Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PID Parameters Improvement for AGC in Three Parallel-Connected Power Systems

In this research, the automatic generation control (AGC) of three parallel-connected power plants is utilized to tune the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller using Multistart algorithm (MS). The AGC loop is used to minimize the frequency deviation and control the power exchange in order to maintain them at their scheduled values due to the changes of the step-load disturbance. The optimal parameters of the PID scheme optimized by the proposed MS algorithm are compared with that one’s obtained by GA algorithm, and the proposed method has proven that its performance is more efficient and improved as well. Integral Square Error (ISE) is considered as an objective function for both algorithms to determine its performance index value for the same parallel-connected power system. From combination sets MS_PID_ISE and GA_PID_ISE; the settling time, maximum deviation and peak time are analyzed and compared in the time domain. Based on the simulated results, MS_ISE has better settling time, lesser peak time, and lower maximum deviation as compared with GA_ISE. Both of MS and GA algorithms are coded using MATLAB software.
Title Incorporating Model Uncertainty into Spatial Predictions Permalink

We consider a modeling approach for spatially distributed data. We are concerned with aspects of statistical inference for Gaussian random fields when the ultimate objective is to predict the value of the random field at unobserved locations. However the exact statistical model is seldom known before hand and is usually estimated from the very same data relative to which the predictions are made. Our objective is to assess the effect of the fact that the model is estimated, rather than known, on the prediction and the associated prediction uncertainty. We describe a method for achieving this objective. We, in essence, consider the best linear unbiased prediction procedure based on the model within a Bayesian framework. These ideas are implemented for the spring temperature over the region in the northern United States based on the stations in the United States historical climatological network reported in Karl, Williams, Quinlan & Boden (1990).
Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Ni and Carbon Coated Ni by Levitational Gas Condensation (LGC)

The nickel (Ni), and carbon coated nickel (Ni@C) nanoparticles were synthesized by levitaional gas condensation (LGC) methods using a micron powder feeding (MPF) system. Both metal and carbon coated metal nano powders include a magnetic ordered phase. The synthesis by LGC yields spherical particles with a large coercivity. The abnormal initial magnetization curve for Ni indicates a non-collinear magnetic structure between the core and surface layer of the particles. The carbon coated particles had a core structure diameter at and below 10 nm and were covered by 2-3 nm thin carbon layers. The hysteresis loop of the as-prepared Ni@Cs materials with unsaturated magnetization shows a superparamagnetic state at room temperature.
Balancing generativity and control when developing digital platforms in product development firms A qualitative case study of Volvo Cars

Digitalization has affected the essence of products, services and operation which has made a large impact on product development. Traditional product development firms, such as automotive manufacturers, normally undergo a four to five year life-cycle which nowadays is causing products to look old before even entering the market. Firms nowadays innovate by creating platforms rather than single products, as a way to exploit the flexible and open affordances enabled by digitalization. However, managing digital platforms and multi-sided markets entails a lot of strategic challenges and platform providers are struggling to establish and sustain their multi-sided markets. There are always contradictions between maintaining control over the platform and at the same time stimulating third party developers to join the platform and develop new applications. This thesis therefore aims to investigate such contradictions when managing digital platforms. The research question is: How do product developing firms balance generativity and control when developing digital platforms? This study was conducted through several interviews with employees at Volvo Cars, who are in charge of developing and building platform strategies. The three digital platforms Sensus Connect, Connected Vehicle Cloud, and Roam Delivery were analyzed in this study. To get an understanding of how product development firms develop their digital platforms the Competing Value Framework (CVF) was used in order to analyze existing contradictions between flexibility and control, and between internal and external focus. With the help of the CVF, the analysis showed that the different digital platforms were all founded in different quadrants. This implied that by having multiple platforms in each quadrant in the CVF, it gives a product development firm the opportunity to balance generativity and control.
Use of the ‘Food Vacuole Content’ Method to Estimate Grazing by the Mixotrophic Dinoflagellate Gyrodinium Galatheanum on Cryptophytes

We measured in situ grazing rates of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Gyrodinium galatheanum (Braarud) Taylor 1995 on populations of phycoerythrin-containing cryptophytes in Chesapeake Bay. Rates were estimated from instantaneous food vacuole contents, in situ temperatures, cryptophyte abundances and experimentally determined digestion rates. Laboratory digestion experiments showed that specific digestion rate constants increased sigmoidally with temperature, but were unrelated to the initial food vacuole content when it was <0.46 cryptophytes dinoflagellate‐1. These results allowed us to establish an empirical model to estimate in situ ingestion of cryptophyte prey by G. galatheanum. The estimated rates ranged from 0 to 0.26 cryptophytes dinoflagellate‐1 day‐1, corresponding to daily ingestion of 0‐12.29 pg carbon, 0‐2.48 pg nitrogen and 0‐0.34 pg phosphorus dinoflagellate‐1. Estimated daily consumption of cryptophyte biomass by G. galatheanum was equivalent to 0‐12% of body carbon, 0‐13% of body nitrogen and 0‐21% of body phosphorus. Estimated in situ clearance rates for cryptophytes ranged from 0 to 0.27 µl dinoflagellate ‐1 day ‐1 , representing daily removal of 0‐4% of the cryptophyte standing stock. Although G. galatheanum may increase its growth rate through phagotrophy, it appears to have little grazing impact on cryptophyte prey populations.
Temporal trends in vent fl uid iron and sul fi de chemistry following the 2005 / 2006 eruption at East Paci fi c Rise , 9 50 0

[1] The chemistry of vent fluids that emanate to the seafloor undergoes dramatic changes after volcanic eruptions. Data on these changes are still limited, but the best studied example is the East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 9 500N, where the temporal evolution of the vent fluid chemistry after the 1991/1992 eruption was documented. The area underwent another eruption sequence during late 2005/early 2006, and here we show that a similar evolution is recurring in the iron and sulfide contents of the high-temperature fluids sampled in June 2006, January 2007, and June 2008. The vents have had increasing dissolved iron and decreasing acid-volatile sulfide (free sulfide plus FeS) concentrations with 1 order of magnitude variation. In addition, chromium reducible sulfide (mainly pyrite) also had fivefold decreasing concentrations over the 3 years. Our results confirm a pattern that was noted only once before for 9 500N EPR and emphasize the dramatic yearly variability in the concentrations of iron-sulfur species emanating from vents.
When the Reaper becomes a Salesman. The influence of Terror Management on product preferences

The present research investigates how consumer choice is affected by Terror Management Theoryâ€™s proposition of Mortality Salience increasing oneâ€™s cultural worldview defense and self-esteem striving. The study builds empirically upon prior theorizing by Arndt, Solomon, Kasser and Sheldon (2004). During an experiment, we manipulated Mortality Salience and measured product preferences for conspicuousness and familiarity. Participants primed with death were more likely to choose conspicuous products, corroborating previous research of mortality salience raising materialistic tendencies. In addition, participants showed a tendency to prefer familiar brands. These results are in line with the Terror Management Theory framework.
OCCURRENCE OF WEED SPECIES IN Jatropha curcas INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS

This study aimed to evaluate the level of infestation by weed species in a consolidated Jatropha plantation, as a function of the plant species grown in interrows. The experiment was installed in 2006 at the district of Itahum, city of Dourados, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, made possible through a partnership between Embrapa Western Agriculture and Paraiso Farm. Treatments consisted of (1) Jatropha in monocrop, with no plant at the interrrows; or the following plants cultivaded at the interrows of Jatropha: (2) Stylosanthes spp. ; (3) Brachiaria ruziziensis; (4) Brachiaria ruziziensis + Stylosanthess pp.; (5) Brachiaria humidicola; (6) Panicum maximum cv. massai; (7) Cajanus cajan cv. anão; (8) Crotalaria spectabilis; (9) Crop rotation system 1 – (maize second crop Crambe abyssinica soybean – peanut); and (10) Crop rotation system 2 – (cowpea radish maize – cowpea) conducted for two years. Phytosociological characterization of weed species was accomplished in 2011 based on the Ecological Approach. Estimations of relative abundance, frequency, dominance and Importance Value Index were obtained. Areas were also characterized by the diversity coefficients of Simpson and modified Shannon-Weiner, and then grouped by cluster analysis. Areas with low soil coverage resulted in higher infestation levels; crop rotation in the interrows of Jatropha produced a significant reduction in weed infestation, but the lowest infestation levels were observed when grasses were grown intercropped with Jatropha. Lower diversity coefficients were associated with occurrence of the most troublesome weed species. In the first years after planting Jatropha, species of Brachiaria or a crop rotation involving species with high mulching ability and whose biomass exhibit a high C:N ratio, should be established in the interrows to avoid problems with weeds infestation.
An eBusiness Design and Evaluation Framework - Consideration of Options from an Entrepreneurial, Technical and Operational Perspective

The development of business models for eBusiness is helpful in allowing researchers and practitioners to organise their thoughts about different eBusiness options. However, it can be argued that many of the business models for eBusiness are static in nature and only provide a historical view. Indeed, these models are of limited value in providing guidance as to how to link the broad strategic concept with the detail of the required business processes in the operating eBusiness. This paper draws upon the emergent knowledge of eBusiness models together with traditional strategy theory to provide a simple integrating framework for the evaluation and assessment of business models for eBusiness. The framework allows for the simultaneous reflection of both topdown and bottom-up perspectives. That is, an entrepreneurial view based on the identification of a market need or business opportunity triggering the search for appropriate delivery mechanisms. In contrast, a technical view which builds up from an internal review of business process and ICT resources and capabilities which could suggest new electronically-based business options. Moreover, the paper provides a simple framework for the evaluation of possible business processes and business solutions.
Optimal Feedback Guidance of a Small Aerial Vehicle in the Presence of Stochastic Wind

The navigation of a small unmanned aerial vehicle is challenging due to a large influence of wind to its kinematics. When the kinematic model is reduced to two dimensions, it has the form of the Dubins kinematic vehicle model. Consequently, this paper addresses the problem of minimizing the expected time required to drive a Dubins vehicle to a prescribed target set in the presence of a stochastically varying wind. First, two analytically-derived control laws are presented. One control law does not consider the presence of the wind, whereas the other assumes that the wind is constant and known a priori. In the latter case it is assumed that the prevailing wind is equal to its mean value; no information about the variations of the wind speed and direction is available. Next, by employing numerical techniques from stochastic optimal control, feedback control strategies are computed. These anticipate the stochastic variation of the wind and drive the vehicle to its target set while minimizing the expected time of arrival. The analysis and numerical simulations show that the analytically-derived de-
Nanoscale magnetometry using a single-spin system in diamond

We propose a protocol to estimate magnetic fields using a single nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) center in diamond, where the estimate precision scales inversely with time, ~1/T$, rather than the square-root of time. The method is based on converting the task of magnetometry into phase estimation, performing quantum phase estimation on a single N-V nuclear spin using either adaptive or nonadaptive feedback control, and the recently demonstrated capability to perform single-shot readout within the N-V [P. Neumann et. al., Science 329, 542 (2010)]. We present numerical simulations to show that our method provides an estimate whose precision scales close to ~1/T (T is the total estimation time), and moreover will give an unambiguous estimate of the static magnetic field experienced by the N-V. By combining this protocol with recent proposals for scanning magnetometry using an N-V, our protocol will provide a significant decrease in signal acquisition time while providing an unambiguous spatial map of the magnetic field.
Empir ical ly Evaluating Multiagent Reinforcement Learning Algor i thms in Repeated Games

This dissertation presents a platform for running experiments on multiagent reinforcement learning algorithms and an empirical evaluation that was conducted on the platform. The setting under consideration is game theoretic in which a single normal form game is repeatedly played. There has been a large body of work focusing on introducing new algorithms to achieve certain goals such as guaranteeing values in a game, converging to a Nash equilibrium or minimizing total regret. Currently, we have an understanding of how some of these algorithms work in limited settings, but lack a broader understanding of which algorithms perform well against each other and how they perform on a larger variety of games. We describe our development of a platform that allows large scale tests to be run, where multiple algorithms are played against one another on a variety of games. The platform has a set of builtin metrics that can be used to measure the performance of an algorithm, including convergence to a Nash equilibrium, regret, reward and number of wins. Visualising the results of the test can be automatically achieved through the platform, with all interaction taking place through graphical user interfaces. We also present the results of an empirical test that to our knowledge includes the largest combination of game instances and algorithms used in the multiagent learning literature. To demonstrate the usefulness of the platform, we provide evidence for a number of claims and hypotheses. This includes claims related to convergence to a Nash equilibrium, reward, regret and best response metrics and claims dealing with estimating an opponent's strategy. Some of our claims include that (1) no algorithm does best across all metrics and over all opponents, (2) algorithms do not often converge to an exact Nash equilibrium, but (3) do often reach a small window around a Nash equilibrium, (4) there is no apparent link between converging to a Nash equilibrium and obtaining high reward and (5) there is no linear trend between reward and the size of the game for any agent. The two major contributions of this work are a software platform for running large experimental tests and empirical results that provide insight into the performance of various algorithms.
Effectiveness of Education Module Implementation on Increasing Islamic Financial Literacy and Halal Literacy of MSMEs Perpetrators

This research was conducted to measure the impact of the implementation of Islamic Financial Literacy Education Module and Halal Product for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The population in this study is the perpetrators of SMEs that run their business in the region of Yogyakarta Special Region. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling so that the sample used is 60 with the division of 30 experimental group and 30 people as the control group. Development of media using ADDIE model. Educational module has been through the phase of analysis, design, development, and implementation of MSMEs. At the evaluation stage, measurements are made to the perpetrators of SMEs with paired t test. The results of effectiveness test show the use of Islamic Financial Literacy Education Module and Halal Product can increase Islamic financial literacy and halal literacy of MSMEs perpetrators. Increased Islamic financial literacy and halal literacy can be seen from the average score before and after the use of Islamic financial literacy learning module and halal literacy. The conclusion of this research is a module with an important syariah theme done to provide ease in the transfer of knowledge of Islamic financial management and halal literacy for MSMEs.
An investigation of the Causality Relation between Gold Futures and Spot Price Volatilities in Iran

Financial markets have determinant role in the countries' economy, and also greatly influence prosperity and recession of their economy. One of the most important financial markets, are the futures markets which are in connection with spot markets. The reason for their close relationship is the fast information transmission between two markets which, volatility in one markets cause the leading changes in another. In similar vein, this study aims to investigate causality between gold futures and spot price volatilities in Iran. Thus far, in localized perspective, although, similar endeavors have been undertaken to scrutinize this significant issue, the volatilities between Gold Futures and Spot Price remained as an unnoticed issue. Building this oversight, this study is a first attempt which investigates causality relation between gold spot and futures price volatilities through "Granjer causality" econometrics method as a main pattern of the research and also GARCH method as a subsidiary one. The data pertain to gold spot and daily prices of futures time-series in the time limit of August 2011 that encompasses 341 data. The results obtained from Granjer causality confirmed the meaningful volatility spillover in 99%confidence level form spot to futures market. In other words, the gold spot market is the causality futures market and the volatilities transfer from gold spot market to futures. Hence, one can use the volatilitis of gold spot market to predict the futures volatilities. Moreover, at the time of volatilities in the spot market one can use these volatilities to specify futures volatilities behavior as well.
Clustering and decomposition for non-BPS solutions of the CP N -1 models

We look at solutions [both Bogomol’nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS) and non-BPS] of the CPN−1 model on R×S1 (with twisted boundary conditions), in particular by using a conformal mapping technique, and we show how to interpret these solutions by decomposing them into expressions describing constituent solitons. We point out the problems that may arise (for non-BPS solutions) when one naively looks at the clustering properties of these solutions. This could lead to misunderstandings when studying extrapolations between small and large compactification radii.
An Ensemble Recommender System for e-Commerce

In our ongoing work we extend the Thompson Sampling (TS) bandit policy for orchestrating the collection of base recommendation algorithms for e-Commerce. We focus on the problem of item-to-item recommendations, for which multiple behavioral and contentbased predictors are provided to an ensemble learner. The extended TS-based policy must be able to handle situations when bandit arms are non-stationary and non-answering. Furthermore, we investigate the effects of priming the sampler with pre-set parameters of reward distributions by analyzing the product catalog and/or event history, when such information is available. We report our preliminary results based on the analysis of two real-world e-Commerce datasets.
Informe preliminar

La teoría de la degeneración propuesta por Hirsch y colaboradores sostiene que una nutrición insuficiente y la presencia de factores traumáticos combinados con una propensión genética y hormonal, provocan un efecto deshidratante y ruptura anular discal, combinando la degeneración con incremento del metabolismo del lactato, disminución del pH y acumulación de enzimas proteolíticas que conlleva a necrosis de los condrocitos. La disminución en la hidratación se trasforma en menor resistencia del disco para carga de peso axial.1,2 Las funciones primarias del disco intervertebral son permitir la flexibilidad, el movimiento articular entre los cuerpos verteResumen
Banking supervision and nonperforming loans: a cross-country analysis

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyse the cross-countries determinants of nonperforming loans (NPLs), the potential impact of supervisory devices, and institutional environment on credit risk exposure. Design/methodology/approach - The paper employs aggregate banking, financial, economic, and legal environment data for a panel of 59 countries over the period 2002-2006. It develops a comprehensive model to explain differences in the level of NPLs between countries. To assess the role of regulatory supervision on credit risk, the paper uses several interactions between institutional features and regulatory devices. Findings - The empirical results indicate that higher capital adequacy ratio (CAR) and prudent provisioning policy seems to reduce the level of problem loans. The paper also reports a desirable impact of private ownership, foreign participation, and bank concentration. However, the findings do not support the view that market discipline leads to better economic outcomes. All regulatory devices do not significantly reduce problem loans for countries with weak institutions, corrupt environment, and little democracy. Finally, the paper shows that the effective way to reduce bad loans is through strengthening the legal system and increasing transparency and democracy, rather than focusing on regulatory and supervisory issues. Practical implications - First, higher CARs results in less credit exposures. Second, international regulators should continue their efforts to enhance financial development. The results suggest that foreign participation plays an important role in reducing credit exposure of financial institutions. However, in developed countries, foreign entry led to more problem loans. Finally, to reduce credit risk exposure in countries with weak institutions, the effective way to do it is through enhancing the legal system, strengthening institutions, and increasing transparency and democracy. Originality/value - The paper contributes to the literature on banking regulation and supervision. It examines aggregated data which best reflect the level of NPL of the banks in a country as opposed to individual data included in databases that suffer from the problem of representativeness. It considers the impact of regulatory variables after controlling for bank industry factors that alter primarily problem loans. Finally, the paper examines the effectiveness of regulation through the inclusion of institutional factors.