Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Precoding Algorithms and Pilot Contamination Problem for Massive MIMO System

Massive MIMO system has been designed to enhance the capacity, data rate, spectral efficiency and maximal energy efficiency as well as system sensitivity towards propagation environment which meets demand of future wireless communication. Using an asymptotic argument of random matrix theory, linear signal processing can be used to achieve the optimal performance of the massive MIMO. So what are the optimal numbers of antennas, actives users, and power transmitted in system? Is the one fundamental question needed to be answered? In this work we described the effect of these parameters using Ergodic achievable rate and energy efficiency by applying linear signal processing; particularly we have used zero-forcing (ZF), and maximum ratio combining or maximum transmission (MRC/MRT) algorithms. We also used minimum mean square error (MMSE) to estimate the CSI. In the context the major problem that encounters the implementation of massive MIMO multi-cell time division duplexing (TDD) network system is called pilot contamination due to limitations of coherence time. In this paper, massive MIMO along with linear precoding algorithms and pilot contamination are described and also included source and possible solutions of this problem and we found that, contrary to MRC/MRT algorithms, ZF can be used to get an optimal performance of massive when the K is equal to or less than BS antennas.
Flexible and Scalable Systems for Network Management

Our daily lives are heavily reliant upon Internet-connected devices, services, and applications. This reliance makes it more critical than ever that the underlying networks they depend on be reliable, performant, and secure. At the same time, the increasing complexity and diversity of today’s devices, services, and applications have made network management tasks more complicated than ever. Modern network management mandates that operators can systematically monitor what is going on in their networks (network monitoring) and use this information to take real-time preventive or corrective actions (network control). Achieving these goals while also adhering to the limited compute and storage resources available on modern network devices poses significant challenges. The contribution of this dissertation is the design and implementation of two systems that enable flexible and scalable network monitoring and control. The networkmonitoring system, Sonata, collects and analyzes network traffic to infer various network events in real time. The network-control system, SDX, enables fine-grained reactive control actions for interdomain traffic without disrupting the existing routing protocols. For each of these two systems, the dissertation focuses on (i) the abstractions that allow network operators to express flexible programs for both network monitoring and control; (ii) the algorithms that make the best use of limited compute and storage resources; and (iii) the systems that combine the high-level abstractions and the low-level algorithms and can be deployed in production settings. The lessons learned from this dissertation can help us design next-generation network-management systems. More concretely, unlike existing systems that rely solely on a single device-type, this dissertation shows that designing systems that can pool resources from a heterogeneous set of devices (targets) is critical for building flexible and scalable network-management systems. It also demonstrates that as the networking technologies and protocols evolve rapidly with time, it is imperative to iii design modular systems that can swiftly catch up with these changes. Finally, this research also illustrates that it is crucial to select strategic locations (e.g., Internet exchange points) for deployment to drive innovations in Internet-wide traffic monitoring and control.
Economics of Renewable Hydrogen

Hydrogen could substantially reduce carbon emissions in the world economy, but widespread adoption has so far been withheld by high cost and emissions associated to its production process. Here I show that both limitations are about to vanish as cost declines of renewable energy and advancements in Power-to-Gas technology create new opportunities for the economic production of hydrogen from electricity.
Certain Investigation of Identify the New Rules and Accuracy Using SVM Algorithm

: Nowadays, technology-supported learning systems (TSLSs), such as intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs), adaptive hypermedia systems (AHSs) and, especially, learning management systems(LMSs) such as Moodle or Blackboard, are being widely used in many academic institutions and becoming essential for education. The Domain Module is considered the core of any TSLSs as it represents the knowledge about a subject matter to be communicated to the learner. In the existing system, proposed a DOM-Sortze it is a system that uses (NLP) natural language processing techniques, heuristic reasoning andontology is the semiautomatic construction of the domain module initial electronic textbooks. But in this system, still lack in the identification of pedagogical relationships. This is needed to improve in this system. In other words, DOM-Sortze system is not able to including the new rules of the pedagogical relationships. To overcome this issue, we are using learning techniques to learn the new rules in the pedagogical relationships. In our proposed system, we are proposing the SVM (support vector machine) learning approach intended for learning process. Our machine learning methods are used to infer new rules in order to improve the identification of pedagogical relationships or the DRs in the electronic textbooks.
A Virtual Receiver Concept for Continuous GNSS based Navigation of Inland Vessels

Efficient and economic guidance of inland vessels relies on a continuous, available, reliable and precise GNSS navigation solution. Hence, below other side effects, this is especially critical when passing beneath bridges or similar infrastructures that cross waterways. They have two effects: distortion (reflection, diffraction and interruption) of the incoming GNSS signal by the individual bridge structure on the one hand and along with that, the affected ambiguity resolution for carrier phase observation on the other hand. Thus, disturbances, discontinuities and jumps in the position estimates are present an extreme critical situation especially for safety-relevant applications. A multi-antenna system for marine applications combined with the concept of a virtual receiver will be presented. This approach strengthen the overall geometry of visible GNSS satellites immediately, and provides continuous position estimates even for challenging passages. Furthermore, a bridging of observations between two or more antennas on a known rigid platform reduces signal interruptions and provides continuous navigation solution under challenging or even critical environmental conditions. Laboratory experiments, driven on a 2,5 hour turn from Hannover on the Mittelland Canal on the inland vessel MS Jenny (MS Science) prove, that various DOP values as well as noise of the position solution are reduced significantly. The observation noise is reduced by up to 0.3–0.4 m whereby the position solution for a code based navigation reaches up to 94.5% w.r. t. classical single point positioning. The overall positioning performance is improved by up to 80%.
Programmable Multistable Mechanisms: Design, modeling, characterization and applications

Multistable Mechanisms are mechanical devices having more than one stable state. Since these mechanisms can maintain different deformations with zero force, they are advantageous for low power environments such as wristwatches and medical devices. In this thesis, I introduce programmable multistable mechanisms (PMMs), a new family of multistable mechanisms where the number, position, and stiffness of stable states can be controlled by programming inputs modifying the boundary conditions. PMMs can be synthesized by combining bistable mechanisms. This method was used to produce the Tmechanism, a PMM consisting of two double parallelogram mechanisms (DPMs) connected orthogonally where each DPM consists of two parallel beams connected centrally by a rigid block and axially loaded by programming input. An analytical model based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory was derived to describe qualitatively the stability behavior of the T-mechanism. The model approximates the mechanism’s stiffness by a sixth order polynomial from which the reaction force and strain energy expressions can be estimated. These explicit formulas provide analytical expressions for the number, position, and stiffness of stable and unstable states as functions of the programming inputs. The qualitative stability behavior was represented by the programming diagram, bifurcation diagrams and stiffness maps relating the number, position and stiffness of stable states with the programming inputs. In addition, I showed that PMMs have zero stiffness regions functioning as constant-force multistable mechanisms. Numerical simulations validated these results. Experimental measurements were conducted on the T-mechanism prototype manufactured using electro-discharge machining. An experimental setup was built to measure the reaction force of the mechanism for different programming inputs. I verified the possible configurations of the T-mechanism including monostability bistability, tristability, quadrastability, constant force monostability, constant force bistability, zero force monostability, zero force bistability, and zero force tristability, validating my analytical and numerical models. Compared to classical multistable mechanisms which are displaced between their stable states by imposing a direct displacement, PMMs can be displaced by modifying mechanism strain energy. This property increases the repeatability of the mechanism as the released energy is independent of the driving parameters, which can be advantageous for mechanical watches and medical devices. Accurate timekeepers require oscillators having repeatable period independent of their energy source. However, the balance wheel spiral spring oscillator used in all mechanical watches,
Wine and Its Legality-A Survey to Know the Consumer Opinions on the Activities of Sicilian Wine Companies Operating on Lands Confiscated from the Mafia

: The current guidelines of the European Union Common Agricultural Policy face the agricultural sector in the position of the backbone for the economic development of rural areas and regions with difficult economic differentiation. The EU Common Agricultural Policy defines agriculture as “multifunctional” and among the different roles and functions expected, there is also the “social function”, defined as the ability that the farm has to generate services with respect to a population with risk of social exclusion. This paper investigated all the agricultural initiatives with social impacts that were carried in the lands confiscated from the organized crime (called mafia), mainly in the South of Italy and especially in Sicily. Through an Italian law, these lands could be used with social purposes by a particular kind of associations which might exercise an agricultural activity with the aim to produce food products, sell them in the market and offer employment opportunities in the agricultural sector. In particular, in Sicily, the activity of the “Social Cooperative Placido Rizzotto-Libera Terra” and its winery “Cantina Centopassi” which received honors and awards for its production of wine obtained from the earliest harvests and for its social work in that territory were well known. This work, which was part of a much broader study on “wine and legality”, aimed to know the opinion of Sicilian wine consumers and their knowledge about this topic with particular reference to the Cantina Centopassi.
Physical layer simulator of the deep space to ground high photon efficiency optical wireless communications link

This paper focuses on the implementation of the physical layer simulator for the deep space to ground high photon efficiency optical wireless communications link designed by NASA. The link employs the serially concatenated pulse position modulation (SCPPM) transmitted over a cloud free atmospheric and turbulent atmospheric link. The decoder is an iterative process based on the BCJR algorithm to achieve the optimum bit error rate (BER) performance. The results show that for the higher orders of SCPPM a lower signal to noise ratio is required to achieve the same BER as the lower orders. The effects of atmospheric turbulence on the link performance is also demonstrated as well as the combative technique of channel interleaving of the data.
DFT and TD-DFT Study on the Structural, Optoelectronic and Photovoltaic Properties of Chemically Modified Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Oligomers for Organic Solar Cells

In this paper, a novel theoretical tool for some new low-band-gap copolymers has been developed on the basis of density functional theory (DFT) quantum chemical calculations to model their optoelectronic properties. We have designed a series of novel double organic D-π-A (electron donor-π-conjugated-acceptor) dyes employed in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These copolymers are constituted of (Carbazole-Methylthiophene), benzothiadiazole and thiophene [(Cbz-Mth)-B-T] units essentially as well as their derivatives leading to donor (D)-acceptor (A) structure-types. The cyanoacrylic acid (A) anchoring group leads to more red shift of absorption bands. The optimized structures and optoelectronic properties of these dyes were investigated by using the Density Functional Theory DFT/B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) method and Time Dependant Density Functional Theory (TD/DFT) calculations. Firstly, we studied the insertion of thiophene as spacer unit into [(Cbz-Mth)-B]2-A backbone to reach (Carbazole-Methylthiophene), benzothiadiazole-thiophene-cyanoacrylic acid [(Cbz-Mth)-B-T]2-A copolymer, secondly, thiophene usual unit was replaced by bithiophene and three-thiophene respectively, entity to obtain (Carbazole-Methylthiophene), benzothiadiazole-dithiophene-cyanoacrylic acid [(Cbz-Mth)-B-DT]2-A and (Carbazole-Methylthiophene), benzothiadiazole-Three-Thiophene-cyanoacrylic acid [(Cbz-Mth)-B-TT]2-A copolymers. Later, we examined the insertion effect of bridging by C=C (CN)2 groups on the energy gaps and the electronic properties of the study copolymer [(Cbz-Mth)-B-T-C=C (CN)2-T]2-A, and finally, ethynyl spacer was added to obtain a novel oligomer model, denoted (Carbazole-Methylthiophene)–ethynyl- benzothiadiazole-dithiophene- C=C(CN)2 groups-cyanoacrylic acid [(Cbz-Mth)-E-B-T-C=C(CN)2-T]2-A and to investigate their bridging effect into the main backbone on various properties by examining structural and electronic properties. The calculated geometries indicate that these dyes are all coplanar. In order to predict the band gaps for guiding the synthesis of novel materials with low band gaps, we applied quantum-chemical techniques to calculate the band gaps in several oligomers. The analysis of microelectronic and photonic structure in one dimension program (AMPS-1D) program has been successfully used to study the compounds organic solar cells. The calculated results of these dyes demonstrate that these compounds are then blended with [6,6]-phenyl-C61- butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in bulk-heterojunction solar cell.
Automatic Invalidation in Application-Level Caching Systems

Caching is a common method for improving the performance of modern web applications. Due to the varying architecture of web applications, and the lack of a standardized approach to cache management, ad-hoc solutions are common. These solutions tend to be hard to maintain as a code base grows, and are a common source of bugs. In this thesis we present Cachematic, a general purpose application-level caching system with an automatic cache management strategy. Cachematic provides a simple programming model, allowing developers to explicitly denote a function cacheable. The result of a cacheable function will transparently be cached without the developer having to worry about cache management. The core component of the system is a dependency graph containing relations between database entries and cached content. The dependency graph is constructed by having the system listen to queries executed in a database. When a select query is detected within the scope of a cacheable function, the query is parsed and used to derive the dependency graph. When inserts, updates and deletes are detected, the dependency graph is utilized to determine which cached entries are affected by the modification. To evaluate Cachematic, a reference implementation was developed in the python programming language. Our experiments showed that the deployment of Cachematic decreased response time for read requests, compared to a manual cache management strategy. We also found that, compared to the manual strategy, the cache hit rate was increased with a factor of around 1.64x. On the contrary, a significant increase in response time for write requests was observed from the experiments.
READING ANCIENT TEXTS MORE COMPREHENSIVELY: ASSESSING A NEW METHODOLOGY

This paper attempts to deal with the problem which faces New Testament scholars in the process of reading and interpreting ancient texts. The point is made that the myriad of methodologies available today makes it very difficult for modern scholars to come to grips with a comprehensive understanding of a text, because the large number of methods available each in its own way is aimed at exploring its own particular aspect relating to the text. A more comprehensive approach, in which account is taken of a fair number of aspects which could lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the text has so far been lacking. This article introduces and examines the newly developed comprehensive approach to ancient texts of Vernon Robbins, which he calls socio-rhetorical criticism, and which could hold possibilities for reading and understanding texts from antiquity more comprehensively.
Inferring Latent Social Networks from Stock Holdings

We infer the latent social networks of investors using data on their stock holdings. We map linkages to portfolio weights using a portfolio-choice model. The precision of an investor’s private signal about firm value is assumed to increase with his connections in the city where the firm is headquartered. Using money-manager data, we find that managerial linkages to a city are overly dispersed relative to the Erdos–Renyi model of i.i. d. connections. Managers at the tail of this distribution with non-i.i. d. linkages have more university alumni in that city. Their stock holdings there outperform their holdings in other cities.
Excavating among the megaliths: recent research at the ‘Plain of Jars’ site 1 in Laos

Abstract The date and significance of the megalithic jar sites of central Laos are comparatively poorly understood features of the Southeast Asian archaeological landscape. First explored systematically in the 1930s, only limited research on these sites has been undertaken since. This article presents the recent excavations at Ban Ang—or site 1—a megalithic jar site of nearly 400 jars, located in Xieng Khouang Province. The results confirm the findings of earlier research, but additionally reveal a range of mortuary practices, high rates of infant and child mortality, and new evidence dating these interments to the ninth to thirteenth centuries AD.
The post-anaesthetic care unit of Mount Sinai Hospital : process improvement challenges and opportunities

Motive The Post-Anaesthetic Care Unit (PACU) of Mount Sinai Hospital struggles with a long length of stay of patients in the PACU. A possible explanation is that it is not clear to the staff members when a patient is ready to go to the Inpatient Unit. This results in many uncertainties from the time the nurse records the time ready to the moment the bay is clean and ready to receive a new patient. The focus of this research is the time the inpatients wait to be transferred to the IP-unit (time nurse records time ready to the moment the patient leaves the PACU), since this time shows many inefficiencies and gives room for improvement. Objective and approach The objective of this research is to review the PACU processes and give suggestions to decrease the length of stay of patients in the PACU resulting in an improved patient experience without having a negative impact on costs. To accomplish the goal of this research, the research is divided into the following parts. First we use a general system approach to analyse the main components of the PACU: the input and output (patient flows), resources, and processes. With seven shadow days, and four preliminary shadow days, this research measures the duration of these processes and identifies the inefficiencies in the process using lean philosophy and workflow improvement tools. After this analysis, this research combines the literature and analysis to propose practical interventions to reduce the length of stay of patients in the PACU. Analysis This research provides an extensive systematic analysis and starts with uncovering the black box of the PACU by analysing the patient flow and supporting resources of the processes in the department. After the description of this environment, we describe the performance of the current processes in terms of the length of stay, and we identify inefficiencies by doing various measurements. The inflow and outflow shows a relatively stable daily and weekly pattern and gives input to adapt the daily and weekly schedule to the numbers of patients in the PACU. Currently, the PACU uses a static daily and weekly schedule for nurses, porters and housekeepers which is not adapted to the fluctuations in demand. The length of stay of patients in the PACU (2.75 hours for same day admits and inpatients) is strongly related to the number of patients in the PACU of every hour of the day and every day of the week. The process of transferring the patient to the nursing units is identified as the main cause of this relationship, since at busy times the impact of this process is higher than at quiet times. Besides the length of stay of patients in the PACU, we also analyse the excessive time between closing a patient to the moment the bay is clean. This analysis identifies where the PACU should intervene their processes and how many minutes this reduces the cycle time.
Doing Quantitative Data Analysis in Criminological Research

During the roughly fifty years following the Second World War, the best evidence we have from recorded crimes and victimisation surveys suggests that the level and rate of crime rose in almost all countries for which data are available. The increases seemed to be inexorable. Then, first in the United States and after that in many other countries and against expectations crime began to fall and to do so precipitously. Moreover the falls were more than temporary blips: they have been sustained. The changes in direction in crime trajectories took almost all by surprise. They had not been expected by policy-makers, journalists, the general public or, for that matter, criminologists. It seemed to us that the international crime drop poses perhaps the most pressing questions for criminology: What exactly was happening to crime rates and why had they begun to fall? At the time of writing we have spent close to a decade working on the crime drop, trying both to describe it more precisely and to explain it.