Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved QRD-M Detection Algorithm for Generalized Spatial Modulation Scheme

Generalized spatial modulation (GSM) is a spectral and energy efficient multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission scheme. It will lead to imperfect detection performance with relatively high computational complexity by directly applying the original QR-decomposition with M algorithm (QRD-M) to the GSM scheme. In this paper an improved QRD-M algorithm is proposed for GSM signal detection, which achieves near-optimal performance but with relatively low complexity. Based on the QRD, the improved algorithm firstly transforms the maximum likelihood (ML) detection of the GSM signals into searching an inverted tree structure. Then, in the searching process of the branches, the branches corresponding to the illegitimate transmit antenna combinations (TACs) and related to invalid number of active antennas are cut in order to improve the validity of the resultant branches at each level by taking advantage of characteristics of GSM signals. Simulation results show that the improved QRD-M detection algorithm provides similar performance to maximum likelihood (ML) with the reduced computational complexity compared to the original QRD-M algorithm, and the optimal value of parameter of the improved QRD-M algorithm for detection of the GSM scheme is equal to modulation order plus one.
Experimental determination of the main features of the viscous flow in the wake of a circular cylinder in uniform translation. Part 2. Unsteady flow

The plane flow induced by the impulsive start of a circular cylinder previously at rest in a still fluid is investigated experimentally by a visualization technique. The details of the flow field at the different stages of its establishment are pointed out, and the effect of the wall upon the evolution of the flow in time is examined. Photographs of the flow patterns are presented. This study corresponds to that range of Reynolds numbers for which a closed wake exists and adheres stably to the cylinder.
The DEVBOX development education platform : an environment for introducing Verilog to young students

Hardware description languages are considered to be challenging to learn, as are the logic design concepts required to effectively use them. University logic design courses are considered by many to be much more difficult than their software development counterparts and the subject is not generally addressed by pre-university curricula. Introducing hardware description earlier in a student’s career will improve their chances of success in future logic design courses. The barrier-to-entry faced in introducing hardware description, caused by complex development environments and the learning of fundamental logic design concepts, must be overcome in order to facilitate a self-directed and interactive educational environment for young students. DEVBOX, an embedded System-on-Chip programming education platform, simplifies the learning process with its bare-bones development tools and interactive instructional material. It has been designed to be a self-contained, installation-free educational device with a browser-based interface that is self explanatory and easy to use. By including Verilog, a popular hardware description language, alongside the software programming languages in its repertoire, DEVBOX caters to the needs of introductory and intermediate logic design students in a dynamic self-directed learning environment.
Application of biologically inspired "Pop-Up'' feather style high lift device on micro aerial vehicles

Recent years saw the increase in relevance of Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) in both civilian and military applications. One of the more attractive feature of MAV is the lower cost and ease of transport due to its smaller size; however, the size and weight of the MAV also limited the forms of high lift device that could be applied to the vehicle to increase its operating envelope. One of the devices proposed is the “Pop-Up” feather type passive high lift device (passive flap), a design based on observation of bird feathers during landing. The primary objective of the current research is to investigate the performance of passive flap when applied to the lower operating Reynolds number of MAVs (Re = 40, 000) and establish the CFD and experimental procedure for optimization of passive flap design for application on MAV. To that end, two simulation procedures were developed: one using steadystate solver and optimization algorithm to seek the equilibrium flap angle; the other directly solves for the movement of the flap based on forces acting on the flap and the flap inertia. The solutions from the resulting solvers agrees favorably with existing water tunnel experimental lift data for 2D airfoil with and without passive flap, and while the solutions were not fully validated for detailed flow features, they could be used to supplement the experimental data to better evaluate the impact of different flap size (cf ) and flap position (xf ) on the performance of the flap under 2D settings. On the other hand, it was recognized that three-dimensional flow features could have major impact on the performance of the flap, namely the wing-tip vortex which alters the effective angle of attack along the span of the wing. As no prior studies on the application of passive flap on finite wing existed, wind tunnel studies were performed at Re = 40, 000 on a rectangular wing model with varying size of flaps spanning from the center-line of the wing (bf ); finite wing simulations were also performed to obtain visualization on flow structure around the wing, though further validation of the 3D results needs to be left for future work. It should be noted that there remains outstanding issues to be addressed in the future. Some anomalous results show that the numerical discretization requires a body fitted mesh in the near wall region and further validation work is required to assert accuracy. While some mean aerodynamic characteristics may agree well between the numerical and experimental results, the computed detailed flow behavior along the airfoil surface regions will require further validation. In particular, the experimental diagnostics were only limited to measurements of the integrated quantities of lift.
Discharge current from coated wire to GMR head

A GMR head for magnetic recording is an extremely sensitive device and is easily affected by electrostatic discharge (ESD). It was found that a coated wire can generate electrostatic voltage which a high peak current can discharge to the ground. When connecting a coated wire to a GMR head, the electrostatic charge on the wire transfers to the GMR head with sufficient peak current to cause ESD damage.
Data Mining with Clustering Algorithms to Reduce Packaging Costs: A Case Study

Reducing package‐related cost is essential for various companies and institutions. Different packages are usually designed separately for each and every product, which results in less cost‐effective packaging systems. In this study, a data mining model with three clustering algorithms was developed to modularize a packaging system by reducing the variety of packaging sizes. The three algorithms were k‐means clustering, agglomerative hierarchical clustering and self‐organizing feature map. The package models with similar shapes and sizes were clustered automatically and replaced by one package model with a size that suited them all. The study also analysed the financial effects including the purchasing and inventory costs of the package material and the transportation cost of the packaged products. The case study was carried out at Ericsson to select the best clustering algorithm of the three and to test the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed model. The results show that the packaging system modularized by the agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm is more cost‐effective in this case compared with the ones modularized by the other two clustering algorithms and with the one without modularization. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct numerical simulations of bubbly flows Part 2. Moderate Reynolds number arrays

Direct numerical simulations of the motion of two- and three-dimensional finite Reynolds number buoyant bubbles in a periodic domain are presented. The full Navier–Stokes equations are solved by a finite difference/front tracking method that allows a fully deformable interface between the bubbles and the ambient fluid and the inclusion of surface tension. The rise Reynolds numbers are around 20–30 for the lowest volume fraction, but decrease as the volume fraction is increased. The rise of a regular array of bubbles, where the relative positions of the bubbles are fixed, is compared with the evolution of a freely evolving array. Generally, the freely evolving array rises slower than the regular one, in contrast to what has been found earlier for low Reynolds number arrays. The structure of the bubble distribution is examined and it is found that while the three-dimensional bubbles show a tendency to line up horizontally, the two-dimensional bubbles are nearly randomly distributed. The effect of the number of bubbles in each period is examined for the two-dimensional system and it is found that although the rise Reynolds number is nearly independent of the number of bubbles, the velocity fluctuations in the liquid (the Reynolds stresses) increase with the size of the system. While some aspects of the fully three-dimensional flows, such as the reduction in the rise velocity, are predicted by results for two-dimensional bubbles, the structure of the bubble distribution is not. The magnitude of the Reynolds stresses is also greatly over-predicted by the two-dimensional results.
A hyperthermophilic phage decoration protein suggests common A hyperthermophilic phage decoration protein suggests common evolutionary origin with Herpesvirus Triplex proteins and an anti- evolutionary origin with Herpesvirus Triplex proteins and an anti-CRISPR protein [preprint] CRISPR protein [pre

Virus capsid proteins reproducibly self-assemble into regularly-shaped, stable shells that protect the viral genome from external environmental assaults, while maintaining the high internal pressure of the tightly packaged viral genome. To elucidate how capsids maintain stability under harsh conditions, we investigated the capsid components of a hyperthermophilic virus, phage P74-26. We determined the structure of a capsid protein gp87 and show that it has the same fold as trimeric decoration proteins that enhance the structural stability of capsids in many other phage, despite lacking significant sequence homology. We also find that gp87 is significantly more stable than its mesophilic homologs, reflecting the high temperature environment in which phage P74-26 thrives. Our analysis of the gp87 structure reveals that the core domain of the decoration protein is conserved in trimeric capsid components across numerous dsDNA viruses, including human pathogens such as Herpesviruses. Moreover, this core β-barrel domain is found in the anti-CRISPR protein AcrIIC1, which suggests a mechanism for the evolution of this broad spectrum Cas9 inhibitor. Our work illustrates the principles for increased stability of a thermophilic decoration protein, and extends the evolutionary reach of the core trimeric decoration protein fold. gp87 and the β-tulip domain alone were performed using NCBI BLAST, DALI protein structure comparison server, and NCBI Vector Alignment Search Tool (VAST)[50,51]. Structure-based sequence alignment between P74-26 gp87 and  gpD was performed using the PDBeFold program (EMBL-EBI - www.ebi.ac.uk/msd-srv/ssm/). Multiple sequence alignments with homologous proteins were performed using the Clustal Omega program (EMBL-EBI - www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/clustalo/). C α RMSD and Z-score calculations for full-length protein and β-Tulip domain alignments were determined using PDBeFold. Surface area calculations for gp87, gpD, and SHP were performed using the program InterProSurf (http://curie.utmb.edu/prosurf). ILVF cluster analysis of hydrophobic networks gp87 and gpD was performed using the program BASiC
ThymusClonal Deletion in an Unmanipulated Cutting Edge: Identification of the Targets of

Autoreactive thymocytes can be eliminated by clonal deletion during their development in the thymus. The precise developmental stage(s) at which clonal deletion occurs in a normal thymus has been difficult to assess, in large part because of the absence of a specific marker for TCR-medi-ated apoptosis. In this report, we reveal that Nur77 expression can be used as a specific marker of clonal deletion in an unmanipulated thymus and directly identify TCR int CD4 (cid:1) CD8 (cid:1) and semimature CD4 (cid:1) CD8 (cid:2) thymocytes as the principal targets of deletion. These data indicate that clonal deletion normally occurs at a relatively late stage of development, as cells mature from CD4 (cid:1) CD8 (cid:1) thymocytes to single-positive T cells. The Journal of Immunology, 2003, 170: 10–13. (3, CD8 CD4 CD8 stage of development the CD4 single-positive stage of development
ESL INSTRUCTORS AND LEARNERS’ VIEWS ON THE USE OF DROPBOX AS A SHARING TOOL IN WRITING LESSONS

Many researchers have been investigating ways to improve learners’ writing competency through various strategies. However, there are very few, if any, that look into ESL learners’ participation in an online discussion using Dropbox during writing lessons. How learners and instructors perceive the use of Dropbox for writing activities has also not been well informed. Therefore, this article aims to present a study that investigated the online interactions among 54 learners and two instructors from a local university in Malaysia who used Dropbox as a complementary tool in their English writing lessons. The study was a qualitative research which involved interviews and focus groups. The data collected was analysed using a qualitative data analysis software, Atlas.ti version 7. The findings revealed that instructors and learners had positive views towards the use of Dropbox in a writing lesson. It was also found that instructors and learners agreed Dropbox was an effective sharing tool for collaborative writing. The findings, however, pointed to the need for future studies on various ways Dropbox can be used to keep learners’ motivation high. Keywords: Dropbox, ESL learners, online interactions, sharing tools, writing skills Cite as: Mohamed, M. & Bahari, A.A. (2016). ESL instructors and learners’ views on the use of Dropbox as a sharing tool in writing lessons. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 1 (2), 1-10. http://dx.doi. org/10.24200/jonus.vol1iss2pp1-10
A WELL EFFICIENT INTELLIGENT SYSTEM BASED ON TRANSPORTATION

There is a lot of advancement takes place in the system with respect to the well effective strategy of the congestion based problems oriented with respect to the traffic based strategy is a primary concern respectively. With the rapid advancement in the technology based aspect related to the well efficient strategy of the scenario in which there is a lot of increase in the population takes place in the system in a well effective manner followed by the problem related aspect of the strategy related to the scenario of the economy related problems in a well oriented fashion respectively. There is a rapid growth in the infrastructure based phenomena in which where there is a less improvement compared to the study oriented strategy related to the well known aspect of the structural aspect in a well efficient fashion of the large improvisation in the increase in the number of the vehicles in a well effective manner respectively. Here mainly the problem takes place in the behavior of the roads oriented strategy is with respect to the phenomena of the increase in the vehicles and the reduction of the area based aspect followed by the and also the constraints related to the cost based based factor lays a major role in its strategy respectively. In the next scenario oriented strategy where the traffic related to the aspect of the roads of the Indian based strategy in a well efficient manner followed by the chaotic based analysis takes place by the help of the lane based strategy in a well efficient manner and it is completely different from the analysis oriented aspect of the strategy related to the traffic based on the western phenomena in a well oriented fashion respectively. Experiments have been conducted on the present method and a number of analysis is made on the large number of the data set in a well efficient fashion followed by the evaluation of the performance based strategy followed by the outcome of the entire system in a well oriented fashion respectively.
Exploring the Effects of Higher-Fidelity Display and Interaction for Virtual Reality Games

In recent years, consumers have witnessed a technological revolution that has delivered morerealistic experiences in their own homes. Expanding technologies have provided larger displays with higher resolutions, faster refresh rates, and stereoscopic capabilities. These advances have increased the level of display fidelity—the objective degree of exactness with which real-world sensory stimuli are reproduced by a display system. Similarly, the latest generation of video game systems (e.g., Nintendo Wii and Xbox Kinect) with their natural, gesture-based interactions have delivered increased levels of interaction fidelity— the objective degree of exactness with which real-world interactions can be reproduced in an interactive system. Though this technological revolution has provided more realistic experiences, it is not completely clear how increased display fidelity and interaction fidelity impact the user experience because the effects of increasing fidelity to the real world have not been empirically established. The goal of this dissertation is to provide a better understanding of the effects of both display fidelity and interaction fidelity on the user experience. For the context of our research, we chose virtual reality (VR) games because immersive VR allows for high levels of fidelity to be achieved while games usually involve complex, performance-intensive tasks. In regard to the user experience, we were concerned with objective performance metrics and subjective responses such as presence, engagement, perceived usability, and overall preferences. We conducted five systematically controlled studies that evaluated display and interaction fidelity at contrasting levels in order to gain a better understanding of their effects. In our first study, which involved a 3D object manipulation game within a three-sided CAVE, we found that stereoscopy and the total size of the visual field surrounding the user (i.e., field of regard or FOR) did not have a significant effect on manipulation times but two high-fidelity interaction techniques based on six degrees-of-freedom (DOF) input outperformed a low-fidelity technique based on keyboard and mouse input. In our second study, which involved a racing game on a commercial game console, we solely investigated interaction fidelity and found that two lowfidelity steering techniques based on 2D joystick input outperformed two high-fidelity steering techniques based on 3D accelerometer data in terms of lap times and driving errors.
Investigation of Primary Causes of Load-Related Cracking in Asphalt Concrete Pavement in North Carolina

PARK, HONG JOON. Investigation of Primary Causes of Cracking in Asphalt Concrete Pavements in North Carolina. (Under the direction of Dr. Y. Richard Kim). This dissertation presents causes of cracking in asphalt concrete pavement in North Carolina through field investigation and laboratory experiments with field extracted material. North Carolina is experiencing higher than anticipated rates of fatigue cracking compared to other state. These higher than expected rates could be reflective of the national trends in mix design practice or could be caused by structural pavement failures. The problems associated with premature cracking in North Carolina pavements point to the need to evaluate the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) mixes, processes, and measures to ensure that these factors properly balance the goals of preventing cracking and minimizing permanent deformation. Without solid data from in-service pavements, any conclusions regarding the causes of these failures might be pure conjecture. Accordingly, this research examines material properties through laboratory experiments using field-extracted materials and investigates in situ pavements and pavement structure. In order to assess condition of existing pavement, alligator cracking index (ACI) was developed. The asphalt content in the top layer that exhibits top-down cracking or bottom-up cracking has a proportional relationship to ACI values. The air void content in a bottom layer that exhibits top-down cracking or bottom-up cracking shows an inverse proportional relationship to ACI values. These observations reflect reasonable results. A comparison between ACI and asphalt film thickness values does not produce noteworthy findings, but somewhat reasonable results are evident once the range of comparison is narrowed down. Thicker film thicknesses show higher ACI values. From field core visual observations, road widening is identified as a major cause of longitudinal cracking. Regions with observed layer interface separation tend to have low ACI values. Through tensile strain simulation based on actual field conditions, it is observed that sites with observed bottom-up cracking have higher tensile strain levels at the bottom of the asphalt layer than sites with observed top-down cracking. Extracted binder fatigue test results indicate that binder properties between good and poor sections of a given site are not the result of differences in the binder properties. Hence, other mixture design factors are at work in controlling the site variability in terms of fatigue resistance. © Copyright 2013 Hong Joon Park All Rights Reserved Investigation of Primary Causes of Load-Related Cracking in Asphalt Concrete Pavement in North Carolina