Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating alternative tailings management strategies is more than just Net Present Value

Increasing regulatory and social demands are key driving forces behind operational changes taking place in mining. As TSFs come under scrutiny, operators are looking at alternative tailings management strategies. Integrated tailings management, including technical, economic, environmental, social, and risk aspects of the operation is urgently required. Current evaluation methodologies used to decide on the preferred method are limited, and have often poorly addressed the issue of realistic financial provisioning for the responsible disposal of tailings. The use of high-density tailings may be the best available option in many cases. However, it is often deemed undesirable because of economics – a conclusion that sometimes results from short-term profit-based assessments. Furthermore, there is a recognised lack of information on the costs of dewatering technologies to aid in tailings management decision making. This chapter reports on an economic evaluation completed for comparing the life cycle costs of disposing a typical non-acid generating gold tailings in the Goldfields of WA. Conceptual TSF designs were developed and costed for managing the tailings as slurry, thickened, and filtered tailings. Key elements driving the costs of disposal are highlighted and discussed. The concepts of the West Australian Mining Rehabilitation Fund (MRF) are introduced and considered in the estimates. In the context of increasing tailings management challenges, changes in the life cycle costs over a range of possible future scenarios are presented within the results to evaluate to what extent different TSF designs and closure strategies drive the costs of disposal in the long-term. The chapter ends with a discussion addressing the longstanding challenges of financially quantifying the ‘real’ costs of surface tailings disposal. An appropriate comparison depends on the assessment of the accumulated costs resulting from a more holistic approach. This serves to enable decision makers to decide on the best practice for tailings disposal efficiency to ensure sound environmental and social performance.
Mechanisms by Which Pre-Commercial Thinning Increases Black Spruce Growth in Different Climates and Soil Types

In the province of Quebec (Canada), pre-commercial thinning (PCT) is a common silvicultural practice applied to young black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) stands. PCT removes some of the competing vegetation and smaller black spruce stems, in order to improve growth rates and reduce forest rotation intervals. It is uncertain whether this positive response in black spruce growth is primarily due to lower competition for resources or to other mechanisms, which may vary according to climate or edaphic conditions. We sampled soils and black spruce needles in PCT-treated and non-treated control plots occurring in two climate regimes, as well as on two contrasting soil parent materials within one of these two climate regimes (i.e., three “site types”). We performed our sampling approximately 20 years after treatment. Paired treatment plots (i.e., PCT vs. control) were replicated at four independent sites in each of the three site types, for a total of 24 plots. Over two consecutive years, we measured stand structural characteristics, indices of soil N fertility, soil microbial activity, indices of soil moisture availability, canopy openness, and foliar characteristics in each plot. In each site type, PCT decreased total basal area but increased radial growth of individual trees. Across all plots, soil N mineralization rates measured in 2016 were positively related to foliar N concentrations of one-year-old needles collected in 2017. Annual precipitation, drainage class, potential evapotranspiration, and climate moisture index all indicated that plots occurring in the drier climate and on glacial till deposits were more prone to summer moisture deficits. Accordingly, PCT increased forest floor moisture only in this site type, which may benefit tree growth. In the wetter climate and on poorly drained soils, however, we found evidence that PCT reduces soil N fertility, presumably by increasing the spread of ericaceous shrubs in the understory. In the dry fertile site type, the range in canopy openness was substantially higher (12–37%) and correlated negatively with tree diameter, suggesting that greater light availability did not improve tree growth. Taken collectively, our data suggest that PCT increases black spruce growth across a broad range of site conditions found in Quebec, presumably by lowering intraspecific competition for resources. However, on drier sites, PCT may also benefit trees by increasing soil moisture availability, whereas wetter climates may mitigate the beneficial effect of PCT due to a loss of soil N fertility.
A robust fungal phytogeny using the mitochondrially encoded NAD5 protein sequence

We present a fungal phylogeny based on mitochondrial NAD5 (subunit of the NADH dehydrogenase) protein sequences. The tree topology is well supported by bootstrap analysis and mostly congruent with trees inferred from nuclear sequences, ultrastructural data, or mitochondrial COX1 and COX3 (subunits of the cytochrome oxidase) protein sequences. The NAD5 tree points to (i) an early divergence of the Chytridiomycetes, (ii) an appearance of Zygomycetes prior to the divergence of Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, and (iii) Oomycetes as clearly unrelated to fungi. In addition, this analysis predicts a common ancestor of fungi and animals, to the exclusion of green algae and plants. Our results reinforce the view that protein sequences are of high value in the reconstruction of the phylogenetic history of mitochondria. Key words: protein sequences, mitochondria, phylogeny, fungi, Oomycetes.
Calibrating Human Attention as Indicator Monitoring #drought in the Twittersphere

State climatologists and other expert drought observers have speculated about the value of monitoring Twitter for #drought and related hashtags. This study statistically examines the relationships between the rate of tweeting using #drought and related hashtags, within states, accounting for drought status and news coverage of drought. We collected and geolocated tweets, 2017–18, and used regression analysis and a diversity statistic to explain expected and identify unexpected volumes of tweets. This provides a quantifiable means to detect state-weeks with a volume of tweets that exceeds the upper limit of the prediction interval. To filter out instances where a high volume of tweets is related to the activities of one person or very few people, a diversity statistic was used to eliminate anomalous state-weeks where the diversity statistic did not exceed the 75th percentile of the range for that state’s diversity statistic. Anomalous state-weeks in a few cases preceded the onset of drought but more often coincided with or lagged increases in drought. Tweets are both a means of sharing original experience and a means of discussing news and other recent events, and anomalous weeks occurred throughout the course of a drought, not just at the beginning. A sum-to-zero contrast coefficient for each state revealed a difference in the propensity of different states to tweet about drought, apparently reflecting recent and long-term experience in those states, and suggesting locales that would be most predisposed to drought policy innovation.
Dual-Frequency Programmed Harmonics Modulation-based Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer System via a Common Resonance Link

Most simultaneous wireless information and power transmission (SWIPT) systems currently operate at a single frequency, where the power and information transmission affect the resonance state of each other. This paper proposes a structure using dual-frequency programmed harmonics modulation (DFPHM). The primary-side inverter outputs a dual-frequency (DF) wave containing the power transmission and information transmission frequencies, while the DF wave is coupled to the secondary side through a common inductive link. After the power and information are transmitted to the secondary side, they are demodulated in different branches. Wave trappers are designed on each branch to reduce the interference of information transmission on power transmission. There is no tight coupling transformer in the system to inject information, so the system order is not high. Experiments verified that the proposed structure based on DFPHM is effective.
Dudresnaya okiensis sp. nov. (Dumontiaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Sea of Japan*

Abstract The marine red alga Dudresnaya okiensis sp. nov. (Dumontiaceae, Rhodophyta) is described from the Sea of Japan. It is a deep-water species with the following characters: terete, radially branched thallus, with annulations in young branches, hexagonal crystals in axial cells, hairs, distinct primary axes, cylindrical outer cortical cells, rhizoids up to 36 μm in diameter and bearing cortical laterals, carpogonia once or twice obliquely divided, and an isomorphic alternation of generations; lacking indeterminate-axis primordia, a mucilage coat around the carpogonial and auxiliary-cell filaments, and distinctly cleft cystocarps; and with gonimoblast initials that may or may not be recurved around their auxiliary-cell filament.
Creak in the phonetic space of low tones in Beijing Mandarin, Cantonese, and White Hmong

Low pitch, irregular pitch, and constricted voicing have been proposed as three independent perceptual properties of creaky voice quality, with corresponding acoustic correlates fundamental frequency, harmonics-to-noise ratio, and spectral tilt measure H1-H2. We examined how these three acoustic measures described the variability in a small corpus of multispeaker productions of low falling tones that are often creaky in Beijing Mandarin, Cantonese, and White Hmong. Using principal components analysis, we found that harmonics-to-noise ratios strongly dominated the ﬁrst principal component (50-60% of the variance across languages), while fundamental frequency and H1-H2 were strongly correlated. Moreover, in all three languages, tokens identiﬁed as likely to be creaky by a neural network creak classiﬁer (Drugman et al.2014) clustered in the high noise region of the principal component space according to the ﬁrst principal component. No systematic patterns of clustering with respect to fundamental frequency or spectral tilt were found. Principal component analysis on only tokens identiﬁed as having greater than a 50% likelihood of being creaky indicated a lack of statistical independence between the three acoustic measures across languages and no distinct clusters were found in the principal component space in any language.
Energy Consumption of a Sub-threshold Analog Signed Multiplier Compared to a Digital Implementation

We compare the energy consumed by 8-bit x 8-bit and 16-bit x 16-bit multipliers composed of small analog multipliers implemented using transistors operating in their sub-threshold regions to the energy consumed by equivalent digital implementations. The analysis shows that the analog energy consumption is determined by the required signal-to-noise ratio of the individual analog multipliers and that the energy consumption is higher than the equivalent digital implementation’s energy consumption.
FINE STRUCTURE OF THE FLAGELLAR APPARATUS OF DINOBRYON CYLINDRICUM (CHRYSOPHYCEAE) 1

The three‐dimensional structure of the flagellar apparatus of Dinobryon cylindrioum Imhof. (UTEX no. LB 2266) was determined using serial section reconstruction. Four microtubular rootlet systems (R1, R2, R3, and R4)and a rhizoplast are present, following the general pattern found in other chrysophytes. The R1 rootlet, containing seven microtubules, originates at the basal body of the long flagellum that bears mastigonemes (F1). The R1 rootlet forms an arc which curves in clockwise direction (when viewed from the anterior end of the cell) approximately halfway around the pit from which the short smooth flagellum (F2) emerges. Numerous microtubules cascade from the exterior‐facing side of this rootlet to the tail of the cell. The R2 rootlet originates between the F1 and F2 basal bodies, is attached to the F1 basal body by a fibrous connection, and forms a clockwise arc above the R1 rootlet. This rootlet extends approximately one quarter of the way around the pit. The R3 rootlet system originates as a trough‐shaped band of six microtubules spanning the distance between the proximal ends of the F1 and F2 basal bodies. The six‐membered rootlet splits into two parts, designated R3 and R3. Both parts circle the pit in counter‐clockwise direction, pass beneath the F2 basal body, and descend into the cell alongside the chloroplast. The R4 rootlet originates in fibrous material, passes diagonally over the top of the F2 basal body, forms a clockwise loop at least three quarters of the way around the pit to the interior of the R3 and R3 rootlets, and ends in the cytoplasm.
Involvement of Membrane Lipids in Cold Shock-induced Autolysis of Bacillus subtilis Cells

Exponentially growing Bacillus subtilis cells autolysed when exposed to cold shock treatment in minimal medium followed by incubation at 37°C. From characteristics of the lysis, it was suggested that the cold-shock-induced cell lysis resulted from the perturbation of membrane organization that is initiated by rapid changes in temperature, lipid phase transitions. For maximum lysis induction to occur, in addition to rapid cooling to 5°C or lower, retention at temperatures lower than 10°C for at least 20 min is required. The cell sensitivity to the autolysis induction by cold shock was different between cells grown at 25°C and cells grown at 37°C. Analyses of the fatty acid composition and the phase transition temperature of membrane lipids suggested that the membrane fluidity may affect the autolysis induction. Experiments to discover the effects of cerulenin treatment and lipid addition on autolysis induction and the autolysin activity level support the hypothesis that membrane lipids are involved in cold.
Arabidopsis thaliana BOR4 is upregulated under high boron conditions and confers tolerance to high boron

Abstract Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants, but a high concentration of B is toxic. Typical B toxicity symptoms include necrosis of marginal leaves and inhibition of root elongation. Reduction of crop productivity has been reported in high-B contaminated soils, present especially in semi-arid areas in the world. We have previously reported that overexpression of BOR4, an Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. efflux-type B transporter, conferred high B tolerance in A. thaliana. In the present study, we characterized physiological roles and expression patterns of endogenous BOR4 in A. thaliana. Decreased shoot growths and increased B concentrations in shoots were found in A. thaliana T-DNA insertion mutants of BOR4 under toxic levels of B supply, compared to the wild type plants. β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining in the transgenic ProBOR4-GUS plants was predominately detected in root meristems and endodermis of mature portion of the roots. Furthermore, mRNA levels of BOR4 in roots were increased by 2-fold upon 3-day treatment of the high B condition and analysis of the transgenic ProBOR4-GUS plants showed that this high B-dependent induction is controlled by the 5' flanking sequences of BOR4 ORF. We concluded that endogenous BOR4 is a high-B inducible gene that functions in high-B tolerance
Use of U-73122 as an Inhibitor of Phospholipase C-Dependent Processes

1-[6-[[17β-3-Methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl]amino]-hexyl]1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (U-73122) is an aminosteroid that was identified initially as a potent inhibitor of platelet activation by receptor-specific agonists. U-73122 inhibits receptor-coupled generation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (but not cyclic AMP) and intracellular mobilization of Ca 2+ in a variety of cell types. U-73122 inhibits phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) activity in cell-free systems, but exhibits little or no direct inhibition of phospholipases A2 and D. Structure-activity analysis revealed that the maleimide group of U-73122 is essential, but not sufficient, for inhibitory activity. The succinimide analog of U-73122 (U-73343) has negligible inhibitory activity and is a useful control compound. On the basis of information derived from the use of U-73122 in a variety of cell types, procedures for storing, dissolving, and presenting U-73122 to cells are recommended. While knowledge of the mechanism of action of U-73122 would extend the utility of this compound, U-73122 has already been employed successfully to examine PI-PLC involvement in a variety of cellular processes. The application of U-73122 in an investigation of muscarinic receptor sequestration in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells is illustrated.
Intellectual capital and firm innovation: incentive effect and selection effect

ABSTRACT We examine the relationship between intellectual capital (measured by manually constructed human capital and organizational capital) and firm innovation of Chinese listed firms. Empirical results show that human capital and organizational capital positively affect the R&D investment and the number of various patent applications. Moreover, the relationship between intellectual capital and innovation activities is influenced by macroeconomic factors, industry characteristics and firm heterogeneity. Therefore, intellectual capital has incentive effect and selection effect on firm innovation in typical developing countries, such as China.
Historic and modern genomes unveil a domestic introgression gradient in a wild red junglefowl population

The red junglefowl Gallus gallus is the ancestor of the domestic chicken and arguably the most important bird species on Earth. Continual gene flow between domestic and wild populations has compromised its gene pool, especially since the last century when human encroachment and habitat loss would have led to increased contact opportunities. We present the first combined genomic and morphological admixture assessment of a native population of red junglefowl, sampled from recolonized parts of its former range in Singapore, partly using whole genomes resequenced from dozens of individuals. Crucially, this population was genomically anchored to museum samples from adjacent Peninsular Malaysia collected ~110–150 years ago to infer the magnitude of modern domestic introgression across individuals. We detected a strong feral–wild genomic continuum with varying levels of domestic introgression in different subpopulations across Singapore. Using a trait scoring scheme, we determined morphological thresholds that can be used by conservation managers to successfully identify individuals with low levels of domestic introgression, and selected traits that were particularly useful for predicting domesticity in genomic profiles. Our study underscores the utility of combined genomic and morphological approaches in population management and suggests a way forward to safeguard the allelic integrity of wild red junglefowl in perpetuity.
Ajuste da carga animal em experimentos de pastejo: uma nova proposta

The variation in available forage mass is frequently observed in grazing experiments, conducted with fixed forage allowance. For better forage mass control, a new method is proposed to adjust stocking rate, based on forage mass and forage allowance, dry matter (DM) accumulation rate, herbage intake rate, and forage susceptible to refusal and lost parameters. This method was used in Departamento de Zootecnia, UFSM, in a pearl millet grazing experiment with different nitrogen levels (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600kg ha-1), intending to maintain a forage DM mass close to 2500kg ha-1 during the experimental period. The DM accumulation rate was evaluated every 28 days in grazing exclusion cages. The forage susceptible to be refused, evaluated in fixed quadrats, represented 33 to 57% of forage mass, being dependent on nitrogen levels and stocking rate. The used method was efficient in maintaining the intended forage mass, indicating its potential use in experiments aiming better control of the variables involved in plant-animal interface.
Genetic diversity among Synechococcus spp. (cyanobacteria) isolated from the pelagial of Lake Constance

Seven phycoerythrin (PE)-rich and six phycocyanin (PC)-rich unicellular cyanobacteria of the Synechococcus type were isolated from the pelagial of Lake Constance. The genetic diversity among the isolates was evaluated using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) within the psbA gene family. Nine out of 13 isolates exhibit different DNA structures in the probed areas and, furthermore, they differ from morphologically similar strains collected from other lakes. The data set does not support a principal distinction between PC-rich and PE-rich strains but it reveals less heterogeneity in the coding region of the psbA genes among PE-rich isolates than among PC-rich isolates. The isolation of distinct strains in different seasons suggests species diversity and seasonal occurrence of Synechococcus spp. in Lake Constance.
Examining a peer-delivered program for child welfare-involved caregivers at risk for depression

ABSTRACT Caregivers involved in the child welfare system are at heightened risk for depression, which has innumerable, deleterious effects upon the family. Screening and active outreach can facilitate identification and service use, yet there are considerable obstacles to detection and help-seeking. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a peer-delivered detection and active outreach program upon depression and engagement in mental health services. Twenty-four caregivers participated in this four-session intervention (Mage? = ? 32.5? ±? 7.46 years). Caregivers evidenced significant reductions in depressive from baseline to posttest and from baseline to follow-up; scores moved from clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms (M = 26.33) to the subclinical range (M = 14.4 at follow-up). A notable increase in treatment engagement over time, as well as the stability of caregivers involved in treatment was detected. Finally, the number of perceived barriers to help seeking were similar among caregivers who were engaged versus not engaged in services. The findings suggest that the active components of the intervention, when delivered by a peer, can effectively reduce depressive symptoms among high-risk caregivers.
Achromatic Numbers for Circulant Graphs and Digraphs

Abstract In this paper, we determine the achromatic and diachromatic numbers of some circulant graphs and digraphs each one with two lengths and give bounds for other circulant graphs and digraphs with two lengths. In particular, for the achromatic number we state that α (C16q2+20q+7(1, 2)) = 8q + 5, and for the diachromatic number we state that dac(C→\vec C32q2+24q+5(1, 2)) = 8q + 3. In general, we give the lower bounds α (C4q2+aq+1(1, a)) ≥ 4q + 1 and dac(C→\vec C8q2+2(a+4)q+a+3(1, a)) ≥ 4q + 3 when a is a non quadratic residue of ℤ4q+1 for graphs and ℤ4q+3 for digraphs, and the equality is attained, in both cases, for a = 3. Finally, we determine the achromatic index for circulant graphs of q2 +q + 1 vertices when the projective cyclic plane of odd order q exists.