Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finding Structured and Unstructured Features to Improve the Search Result of Complex Question

The current researches on question answer usually achieve the answer only from unstructured text resources such as collection of news or pages. According to our observation from Yahoo! Answer, users sometimes ask in complex natural language questions which contain structured and unstructured features. Generally, answering the complex questions needs to consider not only unstructured but also structured resource. In this work, researcher propose a new idea to improve accuracy of the answers of complex questions by recognizing the structured and unstructured features of questions and them in the web. Our framework consists of three parts: Question Analysis, Resource Discovery, and Analysis of The Relevant Answer. In Question Analysis researcher used a few assumptions and tried to find structured and unstructured features of the questions. In the resource discovery researcher integrated structured data (relational database) and unstructured data (web page) to take the advantage of two kinds of data to improve and to get the correct answers. We can find the best top fragments from context of the relevant web pages in the Relevant Answer part and then researcher made a score matching between the result from structured data and unstructured data, then finally researcher used QA template to reformulate the questions. Penelitian yang ada pada saat ini mengenai Question Answer (QA) biasanya mendapatkan jawaban dari sumber teks yang tidak terstruktur seperti kumpulan berita atau halaman. Sesuai dengan observasi peneliti dari pengguna Yahoo! Answer, biasanya mereka bertanya dalam natural language yang sangat kompleks di mana mengandung bentuk yang terstruktur dan tidak terstruktur. Secara umum, menjawab pertanyaan yang kompleks membutuhkan pertimbangan yang tidak hanya sumber tidak terstruktur tetapi juga sumber yang terstruktur. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti mengajukan suatu ide baru untuk meningkatkan keakuratan dari jawaban pertanyaan yang kompleks dengan mengenali bentuk terstruktur dan tidak terstruktur dan mengintegrasikan keduanya di web. Framework yang digunakan terdiri dari tiga bagian: Question Analysis, Resource Discovery, dan Analysis of The Relevant Answer. Pada Question Analysis peneliti menggunakan beberapa asumsi dan mencoba mencari bentuk data yang terstruktur dan tidak terstruktur. Dalam penemuan sumber daya, peneliti mengintegrasikan data terstruktur (relational database) dan data tidak terstruktur (halaman web) untuk mengambil keuntungan dari dua jenis data untuk meningkatkan dan untuk mencapai jawaban yang benar. Peneliti dapat menemukan fragmen atas terbaik dari konteks halaman web pada bagian Relevant Answer dan kemudian peneliti membuat pencocoka skor antara hasil dari data terstruktur dan data tidak terstruktur. Terakhir peneliti menggunakan template QA untuk merumuskan pertanyaan.
An Empirical Modeling of Electromagnetic Pollution on a University Campus

─ In this study, electric field strength (E) levels were measured on Ondokuz Mayıs University’s Kurupelit Campus and Faculty of Medicine Hospital in Samsun, Turkey between years 2013-2015. 840 short term and two long term measurements were performed using PMM–8053 and SRM–3006 at 60 different locations of which 30 were on both the campus and hospital. The results show that the measured E levels are far below the limits that are determined by ICNIRP. Based on the measurement analysis, a novel empirical model that allows characterizing the total E of medium using three main electromagnetic (EM) sources with 99.7% accuracy was proposed. Then other new models to estimate main distribution of total E were suggested. With the use of these models, E values of main pollution sources can be estimated with 95.2% accuracy and easily lead to prediction of future EM pollution levels. Index Terms ─ Electric field strength, electromagnetic (EM) measurement, EM pollution, statistical analysis.
Assessing credibility and aesthetic perception across different exposure times on a health care information website

vii CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW 1 1.1 Thesis Organization 3 CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 6 2.1 Internet Usage in Society 7 2.2 HCI Background & Aesthetics 11 2.3 Trust & Credibility 14 2.4 Mode of Use 16 2.5 Hypotheses 18 3.1.1 H1 Aesthetic perception of web pages in the domain of online health care information presented with a context of use (mode of use) are different from that without context 19 3.1. 2 H2 Aesthetic perceptions are consistent across exposures for a website in the domain of online health care 19 3.1. 3 H3 Credibility rating is positively correlated with aesthetic perceptions 20 3.
Analysis of TNF-ß, IL-10, and IL-1 Cluster Gene Polymorphisms and Clinical Risk Factors on Acute Renal Graft Rejection

Introduction: There is growing evidence of the genetic association between certain cytokine and acute renal graft rejection. We sought to investigate the role of recipients’ TNF-β, IL-10, IL-1β and IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) gene polymorphism as well as other variables such as PRA levels and HLA mismatches in acute renal graft rejection. Methods: TNF-β (+252A/G), IL-10(-592A/C), IL-1β (-511C/T) and IL-1ra (86bp VNTR) gene polymorphisms were determined in 157 renal allograft recipients with and without acute rejection using PCR. TNF-β, IL-10, IL-1β and IL-1ra genotypic variants were investigated for correlation with acute rejection within the first year after renal transplantation. Results: Patients with increased panel-reactive antibody (PRA) levels were predisposed to acute renal graft rejection (P=0.001). After adjusting for all variables of P 10% remained significant risk factor in a multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR=5.897, 95% confidence intervals=1.884-18.456, P=0.002). No significant difference was found between recipients with and without acute rejection regarding TNF β, IL-10, IL-1β and IL-1ra gene polymorphisms. Conclusion: Increased PRA levels have more significant impacts than cytokine gene polymorphisms on the likelihood of developing acute renal graft rejection. We should take necessary pre-transplant and/or post-transplant measures such as plasma exchange or immune adsorption to lower the PRA levels. To identify the actual role of both PRA levels and gene polymorphisms in acute renal graft rejection additional studies with larger sample sizes will be necessary.
Plasmodium spp . and Haemoproteus spp . infection in birds of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest detected by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction 1

Tostes R. , Vashist U. , Scopel K.K. G. , Massard C.L. , Daemon E. & D’Agosto M. 2015. Plasmodium spp. and Haemoproteus spp. infection in birds of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest detected by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 35(1):67-74. Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: raquelctostes@yahoo.com. br In recent years haemosporidian infection by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium and Haemoproteus, has been considered one of the most important factors related to the extinction and/or population decline of several species of birds worldwide. In Brazil, despite the large avian biodiversity, few studies have been designed to detect this infection, especially among wild birds in captivity. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of Plasmodium spp. and Haemoproteus spp. infection in wild birds in captivity in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil using microscopy and the polymerase chain reaction. Blood samples of 119 different species of birds kept in captivity at IBAMA during the period of July 2011 to July 2012 were collected. The parasite density was determined based only on readings of blood smears by light microscopy. The mean prevalence of Plasmodium spp. and Haemoproteus spp. infection obtained through the microscopic examination of blood smears and PCR were similar (83.19% and 81.3%, respectively), with Caracara plancus and Saltator similis being the most parasitized. The mean parasitemia determined by the microscopic counting of evolutionary forms of Plasmodium spp. and Haemoproteus spp. was 1.51%. The results obtained from this study reinforce the importance of the handling of captive birds, especially when they will be reintroduced into the wild.
Analyzing a Multi-Agent-System Decision Architecture Aiming to Model the Behavior of Virtual Humans

In this paper a novel approach on how to model the decision-making of virtual humans in the domain of multi-agent-systems is analyzed. The developed decision architecture embeds strategic behavior for intelligent humanoid agents (Hoogendoorn & Bovy 2004). The aim is to solve the action selection problem in the domain of naturalistic decision-making related to pedestrian movements. Embedding individual, motivational, reactive and proactive dynamic decision-making in virtual humans is the key to fulfill essential characteristics to model high level cognitive behavior of synthetic humanoid agents (de Sevin & Thalmann 2005). The decision architecture is based on the activation of motivations for the virtual humans and uses Agent-Based Modelling (ABM) and the methodology of System Dynamics (SD). A set of motivations is defined for each virtual human and activation processes are dependent on agent-intrinsic needs modeled as motivational reservoirs and agent-extrinsic multipliers aggregating information coming from the environment. The decision architecture fully distinguishes action selection from navigation and locomotion and fulfills therefore the three-layer architecture originally coming from the area of robotic research (Blumberg & Galyean 1995). The analysis of the developed decision architecture is important for calibration and validation purposes of multi-agent microworlds that enable to conduct risk-free experiments in which realistic virtual human beings – for instance virtual event visitors, virtual airport and train station passengers or virtual parade attendees – need to be embedded. The sophistication of the developed commonly called action selection mechanism (Tyrrell 1993) is done for a case study of a music festival.
The Dundee Treebank

We introduce the Dundee Treebank, a Universal Dependencies-style syntactic annotation layer on top of the English side of the Dundee Corpus. As the Dundee Corpus is an important resource for conducting large-scale psycholinguistic research, we aim at facilitating further research in the ﬁeld by replacing automatic parses with manually assigned syntax. We report on constructing the treebank, performing parsing experiments, as well as replicating a broad-scale psycholinguistic study—now for the ﬁrst time using manually assigned syntactic dependencies
A summertime rainy season in the Arctic forests of the Eocene

The discovery of exceptionally well-preserved fossil wood revealed that extensive forests existed north of the Arctic Circle during the Eocene (ca. 45–55 Ma). Subsequent paleobotanical studies led researchers to suggest eastern Asia as a modern analog, based on the distribution of nearest living relatives. During the last decade, proxy-based reconstructions of mean annual paleoprecipitation, productivity, and relative humidity have led workers to characterize the climate of the Arctic forests as similar to today9s temperate forests of the Pacific Northwest. Using a new model, we reconstructed the seasonal timing of paleoprecipitation from high-resolution intra-ring carbon isotope measurements of fossil wood. We showed that the Eocene Arctic forests experienced, on average, 3.1 times more precipitation during summer than winter, entirely dissimilar to the Pacific Northwest where summer precipitation is only one-half to one-sixth of the winter precipitation. This new result shows that although mean annual climate conditions may have been similar to the mean annual conditions the Pacific Northwest, consideration of seasonality implies that the temperate forests of eastern Asia represent the best overall modern analog for the Eocene Arctic forests.
Binary Constrained Deep Hashing Network for Image Retrieval Without Manual Annotation

Learning compact binary codes for image retrieval task using deep neural networks has attracted increasing attention recently. However, training deep hashing networks for the task is challenging due to the binary constraints on the hash codes, the similarity preserving property, and the requirement for a vast amount of labelled images. To the best of our knowledge, none of the existing methods has tackled all of these challenges completely in a unified framework. In this work, we propose a novel end-to-end deep learning approach for the task, in which the network is trained to produce binary codes directly from image pixels without the need o f manual annotation. In particular, to deal with the non-smoothness of binary constraints, we propose a novel pairwise constrained loss function, which simultaneously encodes the distances between pairs of hash codes, and the binary quantization error. In order to train the network with the proposed loss function, we propose an efficient parameter learning algorithm. In addition, to provide similar / dissimilar training images to train the network, we exploit 3D models reconstructed from unlabelled images for automatic generation of enormous training image pairs. The extensive experiments on image retrieval benchmark datasets demonstrate the improvements of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art compact representation methods on the image retrieval problem.
An evaluation of single-pass versus multiple-pass backpack electrofishing to estimate trends in species abundance and richness in prairie streams

Abstract Backpack electrofishing is a common method used to compare total species richness and relative abundance of stream fishes across space and time. However, as with any sampling method, it is important to evaluate the sampling effort necessary to capture patterns of variation in fish assemblage structure across samples. Thus, we evaluated the efficacy of single-pass versus multiple-pass backpack electrofishing for minnows and darters in intermittent prairie streams. We found that in 14 of 19 three-pass electrofishing samples, we detected all species during the first pass. The samples where we missed species on the first pass were in pools with six to nine species, suggesting a single-pass sample worked best for pools with lower species richness. We also found that both the raw abundance (i.e., catch rates) and rank abundance of four common species based on the first pass is highly concordant with the second and third passes. Nevertheless, differences in capture efficiency varied by species and density. In particular, our ability to deplete a species from a stream pool was highly variable when fish densities were low, and for Phoxinus erythrogaster, it was variable across all densities. Overall, our data suggest single-pass electrofishing can be used to detect spatial and temporal trends in abundance and species richness given standardized effort, but may not be representative of absolute population densities.
Isolation of the antimicrobial cyclic peptide subtilosin A from a gut-associated Bacillus subtilis strain

The endospore-forming Bacillus subtilis has been used as probiotics over the last 50 years. However, little is known on how Bacillus spp act in the gut compared to other well-characterized probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria. It is believed that the competitive exclusion of pathogens results from different mode of action notably the production of antimicrobial compounds such as bacteriocins. Here, we report the characterization of the unexpected ability of a gut-associated B. subtilis BSP1 to synthetize the cyclic bacteriocin subtilosin A at high level. Our findings suggest that the BSP1 phenotype could be related, at least in part, to a subsequent increased expression level of the subtilosin A biosynthetic gene cluster sbo-alb in response to a higher activity of the stationery and sporulation master regulator Spo0A.
RECONSTRUCTING WHITE WALLS: MULTI-VIEW, MULTI-SHOT 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF TEXTURELESS SURFACES

Abstract. The reconstruction of the 3D geometry of a scene based on image sequences has been a very active field of research for decades. Nevertheless, there are still existing challenges in particular for homogeneous parts of objects. This paper proposes a solution to enhance the 3D reconstruction of weakly-textured surfaces by using standard cameras as well as a standard multi-view stereo pipeline. The underlying idea of the proposed method is based on improving the signal-to-noise ratio in weakly-textured regions while adaptively amplifying the local contrast to make better use of the limited numerical range in 8-bit images. Based on this premise, multiple shots per viewpoint are used to suppress statistically uncorrelated noise and enhance low-contrast texture. By only changing the image acquisition and adding a preprocessing step, a tremendous increase of up to 300% in completeness of the 3D reconstruction is achieved.
FIRST JANUARY 25 , 2018 — REVIEW Shorter Versus Longer Courses of Antibiotics for Infection in Hospitalized Patients : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Acute infections are a leading cause of hospitalization and are associated with high cost, morbidity, and mortality.1 There is a growing body of literature to support shorter antibiotic courses to treat several different infection types.2-6 This is because longer treatment courses promote the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) organisms,7-9 microbiome perturbation,10 and Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). 11 They are also associated with more drug side effects, longer hospitalizations, and increased costs. Despite increasing support for shorter treatment courses, inpatient prescribing practice varies widely, and redundant antibiotic therapy is common.12-14 Furthermore, aside from ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP),15,16 prior systematic reviews of antibiotic duration have typically included outpatient and pediatric patients,3-6,17-19 for whom the risk of treatment failure may be lower. Given the potential for harm with inappropriate antibiotic treatment duration and the variation in current clinical practice, we sought to systematically review clinical trials comparing shorter versus longer antibiotic courses in adolescents and adults hospitalized for acute infection. We focused on common sites of infection in hospitalized patients, including pulmonary, bloodstream, soft tissue, intra-abdominal, and urinary.20,21 We hypothesized that shorter courses would be sufficient to cure infection and associated with lower costs and fewer complications. Because we hypothesized that shorter durations would be sufficient regardless of clinical course, we focused on studies in which the short course of antibiotics was specified at study onset, not determined by clinical improvement or biomarkers. We analyzed all infection types together because current sepsis treatment guidelines place little emphasis on infection site.22 In contrast to prior reviews, we focused exclusively on adult and adolescent inpatients because the risks of a too-short treatment duration may be lower in pediatric and outpatient populations. *Address for correspondence and reprint requests: Stephanie Royer, MD, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 3024; Telephone: 513-636-5148; Fax: 513-803-9245; E-mail: Stephanie.Royer@cchmc.org
Automation of Android Applications Functional Testing Using Machine Learning Activities Classification

Following the ever-growing demand for mobile applications, researchers are constantly developing new test automation solutions for mobile developers. However, researchers have yet to produce an automated functional testing approach, resulting in many developers relying on a resource consuming manual testing. In this paper, we present a novel approach for the automation of functional testing in mobile software by leveraging machine learning techniques and reusing generic test scenarios. Our approach aims at relieving some of the manual functional testing burden by automatically classifying each of the application's screens to a set of common screen behaviors for which generic test scripts can be instantiated and reused. We empirically demonstrate the potential benefits of our approach in two experiments: First, using 26 randomly selected Android applications, we show that our approach can successfully instantiate and reuse generic functional tests and discover functional bugs. Second, in a human study with two experienced human mobile testers, we show that our approach can automatically cover a large portion of the human testers' work suggesting a significant potential relief in the manual testing efforts.
Fiscal Policy in an Endogenous Growth Model with Public Capital: How Important are Transition Dynamics?

This paper studies growth and welfare effects of fiscal policy in an endogenous growth model with productive public capital where we consider both distortionary and non-distortionary taxation in the model simultaneously. Analyzing the model it is assumed that the economy originally is on the balanced growth path when the government changes its fiscal parameters. The paper then studies growth and welfare effects of varying fiscal parameters both for the balanced growth path as well as for the economy on the transition path. It is demonstrated that the long-run effects may be different from effects on the transition path. Further, economic conditions explaining the results are presented.
Change of fluctuation properties during non-local temperature rise in LHD from 2d phase contrast imaging

Fluctuation properties are analyzed in the Large Helical Device (LHD) for discharges exhibiting a non-local core temperature rise in response to edge cooling by injection of a Tracer Encapsulated Solid Pellet (TESPEL). Edge ion gyro-scale density fluctuation amplitudes, measured with a 2D CO2 phase contrast imaging system, are found to increase as the core temperature is rising and is therefore anti-correlated with a reduction of the total heat flux. This suggests that another mechanism, such as turbulence de-correlation has a stronger role on the heat flux than change of the density fluctuation level. The core fluctuation properties, in particular the phase velocity, change immediately in response to the edge temperature reduction, and possibly change of gradient, unresponsive to core gradients, suggesting a possible non-local transfer mechanism between the edge and core. Comparing different cases, it appears that the excitation of a fluctuation branch with higher core frequency and phase velocity (~6km/s) is an essential ingredient for the core Te rise. After pellet injection, the amplitude of higher k components increases, implying a reduction of correlation length. One possible interpretation is that there may be increased E × B shear.