Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of seed infection on seed quality and longevity under storage of three rice varieties produced at different environments

The study was conducted to elucidate the Effect of seed infection on seed quality and longevity under storage of three rice varieties produced at different environments at College of Agriculture, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University and Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad (India). In this present investigation, seed infection percentage in rice cultivars produced at two different environmental conditions have been studied and effect of seed moisture content on germination percentage and seed infection in rice varieties. The seed produced in arid environment i.e., at IIRR, Hyderabad showed minimum percent seed infection (15.26, 10.01, 18.51%), seed moisture content (11.33, 11.03, 11.14%) and maximum germination percentage (72.55, 76.66, 74.12%), whereas the seed produced in humid environment i.e., at Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, showed maximum percent seed infection (19.49, 14.01, 22.14%), seed moisture content (11.98, 11.70, 12.31%) and low germination percentage (61.97, 64.84, 44.92%) was recorded in IR 36, IR 64 and Annada varieties respectively at nine monthly storage in gunny bags at ambient conditions. With respect to the age of seed, the freshly harvested seeds recorded low percent seed infection, seed moisture content and high percent of seed germination than one year old seed of three varieties at the end of the storage (9 months after storage). Among treatments, seeds treated with carbendazim @ 2.0g/kg showed high germination percentage and minimum percent seed infection and low moisture content percentage in all the three cultivars used for study at the end of storage experiment. Interaction among production environment, seed age and chemical treatments also showed significant difference for quality parameters. This investigation helps in understanding the potential role of production environment, seed age and means to control the seed from deterioration during storage.
Semantic Information Retrieval Based on Adaptive Learning Ontology

Information retrieval ranking document is order the documents according to the users searching query. Term frequency (tf) that appears in the document is one of the most existing appoint for information retrieval. Although the term frequency, most of query search is give the result according to keyword search not by semantic search, ranking document may give irrelevant page to the users. Even though the number of times that the term occurrence is more relevant, but not implied for rank documents according to their proximity to learners query. This paper presented a semantic ranking and query that according to the learners profile preferences. The obtained results depicts that the result of learner query is relevant to the learners preferences .
Resultant effect of pollution on soil properties and conservation of inhabiting fauna

This study investigated the impact of soil pollution on the physical and chemical properties of soil, and faunal richness. Soil samples at depths 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm were collected from five polluted sites over a period of twelve months (covering the dry and rainy seasons) for analysis in the laboratory. The nature of pollution in each site differed, ranging from domestic sources to agricultural inputs and industrial wastes. Soil samples from a fallowed plot were also collected in a similar manner for comparison of results. Soil fauna were extracted from the soil samples using the Berlese-Tullgren funnel in the laboratory. The organisms were sorted into separate taxonomic groups and members of each group were counted under a dissecting microscope. The physical (texture) and chemical (organic content and pH) properties of soil in polluted sites were determined following standard procedures and obtained values were compared with those from the fallowed plot. Faunal abundance varied significantly among sites (P < 0.001), soil depths (P < 0.01) and time of sampling (P < 0.001). A significantly higher number of soil fauna was found in the fallowed site, 0-5 cm soil depth and during the rainy season. Faunal species diversity was also richer in the fallowed plot in comparison to polluted locations. The soil texture, organic content and pH(CaCl2) varied significantly among the six selected locations and their variation from control values was related to fluctuations in faunal abundance. Although metal residues were detected in all experimental sites, they were considered harmless to soil fauna because they were within the permissible range. The adverse effect of soil pollution on faunal conservation and some components of soil quality were highlighted, and erring nations were advised to emulate countries with effective pollution control measures.
Crosstalk between the Purinergic and Immune Systems: Implications for the Glutathione Antioxidant System in Health and Disease

Glutathione (GSH) represents the major nonprotein thiol in cells and, alongside with glutathione-dependent enzymes such as glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), exerts several biological functions including the protection against free radicals and other essen-tial metabolic reactions within the body. Disturbances in the homeostasis of this complex glutathione antioxidant system may damage cells and have been implicated with the development and progression of several human diseases. In this context, the immune and purinergic systems are also essential, since the dysregulation in both systems may also be correlated with numerous diseases. These two networks are closely related and control inflammatory responses, especially by the crosstalk of signaling molecules, receptors, and enzymes; thus, they can exacerbate or slow down the progression of diseases. Based on this background, we aimed to provide a general scenario of the purinergic and immune systems and the connection between both and the modulation of glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzyme expression and activity in the context of health and disease.
Co-integration between Prices of Mango in Lucknow Market and International Market

Government of India is making all efforts to increase integration among markets of the country. In this direction e-National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) has been implemented. The e-NAM trading mechanism proposes to regulate all the wholesale market or Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs) under one electronic platform throughout the country. In respect of this the study was conducted to test the extent of market co-integration of price of mango among major market of Uttar Pradesh and its international prices using Johansen Granger Causality Tests and also captures the speed of adjustment to deviations in long run equilibrium in mango markets by using Vector Error Correction Model. In this study, the export prices were considered to be the international prices and secondary data pertains to the year 1993 to 2015 of international price and Lucknow market price was collected from Food and Agricultural Organisation and Agricultural Produce Market Committee Lucknow, respectively. The results showed rejection of the null hypothesis that there was no co-integrated vector (None) and accepted the alternative hypothesis that there is at most 1 co-integrated vector in both trace statistics and maximum eigen value statistics as having no intercept in co-integrating equation (CE) and no intercept in vector auto regression (VAR). It shows long run association between Lucknow market price and International market price used in current study. Vector error correction model showed the Lucknow market price of mango in India will converge towards long run equilibrium after taking 31 per cent monthly adjustments, but in International market it as very low and converge towards long run equilibrium after taking 14 per cent monthly adjustments. The direction of the relationship among price series and market is equally important for which Granger Causality tests were performed. It shows the unidirectional causality revealed in the International market which lead to the prices in Lucknow market.
Image Enhancement, Feature 3 Extraction and Geospatial Analysis 4 in an Archaeological Perspective

6 Abstract The goal of image processing for archaeological applications is to 7 enhance spatial patterns and/or local anomalies linked to ancient human activities 8 and traces of palaeo-environments still fossilized in the modern landscape. In order 9 to make the satellite data more meaningful for archaeologists and more exploitable 10 for investigations, reliable data processing may be carried out. Over the years a 11 great variety of digital image enhancement techniques have been devised for 12 speciﬁc application ﬁelds according to data availability. Nevertheless, only recently 13 these methods have captured great attention also in the ﬁeld of archaeology for an 14 easier extraction of quantitative information using effective and reliable semiauto-15 matic data processing. The setting up of fully-automatic methodologies is a big 16 challenge to be strategically addressed by research communities in the next years.
The ISMARA client [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]

ISMARA (ismara.unibas.ch) automatically infers the key regulators and regulatory interactions from high-throughput gene expression or chromatin state data. However, given the large sizes of current next generation sequencing (NGS) datasets, data uploading times are a major bottleneck. Additionally, for proprietary data, users may be uncomfortable with uploading entire raw datasets to an external server. Both these problems could be alleviated by providing a means by which users could pre-process their raw data locally, transferring only a small summary file to the ISMARA server. We developed a stand-alone client application that pre-processes large input files (RNA-seq or ChIP-seq data) on the user's computer for performing ISMARA analysis in a completely automated manner, including uploading of small processed summary files to the ISMARA server. This reduces file sizes by up to a factor of 1000, and upload times from many hours to mere seconds. The client application is available from ismara.unibas. ch/ISMARA/client.
Characterization of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus Isolates from Turkey by Molecular and Sequence Analysis

Received: Revised: Accepted: Published online: February 22, 2020 April 27, 2020 May 12, 2020 June 08, 2020 Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an economically important respiratory disease affecting the poultry industry worldwide. The aim of this study was to characterize the Turkish ILT virus (ILTV) isolates by sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). ILTV isolates obtained from laying hens in Turkey in 2003 and 2018 were used in this study. The isolates were analyzed for ICP4, gG, gE and TK gene regions by PCR. The amplification products were used in RFLP analysis to determine the differences among the isolates. Sequence analyses of TK and ICP4 regions were carried out and a phylogenetic tree was formed by using the Maximum Likelihood method. Nucleotide identity values were then calculated among five isolates and other strains/isolates in Genbank. In addition, about 200 amino acid sequences of the start and end regions of the ICP4 gene were compared to other strains in Genbank. PCR-RFLP analysis indicated that Turkish ILTV isolates were low-virulent. In general, the nucleotide sequence similarities of the TK and ICP4 gene regions among Turkish isolates and others was more than 95% (lower in some Egyptian and Bangladeshi strains, 41 and 45% respectively); in the amino acid sequence, it was close to 100%. As a result, PCR-RFLP results were similar in many gene regions. However, evolutionary analysis of ICP4 and TK gene regions did not yield reliable results based on geographic distribution or pathogenicity levels. For this purpose, different methods, such as Bayesian analysis or the involvement of samples from different gene regions can yield more reliable results, just like whole-genome sequences. ©2020 PVJ. All rights reserved
Characterisation of plant growth promoting traits and stress tolerant properties of Aspergillus terreus (MCC 1819) isolated from the rhizosphere of Aloe barbadensis Mill. and its application

Plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) are a class of non-pathogenic soil-borne filamentous fungi that have beneficial effects on plants. It has been reported that PGPF increase the plant growth directly or indirectly by fixing nitrogen, producing phytohormones, inducing systemic resistance etc. The association of PGPF with plant roots has also been shown to modulate growth, morphology, nitrogen assimilation, resource allocation and mineral uptake of the host plant and also improves host reproductive fitness with subsequent increase in biomass and grain yield of crop plants. So, by considering the beneficial effects of PGPF and the growing demands of biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture, our focus was to isolate and characterize the PGPF from the rhizospheric soil of the plant Aloe barbadensis Mill. growing in Burdwan district, West Bengal, India. After isolation, the isolated PGPF were studied for their plant growth promoting traits like, Phosphate solubilising property, IAA production, ammonia production, HCN production etc. Bioactivities like antifungal activity as well as stress tolerance properties like, salinity stress and some heavy metal stress were also tested. The best potent strain was then selected and identified by 18s r-RNA sequencing. Subsequent preparation of the phylogenetic tree, it was confirmed that this PGPF fungal strain was Aspergillus terreus (MCC 1819). Furthermore, augmentation of growth and vigour of Aloe barbadensis by application of this PGPF has also been noticed.
ALGEBRA-RELATED TASKS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS

Even though there is growing consensus for engaging primary students with early algebraic ideas, there is limited research knowledge about the relevant learning opportunities designed in textbooks. Textbooks are considered to play an important role in what is happening in classrooms, especially in educational contexts where classroom instruction relies heavily on textbooks. An analytic framework was developed to identify the opportunities designed in textbooks for engaging students with algebra-related tasks and to examine the respective guidance (or lack thereof) in the accompanying teacher guidebooks. The framework was used to analyse a primary textbook series for grades 4-6 and relevant findings are presented. Implications for textbook design, research, and practice are discussed in light of these findings.
Tansley review Mosaicmodularity: an updated perspective and research agenda for the evolution of vascular cambial growth

Secondary growth from a vascular cambium, present today only in seed plants and isoetalean lycophytes, has a 400-million-yr evolutionary history that involves considerably broader taxonomic diversity, most of it hidden in the fossil record. Approaching vascular cambial growth as a complex developmental process, we review data from living plants and fossils that reveal diverse modes of secondary growth. These are consistent with a modular nature of secondary growth, when considered as a tracheophyte-wide structural feature. This modular perspective identifies putative constituent developmental modules of cambial growth, for which we review developmental anatomy and regulation. Based on these data, we propose a hypothesis that explains the sources of diversity of secondary growth, considered across the entire tracheophyte clade, and opens up new avenues for exploring the origin of secondary growth. In this hypothesis, various modes of secondary growth reflect a mosaic pattern of expression of different developmental–regulatorymodules amongdifferent lineages.Weoutline an approach that queries three information systems (living seedplants, living seed-free plants, and fossils) and integrates data on developmental regulation, anatomy, gene evolution and phylogeny to test the mosaic modularity hypothesis and its implications, and to inform efforts aimed at understanding the evolution of secondary growth.
Susceptibility of Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata adults from northern Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region to 4 neonicotinoids

Susceptibility of nine field populations of Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata adults from northern Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region to 4 neonicotinoid insecticides,including imidacloprid,acetamiprid,thiamethoxam and thiacloprid,was evaluated by a topical bioassay in 2009 and 2010.The sensitivity of the pest to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam was reduced yearly.Half of the 6 tested field populations developed low levels of resistance to acetamiprid and thiamethoxam in 2009.All the 6 tested field populations exhibited resistance to thiamethoxam in 2010,among them 3 populations showed low level and the other 3 populations showed moderate level of resistance to thiamethoxam.There may be cross-resistance between thiamethoxam and lambda-cyhalothrin in the pest.
eFLINT: a domain-specific language for executable norm specifications

Software systems that share potentially sensitive data are subjected to laws, regulations, policies and/or contracts. The monitoring, control and enforcement processes applied to these systems are currently to a large extent manual, which we rather automate by embedding the processes as dedicated and adaptable software services in order to improve efficiency and effectiveness. This approach requires such regulatory services to be closely aligned with a formal description of the relevant norms. This paper presents eFLINT, a domain-specific language developed for formalizing norms. The theoretical foundations of the language are found in transition systems and in Hohfeld's framework of legal fundamental conceptions. The language can be used to formalize norms from a large variety of sources. The resulting specifications are executable and support several forms of reasoning such as automatic case assessment, manual exploration and simulation. Moreover, the specifications can be used to develop regulatory services for several types of monitoring, control and enforcement. The language is evaluated through a case study formalizing articles 6(1)(a) and 16 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). A prototype implementation of eFLINT is discussed and is available online.
Gibberellin sensitivity study shows key insights into the GA3 pathway in a semi-dwarf rice mutant of improved white Ponni

Improved White Ponni (IWP) is a popular rice variety in south India. We have developed WP-22-2, a semi-dwarf mutant of Improved White Ponni through gamma-ray induced mutation breeding. Gibberellin sensitivity of the mutant was studied by spraying 50 μM GA3 hormone on ten days old seedlings and after three days, seedling height, 1st internode and 2nd leaf lengths were measured. The variances between the treatments were compared using Student’s t-test. The IWP was 2.54 cm taller than the untreated mutant. The 1st internode length between the two varied with high significance (P = .003). The GA3 treatment has increased the seedling height of the mutant 6.0 cm in three days. The reversion of plant height in the mutant showed that the mutations in the GA3 pathway have caused defective gibberellin production which ultimately reduced the plant height in the mutant.
Assessment of genetic variability in finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.)

Finger millet, a nutri-cereal is grown for both food and fodder. Knowledge on genetic variability and heritability of yield contributing traits is important for efficient planning of crop improvement programme. In this endeavour, 18 finger millet lines were studied to assess the amount of genetic variability. Analysis of variance for 18 finger millet breeding lines revealed significant variation for all the yield contributing and yield devastating traits indicating presence of variability for selection to operate. High broad sense heritability and GAM were recorded for disease parameters while days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and grain yield recorded high heritability with moderate GAM. This clearly indicated that disease reaction is highly heritable with additive gene action which can be used as selection criterion for attaining disease resistant lines. Grain yield was observed to have moderate heritability with moderate GAM indicating preponderance of both additive and non additive gene action. This trait can be selected by selecting against finger blast, neck blast and banded blight which are highly heritable and strongly negatively associated with grain yield.
Design of a Disaster Big Data Platform for Collecting and Analyzing Social Media

Recently, during disasters occurrence, dealing with emergencies has been handled well by the early transmission of disaster relating notifications on social media networks (e.g., Twitter or Facebook). Intuitively, with their characteristics (e.g., real-time, mobility) and big communities whose users could be regarded as volunteers, social networks are proved to be a crucial role for disasters response. However, the amount of data transmitted during disasters is an obstacle for filtering informative messages; because the messages are diversity, large and very noise. This large volume of data could be seen as Social Big Data (SBD). In this paper, we proposed a big data platform for collecting and analyzing disaster (cid:86)(cid:182) data from SBD. Firstly, we designed a collecting module; which could rapidly extract disaster (cid:86)(cid:182) information from the Twitter; by big data frameworks supporting streaming data on distributed system; such as Kafka and Spark. Secondly, we developed an analyzing module which learned from SBD to distinguish the useful information from the irrelevant one. Finally, we also designed a real-time visualization on the web interface for displaying the results of analysis phase. To show the viability of our platform, we conducted experiments of the collecting and analyzing phases in 10 days for both real-time and historical tweets, which were about disasters happened in South Korea. The results prove that our big data platform could be applied to disaster information based systems, by providing a huge relevant data; which can be used for inferring affected regions and victims in disaster situations, from 21.000 collected tweets.
Problems in AI research and how the SP System may help to solve them

This paper describes problems in AI research and how the SP System may help to solve them. Most of the problems are described by leading researchers in AI in interviews with science writer Martin Ford, and reported by him in his book Architects of Intelligence. These problems, each with potential solutions via SP, are: how to overcome the divide between symbolic and non-symbolic kinds of knowledge and processing; eliminating large and unexpected errors in recognition; the challenge of unsupervised learning; the problem of generalisation, with under- and over-generalisation; learning from a single exposure or experience; the problem of transfer learning; how to create learning that is fast, economical in demands for data and computer resources; the problems of transparency in results and processing; problems in the processing of natural language; problems in the development of probabilistic reasoning; the problem of catastrophic forgetting; how to achieve generality across several aspects of AI. The SP System provides a relatively promising foundation for the development of artificial general intelligence.