Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regression Testing Systematic Literature Review – A Preliminary Analysis

Software needs to be modified and frequently maintained by what is called regression testing . Regression testing is a costly but necessary maintenance activity in the software development lifecycle (SDLC), which can be performed to revalidate modified software to make sure that changes did not adversely affect software behavior. Several studies have been carried out regarding regression testing domain in the literature. However, these studies need to be classified, summarized and ordered in a systematic manner to spot on the current state of the art of regression testing field. Previously, a protocol for conducting systematic literature review for regression testing was carried out. Therefore, this paper will carry out a systematic literature review (SLR) to illustrate the current state-of-the-art of regression testing domain. In this SLR, a manual search has been conducted to obtain related studies from four various sources where those studies were classified under journal, conference proceeding, and book chapter categories within specific criteria. Consequently, the initial search resulted in 1261 unfiltered studies, which then decreased according to certain predefined criteria up to 246 selected relevant studies. For the next stage, primary and secondary studies were identified. As a result of this stage, major regression testing concepts such as: approaches, frameworks, models and tools were briefly presented, analyzed and discussed in related with selected studies. In the future, regression testing approaches, techniques and tools will be further discussed in more detail.
Seasonal exchange of CO 2 and delta 18 O-CO 2 varies with postfire succession in boreal forest ecosystems

[ 1 ] Seasonal cycles of atmospheric CO 2 and d 18 O-CO 2 at high northern latitudes have the potential to serve as indicators of ecological change in response to climate changes. Effective interpretation of these observations requires an understanding of how different species and ecosystems contribute to biosphere-atmosphere exchange. Here we examined the effect of postfire stand age in boreal forest ecosystems on the seasonal distribution of CO 2 and d 18 O-CO 2 fluxes. We measured net CO 2 fluxes in a 3-year burn scar, a 15-year trembling aspen stand, and an 80-year black spruce stand in interior Alaska using eddy covariance. By combining measurements of the oxygen isotopic composition of ecosystem water pools at each stand with measured CO 2 fluxes, we predicted half-hourly d 18 O-CO 2 fluxes and used a one-box atmosphere model to make relative comparisons of the effect of stand age on the shape and amplitude of the seasonal cycle of CO 2 and d 18 O-CO 2 . A shorter growing season and higher rates of net ecosystem uptake during midsummer at the 15-year stand resulted in a larger seasonal CO 2 amplitude and a delay in the drawdown of atmospheric CO 2 as compared with the 80-year stand. Reduced levels of gross primary production isoforcing from the 15-year stand during spring and early summer caused atmospheric d 18 O-CO 2 to increase more gradually between April and June as compared with fluxes from the 80-year stand. Our analysis suggests that increased boreal forest disturbance would delay the phase of CO 2 drawdown at high northern latitudes, but would advance the phase of d 18 O-CO 2 drawdown.
Photonic crystals modified by optically resonant systems

We investigate light propagation in periodic nanoscale structures known as photonic crystals. The goal is to gain insight into how the propagation of light can be modified and exploited for uses in telecommunication, regenerative energy, quantum information processing and optical computing. To this end, we dope photonic crystals with optically resonant systems: systems which strongly modify light propagation.
System Analysis and Opportunities for Optimization of Pneumatic Systems in Manufacturing Plants

Compressed air is a reliable source of energy that is widely used in industry and service sectors thanks to the ease and safety of production and processing. In most industrial facilities, compressed air is needed for many aspects of their operations. The nature of the respective production (industry), its scale and the structure of the technological equipment, the life cycle stage, make the task of optimizing pneumatic systems multivariate. In view of this, it is difficult to find a single solution for improving the energy efficiency of using compressed air. The present work aims at systematizing the main factors, the degree of their influence and the possibilities of saving of pneumatic energy. The analysis and evaluation were performed on the basis of quantitative indicators from leading industrial companies in Bulgaria.
COPD_A_262418 2267..2274

Pneumology Department, Pedro Ernesto Hospital of State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, PR, Brazil Introduction: Small airways are not evaluated with traditional pulmonary function tests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the small airways in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with a nitrogen washout test and to verify whether there is a difference between patients with COPD due to smoking and those with COPD due to alpha-1 antitrypsin mutation. Methods: Sixteen patients with mutation in the SERPINA1 gene and 45 patients with no mutation were included in this cross-sectional study. All pulmonary function tests, including the single breath nitrogen washout test, were performed for all patients and alpha-1 antitrypsin dosage was assessed with immunonephelometry. Results: A comparison of patients with COPD due to smoking and those with COPD due to smoking and mutation revealed a significant difference in closure volume (%), which was the poorest in the mutation group. In the group with COPD and mutation, there was an inverse correlation between smoking and closure volume (%). We also verified that similar to forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), the phase III slope (%) and ΔN2 750–1250 mL (%) could be used to differentiate the severity of airflow limitation. Conclusion: Our results suggest that both variables, phase III slope and the ΔN2 750–1250 mL (%), could be related to COPD severity. Therefore, alterations at the distribution of the location of the emphysema could alter the results of closer volume and that the nitrogen washout test is more sensitive when compared to traditional pulmonary function test in evaluating COPD patients.
Optimization of American option pricing through GPU computing

Over the last decades the market for ﬁnancial derivatives has grown dramatically to values of global importance. With the digital automation of the markets, programs able to efﬁciently value ﬁnancial derivatives has become key to market competitiveness and thus garnered considerable interest. This report explores the potential efﬁciency gains of employing modern technology in GPU computing to price ﬁnancial options, using the binomial option pricing model. The model is implemented using both CPU and GPU hardware and results compared in terms of computational efﬁciency. According to this thesis, GPU computing can considerably improve option pricing runtimes.
MARKET MODELS FOR LOCAL FLEXIBILITY PROCUREMENT: INTERFLEX’ EXPERIENCE AND MAIN CHALLENGES

The use of flexibilities by DSOs to optimize the grid raises new questions related to the regulatory and market framework. This paper presents the different approaches taken within the InterFlex project to mobilise flexibilities. It tackles some of the major issues regarding the use of flexibilities in distribution grids. It identifies the challenges the project stakeholders are facing and presents a series of highly innovative mechanisms put in place in four of the project’s demonstrators to foster the local use of flexibilities and contribute to the energy transition.
RamA, a Member of the AraC/XylS Family, Inﬂuences Both Virulence and Efﬂux in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium (cid:1) †

The transcriptomes of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 lacking a functional ramA or ramR or with plasmid-mediated high-level overexpression of ramA were compared to those of the wild-type parental strain. Inactivation of ramA led to increased expression of 14 SPI-1 genes and decreased expression of three SPI-2 genes, and it altered expression of ribosomal biosynthetic genes and several amino acid biosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, disruption of ramA led to decreased survival within RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages and attenuation within the BALB/c ByJ mouse model. Highly overexpressed ramA led to increased expression of genes encoding multidrug resistance (MDR) efﬂux pumps, including acrAB , acrEF , and tolC . Decreased expression of 34 Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI) 1 and 2 genes, decreased SipC production, decreased adhesion to and survival within macrophages, and decreased colonization of Caenorhabditis elegans were also seen. Disruption of ramR led to the increased expression of ramA , acrAB , and tolC , but not to the same level as when ramA was overexpressed on a plasmid. Inactivation of ramR had a more limited effect on pathogenicity gene expression. In silico analysis of a suggested RamA-binding consensus sequence identiﬁed target genes, including ramR , acrA , tolC , sipABC , and ssrA . This study demonstrates that the regulation of a mechanism of MDR and expression of virulence genes show considerable overlap, and we postulate that such a mechanism is dependent on transcriptional activator concentration and promoter sensitivity. However, we have no evidence to support the hypothesis that increased MDR via RamA regulation of AcrAB-TolC gives rise to a hypervirulent strain.
LITHUANIA'S COMPETITIVENESS: MYTHS, REALITIES AND PERSPECTIVES

In recent years, the concept of national competitiveness and favourable business environment is broadly associated with economic development. The countries are increasingly paying attention to their competitiveness on global markets by promoting national programs and founding institu tions aimed at tackling competitiveness issues. A number of leading international organizations, research institutes and business entities carry out global comparative studies on nation's compe titiveness. However, the global competitiveness ranking results are often inconsistent with economic trends. This raises a question whether the international competitiveness ran kings provide a proper guidance for an individual economy in improving the business environment. The paper aims at revealing the factors behind the discrepancies in evaluating a national com petitiveness by international institutions and national agents. The analysis is based on the data sets of two influential publications - Doing Business (the World Bank) and Global Competitiveness Report (World Economic Forum). The study was enriched by a questionnaire, specially tailored to assess the most problematic issues in measuring the business and investment environment. The research has shown that the international comparisons only partially correspond to the national perception of competitiveness. The paper also addresses policy insights for enhancing Lithuania's competitiveness.
Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching Combined with Aerobic Training on Pulmonary Function in COPD Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: The proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching could improve the contractile capacity of respiratory muscles, but the effect on pulmonary function, when it is combined with aerobic training, remains unknown. Objective: To evaluate the effect of PNF combined with aerobic training on respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function and neck/shoulder mobility in patients with COPD. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Analog forced capacity (FVC), expiratory (FEV ), capacity (IC), reserve volume (IRV), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), the range of motion (ROM) of head protraction, shoulder flexion, and the non-dominant pectoralis minor muscle (PmM) length were measured. Results: All the indicators of both groups were significantly improved after 6 weeks of intervention except for FVC, FEV 1 and PmM length. Compared to the control group, the PNF group showed significant improvement in the CAT score, dyspnea VAS score, IC, IRV, 6MWT, as well as head protraction ROM and shoulder flexion ROM. Furthermore, IC was positively correlated with the head protraction ROM and PmM length ( r =0.415, 0.579, P =0.028, 0.001); IRV was positively correlated with the shoulder flexion ROM ( r =0.405, P =0.032) in the PNF group. Conclusion: PNF stretching combined with aerobic training reduces dyspnea and improves some pulmonary function measures, which is associated with neck/shoulder mobility, in COPD patients. therapeutics and pharmacology focusing on concise rapid reporting of clinical studies and reviews in COPD. Special focus is given to the pathophysiological processes underlying the disease, intervention programs, patient focused education, and self management protocols. indexed on PubMed Central, MedLine and CAS. The manuscript management system is completely online and includes a very quick and fair peer-review system, which is all easy to use. to read real quotes from published authors.
Simple galaxy models with massive haloes

The axisymmetric logarithmic potential introduced by Binney as a simple model of a galactic halo has an elementary distribution function depending on the two classical integrals of motion, binding energy E and angular momentum parallel to the symmetry axis L z . The spherical limit is an isothermal distribution of two stellar populations whose masses and central densities are in the ratio 1:2. It is more realistic to build composite models, in which a luminous component is embedded within a massive dark halo.
The role of catastrophizing and locus of control in chronic frequent headache

We studied the role of cognitive and personality factors in the chronification of episodic headache and headache impact. Subjects from the general population with chronic frequent headache (CFH: headache on (cid:2) 15 days/month) and subjects with infrequent headache (IH: 14 days/month) received a questionnaire including the Pain Coping and Cognition List, the Temperament and Character Inventory, the Headache Impact Test, and the General Health Questionnaire. The CFH group (n=171) scored higher on catastrophizing (2.8 vs. 1.9), degree of pain coping (3.4 vs. 3.0) and external pain control (3.0 vs. 2.3) than the IH group (n=140), and lower on internal pain control (3.2 vs. 3.7). CFH subjects scored lower on the personality dimension self-directedness than the IH subjects, difference -1.6 (95% CI (-2.3 to -1.0), and higher on harm-avoidance, difference 1.1 (95% CI 0.2 to 1.9). After adjusting for educational level and presence of psychopathology, personality dimensions were no longer associated with CFH. Headache impact scores were 61 in the CFH group compared to 51 in the IH group (difference 10, 95% CI 8 to 11). Only catastrophizing and internal pain control made a unique contribution to headache impact after controlling for demographics, headache status and psychopathology. In conclusion, CFH is associated with catastrophizing, low internal pain control and high external pain control. Personality factors do not pose an additional risk factor for chronification. Headache impact is primarily determined by headache frequency and catastrophizing.
Indirect Detection of Dark Matter

A brief review of dark matter is given. In particular, indirect detection methods of dark matter particle annihilation in various contexts are reviewed. The complementarity of different methods is emphasized. A promising method, where extensive development on the experimental side is taking place, is detection of dark matter through annihilation into gamma‐rays. In particular, with the GLAST satellite soon to be launched, a crucial window in the energy range of a few GeV up to 300 GeV will open. The good angular and energy resolution of the instrument means that structures predicted by cold dark matter models can be searched for.
Inefﬁcient Transmission of H5N1 Inﬂuenza Viruses in a Ferret Contact Model (cid:1)

The abilities to infect and transmit efﬁciently among humans are essential for a novel inﬂuenza A virus to cause a pandemic. To evaluate the pandemic potential of widely disseminated H5N1 inﬂuenza viruses, a ferret contact model using experimental groups comprised of one inoculated ferret and two contact ferrets was used to study the transmissibility of four human H5N1 viruses isolated from 2003 to 2006. The effects of viral pathogenicity and receptor binding speciﬁcity (afﬁnity to synthetic sialosaccharides with (cid:1) 2,3 or (cid:1) 2,6 linkages) on transmissibility were assessed. A/Vietnam/1203/04 and A/Vietnam/JP36-2/05 viruses, which possess “avian-like” (cid:1) 2,3-linked sialic acid (SA) receptor speciﬁcity, caused neurological symptoms and death in ferrets inoculated with 10 3 50% tissue culture infectious doses. A/Hong Kong/213/03 and A/Turkey/65-596/06 viruses, which show binding afﬁnity for “human-like” (cid:1) 2,6-linked SA receptors in addition to their afﬁnity for (cid:1) 2,3-linked SA receptors, caused mild clinical symptoms and were not lethal to the ferrets. No transmission of A/Vietnam/1203/04 or A/Turkey/65-596/06 virus was detected. One contact ferret developed neutralizing antibodies to A/Hong Kong/213/03 but did not exhibit any clinical signs or detectable virus shedding. In two groups, one of two naı¨ve contact ferrets had detectable virus after 6 to 8 days when housed together with the A/Vietnam/JP36-2/05 virus-inoculated ferrets. Infected contact ferrets showed severe clinical signs, although little or no virus was detected in nasal washes. This limited virus shedding explained the absence of secondary transmission from the infected contact ferret to the other naı¨ve ferret that were housed together. Our results suggest that despite their receptor binding afﬁnity, circulating H5N1 viruses retain molecular determinants that restrict their spread among mammalian species. evaluation or with pooled monoclonal antibodies against inﬂuenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP) protein for detection of inﬂuenza viral antigen. Lung and brain tissue samples from a ferret inoculated with VN/04 virus were used as a positive control (high virus titers were detected in the lungs and brain from the same inoculated ferret). Reverse transcription-PCR and virus sequencing. Viral RNAs were isolated from allantoic ﬂuid or cell culture supernatant (RNeasy; QIAGEN) and one-step reverse transcription-PCR was done with a universal primer set (14). The Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital analyzed the sequences on Applied Biosystem 3700 DNA analyzers by using BigDye Terminator (v. 3) chemistry and synthetic oligonucleotides.
Scientific note: Similarities between Survival Analysis using Kaplan-Meier and ANOVA

Survival experiments are essential for researches in various biological fields. Survival analysis can be done using Kaplan-Meier. This test is not well known than ANOVA. It is hypothesized that ANOVA can give similar results to Kaplan-Meier. In this study, three survival experiments using different number of treatments or cases were analyzed to compare ANOVA and Kaplan-Meier. Similarities between Duncan after ANOVA and Kaplan-Meier with Mantel-Cox, Breslow, or Tarone-Ware were found. Also, percentages of survived individuals from Kaplan-Meier were similar to calculated cumulative mortality.
Psychological effects and subjective experiences of ayahuasca rituals in participants of two neoshamanic centers of Uruguay

Ayahuasca's psychological and subjective effects were compared in rituals of two neoshamanic groups in Uruguay. Compare, describe and analyze psychological effects and subjective experiences of ayahuasca ceremonies in two different groups: a psychospiritual holistic center, and a center specialized in substance use disorder's treatment. A mixed qualitative-quantitative study was conducted, using the Hallucinogen Rating Scale for measuring psychological effects, and in-depth interviews for the description of ayahuasca subjective experiences. Data from both techniques were compared, analyzing convergences and differences. When comparing the two neoshamanic groups, significant differences with a medium-size effect were found in the psychological variables Affect (r = 0.47), Cognition (r = 0.36) and Perception (r = 0.36). The qualitative descriptions of ayahuasca experiences in the group with higher scores in those variables showed more frequent and complex experiences of emotional, cognitive, and perceptive content. Dissimilar results were found when comparing Intensity and Somaesthetic domains, with no significant results in the quantitative part, while in the qualitative part intensity was reported as “soft” in one group, and corporal experiences (e.g., purging effects) were especially manifested. Stronger subjective experiences and higher psychological effects may be related to differences in the dosage and the setting of the centers. Emotional, cognitive, and perceptive psychological effects of ayahuasca rituals measured by the Hallucinogen Rating Scale, seem to be associated with more frequent and complex subjective experiences in the mentioned domains. Qualitative group differences in corporal alterations and the overall intensity of the experience differed from non-significant results of the quantitative part of the study.
Investigating the Concepts Dandyism and Bunburyism in Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest

By the end of the eighteenth century, England witnessed a great event, that is, the French revolution, but what is more important is the British revolution which was the revolution of ideas. The Victorian age is an age of ideas, strictness, developments, depression, aristocracy, doubt, taboo, morals, and many other conventions. These changes are detected in great literary activities, discoveries in science, history, religion, politics, customs, and many other fields. Between the 30's and the 40s, many voices were heard through different kinds of art, showing the bad conditions of the working class. The major figure of the Victorian age is Oscar Wilde (1854 – 1900). He is the first to introduce problem plays, which deal with the problems of the age. His social comedies were not to solve social problems but to deliver his ideas about the vanity of his age.
Evaluating the Suitability of 3D Bioprinted Samples for Experimental Radiotherapy: A Pilot Study

Radiotherapy is an important component in the treatment of lung cancer, one of the most common cancers worldwide, frequently resulting in death within only a few years of diagnosis. In order to evaluate new therapeutic approaches and compare their efficiency with regard to tumour control at a pre-clinical stage, it is important to develop standardized samples which can serve as inter-institutional outcome controls, independent of differences in local technical parameters or specific techniques. Recent developments in 3D bioprinting techniques could provide a sophisticated solution to this challenge. We have conducted a pilot project to evaluate the suitability of standardized samples generated from 3D printed human lung cancer cells in radiotherapy studies. The samples were irradiated at high dose rates using both broad beam and microbeam techniques. We found the 3D printed constructs to be sufficiently mechanically stable for use in microbeam studies with peak doses up to 400 Gy to test for cytotoxicity, DNA damage, and cancer cell death in vitro. The results of this study show how 3D structures generated from human lung cancer cells in an additive printing process can be used to study the effects of radiotherapy in a standardized manner.