Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hxk2 Regulates the Phosphorylation State of Mig1 and Therefore Its Nucleocytoplasmic Distribution*

Mig1 and Hxk2 are two major mediators of glucose repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the mechanism by which Hxk2 participates in the glucose repression signaling pathway is not completely understood. Recently, it has been demonstrated that Hxk2 interacts with Mig1 to generate a repressor complex located in the nucleus of S. cerevisiae. However, the mechanism by which Mig1 favors the presence of Hxk2 in the nucleus is not clear, and the function of Hxk2 at the nuclear repressor complex level is still unknown. Here, we report that serine 311 of Mig1 is a critical residue for interaction with Hxk2 and that this interaction is regulated by glucose. Our findings suggest that Snf1 interacts constitutively with the Hxk2 component of the repressor complex at high and low glucose conditions. Furthermore, we show that Snf1 binds to Mig1 under low glucose conditions and that binding is largely abolished after a shift to high glucose medium. We found that phosphorylation of serine 311 of Mig1 by Snf1 kinase is essential for Mig1 protein nuclear export and derepression of the SUC2 gene in glucose-limited cells. These results allow postulating that the Hxk2 operates by interacting both with Mig1 and Snf1 to inhibit the Mig1 phosphorylation at serine 311 during high glucose grown.
Nuclear Pores Form de Novo from Both Sides of the Nuclear Envelope

Nuclear pore complexes are multiprotein channels that span the double lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope. How new pores are inserted into the intact nuclear envelope of proliferating and differentiating eukaryotic cells is unknown. We found that the Nup107-160 complex was incorporated into assembly sites in the nuclear envelope from both the nucleoplasmic and the cytoplasmic sides. Nuclear pore insertion required the generation of Ran guanosine triphosphate in the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. Newly formed nuclear pore complexes did not contain structural components of preexisting pores, suggesting that they can form de novo.
The Edinburgh machine translation systems for IWSLT 2015

This paper describes the University of Edinburgh’s machine translation (MT) systems for the IWSLT 2015 evaluation campaign. Our submissions are based on preliminary systems which are under development for the purpose of lecture translation in the TraMOOC project, 1 funded by the European Union. We participated in the English! Chinese and the English! German translation tasks in the MT track, utilizing only data supplied by the organizers or listed as permissible. We built phrase-based translation systems for both tasks. For English! German, we furthermore made use of syntax-based translation and system combination.
Wireless Fault Detection System for an Industrial Robot Based on Statistical Control Chart

Industrial robots are now commonly used in production systems to improve productivity, quality and safety in manufacturing processes. Recent developments involve using robots cooperatively with production line operatives. Regardless of application, there are significant implications for operator safety in the event of a robot malfunction or failure, and the consequent downtime has a significant impact on productivity in manufacturing. Machine healthy monitoring is a type of maintenance inspection technique by which an operational asset is monitored and the data obtained is analysed to detect signs of degradation and thus reducing the maintenance costs. Developments in electronics and computing have opened new horizons in the area of condition monitoring. The aim of using wireless electronic systems is to allow data analysis to be carried out locally at field level and transmitting the results wirelessly to the base station, which as a result will help to overcome the need for wiring and provides an easy and cost-effective sensing technique to detect faults in machines. So, the main focuses of this research is to develop an online and wireless fault detection system for an industrial robot based on statistical control chart approach. An experimental investigation was accomplished using the PUMA 560 robot and vibration signal capturing was adopted, as it responds immediately to manifest itself if any change is appeared in the monitored machine, to extract features related to the robot health conditions. The results indicate the successful detection of faults at the early stages using the key extracted parameters.
Development and clinical study of submicronic-atropine sulphate respiratory fluid as a novel organophosphorous poisoning antidote

Abstract Context: Increased use of organophosphate insecticides (OPI) and possibility of terror groups using stocks of nerve agents underscore the need to develop effective and safe antidotes. While intramuscular administration of antidotes like atropine sulphate (AS) has certain lacunae, intravenous route may not be always feasible in emergency field conditions. Objective: Objective was (a) to develop a novel inhalable submicronic-AS respiratory fluid as potential antidote for OPI poisoning, (b) in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation in terms of respiratory fraction, and (c) clinical study to assess drug bioavailability in blood and atropinization pattern post-inhalation. Methods: Formulation was optimized on the basis of particle size of aerosolized droplets and in-vitro nebulization rate. Anderson cascade impaction (ACI) studies were carried out to validate the advantage of test formulation in terms of respirable fraction. Six healthy volunteers were inhaled the test formulation and blood bioavailability and atropinization were noted serially. Gamma scintigraphy was used to quantify total and regional lung deposition of nebulized AS in-vivo. Results: The formulation was optimized using 30% ethanol–saline with particle size in the range of 350–500 nm. In-vitro ACI data showed high respirable fraction (82.6 ± 3.1%) for the test formulation. In-vivo scintigraphy suggested whole lung deposition of 80.2 ± 6.8% of the total inhaled dose. Early blood bioavailability and atropinization pattern confirmed that therapeutic concentration of the drug in blood was reached within 5 min. Conclusions: 3% submicronic-AS respiratory fluid might be used as potential prophylactic/therapeutic option against OPI poisoning with several advantages over intramuscular injection, including early blood bioavailability and atropinization.
Regeneration of Müller and Mauthner axons after spinal transection in larval lampreys

The regeneration of large unmyelinated axons following transection of the spinal cord was studied in small larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) Individual Müller and Mauthner axons normally occur in a characteristic pattern in the spinal cord, but their positions were altered in the first several segments caudal to the lesion following regeneration. Müller axons grew out of the ventral tracts and sometimes looped back towards the brain or crossed the midline; maximum misdirection of axons occurred near the site of transection. Mauthner axons frequently bifurcated. Despite the aberrant and incomplete regeneration of axons, the larvae exhibited normal coordinated swimming, crawling, and coiling behavior.
Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase and PI 4-kinase binding to the CD4-p56lck complex: the p56lck SH3 domain binds to PI 3-kinase but not PI 4-kinase

CD4 serves as a receptor for major histocompatibility complex class II antigens and as a receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral coat protein gp120. It is coupled to the protein-tyrosine kinase p56lck, an interaction necessary for an optimal response of certain T cells to antigen. In addition to the protein-tyrosine kinase domain, p56lck possesses Src homology 2 and 3 (SH2 and SH3) domains as well as a unique N-terminal region. The mechanism by which p56lck generates intracellular signals is unclear, although it has the potential to interact with various downstream molecules. One such downstream target is the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), which has been found to bind to activated pp60src and receptor-tyrosine kinases. In this study, we verified that PI 3-kinase associates with the CD4:p56lck complex as judged by the presence of PI 3-phosphate generated from anti-CD4 immunoprecipitates and detected by high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis. However, surprisingly, CD4-p56lck was also found to associate with another lipid kinase, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI 4-kinase). The level of associated PI 4-kinase was generally higher than PI 3-kinase activity. HIV-1 gp120 and antibody-mediated cross-linking induced a 5- to 10-fold increase in the level of CD4-associated PI 4- and PI 3-kinases. The use of glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins carrying Lck-SH2, Lck-SH3, and Lck-SH2/SH3 domains showed PI 3-kinase binding to the SH3 domain of p56lck, an interaction facilitated by the presence of an adjacent SH2 domain. PI 4-kinase bound to neither the SH2 nor the SH3 domain of p56lck. CD4-p56lck contributes PI 3- and PI 4-kinase to the activation process of T cells and may play a role in HIV-1-induced immune defects.
[Analysis of binary classification repeated measurement data with GEE and GLMMs using SPSS software].

OBJECTIVE To analyze binary classification repeated measurement data with generalized estimating equations (GEE) and generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) using SPSS19.0. METHODS GEE and GLMMs models were tested using binary classification repeated measurement data sample using SPSS19.0. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Compared with SAS, SPSS19.0 allowed convenient analysis of categorical repeated measurement data using GEE and GLMMs.
Ultra wide-band four-port reflectometer using only two quadratic detectors

A new wide-band (1–4 GHz) four-port reflectometer is proposed as an alternative to the well-known six-port reflectometer. The prototype circuit is fabricated to validate this new concept by means of a hybrid integrated-circuit technology. The topology that has been conceived is also suitable for monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit fabrication. Associated to this system, a new simple explicit calibration solution using a matched load and positions of a sliding-short is developed to extend the frequency band of use up to 10 GHz.
Recyclable Cyclohexanediamine Derivatives as Organocatalysts: Organocatalytic Reduction with Trichlorosilane and Aldol Reaction

Reduction of ketimine with trichlorosilane was carried out using bisformamide catalyst 1a derived from cyclohexanediamine to give the corresponding product in 81% yield with 39% ee. Deprotection of the formyl groups of the catalysts 1 gave the corresponding diamines 2 which were utilized in aldol reaction of acetone with 4-nitrobenzaldehyde. The reaction using 2b in brine afforded the aldol adduct in 81% yield with 29% ee.
A novel internal collision managing mechanism of IEEE 802.11e EDCA

The internal collision managing mechanism in Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) makes it more difficult to successfully access the channel for the data with low priority. To address this issue, a novel Mechanism to solve the Internal Collision problem (MIC) is proposed to improve the performance of EDCA. The main concept of MIC is to decrease the backoff time of the Access categories (ACs) with low priority. In this way, MIC can improve the performance of the low priorities without compromising that of the high priorities. A Markov chain model is used to analyze the performance of MIC under saturated conditions. The correctness of the analysis results are verified by simulating MIC with NS-2. Both the analysis results and simulation results confirm that MIC outperforms EDCA in terms of the average access delay.
Impact of chronic musculoskeletal pathology on older adults: a study of differences between knee OA and low back pain.

OBJECTIVES The study aimed to compare the psychological and physical characteristics of older adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA) vs those of adults with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and to identify psychological and physical predictors of function as measured by gait speed. DESIGN Secondary data analysis. METHOD AND PATIENTS Eighty-eight older adults with advanced knee OA and 200 with CLBP who had participated in separate randomized controlled trials were selected for this study. MEASURES Inclusion criteria for both trials included age > or =65 and pain of at least moderate intensity that occurred daily or almost every day for at least the previous 3 months. Psychological constructs (catastrophizing, fear avoidance, self-efficacy, depression, affective distress) and physical measures (comorbid medical conditions, pain duration, pain severity, pain related interference, self-rated health) were obtained. RESULTS Subjects with CLBP had slower gait (0.88 m/s vs 0.96 m/s, P = 0.002) and more comorbid conditions than subjects with knee pain (mean 3.36 vs 1.97, P < 0.001). All the psychological measures were significantly worse in the CLBP group except the Multidimensional Pain Inventory-Affective Distress score. Self-efficacy, pain severity, and medical comorbidity burden were associated with slower gait regardless of the location of the pain. CONCLUSIONS Older adults with chronic pain may have distinct psychological and physical profiles that differentially impact gait speed. These findings suggest that not all pain conditions are the same in their psychological and physical characteristics and may need to be taken into consideration when developing treatment plans.
Modeling Speed Doubling in Carnatic Music

We consider the problem of modeling the feature relationships between multiple speed renditions of parts of compositions called varnams in Carnatic music, discuss related work in speech and singing synthesis and in synthesizing Carnatic music from solfege notation, present style dependent but arguably rāgā independent rules for simplifying and adjusting gamakās (continuous pitch movements) in the slower speed performance of one composition to derive the more rhythmic double speed performance and find that the performance derived using these rules compares favourably with the double speed rendition by the same artist.
Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis Associated with Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Emerging Despite Cyclophosphamide, Successfully Treated with Rituximab

A 67-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed with granulomatosis with polyangiitis based on the presence of right maxillary sinusitis, proteinase 3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity, and right scleritis. A conjunctival biopsy specimen showed neutrophil-predominant infiltration around the vessels without granuloma. Because there was a risk of blindness, pulsed methylprednisolone and intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy (IVCY) were started. However, it was ineffective, and peripheral ulcerative keratitis newly emerged. We promptly switched the treatment from IVCY to rituximab, and ophthalmologists performed amniotic membrane transplantation, which avoided blindness. The close and effective working relationship between physicians and ophthalmologists improved our patient's ocular prognosis.
Mechanism Studies of LCP Synthesis

The LCP (Liquid Crystal Polymer) known as Vectra is synthesized by acidolysis of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid. The apparently simple acidolysis mechanism for LCP polycondensation is in fact a complex blend of mechanisms. Kinetics of model reactions and of actual polycondensations followed second-order kinetics and their rate constants were comparable. In the latter stages, ketene loss leads to phenolic ends, while decarboxylation provides phenyl ester ends. Accordingly, the mechanism changes to phenolysis. A quinone methide intermediate may also intervene, as revealed by kinetics studies and MALDI-TOF spectroscopy. Tailor-made matrices and synthesis of alternating well-defined oligomers assisted our studies. Nucleophilic aromatic substitutions may play a role, and we speculate on possible chain polycondensation. Esterolysis may be a useful alternative to LCP synthesis. Complications caused by ketene loss can be averted by the use of methoxycarbonyloxy monomers.
Recovery Characteristics of Coated Conductors

We investigated recovery characteristics of commercially-available coated conductors (CCs) after quenches. The CC had a hastelloy substrate and an Ag protection layer without stabilizer. The CC samples were subjected to simulated AC over-current to induce quenches. Both resistance measurement and bubble imaging were taken during the recovery. The samples were immersed in liquid nitrogen during the experiment. During the recovery, resistance of CC samples decreased monotonously to zero in some cases. In other cases, it decreased in two steps, first slowly and then faster. Resistance behavior depended on voltages applied during over-current period as well as sample dimension. It was related to cooling by liquid nitrogen and recovery propagation behavior, which could be observed directly by bubble imaging. The bubble imaging and the resistance measurement results matched with each other. The recovery generally propagated faster in thinner and wider samples as well as when higher voltages were applied during the over-current period. This recovery behavior was understood quantitatively with the concept of heat transfer to the surrounding liquid nitrogen. Heat balance equation was solved, and the calculated data were compared with experimental results.
Quantitative Chemical State XPS Analysis of First Row Transition Metals, Oxides and Hydroxides

Practical quantitative chemical state X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of first row transition metals, oxides and hydroxides is challenging due to the complexity of their M 2p spectra. Complex multiplet splitting, shake-up and plasmon loss structure can play a role in the interpretation of the chemical states present. This paper will show practical curve fitting procedures for the quantitative measurement of different chemical states for metal oxides and hydroxides from a survey of transition metals. It will also discuss some of the limitations and pitfalls present as well as give practical examples of their successful use. These curve-fitting procedures are based on 1) standard spectra from quality reference samples, 2) a survey of appropriate literature databases and/or a compilation of literature references, 3) fitting of multiplet split spectra based on spectra of numerous reference materials and theoretical modelling, 4) spectral subtractions routines, again using reference spectra, and 5) specific literature references where fitting procedures are available.
Polarised light in computer graphics

In Computer Graphics, the polarisation properties of light currently play a role in several contexts: in certain forms of highly realistic ray-based image synthesis (sometimes colloquially referred to as Polarisation Ray Tracing), in some 3D display systems, and in some material acquisition technologies. The properties of light that are behind all of these applications are basically the same, although the technologies for which this property of light is being used differ considerably. Also, the notations and mathematical formalisms used in these application areas differ to some degree as well. This course aims to provide a unified resource for those areas of computer graphics which require a working knowledge of light polarisation: rendering and material acquisition. Consequently, the course is structured into three main parts: I - Background, II - Polarisation Ray Tracing, and III - Polarised Light in Acquisition Technology. Care is taken so that the information provided in Part I is applicable to both Part II and III of the course, and is formulated in a way that emphasises the underlying similarities.
Learner's Acceptance based on Shackell's usability Model for Supplementary Mobile Learning of an English Course

The use of mobile phones to facilitate the learning process, the so-called mobile learning (m-learning or mLearning), raises various issues, thus making it critical to study the learner adoption and acceptance of mLearning. In this research, a supplementary instructional materials, supporting a regular classroom (i.e., face-to-face) of English as second language (ESL) course, called MobiEnglish, are developed and implemented, using ready-made commercial products and tools. MobiEnglish, delivered through mobile phones, provides different modes of interactions between the content, students, and instructor. A survey method, employing questionnaire, is used to collect learners' responses. The questionnaire contains 19 items based on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from “Strongly Disagree” to “Strongly Agree,” to measure the four constructs of Shackel’s usability model (i.e., effectiveness, learnability, flexibility, and attitude). The results of responses show high acceptance level of MobiEnglish, reflecting the potential of using mLearning in teaching ESL. Furthermore, the research reveals that the use of the enhanced features of mobile computing with respect to multimedia (i.e., voice and video) is more appealing to learners of ESL.
Oropharyngeal production of pneumococcal capsular antigen and the potential for contamination of expectorated sputum samples in pneumococcal pneumonia

SUMMARY The presence of pneumococcal capsular antigen (PCA) in the oropharynx was sought in subjects without respiratory tract infection. Saliva specimens from 239 subjects were analysed by counter-current immunoelectrophoresis using ‘Omni-serum’. 15.5% gave positive reactions but only 24% of positive samples were typable and therefore due to pneumococcal or pneumococcal-like antigens. Given that oropharyngeal production of antigens occurs we investigated whether PCA in expectorated sputum arose from oropharyngeal contamination. Sixteen patients with pneumococcal pneumonia, and with sputum positive for PCA, were investigated in detail. On the basis of serotyping and concentration the PCA in sputum was thought to arise from the lower respiratory tract in all cases. This was confirmed by a simple, novel approach involving the comparison of concentrations in concomitant samples of saliva and sputum. Thus while oropharyngeal production of antigens poses a potential diagnostic problem the latter approach can be used to exclude contamination.
A study on the processing model of online customer reviews from DOC perspective

The development of internet and information technology provides customers a new opportunity to share their shopping experience online. Online customer reviews (OCR) have a significant value on purchasing decisions and corporate reputation management. However, how to aggregate and utilize OCR is a big challenge. This paper explores the OCR processing and proposes an OCR processing model by introducing relative theories from three-dimensional perspectives of demanding, ordering and centralization. Moreover, we study on the formalization of the three-dimensional OCR processing model. Case analysis shows that the processing model proposed in this paper can provide practical ideas and methods for further improvement of OCR processing.
Assessment of body composition in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) leads to pathological changes in organs that express the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), including secretory cells of the digestive tract and the pancreas. Maintaining nutritional sufficiency is challenging for CF patients and therefore accurate monitoring is important for their clinical management.