Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Performance Profile in Pediatric Moyamoya Disease Patients and Its Relationship With Regional Cerebral Blood Perfusion

Object: Moyamoya disease affects the cognitive function of pediatric patients, and compromised cerebral blood flow might be the potential cause. We aimed to explore the specific correlation between cognitive impairment and regional perfusion status in pediatric moyamoya disease patients. Methods: We prospectively enrolled consecutive pediatric moyamoya disease patients admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital from July 2017 to March 2019. Arterial spin-labeling magnetic resonance and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (the 4th edition) were performed on all participants. The cognitive performance of patients was analyzed, and its correlation to cerebral perfusion status was also investigated in the region of interest-based analysis. Results: A total of 21 patients met the inclusion criteria (mean aged 11.14 ± 2.82, male: female = 11:10). Six patients (28.6%) showed no cognitive deficits in any index score, while 15 (71.4%) showed cognitive deficits with differing severity. Nine (42.9%) patients showed overall cognitive impairment, and all cognitive index scores except for Verbal Comprehension Index were significantly lower than the mean scores of normative data with corresponding age. Perceptual Reasoning Index (p = 0.019) were statistically lower in patients with radiologically confirmed cerebral infarction. Suzuki stage of the left hemisphere negatively correlated to Full-scale Intelligence Quotient (r = −0.452, p = 0.039). Region of Interest analysis showed that cerebral blood flow of the left temporal lobe independently associated with the Processing Speed Index (β = 0.535, p = 0.041). Conclusion: Pediatric moyamoya disease patients exhibited different levels of cognitive impairment. Cerebral infarction is related to poorer perceptual reasoning ability. Cerebral blood flow in the left temporal lobe positively correlates with processing speed.
Characterization of a Novel Diarrheagenic Strain of Proteus mirabilis Associated With Food Poisoning in China

Proteus mirabilis is commonly considered to be an opportunistic pathogen causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in humans. However, some strains of P. mirabilis were found to be associated with food poisoning outbreaks, with the pathogenic mechanism still unclear. In our study, we described a novel strain of P. mirabilis C02011 isolated from patients’ specimens in a food poisoning in China. In order to determine its gastrointestinal pathogenicity, experiments were performed to compare P. mirabilis B02005 strain (isolated from healthy people) and P. mirabilis American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 29906 strain both in vitro [Caco-2 cells: bacterial adhesion and invasion assays, Giemsa staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)] and in vivo [BALB/c mouse model: fecal character, colon injury, histological examination, immunochemistry, and western blotting (WB)]. According to the results, C02011 strain exhibited almost identical characteristics with B02005 strain in bacterial appearance and proliferation. In vitro, Caco-2 cells were infected with P. mirabilis C02011, B02005, and P. mirabilis ATCC 29906 strains. After that, Giemsa staining and TEM were used for observing the infection process of C02011 strain. Meanwhile, the adhesive abilities of different strains were rated as follows: P. mirabilis B02005 > P. mirabilis C02011 > P. mirabilis ATCC 29906 (P < 0.01). Invasive abilities of different strains were rated as follows: P. mirabilis C02011 > P. mirabilis B02005 > P. mirabilis ATCC 29906 (P < 0.01). In vivo, BALB/c mice were infected with P. mirabilis C02011 and B02005 strains. C02011 strain shows more virulence than B02005 strain in terms of the following indicators: (1) feces water content and fecal character; (2) colon length of mice; (3) histological examination on mouse intestine tissues; (4) ELISA for detecting TNF-α level in the colon; and (5) WB and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for detecting occludin protein expression in the colon. On the basis of these results, we firstly validated that the novel strain of P. mirabilis C02011 shows more gastrointestinal pathogenicity than the other strains isolated from a healthy individual. In addition, type IV secretion system (T4SS) was preliminarily confirmed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of diarrheal P. mirabilis isolated from the food poisoning incident.
Accumulation of Nucleolar Inorganic Polyphosphate Is a Cellular Response to Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis

The chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin, which targets DNA, serves as one of the main staples in cancer treatment. Yet, the therapeutic application of cisplatin is limited by two major challenges: the occurrence of reversible and irreversible side effects due to non-specific toxicity, and the intrinsic or developing resistance of tumor cells toward cisplatin. Here we demonstrate that cancer cells respond to cisplatin treatment with the nucleolar accumulation of inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), a universally conserved high-energy compound. PolyP accumulation positively correlates with the levels of activated caspase-3, suggesting a novel role of polyP in cisplatin-mediated apoptosis. In support of this finding, we discovered that administration of exogenous polyP increases cisplatin-induced toxicity in select cancer cell lines, raising the exciting possibility that enhancing endogenous polyP levels might be a novel mechanism to sensitize cancer cells to cisplatin treatment.
One or Two Samples for Determination of Total Plasma Clearance of a Nonionic Contrast Medium in Patients Undergoing Enhanced CT

Plasma clearance of nonionic iopamidol (300 mg I/ml) was measured in 50 patients in connection with enhanced CT. Before injection of either 50 or 100 ml of the contrast medium, S-creatinine and urine osmolality were measured. Employing Renalyzer PRX 90, the plasma concentration of iodine was determined in blood samples drawn approximately 3 and 4 h after injection of iopamidol. The glomerular filtration rate was calculated by the Renalyzer using 2 different formulas, one requiring only a single sample, and one requiring at least 2 samples (standard). Both the 3- and 4-h single sample values correlated well with the glomerular filtration rate expressed by the standard sample value. The result was independent of whether 50 or 100 ml had been administered and whether or not water soluble contrast medium had been given orally before CT. As could be expected S-creatinine and urine osmolality correlated poorly with the clearance values. It is concluded that in patients receiving either 50 or 100 ml contrast medium for enhanced CT, the glomerular filtration rate can be determined in a single sample as well as with 2 samples taken between 3 and 4 h after contrast medium injection.
Concomitant Changes in Mr Image and Morphology Induced by Glucose and Fructose in B16 Mouse Melanomas

The short proton relaxation times in the MR images of malignant melanomas make them different from most other tumors. We have previously shown that the T1 and T2 signals may be significantly influenced when the water distribution of the tumor is changed in vivo and in vitro. In the present work T1 and T2 were estimated and compared with the electron microscopy picture in subcutaneously implanted B16 melanomas in mice. Two hours after the mice were given an i.p. injection of 0.9% NaCl containing 10% glucose and 10% fructose (9 mice) both the T2 components were markedly and the T1 slightly prolonged. At the same time the electron microscopy picture displayed swelling of the melanocytes together with a marked decrease in number and size of their mitochondriae. There were no changes in the MR image or the melanocyte structure in control mice injected with 0.9% NaCl (9 mice) or 0.9% NaCl containing 10% fructose. It is concluded that the changed MR image may be coupled to the metabolism in melanoma.
Introduction

In recent years, lymphography has been adopted as a method of investigation in numerous hospitals in different parts of the world. The most frequent application of the method is in cases of primary or secondary malignant neoplastic invasion of lymph nodes. Such changes have been thoroughly analysed in extensive series. Con­ siderably less attention has been devoted to the lymphographic features of non-neoplastic diseases. They have been mentioned, more or less in passing, by many authors, but the reports on longer series are few in number, and deal with the lymphographic findings in only one or two non-neoplastic diseases. No comprehensive comparative investigation of the radiographie appearance of the lymph nodes in different nonneoplastic diseases has been published, nor have the possible resemblances between the changes in non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases been studied. The purpose of the present investigation was to ascertain whether it is possible to distinguish non-neoplastic diseases from lymphomas by the aid of lymphography, and whether lymphographic changes typical of different non-neoplastic diseases and their different stages occur. An attempt was, therefore, made to discover:
Time-Resolved Transillumination of the Breast

Real-time transillumination of the breast (lightscanning) is a diag­ nostic technique based on the absorption of red and near-infrared light in the neovascular zone surrounding a malignant tumor (6, 16, 20). The method was introduced as an alternative or complement to mammography, and claimed to be of special value in women with a mammographically dense parenchyma (5). Initial studies with the technique were promising (5, 7, 12), but later results were disappointing, mainly due to the inability of lightscanning to detect small cancers and deeply situated lesions (1, 13-15). This limitation of lightscanning is due to pronounced multiple scattering of light as it passes through the tissue. A time-gating technique has been introduced to reduce the effect of light scattering (2, 3). The method is based on the concept that light which leaves the transilluminated tissue first has traveled a shorter and straighter path in the tissue than light exciting later (Fig. 1). Thus, as the "early" light is less scattered, it contains more information about the spatial localization of the absorbing lesion, i.e., the peritumoral neovascular zone (9, 11). The aim of this report is to demonstrate the time-resolved tech­ nique in an experimental setting on a phantom with optical proper­ ties similar to breast tissue in vitro.
Ability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to orient in gradients of chemotactic factors

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotaxis has been examined under conditions which allow phase microscope observations of cells responding to controlled gradients of chemotactic factors. With this visual assay, PMNs can be seen to orient rapidly and reversibly to gradients of N-formylmethionyl peptides. The level of orientation depends upon the mean concentration of peptide present as well as the concentration gradient. The response allows an estimation of the binding constant of the peptide to the cell. In optimal gradients, PMNs can detect a 1% difference in the concentration of peptide. At high cell densities, PMNs incubated with active peptides orient their locomotion away from the center of the cell population. This orientation appears to be due to inactivation of the peptides by the cells. Such inactivation in vivo could help to limit an inflammatory response.
(2E)‐1‐(3‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐3‐(4‐methylphenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one

Two new chalcones of general type (2E)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)3- (4-R-phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one are reported, one where R = methyl, C16H14O2, in the present paper, and one where R = chloro, C15H11ClO2, in the following paper Butcher, Jasinski, Narayana, Lakshmana & Yathirajan (2007). Acta Cryst. E63, o3661]. In both structures, the 3-hydroxyphenyl and 4(methyl/chloro)phenyl groups are coplanar with each other and also with the propyl-2-ketone oxygen. Crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular O-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl H atom and the propyl-2-ketone O atom.
3β,11α-Dihydroxy-17a-oxa-d-homoandrost-5-en-17-one

The title compound, C19H28O4, was prepared from DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) by its biotransformation using whole cells of the filamentous fungus Beauveria bassiana. The asymmetric unit contains two molecules. The lactone ring is trans-positioned to the neighboring six-membered ring. In the crystal structure, O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form layers, which are linked to each other by O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
1,2-Bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)-1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane

The title compound, C26H54B10P2, was obtained by the reaction of 1,2-carborane, n-butyl­lithium and dicyclo­hexyl­chloro­phosphine in diethyl ether. The mol­ecule lies on a crystallographic twofold rotation axis through the mid-point of the C—C bond of the carborane. The P atoms of the dicyclo­hexyl­phosphine groups are bonded to the two C atoms in the 1,2-dicarbaborane cage with a unique P—C distance of 1.894 (3) A.
Valores genéticos para as produções de leite do dia do controle e da lactação na raça Holandesa com diferentes modelos estatísticos

Data consisting of 263.390 test day records (PDC) of 32.448 first lactation Holstein cows were used to compare three random regression test-day models (RR), a repeatability test-day model (RM) and a 305-d lactation model (P305) for breeding value (EBV) prediction of milk yield. One RR model used the logarithmic function of Ali & Schaeffer (AS) and the other two models used the exponential Wilmink function in its standard form (W) and a modified form (W*). The required covariance parameters were previously estimated from the same covariance functions and models. Standard deviations (SD) of EBVs for bulls were similar for AS, W* and RM. SD of EBVs for cows were larger for test-day models than for P305 and for bulls they differed by -33.64 to +321.95 from the P305 depending on progeny number. SD of EBVs for bulls and cows for the W were the largest ones. Correlation between EBVs of P305 and EBVs of the other models for bulls increased as progeny number increased and ranged from 0.66 (P305-W) to 0.92 (P305-AS, P305-W*). Genetic trends were largest for RR and smaller for RM than for P305. RR models provide more information than the RM and describe the shape of the lactation curve from which EBVs for persistency can be derived. The AS was the best function to fit RR test-day models and may be an alternative to replace the lactation model for genetic evaluation of milk yield in Holstein cattle in Brazil.
Fibrosis via the TGF-β1/Smad Pathway

College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 11137, China College Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 11137, China College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 11137, China College of International Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 11137, China
GRAPHNVP: AN INVERTIBLE FLOW-BASED MODEL

We propose GraphNVP, an invertible flow-based molecular graph generation model. Existing flow-based models only handle node attributes of a graph with invertible maps. In contrast, our model is the first invertible model for the whole graph components: both dequantized node attributes and adjacency tensor are converted into latent vectors through two novel invertible flows. This decomposition yields the exact likelihood maximization on graph-structured data. We decompose the generation of a graph into two steps: generation of (i) an adjacency tensor and (ii) node attributes. We empirically demonstrate that our model and the two-step generation efficiently generates valid molecular graphs with almost no duplicated molecules, although there are no domain-specific heuristics ingrained in the model. We also confirm that the sampling (generation) of graphs is faster in order of magnitude than other models in our implementation. In addition, we observe that the learned latent space can be used to generate molecules with desired chemical properties. Finally we list open problems for this new direction of fully invertible graph generation researches.
H OW MANY WEIGHTS ARE ENOUGH : CAN TENSOR FACTORIZATION LEARN EFFICIENT POLICIES ?

Deep reinforcement learning requires a heavy price in terms of sample efficiency and overparameterization in the neural networks used for function approximation. In this work, we employ tensor factorization in order to learn more compact representations for reinforcement learning policies. We show empirically that in the low-data regime, it is possible to learn online policies with 2 to 10 times less total coefficients, with little to no loss of performance. We also leverage progress in second order optimization, and use the theory of wavelet scattering to further reduce the number of learned coefficients, by foregoing learning the topmost convolutional layer filters altogether. We evaluate our results on the Atari suite against recent baseline algorithms that represent the state-of-the-art in data efficiency, and get comparable results with an order of magnitude gain in weight parsimony.
Regional convergence of unemployment rate in Romania

In this research a convergence analysis is made for regional unemployment rate in Romania using the spatial econometrics techniques and panel data approach. For the 42 counties of Romania there is strong evidence of divergence process over the period from 1991 to 2015, only the fixed effects models being valid. The annual divergence rate was about 9.11% on this horizon and the time necessary for filling half of the gap from steady state is about 3 years. However, a spatial error model for 20002015 indicated a decrease of divergence rate for unemployment rate (5.49%), suggesting a lower degree of disparities in the last years
Refining Linked Data with Games with a Purpose∗

With the rise of linked data and knowledge graphs, the need becomes compelling to find suitable solutions to increase the coverage and correctness of data sets, to add missing knowledge and to identify and remove errors. Several approaches – mostly relying on machine learning and natural language processing techniques – have been proposed to address this refinement goal; they usually need a partial gold standard, i.e., some “ground truth” to train automatic models. Gold standards are manually constructed, either by involving domain experts or by adopting crowdsourcing and human computation solutions. In this paper, we present an open source software framework to build Games with a Purpose for linked data refinement, i.e., Web applications to crowdsource partial ground truth, by motivating user participation through fun incentive. We detail the impact of this new resource by explaining the specific data linking “purposes” supported by the framework (creation, ranking and validation of links) and by defining the respective crowdsourcing tasks to achieve those goals. We also introduce our approach for incremental truth inference over the contributions provided by players of Games with a Purpose (also abbreviated as GWAP): we motivate the need for such a method with the specificity of GWAP vs. traditional crowdsourcing; we explain and formalize the proposed process, explain its positive consequences and illustrate the results of an experimental comparison with state-of-the-art approaches. To show this resource's versatility, we describe a set of diverse applications that we built on top of it; to demonstrate its reusability and extensibility potential, we provide references to detailed documentation, including an entire tutorial which in a few hours guides new adopters to customize and adapt the framework to a new use case.
ENERGY OPTIMIZATION OF AN EXISTING BUILDING BASED ON A NEURAL NETWORK AND A GENETIC ALGORITHM

When it comes to the refurbishment of existing buildings there are different objectives; for instance, the reduction of energy consumption, global warming potential (GWP) or costs. To find the optimal solution can be very challenging. Thus, the application of a building simulation model combined with a multiobjective optimization (MOO) might be useful. However, a drawback of a numerical optimization is the computational effort. In this paper we show that the replacement of the detailed building simulation model with a neural network can reduce the computational effort for a optimization analysis. Furthermore we conclude that it could be necessary to give special attention to the errors of the meta model on the boundaries of the range of validity. In a first step, a detailed building model of an existing single-family house was developed. Based on the simulation results of this detailed model a neural network was created. A genetic algorithm was used to fulfil a multi-objective optimization for the building parameters of different retrofit measures to optimize thermal comfort, global warming potential (GWP) and costs.
A mimetic peptide of α2,6-sialyllactose promotes neuritogenesis

Oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. With the aim to find reagents that reduce oxidative stress, a phage display library was screened for peptides mimicking α2,6-sialyllactose (6′-SL), which is known to beneficially influence neural functions. Using Sambucus nigra lectin, which specifically binds to 6′-SL, we screened a phage display library and found a peptide comprising identical sequences of 12 amino acids. Mimetic peptide, reverse peptide and scrambled peptide were tested for inhibition of 6′-SL binding to the lectin. Indeed, lectin binding to 6′-SL was inhibited by the most frequently identified mimetic peptide, but not by the reverse or scrambled peptides, showing that this peptide mimics 6′-SL. Functionally, mimetic peptide, but not the reverse or scrambled peptides, increased viability and expression of neural cell adhesion molecule L1 in SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells, and promoted survival and neurite outgrowth of cultured mouse cerebellar granule neurons challenged by H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The combined results indicate that the 6′-SL mimetic peptide promotes neuronal survival and neuritogenesis, thus raising hopes for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shantou University Medical College, China (approval No. SUMC 2014-004) on February 20, 2014.
Association between family dinner frequency and mental health in children and adolescents; the CASPIAN-V study

Abstract This cross-sectional study was conducted among 14,400 Iranian students, aged 7–18 years to determine the association between the frequency of family dinner and mental health. Family dinner frequency, family relationship, life satisfaction (LS), self-perceived health and anxiety were assessed by validated questionnaires. Of 14,274 participants, 50.6% were boys and 71.4% were urban residents, with a mean (SD) age of 12.28 (3.16) years. Family dinner frequency was significantly correlated with LS (boys: β = 0.27, p < .001; girls: β = 0.26, p < .001) and socio-economic status (boys: β = 0.05, p < .001; girls: β = 0.02, p < .001). A significant inverse association was observed between family dinner frequency and family relationship with anxiety, which was more evident in boys than in girls (p < .05). This study underscores the important role of family dinner frequency with lower anxiety in children as well as a better family relationship with better LS.