Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Device-Free Multiple People Daily Activity Recognition Using the Channel State Information Of Wi-Fi Signals

This paper demonstrates on the problem of device-free multiple people daily activity recognition, which is very crucial for human computer interaction. The main idea of this paper lies in that we introduce channel state information of Wi-Fi signals to recognize multiple people daily activity. Channel state information is used in the receiver end to analyze features of a communication channel to detect tampering through the transmitter. In order to alleviate the negative influence of radio frequency interference, we define window size to build up vectors of Channel state information. Afterwards, the proposed device-free multiple people daily activity recognition method is implemented by solving the sparse representation classification problem using minimization. To testify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we set the experiment setting with a bedroom and a living room; moreover, two persons and a cat are set in this experiment. Experiments results show that proposed device-free multiple people daily activity recognition method is able to promote activity recognition accuracy under different experiment settings.
Species diversity of Genea (Ascomycota, Pezizales) in Europe

Here we revisit the species diversity within the genus Genea in Europe. Nine new species are proposed: Genea brunneocarpa, G. compressa, G. dentata, G. fageticola, G. oxygala, G. pinicola, G. pseudobalsleyi, G. pseudoverrucosa, and G. tuberculata to accommodate new collections that do not match any previously described taxa. The new species are described with accurate morphological and ecological data. Genea lobulata is also proposed as a new combination to elevate the previously recognized variety, Genea sphaerica f. lobulata, to the species level. Useful macroscopic images and spore drawings of all ten new taxa are included to help discriminate them from closely related species
The effect of helper presence on egg size in cooperatively breeding birds

Cooperative breeders receive help with offspring care from non-breeding individuals, named helpers. In the presence of helpers, parents can reduce their work-load without consequences for their offspring, a phenomenon called load-lightening. Load-lightening at the feeding stage is a common strategy among cooperative breeders. Russell et al. 2017 have shown that for the superb fairy-wren, load-lightening can already occur at the egg stage, in which females that are assisted by helpers lay smaller eggs. They predicted that load-lightening at the egg stage also is a widespread phenomenon among cooperatively breeding species. In this study, this prediction is tested by examining the effect of helper presence on egg size in ten cooperatively breeding bird species: the superb fairy-wren, carrion crow, sociable weaver, brown-headed nuthatch, acorn woodpecker, southern lapwing, Iberian magpie, laughing kookaburra, dunnock and the red-winged fairy-wren. For four of these species, it was demonstrated that females breeding in the presence of helpers laid smaller eggs than in the absence of helpers. In the other six species the effect was the other way around (helper presence increased egg size) or there was no effect at all. Therefore, load-lightening at the egg stage does not appear to be a widespread phenomenon in cooperatively breeding birds. However, there is a chance that the correlation between helper presence and egg size is non-causal, since both egg size and helper presence might be correlated to the quality of the territory and/or breeders. Future studies investigating the role of helper presence in cooperative breeders should take this into account.
Isolation, characterization and expression of transcription factor ScDREB2 from wild, commercial and interspecific hybrid sugarcane in salinity condition

Dehydration Responsive Element Binding (DREB) gene is one of the essential transcription factors plants use for responding to stress conditions including salinity, drought, and cold stress. The purpose of this study was to isolate the full length and characterize the DREB gene from three different genotypes of sugarcane, wild, commercial cultivar, and interspecific hybrid sugarcane. The length of the gene, designated ScDREB was 789 bp, and coding for a putative polypeptide of 262 amino acid residues. Sequences of the gene were submitted to the GenBank database with accession numbers of KX280722.1, KX280721.1, and KX280719.1 for wild sugarcane, commercial cultivar (KPS94-13), and interspecific hybrid (Biotec2), respectively. In silico characterization indicated that the deduced polypeptide contains a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence, and a conserved AP2/ERF domain of the DREB family, at 82-140 amino residues. Based on multiple sequence alignment, sequences of the gene from the three sugarcane genotypes were classified in the DREB2 group. Gene expression analysis indicated, that ScDREB2 expression pattern in tested sugarcane was up-regulated by salt stress. When the plants were under 100 mM NaCl stress, relative expressions of the gene in leaves was higher than those in roots. In contrast, under 200 mM NaCl stress, relative expressions of the gene in roots was higher than those in leaves. This is the first report on cloning the full length and characterization, of ScDREB2 gene of sugarcane. Results indicate that ScDREB2 is highly responsive to salt stress.
A Chinese Speech Synthesis System with Capability of Accent Realizing

To aim to predict and realize Chinese accent in a unit-selection based speech synthesis system,a data-driven method was used to build an accent-supported prosody module.First,with the help of Accent-Index detector which had been optimized with perceptual annotations,a speech corpus had been auto-annotated with Accent-Index.Then,a prosody predictive module supporting accent had been trained with the corpus.Replaced with the new prosody predictive module,the speech synthesis system could synthesize speech with various levels of accent.The results on the experiments had proved the accuracy of auto-detected accents,and the validity of the prosody predictor,and also the capability of accent realizing of the speech synthesis system.
A Clustering Algorithm Based on Cluster Validity Indices

Being an unsupervised learning,clustering algorithm suffering from the limitation that the number of clusters is specified by a human user.However,it is not suitable for human to specify the cluster parameters while lacking of prior knowledge.The main purpose of cluster validity index studied recently is to estimate the number of clusters and the goodness or validity of the clusters.In this paper,we propose a new clustering algorithm based on cluster validity indices,which obviates the needs for cluster parameters.We choose at each step the merging of clusters that results in the greatest increase(or smallest decrease) in cluster validity index.And we take gravitation model as calculating similarity distance;dispose the abnormal points that could be appeared.Experimental results show that our methods can detect the number of clusters based on given dataset exactly,and the error rates of clustering results are lowerthan the other clustering algorithm.We outperform the other cluster algorithms based on cluster validity indices with higher efficiency.
Multilingual techniques for low resource automatic speech recognition

Out of the approximately 7000 languages spoken around the world, there are only about 100 languages with Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) capability. This is due to the fact that a vast amount of resources is required to build a speech recognizer. This often includes thousands of hours of transcribed speech data, a phonetic pronunciation dictionary or lexicon which spans all words in the language, and a text collection on the order of several million words. Moreover, ASR technologies usually require years of research in order to deal with the specific idiosyncrasies of each language. This makes building a speech recognizer on a language with few resources a daunting task. In this thesis, we propose a universal ASR framework for transcription and keyword spotting (KWS) tasks that work on a variety of languages. We investigate methods to deal with the need of a pronunciation dictionary by using a Pronunciation Mixture Model that can learn from existing lexicons and acoustic data to generate pronunciation for new words. In the case when no dictionary is available, a graphemic lexicon provides comparable performance to the expert lexicon. To alleviate the need for text corpora, we investigate the use of subwords and web data which helps improve KWS spotting results. Finally, we reduce the need for speech recordings by using bottleneck (BN) features trained on multilingual corpora. We first propose the Low-rank Stacked Bottleneck architecture which improves ASR performance over previous state-of-the-art systems. We then investigate a method to select data from various languages that is most similar to the target language in a data-driven manner, which helps improve the effectiveness of the BN features. Using techniques described and proposed in this thesis, we are able to more than double the KWS performance for a low-resource language compared to using standard techniques geared towards rich resource domains. Thesis Supervisor: Dr. James Glass Title: Senior Research Scientist
Uyghur Stemming and Lemmatization Approach based on Multi-Morphological Features

This paper describes a stemming and lemmatization approach for Uyghur using Conditional Random Fields (CRFs). In the proposed approach, we used syllable-level training and test corpus with the combination of some automatically tagged positional and morphological feature tags. The training and test corpus has been manually tagged with a stemming tag set which includes eight kinds of tags which fully reflect the morphological feature of Uyghur word. It has been observed that some morphological features are very h elpful for improving the evaluating results. The syllable-level Precision, Recall and F-score of the best evaluation result respectively are 98.79%, 98.71% and 98.75% respectively, and the word-level accuracy we achieved is 95.9%. The experimental results show that the efficiency of this approach is very ideal.
The freshwater biome gradient framework: predicting macroscale properties based on latitude, altitude, and precipitation

Understanding global ecological patterns and processes, from biogeochemical to biogeographical, requires broad‐scale macrosystems context for comparing and contrasting ecosystems. Climate gradients (precipitation and temperature) and other continental‐scale patterns shape freshwater environments due to their influences on terrestrial environments and their direct and indirect effects on the abiotic and biotic characteristics of lakes, streams, and wetlands. We combined literature review, analyses of open access data, and logical argument to assess abiotic and biotic characters of freshwater systems across gradients of latitude and elevation that drive precipitation, temperature, and other variability. We explored the predictive value of analyzing patterns in freshwater ecosystems at the global macrosystems scale. We found many patterns based on climate, particularly those dependent upon hydrologic characteristics and linked to characteristics of terrestrial biomes. For example, continental waters of dry areas will generally be widely dispersed and have higher probability of drying and network disconnection, greater temperatures, greater inorganic turbidity, greater salinity, and lower riparian canopy cover relative to areas with high precipitation. These factors will influence local community composition and ecosystem rates. Enough studies are now available at the continental or global scale to start to characterize patterns under a coherent conceptual framework, though considerable gaps exist in the tropics and less developed regions. We present illustrative global‐scale trends of abiotic, biotic, and anthropogenic impacts in freshwater ecosystems across gradients of precipitation and temperature to further understanding of broad‐scale trends and to aid prediction in the face of global change. We view freshwater systems as occurring across arrays of multiple gradients (including latitude, altitude, and precipitation) rather than areas with specific boundaries. While terrestrial biomes capture some variability along these gradients that influence freshwaters, other features such as, slope, geology, and historical glaciation also influence freshwaters. Our conceptual framework is not so much a single hypothesis as a way to logically characterize patterns in freshwaters at scales relevant to (1) evolutionary processes that give rise to freshwater biodiversity, (2) regulatory units that influence freshwater ecosystems, and (3) the current scope of anthropogenic impacts on freshwaters and the vital ecosystem services they provide.
Mapeamento e validação de loci de caracteres quantitativos (QTL) para resistência a Cercospora zeae-maydis em milho tropical (Zea mays L.)

Resistance to infection by Cercospora zeae-maydis (Cz) ranks among the most important objectives of breeding programs in Brazil. The objectives of this research were to map and characterize Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) related to resistance to Cz, to validate the estimates of their effects on disease severity using NearIsogenic Lines (NILs), and to estimate their effects on three major agronomic traits using their respective Near Isogenic Hybrids (NIHs) obtained by crossing the NILs with an inbred of complementary heterotic pool. Four QTL with LOD values > 2.5 were mapped using the Multiple Interval Mapping approach. Three of them were evaluated in this study. NILs genotype included the two QTL allele located in chromosome 1 in repulsion phase, Q1 in bin 1.05 and Q2 in bin 1.07, and one in chromosome 3, Q3 in bin 3.07. NIL evaluation showed that individually, the three QTL significantly reduced the severity of Cz. An unfavorable epistatic interaction for the reaction to Cz was detected between Q1 and Q2, in which one QTL allele effectively nullified the effect of the other. Alternatively, the interaction between Q2 and Q3 was positive, promoting the reduction of the severity to a greater extent than the sum of their individual effects. NIH evaluation revealed significant individual effects for Q1 and Q3 on Cz severity, for Q2 on stalk lodging and grain yield, and for Q3 on grain moisture and stalk lodging. Significant epistatic interactions were also detected between Q1 and Q2 for grain moisture and between Q1 and Q3 for stalk lodging. The combination of QTL impacts the effectiveness of marker-assisted selection procedures in commercial product development programs.
Performance Analysis of an Inter-Relay Co-operation in FSO Communication System

Abstract In this work, we analyze the outage and error performance of a one-way inter-relay assisted free space optical link. The assumption of the absence of direct link between the source and destination node is being made for the analysis, and the feasibility of such system configuration is studied. We consider the influence of path loss, atmospheric turbulence and pointing error impairments, and investigate the effect of these parameters on the system performance. The turbulence-induced fading is modeled by independent but not necessarily identically distributed gamma–gamma fading statistics. The closed-form expressions for outage probability and probability of error are derived and illustrated by numerical plots. It is concluded that the absence of line of sight path between source and destination nodes does not lead to significant performance degradation. Moreover, for the system model under consideration, interconnected relaying provides better error performance than the non-interconnected relaying and dual-hop serial relaying techniques.
RCA-1 Silicon Wafer Cleaning

The famous RCA-1 clean (sometimes called “standard clean-1”, SC-1), developed by Werner Kern at RCA laboratories in the late 1960’s, is a procedure for removing organic residue and films from silicon wafers. The decontamination works based on sequential oxidative desorption and complexing with H2O2-NH4OH-H2O (RCA1). A second RCA-2 clean (SC-2) is often used H2O2-HCl-H2O to further clean the surface. RCA-1 clean is used to remove organic residues from silicon wafers. In the process, it oxidizes the silicon and leaves a thin oxide on the surface of the wafer which should be removed is a pure silicon surface is desired.
The rise and fall of major royal jelly proteins during a honeybee (Apis mellifera) workers' life

Abstract The genome of the western honeybee (Apis mellifera) harbors nine transcribed major royal jelly protein genes (mrjp1‐9) which originate from a single‐copy precursor via gene duplication. The first MRJP was identified in royal jelly, a secretion of the bees' hypopharyngeal glands that is used by young worker bees, called nurses, to feed developing larvae. Thus, MRJPs are frequently assumed to mainly have functions for developing bee larvae and to be expressed in the food glands of nurse bees. In‐depth knowledge on caste‐ and age‐specific role and abundance of MRJPs is missing. We here show, using combined quantitative real‐time PCR with quantitative mass spectrometry, that expression and protein amount of mrjp1‐5 and mrjp7 show an age‐dependent pattern in worker's hypopharyngeal glands as well as in brains, albeit lower relative abundance in brains than in glands. Expression increases after hatching until the nurse bee period and is followed by a decrease in older workers that forage for plant products. Mrjp6 expression deviates considerably from the expression profiles of the other mrjps, does not significantly vary in the brain, and shows its highest expression in the hypopharyngeal glands during the forager period. Furthermore, it is the only mrjp of which transcript abundance does not correlate with protein amount. Mrjp8 and mrjp9 show, compared to the other mrjps, a very low expression in both tissues. Albeit mrjp8 mRNA was detected via qPCR, the protein was not quantified in any of the tissues. Due to the occurrence of MRJP8 and MRJP9 in other body parts of the bees, for example, the venom gland, they might not have a hypopharyngeal gland‐ or brain‐specific function but rather functions in other tissues. Thus, mrjp1‐7 but not mrjp8 and mrjp9 might be involved in the regulation of phenotypic plasticity and age polyethism in worker honeybees.
In Vitro Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with the Honeybee, Apis mellifera Venom

The aim of the present study was to extract chitosan from corpses of the naturally died honeybee, prepare chitosan nanoparticles (B- CS- NPs) for loading the honeybee, Apis mellifera venom (BV) and evaluate their antimicrobial potential. Chitin was extracted from the cuticle of corpses of naturally died honeybees following 4 steps; de-waxing, demineralization, deproteinization and discoloration. Chitosan was obtained by deacetylation of chitin and characterized using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction. Honeybee chitosan nanoparticles (B-CS-NPs) were prepared by ionic gelation method using TPP in acidic medium. Empty nanoparticles (B-CS-NPs) and bee venom loaded nanoparticles (BV loaded NPs) were characterized. Hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of B- CS NPs were 74.2 nm, and 51.1 mV, while those of bee venom-loaded (BV loaded NPs) were 110.5 nm, 49.0 mv, respectively. The loading capacity (LC) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) were 86.5 % and 91.3 %, respectively, at bee venom concentration of 600 µg / ml. The antimicrobial activity of empty and BV loaded nanoparticles was studied using different strains of human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Compared to empty nanoparticles, BV loaded NPs exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against the studied strains except in Aspergillus flavus fungus, which seemed to be resistant.
SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION STUDY OF THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF AGO

The changes in chemical states and composition of the surface region of a Ag2CO3 powder at various stages during thermal decomposition have been examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS). The near-surface region of the as-received powder consists primarily of Ag2CO3 although some hydrocarbon and alcohol contaminants also are present. A 155 °C anneal results in partial decomposition of Ag2CO3 to Ag metal and oxides and reduces the amounts of the C contaminants. An anneal at 170 °C causes further decomposition of the Ag2CO3 to Ag metal, Ag2O, and AgO. ISS data indicate that at 205 °C oxygen migrates more rapidly to the outermost atomic layer than it desorbs, resulting in an increased oxygen concentration. The AgO species undergoes further decomposition to Ag2O during a 340 °C anneal treatment. Between 340 and 430 °C the Ag2O decomposes, leaving only Ag metal and subsurface oxygen in the near-surface region of the sample. These results are consistent with tem.
In-silico evidence that increased cortico-thalamic connectivity and superficial pyramidal disinhibition underlie broadband task-related spectral changes induced by ketamine

Cortical recordings of task-induced oscillations following subanaesthetic ketamine administration demonstrate alterations in amplitude, including increases at high-frequencies (gamma) and reductions at low frequencies (theta, alpha). To investigate the population-level interactions underlying these changes, we implemented a thalamo-cortical model capable of recapitulating broadband spectral responses. Compared with placebo, ketamine was found to increase the decay rate of NMDA receptor currents, decrease the decay rate of GABA-B receptor currents, but had no effect on AMPA or GABA-A currents. Furthermore, ketamine decreased the inhibitory self-modulation of superficial pyramidal populations, increased the inhibitory self-modulation of inhibitory interneurons and increased the strength of the cortico-thalamic projection from layer 6 into thalamus. In-silico rectification of each of these parameters to their placebo state revealed the accompanying spectral changes. Similar broadband effects were demonstrated for the NMDA constant and intrinsic connectivity changes, whereby rectification resulted in normalising the amplitude of alpha (increased) and gamma (decreased). While supporting theories of superficial pyramidal disinhibition following ketamine administration, our results suggest a role for altered cortico-thalamic connectivity relevant to understanding ketamine induced cortical responses and potentially identifies a system-level mechanism contributing to its antidepressant effects.
Digitizing of engineering curves and query of data

Engineering design revolves a lot of design data.Partical design data are described in the form of engineering curves.In the paper,an engineering curve is digitzed through data sampling of the engineering curve,data correction,data extraction,scale conversion,data sort and storage.Furthermore,the linear interpolation and parabola interpolation are used to retrieve and query data.