Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Based Prediction of Reference Evapotranspiration (ET0) Using IoT

Accurate estimation of Reference Evapotranspiration (ET0) is important for efficient management and conservation of irrigation water. Existing methods of ET0 rate determination are complex for application at the farmer level. Apart from standard methods of ET0 determination, many data-driven soft computing approaches were also proposed to determine the ET0 with limited data set. We proposed a temperature and humidity-based ML approach for ET0 rate determination on directly sensed environmental conditions of the crop field. Crop field environmental conditions for (ET0) rate determination are sensed by the proposed Internet of Things (IoT) architecture. Crop field environmental conditions from the year 2015 to 2021 in Pakistan are used for the training and testing of the proposed model. Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbours (KNN), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based models are compared for performance. Crop fields directly sensed temperature and humidity pass to the model to train and predict the ET0-rate of crop fields. The 10-fold cross-validation technique is applied for the evaluation of the proposed approach. The accuracy of the proposed solution for the ET0 rate is compared against the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommended Penman-Monteith method for ET0 rate determination. As concerned of the ML-based models the KNN model is more accurate as compared to SVM,GNB and ANN models with 92% accuracy. The KNN model of ET0 is more efficient in reducing the Root Mean Squared Errors (RMSE) by 16% and Mean Absolute Errors (MAE) by 3% against the state of the art approach.
Designing a Smart Pillow for Sleep Quality Remote Monitoring

—This paper proposes a low cost IoT solution to detect head movements and positions of a patient by means of Force Sensing Resistors positioned on a pillow and connected to a micro-controller collecting patient data anytime, when sleeping, sending it to the cloud and making it available to healthcare professionals. The impact of this work is focused on monitoring sleep quality, using low-cost and easy to use pillows in an ambulatory scenario, without the need of expensive and dedicated sleeping rooms for sleep monitoring, which most of the times affect patient sleep and degrades the quality of the measurement.In this case it is possible to monitor the patient’s behavior throughout the entire sleep, important for detecting factors causing minor head and neck injuries and even checking for events of long pauses in respiratory rate.
Analysis of Truck Chasis Frame Using FEM

: An automobile is made of mainly two units’ body and the chassis. A vehicle arrangement without body is called chassis. When a motor vehicle is rest, frame members are subjected due to vertical bending moments. When motor vehicle is in moving position the stresses are considerably increased and as a result of road shocks, bending moment reaches their maximum values. When either of the front and rear wheels pass over an obstacle, the inertia or dynamics loads are superimposed on the static loads. When one wheel passes over an obstacle at high speed, a shock with large vertical component is imparted to the adjacent corner of the frame. This causes the frame to twist generally, wheel is subjected to overloading and there is a chance of chassis failure. In this project, an attempt is made to find the stresses in a tipper truck frame. We are analyzing stress concentration points where the displacement and frequencies are high at the time of loading and unloading. The software used for modeling and analysis is ANSYS 10.
Body Image in Preschool Children Following Premature Loss of Primary Teeth: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract Introduction Pediatric dentists often see a good number of children under 6 years of age and are likely to encounter a child with missing anterior teeth. Here the parents are more concerned about the facial esthetics of the child and also about the timing of permanent teeth to erupt. Aim To know the impact on self-esteem or body image of preschool children following the premature loss of primary anterior teeth. Materials and methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted among 780 children in the age group of 4–6 years. The COHIP-SF 19 was utilized to know the social well-being of the child following the premature loss of anterior teeth. The descriptive and inferential analysis of the data was done by using IBM SPSS software. Results There was a statistically significant association between gender and social well-being. More number of boys were concerned about their looks (p = 0.054). However, girls were found to be significantly more (p = 0.003) shy or withdrawn as compared to boys. There was a statistically significant association between a child's age and social well-being. More number of children between the ages of 4 years (23.1%) and 6 years (25.8%) were worried or anxious due to premature loss of an anterior tooth. Significantly more no of children of age 5 years (48.6%) was uncomfortable when asked about the missing tooth as compared to 4- and 6-year-old children. No statistically significant (p > 0.05) difference in the mean social well-being scores between boys and girls. No statistically significant difference in the mean social well-being scores between children of ages 4, 5, and 6 years (p > 0.05). Conclusion There is an association between the self-image of younger children and missing anterior teeth. How to cite this article Acharya S, Biswas R. Body Image in Preschool Children Following Premature Loss of Primary Teeth: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(3):293-298.
How A/E/C professionals accept BIM technologies in China: a technology acceptance model perspective

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to research the acceptance mechanism of building information modeling (BIM) technology and to explore the differences among Architecture/Engineering/Construction (A/E/C) professionals with different individual characteristics. The proposed acceptance mechanism of BIM technology is intended to be used by industry stakeholders to propose decisions and measures, and improve the degree of BIM adoption.Design/methodology/approachTraditional hypothesis testing is adopted by the current study to empirically research the specific mechanism of A/E/C professionals accepting BIM technologies. In the one phase, a conceptual model based on technology acceptance model (TAM) and technology organization environment (TOE) theory was established and a large-scale questionnaire survey was conducted. In the other phase, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze acquired sample data, so as to empirically test the validity of the proposed linkage.FindingsThe results show first that perceived ease of use has no significant influence on perceived usefulness, and perceived usefulness has no significant effect on behavior intention as well. Second, BIM technical features and government BIM policies have positive effects on perceived usefulness, BIM technical features and organization supports have positive effects on perceived ease of use. Third, the BIM acceptance mechanism of A/E/C professionals is diverse from respondents with different characteristics, e.g. regions and working time.Originality/valueThe authors highlight the large sample size, as well as the nationwide context, of the questionnaire survey. Meanwhile, acceptance differences among A/E/C professionals with different demographic characteristics have been clarified using profound data and t-test. The findings of this study enrich the research on the acceptance mechanism of BIM technology, and contribute to relevant stakeholders taking targeted measures to promote the effective application of BIM technology nationwide.
Estimation of image noise in PET using the bootstrap method

The bootstrap method applied to PET data was evaluated as a technique to determine regional image noise in PET. To validate the method, 250 scans (5 min each) of a uniform cylinder filled with /sup 68/Ge was acquired and reconstructed using filtered backprojection (FBP). A single 5 min list mode scan was also acquired. From the list mode data, 250 bootstrap replicates were generated by randomly drawing, with replacement, prompt and random events. In each replicate, the total numbers of prompt and random events were kept identical to the number in the original list mode data set. The 250 individual scans, and the bootstrap replicates, were reconstructed using FBP and OSEM. Mean and standard deviation (SD) images were generated from the reconstructed images. Mean and SD were also calculated in a central region of the image sets. Visual inspection showed no appreciable difference between the SD images derived from the repeated scans and the bootstrap replicates. Profiles through the images, showed no significant difference between image sets. Using an increased number of bootstrap replicates produced less noise in the standard deviation images. ROI analysis showed, that the standard deviations derived from the bootstrap replicates were very close to the ones derived from the repent scans, independent of reconstruction algorithm. The results indicate that the bootstrap method can accurately estimate regional image noise in PET. This could potentially provide a method to accurately compare image noise in phantom and patient data under various imaging and processing conditions, without the need for repeat scans.
Continuity of Weak Solutions to a General Porous Media Equation.

Abstract : The singular parabolic equations treated in this report serve as a model for filtration of fluids in porous media -- in particular, for the filtration of gases. The function serves as the model situation for such problems and makes the equation singular. Usually solutions of boundary value problems associated with such equations are found in a global sense, i.e. they are characterized as equivalence classes in certain Sobolev spaces. It is of interest to decide whether they may be defined pointwise and whether they possess some local regularity such as continuity. In this paper we prove that global (weak) solutions are in fact continuous. Moreover, we study under what circumstances their continuity can be extended up to the boundary of the domain where the process takes place.
The Ability to Manage Unexpected Events and the Vocational Identity in Young People: The Italian Validation of Planned Happenstance Career Inventory

The present study had two goals: to test the validity of Planned Happenstance Career Inventory (PHCI) in the Italian context and to explore the relations between PHC skills and vocational identity processes within a sample of 472 undergraduate students attending university in the southern of Italy. Moreover, we examined relations between the PHCI and measures of vocational identity processes. With regard to the first goal, results show that for the Italian version of the instrument was confirmed the multifactor structure of the original version. The multi-group analyses showed that invariance between genders is supported. Convergent validity and divergent validity of the measure were reported. Concerning the second goal, the skills of planned happenstance show different associations with Vocational Identity Dimensions. As hypothesized, the exploration and commitment dimensions of vocational identity status are positive related to Planned Happenstance Skills. These findings suggest implications for career guidance and counseling.
Parallel object recognition from structure (the tinkertoy project)

This thesis examines the problem of recognizing structurally composed objects. The task is the recognition of Tinkertoys--objects whose identity is defined solely by the spatial relationships between simple parts. Ultimately, a massively parallel framework incorporating a principled treatment of uncertainty and domain dependence is developed to address the problem. The basic architecture of the solution is formed by posing structure matching as a part-wise correspondence problem in a labelling framework, then applying the unit/value principle. The solution is developed incrementally. Complexity and correctness analyses and implementation experiments are provided at each phase. In the first phase, a special purpose network implementing discrete connectionist relaxation is used to topologically discriminate between objects. In the second step, the algorithm is generalized to a massively parallel formulation of constraint satisfaction, yielding an arc consistency algorithm with the fastest known time complexity. At this stage the formulation of the application problem is also generalized, so geometric discrimination can be achieved. Developing an implementation required defining a method for the domain specific optimization of the parallel arc consistency algorithm. The optimization method is applicable to arbitrary domains. In the final phase, the solution is generalized to handle uncertain input information and statistical domain dependence. Segmentation and recognition are computed simultaneously by a coupled Markov Random Field. Both problems are posed as labelling problems within a unified high-level MRF architecture. In the segmentation subnet, evidence from the image is combined with clique potentials expressing both qualitative a priori constraints and learnable domain dependent knowledge. Matching constraints and coupling constraints complete the definition of the field. The effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated in experiments involving the traditionally difficult problems of occulsion and accidental alignment.
How Does the Environment Affect Wheat Yield and Protein Content Response to Drought? A Meta-Analysis

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most significant cereal crops grown in the semi-arid and temperate regions of the world, but few studies comprehensively explore how the environment affects wheat yield and protein content response to drought by means of meta-analysis. Therefore, we collected data about grain yield (GY), grain protein yield (GPY), grain protein content (GPC), and grain nitrogen content (GNC), and conducted a meta-analysis on 48 previously published data sets that originate from 15 countries. Our results showed that drought significantly decreased GY and GPY by 57.32 and 46.04%, but significantly increased GPC and GNC by 9.38 and 9.27%, respectively. The responses of wheat GY and GNC to drought were mainly related to the drought type, while the GPY was mainly related to the precipitation. The yield reduction due to continuous drought stress (CD, 83.60%) was significantly greater than that of terminal drought stress (TD, 26.43%). The relationship between the precipitation and GPY increased in accordance with linear functions, and this negative drought effect was completely eliminated when the precipitation was more than 513 mm. Sandy soils and high nitrogen application level significantly mitigated the negative effects of drought, but was not the main factor affecting the drought response of wheat. Compared with spring wheat, the drought resistance effect of winter wheat was more obvious. Evaluation of these models can improve our quantitative understanding of drought on wheat yield and food security, minimizing the negative impact of drought on crop production.
A model framework to investigate the role of anomalous land surface processes in the amplification of summer drought across Ireland during 2018

Due to its latitude and ample year‐round rainfall, Ireland is typically an energy‐limited regime in the context of soil moisture availability and evapotranspiration. However, during the summer of 2018, regions within the country displayed significant soil moisture deficits, associated with anomalous atmospheric forcing conditions, with consequent impacts on the surface energy balance. Here, we explore the utility of a physically based land surface scheme coupled with observational, global gridded reanalysis and satellite‐derived data products to analyse the spatial and temporal evolution of the 2018 summer drought event in Ireland over grassland, which represents the dominant agricultural land‐cover. While the surface–air energy exchanges were initially dominated by atmospheric anomalies, soil moisture constraints became increasingly important in regulating these exchanges, as the accumulated rainfall deficit increased throughout the summer months. This was particularly evident over the freer draining soils in the east and southeast of the country. From late June 2018, we identify a strong linear coupling between soil moisture and both evapotranspiration and vegetation response, suggesting a shift from an energy‐limited evapotranspiration regime into a dry or soil water‐limited regime. Applying segmented regression models, the study quantifies a critical soil moisture threshold as a key determinant of the transition from wet to dry evaporative regimes. These findings are important to understand the soil moisture context under which land–atmosphere couplings are strongest in water‐limited regimes across the country and should help improve the treatment of soil parameters in weather prediction models, required for subseasonal and seasonal forecasts, consequently enhancing early warning systems of summer climate extremes in the future.
Gastric bezoar and intraoral foreign body after plaster ingestion successfully treated without surgical intervention: a case report

Some cases of plaster ingestion include the occurrence of gastrointestinal obstruction that requires surgery. To date, there are no reports on the treatment of plaster lesions in the mouth. A 50-year-old woman was referred to the emergency department after intentionally drinking a solution of approximately 100 g of plaster powder in 250 mL of water, 3 hours earlier. On arrival, the patient was alert but unable to speak because the plaster had hardened in her mouth. Hardened plaster was also found in her stomach. There was no evidence of acute gastrointestinal obstruction on abdominal computed tomography; we therefore decided to perform surgical observation. The intraoral plaster lesions were successfully removed using forceps, and the plaster bezoar was successfully eliminated without surgical treatment. The present case shows that not all patients with plaster poisoning require surgery; the patient’s conditions, such as gastrointestinal obstruction, should indicate the course of treatment.
Hybrid Control of Marine Vessels: Dynamic Positioning in Varying Conditions

The next generation marine control systems will, as a step towards increased autonomy, have more automatic functionality in order to cope with a set of complex operations in unknown and varying environments, while maintaining safety and keeping costs low. In this thesis, a hybrid control concept for marine vessels is proposed, in order to increase the operational window of marine vessels in varying environmental conditions, with automatic switching of observers and controllers based on performance monitoring of the system states and signals, and characterizations of the sea state. The concept provides functional redundancy in the design methodology, giving better robustness to failures. The estimation and control algorithms presented in this work, are primarily designed for dynamic positioning (DP) control systems. A vessel in DP uses the thrusters to automatically maintain a fixed position, or move along a track at low speed. Vessels with DP capabilities are useful for marine operations in many marine applications, for instance; offshore oil and gas, offshore wind, aquaculture, fisheries, rescue, ocean science, and tourism. As a result of more automatic functionality and system integration in marine control systems, control engineers must handle increasingly larger and more intricate systems. Typically, transit and maneuvering speed operation functionality can be merged with the DP functionality, giving one unified system for all speed ranges, modes of operation and environmental conditions. This is a hybrid control system, with continuous-time vessel dynamics and discrete-time (automatic) switching between candidate algorithms. Performance monitoring functions decide which candidate algorithms to use in closed-loop control, detect faults, issue alarms to the operator, and provide decision support. By applying a hybrid mathematical framework for marine control system modeling, rigorous analysis of the system, including switching dynamics, can be done, and stability constraints and robustness properties may be found. In order for a hybrid control system to be reliable, good switching criteria that are robust to measurement noise and system errors need to be established for the vessel speed, use modes, and environmental conditions. Some highlights from the thesis include: • A residual calculation-based computationally efficient and reliable sea state estimation algorithm is proposed. The algorithm uses the heave, roll and pitch response spectra and simplified semi-analytical expressions for the motion transfer functions to compute an estimate of the wave spectrum. From this, characteristic periods, wave height, and the wave direction are derived. The algorithm may be used in performance monitoring functions of a hybrid
Assessment of Well-Being at Work of Information Technology Professionals

The study evaluated 283 Information Technology professionals of Brazilian technology companies regarding well-being at work. For data collection, the Psychosocial Well-Being Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory, associated with the Utrech Work Engagement Scale, were used. In general, positive evaluations for psychosocial well-being and engagement, as well as, lack of characteristics of Burnoutpredominated. The overall average in the Psychosocial Well-Being Scale was 4.93, with a standard deviation of 1.04. Men who work for one to five years presented higher values in the effectiveness dimension. Regarding engagement, the results were significant among men aged 40 and over. Professionals with shorter time of work in the organization presented lower indexes in the effectiveness dimension. These results corroborate the characteristics of Generation Y regarding the greater commitment with the career than with the organization.
Differences in Humoral Immune Response against the Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus via Different Immune Pathways

The intramuscular vaccine is the principal strategy to protect pigs from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), However, it is still difficult to control PRRSV effectively. This study infected piglets with PRRSV through intramuscular and intranasal inoculation. Subsequently, viral loads, anti-PRRSV antibody levels, and neutralizing antibodies (NAs) titers in both serum and saliva were monitored for 43 days. Meanwhile, tissues were obtained through necropsy at 43 days post-inoculation (dpi) to detect viral loads. The results indicated that viremia lasted from 3 to 31 dpi in both the inoculation groups, but the viruses survived in the lungs and lymph nodes after viremia clearance. The antibody response was detected from 11 dpi, but the response of NAs was delayed until 3–4 weeks. Furthermore, intranasal inoculation induced lower viral load levels than injection inoculation. In addition, positive SIgA and NAs levels were produced early, with higher levels through intranasal inoculation. Therefore, our data indicated that a more robust antibody response and lower virus loads could be induced by intranasal inoculation, and mucosal inoculation could be a suitable pathway for PRRSV vaccines.