Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of clustering algorithms for Gene expression analysis

Data Mining refers to as \the nontrivial process of identifying valid, novel, potentially useful and ultimately understandable pattern in data". Based on the type of knowledge that is mined, data mining can be classi¯ed in to di®erent models such as Clustering, Decision trees, Association rules, and Sequential pattern and time series. In this thesis work, an attempt has been made to study theoretical background and applications of Clustering techniques in data mining with a special emphasis on analysis of Gene Expression under Bioinformatics. Bioinformatics is the study of genetic and other biological information using computer and statistical techniques. DNA microarray technology has now made it possible to simul- taneously monitor the expression levels of thousands of genes during important biological processes and across collections of related samples. A °ood of data means that many of the challenges in biology are now challenges in computing. A ¯rst step toward addressing this challenging is the use of clustering technique, which is essential in the data mining process to reveal natural structures and identifying interesting patterns in the underlying data. In this thesis work, e®ort has been made to compare between few Clustering algorithms such as: K means, Hierarchical, Self Organization Map(SOM), and Cluster A±nity Search Technique(CAST) with proposed algorithm called CAST+. Strengths and Weaknesses of the above Clustering algorithms are identi¯ed and drawbacks like knowing number of clusters before clustering, and taking a±nity threshold as input from the users are recti¯ed by the proposed algorithm. Results show that Proposed Algorithm is e±cient in comparison with other Clustering algorithms mentioned above. The Clustering algorithms are compared on the basis of few Evaluation Indices such as Homogeneity Vs separation, and Silhouette width.
THE EFFECT OF PARENTS’ LOCUS OF CONTROL BELIEF AND EDUCATION ON INVESTMENT IN THEIR CHILDREN’S HEALTH May 10, 2010

This paper investigates how parents’ locus of control beliefs affect investment in their children’s health, depending on parental education. Parents with an external locus of control attribute outcomes to external factors outside of personal control whereas internal parents attribute outcomes to personal actions. Because locus of control influences the perceived probability of investment returns, external parents may underestimate returns and under-invest. I develop an economic model that illustrates how locus of control affects perceived probability of returns, which has opposing effects depending on the level of parental education. With cross-sectional data on parents’ beliefs and health utilization, I examine the link between parents’ locus of control beliefs and child health investments for parents with low and high levels of education. Using a probit analysis and controlling for income and insurance, I found a significant interaction effect between locus of control and education on the likelihood of children obtaining regular checkups. Educated parents with internal beliefs invest more in their children’s health than their counterparts. There are also trends that educated, internal parents are less likely to disinvest in health by smoking and binge drinking, but the effects are insignificant. Results confirm my theoretical model that locus of control affects health investments differently for low and highly educated parents, but not for health disinvestments. This research has important policy implication because changing parents’ beliefs and promoting education on the importance of health investment could be a cost-effective intervention to advocate for optimal health investment.
Backup Storage Block Level Deduplication with DDUMBFS and BACULA

Data deduplication is not only becoming an essential backup system component, because it reduces storage space requirements, but also a critical one, since the performance of all the backup operation depends on storage throughput. This paper is focused on the backup data volume ratio of deduplication when stored in file systems with this feature, and how a newly developed volume format can improve it. Bacula backup software is currently the third most popular backup software worldwide and it’s also open source, therefore selected to this performance analysis study. Corresponding to the results, it is possible to verify that the proposed Bacula aligned backup format brings gains of 82%, even for a workload that emulates a relatively small backup policy and with minimum impact on backup or restore times.
AN IMMERSED INTERFACE METHOD FOR SOLVING ANISOTROPIC ELLIPTIC BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS IN 3D ∗

We have developed a first-order stable Cartesian grid discretization that uses only interior grid points for inhomogeneous anisotropic elliptic operators subject to Neumann boundary condition on a bounded non-rectangular geometry in 3D. For this discretization method, a necessary and sufficient condition depending on the mesh size h for the existence of this first-order stable scheme at a regular (i.e. interior) grid point is found in terms of the anisotropy matrix. For this discretization method, a way to analyze the existence of a first-order stable scheme at an irregular (i.e. boundary) grid point is also given. The arguments are identical to those for the 2D case [2]; only the details change. Unlike in [2], discussion for Dirichlet and Robin boundary conditions are also included. In particular, it is shown that the Gerschgorin condition does not impose sign restrictions on irregular grid points stencil coefficients as in the Neumann case.
Reconciling the optimal and empirical approaches to modelling stomatal conductance

Models of vegetation function are widely used to predict the effects of climate change on carbon, water and nutrient cycles of terrestrial ecosystems, and their feedbacks to climate. Stomatal conductance, the process that governs plant water use and carbon uptake, is fundamental to such models. In this paper, we reconcile two long‐standing theories of stomatal conductance. The empirical approach, which is most commonly used in vegetation models, is phenomenological, based on experimental observations of stomatal behaviour in response to environmental conditions. The optimal approach is based on the theoretical argument that stomata should act to minimize the amount of water used per unit carbon gained. We reconcile these two approaches by showing that the theory of optimal stomatal conductance can be used to derive a model of stomatal conductance that is closely analogous to the empirical models. Consequently, we obtain a unified stomatal model which has a similar form to existing empirical models, but which now provides a theoretical interpretation for model parameter values. The key model parameter, g1, is predicted to increase with growth temperature and with the marginal water cost of carbon gain. The new model is fitted to a range of datasets ranging from tropical to boreal trees. The parameter g1 is shown to vary with growth temperature, as predicted, and also with plant functional type. The model is shown to correctly capture responses of stomatal conductance to changing atmospheric CO2, and thus can be used to test for stomatal acclimation to elevated CO2. The reconciliation of the optimal and empirical approaches to modelling stomatal conductance is important for global change biology because it provides a simple theoretical framework for analyzing, and simulating, the coupling between carbon and water cycles under environmental change.
Transoesophageal and Transthoracic Recordings of Mitral Annulus Motion

Maximal systolic and diastolic velocities recorded from four sites of the mitral annulus motion (MAM) reflect left ventricular (LV) performance. This thesis focus on factors influencing M-mode derived velocities in healthy children and adults and reference values are proposed. The usefulness of M-mode and pulsed tissue Doppler in detecting diastolic disturbances in patients with symptoms of heart failure are investigated as well. Also the reproducibility of transoesofageal (TE) recordings of long-axis movements and the difference to transthoracic (TT) recordings in anaesthetized patients are described as is the influence of respiration. By applying tangents to M-mode echocardiography recordings from apical 2and 4-chamber views the maximal systolic long axis velocity (MLACV) and maximal diastolic relaxation velocities (RVm) were measured. Based on stepwise multiple regression analysis concerning age, weight, height, body surface area and heart rate the following equations are suggested for calculation of reference values: In children and adolescents under 18: MLACV (mm) = 2.5 x Age (years) + 49.0, (±20.2) (±2 SEE) RVm (mm) = 171 – 0.54 x Heart rate, (±37.4) (±2 SEE) In adults: MLACV (mm) = 0.75 x Height (cm) -50.5, (±19.6) (±2 SEE) RVm (mm) = 163 – 1.29 x Age, (±16.8) (±2 SEE) Intraand inter-individual reproducibility expressed as the coefficient of variation for MLACV was 4.7% and 4.9% respectively. In 64 patients with symptoms of heart failure the LV inflow and lung vein flow profiles were obtained by pulsed Doppler recordings and patients were classified as true cases of abnormal diastolic function by age corrected reference values. M-mode (M-RVm) and pulsed Doppler tissue imaging (TD-RVm) were used for recordings of RVm and according to Fisher’s exact test both methods can be used to detect diastolic dysfunction but velocities obtained by TD-RVm was 29.7 % (p<0.0001) higher than M-RVm. Sensitivity and specificity for M-RVm to correctly detect diastolic dysfunction were 89% and 81% respectively and for TD-RVm 81% and 78%. TDRVm and M-RVm were highly correlated (r = 0.87). Differences in TT and TE recordings of MAM were investigated in 24 healthy anaesthetized patients by using tissue velocity imaging. Another 10 patients were enrolled for the reproducibility study. The anterior site has low reproducibility and should be omitted when comparing TE and TT values. A TE mean value from three sites is about 15% lower than a TT mean value from four sites. Only systolic and early diastolic velocities have acceptable reproducibility values. Respiration does not influence MLACV or RVm during anaesthesia but RVm is about 5% higher during expiration in awake individuals.
An Investigation into the Grace Application and how iOS Devices may Offer Effective Alternatives to Traditional Intervention Methods in Aiding Communication and Learning in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders

This research paper analyses the potential benefits of utilising iOS technologies as an aid for communication and learning in children with autistic spectrum disorders. The emergence of touch controlled consumer electronics such as the iPad in recent years has allowed for new and exciting opportunities in creating innovative ways to tackle some of the impairments faced by children with autism. This paper examines these opportunities from a theoretical perspective and investigates some of the key concepts and issues surrounding the use of interactive technology as an aid for children affected by these disorders. The aims of this are to highlight some core insights into the design process of applications targeted at an end user base consisting of children with autism, and determine the effectiveness of iOS technology as a potential alternative to some traditional intervention methods such as the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS).
The interaction of polarization charges in freely suspended smectic-C* films

The fluctuations of the director orientation in a freely suspended smectic-C* film were theoretically investigated. In the free energy expression of the film, not only were the elastic energy and the weak external electric field interaction considered, the interaction of polarization charges arising from fluctuations of the polarization vector were also included. The correlation function of the director fluctuations was obtained for a film of finite thickness. Calculations of light scattering intensity were provided. It has been found that due to the interaction of polarization charges, the angular dependence of the scattering intensity significantly depends on the magnitude of spontaneous polarization.
IELE: An Intermediate-Level Blockchain Language Designed and Implemented Using Formal Semantics

THEODOROS KASAMPALIS, Runtime Verification, Inc. and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign DWIGHT GUTH, Runtime Verification, Inc. BRANDON MOORE, Runtime Verification, Inc. TRAIAN S, ERBĂNUT, Ă, Runtime Verification, Inc. VIRGIL S, ERBĂNUT, Ă, Runtime Verification, Inc. DANIELE FILARETTI, Runtime Verification, Inc. GRIGORE ROS,U, Runtime Verification, Inc. and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign RALPH JOHNSON, Runtime Verification, Inc.
Aggregate Energy Consumption and Sectoral Output in Nigeria

This study examined nexus between aggregate energy consumption and sectoral output in Nigeria for the period spanning 1980 to 2010. Utilizing a bi-variate Vector Auto-regressive (VAR) model, the study observed bi-directional causality between aggregate energy consumption and agricultural output while a unidirectional causality was found from service output to aggregate energy consumption. The concluded that the nexus between energy consumption and output of individual sectors of the economy are different and therefore recommended sector specific energy policies rather the one fit-for-all policy. Also, energy conservation policies would be harmful to the productive activities of agricultural and service sectors of the Nigerian economy.
Escala de Potencial Empreendedor: evidências de validade fatorial confirmatória, estrutura dimensional e eficácia preditiva

Pesquisas no mundo vem mostrando que individuos empreendedores compartilham caracteristicas particulares e idiossincraticas em relacao ao resto da populacao, o que tem estimulado estudos especificos sobre a mensuracao desse comportamento. Dentre as abordagens de mensuracao recentes e de maior relevância para a area do empreendedorismo no Brasil, teve-se o desenvolvimento da “Escala de Potencial Empreendedor”. Apesar disso, alguns parâmetros psicometricos de validacao mais rigorosos nao foram encontrados na apresentacao original deste instrumento e os estudos correlatos ainda nao se mostram suficientes. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo e verificar evidencias de validade fatorial confirmatoria, estrutura dimensional e validade de criterio (eficacia preditiva) da Escala de Potencial Empreendedor. Para tanto, foram realizados dois estudos. O estudo 1 (um) contou com a participacao de 455 estudantes universitarios para a realizacao da validade de constructo por meio da analise fatorial confirmatoria e do escalonamento multidimensional (MDS). Por sua vez, o estudo 2 (dois) contou com a participacao de 654 estudantes universitarios e 148 empresarios para a realizacao da validade de criterio por meio do teste t de Student e do Tamanho do Efeito (d). Os resultados mostram que a Escala de Potencial Empreendedor apresenta um modelo fatorial com boa qualidade de ajuste e altos niveis de precisao, indicando que este e um instrumento que converge confiantemente para a predicao do potencial empreendedor.
Effect of Post-Annealing Treatment on Mechanical Properties of ZnO Thin Films

The present work was focused to study nanomechanical properties of ZnO thin films deposited on different substrates (Corning Glass and Fused Quartz) using DC-sputtering. The crystallinity and microstructure are correlated with process conditions and post annealing treatment in NH3 environment, which in turn affects the mechanical performance. The structural growth accompanied a change in crystalline nature and microstructure as the substrate is altered from corning glass substrate to fused quartz at similar synthesis conditions. The post deposition annealed ZnO thin films demonstrated agglomerated particles with no clear grain boundaries having nano-cracks present in the morphology, which is attributed as NH3 effect on microstructure. The mechanical properties such as hardness (6.89-7.76 GPa), Young’s modulus (94.9-124.6 GPa), and coefficient of friction ̴ (1.0-3.0) of ZnO thin films were measured using three sided pyramidal Berkovich nanoindentation. Load-unload segment of indentation curve of thin films which is measured at continuous loading revealed no event of discontinuity (≥ 2 nm) during loading/unloading, indicating no fracture or delamination during indentation. The critical load of ZnO thin films failure was analysed using scratch testing ramp loading and the value of critical load was found around ̴535.6 μN to ̴668.4 μN.
2.VARIOUS METHODOLOGIES FOR ARTERY AND VEIN CLASSIFICATION

Retina is a layer which is found at the back side of the eye ball which plays main role for visualization. Any disease in the retina leads to severe problems. Blood vessels segmentation and classification of retinal vessels into arteries and veins is an essential thing for detection of various diseases like Diabetic Retinography etc. This paper discusses about various existing methodologies for classification of retinal image into artery and vein which are helpful for the detection of various diseases in retinal fundus image. This process is basis for the AVR calculation i.e. for the calculation of average diameter of arteries to veins. One of the symptoms of Diabetic Retinography causes abnormally wide veins and this leads to low ratio of AVR. Diseases like high blood pressure and pancreas also have abnormal AVR. Thus classification of blood vessels into arteries and veins is more important. Retinal fundus images are available on the publically available Database like DRIVE [5], INSPIREAVR [6], VICAVR [7].
MULTI–DIMENSIONAL HARDY TYPE INEQUALITIES IN HÖLDER SPACES

0 f (y)dy maps Lp into Lp with the operator norm p ′ := p p−1 . After this fundamental discovery by Hardy it was an almost unbelievable development of this area which today usually is referred to as Hardy type inequalities. A great number of papers and even books have been published on the subject and the research in this area is still very intensive. One important reason for that is that Hardy type inequalities are especially useful for various types of applications within different parts of Mathematics but also in other Sciences, see e.g. the books [5], [6] and [7] and the references therein. Most of the developments described above are devoted to study the boundedness of Hardy type operators between weighted Lebesgue spaces and most of the results are for the one-dimensional case. But for applications it is also often required to consider the boundedness between other function spaces. Unfortunately, there exist not so many results concerning the boundedness of Hardy type operators in other function spaces. However, some results of this type can be found in Chapter 11 of the
Block-compatible metaplectic cocycles

has cardinality r ≥ 1. Let G be the F-rational points of a simple Chevalley group defined over F. In his thesis, Matsumoto [5] gave a beautiful construction for the metaplectic cover G of G, a central extension of G by μr(F) whose existence is intimately connected with the deep properties of the r-th order Hilbert symbol (·, ·)F : F × × F → μr(F). Metaplectic groups figure prominently in the study of number theory, representation theory, and physics, arising naturally in the theory of theta functions, dual pair correspondences, Weil representations, and spin geometry. In this paper we study the class of central extensions of a simple Chevalley group over an arbitrary infinite field, of which the metaplectic groups form an important subclass. Metaplectic groups were constructed quite explicitly in Weil’s memoir [10] in the case that G is symplectic. In [3] and [4], Kubota gave the construction of the r-fold metaplectic cover of GL2(F). Moreover, he described an explicit 2-cocycle σK on GL2(F) that represents the second cohomology class of the extension (cf. §3 Corollary 8), which makes it possible to deal quite rapidly with many concrete problems in this setting. Steinberg [9] and Moore [7] considered the algebraic problem of determining the central extensions of a simple Chevelley group over an arbitrary field; they were also led to the metaplectic groups. This line of investigation was completed by Matsumoto [5], whose work forms the foundation of the present paper. To summarize our results, let F be an infinite field, G the F-rational points of a simple Chevalley group defined over F, A an abelian group, and c : F × F → A a Steinberg symbol that is bilinear if G is not symplectic (cf. §1). In this paper we describe an explicit 2-cocycle σG in Z (G;A) that represents the cohomology class in H(G;A) of the central extension G of G by A constructed by Matsumoto [5]
Radial Velocities for 889 Late-Type Stars

We report radial velocities for 844 FGKM-type main-sequence and subgiant stars and 45 K giants, most of which had either low-precision velocity measurements or none at all. These velocities differ from the standard stars of Udry et al. by 0.035 km s-1 (rms) for the 26 FGK standard stars in common. The zero point of our velocities differs from that of Udry et al.: 〈VPresent - VUdry〉 = +0.053 km s-1. Thus, these new velocities agree with the best known standard stars both in precision and zero point, to well within 0.1 km s-1. Nonetheless, both these velocities and the standards suffer from three sources of systematic error, namely, convective blueshift, gravitational redshift, and spectral type mismatch of the reference spectrum. These systematic errors are here forced to be zero for G2 V stars by using the Sun as reference, with Vesta and day sky as proxies. But for spectral types departing from solar, the systematic errors reach 0.3 km s-1 in the F and K stars and 0.4 km s-1 in M dwarfs. Multiple spectra were obtained for all 889 stars during 4 years, and 782 of them exhibit velocity scatter less than 0.1 km s-1. These stars may serve as radial velocity standards if they remain constant in velocity. We found 11 new spectroscopic binaries and report orbital parameters for them.