Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INCIDENTS ON THE FREEWAY : DETECTION AND MANAGEMENT

Incidents on the Freeway: Detection and Management by Karl Frazier Petty Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California at Berkeley Professor Pravin P. Varaiya, Chair Incidents on the freeway disrupt tra c ow, cause signi cant delay to motorists and present serious safety hazards while they are being cleared. These factors create the need to quickly and e ciently manage and contain incidents on the freeway. In this dissertation, we explore two common ways to manage incidents: automatic incident detection systems and Freeway Service Patrol tow trucks. Quick and e cient automatic incident detection has been an elusive goal of the transportation research community for many years. But it is the linchpin of future transportation management systems. In this dissertation we review the eld of incident detection and we present and explore a novel probe vehicle-based incident detection algorithm. We present ideas for incident detection via sensor fusion and we explore a framework for evaluating incident detection systems in operation. The second incident management technique we study, Freeway Service Patrol (FSP) systems, consist of a collection of rotating tow trucks on the freeway that assist motorists involved in accidents or breakdowns. Many claims have been made about the bene ts of FSP systems on freeway systems and we examine these claims in detail. We present a method for determining incident delay from loop detector and/or probe vehicle data. We apply this method to evaluate the Bay Area FSP system and conclude that many of the claims regarding bene t-to-cost ratios of FSP systems in the literature are grossly overstated. The error is due to statistical misspeci cation. Finally, we present an empirical methodology for determining where to place the FSP tow trucks on a multi-beat urban freeway system.
Active damping performance of the KAGRA seismic attenuation system prototype

The Large-scale Cryogenic Gravitational wave Telescope (formerly LCGT now KAGRA) is presently under construction in Japan. This May we assembled a prototype of the seismic attenuation system (SAS) for the beam splitter and the signal recycling mirrors of KAGRA, which we call Type-B SAS, and evaluated its performance at NAOJ (Mitaka, Toyko). We investigated its frequency response, active damping performance, vibration isolation performance and long-term stability both in and out of vacuum. From the frequency response test and the active damping performance test, we confirmed that the SAS worked as we designed and that all mechanical resonances which could disturb lock acquisition and observation are damped within 1 minute, which is required for KAGRA, by the active controls.
Modeling Spatial Riding Characteristics of Bike-Sharing Users Using Hotspot Areas-Based Association Rule Mining

This study aims to investigate the spatial riding characteristics under different demand scenarios using association rule mining with hotspot detection, and to establish the subordinate rules between bike-sharing demand and land elements and between land elements. To reduce deviation from modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) and improve objectivity and accuracy, we impose spatial constraints using the hotspot detection model instead of the square grid and traditional traffic zone. The bike-sharing trajectory-based kernel density algorithm is employed to explore the optimum analysis locations and the analysis areas with the relatively high demand. More importantly, the research featured here involves five demand scenarios for the differentiation of riding characteristics. The results show that the most significant influencers on bike-sharing demand include financial insurance facilities, dining facilities, and landscapes. As for characteristics of riding destination, the combinations between landscapes and financial insurance facilities, between landscapes and companies/enterprises, and between companies/enterprises and financial insurance facilities are more likely to be visited simultaneously. These findings make us understand urban spatial structure in response to traffic plan and provide evidence for bike-sharing dispatch optimization.
Security Analysis of the Open Networking Foundation (ONF) OpenFlow Switch Specification

This document discusses the security properties of the OpenFlow Switch Specification version 1.3. 0 (OpenFlow), a Software-Defined Network (SDN) solution produced by the Open Networking Foundation (ONF). It analyzes the suitability of OpenFlow for use in "the cloud" or on the open Internet. It also makes some suggestions about how OpenFlow could be made more secure for use in those environments.
Effect of Extraction Method on the Bioactive Composition, Antimicrobial Activity and Phytotoxicity of Pomegranate By-Products

Pomegranate by-products can be an asset to the food industry due to the richness in bioactive and antimicrobial compounds. This work studied the influence of conventional solvent and sonication-assisted extraction methods on the bioactive profile, antimicrobial properties, and phytotoxicity effect of the peels and seeds extracts from Acco, Big Full, and Wonderful pomegranate cultivars. The bioactive composition of the extracts was evaluated for the content of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity (expressed as the half-maximal inhibitory concentration—IC50) by spectrophotometric methods, while the tannins were determined by titration and the anthocyanins were estimated by the pH-differential method. For the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity, the disk diffusion method of Kirby-Bauer was adapted through inhibition halos against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Yarrowia lipolytica. The extracts’ phytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro on garden-cress seeds. Extracts from conventional extraction were richer in total phenolics, expressed as gallic acid equivalents (0.16–0.73 mg GAE/mg extract), while those from sonication-assisted extraction had higher contents of total flavonoids, expressed as catechin equivalents (0.019–0.068 mg CATE/mg extract); anthocyanins, expressed as cyanidin-3-glucoside (0.06–0.60 µg C3G/mg, dry basis); and antioxidant activity (IC50, 0.01–0.20 mg/mL). All extracts were more effective against Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts than Gram-negative bacteria. In general, the sonication-assisted extracts led to higher inhibition halos (8.7 to 11.4 mm). All extracts presented phytotoxicity against garden-cress seeds in the tested concentrations. Only the lowest concentration (0.003 mg/mL) enabled the germination of seeds and root growth, and the sonication-assisted extracts showed the highest Munoo-Liisa vitality index (51.3%). Overall, sonication-assisted extraction obtained extracts with greater bioactive and antimicrobial potential and less phytotoxicity.
An Energy-Efficient Channel Access With Target Wake Time Scheduling for Overlapping 802.11ax Basic Service Sets

Higher requirements in wireless Internet access have led to a dense deployment of Wi-Fi networks, which results in severe collisions and deteriorated throughput. In this article, we propose a grouping-based medium access control protocol with target wake time (TWT) scheduling for IEEE 802.11ax overlapping basic service sets (OBSSs), i.e., GTSO. It aims to improve the reutilization of the resource units (RUs) by increasing the number of parallel transmissions with sleep/wake-up period scheduling which is adaptive to the traffic loads. First, we divide the stations into different groups by mapping the OBSS architecture into an undirected graph. Based on the graph, we use the Welch Powell algorithm to find the minimum number of colors in the graph coloring problem to make as many parallel transmissions as possible. Finally, an optimization problem is proposed to realize a contention-free channel access with simultaneously active stations no more than the number of RUs under the constraint of packet delay through TWT scheduling. Simulation results show that the GTSO performs better than existing schemes in terms of throughput and energy efficiency in dense scenarios.
Theoretical and experimental on the Shupe-like bias caused by thermal stress of fiber optic gyros

The fiber optic gyroscope has became to one of the most important sensors in developing due to light in quality, high accuracy, compact in dimension and long life and has played a very important role in both military and civil use. The fiber coil, as one of the most critical components in FOG, is extremely sensitive to changes in temperature. In this paper, at first, by studying the thermal stress of fiber optic gyros, the element model of the fiber coil was built based on the discrete mathematics formulae of Shupe error in FOG. Then based on the temperature distribution model mentioned above, the effects of the Shupe-like bias caused by thermal stress and the Shupe bias caused by temperature gradient are simulated. A turn-by-turn quantization bias error model is established. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show the Shupe-like bias caused by thermal stress and the Shupe bias caused by temperature gradient had seriously affected the temperature performance of FOG. By optimizing the winding method of fiber coil, the Shupe error of fiber coils can be reduced. At the same time, Shupe-like bias caused by thermal stress can be reduced too.
EMS-GCN: An End-to-End Mixhop Superpixel-Based Graph Convolutional Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification

The lack of labels is one of the major challenges in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. Widely used Deep Learning (DL) models such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) experience serious performance degradation when training samples are limited. In contrast, graph convolutional networks (GCNs) can simultaneously exploit the insufficient labeled data and massive unlabeled data of HSI in a semisupervised learning fashion. However, in order to reduce computational cost and mitigate noise, existing GCN-based classification methods usually perform superpixel segmentation as a preprocessing step and implement feature extraction as well as node classification on the predefined superpixel graph, where one superpixel might incorporate pixels with different labels. Moreover, the local spectral–spatial information within superpixels is generally ignored. To alleviate these two issues, we propose an end-to-end mixhop superpixel-based GCN (EMS-GCN) framework for HSI classification. Specifically, we first introduce the differentiable superpixel segmentation algorithm to map the pixel representations into a superpixel feature space, which allows refining the superpixel boundary with the training of the network. After that, a superpixel graph is constructed and fed into a novel mixhop superpixel-based GCN, where both the local information within superpixels and long-range information among superpixels are extracted, while the structure of the superpixel graph is updated at the same time. Finally, the enhanced superpixel representations are mapped back into a pixel feature space to conduct pixel-wise classification. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed EMS-GCN method compared with other state-of-the-art methods.
Mixed Methods Research: Trends and Issues in Research Methodology

Mixed methods research is currently developing and has become an interesting issue and trend in the field of education. This makes the writers want to provide a reference and technical guidance to increase students' knowledge in providing mixed methods research. This type of research is literature review research that discusses various interesting issues from journals and books related to this research theme. This article describes matters related to the definition, types and procedures of mixed methods, population and samples, instruments, data collection and data analysis techniques carried out by mixed methods. The results of this study provide clarity and important exposure to research methodologies for students who will carry out their research in the field of education that focuses on mixed methods research. Hence, the research method will provide advantages of both quantitative and qualitative approaches to unveil the research phenomena in depth. In addition, this research has also real implications for students and researchers in carrying out good and appropriate mixed methods research.
Changes in labour market histories and their relationship with paid work around state pension age: evidence from three British longitudinal studies

Many countries have implemented policies to extend working lives in response to population ageing, yet there remains little understanding of what drives paid work in later life, nor how this is changing over time. This paper utilises the 1988/89 Survey of Retirement and Retirement Plans, the 1999 British Household Panel Survey and the 2008 English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, to investigate drivers of paid work in the ten years surrounding state pension age (SPA) for women and men in, comparing cohorts born in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s. Using optimal matching analysis with logistic and multinomial regression models, the study assesses the relative importance of lifecourse histories, socio-economic circumstances and contemporaneous factors, in determining paid work in mid- and later life. Participation in paid work in the five years preceding and beyond SPA increased markedly for men and women across cohorts, with women's lifecourses and engagement with paid work changing considerably in these periods. However, for women, a lifetime history of paid work remained a crucially important predictor of paid work in later life, and this relationship has strengthened over time. Experiencing divorce has also become an important driver of paid work around SPA for the youngest cohort. Having children later, and still having a mortgage, also independently predict labour force participation for women and men. Across all cohorts and for women and men, working at these older ages was a function of higher income and better health. These findings suggest that policies which enable people to maintain ties to paid work across the lifecourse may be more effective at encouraging later-life employment than those concerned only with postponing the retirement transition.
Marine Propeller Optimization Based on a Novel Parametric Model

This paper presents a novel parametric model of marine propellers based on Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines. It involves eight parameters and five categories of spanwise parameter distributions, which are utilized for determining hydrofoil and blade shapes. 20 different hydrofoils and 5 types of well-known marine propellers are employed to detect the accuracy of the proposed parametric model. Furthermore, a propeller optimization problem was addressed with the aid of the parametric model. In the propeller optimization problem, a common AU-series propeller is treated as the baseline propeller. The proposed parametric model is used for the representation and deformation of the propeller geometric model. A hydrodynamic performance evaluation model is developed based on gene expression programming. Also, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II is used in the applications of the propeller optimization problem. The results demonstrate that the accuracy of the proposed parametric model satisfies the engineering requirements well, and a propeller with higher efficiency than the baseline propeller can be derived by settling the propeller optimization problem.
Evaluation of a Brief Sleep Intervention Designed to Improve the Sleep, Mood, and Cognitive Performance of Esports Athletes

This study evaluated a brief sleep intervention designed to improve the sleep, mood, and cognitive performance of professional electronic sports (esports) athletes from three major esports regions (i.e., Asia, North America, and Oceania). Fifty-six esports athletes from South Korea (N = 34), the United States (N = 7), and Australia (N = 15) completed the study. Participants completed an initial 2-week pre-intervention phase to establish a baseline, followed by a 2-week intervention phase that involved a group sleep education class, 1:1 session with a trained clinical psychologist, and daily biofeedback. A wrist activity monitor and daily sleep diary were used to monitor sleep during both phases, while at pre- and post-intervention, participants completed a battery of sleep and mood questionnaires and underwent cognitive performance testing. Sleep knowledge increased from pre- to post-intervention (d = 0.83 [95% CI −1.21, −0.43], p =< 0.001), while there were modest improvements in sleep diary estimates (i.e., sleep onset latency (Mdiff = −2.9 min, p = 0.02), sleep onset time (Mdiff = −12 min, p = 0.03), and sleep efficiency (Mdiff = 1.1%, p = 0.004)) and wrist activity monitor estimates (i.e., sleep onset time (Mdiff = −18 min, p = 0.01)). Insomnia severity scores decreased significantly (d = 0.47 [95% CI 0.08, 0.84], p = 0.001), while sleepiness scores increased but not meaningfully (d = 0.23 [95% CI −0.61, 0.14], p = 0.025). However, there was no significant change in mood (i.e., depression and anxiety) or cognitive performance scores (i.e., mean reaction time or lapses). Sleep interventions for esports athletes require further investigation. Future research should examine whether a stepped-care model, whereby increasing therapeutic input is provided as needed, can optimize sleep, mood, and cognitive performance outcomes.
Modeling the Effects of Street Trees on the Performance of Solar and Conventional Houses in Sacramento, California

Street trees have potential for both the beneficial shading of houses during the hot season and the detrimental blocking of incident radiation to solar collectors. Although some states and many local governments have passed regulations to protect solar access from obstruction by vegetation, street tree planners have inadequate data upon which to plan for the necessary trade-offs between providing shade and solar access in much of the temperate United States. This study describes the computer modeling of the thermal/energy responses of three test houses (solar, conventional, and solar retrofitted) having a continuous row of street trees to the south of the dwelling. Four trees—three deciduous and one evergreen—were tested; each tree was considered at three different setback distances from the south wall of the house. A “no tree” condition was also tested for each house. Predictions were made for annual energy costs for each test house under each tree and setback condition; these results indicated a significant net increase in annual energy costs when street trees were placed in the zone directly south of a solar house.
Mechanical behaviour of sandy soils embankments treated with cement and reinforced with discrete elements (fibres)

It is well known that the reinforcement of the Soil is considered as a solution to its stability problems. This technique ameliorates the mechanical and physical comportment of the soil. Based on this, this research paper aims at investigating the behaviour of a specific type of dried-cemented-sandy soil reinforced with discrete elements such as polypropylene fiber basically through experimental tests. The latter are a series of consolidated drained triaxial tests which were carried out on samples of sand that are prepared with 0, 3 and 6% of cement, reinforced with 1% of polypropylene fiber (12, 18 mm) randomly distributed. Furthermore, those contents are measured by the volume of dry sand. In addition to these tests, a parametric study has also been conducted on a road embankment using a finite element program such as Plaxis 2D in order to observe the variation of different parameters like safety factor and the displacements (Ut, Ux, Uy). The test results showed that the addition of cement and polypropylene fiber of different accommodations increased both cohesion and friction angle of sands while the numerical results indicated that the presence of these additions improved the safety factor and decreased significantly the displacements.
A Deflnition of Thermophysiological Parameters of SAM Materials for Temperature Rise Calculation in the Head of Cellular Handset User

A deflnition of thermophysiological parameters of the Speciflc Anthropomorphic Mannequin (SAM) CAD model material is proposed in this paper to calculate the temperature- rise in the head of cellular handset users. The SAM materials have the electrical and thermal parameters based on the averaged properties of a heterogeneous High-Resolution European Fe- male Head (HR-EFH) with twenty flve difierent tissues. The speciflc absorption rate (SAR) and the temperature-rise in the SAM because of the exposure to radiation of difierent handset models, i.e., candy-bar with external antenna and candy-bar with internal antenna, are calculated in the GSM900 and GSM1800 using a FDTD-based platform. The computations were also carried out applying HR-EFH for comparison. 1. INTRODUCTION Since the biological hazards due to RF exposure in cellular communications are caused mainly by a temperature-rise in tissue, calculations of temperature may be preferable to calculations of SAR because of the more direct relationship between temperature and safety. Thus, the efiect of localized SAR for portable telephones should also be related to the temperature-rise in the human head. The temperature increase in the anatomically based human head models due to handset antennas has been calculated in quite a few works, as in (1{3). In those works, the handset is simulated using either dipole antenna or monopole over a rectangular metal box (dielectric covered or none-covered) or a simple metal chassis with shorted-patch antenna. None of the previous work has considered a realistic or semi-realistic handset models in evaluating their thermal efiect on tissues, as considered in this paper. In this paper, the bioheat equation is solved using a Finite-Difierence Time-Domain (FDTD)- based Electromagnetic (EM) solver, SEMCAD X (4), to compute the temperature-rise in both anatomically based human head and SAM as related to, flrst, the antenna radiated power of 0.6W at 900MHz and 0.125W at 1800MHz, second, safety SAR limits (5,6).
Service quality during the COVID-19 pandemic: An empirical study

This study aims to examine service quality in the hospitality industry in Jordan aiming to determine whether accommodators are satisfied with the services of hotels. The research also aimed to address if total quality management in the service industry is just as important as it is in the product-based industries. This research followed the quantitative method of closed-ended questions that was conducted online following the probability sampling of simple random sampling. Survey data were collected from 247 participants using the SERVQUAL model. A test of the model was conducted and the results showed that people are mostly satisfied with the quality of the services offered by hotels in Jordan, but were dissatisfied with the speed of the check-in process and that there is only a minimal number of people who are dissatisfied with the service quality. This is one of the first studies that represent a little-researched area of recent times and even less so in Middle Eastern countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research paper has shown the significant importance of total quality management in the hospitality industry around the globe and in Jordan specifically, the study shows how service quality can affect the satisfaction of customers and their levels of loyalty, as it has been found that levels of loyalty increase as the levels of satisfaction within the quality of offered services increases