Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Price perception and electricity demand with nonlinear tariffs∗

Increasing block tariffs for electricity and water provide a subsidy for low users and a conservation incentive for high users. However, their effectiveness may depend on both how well consumers understand the nonlinear structure and how attentive they are to consumption. We develop a novel price elicitation instrument to recover these components of price perceptions and apply the instrument to an electricity tariff introduced in Kyrgyzstan in late 2014. We document considerable heterogeneity in understanding of the new price structure. The households with the best understanding of the tariff had the largest reduction in their electricity consumption. However, this effect was driven by those households who were inattentive to their own position on the price schedule. The results suggest that providing consumer-specific information about the effect of new nonlinear tariffs might enhance their political acceptability. ∗We are grateful for comments from Nick Ryan, Steve Puller, Casey Wichman, attendees of the SITE Workshop, UM/MSU/WMU Energy and Environment Day, the Heartland Workshop, AERE Annual Meeting, and the NBER EEE Spring Meeting, as well as seminar participants at Clemson University, ITAM, PUC-Chile, University of Calgary, University of Chicago Booth, University of Maryland, and the University of Michigan. We appreciate generous financial support from the University of Michigan Office of Research (UMOR), Weiser Center, and the Michigan Institute for Teaching and Research in Economics (MITRE). All errors are our own. †Centro de Investigación Económica, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México. Email: shaun.mcrae@itam.mx. ‡School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Michigan. Email: meeks@umich.edu.
Model of Hydrogen Deficient Nebulae in H II Regions at High Temperature

In current photoionization models, determination of the ionization structure of the nebulae is a crucial part of the calculations for non-uniform hydrogen density. We have been tried to compute temperature fluctuations of electron and electron density by changing hydrogen density by scale factor of 10 at high temperature of blackbody. We have studied the ionization structure of hydrogen and helium by means of cloudy C13.01 codes. We find a reasonable close agreement of the computed value. Moreover, the ionization structure of oxygen at ionization stages of, O I - O IV, in gaseous nebulae are studied by changing non uniform hydrogen density with power law. Our simulation also shows that how the change of this density affect temperature fluctuations, electron density and ionization structures of oxygen, helium and hydrogen with and without grains. The result also shows the impact of the forbidden lines of [O III] and [O II] to cool down the temperature of electron.
Grid Tied Photovoltaic Power System Incorporated With a PWM Modulated Single Phase Quasi Z Source

A hybrid pulse width modulated single-phase quasi-Zsource inverter (qZSI) based grid connected Photovoltaic (PV) power system is proposed. The hybrid pulse width modulation (HPWM) conducts Pulse width modulation when the required AC output voltage is lower than the DC source voltage, otherwise it performs pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) for the single-phase qZSI. The low-frequency ripple voltage of dc link is utilized, resulting in reduction of quasi-Z-source inductance and capacitance, and power devices switching actions. A gridconnected current controller, combining with the plug-in monotonous control and proportional-resonant regulator, is employed to attain strong harmonic suppression, fast convergence, and nil tacking error.
Changes in the storm climate in the North Atlantic/European region as simulated by GCM time-slice experiments at high resolution

The differences in sea level pressure, 500 hPa high frequency variability and high wind speed statistics in the North Atlantic / European region between a 30 year present-day and a 30 year scenario time slice experiment with increased concentrations of greenhouse gases are investigated for the ECHAM4 atmospheric GCM in T106 horizontal resolution. The results are compared to the underlying transient simulation with a coupled ocean-atmosphere model in T42 resolution. The T106 present-day simulation shows a stronger high frequency variability in the middle troposphere than the corresponding T42 simulation. In spite of this and despite its higher resolution and shorter time step the extreme near surface wind speeds in the T106 resolution are comparable to those in T42 resolution. In the time slice scenario simulation as well as in the corresponding part of the transient simulation the Atlantic storm activity is generally shifted east and northwards relative to the present-day simulation. The associated extreme surface winds are somewhat enhanced over Northern Europe in the scenario run. A consistent change is seen in sea level pressure with general decreases of high latitude pressure and increased mean westerlies to the north of approximately 50°N. The 30 year scenario minus present-day changes of sea level pressure and storm track are found to be statistically significant at the 1% level. Furthermore, the main features of the changes of sea level pressure can not be explained by multi-decadal internal climate variability in the North Atlantic region. It is therefore concluded that these changes are due to the imposed greenhouse gas forcing. _______________________
CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO SPECIES OF SPILOSTETHUS ( INSECTA : LYAGEIDAE ) AND PHYLOGENETIC RECONSTRUCTION USING 16 S RIBOSOMAL RNA GENE FRAGMENT

Molecular characterisation of two species of Spilostethus viz. S.hospes (Fab.) and S.pandurus (Scop.) based on the 16S rRNA sequence was carried out to differentiate the taxa which are otherwise morphologically identical at the nymphal stages. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The primers used for amplification were forward LR-J-13017: 5'-TTA CGC TGT TAT CCT AA-3' and reverse LR-N-13398: 5'-CAC CTG TTT AAC AAA AAC AT-3'. The sequencing was carried out in a ABI PRISM 3730XL Analyzer. The 16S rRNA sequence of S. hospes and S.pandurus differed in the total number of base pairs as well as in the percentage G+C and A+T content. However, a sequence similarity of 97.86 % was recorded. The nucleotide paired frequencies among the two species showed 274 identical pairs. The ratio of the transitional to transversional pairs was 1.5. The sequence similarity search among other lygaeid bugs was done using BlastN and nucleotide sequences were aligned using the ClustalW option of MEGA5 software. Analysis of the maximum likelihood of 24 different nucleotide substitution patterns, indicated that the GTR+G had the least BIC and AIC scores and therefore considered the best model for the present data set. The phylogenetic tree constructed indicated the two species of Spilostethus to share a most recent common ancestor and are clustered at 70%. This clade is a sister group to Lygaeus equestris and Oncopeltus fasciatus, both being members of subfamily Lygaeinae. Species of the subfamily Rhyparochrominae, Dieuches sp and Laryngodus sp, have been positioned distantly.
Transpulmonary cardiac output in dogs 3 Comparison of cardiac output measurements using transpulmonary thermodilution and 4 conventional thermodilution techniques in anaesthetized dogs with fluid overload 5

17 Objective To evaluate the agreement between cardiac output (CO) values obtained using a 18 transpulmonary thermodilution technique (TPTDCO) and conventional thermodilution 19 technique (TDCO) in anaesthetized dogs with fluid overload. 20 Study design Prospective experimental study. 21 Animals Six healthy Beagle dogs aged 7–8 years. 22 Methods Dogs were anaesthetized with sevoflurane in oxygen, and catheters were inserted for 23 TPTDCO and TDCO measurement. After instrumentation, baseline CO was measured using 24 each technique at a central venous pressure (CVP) of 3–7 mmHg. Dogs were subsequently 25 administered lactated Ringer’s solution and 6% hydroxyethyl starch to induce fluid overload. 26 CO measurements were obtained using each technique at CVP values of 8–12 mmHg, 27 13–17 mmHg, 18–22 mmHg and 23–27 mmHg. Agreements between CO measurements 28 obtained with the respective techniques were analysed using Dunnett’s test, Pearson’s 29 correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman analysis. 30 Results Thirty pairs of CO values were obtained, ranging from 1.45 L minute to 31 4.69 L minute for TPTDCO and from 1.30 L minute to 4.61 L minute for TDCO. 32 TPTDCO and TDCO values correlated strongly (r = 0.915, p < 0.001). The bias and mean 33 relative bias between TPTDCO and TDCO were 0.26 ± 0.30 L minute (limits of agreement 34 − 0.29 to 0.81 L minute) and 9.7%, respectively. 35 Conclusions and clinical relevance TPTDCO and TDCO measurements obtained in 36 anaesthetized dogs during fluid overload exhibited good agreement. Accordingly, 37 transpulmonary thermodilution provides an accurate measurement of CO in dogs with fluid 38 overload. 39
In-Silico Analysis of Structural and Functional Aspects of Salt Responsive Protein of SKP-1 Like Protein 1A

Abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and productivity. By modulating the amount and activity of regulatory proteins, ubiquitination plays a central role in regulating the transcriptional changes required for adaption to abiotic stresses. S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1) is a component of a Skp1-Cullin1-F-box (SCF) complex that facilitates ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation in stress-related signaling and response mechanism. The present study has been carried out to predict the structure and function of a salt responsive protein of SKP1-like protein1A. The uncharacterized protein analyzed in the present study showed conserved domain characteristics of sequence resembles S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1) family. The protein exhibited a maximum number of random coils (30.72%)) with alpha helix (63.86%) and extended strands (5.42%)) as secondary structural elements. Three-Dimensional modeling was carried out to elucidate its structure and its active sites. These results aid to the experimental data and help to built up a complete view of SKP1-like protein1A role in plant stress response.
Managing a Smart City Integrated Model through Smart Program Management

Context. A Smart city is intended as a city able to offer advanced integrated services, based on information and communication technology (ICT) technologies and intelligent (smart) use of urban infrastructures for improving the quality of life of its citizens. This goal is pursued by numerous cities worldwide, through smart projects that should contribute to the realization of an integrated vision capable of harmonizing the technologies used and the services developed in various application domains on which a Smart city operates. However, the current scenario is quite different. The projects carried out are independent of each other, often redundant in the services provided, unable to fully exploit the available technologies and reuse the results already obtained in previous projects. Each project is more like a silo than a brick that contributes to the creation of an integrated vision. Therefore, reference models and managerial practices are needed to bring together the efforts in progress towards a shared, integrated, and intelligent vision of a Smart city. Objective. Given these premises, the goal of this research work is to propose a Smart City Integrated Model together with a Smart Program Management approach for managing the interdependencies between project, strategy, and execution, and investigate the potential benefits that derive from using them. Method. Starting from a Smart city worldwide analysis, the Italian scenario was selected, and we carried out a retrospective analysis on a set of 378 projects belonging to nine different Italian Smart cities. Each project was evaluated according to three different perspectives: application domain transversality, technological depth, and interdependences. Results. The results obtained show that the current scenario is far from being considered “smart” and motivates the adoption of a Smart integrated model and Smart program management in the context of a Smart city. Conclusions. The development of a Smart city requires the use of Smart program management, which may significantly improve the level of integration between the application domain transversality and technological depth.
Appraisal of Process Mapping in Heavy Engineering Projects: A Case of Nigeria East-West Coastal Highway

The need to improve project delivery process is one of the leading advocacies of relevant construction industry reports. Improved process is sine qua non for improve performance. Critical to the improvement process, is the need to assess construction process’ capability to meet design and production requirements. The present study examined process mapping of a cable-stayed bridge in the Nigeria’s east-west coastal highway project. Qualitative data was collected through a three phase process mapping protocol using mainly self-generate, one-on-one interview and focus group. Twenty non-related sub-processes were identified from four pre-construction stages: investigation; feasibility; design; and tender. Integrative definition (IDEFO) and Unified Language Modelling (UML) are used to map the feasibility, design and the design sub-processes. The mapping indicates the design sequence is iterative and factually flexible until such a point where functional design satisfies appropriate forcing test. The study provides medium for communicating complex construction functions thereby facilitating common understanding in the way projects are delivered with appropriate information about inputs, output and resources.
Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing

 Define evidence based practice.  Correlate the origins of evidence-based practice (EBP) as initiated by Florence Nightingale with contemporary EBP.  Explain how EBP is used to improve nursing practice and patient outcomes in contemporary practice.  Explain how nursing research is essential to EBP in nursing.  Critique nursing research articles found in the healthcare literature.  Explain how a research proposal is presented to the IRB.  Describe how research is implemented, evaluated, and communicated.  Explain how to reduce/eliminate barriers to EBP and nursing research.  Summarize ways to implement EBP.
STABILITY OF N-BI-JORDAN HOMOMORPHISMS ON BANACH ALGEBRAS

In this paper, we investigate the stability, in the sense of HyersUlam-Rassias, of n-bi-Jordan homomorphisms on Banach algebras. Also we show that to each approximate bi-Jordan homomorphism φ from a Banach algebra into a semisimple commutative Banach algebra there corresponds a unique bi-ring homomorphism near to φ.
EGG WEIGHTS, EGG COMPONENT WEIGHTS, AND LAYING GAPS IN GREAT TITS (PARUS MAJOR) IN RELATION TO AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

Abstract We collected 328 freshly laid Great Tit (Parus major) eggs from 38 clutches in 1999 to determine the relationship of whole egg weight, wet yolk weight, wet albumen weight, dry shell weight, and the occurrence of laying gaps with mean ambient temperature in the three days preceding laying, while controlling for laying date and position in the laying sequence. We also reanalyzed existing data on whole egg weight in 1978 and 1979 in relation to temperature, controlling for the same other variables. Egg weight was correlated with temperature in 1978 and 1979, but not in 1999. None of the egg components was related to temperature preceding laying, apart from a nonsignificant tendency for albumen weights to be lower at higher temperature. Egg weight increased with laying date in 1978 and 1979 after controlling for other variables. In 1999, albumen and shell weight increased seasonally, but shell weight only did so to the extent expected on the basis of the seasonal increase in whole egg weight. Yolk weight did not increase significantly seasonally, but neither did yolk weight relative to whole egg weight decrease significantly. Whole egg weight and the weights of all components varied between clutches. Most weights also varied through the laying sequence. The probability of a laying gap occurring varied between clutches, and increased with position in the laying sequence and decreased with temperature and laying date. Eggs preceding laying gaps were lighter and contained less albumen but had higher shell weights than other eggs. Eggs following laying gaps also had heavier shells relative to the size of the egg than other eggs.
Blood cells classification by image color and intensity features clustering

A new approach for cells detection and classification on blood smear images is considered. Benefit of 4-connected over 8-connected component labeling for cell detection is shown. Color and intensity histogram clustering are proposed to extract common features for cells classification. A new approach for k-means initial centroids detection proposed. The algorithms effectiveness was tested and estimated for some blood smear images. The algorithm examples, figures and result table to illustrate the approach are presented.
THE MÄORI IDENTITY MIGRATION MODEL Identity threats and opportunities for Mäori youth

Numerous theories have been put forward to describe diverse expressions of Mäori youth identity. However, these theories often fail to fully capture the fl uidity of Mäori youth identity, and tend to overlook motivations Mäori youth might have for occupying particular identity positions. This paper draws together Mäori and Western psychological identity literature to map some of the common identity spaces that Mäori youth occupy in 21st century Aotearoa. Mäori students at a lowdecile, urban, State secondary school were interviewed, along with their family members, and the Push–Pull factors (Identity Threats and Identity Opportunities) that motivate migrations between identity spaces were identifi ed using thematic analysis. Extracted themes include Contextual factors (Identity Affi rmation, Membership Defi nitions) and Individual/Group factors (Identity Aspirations, Identity Mobility). The Mäori identity migration model put forward in this paper accommodates the dynamic and diverse nature of urban Mäori youth identities, and allows for the analysis of the resources and threats available to urban Mäori youth who occupy different identity spaces.
GENETIC DIVERSITY IN LENTIL LANDRACES REVEALED BY DIVERSITY ARRAY TECHNOLOGY (DArT)

Lentil is annual, autogamous and diploid (2n = 2x= 14) food legume with ~4 Gbp genome in size. Turkey is well known for its species richness with “diversity hot spots” for different legumes including lentil. In previous studies, various DNA markers were utilized but genetic diversity of lentil landraces have not yet been clarified. For this reason, present study aimed to identify genetic diversity of 94 Turkish lentil landraces utilizing 16,383 SNPs based on DArT technology. Results from “fastSTRUCTURE” analysis indicated that the unweighted pair group analysis with the arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram including a heat map and also principal component analysis (PCoA) showed that Turkish lentil landraces were classified into five main groups in current study, indicating the existence of a large genetic variation among landraces. Highest genetic variation was between geno34 and geno76 (0.9126) while the lowest genetic variation was between geno7 and geno1 (0.0104) and the average genetic variation among 94 lentil landraces was 0.63. The data obtained from current study can be utilized to increase genetic diversity of cultivated species and establish suitable conservation and breeding strategies of lentil.
Preventive zinc supplementation in developing countries

Background: Zinc deficiency is commonly prevalent in children in developing countries and plays a role in decreased immunity and increased risk of infection. Preventive zinc supplementation in healthy children can reduce mortality due to common causes like diarrhea, pneumonia and malaria. The main objective was to determine all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality and morbidity in children under five in developing countries for preventive zinc supplementation. Data sources/ review methods: A literature search was carried out on PubMed, the Cochrane Library and the WHO regional databases to identify RCTs on zinc supplementation for greater than 3 months in children less than 5 years of age in developing countries and its effect on mortality was analyzed. Results: The effect of preventive zinc supplementation on mortality was given in eight trials, while cause specific mortality data was given in five of these eight trials. Zinc supplementation alone was associated with a statistically insignificant 9% (RR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.01) reduction in all cause mortality in the intervention group as compared to controls using a random effect model. The impact on diarrhea-specific mortality of zinc alone was a non-significant 18% reduction (RR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.64, 1.05) and 15% for pneumonia-specific mortality (RR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.65, 1.11). The incidence of diarrhea showed a 13% reduction with preventive zinc supplementation (RR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.94) and a 19% reduction in pneumonia morbidity (RR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.90). Keeping in mind the direction of effect of zinc supplementation in reducing diarrhea and pneumonia related morbidity and mortality; we considered all the outcomes for selection of effectiveness estimate for inclusion in the LiST model. After application of the CHERG rules with consideration to quality of evidence and rule # 6, we used the most conservative estimates as a surrogate for mortality. We, therefore, conclude that zinc supplementation in children is associated with a reduction in diarrhea mortality of 13% and pneumonia mortality of 15% for inclusion in the LiST tool. Preventive zinc supplementation had no effect on malaria specific mortality (RR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.06) or incidence of malaria (RR=0.92; 95 % CI 0.82-1.04) Conclusion: Zinc supplementation results in reductions in diarrhea and pneumonia mortality.
Interviewers’ Gender and Interview Topic in Oral Exams

Nowadays, language schools tend to include more of oral exams as part of their course completion assessment instruments in addition to traditional written exams. The major purpose of this study was accordingly to investigate the relationship between interviewers' gender, interview topic and oral performance. Thirty female upper-intermediate students were selected. All the participants were interviewed twice, once by a female and once by a male interviewer and each time they were required to talk about two topics, one gender-neutral and another gender-biased. All the performances were scored twice with an inter-rater reliability of +. 88 and +. 89 for two interviews respectively. A comparative analysis of the interview scores indicated that students achieved higher scores when interviewed by a female interviewer. With respect to interview topic, students performed better on gender-neutral topic.