Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tuning Size and Morphology of mPEG-b-p(HPMA-Bz) Copolymer Self-Assemblies Using Microfluidics

The careful design of nanoparticles, in terms of size and morphology, is of great importance to developing effective drug delivery systems. The ability to precisely tailor nanoparticles in size and morphology during polymer self-assembly was therefore investigated. Four poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(N-2-benzoyloxypropyl methacrylamide) mPEG-b-p(HPMA-Bz) block copolymers with a fixed hydrophilic block of mPEG 5 kDa and a varying molecular weight of the hydrophobic p(HPMA-Bz) block (A: 17.1, B: 10.0, C: 5.2 and D: 2.7 kDa) were self-assembled into nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation under well-defined flow conditions, using microfluidics, at different concentrations. The nanoparticles from polymer A, increased in size from 55 to 90 nm using lower polymer concentrations and slower flow rates and even polymer vesicles were formed along with micelles. Similarly, nanoparticles from polymer D increased in size from 35 to 70 nm at slower flow rates and also formed vesicles along with micelles, regardless of the used concentration. Differently, polymers B and C mainly self-assembled into micelles at the different applied flow rates with negligible size difference. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the self-assembly of mPEG-b-p(HPMA-Bz) block copolymers can be easily tailored in size and morphology using microfluidics and is therefore an attractive option for further scaled-up production activities.
RESPON PEMBERIAN DOSIS MINYAK SEREH (Cymbopogon citratus) UNTUK ANESTESI IKAN BOTIA (Chromobotia Macracanthus Bleeker) DENGAN METODE TRANSPORTASI TERTUTUP

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis yang optimal selama pembiusan dengan minyak sereh pada ikan botia dengan transportasi sistem tertutup . Pelaksanaan Penelitian ini diawali dari laboratorium basah Universitas Muhammadiyah Pontianak kabupaten Kubu Raya menggunakan transportasi darat pada pukul 07.00 WIB kemudian menuju kabupaten Pemangkat setelah itu menuju ke kabupaten Sambas dan kembali lagi ke laboratorium basah Universitas Muhammadiyah Pontianak di Pontianak, kabupaten Kubu raya pada pukul 20.00 WIB dan penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada hari minggu tanggal 8 febuari 2015 . Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulanga n dengan dosis minyak sereh yang dipergunakan antara lain adalah perlakuan A ( k ontrol), B (1ml/L), C (2ml/L), dan D (3ml/L ) . Parameter pengamatan yang dilakukan adalah tingkah laku ikan selama penelitian, masa induksi dan sedatif, kelangsungan hidup dan kualitas air. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan r espon dan tingkah laku ikan botia setelah menggunakan pembiusan minyak sereh menunjukan gejala ikan mulai panik, operculum agak cepat, aktifitas mulai melamban, serta respon ikan melemah pada saat minyak sereh mulai bereaksi. K ecenderungan konsentrasi pembiusan yang paling efektif untuk pengangkutan ikan botia dengan ukuran 3-5 cm adalah perlakuan B dengan dosis 1 ml/L dengan kelangsungan hidup rata-rata 76% . Kata kunci :minyak sereh, anestesi, ikan botia
Sub-seasonal prediction skill for the stratospheric meridional mass circulation variability in CFSv2

This study evaluates the prediction skill for the stratospheric mass circulation variability in winter (November–March) in the Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), from 2011 to 2018. Three stratospheric mass circulation indices measuring meridional mass transport into the polar stratosphere by the total flow (ST60N), wavenumber-1 (ST60N_W1), and wavenumber-2 waves (ST60N_W2) are considered. The variability of ST60N is mainly contributed by ST60N_W1 and ST60N_W2, and these indices are good indicators of the timing and locations of the continental-scale cold-air outbreaks (CAOs) at midlatitudes. Thus, their potentially useful prediction skill can be utilized to make sub-seasonal forecasts of CAOs in a dynamical and statistical hybrid paradigm. Systematic forecast bias is found in both the 7-year averaged winter mean and seasonal cycle, which is tied to the overestimation of damping in amplitude and westward tilting variations of total waves and difficulties in forecasting the exact contributions from different spatial scales of waves. The intraseasonal variations of stratospheric mass circulation indices, with the systematic forecast bias corrected, can be modestly predicted at a forecast lead time of about 20 days, in terms of both the anomaly value and timing of negative and positive peak events. The sub-seasonal predictability of the ST60N value mainly comes from the ST60N_W1, while the predictability of the timing of positive and negative peaks comes from the ST60N_W2. The 20-day prediction limit of the stratospheric mass circulation indices is mainly due to the 2-week limit of the CFSv2 model in predicting the variability of anomalous wave tilt angle, whereas the prediction limit of the wave amplitude anomaly can exceed 50 days.
SYN Flood Defense in Programmable Data Planes

The SYN flood attack is a common attack strategy as part of Distributed Denial-of-Service, which steadily becomes more frequent and of higher volume. To defend against SYN floods, preventing valuable service downtime, malicious traffic has to be separated from legitimate TCP requests. For this challenge, sophisticated filtering mechanisms operating at high bandwidths are needed. Modern programmable data plane devices can handle traffic in the 10 Gbit/s range without overloading. We discuss how we can harness their performance to defend entire networks against SYN flood attacks. Therefore, we analyze different defense strategies, SYN authentication and SYN cookie, and discuss implementation difficulties when ported to different target data planes: software, network processors, and FPGAs. We provide prototype implementations and performance figures for all three platforms.
Network Representation Learning Algorithm Based on Neighborhood Influence Sequence

Network representation learning (NRL) is playing an important role in network analysis, aiming to represent complex network more concisely by transforming nodes into low-dimensional vectors. However, most of the current work only uses network structure and node attribute to learn network representation, and often ignores the historical interactions between nodes that will aﬀect the future interactions. Therefore, we propose a network representation learning algorithm based on neighborhood inﬂuence sequence (NIS), by investigating the inﬂuence of node historical interactions on future interactions. We propose three kinds of inﬂuence when two nodes interact, and integrate them into NIS by introducing the Hawkes process. In experiments, we compare our model with existing NRL models on four real-world datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the embedding learned from the proposed NIS model achieve better performance than state-of-the-art methods in various tasks including node classiﬁcation,
The Reasons People Think About Staying and Leaving Their Romantic Relationships: A Mixed-Method Analysis

Across three studies (total N = 993) with diverse methodologies (i.e., experimental studies, longitudinal in vivo sampling), we found that there are distinct reasons why individuals believe their romantic relationship will become, or did become, less committed, and reasons why individuals believe their relationships will become, or became, more committed. Whereas the strongest endorsed reasons to stay (e.g., satisfaction) are the same as the strongest endorsed reasons to leave (e.g., dissatisfaction), there are many constructs that are more strongly endorsed as either leave reasons (e.g., quality of alternatives) or stay reasons (e.g., love). These reasons are important glimpses into the process that occurs when someone is deciding whether to stay or leave a relationship, and results empirically confirm a core tenet of Interdependence Theory that until now has been only theoretical (i.e., some outcomes contribute more motivation to staying in the current relationship, whereas others contribute more motivation to leaving).
Prevalence of invasive aspergillosis in suspected pulmonary tuberculosis at a referral tuberculosis hospital in Shandong, China

Abstract Although the progression of invasive aspergillosis (IA) shares some risk factors in the development of active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), however, the prevalence of IA in suspected PTB remains unclear. During a period of 1 year (from January 2016 to December 2016), consecutive patients with suspected PTB were included in a referral TB hospital. Data, including demographic information and underlying diseases, were collected from medical records. PTB were all confirmed by mycobacterial culture (Lowenstein–Jensen medium). IA were diagnosed as proven or probable according to the criteria of the 2008 EORTC/MSG definitions. A descriptive analysis was performed to estimate the corresponding prevalence. During the study year, 1507 patients have a positive mycobacterial culture, with a mean age of 45.6 (s.d. 19.9) years old and a female:male ratio of 1:4. Among the 82 patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases, two patients (2.44%, 95% CI 0.67–8.46%) were diagnosed as IA (one proven and one probable); two probable IA patients (0.15%, 95% CI 0.04–0.55%) were diagnosed in PTB patients (n = 1315), and all were retreatment cases. In addition, all four IA patients (100%) exhibited cavities in both lobes on radiograph. In China, the prevalence of IA is low in active PTB patients. However, when high-risk factors for IA are encountered in PTB patients, further investigations are required and empirically treatment for IA might be warranted.
Degenerative and regenerative pathways underlying Duchenne muscular dystrophy revealed by single-nucleus RNA sequencing

Significance Skeletal muscle is composed of multinucleated myofibers that are essential for movement and metabolism. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating disease that is caused by the lack of the dystrophin protein, which maintains the integrity of muscle membranes. The absence of dystrophin results in myofiber degeneration followed by regeneration until muscle stem cells are depleted. We generated a new DMD mouse model lacking exon 51 and then used single-nucleus RNA sequencing to reveal the transcriptional diversity of individual myofiber nuclei in dystrophic muscle compared to normal muscle. Our findings uncover disease-associated pathways responsible for muscle degeneration and regeneration that might ultimately be manipulated therapeutically and reveal an unrecognized regenerative myonuclear population associated with dystrophic muscle. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal muscle disorder characterized by cycles of degeneration and regeneration of multinucleated myofibers and pathological activation of a variety of other muscle-associated cell types. The extent to which different nuclei within the shared cytoplasm of a myofiber may display transcriptional diversity and whether individual nuclei within a multinucleated myofiber might respond differentially to DMD pathogenesis is unknown. Similarly, the potential transcriptional diversity among nonmuscle cell types within dystrophic muscle has not been explored. Here, we describe the creation of a mouse model of DMD caused by deletion of exon 51 of the dystrophin gene, which represents a prevalent disease-causing mutation in humans. To understand the transcriptional abnormalities and heterogeneity associated with myofiber nuclei, as well as other mononucleated cell types that contribute to the muscle pathology associated with DMD, we performed single-nucleus transcriptomics of skeletal muscle of mice with dystrophin exon 51 deletion. Our results reveal distinctive and previously unrecognized myonuclear subtypes within dystrophic myofibers and uncover degenerative and regenerative transcriptional pathways underlying DMD pathogenesis. Our findings provide insights into the molecular underpinnings of DMD, controlled by the transcriptional activity of different types of muscle and nonmuscle nuclei.
High‐Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I for Risk Stratification in Older Adults

Traditional cardiovascular risk factors are less predictive in older age. High‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs‐cTnI) is a marker of subclinical cardiomyocyte damage associated with cardiovascular risk in middle‐aged adults. We hypothesized hs‐cTnI would be indicative of mortality and cardiovascular risk beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors in older adults and may be more discriminatory compared to hs‐troponin T (hs‐cTnT).
The role of surface diffusion in the growth mechanism of III-nitride nanowires and nanotubes

The spontaneous growth of GaN nanowires (NWs) in absence of catalyst is controlled by the Ga flux impinging both directly on the top and on the side walls and diffusing to the top. The presence of diffusion barriers on the top surface and at the frontier between the top and the sidewalls, however, causes an inhomogeneous distribution of Ga adatoms at the NW top surface resulting in a GaN accumulation in its periphery. The increased nucleation rate in the periphery promotes the spontaneous formation of superlattices in InGaN and AlGaN NWs. In the case of AlN NWs, the presence of Mg can enhance the otherwise short Al diffusion length along the sidewalls inducing the formation of AlN nanotubes.
Nonlinear landscape and cultural response to sea-level rise

Past landscape change and human response to rising sea levels in island settings are shown to be nonlinear. Rising sea levels have been associated with human migration and behavioral shifts throughout prehistory, often with an emphasis on landscape submergence and consequent societal collapse. However, the assumption that future sea-level rise will drive similar adaptive responses is overly simplistic. While the change from land to sea represents a dramatic and permanent shift for preexisting human populations, the process of change is driven by a complex set of physical and cultural processes with long transitional phases of landscape and socioeconomic change. Here, we use reconstructions of prehistoric sea-level rise, paleogeographies, terrestrial landscape change, and human population dynamics to show how the gradual inundation of an island archipelago resulted in decidedly nonlinear landscape and cultural responses to rising sea levels. Interpretation of past and future responses to sea-level change requires a better understanding of local physical and societal contexts to assess plausible human response patterns in the future.
Role of Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4) in Determining Survival of Patients With Endometrial Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Background: Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is a novel cancer biomarker. This study evaluates the prognostic role of HE4 in determining the survival of endometrial cancer patients. Methods: Literature search was conducted in electronic databases (Embase, Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). Studies were selected if they reported the relationship between HE4 and the survival of endometrial cancer patients. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to achieve estimates of baseline serum HE4 levels, the 5-year survival with high and low serum HE4 levels/expression, and the hazard ratios (HRs) of the survival between patients with high and low serum HE4 levels. Results: 9 studies (1404 patients; age 63.1 years [95% confidence interval (CI): 61.2, 64.9]; follow-up 35.9 months [95% CI: 32.2, 39.6]) were included. In these patients, serum HE4 levels were 83.36 picomole/liter (pM) [95% CI: 70.15, 96.56] overall but these were higher in patients with recurrence (108.13 pM [95% CI: 63.09, 153.18] and lower in patients with no recurrence (67.88 pM [95% CI: 65.09, 70.67]). The 5-year overall survival rate was higher in patients with low HE4 levels/expression (86% [95% CI: 79, 92] but lower in patients with high HE4 levels/expression (63% [95% CI: 58, 68]. A pooled HR of survival between patients with high and low serum HE4 levels of 2.25 [95% CI: 1.56, 2.94] indicated shorter survival in patients with high serum HE4 levels. Conclusion: High HE4 concentrations in patients with endometrial cancer are found to be associated with shorter survival.
Postharvest Quality Extension of Minimally Processed Table Grapes by Chitosan Coating

ABSTRACT Demand for fresh grapes is increasing globally due to their rich composition in phenolic compounds, which have a strong antioxidant capacity. However, fresh table grapes deteriorate rapidly due to berry water loss and pathogen growth, which make it difficult to preserve without treatment. Chitosan coating, as a healthy, simple and innovative technology against to common SO2 fumigation, was tested at various concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0%) for the effectiveness on postharvest quality extension of detached grapes of ‘Alphonse Lavallée’ cultivar. Chitosan coating at all doses significantly retarded the loss in berry weight, extended the skin rupture force and total phenol content. Visual quality was higher due to coating the berries with chitosan. Chitosan at all concentrations was effective on delaying maturity index (used to express postharvest senescence) and changes in berry colour values such as L*, C and Hue angle. Among the applied doses, 1% chitosan solution can be recommended to apply since higher doses were more effective with similar results on overall quality features of berries. Overall findings demonstrated that chitosan as an edible coating with their unique barrier can be utilized as a natural preservative of detached grapes to extend the postharvest quality up to 28 days.
Predation risk and resource availability explain roost locations of WhimbrelNumenius phaeopusin a tropical mangrove delta

Roosts are important sites for shorebirds in non-breeding areas at night and during high tides. How the spatial configuration of food and risk of predation and disturbance influence roost site use in tropical locations remains poorly known. We analysed the locations of nocturnal roosts of Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus in mangroves of Sanquianga National Park, Colombia, with respect to variation in spatial variables related to food resources and risk of predation and disturbance. We contrasted characteristics of all 13 known nocturnal roost locations with those of all other mangrove islands (n = 209) within the limits of the park. We estimated the distance from roosts and other mangrove islands to foraging sites, and sources of predators and human disturbance. Larger areas of feeding habitat surrounded nocturnal roosts than other mangrove islands, and the average distance to individual feeding patches was shorter. Roosts were also more isolated than other islands, but proximity to sources of human disturbance did not differ. We conclude that Whimbrel roost site use in Sanquianga was best explained by a combination of access to feeding territories and isolation from potential sources of mainland predators, but not by avoidance of human disturbance. Beyond identifying factors influencing roost site selection, the large aggregations of individuals in single locations may suggest that presence of conspecifics itself also plays a role in the formation of Whimbrel roosts. We highlight the interaction of food and risk landscapes with intraspecific attraction on the roost site selection by Whimbrels and the importance of mangroves as roosting sites in tropical regions.
Predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio before the second biopsy while detecting atypical small acinar proliferation

Aim: In this study, we aimed to detect of predictive valueof neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio before the second biopsy while detecting atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) in high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. Material and Methods: Two thousand two hundred ninety five patients underwent 10-12 quadrant TRUSBP between January 2008 and January 2016 have been evaluated retrospectively. Seventy sixpatients, whose data were reached, are taken into the study. Before the first biopsy,total PSA (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA), rate of percentage of free to total prostate specific antigen (f/tPSA) rate, PSA density (PSAD),blood neutrophil count (NC) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)were measured. Second biopsy results and changes in the data are compared. Results: Benign prostate hyperplasia in 44 patients (57.89%),ASAP in 16 (21.05%) and prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) in 16 patients (21.05%)was detected. The patient’s age, tPSA, fPSA, t/fPSA, PSAD,NC and NLR were 63.29 years, 8.68ng/mL, 1.87ng/mL, 21.34%, 18.15 ng/ml2, 5.2710^3/μL and 2.95 in group 1 and 64.31 years, 8.62 ng/mL, 1.58ng/mL,21.01%, 20.18 ng/ml2, 7.5310^3/μL and 2.84 in group 2, respectively. Patient’s age, tPSA, fPSA, f/tPSA, PSAD, NC and NLR were not statistically significant between in two groups (p >0,05). Conclusions: We think that inflammation is a stimulant factor for PCa in patients with ASAP. So, before the first biopsy, it may be able to predict a cancer by considering NC and NLR in patients with ASAP. Although not significant, NC and NLR values were found to be higher in ASAP/malign than benign cases in the evaluation of ASAP patients before the second biopsy.
A novel prognostic biomarker for muscle invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma based on 11 DNA methylation signature

ABSTRACT Muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma (MIBC) is a highly invasive cancer, which leads to prevalent recurrence and poor prognosis. Exploring the association of DNA methylation and the prognosis of MIBC will thus be of important value in clinical management and treatment. Bumphunter method and adaptive lasso regression were used to explore the relationship between different methylation regions (DMRs) and the prognosis of MIBC. Next, we constructed a risk prognosis model and validated this model. Moreover, the performance of this risk model was examined by using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). We identified 58,449 different methylation sites and 490 different methylation regions. Among them, 11 DMRs were associated with the prognosis of MIBC through rigorous screening. Through the linear combination of 11 DMRs, a putative marker was developed, which can distinguish the survival risk in both the training dataset (HR = 2.58, 95% CI = (1.64, 4.05)) and the verification dataset (HR = 2.77, 95% CI = (1.25, 6.15)). Relatively high predictive values were observed from this model for training dataset (AUC = 0.791) and verification dataset (AUC = 0.668). Stratified analysis showed that the association was independent of gender. A nomogram was additionally generated to predict 5-year survival probability containing risk score and pathological stage. Its performance was evaluated by applying calibration curve. The methylation signature risk model based on 11 DMRs may be a reliable prognostic signature for MIBC, which provides new insights into development of individualized therapy for MIBC.