Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sources and Expectations for Hierarchical Structure in Bird-habitat Associations

Abstract Hierarchical structure in bird-habitat associations can arise from hierarchical structure in environmental variables and from the scale-dependent responses of birds to habitat. Hierarchical structure in environmental variables is expected to result from interactions between variables that differ in grain size (spatial resolution) and frequency, and should occur commonly. Birds cannot accurately sample habitat characteristics at all spatial scales simultaneously, and the habitat chosen for a given purpose may differ depending on whether a bird samples from high above the ground (which is best for sampling coarse-grained variables) or from ground level (which is best for sampling fine-grained variables). Additionally, birds may exhibit an absolute response to a habitat variable, if it is unsuitable beyond some threshold level, or a relative response, if all available habitat is suitable but some is preferred. Models that can represent hierarchical structure in habitat, as well as hierarchical, scale-dependent responses by birds, should provide researchers the best chance of understanding avian habitat associations.
Modeling and Control of Air Conditioning Loads for Consuming Distributed Energy Sources

This paper aims to tap the potential of air conditioning loads (ACLs) for consuming photovoltaic power (PV) and wind power (WP). By fully considering different thermal comfort of different users, an ACL twice-clustered model based on different ACL parameters and users tolerance values (UTV) is built. Then, a two-stage ACL control method based on both temperature control (TC) and switch control (SC) is proposed, which achieves rapid control of ACLs as well as diminishing users’ discomfort. Widely existent communication time delay in ACL control network causes obvious control error, which leads to ACL consumption deviation from the target. Therefore, on the basis of analyzing errors and impacts of ACLs caused by communication time delay, this paper proposes a time delay compensation method based on a network predictive control system. Applying the ACLs clustered model and the control method into consuming PV and WP, a dual-stage consumption model considering communication time delay is established. Simulations of the PV and WP consumption effects based on ACLs clusters are conducted, and the influence of SC cycle and outdoor temperature on the simulation results are analyzed. The simulation results demonstrate the validity of the model and the methods proposed in this paper, showing a strong adaptability in different circumstances.
NoDE: A Benchmark of Natural Language Arguments

In the latest years, natural models of argumentation and argument mining are becoming more and more important topics in the argumentation community. Given this tendency, there is the need to produce standard datasets on which natural language approaches to argumentation can be evaluated. In this paper, we present NoDE, a benchmark of natural language arguments composed of three datasets, built from different textual sources and annotated highlighting positive and negative connections between arguments.
Cloning and transcriptional control of a eucaryotic permease gene

The uracil permease gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned on a hybrid plasmid which replicates autonomously in both yeast and Escherichia coli. Cloning was carried out by complementation in yeast. The smallest DNA fragment found to complement the uracil permease deficiency in recipient yeast cells measured approximately 2.3 kilobases. In strains transformed by the plasmid with the uracil permease gene inserted, initial rates of uracil uptake increased up to 25 times more than the rates found in the wild type. Using DNA probes carrying several regions of the cloned gene, I showed that a strain carrying the dhul-I mutation, which is not linked to the permease structural gene and is responsible for enhanced uptake velocity of uracil, had enhanced transcription of the permease gene. By using DNA probes recloned in phage M13 mp7, the direction of transcription of the permease gene relative to the restriction map was deduced. A half-life of 2 min was found for the permease mRNA in labeling kinetics experiments.
Improved photochemotherapy of malignant cells with daunomycin and the KTP laser

Laser photochemotherapy of malignancies may become an effective palliative treatment for advanced had and neck cancer using light‐sensitive, chemotherapeutic drugs activated in tumors via interstitial laser fiberoptics. Previously, it was reported that cultured human P3 squamous cells incubated 2 hours with daunomycin (Dn) exhibited tenfold enhanced cytotoxicity after exposure to argon laser light at 514 nm. This short‐term uptake leads to drug localization in cytoplasmic and membrane sites prior to nuclear accumulation and daunomycin topoisomerase inhibition. In the current study phototoxicity of Dn‐sensitized human cancer cells was tested using broad‐spectrum white light compared to monochromatic green‐wavelength light. Drug uptake and laser energy levels were optimized for maximum synergy. To test light‐enhanced chemotherapy in vitro, the kinetics of cell uptake and toxicity of daunomycin was measured at 1, 2, and 5 μg/ml in three human tumor cell lines: P3 squamous‐cell carcinoma, M26 melanoma, and TE671 fibrosarcoma. After 2 hr Dn uptake, all cell lines were tested for phototherapy response by exposure to 300‐ to 900‐nm visible light from a xenon lamp or monochromatic 532‐nm green light from a KTP laser. When the KTP laser output was varied from 0 to 120 Joules in Dn‐sensitized tumor cells, a linear phototherapy response was seen with energy as low as 12 J inducing drug phototoxicity. These results provide evidence that daunomycin cytotoxicity is enhanced when exposed to 532‐nm laser illumination in the three tumor types tested and confirm that the response is related to both energy level and drug dose. Lasers Surg. Med. 23:33–39, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Difficulties of marking decision tree diagrams

Decision tree (DT) diagrams are one of the most commonly used data mining methods [1] [2]. This paper aims to identify and illustrate the difficulties of marking tree diagrams especially decision trees as they are a widely used and practical method for inductive inference and many students learn from them [3]. One of the difficulties of marking decision trees is the subjectivity of the marking process. The subjective nature of decision tree assessment leads to variation in marks given by different educator assessors, which is seen by the student as a great source of unfairness. The paper presents a preliminary effort to investigate requirements of marking decision trees. The results suggest the adoption of an automated assessment approach for decision trees.
Efficient TGF-β Induction of the Smad7 Gene Requires Cooperation between AP-1, Sp1, and Smad Proteins on the Mouse Smad7 Promoter*

Sma- and Mad-related protein 7 (Smad7) is an antagonist of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, which has been shown to be induced by TGF-β itself and also by other stimuli. In an effort to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of the Smad7 gene by TGF-β, we cloned and functionally characterized a mouse genomic DNA fragment encompassing the mouse Smad7 proximal promoter. This region was found to contain a CpG island and to be devoid of a classical TATA box. Cloned upstream of a promoter-lacking luciferase reporter gene, this region conferred robust TGF-β-induced transcription. Point mutations in a palindromic Smad binding element, abolished TGF-β inducibility completely. Through the use of electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we showed the presence of Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4 in complexes binding to the Smad binding element. Interestingly, we also found that point mutation and/or deletion of binding sites for the transcription factors activator protein-1 and Sp1 led to an attenuation of the basal promoter activity, as well as of the TGF-β-mediated induction of Smad7. Taken together, our data imply that Smads, together with activator protein-1 and Sp1 transcription factors, are essential for efficient Smad7 promoter activity.
An on-board differential Bunny - Ear Antenna design for 60 GHz applications

A design of differential Bunny-Ear Antenna (BEA) for the application of 60 GHz frequency band is presented. This antenna is fed by differential microstrip transmission line (MTL) and to be connected to the transceiver chip by bondwire. The bondwire introduces inductance and high impedance which destroys the matching, so the compensation structure for the interconnect is included in the design. In the simulation, the return loss is better than −10 dB. The radiation patterns are similar from the very low frequency of 57 GHz to high frequency of 65 GHz, with a 3-dB beamwidth of about 28 degrees in the principle planes. The measurement verifies the simulated radiation characteristics and shows that a gain of more than 9.7 dBi can be achieved by using this antenna.
SHOCK EXCITED MOLECULES IN NGC 1266: ULIRG CONDITIONS AT THE CENTER OF A BULGE-DOMINATED GALAXY

We investigate the far infrared (IR) spectrum of NGC 1266, a S0 galaxy that contains a massive reservoir of highly excited molecular gas. Using the Herschel Fourier Transform Spectrometer, we detect the 12CO ladder up to J = (13–12), [C i] and [N ii] lines, and also strong water lines more characteristic of UltraLuminous IR Galaxies (ULIRGs). The 12CO line emission is modeled with a combination of a low-velocity C-shock and a photodissociation region. Shocks are required to produce the H2O and most of the high-J CO emission. Despite having an IR luminosity 30 times less than a typical ULIRG, the spectral characteristics and physical conditions of the interstellar medium of NGC 1266 closely resemble those of ULIRGs, which often harbor strong shocks and large-scale outflows.
Analysis on static noise margin improvement in 40nm 6T-SRAM with post-process local electron injected asymmetric pass gate transistor

Improvement of the static noise margin (SNM) in 40nm 6T-SRAM with local electron injected asymmetric pass gate (PG) transistor is analyzed. Lower word-line voltage during injection shows higher PG VTH shift and SNM improvement. SNM variation decreases by 13.6% after injection using pseudo disturb. Pull up transistor |VTH| decrease degrades write margin. Under voltage and thermal retention stress, average SNM improvement of the worst 10 cells out of 1k cells decreases by 7.0% at 3.4×105s.
MPC controlled multirotor with suspended slung Load: System architecture and visual load detection

There is an increased interest in the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for load transportation from environmental remote sensing to construction and parcel delivery. One of the main challenges is accurate control of the load position and trajectory. This paper presents an assessment of real flight trials for the control of an autonomous multi-rotor with a suspended slung load using only visual feedback to determine the load position. This method uses an onboard camera to take advantage of a common visual marker detection algorithm to robustly detect the load location. The load position is calculated using an onboard processor, and transmitted over a wireless network to a ground station integrating MATLAB/SIMULINK and Robotic Operating System (ROS) and a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) to control both the load and the UAV. To evaluate the system performance, the position of the load determined by the visual detection system in real flight is compared with data received by a motion tracking system. The multi-rotor position tracking performance is also analyzed by conducting flight trials using perfect load position data and data obtained only from the visual system. Results show very accurate estimation of the load position (~5% Offset) using only the visual system and demonstrate that the need for an external motion tracking system is not needed for this task.
13.5-inch Quadra-FHD flexible AMOLED with crystalline oxide FET

This paper reports on our 13.5-inch top-emission flexible AMOLED in which CAAC-IGZO FETs are used as driver elements. We have realized a top-emission flexible AMOLED by using a technique of forming FET elements featuring low off-state current and high reliability and a passivation film with high barrier property over a glass substrate, separating the FET portion from the glass substrate by physical force, and transferring the FET portion to a plastic substrate.
Proceedings of the 15 th International Workshop on Automated Verification of Critical Systems ( AVoCS 2015 ) Estimating Rewards & Rare Events in Nondeterministic Systems

Exhaustive verification can quantify critical behaviour arising from concurrency in nondeterministic models. Rare events typically entail no additional challenge, but complex systems are generally intractable. Recent work on Markov decision processes allows the extremal probabilities of a property to be estimated using Monte Carlo techniques, offering the potential to handle much larger models. Here we present algorithms to estimate extremal rewards and consider the challenges posed by rarity. We find that rewards require a different interpretation of confidence and that reachability rewards require the introduction of an auxiliary hypothesis test. We show how importance sampling can significantly improve estimation when probabilities are low, but find it is not a panacea for rare schedulers.
Discussion of Double Sampling for Survival Analysis

Design In various types of biomedical studies, subjects drop out for reasons related to failure. For example, less healthy patients may seek treatment elsewhere or healthier subjects may be discharged from hospital prior to the end of the study. Typically, inference requires strong assumptions about the dropout mechanism (Baker, Wax, and Patterson, 1993) (BWP). The primary motivation of double sampling is to provide information to relax the distributional assumptions. There are two basic designs. Dropout double sampling. At the time of dropout, a subject is randomly assigned to follow-up or no follow-up. This is the design in FRangakis and Rubin (FR), where dropout was loss to follow-up, failure time was time from surgery to failure of prosthesis, and administrative censoring varied, depending on time of entry. Initial double sampling. At the start of the study, such as time of surgery or randomization to treatment assignment, subjects are randomly assigned to either a partial follow-up (PF) or full follow-up (FF) group. If a subject in the FF group drops out of the study, he is followed until failure or administrative censoring. If a subject in the partial followup group drops out, he is not followed after dropout. This is the design in BWP, where dropout was discharge from the hospital, failure time was time of infection following surgery, and administrative censoring was fixed at 30 days. Initial double sampling is a special case of dropout double sampling. Imagine that, as a result of initial double sampling, each subject is randomly assigned a label, either PF or FF, and when dropout occurs, subjects are randomly assigned to follow-up or not based on the PF and FF labels. The only difference with dropout double sampling is the additional random assignment to PF and FF among subjects who did not drop out. This extra information is not used in either the FR or BWP analysis.
Impact of Service Quality Management (SQM) Practices on Indian Railways - A Study of South Central Railways

The main objective of this study is to present a framework developed for assisting Railways to monitor and control the quality of services provided to passengers. The study evaluated the passenger Rail Service quality of Indian Railways by developing SQM (Service Quality Management) model on the basis of SERVQUAL and Rail Transport quality. Three new dimensions (Service Product, Social Responsibility and service delivery) are added to the original five SERVQUAL dimensions (i.e. assurance, empathy, reliability, responsiveness and tangibles). The instrument is tested for reliability and validity. Empirical study was conducted at Secunderabad Railway station of South Central Railway, India, using a purposive sample of 200 respondents. Valid responses from the questionnaire are statistically analyzed by using factor analysis. This research has also identified the order of importance for these eight factors, for example service delivery and social responsibility are identified as the most important and the least important factors respectively. This study would help the Railways to monitor, control and improve the service.
Brain arterial aging and its relationship to Alzheimer dementia

Objective: To test the hypothesis that brain arterial aging is associated with the pathologic diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods: Brain large arteries were assessed for diameter, gaps in the internal elastic lamina (IEL), luminal stenosis, atherosclerosis, and lumen-to-wall ratio. Elastin, collagen, and amyloid were assessed with Van Gieson, trichrome, and Congo red staining intensities, and quantified automatically. Brain infarcts and AD (defined pathologically) were assessed at autopsy. We created a brain arterial aging (BAA) score with arterial characteristics associated with aging after adjusting for demographic and clinical variables using cross-sectional generalized linear models. Results: We studied 194 autopsied brains, 25 (13%) of which had autopsy evidence of AD. Brain arterial aging consisted of higher interadventitial and lumen diameters, thickening of the wall, increased prevalence of IEL gaps, concentric intima thickening, elastin loss, increased amyloid deposition, and a higher IEL proportion without changes in lumen-to-wall ratio. In multivariable analysis, a high IEL proportion (B = 1.96, p = 0.030), thick media (B = 3.50, p = 0.001), elastin loss (B = 6.16, p < 0.001), IEL gaps (B = 3.14, p = 0.023), and concentric intima thickening (B = 7.19, p < 0.001) were used to create the BAA score. Adjusting for demographics, vascular risk factors, atherosclerosis, and brain infarcts, the BAA score was associated with AD (B = 0.022, p = 0.002). Conclusions: Aging of brain large arteries is characterized by arterial dilation with a commensurate wall thickening, elastin loss, and IEL gaps. Greater intensity of arterial aging was associated with AD independently of atherosclerosis and brain infarcts. Understanding the drivers of arterial aging may advance the knowledge of the pathophysiology of AD.
Simulation of faults in DFIG-based wind farms

Demand for wind power has increased considerably due to technological advances and favorable government policies. As a result, large wind farms with multi-megawatt capacity are connected to sub-transmission and transmission systems. With high penetrations of wind energy, performance of the overall system is affected by the technical impacts introduced by wind turbine generators (WTG). Fault current contributions from WTGs will have a significant impact on the protection and control of the wind farm as well as the interconnected system. This paper initially describes the modeling aspects of Doubly Fed induction Generator (DFIG) during steady state and faulty conditions. Further, a 9 MW wind farm with 6 units of 1.5 MW DFIG is modeled in Matlab/Simulink and, voltage and current waveforms are presented and discussed for symmetrical and asymmetrical faults created within the wind farm and in the power system.
concentration tracker Design and implementation of a synthetic biomolecular

As a field, synthetic biology strives to engineer increasingly complex artificial systems in living cells. Active feedback in closed loop systems offers a dynamic and adaptive way to ensure constant relative activity independent of intrinsic and extrinsic noise. In this work, we design, model, and implement a biomolecular concentration tracker, in which an output protein tracks the concentration of an input protein. Synthetic modular protein scaffold domains are used to colocalize a two-component system, and a single negative feedback loop modulates the production of the output protein. Using a combination of model and experimental work, we show that the circuit achieves real-time protein concentration tracking in Escherichia coli and that steady state outputs can be tuned. 1 on April 24, 2014 http://biorxiv.org/ Downloaded from
Flight Demonstration of Non-Cooperative Rendezvous using Optical Navigation

The ultimate goal of this work is to demonstrate the capability of a maneuverable servicer spacecraft to rendezvous with a non-cooperative space resident object from far-range distance using optical angles-only measurements. To this end, the Advanced Rendezvous experiment using GPS and Optical Navigation (ARGON) has been executed during the extended phase of the PRISMA formation-flying mission in April 2012. This paper addresses the experiment design, the developed flight dynamics system, the obtained flight results, and the lessons learned. Furthermore the evaluation of the rendezvous tracking, navigation and control accuracy is performed by means of GPS-based precise relative orbit determination products. The presented results give a clear demonstration of the high readiness level reached by key technologies which are needed by future on-orbit servicing and debris-removal missions.
What type of information do parents need after being discharged directly from the delivery ward?

Early discharge normally means that mother and infant are discharged from the hospital between six hours and three days after delivery. Early discharge with home-visits after normal delivery was introduced at Uppsala University Hospital in 1990. Seventeen percent of the women who gave birth in 2003 in Uppsala used the home-care option as an alternative to postnatal care at the hospital. The homevisiting midwives use a checklist to give and gain information about the health of the child and mother and about how breast-feeding is going. The purpose of this study was to examine the parents’ need of information after early discharge after delivery and to compare their needs with the information given according to the checklist for home-visits. Forty-two couples completed the study. They were asked to formulate five questions to the midwife at the home-visit. After the questions were gathered, a content-analysis was done. Three different main groups were identified: questions concerning 1) the child (68%) such as hygiene, bowel movements, burping, vomiting, eating, sleeping and sneezing 2) breast-feeding (21%) questions were asked about position while breast-feeding, nipples and amount of milk 3) the mother (11%) questions concerned afterpains, stitches, eating and drinking. The results show that the checklist worked sufficiently well as a work tool, but can be adjusted further according to the parents’ need. This study shows that they needed more information about the care of the infant, primarily concerning hygiene.
Wireless Body Area Nework – A Review

Wireless Body area networks have its applications in healthcare applications like remote monitoring of vital signs of patients in hospitals. Due to the increasing population an change of lifestyle health problems are getting worse. Due to busy schedule people does not have time to visit the doctor. Sometimes in case of emergency doctors are not available. WBAN technology also helps the old people who are not able to visit the doctor regularly. This paper presenting a survey in the area of wireless body network infrastructure, Research Trends in WBANs, Requirements of QoS , QoS based routing protocols, and optimization Techniques.