Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of a Mosquito’s Hatching Behavior to Match Its Human-Provided Habitat

A subspecies of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, has recently evolved to specialize in biting and living alongside humans. It prefers human odor over the odor of nonhuman animals and breeds in human-provided artificial containers rather than the forest tree holes of its ancestors. Here, we report one way this human specialist has adapted to the distinct ecology of human environments. While eggs of the ancestral subspecies rarely hatch in pure water, those of the derived human specialist do so readily. We trace this novel behavior to a shift in how eggs respond to dissolved oxygen, low levels of which may signal food abundance. Moreover, we show that while tree holes are consistently low in dissolved oxygen, artificial containers often have much higher levels. There is thus a concordance between the hatching behavior of each subspecies and the aquatic habitat it uses in the wild. We find this behavioral variation is heritable, with both maternal and zygotic effects. The zygotic effect depends on dissolved oxygen concentration (i.e., a genotype-environment interaction, or G×E), pointing to potential changes in oxygen-sensitive circuits. Together, our results suggest that a shift in hatching response contributed to the pernicious success of this human-specialist mosquito and illustrate how animals may rapidly adapt to human-driven changes in the environment.
The external housing environment of participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC): a resource for studies of influences on health

Background: Early life environmental health exposures related to housing can have a significant impact on an individual’s physical and mental health and physical development. Housing exposures can fall into two main areas – a representation of social circumstances and physical conditions. Methods: During pregnancy and post-delivery, self-completion questionnaires concerning the housing environment were administered to the ALSPAC (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents & Children) study mothers and their partners until the study offspring were aged 18. Data collected included types of housing, housing tenure, numbers of rooms in the home, whether shared or sole use of kitchen and indoor flushing toilet, household moves, Council Tax band, difficulties in affording rent/mortgage and becoming homeless. Here we also describe the historic development of housing in the Bristol and surrounding Avon areas. Results: Data collected included the tenure (e.g., owned/rented) of the home, its size (indexed by the number of rooms), the presence of over-crowding (measured by the number of residents per room), presence of amenities, and frequency of household moves. This information was collected on over 13,000 women during pregnancy >8000 at age 10 and >4000 at 18 years. Council Tax bands were asked at 10 and 18 years. Conclusions: This is the first of two Data Notes on the housing type and housing circumstances of the families enrolled in ALSPAC. The second Data Note will detail their internal housing conditions. The data provides an excellent resource for researchers when considering the influences of housing on physical and mental health and development.
A Review on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Recent Molecular Pathophysiology Advances

Abstract Inflammatory bowel diseases are considered immune disorders with a complex genetic architecture involving constantly changing endogenous and exogenous factors. The rapid evolution of genomic technologies and the emergence of newly discovered molecular actors are compelling the research community to reevaluate the knowledge and molecular processes. The human intestinal tract contains intestinal human microbiota consisting of commensal, pathogenic, and symbiotic strains leading to immune responses that can contribute and lead to both systemic and intestinal disorders including IBD. In this review, we attempted to highlight some updates of the new IBD features related to genomics, microbiota, new emerging therapies and some major established IBD risk factors.
Experimental Study on Size Effect and Fracture Properties of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete

In this experimental research, the effects of polypropylene fibers on size effect and fracture properties of lightweight aggregate concrete were studied. Two methods, including size effect method and work of fracture method, were used to investigate and analyze the size effect and fracture properties on different sizes of notched beams. The polypropylene fiber contents were 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% by volume fraction. The obtained results revealed that increasing the polypropylene fibers in lightweight aggregate concrete relatively decreased the dependence of strength on the size effect parameter, while the addition of polypropylene fibers exhibited significant influence on decreasing the size dependency of ductility and fracture energy in lightweight aggregate concrete. Moreover, the increase of polypropylene fibers improved the total fracture energy (GF), initial fracture energy (Gf), characteristic length (lch), length of fracture process zone (cf), and critical stress intensity factor (KIc) of lightweight aggregate concrete in both size effect method and work of fracture method. This increase was more significant in work of fracture method because of considering the post-peak behavior. The size effect method was suitable and accurate for plain lightweight aggregate concrete. The GF ⁄ Gf ratio increased from 2.88 in plain lightweight aggregate concrete to 12.26 in polypropylene fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete.
The architecture of innovation: how firms configure different types of complementarities in emerging ecosystems

ABSTRACT Ecosystems are one of the major trends today. They are based on complementarities, which can take the form of supermodularity or uniqueness and appear on both production and consumption side. Different configurations of complementarity lead to different characteristics of ecosystems with different implications. But which configuration of complementarities is beneficial in a given setting and what are the resulting consequences? We study emerging ecosystems driven by the respective orchestrator. Based on a multiple-case study, we show how and why orchestrators are leveraging different configurations of complementarities depending on, amongst others, competition on ecosystem or value proposition level and uncertainty and the resulting challenges for the orchestrator. These insights provide researchers with a better understanding of the basic mechanics of ecosystems and explain why certain types and structures of ecosystems are more likely to be seen in specific environments. For managers, it helps to sketch the development paths for own ecosystems.
The stellar kinematic signature of massive black hole binaries

The stalling radius of a merging massive binary black hole (BBH) is expected to be below 0.1 arcsec even in nearby galaxies, and thus BBHs are not expected to be spatially resolved in the near future. However, as we show below, a BBH may be detectable through the significantly anisotropic stellar velocity distribution it produces on scales five to 10 times larger than the binary separation. We calculate the velocity distribution of stable orbits near a BBH by solving the restricted three-body problem for a BBH embedded in a bulge potential. We present high-resolution maps of the projected velocity distribution moments, based on snapshots of ∼10 8 stable orbits. The kinematic signature of a BBH in the average velocity maps is a counter rotating torus of stars outside the BBH Hill spheres. The velocity dispersion maps reveal a dip in the inner region, and an excess of 20-40 per cent further out, compared to a single black hole of the same total mass. More pronounced signatures are seen in the third and fourth Gauss-Hermite velocity moments maps. The detection of these signatures may indicate the presence of a BBH currently, or at some earlier time, which depends on the rate of velocity phase-space mixing following the BBH merger.
Noncommutative AKNS systems and multisolitonsolutions to the matrix sine-gordon equation

The main result is a very general solution formula for the noncommutative AKNS system, extending work by Bauhardt and Poppe. As an application, we construct for the matrix sine-Gordon equation $N$-soliton solutions analogous to the multisoliton solutions for the KdV equation due to Goncharenko.
Comparison of multi-objective and single objective calibration for SWAT model: a case study on Musi river basin, India

ABSTRACT Calibration of hydrological models for watersheds is critical considering the hydrological processes involved. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is one such popular model and requires proper calibration, without which models have difficulty in proper simulation of runoff. The present study aims to utilize multi-objective calibration framework using Non-Dominated Genetic Algorithm- II (NSGA-II) and SWAT-Calibration Uncertainty Procedures (SWATCUP) for calibration. The study is conducted on Musi river basin located in India (10,000 Sq km) for seven years from 2013–2016. It includes an initial warm-up period of three years, the calibration period from 2015–2016, and validation period from 2014–2015. NSGA-II aims to optimize the multiple objective functions i.e. Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and Percentage Bias (PBias). The Monthly simulations results are expressed in terms of statistical parameters NSE, R2 and PBias for calibration and validation period. The results indicate satisfactory performance. Further, NSGA-II results are compared with SWATCUP (Sequential Uncertainty Fitting ver.2 (SUFI-2). We find NSGA-II performance is better than SWATCUP. The sensitive analysis indicates that CN2, GW_DELAY, GW_REVAP, ALPHA_BF, RCHRG_DP, and CH_K2 are very sensitive whereas SURLAG, ESCO, SLSUBBS, HRU_SLP are observed to be least sensitive.
The X-Ray Spectra of High Redshift Quasars

The X-ray spectra of high-redshift QSOs are examined here using data from the Imaging Proportional Counter on the Einstein Observatory. The objects are grouped into ensembles according to radio properties, redshift, and luminosity, and their mean spectral parameters are determined. A clear correlation is found between radio properties and the energy power law index alpha. Flat radio spectrum (FRS) QSOs have alpha of about 0.4, steep radio spectrum (SRS) QSOs have alpha of about 0.7, and radio-quiet QSOs have alpha of about 1-1.4. There is no evidence for a dependence of alpha on z or, for the FRS and SRS ensembles, on X-ray luminosity over nearly three decades. FRS QSOs with z between 2.0 and 3.5 have just as flat mean spectra as those with low z, implying that a single power law, which is flatter than the canonical one with alpha of about 0.65, continues into the 1-10 keV band. 35 refs.
to interface with complex systems that

Lightweight, head-mounted real-time displays that present holographic images for comfortable viewing may be the ideal solution. We describe an implementation of a liquid crystal television (LC'I'V) as a spatial light modulator (SLM) for the display of holograms. The implementation required the solution of a complex set of problems. These include field calculations, determination of the Lc'rv-SLM complex transmittance characteristics and a precise knowledge of the signal mapping between the LC'I'V and framegrabbing board that controls it. Realizing the hologram is further complicated by the coupling that occurs between the phase and amplitude in the LCTV transmittance. A single drive signal (a gray level signal from a frarnegrabber) determines both amplitude and phase. Since they are not independently controllable (as is true in the ideal SLM) one must deal with the problem of optimizing (in some sense) the hologram based on this constraint. Solutions for the above problems have been found. An algorithm has been for field calculations that uses an efficient outer product formulation. Juday's MEDOF 7 (Minimum Euclidean Distance Optimal Filter) algorithm used for originally for filter calculations has been successfully adapted to handle metrics appropriate for holography. This has solved the problem of optimizing the hologram to the constraints imposed by coupling. Two laboratory methods have been developed for determining an accurate mapping of framegrabber pixels to LCTV pixels. A friendly software system has been developed that integrates the hologram calculation and realization process using a simple set of instructions. The computer code and all the laboratory measurement techniques determining SLM
Third-Order Frequency-Resolved Photon Correlations from a Single Quantum Dot's Resonance Fluorescence

The ability to control the photon emission from light sources has sparked an increasing interest in the field of quantum optics due to potential applications in the development of quantum technologies. Motivated by such applications, photon statistics have been a powerful investigative tool used to characterize the properties of light sources capable of emitting a bundle of N photons. As such, the first-order and second-order photon correlations continue to be researched extensively providing invaluable information about the light and the mechanism underlying its generation. Meanwhile, third-order photon correlations have remained majorly unexplored due to the high degree of experimental challenges involving such measurements. This work presents experimental progress towards constructing the complete spectrally filtered three-photon spectrum of the resonance fluorescence generated from a single semiconductor quantum dot under strong monochromatic light excitation, and explores the effects imposed by the limited resolution of the filter bandwidth and environmental influences due to spectral diffusion. We investigated third-order auto-correlation measurements, in which photons were identically filtered, resulting in correlation maps that are functions of two relative time-delays. These measurements revealed accentuated nonclassical characteristics amongst the distinguishing features of the three-photon spectra following faithful agreement with theory. Additionally, we investigated third-order correlations where photons originate from opposite sidebands of the power spectrum. These three-photon crosscorrelation measurements resulted in correlation maps with “anti-bunching” features as a consequence of correlations arising from the same sideband, and “bunching ridges” due to opposite sideband correlated photons.
190. Understanding and utilizing genetic diversity in Dual-Purpose Blue: genome-wide association for type traits

Dual-Purpose Blue in Belgium and northern France is a local breed that is currently in the focus in order to understand its genetic distinctiveness and its use for local products. Its genomic evaluation systems are evolving, and its specific genetic distinctness was here studied for type traits. Results showed that throughout the 23 traits, there were two distinguishable genomic regions (BTA2 and BTA26) where BTA26 was associated with development traits and BTA2 was associated with muscularity traits, but also with associated traits as overall rump, udder depth, overall udder, and rear udder. Given these results future genomic evaluation systems should consider the segregating MSTN (myostatin), which is located on BTA2.
On the Parameter Identifiability and Test Data Informativeness in Finite Element Model Error Localization

Two fundamental questions that arise in finite element model updating and error localization problems are addressed. These are whether available test data are informative enough with respect to the quantification of possible model errors and whether sufficient identifiability of such errors is at hand for a given test data set. We advocate the use of informativeness and identifiability based indices in a preparatory process to increase the likelihood of a successful error localization. Based on model properties, such informativeness and identifiability indices may be used in the pre-test planning for the determination of frequency, time and spatial resolution to be used in a vibratory test. First, the test data informativeness with respect to model parameters which might be in error is quantified. Here a dual assumption is made such that if model parameter perturbations could be detected by data from the planned test, then the test data could be used to detect such perturbations, i.e, the test is informative. A Data Information Richness (DIR) index has been developed to assess the level of data informativeness with respect to model parameters. Secondly, the identifiability of the model parameters are studied. The dynamic properties of a structure, as recorded by a measurement system, may under certain conditions change similarly by changing one parameter or a set of other parameters. Should that be the case, there is no identifiability and before a meaningful error localization may take place, either complementary test data have to be added or a re-parameterization of the model has to be made. To assess the identifiability identifiability based criteria are further developed based on earlier work by the authors. A newly developed orthogonality/co-linearity index OCP assist in the re-parameterization of systems with low identifiability. The methods of preparatory error localisation are applied to a six-degree-of-freedom system in numerical example in which the analytical results of a finite element analysis are taken as substitute for measured data.
Fatigue Among Traffic Police Officers in Metropolitan City: Exploring Factors of Noise Exposure and Work Stressors

Introduction: Police work has been recognised worldwide as a very stressful job. Those especially in road traffic control department encounter an additional possible cause of fatigue which is noise exposure that rarely being explored. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among traffic police officers in Kuala Lumpur to assess their level of fatigue and its risk factors including noise exposure, work stressors and individual factors. A total of 171 traffic police officers in Kuala Lumpur participated in this study. A set of questionnaires on socio-demographics, work characteristics, perception regarding noise pollution, PSQ and CIS were distributed to 200 traffic police officers in Kuala Lumpur. Five locations with heavy traffic volume in Kuala Lumpur were selected for ambient noise measurement, three times a day during peak hour by SLM. Results: The mean age, job tenure and BMI of respondents was 30.49±7.12yo, 4.73±4.62 years and 24.83 respectively. Most of them were Malay (81.9%), married (60.8%), and secondary school graduated (84.8%). The traffic noise exposure levels ranged between 69.50 dB(A) to 82.80 dB(A) (mean = 76.77±4.39 dB(A). Almost 20% of respondents reported to have fatigue level that puts them at risk for subsequent work disability. After considering several potential factors, lower educational levels ( β =-3.67, p<0.01) and doing part time job ( β =0.16, p=0.03) was found significant in predicting more fatigue. Conclusion: In sum, findings provide baseline data on the main factors of fatigue among this young and normal weight police group which will help in prioritizing the intervention strategies.
Effect of adding phytase enzyme and formic acid to diets of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. on coefficient of digestibility and growth rates.

The study aimed to add phytase enzyme and formic acid at different percentages of control (0) and (1, 2, 3)% in the diets of common carp Cyprinus carpio L.to know their effect on the total digestibility coefficient and growth rates of fish. Common carp fish were used at weight rates of 230±1.53 g/fish, which were randomly distributed in (40×60×40) cm3 glass tanks equipped with aeration and air filtration system and in controlled laboratory conditions. The results showed significant differences (P≤0.05) between treatments and there was a decrease in the coefficient of digestion of protein, fat, carbohydrates and ash for the control treatment T1 compared to all experimental treatments and it amounted to (60.54, 70.39, 32.95, 51.84), respectively. The two treatments T2 and T3 excelled in the coefficient of protein digestion, reaching (85.22 and 86.63), respectively, while no significant differences were recorded between treatments T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7 in the coefficient of fat digestion, and the coefficient of carbohydrate digestion increased (71.43, 74.94, 67.23, respectively, and the ash digestibility factor (84.28, 89.63, 79.21), respectively, for each of the treatments T2, T3, T4. The T1 control treatment recorded the lowest results in weight gain rates of 46.71 g, daily growth rate of 0.57 g/day, relative growth rate of 19.36%, specific growth rate of 0.12 g/day, and food conversion efficiency of 21.19% compared to the experimental treatments, and T3 treatment significantly outperformed the rest of the treatments in daily growth rates. 1.73 g/day, and the relative growth rate and feed conversion efficiency were increased for T3 and T4 treatments. We conclude from this research that it is possible to use diets supplemented with phytase enzyme and formic acid with 1%, 2% and 3% acid as a source of animal protein in the diets of common carp without negative effects on digestion and growth rates.
Macroscopic consequences of demographic noise in non-equilibrium dynamical systems

For systems that are in equilibrium, fluctuations can be understood through interactions with external heat reservoirs. For this reason these fluctuations are known as thermal noise, and they usually become vanishingly small in the thermodynamic limit. However, many systems comprising interacting constituents studied by physicists in recent years are both far from equilibrium, and sufficiently small so that they must be considered finite. The finite number of constituents gives rise to an inherent demographic noise in the system, a source of fluctuations that is always present in the stochastic dynamics. This thesis investigates the role of stochastic fluctuations in the macroscopically observable dynamical behaviour of non-equilibrium, finite systems. To facilitate such a study, we construct microscopic models using an individual based modelling approach, allowing the explicit form of the demographic noise to be identified. In many physical systems and theoretical models, absorbing states are a defining feature. Once a system enters one, it cannot leave. We study the dynamics of a system with two symmetric absorbing states, finding that the amplitude of the multiplicative noise can induce a transition between two universal modes of domain coarsening as the system evolves to one of the absorbing states. In biological and ecological systems, cycles are a ubiquitously observed phenomenon, but are difficult to predict analytically from stochastic models. We examine a potential mechanism for cycling behaviour due to the flow of probability currents, induced by the athermal nature of the demographic noise, in a single patch population comprising two competing species. We find that such a current by itself cannot generate macroscopic cycles, but when combined with deterministic dynamics which constrain the system to a closed circular manifold, gives rise to global quasicycles in the population densities. Finally, we examine a spatially extended system comprising many such patch populations, exploring the emergence of synchronisation between the different cycles. By a stability analysis of the global synchronised state, we probe the relationship between the synchronicity of the metapopulation and the magnitude of the coupling between patches due to species migration. In all cases, we conclude that the nature of the demographic noise can play a pivotal role in the macroscopically observed dynamical behaviour of the system.