Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender Neutral Language in (Greater) Buenos Aires, (Greater) La Plata, and Córdoba: An Analysis of Social Context Information Using Textual and Temporal Features

In this article, I explore Twitter data to analyze Gender Neutral Language (GNL) in (Greater) Buenos Aires, (Greater) La Plata, and Córdoba. The goal is to characterize the social context behind GNL. Social context analysis of social media data is challenging given that this data type does not contain the social characteristics of its users and the circumstances under which the tweets were written. In order to fill this gap, I will derive the social context information from textual and temporal features by analyzing the names of locations, companies, and people used in the text and relating these entities to the message of the tweet. The analysis of temporal features will give us insights into the correlation between language use and social events. Our results show that the general characterization of the social context behind GNL is associated with socio-economically rich areas in city centers. Users of GNL in the investigated areas address certain groups of people with words that express familiarity and close social relationships, such as those meaning “friends” and “neighbors” and that give them information about a political, cultural, or social event or concerning commercial products/services. The temporal analysis by month supports this characterization by showing that certain political and social events induce a higher frequency of GNL. This paper contributes to previous research on GNL in Argentina by testing existing hypotheses quantitatively. The new discovery presented here is that political activism is not the only language context in which GNL is used in social media and that GNL is not exclusively used in big cities of Argentina but also in smaller cities.
Comparative Gene Expression and Physiological Analyses Reveal Molecular Mechanisms in Wound-Induced Spore Formation in the Edible Seaweed Nori

Genetic reprogramming of differentiated cells is studied broadly in multicellular Viridiplantae as an adaptation to herbivory or damage; however, mechanisms underlying cell development and redifferentiation are largely unknown in red algae, their nearest multicellular relatives. Here we investgate cell reprogramming in the widely cultivated, edible seaweed Neopyropia yezoesis (“nori”), where vegetative cells in wounded blades differentiate and release as large numbers of asexual spores. Based upon physiological changes and transcriptomic dynamics after wound stress in N. yezoensis and its congener Neoporphyra haitanensis, another cultivar that does not differentiate spores after wounding, we propose a three-phase model of wound-induced spore development in N. yezoensis. In Phase I, propagation of ROS by RBOH and SOD elicites systematic transduction of the wound signal, while Ca2+ dependent signaling induces cell reprogramming. In Phase II, a TOR signaling pathway and regulation of cyclin and CDK genes result in cell divisions that spread inward from the wound edge. Once sporangia form, Phase III involves expression of proteins required for spore maturation and cell wall softening. Our analyses not only provide the first model for core molecular processes controlling cellular reprogramming in rhodophytes, but also have practical implications for achieving greater control over seeding in commercial nori farming.
Agrobacterium-Mediated Genetic Transformation of Embryogenic Callus in a Liriodendron Hybrid (L. Chinense × L. Tulipifera)

A highly efficient genetic transformation system of Liriodendron hybrid embryogenic calli through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation was established and optimized. The Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105, harboring the plasmid pBI121, which contained the ß-glucuronidase (GUS) gene and neomycin phosphotransferase II (npt II) gene under the control of the CaMV35S promoter, was used for transformation. Embryogenic calli were used as the starting explant to study several factors affecting the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of the Liriodendron hybrid, including the effects of various media, selection by different Geneticin (G418) concentrations, pre-culture period, Agrobacterium optical density, infection duration, co-cultivation period, and delayed selection. Transformed embryogenic calli were obtained through selection on medium containing 90 mg L−1 G418. Plant regeneration was achieved and selected via somatic embryogenesis on medium containing 15 mg L−1 G418. The optimal conditions included a pre-culture time of 2 days, a co-culture time of 3 days, an optimal infection time of 10 min, and a delayed selection time of 7 days. These conditions, combined with an OD600 value of 0.6, remarkably enhanced the transformation rate. The results of GUS chemical tissue staining, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and southern blot analysis demonstrated that the GUS gene was successfully expressed and integrated into the Liriodendron hybrid genome. A transformation efficiency of 60.7% was achieved for the regenerated callus clumps. Transgenic plantlets were obtained in 5 months, and the PCR analysis showed that 97.5% of plants from the tested G418-resistant lines were PCR positive. The study of the Liriodendron hybrid reported here will facilitate the insertion of functional genes into the Liriodendron hybrid via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.
Cryptic Methane-Cycling by Methanogens During Multi-Year Incubation of Estuarine Sediment

As marine sediments are buried, microbial communities transition from sulfate-reduction to methane-production after sulfate is depleted. When this biogenic methane diffuses into the overlying sulfate-rich sediments, it forms a sulfate-methane transition zone (SMTZ) because sulfate reducers deplete hydrogen concentrations and make hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis exergonic in the reverse direction, a process called the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). Microbial participation in these processes is often inferred from geochemistry, genes, and gene expression changes with sediment depth, using sedimentation rates to convert depth to time. Less is known about how natural sediments transition through these geochemical states transition in real-time. We examined 16S rRNA gene amplicon libraries and metatranscriptomes in microcosms of anoxic sediment from the White Oak River estuary, NC, with three destructively sampled replicates with methane added (586-day incubations) and three re-sampled un-amended replicates (895-day incubations). Sulfate dropped to a low value (∼0.3 mM) on similar days for both experiments (312 and 320 days, respectively), followed by a peak in hydrogen, intermittent increases in methane-cycling archaea starting on days 375 and 362 (mostly Methanolinea spp. and Methanosaeta spp., and Methanococcoides sp. ANME-3), and a methane peak 1 month later. However, methane δ13C values only show net methanogenesis 6 months after methane-cycling archaea increase and 4 months after the methane peak, when sulfate is consistently below 0.1 mM and hydrogen increases to a stable 0.61 ± 0.13 nM (days 553–586, n = 9). Sulfate-reducing bacteria (mostly Desulfatiglans spp. and Desulfosarcina sp. SEEP-SRB1) increase in relative abundance only during this period of net methane production, suggesting syntrophy with methanogens in the absence of sulfate. The transition from sulfate reduction to methane production in marine sediments occurs through a prolonged period of methane-cycling by methanogens at low sulfate concentrations, and steady growth of sulfate reducers along with methanogens after sulfate is depleted.
Multi-Faceted Effects of ST6Gal1 Expression on Precursor B-Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Normal early human B-cell development from lymphoid progenitors in the bone marrow depends on instructions from elements in that microenvironment that include stromal cells and factors secreted by these cells including the extracellular matrix. Glycosylation is thought to play a key role in such interactions. The sialyltransferase ST6Gal1, with high expression in specific hematopoietic cell types, is the only enzyme thought to catalyze the terminal addition of sialic acids in an α2-6-linkage to galactose on N-glycans in such cells. Expression of ST6Gal1 increases as B cells undergo normal B-lineage differentiation. B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemias (BCP-ALLs) with differentiation arrest at various stages of early B-cell development have widely different expression levels of ST6GAL1 at diagnosis, with high ST6Gal1 in some but not in other relapses. We analyzed the consequences of increasing ST6Gal1 expression in a diagnosis sample using lentiviral transduction. NSG mice transplanted with these BCP-ALL cells were monitored for survival. Compared to mice transplanted with leukemia cells expressing original ST6Gal1 levels, increased ST6Gal1 expression was associated with significantly reduced survival. A cohort of mice was also treated for 7 weeks with vincristine chemotherapy to induce remission and then allowed to relapse. Upon vincristine discontinuation, relapse was detected in both groups, but mice transplanted with ST6Gal1 overexpressing BCP-ALL cells had an increased leukemia burden and shorter survival than controls. The BCP-ALL cells with higher ST6Gal1 were more resistant to long-term vincristine treatment in an ex vivo tissue co-culture model with OP9 bone marrow stromal cells. Gene expression analysis using RNA-seq showed a surprisingly large number of genes with significantly differential expression, of which approximately 60% increased mRNAs, in the ST6Gal1 overexpressing BCP-ALL cells. Pathways significantly downregulated included those involved in immune cell migration. However, ST6Gal1 knockdown cells also showed increased insensitivity to chemotherapy. Our combined results point to a context-dependent effect of ST6Gal1 expression on BCP-ALL cells, which is discussed within the framework of its activity as an enzyme with many N-linked glycoprotein substrates.
Experimental and Numerical Study on the Anchorage Effect of Bolted Jointed Rock Masses

Anchor technology has become an irreplaceable geotechnical engineering reinforcement measure. To clarify anchorage effects and investigate the three-dimensional (3D) crack propagation process of bolted jointed rock masses, a series of physical model tests and 3D numerical simulations were performed, and optimal anchoring conditions of jointed rock masses are found. The results showed that a bolted jointed rock mass had stronger compressive performance and deformation capability, with crack propagation controlled, especially in the anchorage zone, and the formation and slip of shear zones also restrained. Meanwhile, the fractured location is transferred from the joint tip to the interface between the bolt and surrounding rock. The numerical simulation based on the damage model of rocks at the mesoscale and a nonlinear shearing–sliding model for anchoring interfaces were conducted with the FLAC3D code to reproduce the 3D crack propagation and the gradual damage of bolted jointed rock masses. The anchorage effect increased the crack initiation stress of jointed rock masses, but the zone where the bolt passed through the joint cracked more easily. Once onset of the instability stage of the bolted jointed rock mass, cracks began to propagate and penetrate gradually to the anchorage zone. In addition, under uniaxial compression, a “Z”-shaped shear stress concentration zone is observed in the bolt, which is mainly attributed to the role of the bolt on controlling shear failure along the joint plane and transverse dilatancy of the specimen. Better anchorage effects were achieved by installing bolts after deformation of the jointed rock mass had developed to a certain extent. The optimal anchor opportunity for a jointed rock mass varied with the joint angle. More specifically, for the rock mass with a joint angle of 75°, the anchorage effect was best when the bolt was installed at 40% peak strain of the jointed rock mass, while 10% peak strain was perfect for the bolted rock mass with a 45° joint angle.
LUX ARRHYTHMO Interacts With ELF3a and ELF4a to Coordinate Vegetative Growth and Photoperiodic Flowering in Rice

The evening complex (EC) plays a critical role in photoperiod flowering in Arabidopsis. Nevertheless, the underlying functions of individual components and coordinate regulation mechanism of EC genes in rice flowering remain to be elucidated. Here, we characterized the critical role of LUX ARRHYTHMO (LUX) in photoperiod perception and coordinating vegetative growth and flowering in rice. Non-functional alleles of OsLUX extremely extended vegetative phase, leading to photoperiod-insensitive late flowering and great increase of grain yield. OsLUX displayed an obvious diurnal rhythm expression with the peak at dusk and promoted rice flowering via coordinating the expression of genes associated with the circadian clock and the output integrators of photoperiodic flowering. OsLUX combined with OsELF4a and OsELF3a or OsELF3b to form two ECs, of which the OsLUX-OsELF3a-OsELF4a was likely the dominant promoter for photoperiodic flowering. In addition, OsELF4a was also essential for promoting rice flowering. Unlike OsLUX, loss OsELF4a displayed a marginal influence under short-day (SD) condition, but markedly delayed flowering time under long-day (LD) condition. These results suggest that rice EC genes share the function of promoting flowering. This is agreement with the orthologs of SD plant, but opposite to the counterparts of LD species. Taken together, rice EC genes display similar but not identical function in photoperiodic flowering, probably through regulating gene expression cooperative and independent. These findings facilitate our understanding of photoperiodic flowering in plants, especially the SD crops.
A Bibliometric and Trend Analysis of Applied Technologies in Bioengineering for Additive Manufacturing of Human Organs

The escalating demand for organ replacement in the entire world drives researchers and scientists to develop a new technology of 3D bioprinting. The advancement in additive manufacturing, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and 3D printing has made it possible to create tissues and regenerate damaged organs to their standard functionality. Different methods and other combinations are required to come up with a successful production of bio-inks for printing. Trend analysis conveys the rate of acceptance and emerging development in this technology and which aspects affect its continuous development such as ethical and legal issues, safety, risk, and accountabilities. In this study, bibliometric mapping is used to visualize the volume and co-occurrence relations between keywords, the number of citations and journals published from the past 18 years, and the authors who commonly write literature works about 3D bioprinting. The aim of this paper is to present the continuous development of this technology with the increasing number of published research in Scopus. Based on the polynomial growth of the trend, the predicted result shows that the number of publications may reach up to 850 in the year 2032 from the current 208 documents for the year 2021 and only two publications in the year 2003. The challenges that may hinder or slow down the growth of this technology are the following: (1) ethical and regulation issues, (2) policy in clinical practice including its accuracy, (3) unaccepted mechanical properties of materials for bioprinting, (4) process duration, and (5) the high cost of this biotechnology.
Learning-based lossless light field compression

We propose a learning-based method for lossless light field compression. The approach consists of two steps: first, the view to be compressed is synthesized based on previously decoded views; then, the synthesized view is used as a context to predict probabilities of the residual signal for adaptive arithmetic coding. We leverage recent advances in deep-learning-based view synthesis and generative modeling. Specifically, we evaluate two strategies for entropy modeling: a fully parallel probability estimation, where all pixel probabilities are estimated simultaneously; and a partially auto-regressive estimation, in which groups of pixels are predicted sequentially. Our results show that the latter approach provides the best coding gains compared to the state of the art, while keeping the computational complexity competitive.
Super-Voxel Graph Guided 3D Point Cloud Denoising

This paper presents a method for 3D point cloud denoising using super-voxel structures. First, we define a topological relation and a distance metric of points based on the local coordinate system. Then, a K-means method is used to generate over-segmentation results, e.g. super-voxels. The super-voxel structure provides a means to produce an elastic framework over the original data. An iterative denoising method is then conducted to project points to an expected surface. Finally, we use a normal consolidation process to further adjust the point distribution. The efficiency of the proposed method is verified by experiments and comparisons.
Effect of Airgap Length on Electromagnetic Performance of Permanent Magnet Vernier Machines With Different Power Ratings

This article investigates the effect of airgap length on the electromagnetic performance of direct-drive surface mounted permanent magnet Vernier (SPM-V) machines with different power ratings. Using 3 kW machine as an example, its performance is comprehensively compared with a conventional SPM machine with the same airgap lengths using two-dimensional finite-element analysis. For each airgap length, the slot/pole number combination for the SPM-V machine is investigated to achieve the optimal performance compared to the conventional SPM machine. In order to make the study more generic, the slot/pole number and the airgap length variations are expressed as normalized pole pitch, i.e., <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\overline {{{\boldsymbol{\tau }}_{\boldsymbol{r}}}} $</tex-math></inline-formula> (ratio of rotor pole pitch to electromagnetic airgap length). The results show that for 3 kW machines, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\overline {{{\boldsymbol{\tau }}_{\boldsymbol{r}}}} $</tex-math></inline-formula> >2.2 is a good design criterion for the SPM-V machines to achieve higher average torque and efficiency than the conventional SPM machines. In addition, a reasonably good power factor (>0.9 in this case) can be achieved. Although the power factor of SPM-V machines drops significantly at multi-MW power level, i.e., 3 and 10 MW, the criterion <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\overline {{{\boldsymbol{\tau }}_{\boldsymbol{r}}}} $</tex-math></inline-formula> >2.2 still results in achieving a performance closest to their optimal capability. However, when <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\overline {{{\boldsymbol{\tau }}_{\boldsymbol{r}}}} $</tex-math></inline-formula> >2.2, special consideration should be paid to avoid potential irreversible magnet demagnetization at multi-MW power levels.
Study on Identification of Dynamics of Underwater Manipulator and its Trajectory Planning Based on Minimum Energy Consumption

Recently, ROV and AUV are often used in the maintenance of the offshore structures and the development of the ocean resources. These operations are carried out with underwater manipulator of the robot. As the energy consumption of untethered type ocean robot is limited, it is required to save energy during operation. But in order to calculate the target trajectory for minimum energy consumption, precise mathematical model of the dynamics of the manipulator is required.In this paper, we try to apply the Learning Feed-Forward Controller (LFFC) to identify the dynamics of the controlled object, especially friction force acting on the joint. Using the identification results, we formulate and calculate the trajectory of the minimum energy consumption, then examine the effect of the trajectory planning method by model experiments.As a result of the study, it is shown that the dynamics of the controlled object can be identified precisely with LFFC, and that the trajectory obtained from the solution of the two point boundary value problem is nearly equal to the actual trajectory of minimum energy consumption.
A recursive, parallelizable, radial layout algorithm for interactive graph visualization and animation

We have developed (1) an interactive graph visualization system that allows users to explore graphs by viewing them as a succession of spanning trees selected interactively, (2) a radial graph layout al-gorithm, and (3) an animation algorithm that generates meaningful visualizations and smooth transitions between graphs while minimizing edge crossings during transitions and in (cid:2)nal layouts. Our system is similar to the radial layout system of Yee et al. [25], but differs primarily in that each node is positioned on a coordinate system centered on its own parent rather than on a single coordinate system for all nodes. Our system is thus easy to de(cid:2)ne recursively and lends itself to parallelization. It also guarantees that layouts have many nice properties. We compared the layouts and transitions produced by our algorithms to those produced by Yee et al. Results in several experiments indicate that our system produces fewer edge crossings during transitions between graph drawings, and that the transitions more often involve changes in local scaling rather than structure. These (cid:2)ndings suggest the system has promise as an interactive graph exploration tool in a variety of settings.
V3 Interneurons are Active and Recruit Spinal Motor Neurons During In Vivo Fictive Swimming in Larval Zebrafish

Survival for vertebrate animals is dependent on the ability to successfully find food, locate a mate, and avoid predation. Each of these behaviors requires motor control, which is set by a combination of kinematic properties. For example, the frequency and amplitude of motor output combine in a multiplicative manner to determine features of locomotion such as distance traveled, speed, force (thrust), and vigor. Although there is a good understanding of how different populations of excitatory spinal interneurons establish locomotor frequency, there is a less thorough mechanistic understanding for how locomotor amplitude is established. Recent evidence indicates that locomotor amplitude is regulated in part by a subset of functionally and morphologically distinct V2a excitatory spinal interneurons (type II, non-bursting) in larval and adult zebrafish. Here we provide direct evidence, for the first time, that most V3 interneurons (V3-INs), which are a developmentally and genetically defined population of ventromedial glutamatergic spinal neurons, are active during fictive swimming. We also show that elimination of the spinal V3-IN population reduces the proportion of active MNs during fictive swimming but does not alter the range of locomotor frequencies produced. These data are consistent with V3-INs providing excitatory drive to spinal motor neurons and contributing to the production of locomotor amplitude, but not frequency, during swimming in larval zebrafish. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Currently, there is a limited understanding about the cellular and spinal network properties that produce locomotor amplitude, defined as limb displacement in limbed animals or tail-bend in non-limbed animals during locomotion. Here we show, directly for the first time in a vertebrate, that V3 interneurons (V3-INs) in zebrafish larvae are active during in vivo fictive locomotion, and that targeted ablation of the spinal V3-IN population reduces the proportion of active motoneurons during fictive swimming. Importantly, ablation of V3-INs does not affect locomotor frequency (speed), which clarifies their role in motor control rather than rhythm generation. Thus, we propose that the V3-IN population is a source of excitation in the vertebrate locomotor neural circuitry that regulates locomotor amplitude independently of speed.