Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demographic histories shape population genomics of the common coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus)

Many coral reef fishes display remarkable genetic and phenotypic variation across their geographic ranges. Understanding how historical and contemporary processes have shaped these patterns remains a focal question in evolutionary biology since they reveal how diversity is generated and how it may respond to future environmental change. Here, we compare the population genomics and demographic histories of a commercially and ecologically important coral reef fish, the common coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus [Lacépède 1802]), across two adjoining regions (the Great Barrier Reef; GBR, and the Coral Sea, Australia) spanning approximately 14 degrees of latitude and 9 degrees of longitude. We analysed 4548 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers across 11 sites and show that genetic connectivity between regions is low, despite their relative proximity (~100 km) and an absence of any obvious geographic barrier. Inferred demographic histories using 10,479 markers suggest that the Coral Sea population was founded by a small number of GBR individuals and that divergence occurred ~190 kya under a model of isolation with asymmetric migration. We detected population expansions in both regions, but estimates of contemporary effective population sizes were approximately 50% smaller in Coral Sea sites, which also had lower genetic diversity. Our results suggest that P. leopardus in the Coral Sea have experienced a long period of isolation that precedes the recent glacial period (~10–120 kya) and may be vulnerable to localized disturbances due to their relative reliance on local larval replenishment. While it is difficult to determine the underlying events that led to the divergence of the Coral Sea and GBR lineages, we show that even geographically proximate populations of a widely dispersed coral reef fish can have vastly different evolutionary histories.
The Relationship Between Adult Attachment Style and Burnout: The Mediating Effect of Resilience

With worldwide range increase of burnout in the workplace, ascending amount of investigates were focusing on the contributing factors of burnout, including resilience and adult attachment styles. However, the interactive effect of adult attachment styles and resilience on job burnout is less clear. Moreover, most of studies examined western workers, and little is known about the Chinese working population. Hence, the present study investigated 241 Chinese workers from diverse industries (Mage = 37.94, SDage = 10.04; 57.63% females), and examined the mediation effect of resilience on the relationship between adult attachment and job burnout. A cross-sectional online survey design was adopted. Results showed that a fully mediating effect of resilience occurred on the relationship of secure attachment styles (compared to avoidant attachment) and burnout while no significant relationships were found in anxious (vs. avoidant) attachment model. Our findings suggest that managers should help employees develop higher resilience to achieve less job burnout, especially for employee with secure attachment styles.
Surface Defect Detection Model for Aero-Engine Components Based on Improved YOLOv5

Aiming at the problems of low efficiency and poor accuracy in conventional surface defect detection methods for aero-engine components, a surface defect detection model based on an improved YOLOv5 object detection algorithm is proposed in this paper. First, a k-means clustering algorithm was used to recalculate the parameters of the preset anchors to make them match the samples better. Then, an ECA-Net attention mechanism was added at the end of the backbone network to make the model pay more attention to feature extraction from defect areas. Finally, the PANet structure of the neck network was improved through its replacement with BiFPN modules to fully integrate the features of all scales. The results showed that the mAP of the YOLOv5s-KEB model was 98.3%, which was 1.0% higher than the original YOLOv5s model, and the average inference time for a single image was 2.6 ms, which was 10.3% lower than the original model. Moreover, compared with the Faster R-CNN, YOLOv3, YOLOv4 and YOLOv4-tiny object detection algorithms, the YOLOv5s-KEB model has the highest accuracy and the smallest size, which make it very efficient and convenient for practical applications.
The acquisition of humoral immune responses targeting Plasmodium falciparum sexual stages in controlled human malaria infections

Individuals infected with P. falciparum develop antibody responses to intra-erythrocytic gametocyte proteins and exported gametocyte proteins present on the surface of infected erythrocytes. However, there is currently limited knowledge on the immunogenicity of gametocyte antigens and the specificity of gametocyte-induced antibody responses. In this study, we assessed antibody responses in participants of two controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) studies by ELISA, multiplexed bead-based antibody assays and protein microarray. By comparing antibody responses in participants with and without gametocyte exposure, we aimed to disentangle the antibody response induced by asexual and sexual stage parasites. We showed that after a single malaria infection, a significant anti-sexual stage humoral response is induced in malaria-naïve individuals, even after exposure to relatively low gametocyte densities (up to ~1,600 gametocytes/mL). In contrast to antibody responses to well-characterised asexual blood stage antigens that were detectable by day 21 after infection, responses to sexual stage antigens (including transmission blocking vaccine candidates Pfs48/45 and Pfs230) were only apparent at 51 days after infection. We found antigens previously associated with early gametocyte or anti-gamete immunity were highly represented among responses linked with gametocyte exposure. Our data provide detailed insights on the induction and kinetics of antibody responses to gametocytes and identify novel antigens that elicit antibody responses exclusively in individuals with gametocyte exposure. Our findings provide target identification for serological assays for surveillance of the malaria infectious reservoir, and support vaccine development by describing the antibody response to leading vaccine antigens after primary infection.
Condensation and Protection of DNA by the Myxococcus xanthus Encapsulin: A Novel Function

Encapsulins are protein nanocages capable of harboring smaller proteins (cargo proteins) within their cavity. The function of the encapsulin systems is related to the encapsulated cargo proteins. The Myxococcus xanthus encapsulin (EncA) naturally encapsulates ferritin-like proteins EncB and EncC as cargo, resulting in a large iron storage nanocompartment, able to accommodate up to 30,000 iron atoms per shell. In the present manuscript we describe the binding and protection of circular double stranded DNA (pUC19) by EncA using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and DNase protection assays. EncA binds pUC19 with an apparent dissociation constant of 0.3 ± 0.1 µM and a Hill coefficient of 1.4 ± 0.1, while EncC alone showed no interaction with DNA. Accordingly, the EncAC complex displayed a similar DNA binding capacity as the EncA protein. The data suggest that initially, EncA converts the plasmid DNA from a supercoiled to a more relaxed form with a beads-on-a-string morphology. At higher concentrations, EncA self-aggregates, condensing the DNA. This process physically protects DNA from enzymatic digestion by DNase I. The secondary structure and thermal stability of EncA and the EncA−pUC19 complex were evaluated using synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) spectroscopy. The overall secondary structure of EncA is maintained upon interaction with pUC19 while the melting temperature of the protein (Tm) slightly increased from 76 ± 1 °C to 79 ± 1 °C. Our work reports, for the first time, the in vitro capacity of an encapsulin shell to interact and protect plasmid DNA similarly to other protein nanocages that may be relevant in vivo.
Low‐clock‐speed time‐interleaved architecture for a polar delta–sigma modulator transmitter

The polar delta–sigma modulator (DSM) transmitter architecture exhibits good coding efficiency and can be used for software‐defined radio applications. However, the necessity of high clock speed is one of the major drawbacks of using this transmitter architecture. This study proposes a low‐complexity time‐interleaved architecture for the polar DSM transmitter baseband part to reduce the clock speed requirement of the polar DSM transmitter using an upsampling technique. Simulations show that using the proposed four‐branch time‐interleaved polar DSM transmitter baseband part, the clock speed requirement of the transmitter is reduced by four times without degrading the signal‐to‐noise‐and‐distortion ratio.
MOTION ESTIMATION IN FROTH IMAGE SEQUENCES

The problem of estimating a dense motion field for froth image sequences is explored. Four algorithms are quantitatively examined. The quantitative data set include a froth image sequence and the same sequence pre-warped. In all cases the performance of the algorithm is measured by, reconstructing the warping field, and estimating the error between the image and an estimated version generated from the computed motion field.
Analyses of Shear Angle in Orthogonal Cutting of Pine Wood

The determination of energy effects for wood machining processes, such as cutting power and cutting forces, is very useful in designing of manufacture process of wooden products. A more accurate prediction of cutting forces requires a correct determination of the shear angle value, which can be determined using various models. In this article, shear angle values for an orthogonal linear cutting process of pine wood are determined. The pine wood analysed was represented by two groups of samples with different moisture content levels, 12 % and 20 %. Three different models were used to determine the shear angle values: the Merchant model, which is based on the rake angle and the angle of friction, model based on chip compression ratios and Atkins model based on material properties (elements of fracture mechanics). The values obtained have been analysed for comparison. Results showed that the values of the shearing angles determined from the chip compression ratios turned out to be higher than the values from Merchant equation. The shear angles determined from the Atkins model are, as expected, lower than those determined from the Merchant model. Furthermore, the shear angle values for moisture content of 20 % are higher than for moisture content of 12 %.
Screening of the Key Genes and Signalling Pathways for Diabetic Nephropathy Using Bioinformatics Analysis

Background This study aimed to identify biological markers for diabetic nephropathy (DN) and explore their underlying mechanisms. Methods Four datasets, GSE30528, GSE47183, GSE104948, and GSE96804, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the “limma” package, and the “RobustRankAggreg” package was used to screen the overlapping DEGs. The hub genes were identified using cytoHubba of Cytoscape. Logistic regression analysis was used to further analyse the hub genes, followed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to predict the diagnostic effectiveness of the hub genes. Correlation analysis and enrichment analysis of the hub genes were performed to identify the potential functions of the hub genes involved in DN. Results In total, 55 DEGs, including 38 upregulated and 17 downregulated genes, were identified from the three datasets. Four hub genes (FN1, CD44, C1QB, and C1QA) were screened out by the “UpSetR” package, and FN1 was identified as a key gene for DN by logistic regression analysis. Correlation analysis and enrichment analysis showed that FN1 was positively correlated with four genes (COL6A3, COL1A2, THBS2, and CD44) and with the development of DN through the extracellular matrix (ECM)–receptor interaction pathway. Conclusions We identified four candidate genes: FN1, C1QA, C1QB, and CD44. On further investigating the biological functions of FN1, we showed that FN1 was positively correlated with THBS2, COL1A2, COL6A3, and CD44 and involved in the development of DN through the ECM–receptor interaction pathway. THBS2, COL1A2, COL6A3, and CD44 may be novel biomarkers and target therapeutic candidates for DN.
Robust Coordinated Distribution System Planning Considering Transactive DSO's Market

In this paper, a robust distribution system expansion planning (DSP) approach is presented to supply the load growth locally and move toward nearly zero energy local distribution areas (LDAs). In the proposed approach, a distribution system operator (DSO) is responsible for secure and optimum operation of LDAs. Therefore, investors on distribution system upgrades use this approach to maximize the profit on investments by determining the installation year of new distribution feeders and energy resources, distributed energy resource (DER) placements and sizes considered by corresponding DSOs. The accurate AC power flow solution is used and mathematical methods are developed to model the DSP as a quadratically constrained programming (QCP) problem. The Benders decomposition is applied to investigate the reliability and the optimality of the proposed plan and correspondingly modify the investment plan as required. The uncertainty of renewable DER forecast errors, locational marginal price (LMP) of an LDA at a transmission bus, and transactive power associated with a load bus is modeled using robust optimization. The proposed transactive DSP (TDSP) approach is implemented on the IEEE 33-bus distribution test system and the results are analyzed and validated. The proposed numerical results show the optimality and the robustness of the proposed approach.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography: Recent Patents and Advancement

Background: Chromatography is defined as a set of techniques that are used for the separation of constituents in a mixture. Introduction: High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography or High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is known as a specialized technique in which columns as well as liquid chromatography are used in the separation, characterizationand investigation of the active moieties existing in the mixture. Objective: Current review focuses on the HPLC technique, including its principles, instrumentation, types, applications, advancements, and patents. Result: HPLC technique is important both for quantitative as well as qualitative analysis and is used for the evaluation of biological and pharmaceutical samples. It is the safest, most versatile, and fastest technique for chromatographic analysis in the field of quality control of drug components. In this review, the authors have also tried to summarize some of the advancements and recent patents in which the HPLC technique was used for the analysis. Conclusion: The article will help in understanding the role and importance of this analytical technique in the quality control of drugs and biologicals.
MiRNA-Mediated Fibrosis in the Out-of-Target Heart following Partial-Body Irradiation

Simple Summary Radiation exposure has been linked to non-cancer effects such as heart disease. This study aimed to investigate radiation-induced heart disease in mice where the radiation exposure was either administered to the whole body or only to the bottom third of the body (partial body). Radiation damage was found in the hearts of mice following both whole-body and partial-body exposure. MiRNAs released from directly irradiated skeletal muscle cells in vitro were shown to result in damaging effects in unirradiated ventricular cardiac cells. This study suggests that a partial-body exposure to radiation should be thought of as a systemic effect rather than only an effect on the exposed tissue. Abstract Recent reports have shown a link between radiation exposure and non-cancer diseases such as radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD). Radiation exposures are often inhomogeneous, and out-of-target effects have been studied in terms of cancer risk, but very few studies have been carried out for non-cancer diseases. Here, the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of RIHD was investigated. C57Bl/6J female mice were whole- (WBI) or partial-body-irradiated (PBI) with 2 Gy of X-rays or sham-irradiated (SI). In PBI exposure, the lower third of the mouse body was irradiated, while the upper two-thirds were shielded. From all groups, hearts were collected 15 days or 6 months post-irradiation. The MiRNome analysis at 15 days post-irradiation showed that miRNAs, belonging to the myomiR family, were highly differentially expressed in WBI and PBI mouse hearts compared with SI hearts. Raman spectral data collected 15 days and 6 months post-irradiation showed biochemical differences among SI, WBI and PBI mouse hearts. Fibrosis in WBI and PBI mouse hearts, indicated by the increased deposition of collagen and the overexpression of genes involved in myofibroblast activation, was found 6 months post-irradiation. Using an in vitro co-culture system, involving directly irradiated skeletal muscle and unirradiated ventricular cardiac human cells, we propose the role of miR-1/133a as mediators of the abscopal response, suggesting that miRNA-based strategies could be relevant for limiting tissue-dependent reactions in non-directly irradiated tissues.
Molecular Characterization of Kunitz-Type Protease Inhibitors from Blister Beetles (Coleoptera, Meloidae)

Protease inhibitors are widely studied since the unrestricted activity of proteases can cause extensive organ lesions. In particular, elastase activity is involved in the pathophysiology of acute lung injury, for example during SARS-CoV-2 infection, while serine proteases and thrombin-like proteases are involved in the development and/or pathology of the nervous system. Natural protease inhibitors have the advantage to be reversible and with few side effects and thus are increasingly considered as new drugs. Kunitz-type protease inhibitors (KTPIs), reported in the venom of various organisms, such as wasps, spiders, scorpions, and snakes, have been studied for their potent anticoagulant activity and widespread protease inhibitor activity. Putative KTPI anticoagulants have been identified in transcriptomic resources obtained for two blister beetle species, Lydus trimaculatus and Mylabris variabilis. The KTPIs of L. trimaculatus and M. variabilis were characterized by combined transcriptomic and bioinformatics methodologies. The full-length mRNA sequences were divided on the base of the sequence of the active sites of the putative proteins. In silico protein structure analyses of each group of translational products show the biochemical features of the active sites and the potential protease targets. Validation of these genes is the first step for considering these molecules as new drugs for use in medicine.
Finger-STS: Combined Proximity and Tactile Sensing for Robotic Manipulation

This paper introduces and develops novel touch sensing technologies that enable robots to better sense and react to to intermittent contact interactions. We present Finger-STS, a robotic finger embodiment of the See-Through-your-Skin (STS) sensor that can capture 1) an “in the hand” visual perspective of an object that is being manipulated and 2) a high resolution tactile imprint of the contact geometry. We demonstrate the value of the sensor on a Bead Maze task. Here the multimodal feedback provided by the Finger-STS is leveraged by a robot to locate a bead visually and to guide it across a wire in response to tactile cues, with no additional sensing or planning required. To achieve this, we introduce a set of relevant visuotactile operations using computer vision-based algorithms. In particular, we sense the proximity of the object relative to the sensor as well as the nature of contact as a high resolution stick/slip vector field tracking the object motion in the finger.
Unusual Association of NF-κB Components in Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) Promotes HSPG2-Mediated Immune-Escaping Mechanism in Breast Cancer

The cellular heterogeneity of the tumor environment of breast cancer (BC) is extremely complex and includes different actors such as neoplastic, stromal, and immunosuppressive cells, which contribute to the chemical and mechanical modification of the environment surrounding the tumor-exasperating immune-escaping mechanisms. In addition to molecular signals that make the tumor microenvironment (TME) unacceptable for the penetrance of the immune system, the physical properties of tumoral extracellular matrix (tECM) also have carved out a fundamental role in the processes of the protection of the tumor niche. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), with an M2 immunosuppressive phenotype, are important determinants for the establishment of a tumor phenotype excluded from T cells. NF-κB transcription factors orchestrate innate immunity and represent the common thread between inflammation and cancer. Many studies have focused on canonical activation of NF-κB; however, activation of non-canonical signaling predicts poor survival and resistance to therapy. In this scenario, we demonstrated the existence of an unusual association of NF-κB components in TAMs that determines the deposition of HSPG2 that affects the stiffness of tECM. These results highlight a new mechanism counterbalanced between physical factors and a new perspective of mechano-pathology to be targeted to counteract immune evasion in BC.
The Effects of Different Natural Plant Extracts on the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Roast Duck

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with high carcinogenicity and mutagenicity may be generated in roast duck during high-temperature roasting. Natural extracts with antioxidant effects may inhibit the formation of PAHs. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of green tea extract (GTE); extract of bamboo leaves (EBL); grape seed extract (GSE) and rosemary extract (RE) on PAHs in roast duck to obtain the optimum extract and present a guidance for reducing PAHs in roast duck. The total phenol content and antioxidant capacity of the four extracts were measured, and the PAH changes in the roast duck caused by the four extracts were detected. The total phenol content of GTE was the highest, 277 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, while RE was the lowest at 85 mg GAE/g. The antioxidant capacity of RE was 1.9 mmol Trolox/g, which was significantly lower than that of the other three. The four extracts inhibited PAHs formation in roast duck to varying degrees: When the concentration was 25 g/kg, the best inhibitory effects on Benzo [a] pyrene (BaP) and PAH4 (BaP, BaA, BbF and CHR) were obtained from GTE, with inhibition rates of 75.8% and 79.7%, respectively, while the weakest inhibition rates, 32.7% and 43.6%, respectively, were from RE.