Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Cannabinoids on Spasticity and Chronic Pain in a Patient with Co-occurrence of Multiple Sclerosis and Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a rare autosomal dominant disease involving the skin and central nervous system (CNS), and also characterized by skeletal and spinal schwannomas that may cause chronic neurogenic pain. Furthermore, pain in NF1 is underestimated, even though it has an impact on quality of life. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common acquired demyelinating disease that may in later stages present with refractory spasticity, particularly in the lower limbs. Oromucosal cannabinoid sprays are currently available for spasticity treatment in MS, with encouraging results on MS pain, but few data have been reported regarding the use of cannabinoids in NF1. We report the successful treatment of chronic neurogenic pain and spasticity in a patient with co-occurrence of NF1 and MS after a poor response to standard approaches. LEARNING POINTS Chronic pain is a possible complication of several neurological conditions and may show a poor response to standard drugs, thus affecting quality of life.Oromucosal cannabinoid sprays are routinely used in multiple sclerosis spasticity.Cannabinoids may be also effective against neurogenic pain in neurofibromatosis type 1.
Membrane Electrode Assemblies Based on Hydrocarbon Electrolytes with Nitrile Groups for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

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Mechanism of CO2 Hydrogenation on Pd/Al2O3 Catalysts: Kinetics and Transient DRIFTS-MS Studies

The hydrogenation of CO2 was investigated over a wide range of reaction conditions, using two Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with different Pd loadings (5% and 0.5%) and dispersions (∼11% and ∼100%, respectively). Turnover rates for CO and CH4 formation were both higher over 5% Pd/Al2O3 with a larger average Pd particle size than those over 0.5% Pd/Al2O3 with a smaller average particle size. The selectivity to methane (22–40%) on 5% Pd/Al2O3 was higher by a factor of 2–3 than that on 0.5% Pd/Al2O3. The drastically different rate expressions and apparent energies of activation for CO and CH4 formation led us to conclude that reverse water gas shift and CO2 methanation do not share the same rate-limiting step on Pd and that the two pathways are probably catalyzed at different surface sites. Measured reaction orders in CO2 and H2 pressures were similar over the two catalysts, suggesting that the reaction mechanism for each pathway does not change with particle size. In accordance, the DRIFTS results reveal that the pr.
Characterization of the topography and thickness of gallium thin films by scanning tunneling microscopy

ABSTRACT Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was employed to characterize the topography of 32 and 4 µm thick gallium films; thicknesses that have not yet been addressed. The STM images revealed submicron grains on both surfaces although a reduced grain density was observed on the thinner film. The granular structure may be explained by a thin gallium oxide layer that acted as an elastic membrane against liquid gallium underneath that expanded during freezing of the sample. We also believe that the same gallium oxide layer is also responsible for an intriguing effect that appears as soon as the tungsten tip lands on the gallium film: the onset of continuous regular z-oscillations of the tip even at rest. This is an effect that we believe has not been previously reported in the literature. We have also demonstrated, for the first time, a new thickness determination method for the gallium film based on an STM image obtained during the solid-to-liquid phase transition.
The Moderating Effect of Attentional Control on the Relationship Between COVID Stress and Generalized Anxiety Symptoms

The recent global pandemic (i.e., COVID-19) has had a serious impact on psychological health, as the stress associated with the pandemic increases the likelihood of developing clinically significant anxiety. Evidence suggests that attentional control may protect those individuals with outcome-specific vulnerabilities from developing maladaptive psychological outcomes. In the present study, attentional control was examined as a moderator of the relation between COVID-19 stress and generalized anxiety symptoms in a community sample (N = 359 adults). As predicted, the relationship between COVID-19 stress and anxiety was moderated by attentional control. Specifically, as attentional control decreased, the strength of the association between COVID-19 stress and anxiety increased. The results suggest that, among those with higher levels of COVID-19 stress, attentional control may act as a protective factor against developing anxiety. It may be beneficial as a matter of standard public health guidance to recommend that the general public engages in activities that are known to improve attentional control and alleviate emotional distress (e.g., mindfulness-based techniques) at the outset of a pandemic or other global catastrophe to reduce the likelihood that prolonged event-related stress will lead to impairing anxiety.
Comparison of the Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Scallop Oil Prepared from the Internal Organs of the Japanese Giant Scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis), Fish Oil, and Krill Oil in Obese Type II Diabetic KK-Ay Mice.

Due to the growing demand of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as supplements and pharmaceutical products worldwide, there are concerns about the exhaustion of n-3 PUFA supply sources. We have successfully prepared high-quality scallop oil (SCO), containing high eicosapentaenoic acid and phospholipids contents, from the internal organs of the Japanese giant scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis), which is the largest unutilized marine resource in Japan. This study compared the cholesterol-lowering effect of SCO with fish oil (menhaden oil, MO) and krill oil (KO) in obese type II diabetic KK-Ay mice. Four-week-old male KK-Ay mice were divided into four groups; the control group was fed the AIN93G-modified high-fat (3 wt% soybean oil + 17 wt% lard) diet, and the other three groups (SCO, MO, and KO groups) were fed a high-fat diet, in which 7 wt% of the lard in the control diet was replaced with SCO, MO, or KO, respectively. After the mice were fed the experimental diet for 42 days, their serum, liver, and fecal lipid contents as well as their liver mRNA expression levels were evaluated. The SCO group had significantly decreased cholesterol levels in the serum and liver; this decrease was not observed in the MO and KO groups. The cholesterol-lowering effect of SCO was partly mediated by the enhancement of fecal total sterol excretion and expression of liver cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme for bile acid synthesis. These results indicate that dietary SCO exhibits serum and liver cholesterol-lowering effects that are not found in dietary MO and KO and can help prevent lifestyle-related diseases.
Lamotrigine for acute bipolar depression: An exploratory item‐level analysis

Lamotrigine is used to treat bipolar depression despite inconsistent evidence. Here we present the results of an exploratory item‐level analysis of pooled data from five randomized placebo‐controlled trials of lamotrigine for acute bipolar depression. The goal was to determine if certain depression scale items were more responsive to lamotrigine treatment.
The Impact of Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions on Sleep Disturbance in Depressed and Anxious Community-dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT Introduction Depression and anxiety are prevalent mental health conditions in older adulthood. Despite sleep disturbance being a common comorbidity in late-life depression and anxiety, it is often discounted as a target for treatment. The current review aims to establish whether cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in treating concomitant sleep disturbance in depressed and anxious older adults and to review evidence supporting whether CBT interventions targeting anxiety and depression, or concurrent sleep disturbance, have the greatest effectiveness in this client group. Method A systematic database search was conducted to identify primary research papers evaluating the effectiveness of CBT interventions, recruiting older adults with symptoms of depression and/or anxiety, and employing a validated measure of sleep disturbance. The identified papers were included in a narrative synthesis of the literature. Results Eleven identified studies consistently support reductions in sleep disturbance in elderly participants with depression and anxiety in response to CBT. Most CBT interventions in the review included techniques specifically targeting sleep, and only one study directly compared CBT for insomnia (CBT-I) with a CBT-I intervention also targeting depressive symptoms, limiting the ability of the review to comment on whether interventions targeting sleep disturbance or mental health symptoms have superior effectiveness. Conclusion The extant research indicates that CBT interventions are effective in ameliorating sleep disturbance in late-life depression and anxiety. Future high-quality research is required to substantiate this finding and to compare the effectiveness of CBT-I and CBT for depression and anxiety in this group to inform clinical practice.
Comparison of the apparent ileal calcium digestibility of limestone in broilers and layers

ABSTRACT 1. The apparent ileal calcium (Ca) digestibility coefficients of two limestone sources in growing broilers and layers were determined in two separate experiments. 2. In each experiment, two maize-based diets were developed with two limestone sources (A, experiment 1 and B, experiment 2) to contain either 8.0 g/kg Ca for broilers or 40 g/kg Ca for layers. The two sources differed in particle size, with limestone A being finer and limestone B being coarser. Each experimental diet was randomly allotted to six replicate cages and offered for 3 days from 19 to 21-day post-hatch to broilers and during 40 weeks of age to layers. The total tract Ca retention was also measured using the indicator ratios in the diet and excreta. 3. In both experiments, the apparent ileal Ca digestibility, gizzard pH and gizzard Ca concentration were higher (P < 0.05) in layers than in broilers. The apparent ileal digestibility coefficient of limestone A for broilers and layers was 0.50 and 0.62, respectively. The corresponding values for limestone B were 0.43 and 0.70, respectively. The apparent total tract retention of Ca was similar (P > 0.05) between broilers and layers in both experiments, and between the two sources. 4. The data show that the layers are more efficient in absorbing Ca from limestone than broilers.
Characterisation of SU-8 n -doping carbon nanotube-based electronic devices

Triarylium–solphonium salt, the chemical component of the SU-8 photo resist, has been proved as an effective n-doping source for graphene. In this reported work, a study has been made of the effects of SU-8 on single walled carbon nanotube networks. The results indicate that SU-8 behaves as an electrons donor and causes an upward shift in the Fermi level. The cross-linking property of the SU-8 resembles an efficient isolator from the oxygen of the ambient. This leads to ambient-stability of this doping technique. In addition, the doping technique shows negligible defects on the CNT surface and then higher transconductance is expected to be achieved. The temperature dependence of the Raman spectra of the CNT network observed a downshift in the G-band with increasing temperature. Finally, since SU-8 is an e-beam sensitive resist as well as a photo resist, it was used to selectively dope CNTs within the substrate area.
Association Between Childhood Consumption of Ultraprocessed Food and Adiposity Trajectories in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Birth Cohort

Key Points Question Is consumption of ultraprocessed foods (UPF) in childhood associated with worse adiposity trajectories tracing into early adulthood? Findings In this cohort study of 9025 British children, growth trajectories of body mass index, fat mass index, weight, and waist circumference from 7 to 24 years of age were greater among children with the highest (vs lowest) quintile of UPF consumption. Meaning These findings suggest that radical and effective public health actions that reduce children’s exposure to and consumption of UPF and remove barriers to accessing minimally processed foods are urgently needed to counteract the growing burden of obesity in England and globally.
Suitable Dosage of Reserpine for Animal Model of Depression

Objective:To establish the suitable dosage of reserpine for animal model of depression,and to observe the different dosage of reserpine on locomotion activity in rats.Methods:Rats were randomly assigned into test group[intraperitoneally administrated by different dosage of reserpine(2、4、6 mg/kg)]and control group(injected the same volume of solvent). The locomotion activity was tested by open field test one hour after injection.Results:Reserpine(2、4、6 mg/kg)could cause depressive behavior,4 mg/kg group was different from that of 2 mg/kg group(P0.05),but there was no difference between 4 and 6 mg/kg groups.The behavior change lasted 48 ～ 72 hours.Conclusion:Reserpine may result in the depressive behavior of rat,4 mg/kg is the suitable dosage for animal model of depression.
Perspectives of research ethics committee members on human challenge studies in the development of vaccines against COVID-19: a mixed methods study.

BACKGROUND Vaccines are considered the most effective protection against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Human Challenge Studies can help to shorten the development process of vaccines. The reviewers' opinions from research ethics committees (REC) play an essential gate-keeping role in determining whether a clinical trial can be conducted or not. METHODS A convergent mixed-methods study was conducted in a leading general hospital in China. A total of 58 REC members from the institution were invited to participate in an online questionnaire survey. According to the result of the quantitative survey, 15 of these REC members were purposefully selected to participate in qualitative interviews further. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques, and thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. Findings from the quantitative and qualitative analyses were synthesized to deeply illustrate the attitudes, views, and suggestions of REC members on human challenge studies to develop COVID-19 vaccination. RESULTS The response rate of the online questionnaire was 62% (36/58), and 15 of the respondents were interviewed. All participants deemed that the human challenge study should provide compensation to its participants and that sufficiently informed consent is necessary. The human challenge study was disagreed with by 38.9% of participants. The key points of concern raised were representativeness and fairness of participant selection, benefit, and risk, vulnerable groups, compensation to participants, informed consent, and general view on human challenge studies. CONCLUSIONS Human challenge studies helped accelerate the development of vaccines for disease control to a certain extent, but the bottom line of medical ethics should not have been broken. At any time, the rights and interests of research participants should come first.
Structural Comparison of Diplonemid Communities around the Izu Peninsula, Japan

Diplonemea (diplonemids) is one of the most abundant and species-rich protist groups in marine environments; however, their community structures among local and seasonal samples have not yet been compared. In the present study, we analyzed four diplonemid community structures around the Izu Peninsula, Japan using barcode sequences amplified from environmental DNA. These sequences and the results of statistical analyses indicated that communities at the same site were more similar to each other than those in the same season. Environmental variables were also measured, and their influence on diplonemid community structures was examined. Salinity, electrical conductivity, and temperature, and their correlated variables, appeared to influence the structures of diplonemid communities, which was consistent with previous findings; however, since the results obtained did not reach statistical significance, further studies are required. A comparison of each diplonemid community indicated that some lineages were unique to specific samples, while others were consistently detected in all samples. Members of the latter type are cosmopolitan candidates and may be better adapted to the environments of the studied area. Future studies that focus on the more adaptive members will provide a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms by which diplonemids are widely distributed in marine environments and will facilitate their utilization as indicator organisms to monitor environmental changes.
Elemental composition of particulate matters around Urmia Lake, Iran

ABSTRACT Atmospheric particulate matters and their elements were concurrently measured at two sites located in the north and southeast parts of Urmia Lake from January to September 2013. At both sampling sites, average concentrations of total suspended particulate, particles with the aerodynamic diameter of smaller than 10 µm, smaller than 2.5 µm, and smaller than 1 µm were 260 ± 106, 180 ± 73, 30 ± 8, and 25 ± 7 µg m−3, respectively. The analyzed water soluble ions accounted for approximately 11%–13% mass concentrations of total suspended particulate and 8%–9% of particles smaller than 10 µm, and the sum of the concentrations of the analyzed elements associated with both ranged from 9 to 41 µg m−3 (6.5%–9.6% in mass) and 7 to 26 µg m−3 (5.5%–11.3% in mass), respectively. Thus, particulate matter was composed of a complex mixture of minerals such as halite, quartz, gypsum, hexahydrite, and Bassanite.
Ang2 inhibitors and Tie2 activators: potential therapeutics in perioperative treatment of early stage cancer

Anti‐angiogenic drugs targeting the VEGF pathway are most effective in advanced metastatic disease settings of certain types of cancers, whereas they have been unsuccessful as adjuvant therapies of micrometastatic disease in numerous phase III trials involving early‐stage (resectable) cancers. Newer investigational anti‐angiogenic drugs have been designed to inhibit the Angiopoietin (Ang)‐Tie pathway. Acting through Tie2 receptors, the Ang1 ligand is a gatekeeper of endothelial quiescence. Ang2 is a dynamically expressed pro‐angiogenic destabilizer of endothelium, and its upregulation is associated with poor prognosis in cancer. Besides using Ang2 blockers as inhibitors of tumor angiogenesis, little attention has been paid to their use as stabilizers of blood vessels to suppress tumor cell extravasation and metastasis. In clinical trials, Ang2 blockers have shown limited efficacy in advanced metastatic disease settings. This review summarizes preclinical evidence suggesting the potential utility of Ang2 inhibitors or Tie2 activators as neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapies in the prevention or treatment of early‐stage micrometastatic disease. We further discuss the rationale and potential of combining these strategies with immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint targeting antibodies.
The influencing factors and coping styles of mental health stress responses of stroke caregivers.

BACKGROUND For family caregivers, sudden stroke events and heavy caring works are stressful events. At present, controversies about the factors affecting caregivers' stress response and their correlation with coping styles still exist. OBJECTIVE To explore the influencing factors and coping styles of mental health stress responses of stroke caregivers and promote caregivers to adopt positive coping styles for diseases and caring works. METHODS The convenience sampling method is used to select stroke caregivers as the research objects. The general information questionnaires, Relative Stress Scale (RSS), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Social Support Rate Scale (SSRS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) are utilized for investigation. RESULTS 205 valid questionnaires are returned. Analysis suggests that the influential factors of mental health stress responses of stroke caregivers include the course of the disease, the impact of the disease on economic conditions, obligation to take care of other family members, understanding of stroke-associated diseases, and whether the patient is at risk. Social support and self-efficacy are negatively correlated with stress responses, while negative coping style is significantly positively correlated with stress responses. CONCLUSIONS By increasing social support and self-efficacy, medical workers can guide stroke caregivers to take positive coping styles, thereby reducing their mental health stress responses.
Construction of lncRNA-related ceRNA regulatory network in diabetic subdermal endothelial cells

ABSTRACT Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were considered to be involved in vascular complications in diabetes mellitus, but still only limited knowledge in this regard has been obtained. Herein, we further explored the roles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in diabetic vasculopathy (DV) through conducting bioinformatics analysis using data set downloaded from GEO database. The differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were identified by edge package. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed based on clusterprofiler package. The relationship between lncRNA and miRNA was predicted using starBase database, and the potential mRNAs targeted by miRNAs were predicted by TargetScan, miRTarbase and miRDB database. The string database was used to analyze the protein-protein interaction (PPI). As a result, a total of 12 lncRNAs and 711 mRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in the diabetic subdermal endothelial cells compared with normal controls. A ceRNA network was established, which was composed of seven lncRNA nodes, 49 miRNA nodes, 58 mRNA nodes and 183 edges, and MSC-AS1 and LINC01550 may serve as key nodes. GO function enrichment analysis showed enrichments of epithelial cell proliferation, intercellular junction, and cell adhesion molecule binding. KEGG pathway analysis revealed 33 enriched pathways. PPI protein interaction analysis identified 57 potential ceRNA-related proteins. Overall, this study suggests that multiple lncRNAs, specifically MSC-AS1 and LINC01550, may play an important role in DV development and they are like to be developed as the therapeutic targets for DV. However, further experiments in vitro and in vivo should be conducted to validate our results. Graphical Abstract