Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction admittance based modeling of multi-paralleled grid-connected inverter with LCL-filter

This paper investigates the mutual interaction and stability issue of multi-parallel LCL-filtered inverters. The stability and power quality of multiple grid-tied inverters are gaining more and more research attention as the penetration of renewables increases. In this paper, interactions and coupling effects among the multi-paralleled inverters and power grid are explicitly revealed. An Interaction Admittance concept is introduced to express and model the interaction through the physical admittances of the network. Compared to the existing modeling methods, the proposed analysis provides a more intuitive and clear explanation on the system resonance and stability. Simulation and experimental results are provided for verifying the theoretical analysis.
Comparison of Two Phantoms for Body Composition with Dual‐Energy X‐ray Absorptiometry

The Variable Composition Phantom or VCP (Lunar Corp., Madison, WI) consists of acrylic blocks and thin sheets of PVC and vinyl used to simulate five different percent fat values. The total weight is about 10 kilograms. The Whole Body Phantom or WBP (Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA) is larger than the VCP and has aluminum embedded in it to simulate the skeleton. It consists of six rectangular blocks of highdensity polyethylene and a sheet of PVC. It weighs about 43 kg. We scanned both phantoms and 17 subjects on two QDR 4500A densitometers (scanner A and B). Short-term precision of the phantom measurements was determined by scanning the phantom 10 times successively.
Analysis of Participatory Photojournalism in a Widely Disseminated Skin Cancer Prevention Program

This article describes the content of pictures submitted to a photo contest as part of a nationally disseminated skin cancer prevention program called Pool Cool. The aims of this analysis are to describe sun-safety behaviors and environmental supports depicted in the photos and to gain insight into pool staff perceptions of the program. A directed approach was used to assess the content of 1,886 photos submitted in 2005 and 2006. Staying in the shade and applying sunscreen were the most common sun-safety behaviors shown among children. Among adults and lifeguards, wearing sunglasses and a shirt with sleeves were most common. Most photos contained at least one sun-safety support, and half showed use of Pool Cool program materials. Most photos promoted the use of Pool Cool materials, sun-safety behaviors, or sun-safe pool environments. Participatory photojournalism is a low-cost and effective way to generate widespread interest and support for community health promotion programs.
Designing Not Just for Pleasure: Effects of Web Site Aesthetics on Consumer Shopping Value

Despite its centrality to human thoughts and practices, aesthetics has largely been ignored in research on Web site design. Recently, studies have begun to show that aesthetic qualities such as color, graphics, and the layout of a Web site can play an important role in improving consumer shopping experiences. By integrating theories and research findings from diverse fields, we investigate the impacts of two dimensions of aesthetics, namely, classical aesthetics and expressive aesthetics, on online consumers' shopping value. More important, we propose that the effect of these two dimensions of aesthetics on consumer shopping value is contingent on the hedonic and utilitarian nature of products that consumers purchase online. A laboratory experiment was conducted to test the research model, and the results generally support our hypotheses. From a theoretical perspective, our findings not only establish consumer shopping value as a key business value of Web site aesthetics but also enrich the current knowledge on the contingent effect of Web site aesthetics for utilitarian and hedonic products. From a practical perspective, the findings provide guidance for online vendors to provide their customers with better service in the form of properly designed aesthetic Web sites.
BASED DATA COLLECTION METHODS IN AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION RESEARCH

A total of 389 AAAE members participated in this experimental study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Web-based and traditional paper based survey groups. Web-based and traditional paper based survey modes were found to be equally valid and reliable for collecting social science research data. A difference between the two groups resulted in the aggregate response rate. The traditional survey group exceeded the Web-based group 157 to 98 in total response rate. However, when considering the number of valid returned responses within the first week of data collection, the Web-based survey group exceeded the traditional paper based group 72 to 7. The authors propose using the W/PSDC Model (Web/Paper Survey Data Collection), a mixed-mode survey, to attain large amounts of data and high response rates in an economically shortened time frame. This study provides strong evidence for using Webbased surveys in future social science research studies.
Effective algorithms of the Moore-Penrose inverse matrices for extreme learning machine

Extreme learning machine (ELM) is a learning algorithm for single-hidden layer feedforward neural networks (SLFNs) which randomly chooses hidden nodes and analytically determines the output weights of SLFNs. After the input weights and the hidden layer biases are chosen randomly, ELM can be simply considered a linear system. However, the learning time of ELM is mainly spent on calculating the Moore-Penrose inverse matrices of the hidden layer output matrix. This paper focuses on effective computation of the Moore-Penrose inverse matrices for ELM, several methods are proposed. They are the reduced QR factorization with column Pivoting and Geninv ELM (QRGeninv-ELM), tensor product matrix ELM (TPMELM). And we compare QRGeninv-ELM, TPM-ELM with the relational algorithm of Moore-Penrose inverse matrices for ELM, the relational algorithms are: Cholesky factorization of singular matrix ELM (Geninv-ELM), QR factorization and Ginv ELM (QRGinv-ELM), the conjugate Gram-Schmidt process ELM (CGS-ELM). The experimental results and the statistical analysis of the experimental results both demonstrate that QRGeninv-ELM, TPM-ELM and Geninv-ELM are faster than other kinds of ELM and can reach comparable generalization performance.
Eroding Australia: rates and processes from Bega Valley to Arnhem Land

Abstract We report erosion rates determined from in situ produced cosmogenic 10Be across a spectrum of Australian climatic zones, from the soil-mantled SE Australian escarpment through semi-arid bedrock ranges of southern and central Australia, to soil-mantled ridges at a monsoonal tropical site near the Arnhem escarpment. Climate has a major effect on the balance between erosion and transport and also on erosion rate: the highest rates, averaging 35 m Ma−1, were from soil-mantled, transport-limited spurs in the humid temperate region around the base of the SE escarpment; the lowest, averaging about 1.5 m Ma−1, were from the steep, weathering-limited, rocky slopes of Kings Canyon and Mt Sonder in semi-arid central Australia. Between these extremes, other factors come into play including rock-type, slope, and recruitment of vegetation. We measured intermediate average erosion rates from rocky slopes in the semi-arid Flinders and MacDonnell ranges, and from soil-mantled sites at both semi-arid Tyler Pass in central Australia and the tropical monsoonal site. At soil-mantled sites in both the SE and tropical north, soil production generally declines exponentially with increasing soil thickness, although at the tropical site this relationship does not persist under thin soil thicknesses and the relationship here is ‘humped’. Results from Tyler Pass show uniform soil thicknesses and soil production rates of about 6.5 m Ma−1, supporting a longstanding hypothesis that equilibrium, soil-mantled hillslopes erode in concert with stream incision and form convex-up spurs of constant curvature. Moreover, weathering-limited slopes and spurs also occur in the same region: the average erosion rate for rocky sandstone spurs at Glen Helen is 7 m Ma−1, similar to the Tyler Pass soil-mantled slopes, whereas the average rate for high, quartzite spurs at Mount Sonder is 1.8 m Ma−1. The extremely low rates measured across bedrock-dominated landscapes suggest that the ridge–valley topography observed today is likely to have been shaped as long ago as the Late Miocene. These rates and processes quantified across different, undisturbed landscapes provide critical data for landscape evolution models.
Factors affecting retrovirus‐mediated gene transfer to human CD34+ cells

Retrovirus‐mediated gene transfer is a useful technology in studying the biology of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) as well as in developing gene therapy products for a variety of human diseases. One of the most important factors determining the success of these studies is the number of HSCs receiving the gene of interest.
Clinical significance of elevated serum chromogranin A levels

Background: Chromogranin A (CgA) has been shown to be a useful marker in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine (NE) tumours. The clinical significance of CgA has been studied mostly in patients with known NE tumours. The diagnosis was evaluated in 153 consecutive patients in whom CgA was measured in a given time interval. Methods: CgA in serum was measured by radioimmunoassay. Immunohistochemistry with an antibody against CgA was performed in tumours from patients with adenocarcinoma and elevated CgA levels using a conventional method and the more sensitive tyramide signal amplification (TSA) technique. Results: Elevated serum CgA levels were found in 44 patients; 19 had NE tumours and 6 had tumours classified as adenocarcinomas. With the TSA technique, a high proportion of CgA‐positive cells were disclosed in five of the adenocarcinoma patients. Patients with atrophic gastritis (no. 2) and patients treated with inhibitors of gastric acid secretion (no. 6) also had elevated levels of CgA. A modest increase in CgA levels was observed in 2 patients with renal impairment, and in 9 patients without any obvious cause. Conclusion: The current study confirms that serum CgA is a sensitive marker for the detection of NE neoplasia. Elevated levels found in patients with adenocarcinoma may indicate NE differentiation in the tumour. CgA is a useful tool in the monitoring of enterochromaffin‐like (ECL) hyperplasia secondary to treatment with acid secretion inhibitors or atrophic gastritis.
Restored meadow harvestman communities (Opiliones) in the Bílé Karpaty Protected Landscape Area, Czech Republic

Harvestman communities inhabiting plots treated differently for grassland restoration were investigated at the Výzkum site near Malá Vrbka village (Bílé Karpaty Protected Landscape Area). Harvestman were sampled by pitfall trapping from 1999 to 2003 on plots sown with native haymeadow seed mixture, also on plots where narrow strips of regional seed mixtures were sown either within a matrix of commercial grass mixture or within vegetation cover in natural regeneration state and on plots in a natural regeneration state. Additionally, harvestman were collected in a field under permanent crop rotation and in a neighbouring xerothermic deciduous forest. In total, 5,086 individuals of harvestman representing 15 species from three families were obtained. Phalangium opilio was dominant (78%) and P. opilio, Rilaena triangularis and Zachaeus crista were the most frequent species. The results confirmed colonisation and subsequent development of harvestman communities on meadows in various state of restoration, including plots with spontaneous plant succession. Nevertheless, biotope character and successive formation of plant cover evidently influenced the structure of harvestman communities. The highest number of taxa (12) was recorded on plots with natural regeneration; the lowest one (9) was recorded in the field with permanent crop rotation. The highest values of diversity and equitability indices of harvestman communities were found in neighbouring forest habitats representing possible sources of harvestman migration.
The Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale for Adults (SHCS): Validity And Reliability of The Turkish Version

The purpose of this study was to provide validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale for adults (SHCS). The Turkish version of the scale was administered to the 65 healthy participants (31 men, 34 women) meeting inclusion criteria twice in different times by two different clinicians. Cronbach's alpha was 0.66 for internal consistency. Points of the items (0.35-0.64) were found significantly and positively correlated with the total point. There was not a significant change in two different application times. The correlation coefficient was found 0.97 among the total points. Kappa value was found 0.93. The correlation between item and total points of the SCHS and up-gaze subscale of the hypnotic induction profile (HIP) was examined by using Pearson correlation analysis. The correlation coefficients were between 0.30 and 0.62. We found the scale valid and reliable at the end of our investigation. The scale is adequate to distinguish "highly hypnotisable" and "low hypnotisable" individuals. We think that it can be used in the hypnosis studies. We hope that it will illuminate studies particularly investigating trauma-dissociation relationship. We predict that the scale will has determinative importance for the hypnotherapy option in trauma patients. (Sleep and Hypnosis 2007;9(2):71-81)
Role of transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP1) in epidermal growth factor‐mediated protection against apoptosis induced by a DNA‐damaging agent

We investigated the survival signals of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line TMK‐1. Treatment of TMK‐1 cells with adriamycin (ADR) caused apoptosis and apoptosis‐related reactions such as the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and the activation of caspase 9. However, EGF treatment greatly reduced the ADR‐induced apoptosis as well as these reactions. We previously reported that hepatocyte growth factor transmitted protective signals against ADR‐induced apoptosis by causing activation of the phosphatidylinositol‐3′‐OH kinase (PtdIns3‐K)/Akt signaling pathway in human epithelial cell line MKN74 [Takeuchi K & Ito F (2004) J Biol Chem279, 892–900]. However, PtdIns3‐K/Akt signaling did not mediate the antiapoptotic action of EGF in TMK‐1 cells. EGF increased the expression of the Bcl‐XL protein, an antiapoptotic member of the Bcl‐2 family, but not that of other anti (Bcl‐2) or proapoptotic (Bad and Bax) protein members. Expression of the c‐Fos and c‐Jun, components of activator protein 1 (AP1), which are known to regulate bcl‐XL gene transcription, were increased in response to EGF. Pretreatment of the cells with PD98059, an inhibitor of MAP kinase kinase, inhibited the EGF‐induced c‐Fos and c‐Jun expression, AP1 DNA binding, Bcl‐XL expression, and the resistance against ADR‐induced apoptosis, suggesting that EGF transmitted the antiapoptotic signal in such a way that it activated AP1 via a MAP kinase signaling pathway. TMK‐1 cells stably transfected with TAM67, c‐Jun dominant‐negative mutant, did not display EGF‐induced Bcl‐XL expression or resistance against ADR‐induced apoptosis. These results indicate that AP1‐mediated upregulation of Bcl‐XL expression is critical for protection of TMK‐1 cells against ADR‐induced apoptosis.
Author ' s personal copy Performance evaluation of distributed localization techniques for mobile underwater acoustic sensor networks

Underwater sensor networks (USN) are used for tough oceanographic missions where human operation is dangerous or impossible. In the common mobile USN architecture, sensor nodes freely float several meters below the surface and move with the force of currents. One of the significant challenges of the mobile USN is localization. In this paper, we compare the performance of three localization techniques; Dive and Rise Localization (DNRL), Proxy Localization (PL) and Large-Scale Localization (LSL). DNRL, PL and LSL are distributed, range-based localization schemes and they are suitable for large-scale, three dimensional, mobile USNs. Our simulations show that, DNRL and LSL can localize more than 90% of the underwater nodes with high accuracy while LSL has higher energy consumption and higher overhead than DNRL. The localization success and accuracy of PL is lower than the other techniques however it can localize underwater nodes faster when small number of beacons are employed. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
cDNA cloning and sequencing of the protein‐tyrosine kinase substrate, ezrin, reveals homology to band 4.1.

Ezrin is a component of the microvilli of intestinal epithelial cells and serves as a major cytoplasmic substrate for certain protein‐tyrosine kinases. We have cloned and sequenced a human ezrin cDNA and report here the entire protein sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA as well as from partial direct protein sequencing. The deduced protein sequence indicates that ezrin is a highly charged protein with an overall pI of 6.1 and a calculated molecular mass of 69,000. The cDNA clone was used to survey the distribution of the ezrin transcript, and the 3.2 kb ezrin mRNA was found to be expressed in the same tissues that are known to express the protein and at the same relative levels. Highest expression was found in intestine, kidney and lung. The cDNA clone hybridized to DNAs from widely divergent organisms indicating that its sequence is highly conserved throughout evolution. The amino acid sequence of ezrin revealed a high degree of similarity within its N‐terminal domain to the erythrocyte cytoskeletal protein, band 4.1 and secondary structure predictions indicate that a second region of ezrin contains a long alpha‐helix, a feature also common to band 4.1. The structural similarity of ezrin to band 4.1 suggests a mechanism for the observed localization to the membrane, and a role for ezrin in modulating the association of the cortical cytoskeleton with the plasma membrane.
Strengthening the SDP Relaxation of AC Power Flows With Convex Envelopes, Bound Tightening, and Valid Inequalities

This work revisits the semidefine programming (SDP) relaxation of the ac power flow equations in light of recent results illustrating the benefits of bounds propagation, valid inequalities, and the convex quadratic relaxation. By integrating all of these results into the SDP model a new hybrid relaxation is proposed, which combines the benefits from all of these recent works. This strengthened SDP formulation is evaluated on 71 AC Optimal Power Flow test cases from the NESTA archive and is shown to have an optimality gap of less than 1% on 63 cases. This new hybrid relaxation closes 50% of the open cases considered, leaving only eight for future investigation.
Evolution of the Linux Credits file: Methodological challenges and reference data for Open Source research

This paper presents time–series data that can be extracted from the Linux Credits files and discusses methodological challenges of automatic extraction of research data from open source files. The extracted data is used to describe the geographical expansion of the core Linux developer community. The paper also comments on attempts to use the Linux Credits data to derive policy recommendations for open source software.
A high power coaxial inductive power transfer pickup

A new pickup termed the "coaxial pickup" is presented in this paper, specifically designed to meet increased power demands by industry. The pick-up is designed for inductive power transfer applications where high power is delivered to a load, which operates on an essentially straight monorail section (such as a lift). The proposed pickup has many advantages including unity power factor, minimal winding loss, and the ability to be paralleled. The high coupling and low inductance of the coaxial pickup makes it ideal for use in high power systems with large track currents, without the associated problems of large resonant voltages. An LCL tuning topology together with a current sourced voltage multiplier is proposed to achieve unity displacement power factor at the input of the pick-up, with a standard output voltage for industrial use. Higher power loads can be driven by paralleling up the outputs of multiple pick-ups using an interleaved switching control strategy to reduce the power demand of each pickup, increase the effective switching rate seen by the load (thereby improving output voltage regulation), and minimize surges seen by the power supply. Currently two prototypes have been constructed, a smaller scale pickup and a single 12.5 kW full scale section. A final full scale prototype is to be constructed using four 12.5 kW sections to produce a 50 kW pickup. Initial results and prototype measurements are presented that confirm the proposed pick-up feasibility.
What determines mutual fund size ? August

The mutual fund industry manages about a quarter of the assets in the U.S. stock market and thus plays an important role in the U.S. economy. The question of how much control is concentrated in the hands of the largest players can be quantitatively discussed in terms of the tail behavior of the mutual fund size distribution. We study the distribution empirically and show that the tail is better described by a log-normal than a power law, indicating less concentration than, for example, personal wealth. We postulate that the reasons for this stem from market efficiency and the stochastic nature of fund returns; they otherwise have very little to do with investor choice. To demonstrate this we study mutual fund entry, exit and growth empirically and develop a stochastic model. Under simplifying assumptions we obtain a time-dependent analytic solution. The distribution evolves from a log-normal into a power law only over long time scales, suggesting that log-normality comes about because the industry is still young. Numerical solutions under more realistic conditions support this conclusion and give good agreement with the data. Our study shows that, while mutual funds behave in many respects like other firms, there some respects in which they are quite unusual. Surprisingly, it appears that transaction costs and investor choice play only a minor role in determining fund size.