Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Further Studies of the Phloem Loading Process in Leaves of Barley and Spinach. The Comparison of Metabolite Concentrations in the Apoplastic Compartment with those in the Cytosolic Compartment and in the Sieve Tubes1

The concentrations of sucrose, amino acids, nitrate and malate in the apoplastic compartment of illuminated leaves of barley and spinach were determined and compared with the corresponding concentrations in the cytosolic compartment of mesophyll cells and in the phloem sap, as measured previously with plants grown under identical conditions. The concentrations of sucrose and amino acids in the apoplast are found to be much lower than in the cytosol and in the phloem sap, indicating that not only the uptake into the phloem of sucrose, but also of amino acids, requires transport against a concentration gradient. The gradient of sucrose and amino acids between the cytosol and the apoplast was maintained when phloem transport had been blocked by cold girdling. Apparently, the efflux of sucrose and amino acids from the source cells to the apoplast is regulated in such a way that it meets the requirements of phloem transport. The percentages of the single amino acids as part of the total amino acids are quite similar in the cytosol, apoplast and phloem sap. The ratio of sucrose to the total amino acids in the cytosol is similar to that in the apoplast but about five times higher in the phloem sap. It appears from these results that the preferential extraction of sucrose over amino acids from the source cells to the phloem is due to the uptake from the apoplast into the phloem.
Acute toxicity to fish of solutions containing complex metal cyanides, in relation to concentrations of molecular hydrocyanic acid

Abstract Published indirect evidence indicating that the toxicity of solutions of complex metal cyanides to fish is a function of the concentration of molecular (not ionized) HCN is reviewed. The striking influence of pH on the toxicity of the nickelocyanide complex could be explained only by assuming that HCN is the toxic factor. Recent re-evaluation of the dissociation constant of the tetracyanonickelate (II) ion, which showed previously accepted values to be grossly inaccurate and the true value to be in close agreement with an estimate based on toxicological data and theory, has confirmed the above interpretation of toxicity test results. By means of a recently published method for determination of molecular HCN by gas-liquid chromatography, it was possible to demonstrate conclusively that this factor virtually alone determined the acute toxicity to bluegills of various solutions of simple and complex cyanides. Median immobilization times for bluegills in the solutions varied independently of total cy.
Conservation status of habitats (Directive 92/43 EEC) of coastal and low hill belts in a Mediterranean biodiversity hot spot (Gargano – Italy)

The Gargano is one of the richest Mediterranean areas in biodiversity. The work reports an assessment of the presence and conservation status of the habitats according to the 92/43/EEC Directive of Gargano coastal and low hill belts, their relationships with plant communities, threatened species, phytoclimatology, threats, and suggestions for management purposes. The field surveys revealed 33 habitats of Directive, and 6 of them are priority (1150* Coastal lagoons, 2250* Coastal dunes with Juniperus ssp., 2270* Wooded dunes with Pinus pinea and/or Pinus pinaster, 6220* pseudo-steppe with grasses and annuals of the Thero-Brachypodietea, 7210* Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae, 91AA* Eastern white oak woods). The updates of six Special Areas Conservation and three Special Protection Areas of Natura 2000 network are provided.
High-latitude connectivity of the scleractinian coral Acropora tenuis in the south-western Indian Ocean, identified using nuclear intron and mitochondrial sequence data

All scleractinian corals in southern Africa occupy the high-latitude margins of their biogeographical range, with some straddling multiple biogeographical regions. Connectivity among these populations is essential to maintain genetic diversity, and thus their conservation value. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the genetic diversity, connectivity and structure of Acropora sp. populations. Acropora sp. were sampled at four intertidal and subtidal sites over a distance of ~320 km, and assessed using primers that amplify the 3/550 nuclear intron found within the carbonic anhydrase gene and the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome oxidase I region of DNA. Results resolved the presence of four putative Acropora clades, genetically disparate according to 3/550 nuclear intron data. In contrast to this, cytochrome oxidase I data confirmed the presence of a single species: A. tenuis. Cytochrome oxidase I data were highly conserved at species level, supporting previous notions that this gene may not be suitable for species level delineation in acroporids. Genetic structuring and diversity of A. tenuis among the four sites revealed similar characteristics to Acropora austera of northern KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique. Little genetic differentiation was found between all possible regions, suggesting no significant genetic differentiation across the biogeographical regions tested. A higher degree of isolation and lower differentiation and moderate to high connectivity indices suggested periods of lower-latitude colonisation and periods of population attrition may be a feature in the ecology of this species.
Trichothecium roseum, a mycoparasite of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Among sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum collected from diseased bean plants in a field near Lethbridge in 1987 and 1988, 30 and 16%, respectively, were contaminated by Trichothecium roseum. Laboratory studies showed that T. roseum is a mycoparasite of S. sclerotiorum, able to infect and destroy sclerotia in dual cultures on potato dextrose agar. Among sclerotia inoculated with spores of T. roseum and incubated for 4 weeks on moist sand, 54 and 43% were infected and killed by the isolates TR-4 and TR-6, respectively. Transmission electron microscopic studies of infected sclerotia revealed that hyphae of T. roseum entered the rind tissue by penetrating the melanized cell walls or via junctions between cells. Lysis of host cell walls occurred at penetration sites. Hyphae of T. roseum ramified in cortical and medullary tissues, destroying the sclerotium. In sclerotia with light infections of T. roseum, numerous cortical and (or) medullary cells showed cytoplasmic granulation and vacuolization without dire.
Shaping news waves and constructing events: Iranian journalists’ use of online platforms as sources of journalistic capital

This article investigates the influence of online communications platforms on Iranian journalists’ struggle for countering the restrictions, and achieving their journalistic ends. Based on 26 interviews with journalists working in the established media in Iran, it shows that social networking websites and mobile messaging applications are arenas of mobilization and leverage for journalists in this semi-authoritarian context. Online platforms function as sources of social and symbolic assets for journalists enabling them to make others see and think about an issue, and act on it, thus employ journalistic symbolic power. This article applies Bourdieu’s concepts of doxa, social capital, symbolic capital and symbolic power to explain, why and under what circumstances certain journalistic online strategies become operative. The findings offer insights into how new media affect power relations between journalists and the forces that restrict their practices and offer potentials for relatively more journalistic autonomy in a controlled media environment.
Behaviour of male pine sawflies, Neodiprion sertifer, released downwind from pheromone sources

This study investigated the behaviour of male European pine sawflies, Neodiprion sertifer Geoffroy (Hym., Diprionidae), that were released and observed downwind from pheromone traps baited with 100 μg of the sex pheromone, (2S,3S,7S)‐3,7‐dimethyl‐2‐pentadecyl acetate. Releases were done at three distances; either at 5 m from one trap, or at 50 or 200 m from five traps, placed in a line perpendicular to the current wind direction. As control, males were released identically but without any pheromone source present. The behaviour of the males prior to take‐off was studied. A total of 1729 males were released, and 80% of them took flight. Males took off significantly faster in the presence of pheromone. Grooming was significantly more frequent in presence of pheromone compared with control. In all pheromone experiments significantly more males displayed grooming, wing fanning and take‐off towards the wind compared with the control. Weather data was simultaneously collected at the study site. Wing fanning was negatively correlated with wind speed. Grooming was not influenced by wind speed. Reduced levels of incoming short‐wave radiation lowered the take‐off frequency significantly. Pheromone‐induced behaviour in diprionids seems to be less distinct than in other insects, e.g., Lepidoptera.
A SYNCHRONIZATION LOSS DETECTION METHOD FOR PMSM SPEED SENSORLESS CONTROL

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is an AC motor in which the rotor must operate at synchronous speed in all load conditions. If the motor mechanical load increases, the motor can lose synchronization, stopping the motor. In sensorless control systems, i.e., those without speed sensors, the speed is estimated from the stator current using the Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) algorithm. Because such systems therefore cannot detect the loss of synchronization, it is necessary to design a synchronization loss detection system. Here, another speed estimation calculated from the stator currents and voltages is introduced. The speed is called a calculated speed. In the normal condition (synchronous condition), estimated speed and calculated speed will be approximately equal. However, when synchronization loss occurs, these two speed values diverge. On the basis of this phenomenon, a synchronization loss detection algorithm and method are developed. The algorithm’s speed-delta boundary values and detection period must be determined. The greater the setpoint speed, the higher the speed-delta boundary values but the smaller the detection period. The experiments confirm that the proposed algorithm is able to effectively detect the occurrence of synchronization loss.
In vitro studies on the inhibition of the growth of Shigella sonnei by Lactobacillus casei and Lact. acidophilus

The inhibitory effect of lactobacilli on growth of Shigella sonnei was studied. The effect was not due to pH alone, as addition of hydrochloric, lactic or acetic acids to culture media did not inhibit the normal growth of the shigellas. The degree of inhibition was measured by disc assay and showed that the inhibitory substance(s) can be extracellular and diffusible, varying the degrees of inhibition depending on the media tested. When broth was inoculated with mixed cultures of Lactobacillus and Shigella strains, the inhibition began at 6 h and the death phase at 9 h. The higher inhibition was produced by the mixture of lactobacilli (35.5 ± 2.5% at 6 h culture, 57.4 ± 1.9% at 9 h and 91.2 ± 1.2% at 14 h). The degree of inhibition was higher when the relationship pathogen: lactobacilli was 1: 103. The specific growth rate of lactobacilli and shigella was different in pure or mixed cultures. When the lactobacillus alone was grown for 12 h and the shigellas then added, the numbers of shigellas began to decrease immediately at 37°C. This work shows that the Lactobacillus strains employed in fermented milk can be used to inhibit the growth of Sh. sonnei.
Inhibitory effects of «group A saponin» and «group B Saponin» fractions from Soybean seed hypocotyls on radical-initiated lipid peroxidation in mouse liver microsomes

We examined the inhibitory effects of “group A saponin” and “group B saponin” fractions, which were extracted and separated from soybean seed hypocotyls, on water-soluble 2, 2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) (AAPH)- and lipid-soluble 2, 2′-azobis(2, 4-dimethylvaleronitrile)(AMVN)-initiated lipid peroxidation reactions that were conducted with mouse liver microsomes. The simultaneous addition of the group A saponin fraction dose-dependently inhibited AAPH- or AMVN-initiated lipid peroxidation in microsomes more strongly than that of the group B saponin fraction. The group A saponin fraction inhibited the AAPH-initiated lipid peroxidation with a lag phase, while it immediately blocked the AMVN-initiated lipid peroxidation. The group A saponin fraction inhibited microsomal AAPH-initiated lipid peroxidation even when added to the reaction mixture after the lag phase period. Microsomes pretreated with the group A saponin fraction showed inhibition of AAPH-initiated lipid peroxidation with a prolonged lag phase, and the saponin fraction-pretreated microsomes showed inhibition of the AMVN-initiated lipid peroxidation in which a lag phase was found. These results indicate that in mouse liver microsomes, the group A saponin fraction from soybean seed hypocotyls, which is present outside and/or near the microsomal membranes, inhibits AAPH-initiated lipid peroxidation by inhibiting the initiation and propagation of this reaction, while it prevents microsomal AMVN-initiated lipid peroxidation mainly by inhibiting the propagation of this reaction. In addition, the present results indicate that the group A saponin fraction can inhibit AAPH- or AMVN-initiated lipid peroxidation in mouse liver microsomes by its presence within the membranes and/or by binding to them.
Forage preservation technology for sustainable livestock industry in rainfed areas of Pakistan: A review

Livestock also acts as a bank to meet their daily needs, but the scarcity of quality forage in rainfed agriculture is a limiting factor for livestock. Due to severe shortage of forage, animals remain under-nourished, and thus subject to poor health and productivity. Forages are natural and the cheaper feeding choice for livestock, but their continuous supply in rainfed areas, especially during severe winters (December-January) and summers (May-June), often remains a bottleneck for the development of the livestock industry and hence adequate availability of livestock products in these months. Consequently, prices of livestock products often become high during these months. Silage and hay making using balers is a viable option when plenty of fodder is available in peak season of crop especially in July-August and in February-March.
Applying a Delphi-Type Approach to Estimate the Adaptation Cost on Agriculture to Climate Change in Cyprus

Agriculture is highly dependent on climate change, and Cyprus especially is experiencing its impacts on agricultural production to a greater extent, mainly due to its geographical location. The adaptation of farming to the effects of global climate change may lead to the maximization of agricultural production, which is an important and desirable improvement. The main aim of this paper is to rank and quantify the impacts of climate change on the agricultural sector of Cyprus, through a multi-round Delphi survey seeking a consensus agreement in a group of experts. A multidisciplinary group of 20 experts stated their willingness-to-pay for various impacts of climate change. By applying this method, the individual impacts of climate change on crop production and water resources were brought into the modeling effort on equal footing with cost values. The final cost impact estimate represents the total estimated cost of climate change in the agricultural sector. According to the results, this cost reaches EUR 25.08 million annually for the agricultural sector, and EUR 366.48 million for the whole country. Therefore, it is expected that in the seven-year programming period 2014–2020 the total cost of climate change on agriculture ranges from EUR 176 to EUR 2565 million. The most significant impacts are due to the increasing level of CO2 in the atmosphere and the burden of biodiversity and ecosystems.
Genetic Relationships and Reproductive Traits of Romanian Populations of Silver Fir (Abies alba): Implications for the Sustainable Management of Local Populations

Assessment of the diversity of reproductive traits and genetic variation is of great relevance to the conservation of genetic resources and management of silver fir (Abies alba) populations. We have evaluated reproductive characteristics associated with female cones and seed morphology, as well as seed germination after subjecting seeds to five storage methods, in nine Romanian populations of A. alba. The genetic diversity of the populations was assessed with 12 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. We detected significant differences between populations for all reproductive traits and considerable differences in seed germination and storage methods; seed storage in wet sand was the method resulting in the highest germination in all populations. Genomic SSRs (gSSRs) were more informative on average than expressed sequence tag SSRs (EST-SSRs) in the populations studied. The nine populations were genetically diverse, with an average number of alleles (N) per SSR locus between 3.50 and 4.83. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) in the nine populations was always lower than the expected heterozygosity (He), which resulted in values of the inbreeding coefficient (Fis) between 0.261 and 0.709. Genetic distances between populations ranged between 0.077 and 0.410. The cluster analysis based on genetic distances did not group accessions according to their geographical proximity, and despite a positive trend, the correlation between geographic and genetic distances was non-significant. The results of an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that only 9.1% of the total molecular variance is attributable to differences between populations. This low degree of genetic differentiation between populations is confirmed by the intermingling of individuals of different populations in a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). We found evidence of a positive relationship between He and germination, as well as a negative one between Fis and germination, suggesting that populations with low diversity and high consanguinity may have a reduced fitness and long-term viability. The results are relevant for the conservation and management of local genetic resources and populations, as well as for reforestation programmes of silver fir.
Polymorphisms of Egg White Proteins in Native Chickens in Indonesia

Egg white samples from native chicken were collected in 12 local populations in Indonesia. Polymorphisms of egg white protein were analyzed by using starch and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 1) Polymorphism was found at 5 loci (Ov, G3, G2, TfEW and G1). 2) The variant of lysozyme was detected in only Ungaran population (qG1F=0.853, qG1S=0.147). 3) Average heterozygosities of each local population, subdivision index and genetic distance among local population were estimated as 0.028 to 0.141, 0.076 and 0.001 to 0.037 respectively. Genetic distances and degree of subdivision among local populations in Indonesia except Ungaran population were assumed as small.
Application of DNA fingerprinting probes to old world monkeys

Analysis of tandem‐repetitive minisatellite DNA in humans provides great discriminatory power in paternity identification and individualization of tissue samples. The molecular probes used to study these hyper‐variable loci are here applied to DNA isolated from related animals in four species of Old World monkeys. Probes 33.6 and 33.15 are shown to cross‐hybridize with variable minisatellites in Macaca fuscata, Macaca silenus, Erythrocebus patas, and Colobus guereza. The DNA fingerprint patterns are consistent with germ‐line stability and mendelian inheritance. Application of DNA fingerprinting to Old World monkeys thus provides a new tool for identifying parentage and can thereby aid in colony management. The technique can also help to elucidate the role of behavioral factors in evolution. The breadth of applicability in other primates remains to be mapped.
Simultaneous measurements of the relative-humidity-dependent aerosol light extinction, scattering, absorption, and single-scattering albedo with a humidified cavity-enhanced albedometer

Abstract. Hygroscopic aerosols take up water and grow with increasing relative humidity (RH), giving rise to large changes in light extinction ( bext ), scattering ( bscat ), absorption ( babs ), and single scattering albedo (SSA, ω ). The optical hygroscopic growth factors for each parameter ( f (RH) ext , scat , abs , ω ) are thus important for assessing aerosol effects on regional air quality, atmospheric visibility, and radiative forcing. The RH dependence of aerosol scattering and extinction has been studied in many laboratory and field studies. However, owing partly to the absence of suitable instrumentation, there are few reports of the RH dependence of aerosol absorption and ω . In this work, we report the development of a humidified cavity-enhanced albedometer (H-CEA) for simultaneous measurements of f (RH) ext , scat , abs , ω at λ=532 nm from 10 % to 88 % RH. The instrument's performance was evaluated with laboratory-generated ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride, and nigrosin aerosols. Measured hygroscopic growth factors for different parameters were in good agreement with model calculations and literature-reported values, demonstrating the accuracy of the H-CEA for measuring RH-dependent optical properties.
Biochemical-Genetic and Acrorhagial Characteristics of Pedal Disc Colour Phenotypes of Actinia Equina

Previous work has shown that three ecologically disinct morphs can be identified amongst beadlet anemones, Actinia equina L. , ranging in column coloration from red to brown (Quicke, Donoghue & Brace, 1983; Quicke & Brace, 1984; Quicke et al. 1985). Each is adapted to a different inter-tidal range, and is characterized by a multi-locus gene complex, which includes loci encoding a number of metabolically important enzymes, pedal disc coloration and probably strength of pedal attachment. They have been named the upper (U), mid (M) and lower (L) shore morphs, and are relatively most abundant on the upper mid, lower mid and low shores respectively. Members of the U morph are typically homozygous slow and fast at a hexokinase locus and a malate dehydrogenase locus respectively, whereas those of the L morph are typically homozygous for the other allele at each of these loci; M morph individuals are heterozygous at both.
The role of Dark Triad on the link between Emotional Labor and Core Burnout

This study investigates whether the Dark Triad personality traits could be potential moderators of the relationship between the emotional labor and core burnout. The nonexperimental, cross-sectional study was based on a sample of 158 participants from different fields of activity. The results show that only narcissism (at medium and high scores) acts weakly as a moderator for the positive relation between emotional labor and burnout and, contrary to our hypothesis, it buffers the negative effects of emotional labor. These results can be explained in terms of Narcissism' conceptualization and are consistent with the newest proposed distinction form the literature between adaptive and maladaptive nature of this trait. Meanwhile the effects of the other moderators are insignificant. The results highlight both the importance of the emotional factor at work and the role of Dark Triad personality factors for core burnout.