Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radfahren: Trittfrequenz und Tritttechnik in der Ebene und am Berg

Cycling is scientifically an interesting activity because it is par ticularly suitable for muscle-mechanical and physiological research. Numerous publications on cycling document this interest. A practical focus of this research is the examination of cadence and pedaling technique from different points of view. Focusing on competition the optimal cadence and pedaling technique to generate maximal power for an endurance activity are of great interest. With one question cycling research has not argued enough yet: why do professional cyclists adopt a lower cadence when they are cycling uphill compared to cycling on level ground? Currently no scientific evidence is available to explain this choice of a lower cadence. This review article shows the current research state in the field of optimal cadence and pedaling technique and lists some potential factors that could affect the optimal cadence and give an answer to the mentioned question. Conclusion: A general optimal cadence does not exist. With a holistic mechano-physiological model the variations of optimal cadence could be explained. Ubersichtsartikel Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur «Sportmedizin und Sporttraumatologie» 56 (2), 71–76, 2008 Zusammenfassung Radrennfahren ist eine wissenschaftlich interessante Sportart, weil sie sich sehr gut fur muskelmechanische und leistungsphysiologische Untersuchungen eignet. Die zahlreichen Publikationen zum Thema Radfahren dokumentieren dieses Interesse. Ein praxisnaher Schwerpunkt ist die Auseinandersetzung mit der Trittfrequenz und der Tritttechnik aus verschiedenen Betrachtungsweisen. Im wettkampforientierten Rahmen stehen dabei die optimale Trittfrequenz und die Tritttechnik im Mittelpunkt, um im Ausdauerbereich eine maximale Leistung erbringen zu konnen. Mit einer Frage hat sich die Wissenschaft aber noch ungenugend auseinandergesetzt: Wieso wird im Profi-Radsport am Berg im Vergleich zur Ebene eine tiefere Trittfrequenz gefahren? Keine wissenschaftliche Arbeit vermag bislang die Wahl einer tieferen Trittfrequenz zu erklaren. Dieser Ubersichtsartikel zeigt den momentanen Stand der Forschung im Bereich der optimalen Trittfrequenz und der Tritttechnik und fuhrt mogliche Faktoren auf, welche die optimale Trittfrequenz beeinflussen und die erwahnte Frage beantworten konnten. Schlussfolgerung: Eine allgemeingultige optimale Trittfrequenz gibt es nicht. Mit einem ganzheitlichen mechano-physiologischen Modell konnten die Variationen der optimalen Trittfrequenz aufgezeigt werden.
SLIC-Based Cloud Removal Approach with Inpainting for Landsat 8 SAR Images

Clouds which exist in optical remote sensing images can degrade their applicability for earth observation. Ground-cover information is degraded by thin clouds or even completely occluded by thick clouds, which limits further analysis and applications. Thus a SLIC based cloud removal approach is formulated for clustering the similar superpixels and forming Column Stack. Group Sparsity Constrained Robust principal component analysis is used to detect cloud and generate a column stack mask. Discriminative Robust Principal Component analysis is conducted to remove clouds. Finally inpainting is performed by finding the similar patches to obtain the gaps filled. The experimental results of reconstructed Landsat 8 real images are compared with the Landsat 7 real images using PSNR and RMSE. The values for PSNR are varying from 25 in Landsat 7 Real images to 90 in Landsat 8 reconstructed real images in Green channel and RMSE has changed from 175 in Landsat 7 real images to 3 in Red channel. This indicates that Landsat 8 reconstructed real images have greater quality and error rate in less.
Fullerenes against COVID-19: Repurposing C60 and C70 to Clog the Active Site of SARS-CoV-2 Protease

The persistency of COVID-19 in the world and the continuous rise of its variants demand new treatments to complement vaccines. Computational chemistry can assist in the identification of moieties able to lead to new drugs to fight the disease. Fullerenes and carbon nanomaterials can interact with proteins and are considered promising antiviral agents. Here, we propose the possibility to repurpose fullerenes to clog the active site of the SARS-CoV-2 protease, Mpro. Through the use of docking, molecular dynamics, and energy decomposition techniques, it is shown that C60 has a substantial binding energy to the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, Mpro, higher than masitinib, a known inhibitor of the protein. Furthermore, we suggest the use of C70 as an innovative scaffold for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. At odds with masitinib, both C60 and C70 interact more strongly with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro when different protonation states of the catalytic dyad are considered. The binding of fullerenes to Mpro is due to shape complementarity, i.e., vdW interactions, and is aspecific. As such, it is not sensitive to mutations that can eliminate or invert the charges of the amino acids composing the binding pocket. Fullerenic cages should therefore be more effective against the SARS-CoV-2 virus than the available inhibitors such as masinitib, where the electrostatic term plays a crucial role in the binding.
Application of MIMO Control Algorithm for Active Suspension System: A New Model with 5 State Variables

This paper introduces the LQR control algorithm for the active suspension system. Because the model of the vehicle dynamics used in this paper includes a hydraulic actuator, therefore, this model will include five state variables. Besides, the process of linearization of the hydraulic actuator is also shown in this paper. This is a completely novel and original method. It is possible to describe almost all the characteristics of hydraulic actuators with just one linear differential equation. Also, the parameters of the LQR controller are optimized through the in-loop optimization algorithm. The results of the research showed that the values of displacement and acceleration of the sprung mass were significantly reduced when this algorithm was used. In the investigation cases, these values usually do not exceed 2.68% and 43.00% compared to the situation of the vehicle using only a passive suspension system. Therefore, ride comfort and stability can be enhanced in many driving conditions when the active suspension system with the LQR control algorithm is used.
Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Cellulase Extraction from Nymphaea hybrid Flower and Biological Activities: Antioxidant Activity, Protective Effect against ROS Oxidative Damage in HaCaT Cells and Inhibition of Melanin Production in B16 Cells

In this study, ultrasonic-assisted cellulase extraction (UCE) was applied to extract flavonoids and polyphenols from the Nymphaea hybrid flower. The extraction conditions were optimized using the response surface method (RSM) coupled with a Box-Behnken design. The crude extract of Nymphaea hybrid (NHE) was further purified using AB-8 macroporous resins, and the purified extract (NHEP) was characterized by FTIR and HPLC. In vitro activity determination by chemical method showed that NHEP displayed strong free radical scavenging abilities against the DPPH and ABTS radicals, good reduction power, and hyaluronidase inhibition. The cell viability by CCK-8 assays showed that NHEP had no significant cytotoxicity for B16 and HaCaT cells when the concentration was below 100 μg/mL and 120 μg/mL, respectively. NHEP with a concentration of 20–160 μg/mL can more effectively reduce the ROS level in H2O2 damaged HaCaT cells compared with 10 μg/mL of VC. The 40 μg/mL of NHEP had similar activity against intracellular melanin production in the B16 melanoma cells compared with 20 μg/mL Kojic acid. Good activities of antioxidation, whitening and protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative damage promote the potential for NHEP as a functional raw material in the field of cosmetics and medicine.
A Corpus-Based Study of Public Attitudes towards Coronavirus Vaccines

Since the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 has been sweeping the world on an unprecedented scale. As an important means of fighting the virus, vaccines have provoked heated discussions. Motivated by this practical concern, the present study aims at contributing to the understanding of public opinions about vaccines, which may provide implications for the government in their making and implementation of related policies. This research adopts a corpus-based approach in conjunction with a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). Data for this study drawn from the Coronavirus corpus show what people are actually saying in online newspapers and magazines in 20 different English-speaking countries. The collocation and frequency of the word “vaccine” are arranged in concordance contextually. Overall, this study reveals that the collocation of vaccine can be divided into several categories, and people’s major concerns about COVID-19 vaccination include global progress, equality, and the latest development.
Appointed-Time and Attack-Free Bipartite Synchronization of Generic Linear Multiagent Systems Over Directed Switching Networks

This article derives a solution to the appointed-time and attack-free bipartite synchronization problem for generic linear multiagent systems over directed switching networks accommodating cooperative and antagonistic interactions. Herein, appointed-time means that the settling time is independent of any parameters and is preappointed in advance. Attack-free requires that the communication channel is protected, which means that no state and observer information exchange is allowed, and only measured relative output information is available when designing protocols. Firstly, by virtue of Pontryagin’s maximum principle, a distributed appointed-time state-feedback protocol is developed for directed switching networks, which tackles the appointed-time bipartite synchronization problem from a motion-planning approach based on sampling measurements, but takes the risk of facing cyber attacks on information exchange channels. Then, to be free of network attacks, a sampling-based attack-free observer using relative output information is designed to observe bipartite synchronization errors at an appointed time. By combining the appointed-time state-feedback protocol with the sampling-based attack-free observer, an attack-free output-feedback protocol is developed without requiring the state or control input information. The attack-free appointed-time bipartite synchronization problem is thus resolved. Both the state-feedback and attack-free protocols show the ability of disturbance rejection to the nonidentical bounded disturbances. To our knowledge, it is the first time to solve the appointed-time and attack-free bipartite synchronization problem for generic linear multiagents based on state- and output-feedback information, respectively. Finally, simulations verify the effectiveness of the two protocols.
Fracture mechanical model of main roof along inclined for fully-mechanized top-coal caving in steep and extra-thick coal seam

Studied the main roof broken character in steep and extra-thick coal seam with horizontally sectioned fully-mechanized top-coal caving,the fracture cantilever model of main roof was established.The cantilever energy formula of main roof was obtained by using fracture mechanics.At last,advanced the burst prevention way of rock burst and arrived success in Huating mine.
Unsupervised Spectral-Spatial Semantic Feature Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Can we automatically learn meaningful semantic feature representations when training labels are absent? Several recent unsupervised deep learning approaches have attempted to tackle this problem by solving the data reconstruction task. However, these methods can easily latch on low-level features. To solve this problem, we propose an end-to-end spectral-spatial semantic feature learning network (S3FN) for unsupervised deep semantic feature extraction from HSIs. Our main idea is to learn spectral-spatial features from high-level semantic perspective. First, we utilize the feature transformation to obtain two feature descriptions of the same source data from different views. Then, we propose the spectral-spatial feature learning network to project the two feature descriptions into the deep embedding space. Subsequently, a contrastive loss function is introduced to align the two projected features, which should have the same implied semantic meaning. The proposed S3FN learns the spectral and spatial features separately, and then merges them. Finally, the learned spectral-spatial features by S3FN are processed by a classifier to evaluate their effectiveness. Experimental results on three publicly available HSI data sets show that our proposed S3FN can produce promising classification results with a lower time cost than other state-of-the-art (SOTA) deep learning-based unsupervised feature extraction methods.
The Value of 18F-FDG-PET-CT Imaging in Treatment Evaluation of Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Systematic Review

(1) Background: Up to 50% of patients with colorectal cancer either have synchronous colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) or develop CRLM over the course of their disease. Surgery and thermal ablation are the most common local treatment options of choice. Despite development and improvement in local treatment options, (local) recurrence remains a significant clinical problem. Many different imaging modalities can be used in the follow-up after treatment of CRLM, lacking evidence-based international consensus on the modality of choice. In this systematic review, we evaluated 18F-FDG-PET-CT performance after surgical resection, thermal ablation, radioembolization, and neoadjuvant and palliative chemotherapy based on current published literature. (2) Methods: A systematic literature search was performed on the PubMed database. (3) Results: A total of 31 original articles were included in the analysis. Only one suitable study was found describing the role of 18F-FDG-PET-CT after surgery, which makes it hard to draw a firm conclusion. 18F-FDG-PET-CT showed to be of additional value in the follow-up after thermal ablation, palliative chemotherapy, and radioembolization. 18F-FDG-PET-CT was found to be a poor to moderate predictor of pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. (4) Conclusions: 18F-FDG-PET-CT is superior to conventional morphological imaging modalities in the early detection of residual disease after thermal ablation and in the treatment evaluation and prediction of prognosis during palliative chemotherapy and after radioembolization, and 18F-FDG-PET-CT could be considered in selected cases after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical resection.
Fatty acid desaturase genetic variations and dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake associate with arterial stiffness

Abstract Aims Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) generate diverse bioactive lipid mediators, which tightly regulate vascular inflammation. The effects of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in cardiovascular prevention however remain controversial. In addition to direct dietary intake, fatty acid desaturases (FADS) determine PUFA levels. Increased arterial stiffness represents an independent predictor of mortality and cardiovascular events. The aim of the present study was to determine the association of PUFA intake, FADS1 genotype, and FADS expression with arterial stiffness. Methods and results A cross-sectional population-based cohort study of 1464 participants without overt cardiovascular disease was conducted. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Arterial stiffness was assessed by carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), and the FADS1 locus variant was determined. Blood cell transcriptomics was performed in a subset of 410 individuals. Pulse wave velocity was significantly associated with the FADS1 locus variant. Differential associations between PWV and omega-3 PUFA intake were observed depending on the FADS1 genotype. High omega-3 PUFA intake attenuated the FADS1 genotype-dependent associations. Carriers of the minor FADS1 locus variant exhibited increased expression of FADS2, which is associated with PWV. Conclusion Taken together, these findings point to FADS1 genotype-dependent associations of omega-3 PUFA intake on subclinical cardiovascular disease. These findings may have implications for identifying responders and non-responders to omega-3 PUFA supplementation and open up for personalized dietary counselling in cardiovascular prevention.
An analytical and performance study of random topologies in an Openflow network

Today’s networks are getting more complex every day. Therefore studying connectivity, robustness and node importance features about them is getting more crucial. Since network technologies have strong relationship with network graphs and consequently with the concept of Graph theory in mathematics, an analytical model of calculation, comparison and prediction is established while experimenting prototypes of the model on a real platform. The model creates a variety of both classic and random graphs via scripts and tries to use or define new connectivity, robustness and node importance variables on each type of the graphs. Later on, it will experiment the variables on a testbed with simulated network technologies. The new technology, Openflow has been chosen as the platform to test the network technologies via a simulated environment. Despite traditional networks, this platform has a centralized controller as the brain of the whole network. The effects of that, would be considered in the experiments as well.
Screening the Significant Hub Genes by Comparing Tumor Cells, Normoxic and Hypoxic Glioblastoma Stem-like Cell Lines Using Co-Expression Analysis in Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is categorized by rapid malignant cellular growth in the central nervous system (CNS) tumors. It is one of the most prevailing primary brain tumors, particularly in human male adults. Even though the combination therapy comprises surgery, chemotherapy, and adjuvant therapies, the survival rate is on average 14.6 months. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) have key roles in tumorigenesis, progression, and counteracting chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In our study, firstly, the gene expression dataset GSE45117 was retrieved and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were spotted. The co-expression network analysis was employed on DEGs to find the significant modules. The most significant module resulting from co-expression analysis was the turquoise module. The turquoise module related to the tumor cells, hypoxia, normoxic treatments of glioblastoma tumor (GBT), and GSCs were screened. Sixty-one common genes in the turquoise module were selected generated through the co-expression analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Moreover, the GO and KEGG pathway enrichment results were studied. Twenty common hub genes were screened by the NetworkAnalyst web instrument constructed on the PPI network through the STRING database. After survival analysis via the Kaplan–Meier (KM) plotter from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we identified the five most significant hub genes strongly related to the progression of GBM. We further observed these five most significant hub genes also up-regulated in another GBM gene expression dataset. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of the turquoise module genes was constructed and a KEGG pathway enrichments study of the turquoise module genes was performed. The VEGF signaling pathway was emphasized because of the strong link with GBM. A gene–disease association network was further constructed to demonstrate the information of the progression of GBM and other related brain neoplasms. All hub genes assessed through this study would be potential markers for the prognosis and diagnosis of GBM.
First Demonstration of Echo Separation for Orthogonal Waveform Encoding MIMO-SAR Based on Airborne Experiments

Multiple-input–multiple-output synthetic aperture radar (MIMO-SAR) has extensive application prospects, mainly including the acquisition of multidimensional scattering information, high-resolution and wide-width (HRWS) imaging, and moving target indication (MTI). Its echo separation is the most technical challenge, and so far, the confirmation for orthogonal waveform encoding MIMO-SAR by airborne experiments has not been reported in any literature. Here, an echo separation experiment based on the segmented phase code (SPC) waveforms and an airborne digital beamforming SAR (DBF-SAR) system is demonstrated for the first time. In the experiment, the SPC waveforms are cyclically transmitted within the adjacent pulse repetition intervals (PRIs) to simulate multiple transmitters, and the scattered echoes are received by the 16-channel antennas in elevation at the same time. In the postprocessing, the echo signals of continuous PRIs are added to obtain the mixed echoes, and a detailed echo separation method is adopted. In the method, the mixed echo signals from close arrival angles and far arrival angles are separated by the time shift and weighting, and by the bandpass filtering and DBF technique, respectively. Through the presented method, the mixed echoes of dual-transmit and 16-receive (2T16R) SAR imaging mode are separated and imaged successfully. The experimental results not only validate the echo separation scheme but also indicate that it is very promising in future MIMO-SAR missions.
Design and Application of Cigarette Case Sorting and Depositing System Based on "Project No.1"

Traditionally,a case depositing system is working on the basis of cigarette brand,each case filling-sealing machine links to a fixed conveying passage,which results in complex layout,large site area and low integration degree, and offers no real-time information about cigarette cases.Therefore,a new cigarette case depositing system was designed,wherein barcodes assigned by "Project No.1" and case barcodes were used for case sorting and depositing.The new system was composed of PLC systems at bottom level and database at top level.Cigarette cases were sorted at and picked from a main conveyance passage,and each case was able to be positioned all the way through the system and in the finish product warehouse.The practical application results in Changsha Cigarette Factory showed that the system was competent to deal with a throughput of 2300 cases/hour,the total capacity of 14 YP13 case filling-sealing machines.Comparing with a traditional system,the site area of equipment decreased from 1500 m2 to 500 m2,the number of conveying passage reduced from 28 to 24,and the number of manipulator reduced from 7 to 3,respectively.The product management database in the system could find out any cigarette case by means of its "Project No.1" barcode rapidly.