Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differing Neurochemical and Morphological Sequelae of Global Ischemia: Comparison of Single‐ and Multiple‐Insult Paradigms

Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to investigate pathomechanisms responsible for the deleterious effects of repeated episodes of brief forebrain ischemia. Halothane‐anesthetized male Wistar rats were subjected to either (a) a single 15‐min period or (b) three 5‐min periods (separated by 1 h) of global forebrain ischemia by bilateral carotid artery occlusions plus hypotension (50 mm Hg), followed by various periods of recirculation. Brain temperature was normothermic throughout. In one series of rats, extracellular levels of glutamate, glycine, and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) were measured in the dorsolateral striatum (n = 6–8 per group) and lateral thalamus (n = 4–6 per group) by microdialysis and HPLC before and during ischemia and during 3–5 h of recirculation. In a parallel series of rats (n = 6 per group), ischemic cell change was quantified at 2 (dark neurons), 24, or 72 h following either single or multiple ischemic insults. A single 15‐min ischemic period led to massive glutamate release (13‐fold increase; p= 0.001), which returned to normal by 20–30 min of recirculation and remained normal thereafter. By contrast, in rats with three 5‐min periods of ischemia, the glutamate level rise with each repeated insult (four‐ to 4.5‐fold; p 0.02) was smaller than that observed during the single 15‐min insult, but a late sustained rise (five‐ to six‐fold; p < 0.05) occurred at 2–3 h of recirculation. Brief ischemia‐induced elevations of glycine and GABA levels were detected in both the single‐ and multiple‐insult groups, with normalization during recirculation. In contrast, the excitotoxic index, a composite measure of neurotransmitter release ([glutamate] X [glycine]/[GABA]), differed markedly following single versus multiple insults (p= 0.002 by repeated‐measures analysis of variance) and increased by seven‐ to 12‐fold (p < 0.05) at 1–3 h following the third insult. The total amount of glutamate released was 3.3‐fold higher in the multiple‐insult than in the single‐insult group (p < 0.02). At 2 h of recirculation, histopathological analysis of dorsolateral striatum showed a significantly greater frequency of dark neurons in the multiple‐ than in the single‐insult group (p < 0.05 by analysis of variance). In the thalamus, a higher frequency of ischemic neurons was seen in the multiple‐ than in the single‐insult group at all intervals studied. Thus, in rats with multiple ischemic insults, accelerated ischemic damage was found in the striatum, and severe ischemic injury was documented in the thalamus. These results demonstrate that multiple ischemic insults lead to a massive, sustained glutamate accumulation and to a major increase in the excitotoxic index during early recirculation, which is not seen following a single brief ischemic episode. These neurochemical changes correlate with our histopathological data showing an accelerated evolution of striatal pathology at 2 h following multiple ischemic insults.
Unusual thickness dependence of the superconducting transition of α-MoGe thin films

Thin films of $\ensuremath{\alpha}\text{-MoGe}$ show progressively reduced ${T}_{c}$'s as the thickness is decreased below 30 nm and the sheet resistance exceeds $100\text{ }\ensuremath{\Omega}/◻$. We have performed far-infrared transmission and reflection measurements for a set of $\ensuremath{\alpha}\text{-MoGe}$ films to characterize this weakened superconducting state. Our results show the presence of an energy gap with ratio $2{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{0}/{k}_{B}{T}_{c}=3.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1$ in all films studied, slightly higher than the BCS value, even though the transition temperatures decrease significantly as film thickness is reduced. The material properties follow BCS-Eliashberg theory with a large residual scattering rate but the expected coherence peak seen in the optical scattering rate is lost in the thinner samples. This result cannot be explained within conventional theories.
Membrane Topology of the ATP-binding Cassette Transporter Associated with Antigen Presentation (Tap1) Expressed in Escherichia coli*

The ATP-binding cassette transporters associated with antigen presentation (Tap1 and Tap2) mediate the transport of peptide fragments across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of mammalian cells. Tap1 and Tap2 are closely related to one another and are believed to function as a heterodimer. Each protein possesses a hydrophobic domain predicted to span the membrane multiple times and a highly conserved nucleotide-binding domain. We have assessed the transmembrane topology of Tap1 by expressing a series of fusions to a reporter protein, the mature form of β-lactamase in Escherichia coli. From these data a topological model can be derived in which Tap1 spans the membrane eight times, with several large loops exposed in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and with both the N and C termini (including the nucelotide-binding domain) residing in the cytoplasm.
Tunable Polarization Properties of Hybrid-Guiding Liquid-Crystal Photonic Crystal Fibers

Tunable polarization properties in hybrid-guiding photonic crystal fibers infiltrated with nematic liquid-crystalline materials are theoretically investigated, both in the case of uniform switching of the liquid crystal molecules and for realistic nematic director patterns. It is demonstrated that the bandgap formation mechanism and the modal transmission properties in such fibers offer the possibility for electrically switchable, wavelength-selective single-polarization and/or zero to extremely high-birefringence guidance.
Modeling the Deformation of the Elastin Network in the Aortic Valve.

This paper is concerned with proposing a suitable structurally motivated strain energy function, denoted by Weelastin network, for modeling the deformation of the elastin network within the aortic valve (AV) tissue. The AV elastin network is the main noncollagenous load-bearing component of the valve matrix, and therefore, in the context of continuum-based modeling of the AV, the Weelastin network strain energy function would essentially serve to model the contribution of the "isotropic matrix. " To date, such a function has mainly been considered as either a generic neo-Hookean term or a general exponential function. In this paper, we take advantage of the established structural analogy between the network of elastin chains and the freely jointed molecular chain networks to customize a structurally motivated Weelastin network function on this basis. The ensuing stress-strain (force-stretch) relationships are thus derived and fitted to the experimental data points reported by (Vesely, 1998, "The Role of Elastin in Aortic Valve Mechanics," J. Biomech., 31, pp. 115-123) for intact AV elastin network specimens under uniaxial tension. The fitting results are then compared with those of the neo-Hookean and the general exponential models, as the frequently used models in the literature, as well as the "Arruda-Boyce" model as the gold standard of the network chain models. It is shown that our proposed Weelastin network function, together with the general exponential and the Arruda-Boyce models provide excellent fits to the data, with R2 values in excess of 0.98, while the neo-Hookean function is entirely inadequate for modeling the AV elastin network. However, the general exponential function may not be amenable to rigorous interpretation, as there is no structural meaning attached to the model. It is also shown that the parameters estimated by the Arruda-Boyce model are not mathematically and structurally valid, despite providing very good fits. We thus conclude that our proposed strain energy function Weelastin network is the preferred choice for modeling the behavior of the AV elastin network and thereby the isotropic matrix. This function may therefore be superimposed onto that of the anisotropic collagen fibers family in order to develop a structurally motivated continuum-based model for the AV.
A multi-dimensional trust and reputation calculation model for cloud computing environments

The Cloud Computing (CC) is an Internet-based technology which offers a shared pool of highly available, virtualized, dynamically scalable, and configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, computing power, storage, applications, data, services, etc.). In the CC, the authentication as well as trust and reputation of the cloud users and service provider is a critical issue for the security of the cloud. Lots of articles previously present different trust models, but unfortunately, these trust models are not suitable for all cases as the trust is a non-measurable and subjective parameter that differs person to person. The trust involves many multi-dimensional factors such as evidence, reputation, expectations, feedback, history, risk, motivation, session behaviours, and so on. To addresses the above-mentioned issues, the paper present a novel multi-dimensional trust and reputation calculation model for the cloud computing, in which we integrate multiple trust factors that increase the novelty of the model. Additionally, we dynamically assign a weight for each trust and reputation factor using the Weighted Moving Average and Ordered Weighted Averaging (WMA-OWA) combination algorithm. The proposed model overcome the issues of the previous existing models. The detail presentation and analysis of the model shows that the model is appropriate and accurate for trust calculation in the cloud.
Oral hygiene measures and the periodontal status of school children.

BACKGROUND Tooth brushing and other mechanical cleaning procedures are considered the most reliable methods of effective plaque removal, which is essential for prevention of periodontal diseases. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between oral hygiene practices, socioeconomic status and gingival health in a group of Nigerian children. METHODS Our study population consisted of 242 randomly selected school children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Participants completed a questionnaire on oral hygiene measures, their gingival health was assessed using oral hygiene index (OHI), plaque index (PI) and index of gingival inflammation (GI). RESULTS Toothbrushing once daily was the most common practice (52.1%). Toothbrush with a fluoride-containing toothpaste was the most common tooth cleaning aid, while the up and down brushing technique was predominantly used. There was no statistically significant gender difference in toothbrushing frequency; however, significant gender differences were observed in PI and OHI scores (P<0.05). Gingivitis was absent in 28.9% of the children,, while 50.8% had mild, 13.6% moderate and 6.6% severe gingivitis. There was a weak but significant negative correlation between oral hygiene frequency and GI (P<0.05). Socioeconomic status had no relationship with oral hygiene frequency, however it had low but significant correlation with OHI and GI (P<0.05). A logistic regression analysis of the predictors on gingivitis showed that male gender and medium textured toothbrush had significant association with gingival health. CONCLUSIONS Gingival health was influenced by gender, socioeconomic status, oral hygiene frequency and toothbrush texture. Motivation to apply instructions given on oral health care and regular reinforcement are essential.
New multifrequency ternary signals: first period frequency response measurement

This paper introduces a new set of multifrequency ternary sequence (MTS) signals. They are MTS octave signals, which are designed by frequency shift keyed (FSK) modulation so that two separate parts of a frequency response are examined by one test signal. One of these signals is a new five-octave FSK MTS signal which is described by a total of 64 symbols. This is half the number of symbols required by the equivalent five-octave Van den Bos multifrequency binary sequence (MBS) signal. There are four, five, six, etc., octave FSK MTS in the set, all of which have one important advantage over an equivalent MBS signal. The switch-on transient is usually eliminated during the system identification of most systems by these signals. If it is not, the measurement code may be rearranged in an asymmetrical form to further minimize the switch-on transient during the first period of the signal. This means that two sets of accurate frequency estimates are obtained immediately after the first period of these novel signals. During this first period, when these signals are generated with a symmetrical code, a useful multifrequency measurement in the form of a data pattern may also be obtained. It may be used to condition monitor two separate parts of the frequency response of a system. The advantages of the five-octave FSK MTS test signal are illustrated with the aid of a recently developed data measurement toolbox using a simulated process with three lags.
Histone deacetylase activity is required for human oligodendrocyte progenitor differentiation

The molecular mechanisms controlling human oligodendrocyte development are poorly characterized. Microarray analysis of human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and immature oligodendrocytes revealed that specific‐class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) target genes were actively repressed during oligodendrocyte commitment. Although epigenetic regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation has been established in rodent development, the role of HDACs in human OPCs remains undefined. We used HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) trichostatin A (TSA) and sodium butyrate to determine the importance of HDAC activity in human primary OPC differentiation. Treatment with either drug resulted in significant dose‐dependent inhibition of O4+ oligodendrocyte cell differentiation, reduction of oligodendrocyte morphological maturation, and downregulation of myelin basic protein mRNA. High dose TSA treatment was also associated with reduction in OPC proliferation. HDACi treatment prevented downregulation of SOX2, ID4, and TCF7L2 mRNAs but did not regulate HES5, suggesting that targets of HDAC repression may differ between species. These results predict that HDACi treatment would impair proliferation and differentiation by parenchymal oligodendrocyte progenitors, and thereby degrade their potential for endogenous repair in human demyelinating disease. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inclusion complexation between baicalein and β-cyclodextrin and the influence of β-cyclodextrin on the binding of baicalein with DNA: a spectroscopic approach

This work deals with the commonly studied cyclic oligosaccharide and gains importance as it is entered on a drug delivering carbohydrate and provides insight into the oligosaccharide complex–biomolecular interaction. The binding of a flavone, baicalein, to β-cyclodextrin and calf thymus DNA is studied. The binding of baicalein to calf thymus DNA in the presence of β-cyclodextrin is analysed using the UV–vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The mode of binding and structure of the baicalein–β-cyclodextrin complex are reported. The role of the structure and the stoichiometry of the inclusion complex of baicalein–β-cyclodextrin in its influence on DNA binding are analysed. Highlights • This paper deals with the binding of a flavone, baicalein to β-cyclodextrin and/or DNA. • The inclusion complexation between baicalein and β-cyclodextrin is analysed. • The stoichiometry and the binding strength of the inclusion complex is reported. • The role of β-cyclodextrin in tuning the binding of baicalein to DNA is emphasized. • Spectroscopic and docking analysis are used to articulate the results. Graphical abstract The influence of β-cyclodextrin on the binding of baicalein with DNA
Introduction to Stochastic Computing using a Remote Lab with Reconfigurable Logic

This short paper introduces the basic concepts of Stochastic Computing (SC), and presents additions to a remote lab with reconfigurable logic to allow testing SC circuits. Recently, SC has been revisited and evaluated as a possible way of performing approximate probabilistic computations for artificial perception systems. New modules allow the generation of pseudo-random numbers, given a seed key and using linear feedback shift registers, but also having true random number generation using ring oscillators and embedded PLLs. Stochastic computing allows a tradeoff between resource usage and precision, allowing very simple circuits to perform computations, at the expense of a longer integration time to have reasonable results. We provide the basic stochastic computing modules, so that any user can use them to build a stochastic computing circuit and go beyond software simulations, providing a remote hardware device to test real circuits at high clock speeds.
Influence of lock aspect ratio upon the evolution of an axisymmetric intrusion

Abstract Through theory and numerical simulations in an axisymmetric geometry, we examine evolution of a symmetric intrusion released from a cylindrical lock in stratified fluid as it depends upon the ambient interface thickness, $h$ , and the lock aspect ratio ${R}_{c} / H$ , in which ${R}_{c} $ is the lock radius and $H$ is the ambient depth. Whereas self-similarity and shallow-water theory predicts that intrusions, once established, should decelerate shortly after release from the lock, we find that the intrusions rapidly accelerate and then enter a constant-speed regime that extend between $2{R}_{c} $ and $5{R}_{c} $ from the gate, depending upon the relative interface thickness ${\delta }_{h} \equiv h/ H$ . This result is consistent with previously performed laboratory experiments. Scaling arguments predict that the distance, ${R}_{a} $ , over which the lock fluid first accelerates increases linearly with ${R}_{c} $ if ${R}_{c} / H\ll 1$ and ${R}_{a} / H$ approaches a constant for high aspect ratios. Likewise in the constant-speed regime, the speed relative to the rectilinear speed, $U/ {U}_{\infty } $ , increases linearly with ${R}_{c} / H$ if the aspect ratio is small and is of order unity if ${R}_{c} / H\gg 1$ . Beyond the constant-speed regime, the intrusion front decelerates rapidly, with power-law exponent as large as $0. 7$ if the relative ambient interface thickness, ${\delta }_{h} \lesssim 0. 2$ . For intrusions in uniformly stratified fluid ( ${\delta }_{h} = 1$ ), the power-law exponent is close to $0. 2$ . Except in special cases, the exponents differ significantly from the $1/ 2$ power predicted from self-similarity and the $1/ 3$ power predicted for intrusions from partial-depth lock releases.
Comparisons of diagnosis in mapping repair systems

Coherent mappings become very important things in improving the quality of alignments in ontology matching process. Mapping repairs will restore the incoherent condition into the coherent one by removing undesired correspondences. The ability to remove the undesired correspondences as minimal as possible is called minimal diagnosis. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and to compare minimal diagnosis in LogMap Repair, AML Repair, and ALCOMO. The results are comparisons of repair systems and diagnosis techniques. There are two quadrants (of four quadrants) that are matched to the goal of minimal diagnosis, namely quadrant 1 and quadrant 4. The open issues in this field will be exploring the characteristic of four quadrants and comparing them with diagnosis technique.
Leveraging Integration: Toward Efficient Linearized All-Silicon IC Transmitters

Recent efforts in efficient linearized all-Si IC transmitters have produced a 7x increase in output power and a +15% increase in PAE (over the 2008 PAE state of the art of 20%) of integrated Si mm-wave PAs. A number of on-chip integrated, highly linear transmitter architecture approaches have been developed and demonstrated.
ELEMENTARY STABILITY CONSIDERATIONS FOR BOWED-STRING MOTION

Using the approach first pioneered by Raman, the Helmholtz motion of a bowed string is discussed as a special case of “two‐velocity motions,” in which a given point (at which the bow is located) alternates, in the course of a cycle, between two constant velocities. The fact that the bow typically presents a negative resistance to the string during the “slipping” part of the cycle is adduced as a reason for the “duty cycle,” that is, the fraction of the period that corresponds to slipping, to try to become as short as possible. It is shown that, for a string without dissipation or stiffness, this duty cycle can be arbitrarily low for general bow positions; data obtained with the “digital bow” illustrate this behavior. It is shown theoretically, and confirmed with computer simulations, that instabilities arising from the negative slipping resistance cannot be eliminated by assigning a finite positive value to the sticking resistance. The apparent stability of Helmholtz motion observed in real playing situat.
Diversity of Culturable Chitinolytic Bacteria from Rhizospheres of Agronomic Plants in Japan

National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region (NARCH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 9–4 Shinsei-minami, Memuro-cho, Kasai-gun, Hokkaido 082–0081, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Utsunomiya University, 7–1–2 Yoto, Utsunomiya 321–8585, Japan; National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), NARO, 3–1–1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8666, Japan; Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution, NARO, 1–40–2 Nisshin, Kita, Saitama, Saitama 331–8537, Japan; National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2–1–2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8602, Japan; and Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812–8581, Japan
The role of free electrons in the guiding of positive streamers

Because positive streamers propagate opposite to the electron drift velocity, their growth not only depends on the local electric field, but also on the electron density ahead of them. We have recently demonstrated the importance of this electron density, by showing that positive streamers could be guided by weak preionization from a laser. Here, we study streamer guiding in nitrogen–oxygen mixtures in more detail, to better understand the propagation of positive streamers. First, the conditions required for guiding are investigated, both experimentally and with three-dimensional numerical simulations. Particular focus is on the role of oxygen and photoionization, which tend to inhibit guiding. Then the position of the guided streamers is investigated, and successfully related to the electron drift.
Bounding the execution time of real-time tasks on modern processors

Finding a tight estimate on the execution time of tasks in embedded hard real time systems is gaining complexity and importance. Up-to-date processors are equipped with acceleration techniques to bridge the gap between the fast core frequency of the processors and the comparably slow main memory. On the other hand, the application field of real time systems is continuously widening to more complex systems. To keep up with the evolution of processors, it is proposed to lay more weight on measurement and less on modeling. By analyzing the control flow graph the compiler uses for optimization, systematic information on how the code has to be measured can be gained. Using this information, the code can be automatically instrumented and measured to bound the execution time of the real time tasks.