Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LOOK AT THAT SOUND! VISUAL ASPECTS OF AUDITORY PERCEPTION

While it usually seems to be self-evident that perception of sound is a simple process, carried out within one sensory space, the existence of color hearing points at the fact that hearing includes visual aspects. In fact, not only during individual synesthetic processes, but even under common perceptual conditions sound refers to multi- sensory attributes. Thus, a multi-sensory design must be based on qualitative references between the senses. As an integral part, knowledge of the visual aspects of auditory perception is essential for creation of sounds which fit into a cross-modal environment. Various mechanisms of processing of stimuli ensure coupling of auditory qualia to multi-sensory perceptual objects. In the reality of daily life, even simple events which are heard include several references to those objects. Speech usually contains semantic and associative attributes as well as various analogies, like cross-sensory features (e.g. brightness, sharpness, volume), spatial distribution and temporal behavior (e.g. motion). Knowledge on spatial alignment of auditory, visual and tactile senses was inspired by research on spatial hearing capabilities and applied to design the multi-sensory environment surrounding human being. In this manner, a soundscape is the auditory analogy to a landscape, stimulating and reflected by the subjective emotionscape. As another aspect, correlations of dynamic noise, music and prosody of speech to visual motion are essential for perception of temporal changes of auditory events. Studies on the multi-sensory content of sound provide an in-sight into the complexity of auditory perception and illuminates the variety of tools available for multi-sensory approaches on sound design. Furthermore, genuine synesthetic experience offers a wide-ranging potential for advanced approaches.
MRI FOR EVALUATION OF EARLY OSTEOARTHRITIS IN THE RABBIT KNEE

INTRODUCTION Potential treatments of osteoarthritis may be best studied in an animal model where disease progression can be non-invasively monitored. Several models have been demonstrated to result in osteoarthritis as diagnosed by histological analysis of disease severity (3, 4). Studying progression with histology requires a cross-sectional study design with numerous animals. The use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to monitor osteoarthritis in animal models has been limited to large animals, late stage osteoarthritis, or nonclinical research scanners (1, 3). The ability to monitor early osteoarthritic changes will be crucial in the assessment of effective drug treatments. The goal of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging to identify early arthritic changes such as surface fibrillation, loss of proteoglycan and disorganization in a rabbit model.
Designing a Business Model for Online Education Resources and e-Learning Implementation in a Developing Country: Case of Tanzania

This paper presents a business model for the ICT in education projects implementation. Using a design-research approach, we analyzed cases of the Online Resources and eLearning Implementation (OREI) framework that we developed. After the theoretical background, we discussed the proposed framework and a set of steps to guide the implementation. We formulated the framework practices and the levels of implementation precedencies using Matlab tools, and used Unified Modeling Language (UML) artifacts to present a business model for planning, implementation, and evaluation for the framework. A total of seven key components of 1) Government support, 2) infrastructures deployment, 3) technology enhancement, 4) training and recruitment of users and experts, 5) policies and guidelines, 6) stakeholders’ participation, and 7) the monitoring and evaluation for acceptability, performance, and usability were discussed. Finally, we present a conceptual block diagram of the OREI framework business model to illustrate its validity on the enhancement of the ICT projects in education.
EZ-Tax: Tax Salience and Tax Rates

This paper examines whether the salience of a tax system affects equilib- rium tax rates. I analyze how tolls change after toll facilities adopt electronic toll collection (ETC); drivers are substantially less aware of tolls paid electronically. I estimate that, in steady state, tolls are 20 to 40 percent higher than they would have been without ETC. Consistent with a salience-based explanation for this toll increase, I ﬁnd that under ETC, driving becomes less elastic with respect to the toll and toll setting becomes less sensitive to the electoral calendar. Alternative explanations appear unlikely to be able to explain the ﬁndings. two anonymous referees, and seminar participants at Cornell, MIT, Berkeley, Stanford GSB, Yale, the NBER Public Economics Meeting, Harvard, and Stanford for helpful com- ments; to James Wang and especially Julia Galef for outstanding research assis-tance; to Tatyana Deryugina, Julia Galef, Stephanie Hurder, and Erin Strumpf for help in conducting the survey of toll awareness; and to the innumerable employees of toll operating authorities around the country who generously took the time to provide data and to answer my many questions.
. Distinct Salmonella Enteritidis lineages associated with enterocolitis in high-income settings and invasive disease in low-income settings. Nature Genetics, 48(10), 1211-1217.

Background There is an epidemiological paradox surrounding Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. It is responsible for a global epidemic of poultry associated, self‐limiting gastroenteritis in the developed world where it is normally considered to be a host generalist. In sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), however, it is a major cause of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease in humans where it is associated with high mortality if untreated. Methods Strains of S . Enteritidis originating from 45 countries were selected on the basis of temporal and host diversity, and antimicrobial susceptibility profile. Isolates were whole genome sequenced and the phylogeny was reconstructed using maximum‐ likelihood modelling by RAxML. The ages of major lineages were estimated using BEAST. The diversity was further evaluated by defining the evolutionary flux described in the pangenome as well as high‐throughput phenotyping and an in vivo infection model.
Comparing RGB-D Sensors for Close Range Outdoor Agricultural Phenotyping

Phenotyping is the task of measuring plant attributes for analyzing the current state of the plant. In agriculture, phenotyping can be used to make decisions concerning the management of crops, such as the watering policy, or whether to spray for a certain pest. Currently, large scale phenotyping in fields is typically done using manual labor, which is a costly, low throughput process. Researchers often advocate the use of automated systems for phenotyping, relying on the use of sensors for making measurements. The recent rise of low cost, yet reasonably accurate, RGB-D sensors has opened the way for using these sensors in field phenotyping applications. In this paper, we investigate the applicability of four different RGB-D sensors for this task. We conduct an outdoor experiment, measuring plant attribute in various distances and light conditions. Our results show that modern RGB-D sensors, in particular, the Intel D435 sensor, provides a viable tool for close range phenotyping tasks in fields.
Preparation and characterization of mucoadhesive microcapsules of salbutamol sulfate

Salbutamol sulfate microcapsules with a coat consisting of sodium alginate and mucoadhesive polymer such as sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (NaCMC), methyl cellulose (MC), carbopol-934, and hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) were prepared by ionotropic gelation technique and were evaluated for morphological characters, drug content, loading efficiency, drug–polymer interactions, swelling ratio, mucoadhesive properties, and in vitro release. The resulting microcapsules were discrete, spherical, and free-flowing, and microencapsulation efficiency was 51.28–96.70%. The microcapsules prepared with alginate alone (A4) have exhibited good mucoadhesive property in the in vitro washoff test.The swelling ratio of microcapsules was enhanced with increased alginate concentration. Salbutamol sulfate release from these mucoadhesive microcapsules was slow and extended over a period of 8 h and depends upon the concentration of the alginate. The drug release from alginate- HPMC/carbopol microcapsules followed diffusion-controlled first-order kinetics. The release rate of alginate-HPMC microcapsules (A4H) was higher than other formulations and comparable with commercially available controlled-release capsules. Microcapsules with alginate alone (A4) followed diffusion mechanism. In conclusion, alginate-HPMC/carbopol mucoadhesive microcapsules could be promising vehicle for oral controlled release of salbutamol sulfate.
Effects of dietary enzymes or specialty proteins on nursery pig performance

Eight experiments used 1,712 pigs to determine influences of dietary enzymes or specialty proteins on nursery pig performance. Experiments 1 and 2 evaluated the effects of fish meal, fermented soybean meal, or dried porcine solubles on performance. Experiment 1 showed pigs fed dried porcine solubles had improved (P = 0.01) ADG and G:F compared to pigs fed the control diet, and improved (P = 0.03) G:F compared to pigs fed the combination of fermented soybean meal and fish meal. Experiment 2 showed pigs fed increasing fermented soybean meal had improved (quadratic, P = 0.03) G:F. Experiments 3 and 4 evaluated the effects of commercial enzyme addition to diets containing dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on performance. In experiment 3, neither DDGS nor enzyme addition influenced (P > 0.10) ADG and G:F. Experiment 4 found there were no (P > 0.32) enzyme × DDGS source interactions. Corn DDGS did not influence pig performance (P > 0.36). Sorghum DDGS reduced (P = 0.003) G:F, with no difference between sorghum DDGS sources. Adding enzymes to 30% DDGS diets did not improve (P > 0.57) performance. Experiments 5 and 6 evaluated the effects of fish meal (SMFM), spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP), or peptone on performance. In Experiment 5, different specialty proteins had similar (P > 0.10) ADG, ADFI, or G:F. Experiment 6 showed pigs fed 4% Peptone 2 during phase 1 and 2% Peptone 2 during phase 2 had improved (P < 0.05) ADG compared to pigs fed SMFM, and improved (P < 0.05) G:F compared to pigs fed all other diets. Experiments 7 and 8 developed an available P release curve for commercial phytase products. In both experiments, pigs fed increasing inorganic P had improved (linear, P < 0.01) G:F and percentage bone ash. Pigs fed increasing OptiPhos 2000-M, Phyzyme XP, or Ronozyme P had improved (P < 0.001) percentage bone ash. Available P release for up to 1,000 FTU/kg of Escherichia coli-derived phytases can be predicted by the equation (y = -0.000000125x 2 + 0.000236245x + 0.015482), where x is the phytase level in the diet.
Nitrogen dynamics in land cleared of alien vegetation (Acacia Saligna) and impacts on groundwater at Riverlands nature reserve (Western Cape, South Africa)

Woody invading alien plants, many of which are nitrogen-fixing legumes (Fabaceae family), are currently cleared in South African catchments to reduce water loss and preserve streamflow, and for the restoration of the ecosystem. This study tested the hypothesis that clearing invasive alien vegetation may disturb the vegetation-micro-organism-soil N cycling system by producing a large once-off input of fresh tree litterfall rich in N and by eliminating a large N sink. Three experimental plots were established at the Riverlands Nature Reserve (Western Cape, South Africa): a site invaded by Acacia saligna to be used as control; a site cleared of Acacia saligna; and a site with natural vegetation to be used as background. Nitrogen concentrations in soil and groundwater, volumetric soil water contents, root density and weather conditions were measured during 2007. Oxidised forms of nitrogen, in particular NO3-, were dominant in the system. Recharge and leachate were simulated with the HYDRUS-2D model and used as inputs into Visual MODFLOW to predict the spatial distribution of nitrate plus nitrite (NOx) in groundwater. NOx levels in soil and groundwater were higher in alien-invaded areas compared to fynbos-covered land. A quick release of NOx into groundwater was observed due to high residual N reserves in the rooting zone, decreased evapotranspiration and increased recharge in the treatment cleared of alien vegetation. In the long run, high NOx concentrations in groundwater underlying cleared land will last only until all the excess nitrogen has been leached from the soil. A decrease in NOx concentration in groundwater can be expected thereafter. Clearing land of alien invasive legumes may therefore have a beneficial effect by reducing groundwater contamination from NOx and reducing water losses in catchments.
Design of Good Bibimbap Restaurant Recommendation System Using TCA based on BigData

This paper designs the model of bibimbap restaurant recommending system in BigData(collected from Twitter's data related to bibimbap). We suggests a TCA(Termite Colony Algorithm) k-means algorithm for clustering BigData, TCA algorithm that used the habits of termites. Through the TCA, finding the appropriate initial clustering needed for the K-means clusters is the goal. We recommend good Bibimpop restaurant to user, using "Bibimbap Restaurant database of Korea(2012)" and an "Taste Adjective Dictionary for the Globalization of Korean Food" for Ranking Algorithm.
Electron-beam driven relaxation oscillations in ferroelectric nanodisks

Using a combination of computational simulations, atomic-scale resolution imaging and phenomenological modelling, we examine the underlying mechanism for nanodomain restructuring in lead zirconate titanate nanodisks driven by electron beams. The observed subhertz nanodomain dynamics are identified with relaxation oscillations where the charging/discharging cycle time is determined by saturation of charge traps and nanodomain wall creep. These results are unusual in that they indicate very slow athermal dynamics in nanoscale systems, and possible applications of gated versions are discussed.
CRBLASTER: a fast parallel-processing program for cosmic ray rejection

Many astronomical image-analysis programs are based on algorithms that can be described as being embarrassingly parallel, where the analysis of one subimage generally does not affect the analysis of another subimage. Yet few parallel-processing astrophysical image-analysis programs exist that can easily take full advantage of todays fast multi-core servers costing a few thousands of dollars. A major reason for the shortage of state-of-the-art parallel-processing astrophysical image-analysis codes is that the writing of parallel codes has been perceived to be difficult. I describe a new fast parallel-processing image-analysis program called crblaster which does cosmic ray rejection using van Dokkum's L.A. Cosmic algorithm. crblaster is written in C using the industry standard Message Passing Interface (MPI) library. Processing a single 800×800 HST WFPC2 image takes 1.87 seconds using 4 processes on an Apple Xserve with two dual-core 3.0-GHz Intel Xeons; the efficiency of the program running with the 4 processors is 82%. The code can be used as a software framework for easy development of parallel-processing image-anlaysis programs using embarrassing parallel algorithms; the biggest required modification is the replacement of the core image processing function with an alternative image-analysis function based on a single-processor algorithm. I describe the design, implementation and performance of the program.
Patterns of industrial specialisation in post-Unification Italy

This paper investigates the main patterns of industrial specialisation in Italian provinces over half a century following the Unification of the country. To this end, we propose a multivariate graphical technique named dynamic specialisation biplot. In 1871, specialisation vocations towards the different manufacturing sectors were limited in size and no clear geographical clustering emerged. A regional specialisation divide resulted instead clearly in 1911. In 1871 as in 1911, the foodstuffs, textile and engineering sectors represented the three pillars delimiting the arena of the specialisation race. Within that arena, the effect of public policies on the temporal evolution of provincial specialisation is considered. The adoption of free trade in the early 1860s affected noticeably the industrial specialisation of a few Neapolitan provinces. The subsequent protectionist measures altered the specialisation trajectories of selected northern provinces, largely attracted by the textile sector during the 1880s, and by the rapidly growing engineering sector in the pre-First World War decade. Within and between regional homogeneity and smooth specialisation, trajectories are instead representative of most of the remaining provinces. Among them, southern provinces exhibit specialisation paths revealing that little more than a composition effect occurred among manufacturing sectors.
Hunting Electromagnetic Counterparts of Gravitational-wave Events Using the Zwicky Transient Facility

Detections of coalescing binary black holes by LIGO have opened a new window of transient astronomy. With increasing sensitivity of LIGO and participation of the Virgo detector in Cascina, Italy, we expect to soon detect coalescence of compact binary systems with one or more neutron stars. These are the prime targets for electromagnetic follow-up of gravitational wave triggers, which holds enormous promise of rich science. However, hunting for electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational wave events is a non-trivial task due to the sheer size of the error regions, which could span hundreds of square degrees. This may require deep observation with large field-of-view telescopes and/or use of galaxy catalogs. The Zwicky Transient facility (ZTF), scheduled to begin operation in 2017, is designed to cover such large sky-localization areas. In this work, we present the strategies of efficiently tiling the sky to facilitate the observation of the gravitational wave error regions using ZTF. To do this, we used simulations consisting of 475 binary neutron star coalescences detected using a mix of two- and three-detector networks. Our studies reveal that, using two overlapping sets of ZTF tiles and a (modified) ranked-tiling algorithm, we can cover the gravitational-wave sky-localization regions with half as many pointings as a simple contour-covering algorithm. We then incorporated the ranked-tiling strategy to study our ability to observe the counterparts. This requires optimization of observation depth and localization area coverage. Our results show that observation in r-band with ∼600 seconds of integration time per pointing seems to be optimum for typical assumed brightnesses of electromagnetic counterparts, if we plan to spend equal amount of time per pointing. However, our results also reveal that we can gain by as much as 50% in detection efficiency if we linearly scale our integration time per pointing based on the tile probability.
A Novel Approach For Syntactic Similarity Between Two Short Text

Syntactic similarity is an important activity in the area of high field of text documents, data mining, natural language processing, information retrieval. Natural language processing (NLP) is the intelligent machine where its ability is to translate the text into natural language such as English and other computer language such as c++. Web mining used for task such as document clustering, community mining etc to performed on web. However to find the similarity between the two documents is the difficult task. So with increasing scope in NLP require technique for dealing with many aspects of language, in particular, syntax, semantics and paradigms.
Crataegus orientalis Leaves and Berries: Phenolic Profiles, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity

The present study was designed to define the phenolic content, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Crateagus orientalis Pall. ex M. Bieb. , traditionally used by local people in southern parts of F.Y. R. Macedonia. The presence and content of 7 phenolics in ethanolic extracts of leaves and berries were studied using HPLC-DAD, where the most dominant compounds were hyperoside, isoquercitrin and chlorogenic acid. The leaf extract was more effective as a DPPH radical scavenger (IC50 = 29.7 μg/g) than the berry extract, as well as in the relative reducing power on Fe3+. Anti-inflammatory potential was studied by means of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) inhibitory activity; both extracts evinced activity. Furthermore, C. orientalis leaf extract showed a concentration dependent inhibition of COX-1 pathway products 12-HHT and TXB2, reaching IC50 values below the lowest applied concentration (68.9% and 55.2% of 12-HHT and TXB2 production inhibition, respectively, at concentration of 0.4 mg/mL). Although inhibitors such as acetylsalicylic acid and quercetin showed higher activity, this study demonstrates that the investigated extracts are potential anti-inflammatory agents.
Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals Individual Composition and Dynamics of Anelloviruses during Autologous Stem Cell Transplant Recipient Management

Over recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of the anelloviruses, the major component of the human virome, for the prediction of post-transplant complications such as severe infections. Due to an important diversity, the comprehensive characterization of this viral family over time has been poorly studied. To overcome this challenge, we used a metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) approach with the aim of determining the individual anellovirus profile of autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) patients. We conducted a prospective pilot study on a homogeneous patient cohort regarding the chemotherapy regimens that included 10 ASCT recipients. A validated viral mNGS workflow was used on 108 plasma samples collected at 11 time points from diagnosis to 90 days post-transplantation. A complex interindividual variability in terms of abundance and composition was noticed. In particular, a strong sex effect was found and confirmed using quantitative PCR targeting torque teno virus, the most abundant anellovirus. Interestingly, an important turnover in the anellovirus composition was observed during the course of the disease revealing a strong intra-individual variability. Although more studies are needed to better understand anellovirus dynamics, these findings are of prime importance for their future use as biomarkers of immune competence.