Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diatom indices in the biological assessment of the water quality based on the example of a small lowland river

The aim of the study was to compare the biological analyzes of the Linda River (Central Poland), which were based on three diatom indices: IO, GDI and IPS in order to select the best diatom index for the biological assessment of the lotic water quality. Additionally, the summary of the selected results of the biological and chemical analyzes was presented to show how precise the biological analyzes are as a basic tool in the assessment of the ecological status of the lotic waters. The results showed that each of the indices assessed the water in the Linda River to a specific but different quality class. The IO index showed class II of the water quality, while the IPS and GDI — class III. Statistical analysis conducted with the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test for independent samples (Kruskal, Wallis 1952) showed that differences in the values of individual indices at different sites were not statistically significant. It should be noticed that the IPS and GDI indices gave values that classify the water in the Linda River at least one class below. The obtained results confirmed that the biological methods are most reliable in the assessment of the water quality. These methods are less sensitive to a single impact of the environmental factors, therefore they permit accurate determination of the ecological status of the water ecosystems.
Dyckia tubifilamentosa (Pitcairnioideae-Bromeliaceae): a new species from Northeastern Brazil

Dyckia tubifilamentosa Wand. & G. Sousa is described and illustrated. It differs from the other species of the genus Dyckia by several distinctive characters, namely: the ovoid shape of the flower buds, the long and exserted staminal tube formed from completely connate white filaments, the anther initially connivent and then divergent, along with the fruit with partially persistent perianth. Dyckia tubifilamentosa is found in some areas of the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil (Piaui State), growing in the Caatinga and transitional Caatinga-Cerrado biomes.
Characterization of Two Sibling Species of the Genus Stylonychia (Ciliata, Hypotricha): S. mytilus Ehrenberg, 1838 and S. lemnae n. sp. II. Biochemical Characterization†

The two closely related hypotrichous ciliate species, Stylonychia lemnae and S. mytilus, have been compared with respect to their isoenzyme patterns, their macronuclear DNA banding patterns, and micronuclear DNA banding patterns after restriction enzyme digestion. Since macronuclear DNA contains mainly protein-coding sequences and since the micronuclear DNA patterns represent mainly the repetitive fraction of the genome, these results, together with the isoenzyme patterns, reflect differences on three different levels of molecular evolution between morphologically very similar species. Each of the three methods allows an unequivocal identification of each of the two species. Intraspecific variation seems to be greatest among the repetitive sequences of the micronuclear genomes. By using the isoenzyme data and the formula of Nei (19) the genetic distance between the two species is calculated and compared with the results from other protozoa and different Drosophila species. Despite their morphological similarity, the two species show a considerable amount of evolutionary divergence on the three molecular levels which have been investigated.
PENGGUNAAN GAWAI, INTERAKSI IBU-ANAK, DAN PERKEMBANGAN SOSIAL-EMOSIONAL ANAK PRASEKOLAH

Di era digital seperti saat ini, lingkungan anak dihadapkan dengan teknologi yang dapat memengaruhi perkembangannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik anak, karakteristik keluarga, penggunaan gawai, dan interaksi ibu-anak terhadap perkembangan sosial-emosional anak. Penelitian ini melibatkan 122 keluarga yang memiliki anak usia prasekolah yang dipilih secara acak. Lokasi penelitian dipilih secara purposive, yaitu di Kelurahan Kedung Badak, Kecamatan Tanah Sareal, Kota Bogor. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan alat bantu kuesioner dan selanjutnya dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif dan uji regresi linear berganda. Penggunaan gawai anak terdiri dari durasi penggunaan, tingkat ketergantungan, dan kontrol orang tua. Hasil uji regrsi linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa meningkatnya tingkat ketergantungan anak pada gawai dapat menurukan perkembangan sosial-emosional anak, sedangkan meningkatnya interaksi ibu-anak dapat meningkatkan perkembangan sosial-emosional anak. Sementara itu, usia anak dan besar keluarga berpengaruh positif terhadap perkembangan sosial-emosional anak tetapi pendidikan ibu berpengaruh negatif terhadap perkembangan sosial-emosional anak. Untuk itu, orang tua hendaknya mengupayakan agar anak tidak menggunakan gawai terlalu sering dan lebih banyak memberikan kesempatan anak untuk bermain dan bersosialisasi. Pemerintah juga diharapkan dapat memanfaatkan program yang Posyandu dan Bina Keluarga Balita (BKB) untuk mengedukasi orang tua terkait pengasuhan di era digital, khususnya pengasuhan untuk anak usia prasekolah.
Biological Characteristics of Northern Pikeminnow in the Lower Columbia and Snake Rivers before and after Sustained Exploitation

Abstract We describe the response of northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis to a sustained removal program in the lower Columbia and Snake rivers. We compared catch rates of fish 250 mm fork length and larger before and after implementation of removals and examined relationships between catch rates and year-class strength. We also describe the response of mortality rates, relative weight, growth, and fecundity to sustained removals. Although annual exploitation of northern pikeminnow at least 250 mm long averaged 12.1% from 1991 to 1996, we found no evidence that surviving northern pikeminnow compensated for removals. In some areas, catch rates decreased in response to removals; however, we found no trend of increased relative weight, growth, or fecundity. Estimates of mortality were higher than those reported prior to removals, and variations in mortality generally corresponded to variations in annual exploitation rates. Our estimates of relative weight, growth, and fecundity were similar to estim.
Nigerian Undergraduates’ Awareness of Metadiscourse and its Relationship with their Persuasive Writing Quality

Persuasive writing in second (L2) or Foreign Language (FL) is found to be a very challenging task for many undergraduates. Metadiscourse are devices used to help writers to make a connection with the audience and express ideas clearly. However, many Nigerian undergraduates are not fully aware of or do not appropriately utilise these devices in their writing. Also, little attention has been paid to the devices by researchers in the Nigerian context. Therefore, this study investigates undergraduates’ awareness of metadiscourse and its relationship with their persuasive writing performance using a correlational research design. An intact class of 56 third-year undergraduates in a local university in Nigeria was selected for the study. Data for the study were collected through a writing task in English, and a questionnaire. The essays were graded using a validated scale. The questionnaire was analysed using SPSS software. Findings of the study show that the participants have a low awareness of metadiscourse. The findings also reveal that there is a positive relationship between the participants’ awareness of metadiscourse and their persuasive writing quality. The study gives insight to researchers and lecturers, not only in the language field but in other areas, on how to improve the students’ awareness and use of metadiscourse which would eventually develop writing performance. Finally, the study makes some recommendations for further studies.
Differential localization of two acid proteinases in germinating barley (Hordeum vulgare) seed

A cathepsin D-like aspartic proteinase (EC 3.4.23) is abundant in ungerminated barley (Hordeum vulgare) seed while a 30 kDa cysteine endoproteinase (EC 3.4.22) is one of the proteinases synthesized de novo in the germinating seed. In this work, the localization of these two acid proteinases was studied at both the tissue and subcellular levels by immunomicroscopy. The results confirm that they have completely different functions. The aspartic proteinase was present in the ungerminated seed and, during germination, it appeared in all the living tissues of the grain, including the shoot and root. Contrary to previous suggestions, it was not observed in the starchy endosperm. By immunoblotting, the high molecular mass form of the enzyme (32 + 16 kDa) was found in all the living tissues, whereas the low molecular mass form (29 + 11 kDa) was not present in the shoot or root, indicating that the two enzyme forms have different physiological roles. The aspartic proteinase was localized first in the scutellar protein bodies of germinating seed, and later in the vacuoles which are formed by fusion of the protein bodies. In contrast to the aspartic proteinase, the expression of the 30 kDa cysteine proteinase began during the first germination day, and it was secreted into the starchy endosperm; first from the scutellum and later from the aleurone layer. It was not found in either shoots or roots. The 30 kDa cysteine proteinase was detected in the Golgi apparatus and in the putative secretory vesicles of the scutellar epithelium. These results suggest that the aspartic proteinase functions only in the living tissues of the grain, as opposed to the 30 kDa cysteine proteinase which is apparently one of the proteases initiating the hydrolysis of storage proteins in the starchy endosperm.
Toward a new instrument for identifying the Italian hotspots of biodiversity: A case study of the amphibians and reptiles of Sicily

Abstract A rapid improvement of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and geostatistic procedures has occurred in recent decades. Such technology has become an essential instrument for conservation biology. Several methods have been developed for modelling the potential distribution of species by defining the species–environment interactions. This paper proposes a new approach for identifying biodiversity hotspots in Italy. Data (2894) relative to the distribution of 20 species in Sicily derived from the CKmap databank were used. The algorithm MAXENT was applied for predicting the potential distribution of these species within Sicily utilizing climate, land cover, and human impact variables as environmental predictors. The specific distributions were overlapped and spatially summed, through a GIS-assisted overlay technique, for predicting the number of herptiles species across the area of interest with a spatial resolution of 30” of geographic degree. The models produced obtained highly variable validation scores, from relatively low values (Podarcis sicula: AUC = 0.647) up to very good results (Zamenis situlus: AUC = 0.862) according to ecological requirements of the species and faunistic data availability. The northwestern and southeastern coastal and sub-coastal areas were identified as the most species-rich zones of Sicily, and their importance as the priority targets of conservation initiatives was discussed.
Phenotypic and genetic structure of interbreeding populations of the diatom Tabularia fasciculata (Bacillariophyta)

Kaczmarska I. , Ehrman J.M. , Moniz M.B. J. and Davidovich N. 2009. Phenotypic and genetic structure of interbreeding populations of the diatom Tabularia fasciculata (Bacillariophyta). Phycologia 48: 391–403. DOI: 10.2216/08-74.1. Diatom alpha-taxonomy heavily relies on the discontinuity in variation of species-specific structures in siliceous components of the cell wall. However, considerable intraspecific variability of valve morphology is to be expected because of the peculiar mode of diatom valve genesis during the tenure of the asexual part of the diatom life cycle. Here we evaluated variation in valve morphology among 66 Canadian and three Ukrainian clones of the diatom Tabularia fasciculata. Valve length, width, number of striae in 10 µm and number of rimoportulae per valve were enumerated for all clones. Forty-five Canadian and three Ukrainian clones were crossed and their sexual identity determined. Nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 and 5.8S rDNA gene sequences were used to evaluate genetic variability of the clones. Our data show consistent phenotypic (at least two phenodemes ‘n’ and ‘w’) and genetic (two genodemes, ‘A’ and ‘B’) differentiation within one gamodeme (sexually compatible clones) in Canadian populations of T. fasciculata. The distribution of phenogenodemes is not continuous, even or random; a specific morphology strongly correlates a specific genotype, A and B, both members of the same gamodeme, with just a few exceptions. Specifically, width, striae density and rimoportulae number conform well (though not perfectly) to a specific genotype; only four mismatches were found among clones examined. Crimean members of the n phenodeme were morphologically and genetically very similar to those in Canada despite separation by thousands of kilometers. This is the first documented relationship between pheno- and genotype for an araphid species for which morphological, molecular and breeding data are also provided.
Inspiring from SDN to Efficiently Deploy IoT Applications in the Cloud/Fog/IoT ecosystem

Billion of devices are connected to the internet nowadays, more are coming in the future. Cisco assumes that 50 billion devices will be connected by 2020. It is quite difficult to manage and control the exchange of the huge amount of data generated from those connected devices. Thus the need for a new more intelligent Internet of Things (IoT) architecture for large scale networks. Based on the above needs and challenges of the IoT, Software Defined Networking (SDN) seems to be an excellent key solution. Thus, using the concepts of SDN, we aim to reduce the complexity of traditional IoT networks, this means that recent IoT networks will be more programmable, managed and controlled by software. In this work, we provide an architectural model combining SDN and IoT, and a mathematical formulation of the controller placement problem as a linear integer program optimization. At the end, we present some simulation results to show the advantages of this integration.
Genetic Variation and Population Structure of Pacific Ocean Perch (Sebastes alutus)

We conducted an allozyme analysis of 27 collections representing over 1500 individuals of Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus). Data were gathered from 25 presumptive loci of which 20% were polymorphic. Average observed heterozygosity was 0.069. Samples originated from throughout the commercially important range of the species from the Washington coast to the Bering Sea. Pacific ocean perch are highly similar throughout the range, with only a slight amount of population differentiation (FST = 0.023). However, a cline of gene frequencies within the Gulf of Alaska exists at Ada2, and there are significant frequency differences between the extremes of the range for several additional loci. There is no evidence of an interruption of gene flow between the western Gulf of Alaska and the Bering Sea. Stock delineations based on age structure, age–length relationships, and ages at maturity were not supported by the allozyme data and are either influenced by nongenetic environmental factors or are under a selectiv.
ESTIMATING SURVIVAL AND TEMPORARY EMIGRATION IN THE MULTISTATE CAPTURE–RECAPTURE FRAMEWORK

The open population Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) capture–mark–recapture model for estimating survival allows for random temporary emigration from the sampling area, but Markovian temporary emigration can bias estimates of survival. We explore a multistate capture–recapture model that has been proposed for coping with Markovian temporary emigration. We provide a comprehensive assessment of the performance of this model using computer algebra and simulation. We found that most model parameters were identifiable unless survival, emigration, and immigration were all time dependent. Simulation results showed that intrinsically identifiable parameters were estimated without bias and that precision of survival estimates was always high. When temporary emigration was Markovian, precision of estimates of emigration, immigration, and recapture probabilities was acceptable; otherwise it was not. Test component 2.Ct of the goodness-of-fit test for the CJS model had good power to detect Markovian temporary emigration. We conclude that the multistate model works well when temporary emigration is Markovian (i.e., when the CJS model should not be used) and when survival and recapture probabilities are high.
The effect of starvation and subsequent feeding on the reproductive potential of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae

The short‐term starvation tolerance of alate and apterous morphs and the effect of periods of starvation on the longevity and fecundity of alate adults were evaluated in the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Alate adults exhibited a proportionally larger length of survival compared with apterous adults under continuous starvation conditions. Newly molted pre‐reproductive adults were starved for 0–96 h and their survival rate on the 1st day after recovering with food was not significantly different from that of control aphids. Starvation reduced lifetime fecundity, but increased the reproductive rate immediately after nutrition being improved. Fecundity and longevity after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of starvation were significantly higher than after 120 or 144 h of starvation. However, no significant differences were observed for alate adults after 24, 48, 72, or 96 h of starvation. This study suggests that the ability of alatae to adapt to brief periods of starvation could be one of the important factors affecting the reproductive success of aphids during delays in locating host plants.
Rapid Postnatal Upregulation of Intestinal FXR-FGF19 Signalling in Premature Pigs.

OBJECTIVES Bile acid (BA) homeostasis is regulated by intestinal cellular signaling involving the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) secretion. Using preterm and term pigs as a model, we examined postnatal changes in expression of the FXR-FGF19 axis that is poorly characterized in human infants. METHODS Pigs delivered by cesarean-section at 10 d preterm and near full term (115 d gestation) were fitted with orogastric and umbilical arterial catheters. Pigs were fed combined parenteral nutrition and minimal enteral nutrition for 5 d, followed by milk formula until 26 d. Plasma and tissue samples were collected at d 0, 5, 11, and 26. Plasma FGF19 concentration and liver and distal intestinal gene expression of FGF19 and other FXR target genes were quantified. RESULTS Plasma FGF19 levels were lower in preterm vs. term newborn pigs (P < 0.05), increased markedly by 5 d, especially in preterm pigs, and decreased in both groups until d 26. Likewise, intestinal FXR and FGF19 expression was lower (P ≤ 0.05) in premature vs term newborn pigs and decreased (P ≤ 0.05) between d 5 and 26. Hepatic expression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) was inversely correlated with plasma FGF19 in both groups. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the activity of FXR-FGF19 axis is lower in preterm than in term newborn pigs but increases transiently and then declines by the first month of age. We also provide supportive evidence of negative feedback between plasma FGF19 and hepatic CYP7A1 expression.
Solutions of nonlinear time-fractional wave-like equations with variable coefficients in the form of mittag-leffler functions

The purpose of this paper is to use a modi ed method called fractional Elzaki projected differential transform method (FEPDTM) which is a combination of two powerful methods, the Elzaki transform and projected di¤erential transform method for giving the solutions of nonlinear wave-like di¤erential equations with variable coefficients in the form of Mittag-le­ er functions. The fractional derivative is described in the Caputo sense. Three numerical examples are presented to illustrate the applicability and the easiness of this approach.
GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA E EMPRESAS FAMILIARES EM PROCESSO SUCESSÓRIO: a visão de consultores e de famílias empresárias

The studies on family companies have significantly increased in the past years, indicating the succession relevance for the longevity of these companies to future generations. Corporate governance has been presented as a transparent monitoring alternative in the succession process. Its acceptance by members of family companies, however, is not easy due to the lack of information regarding its actual effectiveness. Aiming to describe and analyze corporate governance in family businesses from the point of view of consultants and members of the family businesses, an exploratory research was developed on a qualitative basis that highlighted the theory concerning corporate governance in relation to family businesses. The collection of
Production of all eight genotypes of null alleles at ‘waxy’ loci in bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L.

Null alleles of the three loci coding for ‘waxy’ proteins in bread wheat have been identified. Plants carrying different null alleles were collected and segregation of the null alleles in both selfed and doubled haploid progeny of plants simultaneously heterozygous for the null alleles at each of the three loci were examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Mendelian segregation of these alleles in both types of progeny was shown, indicating that they can easily be utilized in breeding programmes. Iodine staining of the eight possible null phenotypes showed that only the triple null type had zero amylose in its endosperm starch.
Effects of Study Population, Labeling and Training on Glaucoma Detection Using Deep Learning Algorithms

Purpose To compare performance of independently developed deep learning algorithms for detecting glaucoma from fundus photographs and to evaluate strategies for incorporating new data into models. Methods Two fundus photograph datasets from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study/African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study and Matsue Red Cross Hospital were used to independently develop deep learning algorithms for detection of glaucoma at the University of California, San Diego, and the University of Tokyo. We compared three versions of the University of California, San Diego, and University of Tokyo models: original (no retraining), sequential (retraining only on new data), and combined (training on combined data). Independent datasets were used to test the algorithms. Results The original University of California, San Diego and University of Tokyo models performed similarly (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.96 and 0.97, respectively) for detection of glaucoma in the Matsue Red Cross Hospital dataset, but not the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study/African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study data (0.79 and 0.92; P < .001), respectively. Model performance was higher when classifying moderate-to-severe compared with mild disease (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.98 and 0.91; P < .001), respectively. Models trained with the combined strategy generally had better performance across all datasets than the original strategy. Conclusions Deep learning glaucoma detection can achieve high accuracy across diverse datasets with appropriate training strategies. Because model performance was influenced by the severity of disease, labeling, training strategies, and population characteristics, reporting accuracy stratified by relevant covariates is important for cross study comparisons. Translational Relevance High sensitivity and specificity of deep learning algorithms for moderate-to-severe glaucoma across diverse populations suggest a role for artificial intelligence in the detection of glaucoma in primary care.