Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early-late coordinated beam-scheduling aided MmWave cellular networks

As a benefit of using highly directional beams in millimeter wave systems the downlink inter-cell interference (ICI) imposed on the users can be mitigated, provided that the beams of neighbor cells do not point towards the user. We exploit this by designing a protocol for network-coordinated time-domain beam scheduling. Specifically, every pair of neighboring cells maintains a beam-collision table for recording the pairs that may inflict ICI upon each other. Then, to avoid beam-collision, the two neighbor cells exchange the necessary information to avoid their simultaneous activation. More explicitly, our protocol supports a distributed cell coordination method without requiring any information exchange between the user and the base station, once the beam collision table has been established. Furthermore, our theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed protocol is capable of efficiently mitigating the ICI between the adjacent cells and hence improves the overall network performance.
Real Effects of Relaxing Financial Constraints for Homeowners: Evidence from Danish Firms

<br>Using detailed Danish micro-data, we study how a credit-driven boom in consumer demand affects firm dynamics. We exploit the introduction of interest-only mortgages in 2003 to estab- lish a structural break in Danish households’ spending capacity. A difference-in-differences approach indicates that the reform sharply increases consumers’ expenditure. This demand shock generates revenues and profits for Danish firms and results in the creation of at least 2,500 additional jobs, between 2004 and 2010. These positions are concentrated in the non- tradable sector. Our results indicate that mortgage markets shape the size and composition of real economic activity during expansion phases. <br>
Influences of γ-Irradiation and Storage on the Carotenoids of Sun-Dried and Dehydrated Paprika

The effects of drying methods, γ-irradiation, and storage on the carotenoids (capsanthin, capsorubin, zeaxanthin, capsolutein, violaxanthin, β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin) of paprika were investigated. Sun-dried and dehydrated paprika samples were irradiated in a 60Co γ-irradiator at five doses (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 kGy) in polyethylene bags and stored for 10 months at ambient temperature. Individual carotenoid analyses were carried out on the paprika and fresh red pepper during a 2 month period using the reverse phase HPLC technique. The concentrations of capsanthin and capsorubin, which are responsible for the attractive red color of sun-dried paprika, were higher than those of dehydrated paprika. Higher irradiation doses and a longer storage period resulted in a significant (P < 0.01) reduction of all the carotenoids, except capsorubin. There was no significant (P < 0.05) effect of irradiation dose on capsorubin destruction. The decrease of red carotenoids, for all irradiation treatments, was les.
UndEr MicroWavES: MolEcUlar dynaMicS StUdy

By molecular dynamics simulations, we have studied the enhanced heating of salty ice and water by the electric field of applied microwaves at 2.5 GHz, and those in the range 2.5-10 GHz for the frequency dependence. We show that water molecules in salty ice are allowed to rotate in response to the microwave electric field to the extent comparable to those in pure water, because the molecules in salty ice are loosely tied by hydrogen bonds with adjacent molecules unlike rigidly bonded pure ice. The weakening of hydrogen-bonded network of molecules in salty ice is mainly due to the electrostatic effect of salt ions rather than the short-range geometrical (atom size) effect of salt since the presence of salt ions with small radii results in similar enhanced heating.
Inhibitory mechanisms of dihydroginsenoside Rg3 in platelet aggregation: Critical roles of ERK2 and cAMP

Ginsenoside Rg3, a single ginseng saponin, is known to be a major anti‐platelet component of protopanaxadiol that is isolated from Korean red ginseng. In this study, we investigated whether dihydroginsenoside Rg3, a stable chemical derivative of ginsenoside Rg3, also demonstrated anti‐platelet activity. Dihydroginsenoside Rg3 inhibited thrombin‐induced platelet aggregation in a concentration‐dependent manner with an IC50 (concentration producing 50% inhibition) of 18.8 ± 0.4 μM. Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibited platelet aggregation which was induced by thrombin (0.1 U mL−1) with an IC50 of 40.2 ± 0.9 μM. We next determined whether dihydroginsenoside Rg3 affected different types of ligand‐induced platelet aggregation. We found that dihydroginsenoside Rg3 inhibited collagen‐induced platelet aggregation with an IC50 of 20.0 ± 0.9 μM. To elucidate the inhibitory mechanism of dihydroginsenoside Rg3 on aggregation, we analysed its downstream signalling pathway. It was interesting to note that dihydroginsenoside Rg3 elevated cyclic AMP production in resting platelets, but did not affect cyclic GMP production. In addition, we found that dihydroginsenoside Rg3 potently suppressed phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), which was stimulated by collagen (2.5 μg mL−1), but not of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase. Taken together, our results indicate that dihydroginsenoside Rg3 potently inhibited platelet aggregation via the modulation of downstream signalling components such as cAMP and ERK2.
Gastrointestinal ecology response of piglets fed diets containing non-starch polysaccharide hydrolysis products and egg yolk antibodies following an oral challenge with Escherichia coli (K88)

The gastrointestinal ecology (GE) of piglets fed diets containing non-starch polysaccharide hydrolysis products (HP) and egg yolk antibodies against K88 fimbriae (EYA) following oral challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC) was investigated. The HP were products of incubating feedstuffs with a blend of carbohydrase enzymes. Forty, 21-d-old pigs (two pigs/pen) were assigned to four diets to give five pens per diet. The diets were: a control fed without or with 5 g kg-1 of HP and EYA either singly or in combination forming a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Following a 9-d adaptation period, all pigs were orally challenged with ETEC and killed at 24 and 48 h post-challenge (one pig/pen on each occasion). Feeding HP increased pre-challenge average daily gain (252 vs. 207 g d-1; P = 0.01). An interaction (P < 0.10) between EYA and HP was observed such that when fed in combination they resulted in higher ileal digesta lactic acid and cecal DM contents and lower ileal digesta ammonia. The main eff.
Orthotrichum pamiricum (Bryophyta), a new epiphytic moss species from Pamir Mountains in Central Asia

Orthotrichum pamiricum Plasek & Sawicki is described as a new species from the western foothills of the Pamir Mountains of the Tajik-Afghan border in Central Asia. It is placed in Orthotrichum Hedw. subg. Pulchella (Schimp.) Vitt. The species is characterized by obtuse leaf apices, cryptoporous stomata, an exostome composed of 8 pairs of the teeth that are recurved when dry, and an endostome with 16 thin and incurved segments. Molecular data indicating the phylogenetic placement of O. pamiricum are also presented.
Establishment of a Cell Line fromSpodoptera litura(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Replication ofS. lituraNuclear Polyhedrosis Virusin Vitro

Abstract A new cell line, designated IBL-SLO1A, was established from pupal ovaries of the tobacco cutwormSpodoptera litura.Cells were grown in the TNM-FH insect cell culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The subculture of cells was initiated with 1–3 × 105cells/ml, a split ratio about 1:10. The growth curve of the cells fit the model of exponential growth (Y = e−0.6750 + 0.0317XR2 = 0.98), the population doubling time during logarithmic growth at 28°C was 21.9 hr. The number of chromosomes was about 140. Cytopathology characteristics of baculovirus infection were observed when the culture cells were infected with SINPV derived from alkali dissolution of occlution bodies at 24 hr postinfection (pi). The cells lysed and released occlusion bodies into culture medium at 120 hr pi.
Diels-Alder cycloadditions in water for the straightforward preparation of peptide–oligonucleotide conjugates

The Diels-Alder reaction between diene-modified oligonucleotides and maleimide-derivatized peptides afforded peptide–oligonucleotide conjugates with high purity and yield. Synthesis of the reagents was easily accomplished by on-column derivatization of the corresponding peptides and oligonucleotides. The cycloaddition reaction was carried out in mild conditions, in aqueous solution at 37°C. The speed of the reaction was found to vary depending on the size of the reagents, but it can be completed in 8–10 h by reacting the diene-oligonucleotide with a small excess of maleimide-peptide.
P53 Gene: Mutation and Immunohistochemical Analysis in Patients with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of Breast

The p53 tumor suppressor gene is the most commonly mutated gene in cancer. In breast cancer, the presence of p53 gene alterations has been associated with worse prognosis. This study was attempted to associate p53 gene mutations with its protein expression in North Eastern Indian population. We used single-stranded conformation polymorphism to screen samples for mutations in five conserved regions, exons 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, of the p53 gene. Mutations were confirmed by direct DNA sequencing. Samples were also analyzed for expression of p53 immunohistochemically. We found two critical mutations in the exon 4. A well known missense mutation at codon 72 (pro to arg) with a frequency of 47% was found which was significantly correlated with the immunohistochemical analysis of p53 protein in such patients. A novel nonsense mutation at codon 107 which leads to stop codon was also found. Although the occurrence of this mutation was very less, we did not find expression of p53 protein immunohistochemicaly. We support that mutation in p53 gene can be exploited as a prognostic marker for the early diagnosis of breast cancer, although more clinical and epidemiological data is required to establish this claim.
PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN EXTRACELLULAR THERMOSTABLE LIPASE FROM A THERMOPHILIC BACILLUS SP.

The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize thermostable microbial lipases. An enrichment culture technique was used to enrich for thermophiles capable of utilizing olive oil as a carbon source. Out of 44 initial isolates, strain H1, which exhibits the highest lipase activity, was chosen for further characterization. Strain H1 was a spore forming rod, capable of growing at 65°C and was assigned as a Bacillus sp. Optimal lipase production was on medium containing 1 % Tween 80. Lipase H1 was partially purified by acetone precipitation, anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 20,000 (based on gel filtration) and is most active at pH 7.0 at 70°C with a half-life of 50 h at 60°C. Lipase H1 had no apparent requirement for cofactors and its activity was completely inhibited in the presence of 1 mm HgCl 2 . The best substrates for the enzyme were short-chain fatty acid esters. With β-naphthyl caprylate as a substrate, the enzyme has a K m of 0.02 mM
Water relations, photosynthesis, growth and water-use efficiency in tomato plants subjected to partial rootzone drying and regulated deficit irrigation

Abstract Partial rootzone drying (PRD) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) are water-saving irrigation systems that have been developed to increase water-use efficiency (WUE) without significant yield reduction. In order to investigate whether a high-value horticultural crop such as tomato responded differently to RDI and PRD, we compared the physiological and growth responses of tomato plants using a split-root system. Plants were grown in a greenhouse under controlled conditions with their roots separated equally between two soil compartments. Three irrigation treatments were imposed: (i) Control, receiving an amount of water equivalent to 100% of plant transpiration; (ii) PRD, in which one compartment was watered with 50% of the amount of water supplied to the controls, allowing one-half of the root system to be exposed to dry soil and switching irrigation between sides weekly; and (iii) RDI, in which 50% of the amount of water given to the controls was supplied, half to each side of the root system. Leaf RWC and midday leaf Ψ decreased substantially in RDI-treated plants, while the PRD plants exhibited relatively higher Ψ and RWC values. Both PRD and RDI treatments reduced by about 30% the total plant dry mass compared with the control. However, plant transpiration was reduced by about 50% in both PRD and RDI, allowing a significant improvement in whole-plant WUE. Stomatal conductance (Gs) and leaf growth were also significantly reduced by PRD and RDI. These results may be related to a significant increase in xylem sap pH and leaf apoplastic pH. Generally, the photosynthetic apparatus of tomato leaves had a high resistance to restricted water availability. In fact, the decreased Gs had no major negative impact on carbon assimilation. However, V cmax, i.e. Rubisco efficiency, was significantly decreased in RDI plants with respect to control ones. This may imply that, although the differences between the PRD and RDI treatments in our study were subtle, they may become more marked with a more prolonged and severe water deficit.
A comparison of the diet and fine-scale distribution of sympatric Tibetan and red foxes in Qinghai, PR China

We compared the diet and the spatial distribution of the Tibetan fox Vulpes ferrilata and the red fox Vulpes vulpes in the Tibetan plateau, to elucidate mechanisms of coexistence for these two sympatric canids and to clarify their roles as definitive hosts for zoonotic Echinococcus parasites. Diet and fine-scale distribution patterns were assessed by fecal DNA analysis. A total of 45 fecal samples (15 belonging to Tibetan fox, 30 belonging to red fox were collected from 15 sites into three of which contained only Tibetan fox feces, six only red fox feces, and six contained feces of both species. The abundance of pika burrows, a key prey item for both species, did not differ among the sites. Food composition analysis, estimated using a point-frame method, revealed slight but insignificant differences between the two species. Tibetan foxes consumed primarily mammals, whereas red foxes consumed primarily insects. The dietary range of the Tibetan fox was narrower than that of the red fox but there was little dietary overlap between the two species. These findings suggest that the weak partitioning of food resources between Tibetan and red foxes can facilitate their coexistence even within the same habitat where they share the same key prey items, i.e. small mammals such as pikas. These dietary differences between the two fox species also suggest that the Tibetan fox is a more important definitive host for Echinococcus on the Tibetan plateau than is the red fox.
A new unified framework for designing convex optimization methods with prescribed theoretical convergence estimates: A numerical analysis approach

We propose a new unified framework for describing and designing gradient-based convex optimization methods from a numerical analysis perspective. There the key is the new concept of weak discrete gradients (weak DGs), which is a generalization of DGs standard in numerical analysis. Via weak DG, we consider abstract optimization methods, and prove unified convergence rate estimates that hold independent of the choice of weak DGs except for some constants in the final estimate. With some choices of weak DGs, we can reproduce many popular existing methods, such as the steepest descent and Nesterov's accelerated gradient method, and also some recent variants from numerical analysis community. By considering new weak DGs, we can easily explore new theoretically-guaranteed optimization methods; we show some examples. We believe this work is the first attempt to fully integrate research branches in optimization and numerical analysis areas, so far independently developed.
Gene expression signatures differentiate ovarian/peritoneal serous carcinoma from breast carcinoma in effusions

Ovarian/primary peritoneal carcinoma and breast carcinoma are the gynaecological cancers that most frequently involve the serosal cavities. With the objective of improving on the limited diagnostic panel currently available for the differential diagnosis of these two malignancies, as well as to define tumour‐specific biological targets, we compared their global gene expression patterns. Gene expression profiles of 10 serous ovarian/peritoneal and eight ductal breast carcinoma effusions were analysed using the HumanRef‐8 BeadChip from Illumina. Differentially expressed candidate genes were validated using quantitative real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering using all 54,675 genes in the array separated ovarian from breast carcinoma samples. We identified 288 unique probes that were significantly differentially expressed in the two cancers by greater than 3.5‐fold, of which 81 and 207 were overexpressed in breast and ovarian/peritoneal carcinoma, respectively. SAM analysis identified 1078 differentially expressed probes with false discovery rate less than 0.05. Genes overexpressed in breast carcinoma included TFF1, TFF3, FOXA1, CA12, GATA3, SDC1, PITX1, TH, EHFD1, EFEMP1, TOB1 and KLF2. Genes overexpressed in ovarian/peritoneal carcinoma included SPON1, RBP1, MFGE8, TM4SF12, MMP7, KLK5/6/7, FOLR1/3, PAX8, APOL2 and NRCAM. The differential expression of 14 genes was validated by quantitative real‐time PCR, and differences in 5 gene products were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Expression profiling distinguishes ovarian/peritoneal carcinoma from breast carcinoma and identifies genes that are differentially expressed in these two tumour types. The molecular signatures unique to these cancers may facilitate their differential diagnosis and may provide a molecular basis for therapeutic target discovery.
Inbreeding–environment interactions increase extinction risk

Being able to accurately estimate the persistence time of populations of endangered plants and animals is central to conservation biology and is of considerable importance in informing land‐use decisions. Genetic deterioration (due to inbreeding and random genetic drift) and environmental deterioration (e.g. climate change, pollution and introduced species) clearly contribute to population extinction, however, considerable recent evidence suggests that interactions between genetic deterioration and environmental stress are ubiquitous. The importance of these interactions for potentially reducing persistence times has not been quantified and has not been taken into account by major conservation organizations. Using a computer simulation, we determined that including reasonable estimates of the inbreeding–environment interaction reduces persistence times by 17.5–28.5% (mean=23%) for a wide range of carrying capacities, assumptions concerning the number of lethal equivalents and different regimes for the frequency and magnitude of the stressful environment. We note that the proportional decrease in persistence time with inclusion of the interactions becomes larger (i.e. the interaction becomes more important) as absolute time to extinction gets larger. Thus, inclusion of the interaction is important and surprisingly may be most needed when populations are of intermediate size and are considered relatively safe from environmental and genetic stresses acting independently.
Thermal states are vital: Entanglement Wedge Reconstruction from Operator-Pushing

We give a general construction of a setup that verifies bulk reconstruction, conservation of relative entropies, and equality of modular flows between the bulk and the boundary, for infinite-dimensional systems with operator-pushing. In our setup, a bulk-to-boundary map is defined at the level of the $C^*$-algebras of state-independent observables. We then show that if the boundary dynamics allow for the existence of a KMS state, physically relevant Hilbert spaces and von Neumann algebras can be constructed directly from our framework. Our construction should be seen as a state-dependent construction of the other side of a wormhole and clarifies the meaning of black hole reconstruction claims such as the Papadodimas-Raju proposal. As an illustration, we apply our result to construct a wormhole based on the HaPPY code, which satisfies all properties of entanglement wedge reconstruction.
Lattice-based Unidirectional IBPRE Secure in Standard Model

Proxy re-encryption (PRE) securely enables the re-encryption of ciphertexts from one key to another, without relying on trusted parties, i.e., it offers delegation of decryption rights. PRE allows a semi-trusted third party termed as a "proxy" to securely divert encrypted files of user A (delegator) to user B (delegatee) without revealing any information about the underlying files to the proxy. To eliminate the necessity of having a costly certificate verification process, Green and Ateniese introduced an identity-based PRE (IB-PRE). The potential applicability of IB-PRE leads to intensive research from its first instantiation. Unfortunately, till today, there is no unidirectional IB-PRE secure in the standard model, which can withstand quantum attack. In this paper, we provide, for the first time, a concrete construction of unidirectional IB-PRE which is secure in standard model based on the hardness of learning with error problem. Our technique is to use the novel trapdoor delegation technique of Micciancio and Peikert. The way we use trapdoor delegation technique may prove useful for functionalities other than proxy re-encryption as well.
Moving from two- to multi-way interactions among binary risk factors on the additive scale

Many studies have focused on investigating deviations from additive interaction of two dichotomous risk factors on a binary outcome. There is, however, a gap in the literature with respect to interactions on the additive scale of >2 risk factors. In this paper, we present an approach for examining deviations from additive interaction among three or more binary exposures. The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) is used as measure of additive interaction. First, we concentrate on three risk factors – we propose to decompose the total RERI to: the RERI owned to the joint presence of all three risk factors and the RERI of any two risk factors, given that the third is absent. We then extend this approach, to >3 binary risk factors. For illustration, we use a sample from data from the Greek EPIC cohort and we investigate the association with overall mortality of Mediterranean diet, body mass index , and smoking. Our formulae enable better interpretability of any evidence for deviations from additivity owned to more than two risk factors and provide simple ways of communicating such results from a public health perspective by attributing any excess relative risk to specific combinations of these factors. Abbreviations: BMI: Body Mass Index; ERR: excess relative risk; EPIC: European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition; MD: Mediterranean diet; RERI: relative excess risk due to interaction; RR: relative risk; TotRERI: total relative excess risk due to interaction