Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A cDNA Encoding a 19-Kilodalton Subunit of Protoplast-Release-Inducing Protein from Closterium

A sex pheromone, a PR-IP, which is composed of 19and 42-kD subunits, has been known to be produced by and released from mt+ cells during sexual communication and induce the release of protoplasts from mtcells (Sekimoto et al., 1990). The induction of protoplast release by PR-IP proceeds only after an appropriate preculture period under continuous light (Sekimoto and Fujii, 1992). During the preculture stage, mtcells might differentiate from vegetative cells to gametes, and a receptor for a 19-kD subunit of PRIP appears on the cell membranes (Sekimoto et al., 1993b). On the other hand, the existence of another sex pheromone, “PR-IP Inducer,” which was produced by mtcells and causes the release of PR-IP from mt+ cells (Sekimoto et al., 1993a), has been demonstrated. Recently, we obtained partial cDNA fragments for both subunits of PR-IP by combined reverse transcription-PCR from total RNA that was extracted from mt+ cells incubated for 8 h with PR-IP Inducer (Sekimoto et al., 1994a). A gene encoding the full-length 42-kD subunit of PR-IP was isolated using the partial cDNA fragment for 42-kD subunit as a hybridization probe (Sekimoto et al., 1994b). We have successfully cloned a gene encoding full-length 19-kD subunit of PR-IP from a cDNA library constructed from PR-IP Inducer-treated Closterium mt+ cells. The cDNA contains an open reading frame of 504 bp encoding a 168amino acid protein (Table I). The deduced polypeptide contains a 40-amino acid putative signal peptide and a 128amino acid mature polypeptide, which was deduced by amino acid sequencing of purified polypeptide (Sekimoto et al., 1994a). A computer search using the amino acid sequence and the nucleotide sequence failed to reveal any homologies to known proteins. This indicates the novelty of structure of the polypeptide, as well as that of the function as a subunit of sex pheromone during the sexual reproduction in the Closterium.
Structure and expression of the vaccinia virus gene which prevents virus-induced breakdown of RNA

Three noncomplementing vaccinia virus temperature-sensitive mutants, ts4, ts22, and ts23, exhibit an abortive late phenotype characterized by the simultaneous cessation of protein synthesis, the breakdown of rRNA and viral mRNA, and an increase in intracellular concentrations of 2'-5'-linked oligoadenylates late during infection at the nonpermissive temperature (R.F. Pacha and R.C. Condit, J. Virol. 56:395-403, 1985; R.J. Cohrs, R.C. Condit, R.F. Pacha, C.L. Thompson, and O.K. Sharma, J. Virol. 63:948-951, 1989). We have identified the virus gene affected by the abortive late mutants, determined its DNA sequence, and analyzed its transcription. The gene resides in the HindIII A DNA fragment, it has a predicted coding capacity of 57 kilodaltons, and it is transcribed both early and late during infection. The early transcript of the abortive late gene is unusual; it contains a 426-nucleotide 5' untranslated region, and it must be synthesized by transcription through an early transcription termination signal which is located in the middle of the gene in a hairpin loop structure. DNA sequence and transcription analysis of two flanking genes is also presented.
Inhibitory effect of synthetic cannabinoids on cytokine production in rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes.

OBJECTIVE To verify whether synthetic cannabinoids (CP55,940 and WIN55,212-2) are able to exert an anti-inflammatory effect on rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) by down-regulating cytokine production, and determine whether this effect could be mediated by CB1/CB2 cannabinoid receptors. METHODS Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were assayed in the supernatant from cultured FLS by ELISA method before and after 3 hours of incubation with CP55,940 (10 microM) and WIN55,212-2 (10 microM). Co-stimulation of cells with the cannabinoid receptor antagonists was performed to evaluate receptor involvement in cytokine modulation. All the experiments were conducted in basal conditions and after 1 hour pre-incubation with 0.1 ng/ml IL-1beta. FLS expression of CB1 and CB2 receptor was studied by Western Blot analyses. RESULTS Both CP55,940 and WIN55,212-2 induced a potent and significant reduction in IL-6 and IL-8 secretion from IL-1beta. stimulated FLS. Although FLS express CB1 and CB2 receptor, cannabinoid receptor antagonists did not significantly modify the inhibition of cytokines secretion induced by CP55,940 and WIN55,212-2. CONCLUSIONS In vitro, CP55,940 and WIN55,212-2 exert a potent anti-inflammatory effect on rheumatoid FLS via a non-CB1/CB2 receptor mediated mechanism.
Detection and Enumeration of Methanotrophs in Acidic Sphagnum Peat by 16S rRNA Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization, Including the Use of Newly Developed Oligonucleotide Probes for Methylocella palustris

ABSTRACT Two 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes, Mcell-1026 and Mcell-181, were developed for specific detection of the acidophilic methanotroph Methylocella palustris using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The fluorescence signal of probe Mcell-181 was enhanced by its combined application with the oligonucleotide helper probe H158. Mcell-1026 and Mcell-181, as well as 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probes with reported group specificity for either type I methanotrophs (probes M-84 and M-705) or theMethylosinus/Methylocystis group of type II methanotrophs (probes MA-221 and M-450), were used in FISH to determine the abundance of distinct methanotroph groups in aSphagnum peat sample of pH 4.2. M. palustris was enumerated at greater than 106 cells per g of peat (wet weight), while the detectable population size of type I methanotrophs was three orders of magnitude below the population level of M. palustris. The cell counts with probe MA-221 suggested that only 104 type II methanotrophs per g of peat (wet weight) were present, while the use of probe M-450 revealed more than 106 type II methanotroph cells per g of the same samples. This discrepancy was due to the fact that probe M-450 targets almost all currently known strains of Methylosinus andMethylocystis, whereas probe MA-221, originally described as group specific, does not detect a large proportion ofMethylocystis strains. The total number of methanotrophic bacteria detected by FISH was 3.0 (±0.2) × 106 cells per g (wet weight) of peat. This was about 0.8% of the total bacterial cell number. Thus, our study clearly suggests that M. palustris and a defined population ofMethylocystis spp. were the predominant methanotrophs detectable by FISH in an acidic Sphagnum peat bog.
Primary afterdischarge in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures: Effects of standard antiepileptic drugs

Purpose: In the hippocampus intense high frequency electrical stimulation induces a long‐lasting rhythmic synchronization (primary afterdischarge). In order to examine the suitability of primary afterdischarges (PADs) in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) as an in vitro model of evoked seizures, we have worked out in detail the sensitivity of PADs to standard antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and compared the necessary concentrations to those that were effective in animal models of partial and generalized tonic–clonic seizures.
A resource-based approach to strategy analysis in the new digital television arena

Television is attracting a considerable amount of attention from both researchers and managers as a result of the deep changes that are taking place. The introduction of digital technology is driving important changes in the market and extending the boundaries of the television business. These are becoming fuzzier and opportunities for new players have been increasing. It has become very important for companies, both established and newcomers, to understand what kind of resources and competences are needed in order to effectively compete in this changing environment. This paper aims to offer a tool that allows companies to identify their core resources and competences that could be the base of sustainable competitive advantage in the ‘New TV’ industry.
Ion Velocimetry Measurements and Particle-In-Cell Simulation of a Cylindrical Cusped Plasma Accelerator

The Stanford Cylindrical Cusped Field Thruster (CCFT) has been experimentally and numerically investigated with particular focus on the exit plane acceleration region near the top magnetic cusp. Time-averaged xenon ion laserinduced fluorescence measurements using the 5d[4]7/2 -6p[3]5/2 (λ = 834.72-nm air) Xe II transition have mapped the total ion velocity vectors in this region. The thruster is also simulated using the fully kinetic 3-D particle-in-cell code F3MPIC. The consistent experimental and numerical results give physical insight into the mechanisms of ion acceleration and the role of the magnetic field topology in determining ion trajectories and plume divergence. The electrons are strongly magnetized and follow the magnetic field structure, grouping near the cusps. A steep potential drop over a few millimeters near the exit plane follows the magnetic separatrix of the top cusp, and is consistent with measured ion velocity vectors. A characteristic conical region of high ion density, peak ion velocity, and visible emission is observed in the experimental and simulated plume, with an estimated divergence half-angle of 30°.
Optimized isotropic diffusion weighting

The authors introduce several sets of time‐efficient gradient waveforms for applying isotropic diffusion weighting in NMR experiments. This creates signal attenuation that depends on the trace of the diffusion tensor and is therefore rotationally invariant. Numerical methods for the calculation of such gradient sets are outlined, and results are shown for isotropic and anisotropic gradient hardware and first order flow moment nulled diffusion weighting gradients. Preliminary experimental results from the human brain validate this new technique.
Classification methods and inductive learning rules: what we may learn from theory

Inductive learning methods allow the system designer to infer a model of the relevant phenomena of an unknown process by extracting information from experimental data. A wide range of inductive learning methods is nowadays available, potentially ensuring different levels of accuracy on different problem domains. In this critical review of theoretic results gained in the last decade, we address the problem of designing an inductive classification system with optimal accuracy when domain knowledge is limited and the number of available experiments is-possibly-small. By analyzing the formal properties of consistent learning methods and of accuracy estimators, we wish to convey to the reader the message that the common practice of aggressively pursuing error minimization with different training algorithms and classification families is unjustified
Estimation of Population Bottlenecks during Systemic Movement of Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Tobacco Plants

ABSTRACT More often than not, analyses of virus evolution have considered that virus populations are so large that evolution can be explained by purely deterministic models. However, virus populations could have much smaller effective numbers than the huge reported census numbers, and random genetic drift could be important in virus evolution. A reason for this would be population bottlenecks during the virus life cycle. Here we report a quantitative estimate of population bottlenecks during the systemic colonization of tobacco leaves by Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Our analysis is based on the experimental estimation of the frequency of different genotypes of TMV in the inoculated leaf, and in systemically infected leaves, of tobacco plants coinoculated with two TMV genotypes. A simple model, based on the probability that a leaf in coinoculated plants is infected by just one genotype and on the frequency of each genotype in the source, was used to estimate the effective number of founders for the populations in each leaf. Results from the analysis of three leaves per plant in plants inoculated with different combinations of three TMV genotypes yielded highly consistent estimates. Founder numbers for each leaf were small, in the order of units. This would result in effective population numbers much smaller than the census numbers and indicates that random effects due to genetic drift should be considered for understanding virus evolution within an infected plant.
What went where? Impaired object‐location learning in patients with right hippocampal lesions

The role of the right medial temporal‐lobe structures in memory for object location was investigated in three studies. In the first two studies, 118 patients with selective amygdalo‐hippocampectomy or with anterior temporal lobectomy (either invading or largely sparing the hippocampal region) and 33 healthy participants were tested on array learning. Groups with extensive right hippocampal lesions were impaired on immediate and delayed recall and on learning to criterion. In the third study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used in 75 of these patients to measure the extent of tissue remaining in the various medial temporal‐lobe structures. The extent of right hippocampus remaining was found to be the best predictor of array‐learning performance, underlining its critical role in building a representation of objects in space. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Novel Approach to Cluster Search Result based on Search Goals

In present days world wide web provides a platform for users to satisfy their information needs, for this purpose search engine tools are commonly used. Available search engine give result for a particular query in the form of flat rank list, which works well for non-ambiguous query.But,in case of ambiguous query which having multiple aspects the flat rank list not works well. So in such cases reorganization of search result is necessary. In this paper, proposed a method which reorganizes search result by analyzing user’s implicit feedback. Based upon this feedback doing text processing, enriching each url by combination of title and snippet ,and mapping these data to Pseudo-document. Pseudo-document contain set of keywords which are different aspects of query. And then performing clustering on these pseudo-document using fuzzy k-mean clustering. And these clusters contain links which are most relevant to each other. Also rearranging results based upon most visited links such that it should occur at topmost. And this reorganization will increase the performance and evaluation of search engine. And the cluster labels.
The Complexity of Management Control

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS . 3 INTRODUCTION . 5 1.1 Problem Background . 5 1.2 Problem Discussion . 5 1.3 Purpose . 6 1.4 Definitions . 6 1.4.1 Controls & Management Control System . 6 1.4.2 Management Control Systems Package . 6 1.4.3 Middle Level Management Team & Manager . 7 1.5 Delimitations . 7 1.6 Disposition . 7 METHODOLOGY . 8 2.1 Research Approach . 8 2.2 Selection . 8 2.3 Data Collection Design . 9 2.3.1 Interview Design . 9 2.3.2 Observation Design . 9 2.4 Credibility . 10 FRAME OF REFERENCES . 12 3.1 Management Control . 12 3.1.1 Diffusion of new Management Techniques and Toyota Production System . 12 3.2 Management Control Systems Package . 13 3.2.1 Cultural Controls . 14 3.2.2 Planning Controls . 14 3.2.3 Cybernetic Controls . 15 3.2.4 Reward and Compensation Controls. 15 3.2. 5 Administrative Controls . 16 EMPIRICS . 18 4.1 Tuve Plant . 18 4.2 Management Control . 18 4.2.1 Organizational Structure . 18 4.2.2 Volvo Production System . 20 4.3 Management Control Systems Package at Tuve Plant . 21 4.3.1 Cultural Controls . 21
A Soft-Link Spectral Model for Link Prediction

Unsupervised spectral clustering methods can yield good performance when identifying crisp clusters with low complexity since the learning algorithm does not rely on finding the local minima of an objective function and rather uses spectral properties of the graph. Nonetheless, the performance of such approaches are usually affected by their uncertain parameters. Using the underlying structure of a general spectral clustering method, in this paper a new soft-link spectral clustering algorithm is introduced to identify clusters based on fuzzy k-nearest neighbor approach. We construct a soft weight matrix of a graph by identifying the upper and lower boundaries of learning parameters of the similarity function, specifically the fuzzifier parameter (fuzziness) of the Fuzzy k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm. The algorithm allows perturbations on the graph Laplace during the learning stage by the changes on such learning parameters. With the empirical analysis using an artificial and a real textual entailment dataset, we demonstrate that our initial hypothesis of implementing soft links for spectral clustering can improve the classification performance of final outcome.
Serial cardiovascular variables in survivors and nonsurvivors of human septic shock: heart rate as an early predictor of prognosis.

Forty-eight septic shock patients with positive blood cultures had conventional serial hemodynamic evaluations until recovery or death to identify early cardiovascular variables that predicted outcome. There were 19 (40%) survivors and 29 nonsurvivors. At the initial evaluation, both survivors and nonsurvivors demonstrated an elevated cardiac index (CI), low systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), and normal stroke volume index. However, only an initial heart rate (HR) less than 106 beat/min significantly predicted survival. Twenty-four hours after the onset of shock, both an HR less than 95 beat/min and an SVRI greater than 1529 dyne.sec/cm5.m2 predicted survival. Comparing the hemodynamic profiles from the initial to the 24 h time point, a decrease in HR greater than 18 beat/min or a decrease in CI greater than 0.5 L/min.m2 predicted survival. Twenty-two deaths occurred in the first week of study, of which 18 (82%) were due primarily to low SVRI and four (18%) to low CI. Seven deaths occurred after 1 wk, all of which were due to multiple organ failure.
Toxocara canis glycans influence antigen recognition by mouse IgG1 and IgM antibodies

The impact of sugar moieties of Toxocara canis glycoprotein antigens on their recognition by infected mouse antibodies was investigated in this study. Native TES and recombinant Toxocara mucins generated in Pichia pastoris yeast as well as their deglycosylated forms were used in ELISA. TES and recombinant mucins were equally recognized by T. canis infected mouse IgG1 antibodies. IgM immunoglobulins predominantly recognized TES antigens. Among mucins recognition of Tc-MUC-4 was the most significant. Deglycosylation of antigens resulted in significant loss of IgM and IgG1 reactivity to TES, mucins, Tc-MUC-3 and Tc-MUC-4. The presence of sugar moieties had no influence on IgE binding to native or recombinant T. canis antigens. Our results suggest that glycans are involved in epitope formation what should be taken into consideration in production of recombinant helminth antigens for diagnostic purposes.
The Ras-related small GTPases RalA and RalB regulate cellular survival after ionizing radiation

Purpose—Oncogenic activation of Ras renders cancer cells resistant to ionizing radiation (IR), but the mechanisms have not been fully characterized. The Ras-like small GTPases, RalA and RalB, are downstream effectors of Ras function and are critical for both tumor growth and survival. The Ral effector RalBP1/RLIP76 mediates survival of mice after whole body irradiation but the role of the Ral GTPases themselves in response to IR is unknown. We have investigated the role of RalA and RalB in cellular responses to IR. Methods and Materials—RalA, RalB and their major effectors RalBP1 and Sec5 were knocked down by stable expression of shRNAs in the K-Ras-dependent pancreatic cancer-derived cell line MIA PaCa-2. Radiation responses were measured by standard clonogenic survival assays for reproductive survival, γH2AX expression for double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) and PARP cleavage for apoptosis. Results—Knockdown of K-Ras, RalA or RalB reduced colony-forming ability post-IR and knockdown of either Ral isoform decreased the rate of DSB repair post-IR. However, knockdown of RalB, but not RalA, increased cell death. Surprisingly, neither RalBP1 nor Sec5 suppression affected colony formation post-IR. Conclusions—Both RalA and RalB contribute to K-Ras-dependent IR resistance of MIA PaCa-2 cells. Sensitization due to suppressed Ral expression is likely due in part to decreased efficiency of DNA repair (RalA and RalB) and increased susceptibility to apoptosis (RalB). Ralmediated radioresistance does not depend on either RalBP1 or the exocyst complex, the two bestcharacterized Ral effectors, and instead may utilize an atypical or novel effector. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Corresponding author: Adrienne D. Cox, PhD Department of Radiation Oncology Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295 919-966-7712 (phone) 919-966-9763 (fax) adrienne_cox@med.unc. edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Conflict of Interest Notification The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. NIH Public Access
Hydrophilic Quaternary Ammonium-Group-Containing [FeFe]-Hydrogenase Models: Synthesis, Structures, and Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production.

The first quaternary ammonium-group-containing [FeFe]-hydrogenase models [(μ-PDT)Fe2 (CO)4 {κ2 -(Ph2 P)2 N(CH2 )2 NMe2 BzBr}] (2; PDT=propanedithiolate) and [(μ-PDT)Fe2 (CO)4 {μ-(Ph2 P)2 N(CH2 )2 NMe2 BzBr}] (4) have been prepared by the quaternization of their precursors [(μ-PDT)Fe2 (CO)4 {κ2 -(Ph2 P)2 N(CH2 )2 NMe2 }] (1) and [(μ-PDT)Fe2 (CO)4 {μ-(Ph2 P)2 N(CH2 )2 NMe2 }] (3) with benzyl bromide in high yields. Although new complexes 1-4 have been fully characterized by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic studies, the chelated complexes 1 and 2 converted into their bridged isomers 3 and 4 at higher temperatures, thus demonstrating that these bridged isomers are thermodynamically favorable. An electrochemical study on hydrophilic models 2 and 4 in MeCN and MeCN/H2 O as solvents indicates that the reduction potentials are shifted to less-negative potentials as the water content increases. This outcome implies that both 2 and 4 are more easily reduced in the mixed MeCN/H2 O solvent than in MeCN. In addition, hydrophilic models 2 and 4 act as electrocatalysts and achieve higher icat /ip values and turnover numbers (TONs) in MeCN/H2 O as a solvent than in MeCN for the production of hydrogen from the weak acid HOAc.
A modeling reliability analysis technique for cloud storage system

Cloud storage system can reshape the way how kinds of contents are generated, stored and distributed on today's Internet. It is intriguing to study the service provision of cloud storage system for the sake of providing global users with satisfactory service. This paper conducts modeling analysis of a cloud storage system, and proposes a Markov decision process modeling framework to analyze the reliability of the storage system. Based on the modeling analysis, the optimal strategy can be got after executing two solution algorithms. By incorporating these techniques into cloud storage system design, the authors can significantly improve the replication performance and reliability of the system in this paper. Our numerical results further demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our technique against traditional static approaches.