Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Daily Activity Budgets for Neonate and Adult Sceloporus jarrovii and Adult Sceloporus virgatus in Southeastern Arizona

Abstract Predators must balance their time between foraging (searching for and capturing food) and other necessary behaviors, such as courtship, mating, territoriality, and predator avoidance. The purpose of this study was to determine how much time two lizard species (Sceloporus jarrovii and Sceloporus virgatus) spent in foraging, aggressive, general maintenance, and basking behaviors. Two age classes of S. jarrovii were examined in this study, neonate and adult, whereas only adults of S. virgatus were studied. Lizards were observed for 30-min intervals from late May through July in 2004 and 2005 at two research sites in southeastern Arizona. Neonatal S. jarrovii spent more time running and foraging during observational intervals than did adults of either species, which may be a result of their higher metabolic needs. Adult S. virgatus spent more time doing head bobs than did either age class of S. jarrovii, possibly explained by the notion that this behavior is used for both aggression and courtship and both were occurring for S. virgatus during the study. In contrast, adult S. jarrovii spent little time in head bobs, because courtship and mating in this species were not occurring during the time of the study. Very little time was spent actively foraging by any subject lizard group, because the majority of time was spent immobile, likely basking or passively searching for prey. Differential amounts of time spent in the various measured behaviors can be explained by the reproductive or developmental state of the lizards involved.
VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION OF A 3-D NUMERICAL MODEL FOR OPEN-CHANNEL FLOWS

Verification and validation of an improved three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier– Stokes equation solver, developed for general hydraulic flows in ducts, open channels, and natural rivers, are described. This work is motivated by the need for building confidence in using numerical models to solve practical hydraulic engineering problems. The rigorous numerical verification procedure is based on the ASME editorial policy statement. The flow in an S-shaped open channel with sloping banks is used as benchmark. The numerical results are compared with available experimental data and previous numerical solutions. The level of agreement between the model predictions and laboratory data indicates the limits to which the solver is verified and validated for this test problem.
Jealous of Mom? Interactions Between Infants and Adult Males during the Mating Season in Wild Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri collinsi)

Abstract Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri collinsi) are seasonal breeders that live in large social groups in which females are dominant to males. Females have one infant per year, and the nursing period lasts six to eight months. Preliminary observations in the wild indicated that during the mating period (eight weeks: July and August in our population), the infants show agonism directed at males who approach their mothers. This directed sexual interference by infants has rarely been reported for neotropical primates. Our study reports observations in a natural population of Saimiri collinsi with the aim of describing the social behavior of infants during the breeding season, especially with regard to adult males in the group. Infants of both sexes were observed during three mating periods (2011, 2012, 2013), to test hypotheses about the possible function of infant harassment directed at adult males. The behavior of infants (variables: activity and nearest neighbor) was sampled by the focal animal method as well as ad libitum observations. We recorded 99 cases of agonism and 17 cases of tolerance between nearby males and infants via the all-occurrence method. Thus, 85% of interactions between adult males and infants involved agonism. These results suggest that infant interference can present a cost to adult males during the breeding season.
Next Generation Sequencing Technologies and Its Application in Plant Science

All disciplines which are DNA sequence data dependent, have shown rapid advancement in the last few years because of the development of development and emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. Earlier to NGS technology, for almost two decades, the automated Sanger method had conquered the industry and led to a number of enormous achievement, including the completion of the human genome sequence. The arrival of NGS technologies in the marketplace brought change in the way we dwell on scientific approaches in basic, applied and clinical research. This review article explain how different next generation sequencing works, what are the different types of Next-Generation Sequencing Systems and application of Next-Generation Sequencing in plant science.
The impact of the Congo River and its tributaries on the rodent genus Praomys: speciation origin or range expansion limit?

We studied the taxonomy, distribution, and ecology of species within Praomys, a common rodent genus present in rainforests and montane forests in sub-Saharan Africa. The taxonomy of the group is problematic, and for the sampled region of Kisangani (Democratic Republic of Congo) no prior genetic study has been published. We used a combination of molecular (cyt b sequencing) and craniometric techniques (canonical analyses of skull measurements) for the species identification of a total of 654 specimens. We confirm the presence of Praomys minor in the region, up to now only known from the type and paratype specimens. At least seven species are present in the Kisangani region, and two clades occur along both banks of the Congo River. The present-day distribution of the genus seems to be influenced by large-scale rainforest fragmentation related to drier periods in geological history. The Congo River could in this case constitute a modern barrier to gene flow when the climate enabled rainforest expansion. The tributaries of the Congo River play no role in limiting Praomys species distribution, apart from the Aruwimi River for Praomys jacksoni s.l. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 163, 983–1002.
Journal of Peace Research

The Journal of Peace Research (JPR) celebrates 50 years in 2014. Thematically, JPR is broadly oriented. The journal encourages a wide conception of peace, but focuses on the causes of violence and conflict resolution. Over the years the journal has developed a few thematic niches, most recently the liberal peace and the relationship between environmental change and conflict. Other long-standing niches include the history of peace research, the economics of military spending, human rights, and nonviolence. The latter topic has recently experienced a remarkable renaissance, paving the way for a special issue published in 2013. While JPR is explicitly multidisciplinary and committed to methodological pluralism, it has established a particularly strong position in the statistical analysis of conflict and peace. Along with this, the journal has become a leading outlet for conflict-related datasets. JPR has also taken a leading role in establishing a strong norm among many political science and international relations journals for making replication datasets openly available.
Analysis of Different Numerical Schemes for the Resolution of Convection-Diffusion Equations using Finite-Volume Methods on Three-Dimensional Unstructured Grids. Part I: Discretization Schemes

ABSTRACT This article presents different interrelated numerical criteria for the analysis of both the diffusion and convection terms in convection-diffusion equations: gradient computation, interpolation procedures, diffusion schemes, convective schemes, and boundary conditions. Discretizations are performed on three-dimensional unstructured meshes composed of arbitrary convex polyhedra. A finite-volume cell-centered formulation is used. Most of the numerical criteria are well known in the technical literature, but a number of alternative approaches or variants are also presented. The objective of the article is to analyze these criteria in terms of accuracy, computational effort, and convergence characteristics. A comprehensive numerical study is performed in Part II of this article.
The r‐values of honey: Pollen coefficients

Abstract One of the goals of melissopalynology is to determine the floral sources utilized by honeybees in the production of honey. Because some types of commercial honey are preferred over others, the preferred types are in high demand and are sold at much higher prices. Verification of these preferred (premium) types of honey is often difficult because many of them come from plant sources that are either weak pollen producers or have pollen that is under‐represented in honey. In an effort to verify these premium honey types, researchers developed various methods for correcting the pollen data. These methods produce what are known as pollen coefficient (PC) values. Pollen coefficient values are used to verify honey types produced from floral sources that are over or under‐represented in the relative pollen counts of a honey sample. We examine the historical development of PC values, the reliability of PC data, the flaws inherent in the development of various types of PC data, and the steps needed to formulate new types of PC values that would become universally accepted for the verification of honey types.
Paclitaxel loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles stabilized with intermolecular disulfide bonds

We prepared paclitaxel-loaded disulfide-crosslinked human serum albumin nanoparticles (PTX-HSA-NPs) in a microfluidic platform. The entire process includes four steps, i.e., a pretreatment step to partially reduce albumin, a mixing and co-precipitation step, a reaction step, and a dialysis step. Two important factors dominate the successful preparation of stable PTX-HSA-NPs: one is the choice of the anti-solvent in the co-precipitation step, and the other is the reaction time in the reaction step. We demonstrated that the drug-loaded nanoparticles are stable against dilution by the inter-albumin disulfide bonds, but still have a quick drug release profile in the intracellular-mimicking reduction environment. Through cell studies, we showed that the albumin nanoparticle carriers are safe and characterized the cell toxicity of the paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles with cell lines of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7).
The Complex Decision-Making Processes of Rural Emerging Adults: Counseling Beyond Dualism

Rural adolescents approach the transition out of high school with individual concerns about making an emotionally or financially expensive “mistake,” family concerns about young people leaving home, and national and local concerns about declining rural economies and out-migration. The literature concerning this topic considers factors that influence youth aspirations in rural areas, such as economic barriers, the way higher education is valued, and perceptions of rural places as lacking in opportunity. However, there has been little study of the myriad interpersonal, emotional, and self-identity inputs that are part of the decision-making processes of rural emerging adults, and little is known about how the aspirations of rural youth play out over time. This article, based on the findings of a qualitative longitudinal study, considers the way rural emerging adults weighed options, understood constraints and opportunities, and took action on behalf of their aspirations to make something meaningful of their lives. Research participants were engaged in a process of decision making that was multifaceted, nuanced, and purposeful, and the results of the research made it clear that we need to think beyond the dualisms of staying or leaving, college or not. Counselors must be prepared to “stay complex” and help rural emerging adults anticipate ecological transitions, find coping mechanisms, and cut through binaries to explore alternative pathways, creative identities, and multiple meanings of success.
INVERSE FORCED CONVECTION PROBLEM OF SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF TWO BOUNDARY HEAT FLUXES IN IRREGULARLY SHAPED CHANNELS

This article deals with the use of the conjugate gradient method of function estimation for the simultaneous identification of two unknown boundary heat fluxes in channels with laminar flows. The irregularly shaped channel in the physical domain is transformed into a parallel plate channel in the computational domain by using an elliptic scheme of numerical grid generation. The direct problem, as well as the auxiliary problems and the gradient equations, required for the solution of the inverse problem with the conjugate gradient method are formulated in terms of generalized boundary-fitted coordinates. Therefore, the solution approach presented here can be readily applied to forced convection boundary inverse problems in channels of any shape. Direct and auxiliary problems are solved with finite volumes. The numerical solution for the direct problem is validated by comparing the results obtained here with benchmark solutions for smoothly expanding channels. Simulated temperature measurements containing random errors are used in the inverse analysis for strict cases involving functional forms with discontinuities and sharp corners for the unknown functions. The estimation of three different types of inverse problems are addressed in the paper: (i) time-dependent heat fluxes; (ii) spatially dependent heat fluxes; and (iii) time and spatially dependent heat fluxes.
Characterizing the Celery Genome with DNA-based Genetic Markers

To characterize the celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce, 2n = 2x = 22) genome, 126 celery cDNA clones and 340 random 10-mer primers were used to generate restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers between two cultivated types. Different abundance classes of the genomic sequences represented by the cDNA clones and the RAPD markers were observed. Most of the cDNA clones were single- copy sequences, suggesting the true diploid nature of the celery genome. Nearly half of the 39 RAPD markers tested by Southern hybridization were multiple-copy sequences. Of the RAPD markers tested, 28% was single- and low-copy, and 26% was high-copy sequences. The polymorphism level of the cDNA clones was 23% when tested with four restriction enzymes (Eco RI, Eco RV, Hin dIII, and Hae III). A positive association was observed between RFLP level and the size of cDNA inserts or hybridized restriction fragments. Deletion, insertion, and base substitution were important in the formation of the RFLP markers. Eighty-two (23%) of the 340 primers tested yielded useful RAPD markers, but only 3.8% of the amplified products were polymorphic. Base substitution may be the most important mechanism for the RAPD markers in celery. The RAPD fragments revealed no RFLP markers when tested by Southern hybridization, implying that RAPD markers are an important complement to RFLP markers in genomic mapping in celery. Random methylation of cytosine was determined in 5S rDNA on Bam HI and Hin dIII cutting sites that produced ladder patterns characteristic of
Electron Correlations

This is the third in a series of International Workshops on Electron Correlations and Material Properties. The aim of this series of workshops is to provide a periodic (triennial) in-depth assessment of advances in the study and understanding of the effects that electron–electron interactions in solids have on the measurable properties of materials. The workshop is structured in a way that provides essentially equal exposure to experimental work, to phenomenology, and to ab initio theory. Since correlation effects are pervasive, the workshop aims to concentrate on the identification of promising methodology, experimental and theoretical, addressing the most critical frontier issues of electron correlations on the properties of materials. This series of workshops is distinguished from other topical meetings and conferences in that it strongly promotes an interdisciplinary approach to the study of electron correlations, involving the fields of quantum chemistry, physics, andmaterials science. The first workshop was held June 28–July 3, 1998 and the second workshop took place June 23–29, 2001. Proceedings for both of the workshops have been published by Kluwer/Plenum. The third workshop was held July 4–July 9, 2004 and this volume contains the proceedings of that scientific meeting. Through the publications of proceedings, the workshop attempts to disseminate the information gathered during the discussions held at the Workshop to the wider scientific community, and to establish a record of advances in the field. Electron correlations are responsible for a large number of exciting physical phenomena, including the fractional quantum Hall effect, ferromagnetism, the occurrence of ‘heavy fermion’ behaviour and the extremely high critical temperatures observed in some oxide superconductors. Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in studies of correlation effects in nanosystems. Experimental results attesting to correlation effects have emerged in the case of magnetic quantum corrals grown atom-by-atom on non-magnetic metallic surfaces. On the theoretical front, the dynamical mean field theory and the dynamical cluster approximation are being applied to realistic systems that have traditionally been outside the reach of electronic structure calculations. The time-dependent DFT has allowed the prediction of the spectral response of nanoclusters. Finally, the interplay of electron– phonon and electron–electron interactions is an important and unresolved problem in interacting many-particle systems. The editors wish to express their gratitude to the following organizations who helped us immeasurably (administratively and/or financially) in setting up the workshop. Special thanks are due to California State University Northridge
A NEW SPECIES OF ENHYDRIS (SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE: HOMALOPSINAE) FROM THE KAPUAS RIVER SYSTEM, WEST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA

A new species of homalopsine water snake of the genus Enhydris is described from Kalimantan, Indonesia on the basis of three specimens. It differs from its close relative Enhydris doriae (Peters, 1871) in the number of scale rows at midbody, a higher number of lower labials and ventral scales, plate like temporal scales, and a distinctive color pattern.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHI CLASS GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE PARTIAL GENE OF IRANIAN BARLEY

A B S T R A C T Glutathione transferases are multifunctional proteins involved in several diverse intracellular events such as primary and secondary metabolisms, signaling and stress metabolism. These enzymes have been subdivided into eight classes in plants. The Phi class, being plant specific, is the most represented. In the present study, based on the sequences available at GenBank, different primers were designed for amplifying the Phi class of glutathione transferase gene in the genome and transcriptome of Iranian barley, Karoun cultivar. After extraction of DNA and total RNA, Phi class was amplified and sequenced. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that the deduced protein sequence has two s-sheets, eight  -helices and some intermediate loops in its secondary structure. Consequently, the sequences were submitted to NCBI GenBank with GS262333 and GW342614 accession numbers. Phylogenic relationships of the sequences were compared with existing sequences in GenBank.
Visual and narrative priorities of the blind and non-blind: eye tracking and audio description

This paper reports on a complex experiment carried out in 2010 in Italy with sighted individuals and the blind, the primary aim of which was to investigate the applicability of eye tracking research to audio description (AD). Starting from the identification of the visual priorities of sighted individuals for two, 100-second, virtually dialogue-free clips from the same film (Tris di donne & abiti nuziali), the project continued with the drafting of descriptions for these clips, based on the data obtained through the eye tracking tests. These eye-tracker-derived audio descriptions were presented to a group of blind individuals alongside the traditionally drafted ADs and followed by oral questionnaires. The results of this experiment have confirmed the great relevance of eye tracking research for audio description. They have also provided valuable information to be poured into the enhancement of the practice of audio description in Italy and elsewhere.
Are the poor willing to pay a premium for designer labels? a field experiment in Bolivia

This paper provides an empirical test of whether consumers in developing countries who live under conditions of poverty are prepared to pay a premium for products that feature a designer label, not because these are perceived as being of higher quality but for symbolic reasons. For this purpose a field experiment was conducted among urban, low‐income consumers in Bolivia. An incentive‐compatible procedure was used to elicit willingness‐to‐pay for designer brand perfume and an intrinsically equivalent non‐branded perfume. After correcting for possible “quality illusion”, we find that poor consumers, as a group, are willing to pay a premium for the designer label as a symbol. This willingness to pay for a designer logo depends on respondents' relative economic situation, education level and the frequency of watching soaps on television.
Aesthetics Versus Entropy in Source Code

– Although the separate literatures on programming style and information theories of software are large, little attention has been given to information theories of style. What is new in this paper we study the measure of programming style or “beauty” and its empirical relationship to disorder or information entropy in source. In a series of experiments, we use a beauty model based on fractal geometry and a corpus of programs from the GNU/Linux repository. The data show with statistical significance that beauty and entropy in code are inversely related. The data also indicate beauty and entropy are weakly to moderately correlated, which is to say, the beauty and entropy in source are not proxies. Finally, the data contains as a result of this study statistical evidence of ways in which the beauty model might serve as a new kind style checker. The main research contribution of this effort is a better understanding through empiricism of roles aesthetic expression and entropy play in crafting and maintaining codes.