Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Among Trait Mindfulness, Attention, and Working Memory in Junior School Students Under Different Stressful Situations

Attention and working memory are important cognitive functions that affect junior school students’ learning ability and academic performance. This study aimed to explore the relationships among trait mindfulness, attention, and working memory and to explore differences in performance between a high trait mindfulness group and a low one in attention and working memory under different stressful situations. In study 1, 216 junior school students completed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and their attention and working memory were tested in a non-pressure situation. The results showed that attention had a partial mediating effect between mindfulness and working memory. In study 2, the high trait mindfulness group and the low one were tested for attention and working memory under situations with single and multiple pressures. One notable result was that the attention and working memory performances of the high mindfulness group were all significantly higher than those of the low mindfulness group in every stress situation (no stress, single stress, and multiple stresses). Other important results were that trait mindfulness moderates the relationship between stress and attention and between stress and working memory. These results suggest that trait mindfulness has a protective effect in the process by which various stresses affect attention and working memory. These findings indicate that trait mindfulness is an important psychological quality that affects the attention and working memory of junior school students, and it is also an important psychological resource for effectively coping with the impact of stress on attention and working memory. Therefore, it is possible that improving trait mindfulness may help to improve junior school students’ attention and working memory and enable them to cope better with stress, thereby helping to improve academic performance. This research is of great significance for understanding the association between key psychological qualities and cognitive functions in different stressful situations. These findings also provide insight for future studies in educational psychology.
Distribution of Chromophytic Phytoplankton in the Eddy-Induced Upwelling Region of the West Pacific Ocean Revealed Using rbcL Genes

Marine chromophytic phytoplankton are a diverse group of algae and contribute significantly to the total oceanic primary production. However, the spatial distribution of chromophytic phytoplankton is understudied in the West Pacific Ocean (WPO). In this study, we have investigated the community structure and spatial distribution of chromophytic phytoplankton using RuBisCO genes (Form ID rbcL). Our results showed that Haptophyceae, Pelagophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Xanthophyceae, and Bacillariophyceae were the dominant groups. Further, chromophytic phytoplankton can be distinguished between upwelling and non-upwelling zones of the WPO. Surface and 75 m depths of a non-upwelling area were dominated by Prochlorococcus strains, whereas chromophytic phytoplankton were homogenously distributed at the surface layer in the upwelling zone. Meanwhile, Pelagomonas-like sequences were dominant at DCM (75 m) and 150 m depths of the upwelling zone. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis did not differentiate between chromophytic phytoplankton in the upwelling and non-upwelling areas, however, it showed clear trends of them at different depths. Further, redundancy analysis (RDA) showed the influence of physicochemical parameters on the distribution of chromophytic phytoplankton. Along with phosphate (p < 0.01), temperature and other dissolved nutrients were important in driving community structure. The upwelling zone was impacted by a decrease in temperature, salinity, and re-supplement of nutrients, where Pelagomonas-like sequences outnumbered other chromophytic groups presented.
Proliferation of Isoëtalean Lycophytes During the Permo-Triassic Biotic Crises: A Proxy for the State of the Terrestrial Biosphere

Throughout their 420-Ma-long history, Lycopodiopsida have played a subordinate role at the landscape level with very few exceptions. One being the arborescent Lepidodendrales that dominated Pennsylvanian peat swamps in equatorial regions. Another is the enigmatic world-wide proliferation of sub-arborescent Isoëtales during, and in the aftermath of the Permo-Triassic terrestrial biosphere crisis that extended deep into the Triassic. Palynological as well as megafossil data shows that in a great proportion of locations around the globe that produced a fossil record, the provincial floras characteristic for the latest Permian were replaced by communities dominated by Isoëtales such as Pleuromeia and its allies. Our analysis of the isoëtalean biology, especially of the genus Pleuromeia, reveals an unusual suite of physiological and life-history traits, all indicating that it was an excellent stress-tolerator, but also a slow-growing weak competitor. This enabled Pleuromeia to thrive during environmental crises and occupy diverse habitats following the decline of other plants groups. Given their unusual biology, Isoëtales’ repeated ubiquity throughout the Early Triassic implies prolonged and repeated environmental stress in localities worldwide. Additionally, it demonstrates that the cosmopolitan isoëtalean-dominated systems produced a low-productivity, low-diversity terrestrial trophic base of the food web that no longer provided the same level of ecological and evolutionary goods and services (energy source, niche construction, ecosystem engineering, etc.) as the communities they replaced.
Candida antarctica Lipase B: An Ideal Biocatalyst for the Preparation of Nitrogenated Organic Compounds

Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL-B) is a very effective catalyst for the production of amines and amides using different enzymatic procedures. Simplicity of use, low cost, commercial availability and recycling possibility make this lipase an ideal tool for the synthesis and resolution of a wide range of nitrogenated compounds that can be used for the production of pharmaceuticals and interesting manufactures in the industrial sector.
Developing Preservice Teachers’ Equity Consciousness and Equity Literacy

Teachers need the knowledge and dispositions to identify and dismantle barriers contributing to persistent educational inequity. This work begins by centering equity in teacher education with a focus on developing teachers’ critical consciousness of the systems of power and privilege in educational institutions. Utilizing equity-focused instruction and coaching, this study explored the development of preservice teachers’ Equity Consciousness and Equity Literacy knowledge and dispositions during a teaching-coaching-reflection transformative learning experience. Participants demonstrated increased Equity Consciousness and Equity Literacy, recognizing their assumptions about learners’ lived experiences and the funds of knowledge students bring to the learning environment. Findings from this empirical study indicate this approach contributes to the development of the equity-based dispositions essential to dismantling current educational barriers and replacing them with inclusive and empowering instructional practices.
Factors Associated With the Microbiome in Moderate–Late Preterm Babies: A Cohort Study From the DIAMOND Randomized Controlled Trial

The gut microbiota of preterm infants is affected by perinatal factors and, in turn, may impact upon infant health. In this study, we collected fecal samples at Day-10 (D10) and 4-months corrected-age (4M) from 227 moderate–late preterm (MLPT) babies enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of nutritional management. A total of 320 samples underwent 16S amplicon sequencing, and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed on 94 samples from the 4M time point. The microbiome of babies whose families lived in lower socioeconomic status (SES) areas exhibited a significantly higher microbial alpha diversity at D10 (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.021), greater abundance of Bifidobacterium (linear model, q = 0.020) at D10 and Megasphaera (q = 0.031) at 4M. Hospital of birth explained 5.2% of the observed variance in 4M samples (PERMANOVA, p = 0.038), with Staphylococcus aureus more abundant in fecal samples from babies born in Middlemore hospital (linear model, q = 0.016). Maternal antibiotic (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.013) and probiotic (p = 0.04) usage within the four-week period before sample collection was associated with a reduction in the alpha diversity of D10 samples. Infant probiotic intake explained 2.1% (PERMANOVA, p = 0.021) of the variance in the D10 microbial profile with increased Lactobacillus (linear model, q = 1.1 × 10−10) levels. At 4M, the microbiome of infants who were breastmilk fed had reduced alpha diversity when compared to non-breastmilk fed infants (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.05). Although causality cannot be inferred within our study, we conclude that in MLPT babies, maternal socioeconomic factors, as well as the perinatal medical environment and nutrition impact on the development of the newborn microbiome.
Experimentally Accessible Orbits Near a Bykov Cycle

This paper reports numerical experiments done on a two-parameter family of vector fields which unfold an attracting heteroclinic cycle linking two saddle-foci. We investigated both local and global bifurcations due to symmetry breaking in order to detect either hyperbolic or chaotic dynamics. Although a complete understanding of the corresponding bifurcation diagram and the mechanisms underlying the dynamical changes is still out of reach, using a combination of theoretical tools and computer simulations we have uncovered some complex patterns. We have selected suitable initial conditions to analyze the bifurcation diagrams, and regarding these solutions we have located: (a) an open domain of parameters with regular dynamics; (b) infinitely many parabolic-type curves associated to homoclinic Shilnikov cycles which act as organizing centers; (c) a crisis region related to the destruction or creation of chaotic attractors; (d) a large Lebesgue measure set of parameters where chaotic regimes are dominant, though sinks and chaotic attractors may coexist, and in whose complement we observe shrimps.
Das Wertbeitragscontrolling als Anreicherung bestehender Vorgehensmodelle des Software Engineering

Häufig in der Praxis genutzte Vorgehensmodelle des Software Engineering fokussieren zwar die Erfüllung der Zeit-, Budgetund inhaltlichen Anforderungen, vernachlässigen aber die angestrebten Wertbeiträge der IT-Investition. Somit werden die eigentlichen Wirkungen der Informationssysteme häufig weder für die ex-ante zu treffende Investitionsentscheidung berücksichtigt, wo sie methodisch nur schwer zu identifizieren und quantifizieren sind, noch konsequent über den gesamten Projektverlauf überwacht. Angesichts der vielfältigen methodischen Probleme, denen sich die Wirtschaftlichkeitsanalyse von IT-Systemen ausgesetzt sieht, wird ein holistisches Vorgehen vorgestellt, das die Identifikation von Wirkungen bei einem spezifischen IT-Investitionsvorhaben, die Bewertung der Wirkungen, die Abstimmung in einer Organisation über diese Bewertung und die Realisierung der Wirkungen umfasst. Dieser Prozess wird als Wertbeitragscontrolling bezeichnet und sollte in einem Unternehmen nicht isoliert als Teilbereich des Unternehmenscontrolling etabliert werden, sondern ist vor allem im Rahmen von IT-Projekten von Bedeutung. Denn die Anreicherung von Vorgehensmodellen um Wertbeitragsrealisierungsüberlegungen ist die Voraussetzung, um ITProjekte wirtschaftlich erfolgreich umzusetzen.
Three-dimensional printing: A revealing pathway to an unpredictable maze

Three-dimensional (3D) technology has gained wide acceptance in dentistry. It has been used for treatment planning and surgical guidance. This case report presented a novel treatment approach to remove and preserve the cortical bone and root-end resection during periapical surgery with the help of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), computer-aided design, and 3D printing technology. A 22-year-old male patient presented with a large periapical lesion in the right maxillary central and lateral incisors was referred for endodontic surgery. The data acquired from a preoperative diagnostic CBCT scan and an intraoral scan were uploaded into surgical planning software and matched. A template that could be used to locate root ends and lesion areas was virtually designed based on the data and was fabricated using a 3D printer. With the guidance of the template, the overlying cortical bone was precisely removed and preserved, and apicectomy was performed. The patient was clinically asymptomatic at a 6-month follow-up review. Six months after the surgery, the lesion was healing well, and no periapical radiolucency was observed on radiographic examination. The digitally designed directional template worked in all aspects to facilitate the periapical surgery as anticipated. The root ends were accurately located and resected. The surgical procedure was simplified, and the treatment efficiency was improved. This technique minimized the damage and reduced iatrogenic injury.
Barriers to the Provision and Utilization of Palliative Care in Africa: A Rapid Scoping Review

Palliative care (PC) has continued to be less available, underutilized, and unintegrated in many of the healthcare systems, especially in Africa. This scoping review synthesized existing published papers on adult PC in Africa, to report the barriers to PC and to assess the methodologies used in these studies. Eight electronic databases and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant studies published between 2005 and 2018. Overall, 42 publications (34 empirical studies and 9 reviews) that reported issues related to barriers to adult PC were selected. Three themes identified were individual-level, system-level, and relational barriers. The studies reviewed predominantly utilized cross-sectional and retrospective study design, underscoring the need for more studies employing qualitative design. Findings highlight the need for health education, training opportunities, more funding, communication, and timely referral. Future works could focus on underlying factors to these barriers and ethno-religious perspectives to PC in Africa.
Effects of selenization conditions on densification of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films prepared by spray deposition of CIGS nanoparticles

Spray deposited porous CIGS nanoparticle-derivedthin films were selenized in a two zone rapid thermal annealing furnace and effects of various selenization parameters including Se evaporation temperature, flow rate of carrier gas, and substrate temperature on densification of the CIGS layers were investigated. It was found that higher Se supply to CIGS nanoparticles either by increasing Se evaporation temperature or by increasing the flow rate of carrier gas resulted in larger CIGS grains with higher degree of crystallinity, while it also induced formation of a thicker MoSe 2 layer in-between CIGS and Mo which resulted in partial detachment of CIGS / MoSe 2 / Mo layers from the glass substrate. Densification of CIGS layer by growth of nanoparticles and formation of thick MoSe 2 were explained by a liquid Se assisted reaction rather than by a vapor phase Se assisted reaction.
GLCs TRANFORMATION PROGRAM, AUDIT COMMITTEE AND FINANCIAL REPORTING QUALITY: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA

Purpose : The main objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the GLCs Transformation Program through their audit committee and financial reporting quality. Design/methodology/approach : The sample consists of 20 GLCs. A logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association of between dependent variable, pre or post transformation program and the independent variables of audit committee characteristics (Discretionary accruals (DACC), AC independent, AC size, AC frequency meeting and AC expertise). Findings : Results show that the GLCs for post transformation are likely to have higher number of AC independence in ensuring audit committee effectiveness as recommended by the Green Book to improve their financial reporting quality. However, no evidence was found to support the effect of audit committee meetings, audit committee size and audit committee expertise on the board effectiveness subsequent to post transformation program. Research limitations/implications : Apart from contributing to the literature on the effectiveness of the audit committee on the financial reporting quality subsequent to the transformation program, this study provides valuable information in making recommendations for better corporate governance practices, especially to strengthen board effectiveness among GLCs. Originality/value : The current study seeks to investigate the effectiveness of the GLCs Transformation Program through their audit committee and financial reporting quality.
Vegetable oil-based thermosetting polymers.

Vegetable oils are excellent renewable raw materials for thermosetting polymers. By the direct polymerization of triglyceride C=C, we obtained organic-inorganic hybrid materials with promising properties for optical applications by the hydrosilylation of alkenyl-terminated fatty acid derivatives. The presence of double bonds in triglycerides makes it possible to attach some functional groups through chemical modification, and we describe various chemical pathways for functionalizing triglycerides and fatty acids. Epoxidation is one of the most interesting chemical modifications that leads to epoxidized vegetable oils. We report the preparation of biobased polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes-nanocomposites from epoxidized linseed oil. Moreover, we describe the preparation of a new family of epoxidized methyl oleate-based polyether polyols, which were used in the synthesis of polyurethanes with specific applications: silicon-containing polyurethanes with enhanced flame-retardant properties and polyurethane networks with potential applications in biomedicine. An enone-containing triglyceride derivative was obtained, by an environmentally friendly chemical procedure from high oleic sunflower oil that could be cross-linked with diamines. In a similar way, triglycerides containing secondary allylic alcohols can be obtained that can be further functionalized with acrylate or phosphorus-containing derivatives to obtain flame-retardant thermosets.
Vacuum heat-treatment for activation of glassy carbon electrodes

Le traitement thermique d'une electrode de carbone vitreux, a 725°C sous vide pousse (<2.10 −6 Torr) permet d'obtenir une electrode active vis-a-vis de l'oxydoreduction du ferro-ferricyanure et pour l'oxydation d'acide ascorbique
C and N availability affects the 15N natural abundance of the soil microbial biomass across a cattle manure gradient

The availability of C and N to the soil microbial biomass is an important determinant of the rates of soil N transformations. Here, we present evidence that changes in C and N availability affect the 15N natural abundance of the microbial biomass relative to other soil N pools. We analysed the 15N natural abundance signature of the chloroform‐labile, extractable, NO3–, NH4+ and soil total N pools across a cattle manure gradient associated with a water reservoir in semiarid, high‐desert grassland. High levels of C and N in soil total, extractable, NO3–, NH4+ and chloroform‐labile fractions were found close to the reservoir. The δ15N value of chloroform‐labile N was similar to that of extractable (organic + inorganic) N and NO3– at greater C availability close to the reservoir, but was 15N‐enriched relative to these N‐pools at lesser C availability farther away. Possible mechanisms for this variable 15N‐enrichment include isotope fractionation during N assimilation and dissimilation, and changes in substrate use from a less to a more 15N‐enriched substrate with decreasing C availability.
LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS. 3. SYNTHESIS AND LIQUID CRYSTAL PROPERTIES OF THERMOTROPIC POLY(ARYLIDENE-ETHER)S AND COPOLYMERS CONTAINING CYCLOALKANONE MOIETY IN THE POLYMER BACKBONE

Two novel series of poly(arylidene-ether)s and copoly(aryl-idene-ether)s were synthesized by polycondensation of 4,4′-diformyl-α,ω-diphenoxyalkane and 4,4′-diformyl-2,2′-dimeth-oxy-α,ω-diphenoxyalkane with cyclohexanone and/or cyclo-pentanone. The inherent viscosity of the polymers and copolymers thus prepared were in the range of 0.42–1.27 dL/g. The phase behavior of these polymers was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical polarizing microscopy using a heated stage, and thermogravimetric analyses. Almost all the polymers and copolymers exhibited thermotropic liquid crystalline properties. In most cases, the mesophase extends up to 310°C, where thermal decomposition prevents further observation. Methoxy substituents, on the benzene ring of these polymers, lower the transition temperature significantly. The morphology of polymer IXf was examined by scanning electronic microscope.
Fabrication, performances, and reaction mechanism of urea–formaldehyde resin adhesive with isocyanate

In order to improve the performances of urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin adhesive and reduce formaldehyde emission, the isocyanate was applied to modify the UF resin adhesive. The effects of the composition ratio of the isocyanate/UF resin on the thermal stability and molecular structure of the composite adhesive were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analyzer. The results showed that the appropriate addition of the isocyanate into the UF resin is favorable to improve the performances of the composite adhesive due to the chemical cross-linking reaction of the isocyanate with UF. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism of the UF resin adhesive with isocyanate was analyzed in detail. These research results can be applied to aid materials engineering design for the development of new adhesive, quality assurance, and characterization assessment of durability.
High‐temperature pre‐conditioning of rapeseed: A polyphenol‐enriched oil and the effect of refining

In this work, a pretreatment process for rapeseeds, which involves the use of high-temperature steam, is presented. This method, besides accomplishing the beneficial effects of the conventional industrial thermal treatment, leads to an enrichment of some important minor compounds (polyphenols and phosphatides) in the resulting oil. Rapeseeds were pretreated at different operative conditions. Then, the seeds were pressed and the press-cake was solvent extracted. The obtained oils were then refined by both chemical and physical refining techniques, and the influence of each refining step on the content of minor compounds was evaluated. The results show that the amounts of polyphenols and phospholipids present in the oil coming from pretreated seeds increase and that their concentrations depend on the conditioning time. The polyphenols present in the oil correspond mostly to 2,6-dimethoxy-4-vinylphenol (vinylsyringol). The content of polyphenols was only slightly reduced during degumming. Neutralization resulted in a complete removal of these minor compounds. For the physical refining process, the type and amount of bleaching clay used had a significant influence on the content of polyphenols. After deodorization, oil samples with a considerable amount of polyphenols were obtained. These samples show a higher oxidative stability than chemically refined oils.