Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A hybrid level set/VOF method for the simulation of thermal magnetic fluids

Microgravity conditions pose unique challenges for fluid handling and heat trans fer pplications. By controlling (curtailing or augmenting) the buoyant and thermocapillary convec tion, the latter being the dominant convective flow in a microgravity environment, significa t advantages can be achieved in space based processing. The control of this surface tens ion gradient driven flow is sought using a magnetic field, and the effects of these are studied com putationally. To capture the deformable interface, a numerical method to solve the Navier-S okes equations, heat equations and Maxwell’s equations was developed using a hybrid Level Set/Vol umef-Fluid technique. The method is tested against both analytical and experiment al results and was found to be in good agreement. The method was then implement to solve (a) a stationary ferrofluid droplet under the influence of a magnetic field (b) A rising and falli ng magnetic droplet under various conditions. The method is shown to be a viable technique to solve such complex multiphase heat transfer problems. Symbols Ma: Marangoni Number Bo,m: Magnetic Bond Number Fr: Froude Number Gr: Grashof Number Re: Reynolds number We: Weber Number L: Length scale u,v: velocity in the xand ydirection : Density Cp: Coefficient of Heat
A New Fast Algorithm for Image Denoising

In this paper, the classic TV-L1 model is extended to a hybrid TV-L1 model based on first order and second order derivatives to remove image noises, preserve geometry, contrast and overcome staircase effects. To improve efficien- cy, a fast algorithm based on dual method which is called the Split-Dual algorithm is designed for the model. Finally, the denoising quality and the computational time between the proposed algorithm and some other traditional methods are compared.
Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Jet Treatment on the Seed Germination and Enhancement Growth of Watermelon

The current study was carried out to reveal the possible impacts of non-thermal plasma on water uptake by seeds, seed germination and vigor of seedlings of watermelon seeds using cold plasma jet at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Cold atmospheric plasma jet with nitrogen gas sources was employed in this study. Five treatment doses and one control were used to conduct germination parameters. The effects of the different duration time of cold atmospheric plasma on the germination of treated watermelon seeds were studied. The cold plasma operated at 3 Kv and 14 l/min as a fixed input voltage and a fixed flow rate respectively. Cold atmospheric plasma increased the germination percentage of watermelon as well as the growth parameters (root and shoot length, dry weight), and the vigor of seedlings. The effects of cold plasma during this study depended on exposure time. The operation time of 4 min considered as an appropriate plasma dose to promote the germination parameters.
The effect of the reed resonance on woodwind tone production

In normal woodwind tone production the nonlinear flow control properties of the reed transfer energy among the harmonics of the spectrum, and the favored playing frequency is one for which the air column input impedance is high at several harmonics. Above the middle of the second register, woodwinds have only one participating impedance peak; yet these notes can be played even without the use of a register hole, despite competing possibilities of low register intermode cooperation. Such notes are possible because enhancement of the reed’s transconductance A near its own resonance frequency can offset the small input impedance Z of the air column so that (ZA−1) ≳0, providing an additional means for energy production above cutoff. Spectral levels as a function of blowing pressure, air column impedance, and reed characteristics are derived. Experiments on the clarinet show that the player can adjust the reed resonance frequency from about 2 to 3 kHz. When the reed frequency is adjusted to match a harmonic co.
Multivariate moment based extreme value index estimators

Modeling extreme events is of paramount importance in various areas of science—biostatistics, climatology, finance, geology, and telecommunications, to name a few. Most of these application areas involve multivariate data. Estimation of the extreme value index plays a crucial role in modeling rare events. There is an affine invariant multivariate generalization of the well known Hill estimator—the separating Hill estimator. However, the Hill estimator is only suitable for heavy tailed distributions. As in the case of the separating multivariate Hill estimator, we consider estimation of the extreme value index under the assumptions of multivariate ellipticity and independent identically distributed observations. We provide affine invariant multivariate generalizations of the moment estimator and the mixed moment estimator. These estimators are suitable for both light and heavy tailed distributions. Asymptotic properties of the new extreme value index estimators are derived under multivariate elliptical distribution with known location and scatter. The effect of replacing true location and scatter by estimates is examined in a thorough simulation study. We also consider two data examples: one financial application and one meteorological application.
Diurnal propagating precipitating systems to the north of New Guinea Island: In-situ observation of internal structure and ambient atmosphere

The tropical western Pacific is characterized by high SST and large amount of precipitation. The accumulated warm water in the region, so-called “warm pool”, is one of the important factors of El Nino. Among the factors affecting the warm pool, precipitation is the important one as, for example, fresh water flux to make “the barrier layer” (Lukas and Lindstrom, 1991). The precipitating systems also affected to the ocean by the wind stress which drive the surface water, especially as the trigger of El Nino by the “westerly burst” accompanying MJO convectively active phase. The one of the significant and important characteristics of the precipitation in the tropics is the diurnal cycle, even over the ocean (Nitta and Sekine, 1994). Chen and Houze (1997) pointed that the diurnal cycle is an important element in the MJO. While many studies explain the mechanism as the vertical one-dimensional processes, some studies revealed the diurnal precipitating features propagated from the land to the ocean and affected diurnal cycle of the oceanic precipitation (e.g. Houze et al., 1981; Yang and Slingo, 2001; Mapes et al, 2003; Mori et al., 2004). In the tropical western Pacific, Liberti et al. (2001) revealed that the precipitation over the warm pool is also affected by the land effect of New Guinea Island and other small islands. However, their results were based on the satellite infrared images, which sometimes cannot reflect the behavior of the precipitating systems below the cloud top. In the past four years, we JAMSTEC have been carried out the observation of the equatorial precipitating systems and the ambient atmosphere over the warm pool by deploying our research vessel (R/V) Mirai at (2N, 138E) stationary for weeks to a month in the every boreal autumn or winter. In the present study, we investigated the diurnal cycle of the precipitating systems over the warm pool by using the data from the shipborne Doppler radar, which can detect the behavior of the precipitating systems directly. The map around the observation point is shown in Fig. 1.
Interactive comment on “Observations and simulations of three-dimensional radiative interactions between Arctic boundary layer clouds

Based on airborne spectral imaging observations, three-dimensional (3-D) radiative effects between Arctic boundary layer clouds and highly variable Arctic surfaces were identified and quantified. A method is presented to discriminate between sea ice and open water under cloudy conditions based on airborne nadir reflectivity γλ measurements in the visible spectral range. In cloudy cases the transition of γλ from open water to sea ice is not instantaneous but horizontally smoothed. In general, clouds reduce γλ above bright surfaces in the vicinity of open water, while γλ above open sea is enhanced. With the help of observations and 3D radiative transfer simulations, this effect was quantified to range between 0 and 2200 m distance to the sea ice edge (for a dark-ocean albedo of αwater = 0.042 and a sea-ice albedo of αice = 0.91 at 645 nm wavelength). The affected distance1L was found to depend on both cloud and sea ice properties. For a low-level cloud at 0–200 m altitude, as observed during the Arctic field campaign VERtical Distribution of Ice in Arctic clouds (VERDI) in 2012, an increase in the cloud optical thickness τ from 1 to 10 leads to a decrease in 1L from 600 to 250 m. An increase in the cloud base altitude or cloud geometrical thickness results in an increase in1L; for τ = 1/10 1L= 2200 m/1250 m in case of a cloud at 500–1000 m altitude. To quantify the effect for different shapes and sizes of ice floes, radiative transfer simulations were performed with various albedo fields (infinitely long straight ice edge, circular ice floes, squares, realistic ice floe field). The simulations show that1L increases with increasing radius of the ice floe and reaches maximum values for ice floes with radii larger than 6 km (500–1000 m cloud altitude), which matches the results found for an infinitely long, straight ice edge. Furthermore, the influence of these 3-D radiative effects on the retrieved cloud optical properties was investigated. The enhanced brightness of a dark pixel next to an ice edge results in uncertainties of up to 90 and 30 % in retrievals of τ and effective radius reff, respectively. With the help of1L, an estimate of the distance to the ice edge is given, where the retrieval uncertainties due to 3-D radiative effects are negligible.
Damping Power System Oscillations Controlled By Using STATCOM

This paper manages the plan of a versatile power oscilation damping (POD) controller for a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) outfitted with vitality stockpiling. This is accomplished utilizing a flag estimation procedure in view of a changed recursive Least square (RLS) calculation, which permits a quick, specific, and versatile estimation of the low-recurrence electromechanical motions from privately measured signs amid power framework unsettling influences. The proposed strategy is compelling in expanding the damping of the framework at the frequencies of intrigue, additionally on account of framework parameter instabilities and at different association purposes of the compensator. To begin with, the investigation of the effect of dynamic and responsive power infusion into the power framework will be completed utilizing a basic two-machine framework demonstrate. A control technique that upgrades dynamic and responsive power infusion at different association purposes of the STATCOM will be determined utilizing the streamlined model. Little flag investigation of the dynamic execution of the proposed control procedure will be completed. Fluffy controller is executed in this venture improve the framework operation with quick reaction. The viability of the proposed control technique to give control swaying damping independent of the association purpose of the gadget and within the sight of framework parameter instabilities will be checked through recreation comes about.
Tracing the neutral gas environments of young radio AGN with ASKAP

At present neutral atomic hydrogen (H I) gas in galaxies at redshifts above z ∼ 0.3 (the extent of 21 cm emission surveys in individual galaxies) and below z ∼ 1.7 (where the Lyman-α line is not observable with ground-based telescopes) has remained largely unexplored. The advent of precursor telescopes to the Square Kilometre Array will allow us to conduct the first systematic radio-selected 21 cm absorption surveys for H I over these redshifts. While H I absorption is a tracer of the reservoir of cold neutral gas in galaxies available for star formation, it can also be used to reveal the extreme kinematics associated with jet-driven neutral outflows in radio-loud active galactic nuclei. Using the six-antenna Boolardy Engineering Test Array of the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder, we have demonstrated that in a single frequency tuning we can detect H I absorption over a broad range of redshifts between z = 0.4 and 1.0. As part of our early science and commissioning program, we are now carrying out a search for absorption towards a sample of the brightest GPS and CSS sources in the southern sky. These intrinsically compact sources present us with an opportunity to study the circumnuclear region of recently re-started radio galaxies, in some cases showing direct evidence of mechanical feedback through jetdriven outflows. With the sensitivity of the full ASKAP array we will be able to study the kinematics of atomic gas in a few thousand radio galaxies, testing models of radio jet feedback well beyond the nearby Universe. (© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The California heat wave 2006 with impacts on statewide medical emergency: A space-time analysis

The unprecedented July 2006 California heat wave was associated with an accelerating trend in regional humid heat wave activity that is related to global warming. In this work, we identify and summarize effects of that meteorological extreme event on California morbidity as quantified by daily emergency department (ED) visits data aggregated at the county level. Besides local county-level daily correlation analysis, we use canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to summarize space-time relationships between ED visits and temperature as well as humidity. We find intriguing spatial patterns of public health impacts of heat and humidity that potentially suggest modulation by various factors including demographics, adaptation and acclimatization that may be related to local climatology and social factors determining access to air conditioning. Health outcomes as measured by ED visits are found to be generally more sensitive to extreme heat and humidity in coastal counties and the north-central part of the Central Valley, which are known to be more affected by coastal influences, than in inland counties.
Northern Australia, whither the mercury?

Biomagnification of mercury (Hg) leads to high concentrations in fish and subsequent health risks for fish-eaters. Despite the global concern afforded to Hg over the past 40 years, little attention has been paid to this toxic heavy metal in Australia in general, and tropical northern Australia in particular. This review examines past Hg research in Australia and explores seven hypotheses as to why so little research and monitoring has been conducted in northern rivers and estuaries. We rule out the possibility that fishing intensity (an indicator of potential Hg exposure in humans) is lower in Australia than in other countries with more intensive Hg research programs. Instead, we hypothesise that low atmospheric deposition, owing to prevailing wind direction and few local point sources, coupled with highly productive waterbodies, contributes to low Hg bioaccumulation and hence the reduced interest in measuring Hg. Outstanding questions regarding Hg in northern Australia include the assessment of atmospheric deposition rates of Hg, the trophic level and growth and food consumption rates of consumers such as large-bodied fishes, linkages between fire regimes and Hg availability, and the capacity for in situ Hg methylation in tropical systems.
Competitiveness and Comparative Advantage of Cocoa Production in Southwestern Nigeria: A Policy Analysis Approach

The study investigated the competitiveness and comparative advantage of cocoa production management systems in the study area. The project was carried out among cocoa farmers in Ondo and Osun States of Nigeria. Simple random sampling technique was used to collect data from the farmers. Data were collected from the respondents with the aid of structured questionnaire and the data obtained from the questionnaire were analysed using Descriptive analysis, Private Profitability, Private Cost Ratio, Social Profitability and Domestic Resource Cost. Most (63.64%) of the respondents are of age 50 years and below while majority (84.09%) of the farmers are having formal education. However, 87.50% of the farmers are having farm size 5 hectares and below. The result of Private Profitability was positive in all the three management systems while the Private Cost Ratio (PCR) was less than one in all the management systems considered. The result of Social Profitability was positive while that of Domestic Resource Cost (DRC) was less than one in all the production management systems. The study concluded that cocoa production is highly competitive in the study area.
The Influence of Islamic Management Practices in Budget Participation

Purpose - The influence of Islamic management practices on managers’ performance such as organizational commitment involves the development of an individual’s abilities and attitudes contribute towards organizational interests.Therefore, this paper examined the effect of motivational role of budget participation among Muslim managers in Malaysian Local Authorities.In particular, this study aims to indentify the mediating effects of organizational commitment as motivational role in budget participation and managerial performance relationship.Design/ Methodology/Approach - A Structural equation modeling was utilised to examine the direct and indirect effects of motivational role of budget participation among Muslim managers through path analysis.Findings – The result indicate that the mediating effect of organizational commitment strengthened the budget participation and managerial performance relationship.Research Limitations - This research survey only conducted in local governments organization. Thus, result may not be generalized to other public organizations.Originality/Value – The findings from this study can have practical relevance in the Islamic current management setting in Malaysian government organization. The results provide insights on the role of Islamic organization commitment as management approach by Muslim managers in evaluating their performance.
Ultrasensitive inertial and force sensors with diamagnetically levitated magnets

We theoretically show that a magnet can be stably levitated on top of a punctured superconductor sheet in the Meissner state without applying any external field. The trapping potential created by such induced-only superconducting currents is characterized for magnetic spheres ranging from tens of nanometers to tens of millimeters. Such a diamagnetically levitated magnet is predicted to be extremely well isolated from the environment. We propose to use it as an ultrasensitive force and inertial sensor. A magneto-mechanical readout of its displacement can be performed by using superconducting quantum interference devices. An analysis using current technology shows that force and acceleration sensitivities on the order of 10(-23) N/root Hz (for a 100-nm magnet) and 10(-14) g/root Hz (for a 10-mm magnet) might be within reach in a cryogenic environment. Such remarkable sensitivities, both in force and acceleration, can be used for a variety of purposes, from designing ultrasensitive inertial sensors for technological applications (e.g., gravimetry, avionics, and space industry), to scientific investigations on measuring Casimir forces of magnetic origin and gravitational physics.
SRF PHOTOINJECTOR TESTS AT HOBICAT

In collaboration with Jefferson Laboratory, DESY and the A. Soltan Institute HZB developed a fully superconducting RF photo-injector as a first step towards a high average current electron source for the BERLinPro ERL. This setup consists of a 1.6 cell superconducting gun cavity with a lead cathode plasma-arc deposited on the half cell backwall and a superconducting solenoid. The system, including a warm diagnostic beam-line section, was recently installed in the HoBiCaT test facility to study beam dynamics within the ERL parameter range. This paper will give an overview of the horizontal cavity tests, dark current studies and beam measurements.
Bioaccumulation Factors and Pollution Indices of Heavy Metals in Selected Fruits and Vegetables From a Derelict Mine and Their Associated Health Implications

Concentration of heavy metals in the top and sub soils and in selected vegetables and fruits grown in Enyigba lead-zinc mine derelict was investigated using the X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometric method. Samples of fruits and leaves of the studied plants, over a period of two years (2008-2010), were analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) contents, and their corresponding Pollution Indices (PI) and Bioaccumulation Factors (BAF) were evaluated. The mean pH of the soil was found to be 6.5 and the mean concentrations (mg/Kg) of metals in the studied plants were of the range: Pb (0.22 – 6.72); As (0.10 – 10.6); Cd (0.10 – 12.4); Cu (12.6 – 82.1); Cr (0.01 – 1.02); Zn (34.2 – 162.1); Mn (412.1 – 42.6); and Ni (12.8 – 72.8). High Pollution Indices of 22.4, 12.37, 8.67, 7.27, and 6.13 were observed in Nauclea latifolia (African Peach), Sesamum indicum (Beni seed), Lactuca Sativa (Lettuce), Psidium Guajava (Guava), and C. Annum (Pepper) respectively; and as a result, they were not considered fit for human consumption. Bioaccumulation Factors (BAF > 1) were observed in some of the studied plants which suggested that they could be good phytoremediation agents. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) at p< 0.05 showed variations in the heavy metal levels between and within groups while Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (LSD) Correlation analysis identified a strong relationship between the investigated plant and soil samples.
The Spatial Dimension of Risk: Young People's Perceptions of the Risks and Uncertainties of Growing Up in Rural East Germany

Young people have been identified as one of the groups most severely affected by post-socialist transformation processes (McAULEY, 1995; BRAKE & BUCHNER, 1996; KOLLMORGEN, 2003). They are growing up at a time that is characterized by the need for reorientation due to the collapse of state socialism and its far-reaching economic, political and cultural consequences (YOUNG & LIGHT, 2001). Young people in post-socialist countries are thus often described as facing additional risks and uncertainties to create their own biographies (BRAKE & BUCHNER, 1996; WERZ, 2001). This paper discusses the spatial dimension of young people's perception and experiences of risks. It argues that young people's perception of space has a major impact on how they perceive their opportunities to cope with, challenge and/or negotiate experiences of risks and uncertainties. It will be shown that such perceptions have major implications on, for example, their migration and career plans. The paper will draw on new research findings from an in-depth participatory research study of young people growing up in rural East Germany (SCHAFER, 2008). The project has focused on young people's perception of everyday disadvantages and risks, and how they translate such experiences and understandings into their (imagined) future lives. I argue here that young people's understanding of risk is interlinked with their perception of space. This spatial dimension of risk, however, has largely been neglected in previous research. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs100159