Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short Memories? The Impact of SEC Enforcement on Insider Leakage

We study the impact of SEC enforcement on information leakage by corporate insiders. We find, for the first time, that SEC enforcement has a significant and immediate deterrent effect on insider leakage. Furthermore, enforcement actions undertaken after a long period of SEC enforcement inactivity display a more significant effect on leakage, consistent with predictions that insiders adapt their behavior depending on how active they perceive the regulator to be. We also study SEC escalations in sanctioning and find that they have a particularly notable deterrent effect, changing insider leakage behavior for approximately 24 months. Our results suggest that capital markets regulators need to intervene on a regular basis in order to maintain deterrence of undesirable behavior.
Unemployment among Graduates - Is there a Mismatch?

Malaysian graduates have been challenged with issues of unemployment with an increasing trend in unemployment rates in the last few years. The increasing unemployment rate is a grave concern since this issue may decrease the image of the educational system in Malaysia and hence might lead to some companies losing their confidence in our local graduates. Hence, the root cause of this issue needs immediate attention. This paper examines the link between graduate attributes, employability skills, English proficiency, unrealistic salary and job mismatch on unemployment among graduates in Malaysia. Using a self-administered questionnaire, data was collected from 159 workers who had graduated from public universities in Shah Alam and experienced unemployment for at least six months from the date they completed their studies. Partial least squares method has been adopted using SmartPLS 3.0 software for analyzing the data. The findings revealed that employability skills, job mismatch and unrealistic salary were the main factors causing unemployment among graduates. To mitigate this issue, policy measures have to look at both micro level in terms of attitude of graduates as well as macro level at institutional factors such as courses provided by the universities.
Changes of Motor Function according to Attention Differences in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Pilot Study

Stroke means that blood supply to the brain nerve cells is stopped due to cerebrovascular ischemia and hemorrhage. This causes neural cells in certain brain areas to be necrotic [1]. This results in impaired cognitive function, and problems with attention, memory, and executive function [2]. Among them, attention problem of stroke patients is one of the most frequently reported symptoms [3], and the decrease of attention eventually leads to the limitation in daily life [4]. In particular, the dysfunction on balance and gait appear to be the main problems of stroke patients [5]. Sustained decrease in attention not only results in motor performance [6], but also causes various damages in daily life [7]. Therefore, attention is an important factor for the recovery of impaired motor function in stroke patients [8]. Electroencephalography (EEG) is mainly used to measure neurophysiological changes in the brain [9], and is divided into delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma waves. Among them, the beta waves corresponds to 12 to 35 Hz, and is subdivided into sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) wave (12 to 15 Hz), mid beta wave (15 to 18 Hz), and high beta wave (20 to 35 Hz). SMR waves are observed while solving simple problems or focusing to external stimuli. And it plays a role in improving cognitive ability and awareness of the body [10]. In stroke patients, alpha and beta waves decrease due to reduced attention ability, and delta and theta waves increase. Therefore, restoration of the SMR waves in stroke patients means improvement of attention. Interventions such as neurofeedback training and action observation training have been reported to improve the concentration of brain injured patients [11-14]. These interventions have been reported to improve motor function through improved concentration, but the application of these interventions in clinical practice is not easy [6]. Furthermore, in ORIGINAL ARTICLE ISSN(Print) : 1226-1726 ISSN(Online) 2384-0544
Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the Cognitive Social Capital Scale in a Colombian sample

Social capital is a polysemic concept that hinders the construction of an instrument that addresses all meanings. However, the concept has been used with increasing frequency in health sciences, which has motivated the need for valid and reliable tools. The study aimed to perform exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on a seven-item scale to measure social capital in adults of the general Colombian population. An online validation study was done, including a sample of 700 adults aged between 18 and 76 years (M = 37.1, SD = 12.7), and 68% were females. Participants completed a seven-item scale called the Cognitive Social Capital Scale (CSCS). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to explore the dimensionality of the CSCS. Moreover, Cronbach alpha and McDonald omega were computed to test internal consistency. The CSCS presented poor dimensionality and low internal consistency. Then, it was tested a five-item version (CSCS-5). The CSCS-5 showed one dimension with better goodness-of-fit indicators, Cronbach alpha of 0.79 and McDonald omega of 0.80. In conclusion, CSCS-5 presents one dimensional and high internal consistency. It can be recommended for the measuring of social capital in the general Colombian population. Further researches should corroborate these findings.
Structural Connectivity in Children Treated with Therapeutic Hypothermia for Neonatal Encephalopathy

Neonatal encephalopathy leads to high risk of death and neurodevelopmental impairment, including cerebral palsy. Treatment with therapeutic hypothermia offers improved outcome. However, recent studies have shown that school-age children treated with therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy have reduced performance on cognitive and motor tests, attention difficulties, slower reaction times and reduced visuo-spatial processing abilities compared to typically developing controls, despite ruling out a diagnosis of cerebral palsy and having developmental scores around the normative mean at 18 months. We hypothesised that alterations in white matter microstructure and disruption to brain connectivity might underlie these symptoms. In this case-control study, we used diffusion-weighted imaging to investigate white matter microstructure and whole-brain structural connectivity in school-age children without cerebral palsy treated with therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy at birth, compared to controls matched for age, sex and socio-economic status. At the whole-brain level, tract-based spatial statistics of 33 cases (median age 6.9 years; range 6.0-7.9) and 36 controls confirmed reduced fractional anisotropy in cases in widespread areas of white matter (p < 0.05), particularly in the fornix, corpus callosum, anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule bilaterally, and the cingulum bilaterally. By parcellating the brain and performing probabilistic tractography, we then extracted structural brain networks, weighted by fractional anisotropy, for 22 cases (median age 7.0 years; range 6.0-7.8) and 32 controls. Network properties related to network integration and segregation were found to correlate with cognitive scores in cases but not controls. Network-based statistic analysis revealed weakened connectivity in cases (p = 0.0304) for a subnetwork involving the precuneus, thalamus, left superior parietal gyrus and left inferior temporal gyrus. Subnetworks were also found in which the dependence of cognitive outcome on connectivity was higher in cases than in controls, for both full-scale IQ (p = 0.0132) and processing speed (p = 0.0122), possibly reflecting delayed or disrupted white matter maturation. These analyses implicated numerous brain regions involved in visuo-spatial processing and attention, aligning with previous behavioural findings. Additionally, many of these regions have been highlighted as major hubs in the human connectome, which are thought to be vulnerable to damage due to their high metabolic rate. Our findings demonstrate that, despite the successes of therapeutic hypothermia, there remain aspects of brain structure which are impacted by neonatal encephalopathy. Therefore, these children may benefit from targeted therapeutic intervention.
Morphological appearance of trypanosomes in relation to drug sensitivity: comparative studies between drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Trypanosoma congolense strain in murine and bovine model

The pathogenicity and transmissibility of T. congolense vary with its morphological appearance in the bloodstream. Similarly, we speculated that the morphological appearance of T. congolense varies with therapeutic sensitivity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether the morphological appearance of drug-sensitive T. congolense-Mikese and drug-resistant T. congolense-Mbagala in host’s bloodstream vary from each other. Either T. congolense strains were inoculated into mice and cattle and monitored for morphological appearances and abundance in the bloodstream over time post-infection. In mice, the mean body length of drug-sensitive (12.38±1.66µm) and drug-resistant trypanosomes (12.58±2.03µm) was similar, except at day 6-8 post-infection. In cattle, the mean body length of drug-resistant trypanosomes (10.08±1.32µm) was significantly shorter than that of drug-sensitive trypanosomes (12.38±1.56µm). The categorization of observed trypanosomes based on their length demonstrated short-form intermediate-form and long-form. The abundance of short-form of bloodstream trypanosomes in both mice and cattle was significantly higher in drug-resistant than drug-sensitive T. congolense. In conclusion, these findings preliminarily suggest a correlation between the therapeutic sensitivity and morphological appearance of T. congolense. However, we recommend additional studies involving fine-scale measurements of other determinant morphological and/or behavioural features (kinetoplast, nucleus, organelle, flagella, pathogenicity and transmissibility).
The Effect of Strong Near Surface Scattering on Seismic Imaging: Investigation Based on Resolution Analysis

In land seismic exploration, strong near-surface heterogeneities can cause serious problems in seismic data acquisition and the quality of depth imaging. By introducing random velocity models to simulate velocity fluctuations in the near-surface layer and using the point spread function to characterize image quality, we examine how the scattering generated in near-surface heterogeneities can affect the subsurface image. In addition to the commonly known scattering noises which lower the signal to noise ratio in seismic data, our results also reveal that intermediate scale heterogeneities generate forward scattering which forms phase or travel time fluctuations. Due to intermediate-scale uncertainty in the shallow part of the migration velocity model, these phase changes are carried to the target by the extrapolated wavefields, breaking the zero phase image condition at the image point. This is a primary reason for deteriorated image quality in regions with strong near-surface scattering. If this intermediate-scale information can be obtained and built into the migration velocity, the subsurface image quality can be largely improved. These results can be the basis for further numerical investigations and field experiments. The proposed analysis method can also be used to evaluate other potential methods for dealing with nearsurface scattering. AMS subject classifications: 74J20, 86A15
Curative and hepatoprotective action of fenugreek (Trigonellafoenumgaraecum) seeds against cisplatin induced oxidative liver damage in male albino rats

Fenugreek is one of several herbal medicines whose seeds and leaves are used either as food or as drink. The present study was designed to investigate possible potential hepatocurative & hepatoprotective activity of 5% and 10% of fenugreek (Trigonellafoenumgaraecum) seeds against cisplatin (5mg/kg body wt.) induced oxidative liver damage in male albino rats. The experimental protocol designed as the animals(42 rats) were divided into seven groups including both curative and protective groups (six rats each) : Group (1) Negative control group was fed on basal diet only for 28 days and curative groups including subgroups (2,3,4) were injected interaperitoneal by cisplatin (5mg/kg body wt.) from the first day and waiting for 24 hours to induce hepatotoxicity as follows: curative Positive control group (subgroup 2) was fed on basal diet after injection, subgroup (3,4) was fed basal diet +5% and 10% fenugreek seeds powder respectively after injection by cisplatin. While Protective groups including subgroups (5,6,7), they were injected with cisplatin interaperitoneal on the last day of the experiment and kept 24 hours after injection and divided as follows : protective Positive control group (subgroup 5) was fed basal diet and given cisplatin interaperitoneal injection (5mg/kg body wt.) on the last day of experiment. Subgroups (6) and (7) were fed basal diet and given fenugreek seeds 5% and 10% respectively and they were injected with cisplatin interaperitoneal on the last day of the experiment , then all rats were fasted overnight (12 hours), sacrificed and blood samples were collected to determine chemical analysis (AST, ALT, ALP, total protein, albumin, globulin, Albumin/Globulin, MDA, SOD, CAT. Besides, nutritional and biological parameters were recorded (FI, BWG%, FER). The results showed that fenugreek seeds powder at 5% and 10% intake in curative and protective groups improved feed intake, the body weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, liver function, and antioxidant enzymes compared with positive control groups (injected with cisplatin). It can be concluded that fenugreek seed improved the activities of liver functions and antioxidant enzymes against cisplatin that induced oxidative liver injury.
Photons: lambdas on a diet

Serverless computing allows users to create short, stateless functions and invoke hundreds of them concurrently to tackle massively parallel workloads. We observe that even though most of the footprint of a serverless function is fixed across its invocations --- language runtime, libraries, and other application state --- today's serverless platforms do not exploit this redundancy. Such an inefficiency has cascading negative impacts: longer startup times, lower throughput, higher latency, and higher cost. To mitigate these problems, we have built Photons, a framework leveraging workload parallelism to co-locate multiple instances of the same function within the same runtime. Concurrent invocations can then share the runtime and application state transparently, without compromising execution safety. Photons reduce function's memory consumption by 25% to 98% per invocation, with no performance degradation compared to today's serverless platforms. We also show that our approach can reduce the overall memory utilization by 30%, and the total number of cold starts by 52%.
On Deterministic Feature-based Surface Analysis

Manufacturing sector is continuously identifying opportunities to streamline production, reduce waste and improve manufacturing efficiency without compromising product quality. Continuous improvement has been the primary objective to produce acceptable quality products and meet dynamic customer demands by using advanced techniques and methods. Considering the current demands from society on improving the efficiency with sustainable goals, there is considerable interest from researchers and industry to explore the potential, to optimizeand customize manufactured surfaces, as one way of improving the performance of products and processes. Every manufacturing process generate surfaces which beholds certain signature features. Engineered surfaces consist of both, features that are of interest and features that are irrelevant. These features imparted on the manufactured part vary depending on the process, materials, tooling and manufacturing process variables. Characterization and analysis of deterministic features represented by significant surface parameters helps the understanding of the process and its influence on surface functional properties such as wettability, fluid retention, friction, wear and aesthetic properties such as gloss, matte. In this thesis, a general methodology with a statistical approach is proposed to extract the robust surface parameters that provides deterministic and valuable information on manufactured surfaces. Surface features produced by turning, injection molding and Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) are characterized by roughness profile parameters and areal surface parameters defined by ISO standards. Multiple regression statistics is used to resolve surfaces produced with multiple process variables and multiple levels. In addition, other statistical methods used to capture the relevant surface parameters for analysis are also discussed in this thesis. The selected significant parameters discriminate between the samples produced by different process variables and helps to identify the influence of each process variable. The discussed statistical approach provides valuable information on the surface function and further helps to interpret the surfaces for process optimization. The research methods used in this study are found to be valid and applicable for different manufacturing processes and can be used to support guidelines for the manufacturing industry focusing on process optimization through surface analysis. With recent advancement in manufacturing technologies such as additive manufacturing, new methodologies like the statistical one used in this thesis is essential to explore new and future possibilities related to surface engineering.
EVALUATION THE PRODUCTION IN THE MECHANIZED AND TRADITIONAL RAIN-FED AGRICULTURAL SUB KORDOFAN STATE, SUDAN

Dept. of Agric. Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental studies, Peace University, Sudan. * Department of Agricultural Economics college of Agric Studies, Sudan University of Sciences and Technology Sudan Dept. of Agric. Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental studies, Peace University, Sudan. Dept. of Agric. Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental studies, Peace University, Sudan.
A new tiny toad species of Amazophrynella (Anura: Bufonidae) from east of the Guiana Shield in Amazonia, Brazil

The combination of different approaches has successfully delimited new species within many Neotropical species complexes traditionally classified as a single nominal organism. Recent studies have shown that the Amazonian endemic genus Amazophrynella, currently composed of 12 small-sized species, could harbor several additional species. Based on morphology and molecular data, we describe a new species of Amazophrynella from east of the Guiana Shield, in Pará state, Brazil. The new species is characterized by having one of the biggest size of the genus (SVL of males 16.0–17.8 mm and females 22.9–24.4 mm), presence of a large palmar tubercle (occupying 2/4 of the palmar surface), 5.6–8.1% uncorrected p-distance from its sister clade (including A. teko, A. sp.1, and A. manaos) for the 16S mitochondrial gene, and 8.8% for the COI. The new species described here represents a newly discovered lineage. Of the 12 Amazophrynella species currently recognized, two were describe in the last century (A. bokermanni and A. minuta) and the remaining species were recently discovered and described (in the last six years), which underscores the degree to which species richness of Amazophrynella is underestimated.
Effect of Tiger Nut Meal on Some Sex Hormones and Sperm Cells in Androgen-induced Benign Prostate Hyperplasia in Adult Male Wistar Rats

Introduction: It is generally believed that Cyperus esculentus (tiger nut) has some fertility boosting effects. However, scientific validation of some of the fertility boosting potentials as well as the ameliorative effect of tiger nut on Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) is lacking. Objective: The aim of the project is to determine the effect of tiger nuts in reproductive function in rats induced with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH). Methods: A total of sixty (60) male rats weighing between 160 – 200 g were used in this study. They were divided into six groups of ten rats per group. Benign prostate hyperplasia was induced in three groups of the rats (as stated in methodology) with 30 mg/kg sub-cutaneous injections of hormones containing dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol valerate dissolved in olive oil in the ratio of 10:1 (three times in a week, one day interval). Administration of tiger nut meal commenced immediately and lasted for two months. At the end of administration, assay of reproductive hormones (FSH, LH and Testosterone) was done. Comprehensive semen analysis was also done including (count, motility & morphology). Original Research Article Izunwanne et al.; JAMMR, 32(14): 74-82, 2020; Article no.JAMMR. 57911 75 Results: The study showed that the induction of BPH resulted in a very significant reduction of FSH while the administration of the tiger nut meal did not show any significant effect on FSH (P>0.05). The same trend was also observed on the effect of the tiger nut meal on LH level. For testosterone, it was observed that after the initial decrease as a result of the induction of infertility, 20% tiger nut meal administration significantly increased the testosterone level to 2.10±0.06 ng/ml from 0.30±0.01 ng/ml in the infertility-induced group. The effect of tiger nut meal on semen analyses namely, normal sperm cells and sperm motility showed a significant increase (P<0.05) following the induction of infertility. The effect of the tiger nut meal on sperm morphological toxicities were also examined. Sperm abnormalities like sperm cells with twisted tails were examined. Conclusion: The administration of tiger nut significantly ameliorated the abnormalities and thus, restored the morphology of the sperm cells such that it can enhance fertility.