist in several rural communities in the state. These programs often include school-based agricultural education as a program offering. The dynamics of the schools can impact how the total program approach commonly used in agricultural education can be implemented. The purpose of the study was to explore how agriculture teachers in small schools in New Mexico developed their own institutional polices and worked with the policies established by the school to involve students in the total program. A qualitative case study with six teachers was conducted. The themes emphasized the nuanced nature of the programs as well as the importance of relationships with students, parents, community members, and school staff to implement these programs. The teachers faced challenges related to balancing student time and working with athletics for scheduling. Successful programs cater to the context of the school and community by getting to know the students they serve. Advice and best practices provided by the teachers were discussed. Recommendations were provided related to establishing and maintaining relationships.
Proteome-wide Epitope Prediction: Leveraging Bioinformatic Technologies in Rational Vaccine Design

Vaccine development began in the 1790’s when Edward Jenner used cowpox to confer protection against the smallpox virus [1]. The field of vaccinology has greatly expanded since then, wherein vaccination has been a valuable tool in the decline of many diseases [1,2]. While Jenner’s use of cowpox shares attributes to a live-attenuated vaccine, there are alternate methods of vaccination, which include subunit, conjugate, mRNA, viral vector, and toxoid vaccines [2-4]. Development of these methods was facilitated through greater understanding of the immune response, elucidation of both host and pathogen genetic diversity, and advancement of laboratory techniques [1-3]. The most recent notable advancement in vaccine production was the development of a nucleic acid vaccine to combat the SARS-CoV-2 virus [1]. While advancement in vaccine methodology can be readily seen, many subunit-based vaccines end up generating a predominantly B-cell driven response [1,5].
"BANDÁZS NÉLKÜL, SISAK NÉLKÜL": AZ ERŐFORRÁS HATÁSA A KOCKÁZATVÁLLALÁSRA * Mérei-emlékelőadás ———

A kutatasok ellentmondo eredmenyekről szamoltak be azzal kapcsolatban, hogy hogyan hat a felhalmo- zott erőforras a kockazatvallalasra: mind az alacsony, mind a magas erőforrashoz tarsitottak alacsony es magas kockazatvallalast. Terepkiserletben vizsgaltuk azt, hogy magas, kozepes es alacsony erőforras- sal (a kurzus teljesitesehez szukseges, zarthelyi dolgozatokon előzőleg osszegyűjtott pontok) rendelkező diakok hogyan valasztanak kulonboző nehezsegű feladatok kozott. A diakok ket feladatot kaptak, az egyikben pozitivan, a masikban negativan fogalmaztuk meg a kockazatvallalasi helyzetet. A terepkiser- let eredmenyeit osszevetettuk egy hipotetikus tanacsadasi helyzetben adott, valamint kulonboző helyzet- ben levő (sikeres vagy sikertelen, javulo vagy romlo) vallalatok vezetőinek kockazatvallalo valaszaival. A kulonboző kontextusokban vegzett vizsgalatok eredmenyeiből arra kovetkeztettunk, hogy a holtpont kozeli helyzetben levők vallaljak a legnagyobb kockazatot, es a bőseges erőforrassal rendelkezők is nagy kockazatot vallalnak, de főkeppen a negativan megfogalmazott (veszteseg) helyzetekben. A kozepes erőforrassal rendelkezők azok, akik a legkisebb kockazatot vallaljak. Gyumolcsozőnek bizonyult, hogy Kurt Lewin dinamikus pszichologiajanak kereteben ertelmeztuk eredmenyeinket, mert a helyzeti, moti- vacios es percepcios tenyezők, valamint a javulo es romlo tendencia egyuttes figyelembevetele hozzasegi- tett a kockazatvallalo viselkedes jobb megertesehez.
Entropy Generation Minimisation and Exergy analysis approaches for aerospace applications - A review

Based on the first and second law of thermodynamics, exergy analysis provides a method to optimise future aircraft by mapping the energy use through the entire system. By highlighting areas where useful energy is destroyed through entropy generation, exergy analysis can focus a designer on the design aspects that require improvement. This also provides a common energy-based metric allowing comparison of dissimilar technologies and cost analysis throughout a system. The paper will focus on the origins and make up of this analysis technique, and how this method may have the potential to develop new and innovative concepts that do not just marginally improve performance but may enable the realization of entirely new regimes of performance and operability. It will also discuss why second law derived methods are not being widely adopted outside the classic thermodynamic systems such as engines, and will look at areas for future development in the aerospace domain are also discussed.
Delivering a MOOC using a social networking site: The SMOOC design model

This paper articulates a design model for a SMOOC or Social networking site situated MOOC. A noncredit open online course entitled Social Media Tools and Supporting Your Professional Learning (AUSMT) is one example of a SMOOC that the researchers have designed and delivered. The course was delivered within a social networking site (SNS) group and the learning activities utilized social media tools for content delivery and student engagement. A secondary outcome of the course is a persistent “group” repository of resources and activities for students who have access to the specific SNS. The AUSMT course can be characterized as a type of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) as it has similar organization and delivery of learner activities/engagement. Developed using the Networked Learning Framework (NLF), this course is an example of an implementation that makes use of a SNS “group” as an organizational structure and virtual meeting place for learners. One challenge identified in the literature with respect to MOOCs is the lack of control that may be needed for pedagogical or organizational reasons. The SMOOC model addresses this challenge and provides other benefits which make the concept useable in more formalized learning. Additional research detailing the specific student activities and resources resulting in student learning in a SMOOC, as well as how these can be assessed for more formalized learning are topics identified for future research.
First Principles Investigation of Binary Chromium Carbides Cr7C3, Cr3C2 and Cr23C6: Electronic Structures, Mechanical Properties and Thermodynamic Properties under Pressure

Binary chromium carbides display excellent wear resistance, extreme stiffness and oxidation resistance under high temperature. The influence of applied pressure on electronic structure, elastic behavior, Debye temperature and hardness of Cr7C3, Cr3C2 and Cr23C6 have been investigated by the density functional theory (DFT) method. The results reveal that lattice parameters and formation enthalpy display an inverse relationship with applied pressure, and Cr3C2 exhibited optimal structural stability. Moreover, Cr-C orbital hybridization tends to be stronger due to the decreased partial density of states (PDOS) of the Cr atom. The difference in electronic distribution of binary carbides has also been investigated, which confirmed that overall orbital hybridization and covalent characteristics has been enhanced. The theoretical hardness was elevated according to the higher bond strength and bond density. In accordance with structural stability data, Cr3C2 has shown maximum theoretical hardness. Furthermore, the anisotropic nature of hardness has been evaluated with external pressure. Cr3C2, and the highest isotropic hardness behavior along with an increase in hardness values with increasing pressure has been observed. In addition, the variation in Debye temperatures of binary chromium carbides under applied pressure has also been predicted. The results provide a theoretical insight into electronic, mechanical and thermodynamic behavior of three binary chromium carbides and show the potential of these novel carbides in a wide range of applications.