Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LARVAL FAT BODY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO PROTEIN STORAGE AND OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT IN ADULTS OF THE SCREW‐WORM FLY CHRYSOMYA BEZZIANA

The vast majority of females of the Old World screw‐worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve (Diptera: Calliphoridae), from field populations and from normally maintained laboratory cultures are autogenous. Anautogenous C. bezziana females which are smaller in size are produced when the larval feeding period is curtailed. Autogenous and anautogenous C. bezziana were compared with reference to abdominal larval fat body (LFB), ovarian development and protein relationships. At emergence, autogenous C. bezziana have larger amounts of LFB relative to body size than anautogenous C. bezziana. Volume of LFB is directly correlated with body size in females showing autogeny but there is no correlation with size in females in the anautogenous size classes. Males and females of equal sizes have the same volume of LFB and their rates of LFB depletion are similar and temperature‐dependent. In autogenous females, about 70% of the LFB disappears before vitellogenesis begins. LFB disappears more rapidly in smaller flies. In anautogenous C. bezziana females, access to a source of protein from the time of adult emergence reduced the rate of LFB depletion, but in autogenous flies the depletion rate is not affected by diet.
Which is a better marker for overweight: waist height ratio or waist circumference?

Background: The global prevalence of obesity has been increasing. Body mass index, waist circumference and waist height ratio have been widely used for nutritional assessment. Waist height ratio has the advantage of taking into account abdominal obesity as well as height associated with body fat accumulation or distribution. The objective of this study was to suggest cut off points for waist circumference and waist height ratio to identify overweight in Omani adults.Methods: Weight, height, waist circumference and waist height ratio were measured for all participants. Pearson’s correlation was used to determine correlation of BMI with waist circumference and waist height ratio. ROC curve was used to identify AUC and specific cut off point for anthropometric indicators.Results: The largest proportion of overweight was picked up by waist height ratio across both the genders. Correlation of BMI with waist height ratio was stronger (r=0.699) than correlation with waist circumference (r=0.589) for both the genders. Maximum AUC was for waist height ratio in males (AUC=0.833, 95% CI=0.791-0.875). The specific cut off point for waist circumference in males and females was 89.5cm and 87.6cm respectively. The specific cut off point for waist height ratio in males and females was 0.53 and 0.57 respectively.Conclusions: Maximum participants were found overweight by waist height ratio followed by waist circumference and the least by BMI. The higher cut off points should be used in this population for identifying overweight people.
A method for solving the transportation problem

Abstract The transportation problem as a major problem in linear programming problems is important. To solve the transportation problem we need to find a feasible solution. The feasible solution of the transportation problem can be obtained by using the least cost, Vogel or other methods. After obtaining feasible solutions, we use the existing methods such as multiples method or the method of stepping stones to achieve the optimal solution. In These methods, we need to find a route in the transportation table. It is relatively difficult to find a route. Here, we propose a new method that does not require finding a route and is easier than previous methods. At the end, this method compared with previous methods.
A Sequential Data Analysis Approach to Detect Emergent Leaders in Small Groups

This paper addresses the problem of predicting emergent leaders (ELs) in small groups, that is, meetings. This is a long-lasting research problem for social and organizational psychology and a relevant problem that recently gained momentum in social computing. Toward this goal, we propose a novel method, which analyzes the temporal dependencies of the audio-visual data by applying unsupervised deep learning generative models (feature learning). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt that sequential data processing is performed for EL detection. Feature learning results in a single feature vector per a given time interval and all feature vectors representing a participant are aggregated using novel fusion techniques. Finally, the EL detection is performed using the state-of-the-art single and multiple kernel learning algorithms. The proposed method shows (significantly) improved results compared to the state-of-the-art methods and it can be adapted to analyze various small group interactions given that it is a general approach.
Satisfied Consumers

This study describes consumers who hire friends, family members, or strangers as paid personal assistants and compares service satisfaction among the three groups. From surveying 511 consumers of self-directed home care services, the authors found that consumers who hire friends as workers are younger and more educated than consumers who hire family members and strangers, and they are more impaired than consumers with strangers as workers. The friend cohort experiences more stability with their personal assistants than does the stranger cohort but not as much stability as the family cohort. On some dimensions of consumer satisfaction, friends as workers are perceived by consumers to be either the same as or better than strangers, but they also are perceived as either the same as or worse than family workers. Using friends as paid workers is an important resource. Researchers and policy makers should further explore this approach because the need for homebased personal assistance continues to increase.
Valuing Customers

It is increasingly apparent that the financial value of a firm depends on off-balance-sheet intangible assets. In this article, the authors focus on the most critical aspect of a firm: its customers. Specifically, they demonstrate how valuing customers makes it feasible to value firms, including high-growth firms with negative earnings. The authors define the value of a customer as the expected sum of discounted future earnings. They demonstrate their valuation method by using publicly available data for five firms. They find that a 1% improvement in retention, margin, or acquisition cost improves firm value by 5%, 1%, and . 1%, respectively. They also find that a 1% improvement in retention has almost five times greater impact on firm value than a 1% change in discount rate or cost of capital. The results show that the linking of marketing concepts to shareholder value is both possible and insightful.
Development of functional markers for detection of inactive DFR-A alleles responsible for failure of anthocyanin production in onions (Allium cepa L.).

Inactivation of the gene coding for dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) is responsible for the color difference between red and yellow onions (Allium cepa L.). Two inactive DFR-A alleles, DFR-A PS and DFR-A DEL , were identified in our previous study. A functional marker was developed on the basis of the premature stop codon that inactivated the DFR-A PS allele. A derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (dCAPS) primer was designed to detect the single nucleotide polymorphism, an A/T transition, which produced the premature stop codon. Digested PCR products clearly distinguished the homozygous and heterozygous red F₂ individuals. Meanwhile, to develop a molecular marker for detection of the DFR-A DEL allele in which entire DFR-A gene was deleted, genome walking was performed and approximately 3 kb 5’ and 3’ flanking sequences of the DFR-A R coding region were obtained. PCR amplification using multiple primers binding to the extended flanking regions showed that more of the extended region of the DFR-A gene was deleted in the DFR-A DEL allele. A dominant simple PCR marker was developed to identify the DFR-A DEL allele using the dissimilar 3’ flanking sequences of the DFR-A gene and homologous DFR-B pseudogene. Distribution of the DFR-A PS and DFR-A DEL alleles in yellow onion cultivars bred in Korea and Japan was surveyed using molecular makers developed in this study. Results showed predominant existence of the DFR-A PS allele in yellow onion cultivars.
Differences in distribution and performance of two sap‐sucking herbivores on glandular and non‐glandular Datura wrightii

1. Datura wrightii Regel (Solanaceae) is polymorphic with regard to trichome type. Some plants are densely covered with short, non‐glandular trichomes, whereas other plants in the same populations possess glandular trichomes that excrete a sticky exudate. The hypothesis that glandular trichomes enhance resistance to all small insect herbivores is evaluated.
Neurocognitive Effects of Hypoxia: A Brief Review

One of the most common ways physicians currently diagnose and assess concussions and concussion recovery is using the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) [1]. This test is a neurocognitive assessment that provides feedback based on categorical norms. It is plausible that the ImPACT, or other similar neurocognitive tests, could be a tool in measuring the effects of hypoxia on cognitive performance. Hypoxia, defined as a low partial pressure of Oxygen in the blood stream, has many similar symptoms to those noted with concussions, namely a significant decrement in cognitive performance [2].
Fatigue and Mood in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients: Results of a Momentary Assessment Protocol Examining Fatigue and Mood Levels and Diurnal Patterns

Examined the overall levels and the diurnal patterns of fatigue, mood, and activities in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients using computer-prompted assessments at random points throughout many days. We hypothesized that levels of fatigue and mood would be different in the groups and that diurnal patterns would also differ by group. Momentary assessment methods avoid many potential biases inherent in retrospective recall techniques. Eight CFS patients and 21 community-dwelling control subjects were randomly prompted between five and six times per day and responded to questions about fatigue, positive affect, negative affect, and the activities they were engaged in at the moment of the prompt. CFS patients participated for 26 days and control subjects participated for 15 days. Compared to the control group, levels of fatigue were higher in the CFS group, yet there were no differences in overall level of positive or negative affect. Strong diurnal patterns of affect were observed for fatigue measures indicating that it was higher in the morning and evening. Diurnal patterns were also observed for mood: Positive affect increased over the day and negative affect decreased. There was very modest support for differential diurnal patterns by group; the effect was only evident for one of the positive affect adjectives. Finally, these results were not diminished when the activities subjects were engaged in at the time of the assessments were controlled.
Impacts of elevated atmospheric CO2 and temperature on plant community structure of a temperate grassland are modulated by cutting frequency

To determine the impacts of climate change and defoliation on the community structure and plant diversity of a semi-natural temperate grassland, monoliths of a permanent grassland were exposed to ambient or elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (ambient + 235 ppmv) and temperature (ambient + 3°C) from October 1998 to December 2000. The monoliths were subjected to two different cutting frequencies, either two or six cuts per year. The grassland community structure changed during the course of the experiment and was more responsive to changes in management than to changes in climate. Increased cutting frequency stimulated plant diversity by enhancing the number of forb species, but plant diversity was not significantly affected by climate change. The contribution of individual plant species to the vegetation cover revealed species-specific responses to climate change and cutting frequency, but for most species significant interactions between climate change and cutting frequency were present. There were no clear-cut effects of treatments on the total annual yield and the proportion of forbs present, as significant interactions between climate change and cutting frequency occurred. It is concluded that differential grassland management will modify plant species-specific responses to climate change and resulting changes in the botanical composition of mixed-species, temperate grasslands.
Tipping

This paper investigates the trading behavior of institutional investors immediately prior to the release of analysts’ initial buy and strong buy recommendations. Using a proprietary database of institutional trading activity from the Plexus Group, we document abnormally high trading volume and abnormally large buying imbalances beginning five days before initial recommendations are publicly released. Furthermore, the magnitude of the trading imbalances are related to variables that are typically associated with positive price responses to initiations, including strong buy recommendations, the analyst being an all-star analyst, and lower prior dispersion in analysts forecasts. We confirm that institutions buying prior to the recommendation release earn positive abnormal trading profits. Taken together, our results suggest that some institutional traders receive tips regarding the contents of forthcoming analysts’ reports. To the extent that brokerage firm clients who benefit from these tips are more likely to direct business to the initiating brokerage firm, tipping provides economic profits to the brokerage that can help defray the cost of analyst information gathering. Thus, while tipping benefits some traders at the expense of others, the welfare consequences of tipping are unclear.
Genetics of grain dormancy in a white wheat

A white-grained wheat accession, AUS1408, is a current major source of pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) tolerance in Australian breeding programs. This study has located 2 significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for its grain dormancy on 4AL and 5BL. Their associations with seed dormancy have been determined from population-level marker-trait associations (with 3 years of phenotype data) and confirmed by transmission/disequilibrium test on selected advanced breeding lines. The 4AL QTL was expressed in all years of testing, with phenotypic variance ranging from 5 to 15%, indicating a strong genotype × environment interaction. This QTL has been reported in wheat cultivars of diverse origin and was also found to be strongly influenced by the environment. The 5BL QTL was found to have a remarkably consistent effect on the trait at a phenotypic variance of around 10%. The successful outcome in this study was facilitated by high throughput DArT mapping, which complemented mapping with microsatellite markers for critical QTL identification. Identification of these QTLs from AUS1408 should enable sprouting tolerance derived from this source to be incorporated into advanced breeding lines, with the use of molecular markers reducing the requirement for multi-year field testing.
Expression of Pseudomonas syringae type III effectors in yeast under stress conditions reveals that HopX1 attenuates activation of the high osmolarity glycerol MAP kinase pathway

The Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) is the causal agent of speck disease in tomato. Pst pathogenicity depends on a type III secretion system that delivers effector proteins into host cells, where they promote disease by manipulating processes to the advantage of the pathogen. Previous studies identified seven Pst effectors that inhibit growth when expressed in yeast under normal growth conditions, suggesting that they interfere with cellular processes conserved in yeast and plants. We hypothesized that effectors also target conserved cellular processes that are required for yeast growth only under stress conditions. We therefore examined phenotypes induced by expression of Pst effectors in yeast grown in the presence of various stressors. Out of 29 effectors tested, five (HopX1, HopG1, HopT1-1, HopH1 and AvrPtoB) displayed growth inhibition phenotypes only in combination with stress conditions. Viability assays revealed that the HopX1 effector caused loss of cell viability under prolonged osmotic stress. Using transcription reporters, we found that HopX1 attenuated the activation of the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which is responsible for yeast survival under osmotic stress, while other MAPK pathways were mildly affected by HopX1. Interestingly, HopX1-mediated phenotypes in yeast were dependent on the putative transglutaminase catalytic triad of the effector. This study enlarges the pool of phenotypes available for the functional analysis of Pst type III effectors in yeast, and exemplifies how analysis of phenotypes detected in yeast under stress conditions can lead to the identification of eukaryotic cellular processes affected by bacterial effectors.
The response of grey seal pups to intradermal phytohaemagglutinin injection

The intradermal injection of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) into the rear flipper web of grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) pups resulted in an acute, dosedependent inflammatory response which was maximal between 12 and 24 hr post injection. The reaction was characterized macroscopically by swelling and, in some individuals, by induration and erythema and microscopically in two animals by a perivascular to diffuse inflammatory cell infiltrate, which comprised of polymorphs and mononuclear cells. In 1991 and 1992 26 weaned pups were injected with 50 and 100 g PHA dissolved in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and of these, 23 individuals responded to both doses. The magnitude of the response was significantly higher at the 100 g dose. No animals responded to control injections of PBS. A second study in 1995 indicated there was also a significant age-related response, which was higher in post (n=16) than in pre-weaned pups (n=19). The magnitude of the response was significantly and linearly related to body mass.
Sparse Representation of a Spatial Sound Field in a Reverberant Environment

This paper investigates sound-field modeling in a realistic reverberant setting. Starting from a few point-like microphone measurements, the goal is to estimate the direct source field within a whole three-dimensional (3-D) space around these microphones. Previous sparse sound field decompositions assumed only a spatial sparsity of the source distribution, but could generally not handle reverberation. We here add an explicit model of the reverberant sound field, that has two components: the first component sparse in the plane-wave domain, the other component low-rank as a multiplication of transfer functions and source signals. We derive the corresponding decomposition algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers. We furthermore provide empirical rules for tuning the two parameters to be set in the algorithm. Numerical and experimental results indicate that the decomposition and reconstruction performances are significantly improved, in the case of reverberant environments.
Combining Radiation with Biological Agents: Focus on the Inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

It has been demonstrated that the inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)– induced signaling leads to decreased cellular proliferation and radiosensitization in-vitro and in-vivo . Th ese ﬁ ndings have led to the investigation of anti-EGFR treatments in combination with radiotherapy for patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer (LRAHNC) as a vast majority of these tumors show high levels of EGFR expression. Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody that blocks EGFR-induced signaling and the combination of cetuximab and radiotherapy has demonstrated a locoregional control and survival advantage compared to radiotherapy alone in patients with LRAHNC.
E-Customization

Customized communications have the potential to reduce information overload and aid customer decisions, and the highly relevant products that result from customization can form the cornerstone of enduring customer relationships. In spite of such potential benefits, few models exist in the marketing literature to exploit the Internet's unique ability to design communications or marketing programs at the individual level. The authors develop a statistical and optimization approach for customization of information on the Internet. The authors use clickstream data from users at one of the top ten most trafficked Web sites to estimate the model and optimize the design and content of such communications for each user. The authors apply the model to the context of permission-based e-mail marketing, in which the objective is to customize the design and content of the e-mail to increase Web site traffic. The analysis suggests that the content-targeting approach can potentially increase the expected number of click-throughs by 62%.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from Eidothea hardeniana, an early Proteaceae

Eidothea hardeniana is a recently discovered rainforest species representing a basal Proteoid genus. It is known from a single location in New South Wales (Australia) with the only other member of the genus, Eidothea zoexylocarya , found in northern Queensland. We developed six microsatellite loci (five cross-transferable) from an (AG) enriched library. The loci produced relatively high levels of diversity within 30 individuals of such a rare species. These microsatellites are now being used to provide new and useful information on the management of the species and on the processes shaping the evolution and persistence of ancient rainforest taxa.
Reduced genetic diversity in Bearded Vultures Gypaetus barbatus in Southern Africa

The Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus occurs throughout its range in small and dwindling population fragments with limited genetic differentiation between populations, suggesting that the species might be managed as a single entity. The numbers of East and Southern African Bearded Vultures included in previous studies were small, so we determine the genetic variation within, evolutionary placement of and connectivity among sub-Saharan African populations. Mitochondrial DNA fragment analyses detected little or no differentiation between populations in Ethiopia and Southern Africa, with reduced haplotype diversity in Southern Africa compared with populations in the Northern Hemisphere. The results inform conservation management of this species globally and locally, and offer guidelines for translocations should populations continue to decline.
Network analysis of scientific collaboration in North Korea

Purpose: Although North Korea invests in scientific research, few selected research results are published to international journals. However, the latest peaceful political developments around North Korea have increased concerns about how they will support international scientific cooperation. This study aims to analyze the scientific collaboration and intellectual structure of North Korean researchers. Methods: We conducted a co-word analysis with author keywords and author names using the Web of Science records for 1976–2018 to observe the changes in research trends in North Korea. The structure of the median centrality of words and the parallel nearest neighbor clustering methods were used to visualize the results. Results: The analysis of 55 final keywords confirms that the corresponding network is composed of 17 sub-clusters under four areas. As a result of the investigation of 56 final author names, the corresponding network is composed of 15 sub-clusters under four areas. Conclusion: As more accurate information is needed about collaboration partners to ensure successful cooperation, this analysis result can support getting an overview of North Korea’s research community and their research network.