Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hardware based pattern matching technique for packet inspection of high speed network

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) detect and prevent numerous security threats in network traffic. Advanced IDS go beyond packet header and examine packet payload to detect content-based security threats. But payload scanning is intensive task in IDS, since each packet must be compared against thousands of predefined attacks at multigigabit rate. Software based IDS achieve throughput only at the rate of Mbps, whereas hardware based solutions achieve higher throughput at the rate of Gbps. In this paper we present an optimized hash based algorithm called Word Split Hash algorithm (WSHA) to compare payload against attacks. In previous hash based algorithms the elimination or detection of virus is at last stage after finding hash for the whole word but in WSHA we will do checks after finding subhash values at many stages and also in the final stage. Hence throughput is increased. Also only a bit comparison is carried out for checking purpose after finding the subhash values. So the memory space utilized will be very much reduced. This string matching algorithm can be implemented in FPGA, which can provide very fast and efficient scanning with less memory space occupied. They are designed and simulated in VHDL using Modelsim tool.
New species of dictyostelids from Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

In late Jan and early Feb 2005 samples for isolation of dictyostelid cellular slime molds (dictyostelids) were collected in five different provinces and from six national parks (all located 39–55°S) in Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Southern beech (Nothofagus) forests represented the primary vegetation type investigated, but some samples were obtained from Patagonian steppe, alpine meadows, Valdivian temperate rainforests and coniferous forests dominated by Araucaria, Austrocedrus and Fitzroya. Among the dictyostelids isolated from the samples we collected were seven species new to science. These species (Dictyostelium austroandinum, D. chordatum, D. fasciculoideum, D. gargantuum, D. leptosomopsis, D. valdivianum and Polysphondylium patagonicum) are described herein on the basis of both morphology and molecular (SSU rDNA) data. One of the new species, D. gargantuum, is one of the largest representatives of the group reported to date. Another unusual species, D. chordatum, produces long interwoven sorocarps that do not appear to respond to a spacing gas similar to the condition first noted in D. implicatum.
P-cresol, a uremic toxin, decreases endothelial cell response to inflammatory cytokines.

BACKGROUND Infectious diseases are among the most morbid events in uremia. The uremic toxin p-cresol may play a role in the immunodeficiency of uremia by depressing phagocyte functional capacity. Leukocyte adhesion to endothelium, a key event in the immune response, is mediated by endothelial adhesion molecules. These include intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin, which are induced by various inflammatory cytokines. We asked whether p-cresol alters endothelial adhesion molecule expression and modifies endothelial/leukocyte adhesion. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were incubated with p-cresol in the presence or absence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Thereafter, the endothelial molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin were quantitated and the monocyte (THP-1) adhesion to HUVEC measured. RESULTS P-cresol decreased cytokine-induced protein and mRNA expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. In addition, p-cresol significantly decreased the adhesion of THP-1 to cytokine-stimulated HUVEC. CONCLUSIONS P-cresol may play a role in the immune defect of uremic patients by inhibiting cytokine-induced endothelial adhesion molecule expression and endothelium/monocyte adhesion.
Preconditioned Mixed Spectral Element Methods for Elasticity and Stokes Problems

This paper continues our study of efficient preconditioners for the indefinite systems obtained by discretizing the linear elasticity and Stokes problems with mixed spectral methods in three dimensions. Our study is extended here in two new directions, to include i) more general (multidomain) mixed spectral element methods and ii) a new class of block-triangular preconditioners. The stiffness matrices resulting from Stokes and mixed elasticity problems have the structure of saddle point problems with a penalty term, which is associated with the Poisson ratio for elasticity problems or with stabilization techniques for Stokes problems. The main result of this paper shows that the convergence rate of the proposed preconditioned iterative methods is independent of the penalty parameter $\nu$, the number of spectral elements N, and mildly dependent on the spectral degree n via the inf-sup constant. The number of iterations required by the block-triangular preconditioner is much smaller than the one required by the block-diagonal preconditioner. On the other hand, the block-triangular preconditioner is no longer symmetric and has a small extra cost. These results and several numerical experiments presented in the final section show that these algorithms are a practical and efficient strategy for the iterative solution of the indefinite systems arising from mixed spectral element discretizations of elliptic systems.
Iterative Image Interpolation for Irregularly Sampled Image

For irregularly sampled color images, an iterative interpolation algorithm utilizing a wavelet shrinkage denoising technique is proposed. Exploiting the non-local information from neighboring blocks, the reconstruction performance converges as the iteration of the proposed algorithm is repeated. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional algorithms in terms of subjective quality and objective measures. The proposed algorithm correctly reconstructs the edge and provides perceptually good performance with randomly chosen 25% pixels.
EXTREME STAR FORMATION IN THE HOST GALAXIES OF THE FASTEST GROWING SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES AT z = 4.8

We report new Herschel observations of 25 z ≃ 4.8 extremely luminous optically selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Five of the sources have extremely large star-forming (SF) luminosities, LSF, corresponding to SF rates (SFRs) of 2800–5600 M☉ yr−1 assuming a Salpeter initial mass function. The remaining sources have only upper limits on their SFRs, but stacking their Herschel images results in a mean SFR of 700 ± 150 M☉ yr−1. The higher SFRs in our sample are comparable to the highest observed values so far at any redshift. Our sample does not contain obscured AGNs, which enables us to investigate several evolutionary scenarios connecting supermassive black holes and SF activity in the early universe. The most probable scenario is that we are witnessing the peak of SF activity in some sources and the beginning of the post-starburst decline in others. We suggest that all 25 sources, which are at their peak AGN activity, are in large mergers. AGN feedback may be responsible for diminishing the SF activity in 20 of them, but is not operating efficiently in 5 others.
Galectin-3 is Overexpressed in Various Forms of Endometriosis

Endometriosis is an enigmatic disease of unknown etiology and pathogenesis, which is defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus. The most widely accepted theory to explain endometriosis is probably the transplantation of an endometrial fragment during menstruation to ectopic sites, but the development of endometriosis is extremely complex and includes the adherence to the peritoneal surface and secondary invasion of the underlying tissues. In this study, we have investigated the potential role of galectin-3 (gal-3), a member of a group of carbohydrate-binding proteins, which plays a major role in cell adhesion, migration, angiogenesis, and invasion. The expression of gal-3 has been carried out by immunohistochemistry, according to the different phases of cycle in 50 cases of endometriosis (peritoneal endometriosis: n=10; ovarian endometriosis: n=10; deeply infiltrating endometriosis: n=30) and in 34 cases of eutopic endometrium (10 without endometriosis and 24 with endometriosis). In the proliferative and secretory phases of the cycle, the nuclear and membranous gal-3 expression was higher, first in each variant of the endometriosis than in the eutopic endometrium (P<0.05), and second in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis than in eutopic endometrium of women without endometriosis. Our data suggest that gal-3 may have a potential role in the development of endometriosis.
Solving the single-container loading problem by a fast heuristic method

This paper presents a new heuristic algorithm for solving the single-container loading problem. The algorithm is to formalize human experience formed in the last 1000 years by modern mathematical tools, and to refine it by a new observation. Its key issue is the cavity degree of an action that packs an item into a layer of the container, such that the item is packed as compactly as possible to other items already packed in the same layer. For the 1500 well-known benchmark problems from Bischoff, Ratcliff, and Davies, the new algorithm achieves an average container volume utilization of 89.59% with a reasonable average computing time of 27.78 min. This improves the current best utilization record reported in the literature considerably by 0.62%. Of those 1500, for the 800 strongly heterogeneous problems especially, where other algorithms usually achieved lower utilizations, it achieves an average volume utilization of 89.77%, which breaks the current best record markedly by 2.08%.
Molecular Motor KIF1C Is Not Essential for Mouse Survival and Motor-Dependent Retrograde Golgi Apparatus-to-Endoplasmic Reticulum Transport

ABSTRACT KIF1C is a new member of the kinesin superfamily of proteins (KIFs), which act as microtubule-based molecular motors involved in intracellular transport. We cloned full-length mouse kif1C cDNA, which turned out to have a high homology to a mitochondrial motor KIF1Bα and to be expressed ubiquitously. To investigate the in vivo significance of KIF1C, we generated kif1C −/− mice by knocking in the β-galactosidase gene into the motor domain of kif1C gene. On staining of LacZ, we detected its expression in the heart, liver, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Unexpectedly, kif1C −/− mice were viable and showed no obvious abnormalities. Because immunocytochemistry showed partial colocalization of KIF1C with the Golgi marker protein, we compared the organelle distribution in primary lung fibroblasts from kif1C +/+ and kif1C −/− mice. We found that there was no significant difference in the distribution of the Golgi apparatus or in the transport from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) facilitated by brefeldin A between the two cells. This retrograde membrane transport was further confirmed to be normal by time-lapse analysis. Consequently, KIF1C is dispensable for the motor-dependent retrograde transport from the Golgi apparatus to the ER.
One Discount Rate Fits All? The Regressive Effects of DOE’s Energy Efficiency Rule

This paper examines the Department of Energy’s (DOE) reliance on low discount rates to estimate the benefits of its energy efficiency standards and uses existing literature on implicit consumer discount rates to calculate a range of benefits for DOE’s furnace fan rule. While DOE calculates large net benefits from its energy efficiency rule, using discount rates that better represent average consumer time preferences shows that this standard results in net costs. Furthermore, given the variation in consumer discount rates by income, this standard is effectively a transfer payment from low- and median-income households to high-income households.
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in sugarcane

A set of genes related to secondary metabolism was extracted from the sugarcane expressed sequence tag (SUCEST) database and was used to investigate both the gene expression pattern of key enzymes regulating the main biosynthetic secondary metabolism pathways and the major classes of metabolites involved in the response of sugarcane to environmental and developmental cues. The SUCEST database was constructed with tissues in different physiological conditions which had been collected under varied situation of environmental stress. This database allows researchers to identify and characterize the expressed genes of a wide range of putative enzymes able to catalyze steps in the phenylpropanoid, isoprenoid and other pathways of the special metabolic mechanisms involved in the response of sugarcane to environmental changes. Our results show that sugarcane cDNAs encoded putative ultra-violet induced sesquiterpene cyclases (SC); chalcone synthase (CHS), the first enzyme in the pathway branch for flavonoid biosynthesis; isoflavone synthase (IFS), involved in plant defense and root nodulation; isoflavone reductase (IFR), a key enzyme in phenylpropanoid phytoalexin biosynthesis; and caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of lignin cell wall precursors. High levels of CHS transcripts from plantlets infected with Herbaspirillum rubri or Gluconacetobacter diazotroficans suggests that agents of biotic stress can elicit flavonoid biosynthesis in sugarcane. From this data we have predicted the profile of isoprenoid and phenylpropanoid metabolism in sugarcane and pointed the branches of secondary metabolism activated during tissue-specific stages of development and the adaptive response of sugarcane to agents of biotic and abiotic stress, although our assignment of enzyme function should be confirmed by careful biochemical and genetic supporting evidence.
Gene Array and Protein Expression Profiles Suggest Post-transcriptional Regulation during CD8+ T Cell Differentiation* 210

Peripheral CD8+ T cells circulate in a quiescent naive state until they are primed by specific antigen and differentiate into effector cells. In the effector state, CD8+ T cells acquire cytolytic activity and produce increased levels of cytokines such as interferon-γ. They also exhibit increased T cell receptor sensitivity, decreased CD28 dependence, and become inhibitable by CTLA-4 and other negative regulatory pathways. We hypothesized that one mechanism by which these two states are regulated is via differential expression of specific genes. To this end, basal gene expression profiles of naı̈ve and effector 2C TCR transgenic x RAG2−/− CD8+ T cells were analyzed using Affymetrix arrays representing 11,000 genes. Of the 177 differentially expressed known genes, 68 were expressed at higher levels in effector cells, but 109 were more abundant in naı̈ve cells, supporting the notion that the naive state is not passive. Expression of genes related to metabolism, actin cytoskeletal dynamics, and effector function increased with priming, whereas expression of putative anti-proliferative genes decreased. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR was utilized as a secondary validation for selected transcripts, and Western blot analysis was used to examine protein expression for molecules of interest. Surprisingly, for 24 genes examined, 12 showed discordant protein versus mRNA expression. In summary, our study indicates that: 1) not only does the expression of some genes in naive CD8+ T cells become up-regulated upon priming, but the expression of other genes is down-regulated as well and 2) the complexities of T cell differentiation include regulation at the post-transcriptional level.
Framework for language independent social media analysis platform to detect reactions on global topics

Social media is recognized as the important collaborations in today's information oriented society. Especially, after the global topics like a severe disaster (e.g. the East Japan Great Earthquake, Thailand floods etc.), people all over the world post their thoughts/opinions to social media and their behaviors are sometimes influenced by the discussions on social media. Therefore, we would like to read and understand the contents on the worldwide SNS. Exploring topics on the social media globally is useful to gain a rich insight into the global social contexts. This paper proposes a framework for language independent social media analysis platform to detect the global topics. Our framework targets various countries' social media and extracts keywords from messages written by different languages. Then the framework translates keywords from a local language to English, so that we can understand meanings of keywords. Since our framework is based on keywords and it can extract topics from keywords using data mining techniques, once keywords are extracted, it can be language-independent. In this paper, our proposed framework for language independent social media analysis platform is described with examples of Thai social media analysis results.
Historical and socio-political perspectives on mental health in the Caribbean region

The story of the Caribbean region includes a legacy of eradication of indigenous populations, slave labor, and colonial hegemony that has shaped the economies, social structures, and cultures of each island/nation uniquely. This paper presents a brief historical and socio-political examination of the psychological impact of histories of subordination, in an effort to contextualize the experiences of the individuals in these islands, as they pertain to effectively addressing the region’s mental health needs. The field of psychology holds promise for addressing legacies of colonialism on identity and subjectivity, particularly as an emphasis is placed on internal knowledge production. The 2011 Caribbean Regional Conference of Psychology is one such example of a movement towards unification and ownership of Caribbean Psychology perspectives, leaders, and the next generation of scholars.
Gene flow analysis demonstrates that Phytophthora fragariae var. rubi constitutes a distinct species, Phytophthora rubi comb. nov.

Isozyme analysis and cytochrome oxidase sequences were used to examine whether differentiation of P. fragariae var. fragariae and P. fragariae var. rubi at the variety level is justified. In isozyme studies six strains of both P. fragariae varieties were analyzed with malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), aconitase (ACO), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), comprising altogether seven putative loci. Five unique alleles (Mdh-1A, Mdh-2 B, Gpi A, AcoB and Idh-1B) were found in strains of P. fragariae var. fragariae, whereas five unique alleles (Mdh-1B, Mdh-2 A, GpiB, Aco A and Idh-1A) were present in strains of P. fragariae var. rubi. It was inferred from these data that there is no gene flow between the two P. fragariae varieties. Cytochrome oxidase I (Cox I ) sequences showed consistent differences at 15 positions between strains of Fragaria and Rubus respectively. Based on isozyme data, cytochrome oxidase I sequences, and previously published differences in restyriction enzyme patterns of mitochondrial DNA, sequences of nuclear and mitochondrial genes, AFLP patterns and pathogenicity, it was concluded that both specific pathogenic varieties of P. fragariae are reproductively isolated and constitute a distinct species. Consequently strains isolated from Rubus idaeus are assigned to Phytophthora rubi comb. nov.
On the solution of the random link matching problems

We show that the replica symmetric solution of the matching problem (bipartite or not) with independent random distances is stable. We compute the fluctuations and get the O(1/N) corrections to the length of the optimal matching in a generic sample On montre que la solution symetrique dans les repliques du probleme d'appariement (bipartite ou pas) dans lequel les distances sont des variables aleatoires est stable. On calcule les fluctuations et on obtient les conections d'ordre 1/N pour la longueur de l'appariement optimal dans un echantillon generique
Sensory deficits and distributed hierarchical dysfunction in schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia is characterized by widespread cognitive deficits that reflect distributed dysfunction across multiple cortical regions. Here the authors examined the relationship between lower- and higher-level dysfunction within the auditory domain using the event-related brain potentials mismatch negativity (MMN) and P300. METHOD Event-related brain potentials were obtained from 50 schizophrenia patients and 21 healthy subjects in two conditions: a standard condition employing fixed differences between standard tones and pitch deviants and a novel individualized condition employing tones matched to each individual's tone-discrimination threshold. The relationship among measures was assessed by multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling. RESULTS In the standard fixed-deviance condition, schizophrenia patients showed deficits of large effect size in generation of MMN (d>1.26) and P300 (d=1.08) relative to comparison subjects. Assessment of deviance-detection thresholds showed that patients required significantly elevated tone-matching thresholds relative to comparison subjects (d=0.97). When tone differences were individually adjusted to equate tone-matching performance across groups, the groups no longer differed significantly in MMN amplitude during deviant pitch tones, and the degree of deficit in P300 generation was significantly reduced. In both multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling, MMN and diagnostic group were significant independent predictors of reduced P300 amplitude. MMN generation was well explained (>90% variance) by dipoles seeded within the bilateral auditory cortex. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm and extend previous reports of impaired basic sensory processing in schizophrenia and demonstrate significant contributions of early sensory processing dysfunction to higher-order cognitive impairments. Overall, the findings support distributed, hierarchical models of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, consistent with glutamatergic and other widespread neurochemical models of the disorder.
Azathioprine hepatotoxicity after liver transplantation

We report the first two cases of apparent azathioprine hepatotoxicity occurring after liver transplantation. The two patients exhibited jaundice, elevated serum transaminase activities and histopathological features of sinusoidal congestion and centrilobular hepatocellular degeneration 17 and 61 days after transplantation. After withdrawal of azathioprine, liver test results improved immediately in both patients. Recurrence of liver injury after another challenge with azathioprine was seen in the first case. Previously, fatal venoocclusive disease occurring after kidney transplantation had been attributed to azathioprine. Irreversible venoocclusive disease and the reversible hepatotoxicity described in this report (i.e., sinusoidal congestion with centrizonal necrosis) most likely represent different stages of hepatic endotheliitis caused by azathioprine. Thus early diagnosis of azathioprine hepatotoxicity is of great importance. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;14:806–810).