Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formulation and Evaluation of Gastroretentive Floating Microspheres of Lafutidine

Background: Gastroretentive floating microsphere containing Lafutidine, a second generation histamine H2–receptor antagonist were prepared by ionotropic gelation technique by using sodium alginate, HPMC K4M, ethyl cellulose as polymers, sodium bicarbonate as gas generating agent and calcium chloride as cross linking agent. Objective: To formulate a system to remain in the stomach for prolonged and predictable period in order to enhance the drug bioavailability. Method: They were evaluated for micromeritic study, percentage yield, drug entrapment efficiency, in-vitro buoyancy, surface morphology, in-vitro drug release, in-vivo floating study and stability studies. Results: The micromeritic parameters of floating microspheres were found to be within the acceptable limits. The particle size of microspheres containing HPMC K4M was found to be in the range 85-312 μm and that of ethyl cellulose containing microspheres was in the range of 167-329 μm. The entrapment efficiency was found to be in the range of 61.5%-79.0%. The floating microspheres were spherical in shape with distinct pores, slightly rough surface when observed under scanning electron microscopy. The percentage yield was found to be in the range of 75%83.72%. The in vitro buoyancy was found to be in the range of 67.3%-87% and a total buoyancy time of more than 10 h. The in vitro dissolution studies showed a cumulative % release in the range of 57.15%-87.43%. The optimized formulation F4 was floating in rabbit stomach for almost 8 h. All the formulations followed KorsemeyerPeppas kinetics indicating drug release by non-fickian release mechanism. The stability studies showed that floating microspheres were stable at 40 ± 2°C. Conclusion: The optimized formula tion showed good floating for 8 h in stomach of rabbit. The formulation was stable at the end of 60 days with stability study.
The impact of screening on the incidence of cervical cancer in England and Wales

Summary. Age‐specific incidence curves for clinical cancer of the cervix in England and Wales show progressive changes over the period 1963–1978; in particular, a large reduction in incidence is seen in the age group 35–54. Since screening on any scale began in the early 1960s, we have investigated how much of this reduction in incidence in the middle age range can be attributed to detection of pre‐invasive disease. Data on registrations of in‐situ cancer have been used to estimate the patterns that might have been observed in the absence of screening. The results indicate clear cohort effects on incidence, with rising rates in the generations born 1906–1921 and since 1931, with a fall in the decade between. In addition to this, screening has probably led to a substantial reduction in the number of cases of clinical cancer in women aged 35–54, but has had little effect over the age of 60 where virtually no screening has been performed. Below age 35 the observed increase in incidence may be considerably less than it would have been in the absence of screening.
Astrocytic Gliotransmitter: Diffusion Dynamics and Induction of Information Processing on Tripartite Synapses

Astrocytes have important functions in the central nervous system (CNS) and are significant in our understanding of the neuronal network. Astrocytes modulate neuronal firings at both single cell level of tripartite synapses and the neuron-glial network level. Astrocytes release adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glutamate into the neuron-glial network. These gliotransmitters diffuse over the network to form long distance signals to regulate neuron firings. In this paper, we study a neuron-glial network model that includes a diffusion of astrocytic ATP and glutamate to investigate how long distance diffusion of the gliotransmitters affects the information processing in a neuronal network. We find that gliotransmitters diffusion can compensate for the failure of information processing of interneuron network firings induced by defectively coupled synapses. Moreover, we find that calcium waves in astrocyte network and firings in interneuron network are both sensitive to the glutamate diffusion rate and feedback intensities of astrocytes on interneurons.
Crystal structure of a putative phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PA4866) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAC1

Introduction. In the genome of P. aeruginosa PAO 1 (http://www.pseudomonas.com/) the gene PA4866 encodes a 172 amino acid protein (pita) belonging to the GCN5 family of acetyl transferases (PF00583). Blast searches reveal similar enzymes in a wide range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. These enzymes are listed either as hypothetical proteins or as putative phosphinothricin acetyl transferases (PAT). PAT is expressed in Streptomyces hygroscopicus and S. viridochromogenes, and catalyzes the acetylation of phosphinothricin, a glutamate analog widely used as a herbicide, which exerts its phytotoxic effect on plants by inhibiting glutamine synthetase. Pita displays 45 and 42% sequence similarity (37 and 35% sequence identity) with the two PAT enzymes, respectively. We now report the crystal structure of this enzyme, as a basis for investigating its function.
Staged Approach for Grammatical Gender Identification of Nouns using Association Rule Mining and Classification

In some languages, gender is a grammatical property of the noun. Grammatical gender identiﬁcation enhances machine translation of such languages. This paper reports a three staged approach for grammatical gender identiﬁcation that makes use of word and morphological features only. A Morphological Analyzer is used to extract the morphological features. In stage one, association rule mining is used to obtain grammatical gender identiﬁcation rules. Classiﬁcation is used at the second stage to identify grammatical gender for nouns that are not covered by grammatical gender identiﬁcation rules obtained in stage one. The third stage combines the results of the two stages to identify the gender. The staged approach has a better precision, recall and F-score compared to machine learning classiﬁers used on complete data set. The approach was tested on Konkani nouns extracted from the Konkani WordNet and an F-Score 0.84 was obtained.
Investments in Web Technologies and Firm Value Effects

This research examines whether investments in web technologies in the mid and late 1990s increased the value of the firm. Although the link between IT investments and shareholders' wealth has not been conclusively proven, recent evidence suggests that IT infrastructure investments are more closely associated with firm value increases than applications investments. We argue that early investments in web technologies, signaled by the initial deployment of a commercial web site, are more comparable to IT infrastructure investments, due to the potential of the web presence to become a platform for firm growth and revenue creation. The introduction of a commercial web site provides the launching pad to support complementary innovations in business processes and products or services, which are likely to affect the locus of value creation in many firms. Using the event study methodology and a sample of over three hundred announcements, we investigate the payoff of establishing a new commercial web presence in the late 1990s. Our results suggest that early investments in web technologies produced significant increases in firm value, and we believe this illustrates the potential of the Internet to change the locus of value creation.
Slow and Fast Light in Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers for Microwave Photonics Applications

The generation of continuously tunable optical delays and tunable phase shifts is a key element in microwave photonics. Among the targeted applications, one can quote the filtering of microwave signals, the synchronization of optoelectronics oscillators, and the control of optically fed phased array antennas. With these applications in view, large efforts are currently done in order to develop delay lines and phase shifters based on slow and fast light effects. To date, one of the most mature approaches for integration in real field systems is that based on Coherent Population Oscillations (CPO) in Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOAs). This approach offers compactness, continuous tunability of the delay or phase shift through injected current control, and possible high-level parallelism. Slow and fast light capability of semiconductor devices has been first studied in the past decade while bearing in mind the delays, the phase shifts and the bandwidth they can offer. Consequently, in a first section, we present the recent advances in architectures based on slow and fast light in SOAs for microwave photonics applications. After a brief introduction about microwave photonics, we present the physical interpretation of the different architectures proposed in the literature. We point out the underlying physics, common to these architectures, and evidence the advantages and drawbacks of each of them. However, within the scope of integration in a realistic radar system, it is also required to study the impact of these slow and fast light architectures on the performances of the microwave photonics link. In particular, the RF transfer function, the generation of spurious signals by harmonic and intermodulation products, and the intensity noise, have to be studied in order to compute the Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR), a key characteristic in microwave photonics. Consequently, in a second section, we present the tools to simulate and understand the RF transfer function, the generation of spurious signals through harmonic distortion and intermodulation products, and the intensity noise at the output of a SOA. In a third section, we use the models presented in the previous part in order to investigate the dynamic range of a microwave photonics link including an architecture based on slow and fast light in SOAs. We focus on the architecture using a SOA followed by an optical filter. The models are experimentally validated and the influence on the microwave photonics link is discussed. 9
Use of 2‐D DIGE analysis reveals altered phosphorylation in a tropomyosin mutant (Glu54Lys) linked to dilated cardiomyopathy

Current electrophoretic methods have not been optimized to fully separate post‐translationally modified mutant forms of tropomyosin (Tm) from wild‐type cardiac samples. We describe here a method employing a modified 2‐D PAGE/2‐D DIGE protocol, to fully separate native, mutant (E54K), and phosphorylated forms of Tm. Our data demonstrate the first evidence of a significant (˜40%) decrease in Tm phosphorylation in transgenic compared to non‐transgenic mouse hearts, and indicate that altered phosphorylation may be a significant factor in the linkage of the E54K mutation to dilated cardiomyopathy.
Video segmentation and classification for content-based storage and retrieval using motion vectors

Video parsing is an important step in content-based indexing techniques, where the input video is decomposed into segments with uniform content. In video parsing detection of scene changes is one of the approaches widely used for extracting key frames from the video sequence. In this paper, an algorithm, based on motion vectors, is proposed to detect sudden scene changes and gradual scene changes (camera movements such as panning, tilting and zooming). Unlike some of the existing schemes, the proposed scheme is capable of detecting both sudden and gradual changes in uncompressed, as well as, compressed domain video. It is shown that the resultant motion vector can be used to identify and classify gradual changes due to camera movements. Results show that algorithm performed as well as the histogram-based schemes, with uncompressed video. The performance of the algorithm was also investigated with H.263 compressed video. The detection and classification of both sudden and gradual scene changes was successfully demonstrated.
Knowledge Representation: An AI Perspective

Most researchers to date in artificial intelligence has been based on the knowledge representation hypothesis, that is, the assumption that in any artificial intelligence (AI) programme there is a separate module which represents the information that the programme has about the world. As a result, a number of so-called knowlege representation formalisms have been developed for representing this kind of information in a computer. This text discusses the most popular knowledge representation languages - logic, production rules, semantics (networked and frames), and also provides a short introduction to AI systems that combine various knowledge representation languages. The knowlege representation hypothesis has been challenged by the re-emergence of a new style of computing, variously called parallel distributed processing, connectionism, or neural networks. These approaches are discussed in a separate chapter, and the arguments in favour of and against parallel distributed processing are reviewed.
Implementation of Human detection system using DM3730

: In this paper, we describe implementation of human detection system that detects the presence of humans in the static images on DM3730 processor to optimize the algorithms for high performance. The purpose of such a model is to monitor surveillance cameras continuously where it is difficult for human operators. Human bodies are non-rigid and highly articulated hence detecting human bodies based on appearance is more difficult than detecting other objects. Human detector usually includes learning phase and detection phase. In the learning phase, Support Vector Machine (SVM) learning will be done using Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) feature vectors of training data set. Training data set consists of positive (human) and negative (non-human) images. In the detection phase, Human/non-human classification will be done on the test image based on SVM classifier. The algorithms are benchmarked on the BeagleBoard xM based on low-power Texas Instruments (TI) DM3730 ARM Cortex-A8 processor. Functions and library in OpenCV which developed by Intel Corporation was utilized for building the human tracking algorithms.
LCL filter design for photovoltaic grid connected systems

The use of power converters is very important in maximizing the power transfer from solar energy to the utility grid. A LCL filter is often used to interconnect an inverter to the utility grid in order to filter the harmonics produced by the inverter. This paper deal design methodology of a LCL filter topology to connect à inverter to the grid, an application of filter design is reported with m-file in Matlab.
3LB-LEX: léxico verbal con frames sintáctico-semánticos

La creacion de lexicos (verbales) computacionales es larga y costosa. A partir de los corpora creados en el proyecto 3LB se deriva un lexico verbal con informacion sintactica y semantica (synsets de EWN). A partir de esa informacion se describe la correspondencia entre funciones sintacticas y papeles tematicos para cada sentido de cada verbo. El ultimo paso sera el etiquetado de los corpora con papeles tematicos. Como resultado, los corpora de 3LB se habran enriquecido con el etiquetado de papeles tematicos y el lexico verbal con los frames semanticos
Mechanism of heterosynaptic facilitation in the giant cell of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia depilans.

In certain cells in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia depilans, a small excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP), produced by a weak stimulus to one pathway (test stimulus), underwent a prolonged facilitation when it was paired several times with a very strong stimulus to a second pathway (priming stimulus). In some cells this heterosynaptic facilitation was dependent upon the concomitant pairing of the two stimuli; in the right upper-quadrant giant cell the facilitation was independent of pairing (Kandel & Tauc, 1965). The stimulus parameters for optimal heterosynaptic facilitation in the giant cell were analysed in the preceding paper (Kandel & Tauc, 1965). The analysis of the mechanism underlying this facilitation is presented in this paper. This analysis was facilitated by the reliable identification of the right upperquadrant giant cell, as well as its large size (300-800 ,u). A preliminary note on this work has already been published (Kandel & Tauc, 1964).
Classification of binary random patterns

In various pattern-recognition problems such as classification of photographic data, preprocessing operations result in a two-dimensional array of binary random variables. An optimal recipe for classifying such patterns is described. It combines the use of an orthonormal expansion for the logarithm of probability functions, with the generation of a joint probability distribution from lower-order marginals. The unwieldy nature of the optimal recipe leads to the consideration of dependence represented by a Markov chain and a two-dimensional analog called a Markov mesh. The Markov chain has a "reflecting" property in that the r th order nonstationary chain implies that a point depends on its r nearest neighbors on each side. By scanning along a grid-filling curve so that the 2r neighbors of a point are geometrically close to it, certain spatial dependencies are obtained. The grid-filling curves are sequences of functions which have Hilbert "space-filling" curves as their limit. This simple approach does not provide for many of the spatial dependencies that should be considered. A novel extension of Markov chain methods into two dimensions leads to the Markov mesh which economically takes care of a much larger class of spatial dependencies. Likelihood ratio classification based on Markov chain and Markov mesh assumptions requires the estimation of a much smaller number of parameters than the general case. The development presented in this paper is new and need not be restricted to binary variables.
Test of the linearity of quantum mechanics by rf spectroscopy of the 9Be+ ground state.

The agreement between quantum-mechanical predictions and experiments has so firmly established the validity of quantum mechanics that we might question the need for further tests. For example, the observed energy levels of hydrogen are in excellent agreement with quantum-mechanical predictions. However, to a large extent this agreement can be regarded more as a test of the specific Hamiltonian used, than of quantum mechanics itself. It should be possible to test the basic framework of quantum mechanics independently of and to much greater accuracy than that provided by such specific predictions. Recently, Weinberg1 has formulated a general framework which introduces nonlinear corrections to quantum mechanics and enables such a test. He suggested that a sensitive test could be made for the presence of such a nonlinearity by slowly driving a resonant transition which transfers a quantum system from one state to another. The effect of the nonlinearity is to make the effective resonance frequency a function of the state probabilities. Thus, the resonance frequency changes as the quantum system is driven from one state to the other, and the applied perturbation (assumed to be monochromatic) cannot stay in resonance through the entire transition. The system will never be driven completely to the other state. This effect would not be observed, that is, the transition could still be driven, if the maximum frequency shift were much less than 1/T. Here, T is the time required to drive the transition if there is no nonlinearity.
Effects of growth and exercise on composition, structural maturation and appearance of osteoarthritis in articular cartilage of hamsters

Articular cartilage composition and structure are maintained and remodeled by chondrocytes under the influence of loading. Exercise‐induced changes in the composition, structure, mechanical properties and tissue integrity of growing and aging hamster articular cartilage were investigated. Articular cartilage samples (n = 191) were harvested from the proximal tibiae of hamsters aged 1, 3, 6, 12 and 15 months. The hamsters were divided into runners and controls. The runners had free access to a running wheel between 1 and 3 months (runner groups 3‐, 12‐ and 15‐month‐old hamsters) or 1 and 6 months (runner group 6‐month‐old hamsters) of age. Control animals were subjected to a sedentary lifestyle. Mechanical indentation tests and depth‐wise compositional and structural analyses were performed for the cartilage samples. Furthermore, the integrity of articular cartilage was assessed using histological osteoarthritis grading. Exercise affected the collagen network organization after a 5‐month exercise period, especially in the middle and deep zones. However, no effect on the mechanical properties was detected after exercise. Before the age of 12 months, the runners showed less osteoarthritis than the controls, whereas at 15 months of age the situation was reversed. It is concluded that, in hamsters, physical exercise at a young age enhances cartilage maturation and alters the depth‐wise cartilage structure and composition. This may be considered beneficial. However, exercise at a young age demonstrated adverse effects on cartilage at a later age with a significant increase in the incidence of osteoarthritis.
Direct measurement of synchronization between femtosecond laser pulses and a 3 GHz radio frequency electric field inside a resonant cavity

We demonstrate a method to measure synchronization between femtosecond laser pulses and the electric field inside a resonant 3 GHz radio frequency (RF) cavity. The method utilizes the Pockels effect in a crystal inside the RF cavity by measuring the retardation of the components of polarization as a function of RF phase. Resolution of the setup used is shown to be 29 ± 2 fs (root-mean-square, rms), with timing jitter between the laser pulses and the RF field inside the cavity of 96 ± 7 fs (rms). The method provides a tool to reduce jitter and improve time-resolution in ultrafast electron diffraction experiments.