Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IPv4 Multicast Security: A Network Perspective

Multicast holds great promise in reducing the network bandwidth required for simultaneous communication between multiple hosts. Documented routing protocols and distribution methods are now enabling multicast implementations to move out of the LAN arena and into the larger world of the internet. Multicast's methods of operation pose new and extended demands on security models developed primarily for unicast data transmission. This paper examines the security implications of multicast communications as they relate to network management. It begins with a general description of multicast communications and then progresses to discussing multicast methods of operation within the Internet Protocol (IPv4) framework while contrasting them against the more familiar unicast operations. Security issues specific to multicast communications are identified and discussed. Possible solutions including the extension of IPsec to MIPsec are examined. What is Multicast? : In the most general terms multicast communications is the transfer of information in a single transmission to multiple receivers. A group of co-workers chatting around the office coffee- pot is simple example of multicast communications. The person speaking makes a single transmission, which is heard by all the members of the group. If the speaker were restricted to a unicast environment, he/she would be forced to seek out each individual member of the group to speak his/her message and thus would need to repeat the message several times. If we equate this speaker's words to bits and bytes we see that multicast communication can save considerable bandwidth in an electronic communication arena. This simple example also illustrates other principles applying to multicast communication systems. Obviously a group of chatting co-workers is not likely to have a single talker (transmitter) but rather, most if not all of the listeners (receivers) will also want to participate in the conversation and thus become both transmitters and receivers. It should also be noted that membership in the group is not necessarily static. Perhaps one co-worker sees his/her boss approaching and thus decides to make a speedy retreat back to the sanctity of his/her cubicle while another co-worker joins the group while getting a morning caffeine fix. Indeed the group's membership might not even be known to all the participants as there may be someone lurking in a nearby cubicle listening to every word being spoken and perhaps even interjecting his/her own words in a disguised voice. Thus multicast communication can be used to save resources (words, bandwidth) but it also possesses some characteristics unique from unicast communications. These unique characteristics may undermine many assumptions on which standard communication security models are built.
Convective Heat Transfer Analysis of Non-Newtonian Fluid due to a Linear Stretching Sheet

In this Present paper a two dimensional boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a non-Newtonian fluid due to stretching sheet with convective boundary condition is considered. The flow of non-Newtonian Casson fluid and the heat transfer equations are nonlinear partial differential equations with variable coefficients, these PDE’s are transformed into non-linear ordinary differential equations by means of similarity transformations. These BVP’s are converted into IVP’s and are solved numerically using Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method with shooting technique. The effects of various governing parameters on flow, heat transfer are plotted and discussed the obtained results. Key w ords: Convective Heat transfer, Non-Newtonian fluid, BVP, IVP, Numerical Solution
Principles- versus rules-based output statistical disclosure control in remote access environments

In recent years, the level of detail in confidential data made available to social scientists has increased dramatically. Much of this has been due to the growth in secure data access facilities, which allow access to the most detailed data under strictly controlled conditions. One element of that control is checking to ensure that statistical outputs do not present any residual disclosure risk. Traditionally this has been managed by specifying rules for researchers to follow, but it is increasingly recognised that a ‘principles-based’ approach can be both more secure and more cost-effective. The principles-based approach requires a higher level of expertise from the facility managers, and places the subjective assessment of risk at the forefront of decision-making; these two factors often make facility managers uncomfortable. In addition, knowledge of this approach is concentrated amongst a relatively small community, whereas the rules-based model has been the dominant approach for half a century; facility managers may not be aware that there is an alternative perspective. This paper reviews the arguments for the two different approaches. The two are not mutually exclusive: both take simple rules as a starting point, but the rules-based approach also finishes there. This has advantages in some circumstances, but this paper demonstrates that the value of the principles-based approach increases with the sensitivity of the data and gives more freedom to the researchers to innovate. The paper considers how the two approaches can be implemented. It notes that, although the principles-based model requires greater initial investment by both the facility managers and researchers, the necessary training can bring substantial auxiliary benefits to the facility manager. The paper therefore concludes that a principles-based approach has advantages in many circumstances, and it is essential for the remote research data centres which dominate access solutions for the most sensitive data.
A Galerkin-collocation domain decomposition method: application to the evolution of cylindrical gravitational waves

We present a Galerkin-collocation domain decomposition algorithm applied to the evolution of cylindrical unpolarized gravitational waves. We show the effectiveness of the algorithm in reproducing initial data with high localized gradients and in providing highly accurate dynamics. We characterize the gravitational radiation with the standard Newman–Penrose Weyl scalar . We generate wave templates for both polarization modes, and +, outgoing and ingoing, to show how they exchange energy nonlinearly. In particular, considering an initially ingoing wave, we were able to trace a possible imprint of the gravitational analog of the Faraday effect in the generated templates.
The Impact of the Decision-Making Method in the Tendering Procedure to Select the Project Team

Social interaction between the owner and the team starts with the tendering procedure. Many public owners use only cost to select the project team. Cost is easy to define and measure, but does not necessarily result in the best team. Some public owners use multiple factors (e.g. quality, expertise, technical capabilities) to find the best team based on a Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) method like Weighting Rating Calculating (WRC) or Best Value Selection (BVS). However, both methods have many shortcomings when helping owners in differentiating among proposals, such as mixing value and cost. We argue that there is a better way of evaluating proposals. We state that public owner should use Choosing By Advantage (CBA) to select the project team. The method is not used in the tendering procedures yet, but could be beneficial in helping owners discern relative value between proposals. CBA is a system, which uses well-defined vocabulary to ensure clarity in the decision-making process. Previous studies already illustrate that CBA provides benefits in order to differentiate between alternatives, because decisions are documented in a greater detail, with a higher level of transparency, and value and cost is separated. This paper builds on a previous research and presents sensitivity analysis on the data of a public project in San Francisco.
Enhancing DNA vaccine-induced avian influenza hemagglutinin subtype-specific reference antisera production

When avian influenza virus is isolated, it must be subtyped by determining which of the 16 hemagglutinin (HA) and nine neuraminidase (NA) proteins it has. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test used for identifying HA subtype, uses a panel of subtype-specific antibodies against each of the HAs. We previously demonstrated that DNA vaccines against different HA subtypes worked as efficiently as the traditional method using whole, inactivated virus, but multiple vaccinations are needed for an equal response. We tested various adjuvants including CpG motifs, different transfection reagents, and chicken cytokines. We also compared different routes of vaccine delivery. Chickens were vaccinated, bled at two-week intervals, and boostered at monthly intervals. HIs were used to assess antibody titers. Interleukin-2 and interferon-1 improved the antibody response against the less antigenic HA tested. Intradermal delivery route also showed potential for use at producing these diagnostic tools. INDEX WORDS: Avian influenza, Adjuvant, DNA vaccines, Hemagglutinin, HI test ENHANCING DNA VACCINE-INDUCED AVIAN INFLUENZA HEMAGGLUTININ SUBTYPE-SPECIFIC REFERENCE ANTISERA PRODUCTION
Extra-pair paternity in the Skylark Alauda arvensis

We present the first quantitative data on the genetic breeding system of a lark (Alaudidae), the Skylark Alauda arvensis. Using a set of eight microsatellite loci isolated in a variety of passerine species, we genotyped 171 offspring from 52 broods of Skylark and detected 35 extra-pair offspring (20%), in 14 different broods (27%). All offspring matched their putative mother, so there was no evidence of intraspecific brood parasitism. Previous non-genetic studies had suggested that the species was predominantly socially monogamous, with only rare occurrences of social polygyny and polyandry, although some behaviours, such as mate guarding, did suggest the possibility of extra-pair copulations. The relatively high level of extra-pair paternity in this species is likely to affect the variation in male reproductive success because extra-pair paternity was non-randomly distributed amongst males, with those with shorter wings more likely to be cuckolded.
Intermediate care units in progressive patient care model: a systematic literature review

Background: Progressive patient care (PPC) has been defined as a systematic classification and segregation of patients based on their medical and nursing needs. Aim of the present research was to perform a systematic literature review about existing medical intermediate care unit organizational models and their performance strengths and weaknesses with a specific focus on Italian implementation, respect to US model. Methods: Databases PubMed, Cinahl, Google and Google Scholar were searched until September 2017. The search was limited to Italian and English studies. All study design are included in the review. Results: Ten studies were included in the review. The American studies showed, after the PPC reorganization, an increase in level of satisfaction and nursing care, a reduction in average length of stay, costs and tensions between nurses and an improvement in nurse-physician communication. An Italian study reported the results of a project carried out in three case studies (Forlì, Foligno and Pontedera hospital), redesigning hospital patient flow logistics around the concept of intensity of care: in all three cases, after the reorganization, an increase in bed occupancy rate (before: 71%,81%,65%; after: 78%,84%,82%, respectively) and in hospital case-mix complexity (average DRG weight - before: 0.99,1.07,1.12; after: 1.19,1.09,1.61, respectively) and a reduction in turn-over ratio (before: 2.5,1.4,2.8; after: 1.5,1.2,1.7, respectively) was recorded. Considering Italian healthcare professionals’ point of view, majority of internists supported a hospital remodeling according to PPC model. Conclusions: The PPC model, theorized in US, has found several applications in Italian regional realities. Improvements in quality of care, appropriateness and productivity in healthcare facilities, that adopted the PPC program, were observed.
Effect of Freezing and Vacuum Packaging on Quality Properties of Pistachio Powder During Storage

Pistachio powder is a product used today in confectionery, ice cream, pistachio paste and other foods. Considering the higher rate of spoilage and oxidation in pistachio powder, developing methods to increase the shelf-life of this product is therefore important. In this study the effect of freezing and vacuum packaging on the quality characteristics of pistachio powder during storage was investigated. The effect of packaging conditions (vacuum or air packaging), storage temperature (25°C, -18°C) and storage time (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 months) on chemical (free fatty acids, acid value, peroxide value), physical (moisture content and color indexes of L*, a* and b*), and sensory (odor, taste, color, texture and overall acceptance) characteristics were studied. The results revealed that the peroxide value, acid value and free fatty acids in frozen and vacuum containers were lower than those packed without vacuum at room temperature. The results of sensory evaluation indicated a significant difference (p< 0.05) in samples.The best quality characteristics in terms of odor, taste, and overall acceptance belonged to the pistachio powder packed in vacuum and frozen conditions; however, in terms of texture , the containers packed and stored in ambient conditions showed better results. In all cases, the quality of pistachio powder decreased during the storage period. There was no significant difference between samples in moisture content, color indices of L*, a*, b* and sensory evaluation of color. It was generally found that packaging under vacuum and freezing could increase the shelf life of pistachio powder.
A Review of Literature: A Gender-based Study of Pronunciation Accuracy

This study as a review of related literature, aims to investigate the role of the gender on the pronunciation accuracy. We present a description of the pronunciation accuracy and the previous studies in this realm are reviewed and the effect of gender on it is noted. For nonnative speakers who intend to learn English language, the ability to speak fluently and to have pronunciation fluency is one of their necessities. It is interesting for researchers or others who participating in English language learning programs to know the differences between two genders in this field. The historical background of the researches in this realm shows no considerable difference between them except that producing accurate and clear consonants by females are more than males but it cannot confirm a complete superiority of females in pronunciation accuracy. So, according to these studies, there is no significant difference between learning in men and women and there is no need to design different programs for their language learning programs.
Pre-emptive patenting: securing market exclusion and freedom of operation

We investigate statistically the characteristics, functioning and incidence of pre-emptive patenting, defined as patent filings whose main effect is to hamper the grant of other patents. Patent applications can be used defensively to prevent the grant of exclusive rights over markets and technologies, in order to ensure freedom of operation or keep competitors out of a given technological field. Combining data from examination outcomes and prior art at the European Patent Office, we develop a methodology to identify pre-emptive patent applications. We find evidence of pre-emption associated with patent applications cited as compromising patentability while not being deemed relevant to the state of the art. We also find that, among them, those which are withdrawn have the strongest pre-emptive power. The coincidence of low inventiveness and high pre-emptive impact supports the idea that some of these patents may be strategically designed by their applicants to block patenting by others.
An Investigation of the Validity of Selected Themes in the Career Perspectives Inventory (CPI)

The Career Perspectives Inventory (CPI), a recently developed career inventory examining ten different career development areas was investigated for concurrent validity using the My Vocational Situation (MVS) inventory for correlation. A second phase o f this study examined the development exhibited between study participants o f differing college academic standing. One hundred first through fifth year college students participated in this study. Results o f research question one indicated there was moderate correlation for four o f the five themes in common between the CPI and MVS (career decision-making, self-knowledge, career attitudes, career information) and some correlation between the fifth theme (goal planning). Results from research question two indicated that there was an overall decrease in scores between first and second year students on six of the ten themes examined by the Career Perspectives Inventory. Further study needs to be conducted in order to better assess sources o f error and the magnitude o f differences exhibited in this small study population.
Flow experience in startups and relations with job characteristics and motivation: an exploratory study

IV RESUMO . V INTRODUCTION . 6 Aims. 10 METHOD . 11 Participants . 11 Measures . 11 Procedure . 16 RESULTS . 16 Quality of daily experience . 17 Flow Experience, Work Motivation and Job Characteristics . 21 DISCUSSION . 23 Limitations and future research . 25 Conclusion and implications for practice . 26 REFERENCES . 27
Price Manipulation and American Options in Illiquid Markets

A setup in which a large trader has sold a certain number of American-type derivatives is considered. The large trader’s trades are assumed to have an impact on prices so that he may be tempted to minimize the payoff of the derivative by manipulating the underlying asset. However, the option holders have the right to exercise the option, turning the pricing problem in a two-player stochastic game. It is shown that the solution of this optimization problem can be described as the solution of a double obstacle variational inequality and the optimal strategy for the large trader and the optimal exercise time for the option holder are obtained. The fact that price manipulation may force the option holders to exercise before the maturity implies that regulators must monitor stock prices and options sellers activity continuously. Our theory gives us the precise time at which a market manipulator will start manipulating prices. We also calculate a maximum number of options that can be sold so that no manipulation strategies are possible in terms of quantities such as the bid-ask spread and the price impact factor. We conclude with a sensitivity analysis in which we compare the timing and size of manipulation interventions by the large trader as well as the optimal exercise region for the options holders for different levels of liquidity.
An Approach for Detecting Human Posture by Using Depth Image

This paper introduces a method that can detect human posture by using depth image. The method uses head model to locate the human position which includes edge extraction, template matching and human detection. Then we extract the HOG feature from the depth images to get the characteristic vector of the original image. At last, a generalized regression neural network is processed to classify and identify the human posture. Experiments show that our method is able to identify the human posture from a depth image with a satisfactory recognition rate. Keywords-kinect; depth image; human posture; regional growth
Adoption of Human Resource Information Systems in Developing Countries: An Empirical Study

There is an inadequate understanding of the successful use and effects of a human resource information system (HRIS) in a developing country context. Given this backdrop, this study plans to explore the determinants impact on HRIS adoption in a developing country. A research model was developed after studying the existing literature, and a questionnaire was developed accordingly to collect data through a purposive sampling method.Materials and Methods: To assess adoption of human resource information system, this study applied the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Data were collected from HR executives and HR professionals of different private and public organizations situated in Dhaka (capital of Bangladesh) and Chittagong (commercial capital of Bangladesh), Bangladesh. To analyze the data, researcher applied partial least square method based on structural equation modeling.Results: The study found that the research factors performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition as well as the extended factors of UTAUT model employee involvement and training support (p < 0.05) had a weighty influence on HRIS adoption.Conclusions: The findings of this study may become beneficial for the human resource department of various organizations (public, private and others) of developing countries like Bangladesh by adopting HRIS.
Microstructure and wear-resistant properties of WC/SS316L composite coatings prepared by supersonic laser deposition

Supersonic laser deposition (SLD) is a newly developed coating method which combines the supersonic powder jet found in cold spray (CS) with synchronous laser heating of the deposition zone. The addition of laser heat energy into CS enables a change in the thermodynamic state of impacting particles and substrate, thereby significantly lowering the critical deposition velocities required for effective coating formation and allowing the range of materials deposited to expand to higher strength materials which are of considerable engineering interest. This paper presents the ability of SLD technique to deposit hard metal matrix composite (MMC) coatings, such as WC/SS316L. The focus of this research is on the comparison between composite coatings produced with conventional CS and those produced with SLD. The microstructure evolution, mechanical deformation mechanisms, correlation between functional properties and process parameters were elaborated in detail. The experimental results show that with the assistance of laser irradiation, WC/SS316L composite coatings can be successfully deposited using SLD. The obtained coatings are superior to that processed with CS, because SLD can improve the deposition efficiency, coating density, interface bonding as compared to CS due to the softening of particle and substrate by laser irradiation. It can be found that SLD is capable of depositing high strength MMC coatings with good quality, thus exhibiting great potential in the field of metal 3D printing. 13 Ref. , 1 Table, 8 Figures.
Haematological and Biochemical Blood Profile in Russian Sturgeon Following Propofol and Eugenol Anaesthesia

Sturgeon production involves unavoidable handling procedures inducing stress response. Clove oil is the anaesthetic commonly used in sturgeon culture to minimise stress and pain. Propofol is one of the most frequently used anaesthetic in humans. Propofol is a promising candidate anaesthetic for fish. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of propofol and eugenol on haematological and biochemical blood profile of Russian sturgeon. Determined indices covered: PCV, RBC, Hb, MCV, MCHC, MCH, leucogram, and concentration of calcium cations, inorganic phosphates, total proteins, albumins, globulins, ammonia, triacylglycerols, glucose, and the activity of creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase. Exposure to both anaesthetics caused a stress response in Russian sturgeon expressed as changes in WBC system and increased values of PCV, Hb, glucose, triacylglycerols, inorganic phosphates, calcium and ammonia. The impact of eugenol was more sever and longer being. No damage of internal organs was stated. According to our results, propofol is safe anaesthetic for Russian sturgeon.