Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TIM-4 in macrophages contributes to nasal polyp formation through the TGF-β1–mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition in nasal epithelial cells

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is caused by prolonged inflammation of the paranasal sinus mucosa. The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in the occurrence and development of CRSwNP. The T-cell immunoglobulin domain and the mucin domain 4 (TIM-4) is closely related to chronic inflammation, but its mechanism in CRSwNP is poorly understood. In our study, we found that TIM-4 was increased in the sinonasal mucosa of CRSwNP patients and, especially, in macrophages. TIM-4 was positively correlated with α-SMA but negatively correlated with E-cadherin in CRS. Moreover, we confirmed that TIM-4 was positively correlated with the clinical parameters of the Lund-Mackay and Lund-Kennedy scores. In the NP mouse model, administration of TIM-4 neutralizing antibody significantly reduced the polypoid lesions and inhibited the EMT process. TIM-4 activation by stimulating with tissue extracts of CRSwNP led to a significant increase of TGF-β1 expression in macrophages in vitro. Furthermore, coculture of macrophages and human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) results suggested that the overexpression of TIM-4 in macrophages made a contribution to the EMT process in hNECs. Mechanistically, TIM-4 upregulated TGF-β1 expression in macrophages via the ROS/p38 MAPK/Egr-1 pathway. In conclusion, TIM-4 contributes to the EMT process and aggravates the development of CRSwNP by facilitating the production of TGF-β1 in macrophages. Inhibition of TIM-4 expression suppresses nasal polyp formation, which might provide a new therapeutic approach for CRSwNP.
The relationship between perceived classroom climate and academic performance among English-major teacher education students in Guangxi, China: The mediating role of student engagement

The academic performance of teacher education students predicts their future career development and it is also a significant factor related to their future students’ academic performance. However, little is known about the associations between perceived classroom climate, student engagement and academic performance, especially for English-major teacher education students. This study was to examine English-major teacher education students’ academic performance in relation to perceived classroom climate, student engagement. The questionnaire consisted of the Emotional Classroom Climate Scale, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale – Student Form-3 Item (UWES-SF-3), and the 5-item Academic Performance Scale. This study investigated 307 English-major teacher education students in Guangxi, China. Among them, 280 (91.2%) were females, and 27 (8.8%) were males, aged between 18 and 24 (M = 20.34, SD = 1.26). Results indicated that perceived classroom climate was positively associated with student engagement and academic performance among English-major teacher education students; their student engagement was positively associated with their academic performance, and student engagement partially mediated the relationship between perceived classroom climate and academic performance. The findings supported the motivational process of study demands-resources (SD-R) model and revealed that perceived classroom climate and student engagement were significant factors linked to academic performance, and practical suggestions were discussed.
A small but significantly greater incidence of inflammatory heart disease identified after vaccination for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2)

Background SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are being administered on an unprecedented scale. Assessing the risks of side effects is needed to aid clinicians in early detection and treatment. This study examined the risk of inflammatory heart disease, including pericarditis and myocarditis, following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Methods Intermountain Healthcare patients with inflammatory heart disease from December 15, 2020, to June 15, 2021, and with or without preceding SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations were studied. Relative rates of inflammatory heart disease were examined for vaccinated patients compared to unvaccinated patients. Results Of 67 identified inflammatory heart disease patients, 21 (31.3%) had a SARS-Cov-2 vaccination within the previous 60 days. Overall, 914,611 Intermountain Healthcare patients received a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, resulting in an inflammatory heart disease rate of 2.30 per 100,000 vaccinated patients. The relative risk of inflammatory heart disease for the vaccinated patients compared to the unvaccinated patients was 2.05 times higher rate within the 30-day window (p=0.01) and had a trend toward increase in the 60-day window (relative rate=1.63;p=0.07). All vaccinated patients with inflammatory heart disease were treated successfully with one death related to a pre-existing condition. Conclusions Though rare, the rate of inflammatory heart disease was greater in a SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated population than the unvaccinated population. This risk is eclipsed by the risk of contracting COVID-19 and its associated, commonly severe outcomes. Nevertheless, clinicians and patients should be informed of this risk to facilitate earlier recognition and treatment.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a cDNA for Pterocarpan 4-Dimethylallyltransferase Catalyzing the Key Prenylation Step in the Biosynthesis of Glyceollin, a Soybean Phytoalexin 1[W]

Glyceollins are soybean ( Glycine max ) phytoalexins possessing pterocarpanoid skeletons with cyclic ether decoration originating from a C 5 prenyl moiety. Enzymes involved in glyceollin biosynthesis have been thoroughly characterized during the early era of modern plant biochemistry, and many genes encoding enzymes of isoﬂavonoid biosynthesis have been cloned, but some genes for later biosynthetic steps are still unidentiﬁed. In particular, the prenyltransferase responsible for the addition of the dimethylallyl chain to pterocarpan has drawn a large amount of attention from many researchers due to the crucial coupling process of the polyphenol core and isoprenoid moiety. This study narrowed down the candidate genes to three soybean expressed sequence tag sequences homologous to genes encoding homogentisate phytyltransferase of the tocopherol biosynthetic pathway and identiﬁed among them a cDNA encoding dimethylallyl diphosphate: (6a S , 11a S )-3,9,6a-trihydroxy- pterocarpan [( 2 )-glycinol] 4-dimethylallyltransferase (G4DT) yielding the direct precursor of glyceollin I. The full-length cDNA encoding a protein led by a plastid targeting signal sequence was isolated from young soybean seedlings, and the catalytic function of the gene product was veriﬁed using recombinant yeast microsomes. Expression of the G4DT gene was strongly up-regulated in 5 to 24 h after elicitation of phytoalexin biosynthesis in cultured soybean cells similarly to genes associated with isoﬂavonoid pathway. The prenyl part of glyceollin I was demonstrated to originate from the methylerythritol pathway by a tracer experiment using [1- 13 C]Glc and nuclear magnetic resonance measurement, which coincided with the presumed plastid localization of G4DT. The ﬁrst identiﬁcation of a pterocarpan-speciﬁc prenyltransferase provides new insights into plant secondary metabolism and in particular those reactions involved in the disease resistance mechanism of soybean as the penultimate gene of glyceollin biosynthesis.
Penicillin-Binding Proteins and Cell Wall Composition in (cid:2) -Lactam-Sensitive and -Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus sciuri (cid:1)

A close homologue of the acquired Staphylococcus aureus mecA gene is present as a native gene in Staphylo- coccus sciuri . We determined the patterns of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and the peptidoglycan compositions of several S . sciuri strains to explore the functions of this mecA homologue, named pbpD , in its native S . sciuri environment. The protein product of pbpD was identiﬁed as PBP4 with a molecular mass of 84 kDa, one of the six PBPs present in representatives of each of three subspecies of S . sciuri examined. PBP4 had a low afﬁnity for nafcillin, reacted with a monoclonal antibody raised against S . aureus PBP2A, and was greatly overproduced in oxacillin-resistant clinical isolate S . sciuri SS37 and to a lesser extent in resistant laboratory mutant K1M200. An additional PBP inducible by oxacillin and corresponding to S . aureus PBP2A was identiﬁed in another oxacillin-resistant clinical isolate, S . sciuri K3, which harbors an S . aureus copy of mecA . Oxacillin resistance depended on the overtranscribed S . sciuri pbpD gene in strains SS37 and K1M200, while the resistance of strain K3 depended on the S . aureus copy of mecA . Our data provide evidence that both S . aureus mecA and S . sciuri pbpD can function as resistance determinants in either an S . aureus or an S . sciuri background and that the protein products of these genes, S . aureus PBP2A and S . sciuri PBP4, can participate in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, the muropeptide composition of which depends on the bacterium “host- ing” the resistance gene.
Heat shock transcription factor A2 (HsfA2) is induced under environmental stress and regulates transcription of various defense-related genes. Thus HsfA2 plays an important role in induction of defenses against different types of environmental stress, but its mode of regulation remains

under environmental stress and regulates transcription of various defense-related genes. Thus HsfA2 plays an important role in induction of defenses against different types of environmental stress, but its mode of regulation remains unknown. To clarify the signal transduction pathway involved in the regulation of HsfA2 expression, we investigated the effect of MG132, a 26S proteasome inhibitor, or geldanamycin (GDA), a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor, on the transcription of HsfA2 and its targets, Hsp18.1-CI and ascorbate peroxidase 2 ( Apx2 ), in Arabidopsis T87 cells. The levels of transcripts were signifi cantly increased by treatment with MG132 or GDA. Overexpression of a dexamethazoneinducible dominant-negative form of Hsp90.2 in Arabidopsis plants caused signifi cant expression of HsfA2 and its target gene on treatment with the compound. Treatment with MG132 or GDA had no effect on intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, the levels of polyubiquitinated proteins as well as the levels of HsfA2 transcript were rapidly increased under oxidative stress derived from treatment with H 2 O 2 or methylviologen, while they were completely suppressed by pre-treatment with ascorbate, a scavenger of ROS, under oxidative stress. The present fi ndings suggest that the inhibition of 26S proteasome function and/or Hsp90 activity is involved in the induction of HsfA2 expression in response to oxidative stress.
DMSA TECHNIQUE FOR FINDING SIGNIFICANT PATTERNS IN LARGE DATABASE

Frequent pattern mining in databases plays a vital role in many data mining tasks like classification, sequential patters, clustering, association rules analysis etc. There are numerous mining algorithms for finding association rules. One of the most common algorithms is Apriori. It is used to mine frequent item sets from large database. It uses the support statistical measure for pruning the frequent items. When the higher minimum support is used to reduce the number of frequent items for rules generation, this algorithm misses some of the bigger combination of significant frequent items. This proposed DMSA (Dynamic Minimum Support Apriori) generates significant frequent items in large database for association rules generation.
PGC-1 s inhibit NF-B activity in muscle The PGC-1 coactivators repress the transcriptional activity of NF-B in skeletal muscle cells *

A persistent, low-grade inflammation accompanies many chronic diseases that are promoted by physical inactivity and improved by exercise. The beneficial effects of exercise are mediated in large part by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator (PGC) 1, whereas its loss correlates with propagation of local and systemic inflammatory markers. We examined the influence of PGC-1 and the related PGC-1 on inflammatory cytokines upon stimulation of muscle cells with TNF, Toll-like receptor agonists, and free fatty acids. PGC-1s differentially repressed expression of proinflammatory cytokines by targeting NF-B signaling. Interestingly, PGC-1 and PGC-1 both reduced phoshorylation of the NF-B family member p65 and thereby its transcriptional activation potential. Taken together, the data presented here show that the PGC-1 coactivators are able to constrain inflammatory events in muscle cells and provide a molecular link between metabolic and immune pathways. The PGC-1s therefore represent attractive targets to not only improve metabolic health in diseases like type 2 diabetes but also to limit the detrimental, low-grade inflammation in these patients. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112. 375253 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-89013 Journal Article Accepted Version Originally published at: Eisele, Petra S; Salatino, Silvia; Sobek, Jens; Hottiger, Michael O; Handschin, Christoph (2013). The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1/ (PGC-1) coactivators repress the transcriptional activity of NF-B in skeletal muscle cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 288(4):2246-2260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112. 375253 Michael O. Hottiger and Christoph Handschin Petra S. Eisele, Silvia Salatino, Jens Sobek, skeletal muscle cells B in κ transcriptional activity of NFThe PGC-1 coactivators repress the Cell Biology: published online December 8, 2012 J. Biol. Chem. 10.1074/jbc.M112. 375253 Access the most updated version of this article at doi: . JBC Affinity Sites Find articles, minireviews, Reflections and Classics on similar topics on the
Augmented Perception by V2X Communication for Safety of Autonomous and Non-Autonomous Vehicles

As autonomous driving vehicles are to transform the road transportation, it cannot be realized without passing a transition period during which autonomous vehicles and non-autonomous vehicles have to cohabit. This transition period presents great challenges to the safety of the various road users, including vulnerable road users (VRUs), particularly at road sections such as intersections, roadworks areas, and bus stations that are often subject to accidents due to poor visibility conditions. In the paper, we introduce an augmented perception system, which has been developed in the French national project PAC V2X. By relying on V2X communication and sensors, equipped in autonomous vehicles and road side units (RSU), an augmented perception is provided in safety critical zones. A cooperative fusion module is proposed in the work and its impacts on autonomous vehicles have been evaluated using the computer simulator Pro-SiVIC. Our results show that by relying on precise positioning with the local sensors, an augmented perception system can overcome the limitation existing in current cooperative vehicle which are oftentimes due to degradation of the Global Positioning System (GPS). These results also highlight the potential benefit of using RSU in critical zones for extending the time horizon available for safety applications.
HDL-associated PAF-AH reduces endothelial adhesiveness in apoE 2 / 2 mice

Macrophage inﬁltration into the suben-dothelial space at lesion prone sites is the primary event in atherogenesis. Inhibition of macrophage homing might therefore prevent atherosclerosis. Since HDL levels are inversely correlated with cardiovascular risk, their effect on macrophage homing was assessed in apoE-deﬁcient (apoE 2 / 2 ) mice. Overexpression of human apolipoprotein AI in apoE 2 / 2 mice increased HDL levels 3-fold and reduced macrophage accumulation in an established assay of leukocyte homing to aortic root endothelium 3.2-fold ( P < 0.005). This was due to reduced in vivo b VLDL oxidation, reduced b VLDL triggered endothelial cytosolic Ca 2 1 signaling through PAF-like bioactivity, lower ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, and diminished ex vivo leukocyte adhesion. Adenoviral gene transfer of human PAF-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) in apoE 2 / 2 mice increased PAF-AH activity 1.5-fold ( P < 0.001), reduced b VLDL-induced ex vivo macrophage adhesion 3.5-fold
Diboson production

Measurements of diboson production cross sections in pp collisions at the LHC at a centre of mass energy √ s = 7 and 8 TeV, and in p¯p collisions at the Tevatron at √ s = 1 . 96 TeV are reviewed and compared with standard model predictions. Limits on charged and neutral anomalous triple gauge couplings extracted from the selected diboson event samples are also compared.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF KETOPROFEN SOLID DISPERSION INCORPORATED TOPICAL GELS

Solid dispersion technique is a promising method to improve the solubility of poorly water soluble drugs. Solid dispersions prepared with various carriers by solvent evaporation, fusion and kneading technique were effective in improving the solubility and dissolution of Ketoprofen. Ketoprofen is a potent NSAID which has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Topical route for Ketoprofen was selected up to avoid GIT irritation and to maximize the drug concentration at the site of action. In the present study attempts were made to formulate and evaluate of Ketoprofen solid dispersion incorporated topical gels. Solid dispersions were prepared in various ratios using each carrier. Solubility study and dissolution study showed that as the concentration of the carrier increase, the solubility and dissolution rate of Ketoprofen increases. The particle size and surface morphology of solid dispersions were studied by SEM. IR studies showed that no chemical reaction was taken place between drug and carriers in solid dispersion. The powder X-ray diffraction study Ketoprofen - β-cyclodextrin dispersion showed that drug is present in amorphous form in solid dispersion, which could be the reason for solubility enhancement. The in-vitro and ex-vivo drug release were carried out using egg membrane and rat abdominal skin respectively in phosphate buffer pH 7.4. The ex- vivo release of drug from rat skin was plotted according to modes data treatment, to precisely know the mechanism involved in the drug release. The drug release mechanism from all the formulated gels was found to be predominantly diffusion controlled.
University of Birmingham HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer in the United Kingdom

A rising incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) incidence has occurred throughout the developed world, where it has been attributed to an increasing impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) on disease etiology. This report presents the findings of a multicenter cross-sectional retrospective study aimed at determining the proportion of HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPSCC within the United Kingdom (UK). Archival tumor tissue blocks from 1602 patients previously diagnosed with OPSCC (2002-2011) were collated from 11 centers. HPV status was determined with 3 validated commercial tests to provide valid data for 1474 cases in total. Corresponding national incidence data from the same decade were obtained from UK Cancer registries. The overall proportion of HPV+ OPSCC between 2002-2011 was 51.8% (95% CI:49.3, 54.4) and this remained unchanged throughout the decade (unadjusted risk ratio:1.00 (95% CI:0.99, 1.02). However, over the same period, the incidence of OPSCC in the broader UK population underwent a 2-fold increase (age standardised rate (ASR) 2002:2.1 (95% CI:1.9, 2.2); 2011:4.1(95% CI:4.0, 4.3)). Although the number of OPSCC diagnosed within the UK from 2002-2011 nearly doubled, the proportion of HPV+ cases remained static at ~50%. Our results argue that the rapidly increasing incidence of OPSCC in the UK cannot be solely attributable to the influence of HPV. The parallel increase in HPV+ and HPV- cases we documented warrants further investigation, so that appropriate future prevention strategies for both types of disease can be implemented.
Product Features Extraction and Categorization in Chinese Reviews

—With the growing interest in opinion mining from web data, more works are focused on mining in English and Chinese reviews. Product features extraction and categorization are very important for feature level opinion mining. In this paper, we propose a supervised product features extraction method, regard it as an entity recognizing process, and hope to transfer the effective NER techniques to solve this problem. We propose an unsupervised method to group the product features, mine the association of the product features from the intra and inter relationship. With experiments on Chinese reviews, the results show that proposed techniques for product features extraction and categorization are proved effective and promising. The opinion words are very important features both in features extraction and categorization.
Module 9: Single-level and Multilevel Models for Ordinal Responses (Concepts)

n Module 6 we saw how multiple regression models for continuous responses can be generalised to handle binary responses, and in Module 7 these models were further extended for the analysis of binary data with a two-level hierarchical structure. This module considers standard (single-level) and multilevel models for ordinal categorical response variables, where the numeric codes assigned to categories imply some ordering. We begin with a cription of two approaches for the analysis of single-level ordinal data: the cumulative logit model which is appropriate for variables such as Likert scale items, where respondents are asked to indicate their strength of agreement with a statement from 'strongly agree' to 'strongly disagree', and educational tests where marks are available as grades rather than percentage scores; and the continuation ratio model for ordinal responses that can be viewed as the result of a series of sequential decisions or actions (e.g. highest level of educational qualifications). We then show how the cumulative logit model can be extended for the analysis of data with a two-level hierarchical structure.
Transformation methods in the study of nonlinear partial differential equations

Transformation methods are perhaps the most powerful analytic tool currently available in the study of nonlinear partial differential equations. Transformations may be classified into two categories: category I includes transformations of the dependent and independent variables of a given partial differential equation and category II additionally includes transformations of the derivatives of the dependent variables. In part I of this thesis our principal attention is focused on transformations of the category I, namely point transformations. We mainly deal with groups of transformations. These groups enable us to derive similarity transformations which reduce the number of independent variables of a certain partial differential equation. Firstly, we introduce the concept of transformation groups and in the analysis which follows three methods for determining transformation groups are presented and consequently the corresponding similarity transformations are derived. We also present a direct method for determining similarity transformations. Finally, we classify all point transformations for a particular class of equations, namely the generalised Burgers equation. Backlund transformations belong to category II and they are investigated in part II. The first chapter is an introduction to the theory of Backlund transformations. Here two different classes of Backlund transformations are defined and appropriate example are given. These two classes are considered in the proceeding analysis, where we search for Backlund transformations for specific classes of partial differential equations.