Dually-Polarized Microwave Components Based on Polarization-Selective Coupling for Green Wireless Systems

RESUME Avec le developpement rapide et continu de technologies et de reseaux sans fil de nouvelle generation tels que la 5G et avec les ressources limitees d'energie et de spectre disponibles pour soutenir ces developpements sans fil rapides, l'exploration des bandes millimetriques sous-utilisees devient incontournable. Il devient de plus en plus crucial de se concentrer sur la reduction de la consommation d'energie dans les futurs systemes sans fil. Le moyen le plus efficace de reception d'energie d'onde electromagnetique est de capturer completement les deux composantes orthogonales de son vecteur de champ de propagation en relation avec la diversite de polarisation. De plus, l'utilisation d'ondes bi-polarisees permet l'amelioration d'une capacite de transmission via la reception simultanee de deux canaux orthogonaux. Cette these montre comment proposer et exploiter le concept tres original de la diversite de polarisation sur la bande de frequences mmW qui a ete assignee aux applications sans fil. Auparavant, la diversite de polarisation etait mise en oeuvre dans des profils non planaires, ce qui compliquait son integration avec l'application de carte de circuit imprime (PCB). Par consequent, la motivation principale de cette these est de mettre en oeuvre la diversite de polarisation dans les profils planaires aux bandes de frequence recemment assignees autour de 28 GHz et 38 GHz pour etre integree dans la cinquieme generation (5G) de communication sans fil. Ceci est fait en developpant la theorie du fonctionnement et de la procedure de conception des composants MMW a double polarisation. La nouveaute presentee dans ce travail de these reside dans le developpement d'un principe de fonctionnement permettant de concevoir et de mettre en evidence une classe de composants mmW bi-polarises, a savoir les coupleurs 3dB, les coupleurs 0dB et les dephaseurs. Cela permet le developpement de reseaux de formation de faisceau bi-polarises tels que la matrice de Butler et les systemes de teledetection a polarisation, bases sur une jonction a six ports a double polarisation. Une procedure de conception analytique complete est presentee avec des verifications a travers des simulations pleine onde et des mesures de prototypes. La diversite de polarisation a ete un facteur essentiel dans la performance et l'amelioration de la capacite de divers systemes sans fil, y compris les reseaux cellulaires. Par consequent, la conception et le developpement de structures d'alimentation d'antenne bi-polarisees dans la bande mmW sont indispensables. ----------ABSTRACT With the rapid and continuous development of new generation wireless technologies and networks such as 5G and with the limited enabling energy and spectrum resources available in support of such fast-moving wireless developments, exploring the underutilized millimeter-wave (mmW) bands becomes inescapable. It becomes more and more crucial to focus on the reduction of energy use in future wireless systems. The most efficient way of electromagnetic wave energy reception is to fully capture the two orthogonal components of its propagating field vector in connection with polarization diversity. In addition, the use of dually-polarized waves allows the enhancement of a transmission capability via the simultaneous reception of two orthogonal channels. This thesis shows how to propose and exploit the highly original concept of polarization diversity over the mmW frequency band which has been assigned for wireless applications. Previously, the polarization diversity was implemented within non-planar profiles which complicates its integration with the printed circuit board (PCB) application. Therefore, the main motivation of this thesis is to implement the polarization diversity within planar profiles at the recently assigned frequency bands around 28 GHz and 38 GHz to be suitable for integration in the fifth generation (5G) of wireless communication. This is done by developing the theory of operation and design procedure of dually-polarized mmW components. The novelty presented in this thesis work lies in developing a principle of operation to come up with the design and demonstration of a class of dually-polarized mmW components, namely 3dB couplers, 0dB couplers and phase shifters. This allows the development of dually-polarized beamforming networks such as Butler matrix and polarization-inclusive remote sensing systems based on a dually-polarized six-port junction. A full analytical design procedure is presented with verifications through full-wave simulations and prototype measurements. Polarization diversity has been an essential factor in the performance and capacity enhancement of various wireless systems including cellular networks. Accordingly, the design and development of dually-polarized antenna feeding structures in the mmW band is a must. Firstly, as the basic dual-polarized device, a compact orthomode transducer (OMT) design in the Ka-band is proposed. The novelty of the proposed OMT stems from a distinct concept of handling dually-polarized signals based on a polarization selective coupler (PSC).