Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of New Member Accession to the European Union on Food Trade

Purpose: The main focus is on the export and import of agricultural products in the EU in the years 2002-2017 outside the EU (extra-EU). Design/Methodology/Approach: This paper investigates the impact of EU (European Union) enlargement on food trade using descriptive statistics. First, EU-28 exports, imports, and trade balance of agricultural products outside the EU (extra-EU) are presented for 2002-2017. Findings: The trade balance between EU countries for food, beverages, and tobacco are also presented. Accession has led to the elimination of trade tariffs and accelerated improvements in trade. The most exported products by EU countries were alcoholic beverages (spirits and liquors, wine, and vermouth), bakery products, and wheat. Most of the export of agri-food products is directed to other EU countries, Russia, China, and various countries in South America, Africa, and Asia. Imports to EU countries comprised mostly of vegetables and fruits, coffee, tea, cocoa, and various fish products. Practical implications: The results will fill in the gap concerning the food trade of agricultural products in the EU. Originality/Value: The new information about extra EU trade of agricultural products and a GARCH (Generalized Autoregressive Conditionally Heteroscedastic) model was presented.
Comparison of different characterization methods for nanoparticle dispersions before and after aerosolization

A well-known and accepted aerosol measurement technique, the scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), is applied to characterize colloidally dispersed nanoparticles. To achieve a transfer from dispersed particles to aerosolized particles, a newly developed nebulizer (N) is used that, unlike commonly used atomizers, produces significantly smaller droplets and therefore reduces the problem of the formation of residual particles. The capabilities of this new instrument combination (N + SMPS) for the analysis of dispersions were investigated, using three different dispersions, i.e. gold–PVP nanoparticles (∼20 nm), silver–PVP nanoparticles (∼70 nm) and their 1 : 1 (m : m) mixture. The results are compared to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements and two frequently applied techniques for characterizing colloidal systems: Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and analytical disc centrifugation (ADC). The differences, advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed, especially with respect to the size resolution of the techniques and their ability to distinguish the particle sizes of the mixed dispersion. While DLS is, as expected, unable to resolve the binary dispersion, SEM, ADC and SMPS are able to give quantitative information on the two particle sizes. However, while the high-resolving ADC is limited due to the dependency on a predefined density of the investigated system, the transfer of dispersed particles into an aerosol and subsequent analysis with SMPS are an adequate way to characterize binary systems, independent of the density of concerned particles, but matching the high resolution of the ADC. We show that it is possible to use the well-established aerosol measurement technique (N + SMPS) in colloid science with all its advantages concerning size resolution and accuracy.
A Narrative Synthesis of Childhood Injury Prevention Programs for Pre-school Children

Childhood injury is the leading cause of death and ongoing disability worldwide. While a cornerstone of injury prevention is education, current injury surveillance data is insufficiently nuanced to inform judgement of their effectiveness. A subsequent dearth of research evidence in the domain of childhood injury means that debate continues in regard to the most appropriate age or developmental stage of the child, as well as the most effective pedagogical approach. When considered together these issues culminate in programs that risk being inadequately targeted that are unable to justify their success in reducing injury and consequently are not sustainable. This paper reports the outcomes of a narrative synthesis approach to the review of literature in the area if childhood injury prevention programs targeted at pre-school children. Three studies met the inclusion criteria. The included studies were of poor quality and lacked convincing evidence of effectiveness due to the methods of evaluation, which in turn have shown to impact on the overall sustainability of each specific program. This paper culminates in recognition that there is insufficient evidence of the effectiveness of childhood injury prevention programs for pre-school children, requiring further high-quality studies to determine their overall effectiveness and longer-term sustainability.
Size-Controlled Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles from Bulk Gold Substrates by Sonoelectrochemical Methods

Size-controlled gold nanoparticles, ranging from 2 to 15 nm in diameter, were first prepared from gold substrates in 0.1 N HCl aqueous solutions without the addition of any stabilizers by sonoelectrochemical methods. First, an Au substrate was cycled in a deoxygenated aqueous solution containing 0.1 N HCl from −0.28 to +1.22 V vs Ag/AgCl at 500 mV/s with 100 scans. The durations at the cathodic and anodic vertexes are 10 and 5 s, respectively. After this process, Au- and Cl-containing complexes were left in the solution. The Au working electrode was then immediately replaced by a Pt electrode, and cathodic overpotentials of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 V from the open circuit potential (OCP) of ca. 0.82 V vs Ag/AgCl were applied under sonification to synthesize Au nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticles increase in size from 2 to 15 nm with the increase of the cathodic overpotential applied from 0.2 to 0.6 V. Furthermore, the ratio of Au nanoparticles to Au-containing nanocomplexes in solutions can be controlled b.
Concentration distribution of Nd3+ In Nd:Gd3Ga5O12 crystals studied by optical absorption method

Nd:Gd3Ga5O12 crystals with different concentrations of Nd3+ were grown by Czochralski method, their absorption spectra were measured at room temperature. By using the optical absorption method, the effective distribution coefficient keff for Nd3+ in GGG was fitted to be 0.40±0.01, which is higher than that of Nd3+ in YAG. The 808nm absorption cross‐section was calculated to be 4.0±0.2×10‐20cm‐2. The lengthways and radial concentration distribution of Nd3+ in the crystals were also analyzed and discussed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Abundant Publications but Minuscule Impact: The Irrelevance of Academic Accounting Research on Practice and the Profession

Criticism about the practical usefulness of academic accounting research produced in university business schools has been growing for some time. Due to accounting being an applied social science, many stakeholders question the relevance and value of research published in accounting journals to the accounting profession, practitioners and society in general. This paper highlights the various areas of criticism and discusses factors which underline the issue. While most of the criticism is anecdotal, this study sets about to empirically explore practitioners’ perception of academia, and research published in academic accounting journals. To better understand the situation in accounting, a comparison of two other applied academic disciplines is undertaken, involving medical and engineering practitioners. The study found that for accounting there were major differences in the sourcing of information, and significant differences between the other two applied fields with respect to the utilisation and the need for academic material. The findings lead to the conclusion that academic accounting researchers are now nearly totally divorced from the real-world profession of accounting. If we were to take a singular view on the purpose of academic accounting research, then the current situation could leave accounting researchers very vulnerable to adverse decisions with respect to the allocation of future government funding. The conclusions of this paper propose a series of thought-provoking questions about the current state of accounting research, in the hope that it will stimulate debate and generate responses from the accounting community and other stakeholders.
Experts’ Selection for Neutrosophic Delphi Method. A Case Study of Hotel Activity

This investigation aims to model experts’ selection for neutrosophic Delphi method. The phase of selecting experts is essential to obtain adequate results in Delphi method, thus this phase deserves a major attention. The proposed method considers the complexity of the subject, according to experts’ criteria to fix the number of experts necessary to apply the neutrosophic Delphi method. Single-valued triangular neutrosophic numbers are used to measure experts’ self-evaluations and the weights of expertise criteria. Neutrosophy allows us to include indeterminacy, which is typical in any decision-making problem, as well as the calculation based on linguistic terms. Hotel activity serves as a case study for illustrating the applicability of the method in a real life situation.
Surface photovoltage effects on the isomeric semiconductors of boron-carbide

During exposure to synchrotron radiation, closo 1,7-dicarbadodecaborane (metacarborane) and closo 1,2-dicarbadodecaborane (orthocarborane) decompose, and are accompanied by increasingly evident photoemission surface photovoltage effects. We show that metacarborane and orthocarborane form self-doped n-type and p-type boron-carbides, respectively. Surface photovoltage effects dominate the photoemission final state, not the changes in electronic structure due to decomposition.
Raman Scattering Spectroscopy of Residual Stresses in Epitaxial AlN Films

High-crystalline-quality epitaxial films of wurtzite AlN were grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) and hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). The lattice strain of the films was analyzed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction and the E2 (high)-phonon frequency was observed by Raman scattering. Data analysis for wide ranges of lattice strains and phonon-peak shifts yielded a precise biaxial stress coefficient of this phonon mode, -4.04±0.3 cm-1/GPa. Furthermore, the deformation potential constant was accurately determined from the biaxial stress coefficient.
Improvement of logging operations technological chains in the conditions of seasonal dynamics

There are many options for organizing the logging process by timber enterprises. In most cases they are chosen by management based on personal experience. Cost-effective development of the forest sector is associated with the use of the most rational technological chains of logging operations, adapted to the specific natural and industrial conditions of forest territories. This research is a continuation of the author’s team work on the complex task of improving the efficiency of logging operations, taking into account the analysis of various moving and processing operations of the technological process. In previous publications the authors presented a graphoanalytical and mathematical models to solve the task. This article presents a solution based on them to improve the technological chains of logging operations, taking into account the seasonal nature of logging for the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk territory. Special attention is paid to the comparative analysis of costs for performing transport and loading and unloading operations in the conditions of seasonal dynamics. A rational chain of logging operations has been determined, which allows to reduce costs compared with other options for organizing the technological process and, as a result, to increase profits from the sale of products.
Effects of Light and Autotoxicity on the Reproduction of Bidens pilosa L.: From Laboratory to the Field

In Taiwan, the good agricultural practices for Bidens pilosa L. (Cobbler’s pegs) had been established due to its pharmacology application. However, the reproduction of this species that may cause phytotoxicity to the subsequent crops has not been investigated extensively. We hypothesized that both the phytotoxicity and canopy shading conditions that were altered by agricultural practices might affect its seed reproduction. Three experiments from laboratory, pot and field were conducted under different light treatments and residue application rates to evaluate the light requirement and phytotoxicity on the germination of Cobbler’s pegs. The results showed that the germination in the laboratory, dark treatments was higher than that of light treatment while it was inhibited in the darkness in the pot experiments (24% of the light treatments). Moreover, some seeds in the pot experiments germinated in the far-red light (FR) pretreated dark treatments. This observation indicated that the germination response of the investigated plant might be a very low fluence response (VLFR). Results also showed that the autotoxicity enhanced the germination reduction in the FR pretreated dark treatment while increasing the residues buried in the field. Accordingly, both autotoxicity and canopy shading may inhibit the reproduction of Cobbler’s pegs, but the application method needs further study.
The role of EGFR‐TKIs as adjuvant therapy in EGFR mutation‐positive early‐stage NSCLC: A meta‐analysis

The role of adjuvant epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) is not clear in early‐stage nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. This meta‐analysis aims to compare the efficacy and safety of EGFR‐TKIs as adjuvant therapy with chemotherapy or placebo in NSCLC patients harboring EGFR mutations.
FT-IR in Combination with the Attenuated Total Reflectance Technique: A Very Sensitive Method for the Structural Analysis of Polypeptides

We have used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to analyze protein structure at nanomolar concentrations and compared its sensitivity with other commonly used spectral techniques such as circular dichroism and fluorescence. Less than 10 nM concentration of protein (immunoglobin G) was required in order to obtain IR spectra with good signal-to-noise ratio that could be utilized for curve-fitting analysis to obtain individual band areas assigned to specific secondary structural features. No signals were observable on circular dichroism, and the fluorescence signals were within the noise level for the same concentration of the protein. The results suggest that FT-IR in combination with the ATR technique has high potential for protein structural analysis, and less than 15 picomole protein is sufficient for the structural analysis.
Alternative learning system program's implementation landscape of a division in the Philippines

The study aimed to determine the Alternative Learning System (ALS) Program's implementation landscape in the Division of Dapitan City, Philippines, through the support mechanism's lens to instruction, teachers' attitude, and best practices. It utilized survey and correlational methods of research using a questionnaire checklist. Results revealed that ALS instruction's high support mechanism was small and positively low but significantly related to the teachers' highly positive attitudes towards work and the teachers' best practices in implementing the program. However, room for more significant improvement is deemed essential to raise the high to very high support since the teachers as implementers of the program possessed high disposition and registered best practices in embracing the program's implementation in the city. Hence, the division's administration should look for the best ways to raise funds and not rely only on the government's budget. The effort may be moderated by the proposed Enhanced Alternative Learning System Development Plan. Keywords: Support mechanism, attitude, best practices
Geometrical structures, electronic states, and stability of Ni n Al clusters

Density-functional with generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange-correlation potential has been used to calculate the energetically global-minimum geometries and electronic states of NinAl (n = 2–8) neutral clusters. Our calculations predict the existence of a number of previously unknown isomers. All structures may be derived from a substitution of a Ni atom at marginal positions by an Al atom in the Nin+1 cluster. Aluminum atom remains on the surface of the geometrical configurations. Moreover, these species prefer to adopt three-dimensional (3D) spacial forms at the smaller number of nickel atoms compared with the pure Nin+1 (n ≥ 3) configuration. Atomization energies per atom for NinAl (n = 2–8) have the same trend as the binding energies per atom for Nin (n = 3–9). The stabilization energies reveal that Ni5Al is the relatively most stable in this series. In comparison with the magnetic moment of pure metal nickel (0.6 μB), the average magnetic moment of Ni atom increases in NiAl clusters except the Ni3Al. Moreover, except the case of Ni5Al, Ni average magnetic moment decreases when alloyed with Al atoms than that in pure Ni clusters, which originate the effective charge transferring from Al to Ni atoms. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Methane reduction and energy partitioning in goats fed two concentrations of tannin from Mimosa spp.

SUMMARY Dietary manipulation is one promising approach to reducing methane (CH4) emissions from forage-fed ruminants. Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding two concentrations of tannins from Mimosa spp. on rumen fermentation, methanogenesis and energy partitioning in goats. Adult male goats were used in three trials where three diets with increasing concentrations of tannins (control, low-tannin and high-tannin) were fed in a switch-over design. The control diet consisted of 0·65 timothy hay, 0·20 crushed maize and 0·15 soybean meal; low- and high-tannin diets contained 0·975 and 0·950 of the control diet, respectively, mixed with 0·025 and 0·050 of a commercial compound containing tannins with mean crude protein (CP) of 147 g/kg dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) 19 MJ/kg DM, respectively. Total contents (DM basis) of tannins (hydrolysable and condensed) in the control, low- and high-tannin diets were 0, 2·8 and 5·6 g/kg DM, respectively. The tannin source contained 37 and 76 g/kg DM of condensed and hydrolysable tannins, respectively (DM basis). The DM (664 g/d) and GE intakes (19·0 MJ/d) were similar among diet groups. Digestibilities of all dietary components in the high-tannin diet were lower (P < 0·05) than low-tannin and control diets. The faecal energy (MJ/d) output was lowest in the control diet (3·49) and increased (P < 0·05) in tannin-fed goats (3·80; 4·87) resulting in a corresponding decrease in digestible energy (DE). Methane emission, expressed both on absolute and per unit of feed intake basis, decreased (P < 0·05) with increasing concentration of tannins in the diet. For example, CH4 energy excretion was 0·98, 0·87 and 0·76 MJ/d for goats on control, low- and high-tannin diets, respectively, whereas their corresponding values for CH4 conversion ratio were 0·079, 0·069 and 0·060 of GE intake. These results suggest that natural tannins, even at a low concentration (2·8 g/kg DM of the diet), reduce CH4 emissions, and tree leaves containing appreciable amounts of tannins may potentially be exploited as natural feed additives in ruminants.
Enlargement of uniform micropores in hierarchically ordered micro–mesoporous carbon for high level decontamination of bisphenol A

In this work we prepared hierarchically ordered micro–mesoporous carbon with enlarged uniform micropores, specifically tailored for the high level adsorption of environmental pollutant bisphenol A (BPA). Sizes of both the primary micropore (1.3 nm) and the primary mesopore (9.0 nm) could be tuned by controlling the condensation behavior of phloroglucinol–terephthalaldehyde resin in a tri-constituent system based on evaporation induced self-assembly. As a result of this the special structure was able to develop high surface area (623–1985 m2 g−1) and large pore volume (0.7–2.3 cm3 g−1). By tuning the micropore size to accommodate the molecular dimensions of BPA, an ultra-high adsorption capacity of 1106 mg g−1 was achieved, three times higher than previously reported values. Kinetic studies revealed that high pore interconnectivity and micropore accessibility were the key to unrestricted adsorbate diffusion through the pore channels and the subsequent high level adsorption. This development sheds new light on the importance of the carbon source in the control of pore size in carbons. The materials hold great potential for application in the purification of industrial process water with high level BPA contamination.
Trace Level Direct Determination of Phosphorus in Petroleum Products with High Particulate Content

Abstract Petrochemical samples are difficult matrices, as they cover a wide range of volatilities, densities, viscosities, and quantities of particulate matter. The analysis of organic samples has always been a challenge for inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). More volatile than aqueous solutions, an organic matrix affects the plasma robustness and stability and creates complicated spectral backgrounds. As a result, the detection limits in organic as compared to aqueous samples are degraded. The goal of this study was to develop a robust and reliable method for trace level phosphorus determination in petroleum products with high particulate content. Selecting the correct sample introduction system, particularly the nebulizer as its most critical component, and optimization of instrument operating parameters are expected to significantly improve the analytical performance of the developed method. Three nebulizers were evaluated, and the analytical performance for the determination of low phosphorus concentration in a number of challenging petrochemical samples with high particulate content was compared. The evaluation included one concentric and two non-concentric nebulizers specifically designed to handle samples with large particles. In order to achieve the lowest possible quantification limits, the optimization of the dilution ratio was carried out for each studied matrix. The results clearly showed that the lowest quantification limit of 0.08 mg kg−1 at 1:3 dilution ratio as well as accuracy, precision, and ability to handle samples with high particulate content was achieved by using one of the non-concentric nebulizers.
Unidades fraseológicas especializadas eventivas en el Subtitulado para Sordos (SpS) de un producto audiovisual colombiano

This work is based on the cultural differences between sender and receiver and their impact on the communicative act of translation. The objective of this communication is to present the results of the analysis of eventual specialized phraseological units (UFE) related to the peace process in Colombia in SDH of the documentary “To End a War”. From there, it is intended to explore a documentary to identify and analyze the eventive UFE starting from the concept of these of Bevilacqua (2004) who suggests they describe processes and actions of an area of knowledge. With the final UFE, an analysis was carried out to analyze their frequency of appearance in SDH, characteristics and a classification from the theory of Bevilacqua (2004), among others. The results of the investigation allowed us to conclude that the eventive UFE describe stages of the peace process in Colombia and literality in SDH was the tendency.