Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Base Rates of Anti-Gay Hate Crimes Using the Unmatched-Count Technique

Abstract This study uses the unmatched-count technique (UCT) to estimate base rates for anti-gay hate crime perpetration in college students and compares the results with estimates found using conventional methods. The UCT does not require the participant to directly answer sensitive questions, which may provide more accurate responses than other methods. The UCT revealed higher estimates for having gotten into a physical fight with a person because he was gay and having damaged someone's property because he was gay. These higher estimates provide a better feel for the level of these problematic behaviors and point to the need to target college campuses for interventions that foster a climate of zero tolerance for hate crimes.
Arctic haze over Central Europe

An extraordinary aerosol situation over Leipzig, Germany in April 2002 was investigated with a comprehensive set of ground-based volumetric and columnar aerosol data, combined with aerosol profiles from lidar, meteorological data from radiosondes and air mass trajectory calculations. Air masses were identified to stem from the Arctic, partly influenced by the greater Moscow region. An evaluation of ground-based measurements of aerosol size distributions during these periods showed that the number concentrations below about 70 nm in diameter were below respective long-term average data, while number, surface and volume concentrations of the particles larger than about 70 nm in diameter were higher than the long-term averages. The lidar aerosol profiles showed that the imported aerosol particles were present up to about 3 km altitude. The particle optical depth was up to 0.45 at 550 nm wavelength. With a one-dimensional spectral radiative transfer model top of the atmosphere (TOA) radiative forcing of the aerosol layer was estimated for a period with detailed vertical information. Solar aerosol radiative forcing values between −23 and −38 W m−2 were calculated, which are comparable to values that have been reported in heavily polluted continental plumes outside the respective source regions. The present report adds weight to previous findings of aerosol import to Europe, pointing to the need for attributing the three-dimensional aerosol burden to natural and anthropogenic sources as well as to aerosol imports from adjacent or distant source regions. In the present case, the transport situation is further complicated by forward trajectories, indicating that some of the observed Arctic haze may have originated in Central Europe. This aerosol was transported to the European Arctic before being re-imported in the modified and augmented form to its initial source region.
The impact of future emission policies on tropospheric ozone using a parameterised approach

Abstract. This study quantifies future changes in tropospheric ozone (O3) using a simple parameterisation of source–receptor relationships based on simulations from a range of models participating in the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollutants (TF-HTAP) experiments. Surface and tropospheric O3 changes are calculated globally and across 16 regions from perturbations in precursor emissions (NOx, CO, volatile organic compounds – VOCs) and methane (CH4) abundance only, neglecting any impact from climate change. A source attribution is provided for each source region along with an estimate of uncertainty based on the spread of the results from the models. Tests against model simulations using the Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 2 – Earth system configuration (HadGEM2-ES) confirm that the approaches used within the parameterisation perform well for most regions. The O3 response to changes in CH4 abundance is slightly larger in the TF-HTAP Phase 2 than in the TF-HTAP Phase 1 assessment (2010) and provides further evidence that controlling CH4 is important for limiting future O3 concentrations. Different treatments of chemistry and meteorology in models remain one of the largest uncertainties in calculating the O3 response to perturbations in CH4 abundance and precursor emissions, particularly over the Middle East and south Asia regions. Emission changes for the future Evaluating the CLimate and Air Quality ImPacts of Short-livEd Pollutants (ECLIPSE) scenarios and a subset of preliminary Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) indicate that surface O3 concentrations will increase regionally by 1 to 8 ppbv in 2050. Source attribution analysis highlights the growing importance of CH4 in the future under current legislation. A change in the global tropospheric O3 radiative forcing of +0.07 W m−2 from 2010 to 2050 is predicted using the ECLIPSE scenarios and SSPs, based solely on changes in CH4 abundance and tropospheric O3 precursor emissions and neglecting any influence of climate change. Current legislation is shown to be inadequate in limiting the future degradation of surface ozone air quality and enhancement of near-term climate warming. More stringent future emission controls provide a large reduction in both surface O3 concentrations and O3 radiative forcing. The parameterisation provides a simple tool to highlight the different impacts and associated uncertainties of local and hemispheric emission control strategies on both surface air quality and the near-term climate forcing by tropospheric O3.
An overview of traditional and non traditional stabilizer for soft soil

Soft soil always deal with high compressibility, high water content, low shear strength and low permeability. All these challenges lead to soil failure such as excessive settlement, failure of sub structure which is lead to superstructure damage and many others failure. Hence, soil stabilization is one of the option in ground improvement technique by adding other stabilization agent either natural basis or chemical basis. This paper critically reviewed about advantages and disadvantages of chemical stabilizer namely traditional and non traditional. Also closely reviewed on polymer and lignosulfonate as soil stabilization agent in various type of soil. Reviewed and analysing of some references revealed that using non traditional stabilizer have more advantages than traditional stabilizer in term of engineering properties as well as chemical composition. Polymer and lignosulfonate also have their on specialties in order to corporate with various type of soil.
Public Private Partnership for Infrastructure Development

Aigbavboa, Liphadzi and Thwala (2014:101) have stated that public–private partnerships (PPPs) have the potential of ‘alleviating infrastructure backlogs in developing countries’. In a seminal work, Willems and Van Dooren (2016:203) referred to the initiative as a new and neutral procurement modality for delivering public infrastructure internationally. The process is considered as one involving greater private sector participation in terms of planning, designing, financing, constructing, operating and maintaining ‘greenfield public infrastructure or operating brownfield facilities to satisfy public needs’ (Alinaitwe & Ayesiga 2013:2). This means that as a policy instrument, PPPs are instrumental in reforming procurement and service delivery for public agencies to leverage from private sector resources and efficiencies (Farquharson, Torres de Mästle & Yescombe 2011; Yakubu & Anigbogu 2016:61). On the contrary, private sector companies collaborate with the public sector, especially in difficult business times, such as in cases of credit market failures and stock market downturns (Hodge 2004:11).
The Risk Society: Towards a new modernity

The present review discusses one of the pioneer projects authored by Ulrich Beck, regarding risk perception issues, which was originally titled Risikogesellshaft, Auf dem weg in eine andere Moderne or in English The society of risk, towards a new modernity. This review is part of a broader project related to a Social Psychology doctoral thesis on fears of travelling in urban circumstances.
Introduction to financial surveillance

In financial surveillance the aim is to signal at the optimal trading time. A systematic decision strategy is used. The information available at each possible decision time is evaluated in order to judge whether or not there is enough information for a decision about an action or if more information is necessary so that the decision should be postponed. Financial surveillance gives timely decisions.
Chromium stress on peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and acid invertase in pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedling

In this investigation, chromium (Cr) toxicity on enzymes like peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and acid invertase was studied in pea seedling to evaluate the relative tolerance of the different pea varieties. Effect of Cr (0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 mM) on different parts of the seedling that is, cotyledon, plumule and radicle were studied separately to have a comparative study of the enzyme activity in these parts of the plants and its varieties. Acid invertase activity in cotyledons of Arkel was not affected significantly by chromium but increased in Rachna and HFP-8712. Chromium decreased acid invertase activity in radicle and plumule. Chromium treatment increased peroxidase activity in all component of seedling and found to be highest in untreated cotyledons of Arkel. Ascorbate peroxidase activity in the radicle and plumule was higher in Rachna. Enzyme activity decreased significantly with the increasing chromium treatment in cotyledons of Arkel while converse was true with regard to HFP-8712. These results indicate that Rachna is more tolerant followed by HFP-8712 and Arkel.
Arterial Stiffness in Older People with Different Types of Dementia Compared to Older People without Cognitive Dysfunction

Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia are the most common causes of cognitive dysfunction among older people. Vascular damage plays a role in the etiopathogenesis of both Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Arterial stiffness is a marker of vascular damage. The aim of this study was to compare arterial stiffness between Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and controls without memory complaints. A total of 72 older people (Alzheimer’s disease=22, vascular dementia=28, controls=22) were included in the study. Demographic data were obtained and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was applied. Arterial stiffness was evaluated with carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity measurements. Mean pulse wave velocity was 10.7±2.0 m/s, 11.3±3.1 m/s, and 10.0±3.1 m/s in Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and controls, respectively (p>0.05). Arterial stiffness assessed by pulse wave velocity might play a role in the development of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease, but further evidence is needed to confirm this relationship.
The Influence of Financial Status on the Safety Performance of Regulated Companies: The Role of Enforcement

﻿A better understanding of the link between a firm’s financial status and its regulated performance can help to improve the design of regulatory regimes and lead to more efficient regulatory structures. To date, however, the literature investigating this link has not considered the role that regulatory enforcement plays in determining how financial status affects performance. This paper analyzes how regulatory enforcement affects the relationship between financial status and the safety performance of regulated firms. It examines a particular form of safety performance, namely, the environmental performance of companies regulated under environmental protection laws. In particular, our study explores this effect in the context of the regulation of water pollution using data on wastewater discharges from U.S. chemical manufacturing facilities for the years 1995 to 2001. The results suggest that enforcement in general can play an important role in shaping the effects of financial status on safety performance.
Observability and Estimation of Distributed Space Systems via Local Information-exchange Networks

In this work, we develop an approach to formation estimation by explicitly characterizing formation’s system-theoretic attributes in terms of the underlying inter-spacecraft information-exchange network. In particular, we approach the formation observer and estimator design by relaxing the accessibility to the global state information by a centralized observer or estimator- and in turn- providing an analysis and synthesis framework for formation observers and estimators that rely on local measurements. The novelty of our approach hinges upon the explicit examination of the underlying distributed spacecraft network in the realm of guidance, navigation, and control algorithmic analysis and design. The overarching goal of our general research program, some of whose results are reported in this paper, is the development of distributed spacecraft estimation algorithms that are scalable, modular, and robust to variations in the topology and link characteristics of the formation information exchange network. In this work, we consider the observability of a spacecraft formation from a single observation node and utilize the agreement protocol as a mechanism for observing formation states from local measurements. Specifically, we show how the symmetry structure of the network, characterized in terms of its automorphism group, directly relates to the observability of the corresponding multi-agent system. The ramification of this notion of observability over networks is then explored in the context of distributed formation estimation.
Microwave-promoted efficient synthesis of dihydroquinazolines

A solvent- and catalyst-free synthesis of dihydroquinazolines is described. 2,4-Disubstituted-1,2-dihydroquinazolines can be readily obtained from 2-aminobenzophenone and aldehydes under microwave irradiation using urea as an environmentally benign source of ammonia, with a small amount of the corresponding quinazolines as the minor product. The reaction is simple, clean and excellent yields are obtained within minutes.
Provenance in support of ANDS' four transformations

This article introduces the provenance activities that are being carried out at the Australia National Data Services (ANDS). Since its beginning, ANDS has been promoting four data transformations so that Australia’s research data become more valuable and reusable by researchers. Among many other activities that enable the four transformations, ANDS has been encouraging ANDS partners to capture and describe rich context at the time when a data collection is created. In 2015, ANDS funded a number of external projects that had provenance components. In addition, ANDS is working on the interoperability between the schema that is used by the ANDS research data registration and discovery service – Research Data Australia (RDA) – and the W3C recommended provenance standard, Provenance Ontology (PROV-O), and investigating how to enrich the schema to access provenance information. The article concludes by discussing the lessons we learnt and our future planned activity.
Division of Rhizobitoxine-Producing and Hydrogen-Uptake Positive Strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum by nifDKE Sequence Divergence

Genomic digests from 25 strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, for which the phenotypes have been determined with respect to production of rhizobitoxine, hydrogen uptake (Hup) and composition of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), were hybridized with probe DNAs of the nifDK and nifE genes of B. japonicum USDA 110. The degree of the estimated base substitution in and around nifDKE clearly divided the strains of B. japonicum into two markedly divergent groups, which were designated as genotype I and II. Moreover, a strict correlation was observed between these genotypes, production of rhizobitoxine and EPS composition. The genotype I strains produced no rhizobitoxine and an EPS composed of glucose, mannose, galactose, 4-Omethyl galactose and galacturonic acid, whereas the genotype II strains produced rhizobitoxine and an EPS composed of rhamnose and 4-O-methyl glucuronic acid. Hup strains were confined exclusively to the genotype I. Hind III digests of genomic DNAs from the 25 strains were hybridized with probe DNA of structural genes for the uptake hydrogenase from B. japonicum. In 23 wild-type strains, Hup strains generated a 5.9-kb band that hybridized to the probe under high-stringency conditions, while Hup" strains did not generate the band. These results suggest that the genotypes I and II are two highly divergent evolutionary lines that define a marked division of various phenotypes, such as production of rhizobitoxine, EPS composition and hydrogen uptake.
MOY effects in returns and in volatilities of the Romanian capital market

This paper explores Month-of-the-year effects in returns and in volatilities of the Bucharest Stock Exchange. Our investigation covers two periods: the first one, from January 2000 to January 2006, corresponds to the last stage of Romania’s transition to a capitalist system, while the second one, from January 2007 to August 2013, is marked by the adhesion to European Union and by the effects of the global crisis. We use GARCH models to identify the monthly seasonality in returns and in volatilities. The results indicate significant changes of this calendar anomaly from the first to the second period.
A semantic web approach to digital rights management

Un dels principals requeriments de la gestio de drets digitals a la Web es un llenguatge compartit per a la representacio del copyright. Les aproximacions actuals es basen en solucions purament sintactiques, simples i dificils de posar en practica. La contribucio daquesta tesi es aplicar una aproximacio semantica basada en ontologies web a la gestio de drets digitals. Es desenvolupa una Ontologia del Copyright on les peces basiques son un model de creacio, el drets de copyright i les accions que es poden dur a terme sobre els continguts. Aquesta ontologia facilita el desenvolupament de sistemes de gestio de drets. Tambe sha aplicat lenfocament semantic als principals llenguatges dexpressio de drets. Shan integrat amb lontologia per tal davaluar-la i a la vegada shan enriquit amb la seva base semantica. Finalment, tot aixo sha posat en practica en un sistema semantic de gestio de drets. Resumen Uno de los principales requerimientos de la gestion de derechos digitales en la Web es un lenguaje compartido para la representacion del copyright. Las aproximaciones actuales se basan en soluciones puramente sintacticas, simples y dificiles de poner en practica. La contribucion de esta tesis es aplicar una aproximacion semantica basada en ontologias Web a la gestion de derechos digitales. Se desarrolla una Ontologia del Copyright cuyas piezas basicas son un modelo de creacion, los derechos de copyright y las acciones que se pueden llevar a cabo sobre los contenidos. Esta ontologia facilita el desarrollo de sistemas de gestion de derechos. Tambien se ha aplicado el enfoque semantico a los principales lenguajes de expresion de derechos. Se han integrado con la ontologia para evaluarla y a la vez se han enriquecido con su base semantica. Finalmente, todo esto se ha puesto en practica en un sistema semantico de gestion de derechos.
8. TRACE ELEMENT DETERMINATIONS BY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS: ADVANTAGES, LIMITATIONS, AND ALTERNATIVES1

A statistical study of data files obtained by repeated X-ray fluorescence analyses (XRF) of many major and 13 trace components in 20 reference materials was conducted aboard JOIDES Resolution. The results indicate that XRF is excellent for determining most main elements in many rocks and of some trace elements (for instance Nb, Y, Sr and Rb) even at low concentrations (4-10 ppm) and that XRF data obtained aboard ship are of the same quality as XRF data reported from land-based laboratories. Other trace components, however, are harder to determine by XRF; thus, Ba concentrations below 20 ppm in basaltic rocks are impossible to measure with satisfactory precision under routine conditions, and determinations of Ce, V, and Zr at low levels may be of questionable quality. Additional trace element data can be obtained through alternative, more versatile methods, which will permit a significant broadening of the geochemical programs aboard JOIDES Resolution.
Overview of the strategic and structural evolution of the Talladega Slate Belt, Alabama Appalachians

The allochthonous Talladega belt of eastern-northeastern Alabama and northwestern Georgia is a northeast striking, fault bounded block of lower greenschist facies metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks that formed along the margin of Laurentia at or outboard of the seaward edge of the Alabama promontory. Bounded by metamorphic rocks of the higher grade Neoproterozoic(? ) to Carboniferous eastern Blue Ridge on the southeast and unmetamorphosed to anchimetamorphic Paleozoic rocks of the Appalachian foreland on the northwest, the Talladega belt includes shelf facies rocks of the latest Neoproterozoic/earliest Cambrian Kahatchee Mountain Group, Cambrian-Ordovician Sylacauga Marble Group, and the latest Silurian(? ) to uppermost Devonian/earliest Mississippian Talladega Group. Along the southeastern fl ank of these metasedimentary sequences, a Middle Ordovician back-arc terrane (Hillabee Greenstone) was tectonically emplaced along a cryptic pre-metamorphic thrust fault (Hillabee thrust) and subsequently dismembered with units of the upper Talladega Group along the post-metamorphic Hollins Line fault system. Importantly, strata within the Talladega belt are critical for understanding the tectonic evolution of the southern Appalachian orogen when coupled with the geologic history of adjacent terranes. Rocks of the lower Talladega Group, the Lay Dam Formation, suggest latest Silurian-earliest Devonian tectonism that is only now being recognized in other areas of the southern Appalachians. Additionally, correlation between the Middle Ordovician Hillabee Greenstone and similar bimodal metavolcanic suites in the Alabama eastern Blue Ridge and equivalent Dahlonega Gold belt of Georgia and North Carolina suggests the presence of an extensive back-arc volcanic system on the Laurentian plate just outboard of the continental margin during the Ordovician and has signifi cant implications for models of southern Appalachian Taconic orogenesis.