Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emergence of Digital Enterprises: A mixed methods research on exploration of transmutation of knowledge into IT innovations by individual innovators?

The history of information and communication technologies is one of constant change punctuated by technological breakthroughs called technological innovations (Lyytinen and Rose, 2003). As these technological innovations reshape the competitive landscape and create new market opportunities, various perspectives have been proposed to identify the drivers of these innovations (e.g. Chandy and Tellis, 1998; Smith and Tushman, 2005). Among these perspectives, the knowledge based view (Kogut & Zander, 1996; Spender, 1996, Grant, 1996) has specifically gained prominence in recent times (Miller, Fern and Cardinal, 2007; Subramanium and Youndt, 2005; Zhou and Li, 2012; Zhou and Wu, 2010). This knowledge based view stresses on the ability of organizations to create and share knowledge (Obstfeld, 2001) while more micro-level treatments of knowledge highlight the opportunities & challenges in knowledge creation & management (Von Hippel, E, 1994; Dougherty 1992).
The Euler characteristic as a basis for teaching topology concepts to crystallographers

The concept of the Euler characteristic as a property of space-filling polyhedra in crystallography is discussed in a didactic way; a number of other aspects, all of fundamental importance in mathematics, are covered. A game is designed to allow the readers to absorb the concept of the Euler characteristic in an entertaining way.
A Wideband E/W-Band Low-Noise Amplifier MMIC in a 70-nm Gate-Length GaN HEMT Technology

This article reports on a gallium-nitride (GaN) low-noise amplifier (LNA) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) with a 3-dB gain bandwidth (BW) from 63 to 101 GHz. The MMIC is fabricated in the Fraunhofer IAF 70-nm GaN-on-silicon-carbide (SiC) high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) technology. The four-stage common-source LNA exhibits an average noise figure (NF) of 3 dB for a measured frequency range from 75 to 101 GHz. The MMIC reaches a minimum NF of 2.8 dB at an operating frequency of 83 GHz. A mapping of two 100-mm wafers shows an excellent homogeneity with an 86% yield and an average NF of 3–3.3 dB. At 100 GHz, the LNA obtains output-referred 1-dB compression and third-order intercept points of 12.1 and 14.4 dBm, respectively. Furthermore, comprehensive investigations of the bias dependence of all measured performance parameters provide an insight into the presented device and LNA. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this MMIC demonstrates the lowest NF among GaN LNAs at ${E}/{W}$ -band frequencies.
A kalman filter‐based technique for combined digital estimation of voltage flicker and phasor in power distribution systems

Electric power quality is of prime importance when sensitive electronic equipment is involved. One of the aspects of power quality is known as flicker level. The present paper proposes an algorithm for real-time monitoring of voltage flicker based on the Kalman filtering technique. First a stochastic state space model of the system voltage with a linear time-invariant transition matrix has been established, yet non-linear in the scalar observation model. Using noisy measurements of a single-phase voltage, an extended Kalman filter leads to instantaneous value of rms voltage and phase. Then the flicker level has been derived by appropriate filtering and statistical processing on short records of the rms voltage measurements. Simulated and actual data demonstrating the effectiveness of the overall scheme in estimating voltage phasor and flicker for a wide range of swing frequencies are presented and discussed. Among the several power system applications of the new stochastic observer considered, a remote load control concept based on the carrier amplitude modulation is shown being possible and included are test results confirming the filter capability to retrieve sequences of amplitude-modulated bit patterns travelling through the power line to customer sites.
Male Humpback Whale Chorusing in Hawai‘i and Its Relationship With Whale Abundance and Density

Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) with autonomous bottom-moored recorders is widely used to study cetacean occurrence, distribution and behaviors, as it is less affected by factors that limit other observation methods (e.g., vessel, land and aerial-based surveys) such as inclement weather, sighting conditions, or remoteness of study sites. During the winter months in Hawai‘i, humpback whale male song chorusing becomes the predominant contributor to the local soundscape and previous studies showed a strong seasonal pattern, suggesting a correlation with relative whale abundance. However, the relationship between chorusing levels and abundance, including non-singing whales, is still poorly understood. To investigate how accurately acoustic monitoring of singing humpback whales tracks their abundance, and therefore is a viable tool for studying whale ecology and population trends, we collected long-term PAM data from three bottom-moored Ecological Acoustic Recorders off west Maui, Hawaii during the winter and spring months of 2016–2021. We calculated daily medians of root-mean-square sound pressure levels (RMS SPL) of the low frequency acoustic energy (0–1.5 kHz) as a measure of cumulative chorusing intensity. In addition, between December and April we conducted a total of 26 vessel-based line-transect surveys during the 2018/19 through 2020/21 seasons and weekly visual surveys (n = 74) from a land-based station between 2016 and 2020, in which the location of sighted whale pods was determined with a theodolite. Combining the visual and acoustic data, we found a strong positive second-order polynomial correlation between SPLs and abundance (land: 0.72 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.75, vessel: 0.81 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.85 for three different PAM locations; Generalized Linear Model: pland ≪ 0.001, pvessel ≪ 0.001) that was independent from recording location (pland = 0.23, pvessel = 0.9880). Our findings demonstrate that PAM is a relatively low-cost, robust complement and alternative for studying and monitoring humpback whales in their breeding grounds that is able to capture small-scale fluctuations during the season and can inform managers about population trends in a timely manner. It also has the potential to be adapted for use in other regions that have previously presented challenges due to their remoteness or other limitations for conducting traditional surveys.
Seasonal Migration and Daily Movement Patterns of Sympatric Overwintering Black-Necked Cranes (Grus nigricollis) and Common Cranes (Grus grus) in Caohai, Guizhou, China

Abstract. Wintering Black-necked (Grus nigricollis) and Common (G. grus) cranes occur sympatrically in Caohai Wetland, Guizhou, China. Seasonal migration dynamics, daily movement patterns, and diurnal activity budgets of the two crane species were investigated in Caohai Wetland, in order to characterize their wintering activity differences and the mechanism of interspecific coexistence, during October - April 2014 - 2017. Black-necked Cranes wintered in Caohai for 147 ± 8 days, and Common Cranes for 169 ± 8 days. Common Cranes generally arrived in Caohai 11.4 ± 3.28 days earlier and departed 11.00 ± 3.20 days later than Black-necked Cranes. During winter in Caohai Wetland, the behavioral activities of both the Black-necked and Common cranes were strongly influenced by circadian rhythms. However, there were significant differences in daily temporal patterns between them in percent time spent in specific behaviors. Common Cranes left their roosting sites 20 min. earlier than Black-necked Cranes and returned 32 min. later. Common Cranes also spent more time foraging and being vigilant than Black-necked Cranes.
Research Journal of Applied Sciences Engineering and Technology-Review Article Control of an Irrigation Canal

This study summarizes the most important developments and results found in the specialized research literature on Control of Irrigation Canals in the last ten years. The control of irrigation canals is not an easy task to carry out without solid background knowledge on the theme. Fortunately, this subject has attracted the attention of many researchers around the world in the last decades.
Guidelines for Analysing Coastal Flood Protection Systems after a Submersion

Storm Xynthia, which hit the French Atlantic coast on February 28th, 2010, flooded vast territories despite coastal defences. This disaster highlighted the need to further study the behaviour of the coastal flood protection systems at an adapted geographical scale by considering the kinematics of the events. This objective has been achieved through a combination of conceptual input on the definition of protection systems, significant breakthroughs in the knowledge of the mechanisms governing the flooding, and via the improvement of strategies and methods dedicated to flood analysis and representation. The developed methodology was successfully tested on four sites submerged during Xynthia (Loix, Les Boucholeurs, and Boyardville, located in Charente-Maritime, and Batz-sur-Mer, located in Loire-Atlantique). This work is intended to guide the diagnosis of sites prone to marine flooding from the first investigations until the delivery of study reports. Beyond the usual focus on hydraulic structures, it provides guidelines to better analyse the interactions with the natural environment (sea, soil, dune, wetlands, etc.) and with the built environment (roads and urban networks, ponds used for fish farming, buildings, etc.). This systemic approach, which is applied to a territory considered as a complex adaptive system, is fundamental to understanding the reaction of a territory during a marine submersion event and subsequently developing adaptation or transformation strategies.
Octospora oscarii spec. nov. (Pezizales), a bryophilous ascomycete on the pleurocarpous moss Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans (Hypnales)

Abstract: Eckstein, J., Sochorová, Z. & Janošík, L. 2021. Octospora oscarii spec. nov. (Pezizales), a bryophilous ascomycete on the pleurocarpous moss Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans (Hypnales). – Herzogia 34: 286 –298. The bryophilous ascomycete Octospora oscarii is described as a new species based on collections from Central Germany and the Czech Republic. It grows on the pleurocarpous moss Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans and is characterised by smooth ascospores and an infection on the rhizoids of its host. This is the first account of P. elegans as a host of bryophilous ascomycetes. Phylogenetic analyses of concatenated LSU, SSU and EF1-α gene sequences showed that the studied collections of this species form a well-supported monophyletic lineage differing from all previously studied species of bryophilous Pezizales. Macroscopic and microscopic features of the new species are illustrated by colour photographs and drawings, and are compared to those of the other species of bryophilous Pezizales similarly growing on pleurocarpous mosses.
Overcoming data problems in predictive reliability distribution modeling

Creating an accurate predictive distribution reliability assessment model is a data intensive process. Even for a modest sized system, volumes of utility data must be carefully filtered, interpreted and manipulated before predicted values match historical results. This paper addresses several important data issues in reliability modeling. The first issue is how to extract and model various system components. This includes selecting which electrical components are necessary for a reliability model, determining how to best model various types of components, and identifying what critical data are needed. The second issue is how to appropriately reduce or de-couple the model. This includes "full" versus "reduced" (i.e. three-phase modeling), creation of plausible study areas, and representation of substations, transmission fines, and feeder inter-ties. The third issue is how to calibrate the model so that it conforms to historical observations. For each of these issues, strategies are presented to overcome the problems, the impact of various decisions are quantified, and the advantages, disadvantages and tradeoffs associated with different modeling approaches are discussed. Results and techniques are demonstrated on a real utility system using actual data.
Neural networks for real time determination of radiated power in JET

This article describes the use of neural networks (NNs) for the on-line computation of the radiated power in JET. The NNs have been trained using a database of about 120 discharges, for which the emitted power had been calculated via tomographic inversion of JET bolometric signals. In addition to the bolometric data, elongation and triangularity have been used as input to the NN, since these provide useful complementary information. Dedicated NNs have been designed for the determination of the total radiated power, the power from the bulk, and from the divertor region. All the NNs have been tested with a set of about 30 discharges with positive results. Moreover, the NNs can operate at full sampling speed and are therefore suited to follow edge localized modes and other rapid phenomena. The sensitivity of the NNs to failures in the input signals has also been tested, proving their robustness. Their possible use in feedback applications is finally briefly discussed.
Evaluation of platinum as a structural thin film material for RF-MEMS devices

Surface micromachined metal armatures are commonly used for MEMS applications of which RF-MEMS is the most well known. In most cases metals with a high conductivity, such as aluminum or gold, are used. These metals often have a low melting point and therefore have a low thermal stability and show plastic deformation of the structures at relatively low temperatures (<200 °C). High melting point metals, such as platinum, are expected to show plastic deformation only at higher temperatures which makes them interesting for use as a structural layer in RF-MEMS devices. In this paper, we present a technology to realize suspended platinum structures by means of surface micromachining. An improved lift-off process allows patterning 1 µm Pt films on a polyimide sacrificial layer. A comparison of the characteristics and armature resonance frequencies between RF-MEMS switches with Pt armatures and AlCu0.5% alloy armatures reveals an increased thermal stability for the former up to at least 250 °C. This enables zero-level packaging of switches at relative high temperatures without affecting their performances. The lower conductivity of Pt compared to AlCu0.5% does not lead to a significant increase in RF losses. Implementing AlN as a dielectric material, the Pt-based capacitive shunt switches reported in this paper showed lifetimes in excess of 5×107 cycles under standard testing conditions.
Characterization of orientation correlation kinetics: chiral-mesophase domains in suspensions charged DNA-rods

Bacteriophage DNA fd-rods are long and stiff rod-like particles which are known to exhibit a rich equilibrium phase behavior. Due to their helical molecular structure, they form the stable chiral nematic (N*) mesophases. Very little is known about the kinetics of forming various phases with orientations. The present study addresses the kinetics of chiral-mesophases and N*-phase, by using a novel image-time correlation technique. Instead of correlating time-lapsed real-space microscopy images, the corresponding Fourier images are shown for time-correlated averaged orientations. This allows to unambiguously distinguish to detect the temporal evolution of orientations on different length scales, such as domain sizes (depending on their relative orientations), and the chiral pitch within the domains. Kinetic features are qualitatively interpreted in terms of replica symmetry breaking of elastic deformations in the orthogonal directional axes of chiral-mesophase domains, as well by the average twist angle and the order parameter. This work can be interesting for characterizing other types of charged rods, mimicking super-cooled liquids and orientation glasses.
A Novel Waveguide-Based Test Kit for Material Characterization Over Temperature

This paper proposes a novel waveguide-based test kit for conveniently characterizing the constitutive constants of materials over temperature. Different from conventional multiple-part dual-chambered waveguide test kits, the proposed one has only a single waveguide chamber, where the coaxial-to-waveguide and the sample sections are processed together in one piece. Samples are inserted through a slot open on the broad-wall of the kit. No repetitive waveguide calibrations are needed in a temperature measurement, in contrast, a one-time coaxial calibration with online de-embeddings adjust the reference plane and eliminate the thermal drift due to temperature variation. In addition, the proposed kit allows for sample replacement without troublesome waveguide disassembly and reassembly. Two X-band prototypes for room temperature and high temperature are realized by 3-D printing and validated numerically.
Revealing the unknown aspects of initial steps of prenylated flavin mononucleotide biosynthesis – the role of Lys129 in PaUbiX

Background Prenylated flavin mononucleotide (prFMN) is a recently discovered, heavily modified flavin compound. It is the only known cofactor that enables enzymatic 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. It is produced by enzymes from UbiX family, from flavin mononucleotide and either dimethylallyl mono- or diphosphate. prFMN biosynthesis is currently reported to be initiated by a protonation of the substrate by Glu140. Methods Computational chemistry methods are applied herein - mostly different flavors of molecular dynamics MD, such as Constant pH MD, hybrid Quantum-Mechanical / Molecular Mechanical MD, and classical MD. Results Glu140 competes for a single proton with Lys129 but it is the latter that adopted a protonated state throughout most of the simulation time. Lys129 plays a key role in the positioning of the DMAP’s phosphate group within the PaUbiX active site. DMAP’s breakdown into a phosphate and a prenyl group can be decoupled from the protona-tion of the DMAP’s phosphate group. Conclusions The role of Lys129 in functioning of PaUbiX is reported for the first time. The severity of interactions between Glu140, Lys129, and DMAP’s phosphate group enables an unusual decoupling of phosphate’s protonation from DMAP’s breakdown. Those findings are most likely conserved throughout the UbiX family to the structural re-semblence of active sites of those proteins. Significance Mechanistic insights into a crucial biochemical process, biosynthesis of prFMN, are provided. This study, alt-hough purely computational, extends and perfectly complements the knowledge obtained in classical laboratory experiments.
Work Readiness of Final-Year Civil Engineering Students at Victoria University: A Survey

Abstract Little is known about how well prepared final-year engineering students perceive themselves to be to enter the workforce. A written survey was conducted in final-year civil engineering students at Victoria University, Australia, focusing on nine dimensions of engineering practice. Part 1 of the survey asked students to choose from six possible responses on how well they believe their course prepared them in relation to 52 statements (1 = very inadequately, 6 = very adequately). Mean preparedness scores were generated for each dimension. Part 2 of the survey included six open-ended questions; responses were analysed using NVivo8 software. Results indicated that mean preparedness scores ranged from 4.1 to 4.7. Key positive aspects of the civil engineering course included problem-based learning (PBL) and work-integrated learning (WIL) experiences. Although the survey relates to one course and the sample size relatively small, the results have implications for other engineering education institutions, particularly those with focus on WIL and PBL approaches, providing a framework for understanding students’ perception of preparedness for the workforce.
Flavocytochrome b2: Molecular recognition

Flavocytochrome b2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an L-lactate:cytochrome c oxidoreductase found in the niitochondrial intermembrane space. The crystal structure has been solved to 2.4 A showing the enzyme to be a homotetramer of Mr 230 000. Each subunit comprises 511 amino acids and two domains. A cytochrome domain contains protohaem IX and comprises residues 1-100. Residues 101-488 constitute a flavodehydrogenase domain, FDH, which contains FMN. The two domains are tethered by a "hinge" region (residues 92-103). The hinge allows the domains enough movement with respect to each other for efficient intra-protein electron transfer. In the crystal structure residues 295-311 are highly disordered and so not visible. This is a proteolytically sensitive loop for which a function has not been determined. The enzyme has been filly characterised and shown to be a "biological transformer" accepting electrons from strictly 2-electron donor molecules such as L-lactate and passing them one at a time to 1-electron acceptors such as cytochrome c. FDH has been independently expressed in E. coli allowing accurate characterisation of its properties without interference from the intense absorbance of the cytochrome domain. This has shown that although FDH remains an efficient L-lactate dehydrogenase it has negligible cytochrome c reductase activity. This is intriguing as the thermodynamic driving force for electron transfer from FDH to cytochrome c, as determined from redox potentials, is greater than /3 V. We believe a lack of inter-protein recognition between the two prevents them forming an effective electron transfer complex. The aim of this work was to improve inter-protein recognition by engineering a negatively charged binding site on FDH specific for positively charged molecules such as cytochrome c. This was accomplished using Site directed mutagenesis to exchange hydrophobic and positively charged residues for negatively charged or neutral residues. The following mutants were constructed; K20IE, L199E, F325E, Li 99E/K20 1 E, LI 99E/K296E, K20 I E/K3 24A/F3 25E and L199E1K201E1K324A1F325E. These mutants were characterised using the inorganic molecules [Co(phen)3]3 and [Fe(CN)6]3 as artificial electron acceptors. Wild type
Bit-Transformer: Transforming Bit-level Sparsity into Higher Preformance in ReRAM-based Accelerator

Resistive Random-Access-Memory (ReRAM) crossbar is one of the most promising neural network accelerators, thanks to its in-memory and in-situ analog computing abilities for Matrix Multiplication-and-Accumulations (MACs). Nevertheless, the number of rows and columns of ReRAM cells for concurrent execution of MACs is constrained, resulting in limited in-memory computing throughput. Moreover, it is challenging to deploy Deep Neural Network(DNN) models with large model size in the crossbar, since the sparsity of DNNs cannot be effectively exploited in the crossbar structure. As the countermeasure, we develop a novel ReRAM-based DNN accelerator, named Bit-Transformer, which pays attention to the correlation between the bit-level sparsity and the performance of the ReRAM-based crossbar. We propose a superior bit-flip scheme combined with the exponent-based quantization, which can adaptively flip the bits of the mapped DNNs to release redundant space without sacrificing the accuracy much or incurring much hardware overhead. Meanwhile, we design an architecture that can integrate the techniques to massively shrink the crossbar footprint to be used. In this way, It efficiently leverages the bit-level sparsity for performance gains while reducing the energy consumption of computation. The comprehensive experiments indicate that our Bit-Transformer outperforms prior state-of-the-art designs up to 13 x, 35 x, and 67 x, in terms of energy-efficiency, area-efficiency, and throughput, respectively. Code will be open-source in the camera-ready version.