Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbon cycling in a large coastal embayment, affected by wind-driven upwelling: short-time-scale variability and spatial differences

Carbon species fluxes and net budgets were studied with a 2-D box model in the Ria de Arousa (Spain), a large indentation in the NW Iberian upwelling system. The embayment acted as a CO2 source to the atmosphere during the upwelling season (average CO2 flux across the seawater-air interface, Fo, = + l 6 mg C m-' d.'), despite the elevated net community production (NCP) rates (average NCP = 0.84 g C m-' d-'). The high pCOz levels in source Eastern Narth Atlantic Central Water (ENACW) and the reduced residence times within the Ria (-6 d) seem to be the reasons for the observed Fcol The CO2 increase associated with CaCO, fixation by the intensive culture of mussels on hanging ropes did not affect Fco, significantly. High Fco, values were observed during strong upwelling, w h c h was 3 times larger than the average during the upwelling season. Under these conditions the CO2-rich source ENACW reached the surface and this coincided with low phytoplankton production (NCP = -0.01 g C m-2 d.'). Source ENACW was enriched ~ n t h i n the Ria with carbon released from the sediments. Fco, was reduced to Y of ~ t s value compared to the average upwelling season under conditions of moderate upwehng. Phytoplankton grew rapidly (average NCP = 1.49 g C m-2 d-') at the expense of the gentle injection of new nutrients at the base of the pycnocline. Negligible FCOl values were observed during upwelling relaxations, when ENACW into the Ria was replaced by the warm and CO2-equilibrated shelf surface waters. Fco, reached a maximum during a strong autumn downwelling event because of the concurrence of warm shelf surface water flow into the Ria with strong carbon release from the sediments. CO2 fluxes per unit area always increased coastwards, because of the progressive CO2 ennchinent of the source ENACW as it enters the embayment and the decrease of residence times.
Climate-mediated behavioural variability in facultatively social bees

Social organisms are some of the most pervasive on earth, with the origin of sociality considered a major evolutionary transition. Previous studies suggest a role for both genetic and environmental factors in the transition from solitary to social living, with the relative contributions of these factors varying among taxa. Eusociality has arisen up to 11 times in the Hymenoptera. Four of these origins occurred within the bees, plus many probable reversions, making them ideal to understand the influence of genes and environment on social behaviour. We used a well-supported phylogeny with broad taxonomic coverage of the globally distributed bee genus Ceratina to test whether climate and sociality are correlated. Ceratina was most probably social ancestrally and originated in tropical Africa, with subsequent dispersals into temperate regions corresponding to shifts to solitary living. These findings highlight the utility of facultatively social lineages, such as Ceratina, for assessing the relative importance of phylogeny and ecology in the evolution of social complexity.
WORKING PAPER SERIES No . 26 / 2002 ABSENCE AND OVERTIME WORK : EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM NORWAY Jan Morten Dyrstad

This paper presents both theoretical and empirical analyses of the relationship between overtime work and absence. Demand for absence is analysed under the assumption that workers in a given firm can be represented by one of two types of workers, denoted overemployed and underemployed. Increased demand for overtime hours has a nonpositive effect on absence. If actual overtime pay is higher than the reservation wage, a higher demand for overtime hours will reduce absence. Otherwise absence is unaffected. On the other hand, demand for overtime increases if absence increases. The empirical analysis is carried out on quarterly panel data from 263 firms, covering the time period 1990-96. The empirical results confirm the theoretical predictions except from the effect of overtime hours on absence, where positive elasticities are estimated. ∗We are grateful to Confederation of Norwegian Business and Industry for providing data to the empirical analyses presented in this paper. Financial support from the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs and Confederation of Norwegian Business and Industry (NHOs Arbeidsmiljøfond) is gratefully acknowledged. However, the authors are solely responsible for the analyses and conclusions drawn in the paper. We wish to thank W. Bowman, K. Johansen, F. Reize, seminar participants at the Department of Economics, NTNU, and participants at ESPEs annual meeting in Torino 1999 for constructive comments to a previous version of this paper. The usual disclaimer applies. JEL classification: J21
Complementing Warm-up with Stretching Routines: Effects in Sprint Performance

Abstact The present study aimed to examine the effects of using static or dynamic stretching added to the common warm-up routine for short sprint distances and to repeated sprint performance. In 3 different sessions, 16 college-age men (n=10) and women (n=6) performed one of 3 warm-ups followed by a 2×60 m dash sprint time trial (5 min of rest) in a counterbalanced design. The control warm-up consisted of 10 min of light-intensity running, and the 2 experimental warm-ups included a static or dynamic stretching routine (5 exercises) in the control warm-up. Performance (time) and physiological variables (tympanic temperature, heart rate) were monitored. In the first 60 m time trial, there were no differences between the 3 warm-ups tested (F=0.21, p=0.73; ηp 2=0.01), as opposed to that observed in the second (F=7.04, p<0.01; ηp 2=0.32). The participants were 1.7% faster after the static stretching warm-up compared with the control warm-up. The sum of the time performed in the 2 sprints emphasizes these results, with better performances after the static stretching warm-up than the control (1%) or dynamic stretching warm-up (0.7%). These results suggest that including a set of static or dynamic stretching exercises may enhance sprinting performance. The better performance in the second trial after the warm-up including static stretching suggests that this type of stretching may positively influence repeated sprint performance (<10 s sprint).
Photodynamic therapy in neurosurgery: a proof of concept of treatment planning system

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor. PhotoDynamic Therapy (PDT) appears as an interesting research field to improve GBM treatment. Nevertheless, PDT cannot fit into the current therapeutic modalities according to several reasons: the lack of reliable and reproducible therapy schemes (devices, light delivery system), the lack of consensus on a photosensitizer and the absence of randomized and controlled multicenter clinical trial. The main objective of this study is to bring a common support for PDT planning. Here, we describe a proof of concept of Treatment Planning System (TPS) dedicated to interstitial PDT for GBM treatment. The TPS was developed with the integrated development environment C++ Builder XE8 and the environment ArtiMED, developed in our laboratory. This software enables stereotactic registration of DICOM images, light sources insertion and an accelerated CUDA GPU dosimetry modeling. Although, Monte-Carlo is more robust to describe light diffusion in biological tissue, analytical model accelerated by GPU remains relevant for dose preview or fast reverse planning processes. Finally, this preliminary work proposes a new tool to plan interstitial or intraoperative PDT treatment and might be included in the design of future clinical trials in order to deliver PDT straightforwardly and homogenously in investigator centers.
Moral hypocrisy: Self-deception or impression management?

In four studies (S1-S4; N = 320) we investigated whether moral hypocrisy (MH) is motivated by conscious impression management concerns or whether it is self-deceptive. In a dictator game, MH occurred both within participants (saying one thing, doing another; S1) and between participants (doing one thing when it is inconsequential, doing another thing when it affects payoffs; S2). People were willing to let an ostensibly fair coin determine payoffs only if they could fudge the results of the coin flip, suggesting that hypocrites do not deceive themselves (S3). Also supporting this view, MH was associated with adherence to Conformity values (S1-S2), indicative of a desire to appear moral in the eyes of others but not indicative of self-deception. Universalism values were predictive of moral integrity (S1, S3-S4). Applying our findings, we show that MH can be reduced by increasing the collective awareness about its prevalence in a specific situation (S4).
Modelling evapotranspiration during precipitation deficits: identifying critical processes in a land surface model

Abstract. Surface fluxes from land surface models (LSMs) have traditionally been evaluated against monthly, seasonal or annual mean states. The limited ability of LSMs to reproduce observed evaporative fluxes under water-stressed conditions has been previously noted, but very few studies have systematically evaluated these models during rainfall deficits. We evaluated latent heat fluxes simulated by the Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) LSM across 20 flux tower sites at sub-annual to inter-annual timescales, in particular focusing on model performance during seasonal-scale rainfall deficits. The importance of key model processes in capturing the latent heat flux was explored by employing alternative representations of hydrology, leaf area index, soil properties and stomatal conductance. We found that the representation of hydrological processes was critical for capturing observed declines in latent heat during rainfall deficits. By contrast, the effects of soil properties, LAI and stomatal conductance were highly site-specific. Whilst the standard model performs reasonably well at annual scales as measured by common metrics, it grossly underestimates latent heat during rainfall deficits. A new version of CABLE, with a more physically consistent representation of hydrology, captures the variation in the latent heat flux during seasonal-scale rainfall deficits better than earlier versions, but remaining biases point to future research needs. Our results highlight the importance of evaluating LSMs under water-stressed conditions and across multiple plant functional types and climate regimes.
An Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Multiobjective Problems

Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) has shown an effective performance for solving test functions and real-world optimization problems. However, this method has a premature convergence problem, which may lead to lack of diversity. In order to improve its performance, this paper presents a hybrid approach which embedded the MOPSO into the island model and integrated a local search technique, Variable Neighborhood Search, to enhance the diversity into the swarm. Experiments on two series of test functions have shown the effectiveness of the proposed approach. A comparison with other evolutionary algorithms shows that the proposed approach presented a good performance in solving multiobjective optimization problems. Keywords—Particle swarm optimization, migration, variable neighborhood search, multiobjective optimization
Fisher Man's Willingness to Pay For Fisheries Management: The Case Of Lake Zeway, Ethiopia

This study identified the determinants of fishermen’s willingness to pay for fishery management and measured mean fishermen’s willingness to pay for lake Zeway fishery management. A two-stage random sampling techniques was applied to identify 150 sample fishermen’s from Adami Tulu Gido Kombolcha, Zeway Dugda and Dugda districts surrounding lake Zeway, Ethiopia. The elicitation method used to value is a single dichotomous choice and open ended follow-up question. Tobit model is used to identify the determinants to willingness to pay of the fishermen’s. Descriptive result showed that average household size was 4.04, experience of the respondents in fishing was 11.12 years, monthly income from fish was 2339.17 birr/month , age of the respondents was 33.38 years and from the total sample 92.67% were literate and 7.33 were illiterate with average educational level of 5.71 grades. The mean willingness to pay for fishery management was found to be 36.97 birr/month and aggregating the mean value over total fishermen households will give a total of 37,746.37 birr/month or 452,956.44 birr/year. About 25% of the respondents were not interested to pay for fisheries management in lake Zeway. The tobit model result revealed that the income from fish, educational level of the respondent, experience of the respondents, respondent’s perception about lake fishery management are positively and significantly affect willingness to pay. Alternative income of the respondents has negative and significantly affect willingness to pay. Applying tax on the users was recommended. Training and awareness creation, education through formal and informal should be needed to fulfill the gap of perception.
Relationship between Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Assiut University Hospitals

This study was conducted during the period from February 2010 to February 2011 to correlate the Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from clinical and environmental samples by different methods including biotyping, antibiogram, phenotyping (detection of metallo-B-lactamase enzyme) and also molecular typing throw detection of universal gene of Acinetobacter species. We isolated a total of 51 Acinetobacter species from clinical and environmental samples from different wards and ICUs of Assiut University Hospitals. Biotyping of the isolates were done using API 20NE Index system which identified all clinical & environmental isolatesas Acinetobacter baumannii / calcoaceticus complex. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. The highest resistance was to penicillin derivatives (66.7% and 51.9% in clinical and environmental samples respectively). The lowest resistance was to tetracycline (20.8% and 29.6%) and imipenem (29.2% and 33.3% in clinical and environmental samples respectively). Phenotypic detection of Metallo-Blactamase (MBL) was done by double disc synergy test. All the imipenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from clinical and environmental samples expressed MBL phenotypically. Molecular typing by PCR showed that 49 of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from clinical and environmental samples had positive ITS of 602-622bp with an overall sequence similarity of more than96%. These methods supported a close relationship between clinical and environmental isolates and also indicated the important role of hospital environment in spread and transmissibility of multidrug resistant A. baumanii among hospitalized patients. [Enas A. Daef, Ismael S. Mohamad, Ahmad S. Ahmad, Sherein G. El-Gendy, Entsar H. Ahmed and Ibrahim M. Sayed. Relationship between Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Assiut University Hospitals. J Am Sci 2013;9(11s):67-73]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 12
Adventitious shoot regeneration and micropropagation of the Japanese endangered Hylotelephium sieboldii (Sweet ex Hook.) H. Ohba and H. sieboldii var. ettyuense (Tomida) H. Ohba

Due to indiscriminate collection, the natural habitat of Hylotelephium sieboldii and H. sieboldii var. ettyuense have been significantly reduced. For ex situ conservation and efficient vegetative propagation, a micropropagation system based on adventitious shoot regeneration was developed for these two endangered species. Leaves, stems and roots of in vitro-grown plantlets, and flower buds of greenhouse-grown plants were used as explants. For H. sieboldii, adventitious shoots were most efficiently regenerated from flower bud explants on a medium containing 1 mg l−1 each of NAA and BA. Adventitious shoot regeneration from flower bud explants under this condition was also obtained in H. sieboldii var. ettyuense, but with lower efficiencies. Adventitious shoots of both species rooted and developed into plantlets on a medium containing 0.1 mg l−1 IBA. Almost all of these plantlets were successfully transplanted to the greenhouse. At least at early stage of growth, they showed no apparent morphological alterations.
Controller Synthesis for Hierarchical Agent Interactions

We give a formalism and an algorithm for synthesizing controllers to coordinate interactions among hierarchically organized agents. Typical applications are, for example, in harbor or warehouse automation. The formalism models agents as hierarchical input/output automata, and models a system of interacting agents as the parallel composition of the automata. It extends the usual parallel composition operation of I/O automata with a hierarchical composition operation for refining abstract tasks into lower-level subtasks. We provide an algorithm to synthesize hierarchically organized controllers to coordinate the agents' interactions in order to drive the system toward desired states. Our contribution is mostly theoretical: we formally define the representation, and present theorems about its properties (i.e., the parallel and hierarchical composition are distributive operations), as well as the correctness and completeness of the synthesis algorithm.
Identifying modularity structure of a genetic network in gene expression profile data

Aim of this paper is to define a new statistical framework to identify central modules in Gaussian Graphical Models (GGMs) estimated by gene expression data measured on a sample of patients with negative molecular response to Imatinib. Imatinib is a drug used to treat certain types of cancer that inmany medical studies has been reported to have a significant clinic effect on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase as well as in blast crisis. For centralmodule in a GGM we intend a module containing genes that are defined differentially expressed.
Efficient Extended Tree based Routing Protocol i.e. PSR for MANET

Routing algorithm have been proposed to solve node selection problem for forwarding the packets. Designing efficient routing approach for MANET is a challenging venture as here nodes have limited resource. Routing Protocols are categorized as Proactive, Reactive and Hybrid Protocols. Main challenges in MANET are that it needs dynamic routing which may results in frequent topological changes. In MANET routing overhead in terms of number of routing control messages must be minimized. In this paper we are trying to save the packets from being dropped by those nodes whose resource is going to be depleted in nearby future which will trim down the delay of messages and enhance packet delivery ratio. We have used NS2 tool and compared with basic routing algorithm.
Screw-Based Modeling of Soft Manipulators With Tendon and Fluidic Actuation

A screw-based formulation of the kinematics, differential kinematics and statics of soft manipulators is presented, which introduces the soft robotics counterpart to the fundamental geometric theory of robotics developed since Brockett’s original work on the subject. As far as the actuation is concerned, the embedded tendon and fluidic actuation are modeled within the same screw-based framework and the screw-system to which they belong is shown. Furthermore, the active and passive motion subspaces are clearly differentiated and guidelines for the manipulable and forceclosure conditions are developed. Finally, the model is validated through experiments using the soft manipulator for minimally-invasive surgery STIFF-FLOP.
Mannose-rich guar gum nanoparticles as a novel therapeutic drug against inflammatory diseases

The potential to deliver nanoparticles, like polymer-based nanoparticles that can be enriched with functional groups to ensure entry into cells, directly into targeted cells is important for the therapy of inflammatory diseases. Plant-derived nanoparticles, with inherent anti-inflammatory activity and modified to allow receptor-mediated uptake, can be used as effective therapy with minimal side effects. The particle used in this study is an edible polysaccharide, derived from Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, with a galactomannan component. The particle was made mannose-rich to increase specificity towards cells expressing mannose receptors, and initially tagged with rhodamine isothiocyanate to trace its path. This study aimed to determine the therapeutic effect of the guar gum nanoparticle (GN) in vitro and in vivo in inflammatory diseases. In vitro studies on RAW 264.7 cells showed successful uptake of the nanoparticle, in a short duration of time, via their mannose receptors. Nitric oxide and MTS assays showed anti-inflammatory effects of GN. In vivo mouse model of thioglycollate-induced peritonitis showed significant decrease in inflammation, indicating its anti-inflammatory effect, and increase in clonogenic potential, indicating its regenerative potential, on intraperitoneal administration of GN. The results reflect the potential of the nanoparticle in cellular trafficking, site- specific drug delivery and bioimaging applications.
La Dramaticaly Enhances the Accumulation of Tanshinones in Salvia Miltiorrhiza Hairy Root Cultures

The accumulation of tanshinones (tanshinone I, tanshinone II and cryptotanshinone) and the expression of key enzymes (HMGR， HMGS， KSL， DXR， CMK) of tanshinones biosynthetic pathways in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy root cultures induced by La elicitor were investigated in this paper. La at 0.01mmol·L -1 and 0.1mmol·L -1 obviously stimulated the expression of HMGR on day 1 after treatment. The activity of HMGS and KSL was enhanced by La treatment at the earlier stage of the elicitation treatment and declined gradually at later stage. The activity of CMK was significantly improved with the treatment of La at dilution of 0.01mmol·L -1 on day 1 after treatment. La at 0.01mmol·L -1 and 0.1mmol·L -1 improved the activity of DXR by 161.8% and 378.4% respectively on day 3 after treatment. The content of tanshinone I was markedly enhanced by La at 0.01mmol·L -1 and 0.1mmol·L -1 on day 1 after treatment. La at 0.01mmol·L -1 enhanced the content of tanshinone IIA, which was estimated to be 40.9% higher than the control. The content of cryptotanshinone was significantly improved by 92.4% and 71.5% respectively on day 1 and 3 after treatment with La at 0.01mmol·L -1 , while it was reduced by La at 0.01mmol·L -1 , 0.1mmol·L -1 and 1mmol·L -1 7 days after treatment. In summary the accumulation of tanshinones and expression of key enzymes of tanshinones biosynthetic pathways were improved by La elicitor with lower dose while inhibited with higher dose. And the effect of La on the accumulation of tanshinones lagged behind its effect on the expression of key enzyme gene.