Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inflation in maximal gauged supergravities

We discuss the dynamics of multiple scalar fields and the possibility of realistic inflation in the maximal gauged supergravity. In this paper, we address this problem in the framework of recently discovered 1-parameter deformation of SO(4,4) and SO(5,3) dyonic gaugings, for which the base point of the scalar manifold corresponds to an unstable de Sitter critical point. In the gauge-field frame where the embedding tensor takes the value in the sum of the {\bf 36} and {\bf 36'} representations of SL(8), we present a scheme that allows us to derive an analytic expression for the scalar potential. With the help of this formalism, we derive the full potential and gauge coupling functions in analytic forms for the SO(3)× SO(3)-invariant subsectors of SO(4,4) and SO(5,3) gaugings, and argue that there exist no new critical points in addition to those discovered so far. For the SO(4,4) gauging, we also study the behavior of 6-dimensional scalar fields in this sector near the Dall'Agata-Inverso de Sitter critical point at which the negative eigenvalue of the scalar mass square with the largest modulus goes to zero as the deformation parameter s approaches a critical value sc. We find that when the deformation parameter s is taken sufficiently close to the critical value, inflation lasts more than 60 e-folds even if the initial point of the inflaton allows an O(0.1) deviation in Planck units from the Dall'Agata-Inverso critical point. It turns out that the spectral index ns of the curvature perturbation at the time of the 60 e-folding number is always about 0.96 and within the 1σ range ns=0.9639±0.0047 obtained by Planck, irrespective of the value of the η parameter at the critical saddle point. The tensor-scalar ratio predicted by this model is around 10−3 and is close to the value in the Starobinsky model.
Prediction of herbal medicines based on immune cell infiltration and immune- and ferroptosis-related gene expression levels to treat valvular atrial fibrillation

Inflammatory immune response is apparently one of the determinants of progressive exacerbation of valvular atrial fibrillation(VAF). Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent modality of regulated cell death, is involved in the immune regulation of cardiovascular disease. However, the relevant regulatory mechanisms of immune infiltration and ferroptosis in VAF have been less studied. In the current study, a highly efficient system for screening immunity- and ferroptosis-related biomarkers and immunomodulatory ability of herbal ingredients has been developed with the integration of intelligent data acquisition, data mining, network pharmacology, and computer-assisted target fishing. VAF patients showed higher infiltration of neutrophils and resting stage dendritic cells, while VSR patients showed higher infiltration of follicular helper T cells. In addition, six (e.g., PCSK2) and 47 (e.g., TGFBR1) ImmDEGs and one (SLC38A1) and four (TGFBR1, HMGB1, CAV1, and CD44) FerDEGs were highly expressed in patients with valvular sinus rhythm (VSR) and VAF, respectively. We further identified a core subnetwork containing 34 hub genes, which were intersected with ImmDEGs and FerDEGs to obtain the key gene TGFBR1. Based on TGFBR1, 14 herbs (e.g., Fructus zizyphi jujubae, Semen Juglandis, and Polygonum cuspidatum) and six herbal ingredients (curcumin, curcumine, D-glucose, hexose, oleovitamin A, and resveratrol) were predicted. Finally, TGFBR1 was found to dock well with curcumin and resveratrol, and it was further verified that curcumin and resveratrol could significantly reduce myocardial fibrosis. We believe that herbs rich in curcumin and resveratrol such as Rhizoma curcumae longae and Curcuma kwangsiensis, mitigate myocardial fibrosis to improve VAF by modulating the TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway. This strategy provides a prospective approach systemically characterizing phenotype-target-herbs relationships based on the tissue-specific biological functions in VAF and brings us new insights into the searching lead compounds from Chinese herbs. Graphical Abstract
t i Seuratascaris schmackeri sp. nov. (Nematoda: Ascarididae) from the Chinese Frog Odorrana schmackeri Boettger, 1892 (Amphibia: Anura) Based on Morphological and Molecular Evidence

Here, we examined the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer1 (ITS1) region, the partial small ribosomal RNA gene (18S), and mitochondrial cytochrome- c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) genes of Seuratascaris schmackeri sp. nov., a member of ascaridoids, exhibiting characteristics of Ascaridoidea sensu Chabaud (1965) identified through microscopy. This new species was collected from the small intestine of the Chinese frog species Odorrana schmackeri Boettger, 1892, acquired from four regions of Anhui Province, southeastern China. To our knowledge, one species of the Seuratascaris genus, namely Seuratascaris numidica (Seurat, 1917) Sprent 1985, has so far been recorded. The morphology of S. schmackeri sp. nov. differs from that of S. numidica and exhibit a few unique characteristics, including more denticles in the lip, shorter intestinal caecum, longer spicular, more caudal papillae, and pre-, ad-, and post-cloacal caudal papillae pairs in the ratio of 3: 1: 6-7. BLAST analyses of the COI sequences show 59.31% nucleotide divergence with Seuratascaris numidica (Seurat, 1917) (GenBank acc. no. MG434691 and MG434692). Through morphological and molecular characterization of S. schmackeri sp. nov., we generated new data on the Seuratascaris genus, providing a crucial scientific basis for future studies on the genus.
Enhancing Neural Machine Translation with Syntactic Ambiguities

Beneﬁting from the data-driven end-to-end 001 model architecture, neural machine translation 002 has obvious performance advantages over sta- 003 tistical machine translation, but its demand 004 for data is also signiﬁcantly greater, including 005 monolingual and parallel corpus. Most of the 006 past studies have focused on reducing the de- 007 mand for parallel corpus or making more ef- 008 fective use of limited parallel corpus. In this 009 work, we have studied a method of using am- 010 biguity of syntactic structure to achieve more 011 effective use of monolingual corpus. Experi- 012 ments conducted on multiple benchmarks for 013 various languages show that our method has 014 a greater improvement than the method using 015 back-translation only, demonstrating the effec- 016 tiveness of our proposed method. 017
Plant Biotechnology 22(3), 221–224 (2005)

Due to indiscriminate collection, the natural habitat of Hylotelephium sieboldii and H. sieboldii var. ettyuense have been significantly reduced. For ex situ conservation and efficient vegetative propagation, a micropropagation system based on adventitious shoot regeneration was developed for these two endangered species. Leaves, stems and roots of in vitro-grown plantlets, and flower buds of greenhouse-grown plants were used as explants. For H. sieboldii, adventitious shoots were most efficiently regenerated from flower bud explants on a medium containing 1 mg l 1 each of NAA and BA. Adventitious shoot regeneration from flower bud explants under this condition was also obtained in H. sieboldii var. ettyuense, but with lower efficiencies. Adventitious shoots of both species rooted and developed into plantlets on a medium containing 0.1 mg l 1 IBA. Almost all of these plantlets were successfully transplanted to the greenhouse. At least at early stage of growth, they showed no apparent morphological alterations.
The Observed North Equatorial Countercurrent in the Far Western Paciﬁc Ocean during the 2014–16 El Ni ñ o

: The structure and variations of the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) in the far western Paciﬁc Ocean during 2014–16 are investigated using repeated in situ hydrographic data, altimeter data, Argo data, and reanalysis data. The NECC shifted ; 1 8 southward and intensiﬁed signiﬁcantly with its transport exceeding 40Sv (1 Sv [ 10 6 m 3 s 2 1 ), nearly double its climatology value, during the developing phase of the 2015/16 El Ni ñ o event. Observations show that the 2015/16 El Ni ñ o exerted a comparable impact on the NECC with that of the extreme 1997/98 El Ni ñ o in the far western PaciﬁcOcean. Baroclinicinstabilityprovidedtheprimaryenergysourcefortheeddykineticenergy(EKE)in the2015/16El Ni ñ o, which differs from the traditional understanding of the energy source of EKE as barotropic instability in low-latitude ocean. The enhanced vertical shear and the reduced density jump between the NECC layer and the North Equatorial Subsurface Current (NESC) layer renders the NECC–NESC system baroclinically unstable in the western Paciﬁc Ocean during El Ni ñ o developing phase. The eddy–mean ﬂow interactions here are diverse associated with various states of El Ni ñ o–Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
Investigating the Roots of Gender Bias in Machine Translation: Observations on Gender Transfer between French and English

This paper aims at identifying the inner mech-001 anisms that make a translation model choose a 002 masculine rather than a feminine form, an es-003 sential step to mitigate gender bias in MT. We 004 conduct two series of experiments using prob-005 ing and comparing the predictions of transla-006 tion and a language models to show that i) 007 gender information is encoded in all decoder’s 008 and encoder’s representations and ii) the trans-009 lation model does not need to use information 010 from the source to predict his . 011
Detectability of Late-Time Radio Afterglows from Compact Binary Coalescence

Electromagnetic (EM) follow-up of gravitational wave (GW) candidates is important for verifying their astrophysical nature and studying their physical properties. While the next generation of GW detectors will have improved sensitivities to make the first detection of GW events, their ability to localize these events will remain poor during the early days of their operation. This makes EM follow-up challenging for most telescopes. Many new low frequency radio instruments have come online recently or will come online over the next few years, and their wide fields of view allow them to cover large areas of the sky in a short amount of time. This paper studies comprehensively the detectability of radio afterglows from compact binary coalescence (CBC), a predicted GW source and the most promising progenitor of short gamma-ray bursts. We explore the properties of simulated afterglow lightcurves from the forward shock for a range of source and observer parameters, then we use these lightcurves to estimate the expected rates of detection for different radio instruments and survey methods. Detecting radio afterglows and constraining their properties and rates are feasible with the current and upcoming widefield radio instruments. As a result, widefield radio instruments will play an important role in the EM follow-up of GW events.
Robust Hybrid Linear Modeling and its Applications A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Yi Wang IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy

Hybrid Linear Modeling (HLM) uses a set of affine subspaces to model data and has been widely used in computer vision. However, many segmentation algorithms need to know d and K as a priori. Therefore, determining the dimension d and the number K of subspaces is an important problem in HLM. In this manuscript, we suggest two automatic ways to empirically find d and K. One obtains local estimation of the dimension by examining the geometric structure of a neighborhood. The other finds K or both d and K by detecting the “elbow” of the least square error. We provide a partial justification of the elbow method for special cases. We also demonstrate the accuracy and speed of our methods on synthetic and real hybrid linear data. Another challenge in HLM is to deal with highly corrupted data. We study the related problems of denoising images corrupted by impulsive noise and blind inpainting (i.e., inpainting when the deteriorated region is unknown). Our basic approach is to model the set of patches of pixels in an image as a union of low dimensional subspaces, corrupted by sparse but perhaps large magnitude noise. For this purpose, we develop a robust and iterative method for single subspace modeling and extend it to an iterative algorithm for modeling multiple subspaces. We prove convergence for both algorithms and carefully compare our methods with other recent ideas for such robust modeling. We demonstrate state of the art performance of our method for both imaging problems.
The Algorithmic Inﬂection and Morphological Variability of Russian

We present a set of deterministic algo- 001 rithms for Russian inﬂection and automated 002 text synthesis. These algorithms are imple- 003 mented in a publicly available web-service 004 www.passare. ru. This service provides func- 005 tions for inﬂection of single words, word 006 matching and synthesis of grammatically cor- 007 rect Russian text. The inﬂectional functions 008 have been tested against the annotated corpus 009 of Russian language OpenCorpora (Open- 010 Corpora) and used for estimating the morpho- 011 logical variability and complexity of different 012 parts of speech in Russian. 013
Business model innovation for sustainability: a new framework

Purpose – Sustainable business model innovation (SBMI) is a change in the way a firm operates in order to createpositiveimpactsortoreducenegativeconsequencesfortheenvironmentandthesociety.TheaimofthispaperistoexplainwhatpathwaysafirmcantakewhenitimplementsasustainablebusinessinnovationprocessinlinewithSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs). Design/methodology/approach – The article starts with the analysis of the existing literature about BMI and SBMI in order to extrapolate the main elements of these topics. Findings – Thankstothecombinedinformationfromacademicandnonacademicsources,thestudyproposes a new framework. It is divided into three sectors: value proposition, value capture delivery and value capture according to the main studies about the business model. Research limitations/implications – Regarding theoretical implications, this study contributes to developing a theory of both BMI and sustainable innovation. Indeed it helps in the understanding of the dynamic vision about how the business model changes in order to incorporate triple sustainability. Practicalimplications – Fromapracticalview,thepapercanserveasaguidelineforcorporatereorganization. Originality/value – The new framework differs from some recent academic efforts first of all for its theoretical characteristics: BMI construct and not business model concept is the core of the framework. The business model represents the subject of innovation,not its vehicle. Another unique aspect that can be derived from the approach adopted is that it links theoretical with practical sources.
Coverage Path Planning in Dynamic Environment through Guided Reinforcement Learning

Path planning for mobile robots has been, and remains, a design and development challenge. In addition to well known path planning tasks such as searching for a shortest path from a start point to its end, Coverage Path Planning (CPP) is a task to design a trajectory by which agents can traverse every point in an area of interest. Generating an e � cient CPP algorithm is, therefore, far more challenging than calculating a shortest path. In particular, environments with both static and dynamic obstacles require robots to navigate e � ciently while simultaneously avoiding obstructions and other potential agents. Traditional approaches to address the challenges that dynamic obstacles introduce often require replanning strategies for coverage as the environment changes. Such replanning mechanisms and computations are both expensive and suboptimal, often resulting in path detours. In this report, we ﬁrst investigate several methods for conducting CPP with dynamic obstacles using a graph search algorithm (Spanning Tree Coverage) and on-policy reinforcement learning algorithm (Proximal Policy Optimization) separately. Then, we introduce a guided reinforcement learning approach for CPP which incorporates a unique reward structure as well as additional coverage information generated from Spanning Tree Coverage to help guide the reinforcement learning agent algorithm. We evaluate our proposed algorithm, Coverage Path Planning through Guided Reinforcement Learning (CPP-GRL), across di ↵ erent set-tings (grid sizes and obstacle locations) and compare with prior research methods. Exper-imental results show that CPP-GRL generalizes well for both stochastic and deterministic moving obstacles and performing very similarly to other control-based and learning-based algorithms, but with fewer constraints (such as following speciﬁc control laws) and lower computational power (such as using Convolutional Neural Network instead).
Theorizing Whiteness as a Pro-ceduralized Ideology in Vid-eogames

Over the course of the past two decades, a growing number of scholars have mapped the ways that ideologies of whiteness have pervaded videogames and other kinds of digital interactive media. Oftentimes, the most discussed examples of whiteness-in-gaming involve the features of videogames that are the most readily apparent to outside observers. These include a game’s multimodal representations of the racialized (or oftentimes, de-racialized) features of characters, groups, and societies in virtual worlds. On the other hand, scholarship that has focused on the fundamentally procedural nature of games—that is, the fact that games are fundamentally composed of and defined by rules and rule systems—points to a less visible dimension of the pervasive nature of whiteness in gaming. Taking the concept of procedurality as a theoretical starting point, this essay offers a framing of whiteness-in-gaming as a proceduralized ideology: a way of knowing/doing/being in the world that is embedded in and circulated through computational technologies like videogames. I illustrate this framing through examples of proceduralized whiteness in the character creation tropes of fantasy roleplaying games, the overarching goal structures of games of empire, and the design of player-world interactions that have come to dominate narratively-driven games. I contrast these by highlighting sites of resistance to proceduralized whiteness that are exemplified in the designs of Indigenous-centered games such as Never Alone: Kisima Ingitchuna (2014), When the Rivers Were Trails (2019), and Terra Nova (2019).
Implementing Simulation of Simplicity for geometric degeneracies

We describe how to implement Simulation of Simplicity (SoS). SoS removes geometric degeneracies in point-in-polygon queries, polyhedron intersection, map overlay, and other 2D and 3D geometric and spatial algorithms by determining the effect of adding non-Archimedian infinitesimals of different orders to the coordinates. Then it modifies the geometric predicates to emulate that, and evaluates them in the usual arithmetic. A geometric degeneracy is a coincidence, such as a vertex of one polygon on an edge of another polygon, that would have probability approaching zero if the objects were distributed i.i. d. uniformly. However, in real data, they can occur often. Especially in 3D, there are too many types of degeneracies to reliably enumerate. But, if they are not handled, then predicates evaluate wrong, and the output topology may be wrong. We describe the theory of SoS, and how several algorithms and programs were successfully modified, including volume of the union of many cubes, point location in a 3D mesh, and intersecting 3D meshes.
Far-infrared spectroscopy of a lensed starburst: a blind redshift from Herschel

We report the redshift of HATLAS J132427.0+284452 (hereafter HATLAS J132427), a gravitationally lensed starburst galaxy, the first determined ‘blind’ by the Herschel Space Observatory. This is achieved via the detection of [C ii] consistent with z = 1.68 in a far-infrared spectrum taken with the SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS). We demonstrate that the [C ii] redshift is secure via detections of CO J = 2 → 1 and 3 → 2 using the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy and the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimetrique's Plateau de Bure Interferometer. The intrinsic properties appear typical of high-redshift starbursts despite the high lensing-amplified fluxes, proving the ability of the FTS to probe this population with the aid of lensing. The blind detection of [C ii] demonstrates the potential of the SPICA Far-infrared Instrument imaging spectrometer, proposed for the much more sensitive Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics mission, to determine redshifts of multiple dusty galaxies simultaneously without the benefit of lensing.
Uncertainty-Based Joint Training for semi-supervised Math Word Problem

Math word problems (MWPs) convert natu-001 ral math corpus into structured equation forms. 002 Data sparsity is one of the main obstacles for 003 math word understanding problem due to the 004 high cost of human annotation efforts. How-005 ever, existing work mainly start from the su-006 pervised learning perspective, making the low-007 resource scenario under explored. In this paper, 008 we are the first to incorporate semi-supervised 009 learning (SSL) framework into MWPs. We 010 propose an uncertainty-aware unlabeled data 011 selection strategies, which can access to reli-012 able samples and increase the model capacity 013 gradually. Besides, to improve the quality of 014 pseudo equations, we incorporate two indirect 015 supervision signals considering the semantic 016 consistency property and grammar format con-017 straints of generated equations. Experimen-018 tal results on two benchmark MWPs datasets 019 across different ratio of unlabeled data verify 020 the effectiveness and generalization ability of 021 our proposed method. 022
Charge-Injection SAR ADC

IoT sensors are in rising demand and they often require low power, yet high precision measurements. Under constrained energy, Nyquist-rate SAR ADCs are typically used for readout as they are energy efﬁcient and easy to multiplex across many sensors. However, achieving high precision (>14b) in SAR ADCs is challenging as all factors limiting performance (resolution, mismatch, and noise) must be simultaneously addressed with minimal energy impact. In this paper, we present an energy-efﬁcient, capacitor-array-assisted cascaded charge-injection SAR ADC (c-ciSAR) with 17b nominal resolution (14.14b ENOB) that achieves a 184.9dB Schreier FoM (SFoM) and 4.32fJ/conv with a 1V supply in 0. 18μm CMOS. The ADC deploys a combination of techniques to improve resolution, mismatch, and noise performance while remaining energy-efﬁcient, namely: 1) hybridization of a capacitor-array DAC (CDAC) with charge- injection-cell (ci-cell) based DACs (ciDACs) to achieve high resolution and ﬂexible programmability; 2) direct analog DAC mismatch compensation and repeated LSB decisions that leverage ﬂexible programmability; 3) a noise-efﬁcient charge-domain preampliﬁer for comparator (1.66 NEF) and SNR extended ci-cell; and 4) ±2∙VDD signal sampling with pre-sampling MSB decision. Flexible DAC operability is useful for overcoming noise and mismatch limits [1,2], yet previous demonstrations showed limited programmability, or consumed high power. In this paper, we propose an energy-efﬁcient and highly programmable hybrid DAC that merges CDAC and ciDACs [3,4]