Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatment outcomes of a crisis intervention program for dementia with severe psychiatric complications: the Kansas bridge project.

PURPOSE Although declines in memory and attention are hallmark symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), noncognitive symptoms are prevalent. Over 80% of individuals will experience neuropsychiatric symptoms, which complicates symptom profiles. Research indicates a community-integrated response to dementia crisis can reduce negative consequences attributed to crisis including increased caregiver burden, increased health care costs, and premature institutionalizations. DESIGN AND METHODS The Kansas Dementia Crisis Bridge Project is a multidisciplinary collaboration to provide direct support in critical situations to reduce psychiatric rehospitalizations. Coordinators provided counsel and dementia education to families throughout critical period of acute neuropsychiatric symptoms, facilitated professional involvement, and provided crisis prevention planning through crisis review. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire and Geriatric Depression Scale were used to measure the impact of neuropsychiatric symptoms and Bridge interventions on patient and caregivers. RESULTS The Bridge project significantly reduced patient anxiety, depression, resistance to care, impulsive behavior, verbal outbursts, and wandering. Caregivers reported significantly reduced anxiety, apathy, resistance to care, and less distress over patient neuropsychiatric symptoms. Caregivers also reported increased confidence in managing difficult behaviors, and the project effectively reduced or resolved neuropsychiatric crisis. The project delayed nursing home placement for community-dwelling patients. IMPLICATIONS Crisis support models like the Bridge project reduce strain on care-delivery systems by incorporating nonpharmacological interventions, assisting families with communication, and reducing family distress during symptom crises. Although much of AD research focuses on disease-modifying medical interventions, aging and care systems in the state must simultaneously move towards dependency-modifying care interventions.
Prokaryotic iron superoxide dismutase replaces cytosolic copper, zinc superoxide dismutase in protecting yeast cells against oxidative stress

The iron superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) gene of Escherichia coli was cloned in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells deficient in copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,ZnSOD). FeSOD replaced Cu,ZnSOD in protecting the yeast cells against oxidative stress. In the recombinant strains the FeSOD gene, which was under the transcriptional control of the yeast phosphoglycerate kinase gene promoter, was functionally expressed at two different levels on episomal and centromeric plasmids. Despite suppression of methionine and lysine auxotrophy, the higher level of FeSOD activity was more beneficial to growth of the mutant yeast cells only when these were exposed to higher levels of oxidative stress induced by paraquat or 100% oxygen. In the presence of paraquat, there was a novel stimulation of FeSOD activity. This was associated with a marked increase in catalase activity, and a decrease in glutathione reductase activity.
Control of Cell Proliferation by Heparan Sulfate and Heparin-Binding Growth Factors

A dual receptor mechanism involving heparan sulfate proteo­ glycans (HSPG) and tyrosine kinase receptors is operating in signal transduction and cell proliferation induced by various heparin-binding growth factors. The present study focuses on the interaction between basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and low-affinity heparan sulfate (HS) accessory receptor sites on the cell surface and extracellular matrix (ECM). The involvement of HS in bFGF receptor binding and growth promoting activity was demonstrated by applying HS-deficient cell mutants, HS-degrading enzymes, soluble xyloside primers of HS synthesis, metabolic inhibitors of sulfation and various species of HS, heparin and synthetic polyanionic heparin-mimicking compounds. Using HS deficient cells we have characterized structural requirements (i.e., size of heparin-derived oligosaccharides, sulfation level and position) for restoration of bFGF receptor binding and signaling and identified inhibitory species of HS derived from arterial tissue. We have also identified a series of heparin-mimicking poly­ anionic aromatic compounds that inhibited bFGF mediated cell proliferation. These compounds inhibited dimerization ofbFGF induced by heparin and HS as well as bFGF binding to its high-affinity tyrosine kinase cell surface receptors. In other studies we investigated the involvement ofbFGF and HS in the growth promoting activity of the subendothelial ECM . It was found that bFGF is deposited
The concise argument

Alan Cribb is one of my favourite medical ethicists, not only because I count him as one of my friends, but primarily because he writes wonderfully nuanced and insightful papers. In this issue we are pleased to publish a paper by Alan asking whether there is a theory–practice gap in medical ethics, and, if so, how best to bridge it ( see page 207 ). Does medical ethics need a ‘translational ethics’ movement along the lines of the translational medicine movement that tries to bridge the research–therapy gap? Alan argues that there is a theory–practice gap in medical ethics, but that such a gap is probably inevitable for, as he notes: ‘Doing scholarship is doing something different from policy or practice’. And scholarship and policy-making have different ends, goals and objectives. We could attempt to bridge this gap through an ‘Enlightenment model’ where medical ethics informs policy-making in different ways, but this model has its …
SOLUBILITY OF BENZOIC ACID AND RELATED COMPOUNDS IN A SERIES OF ETA-ALKANOLS.

The solubility of benzoic acid and esters of p -hydroxybenzoic acid were determined in a series of n -alkanols, and Hildebrand′s solubility parameters were assigned to these compounds. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical solubility calculated from the Hildebrand equation for regular solutions. Fair agreement was found for methyl and ethyl p -hydroxybenzoic acid, but propyl and butyl p -hydroxybenzoic acid and benzoic acid agreed less favorably. Hildebrand′s equation appears most applicable to solvents whose solubility parameters are quite similar to those of the solutes; it is strictly applicable to nonpolar rather than polar systems.
Информационная безопасность предприятия в глобальной экономике

The article deals with some parameters characterizing the role of the BRICS in the global economic system. The authors define the conditions and factors of the BRICS attractiveness for foreign investors. Special attention is paid to the development prospects of the BRICS group based on the implementation of one''s own strategic interests, creation of joint development institutions, attraction of new participants, and expansion of activities of the Business Council. Taking into account the current political and economic situation in the world, geographical situation of the countries and available resources, it is possible that the association will play a prominent role in the global economy.
Endotracheal intubation, but not laryngeal mask airway insertion, produces reversible bronchoconstriction.

BACKGROUND Tracheal intubation frequently results in an increase in respiratory system resistance that can be reversed by inhaled bronchodilators. The authors hypothesized that insertion of a laryngeal mask airway would be less likely to result in reversible bronchoconstriction than would insertion of an endotracheal tube. METHODS Fifty-two (45 men, 7 women) patients were randomized to receive a 7.5-mm (women) or 8-mm (men) endotracheal tube or a No. 4 (women) or No. 5 (men) laryngeal mask airway. Anesthesia was induced with 2 microg/kg fentanyl and 5 mg/kg thiopental, and airway placement was facilitated with 1 mg/kg succinylcholine. When a seal to more than 20 cm water was verified, respiratory system resistance was measured immediately after airway placement. Inhalation anesthesia was begun with isoflurane to achieve an end-tidal concentration of 1% for 10 min. Respiratory system resistance was measured again during identical conditions. RESULTS Among patients receiving laryngeal mask airways, the initial respiratory system resistance was significantly less than among patients with endotracheal tubes (9.2+/-3.3 cm water x 1(-1) x s(-1) [mean +/- SD] compared with 13.4+/-9.6 cm water x 1(-1) x s(-1); P < 0.05). After 10 min of isoflurane, the resistance decreased to 8.6+/-3.6 cm water x 1(-1) x s(-1) in the endotracheal tube group but remained unchanged at 9.1+/-3.3 cm water x 1(-1) x s(-1) in the laryngeal mask airway group. The decrease in respiratory system resistance in the endotracheal tube group of 4.7+/-7 cm water x 1(-1) x s(-1) was highly significant compared with the lack of change in the laryngeal mask airway group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Resistance decreased rapidly only in patients with endotracheal tubes after they received isoflurane, a potent bronchodilator, suggesting that reversible bronchoconstriction was present in patients with endotracheal tubes but not in those with laryngeal mask airways. A laryngeal mask airway is a better choice of airway to minimize airway reaction.
Developmental constraints on an adaptive plasticity: reaction norms of pigmentation in adult segments of Drosophila melanogaster

SUMMARY Variation of dark pigmentation according to developmental temperature was investigated in two geographic populations (France and India) with the isofemale line technique (20 lines for each population). The response curves called the reaction norms, were established in females for seven different segments: the mesothorax and abdomen segments 2–7 (Abd 2–7). In all cases the response curves were non‐linear and had to be described either by a quadratic convex polynomial for thorax and Abd 2–5, or by a cubic polynomial for Abd 6 and 7. Among abdomen segments, increasing antero‐posterior gradients were observed for several traits, including average pigmentation, overall phenotypic plasticity, the temperature of minimum pigmentation, and the curvature parameter of quadratic norms. Genetic correlations between abdomen segments were high when adjacent segments were considered, but became nil when more distant segments were correlated, suggesting that different pigmentation genes are expressed in the anterior and the posterior part of the abdomen. Characteristic values of reaction norms provided information either on trait value (i.e., the extension of pigmentation) or on plasticity. Correlations between plasticity and pigmentation were generally low and non‐significant, suggesting their genetic independence. The overall darker pigmentation which is observed at low temperatures is assumed to be an adaptive plasticity. However, the differences which are evidenced among segments reveal strong interactions with developmental genes. These interactions are less likely to be a consequence of natural selection and are better interpreted as developmental constraints. The reaction norms analysis reveals the complexity of these interactions and should help, in the future, in the identification of the responsible thermosensitive genes.
Semantic Facutation in Aphasia: Effects of Time and Expectancy

Two auditory lexical decision semantic priming experiments were conducted to examine the extent to which the automaticcontrolled processing dichotomy can characterize lexical access deficits in Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics. In Experiment 1, prime-target predictability was varied while the interval between prime and target (ISI) was held constant. In Experiment 2, ISI was varied while prime-target predictability was held constant. The pattern of semantic facilitation and inhibition results for Experiment 1 showed that Broca's aphasics were influenced by prime-target predictability, whereas Wernicke's aphasics were not. In contrast in hperiment 2, manipulations of ISI at 150 and 2000 msec did not affect patterns of semantic facilitation for either Broca's or Wernicke's aphasics. Taken together, the results of these two experiments suggest that Broca's aphasics use heuristic strategies more so than old and young normal subjects. In addition, they seem to have an automatic processing deficit affecting the level of activation of lexical entries, with a spared time course of activation. Wernicke's aphasics show a pattern of results consistent with the view that automatic processing is unimpaired in these patients, while they fail to use heuristic strategies in these tasks.
Ultra-thin spoof surface plasmonic structure and its application to bandpass filter design

In this paper, the dispersions and electromagnetic wave transmission of higher-order modes in a kind of ultra-thin spoof surface plasmonic structures, the conformal surface plasmon (CSP) structure, have been explored at microwave frequency. The transmission spectrum shows a multi-passband characteristic. To eliminate the radiation loss associated with the higher-order modes, a ground plane is introduced to the CSP structure, and it is found that the dispersion curves and transmission spectrum exhibit the similar feature as that of the CSP structure without ground, but with much less radiation loss. The multiband transmission characteristic of the CSP structure has also been applied to design bandpass filter (BPF). It is found that by combining CSP structures with different groove depth the passband of the BPF could be tuned. The designed BPFs have been validated with both the full-wave simulations and the measurements on fabricated prototype at microwave frequency.
pH-dependent fusion between the Semliki Forest virus membrane and liposomes.

Semliki Forest virus was mixed with liposomes containing phosphatidylcholine,phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, and cholesterol. When the pH of the mixture was dropped to 6 or below, rapid fusion between the membranes of the virus and the liposomes occurred, resulting in the transfer of viral nucleocapsids into the liposomes. Fusion was demonstrated biochemically by trapping RNase or trypsin within the liposomes. Trapped RNase digested the viral RNA into acid-soluble form, providing a simple quantitative assay for fusion. Trapped trypsin digested the viral capsid protein. Fusion was also demonstrated by electron microscopy as the formation of large vesicles containing viral glycoproteins on the surface and nucleocapsids inside. The efficiency of fusion was 91 +/- 6%. In addition to low pH, it required that the viral glycoproteins be intact. In the target liposomes, cholesterol (but none of the individual phospholipids) was essential. Divalent cations were not required. Our previous studies with tissue culture cells indicated that the final step in the penetration of the Semliki Forest virus genome into host cells might involve a fusion event between the membrane of lysosomally trapped viruses and the lysosomal membrane [Helenius, A. , Kartenbeck, J., Simons, K. & Fries, E. (1980) J. Cell Biol, 84, 404--420]. The data presented here are fully compatible with this hypothesis.
Cooperative Sequential Sensing of Radio Transmissions in 5G with Improved Cost-Delay Tradeoff

The fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks are generally anticipated to be heterogeneous, consisting of macro cells, wireless local area networks, device-to-device networks, ad hoc networks, and so forth. The spectrum occupancy varies on spatial and temporal basis. So sensing the variation of spectrum occupancy and informing the resource scheduler can optimize the utilization efficiency of spectrum. Especially for deployment of cognitive radio in 5G, spectrum sensing is regarded as a key technique. In this work, we study the cooperative sensing in 5G heterogeneous wireless networks with a centralized control module. By formulating this cooperative sensing problem as a sequential binary hypothesis test problem, the number of unnecessary data samples and the associated cost is substantially reduced, with guaranteed detection precision. We develop a cooperative sequential detection algorithm, in which multiple geographically diverse sensors are sequentially set up to measure and transmit measurement results on demand. Furthermore, we consider different sensor sampling schemes to address the cost-delay tradeoff problems and then propose a conditional mean activation and sampling algorithm, in which the number of required samples is predicted based on the quality of the collected samples. The performances of different sensor sampling schemes are demonstrated under different sensing environments.
Influence of Deteriorating Ability of Emotional Comprehension on Interpersonal Behavior in Alzheimer-Type Dementia

This study investigated the relationship between the ability to recognize emotion and interpersonal behavior in dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). After examining the validity and reliability of the Emotion Recognition Test (ERT), an improved version of the tasks used by Shimokawa et al. (2000), 100 patients with DAT underwent evaluation for general cognition using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and emotion recognition using the ERT. Within a week of these tests being administered, ward staff rated the patients using the Interpersonal Behavior Checklist (IBC), composed of two behavior scales: indifference to interpersonal relationships and difficulties with patient treatment/management. After investigating the validity and reliability of the scales, the correlations between the MMSE, the ERT, and the two scales of the IBC were calculated. The results suggested that the MMSE did not correlate with either of the two behavior scales, while the ERT correlated significantly with both of the scales. The study results lead to the conclusion that deteriorating emotion recognition ability, rather than deterioration of general cognition, influences the indifferent and awkward interpersonal behaviors of DAT patients.
Early-deafened adult cochlear implant users: assessment of outcomes.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether adults deafened in the prelingual and perilingual stages of speech development realize objective and subjective benefits from cochlear implantation. METHOD Retrospective analysis of the open-set speech recognition and subjective data such as use and quality of life. RESULTS Between 1989 and 1999, 198 deafened adults underwent cochlear implantation at Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre. Of these, 44 patients were deafened pre- or perilingually. These subjects were implanted with a Nucleus 22, Nucleus 24 (Cochlear Corporation, Denver, Colorado, USA), or Clarion (Advanced Bionics Corporation, Sylmar, California, USA) device. The average age at implantation was 34 years (range 14-62 years). Significant differences in speech perception, as measured by a composite score of open-set word, phoneme, and sentence recognition, were found among groups who differed by type of education and communication training received in childhood. CONCLUSION By and large, open-set speech recognition in prelingually and perilingually deafened adults is inferior to that achieved in postlingually deafened adults and varies according to the type of communication training they received. However, cochlear implants have significantly improved the overall communication skills and quality of life in all subgroups of patients.
Genetic similarity among Eurasian subspecies of boreal owls Aegolius funereus

Boreal owls Aegolius funereus (referred to as Tengmalm's owls in Europe) breed in boreal forests throughout the Holarctic region and in high-elevation subalpine forests further south. They are currently classified as seven subspecies; six found throughout Eurasia, and one in North America. The geographic distribution of boreal owls in North America and Eurasia is similar, as are their patterns of dispersal and irruption. Because a recent genetic study of boreal owls in North America found very little genetic differentiation among widely disparate locations, we expected that boreal owls in Eurasia similarly would have very little genetic differentiation. Using seven microsatellite markers, we analyzed genetic samples from 275 boreal owls in North America, 36 in Norway, and five in eastern Russia. We found no detectable genetic differentiation between Norwegian and Russian owls, but notable differentiation between North American and Eurasian owls. Low intra-continental genetic differentiation likely results from high rates of long-distance dispersal among subpopulations of boreal owls. In light of these results, we recommend further genetic sampling of boreal owls throughout Eurasia in order to determine whether six separate subspecies here are warranted.
Polarized Release of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 from Cultured Human Placental Syncytiotrophoblasts1

Abstract The large increase in placental surface area and fetal villous vascular development in the third trimester of pregnancy requires degradation and reformation of the placental basal lamina. Degradation is carried out by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) secreted by adjacent cells. Although the gelatinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, which are released by extravillous cytotrophoblasts (CTs) are believed to play crucial roles in early placental expansion, neither has been reported in third trimester villous trophoblasts nor has appropriate (basolateral) release of any MMP by the highly polarized syncytiotrophoblast (ST) been demonstrated. We demonstrated villous trophoblast expression of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 by in situ immunohistochemistry and by Western blot analysis and zymography of lysates and culture supernatants of highly purified villous CTs. We also found that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated CT differentiation into ST and stimulation by the phorbol diester, PMA, both increase MMP-9 secretion. The direction of MMP release was determined with confluent cultures of ST on porous membranes. We found that >90% of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were released from the basolateral surface. We conclude that villous STs express and release gelatinases from their basolateral surfaces in a regulated manner and suggest that such polarized release may be important to villous tissue remodeling.