Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wavelength selection method of unmanned vehicle-mounted multi-wavelength lidar in off-road environment

At present, the technical research of lidar used in unmanned vehicle driving mainly focuses on continuously improving the density of lidar point cloud under the working mode of lidar with single wavelength, but the detection of echo is limited to single echo, missing a lot of details. Although the increase of laser point cloud density can improve the object recognition ability based on the geometric features of the point cloud, it also has a decreasing effect and many additional system requirements, which cannot fundamentally solve the problem of the lack of physical property detection ability caused by the single wavelength of lidar. To promote cross-country environment physical properties of the laser radar detection ability and help the laser radar's ability to obtain the information such as target state, in this paper, based on the calculation results of typical target spectral characteristics and lidar echo characteristics, a wavelength selection method for unmanned multi-wavelength lidar in off-road environment is proposed, which uses principal component analysis of typical target spectral features to determine the characteristic wavelengths that can distinguish the target by spectral features. Besides， the degree of waveform splitting is discussed through the simulation calculation of laser echo waveform, which helps finding the spectral wavelengths to distinguish targets in the same distance.
Copy Number Variation Analysis of IL22 and LCE3C in Different Subtypes of Psoriasis in a Chinese Han Population

Background Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated and hyperproliferative skin disease with both genetic and environmental components. Copy number variations (CNV) of IL22 and LCE3C-LCE3B deletion have been confirmed to be predisposed to psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) in several ethnic groups. However, it remains to be clarified whether CNVs of IL22 and LCE3C are associated with different subtypes of psoriasis (psoriatic arthritis, PsA; erythrodermic psoriasis, EP; and generalized pustular psoriasis, GPP). Material/Methods We enrolled 897 Han Chinese individuals, including 478 patients and 419 healthy controls, and detected CNVs of IL22 and LCE3C using the comparative CT method by real-time PCR, and Pearson’s χ2 test was used to evaluated the copy number difference among subtypes. Results CNVs of IL22 were significantly higher in PsV than in healthy controls (P<0.001). CNV of LCE3C in PsV, PsA, and GPP groups were significantly lower compared to healthy controls. When linked with clinical parameters, mild psoriasis carried less IL22 copy numbers than that in severe psoriasis (P=0.043). Neither IL22 or LCE3C CNVs were associated with age of onset. Conclusions CNVs of LCE3C and IL22 might differentially contribute to subtypes of psoriasis. These findings suggest complex and diverse genetic variations in and among different clinical subtypes of psoriasis.
Path loss model for wireless narrowband communication above flat phantom

A new empirical path loss model for wireless communication at 2.4 GHz above a flat, lossy medium, representing human tissue, is presented. The model is valid for dipole antennas for heights up to 5 cm above the phantom and for distances up to 40 cm, and was applied to muscle and brain simulating media. For antennas placed close to the lossy medium, it was found that antenna height has a major influence on path loss. The model has been validated by measurements and simulations, which show excellent agreement
A Three Dimensional Model for the Mechanical Study of Railway Catenaries

This paper describes how the increasing demands for rail units, requiring among other aspects optimal and accurate conditions to mount the catenary, needs a rigorous mechanical calculation where the development of the corresponding computer software is essential in order to solve the various problems in a satisfactory manner. Most of the work done at this moment is based on two-dimensional models, but that model is not quite realistic because the catenary is a structural system, consisting of wires arranged in a zigzag, considering different types of loading as the weight of the wires or the wind effect, acting such charges in different directions. The development of an advanced model in three dimensions can be of great help to achieve more realistic results. The paper is an introduction to the study of mechanical railway catenary based on a three-dimensional model, the method presented here allows different types of static problems to be solved, such as the calculation of the stiffness of the line and the calculation of the length of the droppers.
Employer Branding – A Human Resource Strategy for Companies in a Turbulent Environment Based on the Example of Northern Austria

Human capital is a precondition for regional development and influences, to a great extent, the value or worth of a region. Especially in a turbulent environment, human capital is a key factor to keep a region competitive and innovative. This paper addresses employer branding as a sustainable strategy for companies, located in the border region of Northern Austria, to manage their human resources. The region is characterized by mostly small and medium sized enterprises which increasingly face labour shortage because numerous residents commute to more urban areas. Hence, employer branding contributes to regional development by attracting and retaining qualified people who not only live in the region but are also willing to work there and invest their talent into the development of new and innovative products or services. An empirical study was conducted to gain insight into how precious human capital can be secured in order to reinforce regional development and encounter the labour shortage problem. Interesting information about employers’ and employees’ values was discovered. Based on the results, companies in the target region require an enhanced human resource strategy in order to be visible for potential employees and to retain existing employees. That is to say, companies that are noticeable and attractive have better chances to entice qualified people which, in turn, positively influences regional development, as people not only live but also work in the region and invest their potential. Talented people not only spur the innovative strength of a company but also determine the success of an organisation. New approaches towards managing human capital and their impact on the target region are presented in this paper.
Discriminant models of the possibility of occurrence and course of psoriasis in men of the general group and different somatotypes depending on the characteristics of anthropo-somatotypological indicators

Significant prevalence and multifactorial occurrence of psoriasis are the main reasons why this disease has been studied for years by scientists in the field of dermatology. Finding tools to predict the occurrence and severity of this disease is one of the key unrealized areas of modern medicine in the field of skin diseases. The purpose of the study is to build and analyze discriminant models of the possibility and features of psoriasis course in Ukrainian men without and taking into account the somatotype, depending on the structure and size of the body. Anthropometric and somatotypological examination of 82 practically healthy and 100 patients with mild and severe psoriasis was performed. Construction of discriminant models of the possibility of occurrence and features of psoriasis depending on anthropo-somatotypological indicators is performed in the license package “Statistica 5.5”. It was found that men of the general group and representatives of the mesomorphic somatotype can reliably interpret the obtained classification indicators both between healthy and patients with psoriasis of different course, and between men with psoriasis of mild and severe course (correctness 84.1% of cases, statistics Wilks’ Lambda=0.074, р<0.001 in the general group, correctness 83.6% of cases, statistics Wilks’ Lambda=0.077, р<0.001 in mesomorphic somatotype). In men of endo-mesomorphic somatotype, a reliable interpretation of the obtained classification indicators is possible only between healthy and psoriatic men (correctness 84.6%, statistics Wilks’ Lambda=0.027, р<0.001). Discriminant models in men of the general group include body diameters and SFT (44.4% each) and the fat component of body weight (11.1% each); in men of mesomorphic somatotype – body diameters (57.1%), SFT (28.6%) and body surface area (14.3%); in men of endo-mesomorphic somatotype – body diameters (60.0%) and SFT on the thigh and the height of the finger anthropometric point (20.0% each). The greatest contribution to discrimination in men of the general group and representatives of the mesomorphic somatotype is made by shoulder width, and in men of endo-mesomorphic somatotype – shoulder width, interspinous and intercristal distances. The results obtained, especially in the division of men into somatotypes, indicate a high genetic predisposition to psoriasis.
The World Heritage site of Ouro Preto

Purpose – This article presents the current situation of Ouro Preto, the first Brazilian city to be inscribed on the World Heritage List of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) in 1980. It explores the evolution of the urban form, especially concerning public policies and development strategies as the motors to prompt the city's expansion.Design/methodology/approach – Landscape architecture concepts were employed to understand impacts caused by the settlement within its urban landscape. In addition, urban morphology methods were used to research the urban form considered as a product of public policies, shaped by political, social and economic forces. In this manner, building typologies and new urban forms occupying the surrounding hills of the historical city's core were viewed as urban morphology issues, whereas the impact of the new housing scheme on the land and on the city skyline was a subject related to landscape architecture.Findings – In general, it was observ.
Failure analysis of arbitrarily shaped human skull due to impact

Abstract Human skull may be subjected to a sudden impact during road accidents. The failure may or may not be initiated depending on the severity of the impact during the accident. In general a human skull is an arbitrarily shaped shell and the shape and size vary from person to person. It is also of composite in nature and is made of layers of different bones. In the present work, an attempt has been made to determine the impacting velocity at which the failure will initiate in a skull. This impacting velocity may be termed as ‘critical impacting velocity’. A finite element based transient dynamic analysis procedure to study the impact behaviour of human skull is presented in this paper. Effort has also been made to generalize the finite element method so as to account for the composite sandwich construction and arbitrary shell shape of a human skull. Using the degenerated shell approach, the geometry and the displacement fields are directly discretized and mapped into the local domain from the global axes system.
Combined Therapy of Vitamin D3-Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells and Interferon-β in a Preclinical Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Autologous antigen-specific therapies based on tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDC) offer the possibility to treat autoimmune diseases by restoring homeostasis and targeting specifically autoreactive responses. Here, we explore the hypothesis that systemic inflammation occurring in autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), can generate a disease-specific environment able to alter the functionality of tolDC. In this context in fact, a combined therapy of tolDC with an immunomodulatory treatment could potentiate the beneficial effect of this antigen-specific cell therapy. For this purpose, we analyzed the efficacy of a combined therapy based on the use of vitamin D3 (VitD3)-tolDC plus interferon beta (IFN-beta) in MS. VitD3-tolDC were generated from healthy donors and MS patients and co-cultured with allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence or absence of IFN-beta. In vitro, VitD3-tolDC treatment reduced the percentage of activated T cells and allogeneic proliferation, whereas VitD3-tolDC+IFN-beta treatment enhanced the suppressive ability of VitD3-tolDC and, additionally, induced a shift towards a Th2 profile. To determine the clinical benefit of the combined therapy, C57BL/6-experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-induced mice were treated with antigen-specific VitD3-tolDC and/or IFN-beta. Treatment of EAE mice with combined therapy ameliorated the disease course compared to each monotherapy. These results suggest that a combined therapy based on antigen-specific VitD3-tolDC and IFN-beta may represent a promising strategy for MS patients.
Human Planners, Planning Structures and the Planning Bullwhip

The aim of this paper is to contribute empirically to the theory development on planning instabilities in industrial practice by studying in depth an industrial company which has difficulty to meet its customer deadlines and faces a significant order back log. Planners at the various levels of the hierarchical planning system and order chasers on the shop floor end up rescheduling open orders and updating (de facto) lead times very frequently when trying to meet deadlines, but eventually are not able to improve order fulfilment. Only after the introduction of an Advanced Planning System (APS) and centralization of planning decisions in one single department, planning results could be improved significantly, accomplishing 97% of customer due dates and reducing order back log drastically. These kind of planning instabilities have received considerable attention due to their negative impact on planning performance, however, research has been limited to theoretical (e.g. simulation) settings and have focused on specific ways to overcome instabilities. Our main contribution is an empirical investigation of the underlying mechanism of such planning instabilities, with a particular focus on the impact on stability of human and organizational factors. Our findings suggest clearly that structure and frequency significantly influence stability, but that the underlying mechanisms are more subtle and differentiated than assumed in the modelling literature. A further contribution of the paper to theory development is the introduction of the general term “planning bullwhip” for such kind of planning instabilities by integrating in an aggregate manner the different terminologies that have been coined in extant research.
Error Estimation of Euler Method for the Instationary Stokes–Biot Coupled Problem

In this paper, we study a finite element computational model for solving the interaction between a fluid and a poroelastic structure that couples the Stokes equations with the Biot system. Equilibrium and kinematic conditions are imposed on the interface. A mixed Darcy formulation is employed, resulting in continuity of flux condition of essential type. A Lagrange multiplier method is used to impose weakly this condition. With the obtained finite element solutions, the error estimators are performed for the fully discrete formulations.
Evaluating whole-genome sequencing quality metrics for enteric pathogen outbreaks

Background Whole genome sequencing (WGS) has gained increasing importance in responses to enteric bacterial outbreaks. Common analysis procedures for WGS, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genome assembly, are highly dependent upon WGS data quality. Methods Raw, unprocessed WGS reads from Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Shigella sonnei outbreak clusters were characterized for four quality metrics: PHRED score, read length, library insert size, and ambiguous nucleotide composition. PHRED scores were strongly correlated with improved SNPs analysis results in E. coli and S. enterica clusters. Results Assembly quality showed only moderate correlations with PHRED scores and library insert size, and then only for Salmonella. To improve SNP analyses and assemblies, we compared seven read-healing pipelines to improve these four quality metrics and to see how well they improved SNP analysis and genome assembly. The most effective read healing pipelines for SNPs analysis incorporated quality-based trimming, fixed-width trimming, or both. The Lyve-SET SNPs pipeline showed a more marked improvement than the CFSAN SNP Pipeline, but the latter performed better on raw, unhealed reads. For genome assembly, SPAdes enabled significant improvements in healed E. coli reads only, while Skesa yielded no significant improvements on healed reads. Conclusions PHRED scores will continue to be a crucial quality metric albeit not of equal impact across all types of analyses for all enteric bacteria. While trimming-based read healing performed well for SNPs analyses, different read healing approaches are likely needed for genome assembly or other, emerging WGS analysis methodologies.
Tracking analysis of the sign algorithm without the Gaussian constraint

This paper is concerned with the analysis of the sign algorithm (SA) when used to adapt a finite impulse response (FIR) filter with randomly time-varying target weights. The analysis is done under the assumption that positive and negative polarities of the noise are equally probable and that the noise probability density function at the origin exists and is strictly positive, This assumption fits many noise distributions encountered in applications. Expressions of the excess mean square error /spl xi/ and the mean square weight misalignment /spl eta/ are derived. It is found that both /spl xi/ and /spl eta/ are independent of the type of distribution of the filter input. Both /spl xi/ and /spl eta/ are proportional to the reciprocal of the noise probability density function at the origin. The step sizes that minimize /spl xi/ and /spl eta/ are found to be independent of both the variance and the type of distribution of the noise. Given the sum of the mean square target weight fluctuations, it is found that /spl xi/ (resp. /spl eta/) is independent (resp. dependent) on both the mean squares of individual target weight fluctuations and the mutual correlation among them. The tracking properties of the SA are found to be strongly related to the ones of the LMS algorithm. It is shown that the charts of /spl xi/ and /spl eta/ versus the step size of the SA can be obtained from the corresponding ones of the LMS algorithm via a simple linear transformation that depends only on the noise distribution. The above results hold for both continuous and discrete distributions of the input of the filter.
Effect of Nigella sativa L. as Saponin Sources on In vitro Rumen Fermentation, Enzyme Activity and Nutrients Digestibility

| The effect of Nigella sativa L. as saponin sources on in vitro rumen fermentation, enzyme activity, and nutrients digestibility was investigated in this study. The diet consisted of 70% Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and 30% wheat pollard containing 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% saponin, respectively. In vitro fermentation was conducted using Menke and Steingass gas production and two-stage Tilley and Terry. The acquired data were subjected to variance analysis and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The addition of Nigella sativa L. meal significantly decreases (P<0.05) methane (digested organic matter), protozoa population, and increased microbial protein but does not affect (P>0.05) pH, ammonia concentration, and volatile fatty acids (VFA) production. CMCase enzyme activity reduced (P<0.05) as saponin levels increased, but amylase and protein of enzyme were unaffected (P>0.05). Saponin reduced protein digestibility in the rumen, but there was no difference in dry matter (DM) or organic matter (OM) when compared to the control (P>0.05). Post-rumen nutrients digestibility did not affect by the saponin diet (P>0.05). In conclusion, saponins reduced protozoa population, CH4 production, increased microbial protein, and improve rumen protein digestibility. Therefore, we recommend the use of 0.4% saponins Nigella sativa L. to reduce CH4 production without affecting rumen fermentation.
Random-switching control in DC-to-DC converters

The authors discuss the properties of switching noise in power converters from the viewpoint of the frequency domain. They also discuss the concept of random-switching control, by which the switching-noise spectrum is smoothed and its level is reduced. Two types of control circuits realizing the random switching are introduced for a buck converter, and their basic operations are explained and experimentally examined. Finally, the authors report experimental switching-noise spectra for two kinds of control, namely, random-switching control and conventional PWM (pulse-width-modulated) control. A comparison of these control schemes confirms that random-switching control is effective for suppressing the peak level of the switching-noise spectrum. <<ETX>>
Bereavement and educational outcomes in children and young people: A systematic review

Experiencing bereavement due to the death of a close person is rife in the lives of young people. This review aimed to investigate how bereavement affects educational outcomes of students at various educational levels and what factors may be involved in moderating these outcomes. The systemic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines with searches of peer-reviewed literature in Embase, Emcare, Medline, PsycINFO and Scopus. Twenty-two studies (17 quantitative and 5 qualitative) were included. In general, bereavement can constitute a barrier to educational achievement in young people compromising academic performance, and educational engagement and attainment. Several factors can place young people at greater risk of experiencing this disadvantage and further research into these mechanisms and interventions to mitigate short- and long-term consequences, especially among high-risk groups, is warranted.
Auto fuzzy tuning having minimum structure by using genetic algorithm and delta rule

An auto tuning algorithm of fuzzy inference for Fuzzy neural networks using the genetic algorithm and the delta rule is presented. Some auto-tuning methods are proposed to reduce time-consuming operations by human experts. This tuning method brings the minimal and optimal structure of the fuzzy model. Two types of the fuzzy model are prepared, whose membership functions on the antecedent part consist of triangular and Gaussian type, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed methods compared with the former methods is shown by simulation. The proposed method has the potential to be applied to robotic motion control, sensing and recognition problems. <<ETX>>