Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health and well-being of university students before and during COVID-19 pandemic: A gender comparison

Objective COVID-19 has affected people’s health in various ways. University students are a particularly sensitive group for mental and physical health issues. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the mental and physical health of male and female first-year university students during and before COVID-19. Method Total of 115 first-year university students (54% male) answered questions about mental and physical health. The students were asked to estimate their physical activity, sedentary behavior, loneliness, stress, and sleep quality during COVID-19 opposed to before the pandemic. Result Males had fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression, and their self-esteem was higher than females (p<0.05). Over 50% of both genders estimated their mental health to be worse than before COVID-19. Larger proportion of males (69%) compared to females (38%) estimated that their physical health had worsened than before the pandemic. Larger proportion of females (38%) than males (14%) experience increased loneliness and stress (68% vs. 48%). Over 70% of both genders estimated increased sedentary behavior than before the pandemic, and larger proportion of males (76%), compared to females (56%), estimated that they were less physically active than before COVID-19. About 50% of participants estimated their sleep quality was worse than before COVID-19. Conclusion University students estimated their mental and physical health to have deteriorated during the pandemic. Therefore, it is important that the school and healthcare systems assist students in unwinding these negative health and lifestyle changes that have accompanied the pandemic.
Driver Behavior and User Acceptance of Cooperative Systems Based on Infrastructure-to-Vehicle Communication

Cooperative systems applying infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) communication to intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are a key means to ensure safe and efficient driving in the increasingly overloaded infrastructure. In the European project COOPERS (Co-operative Systems for Intelligent Road Safety), a 48-month integrated project cofunded by the European Commission, a simulator test of I2V communication systems was performed with 51 participants to evaluate driver behavior and user acceptance. I2V communication systems appear to influence driver behavior in a positive manner. Drivers remain calmer in stressful situations, and the direct influence on road safety can be observed in reduced driving speeds before dangerous situations occur. Thus, a positive indication for driver support during dangerous situations can be obtained. User acceptance results show that the already high expectations of end users toward cooperative systems are being exceeded. The fact that test subjects agreed to purchase cooperative systems, such as COOPERS, as soon as they are commercially available underlines the positive attitude toward the system.
Lifestyle patterns associated with common mental disorders in Brazilian adolescents: Results of the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA)

The association between lifestyle factors and mental health has been evaluated in isolation; however, there has been a lack of information about lifestyle patterns and Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in adolescents. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the association between sets of lifestyle patterns and the occurrence of CMD in Brazilian adolescents evaluated in a national school-based cross-sectional survey. The outcome variable considered was presence of CMD. Lifestyle patterns were identified from the Principal Component Analysis. Consumption of foods, water and alcoholic beverages, sleep, physical activity, and smoking were used to identify patterns as explanatory variables. Sociodemographic characteristics, administrative dependence of the school and, nutritional status, were considered adjustment factors in the regression model. A total of 70,427 adolescents were evaluated. The principal component analysis identified three lifestyle patterns: high consumption of ultra-processed foods and low consumption of unprocessed or minimally processed foods (pattern 1); high consumption of alcoholic beverages and tobacco in the last 30 days (pattern 2); and high consumption of water and high level of physical activity (pattern 3). In the adjusted model, in patterns 1 and 2, the third tertile presented greater chance of CMD (OR 1.68; CI 95% 1.51–1.87 and OR 1.38; CI 95% 1.19–1.60, respectively). In pattern 3, the second (OR 0.88; CI 95% 0.80–0.96) and the third (OR 0.80; CI 95% 0.72–0.88) tertiles presented lower chances of CMD among the adolescents evaluated. Therefore, we suggest that health-promoting practices aimed at adolescents include multiple behaviors, with the objective of ensuring physical, mental, and social well-being.
ECG pathology and its association with death in critically ill COVID-19 patients, a cohort study

Background We investigated the prevalence of ECG abnormalities and their association with mortality, organ dysfunction and cardiac biomarkers in a cohort of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods This cohort study included patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU of a tertiary hospital in Sweden. ECG, clinical data and laboratory findings during ICU stay were extracted from medical records and ECGs obtained near ICU admission were reviewed by two independent physicians. Results Eighty patients had an acceptable ECG near ICU-admission. In the entire cohort 30-day mortality was 28%. Compared to patients with normal ECG, among whom 30-day mortality was 16%, patients with ECG fulfilling criteria for prior myocardial infarction had higher mortality, 63%, odds ratio (OR) 9.61 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.02–55.6) adjusted for Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 and patients with ST-T abnormalities had 50% mortality and OR 6.05 (95% CI 1.82–21.3) in univariable analysis. Both prior myocardial infarction pattern and ST-T pathology were associated with need for vasoactive treatment and higher peak plasma levels of troponin-I, NT-pro-BNP (N-terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide), and lactate during ICU stay compared to patients with normal ECG. Conclusion ECG with prior myocardial infarction pattern or acute ST-T pathology at ICU admission is associated with death, need for vasoactive treatment and higher levels of biomarkers of cardiac damage and strain in severely ill COVID-19 patients, and should alert clinicians to a poor prognosis.
Effective strategies for implementing patient-centered care in cardiac care unit: An opportunity for change

BACKGROUND: Patient-centered care (PCC) is a cornerstone for health-care professionals to improve the quality of care they provide to patients with cardiac disease. However, implementation of PCC programs has always accompanied with unpredictable challenges and obstacles. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine effective strategies for the implementation of PCC from the perspective of patients and healthcare providers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present research was a qualitative study using conventional content analysis method in one of the university hospitals of Abadan University of Medical Sciences during 2019–2020. Purposive sampling was performed until data saturation was achieved. Data were collected through four focused group discussions and 24 in-depth semi-structured interviews with 22 health-care providers and seven cardiac patients. Depending on the interview process and the responses of each individual, the sequencing of questions was different from one participant to another. Data analysis was performed continuously and concurrently with data collection, using a comparative method. RESULTS: After data analysis, seven subcategories and three main categories were extracted. The main categories included structural, process, and outcome strategies. The category of structural strategies included subcategories of nursing care organization, application of appropriate motivational mechanisms, and expansion of team coordination. Process strategies included three subcategories, namely, promoting communication, respectful and compassionate care, and the development of holistic care. Finally, the outcome strategy consisted of the subcategory of patient empowerment. CONCLUSION: The practical strategies for the implementation of PCC in coronary care unit revealed in this study were at structural, process, and outcome levels. Health-care managers and administrators can avail themselves of the findings of the present study to promote the quality care for cardiac care unit patients and improve patient satisfaction.
Polycomb repressive complex 2 in adult hair follicle stem cells is dispensable for hair regeneration

Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are multipotent cells that cycle through quiescence and activation to continuously fuel the production of hair follicles. Prior genome mapping studies had shown that tri-methylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3), the chromatin mark mediated by Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), is dynamic between quiescent and activated HFSCs, suggesting that transcriptional changes associated with H3K27me3 might be critical for proper HFSC function. However, functional in vivo studies elucidating the role of PRC2 in adult HFSCs are lacking. In this study, by using in vivo loss-of-function studies we show that, surprisingly, PRC2 plays a non-instructive role in adult HFSCs and loss of PRC2 in HFSCs does not lead to loss of HFSC quiescence or changes in cell identity. Interestingly, RNA-seq and immunofluorescence analyses of PRC2-null quiescent HFSCs revealed upregulation of genes associated with activated state of HFSCs. Altogether, our findings show that transcriptional program under PRC2 regulation is dispensable for maintaining HFSC quiescence and hair regeneration.
Wellbeing as a policy framework for health promotion and sustainable development

Abstract For years Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has served as a key indicator of human progress and “successful” societies. Unfortunately, GDP has failed to robustly capture the human experience or predict resilience through crises; and obscures the presence of inequity -- a key determinant of suffering. It is clear the global community needs a new organizing principle: one that envisions and measures progress by focusing on the conditions that support health, resilience, and overall wellbeing. This paper examines key health promotion concepts and approaches, juxtaposed with philosophical underpinnings of the concept of wellbeing, alternative measurement strategies, and examples of wellbeing policy initiatives. In doing so, the paper highlights the relevance of wellbeing policy frameworks to health promotion, the utility of health promotion strategies for implementing wellbeing policy frameworks, and controversies and pitfalls that require consideration. The paper concludes by outlining how health promotion is uniquely poised to contribute to wellbeing policy frameworks that promote the sources of human and planetary thriving through sustainable development, and that promoting a wellbeing agenda can strengthen efforts to promote health by addressing social determinants and ensuring universal access to resources that support coping with emerging challenges and strengthen resilience.
Attack of the dark clones the genetics of reproductive and color traits of South African honey bees (Apis mellifera spp.)

The traits of two subspecies of western honey bees, Apis mellifera scutellata and A.m. capensis, endemic to the Republic of South Africa (RSA), are of biological and commercial relevance. Nevertheless, the genetic basis of important phenotypes found in these subspecies remains poorly understood. We performed a genome wide association study on three traits of biological relevance in 234 A.m. capensis, 73 A.m. scutellata and 158 hybrid individuals. Thirteen markers were significantly associated to at least one trait (P ≤ 4.28 × 10−6): one for ovariole number, four for scutellar plate and eight for tergite color. We discovered two possible causative variants associated to the respective phenotypes: a deletion in GB46429 or Ebony (NC_007070.3:g.14101325G>del) (R69Efs*85) and a nonsense on GB54634 (NC_007076.3:g.4492792A>G;p.Tyr128*) causing a premature stop, substantially shortening the predicted protein. The mutant genotypes are significantly associated to phenotypes in A.m. capensis. Loss-of-function of Ebony can cause accumulation of circulating dopamine, and increased dopamine levels correlate to ovary development in queenless workers and pheromone production. Allelic association (P = 1.824 x 10−5) of NC_007076. 3:g.4492792A>G;p.Tyr128* to ovariole number warrants further investigation into function and expression of the GB54634 gene. Our results highlight genetic components of relevant production/conservation behavioral phenotypes in honey bees.
Bayesian Network Analysis and its Sensitivity Analysis for the Questionnaire Investigation on SNS

Social Networking Service (SNS) is prevailing rapidly in Japan in recent years. The most popular ones are Facebook, mixi, and Twitter, which are utilized in various fields of life together with the convenient tool such as smart-phone. In this work, a questionnaire investigation is carried out in order to clarify the current usage condition, issues and desired functions. More than 1,000 samples are gathered. Bayesian network is utilized for this analysis. Sensitivity analysis is carried out by setting evidence to all items. After conducting the sensitivity analysis, useful results are obtained. Differences in usage objectives and SNS sites are made clear by the attributes and preference of SNS users. They can be utilized effectively for marketing by clarifying the target customer through the sensitivity analysis.
HOW TO INFER THE POSSIBLE MECHANISM AND CHARACTERISTICS OF EARTHQUAKES FROM THE STRIATIONS AND GROUND SURFACE TRACES OF EXISTING FAULTS

The instrumented period for earthquakes is relatively short to understand their mechanism and characteristics in many countries. Even at present time, there are many areas in the world where seismic instruments are still insufficient. Therefore, it is very difficult to know the mechanism and the characteristics of future earthquakes in any place because of either the lack of instrumentation and/or the shortness of the instrumented period. In this article, the authors present a methodology for inferring the possible mechanism and characteristics of earthquakes from the ground surface traces and striations of existing faults. The methodology is then applied to the faults of certain locations in Turkey and compared with actual observations in order to see its validity and applicability.
Technical and economic aspects of the supply of reactive power in England and Wales

The paper discusses some problems of supplying reactive power in the transmission and distribution systems of England and Wales. The overall reactive-power requirements of the inductive loads of consumers and the shunt and series inductances of the system are reviewed and their effect on generator characteristics is examined. Consideration is given to the problems of supplying the demand for reactive power by means of the generators, system capacitance and compensating devices, and a scheme is outlined for the effective control of reactive power and voltage. An example is given relating to the possible conditions when the system load reaches 30 GW, and it is shown that the kVAr/kW ratio at bulk supply points for the optimum loading of the generators postulated is about 0.4 (0.93 lagging power factor) at times of peak load. Estimates are made of the extra cost of providing and operating a power-supply system to transmit reactive power as well as active power. Consideration is given to various forms of tariff adjustment for reactive-power supply, leading to a preference for separate charges for active and reactive power demands. The advantages and disadvantages of generating reactive power at or near the load, by the consumer or by the supply authority, are discussed. It is concluded that present methods of tariff adjustment are generally effective in inducing consumers to limit their demands for reactive power to an extent which would make uneconomic the provision of additional sources of reactive power on distribution systems.
Challenging Traditional Paradigms in Posttraumatic Pulmonary Thromboembolism.

Importance Pulmonary clots are seen frequently on chest computed tomography performed after trauma, but recent studies suggest that pulmonary thrombosis (PT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) after trauma are independent clinical events. Objective To assess whether posttraumatic PT represents a distinct clinical entity associated with the nature of the injury, different from the traditional venous thromboembolic paradigm of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and PE. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study was conducted by the Consortium of Leaders in the Study of Traumatic Thromboembolism (CLOTT) study group. The study was conducted at 17 US level I trauma centers during a 2-year period (January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020). Consecutive patients 18 to 40 years of age admitted for a minimum of 48 hours with at least 1 previously defined trauma-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk factor were followed up until discharge or 30 days. Exposures Investigational imaging, prophylactic measures used, and treatment of clots. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes of interest were the presence, timing, location, and treatment of any pulmonary clots, as well as the associated injury-related risk factors. Secondary outcomes included DVT. We regarded pulmonary clots with DVT as PE and those without DVT as de novo PT. Results A total of 7880 patients (mean [SD] age, 29.1 [6.4] years; 5859 [74.4%] male) were studied, 277 with DVT (3.5%), 40 with PE (0.5%), and 117 with PT (1.5%). Shock on admission was present in only 460 patients (6.2%) who had no DVT, PT, or PE but was documented in 11 (27.5%) of those with PE and 30 (25.6%) in those with PT. Risk factors independently associated with PT but not DVT or PE included shock on admission (systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg) (odds ratio, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.72-4.39; P < .001) and major chest injury with Abbreviated Injury Score of 3 or higher (odds ratio, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.16-2.56; P = .007). Factors associated with the presence of PT on admission included major chest injury (14 patients [50.0%] with or without major chest injury with an Abbreviated Injury Score >3; P = .04) and major venous injury (23 [82.1%] without major venous injury and 5 [17.9%] with major venous injury; P = .02). No deaths were attributed to PT or PE. Conclusions and Relevance To our knowledge, this CLOTT study is the largest prospective investigation in the world that focuses on posttraumatic PT. The study suggests that most pulmonary clots are not embolic but rather result from inflammation, endothelial injury, and the hypercoagulable state caused by the injury itself.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Secondary to Manic Episodes with Hypersexuality in Bipolar Disorder: A Case Study of Forensic Psychotherapy

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can arise as a secondary condition to a primary bipolar disorder, an aspect which may be overlooked by clinicians and thus may contribute to the exacerbation of the bipolar disorder itself. The occurrence of manic symptoms can have a traumatic impact on a patient unaware of her/his diagnosis, especially during symptom remission. The present work describes a clinical case of a woman with type-1 bipolar disorder and PTSD secondary to previous manic episodes characterized by hypersexuality. This clinical case is characterized by the fact that the patient had not received an adequate psycho-educational intervention making her aware of bipolar symptoms and helping her to elaborate the trauma of hypersexuality experienced after remission. The psychodiagnostic and psychotherapeutic assessment procedures are described and the forensic psychiatric implications related to the importance of timely and evidence-based intervention on this comorbidity are discussed. Identification of the primary pathology may be complicated by behaviours provoked by the psychiatric symptoms which put these patients at risk of becoming victims of abuse. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly understand these dynamics in order to promptly provide the patient with the correct therapeutic pathways.
ENHANCED BAT ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMAL DESIGN OF SKELETAL STRUCTURES

In this article, an improvement is proposed for bat algorithm and it is utilized for size optimization of skeletal structures consisting of truss and frame structures. Various optimization problems are implemented to demonstrate the ability of the enhanced bat algorithm. These numerical examples are along with different constraints and loading conditions such as stress, displacement and frequency constraints, static and time history dynamic loadings. Furthermore, these optimization problems are in two form of discrete and continuous. Results show the suitability and efficiency of the present algorithm for optimal design of skeletal structures.
On the feasible polygon classifications of linear switched reluctance machines

This paper provides a systematic guidance for linear switched reluctance machine design. By classifying the feasible polygons for desired machine operations, the physical size limits of either longitudinal or transverse flux linear machine poles and pole pitches can be determined. Also, with appropriate objective function selections, the constraints for associated machine optimization studies can be defined from the polygon boundaries. Comparison verifications are provided to show the adequacies and capabilities of the proposed algorithms.
Long-Range Monosynaptic Inputs Targeting Apical and Basal Dendrites of Primary Motor Cortex Deep Output Neurons.

The primary motor cortex (M1) integrates various long-range signals from other brain regions for the learning and execution of goal-directed movements. How the different inputs target the distinct apical and basal dendrites of M1 pyramidal neurons is crucial in understanding the functions of M1, but the detailed connectivity pattern is still largely unknown. Here, by combining cre-dependent rabies virus tracing, layer-specific chemical retrograde tracing, optogenetic stimulation, and electrophysiological recording, we mapped all long-range monosynaptic inputs to M1 deep output neurons in layer 5 (L5) in mice. We revealed that most upstream areas innervate both dendritic compartments concurrently. These include the sensory cortices, higher motor cortices, sensory and motor thalamus, association cortices, as well as many subcortical nuclei. Furthermore, the dichotomous inputs arise mostly from spatially segregated neuronal subpopulations within an upstream nucleus, and even in the case of an individual cortical layer. Therefore, these input areas could serve as both feedforward and feedback sources albeit via different subpopulations. Taken together, our findings revealed a previously unknown and highly intricate synaptic input pattern of M1L5 neurons, which implicates that the dendritic computations carried out by these neurons during motor execution or learning are far more complicated than we currently understand.