Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Fatigue Loading on the Residual Stress Distribution in Prestressing Steel Wires

Abstract: This paper analyzes the influence of fatigue loading on the residual stress profile in high strength steel wires. To this end, different sinusoidal loads with diverse values of maximum loading level and number of cycles were simulated on wires in which s everal residual stress profiles had been previously introduced, some of them with a tensile state and others with a compressive state. An analysis was made of the evolution with time of such residual stress laws by comparing them at key instants of loading, that is , at initial instant, at maximum load, at minimum load and at final instant. Numerical results show only a minor influence of fatigue loadin g on the residual stress profile. Key words: Prestressing steel wires, cold drawing, fatigue, residual stress redistribution. 1. Introduction  The drawing process applied in the manufacture of prestressing steel wire (widely used in structural elements) usually produces residual stresses in the material [1, 2], even without any external loading or thermal gradients applied on the wire. The profile of these stress states can present different configurations [3], but in all of them the maximum value of stress is placed at the external surface of the wire. The evolution of the residual stress is decreasing with depth until reaching a value after which it may be assumed as constant throughout the internal section of the wire. Common values at which residual stresses become zero are usually about a tenth of millimetre [3]. Residual stresses play an important role in the process of initiation of surface cracks. It is well known that the industrial use of different surface treatments, e.g., shot peening, provides compressive residual stress at the material surface, thus delaying the initiation and propagation of cracks [4]. For these reasons it is essential to know the evolution of the residual stress
Motion and operation planning of robotic systems : background and practical approaches

Path-Planning and Trajectory-Planning Algorithms: A General Overview. - Off Line and Real Time Planning Strategies. - Grasping and Manipulation of Unknown Objects Based on Visual and Tactile Feedback. - Obstacle Avoidance with Industrial Robots. - Planning Automatic Surgical Tasks for a Robot Assistant. - Motion Planning Using Fast Marching Squared Method. - Car-like Robots Maneuver Generation. - Motion Planning of a Spherical Mobile Robots. - Online Walking Pattern Generation Using FFT for Humanoid Robots. - Hexapod Walking Robot Locomotion. - Robotic Manipulation within the Underwater Mission Planning Context: A Use Case for Benchmarking.
Sensitivity of WRF Model Output to Planetary Boundary Layer Height Variation over North Africa

The first intention of this work was the modification of the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) Yonsei University scheme (YSU) in order to improve the estimation of Planetary Boundary Layer Height (PBLH) over Sahara desert during daytime. It is anticipated that the problem concerns the estimation of surface layer temperature. The surface boundary layer temperature, in the Revised YSU version (RYSU), is increased by (TSK-TT)/d when the skin temperature TSK > TT. It is found that when the parameter TT is 40o C the optimal value of the parameter d is around 3.5. Evaluation of WRF model forecast output when implemented with RYSU shows better performance for PBL atmospheric variables. The other intention of this work is to study the impact of using the WRF model implemented with RYSU scheme relative to that using YSU scheme. It is shown that the difference between the two models run is significant even far from the Sahara desert where the modification is applied. It is found that very small fast disturbances propagating out of a dipole vortex where the surface boundary layer temperature is modified excite specific locations forming local dipole vorticies. Out of these dipole vortices gravity waves propagate. Development that cause significant local variation in weather elements occur where the interaction evolve. It is found that deep convection areas are one of the possible specific locations where interaction can arises. One can argue that since very small propagating disturbances are part of our chaotic atmosphere, the side effect that resembles the Butterfly effect could be numerical rather than physical outcome.
Ridge regression and asymptotic minimax estimation over spheres of growing dimension

We study asymptotic minimax problems for estimating a $d$-dimensional regression parameter over spheres of growing dimension ($d\to \infty$). Assuming that the data follows a linear model with Gaussian predictors and errors, we show that ridge regression is asymptotically minimax and derive new closed form expressions for its asymptotic risk under squared-error loss. The asymptotic risk of ridge regression is closely related to the Stieltjes transform of the Mar\v{c}enko-Pastur distribution and the spectral distribution of the predictors from the linear model. Adaptive ridge estimators are also proposed (which adapt to the unknown radius of the sphere) and connections with equivariant estimation are highlighted. Our results are mostly relevant for asymptotic settings where the number of observations, $n$, is proportional to the number of predictors, that is, $d/n\to\rho\in(0,\infty)$.
Stable Chaos in the 12:7 Mean Motion Resonance and Its Relation to the Stickiness Effect

We follow the evolution of distributions of real and fictitious asteroids, initially placed in the vicinity of the 12:7 mean motion resonance with Jupiter. Our results show that, besides the well-known example of 522-Helga, other stable chaotic asteroids could, in principle, exist in this region of the belt. Most of the particles, though, attain Jupiter-crossing orbits within 50 Myr, under the influence of other close-by resonances (e.g., 5:3). However, the escape process is also controlled by the initial value of the critical argument $i$J. In this respect 522-Helga can, in fact, be the remnant of a larger initial distribution, as conjectured by M. Murison et al. (1994, Astron. J. 108, 2323‐2329). Numerical indications that quasiperiodic orbits exist among the nonremoved test particles support the idea that stable chaos may be a special realization of what is known in Hamiltonian dynamics as stickiness effect. This is also corroborated by the fact that the autocorrelation function, r (k) ,o f the action time series of stable chaotic orbits is almost a quasi-periodic function, in contrast to escaping orbits, for which r (k) decays exponentially. Implications to the problem of formulating a diffusive approach are also discussed. c ∞ 2000 Academic Press
Molecular characterization of Isoniazid and Rifampicin resistance strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from new tuberculosis cases in Lagunes Region (Cote D'Ivoire)

Tuberculosis remains in the world an important problem of public health. This study objective was to investigate the genetic basis of resistance to Isoniazid and Rifampicin of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains collected in Lagunes region, an area of high burden of tuberculosis. During primary resistance study, 196 smears positive new cases of tuberculosis were recruited in Lagunes region. Out of a sample of 31 strains, 17 were Isoniazid mono-resistant strains, 7 were multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains and 7 were susceptible to both Isoniazid and Rifampicin. Genotype MTBC assays and sequencing of mabA-inhA regulatory region, katG, inhA and rpoB genes were performed on all the strains. At least one mutation in the genes studied was found in 20 (83%) of the 24 resistant strains. Ser315Thr mutation was prominent in Isoniazid mono-resistant strains (9/13) and in MDR strains (7/8). Three of 16 Isoniazid resistant strains with Ser315Thr mutation had an additional mutation in the regulatory region. No mutation were found in 6 of the 7 susceptible strains. Molecular methods in tuberculosis laboratory may improve detection of tuberculosis case with drug resistance case.
Magnesium Sulphate and Dexmedetomidine used Intrathecally as Adjuvant to Bupivacaine: A Study

Background: Intrathecal adjuvants are used for prolongation of duration of subarachnoid block, and provide adequate analgesia. Aim: To evaluate the onset of sensory and motor block, level of sensory block, highest sensory level and Bromage grade at time of onset, induced by Dexmedetomidine and Magnesium sulphate when given intrathecally with 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia. Materials and methods: 90 patients, of ASA grade I and grade II, age 18-65 years, of either gender, height 150 cm and above and weight 50 kg to 80 kg, scheduled for lower abdominal and lower limb surgery under spinal anaesthesia. They were randomly assigned according to table of randomization into three groups, 30 patients in each group. Patients in Group A were given 15 mg hyperbaric Bupivacaine and 10 μg (0.1 ml) Dexmedetomidine and those in Group B were given 15 mg hyperbaric Bupivacaine and 50 mg (0.1 ml) magnesium sulphate. Patients in Group C were given 15 mg hyperbaric Bupivacaine and normal saline (0.1 ml) as control. The onset of sensory block, motor block, level of sensory and grade of motor block were recorded at the time of onset. Results: Onset of sensory and motor block was shorter in group Dexmed as compared to other two groups, and prolonged in group magnesium as compared to other two groups. The level of sensory block was higher at the time of onset and grade of motor block was more in group Dexmed than other two groups. Conclusion: Addition of Dexmedetomidine to Bupivacaine shortens the onset time whereas addition of Magnesium delays onset.
Spatial Abilities And Their Relationship To Computer Aided Design Instruction

Improving spatial visualization skills is often cited as an educational goal of engineering design graphics instruction. Many engineering design graphics faculty contend that working with 3-dimensional solid modeling software enhances the spatial abilities of their students. However, recent studies conducted at Michigan Technological University (MTU) indicate that merely working with 3-D software does not improve the spatial abilities of students by a signiﬁcant amount when compared to the gains achieved by activities associated with traditional graphics instruction (i.e., sketching, orthographic projection, isometric drawing, etc.). In the fall of 1998 a study was conducted at MTU to ascertain whether a student’s level of spatial ability is related to their ability to learn and use 3-D solid modeling software and/or 2-dimensional drafting software. In this study, students were administered three different tests designed to assess their level of spatial ability at the beginning of a computer aided drafting and design course. A questionnaire was developed to assess their level of ability in utilizing both the 3-D solid modeling software as well as a 2-D drafting package. Students turned in a copy of the completed questionnaire along with each homework assignment for the course. Correlation analyses were performed to determine if a person’s spatial skill level was an indicator of his/her ability to effectively use either of the software packages utilized in the course. The ﬁndings from this study are presented in this paper.
Preferences and behavior of cattle grazing 8 varieties of grasses

We compared the forage preferences of steers grazing among 8 varieties of grasses at 2 stages of phenology on the Northern Great Basin Experimental Range near Burns, Ore. Varieties included: ‘Nordan (Agropyron desertorum (Fischer ex Link)Schultes) and ‘CD-II’ (A. desertorum X A. cristatum (L.) Gaertner) crested wheatgrass; ‘Magnar’ and ‘Trailhead’ Basin wildryes (Leymus cinereus (Scribner & Merrill) A. Liive); ‘Golda? bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh)A. Liive); ‘Bozoisky-Select’ Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys junceus (Fischer) Nevski); ‘Bannock’ thickspike wheatgrass (Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus (Scribner & J.G. Smith) Gould), and ‘Secar’ Snake River wheatgrass (proposed nomenclature Elymus lanceolatus ssp. wawawaiensis (Scribner & J.G. Smith) Gould). Three esophageal-Bstulated steers grazed each paddock, with 3 paddocks grazed at the boot stage of development, and 3 paddocks grazed after grasses entered quiescence. In boot-stage trials, steers were very selective and collectively harvested 53% of total bites from the preferred CD-II and Nordan. These crested wheatgrasses also ranked higher (P 0.95, P < 0.01) with total bites harvested from varieties and are probably adequate for ranking relative preferences of steers. By selectively grazing at both stages of phenology, cattle diets were hlgher in CP, P, and ADL than the standing crop. During boot-stage trials, diets were also higher in Ca and Mg than forage analyses would suggest Except for phosphorus, the nutritive content of all varieties was satisfactory for lactating beef cattle at both stages
From Bipartite Network to Function: Online-Nearline-Offline Hybrid Music Recommendation

In order to solve problems of stubborn cold start, data sparseness and shortage of each single recommendation algorithm in the music recommendation, Online-Nearline-Offline hybrid MRS is used in this paper. By mixing collaborative filtering and PersonalRank algorithm according to their different characteristics, ONO hybrid model can rationally make up for the shortage reciprocally. Moreover, specific rules for cold start and K-Means for data sparseness are also put forward. For illustration, an entirely new user is utilized to go through the recommendation process both in single algorithm model and ONO hybrid model. The results show that the measured MAE reflecting the satisfaction is the most smooth and the lowest under the condition of hybrid MRS. The ONO hybrid MRS is superior in solving cold star problem, taking the capacity of data in each period into accounts and making up for the single algorithm shortages.
CEREBROCORTICAL AND MEDULLARY BLOOD FLOW CHANGES AFTER GENERAL OPIATE RECEPTOR BLOCKADE DURING HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK IN CATS

The effect of centrally induced opiate receptor blockade on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was studied in anesthetized, ventilated cats during the course of hemorrhagic shock. The blood flow of the medulla and the parietal cortex was measured with the H2-gas clearance technique. Hemorrhagic shock was produced by lowering the systemic mean arterial pressure to 60 mmHg for 120 min by blood withdrawal. Central opiate receptor blockade was induced by 10 μg/kg intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) injected naloxone at the 60th min of the bleeding period. Cortical blood flow showed no improvement after i.c. v. naloxone administration. Medullary blood flow, however, increased significantly and approached the pre-bleeding control flow values following central opiate receptor blockade. The results indicate involvement of endogenous opioid mechanisms in the regulation of rCBF during hemorrhage and may provide an explanation for the previously described beneficial effects of naloxone in hemorrhagic shock.
Histopathological study of response of Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon to bark and wood injury with and without inoculation by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora

Summary. Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Pch) is one of the main causal agents of tracheomycosis in grapevine. We characterize how this fungus affects the response of Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon to bark and xylem-tissue wounding after six weeks post-treatment. A histological investigation shows that, in xylem tissue, cell-wall modifications in response to wounding are related to suberin deposits rather than to lignin-induced wall thickening. The xylem response does not appear to be disturbed by Pch infection. Therefore, cell-wall modification strongly inhibits the development of wound-closure tissue (WCT) but does not prevent the differentiation of the necro-phylactic periderm. Hyphae localization in tissue surrounding the wound or inoculation sites indicates that Pch colonizes all cell types, such as vascular tissues, paratracheal parenchyma cells, fibers and rays. The results also suggest that efficient compartmentalization separating fascicular xylem portions is assured by thick suberized cell walls bordering the ray parenchyma.
The influence of sea- and land-breeze circulations on the diurnal variability in precipitation over a tropical island

Abstract. This study examines the diurnal variation in precipitation over Hainan Island in the South China Sea using gauge observations from 1951 to 2012 and Climate Prediction Center MORPHing technique (CMORPH) satellite estimates from 2006 to 2015, as well as numerical simulations. The simulations are the first to use climatological mean initial and lateral boundary conditions to study the dynamic and thermodynamic processes (and the impacts of land–sea breeze circulations) that control the rainfall distribution and climatology. Precipitation is most significant from April to October and exhibits a strong diurnal cycle resulting from land–sea breeze circulations. More than 60 % of the total annual precipitation over the island is attributable to the diurnal cycle with a significant monthly variability. The CMORPH and gauge datasets agree well, except that the CMORPH data underestimate precipitation and have a 1 h peak delay. The diurnal cycle of the rainfall and the related land–sea breeze circulations during May and June were well captured by convection-permitting numerical simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, which were initiated from a 10-year average ERA-Interim reanalysis. The simulations have a slight overestimation of rainfall amounts and a 1 h delay in peak rainfall time. The diurnal cycle of precipitation is driven by the occurrence of moist convection around noontime owing to low-level convergence associated with the sea-breeze circulations. The precipitation intensifies rapidly thereafter and peaks in the afternoon with the collisions of sea-breeze fronts from different sides of the island. Cold pools of the convective storms contribute to the inland propagation of the sea breeze. Generally, precipitation dissipates quickly in the evening due to the cooling and stabilization of the lower troposphere and decrease of boundary layer moisture. Interestingly, the rather high island orography is not a dominant factor in the diurnal variation in precipitation over the island.
Runoff and soil erosion modelling for sustained development of land and water resources under watershed concept

Runoff is the most important hydrological component for a design of any hydrologic structure and especially in the area of water scarcity. Soil erosion assessment is a capital-intensive and time-consuming exercise. A number of parametric models have been developed to predict soil erosion prone zone at structural terrains, even though Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), and it’s updated or modified versions are most widely used empirical equation for estimating annual soil Loss. Morgan, Morgan and Finney 1984 proposed a model on field base information and estimation had yielded point-based accuracy values.Watershed management or protection implies the proper use of all land and water resources for optimum production with minimum hazard to natural resources as watershed conservation planning. Therefore, it is necessary to study runoff and soil erosion simultaneously. This study demonstrated using MMF model that the rate of soil detachment (J) varied from 0.34 – 7.91 kgm-2, whereas the total average annual volume of runoff for the study area is around 94.9 mm. The estimated weighted average soil loss (G) at the outlet estimated by MMF model was 1.61 t ha-1 y-1. Hence, introducing appropriate interventions based on the erosion severity predicted by MMFmodel in the catchment is crucial for sustainable natural resources management.
CHINA'S WTO ACCESSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ITS REGIONAL ECONOMIES

This paper analyses the impact on China's economy from its accession to the WTO. Using a two-region Chinese CGE model, the analysis shows the gains China would derive from a more efficient allocation of resources and from the elimination of MFA quota. It also indicates that the gains are unevenly distributed across sectors and across provinces. The paper's most original contribution is to assess the impact at the regional level.
Ovarian Dynamic in Ongole Grade Cattle after GnRH Injection in Ovsynch Protocol Based on Progesterone Device

PO cattle have weaknesses to show clear estrus signs which cause difficulty in artificial insemination implementation. The present study was designed to obtain ovarian dynamic as effect of GnRH injection in ovsynch protocol based on progesterone intravaginal device. Heifers (18) and cows (n= 12) were allocated to one of three groups. Cuemate-PGF2α (CP) group inserted with a Cuemate on day 0-7 and injected with prostaglandin on day 7. Cuemate-PGF2α-GnRH (CPG) group was treated as CP group with the addition of GnRH injection on day 9. GnRH-Cuemate-PGF2α-GnRH (GCPG) group was treated as CPG group with addition of GnRH injection on day 0. Ultrasonography was performed on days 0-3, day 7 until ovulation and 7 days after ovulation. Percentage of ovulation synchronization increased significantly (P<0.01) between CP, CPG, and GCPG, respectively, both in heifers (16%, 50%, and 85%, respectively) and cows (0%, 60%, and 100%, respectively), on day 11. Preovulatory follicle diameters between CP, CPG, and GCPG treatments were not different significantly both in heifers (11.9±0.5, 11.9±0.5, and 12.1±0.6 mm, respectively) and cows (11.7±0.4, 11.8±0.7, and 11.1±0.6 mm, respectively). This study concluded that GCPG protocol increased the synchrony of ovulation rate both in cows and heifers, without affecting the follicle preovulatory and CL diameters. Key words: ovarian dynamic, GnRH, ovsych, PO Cattle
Response of meloidogyne hapla to mycorrhiza fungi inoculation on pyrethrum

Five arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) isolated from pyrethrum were screened in the greenhouse for efficacy in improving pyrethrum growth and in suppressing a root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla. The fungi screened were Glomus spp. (isolates LM61, ML34 and ML35), Scutellospora sp. (isolate KS74) and Gigaspora sp. (isolate LM83). A 20g mixed fungal inoculum was incorporated into sterilized sand-soil mixture before transplanting 6-week-old pyrethrum seedlings. The inoculum consisted of the growth medium, spores, external mycelia and infected root segments. The plants were inoculated with 6000 M. hapla second stage juvenile (J-2) 3 months after fungal inoculation. Dry shoot weights, fresh root weights, percent root colonization by the fungi, nematode gall indices, number of eggs and females in the root system and number of J-2 in the soil were determined at the end of the experiment, two months after nematode inoculation. Glomus LM61 and Scutellospora KS74 significantly improved top biomasses of fungus-treated and fungus-nematodetreated plants. Glomus LM61was more effective (33% top biomass increase). Glomus ML34 and ML35 and Gigaspora LM83 improved top biomasses of fungus-nematode-treated plants. Scutellospora KS74 and Glomus ML34 significantly increased fresh root weights of pyrethrum by 45% and 50%, respectively. Glomus LM61, Scutellospora KS74 and Gigaspora LM83 caused 86%, 32% and 37% nematode suppression, respectively. All the fungal isolates significantly reduced the number of females and J-2. The presence of nematodes in fungus-treated plants did not affect root colonization by the fungi except in plants treated with Glomus ML34 and ML35.