Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectrum and Energy Efficient Relaying Algorithms for Selective AF-OFDM Systems

This paper proposes a selective AF-OFDM (Amplify-and-Forward, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) relaying protocol, in which selective relaying policy is adequately utilized to improve the spectrum efficiency of cooperative multi-carrier transmission, and addresses the power minimization problem subject to a target quality of service (QoS) constraint for corresponding battery-operated systems. By transforming the original power minimization issue into a two-stage problem, i.e., a power loading subproblem and a selective relaying policy decision subproblem, an energy efficient power control (PC) technique is proposed. Specifically, the binary selective relaying policies are determined for each subcarrier based upon channel state information (CSI), while power loading can be mathematically solved by employing standard Lagrange techniques, leading to analytical solutions for individual transmit powers at the source and the relay. In order to further improve the energy efficiency, an independent \emph{min-min} relay selection policy is investigated by making use of available diversity of the multiple-relay channel. Numerical results illustrate the superiority of the proposed selective AF-OFDM relaying protocol and validate the efficiency of our proposed algorithms. It is shown that with PC, the proposed selective AF-OFDM relaying can significantly reduce the system power consumption, and the \emph{min-min} relay selection policy is more appropriate than the conventional \emph{max-min} strategy for our transmission protocol.
Error detection, fault location and reconfiguration for 2D mesh processing element arrays for digital signal processing

Presents a new and efficient error detection and fault location technique suitable for high performance application specific processing element (PE) arrays. In the proposed scheme, two spare PEs are located within four PEs, which forms a reconfigurable fault-tolerant module (RFTM). Any spare can functionally replace any one of the primary PEs within the RTFM. Since spares are physically close to the PEs that they replace, reconfiguration interconnections are short, thus minimizing the performance degradation. The new fault tolerant structure, RFTM, not only provides error detection mechanism, but also achieves fault tolerance. The authors have developed an error detection and fault location algorithm for the RFTM, which makes use of the information that is only available in a fault tolerant structure, but not available in other local redundancy techniques. Then, a systematic way of fault isolation was presented. A major contribution of this paper is that the authors approached the error detection, fault location and fault isolation in a unified way within the RFTM. The simple error detection and fault location mechanism turned out to result in a lean implementation of RFTM. <<ETX>>
Fifteen minute consultation: headache in children under 5 years of age

Headache occurring in children under the age of 5 years may cause a high level of anxiety in both parents and medical professionals. Crucial to a consultation about this problem will be to actively seek out clues to sinister pathologies, and investigate or reassure as appropriate. Making a positive diagnosis of a primary headache disorder where one exists is also important; however, in young children, headache does not always conform to well-established diagnostic criteria. This short guide provides a practical overview using the scenario of a new referral to the outpatient clinic.
Improving Employment Outcomes of Breast Cancer Survivors

A major consequence of surviving cancer is that treatment-related symptoms can persist and result in work disability. This problem will continue to escalate as treatment becomes more successful and the workforce ages. Employment is a critical component of quality of life, yet no effective intervention exists to improve employment outcomes following a cancer diagnosis. An innovative, interdisciplinary approach to improve work ability was used to develop a web-based, information support system for breast cancer survivors. Strategies from human factors engineering (HFE), decision support, and oncology symptom management were used to develop the WISE ( W ork ability I mprovement through S ymptom management and E rgonomic education), a survivor-centered intervention. The conceptual framework for the WISE is based on a macroergonomics work systems model that evaluates aspects of the work system and its interaction with the individual. The content and format of the WISE is based on recommendations from subject matter experts and end users. Application of HFE methods may empower survivors to maximize employment and economic self-sufficiency. The purpose of this poster presentation is to report on the content development and refinement of the WISE.
Barreiras pessoais para prática de atividade física percebidas por portadores de AIDS

The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of personal barriers to physical activity perceived by patients with AIDS. Thirty-five subjects, both genders, voluntarily participated in this study. Three questionnaires were applied in the following sequence: a) perceived personal barriers to physical activity, b) the level of habitual physical activity, and c) Socioeconomic. The prevalence of adequate physical activity during leisure time (≥ 150 min / week) was 23.5%. The main personal barriers perceived to physical activity were: (1) laziness or fatigue (48.6%), (2) lack of company (45.7%), (3) injury or illness (37.2 %), (4) lack of money and fear of injury (34.3% for both). The results suggest that the main barrier perceived by participants to personal physical activity is related to the side effects of antiretroviral drugs used to control AIDS.
Sampling techniques of non-equally probable faults in VLSI systems

The purpose of this paper is to present a novel methodology for defect-oriented (DO) fault sampling, and its implementation in a new extraction tool, lobs. The methodology is based on the statistics theory, and on the application of the concepts of estimation of totals over subpopulations and stratified sampling to the fault sampling problem. The proposed sampling methodology applies to non-equally probable DO faults, exhibiting a wide range of probabilities of occurrence, and leads to confidence intervals similar to the ones obtained with equally probable faults. ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits are laid out and lobs used to ascertain the results.
The Conceptual Coupling Metrics for Object-Oriented Systems

Coupling in software has been linked with maintainability and existing metrics are used as predictors of external software quality attributes such as fault-proneness, impact analysis, ripple effects of changes, changeability, etc. Many coupling measures for object-oriented (OO) software have been proposed, each of them capturing specific dimensions of coupling. This paper presents a new set of coupling measures for OO systems - named conceptual coupling, based on the semantic information obtained from the source code, encoded in identifiers and comments. A case study on open source software systems is performed to compare the new measures with existing structural coupling measures. The case study shows that the conceptual coupling captures new dimensions of coupling, which are not captured by existing coupling measures; hence it can be used to complement the existing metrics
A randomised placebo-controlled trial of early treatment of the patent ductus arteriosus

Objective Failure of closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) may be associated with harm. Early cardiac ultrasound-targeted treatment of a large PDA may result in a reduction in adverse outcomes and need for later PDA closure with no increase in adverse effects. Study design Multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial. Setting Three neonatal intensive care units in Australia. Patients and interventions Eligible infants born <29 weeks were screened for a large PDA and received indomethacin or placebo before age 12 h. Main outcome Death or abnormal cranial ultrasound. Results The trial ceased enrolment early due to lack of availability of indomethacin. 164 eligible infants were screened before 12 h; of the 92 infants with a large PDA, 44 were randomised to indomethacin and 48 to placebo. There was no difference in the main outcome between groups. Infants receiving early indomethacin had significantly less early pulmonary haemorrhage (PH) (2% vs 21%), a trend towards less periventricular/intraventricular haemorrhage (PIVH) (4.5% vs 12.5%) and were less likely to receive later open-label treatment for a PDA (20% vs 40%). The 72 non-randomised infants with a small PDA were at low risk of pulmonary haemorrhage and had an 80% spontaneous PDA closure rate. Conclusions Early cardiac ultrasound-targeted treatment of a large PDA is feasible and safe, resulted in a reduction in early pulmonary haemorrhage and later medical treatment but had no effect on the primary outcome of death or abnormal cranial ultrasound. Registered Trial Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12608000295347).
Preprocessing the noise in legacy user permission assignment data for role mining — An industrial practice

Little is known about how to preprocess the noise in legacy access control data when migrating to the Role-based Access Control model. This paper presents an experience report on the noise preprocess method of the legacy access control data of several financial systems. The main goal of this project is to improve the quality of the roles obtained via role mining.
What makes a good code example?: A study of programming Q&A in StackOverflow

Programmers learning how to use an API or a programming language often rely on code examples to support their learning activities. However, what makes for an effective ode example remains an open question. Finding the haracteristics of the effective examples is essential in improving the appropriateness of these learning aids. To help answer this question we have onducted a qualitative analysis of the questions and answers posted to a programming Q&A web site called StackOverflow. On StackOverflow answers can be voted on, indicating which answers were found helpful by users of the site. By analyzing these well-received answers we identified haracteristics of effective examples. We found that the explanations acompanying examples are as important as the examples themselves. Our findings have implications for the way the API documentation and example set should be developed and evolved as well as the design of the tools assisting the development of these materials.
Health‐based environmental indicators: approaches, potential and limitations

The concept of indicators has long been applied for describing the trends and dynamics in both the environment and in human health. In recent years, significant effort has been devoted to estimating the negative impacts of the environment on human health, as well as to developing integrated metrics for the evaluation of the adverse health outcomes attributable to environmental exposures. The health-based environmental indicators (HBEIs) are measures designed to describe the status of human health with direct reference to the environmental conditions. Important potentials and limitations of the most promising approaches for developing HBEIs are examined from both a national and New Jersey prospective. The strengths and applicability of the health-based environmental measures are discussed with respect to the complex nature of the host–environment interactions and the scientific uncertainty about the environmental causation of diseases. It is concluded that the health-based environmental indicators are only supplemental tools for understanding of the relationship between environment and public health and do not provide solutions for the problems that might be encountered. Nevertheless, they can be efficiently used for improved environmental management and policy decisions. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is state mapping essential for equivalence checking custom memories in scan-based designs?

Equivalence checking between Register Transfer Level (RTL) descriptions and transistor level descriptions of custom memories is an important step in the design flow of high performance microprocessors. Equivalence checking can be done with or without the knowledge of state mapping between the two descriptions. We present evidence that because of state mapping, our verification technique exercises system behavior that exposes hard-to-detect bugs that might otherwise go undetected. This paper defines Crossover Bugs (CB's) that can be present in scan-based custom designs and that are inherently hard-to-detect without state mapping. We demonstrate that such bugs can be missed by equivalence checking techniques that do not have state mappings between the two descriptions. By identifying the state correspondences between the RTL and the transistor implementation of custom memories, a more rigorous equivalence check can be performed compared to traditional equivalence checking methods such as product machine constructions. We also compare the time and memory complexities of crossover bug detection capability of the two equivalence checking approaches. We conclude with experimental results of CB detection on some of the custom designed embedded memories of Motorola's MPC 7455 microprocessor (compliant with IBM's PowerPC instruction set architecture).
Rehabilitation in forensic psychiatry: Punishment or treatment?

This paper evaluated whether the pattern of care of forensic psychiatric patients in Auckland, New Zealand implied treatment for their illness, or punishment for their offending. The research sought to determine whether progress for these patients was correlated with clinical improvement and/or clinically mediated risk reduction, or by time served proportional to the severity of their offending, and/or other criminological factors. Access to unsupervised leave was used as a proxy measure of rehabilitative progress. A non-experimental cross-sectional analysis of all 96 patients rehabilitating at the Auckland Regional Forensic Psychiatry Services (ARFPS) was undertaken. The relationship between patient access to unsupervised leave and a comprehensive range of clinical, risk assessment and criminological variables was examined. Results indicated that progress was generally correlated with the clinical, but not other, variables, suggesting that a therapeutic paradigm prevailed.
An integrated CAD-robotics system for total knee replacement surgery

An integrated system has been developed that allows the surgeon to more accurately place implant components during total knee surgery. A graphic computer displaying 3-D CT (computed tomography) data of the patient's knee is used to perform more informed and accurate preoperative planning. In the operating room, a robot and specially designed fixturing aid the surgeon in performing the bone resections as determined in the preoperative plan. Crucial to the accuracy of this system is the rigid immobilization of the involved bones and the robot's ability to determine their exact locations in space. The rationale and an overview of this system are presented as well as a discussion of some of the technical issues that have arisen. <<ETX>>
A technique for dynamic range improvement of intermodulation distortion products for an Interpolating DAC-based Arbitrary Waveform Generator using a phase switching algorithm

This paper describes a phase switching algorithm for Interpolating Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) based Arbitrary Waveform Generators (AWG). This was possible by using the standard phase switching algorithm with the addition of simple phase offset and systematic phase difference adjustment; this was discovered by experimenting with suppression of the intermodulation distortion (IMD) components of a two-tone signal. In this case, we examine the 3rd, 5th and 7th order IMD tones and the effect of the phase switching algorithm and phase shift has on the AWG by measurement with a digitizer. Then we show what the effect of the developed two-tone phase switching technique has upon the performance measurement of a 16-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). It is shown that using the original algorithm, no improvement could be achieved for the odd order IMD products. However, by using an even order suppression technique (another phase difference) with a phase shift, a suppression was achieved compared to the standard two-tone signal generation (without phase switching). We show how this technique allows the use of a low-cost tester resource to test IMD products with a higher dynamic range than was previously possible.
4D Photogeometric face recognition with time-of-flight sensors

Methods for 2D/3D face recognition typically combine results obtained independently from the 2D and 3D data, respectively. There has not been much emphasis on data fusion at an early stage, even though it is at least potentially more powerful to exploit possible synergies between the two modalities. In this paper, we propose photogeometric features that interpret both the photometric texture and geometric shape information of 2D manifolds in a consistent manner. The 4D features encode the spatial distribution of gradients that are derived generically for any scalar field on arbitrary organized surface meshes. We apply the descriptor for biometric face recognition with a time-of-flight sensor. The method consists of three stages: (i) facial landmark localization with a HOG/SVM sliding window framework, (ii) extraction of photogeometric feature descriptors from time-of-flight data, using the inherent grayscale intensity information of the sensor as the 2D manifold's scalar field, (iii) probe matching against the gallery. Recognition based on the photogeometric features achieved 97.5% rank-1 identification rate on a comprehensive time-of-flight dataset (26 subjects, 364 facial images).
Towards Fine-Grained Open Zero-Shot Learning: Inferring Unseen Visual Features from Attributes

Zero-shot Learning (ZSL) can leverage attributes to recognise unseen instances. However, the training data is limited and cannot adequately discriminate fine-grained classes with similar attributes. In this paper, we propose a complementary procedure that inversely makes use of attributes to infer discriminative visual features for unseen classes. In this way, ZSL is fully converted into conventional supervised classification, where robust classifiers can be employed to address the fine-grained problem. To infer high-quality unseen data, we propose a novel algorithm named Orthogonal Semantic-Visual Embedding (OSVE) that can discover the tiny visual differences between different instances under the same attribute by an orthogonal embedding space. On two fine-grained benchmarks, CUB and SUN, our method remarkably improves the state-of-the-art results under standard ZSL settings. We further challenge the Open ZSL problem where the number of seen classes is significantly smaller than that of unseen classes. Substantial experiments manifest that the inferred visual features can be successfully fed to SVM which can effectively discriminate unseen classes from fine-grained open candidates.
Fast Pedestrian Detection via Random Projection Features with Shape Prior

Accurate pedestrian detection with high speed is always of great interests especially for practical application. Detectors usually follow the feature selection paradigm, and need to first construct rich and diverse features. In particular, current state-of-the-arts generate more channels of feature by convolving the basic feature channels with filter banks, which significantly improves accuracy. In this paper, we propose to apply random projection over the basic feature channels, implicitly selecting feature from a much larger feature space. Our method is more efficient than the ones employing filter banks by avoiding the convolution operation. We further impose shape prior to guide the random projection, making the generated feature be more robust to occlusion, pose variation and scale change. Experimental results on Caltech pedestrian dataset demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of our method. Compared with thestate-of-arts, our method can achieve 5-10× speedup with comparable accuracy.
Pareto-MEC for multi-objective optimization

This paper proposes a new multi-objective optimization algorithm - Pareto Mind Evolutionary Computation (Pareto-MEC), which introduces the theory of Pareto into MEC for the multi-objective optimization. In the reference algorithms of Rand, VEGA, NSGA and SPEA, SPEA has the superior performance. Pareto-MEC is compared with these reference algorithms on a suit of four different test problems: convexity, non-convexity, discreteness and non-uniformity. On all test problems, Pareto-MEC outperforms Rand, VEGA and NSGA; it is as good as SPEA on the first three test problems; it beats SPEA on the last test problem. Different from the reference algorithms that use the pre-specified generation number as their terminations, Pareto-MEC has an objective termination criterion that can ensure the quality of solutions and the computational efficiency.
A new method for scoring financial conflicts of interest

Abstract Background: There is a large and consistent body of evidence showing that research sponsored by for-profit industries tends to have pro-industry conclusions in comparison with similar research or re-analyses not funded by industry. Disclosure of financial conflicts via statements is presently the standard method for notification of potential biases. However, many journals are not consistent in publishing financial conflicts of interest (FCoI) statements. Furthermore, even when divulged, disclosure merely shifts the burden of evaluating conflicts to readers and the general public. Moreover, there has been an absence of a means of quantifying FCoI. Objectives: To propose a solution for the question: What are we doing about FCoI that continue to compromise the integrity of the scientific enterprise? Methods: The FCoI Scale was developed for scoring and comparing FCoI and describing potential biases. Results: The FCoI Scale consists of a score that may be expressed in whole numbers and decimal fractions, correlated to descriptive terms for potential biases and examples of financial conflicts at 11 levels. Conclusions: The FCoI score (FCoIS) provides a means for a more uniform and concise method of disclosure compared to statements, while at the same time permitting flexibility. It encourages the disclosure of relevant information and transparency in the reporting of financial conflicts. The FCoI Scale has the potential to become the standard basis for measuring, reporting, and comparing financial conflicts, suitable for disciplines in science, medicine, and beyond.