Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric vehicle routing problem with heterogeneous limited fleet : a case study in a beverage industry

Resumo: Este artigo aborda um estudo de caso em uma indústria de bebidas relativo ao Problema de Roteamento de Veículos Assimétrico com Frota Heterogênea Limitada (PRVAFHL). O objetivo é definir as rotas dos veículos de modo a reduzir os custos de distribuição. O PRVAFHL pertence à classe NP-difícil, isto é, sua resolução por meio de métodos exatos é uma tarefa extremamente árdua. Problemas desta natureza são geralmente tratados na prática de forma heurística. Dentre as diversas abordagens existentes, optou-se por realizar uma adaptação de uma heurística da literatura que se mostrou eficiente, sendo capaz de gerar soluções de qualidade elevada em um tempo de execução aceitável. Experimentos computacionais foram realizados em um conjunto de 7 instâncias obtidas junto à empresa em questão. Os resultados obtidos mostram que houve uma redução considerável no número de veículos utilizados e na distância total percorrida em relação às soluções adotadas pela empresa. Palavras-chave: Otimização; Indústria de bebidas; Iterated Local Search; Logística. Abstract: This article deals with a case study in a beverage industry concerning the Asymmetric Vehicle Routing Problem with Heterogeneous Limited Fleet (AVRPHLF). The objective of the present paper is to define the vehicle routes so as to reduce distribution costs. The AVRPHLF belongs to the NP-hard class, that is, its resolution through exact methods is an extremely hard task. In practice, problems of this nature are generally treated via heuristics. Among the various solution approaches, we decided to perform an adaptation of a heuristic from the literature that has proved to be efficient, capable of generating high-quality solutions in a reasonable execution time. Computational experiments were conducted in a set of seven instances obtained from the company in question. The results obtained show that there was a considerable reduction in the number of vehicles used and in the total distance traveled with respect to the solutions adopted by the company.
A Layer-based 3D Virtual Environment for Architectural Collaboration

Architectural design processes involve a variety of users with different levels of expertise such as architects, engineers, investors or end customers. An efﬁcient process requires all involved parties to obtain a common understanding of the architectural models and problems to be discussed. This is an ambitious task as architects as well as other involved parties often need to work with two-dimensional (2D) ﬂoor plans. While these plans are meaningful and easy to interpret for professionals, ordinary users often face problems when deducing three-dimensional (3D) properties of a building. In this paper we address this problem by introducing an immersive virtual environment (VE) for collaborative exploration of virtual architectural models. We explore a layer-based visualization method, which stacks 2D ﬂoor plans in space providing a simple 3D impression without actually using a 3D model. Based on architectural work processes we developed a user interface including two registered representations of the same building. Our user interface allows an architect to specify a region of interest within a 3D overall view while other participants can follow his perspective in a second 2D view. In our setup the virtual building is displayed on two separate walls of an L-shaped projection system.
Impact of Binaural 3 D Sound on Navigation Within a Virtual Environment

This paper describes the execution and analysis of an experiment carried out to assess the impact of providing binaural 3D sound guidance during a search task within a virtual reality environment. The experiment compared guidance by full binaural 3D sound to guidance provided by a sound whose intensity (equal in both ears) decreases as the straight-line distance from the sound source increases. The results of the experiments with 8 human subjects reveal that providing full binaural 3D sound guidance resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the time required to complete the search task. Keywords—Virtual Reality, Binaural Sound, 3D Sound, Oculus Rift, Maze, Search, Navigation.
Blending Observational Methods: Possibilities, Strategies, and Challenges

Qualitative researchers have used the observational strategies of video recording and participant observation to investigate specific phenomena. Although there have been recent advances in the separate use of these strategies, there is evidence that there is benefit in combining these observational approaches to study particular phenomena. The purpose of the paper is to present a discussion about the application of these observational methods as blended approaches. The authors draw on their own experience as researchers and that of others to explore how these observational strategies could be combined for use in a singular study. They provide directions for researchers who select observation as a primary research strategy.
Mixed and Hybrid Finite Element Methods for Convection-Diffusion Problems and Their Relationships with Finite Volume: The Multi-Dimensional Case

We introduced in (Fortin & Serghini Mounim, 2005) a new method which allows us to extend the connection between the finite volume and dual mixed hybrid (DMH) methods to advection-diffusion problems in the one-dimensional case. In the present work we propose to extend the results of (Fortin & Serghini Mounim, 2005) to multidimensional hyperbolic and parabolic problems. The numerical approximation is achieved using the Raviart-Thomas (Raviart & Thomas, 1977) finite elements of lowest degree on triangular or rectangular partitions. We show the link with numerous finite volume schemes by use of appropriate numerical integrations. This will permit a better understanding of these finite volume schemes and the large number of DMH results available could carry out their analysis in a unified fashion. Furthermore, a stabilized method is proposed. We end with some discussion on possible extensions of our schemes.
Functional Metabolomics—A Useful Tool to Characterize Stress-Induced Metabolome Alterations Opening New Avenues towards Tailoring Food Crop Quality

The breeding of stress-tolerant cultivated plants that would allow for a reduction in harvest losses and undesirable decrease in quality attributes requires a new quality of knowledge on molecular markers associated with relevant agronomic traits, on quantitative metabolic responses of plants to stress challenges, and on the mechanisms controlling the biosynthesis of these molecules. By combining metabolomics with genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics datasets a more comprehensive knowledge of the composition of crop plants used for food or animal feed is possible. In order to optimize crop trait developments, to enhance crop yields and quality, as well as to guarantee nutritional and health factors that provide the possibility to create functional food or feedstuffs, knowledge about the plants’ metabolome is crucial. Next to classical metabolomics studies, this review focuses on several metabolomics-based working techniques, such as sensomics, lipidomics, hormonomics and phytometabolomics, which were used to characterize metabolome alterations during abiotic and biotic stress in order to find resistant food crops with a preferred quality or at least to produce functional food crops.
Artificial Intelligence in Cardiac Arrhythmia Classification

Arrhythmia classification with high precision is usually performed by cardiologists with high time consumption. Automatic arrhythmia classifiers based on artificial intelligence algorithm can help cardiologists to obtain better precision and reduce time consuming. In this mini-review, we compare optimization methods, machine learning methods and deep learning methods in cardiac arrhythmia classification. A high-performance classifier based on deep learning algorithm would be a viable direction of the future research
Analysis of Flatness Deviations for Austenitic Stainless Steel Workpieces after Efficient Surface Machining

Abstract The following work is an analysis of flatness deviations of a workpiece made of X2CrNiMo17-12-2 austenitic stainless steel. The workpiece surface was shaped using efficient machining techniques (milling, grinding, and smoothing). After the machining was completed, all surfaces underwent stylus measurements in order to obtain surface flatness and roughness parameters. For this purpose the stylus profilometer Hommel-Tester T8000 by Hommelwerke with HommelMap software was used. The research results are presented in the form of 2D surface maps, 3D surface topographies with extracted single profiles, Abbott-Firestone curves, and graphical studies of the Sk parameters. The results of these experimental tests proved the possibility of a correlation between flatness and roughness parameters, as well as enabled an analysis of changes in these parameters from shaping and rough grinding to finished machining. The main novelty of this paper is comprehensive analysis of measurement results obtained during a three-step machining process of austenitic stainless steel. Simultaneous analysis of individual machining steps (milling, grinding, and smoothing) enabled a complementary assessment of the process of shaping the workpiece surface macro- and micro-geometry, giving special consideration to minimize the flatness deviations
Metallographic Preparation of Incoloy 800 Tube Material for EBSD

Incoloy 800 is a nickel-iron-chrome alloy used where high temperature– and corrosion -resistance is required with typical configuration and application being tube material for heat-exchangers. During manufacturing, the boilers tubes are subject to cold-work introducing residual strain into critical regions of the tube. In characterizing the impact of this cold-work on the microstructure, tube material was prepared using metallography for examination by Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). One challenge associated with sample preparation for this application can be attributed to the the wall thickness of the tube, being only 1 millimeter (Figure 1). Sectioning, mounting and polishing of the sample may introduce additional strain, and inflate results obtained by subsequent EBSD. Most such artifacts can be circumvented by electro-polishing, however; this approach brings a different set of complications: electronic differences from inclusions leaving large pits, and heavy rounding of sample edges (an area of specific interest). Standard metallographic mounting methods introduce other complications as well. Modifications to sample preparation, specifically mounting and the final polish, were found to mitigate these complications.
Frequency of Intestinal Parasites Among Sudanese Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome

The objective of this case control study is to identify the relationship between intestinal parasitic infection and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) among Sudanese patients. Method: Two hundred patients diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and were attended Health Facilities at Khartoum State were enrolled, together with 99 apparently healthy controls. Patients were classified into three groups (IBS-all types, IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D), and IBS with constipation (IBS-C)). Stool specimens were collected form study population and all were subjected to microscopic examination following wet saline preparation, formal-ether concentration technique, Z. N stain, and in vitro cultivation in Locke egg medium. Results: Intestinal parasites were detected in 32% (64/200) of IBS-all types; and in 16.2% (16/99) of control group (P. value 0.005). For patients, 20 (10%) were positive for the Entamoeba cyst, 3 (1.5%) Giardia lamblia cysts, and 41 (20.5%) were positive for Blastocystis hominis cyst. For control, Entamoeba species were detected in 10 (10.1%), G. lambelia one case (1.1%), and B. hominis in 5 (5.2%). Blastocystis hominis was significantly prevalent among IBS-all types than the control group (P. value 0.02). It is more frequent among patients with IBS- D than those with IBS-C (P. value 0.001). Conclusion: This study concluded that, there is a statistical association between presence of intestinal parasites and IBS on study population. Blastocystis hominis was found more frequently detected parasite, and it was found significantly associated with IBS- diarrhea.
Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum starter culture on the microbial succession, chemical composition, aerobic stability and acceptability by ruminant of fermented Panicum maximum grass.

In this study, starter culture of Lactic acid Bacteria (LAB) was developed by screening 20 different isolates of LAB to select the best that was used to inoculate P. maximum grass for silage production. The grass was inoculated with 1x10 cfu/ml of L. plantarum that grow over a wide range of pH and produce minimal concentration of lactic acid in de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth. The fermented grass was sampled after 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of ensiling to determine microbial succession and chemical properties. Aerobic stability test of the silage was determined at 45 and 60 days of ensiling. The acceptability of the silage was also determined feeding of the silage to West African dwarf sheep. The LAB in the silage was observed to increase from 9.30 log cfu/g at day 15 to 10.18 log cfu/g at day 45. This resulted in a rapid drop in the pH of the inoculated silage (decreasing from 4.50 at day 15 to 3.83 at day 30) compared to the uninoculated silage (that changed from 4.60 at day 15 to 4.73 at day 30). Mould and yeast was observed in the silage to be inhibited with mould count decreasing from 3.97 at day 15 to 2.46 at day 45 in the inoculated silage. During aerobic stability test, the increase in the count of spoilage microorganism was observed to be more drastic in the inoculated silage with yeast count increasing from 3.16 log cfu/g at day 1 of exposure to 3.56 log cfu/g at the second day at day 45 of ensiling. The ruminant fed the silage accepted the control silage more at days 45 and 60 with COP of 1.08 and 1.33, respectively. The CP of the inoculated silage increased from 7.20 g/100 DM at day 15 of ensiling to 9.84 g/100 DM at the end of day 60 of ensiling. The ADF and NDF were also reduced in the inoculated silage with 64.00 g/100 DM of NDF for the control silage at day 30 and 60.00 g/100 DM at the same day for the inoculated silage. It is, therefore, concluded that inoculation of silage with homolactic LAB increases fermentation of silage but not the aerobic stability of the silage.
Extracting Knowledge from On-Line Forums for Non-Obstructive Psychological Counseling Q&A System

Psychological counseling Q&A system is enjoying a remarkable and increasing popularity in recent years. Knowledge base is the important component for such kind of systems, but it is difficult and time-consuming to construct the knowledge base manually. Fortunately, there emerges large number of Q&A pairs in many psychological counseling websites, which can provide good source enriching the knowledge base. This paper presents the method of knowledge extraction from psychological consulting Q&A pairs of on-line psychological counseling websites, which include keywords, semantic extension and word sequence. P-XML, which is the knowledge template based on XML, is also designed to store the knowledge. The extracted knowledge has been successfully used in our non-obstructive psychologycal counseling system, called P.A. L. , and the experimental results also demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach.
Changes in Estimated Dislocation Density during Creep in Martensitic Heat-Resistant Steel

An equation for dislocation density during creep was introduced for martensitic heat-resistant steel using Orowan’s equation and a thermal activation equation of Kauzmann type based on several assumptions. The dislocation density discussed here corresponds to the number of dislocations swept out of an imaginary deformable domain in an activated state and is not the so-called mobile dislocation density. The one adjustable parameter, the actual deformable domain size, was adopted in the equation as a size intermediate of the lath martensite and packet. The activation energy and volume, and , were calculated using creep curves for 9Cr-1W tempered martensitic steel as a function of creep strain. The changes in the dislocation density during creep were estimated nondestructively to be roughly to using the values of and . The obtained densities were approximately comparable to the values of total dislocation density reported for directly observed ferritic/martensitic steels. It was found that the dislocation density of 9Cr-1W steel initially increased and then decreased in a transition creep range, which relate to hardening and recovery, respectively. This point of inversion from hardening to recovery can be confirmed easily and nondestructively far before the time to minimum creep rate and as a matter of course the time to rupture. It is suggested that monitoring of the dislocation density can predict the unexpected decrease in long-term rupture strength in advance.
Circulating proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans during critical illness

The endothelial glycocalyx is the carbohydrate rich inner layer of the blood vessels. Important components of the glycocalyx are the proteoglycans with their attached glycosaminoglycans. At this location these molecules contribute to the adhesion and transport of leucocytes to inflamed tissue, the anticoagulation as well as the transport of fluid across the vessel wall. All these functions are disturbed during severe sepsis. The present thesis aims at determining if these molecules are increased in concentration of septic patients and/or if the blood levels provide additional information useful in the management of these patients. We found that circulating levels of glycosaminoglycans, and in particular heparan sulphate and hyaluronic acid, main glycosaminoglycans on the vessel wall, were higher in in septic shock patients compared to control patients. Furthermore, the concentration was higher in the patients that did not survive the disease. These results indicate that analysis may be useful and that the increased level is probably due to shedding from the glycocalyx. Severe haemorrhage is accompanied with development of a systemic inflammatory reaction. We found increased plasma levels of heparan sulphate during haemorrhagic shock in the rat, indicating damage to the glycocalyx. Treatment of the blood loss with fresh frozen plasma, albumin or Ringer’s acetate had no significant difference in the release of heparan sulphate. Transcapillary escape rate for albumin was not affected by bleeding, indicating that the induced damage to the glycocalyx was insufficient to affect the permeability. In a mixed cohort of intensive care patients circulating levels of the proteoglycans syndecan-1 was increased compared to controls. No difference was detected between patients with different underlying conditions. This indicates that syndecan-1 release is a general consequence of critical illness that probably has limited value as a marker in clinical practice.
Soil Chemical Attributes, Biometric Characteristics, and Concentrations of N and P in Leaves and Litter Affected by Fertilization and the Number of Sprouts per the Eucalyptus L’Hér. Strain in the Brazilian Cerrado

Given the lack of recommendations for the fertilization of Eucalyptus clones in the second production cycle, the effects of fertilizer rates and the number of sprouts per strain in terms of the soil chemical attributes, biometric characteristics, and the concentrations of N and P in the leaves and in the litter of Eucalyptus L’Her. in the Brazilian Cerrado were evaluated. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replicates, arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme: one or two sprouts per strain; four fertilizer rates (0, 50, 100, or 200% of 200 kg ha−1 of the formula 06-30-06 + 1.5% Cu + 1% Zn) applied immediately after sprout definition. The option of one sprout per strain yielded higher contents of organic matter (K, S, B, and Mn) in the 0.20–0.40-m layer, the leaf chlorophyll index, the diameter at breast height, and the height of the Eucalyptus 44 months after the definition of sprouts. However, N and P leaf concentrations and the wood volume did not differ as a function of the sprout numbers. The fertilizer dosage did not influence the wood volume, even in sandy soil with low fertility. Approximately 86% of the wood volume was obtained from the supply of soil and root nutrient reserves and 14% of this productivity is due to fertilization minerals. The adequate fertilization in the first cycle of the Eucalyptus supplies almost the entire nutritional demand of the forest in the second production cycle.
Privacy Issues on Social Networks

The privacy is a need for humanity since the creation of civilizations. In social networks (SNs) the common point is that each user has to create a profile to define his or her own identity. The profile description includes many items with privacy settings to tune their visibility degrees for only owner, friends, friends of friends (FoF) and sometimes for public. After enrolment stage, users extend their social connection graphs with accepted new friends and these graphs grow without the control of individual due to the new FoF. Hence, with high probability, the shared information of member is generally available to public and can be retrieved by users around the world. In this article, the reasons of privacy concerns, and which intensively works have done or required to produce solutions by researchers and governments will be evaluated.
Should species distribution models account for spatial autocorrelation? A test of model projections across eight millennia of climate change

Aim The distributions of many organisms are spatially autocorrelated, but it is unclear whether including spatial terms in species distribution models (SDMs) improvesprojectionsof speciesdistributionsunderclimatechange.Weprovideone of the first comparative evaluations of the ability of a purely spatial SDM, a purely non-spatial SDM and a SDM that combines spatial and environmental information to project species distributions across eight millennia of climate change.
Global Human Settlement Analysis for Disaster Risk Reduction

Abstract. The Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) is supported by the European Commission, Joint Research Center (JRC) in the frame of his institutional research activities. Scope of GHSL is developing, testing and applying the technologies and analysis methods integrated in the JRC Global Human Settlement analysis platform for applications in support to global disaster risk reduction initiatives (DRR) and regional analysis in the frame of the European Cohesion policy. GHSL analysis platform uses geo-spatial data, primarily remotely sensed and population. GHSL also cooperates with the Group on Earth Observation on SB-04-Global Urban Observation and Information, and various international partners andWorld Bank and United Nations agencies. Some preliminary results integrating global human settlement information extracted from Landsat data records of the last 40 years and population data are presented.
Hunting large primates and conservation of the Neotropical rain forests

This paper examines the impact of hunting on the conservation of large Neotropical primates (≥ 6 kg adult body mass) and of the forest they inhabit. A greater emphasis on the in-situ conservation of large cebids outside protected areas and close to people is advocated and research priorities are suggested to support the conservation of large primates imperilled by hunting.