Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of annealing on formation of self-assembled (In,Ga)As quantum wires on GaAs (100) by molecular beam epitaxy

The role of annealing for (In,Ga)As self-organized quantum wire (QWR) formation on GaAs (100) during growth of (In,Ga)As/GaAs superlattice (SL) structures is studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. XRD and AFM evidence that annealing after the supply of each layer of elongated (In,Ga)As quantum dots (QDs) in the SL is the crucial process for QWR formation. We conclude that during annealing, the shape anisotropy of the QDs is enhanced due to anisotropic mass transport and the QDs become connected along the [0-11] direction. Strain reduction by In desorption, revealed by XRD and PL, which accompanies this process, then results in well defined, uniform QWR arrays by repetition in SL growth.
Executive Pay and Market Value Sensitivity

Executive pay relative to that of average workers has risen dramatically worldwide. Such a high level of executive pay raises the question of whether a steep rise in executive pay affects firm value. This study examined the relationship between executive pay and firm value. A panel smooth transition regression model is adopted to determine an optimal level of executive pay that maximizes firm value for a sample of 512 Taiwanese-listed firms over the period 2006-2011. The finding is that when the ratio of executive pay to net income after tax exceeds 2.71%, the firm value increases. The results suggest a correlation between large executive ownership (corresponding to high executive pay) and both increased operational efficiencies and firm value. These findings may be useful when contemplating executive compensation policy.
Importance and Applications of Infinite Dimensional Non-Orthogonal Quantum State

This paper introduces remarkable achievement in theory on non-orthogonal state in quantum optics that can describe macroscopic quantum effect, and gives a survey of theorems in quantum information science based on non-orthogonal state. Then it is shown that these provide potential applications to Quantum Methodology such as quantum reading, quantum imaging and to Quantum Enigma Cipher which is a general model of physical cipher
Effect of reductants and stabilizers on ageing of gold nanoparticles at pH 2-12 and their application to study gold leaching in sodium hypochlorite / chloride solutions using UV-Visible spectroscopy

Despite the growing interest in non-cyanide lixiviants for leaching gold from ores/concentrates and recyclable waste material one of the main challenges in testing novel lixiviants is the slow reaction of gold dissolution which generally takes long hours of experimentation and high cost. The increased interest in naturally occurring nanoparticulate gold component in ore deposits and exploration samples also encourages research in this area. Gold nanoparticles in aqueous medium exhibit strong characteristic absorption peaks in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum due to the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). The very large surface area to volume ratio of nanoparticles leads to fast dissolution kinetics. These two properties allow chloride leaching of gold to be conveniently studied by the use of UV–Visible spectroscopy of gold nanoparticles produced in the laboratory in sodium hypochlorite/chloride solutions. However, the method of production also controls the properties of gold nanoparticles. In this study, nine methods were used for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using different reagents as reductants and stabilizers: D-glucose, trisodium citrate, sodium borohydride, ascorbic acid, heparin, hydrazine sulfate, monosodium glutamate, gelatine, starch (both with and without ethylene glycol), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and tannic acid. The UV-Visible spectra and the dissolution rates per unit surface area of nanoparticles in NaOCl/NaCl solutions are compared to show similar leaching behaviour between nanoparticles and bulk gold which encourages further studies with other non-cyanide gold lixiviants.
Title Seasonal transitions and the westerly jet in the Holocene East Asian summer monsoon Permalink

The Holocene East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) was previously characterized as a trend toward weaker monsoon intensity paced by orbital insolation. It is demonstrated here that this evolution is more accurately characterized as changes in the transition timing and duration of the EASM seasonal stages (spring, pre-mei-yu, mei-yu, midsummer), and tied to the north–south displacement of the westerlies relative to Tibet. To this end, time-slice simulations across the Holocene are employed using an atmospheric general circulation model. Self-organizing maps are used to objectively identify the transition timing and duration of the EASM seasonal stages. Compared to the lateHolocene, an earlier onset ofmei-yu and an earlier transition frommei-yu tomidsummer in the early to mid-Holocene are found, resulting in a shortened mei-yu and prolonged midsummer stage. These changes are accompanied by an earlier northward positioning of the westerlies relative to Tibet. Invoking changes to seasonal transitions also provides a more satisfactory explanation for two key observations of Holocene East Asian climate: the ‘‘asynchronous Holocene optimum’’ and changes to dust emissions. Amechanism is proposed to explain the altered EASM seasonality in the simulated early to mid-Holocene. The insolation increase over the boreal summer reduces the pole–equator temperature gradient, leading to northwardshifted and weakened westerlies. The meridional position of the westerlies relative to the Tibetan Plateau determines the onset of mei-yu and possibly the onset of the midsummer stage. The northward shift in the westerlies triggers earlier seasonal rainfall transitions and, in particular, a shorter mei-yu and longer midsummer stage.
Dynamics of a three-phase up # ow " xed-bed catalytic reactor

A dynamic model of an up#ow "xed-bed catalytic reactor is developed to examine numerically transient axial temperature and concentration pro"les obtained for the consecutive hydrogenation of 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene on a Pd/Al 2 O 3 catalyst. This nonisothermal heterogeneous model includes the resistances to heat and mass transfer at the gas}liquid and liquid}solid interfaces, as well as the heat exchange through the jacket of the reactor. The predictions of the model are compared to experimental data for various gas and liquid #ow rates to describe dynamic events, such as the start-up of the reactor and the e! ects of sudden changes in the operating conditions on the reactor behaviour and its thermal stability. The predicted transient pro"les are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. Still, the dynamic model is not able to correctly predict hot spots and runways experimentally observed at very high hydrogen #ow rates. ( 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Why Bother? Understanding the Impact of Financial Obligations on Wage Selectivity

Approximately 80 percent of Americans have a significant financial obligation. A substantial fraction of these individuals rely almost solely on labor income to meet these needs. Using a two-period model we demonstrate that when agents are risk averse, increasing the level of financial obligation will have a differential effect on the likelihood a wage offer is accepted depending on the initial size of the obligation. Increasing financial obligations from low levels is found to reduce wage selectivity, while increasing it beyond a certain threshold reverses this effect. We test our theory using online experiments. We confirm our theoretical results in the form of a statistically significant "dip" in wage selectivity for risk averse subjects assigned moderate financial obligations. This non-monotonic effect suggests that heterogeneity in financial obligations may exacerbate income and wealth inequality through individuals' labor market decisions. Policy makers interested in distributional effects should consider this feedback mechanism when designing policies related to loan forgiveness or debt discharge.
Validity of Dmirey ' s Law Undf r Transient

j Introduction. j Application of Darcy's law. j Description of analytical model. 2 Mathematical analysis . 3 Interpretation of transient-flow equation. Q Significance of first bracketed term . 7 Significance of second bracketed term . 9 Significance of third bracketed term . 9 Comparison with Darcy's flow equation . JQ Summary and conclusions . n Selected references . 12 Appendix: Supplemental derivation of equations . 14 List of symbols and abbreviations . 15
Total Dose Effects and Bias Instabilities of (NH 4 ) 2 S Passivated Ge MOS Capacitors With Hf x Zr 1– x O y Thin Films

The effects of biased irradiation on Ge MOS capacitors with Hf x Zr1– x O y (0.43 x $^{137} \gamma $ -ray radiation source with 0.5 or –0.5 V gate bias. Prior to irradiation exposure, leakage behavior and bias-instability of Hf x Zr1– x O y films were also examined. Gate leakage current density increases with the increasing of Zr composition in gate oxide. In addition, Zr-containing dielectrics under positive bias (PB) exhibited more oxide negative trapped charges than that of HfO2, which suggested that the oxygen-vacancy concentration in Hf x Zr1– x O y was increased by the addition of Zr. Larger flat-band voltage shifts ( $\Delta V_{\mathrm {FB}})$ were extracted under positive biased irradiation than the bias only results. The results indicate that radiation-induced interface traps ( $\Delta N_{\mathrm {it}})$ are the dominant factor for $\Delta V_{\mathrm {FB}}$ in HfO2 thin films, whereas the radiation response for Zr-containing dielectrics under PB was mainly due to oxide traps. Under negative biased irradiation, $\Delta V_{\mathrm {FB}}$ was attributed to the combined effect of the net oxide trapped charges and the passivation of Ge dangling bonds at the Ge/high-k interface. Additionally, both bias-induced and radiation-induced charge trapping have a crucial effect on radiation response of Hf x Zr1– x O y at each dose level. Hf x Zr1– x O y is identified as a promising gate dielectric for advanced complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technologies.
Which Choice of Delivery Model(s) Works Best to Deliver Fortified Foods?

Micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) occur as a result of insufficient intake of minerals and vitamins that are critical for body growth, physical/mental development, and activity. These deficiencies are particularly prevalent in lower-and middle-income countries (LMICs), falling disproportionately on the poorest and most vulnerable segments of the society. Dietary diversity is considered the most effective method in reducing this deficiency but is often a major constraint as most foods rich in micronutrients are also expensive and thereby inaccessible to poorer members of society. In recent years, affordable commodities such as staple foods (e.g., cereals, roots, and tubers) and condiments (e.g., salt and oil) have been targeted as “vehicles” for fortification and biofortification. Despite efforts by many countries to support such initiatives, there have been mixed experiences with delivery and coverage. An important but little understood driver of success and failure for food fortification has been the range of business models and approaches adopted to promote uptake. This review examines the different models used in the delivery of fortified food including complementary foods and biofortified crops. Using a keyword search and pearl growing techniques, the review located 11,897 texts of which 106 were considered relevant. Evidence was found of a range of business forms and models that attempt to optimise uptake, use, and impact of food fortification which are specific to the ‘food vehicle’ and environment. We characterise the current business models and business parameters that drive successful food fortification and we propose an initial structure for understanding different fortification business cases that will offer assistance to future designers and implementors of food fortification programmes.
Real time emergency auto parking system in driver lethargic state for accident preventing

This paper is presenting a safety driving and accident preventing system which uses a vision sensor to detect driver drowsiness and lethargic states. The system notifies the driver in dangerous situations. Moreover, in case the driver is unable to conduct safe driving, emergency parking system is to be activated. The system comprises two stages. First is a drowsiness detection stage which uses a smartphone or a tablet computer as a processing unit. The second stage is the vehicle emergency parking control system which uses a microcontroller unit (MCU). The MCU is connected to an alarm system, hazard lights and a vehicle control interface. The experiment results showed realistic real time responses. Drowsiness detection processing time average is about 480 ms / frame. Alarming system is responding perfectly within 500 ms. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the developed schemes for the auto parking system in real time. The average time from drowsiness detection to fully parking, if the vehicle is moving at the speed of 100 km/s, is about 15s.
Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems ( MCIS ) 10-1-2008 THE ROLE OF CULTURAL VALUES IN THE INDIVIDUAL INTENTION TO ACCEPT ADMINISTRATION E-SERVICES ( ITA EAD ) : A TWO COUNTRY STUDY

E-services, if accepted by users, have the potentia l to improve the relation of the Administration wit h the citizen (Heeks 2002). In France, Accenture Inst itute Study found that, by the end of 2006, 74 percent of French Citizens were seduced by the Admi nistration e-services. But it is not the case of al l countries. In Maghreb countries, for example, despi t incentives and media campaigns that encourage them to go online for government and private transa ctions, most Tunisians, Moroccans and Algerians still hesitate to use the Internet services . So it seems that in some countries, citizens are unwilling to use e-administration services. In Lebanon, despite the country growing debt, Administration continues investing in Information Technology (IT), and e-adm inistration has become the government priority. However, Lebanese do not often use Internet. Studie s found that only 28 percent of Lebanese use the Internet services. Will the Lebanese citizens use t he Administration’s e-services? What are the external and internal variables that influence the acceptance and use of these e-services at the first stages of the acceptance process? Is there any indi vidual’s cultural value that influences the evaluation of the IT and the e-services acceptance? This work-in-progress develops an integral model of users’ intention to accept e-administration services (ITA e-ad Model). It captures the influenc e of different external and internal variables on e services acceptance and use at the first stages of the acceptance process. The ITA e-ad Model focuses on the association between (1) Administration e-ser vic s perceived outcomes (2) individual’s cultural variables, specifically Hofstede (1980) cultural va lues (masculinity/femininity, individualism/collectivism, power distance, and unc ertainty avoidance), (3) environmental variables, and (4) their evaluations in the first stages of th e acceptance process. The innovation of this model is that it focuses on the association between cultural values and the evaluations of the Administration e services acceptance. This model can help Administrations better deploy a nd manage their IT investments by better understanding their citizens. Administration’s comm unication can incorporate these cultural values that influence the evaluation of e-services accepta nce.
Study Infarction in Patients With Mild to Moderate Hypercholesterolemia : A Post Hoc Analysis of the MEGA The Combination of Elevated Triglycerides and Abnormal Fasting Glucose Increases Risk of Cerebral

Background: While triglycerides (TGs) and diabetes increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), their combined effects have not been quantified. We explored the combined effect of elevated TGs and glucose on CVD in a post hoc analysis of the large-scale Management of Elevated Cholesterol in the Primary Prevention Group of Adult Japanese (MEGA) Study. Material and Methods: In the MEGA Study, 8214 patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia were randomly allocated to the diet alone group or diet plus pravastatin group and followed for 5 years. Of those, 7832 patients included in the intention-to-treat analysis were stratified into 4 groups: abnormal fasting glucose (AFG) plus high TGs, high TGs alone, AFG alone, and normal fasting glucose plus normal TGs (reference). Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare the incidence of and mortality from CVD in the 4 groups. Results: Incidence of CVD and coronary heart disease was significantly higher in the groups with AFG alone (hazard ratio [HR], 2.02 and 3.38; P < .01, respectively) and AFG plus high TGs (HR, 2.87 and 3.87; P < .01, respectively) than the reference group. A similar relation was found in models adjusting for highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Although the incidence of cerebral infarction was significantly higher only in the group with AFG plus high TGs (HR, 2.16; P 1⁄4 .01), it was marginally significantly higher than the reference group after adjustment for HDL-C (HR, 1.86; P 1⁄4 .06). Diet plus pravastatin treatment reduced the risk of cerebral infarction by 66% in the group with AFG plus high TGs (P 1⁄4 .03). Conclusions: Our findings contribute to the formulation of the hypothesis that patients with hypercholesterolemia having AFG plus high TGs have an increased risk of cerebral infarction. These are compatible with the result from the main study that patients with hypercholesterolemia randomized to diet plus pravastatin had a reduced risk of cerebral infarction.
Expression and function of TRPC channels in the female bovine reproductive 2 tract 3 4

count: 201 15 Number of figures: 7 16 * Author for correspondence: 17 Maryam Ghavideldarestani, PhD 18 Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, 19 Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, 20 Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK 21 Phone: +98-9111325394 22 Email: maryam.ghavideldarestani@gmail.com 23 Disclosure statement: 24 All authors have no potential financial conflicts of interest. 25
User K 1-DASH Get Request M-QAM modulation CSI High bandwidth Low delay Wireless channel Buffer Demodulation

Recently HTTP-based Dynamic Adaptive Streaming (DASH) has attracted significant attention. In this paper, we consider DASH-based transmission of scalable videos in wireless broadband access networks (e.g., LTE and WiMAX), and propose three methods to enhance the quality of experience (QoE) of wireless DASH users. First, we design an improved mapping scheme from SVC layers to DASH layers that can provide the desired bitrates, enhance the video end-to-end throughput, and reduce the HTTP communication overhead. Second, we develop a DASH friendly scheduling and resource allocation (DFSRA) algorithm by integrating the DASH-based media delivery and the radio-level adaptation via a cross-layer approach. It utilizes the characteristics of video content and scalable video coding, and greatly reduces the possibility of video playback interruption by considering the client buffer status. The optimization problem is formulated as a Mixed Binary Integer Programming (MBIP) problem, and is solved by a subgradient method. Finally, a DASH proxy-based bitrate stabilization (DPBS) algorithm is proposed to improve the video playback smoothness, which can achieve the desired tradeoff between playback quality and stability. Simulations with the Qualnet tool demonstrate that our schemes achieve better performances than other methods in the literature.
A RESEARCH ON THE HIERARCHY AND COMPLETENESS OF ROOF TOPOLOGY FOR ROBUST BUILDING RECONSTRUCTION FROM AIRBORNE POINT CLOUD

In this work, we concentrate on the hierarchy and completeness of roof topology, and the aim is to avoid or correct the errors in roof topology. The hierarchy of topology is expressed by the hierarchical roof topology graph (HRTG) in accord with the definition of CityGML LOD (level of details). We decompose the roof topology graph (RTG) with a progressive approach while maintain the integrality and consistency of the data set simultaneously. Common feathers like collinear ridges or boundaries are calculated integrally to maintain their completeness. The roof items will only detected locally to decrease the error caused by data spare or mutual interference. Finally, a topology completeness test is adopted to detect and correct errors in roof topology, which results in a complete and hierarchical building model. Experiments shows that our methods have obvious improvements to the RTG based reconstruction method, especially for sparse data or roof topology with ambiguous.
Modeling of distributed generators in 13 nodes IEEE test feeder

This work aims to develop a model capable of evaluating the behavior of distributed energy resources in 13-nodes IEEE systems as a result of the change in the disconnector’s opening protocol that creates a power generation island. The first scenario simulated a failure in the 632-671 line isolating the subsystem into two 375 kVA distributed generation units (DG) in the nodes 675 and 652. Likewise, a second scenario considered the aperture of the disconnector located between nodes 671 and 692 representing a 375 kVA DG feeding a 900 kVA load. The last scenario produced a threephase failure modeling two 500 kVA DG units in the nodes 634 and 646 supplying an 800 kVA load.
Adaptive Compressed Wideband Spectrum Detection Based on Optimized Measurement Matrix

The emergence of compressed sensing technology brought a revolutionary opportunity to wideband spectrum sensing, which could be used to reduce the sampling rate and reconstruct the sparse spectrum. In combination of measurement matrix optimization and adaptive process of compressive sampling, a modified adaptive compressed wideband spectrum sensing algorithm is proposed. In this paper, the column vector autocorrelation of the observation matrix was reduced, and the impact of optimized matrix on reconstruction algorithm was analyzed. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has a lower mean square error (MSE) than that of the traditional algorithm, and the detection probability is higher at the same number of observations.