Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytic wave model of Stark deceleration dynamics

Stark deceleration relies on time-dependent inhomogeneous electric fields which repetitively exert a decelerating force on polar molecules. Fourier analysis reveals that such fields, generated by an array of field stages, consist of a superposition of partial waves with well-defined phase velocities. Molecules whose velocities come close to the phase velocity of a given wave get a ride from that wave. For a square-wave temporal dependence of the Stark field, the phase velocities of the waves are found to be odd-fraction multiples of a fundamental phase velocity $\ensuremath{\lambda}∕\ensuremath{\tau}$, with $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ and $\ensuremath{\tau}$ the spatial and temporal periods of the field. Here we study explicitly the dynamics due to any of the waves as well as due to their mutual perturbations. We first solve the equations of motion for the case of single-wave interactions and exploit their isomorphism with those for the biased pendulum. Next we analyze the perturbations of the single-wave dynamics by other waves and find that these have no net effect on the phase stability of the acceleration or deceleration process. Finally, we find that a packet of molecules can also ride a wave which results from an interference of adjacent waves. In this case, small phase stability areas form around phase velocities that are even-fraction multiples of the fundamental velocity. A detailed comparison with classical trajectory simulations and with experiment demonstrates that the analytic ``wave model'' encompasses all the longitudinal physics encountered in a Stark decelerator.
The Straw that Breaks the Camel's Back: Do Shocks Moderate the Relationship between Attitudinal Variables and Turnover?

TENBRINK, ALLISON N. , M.S., December 2012, Psychology The Straw that Breaks the Camel's Back: Do Shocks Moderate the Relationship between Attitudinal Variables and Turnover? Director of Thesis: Rodger W. Griffeth The current study was designed to test the relatively new conceptualization provided by Lee and Mitchell (1994)’s unfolding model of voluntary turnover. The unfolding model introduces a novel construct to the turnover literature known as a “shock to the system”. Shocks are theorized to be distinguishable events that lead individuals to re-evaluate their current condition within their organization. The Turnover Events Shocks Scale (TESS) is a measure of negative workplace events. It was hypothesized that such events will moderate the relationship between satisfaction and turnover as well as commitment and turnover, such that the negative relationships will be stronger when an event(s) is present. Results partially support the hypotheses with shocks serving as a marginally significant moderator to satisfaction-turnover relationship. However, nonsignificant results were revealed for organizational commitment.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRECEDING CLAUSE TYPE , SUBSEQUENT CLAUSE LENGTH AND THE DURATION OF SILENT AND FILLED PAUSES AT CLAUSE BOUNDARIES IN JAPANESE MONOLOGUES

Filled pauses (FPs) are claimed to occur when speakers have some difficulties and need extra time in speech production. This study investigated whether the following two factors affect silent pause (SP) and FP durations at clause boundaries, using a spontaneous speech corpus: 1) boundary strength and 2) subsequent clause length. First, whether SP and FP durations increase with syntactic boundary strength was examined. Second, whether subsequent clause length affects SP and FP durations at the boundaries was investigated. Results show SP duration increased with boundary strength and subsequent clause length, but FP duration did not, suggesting only SP duration is affected by the two factors.
Electrical measurements of femtosecond laser treated graphene

Jyrki Manninen Electrical measurements of femtosecond laser treated graphene Master’s thesis Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, 63 pages The main goal of this thesis was to fabricate graphene devices suitable for electrical measurements and research femtosecond laser induced functionalization of the devices. The research required synthesis of graphene by chemical vapor deposition at high temperature and fabrication of device geometry and electrical measurements of pristine and laser treated graphene. The synthesis was done on catalytic copper thin films from liquid ethanol added by bubbling and gaseous methane as carbon sources and it was found that the gaseous methane provides more repeatable concentration of carbon during the synthesis. It was also found that the steel based loading system caused damage to the catalytic surface and a quartz based system resulted in more consistent growth platform for the graphene. The post-synthesis processing of the graphene was done by a process with metal thin films between patterning resits and graphene to avoid adding resists residues on the graphene. The method developed in the thesis was able to provide a reliable method to produce measurable graphene devices. The electrical measurements of the graphene were done for pristine samples in ambient atmosphere, N2, different humidities and lower temperatures. The gated measurements provided information about the density of states limited conductance and charging effects on the graphene by atmospheric molecules and charge traps. The femtosecond functionalization of graphene was done in N2 and ambient atmosphere. In ambient atmosphere the treatment resulted in oxidized graphene and it was possible to induce the oxidization gradually by repeated treatment steps towards a fully insulating state whilst preserving the structural continuity of the graphene device. The oxidization is only done to features in contact with the ambient atmosphere and it was found out that for example folds can be used to mask graphene from the oxidization. In N2 atmosphere the treatment resulted in n-type doping, amount of which depends on the power of the treatment. The n-type doping resulted in a high counter charging or screening in ambient atmosphere and also was slowly countered by charge traps in the substrate. The n-type doping by femtosecond laser was also used to pattern an unevenly doped diffusive graphene channel. Femtosecond laser induced treatment offers multiple ways to engineer graphene based electronics.
Reliability, reproducibility and validity of dynamic cerebral autoregulation in a large cohort with transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke

Objective: Cerebral autoregulation (CA) is critical to maintenance of cerebral perfusion but its relevance to the risk of stroke and dementia has been under-studied due to small study sizes and a lack of consensus as to the optimal method of measurement. We determined the reliability and reproducibility of multiple CA indices and the effect of intensive data-processing in a large population with transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke. Approach: Consecutive, consenting patients in the population-based Oxford Vascular Study (OXVASC) Phenotyped cohort underwent up to 10-min supine continuous blood pressure monitoring (Finometer) with bilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) transcranial ultrasound (DWL-Dopplerbox). Un-processed waveforms (Un-A) were median-filtered, systematically reviewed, artefacts corrected and their quality blindly graded (optimal (A) to worst (E)). CA metrics were derived in time-domain (autoregulatory index (ARI), Pearson’s Mx, Sx, Dx) and in very-low (VLF) and low-frequency (LF) domains (WPS-SI: wavelet phase synchronisation, transfer function analysis), stratified by recording quality. Reliability and reproducibility (Cronbach’s alpha) were determined comparing MCA sides and the first vs. second 5-min of monitoring. Main results: In 453 patients, following manual data-cleaning, there was good reliability of indices when comparing MCA sides (Mx: 0.77; WPS-SI-VLF: 0.85; WPS-SI-LF 0.84), or repeated five minute epochs (Mx: 0.57; WPS-SI-VLF: 0.69; WPS-SI-LF 0.90), with persistently good reliability between sides even in lower quality Groups (Group D: Mx: 0.79; WPS-SI-VLF: 0.92; WPS-SI-LF: 0.91). Reliability was greatest for Pearson’s Mx and wavelet synchronisation index, with reasonable reliability of transfer function analyses, but ARI was prone to occasional, potentially defective, extreme estimates (left vs right MCA: 0.68). Significance: Resting-state measures of CA were valid, reproducible and robust to moderate noise, but require careful data-processing. Mx and wavelet synchronisation index were the most reliable indices for determining the prognostic value of CA in large epidemiological cohorts and its potential as a treatment target.
Ultra-narrow multi-band polarization-insensitive plasmonic perfect absorber for sensing

We theoretically propose a simple ultra-narrow multi-band perfect absorber for sensing applications. The perfect absorber consists of periodically arranged metallic nanodisks etched with regular prismatic holes standing on the dielectric-metal bi-layer films. Multiple ultra-narrow perfect absorption bands are obtained in the near-infrared region with the maximum bandwidth less than 21 nm and the intensity as high as 99.86%. The ultra-narrow multi-band perfect absorption originates from the synergy of localized surface plasmons, propagating surface plasmons and lattice resonances. The perfect absorber also presents other significant advantages, e.g. polarization insensitivity and high sensitivity of surrounding environments. Moreover, the prominent sensing performance for detecting the trace amounts of glucose in water is demonstrated. These features make it a promising candidate with great potential in the fields of perfect absorbers, plasmonic sensors, filters and multiplexing binding bio-molecular detection.
eview eroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in the Iranian general opulation : A systematic review and meta-analysis

Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most common protozoan parasites with widespread distribution globally. It is the causative agent of Toxoplasma infection, which is prevalent in human and other warm-blooded vertebrates. While T. gondii infection in healthy people is usually asymptomatic, it can lead to serious pathological effects in congenital cases and immunodeficient patients. We sought to identify the seroprevalence rate of Toxoplasma infection in the Iranian general population to develop a comprehensive description of the disease condition in Iran for future use. Electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus) and Persian language databases (Magiran, Scientific Information Database [SID], Iran Medex, and Iran Doc) were searched. Furthermore, graduate student dissertations and proceedings of national parasitology congresses were searched manually. Our search resulted in a total of 35 reports published from 1978 to 2012.These include 22 published articles, 1 unpublished study, 8 proceedings from the Iranian conference of parasitology, and 4 graduate student dissertations, resulting in 52,294 individuals and 23,385 IgG seropositive cases. The random errors method was used for this meta-analysis. The result shows that the overall seroprevalence rate of toxoplasmos is among the general population in Iran was 39.3% (95% CI = 33.0%–45.7%). There was no significant difference in the seroprevalence rate between male and female patients. A significant linear trend of increasing overall prevalence by age was noted (P < 0.0001). In addition, the data indicates that there are high seroprevalence in groups who have direct contact with cats, consume uncooked meat and raw fruits or vegetables, in farmers and Housewife, individuals who have a low level of education, and live in rural areas. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of T. gondii infection seroprevalence in Iran, which shows a high prevalence of Toxoplasma infection (more than one third). We highly recommend further study for the purposes of aiding patient management and developing more efficient diagnostic tests and effective prevention approaches. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Black hole feeding and feedback: the physics inside the "subgrid"

Black holes (BHs) are believed to be a key ingredient of galaxy formation. However, the galaxy-BH interplay is challenging to study due to the large dynamical range and complex physics involved. As a consequence, hydrodynamical cosmological simulations normally adopt sub-grid models to track the unresolved physical processes, in particular BH accretion; usually the spatial scale where the BH dominates the hydrodynamical processes (the Bondi radius) is unresolved, and an approximate Bondi-Hoyle accretion rate is used to estimate the growth of the BH. By comparing hydrodynamical simulations at different resolutions (300, 30, 3 pc) using a Bondi-Hoyle approximation to sub-parsec runs with non-parameterized accretion, our aim is to probe how well an approximated Bondi accretion is able to capture the BH accretion physics and the subsequent feedback on the galaxy. We analyse an isolated galaxy simulation that includes cooling, star formation, Type Ia and Type II supernovae, BH accretion and AGN feedback (radiation pressure, Compton heating/cooling) where mass, momentum, and energy are deposited in the interstellar medium through conical winds. We find that on average the approximated Bondi formalism can lead to both over- and under-estimations of the BH growth, depending on resolution and on how the variables entering into the Bondi-Hoyle formalism are calculated.
Fracture Surgery in Known COVID-19 Infected Patients: What Are the Challenges?

Background Surgery in the time of COVID-19 pandemic is a challenging issue while treatment of affected fracture patients is inevitable. The present study summarizes the challenges that an orthopedic surgeon is confronting during the surgical treatment of fracture patients with concomitant COVID-19 infection. Methods Demographic and fracture related data of 13 fracture patients with concomitant COVID-19 infection who were treated with surgery was collected from three trauma centers in Tehran and Kermanshah cities from 21, February 2020 to April 3, 2020. Results All patients were male with mean age of 38.6±19.5 years. Eight patients had high energy fracture and seven patients had multiple fractures and trauma. Wrist and hand were the common sites of fracture following hip and pelvis. The mean interval time period between the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection and surgery was 2.3±1.5 days. Before surgery, all patients except one had been admitted to the corona dedicated wards, while two patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). One of the ICU admitted patients died. All the 12 alive patients remained in home isolation after discharge. Conclusion Fracture surgery in COVID-19 patients has many challenges such as lack of medical resources, delay of surgery, medial staff fear, and patient isolation. However, a multidisciplinary approach using all potential hospital resources would lead to successful operation and acceptable outcome.
Family and Community Approaches to Intimate Partner Violence: Restorative Programs in the United States

Now is the time to rethink reliance on legal intervention to end intimate partner violence (IPV). Arrest, incarceration, and family separation have fallen disproportionately on people who are Black or Brown, impoverished, or immigrant, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ). Restorative approaches bring together the persons harmed, persons causing harm, their family or community networks, or combinations of these stakeholders. Based on a U.S. national study, this article examines: What influences programs to adopt a restorative approach to ending IPV? How do programs safeguard their original vision for social change? What principles guide the programs in carrying out their work in safe and productive ways?
Cloning of hyaluronan synthase (sz-has) gene from Streptococcus zooppidemicus in Escherichia coli

A 546-bp fragment of the sz-hasA gene encoding hyaluronan synthase (szHAS) from Streptococcus zooepidemicus (group C Streptococcus, GCS) was amplified by PCR with oligonucleotides designed based on the conserved amino acid sequences of HASs from other organisms as primers. The entire sz-hasA gene was identified and cloned by Southern and colony hybridizations using this 546-bp fragment as a probe. Determination of the nucleotide sequence indicated that this gene encoded a protein with 417 amino acid residues (calculated molecular mass, 47.77 kDa). The amino acid sequence of szHAS was 74.2% identical to that of HAS from Strep. equisimilis. The overexpression of sz-hasA in Escherichia coli was detected by SDSPAGE and confirmed by LC/MS-MS. To examine whether E. coli cells acquire an ability to synthesize hyaluronic acid (HA) upon transformation with plasmids bearing the sz-hasA gene, the plasmids pHAS-1 and pHAS-2, in which sz-hasA and sz-hasA with rare codon modifications at the 5’-terminus were ligated into the NdeI-BamHI sites of pET-28a, respectively, were constructed and used to transform E. coli BL21 (DE3), E. coli BL21 (codon+), and E. coli HMS 174 (DE3) plysS. Cultivation of these transformants, followed by induction for gene expression, revealed that the E. coli BL21 (codon+) transformants with pHAS-1 and E. coli HMS 174 (DE3) plysS transformants with pHAS-2 produced HA after 4 hr induction time at the maximum yield 16 μg/ml and 32.5 μg/ml, respectively. These are higher than the background levels in control bacteria, which were 5 μg/ml and 21.3 μg/ml, respectively.
Interactive comment on “ Assessing the hydrologic restoration of an urbanized area via integrated distributed hydrological model ” by

We would like to thank Dr. Barron for her helpful comments, especially about the influences of soil properties, rainfall data interval and simulation time steps on rainfall partitioning and river discharge. We have carried out a sensitivity analysis on the above three factors. The results, reassuringly, lead to the same main conclusions that were drawn previously. Please see the detailed responses below.
A Real-time Traffic Signal Control Strategy Under Partially Connected Vehicle Environment

The performance of a traffic system tends to improve as the percentage of connected vehicles (CV) in total flow increases. However, due to low CV penetration in the current vehicle market, improving the traffic signal operation remains a challenging task. In an effort to improve the performance of CV applications at low penetration rates, the authors develop a new method to estimate the speeds and positions of non-connected vehicles (NCV) along a signalized intersection. The algorithm uses CV information and initial speeds and positions of the NCVs from loop detectors and estimates the forward movements of the NCVs using the Gipps’ car-following model. Calibration parameters of the Gipps’ model were determined using a solver optimization tool. The estimation algorithm was applied to a previously developed connected vehicle signal control (CVSC) strategy on two different isolated intersections. Simulations in VISSIM showed the estimation accuracy higher for the intersection with less lanes. Estimation error increased with the decrease in CV penetration and decreased with the decrease in traffic demand. The CVSC strategy with 40% and higher CV penetration (for Intersection 1) and with 20% and higher CV penetration (for Intersection 2) showed better performance in reducing travel time delay and number of stops than the EPICS adaptive control.
Camera Parameters Extraction Using Real-Time Video Analysis In Football Broadcasting

Over the last few years, the use of augmented reality graphics in sports broadcasts has been increasing. To achieve the illusion that these graphics are on the real world scene that is being filmed, the camera’s parameters must be extracted in real time, which then are sent to a graphics engine that is responsible of rendering the necessary graphics. This work aims at developing an algorithm capable of doing the first task, that is, extract the camera’s parameters in real-time, during a football broadcast. The developed algorithm is divided into two parts, the initialization and the tracking. In the initialization, a homography that best projects the field model onto the image is found, when there is no information about the camera’s parameters. The tracking part starts when the camera’s parameters for the previous frame are known, which makes the process faster and more reliable. Since the cameras’ positions are fixed, an initial process was created that receives several images captured by a specific camera and computes its position. Fixing the camera’s position allows to have less variable parameters making the tracking process faster and more reliable. The different parts of the algorithm were then tested, concluding that in most cases, the parameters were correctly extracted in real-time.
Application of KEA for Semantically Associated Structural Units Search in a Corpus and Text Summarization

This paper presents results of the research on possible applications of keyphrase extraction algorithm KEA. Although this algorithm is widely used as an effective and universal tool for keyphrase extraction, our study is aimed at exploration of its further adjustments in the tasks of translation equivalents search and for semantic compression, namely, for extractive summarization. To be precise, in our first series of experiments we analyzed the output of KEA based on the text corpus developed from the United Nations documents in order to find semantically associated structural units (possible translation equivalents) among Russian and English keyphrases. The second series of experiments is concerned with using keyphrases automatically extracted by KEA to compose extracts for short stories. In this case we also compiled a corpus of short stories written in (or translated into) Russian and adjusted KEA so that ranked sentences with keyphrases could be used to form previews for the stories.