Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bordetella Pertussis infections in vaccinated and unvaccinated adolescents and adults, as assessed in a national prospective randomized Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Trial (APERT).

BACKGROUND Acellular pertussis (aP) booster immunizations have been recommended for adolescents and older persons to enhance long-term protection and to possibly reduce community transmission of infections. METHODS This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind vaccine trial in which one-half of the subjects received aP vaccine and one-half received hepatitis A vaccine (control subjects). All subjects were observed for almost 2 years for cough illnesses, and all underwent microbiologic and serologic studies for detection of pertussis infection. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies to pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and fimbriae 2/3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum samples obtained 1 and 12 months after immunization. Infection rates were determined with a variety of serologic criteria for control and vaccinated subjects. The incidence of prolonged cough illness was ascertained for subjects with and subjects without serologic evidence of infection. RESULTS Infection rates among control subjects are particularly representative of those in nonimmunized adults. Among control subjects, 0.4%-2.7% had increases in pertussis antibody of various types and degrees over 1 year, and 20%-46% had prolonged cough illnesses during this interval. Pertussis toxin antibody had the greatest specificity for detecting increases in antibody levels. Asymptomatic infections were approximately 5 times more common than clinical illnesses that met a strict clinical and microbiologic case definition. Relative to control subjects, aP-immunized subjects may have fewer increases in the antibody level (i.e., infections), especially for antibodies to fimbriae 2/3 (an antigen not in the vaccine). CONCLUSIONS Pertussis infections in older persons are largely asymptomatic. aP boosters confer protection for adolescents and adults against symptomatic pertussis and likely confer protection against mild and asymptomatic infections, and use of boosters may reduce transmission to others, especially infants.
Rethinking Deep and Surface : towards a comprehensive model of anaphoric processes in dialogue

∗This paper originated in a course I taught at LLF in the winter of 2012—I would like to thank the participants of that course Gabriele Bilbiie, Danièle Godard, Jean-Marie Marandin, Marie Reetz, Isidora Stojanovic. For comments on and discussions concerning this paper, I would like to thank Anne Abeillé, Robin Cooper, Elisabet Engdahl, Ted Gibson, Philip Hofmeister, Philip Miller, Lis Northcliffe. The paper is dedicated to my teacher, friend, collaborator, and one time squash partner, Ivan Sag with huge affection and admiration.
Gravity and Globalization : A Re-interpretation of Old Results

This paper addresses the puzzling empirical result regarding the persistent, and in some cases increasing, e¤ect of distance on international trade. In particular, it shows how globalization can reconcile a decrease in transportation costs and an increase in the impact of distance on trade, which is usually estimated in the context of a gravity equation. The key argument is the following: the process of globalization is a mix of reduction in transportation costs and of openness to foreign investment. The combination of these two facts lead to a situation in which, not only it became cheaper to move products from one country to another (transportation costs e¤ect) but it also became cheaper to decentralize the production. The net impact of the two forces is undetermined. JEL classi cation codes: C20, F10, F23 .
Primary and secondary somatosensory projections in direct‐developing Plethodontid Salamanders

In three species of plethodontid salamanders (Plethodon jordani, Hydromantes italicus, and Bolitoglossa subpalmata), primary and secondary somatosensory pathways were investigated by means of tract‐tracing in vivo and in vitro using biocytin, horseradish peroxidase, and neurobiotin. Afferent sensory fibers of cranial nerves V, VII, and X and the brachial nerve run in the dorsal funiculus of the medulla oblongata and spinal cord. Fibers ascend to the level of, but do not enter, the cerebellum. In the caudal medulla oblongata, sensory tracts of the cranial nerves descend in a dorsal and a dorsolateral bundle and reach the level of the fourth spinal nerve. Two bundles are likewise formed by spinal afferent fibers, which descend to the level of the seventh spinal nerve. Secondary somatosensory projections ascend in contralateral ventral, contralateral lateral, and ipsilateral lateral tracts, the latter two corresponding to the spinal lemniscal tracts of Herrick. These tracts reach the cerebellum, mesencephalic, and diencephalic targets (tegmentum, torus, tectum, tuberculum posterius, pretectum, and ventral thalamus) ipsi‐ and contra‐laterally. The projection to the tectum is confined to fiber layer 4. Fibers of the ascending tracts cross in the cerebellar and tectal commissure. Our study demonstrates that the ascending secondary somatosensory pathways of plethodontid salamanders differ remarkably from those of other amphibians. J. Morphol. 238:307–326, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3D Prostate Boundary Segmentation From Ultrasound Images Using 2D Active Shape Models

Boundary outlining, or segmentation, of the prostate is an important task in diagnosis and treatment planning for prostate cancer. This paper describes an algorithm for semi-automatic, three-dimensional (3D) segmentation of the prostate boundary from ultrasound images based on two-dimensional (2D) active shape models (ASM) and rotation-based slicing. Evaluation of the algorithm used distance- and volume-based error metrics to compare algorithm generated boundary outlines to gold standard (manually generated) boundary outlines. The mean absolute distance between the algorithm and gold standard boundaries was 1.09plusmn0. 49 mm, the average percent absolute volume difference was 3.28plusmn3. 16%, and a 5x speed increase as compared manual planimetry was achieved
A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of tetracycline and doxycycline in pharmaceutical formulations using chloramine-T

A simple, rapid, accurate and inexpensive spectrophotometric method for the determination of tetracycline and doxycycline has been developed. The method is based on the reaction between these drugs and chloramine-T in alkaline medium producing red color products with absorbance maximum at the e = 535 and 525 nm for the tetracycline and doxycycline, respectively. The best conditions for the reactions have been found using -5 -4 -1 -5 multivariate method. Beers law is obeyed in a concentration ranges 1.03 x 10 to 3.61 x 10 mol L and 1.75 x 10 -4 -1 -6 to 3.48 x 10 mol L for the tetracycline and doxycycline, respectively. The quantification limits were 5.63 x 10 -1 -7 -1 mol L and 7.12 x 10 mol L for the tetracycline and doxycycline, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of these drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and the results obtained were in good agreement with those obtained by the comparative method at the 95% confidence level.
SmartJS: dynamic and self-adaptable runtime middleware for next-generation IoT systems

The Internet of Things (IoT) has gained wide popularity both in the academic and industrial contexts. However, IoT-based systems exhibit many important challenges across many dimensions. In this work, we propose SmartJS, a rich Javascript-based middleware platform and runtime environment that abstracts the complexity of the various IoT platforms by providing a high-level framework for IoT system developers. SmartJS abstracts large-scale distributed system considerations, such as scheduling, monitoring and self-adaptation, and proposes a rich inter-device Javascript-based code migration framework. Finally, it provides debugging and monitoring techniques to analyze performance and observe system-wide security properties.
Realism, Antirealism, Irrealism, Quasi‐Realism. Gareth Evans Memorial Lecture, Delivered in Oxford on June 2, 1987

It is, as is familiar, difficult to be precise about what is involved in realism. The realist in us wants to hold to a certain sort of very general view about our place in the world, a view that, as I have put it elsewhere, mixes modesty with presumption. ' On the one hand, it is supposed, modestly, that how matters stand in the world, what opinions about it are true, is settled independently of whatever germane beliefs are held by actual people.2 On the other, we presume to think that we are capable of amving at the right concepts with which to capture at least a substantial part of the truth, and that our cognitive capacities can and do very often put us in position to know the truth, or at least to believe it with ample justification. The unique attraction of realism is the nice balance of feasibility and dignity that it offers to our quest for knowledge. Greater modesty would mean doubts about the capacity of our cognitive procedures to determine what is true-or even about our capacity to conceptualize the truth-and, so, would be a slide in the direction of skepticism. Greater presumption would mean calling into question, one way or another, the autonomy of truth, and, so, would be a slide in the direction of idealism. To the extent that we are serious about the pursuit of truth, we are unlikely to be attracted by either of these tendencies. We want the mountain to be climbable, but we also want it to be a real mountain, not some sort of reification of aspects of ourselves. It is a remarkable phenomenon that an issue of this degree of abstractness, whose proper formulation is unclear to the point where it is prima facie hazy what shape a relevant debate about it might assume, can so command intellectual curiosity. The conviction that a real issue is being presented is the conviction that metaphysics, in the most traditional sense, is possible: that there are genuine questions about the objectivity of human intellectual endeavor, and about the constitution of reality, which it falls to the traditional philosophical methods of critical reflection
THE DIFFUSION PROCESS

This paper is a summary of the flannel board presentation on how farm people accept new ideas. It is based on the findings of 35 research studies conducted during the past twenty years in various parts of the United States, including Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin, New Hampshire, New York, West Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee.1 The findings of these studies are presented in a framework which will be useful to people who are faced with the problem of diffusing new ideas and practices.
The M184 V mutation in HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase (RT) conferring lamivudine resistance does not result in broad cross‐resistance to nucleoside analogue RT inhibitors

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and magnitude of M184V-mediated changes in susceptibility to zalcitabine, didanosine, stavudine and abacavir (1592U89 succinate) in a cohort of lamivudine-treated patients. Design and methods:A total of 255 samples from patients treated with lamivudine and zidovudine with or without other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) were analysed for susceptibility to zidovudine, lamivudine, zalcitabine, didanosine and stavudine using a recombinant virus assay. Seventy-three samples originated from patients exposed to zidovudine and lamivudine only. A subset of 27 samples was investigated for cross-resistance to abacavir. Resistance was defined as a change in median inhibitory concentration more than fivefold compared with wild-type (high-level resistance, > 10-fold). A genotypic analysis of plasma-derived reverse transcriptase coding regions was carried out in samples with cross-resistance. Results:The majority of samples displayed wild-type or greater than wild-type sensitivity to zalcitabine, didanosine and stavudine: resistance was seen in 17.2, 9 and 6.3% of the total sample population, respectively. Of these, 1.2, 2.7 and 2.4%, respectively, showed high-level resistance. The prevalence of resistance to a particular NRTI was lower in samples from patients not pretreated with that NRTI and in samples from patients exposed to zidovudine-lamivudine only. Cross-resistance was more prevalent in samples with high ZDV resistance. There was no obvious correlation between cross-resistance and genotype; all but two samples were mutant at codon 184. There were no consistent changes at positions associated with zidovudine resistance. The majority of samples from a subset (n = 27) were four- to eightfold less sensitive to abacavir. There were no other genotypic changes in addition to M184V known to be associated with abacavir resistance. Conclusions:Cross-resistance was not commonly observed in this lamivudine-treated cohort. M184V per se is not expected to compromise subsequent treatment with NRTI such as didanosine-stavudine or combinations containing abacavir.
Psychological picture of manifest and latent carbon disulphide poisoning

Hänninen, H. (1971). Brit. J. industr. Med.,28, 374-381. Psychological picture of manifest and latent carbon disulphide poisoning. A battery of psychological tests was administered to 50 viscose workers with carbon disulphide (CS2) poisoning, 50 viscose workers exposed to CS2 without known poisoning, and 50 workers not exposed to CS2. There were large and statistically significant differences between the group means of the poisoned and the unexposed group in most performances involving speed, vigilance, manual dexterity, and intelligence. The exposed group also showed impairment, but the changes were less severe. CS2 thus apparently affects the working capacity and sociability of exposed workers earlier than can be diagnosed by purely medical means. The differences between the groups were further studied by discriminant function analysis. The poisoned group could be reliably discriminated from the unexposed group. Of the unexposed and poisoned subjects, 91% were correctly classified in the proper group. The exposed workers could not be discriminated from the poisoned subjects with the same reliability owing to the effects of latent CS2 poisoning in the former group. Analysis of the discriminant functions further suggests that the syndromes of latent and manifest CS2 poisoning differ not only in intensity but also in quality. Clinically manifested poisoning is characterized by lowered vigilance, diminished intellectual activity, diminished rational control, retarded speed, and motor disturbances, whereas traits indicative of depressive mood, slight motor disturbances, and intellectual impairment are characteristic of latent poisoning. This syndrome is probably much more common than was hitherto believed.
Echocardiographic Modeling of Cardiac Dyssynchrony Before and During Multisite Stimulation: A Prospective Study

CAZEAU, S. , et al.: Echocardiographic Modeling of Cardiac Dyssynchrony Before and During Multisite Stimulation: A Prospective Study. Multisite biventricular pacing therapy offers significant clinical improvement in some stimulated patients with electrocardiographic criteria of cardiac dyssynchrony. However, observational data increasingly suggest that patients suffering from congestive heart failure in presence of modest QRS widening may also derive benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), and that some patients can be significantly improved clinically after system implantation despite no apparent change in QRS width. This pilot study explored the value of an echocardiographic model to identify cardiac electromechanical dyssynchrony parameters (EDP) in candidates for CRT, and their potential correction after implantation. The study included 66 consecutive CRT recipients of CRT in NYHA functional class III or IV who had one or more atrioventricular, interventricular or intraventricular dyssynchrony criteria. An immediate improvement was observed in 85% of the population with a partial or total correction of their EDP. However, the modifications in EDP differed considerably between recipients of de novo CRT systems and patients with previously implanted standard pacing systems upgraded with the implantation of a left ventricular lead. EDP measurements appear to identify potential candidates for CRT, and to confirm the success of system implantation. (PACE 2003; 26[Pt. II]:137–143)
Adaptive approach for locally optimized IP handoffs across heterogeneous wireless networks

Seamless IP handoff is a crucial requirement to support real-time applications in mobile networks. In this paper, we aim to achieve seamless IP handoffs that are optimized for low latency and low packet loss in heterogeneous mobile wireless networks. We propose adaptive mechanisms that are distributed among heterogeneous network elements and mobile nodes. Adaptive process runs among geographically adjacent heterogeneous network elements and mobile nodes in the vicinity. The proposed mechanisms are devised to optimize IP handoff performances by attempting adaptive adjustment based on the local properties extracted through statistical processing.
Heuristic solutions related to challenges of optical burst switching paradigm

Several optical network switching paradigms have been under intensive research to support rapidly increasing bandwidth requirements. Of all these paradigms, optical burst switching (OBS) is a promising switching paradigm for the next-generation Internet infrastructure. Despite the significant contributions of OBS to high speed networks such as dynamic connection setup and strong separation between data and control plane, there are several issues that are to be resolved because the present OBS research studies have many differences and thus need further study. In this paper, some of author's own past researches have been summarized to overcome few issues of OBS; related to network architectures, contention, burst assembly, congestion, complex scheduling schemes, quality of service (QoS), burst dropping , routing etc.
Observlets: Empowering Analytical Observations on Web Observatory

The Web observatory is proposed as a global catalogue for sharing data-sets and analytic applications to support researchers from a variety of disciplines for analysing huge amount of research data for Web Science research. However, often these users fail to understand various transformations and consequences of complex data processing involved in a data analytic application. Therefore, there is a need to enable these users develop and re-use analytic applications on web observatory. In this study, we propose formal design patterns called "Observlets" for analytic applications to "observe" various web phenomena. The observlets provide abstract definitions for intermediate analysis required for a data analytic application. The users can share observlets across distributed web observatory nodes. The observlets are aimed to enhance end-users' awareness and engagement on web observatory and support programmers for innovating various data analytic applications.
Lymphangioma‐like Kaposi sarcoma

Background: Lymphangioma‐like Kaposi's sarcoma (LLKS) is a rare morphologic expression of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) that occurs in virtually all of the well‐recognized clinical subtypes of the disease and has the potential to mimic other pathologic processes. In this study, we present the clinical and pathological features of four patients with LLKS.
Normative data stratified by age and education for two measures of verbal fluency: FAS and animal naming.

Normative data stratified by three levels of age (16-59, 60-79, and 80-95 years) and three levels of education (0-8, 9-12, and 13-21 years) are presented for phonemic verbal fluency (FAS) and categorical verbal fluency (Animal Naming). The normative sample, aged 16 to 95 years, consisted of 1,300 cognitively intact individuals who resided in the community. Years of education ranged from 0 to 21. The total number of words in 1 minute for each of the letters F, A, and S was correlated r =. 52 with the number of animal names generated in 1 minute. Regression analyses showed that FAS was more sensitive to the effects of education (18.6% of the variance) than age (11.0% of the variance). The opposite relationship occurred for Animal Naming, where age accounted for 23.4% of the variance and education accounted only for 13.6%. Gender accounted for less than 1% of variance for FAS and Animal Naming. The clinical utility of these norms is discussed.
Optimal Storage Planning in Active Distribution Network Considering Uncertainty of Wind Power Distributed Generation

The penetration of renewable distributed generation (DG) sources has been increased in active distribution networks due to their unique advantages. However, non-dispatchable DGs such as wind turbines raise the risk of distribution networks. Such a problem could be eliminated using the proper application of energy storage units. In this paper, optimal planning of batteries in the distribution grid is presented. The optimal planning determines the location, capacity and power rating of batteries while minimizing the cost objective function subject to technical constraints. The optimal long-term planning is based on the short-term optimal power flow considering the uncertainties. The point estimate method (PEM) is employed for probabilistic optimal power flow. The batteries are scheduled optimally for several purposes to maximize the benefits. A hybrid Tabu search/particle swarm optimization (TS/PSO) algorithm is used to solve the problem. The numerical studies on a 21-node distribution system show the advantages of the proposed methodology. The proposed approach can also be applied to the realistic sized networks when some sensitive nodes are considered as candidate locations for installing the storage units.
The influence of national culture on information security culture

The strength of information security within organisations and countries is very much determined by the information security culture of people. The human factor of information security plays a significant role in securing information assets. National culture has an impact on organisational culture and therefore is also a consideration for enhancing information security culture. This research looks at the value of information security culture in organisations, frameworks for information security culture and the impact of national culture on organisational culture.