Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
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There is a rapidly growing recent literature that analyzes the rise of market power over the last 4 decades in the United States and in many other economies. The study of market power is, of course, not new and is arguably as old as the study of economics itself. But the renewed interest is its scope, particularly the role for macroeconomics. Much of the recent literature focuses on measuring market power throughout the economy and on its quantitative macroeconomic implications. Many macroeconomic models from monetary economics, over trade and urban economics, to labor have predictions that hinge on the degree of market power that firms have. Themonetary transmissionmechanism in theNewKeynesianmodels, for example, crucially depends onmarkups and the extent to which the market power of firms is pervasive throughout the economy. The challenge, therefore, is to find appropriate ways to measure market power for a representative sample of the universe of firms in the economy. The paper by Esteban Rossi-Hansberg, Pierre Sarte, andNico Trachter draws attention to an important and hitherto understudied issue in this literature, the dichotomy between national and local measures of concentration. The main idea is that the degree of concentration of firms at the national level is very different than what it is at a local level, be it the state, the metropolitan area, or the ZIP code. They find a baffling fact: all measures of local concentration show a declining trend, whereas measures of national concentration show an increasing trend. This is an important observation and I sympathizewith the premise of investigating market power at different levels of aggregation and for different subeconomies of the macro economy. After all, to understand the macro economywe need to understand the micro origins. The paper
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The paper by Guvenen, Kaplan, and Song provides many useful insights into the evolution of top earners’ earnings and the dynamics of the gender gap at the top of the earning distribution. The authors have access to a representative sample of 10% of individual earnings from the US Social Security Administration (SSA) between 1981 and 2012. The panel structure of the data allows them to follow individuals over time, shedding light on the persistence of top earners and addressing some of the shortcomings of the literature that uses cross-sectional data. Theyfind several interesting results. First, in 2012, the share ofwomen among the top 0.1% of earners is only 11% and among the top 1% only 18%. This gap was even larger earlier in the sample, suggesting a slow positive trend toward the reduction of the gender gap, with themajority of the gain concentrated in the 1980s and the 1990s. Second, the paper unveils a very large turnover over the life cycle among top earners, for both men andwomen, and highlights that gender improvements coincidewith a larger persistence over time ofwomen at the top of the income distribution. Although in the 1980swomenwere twice as likely asmen to drop out from the top earners, in recent years the probability of men and women of droppingout hasbecome similar. Third, industryandagevariationsprovide further insights on the dynamics of the gender gap. The authors do not find any obvious relationship between the evolution of income across industries and the mitigation of the gender gap over time, whereas the distribution of age among top earners shows significant changes, with new cohorts of women making inroads into the top 1% earlier in their lifetime than previous cohorts (this results does not hold for the top 0.1% earners).
ESTIMATION OF GATIFLOXACIN IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

A simple, rapid, sensitive and precise High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for the estimation of gatifloxacin in its pharmaceutical dosage forms. In this method RP-C18 column (150mmx4.6mm I.D., 5 m particle size) with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.05M phosphate buffer in the ratio of 25:75 v/v in isocratic mode was used. The detection wavelength is 293nm and the flow rate is 0.8ml/min. Ciprofloxacin is used as internal standard. The linearity was found to be in the range of 0.1 to 10 g/ml and shows a correlation coefficient of 0.9999. The intra- and inter-day variation was found to be less than 1.2% showing high precision of the assay method. The mean percent recovery of the drug from the solution containing 4 g/ml was 100.5 2.06 indicating high accuracy of the proposed method. Hence, this method is simple, fast, specific, accurate, precise and less time consuming for the estimation of gatifloxacin in pharmaceutical dosage forms
Experimental analysis of the log law at adverse pressure gradient

Abstract The experimental data for the mean velocity are analysed in the inner layer for a turbulent boundary layer at significant adverse pressure gradient and Reynolds numbers up to $\textit {Re}_\theta =57\,000$. The aim is to determine the resilience of the log law for the mean velocity, the possible change of the von Kármán constant $\kappa$ and the appearance of a square-root law above the log law at significant adverse pressure gradients. In the wind-tunnel experiment, the adverse pressure gradient is imposed by an $S$-shaped deflection of the contour model which is mounted on a wind-tunnel sidewall. A large-scale particle imaging velocimetry method is applied to measure the streamwise evolution of the flow over a streamwise distance of 15 boundary layer thicknesses. In the adverse pressure gradient region, microscopic and three-dimensional Lagrangian particle tracking velocimetry are used to measure the mean velocity and the Reynolds stresses down to the viscous sublayer. Oil-film interferometry is used to determine the wall shear stress. The log law in the mean-velocity profile is found to be a robust feature at adverse pressure gradient, but its region is thinner than its zero pressure gradient counterpart, and its slope is altered. A square-root law emerges above the log law, extending to the wall distance the log law typically occupies at zero pressure gradient. Lower values for $\kappa$ are found than for zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layers, but the reduction is within the uncertainty of the measurement.
Bandwidth enhancement of compact patch antennas by loading inverted “L” and “T” strips

Abstract We propose simple designs of compact patch antennas with bandwidth enhancement. Firstly, an inverted “L” strip is loaded onto the corner of one radiating patch edge to create an additional resonant mode which can be combined with that one of the conventional patch to enhance the operating bandwidth. Secondly, the “L” strip is replaced by inverted “T” strip to improve further the bandwidth by creating two adjustable resonant modes. The two proposed patch antennas have the particularity of enhancing the bandwidth significantly without increasing their profile and their overall sizes. Two antenna prototypes are fabricated and tested. Measurements reveal that the patch antenna loaded with “L” strip has stable radiation characteristics with 5.2 times enhancement in the relative bandwidth compared with a conventional patch antenna. The antenna loaded with inverted “T” strip has wider bandwidth (6.25 times wider than the conventional patch) and covers the operating band 5.07–5.89 GHz (15%) with measured peak gain and peak efficiency of 6.25 dBi and 78%, respectively. The proposed antennas are easy to fabricate, have a low-profile, and exhibit good performances which make them good candidates to use in real wireless applications.
Synthesis and crystal structure of the novel chiral acetyl-3-thiophene-5-(9-anthryl)-2-pyrazoline, C23H18N2OS

Abstract C23H18Cl4N2OS, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 16.872(3) Å, b = 10.414(2) Å, c = 10.589(2) Å, V = 1860.5(6) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0588, wRref(F2) = 0.1464, T = 293 K.
Exploring a Feedback-Oriented Design Process Through Curved Folding

The advancement of computational design and fabrication technologies has allowed combining physical and digital processes in architecture. Existing methods for physical-digital integration offer limited support for explorations with folded non-linear surfaces. This paper introduces a feedback-oriented design approach linking physical models with digital tools to enhance ideation processes in architecture. We employ paper as a medium for translating simple mock-up ideas to more elaborate digital design models. We explain the physical exploration, 3D scanning, digital simulation, and fabrication processes. Then, we discuss the results, observations, and limitations of this design approach.
Leaving the Field: Designing a Socio-Material Toolkit for Teachers to Continue to Design Technology with Children

Leaving the field when conducting research in situated contexts, and finding ways to sustain project outcomes beyond academia, is an ongoing struggle in HCI. In our research project, we co-designed technologies with children in classroom contexts for three years. Nearing the projects’ end, we focused on creating resources that enable teachers to continue our work with their pupils. In collaboration with teachers, we developed socio-material tools that support them in empowering neurodiverse children to engage with technology in creative ways and create their own technologies. While the majority of technology design toolkits are stand-alone artefacts, part of our toolkit is an infrastructure to keep guiding and supporting teachers beyond the project’s end. In this paper, we discuss the teachers expectations and requirements for a toolkit and argue that an infrastructure must be part of a toolkit. We present a set of guidelines for researchers planning for a project’s end.
SoniBand: Understanding the Effects of Metaphorical Movement Sonifications on Body Perception and Physical Activity

Negative body perceptions are a major predictor of physical inactivity, a serious health concern. Sensory feedback can be used to alter such body perceptions; movement sonification, in particular, has been suggested to affect body perception and levels of physical activity (PA) in inactive people. We investigated how metaphorical sounds impact body perception and PA. We report two qualitative studies centered on performing different strengthening/flexibility exercises using SoniBand, a wearable that augments movement through different sounds. The first study involved physically active participants and served to obtain a nuanced understanding of the sonifications’ impact. The second, in the home of physically inactive participants, served to identify which effects could support PA adherence. Our findings show that movement sonification based on metaphors led to changes in body perception (e.g., feeling strong) and PA (e.g., repetitions) in both populations, but effects could differ according to the existing PA-level. We discuss principles for metaphor-based sonification design to foster PA.
Touchscreen Typing As Optimal Supervisory Control

Traditionally, touchscreen typing has been studied in terms of motor performance. However, recent research has exposed a decisive role of visual attention being shared between the keyboard and the text area. Strategies for this are known to adapt to the task, design, and user. In this paper, we propose a unifying account of touchscreen typing, regarding it as optimal supervisory control. Under this theory, rules for controlling visuo-motor resources are learned via exploration in pursuit of maximal typing performance. The paper outlines the control problem and explains how visual and motor limitations affect it. We then present a model, implemented via reinforcement learning, that simulates co-ordination of eye and finger movements. Comparison with human data affirms that the model creates realistic finger- and eye-movement patterns and shows human-like adaptation. We demonstrate the model’s utility for interface development in evaluating touchscreen keyboard designs.
PV-Pix: Slum Community Co-design of Self-Powered Deformable Smart Messaging Materials

Working with emergent users in two of Mumbai’s slums, we explored the value and uses of photovoltaic (PV) self-powering digital materials. Through a series of co-design workshops, a diary study and responses by artists and craftspeople, we developed the PV-Pix concept for inter-home connections. Each PV-Pix element consists of a deformable energy harvesting material that, when actuated by a person in one home, changes its physical state both there and in a connected home. To explore the concept we considered two forms of PV-Pix: one uses rigid materials and the other flexible ones. We deployed two low-fidelity prototypes, each constructed of a grid of one PV-Pix type, in four slum homes over a four week period to further understand the usability and uses of the materials, eliciting interesting inter-family communication practices. Encouraged by these results we report on a first-step towards working prototypes and demonstrate the technical viability of the approach.
Flag and Flaggability in Automated Moderation: The Case of Reporting Toxic Behavior in an Online Game Community

Online platforms rely upon users or automated tools to flag toxic behaviors, the very first step in online moderation. While much recent research has examined online moderation, the role of flag remains poorly understood. This question becomes even more urgent in automated moderation, where flagging becomes a primary source of human judgment. We conducted a qualitative study of flagging practices in League of Legends (LoL), a popular eSports game. We found stark differences between how flag is designed to identify toxicity, and flaggability, or how players use and appropriate flag. Players distrust flag, but also appropriate flag for instrumental purposes. Thus, flaggability diverges decidedly from the conception of toxicity, and must be understood within the highly competitive gaming context of LoL. These findings help shed light on the situated nature of flaggability, the role of flag in online moderation, as well as implications for designing flag and moderation.
Design of Cyber Food:: Beginning to Understand Food as Computational Artifact

With a growing interest in HCI around food, there is a trend to combine computing technology and food to facilitate novel eating experiences. However, most current systems tend to superimpose the technology over food rather than consider food itself as a focal interaction material. This paper proposes a more direct computational food integration by conceptualizing the notion of “Cyber Food”, accentuating “food as computational artifact”, where food embodies digital computation that can be ultimately consumed and digested by the human body. With this work, we attempt to open a new pathway to enrich human-food interactions beyond the traditional boundaries between the physical (edible) and digital realms.
FootUI: Assisting People with Upper Body Motor Impairments to Use Smartphones with Foot Gestures on the Bed

Some people with upper body motor impairments but sound lower limbs usually use feet to interact with smartphones. However, touching the touchscreen with big toes is tiring, inefficient and easy to mistouch. In this paper, we propose FootUI, which leverages the phone camera to track users’ feet and translates the foot gestures to smartphone operations. This technique enables users to interact with smartphones while reclining on the bed and improves the comfort of users. We explore the usage scenario and foot gestures, define the mapping from foot gestures to smartphone operations and develop the prototype on smartphones, which includes the gesture tracking and recognition algorithm, and the user interface. Evaluation results show that FootUI is easy, efficient and interesting to use. Our work provides a novel input technique for people with upper body motor impairments but sound lower limbs.
An Adaptive Model of Gaze-based Selection

Gaze-based selection has received significant academic attention over a number of years. While advances have been made, it is possible that further progress could be made if there were a deeper understanding of the adaptive nature of the mechanisms that guide eye movement and vision. Control of eye movement typically results in a sequence of movements (saccades) and fixations followed by a ‘dwell’ at a target and a selection. To shed light on how these sequences are planned, this paper presents a computational model of the control of eye movements in gaze-based selection. We formulate the model as an optimal sequential planning problem bounded by the limits of the human visual and motor systems and use reinforcement learning to approximate optimal solutions. The model accurately replicates earlier results on the effects of target size and distance and captures a number of other aspects of performance. The model can be used to predict number of fixations and duration required to make a gaze-based selection. The future development of the model is discussed.
Heterogeneous Stroke: Using Unique Vibration Cues to Improve the Wrist-Worn Spatiotemporal Tactile Display

Beyond a simple notification of incoming calls or messages, more complex information such as alphabets and digits can be delivered through spatiotemporal tactile patterns (STPs) on a wrist-worn tactile display (WTD) with multiple tactors. However, owing to the limited skin area and spatial acuity of the wrist, frequent confusions occur between closely located tactors, resulting in a low recognition accuracy. Furthermore, the accuracies reported in previous studies have mostly been measured for a specific posture and could further decrease with free arm postures in real life. Herein, we present Heterogeneous Stroke, a design concept for improving the recognition accuracy of STPs on a WTD. By assigning unique vibrotactile stimuli to each tactor, the confusion between tactors can be reduced. Through our implementation of Heterogeneous Stroke, the alphanumeric characters could be delivered with high accuracy (93.8% for 26 alphabets and 92.4% for 10 digits) across different arm postures.
Font Your Friends and Loved Ones: On the Utility of Ugly Interfaces

User interface design often focuses so heavily on clean and minimal interface aesthetics that any deviation is often rejected as “ugly”. This tendency towards abstraction in UI design can be contextualized as a removal of the “human” or “physical world” from the aesthetic choices and design considerations for the system. To resist this techno-deterministic eradication of the human presence from UI design, as well as radically inject the human presence back into user interfaces, we present typeFACE, a web interface and generative adversarial network designed to create fonts from human faces. We provide an implementation and applications for such a system, as well as contextualize and analyze the history of “ugliness” and the “uncanny” in UI design history. We also discuss implications of such a system within the domains of data ownership, identity, and HCI design research.
Enacting the Last Mile: Experiences of Smart Contracts in Courier Deliveries

Smart contract systems could change the nature of last-mile delivery for the better through enhanced precision, coordination and accountability. However, technological complexity poses a challenge for end-users participating in the design process, making it hard to explore their experiences and incorporate their perspectives. We describe a case study where technological prototypes create smart contract experiences for professional couriers and receptionists, allowing them to speculate about emerging possibilities, whilst remaining grounded in their current practices. Participants enacted a series of deliveries, choreographed by smart contracts, and their responses were explored in post-experience, one-to-one interviews. Working with professionals to explore the potential impact of smart contract technologies, revealed the systemic webs of value underlying their existing work practices. This has implications for design of such technologies, in which increased automation, efficiency and accountability must be delicately balanced with the benefits of sustaining personal values, relationships and agency.
Can You Hear My Heartbeat?: Hearing an Expressive Biosignal Elicits Empathy

Interfaces designed to elicit empathy provide an opportunity for HCI with important pro-social outcomes. Recent research has demonstrated that perceiving expressive biosignals can facilitate emotional understanding and connection with others, but this work has been largely limited to visual approaches. We propose that hearing these signals will also elicit empathy, and test this hypothesis with sounding heartbeats. In a lab-based within-subjects study, participants (N = 27) completed an emotion recognition task in different heartbeat conditions. We found that hearing heartbeats changed participants’ emotional perspective and increased their reported ability to “feel what the other was feeling. ” From these results, we argue that auditory heartbeats are well-suited as an empathic intervention, and might be particularly useful for certain groups and use-contexts because of its musical and non-visual nature. This work establishes a baseline for empathic auditory interfaces, and offers a method to evaluate the effects of future designs.
GoldenTime: Exploring System-Driven Timeboxing and Micro-Financial Incentives for Self-Regulated Phone Use

User-driven intervention tools such as self-tracking help users to self-regulate problematic smartphone usage. These tools basically assume active user engagement, but prior studies warned a lack of user engagement over time. This paper proposes GoldenTime, a mobile app that promotes self-regulated usage behavior via system-driven proactive timeboxing and micro-financial incentives framed as gain or loss for behavioral reinforcement. We conducted a large-scale user study (n = 210) to explore how our proactive timeboxing and micro-financial incentives influence users’ smartphone usage behaviors. Our findings show that GoldenTime’s timeboxing based micro-financial incentives are effective in self-regulating smartphone usage, and incentive framing has a significant impact on user behavior. We provide practical design guidelines for persuasive technology design related to promoting digital wellbeing.
LYLO – Exploring Disclosed Configurations for Inter-Personal Location Sharing

Continuous location sharing (CLS) can foster intimacy, for example, for couples in long-distance relationships. However, turning off CLS can then raise suspicions. To address this, we developed nuanced sharing settings in a focus group (N = 6) and implemented them to moderate CLS in an Android app. Crucially, the app also discloses each person’s current sharing settings to the partner. In a 16-day field study, four couples interacted with our app and the disclosed configurations, confirming the disclosure’s positive effect on transparency. However, features obfuscating the location were considered superfluous, as participants preferred sharing their location exactly or not at all. While participants overall appreciated having the configuration options, changes in their partners’ configurations raised questions about their motivations. Instead, participants would adjust the configuration for different intimacy levels (colleague vs. partner) rather than different activities when using CLS with the same person.