Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Young Children’s Risk-Taking: Mothers’ Authoritarian Parenting Predicts Risk-Taking by Daughters but Not Sons

We investigated how mothers’ parenting behaviors and personal characteristics were related to risk-taking by young children. We tested contrasting predictions from evolutionary and social role theories with the former predicting higher risk-taking by boys compared to girls and the latter predicting that mothers would influence children’s gender role development with risk-taking occurring more in children parented with higher levels of harshness (i.e., authoritarian parenting style). In our study, mothers reported their own gender roles and parenting styles as well as their children’s risk-taking and activities related to gender roles. The results were only partially consistent with the two theories, as the amount of risk-taking by sons and daughters did not differ significantly and risk-taking by daughters, but not sons, was positively related to mothers’ use of the authoritarian parenting style and the girls’ engagement in masculine activities. Risk-taking by sons was not predicted by any combination of mother-related variables. Overall, mothers who were higher in femininity used more authoritative and less authoritarian parenting styles. Theoretical implications as well as implications for predicting and reducing children’s risk-taking are discussed.
Solarization of Commercial Peat in Transparent Polyethylene Bags and its Effect on Survival of Some Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Two experiments were held to test the effect of solarization as a disinfestation non-chemical method of peat moss, a potential source of pathogenic fungal inocula. Solarization took place in spring and summer, 2004, of transparent polyethylene bags filled with ar- tificially infested sphagnum peat moss with Pythium aphanidermatum and Fusarium oxysporum. Average daily maximum temperatures of solarized bags at five cm deep reached 51 and 54.2oC in the spring and summer experiments, an increase of 16.8 and 16.9oC, re- spectively, over temperatures of non solarized shaded bags. In the summer experiment, all tested pathogens were completely eliminated within two days at both depths, surface at 0-7.5 cm and inner layer of peat moss, 7.5-15 cm. In the spring experiment, however, F. oxy- sporum survived solarization better than P. aphanidermatum. It took six and eight days to eliminate the former at the surface and inner layer of the peat moss bags, respectively. The latter, on the other hand, took two and six days to be eliminated, respectively. The num- ber of both fungi was significantly not affected in the shaded bags with a fluctuation in the population. Solarization of peat moss in clear plastic bags is a very efficient, economical, safe and easy method to eradicate plant pathogenic fungi even at cooler seasons.
Cloning cDNA sequence coding the KSA-1 lectin from red alga Kappaphycus striatum cultivated in Vietnam

The red alga Kappaphycus striatum is economically important food species and extensively cultivated in Vietnam. This cultivated alga may thus now contribute as a source of not only carrageenan, but also other bioactive compounds for biochemical and medicinal uses. KSA-1 lectin from this alga has been evaluated for biochemical properties, including high-mannose binding specificity, N-terminal amino acid sequence and molecular mass. In this study, we have cloned the cDNA clone encoding the lectin KSA-1. The full-length sequence of cDNA clone of KSA-1 lectin encoded a polypeptide of 268 amino acids including initiating methionine, with four tandemly repeated domains of about 67 amino acids, and sharing 43% sequence identity. The primary structure and the amino acid residues interact with mannopentaose core structure per a repeat domain of the KSA-1 lectin highly resemble and match those of anti-virus the lectin family in lower organinsms, including bacteria [BOA from Burkholderia oklahomensis EO147, MBHA from Myxococcus xanthus and PFA from Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1], cyanobacteria [OAA from Oscillatoria agardhii] and red algae [ESA-2 from Eucheuma serra, EDA-2 from Eucheuma denticulatum, KAA-1 and KAA-2 from Kappaphycus alvarezii and KSA-2 from K. striatum]. Analysis of predicted secondary structure of KSA-1 showed twenty β-strands. Each repeated domain comprises the five β-strands and matches with number of β-strands of BOA lectin. Therefore, the red alga K. striatum could be a good source for application in biomedicine and biochemistry as materials for production of the functional lectin(s).
The Shift from Lexical to Subjective Readings of Spanish Prometer 'to promise' and Amenazar 'to threaten'. A Corpus-Based Account

Abstract The Spanish verbs amenazar 'to threaten' and prometer 'to promise' do not only have a lexical reading but can also yield a subjective one, whereby the likelihood of the event expressed in the infinitive receives a negative, resp. a positive, evaluation. Three hypotheses are being tested: 1) as an outcome of the illocutionary force and the subject commitment attached to lexical prometer, the subjective readings of the latter may be expected to score high on the probability scale, whereas the event introduced by subjective amenazar will score low, in line with the lack of illocutionary force and weak subject commitment in lexical reading of this verb. 2) The viewpoint substantiated by the two verbs also differs: Whereas e amenazar renders an event-oriented evidential reading from an internal point of view, prometer projects an external viewpoint leading to a more speaker-oriented subjective reading. 3) As a result of (l) and (2), prometer should easily combine with negatively oriented complements, whereas amenazar should resist taking positively oriented ones. The corpus research fully corroborates the first two hypotheses. The data, however, fail to unequivocally sustain the third one, especially because amenazar displays more flexibility than expected. Keywords: Subjectification, Subjectivity, Epistemic modality, Illocutionary force, Viewpoint, Spanish verbs, Prometer 'to promise', Amenazar 'to threaten'.
Volatiles in subduction zone magmatism

Abstract The volatile cycle at subduction zones is key to the petrogenesis, transport, storage and eruption of arc magmas. Volatiles control the flux of slab components into the mantle wedge, are responsible for melt generation through lowering the solidi of mantle materials, and influence the crystallizing phase assemblages in the overriding crust. Globally, magma ponding depths may be partially controlled by melt volatile contents. Volatiles also affect the rate and extent of degassing during magma storage and decompression, influence magma rheology and therefore control eruption style. The style of eruptions in turn determines the injection height of environmentally sensitive gases into the atmosphere and the impact of explosive arc volcanism. In this overview we summarize recent advances regarding the role of volatiles during slab dehydration, melt generation in the mantle wedge, magmatic evolution in the overriding crust, eruption triggering, and the release of some magmatic volatiles from volcanic edifices into the Earth's atmosphere.
The Competing Influences of Initial Depressive Symptomatology and Early Alliance on Early Outcome: A Preliminary Study

We examined 40 psychotherapies, some delivered in combination with pharma-cotherapy, which were all conducted by cognitive behavioral or psychodynamically oriented therapists in a general hospital center for the treatment of light to moder-ate depressive disorders. Our goal was to examine the relationship between early outcome (defined as change in Beck Depression Inventory scores between sessions 2 and 15) and early therapy alliance (as measured at sessions 1 to 5 by the Working Alliance Inventory). We also wanted to concurrently examine the effect of initial depressive symptomatology (BDI at session 2) on early outcome. For the entire sample, both early alliance and initial depressive symptomatology were found to significantly correlate with outcome, the latter more strongly so. However, after di-viding the patient sample into subgroups based on different initial levels of depres-sion, early outcome for patients with depression of intermediate severity was found to be better predicted by early alliance than by initial depression. These results sug-gest that there may be a patient subgroup for whom a good early alliance optimally mitigates the self-perpetuating action of initial depression.
Basic Needs and its Critics

In recent years the basic needs approach to development has aroused a great deal of interest among planners and policy-makers in developing countries, the international development community, and donors, both bilateral and multilateral'. lt received world-wide support at the World Employment Conference convened by the ILO in June 1976, when the member states agreed that "strategies and national development plans and policies should include explicitly as a priority objective the promotion of employment and the satisfaction of the basic needs of each country's population". The Conference adopted a Programme of Action which included a comprehensive and wide-ranging set of measures for the implementation of a basic needs strategy. Since then, the basic needs approach has been endorsed in several other fora, including the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations and the Non-Aligned Summit Conference held in Sri Lanka in September, 1976. The growing support for and endorsement of the basic needs approach has inevitably been accompanied, after an appropriate interval, by a rising tide of criticism which has conic from many quarters and taken many forms. The purpose of this article is to consider the validity of sonic of the most frequent criticisms levelled against the basic needs approach. But before taking up specific criticisms, it may be useful to mention some other factors which are contributing to a general 'dislike' of the basic needs approach on the part of many persons and countries.
Effects of wastewater treatment plant pollution on in-stream ecosystems functions in an agricultural watershed

We studied the effect of point-source and non-point-source pollution on the retention capacity of the stream and its link with the metabolic state (primary production and respiration) and invertebrates assem- blages in a third order Mediterranean stream. Two experimental sites were chosen: one in the upper part of the catchment (Montegut site) characterized by low concentrations in nitrate and phosphate and one in the lower part of the catchment (Lezat site) characterized by high nitrate and phosphorus concentrations. Both experimental sites were located on reaches that included a Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) point nutrient source allowing discussion of the relative effects of point-source and non-point-source nutrients loads on ecosystem function (respiration and uptake rates) and aquatic organism assemblages. NH4 -N, and PO4x -P uptake rates were determined using solute additions conducted at constant rates (short-term nutrient addition procedure) and NO3 -N uptake rates were determined using instantaneous solute addition (slug addition procedure). Rates of gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration were determined using the open system, two-stations diurnal oxygen change method. Benthic invertebrate communities were investigated for species and functional feeding groups diversities measurements. Results show that autotrophy in the river results from nutrients of two distinct origins: point sources for phosphorus (urban area and WWTP) and non-point sources for nitrogen (agricultural zones) with local additions from WWTP inputs. Comparison between the two sites shows that the WWTP did not affect uptake rates, respiration or primary production of the ecosystem in the low-nutrient Montegut reach despite increase of invertebrates communities biomass density. Inputs from the WWTP, in the high nitrate and phosphate Lezat reach, increased respir- ation, lower benthic biomass and led to changes in the species composition and did not affect uptake rates.
The Role of Microfinance for Empowerment of Poor Women in Yemen

The objective of this paper is to identify the challenges facing the empowerment of women in Yemen. This paper is mainly based on the secondary data collected from the records of the Yemeni Government programmes viz., Social Fund for Development, Microfinance books, websites, official reports and other sources related to the research subject. The mentioned study covers the period from 1997 to 2013 and the area for the study is Yemen. The result of the study reported that there are multiple factors affecting the empowerment of women in Yemen through microfinance such as customs and traditions, high interest rate, financial literacy, wrong religious perceptions, demanded collaterals. However, despite the difficulties and challenges facing women empowerment in Yemen, it is believed that women who are connected to microfinance programs have been positively affected with their households in various aspects as many studies revealed that.
VIRTUAL COMMUNITIES AS A COMMUNICATION INSTRUMENT FOR INFOMEDIARIES: TYPOLOGIES AND PROPERTIES

Virtual Communities provide effective means for client communication and retention. The role of Virtual Communities has been steadily increasing during the past five years. This paper explores how Virtual Communities may be utilized as an effective platform for organizations which act as infomediaries between various group of actors. Using the example of the SdK, a non-profit organization which advocates the interests of small investors in Germany, four different typologies will be developed in order to explore how this interest group can best fulfil its role as an infomediary. For each typology, the specific advantages and disadvantages will be discussed, yielding a specific diffusion path for Virtual Communities in similar settings.
Using information technology during the transport of the critically ill newborn: preliminary data from Slovakia

Background: Infants born outside perinatal centres may have com­promised outcomes due to unsatisfactory speed and efficiency of transfer to an appropriate tertiary centre. Newborns are among the most sensitive patients during the transition period after delivery. Adequate pre-transfer stabilization, safety during transport and ongoing intensive care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) are essential to improve the outcome of transported neonates. This paper aims to show new possibilities of closely monitoring the critically ill newborns requiring transport to a NICU. The authors present a communication tool for sharing information before, during and after the transport of critically ill neonates. The system is able to transfer digital data of the ultrasonographic scans, medical data, videos and photos of critically ill newborns. Physicians with limited training and diagnostic and therapeutic tools in regional hospitals can find it difficult to formulate a reliable clinical picture of the disease or abnormality. This information-sharing technology can prevent complications and the progression of particular disorders and can support surveillance. Results: During a period of three years, 38 newborns were transferred with the help of information technology (IT). The average birthweight was 2,024 g (min 650 g, max 4,150 g), average GA was 34.7 weeks (min 24, max 41). The most common diagnosis for transferring the newborns postnatally was respiratory distress syndrome or pulmonary maladaptation (23 cases, 61%). Conclusions: High-risk births inevitably occur in non-tertiary hospitals, despite committed attempts to transfer at-risk women to perinatal centers before delivery by obstetrics teams. Therefore, modifications to prenatal advice, together with improvements in neonatal transport network services and intensive care facilities, could significantly improve the survival of transported neonates and minimize morbidity.
Mathematical Modeling of Image Steganographic System

Image based steganography is a dangerous technique of hiding secret messages in the image in such a way that no one apart from the sender and intended recipient suspects the existence of the message. It is based on invisible communication and this technique strives to hide the very presence of the message itself from the observer. As a result it becomes the most preferred tool to be used by Intelligence Agencies, Terrorist Networks and criminal organizations for securely broadcasting, dead-dropping and communicating information over the internet by hiding secret information in the images. In this paper a mathematical model is designed for representing any such image based steganographic system. This mathematical model of any stego system can be used for determining vulnerabilities in the stego system as well as for steganalysing the stego images using same vulnerabilities. Based on these mathematical foundations three steganographic systems are evaluated for their strengths and vulnerabilities using MATLAB ©Image Processing Tool Box.
Venture capital investment: the role of predator–prey dynamics with learning by doing

This paper suggests that endogenous dynamics of the ‘predator–prey’ type can provide a contributing explanation for both high-venture capital concentration by industry and ‘boom and bust’ industry-level investment dynamics. We propose a model based on the idea that venture capitalists favor industries where they have significant experience and industries with a large pool of good investment opportunities. However, investment ‘uses up’ opportunities and therefore tends to deplete the pool of unexploited opportunities. The resulting industry-level interactive dynamics naturally give rise to venture capital investment cycles similar to observed patterns.
Issues underlying a common Sign Language Corpora annotation scheme

Corpus-based Sign Language linguistics has emerged as a new linguistic domain, and as a consequence large-scale and controlled video data repositories are under construction for different Sign Languages. Nevertheless, as pointed by (Johnston, 2008) no unified annotation scheme is yet available, which compromises any chance of comparing or reusing corpora across research teams. Another related issue is the comparability of descriptions and formalizations between SL linguistics and mainstream linguistics. In this paper, we address the issue of the definition of a common annotation scheme for Sign Language corpora annotation, distribution, exchange and comparison. In section 2. we discuss the challenge of building inter-operable corpora for corpus-based linguistics. We also examine existing annotation schemes or strategies proposed for SL linguistics. In section 3. we propose a small set of annotation tiers, based on Frame-Semantics, as a common annotation scheme. We also propose to add text-level as well as utterance-level metadata to this common annotation scheme, in order to broaden the range of future uses of SL corpora.
Variation of Morpho-Agronomic and Biomass Quality Traits in Elephant Grass for Energy Purposes According to Nitrogen Levels

Elephant grass is a tropical forage plant widely spread in Brazil, used mainly in the livestock sector and in cattle feeding. Because of its high productivity and photosynthetic capacity, this culture has also been considered an alternative source of renewable energy. Six clones of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) were evaluated under five levels of nitrogen fertilization (100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 kg·N·ha-1), in a randomized-block design with a split-plot arrangement with three replicates, from April 2010 to December 2012, in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes— RJ, Brazil. The objective was to obtain estimates of variation in morpho-agronomic traits and biomass quality. We observed that genotypes Cameroon-Piracicaba and Gua? u I/Z2 have great potential to be used, with maximum dry matter yields of 60.97 and 44.10 t·ha-1 per cut for energy purposes among the studied genotypes.
MODELLING SOLAR MAGNETIC FLUX AND IRRADIANCE DURING AND SINCE THE MAUNDER MINIMUM

Using sunspot number as input, we construct a model for the evolution of magnetic flux from strong elements in active regions to weak remnants during the solar cycle and thence estimate the historical record of irradiance from the Maunder Minimum to the present. The magnetic flux model is a fragmentation cascade starting with strong-field elements, which fragment into weak-field elements and then into a background field. The model indicates the mean total irradiance during the Maunder Minimum was between 1 and 1.5 Wm −2 lower than it is at present.
Learning and identity in literacy programs

This paper argues that identity is only relatively stable and is created and re-created in interactions between the individual and the social world that they inhabit and that learning is developed through social relationships. Through a study of adult literacy learners, it shows that people are not passive but they are constrained by the socio-cultural structures within which they act. It demonstrates that negative experiences of schooling impact on learning identities but participating in programs where students’ abilities and achievements are recognised by both their peers and tutors is crucial in changing negative views of their competence as learners.
Algorithms and computational complexity on the \(P_k\)-hitting set problem

The Pk-hitting set problem consists in removing a minimum number ψk(G) of vertices of a given graph G so that the resulting graph does not contain path Pk on k vertices as a subgraph. For instance, the corresponding vertex set for k = 2 is a vertex cover. Cubic graphs received more attention for this problem in the last decade, especially for approximation algorithms. In the present paper, we prove that the Pk-hitting set problem is NP-complete in the class of cubic graphs, for any fixed constant k > 4. Then, we design for cubic graphs a polynomial-time algorithm which is a 1.25approximation for the P3-hitting set problem, better than the best-known (1.57-approximation algorithm), and a 2-approximation for the P4-hitting set problem. Compared to other approximation algorithms, one of its force is its simplicity. We conjecture that for any cubic graph G and any constant k > 5, |V (G)| k 6 ψk(G). Moreover, if true, this lower bound is achieved by a family of graphs with arbitrary large value of ψk. As a consequence of Bollobas, Robinson and Wormald’s result [1, 21, 22], the conjecture is true for almost all cubic graphs. So our algorithm becomes a k2 -approximation for the Pk-hitting set problem for almost all cubic graphs, which is better than other constant approximation ratios. Finally, we design, for subcubic graphs, a polynomial-time algorithm which transforms any minimum Pk-hitting set into another one with the following property: itself and its complement are Pk-hitting sets. Besides, there does not exist such algorithm if the graph has at least one vertex with degree d > 4.
Optimal Power Flow Solution: a GA-Fuzzy System Approach

Optimal power flow (OPF) is one of the nonlinear problems of power system. The various algorithms for solving optimal power flow problem are found in the literature. The genetic algorithm (GA) based solution techniques are found to be most suitable because of their ability of simultaneous multidimensional search for optimal solution. This paper presents a novel GA-Fuzzy based approach for solving OPF. The GA parameters e.g. crossover and mutation probabilities are governed by fuzzy rule base. Algorithms for GA-OPF and GA-Fuzzy (GAF) OPF are developed and compared. The results obtained for these systems demonstrate that the GAF-OPF has faster convergence and lesser generation costs as compared to various methods tested for above systems.