Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Lengthening Transition to Adulthood: Financial Parenting and Recentering during the College-to-Career Transition

Using longitudinal data collected from a college cohort in the United States (N = 922), we examined the associations between systemic and structural factors (gender, race/ethnicity, family SES, and first-generation college status), financial parenting (teaching, and modeling behavior), and emerging adults’ financial behavior. We conducted a series of one-way repeated measure ANOVA analyses (GLM) to assess patterns of average change in financial parenting and financial behavior in the first year in college, fourth year in college, and two years after college and found evidence suggestive of recentering—a gradual transfer of responsibility during emerging adulthood from parent-directed behavior to self-directed behavior; however, the decline in financial parenting was not offset by an improvement in emerging adults’ financial behavior. Despite similar patterns of change, family socioeconomic status (SES), first-generation college student status, and gender influenced both financial parenting and financial behaviors at each time point. We discuss the findings and the implications on the timing and length of the recentering process.
Free and forced vibration of sandwich plates with electrorheological core and functionally graded face layers

Abstract The free and forced vibration of a sandwich plate with functionally graded face layers and electrorheological fluid core is presented in this article. Assuming classical thin plate theory for face sheets and first order shear theory for the core layer, the equations of motions are derived using Hamilton’s principle. The simply-supported boundary condition is considered for all edges and the generalized Fourier series are employed to represent the displacements of the sandwich plate. The natural frequencies and loss factors are obtained by solving the complex eigenvalue problem. The results of free and forced responses are compared and validated with the previous articles and effects of electric field, geometric aspect ratio, functionally graded component ratios and core layer thickness on the dynamic behavior of the sandwich plate are studied.
Don't know, don't care or confused: what do Australian adolescents know about Australian Dietary Guidelines?

ABSTRACT Western Australian adolescents are not adhering to the Australian Dietary Guidelines yet little research has considered what adolescents know about the Healthy Living Pyramid (HLP), the recommended daily serves. Four studies assessed nutrition-related knowledge or influences on food preference. Studies one and two investigated adolescent's perceptions of healthy and unhealthy food and what influences their food choice by conducting 24 gender-specific focus groups (n = 150, 12–16 years). Study three (n = 28, 13–14 year) assessed the test–retest reliability of a nutrition questionnaire that measured knowledge of the HLP and the recommended daily serves. Study four (n = 38, 12–16 years) measured changes in HLP knowledge after a six session community-based cooking and food-literacy program. Participant's knowledge about discretionary foods and vegetables was high, however, knowledge about intake of the other food groups especially grains was poor. Body image emerged as the strongest influence over food preference with media reinforcing girl's desire to be thin and boy's desire to be muscular.
Attitude towards the discipline of physics-chemistry and school achievement: revisiting factor structure to assess gender differences in Portuguese high-school students

ABSTRACT The importance of attitudes and other variables of the affective domain in education is acknowledged for a long time. In this study, we used an attitude questionnaire to survey 498 Portuguese 9th-grade students to determine the predictive ability of the attitudes towards the discipline of Physics-chemistry on school achievement. Possible gender differences were also investigated after establishing the measurement invariance of the factor structure. The survey instrument presented some issues regarding factor structure. After a new factor analysis using more robust statistical methods, a four-factor structure of attitudes towards Physics-chemistry – Competence to discipline, Pleasure in learning, Anxiety, and Utility – was established and used in this study. The means of the Competence and the Pleasure in learning factors were significantly higher in the boy’s group while the factors Anxiety and Utility were not significantly different between genders. Competence was the most important achievement predictor, with significant positive effects, while the factors Anxiety and, surprisingly, Pleasure in learning presented significant negative impacts on the grades. The possible reasons and consequences for these results are discussed, and some suggestions are made about the importance of considering the relevance of affective variables on teaching and learning high-school Physical sciences.
Progress on software crash research

Software crashes represent unexpected program interrupts that manifest as software faults and can be dangerous in that their frequent occurrence diminishes user experience, can damage the reputation of a company, and potentially cause significant losses to stakeholders. The increasing scale and complexity of modern software requires methods for preventing/handling software crashes. Here, we briefly review and summarize progress in three areas of the research field associated with handling software crashes: crash analysis, crash reproduction, and crash localization and repair.
Field equations and corresponding memory responses for a fiber-reinforced functionally graded medium due to heat source

Abstract Fractional derivative is a widely accepted theory to describe the physical phenomena and the processes with memory effects which is defined in the form of convolution having kernels as power functions. Due to the shortcomings of power-law distributions, some other forms of derivatives with few other kernel functions are proposed. This present study deals with a novel mathematical model of generalized thermoelasticity to investigate the transient phenomena in a fiber-reinforced functionally graded unbounded medium due to the presence of periodically varying heat source in the context of three-phase-lag model of generalized thermoelasticity, which is defined in an integral form of a common derivative on a slipping interval by incorporating the memory-dependent heat transfer. Employing Laplace and Fourier transforms as tools, the problem has been solved analytically in the transformed domain. The inversion of the Fourier transform is carried out using residual calculus, and the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform has been executed using a method on Fourier series expansion. According to the graphical representations corresponding to the numerical results, conclusions about the new theory is constructed. Excellent predictive capability is demonstrated due to the presence of memory dependent derivative, reinforcement, and non-homogeneity also. Communicated by S. Velinsky
The Model of Gamification Principles for Digital Health Interventions: Evaluation of Validity and Potential Utility

Background Although gamification continues to be a popular approach to increase engagement, motivation, and adherence to behavioral interventions, empirical studies have rarely focused on this topic. There is a need to empirically evaluate gamification models to increase the understanding of how to integrate gamification into interventions. Objective The model of gamification principles for digital health interventions proposes a set of five independent yet interrelated gamification principles. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of this model to inform its use in Web- and mobile-based apps. Methods A total of 17 digital health interventions were selected from a curated website of mobile- and Web-based apps (PsyberGuide), which makes independent and unbiased ratings on various metrics. A total of 133 independent raters trained in gamification evaluation techniques were instructed to evaluate the apps and rate the degree to which gamification principles are present. Multiple ratings (n≥20) were collected for each of the five gamification principles within each app. Existing measures, including the PsyberGuide credibility score, mobile app rating scale (MARS), and the app store rating of each app were collected, and their relationship with the gamification principle scores was investigated. Results Apps varied widely in the degree of gamification implemented (ie, the mean gamification rating ranged from 0.17≤m≤4.65 out of 5). Inter-rater reliability of gamification scores for each app was acceptable (κ≥0.5). There was no significant correlation between any of the five gamification principles and the PsyberGuide credibility score (P≥.49 in all cases). Three gamification principles (supporting player archetypes, feedback, and visibility) were significantly correlated with the MARS score, whereas three principles (meaningful purpose, meaningful choice, and supporting player archetypes) were significantly correlated with the app store rating. One gamification principle was statistically significant with both the MARS and the app store rating (supporting player archetypes). Conclusions Overall, the results support the validity and potential utility of the model of gamification principles for digital health interventions. As expected, there was some overlap between several gamification principles and existing app measures (eg, MARS). However, the results indicate that the gamification principles are not redundant with existing measures and highlight the potential utility of a 5-factor gamification model structure in digital behavioral health interventions. These gamification principles may be used to improve user experience and enhance engagement with digital health programs.
Intertemporal Evidence on the Strategy of Populism

Do candidates use populism to maximize the impact of political campaigns? Is the supply of populism strategic? We apply automated text analysis to all available 2016 US Presidential campaign speeches and 2018 midterm campaign programs using a continuous index of populism. This novel dataset shows that the use of populist rhetoric is responsive to the level of expected demand for populism in the local audience. In particular, we provide evidence that current U.S. President Donald Trump uses more populist rhetoric in swing states and in locations where economic insecurity is prevalent. These findings were confirmed when the analysis was extended to recent legislative campaigns wherein candidates tended towards populism when campaigning in stiffly competitive districts where constituents are experiencing high levels of economic insecurity. We also show that pandering is more common for candidates who can credibly sustain anti-elite positions, such as those with shorter political careers. Finally, our results suggest that a populist strategy is rewarded by voters since higher levels of populism are associated with higher shares of the vote, precisely in competitive districts where voters are experiencing economic insecurity. Keywords: Populism, Electoral Campaign, American Politics, Text Analysis
Case Comparison of Response to Aquatic Exercise: Acute Versus Chronic Conditions

The purpose of this case report was to describe the effects of individualized aquatic exercise programs with two participants with knee impairments. The first participant was a 17-year-old high school soccer player with an acute knee injury (torn anterior cruciate ligament). She demonstrated significant improvement in functional abilities over the course of the nine week intervention. The second participant was a 33-year-old female with a chronic knee condition (rheumatoid arthritis) localized to the right knee. Although she demonstrated only marginal progress in functional outcomes over the course of six months of participation, improvement in swimming ability was remarkable. The cases were compared and contrasted relative to valid data collection methods and response to aquatic exercise. Results suggested that both quantitative and qualitative data may be useful in determining the effectiveness of aquatic exercise programs. In particular, qualitative data provided insight into the meaning of the activity for the second participant.
On Consecutive Triples Of Powerful Numbers

A powerful number is a positive integer such that every prime that appears in its prime factorization appears there at least twice. Erdös, Mollin and Walsh conjectured that three consecutive powerful numbers do not exist. This paper shows that if they do exist, the smallest of the three numbers must have remainder 7, 27 or 35 when divided by 36. A powerful number is a positive integer such that every prime that appears in its prime factorization appears there at least twice. Equivalently, it is a positive integer that can be expressed as the product of a perfect square and a perfect cube. Powerful numbers have been studied by Erdös and Szekeres [1], Golomb [3], and Mollin and Walsh [4]. It is an unsolved problem in mathematics whether three consecutive powerful numbers exist, although Erdös, Mollin and Walsh have conjectured that such numbers do not exist [2, 4]. This paper will show that if three consecutive powerful numbers do exist, the smallest number must be congruent to 7 mod 36, 27 mod 36 or 35 mod 36. Theorem 0.1. If three consecutive powerful numbers exist, they must be of the form (36k +7,36k +8,36k +9), (36k +27,36k +28,36k +29) or (36k −1,36k,36k +1) = (36(k − 1)+35,36k,36k +1) for some integer k. Proof. Three consecutive powerful numbers must be (even,odd ,even) or (odd ,even,odd). However, in the (even,odd ,even) case, either the smallest number is congruent to 2 mod 4 or the smallest number is congruent to 0 mod 4, in which case the largest number is congruent to 2 mod 4. Whichever number is congruent to 2 mod 4 will be divisible by 2 but not by 4, so 2 will appear in the number’s prime factorization only once. However, by the definition of a powerful number, every prime that appears in the prime factorization must appear there at least twice, so this number cannot be powerful, and we have a contradiction because all three numbers have to be powerful. Therefore, the (even,odd ,even) case is impossible, so the powerful numbers must be (odd ,even,odd). The middle number is even, so 2 must appear in that number’s prime factorization at least twice by the definition of a powerful number. The middle number is therefore divisible by 4. Also, the three powerful numbers are consecutive, so one of Mathematics Subject Classification. 05B30
Polarimetric Bistatic Scattering From Multiple Parallel Cylinders

Electromagnetic scattering from multiple cylinders has been an active research topic in many research fields, and the special case of parallel cylinders has seen important applications ranging from remote sensing to biology. Yet, the rigorous treatments have been mostly focusing on the 2-D cases, whereas for the more realistic 3-D cases, approximated approaches are often adopted. This article proposes a more rigorous treatment of 3-D polarimetric multiple scattering from parallel cylinders by extending our previously proposed virtual partition method (VPM) for single-cylinder case to multiple-cylinder case. The appeal of the method includes the appreciably reduced longitudinal dimension for subcylinders and its corresponding encircling sphere so as to effectively address the otherwise thorny issue of violation of the required mutual exclusion of encircling spheres of large aspect ratio cylinders by the conventional multiple scatterers’ equation. The proposed VPM demonstrates the capability of capturing very well the polarimetric bistatic scattering amplitudes and phases, and of meeting physical requirements of energy conservation and reciprocity theorem. A systematic examination of the coupling effect is carried out against a number of factors, including average interneighbor-cylinder (intercylinder for short) distance, cylinder size, dielectric constant, and cylinder number, with the numerical results clearly revealing the complicated pattern of coupling effect. The studied cases suggest that the coupling effect may still be felt for a large average intercylinder distance. For electromagnetic wave propagation in the parallel cylinders, the coupling effect is visible, yet it tends to be mitigated by the average process.
A Deep Learning Based Approach to Predict Sequential Design Decisions

During a design process, designers iteratively go back and forth between different design stages to explore the design space and search for the best design solution that satisfies all design constraints. For complex design problems, human has shown surprising capability in effectively reducing the dimensionality of design space and quickly converging it to a reasonable range for algorithms to step in and continue the search process. Therefore, modeling how human designers make decisions in such a sequential design process can help discover beneficial design patterns, strategies, and heuristics, which are important to the development of new algorithms embedded with human intelligence to augment computational design. In this paper, we develop a deep learning based approach to model and predict designers’ sequential decisions in a system design context. The core of this approach is an integration of the function-behavior-structure model for design process characterization and the long short term memory unit model for deep leaning. This approach is demonstrated in a solar energy system design case study, and its prediction accuracy is evaluated benchmarked on several commonly used models for sequential design decisions, such as Markov Chain model, Hidden Markov Chain model, and random sequence generation model. The results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms the other traditional models. This implies that during a system design task, designers are very likely to reply on both short-term and long-term memory of past design decisions in guiding their decision making in future design process. Our approach is general to be applied in many other design contexts as long as the sequential design action data is available.
Switchable Multi-Wavelength Thulium-Doped Fiber Laser Using Four-Mode Fiber Based Sagnac Loop Filter

A switchable multi-wavelength thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL) using a four-mode fiber based Sagnac loop filter was proposed and demonstrated. The Sagnac loop, incorporating a 4.8 m long four-mode step-index fiber, acting as a comb filter was analyzed theoretically and experimentally. By adjusting two polarization controllers, eight stable single-wavelength operations and five stable dual-wavelength operations were obtained with easy switching between the different operation modes. The wavelength range covered during the single-wavelength switchable operation with a signal-to-noise ratio of up to 55 dB was ∼28.51 nm. In dual-wavelength switchable operation, the maximum and minimum wavelength spacings were ∼21.78 nm and ∼1.50 nm, respectively. Due to the abundant wavelength resources, the proposed TDFL has great potential in wavelength division multiplexing free-space optical communications, optical fiber sensing, and photonic generation of microwave signals.
Assertions and Their Justification: Demonstration and Self-Evidence

In Frege’s epistemic account of logic, the notions assertion, justification and being evident play a central role. Although the notion of judging agent plays an important role in the explanation of these notions, this does not mean that Frege’s logic is committed to a form of psychologism. How can we use Frege’s account of these notions to illuminate the notions of demonstration and being evident in Constructive Type Theory (CTT)? As the judging agent also plays a role in CTT, how can it prevent a form of psychologism? Although the notion of demonstration cannot be understood without invoking a judging agent, such a judging agent is a first person, which is not to be understood as an empirical subject. And similarly for being evident. The latter notion is often taken to imply a form of psychologism. Although the appeal to the notion of being evident involves a form of fallibilism, the notion is normative, and therefore not psychological. It can thus be used to account for a justification of the inference rules.
Dose-related effects of shock waves on rabbit tendo Achillis: A sonographic and histological study

We aimed to determine whether extracorporeal shock waves of varying intensity would damage the intact tendo Achillis and paratenon in a rabbit model. We used 42 female New Zealand white rabbits randomly divided into four groups as follows: group a received 1000 shock-wave impulses of an energy flux density of 0.08 mJ/mm2, group b 1000 impulses of 0.28 mJ/mm2, group c 1000 impulses of 0.60 mJ/mm2, and group d was a control group. Sonographic and histological evaluation showed no changes in group a, and transient swelling of the tendon with a minor inflammatory reaction in group b. Group c had formation of paratendinous fluid with a significant increase in the anteroposterior diameter of the tendon. In this group there were marked histological changes with increased eosin staining, fibrinoid necrosis, fibrosis in the paratenon and infiltration of inflammatory cells. We conclude that there are dose-dependent changes in the tendon and paratenon after extracorporeal shock-wave therapy and that energy flux densities of over 0.28 mJ/mm should not be used clinically in the treatment of tendon disorders.
The value of weekly short message service interventions targeting medication adherence : a multi-national economic evaluation in HIV and tuberculosis infection

ii Preface . iv Table of contents . vii List of tables. xii List of figures . xiv List of abbreviations . xvi Glossary . xviii Acknowledgements . xx Dedication . xxi
Motor interference of incongruent motions increases workload in close HRI

This paper investigates the effect of motor interference in human arm motions performed in close vicinity to robot arm motions and resulting workload. Human and robot perform congruent (parallel) and incongruent (orthogonal) motions in front of each other and hand positions are recorded through an optical tracking system. The experimental results show a significant increase of human hand position variability as well as a decrease of perceived performance and an increase of perceived effort between congruent and incongruent motion conditions. Moreover, it is found that an increase of motor interference results in higher workload. The results further suggest that even though humanoid form might be considered more intuitive in close human–robot interaction, humanoid design of an interacting robot might not always be the best choice in terms of cooperative positioning accuracy and workload. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT