Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An arbitrage opportunity for image search and retrieval

more apparent as the level of keyword abstraction or ambiguity increases. Take, for example, the abstractions bravery, intelligence or courage or cognates like " intelligent dog " or " courageous lion. " Larger scale computational image search methodologies have traditionally worked through algorithms that search and pair metadata (alt tags, keywords, file metatags, surrounding description) or, more commonly, text strings with various image file types. Because a computer has no common sense and cannot tell whether the surrounding description is appropriate, relevancy decreases as the precision needed increases. A fresh approach to this metadata challenge is outlined in recent work by Luis von Ahn. Von Ahn proposes [2, 3] to capitalize on the efficiencies of human processing cycles through games to help solve traditionally intractable problems. By appropriating an online gaming methodology, two randomly paired participants are simultaneously and separately shown the same image and asked to propose matches. The recorded game play and results provide a new data-gathering mechanism to more accurately label or A new paradigm for image search metadata collection is emerging exemplified by the Human Computation School's application of gaming principles to information science search challenges. In parallel, a suite of Web 2.0 interface applications for visual search have recently appeared opening new interactive possibilities and visual metaphors for navigation. This article briefly introduces this paradigm shift and then looks critically toward wider innovation with an eye on fresh territory. Arbitraging differing methodologies opens new visual search possibilities, as affordances and differences between models present opportunities to leverage inefficiencies in one model with efficiencies of the other. This article capitalizes on such inequities, prescriptively suggesting a synergistic path for combining new image-retrieval metadata methodologies with new front-end visual search directions for future application innovation. Perhaps a good place to begin this discussion is with Google's Image Search [1], which claims to be the web's most comprehensive. The computational challenge with regard to visual search and images has been to improve relevancy, precision and the quality of textual matching when searching any large group of images. How does one provide high quality metadata for images that will optimize these parameters? Searching on words such as dog, horse or stock market usually brings up a good representation of images, some relevant, others less so. However,
On the Architecture of Game Science

Background. Game studies show a high diversity of university departments that contribute to the field. They offer a cross-disciplinary image that includes a range of professions. Game science is responsive to the needs of government institutions, to industry, and to individuals vis-à-vis institutions. That pragmatism makes the field issue-oriented, representing a post-normal science approach in a context of political pressure, values in dispute, high decision stakes and high epistemological and ethical systems uncertainties. The body of knowledge is not yet in the form of a cohesive structure: a game science paradigm. Thematic diversity, theoretical and methodological pluralism, and a strong focus on the instrumentality of games are weak credentials within academia, arranged according to analytical science (normal science) principles. Moreover, within the conventional academic settings, game science faces serious limitations, due to the fragmented positioning in different departments and faculties (Klabbers, 2009). Aim. A comprehensive and coherent view on game science is needed that connects three levels of inquiry: the philosophy of science level, the science level, and the application level. Advances in physics have impacted on the philosophy of science, on modernism and postmodernism, and as a consequence, on game science. Being able to understand the current position of game science requires that we are aware of its scientific roots, and future options for research and professional practice. Method. Literature review with emphasis on theories of knowledge (epistemology) that focuses on game architecture, and the player’s experience. The analytical science approach to game science is insufficient to deal adequately with key questions societies nowadays are facing. Therefore, in addition to the analytical science, the design science approach to gaming is needed to be able to address issues that apply to various zones of practice, and related questions about social problem solving. Results. A coordinating frame-of-reference – a game science paradigm – is presented, independent of the instrumentality of games - taking into account the great variety of forms of play, and gaming applications. Conclusion. To advance game science, well-equipped game centers are needed that cover the three levels of inquiry: the philosophy of science level, the science level, and the application level. They should pursue a long term coherent research and educational policy, in line with the natural sciences tradition, offering both continuity and innovation.
Signal Properties of Hybrid LFSK Modulated MQAM (HQFM) OFDM Transceiver

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a promising candidate supporting high data rates with reasonable complexity in wireless fading channels. However, a major disadvantage of OFDM is its large peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which significantly decreases the transmitter high power amplifier’s efficiency. There are several techniques to reduce this PAPR. Almost, all of them, are either suited for specific application or works with small number of subcarriers. If these problems are overcome, then they, like PTS, usually need side-information to be transmitted along with the modified signal. A simple and efficient Hybrid OFDM Transceiver is suggested that effectively reduces PAPR. Also, system’s BER is improved. Unlike PTS, no side-information for transmission is needed. Two modified algorithms for the proposed modulator are presented for which the PAPR reduction capability is either comparable or better as compared PTS.
Knowledge-based understanding of road maps and other line images

It is shown that the understanding of documents in general and of line drawings in particular can be seen as a first step towards the the understanding of arbitrary scenes by making effective use of methods from artificial intelligence. The starting point is a set of domain-independent linear image primitives which define a line graph. After the removal of artifacts the recognition of meaningful complex structures is accomplished in several steps with the aid of a growing amount of domain-specific knowledge. Further scene knowledge controls the deployment of the various operators to arrive at a consistent interpretation throughout the scene. The selection of the object-oriented programming paradigm proved to be very effective. <<ETX>>
GRACE TECHNICAL REPORTS An Order-Sensitive Fusion for XQuery

In XQuery, composite expressions with node creation are typical in practice, for example, in data integration systems for XML with XQuery as schema mapping in addition to the classical view resolution. We propose a fusion algorithm for this kind of composite XQuery expressions. In developing the XQuery fusion, there is a problem that naive elimination of node creations does not preserve the semantics of XQuery with constraints of the order of nodes. We solve this problem by introducing an adornment code called extended Dewey’s assigned to the occurrences of expressions. In this paper, we show that XML fragments created dynamically as intermediate results in a store can be emulated statically in such a way that rewriting XQuery expressions to avoid redundant parts is enabled using the extended Dewey’s. The experimental results show that under a multi-step schema mapping scenario, our prototype system successfully eliminates execution cost of redundant node creations produced as intermediate results.
Per-Flow Traffic Measurement Through Randomized Counter Sharing

Traffic measurement provides critical real-world data for service providers and network administrators to perform capacity planning, accounting and billing, anomaly detection, and service provision. One of the greatest challenges in designing an online measurement module is to minimize the per-packet processing time in order to keep up with the line speed of the modern routers. To meet this challenge, we should minimize the number of memory accesses per packet and implement the measurement module in the on-die SRAM. The small size of SRAM requires extremely compact data structures to be designed for storing per-flow information. The best existing work, called counter braids, requires more than 4 bits per flow and performs six or more memory accesses per packet. In this paper, we design a fast and compact measurement function that estimates the sizes of all flows. It achieves the optimal processing speed: two memory accesses per packet. In addition, it provides reasonable measurement accuracy in a tight space where the counter braids no longer work. Our design is based on a new data encoding/decoding scheme, called randomized counter sharing. This scheme allows us to mix per-flow information together in storage for compactness and, at the decoding time, separate the information of each flow through statistical removal of the error introduced during information mixing from other flows. The effectiveness of our online per-flow measurement approach is analyzed and confirmed through extensive experiments based on real network traffic traces. We also propose several methods to increase the estimation range of flow sizes.
Operational interferometric SAR products

Today, SAR interferometry plays an important role in the observation of the Earth. It enables the generation of digital elevation models. Differential interferometry allows the determination of uplifting and subsidence and coherence is utilized for land use classification purposes. Most of today's radar satellites deliver data suitable for SAR interferometry. New missions will provide continuation of this capability. DLR's German Remote Sensing Data Center is implementing an operational SAR interferometry processing system, currently supporting ERS SAR data. It will be further developed for ESA's ERS follow on system ENVISAT as well as for the SRTM mission (Shuttle Radar Topography Mapper). The main objective is the operational interferometric derivation of DEMs to fill a global elevation data base. These DEMs are utilized for the terrain correction of amplitude images. Interferograms as base products for, for example, differential interferometry as well as coherence maps will be available for the repeat pass interferometry missions.
Three-dimensional image analysis of high resolution confocal microscopy data of the Drosophila melanogaster brain

Although laser scanning microscopy is a powerful tool for obtaining thin optical sections, the possible depth of imaging is limited by the working distance of the microscope objective but also by the image degradation caused by the attenuation of both excitation laser beam and the light emitted from the fluorescence-labeled objects. Several workaround techniques have been employed to overcome this problem, such as recording the images from both sides of the sample, or by progressively cutting off the sample surface. The different views must then be combined in a unique volume. However, a straightforward concatenation is often not possible, because the small rotations that occur during the acquisition procedure, not only in translation along x, y and z axes but also in rotation around those axis, making the fusion uneasy. To address this problem we implemented a new algorithm called 2D-SIFT-in-3D-Space using SIFT (scale Invariant Feature Transform) to achieve a robust registration of big image stacks. Our method register the images fixing separately rotations and translations around the three axes using the extraction and matching of stable features in 2D cross-sections. In order to evaluate the registration quality, we created a simulator that generates artificial images that mimic laser scanning image stacks to make a mock pair of image stacks one of which is made from the same stack with the other but is rotated arbitrarily with known angles and filtered with a known noise. For a precise and natural-looking concatenation of the two images, we also developed a module progressively correcting the sample brightness and contrast depending on the sample surface. Those tools we successfully used to generate tridimensional high resolution images of the fly Drosophila melanogaster brain, in particular, its octopaminergic and dopaminergic neurons and their synapses. Those monoamine neurons appear to be determinant in the correct operating of the central nervous system and a precise and systematic analysis of their evolution and interaction is necessary to understand its mechanisms. If an evolution over time could not be highlighted through the pre-synaptic sites analysis, our study suggests however that the inactivation of one of these neuron types triggers drastic changes in the neural network.
The Economics of Network Industries

This book introduces upper-level undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers to the latest developments in network economics, one of the fastest-growing fields in all industrial organization. Network industries include the Internet, e-mail, telephony, computer hardware and software, music and video players, and service operations in the banking, legal, and airlines industries among many others. The work offers an overview of the subject matter as well as investigations about specific industries. It conveys the essential features of how strategic interactions between firms are affected by network activity, as well as covering social interaction and its influence on consumers' choices of products and services. Virtually no calculus is used in the text, and each chapter ends with a series of exercises and selected references. The text may be used for both one- and two-semester courses.
Localization of hearing loss on the basis of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions by using wavelet transform

Otoacoustic Emissions are of clinical interest due to their relationship with the function of the peripheral auditory system. In this paper, a procedure is proposed for localizing the hearing loss region on the basis of clinically detected transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE). The continuous wavelet transform is utilized to decompose the TEOAE, and the root mean square of each wavelet scale is treated as the quantitative criterion for the localization. The results obtained by this method agree reasonably well with those by audiogram and DPGRAM. The work described provides a clinically useful method for the analysis of TEOAEs.
"Classification Of Snow Cover And Precipitation Using Ssnii Measurements: Case Studies"

This study uses three of the SSM/I channels to classify snow cover and precipitation on a global basis. The technique is based on the physical relationship between the antenna temperature measurements (Ta' s) at low and high frequencies and their response to scattering materials such as snow cover or precipitation. An advantage of this technique is that it uses only three SSM/I channels (85V,22V,19V) for classification, as opposed to a technique like principal component analysis which uses all 7 SSM/I channels.
The exercise class experience: an opportunity to promote student wellbeing during the HSC

Research reveals that approximately 40% of Year 12 HSC students and 25% of Year 11 HSC students experience symptoms of depression, anxiety and or stress exceeding the normal or expected values. Numerous studies show that female students report higher levels of psychological distress than their male counterparts. Female secondary school students also report poor lifestyle behaviours such as low levels of physical activity participation. This is despite research demonstrating physical activity interventions as an effective means of promoting wellbeing. However, it has not been well documented whether physical activity interventions are considered beneficial by HSC students at this stressful time of their lives. Therefore, the current study explores the experiences among a group of female HSC students (n=6) (mean age = 17 years) regarding their involvement in a once per week, 8 week exercise class program. Each participant reported at least one perceived benefit relating to their involvement in the 8-week exercise class program. A perceived increased level of access to physical activity was identified by the participant group. After taking part in the program, reductions in individual subjective stress, increased social interaction, improved self esteem and improved mood states were all identified by the participants as perceived benefits of exercise class participation. It is recommended that secondary schools in Australia focus on providing supportive environments for health by offering HSC students the chance to take part in conveniently located, free of charge exercise classes.
Even harmonic resonant class E tuned power amplifier without RF choke

A method for designing an amplifier that does not need an RF choke coil is proposed. This is accomplished by adding a shunt capacitor to a class E amplifier with a shunt inductor; this creates class E switching where higher harmonics are induced in the inductor-fed input waveform. A design method is derived by performing an analysis of the circuit assuming load current is sinusoidal. Because the switch current is smaller than that of conventional class E amplifiers (with the same output power), the losses due to the series saturation resistance of the switch device are greatly reduced for the proposed amplifier. A 96-percent RF conversion efficiency for 2 W of output power was obtained in experiments using a 2-MHz switch using the proposed design.
X-Quest: An Open Tool to Support Evaluation in Distance Learning

In proprietary distance learning environments it often results difficult to exchange educational resources among different systems. In this paper, we introduce X-Quest, an open tool to create and maintain IMS-compatible questionnaires. Two main modules compose the tool: the first one is a user-friendly graphical interface that deals with the questionnaire creation phase and produces a XML output, compatible with the Question & Test Interoperability specifications; the second module takes advantage of XML features to make a presentation of the questionnaire in the more suitable way. This work is part of a more challenging project that intends to apply the same approach in the development of an educational framework for authoring and publishing didactic
Massive graph visualization : LDRD final report.

Graphs are a vital way of organizing data with complex correlations. A good visualization of a graph can fundamentally change human understanding of the data. Consequently, there is a rich body of work on graph visualization. Although there are many techniques that are effective on small to medium sized graphs (tens of thousands of nodes), there is a void in the research for visualizing massive graphs containing millions of nodes. Sandia is one of the few entities in the world that has the means and motivation to handle data on such a massive scale. For example, homeland security generates graphs from prolific media sources such as television, telephone, and the Internet. The purpose of this project is to provide the groundwork for visualizing such massive graphs. The research provides for two major feature gaps: a parallel, interactive visualization framework and scalable algorithms to make the framework usable to a practical application. Both the frameworks and algorithms are designed to run on distributed parallel computers, which are already available at Sandia. Some features are integrated into the ThreatView{trademark} application and future work will integrate further parallel algorithms.
Development a new model based on artificial neural network to estimate torque of a conventional CI engine

Torque estimation needs intensive efforts and costly sensors. In this research, a model was proposed to estimate ITM285 tractor engine torque using some low cost sensors. Radial basis function (RBF) neural network was used for torque estimation, based on the data obtained from some inexpensive sensors including engine speed, exhaust gas opacity, fuel mass flow and exhaust gas temperature. Thirteen training algorithms were examined to train the RBF. These algorithms were compared using two statistical methods namely k-fold cross validation and completely randomized design (CRD). The Bayesian regularization (Trainbr) algorithm was the best one. Based on the sensitivity analysis of the RBF, only using engine speed, fuel mass flow and exhaust gas temperature sensors are sufficient for proper engine torque estimation. R, RMSE and EF of the RBF were 0.99, 0.50 and 0.99, respectively. It is concluded that the RBF model can be a suitable technique for estimating engine torque.
GANDOLF: a system for generating automated nowcasts of convective precipitation

During the past decade hydrologists have become increasingly aware of the problems of fluvial flood prediction during periods of intense convection, particularly in urbanised catchments whose rainfall‐runoff responses tend to be rapid. Existing approaches to deterministic, short‐range rainfall prediction are often deficient in their treatment of convective precipitation because they cannot resolve individual convective clouds or effectively model their evolution. In 1994 the UK Met. Office established a joint R&D programme with the Environment Agency (responsible for flood prediction in England and Wales) to explore the benefits of an Object‐Oriented conceptual Model (OOM) of convection in the nowcasting of fluvial floods. This involved the development of an automated nowcasting system (GANDOLF) designed to run the OOM during episodes of air mass convection. This paper describes the structure and function of the GANDOLF system and compares the performance of the OOM with that of two other precipitation models routinely used by Thames Region of the Agency. Copyright © 2000 Royal Meteorological Society