Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Root infection of potato by Spongospora subterranea: knowledge review and evidence for decreased plant productivity

Information is reviewed on root infection of potato by the plasmodiophorid Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea. This pathogen has long been recognized as the cause of root galls (hyperplasia) and the economically important disease powdery scab on tubers (modified stolons). The significance for plant productivity of the zoosporangium stages of the pathogen in potato roots has only recently begun to be documented. Two experiments are described that assessed effects of S. subterranea root infection on potato plant root function and productivity. A greenhouse experiment measured root function and plant parameters for eight potato cultivars with markedly different susceptibilities to tuber powdery scab. Water uptake and plant growth were reduced by S. subterranea inoculation in all eight cultivars. The magnitudes of these negative effects, and intensities of root hyperplasia, differed among the cultivars, but were not related to respective susceptibilities to tuber powdery scab. A field trial assessed root function and plant productivity for a cultivar (Iwa) that is very susceptible to Spongospora tuber and root diseases. Soil water content beneath uninoculated plants was consistently less than for inoculated plants, indicating that inoculation reduced water uptake (root function). Inoculation reduced shoot and root dry weights, and reduced weight of tubers per plant by 42%. Spongospora subterranea causes three diseases of potato: root membrane dysfunction, root hyperplasia and tuber powdery scab. The root diseases caused by the pathogen are likely to be important both for powdery scab management and for deleterious effects on potato crop yields.
Coordinate Interests in Transit Network Layout Optimization

In order to optimize transit network layout from the perspective of coordinating the conflicts between different stakeholders, this research constructs a multi-objective model and proposes a solution algorithm. The model is established from the perspective of operators with the goal of minimizing the total operating costs of the operating company, and from the perspective of the travelers to minimize the total travel time of all travelers, respectively. Additionally, simulated annealing algorithm is used as the main framework of the solution algorithm to minimize operating costs, and genetic algorithm is used as a subroutine of simulated annealing algorithm to optimize total travel time. It is found that the proposed optimization model and solution algorithm can balance interest conflicts between stakeholders in transit network design.
Neural Representations of the Visual World Across Space and Time

A fundamental question of cognition and perception has asked how the human brain represents the local visual environment. Investigations seeking to answer this question have often explored the contributions of spatial information, such as geometry and layout, in forming a holistic percept of the visual world, yet a growing body of work suggests multiple properties may be crucial to the underlying neural mechanisms supporting scene recognition. This dissertation aims to examine the role of common and ubiquitous visual features, described here as geometry and surface properties, in shaping neural representations of the visual environment across space and time. Investigations in Chapter 2 sought to elucidate the weighting of geometry and surface properties in object and scene perception, and demonstrated equal sensitivity in the sceneselective parahippocampal place area for these features within a scene, and greater sensitivity to the surface information of an object, over its geometry. In Chapter 3, the interactions of these properties with goal-directed behaviour and higher-order scene attributes were examined, with results indicating that scene-selective cortex constructs a flexible representation of the visual environment by integrating diagnostic visual information with task context. Following this investigation, Chapter 4 examined these features within the temporal domain, wherein dissociable neural activity patterns emerged demonstrating how these features may diverge
HETEROGENEITY OF ANTIBODY-FORMING CELLS

Cell suspensions from draining lymph nodes of immune and nonimmune rats were reacted in vitro with 125I-labeled antigens. In light microscopic radioautographs of smears, 17% of the immunized cells were tagged by specific antigen; 2.0% of control cells were positive. In electron microscopic radioautographs, 90% of the labeled elements from immune donors were lymphocytes, blast and plasma cells; 10% were monocytes-macrophages or other elements, including naked nuclei. 15% of the labeled cells from control materials were lymphocytes and plasma cells, while 85% were monocytes-macrophages and naked nuclei. Within cell suspensions derived from immunized animals there were almost twice as many lymphocytes marked by isotope as plasma cells, and the lymphocytes ranged in morphology from mature monoribosomal elements to immature polyribosomal cells. Antibody-forming cells fixed labeled antigen at their surfaces. The monocyte-macrophage class was distinguished by a high mean grain count and by distribution of grains within cytoplasmic vacuoles and lysosomes.
The Low Level of Fat-Free-Mass is a Risk Factor for Cognitive Impairment among Morocco's Older Adults

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between body composition and risk of cognitive impairment among Morocco older adults. Materials and Methods: A sample of 237 older adults aged above 60 years were recruited from three nursing homes belong to three different cities Rabat, Kenitra, and Sidi Kacem city and from one health center in Sidi Kacem city. From them, 151 subjects (59.6% men and 40.4% women) were included in our study for their complete data. Sociodemographic characteristics and health condition were collected using a general questionnaire. Body compositions evaluation using bioelectrical impedance analysis accompanied with a measure of body mass index, calf circumference, midupper arm circumference, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. Cognitive functions were assessed by the Mini–Mental State Examination. Nutritional status, depression, and physical activity (PA) were assessed using, respectively: Mini nutritional assessment, geriatric depression scale-15, and global PA questionnaire which were taking as confounder factors. Results: The multivariate logistic regression adjusted for gender, education, kind of profession, pension, PA, depression, and malnutrition shows that only the first tertile (adjusted odds ratio [ORa] = 4.11, 95% CI: 1.58–10.66) and second tertile (ORa = 4.25, 95% CI: 1.64-10.97) of fat-free mass (FFM) compared to the third tertile, were found to be risk factors for cognitive impairment. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that lower level of FFM was associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment among the elderly. This indicates that the preservation of muscle mass by good nutrition and PA could save cognitive function from the onset of Alzheimer’s disease.
Water vole in the Scottish uplands: distribution patterns of disturbed and pristine populations ahead and behind the American mink invasion front

The invasion of Britain by American mink has had a catastrophic impact on water vole populations. We surveyed and live‐trapped water voles over 2 years in eight c. 25 km2 blocks in the upland of Scotland behind and ahead of the mink invasion front. Water voles had a similar distribution in the Grampian Mountains of north‐east Scotland, on the edge of the invasion front, and in the Assynt area of north‐west Sutherland well beyond the front. Water voles occurred in small, discrete colonies. Median nearest‐neighbour distance between colonies was 0.6‐0.7 km in both areas. Colonies experienced a high degree of turnover with extinction and colonization being commonplace and only a fraction of suitable sites were occupied at a given time. High dispersal rates connecting numerous (> 30) colonies over large areas (> 25 km2) enable water voles to persist in such circumstances. Synchronized fluctuations in occupancy not caused by mink also occurred at the regional scales of the Grampian Mountains and Assynt areas. Localized mink invasions have fragmented a previously continuous metapopulation into smaller clusters and this may indirectly affect the likely persistence of water vole colonies not directly exposed to predation by mink.
Utilization of Social Capital for Sustainable Development and Peacebuilding in Global Conflict Zones by Faith-Based Movements

Sustainable development is a pattern of resource use which tries to meet human needs without dramatically harming the environment so that future generation can also benefit from these resources. In other words, sustainable development combines "concern for the carrying capacity of the natural systems with the social challenges facing humanity". 2 Sustainable development is conceptually broken into three parts: environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and socio-political sustainability or the simultaneous pursuit of economic prosperity, environmental quality and social equity. This paper focuses on how volunteer organizations can contribute to social equity and also economic prosperity in multi-ethnic societies and global conflict zones. Civil society can play a positive role in maintaining sustainable peace as civil society is a critical space where diversity and pluralism could be cherished and fostered. Social network of informed and responsible citizens furthers pluralism, democracy and peacebuilding. The study is based on a case documenting how faith-based movements can effectively utilize and direct social capital in order to achieve and/or maintain sustainable development and peace.
Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Meat-and-Bone Meal, Flash-Dried Poultry By-Product Meal, and Enzyme-Digested Poultry By-Product Meal in Practical Diets for Juvenile Red Drum

Abstract To reduce long-term dependence upon fishery resources, we evaluated selected terrestrial by-products as alternatives to fish meal for rearing juvenile (mean weight, 2.3 ± 0.1 g) red drum Sciaenops ocellatus. Over a 6-week feeding trial, 10 test diets (basal diet and 9 test diets) were formulated on an isonitrogenous (44% gross protein) basis. The primary protein sources in the basal diet were fish meal and soybean meal, which were incorporated at 30 and 24.8 g/100 g of diet, respectively. Replacement of fish meal in the test diets ranged from 16.6% to 66.7%. Low ash meat-and-bone meal (MBM), flash-dried poultry by-product meal (PBM), and enzyme-digested poultry by-product meal (EPM) were used to replace the fish meal. All four MBM diets produced significantly lower weight gain compared with fish maintained on the basal diet. Feed efficiency (FE) and protein conversion efficiency (PCE) were similar for the 16.6% MBM diet and the basal diet, but higher levels of MBM produced significantly lower FE .
Genotyping of Hepatitis C Virus Isolates from Iraqi Hemodialysis Patients by Reverse Transcription-PCR and One Step Nested RT-PCR

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem among dialysis patients in developing countries. Geographical distribution of various genotypes of HCV is useful for understanding the epidemiological status, detection of mode and source of infection, designing the program of control, evaluating the response to treatment and development of diagnostic methods and vaccine production. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of HCV genotypes and subtypes (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5a & 6a) among hemodialysis patients. Materials and Methods: The prevalence of anti-HCV antibody was determined by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then, HCV specific RNA was detected in those antiHCV seropositive and seronegative dialysis patients, utilizing reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction technique (RT-PCR), Furthermore, Genotyping the HCV-RNA positive samples by one step nested RT-PCR technique. Results: Genotyping analysis was performed in 29 HCV-RNA positive patients. Genotypes 1a, 1b, 3a and 4 were found in (34.48%), (13.79%), (3.45%) and (41.38%) patients, respectively. In addition, two patients (6.90%) had mixed infected with both 4 and 1b. Conclusion: The genotype distribution in our study is comparable to that for non haemodialysis patients. Further analyze relatedness of HCV isolates by sequence analysis are required to trace the source of infection.
Mengenal penelitian tindakan kelas

buku ini memuat alasan guru takut melakukan PTK, definisi PTK, manfaat PTK, model-model PTK, persiapan PTK, langkah-langkah PTK, pembuatan proposal PTK, pengumpulan data PTK, validitas penelitian, syarat keberhasilan PTK.
Isoperla grammatica Poda, 1761 - Beschreibung eines Neotypus (Plecoptera)

Fur die Art Isoperla grammatica Poda, 1761 wird ein Neotypus beschrieben. Die Mannchen dieser Art sind sowohl durch ihre Trommelzeichen als auch durch die Strukturen des Aedeagus zu erkennen, die Weibchen konnen uber die Strukturen der Vagina bestimmt werden. Die Art wurde bisher in den Alpen (an der Drau) und in den Pyrineen (Pyrenees Orientales) gefunden.
Heuristic Convergence Rate Improvements of the Projected Gauss–Seidel Method for Frictional Contact Problems

In interactive physical simulation, contact forces are applied to prevent rigid bodies from penetrating and con-trol slipping between bodies. Accurate contact force determination is a computationally hard problem. Thus, in practice one trades accuracy for performance. The result is visual artifacts such as viscous or damped contact response. In this paper, we present heuristics for improving performance for solving contact force problems in interactive rigid body simulation. We formulate the contact force problem as a nonlinear complementarity problem, and discretize the problem using a splitting method and a minimum map reformulation. The resulting model is called the Projected Gauss–Seidel method. Quantitative research results are presented and can be used as a taxonomy for selecting a suitable heuristic when using the Projected Gauss–Seidel method.
Improving detection combined with targeted therapy for small hepatocellular carcinoma.

Surgery remains the best treatment option for cure in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the majority of patients with localised HCC are unfit for curative resection or transplantation. Currently, several modalities are available for non-surgical liver directed therapy including radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation, cryo-ablation, ethanol injection, laser ablation, and irreversible electroporation.
Keeping the promise: united to achieve the millennium development goals

1. We, Heads of State and Government, gathered at United Nations Headquarters in New York from 20 to 22 September 2010, welcome the progress made since we last met here in 2005, while expressing deep concern that it falls far short of what is needed. We reaffirm our resolve to work together for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples, recalling the development goals and commitments emanating from the United Nations Millennium Declaration and the 2005 World Summit Outcome.
Google econometrics: nowcasting euro area car sales and big data quality requirements

Big data” is becoming an increasingly important aspect of our daily lives as the digital sources of information and intelligence that it encompasses become more structured and more publicly available. These sources may enable the generation of new datasets providing high-frequency and timely insights into unconscious digital behaviour and the consequent actions of economic agents, which may, in turn, assist in the generation of early indicators of economic and financial trends and activities. This paper examines the usefulness of Google search data in nowcasting euro area car sales, as a leading macroeconomic indicator, and considers the quality requirements for using these new data sources as a toolkit for sound decision and policy making. The paper finds that, while Google data may have predictive capabilities for nowcasting euro area car sales, further quality improvements in the data source are needed in order to move beyond experimental statistics. If these quality requirements can be met, the resulting advances in theory and knowledge around interpreting big data can be expected to significantly re-shape how we think about and explain both behaviour and complex socio-economic phenomena. JEL Classification: C53, C82, E58, E71
Evaluation of the nutritive values of quail litter for ruminants after pelleting

The aim of this work was to study the nutritional value of pelleted meat quail litter (PMQL) and pelleted layer quail litter (PLQL). Both types of litter were pelleted, and the nutritive values were analyzed. The results showed that the total ash (TA), crude protein and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents for the PMQL were much lower than those for the PLQL (P 0.05) different between the PMQL and PLQL. Estimations of the metabolizable energy (ME) were predicted from rumen fluid-pepsin in vitro digestible organic matter content of the DM (MEIV) and organic matter loss during a 72-h rumen incubation (ME-RI). The ME contents were closely correlated with the sum of the TA and ADF, and the correlation coefficient for the ME-IV was -0.881 and 0.913 for the ME-RI. Useful estimations of the ME from the TA and ADF values of the litter samples could be made utilizing regression equations for either ME-IV or ME-RI, with the ME-RI being preferred for its slightly greater correlation coefficient, ME-RI (MJ/kg DM) = 12.7 ‐ 0.0104 (TA + ADF) (g/kg DM).
A real‐time traffic index model for expressways

In this paper, a real‐time traffic index model of expressways is proposed by using a traffic index to evaluate the actual conditions of expressways. The model considers the actual situation of floating and nonfloating vehicles on expressways, in the context of massive floating car data. Included is the realization of the complete calculation model of real‐time traffic index estimation, including highway section division, spatial topology map matching, driving route calculation, and road congestion status judgment. For roads without floating car coverage, the weighted‐moving‐average time‐series prediction method is used to predict the traffic index, so that the running condition of all roads in the network can be analyzed completely. The simulation results show that the proposed highway traffic index can reflect not only the overall high‐speed operation but also real‐time congestion at specific high‐speed or specific highway intervals, providing an effective reference for travel.
Living kidney donor evaluation and safety assessment

To be able to safely accept potential living kidney donors, more insight is needed in the effect of nephrectomy on a living donor. In this thesis, we aimed to investigate the role of both established and novel glomerular, tubular, and other donor outcome predictors in donor screening and follow-up. We performed renal function measurements in living kidney donor candidates both before and after living kidney donation. We found that estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) can be used in living kidney donation, but that a proportion of living donors will still require measured GFR (mGFR), both in donor screening and in follow-up, to minimize failure of detection of declining renal function. We also demonstrated that the renal functional reserve capacity is a predictor of short-term renal hemodynamics after donation, but not of long-term GFR. Furthermore, we demonstrated that living donor tubular phosphate handling is a predictor of recipient renal function and that post-transplant hypophosphatemia is associated with beneficial outcomes. Finally, we found that pain after nephrectomy is an important donor outcome parameter. These results show that more insight into living kidney donation may lead to better donor outcomes. Therefore, we call for a study involving all aspects of organ donation and transplantation.
Juice quality and polyphenol concentration of fresh fruits and pomace of selected Nova Scotia-grown grape cultivars

Juice, fresh fruit and pomace of 10 selected Nova Scotia-grown grape cultivars (five table and five wine cultivars) were evaluated for their physicochemical parameters and major phenolic compounds to determine their suitability in use for developing functional beverages. Colour intensity, total soluble solids, total anthocyanin concentration and antioxidant capacity were significantly higher in juice of wine grape cultivars than in juice of table grape cultivars. Titratable acidity was not significantly different among the juice of the two categories. In juice, a high positive correlation was observed between total phenolic concentration measured using Folin-Ciocalteu assay and antioxidant capacity measured using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) (r = 0.87) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (r = 0.95). Flavan-3-ols, stilbenes and anthocyanin concentrations were significantly higher in fruits of wine grape cultivars, while the distribution of flavonols was highly variable in two categori.
Klondike Strategies using Monte Carlo Techniques

Faculty of Science Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science MSc Computer Science by Pieter Bas Donkersteeg Research is done on possible successful strategies in the Klondike card game. A selfmade implementation (C++) is used to do the research. One of the techniques used, is Monte Carlo simulation in which a large number of games is played randomly to give the current state a better notion of what move is best. The odds of winning a Klondike card game are still unknown, which makes it very interesting to get a better understanding of the game, by applying different strategies and see how the game behaves. In this thesis we emphasize some interesting behaviour of the game in order to come up with hints for a human player to use in their own game. [Nederlands] Er is onderzoek gedaan naar mogelijk succesvolle strategieën voor het kaartspel Klondike (de bekendste variant van Patience). Voor het onderzoek is een eigen implementatie van het spel gebruikt. Een van de onderzochte technieken is Monte Carlo simulatie, waarmee het spel zich een “idee” vormt van de beste zet op een bepaald moment. Enerzijds worden de resultaten van deze simulaties uitgelegd, anderzijds ligt de nadruk op een aantal interessante aspecten van het spel die onder andere door de simulaties naar voren zijn gekomen. Concluderend wordt onder meer een korte lijst met hints gepresenteerd die het Klondike kaartspel als baken zou kunnen dienen.