Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the sources of uncertainty associated with the calculation of rainfall kinetic energy and erosivity – application to the Upper Llobregat Basin , NE Spain

The diverse sources of uncertainty associated with the calculation of rainfall kinetic energy and rainfall erosivity, calculated from precipitation data, were investigated at a range of temporal and spatial scales in a mountainous river basin (504 km2) in the south-eastern Pyrenees. The sources of uncertainty analysed included both methodological and local sources of uncertainty and were (i) tipping-bucket rainfall gauge instrumental errors, (ii) the efficiency of the customary equation used to derive rainfall kinetic energy from intensity, (iii) the efficiency of the regressions obtained between daily precipitation and rainfall erosivity, (iv) the temporal variability of annual rainfall erosivity values, and the spatial variability of (v) annual rainfall erosivity values and (vi) long-term erosivity values. The differentiation between systematic (accuracy) and random (precision) errors was taken into account in diverse steps of the analysis. The results showed that the uncertainty associated with the calculation of rainfall kinetic energy from rainfall intensity at the event and station scales was as high as 30%, because of insufficient information on rainfall drop size distribution. This methodological limitation must be taken into account for experimental or modelling purposes when rainfall kinetic energy is derived solely from rainfall intensity data. For longer temporal scales, the relevance of this source of uncertainty remained high if low variability in the types of rain was supposed. Temporal variability of precipitation at wider spatial scales was the main source of uncertainty when rainfall erosivity was calculated on an annual basis, whereas the uncertainty associated with Correspondence to: F. Gallart (francesc.gallart@idaea.csic.es) long-term erosivity was rather low and less important than the uncertainty associated with other model factors such as those in the RUSLE, when operationally used for long-term soil erosion modelling.
The potential of web 2.0 applications to enhance social cohesion and the emergence of collective action

The risks inherent in climate change and the vulnerability they pose to contemporary societies are widely acknowledged. Disasters often foster solidarity among affected people, who, in turn, show an increased willingness to engage collectively in coping with the consequences. In the last few years, web 2.0 ever more became a key coordination and mobilization tool for collective activists. This case study examines how Occupy Sandy, a grassroots disaster relief network that emerged in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy in the U.S.A, used web 2.0 applications to organize collective action. Furthermore, it explores to what extent web 2.0 contributed to social cohesion among users who were engaged in Occupy Sandy. In a mixed-methods approach, I combined natural language processing and machine learning with a qualitative review of Occupy Sandy-related Twitter and Facebook contents. I find that web 2.0 applications were essential tools for Occupy Sandy to organize its disaster-relief efforts and crucial to mobilizing a broad network of volunteers. Furthermore, Occupy Sandy-users formed a socially cohesive group around their shared perception that formal organizations responded inadequately to the hurricane. This was reflected in a dense network of social relations, users’ expressions of feelings of attachment to Occupy Sandy, and a distinct sense for the common good. This study reveals that social cohesion provides a great resource for the emergence of community-based disaster relief networks. Furthermore, the case of Occupy Sandy points to the promising potential of collective action from the grassroots that has lately been increasingly acknowledged by disaster response agencies.
Loose Shell Syndrome (LSS) in Litopenaeus vannamei grow-out Ponds and its Effect on Growth and Production

Loose shell syndrome is a chronic disease in shrimp industries, in the present study, two different L. vannamei grow-out ponds (normal and LSS infected ponds) were selected to study their water quality parameters. Average Body Weight (ABW) and Daily Growth Rate (DGR) in Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh. The results of the present study showed, there was no much variation in water quality parameters between both the ponds except pH. The daily growth rate and average body weight was higher in the normal pond than LSS infected one. The maximum LSS prevalence was reached up to 20%. The infected shrimps became sluggish and negative allometric growth. The results of present study revealed that the LSS infected shrimps showed lower production in the grow-out pond.
Eigenvectors distribution and quantum unique ergodicity for deformed Wigner matrices

We analyze the distribution of eigenvectors for mesoscopic, mean-field perturbations of diagonal matrices in the bulk of the spectrum. Our results apply to a generalized $N\times N$ Rosenzweig-Porter model. We prove that the eigenvectors entries are asymptotically Gaussian with a specific variance, localizing them onto a small, explicit, part of the spectrum. For a well spread initial spectrum, this variance profile universally follows a heavy-tailed Cauchy distribution. The proof relies on a priori local laws for this model as given in [28, 27, 11] and the eigenvector moment flow from [12].
Effect of two different handgrip positions on elbow peak torque values

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using two different handgrip positions on the peak torque values of the elbow during flexion and extension and to establish normative concentric isokinetic values for elbow flexion, extension and the flexion/extension ratio at 60°/s. Four hundred and thirty-eight (n=438) healthy South African males, between the ages of 16 and 29 years were used as subjects. A Cybex 340 isokinetic dynamometer was used to determine concentric peak torque of the non-dominant elbow\'s flexion and extension, using two different handgrip positions. Using the anatomical zero (AZ) handgrip (Group A) resulted in a mean elbow flexion of 78% of body mass (BM) and an elbow extension torque of 67% BM, compared to 69% BM and 86% BM, respectively when using the 90° pronated handgrip (Group B). The flexion/extension ratio was 119% for the AZ handgrip and 82% for the 90° pronated handgrip position. Thus, significant differences were demonstrated at a 99.9% confidence level (p≤0.001) between the two groups, when using these two handgrip positions. Additionally, normative absolute peak torque values (Nm) and weight-normalised normative torque values (% BM) for concentric isokinetic elbow flexion and extension were established. This may provide clinicians with applicable normative values for rehabilitation and sport science purposes. Keywords : Isokinetics; Elbow; Strength; Torque. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation Vol. 29 (2) 2007: pp. 67-75
Stochastic Phase Space Signal Processing with Application to Localizing Phase Vocoder

This paper focuses on signal processing tasks in which the signal is transformed from the signal space to a higher dimensional space, called phase space, processed in this space, and synthesized to an output signal. For example, in a phase vocoder method, an audio signal is transformed to the time-frequency plane via the short time Fourier transform, manipulated there, and synthesized to an output audio signal. More generally, we study signal processing with continuous frames. We show how to approximate such methods, termed phase space signal processing methods, using a Monte Carlo method. The Monte Carlo method speeds up computations, since the number of samples required for a certain accuracy is proportional to the dimension of the signal space, and not to the dimension of phase space, which is typically higher. We utilize this property for a new phase vocoder method, based on an enhanced time-frequency space, with more dimensions than the classical method. The higher dimension of phase space improves the quality of the method, while retaining the computational complexity of a standard phase vocoder based on regular samples.
Mapping and Progress toward Map-Based Cloning of Brown Planthopper Biotype-4 Resistance Gene Introgressed from Oryza officinalis into Cultivated Rice, O. sativa

Brown plant hopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.), is a serious insect pest of rice in Asia, causing direct losses and vectoring Rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV) and Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV). Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from a cross between 'IR50' and 'IR54745-2-21-12-17-6' were used to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers closely linked to a BPH Biotype-4 resistance gene [Bphl3 (t)] derived from Oryza officinalis Wall. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) using RAPD primers identified 11 polymorphic fragments. Six fragments, AJ09 260 a, AL05 220 a, AK10 690 a, AK10 430 c, AK10 380 d, and AJ01 200 a, were linked in coupling phase to the Bphl3 (t) locus. The remaining five fragments, AJ09 230 b, AJ09 180 c, AJ09 100 d, AL05 400 b, and AK10 340 e, were linked in repulsion. The most closely linked RAPD marker, AJ09 230 b, was converted to a codominant linked sequence tagged sites (STS) marker. This marker mapped 1.3 centimorgans (cM) from the resistance gene and was placed on rice chromosome 3 by means of 'IR64' × 'Azucena' doubled haploid (DH) population. The tightly linked STS marker could be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS). In addition, these markers will be useful for a positional cloning strategy to isolate the resistance gene.
Metrically generated theories

Many examples are known of natural functors K describing the transition from categories C of generalized metric spaces to the metrizable objects in some given topological construct X. If K preserves initial morphisms and if K(C) is initially dense in X, then we say that X is C-metrically generated. Our main theorem proves that X is C-metrically generated if and only if X can be isomorphically described as a concretely coreflective subconstruct of a model category with objects sets structured by collections of generalized metrics in C and natural morphisms. This theorem allows for a unifying treatment of many well-known and varied theories. Moreover, via suitable comparison functors, the various relationships between these theories are studied.
Integrating Terminology Extraction and Word Embedding for Unsupervised Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis

English. In this paper we explore the advantages that unsupervised terminology extraction can bring to unsupervised Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis methods based on word embedding expansion techniques. We prove that the gain in terms of F-measure is in the order of 3%. Italiano. Nel presente articolo analizziamo l’interazione tra syistemi di estrazione “classica” terminologica e systemi basati su techniche di “word embedding” nel contesto dell’analisi delle opinioni. Domostreremo che l’integrazione di terminogie porta un guadagno in F-measure pari al 3% sul dataset francese di Semeval 2016.
C O ] 7 M ay 2 01 8 Back-Reaction of Gravitational Waves Revisited

We study the back-reaction of gravitational waves in early universe cosmology, focusing both on super-Hubble and sub-Hubble modes. Sub-Hubble modes lead to an effective energy density which scales as radiation. Hence, the relative contribution of such gravitational waves to the total energy density is constrained by big bang nucleosynthesis. This leads to an upper bound on the tensor spectral slope nT which also depends on the tensor to scalar ratio r. Super-Hubble modes, on the other hand, lead to a negative contribution to the effective energy density, and to an equation of state of curvature. Demanding that the early universe is not dominated by the back-reaction leads to constraints on the gravitational wave spectral parameters which are derived.
Why Universities Join Cross-Sector Social Partnerships: Theory and Evidence.

Cross-sector partnerships are an increasingly popular mode of organizing to address intractable social problems, yet theory and research have virtually ignored university involvement in such activity. This article attempts to ascertain the reasons universities join networks of other social actors to support a common cause. Theories on the formation of interorganizational relationships have tended to emphasize efficiency, resource dependence, legitimacy, leverage, and mutuality as central motivators or concerns. These only partially describe motivations for cross-sector social partnerships, however, which often focus on the issue or problem itself as an organizing principle. Evidence from an empirical study of the LEAD (Leadership Education and Development) Program in Business, a pipeline development initiative to introduce underrepresented students to business education and careers in business, supports this problem domain-based view of cross-sector social partnering. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
lspec-ray photoelectron spectroscopy : Progress and perspectives

In this overview, I will briefly explore some of the basic concepts and observable effects in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, including references to some key first publications, as well as other papers in this issue that explore many of them in more detail. I will then turn to some examples of several present and promising future applications of this diverse technique. Some of the future areas explored will be the use -ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Classification of pseudokarst forms in Czechoslovakia

The pa per is a g eomorphological classif·cation of pseudokarst forms in Czechoslovakia/ Bohemien Massif a nd the Carpa thians/. In the author's opinion, forms occurring in non-carbonate rocks, a r e morphologically and often genetically ana logous to the forms of karst relief, arid are pseudokarst phenom-Jna. They a re divided according to their size into macroforms I in sandstone morphostructures of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin some types of rocky va lleys, water-shed plains and ridges, forming rock cities in some places/, m esoforms/ six types of caves, sinkholes, rock perfora tions and severa l rock phenomena/, and microforms/ weather pits and niches, lapies, etc . I. The most prominent pse udokarst phenomena have been formed in the sandstones of the Bohemia n Cretaceous Basin whose relief may · be considerd •pseudokarst•. They are a lso common in other sediments; in neovolca.nic rocks and granitic rocks, as well as in ohter types of rocks. Pseudokar st forms are the product of geomorphologica l processes, especially weathering a nd denuda tion, block rock slides, erosion, suffosion, etc. Most of them ha ve been developing in the r ecent mild humid climatic conditions.
Multi Degree-of-Freedom Hydraulic Human Power Amplifier With Rendering of Assistive Dynamics

The hydraulic human power amplifier (HPA) is a tool similar to exoskeleton that uses hydraulic actuation to amplify the applied human force. The control objective is to make the system behave like a passive mechanical tool that interacts with the human and the environment passively with a specified power scaling factor. In our previous work, a virtual velocity coordination approach recasts the single degree-of-freedom human power amplifier control problem into a velocity coordination with a fictitious reference mechanical system. Force amplification becomes a natural consequence of the velocity coordination. In this paper, this control approach is extended for fully coupled multiDoF systems. A passivity based control approach that uses the natural energy storage of the hydraulic actuator to take full account of the nonlinear pressure dynamics is used to define the flow requirement. Additional passive assistance dynamics are designed and implemented to enable the user to perform specific tasks more easily. Guidance is achieved using a passive velocity field controller (PVFC), and obstacle avoidance is achieved using a potential field. Experimental results demonstrate good performance on a 2-DoF Human Power Amplifier.
A Self –Rating Ayurveda Scale to Measure the Manasika Prakrti of the Children

Background: Self-rating inventories to assess tridoshas (Vata,Pitta and Kapha) have been developed and validated for adults. The objective of this study was to develop and standardize self-rating scale to assess the Mānasika prakrti(Sattva,Rajas and Tamas) of the children according to Ayurveda . Method: The 54-item Sushruta Child Personality Inventory(SCPI) was developed on the basis of translation of Sanskrit verses describing Sattva (A), Rajas(B) and Tamas prakrti (C) characteristics, described in Ayurveda texts and by taking the opinions of 6 Ayurveda experts and two psychologists. The scale was administered on children of the age group 8-12 years in New Generation National Public school. Results: This inventory was named Sushruta Child personality inventory (SCPI) and showed high internal consistency. The Cronbach’s alpha for A, B and C scales were 0.60, 0.64 and 0.61 respectively. And the Split-Half reliability for A,B and C scales were 0.62, 0.68 and 0.54 respectively. Factor validity coefficient scores on each items was above 0.3 on Sattva , Rajas and Tamas scale. The result of SCPI was compared with parent rating scale Ayurveda Guna Inventory for Children (AGIC). Subscales of SCPI correlated highly positively (above 0.9) with subscales of AGIC, which was applied to check validation of SCPI with respect to AGIC. Conclusions: The Manasika prakrti (Sattva, Rajas and Tamas) of the children can be measured reliably utilizing Sushruta Child Personality Inventory (SCPI). Correlation with parent rating scale suggested criterion –related validity.
Enhanced Security for the Modified Authenticated Key Agreement Scheme

Summary Hsu et al. [3] showed that the Ku-Wang [4] modified authentication key agreement scheme is vulnerable to the modification attack and further proposed an improvement of the Ku-Wang scheme. Recently, Lee-Lee [5] showed that the Hsu et al.'s scheme is vulnerable to the modification attack and proposed another improvement on the modified authenticated key agreement scheme. However, we will show that the Hsu et al.'s scheme suffers from the off-line guessing attack and the Lee-Lee’s scheme is still vulnerable to off-line guessing, man-inthe-middle, and reflection attacks. We then propose an enhanced secure scheme to eliminate these security flaws.
A Survey of Information Retrieval Techniques

The explosive growth of resources stored in various forms and transmitted over the internet has necessitated researches into information retrieval technologies. The major information retrieval mechanisms commonly employed include vector space model, Boolean model, Fuzzy Set model, and probabilistic retrieval model. These models are used to find similarities between the query and the documents to retrieve documents that reflect the query. These approaches are based on key-word, which uses lists of keywords to describe the information content. In this paper, a survey of these models is provided in order to understand their working mechanisms and shortcomings. This understanding is vital as it facilitates the choice of an information retrieval technique, based on the underlying requirements. The results of this survey revealed that the current information retrieval models fall short of the expectations in one way or the other. As such, they are not ideal for high precision information retrieval applications.
Design Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel N-Nitro Acid Amide Derivatives as Lead Compounds of Herbicide

A series of N-nitro acid amide derivatives compounds were synthesized based on the active site of target acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS, EC: 2.2.1.6) enzyme. All the structures of newly prepared compounds were thoroughly characterized by satisfied IR and 1H NMR spectra. The IC50 values against AHAS enzyme and EC50 values for herbicidal activity against Amaranthus mangostanus L. and Sorghum sudanense of all synthesized target compounds were determined. The compounds II-10, II-21, and II-22 with IC50 values of 7.09 mg/L, 9.07 mg/L, and 9.11 mg/L and the compounds II-8 and II-22 with EC50 values of 9.87 mg/L and 19.88 mg/L against root of Amaranthus mangostanus L. and Sorghum sudanense were illustrated, respectively. Meanwhile, the possible reasons for the lower activity of compounds were analyzed by molecular docking prediction.
Software Process Recovery

When developers create software they leave a trail of artifacts in their wake. These artifacts include source code changes, discussions over electronic mediums, documentation, tests, build scripts, requirements, etc. We propose to investigate methods in which one can discover and recover the underlying processes that developers follow, by analyzing the artifacts they leave behind. We wish to see if their behaviour that relates to these artifacts correlates with underlying processes developers are following. We also wish to determine if developers are following the processes they claim to be following. Other researchers have approached this problem by tooling the process that the developers are following in order to record more information. By contrast, we want to recover development processes ex post facto, after the fact. We propose to use process recovery to expose, recover and validate the underlying behaviours and processes that developers follow, collaboratively, to build software. We propose an analysis framework to help research process recovery.
User experience of mobile devices: a three layer method of evaluation

Mobile devices are an integrated aspect of contemporary society in both business and social contexts. To facilitate the continued development of more effective and efficient user interface designs and devices, it is necessary to employ appropriate Usability Evaluation Methods. However, the changing nature of mobile device interactions has created new and increasing demands on users of these devices. The additional capabilities and features have required increased attention and more complex thought patterns from users to interact effectively and efficiently. For efficient and effective device operation, the ‘user experience’ needs to be considered at three layers: the hardware; the operating system and other installed applications. This paper presents a task-based review of user experiences while interacting with three different mobile devices, through the novel three layer method of breaking down the user experience, and outlines how this approach is applicable for future research.