Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
μSBS: Static Binary Sanitization of Bare-metal Embedded Devices for Fault Observability

A large portion of the already deployed Internet of Things (IoT) devices are bare-metal. In a bare-metal device, the ﬁrmware executes directly on the hardware with no inter-mediary OS. While bare-metal devices increase efﬁciency and ﬂexibility, they are also subject to memory corruption vulnerabilities that are regularly uncovered. Fuzzing is an effective and popular software testing method to discover vulnerabilities. The effectiveness of fuzzing approaches relies on the fact that memory corruption faults, by violating existing security mechanisms such as MMU, are observable, thus relatively easy to debug. Unfortunately, bare-metal devices lack such security mechanisms. Consequently, fuzzing approaches encounter silent memory corruptions with no visible effects making debugging extremely difﬁcult. This paper tackles this problem by proposing µ SBS, a novel approach that, by statically instrumenting the binaries, makes memory corruptions observable. In contrast to prior work, µ SBS does not need to reverse engineer the ﬁrmware. The approach is practical as it does not require a modiﬁed compiler and can perform policy-based instrumentation of ﬁrmware without access to source code. Evaluation of µ SBS shows that it reduces security analyst effort, while discovering the same set of memory error types as prior work.
REGULATION OF RHODOPSIN EXPRESSION IN RHABDOMERALPHOTORECEPTORS Functional Analysis of the 5' Flanking Region of the Calliphora RhI Opsin Gene

Regulation of rhodopsin synthesis may occur at any of the biochemical steps required to transform the genetic information encoded in the opsin genes into the light-absorbing visual pigment, rhodopsin, contained in the photoreceptive membrane. These steps include the transcription of the opsin gene into mRNA, the translation of this mRNA into the opsin protein, chromophore binding, and correct protein folding, which may be aided by chaperones, e.g. by the ninaA-encoded cyclophilin homologue required for folding of Drosophila Rhl and Rh2 opsin (Stamnes et a! ., 1991; Baker et a! ., 1994) or by the cyclophilin-related protein RanBP2 of vertebrate cone photoreceptor cells (Ferreira et a! ., 1996). Coand posttranslational modifications, rhodopsin glycosylation and binding of the retinal chromophore, which is II-cis retinal in most vertebrate rhodopsins and ll-cis 3-hydroxyretinal in the visual pigments of dipteran flies (Vogt, 1983), are further prerequisites for the formation of mature rhodopsin (Fliesler and Basinger, 1985; Fliesler et al., 1985; O'Tousa, 1992; Ozaki et aI., 1993; Huber et aI., 1994). Finally, in order to perform its function in photoreception, rhodopsin must be directed to and incorporated into the membranes constituting the photoreceptive cell compartment, the outer-segment membrane of vertebrate rod and cone cells or the microvillar membrane of rhabdomeral photoreceptors of invertebrates. Two basic requirements for the regulation of rhodopsin synthesis can be distinguished. First, the expression of a distinct opsin gene must be activated in a specific type of photoreceptor, e.g. in one of the three types of cone cells of the human retina, which together express three distinct rhodopsin genes (Nathans et aI., 1986). The decision which rhodopsin is expressed in which cell is made during eye development. It is generally accepted that the regulation of cell-specific rhodopsin expression is performed at the tran-
Students� English business communication self-efficacy and their career aspirations

Self-efficacy, which is defined as people’s judgment on their ability to carry out tasks and exercise control over events, is believed to be determinant in the success of learning and career aspiration. The study was conducted to measure students’ self-efficacy in making English business communication, their career aspiration, and the relationship between them. Sixty one students served as the respondents for the study. Data were collected by using Likert-typed questionnaires after students attended an ESP designed to improve their English business communication skills. It found that students had high self-efficacy in making English business communication and high career aspiration. Between these variables lies a significant positive correlation in moderate level (0.611).
Improvement of nutritional quality of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) oil by applying technological treatment

Present study was conducted to investigate the influence of germination time on physicochemical and biochemical characteristics of oil extracted sesame (Sesamum indicum) seeds. Sesame seeds were soaked and germinated in laboratory under room conditions (humidity 85%, temperature 25 °C) during 4 days. Oils were extracted using a screw press and analyzed by conventional methods. The results have shown that germination significantly decreased oils moisture, triglycerides (98.31 to 90.32%) and oils viscosity (71.09 to 66.29 mPa.s). It increased iodine value (104.64 to 105.98 g I2/100 g) saponification index (191.11 to 193.82 mg KOH/g). There was no detectable peroxide value during germination and the color of extracted oils was significantly affected. Antioxidant power of oils has been improved by increasing vitamin E (0 to 597.65 µg/g) and vitamin A (0.80 to 4.80 µg/g) contents. Nutrient information reported illustrates the benefits to public health for consumers of these plant seeds.
TRACHYPACHUS AND THE ORIGIN OF THE HYDRADEPHAGA (COLEOPTERA)

The specialized aquatic families of the Suborder Adephaga have often been united to form a Superfamily Hydradephaga, while the terrestrial families are included in a contrasting Superfamily Geadephaga. Basic to an understanding of the phylogeny of the Adephaga is a decision as to whether this separation is a natural one. In other words, have the Hydradephaga arisen from a primitive adephagan different from that which gave rise to the Geadephaga, or are the Hydradephaga simply Geadephaga modified for an aquatic existence? Available evidence overwhelmingly supports the latter view. Crowson (1955) held that the basic features of the adephagan metasternum, hind coxae, and abdomen were originally adaptations for life beneath bark; while Bell and Bell (1962) suggested that they were, instead, adaptations for cursorial locomotion. In either case, there is nothing in the structure of Hydradephaga to preclude descent from early geadephagans. Moreover, the characters supposedly distinguishing the two groups are not entirely constant. All Hydradephaga lack pubescence on the outer antennal segments, but it is also lacking in the terrestrial Trachypachini (Trachypachus Motschulsky and Systolosoma Solier). Hydradephaga are often said to lack a transverse sulcus on the metasternum. In Hygrobiidae, however, there is a remnant of the sulcus, while in Haliplidae it is represented by a row of coarse punctures. On the other hand, the aberrant, bark-inhabiting Rhysodini (usually accorded family rank, but regarded as modified Carabidae by Bell and Bell, 1962) lack a transverse sulcus. The sulcus is the external opening to an internal ridge, evidently serving for muscle attachments; and its tendency to disappear in Hydradephaga and Rhysodini is probably a reflection of changes in methods of locomotion. All Hydradephaga have hind coxal cavities of the interrupted type, in which the hind coxa extends laterally to the margin of the body, eliminating contact between the metathoracic pleurites and the first abdominal sternite. Coxal cavities of this type occur also in Trachypachini and in Gehringia among terrestrial Adephaga. In the latter genus, this feature seems to be connected with the lateral displacement of the hind legs, while in Trachypachini and the Hydradephaga it is necessitated by the great enlargement of the coxae themselves. Hydradephaga universally lack an antenna-cleaning organ on the
Effects of ultrasound, microwave, fermentation and heat treatments on angiotensin-I converting enzyme activity of chickpea bioactive peptides.

In this study, ACE inhibitory activity of chickpea protein isolates was measured. After applying pretreatments such as cooking, microwave, ultrasound and fermentation, changes in activity were investigated. Protein isolates were obtained by alcaline extraction and isoelectric precipitation from samples that were applied pre-treatments. All isolates were analyzed after being hydrolysed with pepsin and trypsin. The highest ACE inhibition activity was observed in samples that were applied ultrasound. The ACE inhibition activity increased about 21.040. 7% when compared to the raw chickpea samples. A decline in the activity was observed when pre-treatments such as fermentation and cooking were applied. As a result of these, it has been proved that chickpea has an ACE inhibition activity and it has been found that ultrasound pre-treatment increases ACE inhibition activity.
Controle da pinta preta e efeito sobre variáveis de crescimento em tomateiro por preparados homeopáticos

Homeopathy can be an alternative to control plant diseases by means of the activation of resistance genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of the homeopathic drugs Propolis, Sulphur and Ferrum sulphuricum at the dynamizations 6, 12, 30 and 60CH (centesimal hahnemanian dilutions) on the control of Alternaria solani and on growth variables. Hydroalcoholic solution at 10% and distilled water were the control treatments. At 19 days after transplanting, the 6th leaf of each plant was treated and, at 72 hours after the treatment, the 6th and the 7th leaves were inoculated with A. solani. The disease severity was assessed and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated. The volume and the dry mass of roots were evaluated, as well as the fresh and the dry mass of shoots. Sulphur at 12 and 30CH, Ferrum sulphuricum at 6, 12 and 30CH and Propolis at all dilutions reduced the AUDPC by 17% to 49%. Sulphur at 60CH and hydroalcoholic solution at 10% had a systemic effect on resistance induction. Propolis at 30 and 60CH increased the volume of roots by 39% and 33%, respectively, the fresh mass of shoots by 35% (30CH) and the dry mass of roots by 38% (30CH). Sulphur at all dilutions increased the mass of shoots by 23% to 37%, while at 60CH it increased by 59% the mass of roots, which also occurred for Ferrum sulphuricum at 60CH (65% increment). These results indicate that homeopathic drugs can control early blight and increase the growth of tomato plants.
Narrative review of intraoperative image guidance for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion

Recent advancements in imaging technology have changed the landscape of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) with the objective of improving safety and efficacy for the patient and surgical team. Spine surgery, and specifically TLIFs, involve challenging anatomy and command precise surgical accuracy, creating an essential role for intraoperative imaging, navigation, and robotics. Traditionally, surgeons have relied upon fluoroscopy for pedicle screw and interbody placement. More recently, intraoperative 3-dimensional navigation (ION) has risen in popularity in TLIF surgery. This technology utilizes intra-operative advanced imaging, such as computed tomography (CT) and 3D-fluroscopy, to accurately track instruments and implants in relation to the patient’s anatomy. ION has demonstrated improved accuracy of pedicle screw placement, decreased operating room times, and lower radiation exposure to the surgeon and staff. However, conventional fluoroscopy, 3D fluoroscopy, intraoperative CT, image-guided navigation, and robot-assisted surgery all have a role in TLIF surgery. Numerous studies have been published regarding the benefits and pitfalls of these intraoperative tools in spine surgery, but there is a relative lack of research regarding some of the newer technologies surrounding TLIF. As future studies are published, and technology continues to evolve, surgeons must stay abreast of novel techniques to maximize patient safety and outcomes. Over the coming decade, we can expect intraoperative navigation and robotics to play a more significant role in spine surgery.
Screening antibacterial efficacy and anticancer studies of A. vasica leaf crude extracts for formulation of potential herbal drug

The study was conducted to investigate the medicinal properties and chemical composition of various solvent extracts of Adhatoda vasica (leaves). The in vitro antibacterial activity was assessed by Agar well diffusion method and radical scavenging activity was measured by FRAP assay. The anticancer potential of leaf extracts of A. vasica on human lung epithelial adenocarcinoma cell line (HCC827) were tested by MTT assay. In order to find out the compounds responsible for the medicinal activities, GC-MS analysis was performed. Out of the three extracts subjected to determine the antibacterial activity against the pathogens used in the study, aqueous extract was found to be the best antibacterial agent at the concentration of 0.5mg/100μl. The MIC was tested at various concentrations from 0.5-0.0156 mg/ml for all the plant extracts. MIC/MBC index was also determined and values were less than 4 so all the extracts were bactericidal in nature. The antioxidant powers of all the extracts were assessed and it was concentration dependent. The potency of plant extracts to inhibit the growth of cancerous cell line was recorded in terms of decrease in viable cell count as compared to the control value and it was found to be dose dependent and time dependent. The Phalloidin staining was performed to check the structure of cytoskeleton of control and treated cells. The screening of A. vasica leaves extracts results have shown significant antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer properties due to the presence of therapeutically important constituents which can be used in the development of herbal formulations in treating respiratory diseases.
An Inquiry-Oriented Approach to Undergraduate Mathematics: Contributions to Instructional Design of Differential Equations

If teaching and student learning are to improve, a university teacher should recognize the characteristics of effective teaching. The research literature contains many examples of successful standards and practices for effective teaching that are based on evidence of enhanced student learning. However, many university teachers were never introduced to this knowledge base during their graduate or postdoctoral years and have not acquired this perspective. These instructors may struggle through teaching assignments, often redeveloping techniques and approaches that others already have tested and disseminated. The aims of this paper are to share an innovative approach called “inquiry-oriented” instruction and to point out some constructive ideas on learning and teaching mathematics at the university level. Over the past decades mathematics educators have been moving toward the creation of inquiryoriented learning environments to support student’s meaningful mathematical learning. This paper describes one such effort, referred to as the Inquiry-Oriented Differential Equations (IO-DE) Project, as a case example of how undergraduate mathematics can draw on theoretical and instructional advances initiated at the K-12 level to create and sustain learning environments in which students learn mathematics with understanding. Adapting research efforts from K-12 to the tertiary level is significant in its own right, however, our work also offers insights for further K-12 research, as well as reveal issues of learning and teaching that may be distinctive to the tertiary level. In mathematics classrooms that use a traditional, textbook-dominated approach, effective participation means that students listen to and watch the teacher demonstrate procedures, and then practice what was demonstrated by completing textbook exercises. This prevalent phenomenon of traditional approach to instruction is linked with some general existing ‘myths’ and practices in the teaching of the mathematics at the undergraduate level (Alsina, 2002). In the last two decades, there has been a growth in educational research on undergraduate mathematics education. Research began by investigating student’s learning and understanding of specific mathematical concepts. The results obtained offered convincing evidence of the limitations of traditional teaching practices. The evidence of the gap between what a teacher tells students and what is learned was noted by several researchers (for example, Alibert & Thomas, 1991; McDermott, Rosenquist, & van Zee, 1987; Svec, 1995; Selden & Selden, 1995)
Assessment of histological alterations induced by heavy metal exposure on earthworms

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of heavy metals viz. arsenic and chromium on the vital tissue of tropical earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae i.e. intestine. The earthworms were exposed to 24h with varying concentrations. Chromium was found to cause more deleterious effect, damaging the cellular portion of the intestinal region. In general, earthworms can be used as biomarkers in toxicity studies related to heavy metals at cellular levels and the observed trends could be taken as an early warning to the imminent threats of heavy metal pollution to epigeic earthworm species.
Morphology, morphometry and certain egg quality traits of indigenous ducks of North Eastern region of India

Different morphological and morphometric traits were studied in the indigenous ducks of Northeastern India under field condition namely Pati and Nageswari ducks of Assam, Tripura local ducks of Tripura and Manipur local ducks of Manipur. The recorded body weights (kilogram) at 20 weeks age were 1.040 and 0.990; 1.233 and 1.210; 1.020 and 0.980 and 1.757 and 1.689 in male and female Pati, Nageswari, Tripura Local and Manipur local ducks respectively. The mean length (centimeter) for shank, girth, keel and bill were recorded as 5.675, 31.022, 11.03 and 5.444 in Pati, 6.401, 31.124, 16.132 and 5.89 in Nageswari, 5.640, 30.971, 10.97 and 5.230 in Tripura local and 6.141, 34.000, 12.312 and 6.000 in Manipur local respectively. The average of different egg quality traits namely egg weight, shape index, air cell height, shell thickness, albumen index, yolk index, haugh unit score, yolk colour and yolk weight were observed. The average of egg weight (gram) were 58.03, 61.04, 57.84 and 66.33 for Pati, Nageswari, Tripura local and Manipur local ducks respectively.
SOFT LITHOGRAPHY BASED PRINTED METHYL AMMONIUM IODIDE HYBRID ORGANO METAL PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELL WITHOUT HOLE TRANSPORTING LAYER

Organo-metal halide perovskite (MAPbX3; X=I, Cl, Br) solar cells are emerging as serious candidates for thin film photovoltaics with power conversion efficiencies 19% already exceed. For owing to higher power conversion efficiency by using various methodologies and materials aimed at producing low cost, efficient photovoltaic cells, inorganic–organic lead halide perovskite materials appear particularly promising for next-generation solar devices. To date the highest efficiencies reported for perovskite solar cells so far have been obtained mainly with methyl ammonium lead halide materials. Here, we report perovskite solar cell power conversion efficiency 7.91% achieved without hole transporting layer where the current density, open circuit voltage and fill factor are 17.39 mA/cm, 0.89 V and 51.1% respectively under a standard illumination of 100 milliwatts per square centimeter. This was enabled by the growth of a CH3NH3PbI3 layer with a controlled morphology via a methyl ammonium Iodide solution printed procedure. Printing of a solution of CH3NH3I with different concentrations follows the spin-coating of PbI2, and the morphology of CH3NH3PbI3 is found to strongly depend on the concentration of temperature and solvent evaporation completely. The coverage, pore-filling, and morphology of the deposited perovskite are found to be critical in the photovoltaic performance of the mesoporous TiO2 based perovskite solar cells. Further improvement is expected for this material by applying our method in terms of understanding charge accumulation and transport properties of our devices. Organo lead halide perovskite is now regarded as a fast raising, leading and promising solar cell material, opening new windows in solar cell research.
Noise Reduction of Depth Camera Images using Deep Neural Networks

: Today, infrared sensors or depth sensors are widely used to control applications, games, information acquisition, dynamic and static 3D scenes. Despite the widespread use of these images, their quality is limited to low-quality images, as the infrared sensor does not have high resolution and the images produced by it have noise. Therefore, given the problems and the importance of using 3-D images, the quality of these images should be improved in order to provide accurate images from depth cameras. In this paper, the noise reduction of depth images using convolutional neural networks is considered. A convolutional neural network with a depth of 20 and three layers and a pre-trained neural network is used. We developed the system and tested its performance for two datasets of depth and color images, Middlebury and EURECOM Kinect Face. Results show that for EURECOM Kinect Face images, PSNR improvement is approximately 8 to 15 dB and for Middlebury images the PSNR improvement is about 5 to 14 dB.
FAHPBEP: A Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Framework in Text Classification

With the availability of websites and the growth of comments, reviews of user-generated content published on the Internet. Sentiment Classification is one of the most common problems in text mining, which applies to categorize reviews into positive and negative classes. Pre-processing has an important role when these textual contexts employed by machine learning techniques. Without efficient pre-processing methods, unreliable results will achieve. This research probes to investigate the performance of pre-processing for the Sentiment Classification problem on three popular datasets. We suggest a high-performance framework to enhance classification performance. First, features of user's opinions are extracted based on three methods: (1) Backward Feature Selection; (2) High Correlation Filter; and (3) Low Variance Filter. Second, the error rate of the primary classification for each method calculated through the perceptron. Finally, the best method selected through the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. This framework is beneficial for companies to observe people's comments about their brands and for many other applications. The current authors have provided further evidence to confirm the superiority of the proposed framework. The obtained results indicate that on average this proposed framework outperformed its counterparts. This framework yields 90.63 precision, 90.89 accuracy, 91.27 recall, and 91.05% f-measure.