Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Online Appendix: Why Are University Endowments Large and Risky?

This is the online appendix to our paper “Why are university endowments large and risky? ” It contains a number of additional details and results that are referenced in the body of the paper. In particular, the details of the time-varying expected returns extension to the non-rivalrous model as well as a complete set and analysis of impulse response functions for the non-rivalrous model (unconstrained and constrained). It also contains additional comparative statics of the constrained nonrivalrous model and results of the non-rivalrous model with a higher coefficient of relative risk aversion. Lastly, it contains results of the rivalrous model with a lower outside option and details on the multiple steady states in the non-rivalrous model with low average cash flow productivity from donations. ∗Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington, PACCAR Hall, Box 353226, Seattle, WA 98195-3226, USA. Phone: 206-616-7184. Email: gilbertt@u.washington. edu. Web: http://faculty.washington. edu/gilbertt/ †Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington, PACCAR Hall, Box 353226, Seattle, WA 98195-3226, USA. Phone: 206-616-0332. Email: hrdlicka@u.washington. edu. Web: http://faculty.washington. edu/hrdlicka/
Quantitative Comparison of Five SERS Substrates: Sensitivity and Limit of Detection

Five surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates were quantitatively compared for ease of preparation, sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD), reproducibility, and stability. Specifically, vapor-deposited Ag films, electrochemically roughened Ag electrodes, nitric acid-etched Ag foil, Tollens-produced Ag films, and photore-duced Ag films on TiO2 were examined. Of these substrates, post-deposition-annealed Ag films exhibited the greatest sensitivity and lowest LOD, with 152 ± 1 counts per femtomole and an LOD of 0.36 ± 0.02 femtomoles of trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene (BPE). The substrate demonstrating the poorest sensitivity and highest LOD was Ag deposited from the Tollens reaction, with 0.38 ± 0.01 counts per femtomole and an LOD of 270 ± 20 femtomoles of BPE. The easiest substrate to prepare, nitric acid-etched Ag foils, exhibited a sensitivity of 0.485 ± 0.008 counts per femtomole and an LOD of 200 ± 10 femtomoles of BPE.
A Compact Egg-shaped UWB antenna for Breast Dielectric Profile Imaging

In this paper, an egg shaped compact antenna in the ultra-wideband is proposed for breast dielectric profile imaging in a tomographic setup. A breast phantom dielectrically modelled with inclusions mimicking early stage malignancy is experimented to validate the performance of the antenna. The scattered data received by the proposed antenna is processed using an inverse reconstruction algorithm based on the Distorted Born Iteration Method (DBIM) to obtain the image of the dielectric permittivity profile of the phantom. The localization of the inclusion in the image is verified by evaluating the centroid of the respective inclusions. The dimensions of the antenna are comparably smaller with those in the literature. The performance of the proposed antenna is compared with other UWB antennas developed for tomographic imaging. The imaging system with the proposed antenna is capable of detecting multiple inclusions with diameter as small as 6mm in the frequency range of 3.74 9.5GHz. The error in localization for the proposed antenna is less than 2% irrespective of the size of inclusions.
A variational approach to the theory of ionic solutions

In this paper we discuss a known variational principle for the Percus–Yevick integral equation and then generalize the procedure to obtain a variational principle for any integral equation associated with the Ornstein–Zernike equation. In particular we rederive a variational principle for the mean spherical model and then derive a variational principle for the hypernetted chain equation and compare these to the exact numerical results of Rasaiah and Friedman and to the Monte Carlo data of Rasaiah, Card, and Valleau for the restricted primitive model of electrolyte solutions.
Gold Nanoparticles with Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Formed via Surface Initiated Atom Transfer Free Radical Polymerization Exhibit Unusually Slow Aggregation Kinetics

Thermoresponsive polymer brushes on 20 nm colloidal gold were formed through atom transfer free radical polymerization (ATRP) of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) in aqueous media. In this approach, the “grafting-from” technique was used with atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to grow polymer chains from the surface of gold nanoparticles (∼20 nm). “Grafting from” using the ATRP technique enables dense, uniform, and homogeneous coverage of polymer chains on the surface of gold nanoparticles. Other advantages of ATRP are the growth of polymer chains without appreciable chain termination or chain transfer and that the presence of an active initiator site at the end of the growing polymer chain facilitates synthesis of surface grafted block copolymers. In the present work, pNIPAAm was grown from the surface of nanoparticles with the help of 2-bromopropionyl bromide as the initiator. The polymerization reaction was carried out at room temperature under inert atmosphere and aqueous conditions. The system .
Elucidation of Mechanisms Involved in Acid Pretreatment and Thermal Extraction during Ashless Coal Production

Some low-rank coals, i.e., Wyodak coal (C%, 75.0%), acid-treated in aqueous methoxyethoxy acetic acid (MEAA) and acetic acid (AA), and extracted in polar N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), showed a considerable increase in thermal extraction yield at 360 °C, as the acid concentration increased from 0.01 to 0.1 M. No significant changes were seen with a further increase in acid concentration to 1.0 M. A corresponding decrease occurred in the intensity of FT-IR spectral bands near 1555 and 1400 cm-1, assigned to metal carboxylate groups, as acid concentrations increased from 0.01 to 0.1 M, while bands assigned to carboxyl groups at about 1720 cm-1 increased over the same range. Furthermore, most Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions could be removed from the coals with acids between 0.01 and 0.1 M. Thermogravimetric analyses showed that the acid-treated coal yielded a weight loss similar to that of raw coal. Thermal decomposition of acid-treated coals cannot play a significant role in the increase in extraction yield that is obt.
Verifying Distributed Algorithms with Executable Creol Models

—We show a way to evaluate functional properties of distributed algorithms by the example of the AODV algorithm in sensor networks, Creol models and component testing. We present a new method to structure the evaluation work into the categories of techniques, perspectives, arrangements, and properties using executable models. We demonstrate how to use this structure for network simulations and component testing in order to evaluate a large list of properties. We also show which properties are most suited to be evaluated by which technique, perspective, and arrangement.
Cancer Therapy: Preclinical In Vitro and In Vivo Selective Antitumor Activity of a Novel Orally Bioavailable Proteasome Inhibitor MLN9708 against Multiple Myeloma Cells

Purpose: The success of bortezomib therapy for treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) led to the development of structurally and pharmacologically distinct novel proteasome inhibitors. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of one such novel orally bioactive proteasome inhibitor MLN9708/ MLN2238 in MM using well-established in vitro and in vivo models. Experimental Design:MMcell lines, primary patient cells, and the humanMM xenograft animal model were used to study the antitumor activity of MN2238. Results: Treatment of MM cells withMLN2238 predominantly inhibits chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome and induces accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins. MLN2238 inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in MM cells resistant to conventional and bortezomib therapies without affecting the viability of normal cells. In animal tumor model studies, MLN2238 is well tolerated and inhibits tumor growth with significantly reduced tumor recurrence. A head-to-head analysis of MLN2238 versus bortezomib showed a significantly longer survival time inmice treated withMLN2238 thanmice receiving bortezomib. Immununostaining ofMMtumors fromMLN2238-treatedmice showedgrowth inhibition, apoptosis, andadecrease in associated angiogenesis.Mechanistic studies showed thatMLN2238-triggeredapoptosis is associatedwith activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9; increase in p53, p21,NOXA, PUMA, and E2F; induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response proteins Bip, phospho-eIF2-a, and CHOP; and inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B. Finally, combining MLN2238 with lenalidomide, histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, or dexamethasone triggers synergistic anti-MM activity. Conclusion: Our preclinical study supports clinical evaluation of MLN9708, alone or in combination, as a potential MM therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 17(16); 5311–21. 2011 AACR.
Actin assembly by the Formin Homology Domain-containing Protein (Fhod) family of formins

Author(s): Patel, Aanand Anup | Advisor(s): Quinlan, Margot E | Abstract: Actin and myosin form contractile structures that drive muscle contraction, cell motility, cytokinesis, and many other cellular functions. These functions depend crucially on the correct assembly, organization, and maintenance of actin filaments. Formins are a major class of actin nucleators that assemble many actin-based structures through their formin homology (FH) 1 and 2 domains, which together both nucleate and processively elongate actin filaments. The formin homology domain-containing protein (Fhod) family of formins is responsible for the assembly of several contractile actin structures, including sarcomeres in muscle cells and stress fibers in many non-muscle cells. Although Fhod family members are required for actin assembly in vivo, mammalian Fhods were reported to instead inhibit actin assembly in vitro. Here, we establish that Drosophila Fhod, human Fhod1, and human Fhod3 all nucleate and elongate actin filaments in vitro. We show that the nucleation activity of Fhod1 depends on the actin isoform, with a significantly weaker ability to nucleate skeletal muscle actin compared to other isoforms. Drosophila and human Fhod proteins are weak elongators, with slow elongation rates and short run lengths compared to other formins. Elongation by Drosophila Fhod is impaired by a coiled coil in the N-terminus, which constrains the ability of the FH1 domain to capture profilin-actin, and a disordered C-terminal tail, which promotes dissociation of Fhod from growing actin filaments. Finally, we establish human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes as a model system to investigate how Fhod proteins assemble and organize actin in the sarcomere. Taken together, this work establishes a framework to understand the mechanisms by which the Fhod family of formins assembles contractile actin structures.
Mannich reactions. Synthesis of 4,5‐dihydropyrrolo[l,2‐a]quinoxalines, 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐lH‐pyrrolo[l,2‐a] [l,4]diazepines and 5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐pyrrolo[ 1,2‐a] [ 1,4]benzodiazepines

l-(2-Aminophenyl)pyrrole (I) and l-[2-(aminomethyl)]phenylpyrrole hydrochloride (III) undergo cyclization reactions with aldehydes and ketones to form 4,5-dihydropyrrolo[l,2-a]- quinoxalines and 5,6-dihydropyrrolo[l,2-a][l,4]benzodiazepines, respectively. It was also found that the use of the free base of compounds corresponding to III do not cyclize directly but lead instead to the intermediate Schiff bases which are subsequently cyclized to the desired benzodiazepines by treatment with hydrochloric acid.
Computer-Aided Molecular Design of Ionic Liquids: An Overview

Computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) is a technique that helps select potential target molecules that will have desired properties before synthesis and testing in the laboratory, and provides an excellent complement to the chemical intuition possessed by experimentalists. Property predictions are obtained from a quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) that links changes at the molecular structure level to differences in the macroscopic properties. Ionic liquids (ILs) offer an excellent opportunity for the application of CAMD because of the numerous possible combinations of cations and anions available to fine-tune physical properties. In addition, there are many innovative applications of ILs where CAMD could make an impact. In this overview, we present the general methodology for CAMD with QSPR, and describe recent progress in this area related to ILs.
Perturbation Treatment of the Characteristic Vibrations of Polypeptide Chains in Various Configurations

A perturbation treatment has been made of localized group vibrations of helical polymer chains. The amide I and II frequencies were derived in terms of adjacent group interactions as well as interchain and intrachain hydrogen bonding interactions. Frequency shifts caused by these interactions depend upon the configuration of polypeptide chains and also upon the chain packing in the crystalline region. Each characteristic vibration of the amide group gives rise to parallel and perpendicular bands. The parallel bands of the α helix of poly‐γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate were observed at 1650 cm—1 (amide I) and 1516 cm—1 (amide II) whereas the perpendicular bands were observed at 1652 cm—1 (amide I) and 1546 cm—1 (amide II). Both the parallel‐chain and antiparallel‐chain pleated sheets exhibit the perpendicular amide I band at ca 1630 cm—1. A characteristic band of β configurations at ca 1690 cm—1 was assigned to the parallel amide I band of the antiparallel‐chain pleated sheet.
A Theoretical Study of Polynitropyridines and their N-oxides

ABSTRACT The geometries of polynitropyridines and their N-oxides have been optimized using the B3LYP density functional method and the 6-311++G** basis set. The accurate gas phase enthalpy of formation (at p = 1.013 × 105 Pa and T = 298.15 K) for pyridine and its N-oxide has been calculated employing the G3(MP2) method and the atomization scheme, and for polynitropyridines and their N-oxides at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level by designing the isodesmic reactions in which the pyridine ring maintains integral. Based on B3LYP/6-311++G** optimized geometries and calculated natural charges, this paper has calculated the crystal structures by the Karfunkel-Gdanitz method, and based on estimated solid enthalpies of formation and crystal densities has predicted the Chapman-Jouguet detonation velocities (DCJ) by the Stine method. Calculated results show that for polynitropyridines and their N-oxides the introduction of ─NH2 groups increases the strength of C─NO2 bonds but reduces the gas phase enthalpy of formation. The least C─NO2 bond order indicates that compounds 3,5-diamino-2,4,6-trinitropyridine and its N-oxide, whose DCJ values are predicted to be approximately 8.2 and 8.6 km/s, respectively, are most possibly low-sensitive or insensitive energetic materials. The largest DCJ value obtained in polynitropyridines and their N-oxides is about 9.5 km/s.
Voice Disorder Detection Based On Acoustic Analysis And Optimized Back Propagation Neural Network

: The diagnosis of voice disorders through aggressive medical techniques seems painful for patients. Hence, automatic speech recognition and disorder identification methods have drawn much interest in the recent years and have proved to be successful. In this Paper, voice recordings are taken from the Saarbruecken Voice Database. The signals are preprocessed to remove silence and de-noised using Hybrid Wiener Filter Discrete Wavelet Transforms (HWFDWT). Features are extracted using Cat Swarm Optimization Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (CSOMFCC). Finally, the features are classified using Classification using Modified Optimized Back Propagation Network Disorder voice Classification (MOBPNDC). The classification scheme outperforms the existing Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) methods in terms of Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F-Measure and Time period.
Methane decomposition catalysts for COx-free hydrogen production

Abstract Catalytic decomposition of methane into COx-free hydrogen and carbon nanofibers has recently attracted much attention. The development of high-performance catalysts is essential for production of COx-free hydrogen from methane. In this review we summarize the catalytic systems used for methane decomposition and compare catalysts with different active components and supports. According to the literature and our recent research results, Ni is the most active metal for methane decomposition and its catalytic performance can be enhanced by doping with metals such as Pd and Cu, especially for high reaction temperatures. The nature and origin of the surface are the main factors that influence the performance of carbon catalysts.
Kinetic analysis of 4-isopropylphenol hydrogenation over activated carbon-supported rhodium catalysts in supercritical carbon dioxide solvent

Hydrogenation behavior of 4-isopropylphenol to 4-isopropylcyclohexanol over activated carbon-supported rhodium catalysts in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) at 313 K was studied in a batch reactor and the results were compared with those in 2-propanol. Higher yields of cis-4-isopropylcyclohexanol were obtained in scCO2 than in 2-propanol, and the formation of a byproduct, isopropylcyclohexane, was suppressed in scCO2. The catalyst modification with hydrochloric or phosphoric acid enhanced the yield of cis-4-isopropylcyclohexanol in both scCO2 and 2-propanol solvents. Kinetic analyses of the reaction profiles revealed higher reaction rates in scCO2 than those in 2-propanol for the 4-isopropylcyclohexanol formation both by the direct hydrogenation of 4-isopropylphenol and by the consecutive hydrogenation of 4-isopropylcyclohexanone, and also revealed that the addition of hydrochloric acid increased the consecutive hydrogenation rate of 4-isopropylcyclohexanone to cis-4-isopropylcyclohexanol, which reduced the total reaction time needed for the complete hydrogenation of 4-isopropylphenol to 4-isopropylcyclohexanol.
Method for the Sequential Extraction of Organic Matter from Soils and Soil Fractions

The extraction of organic matter (OM) from soils is one of the unresolved problems in soil chemistry and biochemistry. To contribute to the solution of this problem, we developed a procedure for the extraction of OM in which the following sequence of extractants is used: (i) n-hexane; (ii) chloroform; (iii) 0.1 M Na₄P₂O₇ solution under N₂; (iv) 0.5 M NaOH solution under N₂; and (v) distilled H₂O. The n-hexane extracts alkanes and fatty acids; chloroform removes fatty acids, long-chain alcohols, and wax esters; 0.1 M Na₄P₂O₇ solution extracts OM “complexed” to metals and clays; whereas 0.5 M NaOH and H₂O remove “free” OM, that includes less decomposed materials. The method was tested on three soils and 25 particle-size fractions separated from these soils, which varied in mineralogical composition and OM content. Our data show that 0.1 M Na₄P₂O₇ solution extracts relatively more OM from finer soil particles than from coarser ones while the reverse is true for 0.5 M NaOH solution. In general, OM is more readily extracted from soils low in clays than from those rich in clays. Between 35.4 and 80.9% of the soil-C and between 21.0 and 75.6% of the soil-N are solubilized. Determinations can be made at each step of the procedure of how much of the initial OM and which major components are extracted. Humic acids isolated from the 0.1 M Na₄P₂O₇, 0.5 M NaOH and H₂O extracts have analytical characteristics which are very similar to those of typical soil humic acids. Contr. no. 88-68.
Characterization and DFT Research of Nd/TiO2: Photocatalyst for Synthesis of Methanol from CO2 and H2O

Abstract Nd3+–doped TiO2 synthesized via the sol-gel method, was used as catalyst for photoreduction of carbon dioxide into methanol in an aqueous solution under UV irradiation. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, IR, UV-vis etc. The maximum photocatalytic activity corresponds to the 0.2 wt. % Nd3+–doped TiO2 nanopowders. In that case, the methanol yield is 184. 8μmol/g by 8h UV irradiation, indicating that the Nd/TiO2 can obviously enhance the efficiency of photocatalytic reduction comparing to pure TiO2. Furthermore, the adsorption properties of Nd atom on the regular (110) surface of rutile and (101) surface of anatase were studied by density functional calculations under the B3LYP level. H2O molecule catches the photo-induced hole in the reaction system forming H2O+ which dissociates further into H+ and OH radical on the catalyst surface. The transition state was found by DFT calculation, and the amount of the OH radicals has effects on the selectivity of CH3OH.
Alkali Metal Cation Exchange on Chambers Montmorillonite 1

Standard free energies of exchange, , were determined for the exchange of Na with Li, K, Rb, and Cs on a 0.1-0.5 micron fraction of Chambers montmorillonite having an exchange capacity of 123 ± 2 meq/100 g. The values ranged from +80 cal mole for exchange to —1886 cal mole 1 for exchange and were approximately twice as large as those found previously for similar exchange reactions on Wyoming bentonite having an exchange capacity of 92 ± 2 meq/100 g. The values reflect cation selectivity differences of a factor of two to three between the two clays. In contrast, the standard heats of exchange, determined calorimetrically, were approximately the same for both clays and ranged from +125 cal mole for exchange to —2575 cal mole 1 for exchange. These results indicate that the differences in tree energies of exchange between the two clays are due to entropy effects. Additional Index Words: cation selectivity, Wyoming bentonite, Chambers montmorillonite, kaolinite. View complete article To view this complete article, insert Disc 3 then click button8
ipso Nitration. XXIV. Nitration of 2-methylphenols. Formation and rearrangement of 6-methyl-6-nitrocyclohexa-2,4-dienones

Nitration of o-cresol and some mono-, di-, and trimethyl derivatives in acetic anhydride at −60 °C gives 6-methyl-6-nitrocyclohexa-2,4-dienones. The dienones are more labile than the isomeric 4-met.
Miscibility and pressure‐sensitive adhesive performances of acrylic copolymer and hydrogenated rosin systems

Relationship between the miscibility of pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) acrylic copolymer/hydrogenated rosin systems and their performance (180° peel strength, probe tack, and holding power), which was measured over a wide range of time and temperature, were investigated. The miscible range of the blend system tended to become smaller as the molecular weight of the tackifier increased. In the case of miscible blend systems, the viscoelastic properties (such as the storage modulus and the loss modulus) shifted toward higher temperature or toward lower frequency and, at the same time, the pressure-sensitive adhesive performance shifted toward the lower rate side as the Tg of the blend increased. In the case of acrylic copolymer/hydrogenated rosin acid systems, a somewhat unusual trend was observed in the relationship among the phase diagram, Tg, and the pressure-sensitive adhesive performance. Tg of the blend was higher than that expected from Tgs of the pure components. This trend can be due to the presence of free carboxyl group in the tackifier resin. However, the phase diagram depended on the molecular weight of the tackifier. The pressure-sensitive adhesive performance depended on the viscoelastic properties of the bulk phase. A few systems where a single Tg could be measured, despite the fact that two phases were observed microscopically, were found. The curve of the probe tack of this system shifted toward a lower rate side as the Tg increases. However, both the curve of the peel strength and the holding power of such system did not shift along the rate axis. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 651–663, 1999