Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond Inflation: A Cyclic Universe Scenario

Inflation has been the leading early universe scenario for two decades, and has become an accepted element of the successful `cosmic concordance' model. However, there are many puzzling features of the resulting theory. It requires both high energy and low energy inflation, with energy densities differing by a hundred orders of magnitude. The questions of why the universe started out undergoing high energy inflation, and why it will end up in low energy inflation, are unanswered. Rather than resort to anthropic arguments, we have developed an alternative cosmology, the cyclic universe, in which the universe exists in a very long-lived attractor state determined by the laws of physics. The model shares inflation's phenomenological successes without requiring an epoch of high energy inflation. Instead, the universe is made homogeneous and flat, and scale-invariant adiabatic perturbations are generated during an epoch of low energy acceleration like that seen today, but preceding the last big bang. Unlike inflation, the model requires low energy acceleration in order for a periodic attractor state to exist. The key challenge facing the scenario is that of passing through the cosmic singularity at t = 0. Substantial progress has been made at the level of linearised gravity, which is reviewed here. The challenge of extending this to nonlinear gravity and string theory remains.
Economic and Financial Integration of CEECs: The Impact of Financial Instability

The recent financial crisis had a powerful impact upon the European countries' economies, in particular on those from Central and Eastern Europe, with some small exceptions. Thus, applying a panel data approach for a large sample of CEECs, we demonstrate that financial instability negatively influences these countries economic and financial integration. If instability is measured by means of a financial instability index, we have used two classical indicators for the economic integration, namely trade openness and trade intensity index. Indicators such as the interest rates co-movement and the asset share of foreign-owned banks were chosen to calculate financial integration. We highlight the fact that the crisis events hinder the process of CEECs' integration into the EU, deepening the economic gaps between more and less developed EU members.
The 2-Look TOPS Mode: Design and Demonstration With TerraSAR-X

Burst-mode acquisition schemes achieve wide coverage at the expense of a degraded azimuth resolution, reducing, therefore, the performance on the retrieval of ground displacements in the azimuth direction, when interferometric acquisitions are combined. Moreover, the azimuth varying line of sight can induce discontinuities in the interferometric phase when local azimuth displacements are present, e.g., due to ground deformation. In this contribution, we propose the interferometric 2-look terrain observation by progressive scans (TOPS) mode, a sustaining innovation, which records bursts of radar echoes of two separated slices of the Doppler spectrum. The spectral separation allows to exploit spectral diversity techniques, achieving sensitivities to azimuth displacements better than with StripMap and eliminating discontinuities in the interferometric phase. Moreover, some limitations of the TOPS mode to compensate ionospheric perturbations, in terms of data gaps or restricted sensitivity to azimuth shifts, are overcome. The design of 2-look TOPS acquisitions will be provided, taking the TerraSAR-X system as reference to derive achievable performances. The methodology for the retrieval of the azimuth displacement is exposed for the case of using pairs of images, as well as for the calculation of mean azimuth velocities when working with stacks. We include results with experimental TerraSAR-X acquisitions demonstrating its applicability for both scenarios.
ELITATION OUTLOOK MARK AND OUTLOOK KNOWLEDGE FROM COMPUTER REVIEWS SUPPORTED THE WORD ALIGNMENT MODEL

Some view target is clearly a product concerning which customers will convey their opinions, generally as nouns otherwise phrases of nouns. Opinion targets furthermore to extraction of opinion word aren't novel tasks within opinion mining. Within our work we advise a technique that attracts on partly-supervised type of alignment that can help in identification of opinion relations as the operation of alignment. Our work concentrates on recognition of opinion relations among opinion targets furthermore to opinion words. Candidates by way of advanced confidence can be found as opinion targets. Compared to traditional types of not viewed alignment, forecasted model will acquire enhanced precision because of practice of partial supervision. Our representation will captures opinion relations more precisely, for longer-span relations compared to earlier techniques which are on foundation nearest-neighbour rules.
A MECHANISM FOR THE EARLY DETECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF PHYSICAL ASSET MANAGEMENT STRATEGY EXECUTION FAILURE

The purpose of this paper is to present a mechanism that can assist physical asset management (PAM) practitioners and academics with the early detection and management of PAM strategy execution failure. In the pursuit of this objective, case studies were applied to develop the theory related to this topic the methodologies involved in the development of theory through case studies was were applied. The paper commences with a brief literature review of the contemporary literature on general business strategy, strategy execution, and, more specifically, PAM strategy execution failure (PAMSEF). The physical asset management strategy execution enforcement mechanism (PAMSEEM) is presented next. Validation of each one of the components of the PAMSEEM takes place within the context of an organisation that is highly dependent on physical assets (PA) dependent organization. The conclusion reached is that the PAMSEEM, can indeed assist organisations with the early detection and management of PAMSEF.
Flexible Modeling with Generalized Additive Models and Generalized Linear Mixed Models: Comprehensive Simulation and Case Studies.

6 Literature Review 7 Introduction of Linear Modeling, GAM, and GLMMs 8 Effective Degrees of Freedom and Nonlinearity 13 Alternative Method to Modeling Nonlinearity 15 Model Selection, KL Distance, and Information Criteria 17 Review of Smoking Modeling 23 Review of Critical Velocity Modeling 24 Objectives 27 Linking Statement 27 Manuscript 1: Optimal Assessment of Non-Linearity 28 Abstract 29 29 Background 30 Objective 31 Methods 31 Cold Data Analysis 33 Discussion 35 Conclusion 37 Results (Simulation) 39 Results (COPD data) 46 Linking Statement 54 Manuscript 2: Modeling nonlinear trends on critical velocity 55 Abstract 56 56 Background 56 Objectives 59 Methods 59 Results 61 Discussion 67
A Taxonomic Revision of the Eastern North American and Eastern Asian Disjunct Genus Brachyelytrum (Poaceae): Evidence from Morphology, Phytogeography and AFLPs

Abstract Morphological and phytogeographical data support the recognition of three distinct species in the genus Brachyelytrum: B. japonicum, B. erectum, and B. aristosum. Brachyelytrum japonicum is confined to eastern Asia and is characterized by narrow leaf blades (0.5–0.8 cm wide), long lower glumes (0.2–2.0 mm long), and long rachillas (6.8–8.8 mm long). Brachyelytrum erectum is distributed throughout much of the eastern United States, from northwestern Minnesota south to central Louisiana, east to northern Florida and north to northeastern New York. Brachyelytrum erectum is characterized by long hispid hairs (0.2–0.9 mm long) on the veins of the lemma, wide lemmas (0.8–1.8 mm wide), and a conspicuous lemma mid-vein. Brachyelytrum aristosum has a more northern distribution, occurring in southern Canada from southern Ontario to Newfoundland, the northern adjacent United States and through the Appalachian mountains to northwestern North Carolina. Brachyelytrum aristosum is characterized by short scaberulous hairs (0.06–0.2 mm long) on the lemma and narrow lemmas (0.7–1.4 mm wide) that are weakly veined. The distinctiveness of B. erectum and B. aristosum is further supported by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) data. We include a key to the taxa, synonymies, descriptions, and representative specimens. This study represents a recent monographic study of an eastern North American and eastern Asian disjunct genus.
Integration of Shared Workspace and Interpersonal Space for Remote Collaboration

Computer-based groupware and video telephony are the major technological components of remote collaboration support. However, integration of these two components has been a big design challenge. This chapter introduces the research effort to integrate the shared workspace created by groupware technology and the interpersonal space supported by video communication technology. TeamWorkStation and ClearBoard will be introduced as example systems which were designed to support focused real-time collaboration by distributed group members.
Bond Graph for modelling and diagnostics of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell is a complex multi-physical system exhibiting complex and coupled phenomenon from several domains of energies (e.g. electro-chemical, electrical, thermal, and hydraulic). However, this promising energy converter is vulnerable to faults (such as drying of the membrane, default of the cooling system and flooding) that can cause permanent damage. Moreover, the performance of the fuel cell is continuously affected by its aging. Therefore, it is essential to implement techniques to detect and isolates those faults. This paper proposes the use of Bond Graph as an integrated tool for the modelling and the generation of fault indicator for this multi-physical system. A diagnostic procedure is also detailed based on the complex structural and dynamical properties in order to isolate a set of single fault.
Presenting A Method For Load Balancing In Cloud Computing Using Bat Algorithm

Cloud computing is one of the modern technologies in information technology world. Cloud computing provides user information needs in a subscriber setting, in the form of service. Using load balancing is essential for cloud computing service providers. We have implemented balance to provide better service, to create balance between services, and to increase the responding speed of system. Load in load balancing can be represented as cpu load, memory capacity, delay or network load . it has been presented different algorithm about load balancing. The goal of using bat algorithm in this research is to produce balance. Bat algorithm is a type of Metaheuristic algorithm and functions based on probability. The proposed algorithm decreases the speed of responding virtual machines in cloud computing, more than genetic algorithm and pso algorithm; and it works better than all existing resources. Likewise, bat algorithm is more efficient than pso algorithm with its higher isotropic speed.
Design of Regenerative Braking System and Speed Control of BLDC Motor for Electric Vehicle

The workshop is intended to build up a Regenerative stopping mechanism and speed control for BLDC Motor. Brushless direct current engines. BLDC are getting to be well known in numerous applications including electrical vehicles in view of their capacity to take care of the demand of high power thickness, high productivity, wide speed range, and vigor, minimal effort and less upkeep. The speed control and braking strategies are proposed dependent on heartbeat width regulation strategy. Regenerative framework [RS] can enhance vitality use proficiency and acquisitions of signs like speed of turn are generally utilized in electric vehicles. Regenerative process and estimation of rotational speed in electric vehicles are uncommonly utilized. In all cases for acknowledgment of exact and ongoing control of engine drives. Securing of rotational speed esteems will help for a sound power over connected breaking power. This concurrent strategy for estimating rotational speed data in regenerative electric vehicle. This displayed work likewise made a noteworthy donation in recognizing the perfect and genuine places of the Hall Effect sensor. Arduino microcontroller is utilized for programming the circuits of Hall Effect sensor flag molding which helps in the pivot of regenerative vehicle framework. Likewise this course gives least complex framework to regenerative braking utilizing BLDC engine to enhance the mileage of lightweight electric vehicles (EVs). This work can be upgraded by building up the proficient charging plan for battery, with the goal that it will tend to expand the battery life.
COLORING OF BLACK AND WHITE IMAGES-A SURVEY

This paper proposes a new color image coding scheme called “colorization image coding. ” The scheme is based on the colorization technique which can colorize a monochrome image by giving a small number of color pixels. We develop algorithms useful for color image coding. First, the luminance component is separated from an input color image. Then, a small number of color seeds are selected as chrominance information. The luminance image component is coded by a lossy coding technique and the chrominance image component is stored as color seeds. The decoding is performed by the colorization algorithm. It is shown that this colorization technique is effective to image coding, especially for high compression rate, through the experiments using different types of images.we develop a new strategy that attempts to account for the higher-level context of each pixel. The colorizations generated by our approach exhibit a much higher degree of spatial consistency, compared to previous automatic color transfer methods. We also demonstrate that our method requires considerably less manual effort than previous user-assisted colorizationmethods Given a grayscale image to colorize, we first determine for each pixel which example segment it should learn itscolor from. This is done automatically using a robust supervised classification scheme that analyzes the low-level feature space defined by small neighborhoods of pixels in the example image. Next, each pixel is assigned a colorfrom the appropriate region using a neighborhood matching metric, combined with spatial filtering for improved spatial coherence. Each color assignment is associated with a confidence value, and pixels with a sufficiently high confidence level are provided as “micro-scribbles” to the optimization-based colorization algorithm of Levin et al., which produces the final complete colorization of the image.
The Nature of Services and the Implications for Competition Policy

Though 'services' is a very broad concept and any generalisations should be made with caution it is widely acknowledged that services differ from goods in many respects. Analyses of key elements of market structure conduct and performance and the interface between these elements show us that competition in services markets is equally distinctive. We find that traditional competition policy instruments generally do not reflect competition and performance in most services markets. Alternative policy measures should recognise the importance and disciplining power of non-price competition and the fact that quality and reputation are the main variables in services competition.
Abraham Asfaw Quantum Error Correction and Superconducting Qubits

In these notes, we discuss the application of quantum error correction in superconducting quantum bits (qubits). After presenting the theory of quantum error correction, we discuss the Josephson junction and its properties with emphasis on the sources of noise for the junction. We present the contending implementations of Josephson junction qubits using different controllable variables aimed at reducing these sources of noise. Following the material presented in articles [3, 5, 9, 15, 30, 32], we discuss the state of the art in superconducting qubit implementations with emphasis on the methods used in the battle against decoherence sources. After developing the necessary background in quantum error correction and superconducting qubits, we discuss experimental findings by Reed et al. [22] at Schoelkopf lab, Yale University. ∗Department of Electrical Engineering | Princeton University
Business process management in health care: current challenges and future prospects

The emphasis of performance management in health care is shifting from output or outcome-based to a system-based approach. In particular, clinicians and managers are re-focusing their attention on processes so as to achieve better health system performance, as a reaction to the financial crisis. Health care management is increasingly applying systems thinking and business process management (BPM) as philosophies, which have proved to make a difference in organizational performance and competitiveness to the industry at large. This commentary provides answers to five questions that emerged through a reflective exercise and use of second - ary data sources and informal interviews. These questions are intended to contribute toward better understanding of the meaning and application of BPM by scholars and practitioners in health care management. The questions are as follows: What is BPM and is it relevant to health care? Has BPM been extensively applied to health care? Why focus on quality in health care delivery? What are the current challenges of health care and can BPM help? What role BPM
Mass Extinction Efficiency for tropospheric aerosols from Portable Automated Lidar and β-ray SPM counter

Mass Extinction Efficiency (MEE) is defined as the ratio of extinction coefficient to atmospheric aerosol mass concentration. It relates the amount of mass to the optical extinction of aerosols. Knowledge of MEE is important in the estimation of aerosol contribution to the radiation budget in the Earth environment. In this study, MEE is observed using a Portable Automated Lidar (PAL), a system developed by Center for Environmental Remote Sensing (CEReS), Chiba University, together with a ground-based β-ray SPM counter. The influence of humidity is considered on the mass concentration of the SPM measured by the β-ray counter. Also, Mie scattering simulation using area aerosol size distribution models has been undertaken to explain the observed MEE values.
High speed rail and tourism: Empirical evidence from Spain's provinces and cities

This paper evaluates how changes in the provision of high-speed rail (HSR) services affect tourism outcomes in Spain, a tourist country with the newest and longest HSR network in Europe. To do so it employs an empirical strategy based on the differences-in-differences panel data method with double fixed effects. The principal data are provided by Spain’s National Statistics Institute (INE) and cover 50 provinces over a 15-year time span (1998-2013). In addition, the paper considers a sample of tourist cities (as identified by the INE) and monitors their tourism outcomes using monthly data between 2005 and 2013 comparing ‘before’ and ‘after’ situations. The results indicate that HSR accessibility does not promote tourist activity; however, a statistically significant negative impact on tourism outcomes is recorded at the provincial level. An analysis of timing effects shows that HSR is only associated with higher numbers of tourists (in instances when recorded) during the first year, but that this effect is reversed in the second and third years of operation. This pattern might be attributed to a rigid network design that does not respond to ridership needs and which has a substitution effect on air transportation, the main mode for long-distance tourist mobility. Finally, the impact analysis of HSR on tourist cities served by this mode of transportation does not reveal any noticeable changes following the opening of HSR services.
An overview of infrared analysis of thermomechanical behavior of materials

The characterization of material behavior under various loading conditions involves two closely related aspects, namely mechanical and thermal, that can be grouped into one general thermomechanical framework. The goal of this paper is to briefly review specific applications of infrared techniques, over a range of loading conditions such as quasistatic, polycyclic for various types of materials. Some experimental and theoretical issues are discussed to emphasize the additional knowledge that can be gained through the application of these techniques to the mechanical characterization of materials.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Flexibility and security for older workers : HRM-arrangements in four European countries

National policies in Belgium, Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands show policy shifts towards active ageing and to improving flexibility and security in the labour market. The main question relates to practice and introduction of these macro policies at workplace level. This chapter presents the findings of a survey in workplaces in four countries in four sectors of industry (n=3 085). A flexicurity approach for senior workers is most visible in the Dutch and Danish workplaces because of a broader range of facilities such as phased retirement, flexible working hours, education and training, and internal and external jobjob transitions. A flexicurity approach is used far less in Belgian and German workplaces. The cross-national differences are visible in all four sectors. Examining usage rates, the survey shows different strategies addressing the issue of older workers. The Belgians aim for flexibility in working hours. The Dutch are still focused on a ‘relief’ strategy (adapting workload, tasks and working hours), while the Danish favour an employability policy. German workplaces show passivity in all items. Further, the investigations reveal cross-sectoral differences. Cross-national differences in motivating those behind flexible arrangements for senior workers at the workplace can play a role in explaining the observed variance.
Perception of Climate Change: Reasons, Consequences, and Willingness to Act. How Aware are They?

This paper reports a study conducted to investigate social studies and science teachers’ awareness on climate change and how professional development workshop “Awareness and Adaptation to Climate Change” affects teachers’ awareness level. For this purpose, a total of 101 teachers from 8 different cities and 4 geographical locations participated in the workshops and took part in the study. For data collection purposes, the Awareness to Climate Change Questionnaire (ACCQ) was used. Analysis revealed no statistical difference among participating teachers’ awareness level based on pre-test scores. The results show that although the environmental education community has spent significant time and energy in developing and disseminating alternative instructional strategies for use in all classroom levels, the conception of the climate change as a unity of interrelated elements, as a system, remains negligible.
Incorporating industrial constraints for multiobjective optimization of composite laminates using a GA

In this article, complexities related to the multicriteria (multiobjective) optimization of lam- inated composite structures subjected to technological constraints will be presented. So, various tech- nological constraints will be presented and a strategy of handling each constraint (in order to use the multi-objective optimization tools based on genetic algorithms) will be also introduced.