Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of Nonarticular Incidental Findings on Panoramic Radiographs in Painful Temporomandibular Disorders

Facial pain is one of the symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) but can be associated with other pathological conditions. The present study retrospectively evaluated the occurrence of nonarticular incidental findings in panoramic radiographs in a group of patients with painful TMDs. Outpatients with a diagnosis of TMD were included and distributed into three groups: arthralgia, myalgia or arthralgia and myalgia, according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Nonarticular incidental findings of their panoramic radiographs were classified in relation to pathological, dental and endodontic status. The dependency relationships among the variables were analyzed using the likelihood test. Sixty patients (38 women and 22 men; mean age: 36.9 years) were evaluated. There was a predominance of arthralgia plus disc displacement (43.4 %), followed by myopain plus arthralgia and disc displacement (38.3 %) and myopain (18.3 %). Pathologic radiographic changes such as bone loss, caries, maxillary sinus opacification and periapical lesions were frequent. Dental alterations such as the absence and altered position of teeth and impacted teeth were frequent. Endodontic changes such as periapical lesions with or without endodontic treatment were frequent. There was no significant difference between groups except for gyroversion. The incidental findings were compatible with caries, sinusitis, impacted tooth and periapical lesion, which may be associated with orofacial pain and could potentially be superimposed on the initial diagnosis, although this hypothesis was discarded. Findings such as the absence and altered position of teeth were also frequent, which may represent occlusal factors associated with TMDs.
Programming of extent and direction in human reaching movements

The present report summarizes a series of experiments conducted to determine the nature of the sensorimotor transformations underlying reaching movements. We analyzed trajectories and endpoint errors of movements performed by normal human subjects. Different factors were found to affect direction and extent variability and to -account for systematic errors. Anisotropy in limb inertia was found to produce systematic errors in movement extent. Cognitive factors gave rise to systematic errors in movement direction. Based on these results we hypothesize that extent and direction constitute the dimensions coordinate system centered at the hand that is used to plan the trajectories of reaching movements
Effects of the dietary inclusion of linseed oil and grape pomace on weight gain, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of swine.

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of diet with the inclusion of linseed oil (n-3 fatty acids source) and grape pomace (antioxidant source) on weight gain, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of swine. During 90 days, crossbred swine (n = 44) were fed with four different finishing diets: control diet based on soybean meal and corn (CONT); diet with addition of 3.0% linseed oil (LO); diet with 3.0% linseed oil and 3.5% ensiled grape pomace in dry matter (3.5% EGP); and diet with 3.0% linseed oil and 7.0% ensiled grape pomace in dry matter (7.0% EGP). The finishing diets did not alter daily weight gain although swine fed with LO diet presented thicker backfat when compared to those fed with CONT diet. LO diet significantly increased n-3 fatty acid concentration and reduced n-6 / n-3 ratio when compared to CONT diet. Lipid profile alteration did not significantly affect sensory parameters. The inclusion of EGP (3.5% EGP and 7.0% EGP) increased fibrousness as compared to CONT and LO diets. The inclusion of LO and EGP in finishing diet of swine did not affect weight gain, but generated final product with higher nutritional value (increased polyunsaturated fatty acids / saturated fatty acids (PUFA / SFA) ratio and reduced n-6 / n-3 ratio) as compared to CONT diet. The sensory parameters of the inclusion diets were similar to those found in CONT diet.
Green synthesis and characterization of novel Mn-MOFs with catalytic and antibacterial potentials

This study focused on the synthesis of a new manganese-based metal–organic framework and the investigation of its application aspects. A Mn-MOF nanostructure, namely UoB-4, was prepared using a Schiff base organic linker (H2bbda: 4,4′-[benzene-1,4-diylbis(methylylidenenitrilo)]dibenzoic acid) under ultrasound irradiation. The structure of the as-synthesized UoB-4 was characterized via PXRD, TGA, CHNO, ICP, TEM, BET, and FTIR techniques. The catalytic performance of UoB-4 was evaluated in the reactions of Hantzsch for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines and alcohol oxidation. The products of both reactions were obtained with high yields under green conditions. A recycling study of UoB-4 revealed that it can be used as a recoverable stable heterogeneous catalyst without significant loss in performance. In the next step of this study, the efficiency of UoB-4 was evaluated, showing the biological potential as an antibacterial agent. Its antibacterial activity was tested against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli in vitro by determining the diameter of the inhibition zone in the disc diffusion method. The results indicated the acceptable activity of UoB-4 against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial activity of UoB-4 was greater towards Gram-positive bacteria (B. cereus) compared to that towards Gram-negative one (E. coli). These results open the mentality that there is the synthesis possibility of Mn-based MOFs with various application aspects and high performance.
Experience with phlebotomy for people with hepatitis C: a systematic review

Low uptake of treatment remains a considerable challenge in the management of patients with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), and difficulties with phlebotomy contribute to this significantly. This systematic review aimed to locate and synthesise evidence regarding: (i) the impact of phlebotomy experience on access to treatment for HCV and (ii) interventions made to improve the experience of phlebotomy for people with HCV. Abstracts were reviewed for 100 articles, a full-text review was undertaken of 16 and four were subjected to quality appraisal. Analysis of the studies revealed three main issues: (i) how access to phlebotomy was characterised by perceptions of stigma and fear of blood sampling, (ii) the impact of poor phlebotomy experience on treatment access and (iii) lack of communication between service users and service providers. Only one study reported the impact of an intervention to improve phlebotomy experience. Recent treatment developments have the potential to make a significant impact on mortal.
Bypass transition in boundary layers subject to strong pressure gradient and curvature effects

This paper aims at characterizing the bypass transition in boundary layers subject to strong pressure gradient and curvature effects. A series of highly resolved large-eddy simulations of a high-pressure turbine vane are performed, and the primary focus is on the effects of free-stream turbulence (FST) states on transition mechanisms. The turbulent fluctuations that have convected from the inlet first interact with the blunt blade leading edge, forming vortical structures wrapping around the blade. For cases with relatively low-level FST, streamwise streaks are observed in the suction-side boundary layer, and the instabilities of the streaks cause the breakdown to turbulence. Moreover, the varicose mode of streak instability is predominant in the adverse pressure gradient region, while the sinuous mode is more common in the (weak) favourable pressure gradient region. On the other hand, for cases with higher levels of FST, the leading-edge structures are more irregularly distributed and no obvious streak instability is observed. Accordingly, the transition onset occurs much earlier, through the breakdown caused by interactions between vortical structures. Comparing between different cases, it is the competing effect between the FST intensity and the stabilizing pressure gradient that decides the path to transition and also the transition onset, whereas the integral length scale of FST affects the scales of the streamwise streaks in the boundary layer. Furthermore, while the streaks in the low-level FST cases are mainly induced by leading-edge vortical structures, the corresponding fluctuations show a stage of algebraic growth despite the weak favourable pressure gradient and curvature.
Variability of Physical and Chemical Properties of TLUD Stove Derived Biochars

Biochar is a carbon-rich organic material, obtained by the thermochemical conversion of biomass in an oxygen-limited environment, used as a soil amendment to stimulate soil fertility and improve soil quality. There is a clear need in developing countries for access to low cost, low technology options for biochar production, for example, top-lit updraft (TLUD) stoves, which are popular and spread worldwide. However, TLUD biochars are inevitably very variable in their properties for a variety of reasons. We present laboratory triplicate tests carried out on TLUD biochars obtained from waste pinewood and a Guadua bamboo. Analyzed properties include specific surface area (A-BET), porosity, skeletal density, hydrophobicity, proximal and elemental composition, cation exchange capacity (CEC), relative liming capacity and pH. SEM images of the bamboo and wood biochars are compared. The biochars were mixed with composted human excreta at 5% and 10% biochar content, and available water content (AWC) was analyzed. Operating temperatures in the TLUD were recorded, showing different behaviors among the feedstocks during the process. Differences in operating temperatures during charring of the bamboo samples seem to have led to differences in A-BET, hydrophobicity and CEC, following unprecedented trends. For the mixtures of the biochars with compost, at 5% biochar no significant differences were observed for AWC. However, in the 10% biochar mixtures, bamboo biochar showed an unexpectedly high AWC. Overall, variations of chemical and physical properties between bamboo biochars were greater, while pinewood biochars showed similar properties, consistent with more homogeneous charring temperatures.
Flash Diagnostic Tool for MDR TB in HIV Era

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the commonest opportunistic infection and the leading cause of death in HIV patients in developing countries. HIV infection is a well recognised risk factor for both activation of initial infection and reactivation of latent infection. This study was done to find out the co-prevalence and the trend of HIV infection among tuberculosis patients and to determine the prevalence of MDR Tuberculosis in HIV positive patients using Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, United States). The sputum samples are received from patients attending ICTC clinic at Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad. Sputum specimen was processed for TB detection by Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification testing (CB-NAAT) using Xpert MTB/RiF assay technology. A total of 125 HIV patients were in the study. Out of these patients 20 MTB cases were detected. Of these 20 cases 18(90%) cases were sensitive to Rifampicin (RIF) and 2(10%) cases were showing resistance to Rifampicin (RIF) drug. Co-existence of HIV and tuberculosis is high and there is high Prevalence of MDR tuberculosis in HIV patients. The Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay is a novel integrated diagnostic device that performs sample processing and real-time PCR analysis in a single hands-free step for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and rapid detection of RIF resistance in clinical specimens.
Grazing intensity significantly changes the C : N : P stoichiometry in grassland ecosystems

AIM: Livestock grazing can alter carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles, thereby affecting the C : N : P stoichiometry in grasslands. In this study, we aimed to examine mechanisms underlying the impacts of grazing on grassland C : N : P stoichiometry, focusing on belowground processes and their linkages with aboveground vegetation properties. LOCATION: Global. TIME PERIOD: 1900–2018. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED: Grassland ecosystems. METHODS: We conducted a meta‐analysis based on 129 published studies to synthesize the effects of grazing on the C : N : P stoichiometry of leaves, stems, litter, roots, microbial biomass, and soil in grassland ecosystems. RESULTS: Grazing significantly affected the C, N and P pools, and then the C : N : P stoichiometry in grassland ecosystems. Grazing effects on C : N : P stoichiometry varied strongly with grazing intensity. Specifically, heavy grazing decreased all C : N : P stoichiometry except litter N : P and root C : N ratios, while light and moderate grazing caused less negative or positive effects. Grazing effects on litter C : N ratio were negatively correlated with grazing effects on soil C : N ratios under light and moderate grazing, but this relationship was positive under heavy grazing. In contrast, grazing effects on root C : P and soil C : P were positively correlated under light and moderate grazing but negatively correlated under heavy grazing. Importantly, grazing significantly decreased the soil N pool by 10.0% but increased the soil P pool by 3.6%, indicating differential mechanisms for grazing impact on N and P cycles in grasslands. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Our results strongly suggest that grazing intensity regulates the biogeochemical cycles of C, N and P in grassland ecosystems by affecting plant nutrient use efficiency and soil physicochemical processes. Therefore, incorporating grazing intensity into Earth system models may improve predictions of climate–grassland feedbacks in the Anthropocene.
Mapping Kabul’s Private Urban Green Spaces Using Geographic Information System-Supervised Classification

Abstract Private green spaces are considered an important part of urban greenery. However, the extent of private green spaces in an informal city like Kabul is unknown. To this end, this study has mapped out the private green spaces in the informal settlements of Kabul city. A Geographic Information System (GIS)-supervised image classification technique was used to identify these private green spaces in three of the 22 police districts (PDs) in the city. Briefly, the classification consisted of defining training samples, extraction of signature and classification of the imagery. As a result, 330.3 hectares were identified as private green spaces, which made up 12.3 % of the total area of informal settlements in these three districts. With 217.1 hectares, PD7 had the largest area of private green spaces among the three police districts, contributing to 65.7 % of the overall area of private green spaces, followed by PD8 (21.3 %) and PD16 (13 %). In future, the map generated in this study could be used to monitor, manage and conserve the existing urban greenery in the face of private green spaces. The results could also be utilised by the Kabul Municipality and other relevant departments to implement an upgrading programme in the informal settlements of Kabul city, which would lead to fulfilling the environmental needs of the residents.
Psychiatric Hospital Admission and Later Mental Health, Crime, and Labor Market Outcomes.

This paper studies the effects of an admission to a psychiatric hospital on subsequent psychiatric treatments, self-inflicted harm, crime, and labor market outcomes. To circumvent non-random selection into hospital admission we use a measure of hospital occupancy rates the weeks prior to a patient’s first contact with a psychiatric hospital as an instrument. Admission reduces criminal and self-harming behavior substantially in the short run, but leads to higher re-admission rates and lower labor market attachment in the long run. Effects are heterogeneous across observable and unobservable patient characteristics. We also identify positive externalities of admissions on spouses’ employment rates.
Learning to Align Multi-Camera Domains using Part-Aware Clustering for Unsupervised Video Person Re-Identification.

Most video person re-identification (re-ID) methods are mainly based on supervised learning, which requires cross-camera ID labeling. Since the cost of labeling increases dramatically as the number of cameras increases, it is difficult to apply the re-identification algorithm to a large camera network. In this paper, we address the scalability issue by presenting deep representation learning without ID information across multiple cameras. Technically, we train neural networks to generate both ID-discriminative and camera-invariant features. To achieve the ID discrimination ability of the embedding features, we maximize feature distances between different person IDs within a camera by using a metric learning approach. At the same time, considering each camera as a different domain, we apply adversarial learning across multiple camera domains for generating camera-invariant features. We also propose a part-aware adaptation module, which effectively performs multi-camera domain invariant feature learning in different spatial regions. We carry out comprehensive experiments on three public re-ID datasets (i.e., PRID-2011, iLIDS-VID, and MARS). Our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods by a large margin of about 20\% in terms of rank-1 accuracy on the large-scale MARS dataset.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO COMPUTATIONAL BAYESIAN STATISTICS

Current statistical methods for facilitating data-driven decision making are too computationally intensive when the phenomenon of interest is complex. This thesis develops novel statistical algorithms and software that can be used to obtain timely, reliable insights when the underlying physical system is complex. The new methods will allow practitioners in areas such as ecology, biology, finance and astronomy to gain more understanding of their field and to make better-informed decisions.
Phase I Dose Escalating Trial of Bortezomib (Velcade®) in Combination with Idarubicin and Cytarabine in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Conventional therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) consists of a combination of cytarabine and an anthracycline such as idarubicin. Currently, most patients ultimately fail treatment due to leukemia cell resistance to drug therapy. In vitro experiments have shown that the addition of a proteasome inhibitor to an anthracycline results in synergistic cytotoxicity to leukemia cells. Hence, we initiated this phase I trial in patients to see if bortezomib could be safely added to conventional treatment. Patients over age 60 with AML or any patient 18 or older with relapsed disease after a remission of at least 3 months (not refractory) were eligible. All patients received idarubicin 12 mg/m2 on days 1–3 and cytarabine 100 mg/m2 by continuous infusion days 1–7. In addition, patients received bortezomib by IV bolus on days 1, 4, 8, and 11. Cohorts of 3 to 6 patients were entered using increasing doses of bortezomib in order to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). The first cohort received 0.7 mg/m2 of bortezomib with each bolus. If dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was encountered, then cohort advancement was restricted. DLTs included prolonged myelosuppression, neuropathy, and other grade 3 or 4 toxicities. Dose escalation would proceed to 1.0 mg/m2 and then to 1.3 mg/m2 if tolerated. No escalation was planned beyond 1.3 mg/m2. To date 14 patients have been entered on this study. In the first cohort of 3 patients with bortezomib at 0.7 mg/m2, a DLT due to prolonged neutropenia was encountered, so an additional 3 patients were entered at this dose level. No DLTs were encountered among these additional patients, so 3 more patients were entered with bortezomib at 1.0 mg/m2. One of these patients experienced prolonged thrombocytopenia and thus 3 additional patients were enrolled at 1.0 mg/m2. No DLTs were encountered among these additional patients, and thus the next cohort of patients with bortezomib at 1.3 mg/m2 was opened. To date, two patients have been enrolled at this dose level. The plan is to enroll a third patient at this level and to assess for possible DLTs. Among the 12 patients evaluable for response, there have been 4 patients achieving complete remission, 3 patients achieving remission without complete recovery of platelet count (CRp defined as having met criteria for CR but with 25,000–99,000 platelets/μl), 2 patients achieving a partial remission (CR but with 5–24% bone marrow blasts), and 3 patients failing to respond. In conclusion, bortezomib at 0.7 mg/m2 and 1.0 mg/m2 in the day 1, 4, 8, and 11 schedule can be added to idarubicin and cytarabine with acceptable toxicity. This study continues in an attempt to determine whether bortezomib can be escalated safely to 1.3 mg/m2 in this combination. Additional patients will be enrolled at the candidate MTD to gain confidence in the safety and activity at this level. Correlative science studies are planned.
Paladin is a PI(4,5)P2 phosphoinositide phosphatase that regulates endosomal signaling and angiogenesis

Cell signaling governs cellular behavior and is therefore subject to tight spatiotemporal regulation. Signaling output is regulated by specialized cell membranes and vesicles which contain unique combinations of lipids and proteins. The phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, (PI(4,5)P2), an important component of the plasma membrane as well as other subcellular membranes, is involved in multiple processes, including signaling. However, which enzymes drive the formation and degradation of non-plasma membrane PI(4,5)P2, and their impact on cell signaling and function at the organismal level are unknown. Here we show in a mouse model that Paladin is a vascular PI(4,5)P2 phosphatase that regulates endosomal signaling and angiogenesis. Paladin was localized to the endosomal and Golgi compartments, and interacted with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in vitro and in vivo. Loss of Paladin resulted in increased internalization of the receptor, over-activation of extracellular regulated kinase, and hypersprouting of endothelial cells in the developing retina of mice. These findings suggest that inhibition of Paladin, or other endosomal PI(4,5)P2 phosphatases, could be exploited to modulate VEGFR2 signaling and angiogenesis, when direct and full inhibition of the receptor is not desirable.
Comparative Analysis on Imbalanced Multi-class Classification for Malware Samples using CNN

Malware is considered as one of the main actors in cyber attacks. The number of unique malware samples is constantly on the rise; however, the ratio of benign software still greatly outnumbers malware samples. In machine learning, such datasets are known as imbalanced, where the majority class label greatly dominates over others. In this paper, we present a comparative analysis and evaluation of some of the proposed techniques in the literature in order to address the problem of classifying imbalanced multi-class malware datasets. More specifically, we use Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as a classification algorithm to study the effect of imbalanced datasets on deep learning approaches. These experiments are conducted on three publicly available imbalanced datasets. Our performance analysis demonstrates that methods such as cost sensitive learning, oversampling and cross validation have positive effects on the model classification performance, albeit in varying degrees. Meanwhile others like using pre-trained models require more special parameter settings. However, best practices may change in accordance with the problem domain.