Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stress Field Evaluation in Orthotropic Microstructured Composites with Holes as Cosserat Continuum

It is known that the presence of microstructures in solids such as joints and interfaces has an essential influence on the studies of the development of advanced materials, rock mechanics, civil engineering, and so on. However, microstructures are often neglected in the classical local (Cauchy) continuum model, resulting in inaccurate descriptions of the behavior of microstructured materials. In this work, in order to show the impact of microstructures, an implicit ‘non-local’ model, i.e., micropolar continuum (Cosserat), is used to numerically investigate the effects of direction and scale of microstructures on the tension problem of a composite plate with a circular hole. The results show that distributions of field variables (such as displacements and stresses) have an obvious directionality with respect to the microstructures’ direction. As the scale of microstructures increases, such a direction effect becomes more evident. Unlike the isotropic material where stress concentration occurs at the vertex of the hole and the stress concentration factor is close to 3, for the microstructured composite, the stress concentration can be observed at any location depending on the microstructures’ directions, and the concentration factor can exceed 3 to a maximum close to 9 as the increasing scale of microstructures. In addition, differences in the mechanical behavior between Cosserat and Cauchy models can be also observed; such differences are more evident for the material showing a pronounced orthotropic nature.
Giant gravitons, Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield bounds, and noncommutativity

It has been recently suggested that gravitons moving in AdS{sub m}xS{sup n} spacetimes along the S{sup n} blow up into spherical (n-2)-branes whose radius increases with increasing angular momentum. This leads to an upper bound on the angular momentum, thus ''explaining'' the stringy exclusion principle. We show that this bound is present only for states which saturate a BPS-like condition involving the energy E and angular momentum J,E{>=}J/R, where R is the radius of S{sup n}. Restriction of motion to such states lead to a noncommutativity of the coordinates on S{sup n}. As an example of motions which do not obey the exclusion principle bound, we show that there are finite action instanton configurations interpolating between two possible BPS states. We suggest that this is consistent with the proposal that there is an effective description in terms of supergravity defined on noncommutative spaces and noncommutativity arises here because of imposing supersymmetry.
Error analysis of fixed grid formulation for boundary based structural optimisation

The fixed grid finite element approximation has become popular with boundary based topology optimization methods, due to its simplicity and speed in updating stiffness matrices. However, maximum errors occur on the boundary due to the homogenization of bi-material elements. This is of particular significance to boundary based optimization as sensitivity analysis along the boundary often drives the optimization. To date only a limited study of fixed grid errors exists, focusing on numerical examples. Errors in the fixed grid stiffness matrix approximation were identified as a possible source of errors observed in previous studies. This paper analytically investigates the errors in the fixed grid stiffness matrix approximation compared to classic finite element results. The analysis shows that generally errors increase as area ratio decreases and they are shape dependent. A simple example is used to investigate the global effect of the fixed grid approximation.
Studies on the Structures and Physical Properties of Crystal Polymorphs for Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Based on the Density Functional Theory

The structures and electronic states in all polymorphs of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) were calculated in various levels using the CRYSTAL software. The calculated lattice constants with PBE0/cc-pVTZ agreed well with experimental values. The molecular structure of PVDF was clarified. Derived electronic and phonon dispersions correspond closely with the experimental valence X-ray photoelectron and infrared (IR)/Raman spectra, respectively. The amount of spontaneous polarization in polar crystal forms was determined and the effect of long-range Coulomb interactions were discussed. The calculation method used in this report was confirmed to be precise and shows promise for examining ferroelectric polymers.
Genome‐wide analyses reveal novel opioid use disorder loci and genetic overlap with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression

Opioid use disorder (OUD) and mental disorders are often comorbid, with increased morbidity and mortality. The causes underlying this relationship are poorly understood. Although these conditions are highly heritable, their shared genetic vulnerabilities remain unaccounted for. We applied the conditional/conjunctional false discovery rate (cond/conjFDR) approach to analyse summary statistics from independent genome wide association studies of OUD, schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and major depression (MD) of European ancestry. Next, we characterized the identified shared loci using biological annotation resources. OUD data were obtained from the Million Veteran Program, Yale‐Penn and Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment (SAGE) (15 756 cases, 99 039 controls). SCZ (53 386 cases, 77 258 controls), BD (41 917 cases, 371 549 controls) and MD (170 756 cases, 329 443 controls) data were provided by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. We discovered genetic enrichment for OUD conditional on associations with SCZ, BD, MD and vice versa, indicating polygenic overlap with identification of 14 novel OUD loci at condFDR < 0.05 and 7 unique loci shared between OUD and SCZ (n = 2), BD (n = 2) and MD (n = 7) at conjFDR < 0.05 with concordant effect directions, in line with estimated positive genetic correlations. Two loci were novel for OUD, one for BD and one for MD. Three OUD risk loci were shared with more than one psychiatric disorder, at DRD2 on chromosome 11 (BD and MD), at FURIN on chromosome 15 (SCZ, BD and MD) and at the major histocompatibility complex region (SCZ and MD). Our findings provide new insights into the shared genetic architecture between OUD and SCZ, BD and MD, indicating a complex genetic relationship, suggesting overlapping neurobiological pathways.
Genetic and environmental etiology of the broad avoidant restrictive food intake disorder phenotype in 6- to-12-year-old Swedish twins

IMPORTANCE: Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is characterized by an extremely limited range and/or amount of food eaten, resulting in the persistent failure to meet nutritional and/or energy needs. Its etiology is poorly understood and knowledge of genetic and environmental contributions to ARFID is needed to guide future research. OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent to which genetic and environmental factors contribute to the liability to the broad ARFID phenotype. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A nationwide Swedish twin cohort including 16,951 twin pairs born 1992-2010 whose parents participated in the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) at twin age 9 or 12 years (49.4% female). CATSS was linked to the National Patient Register (NPR) and the Prescribed Drug Register (PDR). MAIN OUTCOME/MEASURES: From CATSS, NPR, and PDR, we extracted all parent-reports, diagnoses, procedures, and prescribed drugs between age 6 and 12 that were relevant to the DSM-5 ARFID criteria and developed a composite measure for the ARFID phenotype (i.e., avoidant/restrictive eating with clinically significant impact such as low weight or nutritional deficiency, and with fear of weight gain as an exclusion). In sensitivity analyses, we controlled for autism and medical conditions that could account for the eating disturbance. We fitted univariate liability threshold models to estimate the relative contribution of genetic and environmental variation to the liability to the ARFID phenotype. RESULTS: We identified 667 children (2.0%, 38.2% female) with the ARFID phenotype between age 6 and 12. Variation in the liability to ARFID was largely explained by additive genetic factors (0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71-0.86), with significant contributions from non-shared environmental factors (0.21, 95% CI 0.14-0.29). Heritability was very similar when excluding children with autism (0.77, 95% CI 0.67-0.84) or medical illnesses that could account for the eating disturbance (0.80, 95% CI 0.71-0.86). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Prevalence and sex distribution of the broad ARFID phenotype were similar to previous studies, supporting the use of existing epidemiological data to identify ARFID. This first study of the genetic and environmental etiology of ARFID suggests that ARFID is highly heritable, encouraging future twin and molecular genetic studies.
Stability of nonlinear model predictive control in the presence of errors due to numerical online optimization

We present and investigate a Newton type method for online optimization in nonlinear model predictive control, the so called "real-time iteration scheme". In this scheme only one Newton type iteration is performed per sampling time, resulting in a fast online optimization algorithm. Due to the close dovetailing of system and optimizer dynamics, however, stability of the closed-loop system is not implied by standard nonlinear model predictive control results. In this paper, we give a proof of nominal stability of the scheme, which builds on concepts from both, NMPC stability theory and convergence analysis of Newton type methods. The principal result is that under some reasonable assumptions - the combined system-optimizer dynamics can be guaranteed to converge towards the origin from significantly disturbed system-optimizer states.
Tracking control and robustness analysis for planar vertical takeoff and landing aircraft under bounded feedbacks

We study feedback tracking problems for the planar vertical takeoff and landing (PVTOL) aircraft dynamics, which is a benchmark model in aerospace engineering. We provide a survey of the literature on the model. Then we construct new feedback stabilizers for the PVTOL tracking dynamics. The novelty of our work is in the boundedness of our feedback controllers and their applicability to cases where the velocity measurements may not be available, coupled with the uniform global asymptotic stability and uniform local exponential stability of the closed‐loop tracking dynamics and the input‐to‐state stable performance of the closed‐loop tracking dynamics with respect to actuator errors. Our proofs are based on a new bounded backstepping result. We illustrate our work in a tracking problem along a circle. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multicentre accuracy trial of FUJIFILM SILVAMP TB LAM test in people with HIV reveals lot variability

Rationale There is an urgent need for rapid, non-sputum point-of-care diagnostics to detect tuberculosis. Objectives This prospective trial in seven high tuberculosis burden countries set out to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the point-of-care urine-based lipoarabinomannan assay FUJIFILM SILVAMP TB LAM (FujiLAM) among inpatient and outpatient people living with HIV. Methods Diagnostic performance of FujiLAM at point of care was assessed among adult people with HIV against a mycobacterial reference standard (sputum culture, blood culture, and Xpert Ultra from urine and sputum at enrollment, and additional sputum culture [≤]7 days from enrollment), an extended mycobacterial reference standard including available non-study test results, and a composite reference standard including clinical evaluation. Measurements and Main Results: Of 1624 participants enrolled, 294 (18.0%) were classified as TB positive by extended mycobacterial reference standard. Median age was 40 years, median CD4 cell count was 372 cells/ul, 52% were female and 78% were taking antiretroviral therapy at enrollment. Overall FujiLAM sensitivity was 54.8% (95% CI: 49.1-60.4), and overall specificity was 85.1% (83.1-86.9), against the extended mycobacterial reference standard. Sensitivity and specificity estimates varied between sites, ranging from 26.5% (95% CI: 17.4%-38.0%) to 83.3% (43.6%-97.0%), and 75.0 (65.0%-82.9%) to 96.5 (92.1%-98.5%), respectively. Post-hoc exploratory analysis identified significant variability in the performance of the six FujiLAM lots used in this study. Conclusions Lot variability limited interpretation of FujiLAM test performance. Although the results with the current version of FujiLAM are too variable for clinical decision-making, the lipoarabinomannan biomarker still holds promise for tuberculosis diagnostics.
Statistical Analysis Plan for Balanced versus Saline trialists living systematic review individual patient and aggregated data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (BEST-Living Study)

The Balanced versus Saline Trialists (BEST) -Living Study is an ongoing living systematic review with aggregated and individual patient data meta-analysis (IPDMA) from eligible trials that reported the effects of the using balanced solutions compared with saline in critically ill adults. The study will provide the most up-to-date and comprehensive assessment using the best evidence available for the use of balanced solutions in critically ill patients, as described in the original protocol. We herein present the search strategies for the BEST-Living Study and provide details for future analysis and presentation. The report will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Individual Participant Data (PRISMA-IPD) recommendations. We will use the latest PRISMA flowchart for clarity. This statistical analysis plan reflects the plan for the first iteration of this living meta-analysis and may be subject to changes for future iterations.
Multivariate analysis of a missense variant in CREBRF reveals associations with measures of adiposity in people of Polynesian ancestries

The minor allele of rs373863828, a missense variant in CREB3 Regulatory Factor, is associated with several cardiometabolic phenotypes in Polynesian peoples. To better understand the variant, we tested the association of rs373863828 with a panel of correlated phenotypes (body mass index [BMI], weight, height, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol) using multivariate Bayesian association and network analyses in a Samoa cohort (n = 1632), Aotearoa New Zealand cohort (n = 1419), and combined cohort (n = 2976). An expanded set of phenotypes (adding estimated fat and fat‐free mass, abdominal circumference, hip circumference, and abdominal‐hip ratio) was tested in the Samoa cohort (n = 1496). In the Samoa cohort, we observed significant associations (log10 Bayes Factor [BF] ≥ 5.0) between rs373863828 and the overall phenotype panel (8.81), weight (8.30), and BMI (6.42). In the Aotearoa New Zealand cohort, we observed suggestive associations (1.5 < log10BF < 5) between rs373863828 and the overall phenotype panel (4.60), weight (3.27), and BMI (1.80). In the combined cohort, we observed concordant signals with larger log10BFs. In the Samoa‐specific expanded phenotype analyses, we also observed significant associations between rs373863828 and fat mass (5.65), abdominal circumference (5.34), and hip circumference (5.09). Bayesian networks provided evidence for a direct association of rs373863828 with weight and indirect associations with height and BMI.
THEORY OF CIRCULAR ACCELERATORS

Abstract : This book contains a systematic account of the general theory of contemporary circular accelerators and a de scription of the peculiarities of various types of installations. Both principal theoretical questions and the most essential applied problems and methods of calculating parameters and tolerances are treated in this book. Special attention is given works completed during the last few years and devoted to problems of obtaining maximums of energy and intensity of accelerated particles. Strong-focusing accelerators, radiation effects, the problem of the accumulation of particles, etc., are considered in detail. This book is intended for scientific workers and engineers working with physics of high-energy particles and acceleration technology and also for post-graduates and students of appropriate specialities. (Author)
The STAR W Program at RHIC

The production of $W$ bosons in polarized $p+p$ collisions at RHIC provides an excellent tool to probe the proton's sea quark distributions. At leading order $W^{-(+)}$ bosons are produced in $\bar{u}+d\,(\bar{d}+u)$ collisions, and parity-violating single-spin asymmetries measured in longitudinally polarized $p+p$ collisions give access to the flavor-separated light quark and antiquark helicity distributions. In this proceedings we report preliminary results for the single-spin asymmetry, $A_L$ from data collected in 2012 by the STAR experiment at RHIC with an integrated luminosity of 72 pb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s}=510$ GeV and an average beam polarization of 56%.
Emulation and modelling of semiconductor optical amplifier-based all-optical photonic integrated deep neural network with arbitrary depth

We experimentally demonstrate the emulation of scaling of the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based integrated all-optical neural network in terms of number of input channels and layer cascade, with chromatic input at the neuron and monochromatic output conversion, obtained by exploiting cross-gain-modulation effect. We propose a noise model for investigating the signal degradation on the signal processing after cascades of SOAs, and we validate it via experimental results. Both experiments and simulations claim that the all-optical neuron (AON), with wavelength conversion as non-linear function, is able to compress noise for noisy optical inputs. This suggests that the use of SOA-based AON with wavelength conversion may allow for building neural networks with arbitrary depth. In fact, an arbitrarily deep neural network, built out of seven-channel input AONs, is shown to guarantee an error minor than 0.1 when operating at input power levels of −20 dBm/channel and with a 6 dB input dynamic range. Then the simulations results, extended to an arbitrary number of input channels and layers, suggest that by cascading and interconnecting multiple of these monolithically integrated AONs, it is possible to build a neural network with 12-inputs/neuron 12 neurons/layer and arbitrary depth scaling, or an 18-inputs/neuron 18-neurons/layer for single layer implementation, to maintain an output error <0.1. Further improvement in height scalability can be obtained by optimizing the input power.
Boolean Searchable Encryption Scheme Supporting Forward Security

To address the problem that most existing searchable encryption schemes do not support Boolean search for multiple keywords and cannot satisfy the forward security of indexes, a Boolean searchable encryption scheme supporting forward security (BSFS) is proposed in this paper. Two problems are solved by using techniques related to set theory and cryptographic knowledge: (1) The ability to implement Boolean search for multiple keywords based on traditional searchable encryption schemes; (2) The forward security of the index is satisfied by the clever construction of the index. The security analysis shows that the correctness, confidentiality and forward security of the scheme are guaranteed and that it has a high degree of practical applicability.
Comparison of New Approaches of Semi-syllable Units for Speech Recognition of Any Arabic Word

This study uses the same semi-syllable units already defined in our previous work; a semi-syllable is a simple Arabic letter followed by its diacritic information. This work experiment with three configurations. In the first configuration, we redefine the “السكون” (Soukoun is an Arabic diacritical sign representing the absence of a vowel) as a new independent phonemes that is different from the consonant itself. In the second configuration, we also redefine the geminated consonant with a new independent phoneme. In the last configuration, we combined the first two experiments. The results proved that the three configurations gave better results compared to regular semi-syllables, and the highest recognition rate was achieved on the third configuration.
Design of Modulo 2n-1 based on Radix-8 Algorithm for RNS & MAC Applications

Abstract- A new architecture, namely, Multiplier-and Accumulator (MAC) based Radix-8 Booth Encoded modulo 2 n -1 Multiplication Algorithm for high-speed arithmetic logics have been proposed and implemented on Xilinx FPGA device. By combining multiplication with accumulation and devising a hybrid type adder the performance was improved. The modified booth encoder will reduce the number of partial products generated by a factor of 2 using radix-4 but by using radix-8 the partial products reduces by a factor of n/3. Fast multipliers are essential parts of digital signal processing systems. The speed of multiply operation is of great importance in digital signal processing as well as in the general purpose processors. The number to be added is the multiplicand, the number of times that it is added is the multiplier, and the result is the product. Each step of addition generates a partial product. Index Terms- Power allocation, resource allocation, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM).
Lower bounds for the spanning tree numbers of two graph products

For any graph $G$ of order $n$, the spanning tree packing number \emph{$STP(G)$}, is the maximum number of edge-disjoint spanning trees contained in $G$. In this paper, we obtain some sharp lower bounds for the spanning tree numbers of Cartesian product graphs and Lexicographic product graphs.
Performance of the Support Vector Machines for medical classification problems

In the Support Vector Machines classiﬁcation technique the best possible discriminating hyperplane between two populations is looked for by maximizing of margin between the populations’ closest points. This idea is also applied for obtaining nonlinear discriminant boundaries by using different kernels for transformations, thus obtaining a nonlinear Support Vector Machines method. The nonlinear Support Vector Machines method is based on preprocessing of data to represent patterns in high dimension-usually much higher than the original variable feature space. In the presented work the dependency of Support Vector Machines performance on the kind of kernel and Support Vector Machines parameters is presented. The performance was assessed by resubstitution, 10-fold cross-validation, leave-one-out error, learning curves and Receiver Operating Characteristic curves. The kind and shape of the kernel is more important than regularization constant allowing different levels of overlapping classes. Combining boosting and Support Vector Machines did not improved performance in comparison to Support Vector Machines method alone, because both Support Vector Machines procedure and boosting are focused on observations difﬁcult to classify.