Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seat Properties Affecting Neck Responses in Rear Crashes: A Reason Why Whiplash Has Increased

Whiplash has increased over the past two decades. This study compares occupant dynamics with three different seat types (two yielding and one stiff) in rear crashes. Responses up to head restraint contact are used to describe possible reasons for the increase in whiplash as seat stiffness increased in the 1980s and 1990s. Three exemplar seats were defined by seat stiffness ( k ) and frame rotation stiffness ( j ) under occupant load. The stiff seat had k = 40 kN/m and j = 1.8°/kN representing a foreign benchmark. One yielding seat had k = 20 kN/m and j = 1.4°/kN simulating a high-retention seat. The other had k = 20 kN/m and j = 3.4°/kN simulating a typical yielding seat of the 1980s and 1990s. Constant vehicle acceleration for 100 ms gave delta-V of 6, 10, 16, 24, and 35 km/h. The one-dimensional model included a torso mass loading the seatback, head motion through a flexible neck, and head restraint drop and rearward displacement with seatback rotation. Neck displacement was greatest with the stiff seat due to higher loads on the torso. It peaked at 10 km/h rear delta-V and was lower in higher-severity crashes. It averaged 32% more than neck displacements with the 1980s yielding seat. The high-retention seat had 67% lower neck displacements than the stiff seat because of yielding into the seatback, earlier head restraint contact and less seatback rotation, which involved 16 mm drop in head restraint height due to seatback rotation in the 16 km/h rear delta-V. This was significantly lower than 47 mm with the foreign benchmark and 73 mm with the 1980s yielding seat. Early in the crash, neck responses are proportional to ky / m T , seat stiffness times vehicle displacement divided by torso mass, so neck responses increase with seat stiffness. The trend toward stiffer seats increased neck responses over the yielding seats of the 1980s and 1990s, which offers one explanation for the increase in whiplash over the past two decades. This is a result of not enough seat suspension compliance as stronger seat frames were introduced. As seat stiffness has increased, so have neck displacements and the Neck Injury Criterion (NIC). High-retention seats reduce neck biomechanical responses by allowing the occupant to displace into the seatback at relatively low torso loads until head restraint contact and then transferring crash energy. High-retention seats resolve the historic debate between stiff (rigid) and yielding seats by providing both a strong frame (low j ) for occupant retention and yielding suspension (low k ) to reduce whiplash.
Le corps, le collectif et le développement du métier. Etude clinique d'un gestede métier à la SNCF

L'observation de la conduite des trains de banlieue montre combien les conducteurs usent d'automatismes de conduite patiemment mis au point pendant leur formation et a l'occasion du travail. Les analyses en autoconfrontation croisee, menees dans un depot de banlieue de la region parisienne, permettent de proposer que de telles acquisitions resultent de la transformation du corps au cours de l'activite conjointe qu'est la conduite d'un train. Elles sont grandement determinees par les rapports etablis entre le groupe professionnel et chacun de ses membres. En se basant sur l'analyse des processus aboutissant a la creation d'automatismes de conduite et des schemes de controle a l'occasion de l'observation d'un geste de metier, l'auteur avance que c'est par la mediation du genre professionnel que le developpement du metier est possible.
Diverse applications of negative pressure wound therapy: A multiple case report

The purpose of this retrospective case report was to describe the results of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in the treatment of wounds of various size, location and etiology in four patients. The effects of NPWT were assessed in the following patients: 1) A 68-year-old male diagnosed with cellulitis presenting with two open wounds on the left foot; 2) a 60-year-old male diagnosed with Type II diabetes mellitus presenting with a full thickness wound on the plantar surface of the right foot; 3) a 64-year-old male diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis, diabetes mellitus, and Crohn's disease presenting with a left gluteal wound; and 4) a 47-year-old obese female diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis presenting with a wound of the right groin and buttock. All wounds were debrided of devitalized tissue and contained nearly 100% granulation tissue prior to NPWT treatment. NPWT was applied three times per week, each application lasting 48 hrs, followed by dressing change, cleaning of the wound bed and continued debridement as required. Treatment duration, varying from 4–9 weeks, corresponded to the patient's length of stay at the sub-acute rehabilitation facility, and pressure settings ranged from 100 to 200 mmHg. Measurements of wound length, width, depth and appearance were recorded once a week. Follow-up was conducted 6–18 months post treatment to assess self-reported wound status. NPWT resulted in reductions of wound length, width, and depth, with the greatest reduction in each case being wound depth. Reduction in wound depth ranged from 75–100% (100% being complete wound closure), with four of the five wounds exceeding 90%. Reduction in wound length ranged from 32–100%, with three wounds exceeding 80%, and reduction in wound width ranged from 35–100%, with three wounds exceeding 80%. Three wounds closed completely either during therapy or soon (2–4 weeks) thereafter, and two wounds were reduced in size sufficiently for treatment via skin grafts. NPWT, applied to wounds of diverse size, location, and etiology, resulted in reductions in wound length, width, and depth in four patient cases, with the greatest influence of reducing wound depth.
minant inhibitory version of the small skeletal structures and inhibits develop ophila

The pa binding has been extensively investigated. Ras cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP (guanosine diphosphate)-bound state. This cycling is regulated by a number of proteins including guanine nucleotide exchange factors, GDP dissociation inhibitors, and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). These proteins, along with others not directly interacting with Ras, have been identified in both biochemical and genetic studies and are being placed into specific pathways extending from the cell surface to the nucleus. One of the best characterized of these pathways is the sevenless signalling cascade of Drosophila photoreceptor development (Simon et al., 1993), indeed a major contribution to our present understanding of Ras signalling has come from studies in Drosophila. Although most of this work is based on mutants isolated by genetic approaches, it has been demonstrated that activated forms of Drosophila Ras genes created by sitedirected mutagenesis can produce developmental abnormalities when put into flies bearing wild-type Ras genes (Bishop Cor on, ; L ant itor ildem An increasing amount of attention has been paid to the other small GTP-binding proteins (p21s), related to Ras, which also appear to be involved in a wide range of processes. Biochemically, these proteins show many similarities to Ras, and much of what is known about Ras has been applied to their study. Drosophila is a suitable system for the study of these p21s, given the significant contribution of the fly to the understanding of Ras. As with Ras, it should be possible to characterize genetically newly isolated genes encoding Drosophila p21s by expressing the activated or dominant inhibitory mutant proteins in transgenic flies and looking for phenotypes. Such phenotypic effects can also provide a starting point for a developmental analysis of p21 function. The ease with which the Drosophila embryo in particular, can be examined and manipulated should make it possible to determine how p21-induced changes at the cellular level are integrated into the development and function of a multicellular eukaryote. We are interested in characterizing the Rho subfamily of 03 Developm Printed in
Polymerized liposome as ligand carrier for affinity precipitation of proteins

A polymerized liposome (PLS) was prepared using a synthesized phospholipid with a diacetylene moiety in the hydrophobic chain and an amino group in the hydrophilic head. The PLS was used as a novel ligand carrier for affinity precipitation of proteins because it showed a reversibly precipitable property on salt addition and removal. Soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) was easily immobilized on the PLS by a one‐step carbodiimide reaction. The PLS showed no nonspecific adsoprtion of proteins. It had a large ligand coupling capacity, and then a large adsorption capacity for trypsin after STI immobilization. The PLS with immpbilized STI was recycled three times for the purification of trypsin from a crude pancreatic extract. Although the degree of purification was compromised by the impurity of the STI employed, in each run the purification factor reached about 6 and more than 80% of trypsin activity was recovered. The results indicated that the PLS was a potential ligand carrier for affinity precipitation of proteins. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Development of a 15 T Nb3Sn Accelerator Dipole Demonstrator at Fermilab

A 100-TeV-scale Hadron Collider (HC) with a nominal operation field of at least 15 T is being considered for the post-LHC era, which requires using the Nb3Sn technology. Practical demonstration of this field level in an accelerator-quality magnet and substantial reduction of the magnet costs are important requirements for realization of such a machine. Fermilab has started the development of a 15 T Nb3Sn dipole demonstrator for a 100-TeV-scale HC. The magnet design is based on optimized 60-mm-aperture four-layer shell-type coils, graded between the inner and outer layers to maximize the performance and reduce the cost. The experience gained during the Nb3Sn magnet R&D is applied to various aspects of the magnet design. This paper describes the magnetic and structural designs and parameters of the 15 T Nb3Sn dipole demonstrator and the steps toward its fabrication.
Stochastic Dykstra Algorithms for Distance Metric Learning with Covariance Descriptors

SUMMARY In recent years, covariance descriptors have received considerable attention as a strong representation of a set of points. In this research, we propose a new metric learning algorithm for covariance descriptors based on the Dykstra algorithm, in which the current solution is projected onto a half-space at each iteration, and which runs in O ( n 3 ) time. We empirically demonstrate that randomizing the order of half-spaces in the proposed Dykstra-based algorithm signiﬁcantly accelerates convergence to the optimal solution. Furthermore, we show that the proposed approach yields promising experimental results for pattern recognition tasks.
Comparison between follicular stimulation and luteal stimulation protocols with clomiphene and HMG in women with poor ovarian response

Abstract This retrospective study is to compare the follicular mild stimulation and luteal simulation protocols for poor responders undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). A total of 131 women were diagnosed as poor responders. Thirty-three women started ovarian stimulation in early-luteal phase and 98 women started in early follicular phase with 100 mg/d clomiphene citrate and 75–150 IU/d HMG. There were more oocytes retrieved (2.8 ± 2.0 versus 2.0 ± 1.2, p < 0.05), more available embryos (1.8 ± 1.4 versus 1.3 ± 1.1, p < 0.05) and top-quality embryos (0.9 ± 0.9 versus 0.4 ± 0.6, p < 0.05), and reduced cycle cancellation rate (12.1% versus 30.6%, p < 0.05) in luteal group than in follicular group. The clinical pregnancy (17.7%, 20.0% and 41.2%) and live-birth rates (10.78%, 20.0% and 29.4%) after transferring embryos obtained from luteal, follicular and mixed stages were comparable (p > 0.05). For poor responders, luteal phase stimulation could be an option because of increasing the chance to obtain competent embryos and reducing the cycle cancellation rate.
Genetic alterations and chemotherapeutic response in human diffuse gliomas

Although for many years adjuvant chemotherapy has been used in the management of human diffuse gliomas, the survival of a large proportion of patients with these tumors has remained unchanged. To date, little is known about the factors that render some of these patients resistant to cytotoxic drugs. Since response to chemotherapy has been heterogeneous irrespective of glioma type, it has been proposed that some genetic alterations associated with glioma formation and progression may be responsible for the variations in the sensitivity of these tumors to adjuvant chemotherapy. In this paper, we review the literature and discuss the usefulness of some of the common genetic alterations in predicting chemotherapeutic response in gliomas.
Old Age Mental Disorders in Newcastle upon Tyne

In a previous paper (Kay, Beamish and Roth, 1963) we studied the prevalence of various kinds of psychiatric disorder in a random sample of old people living at home in Newcastle upon Tyne. During the interviews, special attention was paid to the collection of social data. For, as Townsend (1957a) pointed out, old age is an epoch of diminishing social contacts and domestic support, and isolated old people make disproportionately heavy demands on the institutions of the Health and Welfare Services. By comparing the medical status and social circumstances of subjects with organic brain syndromes, those with functional disorders, and those without psychiatric abnormality, we have attempted to explore further the relative importance of these factors in the two main groups of mental disorders in old age.
Chapter 7 DNA Methylation , Stem Cells and Cancer

In the past few years ‘cancer stem cells’ (CSCs) area has become an interesting field of cancer research. In 19th century, Durante and Conheim [6] and after one hundred year Sell and Pierce [6, 7] issued the hypothesis that stem cells could induce cancer in all type of tissues. Unlike normal tissue stem cells, cancer stem cells are characterized by an abnormal differen‐ tiation rate, which can lead to tumor [8, 9].
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODALIZED EXPRESSION PODE SER . A CASE OF ( INTER ) SUBJECTIFICATION IN PORTUGUESE

• ABSTRACT: Based on a functionalist approach, this paper analyzes the modalized expression pode ser as a complement-taking predicate which embeds a proposition (pode ser1) and as an independent structure (pode ser2), in contemporary written and spoken Brazilian Portuguese texts. We aim to identify degrees of (inter)subjectivity, revealing a process of (inter)subjectification (TRAUGOTT, 2010 among others). The analysis carried out in this paper is supported by parameters of (inter)subjectivity of modal elements (TRAUGOTT; DASHER, 2002) and by the notion of modality as a multifunctional category, serving not only to encodethe speaker’s attitude regarding the modalized content, but also as a pragmatic strategy, as a regulator of communicative situation. The exam reveals pode ser as a strongly demanded structure in interaction, a fairly requested set and also productive and useful for interpersonal relationships. The examination of semantic, discursive and morphosyntactic properties indicates a shift from syntax (pode ser1) to discourse (pode ser2), interpreted as a development of (inter)subjectification.
Nonlinear three-dimensional simulation of solid tumor growth

We present a new, adaptive boundary integral method to simulate solid tumor growth in 3-d. We use a reformulation of a classical model that accounts for cell-proliferation, apoptosis, cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion. The 3-d method relies on accurate discretizations of singular surface integrals, a spatial rescaling and the use of an adaptive surface mesh. The discretized boundary integral equations are solved iteratively using GMRES and a discretized version of the Dirichlet-Neumann map, formulated in terms of a vector potential, is used to determine the normal velocity of the tumor surface. Explicit time stepping is used to update the tumor surface. We present simulations of the nonlinear evolution of growing tumors. At early times, good agreement is obtained between the results of a linear stability analysis and nonlinear simulations. At later times, linear theory is found to overpredict the growth of perturbations. Nonlinearity results in mode creation and interaction that leads to the formation of dimples and the tumor surface buckles inwards. The morphologic instability allows the tumor to increase its surface area, relative to its volume, thereby allowing the cells in the tumor bulk greater access to nutrient. This in turn allows the tumor to overcome the diffusional limitations on growth and to grow to larger sizes than would be possible if the tumor were spherical. Consequently, instability provides a means for avascular tumor invasion.
Change Management Strategies in ERP Implementations: A Case Study

While considered as the backbone of organizations, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems tend to face resistance from potential users. Managing such resistance is imperative to the success of the implementation project. After surveying the literature landscape on change management strategies in ERP software system implementations, we employ Aladwani’s conceptual model to codify the activities followed by a public organization in the implementation of its SAP ERP system. We found that the change management activities the organization employed neatly fit the think-feel-do framework proposed by Aladwani’s model. We also present contextual factors that may explain this fit, thus adding to the scant empirical data on the application and potential robustness of this model.
Molecular construction of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase inhibition by flavonoids and chemical basis of difference in inhibition potential: Molecular dynamics simulation study

NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase, a flavoprotein, plays a central role in many diverse metabolic reactions. NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase has been shown to be responsible for the generation of free radicals from heterocyclic amines. Flavonoids compounds share remarkable similarity in structure but showed differences in their cytochrome b5 reductase inhibition pattern. Our molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed that the difference in substitution at C3 position of ring C may lead to difference in interaction with enzyme. Absence of hydroxyl group substitution at C3 in luteolin facilitates the strong cation-π interaction between Lys185 and ring A, and C and π-π between Phe92 and ring A, and C along with h-bonding between Lys185 and oxo group. Ring B of luteolin showed strong π-π interaction with FAD. These interactions were found absent in quercetin and taxifolin. These results suggest that absence of hydroxyl group substitution at C3 increases the potency of flavonoid inhibitors for cytochrome b5 reductase.
Abortion in Late Imperial China: Routine Birth Control or Crisis Intervention?

In late imperial China, a number of purported methods of abortion were known; but who actually attempted abortion and under what circumstances? Some historians have suggested that abortion was used for routine birth control, which presupposes that known methods were safe, reliable, and readily available. This paper challenges the qualitative evidence on which those historians have relied, and presents new evidence from Qing legal sources and modern medical reports to argue that traditional methods of abortion (the most common being abortifacient drugs) were dangerous, unreliable, and often cost a great deal of money. Therefore, abortion in practice was an emergency intervention in a crisis: either a medical crisis, in which pregnancy threatened a woman's health, or a social crisis, in which pregnancy threatened to expose a woman's extramarital sexual relations. Moreover, abortion was not necessarily available even to women who wanted one.
Therapeutics , Targets , and Chemical Biology The RAC 1 P 29 S Hotspot Mutation in Melanoma Confers Resistance to Pharmacological Inhibition of RAF

Following mutations in BRAF and NRAS, the RAC1 c.85C>T single-nucleotide variant (SNV) encoding P29S amino acid change represents the next most frequently observed protein-coding hotspot mutation in melanoma. However, the biologic and clinical significance of the RAC1 P29S somatic mutation in approximately 4% to 9% of patients remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate thatmelanoma cell lines possessing the RAC1hotspot variant are resistant to RAF inhibitors (vemurafenib and dabrafenib). Enforced expression of RAC1 P29S in sensitive BRAFmutant melanoma cell lines confers resistance manifested by increased viability, decreased apoptosis, and enhanced tumor growth in vivo upon treatment with RAF inhibitors. Conversely, RNAi-mediated silencing of endogenous RAC1 P29S in a melanoma cell line with a co-occurring BRAF V600 mutation increased sensitivity to vemurafenib and dabrafenib. Our results suggest RAC1 P29S status may offer a predictive biomarker for RAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma patients, where it should be evaluated clinically. Cancer Res; 74(17); 1–8. 2014
Microchip Self-Assembly on a Substrate Using Plasma Treatment

This paper demonstrates a flux/2-ethyl-1-hexanol mixture capable of performing a self-assembly process. An /Ar plasma treatment controls the surface free energy of Si, leading to better self-assembly driven by capillary force. Hydrophobic bonding pads resulting from ODT (1-octadecanethiol) SAMs (self-assembled monolayers) on a microchip can be self-assembled on hydrophobic bonding sites caused by a flux/2-ethyl-1-hexanol mixture on a substrate within 0.4 s. Microchips with 400200-rectangle bonding pads exhibited higher alignment precision (displacement error ; rotation error ) than 400400 -squares. The Owens-Wendt method was used to calculate the contact angle of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol to different bonding surfaces in water. Plasma treatment enabled the smallest contact angle of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol to ODT-modified Au surface (4.4), and the largest contact angle of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol to plasma-modified Si surface (153.5) in water. It explained why the plasma treatment exhibited benefit of self-assembly. This self-assembly technique could be used to assemble light emitting diodes, RFID tags, biosensors, or other types of microchips.