Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Motivating Medical Students in Selecting a Career Specialty: Relevance for a Robust Orthopaedic Pipeline

Introduction: Selection of a career specialty by medical students is a complex and individualized decision. Our goals were to understand the factors that influenced medical students in selecting their career specialty, identify the stage at which this decision was made, and understand the role of demographics, mentors, and curricula in this process. Methods: Medical students from 10 institutions participated in a web-based survey. Results were stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, and level of interest in orthopaedic surgery. Results: A total of 657 students responded to the survey. Specialty content (mean rating, 8.4/10) and quality of life/lifestyle/stress level (7.5/10) were the primary motivating factors in selecting a specialty. Interest in orthopaedic surgery was lower in women than in men (2.7 versus 3.9; P < 0.01) and was equivalent among race/ethnicity groups. Although 27% of students reported moderate or extensive medical school curriculum exposure to orthopaedics, this education did not sway them toward the specialty. Conclusions: Levels of interest in orthopaedics among medical students may be lower than generally assumed. Increasing the attractiveness of the specialty will require a multifaceted approach, including recognition of lifestyle factors, adjustments in the orthopaedic clerkship to make the specialty more appealing, mentorship by orthopaedic faculty, and conversion of high levels of interest in the specialty among minority medical students into successful residency applications. Level of Evidence: IV
First Steps towards Machine-Learning supported Material Parameter Identification

Machine learning is becoming more and more part of our world. Even though most people have so far only passively used the possibilities of this technology, e.g. for search queries or product recommendations, many have surely already thought about how these new possibilities could support their work in the future. In this contribution, it is investigated if machine learning is suitable to support the process of material characterization. Through deep neural networks it is possible to "learn" nonlinear relationships between a set of input values and the corresponding output, also known as labels. As a proof of concept, it is examined whether the shape of the yield curve can be predicted based on forcedisplacement curves from simulated tensile tests. So, in a first step, a large number of tensile tests are simulated which differ in the shape of the yield curve. Here, for the description of the yield curve an approach according to Hockett-Sherby was used which provides 4 parameters for the definition of the shape. The force-displacement curves of these tests are used as the input and the parameters of the yield curve as labels. By considering the entire realistic range of all four parameters, the trained neural network should be able to provide the best matching set of parameters for a given force-displacement curve. For the prediction, of course, the initial and boundary conditions must be the same when generating the force-displacement curve, whether by simulation or in a real test. Of course, all initial and boundary conditions as well as all other assumptions and simulation settings are also learned from the neural network. Therefore a change of these parameters can for sure worsen the predictions considerably and can make a re-learning process inevitable. The long-term objective of this method and the vision of this work are to learn the possible spectrum of the whole material model in advance in order to be able to finally predict the material properties based on only a few experiments with minimal effort.
Hybrid lifetime distribution with uncertain parameter.

The real world phenomena are often facing the co-existence reality of different formality of uncertainty and thus the probabilistic reliability modeling practices are very doubtful. Under complicated uncertainty environments, hybrid variable modeling is important in reliability and risk analysis, which includes Bayesian distributional theory, random fuzzy distributional theory, as well as fuzzy random distributional theory as special distribution families. In this paper, we define a new hybrid lifetime which is specified by a random lifetime distribution with an uncertain distributed parameter, which is called as random uncertain hybrid lifetime. We furthermore define the average chance distribution as a quality index for quantifying the hybrid lifetime and accordingly the average chance reliability is derived.
Reinforcing writing in EFL through the implementation of PPP

The way in which a teacher develops their class is one of the factors that plays a fundamental role in any educational process, choosing which one is the most appropriate for a specific context implies an arduous research process and therefore, sufficient time to carry it out. During the development of this research project, we decided to implement an action research with which we sought to identify how the language teaching model known as Presentation, Practice and Production (henceforth PPP) could reinforce a group of 7th graders’ writing skill at a public school. It is important to highlight that PPP is a model that gives students the opportunity to approach knowledge in a sequential way. That is why we found this model quite useful, since it allows students to consolidate knowledge through a guided practice phase, and then they can demonstrate the learning through the third P (production). Furthermore, it is relevant to mention that the P of production can be evidenced through the speaking and writing ability, even though, in this study it was assessed through the written skill because this is the most appropriate for evidencing the learning of students during this research project. Additionally, this model gives certain freedom to teachers so they can present the topic, allowing them to use an explicit or implicit approach to teach grammar or even a mixture of them. The findings of this research process showed that the students had significant progress in the three phases of implementation of this model, allowing them to solve doubts before facing the last phase of the model. Regarding the way in which the topics were presented, it was also evident that the explicit form seems to be a good option when implementing PPP in the classroom.
Multiple User Behavior Learning for Enhancing Interactive Image Retrieval

The existing image retrieval approaches focus on the behavior of a single user only in each query without considering the correlation of the behaviors of multiple users in performing similar queries. In fact, users would have similar behaviors while they have similar expectations during queries. Accordingly, this paper therefore proposes the interactive image retrieval framework with the Similar Behavior Learning model. The framework consists of two stages. In the first stage, the framework retrieves images with the content-based feature vector as preliminary query result for user selection. In the second stage, the SBL model determines the similarity of the user behavior and annotates label code to the selected images instantly. The images are indexed by label code can be retrieved more efficiently. Meanwhile, the selected images in preliminary result are used as additional information for retrieving better results at the end of the current query. Experiments show the promising results.
Modeling To Assess Spatial Distributions and Population Numbers of Estuarine Species In the Lower Peace River and Charlotte Harbor, Florida

DRAFT 11-29-17. Research was conducted to determine the influence of changes in salinity and other physicochemical factors on spatial distributions and population abundances of aquatic species in the Lower Peace River and Charlotte Harbor, Florida. Using GIS, habitats were mapped for temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, depth, and bottom type. Catch-Per-Unit-Effort (CPUEs) were computed from Fisheries-Independent Monitoring data collected from 1996-2013. Habitat suitability modeling (HSM) based on delta-gamma generalized additive models were applied to 8 fish and invertebrate species life-stages (32 life-stages by four seasons) with affinities for low salinities. Seasonal HSM maps based on natural breaks were created for early-juvenile, juvenile and adult life-stages. Seasonal dissolved oxygen, annual depth and annual bottom type grids were held constant in the HSM. Seasonal salinity and temperature grids derived from hydrological modeling from 2007-2013 differed between Baseline (BL) and Minimum Flow (MF) conditions. Since, other factors were held constant, this allowed the assessment of seasonal impacts of water withdrawals on species life-stages using HSM. Salinity was the most significant factor in the HSMs of most species-life stages. The seasonal HSM maps were very similar between BL and MF for each species life-stage. The percentage areas of HSM zones had <2% differences between BL and MF conditions. Most seasonal population estimates for MF were less than BL estimates indicating an impact on population numbers due to water withdrawals. The differences in population numbers ranged from 1 to 21% with most being <15%. The spatial analyses provide a statistically reliable method for estimating population numbers that relate CPUEs to environmental conditions. In addition to helping set Minimum Flows and Levels, the methods can support Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management.
SLP: The Sweeping Langmuir Probe Instrument to Monitor the Upper Ionosphere on Board the PICASSO Nano-Satellite

The flourishing development of small/micro/nano platforms could offer the opportunity to decrease significantly the cost of science missions if suitable instruments can be operated from such platforms. Langmuir probe instruments have been used for decades on board large/medium-size satellites to measure ambient plasma properties (electron density and temperature together with ion density) but their operation on board smaller platforms raises several issues in addition to miniaturisation and drastic reduction of power consumption. The limited conducting area of the spacecraft will imply spacecraft charging and drift of the instrument’s electrical ground during the measurements, which would lead to unusable data. Furthermore, given the limited dimensions of the spacecraft and thus the small dimensions of the probes and booms, some hypotheses required to apply traditional Langmuir probe theory to retrieve the plasma parameters are not fulfilled. Finally, the usually limited telemetry bandwidth available on nano- to small satellites requires the use of non-traditional measurement and data processing approaches. The Sweeping Langmuir Probe (SLP) instrument, that uses a novel measurement technique, has been developed at the Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy to overcome the above mentioned issues. SLP will fly on board the ESA scientific in-orbit demonstrator PICASSO together with the hyper-spectral imager VISION. PICASSO, a triple unit CubeSat, will be launched during the first quarter of 2020. The goal of the mission is to prove the feasibility of performing true science (with limited extent) with a nano-satellite and demonstrate the favourable cost / science ratio with respect to big missions. SLP will allow a global monitoring of the ionosphere with a maximum spatial resolution of the order of 150 m. The main goals are to study the ionosphere-plasmasphere coupling, the subauroral ionosphere and corresponding magnetospheric features together with auroral structures and polar caps, by combining SLP data with other complementary data sources (space- or ground-based instruments). SLP can measure plasma density from 1e8/m³ up to 1e13/m³ and electron temperature between 1000 K and 15 000 K. The results from the measurements performed in a plasma chamber prove the suitability of SLP to be used as a true scientific instrument on a CubeSat. Given its capabilities, miniaturisation, low power consumption and already high TRL, SLP can be easily accommodated in any (2U Cubesat or larger) satellite either as a plasma diagnostic instrument or as an accurate spacecraft potential monitor.
Cumulative species description curve of Corotocini (Aleocharinae, Staphylinidae) and prospects for the future

This study deals with the global estimation of the species of Corotocini (Aleocharinae) based on taxonomic description rates. We estimate the maximum number of possible extant species by maximum likelihood using the Michaelis-Menten model fitted into a non-linear regression. Although the studies regarding Corotocini are majorly taxonomic descriptions, the results suggest that there are many yet undescribed species, We also highlight that the basic knowledge regarding these organisms ecology is fairly obscure. Since the discovery of the first organism living in association with termites, the taxonomic effort hasn't been constant along the years, and although our results suggest that many species lie undiscovered, the lack of specialized professionals can compromise the actual knowledge regarding their biodiversity. Besides that, we comment on the future of this field and the lack of specimens from various locations.
Anatomical Characteristics of Sunlight-induced Bark (Periderm) Coverages on Columnar Cacti of Central Mexico

More than twenty-three species of tall, long-lived columnar cacti from a large variety of locations within the Americas show sunlight-induced periderm development on their stems. Periderm coverages lead to cactus morbidity and mortality. Our objective was to determine if periderm coverage patterns and anatomical characteristics of periderm formation differ among five cactus species located at a single site. Periderm coverages, patterns of periderm coverages and histological changes during the periderm formation process were determined for five native species of tall, long-lived columnar cacti in the Tehuacan Valley of Puebla, Mexico during May to June 2019. Periderm coverages and patterns of periderm on cactus surface varied among the species. On surfaces, some species had periderm form at crests initially, while one species had initial periderm form where troughs join. All species had the same internal tissues but the characteristics of these tissues varied among species. In response to periderm formation, one species retained its cuticle while one species retained its hypodermis intact and another produced cork cells inside the hypodermis. Overall, the histological changes that result from periderm formation were specific for each species and no pair of species showed the same responses to periderm formation. In conjunction with data from species from South America, eight distinct scenarios of histological manifestations were documented. Although, each of the five cactus species were in the same location and received the same amount of sunlight exposures, each species showed unique periderm coverages on surfaces, unique anatomical characteristics and unique anatomical responses. Thus, location was not the primary determinant of responses.
Turkish Prospective Teachers Perspective of Different Types of Exams: Multiple Choice, Essay and Computerized-type Testing

CALL FOR SUBMISSIONS! Essays in Education (EIE) is a professional, peer-reviewed journal intended to promote practitioner and academic dialogue on current and relevant issues across human services professions. The editors of EIE encourage both novice and experienced educators to submit manuscripts that share their thoughts and insights. Visit https://openriver.winona. edu/eie for more information on submitting your manuscript for possible publication.
HEATR1 Deficiency Promotes Chemoresistance via Upregulating ZNF185 and Downregulating SMAD4 in Pancreatic Cancer

Objective To discover the correlated gene with HEATR1 in regulating chemoresistance of gemcitabine. Methods Gene chip analysis was performed to find out differential genes between HEATR1-KD and control groups. The top 20 genes were subjected to high-content screening, and functional assay was implemented. Gene expression profiling was carried out to find the downstream target. Immunohistochemistry and survival analysis were performed. Results ZNF185 fold change (4.5285) was the most significant between the HEATR1-KD and control groups. Knocking down ZNF185 could promote the chemosensitivity, apoptosis, and proliferative inhibition, with SMAD4 significantly upregulated. Patients with high HEATR1 and SMAD4 or low ZNF185 exhibited better survival. Conclusion HEATR1, ZNF185, and SMAD4 could affect the chemosensitivity of gemcitabine and may be the indicators of gemcitabine selection in the chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer.
Learning Discriminative Affine Regions via Discriminability

We present an accurate method for estimation of the affine shape of local features. The method is trained in a novel way, exploiting the recently proposed HardNet triplet loss. The loss function is driven by patch descriptor differences, avoiding problems with symmetries. Moreover, such training process does not require precisely geometrically aligned patches. The affine shape is represented in a way amenable to learning by stochastic gradient descent. When plugged into a state-of-the-art wide baseline matching algorithm, the performance on standard datasets improves in both the number of challenging pairs matched and the number of inliers. Finally, AffNet with combination of Hessian detector and HardNet descriptor improves bag-of-visual-words based state of the art on Oxford5k and Paris6k by large margin, 4.5 and 4.2 mAP points respectively. The source code and trained networks are available at this https URL
IMPACT OF CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN MEDIATING OF INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC ATTRIBUTES QUALITY OF PURCHASE INTENTION

A business organization should always strive to maintain its sustainability by creating loyalty and purchase intention towards its products. The activity is specifically required for an organization engaged in the restaurant industry. The organization needs to be aware of which product attributes are in concern to the customers when purchasing the food in a restaurant. This research was intended to measure the importance of the quality from intrinsic and extrinsic attributes of a product for the customers and its impact on the customers’ loyalty and purchase intention. The research was conducted by involving the customers of a pizza product in Yogyakarta. 116 respondents were selected using convenience sampling technique. Meanwhile, the data being obtained were analyzed by using structural equation modeling (SEM) approach and data processing program named AMOS 20.0 after going through two stages of testing, namely data validity and data reliability tests. The results showed that the intrinsic attributes quality has a direct and positive impact on the customer’s purchase intention, but there is no impact on their loyalty. On the other hand, the extrinsic attributes quality has both direct and indirect impacts on the purchase intention through the loyalty mediator variable. The results also demonstrated the dominance of the importance of loyalty in the research model. This was indicated by the significance of direct impact or predictive total impact of loyalty towards purchase intention as compared to the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic attributes quality.
An Environmental Resilience based on Approaching Planners Triangle for Integrated CatchmentManagement

Over recent decades, urbanization, industrialization, and floods have produced massive changes in the Zengwun River catchment in Tainan, Taiwan. Planners must reconcile at least three conflicting interests to facilitate the nation’s rapid economic growth and to preserve the integrity of the catchment’s water balance processes. Contributing to preexisting work done in integrated catchment management (ICM) and relying on the planner’s triangle model to create a unique framework, this article proposes to encourage environment resilience in the urban, developing areas of the Zengwun catchment. The framework consists of two integrated models—water balance model and a geographic information system (GIS) to assess the conflicts among social, environmental, and economic interests. The empirical results obtained from our study of the Zengwun catchment’s urban area have shown unequal regional spatial conservation and insufficient ICM strategies, both of which result in spatial mismatches and decrease urban environment resilience.
Three Decades of Ozone Lidar Development at Garmisch-

Since 1988 two ozone lidar systems have been developed at IMK-IFU (Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 8 Germany). A stationary system, operated at the institute, has yielded about 5000 vertical profiles of ozone from 9 next to the ground to typically 3 km above the tropopause and has contributed data for a large number of 10 scientific investigations. A mobile system was successfully operated in a number of field campaigns after its 11 completion in 1996, before it was destroyed in major flooding in May 1999. Both systems combine a high data 12 quality with high vertical resolution dynamically varied between 50 m in the lower troposphere and 250-500 m 13 below the tropopause (stationary system). The stationary system has been gradually upgraded over the years. The 14 noise level of the raw data has reached a level of about ±1×106 of the input range of the transient digitizers after 15 minor smoothing. As a consequence, uncertainties of the ozone mixing ratios of 1.5 to 4 ppb have been achieved 16 up to about 5 km. The performance in the upper troposphere, based on the wavelength pair 292  313-nm varies 17 between 5 and 15 ppb, depending on the absorption of the 292-nm radiation in ozone and the solar background. 18 In summer it is, therefore, planned to extend the measurement time for 41 s to a few minutes in order to improve 19 the performance. For longer time series automatic data acquisition has been used. The number of measurements 20 per year has been confined to less than 600 since fully automatic data evaluation has, still, had its limitations and 21 some manual actions are needed. 22
NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS

Statistical gust-frequency data taken by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics were used to determine the effect of overloading an airplane on the frequency of occurrence of gust loads that stress the airplane to or above lts design applied bending moment. The analysis was made for three transport-type airplanes operating at cruising power with overloads varying from O to 50 percent of’the design gross weight. The results are presented in the form of curves of critical gust-load fre~uency as a function of overload with design gust velocity and wing-‘ weight ratio as parameters.