Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Geological Hazards with InSAR

In recent years, the number of geological disasters in Sichuan province has significantly increased due to the influence of earthquakes and extreme climate, as well as the disturbance to the geological environment by human activities. In the paper, the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology was introduced to monitor potential geological hazards in different elevation intervals, taking parts of Dujiangyan City, Wenchuan County, and Mao County in Sichuan Province, China as examples. Firstly, the data such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and precision orbit determination (POD) precise orbit ephemerides from 2018 to 2020, high-resolution optical satellite images and digital elevation model (DEM) were collected. Secondly, the differential InSAR (D-InSAR), persistent scatterer InSAR (PS-InSAR), small baseline subset InSAR (SBAS-InSAR), offset-tracking, and distributed scatterer InSAR (DS-InSAR) algorithms were used to invert the surface deformation of the study area. Finally, the remote sensing interpretation methods were comprehensively combined with the InSAR deformation anomaly monitoring results to monitor the potential geological hazards.
No . 4816 Endogenous Wage Indexation and Aggregate Shocks

Empirical and institutional evidence finds considerable time variation in the degree of wage indexation to past inflation, a finding that is at odds with the assumption of constant indexation parameters in most New-Keynesian DSGE models. We build a DSGE model with endogenous wage indexation in which utility maximizing workers select a wage indexation rule in response to aggregate shocks and monetary policy. We show that workers index wages to past inflation when output fluctuations are primarily explained by technology and permanent inflation-target shocks, whereas they index to trend inflation when aggregate demand shocks dominate output fluctuations. The model’s equilibrium wage setting can explain the time variation in wage indexation found in post-WWII U.S. data. JEL-Code: E240, E320, E580.
Apnea Detection in a Contactless Multisensor System using Deep Learning Algorithm

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an ordinary breathing disorder, causing a temporary blockage of the upper airway during sleep. It usually stops breathing for 10 seconds or longer and the apnea episodes may regularly happen from 5 to 100 times an hour. The severity criteria can be assessed by Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) or Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) in three main categories: mild (515 events an hour), moderate (15-30 events an hour), and severe (more than 30 events an hour) [1]. The signs include loud snoring, restless sleep, or daytime sleepiness. If it remains untreated, OSA can lead to many possible serious health complications, such as depression, mood disorders, and heart disease. It can also bring about drowsiness with the uprising risk of accidents while driving and working.
M ay 2 01 8 Non-homogeneous persistent random walks and averaged environment for the Lévy-Lorentz gas

We consider transport properties for a non-homogeneous persistent random walk, that may be viewed as a mean-field version of the Lévy-Lorentz gas, namely a 1-d model characterized by a fat polynomial tail of the distribution of scatterers’ distance, with parameter α. By varying the value of α we have a transition from normal transport to superdiffusion, which we characterize by appropriate continuum limits.
Effect of Tb/Gd Substitution on Crystal Structure and Exchange Interactions of Gd_{1 - x}Tb_{x}Ni_3 Intermetallic Compounds

In the paper an in uence of Tb/Gd substitution on crystal structure and exchange interactions of Gd1−xTbxNi3 (x = 0.0, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0) polycrystalline compounds have been studied. The crystal structure of all samples was checked at the room temperature by means of X-ray di raction. Exchange integrals of R R (JRR), T T (JTT) and R T (JRT) atoms were evaluated from M(T ) magnetization curves (2 300 K, 2 T) based on the mean eld theory calculation. As it was shown the samples examined are single phase and crystallize in the PuNi3 (space group R-3m) type of crystal structure. The Tb/Gd substitution causes the decrease of lattice parameters as well as the volume of the unit cell. With increase of the x parameter the magnetic moment of Tb atoms increases from 6.94 μB (x = 0.5) to 8.12 μB (x = 1). The M(T ) dependence of the examined compounds depends almost 8 times stronger on exchange interactions within the R R site than the interactions between the two antiferromagnetically coupled magnetic sublattices R T.
The Impacts of Uncertainty Avoidance and Masculinity on Income Smoothing

In this research, the impacts of cultural components on income smoothing are studied. The cultural dimensions are selected based on the Hofstede Model and include uncertainty avoidance and masculinity. The income smoothing is measured using the IKAL model as well as income-to-sale variations coefficient at the net income and operational income levels. The statistical population of this study consists of the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange and the statistical samples include 87 companies which are selected through the Systematic Elimination Method. The linear regression and the F test are applied as statistical methods. The confidence level is considered as 95% and research period is considered 2009-2011. The study findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between uncertainty avoidance and masculinity indicators with income smoothing at the net income and operational income levels. Also, this relationship is direct and positive and the relationship intensity of the cultural components with income-to-sale variations coefficient at the net income level is slightly higher than the operational income level. Moreover, in larger companies more income smoothing was observed and their employees emphasized on keeping rules unchanged and their consistency. Moreover, in larger companies, there was more loyalty to goals and interests of companies, however in smaller companies, whenever there was a conflict between the interests of company and society, the society’s interests were considered. Besides, in smaller companies, the rate of masculinity and gender-based distribution of tasks is more than large companies.
Cadmium Tolerance and Accumulation in a Halophyte Salicornia europaea as a New Candidate for Phytoremediation of Saline Soils

The ability of a halophyte Salicornia europaea to accumulate cadmium (Cd) in the shoots was examined in laboratory conditions. Aseptically growing seedlings were transferred at 7 days after sowing onto a sterilized nutrient medium solidified with 0.2% Gellan Gum, and cultivated for 21 days in a growth chamber. In the presence of 0.3 M NaCl in the medium, the growth of the shoots was not influenced by the addition of Cd to the medium at the concentrations up to 0.8 mM. At the addition of 0.2 and 0.8 mM CdCl 2, the amount of Cd in the plant shoots was 2.2 ± 0.1 and 7.2 ± 0.8 μmol Cd g -1 dry weight, respectively. The more NaCl in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 M was added to the culture medium, the significantly less amount of Cd per g dry weight was accumulated in the shoots, though the total amount of Cd accumulated in a plant shoot was not affected except at 0.4 M NaCl addition. If the plants were grown for 5 weeks on a sterilized saline soil instead of the nutrient medium, they accumulated Cd in the shoots at the concentration of roughly half of those in the shoots cultured on the nutrient medium when compared at the same doses. We propose here that S. europaea is a new candidate plant species for using in effective phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated saline soils.
An Analysis of the Physical Characteristics of the Summer Low Atmosphere in the Gobi Desert Adjacent to Bosten Lake, Xinjiang, China

A month-long field observation campaign was conducted, which covered approximately 100 km2 of the Gobi Desert area on the southeast bank of Bosten Lake during the summer of 2016. The purpose of the study was to examine the physical characteristics of the low atmosphere over land-lake nonuniform underlying surfaces in the Gobi Desert of northwestern China. The results of the statistical analysis showed that, during the observational period, the average daytime surface horizontal thermal gradient reached up to −0.2°C/km from the lakeshore to southern Gobi Desert area. The near-surface wind field of the 7 km horizontal extent from the lakeshore was dominated by onshore breezes with average peak wind speeds above 5 m/s. In the atmospheric near-surface layer, an isohumidity layer at a height between 10 and 50 m a.g. l. was observed from 11:00 to 18:00 LST. Also, a case study for the atmospheric boundary layer and local circulation analyses was conducted. The onshore breezes were found to play a major role in the vertical structure of the local atmospheric boundary layer. The numerical simulation results indicated that there was an alternating day-night local circulation in the Bosten Lake area.
The Misalignment of Interest between Shareholders and the Board of Directors

This thesis investigates whether a misalignment of interest between shareholders and the board of directors relates to a higher likelihood of a change in governance in a firm. By using noncooperation as a construct to measure this misalignment through comparing the board’s voting recommendations with the shareholders’ voting results, this paper first looks at the potential causes for this misalignment, and finally at the potential effect of it on director turnover as a proxy for a change in governance. The findings depict that a higher board independency is not related to a higher likelihood of non-cooperation, implying that a more independent board is not necessarily a better steward for its shareholders, contrary to previously written literature. Furthermore, non-cooperation is positively related to a higher likelihood of director turnover, suggesting that a misalignment of interest has real effects regarding the likelihood of a change in governance of a firm. This paper adds to the existing body of literature by using a novel approach in exposing a misalignment of interest between the board and the shareholders, and relating this to potential changes in governance.
Implementation of a Low- Cost Multi- IMU by Using Information Form of a Steady State Kalman Filter

In this paper, a homogenous multi-sensor fusion method is used to estimate the true angular rate and acceleration with a combination of four low cost (< 10$) MEMS Inertial Measurement Units (IMU). An information form of steady state Kalman filter is designed to fuse the output of four low accuracy sensors to reduce the noise effect by the square root of the number of sensors. A hardware is implemented to test the method with three types of experiments: static test, constant rate, and oscillating test. Results of static test for z-axis show that ARW coefficient reduces to 0.0022°/√s and VRW error is decreased by %50. Also, dynamic test results show the reduction of the standard deviation of combined rate signal up to six times compared with a single sensor. A comparison between the proposed filter and the simple averaging method is made in which the results indicate that the Kalman filter is more accurate compared to the averaging method. Review History: Received: 16 October 2016 Accepted: 27 August 2017 Available Online: 17 September 2017
Household decision-making in agricultural labour household: a case study of West Bengal

This paper focuses on theoretical issues of gender related to household decision making and examines its empirical validity on agricultural labour households in the context of a particular region of West Bengal. The study suggests that a woman‟s choice and rationality differ significantly from a man‟s. The loci of patriarchal power determines how, where, when and who make the choice. Unlike unitary household model, collective household model, in which a household consists of individuals each of whom is characterized by particular preference, and among whom a collective decision making takes place, seems to be more general. Further, a large unexplained component of intra-occupational wage difference between man and woman is likely to indicate gender discrimination in the intra occupational labour market in which both men and women of a household participate.
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On the use of sensitivity tests in seismic tomography

Sensitivity analysis with synthetic models is widely used in seismic tomography as a means for assessing the spatial resolution of solutions produced by, in most cases, linear or iterative nonlinear inversion schemes. The most common type of synthetic reconstruction test is the so-called checkerboard resolution test in which the synthetic model comprises an alternating pattern of higher and lower wave speed (or some other seismic property such as attenuation) in 2-D or 3-D. Although originally introduced for application to large inverse problems for which formal resolution and covariance could not be computed, these tests have achieved popularity, even when resolution and covariance can be computed, by virtue of being simple to implement and providing rapid and intuitive insight into the reliability of the recovered model. However, checkerboard tests have a number of potential drawbacks, including (1) only providing indirect evidence of quantitative measures of reliability such as resolution and uncertainty, (2) giving a potentially misleading impression of the range of scale-lengths that can be resolved, and (3) not giving a true picture of the structural distortion or smearing that can be caused by the data coverage. The widespread use of synthetic reconstruction tests in seismic tomography is likely to continue for some time yet, so it is important to implement best practice where possible. The goal of this paper is to develop the underlying theory and carry out a series of numerical experiments in order to establish best practice and identify some common pitfalls. Based on our findings, we recommend (1) the use of a discrete spike test involving a sparse distribution of spikes, rather than the use of the conventional tightly spaced checkerboard; (2) using data coverage (e.g. ray-path geometry) inherited from the model constrained by the observations (i.e. the same forward operator or matrix), rather than the data coverage obtained by solving the forward problem through the synthetic model; (3) carrying out multiple tests using structures of different scale length; (4) taking special care with regard to what can be inferred when using synthetic structures that closely mimic what has been recovered in the observation-based model; (5) investigating the range of structural wavelengths that can be recovered using realistic levels of imposed data noise; and (6) where feasible, assessing the influence of model parametrization error, which arises from making a choice as to how structure is to be represented. Â© The Authors 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society.
hst optical polarimetry of the vela pulsar and nebula

Polarisation measurements of pulsars offer an unique insight into the geometry of the emission regions in the neutron star magnetosphere. Therefore, they provide observational constraints on the different models proposed for the pulsar emission mechanisms. Optical polarisation data of the Vela pulsar was obtained from the {\em Hubble Space Telescope} ({\em HST}) archive. The data, obtained in two filters (F606W; central wavelength = 590.70 nm, and F550M; central wavelength = 558.15 nm), consists of a series of observations of the pulsar taken with the {\em HST}/Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) and covers a time span of 5 days. This data have been used to carry out the first high-spatial resolution and multi-epoch study of the polarisation of the pulsar. We produced polarisation vector maps of the region surrounding the pulsar and measured the degree of linear polarisation (P.D.) and the position angle (P.A.) of the pulsar's integrated pulse beam. %This yielded We obtained $\rm P.D. =8.1\%\pm0.7\%$ and $\rm P.A. =146.3\degr\pm2.4\degr$, averaged over the time span covered by these observations. These results not only confirm those originally obtained by \citeauthor{Wagner00} and \citeauthor{Mignani07}, both using the Very Large Telescope (VLT), but are of greater precision. Furthermore, we confirm that the P.A. of the pulsar polarisation vector is aligned with the direction of the pulsar proper-motion. The pulsar wind nebula (PWN) is undetected in polarised light as is the case in unpolarised light, down to a flux limit of 26.8 magnitudes arcsec$^{-2}$.
The Medicine-society Relationship in the Debate on Human Enhancement

The unprecedented development in the fields of biomedicine and the diffusion of sophisticated technologies has led to a rethinking of medical practice. In particular, human enhancement makes this re-examination urgent because in general it refers to enhancing healthy human beings with medical means to improve their abilities and traits. In other words, through human enhancement there is an application of medical knowledge and technologies to issues that are not originally thought as medical ones: medicine is not simply used to overcome biological pathologies, but to actually improve human capacities. Nevertheless, it would be wrong to exclusively explore this aspect within the conversation about the proper aims of medical practice, neglecting the purposes of society. Indeed, medicine does not exist in isolation and it must be in dialogue with the society it serves. If that is true, what kind of relationship can be established between the proper aims of medicine and the purposes of society? Is there any order of priority? Should medicine be constantly redefined on the basis of social needs/desires? To discuss these issues, the paper will be developed in three stages: first, by focusing on the therapy/enhancement distinction and its limitations; second, by referring to the ends/goals of medicine distinction proposed by Edmund D. Pellegrino; third, by analysing the latter distinction as regards the debate on human enhancement.
The Impact of Water Supply Variability on Treaty Cooperation between International Bilateral River Basin Riparian States

This paper assesses the impact of water supply variability on treaty cooperation between international bilateral river basin riparian states. Climate change is anticipated to change the variability of water supply, as well as its expected magnitude. Previous studies have focused mainly on water scarcity, measured in terms of mean precipitation or per capita water availability in the country, as a trigger for conflict or cooperation. The water variability measure used here captures both annual runoff variability and precipitation variability over periods of 30 and 100 years. The analysis used economic and international relations data to identify incentives for international cooperation in addressing water supply variability. The authors find that small-to-moderate increases in variability create an impetus for cooperation, although large increases in variability would reduce incentives for treaty cooperation. Stronger diplomatic and trade relations support cooperation, while uneven economic power inhibits cooperation. Various measures of democracy/governance suggest different impacts on cooperation across the basin riparians. The findings have policy implications in the context of preparedness for impacts of climate change on the water sector.
Checking presence of excess volatility in forecasting volatility of a set of market indexes through an empirical comparison of three GARCH models

12.00 Classical financial theory is based on Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). Several researchers like ‘Schiller (1981) (1990), Le Roy and Porter (1980) have extensively argued for the invalidity of EMH. Volatility excess has been detected and highlighted by many researchers; however it has not been explained very well by EMH. For this reason, we conducted an empirical study to identify the variable characteristics of volatility by comparing three GARCH models (GARCH, E-GARCH and GRJ-GARCH) over five different market indexes to examine prediction of returns volatility. This comparison led us to detect several volatility characteristics like volatility clustering and leverage effect. This change in volatility regime is an irrefutable proof of the presence of volatility excess. Given the inability of classical financial theory in explaining volatility excess, researchers started to focus on behavioural finance (Barret and Saphister (1996)). Normal 0 21 false false false FR X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tableau Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
THE EATING HABITS OF MILKY WAY-MASS HALOS: DESTROYED DWARF SATELLITES AND THE METALLICITY DISTRIBUTION OF ACCRETED STARS

We study the mass spectrum of destroyed dwarfs that contribute to the accreted stellar mass of Milky Way (MW)-mass (Mvir ∼ 1012.1 M⊙) halos using a suite of 45 zoom-in dissipationless simulations. Empirical models are employed to relate (peak) subhalo mass to dwarf stellar mass, and we use constraints from z = 0 observations and hydrodynamical simulations to estimate the metallicity distribution of the accreted stellar material. The dominant contributors to the accreted stellar mass are relatively massive dwarfs with Mstar ∼ 108–1010M⊙. Halos with more quiescent accretion histories tend to have lower mass progenitors (108–109 M⊙), and lower overall accreted stellar masses. Ultra-faint mass (Mstar < 105 M⊙) dwarfs contribute a negligible amount (≪1%) to the accreted stellar mass and, despite having low average metallicities, supply a small fraction (∼2%–5%) of the very metal-poor stars with [Fe/H] < −2. Dwarfs with masses 105 < Mstar/M⊙ < 108 provide a substantial amount of the very metal-poor stellar material (∼40%–80%), and even relatively metal-rich dwarfs with Mstar > 108 M⊙ can contribute a considerable fraction (∼20%–60%) of metal-poor stars if their metallicity distributions have significant metal-poor tails. Finally, we find that the generic assumption of a quiescent assembly history for the MW halo seems to be in tension with the mass spectrum of its surviving dwarfs. We suggest that the MW could be a “transient fossil”; a quiescent halo with a recent accretion event(s) that disguises the preceding formation history of the halo.
The Effect of Wealth and Earned Income on the Decision to Retire: A Dynamic Probit Examination of Retirement

This paper estimates the propensity to retire and the persistence of remaining retired once the decision to retire has been made in the US labour market, using a dynamic panel probit model. The estimated income effect of higher housing wealth is virtually zero and that of financial assets wealth is positive, increasing the retirement probability. The substitution effect of earned income is negative, thus decreasing the retirement probability. The retirement decision is strongly state persistent for up to three years after the initial retirement decision and the state persistence of retirement is reinforced by wealth and earned income.