Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Whither Financial and Monetary Integration in East Asia?

The 1997 Asian financial crisis has helped to further regional financial and monetary cooperation. The purpose of this paper is to examine these efforts, their recent developments, and to predict the prospects of such cooperation. In order to deepen financial and monetary integration, the region must overcome several difficulties. The region's appetite for financial market liberalization has been dampened by the crisis and countries are building up foreign exchange reserves instead of reforming domestic financial markets. The diverse structures and development levels of the financial sector among the members is another obstacle. The fact that Japan does not have strong incentives for monetary integration and that the business cycle of member countries is not synchronized are obstacles to monetary integration. Also, the proliferation of FTAs has turned attention away from regional cooperation. Finally regional cooperation needs a leader that can bring impetus to institution building. As the two possible candidates, China and Japan, have been competitors rather than collaborators, the most realistic scenario for regional cooperation is that the ASEAN + 3 countries will muddle through and that the process will be painstakingly slow.
Human Dignity and Human Rights: Thoughts on the Principles of Human-Centered Design

As I walked on the shore of Cape Town to the opening ceremonies of a conference on design in South Africa, I saw through the rain and mist a small sliver of land in the bay. Naively, I asked my host if it was part of the peninsula that extends south of the city or an island. With what, in retrospect, must have been great patience, she quietly explained that it was not “an” island, it was “the” island. I was embarrassed, but I knew immediately what she meant. I spent the rest of the evening thinking about the political prisoners who were held on Robben Island, human rights, and the irony of a conference within sight of Table Bay that seeks to explore the reshaping of South Africa by design. I was helped in these thoughts by the address of the Minister of Education, Dr. Kadir Asmal, who opened the conference by exploring the meaning of design, the need and opportunities for design in South Africa, and, most importantly, the grounding of design in the cultural values and political principles expressed in the new South African Constitution. I have never heard a high government official anywhere in the world speak so insightfully about the new design that is emerging around us as we near the beginning of a new century. Perhaps everyone in the audience was surprised by how quickly and accurately he captured the core of our discipline and turned it back to us for action. Many of his ideas were at the forward edge of our field, and some were further ahead than we are prepared to admit. For example, I believe we all recognized his significant transformation of the old design theme of “form and function” into the new design theme of “form and content. ” This is one of the distinguishing marks of new design thinking: not a rejection of function, but a recognition that unless designers grasp the significant content of the products they create, their work will come to little consequence or may even lead to harm in our complex world. I was particularly surprised, however, by Dr. Asmal’s account of the creation—and here he deliberately and significantly used the word “design”—of the South African Constitution. He explained that after deliberation the drafters decided not to model the document on the familiar example of the United States Constitution, with an appended Bill of Rights, but rather to give central importance from the beginning to the concept of human
Governance by Diffusion: Transnational Municipal Networks and the Spread of Local Climate Strategies in Europe

Abstract Cities have become crucial actors for the global governance of climate change. Their increased activity in this field is reflected by the rising number of adoptions of local climate strategies in an original sample of 274 European cities from 1992 to 2009. Using event history analysis, I find that this spread is promoted by transnational municipal networks (TMNs) successfully deploying strategies for governance by diffusion, their impact exceeding that of most alternative explanatory factors cited in the literature. Given their capacity to foster the spread of climate policy innovations among cities, TMNs can thus be expected to play a decisive role in a climate governance system that is becoming increasingly fragmented, polycentric, and transnational.
The Distribution of the Hebrew Possessive Dative Construction: Guided by Unaccusativity or Prominence?

This article challenges the empirical generalization that the possessed element in the Hebrew possessive dative (PD) construction cannot be an external argument (Borer and Grodzinsky 1986), a generalization that has been leveraged in the use of the PD construction as an unaccusativity diagnostic. An acceptability judgment experiment shows that the PD construction is dispreferred when the possessor is less prominent than the possessee on the animacy or definiteness scale; however, it shows no effect of unaccusativity, raising serious doubts regarding the construction’s validity as an unaccusativity diagnostic.
This Is Our Story: Iconography of Carved Doors and Panels in Òyó Palace

| african arts SUMMER 2018 VOL. 51, NO. 2 Stephen Adéyẹmí Fọlárànmí is a Senior Lecturer and artist in the Department of Fine and Applied Arts Ọbáfémi Awólówò University, Ilé-Ifè̀, Nigeria. He has published scholarly articles on Yorùbá murals and architecture in many journals and chapters in ve books. He has also exhibited his paintings both in Nigeria and overseas. He is the recipient of the rst Ho man Dozent for Intercultural Competence at the University of Vechta Germany, 2008/2009 session, and currently a Postdoctoral Fellow at Rhodes University, SA. folasteve@oauife.edu. ng, folasteve@gmail.com This Is Our Story Iconography of Carved Doors and Panels in Ọ̀yọ́ Palace
The Contributions of Rational Choice: A Defense of Pluralism

In “Rigor or Rigor Mortis? Rational Choice and Security Studies,” Stephen Walt warns of the dangers to the aeld of security studies that are in store “if formal theory were to dominate security studies as it has other areas of political science. ”1 He backs up these warnings by evaluating published formal work in the aeld according to seemingly reasonable criteria, anding that the gain in rigor inherent in formal work is not sufacient to offset its empirical, creative, and policy-relevance weaknesses. Although Walt ends with a plea for diversity (p. 48), the overall structure of his argument puts rational choice on trial, ands it lacking yet threatening to become dominant, and does little to serve the purpose of encouraging pluralism. As a consumer rather than producer of sophisticated formal theory, I and Walt’s critique of formal work off target and his worries about its imminent hegemony unfounded. My own work, as well as that of many other scholars, has beneated enormously from the theorizing of those who have better technical skills and the ability to work through complex mathematical models. The aeld of security studies would be severely impoverished if formal work were discouraged. In this response, I make three arguments. The arst is to highlight a signal strength of formal work that Walt neglects: its ability to generate linked, coherent sets of propositions and insights. Walt’s analysis focuses entirely on individual, isolated hypotheses, anding them lacking in originality, empirical support, or policy relevance. This approach misses the importance of theory in providing insights that are logically connected to one another in an integrated analytical framework, a necessary condition for progress in social science. Second, I address the beneats of formalizing the insights of informal
Growth Controls, Real Options, and Land Development

Many urban growth controls attempt to check sprawl by restricting allowable new housing densities. However, land may be undeveloped to preserve its real-option value. Real options in land markets arise from uncertainty as to the optimum use of a site. By limiting allowable development choices, growth controls can narrow real options and potentially accelerate investment. This paper examines the effect of price volatility, a generator of option value, on the timing of development after the imposition of an Urban Growth Boundary (UGB) around Seattle. While the net effect of the UGB is to lower the likelihood of new housing outside the boundary by between 28 and 39, price volatility is no longer a deterrent to development.
Differential Interpretation of Information in Inflation Forecasts

We test the hypothesis associated with a standard assumption in the theoretical literature on learning: that economic agents interpret information identically. We use a data set based on a survey of Israeli business executives forecasting future inflation. One of the main advantages of using this data is that a major change in the inflation regime in 1985 can be treated as a natural experiment in new beliefs formation. We develop a methodology for testing this hypothesis and find evidence that is inconsistent with the identical-interpretation hypothesis, but is consistent with the proposed alternative.
Investment Talent and the Pareto Wealth Distribution: Theoretical and Experimental Analysis

The empirically documented Pareto wealth distribution at high wealth levels implies rather extreme wealth inequality. Is this inequality primarily due to differential talent, or is it due to luck? The answer to this question has profound political, social, and philosophical implications, as well as implications regarding market efficiency. We address this question theoretically and with a unique investment experiment with equal initial endowments and real out-of-pocket money. We show that the empirically observed Pareto distribution implies that luck, rather than differential investment talent, is the main force driving inequality at high wealth levels.
From Writing to Presenting and Publishing Research Articles: Experiences of Philippine Education Faculty-Researchers*

Purpose: Higher education institutions in the Philippines have been encouraged to do and publish research. Thus, this study aimed to unravel the lived experiences of 12 teacher education faculty-researchers in a public university in Cagayan Valley, Northern Philippines with regards to writing, presenting and publishing research articles. Research Methods: The method employed was the phenomenological inquiry through an in-depth semi-structured interview. Data were transcribed, read repeatedly, and subjected to content analysis. Findings: Findings revealed that personal (additional learning, self-enrichment, and prestige) and professional (knowledge generation and dissemination, career advancement, and building linkages) reasons inspired teacher education faculty researchers in writing, presenting and publishing their studies. However, some of the challenges they encountered included lack of time due to heavy workload and multiple designations, lack of mentoring, and shortage of financial assistance for international presentation and publication. Despite external constraints and difficulties faced, these faculty-researchers were positive about doing research studies as it became an enterprise for them to find deeper meaning in what they were doing and to grow professionally as researchers. Implications for Research and Practice : Knowing and understanding the lived experiences of faculty-researchers in writing, presenting, and publishing research articles would have an impact on the higher education institution’s research policies that can empower faculty-researchers and advance research culture in teacher education not only in the Philippines but in all higher education institutions in the world.
Measuring the NAIRU with Reduced Uncertainty: A Multiple-Indicator Common-Cycle Approach

Standard estimates of the NAIRU or natural rate of unemployment are subject to considerable uncertainty. We show in this paper that using multiple indicators to extract an estimated NAIRU cuts in half uncertainty as measured by variance and gives a 33 reduction in the confidence band. The inclusion of an Okun's Law relation is particularly valuable. The essential notion is the existence of a common cyclical force driving the macroeconomic variables. Model comparisons based on the use of Bayes factors favor the idea of a common cyclical component.
Global Environmental Law and Treaty-Making on Hazardous Substances: The Minamata Convention and Mercury Abatement

Abstract In global environmental cooperation, legally binding agreements remain a customary way for states to set common goals and standards. This article analyzes the Minamata Convention on Mercury by addressing three questions: First, how did linkages to earlier agreements shape the negotiations? Second, what were the main legal and political issues during the negotiations? Third, what are the major issues moving forward with treaty implementation and mercury abatement? The analysis shows that the decision to start treaty negotiations was influenced by related policy developments on hazardous chemicals as well as differences in national interests. Five sets of issues dominated the negotiations: 1) supply and trade, 2) products and processes, 3) emissions and releases, 4) artisanal and small-scale gold mining, and 5) resources and compliance. The article concludes that future mercury abatement hinges on the parties' ability to move beyond the initial mandates, as the convention may affect decisions by a wide range of public, private, and civil society actors.
Surroundings and Environments in Fourth Order Design

Interior design is a neglected practice within the broader framework of design theory. Indeed, it is often misunderstood by the general public and sometimes regarded problematically among better-recognized design practices such as graphic design, industrial design, interaction design, and service design. However, with careful attention to the central themes of interior design, one may gain a new perspective on the nature of design itself and the unfolding development of design thinking from the late nineteenth century to the twenty-first century. Foremost among these themes is the transformation of the surrounding physical conditions of our lives into environments for human action and experience. This theme is explored through the creative matrix of the four orders of design, reflecting a shifting focus from place, space, and action to interiors of the mind. Interior design is an interesting and perhaps surprising example of fourth order design, where dialectical humanism plays a central role as an organizing theme for the great diversity of fourth order projects in the twenty-first century.
Changes in Concentration, Turbulence, and the Dynamics of Market Shares

Most previous studies of the dynamics of industry structure, by emphasizing changes in concentration, conceal much of the nature of underlying competitive processes. Here we employ a stochastic firm growth model, estimated on U.K. data of 19791986 for over 200 leading firms, to derive joint predictions about the stability of market shares and the change of concentration. We find that changes in the market shares of surviving firms are the dominant influence on concentration, which is typically fairly stable in spite of considerable market-share turbulence. Advertising plays a major role in the dynamics of market shares and, therefore, affects both concentration and turbulence.
Instant Ancestors: Looking into a Cache of South African Photographic Erratics

Boxes of old unlabeled photographs are commonly featured at ea markets worldwide. Some enterprising vendors dub them “instant ancestors,” hawking the prospect of acquiring ctive kin and ersatz genealogies to new publics. ese traders peddle style over substance and invite their customers to conjure up backstories for signi ers that have lost their indexicality. In essence they stoke peoples’ penchant for nostalgia. As objects that are commonly imbued with strong sentiments (Barthes 1981), photos enable individuals to fabricate memories and to project their contemporary needs and concerns onto depreciated material. is inquiry is based upon an unexpected archive: unclaimed material from a frame and photo developing shop in Johannesburg, South Africa. It expands upon numerous investigations into the visual economies and biographies of photographs. For example, Cohen (2014) and Feyder (2015) worked with caches of negatives that were found by chance or stored away for decades. In the rst instance, the researcher’s primary interests lay with the ethical implications of image making and display. In the second, the goal was to reconnect members of the “source community” of a particular photographer’s work. e research strategies of both trumped performing a close analysis of the photos themselves. Moreover, Haney (2013) investigated family-run studios in West Africa; the elite customers of these places have passed down portraits for generations, and the identities of both creator and subject thus remain discernible. Nimis (2013) similarly looked at networks of Yoruba studio photographers. Once again, knowing the source is critical to understanding aspects of the production side of image making, such as the contribution of distinctive professional styles and norms. While all these studies make important contributions to understanding African photography, the application of their insights is limited in the case of anonymous or semi-anonymous images, their creators, and their owners. Other scholars have directed a great deal of attention to studio photographers such as Seydou Keita and Malick Sidibe in Mali, and more recently to relative unknowns such as South Africa’s S.J. “Kitty” Moodley (Dubin 2014), Ronald Ngilima (Feyder 2015) and Daniel Morolong (McNulty 2014). Of special note are the opportunities that studios o ered for ights of fantasy and aspirational self-fashioning, o en under oppressive social conditions (see, e.g., Behrend 1998; Wendl 2001). It is impossible to calculate the volume of unidenti ed photographs that survive in marketplaces, archives, household cupboards and drawers, in trash dumps—virtually anywhere, for that matter. Nevertheless, it is reasonable to assert that they encompass a vast but under-researched eld that exists beyond the focal boundaries that prior researchers of African photography have mapped. is investigation suggests some ways of going forward to understand such phenomena.
Realism, Neoliberalism, and Cooperation: Understanding the Debate

The study of conoict and cooperation has been an enduring task of scholars, with the most recent arguments being between realists and neoliberal institutionalists.1 Most students of the subject believe that realists argue that international politics is characterized by great conoict and that institutions play only a small role. They also believe that neoliberals claim that cooperation is more extensive, in large part because institutions are potent. I do not think that this formulation of the debate is correct. In the arst section of this article, I argue that the realist-neoliberal disagreement over conoict is not about its extent but about whether it is unnecessary, given states’ goals. In this context we cannot treat realism as monolithic, but must distinguish between the offensive and defensive variants.2 In the second section, I explain
Art and Science as Creative Catalysts

Science, Art and Science Art collaborations are generally presented and understood in terms of their products. The authors argue that the process of Science Art can be a significant—perhaps the principal—benefit of these collaborations even though the process may be largely invisible to anyone other than the collaborators. Hosting the Centenary of Canberra Science Art Commission at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) has shown the authors that while Science and Art pursue orthogonal dimensions of creativity and innovation, collaborators can combine these directions to access new areas of imagination and ideas.
Shifts in Relative U.S. Wages: The Role of Trade, Technology, and Factor Endowments

A basic relationship of the standard general equilibrium trade model relating product-price changes to factor-price changes is usedtogether with other economic relationships based on this modelto investigate empirically the importance of changes in trade, technology, and factor endowments in accounting for the shifts in relative wages of less-educated workers compared to more-educated workers from 1967 to 1996. In the early part of the period when wage inequality decreased, the dominant explanatory factor seems to have been a relative increase in the supply of highly educated labor. However, since the late 1970s, none of the three economic forces considered can alone account for the observed changes in relative wages, prices, outputs, net exports, and factor-use ratios. In particular, both education-biased technical progress that was greater in industries that intensively used more-educated labor and increased import competition in industries that intensively used less-educated labor seem to have played important roles in bringing about the increase in wage inequality during the 1980s and 1990s.
Stochastic Frontier Estimation of Cost Models Within the Hospital

Assessing the impact of new technologies on health care costs is an important research area. This paper evaluates two technologies used to treat coronary artery disease. We estimate two separate stochastic frontier modelsone for balloon angioplasty patients and one for cardiac bypass surgery patientusing data taken from detailed chart and cost files of a large urban hospital. Cost estimates for the two technologies are purged of inefficiency so that forecasts of the cost consequences of technology shift can be based on best-practice production techniques. Learning behavior, physician effects, and patient clinical characteristics are also taken into account. We find that there are potential cost savings associated with making angioplasty a more perfect substitute for bypass surgery, as well as current inefficiency in production.
Entrepreneurial Impulse, Investment Behavior, and Economic Fluctuations–A VAR Analysis with Indian Data

This study analyzes the observed behavior of growth cycles and the dynamics of economic fluctuations in terms of entrepreneurial impulse with Indian macroeconomic time series data for more than 60 years. The fluctuations of investment are explained in terms of persistence, volatility, and comovements of the cyclical components. The study observes that the growth cycles of private investment were much more volatile than the growth cycles of public investment and gross domestic product. Investments in India were procyclical, but their growth cycles became acyclical. This study observes that the fluctuations of growth cycle frequencies of private investment appeared even when there were no shocks to gross domestic product. Such investment behavior may be because of the self-fulfilling beliefs of investors. Private investment in India has not been badly affected by the severe balance of payments crises. Rather, a cyclical downturn was seen as an opportunity to invest by the large business houses.