Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A modified approach for Elastic Impedance Inversion due to the variation in value of K

Elastic impedance inversion is the latest development in the field of hydrocarbon exploration and production. The present research focuses on the improvement of the use of elastic impedance inversion, easing exploration of hydrocarbons. The seismic velocities change with variation in geological constraints. Constant K, which is S-wave to P-wave ratio of the nth layer and n+1 layer across the interface, it must be changed accordingly. This research focuses on testing the effects of K as a constant in the elastic impedance equation. As using the same value of K for all types of formations can give rise to severe errors in the interpretation of data. The importance of the value of K for particular Amplitude Variation with Offset AVO type (I-IV) is studied using different Elastic Impedance Equations. The Reflection Coefficient (RC) curves for each AVO class are generated using Zoeppritz approximation and Elastic Impedance equations. The comparison of RC curves shows significant variations at far offsets in each AVO type using the Constant value of K. When K Calculated is used, AVO type I and Type II shows a good match at near, mid and far offsets. Type III does not change due to the changing value of K. Type IV gives good agreement at near and intermediate offsets. This variation in curves, with the change in the value of K, indicates that it is a significant factor of interpretation using elastic impedance. The application of findings on well logs has given a satisfactory confirmation of the present results. This research can be helpful to resolve severe errors in the interpretation due to the constant value of K.
The Research of Anti Collision Algorithm in the Clothing Identification Based on RFID

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a kind of automatic identification technology; it can easily finish automatic data acquisition and recognition by the way of noncontact reading. In the clothing industry, the clothing logo includes much more information and has many problems such as the low speed of artificial input, bad efficiency, and poor interaction interface. In order to adapt to the modern clothing enterprise mass production and the demands of the sale, this paper proposes the new clothing identification system which is based on RFID. The basic information of the clothing tags is stored in the RFID and realized the clothing information management and display. Because RFID technology can identify more than one targets at one time, the anti collision algorithm becomes the key technology and the prerequisite. Therefore, this paper puts forward the improved algorithm based on the research of traditional anti collision algorithm. By the simulation, the performance of the new algorithm is better than the traditional ones.
Institutional Repository 12 steps to successful knowledge management implementation

Knowledge management initiatives often fail to live up to expectations and many result in failure. Unfortunately, many knowledge management initiatives fail because they have been introduced, simply because knowledge management has been recognised by senior management as a “good thing” and something their competitors are undertaking. This can lead to a knowledge manager being appointed without any clear direction and knowledge management initiatives being undertaken without any clear purpose or measurable target criteria. To overcome these problems, a twelve step methodology for knowledge management implementation is presented, illustrated with a series of small case studies. Starting from a problem audit, subsequent steps ensure a baseline measure for improvement is identified, and a comprehensive, costed solution to a recognised problem is designed which is capable of gaining buy-in from both management and the system users. The system is designed with user involvement and must consider the operation of the proposed system as well as the implementation. Subsequent to the implementation, a review process involving the identification of measurable cost-benefits can become the basis for future expansion and roll-out of knowledge management and can become the first steps in the building of a comprehensive knowledge environment. The case studies illustrate the value of each step in the methodology with examples of good and bad practice drawn from the author’s previously published experiences. This paper brings the lessons from these case studies together to form the twelve step methodology which ensures knowledge management is implemented using sound business principles of cost-benefit analysis and return on investment, and established engineering principles of breaking larger projects into smaller projects carried out incrementally with testing carried out at each stage. It is recommended that companies follow these principles and the proposed twelve step methodology in order to achieve successful knowledge management implementation in their own environment.
Effects of musical valence on the cognitive processing of lyrics

The effects of music on the brain have been extensively researched, and numerous connections have been found between music and language, music and emotion, and music and cognitive processing. Despite this work, these three research areas have never before been drawn together into a single research paradigm. This is significant as their combination could lead to valuable insights into the effects of musical valence on the cognitive processing of lyrics. This research draws on theories of cognitive processing suggesting that negative moods facilitate systematic and detail-oriented processing, while positive moods facilitate heuristic-based processing. The current study (n = 56) used an error detection paradigm and found that significantly more error words were detected when paired with negatively valenced sad music compared to positively valenced happy music. Such a result explains previous findings that sad and happy lyrics have differential effects on emotion induction, and suggests this is due to sad lyrics being processed at deeper semantic levels. This study provides a framework in which to understand the interaction of lyrics and music with emotion induction – a primary reason for listening to music.
Enduring Clinical Value of Copaxone® (Glatiramer Acetate) in Multiple Sclerosis after 20 Years of Use

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system. Glatiramer acetate (GA; Copaxone®) was the first disease-modifying treatment (DMT) for MS successfully tested in humans (1977) and was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in December 1996. Since then, there have been numerous developments in the MS field: advances in neuroimaging allowing more rapid and accurate diagnosis; the availability of a range of DMTs including immunosuppressant monoclonal antibodies and oral agents; a more holistic approach to treatment by multidisciplinary teams; and an improved awareness of the need to consider a patient's preferences and patient-reported outcomes such as quality of life. The use of GA has endured throughout these advances. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the important developments in the MS field during the 20 years since GA was approved and to review clinical data for GA in MS, with the aim of understanding the continued and widespread use of GA. Both drug-related (efficacy versus side-effect profile and monitoring requirements) and patient factors (preferences regarding mode of administration and possible pregnancy) will be explored.
Overcoming Challenges of Implementing Chronic Care Model in Diabetes Management: An Action Research Approach

Background: Reforming the health care system to improve suitable health care model for diabetic patients is essential. This study aimed to implement, identify, and overcome the challenges of implementing the Chronic Care Model in diabetes management in a clinic. Methods: This study is a qualitative technical action research with the Kemmis and McTaggart model including planning, action, reflection, observation, and revision plan which was conducted in the specialized polyclinic from 2015 to 2017 in Isfahan city – Iran. Data were gathered through qualitative and quantitative methods. Diabetes team and 17 patients with type 2 diabetes participated in semi-structured interviews that were purposively chosen. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and then quantitative data collected. Results: The qualitative findings of this research are in five main categories: System design upgrade, self-management upgrade, decision support, health care organization, and clinical information system upgrade. Results of quantitative data showed that most metabolic indicators like HbA1c have statistical meaningful changes (P value < 0.05). Conclusions: Implementing the Chronic Care Model became feasible despite serious challenges and two groups of ready and active team and active patients were developed. The study showed that one important lost link of diabetes management is underestimating the nurses’ capabilities in the management of this disease. Inevitably, serious investment on maximum use of nurses’ knowledge and skills in improving diabetes management will help diabetes care upgrade significantly.
Association of Dietary Potassium Intake with the Development of Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Function in Patients with Mildly Decreased Kidney Function: The Korean Multi-Rural Communities Cohort Study

Background Dietary potassium has negative outcomes in patients with mildly impaired kidney function, while having positive outcomes in patients with hypertension. The association of dietary potassium intake with chronic kidney disease (CKD) development, with presence of hypertension, was studied in the Korean rural population with mildly impaired kidney function. Material/Methods From 3 rural areas of Korea, 5064 participants age ≥40 with CKD stage 2 at baseline were recruited. Patients were classified according to the quartile of dietary potassium intake. Newly developed CKD, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at the time of follow-up, and eGFR decline, defined as eGFR decrease >15% at follow-up, were studied. The effect of dietary potassium on CKD development and eGFR decline were studied by Cox proportional hazard models. The association of potassium with blood pressures and C-reactive protein was also studied to examine the underlying mechanisms. Results Compared to 8.6% in normotensives, 15.7% of hypertensives developed CKD. The hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval) of CKD was lower in high potassium diet only in hypertensives, with 0.60 (0.37–0.99) in the highest quartile. The eGFR decline was also lower in patients with higher potassium diet, with 0.70 (0.50–0.98) in Q3 and 0.54 (0.34–0.85) in Q4. Potassium intake has also been shown to decrease high diastolic blood pressure development (>90 mmHg) in hypertensives at 0.45 (0.25–0.83). Conclusions Dietary potassium was associated with lower risk of CKD development and eGFR decline, and this association was observed only in hypertensives.
Probucol Protects Against Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2)/JNK-Caspase 3 Pathway in Diabetic Rats

Background Contrast-induced acute kidney injury is an important clinical problem, yet its pathogenic mechanisms are incompletely understood. In this study we explored the potential beneficial effects of probucol as treatment of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in diabetic rats. Material/Methods Rats were divided into 3 groups: i) diabetic control, ii) diabetic with contrast, and iii) probucol treatment groups. Probucol was administered by gavage and the contrast diatrizoate (60%) was injected via femoral vein. After 24 h, the rats were sacrificed and samples were taken to measure biochemical indicators. Pathological damage of renal tubules was evaluated by HE staining. Expression of Bcl-2, Bax, p-ERKs, and p-JNK proteins in the kidneys was examined by Western blotting, whereas expression level of caspase-3 in kidneys was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared to the probucol treatment group, the diabetes with contrast group showed higher serum creatinine and lower creatinine clearance. The pathological changes of kidneys in the probucol treatment group were improved compared with the contrast group. Moreover, Western blot analyses revealed that use of contrast agent led to lower p-ERK1/2, higher p-JNK, lower Bcl-2, and higher Bax levels, which were reversed by probucol. Finally, immunohistochemical findings revealed higher caspase-3 after contrast use, which was partially reversed by probucol. Conclusions Probucol exerts protective effects on contrast-induced acute kidney injury in diabetic rats by inhibition of renal cell apoptosis. This is achieved by reducing mitochondrial caspase-3 expression through increasing and decreasing the expression of the upstream mediators p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK, respectively.
How Early Experience Shapes Human Development: The Case of Psychosocial Deprivation

Experience plays an essential role in building brain architecture after birth. The question we address in this paper is what happens to brain and behavior when a young child is deprived of key experiences during critical periods of brain development. We focus in particular on the consequences of institutional rearing, with implication for the tens of millions of children around the world who from an early age experience profound psychosocial deprivation. Evidence is clear that deprivation can lead to a host of both short- and long-term consequences, including perturbations in brain structure and function, changes at cellular and molecular levels, and a plethora of psychological and behavioral impairments.
Storage fungi and their influence on rice seed quality

Rice cv. Rasi seeds were inoculated with spores and treated with culture filtrates of Aspergillus flavus, A. glaucus, A. niger, A. versicolor and Penicillium sp. Seed deterioration was studied based on germination, root and shoot length, total carbohydrate content and alpha-amylase activity. The surface sterilised seeds were inoculated with the spore suspension and incubated at 28+-2degC for up to 30 d. Carbohydrate content and alpha-amylase activity were measured. A. flavus inhibited seed germination and seedling growth the most followed by A. glaucus and A. versicolor. The fungi caused a significant decrease in the total carbohydrate content of seeds. Max. reduction in carbohydrate content was observed in A. flavus inoculated seeds followed by A. versicolor and A. glaucus.
A preliminary study on treatment of human breast cancer xenografts with a cocktail of paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and 131I-anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (9C4)

Triple-negative breast cancer often has devastating outcomes and treatment options remain limited. Therefore, different treatment combinations are worthy of testing. The efficacy of a cocktail of paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and 131I-anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) (9C4) to treat breast cancer was tested. Efficacy was tested with an MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer xenograft model. Anti-EpCAM (9C4) was demonstrated to bind to MDA-MB-231 human adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Subsequently, mice-bearing MDA-MB-231× enografts were treated with either 131I-anti-EpCAM (9C4), unlabeled anti-EpCAM (9C4), paclitaxel, doxorubicin, or a cocktail of all of the agents. Tumor volume was measured for up to 70-day postinjection. Exponential regression was performed on tumor growth curves for each of the therapy groups. Statistical comparison of the growth constants λ of the regression models for each of the treatment groups with that of the cold antibody and control groups was done using extra sum-of-square F-tests. Biexponential clearance of 131I-anti-EpCAM (9C4) was observed with biological clearance half-times of 1.14 and 17.6 days for the first and second components, respectively. The mean growth rate of the tumors in animals treated with a cocktail of all of the agents was slower than in those treated with unlabeled anti-EpCAM (9C4) (P = 0.022). These preliminary data suggest that a cocktail of 131I-anti-EpCAM (9C4), paclitaxel, and doxorubicin may be suitable for treating breast cancers with high expression of EpCAM.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibition Ameliorates Chronic Kidney Disease in a Model of Salt-Dependent Hypertension

Cardiovascular diseases frequently coexist with chronic kidney disease that constitutes a major determinant of outcome in patients with heart failure. Dysfunction of both organs is related to chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. Widespread expression of serine protease DPP4 that degrades varieties of substrates suggests its involvement in numerous physiological processes. In this study, we tested the effects of selective DPP4 inhibition on the progression of renal disease in a nondiabetic model of hypertensive heart disease using Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Chronic DPP4 inhibition positively affected renal function with a significant reduction in albuminuria and serum creatinine. DPP4 inhibition attenuated the inflammatory component by reducing the expression of NF-κB, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1. Kidney macrophages expressed GLP-1R, and DPP4 inhibition promoted macrophage polarization toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Finally, high degrees of NADPH oxidase 4 expression and oxidation of nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins were reduced upon DPP4 inhibition. Our study provides evidence of renoprotection by DPP4 inhibition in a nondiabetic hypertension-induced model of chronic cardiorenal syndrome, indicating that DPP4 pathway remains a valid object to study in the context of chronic multiorgan diseases.
Functional and aesthetic evaluation after cranial reconstruction with polymethyl methacrylate prostheses using low-cost 3D printing templates in patients with cranial defects secondary to decompressive craniectomies: A prospective study

Background: Cranial reconstruction surgery is a procedure used as an attempt to reestablish the cranial bone anatomy. This study evaluates the symptomatic and aesthetic improvement of patients with cranial defects secondary to decompressive craniectomies after cranial reconstruction with customized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) prostheses. Secondly, we aim to divide our experience in the production of these prostheses with a low-cost method. Methods: A prospective study was carried out with patients submitted to cranioplasty at the Hospital da Restauração between 2014 and 2017. A total of 63 cranioplasties were performed using customized PMMA prosthesis produced by 3D impression molds. All patients underwent a functional and aesthetic evaluation questionnaire in the preoperative period and in the sixth postoperative month. Results: Sixty-three patients underwent cranioplasty with a mean age of 33 years, ranging from 13 to 58 years, 55 males and 8 females. The mean area of the defect was 147 cm2. The mean postoperative follow-up of the patients was 21 months, ranging from 6 to 33 months. Fifty-five patients attended the 6-month postoperative consultation. All patients presented symptomatic improvement after reconstruction of the skull. The infection rate was 3.2%, 4.8% of extrusion, 1.6% of prosthesis fracture, 7.9% of extradural hematoma, 17.4% of reoperation, 5% of wound dehiscence, and 4.8% of removal of the prosthesis. Conclusion: Cranioplasty, with a customized PMMA prosthesis, improved the symptoms and aesthetic appearance of all operated patients. The use of prototypes to customize cranial prostheses facilitated the operative technique and allowed the recovery of a cranial contour very close to normal.
Quality of Life for Adults and Adolescents with by Christine Ireland Cystic Fibrosis Summary

Introduction ri;;";;G';T; phililfi;;piil i; ;il; treatment and management of people with cystic fibrosis is that of educator, clinician, researcher and manager. Physiotherapy has been defined by the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy as a health profession which emphasises the use of physical approaches in prevention and treatment of disease and disability (csR leel). Cystic fibrosis is a complex multi-slstem disorder presenting many challenges. It is the most common life-threatening recessively inherited genetic disease of caucasian popularions, with a carrier rate of 1 in 25 and an incidence of I in 2,4{X} live births (CFT, 1997). There are approximately 7,5OO people *ith c-vstic
Living in deprived neighbourhoods in Scotland. Occupational mobility and neighbourhood effects

The idea that living in a deprived neighbourhood negatively affects the occupational mobility of residents has been embraced enthusiastically by many policy makers and academics. As a result, area based initiatives are now widely used to improve an individual's life course through the diversification of the neighbourhood in which they live. However, these area based initiatives have received increasing criticism from academics stating that there is no solid evidence base that neighbourhood effects really exist. One of the main problems is that many studies use cross-sectional data which does not allow the separation of cause and effect. We use longitudinal data from the Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS) to investigate the influence of neighbourhood context on employment outcomes. The SLS allows us to follow individuals between 1991 and 2001, using linked records from both Censuses. Using this data we examine whether, for employed individuals, living in a deprived neighbourhood reduces occupational mobility using ISEI scores; for individuals out of work, we examine whether living in a deprived neighbourhood reduces their chances of obtaining work. Using regression models, we control for a range of individual and household characteristics. All other things being equal, those individuals living in more deprived communities should experience significant negative effects accrued from their neighbourhood if the neighbourhood effects thesis is to be confirmed.
Automated Four-Point Probe Measurement of Nanowires Inside a Scanning Electron Microscope

Nanomanipulation inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been employed to maneuver and characterize nanomaterials. Despite recent efforts toward automated nanomanipulation, it is still largely conducted manually. In this paper, we demonstrate automated nanomanipulation inside an SEM for a well-structured nanomanipulation task via visual servo control and a vision-based contact-detection method using SEM as a vision sensor. Four-point probe measurement of individual nanowires is achieved automatically by controlling four nanomanipulators with SEM visual feedback. A feedforward controller is incorporated into the control system to improve response time. This technique represents an advance in nanomanipulation inside SEM and can be extended to other nanomanipulation tasks.