Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Methodology to Select Topology Generators for Ad Hoc Mesh Network Simulations

Many academic and industrial research working on Wireless Communications and Networking rely on simulations, at least in the first stages, to obtain preliminary results to be subsequently validated in real settings. Topology generators (TG) are commonly used to generate the initial placement of nodes in artificial Ad Hoc Mesh Network topologies, where those simulations take place. The significance of these experiments heavily depends on the representativeness of artificial topologies. Indeed, if they were not drawn fairly, obtained results would apply only to a subset of possible configurations, hence they would lack of the appropriate generality required to port them to the real world. Although using many TGs could mitigate this issue by generating topologies in several different ways, that would entail a significant additional effort. Hence, the problem arises of what TGs to choose, among a number of available generators, to maximise the representativeness of generated topologies and reduce the number of TGs to use. In this paper, we address that problem by investigating the presence of bias in the initial placement of nodes in artificial Ad Hoc Mesh Network topologies produced by different TGs. We propose a methodology to assess such bias and introduce a metric to quantify the diversity of the topologies generated by a TG with respect to all the available TGs, which can be used to select what TGs to use. We carry out experiments on three well-known TGs, namely BRITE, NPART and GT-ITM. Obtained results show that using the artificial networks produced by a single TG can introduce bias.
Privacy Guarantees in Geolocation Services

Nowadays a lot of people use location-based services (LBS) to get information for example: the nearest restaurant, allowing to post a recommendation on the social network about that place making it useful for everyone. That type of content inside of a LBS is a gold mine for companies because with that they can learn, using pattern mining techniques, favorite places, frequent user trajectories, etc. exposing home location or any other type of private detail, which raises concerns about location privacy. It is a challenge to create a mechanism capable of having an excellent balance between privacy protection and utility of the data against attacks (e.g. probabilistic inference attack, background attack, etc.). The anonymization mechanism AdaTrace [5] seems to have the robustness to handle that challenge. So, with the help of AdaTrace components and our tool that identifies the best risk areas on the map to expose points of a trajectory that are consider as important and it also has a method that distributes privacy (noise) across the sub-paths of the trajectory. All of this allows to publish content that is more useful with a significant anonymization component to prevent them from discovering clues, through places that people have passed along the trajectory, where one can discover personal information knowing what kind of person is, for example, someone with reduced mobility chooses a route without stairs.
HLA-DPA1 gene is a potential predictor with prognostic values in multiple myeloma

Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological tumor, which is closely related to hypoxic bone marrow microenvironment. However, the underlying mechanisms are still far from fully understood. We took integrated bioinformatics analysis with expression profile GSE110113 downloaded from National Center for Biotechnology Information-Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI-GEO) database, and screened out major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 1 (HLA-DPA1) as a hub gene related to hypoxia in MM. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were filtrated with R package “limma”. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were performed using “clusterProfiler” package in R. Then, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established. Hub genes were screened out according to Maximal Clique Centrality (MCC). PrognoScan evaluated all the significant hub genes for survival analysis. ScanGEO was used for visualization of gene expression in different clinical studies. P and Cox p value < 0.05 was considered to be statistical significance. Results HLA-DPA1 was finally picked out as a hub gene in MM related to hypoxia. MM patients with down-regulated expression of HLA-DPA1 has statistically significantly shorter disease specific survival (DSS) (COX p = 0.005411). Based on the clinical data of GSE47552 dataset, HLA-DPA1 expression showed significantly lower in MM patients than that in healthy donors (HDs) ( p = 0.017). Conclusion We identified HLA-DPA1 as a hub gene in MM related to hypoxia. HLA-DPA1 down-regulated expression was associated with MM patients’ poor outcome. Further functional and mechanistic studies are need to investigate HLA-DPA1 as potential therapeutic target.
Degree of trace metal pyritization in sediments from the Pacific coast of baja california, mexico

Se analizaron sedimentos de un nucleo recolectado en la costa del Pacifico de Baja California, ~45km de la costa de la ciudad de Tijuana y a 1257 m de profundidad del agua (32o29.5¢N, 117o28.3 ¢W), para determinar su contenido de metales traza en dos fracciones operacionalmente definidas, HCl y pirita. Los resultados indican una transferencia de Cu > Ni > Zn >> Hg y Ag de la fraccion HCl a la fase piritica. Los grados de piritizacion (DOP) en los sedimentos promediaron 7.2 ± 4.9%, con un valor maximo de 18.5%. Los valores promedio de los grados de piritizacion de metales traza (DTMP) abarcaron el intervalo de 6.2 ± 2.1% a 83 ± 18% para Mn y Hg, respectivamente, aunque los valores maximos para algunos metales estuvieron cercanos al 100%. Esta transferencia aparentemente es funcion de los productos de solubilidad de los sulfuros metalicos y de la abundancia relativa de metales en la fraccion HCl, como sugiere la correlacion significativa (p Ni > Zn >> Hg and Ag from the HCl to the pyrite fraction. Sediments have degrees of pyritization (DOP) that averaged 7.2 ± 4.9%, with a maximum value of 18.5%. Average degrees of trace metal pyritization (DTMP) ranged from 6.2 ± 2.1% to 83 ± 18% for Mn and Hg, respectively, although maximum values for some metals were close to 100%. This transference is apparently a function of the solubility products of metal sulfides and the relative abundances of metals in the HCl fraction, as suggested by the significant correlation (p < 0.001) observed between these two parameters and the DTMP of a number of trace metals. A similar correlation was obtained from published data of two cores collected in the Gulf of Mexico.
Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia Coli on Water at Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia

In this study antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli from household water collected in Hafr AlBatin, Saudi Arabia, were characterized by prevalence of extended spectrum betalactamase (ESBL). Samples were collected from drinking and washing water at 12 locations. From the 144 samples obtained, Millipore membrane filters incubated on trypton soya agar plates produced colonies that yielded 34 isolates of E. coli as verified by biochemical tests. Isolates suspected ESBL producing were tested by using MicroScan analysis and disc diffusion test as ESBL phenotypic confirmatory methods. Phenotypically confirmed ESBL isolates were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility against 30 antibiotics and amplification of blaVEM, blaCTX, blaTEM, blaGES and blaSHV genes by polymerase chain reaction. Out of 34 E. coli isolates, only 6 (17.6%) were positive for ESBL producing according to MicroScan analysis. Disk diffusion as a confirmatory test indicates sensitivity of MicroScan system. PCR results indicated that the VEB was the most prevalent (83.3%) followed by CTX gene (16.6%) between these isolates. The ESBL-producing E. coli isolates was fully susceptible to pip/tazo (100%) and fully resistance to ampicillin, cefazolin and pepracillin (100%). This study showed that ESBL-producing E. coli are multidrug-resistant and existent in Hafr Al Batin’s water. Also, data indicated that wastewater maybe contributes as a source and reservoir of antibiotic resistance.
Short-term Impacts of Prescribed Burning on the Spider Community (Order: Araneae) in a Small Ohio Grassland

Prescribed burning is a management tool that is widely accepted for prairie management and restoration, yet little is known how burning may impact the spider community. Although it is generally thought that prescribed burning may alter the spider community composition and structure, few studies have examined these shifts in a controlled manner with both a burned grassland and a nearby unburned companion grassland. On October 25, 2014 we conducted a prescribed burn of a grassland at the Gwynne Conservation Area, London, Ohio. Spiders were sampled using pitfall traps for four weeks pre-burn and six weeks post-burn in both the treatment grassland and adjacent unburned grassland. A total of 298 spiders were collected from sixteen families, over 60% of which were in the family Lycosidae. Overall, we found the prescribed burn did not significantly alter the abundance or diversity of spiders collected, and interestingly it appears the community composition of the unburned grassland changed more over the sample period than the burned grassland. Anecdotal observations also suggest that some spiders are capable of surviving the fire in situ. As we continue to study these communities, we will develop a better understanding of role that prescribed burning plays in regulating the structure and composition of the spider communities. Such information is important to develop process-based restoration and management practices in grassland ecosystems.
Mariner-analysis of a Drosophila transposable element

The mariner transposable element mosl, isolated from Drosophila mauritiana belongs to a family of inverted repeat DNA transposons, found in many phyla. Members of this family of elements transpose by a 'cut and paste' mechanism, in which the element is excised from its position in the genome and inserted elsewhere. Mosl is 1286bp long, and contains a single open reading frame of 345 amino acids. This ORF encodes a transposase which is essential for the transposition mechanism. The existence of various forms of extrachromosomal copies of transposons has been documented for a number of elements and it has been assumed that some of these are intermediates in transposition. Active mariner elements exist in the genome of D. simulans. Several forms of free copies of mariner have been isolated from DNA prepared from this species. Some of these are circular in conformation. Sequence analysis, performed to determine the structures across junctions of the circular copies, has revealed that all elements are deleted for some mariner nucleotides. The majority of elements missing three bases from one or the other end. Recombinant mosl transposase purified from E. coli is able to stimulate excision of mosl elements from plasmids. These excised copies are linear in structure. Primer extension analysis has been employed to investigate the terminal most nucleotides of these elements. The excision of mosl occurs, leaving the terminal most three base pairs from each 5' strand behind in the plasmid. No circular copies were detected in this reaction. An explanation for these findings is discussed and a model for transposition of mosl and mariner elements from D. simulans is proposed. The biological activity of purified mosl transposase has been tested. Co-injection of transposase and a white marked mosl element into white' Drosophila embryos was performed in experiments based on the P element paradigm of germline transformation. Several fertile GO flies were found to exhibit a white+ eye colour phenotype, presumably due to transposition events. This method has implications for the germline transformation of other organisms outside of Drosophila. Experiments investigating the activity of the inverted repeat DNA transposable element Tc3, from C. elegans in the genome of D. melanogaster are also described.
Modeling Tissue Expansion with Isogeometric Analysis: Skin Growth and Tissue Level Changes in the Porcine Model

Background: Tissue expansion relies on the ability of skin to grow in response to sustained mechanical strain. This study focuses on correlation of cellular and histologic changes with skin growth and deformation during tissue expansion. Methods: Tissue expanders were placed underneath the skin of five Yucatan minipigs and inflated with one fill of 60 cc of saline 1 hour, 24 hours, 3 days, and 7 days before the animals were killed, or two fills of either 30 cc or 60 cc at 10 and 3 days or 14 and 7 days before the animals were killed. Skin biopsy specimens and three-dimensional photographs were used to calculate skin growth and stretch according to the authors’ novel finite element analysis model. Results: The mitotic index of keratinocytes in the basal layer increased 1 hour after stimulus was applied (4 percent) (p = 0.022), peaked at approximately day 3 (26 percent) (p < 0.0001), and tapered by day 7 (12.5 percent) (p = 0.012) after tissue expansion. The authors demonstrated that it is the volume per fill rather than the total volume in the expander that scales the magnitude of response. Lastly, the authors demonstrated that the ratio of deformation attributable to growth versus stretch (Fgrowth/Fstretch) after 60 cc of tissue expansion fill was 1.03 at 1 hour, 0.82 at 1 day, 0.85 at day 3, and 0.95 at 7 days. Conclusions: Peak cell proliferation occurred 3 days after tissue expansion fill and is scaled in response to stimulus magnitude. The growth component of deformation equilibrates to the stretch component at day 7, as cell proliferation has started to translate to skin growth.
Neural Cadherin Plays Distinct Roles for Neuronal Survival and Axon Growth under Different Regenerative Conditions

Abstract Growing axons in the CNS often migrate along specific pathways to reach their targets. During embryonic development, this migration is guided by different types of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) present on the surface of glial cells or other neurons, including the neural cadherin (NCAD). Axons in the adult CNS can be stimulated to regenerate, and travel long distances. Crucially, however, while a few axons are guided effectively through the injured nerve under certain conditions, most axons never migrate properly. The molecular underpinnings of the variable growth, and the glial CAMs that are responsible for CNS axon regeneration remain unclear. Here we used optic nerve crush to demonstrate that NCAD plays multifaceted functions in facilitating CNS axon regeneration. Astrocyte-specific deletion of NCAD dramatically decreases regeneration induced by phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) ablation in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Consistent with NCAD’s tendency to act as homodimers, deletion of NCAD in RGCs also reduces regeneration. Deletion of NCAD in astrocytes neither alters RGCs’ mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity nor lesion size, two factors known to affect regeneration. Unexpectedly, however, we find that NCAD deletion in RGCs reduces PTEN-deletion-induced RGC survival. We further show that NCAD deletion, in either astrocytes or RGCs, has negligible effects on the regeneration induced by ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), suggesting that other CAMs are critical under this regenerative condition. Consistent with this notion, CNTF induces expression various integrins known to mediate cell adhesion. Together, our study reveals multilayered functions of NCAD and a molecular basis of variability in guided axon growth.
Cooperative Relay Transmission under Physical Layer Security for Non-Orthogonal Networks

In this paper, the secrecy performance for a downlink cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) communication system is studied under two cases. In the first case, the presence of an untrusted user is studied. While, the presence of an eavesdropper node is considered in the second case. The base station transmits superimposed information signals to the half-duplex two-way relay node. The relay amplifies-and-forwards the received signal towards the users. This paper studies the effectiveness of two factors on the secrecy performance in terms of secrecy capacity. these factors are the power allocated for each user, and the distance between the untrusted user and the cooperative relay node with respect to the strong user. Moreover, this paper proposes the shared jamming signal strategy in order to enhance the physical layer security of the cooperative NOMA in the presence of an eavesdropper node. Furthermore, simulations of the secrecy capacity are presented and compared with a conventional scheme based on null-steering jamming scheme. Based on the result the proposed technique outperforms the conventional technique in terms the of secrecy capacity. 
Repurposing of the approved small molecule drugs in order to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 S protein and human ACE2 interaction through virtual screening approaches

Abstract Most recently, the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) while this virus shares substantial similarity with SARS-CoV. So far, no definitive vaccine or drug has been developed to cure Covid-19 disease, since many important aspects about Covid-19 such as pathogenesis and proliferation pathways are still unclear. It was proven that human ACE2 is the main receptor for the entry of Covid-19 into lower respiratory tract epithelial cells through interaction with SARS-CoV-2 S protein. Based on this observation, it is expected that the virus infection can be inhibited if protein-protein interaction is prevented. In this study, using structure-based virtual screening of FDA databases, several lead drugs were discovered based on the ACE2-binding pocket of SARS-CoV-2 S protein. Then, binding affinity, binding modes, critical interactions, and pharmaceutical properties of the lead drugs were evaluated. Among the previously approved drugs, Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate, Digitoxin, Ivermectin, Rapamycin, Rifaximin, and Amphotericin B represented the most desirable features, and can be possible candidates for Covid-19 therapies. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was accomplished for three S protein/drug complexes with the highest binding affinity and best conformation and binding free energies were also computed with the Molecular Mechanics/Poisson–Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) method. Results demonstrated the stable binding of these compounds to the S protein; however, in order to confirm the curative effect of these drugs, clinical trials must be done. Graphical Abstract Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Genetic diversity of Narcissus tortifolius, an endangered endemic species from Southeastern Spain

Abstract In this work, we analyzed inter-simple sequence repeat markers from 10 populations (298 individuals) spanning the whole distribution range of the endemic Narcissus tortifolius. We assessed genetic variation levels and distribution by estimates of genetic diversity, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), principal coordinates and Bayesian methods. N. tortifolius showed moderate genetic diversity at intrapopulation level and low genetic differentiation of populations. In general, Almerian populations showed slightly higher levels of genetic diversity than Murcian populations. Our results indicate that habitat fragmentation has not caused genetic depauperation in N. tortifolius but did reveal moderate genetic differentiation. Indeed, principal coordinate analysis and Mantel test revealed a slight tendency to separate populations into two groups (Murcian vs. Almerian). A recent isolation event of populations, together with the perennial nature of this species could be the main reasons for this low to moderate differentiation. Our findings could be used to establish management guidelines for the conservation of this rare species.
Increasing completion of asparaginase treatment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL): summary of an expert panel discussion

Insufficient exposure to asparaginase therapy is a barrier to optimal treatment and survival in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Three important reasons for inactivity or discontinuation of asparaginase therapy are infusion related reactions (IRRs), pancreatitis and life-threatening central nervous system (CNS). For IRRs, real-time therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and premedication are important aspects to be considered. For pancreatitis and CNS thrombosis one key question is if patients should be re-exposed to asparaginase after their occurrence. An expert panel met during the Congress of the International Society for Paediatric Oncology in Lyon in October 2019 to discuss strategies for diminishing the impact of these three toxicities. The panel agreed that TDM is particularly useful for optimising asparaginase treatment and that when a tight pharmacological monitoring programme is established premedication could be implemented more broadly to minimise the risk of IRR. Re-exposure to asparaginase needs to be balanced against the anticipated risk of leukemic relapse. However, more prospective data are needed to give clear recommendations if to re-expose patients to asparaginase after the occurrence of severe pancreatitis and CNS thrombosis.
THE GENUS FISCHERULA (TUBERALES)

In southwest Washington State in 1969, I collected a large number of specimens of an undescribed truffle unique in having a well-developed stipe-columella. By virtue of this character, it appeared to represent a new genus; however, none of the specimens had mature spores. Two years later, mature specimens of the same fungus were discovered in western Oregon. The stipe-columella varied from a simple basal pad to a large core surrounded by gleba and extending more than a centimeter beyond the glebal base. Despite this feature, novel to the Tuberales, the mature spores strikingly resembled those of Fischerula macrospora Matt. , known only from central Italy (Mattirolo, 1928, 1934, 1935). Detailed comparison of additional anatomical features of the Italian and northwest American specimens clearly indicated a generic relationship despite the stipe-columella of the latter. Fischerula has been placed close to Tuber because of its ornamented spores and asci embedded in tramal veins (venae internae) which are separated by clearly differentiated, hypha-stuffed veins that emerge through the peridium (venae externae) (Fisher, 1938). However, the mucilagenous spore ornamentation and the broad, often isodiametric cells of the peridium of Fischerula are unlike those of Tuber. Rather, they closely resemble those typical of the genus Hydnotrya. Anatomical features in the following descriptions are from mounts in 5% KOH unless otherwise specified. Colors of the new American species were based on Ridgway (1912), but the terminology was converted to that of the ISCC-NBS near-synonyms (Kelly and Judd, 1965). Specimens examined are deposited in the mycological herbaria of Botanisches Institut, Univ. Bern, Switzerland (BERN), Istituto