Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Freshwater Classification Approach for Biodiversity Conservation Planning

Abstract: Freshwater biodiversity is highly endangered and faces increasing threats worldwide. To be complete, regional plans that identify critical areas for conservation must capture representative components of freshwater biodiversity as well as rare and endangered species. We present a spatially hierarchical approach to classify freshwater systems to create a coarse filter to capture representative freshwater biodiversity in regional conservation plans. The classification framework has four levels that we described using abiotic factors within a zoogeographic context and mapped in a geographic information system. Methods to classify and map units are flexible and can be automated where high‐quality spatial data exist, or can be manually developed where such data are not available. Products include a spatially comprehensive inventory of mapped and classified units that can be used remotely to characterize regional patterns of aquatic ecosystems. We provide examples of classification procedures in data‐rich and data‐poor regions from the Columbia River Basin in the Pacific Northwest of North America and the upper Paraguay River in central South America. The approach, which has been applied in North, Central, and South America, provides a relatively rapid and pragmatic way to account for representative freshwater biodiversity at scales appropriate to regional assessments.
Effect of Organic Manure in the Induction of Resistance of Citrus to Phytophthora parasitica

Gummosis and root rot caused by Phytophthora are among the most economically important diseases in Citrus . Chemical control has been used; however, it is essential to search for new alternatives for its control. This study aimed to: (i) produce an organic compound from the anaerobic fermentation of cattle manure, (ii) determine the microbial diversity present in the compound, (iii) determine the effect of compound on mycelial growth of Phytophthora parasitica ( P . nicotianae ), (iv) evaluate its effect in inducing resistance to the pathogen in five Citrus rootstocks and, (v) evaluate the expression profile of some defense-related genes in resistant plants of Poncirus trifoliata and susceptible plants of Caipira sweet orange. The largest microbial population occurred between 25 and 35 days after production of organic manure with predominance of Bacillus spp. The organic manure at concentration of 20% inhibited about 80% of the mycelial growth of P. parasitica . Plants of Caipira sweet orange (susceptible to P. parasitica ) when treated with organic manure at all concentrations (10, 20 and 50%), had lower disease severity when compared with the respective control. The analysis of gene expression suggested that the combination of treatment followed by inoculation with the pathogen in plants of Caipira sweet orange, the susceptible genotype, was able to increase the expression level of the genes encoding chitinase ( CHI ), lipoxygenase ( LOX ), peroxidase ( POX ), B-1,3-glucanase and chalcone synthase ( CHS ). It is believed that they should be involved with the resistance of Citrus plants to P. parasitica .
Virtual Reality and Identity Crisis—: Implications for Individuals and Organizations

Identity has become one of the single most important issues for human development and adjustment in today’s turbulent times. Virtual world is changing the interface of identification and communication. Virtual reality has recently emerged as an effective tool to extend a healing space for an alternative identity. The focus of this chapter is on the challenges faced by the young generation, which is struggling to understand its “identity. ” The exploration of identity in such virtual environments may be a search for a ‘unitary’ construct about the self (Erikson, 1968). In this paper, the concept of “identity” and “identity crisis” and the potential challenges identified in the real and virtual world are discussed at length. In today’s world people are pulled in different directions, thanks to the different kinds of societal demands from family, friends and society. It becomes difficult to find a uniqueness of one’s self and yet able to fulfill the norms and parameters set up by the society. Respect for diversity of self would go a long way in allowing people to be “uniquely themselves” while belonging to a community. Healthy “crisis” or exploration can afford people the opportunity to knowledgeably investigate choices in which there is positive meaning with regard to where they have come from, where they presently exist, and where they envision their future to be (International Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, 2008). An attempt to explore the identity management and identity statuses has also been made to understand “real” and “virtual reality. ” Identity crisis and psychosocial moratorium’s linkage (Erikson, 1963) to virtual reality have also been touched upon. An understanding of organizational identity with the individual identity. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60960-581-0.ch013
A novel semisupervised SVM classifier based on active learning and 1 context information  2

This paper proposes a novel semisupervised support vector machine classifier (S 3 VM) based 6 on active learning (AL) and context information to solve the problem where the number of labeled 7 samples is insufficient. Firstly, a new semisupervised learning (SSL) method is designed using AL to 8 select unlabeled samples as the semilabled samples, then the context information is exploited to further 9 expand the selected samples and relabel them, along with the labeled samples train S 3 VM classifier. 10 Next, a new query function is designed to enhance the reliability of the classification results by using 11 the Euclidean distance between the samples. Finally, in order to enhance the robustness of the proposed 12 algorithm, a fusion method is designed. Several experiments on change detection are performed by 13 considering some real remote sensing images. The results show that the proposed algorithm in 14 comparison with other algorithms can significantly improve the detection accuracy and achieve a fast 15 convergence in addition to verify the effectiveness of the fusion method developed in this paper. 16
Effect of generalist insect herbivores on introduced Lepidium draba (Brassicaceae): implications for the enemy release hypothesis

The enemy release hypothesis (ERH) states that decreased regulation by natural enemies allows plants to increase in distribution, abundance and vigour following their introduction into an exotic range. Invasive plants rarely escape herbivory entirely, and for hoary cress [Lepidium draba L. (Brassicaceae)] it has been demonstrated that generalist insect abundance is greater in its introduced North American range than in the native European range. We assessed the role of increased generalist herbivory on hoary cress using representatives of four important herbivore niches commonly found in the introduced range. We experimentally examined the density dependent impact of these herbivores individually and in combination on hoary cress in a series of greenhouse experiments. We found that defoliation of the oligophagous diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep., Plutellidae) had the strongest and most consistent impact, while damage by the stem‐mining weevil Ceutorhynchus americanus Buchanan (Col., Curculionidae) tended to have the highest per capita effect. Plant response to feeding by the oligophagous crucifer flea beetle Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (Col., Chrysomelidae) was minor despite obvious feeding damage, and the impact of the polyphagous tarnished plant bug Lygus hesperus Knight (Het., Miridae) was negligible. In multiple‐species experiments, herbivore impacts were usually additive. In general, we found that hoary cress can tolerate high densities of oligophagous insect herbivory and effectively resisted attack by the polyphagous L. hesperus, but also the oligophagous C. americanus. Our results indicate that a combination of plant resistance and tolerance allows hoary cress to withstand increased generalist herbivore load in its introduced range, consistent with the predictions of the ERH.
Design of Approximate Circuits by Fabrication of False Timing Paths: The Carry Cut-Back Adder

This paper introduces a novel method for designing approximate circuits by fabricating and exploiting false timing paths, i.e., critical paths that cannot be logically activated. This allows to strongly relax timing constraints while guaranteeing minimal and controlled behavioral change. This technique is applied to an approximate adder architecture, called the Carry Cut-Back Adder (CCBA), in which high-significance stages can cut the carry propagation chain at lower-significance positions. This lightweight approach prevents the logic activation of the carry chain, improving performance and energy efficiency while guaranteeing low worst-case errors. A design methodology is presented along with implementation, error optimization, and design-space minimization. The CCBA is proven capable of extremely high accuracy while displaying significant circuit savings. For a worst case precision of 99.999%, energy savings up to 36% are demonstrated compared with exact adders. Finally, an industry-oriented comparison of 32-bit approximate and truncated adders is carried out for mean and worst-case relative errors. The CCBA outperforms both state-of-the-art and truncated adders for high-accuracy and low-power circuits, confirming the interest of the proposed concept to help building highly-efficient approximate or precision-scalable hardware accelerators.
Understanding the Regioselectivity and Reactivity of β-Himachalene Using Zeroual Function as a new Regioselectivity Descriptor

In this work we used density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP/6-31G*(d) to study the stoichiometric reaction between the β-himachalene and dibromocarbene. We have shown that β-himachalene behaves as a nucleophile, while dibromocarbene behaves as an electrophile; that the chemical potential of dibromocarbene is superior to that of β-himachalene in absolute terms; and that β-himachalene reacts with an equivalent quantity of dibromocarbene to produce only one products P1: (1S,3R,8S) -2,2- dibromo -3,7,7,10
KNOCKING OUT HCV RNA REPLICATION BY RNA INTERFERENCE

Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a serious problem of chronic liver disease. It may lead to development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therapy used to treat patients with chronic HCV infection includes treatment with interferon either on its own or in combination with ribavirin. Some infection cases do not respond to treatment and an alternative treatment is mandatory. Method: RNA interference (RNAi) is an antiviral mechanism which is present in plants that induces double-stranded RNA degradation. Oligonucleotides corresponding to different parts of the HCV NS3 coding region were ligated into pSUPER, and expressed as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) after transfection. Results: Fluorescent Activated Cell Staining (FACS), northern blotting, Western blotting, and Real Time-PCR demonstrated that one of these siRNAs was able to ablate HCV RNA by RNAi. Conclusion: RNAi may represent a new approach for the treatment of HCV infection.
The Pathological Gambler and his Spouse: How do their Narratives Match?

This case study compares the narratives of a pathological gambler and his spouse concerning family, marital and individual matters. It does so through identifying each of the key players' narratives individually (analysis of self-report questionnaires) and interactively (couples therapy sessions analysis). The results show that the gambler has a rather more positive view of gambling-related issues than does his spouse, and this fact is most apparent when it comes to marital and family issues. The gambler's perspective is less positive when it comes to non-relationship issues (financial and professional issues). A few hypotheses are put forward to explain these results and these are summarized in three effects: denial, idealization/guilt relief, and disappointment/retaliation. Some implications for clinical practice are also identified, such as the need to set therapy objectives which are truly shared by both members of the couple, as well as guidelines for future research, such as studies focused on gender differences.
Pseudogap from ARPES experiment: three gaps in cuprates and topological superconductivity

A term first coined by Mott back in 1968 a `pseudogap' is the depletion of the electronic density of states at the Fermi level, and pseudogaps have been observed in many systems. However, since the discovery of the high temperature superconductors (HTSC) in 1986, the central role attributed to the pseudogap in these systems has meant that by many researchers now associate the term pseudogap exclusively with the HTSC phenomenon. Recently, the problem has got a lot of new attention with the rediscovery of two distinct energy scales (`two-gap scenario') and charge density waves patterns in the cuprates. Despite many excellent reviews on the pseudogap phenomenon in HTSC, published from its very discovery up to now, the mechanism of the pseudogap and its relation to superconductivity are still open questions. The present review represents a contribution dealing with the pseudogap, focusing on results from angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and ends up with the conclusion that the pseudogap in cuprates is a complex phenomenon which includes at least three different `intertwined' orders: spin and charge density waves and preformed pairs, which appears in different parts of the phase diagram. The density waves in cuprates are competing to superconductivity for the electronic states but, on the other hand, should drive the electronic structure to vicinity of Lifshitz transition, that could be a key similarity between the superconducting cuprates and iron based superconductors. One may also note that since the pseudogap in cuprates has multiple origins there is no need to recoin the term suggested by Mott.
Student Attentive State Data Accumulation for Attention Tracker Development

Attention is vital to learning, and attention trackers are potentially powerful tools for education practitioners. Herein, the promising technologies and relevant studies on attention are reviewed. In order to realize the goals of attention trackers, this study aimed to accumulate initial attentive state data, and to explore potential problems in the use of the accumulated data. It was found that the gaze location was a good estimator of the student’s attentive state. It was also discovered that real-time applications of attention trackers may find that previously obtained student attentive states must be altered at a later time. More studies are required for the development of attention trackers with desired characteristics. However, published results are promising.
A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF TIE ELEMENTS' PROPERTIES ON THE SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF CONFINED MASONRY WALLS BY USING NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSES

In this study the nonlinear finite element analysis has been employed to find out how the properties of ties, either vertical or horizontal, affect the seismic behavior of confined masonry walls. For this purpose the DIANA software (Version 9.3), which is powerful tool for numerical modeling of such structures, has been used. Among the parameters, which are believed to be effective in the confined wall seismic behavior, four ones relate to the ties. These include compressive strength of concrete used in tie elements, cross sectional area of ties, the amount of longitudinal reinforcement in vertical ties, and finally the rigidity of connections between horizontal and vertical ties. With regard to the amounts of the four mentioned parameters, the values recommended by the National Iranian Code of Practice for Seismic Design of Buildings (Iranian Standard No. 2800) were used as the bench mark values. The type of analysis conducted for the wall numerical samples was Push-Over Analysis (POA) and in all cases some reasonable value was considered for the amount of surcharge imposing on the confined wall due to the dead load of the corresponding floor. The results of POA were obtained by assigning various values, from very low to very high, to the four mentioned parameters, and the lateral force - displacement curves were plotted for each set of values. Numerical results show that with variations of the four parameters, considered for the ties' properties, between some limits the global behavior of wall changes slightly, however, if some of these four parameters get values beyond some limits the wall behavior changes drastically from one state to another.
Impact of mutual influence while ranking authors in a co-authorship network

Online bibliographic databases are providing significant resources to conduct analysis of academic social networks.We believe that work of an author is always influenced by work of his or her co-authors. In this study, we investigatethe impact of productivity and quality of work of an author’s co-authors on his or her ranking along with his owncontribution. We propose mutual influence (MI) based ranking method, which ranks authors based on (1) Publicationsof an author, along with impact of publications of his or her co-authors, (2) Normalized author position based Citationsweight, which is calculated from the citations received by an author with respect to position of his or her name in theco-authors list, (3) MINCC that combines the impact of both factors. A series of experiments has been conducted andresults show that proposed approach has capability to ranks authors in a significant way.
Regulatory TGACG-motif may elicit the secondary metabolite production through inhibition of active Cyclin-dependent kinase/Cyclin complex

Cell division and expansion have a pivotal importance for enhancement of efficient metabolite production through cell cycle regulation in transcriptional levels. The Gap1/Synthesis (G1/S) transition of the cell cycle could predict the products for synthesis as well as the distribution of the secondary metabolite between the cell and the medium with cessation of cell cycle in this transition. In this study, 1000 bp upstream sequences of G1/S transition genes as promoter regions from Arabidopsis thaliana were analyzed to introduce new generation of pharmaceutical metabolite stimuli. Identification and analysis of potential cis-regulatory motifs with using Botany Array Resource database (BAR) detected ten cis-regulatory elements that had significant differences than other cis-regulatory elements. Then, we evaluated the function of ten Cis-regulatory elements with PlantCARE database. TGACG-motif as Methyl jasmonate responsive element was found among ten putative cis-regulatory elements. The presence of this element in promoter region of cell cycle inhibitors such as Kip-related proteins (KRPs) suggests inhibiting active Cyclin-dependent kinase/Cyclin complex in G1/S checkpoint. Cell cycle arrest in G1/S checkpoint will also increase in the production of plant secondary metabolites in non-cycling cells.
The informal sector wage gap among Vietnamese micro-firms

Based on unique firm survey data from 2009, this paper examines the wage differential between formal and informal manufacturing household enterprises in Vietnam. Using the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition method, we investigate whether the wage gap is attributed mostly to differences in observable characteristics (the endowments) between formal and informal firms, or to variations in the returns to these characteristics (the unexplained component). The results show that average wages are 10%–20% higher in formal firms and that the majority of this gap is due to observable characteristics, in particular differences in firm size, workforce characteristics and location. Thus, traditional wage determinants seem to play an important role in explaining the higher wage returns in formal firms.
Experimental suppression of ants foraging on rainforest vegetation in New Guinea: testing methods for a whole‐forest manipulation of insect communities

1. Ants are extremely abundant in lowland tropical forests where they are important predators, plant mutualists, and herbivores. Their complex role in tropical plant–insect food webs can be best assessed by experimental manipulation of their abundance. Historically, ant exclusion experiments have had a small‐scale focus, such as single trees. Here, we test a new ‘whole‐forest' method of ant exclusion, using treated canopy bait stations, in a diverse tropical rainforest in New Guinea.
ASSESSMENT OF Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd AND Hg IN AMBON BAY SURFACE SEDIMENTS

In this study, the concentration of Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Hg were determined in marine surface sediment to assess the impact of pollution sources around the Ambon Bay by application of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The metals concentrations (in mg/kg DW) found were in the following ranges: 27,598 to 51,716 for Fe, 13.7 to 44.8 for Cu, 51.3 to 163 for Zn, 0.1 to 0.66 for Cd, 0.04 to 0.44 for Hg and 14.4 to 24.5 for Pb. The results indicated the strong contribution of heavy metals pollution from the urban waste, residential sources, farming industry, shipping activities and ship repair activity from dockyard around the Ambon Bay. This study provides the most updated information regarding heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Hg) concentrations in Ambon Bay marine sediment.
The Relationship between Vocational High School Students' Problem-Solving Attitude, Learning Interest in Inquiry-Based Learning, and Problem-Solving Competency

This study investigated the relationship between vocational high school students' problem-solving attitude, problem-solving competency, and learning interest in inquiry-based learning methods after taking an electrical machinery course. The results of this study can also be used as a reference for educators when conducting inquiry-based learning methods. The participants were 30 second-year vocational high students who took an electrical machinery course. Research tools included an inquiry-based instruction interest scale, problem-solving attitude scale, and problem-solving competency scale. After a six-week inquiry-based learning class, it was found that (1) students with more positive problem-solving attitudes had better problem-solving competencies; (2) students with more positive learning interests in inquiry-based learning methods had better problem-solving attitudes; (3) students with more positive interests in inquirybased learning methods had better problem-solving competency.
Territorial Governance and Spatial Planning in the Western Balkans between Transition, European Integration and Path-Dependency

The article inquiries into the evolution of territorial governance and spatial planning systems of the Western Balkan region, since 1989. More in details, it takes a close look at the cases of Croatia, Albania and Bosnia Herzegovina. The authors shed light on the impact of the transition period and, in particular, on the consequences that the shift from a centralized economic and administrative model to free market rules had over spatial planning legislation and practice. Similarly, they focus their attention on the various modes of Europeanization triggered by the EU pre-accession process and reflect upon the different integration phases that the aforementioned countries are going through. Through these interpretative lenses, the contribution aims at sketching out the specific spatial planning systems’ patterns of change that characterize the selected countries. Keywords: Spatial planning systems, Comparative planning studies, Western Balkans, transition, EU integration, Path-dependency