Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Airway Management and Respiratory Care of the Burn Patient

Care of a large burn has four general phases (Table 1). The first phase, the initial evaluation and resuscitation phase, occurs from day 1 through day 3 and requires an accurate fluid resuscitation and thorough evaluation for other injuries and comorbid conditions. The second phase, initial wound excision and biological closure, describes the maneuver that attempts to change the natural history of the disease. This is typically accomplished by a series of staged operations that are completed during the first few days after injury. The third phase, definitive wound closure, involves replacement of temporary wound covers with definitive covers and closure and acute reconstruction of areas of small surface area but high complexity, such as the face and hands. The final stage of care is rehabilitation, reconstruction, and reintegration. Although this begins during the resuscitation period, it becomes very time consuming and involved toward the end of the acute hospital stay. There are unique airway and respiratory issues relevant to all four phases of care.
Exercise Preconditioning of Myocardial Infarct Size in Dogs Is Triggered by Calcium

Abstract: We showed that exercise induces early and late myocardial preconditioning in dogs and that these effects are mediated through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form (NADPH) oxidase activation. As the intracoronary administration of calcium induces preconditioning and exercise enhances the calcium inflow to the cell, we studied if this effect of exercise triggers exercise preconditioning independently of its hemodynamic effects. We analyzed in 81 dogs the effect of blocking sarcolemmal L-type Ca2+ channels with a low dose of verapamil on early and late preconditioning by exercise, and in other 50 dogs, we studied the effect of verapamil on NADPH oxidase activation in early exercise preconditioning. Exercise reduced myocardial infarct size by 76% and 52% (early and late windows respectively; P < 0.001 both), and these effects were abolished by a single low dose of verapamil given before exercise. This dose of verapamil did not modify the effect of exercise on metabolic and hemodynamic parameters. In addition, verapamil blocked the activation of NADPH oxidase during early preconditioning. The protective effect of exercise preconditioning on myocardial infarct size is triggered, at least in part, by calcium inflow increase to the cell during exercise and, during the early window, is mediated by NADPH oxidase activation.
An Object-Oriented Development Model of Blog Management System

A development model of blog management system was proposed based on the requirement analysis and feasible analysis. In order to express the system structure clearly, the functions and management models of foreground and background were studied. Visitors, registered users and administrators were endowed with different rights, which are based on the different level. Object-oriented program design method is adopted to manage and maintain basic code of the system conveniently. Articles and comments of the system are ranked on the basis of release time and clicking frequency. And SQL Sever is adopted as the database management system of the system.
Nutritional and hormonal regulation of the TOR effector 4E‐binding protein (4E‐BP) in the mosquito Aedes aegypti

Mosquitoes require blood for egg development, and, as a consequence, they transmit pathogens of devastating diseases. Target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling is a key pathway linking blood feeding and egg development in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. We show that the regulation of the TOR effector translational repressor 4E‐BP is finely tuned to the nutritional requirements of the female mosquito, and it occurs at transcriptional and post‐translational levels. Immediately after blood feeding, 4E‐BP became hyperphosphorylated, suggesting rapid inhibition of its translational repression function. 4E‐BP was highly phosphorylated after in vitro incubation of the fat body in the presence of amino acids; this phosphorylation was rapamycin insensitive, in contrast to another TOR target, S6K, phosphorylation of which was rapamycin sensitive. A high level of 4E‐BP phosphorylation was also elicited by insulin. Rapamycin and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 blocked insulin‐mediated 4E‐BP phosphorylation. RNA‐interference depletion of the insulin receptor or Akt resulted in severe reduction of 4E‐BP phosphorylation. Phosphorylation and stability of 4E‐BP was dependent on its partner eIF4E translation initiation factor. Silencing of 4E‐BP resulted in reduction of the life span of adult female mosquitoes. This study demonstrates a dual nutritional and hormonal control of 4E‐BP and its role in mosquito egg development. —Roy, S. G. , Raikhel, A. S. Nutritional and hormonal regulation of the TOR effector 4E‐binding protein (4E‐BP) in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. FASEB J. 26, 1334‐1342 (2012). www.fasebj. org
Low-temperature specific heat of the Coulomb glass: Role of correlations.

An algorithm for the determination of an almost complete set of low-lying system states of an Ising glass sample of up to roughly 500 sites is presented. The method is applied to the investigation of the specific heat of the Coulomb glass. The importance of correlations and the increase of an associated correlation length with decreasing temperature are demonstrated. The studies are extended to temperatures considerably lower than in recent works, which used the Metropolis algorithm. As T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0, the specific heat vanishes superlinearly. At low T, it is considerably larger than its estimate from the often used approximation of independent one-electron hops. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
The Effects of Smoking on Periodontal Therapy : An Evidence-Based Comprehensive Literature Review

The positive relationship between smoking and major general health diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease and negative pregnancy outcomes is already established. Moreover, the association between smoking as a major environmental risk factor for periodontal disease has also been established. Smoking is considered to have negative adverse effect on periodontal therapy ranging from non-surgical treatment, periodontal surgery, regenerative procedures and implants. This review article will attempt to build on previous studies in the periodontal literature in order to present an evidence-based comprehensive literature review on the effects of smoking on periodontal therapy.
Expression profile of transcripts in Alzheimer's disease tangle‐bearing CA1 neurons

The pathogenesis of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is poorly understood, but changes in the expression of specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs) may reflect mechanisms underlying the formation of NFTs and their consequences in affected neurons. For these reasons, we compared the relative abundance of multiple mRNAs in tangle‐bearing versus normal CA1 neurons aspirated from sections of AD and control brains. Amplified antisense RNA expression profiling was performed on individual isolated neurons for analysis of greater than 18,000 expressed sequence tagged complementary DNAs (cDNAs) with cDNA microarrays, and further quantitative analyses were performed by reverse Northern blot analysis on 120 selected mRNAs on custom cDNA arrays. Relative to normal CA1 neurons, those harboring NFTs in AD brains showed significant reductions in several classes of mRNAs that are known to encode proteins implicated in AD neuropathology, including phosphatases/kinases, cytoskeletal proteins, synaptic proteins, glutamate receptors, and dopamine receptors. Because cathepsin D mRNA was upregulated in NFT‐bearing CA1 neurons in AD brains, we performed immunohistochemical studies that demonstrated abundant cathepsin D immunoreactivity in the same population of tangle‐bearing CA1 neurons. In addition, levels of mRNAs encoding proteins not previously implicated in AD were reduced in CA1 tangle‐bearing neurons, suggesting that these proteins (eg, activity‐regulated cytoskeleton‐associated protein, focal adhesion kinase, glutaredoxin, utrophin) may be novel mediators of NFT formation or degeneration in affected neurons. Thus, the profile of mRNAs differentially expressed by tangle‐bearing CA1 neurons may represent a “molecular fingerprint” of these neurons, and we speculate that mRNA expression profiles of diseased neurons in AD may suggest new directions for AD research or identify novel targets for developing more effective AD therapies. Ann Neurol 2000;48:77–87
Using chemical tracers to assess ocean models

Chemical tracers can be used to assess the simulated circulation in ocean models. Tracers that have been used in this context include tritium, chlorofluorocarbons, natural and bomb‐produced radiocarbon, and to a lesser extent, oxygen, silicate, phosphate, isotopes of organic and inorganic carbon compounds, and certain noble gases (e.g., helium and argon). This paper reviews the use of chemical tracers in assessing the circulation and flow patterns in global and regional ocean models. It will be shown that crucial information can be derived from chemcial tracers that cannot be obtained from temperature‐salinity (T‐S) alone. In fact, it turns out that a model with a good representation of T‐S can have significant errors in simulated circulation, so checking a model’s ability to capture chemical tracer patterns is vital. Natural chemical tracers such as isotopes of carbon, argon, and oxygen are useful for examining the model representation of old water masses, such as North Pacific and Circumpolar Deep Water. Anthropogenic or transient tracers, such as tritium, chlorofluorocarbons, and bomb‐produced 14C, are best suited for analyzing model circulation over decadal timescales, such as thermocline ventilation, the renewal of Antarctic Intermediate Water, and the ventilation pathways of North Atlantic Deep Water and Antarctic Bottom Water. Tracer model studies have helped to reveal inadequacies in the model representation of certain water mass formation processes, for example, convection, downslope flows, and deep ocean currents. They show how coarse models can chronically exaggerate the spatial scales of open‐ocean convection and deep currents while underestimating deep flow rates and diffusing downslope flows with excessive lateral mixing. Higher‐resolution models typically only resolve thermocline ventilation because of shorter integration times, and most resort to high‐latitude T‐S restoring to simulate reasonable interior water mass characteristics. This can be seen to result in spuriously weak chemical tracer uptake at high latitudes due to suppressed convective overturn and vertical motion. Overall, the simulation of chemical tracers is strongly recommended in model assessment studies and as a tool for analyzing water mass mixing and transformation in ocean models. We argue that a cost‐effective approach is to simulate natural radiocarbon to assess long‐timescale processes, and CFCs for decadal to interdecadal ocean ventilation.
Plant species modifies the functional response of Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae): implications for biological control

The functional response of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot to eggs of its prey, the spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch was examined on three plant species. Experiments were done to determine whether differences in the functional response on the three plant species were due to the morphological features of the crop directly on the predator or through an effect of the plant species on the prey. The results show that crop morphology is the only factor influencing the predatory ability of P. persimilis on the three plant species. Fewer eggs were eaten on Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. ‘Autumnal Blue’, the plant species with hairy leaves, and greater numbers of prey consumed on Choisya ternata, a species with smooth leaves. However, similarly few eggs were eaten on the smooth, but waxy leaved Euonymus japonicus as on Ceanothus thyrsiflorus, demonstrating that morphological characters of leaves other than the possession of hairs and trichomes may affect the rates of predation. The implications of these results for the tritrophic interactions between plant, predator and prey, and the development of suitable biological control strategies are discussed.
Phylogenetic analysis of 3 ’ region of Helicobacter pylori cagA gene of Lombok isolates and the association with gastric pathology

Lombok island is a transitional region beetwen Asian and Australian faunal biodiversity. There has been no previous report on the genotype of Helicobacter pylori in the population. The cagA gene is one of the important virulence factors of H. pylori. The diversity of cagA 3′ regions reflect the phylogenetic relationships among the different H. pylori isolates and their association with clinical outcomes and significant geographical differences among isolates have been reported. The purpose of this study was to analyse the variability of 3’region of cagA H. pylori Lombok isolates and determine the genotype based on EPIYA(Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala) motif of CagA and its relationship with pathological of the stomach. Total of 36 isolates of H. pylori Lombok origins were studied. Gastric antral biopsies collected from 36 Lomboknese patients (chronic gastritis = 13, gastric/duodenal ulcer =12, and gastric cancer =10) were used to amplify the 3’ regions of cagA containing EPIYA motifs by PCR then followed by DNA sequencing. We have found that 34/36 of the H. pylori Lombok isolates were clustered alone while 1/36 was clustered together with other East Asian strains. The findings of the study suggested that Lombok H. pylori strains share a common ancestry with East Asians but with their own unique sequences. No association of specific sequences with the outcome of disease was revealed through additional phylogenetic analysis based on amino acid sequences.
Comparison of point estimate and cumulant techniques for efficient estimation of critical oscillatory modes

This paper investigates the use of point estimate and cumulant-based techniques for the efficient estimation of critical eigenvalue distributions during probabilistic small-disturbance stability studies. The presence of uncertainty in system operating conditions results in variation of the damping of critical electromechanical modes, affecting system stability. The efficient estimation techniques are evaluated to assess their suitability for fast estimation of variation in critical electromechanical modes and robustness to variation in system uncertainties. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the methods is compared with the numerical Monte Carlo approach.
A high-q all-fused silica solid-stem wineglass hemispherical resonator formed using micro blow torching and welding

We report a new fabrication technology for making fused silica (FS) wineglass resonators with arbitrarily sized FS solid stems through a simultaneous process of micro blow-torching and microwelding. The process allows the welding of multiple FS structures at controlled locations during blow torching. We demonstrate a new micro FS wineglass resonator with high quality factor (Q) and long ring down time (τ). The resonator is formed by blow torching and flowing a thin FS substrate using vacuum to form the resonator shell, and by welding the shell to a solid post at a controlled location. The flowing of the shell and welding to the rod is performed in one step and in a single mold. This solid-stem resonator offers low anchor loss due to the large stem length/stiffness, and small shell rim thickness. The device has a shell radius/height of ~2.8 mm, and a stem radius of 0.5 mm. At <;10 μTorr vacuum, the n=2 wineglass mode, located at a frequency (f) of 22.6 kHz, has σ = 35.9 s and Q = 2.55 million.
Toward a Gaussian-Mixture Model-Based Detection Scheme Against Data Integrity Attacks in the Smart Grid

In recent years, the smart grid has been recognized as an important form of the Internet of Things application. In the smart grid, as an energy-based cyber-physical system, the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) will be developed to monitor and control the power grid by integrating computing and networking components to ensure stable and efficient operation. The AMI is vulnerable to cyber attacks, especially data integrity attacks. There have been a number of research efforts on detecting such attacks. Nonetheless, most of existing schemes either rely on predefined thresholds or require external knowledge. This may lead to low detection accuracy when the thresholds are improperly defined, and where there is a lack of the external knowledge. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose a Gaussian-mixture model-based detection scheme to mitigate data integrity attacks. Not relying upon the predefined thresholds or external knowledge, our developed scheme operates through narrowing the range of normal data, which can be obtained through clustering the historical data and learning minimum and maximum values or distance values to each center of individual clusters. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme, we conduct performance simulation based on the ElectricityLoadDiagrams20112014 data set, and then analyze the effectiveness of the proposed scheme with respect to detection accuracy and overhead. The results of our investigation show that our scheme could achieve a higher detection rate, and a lower error rate, in comparison to existing schemes based on the Min-Max model.
Less Invasive Pedicled Omental-Cranial Transposition in Pediatric Patients With Moyamoya Disease and Failed Prior Revascularization

BACKGROUND: Patients with moyamoya disease and progressive neurological deterioration despite previous revascularization pose a major treatment challenge. Many have exhausted typical sources for bypass or have ischemia in areas that are difficult to reach with an indirect pedicled flap. Omental-cranial transposition has been an effective, but sparingly used technique because of its associated morbidity. OBJECTIVE: We have refined a laparoscopic method of harvesting an omental flap that preserves its gastroepiploic arterial supply. METHODS: The pedicled omentum can be lengthened as needed by dividing it between the vascular arcades. It is transposed to the brain via skip incisions. The flap can be trimmed or stretched to cover ischemic areas of the brain. The cranial exposure is performed in parallel with pediatric surgeons. We performed this technique in 3 pediatric patients with moyamoya disease (aged 5-12 years) with previous superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypasses and progressive ischemic symptoms. In 1 patient, we transposed omentum to both hemispheres. RESULTS: Blood loss ranged from 75 to 250 mL. After surgery, patients immediately tolerated a diet and were discharged in 3 to 5 days. The ischemic symptoms of all 3 children resolved within 3 months postoperatively. Magnetic resonance imaging at 1 year showed improved perfusion and no new infarcts. Angiography showed excellent revascularization of targeted areas and patency of the donor gastroepiploic artery. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic omental harvest for cranial-omental transposition can be performed efficiently and safely. Patients with moyamoya disease appear to tolerate this technique much better than laparotomy. With this method, we can achieve excellent angiographic revascularization and resolution of ischemic symptoms. ABBREVIATIONS: MCA, middle cerebral artery SPECT, single-photon emission computed tomography STA, superficial temporal artery TIA, transient ischemic attack
New paradigm for signal paths in ATE pin electronics are needed for serialcom device testing

Signal paths in ATE pin electronics need a fresh examination in order to address the challenges of serial data communication (serialcom) device testing. The effects of limited frequency bandwidth of the DUT signal path can introduce nonnegligible amounts of data-dependent jitter in the jitter testing. This effect has not been previously discussed with respect to ATE. The frequency bandwidth effects become even more critical at the speeds expected in the near future. This paper proposes new signal paths in ATE, studies the basics of the tools used for frequency bandwidth investigation and reviews some fundamental frequency bandwidth effects in ATE.
Improved recursive least squares algorithm based on echo state neural network for nonlinear system identification

In order to model nonlinear systems with more accuracy, and to further exploit the potential capacities of recurrent neural networks, we propose a novel recursive least square (RLS) algorithm based on echo state network (ESN), and note it as RLSESN in this paper. ESN is a new paradigm for using recurrent neural networks (RNN) with a simpler training method. The proposed RLSESN consists of three main components: an ESN, a recursive least square (RLS) algorithm with adaptive forgetting factor and a change detection module. At first, the change detection module modifies the forgetting factor online according to ESN output errors. And then, the RLS algorithm regulates the ESN output connection weights. The simulation experiment results show that RLSESN can model nonlinear systems very well; the modeling performances are significantly better than those traditional ARMA model based filters.
Withering before the sowing? A survey of Oman's 'tomorrow's doctors' interest in psychiatry.

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the attitudes of medical students towards psychiatry, both as a subject in their medical curriculum and as a career choice. Three separate domains were elicited: (i) merit, competency and status; (ii) perceived attitude and attributes toward psychiatry and psychiatric services and (iii) treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 26-item scale Das and Chandrasena Questionnaire was administered prior to and immediately following an 8-week clinical training program. RESULTS Results indicate that the perception of psychiatry was positive prior to clerkship and became even more so upon completion of the training. However, there was a significant drop in the proportion of students who indicated that they might choose a career in psychiatry. CONCLUSION This is consistent with other studies suggesting that perception of psychiatry is enhanced following a clerkship but this does not translate into psychiatry as a career intention. This finding is highlighted in light of the increasing magnitude of the number of people affected with mental disorders in a developing country like Oman but with no parallel development in psychiatric services.
Isolation and characterization of Tn5 insertion mutations in the lexA gene of Escherichia coli

A Mu d(Ap lac)-generated fusion of lacZ to dinD, a gene induced by DNA damage, was used to isolate Tn5 insertion mutations that affect the regulation of the SOS responses. Three mutants were obtained that contained Tn5 insertions genetically linked to the lexA gene and had properties that suggested the mutants were deficient in lexA expression. The lexA protein has been shown to function as the repressor for genes involved in the SOS responses. By Southern blotting experiments, the three Tn5 insertions were physically mapped to distinct locations within the coding region of the lexA gene. The introduction of these mutations in six strains carrying lacZ fusions to different damage-inducible genes resulted in high expression of beta-galactosidase in all but one of the strains. In the dinF fusion strain, lacZ expression was reduced below that seen in a lexA+ background. Physical mapping studies of the dinF locus gave results consistent with the notion that dinF is part of the lexA transcription unit and that a lexA::Tn5 mutation has a polar effect on dinF expression. With certain din-lac fusion strains, a correlation was seen between the amount of beta-galactosidase production and the location of the particular Tn5 insertion within the lexA gene.