Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning representations of Web entities for entity resolution

Purpose Matching instances of the same entity, a task known as entity resolution, is a key step in the process of data integration. This paper aims to propose a deep learning network that learns different representations of Web entities for entity resolution. Design/methodology/approach To match Web entities, the proposed network learns the following representations of entities: embeddings, which are vector representations of the words in the entities in a low-dimensional space; convolutional vectors from a convolutional layer, which capture short-distance patterns in word sequences in the entities; and bag-of-word vectors, created by a bow layer that learns weights for words in the vocabulary based on the task at hand. Given a pair of entities, the similarity between their learned representations is used as a feature to a binary classifier that identifies a possible match. In addition to those features, the classifier also uses a modification of inverse document frequency for pairs, which identifies discriminative words in pairs of entities. Findings The proposed approach was evaluated in two commercial and two academic entity resolution benchmarking data sets. The results have shown that the proposed strategy outperforms previous approaches in the commercial data sets, which are more challenging, and have similar results to its competitors in the academic data sets. Originality/value No previous work has used a single deep learning framework to learn different representations of Web entities for entity resolution.
Nurses’ Knowledge and Treatment Beliefs: Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Pain Management

Purpose: To examine the relationship between nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about medicines, in general, and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and identify the predictors of referrals for pain management. Method: This descriptive, correlational study utilized an online survey to collect data from direct care nurses at a large medical center in southeastern United States. The online survey consisted of the Complementary and Alternative Medicines and Beliefs Inventory (CAMBI), the Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire, and four open-ended questions. Referral data were obtained from the Information Management Department at this medical center. Results: Among the 218 nurses who completed the survey (15.12%), majority (85%) supported CAM use, but only 32% reported utilizing CAM therapies with patients. Medical surgical, emergency department, and perioperative nurses scored higher on their CAMBI total score and were more likely to refer for CAM therapies when compared with intensive care unit nurses. Conclusions: Beliefs about CAM specifically were not related to referrals for CAM therapies. This study suggests the need for further education on the nurse’s role in CAM usage. Understanding the link between nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and treatment beliefs and their relationship to CAM usage provides direction for future educational interventions.
Sunshine is an Important Determinant of Vitamin D Status Even Among High‐dose Supplement Users: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Crohn's Disease Patients

Sunshine is considered to be the most important source of vitamin D. Due to an increased risk of skin cancer, sun avoidance is advised, but this directly contributes to the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. The simple solution is to advise vitamin D supplementation. The aim of this study was to examine the absolute and relative contribution of sunshine and supplementation to vitamin status. This study was a secondary analysis of an RCT of 92 Crohn's disease patients in remission (49% female, median age = 44). Participants were randomized to 2000 IU day−1 of vitamin D3 or placebo for 1 year, with 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) being measured at baseline and every 4 months. Based on participant's place of residence, daily ambient UVB dose at wavelengths that can induce vitamin D synthesis (D‐UVB) was obtained. Cumulative and weighted ambient D‐UVB (cw‐D‐UVB) exposure prior to each blood draw was calculated for each participant. Linear regression analysis and multilevel modeling were used to examine the association between UVB exposure, supplementation and 25(OH)D concentration. There was considerable annual variation in D‐UVB, cw‐D‐UVB and 25(OH)D. Both supplementation and cw‐D‐UVB were found to be strongly associated with 25(OH)D: in multilevel model, an increase of approximately 6 nmol L−1 for every 100 kJ m−2 in cw‐D‐UVB was found, among those receiving placebo and supplementation (P < 0.0001). Treatment was associated with increase of 23 nmol L−1 (P < 0.0001). Sunshine is an important determinant of 25(OH)D concentration, even in those who are taking high‐dose vitamin D supplements and reside at a higher mid‐latitude location.
Bortezomib Augments Natural Killer Cell Targeting of Stem-Like Tumor Cells

Tumor cells harboring stem-like/cancer stem cell (CSC) properties have been identified and isolated from numerous hematological and solid malignancies. These stem-like tumor cells can persist following conventional cytoreductive therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, thereby repopulating the tumor and seeding relapse and/or metastasis. We have previously shown that natural killer (NK) cells preferentially target stem-like tumor cells via non- major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted mechanisms. Here, we demonstrated that the proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, augments NK cell targeting of stem cell-like tumor cells against multiple solid human tumor-derived cancer lines and primary tissue samples. Mechanistically, this was mediated by the upregulation of cell surface NK ligands MHC class I chain-related protein A and B (MICA and MICB) on aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH)-positive CSCs. The increased expression of MICA and MICB on CSC targets thereby enhanced NK cell mediated killing in vitro and ex vivo from both human primary tumor and patient-derived xenograft samples. In vivo, the combination of bortezomib and allogeneic NK cell adoptive transfer in immunodeficient mice led to increased elimination of CSCs as well as tumor growth delay of orthotopic glioblastoma tumors. Taken together, our data support the combination bortezomib and NK transfer as a strategy for both CSC targeting and potentially improved outcomes in clinical cancer patients.
In-Cell NMR: Analysis of Protein–Small Molecule Interactions, Metabolic Processes, and Protein Phosphorylation

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy enables the non-invasive observation of biochemical processes, in living cells, at comparably high spectral and temporal resolution. Preferably, means of increasing the detection limit of this powerful analytical method need to be applied when observing cellular processes under physiological conditions, due to the low sensitivity inherent to the technique. In this review, a brief introduction to in-cell NMR, protein–small molecule interactions, posttranslational phosphorylation, and hyperpolarization NMR methods, used for the study of metabolites in cellulo, are presented. Recent examples of method development in all three fields are conceptually highlighted, and an outlook into future perspectives of this emerging area of NMR research is given.
Structure and Synthesis of Antifungal Disulfide β-Strand Proteins from Filamentous Fungi

The discovery and understanding of the mode of action of new antimicrobial agents is extremely urgent, since fungal infections cause 1.5 million deaths annually. Antifungal peptides and proteins represent a significant group of compounds that are able to kill pathogenic fungi. Based on phylogenetic analyses the ascomycetous, cysteine-rich antifungal proteins can be divided into three different groups: Penicillium chrysogenum antifungal protein (PAF), Neosartorya fischeri antifungal protein 2 (NFAP2) and “bubble-proteins” (BP) produced, for example, by P. brevicompactum. They all dominantly have β-strand secondary structures that are stabilized by several disulfide bonds. The PAF group (AFP antifungal protein from Aspergillus giganteus, PAF and PAFB from P. chrysogenum, Neosartorya fischeri antifungal protein (NFAP)) is the best characterized with their common β-barrel tertiary structure. These proteins and variants can efficiently be obtained either from fungi production or by recombinant expression. However, chemical synthesis may be a complementary aid for preparing unusual modifications, e.g., the incorporation of non-coded amino acids, fluorophores, or even unnatural disulfide bonds. Synthetic variants up to ca. 6–7 kDa can also be put to good use for corroborating structure determination. A short overview of the structural peculiarities of antifungal β-strand disulfide bridged proteins will be given. Here, we describe the structural propensities of some known antifungal proteins from filamentous fungi which can also be prepared with modern synthetic chemistry methods.
The Development of Gastric Outlet Obstruction due to a Lumen-occupying Protruding Duodenal Ulcer Mimicking a Submucosal Tumor

Even in the era of Helicobacter pylori eradication and proton pump inhibitors, peptic ulcer remains an important disease. Stricture due to a duodenal ulcer in the healing stage is a well-known etiology of benign gastric outlet obstruction. However, a duodenal ulcer-induced submucosal tumor-like change with gastric outlet obstruction is a very rare manifestation. We herein present a rare case of a patient with deteriorating symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction caused by an unusual manifestation of a lumen-occupying protruding duodenal ulcer mimicking a submucosal tumor.
A qualitative examination of the experience of skin camouflage by people living with visible skin conditions

BACKGROUND People with a visible skin conditions can experience anxiety and intrusive reactions from others when in social situations. The use of products to conceal marks on the skin is provided in a number of different hospital services and by charities. However, little is known about the experience of people using camouflage as a tool for enhancing quality of life. AIM This study aimed to examine the experience of using skin camouflage to cover a visible mark on the skin. It sought to gain a detailed account of the issues associated with camouflage use and the needs of people using it. METHODS Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to gain a detailed understanding of the meaning of camouflage use for participants. Six skin camouflage service-users completed semi-structured interviews. RESULTS The IPA analysis revealed that the experience of using camouflage was influenced by socio-cultural factors and the views of others. The use of camouflage was linked to investment in appearance maintenance and functioned to give a sense of control over social interactions, increase social confidence and manage concern about the responses of others. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an in-depth insight into the experience of using skin camouflage and suggests that camouflage can play a valuable role in maintaining wellbeing in those living with a visible skin condition. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Estimation of the elastic modulus of child cortical bone specimens via microindentation

ABSTRACT Purpose: Non-pathological child cortical bone (NPCCB) studies can provide clinicians with vital information and insights. However, assessing the anisotropic elastic properties of NPCCB remains a challenge for the biomechanical engineering community. For the first time, this paper provides elastic moduli values for NPCCB specimens in two perpendicular directions (longitudinal and transverse) and for two different structural components of bone tissue (osteon and interstitial lamellae). Materials and Methods: Microindentation is one of the reference methods used to measure bone stiffness. Here, 8 adult femurs (mean age 82 ± 8.9 years), 3 child femurs (mean age 13.3 ± 2.1 years), and 16 child fibulae (mean age 10.2 ± 3.9 years) were used to assess the elastic moduli of adult and child bones by microindentation. Results: For adult specimens, the mean moduli measured in this study are 18.1 (2.6) GPa for osteons, 21.3 (2.3) GPa for interstitial lamellae, and 13.8 (1.7) GPa in the transverse direction. For child femur specimens, the mean modulus is 14.1 (0.8) GPa for osteons, lower than that for interstitial lamellae: 15.5 (1.5) GPa. The mean modulus is 11.8 (0.7) GPa in the transverse direction. Child fibula specimens show a higher elastic modulus for interstitial lamellae 15.8 (1.5) than for osteons 13.5 (1.6), with 10.2 (1) GPa in the transverse direction. Conclusion: For the first time, NPCCB elastic modulus values are provided in longitudinal and transverse directions at the microscale level.
Fault Diagnosis of Motor Bearings Based on a One-Dimensional Fusion Neural Network

Deep learning has been an important topic in fault diagnosis of motor bearings, which can avoid the need for extensive domain expertise and cumbersome artificial feature extraction. However, existing neural networks have low fault recognition rates and low adaptability under variable load conditions. In order to solve these problems, we propose a one-dimensional fusion neural network (OFNN), which combines Adaptive one-dimensional Convolution Neural Networks with Wide Kernel (ACNN-W) and Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory. Firstly, the original vibration time-domain signals of a motor bearing acquired by two sensors are resampled. Then, four frameworks of ACNN-W optimized by RMSprop are utilized to learn features adaptively and pre-classify them with Softmax classifiers. Finally, the D-S evidence theory is used to comprehensively determine the class vector output by the Softmax classifiers to achieve fault detection of the bearing. The proposed method adapts to different load conditions by incorporating complementary or conflicting evidences from different sensors through experiments on the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) motor bearing database. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively enhance the cross-domain adaptive ability of the model and has a better diagnostic accuracy than other existing experimental methods.
Cosmic shear as a probe of galaxy formation physics

We evaluate the potential for current and future cosmic shear measurements from large galaxy surveys to constrain the impact of baryonic physics on the matter power spectrum. We do so using a model-independent parameterization that describes deviations of the matter power spectrum from the dark-matter-only case as a set of principal components that are localized in wavenumber and redshift. We perform forecasts for a variety of current and future datasets, and find that at least ~90% of the constraining power of these datasets is contained in no more than nine principal components. The constraining power of different surveys can be quantified using a figure of merit defined relative to currently available surveys. With this metric, we find that the final Dark Energy Survey dataset (DES Y5) and the Hyper Suprime Cam Survey will be roughly an order of magnitude more powerful than existing data in constraining baryonic effects. Upcoming Stage IV surveys (LSST, Euclid, and WFIRST) will improve upon this by a further factor of a few. We show that this conclusion is robust to marginalization over several key systematics. The ultimate power of cosmic shear to constrain galaxy formation is dependent on understanding systematics in the shear measurements at small (sub-arcminute) scales. If these systematics can be sufficiently controlled, cosmic shear measurements from DES Y5 and other future surveys have the potential to provide a very clean probe of galaxy formation and to strongly constrain a wide range of predictions from modern hydrodynamical simulations.
The Effects of Red Versus Blue Lights and Neuroticism on Voluntary Biceps Brachii Muscle Contraction

This study investigated the effects of red and blue monochromatic lights and neuroticism on athletes’ maximal isometric voluntary contraction (iMVC) level of the biceps brachii muscle. During elbow flexion, we measured iMVCs under a white light (control) condition and under red and blue light conditions. Under red light (vs. white and blue), participants demonstrated a greater iMVC level. Further, based on a median split of the athletes’ scores on Tatar’s Five Factor Personality Inventory, high and low neuroticism groups showed no red light differences, while, in the blue light condition, participants high in neuroticism increased the iMVC level by 4.04% and those low in neuroticism decreased iMVC level by 6.31%. Thus, the effect of colored light on athletes’ motor output varied with individual personality differences in neuroticism.
Epilepsy-associated mutations in the voltage sensor of KCNQ3 affect voltage dependence of channel opening

One of the major factors known to cause neuronal hyperexcitability is malfunction of the potassium channels formed by KCNQ2 and KCNQ3. These channel subunits underlie the M current, which regulates neuronal excitability. Here, I investigate the molecular mechanisms by which epilepsy-associated mutations in the voltage sensor (S4) of KCNQ3 cause channel malfunction. Voltage clamp fluorometry reveals that the R230C mutation in KCNQ3 allows S4 movement but shifts the open/closed transition of the gate to very negative potentials. This results in the mutated channel remaining open throughout the physiological voltage range. Substitution of R230 with natural and unnatural amino acids indicates that the functional effect of the arginine residue at position 230 depends on both its positive charge and the size of its side chain. I find that KCNQ3-R230C is hard to close, but it is capable of being closed at strong negative voltages. I suggest that compounds that shift the voltage dependence of S4 activation to more positive potentials would promote gate closure and thus have therapeutic potential.
Arabidopsis seryl‐tRNA synthetase: the first crystal structure and novel protein interactor of plant aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase

The rules of the genetic code are established by aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) enzymes, which covalently link tRNA with the cognate amino acid. Many aaRSs are involved in diverse cellular processes beyond translation, acting alone, or in complex with other proteins. However, studies of aaRS noncanonical assembly and functions in plants are scarce, as are structural studies of plant aaRSs. Here, we have solved the crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana cytosolic seryl‐tRNA synthetase (SerRS), which is the first crystallographic structure of a plant aaRS. Arabidopsis SerRS displays structural features typical of canonical SerRSs, except for a unique intrasubunit disulfide bridge. In a yeast two‐hybrid screen, we identified BEN1, a protein involved in the metabolism of plant brassinosteroid hormones, as a protein interactor of Arabidopsis SerRS. The SerRS:BEN1 complex is one of the first protein complexes of plant aaRSs discovered so far, and is a rare example of an aaRS interacting with an enzyme involved in primary or secondary metabolism. To pinpoint regions responsible for this interaction, we created truncated variants of SerRS and BEN1, and identified that the interaction interface involves the SerRS globular catalytic domain and the N‐terminal extension of BEN1 protein. BEN1 does not have a strong impact on SerRS aminoacylation activity, indicating that the primary function of the complex is not the modification of SerRS canonical activity. Perhaps SerRS performs as yet unknown noncanonical functions mediated by BEN1. These findings indicate that – via SerRS and BEN1 – a link exists between the protein translation and steroid metabolic pathways of the plant cell.
A rigorous measure of genome-wide genetic shuffling that takes into account crossover positions and Mendel’s second law

Significance An important process in sexual organisms is the shuffling of maternal and paternal DNA in gametes by both crossing over and independent assortment of homologous chromosomes. Traditional measures of the total amount of genetic shuffling simply count the average number of crossovers, failing to take into account independent assortment and, importantly, the positions of crossovers. We develop a measure of total shuffling that takes into account these features: r¯, the probability that a randomly chosen pair of loci shuffles their alleles in a gamete. Measuring r¯ in humans, we find that total shuffling is close to its maximum possible value of one-half and that this high value is largely due to independent assortment. Comparative studies in evolutionary genetics rely critically on evaluation of the total amount of genetic shuffling that occurs during gamete production. Such studies have been hampered by the absence of a direct measure of this quantity. Existing measures consider crossing-over by simply counting the average number of crossovers per meiosis. This is qualitatively inadequate, because the positions of crossovers along a chromosome are also critical: a crossover toward the middle of a chromosome causes more shuffling than a crossover toward the tip. Moreover, traditional measures fail to consider shuffling from independent assortment of homologous chromosomes (Mendel’s second law). Here, we present a rigorous measure of genome-wide shuffling that does not suffer from these limitations. We define the parameter r¯ as the probability that the alleles at two randomly chosen loci are shuffled during gamete production. This measure can be decomposed into separate contributions from crossover number and position and from independent assortment. Intrinsic implications of this metric include the fact that r¯ is larger when crossovers are more evenly spaced, which suggests a selective advantage of crossover interference. Utilization of r¯ is enabled by powerful emergent methods for determining crossover positions either cytologically or by DNA sequencing. Application of our analysis to such data from human male and female reveals that (i) r¯ in humans is close to its maximum possible value of 1/2 and that (ii) this high level of shuffling is due almost entirely to independent assortment, the contribution of which is ∼30 times greater than that of crossovers.