Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Peroxide Acts as a Signaling Molecule for the Methyl Jasmonate-Induced Antioxidant Defense in Wheat Callus to Promote Enhanced Drought Tolerance

Drought stress is a major challenge in agriculture, causing severe loss of crops throughout the world. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) regulates a variety of plant developmental process and responds to many biotic and abiotic stresses. To explore the physiological mechanisms of drought stress mitigated by exogenous MeJA, we subjected callus of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to drought induced medium after pretreatment with 10 ml sterile solution that contained the following singly or in combinations: MeJA (0, 0.25, and 2.5µM) and the lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM; 0 and 0.5 mM) for 24 hours. The endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) content, activity of LOX, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, antioxidant enzymes activities, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), content of malondialdehyde (MDA), and cell viability were measured. The results showed that exogenous MeJA induced the activity of LOX and resulted in rapid increase in endogenous JA levels in a concentration-dependent manner; JA declined gradually after reaching its maximum. The level of H2O2 increased with increases in LOX activity and endogenous JA level, which are involved in the octadecanoid signaling pathway. However, SHAM inhibited the LOX activity, the endogenous JA level, and the accumulation of H2O2 in wheat callus. In addition, the activities of several antioxidant enzymes increased after MeJA-pretreatment, but this effect was also inhibited by SHAM. The cumulative results suggest that H2O2 was generated through the octadecanoid signaling pathway, and some antioxidant defense genes were provoked by the accumulation of H2O2. Therefore, we inferred that H2O2 might act as a signaling molecule for the MeJA-induced antioxidant defense. Drought stress can be improved by MeJA-pretreatment, leading to decrease in endogenous MDA and ROS contents, which are normally induced by drought conditions. Both drought stress and exogenous MeJA-pretreatment increased in LOX activity, endogenous JA level, and antioxidant enzymes. Combinatorial treatments showed an apparent synergistic effect on the activities of these antioxidant enzymes and resulted in improved cell viability. These results confirmed the hypothesis that H2O2 acts as a signaling molecule for the MeJA-induced antioxidant defense and could alleviate the negative effects of drought stress on wheat callus.
Treatment Patterns and Health Outcomes in Platinum-Refractory or Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective Medical Record Review

Objective The objective of this article is to describe real-world treatment patterns and outcomes in patients with platinum-refractory/resistant epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer (PRROC) in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada. Methods/Materials Physicians retrospectively reviewed medical records of women aged 18 years or older who were diagnosed with PRROC between January 2010 and June 2014. Patient characteristics, initial PRROC therapy, and health care utilization were assessed; progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were estimated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards methods. Results Data were obtained on 392 US, 296 UK, and 82 Canadian patients. At initial ovarian cancer diagnosis, 65.8% (United States), 93.3% (United Kingdom), and 82.9% (Canada) of patients had stage III/IV disease; 43.6%, 73.7%, and 56.1%, respectively, had high-grade tumors. At PRROC diagnosis, mean age was 57.2 years (United States), 59.2 years (United Kingdom), and 57.4 years (Canada). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 0/1 at PRROC diagnosis for 57.7% (United States), 80.1% (United Kingdom), and 36.6% (Canada) of patients. Most patients initiated systemic treatment after PRROC diagnosis (United States, 71.4%; United Kingdom, 83.1%; Canada, 81.7%). The most common initial PRROC therapy was pegylated liposomal doxorubicin monotherapy (United States, 18.6%; United Kingdom, 50.0%; Canada, 34.3%). During initial PRROC treatment, 80.7%, 59.8%, and 44.8% of patients had 1 office visit or more and 17.5%, 10.2%, and 14.9% of patients had 1 hospitalization or more in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada, respectively. Treatment toxicity was the most common reason for hospitalization (United States, 75.5%; United Kingdom, 64.0%; Canada, 80.0%). Median (95% confidence interval) PFS was 5.6 (4.9–6.2), 8.0 (6.8–9.2), and 6.4 (5.4–9.3) months in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. The Cox proportional hazards model showed that stage III/IV, high-grade tumors, and poorer performance status were associated with shorter survival. Conclusions Current treatments for PRROC yield limited PFS and frequent hospitalizations reported to be related to toxicities or procedural complications, suggesting a continued unmet need for more effective and tolerable therapeutic strategies for PRROC.
Robust OFDM Synchronization

A previous paper [5] presented techniques that allow compatibility with the existing 802.11a standard, and also provide a robust mode for protected communications. We demonstrated the advantages of remapping subcarriers over each symbol interval combined with applying a Fast Hadamard Transformation (FHT) prior to the application of an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to create the time domain OFDM waveform. The FHT operator reduced the average power spectral density. This technique, combined with Frequency Hopped (FH) subcarriers utilized the entire timefrequency space available within an OFDM system to improve the robustness to interference and reduce the signal detection probability. The 802.11a synchronization process is susceptible to jamming. We simulate an alternative synchronization pattern [1] to reduce the Packet Error Rate (PER) in the presence of jamming. Simulation results will be used to demonstrate the advantages of this synchronization method as compared to conventional 802.11a OFDM.
Complementary workflow for global phosphoproteome analysis

We described a workflow involving a combination of titanium dioxide (TiO2) enrichment, strong anion exchange (SAX), and strong cation exchange (SCX) fractionation for global phosphoproteome analysis. The workflow proposed TiO2‐based high efficient enrichment with optimum peptide‐to‐beads ratio prior to robust IEC fractionation. With the optimum peptide‐to‐beads ratio, offline TiO2 enrichment provides high selectivity and large sample loading capacity compared with online TiO2 chromatography. The eluate with highly enriched phosphopeptides is then subjected to online SAX and SCX fractionation coupled to RP‐LC‐MS/MS analysis. The identification of phosphopeptides from SAX, SCX, and flow‐through fractions showed high complementary features. Importantly, large amount of multiphosphopeptides could be recovered in SAX fractionations. In total, up to 5063 unique phosphosites were identified from 4557 unique phosphopeptides using 4‐mg HeLa cell lysate as the starting material.
xxxiii Competitive Mean-Squared Error Beamforming

Beamforming methods are used extensively in a variety of different areas, where one of their main goals is to estimate the source signal amplitude s(t) from the array observations y(t) = s(t)a + i(t) + e(t), t = 1,2,. , where a is the steering vector, i(t) is the interference, and e(t) is a Gaussian noise vector [1, 2]. To estimate s(t), we may use a beamformer with weights w so that s(t) = w*y(t), where s(t) is an estimate of s(t). To ensure that s(t) is close to s(t) in some sense, we may design the beamformer weights to minimize the MSE. However, since the MSE of a linear beamformer depends in general on the unknown signal power σ2, we cannot directly minimize the MSE. A possible approach is to minimize the MSE subject to a constraint on the beamformer that ensures that the MSE does not depend on σ, which, as we show below, results in the conventional Capon beamformer. However, this approach does not guarantee a small MSE, so that on average, the resulting estimate of s(t) may be far from s(t). Instead, it would be desirable to design a robust beamformer whose performance is reasonably good access all possible signal powers. In our work, we propose a minimax regret beamformer whose MSE is uniformly as close as possible to that of the optimal beamformer that knows σ2, for all possible values of σ2. Thus, we ensure that over a wide range power signal of values, our beamformer will result in a relatively low MSE. Specifically, the MSE corresponding to a beamformer w is (1) where R is the interference+noise covariance matrix, which is typically replaced by the sample covariance. Since σ2 is not known, we cannot choose an estimator to minimize the MSE directly. One approach is to force the term depending on σ2 to 0, and then minimize the MSE, i.e.,
Protein Kinase C (cid:1) -Induced p115RhoGEF Phosphorylation Signals Endothelial Cytoskeletal Rearrangement*

Heterotrimeric G-proteins of the G (cid:1) 12/13 family acti- vate Rho GTPase through the guanine nucleotide exchange factor p115RhoGEF. Because Rho activation is also dependent on protein kinase C (cid:1) (PKC (cid:1) ), we addressed the possibility that PKC (cid:1) can also induce Rho activation secondary to the phosphorylation of p115RhoGEF. Studies were made using human umbilical vein endothelial cells in which we addressed the mechanisms of PKC (cid:1) -induced Rho activation and its consequences on actin cytoskeletal changes. We observed that PKC (cid:1) associated with p115RhoGEF within 1 min of thrombin stimulation and p115RhoGEF phosphorylation was dependent on PKC (cid:1) . Inhibition of PKC (cid:1) dependent p115RhoGEF phosphorylation prevented the thrombin-induced Rho activation, indicating that the response occurred downstream of PKC (cid:1) phosphorylation of p115RhoGEF. The regulator of G-protein signaling domain of p115RhoGEF, a GTPase activating protein for G 12/13 , also prevented thrombin-induced Rho activa- tion, indicating the parallel requirement of G 12/13 in signaling Rho activation via p115RhoGEF. These data transfection (cid:1) we the per-meability via the G 12/13 pathway. our results the existence of another equally important parallel pathway activated by PKC (cid:1) that also p115RhoGEF function. We that p115RhoGEF within 1 min of thrombin stimulation. The phosphorylation of p115RhoGEF is mediated by PKC (cid:1) as is evident by the experiments employing the PKC (cid:1) inhibitor Go¨6976 and expression of the PKC (cid:1) mutant. PKC (cid:1) was to interact with p115RhoGEF after thrombin stimulation, implying that association of the two may be required for p115RhoGEF activation. We also show that PKC (cid:1) -dependent phosphorylation of p115RhoGEF plays an important in Rho
Improved physics-based permanent magnet synchronous machine model obtained from field computation

The physics-based phase variable model of permanent magnet synchronous machines is developed for the simulation study of machine control. The parameters of the physics-based phase variable model, inductances and flux linkages are calculated from the solutions of nonlinear FE computation covering a complete ac cycle to consider the geometry details, the rotor position, the armature currents, and the magnetization nonlinearity. In the previously developed model, the impact of the armature currents on inductances is ignored considering the fact that field of PM machines is dominated by permanent magnets. In the improved model, presented in this paper, the variation of inductances with the armature currents is evaluated and added to meet the demand from those control applications which require highly accurate inductances. In this paper, three issues associated with the development of the improved model are presented. First is the method used to describe the inductances variation with the armature currents. L(θ, id, iq) is used instead of L(θ, ia, ib, i[inc}) ; the reasons are thoroughly explained. Second is the verification of the improved model, given by the comparison of the improved model with the FE model. Third is the comparison between the previous model and the improved model, clarifying the validity of each model from the application point of view.
Results of coherent backscatter radar imaging using Capon's method and measurements made by the Sao Luis radar interferometer

Interferometric radar imaging of F-region spread F irregularities is used to determine the distribution of scatterers within the radar field of view. In this study, we investigate the use of the Capon's spectral method for estimating the distribution of equatorial spread F (ESF) irregularity structures observed by a small, low power coherent backscatter radar interferometer located at the equatorial site of Sao Luis (2.59°S, 44.21°W, -2.35° dip.), Brazil. To evaluate the performance of the method, we show numerical simulations for typical F-region measurement conditions. Results for the Fourier imaging method are also shown for comparison. The simulation shows that, despite the short baselines of the Sao Luis radar, the Capon technique is capable of distinguishing features with km scale sizes (in the zonal direction) at F-region heights. We also investigated the application of the Capon algorithm to actual measurements made by the Sao Luis radar, and obtained high resolution images of equatorial spread F (ESF) scattering structures. In this presentation, we will show results of the Capon images during different types of equatorial spread F events, and will compare the results with images obtained using the conventional Fourier method. As predicted by the numerical simulations, we are able to distinguish features of the scattering structures with resolution of a few km in the zonal direction. We have been able, in particular, to identify the morphology of scattering structures during bottom-type layers. Signatures of underlying deca-kilometric waves, similar to those observed by [3] and [7] were detected. The observations suggest the action of the so-called collisional shear instability.
2-(1H-Benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-(2-fluorobenzoyl)ethyl 4-methylbenzoate

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C23H18FN3O3, intermolecular C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains extended along the c axis. The packing is further stabilized by weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯F interactions. The F atom is disordered over two equally occupied 1- and 5-positions of the benzene ring.
INCOME DISPARITIES, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND DEVELOPMENT AS A THRESHOLD

Galor and Moav (2004) argue that in the early stages of development, physical capital accumulation is the primary source of economic growth. Thus, inequality enhances growth by channeling resources towards individuals whose marginal propensity to save is higher. In later stages of development, physical capital is replaced by human capital as the engine of growth. Accordingly, equality alleviates the adverse effects of credit constraints on human capital accumulation and prompts the growth process. This paper attempts to test empirically the finding that the impact of income inequality on economic growth depends on the development stage. A threshold estimation technique, developed by Hansen (1999), is utilized for a panel of 70 countries for the period between 1970 and 1999. The estimation suggests that there is a statistically significant threshold income per capita, below which the coefficient on the relationship between inequality and growth is significantly negative and above which the estimate is positive, but not statistically significant.
Selection of Important Metabolites Using a Bayesian Point Mass Prior

When the number of metabolites measured in an individual is greater than the number of individuals observed, identifying the key metabolites associated with a disease becomes complicated. In this project I use a zero-inflated Normal prior on the metabolite coefficients within a Bayesian hierarchical model. The posterior distributions of the coefficients in the model are computed using a Gibbs sampler, and important metabolites are identified. This method of using a point mass mixture prior is compared with the method of stochastic search variable selection. 1. Background 1.1 Metabolomics In the scientific exploration of the human body and its biological processes, metabolomics is the newest field of study following in the succession of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. According to Dr. Chris Beecher, “The measurement of well-characterized, relevant biochemicals allows a specific and easily interpretable view of cellular activity . Control of biochemical concentrations may be viewed as the sole reason for all the machinations that occur at more complex levels: DNA, RNA, and proteins. Thus metabolomics may be the best and most direct measure of cellular physiology. ” Beecher (2002). Understanding which metabolites are correlated with a disease could provide insight into the mechanism of the disease. Biologists currently working in metabolomics use dendrogramatic clustering and principal component analysis in comparing the similarity of metabolite profiles to those of known factor mutations in order to deduce where in metabolism mutations act. No Bayesian methods have yet been applied to metabolomic datasets. 1.2 Dataset Measurements of 317 metabolites for 63 individuals were taken using mass spectrometry. Of the 63 individuals, 30 are afflicted with a certain rare disease (ALS) while 33 do not have the disease. Many of the metabolites in the dataset show large variation, and there are many outlying values as well as missing values. To insure that the size of the coefficients for the variables in the model
Trade impact of European measures on GMOs condemned by the WTO panel

In May 2003, the United States, Canada and Argentina launched a World Trade Organization (WTO) case against the European Union concerning its authorization regime for genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The complainants challenged three types of measures: (i) an alleged general moratorium on the approval of GMOs; (ii) delays in the processing of product-specific applications; (iii) national safeguard measures adopted by certain Member States banning the marketing of certain genetically modified products. In November 2006, the WTO condemned the European regime. Using the most recent advances in gravity equation, we estimate the reduction in exports of potentially affected products from the complainants to the European Union. Export losses are calculated by product, complainant country and measure at stake. Our results tend to confirm the foundations of the dispute: the European moratorium and product-specific measures have a negative effect on trade, as do safeguard measures adopted by Germany, Italy and Greece.
Digital Object Identifiers for scientific data

The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a system for identifying content objects in the digital environment. DOIs are names assigned to any entity for use on Internet digital networks. Scientific data sets may be identified by DOIs, and several efforts are now underway in this area. This paper outlines the underlying architecture of the DOI system, and two such efforts which are applying DOIs to content objects of scientific data.
Pharmacological treatment of post-anesthetic shivering: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Shivering is one of the most common unpleasant complications in the postoperative period. Many clinical trials have been published and revealed various efficacious drugs for the treatment of postanesthetic shivering. Objective: To perform an updated quantitative review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studying efficacy of pharmacological treatment of post-anesthetic shivering. Methods: We initiated a systematic search for original articles of randomized, controlled studies of drugs for postanesthetic shivering. Reports were appraised, and binary data of shivering within 15 minutes after treatment were extracted. Relative risk (RR) and the number-needed-to-treat (NNT) were subsequently analyzed and then reported with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The efficacy of anti-shivering drugs was analyzed by using data from 32 RCTs. Meperidine 25 to 50 mg, tramadol 0.5 to 1 mg/kg, clonidine 30 to 150 μg, ketanserin 10 mg, doxapram 25 to 100 mg, and nalbuphine 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg, reported in at least two trials, were significantly more effective than placebo within 15 minutes after treatment. The NNT of meperidine 25 to 50 mg was 1.39, of tramadol 0.5 to 1 mg/kg was 1.56, of ketanserin 10 mg was 2.44, of doxapram 25 to 100 mg was 1.82, and of nalbuphine 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg was 1.75. The efficacy of tramadol 0.5 to 1 mg/kg was not significantly different from meperidine 0.5 mg/kg (25 mg) at 15 minutes of observation (p = 0.34). Moreover, clonidine 30 to 150 μg was more effective in treating tremor than placebo, with the NNT of 1.43. Studies in efficacy of alfentanil, magnesium sulfate, fentanyl, ondansetron, nefopam, pentazocine, urapidil, morphine, lignocaine, metamizol, and butorphanol, were inadequate for quantitative analysis. Conclusion: Meperidine 25 to 50 mg, tramadol 0.5 to 1 mg/kg, clonidine 30 to 150 μg, doxapram 25 to 100 mg, ketanserin 10 mg, and nalbuphine 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg can effectively treat postanesthestic shivering within 15 minutes. Tramadol 0.5 to 1 mg was found to a be good alternative compared to meperidine 25 to 50 mg. Side effects of treatments were mild and treatable.
The Drosophila ACP65A cuticle gene: Deletion scanning analysis of cis‐regulatory sequences and regulation by DHR38

The regulatory sequences of the Drosophila ACP65A cuticle gene were analyzed in vivo in transgenic flies, using both fusion genes constructs and transposase‐mediated deletions within a P element containing ACP65A regulatory sequences fused to the lacZ gene (deletion scanning). The sequences located between −594 and +161 are sufficient to confer both temporal and spatial expression specificities, indicating the presence of tissue‐specific enhancers and response elements to hormone‐induced factors. In addition, timing of expression and tissue‐specificity appear to be controlled by distinct cis‐regulatory elements, which suggests the existence of independent hormonal and tissue‐specific signaling pathways. Gain and loss of function studies also implicate DHR38, the Drosophila homolog of the vertebrate NGFI‐B‐type nuclear receptors, as an important activator of the ACP65A gene. genesis 43:17–27, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An internal 5'-noncoding region required for translation of poliovirus RNA in vitro

A truncated poliovirus RNA that contains the entire 5'-noncoding region as well as some capsid protein-coding sequences was produced from cloned cDNA inserted into an SP6 transcription vector and subsequently was translated in a mixed rabbit reticulocyte-HeLa cell lysate. Deletions or modifications of regions of the 5'-noncoding sequences had significant effects upon the efficiency of translation. The presence of a 60-nucleotide sequence located at positions 567 to 627 appeared to be essential for active ribosome binding and translation of this uncapped RNA.
Dynamic analysis of permanent magnet stepper motor with asymetric stator

Permanent magnet stepper motors are being applied as digital actuators for long time. This paper presents a simulation and dynamic analysis of a special type of two-phase permanent magnet stepper motor with the asymmetric stator. The measurement on the motor prototype reveals irregular step size for the half-stepping mode. Therefore, the model of the motor was built and several experiments were run to analyze its dynamic behavior. A simulation was used to find appropriate stator dimension arrangement to achieve regular step size. The results of position and torque simulation are presented for original and modified stator dimensions.