Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE DIVING PATTERNS OF PINNIPEDS AND SEABIRDS

General ecological information resulting from modern dive studies has been limited because analyses and conclusions are study- and species-specific. In this work, a series of unrelated divers was studied and compared using the same analytical procedures. More than 230 000 dives from 12 species were analyzed, and ∼140 000 of these dives were classified according to dive shape. The species included one cormorant, three penguins, two eared seals, five true seals, and a walrus. Dive profiles could generally be characterized as one of four shapes: square, V, skewed right, or skewed left. In light of this, a universal shape classification protocol was developed that also offers potential solutions for “on board” memory limitations and transmission constraints for archival time–depth recorders and satellite-linked time–depth recorders. Comparisons of dive data recorded with different sample intervals indicated the need for a standardization relative to mean dive duration (i.e., an equal number of data points per.
Interference Analysis in the Asynchronous f-OFDM Systems

By supporting asynchronous transmission and flexible subband (SB) setting, filtered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (f-OFDM) has been identified as one of the most promising waveforms for future wireless communications, which makes the deep investigation on the f-OFDM an urgent mission. Therefore, this paper investigates the downlink interference of asynchronous f-OFDM systems under different SB configurations. We initially classify the overall interference into two categories, termed as the inner-SB and inter-SB interferences. Subsequently, the closed-form expressions for interference and its variances are derived on the basis of interference structures and are then verified via simulations. Some important influencing factors, such as the timing offset between the user of interest and the interfering user, the width of guard band, as well as the choice of SB filter, are simulated and analyzed. Our simulations and comparisons explicitly reveal the interference characteristic of the f-OFDM systems, which will benefit the design of the f-OFDM systems in the future.
Photoperiod pathway regulates expression of MAF5 and FLC that encode MADS-box transcription factors of the FLC family in Arabidopsis

The control of flowering by day length was the first photoperiodic response to be described and is also one of the most characterized in many plants. The circadian clock plays a pivotal role in the photoperiodic flowering pathway. In Arabidopsis, flowering time is controlled by the photoperiod as well as by the gibberellic acid and vernalization/autonomous pathways. FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a MADS box protein, has been shown to be a key floral repressor in the vernalization/autonomous pathways. Although the roles and regulation of floral activators GIGANTEA, CONSTANS, and FLOWERING LOCUS T in the photoperiodic flowering pathway have been well characterized, those of the floral repressors are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that the MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING 5 (MAF5) gene, one of the FLC family members, shows a diurnal expression pattern in light/dark cycles and that both gain- and loss-of-function mutations in the photoperiod pathway affect the gene expression of MAF5 and FLC. These results highlight the possible roles of MAF5 and FLC in crosstalk between the photoperiod and vernalization/autonomous pathways in Arabidopsis.
Chagas Disease, Leishmaniasis, and Malaria in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is increasingly employed worldwide to treat several diseases causing both acute and chronic organ failure. Recipients of SOT are at an increased risk to develop infections as a consequence of immunosuppressive therapy. Sometimes such infections may be acquired by the transplanted organ or by reactivation of a previously acquired latent infection. The globalization and the increase of international travel poses a risk for exposure to infections such as Chagas disease (CD), leishmaniasis, and malaria endemic in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. We have reviewed the literature regarding risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of CD, leishmaniasis, and malaria in the setting of SOT.
Ecological and isotopic discrimination of syntopic rodents in a neotropical rain forest of French Guiana

Stable isotopes are commonly used in ecological studies to infer food resources (Ambrose & DeNiro 1986, Bocherens et al. 1990,1991,1994;Yoshinaga et al. 1991) since isotopic composition is conserved during the feeding process. Moreover,for herbivorous (sensu lato) species, it is often possible to identify the main resource because different photosynthetic pathways generate different values of carbon isotope ratios (Park & Epstein 1961, Sternberg et al. 1984). This allows the characterization of broad biota such as savannas or forest and discrimination of grazers from sympatric folivorous species (DeNiro & Epstein 1978).
Using Power-Law Science to Enhance Knowledge for Practical Relevance

The debates about knowledge relevance have been around for years and several calls have been issued to change the methods used by researchers to improve the translation of academic research to management. We think a change in perspective about what phenomenon we study and how we study them is key to enhance knowledge for practical relevance. Specifically, most research produced by academics focuses on Gaussian science - the science of normal distributions, stable means, finite variance, and statistical significance. These help produce knowledge about normal phenomena but fails to provide solutions for organizations as truly dynamic systems. In contrast, we argue that research ontology and epistemology need to shift in some significant measure to the study of Paretian rank frequencies; what we call power-law science. This paper introduces Pareto rank frequency distributions and how they differ from normal methods of conducting research and suggests methods to use at various points on Pareto distributions to offer practical knowledge about phenomena faced by managers.
Parasitic worms mainly from Celebes. Part 1. New digenetic trematodes of fishes.

While I was on duty with the Naval Institute of Tropical Hygiene at Macassar, Celebes, during World War Ⅱ, I had the opportunity to examine various wild and domestic animals for parasites, these animals being taken mainly from Celebes. Since the parasitic worms of this island had not yet been worked out at any length, an opportunity for collecting in this part of the world yielded much interesting material. I collected a fairly large amount of material from monkeys, buffaloes, birds, lizards, snakes and fishes, the latter being examined very carefully from the stand-point of prevention of parasitic infections transmitted from fish to man. Domestic fowl and small wild birds were also examined for intestinal parasites during my study on avian malaria carried out at the institute. Unfortunately I managed to bring back to Japan by air only a part of the collection before the termination of the war. The greater part of the collection shipped to me subsequently by air mail suffered serious damage in transit, and for this reason description and illustrations are based almost exclusively on mounted slides.
Automatic Grammatical Error Detection of Non-native Spoken Learner English

Automatic language assessment and learning systems are required to support the global growth in English language learning. They need to be able to provide reliable and meaningful feedback to help learners develop their skills. This paper considers the question of detecting "grammatical" errors in non-native spoken English as a first step to providing feedback on a learner’s use of the language. A state-of-the-art deep learning based grammatical error detection (GED) system designed for written texts is investigated on free speaking tasks across the full range of proficiency grades with a mix of first languages (L1s). This presents a number of challenges. Free speech contains disfluencies that disrupt the spoken language flow but are not grammatical errors. The lower the level of the learner the more these both will occur which makes the underlying task of automatic transcription harder. The baseline written GED system is seen to perform less well on manually transcribed spoken language. When the GED model is fine-tuned to free speech data from the target domain the spoken system is able to match the written performance. Given the current state-of-the-art in ASR, however, and the ability to detect disfluencies grammatical error feedback from automated transcriptions remains a challenge.
Interactions and chaperone function of αA‐crystallin with T5P γC‐crystallin mutant

T5P γC‐crystallin mutation is associated with Coppock‐like cataract, one of the autosomal dominant congenital cataracts. It is not known why the abundant α‐crystallin cannot prevent the mutation‐related aggregation. Our previous studies indicate that the mutation changes conformation and reduces solubility and stability, but it is not known whether it is these events or the loss of interaction with other crystallins that causes the cataract. It is also not known whether the α‐crystallin can protect T5P mutant as effectively from heat‐induced aggregation as the wild‐type (WT) γC‐crystallin. To investigate the mechanism of interactions and chaperone function between αA‐ and γC‐crystallin, human αA‐crystallin and W9F mutant as well as WT γC‐crystallin and T5P mutant were cloned. Interactions between αA‐ and γC‐crystallin were studied with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and chaperone activity was assessed by the suppression of heat‐induced aggregation of substrate proteins. Conformational changes of substrate proteins were studied by spectroscopic measurements. The results indicate that the T5P mutant showed a slightly greater FRET than WT γC‐crystallin with αA‐crystallin, and αA‐crystallin could effectively prevent both WT and T5P γC‐crystallin from heat‐induced aggregation. Spectroscopic measurements show that both αA‐crystallin and γC‐crystallin underwent only slight conformational change after chaperone binding. Together with previous results obtained with a two‐hybrid system assay of interactions between αA‐ and γC‐crystallin, the present FRET and chaperone results indicate that loss of interactions of T5P mutant with other crystallins may play a larger role than the protection afforded by chaperone‐like activity in Coppock‐like cataract.
The apoplastic pH of the Zea mays root cortex as measured with pH-sensitive microelectrodes: aspects of regulation

In the root cortex of Zea mays the apoplastic pH and aspects of its regulation were investigated using pH-sensitive microelectrodes. To measure the pH directly in different cell layers of the apoplast sharp double-barrelled electrodes were applied, whereas blunt pH-electrodes were used simultaneously to measure the pH at the root surface. Recordings carried out 8-10 mm behind the root tip show that the apoplastic pH is maintained between 5.1 and 5.6, depending on the given experimental conditions, i.e. varying external [K + ], [Ca 2+ ], pH, weak buffering, as well as perfusion of the test medium. When the medium pH (bulk) differs considerably from the apoplastic pH, a small pH gradient is built up between the root surface (unstirred layer) and the outer cortex layers. In a standing medium these gradients equilibrate. The apoplastic pH responds to increases in external [K + ] and [Ca 2+ ] with an acidification, which is attributed to ion-exchange properties of the cell wall constituents. Stimulation of proton pump activity with fusicoccin acidifies the apoplast from pH 5.6 to pH 4.8, while deactivation of the pump with cyanide/salicylhydroxamic acid increases the pH of the apoplast from 5.6 to 6.2, and further to pH 6.6 with CCCP. The Ca 2+ channel antagonists nifedipine and La 3+ also increase the apoplastic pH. It is suggested that not only the proton pump, but also the cation channels may contribute to the regulation of the apoplastic pH.
Correlating head shape with ecological variables in rock‐dwelling haplochromines (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Victoria

An exploratory analysis was made of the head shape of cichlid fishes. A 3-D head truss was used, which allowed approximations of the volumes of three compartments of the head. We applied the method to six species of rock-dwelling haplochromine cichlids, of which we studied 12 populations from four rocky islands in the southern part of Lake Victoria. Head shape was correlated with eight environmental variables. Truss distances and compartment volumes correlated with these variables, e.g. volumes of the compartments containing the gills correlated (negatively) with oxygen levels; truss distances, including the oral jaws and their musculature, correlated with food composition; and eye size correlated with width of the transmission spectrum. Another finding was the likely architectonic interactions between anatomical elements. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2002, 76, 39–48.
On the nature of undead cells in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

During the course of normal embryonic and post-embryonic development, 131 cells in a Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite undergo programmed cell death. Loss of function mutations in either of the genes ced-3 or ced-4 abolish cell deaths, enabling these ‘undead’ cells to survive and be incorporated into the adult with no obvious deleterious consequences. Ultrastructural reconstructions have shown that undead cells exhibit many differentiated characteristics. Most of the reconstructed cells appeared to be neurons with all the characteristic features associated with such cells, such as processes, synaptic vesicles and presynaptic specializations. However, clear morphological differences were seen among the undead neurons, suggesting a diversity of cell type. One of the reconstructed cells was a rectal epithelial cell, which had displaced its lineal sister that normally functions in this role. Removal of the ability to undergo programmed cell death by mutation therefore reveals a diversity of cryptic differentiated states that are acquired by cells that normally are destined to die.
Characterization of Xanthomonas campestris pv. pennamericanum pv. nov., Causal Agent of Bacterial Leaf Streak of Pearl Millet†

A survey for bacterial diseases of millet and sorghum was conducted in northern Nigeria during the 1984 growing season. Bacterial diseases were prevalent throughout the area surveyed. Yellow, mucoid bacterial colonies were consistently isolated from pearl millet leaves exhibiting bacterial streak symptoms. The causative organism was characterized as a pathovar of Xanthomonas campestris. The strains isolated formed a homogeneous group of aerobic, motile, gram-negative, rod-shaped organisms which were distinctly different pathologically, serologically, and by membrane protein patterns from other pathovars of X. campestris. The cells measured 0.45 by 2.25 μm, and each cell had one polar flagellum. Optimal growth occurred between 26 and 30°C, and the maximum NaCl tolerance was 3%. Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) and Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) are the only known hosts. For this pathovar, we propose the name Xanthomonas campestris pv. pennamericanum pv. nov. (the name is derived from Pennisetum americanum, the Latin binomial for pearl millet). The holopathotype strain is strain B6-P, which has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Md.
A Web Browser Fingerprinting Method Based on the Web Audio API

Web Browser Fingerprinting is a process in which the users are, with high likelihood, uniquely identified by the extracted features from their devices, generating an identifier key (fingerprint). Although it can be used for malicious purposes, especially regarding privacy invasion, Web Browser Fingerprinting can also be used to enhance security (e.g. as a factor in two-factor authentication). This paper investigates the use of Web Audio API as a Web Browser Fingerprinting method capable of identifying the devices. The idea is to prove or not if audio can provide features capable to identify users and devices. Our initial results show that the proposed method is capable of identifying the device’s class, based on features like device’s type, web browser’s version and rendering engine.
La prise en charge du syndrome confusionnel comme exemple de coopération médicochirurgicale chez la personne âgée présentant un cancer Delirium as an example of collaboration between surgeons and geriatricians for elderly patients with cancer

The aging of our population and the frequent occurrence of cancer warrants the adaptation of our management strategies in medical and surgical geriatric oncology. Geriatric assessment, including knowledge of the autonomy of patients and their comorbidities is needed to consider the best treatment, including when it comes to surgery. Delirium is the most common complication observed in the postoperative period. Knowledge of risk factors for the occurrence of this syndrome should be a part of good practice. Proximity between surgeons, anesthesists and geriatricians should improve the quality of care given to elderly patients with cancer. To cite this journal: Cah. Annee Gerontol. 3 (2011).
A model for examining teacher preparation curricula for inclusion.

There is an increasing need for highly qualified teachers as described by the current legislation in No Child Left Behind (2002). Since this legislative mandate has been enforced, recent initiatives have signaled teacher education programs to examine performance standards in demonstrating preparation of effective teachers for diverse learners. The total number of children with disabilities served over the past eight years has increased at an average of 3.4% each year (Katsiyannis, Zhang, & Conroy, 2003; U.S. Department of Education, 2003). With over 6,000,000 children receiving services across the country, the increased need for well-prepared teachers is critical. Data on increasing teacher shortages in special education (U.S. Department of Education, 2003; Veneri, 1999), as well as a number of studies have amplified various aspects of this dilemma, including causes and possible remedies (Billingsley, 2004; Boe, Cook, Bobbitt, & Terhanian, 1998; Brownell, Bishop, & Sindelar, 2005; Counterpoint, 1999; Menlove, Games, & Galzberg, 2004).
Choosing and Maintaining Programs for Sex Education in Schools: The CHAMPSS Model

Recommended Citation Hernandez, Belinda F. ; Peskin, Melissa; Shegog, Ross; Markham, Christine; Johnson, Kimberly; Ratliff, Eric A. ; Li, Dennis H. ; Weerasinghe, I. Sonali; Cuccaro, Paula M. ; and Tortolero, Susan R. (2011) "Choosing and Maintaining Programs for Sex Education in Schools: The CHAMPSS Model," Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk: Vol. 2 : Iss. 2 , Article 7. Available at: https://digitalcommons.library. tmc.edu/childrenatrisk/vol2/iss2/7
Improving side lobe level of X-band microstrip Rotman lens utilizing nonuniform distribution of output ports

A new microstrip Rotman lens with enhanced side lobe level (SLL) is proposed for X-band applications. A proper nonuniform distribution of the initial width of output ports is considered to improve the SLL. The benefit of SLL improvement is not based on using additional attenuators or amplifiers at the output ports. Moreover, an analytical background is presented to investigate the resulting SLL of the proposed structure. The advantage of SLL enhancement is obtained at all noncorner scan angles considering 10 GHz operating frequency. As the middle input port is excited, more than 3 dB of SLL enhancement is achieved at 10 GHz. The proposed structure provides even more accurate scan angles than those of the conventional Rotman lens. The designed structure is simulated using full-wave HFSS 15 software. The comparison between simulated results and measurements of the fabricated proposed Rotman lens shows good agreement.
Structure and development of the chloroplast in Chlamydomonas. I. The normal green cell.

The cytoplasmic organization of a normal green strain of the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardi has been investigated with the electron microscope using thin sections of OsO4 fixed material. The detailed organization of the chloroplast has been of special interest. The chloroplast, a cup-shaped organelle, surrounded by a double membrane, consists of: (1) discs about 1 micron in diameter, considered to represent the basic structural unit of the chloroplast, and each composed of a pair of membranes joined at their ends to form a flat closed vesicle; the discs are grouped into stacks resembling the grana of higher plants; (2) matrix material of low density in which the discs are embedded; (3) starch grains; (4) the pyrenoid, a non-lamellar region associated with starch synthesis, and containing tubules which connect with the lamellae; (5) the eyespot, a differentiated region containing two or three plates of hexagonally packed, carotenoid-containing granules, located between discs, and associated with phototaxis. In addition to the chloroplast, the cytoplasm contains various membranous and granular components, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and dictyosomes, identified on the basis of morphological comparability with structures seen in animal cells. The nucleus, not investigated in detail in this study, contains a large, granular nucleolus and is surrounded by a nuclear envelope which is provided with pores and exhibits instances of continuity with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cytoplasm.
Isolation and Characterization of Methanobacterium espanolae sp. nov. , a Mesophilic, Moderately Acidiphilic Methanogen?

Bacterial strain GP9T (T = type strain), a nonmotile, nonsporeforming, mesophilic, methanogenic bacterium, was isolated from the primary sludge obtained from the waste treatment facility of a major kraft pulp mill in Canada. Single cells were 6.0 by 0.8 μm and stained gram positive. Growth and methane production occurred only with H2-CO2 as the substrate. Acetate, formate, propionate, butyrate, pyruvate, methanol, or trimethylamine could not serve as a sole source of carbon and energy for growth. The optimum pH for growth was between 5.6 and 6.2; consistent growth and methane production were not observed below pH 4.68. The optimum temperature for growth was 35°C, and little or no growth was observed during incubation at 15 and 50°C. Kanamycin and bacitracin were severe inhibitors of growth and methanogenesis, whereas 100 μM bromoethanesulfonic acid caused 30% inhibition. Supernatant from primary sludge enhanced growth by about 10%. The DNA base composition was 34 mol% guanine plus cytosine. On the basis of physiological characteristics, indirect immunofluorescence typing, and DNA-DNA hybridization studies, the isolate is named Methanobacterium espanolae sp. nov.