Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Imbalanced Datasets on Security of Industrial IoT Using Machine Learning

Machine learning algorithms have been shown to be suitable for securing platforms for IT systems. However, due to the fundamental differences between the industrial internet of things (IIoT) and regular IT networks, a special performance review needs to be considered. The vulnerabilities and security requirements of IIoT systems demand different considerations. In this paper, we study the reasons why machine learning must be integrated into the security mechanisms of the IIoT, and where it currently falls short in having a satisfactory performance. The challenges and real-world considerations associated with this matter are studied in our experimental design. We use an IIoT testbed resembling a real industrial plant to show our proof of concept.
Spaceborne GNSS reflectometry for ocean winds: First results from the UK TechDemoSat‐1 mission

First results are presented for ocean surface wind speed retrieval from reflected GPS signals measured by the low Earth orbiting UK TechDemoSat‐1 satellite (TDS‐1). Launched in July 2014, TDS‐1 provides the first new spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite System‐Reflectometry (GNSS‐R) data since the pioneering UK‐Disaster Monitoring Mission (UK‐DMC) experiment in 2003. Examples of onboard‐processed delay‐Doppler maps reveal excellent data quality for winds up to 27.9 m/s. Collocated Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) winds are used to develop and evaluate a wind speed algorithm based on signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and the bistatic radar equation. For SNRs greater than 3 dB, wind speed is retrieved without bias and a precision around 2.2 m/s between 3 and 18 m/s even without calibration. Exploiting lower SNR signals, however, requires good knowledge of the antenna beam, platform attitude, and instrument gain setting. This study demonstrates the capabilities of low‐cost, low‐mass, and low‐power GNSS‐R receivers ahead of their launch on the NASA Cyclone GNSS (CYGNSS) constellation in 2016.
Simplified Method to Produce Human Bioactive Leukemia Inhibitory Factor in Escherichia coli

Background: Human leukemia inhibitory factor (hLIF) is a poly functional cytokine with numerous regulatory effects on different cells. Main application of hLIF is maintaining pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. hLIF indicated effective work in implantation rate of fertilized eggs and multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment. Low production of hLIF in eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic host’s problems for human protein production convinced us to develop a simple way to reach high amount of this widely used clinical and research factor. Objectives: In this study we want to purify recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor in single simple method. Materials and Methods: This is an experimental study, gene expression: human LIF gene was codon optimized for expression in Escherichia coli and attached his-tag tail to make it extractable. After construction and transformation of vector to E. coli, isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) used for induction. Single step immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) used for purification confirmed by Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) and western blotting. Bioactivity of the hLIF were tested by MTT assay with TF-1 cells and CISH gene stimulation in monocyte and TF-1 by real-time PCR. Induction by 0.4 mM of IPTG in 25°C for 3 hours indicated best result for soluble expression. SPSS indicated P [U+02C2] 0.05 that is significant for our work. Results: Cloning, expression, and extraction of bio active rhLIF was successfully achieved according MTT assay and real time PCR after treatment of TF-1 and monocyte cell lines. Conclusions: We developed an effective single step purification method to produce bioactive recombinant hLIF in E. coli. For the first time we used CISH gene stimulating for bioactivity test for qualifying of recombinant hLIF for application.
When Your View Goes Up In Flames: Effect of Wildfires on Real Estate Prices

Using a unique dataset containing over 2 million sales transactions for the Los Angeles and San Diego Basins, we investigate the pathways through which wildfires affect real estate prices, including the loss of visual amenities and proximity to burn scars. We further explore how two information signals affect homeowners’ wildfire risk perceptions. First, we test whether homeowners, in a high risk zone, update their risk beliefs in response to a wildfire event through property prices. Second, we take advantage of an exogenous update in the risk zone delineation to test if a change in risk zone affects risk perceptions through property prices. Throughout the paper, our main identification strategy takes advantage of a rich repeat sales dataset to control for house and neighborhood time-invariant unobservables. Findings reveal a 2 to 9% decrease in the price of properties with a burn scar view, but significant only for the first year post-fire. In contrast, there is no significant effect of proximity once controlling for the presence or absence of a burn scar view. Somewhat surprisingly, we do not find evidence that a wildfire event or update in the risk zone assignment significantly affect the value of high-risk properties. These findings suggest that those signals do not actually convey novel information to homeowners. JEL codes: Q51, Q54, Q58, R31
Implementation of a Grating-type Spatial Optical Switch based on Phase Change Material and its Static Measurement

We have implemented a new grating-type spatial optical reflection switch based on phase change material (PCM) for usage at optical communication wavelength. This grating device switches on/off the light or steers the light propagation direction by switching the PCM grating between its amorphous and crystalline states. Thus, the switching status is non-volatile and the device is promising for power saving optical network. Based on the design by numerical computations, the prototype grating device was fabricated by electron beam lithography and laser interference lithography techniques. The static switching characteristics were measured by optical diffraction experiments for the two states of the grating.
Bacterial Display Peptides for Use in Biosensing Applications

Peptide affinity reagent technology including bacterial display encapsulates an in vitro analog of classical Darwinian evolution through a physical linkage between polypeptide sequence and the encoding of genetic information. Similar to the inate human imune system a unique binder is isolated, however, in this directed evolution method a large library displaying billions of diverse peptide sequences is created and the sythetic binder to the target of interest is determined. Subsequently the synthetic reagent is mass-produced for use in the specific biosensing application (Park & Cochran, 2010; Stratis-Cullum & Sumner 2008). Currently, a number of systems, including messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and ribosome display (Wilson, Keefe, & Szostak, 2001 ), eukaryotic virus display (Bupp and Roth, 2002; Muller, 2003), and bacterial and yeast surface display (Georgiou et al., 1997, Boder & Wittrup, 1997), are used to rapidly generate affinity reagents that can be used for diagnostics, proteomics, and therapeutic applications (Kodadek, 2001; Nixon, 2002). Bacterial cell surface display is advantageous because the use of bacterial cells simplifies the polypeptide selection method and enables fast screening of potential recognition elements typically using fluorescence activated cell-sorting (FACS) and/or magnetic activated cellsorting (MACS). Polypeptide affinity reagents can offer more stable alternatives to antibody technology, enabling more rugged application in the field (e.g., enhanced thermal stability). A key advantage of bacterial display technology over traditional antibody creation as well as other peptide display alternatives is that it offers an strategy for generating tailor-made affinity ligands in a very short time period of several days (Georgiou et al., 1997; Bessette, Rice and Daugherty 2004), see Figure 1. The development of a bacterial display system suitable for robust reagent discovery has proven challenging (Lee, Choi & Xu, 2003). There are three main challenges in creating a high speed affinity ligand isolation technology against unknown/un-catalogued pathogens: (1) creation of a large (high diversity) and robust cell based library, (2) creation of an ultrahigh throughput, disposable screening system, and (3) gaining a fundamental understanding of the factors which influence binder performance along with this understanding the development of methodologies to enable universal isolation and optimization of ligand binder performance.
Has European Customs Union Agreement really affected Turkey's trade?

The numerous discussions regarding the advantages and disadvantages of Turkey's becoming a member of the Customs Union has been inconclusive. The empirical analysis that mostly focus on the changes in the volume of trade without much regard to the conjectural changes have also been insufficient. This study attempts to shed light on this issue in a formal analysis of Turkey's international trade by empirically accounting for the changes before and after the Customs Union Agreement (CUA). In doing so, we explicitly account for the concurrent changes in the macroeconomic environment that may have affected Turkey's trade with the rest of the world. Our empirical findings indicate that CUA has not only positively impacted on Turkey's trade, but also led to changes in the behaviour of both exports and imports with regards to their responsiveness to underlying variables.
The Impact of a Word of Mouth Mechanism on an Adoption of Changes in the Industrial Organization

In modern organizations, adaptation to the rapid changes in the market is a prerequisite to survival and growth. Many empirical studies have confirmed the assertion that employees’ attitudinal and behavioural reactions to change play a major role in success or failure of changes in their organizations. In this study, the process of the spread of an information about change by word of mouth (w-om) mechanism is presented. The effects of w-o-m mechanism on the change adoption is investigated, because this is a crucial tool in this sphere. The w-o-m communication has been supported by an external field (meetings, leaflets, etc.) and the leaders. Cellular automaton is used as a modelling tool, because it allows to analyse the dynamics of changes in views and attitudes in social groups based on local interactions between people in small informal groups. Informal groups of employees are represented by the von Neumann’s neighbourhood of radius r = 1 (4-element neighbourhood) and Moore’s neighbourhood of radius r = 1 (8-element neighbourhood). The employees’ environment in the model is shown as a discrete twodimensional space, which consists of a finite square lattice of cells. Simulations were carried out for a different density of lattice. This possibility allows to take into account the natural fact, that informal groups have a different size, or a larger or smaller number of w-o-m contacts. Precise results of experiments showed high usefulness of cellular automata approach in the discussed area.
Verrucous carcinoma of the foot - A series of 4 cases

Most of patients having soft tissue lesion on heel/foot reffered to plastic surgeon because reconstructive options for heel/foot are difficult for general surgeons/orthopedicians. So as a plastic surgeon we should be aware of this rare but local tumor of foot , so that we can diagnose it early and manage properly. We present a case series of 4 patients of verrucous carcinoma of the foot. This is a rare, locally invasive, well differentiated, low-grade squamous cell carcinoma, with HPV as a possible causative agent. It follows a chronic course and mimics a variety of skin lesions, delaying diagnosis by up to 15 years. The definitive diagnosis is made histologically, and treatment by wide local excision is recommended. Our patients underwent wide local excision and reconstructed. Three patients had lesion on heel, were managed using reverse peroneal artery flap and fourth patient had lesion on forefoot, was managed using reverse medial planter artery flap. There were no postoperative complications. There was no functional impairment. Level of evidence - iv
Inflation Reports and Models: How Well Do Central Banks Really Write?

We offer a novel methodology for assessing the quality of inflation reports. In contrast to the existing literature, which mostly evaluates the formal quality of these reports, we evaluate their economic content by comparing inflation factors reported by the central banks with ex-post model-identified factors. Regarding the former, we use verbal analysis and coding of inflation reports to describe inflation factors communicated by central banks in real time. Regarding the latter, we use reduced-form, new Â­Keynesian models and revised data to approximate the true inflation factors. Positive correlations indicate that the reported inflation factors were similar to the true, model-identified ones and hence mark high-quality inflation reports. Although central bank reports on average identify inflation factors correctly, the degree of forward-looking reporting varies across factors, time, and countries.
Non-Linear Analysis of Physiological Activities , And Physical Performance during a Self-Pace Time-Trial Cycling Exercise

Recently, in exercise physiology, a new model to regulate the central neural effort and fatigue has been proposed. This model is called the Central Governor Model (CGM) which theorizes that physical activity is controlled by a regulator in the central nervous system, and that the human body works as a complex integrative system. However, CGM is a highly contentious theory which has far from complete acceptance within the exercise physiology community. Therefore, this paper addresses and analyses some important aspects of this model. To analyse the irregular and complex physiological control signals, nonlinear mathematical methods that are fractal analysis and recurrence analysis were employed in this research to find out respectively the complexity and the characteristics of physiological signals during a self-paced time-trial cycling exercise. Results showed that the characteristics and complexity of the cardiovascular control system were significantly different from that of the respiratory system. Moreover, different physical body anthropometrics demonstrated similar complexity and characteristics for each type of physiological control system. This research attempted to relate the complexity and characteristics of physiological activities with the performance of the cyclists.
A Workflow for Supplementing a Latvian-English Dictionary with Data from Parallel Corpora and a Reversed English-Latvian Dictionary

The lexicon of contemporary languages is changing rapidly, mostly by acquiring new loans and derivations. The change in lexicon is best reflected in the corpora of contemporary languages. Nowadays many collections of parallel-aligned texts are available electronically. To satisfy user needs for a modern, complete, up-to-date dictionary, we created a workflow for enriching the existing Latvian-English dictionary with data from parallel corpora containing lexis commonly used in contemporary language, as well as data from the reversed English-Latvian dictionary. While revising the existing Latvian-English dictionary, we identified some issues, for example, missing feminine forms of the nouns naming nationalities and occupations, representation of the words with optional parts or spelling variations. The task of dictionary improvement was done semi-automatically by the joint work of a lexicographer, computational linguists and programmers. Such natural language processing tools as a tokenizer, part-of-speech tagger, lemmatizer and spell-checker were used to reduce the manual work. As a result, the number of entries has increased by 32%, and the number of translations by 28%.
The Evolution of Population Distribution on the Iberian Peninsula: A Transnational Approach (1877–2001)

Abstract Surpassing the national perspective usually adopted, the authors confirmed the existence of a pattern of population distribution common to the whole Iberian Peninsula in the long run. This pattern is clearly associated with geographical factors. These variables seem to have more weight in explaining changes between 1877/78 and 1940 than in the period from 1940 to 2001. The observation of the cross-border region has shown that proximity to the frontier has not generated any distinct pattern of population density on either side of the boundary line. The spatial coherence of the observed phenomena throughout the Peninsula and of its evolution, independent of the border between states, reinforces the importance of geographic factors in their explanation. At the same time, this verification opens up new issues related to the effect of national political and economic policies.
Insular woody daisies (Argyranthemum, Asteraceae) are more resistant to drought-induced hydraulic failure than their herbaceous relatives.

Insular woodiness refers to the evolutionary transition from herbaceousness to- wards derived woodiness on (sub)tropical islands and leads to island floras that have a higher proportion of woody species compared to floras of nearby continents. Several hypotheses have tried to explain insular woodiness since Darwin’s original observations, but experimental evidence why plants became woody on islands is scarce at best. Here, we combine experimental measurements of hydraulic failure in stems (as a proxy for drought stress resistance) with stem anatomical observations in the daisy lineage (Asteraceae), including insular woody Argyranthemum species from the Canary Islands and their herbaceous continental relatives. Our results show that stems of insular woody daisies are more resistant to drought- induced hydraulic failure than the stems of their herbaceous counterparts. The ana- tomical character that best predicts variation in embolism resistance is intervessel pit membrane thickness (TPM), which can be functionally linked with air bubble dynamics throughout the 3D vessel network. There is also a strong link between TPM vs. degree of woodiness and thickness of the xylem fibre wall vs. embolism resistance, resulting in an indirect link between lignification and resistance to embolism formation. Thicker intervessel pit membranes in Argyranthemum functionally explain why this insular woody genus is more embolism resistant to drought-induced failure compared to the herbaceous relatives from which it has evolved, but additional data are needed to confirm that palaeoclimatic drought conditions have triggered wood formation in this daisy lineage.
Iron ore sintering. Part 3: Automatic and control systems

The sintering process involves a large number of parameters, more than 500, each of which exerts a greater or lesser influence and needs to be controlled, within the possible limits, in order to optimise productivity, process stability, and standardise the composition and quality of the sinter produced. To comply with environmental legislation, a pollution control system must monitor the particle matter and gases generated and emitted into the atmosphere by the sinter plant. Automation and control sys tems are vital tools to assist plant operators in the monitoring of each stage of the sinter production process.
Pattern-based Face Localization and Online Projector Parameterization for Multi-Camera 3D Scanning

3D face modeling is a very important and challenging task in computer vision especially in the presence of an expression variation. It plays an important role in a wide range of applications including facial animation, human-computer interaction and surgery. Current 3D face imaging solutions are often based on structured light camera/projector systems to overcome the relatively uniform appearance of skin. This paper proposes a space-time scheme for 3D face scanning, employing three calibrated cameras coupled with a non calibrated projector device. The proposed solution is a hybrid stereovision and phase-shifting approach, using two π-shifted sinusoid patterns and a texture image. It involves a pattern-based face localization approach and an online projector parameterization. The experimental results further validated the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Modeling and Designing a Deadbeat Power Control for Doubly-Fed Induction Generator

Renewable energy systems, especially wind energy have attracted interest as a result of the increasing concern about CO2 emissions. Wind energy systems using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) have some advantages due to variable speed operation and four quadrants active and reactive power capabilities compared with fixed speed squirrel cage induction generators (Simoes & Farret, 2004). The stator of DFIG is directly connected to the grid and the rotor is connected to the grid by a bi-directional converter as shown in Figure 1. The converter connected to the rotor controls the active and the reactive power between the stator of the DFIG and ac supply or a stand-alone grid (Jain & Ranganathan, 2008). The control of the wind turbine systems is traditionally based on either stator-flux-oriented (Chowdhury & Chellapilla, 2006) or stator-voltage-oriented (Hopfensperger et al, 2000) vector control. The scheme decouples the rotor current into active and reactive power components. The control of the active and reactive power is achieved with a rotor current controller. Some investigations using PI controllers and stator-flux-oriented have been reported by Pena et al (2008). The problem with the use of a PI controller is the tuning of gains and the cross-coupling on DFIG terms in the whole operating range. Some investigations using predictive functional controller (Morren et al, 2005) and internal mode controller (Guo et al, 2008) have presented a satisfactory power response when compared with the power response of PI, but it is hard to implement one of them due to the predictive functional controller and internal mode controller formulation. Another way to achieve the DFIG power control is using fuzzy logic (Yao et al, 2007). The controllers calculate at each sample interval the voltage rotor to be supplied to the DFIG to guarantee that the active and the reactive power reach their desired reference values. These strategies have satisfactory power response, although the errors in parameters estimation and the fuzzy rules can degrade the system response. The aim of this chapter is to provide the designing and the modeling of a deadbeat power control scheme for DFIG in accordance with the present state of the art. In this way, the deadbeat power control aims the stator active and reactive power control using the discretized DFIG equations in synchronous coordinate system and stator flux orientation. The deadbeat controller calculates the rotor voltages required to guarantee that the stator active and reactive power reach their desired references values at each sample period using a rotor current space vector loop. Experimental results using a TMS320F2812 plataform are presented to validate the proposed controller.
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The success of fully programmable embedded systems will rest on the ability to efficiently program them at a high level of abstraction. Therefore, the architectural abstraction presented to the programmer, or programming model, must provide a balance between exposing certain machine details and hiding others. For this project, we implemented a framework for quantitative evaluation of programming model features. We use this framework to evaluate an initial programming model with a network routing application kernel.