Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of Five-Phase Modular Flux-Switching Permanent-Magnet Machines for High Reliability Applications

This paper proposes and designs a new five-phase modular flux-switching permanent-magnet (M-FSPM) machine for high reliability applications. The key is the new machine topology which incorporates the concept of fault-tolerant teeth (FTT) to provide the desired decoupling among phases. The electromagnetic performances of the newly designed M-FSPM machines having 18 and 19 rotor poles are quantitatively analyzed including the flux, back-EMF, cogging torque as well as unbalanced magnetic force (UMF). The results show that the proposed M-FSPM machine not only retains the merits of stator-PM machines and multiphase machines, but also offers lower cost and higher fault-tolerant capability. Especially, the 10/19-pole one incorporates the merits of symmetric back-EMF and reduced cogging torque, while suffers from UMF. Two experimental M-FSPM machines are designed and built for exemplification. Experimental results of the prototypes are given to confirm the validity of the proposed machines.
Coseismic and postseismic deformation due to the 2007 M5.5 Ghazaband fault earthquake, Balochistan, Pakistan

Time series analysis of interferometric synthetic aperture radar data reveals coseismic and postseismic surface displacements associated with the 2007 M5.5 earthquake along the southern Ghazaband fault, a major but little studied fault in Pakistan. Modeling indicates that the coseismic surface deformation was caused by ~9 cm of strike‐slip displacement along a shallow subvertical fault. The earthquake was followed by at least 1 year of afterslip, releasing ~70% of the moment of the main event, equivalent to a M5.4 earthquake. This high aseismic relative to the seismic moment release is consistent with previous observations for moderate earthquakes (M < 6) and suggests that smaller earthquakes are associated with a higher aseismic relative to seismic moment release than larger earthquakes.
Serologic and molecular detection of granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Rhode Island

A new indirect fluorescent-antibody (IFA) assay with antigen produced in vitro in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60 was used to identify the first recognized case of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Rhode Island. This IFA assay was used to detect granulocytic ehrlichiae in white-footed mice and in a dog inhabiting the area surrounding the patient's residence. Host-seeking Ixodes scapularis ticks found in the same habitat also were infected. I. scapularis ticks collected from other locations were fed on dogs and New Zealand White rabbits to assess the competency of these species as hosts of granulocytotropic Ehrlichia. Tick-induced infections of dogs were confirmed by serologic testing, tissue culture isolation, and PCR amplification, whereas several rabbits seroconverted but were PCR and culture negative. PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene and DNA sequencing of the PCR products or culture isolation was used to confirm granulocytic Ehrlichia infections in humans, dogs, white-footed mice, and ticks.
DNA methylation functions as a critical regulator of Kir4.1 expression during CNS development

Kir4.1, a glial‐specific K+ channel, is critical for normal CNS development. Studies using both global and glial‐specific knockout of Kir4.1 reveal abnormal CNS development with the loss of the channel. Specifically, Kir4.1 knockout animals are characterized by ataxia, severe hypomyelination, and early postnatal death. Additionally, Kir4.1 has emerged as a key player in several CNS diseases. Notably, decreased Kir4.1 protein expression occurs in several human CNS pathologies including CNS ischemic injury, spinal cord injury, epilepsy, ALS, and Alzheimer's disease. Despite the emerging significance of Kir4.1 in normal and pathological conditions, its mechanisms of regulation are unknown. Here, we report the first epigenetic regulation of a K+ channel in the CNS. Robust developmental upregulation of Kir4.1 expression in rats is coincident with reductions in DNA methylation of the Kir4.1 gene, KCNJ10. Chromatin immunoprecipitation reveals a dynamic interaction between KCNJ10 and DNA methyltransferase 1 during development. Finally, demethylation of the KCNJ10 promoter is necessary for transcription. These findings indicate DNA methylation is a key regulator of Kir4.1 transcription. Given the essential role of Kir4.1 in normal CNS development, understanding the regulation of this K+ channel is critical to understanding normal glial biology. GLIA 2014;62:411–427
Improving access needs a whole systems approach

A population that can do trivial things like shopping 24 hours a day in a variety of ways does not expect that doing serious things like accessing health care should be as difficult as it often is. Optimal access means providing the right service at the right time in the right place. Simplifying and improving access according to need is evident in recent initiatives by the British government, such as NHS Direct. Good access arrangements in the NHS will be central to averting crises in the millennium winter. Access should therefore be treated as part of a whole system of formal and informal care,1 ensuring that links are made within and between public services of all kinds. From this perspective there are many ways in which access can be improved. Firstly, ways of providing easier and more appropriate access to and between public services should be explored. Good access arrangements are vital at the interfaces of self and formal care and between primary and secondary care. Adoption of a whole systems approach in the winter of 1998-99 (involving better coordination between …
Planar Rowland spectrometer for fiber-optic wavelength demultiplexing.

A planar Rowland spectrometer was fabricated and characterized as a wavelength demultiplexer for multimode fiber-optic applications. The spectrometer consisted of a planar multimode glass waveguide with two curved end faces and a cylindrical concave grating attached to one of the end faces. Semiconductor lasers with wavelengths between 0.825 and 0.845 microm were used for the measurements. Cross-talk isolation between two adjacent fibers with center-to-center separation of 175 microm (100 A in wavelength difference) was measured to be 18 dB. The device's performance was limited by grating diffraction efficiency, optical aberration , waveguide dispersion, and waveguide losses.
Interleaved Hop-by-Hop Authentication using fuzzy logic to defend against of False Report Injection by Replaying an attack

Summary The wireless sensor node, being a micro electronic device, can only be equipped with a limited power source ( < 0.5 Ahm 1.2 V). In some application scenarios (which is like military area), replenishment of power resources might be impossible. Sensor node lifetime, therefore, shows a strong dependence on battery lifetime. An adversary may compromise some sensor nodes and use them to inject false sensing reports. False report can lead to not only false alarms but also false depletion of limited energy resource in battery powered networks. The interleaved hop-byhop authentication scheme detects and filters such false reports through interleaved authentication. However an Adversary can make energy spent in nodes as false report injection of replaying attack relaying attack. The aim of adversary is to drain the limited energy in sensor nodes not to send false report to the Base Station. In this paper, we propose a countermeasure from this attack in using fuzzy logic in IHA scheme. Sensor network, IHA, Fuzzy logic
Principles of recombinant protein production , extraction and purification from bacterial strains

Introduction Recombinant protein production The biotechnology field intends to produce recombinant proteins from bacteria, which can be made in far greater abundance than many native proteins [1]. There are a number of ways through which genetic engineering is accomplished to produce a recombinant protein [2]. This process has five main step included; isolation of the genes of interest, insertion of the genes into a transfer vector, transformation of the cells of the organism, selection of the genetically modified organism (GMO) from those that have not been successfully modified [3, 4]. The 5 Review Article Page: 18-33
Evaluation of a Rapid PCR Assay for Diagnosis of Meningococcal Meningitis

ABSTRACT We compared the results of Gram staining and culture of cerebrospinal fluid to results obtained with a rapid PCR assay for the diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis in 281 cases of suspected bacterial meningitis. PCR had a sensitivity of 97% compared to a sensitivity of 55% for culture, and the PCR specificity was 99.6%. PCR results were available within 2 h of the start of the assay.
Evidence that the two C1q binding membrane proteins, gC1q-R and cC1q-R, associate to form a complex.

Two types of widely coexpressed, highly acidic, cell membrane binding proteins that display preferential domain specificity for C1q have been described: a 60-kDa calreticulin homologue, designated cC1q-R, that binds to the collagen-like "stalk" and a 33-kDa glycoprotein with affinity for the globular "heads" (gC1q-R). Although the two molecules are known to be coexpressed on all cell types examined to date and often coelute during purification, there is no direct evidence showing that they associate with each other either on the membrane or when examined in a purified system. In this report we present the first evidence that 1) biotinylated cC1q-R binds to recombinant as well as native gC1q-R, as assessed by solid phase ELISA; 2) binding sites for cC1q-R are located within N-terminal residues 76 through 93 of the mature form of gC1q-R and within residues 204 through 218; 3) this interaction is inhibited by two mAbs, 60.11 and 46.23, that recognize primarily epitopes within the N terminus of gC1q-R corresponding to residues 74 through 96 and by mAb 74.5. 2 that recognizes epitopes within residues 204 through 218; and 4) biotinylated cC1q-R binds to microtiter-fixed Raji and K562 cells, and this interaction is inhibited by mAb 60.11. Furthermore, coimmunoprecipitation analysis of Raji cell membranes with anti-gC1q-R mAbs showed the presence of cC1q-R in addition to gC1q-R. Taken together, the evidence suggests that cC1q-R is able to form a complex with gC1q-R and may associate with gC1q-R on the cell surface.
String-based minimum verification error (SB-MVE) training for speech recognition

Abstract In recent years, we have experienced an increasing demand for speech recognition technology to be utilized in various real-world applications, such as name dialling, message retrieval, etc. During this process, we have learned that the performance of speech recognition systems under laboratory environment cannot be duplicated in the actual service. Two major causes have been identified to this problem. The first is the lack ofrobustnesswhen the acoustic conditions in testing are different from those in training. The second is the lack offlexibilitywhen handling spontaneous speech input which often contains extraneous speech in addition to the desired speech segments of key phrases. This paper focuses on one aspect of achieving flexible speech recognition, namely, improving the ability to cope with naturally spoken utterances through discriminative utterance verification. We propose an algorithm for training utterance verification systems based on the minimum verification error (MVE) training framework. Experimental results on speaker-independent telephone-based connected digits show a significant improvement in verification accuracy when the discriminant function used in MVE training is made consistent with the confidence measure used in utterance verification. At a 10% rejection rate, for example, the new proposed method reduces the string error rate by a further 22·7% over our previously reported results in which the MVE-based discriminative training was not incorporated.
Mutant-enriched PCR and allele-specific hybridization reaction to detect K-ras mutations in stool DNA: high prevalence in a large sample of older adults.

BACKGROUND Testing for mutant K-ras in stool has been proposed for the detection of pancreatic and colorectal cancer (CRC). Different analytical techniques have been developed, but studies of this biomarker in the general population are lacking. We investigated the prevalence and potential determinants of mutant K-ras in stool in a large sample of unselected older adults and assessed the association with colonoscopic findings. METHODS In stool samples from 875 older adults (age range 50-75 years) participating in a large-scale population-based cohort study, we used mutant-enriched PCR and allele-specific hybridization reaction to analyze mutations in codons 12 and 13 of the K-ras gene. We assessed the association between mutant K-ras in stool and risk factors for gastrointestinal cancer sites, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency determined by fecal pancreas elastase 1, and colonoscopic findings. RESULTS The overall prevalence of mutant K-ras in stool was 8% (95% confidence interval 6%-10%). There was a tentative association between increased fecal pancreas elastase 1 and mutant K-ras in stool (P = 0.09). Patients with advanced colorectal neoplasia diagnosed within 2 years after stool collection (24 with advanced adenomas, 7 with CRC) all tested negative. CONCLUSION The proposed assay identifies mutant K-ras in stool at a higher prevalence than has been reported for other analytical techniques. Our findings do not support the use of this assay for CRC screening, but its potential use for early detection of pancreatic cancer (in combination with other markers) requires further investigation.
Assay-dependent variability of serum insulin concentrations: a comparison of eight assays

Abstract Although insulin measurement is essential for both clinical and research purposes, there is currently no reference method for insulin assays. The aim of this study was to compare results of serum insulin determined by a number of commercially available assays. We compared eight insulin assays by analyzing 165 serum samples. Assays included two chemiluminescence (Roche and DiaSorin), four ELISA (Tosoh, Mercodia, Monobind, and Diametra), and two IRMA (Izotop and BioSource) methods. Each assay was compared with the mean of all assay methods and Bland-Altman difference plots were used to measure agreement between each assay and overall mean. Least squared perpendicular distance regression analysis (Deming’s method) was used to calculate slope and intercept for bias and also for each assay vs. mean of eight assays. Findings showed that the lowest and highest median insulin concentrations varied by a factor of 1.8. Maximum and minimum correlations with mean of assays were observed for Roche (0.992) and BioSource (0.844), respectively. Significant bias was observed in six assays. In pairwise comparisons of different assays, the highest and least mean differences were 7.78 μU/mL and −0.14 μU/mL, respectively. In conclusion, serum insulin measurement with different assays showed a maximum of 1.8-fold difference, a point that should be taken into consideration in the interpretation of circulating insulin levels in both clinical and research fields.
Making Groth's zk-SNARK Simulation Extractable in the Random Oracle Model

The purpose of this note is to provide a variant of Groth’s zk-SNARK [5] that satisfies simulation extractability, which is a strong form of adaptive non-malleability. Let us call such a construction a zk-SE-SNARK for brevity. A straightforward alteration of the construction gives a succinct Signature of Knowledge (SoK). Our construction of both primitives uses a bilinear group (G1,G2,GT ) and a proof/signature requires three G1 elements and two G2 elements. Groth and Maller [6] recently gave a construction of zk-SE-SNARKs and SoKs. Their zk-SE-SNARK has the advantage of requiring only 2 G1 elements and 1 G2 element as in [5]. Their SoK requires an additonal string to be output. Furthermore, they rely on concrete assumptions holding in the Generic Group Model, together with a collision-resistant hash function only for the SoK; whereas our analysis for both primitives requires the full generic group model as in [5] together with the random oracle model.1 On the other hand, our work has the practical advantage of the prover/signer requiring only two group operations more than the prover of [5]; whereas [6], as a result of relying on Square Arithmetic Programs [3] rather than Quadratic Arithmetic Programs [4], require twice as many G2 operations As discussed with Jens Groth and Mary Maller, it is possible to phrase a concrete assumption holding in the Generic Group Model under which our construction and [5] are secure; however this assumption would be quite strong and have an ad-hoc flavor, and in particular would still be stronger than the assumptions in [6] with one exception: [6] require an assumption following from an “asymmetric” group model where there is no efficient isomorphism from G1 to G2 or from G2 to G1. Our work, as [5], does not require assuming this, and the analysis works in particular when G1 = G2.
Effects of Varnishes Containing Chlorhexidine on the Human Dental Plaque Flora

This study describes the effects of varnishes containing 0%, 10%, 20%, or 40% chlorhexidine diacetate on the microflora of human fissure dental plaque. Sandarac, a natural resin, was used as the varnish base. Ten subjects, each with at least four sound fissures harboring high levels of Streptococcus mutans, participated in the study. The fissures in each of the individuals were randomly assigned to four experimental groups, in each of which one of the varnishes was tested. The varnish treatment consisted of a single application of a small amount of varnish onto the fissures. Apart from the selected fissures, the rest of the dentition was left untreated. All chlorhexidine-containing varnishes selectively suppressed S. mutans in fissure plaque, and had no effect on total viable counts or on the numbers of Actinomyces viscosus/naeslundii and Streptococcus sanguis beyond one week. The extent of the suppression depended upon the concentration of chlorhexidine in the varnish, 40% chlorhexidine varnish giving the greatest suppression of S. mutans. At 22 weeks, after a single treatment with varnish containing 40% chlorhexidine, mean S. mutans counts were more than ten times lower than in the control or 10%chlorhexidine varnish group. At that time, S. mutans was still undetectable in five out of ten experimental fissures in this group. The results suggested that sandarac varnishes containing high concentrations of chlorhexidine can be used successfully for long-term suppression of S. mutans in dental fissures.
Fuzzy reasoning method in fuzzy rule-based systems with general and specific rules for function approximation

Discusses linguistic modeling of nonlinear functions with many inputs by fuzzy rule-based systems. That is, our task is to describe a multi-input nonlinear function by fuzzy if-then rules with linguistic interpretation. For a two-dimensional problem (i.e., for a two-input nonlinear function), we usually write linguistic rules in a tabular form, which is often used in fuzzy control problems. While such a tabular form is easily understood by human users, it can not scale up to high-dimensional problems because the number of rules exponentially increases with the dimensionality of the input space. For linguistically describing a nonlinear function with many inputs, we use general linguistic rules together with specific linguistic rules in a single fuzzy rule-based system. In the paper, we first show that the use of a standard fuzzy reasoning method sometimes leads to counterintuitive results. Then we propose a new fuzzy reasoning method that takes into account the specificity of each linguistic rule.
Heart rate response to a caudal block in children anesthetized with sevoflurane after ultrasound confirmation of placement

Previous studies identified decreasing heart rate (HR) as a predictor of successful caudal placement in children using halothane and isoflurane. No changes were found in HR in the one study using sevoflurane. We documented HR changes in children following a caudal block during sevoflurane anesthesia utilizing ultrasound to confirm successful caudal placement.
Multi-camera-based security log management scheme for smart surveillance

In this paper, we propose a new security log management scheme for smart surveillance in a multi-camera environment. Basically, our security log consist of descriptions for various behavior properties of moving objects, such as motion type, time, and speed in a merged camera view. To generate such security log, we first analyze the input video frame from each surveillance camera and construct a motion vector of interest points in the frame. By analyzing the motion vector, we recognize moving objects and trace their local behavior in the video. On the basis of this analysis, we can calculate various global behavior features of the objects in the merged camera view, which can be acquired by stitching together the frames from multiple camera inputs. Such global behavior features are captured into security logs, which can be used to smartly carry out various surveillance operations such as retrieving objects whose behavior is similar to a query behavior or whose behavior shows predefined abnormality. Because our scheme treats all the objects in the frame independently, it can handle multiple objects simultaneously. We implemented a prototype system and performed various experiments to demonstrate that our scheme can achieve a reasonable performance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of surface morphology and chemistry on the enzyme catalyzed biodegradation of polycarbonate-urethanes

Abstract —Polycarbonate based polyurethanes were synthesized with varying hard segment content as well as hard segment chemistry based on three different diisocyanates,1,6-hexane diisocyanate (HDI), 4,4′-methylene bisphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and 4,4-methylene biscyclohexyl diisocyanate (HMDI). The surface chemistry and morphology were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The polymers were incubated with cholesterol esterase (CE) in a phosphate buffer solution at 37°C over 10 weeks. XPS results showed that the surface chemistry changed as the size and chemistry of the hard segment varied within the materials. AFM images exhibited distinctive surface morphologies for all polymers, and this was particularly apparent with changes in the hard segment chemistry. The results showed that the surface of HDI polymers consisted of relatively stiff rod-like structures, which corresponded to the soft segment domains. Polymers with a higher HDI content exhibited a dense top layer containing a relatively higher hard segment component, covering the sub-surface matrix of rod like structures. The MDI based polyurethane had large aggregates on its top surface, which corresponded to the aggregation of harder components. The HMDI based polycarbonate-urethane presented a relatively homogeneous surface where no phase separation could be detected. The relative differences in hard and soft segment content in their surface structure was supported by XPS findings. The analysis of the biodegradation results, concluded that enzyme catalyzed biodegradation within these materials was initiated in amorphous soft segment regions located in the region of the interface between hard and soft segments. A higher hard segment content at the surface contributed significantly to an increase in biostability. The findings provided an enhanced understanding for the role of surface molecular structure in the enzyme catalyzed biodegradation of polyurethanes.