Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel K-Means Clustering Method for Locating Urban Hotspots Based on Hybrid Heuristic Initialization

With rapid economic and demographic growth, traffic conditions in medium and large cities are becoming extremely congested. Numerous metropolitan management organizations hope to promote the coordination of traffic and urban development by formulating and improving traffic development strategies. The effectiveness of these solutions depends largely on an accurate assessment of the distribution of urban hotspots (centers of traffic activity). In recent years, many scholars have employed the K-Means clustering technique to identify urban hotspots, believing it to be efficient. K-means clustering is a sort of iterative clustering analysis. When the data dimensionality is large and the sample size is enormous, the K-Means clustering algorithm is sensitive to the initial clustering centers. To mitigate the problem, a hybrid heuristic "fuzzy system-particle swarm-genetic" algorithm, named FPSO-GAK, is employed to obtain better initial clustering centers for the K-Means clustering algorithm. The clustering results are evaluated and analyzed using three-cluster evaluation indexes (SC, SP and SSE) and two-cluster similarity indexes (CI and CSI). A taxi GPS dataset and a multi-source dataset were employed to test and validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in comparison to the Random Swap clustering algorithm (RS), Genetic K-means algorithm (GAK), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based K-Means, PSO based constraint K-Means, PSO based Weighted K-Means, PSO-GA based K-Means and K-Means++ algorithms. The comparison findings demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve better clustering results, as well as successfully acquire urban hotspots.
Magnetic susceptibility and response time of isotropic and structured magnetorheological elastomers

The response time of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) depends on the complex interplay of multiple factors. In this study we investigate the response times of silicone rubber based elastomers containing magnetically soft fillers (iron and magnetite) with isotropic, and two types of anisotropic particle structures. The response times of the elastomers were extracted as the characteristic time constant from the time domain dynamic susceptibility response to ramp excitation in the weak field limit (H< 10 kAm−1). The MREs with both types of filler materials in all particle configurations showed a positive susceptibility response, while an inverse proportionality was observed between the response times and the slope of the ramp excitation in all cases. The dynamics of the structural change is found to be highly sensitive to the type of the filler material, and the anisotropy of the microstructure. The response times of the iron loaded MREs varied from (4.0 ± 0.3) ms up to (60.5 ± 2.3) ms. The magnetite loaded MREs displayed faster response (between (1.2 ± 0.1) ms and (12.1 ± 1.8) ms), which is attributed to the cross-linking inhibitor effect of the magnetite particles. The anisotropic particle structure also favors a decreased response time, however the remanence of the particles can modify the structural effect.
Effect of Different Mo Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cu-15Ni-8Sn Alloy

In the present study, Mo was added to Cu–15Ni–8Sn alloy as the fourth element to solve the limitation of service performance of the alloy by composition design. The phase composition, microstructure transformation and mechanical properties of Cu–15Ni–8Sn–xMo (x = 0.3, 0.9, 1.5 wt.%) alloy were systematically studied by simulation calculation and experimental characterization. The results show that the addition of Mo can improve the as-cast structure of Cu–15Ni–8Sn alloy and reduce segregation and Cu–Mo phase precipitates on the surface with the increase in Mo contents. During solution treatment, Mo can partially dissolve into the matrix, which may be the key to improving the properties of the alloy. Furthermore, the discontinuous precipitation of Sn can be effectively inhibited by adding the appropriate amount of Mo to Cu–15Ni–8Sn alloy, and the hardness of alloy does not decrease greatly after a long-time aging treatment. When Mo content is 0.9 wt. %, the alloy reaches the peak hardness of 384 HV at 4 h of aging. These results provide new ideas for composition optimization of Cu–15Ni–8Sn alloy.
The Distribution of Clay Minerals and Their Impact on Diagenesis in Glen Torridon, Gale Crater, Mars

Glen Torridon (GT) is a recessive‐trough feature on the northwestern slope of “Mt. Sharp” in Gale crater, Mars with the highest Fe‐/Mg‐phyllosilicates abundances detected by the Curiosity rover to date. Understanding the origin of these clay minerals and their relationship with diagenetic processes is critical for reconstructing the nature and habitability of past surface and subsurface environments in Gale crater. We aim to constrain the distribution and extent of diagenesis using compositional and morphological trends observed by visible‐to‐near infrared reflectance spectra in GT from Mastcam and ChemCam, supported by high‐resolution images from the Mars Hand Lens Imager. Spectral features consistent with nontronite and fine‐grained red hematite are ubiquitous throughout lower GT, and are strongest where diagenetic features are limited, suggesting that both were formed early, before burial. Diagenetic features increase in both abundance and diversity farther up‐section, and we observe morphologic evidence for multiple episodes of diagenesis, with the edge of a diagenetic front partially preserved in the middle stratigraphic member, Knockfarril Hill. Near the contact between GT and the overlying Greenheugh pediment capping unit, we observe a lack of clay minerals with signatures consistent instead with coarse‐grained gray hematite, likely formed through late‐diagenetic alteration. We hypothesize that the sandstone‐dominant Stimson formation acted as a conduit for diagenetic fluid flow into the area and that the clay‐rich impermeable GT slowed the flow of those fluids, leading to enhanced alteration surrounding the clay‐rich portions of GT, including within the nearby Vera Rubin ridge.
Femtosecond Laser Fabrication of Submillimeter Microlens Arrays with Tunable Numerical Apertures

In recent years, the demand for optical components such as microlenses has been increasing, and various methods have been developed. However, fabrication of submillimeter microlenses with tunable numerical aperture (NA) on hard and brittle materials remains a great challenge using the current methods. In this work, we fabricated a variable NA microlens array with submillimeter size on a silica substrate, using a femtosecond laser-based linear scanning-assisted wet etching method. At the same time, the influence of various processing parameters on the microlens morphology and NA was studied. The NA of the microlenses could be flexibly adjusted in the range of 0.2 to 0.45 by changing the scanning distance of the laser and assisted wet etching. In addition, the imaging and focusing performance tests demonstrated the good optical performance and controllability of the fabricated microlenses. Finally, the optical performance simulation of the prepared microlens array was carried out. The result was consistent with the actual situation, indicating the potential of the submillimeter-scale microlens array prepared by this method for applications in imaging and detection.
Regionalism and Co-Design Approach in the Redesign of a Literacy Stage at the Nginden Jangkungan Herbal Library in Surabaya

In recent years, regional libraries in Surabaya have been encouraged to support Gerakan Literasi Nasional (GLN), a national program to cultivate literacy in Indonesia. One of these libraries is the Herbal Library on Nginden Jangkungan street in Surabaya that provides various active literacy activities through a literacy stage facility. However, this facility was lacking identity in terms of visual and spatial character and more sub-facilities were needed to accommodate activities for performing, presenting, conducting workshops and other literacy activities. This research aimed to redesign the literacy stage facility of the Nginden Herbal Library using a regionalism approach combined with a community co-design method. The co-design method is a collaborative process between designers and the community to produce designs that truly answer the needs of the community, promote transfer of knowledge and create a shared sense of ownership. The result of this study is an iconic design of a literacy stage that could accommodate the flexibility of literacy activities while representing the local culture of the community. The regionalism approach was adopted through the implementation of natural elements (leaves, bamboo, red ginger, etc.) originating from the herbal library’s site, and the use of Javanese language and culture. Crafts from plastic waste were also co-designed with the community’s art works. It is hoped that the design product can support the Herbal Library to become a new literacy icon in Surabaya. Keywords: literacy stage, regionalism, co-design, local culture
Understanding Key Factors Influencing Consumers’ Willingness to Try, Buy, and Pay a Price Premium for Mycoproteins

Mycoprotein is a fungal-based meat alternative sold in food retail in various countries around the world. The present study builds on a multi-national sample and uses partial least square structural equation modeling. The proposed conceptual model identified key factors that are driving and inhibiting consumer willingness to try, buy, and pay a price premium for mycoprotein. The results relate to the overall sample of 4088 respondents and to two subsample comparisons based on gender and meat consumption behavior. The results show that the biggest drivers of willingness to consume mycoprotein were healthiness, followed by nutritional benefits, safe to eat, and sustainability. Affordability and taste had mixed results. Willingness to consume mycoprotein was inhibited if nutritional importance was placed on meat and, to a lesser extent, if the taste, texture, and smell of meat were deemed important. Best practice recommendations address issues facing marketing managers in the food industry.
61. A pollen record from Lake Öagöl (south-Swedish Uplands): 1500 years of land-use history

Site details Lake Öagöl (57° 12′ 34′′; 14° 48′ 03′′) is situated in the central part of the province of Småland, southern Sweden, a region characterised by mixed woodlands and small-scale agriculture. The investigated lake has a circular to squarish shape and covers 1.8 ha. A minor road runs through the catchment area (which is 22 ha) on the western side of the lake (approximately 100 m from the lake shore). The nearest village is situated about 2 km away. Historical maps from the nineteenth century show that cultivated fields and hay meadows were situated close to the village. The maps also show that the immediate area around the lake was part of the land, which was mainly used for grazing and wood resources, and that the nearest hay meadow was approximately 500 m away. Today, the land-cover around the lake is mixed woodland, dominated by spruce plantations. On the western side of the lake catchment is a local nature reserve (Kråketorpsskogen, 200 ha), which is protected from modern forestry.
Potential Mechanisms of White Peony against Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

Background Multiple system and organ damage occurs with the continuous progression of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), and the lack of specific drugs against this disease is a huge challenge. White peony (WP), a widely used traditional Chinese herb, has been confirmed to have a therapeutic value in pSS. However, the specific mechanisms of WP in the treatment of pSS are unknown. Methods The active ingredients and their targets in WP were searched on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and disease-related targets were collected from GeneCards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), and the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). The overlapping targets were acquired by taking the intersection. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was structured using the STRING database. A disease-drug-ingredient-target (D-D-I-T) network was built using Cytoscape software. By filtering twice, core targets were acquired. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were accompanied by R packages. Finally, molecular docking was used to verify the abovementioned results. Results In total, we screened 88 WP-related targets, 1480 pSS-related targets, and 32 overlapping targets. D-D-I-T Network analysis displayed six main active ingredients of WP, which played a significant therapeutic role in pSS. Further topological analysis selected seven core target genes, including IL-6, TNF, PPARγ, AKT1, CASP3, NOS3, and JUN. GO and KEGG analysis were used to elucidate pharmacological mechanisms, mainly acting in the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. Molecular docking proved that paeoniflorin bound well with core targets. Conclusion Our study revealed that IL-6, TNF, AKT1, CASP3, NOS3, and JUN may be pathogenic target genes, and PPARγ may be a protective target gene. The main active ingredients of WP mainly played a therapeutic role via the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. These findings provide a fundamental and theoretical basis for the clinical application of WP.
Dark Matter Production in Non-Standard Early Universe Cosmologies

Many dark matter candidates, including asymmetric Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) and sterile neutrinos, are produced in the very early Universe, prior to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN). We show that the relic abundance of asymmetric WIMPs and sterile neutrinos can be very sensitive to the expansion rate of the Universe prior to BBN. In particular, we find that if the production of asymmetric WIMPs occurs during a non-standard cosmological phase, a larger WIMP annihilation cross section is required to produce the present dark matter density than if the WIMPs were produced during a standard, radiation dominated phase. Because of this, the present dark matter annihilation rate could be larger than that of symmetric dark matter produced in the standard cosmology. We also show that if the production of sterile neutrinos occurs during a non-standard cosmological phase, the relic number density of sterile neutrinos could be reduced with respect to the number expected in the standard cosmology, consequently relaxing current bounds on active-sterile neutrino mixing. Finally, we examine whether low reheating temperature cosmologies are allowed by current Cosmic Microwave Background measurements. We find the allowed range of reheating temperatures using monomial and binomial inflationary potentials, and a variety of reheating models. We show that an inflationary model with a φ^1 potential and canonical reheating allows the possibility that dark matter could be produced during the reheating epoch, instead of when the Universe is radiation dominated.
Comparison of microwave pyrolysis and conventional pyrolysis of Eupatorium adenophorum

Eupatorium adenophorum is used as the raw material to produce valuable pyrolysis products by microwave pyrolysis (MP). The influence of pyrolysis parameters (pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis time and nitrogen flow rate) on the yield of pyrolysis products is investigated to get the optimal pyrolysis condition. Eupatorium adenophorum is also conducted in the conventional pyrolysis (CP) to investigate the influence of heat mechanism on the generation process of pyrolysis products. A comparison of MP and CP indicates that MP produces more bio‐gas (48.14%), and less bio‐oil (26.35%) compared to CP. The less carboxylic acid and more phenol in bio‐oil of MP are observed in the condition of MP compared to CP, indicating that MP could upgrade the quality of bio‐oil. Bio‐gas of MP has larger content of H2 and syngas (H2 + CO) than those obtained from CP. The property of bio‐char from MP is better than that of CP in terms of heat value, oxygen content, and specific surface area, which could be utilized in the metallurgical industry.
3D upstream passability of novel river training structures by migratory fish in the river Waal

Longitudinal training dams (LTDs) are novel river training structures that divide a river into a main navigation channel and protected shore channels. High velocities at the inflows of shore channels constructed in the river Waal (The Netherlands) pose a potential bottleneck for migratory fish species swimming upstream. This study assessed the passability of the inflows using flow velocity datasets from governmental monitoring campaigns collected with an ADCP during high river discharges (Q = 3489–5066 m3/s at Lobith monitoring station). The swimming performance of several migratory fish species were estimated from their total lengths (TLs). A new 3D approach to visualize the flow velocity data using Voxler® software is presented. Gasterosteus aculeatus aculeatus was the only fish species with an adult life stage unable to pass the 9 cases tested due to its small size. The juvenile European eel and thicklip grey mullet passed 1 and 0 of the cases, respectively. The most upstream inflow, located in the inner bend of the river, was the most passable. We recommend maximizing the cross-sectional area of the inflow sills in order to reduce the flow velocities experienced by migrating fish during high river discharges. This approach may be useful to assess passability at other locations and training structures.
Epitopes mapped onto SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding motif by five distinct human neutralising antibodies

ABSTRACT An Immune complex formation is mediated through intermolecular interactions between proteins and antigens. In the present study, in silico methods were used to locate, identify and provide valuable structural and energetic information that describes the dominant and energetically stabilising interactions found at the epitope-paratope interface of selected human antibodies, isolated from convalescent COVID-19 patients. These antibodies are directed toward the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD, i.e. residues 333–526). The analyzed immune complexes have shown strong in vitro neutralising activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection by targeting the receptor-binding motif (RBM, i.e. residues 437–508) within the viral SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD. Our data shows that residues Tyr449, Leu455, Phe456, Ala475, Phe486, Gln493, Gln498, Asn501, Gly502 and Tyr505 exhibit strong epitope capability. On another hand, the analyzed paratopes show a large repertoire of residues to recognise RBM epitopes by both the VH and VL chains within complementary determining regions (CDR), which would make it difficult to bind RBM to the human ACE2 cell receptor by residue interactions competition. Undoubtedly, our findings provide valuable structural and energetic information to those previously obtained through experimental crystallographic studies, and provides new insights about the binding interface that could provide a structural basis for rational epitope-based vaccinology.
Selective Identification for Glucose in the Presence of Fructose Using Imprinted Polyeugenol Modified Graphite Paste Electrode

High blood glucose levels indicate diabetes mellitus. The conventional way was carried out to determine glucose levels, but this method just shows the total reducing sugar levels. An electrode was developed to analyze glucose in the presence of fructose by potentiometry. The optimum graphite paste electrodes-Imprinted based on polyeugenol and Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as crosslinkers, had been used as a glucose sensor. Polyeugenol was made by the polymerization reaction with a BF3 catalyst with a molecular weight of 6451.338 g/mol. A total of 2135.99 glucose was contacted with polyeugenol, and the result was crosslinked with EGDMA and 2,2'-Azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) initiator, then Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) was generated. The optimization of electrodes showed that the best composition of MIP: paraffin: graphite is 20:35:45 with the 19.16 mV/decade Nernstian Factor, which can measure samples at the range 10–5–10–1 M with a detection limit of 1.0334 × 10–5 M, a response time of 6–15 s, a lifetime (use) of 19 times and has good selectivity on fructose sample with Kij less than 1. Measurements using this electrode showed that honey contains 28.78% of glucose, not much different from the UV-Vis spectrophotometry, which is 29.68%, and HPLC is 30.42%.
Peripheral inflammation levels associated with degree of advanced brain aging in schizophrenia

Brain structural abnormalities have been demonstrated in schizophrenia (SZ); these resemble those seen in typical aging, but are seen at younger ages. Furthermore, SZ is associated with accelerated global brain aging, as measured by brain structure-based brain predicted age difference (Brain-PAD). High heterogeneity exists in the degree of brain abnormalities in SZ, and individual differences may be related to levels of peripheral inflammation and may relate to cognitive deficits and negative symptoms. The goal of our study was to investigate the relationship between brain aging, peripheral inflammation, and symptoms of SZ. We hypothesized older brain-PAD in SZ vs. healthy comparison (HC) participants, as well as positive relationships of brain-PAD with peripheral inflammation markers and symptoms in SZ. We analyzed data from two cross-sectional studies in SZ (n = 26; M/F: 21/5) and HC (n = 28; 20/8) (22–64 years). Brain-PAD was calculated using a previously validated Gaussian process regression model applied to raw T1-weighted MRI data. Plasma levels of inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, Eotaxin, Fractalkine, IP10, IL6, IL10, ICAM1, IFNγ, MCP1, MIP1β, SAA, TNFα, VEGF, VCAM1) and cognitive and negative symptoms were assessed. We observed a higher brain-PAD in SZ vs. HC, and advanced brain age relative to chronological age was related to higher peripheral levels of TNFα in the overall group and in the SZ group; other inflammatory markers were not related to brain-PAD. Within the SZ group, we observed no association between cognitive or negative symptoms and brain-PAD. These results support our hypothesis of advanced brain aging in SZ. Furthermore, our findings on the relationship of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα with higher brain-PAD of SZ are relevant to explain heterogeneity of brain ages in SZ, but we did not find strong evidence for cognitive or negative symptom relationships with brain-PAD.
Diagnostic Systems on Tore Supra

Abstract Realizing high-power long-duration discharges puts specific constraints on diagnostics: Their front parts have to withstand important thermal loads, eventually requiring active cooling of critical parts, and drifts in measurements have to be avoided in order to supply reliable measurement during the whole discharge duration. Furthermore, the importance of diagnostics for missions other than physics understanding, such as machine operation or safety control, increases. The diagnostics system of Tore Supra consists of roughly 30 diagnostics, covering a large range of plasma parameters from the core to the edge. They have been designed for long-duration plasma discharges, which can last up to 1000 s. Their inner components have been dimensioned to endure continuous high-radiation fluxes, and most of them have been conceived to give a fair measurement all along the discharges.