Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategies used for the solution of a nonroutine word problem: a comparison of secondary school pupils and pre-service mathematics teachers

Word problems are perceived as an essential part of mathematics education, since they require both the conceptual as well as procedural understanding of mathematics. Our study, centered around a nonroutine word problem, involved 25 secondary school pupils aged 15-16 and 19 preservice mathematics teachers. The results showed that while pupils used the whole range of available strategies, preservice teachers utilized almost exclusively algebraic approach. Though, this approach did not lead to greater solution success. Then we compared the preservice teachers’ own problem-solving behavior with the way in which they evaluated pupils’ solutions. While the pre-service teachers clearly preferred the use of algebra, they did not particularly appreciate this approach in pupils; they put a much greater emphasis on the correctness of the obtained numerical results.
Quadcopter control using a BCI

The paper presents how there can be interconnected two ubiquitous elements nowadays. On one hand, the drones, which are increasingly present and integrated into more and more fields of activity, beyond the military applications they come from, moving towards entertainment, real-estate, delivery and so on. On the other hand, unconventional man-machine interfaces, which are generous topics to explore now and in the future. Of these, we chose brain computer interface (BCI), which allows human-machine interaction without requiring any moving elements. The research consists of mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of a drone and a BCI. Then there is presented an application using a Parrot mini-drone and an Emotiv Insight BCI.
Commenting on Top Spanish YouTubers : “ No 2 Comment ” 3

The aim of this paper is to analyse commenting activity and sentiment (polarity and 9 subjectivity) in interactions in response to videos by Spain’s most-subscribed YouTubers. An 10 exploratory study was conducted on the content of the comments, their relationship with other 11 social media actions, subjectivity and polarity, as well as from the perspective of the participatory 12 culture. The results show that commenting is a potential option for interaction that is underused by 13 the communities of users. Replies to comments are found to be limited to the user-user level, while 14 YouTubers themselves and the moderators that YouTube allows them to designate rarely comment 15 or reply on social networks. However, creators do monitor comments and provide feedback to a 16 limited selection thereof in subsequent videos. There thus appears to be a strategic, exploitative use 17 of comments, marked by a delayed response aimed at attracting audiences to new content. 18
Impact of Synchrophasor Estimation Algorithms in ROCOF-Based Under-Frequency Load-Shedding

This paper investigates the impact of synchrophasor estimation algorithms in Under-Frequency Load-Shedding (UFLS) and Load-Restoration (LR) schemes, relying on frequency and Rate-of-Change-of-Frequency (ROCOF) measurements produced by Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). We compare two consolidated window-based synchrophasor estimation algorithms, as representative approaches based on static and dynamic signal models, with a focus on the appropriateness of utilizing PMU-based ROCOF measurements. The performance of the proposed relaying scheme is assessed by means of a Real-Time Simulator implementing the time-domain full-replica dynamic model of the IEEE 39-Bus power system.
AEROFRACTURES IN POROUS MEDIA : EXPLAINING MECHANICS WITH ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS

Fluid induced brittle deformation of porous medium is an event commonly present in everyday life. From an espresso machine to volcanoes, from food industry to construction, it is possible to see traces of this phenomenon. In this work, analogue models are developed (similar to the previous work of Johnsen [1]) in a linear geometry, with confinement and at low porosity to study the instabilities that occur during fast motion of fluid in dense porous materials: fracturing, fingering, channeling (Figure 1a). We study these complex fluid/solid mechanical systems using two imaging techniques: optical imaging using a high speed camera (1000 fps), high frequency resolution accelerometers and piezoelectrical sensors. Additionally, we develop physical models rendering for the fluid mechanics (similar to the work of Niebling [2,3]) in the channels and the propagation of microseismic waves [4] around the fracture (Figure 2). We then compare a numerical resolution of this physical system with the observed experimental system.
AMO-Advanced Modeling and Optimization , Volume 18 , Number 1 , 2016 ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF SEIR EPIDEMIC MODEL VIA SLIDING MODE CONTROL

In this paper, we have decided to analyze SEIR epidemic model by piecewise control function dependent on threshold policy for diseases management strategy. In this study, Ec is determined as a critical value and based on this threshold have been defined and then the timing has been specified for triggering intervention measures, when the number of exposed individual exceeds a threshold level. The solution of this model finally approaches regular/sliding equilibrium point, and this result shows that outbreak is not possible.
Using a Skip-gram Architecture for Model Contextualization in CARS

In this paper, we describe how a major retailer’s recommender system contextualizes the information that is passed to it, to provide real-time in-store recommendations, at a high level. We specifically focus on the data pre-processing ideas that were necessary for the model to learn. The paper describes the ideas and reasoning behind crucial data transformations, and then illustrates a learning model inspired by the work done in Natural Language Processing.
Cash Rewards Effect on Unplanned Buying Behaviors-Watch Your Wallet Carefully !

Price promotions come in various forms, such as buy-one-get-one-free offers, coupons, and of course price discounts. Cash reward is a new popular promotional tool used at many famous department stores, apparel retailing chains, and grocery stores. Consumers can obtain a rebate when their purchase passes a threshold set by the company, as in, “purchase over $100 to get a $10 cash reward. ” Similar to the cash rebates applied in the automobile industry, cash rewards uses the mechanism of the silver lining principle (Thaler 1985) to segregate a large loss of purchase and a small gain from rebate to increases consumers’ utility. However, distinguished from other price promotions, cash rewards provide consumers freedom to choose any products within the store rather than a specific product. Cash rewards, like the conditional discount of coupons, give rebates only to consumers achieving the purchasing threshold. Facing free-choice and the conditional-discount promotion, consumers may be attracted to buy merchandise in excesses their original shopping budget. Those consumers perceive gains from getting the cash reward if they reach the threshold and perceive losses from not taking advantage of the offer if they do not. Such perception generates an “artificial buying desire. ” This artificial buying desire can be conceptualized as one dimension (or “type”) of deal proneness (Lichtenstein, Netemeyer, and Burton 1990) but focuses on proneness to cash rewards. However, no current scale has been developed to measure this construct. Thus, the first objective of this article was to examine and measure the artificial buying desire by incorporating insights from motivation, expected benefit, and expected regret. In addition, artificial buying desires are generated not only from the consumer’s inner needs but also from external factors created by sellers such as: stimulation of cash rewards. Therefore, to investigate how external factors influence artificial buying desire is the second objective of this article. Furthermore, most of the products that consumers buy due to artificial buying desire are unplanned. Thus, what kinds of products are more likely to stimulate consumers to buy as unplanned purchasing items is the third objective of this study. In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives, three factors affecting artificial buying desire are examined in this study. One is from the consumers’ perspective the expenditure to threshold ratio, which implies the amount of money spent in a store under cash rewards. For example, when a consumer has spent $90 and $10 cash rewards is offered for purchases over $100, the expenditure to threshold ratio would be 90%. This study expects that the expenditure to threshold ratio can positively influence artificial buying desire. Consumers perceive larger sunk cost including money, time, and effort when they have spent more money (Soman and Gourville 2001).
Excavation of an Iron Age and Romano-British enclosure at Woodend Farm, Johnstonebridge, Annandalw, 1994 and 1997

Excavations were undertaken at a multi-vallate enclosure in advance of the construction of an extension of the M6 motorway. Geophysical survey and excavation revealed a third bank beyond two upstanding banks. Within the interior, seven separate blocks of superimposed buildings were observed, together with an eighth, single-phase structure interpreted as an animal pen. Artefacts were few, consisting of worked stones and querns, while the radiocarbon dates indicated a Romano-British date for much of the occupation, although the enclosure was built in the pre-Roman Iron Age. Includes separately authored reports on:
The Haemophilus influenzae HMW 1 C protein is a glycosyltransferase that transfers hexose residues to asparagine sites in the HMW 1 adhesin

The Haemophilus influenzae HMW1 adhesin is a high-molecular weight protein that is secreted by the bacterial two-partner secretion pathway and mediates adherence to respiratory epithelium, an essential early step in the pathogenesis of H. influenzae disease. In recent work, we discovered that HMW1 is a glycoprotein and undergoes N-linked glycosylation at multiple asparagine residues with simple hexose units rather than N-acetylated hexose units, revealing an unusual Nglycosidic linkage and suggesting a new glycosyltransferase activity. Glycosylation protects HMW1 against premature degradation during the process of secretion and facilitates HMW1 tethering to the bacterial surface, a prerequisite for HMW1-mediated adherence. In the current study, we establish that the enzyme responsible for glycosylation of HMW1 is a protein called HMW1C, which is encoded by the hmw1 gene cluster and shares homology with a group of bacterial proteins that are generally associated with two-partner secretion systems. In addition, we demonstrate that HMW1C is capable of transferring glucose and galactose to HMW1 and is also able to generate hexose-hexose bonds. Our results define a new family of bacterial glycosyltransferases. Citation: Grass S, Lichti CF, Townsend RR, Gross J, St. Geme JW III (2010) The Haemophilus influenzae HMW1C Protein Is a Glycosyltransferase That Transfers Hexose Residues to Asparagine Sites in the HMW1 Adhesin. PLoS Pathog 6(5): e1000919. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat. 1000919 Editor: C. Erec Stebbins, The Rockefeller University, United States of America Received December 8, 2009; Accepted April 23, 2010; Published May 27, 2010 Copyright: 2010 Grass et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by NIH grant DC-02873 to JWS and by the NIH National Centers of Research Resource (P41RR000954), the W. H. Keck Foundation, the Siteman Cancer Center, and institutional resources to the Proteomics Center at Washington University and RRT for the mass spectrometric analysis. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: j.stgeme@duke.edu
Machiavelli ’ s Conspiracy Games 1

This paper analyzes conspiracy in the form of a game and demonstrates how to plan and execute a successful conspiracy – and how to prevent its success. It discusses conspiracy and the inherent strategic relationship from the point of view of rational agents and shows that in many cases an equilibrium does not exist from which recipes of rational behavior for the parties in question can be derived. The analysis is based on Machiavelli’s very informative and highly competent writings on this subject. Was Machiavelli’s treatment of the subject meant to be another step towards his demystification of power and politics, or did he want to demonstrate to the reader how skilled and capable he was in political reasoning?
Using Functional Schemas to Understand Social Media Narratives

We propose a novel take on understanding narratives in social media, focusing on learning ”functional story schemas”, which consist of sets of stereotypical functional structures. We develop an unsupervised pipeline to extract schemas and apply our method to Reddit posts to detect schematic structures that are characteristic of different subreddits. We validate our schemas through human interpretation and evaluate their utility via a text classification task. Our experiments show that extracted schemas capture distinctive structural patterns in different subreddits, improving classification performance of several models by 2.4% on average. We also observe that these schemas serve as lenses that reveal community norms.
A Spher ical Representation of a Correlation Matr ix

It is common practice to perform a principal component analysis (PCA) on a correlation matrix to represent graphically the relations among numerous variables. In such a situation, the variables may be considered as points on the unit hypersphere of an Euclidean space, and PCA provides a sort of best fit of these points within a subspace. Taking into account their particular position, this paper suggests to represent the variables on an optimal threedimensional unit sphere. Résumé: Il est classique d'utiliser une analyse en composantes principales pour représenter graphiquement une matrice de corrélation. Dans une telle situation, les variables peuvent être considérées comme des points sur l'hypersphère unité d'un espace Euclidien, et l'analyse en composantes principales permet d'obtenir une bonne approximation de ces points à l'aide d'un sous-espace Euclidien. Prenant en compte une telle situation géométrique, le présent article suggère de représenter les variables sur une sphère tri-dimensionelle optimale.
ucous sheet production in Porites : an effective bioindicator of ediment related pressures

Some coral species of the genus Porites can produce thick mucous sheets that partially or completely envelope the colony’s surface. This phenomenon has been reported many times, but the cause and ecological significance remains unclear. In this study, sheet production was examined in response to elevated suspended sediment concentrations associated with a large-scale, extended dredging project on a coral reef. Approximately 400 corals at 16 locations situated from 0.2–33 km from the excavation area were examined at fortnightly intervals over the 1.5 year dredging campaign. Mucous sheets were observed on 447 occasions (from 10,600 observations), with average mucous prevalence ranging from 0–10%. Overall 74 ± 5% of the colonies <1.5 km from the dredging produced one or more sheets. High levels of mucous coverage (≥95% of the colony surface) was observed on 68 occasions, and 82% of these occurred at sites close to the dredging. Approximately 50% of colonies produced ≥3 sheets over the monitoring period, and 90% of these were located close to the dredging. In contrast, at distantly located reference sites (>20 km away), mean mucous sheet prevalence was very low (0.2% ± 0.1), no colonies produced more than 1 sheet, and only 1 colony was observed with high mucous coverage. In a laboratory-based experiment, explants of Porites spp. exposed to fine silt also produced mucous sheets (105 sheets recorded in 1100 observations), with nearly 30% of the fragments exposed to repeated sediment deposition events of 10 −2 −1 and 20 mg cm d producing 2 new sheets over the 28 day exposure period. These multiple lines of evidence suggest a close association between mucous sheet formation and sediment load, and that sheet formation and sloughing are an additional mechanism used by massive Porites spp. to clear their surfaces when sediment loads become too high. These results suggest that mucous sheet formation is an effective bioindicator of sediment exposure. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
Identification Of Bot Accounts In Twitter Using 2 D CNNs On User-generated Contents Notebook for PAN at CLEF 2019

The number of accounts that autonomously publish contents on the web is growing fast, and it is very common to encounter them, especially on social networks. They are mostly used to post ads, false information, and scams that a user might run into. Such an account is called bot, an abbreviation of robot (a.k.a. social bots, or sybil accounts). In order to support the end user in deciding where a social network post comes from, bot or a real user, it is essential to automatically identify these accounts accurately and notify the end user in time. In this work, we present a model of classification of social network accounts in humans or bots starting from a set of one hundred textual contents that the account has published, in particular on Twitter platform. When an account of a real user has been identified, we performed an additional step of classification to carry out its gender. The model was realized through a combination of convolutional and dense neural networks on textual data represented by word embedding vectors. Our architecture was trained and evaluated on the data made available by the PAN Bots and Gender Profiling challenge at CLEF 2019, which provided annotated data in both English and Spanish. Considered as the evaluation metric the accuracy of the system, we obtained a score of 0.9182 for the classification Bot vs. Humans, 0.7973 for Male vs. Female on the English language. Concerning the Spanish language, similar results were obtained. A score of 0.9156 for the classification Bot vs. Humans, 0.7417 for Male vs. Female, has been earned. We consider these results encouraging, and this allows us to propose our model as a good starting point for future researches about the topic when no other descriptive details about the account are available. In order to support future development and the replicability of results, the source code of the proposed model is available on the following GitHub repository: https://github.com/marcopoli/Identification-ofTwitter-bots-using-CNN
Development of advanced high strength steels using hydrogen quench continuous annealing technology

By using hydrogen quench continuous annealing technology, Stelco Inc. has developed a suite of Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS) grades with tensile strength greater than 1000MPa to meet standard automotive specifications and for unique customer requirements. These grades were optimized by correlating chemical composition and processing parameters with microstructures and mechanical properties. Dual-Phase 980 (Stelco trademarked STELMAXTM 980DP), Multi-Phase 1180 (STELMAXTM 1180MP), Martensitic Steel 1300 (STELMAXTM 1300M) and 1500 (STELMAXTM 1500M) products met strength and formability requirements with excellent flatness and surface quality. Hydrogen quench continuous annealing technology not only ensures all developed AHSS grades have consistent mechanical properties across the entire strip length (from strip head to tail) and width (from edge to edge), but also produces high product yield compared with other continuous annealing processes.
Adaptation and Validation of the Gratitude Questionnaire GQ-6 for the Ecuadorian Context

This paper evaluates the factor structure, reliability and validity of the gratitude scale (GQ-6) of McCullough, Emmons and Tsang (2002) and the five-item version proposed by Chen et al. (2009). Results of a sample of 1112 adults show that the fiveitem version has excellent internal consistency (α=.926; ω=.891; GLB=.913); high and significant factor loadings (greater than .8; p<.01), and excellent goodness of fit indexes (χ2(5)=23.837, p<. 001; CFI=. 997; TLI=. 995; RMSEA=. 082, p=. 045; SRMSR=. 035; WRMSR=. 837). The criterion validity was evaluated applying subscales of the PERMA-Profiler: positive emotions (ρ=.5702, p=.021) and negative emotions (ρ=-.1786, p=.0316). Finally, we find psychometric equivalence between the sex of the participants. In conclusion, the five-item questionnaire is valid and reliable in the Ecuadorian context.
An Examination of the Diversity and Abundance of Ichthyoplankton in the Loop Current of the Central Gulf of Mexico

The Loop Current boundary (LCB), an area characterized by the transition of environmental conditions of the water mass between the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and Caribbean, provides increased feeding opportunities relative to the surrounding oligotrophic waters for ichthyoplankton. The goals of this study were to characterize the relative density of ichthyoplankton and to describe the community composition of the LCB. Ichthyoplankton were collected in and around the vicinity of the LCB; attempts were made to distribute samples equally across the LCB. We identified post hoc the origin of ichthyoplankton samples from one of three water masses: GOM, LCB, or Caribbean. We took 18 samples in four transects and caught 12,401 ichthyoplankton from 53 families. Using nonmetric multidimensional scaling, we identified three unique assemblages of ichthyoplankton at the LCB: a transition assemblage found around the LCB and two peripheral groups originating from either GOM or Caribbean water masses. We found significant dissimilarity in the pairwise comparisons of familial compositions (p < 0.05). The LCB ecotone displays a unique biotic assemblage of economically important fishes and may be essential to the early life history of these fishes.
Algorithmic Gait Synthesis for a Snake Robot

The development of snake robots is driven by the promise of capabilities, which traditional robotic platforms do not possess — their highly articulated nature as well as their long and slender bodies enable them to reach confined spaces. They are also of great interest for amphibious locomotion as a single robotic platform can negotiate various environments both on land and in the water. Motion patterns of snakes in nature have been extensively studied by researchers in order to equip snake-like robots with agile locomotion abilities. Mimicking of natural snake gaits has been demonstrated to be effective for locomotion in simple environments (such as flat surfaces devoid of obstacles) but this approach breaks down in more complicated settings and cannot equip snake robots with the agility of their biological counterparts. Little work has been done on generating the gait patterns for robotic snakes completely algorithmically. We believe this would allow us to take the next step towards snake robots that can navigate general unstructured environments. We will show that efficient and effective gaits can be synthesized purely algorithmically without any prior knowledge of any locomotion strategies. We will compare three different methods including a model-based and a model-free approach for synthesizing motion strategies with respect to their performance for both land-based and aquatic locomotion.