Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of decorin and biglycan genes during palatogenesis in normal and retinoic acid–treated mice

Proteoglycans are involved in secondary palate formation. In the present study, we focused on two small leucine‐rich proteoglycans, decorin and biglycan, because they assembled extracellular matrix molecules such as collagens and modulated signaling pathway of transforming growth factor‐β. To investigate the functions of decorin and biglycan in palatogenesis, we compared their mRNA expression patterns between normal palate and retinoic acid‐induced cleft palate in mice by using in situ hybridization analysis during the period of embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) to E15.5. On E13.5, decorin mRNA was expressed in the epithelia and mesenchyme on the nasal side of the developing secondary palate. During the period the palate shelves were fusing (E14.5), decorin mRNA was strongly expressed in the mesenchyme but its expression pattern was asymmetric; decorin mRNA expression area in the nasal side was broader than that in the oral side. The expression of decorin mRNA was hardly detected in the mesenchyme on either side of the medial edge epithelium. After fusion (E15.5), its expression converged to the mesenchyme just around the palatine bone. Biglycan mRNA was ubiquitously distributed throughout the palatal mesenchyme for the mid‐gestation period. Its expression area became limited to the ossification area within the palate after the late gestation period. In the retinoic acid–treated mice, the area of the decorin gene expression expanded to the core region of the palate primordium where little signal was observed in control mice. On the other hand, biglycan in the retinoic acid–treated mice did not show remarkable change in its distribution patterns compared with that in the control mice. These findings suggest that decorin and biglycan play distinct roles in palatogenesis, and decorin was more actively involved in the process of secondary palate formation than biglycan. Up‐regulation of decorin gene expression in the retinoic acid–treated mice might influence the pathogenesis of cleft palate. Developmental Dynamics 226:618–626, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epigenetic inactivation of the novel candidate tumor suppressor gene ITIH5 in colon cancer predicts unfavorable overall survival in the CpG island methylator phenotype

Inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 5 (ITIH5) is supposed to be involved in extracellular matrix stability and thus may play a key role in the inhibition of tumor progression. The current study is the first to analyze in depth ITIH5 expression as well as its potential clinical and functional impact in colon cancer. Based on 30 tumor and 30 adjacent normal tissues we examined ITIH5 mRNA expression and promoter methylation, whose significance was further validated by independent data sets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) platform. In addition, ITIH5 protein expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. ITIH5 mRNA expression loss was significantly associated (P < 0.001) with hypermethylation of the ITIH5 promoter in primary colon tumors. In addition, treatment of tumor cell lines with demethylating (DAC) and histone acetylating (TSA) agents induced ITIH5 expression. In line, independent TCGA data revealed a significant expression loss of ITIH5, particularly in the MSI-high and CIMP-positive phenotype concordant with an increased ITIH5 hypermethylation in CIMP-positive colon tumors (P < 0.001). In proximal, i.e., right-sided tumors, abundant ITIH5 expression was associated with longer overall survival (OS, P = 0.049) and the CIMP-positive (P = 0.032) subgroup. Functionally, ITIH5 re-expression mediated a reduced proliferation in HCT116 and CaCo2 cells. In conclusion, our results indicate that ITIH5 is a novel putative tumor suppressor gene in colon cancer with a potential impact in the CIMP-related pathway. ITIH5 may serve as a novel epigenetic-based diagnostic biomarker with further clinical impact for risk stratification of CIMP-positive colon cancer patients.
Contribution of the ATP Binding Site of ParE to Susceptibility to Novobiocin and Quinolones in Streptococcus pneumoniae

ABSTRACT In Streptococcus pneumoniae, an H103Y substitution in the ATP binding site of the ParE subunit of topoisomerase IV was shown to confer quinolone resistance and hypersensitivity to novobiocin when associated with an S84F change in the A subunit of DNA gyrase. We reconstituted in vitro the wild-type topoisomerase IV and its ParE mutant. The ParE mutant enzyme showed a decreased activity for decatenation at subsaturating ATP levels and was more sensitive to inhibition by novobiocin but was as sensitive to quinolones. These results show that the ParE alteration H103Y alone is not responsible for quinolone resistance and agree with the assumption that it facilitates the open conformation of the ATP binding site that would lead to novobiocin hypersensitivity and to a higher requirement of ATP.
One-Dimensional Spin Glass

The physical understanding of infinite-ranged spin glasses began with the exact replica symmetry breaking solution of the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model and the Thouless–Anderson–Palmer approach to the mean field theory [1]. Since that time we have a deeper appreciation of the mathematical problem that we are faced with dealing with quenched disorder. However, this does not apply to the finite-ranged spin glasses for which little exact results are known. In this case a number of oneor two-dimensional models comprising disorder and frustration have been investigated but exact results were obtained only for systems with some restrictions imposed on the frustration. The ground state of one-dimensional systems with random field or random exchange integrals has been studied by Derrida et al. [2], Williams [3], and Doman [4]. Besides the strictly one-dimensional models Derrida et al. [2] investigated the ground state of a strip consisting of squares, imposing various conditions on the distribution of exchange integrals. Morita and Horiguchi [5] studied the ground state of a linear lattice composed of triangles which is topologically equivalent to a linear chain with the first and second neighbours interactions. The authors introduced three models. The first and the only one, which has been studied by these authors, assumes the bonds with the first neighbours to be ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic and those with the second neighbours to be ferromagnetic. In other words, the nearest neighbour bonds are random while all the second neighbour bonds are the same. In the second model the first neighbours bonds are
Can we risk recovery? A grounded theory of clinical psychologists' perceptions of risk and recovery-oriented mental health services.

OBJECTIVES This study sought to explore the views of clinical psychologists towards the concepts of 'risk' and 'recovery' and to set those views against the context of mental health services. DESIGN An exploratory, social constructionist grounded theory methodology was adopted. METHODS Eleven clinical psychologists working in adult mental health services each participated in one individual semistructured interview. RESULTS The clinical psychologists studied were aware of the emergence of recovery-oriented approaches, but felt unable to incorporate them in practice because of perceptions of being bound by both their own limitations and those of their circumstances, including issues of risk, thus giving rise to dilemmas in professional practice. Narrow definitions of risk as equated to danger dominated over broader conceptualizations of risk with positive consequences. The existing culture of mental health services was seen as emphasizing the need to avoid harmful consequences of taking risks, which in turn was seen to limit innovations in implementing recovery-oriented approaches. CONCLUSIONS Participants' ability to work in a recovery-oriented manner seemed to be limited by the way in which services perceived and responded to risk. Participants did not discuss risks arising from stigma, social exclusion, racism, sexism, or iatrogenic effects of psychiatric treatment. Narrow conceptualizations of risk as related to harm and danger seen in this study contribute to a sense of needing to be risk averse. However, the implications for practice included ideas about what might increase the possibilities for adopting recovery approaches across disciplines.
Epoch Parameterization by Gabor Atom Density in Experimental Epilepsy

An Electrocorticogram (ECoG), during an epilepsy episode can change dramatically from the normal state into a high amplitude low frequency signal and suddenly return to the normal sate. It is possible to identify some stages in the epilepsy seizure, the most representative of them: basal, preictal, ictal and posictal. ECoG are highly non periodical signals, so they are analyze with T-F algorithms, in order to follow up its frequency evolution through the seizure stages. Each seizure stage has different frequency components and they show up at different time. Experimental epilepsy produce by kindling model in rats is used; signals are recorded at cortex level. The ECoG is decompose by means of the Matching Pursuit algorithm into Gabor atoms, so the Gabor Atom Density could be a measure of the epoch, which tell us if an epoch from an ECoG belong to one of the four seizure stages.
The glomus tumor: Investigation of its distribution and behavior, and the identity of its "epithelioid" cell.

dorsalis pedis artery. As this operation obviously failed to remove all of the neo- plastic tissue and the remaining tumor continued to grow, causing ulceration, an amputation was performed on February 5, i94i, through the upper third of the leg. I'he tumor now had extended 3 cm. above the insertion of the Achilles tendon which was surrounded by it.
State-dependent Chemical Reactivity of an Engineered Cysteine Reveals Conformational Changes in the Outer Vestibule of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator*

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channels are gated by binding and hydrolysis of ATP at the nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). We used covalent modification of CFTR channels bearing a cysteine engineered at position 334 to investigate changes in pore conformation that might accompany channel gating. In single R334C-CFTR channels studied in excised patches, modification by [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl] methanethiosulfonate (MTSET+), which increases conductance, occurred only during channel closed states. This suggests that the rate of reaction of the cysteine was greater in closed channels than in open channels. R334C-CFTR channels in outside-out macropatches activated by ATP alone were modified with first order kinetics upon rapid exposure to MTSET+. Modification was much slower when channels were locked open by the addition of nonhydrolyzable nucleotide or when the R334C mutation was coupled to a second mutation, K1250A, which greatly decreases channel closing rate. In contrast, modification was faster in R334C/K464A-CFTR channels, which exhibit prolonged interburst closed states. These data indicate that the reactivity of the engineered cysteine in R334C-CFTR is state-dependent, providing evidence of changes in pore conformation coupled to ATP binding and hydrolysis at the NBDs. The data also show that maneuvers that lock open R334C-CFTR do so by locking channels into the prominent s2 subconductance state, suggesting that the most stable conducting state of the pore reflects the fully occupied, prehydrolytic state of the NBDs.
Natural history of dysplasia of the uterine cervix.

BACKGROUND A historical cohort of Toronto (Ontario, Canada) women whose Pap smear histories were recorded at a major cytopathology laboratory provided the opportunity to study progression and regression of cervical dysplasia in an era (1962-1980) during which cervical squamous lesions were managed conservatively. METHODS Actuarial and Cox's survival analyses were used to estimate the rates and relative risks of progression and regression of mild (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 [CIN1]) and moderate (CIN2) dysplasias. In addition, more than 17,000 women with a history of Pap smears between 1970 and 1980 inclusive and who were diagnosed as having mild, moderate, or severe dysplasia were linked to the Ontario Cancer Registry for the outcome of any subsequent cervical cancers occurring through 1989. RESULTS Both mild and moderate dysplasias were more likely to regress than to progress. The risk of progression from mild to severe dysplasia or worse was only 1% per year, but the risk of progression from moderate dysplasia was 16% within 2 years and 25% within 5 years. Most of the excess risk of cervical cancer for severe and moderate dysplasias occurred within 2 years of the initial dysplastic smear. After 2 years, in comparison with mild dysplasia, the relative risks for progression from severe or moderate dysplasia to cervical cancer in situ or worse was 4.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.0-5.7) and 2.5 (95% CI = 2.2-3.0), respectively. CONCLUSION The risk of progression for moderate dysplasia was intermediate between the risks for mild and severe dysplasia; thus, the moderate category may represent a clinically useful distinction. The majority of untreated mild dysplasias were recorded as regressing to yield a normal smear within 2 years.
Reproduction habits of three species of woodpeckers and their prey on insects

More overall understanding about the concept of nest district of woodpeckers,the function of secondary oviposition,the regularity of foraging and feeding of parent birds during the time of breeding and the feeding habits of woodpeckers were obtained from further observation on the bionomics of woodpeckers.Furthermore,investigation and statistics were made on damage on healthy trees made by woodpeckers, especially Dendrocopos major and their foraging and feeding on some natural enemies and grains.
Oxide-Based RRAM: A Novel Defect-Engineering-Based Implementation for Multilevel Data Storage

A novel strategy based on defect engineering is proposed for high-performance multilevel data storage in oxide-based resistive random access memory (RRAM). Key innovations are (i) material-oriented cell engineering for desired modification of physical locations of generated oxygen vacancies in resistive switching layer and (ii) innovative operation scheme to control the distribution of oxygen vacancy conducting filaments during the switching. Excellent memory performance with four-level data storage is successfully demonstrated in hafnium-oxide-based RRAM devices, indicating the viability of the proposed engineering design strategy.
Corneal Cross-Linking as Supplementary Treatment Option in Melting Keratitis: A Case Series

Abstract Background: Corneal melting represents a serious condition that can result in corneal perforation and loss of vision. Treatment options include topical and systemic immunosuppression, cyanoacrylate gluing, and emergency keratoplasty, depending on the underlying disease and the stage of corneal melt. Recently, corneal cross-linking (CXL) has emerged as an additional treatment option. The present study evaluates whether CXL induces a clinical improvement in melting keratitis not responding to conventional treatment. History and Signs: Six patients undergoing CXL for corneal melting of variable origin (including bacterial, fungal and Acanthamoeba keratitis) were reviewed retrospectively. Therapy and Outcome: Treatment parameters included riboflavin application following UV irradiation with a wavelength of 370 nm and an irradiance of 3 mW/cm2 for 30 minutes. Four patients with corneal melting due to contact lens-related infectious keratitis showed healing without any need for further interventions up to date. In two patients, CXL stabilized the melting cornea and facilitated additional surgical procedures. Conclusions: By stabilizing corneal collagen fibres, CXL seems to represent an effective option to re-establish corneal integrity in the event of pending perforations. In established perforations, CXL facilitates further emergency procedures by stiffening the tissue.
Security Analysis of an ID-Based Key Agreement for Peer Group Communication

Pairing based cryptography has been researched intensively due to its beneficial properties. In 2005, Wu et al.[3] proposed an identity-based key agreement for peer group communication from pairings. In this letter, we propose attacks on their scheme, by which the group fails to agree upon a common communication key.
Interleukin‐13 receptor as a unique target for anti‐glioblastoma therapy

Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have minimally altered survival of glioblastoma patients. We explored a specific approach for glioblastoma therapy in which cellular interleukin‐13 (IL‐13) receptors were targeted by an IL‐13 cytotoxin. A wide array of human glioblastoma cell lines expressing the receptor for IL‐13 were effectively killed by an IL‐13 cytotoxin, a chimeric protein composed of human IL‐13 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (termed IL13‐PE38QQR or IL‐13 toxin). Daily (qd) intratumoral injections of IL‐13 toxin (50 and 100 μg/kg/day) for 5 consecutive days into subcutaneous human U251 glioblastoma tumors (approx. 30 mm2) in nude mice resulted in complete regression of tumors in 4/5 and 5/5 mice, respectively. Tumor regression persisted for at least 221 days postimplantation. Three alternate day injections (qod) of IL‐13 toxin (250 μg/kg/day) into other subcutaneous U87 glioblastoma tumors also produced durable complete responses (CR) in all 5 mice. Twice daily (bid) intraperitoneal injections of IL‐13 toxin at 25 or 50 μg/kg/dose for 5 days (total doses = 10) regressed U251 tumors by 45% and 58% with 1/5 and 2/5 CRs, respectively, on day 54. Intraperitoneal administration of IL‐13 toxin with an identical schedule at a dose of 50 μg/kg injected into mice bearing U87 xenografts reduced tumor burden by one‐half on day 36. Similar doses (25 or 50 μg/kg) with a daily schedule (qd × 5) by the intravenous route also suppressed growth of U251 subcutaneous tumors by 75% and 81% with 1/6 CR in either group by day 34. All mice tolerated therapy well without any visible signs of toxicity. On the basis of these studies, we have initiated a Phase I clinical trial using IL13‐PE38QQR in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Compact pulsed ozone generator

The new type of compact pulsed ozone generator based on multispark discharges on the surface of dielectric is presented in the paper. The system for generation of ozone consists of pulsed high voltage generator and discharge panel. Few types of pulsed high voltage generators (U=0.5-30 kV) with different pulse durations (nanosecond, microsecond and millisecond ranges) and repetition rates are used in the ozone generation system for different applications. The main deference of this ozone generator as compared with the standard types (corona, barrier and other discharges) is its high efficiency and simple control of ozone concentration. Analysis and comparison for different types of ozone generators are given. The experimental results of multispark discharges on the surface of different dielectrics with wide range of pulse durations are discussed. The data of ozone concentration and system efficiency are presented. The design of compact ozone generator is given, and the potential applications of this ozone generation system are discussed
life among Chinese cancer survivors Affect mediates the association between mental adjustment styles and quality of

This study examined the association between mental adjustment styles and quality of life, and affect as a mediator among 238 Chinese cancer survivors. Regression analysis showed that quality of life was positively associated with fighting spirit and negatively associated with fatalism. Path analysis showed that greater fighting spirit was associated with more positive affect, which in turn was associated with higher quality of life. Greater fatalism was associated with less positive affect and more negative affect, which in turn was associated with lower quality of life. Findings suggest that positive affect and negative affect are important in understanding mental adjustment styles and its health implications.
What Influences Why Women Veterans Choose VA Health Care

What Influences Why Women Veterans Choose VA Health Care Donna L. Washington, MD, MPH, Elizabeth M. Yano, PhD, Barbara Simon, MA, Su Sun VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D) Center of Excellence, VA Sepulveda Ambulatory Care Center and Nursing Home, Sepulveda, CA, USA; Department of Health Services, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Flow Cytometry Immunophenotyping Evaluation in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Correlation to Factors Affecting Clinic Outcome

The authors conducted a flow cytometry immunophenotyping study in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) from Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The patients (n = 126) were newly diagnosed using a panel of monoclonal antibodies: CD1a, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD7, CD8, CD10, CD13, CD33, CD14, CD19, CD22, CD79a, CD117, CD34, anti‐IgM, anti‐TdT, anti‐HLA‐Dr, and anti‐human kappa and lambda light chains. Additional data, such as patients' age and gender, clinical and laboratory findings such as presence of tumor masses, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, leukemic infiltration in the central nervous system (CNS) were also investigated. Results showed that 56.7% of the cases were B‐lineage ALL and 55% were T‐cell ALL. Also, we found that males were more affected by the disease, regardless of immunological classification. The correlation between age and immunological subtypes showed that the B‐lineage ALL occurred more frequently in patients aged under 15while the T‐cell ALL subtype was more frequent in adults. Immunophenotypic profiles and morphological subtypes showed a direct correlation between L3 subtype and B‐lineage ALL, while L1 and L2 subtypes correlated more often with B‐cell lineage and T‐cell ALL, respectively. Correlation analysis between immunophenotypic and clinical profiles showed that T‐cell ALL was more associated with a higher incidence of lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and CNS leukemic infiltration, also showing a greater blast cell count in peripheral blood than the other subgroups. The presented data suggest that immunophenotyping is an important method in the diagnosis, monitoring and prognostic assessment in determining the pathological mechanisms of evolution of ALL.
Reconfigurable Memristive Device Technologies

In this paper, we present a review of the state of the art in memristor technologies. Along with ionic conducting devices [i.e., conductive bridging random access memory (CBRAM)], we include phase change, and organic/organo-metallic technologies, and we review the most recent advances in oxide-based memristor technologies. We present progress on 3-D integration techniques, and we discuss the behavior of more mature memristive technologies in extreme environments.