Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Earnings and Employment Effects of Continuous Gff-the-Job Training in East Germany After Unification

Retraining the labor force to match the demands of a modern economy is an important task during the transition process from a centrally planned to a market economy. This need is particular pressing in East Germany, because the transition process is much faster there than in the rest of Eastern Europe. Therefore, substantial resources are devoted to this purpose. This paper analyses the impact of continuous off-the-job training in East Germany from the point of view of the individuals who were in the labor force before German unification in 1990. It answers questions about the average gains from participating in a specific type of training. Typical outcomes considered to measure these gains are income, employment status, job security and expected career prospects. The methodology used for the empirical evaluation is the potential outcome approach to causality. This approach has received considerable attention in the statistical literature over the last 15 years and it has been recently rediscovered by the econometric literature as well. Here, it is adapted to allow for important permanent and transitory shocks that influence the decision to participate in the training as well as future labor market outcomes. The empirical results are based on the first five waves of the Socio-Economic Pariel (GSOEP)-East (1990-1994). This panel data set has the advantage that the fourth wave contains a special survey on continuous training and that it allows to keep track of individual behaviour on a monthly, respectively yearly, basis. The econometric analysis focuses on off-the-job training courses that began after unification. Although it is obviously too early to evaluate the long-run implications, the results suggest that at least in the short-run there are no positive effects.
Comparative Reproduction Aspects of the Deep-water Shrimps Aristaeomorpha foliacea and Aristeus antennatus (Decapoda, Aristeidae) in the Greek Ionian Sea (Eastern Mediterranean)

In the eastern Ionian Sea, the deep-water shrimps Aristaeomorpha foliacea and Aristeus antennatus constitute a virgin fishing resource, since their maximum abundance depth exceeds commercial exploitation depths. The two sympatric species share a number of common reproductive features, such as summer reproduction. A slight temporal shift in mating activity, ovarian maturation, and spawning period was observed between species. The most notable difference was the more pronounced seasonality in reproductive activity of Aristeus antennatus compared to that of A. foliacea as evidenced by the frequency of inseminated females and functionally mature males, as well as by the shorter ovarian maturation period. Nevertheless, regarding the whole life span, both sexes of Aristeus antennatus exhibit a more extended reproductive activity in comparison to A. foliacea. No notable differentiation of both species existed in comparison to other Mediterranean regions.
SGID: a comprehensive and interactive database of the silkworm

Although the domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an important model and economic animal, there is a lack of comprehensive database for this organism. Here, we developed the silkworm genome informatics database, SGID. It aims to bring together all silkworm related biological data and provide an interactive platform for gene inquiry and analysis. The function annotation in SGID is thorough and covers 98% of the silkworm genes. The annotation details include function description, gene ontology, KEGG, pathway, subcellular location, transmembrane topology, protein secondary/tertiary structure, homologous group and transcription factor. SGID provides genome scale visualization of population genetics test results based on high depth resequencing data of 158 silkworm samples. It also provides interactive analysis tools of transcriptomic and epigenomic data from 79 NCBI BioProjects. SGID is freely available at http://sgid.popgenetics. net. This database will be extremely useful to silkworm research in the future.
Molecularly-Imprinted Materials for Potentiometric Transduction: Application to the Antibiotic Enrofloxacin

Enrofloxacin (ENR) is an antimicrobial used both in humans and in food producing species. Its control is required in farmed species and their surroundings in order to reduce the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Thus, a new biomimetic sensor enrofloxacin is presented. An artificial host was imprinted in specific polymers. These were dispersed in 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether and entrapped in a poly(vinyl chloride) matrix. The potentiometric sensors exhibited a near-Nernstian response. Slopes expressing mV/Δlog([ENR]/M) varied within 48–63. The detection limits ranged from 0.28 to 1.01 µg mL−1. Sensors were independent from the pH of test solutions within 4–7. Good selectivity was observed toward potassium, calcium, barium, magnesium, glycine, ascorbic acid, creatinine, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline. In flowing media, the biomimetic sensors presented good reproducibility (RSD of ± 0.7%), fast response, good sensitivity (47 mV/Δlog([ENR]/M), wide linear range (1.0 × 10−5–1.0 × 10−3 M), low detection limit (0.9 µg mL−1), and a stable baseline for a 5 × 10−2 M acetate buffer (pH 4.7) carrier. The sensors were used to analyze fish samples. The method offered the advantages of simplicity, accuracy, and automation feasibility. The sensing membrane may contribute to the development of small devices allowing in vivo measurements of enrofloxacin or parent-drugs.
Extraction of cinnamic alcohol from Rhodiola rosea using deep eutectic solvents

The aim of this study is to assess the possibility of using deep eutectic solvents (DES) for the extraction of components of essential oils and biologically active substances from the rhizomes of Rhodiola rosea. Cinnamic alcohol was obtained obtained in aqueous, methanol, ethanol and DES extracts by maceration. Content of the alcohol in extracts was assessed. For preparation of DES, choline chloride was used as an hydrogen bonds acceptor, and malonic acid and glycerol were used as hydrogen bonds donors. Analysis was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using a GCMS-QP2010 instrument (SHIMADZU) with NIST 27.147 databases. It has been established that the mixture of choline chloride + glycerin + water extracts more than 2 times more cinnamic alcohol than ethanol, and more than 5 times more than methanol.
Electrochemical oxidation of loop diuretic furosemide in aqueous acid medium and its analytical application

Abstract An investigation of oxidative–reductive mechanisms of pharmaceutically important molecules gives us information about the metabolic fact of targeted drug. As compared to recent ongoing, time-consuming and costly techniques, there is an urgent needing for development of a sensitive technique, which can help easy understanding of these pathways. Therefore, in the present work, an effective, low-cost and time-saving technique to investigate the reaction mechanism of furosemide in aqueous acid medium is attempted. Furosemide undergoes two-proton and two-electron transfer reaction. The product obtained was analysed by UV spectra. It was found that the chemical oxidation and electrochemical oxidation of furosemide follows two different pathways. In addition, an effective technique has been developed to determine furosemide in its trace level. Good recoveries and low detection limit accomplished the magnitude of the proposed method. The proposed method was adopted for furosemide determination in human urine and pharmaceutical samples.
P o S ( M U L T I F 2 0 1 7 ) 0 3 8 High-energy Emission Properties of Pulsars

Christo Venter, Alice K. Harding and Isabelle Grenier Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France E-mail: Christo.Venter@nwu.ac. za, ahardingx@yahoo.com, isabelle.grenier@cea.fr
An Econometric Forecasting for the Social Security Trust Funds

The financing for Social Security is a pay-as-you-go system, rather than the full-reserve system utilized in private insurance, and the financing conditions of the trust funds have more uncertainty than does the reserve in private insurance. Traditionally, the financing conditions have been decided by a deterministic approach using economic and demographic assumptions that rely upon negotiation among experts at various government agencies. In this paper, we propose an econometric approach, called the co-integrated multivariate time series model, for forecasting the financing conditions of the trust funds. This stochastic approach not only establishes the interrelationships but also clarifies the co-movements among the economic assumptions. Furthermore, it helps us analyze the original assumptions rather than the differences of the nonstationary assumption variables adopted by researchers in the past that are more difficult to interpret. Using this approach, we can assess the probability distribution of the future balance of trust funds instead of assessing estimates from the three alternative deterministic assumptions. This distribution will provide policy-makers with a better assessment of stability of the trust funds.
Making and repairing places for making and repairing

Collective DIY (do-it-yourself) is a phenomenon that is increasingly connected with struggles for autonomy. Autonomy here is seen as creating shared resources and the means of continuously steering the activities of the collective. Therefore, this article explores contemporary, collective DIY initiatives, and the relation of design and autonomy in such initiatives, based on three cases from Finland and Germany. The first case is a sewing cafe located close to Ulm that has operated as a living lab for research on sustainable consumption since 2016. The second case is a cultural lab in Helsinki, which was open for all to participate in and ran on an internal currency for one year until its closure, in 2017. Finally, the third case is a cultural lab in Berlin, which has provided a space for a variety of DIY activities since 2010. The paper conceptualizes the initiatives with the notion of infrastructure in order to better understand how these initiatives create conditions for different ways of being and acting from a design perspective. I complement this concept with a practice-theoretical approach in order to see if these different ways of acting hold any potential for autonomy in everyday life. Empirical evidence, including evidence from interviews with the organizers and participant observation, indicates that DIY collectives organize around ideals of creativity, democratic and mutually supportive relations, and sets of commons. Whilst evidence on the broader impacts of the initiatives is scarce, skills, common resources, and alternative spaces outside the market logic have potential for autonomy in everyday life. Keywords: DIY, DIT, autonomy, infrastructuring, practice theory.
ect of optimal dietary therapy upon visual function in children with long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase and trifunctional protein de W ciency

The objective of this prospective cohort study was to determine if dietary therapy including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 -3) supplementation prevents the progression of the severe chorioretinopathy that develops in children with long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) or trifunctional protein (TFP) deWciency. Physical, biochemical, and ophthalmological evaluations, including electroretinogram (ERG) and visual acuity by evoked potential (VEP), were performed at baseline and annually following the initiation of 65–130 mg/day DHA supplementation and continued treatment with a low-fat diet. Fourteen children with LCHAD or TFP deWciency, 1–12 years of age at enrollment, were followed for 2–5 years. Three subjects with TFP -subunit mutations had normal appearance of the posterior pole of the ocular fundi at enrollment and no changes over the course of the study. Eleven subjects who were homozygote and heterozygote for the common mutation, c.1528G > C, had no change to severe progression of atrophy of the choroid and retina with time. Of these, four subjects had marked to severe chorioretinopathy associated with high levels of plasma hydroxyacylcarnitines and decreased color, night and/or central vision during the study. The plasma level of long-chain 3-hydroxyacylcarnitines, metabolites that accumulate as a result of LCHAD and TFP deWciency, was found to be negatively correlated with maximum ERG amplitude (Rmax) (p D 0.0038, R2 D 0.62). In addition, subjects with sustained low plasma long-chain 3-hydroxyacylcarnitines maintained higher ERG amplitudes with time compared to subjects with chronically high 3-hydroxyacylcarnitines. Visual acuity, as determined with the VEP, appeared to increase with time on DHA supplementation (p D 0.051) and there was a trend for a positive correlation with plasma DHA concentrations (p D 0.075, R2 D 0.31). Thus, optimal dietary therapy as indicated by low plasma 3-hydroxyacylcarnitine and high plasma DHA concentrations was associated with retention of retinal function and visual acuity in children with LCHAD or TFP deWciency.  2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1096-7192/$ see front matter  2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ymgme. 2005.06. 001 * Corresponding author. Fax: +1 503 418 1376. E-mail address: gillingm@ohsu.edu (M.B. Gillingham). M.B. Gillingham et al. / Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 86 (2005) 124–133 125
MULTI-SPECTRAL FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY WITH EMBEDDED LIQUID FILTERS FOR POINT-OF-CARE APPLICATIONS

We present a new way of multi-spectral fluorescence microscopy using the embedded liquid filters in a microfluidic chip, providing flexibility of filter changes for target fluorescence wavelengths and low-cost assays for point-of-care (POC) applications. Widely available food color solutions are adopted for emission filter to absorb residual excitation light. Absorbance of the microfluidic liquid filter was measured for various dye concentrations and filter layer thicknesses. Also, absorbance spectrum of two different color mixtures was investigated for tuning the filter wavelength. Both results match with theoretical Beer-Lambert Law. On-chip liquid-filter fluorescence imaging was demonstrated with multiple LED light sources and fluorophores. Live (green)/dead (red) fluorescence images of C6 cells viability assays were successfully demonstrated using the fabricated microchip with the embedded liquid filters. The images taken with the liquid filter were comparable to those from the conventional microscope using FITC HYQ and TRITC HYQ filter sets.
Alkyne Oxidations by cis-Dioxoruthenium(VI) Complexes. A Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Alkynes with cis-[(Cn*)(CF3CO2)RuVIO2]ClO4 (Cn* = 1,4,7-Trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane)

cis-Dioxoruthenium(VI) complexes, [Cn*(CF3CO2)RuVIO2]ClO4 (1) (Cn* = 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) and cis-[(Tet-Me6)RuVIO2](ClO4)2 (2) (Tet-Me6 = N,N,N‘,N‘-tetramethyl-3,6-dimethyl-3,6-diazaoctane-1,8-diamine), oxidize disubstituted alkynes to 1,2-diketones selectively in good to excellent yields under ambient conditions. The reactions proceed via the formation of dark blue intermediates, which display a characteristic UV−visible absorption band at 550−680 nm. With bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene as substrate and 1 as the oxidant, the intermediate was isolated and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography as a [3 + 2] cycloadduct. The kinetics of the cycloaddition of 1 with various substituted trimethylsilylacetylenes has been studied by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. With the exception of bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene, the second-order rate constants were found to vary over a range of less than an order of magnitude irrespective of a 2.3 eV change of the calculated Ip of the alkynes; t.
Factors Critical for Learning Management System in On-line Distance Learning (ODL)

On-line distance learners depend heavily on learning management system (LMS) to fulfill their learning requirements. The learners would expect that LMS will contain all the necessary learning materials and resources for learners to refer to for learning. Also, the system should be able to support such activities like downloading, uploading, forming, and chatting. Once the system is established, learners would use the system provided if they are satisfied with it and in turn increases learners retention. Hence, this paper is to examine the factors affecting the e-satisfaction and e-retention of a learning management system (LMS). The factors identified include: technology acceptance model, perceived quality, and LMS characteristics.
Evaluating causal effects of Early Childhood Care and Education Investments: A discussion of the researcher' s toolkit

Evaluations of causal effects of early childhood care and education (ECCE) investments on later child outcomes usually encounter a number of identification problems. This is due to a particularly difficult quest to identify the counterfactual case. Solutions for this problem are provided by a number of identification strategies which are used in programme evaluation. In this paper, these identification strategies are explained and explicitly studied with respect to their applications in evaluations of ECCE investments. The discussion of this toolkit of strategies reveals that the availability of data determines which strategy should be preferred. The best strategy should build on theoretical foundations, mention the assumptions which are made when simplifying reality and should refer to the internal and external validity of inferences that are made. ECCE evaluations that are done in is this way, can better inform policymakers about what investments work best for young children.
Psychological Contract Breach and Turnover Intention: The Intermediary Role of Job Satisfaction

Compared with previous studies, this article, from a dynamic perspective, considers the graduates’ expectations for corporate responsibility (CR) and employee responsibility (ER) as virtual psychological contract (PC), and deems the differences between responsibility expectation (RE) and responsibility fulfillment (RF) as psychological contract breach (PCB), for exploring empirically the differences in graduates’ perception about PC before and after entering into the workplace, and discussing thoroughly the influence path that PCB acts on job satisfaction (JS) and turnover intention (TI). The results manifest that there are some prominent discrepancies in the cognition about PC, which maybe directly induce graduates’ quit. In addition, under the intermediary role of JS, various dimensions of PCB have totally different impacts on TI.
Genetic diversity and relationships in the grapevine germplasm collection from Central Asia

The mountainous region between the Caucasus and China is considered the center of diversity for many temperate fruit crops. Also the transitional types of grapes, including wild forms of the subsp. Vitis sylvestris, cultivated landraces and ancient local varieties, were once common in this region. Despite Central Asia is considered a focal region of the world regarding grapevine development, limited information about the extent and distribution of grapevine genetic variation is available. Here we report the first assessment of genetic diversity, relationships and structure of 80 grapevine cultivars and 21 V. sylvestris accessions originated from the regions of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. We expanded the coverage of this survey to include a set of 53 traditional Georgian varieties and homologous SSR genotypes of 107 cultivars representing four V. vinifera ancestral subpopulations. This allowed us to evaluate the contribution of the Central Asian grapevine germplasm to diversification of the cultivated grapevine gene pool.
Export Margins, Price and Quantity of Belarus’s Export Growth

Abstract This paper examines the sources of Belarus’s export growth and decomposes export growth into extensive and intensive margins. This study also aims to determine export margins for intermediate and final goods and to determine the price and quantity components of the intensive export margin. In order to achieve the desired objectives, we use two methods for decomposing export growth, the count method and the export shares method. We analyse Belarus's export growth using export data at the HS-6 digit level for the 2004-2014 period. Our results show that Belarus's exports grew mainly due to growth in the price margin during the studied period 2004-2014. However, the extensive margin was important in export growth to some extent. Comparing the growth rate across final and intermediate goods reveals that although the share of final products in Belarus’s exports is not very big (18.9% in 2014), the average annual growth in exports of final products is higher than that of intermediate goods. Our investigation also shows that Belarus produces a wide range of commodities, but the share of the most of these commodities is not large; its exports depend on a restricted range of commodities. Moreover, most of the commodities are exported to Russia and Ukraine. Our results give us reason to assume that finding new markets for their new products is one of the main challenges for developing countries wishing to increase their exports by an extensive margin. This has important implications for how policy makers promote the trade and diversification of exports.
Farmer attitude towards organic vegetable cultivation in Rangunia Upazila, Chittagong, Bangladesh

The study was undertaken to determine the attitude of farmers towards organic vegetable cultivation and explore the relationships between their selected characteristics with their attitude. Data were collected through personal interview using pre tested structured questionnaire from a sample of 65 randomly selected vegetable farmers and FGD during January to February 2015 in Pourashava and Sarafvata union under Rangunia upazila of Chittagong district. Attitude was measured against 13 statements regarding organic vegetable cultivation following five point Likert scale. To explore the relationship between the concerned variables correlation coefficient (r) was computed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the variables. Majority of the farmers (95.4%) had positive attitude towards organic vegetable cultivation. Correlation analysis indicates that level of education, extension media contact and agricultural training received had positive and significant relationship with their attitude score.