Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resources do not limit compensatory response of a tallgrass prairie plant community to the loss of a dominant species

The effect of species loss on ecosystem productivity is determined by both the functional contribution of the species lost, and the response of the remaining species in the community. According to the mass ratio hypothesis, the loss of a dominant plant species, which has a larger proportionate contribution to productivity, is expected to exert an overwhelming effect on this important ecosystem function. However, via competitive release, loss of a dominant species can provide the opportunity for other plant species to establish, thrive and become abundant in the community, potentially compensating for the function lost. Furthermore, if resource limitation is removed, then the compensatory response of function to the loss of a dominant species should be greater and more rapid than if resources are more limiting. To evaluate how resources may limit compensation of above‐ground productivity to the loss of a dominant plant species, we experimentally removed the C4 perennial tallgrass, Andropogon gerardii, from intact plant communities. We added water for 4 years, as well as nitrogen in the fourth year, to test the effect of resource limitation on the compensatory response. Overall, above‐ground biomass production increased in the remaining community with both water and nitrogen addition. However, this increase in biomass production was not sufficient to fully compensate for the loss of A. gerardii, indicating water and nitrogen were not limiting short‐term compensation in this community. Following the removal of the dominant species, there was reordering of species abundances in the community, rather than changes in species richness. The C4 grass Bouteloua curtipendula was the most responsive species, increasing by 57.9% in abundance with water addition and 91.0% with both water and nitrogen addition. Despite this dramatic increase in abundance, its short stature and lower per capita biomass production prevented this species from compensating for the loss of A. gerardii. Synthesis. Short‐term compensation after the loss of a dominant plant species can be hastened by increased resource availability, but ultimately full compensation appears to be limited by the presence and abundance of species in the remaining community that possess traits that allow them compensate for the species lost.
Asymmetry of Risk Evolution in Crude Oil Market: From the Perspective of Dual Attributes of Oil

Investor emotional heterogeneity and oil dual attributes are the key factors that cause the asymmetry of risks in the international crude oil market. This paper uses the monthly data from April 2003 to October 2020 to identify the dynamic characteristics of oil’s commodity attribute and financial attribute, and this paper also analyzes the asymmetric characteristics of risk evolution and risk degree in the international crude oil market under the condition of oil returns heterogeneity. The empirical results show that: first, there is heterogeneity in the influence of oil attributes on the risk evolution and risk degree of the international crude oil market; second, the alternation of oil dual attributes has a significant asymmetric impact on the risk evolution of international crude oil market; third, the sudden change of international crude oil market risk caused by oil attributes is asymmetric under different oil returns trends. Based on the empirical conclusion, this paper puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations.
What Lies Beneath: The Role of Self-Efficacy, Causal Attribution Habits, and Gender in Accounting for the Success of College Students

Existing research has identified gender as a driving variable of student success in higher education: women attend college at a higher rate and are also more successful than their male peers. We build on the extant literature by asking whether specific cognitive variables (i.e., self-efficacy and causal attribution habits) distinguish male and female students with differing academic performance levels. Using a case study, we collected data from students enrolled in a general education course (sample size N = 400) at a large public university in the United States. Our findings indicate that while students’ course grades and cumulative college grades did not vary by gender, female and male students reported different self-efficacy and causal attribution habits for good grades and poor grades. To illustrate, self-efficacy for female students is broad and stretches across all their courses; in contrast, for male students, it is more limited to specific courses. These gender differences in cognition, particularly in accounting for undesirable events, may assist faculty members and advisors in understanding how students respond to difficulties and challenges.
Covid-19 period and competences in higher education- study on cooperation and assertivity

Within this pandemic associated with Covid-19, psychological health occupies a prominent place as a result of a situation of forced isolation. Impacts can lead to an increase in mental health disorders as well as a set of adaptive reactions inherent to the recovery. Cooperation is conceived as the ability to jointly operationalize knowledge, attitudes and skills with a view to achieving a common purpose; and assertiveness is conceived as a bilateral behaviour that emphasizes the importance of considering the desires, thoughts and feelings of both the sender and the recipient of the assertive message, predictive of academic success. In this line, the main objective of this study is to present the results of the application of the Global Cooperation Assessment Scale (EAGC) and the findings levels of the Global Assertiveness Assessment Scale (EAGA). The study used a non-probabilistic sample for convenience of 101 Portuguese higher education students. EAGC and EAGA are a self-registration closed-ended Likert type 5 points, closed-response scales that allows assessing the degree of competence in respondents' cooperation and assertiveness. Both scales were administered online in spring semester 2019/2020, with the link to the questionnaire being made available to students the computer platform ensuring the response of a single survey per respondent whose participation in the study was voluntary. The treatment of the information, as well as its statistical analysis, was supported by the R software (R Core Team, 2020), having been assured the confidentiality and anonymity of the respondents. Sociodemographic variables were also used, which seemed promising in contextualizing, interpreting, and discussing the results. The value of the sample mean obtained at EAGC=35 (± 6.5), thus revealing a high capacity for cooperation and in the EAGA=31 (± 5.53), thus revealing a high assertive competence who attend higher education.
Mie–Raman-Fluorescence lidar observations of aerosols during pollen season in the north of France 

Abstract. Multiwavelength Mie–Raman–fluorescence lidar of Lille University with the capability to measure three aerosol backscattering, two extinction coefficients and three linear depolarization ratios together with the fluorescence backscattering at 466 nm was used to characterize aerosols during the pollen season in the north of France for the period March – June 2020. The results of observations demonstrate that the presence of pollen grains in aerosol mixture leads to an increase of the depolarization ratio. Moreover, the depolarization ratio exhibits a strong spectral dependence increasing with wavelength, which is expected for the mixture containing fine background aerosols with low depolarization and strongly depolarizing pollen grains. High depolarization ratio correlates with the enhancement of the fluorescence backscattering, corroborating the presence of pollen grains. Obtained results demonstrate that simultaneous measurements of particle depolarization and fluorescence allows to separate dust, smoke particles and aerosol mixtures containing the pollen grains.
Patient and family advisory councils (PFAC) feedback as the voice of health care consumers

Background: Throughout the U.S., healthcare organizations continuously find ways to incorporate patient feedback with efforts to advance the delivery of patient-centered care. Patient and family advisory councils (PFACs) can be used as a strategy to better understand and honor the patient experience and improve care delivery thanks to patient input to obtain patient perspectives. The importance of formal efforts to incorporate the patient perspective is highlighted by the Comprehensive Primary Care Plus (CPC+) program implemented by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services which requires organizations to establish PFACs to receive funding. Site support for PFACs included a patient experience manager who oversaw recruitment and facilitated each clinic’s council meetings. Other support personnel consisted of the practice manager, physicians, care coordinators, and advanced practice providers. This study employed a leadership framework to better understand how health care organizations use PFACs to discover and define patient/family advisors perspectives and how they can be related to different styles of leadership continually evolving. This study surrounding the experiences of patient/family advisors and PFACs can be used for further research and to gain a better understanding of this topic. This research presented patient/ family advisors experiences, working together on patient family advisory councils with health care leaders, staff, providers, and managers, signaling the distinctive experiences of these participants which merits additional examination. There is further need for a meaningful discussion concerning the distinctive way doctors, providers and patients perceive the importance and meaning of medical encounters and patient and family engagement strategies.
Effects of blood pressure and heart rate circadian rhythms on left atrial function

Objective: We examined the associations among the circadian rhythms of blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and left atrial function in essential hypertensive patients. Methods: The study included 237 essential hypertensive patients who completed 24-h ambulatory BP, HR monitoring and two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE). The strain and strain rate images were studied, and the following parameters were measured: left atrial reservoir strain and strain rate (LAS-S and LASR-S), left atrial conduit strain and strain rate (LAS-E and LASR-E), and left atrial booster strain and strain rate (LAS-A and LASR-A). The left atrial stiffness index (LASI) was identified as the ratio of E/e’ to LAS-S. All participants were divided into three groups according to the percentage of nocturnal BP dipping (dippers, nondippers and reverse dippers). Results: The LASI was significantly higher in BP reverse dippers than in dippers and nondippers. LAS-S, LAS-E and LASR-E were significantly lower in BP reverse dippers than dippers and nondippers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age, night-time mean SBP and the percentage of nocturnal HR decline were independently related to an increased LASI. Conclusion: Impairment of the left atrial reservoir and conduit functions was correlated with abnormal BP and HR circadian rhythms in hypertension. Increased left atrial stiffness was associated with night-time SBP and the percentage of nocturnal HR decline.
Changes in the Biochemical Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Apples Stored in Controlled Atmosphere Conditions

Apples are an important component of the diet and are used in the food industry in the production of food products and beverages. The aim of the study was to determine the changes in the biochemical composition and physicochemical properties of apples stored in a controlled atmosphere. We studied the biochemical composition (sugars, ascorbic acid, soluble solids, and titratable acidity) and physicochemical properties (color coordinates, peel, and flesh firmness) in the apple samples before placing them in the controlled atmosphere chambers and at the end of the experiment 8 months later. The total content of sugars and soluble solids was found to increase in the samples of apples stored in I to VIII conditions. The study showed a decrease in titratable acidity in apple samples of all cultivars stored in I to VIII conditions. The values of C*, L*, a*, and b* co-ordinates of apple colors were evaluated. Apple samples stored in VI conditions were the lightest color, and their lightness was close to that of fresh fruit. The firmness of apple peel samples of the ‘Sampion’ cultivar stored in I and III–VI conditions increased. The study is valuable and proves that, under the studied conditions, it is possible to extend the time of the provision of apples to the consumers with minimal changes in their chemical composition and nutritional value.
Phase noise suppression in LC oscillators: Tutorial

This paper presents a comprehensive study of phase noise (PN) suppression in LC‐tank oscillators. The goal of this study is to provide designers with the latest techniques for reducing PN in cross‐coupled oscillators. To this end, we begin with a discussion of two prevalent PN models in oscillators: Hajimiri and Demir. We prefer the Hajimiri model because it does not involve very complicated math, and it offers engineers better insight into designing low‐PN oscillators in the two‐PN close‐in regions in an oscillator spectrum (1/f2 and 1/f3). In 1/f2 region, we show that a need for a large output‐voltage swing leads to Class D and B oscillators, and a large output‐current swing results in Class C oscillators. Also, reduction of the impulse sensitivity functions (ISFs) of an oscillator core can happen in Class F oscillators. A few solutions are presented for mitigating flicker noise up‐conversion, such as adding resistances, controlling the oscillation amplitude, decreasing the conduction angle, guiding the high‐frequency harmonics of current, and shifting the phase of VGS against VDS. We also provide a comparison of recent state‐of‐the‐art literature to show what constitutes a good PN in both 1/f2 and 1/f3 regions in cross‐coupled oscillators. We conclude that a cross‐coupled oscillator can reach the best performances in 1/f3 and 1/f2 PN regions if the oscillator is designed in Class C with the K block and uses the techniques of narrowing the conduction angle, the tail inductor, and the modified tank simultaneously.
Supper lattice structure transformation based on nonstoichiometric bismuth oxychloride

Two-dimensional layered materials (2DLMs) with intriguing properties are hot topics of current interest, which have been extensively explored in photocatalyst, photocathodes, sensors and nanoelectronic devices et al [1-2]. They are usually featured by a single atomthick or polyhedral-thick atomic layers with covalent or ionic bonding within each layer and van der Waals bonding. As such, the weak van der Waals interaction enables the possibilities of integrating 2DLMs with various nanoscale materials to create diverse van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) with functions that were not previously possible or tailoring their electronic and optoelectronic properties for functional devices [3].
Effects of Corruption and the Black Economy on Economic Growth in the CFA Franc Zone Countries

We conducted this study to empirically analyse the effects of corruption and the underground economy on economic growth in the case of the CFA franc zone countries over the period 2000-2016. To do so, we have carried out econometric estimations using panel data. Our empirical results obtained by the PMG (Pooled Mean Group) method confirm a negative relationship between economic growth and the underground economy in the short and long term. However, the long-run effect of corruption on economic growth is positive, while this effect becomes negative in the short run. The results could provide insight into different ways of fighting corruption and the shadow economy.
COVID Angels Fighting Daily Demons? Mental Health of Healthcare Workers and Religion

Relying on a unique survey of more than 15,000 respondents conducted from June to August 2020 in Italy, we show that priming religiosity in healthcare workers decreases the level of self‐assessed mental distress experienced during the first wave of the COVID‐19. We show that priming religiosity decreases self‐assessed mental distress by 9.5%. Consistent with the idea that religiosity serves as a coping mechanism, this effect is stronger for the more impacted categories (e.g., hospital workers) and for respondents facing more stressful situations, such as being reassigned due to the COVID‐19 emergency or working in a COVID‐19‐related specialty (e.g., emergency care), among others. Moreover, higher effects occurs also among physicians who self‐classify as religious, while this distinction does not apply for nurses.
The Correlation between Position and Duration Use of Laptops with Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)

The pandemic period forces all learning processes to be carried out online by utilizing internet facilities with a laptop. The position of using a laptop that is not ergonomic can cause musculoskeletal disorder. This study aims to determine the correlation between position and duration of student use of laptops during online learning with Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). This research is analytic observational with a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted on active students of the Medical Study Program, Muhammadiyah Palembang University, with 416 respondents. Primary data collection was taken using a questionnaire with a Nordic Body Map score. The analysis technique used the Chi-Square test. The results showed that the respondents had a high duration of laptop use (48.8%), with a not good position (42.3%). Most musculoskeletal disorders were felt in the neck (75.5%). There was a correlation between the position of using a laptop and musculoskeletal disorders (p 0.652). However, there was no correlation between the duration of laptop use and musculoskeletal disorders (p 0.002). It can be concluded that the position of using a laptop that is not ergonomic caused musculoskeletal disorders.
Incorporating Heuristic Evaluation (HE) in the Evaluation of Visual Design of the Eco-Tourism Smartphone App

Heuristic Evaluation (HE) has proven to be important in the development of different computer systems but has not been incorporated in the development of eco-tourism smartphone applications. This results inusability issues that significantly affect user experience (UX) as discussed in literature. This study reports the HE in the design and development of Niranur Agro Farm (NAF) eco-tourism smartphone applications, which could improve UX. Eight experts participated in this study, utilizing the SMART mobile usability heuristic developed for mobile application and the severity rating scale to determine usability issues. The HE findings indicated that 22 usability issues were identified. One issue was rated 4 (catastrophe), four issues were rated 3 (major problem), twelve issues were rated 2 (minor problem) and five issues were rated 1 (cosmetics). Although there are issues rated as 4 and 3, the majority of the issues were considered to be minor (1 and 2 on the scale). Results indicated that it is crucial to incorporate HE into the design and development of the eco-tourism smartphone app to minimize the usability issues faced by users. It further validated that utilizing a specific heuristic for smartphone applications would ensure that all usability issues are correctly categorized and remedied.
The Measurement of Unfrozen Water Content and SFCC of a Coarse-Grained Volcanic Soil

In frozen soils, a portion of pore water remains unfrozen due to the effects of capillarity, adsorption, and possibly solute. The variation of the amount of unfrozen water and ice in a frozen soil, which is primarily influenced by subzero temperature, has great impacts on the physical and mechanical behavior of the soil and is critical for broad applications ranging from engineering to climate change. In the present study, the various methods that have been used for determining unfrozen water (and ice) content are comprehensively reviewed. Their principles, assumptions, advantages, and limitations are discussed. It is noted that there is yet no perfect way to accurately quantify unfrozen water content in frozen soils. In addition, the soil-freezing characteristic curve (SFCC) of a typical volcanic soil sampled in the Hokkaido prefecture of Japan is investigated. The unfrozen water content of the prepared soil specimens was measured using a cheap moisture sensor, which is based on the frequency domain reflectometry technique. The temperature of the specimens was determined by a rugged temperature sensor. Different numbers of freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles and different freezing/thawing methods (i.e., one- and three-dimensional) were considered, and their effects on the SFCC were investigated. The experimental results suggest that neither the F-T cycles nor the freezing/thawing methods had significant influence on the measured SFCC. The presented comprehensive review and experimental investigations are of importance for both the scientific and engineering communities.
Analisis Support Vector Machine Untuk Pemberian Rekomendasi Penundaan Biaya Kuliah Mahasiswa

Rekomendasi penundaan pembayaran kuliah merupakan salah satu bentuk kebijakan yang diambil oleh suatu Perguruan Tinggi Swasta terhadap mahasiswanya. Ketika seorang mahasiswa mengajukan permohonan penundaan pembayaran maka secara tidak langsung bagian keuangan harus dapat mengklasifikasi mahasiswa yang akan membayar tepat waktu dan yang gagal bayar. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai akurasi tertinggi melalui algoritma SVM dalam memberikan rekomendasi penundaan pembayaran kuliah secara tepat bagi mahasiswa. Untuk mendapatkan akurasi tertinggi, pengujian dilakukan melalui 2 cara dengan 6 scenario pengujian, berdasarkan hasil pengujian pertama (membandingan antara jumlah data training dan testing) diketahui bahwa nilai akurasi akan berbanding lurus dengan banyaknya jumlah data training yang digunakan. Selain itu pemilihan jenis kernel yang digunakan juga akan mempengaruhi besarnya nilai akurasi yang dihasilkan, dan hal ini sesuai dengan hasil pengujian kedua yang dilakukan.
Synthetic Advances against Coronaviruses: A Short Review of the Recent Literature on Newly Synthetized Derivatives and Recently Developed Strategies

The coronavirus pandemic is a modern social emergency and the biggest global challenge since the Second World War. Since the pandemic began in China at the end of 2019, the disease spread to every landmass except Antarctica. The effect of antiviral drugs on the new corona virus has been tested, but no basic and complete cure has been found, although there are many drugs such as interleukin-6 inhibitor, monoclonal antibody and corticosteroid which remarkably reduced mortality of critically ill COVID-19 patients in a major clinical trial. Although not enough experimental data has been released yet, many researchers have hailed the result as a step in the right direction. In this review, a series of the newly chemical derivatives were synthesized and evaluated against human coronavirus. Many derivatives found to be active in inhibiting the cellular infection of human coronavirus which causes the SARS-CoV-2pandemic. This mini- review summarizes the synthesis of these new antiviral derivatives that target coronaviruses and describes general current strategies and models for developing antiviral drugs. The review aims to provide a starting point for medicinal chemists to synthesize necessary and effective drugs against coronaviruses.