Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SINGLE STAGE PULSED INDUCTION REACTION ENGINE

i c t i o n r e a c t I )n engine i s desc r i b e d which uses aluminum o r any o t h e r good meta ll i c conductor as r e a c t i o n mass. A capac i to r d i s charge i s used t o e x c i t e a pu lse c o i l which i s magn e t i c a l l y coupled very s t r o n g l y t o an aluminum f o i l r i n g se rv ing as the r e a c t i o n mass. Th is mass i s r e p e l l e d a t a h i g h v e l o c i t y and vapor izes dur ing t h e d ischarge thus avo id ing the problems of a t r a i l o f s o l i d p a r t i c l e s . V e l o c i t i e s above 1 km/s and acc e l e r a t i o n s o f 10 m i l l i o n gee's o f gram s i z e masses a r e demonstrated. Modeling ind ica tes t h a t a tenf o l d increase i n performance a t above 90 percent e f f i c i e n c y i s poss ib le . S u i t a b l e charg ing and sw i tching schemes f o r a h igh t h r u s t system a r e discussed.
Research on Evaluation Method of Rockburst Proneness Based on Energy Principles

The study of rockburst criterion is the key to predict whether rockburst occurs or not. First of all, based on the energy principle and taking the rock strength and overall failure criterion as the benchmark, the rockburst proneness criterion of rock mass unit under compression and tension was established. The criterion took into account the integrity factors, mechanical factors, brittleness factors and energy storage factors in the process of rockburst inoculation, and three rockburst classification thresholds (2, 11 and 110) for four grades of none, weak, moderate and severe rockburst were proposed. Second, Taking the typical rockburst disaster as examples, the rationality of the existing classical rockburst criterions and the rockburst proneness criterion proposed in this paper were tested, and the results showed that this criterion had good engineering applicability. Finally, the numerical simulation analysis of rockburst disaster in 2# diversion tunnel of Jinping II hydropower station was carried out by using this criterion. The results were basically consistent with the actual situation, which verified the accuracy and effectiveness of the rockburst proneness criterion proposed in this paper. The research results can provide reference for the evaluation and prediction of rockburst disaster in deep underground engineering.
Readiness of Teachers and Students to Take Minimum Competency Assessments

This research aims to analyze the readiness of teachers and students through their perceptions of the Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM) questions. This research was conducted at the Junior High School and Senior High School levels, the samples took in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi. There are 60% of Junior High School teachers said that most of the AKM questions were in accordance with the learning method and process, but in this case, there are only 40% of high school teachers. Middle school students' perceptions of 54% and SMA 50% said that the AKM questions were by the learning method or process. The learning process in schools has not emphasized students to think analytically. Teachers' readiness to face AKM needs to adjust teaching methods in the learning process. There are less than 50% of Junior High School and Senior High School teachers whose assessments were by the types of AKM questions. It means that more than 50% of the teachers do not use similar assessments with the AKM. There are 50% of Junior High School and Senior High School teachers said that most of the AKM was difficult. There are 28% of Junior High School and 34% of Senior High School Students said that most of AKM is difficult. In working on AKM questions, students can obtain answers based on their opinions. For students, if they have answered, it will be worth it. A recommendation that the teacher's book: be revised with HOTS learning accompanied by examples of HOTs questions. Readability of questions, such as the use of words that are familiar to students, clarity of appearance of pictures and complexity of question discourse. Keywords—teacher and student readiness, minimum competency assessment
Employment Diversification as a Determinant of Economic Resilience and Sustainability in Provincial Cities

Differentiated response of selected economies to the global economic crisis caused by the collapse of the real estate market in the United States has drawn the attention of economists to the concept of economic resilience. At the same time, once again, it showed the importance of analysing and creating suitable conditions for sustainable development. Resilient economies are less exposed to the risk of economic crises or slowdowns, which is vital for ensuring stable incomes and high level of living standards. Therefore, the presented analysis was aimed at evaluating the level of economic resilience of provincial cities in Poland in relation to the situation on their labour markets. For this purposes, selected measures of the variation in the distribution feature (e.g., coefficient of variation) and the degree of structure diversification of the examined feature (Amemiya’s index) were used. Subsequently, using correlation analysis, the research determined whether any relationships could be observed between the investigated variables. The results of the research indicate that for provincial cities sub-regions in Poland, a statistically significant, moderate negative correlation could be observed between the degree of employment structure diversification in 2009 and the scale and scope of the collapse in the number of employed persons in subsequent years. This suggests that a high level of employment diversification restricted the level of economic resilience in this case.
RNA-Seq Transcriptome Analysis of Potato with Differential Tolerance to Bentazone Herbicide

Potato (Solanum tuberosum), an important food crop worldwide, is threatened by broadleaf weeds. Bentazone is an effective herbicide for controlling weeds; however, as a photosynthesis inhibitor, it can also affect potato plants. Therefore, screening potato seedlings for bentazone resistance and determining the genes involved is essential. Herein, we selected potato varieties with tolerance and sensitivity to bentazone. The photosynthetic rate of sensitive plants was notably affected by bentazone application, whereas the tolerant plants showed a significantly higher photosynthetic rate. We observed 95.7% bentazone degradation within 24 d after application in the tolerant plants. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that the numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the tolerant and sensitive potato seedlings were 2703 and 11,024 before and after bentazone application, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that the majority of DEGs were enriched in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metals, carbon metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and photosynthesis. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), flavonoid 3′,5′-methyltransferase-like (AOMT3), ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small chain C (RBCS-C), and chalcone synthase 2 (CHS2) were identified as candidates contributing to bentazone tolerance. These results provide a theoretical basis for selecting potato stress-resistant resources in the future.
Multilingual Repertoires at Play: Structure and Function in Reported Speech Utterances of Alyawarr Children

While there is increasing international interest in approaching language analysis with the prism of repertoire, research on repertoire on the Australian continent is still very much in the shadow of “traditional” language-centric documentary work. This paper will explore the question of how users of Australian, English-lexified contact varieties exploit their multilingual repertoires to achieve local, conversation–organizational ends. Drawing upon a corpus of video recordings from Ipmangker, a Central Australian Aboriginal community, and using the analytical methods of interactional and comparative variationist linguistics, I examine the production of reported speech by four 6- to 7-year-old Alyawarr children in a play session at home. A set of prosodic, phonological, morphological and discourse-pragmatic features are shown to form a coherent set of linguistic elements with which these multilingual children can contrast reported speech from the surrounding talk. Moreover, the use of reported speech in play not only allows the children to organize their interaction, but responds to and constructs the epistemic landscape of play.
Quantification of One-Year Gypsy Moth Defoliation Extent in Wonju, Korea, Using Landsat Satellite Images

We quantified the extent and severity of Asian gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) defoliation in Wonju, Korea, from May to early June in 2020. Landsat images were collected covering Wonju and the surrounding area in June from 2017 to 2020. Forest damage was evaluated based on differences between the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) from images acquired in 8 June 2020 and the prior mean NDMI estimated from images in June from 2017 to 2019. The values of NDMI ranged from −1 to 1, where values closer to 1 meant higher canopy cover. The NDMI values for 7825 ha of forests were reduced by more than 0.05 compared to the mean NDMI values for the prior 3 years (2017 to 2019). The NDMI values of 1350 ha of forests were reduced by >0.125 to 0.2, and the NDMI values for another 656 ha were reduced by more than 0.2. A field survey showed that these forests were defoliated by gypsy moth and that forests with NDMI reductions of more than 0.2 were heavily defoliated by gypsy moth. A 311 ha area of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) was severely damaged by gypsy moth and the proportion of larch damaged was higher than that of other tree species. This intense damage to larch suggests that gypsy moths preferentially attack Japanese larch in Wonju. Our study shows that the use of NDMI values to detect areas defoliated by gypsy moth from satellite images is effective and can be used to measure other characteristics of gypsy moth defoliation events, such as host preferences under field conditions.
Pyrolysis of Phragmites hirsuta study on pyrolysis characteristics, kinetic and thermodynamic analyses

This study is dedicated to the pyrolysis behavior and kinetic characteristics of bioenergy potential Phragmites hirsuta (root, stem and leave) by thermogravimetric analyzer using five different heating rates (10, 20, 30, 40, 50°C/min). The pyrolysis of three parts can be divided into dehydration, volatilization and carbonization, which the main decomposition temperature was 280°C to 350°C with weight losses of 60%. Kinetics thermodynamic characteristics were carried out using three model‐free iso‐conversional methods, including Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa, DAEM and Friedman methods, in which the activation energy of root, stem and leaf were 130 to 177, 128 to 159 and 124 to 157 kJ/mol, respectively. The activation energy in the root higher than stem and leaf indicated higher reactivity of the pyrolysis. The reaction mechanisms of root, stem and leaf fit well with different Avarami‐Erofeev reaction models. The pyrolysis of different parts can be separately resolved into three pyrolysis peaks, which represent the pyrolysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, respectively. The corresponding temperature of hemicellulose pyrolysis peak is leaf < stem < root. This research will provide theoretical basis for high‐value utilization of biomass and new ideas for selective pyrolysis of biomass.
Are finite‐amplitude effects important in non‐breaking mountain waves?

Linear theory has long been used to study mountain waves and has been successful in describing much of their behaviour. In the simplest theoretical context, that of two‐dimensional steady‐state flow with constant Brunt–Väisälä frequency (N) and horizontal wind speed (U), finite‐amplitude effects are relatively minor until wave breaking occurs. However, in more complex environmental profiles, significant finite‐amplitude effects occur below the wave‐breaking threshold. We constructed a linearized version of a fully nonlinear time‐dependent model, thereby facilitating direct comparisons between linear and finite‐amplitude solutions in cases with upstream profiles representative of typical real‐world events. Beginning with the simplest profile that includes a tropopause, namely an environment with constant upstream wind speed and two layers of constant static stability, we progressively investigate more complex profiles that include vertical wind shear typical of the midlatitude westerlies. Our results demonstrate that, even without wave breaking, finite‐amplitude effects can play an important role in modulating the mountain‐wave amplitude and gravity‐wave drag. The modulation is a function of the tropopause height and is most pronounced when the cross‐ridge flow increases strongly with height.
Impacts of Urbanization, Aerodynamic Roughness, and Land Surface Processes on the Extreme Heavy Rainfall Over Chennai, India

In this study, the impacts of urban land surface processes on the extreme heavy rainfall event on December 01, 2015 over Chennai, located in north coastal Tamil Nadu, India are analyzed using convection permitting WRF simulations. A series of numerical experiments are conducted using different land cover data (USGS‐1992, NRSC‐2004, NRSC‐2015), aerodynamic roughness, and land surface models (LSM) to assess their sensitivity on the predicted rainfall. Results suggest that experiments with NRSC‐2015 with increased urban extent improved the rainfall prediction in terms of rainfall intensity and its distribution. Though temperatures, sensible heat, and planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) increased due to urbanization in both dry and wet phases, the humidity and convective available potential energy (CAPE) reduced during the dry phase suggesting thermal convection played a secondary role in rainfall. Considerable increase of surface drag, momentum transport, wind shear, and turbulent kinetic energy is found in simulations with updated land use and roughness, which determined the location of the cyclonic circulation, convergence, and maximum precipitation. LSM sensitivity experiments indicated that while the five‐layer model substantially increased the sensible heat, temperature, and PBLH, it reduced the moisture convergence and CAPE relative to Noah and Noah‐MP thus resulting in low rainfall. The simulation with Noah‐MP enhanced the low‐level shear and convergence over other LSMs thus produced a wide spread rainfall along the coast. Our results demonstrated that the momentum transport due to urban drag played a vital role by strengthening the low‐level convergence and moist convection, which caused heavy precipitation over Chennai.
Child Temperament and Academic Performances among Kindergarteners

The study examined the relationship between child temperament and academic performances among kindergarteners in the Wa East and Wa West districts of the upper west region of Ghana. A sample of 150 fathers were selected at random from the two districts to participate in the study. Children of the fathers selected were made of 69 boys and 81girls. Self-reported data from questionnaires were used to examine the relationship between child temperament and academic performances among the kindergarten children of the selected region. Analyses of the data revealed that low intensity, anger/frustration, attentional focusing, fear, and falling reactivity/soothability characteristics of child temperament categories predicted the academic performances of the kindergarten children within the two districts. It was also realized from the study that the occupation of fathers exhibited significant relationship with the academic performances of the kindergarten children. However, child gender, their ages and that of fathers’, fathers’ income levels, and the districts of origin showed no relationship with the academic performances of the kindergarten children. It is hereby recommended that behavioral disorder/disability centers should be established at kindergarten centers to guide and counsel practice on behave management and practices.
Signal Crosstalk Promoted Proliferative Lesions in Mouse Mammary Glands As a Consequence of ET-1 Overexpression

Objective: As a distinct cellular signaling model, a receptor crosstalk between G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been demonstrated in various in vitro studies. In addition, recent in vitro studies had focused on the signaling pathways of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the pathophysiology of cancer. Accordingly, a growing interest in the analysis of the receptor crosstalk between ET-1 receptors and EGFR and functional consequences of EGFR activation of proliferative diseases evoked us to the analysis of this phenomenon in vivo. Materials and Methods: We performed a comparative study between ET-1 transgenic mice and control mice during the late pregnancy (n=7), early lactation (n=6) the mid of lactation (n=10) and involution day 14 (n=7) periods. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE)stained parallel sections from mammary glands were microscopically examined. The key signal proteins (ETAR, ETBR, ERK1/2, pEGFR) in transactivation of EGFR were analyzed employing Western blot techniques. Genes (amphiregulin, TGFa, EGF, HB-EGF, ADAM 17) known to play an important role in these activities were analyzed using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) techniques. Results: ET-1 transgenic mice exhibited hyperproliferative lesions (lactational hyperplasia) during the middle of the lactation period. Our RT-PCR analyses showed a prominent up regulation of amphiregulin and ADAM 17 in ET-1 transgenic mice. Moreover, we found higher EGFR and ERKs activations in the transgenic mammary glands. Conclusion: This study highlights a causative effect of upregulated ET-1 gene expression on the induction of proliferative lesions via EGFR transactivation in mammary glands. Further, ET-1 overexpression induced an upregulation of amphiregulin and ADAM17 expressions in the transgenic mammary glands. These results suggests that the enhanced ET-1 gene expression and its receptors might have a crucial role in proliferative diseases maintaining EGFR activation.
Preparation of Secondary Mesopores in Mesoporous Anatase–Silica Nanocomposites with Unprecedented‐High Photocatalytic Degradation Performances

In this article, a simple and mild preparation of secondary pores are reported, for the first time, with uniform and tunable sizes (in a wide range of 0.9–4.8 nm) in the walls highly connecting the primary mesochannels in 3D mesopore networks. The uniform secondary pores are obtained by using ordered 2D hexagonal mesoporous anatase TiO2–SiO2 nanocomposites as precursors, NaOH as an etchant via an “extracting SiO2” approach. The strategy here adopts diluted NaOH solution, appropriate extraction temperature, and solid/liquid ratio. The photocatalytic degradation rates of Rhodamine B (0.347 min–1), Acid Red 1 (0.0487 min–1), microcystin–LR (1.66 min–1) on the representative resultant nanocomposite are very high, which are 4.63, 11.7, 1.84 times that of the precursor without secondary mesopores; even up to 18.9, 8.21, 4.66 times that of P25, respectively. These results clearly demonstrate that the secondary mesopores play an overwhelming role to the increments of activities. The mesoporous anatase–silica nanocomposites with secondary mesopores present unprecedented‐high degradation activities to various organic pollutants in the mesoporous metal‐oxides‐based materials reported up to now and are considerably stable and reusable. It is believed that the fundamentals in this study will provide new insights for rational design and preparation of 3D highly interconnected mesoporous metal‐oxides‐based materials with super‐high performances.
An analytical model of surface potential and capacitance in heterojunction SELBOX TFET

The Surface potential model based on 2D Poisson's equation of heterojunction Selective Buried Oxide (SELBOX) TFET has been predicted with appropriate boundary conditions in the rectangular coordinates. The device has been bifurcated into rectangular regions to perform an analysis of the electrostatic potential of the device. The potentials in the source and drain regions have been considered constant. The potential model is utilized to derive the mathematical relations for the electric field. Moreover, the affectability of drain voltage and gate voltage on capacitance has been explored by formulating the analytical model for capacitance. The charge model has also been articulated. The capacitance model considers depletion capacitances, inversion capacitances, and fringing capacitances of the proposed device. The total charge is modeled by considering the depletion charge and inner fringing charge at the source region with the dominancy of inversion charge at the channel region. Further, subthreshold swing (SS) based on band to band tunneling (BTBT) has been derived. The device behavior has been studied by incorporating quantum correction (QC). The analytically modeled results agree well with the TCAD simulation results.
Synthesis and Characterization of Some Multi-substituted Thiosemicarbazones as the Multi-dental Ligands of Metal Ions

Allylthiosemicarbazide(1), prepared from allyl isothiocyanate and hydrazine, reacted with butane 2,3 dione,ninhydrin, or glyoxal to give the corresponding bsutane 2,3 dione bis (4 allylthiosemicarbazone) (2), ninhydrin 1,3 bis(4 allylthiosemicarbazone)(5), or glyoxal bis(4 allylthiosemicarbazone)(6), respectively. Butane 2,3 dione bis thiosemicarbazone(3)was obtained via the reaction of butane 2,3 dione and aminothiourea. Cyclohexanone 4 allylthiosemicarbazone(4) was also prepared in a similar way. The complexation behavior of there compounds with some metal ions under different conditions was briefly investigated .
Barriers and Solutions to Passing State Legislation to Protect the Rights of Parents With Disabilities: Lessons From Interviews With Advocates, Attorneys, and Legislators

Parents with disabilities experience discrimination within the child welfare, family law, and adoption and foster care systems. In response, there have been increasing calls for states to pass legislation prohibiting discrimination against parents with disabilities, and as of 2020, 28 states have passed or are considering such legislation. This qualitative study explored the perspectives of 19 advocates, attorneys, and legislators on barriers and solutions for passing legislation to protect the rights of parents with disabilities. Participants identified three barriers: (a) legislators’ pejorative attitudes toward parents with disabilities, (b) external opposition, and (c) legislative barriers. Participants also identified eight solutions: (a) cross-disability advocacy, (b) education, (c) relationship-building, (d) bipartisanship, (e) support from state and national organizations, (f) strong sponsors, (g) incrementalism, and (h) model legislation. Study findings should help to inform ongoing legislative advocacy to protect the rights of parents with disabilities.
Organic thin-film Transistors with N2 Doping

In this study, the doping method was used in organic thin-film transistors based on pentacene to increase the mobility of organic thin film. The two layers structure was adopted in this study like Fig. 1. Nitrogen was used as dopant added in the doping layer at room temperature and 70℃ respectively. The mobility of devices with nitrogen doping layer was enhanced by two and four times at room temperature and 70℃ respectively than ones without doping layer. Although the mobili ty was enhanced by nitrogen doping, the ratio of on/off current was decreased with adding dopant. The best mobility of the devices was 0.69cm^2/V(superscript *)s which was doped at 70℃.