Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Loss Decomposition and Centroid Estimation for Positive and Unlabeled Learning

This paper studies Positive and Unlabeled learning (PU learning), of which the target is to build a binary classifier where only positive data and unlabeled data are available for classifier training. To deal with the absence of negative training data, we first regard all unlabeled data as negative examples with false negative labels, and then convert PU learning into the risk minimization problem in the presence of such one-side label noise. Specifically, we propose a novel PU learning algorithm dubbed “Loss Decomposition and Centroid Estimation” (LDCE). By decomposing the loss function of corrupted negative examples into two parts, we show that only the second part is affected by the noisy labels. Thereby, we may estimate the centroid of corrupted negative set via an unbiased way to reduce the adverse impact of such label noise. Furthermore, we propose the “Kernelized LDCE” (KLDCE) by introducing the kernel trick, and show that KLDCE can be easily solved by combining Alternative Convex Search (ACS) and Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO). Theoretically, we derive the generalization error bound which suggests that the generalization risk of our model converges to the empirical risk with the order of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(1/\sqrt{k}+1/\sqrt{n-k}+1/\sqrt{n})$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="script">O</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:msqrt><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="gong-ieq1-2941684.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="gong-ieq2-2941684.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="gong-ieq3-2941684.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> are the amounts of training data and positive data correspondingly). Experimentally, we conduct intensive experiments on synthetic dataset, UCI benchmark datasets and real-world datasets, and the results demonstrate that our approaches (LDCE and KLDCE) achieve the top-level performance when compared with both classic and state-of-the-art PU learning methods.
Which factors are associated with length of stay in older patients with acute decompensated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction?: AURORA study

In heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), it is unclear which factors on admission are correlated with long stays. In contrast, acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) in older patients is associated with a high risk of a long stay. To manage older ADHF patients with HFpEF, it is important to reveal the risk factors for a long stay on admission.
Quality and Safety of Pediatric Inpatient Care in Community Hospitals: A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND Although the majority of children are hospitalized in nonchildren's hospitals, little is known about the quality and safety of pediatric care in community hospitals. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping review and synthesize literature on the quality and safety of pediatric inpatient care in United States community hospitals. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search in October 2016 to identify pediatric studies that reported on safety, effectiveness, efficiency, timeliness, patient-centeredness, or equity set in general, nonuniversity, or nonchildren's hospitals. We extracted data on study design, patient descriptors, and quality outcomes and assessed the risk of bias using modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scales. RESULTS A total of 44 articles met the inclusion criteria. Study designs, patient populations, and quality outcome measures were heterogeneous; only three clinical domains, (1) perinatal regionalization, (2) telemedicine, and (3) imaging radiation, were explored in multiple studies with consistent directionality of results. A total of 30 studies were observational, and 22 studies compared community hospital quality outcomes with other hospital types. The remaining 14 studies reported testing of interventions; 12 showed improved quality of care postintervention. All studies reported an outcome addressing safety, effectiveness, or efficiency, whereas timeliness, patient-centeredness, and equity were infrequently addressed. Risk of bias was moderate or high for 72% of studies. CONCLUSIONS Literature on the inpatient care of children in community hospitals is limited, making it difficult to evaluate healthcare quality. Measures of timeliness, patient-centeredness, and equity are underrepresented. The field would benefit from more multicenter collaborations to facilitate the application of robust study designs and to enable a systematic assessment of individual interventions and community hospital quality outcomes.
A method for identifying allele-specific hydroxymethylation

ABSTRACT We previously identified sequence-dependent allele-specific methylation (sd-ASM) in adult human peripheral blood leukocytes, in which ASM occurs in cis depending on adjacent polymorphic sequences. A number of groups have identified sd-ASM sites in the human and mouse genomes, illustrating the prevalence of sd-ASM in mammalian genomes. In addition, sd-ASM can lead to sequence-dependent allele-specific expression of neighbouring genes. Imprinted genes also often exhibit parent-of-origin–dependent allele-specific methylation (pd-ASM), which causes parent-of-origin–dependent allele-specific expression. However, whether most of the already known sd-ASM and pd-ASM sites are methylated or hydroxymethylated remains unclear due to technical restrictions. Accordingly, a novel method that enables examination of allelic methylation and hydroxymethylation status and also overcomes the drawbacks of conventional methods is needed. Such a method could also be used to elucidate the mechanisms underlying polymorphism-associated inter-individual differences in disease susceptibility and the mechanism of genomic imprinting. Here, we developed a simple method to determine allelic hydroxymethylation status and identified novel sequence- and parent-of-origin–dependent allele-specific hydroxymethylation sites. Correlation analyses of TF binding sequences and methylation or hydroxymethylation between three mouse strains revealed the involvement of Pax5 in strain-specific methylation and hydroxymethylation in exon 7 of Pdgfrb.
Measures of the Benefit of Direct Encoding of Data Deltas for Data Pair Relation Perception

The power of data visualization is not to convey absolute values of individual data points, but to allow the exploration of relations (increases or decreases in a data value) among them. One approach to highlighting these relations is to explicitly encode the numeric differences (deltas) between data values. Because this approach removes the context of the individual data values, it is important to measure how much of a performance improvement it actually offers, especially across differences in encodings and tasks, to ensure that it is worth adding to a visualization design. Across 3 different tasks, we measured the increase in visual processing efficiency for judging the relations between pairs of data values, from when only the values were shown, to when the deltas between the values were explicitly encoded, across position and length visual feature encodings (and slope encodings in Experiments 1 & 2). In Experiment 1, the participant's task was to locate a pair of data values with a given relation (e.g., Find the ‘small bar to the left of a tall bar’ pair) among pairs of the opposite relation, and we measured processing efficiency from the increase in response times as the number of pairs increased. In Experiment 2, the task was to judge which of two relation types was more prevalent in a briefly presented display of 10 data pairs (e.g., Are there more ‘small bar to the left of a tall bar’ pairs or more ‘tall bar to the left of a small bar’ pairs? ). In the final experiment, the task was to estimate the average delta within a briefly presented display of 6 data pairs (e.g., What is the average bar height difference across all ‘small bar to the left of a tall bar’ pairs? ). Across all three experiments, visual processing of relations between data value pairs was significantly better when directly encoded as deltas rather than implicitly between individual data points, and varied substantially depending on the task (improvement ranged from 25% to 95%). Considering the ubiquity of bar charts and dot plots, relation perception for individual data values is highly inefficient, and confirms the need for alternative designs that provide not only absolute values, but also direct encoding of critical relationships between those values.
DNA Damage Changes Distribution Pattern and Levels of HP1 Protein Isoforms in the Nucleolus and Increases Phosphorylation of HP1β-Ser88

The family of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) isoforms is essential for chromatin packaging, regulation of gene expression, and repair of damaged DNA. Here we document that γ-radiation reduced the number of HP1α-positive foci, but not HP1β and HP1γ foci, located in the vicinity of the fibrillarin-positive region of the nucleolus. The additional analysis confirmed that γ-radiation has the ability to significantly decrease the level of HP1α in rDNA promoter and rDNA encoding 28S rRNA. By mass spectrometry, we showed that treatment by γ-rays enhanced the HP1β serine 88 phosphorylation (S88ph), but other analyzed modifications of HP1β, including S161ph/Y163ph, S171ph, and S174ph, were not changed in cells exposed to γ-rays or treated by the HDAC inhibitor (HDACi). Interestingly, a combination of HDACi and γ-radiation increased the level of HP1α and HP1γ. The level of HP1β remained identical before and after the HDACi/γ-rays treatment, but HDACi strengthened HP1β interaction with the KRAB-associated protein 1 (KAP1) protein. Conversely, HP1γ did not interact with KAP1, although approximately 40% of HP1γ foci co-localized with accumulated KAP1. Especially HP1γ foci at the periphery of nucleoli were mostly absent of KAP1. Together, DNA damage changed the morphology, levels, and interaction properties of HP1 isoforms. Also, γ-irradiation-induced hyperphosphorylation of the HP1β protein; thus, HP1β-S88ph could be considered as an important marker of DNA damage.
CARACTERÍSTICAS CLÍNICAS Y EPIDEMIOLÓGICAS DE LA EQUINOCOCOSIS QUÍSTICA REGISTRADAS EN UN ÁREA ENDÉMICA EN LOS ANDES CENTRALES DEL PERÚ (1991–2002)*

La equinococosis por Echinococcus granulosus es un problema de salud pública en el Perú. El objetivo delestudio fue describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los casos de equinococosis quística diagnosticados entre 1991 y 2002, en el departamento de Junín en los andes centrales. Estudio observacional, diseño serie de casos histórica. Revisamos las historias clínicas en los hospitales de Junín para identificar a los que cumplieron con la definición de caso probable y confirmado. Encontramos 1100 casos, el promedio de edad fue 29,2 ± DE 18,3 años, 80,5 % (886) son confirmados. La enfermedad fue más frecuente en las mujeres (p = 0,000022) y en los que no habían completado la primaria (p= 0,001083). De toda la serie, 403 (36,7 %) casos fueron del grupo de 5 a 19 años. Tenían el antecedente de exposición a perros 52,8 % (581) casos y 20,9 % (230) casos criaron otros animales. En los casos confirmados la readmisión hospitalaria fue 14,2 % (126). En 46,5 % (412) casos la localización fue pulmonar y hepática en 37,4 % (331) casos. En Junín se detectó 951 (86,5 %) casos y en Huancavelica 92 (8,4 %) casos, en la provincia de Huancayo (Junín) se halló 438 (39,8 %) casos y 129 (11,7 %) casos en el distrito de El Tambo. La equinococosis quística en Junín es un serio problema de salud pública, afecta más a mujeres y jóvenes. La localización predominante es pulmonar y la tasa de readmisión hospitalaria es una de las más altas en América Latina.
Characterization of Binding of Magnetic Nanoparticles to Rolling Circle Amplification Products by Turn-On Magnetic Assay

The specific binding of oligonucleotide-tagged 100 nm magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to rolling circle products (RCPs) is investigated using our newly developed differential homogenous magnetic assay (DHMA). The DHMA measures ac magnetic susceptibility from a test and a control samples simultaneously and eliminates magnetic background signal. Therefore, the DHMA can reveal details of binding kinetics of magnetic nanoparticles at very low concentrations of RCPs. From the analysis of the imaginary part of the DHMA signal, we find that smaller MNPs in the particle ensemble bind first to the RCPs. When the RCP concentration increases, we observe the formation of agglomerates, which leads to lower number of MNPs per RCP at higher concentrations of RCPs. The results thus indicate that a full frequency range of ac susceptibility observation is necessary to detect low concentrations of target RCPs and a long amplification time is not required as it does not significantly increase the number of MNPs per RCP. The findings are critical for understanding the underlying microscopic binding process for improving the assay performance. They furthermore suggest DHMA is a powerful technique for dynamically characterizing the binding interactions between MNPs and biomolecules in fluid volumes.
Passive Monitoring of Mental Health Status in the Criminal Forensic Population

Current approaches to monitoring patients' mental status rely heavily on self-reported symptomatology, clinician observation, and self-rated symptom scales. The limitations inherent in these methodologies have implications for the accuracy of diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognosis. Certain populations are particularly affected by these limitations because of their unique situations, including criminal forensic patients, who have a history of both criminal behavior and mental disorder, and experience increased stigma and restrictions in their access to mental health care. This population may benefit particularly from recent developments in technology and the growing use of mobile devices and sensors to collect behavioral information via passive monitoring. These technologies offer objective parameters that correlate with mental health status and create an opportunity to use Big Data and machine learning to refine diagnosis and predict behavior in a way that represents a marked shift from current practices. This article reviews the approaches to and limitations of psychiatric assessment and contrasts this with the promise of these new technologies. It then discusses the ethics concerns associated with these technologies and explores their potential relevance to criminal forensic psychiatry and the broader implications they carry for health and criminal justice policy.
How Patient Involvement Can Contribute to the Development of Information Materials About Malignant Melanoma for Healthy Older Men

The incidence for malignant melanoma (MM) in older men is 3 to 4 times higher than the rest of the population. Patient information about MM could be a way to reach men. The aim of the study was to design and develop a pamphlet in collaboration with older men. The study was conducted in two steps. In the first step, 73 men were interviewed; in the second step, the pamphlets were sent out to 306 men. All men were recruited in connection with an aorta screening. Men wanted concisely written information with illustrations and 85% of the men reported that they have read the pamphlet. The study demonstrates a cost-effective method to reach out with information to older men about MM.
Local Search based Constrained Evolutionary Multiobjective Algorithm for Objective Reduction

Many-objective optimization problems (MaOPs) bring great hardship to most of the existing classical evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithms, respecting selection operators, computational cost, visualization of the high-dimensional Pareto front, and so on. Objective reduction can help mitigate such hardship by removing the redundant objectives in the original objective set to some extent. Objective reduction problem is inherently a multiobjective optimization problem because we aim to preserve the dominance structure by using as little objectives as possible. In this paper, we propose an objective reduction algorithm based on constrained evolutionary multiobjective algorithm. A novel local search is presented for finding the Pareto-front by searching the neighbor. We compared the proposed algorithm with three algorithms on eleven test instances. The experimental results show the proposed algorithm can obtain a stable performance without any parameter need to fine tune.
A Mixed Modulation Strategy for DC/DC Converter in Wide Input Voltage Range

Aiming at the problem of traditional LLC resonant converters in wide input voltage range, an improved variable mode hybrid modulation strategy combining frequency modulation and asymmetric PWM is proposed. When the input voltage is lower than the switching voltage, the frequency modulation strategy is used to implement the boosting; when the input voltage is higher than the switching voltage, the asymmetric PWM modulation strategy is used to implement the step-down. In this paper, the working principle and circuit characteristics of LLC resonant DC/DC converters with two modulation strategies are analyzed in detail. Finally, the experiment results prove the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the feasibility of the circuit scheme.
A Nonuniform Borehole SAR Imaging Method for Efficient Subsurface Sensing

In this paper, a borehole synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging approach with cosine accuracy factor is presented for efficient nonuniform subsurface sensing. The spectrum of nonuniform radar sample set is efficiently approximated in frequency-wavenumber domain for the target space generation. The spectrum approximation is carried out in the least-square-sense. With the interpolation processing over the approximated sample spectrum, the proposed method is capable to produce the accurate images of subsurface targets at greatly reduced computational costs. The spectrum approximation error of the proposed method is analyzed and the computational cost comparison with the Gaussian nonuniform imaging method is presented. The imaging capabilities of the developed method are evaluated and demonstrated with simulations of distributed target detection. The imaging results and comparisons with traditional methods prove that the proposed method is suitable for subsurface large nonuniform SAR imaging applications.
Hypnagogia Based Smart Alarm System Using PIR Sensors

This paper proposed a smart alarm system based on sleep hypnagogia phase. Hypnagogia phase is an almost wakeful phase or mild sleep state. Waking up in this phase causes people to feel refreshed. This phase is indicated by sudden body movements during sleep or changes in position during sleep. This phase can be detected automatically by a Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensor. In this paper smart alarm system designed to wake the user based on the hypnagogia phase. This system is equipped with LED screens, Real-Time Clock (RTC) modules, buzzers, Wi-Fi modules, and Wemos D1 Microcontrollers. Hypnagogia phase is calculated with a sleep phase detection algorithm that utilizes body movement data captured by the PIR Sensor. This system is designed to adjust the alarm time to the best moment based on the hypnagogic sleep phase that has been calculated. Through several tests, the results show that this system can awaken users with a higher success rate than conventional alarm systems.
Quantized Output Feedback Control for a Class of Strict-Feedback Nonlinear Systems

In this paper, the issue of filter-based quantized output feedback control is investigated for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear systems. The considered systems contain immeasurable states and input quantization. A fuzzy filter is designed to estimate immeasurable states, and the hysteretic quantized input is used to eliminate the oscillation phenomenon. Based on the backstepping recursive technique, a new fuzzy adaptive output feedback control method is developed. Finally, simulation results are given to confirm the validity of the proposed method.
Force Estimation Based on sEMG using Wavelet Analysis and Neural Network

for further improving the action of sEMG in human-robot interaction, wavelet and neural network is utilized in prediction of grip force. Firstly, it is described based on the introduction platform how to gain sEMG as well as its traditional features. Then, the wavelet decomposition and reconstruction algorithm is used to analyze the sEMG signals and extract the corresponding energy characteristics. Different grasp force of and sEMG signals are collected simultaneously whose feature matrix is used in training model. Those are evaluated by root mean square error, whose results show that RMSE = 1.0 ± 0.4 of BP network and RMSE = 1.8 ± 0.5 of LSTM model.
Fractional Fourier Transform based Joint Radar Communication system for Multi-User Automotive Applications

Radar and communications systems are often deployed in already crowded environments where the demand for communicating users is constantly growing. One solution to the problem is to develop a joint radar communication system that uses the same waveform to perform both operations at the same time. In this paper, a joint radar communication system for automotive radar based on the Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) is presented. The performance of the system is investigated in multi user scenarios where more users share the same bandwidth at the same time. In order to mitigate the interference in the radar receiver caused by other users, an interference mitigation scheme is also employed. In additional, the communication performance in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) is analysed for different Signal Interfere Ratios (SIR). Simulation results demonstrate the potential of the proposed system to discriminate the users at different range and Doppler and to work in a high interference environment.