Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of CMV or 2b-Deficient CMV-Infected dcl2dcl4 Reveals the Effects of Viral Infection on Symptom Induction in Arabidopsis thaliana

Due to the impaired antiviral RNAi, the dcl2dcl4 (dcl2/4) mutant is highly susceptible to viruses deficient of the viral suppressor of the RNA silencing (VSR) contrast to wild-type Arabidopsis. It was found that more severe disease symptoms were induced in dcl2/4 infected with VSR-deficient CMV (CMV-Δ2b or CMV-2aTΔ2b) compared to wild-type Arabidopsis infected with intact CMV. In order to investigate the underlying mechanism, comparative transcriptome analysis was performed with Col-0 and dcl2/4 that were infected by CMV, CMV-Δ2b and CMV-2aTΔ2b, respectively. Our analysis showed that the systematic infection of CMV, CMV-Δ2b and CMV-2aTΔ2b could cause hypoxia response and reduce photosynthesis. Asymptomatic infections of CMV-Δ2b or CMV-2aTΔ2b in Columbia (Col-0) promoted the expression of cell division-related genes and suppressed the transcription of metabolism and acquired resistance genes. On the other hand, immunity and resistance genes were highly induced, but photosynthesis and polysaccharide metabolism-related genes were suppressed in diseased plants. More interestingly, cell wall reorganization was specifically caused in modestly diseased Col-0 infected by CMV and a strong activation of SA signaling were correspondingly induced in severely diseased dcl2/4 by CMV or CMV mutants. Thus, our research revealed the nature of the Arabidopsis–CMV interaction at the transcriptome level and could provide new clues in symptom development and antiviral defense in plants.
Effects of Coir-Based Growing Medium with Municipal Solid Waste Compost or Biochar on Plant Growth, Mineral Nutrition, and Accumulation of Phytochemicals in Spinach

The use of municipal solid waste compost (MSW) and biochar, two renewable resources with a low carbon footprint as components of substrates, may be an alternative to reducing peat and coir usage. The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of selectively collected MSW and biochar as components of the coir-based substrate to spinach grown. An experiment was carried out to evaluate five substrates, coir and four coir-based blends (coir + biochar + perlite, coir + municipal waste compost + perlite, coir + biochar + pine bark, and coir + biochar + pine bark) with 12% (v/v) MSW or biochar and 10% (v/v) perlite or pine bark. Spinach seedlings were transplanted into Styrofoam planting boxes filled with the substrate. Each planting box was irrigated daily by drip with a complete nutrient solution. Plants grown with MSW had a higher content of calcium. Shoot Mn increased in the biochar-containing mixes. The shoot dry weight of the plants grown in the different blends was higher than those grown in coir. Fresh yield was higher in mixes with MSW and perlite (3 kg/m2) or pine bark (2.87 kg/m2). Total phenols and DPPH antioxidant activity were not affected by the substrates. However, shoot ascorbate (AsA) content was higher or equal to those plants grown in coir. MSW and biochar are alternatives to reduce the use of coir and peat.
Understanding Redeployment During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Analysis of Nurse Reported Experiences

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare working conditions causing the redeployment of nurses. Redeployment refers to assigning healthcare workers to units or specialty areas where they do not regularly work. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of redeployed nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic from April 27, 2020 to May 7, 2020. Methods Data collection occurred through a cross-sectional survey with demographic items and a single open-ended item. This open-ended item was part of a larger study regarding work conditions during the initial COVID-19 surge in the spring of 2020 in the Midwest United States (US). This analysis was performed separately due to the volume of qualitative responses and details provided. The survey was posted in private social media groups, and 298 nurses participated, 117 shared open-ended responses. Participants were asked what type of unit they worked on before COVID-19 and what unit they were deployed to. Findings Twenty-three (19.7%) reported deployment to COVID-designated units. Twenty-eight (23.9%) participants reported deployment to a unit outside of their specialty. Sixteen (13.7%) reported deployment from a non-critical care unit to an intensive care unit. Three major themes developed from the open-ended responses: (1) challenges related to their scope of practice and specialization, (2) challenges with interpersonal dynamics, and (3) challenges related to the environment. Conclusion The described challenges caused some nurses to report primarily negative experiences regarding redeployment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings add to the existing literature regarding redeployment and the vulnerability hospitals and their staff face during a disaster or pandemic-related events, such as COVID-19. Ultimately, aiding in the development of new policies to facilitate effective pandemic response in the future that would support nurses to participate in redeployment in a safe and nontraumatic way, is necessary.
Augmented Reality Media Development in STEAM Learning in Elementary Schools

The need for technology-based media is vital in the era of 21st-century education. Here, augmented reality media is a medium predicted to provide a more realistic experience successfully and in line with the developmental phase of elementary school students. For this reason, this study aims to analyze the need for augmented reality media development and develop an initial design for augmented reality media development in STEAM learning in elementary schools. This research used the R&D method with two of the four stages of R&D research. These stages are preliminary studies and initial design development. The subjects of this study were seven teachers and 129 students of a public elementary school in East Java, Indonesia. The instruments of this research were questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and interpretive analysis. The results of this study revealed that teachers and students needed media that can represent material in-depth, increase interest and motivation, and provide experiences, such as STEAM-based augmented reality learning media. Meanwhile, the initial design development results of STEAM-based augmented reality learning media were in the form of six types of designs, containing Batik, Wayang (puppet), Gamelan, Borobudur Temple, Kereta Kencana (golden chariot), and Keris.
A comparison of methods for the detection of Phytophthora infestans on potatoes in Mauritius

Late blight, a disease caused by oomycota, Phytophthora infestans, is a greater threat to the potato crop than any other disease in Mauritius. This disease remains the most challenging to manage once symptoms have appeared, thus requiring rapid detection for effective disease management. The aim of this study was to compare different methods for early detection of the causal agent of potato late blight. Conventional culture-based methods involved the direct isolation of P. infestans from infected leaves on Carrot Piece Agar (CPA), Carrot Sucrose Agar (CSA), Commercial Potato Dextrose Agar (CPDA), Fresh Potato Dextrose Agar (FPDA-1 and FPDA-2), Oatmeal Agar (OMA), Pea Sucrose Agar (PSA) and Water Agar (WA) without antibiotic supplementation. Mycelial growth on agar was subsequently identified using molecular techniques. A culture-independent method was also attempted whereby total genomic DNA was directly extracted from symptomatic leaves with mycelial growth followed by PCR amplification with ITS5/ITS4 primers and sequencing. The different media ranked in the following decreasing order of performance: PSA >>> CSA ~ FPDA-1 > CPA ~ CPDA ~ OMA, with growth appearing on PSA within 7 days without contamination. DNA sequencing confirmed the identity of the agent recovered from PSA and from diseased leaves to be P. infestans. Findings of this study point to an optimum nutritive medium for recovering and culturing P. infestans from leaves with foliar blight without the use of antibiotics. Alternatively, a culture-independent method can be used for rapid detection and identification during routine disease surveillance.
FOOD HABITS, SEXUAL DIMORPHISM AND SEX RATIO OF THREE PALAEMONID PRAWNS OF THE NUN RIVER, NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA

The food habits, sex ratio and differences of three freshwater prawns macrobrachion and M. felicinum from Nun River, Niger Delta were studied. It was found that although the prawns had an omnivorous diet feeding on a wide range of organisms including plants, detritus, insect parts, phytoplankton and zooplankton the food habits indicate a tendency towards a plant-based (herbivorous) diet. The adult prawns exhibit sexual dimorphism with males being larger than females; however the males were fewer in number than the females with mean ratios of 1:2.79, 1:1.58 and 1:9.12 for M. vollenhovenii, M. macrobrachion and M. felicinum. Sexual dimorphism exists in the species and brood-stock are available in the Nun River system of the Niger Delta region.
Objectively Assessed Weight Change and All-Cause Mortality among Community-Dwelling Older People

Later life changes in body weight may be associated with an increased risk of mortality in older adults. The objective of this study was to examine whether weight change over four years was associated with a 17-year mortality risk in older adults. Participants were 1664 community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years in the longitudinal Enquete de Sante’ Psychologique-Risques, Incidence et Traitement (ESPRIT) study. Outcomes were all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality. Weight change was defined as difference between weight at baseline and 4 years, categorised into: weight stable (±<5% weight change), weight loss (≥5%) and weight gain (≥5%). Association between weight change and mortality risk was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. Over 17 years of follow-up (median 15 years), 565 participants died. Compared to stable weight participants, those with ≥ 5% weight loss had an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.00–1.56, p = 0.05) and CVD mortality (HR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.10–2.14, p = 0.01), but not cancer mortality (HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.50–1.39, p = 0.49). Weight gain of ≥5% was not associated with increased mortality (HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.76–1.45, p = 0.74). Weight monitoring in older adults could help identify weight loss at its early stages to better target interventions to maintain nutritional reserve and prevent premature mortality.
Dynamic Capabilities

The development of salient ideas and publications on dynamic capabilities is given, extended by ideas outside the literature of strategic management. Dynamic capability is presented as an interdisciplinary subject to which knowledge is central. Diversity of knowledge is treated in terms of cognitive distance, limited through organisational focus. To deal with diversity, development and uncertainty, evolutionary theory and the notion of entropy are used. The relation between individual and organisational knowledge is modelled with the notion of a script and linguistic ideas. The governance of collaborative relations for innovation is discussed, including trust, which are also dynamic capabilities.
Health selection on self-rated health and the healthy migrant effect: Baseline and 1-year results from the health of Philippine Emigrants Study

Studies of migration and health focus on a “healthy migrant effect” whereby migrants are healthier than individuals not migrating. Health selection remains the popular explanation of this phenomenon. However, studies are mixed on whether selection occurs and typically examine migrants post-departure. This study used a novel pre-migration dataset to identify which health and social domains differ between migrants and their non-migrant counterparts and their contribution to explaining variance in self-rated health by migrant status at pre-migration and 1-year later. Data were used from the baseline and 1-year follow-up of the Health of Philippine Emigrants Study (HoPES). We used multivariable ordinary least squares regression to examine differences in self-rated health between migrants to the U.S. and a comparable group of non-migrants at baseline (premigration) and one year later, accounting for seven domains: physical health, mental health, health behavior, demographics, socioeconomic factors and healthcare utilization, psychosocial factors, and social desirability. A migrant advantage was present for self-rated health at baseline and 1-year. Accounting for all domains, migrants reported better self-rated health compared to non-migrants both at baseline (β = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.43) and at 1-year (β = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.46). Migrant status, health behavior, and mental health accounted for most of the variance in self-rated health both at baseline and 1-year follow-up. This analysis provides evidence of migrant health selection and nuanced understanding to what is being captured by self-rated health in studies of migrant health that should be considered in future research.
Thermoelectric Radiation Detector Based on Superconductor-Ferromagnet Systems

This project was supported by the Academy of Finland via its Key Funding Project (Grant No. 305256), the Center of Excellence program (Grant No. 284594), and Grants No. 298667 and 317118; the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (ERC Grant No. 615187- COMANCHE) and the Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant No. 800923-SUPERTED); the Tuscany Region under the FARFAS 2014 project SCIADRO, and the Spanish Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (Grants No. FIS2014-55987- P and No. FIS2017-82804-P).
Archean and Paleoproterozoic zircons in Paleozoic sandstones in southern New Zealand: evidence for remnant Nuna supercontinent and Ur continent rocks within Zealandia

Abstract Detrital zircon age patterns are reported from quartz sandstones and metaquartzites in the Russet and Wangapeka formations (Western Province, Takaka Terrane) in Fiordland and northwest Nelson, and the Pegasus Group on Stewart Island. The latter indicate a possible maximum early Carboniferous depositional age with a significant Lower Devonian zircon component that suggests a source on the Campbell Plateau or Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica. In contrast, Russet Formation ages indicate a correlation with Upper Ordovician, Wangapeka Formation quartz sandstones in northwest Nelson. These zircon age patterns have two major groups: late Mesoproterozoic (1200–1000 Ma) of Rodinia origin and Cambrian–late Neoproterozoic (700–500 Ma) of early Gondwana derivation. Both groups have local Zealandia provenances. In addition, there are unusually high proportions (to 20%) of early Paleoproterozoic and Archean zircons, 3500–2000 Ma, with significant age components, 2550–2450 Ma and ca 2800 and 2650 Ma, which are characteristic of an Expanded-Ur continent. Their high proportions of euhedral grains indicate a local source within a postulated Archean basement block at or near the eastern margin of the Takaka Terrane. A proposed Rodinia supercontinent reconstruction locates this Precambrian basement as a Zealandia component placed between Gawler and North Australia cratons of Australia and Yangtze Block of the South China Craton. KEY POINTS Pegasus Group, metaquartzites, Stewart Island are not correlated with the Russet Formation, Fiordland but are an Upper Devonian or lower Carboniferous sedimentary unit. Russet Formation high-grade metasandstones in Fiordland are correlated with the lower-grade and fossiliferous Upper Ordovician Wangapeka Formation in Nelson. Upper Ordovician sandstones in Western Province, New Zealand contain unusually high proportions of Neoarchean euhedral detrital zircons that suggest a local Zealandia source. An Archean block is proposed within the Rodinia supercontinent, between the Gawler and North Australia cratons of Australia and Yangtze Block of the South China Craton.
Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Time Series in Autonomous Unmanned System

There are various types of autonomous unmanned systems, covering different spaces of sea, land, and air, and they are comprehensively going deep into multiple fields of national security and social life. Due to the development of technology, the scale of unmanned systems is getting larger and larger, the number of components in the system is increasing, and the operating environment of the system is also becoming more and more complex. Therefore, the probability of failure of the components of the system will also be significantly increased. In order to eliminate the impact of the fault in time, the fault diagnosis method is significant. Considering the differences of components in autonomous unmanned systems, if a specific fault diagnosis algorithm is designed for each type of component, it will bring difficulties to the coordinated control of the system. Therefore, this paper analyzes the data characteristics of unmanned autonomous system devices (such as sensors) and finds that these data have time series. Therefore, the data of different devices can be converted into time series, and a general fault diagnosis algorithm suitable for most devices can be studied. The fault diagnosis algorithm is based on the clustering algorithm. In order to improve the clustering effect, the time series of different devices are represented by Gaussian mixture clustering to reduce the computational complexity of the clustering calculation. Then, a time series similarity measurement method based on the improved Markov chain is proposed. This method can better distinguish normal samples from abnormal samples so as to classify and identify faults effectively.
Revolution in Detecting Tuberculosis using Radiology with Application of Deep Learning Algorithm

Radiology is a medical examination of internal body parts using data imaging to interpret an illness. Many illnesses can be detected using this medical discipline; one of the diseases is tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. The supreme ability of Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning has amazed the radiologist in analyzing big data-based information. A better deep learning algorithm can lead radiologist to accurate results. This article will review ten (10) research papers that use a deep learning algorithm in the application to detect tuberculosis by data processing technique. The goal is to know the best type of data processing in deep learning to detect TB.Radiologi adalah pemeriksaan bagian dalam tubuh menggunakan data pencitraan untuk interpretasi suatu penyakit. Banyak penyakit dapat dideteksi menggunakan disiplin medis ini; salah satu adalah tuberkulosis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang menyerang paru-paru. Ahli radiologi tertarik atas kemampuan Artificial Intelligence dan Machine Learning untuk analisis data yang akurat. Artikel ini akan mengulas sepuluh (10) makalah penelitian aplikasi algoritma deep learning untuk deteksi tuberkulosis menggunakan teknik pengolahan data.
Study of Lead-Free Solder Joint Reliability

Solders are essential for the construction of many engineering materials. The use of soldering in electronic packaging has become increasingly critical in today's world. In the electronic manufacturing industry, alternative soldering materials based on tin metal have developed gradually over the last two decades. Manufacturing companies are primarily concerned about removing lead from electronic manufacturing and waste recycling by switching to the lead-free solder. Environmental and human health are adversely affected by exposure to high lead levels in consumer products. The manufacturing industry has switched to lead-free soldering to support their social responsibility initiatives. The three categories of lead-free solder are classified according to temperature range: high-temperature solder, medium-temperature solder, and low-temperature solder. This research is conducted based on the approach of study literature, which is obtained from some papers that generally explain lead-free solder. To provide additional knowledge which is expected to add new insights about the importance of lead-free usage and its behavior.
Comparative Analysis of Enzyme Production Patterns of Lignocellulose Degradation of Two White Rot Fungi: Obba rivulosa and Gelatoporia subvermispora

The unique ability of basidiomycete white rot fungi to degrade all components of plant cell walls makes them indispensable organisms in the global carbon cycle. In this study, we analyzed the proteomes of two closely related white rot fungi, Obba rivulosa and Gelatoporia subvermispora, during eight-week cultivation on solid spruce wood. Plant cell wall degrading carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) represented approximately 5% of the total proteins in both species. A core set of orthologous plant cell wall degrading CAZymes was shared between these species on spruce suggesting a conserved plant biomass degradation approach in this clade of basidiomycete fungi. However, differences in time-dependent production of plant cell wall degrading enzymes may be due to differences among initial growth rates of these species on solid spruce wood. The obtained results provide insight into specific enzymes and enzyme sets that are produced during the degradation of solid spruce wood in these fungi. These findings expand the knowledge on enzyme production in nature-mimicking conditions and may contribute to the exploitation of white rot fungi and their enzymes for biotechnological applications.
Locus Coeruleus Degeneration Differs Between Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Subtypes

Background: There are few studies on the locus coeruleus (LC) in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and the potential differences in the LC related to the underlying proteinopathy. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the LC in FTLD subgroups. Methods: Neuropathological cases diagnosed with FTLD were included. The subgroups consisted of FTLD with tau, transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP) and fused in sarcoma (FUS). Micro- and macroscopical degeneration of the LC were assessed with respect to the number of neurons and the degree of depigmentation. A group of cognitively healthy subjects and a group with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) served as comparison groups. Results: A total of 85 FTLD cases were included, of which 44 had FTLD-TDP, 38 had FTLD-tau, and three had FTLD-FUS. The groups were compared with 25 VCI cases and 41 cognitively healthy control cases (N = 151 for the entire study). All FTLD groups had a statistically higher microscopical degeneration of the LC compared to the controls, but the FTLD-tau group had greater micro- and macroscopical degeneration than the FTLD-TDP group. Age correlated positively with the LC score in the FTLD-tau group, but not in the FTLD-TDP group. Conclusion: A greater microscopical degeneration of the LC was observed in all FTLD cases compared to healthy controls and those with VCI. The LC degeneration was more severe in FTLD-tau than in FTLD-TDP. The macroscopically differential degeneration of the LC in FTLD subgroups may facilitate differential diagnostics, potentially with imaging.