Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Bimonthly Supplementation With Oral Cholecalciferol on Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents

OBJECTIVE. Vitamin D insufficiency occurs commonly in HIV-infected youth in the United States. In light of the importance of vitamin D for skeletal and nonskeletal health, including innate immunity, developing methods for improving vitamin D status in HIV-infected children and adolescents is an important area of clinical research. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of administration of oral cholecalciferol, 100000 IU every 2 months, and 1 g/day calcium on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, serum and urine calcium, and HIV disease progression during a 12-month period. METHODS. HIV-infected children and adolescents who were aged 6 to 16 years were randomly assigned to receive vitamin D (100000 IU bimonthly) and calcium (1 g/day; n = 29) or double placebo (n = 27). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations as measured by radioimmunoassay, albumin-corrected calcium concentrations, and spot urinary calcium-creatinine ratios were determined monthly. RESULTS. No abnormalities in serum calcium concentration were observed. One participant who received placebo developed hypercalciuria. No group differences were seen in the change in CD4 count or CD4% or viral load during 12 months. The overall mean monthly serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were higher in the group that received vitamin D and calcium than in the placebo group, as was the monthly serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D area under the curve. After completing 12 months of study, 2 (6.7%) participants in the group that received vitamin D and calcium had a trough serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration <20 ng/mL compared with 14 (50%) in the placebo group. Twelve (44.4%) in the group that received vitamin D and calcium had a trough serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration of ≥30 ng/mL compared with 3 (11.1%) in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS. Administration of oral cholecalciferol to HIV-infected children and adolescents at a dosage of 100000 IU every 2 months, together with 1 g/day calcium, is safe and results in significant increases in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations.
Adaptive Reading and Writing Instruction in iSTART and W-Pal

Intelligent tutoring systems for ill-defined domains, such as reading and writing, are critically needed, yet uncommon. Two such systems, the Interactive Strategy Training for Active Reading and Thinking (iSTART) and Writing Pal (W-Pal) use natural language processing (NLP) to assess learners’ written (i.e., typed) responses and provide immediate, accurate feedback. The current paper reports on efforts to implement adaptive instruction and task selection into both systems. In iSTART, we developed a new practice module, in which learners’ past performance data governs two adaptive functionalities: 1) the use of self-explanation scaffolding and 2) the increase or decrease of difficulty of practice texts. In W-Pal, adaptivity is implemented by triggering targeted instructional support on the basis of deficits identified in learners’ essays. In this paper, we describe the need for adaptive reading and writing instruction, along with the de-sign and development of adaptivity in the two systems.
Enhanced Control and Operation of DFIG-Based Wind Farms During Network Unbalance

This paper investigates the control and operation of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind generation systems under unbalanced voltage conditions. DFIG system behaviors under unbalanced voltage are analyzed and different control targets are discussed. A new rotor current control strategy containing a main controller and an auxiliary controller is proposed. The main controller is implemented in the positive (dq)+ frame without involving positive/negative sequence decomposition, whereas the auxiliary controller is implemented in the negative (dq)- frame with negative sequence current extracted. The impact of providing unbalanced control on converter voltage rating is investigated. Simulation results using EMTDC/PSCAD are presented for a 2-MW DFIG wind generation system to validate the proposed control scheme and to demonstrate the enhanced system operation during ldquosmallrdquo steady state and ldquolargerdquo transient unbalances.
Optimised Multi-stage TCP Traffic Classifier Based on Packet Size Distributions

Since it is believed that the distribution patterns of different applications are distinct over a period of time, many researchers have proposed that packet size distributions can be used for classifying network traffic flows. However, Nagle's algorithm coalesces TCP packets, transferring as many bytes as possible per packet. This masks the characteristics of application behaviour, making the identification of traffic more difficult. Packet length distributions also deteriorated due to an overwhelming number of maximum transmission unit (MTU) packets. This paper presents an approach for optimising the classification, using multiple classifiers to handle classes separately. Meanwhile, the size of the classifying window is also discussed in order to find the best detection periods in the time domain. The experimental results confirmed that, the proposed system has higher accuracy and enables earlier classification of TCP traffic.
Learning the High-Dimensional Immunogenomic Features That Predict Public and Private Antibody Repertoires

Recent studies have revealed that immune repertoires contain a substantial fraction of public clones, which may be defined as Ab or TCR clonal sequences shared across individuals. It has remained unclear whether public clones possess predictable sequence features that differentiate them from private clones, which are believed to be generated largely stochastically. This knowledge gap represents a lack of insight into the shaping of immune repertoire diversity. Leveraging a machine learning approach capable of capturing the high-dimensional compositional information of each clonal sequence (defined by CDR3), we detected predictive public clone and private clone–specific immunogenomic differences concentrated in CDR3’s N1–D–N2 region, which allowed the prediction of public and private status with 80% accuracy in humans and mice. Our results unexpectedly demonstrate that public, as well as private, clones possess predictable high-dimensional immunogenomic features. Our support vector machine model could be trained effectively on large published datasets (3 million clonal sequences) and was sufficiently robust for public clone prediction across individuals and studies prepared with different library preparation and high-throughput sequencing protocols. In summary, we have uncovered the existence of high-dimensional immunogenomic rules that shape immune repertoire diversity in a predictable fashion. Our approach may pave the way for the construction of a comprehensive atlas of public mouse and human immune repertoires with potential applications in rational vaccine design and immunotherapeutics.
Rotating kernel transformation based edge detection using adaptive threshold

Edge detection is the first step in many computer vision applications. Edge detection significantly reduces the amount of data and filters out unwanted or insignificant information and gives the significant structural information of an image. We proposed an edge detection algorithm using weighted kernels with adaptive threshold values. Instead of using a constant threshold value we use dynamic threshold value based on local image information and the kernel used. It was observed from the experimental results that our proposed algorithm produces better results for the real time images having non uniform intensity regions minimizing the false positive and false negative edges.
Qualitative Analysis of Aphid and Primary Parasitoid Trophic Relations of Genus Alloxysta (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae: Charipinae)

ABSTRACT Charipinae hyperparasitoids affect effectiveness of the primary parasitoids of aphids by decreasing their abundance and modifying their behavior. As a result, increase of aphid populations can cause severe yield losses in some crops. Therefore, ecological studies on the subfamily Charipinae have a great economical and biological importance. Host specificity of these hyperparasitoids is still under debate and for many Charipinae species very little is known about their trophic relations. Here, we give a comprehensive overview of the trophic relationships between the Charipinae species of the genus Alloxysta Förster and their aphid and primary parasitoids hosts, worldwide. Within this subfamily, Alloxysta arcuata (Kieffer), Alloxysta brevis (Thomson), Alloxysta fuscicornis (Hartig), and Alloxysta victrix (Westwood) are the most generalist species sharing many aphid hosts, while for primary parasitoid hosts these are A. arcuata, A. brevis, Alloxysta pleuralis (Cameron), and A. victrix. Alloxysta citripes (Thomson), Alloxysta halterata (Thomson), Alloxysta leunisii (Hartig), and Alloxysta ramulifera (Thomson) appear, up to now, as the most specialized in relation to the primary parasitoid hosts. Primary parasitoids of the genera Aphidius Nees, Lysiphlebus Förster, Praon Haliday, and Trioxys Haliday are the most common hosts for Alloxysta species, and the common host aphid species belong to the genera Aphis L. , Uroleucon Mordvilko, Myzus Passerini, and Sitobion Mordvilko. Host range is analyzed for each Alloxysta species, as well as the extent of overlap between them. We used Jaccard's distance and a hierarchical cluster analysis to determine the host range dissimilarity. A permutation test has been applied to analyze if the host range dissimilarity is significantly different from what is expected by chance. We have calculated additional qualitative measures that complement well the Alloxysta niche overlap analysis and evaluated their host specificity using different indices and bipartite networks.
New t‐butyl based aspartate protecting groups preventing aspartimide formation in Fmoc SPPS

Obtaining homogenous aspartyl‐containing peptides via Fmoc/tBu chemistry is often an insurmountable obstacle. A generic solution for this issue utilising an optimised side‐chain protection strategy that minimises aspartimide formation would therefore be most desirable. To this end, we developed the following new derivatives: Fmoc‐Asp(OEpe)‐OH (Epe = 3‐ethyl‐3‐pentyl), Fmoc‐Asp(OPhp)‐OH (Php = 4‐n‐propyl‐4‐heptyl) and Fmoc‐Asp(OBno)‐OH (Bno = 5‐n‐butyl‐5‐nonyl). We have compared their effectiveness against that of Fmoc‐Asp(OtBu)‐OH and Fmoc‐Asp(OMpe)‐OH in the well‐established scorpion toxin II model peptide variants H‐Val‐Lys‐Asp‐Asn/Arg‐Tyr‐Ile‐OH by treatments of the peptidyl resins with the Fmoc removal reagents containing piperidine and DBU at both room and elevated temperatures. The new derivatives proved to be extremely effective in minimising aspartimide by‐products in each application. Copyright © 2015 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Approximation of unbiased convex classification error rate estimator

Convex classification error rate estimator is described as weighted combination of the low-biased estimator and the high-biased estimator. If the underlying data model is known, the coefficients (weights) can be optimized so that the bias and root-mean-square error of the estimator is minimized. However, in most situations, data model is unknown. In this paper we propose a new error estimation method, based on approximation of unbiased convex error rate estimator. Experiments with real world and synthetic data sets show that common error estimation methods, such as resubstitution, repeated 10-foldcross-validation, leave-one-out and random subsampling are outperformed (in terms of root-mean-square error) by the proposed method. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.itc. 45.2. 12052
Exchange-correlation potentials for spin-polarized systems at finite temperatures.

The exchange and correlation contributions to the thermodynamic free energy and the corresponding exchange-correlation potential (V xcσ ) are evaluated for a spin-polarized electron gas over a wide range of temperatures and densities. The exchange-correlation potential is parameterized for easy usage in local-spin-density calculations. The result indicates that for t≤0.15 (t=T/T F ), the temperature dependence of V xcσ is negligibly small. The effects of the spin polarization are most significant for t xc for an unpolarized system agree well with those of a previous calculation by Perrot and Dharma-wardana.
BENZOTRIAZOLES AND BENZOTHIAZOLES IN A WWTP IN GREECE : OCCURRENCE , AND REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES

Despite the widespread use of benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles and the occurrence of these compounds in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), no earlier study has comprehensively examined their fate in WWTPs. In this study, an integrated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI(+)MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of four benzotriazoles and four benzothiazoles in dissolved and particulate phases of wastewater (raw and treated), and in dewatered sewage sludge. The target benzotriazoles (BTRs) were 1H-benzotriazole, 1hydroxy-benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, and xylyltriazole (or 5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzotriazole), and the target benzothiazoles (BTHs) were benzothiazole, 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole, 2methylthio-benzothiazole, and 2-amino-benzothiazole. The method was applied in the analysis of wastewater and sludge samples from the WWTP in Athens, Greece. All target chemicals were detected in wastewater samples, and in some cases the concentrations were significant, on the order of a few μg/L. In sludge samples, benzothiazole and tolyltriazole were present at the highest concentrations (174 and 116 ng/g dw, respectively). For benzotriazole and tolyltriazole, the removal efficiency was below 68%, and for benzothiazoles, the removal efficiency was greater than 64% in the activated sludge treatment process. Both BTRs and BTHs showed low solid-liquid distribution coefficients.
The effect of treating with anti‐interleukin‐1 receptor antibody on the course of experimental murine cutaneous leishmaniasis

To assess the role of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) in cutaneous leishmaniasis, Leishmania major‐infected mice were treated with an anti‐IL‐1 receptor monoclonal antibody, LA‐15.6. MoAb LA‐15.6 prevents binding of IL‐1 to both the T cell and B cell/macrophage forms of the IL‐1 receptor. We found that treating with LA 15.6 inhibited the development of cutaneous lesions of L. major in both genetically‐susceptible and resistant mice. Interestingly, this treatment had little or no effect on parasite numbers in the lesions or on the cytokines (interferon‐gamma, interleukin‐4) that the animals produced in response to infection with the parasite. These results suggest that although IL‐1 plays a detrimental role in cutaneous leishmaniasis, it does not mediate this effect by altering the parasite‐specific T cell response.
Cell Cycle Inhibition by FoxO Forkhead Transcription Factors Involves Downregulation of Cyclin D

ABSTRACT The FoxO forkhead transcription factors FoxO4 (AFX), FoxO3a (FKHR.L1), and FoxO1a (FKHR) represent important physiological targets of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB) signaling. Overexpression or conditional activation of FoxO factors is able to antagonize many responses to constitutive PI3K/PKB activation including its effect on cellular proliferation. It was previously shown that the FoxO-induced cell cycle arrest is partially mediated by enhanced transcription and protein expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1 (R. H. Medema, G. J. Kops, J. L. Bos, and B. M. Burgering, Nature 404:782-787, 2000). Here we have identified a p27kip1-independent mechanism that plays an important role in the antiproliferative effect of FoxO factors. Forced expression or conditional activation of FoxO factors leads to reduced protein expression of the D-type cyclins D1 and D2 and is associated with an impaired capacity of CDK4 to phosphorylate and inactivate the S-phase repressor pRb. Downregulation of D-type cyclins involves a transcriptional repression mechanism and does not require p27kip1 function. Ectopic expression of cyclin D1 can partially overcome FoxO factor-induced cell cycle arrest, demonstrating that downregulation of D-type cyclins represents a physiologically relevant mechanism of FoxO-induced cell cycle inhibition.
Options for Auditory Training for Adults with Hearing Loss

Abstract Hearing aid devices alone do not adequately compensate for sensory losses despite significant technological advances in digital technology. Overall use rates of amplification among adults with hearing loss remain low, and overall satisfaction and performance in noise can be improved. Although improved technology may partially address some listening problems, auditory training may be another alternative to improve speech recognition in noise and satisfaction with devices. The literature underlying auditory plasticity following placement of sensory devices suggests that additional auditory training may be needed for reorganization of the brain to occur. Furthermore, training may be required to acquire optimal performance from devices. Several auditory training programs that are readily accessible for adults with hearing loss, hearing aids, or cochlear implants are described. Programs that can be accessed via Web-based formats and smartphone technology are reviewed. A summary table is provided for easy access to programs with descriptions of features that allow hearing health care providers to assist clients in selecting the most appropriate auditory training program to fit their needs.
Entity relatedness for retrospective analyses of global events

Tracking global events through time would ease many diachronic analyses which are currently carried out manually by social scientists. While entity linking algorithms can be adapted to track events that go by a common name, such a name is often not established in early stages leading up to the event. This study evaluates the utility of entity relatedness for the task of identifying related entities and textual resources that describe the involvement of the entity in the event. In a small study we find that simple relatedness methods obtain MAP score of 0.74 outperforming many advanced baseline systems such as Stics and Wiki2Vec. A small adaptation of this method provides sufficient explanations of entity involvement or 68% of relevant entities.
Comprehensive model for simultaneous pricing of active and reactive power based on marginal cost theory

In this paper, a comprehensive problem for calculating active and reactive spot prices based on short run marginal cost theory is presented. In order to calculate marginal costs, an optimal power flow, including objective function and constraints, is solved, that is real and reactive power dispatch so as to minimize total operating cost of utilities, subject to the operational constraints. The goal of this paper is to complete the formulations which were proposed in literature. Therefore, the formulation adopts a synchronous generators steady-state model with nonlinear reactive power limits and two kinds of load modeling. The model is solved for five-bus and IEEE 30-bus test systems using the high-level programming platform GAMS and nonlinear programming solver MINOS. Furthermore, the effects of network constraints and power market parameters such as profit rate, on the marginal prices, have been investigated in detail.
GnRH antagonist, cetrorelix, for pituitary suppression in modern, patient-friendly assisted reproductive technology

Background: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues are used routinely to prevent a premature luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments. In contrast to GnRH agonists, antagonists produce rapid and reversible suppression of LH with no initial flare effect. Objective: To review the role of cetrorelix, the first GnRH antagonist approved for the prevention of premature LH surges during controlled ovarian stimulation in modern ART. Method: A review of published literature on cetrorelix. Results: Both multiple- and single-dose cetrorelix protocols were shown to be at least as effective as long GnRH agonist regimens for pituitary suppression in Phase II/III clinical trials. Furthermore, cetrorelix co-treatment resulted in similar live birth rates but a shorter duration of gonadotropin stimulation, a lower total gonadotropin dose requirement and lower incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome compared with long agonist regimens. A single-dose cetrorelix protocol further decreased the number of injections required. Preliminary studies have also produced promising data on the use of cetrorelix in modified ART protocols, such as frozen embryo transfer and donor oocyte recipient cycles. Conclusion: Cetrorelix offers a potential therapeutic alternative to GnRH agonists during controlled ovarian stimulation and has become an integral part of modern, patient-friendly reproductive medicine.
Gray‐matter relationships to diagnostic and transdiagnostic features of drug and behavioral addictions

Alterations in neural structure have been reported in both cocaine‐use disorder and gambling disorder, separately, suggesting similarities across addiction diagnoses. Individual variation in neural structure has also been associated with impulsivity, a dimensional construct implicated in addictions. This study combines categorical (diagnosis‐based) and dimensional (transdiagnostic) approaches to identify neural structural alterations linked to addiction subtypes and trait impulsivity, respectively, across individuals with gambling disorder (n = 35), individuals with cocaine‐use disorder (n = 37) and healthy comparison individuals (n = 37). High‐resolution T1‐weighted data were analyzed using modulated voxel‐based morphometry (VBM). Statistical analyses were conducted using whole‐brain general‐linear models, corrected for family‐wise error (pFWE < .05). Categorical analyses indicated a main effect of diagnostic group on prefrontal (dorsal anterior cingulate and ventromedial prefrontal cortex) gray matter volumes (GMVs), involving decreased GMVs among cocaine‐use disorder participants only. Dimensional analyses indicated a negative association between trait impulsivity and cortical (insula) and subcortical (amygdala and hippocampus) GMVs across all participants. Conjunction analysis indicated little anatomical overlap between regions identified as differentiating diagnostic groups and regions covarying with impulsivity. These data provide first evidence of neural structural differences between gambling disorder and an illicit substance‐use disorder. They further indicate dissociable effects of diagnostic groupings and trait impulsivity on neural structure among individuals with behavioral and drug addictions. Study findings highlight the importance of considering both categorical and dimensional (e.g. Research Domain Criteria; RDoC) analysis approaches within the context of addictions research.
The effectiveness of nurse-led telephone follow-up in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus/Tip 2 diabetes mellitus hastalarinda telefonla hemsire takibinin etkileri

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nurse telephone calls on glycemic parameters and adherence to diabetes control recommendations. Materials and Methods: The intervention was applied to 35 patients with type 2 diabetes for 12 weeks and consisted of continued education and reinforcement of diet, exercise, medication adherence recommendations. The intervention was performed once a week for the first month and once every two weeks for the following months. Conclusion: This study indicates that a nurse telephone intervention may improve glycemic parameters as well as diet, exercise, and medication adherence. Turk Jem 2010; 14: 1-5