Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of Space-Time Block Codes in Urban Microcells: the Effect of Antennas

Abstract– Performance of space-time transmission depends onthe spatial characteristics of antennas and the propagation en-vironment. In this paper, we evaluate bit error rate performanceof space-time block codes with two and four transmit anten-nas using various antenna conﬁgurations and urban microcellchannel measurements. Our results indicate that, with realisticdual-branch mobile handset antennas, it is possible to achieveperformance very close to that of the ideal Rayleigh iid case.However, proximity of operator tissue (e.g. head) will degradethe performance by several decibels. We also highlight thetrade-offs between directional and omni-directional antennapatterns. I. Introduction A number of space-time transmission techniques have beenproposed to improve the spectral efﬁciency and reliability ofwireless links. Performance of such techniques is typicallyevaluated using simple channel models, e.g. Rayleigh or Riceprobability models. While such models are useful in initialsystem design and analytic studies, they are unable to capturethe combined effect of real-world radio channels and handsetantennas on system performance. In particular, antenna pat-terns of real-world mobile handsets are not omnidirectional,and angular power spectrum of the propagation environmentis typically not uniform over azimuth. As a result, directivityand orientation of the antenna patterns play an important rolein deﬁning system performance. Furthermore, with MIMO sys-tems, two or more antennas with very small element spacinghave to be integrated in the handset, hence potentially increas-ing spatial correlation between receiver branches. As an exam-ple, consider the case of two receive antennas. With directionalpatterns, the received signal level degrades when the antenna isoriented in a direction where little signal power is arriving, see‘dir2’ in Fig. 1. This may be mitigated by pointing the patternsin different directions (‘dir1’ in Fig. 1). In this case, however,it is likely that the two branches receive most of the timedifferent average powers, which, in turn, will degrade systemperformance. Neither antenna orientation or receiver branchpower imbalance is an issue for omnidirectional patterns (‘iso’in Fig. 1), but on the other hand spatial correlation may bea problem if element spacing is small. More disturbingly,such patterns are difﬁcult to implement in a small mobilehandset, especially when operator tissue (e.g. hand or a head)is close to the antenna. To summarize, the three main factors
Microwave and millimetre wave antipodal Vivaldi antenna with trapezoid-shaped dielectric lens for imaging of construction materials

High-quality microwave and millimetre wave imaging of construction materials and structures requires ultra-wideband (UWB) techniques to provide high-range resolution as well as a reasonable penetration depth. A modified compact microwave and millimetre wave UWB antipodal Vivaldi antenna is designed and presented in this study. First, the conventional antipodal Vivaldi antenna is designed as a reference antenna. Then, to provide the desired frequency range (3.4-40 GHz) with increased gain at its lower frequencies, the slit edge technique is applied, thus creating a periodic slit edge antipodal Vivaldi antenna (PSEAVA). Finally, a trapezoid-shaped dielectric lens (TDL) as an extension of the substrate is added and optimised to increase gain and directivity at higher frequencies of the frequency range, creating PSEAVA with a TDL (PSEAVA-TDL). The results show that the PSEAVA-TDL has the highest gain (up to 16 dB) and front-to-back ratio (up to 37.5 dB), and the narrowest half power beamwidth (down to 11.7°). A prototype of the proposed PSEAVA-TDL with compact size of 40 × 90 × 0.508 mm 3 is fabricated and applied for the imaging of samples made of construction materials. High-range resolution images of the samples are obtained with this antenna by using synthetic aperture radar algorithm.
The interaction of predictive processing and similarity-based retrieval interference: an ERP study

ABSTRACT Language processing requires memory retrieval to integrate current input with previous context and making predictions about upcoming input. We propose that prediction and retrieval are two sides of the same coin, i.e. functionally the same, as they both activate memory representations. Under this assumption, memory retrieval and prediction should interact: Retrieval interference can only occur at a word that triggers retrieval and a fully predicted word would not do that. The present study investigated the proposed interaction with event-related potentials (ERPs) during the processing of sentence pairs in German. Predictability was measured via cloze probability. Memory retrieval was manipulated via the position of a distractor inducing proactive or retroactive similarity-based interference. Linear mixed model analyses provided evidence for the hypothesised interaction in a broadly distributed negativity, which we discuss in relation to the interference ERP literature. Our finding supports the proposal that memory retrieval and prediction are functionally the same.
Onebusaway: improving the usability of public transit

Public transit systems play an important role in providing transportation mobility to a significant portion of the community, while at the same time combating traffic congestion, reducing carbon emissions, and promoting compact, sustainable urban communities. We can help existing riders and encourage new riders by enhancing the usability of public transit through good transit traveler information systems. I describe OneBusAway, a set of transit tools focused on providing real-time information to transit riders in the Puget Sound region of Washington State. I present our design investigations into the barriers to wider use of public transit and describe a principled framework for prioritization of future enhancements of OneBusAway. I present a number of specific enhancements, including work in the area of intelligent, real-time trip planning and service alerts in the mobile domain, as well as crowd-sourcing the validation of public transit data, both describing the motivation for these tools and their evaluation. Finally, I present evaluations of OneBusAway that demonstrate the value of the system across a variety of measures. I specifically show how OneBusAway improves satisfaction with public transit, reduces wait times, increases transit usage, encourages walking, and improves perception of safety among riders.
Multi-objective Gaussian particle swarm algorithm optimization based on niche sorting for actuator design

With the fast-developing electromagnetic valve actuator, multi-objective optimal methods for actuator problems have been widely concerned in recent years. This article presents a modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm based on sorting method and employs it to the product design of the actuator. The simulation results show that modified optimization algorithm could obtain a better Pareto front in contrast to classical non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II method, meanwhile preserving the high capacity of fast solving of non-dominated solutions.
Modern cryptanalysis of the Truppenschlüssel

Abstract Truppenschlüssel (troop cipher) was a manual cipher used by the German Army during World War II. Based on more than a hundred authentic messages that survived the war, a cryptanalysis is performed. The exact encryption procedure is investigated via two plaintext-ciphertext compromises. A specific ciphertext-only breaking tool is developed, utilizing the hill climbing technique. This leads to successful breaks of most of the messages.
Digital Temperature Tracking in Porous Media Burners

Combustion in porous media burners presents considerable advantages over free flame burners due to several outstanding features inter alia clean and highly efficient combustion properties allowing a considerable amount of feedback energy from the flame area to preheat the mixture of fuel and air resulting in a considerable reduction of unavoidable pollutant formations appearing e.g. as the emission of CO and NOX. In addition, porous media burners are manufactured in highly compact small sizes suitable to industrial and household heating characteristic applications. Heat transfer between solid and gas depends mainly on the porous thermophysical properties of the component known as the solid matrix. These systems are characterized by the formation of a combustion flame pulse or wave which can travel inside the burner, depending on the operating conditions at velocities of about 0.1 mm/s. In this paper, a new temperature tracking scheme is proposed based on digital image processing to determine the position and the velocity of the thermal profile. Results showed reduced errors in the estimation of the peak temperature position using digital image analysis compared to conventional thermocouple-based measurements techniques.
Shock Compression of Marine Bacterial Cells Enclosed in Aluminum Container

To obtain basic data for ballast water management, we examined the lethal effects of shock waves on a marine Vibrio. In the present experiment, shock waves were generated by hitting a projectile, which had been accelerated with a single-stage light gas gun, in an aluminum container having a cylindrical well where cell suspension was tightly maintained. We compared the shock wave effects to the isolate by use of two types of target containers with 5 and 25 mm well depths respectively. In the case of the shallow well, a lethal effect of shock compression was readily observed, but this did not occur for the deep well. Detailed pressure histories showed completely different peak patterns for the two well types. The propagation process of the shock wave was also analyzed theoretically and numerically. Results suggested that the lethal effects of shock waves are closely related to a narrow, rapid pressure change that occurs initially or a broad pressure change after the initial peak, rather than to the maximum pressure value.
STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION FOR EARTHQUAKE LOADING WITH NONLINEAR RESPONSES BY SURROGATE MODELING BASED EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS

An efficient methodology is proposed to design optimization of structures subjected to earthquake time history loading considering nonlinear structural response. It is clear that the structural optimization for transient time history loading is a computationally intensive task, especially when the nonlinear response is concerned. In the proposed hybrid methodology particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), probabilistic neural network (PNN), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and wavelet transforms (WT) techniques are combined to achieve the optimization task. In order to investigate the efficiency of the proposed methodology, a 72-bar space steel tower is designed for optimal weight for El Centro earthquake. The numerical results demonstrate the efficiency and computational advantages of the proposed methodology.
A Study on the Application of Distance-Weighting to ERAM Model

The purpose of this study is to verify whether to improve the explanatory power by introducing and applying distance-weighting concept to the ERAM model, one of spatial analysis techniques. Introduction of distance-weighting to the ERAM model was tried in an existing study, but it showed lower explanatory power than the original ERAM model, to which distance-weighting concept is not applied. In the existing research, movement distance is in reverse proportion to accessibility, which is problematic. Moreover, this study proposed new distance-weighting functions, not the reciprocal of distance(1/D) from the existing study. The original ERAM model, the existing distance-weighted ERAM model, and the distance-weighted ERAM model with newly proposed distance-weighting functions in this study were used for analyzing two regions in Seoul, Insadong and Myeongdong. In these regions, the correlation tests between the analysis results and the pedestrian movement rate showed that the distance-weighted ERAM model with the newly proposed distance-weighting functions has higher explanatory power than the original ERAM Model and the existing distance-weighted ERAM Model. In particular, the case of applying 'W=1-D/250' function as distance-weighting function showed the highest explanatory power among the three functions proposed in this study. This study reveals that the distance-weighting concept can contribute to improve the explanatory power of the ERAM model to human movement behavior, which opposes to conclusion of the existing study. However, further studies need to be done more deeply and extensively to find out the final form of distance-weighting function.
Business Process Extraction Using Static Analysis

Business process mining of a large-scale project has many benefits such as finding vulnerabilities, improving processes, collecting data for data science, generating more clear and simple representation, etc. The general way of process mining is to turn event data such as application logs into insights and actions. Observing logs broad enough to depict the whole business logic scenario of a large project can become very costly due to difficult environment setup, unavailability of users, presence of not reachable or hardly reachable log statements, etc. Using static source code analysis to extract logs and arranging them perfect runtime execution order is a potential way to solve the problem and reduce the business process mining operation cost.
A SURVEY ON IDENTIFICATION OF RANKING FRAUD FOR MOBILE APPLICATIONS

Now a day, mobile App is an exceptionally prevalent and surely understood idea because of the quick progression in the portable innovation and cell phones. Because of the extensive number of versatile Apps, ranking fraud is the key test before the versatile App market. In this paper we are proposing a ranking fraud discovery framework for portable Apps. The proposed framework mines the leading sessions, for example, leading sessions of portable applications to precisely find the ranking fraud. Other than this, by displaying Apps ranking, rating and review practices utilizing measurable theories tests, we examine three sorts of confirmations, they are ranking based proofs, rating based proofs and review based confirmations. Proposed an aggregation method to combine all the proof for fraud detection.
DOE Advanced Scientific Computing Advisory Subcommittee (ASCAC) Report: Top Ten Exascale Research Challenges

Exascale computing systems are essential for the scientific fields that will transform the 21st century global economy, including energy, biotechnology, nanotechnology, and materials science. Progress in these fields is predicated on the ability to perform advanced scientific and engineering simulations, and analyze the deluge of data. On July 29, 2013, ASCAC was charged by Patricia Dehmer, the Acting Director of the Office of Science, to assemble a subcommittee to provide advice on exascale computing. This subcommittee was directed to return a list of no more than ten technical approaches (hardware and software) that will enable the development of a system that achieves the Department's goals for exascale computing. Numerous reports over the past few years have documented the technical challenges and the non¬-viability of simply scaling existing computer designs to reach exascale. The technical challenges revolve around energy consumption, memory performance, resilience, extreme concurrency, and big data. Drawing from these reports and more recent experience, this ASCAC subcommittee has identified the top ten computing technology advancements that are critical to making a capable, economically viable, exascale system.
Model Construction and Servo Parameter Determination of Industrial Mechatronic Servo Systems Based on Contour Control Performance.

Mechatronic servo systems such as industrial robot arms and NC machine tools are used as actual production lines and assembly lines. Accurate modelling is required for controller design of the mechatronic servo systems. In this paper, a model for the controller design of industrial mechatronic servo systems is derived. Based on the proposed model, a method for determining the servo parameters in the servo controller of industrial mechatronic servo systems is proposed. The method is based on a model of the mechatronic servo systems and the effectiveness of the method is assured by the experimental results.
Simulation of Airflow Distribution in Stored Bulk Grain

Drying (to remove moisture) and aeration (to remove heat) are important unit operations during grain storage. In most practical cases however, substantial amount of losses in terms of energy, product quality and consumer value is recorded. The foundation of an efficient aeration/ drying system depends on the proper understanding of the airflow resistance properties and the pressure drop characteristics of grain beds. The airflow distribution through stored grain may be determined using physical experiments or predicted using mathematical models. Full-scale experimental studies are expensive and time consuming. On the other hand, validated mathematical models are more versatile and may be used for different storage structures and in different geographical locations. Several mathematical models are available to predict the pressure drop patterns in grain bins. The review highlights the governing equations for these models and their applications. Research work in this field would facilitate design of efficient drying/ aeration systems with appropriate configurations, prediction of equipment performance, process optimization and overall process control.
Manufacturing parts optimization in the three‐dimensional printing process by the Taguchi method

Abstract The functional requirements of three‐dimensional printing systems are speed, accuracy and the strength of the green‐part. However, these functional indices are significantly affected by the properties of the adopted materials and the manufacturing process parameters of the rapid prototyping machine. The four most important process parameters were systematically investigated in this study. Using the ANOVA analysis techniques of the Taguchi method and adjusting the shrinkage setup values, we determined the optimal parameter setup values for NCKU‐1 powder and reduced the dimensional accuracy error to ±0.08 mm, ±0.07 mm and ±0.06 mm in the X‐, Y‐and Z‐direction, respectively. The results also show that these optimized parameters can shorten building time by 9.57% and increase flexural stress by 31.27%. Finally, the quality properties were also examined separately for ZP 100 and NCKU‐1 powder. It is concluded that building time decreased by 16.5%, binder consumption was reduced by 35.4% and flexural stress increased 172.88% if the powder was changed from ZP 100 to NCKU‐1.
Op Amp Design in Nanoscale Processes Using Fixed-Length Devices

Analog integrated circuit design has become increasingly difficult in modern fabrication processes. The motivation for digital speed has posed problems for mixed-signal projects that wish to implement digital and analog blocks on the same chip. With the introduction of multigate transistors (also known as FinFETs), the challenges for analog design increase. This is due to the fact that FinFET devices will no longer have a continuum of width and lengths sizes (as previous technologies have exhibited), but instead, these parameters are now quantized. This work proposes a potential solution to the fixed-length problem, in a topology termed the “series-stack”. Foundries plan to launch the FinFET technology with a number of fixed-sized transistors (typically with minimum length). To the digital designer, this poses little problem, but for analog circuits, not being able to control device length compromises the ability to meet gain specifications. This work explores a simple method for implementing longer devices: connecting transistors in series, herein called series-stack. To test the feasibility of this architecture, a two-stage CMOS operational amplifier is designed. In lieu of application-specific design constraints, a structure strategy is presented. A key motivation for the series-stack as well as the design strategy is to bring the analog design process up a level of abstraction. The amplifier was planned to be put through the entire design cycle, from conception to lab testing, giving insight into the accuracy of simulation models. Schematic and post-layout results were collected from the TSMC 65nm kit. Analysis of the results yield obvious simulation discrepancies. Namely, the schematic simulation vastly overestimates the parasitic resistances and capacitances when using finger-gate techniques. This is an important problem for which possible solutions are discussed. Additionally, the results show significant differences between conventional bulk length and series-stack, with a relative error spanning from 2% to 20% depending on the performance metric. Yet, most discrepancies are expected, and the two implementations follow similar trends with respect to current density and length. A final verdict cannot be delivered until physical chip testing is conducted, which is left to future work (complications in timeline did not allow for the lab test results to be included). Although chip testing was not completed, a thorough testing plan is formulated. Despite physical testing, the series-stack is deemed a suitable alternative to long transistor designs, especially when considering the organizational advantages at the layout level.
Methods and tools for causal discovery and causal inference

Causality is a complex concept, which roots its developments across several fields, such as statistics, economics, epidemiology, computer science, and philosophy. In recent years, the study of causal relationships has become a crucial part of the Artificial Intelligence community, as causality can be a key tool for overcoming some limitations of correlation‐based Machine Learning systems. Causality research can generally be divided into two main branches, that is, causal discovery and causal inference. The former focuses on obtaining causal knowledge directly from observational data. The latter aims to estimate the impact deriving from a change of a certain variable over an outcome of interest. This article aims at covering several methodologies that have been developed for both tasks. This survey does not only focus on theoretical aspects. But also provides a practical toolkit for interested researchers and practitioners, including software, datasets, and running examples.
An Experimental Investigation of the Aeroelastic Instability of the Suspension Bridges.

In the previous report the authors suggested that the flutter speed of a two-dimensional suspension bridge could be estimated by the linearized flutter theory including the nonsteady linearized aerodynamic force terms, the values of which were obtained from a sectional partial model experiments. In this report that linearized flutter equations for a three-dimensional suspension bridge are given, which are derived from the strip theory as in the case of an aircraft. The results of wind tunnel experiments with a complete threedimensional model and a partial sectional model are given. Comparison of these results with the values calculated from the equations stated above using the experimental nonsteady linearized aerodynamic force terms shows considerably good agreement. Therefore it can be concluded that we may be able to estimate the flutter speeds of three-dimensional suspension bridges using the flutter equations with the measured nonsteady aerodynamic forces.