Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Critical Terrorist Organizations and Terrorist Organization Alliance Networks Based on Key Nodes Founding

The past years have witnessed increasingly widespread terrorism, violently destroying world peace and regional prosperity. Therefore, uncovering terrorist plots has become the most crucial step for eliminating terrorist attacks. However, with the terrorist scheme being disguised under the huge amount of data flow on the internet, identifying terrorist organizations still remains challenging. Since many terrorist organizations are prone to launch terrorist attacks together, here, we model their relationships as a Terrorist Organization Alliance (TOA) network and propose a novel method to identify the key terrorist organizations in the TOA network. The TOA network utilizes existing key nodes in order to extract useful information, and, with the help of the entropy weight method, the new solution to the TOA network is effective and precise. The experiments are performed on the dataset from the Global Terrorism Database, and the results are statistically validated through t-tests and convergence analysis. Compared with the traditional methods, our method is proven to be superior in terms of measure the harm of terrorist attack organizations and find the key terrorist organizations.
New Alkaloids From a Hawaiian Fungal Strain Aspergillus felis FM324

Two new alkaloids tryptoquivaline Y (1) and pseurotin I (2), together with eight known compounds (3–10), were purified from a fungal strain Aspergillus felis FM324, which was isolated from a Hawaiian beach soil sample. The absolute configuration and physicochemical data of tryptoquivaline Z (3) were reported for the first time here in this paper. Compound 1 is an uncommon tryptoquivaline analog containing a 3-O-isobutanoyl group. The structures of the new compounds 1–2 and known compound 3 were elucidated through HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopy and ECD analysis. All the compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative, antibacterial and NF-κB inhibitory activities. Compound 4 showed weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with the same MIC value of 59.2 µM. Compounds 3 and 2 inhibited NF-κB with IC50 values of 26.7 and 30.9 μM, respectively.
Fungal Pathogens in Grasslands

Grasslands are major primary producers and function as major components of important watersheds. Although a concise definition of grasslands cannot be given using a physiognomic or structural approach, grasslands can be described as vegetation communities experiencing periodical droughts and with canopies dominated by grasses and grass-like plants. Grasslands have a cosmopolitan distribution except for the Antarctic region. Fungal interactions with grasses can be pathogenic or symbiotic. Herbivorous mammals, insects, other grassland animals, and fungal pathogens are known to play important roles in maintaining the biomass and biodiversity of grasslands. Although most pathogenicity studies on the members of Poaceae have been focused on economically important crops, the plant-fungal pathogenic interactions involved can extend to the full range of ecological circumstances that exist in nature. Hence, it is important to delineate the fungal pathogen communities and their interactions in man-made monoculture systems and highly diverse natural ecosystems. A better understanding of the key fungal players can be achieved by combining modern techniques such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) together with studies involving classic phytopathology, taxonomy, and phylogeny. It is of utmost importance to develop experimental designs that account for the ecological complexity of the relationships between grasses and fungi, both above and below ground. In grasslands, loss in species diversity increases interactions such as herbivory, mutualism, predation or infectious disease transmission. Host species density and the presence of heterospecific host species, also affect the disease dynamics in grasslands. Many studies have shown that lower species diversity increases the severity as well as the transmission rate of fungal diseases. Moreover, communities that were once highly diverse but have experienced decreased species richness and dominancy have also shown higher pathogenicity load due to the relaxed competition, although this effect is lower in natural communities. This review addresses the taxonomy, phylogeny, and ecology of grassland fungal pathogens and their interactions in grassland ecosystems.
Headache Medicine Grand Challenge: Headache: A New Frontier, A New Challenge

Growing into adulthood, I was raised on “Star Trek. ” I was entranced by the idea of exploring new frontiers, going where no man has gone before. Headache Medicine is like “Star Trek” in that regard. We are exploring new ideas, new frontiers across a spectrum of ideas, and in many respects going where our predecessors might only have imagined. To explore a new frontier implies that one started from someplace well known, perhaps familiar. Headaches are as old as humanity. We have evidence of trephined skulls, and from a specimen I saw at the International Museum of Surgical Science years ago, there was evidence of bone healing. The Assyrians (1) wrote of migraine, and the Jewish Proverbs (2) told us to avoid young red wines to avoid migraines. In the third Century BCE, Greek Hippocrates (3) offered clues to the diagnosis. They used the term ημικρανíα1. This termwas eventually transliterated across languages to become “migraine. ” We progressed in our understanding of migraines’ physical nature and the humors of antiquarianmedicine to a “neurological storm” (4) by the late 1800s.Wolff ’s view (5) of the vascular nature of migraines grew from his experiences. It began from the nature of the pain description of migraine. Later, his years as a flight surgeon during World War II and pilot’s stories of treating their migraines in flight added to his interest. After the war, the discovery, use of, and research on ergotamine (6) paved the way for investigations. This culminated in his work with Ray and Wolff (7) exploring pain-sensitive structures inside the cranium and examining migraine patients’ extracranial and intracranial response to ergotamine. It was supported by biochemical evidence in the ‘70s (8) until Lance (9) proposed a new neuro-vascular basis for migraine regulated in the Trigeminal Nucleus, Posterior Aqueductal Gray, RedNuclei producing theHypothalamic, Cortical, and vascular effects seen with the methods available in migraine attacks. The focus on migraine among the more than 300 causes of headache is natural. Essentially, all people will experience what may be termed a tension headache in their lifetime. However, given the large (up to 40%) population who will at some time experience the severity of a migraine, with its impact on quality of life and productivity, and attendant direct and indirect costs, the preeminence of the focus on migraine in the world of headache medicine is not surprising. The prevalence ofMigraines is roughly the sameworldwide (10), across ethnic groups and access to financial resources, nutrition, work, and environment. The only significant variables are genetic determinants of sex and age. The severity and significance of migraine’s clinical features led the World Health Organization to classify it among the top 20 causes of disability worldwide (10). The lost time and productivity in the workplace, the costs of medical care and inpatient treatments, makes migraine the most
Short-Time Changes in Coronary Artery Plaques Assessed by Follow-Up Coronary CT Angiography—Characteristics and Impact on Patient Management

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) shows a chronic but heterogeneous clinical course. Coronary CT angiography (CTA) allows for the visualization of the entire coronary tree and the detection of early stages of CAD. The aim of this study was to assess short-time changes in non-calcified and mixed plaques and their clinical impact using coronary CTA in a real-world setting. Methods: Between 11/2014 and 07/2019, 6,701 patients had a coronary CTA with a third-generation dual-source CT, of whom 77 patients (57 males, 63.8 ± 10.8 years) with a chronic CAD received clinically indicated follow-up CTA. Non-calcified and mixed plaques were analyzed in 1,211 coronary segments. Patients were divided into groups: stable, progressive, or regressive plaques. Results: Within the follow-up period of 22.3 ± 10.4 months, 44 patients (58%) showed stable plaques, 27 (36%) showed progression, 5 (7%) showed regression. One patient was excluded due to an undetermined CAD course showing both, progressive and regressive plaques. Age did not differ significantly between groups. Patients with plaque regression were predominantly female (80 vs. 20%), whereas patients showing progression were mainly male (85 vs. 15%; p < 0.01 for both). Regression was only observed in patients with mild CAD or one-vessel disease. The follow-up CTA led to changes in patient management in the majority of subjects (n = 50; 66%). Conclusions: Changes in coronary artery plaques can be observed within a short period resulting in an adjustment of the clinical management in the majority of CAD patients. Follow-up coronary CTA renders the non-invasive assessment of plaque development possible and allows for an individualized diagnostics and therapy optimization.
Good or Bad? The Ambivalent Leader-Follower Relationships

Researchers have emphasized the positive and negative influences of ambivalent leader-follower relationships, but it is not clear when the ambivalent relationship is associated with good or bad influences. To answer this question, we reviewed the definition and identified 10 different types of ambivalent leader-follower relationships. Further, we demonstrate that the negative outcomes (more inflexibility, disengagement, and worse performance) can be explained by the workplace stressor perspective, and that the positive outcomes (more flexibility, engagement, and better performance) can be explained by paradox view. Finally, drawing from conservation of resources (COR) theory, we integrate workplace stressor framework and the paradox view to address when the ambivalent leader-follower relationship is beneficial or detrimental for followers. We proposed that the degree of ambivalence, support from the third party, and integrative complexity of follower will influence the possible positive or negative influences. Limitations and future directions were also discussed.
Real-World Functioning in Patients With Schizophrenia: Beyond Negative and Cognitive Symptoms

Introduction: Interest in the idea of recovery for certain patients with schizophrenia has been growing over the last decade. Improving symptomatology and functioning is crucial for achieving this. Our study aims to identify those factors that substantially contribute to real-world functioning in these patients. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study in stable outpatients with schizophrenia on maintenance antipsychotic monotherapy. Patients: We studied 144 outpatients with schizophrenia (DSM-IV-TR criteria) meeting the following criteria: (1) 18–65 years of age; (2) being clinically stable for at least the previous three months; (3) on maintenance antipsychotic monotherapy (prescriptions ≤ 10 mg olanzapine, ≤200 mg quetiapine, or ≤100 mg levomepromazine as hypnotics were also allowed); and (4) written informed consent. Assessment: We collected information on demographic and clinical variables by using an ad hoc questionnaire. For psychopathology, we employed the Spanish versions of the following psychometric instruments: the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS-Sp), and the Calgary Depression Scale (CDS). In addition, cognitive domains were assessed using the Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and the Trail Making Test, parts A and B (TMT-A and TMT-B). Finally, we employed the Spanish versions of the University of California San Diego Performance-based Skills Assessment (Sp-UPSA) and the Personal and Social Performance (PSP) for assessing functional capacity and real-world functioning, respectively. Statistical analysis: A forward stepwise regression was conducted by entering those variables significantly associated with PSP total score into the univariate analyses (Student's t-test, ANOVA with Duncan's post-hoc test, or bivariate Pearson correlation). Results: A total of 144 patients; mean age 40 years, 64% males, mean length of illness 12.4 years, PSP total score 54.3. The final model was a significant predictor of real-world functioning [F(7, 131) = 36.371, p < 0.001] and explained 66.0% of the variance. Variables retained in the model: BNSS-Sp abulia, asociality, and blunted affect, PANSS general psychopathology, Sp-UPSA transportation, TMT-B, and heart rate. Conclusion: Our model will contribute to a more efficient and personalized daily clinical practice by assigning specific interventions to each patient based on specific impaired factors in order to improve functioning.
Effect of 2 mg Versus 4 mg of Intravenous Zoledronic Acid on Bone Mineral Density at the Lumbar Spine in Indian Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis: A Double-blind Parallel-arm Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: The primary purpose was to compare the effect of 2 mg and 4 mg of intravenous zoledronic acid (ZA) on change in the lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) at the end of 1 year in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The secondary objectives were changes in BMD at the total hip and femoral neck, change in bone turnover markers (BTMs), and the incidence of new fractures. Methods: This was a double-blind, parallel-arm, randomized control trial with an allocation ratio of 1:1 done in 70 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Findings: The mean (±standard deviation) percentage increase in LS BMD at the end of 1 year was 4.86% ± 3.05% and 5.35% ± 3.73% in the 2 mg and 4 mg group, respectively. The dose of 2 mg ZA proved to be inferior to 4 mg with a noninferiority margin of 0.5%. There was no difference in BMD change at hip and BTMs between the two groups at the end of 1 year. Only one patient in 4 mg group developed two new vertebral fractures during a 12-month follow-up. Acute-phase reactions were the most common (43%) side-effects noted without any difference between the two groups (P = 0.63). Conclusion: This study failed to show the noninferiority of 2 mg ZA compared to 4 mg ZA for change in LS BMD at the end of 1 year.
Effect of high pressure pretreatment on drying kinetics and oleoresin extraction from ginger

ABSTRACT The present study reports for the first time the effect of high pressure pretreatment (100–400 MPa, 10 min) on drying kinetics of ginger and its oleoresin extraction. High pressure pretreated samples were dried, powdered and solvent extracted. The increase in drying temperature (55–85°C) increased the moisture diffusivity (2.03–4.87 × 10−9 m2/s) but resulted in decrease in 6-gingerol (53.98%) and oleoresin yield (57.31%). However, high pressure pretreatment followed by dehydration (55°C) resulted in higher moisture diffusivity (2.84–6.09 × 10−9 m2/s) as well as enhanced extraction yield of 6-gingerol (34.05%) and oleoresin (28.29%).
Female sex in experimental traumatic brain injury research: forging a path forward

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with estimates indicating that ~50% of the world’s population will acquire a head injury at some point in their lifetime (Maas et al., 2017). Mild TBIs account for ~80% of all reported cases, with up to 43% of all TBI patients reporting symptoms beyond 2 weeks postinjury. As of 2016, only 7% of preclinical TBI experiments included both male and female sexes, and fewer studies analyzed the data using sex as a biological variable (Spani et al., 2018). Since 2016, there has been a bigger push for TBI research to include both sexes, due to reports of sex disparities in symptom presentation, recovery, and vulnerability to other neurological disorders; emphasizing how little we know about the pathophysiology of TBI in females. In this Perspective, we discuss some preclinical and clinical sex differences, challenges addressing female inclusion in preclinical TBI research, and potential solutions towards finding a balance between female sex inclusion and sex as an independent biological variable; forging a path towards improving scientific rigor, reproducibility and inclusivity for evaluating pathophysiological sex-differences after TBI.
Role of cytogenetic abnormalities detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization as a prognostic marker: Pathogenesis & clinical course in patients with B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Background & objectives: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) is one of the most common forms of adult leukaemia, with a highly variable clinical course. Specific chromosomal and genetic aberrations are used clinically to predict prognosis, independent from conventional clinical markers. Molecular cytogenetic methods such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detect aberrations in up to 80 per cent B-CLL patients. This study was conducted to score the frequencies of recurrent aberrations, i.e., del(13q14), trisomy 12, del(11q22), del(17p13), del(6q21) and IgH (immunoglobulin heavy chain) translocations and to understand their role in prognostication and risk stratification. Methods: FISH studies were performed on bone marrow aspirate or peripheral blood of 280 patients using commercially available disease-specific probe set. The data were correlated with clinical and haematological parameters such as low haemoglobin, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. Results: Chromosomal aberrations were detected in 79 per cent of patients, with del(13q14) (57%) as the most common cytogenetic aberration, followed by trisomy 12 (27%), del(11q22) (22%), t(14q32) (19%), del(17p13) (18%) and del(6q21) (9%). Single or in coexistence with other aberration del(13q14) had a favourable outcome in comparison to del(11q22), t(14q32), del(17p13) and del(6q21) which were associated with advanced stages of the disease. Trisomy 12 had a variable clinical course. Interpretation & conclusions: FISH was found to be a sensitive and efficient technique in detecting the prevalence of recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities. Each of these aberrations is an important independent predictor of disease progression and survival which aids in designing risk-adapted treatment strategies for better disease management.
UNIQUENESS OF TOPOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS FOR THE GUDNASON MODEL

In this paper, we consider the Gudnason model of N = 2 supersymmetric field theory, where the gauge field dynamics is governed by two Chern-Simons terms. Recently, it was shown by Han et al. that for a prescribed configuration of vortex points, there exist at least two distinct solutions for the Gudnason model in a flat two-torus, where a sufficient condition was obtained for the existence. Furthermore, one of these solutions has the asymptotic behavior of topological type. In this paper, we prove that such doubly periodic topological solutions are uniquely determined by the location of their vortex points in a weakcoupling regime.
Overview of Approaches to Improve Rhizoremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils

Soil contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) has become a global concern and has resulted from the intensification of industrial activities. This has created a serious environmental issue; therefore, there is a need to find solutions, including application of efficient remediation technologies or improvement of current techniques. Rhizoremediation is a green technology that has received global attention as a cost-effective and possibly efficient remediation technique for PHC-polluted soil. Rhizoremediation refers to the use of plants and their associated microbiota to clean up contaminated soils, where plant roots stimulate soil microbes to mineralize organic contaminants to H2O and CO2. However, this multipartite interaction is complicated because many biotic and abiotic factors can influence microbial processes in the soil, making the efficiency of rhizoremediation unpredictable. This review reports the current knowledge of rhizoremediation approaches that can accelerate the remediation of PHC-contaminated soil. Recent approaches discussed in this review include (1) selecting plants with desired characteristics suitable for rhizoremediation; (2) exploiting and manipulating the plant microbiome by using inoculants containing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) or hydrocarbon-degrading microbes, or a combination of both types of organisms; (3) enhancing the understanding of how the host–plant assembles a beneficial microbiome, and how it functions, under pollutant stress. A better understanding of plant–microbiome interactions could lead to successful use of rhizoremediation for PHC-contaminated soil in the future.
M ODEL - BASED N AVIGATION IN E NVIRONMENTS WITH N OVEL L AYOUTS U SING A BSTRACT 2 -D M APS

Efﬁciently training agents with planning capabilities has long been one of the major challenges in decision-making. In this work, we focus on zero-shot navigation ability on a given abstract 2-D occupancy map, like human navigation by reading a paper map, by treating it as an image . To learn this ability, we need to efﬁciently train an agent on environments with a small proportion of training maps and share knowledge effectively across the environments. We hypothesize that model-based navigation can better adapt agent’s behaviors to a task, since it disentangles the variations in map layout and goal location and enables longer-term planning ability on novel locations compared to reactive policies. We propose to learn a hyper-model that can understand patterns from a limited number of abstract maps and goal locations, to maximize alignment between the hypermodel predictions and real trajectories to extract information from multi-task off-policy experiences, and to construct denser feedback for planners by n -step goal relabelling . We train our approach on DeepMind Lab environments with layouts from different maps, and demonstrate superior performance on zero-shot transfer to novel maps and goals.
Extrapolation of United Kingdom Pillar 2 Care home Covid-19 test data to ascertain effectiveness of lateral flow testing in low prevalence settings

Lateral flow devices are quickly being implemented for use in large scale population surveillance programs for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the United Kingdom. These programs have been piloted in city wide screening in the city of Liverpool, and are now being rolled out to support care home visits and the return home of University students for the Christmas break. Very little data exists comparing the performance of the UK lateral flow tests with gold standard PCR diagnostics, especially against comparable test populations such as the national Pillar 2 testing program in the United Kingdom. Here we utilise thousands of pillar 2 test data from our University of Birmingham test lab, and by extrapolation against the validate limit-of-detection of the lateral flow assay, provide a potential sensitivity for the test in a comparable low prevalence population captured in the pillar 2 program. Our data suggests the lateral flow assay should successfully capture around 85% of all PCR positive tests performed in our pillar 2 laboratory, and that a fully designed comparative study of lateral flow versus PCR testing is merited in a real life testing environment