Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adoption of I2 Vaccine in Immunization of Village Chickens against Newcastle Disease Virus in Southern Tanzania: Immune Status of Farmer Vaccinated Birds

Newcastle disease (ND) is an economically important disease of poultry for which vaccination is applied as a preventive measure in many countries. In June 2009 we conducted a survey to establish the immune status of village chickens against ND virus in villages where vaccination programs, using thermotolerant ND I2 vaccine were adopted by farmers in southern Tanzania. One hundred farmers from ten villages in three district councils were involved. Blood samples were collected from 499 chickens and sera harvested for Hemmagglutination Inhibition (HI) test. Results indicated that 73.3% of the sampled birds had protective levels of antibodies against ND virus. A significantly large proportional of vaccinated adult chickens attained protective immunity as compared to growers and chicks. We recommend advocating ND I2 in other village chicken keeping communities of the country for ND control. Additionally farmers need to be educated on control measures for other important diseases of village chickens.
Data-driven Market Segmentation in Tourism – Approaches, Changes Over Two Decades and Development Potential

Market segmentation studies have become very common in tourism research. While the majority of studies follow an a priori segmentation approach by profiling certain subgroups of the tourism market that are defined in advance, the popularity of post-hoc, a posteriori or data-driven segmentation approaches has increased dramatically since its introduction into tourism research in the early Eighties. This paper aims at reviewing data-driven segmentation studies conducted in tourism research with respect to the constructs under study and the methodology used, investigating developments over the past 24 years since the introduction of data-driven segmentation into tourism and providing an outlook on directions of further development.
Demographic Trends, Fiscal Policy and Trade Deficits

In this paper, I argue that demographic factors play a central role in accounting for the trade deficit experienced by the U.S. during the last three decades. The main idea is that cross-country demographic differentials lead to adjustments in savings and investments which are associated with international capital flows towards relatively young and rapidly growing economies. I develop a tractable two-country framework with life-cycle structure that formalizes this intuition. The model permits to illustrate analytically and quantitatively the contribution of demographic variables in determining the equilibrium trade balance. I show that persistent differences in population aging can explain a significant fraction of the negative trend in the U.S. trade balance. Notably, the explicit consideration of the demographic transition also helps to reconcile the dynamics of the trade balance with the evolution of the U.S. fiscal deficits and generates a declining pattern for the real interest rate broadly consistent with the data
Monetary policy , accounting conservatism and trade credit q

http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.cjar. 2015.09. 002 1755-3091/ 2015 Sun Yat-sen University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). q The authors thank the executive editor and the anonymous referees for their helpful suggestions. This study was supported National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 71202170), and The Importation and Development of High-Caliber Project of Beijing Municipal Institutions (Project No. CIT&TCD201504003). ⇑ Corresponding author at: International School of Business, Beijing International Studies University, No. 1, Nanli Community, Town, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100024, China. E-mail addresses: daibb@bisu.edu. cn (B. Dai), yf5236741@163.com (F. Yang). Bingbin Dai ⇑, Fan Yang
KINANTHROPOMETRIC PROFILE OF PORTUGUESE WATER POLO PLAYERS

Our purpose was to describe physical and training background characteristics of Water Polo players and compare them according to their specialized playing positions. The International Working Group of Kinanthropometry guidelines were followed. A one-way unvaried measure ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc was used to develop a multiple comparisons procedure between the specialized playing positions (α=0.05). It was concluded that the center players presented tendency for the highest values in 8 of the 10 parameters studied. Center backs are older than the drivers and center forwards have a higher BMI than the wingers and the goalkeepers. The somatotype is balanced mesomorph. Center forwards and Drivers tend to get closer endomorphy when compared with the remaining positions.
Spoiling of Transverse Magnetization in Steady-State Sequences

In a spin-echo magnetic resonance sequence a phase encoding gradient magnetic field (39) is applied after the 180 rephasing pulse (32). After detection of the spin-echo signal (33) the position dependent phases are compensated for by applying a further gradient mag netic field (39), identical in size but opposite in sign. The phase difference (db32,1-db31,1) between the RF pulses (311,321) applied within a sequence is constant over the sequences. With no position dependent effects left at the end of a sequence the next sequence can be started immediately following the earlier one. A repeti tion time TR substantially shorter than the spin-spin relaxation time T2 is feasible, thereby developing a steady state of the magnetization. ATR of 50 ms or less can be obtained, as well as strong signals for long T2 substances and good T2 contrast. RF spoiling by chang ing phases of RF-pulses in subsequent sequences can destroy the T2 signal and provide images with pure T Contrast,
Fundamental Tests of Quantum Mechanics using Two-Photon Entanglement

In this thesis, we experimentally test fundamental properties of quantum mechanics, namely non-locality (in the form of three new families of Bell’s inequalities) and the symmetry of envariance. To accomplish these we use a Sagnac source of polarization entangled photon pairs. In chapters one and two we discuss the relevant background information in quantum information theory, nonlinear optics, experimental realization of polarization entangled photons and a trouble-shooting and maintenance guide for a Saganc source. In chapter three we experiment with a set of three newly derived families of Bell’s inequalities. These three families are predicted to yield the largest volume of violation of the local hidden variable models (LHVM). Our experimental results are in good agreement with those predictions and therefore, represent the largest volume of experimental violation of LHVM to date. We showed a violation of up to 30σ from what is predicted by LHVM, and our results followed closely to the predictions of quantum mechanics. In chapter four we experimentally test envariance, an assisted-symmetry exhibited by specific quantum systems. Envariance is a fundamental property in the quantum world that has lacked, until now, extensive experimental study. The symmetry has ramifications in the foundations of quantum mechanics, and plays an integral role in a proof of Born’s rule [1]. Our results serve as a benchmark the property of envariance. We show that experimental quantum states can be (99.66± 0.04)% envariant over a wide range of transformations, as measured using the average quantum fidelity [2], and (99.963± 0.005)% as measured using a modified average Bhattacharya Coefficient [3], a measure of the overlap of two probability distributions.
Solvothermal Synthesis of Advanced Composite Materials

7 ABSTRAKT. 9 CHAPTER 1 . 11 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND . 11 1. SOLVOTHERMAL SYNTHESIS . 11 1.1 Solvothermal synthesis . 11 2. SOLVOTHERMAL AND TiO2 SYNTHESIS . 12 3. INTELLEGINT FLIUDS . 15 4. RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ER FLUIDS . 16 4.1 Shear stress . 16 4.2 Yield stress . 16 4.3 Viscoelastic measurements . 17 5. PARAMETERS INFLUENCING ER EFFECT . 17 5.1 Electric field strength. 17 5.2 Volume fraction, particle size and shape . 18 5.3 Dielectric properties . 19 5.4 Temperature . 19 6. MATERIALS USED FOR ER SYSTEM . 20 6.1. Organic materials . 20 6.2. Inorganic materials . 20 6.3. Organic/ inorganic composites . 21 6.4. TiO2 ER effect. 22 6.5. Polypyrrole synthesis . 22 6.5.1 Chemical synthesis . 22 6.5.2 Electrochemical synthesis . 23 7. ER MECHANISM . 24 7.1 Polarization model . 24 7.2 Conduction model . 25 7.3 Dielectric loss model. 26 8. AIMS OF THE THESIS . 28
Morphological Features of Porcine Oviductal Epithelial Cells and Cumulus-Oocyte Complex

Porcine oviductal epithelial cells (POEC) and cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were observed using inverted microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. At follicular phase, POEC contained a great number of long ciliated cells whereas those at luteal phase consisted mostly of round shaped nonciliated cells with short microvilli on the apical surface. This change in morphological features of POEC seemed to serve well on their functions as oocyte transporters at follicular phase. As for COCs, they were morphologically classified into 4 types based on the accumulation and arrangement of cumulus cells around the oocytes. These were intact cumulus cell layer, single cumulus cell layer, partial cumulus cell layer and completely denuded oocytes at the percentages of composition of 19.87%, 18.13 %, 28.88 % and 33.12 %, respectively. Cumulus cells attached on the surface of oocytes were teardrop-like shape having the conical ends pointed towards the oocytes membrane surface while free-floating cumulus cells in the follicular fluid and those at the outer layers were round in shape. These POEC and COCs were high potential feeder cells and could be further cultured for in vitro fertilization use.
An Experiment in Deploying Next Generation Network Protocols

This paper presents IPdmux – a network-layer infrastructure that serves as a general-purpose deployment vehicle for next-generation network protocols. For each new network protocol, IPdmux provides a network-level access path between any end-user and the (approximately) closest router supporting the new protocol. IPdmux thus ensures that even partial deployments of new protocols are easily accessible by the global Internet user population. We present the design and implemention of IPdmux which we then use to experiment with three next-generation IP architectures – IPv6, FRM (a new protocol for global network-layer multicast) and i3 (a rendezvous-based network architecture). Our experiences suggest new networklayer architectures can easily leverage IPdmux to aid their deployment. Moreover, our evaluation through simulation, measurement and wide-area deployment indicates that even small-sized IPdmux deployments can yield reasonable endto-end performance for partially deployed next generation architectures.
Signatures of Rossby wave modulations in aerosol optical depth over the central Himalayan region

Abstract. Long-period modulations are shown in aerosol optical depth measured by the Microtops II Sun photometer over a high-altitude site the central Himalayan region (Nainital, 29.4° N, 79.5° E, 1958 m a.m.s.l.) for the first time. Fourier analysis of aerosol optical depth showed dominant 25–45 day oscillations observed in MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectro radiometer data. Further, a Hovmiller diagram showed westward (northward) propagation at a different longitude (latitude), confirming that the modulations are associated with Rossby waves. It is also shown that the Rossby wave amplitude causes an additional warming of 4.16 ± 0.98 W m−2 over the observational site. Hence, the present study illustrates the importance of wave-induced aerosol dynamics and the corresponding radiative effects.
UTILIZATION OF POLYCLONAL ANTIBODIES PRODUCED IN LOCAL HORSES (EQUUS CABALLUS) AS A RESOURCE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ELISA CONJUGATE TO DETECT HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) SURFACE ANTIGENS

The aim of this study was to utilize the antibody produced using Indonesia local horses (Equuscaballus) to make the conjugate of ELISA kit for detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen(HBsAg). The polyclonal antibodies were isolated and purified from local horses immunized repeatedlyusing isolated and purified HBsAg from Indonesia. The antibodies were conjugated with horseradishperoxidase by a modified method of Nakane and Kawaoi. The conjugate activities were performed usingthe principle of ELISA test conducted by the researchers as well as by independent laboratory.Commercial conjugate for HBsAg ELISA was used as a comparison study. The results of this studyindicated that the antibody produced from local horses can be used to make conjugates that werecomparable to commercial HBsAg ELISA kit.
Assessment of Posterior Cruciate Ligament injury using the merchant view

Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify a radiological diagnosis of PCL injury using standard, easily obtained plain radiographs. Methods: Between January 2009 and December 2012, 34 patients met study inclusion criteria. Retrospective evaluation was performed on radiographs with patients demonstrating a PCL injury. Findings on the merchant view were correlated with clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and intraoperative findings. The exclusion criteria were other associated ligamentous injury to either knee, prior surgery to either knee or an abnormal contralateral knee. A control group of 40 patients with PCL intact knees was also assessed. Measurements were made on the merchant view to describe a radiological sign, the “tibial drop off”. Results: Thirty four patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Patients with a definitive PCL rupture clearly demonstrated asymmetry in the tibial drop off between the injured knee and the normal knee. This difference was present in all injured patients. The mean PCL injured knee tibial drop off was 16.59mm (SD 2.69), compared to 3.74mm (SD 1.02) in the uninjured knee. This difference was highly statistically significant (P < .01). There was no difference in the tibial drop off between knees in the control group and no difference between the control group and the normal knee in the PCL injured group (P = .34). Conclusion: Injury to the PCL can be identified on the merchant view obtained as part of the standard knee series radiological assessment. This investigation is readily available to all clinicians and may help guide treatment and further imaging.
Chemical composition of the plant Punica granatum L. (Pomegranate) and its effect on heart and cancer

In this report, the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae) have been reviewed. In the past decade, numerous studies on the antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties of pomegranate constituents have been published, focusing on treatment and prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dental conditions, erectile dysfunction, bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance, and ultraviolet radiation-induced skin damage. Other potential applications include infant brain ischemia, male infertility, Alzheimer’s disease, arthritis and obesity. Key words: Punica granatum L. , pomegranate, chemical composition, pharmacological activities.
Stability A Networked Control System with Random Time Delays

This paper investigates the effect of time delays on the stability of generator excitation control system. The time delays are due to the use of measurement devices Communication links for data transfer and controller processing time. The stability with respect to the time delay is theoretically analyzed and a formula to determine the maximum amount of time delay known as delay margin that the system can tolerate without losing its stability is presented. It is found that the excitation control system becomes unstable when the time delay crosses certain critical values, delay margins for stability. The main objective of this paper is to control the stability of generator excitation by PI controller, fuzzy and smith predictive controller, and to compare the results obtained by the two methods.
Picigin as a water sport: Early study

All forms of sports recreation are objects of research in kinesiology. Some games are, from the culturological and regional point of view, more important than established and recognized sports or sports disciplines. Therefore, it is important to obtain an insight about them as well. Picigin is such a game. In order to understand it better, we determined kinematic parameters important for its description and compared them with corresponding parameters of some recognized sports. The research was focused on movement intensity and volume extensity. Instruments and algorithms for movement estimation and detection have been investigated. Obtained results confirmed differences in movement intensity and volume for different playing positions. Also, results implied that picigin does not fall behind some other sports games regarding observed kinematic parameters. Graphical presentation of obtained results showed continuity in movement of picigin players and confirmed the dynamic character of the game. Therefore, it can be considered a high-intensity sports game.
Variation of gene effects of six agronomic traits with water regimes in durum wheat

This study was carried out to determine the relative importance of additive, dominance and epistatic effects of six agronomic traits evaluated in two crosses under irrigated and rainfed conditions. Separate generations mean analyses revealed that gene effects were dependent upon water regime. Under irrigated regime, only additive and dominance effects were implicated in inheritance of all traits, except plant height in the two crosses and grains per spike in the cross Razzek × Chili. However, under rainfed condition, additive, dominance and epistasis effects were induced in the genetic control of these traits. Thus, epistasis effect was water regime depended and seems to play a significant role in the genetic adaptability of populations. The variation of inheritance and the presence of genetic interactions complicate the procedure of breeding. Under irrigated regime, selection would be simpler because only additive and dominance effects were implicated in the genetic control of all traits. Consequently, the genetic mechanism would not be stable when plants are grown in environment with lower water availability. However, for the stability of suitable cultivars, selection under rainfed condition (lower water availability) was suggested. The moderate to high narrow-sense heritability estimates for the majority of traits indicate that selection would be efficient. Keywords : Durum wheat, epistatic effect, genetic adaptability, heritability, water regime African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(15), pp. 1769-1773
Is it Institutional or System Trust: Mediating the Effect of Generational Cohort Membership on Online Banking Intentions

A cross sectional survey of Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) users (N = 559) was conducted to investigate the mediation effect of institutional and system trust on generational differences in online banking intentions. Results of serial mediation models showed that the effect of age on online banking intentions was best mediated through the serial combination of institutional and system trust, respectively. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Effect of team teaching and being the teacher native or non-native on EFL students' English language proficiency

This study attempted to investigate the effect of the use of co-teaching, being the teacher native or nonnative, and the students' language proficiency level on first year university students' achievement in English. The sample of the study consisted of twelve male students' classroom sections, four sections of level one, four sections of level three and four sections of level six. The same number of sections was chosen from the female students classes in the second semester of the academic year 2012/2013. Then, one male and one female sections of each level were taught by two native teachers; two were taught by non-native teachers, two sections were taught by one native and one non-native teachers, and two sections were taught by single teachers. An English language proficiency test, which its validity and reliability were established, was used twice as a pre and post test. The results of the study did not reveal significant differences between the male and female students' mean scores except in level one. They also revealed that co-teaching, in general, resulted in achieving higher improvement in the students mean scores in comparisons with the students who were taught by a single teacher regardless of the students' gender and level of English language proficiency. They also revealed that a combination between a native and a non-native teacher resulted in better achievement in the students mean scores in comparisons with the students who were taught by a single teacher, two native teachers, or by two non-native teachers.
Advanced Digital Terrain Analysis Using Roughness-Dissectivity Parameters in GIS

The local variation of terrain properties causes profound changes in the biosphere, microclimate, hydrologic cycle, and in the distribution of human activities on this planet. With the dawn of computerized technology, the terrain is represented in a digital form and new methods are needed to effectively describe, evaluate and quantify terrain properties. The purpose of this project is to develop new methods and procedures for terrain analyses within a GIS environment. The focus is to develop tools for capturing the local terrain variability. The selected parameters such as the hypsometric integral (modified Martonne’s index), roughness index, and basic statistical measures (mean, range and variance) are combined with newly developed dissectivity parameters, drainage lengths and landuse characteristics in one unified package and programmed in GIS using the ARC Macro Language (AML). The digital terrain data from this analysis can then be correlated with other spatial information to determine the influence of terrain properties on the ecosystem or other variables of interest including the human systems.
Coupled Substitutions in Schorl-Dravite Tourmaline: New Evidence from SE Ireland

Abstract Analyses of tourmaline and coexisting muscovite in tourmaline-bearing rocks from SE Ireland indicate that the content of Si in tourmaline is not fixed but is dependent on bulk chemistry, varying inversely with Al. Zoning patterns within tourmaline reflect this and, despite theoretical objections, substitution of Si by Al in the tetrahedral site must occur in nature. Ti may also substitute for Si. Ca and Ti are generally involved in a coupled substitution. Estimates of the degree of alkali-defect and proton-loss substitution in SE Ireland tourmalines indicate that the former process is at least as important as the latter and that bulk chemistry is important in determining which substitution occurs. The general importance of alkali-defect substitution and Al⇌Si suggests that the most useful way to treat microprobe data for schorl-dravite tourmalines is to assume the presence of 3B and 4(OH) and calculate on the basis of 24.5 oxygen atoms.
DESIGN FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING: A CREATIVE APPROACH

This paper introduces a new method for early stages of Design For Additive Manufacturing. It aims at supporting designers in the generation of creative concepts in AM. A review of current DFAM methods, shows that some of them already integrate creative approaches based on the use of examples. However, a comparison of these methods highlights that the generated concepts are only partially creative. We then assert that a method based on an association between intra-domain examples and far-domain examples as a source of inspiration could foster the generation of creative concepts.