Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Program directors’ reflections on national policy change in medical education: insights on decision-making, accreditation, and the CanMEDS framework

Background Outcomes of national policy change impact all levels of the organizational hierarchy. The medical education literature is sparse on how reflections from program directors (PDs) on past large-scale policy changes can inform future policy initiatives. To fill this gap, we conducted a national survey on PDs’ perceptions of, and reflections on, decision-making in medical education, accreditation procedures, and the CanMEDS framework implementation. Methods The survey was distributed to former Canadian specialty medicine PDs (N = 684). Descriptive analysis was performed on quantitative data, thematic analysis was performed on qualitative comments, and comparisons between the quantitative and qualitative findings were performed to identify areas of convergence and/or divergence. Results A total of 265 (38.7%) former PDs participated. Quantitative analysis revealed that 52.8% of respondents did not feel involved in decision-making regarding policy changes, 45.1% of respondents did not feel prepared to assess the CanMEDS Roles, and PDs were divided on the reasonableness of accreditation documentation. Qualitative analysis produced four themes: communication, resources, expectations of outcomes, and buy-in. Nine sub-themes were also identified. A high level of convergence was identified across the content, with only four areas of divergence identified. Conclusions Our findings have the potential to inform future policy and/or accreditation changes. Without the lens of those charged with overseeing the implementation, policy evaluation and quality improvement will remain uninformed. PDs, therefore, bring unique insights into our understanding of national policy changes, and without the voices of these frontline implementers, the true success of policy change implementation will be hindered.
What We Eat Is Who We Are: The Role of Ethnic Attachment as an Ideological Base of Animal Exploitation

ABSTRACT Current research supports the idea that attitudes toward animals, including their rights and treatment, relate to other social and ideological views. In this study, I explored whether attitudes toward animals relate to wider ideological beliefs and important social identities in Serbia. I conducted two surveys to identify these relationships. In the first study, a sample (n = 321) from the general population completed a questionnaire asking about their attitudes toward animals, their acceptance of authority and societal order (right-wing authoritarianism), their preference for social hierarchy (social dominance orientation), and the importance of their social identities (gender, ethnicity, religion). I found that participants who were less supportive of animal rights also endorsed authoritarianism and relations of social dominance between groups to a larger extent. Furthermore, those who identified more strongly with gender, ethnicity, and religion also expressed more negative attitudes toward animals. In the second study, I surveyed undergraduate students in Serbia (n = 207) to determine the role of ethnic attachment as an ideological basis for attitudes toward animals. Perceptions of vegetarianism as an alternative lifestyle and a threat to the local traditions mediated the effects of ethnic attachment on both attitudes toward animals and meat consumption. However, this was true only for participants who prioritized group needs over individual needs (collectivists). In contrast, those with individualist views were more likely to endorse discrimination on the basis of species, regardless of their ethnocentrism. The findings show that attitudes toward animals correlated with endorsement of social hierarchies and with valuing the superiority of the ethnic ingroup. Attitudes toward animals thus relate to wider ideological views, in particular perceiving vegetarianism as a threat to the traditional values. I also discuss the implications of the findings for the study of human–animal relations.
Unfolding Jellyfish Bloom Dynamics Along the Mediterranean Basin by Transnational Citizen Science Initiatives

Science is addressing global societal challenges and, due to limitations in research financing, scientists are turning to public at large to jointly tackle specific environmental issues. Citizens are therefore increasingly involved in monitoring programs, appointed as citizen scientists with potential to delivering key data at near no cost to address environmental challenges, so fostering scientific knowledge and advise policy- and decision-makers. One of the first and most successful example of marine citizen science in the Mediterranean is represented by the integrative and collaborative implementation of several jellyfish spotting campaigns in Italy, Spain, Malta, Tunisia started in 2009. Altogether, in terms of time coverage, geographic extent, and number of citizen records, these represent the most effective marine citizen science campaign so far implemented in the Mediterranean Sea. Here we analyzed a collective database merging records over the above four Countries, featuring more than 100,000 records containing almost 25,000 observations of jellyfish specimens, collected over a period of 3 to 7 years (from 2009 to 2015) by citizen scientists participating in any of the national citizen science programs included in this analysis. Such a wide citizen science exercise demonstrates to be one of the so far available most valuable and cost-effective tools to understanding ecological drivers of jellyfish proliferations over the Western and Central Mediterranean basins, and a powerful contribute to develop tailored adaptation and management strategies, mitigate jellyfish impacts on human activities in coastal zones, and support implementation of marine spatial planning, Blue Growth and conservation strategies.
Low Fidelity Simulation on Sensory Impairments in Older Adults: Undergraduate Nursing Students’ Self-Reported Perceptions on Learning

Globally, the population is living longer and by 2050, it is predicted to reach 2.1 billion people. Sensory and cognitive impairments are common long-term conditions among older Europeans and have considerable functional, social, emotional and economic impacts on the individual and those caring for them. Nurses have frequent encounters with patients with these impairments and are expected to prioritise people, assess their needs and accommodate practice to meet these needs. In order to develop the requisite knowledge and understanding to support people living with these impairments, student nurses require an immersive and experiential approach to learning as opposed to just information transfer. This study reports on a cross-sectional analysis of a low fidelity simulation on sensory impairments as part of a wider dementia curriculum in semester one of the undergraduate nursing programme at the University of Highlands and Islands. Findings from an online questionnaire-based survey and content analysis of free text responses revealed that students found the simulation activities critical for gaining subject knowledge, understanding and insight. This study concluded that low-fidelity simulation of sensory/cognitive impairments, within the context of a broader curriculum of supportive activities, can be effective at developing relevant knowledge, understanding and gaining insights in this subject area among undergraduate nursing students.
The effect of community‐wide phytochemical diversity on herbivory reverses from low to high elevation

Theory predicts that a large fraction of phytochemical diversity—the richness of individual chemical compounds produced by plants—governs the complexity of interactions between plants and their herbivores. While the effect of specific classes of chemical compounds on plant resistance against herbivores has been largely documented, the effect of community‐level variation in phytochemical diversity on plant–herbivore interactions has so far received minimal consideration. We hypothesized that plant communities bearing on average higher levels of phytochemical diversity should sustain lower herbivory rates, overall. Yet, the magnitude of this effect could vary across different environmental conditions, potentially because of climate‐mediated effects on phytochemical production and changes in herbivore community richness and composition. To address these hypotheses, we used previous knowledge of species‐level phytochemical make‐up for more than 400 plant species of the Swiss Alps. Using common garden experiments, we estimated season‐wide herbivore damage on low (average 3,500 unique molecules) and high (average 4,500 unique molecules) phytochemical diversity plant communities that were planted in the colline, mountain and alpine vegetation sites along two elevation transects in the Alps. We found that high phytochemical diversity plant communities showed reduced levels of herbivore damage in the colline (low elevation) sites, but this pattern reversed in the alpine (high elevation) sites. Our results suggest that the outcome of phytochemical diversity on plant–herbivore interactions depends on the characteristics of the local herbivore communities, together with trade‐offs between chemical defences and other plant traits (i.e. physical defences and plant palatability). Synthesis. Phytochemical diversity is a key component of functional diversity, influencing community composition and dynamics. We show that the effect of phytochemical diversity on herbivory is environmental‐dependent, generating ecological switches when moving from low to high elevation. Through upward movement of plants under climate change, phytochemical community structure will be likely modified, ultimately disrupting local community assembly processes.
Does Leed Certification Save Energy? Evidence from Federal Buildings

In the absence of first-best climate policy, energy efficiency has figured prominently among strategies to reduce carbon emissions. One of the most sought-after green certification in the building sector is the internationally recognized Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED). This paper examines the effects of LEED certification on energy efficiency in federally owned buildings. Using propensity score matching and difference in differences models, we find no effect of LEED certification on average energy consumption. This reflects the fact that energy use is one of a number of attributes that receives scores under the LEED program. Buildings with above average energy scores have greater energy efficiency post-certification. Some other attributes, notably higher water scores, decrease energy efficiency post-certification. Trade-offs across LEED attributes account for the absence of energy savings on average. If energy efficiency is the primary policy goal, LEED certification may not be the most effective means to reach that goal. <br><br>Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at <a href="http://www.nber. org/papers/&#119;28612" TARGET="_blank">www.nber. org</a>. <br>
In Situ Observations of Whistler‐Mode Chorus Waves Guided by Density Ducts

In this paper, we report the proof of the existence of density ducts in the Earth's magnetosphere by studying in situ observations of whistler‐mode chorus waves using NASA's Van Allen Probe‐A data. Chorus waves, originally excited inside the density ducts with wave normal angles (WNAs) smaller than the Gendrin angle at the near‐equatorial region, are efficiently confined to a limited area inside density ducts (i.e., ducted regions), and remain with small WNAs as they propagate toward higher latitudes. The ducted region becomes narrower for the higher‐frequency waves. Chorus waves with WNAs larger than the Gendrin angle are not guided by density ducts. Our study reveals that density ducts can effectively control the property and distribution of chorus waves, and may ultimately regulate electron dynamics in the Earth's or other planetary radiation belts.
Hedging Strategies in Commodity Markets – Rolling Intrinsic and Delta Hedging for Virtual Power Plants

ABSTRACT Hedging on commodity markets is usually done by applying either the rolling intrinsic strategy or the canonical delta hedge strategy. In this paper we introduce, compare and discuss both hedging strategies in the context of virtual power plants (VPP). We formulate the precise relationship of the two strategies mathematically. Our main result is that they are not only very similar regarding hedge construction but also that both strategies are equal in expectation. The proof involves some stochastic calculus and the Brownian local time. We illustrate our findings with simulated data as well as in prototypical market scenarios. These studies show that the rolling intrinsic hedge comes with a riskier profile than the delta hedge.
Simulation Analysis of Magnetic Gradient Full-Tensor Measurement System

The magnetic gradient full-tensor measurement system is diverse, and the magnetometer array structure is complex. Aimed at the problem, seven magnetic gradient full-tensor measurement system models are studied in detail. The full-tensor measurement theories of the tensor measurement arrays are analyzed. Under the same baseline distance, the magnetic dipole model is used to simulate the measurement system. Based on different measurement systems, the paper quantitatively compares and analyzes the error of the structure. A more optimized magnetic gradient full-tensor measurement system is suggested. The simulation results show that the measurement accuracy of the planar measurement system is slightly higher than that of the stereo measurement system. Among them, the cross-shaped and square measurement systems have relatively smaller structural errors and higher measurement accuracy.
Acoustic-elastic coupled least-squares reverse time migration in marine environment with rugged seabed interface

ABSTRACT The severe rugged seabed interfaces bring great difficulties to seismic imaging in the marine environment. To accurately image submarine structures under the rugged seabed interface, an acoustic-elastic coupled curvilinear-coordinated least-squares reverse time migration (AE-CLSRTM) is proposed. This method is based on the coupled equation method, which uses the acoustic wave equations in seawater and the elastic wave equations in the underlying elastic medium. The pressure in the acoustic wave equations and the stresses in the elastic wave equations are transmitted steadily and continuously by using acoustic-elastic control equations at the seabed interface. To overcome the influence of the rugged seabed interface, the acoustic-elastic model is meshed into non-uniform curvilinear grids, and the corresponding mapping technique is used to transform the model with the rugged seabed interface to a horizontal one in the curvilinear coordinate system through the coordinate transformation. Based on the acoustic-elastic coupled equations in the curvilinear coordinate system, the acoustic-elastic coupled LSRTM algorithm in the rugged seafloor structure is realised. The numerical examples on a simple model and an actual area model show that the proposed LSRTM method can obtain the accurate imaging results of submarine structures in both P- and S-velocity components.
Le fer dans les smectites : une approche par synthèses minérales

Les smectites riches en fer appelees nontronite jouent un role majeur dans de nombreux processus biogeochimiques a la surface de la Terre. La comprehension de ces processus requiert une caracterisation cristallochimique detaillee de ces mineraux, avec notamment une connaissance precise du statut du fer. Les signatures spectrales du fer structural des nontronites ont ete etudiees par spectroscopie infrarouge (IR), Mossbauer et XPS. La mise en evidence de ces signatures a ete possible grâce a la synthese hydrothermale a 150°C d’une serie de nontronites avec une large gamme de teneur en [4]Fe(III). Les caracteristiques spectrales IR permettent d'effectuer une estimation robuste de la quantite de [4]Fe(III) tetraedrique presente dans la structure de la nontronite. Ces syntheses ont egalement permis de faire le lien entre la cristallochimie des nontronites synthetiques et la speciation aqueuse du Si, Fe et Na. Les calculs de la speciation aqueuse du Si montrent que l'augmentation des especes anioniques H3SiO4-(aq) et H2SiO42-(aq) liee a l'augmentation du pH, favorise l'incorporation du Fe(III) dans les sites tetraedriques de la nontronite. La stabilite de ces nontronites dans les conditions de synthese a ensuite ete etudiee en fonction du temps. Une transformation mineralogique a ete mise en evidence, amenant a la dissolution de la nontronite au profit d'un assemblage aegirine et hematite. Ces resultats montrent clairement que les nontronites synthetisees sont transitoires dans le systeme etudie.
An Edge Computing Offload Method Based on NSGA-II for Power Internet of Things

In the ubiquitous power Internet of things, all kinds of growing power terminal equipment and business applications will generate massive data, which will cause huge pressure to the master station, and high delay and security cannot meet the requirements of new business forms. Edge computing organically integrates computing, storage, and other resources on the edge of the network and responds to the task request of the network edge node timely and effectively according to the principle of nearest service. Due to the limited resources of edge nodes, such as power monitoring camera capability, resources, bandwidth, energy, etc., computing offload is a key problem of edge computing. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a method of edge computing offload based on genetic algorithm. Firstly, in the edge-computing scenario of the power Internet of things, we analyze the computing unloading problem model under the time sequence condition. Then, aiming at the optimal decision-making problem of energy consumption and time delay of terminal equipment, we creatively transform the problem of computational offload into the problem of multi-objective optimization. In the genetic algorithm, we use NSGA-II to achieve the multi-objective optimization of the decision-making. Through conversion, time delay and energy consumption, the optimization can be achieved. Finally, we designed a simulation experiment. The results show that the unloading decision of NSGA-II can reach the best. The results show that the results of NSGA-II can be distributed in a wider range.
A rough sail for learner-centred education as a global reform policy in the Philippines

ABSTRACT Learner-centred education has become a global reform policy among Southeast Asian countries including the Philippines. This policy however raised critical issues in pedagogy as it placed learner-centred teaching in binary opposition with teacher-centred instruction, thus creating a simplistic dichotomy between good and bad teaching in the Philippines. With this research problem, this study used ethnographic methods to examine teacher and students’ understanding of what constitutes good pedagogy in one class within an urban public school in the Philippines. Ethnographic findings suggest that teacher-centred pedagogies are still valued by the students and teachers in this study not only as practices of good teaching but most importantly, as enactments of ‘academic care’. This ‘academic care’ provides an important orientation towards understanding how learner-centred pedagogies could be articulated for the Filipino context and could offer a possibility which bridges the presumed dichotomy between learner-centred and teacher-centred pedagogies in the Philippines.
Change in the Spatial Clustering of Poor Neighborhoods within U.S. Counties and Its Impact on Homicide: An Analysis of Metropolitan Counties, 1980-2010

ABSTRACT Recent scholarship has examined changes in the geographic distribution of poor persons in America, but it remains unclear whether high- and low- poverty neighborhoods have become more, or less, spatially clustered over the past several decades. Additionally, while many have argued that growth in both high-poverty spatial clusters and high-low poverty spatial clusters could yield conditions that are conducive to increases in homicide, previous research has not considered that possibility. We contribute to knowledge by examining whether there have been important shifts in the spatial clustering of poverty in America between 1980 and 2010, and if so, whether those shifts were related to changes in homicide during the period. The descriptive results of our study reveal that there were notable changes in population exposure to both high- poverty and high-low poverty spatial clusters between 1980 and 2010. Fixed-effects negative binomial regression models yield limited support for the idea that changes in spatial inequality, as measured by the clustering of high- and low-poverty neighborhoods, are associated with changes in homicide rates. In contrast, the results indicate a significant positive association between changes in exposure to very high-poverty spatial clusters and homicide trends. The findings affirm the importance of considering the spatial dynamics of demographic conditions when explaining changes in violence across communities.
Digital Mapping of Cultural Heritage as a Learning Source for Local History in Indonesia

Buildings or historical objects that are scattered throughout Indonesia, especially DKI Jakarta can be used as a source of learning local history in universities and even secondary schools in Indonesia. Through Law Number 11 of 2010 concerning Cultural Heritage to be used for the interests of religion, social, education, science, technology, culture and tourism. The purpose of this study is to improve local history learning and improve digital literacy culture so that it has an impact on regional tourism promotion. This study uses a model development that will use ArcGIS 9.3. 1. This research will only convey the initial data on cultural heritage which will be used as digital mapping. The determination of cultural heritage was obtained by conducting a survey of 50 students in DKI Jakarta.