Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study to evalute the effect of ultrasound and stretching versus ulrasound and stretching and strengthening to relieve pain and improve grip strength in lateral epicondyltis an experimental study

A study to evaluate the effect of ultrasound and stretching versus ultrasound and stretching and strengthening to relieve pain and improve grip strength in lateral epicondylitis. The study included 40 subjects with lateral epicondylitis. The subjects who fulfil the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. Informed consent was obtained from the subjects then the patients were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A and group B having 20 subjects in each group. Pre-treatment assessments of pain and grip strength were recorded for both the groups. Visual analogue scale and hand-held dynamometer to measure pain and grip strength. Brief introduction was given about ultrasound, stretching and strengthening exercise. In group A received treatment of ultrasound and stretching. Group B received treatment of ultrasound, stretching and strengthening exercise. On the same assessment parameters, after 2 weeks of the treatment and post treatment assessment of pain and grip strength were taken, at the end of 4 week for both the groups, for comparison with pre-treatment assessment data and 2weeks after the treatment data. At end of 2 weeks group A showed 9.35% change and group B 23.22% change which is statistically significance as p=0.000<0.01 and end of 4 weeks of treatment group A showed 16.71% and group B 47.06% change which is statistically significance as p=0.000<0.01. So, group B is highly effective compare to group A in improvement of grip strength. At end of 2 weeks group A showed 32.64% change and group B 38.19% change which is statistically significance as p=0.000<0.01 and end of 4 weeks of treatment group A showed 61.81% and group B 71.53% change which is statistically significance as p=0.000<0.01. So, group B is highly effective compare to group A in reduction of pain level. At the end of 4 weeks of treatment after analysing the result, it had been found that ultrasound, stretching and strengthening exercise significantly reduced symptoms of lateral epicondylitis by minimizing pain and improve grip strength in group B. Parallel treatment observed by comparison of ultrasound and stretching exercise showed significance in controlling the pain and no significance in enhancing grip strength in group A.
An Approach to Operationalize Regulative Norms in Multiagent Systems

Multiagent systems have emerged as a promising approach to develop information systems that clearly require several goal-oriented problem-solving entities [Jennings et al., 1998]. Following this direction, it is believed that upcoming information systems will be implemented as open multiagent systems, in which agents (their entities) can freely migrate among those systems in order to obtain resources or services not found locally. A multiagent system(s) (hereinafter referenced as MAS1) is/are an example of an open system in which the actions of heterogeneous, self-interested agents may deviate from the expected behavior in a context. Openness has led to dynamic software systems that have no centralized control and that are composed of autonomous entities [Hewitt, 1991]. Key characteristics of such systems are heterogeneity, conflicting individual goals and limited trust [Artikis et al., 2002]. As stated in [Esteva et al., 2004], “openness without control may lead to chaotic behavior”. In order to be a viable solution for dynamic software systems, MAS must be enhanced with norms for defining which actions are permitted, obliged and prohibited to be performed by agents so that the system does not reach an undesirable state. A permitted norm defines that an action is allowed to be performed; an obliged norm defines that an action must be performed; and, a prohibited norm defines that an action must not be performed. Permissions and prohibitions are used to describe positive/negative authorizations, whereas obligations are used to describe responsibilities [Kagal and Finin, 2007]. These three types of norms represent the three fundamental deontic statuses of an action [Alberti et al., 2006] from deontic logic [Wright, 1951] and they are logically connected as presented by the following statements: If an action is permitted, then, it is not prohibited; If an action is obligatory, then, it is permitted and it is not prohibited; If an action is prohibited, then, it is not obligatory and it is not permitted;
Organizational designs for managing incremental and radical innovation

1 List of figures . 3 List of tables . 3 Acknowledgements . 4 Introduction . 5 Organizational designs for innovation . 9 Functional Design . 9 Unsupported Teams . 10 Cross-Functional Teams . 10 Ambidextrous Organization . 11 Method . 12 Participants . 13 Overview of the sample and its representatives . 14 Data Collection . 16 Results . 19 Cross-Functional Teams . 22 Össur . 22 Marel . 23 Functional Design . 24 EFLA. 24 Síminn . 25 ORF . 26
Mining Data to Find Adept Teachers in Dealing with Students

Higher education faculty staffs lack behind any prior training program of teaching. Mostly staffs teach students in his/her ways. They are unaware of the qualities of a teacher which they must possess as how to tackle the problems arising in teaching, what key points must be remembered while teaching etc. This may cause a teacher to be unsuccessful in classroom. So the problem is the amount of knowledge a staff has of a teaching process. Educationist finds few qualities of a good teacher. But their method is qualitative. In this paper a quantitative approach i.e. data mining is used to measure the quality of a teacher and suggest them what qualities they have.
Career Concern as Predictor of Turnover intention: Empirical Evidence from Education Industry

Retaining the best employees is of high concern for most organizations and this issue has become a significant focus of attention for many researchers. For this reason, there is the necessity to investigate the factors which influence the employee turnover intention behavior in the organization, specifically to examine the effect of Career concern on turnover intention. Career concern was conceptualized by Adult Career Concern Inventory (ACCI) which used to measure and operationalized the Career concern variable. Data was collected to investigate the relationships in a sample of 270 full time faculty members employed in different private universities of Pakistan. The Finding of this paper indicated that career concern has been found as one of the most important predictor of employee turnover intention. This implies that, if employees are highly concerned about their career (i.e. the progression of their career) they are more likely to leave their current organization, especially if their prospect of advancing their career is not clear or non-existence.
Analytical and Numerical Investigation of Lacing Wire Damage Induced Mistuning in Turbine Blade Packet

Investigations of modal parameters for a mistuned packet of turbine blades due to lacing wire damage are reported using analytical and numerical studies with a simplified model. The turbine blade is assumed to be an Euler-Bernoulli beam connected with a lacing wire which is modeled as a mass less linear elastic spring. Thus, the blade is considered as a continuous system and lacing wire as a discrete system. The analytical results using Eigen value analysis are compared with numerical results obtained using commercial finite element package. In real life situation, though not reported in the literature, it is the failure of lacing wire that occurs quite often compared to the turbine blade and acts as precursor to the subsequent blade damage if it goes undetected. Therefore, studying the modal parameters of the grouped turbine blades in the context of lacing wire failure becomes important. The effect of variation of lacing wire location and stiffness indicative of damage resulting in the loss of stiffness on modal parameters is investigated. The study reveals a lot of fundamental understandings pertaining to dynamic behavior of grouped blades compared to the stand-alone blade under the influence of damaged lacing wire.
World and Bangladesh Rice Market Integration: An Application of Threshold Cointegration and Threshold Vector Error Correction Model (TVECM)

This paper analysed the market integration between international and domestic market of rice covering the period of agricultural trade liberalization in Bangladesh. Policy makers are interested to know whether price changes in the world market are transmitted to the domestic market when there are some non-trade factors other than the trade liberalization that might affect the rice markets to be integrated. We used a threshold cointegration and threshold vector error correction model (TVECM) of Hansen and Seo (2002) to account for the affects of transaction cost (which is very substantial in the case of the developing countries) in the market integration. We found from Supremum Lagrange Multiplier (SupLM) test that Bangladesh rice market is partially integrated with the counterpart `world market`. Only one-third of the world price changes are got transmitted to domestic market. We also have found that the presence of the transaction cost affects in the rice market integration. So, it is clear that trade liberalization bring its expected outcomes for markets to be integrated but liberalization alone is not enough to explore the maximum benefit, there are some other factors such as non-tariff barriers and trade facilitations that should be seriously taken into consideration by the policy makers.
Comparison of Two Methods in the Detection of Cryptosporidium in Pigs in Ogun State, Nigeria

Two diagnostic methods, a modified Kinyoun’s acid-fast staining technique and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in porcine faeces were compared regarding their sensitivities. Of the 209 faecal samples examined, Cryptosporidium spp. was detected significantly higher (p<0.05) by ELISA (31.1%) than the acidfast staining method (16.3%). The sensitivities of the ELISA and acid-fast staining techniques were 100.0% and 52.3% respectively. The ELISA is therefore a preferable method than microscopy for detection of Cryptosporidium spp.
Protecting Software Codes By Guards

Protection of software code against illegitimate modi cations by its users is a pressing issue to many software developers. Many softwarebased mechanisms for protecting program code are too weak (e.g., they have single points of failure) or too expensive to apply (e.g., they incur heavy runtime performance penalty to the protected programs). In this paper, we present and explore a methodology that we believe can protect program integrity in a more tamperresilient and exible manner. Our approach is based on a distributed scheme, in which protection and tamper-resistance of program code is achieved, not by a single security module, but by a network of (smaller) security units that work together in the program. These security units, or guards, can be programmed to do certain tasks (checksumming the program code is one example) and a network of them can reinforce the protection of each other by creating mutual-protection. We have implemented a system for automating the process of installing Parts of this research were supported by CERIAS and the Purdue Research Foundation. guards into Win32 executables. 1 Experimental results show that memory space and runtime performance impacts incurred by guards can be kept very low (as explained later in the paper).
Market Microstructure: The Components of Black-Box

During the last few decades, market microstructure has become an important discipline within the field of finance. The market microstructure literatures have been enriched by theoretical, empirical and experimental studies relating to other areas of finance such as assets pricing, corporate finance, international finance and welfare. The processes and rules of exchanging securities are considered an important issue since they affect the way in which trades are determined, prices are formed and scope of asymmetric information. However, the ways of describing how exchange process occurs in the markets are varied. This paper determines the components of the market microstructure black-box in terms of trading mechanisms and regulations governing various aspects of trading process. Determining the components of the black-box allows researchers to identify and compare the themes in market microstructure and issues facing the process of trading securities. Thus, this paper may be used as a source for future research ideas in comparing the market microstructure of exchanges. It also provides necessary input to the regulatory bodies to enhance the design of better markets. Furthermore, understanding how markets work and how it regulated can improve the investors trading strategies and they can better manage the brokers who work for them as well as the investors will be able to predict how various rules affect price efficiency, liquidity, and trading profits.
The use of weather forecasts in the pricing of weather derivatives

We discuss how weather forecasts can be used in the pricing of weather derivatives and derive results for the most important types of weather index and contract. We show that calculating the expected payoff of linear contracts on linear indices requires only forecasts of the mean temperature over the contract period. Calculating the expected payoff of linear contracts on non‐linear indices requires forecasts of both the mean and the distribution of temperatures, but not of the dependence between temperature distributions on different days. Calculating the expected payoff of non‐linear contracts requires forecasts of the full multivariate distribution of temperature over the whole contract. For contracts that extend beyond the end of available forecasts, correlations between the forecast and post‐forecast periods must be taken into account when estimating this distribution. We present two methods by which this can be achieved, both of which combine information from climatological models of daily temperature with information from probabilistic forecasts. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society.
The Effect of Nutrient Release from Fish Farms on the Lower Trophic Levels of the Marine Food Web in North Patagonia, Chile

A mesocosm experiment was performed over 16 days during austral summer in 2010, in Northern Patagonia, Chile. Nutrients were added in 8 different concentrations along a gradient, simulating different levels of nutrients released by salmon farms. Nitrogen loading rate ranged from LN = 0 μg l-1 d-1 to LN = 42 μg l-1 d-1, and Silicate and Phosphorus were added in Redfield ratios. The goal of the study was to look at the effect of nutrient addition on the lower trophic levels of the marine pelagic food web represented by three groups of organisms: Phytoplankton, Ciliates and Copepods. Nutrient addition was found to have a very clear effect on chlorophyll a, POC and ciliate biomass, which showed a very clear linear increase with increasing loading rate. POC and chl a values showed that phytoplankton growth started immediately after nutrient addition. At the maximum level POC values had become 13 times larger than at the original level. Phytoplankton community composition, in the mesocosms with the highest loading rates, was found to shift from larger cells in the beginning of the experiment to smaller cells towards the end. Ciliate biomass was found to increase linearly with food concentration, indicating that ciliate population growth was closely tied to food availability. Ciliate biomass peaked on day 8 with 117 μg C l-1 found in the treatments with highest nutrient additions. A maximum of 91 ciliates ml-1 was found on day 16 during the experiment. Both these values are much higher than what has previously been reported in the area, indicating that ciliates might play a more important role in the Patagonian marine food web than previously thought. Copepod concentration and biomass were found to be uncorrelated to both nutrient addition and food concentration. This study found that nutrients released from fish farms have the potential to cause drastic increases in chl a and phytoplankton and ciliate biomass, as well as affect the community structure of phytoplankton.
Segregation measures and spatial autocorrelation - Location patterns of immigrant minorities in the Barcelona Region

Given the important growth of immigrants in Spain it would be interesting to study its distribution throughout the urban area. Statistics suggest different large traditional indices allowing to quantify the segregation of minority population groups. Segregation can be measured from the different points of view and a new segregation perspective can be obtained by the utilisation of innovative indices including spatial statistics elements, as well as local indicators of spatial association (LISA). Through the application of these tools on the Barcelona and its metropolitan region case, its utilities in the analysis of resident segregation in a town are shown and segregation patterns are found out. The results point out that the segregation differs depending on the observed group. The combination of all these measures represents a useful proceeding in the analysis of the distribution of immigrants in the urban zones and its convenience extends to the different areas like sociology, economics, city planning or housing policies.
Qualidade e valor nutritivo de silagens de capim-marandu (B. brizantha cv. Marandu) produzidas com aditivos ou forragem emurchecida

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the quality and nutritive value of marandugrass silages. It was evaluated the followings treatments: T1- forage without treatment (control); T2 - 10% of pelleted citric pulp (CiP); T3 - enzymatic bacterial additive (EBA) (SIL-ALL-C4 of Alltech) applied at 5 g/L of water/t of forage; T4 - Coarse chopped forage wilted for 4 hours under the sun. The grass was harvested with 60 days of regrowth (24% DM). The intake and digestibility evaluations were realized in 16 crossbred steers with 200 kg of BW, which received silage plus 1.0 kg of concentrate/animal/day. The EBA did not affect silage composition, but CiP addition and wilting increased the DM silage concentration from 24% (control) to 31 and 48%, respectively. The CiP decreased the NDF and ADF concentration in 12.0 and 4.0 percentage units, respectively. The CiP and wilting decreased the pH values (4.17 and 4.58) and N-NH3 concentration (6.78 and 7.99% TN) of the silages, respectively. Wilting resulted in higher animal intake (111.8 g/DM/LW0,75) compared to control or EBA treatments. Addition of CiP resulted in similar DM intake compared to other silages. The treatments did not affect nutrient digestibility, and the mean digestibility values for DM, CP, TCHO, NDF, ADF and TDN were 67.0, 65.4, 68.8, 63.0, 62.5, and 65.6%, respectively. Proteolysis was not reduced by EBA while CiP or wilting decreased this process, stimulating intake. Addition of CiP, wilting and EBA did not improve the nutritive value of marandugrass silage harvested with 24% DM.
Doppelgängers: Bijections of Plane Partitions

We say two posets are "doppelgangers" if they have the same number of $P$-partitions of each height $k$. We give a uniform framework for bijective proofs that posets are doppelgangers by synthesizing $K$-theoretic Schubert calculus techniques of H. Thomas and A. Yong with M. Haiman's rectification bijection and an observation of R. Proctor. Geometrically, these bijections reflect the rational equivalence of certain subvarieties of minuscule flag manifolds. As a special case, we provide the first bijective proof of a 1983 theorem of R. Proctor---that plane partitions of height $k$ in a rectangle are equinumerous with plane partitions of height $k$ in a trapezoid.
Taxable Income Differences Between Multinational and Domestic Corporations in Norway: A Panel Data Approach∗

In this paper regression analysis is used to investigate negative profitability differential between foreign and domestic companies in Norway. More years and industries are included in the sample compared to previous studies on Norwegian data. Panel data methods, allowing to get rid of get rid of unobserved heterogeneity across the firms, are applied, in addition to OLS used in most of the earlier literature. More accurate and detailed classification of firms into different foreignness categories is conducted that allows to ”refine” control group used for comparisons. The results indicate that multinational firms report around 30% lower profitability than comparable domestic firms. It has also been shown that profitability of domestic firms goes down by about 20% when they become multinational. This is after the most important characteristics and permanent differences between these two types of firms have been controlled for. The estimates of the profitability differential has been shown to be robust to different estimations methods used, as well as different definitions of foreignness and profitability measures. The differential found is consistent with profit shifting behavior by multinational companies in Norway, and would imply that profits are shifted out of Norway. The evidence provided cannot serve a direct proof of profit-shifting activities by multinational firms in Norway, but it strongly suggests that further research is warranted in order to get a better understanding of the problem of profit-shifting. ∗This study is an updated and extended version of my master thesis ”Profit-shifting in Norway: 1993-2005”, supervised by professor Jarle Moen and delivered to NHH in 2007. 1 SNF Working Paper No 05/10
Flowering biology and structure of floral nectaries in Galanthus nivalis L.

In Poland Galanthus nivalis L. is partially protected. The flowers of this species are one of the first sources of nectar and pollen for insects from February to April. The aim of this study was to present the flowering biology as well as the topography, anatomical, and ultrastructural features of the floral nectary. The flower lifespan, the breeding system, and the mass of pollen and nectar produced by the flowers were determined. Examination of the nectary structure was performed using light, fluorescence, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The flower of G. nivalis lives for about 30 days. The stamens and pistils mature simultaneously and during this time nectar is secreted. The anthers of one flower produced the large amount of pollen (4 mg). The breeding system of G. nivalis was found to be characterized by partial self-compatibility, outcrossing, and xenogamy. The nectary is located at the top of the inferior ovary. The nectary epidermal cells are characterized by striated cuticular ornamentation. Initially, the secreted nectar formed vesicle-like protuberances under the cuticle. The epidermal and parenchymal cells contain numerous plastids, mitochondria, dictyosomes, ER cisterns, and vesicles fused with the plasmalemma, which indicates granulocrine nectar secretion.