Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combining interaction nets with externally defined programs

Many calculi for instance the calculus and term rewriting systems have bene tted from extensions especially to include data structures and operations which are more naturally de ned in another language A simple example of this is PCF where the calculus is extended to include natural numbers and some basic functions over this type which avoids having to use ine cient encodings of numbers In this paper we present a generalization of interaction nets along these lines We begin by adding a xed set of constants and prede ned functions before presenting the main contribution of the paper which is a system of interaction nets combined with an external language where functions and richer data types can be de ned
Simple, Inexpensive and Ecologically Friendly Derivative Spectrophotometric Fluconazole Assay from Nail Lacquer Formulations

Nail lacquers represent new drug form specifically designed to treat infected nail plate. They are complex organic solutions with specific assaying problems due to the high content of the polymer and plasticizer. Furthermore, there is a lack of assaying methods of active substances from this type of formulations in scientific literature. We developed derivative UV-spectrophotometric method for determination of fluconazole content in antifungal nail lacquer formulations. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, precision (repeatability), intermediate precision and accuracy (recovery). The method is specific, linear in the range of 99.53 - 497.65 μg/ml, precise and showed good recovery (98.79% - 101.77% from all six developed formulations). Besides, it is inexpensive, simple and nontoxic, i.e. ecologically acceptable. This method can be used for assaying fluconazole from this type of formulations.
Impact of Split Gate in a Novel SOI MOSFET (SPG SOI) for Reduction of Short-Channel Effects: Analytical Modeling and Simulation

In this paper a comprehensive investigation of a novel device called split-gate silicon-on-insulator MOSFET (SPG SOI MOSFET) is proposed to reduce short-channel effects (SCEs). Studying the device has been done by analytical approach and simulation. In the proposed structure the gate is split into two parts. A voltage difference exists between the two parts. It is demonstrated that the surface potential in the channel region exhibits a step function. Some improvements are obtained on parameters such as SCEs, hot-carrier effect (HCE), and drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL). The accuracy of the results obtained by use of the analytical model is verified by ATLAS device simulation software. The obtained results of the model are compared with those of the single-gate (SG) SOI MOSFET. The simulation results show that the SPG SOI MOSFET performance is superior.
Analysis of the Flow Structure in a Radial Turbine.

The flow in a radial-inflow turbine composed of a vaned stator and a centripetal impeller is studied thanks to steady-state and unsteady numerical simulations in order to identify the aerodynamic structures that are potential acoustic sources and guide the development of an acoustic analytical model. The main flow structures and secondary flows are first identified, and then linked to blade and vane surface-pressure fluctuations. The rotor-stator interaction is identified as the main potential acoustic source. The tip leakage flow is studied in details and appears only of secondary importance at this operating point. The two main rotor-stator interaction mechanisms are : the impact of the stator wakes on the impeller blades, and the brushing of the shock attached to the stator trailing edge on the impeller blades.
Rigorous Design of a Compact, Low-Speed, Open-Loop Wind Tunnel

Currently available literature regarding the design of fluid flow systems tend to focus on the specific system without providing a general guideline for how to address the design problem. This thesis focuses on developing such a general approach which is applied to the design of a wind tunnel meant for the University of Windsor. It is shown that, by applying the first principles of fluid mechanics to the problem, the components required, for operation of the wind tunnel within set constraints and requirements are identified. Numerical simulations are performed in two parts: 1) two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations, which enable a parametric study of each component, and 2) three-dimensional computations, which provide a more accurate estimation of the performance of the wind tunnel. By following these steps, it is found that computational cost is greatly reduced by first sizing the components during the parametric study. The metrics used to assess the wind tunnel performance are the flow non-uniformity and the total pressure loss coefficient throughout the tunnel. The first principles based approach yields a set of components, respecting the constraints set while two-dimensional computations allows the determination of the wind tunnel dimensions and estimation of its performance, which is verified by a three-dimensional computation. Employing this approach, a successful wind tunnel design rated with a maximum volume flow rate of 12.9 m^{3}/s at a test section inlet velocity of 40 m/s with the ability to be attached to different test sections is achieved. This wind tunnel comprises a fan followed by a constant area duct leading to a diffuser, which is attached to a flow conditioner. The last component is a nozzle directing the flow into the test section. The wind tunnel operates with an estimated 8% flow non-uniformity at the nozzle exit together with a total pressure loss coefficient of 0.238 based on the test section inlet dynamic pressure.
Analysis of Accelerator Companies: An Exploratory Case Study of Their Programs, Processes, and Early Results

The current study utilizes an exploratory case study approach to examine leading accelerator companies in the United States. Specifically, five of the top seed capital companies or accelerators in America were selected and analyzed for purposes of this study. Due to the brief existence of accelerator companies, the limited number of graduates from accelerator programs, and limited quantitative data available, three extensive within-case and three between-case analyses were conducted. The accelerators were examined through case studies, interviews, website analysis, and observation. The results led to propositions that accelerator companies use unique selection criteria and have higher success rates for their graduates. Success rates were based on new ventures that continued to receive subsequent funding or continued to pursue business endeavors versus those who failed. Findings indicate that mentorship driven programs increase the overall success rates of start-ups by providing entrepreneurs with access to angel investors and venture capitalists which tend to increase success rates.
The effect of intense intermittent training with and without taking vitamin E on mRNA expression of p53/PTEN tumor suppressing genes in prostate glands of male rats

Physical activity and diet are the most important modifiable determinants of cancer risk. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of intense intermittent training with and without taking vitamin E on expression of p53 and PTEN tumor suppressing genes in the prostate gland of male rats. For this purpose, 50 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups: [1] control (CON, n = 10), [2] sham (S, n = 10), [3] intense intermittent training (IIT, n = 10), [4] intense intermittent training + vitamin E (IIT + VE, n = 10), [5] vitamin E (VE, n = 10). Protocol of this study was implemented for 6 days per week for 6 weeks, with observing the overload principle on the motorized treadmill. After implementing training protocol, expression rate of p53 and PTEN genes reduced significantly (p<0.000, p<0.031, respectively). Taking vitamin E with intermittent training caused significant reduction in p53 expression (p<0.013), while it caused significant increase in expression of PTEN (p<0.035). These results showed that intense intermittent training reduces expression of p53 and PTEN tumor suppressing genes and taking supplementation vitamin E along with this type of training could cause different effects in expression of these tumor suppressor genes.
Effects of fatigue on movement variability during stretch-shortening cycle

Although lower limb injury has been linked to fatigue, it is unknown whether movement variability may act as a protective mechanism, possibly reducing the risk of an athlete developing an overuse injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the effects of fatigue on movement variability during the stretch-shortening cycle. Thirteen male athletes performed a submaximal stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) fatigue protocol, with three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic recorded for each participant’s lower limbs. When fatigued, athletes substantially increased their movement variability, whilst maintaining similar kinematics compared to when non-fatigued, suggesting that athletes with flexible motor behaviours and adaptability increase their movement variability when fatigued and, in turn, may decrease their risk of a developing an overuse injury.
A MPPT ALGORITHM BASED PV SYSTEM CONNECTED TO SINGLE PHASE VOLTAGE CONTROLLED GRID

Future ancillary services provided by photovoltaic (PV) systems could facilitate their penetration in power systems. In addition, low-power PV systems can be designed to improve the power quality. This paper presents a single-phase PV system that provides grid voltage support and compensation of harmonic distortion at the point of common coupling thanks to a repetitive controller. The power provided by the PV panels is controlled by a Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm based on the incremental conductance method specifically modified to control the phase of the PV inverter voltage. Simulation and experimental results validate the presented solution. Index Terms—Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm, shunt controller, single-phase photovoltaic (PV) inverter.
NEURAL NETWORK BASED LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL FOR RESTRUCTURING POWER INDUSTRY

In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) application of load frequency control (LFC) of a Multi-Area power system by using a neural network controller is presented. The comparison between a conventional Proportional Integral (PI) controller and the proposed artificial neural networks controller is showed that the proposed controller can generate an improved dynamic response for a step load change. The same technique is then applied to control a system compose of two single units tied together though a power line. Electric load variations can happen independently in both units. Both neural controllers are trained with the back propagation-through-time algorithm. Use of a neural network to model the dynamic system is avoided by introducing the Jacobian matrices of the system in the back propagation chain used in controller training. For this application, MATLAB-Simulink software is used.
Pooled Unit Root Tests in Panels with a Common Factor

This paper proposes new pooled panel unit root tests that are appropriate when the data exhibit cross-sectional dependence that is generated by a single common factor. Using sequential limit arguments, we show that the tests have a limiting normal distribution that is free of nuisance parameters and that they are unbiased against heterogenous local alternatives. Our Monte Carlo results indicate that the tests perform well in comparison to other popular tests that also presumes a common factor structure for the cross-sectional dependence.
Isolation and Characterization of SDS-degrading Pseudomonas aeruginosa sp. strain D1

Surfactants are synthetic organic chemicals that are formulated to have cleansing or solubilisation properties. With the development of the industrial economy and increase in population density, surfactants have become one of the most widely disseminated xenobiotics to enter the aquatic environment, creating a serious environmental problem. Their toxicities to organisms have been demonstrated previously. The main objective of this study was to isolate and characterize local bacteria with the potential to degrade Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS), a widely used anionic surfactant. Screening was carried out by the enrichment culture technique and the isolate was tentatively identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa sp. using BiologTM GN plates and partial 16S rDNA phylogeny. The optimal growth conditions in minimal medium and for degradation of SDS by Pseudomonas aeruginosa sp. were at 30°C and at pH 6.5 using phosphate buffer system. Sodium nitrate; at 8.0gL -1 was found to be the best nitrogen source. The isolated strain exhibited optimum growth at SDS concentration of 1gL -1 but can tolerate up to 14gL -1 SDS, indicating that this isolate was able to survive in a relatively high concentration of SDS. 100% of 1.0gL -1 SDS was completely degraded after 5 and 2 days of incubation before and after optimization respectively.
The Effects of Financial Reporting Standards on Tax Avoidance and Earnings Quality: A Case of an Emerging Economy

This paper analyses the implications of adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for accounting information quality and tax avoidance. It employs a sample of 119 firms after the implementation of IFRS to test for two related hypotheses. First, IFRS reduces the incidence of tax avoidance as the level of earnings quality increases when firms use internal funding to increase their profitability levels. Building on these results, the second test suggests that the relatively high quality earnings and low incidence of tax avoidance among firms in Ghana is attributed to the adoption of IFRS and the interaction of firm size to equity capital and the strategy of firms in Ghana to finance their operations with debt.
Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Associated with Tuberculosis Suspected Patients in Basra Governorate, South of Iraq

Objective: To investigate extended spectrum β- lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from sputum of tuberculosis suspected patients in Basra governorate. Methods: A total of 28 (30.4 %) isolates of K. pneumoniae were recovered from 92 sputum clinical specimens at Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases Center (PRDC) in Basra Governorate, Iraq. All these isolates were tested for ESBL production by using chromogenic media. Results: Of 28 isolates of K. pneumoniae, 6 (21.4%) were positive for ESBL production. Conclusion: This finding demonstrates a high percentage of ESBL producers among clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae. Presence of ESBL producing K. pneumoniae associated with TB patient gives a high risk factor to patients.
Language and Cognition in Bilinguals and Multilinguals: An Introduction

1. Introduction. 2. Early Bilingualism and Age Effects on (First and) Second Language Learning. 3. Late Foreign Vocabulary Learning and Lexical Representation. 4. Comprehension Processes: Word Recognition and Sentence Processing. 5. Word Production and Speech Accents. 6. Language Control. 7. Cognitive Consequences of Bilingualism and Multilingualism. 8. Bilingualism and the Brain.
Ecosystem service and biodiversity trade-offs in two woody successions

Summary 1. Many grasslands worldwide are undergoing succession to woody vegetation, causing complex effects on carbon (C) sequestration, nutrient cycling and biodiversity. Land managers are frequently tasked with maximizing ecosystem services and biodiversity. Nonetheless, there are few studies quantifying trade-offs between ecosystem services and biodiversity during early woody succession. 2. We assessed the consequences of woody succession for C stocks, above- and below-ground taxa richness (plants, nematodes, mites, microbes, fungi), and soil ecosystem function at one site with a native tree, Kunzea ericoides, and one site with a non-native tree, Pinus nigra, both establishing in conservation grasslands. 3. Woody succession at both sites was associated with large gains in above-ground C stocks and, under P. nigra, losses from the mineral soil-C pool. 4. Taxa richness responses were complex, nonlinear and incongruent. While some taxa showed initial increases in richness with woody succession (e.g. plants), other taxa had rapid declines (e.g. plant-feeding and plant-associated nematodes, oribatid mites). 5. Below-ground ecosystem functioning shifted towards increased bacterial energy channels with woody succession, despite no change in bacterial or fungal biomass or fungal hyphal lengths. Most other soil measures were consistent with literature expectations (increased C:N ratios, release of recalcitrant phosphorus). 6. Synthesis and applications. Our gradient-based measurements of woody succession effects on ecosystems did not follow expectations based on comparing end-points of grasslands to homogeneous mature forest. The discordance of biodiversity responses across taxonomic groups suggests that managers cannot rely on the indicator-species concept to ensure conservation of cryptic biodiversity. Carbon sequestration and biodiversity followed non-congruent patterns, with significant losses of taxa richness from some functional groups during woody succession. Management to maximize individual ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration may therefore result in significant negative effects on biodiversity of some, but not all, taxa.
Adjuvant effects of different TLR agonists on the induction of allergen-specific Th2 responses

Currently different Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are tested in humans for their ability to enhance the efficacy of specific immunotherapy (SIT). Recent clinical data suggest that this may be achieved by increasing allergen-specific Th1 responses. However, it is not clear which TLR agonist is best suited to be used in combination with SIT. We tested the ability of five TLR agonists, LTA, poly(I:C), LPS, R848, and CpG-ODN, activating TLR2, 3, 4, 7, and 9, to induce allergen-specific Th1 and suppress allergen-specific Th2 responses in a preclinical setting. Mice were immunized by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA)/Al(OH)3 together with different doses (0.0025, 0.025, 0.25, and 2.5 mg/kg) of agonists followed by two OVA aerosol challenges. The results of these experiments showed, that the suppression of allergen-specific Th2 responses and the induction of Th1 responses dependedon the dose and the agonists used. All TLR agonists increased allergen-specific IgG2a, and with the exception of poly(I:C), reduced allergen-specific IgE levels in the serum. Allergic cutaneous anaphylaxis was also suppressed in mice when LPS or CpG was given together with OVA/alum. The strongest Th1 responses were induced by CpG and poly(I:C), characterized by the presence of IFN-g in the BAL and the highest OVA-specific IgG2a levels in the serum. This study suggests that the TLR9 agonist CpG-ODN and TLR4 agonist LPS have the strongest suppressive effects on the development of aller-gen-specific Th2 responses in mice and CpG-ODN induces the strongest allergen-specific Th1 responses. Therefore these two TLR agonists may be good candidates to combine with allergen in novel SIT formulations in humans.
Offset Credits in the EU Emissions Trading System: A Firm-Level Evaluation of Transaction Costs

International offset certificates have systematically traded at a lower price than European Union Allowances (EUAs), although they are perfect substitutes. Firms therefore had a strong incentive to use the cheaper certificates up to the maximum quantity fixed by the regulator. This study highlights that a considerable number of firms did not use their offset credit entitlement and by doing so seemingly forwent profits, which supports the idea that significant transaction costs exist in carbon permit trade. While most of the literature on emission trading evaluates the efficiency of regulation in a frictionless world, firms in reality face managerial costs of compliance with regulation. This study examines the use of international offset credits within the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) for carbon dioxide, in order to assess the relevance of such managerial and information-related transaction costs. This study further establishes a model of firm decision under fixed entry costs and estimates the size of transaction costs rationalizing firm behavior using both standard parametric and semi-parametric binary quantile regression methods. These costs appear to be sizable and make active optimization of compliance unprofitable for many small emitters. It appears that a large portion of these transaction costs stems from participation in the EU ETS in general, rather than additional participation in the offset trade.
Modelling of Turbulent Premixed Stratified Combustion with Multiple Mapping Conditioning Mixing Mode

A hybrid Euler/Lagrange approach is used to model stratified lean premixed combustion in a turbulent flow. Large eddy simulations (LES) are coupled with an artificially thickened flame (ATF) approach for the computation of the reaction progress variable. This approach is combined with a sparse Lagrangian particle method for the modelling of the inner flame structure. A multiple mapping conditioning (MMC) mixing model is applied to prevent direct mixing across the flame front. Predicted flame structures are compared with measurements of a stratified premixed laboratory flame yielding good agreement and demonstrating the model’s capability to predict relatively thin flames and to approximate a flamelet-like inner flame structure.
Anal Invasive Squamous Cell Cancer and Human Papillomavirus Distribution in HIV-Infected and Non-HIV-Infected Individuals

Invasive-squamous-cell-cancer (ISCC) of the anal canal is an uncommon disease. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological agent of most of types of ISCC. The incidence of ISCC has been increasing in HIV-infected individuals, even after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. The aim of this study was to analyze biopsy specimens from patients diagnosed with ISCC at a tertiary hospital from 1983 to 2012 in order to detect HPV-DNA. Methods: Formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from patients with ISCC underwent HPV-DNA genotyping using multiplex PCR assay. Results: A total of 31 cases were collected; 10 were HIV-infected (9 men, 1 woman) and 21 non-HIV-infected (11 men, 10 women). HPV infection was detected in 87.5% (7/8) of the HIV-infected patients (DNA from 2 biopsies was degraded) and 76.2% (16/21) of non-HIV-infected individuals. Multiple-type infections were only found in 28.6% (2/7) of the HIV-infected patients (no multiple-type infections in non-HIV-infected individuals). The most prevalent type was HPV-16: 50% (4/8) in the HIV-infected group (57% [4/7] of the HPV-positive samples) and 66.7% (14/21) in the non-HIV-infected group (87.5% (14/16) of the HPV-positive samples). Remarkably, 37.5% (3/8) of the HIV-infected group had high-risk HPV types not included in the vaccines (HPV-33, 51, 52, and 66) compared with 4.8% in the non-HIV-infected group (1/21, HPV-52). All cases of anal ISCC in HIV-infected patients were recorded in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. Conclusion: HIV-infected patients presented anal ISCC with a higher proportion of high-risk HPV types not covered by the conventional vaccines than non-HIV-infected individuals.
On the determinants of banking efficiency in four new European Union Member States: the impact of structural reforms

We employ the stochastic frontier methodology and estimate alternative profit efficiency in the banking industry of four new European Union Member States, namely the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and the Slovak Republic, over the period 1999-2003. Our results show that structural reforms in the banking industry improve performance in terms of higher efficiency, whereas the institutional development of the non-bank financial sector hinders banks’ profit efficiency.