Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Genus and 12 New Species of Eunicidae (Polychaeta) from the Caribbean Sea

A new genus is established in Eunicidae: Fauchaldius gen. nov., a symbiont of hexactinellid sponges that has only subacicular hooks, with F. cyrtauloni sp. nov. as its type species. Nine new species are described in Eunice: E. hernandezi sp. nov., E. ibarzabalae sp. nov., E. mikeli sp. nov. and E. nonatoi sp. nov. all belonging to the fuscusbidentate group; E. edwinlinkae sp. nov., E. hartmanae sp. nov., E. lanai sp. nov., and E. miurai sp. nov. all belonging to the flavus-tridentate group; and E. donathi sp. nov. that belongs to the fuscus-unidentate group. Further, two new species are described in Marphysa: M. angeli sp. nov. that is grouped with species having only composite falcigers, and M. orensanzi sp. nov. that belongs to the group with composite falcigers and composite spinigers. A key to identify genera in Eunicidae is included. A key to identify species of Eunice is appended.
West-Central African Pleistocene Lowland Forest Evolution Revealed by the Phylogeography of Misonne's Soft-Furred Mouse

We studied the phylogeographical structure of Praomys misonnei (Rodentia: Muridae) in west-Central Africa based on 113 individuals from 31 localities and the sequencing of two mitochondrial genes (Cytb and CO1). Two clades can be identified through maximum likelihood, bayesian and network analyses: the first one is limited to the Korup National Park, while the second one has a broad geographical distribution in west-Central Africa. The second clade can be further divided into three sub-clades. The results of neutrality tests and mismatch distributions indicate that a population expansion occurred in these sub-clades. During the middle or upper Pleistocene, the west-Central African populations of P. misonnei may have been isolated in four different forest refugia, followed by population expansion and secondary contact during more humid periods. High genetic diversity was observed in the region of the Bakossi highlands, and the Cameroon Volcanic Line limits the geographical distribution of clades. Thus it seems likely that this volcanic line has in the past constituted a barrier that prevented the east—west exchange between P. misonnei populations through the expansion of the montane forest habitat. Our results also highlight the role of the Sanaga and Ogooué-Ivindo rivers in shaping P. misonnei genetic structure.
Handbook of Statistical Genetics

not have a speci c condition. Is a test result really accurate? How can the accuracy be quanti ed and compared? This book presents a comprehensive discussion of the accuracy of diagnostic tests. The book comprises two parts. Part I, “Basic Concepts and Methods,” begins by de ning the measures of diagnostic accuracy, such as sensitivity, speci city, and the receiver operating curve (ROC). This curve plots sensitivity, or the ability to detect a condition, versus its false positive rate (FPR). The next chapter deals with the design of diagnostic accuracy studies. There follow chapters on estimation and hypothesis testing, the comparison of the accuracy of two different diagnostic tests for the same condition, sample size calculations, and the use of meta-analyses. Part II of the book presents more advanced methods. Chapter 8 is concerned with the regression methods that quantify the effects of patient characteristics on the diagnostic accuracy of a test. Chapter 9 deals with correlated ROC curves, which might arise if there were multiple tests on the same patient or multiple readers for the same test result. The related topic of veri cation bias is the subject of Chapter 10, which gives methods for correcting results. Chapter 11 deals with correction when there is no good standard of comparison for accuracy. The  nal chapter presents statistical methods for meta-analysis. The medical value of this statistical methodology should be apparent to anyone. This material is not extensively covered in medical statistics textbooks. The comprehensive new textbook by Feinstein (2001), reported by Ziegel (2003), contains just a single chapter on diagnostic medicine. A typical book on biomedical statistics, the large new edition of the text by Woolson and Clarke (2002), reported by Ziegel (2003), does not directly discuss diagnostic testing.
Latent viruses of apple in new zealand

Abstract Indexing of a number of apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. ) cultivars and rootstocks in New Zealand has shown a high incidence of infection of chlorotic leaf spot, stem pitting, stem grooving, and M. platycarpa dwarf and scaly bark viruses. The high incidence of infection in apple trees is believed to have been caused by the working of new cultivars on infected rootstocks or to top-working of infected orchard trees.
Stereological and biochemical studies of kidney in diabetic mice treated with ethanolic extract of Urtica dioica L.: Introducing an anti-diabetic and nephroprotective agent

Urtica dioica L. is widely used as an anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypocholesterolemic, antiulcer, anti‐colitis, anticancer, hypotensive, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective agent. In the present study, the antidiabetic and nephroprotective potentials of U. dioica ethanolic extract was investigated against streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice. Male mice were divided into six groups: normal control, untreated diabetic, diabetic mice receiving 30, 90 and 270 mg/kg of plant extract (groups UD30, UD90 and UD270, respectively) or 30 mg/kg glibenclamide. At 20 day, the mice killed, dissected, then blood and kidney samples were collected for histological and biochemical parameters analysis. The data was analyzed by one way variance analysis and Duncan’s test using SPSS 21. Different doses of U. dioica (especially UD270) could significantly (p≤0.05) reduce the raised levels of blood glucose, urea, creatinine and volumes and lengths of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, collecting ducts, vessels and loop of Henle and increase the weight of body and levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) when compared to the untreated group. The results of the present study showed that under the present experimental conditions, ethanolic extract of U. dioica indicated antidiabetic and nephroprotective abilities against STZ induced kidney damage in mice. Conflicts of Interest: Declared None Funding: None
HATE SPEECH CLASSIFICATION IN ARABIC TWEETS

The rapid growth of using social media has produced some serious undesirable outcomes such as hate speech. Over the recent years, the amount of hate speech has widely spread and incredibly increased. Thus, there is a need to detect hateful content that may lead to violent actions and criminal activities. While most of the previous research focus on the detection of hate speech in English language and other languages, Arabic language is less emphasized and require more attention by the research community. This paper aims to present our work for detecting hate speech over Twitter platform as one of the main Online Social Networks (OSN) based on Arabic language. A dataset of 3000 tweets is collected in this work, which was experimented using Random Forest (RF), Naive Bayes (NB), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) as classification algorithms. In addition, feature extraction is conducted using Bag of Word (BoW) and Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF). Based on our experimental results, SVM maintained consistently high performance and outperformed other classifiers, and TF-IDF outperformed BoW, which consequently achieved the highest accuracy.
Two Newly Recorded Epistylid Ciliates, Epistylis chrysemydis and E. entzii (Ciliophora: Oligohymenophora: Peritrichida) in Korea

Two epistylid ciliates collected from the sewage treatment plant in Ulsan, Korea were identified as Epistylis chrysemydis Bishop and Jahn, 1941 and E. entzii Stiller, 1935. They were examined in vivo using Die microscope. Protargol impregnation used to reveal the infraciliature and cytological details. The improved diagnoses for these species are as followings. E. chrysemydis: peristomial lip has two bulges encircling the oral region and ciliary rows wound about one and half around peristome; one contractile vacuole located ventrally; stalk ramified hollow; membrane lies 1 and 3 are longer than membranelle 2. E. entzii: peristomial lip has one bulge encircling the oral region and ciliary rows wound about 1 and 1/4 to 1 and 1/3 around peristome; one contractile vacuole located dorsally; stalk ramified, not hollow; membrane lies 1 and 2 are longer than membranelle 3. They are new to Korean fauna.
Review of the species concepts Chara fibrosa and C. flaccida (Characeae, Charophyceae)

Abstract. Taxonomic circumscriptions of the charophyte taxa Chara fibrosa C.Agardh ex Bruzelius. and C. flaccida var. wightii A.Braun are revised, and both taxa are recognised at species rank, as C. fibrosa and C. wightii (A.Braun) Casanova. Both species are illustrated and a review of relevant morphological characters is also presented.
Antioxidant Dynamics in the Live Animal and Implications for Ruminant Health and Product (Meat/Milk) Quality: Role of Vitamin E and Selenium

The global population is predicted to grow to over 9 billion by the middle of 21st century, with 70% of people living in urban areas, and food demand is projected to grow by 70% by 2050. Climate change presents a series of challenges for global animal agriculture. As a result of thermal challenges associated with climate variability, availability of quality pasture, animal behaviour, physiological and immunological functions are potentially impacted. Oxidative status plays an important role in the regulation and maintenance of several physiological and immunological functions of the body. Ruminants are exposed to several environmental and metabolic challenges that can trigger oxidative stress. In this scenario, it is possible for an increase in free radical production and a depletion of antioxidant reserves, resulting in damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. Since oxidative stress can affect animal health and the quality of their products (meat/milk), antioxidant supplementation of ruminant diets represents a useful tool to sustain redox homeostasis when the ruminants are exposed to oxidative stress. This paper will examine the roles that oxidative stress plays in some physiological functions, and it will discuss the implications of antioxidant supplementation on ruminant health and production. Physiological levels of dietary antioxidants underpin efficient energy utilisation, optimal antioxidant potential, and balanced mitochondrial function to enhance protein deposition without impacting animal health. The research conducted over the last decade has improved the understanding of physiological functions of antioxidants, with selenium and vitamin E receiving particular attention. There is evidence that the functions of selenium and vitamin E extend beyond the classical antioxidant properties to immunomodulation especially when administered at higher doses than recommended. Improving the oxidative status of ruminants will play an important role in delivering high-quality milk and meat products to consumers. Considering the growing awareness among consumers of the benefits of antioxidant-rich food, there is a great opportunity for the livestock industries to focus on producing antioxidant-enriched milk and meat products or functional foods. Therefore, the premise of this paper is to review the recent developments in understanding antioxidant dynamics in ruminants and their role in reducing the impact of environmental stress and metabolic diseases. In addition, the paper will explore the putative implications that antioxidant supplementation has on the quality animal products and how the improved understanding can be best utilised to achieve efficient and sustainable animal production systems to ensure quality animal products for human consumption.
COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF ABIOTIC STRESS INDUCIBLE GENES AND PROTEINS FROM RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)

In this communication, various in silico based prediction tools were employed to localize various stress-inducible genes (dehydrin (viz., RAB16A), polyamine-biosynthesis enzyme (viz., SAMDC), transcription factors (OSBZ8, NAC1, DREBP2, CRT/DRE-BP, WRKY24/51/71), ion channels and membrane transporters (HKT1, NHX1, SOS3) and protein kinases (SAPK5/7)) on rice chromosomes and establish their exon-intron organization, characterize the upstream sequences of these genes or analyze the regulatory domains in the upstream regions. The selected genes were found in seven of the 12 rice chromosomes. A comparative search for the conserved elements in the 5'- upstream region of these genes revealed fourteen common and most frequent relevant potential regulatory motifs. Their significance was evaluated by searching for their presence in transcription factor binding site databases. In addition, bioinformatic tools were used to determine the amino acid composition, signal sequences and secondary structures of the corresponding proteins; their subcellular localization, phosphorylation sites and relative solvent accessibility, i.e., percentage of solvent exposed residues. The positional information of these motifs would provide a basis for designing in vivo experiments for more accurate promoter function annotation and in validating the expression of these genes/proteins during abiotic stress in rice.
Differences in the disposition of trichobothria in the Chernetidae (Pseudoscorpiones)

An analysis of the disposition of trichobothria in all the post-embryonic stages of six British species of Chernetidae, similar to that employed by Gabbutt (1969) in his study of the Neobisiidae, shows that a linear relationship exists between the successive position of named trichobothria. A model, based on growing and non-growing regions gives a good approximation to the data. The results are considered in relation to the use of trichobothrial position as an adult generic or specific character and as a device for separating the nymphs of this family.
Immune and endocrine aspects of physical and social environmental variations in groups of male rabbits in seminatural conditions

Endocrine and immune parameters, namely glucocorticoid receptors (GcR) and IFN-γ production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and corticosterone in plasma, were studied in groups of four male rabbits observed in seminatural conditions in relation to agonistic behaviour and to seasonal variations. These parameters were selected on the basis of the findings that the presence of GcR in PBMC gives an indication of the in vivo biological effects of glucocorticoids and that PBMC cytokine production and plasma corticosterone are related to social behaviour. The frequency of active and passive behaviours was used to rank the animals. Seasonal variations were present for agonistic behaviours (Attack, Follow, Chase) and for plasma corticosterone, which were significantly higher in winter. IFN-γ production in PBMC was increased after social interactions in both seasons, while plasma corticosterone was increased only in winter. GcR capacity in PBMC was decreased after social interactions. The results indicate that social and physical environmental factors are correlated with immune-endocrine functions.
IDENTIFICATION OF VESICULAR‐ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN ROOTS OF LEEK (ALLIUM PORRUM L.) AND MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) ON THE BASIS OF ENZYME MOBILITY DURING POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

Summary The mobilities of three enzymes, esterase (EST), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and peptidase (PEP), during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have been used to identify individual species of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in roots. The enzyme banding patterns obtained from mycorrhizal root extracts were compared with those of uninfected roots. Chlamydospores, external mycelium and internal mycelium (obtained by enzymic digestion of host root tissue) were used as controls to confirm the position of the fungal specific enzyme bands on the gels. Glomus caledonium (Nicol. and Gerd.) Trappe and Gerd. and Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe could be detected in leek (Allium porrum L.) roots against the host background by the mobility of bands of EST, GOT and PEP activity and it was possible to detect both G. caledonium and G. mosseae in leek roots which had been grown in the presence of a mixed inoculum, by staining for any of these three enzymes. Glomus mosseae could be identified in maize (Zea mays L.) roots by location of GOT and PEP activity but the major bands of EST, GOT and PEP activity in G. caledonium had the same mobility as those of maize and so this fungus could not be easily identified in this host using these experimental conditions. Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxter sensu Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe type E3 had a characteristic PEP band which was separable from leek and maize host bands and this fungus could also be identified in maize roots by the position on the gel of fungal GOT activity.
Phylogeography of Calomyscus elburzensis (Calomyscidae, Rodentia) around the Central Iranian Desert with Description of a New Subspecies in Center of Iranian Plateau

Calomyscus elburzensis Goodwin, 1938, was previously known from central and northern Iran to southern and southwestern Turkmenistan and northwestern Afghanistan. Its type locality is at altitude of 1200m elevation in the Kurkhud Mts. , North Khorasan province in northeastern Iran. This study provides new evidence that its range is more extensive than thought previously and central Iranian Mountains, Shirkuh (Yazd province)and Karkas Mts. in Isfahan and Zanjan provinces in the northwest were recognized as its distribution areas. Two major clades were detected within C. elburzensis from the analysis of two mitochondrial genes Cytb and CoI. The outline on m2 and karyotypes analyses also supported these two molecular clades; one northeast with 2n=44 and FNa=58, 60 and 62 and the other west and northwest of central Iranian desert with 2n=44 and Fna=70.The Statistical Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis (S-DIVA) suggested dispersal events from north east to the center of Iran occurred in two separate occasions. As 2.5% was the rather low level of sequence divergence between these two major clades, we assigned the central-northwestern brush-tailed mice as a subspecies of C. elburzensis and therefore we named as C. e. isatissus ssp. novo.
Storms can cause Europe‐wide reduction in forest carbon sink

Disturbance of ecosystems is a major factor in regional carbon budgets, and it is believed to be partly responsible for the large inter‐annual variability of the terrestrial part of the carbon balance. Forest fires have so far been considered as the most important disturbance but also other forms of disturbance such as insect outbreaks or wind‐throw might contribute significantly to the largely unexplained inter‐annual variability, at least in specific regions. The effect of wind‐throw has not yet been estimated because of lack of data on how carbon fluxes are affected. The Gudrun storm, which hit Sweden in January 2005, resulted in ca. 66 million m3 of wind‐thrown stem wood on an area of ca. 272 000 ha. Using a model (BIOME‐BGC) calibrated to CO2 flux measurements at two sites, the annual net ecosystem productivity during the first year after the storm was estimated to be in the range −897 to −1259 g C m−2 yr−1. This is a much higher loss compared with harvested (clear‐cut) forests in Europe, which ranged between ca. −420 and −100 g m−2 yr−1. The reduction in the carbon sink scaled to the whole wind‐thrown area was estimated at ca. 3 million tons C during the first year. By historical data on wind‐throw in Europe combined with modelling, we estimated that the large Lothar storm in 1999 reduced the European carbon balance by ca. 16 million tons C, this is ca. 30% of the net biome production in Europe. We conclude that the impact of increased forest damage by more frequent storms in future climate change scenarios must be considered and that intermittent large wind‐throw events may explain a part of the large inter‐annual variability in the terrestrial carbon sink.
Effect of turbulence on feeding of larval fishes: a sensitivity analysis using an individual-based model

Recent research has shown that turbulence can be important in the feeding of larval fishes. The interplay of turbulence with other important factors affecting larval feeding and growth rates is less known because of the difficult problems associated with multi-factor in situ experiments. We use an individual-based model (IBM) of the early life stages of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) to examine the sensitivity of growth and mortality to turbulence. This probabilistic and mechanistic model follows individual fish through the egg, yolk-sac larvae, feeding larvae, and juvenile stages, and includes development, behaviour, feeding, bioenergetics, and growth for each life stage. Biological processes are driven by physical factors (temperature, salinity, and turbulence) derived from a companion hydrodynamic model and configured for environmental conditions prevalent in 1987. A foraging submodel explicitly incorporates the effect of turbulence, prey density, and larval size. Monte Carlo simulations using Latin Hypercube Sampling methods were used to perform a sensitivity analysis. The error analysis examines the relative importance of various feeding-related factors on larval growth and mortality. Model results conform to wind-induced turbulence/ contact-encounter rate theory with maximum consumption rates occurring at windspeeds of 7.2 m s 1 . Reactive distance, minimum pursuit time, and weight-length conversion parameters were the most important input parameters affecting the turbulence-consumption processes. The rank order of important input parameters shows that the weight–length conversion power coefficient and reactive distance (directly through the reactive distance–length proportionality coefficient) were two factors that influenced the largest number (17 out of 24) and largest percentage (71%) of output variables. Feeding depth was ranked third, influencing 50% of the output variables. Our results show that smaller and younger larvae are more sensitive to turbulent effects than are larger and older larvae.
Combined oral and nasal beclomethasone dipropionate in children with atopic eczema: a randomised controlled trial

All the spectinomycin resistant N gonorrhoeae required proline for growth and carried the 2-6 and 24 5 megadalton plasmids. The penicillinase producers also carried the 4-4 megadalton plasmid. All strains showed high level resistance to spectinomycin (>. 512 mg/l). Two of these were not detected on initial screening with a 100 ,ug spectinomycin disc, and the other resistant strains grew up to the disc. Serological studies showed that all spectinomycin resistant N gonorrhoeae tested were indistinguishable. The serovar was Bacjk. Despite the biological similarity among the strains they were isolated over a long period, and, although three contact pairs were seen, no clear overall epidemiological pattern was evident. Clinical failure with spectinomycin that could not be accounted for by spectinomycin resistance occurred in 5%0 of patients, a figure compatible with other treatment regimens employed at the clinic.9
A bryophilous member of the Leotiomycetes from New Zealand, Bryoclaviculus campylopi gen. et sp. nov.

Bryoclaviculus campylopi, a tiny, beautiful inoperculate discomycete fungus found only in association with the moss Campylopus acuminatus, is described as a new genus and species from New Zealand. Phylogenetically it has a sister relationship with the northern hemisphere moss-associated species Bryoglossum gracile. It is distinguished macroscopically from Bryoglossum by its cup-shaped fruit body and microscopically by features of the asci and paraphyses.