Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High cyanobacterial nif H gene diversity in Arctic seawater and sea ice brineemi

Beatriz Díez,1,2*† Birgitta Bergman,1 Carlos Pedrós-Alió,3 Meritxell Antó3 and Pauline Snoeijs4 Department of Botany, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontifícia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Casilla 114-D, C.P. 651 3677, Santiago, Chile. Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
Another Continental Vulture Crisis: Africa's Vultures Collapsing toward Extinction

Vultures provide critical ecosystem services, yet populations of many species have collapsed worldwide. We present the first estimates of a 30‐year Pan‐African vulture decline, confirming that declines have occurred on a scale broadly comparable with those seen in Asia, where the ecological, economic, and human costs are already documented. Populations of eight species we assessed had declined by an average of 62%; seven had declined at a rate of 80% or more over three generations. Of these, at least six appear to qualify for uplisting to Critically Endangered. Africa's vultures are facing a range of specific threats, the most significant of which are poisoning and trade in traditional medicines, which together accounted for 90% of reported deaths. We recommend that national governments urgently enact and enforce legislation to strictly regulate the sale and use of pesticides and poisons, to eliminate the illegal trade in vulture body parts, as food or medicine, and to minimize mortality caused by power lines and wind turbines.
On how Hadamard matrices affect image quality and acquisition time in single pixel cameras

The most common cameras work with an array of pixels (usually a CCD) where every pixel receive the li corresponding to one point of the image. when we try to get an image on the infrared, since pixels which detect this kind of light are more expensive than those that can sense visible light. For this reason, pixel camera seems the best option in order to get c infrared cameras. The idea of a camera with only one sen take an spatial problem and convert it into a temporal problem. As it is explained in this paper, our camera biggest problem in front of the usual cameras is the time it tak obtain an image of a good resolution. This problem appears from the fact that a single pixel camera needs to take a great number of measurements before creating an image, for reasons that will be explained later in this paper. methods have been studied [1] [2] to reduce this problem and improve this type of camera. However, in this case focused on the study of a very optimistic simulation with the purpose of making a simple approach to a subject still in development. Optimistic due to we do not take into account the noise or the SNR that would be a problem out of the simulation. Until nowadays, the technology for constructing single pixel camera did not exist. The physical limitation was huge, even if the mathematical base is relatively simple as it is shown in this paper. Nevertheless, with the arrival of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and the improvement on computers, it is currently possible to obtain a good image in a reasonable amount of time. It is expected that with the development of all this technology mentioned above, the single pixel cameras will become more and more viable. Summarizing, the single pixel camera has a great potential for improvement now and in the future. motivation for this work can be resume in this potential and the fact that a pixel will be always cheaper than an array of them. A work based on Python and with a still useful to understand and study the basics why a single pixel camera works, despite of its simplicity Questions that are going to be answered in the next sections.
Chinese International Students' Value Acculturation while Studying in the United States

International college students often face the challenge of integrating their native cultural values with those of their host country. The purpose of this study was to explore the changes in Chinese international students' cultural values and identity after experiencing acculturation while studying in the United States by comparing survey results among Chinese international students studying in the U.S., native Chinese students studying in mainland China and European American students studying in the United States. Participants (N = 197) completed surveys measuring traditional Asian values, European American values, and Asian identity. It was hypothesized that Chinese international students' values and identities would be different than both their European American classmates and their counterparts in China. This might be due to Chinese international students' values and identities changing after being exposed to European American values on a daily basis. As expected, Chinese international students' responses on values and identities differed significantly from European American students. However, they did not differ significantly from Chinese students who live and study in mainland China. The findings suggested the firm stability of Chinese international students' value systems and the difficulty of acculturation for these students. In addition, it helped illustrate the importance of acculturation in their lives. Implications for future research are discussed.
Social Skills Improvement for an Adolescent Engaged in Equine Assisted Therapy: A Single Subject Study

The use of animals for therapeutic purposes has been documented for centuries. There is much anecdotal literature touting the benefits of animal assisted therapy; however, there are few controlled studies supporting these claims. Therapy animals are often used with the child/adolescent population. The few controlled studies in this area suggest that there are benefits to children/adolescents when using animals in therapy. One benefit seen is an improvement in social skills; however, this …
Synthesis of amphiphilic hyperbranched polyglycerol polymers and their application as template for size control of gold nanoparticles

Amphiphilic thioether-containing core-shell polymers were synthesized by two-step reaction of hyper- branched polyglycerol (PG): first the hydroxyls of PG were O-alkylated with 1-bromo-3-chloropropane by improved Williamson reaction, and 31.6% of the hydroxyls were trans- formed to allyl groups and 22.4% of hydroxyls to 3-chloro- propyl; then the residual 3-chloropropyl groups were effi- ciently S-alkylated with 1-dodecanethiol. Thus the am- phiphilic polymers composed of hydrophobic thioether- containing shell and hydrophilic PG core were formed and could be used as template for the synthesis of zero-valent gold nanoparticles by the coordination interaction between gold species and thioether. The resulting colloids were stable and the size of the encapsulated gold nanoparticles could be adjusted by changing the molecular weight/size of the PG core of the amphiphilic derivatives. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals,
Modeling Uncertainty in a Decision Problem by Externalizing Information

This paper deals with decision problems under uncertainty. The solution of a decision problem involves observation, processing, and modeling of statistical data in order to quantify the uncertainty. Better data measurement and estimation of uncertainty add more consistency to the solution of a decision problem. The paper proposes a new way of predicting the Bayesian- Nash equilibrium which uses information sources to measure new information received by information consumers. Thus, the estimation of uncertainty is based on a more solid mathematical foundation, needed (as in the case of artificial intelligence) to produce logical inferences. From another perspective, the externalization of information helps the software designers to produce better software architectures for decision support systems. An theoretical example illustrates a market situation with a small number of firms, each firm’s output being likely to have a large impact on the market price.
Comparison of 3D Imaging Technologies for Wheat Phenotyping

The in-field measurement of phenotypes or traits of wheat such as ear size is important data for use in the development of newer wheat varieties. The data is currently gathered manually from hundreds of test plots by random sampling of the what within each plot. To improve the data quality and data collection speed, we investigate and compare the use three different 3D imaging technologies: multistereo imaging, time-of-flight and structured light laser scanning to produce point clouds of a wheat plant in-situ. Measurements of the wheat plant’s ear is made from the generated point clouds.
DFT study of the electronic structure of Cubic-SiC nanopores with a c-terminated surface

A study of the dependence of the electronic structure and energetic stability on the chemical surface passivation of cubic porous silicon carbide (pSiC) was performed using density functional theory (DFT) and the supercell technique. The pores were modeled by removing atoms in the [001] direction to produce a surface chemistry composed of only carbon atoms (C-phase). Changes in the electronic states of the porous structures were studied by using different passivation schemes: one with hydrogen (H) atoms and the others gradually replacing pairs of H atoms with oxygen (O) atoms, fluorine (F) atoms, and hydroxide (OH) radicals. The results indicate that the band gap behavior of the C-phase pSiC depends on the number of passivation agents (other than H) per supercell. The band gap decreased with an increasing number of F, O, or OH radical groups. Furthermore, the influence of the passivation of the pSiC on its surface relaxation and the differences in such parameters as bond lengths, bond angles, and cell volume are compared between all surfaces. The results indicate the possibility of nanostructure band gap engineering based on SiC via surface passivation agents.
Deer and cattle diets on summer range in British Columbia.

A study was made on the forage selection of mule deer and cattle on summer range in the Douglasfir zone. Both ungulates showed a high preference for clover, willow, and fireweed. When the availability of these forages was not limiting, the percent of diet overlap was high. As their availability declined, diet overlap decreased as both deer and cattle were forced into their individual food niche. For cattle the niche was grass, while for deer it was shrubs. The effect of declining availability of preferred forages on the dietary composition was less for deer than for cattle. Presumably the greater ability of deer to be selective permitted them to utilize those forages despite reduced availability. The summer range of deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and cattle in south central British Columbia extends from about 900 m to 2,300 m elevation. This range includes the Douglasfir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), subalpine fir (A bies lasiocarpa), and alpine zones. The range is large and the population density of deer and cattle over the entire area low. However, since both cattle and deer prefer open forests and clearings (Harris 1954; Gates 1968; Wallmo et al. 1972; Edgerton 1972), the area of habitat acceptable to both species is considerably less and the potential for competition increased. Two studies on deer and cattle interactions have been reported for ranges similar to those of the present study (Skovlin et al. 1976; Julander 1955). They were designed to determine the effects of grazing by cattle on deer distribution and forage consumption. Conclusions varied between light to severe competition with little explanation of the variable effect. same area. The information was supplemented in two other studies. In one, the degree of forb and shrub use by cattle was determined in relation to grazing intensity; in the other, forage selection by mule deer fawns was examined. Cattle diets on summer range in southern B.C. have been reported earlier (McLean and Willms 1977), however, little is known about the summer diets of deer on this range. This paper reports on several studies to evaluate the potential for forage competition between deer and cattle. In one study interaction was examined directly by enclosing both species within the The terrain was typically mountainous with elevations ranging from 1,065 to 1,340 m msl. Most of the work was done in a 3-ha site with gentle slopes located at the base of a steep hill with a north aspect. A deer-proof fence surrounded the site and also bisected it into two fields of approximately equal areas. One field was used by deer only while the other field was used by both deer and cattle. Methods
Cloning Open Reading Frame (ORF) of Rv2430c Mycobacterium tuberculosis Indonesian Isolate in Escherichia coli JM 109

Various strategies have been implemented to prevent tuberculosis. Vaccination with Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine is still used around the world. Generally, most people in have gained BCG vaccine as an infant, but the effectiveness of these vaccines do not survive to adulthood. Therefore, the necessary replacement BCG vaccine more effective to eliminate tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen and it was inside the macrophage, which is considered to be the most important component of the immune system. M. tuberculosis has two sets of genes are highly polymorphic referred to as PE and PPE families. These unique families of proteins account for about 10% of the mycobacterial genome and have attracted great interest from a variety of different studies around the world. One member of the as a vaccine candidate is Rv 2430c. It is known that the sera of all patients infected with TB showed strong antibody responses against Rv 2430c compared to healthy individuals. The existence of these antibodies indicates that this protein is found in vivo during infection and is a native immunogenic molecule. The purpose of this study was to clone the Open Reading Frame (ORF) Rv 2430c M. tuberculosis Indonesian isolates to host cells Esherichia coli JM 109. The method used is by isolating -chromosomal DNA from clinical isolates from Indonesia, amplifying the ORF Rv 2430c with , ligating into cloning vectors pGEM-T and transform to E.coli JM 109. Characterization of clones do with migration analysis, restriction analysis and . The results obtained are recombinant clones that carry insertion was Rv 2430cKeywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rv 2430c, ORF, , JM 109.
First Main Title Line First Line Second Main Title Line Second Line Third Main Title Line Third Line Biometric Spoofing: A JRC Case Study in 3D Face Recognition

Based on newly available and affordable off-the-shelf 3D sensing, processing and printing technologies, the JRC has conducted a comprehensive study on the feasibility of spoofing 3D and 2.5D face recognition systems with low-cost self-manufactured models and presents in this report a systematic and rigorous evaluation of the real risk posed by such attacking approach which has been complemented by a test campaign. The work accomplished and presented in this report, covers theories, methodologies, state of the art techniques, evaluation databases and also aims at providing an outlook into the future of this extremely active field of research.
A Study on Measurement of Forest Soil Redox Potential

Redox potential has principal influences on formation and attribute of soils and it is necessary to research the measurement of soil redox potential. The self-made potentiometer and two indigenous FJA-5 potentiometers were employed to measure the Eh values of fir forest soils in situ, which lied in Savage Sea Beauty Spot in Sichuan Province. Simultaneously fresh soils in situ were collected and made into suspensions with various soil-water ratios and standing time to measure Eh values. The results demonstrated that the total tendency of Eh values measured by the self-made potentiometer was gradually falling with soil-water ratios increasing and standing time prolonging. There is a great difference between Eh values measured in laboratory and in situ. Only in situ may the measured Eh values show realistic oxidation-reduction conditions and formation characteristics of forest soil. The self-made potentiometer has a preferable performance than indigenous FJA-5 potentiometers and it can be applied to measuring forest soil Eh in situ.
An Improved Rumor Inhibition Strategy in Social Network

The strategies for rumor inhibition behaved insufficiently in latter half of rumor propagation in social network. A new multi-community immunization strategy was proposed to inhibit the latter half of rumor propagation. This strategy calculated firstly one or several communities of special immure node in social network, and immunized the most important neighbor node in each community with a certain probability. Using Facebook friendship data as simulating experiment data, several rumor inhibition strategies, including multi-community immunization, were evaluated and analyzed comparatively. With initial propagation node and random-selected node separately, comparative experiment was advised to estimate the performance of multi-community immunity strategy. Experiment result indicates that multi-community immunization strategy has more obvious inhibiting effect in latter half of rumor propagation. Using the initial infected node as initial immune node, multi-community immunization strategy can eliminate efficiently hazards in latter half of rumor propagation.
Academic Factors and Turnover Intention: Impact of Organization Factors

Institutional support and recognition led to less happier and committed academicians. Previous empirical findings justified that intentions to leave an organization has been due to issues in commitment and job performance. The study observes 130 academicians in five Malaysian public higher learning institutions in a cross-sectional data collection collected through an online survey portal of surveymonkey.com. The results showed impact of academic development and organizational climate induced stronger organizational commitment and consequently reduced turnover intention. On the other hand, academic development and academic tasks and organizational happiness promoted higher organizational commitment and subsequently enhance job performance. Finally, limitations of the study, implication to theory, practice and future studies are suggested.
Temperate carbonate cycling and water mass properties from intertidal to bathyal depths (Azores, N-Atlantic)

The rugged submarine topography of the Azores supports a diverse heterozoan association resulting in intense biotically-controlled carbonate production and accumulation. In order to characterise this cold-water (C) factory a 2-year experiment was carried out to study the biodiversity of hardground communities and for budgeting carbonate pro5
Operant conditioning of dogs (Canis familiaris) for identification of humans using scent lineup

Training of dogs to distinguish individual human scent has no well-established scientific basis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the progress made over three consecutive training phases and to compare the training results with those of the working phase. Six naive German Shepherd dogs (4 males and 2 females) were trained to match one target human scent, placed randomly in a lineup of five other human scents, with that sniffed directly before the trial. The dogs required on average 15.3, 23.0 and 0.3 trials with commands to spontaneously indicate the target scent in training phase I (food odour amidst blank samples), in phase II (human scent amidst blanks) and in phase III (individual human scent amidst other humans’ scents), respectively. The differences among dogs in their trainability, as expressed by the number of trials with commands were significant in phases I and II. The mean percentage of false alarms (FA) and misses (MI) increased significantly in consecutive training phases. The dogs differed significantly in percentage of FA and MI in phases II and III. Non-significant rank correlation coefficients between FAs in consecutive training phases as well as between MIs indicate that it is difficult to predict future performance of a dog based upon its performance in the earlier training phases. All dogs easily learned to perform operant conditioning responses in the scent lineup, but displayed no significant improvement of the detection accuracy within particular training phases and during the working phase.
Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in the crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) by polymerase chain reaction in Iran.

The Crayfish are the largest freshwater crustacean via high skill opposite wide range of environment variables and The freshwater Crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (A. leptodactylus) is the one of the important species of Crayfish family that rearing it significant in several nations . Iran has a significant role in export of A. leptodactylus to European nations. A number of species have been used aquaria and some use seafood consumer. Listeriosis have become an important topic in biomedical research because of its central role in food microbiology and medical microbiology. In Iran, some reports is available on prevalence of Listeria spp. in A. leptodactylus. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in A. leptodactylus meat samples in Iran. From November 2012 to February 2013, a total of 40 meat samples of A. leptodactylus samples were obtained from randomly selected localities in “Aras Dam” , Western-Azerbaijan Province , Iran. The samples were tested for the presence of L. monocytogenes using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Three samples (7.5%) were positive for L. monocytogenes by PCR method. The results show that crayfish from the studied area regularly contain this pathogen that is important to public health. Consumption of these sea foods, either raw or undercooked, may give to food borne illness in Iran.
Active Species Concentrations in Pure N 2 and Ar/x%N 2 Flowing Late Afterglows at Reduced Pressure: Implications for the Sterilization of the Medical Instrumentation

The present paper is devoted to the characterization of the late afterglow region of N2 and Ar–N2 flowing discharges. Optical emission spectroscopy is used to quantify the concentrations of the chemical species able to interact with microorganisms in the treatment chamber. Herein, we show that the production of nitrogen atoms in the afterglow of a reduced-pressure flowing microwave discharge can be increased using Ar–N2 mixtures instead of pure nitrogen. At 45 cm from the discharge, the maximum concentration of atoms, obtained for the Ar–15%N2 mixture, is 2.2 × 1021 m–3 at 9 Torr with an injected microwave power PMW of 100 W and 2.9 × 1021 m–3 at 200 W. Compared with the maximum N atom concentrations obtained in pure nitrogen at 4 Torr, this result corresponds to an increase of 120% at 100 W and 45% at 200 W. We have verified that these results can be obtained while conserving full late afterglow conditions at a temperature equal to the room temperature at 100 W and not exceeding 35°C at 200 W. Under such conditions, the concentrations of the NO(A and B) excited states, formed from the impurities of the flowing gas, are low. For pure nitrogen, the concentration of the N2(A) metastable state was also measured at the end of the pink afterglow, where it is assumed to be maximal; it was 2.5 × 1016 m–3. Nitrogen atoms are the major reactive species in the late afterglow region. They are believed to be responsible for the antibacterial properties of pure N2 and Ar–N2 flowing afterglows. To verify this assumption, the Ar–15%N2 flowing afterglow was applied to inactivate Escherichia coli bacteria, and the results were compared with previous studies performed in pure nitrogen and using the same microbiological protocol. With 40 min of exposure to Ar– 15%N2 afterglow ([N] = 2.9 1021 m–3) at 32°C, a 6 log decrease of the initial bacteria population was obtained, while the same 6 log reduction could only be reached at 60°C with pure nitrogen afterglow ([N] = 1.0 × 1021 m–3).