Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MICROBIAL DIVERSITY AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN MICROBIAL GENETIC RESOURCES PRESERVATION AND ITS ROLE IN NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS

Biodiversity has been very common to almost every one. However, a comprehensive understanding on the concept of biodiversity might be less common to many discussing parties. Likewise, microbial diversity is even less common to most of academician, ex-cept of course to microbiologists. In fact, a correct and clear concept of biodiversity is prerequisite for serious and appropriate discussion of the matter. In this paper, the concept and understanding of microbial diversity is fundamentally described as well as their genetic potential by reviewing the development and application of species concept based on molecular biological approach. It is an undeniable fact that molecular biology has provided a powerful tool for microbiologists as well as evolutionists to unravel the biodiversity of microbial world which play a paramount important to conserve the basic function of any natural environments in the biosphere since microbes live and flourish in all ecosystems, including extreme habitats. The ubiquity of microbes clearly underpins by their diversity, including physiological and metabolic diversity, ability to live in anaerobic environments, and their small size. Molecular biology development and application in microbiology have transformed the three areas in microbiology, namely microbial ecology, microbial diversity, and microbial evolution from weakness into the strength, in unraveling and understanding microbial diversity and its genetic potential as well as its role in nature, especially their role to keep work the biogeochemical cycle in the Earth. Only by having an adequate understanding of microbial critical role in preserving nature that the environmental conservation issue could be carried out, understood and realized meaningfully.
Physicochemical features and structural analysis of xanthine oxidase as a potential therapeutic target to prevent gout

ABSTRACT The high uric acid level in blood can cause gouty arthritis. In the uric acid cycle, purines are converted to uric acid and the process is controlled through series of enzymes, of which, xanthine oxidase (XO) is a key enzyme responsible for the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. XO has been used as a potential therapeutic target to control uric acid deposition, ultimately preventing gout. Various inhibitors of XO are being used as drugs to prevent uric acid deposition by inhibiting the overactivity of the enzyme. In this study, a molecular docking approach was used to evaluate the pharmacological properties and drug suitability of thirteen reported inhibitors of XO. All the inhibitors analyzed here were found suitable as oral drug candidates to cure gout by inhibiting the expression of XO with varying efficiencies except phytic acid. Fisetin, which is present in considerable amounts in different fruits and vegetables including strawberries, apple, cucumber, and onion, was scrutinized as the most efficient inhibitor of XO and suitable oral drug candidate amongst all reported inhibitors studied here. In conclusion, our study provides additional insights into the interaction properties and bioavailability of known putative inhibitors of XO as potential drug candidates to relieve gout.
High Resolution Demoire Network

Photographing LCD screens for information recording has become a prevalent behavior, but moiré artifact will appear in screen-shot pictures with different colors and shapes. In order to remove such artifacts, previous work mostly used multi-scale framework to identify the complex frequencies of moiré, but the relationship between different scales used to be ignored. In this paper, we proposed a novel High-Resolution Demoiré Network(HRDN) to fully explore the relationship between feature maps with different resolutions. It consists of three main components: parallel high resolution network, continuous information exchange modules and final feature fusion layer. Extensive experiments demonstrate our method outperforms the state-of-art both in quantity and quality, the PSNR of demoiré images restored by HRDN reached 28.47, which is 0.72 higher than MopNet [1]. To facilitate research in image demoiréing we have published our code in github1.
Klasifikasi Kalimat Ilmiah Menggunakan 1D Convolutional Neural Networks

Kalimat-kalimat yang tuliskan dalam suatu karya ilmiah memiliki banyak sekali ragamnya yang dipengaruhi dari hasil rujukan yang berbeda. Keberagaman kalimat ilmiah tersebut dapat diklasifikasi berdasarkan kelas yang telah didefinisi. Pada penelitian sebelumnya telah menunjukan bahwa penggunaan arsitektur CNN dapat digunakan untuk klasifikasi kalimat dengan masukan berupa vektor kata. Vektor kata didapatkan melalui hasil praporses dan embedding dengan metode Word2vec. Proses klasifikasi dalam penelitian ini menggunakan 2019 data berupa kalimat tunggal yang diperoleh dari makalah ilmiah komputasi dan telah dilabeli kedalam empat kelas yaitu “Weak”, “Comparison”, “Point”, dan “Neutral”. Penelitian ini telah melakukan simulasi pengujian menggunakan CNNMultichannel dengan model optimasi Adam yang memilki learning-rate 0,001 menghasilkan akurasi 74,51% dengan nilai loss 0,82 sedangkan untuk model CNN-Singlechannel memperoleh akurasi sebesar 70,76% dan nilai loss 1,73. Dari serangkaian pengujian menunjukan bahwa untuk model terbaik dicapai ketika menggunakan model CNNMultichannel dengan skor F-Measure 45,55%.
In vivo toxicity and genotoxicity of beauvericin and enniatins. Combined approach to study in vivo toxicity and genotoxicity of mycotoxins beauvericin (BEA) and enniatin B (ENNB)

Beauvericin (BEA) and Enniatins (ENN) are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium fungi detected in food and feed; there are insufficient data to establish their reference values. To evaluate BEA and ENN oral toxicity, an integrated approach was applied. Among ENN, Enniatin B (ENNB) was selected as test substance. The approach is composed by: i) in vitro and acute in vivo genotoxicity tests; ii) a repeated-dose oral toxicity study focused on genotoxic, immune, endocrine, nervous endpoints and the reproductive/developmental toxicity screening. For BEA, all the genotoxicity endpoints yielded negative results excluding Comet assay in duodenum and kidney after repeated doses. BEA immunotoxicity was observed in female mice, concentrated in number and functional activity of effector T cells in the spleen. Based on the repeated-dose BEA study, the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for female mice is 1 mg/kg b.w. per day (increased thyroid pycnotic nuclei and endometrial hyperplasia). In males, the NOAEL is 0.1 mg/kg b.w. per day (reduced colloid and altered T4 serum levels). Maternal NOAEL is 0.1 mg/kg b.w. per day (increased thymus weight), developmental NOAEL is 10 mg/kg b.w. per day. For ENNB, the results support a genotoxic effect in bone marrow and liver cells after acute treatment, but not after repeated exposure. Immunotoxic ENNB effects were observed in both genders, suggestive of a suppressive/inhibiting activity particularly evident in males. Based on the repeated-dose ENNB study, the NOAEL for females is 0.18 mg/kg b.w. per day (histomorphometrical effects on thymus, uterus and spleen). In male mice, the NOAEL is 1.8 mg/kg b.w. per day (enterocyte vacuolization in duodenum and increased Reactive Oxygen Species and reduced Glutathione brain levels). The maternal NOAEL is 1.8 mg/kg b.w. per day (decreased white pulp area and increased red/white pulp area ratio in spleen), developmental NOAEL is 18 mg/kg b.w. per day.
Transition to where and to what? Exploring the experiences of transitions to adulthood for young disabled people

ABSTRACT Transition to adulthood for young disabled people remains a major policy failure across OECD countries. The support available is often inappropriate, fails to meet young peoples’ needs and they fall through the cracks, becoming lost in the system. Much of the work on transition takes a narrow approach, focussing on the shift from paediatric to adult services in health and social care. Drawing on interviews with young disabled people, collected as part of an evaluation of a new cash-based transitions fund, we explore transitions for young disabled people in Scotland. Like the wider personalisation agenda, this fund aims to promote autonomy and individual responsibility. We examine and critique this approach and argue that while the emphasis on young people and their families as social entrepreneurs can facilitate transition, it can also act as a barrier by failing to tackle broader structural constraints faced by young disabled people. We argue that whilst it is important to promote individual agency, structural disadvantage and inequality frame the transition process and these also have to be tackled. This is harder, and arguably more expensive, but without it there is a danger that attempts to improve transition for young disabled people will fail.
A Study Of Machine Translation Theories And Methods

The demand for language translation has greatly increased in recent times due to increasing cross-regional communication and the need for information exchange. Most material needs to be translated, including scientific and technical documentation, instruction manuals, legal documents, textbooks, publicity leaflets, newspaper reports etc. Some of this work is challenging and difficult but mostly it is tedious and repetitive and requires consistency and accuracy. It is becoming difficult for professional translators to meet the increasing demands of translation. In such a situation the machine translation can be used as a substitute. This paper intends to study methods and techniques of Machine Translation (MT). Through the following points: History of MT, Statistical MT, Types of MT, and evaluation of MT.
A representation for filtration-consistent nonlinear expectations and its application

Abstract In this paper, we consider filtration-consistent nonlinear expectations which satisfy a general domination condition. We show that filtration-consistent nonlinear expectations can be represented by g-expectations defined by the solutions of backward stochastic differential equations, whose generators are independent of y and uniformly continuous in z. As an application, we establish a concentration inequality for time-consistent risk measures.
Enhancement of clavulanic acid production by Streptomyces sp MU-NRC77 via mutation and medium optimization

Purpose: To enhance clavulanic acid production using UV-mutagenesis on Streptomyces sp. NRC77. Methods: UV-mutagenesis was used to study the effect of Streptomyces sp. NRC77 on CA production. Phenotypic and genotypic identification methods of the promising mutant strain were characterized. Optimization of the fermentation medium and culture conditions were investigated Results: Out of the screened mutants, 120A3 mutant isolate was selected as promising. The phenotypic properties of 120A3 mutant showed culture characteristics similar to those of Streptomyces species. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence indicate that this strain has similarity (99 %) to Streptomyces sp.T2-7; therefore it was suggested as Streptomyces sp. MU-NRC77 and has Gen Bank accession no. KT953342. Conclusion: Improvement of CA yield by 48 % was obtained from fermentation medium and culture condition optimization. Further optimization by addition of H 2 O 2 and activated charcoal to the production medium increased CA yield to 646.12 and 682.94 mg/L respectively, i.e., 83 % more than that obtained prior to addition. Keywords: Clavulanic acid, Medium optimization, Phenotypic and Genotypic identification, Streptomyces sp. MU-NRC77, UV-Mutagenesis
Joint use of 5G waveform UFMC and Non Uniform Constellations in DVB-T2

The Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial, second generation (DVB-T2) system has been the object of many research during the last decade and is now mature. This paper focuses on the identification of the maximum obtainable performance improvement of DVB-T2 CP-OFDM with NUCs in typical TU6 fading environment. It first concentrates on the ultimate improvement achievable using joint UFMC and NUCs in standardized DVB-T2 system. In these conditions, a 0.5 dB SNR improvement (for $\text{BER}=3.10^{-3}$) is reported in TU6 using CP-OFDM NUC 32K 256-QAM and $\text{CR}=1/2$ and 3/5 in place of sole CP-OFDM. Also, using in conjunction both studied technologies, namely UFMC NUC $32K$ 256-QAM $\text{CR}=1/2$ and 3/5, an SNR improvement of 1.2 dB (for $\text{BER}=3.10^{-3}$) is achievable which provides a good SNR margin e.g. to increase the emitter's coverage.
Molecular, morphological and physiological analyses of Mediophyceae diatoms in Bilbao Estuary

La evaluacion medioambiental de estuarios, rios o lagos se puede realizar basada en las comunidades de fitoplancton. En el estuario de Bilbao se lleva a cabo un monitoreo rutinario desde el ano 2000, con el objetivo de evaluar la calidad del agua. Para realizar esta evaluacion, se tienen en cuenta los grupos generales de fitoplancton en terminos taxonomicos, creando subgrupos en funcion del tamano celular y registrando su abundancia. De acuerdo con este procedimiento, las diatomeas centricas se clasificaban en tres grupos: 15 ? m (desde el ano 2000 al 2009) y 3-10? m; 10-15 ? m; > 15 ? m (desde 2010 a la actualidad). Esta evaluacion se hacia usando microscopia optica, la cual no es resolutiva a nivel de especie. Sin embargo, la identificacion de estas especies es importante porque se han registrado floraciones de diatomeas centricas al final de la primavera y el verano durante anos, siendo estas las especies dominantes del estuario. El objetivo de este estudio es demostrar que los grupos de diatomeas establecidos en clases de tamanos y analizados con microscopia optica, en realidad son grupos heterogeneos que contienen una gran diversidad especifica. Para ello se lleva a cabo una exhaustiva identificacion de las diferentes cepas de especies de la clase Mediophyceae a nivel morfologico y molecular, que revelaran una gran diversidad, incluyendo la presencia de especies cripticas o complejos de especies (como el caso del genero Skeletonema o el complejo de especies de Cyclotella meneghiniana). Estas especies, fueron sometidas, a los analisis anteriormente nombrados y a analisis fisiologicos complementarios para analizar su potencial como especies formadoras de floraciones en el area de estudio.
The roles of two small GTP-binding proteins Arl1 and Ypt6 in autophagy

Autophagy is a cellular degradation process that sequesters organelles or proteins into a double-membraned structure called the phagophore; this transient compartment matures into an autophagosome, which then fuses with the lysosome or vacuole to allow for hydrolysis of the cargo. Factors that control membrane traffic are also essential for each step of autophagy. Here we demonstrate that two monomeric GTP-binding proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Arl1 and Ypt6, which belong to the Arf/Arl/Sar protein family and the Rab family, respectively, and control endosome-trans-Golgi traffic, are also necessary for starvation-induced autophagy at 37°C. Using established autophagy-specific assays we found that cells lacking either ARL1 or YPT6, which exhibit synthetic lethality with one another, were unable to undergo autophagy at 37°C, although autophagy proceeds normally at the normal growth temperature, 30°C. Specifically, strains lacking one or the other of these genes are unable to construct the autophagosome because these two proteins are required for proper traffic of Atg9 to the phagophore assembly site (PAS) at 37°C. Using degron technology to construct an inducible arl1Δ ypt6Δ double mutant, we demonstrated that cells lacking both genes show defects in starvation-inducted autophagy at the permissive temperature. Arl1 and Ypt6 participate in autophagy by targeting the Golgi-associated retrograde protein complex (GARP) to the PAS to regulate the anterograde trafficking of Atg9. We also carried out a high copy number suppressor screen to identify genes that when overexpressed suppress the rapamycin-sensitive phenotype of arl1Δ and ypt6Δ strains at 37°C.
Real-Time Prediction of Students' Activity Progress and Completion Rates

In classrooms, some transitions between activities impose (quasi-)synchronicity, meaning there is a need for learners to move between activities at the same time. To make real-time decisions about when to move to the next activity, teachers need to be able to balance the progress of their students as they work at different paces. In this paper, we present a set of estimators that can be used in real time to predict the progress and completion rates of students working on computer-supported activities that can be divided into sequential subtasks. With our estimators, we investigate what effect the average progress rate of the class, a given number of previous steps, or weighting the proportion of progress assigned to each subtask has on predictions of students’ progress. We find that accounting for the average class progress rate near the beginning of the activity can improve predictions over baseline. Additionally, weighted subtasks decrease prediction accuracy for activities where the behaviour of faster students diverges from the average behaviour of the class. This paper contributes to our ability to provide accurate student progress predictions and to understand the behaviour of students as they progress through the activity. These real-time predictions can enable teachers to optimize learning time in their classrooms.
The role of serotonin in behavior

_______________________________________________________________ vi Abbreviations list _____________________________________________________ ix Figure Index ____________________________________________________________ x Supplemental Figure Index _________________________________________ xi Table Index ___________________________________________________________ xii 1 General Introduction ____________________________________________ 1 1.1 Serotonin: the maestro of the brain ___________________________ 2 1.2 Serotonergic system ____________________________________________ 3 1.3 Theories and hypothesis of 5-HT _______________________________ 5 1.4 Technical barriers ____________________________________________ 14 1.5 Optogenetics: the new neuroscience era ____________________ 16 1.6 Thesis expedition guide ______________________________________ 18 2 Optogenetic recruitment of dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons acutely decreases mechanosensory responsivity in behaving mice ________________________________________________________ 19 2.1 Abstract _______________________________________________________ 20 2.2 Introduction __________________________________________________ 20 2.3 Results _________________________________________________________ 22 2.4 Discussion _____________________________________________________ 30 2.5 Experimental procedures ____________________________________ 33
Consumption of dissolved organic carbon by Caribbean reef sponges

Sponges are conspicuous and abundant within the benthic fauna on Caribbean reefs. The ability of these organisms to efficiently capture carbon from particulate sources is well known and the importance of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) uptake has been recognized for several species. We surveyed DOC ingestion by seven sponge species common to Florida Keys reefs using nondisruptive sampling methods on undisturbed individuals. Three of the seven species exhibited significant DOC removal ranging from 13% to 24% of ambient concentrations. The tested species that removed DOC host large microbial consortia within their tissues, while the converse was observed for those that did not. This divergent behavior may suggest an important role for sponge associated microbes in the utilization of DOC by these species. The feeding behaviors of individuals of Xestospongia muta were then monitored over time to investigate its respiratory consumption of particulate and DOC. The uptake rates of dissolved oxygen (DO) and organic carbon by two undisturbed individuals revealed that DOC represented 96% of removed C, and that the tested individuals removed approximately equal quantities of C and DO. This demonstrates that X. muta largely satisfies its respiration demands through DOC consumption, and that DOC likely represents the dominant C source for biomass production and cell overturn in this species. These results further illustrate the metabolic importance of DOC to sponges, and suggest that these organisms are an important pathway for remineralizing organic matter on Caribbean reefs.
Different rates of biochar application change 15N retention in soil and 15N utilization by maize

Biochar application to soil may impact soil nitrogen (N) dynamics, but the effects on N uptake and utilization by crop remain largely unknown, especially the effects of the rate of biochar application. To investigate the effects of biochar on soil 15N retention rate and 15N utilization efficiency (15NUE) by maize, a six‐month 15N isotope tracer technique combined with in situ pot experiment was conducted in Mollisol. The experiment included four treatments: no biochar applied (CK) and biochar applied at the rates of 12 t ha−1 (P12), 24 t ha−1 (P24) and 48 t ha−1 soil (P48). Compared with CK, biochar application reduced soil bulk density and 15N loss rate, and significantly improved total N and 15N retention amount in the 0–30 cm soil depth. The P24 treatment had the largest increase in 15N retention rate throughout the 0–40 cm depth. After biochar application, the 15N uptake and 15NUE were significantly increased in the grain and leaf, which promoted grain yields. Contrary to this, the P48 treatment appeared to lower 15N uptake and 15NUE compared with P12 and P24. In conclusion, biochar application improves the potential of the soil to retain N and the improvement in 15N uptake and utilization are more pronounced in maize leaves and grain. Moreover, biochar application promotes 15N utilization in maize plant and improves maize yield. However, when biochar application rate is high (i.e. P48 treatment), the 15N retention by the soil and 15N utilization by the maize are reduced markedly compared with P12 and P24.
CUPRAC assay-guided profiling of antioxidant compounds in methanol extract of Lentinus squarrosulus Mont. mycelium

A cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC)-guided purification approach was performed on a methanol extract of Lentinus squarrosulus (LsqMeOH) by using reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography. Using reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography, three fractions were separated arbitrarily named FR1, FR2 and FR3. Results showed that FR2 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in CUPRAC assay (A 450 , 0.86) but not significantly different from LsqMeOH (A 450 , 0.84). FR1 and FR3 showed much lower absorbance, with values (A 450 , 0.21) and (A 450 , 0.36) respectively at 1 mg ml -1 . The most active fraction (F3) was further subjected to LC-MS/MS to obtain its detailed chemical profile. Uridine, ganoderic acid derivative, and flavonoids were the first time being found in L. squarrosulus antioxidative fractions. The present results indicate that the fraction extracts of L. squarrosulus possess antioxidant properties and can be used as free radical inhibitors. Therefore, this research suggested the potentials of L. squarrosulus as a source of antioxidant extract to be used in food industries (functional food).