Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improve Event Extraction via Self-Training with Gradient Guidance

Data scarcity and imbalance have been the main factors that hinder the progress of event extraction (EE). In this work, we propose a self-training with gradient guidance (STGG) framework which consists of (1) a base event extraction model which is ﬁrstly trained on existing event annotations and then applied to large-scale unlabeled corpora to predict new event mentions, and (2) a scoring model that takes in each predicted event trigger and ar-gument as well as their path in the Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) graph to estimate a probability score indicating the correctness of the event prediction. The new event predictions along with their correctness scores are then used as pseudo labeled examples to improve the base event extraction model while the magnitude and direction of its gradients are guided by the correctness scores. Experimental results on three benchmark datasets, including ACE05-E, ACE05-E + , and ERE, demonstrate the effectiveness of the STGG framework on event extraction task with up to 1.9 F-score improvement over the base event extraction models. Our experimental analysis further shows that STGG is a general framework as it can be applied to any base event extraction models and improve their performance by leveraging broad unlabeled data, even when the high-quality AMR graph annotations are not available.
Entertainment applications for tapping on a bathtub edge using embedded acoustic sensors

In past studies of smart environments and their applications in a house, we have developed bathtub systems that convert a normal tub into a user interface (UI) by the use of embedded sensors. We have developed another proposed UI for tapping, rapping, and knocking on a bathtub edge and some potential entertainment applications. In this paper, this bathtub system, which uses embedded piezoelectric acoustic sensors, is described, together with its entertainment applications in a bathroom.
Open Research Online The LoTSS view of radio AGN in the local Universe. The most massive galaxies are always switched on

This paper presents a study of the local radio source population, by cross-comparing the data from the ﬁrst data release (DR1) of the LOFAR Two-Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR7 main galaxy spectroscopic sample. The LoTSS DR1 provides deep data (median rms noise of 71 µ Jy at 150MHz) over 424 square degrees of sky, which is su ﬃ cient to detect 10615 (32 per cent) of the SDSS galaxies over this sky area. An improved method to separate active galactic nuclei (AGN) accurately from sources with radio emission powered by star formation (SF) is developed and applied, leading to a sample of 2121 local ( z < 0 . 3) radio AGN. The local 150MHz luminosity function is derived for radio AGN and SF galaxies separately, and the good agreement with previous studies at 1.4GHz suggests that the separation method presented is robust. The prevalence of radio AGN activity is conﬁrmed to show a strong dependence on both stellar and black hole masses, remarkably reaching a fraction of 100 per cent of the most massive galaxies ( > 10 11 M (cid:12) ) displaying radio-AGN activity with L 150MHz ≥ 10 21 WHz − 1 ; thus, the most massive galaxies are always switched on at some level. The results allow the full Eddington-scaled accretion rate distribution (a proxy for the duty cycle) to be probed for massive galaxies, and this accretion rate is found to peak at L mech / L Edd ≈ 10 − 5 . More than 50 per cent of the energy is released during the ≤ 2 per cent of the time spent at the highest accretion rates, L mech / L Edd > 10 − 2 . 5 . Stellar mass is shown to be a more important driver of radio-AGN activity than black hole mass, suggesting a possible connection between the fuelling gas and the surrounding halo. This result is in line with models in which these radio AGN are essential for maintaining the quenched state of galaxies at the centres of hot gas haloes.
Associations of Sputum Biomarkers with Clinical Outcomes in People with Cystic Fibrosis

Background: Airway inflammation promotes bronchiectasis and lung injury in cystic fibrosis (CF). Amplification of inflammation underlies pulmonary exacerbations of disease. We asked whether sputum inflammatory biomarkers provide explanatory information on pulmonary exacerbations. Patients and Methods: We collected sputum from randomly chosen stable adolescents and adults and prospectively observed time to next exacerbation, our primary outcome. We evaluated relationships between potential biomarkers of inflammation, clinical characteristics and outcomes and assessed clinical variables as potential confounders or mediators of explanatory models. We assessed associations between the markers and time to next exacerbation using proportional hazard models adjusting for confounders. Results: We enrolled 114 patients, collected data on clinical variables [December 8, 2014 to January 16, 2016; 46% male, mean age 28 years (SD 12), mean percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%) 70 (SD 22)] and measured 24 inflammatory markers. Half of the inflammatory markers were plausibly associated with time to next exacerbation. Age and sex were confounders while we found that FEV1% was a mediator. Three potential biomarkers of RAGE axis inflammation were associated with time to next exacerbation while six potential neutrophil-associated biomarkers indicate associations between protease activity or reactive oxygen species with time to next exacerbation. Conclusion: Pulmonary exacerbation biomarkers are part of the RAGE proinflammatory axis or reflect neutrophil activity, specifically implicating protease and oxidative stress injury. Further investigations or development of novel anti-inflammatory agents should consider RAGE axis, protease and oxidant stress antagonists.
Cardiometabolic effects of early v. delayed time-restricted eating plus energetic restriction in adults with overweight and obesity: an exploratory randomised clinical trial

Abstract This exploratory study investigated the effects of early v. delayed time-restricted eating (TRE) plus caloric restriction (CR) on body weight, body composition and cardiometabolic parameters in adults with overweight and obesity. Adults (20–40 years) were randomised to one of three groups for 8 weeks: early time-restricted eating (eTRE; 08.00–16.00) plus CR, delayed time-restricted eating (dTRE; 12.00–20.00) plus CR or only CR (CR; 08.00–20.00). All groups were prescribed a 25 % energy deficit relative to daily energy requirements. Thirteen participants completed the study in the eTRE and CR groups and eleven in the dTRE group (n 37). After the interventions, there was no significant difference between the three groups for any of the outcomes. Compared with baseline, significant decreases were observed in the body weight (eTRE group: −4·2 kg; 95 % CI, −5·6, −2·7; dTRE group: −4·8 kg; 95 % CI, −5·9, −3·7; CR: −4·0 kg; 95 % CI, −5·9, −2·1), fat mass (eTRE group: −2·9 kg; 95 % CI, −3·9, −1·9; dTRE group: −3·6 kg; 95 % CI, −4·6, −2·5; CR: −3·1 kg; 95 % CI, −4·3, −1·8) and fasting glucose levels (eTRE group: −4 mg/dl; 95 % CI, −8, −1; dTRE group: −2 mg/dl; 95 % CI, −8, 3; CR: −3 mg/dl; 95 % CI, −8, 2). In a free-living setting, TRE with a energetic deficit, regardless of the time of day, promotes similar benefits in weight loss, body composition and cardiometabolic parameters. However, given the exploratory nature of our study, further investigation is needed to confirm these findings.
Low Dimensional Trajectory Hypothesis is True: DNNs Can Be Trained in Tiny Subspaces

Deep neural networks (DNNs) usually contain massive parameters, but there is redundancy such that it is guessed that they could be trained in low-dimensional subspaces. In this paper, we propose a Dynamic Linear Dimensionality Reduction (DLDR) based on the low-dimensional properties of the training trajectory. The reduction method is efficient, supported by comprehensive experiments: optimizing DNNs in 40-dimensional spaces can achieve comparable performance as regular training over thousands or even millions of parameters. Since there are only a few variables to optimize, we develop an efficient quasi-Newton-based algorithm, obtain robustness to label noise, and improve the performance of well-trained models, which are three follow-up experiments that can show the advantages of finding such low-dimensional subspaces. The code is released (Pytorch: https://github.com/nblt/DLDR and Mindspore: https://gitee.com/mindspore/docs/tree/r1.6/docs/sample_code/dimension_reduce_training).
RRM1 variants cause a mitochondrial DNA maintenance disorder via impaired de novo nucleotide synthesis

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion/deletions syndromes (MDDS) encompass a clinically and etiologically heterogenous group of mitochondrial disorders caused by impaired mtDNA maintenance. Among the most frequent causes of MDDS are defects in nucleoside/nucleotide metabolism, which is critical for synthesis and homeostasis of the deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) substrates of mtDNA replication. A central enzyme for generating dNTPs is ribonucleotide reductase, a critical mediator of de novo nucleotide synthesis composed of catalytic RRM1 subunits in complex with RRM2 or p53R2. Here, we report 5 probands from 4 families who presented with ptosis and ophthalmoplegia as well as other clinical manifestations and multiple mtDNA deletions in muscle. We identified 3 RRM1 loss-of-function variants, including a dominant catalytic site variant (NP_001024.1: p.N427K) and 2 homozygous recessive variants at p.R381, which has evolutionarily conserved interactions with the specificity site. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations indicate mechanisms by which RRM1 variants affect protein structure. Cultured primary skin fibroblasts of probands manifested mtDNA depletion under cycling conditions, indicating impaired de novo nucleotide synthesis. Fibroblasts also exhibited aberrant nucleoside diphosphate and dNTP pools and mtDNA ribonucleotide incorporation. Our data reveal that primary RRM1 deficiency and, by extension, impaired de novo nucleotide synthesis are causes of MDDS.
Signaling mechanisms of the platelet glycoprotein Ib-IX complex

Abstract The glycoprotein Ib–IX (GPIb-IX) complex mediates initial platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor (VWF) immobilized on subendothelial matrix and endothelial surfaces, and transmits VWF binding-induced signals to stimulate platelet activation. GPIb-IX also functions as part of a mechanosensor to convert mechanical force received via VWF binding into intracellular signals, thereby greatly enhancing platelet activation. Thrombin binding to GPIb-IX initiates GPIb-IX signaling cooperatively with protease-activated receptors to synergistically stimulate the platelet response to low-dose thrombin. GPIb-IX signaling may also occur following the binding of other GPIb-IX ligands such as leukocyte integrin αMβ2 and red cell-derived semaphorin 7A, contributing to thrombo-inflammation. GPIb-IX signaling requires the interaction between the cytoplasmic domains of GPIb-IX and 14-3-3 protein and is mediated through Src family kinases, the Rho family of small GTPases, phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt-cGMP-mitogen-activated protein kinase, and LIM kinase 1 signaling pathways, leading to calcium mobilization, integrin activation, and granule secretion. This review summarizes the current understanding of GPIb-IX signaling.
Technical note: Institutional solution of clinical cine MRI for tumor motion evaluation in radiotherapy

Abstract Purpose Since 4D‐MRI is inadequate to capture dynamic respiratory variations, real‐time cinematographic (cine) MRI is actively used in MR‐guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) for tumor motion evaluation, delineation, and tracking. However, most radiotherapy imaging platforms do not support the format of cine MRI from clinical MRI systems. This study developed an institutional solution of clinical cine MRI for tumor motion evaluation in radiotherapy applications. Methods Cine MRI manipulation software (called Cine Viewer) was developed within a commercial Treatment Planning System (TPS). It consists of (1) single/orthogonal viewers, (2) display controllers, (3) measurement grids/markers, and (4) manual contouring tools. Results The institutional solution of clinical cine MRI incorporated with radiotherapy application was assessed through case presentations (liver cancer). Cine Viewer loaded cine MRIs from 1.5T Philips Ingenia MRI, handling MRI DICOM format. The measurement grids and markers were used to quantify the displacement of anatomical structures in addition to the tumor. The contouring tool was utilized to localize the tumor and surrogates on the designated frame. The stacks of the contours were exhibited to present the ranges of tumor and surrogate motions. For example, the stacks of the tumor contours from case‐1 were used to determine the ranges of tumor motions (∼8.17 mm on the x‐direction [AP‐direction] and ∼14 mm on the y‐direction [SI‐direction]). In addition, the patterns of the displacement of the contours over frames were analyzed and reported using in‐house software. In the case‐1 review, the tumor was displaced from +146.0 mm on the x‐direction and +125.0 mm on the y‐direction from the ROI of the abdominal surface. Conclusion We demonstrated the institutional solution of clinical cine MRI in radiotherapy. The proposed tools can streamline the utilization of cine MRI for tumor motion evaluation using Eclipse for treatment planning.
Errata to "Understanding Multimodal User Gesture and Speech Behavior for Object Manipulation in Augmented Reality Using Elicitation"

• All time information was reported as milliseconds but given as 100ths of a second. • Additionally, the time differences between gesture initiation and speech initiation were reported as being 60% of their actual value. This resulted in those time differences being reported as 6 times less than they were (e.g., 130ms should be 780ms).
Synthetic gene circuits for preventing disruption of the circadian clock due to interleukin-1–induced inflammation

The circadian clock regulates tissue homeostasis through temporal control of tissue-specific clock-controlled genes. In articular cartilage, disruptions in the circadian clock are linked to a procatabolic state. In the presence of inflammation, the cartilage circadian clock is disrupted, which further contributes to the pathogenesis of diseases such as osteoarthritis. Using synthetic biology and tissue engineering, we developed and tested genetically engineered cartilage from murine induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs) capable of preserving the circadian clock in the presence of inflammation. We found that circadian rhythms arise following chondrogenic differentiation of miPSCs. Exposure of tissue-engineered cartilage to the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) disrupted circadian rhythms and degraded the cartilage matrix. All three inflammation-resistant approaches showed protection against IL-1–induced degradation and loss of circadian rhythms. These synthetic gene circuits reveal a unique approach to support daily rhythms in cartilage and provide a strategy for creating cell-based therapies to preserve the circadian clock.
Undiagnosed disease program in South Africa: Results from first 100 exomes

The Undiagnosed Disease Program in South Africa (UDP) sought to prospectively evaluate the clinical utility of exome sequencing (ES) in a phenotypically diverse, multi‐ethnic cohort of South African patients with suspected rare genetic disorders. ES was undertaken in 100 sequential patients (93 singletons, 3 duos, and 4 trios) recruited to the UDP at Stellenbosch University. The data were analyzed through two separate bioinformatics pipelines (EVIDENCE from 3 billion and our in‐house pipeline). A definitive diagnosis could be reached in 51% (51/100) patients, with 46% (46/100) patients having either pathogenic or likely pathogenic single‐nucleotide variants/indels (SNVs/indels), and 5 patients with likely‐pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs) (5/100). The CNVs were subsequently confirmed on microarray or MLPA analysis. Detailed phenotyping and HPO terms enabled analysis and variant identification. Twenty‐five novel variants in 22 genes are reported here. We provide data from the first year of this UDP and show that even amongst mainly singletons from an understudied, diverse African population, ES is a valuable diagnostic tool, especially if it includes CNV analysis. The remaining undiagnosed patients present a unique opportunity for further research and novel gene discovery.
Design Optimization of Permanent Magnet Machines Over a Target Operating Cycle Using Computationally Efficient Techniques

DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF PERMANENT MAGNET MACHINES OVER A TARGET OPERATING CYCLE USING COMPUTATIONALLY EFFICIENT TECHNIQUES Alireza Fatemi, A.S. , B.S., M.S. Marquette University, 2016 The common practices of large-scale finite element (FE) model-based design optimization of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) oftentimes aim at improving the machine performance at the rated operating conditions, thus overlooking the performance treatment over the entire range of operation in the constant torque and extended speed regions. This is mainly due to the computational complexities associated with several aspects of such large-scale design optimization problems, including the FE-based modeling techniques, large number of load operating points for load-cycle evaluation of the design candidates, and large number of function evaluations required for identification of the globally optimal design solutions. In this dissertation, the necessity of accommodating the entire range of operation in the design optimization of PMSMs is demonstrated through joint application of numerical techniques and mathematical or statistical analyses. For this purpose, concepts such as FE analysis (FEA), design of experiments (DOE), sensitivity analysis, response surface methodology (RSM), and regression analysis are extensively used throughout this work to unscramble the correlations between various factors influencing the design of PMSMs. Also in this dissertation, computationally efficient methodologies are developed and employed to render unprohibitive the problems associated with large-scale design optimization of PMSMs over the entire range of operation of such machines. These include upgrading an existing computationally efficient FEA to solve the electromagnetic field problem at any load operating point residing anywhere in the torque-speed plane, developing a new stochastic search algorithm for effectively handling the constrained optimization problem (COP) of design of electric machines so as to reduce the number of function evaluations required for identifying the global optimum, implementing a k-means clustering algorithm for efficient modeling of the motor load profile, and devising alternative computationally efficient techniques for calculation of strand eddy current losses or characterization of the mechanical stress due to the centrifugal forces on the rotor bridges. The developed methodologies in this dissertation are applicable to the wide class of sine-wave driven PM and synchronous reluctance machines. Here, they were successfully utilized for optimization of two existing propulsion traction motors over predefined operating cycles. Particularly, the well-established benchmark design provided by the Toyota Prius Gen. 2 V-type interior PM (IPM) motor, and a challenging high power density spoke-type IPM for a formula E racing car are treated.
A REVIEW ON EDDY CURRENT THERMOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING APPLICATION

Eddy current thermography is one of the non-destructive testing technique s that provide advantages over other active thermography techniques in defect detection and analysis. The method of defect detection in eddy current thermography has become reliable due to its mode of interactions i.e. eddy current heating and heat diffusion, acquired via an infrared camera. Such ability has given the technique the advantages for non-destructive testing applications. The experimental parameters and settings which contribute towards optimum heating and defect detection capability have always been the focus of research associated with the technique. In addition, the knowledge and understanding of the characteristics heat distribution surrounding a defect is an important factor for successful inspection results. Thus, the quantitative characterisation of defect by this technique is possible compared to the conventional non-destructive which only acquired qualitative result. In this paper, a review of the eddy current thermography technique is presented which covers the physical principles of the technique, associated systems and its applications. Works on the application of the technique have been presented and discussed which demonstrates the ability of eddy current thermography for non-destructive testing of conductive materials.
Resilience during a great economic recession: Social and personal resources for youth's positive adaptation in the school context.

INTRODUCTION Greece was hit particularly hard by the latest economic recession. METHOD Using a quasi-experimental design, we examined whether and how psychosocial resources promoted and/or protected youth's school adjustment (academic achievement, school engagement, and conduct) and psychological well-being (absence of emotional symptoms) during the economic crisis. We focused on three family resources (family economic well-being, parental education, and school involvement) and one personal resource (self-efficacy). Data were collected with multiple methods and informants. We compared two cohorts of adolescents, closely matched through Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting, who lived in the same neighborhoods, one before (2005; N = 1057; age M = 12.7 years) and the other during (2013; N = 1052; age M = 12.6 years) the economic recession. RESULTS Variable- and person-focused analyses revealed that in the context of the economic recession parental education and parental school involvement promoted and/or protected youth's school adjustment, and families' economic wellbeing was linked to both externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Another key finding is that youth who exhibited positive adaptation during the economic crisis were equally well adjusted as youth who were well adjusted before the economic crisis, even though they had fewer resources. Finally, youth with more adequate psychosocial resources were able to keep the same high level of adaptation during the crisis as well-adjusted youth had before the crisis. The findings were robust regarding variations in gender and immigrant status. CONCLUSION The results suggest that psychosocial resources are important in understanding the diversity in youth's school adjustment and well-being during a major economic crisis.