Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revealing complexities within flat-water kayaking: injury prevention and biomechanical analysis

iii Declaration . v Acknowledgements . vii Table of contents . ix List of scientific outputs from this thesis . xiv List of figures in this thesis . xv List of tables in this thesis . xviii List of abbreviations . xix General phrases . xix Measurements . xx Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 History of paddling . 1 International landscape of flat-water paddling . 1 The kayak stroke . 2 Paddle force: magnitude, timing and direction . 3 Muscle recruitment patterns during kayaking . 6 Strength training . 7 Shoulder injuries . 9 Conclusion: Holistic approach to kayaking performance . 10 Research questions and hypotheses . 11 Question 1 (Study 1) . 11 Question 2 (Study 2) . 11 Question 3 (Study 3) . 12 Question 4 (Study 3) . 13 Question 5 (Study 3) . 13 Chapter 2: Addressing intrinsic risk factors for shoulder injuries in paddlers 15
Large-eddy-simulation of turbulent buoyant flow and conjugate heat transfer in a cubic cavity with fin ribbed radiators

Abstract Turbulent convective flow in a cubic cavity is a fundamental model observed in various processes that appeared in environmental and industrial applications. The turbulent fluctuations in the flow field, fluid-solid interaction/coupling, and the transient nature of the problem make it challenging to establish numerical modeling. The turbulent flow and convective heat transfer in a cubic cavity fixed with three fins are studied here. The numerical solutions are obtained through large-eddy simulation with Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model combined with conjugate heat transfer to incorporate temperature distribution in solid fins. The upper and lower walls of the enclosure are differently heated, while the lateral walls are adiabatic, and equally spaced conductive fins are located at the bottom surface. The solutions are initially compared with the numerical and experimental results for validation purposes. Successively, the model is applied to explore the impact of a material (copper) that makes up the horizontal wall on the flow field. We found that the heat transfer essentially alters the turbulent field, and the flow field becomes less homogeneous along the vertical direction. A number of streaky and coherent turbulent structures are found with varying magnitudes. The Q-criterion, second-invariant of the velocity-gradient tensor, predicted that strong vortices occur near the fins and in the surrounding regions of the cavity. Moreover, the energy (entropy) spectral, which plays a crucial role in engineering applications and turbulent theory, is also presented, showing the contribution of each frequency component to the velocity (temperature) variance at a given point. The velocity and temperature fields are found to be anti-symmetric, except close to the front and back walls. The major cause for this is the conducting bottom and fins, which produces thermal stratification in the cavity. The conducting bottom induces the locally unstable thermal stratification in the vicinity of the wall, which intensifies the turbulence as the flow advances toward the temperature-controlled boundaries. Further, the turbulent exchange in the central region is more responsible for the heat transfer than convection that occurs due to the differentially heated walls.
Evaluating group degree centrality and centralization in networks

Given a network G , the importance of groups can be modeled by group centrality measures. Freeman’s centralization is a way to normalize any given centrality or group centrality measure, which enables us to compare individuals or groups from different networks. We focus on a degree-based measure of group centrality and centralization, presented by Krnc and Škrekovski (2020). We describe its efﬁcient implementation and study the behaviour of various real-world networks within this context. We conclude that very small groups, as well as very big ones, are not very central, i.e. as the group is growing, its value is increasing but, at some point it starts decreasing. Such unimodular behaviour is conﬁrmed by our analysis of of group degree centralization of six real-world networks. At the end, we provide some challenges for future work.
Multidisciplinary obesity treatment: Ten considerations from a mental health perspective

DOI: 10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2022. 007 Global prevalence of overweight and obesity has doubled since 1980, with a third of the worldwide population currently classified as overweight or obese. Research on weight control care in various Latin American countries shows that health systems are ill-equipped to address obesity. Gaps include the absence of quality guidelines for evaluation and treatment, inadequate professional training, and financial constraints to access health services due to marked inequalities among the population (Arora et al., 2019). The purpose of this editorial is to express our adherence to the “ROOTS” position of the World Obesity Federation, which recognizes obesity as a syndemic, in which biological, psychological, and social factors interact (Swinburn et al., 2019). We also support the position of Mexican health professionals, which lists actions for its approach and treatment (Barquera et al., 2022). In addition, we issue the following mental health considerations for health professionals involved in obesity treatment:
Reinforced Ice and Ice Domes: Opportunities for the North*

It is suggested that reinforced ice domes in spans up to 100–150 metres and constructed by spraying water onto a spherical inflatable membrane could be economic solutions for constructing temporary enclosures in cold regions. The feasibility and practicability of such a novel and economical erection/construction technique has been demonstrated at The University of Calgary by constructing small-scale model ice domes and testing them until failure. Details of this erection technique, properties of the reinforcement (spun fibreglass yarn) and the load-deflection-time behaviour of the model domes are described. The first part of the paper gives some results on the short-duration load and creep response of unreinforced and reinforced ice samples, including shear. pull-out/bond and tensile strength. The results indicate that such fibreglass yarn reinforcement does not enhance the shear strength of ice but does inhibit initiation and propagation of cracking and thereby increase the ultimate tensile strength of the composite.
Bank Competition, Combination of Industry and Finance, and Enterprise Innovation: Evidence from China

Bank competition promotes enterprises to obtain credit funds through market mechanisms, and a combination of industry and finance (CIF) has an important influence on establishing bank-enterprise relationship. Based on data of 2,245 manufacturing enterprises and branches of commercial banks in China from 2007 to 2019, this research establishes a moderated mediation model to verify whether CIF has a moderating effect on bank competition on enterprise innovation. The results are as follows. First, bank competition can both directly and indirectly promote enterprise innovation by alleviating financing constraints. Second, CIF has no moderating effect on the direct effect of bank competition on enterprise innovation but has a negative moderating effect on the first half of mediating effect.
Understanding historical earthquakes by mapping coseismic landslides in the Loess Plateau, northwest China

Locating the epicenters and quantifying the magnitudes of historical earthquakes are important, yet difficult, tasks. These tasks often entail estimating seismic intensities based on written documentation, which suffers from biases and uncertainties that are difficult to evaluate. However, past strong earthquakes may trigger numerous landslides that remain in the landscape to the present day, whose number and distribution are correlated with the magnitude and location of the earthquakes. Thus, mapping historical coseismic landslides may provide a useful tool for re‐evaluating the magnitudes of historical earthquakes. We use remote sensing images to map landslides in the southern Loess Plateau, China. We suggested that c. 5000 preserved landslides are related to the 734 ce Tianshui earthquake. These landslides are densely distributed along a c. 70‐km‐long section of the West Qinling Fault. Based on the assumption that the length of the zone in which substantial landslides occurred is equal to the fault rupture length, we estimated a Mw of 7.2 for the 734 ce Tianshui event, which is similar to previous estimates (Mw = 6.8–7.5). We confirmed that the 1920 ce Haiyuan, 1718 ce Tongwei, and 1654 ce Lixian earthquakes did not contribute to the historical landslides observed in the study area by combination of the mapping and Chinese related literature. We estimated an Mw of 7.0 for the 1654 ce Lixian earthquake, which is lower than previous estimates (Mw = 8.0). We suggest that coseismic landslide of medium and large sizes with areas > 104 m2 can be used as a criterion to locating and quantifying historical earthquakes, thereby reducing uncertainties in the estimated magnitudes of historical earthquakes that lack instrument records.
ONERA-DLR Joint Research on Tactile Cueing for Reactive Obstacle Avoidance dedicated to Low Speed Helicopter Maneuvers

In the framework of their long-term cooperation in the field of rotorcraft research and technology, DLR and ONERA are sharing their complementary activities in the area of tactile cueing with active sidesticks for obstacle avoidance in the low speed flight speed domain for helicopters. The purpose of the haptic feedback is to provide the pilot with assistance regarding the avoidance of the obstacles in the vicinity of the helicopter, which could either be overlooked because of degraded visual environment or due to high workload: although being fully aware of their existence, some highly stressful and/or demanding piloting situations can lead to a wrong appreciation of the relative distances between the helicopter elements (in particular for configurations where the pilot can hardly see the rotor blades) and the surrounding buildings, cliffs, walls, etc. A joint-team collected requirements and defined plausible use-cases for later evaluation in piloted simulation. Each partner developed a function with the objective to calculate and provide efficient haptic feedback through active sidesticks for the piloting task of a helicopter. The paper will gather and present the different approaches, algorithms and cueing forces used. The first of qualitative pilot assessment will be presented.
The Effect of Think-Pair-Share Strategy on The Eighth Grade Students’ Descriptive Text Reading Comprehension Achievement at Junior High School

: This research was aimed at finding whether there was an effect of the Think-Pair-Share Strategy on the eighth-grade students’ descriptive text reading comprehension achievement at Junior High School. The design used was a quasi-experimental research with a post-test only. The experimental group was given the TPS strategy, while the control group was given the question and answer strategy as their teaching strategy. In the end, post-test was given to both groups and the data was analyzed using the independent sample t-test with a 5% significance level by using SPSS software. The sig (2-tailed) was 0.010 which is less than 0.05 with 95% of the significance level. The null hypothesis was rejected; thus, there was a significant effect of TPS strategy on students’ reading comprehension. The English teachers were suggested to use the TPS strategy as the strategy in reading comprehension class since it could stimulate students to work together to understand the text better and to motivate them to be more active in the reading class.
City-Wide NB-IoT Network Monitoring and Diagnosing

NarrowBand-IoT (NB-IoT) is a radio-access technology standardized by 3GPP to support a large set of use cases associated with the rapid deployment of massive machine-type communications. NB-IoT facilitates the connection of devices in inaccessible areas, extends battery life, and reduces device complexity. Unfortunately, the opacity of the underlying schema (i.e., the way that these benefits are achieved) makes it very difficult for most users and developers to manage deployment scenarios. In this study, we built an embedded system comprising a Raspberry Pi with an NB module, referred to as NBPilot, which interacts with NB networks to identify essential signaling messages transmitted by a Qualcomm NB modem. This system gives researchers and developers an unprecedented understanding of network behavior as well as the ability to adjust them to their particular requirements. We employed the-state-of-the-art machine learning techniques for modeling and the analysis of NB performance. The efficacy of the proposed NBPilot system was established by applying it to a metropolitan NB-IoT network with over 2,000 NB sites for the collection and testing of data trace as well as the validation of a cellular station prior to going online. The developed machine learning techniques predict the actual performance (rate, delay, and power consumption) of the user equipment’s connection against the QoS advertised by the operator and pinpoint the affecting factors.
PERANCANGAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI PROTOTYPE SISTEM GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM) DAN SMS GATEWAY PADA PENCARIAN KENDARAAN BERMOTOR BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO

Saat ini semakin marak terjadi pencurian kendaraan bermotor. Hal ini dikarenakan oleh minimnya tingkat keamanan yang ada pada kendaraan bermotor, khususnya kendaraan bermotor roda dua. Tujuan utama pembuatan alat ini adalah untuk melacak posisi kendaraan sehingga pemilik dapat mengetahui lokasi kendaraan tersebut dan secara bersamaan memberhentikan mesin motor menggunakan relay dalam bentuk simulasi. Alat ini memanfaatkan teknologi GPS ( Global Positioning System) , Arduino dan Smartphone Android. GPS berfungsi untuk memberikan posisi dimana kendaraan berada. Arduino berfungsi sebagai pusat pengontrolan dari alat ini dimana Arduino Uno mengontrol dan menyimpan segala perintah yang akan dijalankan oleh GPS Shield dan GSM Shield . Masukan dari sistem ini adalah GPS Shield yang berfungsi menangkap titik koordinat letak kendaraan berada dan GSM Shield yang berfungsi untuk mengirimkan dan menerima SMS yang berisikan titik koordinat dan kemudian hasil input -an dari kedua komponen tersebut diolah dalam mikrokontroler. Kemudian mikrokontroler memerintahkan dinamo untuk mematikan mesin. Alat ini diharapkan dapat membantu mengurangi tingkat pencurian motor. Kata kunci — Kendaraan Bermotor, Mikrokontroler, Arduino, GPS Shield , GSM Shield .
Experimental and molecular dynamics simulation investigation on filler reinforcement for property enhancement of PU composites

Abstract The effect of filler modification on polyurethane (PU) properties was investigated by experimental and molecular dynamics simulation. Ultra-thin wearing course (PUTWC) was prepared using PU composite as a binder. The results indicated that, compared with composite with mineral powder, the tensile strength and elongation at break of PU composite (PUNC) containing CaCO3 increased by 32.7% and 15.8%, also exposed an appropriate viscosity. Stronger interaction energy and smaller free volume distribution existed in PUNC interface, which was obviously related to the PU soft segment. Additionally, prepared PUTWC using the single-layer paving method and PUNC of 1 kg. (m2)−1 showed high-skid resistance.
MAC based model to Differentiate Flash crowd and Malicious traffic in SDN

The nature of computer network flash crowd traffic, which is generated by legitimate users accessing servers or other network resources are similar to the traffic generated by Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) like attacks. With advancement in spoof packet generation tools, attacker may generate Multi-source Multi-destination Multi-protocol (MMM) traffic; characteristics of such traffic are very similar to on-going genuine/ flash crowd traffic in the network. In the case of Software Defined Network (SDN), attacker’s target is controller plane. Controller plane in SDN is a centralized processing unit of the underlying network, which manages several data planes. Controller plane frames the policies and pushes forwarding rules to the data planes. Data planes just maintain the forwarding rules. Thus by overloading the SDN controller, functionality of complete computer network will be hampered. In this paper, we have proposed Media Access Control (MAC) address based Model to Differentiate Flash crowd and Malicious traffic in SDN (MDFMS). Novelty of the proposed model is to detect, locate and mitigate the source of Traditional DDoS (T-DDoS) and MMMDDoS traffic. MDFSM has been implemented on separate machine to avoid any additional computing load on SDN controller. It also preserves the original design of the SDN architecture. Proposed model has been evaluated under various scenarios and encouraging results have been obtained to differentiate T-DDoS and MMM-DDoS from benign flash crowd traffic.
N-P-N Bipolar Action in Junctionless Nanowire TFET: Physical Operation of a Modified Current Mechanism for Low Power Applications

In this paper we study the device physics of a technique for realizing an n-p-n bipolar transistor action in the source side of a junctionless nanowire tunneling FET (BJN-TFET). In the on-state, tunneling of electrons from valence band of the source to conduction band of the channel enhances the hole concentration as well as the potential in the source region which drives a built-in BJT transistor by forward biasing the base-emitter junction, with the source acting as a p-type region. Owing to the sharp switching of the JN-TFET and high BJT current gain, the overall performance is improved, including favorable high on-state current (2.17*10-6 A/um), and sub 60 mV/dec subthreshold swing (~ 50 mV/dec) at low supply voltages. This approach modifies the current mechanism owning to the triggered BJT and makes the proposed structure more attractive for scaling requirements in future low power application.
Robust Adamantane-Based Membranes with Enhanced Conductivity for Vanadium Flow Battery Application

Membranes with high conductivity, high selectivity, and high stability are urgently needed for high-power-density vanadium flow batteries (VFBs). Enhancing membrane conductivity presents many challenges, often resulting in sacrificing membrane selectivity and mechanical strength. To overcome this, new robust adamantane-based membranes with enhanced conductivity are constructed for VFB. Low-content basic piperazine (IEC = 0.78 mmol g−1) and hydrophilic hydroxyl groups are introduced into highly rigid, hydrophobic adamantane containing poly(aryl ether ketone) backbone (PAPEK) and then selectively swelled to induce microphase separation and form ion transport pathways. The highly rigid and hydrophobic PAPEK exhibits high swelling resistance and provides the membranes with slight swelling, high selectivity, and high mechanical strength. The selective swelling temperature has a significant influence on the areal resistance of the resulting membrane, e.g., the PAPEK-130 membrane, when selectively swelled at 130 °C, has low areal resistance (0.22 Ω∙cm2), which is approximately two-fifths that of the PAEKK-60 membrane (treated at 60 °C, 0.57 Ω∙cm2). Consequently, the resulting PAPEK membranes exhibit low swelling, high selectivity, and low areal resistance, with the VFB constructed with a PAPEK-90 membrane exhibiting excellent energy efficiency (91.7%, at 80 mA∙cm−2, and 80.0% at 240 mA∙cm−2) and stable cycling performance for 2000 cycles.
ONJ (MRONJ) Update 2021—Osteonecrosis of Jaw Related to Bisphosphonates and Other Drugs—Prevention, Diagnosis, Pharmacovigilance, Treatment: A 2021 Web Event

On the 8th and 9th of May 2021, an online conference was organized to connect Italian physicians, dentists and oral care specialists, students, nurses, psychologists, dental hygiene experts, and other professionals to discuss controversial issues about Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of Jaw (MRONJ). The first section evaluated differences between Italian recommendations, released on 2020 by Italian Societies of Oral Pathology and Medicine (SIPMO) and Maxillofacial Surgery (SICMF), and other international practice guidelines or documents. A first round table gathered expert opinions about MRONJ definitions and staging systems. Another round table was dedicated to opinion of drug prescribers (oncologists, hematologists, rheumatologists, and other physicians treating osteoporosis). Educational sessions illustrated the main differences between previous (2013) and more recent (2020) Italian recommendations. A large space was dedicated to the presentation of scientific contributions from centers in Italy, divided in specific sessions (epidemiology; case series; special case reports; prevention experiences; MRONJ treatment). Conclusions: in an innovative web conference, talks and scientific reports underlined importance of adequate imaging study of bone in definition and staging of MRONJ cases, the role of surgery in treatment of the disease, and the value of oral hygiene in the prevention.
Integrating and Evaluating Interdisciplinary Sustainability and STEM Curriculum in Geographical Education: A Case of Three Teaching Modalities

Abstract The effectiveness of interdisciplinary sustainability curriculum remains understudied in geography education. Accordingly, we deployed and evaluated an interdisciplinary sustainability and STEM module for in-person and online sections of a fall 2018 Human Geography course. Results indicate that sustainability knowledge improved after the interdisciplinary curricular intervention irrespective of course modality. Another focus is to explore student reactions to teaching modality due to COVID-19 disruptions. Results indicate that online student sustainability knowledge also improved during COVID-19 (fall 2020). For students in a section converted from in-person to blended, sustainability knowledge did not improve. Implications are provided.
Women's Judicial Representation in Haiti: Unintended Gains of State-Building Efforts

Abstract Although women's representation in Haiti is generally very low, the number of women judges has increased since the demise of authoritarianism and violent conflict in the 1990s. This case study explores why. I find that “gender-neutral” judicial reforms aimed at strengthening the judiciary have done more for women's judicial representation than explicitly gender-targeted policies, which still lack implementation. Donor-supported reforms have introduced more merit-based and transparent appointment procedures for magistrates (judges and public prosecutors) based on competitive examinations. This has helped women circumvent the largely male power networks that previously excluded them from the judiciary. The judiciary remains understudied in the scholarship on women's access to decision-making in fragile and conflict-affected societies; this article contributes to this emerging literature.