Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lipid Oxidation in Emulsions

For several years, there has been an increasing market for formulated foods and an expected development of functional foods. This increase corresponds to a huge demand for easy-to-use tasty products with a long shelf life that also fit nutritional recommendations such as decreased total fat content and increased amounts of iron and n-3 fatty acids. These contradictory requirements exacerbate the problem of lipid oxidation and emphasize the need for effective solutions ensuring adequacy of both shelf life and sensory quality of the new products. A large number of these formulated foods consist of a lipid phase dispersed in an aqueous medium and can therefore be described as oil-in-water emulsions. These emulsions are stabilized by the use of emulsifiers and surfactants adsorbed at the oilwater interface. Proteins as well as smaller molecules, such as monoacylglycerols and phospholipids, play a major role in the physical stabilization of food emulsions. Before they reach the consumer, food emulsions undergo various thermal or mechanical treatments and are stored under various conditions. These treatments induce modifications of the components and structure of the emulsion, including physical destabilization (Friberg and Larsson 1997), denaturation, aggregation and/or polymerization of protein (Genot et al. 1990, Monahan et al. 1993), interface aging (Leaver et al. 1999b and 1999c), and other chemical reactions. Among the reactions that can take place in emulsion systems, lipid oxidation has an appreciable influence on the technological, sensory, and nutritional qualities of the products. It first targets unsaturated lipids and can take place under a range of environmental conditions, provided that oxygen is present. It induces many side effects generally considered to be detrimental to product quality. It gives rise to undesirable off-flavors (Jacobsen et al. 1999a, van Ruth et al. 1999b) and potentially toxic reaction compounds (Aw 1998, Kubow 1992) directly derived from fatty acid degradation. First, the off-flavor compounds make the food no longer acceptable for human consumption when they are present in amounts higher than the acceptance threshold. Second, in complex systems such as emulsions, the reaction also affects the neighboring nonlipid molecules, especially proteins, and may alter their functional and nutritional properties.
PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE

Collaborative practice models that use an advanced practice pharmacist (APP) have been shown to improve outcomes for patients with chronic diseases. Few studies have evaluated the effects of team-based practice models involving an APP for time needed to attain glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) goals in patients with diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes). Ours is a retrospective cohort study, involving patients with type 2 diabetes who worked with a pharmacist in an academic family medicine clinic. These patients experienced a shorter time to achieve an HbA1c of less than 7%, as compared with patients who did not work with a pharmacist. Future studies should evaluate the length of time patients can sustain an HbA1c of less than 7% with team-based care involving an APP and the influence of such care on diabetes-related complications.
Prediction of mitral regurgitation resolution after coronary bypass graft surgery and cardiac resynchronization therapy by late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging: a case report

Abstract Background Appropriate surgical management of moderate functional mitral regurgitation (MR) at the time of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery remains controversial. A recent study demonstrated no survival benefit from adding mitral repair to CABG for patients with moderate functional MR. Preoperative prediction of reverse remodelling is crucial in making the decision to add mitral valve repair to CABG. Late gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (LGE MRI) offers a reference method to assess myocardial viability. Case summary A 60-year-old man with ischaemic cardiomyopathy was admitted to our hospital with exacerbation of heart failure symptoms. Left ventricular (LV) dilatation, severe impairment of LV systolic function, and moderate MR due to tethering were noted on transthoracic echocardiography. The mitral regurgitant jet was central. Intravenous administration of furosemide and human atrial natriuretic peptide was initiated. The patient experienced an episode of ventricular tachycardia, and coronary angiography demonstrated triple-vessel disease. On LGE MRI, subendocardial infarction with a transmural extent of 25–50% was revealed in the inferior, posterior, and lateral walls. Findings from LGE MRI suggested that myocardial viability had been preserved. After performing CABG and cardiac resynchronization therapy, LV volume was substantially decreased and moderate MR was significantly improved without surgical mitral repair. On speckle tracking echocardiography before surgery, a significant difference in the times to peak radial strain between the lateral wall (462 ms) and inferior wall (17 ms) indicated the presence of LV dyssynchrony. Left ventricular dyssynchrony was substantially improved after CABG and cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator implantation. Discussion In patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and moderate functional MR, acquisition of LGE MRI of the LV should be considered to evaluate the viability of LV myocardium. Findings from LGE MRI of the LV can potentially influence the surgical strategy. In patients with preserved viability of LV myocardium, functional MR could be improved after CABG without any surgical repair.
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE IN NUDE MICE GRAFTED WITH RAT THYMUS in thyroid

T h e T cell function o f congenitally athymic nude mice and rats, as well as the severe immunodeficiency resulting from thymic dysplasia in humans, can be correc ted by implantation of intact thymus or thymic epithelium (1-5). Either syngeneic or allogeneic thymic grafts are effective for reconsti tut ing T cell functions in congenitally thymus-deficient rodents (6-10), a l though these functions are generally less effective than those of intact normal animals. Such reconst i tuted nude mice (grafted with allogeneic thymus or thymic epithelial cells) accept skin grafts f rom the syngeneic and the donor strain, whereas those der ived from a third strain are vigorously rejected (4, 1 1). In the present experiments , at tempts were made to reconsti tute T cell functions o f nude mice by transplantation of thymic rudiments obtained f rom embryonic rats. T h e results show that these grafted mice gained T cel l -mediated immune function, and accepted skin grafts f rom the donor rat strain. These mice, however, developed severe multiple organ-local ized au to immune diseases showing features similar to the auto immuni ty observed in the mice after neonatal thymectomy, as repor ted previously (12-16).
Strong and Bitter Vegetables from Traditional Cultivars and Cropping Methods Improve the Health Status of Type 2 Diabetics: A Randomized Control Trial

Vegetables rich in bitter-tasting phytochemicals may exert enhanced beneficial effects against key factors associated with type two diabetes (T2D). This study investigates whether selected cultivars of bitter and strong-tasting (BST) Brassica and root vegetables exert greater health benefits on T2D patients compared to equivalent modern mild and sweet tasting (MST) vegetables. A 12-week randomized, controlled, parallel intervention study involved 92 T2D patients, who were allocated three different diets: (1) 500 g daily of bitter and strong-tasting (BST) vegetables; (2) 500 g daily of mild and sweet-tasting (MST) vegetables; (3) 120 g daily MST normal diet (control). Both vegetable diets contained root vegetables and cabbages selected based on sensory differences and content of phytochemicals. Prior to and after the study, all participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), 24 h blood pressure measurements, DEXA scans, and fasted blood samples. Both diets high in vegetables significantly reduced the participants’ BMI, total body fat mass, and HbA1c levels compared to control, but in the BST group, significant differences were also found regarding incremental area under the curve glucose 240 min (OGTT) and fasting glucose levels. A high daily intake of root vegetables and cabbages showed significant health improvements in both vegetable groups. BST vegetables had the greatest impact on insulin sensitivity, body fat mass, and blood pressure compared to control; moreover, they further improved glycemic control compared to MST vegetables.
Identification of miRNA Changes in Alzheimer's Disease Brain and CSF Yields Putative Biomarkers and Insights into Disease Pathways

MicroRNAs have essential functional roles in brain development and neuronal specification but their roles in neurode- generative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unknown. Using a sensitive qRT-PCR platform we identified regional and stage-specific deregulation of miRNA expression in AD patient brains. We used experimental validation in addition to literature to reveal how the deregulated brain microRNAs are biomarkers for known and novel pathways in AD pathogenesis related to amyloid processing, neurogenesis, insulin resistance, and innate immunity. We additionally recovered miRNAs from cerebrospinal fluid and discovered AD-specific miRNA changes consistent with their role as potential biomarkers of disease.
Evaluation of a comprehensive, integrated, medical service‐based pharmacy practice model

Prior to 2008, the pharmacy practice model utilized by the University of North Carolina (UNC) Medical Center was a traditional central pharmacist and clinical specialist model. The department of pharmacy implemented a unique and innovative pharmacy practice model in 2008 organized around medical services. Through this medical service‐based model, all patients are now covered by a pharmacist. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the sustainability of the improvements associated with the medical service‐based pharmacy practice model at UNC Medical Center, which included pharmacist turnover, employee satisfaction and workforce engagement, resident and student involvement in patient care, and inpatient drug costs.
Assessment of Elastolytic Actwity

H u m a n hookworm disease, a clinical condi t ion caused by Ancylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus infection, affects up to 630 mill ion people in the developing world (1). Using their buccal cavities and hooklike teeth, the adult parasites at tach themselves to villi in the small intestine. Each worm can then extract up to 0.20 ml of blood per day causing intestinal blood loss and ul t imately iron-deficiency anemia and h y p o a l b u m i n e m i a (2, 3). To date the biochemical mechanism by which hookworms prevent blood coagulat ion while feeding remains unexplained. Previous studies have shown that extracts of the dog hookworm Ancylostoma caninum can prolong p ro th rombin t ime (PT) 1 (4-6), with variable effects on partial thromboplas t in time (PTT) (4-6), and interfere with collagenor ADPinduced platelet aggregation, as well as inhibi t the action of factor Xa (6). The recent f inding of a proteolytic enzyme with ant ic lot t ing properties from the giant leech Haementeria ghilianii (7) led us to examine whether a similar proteolytic an t icoagulant exists in the Ancylostoma hookworms. Data presented here suggests that the Ancylostoma hookworms secrete a 36,000 dalton protease which both interferes with fibrin clot formation and promotes fibrin clot dissolution. This proteolytic enzyme could be critical for cont inuous exsanguinat ion from villous capillaries and therefore represents a potent ial target for immunological intervention.
A core outcome set for clinical trials in oropharyngeal cancer

The impact of randomized controlled trials is frequently diminished by disparate outcome reporting, precluding the comparison of results between trials or synthesis of data in meta-analyses. This is particularly problematic in lower incidence conditions such as oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), where the need to synthesise data from competing trials is greater. Minimum outcome reporting standards, known as Core Outcome Sets (COS) have been shown to increase the consistency of outcome reporting between trials of comparable interventions, thus facilitating the comparison or synthesis of trial data. The objective of the work in this thesis was to identify outcomes of importance to patients, carers and healthcare professionals and define a COS for OPSCC. The methods used comprised a systematic review of OPSCC RCTs to identify the outcomes reported and establish whether there was outcomes heterogeneity as suggested by other studies; semi-structured qualitative interviews with patients and carers to establish their outcomes of importance; a Delphi Study of patients, carers and healthcare professionals, to reach consensus on the outcomes that should be included in a COS for OPSCC. The systematic review described in chapter two identified significant heterogeneity in outcome reporting; 58 outcomes were reported in 43 RCTs, only three outcomes were measured in more than 50% of studies, and only 41% of outcomes were measured in more than one study. The qualitative study identified 136 outcomes. Survival and late adverse effects of treatment are of greatest priority to patients and carers. The Delphi study successfully reached consensus on eight outcomes for inclusion in the COS. There is substantial heterogeneity in the outcomes measured in contemporary RCTs in OPSCC. Yet, there is strong consensus between stakeholder groups in the outcomes of importance. Implementation of the COS will increase the consistency of outcome reporting thus facilitating the comparison of data from competing trials and synthesis of data in meta-analyses. Further consideration must be given to ways in which the uptake of COS can be maximised to have the highest impact. The COS is applicable to trials of interventions used in current clinical practice, however the advent of new treatment strategies may require that this is reviewed and adapted.
Assessment of the Performance of Iodine-Treated Biocidal Filters and Characterization of Virus Aerosols

Abstract : Enhanced awareness of the threat of biological warfare and the spread of airborne pathogens has stimulated interest in bioaerosols and the need to develop better methods for respiratory protection. Among pathogens, viruses and bacterial spores are of special concern because they exhibit resistance to inactivation, small (highly penetrating) particle size and low median infectious dose. This study compared the mechanical and total viable removal by a relatively inefficient (~N50) iodine-treated biocidal filter challenged with aerosols of Bacillus subtilis spores and MS2 bacteriophage as surrogates for human pathogenic biological agents. The fate of viral aerosols influenced by environmental conditions and the spray medium were investigated by assessing infectious and total MS2 penetrating as a function of particle size, by comparing data from bioassay and polymerase chain reaction. The iodine-treated electret filter has an viable removal efficiency for bacterial spores with a negligible pressure drop in various environmental conditions. Because of strong retention of bioparticles on the electret medium, inactivation of the collected spores is only slightly enhanced by the presence of the iodinated resin. In the viral aerosol experiment, the iodine-treated filter also showed high biocidal performance. Both and induced capture of iodine by viral aerosols traversing the filter and dissociation of free I(sub 2) are mechanisms consistent with the inactivation by I(sub2) observed under our experimental conditions, which included a 3-ppm background concentration of I(sub2) in the liquid impingers used for particle collection. Impinger studies using bovine serum albumin as a competitor for I(sub2) and of thiosulfate as an I(sub2) quench showed that the inactivation process is not immediate and that at least half of the iodine acting as a disinfectant was captured by bioaerosols as they penetrated the filter medium.
THE REQUIREMENT FOR MACROPHAGES IN CYTOTOXIC REACTIONS AGAINST CELL-BOuND AND SUBCELLULAR ALLOANTIGENS BY HERMANN WAGNER,$

The combined use of in vitro culture techniques together with efficient cell separation methods have revealed that macrophages are essential participants in the initiation of some antibody responses (1-4). The experimental design used was to obtain "purified" (macrophage-depleted) lymphocytes by a cell separation procedure and to demonstrate that these cells could not respond to a particular antigen unless macrophages were also present. Several mechanisms of macrophage function during the induction of the humoral immune response have been proposed. Since it was found that in vitro responses to particulate antigens, such as whole erythrocytes, required the participation of macorphages, whereas responses to smaller sized antigens, such as "soluble sheep red blood cell antigen" (3), or polymeric flagellin of Salmonella adelaide (POL) 1 did not, it was proposed that the role of macrophages may therefore be merely to reduce antigenic particles to a smaller and more immunogenic size. Experiments demonstrating that macrophage supernatants enhance responses to erythrocytes (5, 6) are consistent with this simple mechanism of macrophage function. Recently it was found that the immune response to thymus-dependent antigens, even those of small size, such as monomeric flagellin (MON), dinitrophenylated MON (DNP MON), or DNP fowl gamma globulin (DNP F~G), all required the presence of macrophages, whereas responses to the same antigenic determinants (DNP) on polymeric carriers (i.e. POL or DNP POL) which are thymus independent were also found to be
S1 SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION Water loss during dynamic recrystallization of Moine thrust quartzites, NW Scotland

The results and interpretations of this Geology paper are based on microstructural and IR absorption measurements of quartz grains in Cambrian quartzites collected from the footwall (Fig. S1) of the Moine thrust at the Stack of Glencoul, NW Scotland (Fig. 1). Supplemental information presented here includes the methods of microstructural and IR absorption measurements, tabulated results that appear in figures presented in the paper, and links to the archived digital data files.
Discovering Multimodal Behavior in Ms. Pac-Man Through Evolution of Modular Neural Networks

Ms. Pac-Man is a challenging video game in which multiple modes of behavior are required: Ms. Pac-Man must escape ghosts when they are threats and catch them when they are edible, in addition to eating all pills in each level. Past approaches to learning behavior in Ms. Pac-Man have treated the game as a single task to be learned using monolithic policy representations. In contrast, this paper uses a framework called Modular Multiobjective NEAT (MM-NEAT) to evolve modular neural networks. Each module defines a separate behavior. The modules are used at different times according to a policy that can be human-designed (i.e., multitask) or discovered automatically by evolution. The appropriate number of modules can be fixed or discovered using a genetic operator called module mutation. Several versions of module mutation are evaluated in this paper. Both fixed modular networks and Module Mutation networks outperform monolithic networks and multitask networks. Interestingly, the best networks dedicate modules to critical behaviors (such as escaping when surrounded after luring ghosts near a power pill) that do not follow the customary division of the game into chasing edible and escaping threat ghosts. The results demonstrate that MM-NEAT can discover interesting and effective behavior for agents in challenging games.
Eye Movements During Code Review

Programmers read through their source code for many reasons: comprehension, investigation, even curiosity. During code review, programmers read over other people’s code, a process vitally important to ensuring that poor quality code does not get committed into their product’s code repository. Code reviewing is a form of reading that consists of skimming the text to identify beacons (e
А New Method of Personalized Training of Logging Machine Operators

The paper presents a new method of personalized training for an operator. The method based on mathematical model of interaction between an operator and production equipment and offers an evaluation for a person's rate of making an operating decision. The key idea is to define typical acts of logging machine operator. The defined acts are presented in form of special test, which represents a simplest task. The training process is described through three main steps: watching, recalling and doing (WRD). In this case, the task result is time delay for motor and sensory layers as in real professional case. The model of interaction between operator and production equipment is represented in form of transfer functions. The transfer functions are a sequence of connected standard dynamical elements, which include a rate of information perception and decision making, and the means accuracy of controlling actions. The imitation model shows that during four seconds of the control action the beam moved by 1.281 m and a delay of the beam movement start after the control signal start for 0.578 sec. Therefore quality of operator's control is definitely determined by the following parameters: a time constant that means a response time of a neuromuscular system and human adaptive abilities and describes a rate of control action development; a ratio of human internal feedback and describes accuracy of the control action development, and an operator's response delay time.
Interplay between Fingering Instabilities and Initial Soil Moisture in Solute Transport through the Vadose Zone

Modeling water flow and solute transport in the vadose zone is essential to understanding the fate of soil pollutants and their travel times towards groundwater bodies. It also helps design better irrigation strategies to control solute concentrations and fluxes in semiarid and arid regions. Heterogeneity, soil texture and wetting front instabilities determine the flow patterns and solute transport mechanisms in dry soils. When water is already present in the soil, the flow of an infiltration pulse depends on the spatial distribution of soil water and on its mobility. We present numerical simulations of passive solute transport during unstable infiltration of water into sandy soils that are prone to wetting front instability. We study the impact of the initial soil state, in terms of spatial distribution of water content, on the infiltration of a solute-rich water pulse. We generate random fields of initial moisture content with spatial structure, through multigaussian fields with prescribed correlation lengths. We characterize the patterns of water flow and solute transport, as well as the mass fluxes through the soil column. Our results indicate a strong interplay between preferential flow and channeling due to fingering and the spatial distribution of soil water at the beginning of infiltration. Fingering and initial water saturation fields have a strong effect on solute diffusion and dilution into the ambient water during infiltration, suggesting an effective separation between mobile and inmobile transport domains that are controlled by the preferential flow paths due to fingering.