Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ON THE DETECTABILITY OF STAR–PLANET INTERACTION

Magnetic (or tidal) interactions between “hot Jupiters” and their host stars can potentially enhance chromospheric and coronal activity. An ideal test bed for investigating this effect is provided by the extreme WASP-18 system, which features a massive (∼10 times Jupiter) close-in (≲1 day period) transiting planet orbiting a young F6 star. Optical and X-ray observations of WASP-18 were conducted in 2011 November. The high-resolution echelle spectrograph Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle was used on the 6.5 m Magellan Clay Telescope to obtain 13 spectra spanning planetary orbital phases of 0.7–1.4, while the X-ray Telescope on Swift provided contemporaneous monitoring with a stacked exposure of ∼50 ks. The cores of the Ca ii H and K lines do not show significant variability over multiple orbits spanning ∼8 days, in contrast to the expectation of phase-dependent chromospheric activity enhancements for efficient star–planet interaction. The star is also X-ray faint, with log LX < 27.6, indicating that coronal activity is likewise low. The lack of detectable star–planet interaction in this extreme system requires that any such effect here must be transient, if indeed present. We demonstrate that searches for Ca ii H and K variability can potentially mistake a stellar hotspot, if observed over a short segment of the rotation period, for planet-induced activity. Taken together, these results suggest that the utility of star–planet interaction as a robust method of estimating exoplanet magnetic field strengths may be limited.
Effect of pre-grazing herbage mass and daily herbage allowance on perennial ryegrass swards structure, pasture dry matter intake and milk performance of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows.

To maximize milk output and milk solids per hectare from grazing dairy cows it is necessary to identify the level of grazing swards in order to achieve high pasture dry matter intake (PDMI). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pre-grazing herbage mass (HM) and daily herbage allowance (DHA) on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) swards structure, PDMI and milk performance. Sixty-four spring-calving Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were balanced and randomly assigned to one of four (n = 16) grazing groups (LL, LH, HL and HH) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The treatments consisted on two pre-grazing HM, low (L- 1,600 kg DM ha ‐1 ) or high (H- 2,400 kg DM ha ‐1 ) and two DHA, low (L- 15 kg DM cow ‐1 day ‐1 ) or high (H- 20 kg DM cow ‐1 day ‐1 ). Swards structure, PDMI and milk performance were examined across the grazing season. The low HM groups completed 9.5 rotations of average 22 days length compared to 6.5 rotations of 32 days for the high HM groups. Herbage utilization was greater (p 4.0 cm) were lower (p < 0.001) for the low HM (221 and 170 kg ha ‐1 , respectively) than for the high HM (388 and 303 kg ha ‐1 , respectively). The high DHA had higher (p < 0.001) milk output (19.5 kg day ‐1 ) and milk solids (1.46 kg cow ‐1 ). The highest milk output per ha and per cow was achieved by LH, with low post-grazing residuals and high sward quality. Additional key words: grass intake; grazing management; herbage utilization; milk output per hectare; pasture allowance; spring-calving cows; sward quality.
The Portuguese schools’ evaluation programme: A sociological approach to the participation of social actors

This article analyses the current Portuguese Schools’ Evaluation Programme, implemented since 2006 in all state schools, as a social construction. The article focuses on a particular topic of the external evaluation the participation of social actors in school life, as well as on school principals’ perceptions of the process. Our research is based on a content analysis of schools’ evaluation reports conducted in three different regions (Lisbon and Tagus Valley, Alentejo and Algarve) and a series of semi-directive interviews with the principals and chairpersons of the General Councils of 20 schools. While it is important to consider the evaluation programme in the light of international political tendencies (e.g. New Public Management), it is also relevant to understand the impact of such policy on schools. We highlight the contributions of this approach to a wider reflection on evaluation processes.
Air Entrainment and Surface Fluctuations in a Turbulent Ship Hull Boundary Layer

Air entrainment due to turbulence in a free-surface boundary layer shear flow created by a horizontally moving vertical surface-piercing wall is studied through experiments and direct numerical simulations (DNS). In the experiments, the moving wall is created by a laboratory-scale device composed of a surface-piercing stainless steel belt that travels in a loop around two vertical rollers; one length of the belt between the rollers simulates the moving wall. The belt accelerates suddenly from rest until reaching constant speed and creates a temporally evolving boundary layer analogous to the spatially evolving boundary layer that would exist along a surface-piercing towed flat plate. We report cinematic laser-induced fluorescence measurements of water surface profile histories, cinematic observations and measurements of air entrainment events, and air bubble size distributions and motions. To complement the experiments, DNS of the temporally evolving turbulent boundary layer were conducted, considering both the air and water phases. Because of cost considerations, only a portion of the belt was simulated at a lower Reynolds number, keeping the Froude number, however, at the same levels as in the experiments. The results of the experiments and DNS are found to be in qualitative agreement and are used synergistically to explore the physics of the air entrainment process; quantitative agreement is not to be expected given the differences in setup and Reynolds numbers. In the experiments and DNS, the free-surface motion is found to consist of a region near the belt with fast-moving uncorrelated large-amplitude ripples and an outer region of small-amplitude propagating waves. Entrainment events similar to plunging breaking waves are found in the experiments, and these and other entrainment mechanisms are examined in detail in the DNS. The spatial distributions of bubble numbers and velocities are reported along with their diameter distributions.
Effects of the Presence of Left Main Coronary Artery Disease on the Results of Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery

Background: Left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease is one of the risk factors that affect the outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. In particular, this risk factor pertains to the conduct of conventional on-pump CABG. Very little is known about the effects of the presence of LMCA disease on the results of off-pump CABG (OPCABG) surgery. Material and Methods: In the Department of Cardiac Surgery of the Republican Specialized Center of Cardiology, during the period between April 2015 and April 2017, 270 consecutive OPCABG procedures were performed. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the presence or absence of LMCA disease. Group 1 consisted of 124(44.9%) patients with LMCA disease, and Group 2 consisted of 146(55.1%) patients without LMCA lesions (non-LMCA group). Results: The average number of distal anastomoses in both groups was more than 3 anastomoses/patient. The incidence of nonfatal intraoperative complications was 8.9% in Group 1 and 15.1% in Group 2 (P=0.1212). The conversion rate to on-pump CABG amounted to 3.2% (4 patients) in Group 1 and to 4.8% (7 patients)in Group 2. In the immediate postoperative period, 40(32.2%) patients of Group 1 and 45(30.8%) of Group 2 needed inotropic support until full restoration of normal hemodynamics with duration between 3.0 and 2.6 hours. The average duration of ventilation support was 6.4 hours in Group 1 and 5.6 hours in Group 2. Hospital mortality was 0.8% (1 patient) in Group 1 and 0.7% (1 patient) in Group 2. Conclusion: Thus, the presence of left main stem lesion of LCA is not an additional risk factor that would complicate the performance of OPCABG surgery. The OPCABG operation in this group of patients is a safe method and can be performed without compromising the completeness of myocardial revascularization with the same low mortality as in low-risk patients. (International Journal of Biomedicine. 2017;7(3):175-179. )
Fe b 20 15 Binary Embedding : Fundamental Limits and Fast Algorithm

Binary embedding is a nonlinear dimension reduction methodology where high dimensional data are embedded into the Hamming cube while preserving the structure of the original space. Specifically, for an arbitrary N distinct points in S, our goal is to encode each point using mdimensional binary strings such that we can reconstruct their geodesic distance up to δ uniform distortion. Existing binary embedding algorithms either lack theoretical guarantees or suffer from running time O ( mp ) . We make three contributions: (1) we establish a lower bound that shows any binary embedding oblivious to the set of points requires m = Ω( 1 δ logN) bits and a similar lower bound for non-oblivious embeddings into Hamming distance; (2) we propose a novel fast binary embedding algorithm with provably optimal bit complexity m = O ( 1 δ logN ) and near linear running time O(p log p) whenever logN ≪ δ√p, with a slightly worse running time for larger logN ; (3) we also provide an analytic result about embedding a general set of points K ⊆ S with even infinite size. Our theoretical findings are supported through experiments on both synthetic and real data sets.
Inverse problem for networks of laser interferometers

Estimation of the parameters of the gravitational-wave signal from a coalescing binary by a network of laser interferometers is considered. A generalization of the solution of the inverse problem found previously for the network of 3 detectors to the network of N detectors is given. Maximum likelihood and least squares estimators are applied to obtain the solution. Accuracy of the estimation of the parameters is assessed from the inverse of the Fisher information matrix. The results of the Monte Carlo simulations are reported. They show that addition of the fourth detector to the network markedly improves performance of the network.
Treatment intensity in child and adolescent mental health services and health care reform in Norway, 1998-2006.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess trends in treatment intensity in outpatient child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) in Norway from 1998 to 2006. During this period, Norway experienced substantial growth in available CAMHS resources. In 2002 hospital ownership was recentralized and health enterprises were established. METHODS A nonexperimental, interrupted time-series design was used to estimate trends adjusted for patient case mix and CAMHS size. From a panel of 37 CAMHS units, two subsamples were extracted. These patients (N=94,173) were aged 0-17 years and had participated in at least one treatment session with a therapist (direct consultation) during the year of observation. Direct and indirect consultations (appointments with cooperating services) were separately analyzed with multilevel regression analyses. RESULTS Patient-level factors were the main sources of variation in number of consultations. CAMHS unit size was positively associated with direct consultations in both subsamples. A trend of increased direct consultations was observed in one subsample. Comparing the period 2002-2006 with 1998-2001 revealed a positive shift in treatment intensity for both consultation types in both subsamples. Trends and shifts differed between patient groups according to the main reason for referral and gender. CONCLUSIONS The main health policy objective during the study period was increased access to mental health treatment. Both access and treatment intensity increased. The study was inconclusive about whether incentives related to CAMHS performance measurement caused treatment intensity to increase, specifically after the 2002 hospital ownership reform.
Laser Induced Changes of the Raman Spectra of Pristine and Poly(tert-Butyl Acrylate) Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes

Pristine and poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PTBA) functionalized carbon nanotubes are continuously exposed to 2.41 eV laser irradiation while collecting Raman spectra. The loss of the intensity of the radial breathing modes (RBMs) of small metallic PTBA functionalized nanotubes is less than that of pristine nanotubes. A reduction of the intensity of the G− band of pristine SWNTs occurs such that the overall shape of the G band evolves to resemble that of the PTBA functionalized sample. Complementing the measurement of the ratio of intensities of the D and G bands, the laser-induced spectral changes provide another way to determine the sidewall functionalization of carbon nanotubes. The laser-induced changes of the G and RBM bands are consistent with the greater sidewall reactivity of small metallic nanotubes toward functionalization with PTBA and reaction with photosensitized oxygen.
Collapse and revival of the monopole mode of a degenerate Bose gas in an isotropic harmonic trap

We study the monopole (breathing) mode of a finite temperature Bose-Einstein condensate in an isotropic harmonic trap recently developed by Lobser et al. [Nat. Phys. 11, 1009 (2015)]. We observe a nonexponential collapse of the amplitude of the condensate oscillation followed by a partial revival. This behavior is identified as being due to beating between two eigenmodes of the system, corresponding to in-phase and out-of-phase oscillations of the condensed and noncondensed fractions of the gas. We perform finite temperature simulations of the system dynamics using the Zaremba-Nikuni-Griffin methodology [J. Low Temp. Phys. 116, 277 (1999)], and find good agreement with the data, thus confirming the two mode description.
Factors Influencing Students’ Perceptions of Online Teamwork

The evolution of online teaching in higher education demands a change in the types of pedagogies used in those courses. An example of one of these important pedagogies includes online teamwork. Teamwork in this context is one in which the majority of the individual’s grade is dependent on the positive or negative group experiences. This study utilized the theoretical framework of social motivation and cohesion to identify the factors shaping students’ perceptions of teamwork in online college courses. In these courses, the pedagogical approach known as the Five Pillars of effective collaborative work was applied. An Online Teamwork Learning Survey was developed based on these principles and completed by 62 undergraduate students enrolled in semester-long online courses required in their early childhood education program of study. Using a comparison between pre–postsurveys and regression analysis, the results showed that although the students’ perceptions of teamwork did not significantly change, the factors influencing their responses during the posttest doubled in number. The results showed that through carefully designed virtual teamwork activities, students learned that essential team characteristics such as promotive interaction, individual accountability, and positive interdependence are an integral part of effective collaboration and strong predictors of teamwork perception.
Depth-distribution of deepwater species in Flemish Pass

The depth‐distribution of the main deep‐sea fish species in Divisions 3LMN of the NAFO Regulatory Area is analysed using data from a longline survey carried out between 708 and 3 028 m depths in 1996. The results indicate that the most commercially important deep-sea species, Greenland halibut and roughhead grenadier, were only distributed up to 2 000 m depth. Below this depth another deep-sea species, the armed grenadier, replaced Greenland halibut and roughhead grenadier. The species which showed the widest depth‐distribution were blue antimora, smalleyed rabbitfish and skates (700 m to about 3 000 m). Two species, the roughhead grenadier and the blue antimora, made up more than 60% of the catch in weight. Depth was the factor which most influenced the distribution of the species, affecting both yield and mean length of the catch. Mean length of the catch increased with depth in the majority of species. The yield of all species combined increased with depth between 700 and 1 500 m, where it reached a mean yield of 536 kg per 1 430 hooks. Below this depth the yield diminished.
Redressing the balance: quantifying net intercatchment groundwater flows

Abstract. Intercatchment groundwater flows (IGFs), defined as groundwater flows across topographic divides, can occur as regional groundwater flows that bypass headwater streams and only drain into the channel further downstream or directly to the sea. However, groundwater flows can also be diverted to adjacent river basins due to geological features (e.g., faults, dipping beds and highly permeable conduits). Even though intercatchment groundwater flows can be a significant part of the water balance, they are often not considered in hydrological studies. Yet, assuming this process to be negligible may introduce misrepresentation of the natural system in hydrological models, for example in regions with complex geological features. The presence of limestone formations in France and Belgium potentially further exacerbates the importance of intercatchment groundwater flows, and thus brings into question the validity of neglecting intercatchment groundwater flows in the Meuse basin. To isolate and quantify the potential relevance of net intercatchment groundwater flows in this study, we propose a three-step approach that relies on the comparison and analysis of (1) observed water balance data within the Budyko framework, (2) results from a suite of different conceptual hydrological models and (3) remote-sensing-based estimates of actual evaporation. The data of 58 catchments in the Meuse basin provide evidence of the likely presence of significant net intercatchment groundwater flows occurring mainly in small headwater catchments underlain by fractured aquifers. The data suggest that the relative importance of net intercatchment groundwater flows is reduced at the scale of the Meuse basin, as regional groundwater flows are mostly expected to be self-contained in large basins. The analysis further suggests that net intercatchment groundwater flow processes vary over the year and that at the scale of the headwaters, net intercatchment groundwater flows can make up a relatively large proportion of the water balance (on average 10 % of mean annual precipitation) and should be accounted for to prevent overestimating actual evaporation rates.
Intellectual Property Rights and Bilateral Intra-Industry Trade Flows: An Intuitive Framework

The intention of this paper is to provide "for the first time" a conceptual framework on how a level of IPRs is linked to bilateral intra-industry trade (IIT) flows. The proposed analysis of the relationship between IPRs and IIT of this paper is couched in a simple and intuitive framework that answers a positive question of how intellectual property rights (IPRs-) induced market expansion, and market power effects are related to the horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade flows. The proposed intuitive framework introduces a demand-side approach and a supply-side approach in explaining the link between IPRs and intra-industry trade (IIT) flows. The supply-side approach explores how a country’s IPRs affect its own exports (supply). In contrast, the demand-side approach examines the effect a country’s IPRs have on its own imports (demand). The presented conceptual framework of this paper provides intuitive evidence that in determining bilateral intra-industry trade (IIT) flows in a two-country world, the demand approach posits that bilateral trade flows may increase or decrease due to improvements in IPRs in the importing destination country, while the supply-side approach states that the bilateral trade flows may also increase or decrease due to strong (high) IPRs in the exporting country. Furthermore, the simultaneous effects of both supply and demand on bilateral intra-industry trade flows are simultaneously needed in explaining the effects of strengthening the level of the IPRs on bilateral intra-industry trade flows (IIT).
Modelado de interconexiones Single-Ended empleando técnicas de modelo sustituto y diseño de experimentos

En este trabajo se estudio una topologia punto-a-punto, compuesta por un buffer maestro, su paquete, dos lineas de transmision de longitudes L1 y L2 con una resistencia en serie en el PCB, y un buffer esclavo, donde la respuesta considerada para el sistema fue el tiempo de vuelo de las senales digitales provenientes de los buffers. Las simulaciones por lo general se realizaban con un simulador SPICE y modelaban la topologia en secciones. Para disminuir los recursos computacionales durante procesos de optimizacion, se obtuvieron modelos sustitutos a partir del diseno de experimentos, ya que no existe un modelo analitico del sistema completo. Para construir el modelo sustituto se realizaron experimentos de cribado. Los factores no controlables que tuvieron un efecto significativo en el tiempo de vuelo de la senal del buffer maestro fueron: la impedancia caracteristica (Zo) de las lineas de transmision del PCB y las condiciones de operacion de los dos buffers. Estos factores tambien fueron significativos para la senal procedente del buffer esclavo, asi como la Zo de las lineas de transmision del paquete. Se comparo el ajuste de disenos compuestos centrales rotables y face-centered con la consideracion de un error maximo del 15%. Los disenos face-centered fueron menos complejos y proporcionaron un menor ajuste del modelo, sin embargo, fueron menos poderosos en la extrapolacion de las predicciones. Los disenos rotables estuvieron limitados en el intervalo permitido para las longitudes L1 y L2. Mediante los modelos sustitutos desarrollados para las interconexiones se represento un bus sincrono, el Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), que requiere un analisis de tiempo para evaluar la longitud maxima permitida de las lineas de transmision. Un algoritmo Nelder-Mead con funcion de penalizacion anadida se utilizo para optimizar las longitudes L1 y L2 del modelo sustituto, lo que mantuvo los margenes de tiempo igual o mayores a cero. Las longitudes optimas se validaron utilizando simuladores SPICE.
Inversion methodology for determination of near-surface geology from seismic refraction amplitudes

Summary The amplitude of a seismic refraction event is determined by the properties of rocks through which the seismic waves travel, the amplitude of the shot and the offset at which the refraction is recorded. A surface-consistent, non-linear inversion scheme, which uses the Levenberg- Marquardt algorithm, has been developed which aims to extract near-surface rock properties from the measured refraction amplitudes. Perhaps the most important challenge to extracting a unique, geologically plausible solution is in determining initial values of control parameters which dictate how the solution is allowed to progress. If these control parameters are not tailored specifically to the problem in question, convergence to a solution can be very slow and even fail to get off the ground in some cases. Comparison between results obtained using default control parameters, compared to those obtained using control parameters specifically tailored to the problem, shows a reduction in the error between the true observations and the model-generated observations, while retaining fidelity in the solution. A reformulation of the problem significantly reduces the error but fidelity is apparently compromised. Comments are made on how to achieve an optimal middle ground.