Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-time Judgment of Workload using Heart Rate and Physical Activity

Workers in a construction site may be exposed various hazards and risks and may work with excessive demands beyond their physical abilities. It is important for construction companies to sustain a workforce in the work environment that does not sacrifice worker safety and health and maintains the required productivity. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for real-time estimation of the workload risk of individual workers at a construction site. Based on previous studies, we developed a workload model that includes behavioral information and physical characteristics of workers in addition to heart rate reserve (%HRR). Recent wearable devices have sufficient performance for measuring biological and physical load data without interfering from their work. In this case study, heart rate and physical activity were measured using smart wear equipped with a biosensor, an acceleration sensor and IoT system developed in our research. Using a logistic regression analysis as the statistical methods and SPSS as the analysis tool, we analyzed the risk caused by the workload. As a result, it became clear that the physical activity and the heart rate will be the important parameters for estimating workload risk in construction works. However, worker age and body mass index (BMI) did not have a significant effect on estimating workload risk. In the construction site, types of works and skills of workers will change according to the progress of the project. In order to ensure a stable workforce and productivity, it is necessary for construction industry to manage workers’ health and safety. In conclusion of this paper, we propose that the real-time monitoring of heart rate and physical activity during construction work can be used for human resource management (HRM). With the development of this study, it will be possible to determine how the workers’ workload affects productivity. It is believed that this research will be useful as an element of the integrated management technology of the entire construction site using ICT tools.
Switching-Cell Four-Leg Current Source Inverter

Conventional current source inverter (CSI) suffers from open-circuit problem during switch transition. Thus, overlap-time should be inserted in the gate signals for safe commutation. The overlap-time distorts output current waveforms and increases total harmonic distortion of output current. Moreover, it reduces the current source utilization of the inverter. To solve these problems, this article proposes a new three-phase four-leg switching-cell (SC) CSI, abbreviated as H8-SC-CSI. With the help of the SC structure, the reliability of the proposed inverter is greatly enhanced as open-circuit concerns are eliminated. In addition, with the intrinsic voltage clamping action of the SC structure, switch voltage overshoot at turn-off is mitigated. In the proposed CSI, the switch overlap-time can be minimized or eliminated because the inductor current can flow through the SC capacitors. A 1.2 kW prototype inverter is designed and tested to verify the feasibility of the circuit.
Nonaqueous Fluoride/Chloride Anion-Promoted Delamination ofLayered Zeolite Precursors: Synthesis and Characterization of UCB-2

The delamination of layered zeolite precursor PREFER is demonstrated under mild nonaqueous conditions using a mixture of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium fluoride, and tetrabutylammonium chloride in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent. The delamination proceeds through a swollen material intermediate which is characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Subsequent addition of concentrated HCl at room temperature leads to synthesis of UCB-2 via delamination of the swollen PREFER material and is characterized using PXRD, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and argon gas physisorption, which shows lack of microporosity in UCB-2. ^(29)Si magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy indicates lack of amorphization during delamination, as indicated by the entire absence of Q^2 resonances, and ^(27)Al MAS NMR spectroscopy shows exclusively tetrahedral aluminum in the framework following delamination. The delamination process requires both chloride and fluoride anions and is sensitive to solvent, working well in DMF. Experiments aimed at synthesizing UCB-2 using aqueous conditions previously used for UCB-1 synthesis leads to partial swelling and lack of delamination upon acidification. A similar lack of delamination is observed upon attempting synthesis of UCB-1 under conditions used for UCB-2 synthesis. The delamination of PREFER is reversible between delaminated and swollen states in the following manner. Treatment of as-made UCB-2 with the same reagents as used here for the swelling of PREFER causes the delaminated UCB-2 material to revert back to swollen PREFER. This causes the delaminated UCB-2 material to revert back to swollen PREFER. Altogether, these results highlight delamination as the reverse of zeolite synthesis and demonstrate the crucial role of noncovalent self-assembly involving the zeolitic framework and cations/anions/structure-directing agent and solvent during the delamination process.
Brown Measure Based Spectral Distribution Analysis for Spatial-Temporal Localization of Cascading Events in Power Grids

Real-time detection and analysis of cascading events are crucial to avoiding large blackouts in power systems. Based on spectral distribution analysis (SDA) of online monitoring data, this article proposes an approach for spatial-temporal localization of cascading events in a modern grid. The anomaly detection problem is built upon hypothesis testing, where a test statistic is designed in advance. The empirical spectral distribution (ESD) of the test statistic is compared with its theoretical counterpart, i.e., the asymptotic spectral distribution (ASD) obtained by Brown Measure. The proposed approach is sensitive and capable of temporally locating the occurrence time of each subevent (including severe disturbances, failures, and some typical physical attacks) in a cascading event. Simultaneously, the spatial information of each subevent is given. It is experimentally justified that the proposed approach is robust to normal fluctuations, oscillations, and bad data. Besides, it can be applied in both large-scale and small-scale systems utilizing the tensor product method. Case studies with simulated data in an ACTIVSg500 System and real-world online monitoring data verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Early signs of standing postural instability in asymptomatic people living with HIV

Introduction: People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can present vestibular system impairments, affecting postural stability. There is limited literature related to visual and somatosensory systems in maintaining postural stability in HIV-positive people. The purpose of this study was to describe sensory systems used to maintain postural stability and how the sources of sensory information can influence postural stability in asymptomatic persons with HIV. Material and methods: Postural stability was measured in 20 asymptomatic persons with HIV with no history of fall (11 males, 9 females; aged 43 ± 8 years). Static postural stability was evaluated during eight conditions that perturbed the visual, somatosensory, and vestibular inputs. One-way MANOVA test was conducted to compare center of pressure (COP), antero-posterior displacement (APD), and right-left displacement (RLD) on a stable and unstable surface. Results: There was a significant increase in the COP, APD, and RLD when the proprioceptive system was challenged on the unstable surface. Conclusions: Postural instability can be detected in asymptomatic HIV-positive persons with challenging conditions before the evident appearance of balance impairments. HIV AIDS Rev 2020; 19, 3: 193-198 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2020. 99680
Spherulitic crystallization behavior of linear low-density polyethylene

In this study the crystallization behavior of linear low-density polyethylenes (LLDPEs) (ethylene-α-olefin copolymers) was studied by polarized light microscopy. A modified Hoffman-Lauritzen (MHL) expression is proposed whereby the equilibrium melting temperature, T (T), is replaced with the melting temperature of the crystal stem is replaced with the maximum possible stem length,T. It successfully describes the crystalline spherulitic growth kinetics for both homogeneous and heterogeneous LLDPEs. In addition to regimes III and II, another regime (IM) was found in the high crystallization temperature range. Linear growth behavior of crystalline spherulites was observed in regime III, and nonlinear growth behavior was found in regimes II and IM. The basal surface free energy can be estimated from the short chain branching polydispersity (SCBP) for LLDPEs with excluded comonomers. Polym. Eng. Sci. 45:74–83, 2005. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Study on the Interaction Between Oxymatrine and Tungstosilicic Acid by Resonance Rayleigh Scattering and Its Analytical Applications

In the 0.1 mol · L−1 hydrochloric acid solution, oxymatrine reacted with tungstosilicic acid to form a 2:1 ion-association complexes. This results in a great enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering. The maximum resonance Rayleigh scattering wavelength was located at 393 nm. Resonance Rayleigh scattering intensity was proportional to the concentration of oxymatrine in the range of 1.5–26.4 µg · mL−1, and the detection limit (3σ) was 0.23 µg · mL−1. The optimum conditions and the effects of coexisting substances on the reaction were investigated. The method shows a wide linear range and high sensitivity, and was applied to the determination of oxymatrine in marine capsules and human urine samples with satisfactory results. Therefore, a highly sensitive, simple, and quick method has been developed for the determination of oxymatrine.
ICSC: a program for calculating inelastic scattering cross sections for fast electrons incident on crystals

A computer program which calculates inner-shell ionization and backscattering cross sections for fast electrons incident on a crystal is presented. The program calculates the inelastic scattering coefficients for inner-shell ionization, pertinent to electron energy loss spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis, using recently presented parameterizations of the atomic scattering factors. Orientation-dependent cross sections, suitable for atom location by channelling enhanced microanalysis, may be calculated. Inelastic scattering coefficients that allow the calculation of orientation-dependent annular dark-field and Rutherford backscattering maps are calculated using an Einstein model. In all cases, absorption due to thermal diffuse scattering, also calculated using an Einstein model, can be included.
Whispering-gallery-mode-based biosensing using quantum dot-embedded microspheres

Highly sensitive, miniature biosensors are desired for the development of new techniques for biological and environmental analyte sensing. One potential approach uses the detection of optical resonances, known as Whispering Gallery Modes (WGMs), from quantum dot embedded polystyrene microspheres. These modes arise from the total internal reflection of the quantum dot emission light within the high index polystyrene microsphere, to produce narrow spectral peaks, which are sensitive to refractive changes in the immediate vicinity of the microsphere surface. The high refractometric sensitivity of the WGMs in these microspheres offers potential for remote detection of molecules adsorbed onto or bound to the microsphere surface without the need for direct coupling of the light via an optical fiber. The sensitivity of these modes has been shown to exceed the theoretical sensitivity of a homogeneous microsphere, using a Mie theory model. This enhancement is believed to be due to the embedded layer of quantum dots at the surface of the microspheres. A model was developed to demonstrate that the embedded QDs could be modeled as a high index outer layer to explain the observed WGM spectra and explore the sensitivity of the modes. In this work, we extend this idea to multiple layers to model the effects of protein adsorption or binding to the surface. The theoretical results are shown to provide a close fit to our previous experimental results.
Neutron Scattering of Hydrophobically Modified Poly(ethylene oxide) in Aqueous Solutions

The structure of aqueous dispersions of hydrophobically end-capped poly(ethylene oxide) (PEOM) was investigated by small-angle neutron scattering. Two polymers, M16C16 and D32C16, with the same hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance, with either one or two n-hexadeca end groups and average molecular weights, M, 16 000 and 32 000 g mol-1, respectively, were studied in heavy water. In addition, a sample of poly(ethylene oxide), M = 35 000 g mol-1, with deuterated n-octadecyl end groups was studied in heavy water and in a heavy water/water mixture (17.6% D2O) to selectively match the PEO chain. In all the cases, the scattering curves were characterized by a main peak which revealed that the polymers were organized in micelles forming an organized liquid structure. In heavy water, the peak maximum scattered intensity, Imax, has a maximum at a concentration corresponding to micelle overlapping, and Imax increases with increasing temperature, at constant concentration. In a mixture containing 17.6% D2O, Imax continuou.
Quantum chemical simulation of cadmium chalcogenide clusters

Under diminishing size of semiconductor nanoparticles (quantum dots) they change properties dramatically due to familiar quantum size effects. The species of the lowest possible size corresponding semiconductor crystal lattices (clusters) possess the maximum quantum confined features. They are of interest to follow the transition between molecular properties of few-atomic precursors and nuclei of a solid phase. We consider quantum chemical modeling of cadmium chalcogenide clusters containing tens of atoms. They may be the fragments of bulk lattices and nave arbitrary geometries. Ab initio geometry optimization (at the restricted Hartree-Fock level) together with electronic structure analysis allows to find possible structures of the CdnXm-clusters (X=S,Se,Te) terminating with hydrogen atoms. The clusters considered (up to n=17, m=32) reveal the dramatic variation of properties with size, interband gap is much higher than for the bulk counterparts for all chalcogenides, and simulate well some experimental findings on spectral properties of (CdX)n produced in colloids with organic ligand capping. The results obtained are important as a theoretical base of small semiconductor clusters those do not described within the effective mass approximation and as pathways to discover a growth sequence of these species towards bigger nanoparticles.
Understanding and mitigating the impact of Internet demand in everyday life

Digital devices and online services are increasingly embedded within our everyday lives. The growth in usage of these technologies has implications for environmental sustainability due to the energy demand from the underlying Internet infrastructure (e.g. communication networks, data centres). Energy efficiencies in the infrastructure are important, but they are made inconsequential by the sheer growth in the demand for data. We need to transition users’ Internet-connected practices and adapt HumanComputer Interaction (HCI) design in less demanding and more sustainable directions. Yet it’s not clear what the most data demanding devices and online activities are in users’ lives, and how this demand can be intervened with most effectively through HCI design. In this thesis, the issue of Internet demand is explored—uncovering how it is embedded into digital devices, online services and users’ everyday practices. Specifically, I conduct a series of experiments to understand Internet demand on mobile devices and in the home, involving: a large-scale quantitative analysis of 398 mobile devices; and a mixed-methods study involving month-long home router logging and interviews with 20 participants (nine households). Through these studies, I provide an in-depth understanding of how digital activities in users’ lives augment Internet demand (particularly through the practice of watching), and outline the roles for the HCI community and broader stakeholders (policy makers, businesses) in curtailing this demand. I then juxtapose these formative studies with design workshops involving 13 participants; these discover how we can reduce Internet demand in ways that users may accept or even want. From this, I provide specific design recommendations for the HCI community aiming to alleviate the issue of Internet growth for concerns of sustainability, as well as holistically mitigate the negative impacts that digital devices and online services can create in users’ lives.
Sensitivity of a receiver using GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb SAM avalanche photodiode for long-wavelength optical communication systems in the mid-infrared spectral range

Low- noise avalanche photodiodes for the spectral range of 1.6-2.4 μm were created using the GaInAsSb solid solution in the absorption region and the wide-gap GaAlX(As)Sb alloy of resonant composition (x=0.04) in the multiplication region. This APD has a very high ratio of ionization coefficients, β/α>30 and low excess noise factor, F~1.6 (M=10). The sensitivity of a receiver for longwavelength communication (λ=1.6-2.5 μm) based on GaInAsSb/AlGa(As)Sb SAM APD is reported. The sensitivity for a direct detection receiver using the SAM APD was calculated according to the treatment of Personick at bit rate B=500 Mbit/s. The dependence of minimum detectable power η on multiplication M for the SAM APD for the wavelength λ=2.1 μm was calculated and compared with one for a standard Ge APD operating at λ=1.55 μm. A minimum detectable power level η = -42.3 dBm at Mopt=34-39 and η=-41.8 dBm at Mopt=10 of the receivers with the GaInAsSb/GaAl(As)Sb SAM APD and the Ge APD, respectively were obtained. These results demonstrate the potential of an optical receiver with the GaInAsSb/GaAl(As)Sb SAM APD for use in mid-IR wavelength optical communication system as well as of great interest for their potential applications in laser range-finding system.
Parameter Tuning-Free Missing-Feature Reconstruction for Robust Sound Recognition

With the advent of the deep neural network, automatic speech recognition (ASR) has seen significant improvements in recent years. However, ASR performance degrades rapidly when the acoustic environment, such as communication channels or noise backgrounds, differ from those of training data. In the missing feature approach to speech processing, the unreliable feature components are identified and reconstructed to overcome signal degradation and the mismatch of the acoustic environment. To reduce the model dependency, we investigate the matrix completion technique in missing feature reconstruction tasks. However, most of the matrix completion techniques require <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$a$</tex-math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$priori$</tex-math></inline-formula> tuning parameters, e.g., target rank, which is hard to determine in practice. In this work, we propose a matrix completion method based on matrix factorization for the missing-feature reconstruction task, that does not require model training nor parameter tuning. Experiments show superior feature reconstruction performance and computational efficiency in both speech recognition and environmental sound classification tasks.
Direct Visualization of Long-Range Heterogeneous Structure in Dense Colloidal Gels

By means of confocal laser scanning microscopy, we directly visualize and quantify the local spatial structure of dense colloidal gels of varying volume fraction formed by short-range attractive interparticle interactions. We find that the short-range structure of the gels is similar to that of dense amorphous hard-sphere systems. However, the long-range structure is characterized by voids and density correlations that differ remarkably from amorphous hard spheres and glasses formed through repulsive interactions. Quantification of the volume fraction dependence of the gel isothermal compressibility and Voronoi volume distribution establishes that long-range structural heterogeneity is a distinguishing feature of the static structure of dense colloidal gels formed by short-range attractions.
Financial Crime and Local Government Productivity in Rivers State

The study investigated the effect of financial crime on local government productivity in Rivers State. The study specifically ascertained the effect of financial crime on effective service delivery and human resource administration in Rivers State local government councils. The predominant factors that induced financial crime in Rivers State local government councils were also identified. Descriptive survey design was employed with purposive sampling drawn from eight local government councils. A total of 220 questionnaires were distributed to the eight local government councils and of the 220, 208 representing 95% were returned and used. The data were analyzed using simple percentages for descriptive analysis and Chi-square (χ2) for hypotheses testing. The findings revealed that financial crime significantly and negatively influenced effective service delivery and human resource administration in Rivers State local government councils. It was further revealed that greed, opportunity and need induced financial crime in Rivers State local government councils. To stimulate employee commitment and effective service delivery in Rivers State local government councils, it was recommended that local government employees should be properly compensated and the institutional and juridical mechanisms (whether on exclusive, concurrent and residual lists) should be strengthened for accountability and deterrence of financial crime.
Cherrybark oak 7-year growth response in intermixed species, competitive neighborhoods

—In 2009, 6.5 acres on the University of Tennessee’s Cumberland Forest in Morgan County, TN, were identified for hardwood afforestation. Twenty-seven plots were planted in one of three species of hardwoods: yellow-poplar ( Liriodendron tulipifera ), black cherry ( Prunus serotina ), and sweetgum ( Liquidambar styraciflua ) at three spacings. Cherrybark oak ( Quercus pagoda ) was intermixed in these plantings such that each oak was completely surrounded by a competitor species. These unique, species-specific neighborhoods act on oak growth and development particular to variations in competitor crown architecture. After 7 years, oak survival ranged from 84.8 percent in 6-foot by 6-foot sweetgum plots to 100 percent survival in the 10-foot by 10-foot yellow-poplar plots. Oak diameter at breast height (d.b.h.) showed significant effects within spacing ( p = 0.0002) and species ( p = 0.0015), but not their interaction ( p = 0.9110). Total mean cherrybark oak d.b. h. was 1.6 inches, ranging from 1.4 inches in the 6-foot by 6-foot yellow-poplar plots to 2.17 inches in the black cherry 10-foot by 10-foot plots. There were significant effects of spacing on cherrybark oak height growth ( p = 0.0164) but no significant differences at the species level ( p = 0.2410) or in the interaction of spacing and species ( p = 0.7451). Comparisons of mean plot heights by spacing indicates significant cherrybark oak height differences between the 10-foot by 10-foot spacing (16.6 feet) and the 6-foot by 6-foot spacing (13.4 feet; p = 0.0091) but not between the 6-foot by 6-foot and 8-foot by 8-foot (14.9 feet; p = 0.3901) or the 8-foot by 8-foot and 10-foot by 10-foot spacings ( p = 0.2905).