Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protective Effect of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch) Nannf on Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced Memory Deficit and Apoptotic Neuronal Cell Death in Rats

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common cause of stroke, and it occurs mainly in the striatum, thalamus, cerebellum, and pons. Codonopsis pilosula (Franch) Nannf (Dangshen) is the roots of a perennial herb, the same family as ginseng. It comprises a rich resource of neuroactive compounds, and they are potential signaling molecules. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the Codonopsis pilosula intrastriatal on hemorrhage-induced memory deficit and apoptotic neuronal cell death in rats. ICH in the striatum was induced by injection of collagenase using strereotaxic instrument. The rats in the Codonopsis pilosula treated groups received Codonopsis pilosula orally once a day for 14 consecutive days, starting one day after surgery. For this study, step-down avoidance task, radial 8-arm maze task, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, immunohistochemistry for caspase-3, Western blot for Bax and Bcl-2 were performed. The present results showed that cognitive incapacity by ICH was associated with the increase of apoptosis in the striatum. Codonopsis pilosula treatment alleviated the ICH-induced impairment of spatial learning ability and short-term memory by suppressing neuronal apoptosis in the striatum. Here in this study, we suggest that Codonopsis pilosula is effective for the recovery after ICH insult. (Korean J Str Res 2010;18:305∼314)
A randomized study of lapatinib alone or in combination with trastuzumab in heavily pretreated HER2+ metastatic breast cancer progressing on trastuzumab therapy

1015 Background: Lapatinib (L) is an oral, small-molecule inhibitor of EGFR and HER2 with a mechanism of action distinct from that of trastuzumab (T). Preclinical data suggest synergy between L and T. We studied L alone and in combination with T in pts with HER2+ MBC who progressed on T. Methods: Eligible women had received prior anthracycline and taxane therapy, had MBC with measurable lesions or bone-only disease, and had progressed on prior T-containing therapy. Pts were stratified by hormone receptor status and visceral/nonvisceral disease, then randomized to receive either L (1,500 mg QD) or L (1,000 mg QD) plus T (2 mg/kg weekly after 4 mg/kg loading dose). If pts progressed on the L arm, they could cross over to the L+T arm. The primary endpoint was PFS (investigator assessment), and secondary endpoints were clinical benefit rate (CBR) at 24 wks, RR, and OS. Results: 296 pts were randomized. All pts had received prior T; the median number of prior chemotherapy regimens was 6. Combination therapy si.
Female Genital Mutilation: Socio-Cultural Factors that Influence the Practice in Kassena-Nankana District, Ghana

Focus group discussions conducted in Ghanas Kassena-Nankana District elucidated some of the sociocultural factors that influence the practice of female genital mutilation. 77% of survey respondents in this area report having undergone this procedure which is viewed as a way of inculcating norms values and morals into adolescent girls before marriage and preventing social discord among women. The removal of the clitoris is believed to reduce or suppress the sex drive thereby reducing premarital sex and regulating female sexuality. Group discussions involved male and female teachers as well as randomly selected uneducated male and female adults. In addition in-depth interviews were conducted with two paramount chiefs one tindaana a lineage head an old woman and two providers of female genital mutilation. Recent legislation against female genital mutilation has changed peoples perceptions although in many rural areas it has merely driven the practice underground. Respondents noted that female genital mutilation is increasingly rejected by women in the area because of modernization and awareness of its link with obstructed labor and excessive bleeding during pregnancy. Efforts to eradicate female genital mutilation should be geared toward more focused community education campaigns aimed at both men and women and on increasing female school enrollment. Parents especially mothers should be educated about the serious health problems associated with this practice. If educated uncircumcised women are seen to be able to live in their communities without social ostracism or psychological problems they stand a greater chance of influencing community perceptions.
An analysis of myocardial deformation with speckle tracking echocardiography in black patients on haemodialysis

s presented Myocardial twist characteristics in an African chronic kidney disease population on haemodialysis before and after dialysis as measured by speckle tracking echocardiography Anthony Yip, Saraladevi Naicker, Ferande Peters, Elena Libhaber, Mduduzi Mashabane, Nirvarthi Maharaj, Sam Govender, Hiral Matioda, Mohammed Rafique Essop 1Division of Cardiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital and the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2Department of Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 3Division of Nephrology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Presented at the South African Heart Congress July 2012 and the South African Renal Congress August 2012 This abstract has been accepted and will be presented at the World Congress of Nephrology in Hong Kong on the 2 June 2013.
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts of Salsola stenoptera Wagenitz and Petrosimonia nigdeensis Aellen (Chenopodiaceae) plants

This study was conducted to examine the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of various extracts (ethanol, methanol, n-hexane, dicholoromethane and water) prepared from the stem and leaf+fruit of Salsola stenoptera Wagenitz and Petrosimonia nigdeensis Aellen (Chenopodiaceae) plants. The antimicrobial activities of the plant extracts were tested according to agar well diffusion and microdilution broth methods. The extracts showed a strong antimicrobial activity and a broad antimicrobial spectrum for all tested microorganisms. Minimal bactericidal (MBC) or fungicidal (MFC) concentrations for microorganisms which were sensitive to the stem and fruit+leaf extracts of S. stenoptera and P. nigdeensis in the agar well diffusion assay were in the range of 5.63-180.00 mg/mL and 11.25-180.00 mg/mL, respectively. The extracts were also subjected to screening for their possible antioxidant activity with scavenging activity of DPPH radicals, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and chelating ability on ferrous ions. All tested extracts showed varying degrees of efficacy in each assay in a dose-dependent manner. In general, polar extracts exhibited stronger activities than non-polar extracts. The ethanol and n-hexane extracts of S. stenoptera and P. nigdeensis stem showed the highest scavenging abilitiy on DPPH radicals with the IC50 values of 29.84 μg/mL and 83.56 μg/mL, respectively. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined. The highest gallic acid equivalents (GAE) and quercetin equivalents (QE) values, for both plants, were 44.78 μg GAE/mg and 66.69 μg QE/mg, respectively. The results indicate that both plant species may have health benefits as sources of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents for use in functional foods and/or in pharmaceutical industry.
Effect of Combination Soy Bean Oil and Oleic Acid to Characteristic, Penetration, Physical Stability of Nanostructure Lipid Carrier Resveratrol

Resveratrol is an antioxidant that can be used as anti-aging. Topical use has several problems because solubility in water is low and unstable to light. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the combination of soy bean oil and oleic acid liquid lipids on the characteristics, penetration, and stability of resveratrol nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were made with high shear homogeneous technique. To determine the characterization of NLC, diffraction scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transforms infrared spectrophotometry were used. Examination of the morphological form was carried out with a transmission electron microscope. The particle size and polydispersity index examination were measured by the Delsa Nano™ particle size analyzer, while the efficiency of trapping resveratrol in the NLC system was measured by the dialysis membrane method. Furthermore, the penetration depth test on the skin of mice was done by fluorescence microscope method using rhodamine B markers. Physical stability test was performed by examination of particle size and index polydispersity for 30 days. The formula with liquid soy bean oil and oleic acid liquid lipids improved the characteristics including the effectiveness of entrapment and colloidal stability. However, the formula with soy bean oil and oleic acid combination liquid lipids did not provide better penetration into the skin than the use of single liquid lipids. While the formula with soy bean oil and oleic acid liquid lipids proved to improve the physical stability for 30 days.
Essential Oil from Myrtle Leaves Growing in the Eastern Part of Saudi Arabia: Components, Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxic Activities

Abstract Nowadays, volatile oils are increasingly being used for their medicinal and curing properties. Myrtus communis, a native aromatic and medicinal plant in Saudi Arabia, has been used in folk medicines for many illness and diseases. In this study, the chemical composition of the essential oil of Myrtle leaves in Eastern province of Saudi Arabia was investigated. Gas chromatography analysis allowed the separation of 48 components from the leaves’ oil, however only 28 components were identified and quantified, representing 86.4 % of the separated oil components area percentage. The anti-inflammatory activity of the topically formulated oil was carried out using carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema method accompanied by the determination of Prostaglandin E2 in inflamed tissue. The plant oil in its topical formulation exhibited substantial reduction of the induced inflammation (42.1 %) as well as the prostaglandin E2 concentrations when compared to the control non-treated group; however, the anti-inflammatory action was less than that exerted by ibuprofen as a positive control. Cytotoxic activity was determined using MTT assay on HCT and T47D cell lines. Myrtle oil showed a dose dependent inhibitory effect on both cell lines’ proliferation; nevertheless, its effect on T47D cells was more pronounced. These findings suggested that Myrtle oil excreted anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects where could be used as a protective agent in complementary therapy.
Characterizing polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate reactions with wood. 1, High-resolution solution-state NMR spectroscopy

~ 338 ~ Yelle et al. Abstract Solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is a powerful tool for unambiguously determining the existence or absence of covalent bonds between wood components and adhesives. Finely ground wood cell-wall material dissolves in a solvent system containing dimethylsulfoxide-d6 and N-methyl– imidazole-d6, keeping wood component polymers intact and in a near-native state. Two-dimensional (2D) NMR experiments, using 13C-1H one-bond heteronuclear single-quantum coherence on non-derivatized cell-wall material from loblolly pine, reveal details about the major cell-wall polymer structures. This technique can detect new covalent bond formation between cell-wall polymers and wood adhesives. A monofunctional model of polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) and also neat pMDI were reacted without catalysts with loblolly pine matchsticks under moisture-controlled conditions to chemically modify the wood cell-wall polymers. The modified matchsticks were ball-milled, dissolved, and characterized via 2D NMR experiments. Results showed that high concentrations of the pMDI model reacted to form carbamate linkages with mannan and lignin sidechain units at 160°C. However, the pMDIreacted matchsticks showed no reactivity at 160°C, thus indicating that the mechanism of durable bond formation between wood and pMDI is not controlled by urethane formation. Introduction Covalent bonds between an adhesive and wood are believed to improve bond durability. Given that 1) aryl isocyanates are well known to readily react with alcohols to form carbamates (Saunders and Slocombe 1948), 2) wood contains a substantial amount of naturally hydroxylated polymers, and 3) isocyanates have been thought to infiltrate the cell wall (Marcinko et al. 1994), we postulated that the phenyl isocyanate-based adhesives were the most likely of the wood adhesives to form covalent bonds to the wood polymers, and thus selected them for our studies. Isocyanates undergo several competitive reactions. Polyurea is formed from the copolymerization reaction of the diisocyanate with water and leads to polymerization of the adhesive in the bondline. Wendler and Frazier (1996) found that when the wood is dry (moisture content < 5%), polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) reacts to form urethane and low molecular weight biuret structures. As the wood moisture increased (> 5%), they found that polyurea formation dominated, thus optimizing penetration into wood. Urethane (i.e., covalent bond) formation with wood polymer hydroxyls may provide a secondary “anchoring” mechanism within the cell wall at moisture contents > 5% (Wendler and Frazier 1996) (the molecular weight of the pMDI used in this reference was much higher than what is used in industry). The difficulties in distinguishing between urea, biuret, and urethane structures in wood-pMDI bondlines are Characterizing Polymeric Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate Reactions with Wood: 1. HighResolution Solution-State NMR Spectroscopy
A Visão dos Profissionais de Saúde em Relação à Violência Doméstica Contra Crianças e Adolescentes: um estudo qualitativo 1 Health Professionals' Views About Domestic Violence Against Children and Teenagers: a qualitative study

A violencia domestica e um dos temas mais dificeis de serem tratados pelos profissionais de saude. Buscou-se compreender, na pesquisa realizada, a experiencia dos profissionais de saude sobre a violencia domestica contra criancas e adolescentes, descrevendo a identificacao dos casos e a assistencia prestada as vitimas em Unidades Basicas de Saude. As tecnicas utilizadas foram observacao participante, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e grupos focais conduzidos em duas Unidades Basicas de Saude de Embu/SP, considerada uma das regioes mais violentas do pais. Dentre os resultados obtidos, os profissionais ressaltaram inumeras dificuldades para lidar com a questao da violencia, como o medo de se envolver com pessoas criminosas, a falta de resguardo nas unidades de saude e a falta de comprometimento dos familiares. Um dos motivos da dificuldade de denuncia seria a reproducao de padroes culturais da populacao em que se aceita a punicao fisica como uma pratica educativa. Alem disso, nao se sentiam responsaveis ou capacitados para lidar com o problema. Os profissionais do Embu, de certa forma, acabam por reproduzir os mesmos valores e atitudes da comunidade em relacao a violencia, mantendo-se coniventes com o silencio das familias, evitando o comprometimento com os casos e desacreditando nas instituicoes responsaveis pela protecao ao menor. Ficou evidente que o problema da violencia domestica contra criancas e adolescentes nao e de facil manejo. A assistencia oferecida as vitimas e restrita, principalmente pelas dificuldades dos profissionais em lidar com as caracteristicas socioculturais da populacao atendida e pelo pouco dialogo com as instituicoes responsaveis pelo encaminhamento dos casos. A abordagem, o encaminhamento e o tratamento de criancas e adolescentes vitimas de violencia fisica podem adquirir maior eficacia quando se estabelece essa aproximacao dos servicos de saude com o cotidiano vivido pela populacao.
VigiBase, the WHO Global ICSR Database System: Basic Facts

The main aim of the WHO International Drug Monitoring Programme, started in 1968, is to identify the earliest possible pharmacovigilance signals. The program now has more than 80 member countries from all parts of the world contributing individual case safety reports (ICSRs) to the WHO Global ICSR Database System, VigiBase. VigiBase is maintained and developed on behalf of WHO by the Uppsala Monitoring Centre (UMC), situated in Uppsala, Sweden. The database system includes the ICH E2B compatible ICSR database, the WHO Drug Dictionaries (WHO-DD and -DDE), and the medical terminologies WHO Adverse Reaction Terminology (WHO-ART), International Classification of Diseases (ICD), and the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). Apart from data management and quality assurance tools, the VigiBase system includes a web-based reporting tool, an automated signal detection process using advanced data mining, and search facilities, available to the member countries and, on request, to other stakeholders.
CARDIAC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT), CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM SCORING AND CARDIAC CT ANGIOGRAPHY

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE This Medical policy provides assistance in interpreting UnitedHealthcare benefit plans. When deciding coverage, the enrollee specific document must be referenced. The terms of an enrollee's document (e.g., Certificate of Coverage (COC) or Summary Plan Description (SPD)) may differ greatly. In the event of a conflict, the enrollee's specific benefit document supersedes this medical policy. All reviewers must first identify enrollee eligibility, any federal or state regulatory requirements and the plan benefit coverage prior to use of this Medical Policy. Other Policies and Coverage Determination Guidelines may apply. UnitedHealthcare reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to modify its Policies and Guidelines as necessary. This Medical Policy is provided for informational purposes. It does not constitute medical advice.
Computational methods for non-invasive cardiovascular image analysis

Non-invasive cardiovascular imaging has found significant utility for extraction of relevant quantitative descriptors of clinical importance for cardiovascular risk prediction and diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been the preferred modality for evaluation of left ventricular function and structure, whereas computed tomography (CT) has been used extensively for coronary artery calcification analysis. However, in clinical practice, the analysis of these images is performed manually, which is tedious, prone to human error and becomes prohibitive with the large amount of data being produced. This dissertation presents a novel multi-class multi-feature fuzzy connectedness method to segment objects with complex appearance and background. In addition, novel computational methods for automated segmentation of the left ventricle and detection of the coronary calcifications from the MRI and CT images, respectively, are presented. Since our results are comparable with those of human experts and demonstrate the possibility of fully automatic analysis of left ventricular functioning and coronary artery calcification, they pave the way for employing automated methods to analyze massive amounts of data from a population screening regimen.
A Qualitative Exploration of International Students' Experience of Counselling Services at

This phenomenological qualitative study aimed to forefront international students’ experiences of receiving counselling services in a university setting. Three international students, recruited from two universities in eastern Canada using criterion sampling, were interviewed. Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed for analysis. In this phenomenological qualitative study, withinand between-person analyses were conducted for three transcribed interviews, from which eight main themes emerged: (a) openness towards seeking counselling, (b) hesitancy towards seeking counselling, (c) helpful aspects of counselling, (d) hindering aspects of counselling, (e) positive aspects of therapeutic relationship, (f) hindrances to therapeutic relationship, (g) counsellor’s cultural awareness, and (h) counsellor’s limited cultural awareness. The themes can be understood, and are explicated along four dimensions: seeking counselling, perceptions of counselling effectiveness, therapeutic relationship, and culture in counselling. The results from this study provide insight into international students’ counselling needs, expectations, and experiences. Special attention is given to the perceived expression of in-session counsellor cultural awareness and discussed using the integrated etic-emic framework. Implications for counsellors and university counselling services, limitations of the study, and recommendations for future research are provided. Running head: INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS 8
ABTS+ Radical, Hydroxy Radical (OH), Nitric Oxide (NO), and Ferric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Effects of Ethanol Extracts from Four Seaweed Species for Noodles

4종의 식용 조류, 참김(Porphyra tenera), 미역(Undaria pinnatifida), 톳(Sargassum fusiforme), 잎파래(Enteromorpha linza)의 에탄올 추출물에 대해 ABTS+ 소거활성, 하이드록시 라디칼(OH), 산화질소(NO), 철 이온 환원력(FRAP)을 조사하였다. ABTS+ 소거활성은 Brand-Williams 등의 방법에 따랐다. 톳의 ABTS+ 소거활성은 8.0 mg/ml 일때 61.8%로 가장 높은 반면 잎파래는 동일 농도에서 35.7%로 가장 낮았다. 참 김과 미역은 ABTS+에 대해 유사한 활성 저해를 나타내었다. 하이드록시 라디칼의 저해활성은 톳 > 참김 > 미역 > 잎파래 순이었다. 산화질소는 8.0mg/ml 추출물일 때 톳 > 참김 > 미역 > 잎파래 순이었다. 3.5% 소금과 4종의 조류 추출물을 첨가한 밀가루 반죽을 국수틀에 뽑아낸 후 5분간 끓였을 때 전반적으로 4개의 산화제에 대해 활성저해가 저하되었다. 톳 8.0 mg/ml를 첨가한 국수의 경우 산화질소 활성저해는 27.2%였다. 미역 8.0 mg/ml을 첨가한 국수는 철 이온 환원력이 31.5%였다. 종합적으로 톳 추출물이 ABTS+, OH, NO, FRAP에 대해 활성저해가 가장 높았다. 본 연구 결과 자연적으로 분포하는 참김, 미역, 톳, 파래가 국수의 항산화력 증진에 도움을 준다고 사료되었다.
Mapping Microstructural Dynamics up to the Nanosecond of the Conjugated Polymer P3HT in the Solid State

We present a detailed microscopic study of the structure–dynamics relationship of both regioregular (RR) and regiorandom (RRa) poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) using synergistically different elastic, quasi-elastic, and inelastic neutron scattering techniques. The length scale and the time scale covered by the study is tens of angstroms and the femtosecond to nanosecond, respectively. Deuteration is employed to modulate the coherent and incoherent cross-sections of the materials, beyond a contrast variation purpose, allowing particularly access to both self-motions and collective dynamics of the materials. The neutron scattering measurements are underpinned by extensive quantitative numerical simulations using large-scale classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, as well as molecular and periodic first principles quantum chemical (QC) calculations. MD simulations reproduced well the main structural features and slow motions. Further, MD results shed light on differences in collective dynamics between Q-.