Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carcinoma and Venous Thrombosis: The Frequency of Association of Carcinoma in the Body or Tail of the Pancreas with Multiple Venous Thrombosis

Relationship Between Carcinoma and Thrombosis Text-books of medicine and of pathology often refer to the coincidence of a malignant tumor of epithelial origin and venous thrombosis. One of the earliest observers to stress this relationship was Trousseau (1) in 1865. He was especially interested in the frequency with which thrombosis of one or more peripheral veins was the first indication of the presence of a malignant tumor. Since his series of patients included those with tumors arising in the stomach, uterus, and testis, he concluded that the tendency to thrombosis was a characteristic of carcinoma in general and not dependent upon its origin in any particular organ. Recently Thomson (2) quoted extensively from Trousseau9s original article and added a description of three cases in which the presenting disability was thrombosis of the veins of the leg. Examination after death showed a carcinoma arising in the tail of the pancreas in one of the patients, and of uncertain origin in another. A tumor of the stomach wall was demonstrated by x-ray studies in the third. Again emphasis was placed on the absence of any sign of internal disorder when the venous thrombosis was first apparent. In citing somewhat similar cases, James and Matheson (3) regarded thrombosis as an incident of the advanced stages of a variety of debilitating diseases such as chronic infections, anemias, and malignant tumors. They describe two cases of carcinoma of the stomach in which there was occlusion of the basilic and saphenous veins respectively and a carcinoma of the lung associated with multiple thrombosis of internal and peripheral veins.
Miniaturized High‐Throughput Fluorescent Assay for Conversion of NAD(P)H to NAD(P)

This unit describes a miniaturized fluorescence assay that monitors the conversion of NADPH to NADP+. The same assay format may also be used to measure NADH to NAD+ conversion. Examples of assay development and validation results are presented to illustrate the use of this protocol to screen an enzyme that consumes NADPH as a cofactor during conversion of substrate to a reduced product. Enzymatic assays are carried out in low‐volume 384‐well plates, in which the turnover of NADPH is monitored by the decrease in fluorescence emission at 460 nm between an initial measurement and a second reading after 90 min. A follow‐up assay is used to rule out false‐positive artifacts arising from compounds that fluoresce at 460 nm. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 3:81‐97 © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Improving Scanning Electron Microscope Resolution for Near Planar Samples Through the Use of Image Restoration

Abstract A method is presented for determining the point spread function (PSF) of an electron beam in a scanning electron microscope for the examination of near planar samples. Once measured, PSFs can be used with two or more low-resolution images of a selected area to create a high-resolution reconstructed image of that area. As an example, a 4× improvement in resolution for images is demonstrated for a fine gold particle sample. Since thermionic source instruments have high beam currents associated with large probe sizes, use of this approach implies that high-resolution images can be produced rapidly if the probe diameter is less of a limiting factor. Additionally, very accurate determination of the PSFs can lead to a better understanding of instrument performance as exemplified by very accurate measurement of the beam shape and therefore the degree of astigmatism.
Link Availability Prediction for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks

One critical issue for routing in cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs) is how to select a reliable path for forwarding traffic. This is because mobility may cause radio links to break frequently. The reliability of a path depends on the availability of those links that constitutes the path. In this letter, we present a novel approach to predict the probability of the availability of the link between two cognitive radio nodes. The prediction is achieved by estimating the link activation and spectrum activation probabilities. Our prediction is verified by simulation and proved to be accurate. This study can provide reliability assurance on dynamic routing for cognitive radio ad hoc networks.
Neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor hippocampal overexpression via viral vectors is associated with modest anxiolytic‐like and proconvulsant effects in mice

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) exerts anxiolytic‐ and antidepressant‐like effects in rodents that appear to be mediated via Y1 receptors. Gene therapy using recombinant viral vectors to induce overexpression of NPY in the hippocampus or amygdala has previously been shown to confer anxiolytic‐like effect in rodents. The present study explored an alternative and more specific approach: overexpression of Y1 receptors. Using a recombinant adeno‐associated viral vector (rAAV) encoding the Y1 gene (rAAV‐Y1), we, for the first time, induced overexpression of functional transgene Y1 receptors in the hippocampus of adult mice and tested the animals in anxiety‐ and depression‐like behavior. Hippocampal Y1 receptors have been suggested to mediate seizure‐promoting effect, so the effects of rAAV‐induced Y1 receptor overexpression were also tested in kainate‐induced seizures. Y1 receptor transgene overexpression was found to be associated with modest anxiolytic‐like effect in the open field and elevated plus maze tests, but no effect was seen on depression‐like behavior using the tail suspension and forced swim tests. However, the rAAV‐Y1 vector modestly aggravated kainate‐induced seizures. These data indicate that rAAV‐induced overexpression of Y1 receptors in the hippocampus could confer anxiolytic‐like effect accompanied by a moderate proconvulsant adverse effect. Further studies are clearly needed to determine whether Y1 gene therapy might have a future role in the treatment of anxiety disorders. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Progressive restriction in the distribution of the Hox‐1.3 homeodomain protein during embryogenesis

Expression of the murine homeobox containing gene Hox‐1.3 was analyzed in mouse embryos using polyclonal antisera to peptides predicted from cDNA and genomic sequences. At the earliest stage examined, 7.5 days gestation, cell nuclei throughout the three embryonic germ layers and in extraembryonic structures derived from the fertilized ovum were strongly immunoreactive. Rostro‐caudal gradients or other patterns of regional differentiation in levels of expression could not be seen. Surrounding maternal tissue showed only weak immunoreactivity. At 8.5 days gestation, immunoreactivity was present in all embryonic structures including neural tube, somites and lateral plate mesoderm, ectoderm and endoderm. Immunoreactivity was progressively restricted thereafter. At 17 days gestation, strong immunoreactivity was largely restricted to the nervous system, both central and peripheral. Spinal cord was well stained, with a dramatic reduction in intensity near the junction of spinal cord and brain. In addition to this overall pattern, enhanced immunoreactivity appeared in limited populations of newly‐formed neuroblasts of spinal cord and brain, suggesting that Hox‐1.3 might serve to regulate the development of specific types of neurons following cessation of precursor cell mitosis.
Role of fine‐needle aspiration cytology and needle‐core biopsy in the diagnosis of lobular carcinoma of the breast

Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) plays a key role in the preoperative diagnosis of carcinoma of the breast but is less reliable in the diagnosis of infiltrating lobular carcinoma. The method of diagnosis was reviewed in 56 patients with lobular carcinoma who had attended screening and symptomatic clinics. In 29 patients FNAC results demonstrated malignant cells; 15 of these had palpable disease and the mean tumour size was 21 mm. In 27 patients FNAC failed to demonstrate malignant cells; 13 lesions were palpable and the mean tumour size was 23 mm. Ten patients were diagnosed by needle‐core biopsy when FNAC was not diagnostic. FNAC may fail to diagnose even large lobular carcinoma and needle‐core biopsy is strongly recommended in this situation.
DNA Amplification and Rearrangements in Archival Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium LT2 Cultures

ABSTRACT Variations in genome size and gene order were observed in archival Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium cultures stored for over 40 years. In one strain, microarray analysis revealed a large, stable amplification. PCR analysis of the same strain revealed a genomic duplication that underwent a translocation. Other strains had smaller duplications and deletions. These results demonstrate that storage in stabs over time at room temperature not only allows for further bacterial growth but also may produce an environment that selects for a variety of mutations, including genomic rearrangements.
Interrelationships of Adult Attachment Orientations, Health Status and Worrying among Fibromyalgia Patients

This study examined associations between adult attachment dimensions, perceived health status and worrying (coping strategy with chronic pain), and explored whether worrying mediated observed relationships between attachment dimensions and health outcomes within a sample of 128 Portuguese female fibromyalgia patients. Physical health status was inversely correlated with dependence and worrying; mental health status was positively correlated with trust, and inversely related to attachment-related ambivalence, dependence and worrying. Finally, worrying mediated relationships between dependence and both physical and mental health status; moreover, worrying partially mediated the relationship between ambivalence and mental health status. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Steady, two-dimensional Brownian motion with an absorbing boundary.

We consider the solution of the Fokker–Planck equation for the case of steady, one‐dimensional flow with prescribed flux at the outer boundary and complete absorption at the inner boundary. An approximate solution is obtained using a modified version of the bimodal Maxwellian moment method due to Lees, which has been used previously with success in treating boundary layer problems in the context of the Boltzmann equation. We obtain explicit results for the density in the physical space which is characterized by a boundary layer of order (inverse velocity relaxation time/thermal velocity)−1 and a Milne extrapolation length (distance beyond the boundary at which the extrapolated asymptotic value of the density is zero) of 1.44 in appropriately normalized units. This latter value compares surprisingly well with recent analytical–numerical results which find a value of 1.46 for this quantity.
Blood flow assessment from optical flow in cineangiography

We present an optical flow method to infer the blood flow in arteries by tracking the contrast medium in angiography. In our approach, the velocity field is constrained to be parabolic to take into account this particular property of laminar blood flows. With this method, we get several parameters, both hemodynamic and geometric: the artery radius, the maximum velocity, the blood flow, the centerline position of the artery and other related ones. Tests of the algorithm were conducted on simulated cineangiographic images of straight and stenotic vessels and show errors in the order of 1% for straight vessels up to 10% in short stenosis. Preliminary results with femoral arteries are also very encouraging.
Rain Sensor with Stacked Light Waveguide Having Tilted Air Gap

Vehicle sensor to detect rain drop on and above waveguide utilizing light deflection and scattering was realized, keeping wide sensing coverage and sensitivity to detect mist accumulation. Proposed sensor structure under stacked light wave guide consisted of light blocking fixture surrounding photodetector and adjacent light source. Tilted air gap between stacked light waveguide and light blocking fixture played major role to increase sensitivity and to enhance linearity. This sensor structure eliminated complex collimating optics, while keeping wide sensing coverage using simple geometry. Detection algorithm based on time-to-intensity transformation process was used to convert raining intensity into countable raining process. Experimental result inside simulated rain chamber showed distinct different response between light rain and normal rain. Application as automobile rain sensor is expected.
Feature-based multiexposure image-sequence fusion with guided filter and image alignment

Abstract. Multiexposure fusion images have a higher dynamic range and reveal more details than a single captured image of a real-world scene. A clear and intuitive feature-based fusion technique for multiexposure image sequences is conceptually proposed. The main idea of the proposed method is to combine three image features [phase congruency (PC), local contrast, and color saturation] to obtain weight maps of the images. Then, the weight maps are further refined using a guided filter which can improve their accuracy. The final fusion result is constructed using the weighted sum of the source image sequence. In addition, for multiexposure image-sequence fusion involving dynamic scenes containing moving objects, ghost artifacts can easily occur if fusion is directly performed. Therefore, an image-alignment method is first used to adjust the input images to correspond to a reference image, after which fusion is performed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has a superior performance compared to the existing methods.
Delayed‐onset muscle soreness does not reflect the magnitude of eccentric exercise‐induced muscle damage

This study investigated the relationship between delayed‐onset muscle soreness and other indicators of muscle damage following eccentric exercise. Male students (n = 110) performed 12 (12ECC), 24 (24ECC), or 60 maximal eccentric actions of the elbow flexors (60ECC). Maximal isometric force, relaxed and flexed elbow joint angles, upper arm circumference, and plasma creatine kinase activity were assessed immediately before and after, and for 4 days after exercise. Muscle soreness (SOR) was evaluated by a visual analog scale (a 50‐mm line, 0: no pain, 50: extremely painful) when the elbow flexors were palpated (SOR–Pal), flexed (SOR–Flx) and stretched (SOR–Ext). Although 24ECC and 60ECC resulted in significantly (P <; 0.05) larger changes in all indicators and slower recovery compared to 12ECC, no significant differences were evident for SOR–Pal and SOR–Flx between 12ECC and 24ECC, or 12ECC and 60ECC. In contrast, SOR–Ext was significantly (P <; 0.05) lower for 12ECC compared to 24ECC and 60ECC. A Pearson product‐moment correlation showed SOR–Pal did not correlate significantly with any indicators, however, SOR–Ext and SOR–Flx showed weak (r <; 0.32) but significant (P <; 0.05) correlations with other indicators. Because of generally poor correlations between DOMS and other indicators, we conclude that use of DOMS is a poor reflector of eccentric exercise‐induced muscle damage and inflammation, and changes in indirect markers of muscle damage and inflammation are not necessarily accompanied with DOMS.
Multiple Mechanisms Regulate Circadian Expression of the Gene for Cholesterol 7α-Hydroxylase (Cyp7a), a Key Enzyme in Hepatic Bile Acid Biosynthesis

Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A) and sterol 12α-hydroxylase (CYP8B) in bile acid biosynthesis and 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) in cholesterol biosynthesis are the key enzymes in hepatic metabolic pathways, and their transcripts exhibit circadian expression profiles in rodent liver. The authors determined transcript levels of these enzymes and the regulatory factors for Cyp7a—including Dbp, Dec2, E4bp4, Hnf4α, Pparα, Lxrα, Rev-erbα, and Rev-erbβ—in the liver of wild-type and homozygous Clock mutant mice (Clock/Clock) and examined the effects of these transcription factors on the transcription activities of Cyp7a. The expression profile of the Cyp7a transcript in wild-type mice showed a strong circadian rhythm in both the 12L:12D light-dark cycle and constant darkness, and that in Clock/Clock also exhibited a circadian rhythm at an enhanced level with a lower amplitude, although its protein level became arrhythmic at a high level. The expression profile of Cyp8b mRNA in wild-type mice showed a shifted circadian rhythm from that of Cyp7a, becoming arrhythmic in Clock/Clock at an expression level comparable to that of wild-type mice. The expression profile of Hmgcr mRNA also lost its strong circadian rhythm in Clock/Clock , showing an expression level comparable to that of wild-type mice. The expressions of Dbp, Dec2, Rev-erbα, and Rev-erb β—potent regulators for Cyp7a expression—were abolished or became arrhythmic in Clock/Clock, while other regulators for Cyp7a—Lxrα, Hnf4α, Pparα, and E4bp4—had either less affected or enhanced expression in Clock/Clock. In luciferase reporter assays, REV-ERBα/β, DBP, LXRα, and HNF4α increased the promoter activity of Cyp7a, whereas DEC2 abolished the transcription from the Cyp7a promoter: E4BP4 and PPARα were moderate negative regulators. Furthermore, knockdown of REV-ERBα/β with siRNA suppressed Cyp7a transcript levels, and in the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, REV-ERBα/β bound to the promoter of Cyp7a . These observations suggest that (1) active CLOCK is essential for the robust circadian expression of hepatic metabolic enzymes (Cyp7a, Cyp8b, and Hmgcr); (2) clock-controlled genes—DBP, DEC2, and REV-ERBα/β—are direct regulators required for the robust circadian rhythm of Cyp7a; and (3) the circadian rhythm of Cyp7a is regulated by multiple transcription factors, including DBP, REV-ERBα/β, LXRα, HNF4α DEC2, E4BP4, and PPARα.
Transvaginal Ultrasonography of the Endometrium in Postmenopausal Japanese Women

Aims: To determine the cut-off level of endometrial thickness for detecting endometrial disease on a large scale of screening and to examine the usefulness of transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) for endometrial disease screening in asymptomatic postmenopausal Japanese women. Methods: The study involved 1,400 postmenopausal women in whom endometrial thickness was measured with TVS, and then compared with the histopathological diagnosis of endometrial specimens. Results: The prevalence of endometrial disease in asymptomatic and symptomatic cases was 2.3 and 21%. In symptomatic cases, at a cut-off limit of 3 mm for endometrial thickness, the sensitivity for detecting endometrial disease was 94%, specificity 70% and positive predictive value 46%. With an endometrial thickness ≤3 mm, the probability that endometrial disease would be overlooked was 0.025. In asymptomatic cases, the corresponding figures at a cut-off limit of 3 mm were 90, 84, 12% and 0.003. Conclusions: TVS does not appear to be an effective screening method in asymptomatic postmenopausal Japanese women because of the low prevalence of endometrial disease in this population. We recommend a normal cut-off level for endometrial thickness of 4 mm in symptomatic postmenopausal Japanese women.
Size Dependent Influence of the PAD and Gate Parasitic Elements to the Microwave and Noise Performance of the 0.35 μm n and p Type MOSFETS

Noise and s-parameters of the p and n type MOSFETs were measured and simulated for the different bias points. The pad parasitic models of the "short" and "open" were extracted by means of comparison of measured and simulated sparameters. The influence of the pad elements on the microwave noise was analyzed. The simulation of intrinsic device noise was performed on the basis of good fit of measured and simulated noise and s-parameters of the DUT. For the narrow gate (50μm) width devices the pad parasitics significantly affect microwave noise performance for both p and n type devices. At the lower drain currents the kinks and loops in the s-parameters were observed. At low drain current a resonant peak in NFmin and Rn around 8 GHz was found. Those resonant effects observed in noise and s-parameters diminish with the increase of the drain current and were qualitatively accounted for by the simulations by using equivalent circuit with the parasitic inductive element coupled to the gate.
The likely impact of demographic changes on the incidence and prevalence of neurological disease: demography in the United Kingdom

The population of the United Kingdom, estimated to be 58.2 million in 1993, has been predicted to peak at 62.2 million by 2031,1 although recent projections have reduced that figure by at least a million.2 The recent reorganisation of The Health Service has emphasised the desirability of managing patients in the community and on an outpatient basis rather than in hospital. In England, for all specialties, the daily average number of available beds in 1983 was 343 000 compared with 220 000 in 1993-4.3 Over the same period, new outpatient attendance rose from 8 311 000 to 9 685 000. The falling number of beds has been offset by a substantial increase in throughput. In 1991-2 finished consultant episodes (defined as ordinary admissions combined with day cases) for diseases of the nervous system and sense organs (International Classification of Diseases-9th revision (ICD-9) codes 32-389) was 496 000, rising to 530 000 in 1993-4. This substantial increase in workload has been matched by increasing medical staffing levels. In England, all hospital neurological staff rose from 352 in 1983 to 446 in 1993, the consultant number rising, in the same period, from 146 to 186. The reverse process however, has occurred with nursing staff. Over the same period (1983 to 1993) their numbers fell from 374 851 to 344 503.3 By mid-1995, there were 250 consultant neurologists in England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, amounting to one neurologist per 233 600 of the population.4 The diseases encountered in neurological outpatient practice have been analysed both in surveys undertaken by individual neurologists,5 6 and in those conducted among a cohort of neurologists.7 8 In the survey undertaken by the association of British Neurologists,8 16 conditions were found to constitute 74% of the outpatient’s workload (table). …
High‐dose cyclophosphamide results in long‐term disease remission with restoration of a normal quality of life in patients with severe refractory chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

Abstract We previously reported the improvement of clinical parameters in severe, refractory chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) following high‐dose cyclophosphamide therapy. Here, we examine effects of this therapy on quality of life, report long‐term clinical follow‐up, and include new data on a fifth patient. Patients completed The Medical Outcomes Short Form 36 to assess quality of life impact. Pretherapy and post‐therapy scores were compared with the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. Patient's post‐therapy scores were compared with the normal United States population. Functional status was assessed with the Modified Rankin score. Strength was assessed using a summated MRC strength. Nerve conduction studies were conducted using standard techniques with supramaximal stimulation. The median follow‐up for the five patients is 2.9 (range: 1.6–4.8) years. The first four patients remain off all immunomodulatory medications. In six of the eight quality of life scales measured, patients enjoyed clinically significant improvement. Their overall strength increased by a median change of 10 (range: −1 to 20); their overall Modified Rankin score increased by a median of 3 (range: 0–4), and their summated compound motor action potential amplitudes increased by a mean of 3.69 mV (range: 0.156–7.83). Patient 5 has had stabilization of motor strength. High‐dose cyclophosphamide can markedly improve functionality and quality of life for patients with severe refractory CIDP.