Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of Land Use Changes (Model Area: Nitra Town)

Abstract This paper deals with the new classification of land use changes. We chose Nitra town in Slovakia as a model area. We examined changes of land use for the period 2003-2013. The main result of this work is a table for types of land use changes and a map that shows the location of these changes in Nitra town. Nitra is constantly expanding its area and it is also significantly changing within its borders. Agriculturally used surroundings of the town are being transformed into build-up areas and industrial parks. This transformation causes a loss of agricultural land and vegetation, in general. Agriculture in this region has been gradually declining and disappearing in the past years. On the other side, urbanisation, technicisation and industrialisation are highly supported
Cooperative Communications Using Multilevel Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulations

—This paper deals with cooperative communications for non-ergodic block fading multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. A 2-level bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) with 16-QAM constellation is used in order to obtain a ﬂexible scheme where one or two users can share the resources of the relay node in order to achieve better performance. The block fading channel is assumed to be perfectly known at the receiver but not at the transmitter. The channel between the user and the relay is assumed to be error free. Iterative multistage decoding is done. The performance of the system is derived using Monte Carlo simulation.
Spectrum-based Security Bug Localization by Analyzing Error Propagation

Software security bug is one of the key threats to the security of software systems. Isolating security bugs that may be potential security bugs is important. We formalize a program error propagation based model (PEP), which used to be applied to locate integer bug and our contribution are as follows: We formulate a theory model based on the mechanism of how the security bug triggers the program error propagation and propose a security bug localization approach by applying spectrum-based fault-localization (SFL) technique, a novel method to locate software fault to alleviate false negative and false positive problem. Our experimental results show that ： 1)Our model is more effective than present ones to locate nearly 97% integer bug and buffer overflow which are the main security bugs by examining 50% codes on average; 2) Compared with the traditional techniques, SFL can find 100% of integer bugs and buffer overflow so it is a promising, technology roadmap to reduce false negative and false positive for locating security bugs.
THE INTERMOLT CYCLE OF CIRRIPEDS: CRITERIA FOR ITS STAGES AND ITS DURATION IN BALANUS AMPHITRITE

The intermolt cycle of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite is divided into three postecdysial, one interecdysial, and four proecdysial stages based on integumental changes in the cirri. Stage A is characterized by a seemingly single-layered exoskeleton and tortuous cirri. Stages B1, B2, and C are characterized by the increasing thickness of the endocuticle. Stage D0, D1, D2, and D3 are characterized by the progression of setogenesis, formation of the new exoskeleton, and resorption of the old endocuticle. The durations of the intermolt stages have a wide variability. The integumental changes both within and between the rami of an animal progress synchronously. The criteria allows the use of live, intact animals taken at random from laboratory or field populations. The method is assumed to be applicable to all thoracic cirripeds as long as the exoskeleton is transparent enough to allow microscopic examination.The duration of the intermolt cycles of adult specimens of B. amphitrite varied from 1.5 to 23.5 days .
Nuevas técnicas de producción masiva automatizada de Hypothenemus hampei sobre la dieta artificial Cenibroca modificada

An automated system for the mass rearing of coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) was developed at the National Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS in the United States. A modified Cenibroca artificial diet consisting of coffee, agar, casein, yeast, inhibitors, vitamins and preservatives was used in the CBB rearing program. A novel cell design was developed for the 32 cell trays that were made with 20.0 mil gauge and 30 x 14.6 x 1.1cm wide polyvinylchloride plastic. The 32 cell trays were filled with diet from an automated diet dispenser adapted to dispense the modified Cenibroca artificial diet. The CBB colony was established and maintained using this rearing system for 70 continuous generations without affecting its activity, fecundity, weight, and size. This rearing system was sufficient to produce nine hundred thousand males and females CBB in 20 liters of diet.
Floral coloration and pigmentation in Calibrachoa cultivars

Summary The ¯oral pigment pro®les of twenty in Calibrachoa cultivars were determined and compared with the pro®les of selected Petunia cultivars. Calibrachoas could be divided into two groups based on high (177±871.mgg±1 FW) and low 2±9.mg g±1 FW) carotenoid content; the groups were represented by yellow and white ¯owers, respectively. In addition to yellow cultivars, the high carotenoid content group included vivid-red and vivid-purplish-red cultivars that were characterized by a low ¯oral pH of 4.5±4.8 and accumulation of delphinidin and petunidin, respectively, as the major ¯oral anthocyanidin. In addition to cultivars with white ¯owers, the low carotenoid content group contained vivid-purple and vivid-red-purple cultivars that were characterized by higher (pH 5.4±5.7) and intermediate (pH 4.8±5.3) corolla pHs, respectively, and accumulation of malvidin. The strategies of calibrachoas and petunias for expressing yellow and red ¯owers were found to differ. For yellow ¯owers, calibrachoas use carotenoids, whereas petunias use ¯avonols plus carotenoids. For red ¯owers, calibrachoas use carotenoids, delphinidin and lower corolla pH, whereas petunias use cyanidin and lower corolla pH.
Population structure, linkage disequilibrium and association mapping for morphological traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

ABSTRACT Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the most important oil crops worldwide. Ago-morphological traits are important for sunflower breeders in selection of genotypes with high performance and other traits. The objectives of this study were to determine the population structure and linkage disequilibrium among 106 dispersed sunflower genotypes and to identify the genomic regions associated with agro-morphological traits using the association mapping approach. High genetic variability was observed among the sunflower genotypes for the studied agro-morphological traits. In molecular experiments, the genetic variability among the genotypes was assessed by using simple sequence repeat (SSR, or microsatellite), inter-retrotransposon-amplified polymorphism (IRAP) and retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP) markers. In this study, 248 loci were detected using 28 IRAP and REMAP primers and also a total number of 67 alleles were detected using 30 SSR loci. The studied sunflower lines were divided into two subpopulations using IRAP + REMAP data and into five subpopulations using SSR data. By using a mixed linear model procedure, 224 loci showed significant association with quantitative trait loci controlling the investigated traits. The identified and associated markers are expected to be useful in marker-aided selection in sunflower breeding programmes.
Comparison of bacteria diversity between tobacco plantation soils of rotational cropping and continuous cropping

Total DNA of microbe in rotational cropping and continuous cropping soil were extracted and amplified by PCR with universally bacteria-specific rDNA primers.Clone libraries were set up to evaluate responses of soil bacteria community to different tobacco cropping systems(rotational and continuous cropping). PCR-RFLP analysis was carried out with restriction endonuclease Hae III and Afa I.147 and 177 types of restriction endonuclease were obtained from these samples.Statistical analysis using diversity index measurement showed both Shannon-wiener index and species richness of rotational cropping soil were higher than that in continuous cropping soil.Bacterial phylogenetic trees of the samples revealed that Acidobacteria was dominant group in continuous cropping soil library while acidobacteria,γ-proteobacterium,α-proteobacterium were in rotational cropping soil library.It indicated that rotational farming system could improve bacterial diversity of soil while continuous cropping could simplify bacterial community structure.This phenomenon might cause functional disorder in bacterial community and destruction of ecological balance in rhizosphere soil.It might be one of the factors resulted in continuous cropping obstacle.
The use of a xenogenic collagen matrix (Mucograft®) in the treatment of the implant site: a literature review

In 1957, the term of mucogingival surgery is introduced by Friedman in order to indicate “the surgical procedures aimed to preserve keratinized gingival tissue, remove aberrant frenulum or muscle attachments, and increase vestibular depth” (1). During the following years the promotion of periodontal health and the improvement of patient’s aesthetic become mucogingival surgery’s targets together with the preservation or creation of keratinized gingival tissue (2). However, only in 2012 Zucchelli introduced a more complete definition, including among the objectives of mucogingival surgery also the increased gingival height and thickness around prosthetic elements or implants (3). In general there were two schools of thought: the first, subsequently denied, believed the presence of a sufficient keratinized gingiva is necessary for the periodontal health Review Article
ANNUAL URBAN BUILT-UP CHANGE AREA ONLINE EXTRACTION USING LANDSAT TIME SERIES DATA

Abstract. Urban built-up area change information in multiple periods is a pivotal factor in global climate change application and sustainable development research. Due to spatial-temporal expression of land cover types, processing speed and operability, built-up area change information extraction using Landsat time series data is still a challenging task. To provide insights into the inter-annual dynamic of land use change, focusing on how time series characteristics improves recognition of urban change and how much online extraction convenience is facilitated, this paper presents a new methodology to built-up change area extraction using inter-annual time series of Landsat images. The central premise of the approach is that time series characteristics are firstly expressed by spectral index. The logistic algorithm is then used in time series trajectory modelling of land cover types for annual urban built-up change area extraction. Finally, the individual steps of the whole process, including image selection, time series trajectory modelling and results display, are converted to web service for online processing. The further comparison is also conducted between the proposed method and post-classification comparison method. Results show that the online processing mode has strengths regarding the provision of functionality to user-end, the automation of recurring tasks or the sharing of workflows. Results also demonstrate that the proposed method improves the accuracy of annual urban built-up change area extraction.
Quantitative Expression Analysis of Functional Genes in Four Dog Breeds

One of the domesticated species; the dog has been selectively bred for various aims by human. The dog has many breeds, which are artificially selected for specific behaviors and morphologies. Dogs contribute their life to human as working dogs for guide, rescue, detection or etc. Working dogs requires good personality, such as gentleness, robustness and patience for performing their special duty. Many studies have concentrated on finding genetic marker for selecting the high-quality working dog. In this study, we confirmed quantitative expression patterns of eight genes (ABAT; 4-Aminobutyrate Aminotransferase, PLCB1; Phospholipase C, Beta 1, SLC10A4; Solute Carrier Family 10, Member 4, WNT1; Wingless-Type MMTV Integration Site Family, Member 1, BARX2; BarH-Like Homeobox 2, NEUROD6; Neuronal Differentiation 6, SEPT9; Septin 9 and TBR1; T-Box, Brain, 1) among brains tissues from four dog breeds (Beagle, Sapsaree, Shepherd and Jindo), because these genes were expressed and have functions in brain mostly. Specially, BARX2, SEPT9, SLC10A4, TBR1 and WNT1 genes were highly expressed in Beagle and Jindo, and Sapsaree and German Shepherd were vice versa. The biological significance of total genes was estimated by database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery (DAVID) to determine a different gene ontology (GO) class. In these analyses, we suppose to these eight genes could provide influential information for brain development, and intelligence of organisms. Taken together, these results could provide clues to discover biomarker related to functional traits in brain, and beneficial for selecting superior working dogs.
Using manipulatives in upper secondary math education-a semiotic analysis

The use of manipulatives in upper secondary education is not common, although they hold learning potential in contributing to students' conceptualizing and establishing of relations. In this case study it is investigated how the concept of recursive sequences as a description of growth can be seen in the written reflections from students having engaged in activities with manipulatives like matches and LEGO ® and with only minor teacher interference. The analysis of students' answers is carried out by a combination of Radford's Theory of Objectification and Peirce's Theory of Signs. By interpreting the type of signs, the kind of arguing and the nature of the words used by students in various activities involving manipulatives, it is possible to acquire knowledge of the significance of the manipulatives in students' conceptualizing.
Ruminal and morphometric parameters of rumen and intestine in lambs fed guava (Psidium guajava L.) agroindustrial waste

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of guava agroindustrial waste (GAW) on ruminal parameters (pH, N-NH3, and microbial protein), volatile fatty acid (VFA), and morphometry of the rumen and intestine of sheep. A total of forty Santa Ines sheep (120 days old and 21.3±2.62 kg) were used. The animals were fed diets with 0, 7.5, 15, 22.5, and 30% inclusion of GAW. The pH, ammonia nitrogen, microbial protein, and VFA were evaluated in the ruminal [. ]
Biopsychosocial and Spiritual Implications of Patients With COVID-19 Dying in Isolation

Critically ill patients with the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are dying in isolation without the comfort of their family or other social support in unprecedented numbers. Recently, healthcare teams at COVID-19 epicenters have been inundated with critically ill patients. Patients isolated for COVID-19 have had no contact with their family or loved ones and may have likely experienced death without closure. This situation highlights concerns about patients’ psychological and spiritual well-being with COVID-19 and their families, as they permanently part ways. While palliative care has advanced to adequately address these patients’ needs, the COVID-19 pandemic presents several barriers that force healthcare teams to deprioritize these essential aspects of patient care. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003 gave us a glimpse of these challenges as these patients were also isolated in hospitals. Here, we discuss the importance of the biopsychosocial spiritual model in end-of-life care and its implications on patients dying with COVID-19. Furthermore, we outline an integrative approach to address the unique and holistic needs of critically ill patients dying with COVID-19. These include intentional and increased coordination with trained palliative care staff, early and frequent goals of care including discussion of end-of-life plans, broader use of technology to improve connectedness, and shared decision making with patients’ families.
The kinetic theory of simple and composite monatomic gases : viscosity, thermal conduction, and diffusion

The mean-free-path phenomena of gases can be explained in a general way by a very elementary form of the kinetic theory, but to develop a satisfactory mathematical treatment of them, yielding accurate numerical results, is less easy. The difficulty varies to some extent with the nature of the molecular model chosen as basis. It is curious that the adoption of one particular model, viz., a centre of force varying inversely as the fifth power of the distance, removes nearly all the analytical complications in the theory. The first accurate treatment of viscosity, conduction, and diffusion, due to Maxwell, was made possible by this fact, and it is remarkable that Maxwell’s theory requires no knowledge of the velocity-distribution function corresponding to the non-uniform state of the gas. If the molecules are of any other type, the function must be determined, a task wherein lies the main difficulty of the investigation. It is, however, of more than mathematical interest to widen the basis of the theory, since Maxwell’s molecular model does not satisfactorily represent the molecules of actual gases.
[Introduction]

Light has an incredible effect on microalgal growth, and the self-shading of microalgal cells reduces light penetration. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris was cultivated in a flat panel PBR, and the effect of light path and biomass concentration (C= 0.142 1.7 g L) on light attenuation inside the PBR was investigated and discussed. The results showed that with an increase in biomass concentration, light intensity decreased sharply, especially in regions 2-4 cm from the light incident surface, which suggested that flat-panel PBRs be constructed with < 4 cm width. Also, when biomass concentration was 1.7 g L, light intensity decreased 92% over the first 2 cm. However, when biomass concentration was 0.142 g L, light intensity only falls 57%. The optimum biomass concentration was 1 g L to avoid having lower-than optimum light intensity inside the PBR and, also, to have the highest lipid production rate.
THE EFFECT OF THEMATIC PATTERNING TECHNIQUE ON STUDENTS’ WRITING COMPETENCY OF TENTH GRADE STUDENTS AT SMAN 4 SINGARAJA

This study aimed at investigating whether there is a significant effect of the implementation of Thematic Patterning Technique on students’ writing competency of the tenth grade students at SMAN 4 Singaraja. This is an experimental research. The population of this study was the tenth grade students. There were two classes, consist of 75 students who were chosen as the samples of the study. Random sampling was used in order to find out the Experimental group and the Control group. This study was designed Posttest Only Non Equivalent Control Group design. The results of the posttest were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Moreover, the results found that there was a significant difference of implementing thematic patterning technique on students’ writing competency of tenth-grade students at SMAN 4 Singaraja since, the students who were taught by using thematic patterning technique got higher score than students who were taught by using conventional technique (inquiry).
Assessment of the threatened carnivore community in the recently expanded rainforest protected area Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve, Madagascar

Madagascar is an island nation renowned for its biodiversity and species endemism, yet it is still largely understudied despite intense anthropogenic threats including forest loss and edge effects. Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve is a recently expanded rainforest protected area that is lacking detailed surveys and assessments of the native carnivore community of the endemic family Eupleridae. To identify which terrestrial carnivores occupy the reserve and what anthropogenic disturbances and factors best explain their occurrence patterns, we deployed 35 motion-activated cameras to detect native and introduced carnivores. From November 2018 to February 2019, we collected 2918 unique capture events (all species) and confirmed the presence of 5 euplerids: Galidia elegans, Galidictis fasciata, Eupleres goudotii, Fossa fossana, and Cryptoprocta ferox. These results extend the known range of E. goudotii and G. fasciata. In the reserve, F. fossana and G. elegans were the most common and widespread native carnivores, while E. goudotii was the rarest. We highlight the negative impact of edge effects on G. fasciata and F. fossana and the threat posed by the free-ranging non-native carnivore C. familiaris. This study represents the first detailed survey and occurrence estimates of the carnivore community of this protected area, allowing comparison with other protected areas in Madagascar. Our empirical findings show that anthropogenic disturbance negatively impacts carnivore existence within the Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve and provide important management recommendations for protecting the carnivore community and the co-occurring wildlife living within this area.
Determinants of Technical Efficiency in Wheat Production in Ethiopia

Ethiopia is the second largest wheat producing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and most people rely on rain fed agriculture for their livelihoods. Wheat production has increased from 2,176,603 tons in 2005 to 4,219,257 tons in 2016 with 51.6% production volume increment. However, this production cannot meet the consumption demand and obliged to import wheat because of rapid population growth. This study intended to determine the technical efficiency of smallholder wheat farmers in Ethiopia. The main objective of study was to examine the effect of demographic, socioeconomic and institutional factors on technical efficiency of small holder wheat farmers in Ethiopia. The study used household level cross sectional data collected in 2015/16 cropping season from 1611 sample farmers selected by multistage sampling technique. A stochastic production frontier and two-limit Tobit regression models were used to estimate level of technical efficiency and identify factors affecting technical efficiency respectively. The study indicated that the average technical efficiency level of wheat producing farmers was 62% implying that there was technical efficiency variation among smallholder farmers in the study area. The result implied that there is an opportunity for wheat producers to increase output at existing levels of inputs with present technologies. By shifting the average farmer to the production frontier, the average yield would increase by 0.5 tons per hectare. The two-limit Tobit regression model results showed that experience of growing wheat, family size, own farm labor, livestock size, extension contact and training had positive and significant effect on technical efficiency. However, distant wheat plot have a negative and significance effect on technical efficiency level of the farmers. This suggests attention to productivity gains arising from efficient use of existing technologies is necessary. Therefore, the study suggested, policies and strategies should be directed towards increasing productivity through improving efficiency of the production process.