Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Food items detection and recognition via multiple deep models

Abstract. We address the problem of food items detection and recognizing different food categories in images. Given the variety of food items with low inter- and high intraclass variations and the limited information contained in a single image, the problem is known to be particularly hard. In order to achieve better detection and recognition capabilities, we propose a joint use of multiple classifiers trained on features extracted via multiple deep models using different fusion techniques, including an early and two different late fusion schemes, namely induced order weighted averaging and particle swarm optimization based fusion. Moreover, we assess the performance of different deep models in food items detection and recognition. Experimental evaluations are carried out on two large-scale benchmark datasets, demonstrating better results for the proposed approach.
Analysis and Design of a PM-Assisted Wound Rotor Synchronous Machine With Reluctance Torque Enhancement

In this article, a novel structure is proposed for a wound rotor synchronous machine with a small ferrite magnet in each rotor pole. The key is to achieve a higher reluctance torque term and also acquire torque-angle approaching that would allow the field torque and reluctance torque to reach maximum values at the closed current phase angle for efficient production of the average total torque. The assisting ferrite magnet in the proposed model helps compensate the q-axis flux while keeping the d-axis flux unchanged as much as possible, for enhancing reluctance torque and power factor. Meanwhile, the assisting ferrite magnet makes an asymmetrical magnetic flux distribution to close the current phase angles between the maximum of the field torque and the reluctance torque. Moreover, the related parameters of the assisting ferrite magnet in the proposed structure were determined by optimal techniques using the Kriging method and genetic algorithm. In addition, the potential for demagnetization of the assisting magnet was analyzed and the results verified that this would not affect the motor output performance. Finally, prototypes are manufactured for the experiments to verify the principle analysis and finite element analysis results.
DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL INDOLE-THALIDOMIDE HYBRIDS ANALOGS

Abstract A series of novel Indole-Thalidomide hybrids were designed and synthesized in a good yield to improve and develop higher potency and selective anti-tumor agents. By two steps alkylation of Indole with Thalidomide then react the product with different active methylene groups.Their antiprolifer-ative evaluation activities against HCT 116 (colon cancer cell line), HepG2 (liver cancer cell line) and MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line). In vitro were tested by using Sulforhodamine-B stain (SRB) assay. The chemical structures of all synthesized analogs were elucidated on the basis of their spectral IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass spectroscopy and element analysis. The result of the present work indicated all new analogs showed good activity toward all the tested cell lines, analog 8 has broad-spectrum anticancer activity toward all the tested cancer cell lines, followed by analog 2. The apop-tosis evaluation for new analogs on Caspase-3, Bcl2 and Bax shown the best activity for analogs 2 and 8, so that the two analogs were histopathologi-cally investigated.
The influence of molasses and yeast culture on the performance of growing bulls on grass silage-based diet

The effects of dietary inclusion of yeast culture (YC) and of gradually increasing proportion of sugar beet molasses [0 (M 0 ) , 100 (M 1 0 0 ) and 200 (M 2 0 0 ) g kg"] in the concentrate mixture on feed intake, live weight gain and carcass characteristics of growing Ayrshire bulls were examined in a 3 x 2 factorial design. Twenty-eight animals with a mean initial hveweight (LW) of 268 kg were used. Molasses replaced a part of concentrate, which was based on a mixture (1:1) of barley and sugar beet pulp. Grass silage was offered ad libitum and the concentrate supplements at the rate of 100 g per LW° 6 on air dry basis. YC (5 g day') was top-dressed on the concentrate. Feed intake was not affected by the treatments but LW gain decreased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing rate of molasses (1.21, 1.16 and 1.09 kg day"; SEM 0.029). As the proportion of molasses increased from 0 to 200 g/kg concentrate the efficiency of feed conversion declined (linear effect P < 0.01) from 6.10 to 6.75 kg D M kg" LW gain. YC had no significant effect either on feed intake (7.26 vs 7.49 kg day") or LW gain (1.14 vs 1.17 kg day"). Yeast interacted with concentrate so that with M 0 LW gain was increased and with M 2 0 0 decreased by YC. The differences in carcass weight and carcass gain reflected a pattern similar to those in LW gain. Dressing proportion and fat grades were not affected by the treatments but carcass quality grade was better in animals receiving YC.
Wildfire smoke in the lower stratosphere identified by in situ CO observations

Abstract. Wildfires emit large quantities of aerosols and trace gases, which occasionally reach the lower stratosphere. In August 2017, several pyro-cumulonimbus events injected a large amount of smoke into the stratosphere, observed by lidar and satellites. Satellite observations are in general the main method of detecting these events since in situ aircraft- or balloon-based measurements of atmospheric composition at higher altitudes are not made frequently enough. This work presents accidental balloon-borne trace gas observations of wildfire smoke in the lower stratosphere, identified by enhanced CO mole fractions at approximately 13.6 km. In addition to CO mole fractions, CO2 mole fractions and isotopic composition of CO (δ13C and δ18O) have been measured in air samples, from both the wildfire plume and background, collected using an AirCore and a lightweight stratospheric air sampler (LISA) flown on a weather balloon from Sodankylä (4–7 September 2017; 67.37∘ N, 26.63∘ E; 179 m a.m.s.l.), Finland. The greenhouse gas enhancement ratio (ΔCO:ΔCO2) and the isotopic signature based on δ13C(CO) and δ18O(CO) independently identify wildfire emissions as the source of the stratospheric CO enhancement. Back-trajectory analysis was performed with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS), tracing the smoke's origin to wildfires in British Columbia with an injection date of 12 August 2017. The trajectories are corrected for vertical displacement due to heating of the wildfire aerosols, by observations made by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument. Knowledge of the age of the smoke allowed for a correction of the enhancement ratio, ΔCO:ΔCO2, for the chemical removal of CO by OH. The stable isotope observations were used to estimate the amount of tropospheric air in the plume at the time of observation to be about 45±21 %. Finally, the plume extended over 1 km in altitude, as inferred from the observations.
Lipids in photosynthesis : essential and regulatory functions

From the Series Editor. - Contents. - Preface. - Author Index. - Colour Plates. - 1.Lipids in Thylakoid Membranes and Photosynthesizing Cells Hajime Wada and Norio Murata. - 2.Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Plants - Metabolic Pathways, Structure and Organization Adrian P. Brown, Antoni R. Slabas and John B. Rafferty. - 3.Biosynthesis and Function of Chloroplast Lipids Mie Shimojima, Hiroyuki Ohta and Yuki Nakamura. - 4.Lipids in Plant Mitochondria Radin Sadre and Margrit Frentzen. -5.Plant Sphingolipids Structure, Synthesis and Function Ming Chen, Edgar Cahoon, Mariana Saucedo-Garcia, Javier Plasencia, and Marina Gavilanes-Ruiz. -6.Lipids in Algae, Mosses and Lichens Reimund Goss and Christian Wilhelm. -7.Molecular Genetics of Lipid Metabolism in the Model Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Eric Moellering, Rachel Miller and Christoph Benning. -8.Lipid Biosynthesis and its Regulation in Cyanobacteria Norihiro Sato and Hajime Wada. -9.Heterocyst Envelope Glycolipids Koichiro Awai, Sigal Lechno-Yossef and Peter Wolk. -10.Lipids in the Structure of Photosystem I, Photosystem II and the Cyt b6f complex Jan Kern, Athina Zouni, Albert Guskov, and Norbert Krauss. -11.The Role of Phosphatidylglycerol in Photosynthesis Hajime Wada and Naoki Mizusawa. -12.The Role of Glycolipids in Photosynthesis Peter Dormann and Georg Holzl. -13.Role of Lipids in Dynamics of Thylakoid Membranes Conrad W. Mullineaux and Helmut Kirchhoff. -14.Architecture of Thylakoid Membrane Networks Reinat Nevo, Silvia G. Chuartzman, Onie Tsabari,Ziv Reich, Dana Charuvi and Eyal Shimoni. -15.Regulatory Role of Membrane Fluidity in Gene Expression Dmitry A. Los and Vladislav V. Zinchenko. -16.Lipid Trafficking in Plant Photosynthetic Cells Juliette Jouhet, Emmanuelle Dubots, Eric Marechal, and Maryse A. Block. -17.Regulatory Roles in Photosynthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Membrane Lipids Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev, Dmitry A. Los and Norio Murata. -18.Oxidation of Membrane Lipids and Function of Oxylipins John Browse. -19.Biosynthesis and Biotechnology of Seed Lipids Including Sterols Knut Meyer, and Anthony J. Kinney. -20.Advanced Mass Spectrometry Methods for Analysis of Lipids from Photosynthetic Organisms Bettina Seiwert, Patrick Giavalisco and Lothar Willmitzer. - Index
Integration of Interdigitated Electrodes in Split-Ring Resonator for Detecting Liquid Mixtures

A microwave microfluidic sensor for detecting binary liquid mixtures with a dielectric method at RF/microwave frequencies is presented in this article. The sensor is based on a split-ring resonator (SRR) that is implemented in a microstrip transmission line, with interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) being integrated into the ring for liquid detection. Based on the equivalent circuit of the IDE-SRR device and with a series of finite element simulations, the detection theory is developed, and the device design optimization is investigated. The validation measurements on water–isopropanol liquid mixtures with various concentrations show that the proposed IDE-SRR sensor has higher sensitivity than the previous standard SRR sensor. The IDE-SRR sensor is then used to detect two binary liquids, i.e., water–methanol mixtures and water–tetrahydrofuran mixtures. The measured effective permittivity results of the binary mixtures at RF/microwave frequency range are compared with the existing mixing models for binary dielectric mixtures at zero frequency.
The significance of a nitric oxide reserve and its utilisation in the human circulation

Historically nitric oxide (NO) was viewed as playing a purely paracrine role in the vasculature, acting within the vicinity of its release. Today an endocrine role of NO metabolites is widely accepted, although the species accounting for the vascular regulatory function still remains in contention. The original aim of this thesis was to analyse the two main NO metabolite hypotheses (i.e., SNO-Hb and nitrite hypotheses) to provide a more comprehensive understanding of their potential significance in the human circulation. Initially this involved developing methods capable of measuring baseline levels of NO metabolites in human blood. During this work a major confounding factor was identified influencing the measurement of NO attached to red blood cells/haemoglobin. A means was developed to overcome this via the modification an assay reagent, which was used along with several other methods to analyse NO metabolites in human blood. Ultimately however, levels of SNO-Hb at baseline were on the border of methodological sensitivity, although haemoglobin-bound NO was distinguishable. Consequently my work focused on the potential of nitrite versus haemoglobin-bound NO per se to act as endocrine NO metabolites in the human vasculature. Nitrite metabolism in human whole blood was analysed whilst the vasodilatory properties of nitrite were investigated in relation to the relaxation response observed from native red blood cells under hypoxic conditions. Finally for the first time ever NO metabolites were measured across the coronary and pulmonary vascular beds in the human circulation to address their potential to regulate vascular tone at baseline and under conditions of increased oxygen demand.
Social Stories™ with Self-Modeling to Teach Social Play Behaviors to Korean American Children with Autism

Abstract This study evaluated the effectiveness of Social Story™ with self-modeling on social skills of three Korean-American children with autism spectrum disorder. Each child and the mother read a story illustrating appropriate social initiations and responses in their preferred language and played with a designated set of toys for 10 min. Reading a Social Story™ with self-modeling that is responsive to families’ language and culture improved children’s initiations, responses, and affect. These changes were maintained during a short-term follow-up and generalized to a novel adult. Parents expressed high satisfaction with intervention procedures and outcomes. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Use of Clean Energy in On-Farm Livelihood Security

Livelihood security in rural areas can be broadly divided into three categories based on land use as primary criterion. Livelihood such as agricultural production depends on land. All such predominantly land dependent activities are covered under on-farm livelihood options. These include cultivation of paddy, wheat, vegetables, etc. Those livelihood activities that do not require cultivation but are of manufacturing or service category are called non-farm activities. These include input and output services for agriculture, agro-processing, transport, education, health, warehousing, retailing, etc. There are some activities which do not require large amount of land ownership are covered under off-farm category. These include goatery, poultry, fishery, dairy, etc. They may require access to pasture for grazing, which can be part of community or forest land. On the basis of livelihood activities practiced by households in rural areas the clean energy requirement will vary. Current study emphasizes on successful development of solar operative irrigation appliances mounted over bi-cycle. On farm use of one such case study has been deliberated from rural areas of South Odisha where the diffusion of clean energy products has taken place.
Non-ionic hydrophobic eutectics – versatile solvents for tailored metal separation and valorisation

In comparison with the well-described ionic eutectic mixtures, hydrophobic eutectic solvents (HESs) composed of two non-ionic compounds represent a relatively new class of eutectics. In this work, a number of non-ionic HESs liquid at room temperature were identified from a large initial screening of potential mixtures. Three new HESs based on thymol + TOPO (trioctylphosphine oxide), TOPO + capric acid and hydrocinnamic acid + capric acid were investigated as extracting media for the recovery and separation of platinum group and transition metals in HCl media. Full phase diagrams and physical properties including viscosities, densities, chemical stability and the influence of water were characterised, with these HESs presenting low viscosities and high hydrophobicity suitable for application as solvents for liquid–liquid extraction. By simple variation of the eutectic component the selectivity of the system for a given metal could be tuned, with the TOPO-based system displaying good to excellent selectivity towards Pt4+, Pd2+ and Fe3+ under a range of conditions. The extraction mechanism was found to vary due to a complex interplay between the HES composition, acid concentration and the predominant metal complex present. The observed extraction behaviour in HESs composed of two metal complexing ligands such as TOPO + capric acid, in which each respective component is responsible for metal extraction under given conditions, opens the possibility to design hydrophobic eutectic mixtures presenting synergistic effects. Finally, the HES phase following palladium extraction was used as the template for the formation of palladium nanoparticles. The results presented highlight the great potential of HESs as environmentally benign and tuneable media for the solvent extraction of metal ions.
11beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenasen in der Cortison/Cortisol-Umwandlung

Untersuchungen zu den Enzymen 11beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenasen Typ 1, 2 und 3. Expressionsmuster wahrend Chronisch-entzundlichen Darmerkrankungen. Etablierung von qRT-PCR-Assays. Bakterielle Uberexpression. Genexpressionsstudie mit 5-Azacytidin.
Patient-specific 3D-printed Splint for Mallet Finger Injury

Despite the frequency of mallet finger injuries, treatment options can often be costly, time-consuming, and ill-fitted. Three-dimensional (3D) printing allows for the production of highly customized and inexpensive splints, which suggests potential efficacy in the prescription of casts for musculoskeletal injuries. This study explores how the use of engineering concepts such as 3D printing and topology optimization (TO) can improve outcomes for patients. 3D printing enables the direct fabrication of the patient-specific complex shapes while utilizing finite element analysis and TO in the design of the splint allowed for the most efficient distribution of material to achieve mechanical requirements while reducing the amount of material used. The reduction in used material leads to significant improvements in weight reduction and heat dissipation, which would improve breathability and less sweating for the patient, greatly increasing comfort for the duration of their recovery.
Effects of Different Modulation Techniques on Charging Time in RF Energy-Harvesting System

Radio-frequency (RF) energy harvesting is a promising technology that obtains energy from electromagnetic waves. As an alternative energy source, this modern technology can provide power wirelessly enabling the practical use of battery-free devices and it is also expected to be widely used in future applications. Many studies have examined the effects of different modulation techniques on power or efficiency in RF energy-harvesting systems. In this article, the effects of different modulation techniques, such as amplitude shift keying (ASK), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), phase-shift keying (PSK), and frequency shift keying (FSK) on charging time, were measured and theoretically analyzed in detail. The measurement system was designed using a signal generator, an RF energy-harvesting circuit, and other auxiliary devices. The signal generator produced four different modulated signals as transmit power signals from 1 to 10 dBm at the interval of 1 dBm, and then, the RF energy-harvesting circuit was fed with these power signals. According to the measurement results, four different modulation techniques charged the RF energy-harvesting circuit at different times. It was observed that the 4-ASK modulation technique had the shortest charging time in the range of 1–10 dBm when comparing to QAM, PSK, and FSK modulation techniques, and thus, it was evaluated to be the most suitable modulation technique for the RF energy-harvesting system among these modulation techniques in terms of charging time.
Caspofungin Induced Cell Wall Changes of Candida Species Influences Macrophage Interactions

Candida species are known to differ in their ability to cause infection and have been shown to display varied susceptibilities to antifungal drugs. Treatment with the echinocandin, caspofungin, leads to compensatory alterations in the fungal cell wall. This study was performed to compare the structure and composition of the cell walls of different Candida species alone and in response to caspofungin treatment, and to evaluate how changes at the fungal cell surface affects interactions with macrophages. We demonstrated that the length of the outer fibrillar layer varied between Candida species and that, in most cases, reduced fibril length correlated with increased exposure of β-1,3-glucan on the cell surface. Candida glabrata and Candida guilliermondii, which had naturally more β-1,3-glucan exposed on the cell surface, were phagocytosed significantly more efficiently by J774 macrophages. Treatment with caspofungin resulted in increased exposure of chitin and β-1,3-glucan on the surface of the majority of Candida species isolates that were tested, with the exception of C. glabrata and Candida parapsilosis isolates. This increase in exposure of the inner cell wall polysaccharides, in most cases, correlated with reduced uptake by macrophages and in turn, a decrease in production of TNFα. Here we show that differences in the exposure of cell wall carbohydrates and variations in the repertoire of covalently attached surface proteins of different Candida species contributes to their recognition by immune cells.
Transmission dynamics of SARS-COV-2 in China: impact of public health interventions

COVID-19 has become a global pandemic. However, the impact of the public health interventions in China needs to be evaluated. We established a SEIRD model to simulate the transmission trend of China. In addition, the reduction of the reproductive number was estimated under the current forty public health interventions policies. Furthermore, the infection curve, daily transmission replication curve, and the trend of cumulative confirmed cases were used to evaluate the effects of the public health interventions. Our results showed that the SEIRD curve model we established had a good fit and the basic reproductive number is 3.38 (95% CI, 3.25-3.48). The SEIRD curve show a small difference between the simulated number of cases and the actual number; the correlation index (H2) is 0.934, and the reproductive number (R) has been reduced from 3.38 to 0.5 under the current forty public health interventions policies of China. The actual growth curve of new cases, the virus infection curve, and the daily transmission replication curve were significantly going down under the current public health interventions. Our results suggest that the current public health interventions of China are effective and should be maintained until COVID-19 is no longer considered a global threat.
Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the Zygosaccharomyces rouxiiLEU2 gene encoding a β‐isopropylmalate dehydrogenase

A DNA fragment carrying the LEU2 gene of osmotolerant yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii was isolated. The sequenced DNA fragment (2630 bp) contained two ORFs; one of them (1086 bp long, predicting a protein of 362 amino acids) shared a high degree of similarity with LEU2 genes of other yeast species. The cloned DNA fragment fully complemented the leu2 mutations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Z. rouxii. The GeneBank Accession No. for ZrLEU2 is AF314095. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single Mothers as Bricoleurs: Crafting Embryos and Kin

Single mothers by choice who delay having a child without a partner can choose to conceive with donor sperm and eggs. When they do, however, they face twin paradoxes: (a) advances in assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) make it easier to have a child but harder to make an unquestioned claim to being a mother in light of a conventional genetic narrative; and (b) children who come from the same batch of donor embryos have more in common with each other genetically than they do with their gestational mother. Those paradoxes pose fundamental questions about motherhood and kinship. For example, does gestational motherhood with two donors alter the motherhood narrative? What becomes of the role of egg donor? How do single mothers manage their extra embryos and what role do extra embryos play in kinship? In-depth interviews with 42 single women suggest that they respond to the paradoxical effects of ARTs by engaging in a new process of motherhood—maternal bricolage—first in crafting embryos and then in finding homes for the ones they do not use. As bricoleurs, they challenge extant definitions of motherhood and kinship.