Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NFL Salary Cap Allocation: Matching Theory with Observed Behavior

Using a representative agent optimization model, we assess the degree to which average team salary cap shares devoted to offense and defense in the National Football League (NFL) are consistent with the shares predicted by a constrained optimization model. Results from a balanced fixed-effects panel for all thirty-two NFL teams over a 13-year period (2002-2009 and 2012-2016) indicate that the model is effective at matching the salary cap allocation between offense and defense, and closely matches the ratio of offensive to defensive cap shares that we see in practice. Overall, the model fits well with observed NFL managerial oversight in this respect.
Single-Stage Bidirectional Buck–Boost Inverters Using a Single Inductor and Eliminating the Common-Mode Leakage Current

This paper presents novel single-phase single-stage buck–boost inverters. The proposed inverters provide buck–boost operation for a wide variation of the input dc voltage. In addition, the proposed inverters are bidirectional and provide reactive power. Further, they require only one inductor. The proposed inverters also eliminate the common-mode leakage current by connecting the output neutral to the midpoint of input capacitors or directly to input voltage sources. Therefore, they are well suitable for photovoltaic applications. Although six switches are required, two switches are working at line frequency, resulting in negligible switching loss. Of the four remaining switches, only two are switching at high frequency at a time. The circuit operations are demonstrated through the analysis of the proposed inverters. A 120 Vrms/60 Hz/400 W hardware prototype was constructed and tested. The experimental results verified the theoretical analysis.
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour

Comprehending this complex organ in our heads and how it enables our thoughts, emotions and actions has sparked curiosity for centuries. It’s essential to strive for this understanding if we are to be able to answer fundamental questions about human beings. Recent technological and theoretical advancements are delivering unprecedented insights into the way the brain works, making it possible to answer more applied questions as well.
Does Medial-Row Fixation Technique Affect the Retear Rate and Functional Outcomes After Double-Row Transosseous-Equivalent Rotator Cuff Repair?

Background: Double-row transosseous-equivalent (TOE) rotator cuff repair techniques have been widely accepted because of their superior biomechanical properties when compared with arthroscopic single-row repair. Concerns regarding repair overtensioning with medial-row knot tying have led to increased interest in knotless repair techniques; however, there is a paucity of clinical data to guide the choice of technique. Hypothesis: Arthroscopic TOE repair techniques using knotless medial-row fixation will demonstrate lower retear rates and greater improvements in the Constant score relative to conventional knot-tying TOE techniques. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review of 3 databases (PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase) was performed using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Inclusion criteria were English-language studies that examined repair integrity or Constant scores after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with TOE techniques. Two investigators independently screened results for relevant articles. Data regarding the study design, surgical technique, retear rate, and Constant shoulder score were extracted from eligible studies. A quality assessment of all articles was performed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria. Results: The systematic review identified a total of 32 studies (level of evidence, 1-4) that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the 32 studies, 5 reported on knotless TOE techniques, 25 reported on knot-tying TOE techniques, and 2 reported on both. In the knotless group, retear rates ranged from 6% to 36%, and Constant scores ranged from 38-65 (preoperative) to 73-83 (postoperative). In the knot-tying group, retear rates ranged from 0% to 48%, and Constant scores ranged from 42-64 (preoperative) to 55-96 (postoperative). Conclusion: Despite several theoretical advantages of knotless TOE repair, both knotless and knot-tying techniques reported considerable improvement in functional outcomes after rotator cuff repair. Although tendon failure rates showed a downward trend in knotless studies, additional prospective studies are warranted to better understand the role of medial-row fixation on tendon repair integrity and postoperative clinical outcomes.
Logarithmic Hyperbolic Cosine Adaptive Filter and Its Performance Analysis

The hyperbolic cosine function with high-order errors can be utilized to improve the accuracy of adaptive filters. However, when initial weight errors are large, the hyperbolic cosine-based adaptive filter (HCAF) may be unstable. In this paper, a novel normalization based on the logarithmic hyperbolic cosine function is proposed to achieve the stabilization for the case of large initial weight errors, which generates a logarithmic HCAF (LHCAF). Actually, the cost function of LHCAF is the logarithmic hyperbolic cosine function that is robust to large errors and smooth to small errors. The transient and steady-state analyses of LHCAF in terms of the mean-square deviation (MSD) are performed for a stationary white input with an even probability density function in a stationary zero-mean white noise. The convergence and stability of LHCAF can be therefore guaranteed as long as the filtering parameters satisfy certain conditions. The theoretical results based on the MSD are supported by the simulations. In addition, a variable scaling factor and step-size LHCAF (VSS-LHCAF) is proposed to improve the filtering accuracy of LHCAF further. The proposed LHCAF and VSS-LHCAF are superior to HCAF and other robust adaptive filters in terms of filtering accuracy and stability.
Early‐life house dust mite allergens, childhood mite sensitization, and respiratory outcomes

To the editor: With great interest, we read the article by Casas et al. (1) on the association between house dust mite allergens and sensitization, wheezing, and asthma in early life. We recognize the relevance of a large multinational cohort analysis to explore the increased morbidity in asthmatic and sensitized children in relation to house dust mite. Although the results were clear and nicely presented, we would like to discuss a few issues. At first, the authors defined asthma by the presence of two of the following three conditions: physician-diagnosed asthma, current parental-reported wheezing (last 12 months), and current asthma medication intake (last 12 months). We were wondering whether this definition could cause underreporting of the number of patients with asthma. Was it not possible to classify children according to the ISAAC criteria? Did the authors consider the recall bias of the parents, the reliability of the documentation/registration of the diagnosis, and medical use in the different countries? If this is the case, it could unwillingly cause differences between the included cohorts. Secondly, there were data missing during the follow-up. For instance, the blood samples were used for the analysis of the sIgE, and thus, the sensitization of the child was 59% at baseline and 41% after follow-up. It was not fully clear how the missing data were taken into account during the analysis. Could it be that the overall outcomes were distorted by the fact those data were missing. Thirdly, we noticed there was an intervention study included in the cohort (PIAMA-NHS) (2). In the potential confounder section, we missed information about possible interventions, for example, house cleaning or treatment during the follow-up. This might have influenced the results. In what way were interventions dealt with, also considering the other cohorts? Finally, to what extent are the conclusions drawn from the results supported by the study results? According to the authors, there is a geographical variation in allergen concentrations. These observed differences between the cohorts might at least partially be explained by the fact the cohorts used different locations for dust collection and the measurements were taken in different seasons. The authors did not find an association between house dust mite allergen concentration and respiratory outcomes. But, what was the statistical power of the combined cohorts to investigate this association? Could the identified lack of an association be due to a type II error? In conclusion, the impact of house dust mite allergens is interesting. We comment the authors with this valuable study and are looking forward to their response.
Ion Beam (RBS) and XRF Analysis of Metal Contacts Deposited on CdZnTe and CdTe Crystals

Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) using 6 MeV alpha particles and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) with a Pd-anode X-Ray generator were performed to characterize Au and Pt contacts deposited by electroless technique and thermal evaporation on differently treated surfaces of CdZnTe and CdTe crystals. The aim of this study is to understand and improve the structure of the material-electrode interface. The thickness, the stoichiometry and the concentration profiles of platinum, gold, cadmium, zinc, tellurium and oxygen present at the surface layers were determined. The distribution of Cd deficiency at the interface layers was profiled using simulations and showed complex profiles in the samples, which can greatly affect the electrical quality of the detectors.
AN INTRODUCTION TO NEUROSURGERY

Intended to increase general awareness of what the neurosurgeon can and cannot do, this book deals at relative length with a few selected topics. Anatomic and physiological detail have been restricted, and principles of operations are given rather than details. The first group of chapters proceeds from diagnosis, pathology, and treatment of intracranial masses to the peculiarities of common types of tumor. The three chapters on head injury summarize current views of pathology, and the medical and operative management. Among vascular lesions discussed are aneurysms, angioma, intracerebral hemorrhage, and occlusive cerebrovascular disease. Many would concur that brain abscesses should be treated by burr hole drainage, but not that intrathecal medication should be used for meningitis. Spinal infections are included in chapters on spinal compression, again beginning with general principles of diagnosis and then proceeding to specific disease entities. Anterolateral decompression may come as a surprise to readers having limited experience
Using failed supernovae to constrain the Galactic r-process element production

Rapid neutron capture process (r-process) elements have been detected in a large fraction of metal-poor halo stars, with abundances relative to iron (Fe) that vary by over two orders of magnitude. This scatter is reduced to less than a factor of 3 in younger Galactic disc stars. The large scatter of r-process elements in the early Galaxy suggests that the r-process is made by rare events, like compact binary mergers and rare sub-classes of supernovae. Although being rare, neutron star mergers alone have difficulties to explain the observed enhancement of r-process elements in the lowest metallicity stars compared to Fe. The supernovae producing the two neutron stars already provide a substantial Fe abundance where the r-process ejecta from the merger would be injected. In this work we investigate another complementary scenario, where the r-process occurs in neutron star-black hole mergers in addition to neutron star mergers. Neutron star-black hole mergers would eject similar amounts of r-process matter as neutron star mergers, but only the neutron star progenitor would have produced Fe. Furthermore, a reduced efficiency of Fe production from single stars significantly alters the age–metallicity relation, which shifts the onset of r-process production to lower metallicities. We use the high-resolution [(20 pc)3/cell] inhomogeneous chemical evolution tool ‘ICE’ to study the outcomes of these effects. In our simulations, an adequate combination of neutron star mergers and neutron star-black hole mergers qualitatively reproduces the observed r-process abundances in the Galaxy.
Hereditary properties of permutations are strongly testable

We show that for every hereditary permutation property P and every eps>0, there exists an integer M such that if a permutation p is eps-far from P in the Kendall's tau distance, then a random subpermutation of p of order M has the property P with probability at most eps. This settles an open problem whether hereditary permutation properties are strongly testable, i.e., testable with respect to the Kendall's tau distance. In addition, our method also yields a proof of a conjecture of Hoppen, Kohayakawa, Moreira and Sampaio on the relation of the rectangular distance and the Kendall's tau distance of a permutation from a hereditary property.
Developing a Consortial E-Resources Assessment and Reporting Plan: USMAI’s Work in Progress

Abstract University System of Maryland & Affiliated Institutions (USMAI) librarians developed a consortial e-resources data collection, assessment, and reporting plan. The authors describe how the plan was developed, including what they learned about similar efforts from other library consortia. As the plan enters its implementation phase, the authors advocate for consortia to collaborate in order to help establish best practices for systematic assessment of library provided e-resources.
Controllable Nanoscale Inverted Pyramids for High-Efficient Quasi-Omnidirectional Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells.

Nanoscale inverted pyramid structures (NIPs) have always been regarded as one of the most paramount light management schemes to achieve the extraordinary performance in various devices, especially in solar cells, due to their outstanding antireflection ability with relative lower surface enhancement ratio. However, the current approaches to fabricating the NIPs are complicated and not cost-effective for the massive cell production in the photovoltaic industry. Here, controllable NIPs are fabricated on crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafers by Ag catalyzed chemical etching and alkaline modification, which is a preferable all-solution-processed method. Through applying the NIPs to c-Si solar cells and optimizing the cell design, we have successfully achieved highly efficient NIPs textured solar cells with the champion efficiency of 20.5%. Importantly, the NIPs textured solar cells are further demonstrated to possess the quasi-omnidirectional property over the broad sunlight incident angles of approximately 0°-60°. Moreover, the NIPs are theoretically revealed to offer light trapping advantage for ultrathin c-Si solar cells. Hence, the NIPs formed by the controllable method exhibit a great potential to be used in the future photovoltaic industry as surface texture.
A Modified Closed-Loop Voltage Model Observer Based on Adaptive Direct Flux Magnitude Estimation in Sensorless Predictive Direct Voltage Control of an Induction Motor

Voltage model observer is a simple and economical technique for flux estimation in induction motor sensorless drives. However, it shows poor performance in low-speed regions. Therefore, in most cases, the use of this observer is limited. On the other hand, using a simple but accurate estimator is important when the control method is sophisticated and requires heavy computation. This issue will be important in predictive control more than the other methods because the accuracy of the prediction is dependent on the flux estimation. In this paper, a modified closed-loop technique based on voltage model observer is proposed for flux estimation. The feedback loop is supported by the proposed model reference adaptive system direct flux magnitude estimation technique. The dependence of the feedback loop on the stator resistance is eliminated. Therefore, the drift error will be avoided. This will allow the method to withstand the high stator resistance error even at low speeds. Also, a new Lyapunov-based technique for the stator resistance estimation via reduced-order model is proposed. By using the proposed observer, the predictive direct voltage control technique is used as the control method in order to achieve a control method that requires low computation. The proposed method is validated through the experimental results.
Assessment of Significant Wave Height in the Taiwan Strait Measured by a Single HF Radar System

Dual high-frequency (HF) radar systems are often used to provide measurements of waves, winds, and currents. In this study, the accuracy of wave measurements using a single HF radar system (OS081H-A) was explored using datasets obtained during 5–27 January 2014 in the southwestern Taiwan Strait. We selected the study region as an area with >90% coverage (i.e., the range was <100 km). Qualitative and quantitative intercomparison of wave measurements (by the radar and five buoys) and wave model products [from the Simulating Wave Nearshore (SWAN) model] were conducted. Intercomparison of the modeled and in situ significant wave height Hs showed that the model-predicted Hs could be considered to be acceptable for use as “sea truth” to evaluate the radar-derived Hs, with mean bias from −0.45 to −0.16 m, mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.24–0.45 m, and root-mean-square error of 0.31–0.54 m. It was found that the MAE of radar-derived Hs was ≤ 1 m for 86% of the sector (except at the edge of sector) when the model-predicted Hs was ≥ 1.5 m. In particular, the MAE was less than 0.6 m for 63% of the sector, which was mainly distributed in the area with a bearing from −50° to +70° and a range of 20–70 km. The results are promising, but more work is needed. We employed a spatial distribution function for the MAE of the radar-derived Hs over the sample duration based on range, bearing, and mean radar-derived Hs.
A new failure protection algorithm for circuit breakers using the power loss ofswitching arc incidents

The principal function of circuit breakers (CBs) is to isolate a portion of the power network from the rest of it in a timely manner following an opening command. Any failure in the opening operation of CBs, especially following a fault condition, will almost certainly result in a catastrophic event. Therefore, the issue of failure detection of CBs is essential and has a vital role in power system protection. This paper presents a novel power-based algorithm for failure detection of CBs. The power loss of CBs due to an arcing event increases as the arcing time gets longer. The arcing time of CBs increases with defective operations originating from any failure or malfunction for different reasons. The proposed method uses the power difference between the input and output terminals of CBs to calculate the power loss due to an arcing event, which can then be used to estimate the arcing energy. A trip signal is initiated whenever the estimated arcing energy for a single opening operation reaches a predefined trip level, which shows a failure in CB operation. This predefined trip value is related to the integration of the maximum power capacity of the CB during an opening operation time. Computer simulation studies conducted to analyze the performance of the proposed technique demonstrate that the algorithm is capable of discriminating between normal and abnormal arcing energies and thus identifying malfunctions or failures in the opening operations of CBs.
Venous Thromboembolism among Cancer Patients:A Review

Venous thromboembolism is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with cancer. It has a multifactorial pathogenesis and a different expression pattern among various types of malignancies. Administration of anticoagulants forms the key therapeutic approach towards the management of venous thromboembolism. However, this is associated with increased risk of bleeding during the treatment. Chemotherapy, surgery, use of central venous catheters and radiotherapy represent major risk groups, which lead to increased venous thromboembolism and bleeding. Consequently, risk stratification can be an important tool, which can provide better thromboprophylaxis in a patient-based manner. The present review summarizes the epidemiology, pathogenesis and risk factors of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients. In addition, indications for different strategies towards challenging thromboprophylaxis and management of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients are also deliberated.
Heat-Assisted Screen Printing of High-Aspect-Ratio Microstructures

Herein we propose a new screen-printing method called heat-assisted screen printing (HASP). This method uses a local heater located at the squeegee tip. The heater increases the temperature and decreases the viscosity of the ink around the squeegee tip and improves the flow of ink into the mask opening. Subsequently, the ink is cooled by heat conduction to the mask and the substrate, and the viscosity increases, which improves the maintenance of the structure after demolding. We designed a machine for model experiments. The heater temperature was set to 20 °C, 40 °C, 60 °C, 80 °C, and 100 °C. The filling rate increases as the heater temperature increases. The filling rate became constant at approximately 0.75 at temperatures above 60 °C. The thermal fluid of the ink over the mask was also simulated using the particle method, and the temperature of the ink near the squeegee tip was evaluated. When the heater temperature was 60 °C, the temperature of the ink was constant at 39 °C and the viscosity was 1880 mPa $\cdot \text{s}$ . It was found that HASP improved the filling of high-viscosity ink and a boundary temperature exists for sufficiently filling the ink.
Evaluating early warning and coincident indicators of business cycles using smooth trends

We present a composite coincident indicator designed to capture the state of the Spanish economy. Our approach, based on smooth trends, guarantees that the resulting indicators are reasonably smooth and issue stable signals, reducing the uncertainty. The coincident indicator has been checked by comparing it with the one recently proposed by the Spanish Economic Association index. Both indexes show similar behavior and ours captures very well the beginning and end of the official recessions and expansion periods. Our coincident indicator also tracks very well alternative mass media indicators typically used in the political science literature. We also update our composite leading indicator (Bujosa, Garc ia-Ferrer, and de Juan, 2013). It systematically predicts the peaks and troughs of the new Spanish Economic Association index and provides significant aid in forecasting annual GDP growth rates. Using only real data available at the beginning of each forecast period, our indicator one step-ahead forecasts shows improvements over other individual alternatives and different forecast combinations.
A novel layer 1 virtual private network provisioning architecture in multi-domain optical networks

A novel multi-domain L1VPN provisioning architecture is proposed based on service plane of the adaptive multi-services provisioning platform. It can provide the inter-domain L1VPN services flexibly, and can establish different L1VPNs by analyzing different service characteristics and constraints. Moreover, the architecture we proposed was experimentally demonstrated in our AMSON testbed.
A 40-GHz frequency divider in 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology

A frequency divider employs resonance techniques by means of on-chip spiral inductors to operate at high speeds. Configured as two cascaded /spl divide/2 stages, the circuit achieves a frequency range of 2.3 GHz at 40 GHz while consuming 31 mW from a 2.5-V supply.