Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HPLC WITH UV AND MASS SPECTROMETRIC DETECTION FOR QUANTIFYING TOTAL EZETIMIBE IN HUMAN PLASMA: VALIDATION AND APPLICATION IN PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY

In this article, two different methods were developed and compared for quantifying total Ezetimibe (EZM) in human plasma. The total EZM was quantified with liquid chromatography method, after liquid-liquid extraction; one with UV detection (LC-UV) and the other with mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS/MS). Chromatographic separation was achieved on Symmetry Shield C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µ) using an isocratic elution with mobile phase composition consisting of Acetonitrile and 1mM Ammonium acetate in the proportion of 60:40 (v/v). For the estimation of total EZM, the glucuronide form of EZM is hydrolyzed by using β-glucuronidase and extracted using t-butyl methyl ether from human plasma samples. 20 µL was loaded onto the system and eluent was monitored at 233 nm. Mass spectrometric data was acquired in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 30 - 500 ng/mL (LC-UV) and 1.02 - 303.07 ng/mL (LC-MS/MS) with correlation coefficients r 2 ≥ 0.997 and r 2 ≥ 0.999, respectively. The inter-day coefficients of variation (CVs) ranged from 6.51 to 9.56% (LC-UV) and 0.78 to 4.21% (LC-MS/MS) and that of intra-day ranged from 6.78 to 9.81% (LC-UV) and 0.86 to 4.76% (LC-MS/MS) at four different concentrations. The resulting method was successfully applied for the Pharmacokinetic study in healthy human subjects.
Calorimetric Techniques Applied to the Determination of Isosteric Heat of Desorption for Potato

Temperature had an influence on desorption isotherms of potato measured at six different temperatures (4, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 50°C). The parameters of the Oswin, Henderson, Halsey and GAB models, for isotherm representation, were identified. Water activity at any temperature could be calculated by means of only one equation using the GAB model, which gave the best fit to experimental data in all the range of water activity studied (0·4–0·9). Isosteric heats of water desorption of potato, were determined from the desorption isotherms following the Clausius–Clapeyron equation and from two thermal analysis techniques (DSC and TG). Similar results were obtained through the two methods, indicating that calorimetric techniques are adequate to obtain the isosteric heat of desorption of products with a high starch content. © 1997 SCI.
Adsorption of Molybdenum on Mesoporous Aluminum Oxides for Potential Application in Nuclear Medicine

Inorganic oxides with high surface area find versatile applications in fields ranging from catalysis to medicine. In this study, we have investigated the potential of two mesoporous aluminum oxides with high surface area, MSU-X and Al-TUD-1, as adsorption materials for 99Mo/99mTc generators utilized in nuclear medicine. For this purpose we have studied the molybdenum adsorption kinetics and isotherms of these materials and we have compared them with acid activated aluminum oxide (AA) that is conventionally applied in generators. The results reveal that MSU-X and Al-TUD-1 have much better adsorption performance than AA in terms of kinetics and maximum adsorption capacity. The best results have been obtained for Al-TUD-1 reaching maximum adsorption capacity of 112 mg g−1, more than two times the adsorption capacity of AA materials. Furthermore, 40–50% of 99mTc could be removed from all sorbents in a single elution with negligible loss of 99Mo. Aluminum breakthrough has been found to be higher than the accepted limit in all tested materials when high molybdenum concentrations have been used, indicating that the aluminum oxides may need to be specially pre-treated in order to prevent contamination of the 99mTc eluate.
Molecular Collisions and the Depolarization of Fluorescence in Gases

The polarization of fluorescence is expressed in general as the Laplace transform of a correlation function for molecular reorientation. In a dilute gas of linear molecules, the polarization is shown to be determined by the reorientation angle α through which the molecular angular momentum is rotated by collisions. This reorientation angle appears through a collision cross section proportional to sin2α, integrated over all collision impact parameters. The predicted density dependence of the polarization of total fluorescence is in good agreement with previous measurements of iodine fluorescence. If the fluorescence emission is also resolved into rotation—vibration lines, then polarization measurements allow detailed study of the reorientation by collisions which also produce specific changes in the rotational and vibrational quantum numbers.
Simple method for the preparation of composites based on PA6 and partially exfoliated graphite

In the present work, the preparation of composite systems based on polyamide 6 (PA6) and exfoliated graphite was attempted by applying a simple procedure, which consists of a preliminary dispersion/exfoliation of graphite in the monomer, namely, e-caprolactam (CL), and a subsequent polymerization of the above system. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated specific interactions between CL and graphite surface. The dispersion of graphite in the monomer and polymer was assessed by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, while mechanical tests allowed to evaluate the influence of graphite on the polymer properties.
Pentacene Thin Film Growth

Pentacene stands out as a model molecule among organic semiconductors due to its ability to form well-ordered films that show a high field effect mobility. We discuss the processes involved in pentacene film growth, emphasizing differences with respect to inorganic films. The influence of growth parameters such as the substrate nature and temperature, the deposition rate, and the kinetic energy of the molecular beam on the structure and morphology of pentacene films are discussed. Finally, we overview recent attempts to model pentacene film nucleation and growth, and draw attention to the role of dislocations.
Gas‐filled cavity structures and local void fraction distribution in aerated stirred vessel

The local structural function obtained by a microresistivity probe at different hydrodynamic regimes is examined. The structures, such as the vortex-clinging structure, the appearance of one and two large cavities, small 3-3 structure, large 3-3 structure, and ragged cavities were recognized by frequency transformation of the time-domain structural function. An optimized phase discrimination in signal processing was used. The distribution of the local void fraction (α) in a pilot-size stirred tank was experimentally investigated, because almost no such data can be found in the literature. The two-phase mixture was composed of air and water; α was measured at 190 nodes in the vertical half-section plane of the vessel. Relative differences smaller than 9% between integrated values of α and measured gas holdups agreed reasonably well under all conditions.
Genetic variation and phylogenetic analysis of Indonesian indigenous catfish (baung fish) based on mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene

Background and Aim: Baung fish is an essential commodity in Indonesia; however, few studies have explored the genetic diversity of Indonesian catfish. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships among Indonesian catfish based on the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. Materials and Methods: In total, 28 catfish were collected from nine rivers in seven provinces and from the Indian Ocean. Catfish genomes were obtained from epaxial and hepaxial muscle samples. The mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using a pair of primers (Baung12SF and Baung12SR). The 12S rRNA sequences were analyzed using MEGA X to determine genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships. Results: In total, 178 variation sites in the 12S rRNA gene were substituted among Indonesian catfish. The genetic distance between all Indonesian catfish samples was 0.1-16.0%. The closest genetic distance was between MP and PM catfish, whereas the farthest genetic distances were between BF and EM and PD and EM. For the entire population, based on mean diversity calculations, the number of base substitutions per site was 0.08. Conclusion: Indonesian catfish were divided into four clades based on the 12S rRNA gene. The catfish MP, KR, PM, MS, BB, and KS were grouped with Hemibagrus nemurus, the catfish EM was grouped with Mystus vittatus, the catfish BSBJ was grouped with Pangasius pangasius, and the catfish PD and BF were grouped with Netuma thalassina.
HER-2-based design of pertuzumab mimetic peptides

An in silico peptide design strategy is conducted in order to introduce a novel series of pertuzumab mimetic peptides, aimed to target the extracellular domain of HER-2 and prevent its signal transduction. A combination of alanine scanning and contact surface analysis is employed to assess the pertuzumab paratope, HER-2 epitope and their hot spots. Furthermore, the recognised residues are utilised to construct nine 10-mer peptides. Some of the peptides are modified pertuzumab paratope sequences, whereas the others are designed and modified as strongly binding complementary peptides for HER-2 epitope. Evaluation of the peptides is carried out through homology modelling, molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) and docking. It was revealed that all peptides mimic pertuzumab performance since they exhibit noticeable binding interaction energies, inhibitory efficiencies and number of hot spots. However, YNDSTHGERL with five hot spots and considerable interaction energy has the highest ability in interfering with HER-2-specific epitope. Inhibiting potency of this peptide is verified through MDSs.
First‐Principles Calculations for Niobium Atoms on a Sapphire Surface

The authors report first-principles, self-consistent calculations of the equilibrium structure, electron density, and total energy of a niobium monolayer on a sapphire (0001) surface. The calculations, which are based on the density functional theory in the local density approximation, use norm-conserving pseudopotentials and a basis of plane waves. They work with a slab which is three Al-O-Al layers in thickness and they assume that the surface Al atoms are replaced by Nb. All the atomic positions are relaxed to minimize the total energy. In contrast to the clean surface, on which the Al atoms relax inwards almost to the level of the surface oxygen, the Nb atoms relax only slightly inwards from the sites where the next Al atoms would list if the bulk structure were extended. The Nb atoms are partially ionized and there is strong directional bonding, due to the hybridization of d-orbitals on Nb with the oxygen p-orbitals. The work of adhesion is 13 eV per Nb atom.
Fundamental aspects of chlorine induced corrosion in power plants

Abstract Chlorine induced corrosion is the most important corrosion process in power plants, firing waste, coal and/or biomass. Depending on the process, chlorine is present as HCl gas, as solid KCl and NaCl in ashes or as eutectic melts i.e. KCl–ZnCl2 in deposits of waste fired boilers. In the presence of HCl gas and solid chlorides, ‘active oxidation’ is generally accepted as the major corrosion mechanism. Metal chlorides are formed by inward diffusion of chlorine to the metal/oxide interface, evaporating and subsequently oxidized to non-protective oxides and additional chlorine. In this mechanism, the role of alloying elements has not been fully understood until now. Hence, experiments were conducted on the influence of the alloying elements Mo, Ti, Si, Al on Fe–15Cr model alloys in an N2–5 vol.% O2 gas mixture with addition of 500 and 1500 vppm HCl with the use of thermogravimetric experiments at 600°C. The corrosive attack by ‘active oxidation’ strongly depends on the alloying elements. Fe–(15–25) wt% Cr alloys without any further addition of alloying elements show catastrophic ‘active oxidation’, characterized by the formation of metal chlorides at the metal–oxide interface. The addition of molybdenum, silicon and aluminium generally decreases the corrosive attack, whereas Ti has no beneficial effect and the corrosion is enhanced compared to Fe–15Cr. The presence of molten chlorides on heat exchanger tubes leads to catastrophic corrosion rates, even at relatively low temperatures of 250°C. Thick oxides scales of Fe2O3 are formed in contact with the gas phase. At the metal–oxide interface, a mixture of KCl–FeCl2 chloride phases are detected, probably molten at a reaction temperature of 400°C. Short term experiments on 2.25Cr–1Mo steel at 400°C in N2–5 vol.% O2–HCl gas mixtures covered with a eutectic KCl–ZnCl2 melt have shown that the metal is dissolved in the chloride melt at the melt/scale interface and precipitated as a thin layer of oxide at the melt/gas phase boundary. The kinetics of the corrosion strongly depends on gas phase composition i.e. p(HCl) and p(O2).
Health returns to cognitive capital

The association between education and health has long been discussed; but more recently the question of whether this association is accounted for by cognitive capital has received considerable attention, including in the British birth cohorts. Following work in the British 1970 cohort, we investigated childhood cognition in relation to six health outcomes in mid-life, linked to risk of cardiovascular disease in the British 1946 cohort. These outcomes were smoking, physical exercise, healthy dietary choice, obesity, hypertension and non insulin-dependent diabetes, at or by age 53 years. Childhood cognition was associated with all of these outcomes, although for all except exercise and healthy diet this was fully mediated by educational attainment and partially so by adult socio-economic attainment. Cognitive capital plays a role in the accumulation of risk for chronic physical disease in mid-life, but it is not a sufficient determinant of this risk and does not account for the association between education and health outcomes related to this risk.
Research & Development White Paper WHP 347

The world of sports intrinsically involves fast and accurate motion that is not only challenging for competitors to master but can be difficult for coaches and trainers to analyse, and for audiences to follow. The nature of most sports means that monitoring using sensors or other devices fixed to players or equipment is generally not possible. This provides a rich set of opportunities for the application of computer vision techniques to help the competitors, coaches and audience. This paper discusses a selection of current commercial applications that use computer vision for sports analysis, and highlights some of the topics that are currently being addressed in the research community. A summary of on-line datasets to support research in this area is included. This document
Synthesis and stability studies of conformationally locked 4-(diarylamino)aryl- and 4-(dialkylamino)phenyl-substituted second-order nonlinear optical polyene chromophores

A series of chromophores with high second-order nonlinearities has been synthesized; the chromphores consist of triarylamine or dialkylarylamine donors linked by a conformationally locked polyene bridge to a dicyanomethylidene acceptor. The use of bridges of this type, combined with the replacement of dialkylarylamine with triarylamine donors, leads to high thermal stability without adverse affects on the nonlinear optical properties of the chromophores.
Synthesis and characterization of whisker surface imprinted polymer and selective solid-phase extraction of trace Sr(II) from environment aqueous solution

AbstractA novel surface ion-imprinted polymer (S-IIP) has been synthesized by surface ion-imprinting concept in the presence of sodium trititanate whisker, Sr(II), chitosan and γ-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (KH-560) for selective solid-phase extraction of trace Sr(II) from environment aqueous solution. Characterizations of S-IIP were achieved by infrared spectra and surface area measurement. S-IIP was used in the sorption–desorption process; the effect of solution pH, sorbent amount, and flow rate on the extraction of Sr(II) ions from aqueous solutions was investigated. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm were also obtained in detail. The dynamical study showed it was well followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation in the adsorption process. Meanwhile, the equilibrium adsorption studies showed that it very good fit the Langmuir isotherm equation for the monolayer adsorption process, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 32.60 mg/g. Selectivity experiments showed that S-IIP had a higher sele.
The Impact of the City of Los Angeles Mayor’s Office of Gang Reduction and Youth Development (GRYD) Comprehensive Strategy on Crime in the City of Los Angeles

Abstract The City of Los Angeles Mayor’s Office of Gang Reduction and Youth Development (GRYD) program was conceived as a comprehensive response to gang violence. Unlike most comprehensive approaches, suppression was excluded from the primary model. Program services including community engagement, gang prevention and intervention services, and street-based violence interruption, were formally launched in late 2011. Strict geographic eligibility criteria mean that GRYD services were available in some Los Angeles communities and not others. Using the geographic structure of GRYD, we use a place-based difference-in-differences model to estimate the effect of GRYD services on both violent and property crime. The analyses suggest a reduction in violent crime of around 18% in areas exposed to GRYD Comprehensive Strategy services, including aggravated assault and robbery. Similar declines are not observed in property crimes including burglary and car theft. Comparison with evaluations of placed-based gang injunctions demonstrate that GRYD is able to achieve nearly one-half of the reductions in crime without a suppression focus.
The Building Block Approach to Unusual α-Amino Acid Derivatives and Peptides

The building block approach was identified as a useful alternative to the commonly used Bucherer−Berg method for the preparation of cyclic unusual α-amino acid derivatives. The symmetrical building blocks were prepared by dialkylation of ethyl isocyanoacetate under solid−liquid phase transfer catalysis conditions while the unsymmetrical building blocks were prepared by a stepwise alkylation of the O'Donnell Schiff base. Metathesis reactions, Suzuki couplings, and cycloaddition reactions were utilized to assemble the building blocks.
The Role of Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Protein Aquaporins in Water Transport through Roots: Diurnal and Drought Stress Responses Reveal Different Strategies between Isohydric and Anisohydric Cultivars of Grapevine

We report physiological and anatomical characteristics of water transport across roots grown in soil of two cultivars of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) differing in response to water stress (Grenache, isohydric; Chardonnay, anisohydric). Both cultivars have similar root hydraulic conductances (Lo; normalized to root dry weight) that change diurnally. There is a positive correlation between Lo and transpiration. Under water stress, both cultivars have reduced minimum daily Lo (predawn) attributed to the development of apoplastic barriers. Water-stressed and well-watered Chardonnay had the same diurnal change in amplitude of Lo, while water-stressed Grenache showed a reduction in daily amplitude compared with well-watered plants. Hydraulic conductivity of root cortex cells (Lpcell) doubles in Chardonnay but remains unchanged in Grenache. Of the two most highly expressed plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) aquaporins in roots (VvPIP1;1 and VvPIP2;2), only VvPIP2;2 functions as a water channel in Xenopus laevis oocytes. VvPIP1;1 interacts with VvPIP2;2 to induce 3-fold higher water permeability. These two aquaporins are colocated in the root from in situ hybridization and immunolocalization of VvPIP1 and VvPIP2 subfamily members. They occur in root tip, exodermis, root cortex (detected up to 30 mm), and stele. VvPIP2;2 mRNA does not change diurnally or with water stress, in contrast to VvPIP1;1, in which expression reflects the differences in Lo and Lpcell between cultivars in their responses to water stress and rewatering. VvPIP1;1 may regulate water transport across roots such that transpirational demand is matched by root water transport capacity. This occurs on a diurnal basis and in response to water stress that corresponds to the difference in drought tolerance between the cultivars.
Polymeric cyclodextrin-based nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and sorption properties of three selected pharmaceutically active ingredients

The reaction of three cyclodextrins, namely α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins, with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate yields water-insoluble polymers that in the case of the α- and β-derivatives self-assemble in aqueous and ethanolic solutions as polydisperse polymeric nanoparticles. The so-produced nanomaterials have been characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) nitrogen adsorption technique and ζ-potential measurements. The interactions of these nanoparticles with three selected pharmaceutically active ingredients (levofloxacin, aspirin and acetaminophen) have been studied in aqueous solution. It is demonstrated that in all cases the interactions of the studied drugs with the produced polymeric nanomaterials follow the well-established Freundlich model suggesting that the polymers act as heterogeneous sorbents in aqueous phase. It is demonstrated that the β-cyclodextrin-based polymer exhibits the highest sorption capacity for all three pharmaceuticals compared to the α- and γ-analogues, with a higher affinity for aspirin. The influence of the chemical structure of the guest molecule on the interactions of the produced nanoparticulate polymers is discussed.
THE IMPACTS OF DEFENSE, HEALTH AND EDUCATION EXPENDITURES ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN TURKEY1 TÜRKİYE’DE SAVUNMA, SAĞLIK VE EĞİTİM HARCAMALARININ EKONOMİK BÜYÜME

The controversial relationship between public expenditures and economic growth has become one of the famous matters of interest, especially following the Great Depression that began in the US in 1929. As well as other economic variables, an increase in the public expenditure of the countries is expected to have significant impacts on those countries’ economic growth performance. Therefore, an annual data set covering the period between the years 1981-2016 is used to determine the relationship of defense, health and education expenditures in the Turkish economy with economic growth. The Fourier unit root test results of the series indicate that economic growth and education expenditure series are stationary in the level, and defense and health expenditure series are stationary in the first difference. The estimation results of ARDL bound test, which is conducted to detect the longterm relationships, indicate that defense, health, and education expenditures are positively related to economic growth at the values of 0.33, 0.17 and 1.33, respectively. In other words, it is determined that economic growth be mostly affected by education expenditures followed by defense and health expenditures, respectively.