Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biochar-Swine Manure Impact on Soil Nutrients and Carbon Under Controlled Leaching Experiment Using a Midwestern Mollisols

Biochar application to the soil can improve soil quality and nutrient leaching loss from swine manure adapted soils. Our working hypothesis was that the biochar-incubated with manure could be a better soil amendment than conventional manure application. The manure-biochar application to the soil would decrease nutrient leaching from manure and increase plant-available nutrients. The study objectives were to 1) assess the physicochemical properties of the manure-biochar mixture after lab incubation and 2) evaluate the impact of biochar-treated swine manure on soil total C, N, and other major and minor nutrients in comparison to conventional manure application to soil. Three biochars 1) neutral pH red-oak (RO), 2) highly alkaline autothermal corn (Zea mays) stover (HAP), and 3) mild acidic Fe-treated autothermal corn stover (HAPE) were incubated with swine manure for a month. The biochar-manure mixture was applied in triplicate to soil columns with an application rate determined by the P2O5-P content in manure or manure-biochar mixtures after the incubation. The ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3‒), and reactive P concentrations in soil column leachates were recorded for eight leaching events. Soil properties and plant-available nutrients were compared between treatments and control manure and soil. Manure-(HAP&HAPE) biochar treatments significantly increased soil organic matter (OM), and all biochar-manure mixture increased (numerically) soil total C, N, and improved soil bulk density. Concentrations of NH4+ and NO3‒ significantly increased in MHAPE column leachates during this 4-week study and the KCl-extractable NH4+ and NO3‒ in the soil at the end of the experiment. A significant reduction in soil Mehlich3 Cu was also observed for the manure-HAPE mixture compared with the manure control. The manure-red oak biochar significantly increased the soil Mn availability than other manure-biochar treatments or manure control. Overall, the manure-biochar incubation enabled biochar to stabilize the C and several nutrients from manure. The subsequent manure-biochar mixture application to soil improved soil quality and plant nutrient availability compared to conventional manure application. This proof-of-the-concept study suggests that biochars could be used to solve both environmental and agronomic challenges and further improve the sustainability of animal and crop production agriculture.
Visualization of intestinal infections with astro- and sapovirus in mink (Neovison vison) kits by in situ hybridization

ABSTRACT Clarification of the infection microbiology remains a challenge in the pre-weaning diarrhea (PWD) syndrome in farmed mink (Neovison vison). Duodenal, jejunal and colon sections from 36 mink kits with PWD were systematically examined by chromogen in situ hybridization targeting two incriminated viruses: mink astrovirus and mink sapovirus. Using the RNAscope® 2.5 HD Duplex Assay, astrovirus and sapovirus were visualized and simultaneously demonstrated in the gut tissue. Both viruses infect enterocytes in the small intestine with a specific localization pattern; astrovirus affects the two apical thirds of the villi, whereas sapovirus generally affects the basal parts of the villi. Furthermore, we demonstrated that astrovirus in mink does not target the goblet cells. This is the first time astro- and calicivirus have been visualized in mink kit gut tissue, and these findings might be important in clarification of the impact of these viruses in the PWD syndrome.
Coupled Thermo-Electro-Mechanical Models of Cardiac Ablation at Tissue-Cellular Scales and a Role of Microtubules

Radiofrequency ablation is a medical procedure that is becoming increasingly used for disease treatments. During this procedure, part of dysfunctional tissues is ablated by using the heat, typically generated from medium frequency electric current. It is a ﬁeld of medicine where mathematical and computational models play a substantial role in assisting clinical practitioners with quantiﬁcations of some of the most critical characteristics, including temperature distributions and ablated volumes. In this contribution, we describe a framework for the development of coupled thermo-electro-mechanical models in this ﬁeld. While our framework and the described validation procedures can be applicable to a variety of ablation modalities and treatments, a major focus has been given to some of the pecularities related to cardiac ablation at tissue-cellular scales and a role played by cell organelles such as microtubules, as well as by the cell nucleus. We have discussed the effects their inclusion makes on the calculation of the main characteristics of the radiofrequency ablation procedures. The importance of domain heterogeneity, as well as the integration of ﬂuid-structure interaction in the developed framework along with other effects, have been highlighted and the details on ablation modalities in the context of clinical experimental research have been
A Synergy of Innovative Technologies towards Implementing an Autonomous DIY Electric Vehicle for Harvester-Assisting Purposes

The boom in the electronics industry has made a variety of credit card-sized computer systems and plenty of accompanying sensing and acting elements widely available, at continuously diminishing cost and size levels. The benefits of this situation for agriculture are not left unexploited and thus, more accurate, efficient and environmentally-friendly systems are making the scene. In this context, there is an increasing interest in affordable, small-scale agricultural robots. A key factor for success is the balanced selection of innovative hardware and software components, among the plethora being available. This work describes exactly the steps for designing, implementing and testing a small autonomous electric vehicle, able to follow the farmer during the harvesting activities and to carry the fruits/vegetables from the plant area to the truck location. Quite inexpensive GPS and IMU units, assisted by hardware-accelerated machine vision, speech recognition and networking techniques can assure the fluent operation of a prototype vehicle exhibiting elementary automatic control functionality. The whole approach also highlights the challenges for achieving a truly working solution and provides directions for future exploitation and improvements.
The two-sided spectacle at the border: Frontex, NGOs and the theatres of sovereignty

The Southern Mediterranean border has in the past decade become one of the most deeply contested political spaces in Europe and has been described as a site of the border spectacle. Drawing on textual and visual analysis of Twitter messages by two of the most prominent actors in the field, the European Border and Coast Guard Agency, Frontex, and the humanitarian and medical NGO Médecins Sans Frontières, the article examines the split nature of the Mediterranean border which is, among others, visible in radically different narratives about migrants’ journeys, border deaths and living conditions. The findings challenge previous scholarship about convergence of humanitarianism and policing. The two actors are waging a fierce media battle for moral authority, where they use widely diverging strategies of claiming authority, each of which carries a particular set of ethical dilemmas.
‘Hidden Hot Springs’ as a Source of Groundwater Fluoride and Severe Dental Fluorosis in Malawi

Hidden hot springs likely impact rural water supplies in Malawi’s Rift Valley with excess dissolved fluoride leading to localised endemic severe dental fluorosis. Predicting their occurrence is a challenge; Malawi’s groundwater data archive is sporadic and incomplete which prevents the application of standard modelling techniques. A creative alternative method to predict hidden hot spring locations was developed using a synthesis of proxy indicators (geological, geochemical, dental) and is shown to be at least 75% effective. An exciting collaboration between geoscientists and dentists allowed corroboration of severe dental fluorosis with hydrogeological vulnerability. Thirteen hidden hot springs were identified based on synthesised proxy indicators. A vulnerability prediction map for the region was developed and is the first of its kind in Malawi. It allows improved groundwater fluoride prediction in Malawi’s rift basin which hosts the majority of hot springs. Moreover, it allows dentists to recognise geological control over community oral health. Collaborative efforts have proven mutually beneficial, allowing both disciplines to conduct targeted research to improve community wellbeing and health and inform policy development in their respective areas. This work contributes globally in developing nations where incomplete groundwater data and vulnerability to groundwater contamination from hydrothermal fluoride exist in tandem.
Control and Elimination of Schistosomiasis as a Public Health Problem: Thresholds Fail to Differentiate Schistosomiasis Morbidity Prevalence in Children

Abstract Background Current World Health Organization guidelines utilize prevalence of heavy-intensity infections (PHIs), that is, ≥50 eggs per 10 mL of urine for Schistosoma haematobium and ≥400 eggs per gram of stool for S. mansoni, to determine whether a targeted area has controlled schistosomiasis morbidity or eliminated schistosomiasis as a public health problem. The relationship between these PHI categories and morbidity is not well understood. Methods School-age participants enrolled in schistosomiasis monitoring and evaluation cohorts from 2003 to 2008 in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia were surveyed for infection and morbidity at baseline and after 1 and 2 rounds of preventive chemotherapy. Logistic regression was used to compare morbidity prevalence among participants based on their school’s PHI category. Results Microhematuria levels were associated with the S. haematobium PHI categories at all 3 time points. For any other S. haematobium or S. mansoni morbidity that was measured, PHI categories did not differentiate morbidity prevalence levels consistently. Conclusions These analyses suggest that current PHI categorizations do not differentiate the prevalence of standard morbidity markers. A reevaluation of the criteria for schistosomiasis control is warranted.
Permeability of Modified Dentinal Surfaces

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the sealing ability of three adhesives bonded to modified dentinal surfaces after short and long storage periods. Methods: Three adhesives were used in this study; two-step etch-and-rinse “Adper Single Bond 2”, two-step self-etch “AdheSE” and one-step self-etch “G-Bond” adhesives. Modifications of the dentinal surface was performed by application of adhesives after oxalate application, application of adhesive after oxalate application to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)-deproteinized dentinal surface, compared to control groups (application of adhesive without any surface pretreatment). Dentinal sealing was investigated by measuring dentin permeability, using a fluid transport apparatus, after two storage periods; 24 hours and 2 months. Results: After 24 hours, the control group bonded with “Adper Single Bond 2” without any surface treatment had the highest permeability (25.3%) followed by “G-Bond” (16.2%) and finally “AdheSE” (11%). Significant reductions in permeability values were observed on application of oxalate in conjunction with both “Adper Single Bond 2” and “AdheSE” (11.7% and 2.6% respectively). Further significant reductions in permeability values of those two adhesives were noted when the combined NaOCl and oxalate pretreatments were used (5.7% and 0.8% respectively). Permeability means for all groups increased after storage for 2 months. Conclusions: Dentin surface deproteinization plus oxalate application produced the best dentin sealing for two step adhesives.
Synthesis and Enantiomeric Recognition Studies of Novel C2-Symmetrical Chiral Tetra-Amide Compounds

: Two novel C 2 -symmetrical chiral tetraamide compounds derived from (S)-isoleucine were synthesised and their enantiomeric recognition abilities towards enantiomers of some amino acid esters and 1-arylethylamins were examined by UV-titration method. These receptor compounds exhibited strong complexation (with Ka up to 5787.23 M -1 ) and very good enantioselectivity (up to Ka S /Ka R = 13.98).
Evaluating a learning trail for academic integrity development in higher education using bilingual text mining

ABSTRACT The study presents outcomes of students at a higher education institution in walking through a learning trail guided by a mobile application for enhancing their understanding of academic integrity. A framework which consisted of topic-specific bilingual keywords was proposed to support students to reflect on the key concepts embedded in the learning trail. A total of 61 students from three cohorts were involved in the evaluation. Students’ pre-trail and post-trail reflection texts were analysed by bilingual text mining. The results indicated that after the learning trail, the students realised more the importance of the five fundamental values of academic integrity. These results were further confirmed by the summary of students’ major topics in pre-trail and post-trail reflection texts, as extracted by the LexRank method. A post-trail questionnaire survey found that students positively perceived the interesting and interactive environment provided in the learning trail. Three future research directions are discussed.
Investigation of Variation in Device Design Parameters on the Saturation Voltages of Hetero-junction Nanowire Tunnel FETs

Estimation of the saturation voltages of beyond CMOS devices is essential for the accurate circuit design and analysis. In this work, we look at the influence of device design parameters on the saturation voltage (VDSAT) of a Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (TFET) using 3D TCAD Numerical Simulations. The variation in channel length, underlap at gate-drain, source/drain doping, and the source/channel material are some of the vital optimization parameters in the design and optimization of TFET based circuits. We observe, with the increasing value of drain bias (VDS), TFET device initially enters in the soft saturation state and subsequently a deep saturation state is attained. These voltages are altered with device variability and hence the analog performance. An increase in drain (source) doping increases (decreases) the soft saturation voltage of TFETs. It is also found that an early onset of saturation can be achieved by the gate-drain underlap in TFETs. The impact of short channel lengths is to worsen the perfect saturation phenomenon in Tunnel FETs. In addition, the reduction in nanowire diameter delays the saturation by few milivolts.
Cellulose: A Contribution for the Zero e‐Waste Challenge

The world in the 21st century is confronted with multifaceted challenges against rapid climate change and continuous ecological disturbances caused by revolutionary socio‐economic developments, accelerated expansion of disposable electronic gadgets, and growing dependence on unrecyclable raw materials, among others. The ever‐increasing consumer demand for electronic devices is significantly contributing to the world's fastest‐growing waste stream, known as electronic waste (e‐waste), which is becoming an environmental threat at an alarming rate due to its toxic legacy. The ever‐shortening lifespan of smart technologies has created a “tsunami of e‐waste,” as the United Nations has characterized it, with 50 million tons accumulated each year, of which only 20% undergo formal e‐recycling. Therefore, the challenge of optimizing the current resources management models with an aim of improving the manufacturing processes and lifecycles of electronic devices, as well as building a circular economy, has become significantly prominent. Paper/cellulose, which covers a wide range of essential needs in everyday scenarios (from packaging to writing utilities), constitutes promising candidates for the effective achievement of a circular economy. Particularly, cellulose is revealed as an advantageous material for electronic applications because of its abundant availability, which contributes to its cost‐effectiveness, straightforward fabrication process, and high recyclability and reproducibility.
GC-MS ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF BIOACTIVITIES OF KAEMPFERIA PARISHII - A NATURAL SOURCE OF TOTAROL

Objective: The present study was aimed for phytoconstituent analysis, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaf and rhizome extracts of an unexplored plant, Kaempferia parishii (Zingiberaceae). Methods: The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to determine volatile chemical constituents. Antioxidant activity of extracts was determined using DPPH assay whereas the antimicrobial effects were tested by inhibition zone diameter and minimum inhibitory concentration. Results: GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of 7 and 8 identified components accounting for 92.1% and 82.86% of the leaf and rhizome extract of Kaempferia parishii respectively. In leaf extract phytol (72.55±0.5%), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (4.94±0.2%), hexahydro farnesyl acetone (3.78±0.2%), dibutyl phthalate (3.31±0.2%) were found to be the major constituents and those of rhizome extract were totarol (74.96±0.86%), cembrene (2.83±0.2%), borneol (1.23±0.15). Both the extracts exhibited low to moderate antioxidant activity. They possess very weak activities against some tested microorganisms while the extracts had no activity against some microorganisms. Conclusion: Totarol, an antimicrobial agent, was found to be the major constituent of Kaempferia parishii rhizome extract. Thus, Kaempferia parishii can be used as a natural source of totarol. This is the first report on the unexplored plant, Kaempferia parishii . Keywords: Kaempferia parishii , GC-MS analysis, Totarol, Phytol, Antioxidant activity, Antimicrobial activity
Inositol hexaphosphate modulates the behavior of macrophages through alteration of gene expression involved in pathways of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory responses, and resolution of inflammation pathways

Abstract Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) is a dietary compound commonly obtained from corn, rice, etc. Although we may consume significant amount of IP6 daily, it is unclear whether this diet will impact macrophages’ fate and function. Therefore, we characterized the underlying relationship between IP6 and macrophage polarization in this study. We specifically examined the signature gene expression profiles associated with pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory responses, and resolution of inflammation pathways in macrophages under the influence of IP6. Interestingly, our data suggested that IP6 polarizes bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDM) into an M2a‐like subtype. Our results also demonstrated that IP6 reduces lipopolysaccharide‐induced apoptosis and pro‐inflammatory responses in macrophages. In contrast, the expression levels of genes related to anti‐inflammatory responses and resolution of inflammation pathways are upregulated. Our findings collectively demonstrated that IP6 has profound modulation effects on macrophages, which warrant further research on the therapeutic benefits of IP6 for inflammatory diseases.
Acceptability and Feasibility of Peer Specialist-Delivered Virtual Reality Job Interview Training for Individuals with Serious Mental Illness: A Qualitative Study

Abstract This study explored peer specialists’ perspectives on delivering vocational interventions, especially Virtual Reality Job Interview Training (VR-JIT). Five focus groups of peer specialists (N = 34) explored their beliefs about vocational services, including VR-JIT. We trained eight peer specialists to be VR-JIT “instructors” and interviewed them about using VR-JIT in their mental health practice. Generally, participants discussed tailoring their vocational services to include sharing their story of recovery. Specifically, participants perceived VR-JIT as acceptable and feasibly implemented within their practice. Overall, participants viewed VR-JIT as a higher level of service and they would be uniquely qualified to support consumers using the tool.
Dielectric resonator antenna with reconfigurable polarization states

This study presents a simple and low ‐ profile cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) for the fifth ‐ generation (5G) band (3.5 GHz) with switchable polarization. The antenna can operate with linear or circular polarization (right ‐ handed circular polarization [RHCP] or left ‐ handed circular polarization [LHCP]) by changing the states of the PIN diodes below the CDRA, while keeping the same operating frequencies. The antenna operates at three modes (Mode 1, Mode 2, and Mode 3). It exhibits linear polarization in Mode 1, RHCP in Mode 2, and LHCP in Mode 3. The 10 ‐ dB bandwidths of 750 MHz (3.1–3.85 GHz), 950 MHz (3.03–3.98 GHz), and 960 MHz (3.03–3.99 GHz) are noted for Mode 1, Mode 2, and Mode 3, respectively. The 3 ‐ dB axial ratio bandwidth of 22.2% (3.09–3.86 GHz) and 21.4% (3.08–3.82 GHz) is achieved for Mode 2 and Mode 3, respectively. The reported antenna has high gain ( > 5.25 dBi for all operating modes) and high radiation efficiency ( > 79.8% for all operating modes). The proposed antenna is suitable for use in polarization diversity applications.
Retrosynthesis prediction using grammar-based neural machine translation: An information-theoretic approach

Retrosynthetic prediction is one of the main challenges in chemical synthesis that requires identifying reaction pathways and precursor molecules for synthesizing a target molecule. This requires a search over the space of plausible chemical reactions that often results in complex, multi-step, branched synthesis trees for even moderately complex organic reactions. Here, we propose an approach that performs single-step retrosynthesis prediction using SMILES grammar-based representations in a neural machine translation framework. Information-theoretic analyses of such grammar-representations reveal that they are both superior and well-suited for machine learning tasks due to their underlying redundancy and high information capacity compared to purely character-based representations. We report the top-1 prediction accuracy of 43.8% (top-5 measure of 61.4%) and syntactic validity of 95.6% (top-5 measure of 91.6%) on a standard reaction dataset. Comparing our model's performance with previous work that used purely character-based SMILES representations demonstrate improved accuracy and reduced grammatically invalid predictions.