Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partial Truths: Adults Choose to Mention Agents and Patients in Proportion to Informativity, Even If It Doesn’t Fully Disambiguate the Message

How do we decide what to say to ensure our meanings will be understood? The Rational Speech Act model (RSA; Frank & Goodman, 2012) asserts that speakers plan what to say by comparing the informativity of words in a particular context. We present the first example of an RSA model of sentence-level (who-did-what-to-whom) meanings. In these contexts, the set of possible messages must be abstracted from entities in common ground (people and objects) to possible events (Jane eats the apple, Marco peels the banana), with each word contributing unique semantic content. How do speakers accomplish the transformation from context to compositional, informative messages? In a communication game, participants described transitive events (e.g., Jane pets the dog), with only two words, in contexts where two words either were or were not enough to uniquely identify an event. Adults chose utterances matching the predictions of the RSA even when there was no possible fully “successful” utterance. Thus we show that adults’ communicative behavior can be described by a model that accommodates informativity in context, beyond the set of possible entities in common ground. This study provides the first evidence that adults’ language production is affected, at the level of argument structure, by the graded informativity of possible utterances in context, and suggests that full-blown natural speech may result from speakers who model and adapt to the listener’s needs.
Research on an RFID anti-collision improved algorithm based on binary search

As one of the critical technologies of radio frequency identification system, anti-collision technology decides the speed and accuracy of reading tags. Based on analysis of the old binary search algorithm, this paper provides a new binary search algorithm with improved performance. By applying this algorithm, the reader returns to the collision point of the previous record after successfully choosing the proper tag every time, and sends the corresponding sequence number to choose the next tag, thus avoiding the process of sending the maximum sequence number to make selection among the remaining tags. As a result, the times of query needed to make selection could be reduced, and the transmmision and identification efficiency of the system improved.
Effects on photonic band gaps caused by electrical permittivity and by filling constants in periodic structures

In this work, a study about the influence of the electrical characteristics and of the filling constants of a periodic structure on photonic band gaps (PBGs) is performed. The band gaps are analyzed through the transmission coefficient of the scattering matrix. This open scattering problem was numerically solved through the finite differences time domain method (FDTD) and truncated by implementing the uniaxial perfectly matched layers (U-PML) formulation.
Use of control interventions in adult in-patient mental health services

This study examined the prevalence of Control Intervention (CI) use in adult in-patient psychiatric units/hospitals in Ontario and developed a profile of those patients who had CI use during their admission between April 2006 and March 2010. Control intervention types included mechanical/physical, chair prevents rising, acute control medications, and seclusion. The profiles of patients with control intervention use included an examination of sociodemographic, mental health service use, and mental health clinical characteristics.
200 K 97 K 68 K 46 K 30 K thymus bone Tdepleted marrow bone mamw

We show here for the first time that pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells express the CD4 antigen. CD4+ cells isolated from mouse marrow repopulated all hematopoietic lineages in both the long-term repopulation assay and the competitive repopulation assay. This finding indicates that the CD4+ population contains primitive stem cells with extensive repopulation capacity. Interestingly, the CD4population had significant life-sparing activity, even though this population was depleted of long-term repopulating stem cells when compared with CD4+ cells. The majority of the cells that respond to the stroma in Whitlock-Witte cultures with B e l l differentiation were recovered in the CD4population. Thus, this bone marrow (BM)-derived B-cell precursor lacks CD4,
UNIVERSAL ESTIMATION OF TIME-VARYING DISTRIBUTIONS

We investigate the estimation of distributions with timevarying parameters. We introduce an algorithm that achieves the optimal negative likelihood performance against the true probability distribution. We achieve this optimum regret performance without any knowledge about the total change of the parameters of true distribution. Our results are guaranteed to hold in an individual sequence manner such that we have no assumptions on the underlying sequences. Our log-loss performance with respect to the true probability density has regret bounds of O( √ CT ), where C is the total change (drift) in the natural parameters of the underlying distribution. We achieve this square-root regret with computational complexity only logarithmic in the time horizon, thus our algorithm is suitable for big data. Apart from the regret bounds, through synthetic and real life experiments, we demonstrate substantial performance gains with respect to the state-of-the-art probability density estimation algorithms in the literature.
Principle of defining the compatible cells for battery based on clustering the generalized feature

Working capacity and life of the battery as a whole are significantly determined by the degree of its individual cells' parameters identity. At acquisition of batteries, as a rule, the key parameters for the cells selection are their nominal capacity and internal resistance. Measuring these parameters via traditional methods requires a significant amount of time, implementation of special measuring systems and gives a conclusion only for the nominal operation. The proposed principle makes it possible to consider a greater number of important cell parameters indirectly and to carry out a comparison of the entire operating range of the cell, not just the nominal point. The comparison is carried out on a graph of cell's current response to successive multistage potentiostatic effects on power poles by means of small devices with simple structure. These current response graphs contain complete information on both said cell's parameters and those important for short-term use in starter-mode — activation parameters. Analysis of these graphs is carried out on the basis of clustering in feature space of generalized parameters of reduced dimension to the implementation of the reduction of measurement based on decomposition method of modeling. Comparison of cells on generalized parameters in a wide operating range of the operating conditions significantly improves the quality of the battery acquisition.
Sustainability fellowships: the potential for collective stakeholder influence

Purpose – Given the current ecological state of the planet organizations now need to develop their sustainability to a significantly greater extent and at a faster pace. This paper aims to propose stakeholder collectives as a means for rapid and comprehensive sustainability, while also examining the moderating influence of firm size and change potential. Design/methodology/approach – A theoretical analysis leads to the development of multiple propositions. The work concentrates on one research question: how can the authors bring about rapid and comprehensive organizational sustainability? Findings – Arguments for the inability of individual stakeholders to drive the level of sustainability now required are presented. Propositions suggesting that sustainability can be obtained through stakeholder collectives, moderated by firm size and the change potential of the firm are developed. Research limitations/implications – Research using stakeholder theory has examined intra-stakeholder group collective action,.
Aesthetic Preferences for Combinations of Color and Music

135 university undergraduates heard 12 preludes from J. S. Bach's Well-tempered Clavier (Vol. 1) while viewing alternating red, yellow, green, and blue colored lights. Their task was to rank-order the lights according to how well they “matched” the music. Preferences for combinations of color and music differed depending on whether the music was in a major or a minor key. The present findings along with those of some earlier studies suggest that aesthetic experience may be heightened when colors are seen that match the mental images music evokes.
Registration of coronary venous anatomy to the site of the latest mechanical contraction

Objective — Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) provides a therapeutic option for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). There is evidence that the optimal pacing site (OIS) is vicinal to the region of the latest contraction (RLC). However, the RLC is not identified routinely to guide lead implantation to the coronary venous system (CVS). The aim of this study was: (i) to develop a software over-imposing CVS-anatomy on parametric images of left ventricular dyssynchrony in a 3D-format obtained from computed tomography (CT) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); and (ii) to apply this 3D-software for analysing the possible correlation between functional/clinical improvement and the distance between final implantation site (FIS) and RLC. Methods and results — In 20 CHF-patients (11 men, 65.6 ± 6.8 y, ejection fraction (EF): 27.5 ± 6.1%) CRT-leads were implanted; follow-up included echocardiographic and exercise evaluation. The OIS and the FIS were noted on 3D-registrations and the distances OIS-RLC and FIS-RLC measured.The target vessel was reached in 14 cases. NYHA class and EF improved significantly with a low rate of non–responders of 3 (15%) (EF) and 4 (20%) (NYHA). Image registration was possible in all patients. Post-process 3D-analysis revealed no correlation between the distance FIS-RLC and functional or echocardiographic improvements.There was a trend towards a shorter distance FIS-RLC in patients classified as responders (EF). NYHA class improved significantly better in patients with target vessel implantation. Conclusions — Registration of CT/MRI-images enables efforts to reach the RLC by preoperative identification of corresponding veins. Larger randomized trials must define the definite therapeutic benefit.
Cardiac Adaptive Responses After Hypoxia in an Experimental Model

The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin (EPO) in mediating hypoxic preconditioning under the acute intermittent hypoxic condition (AIH) was investigated in this study. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned and kept in normoxic conditions, (Nx) or in AIH conditions and subjected to brief cycles hypoxia/reoxygenation. Hearts were isolated, perfused, and subjected to in vitro global ischemia followed by reperfusion. During and at the end of reperfusion, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP); LV end diastolic pressure (LVEDP); rate pressure product (RPP); peak left ventricular pressure rise (ΔP/Δt max ) and heart rate (HR) were measured. Hearts subjected to AIH displayed a significant higher LVDP (P < .001), RPP (P < .001), and ΔP/Δt max (P < .001). Expression of VEGF and EPO were significantly increased at 3, 8, and 24 hours after AIH. Hypoxic training could provide a new approach to enhance endogenous cardioprotective mechanisms.
Criticality and Decision Tree Size of AC 0

We show that the decision tree size of a function f : {0, 1} → {0, 1} computed by an AC circuit of depth d and size s is at most O(2(1−p)n) where p = 1/O(log s)d−1. This result follows from an exponential tail bound on the decision tree depth of the randomly restricted function f Rp: for all t ≥ 0, we show that P[ DTdepth(f Rp) ≥ t ] ≤ exp(−t). For t ≤ log s, this is a straightforward consequence of H̊astad’s Switching Lemma (1986); for t ≥ log s, we combine H̊astad’s Multi-Switching Lemma (2014) with a shrinkage lemma for decision trees. Qualitatively, our bound on DTsize(f) improves a similar bound on the subcube partition number of f due to Impagliazzo, Matthews and Paturi (2011). Our bound on DTdepth(f Rp) improves a similar bound of Tal (2014) on the degree of f Rp as a real polynomial.
Efficient Sublinear-Regret Algorithms for Online Sparse Linear Regression with Limited Observation

Online sparse linear regression is the task of applying linear regression analysis to examples arriving sequentially subject to a resource constraint that a limited number of features of examples can be observed. Despite its importance in many practical applications, it has been recently shown that there is no polynomial-time sublinear-regret algorithm unless NP$\subseteq$BPP, and only an exponential-time sublinear-regret algorithm has been found. In this paper, we introduce mild assumptions to solve the problem. Under these assumptions, we present polynomial-time sublinear-regret algorithms for the online sparse linear regression. In addition, thorough experiments with publicly available data demonstrate that our algorithms outperform other known algorithms.
Autonomous expression of a noncatalytic domain of the focal adhesion-associated protein tyrosine kinase pp125FAK

Integrins play a central role in cellular adhesion and anchorage of the cytoskeleton and participate in the generation of intracellular signals, including tyrosine phosphorylation. We have recently isolated a cDNA encoding a unique, focal adhesion-associated protein tyrosine kinase (FAK) that is a component of an integrin-mediated signal transduction pathway. Here we report the isolation of cDNAs encoding the C-terminal, noncatalytic domain of the FAK kinase, termed FRNK (FAK-related nonkinase). Both the FAK- and FRNK-encoded polypeptides, pp125FAK and p41/p43FRNK, are expressed in normal chicken embryo cells. pp125FAK and p41/p43FRNK were localized to focal adhesions, suggesting that pp125FAK is directed to the focal adhesions by sequences within its C-terminal domain. We also show that the fibronectin-dependent increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of pp125FAK is accompanied by a concomitant posttranslational modification of p41FRNK.
An improved MMSE equalizer for one-dimensional modulation OFDM systems

A minimum mean-square error equalizer for one- dimensional modulation orthogonal frequency-division multiplex- ing systems is studied. It is found that by using the proposed equalization criterion for one-dimensional modulation formats, smaller average error power and bit error rate can be achieved, compared with conventional general minimum mean-square er- ror equalizers.
Laboratory experiments with Okapi: participation in the TREC programme

A brief review of the history of laboratory testing of information retrieval systems focuses on the idea of a general‐purpose test collection of documents, queries and relevance judgements. The TREC programme is introduced in this context, and an overview is given of the methods used in TREC. The Okapi team’s participation in TREC is then discussed. The team has made use of TREC to improve some of the automatic techniques used in Okapi, specifically the term weighting function and the algorithms for term selection for query expansion. The consequence of this process has been a very good showing for Okapi in terms of the TREC evaluation results. Some of the issues around the much more difficult problem of interactive evaluation in TREC are then discussed. Although some interesting interactive experiments have been performed at TREC, the problems of reconciling the requirements of the laboratory context with the concerns of interactive retrieval are still largely unresolved.
Content Matters: An Investigation of Feedback Categories within an ITS

The primary goal of this study was to investigate the role of feedback in an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) with natural language dialogue. One core component of tutorial dialogue is feedback, which carries the primary burden of informing students of their performance. AutoTutor is an ITS with tutorial dialogue that was developed at the University of Memphis. This article addresses the effectiveness of two types of feedback (content & progress) while college students interact with AutoTutor on conceptual physics. Content feedback provides qualitative information about the domain content and its accuracy as it is covered in a tutoring session. Progress feedback is a quantitative assessment of the student's advancement through the material being covered (i.e., how far the student has come and how much farther they have to go). A factorial design was used that manipulated the presence or absence of both feedback categories (content & progress). Each student interacted with one of four different versions of AutoTutor that varied the type of feedback. Data analyses showed significant effects of feedback on learning and motivational measures, supporting the notion that “content matters” and the adage “no pain, no gain. ”
Whole mount nuclear fluorescent imaging: Convenient documentation of embryo morphology

Here, we describe a relatively inexpensive and easy method to produce high quality images that reveal fine topological details of vertebrate embryonic structures. The method relies on nuclear staining of whole mount embryos in combination with confocal microscopy or conventional wide field fluorescent microscopy. In cases where confocal microscopy is used in combination with whole mount nuclear staining, the resulting embryo images can rival the clarity and resolution of images produced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The fluorescent nuclear staining may be performed with a variety of cell permeable nuclear dyes, enabling the technique to be performed with multiple standard microscope/illumination or confocal/laser systems. The method may be used to document morphology of embryos of a variety of organisms, as well as individual organs and tissues. Nuclear stain imaging imposes minimal impact on embryonic specimens, enabling imaged specimens to be utilized for additional assays. genesis 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analyzing Temporal Patterns in Behavioral Data with Liquid State Machines Master

We propose the use of brain inspired machine learning to complement statistical tests currently used in the field of behavioral marketing research. We analyze a data set of facial emotion responses from participants who watched a commercial. Our goal is to predict behavioral intentions of the participants from the temporal patterns of their facial emotions. We suggest interpreting the data as a regression problem with a temporal component, allowing machine learning algorithms to discover which facial emotions are important for behavioral intentions and when these features play a decisive role. We first set a baseline performance collapsing the temporal component of the regression analysis by taking the average facial emotions over the whole video or by taking the difference between the averages of the first and second half of the commercial. Thereafter, we apply a Liquid State Machine (LSM) to analyze temporal patterns. The LSM contains a recurrent neural network (RNN), which produces states with implicit temporal information and higher order combinations of features. The states of the RNN are regressed onto behavioral intentions with Support Vector Regression (SVR). We apply forward and backward feature selection to explain which facial emotions have most impact on predicting the behavioral intentions. Moreover, at several points in time we inspect the performance of the LSM to expose when important effects during the commercial take place. Optimizations in the notoriously difficult parameter search for the LSM are suggested. We investigate several different topologies to improve the consistency of the general performance of the RNN. Results suggest that “Happiness” is the most important facial emotion for the investigated dataset and that the optimal decision time to predict behavioral intentions is at 80% in the commercial. We compare our results to traditional statistics in behavioral marketing and show the added value of using machine learning to include analysis of temporal patterns. Finally, we suggest that our proposed methods can be applied in similar fields in which data with complex temporal patterns are found.
Clinical measurement of walking balance in people post stroke: a systematic review

Objective: To identify walking balance measures which have been established for use with ambulatory people post stroke and reflect the balance requirements of community walking. Data sources: MEDLINE, Embase, AMED. Review methods: Measures reflecting walking balance, with tasks that include a stepping action in standing, used with people post stroke were reviewed. Measures with clinical utility were evaluated for psychometric properties, including reliability, validity and clinical interpretation. Results: Nine measures (24 papers) were identified that met the requirement of measuring walking balance in people post stroke with demonstrated clinical utility. Outcome measures with multiple tasks (Brunel Balance Assessment, Modified Emory Functional Ambulation Profile, Dynamic Gait Index, Community Balance and Mobility Scale, and mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test) as opposed to single task measures (Step Test, Side Step Test and Four Square Step Test, Timed Up and Go), reflect a broader range of walking balance required to accommodate the variable challenges which may be expected at the community level of walking. Most tools report excellent reliability when used by physiotherapists. Validity remains far more challenging to establish. Evaluation of clinical interpretation is limited for all measures. Conclusion: The multiple-task outcome measures reviewed reflected walking balance activities often undertaken during community mobility. Single-task measures may be useful as screening measures, identifying walking balance deficits associated with basic/lower levels of walking balance. Construct validity and clinical interpretability of each measure in ambulatory people post stroke requires further research to identify the level of community mobility represented by each measure of walking balance.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid, Riboflavin and Vitamin C: Effect of Different Storage Conditions of Human Milk

This study addresses a matter of importance for: healthy infants; sick infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units; infants fed expressed human milk and infants who receive milk from Human Milk Banks. Current storage parameters for freezing of mother’s milk are not well established and are often contradictory. Pooled fresh human milk was stored raw, in nitrogen gas and following Holder pasteurization for 6 days at 4oC and for 6 months at -20oC and at -80oC. Contents of linoleic (LA), α−linolenic (ALA), arachidonic (ARA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, riboflavin and total vitamin C were analyzed under these conditions and during these storage times as they are sensitive to oxidation. The results of this study confirm the general appropriateness of freezing human milk at either -20oC or at -80oC, for preservation of two vitamins and four fatty acids. These storage recommendations are applicable also for the storage of human milk which underwent Holder pasteurization. Both the exclusion of oxygen and freezing at -80oC may be redundant for nutrient preservation and in some cases even detrimental. Recommendations for human milk storage while based on bacteriological safety appear to be appropriate for preservation of vitamins C and riboflavin and LA, ALA, DHA and ARA. As vitamin C is highly susceptible to oxidation, its addition to human milk or direct supplementation of the infant is recommended, if the milk had been frozen for longer than 2 weeks or had been pasteurized. We recommend supplementation of the infant with vitamin C at the Adequate Intake (AI) level in these cases.