Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of petal topography of Lysimachia arvensis grown under natural conditions

Abstract The present study revealed that adaxial and abaxial petal epidermises of the blue-flowered Lysimachia arvensis consist of elongated, multi-micro-papillate cells, which may aid the rapid petal expansion. The epidermal cells are covered by a wrinkled relief, which is further ornamented by submicron features that increase in size the surface area of lobes; this may be a well-adapted mechanism of the small-sized flowers of L. arvensis with the short life span. The sculpturally increased surface area of adaxial epidermal cells of petals is expected to contribute to optical and adhesive properties, and wettability of the floral tissues. The adaxial and the abaxial petal surfaces of L. arvensis possess submicron cuticular folds, smaller than the sub-wavelength visible spectrum, which reflect radiation of shorter rather than longer wavelengths, whereas intense absorption was detected in the red spectral region. Also, three-celled capitate trichomes with a pigmented spherical head, which are densely distributed at the corolla margins of L. arvensis, may be involved in adhesive, defensive and functional properties of the floral tissues.
Curriculum Viability Indicators: A Delphi Study to Determine Standards and Inhibitors of a Curriculum

Curriculum evaluation is typically done by using quality standards defined by accrediting bodies. This does not include inhibitors that hinder the achievement of standards. Hence, to address both standards and inhibitors, we have coined the new concept of “curriculum viability. ” This study establishes consensus among experts on curriculum viability indicators, i.e. standards and inhibitors, and aims to provide a framework for evaluating the curriculum viability. The study was done in two phases. In the first phase, a consensus was established on the curriculum viability indicators using the Modified Delphi Technique using two rounds. In the first round of the Delphi process, 25 experts participated, which were reduced to 19 in the second round. After two rounds, experts developed a consensus on 40 out of 44 items. These included 27 standards and 13 inhibitors. In the second phase, 18 experts rank-ordered the indicators according to their relative importance in the areas of educational content and strategies, faculty, leadership, assessment, students, educational/working environment, communication, and technology. The list of indicators provides a framework for evaluating the curriculum viability, and their ordering enables curriculum managers to prioritize them during curriculum evaluation.
Incidence, persistence and risk factors of fear of falling in older adults: cohort study (2008–2013) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the incidence and persistence of fear of falling in older adults and the clinical/functional, psychosocial and lifestyle-related risk factors. METHODS A longitudinal study with 393 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and over (110 men/ 283 women) resident in the North Zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The fear of falling was assessed by the Falls Efficacy Scale-I-BR. The explanatory variables assessed were: number of comorbidities and medicines, history of falls, fracture from falling, use of walking aids, functional dependence in basic and instrumental activities of daily living, hearing and visual impairment, hand grip strength, walking speed, self-rated health, body mass index, depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, living alone and activity level. Incidence, persistence and risk factors were estimated. Multivariate analysis was performed using Poisson Regression, obtaining relative risks (RR) and corresponding to 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Among the 393 participants, fear of falling occurred in 33.5% and was persistent in 71.3%. Incidence was found to associate with using seven or more medicines and reporting worse activity level than the prior year. Risk factors for persistent fear were: using seven or more medicines, a history of one or two falls, reduced walking speed, hearing impairment, cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms and poor or very poor self-rated health. CONCLUSION Fear of falling is a frequent and persistent condition. Many factors related to persistent fear showed no association with the incidence of fear, emphasizing the need for focused strategies to reduce risk factors that may be associated with the chronification of fear of falling.
FINDING THE BEST LOCATIONS FOR FURROWS IN SOIL BERMS OF DRAINAGE DITCHES USING LIDAR DATA

Soil berms are typically built on the sides of ditches and are designed to purify water from agricultural fertilizers and to limit the transport of sediments to water bodies. However, for soils with fine particles, water filtration is limited and wet soil conditions can occur, which in turn reduces the soil's hydrologic conductivity capacity and hinders tree growth in the forest. The aim of the study is to develop a methodology for automatic modeling of the furrows in soil berms. Open source software QGIS and GRASS GIS is used in data processing. LiDAR data with minimum ground point density of 1.5 points per square meter were used in DEM creation. Local maximum analysis and further data filtration were used in determination of locations of soil berms. The results show that by making one furrow for every 185 m of ditches it is possible to reduce the area of the depressions by up to 91.8%.
FACTORS INFLUENCING EGG SURVIVAL OF SCOLYPOPA AUSTRALIS WALKER (HEMIPTERA-HOMOPTERA: RICANIIDAE) IN THE SYDNEY AREA (N.S.W. AUSTRALIA)

Summary An analysis of oviposition materials of Scolypopa australis Walker, from the Sydney area, N.S. W. , has been carried out to ascertain the factors influencing egg survival. This follows a similar assessment in New Zealand. Eggs have been classified under the categories: died during emergence; normal emergence; parasitized by the aphelinid Centrodora scolypopae Val. ; parasitized by undetermined scelionid; shrivelled through various causes; destroyed by chrysopid.
Self-reported sleep patterns and quality amongst adolescents: cross-sectional and prospective associations with anxiety and depression.

BACKGROUND Sleep problems are common in adolescence, and frequently comorbid with both anxiety and depression. Research studies have suggested a bidirectional relationship between sleep and psychopathology, which includes evidence that sleep interventions can alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression. However, little is known about the nature of sleep problems amongst adolescents with anxiety and depression, and whether specific sleeping difficulties are involved in the longitudinal relationship between sleep, anxiety and depression. METHOD The sample was derived from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a population-based, prospective, birth cohort study of children born in 1991-1992. Data were explored from a subset of participants who took part in a clinical assessment at age 15, on self-report sleep patterns and quality, and diagnostic outcomes of anxiety and depression (N = 5,033). Subsequent diagnostic and symptom severity data on anxiety and depression at ages 17, 21 and 24 were also examined. RESULTS Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between sleep problems, anxiety and depression. Results revealed that adolescents aged 15 with depression experience difficulties with both sleep patterns and sleep quality, whereas adolescents with anxiety only reported problems with sleep quality. A range of sleep variables at age 15 predicted the severity of anxiety and depression symptoms and the diagnoses of anxiety and depressive disorders at age 17, 21 and 24 years. CONCLUSIONS The results provide further insight into the nature of sleep problems amongst adolescents with anxiety and depression, and the prospective relationship between sleep disturbance and future psychopathology. These data suggest that targeting sleep difficulties during adolescence may have long-term mental health benefits.
On 4D printing as a revolutionary fabrication technique for smart structures

Since the inception of additive manufacturing (AM) which is colloquially known as 3D printing, tremendous technological advancements have been achieved over the years thanks to the unwavering research efforts. Particularly, the progress in the 3D printable materials to include stimuli-responsive materials has been hailed as one of the most significant breakthroughs in AM. The combination of the smart materials and the AM’s ability to fabricate intricate geometries has given rise to an emerging fabrication method which has been dubbed 4D printing due to its ability to imbue the printed structure with dynamic capabilities (4th dimension). 4D printing has received unprecedented research interest owing to its potential applications in a myriad of fields including medical, aerospace, soft electronics, morphing structures, and even fashion wear. In the spirit of furthering the concept of 4D printing; this review presents its general background, recent advancements, various methods of 4D printing, applications, current challenges, and future possibilities.
Genetic and morphological analyses of 50-chromosome spined loaches (Cobitis, Cobitidae, Pisces) from the Black Sea basin that are morphologically similar to C. taenia, with the description of a new species

A b s t r a c t . Karyotyped specimens from three populations of spined loaches, genus Cobitis, that occurred in the Veleka (Bulgaria), Chernaya (Crimean Peninsula) and Southern Bug (Ukraine) Rivers in north-western Pontic region were subjected to enzyme electrophoresis (for 5 loci), comparative morphological studies, and phylogenetic analysis (based on PCR of a 1230 bp fragment of mtDNA and the cytochrome b gene). These studies resulted in the description of loaches from the Crimean Peninsula as a new species Cobitis taurica, while the taxonomic status of populations from the Veleka and S. Bug rivers appeared to be controversial and in need of further investigation.
The phylogenetic distribution of Tic20 family members

Tic20 is a central, membrane­embedded component of the protein translocon of the inner envelope of chloro­ plasts (TIC). In Arabidopsis thaliana, four isoforms of Tic20 exist, namely atTic20­I, ­II, ­IV and­V. Recent stu­ dies demonstrated that the proteins are localised in the mitochondrial membrane, the chloroplast envelope membrane and in thylakoids. The protein sequences form two distinct phylogenetic subfamilies in embryo­ phyta. Consistent with atTic20­I being the only essen­ tial isoform for chloroplast development the protein is exclusively targeted to the chloroplast’s inner enve­ lope. In here, we discuss a possible reason for the evo­ lutionary occurrence of the divergence of this protein family.
Angiotensin Receptor‐Neprilysin Inhibition Attenuates Right Ventricular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension

Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) results in increased right ventricular (RV) afterload and ventricular remodeling. Sacubitril/valsartan (sac/val) is a dual acting drug, composed of the neprilysin inhibitor sacubitril and the angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan, that has shown promising outcomes in reducing the risk of death and hospitalization for chronic systolic left ventricular heart failure. In this study, we aimed to examine if angiotensin receptor‐neprilysin inhibition using sac/val attenuates RV remodeling in PH. Methods and Results RV pressure overload was induced in Sprague–Dawley rats via banding the main pulmonary artery. Three different cohorts of controls, placebo‐treated PH, and sac/val‐treated PH were studied in a 21‐day treatment window. Terminal invasive hemodynamic measurements, quantitative histological analysis, biaxial mechanical testing, and constitutive modeling were employed to conduct a multiscale analysis on the effects of sac/val on RV remodeling in PH. Sac/val treatment decreased RV maximum pressures (29% improvement, P=0.002), improved RV contractile (30%, P=0.012) and relaxation (29%, P=0.043) functions, reduced RV afterload (35% improvement, P=0.016), and prevented RV‐pulmonary artery uncoupling. Furthermore, sac/val attenuated RV hypertrophy (16% improvement, P=0.006) and prevented transmural reorientation of RV collagen and myofibers (P=0.011). The combined natriuresis and vasodilation resulting from sac/val led to improved RV biomechanical properties and prevented increased myofiber stiffness in PH (61% improvement, P=0.032). Conclusions Sac/val may prevent maladaptive RV remodeling in a pressure overload model via amelioration of RV pressure rise, hypertrophy, collagen, and myofiber reorientation as well as tissue stiffening both at the tissue and myofiber level.
SHORT COMMUNICATION Identification and characterization of caleosin in Cycas revoluta pollen

Oil bodies are essential energy storage organelles that are generally present in the seeds of plants. Caleosin protein has been identified in the seed oil bodies of Cycas revolutaseed. In this study, mature Cycas revoluta pollen grains were collected from cycad elliptical cones. However, the isolation and identification of oil bodies protein from mature Cycas revoluta grains have never been experimentally determined. Ultrastructural studies have shown that the oil bodies were present in pollen Cycas revoluta grains. Lipid analysis showed that oil bodies are predominantly composed of triacylglycerol. Complete cDNA fragments encoding the caleosin were obtained by PCR cloning. Phylogenetic tree analyzes showed that cycad pollen caleosin is closely related to the caleosin of Cycas revoluta seeds. Fresh Cycas revoluta pollen grains were allowed to germinate for 48 h in a germination medium containing 2% sucrose and 0.01% H3BO3. Pollen germination were recorded periodically from day one to day 10 and the results showed that the Cycas revoluta pollen elongate the tube and increasing of triacylglycerol(TAG) after 4 days. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 17 May 2020
HIGHLY INCOMPLETE TAXA AND THE PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF THE THEROPOD DINOSAUR JURAVENATOR STARKI

Göhlich and Chiappe (2006) described a new theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of Germany as Juravenator starki. Juravenator starki is based on an exquisite and nearly complete skeleton, and soft tissue is preserved along the tibiae and proximal caudal vertebrae. The authors included J. starki within a phylogenetic analysis and concluded that this taxon could be assigned to the clade Compsognathidae, which was positioned within the more inclusive theropod clade Coelurosauria. The presence of feathers or feather-like integument has previously been considered synapomorphic for Coelurosauria (Norell and Xu, 2005), and the apparent absence of feathers in J. starki led Göhlich and Chiappe (2006) to suggest that feather evolution may have been more complex than previously realized. Given the potential importance of J. starki in elucidating theropod evolution, a robust assessment of its phylogenetic position is essential. Here, we reassess the phylogenetic analysis presented by Göhlich and Chiappe (2006) and demonstrate that their protocol for dealing with unstable/fragmentary taxa has led to suboptimal assessment of the phylogenetic relationships of J. starki and other theropods.
Congnostics: Visual Features for Doubly Time Series Plots

In this paper, we propose an analytical approach to automatically extract visual features from doubly time series capturing the unusual associations which are not otherwise possible by investigating individual time series alone. We have extended the visual measures for 2D scatterplots, incorporated univariate time series analysis, and proposed new visual features for doubly time series plots. These measures are discussed and demonstrated via visual examples to clarify their implications and their effectiveness. The results show that distributions, trend, shape, noise, among other characteristics, can be used to uncover the latent features and events in temporal datasets
Some aspects of circulation and mixing in lower reaches of Periyar estuary, west coast of India

Dans l'estuaire du fleuve Periyar, cote occidentale de l'Inde, la circulation et le melange des eaux marines et douces sont analyses en fonction du temps et a partir des donnees de courantometrie, de densite et temperature de l'eau
Enhanced tolerance and accumulation of heavy metal ions by engineered Escherichia coli expressing Pyrus calleryana phytochelatin synthase

Contamination by heavy metals is a major environmental problem worldwide and microbial bioremediation is an efficient method for removing this type of pollution. The plant enzyme phytochelatin synthase (PCS, also known as glutathione γ‐glutamylcysteinyltransferase, EC 2.3.2.15) involved in the synthesis of phytochelatins (PCs), which are metal‐binding cysteine‐rich peptides, has a major role in the detoxification of heavy metals in plants. Expression of the PcPCS1 gene from the bean pear (Pyrus calleryana Dcne.) was induced after cadmium and copper treatments. However, functional analysis of this gene in vivo has not been reported. And it is or not suitable for bioremediation also needs to be assessed. In this study, we found Escherichia coli with over‐expressed PcPCS1 had enhanced tolerance to cadmium, copper, sodium, and mercury. E. coli cells transformed with pPcPCS1 was found to survive in solid M9 medium containing 2.0 mM Cd2+, 4.0 mM Cu2+, 4.5% (w/v) Na+, or 200 µM Hg2+. Moreover, the growth curve showed 1.5 mM Cd2+, 2.5 mM Cu2+, 3.5% (w/v) Na+, and 100 µM Hg2+ had no effect on the growth of the E. coli cells transformed with pPcPCS1. Also, we found the contents of PCs and the accumulation of cadmium, copper, sodium, and mercury ions were enhanced in the recombinant E. coli strain Rosetta™ (DE3). These results suggested the PcPCS1 gene might be a candidate for heavy metal bioremediation via recombinant bacteria.
The weekend effect and workforce in kidney transplantation

The weekend effect, an association of increased mortality with admission to hospital on the weekend, appears to be true albeit contested. Its cause is unknown but may be weekend staffing. Studies of transplant registries in the U.S., U.K., Australia and New Zealand, and now France, and a single center study in Germany, gratifyingly have shown no weekend effect on patient and graft survival in deceased donor kidney transplantation. However, an increase in early surgical complications has been shown, possibly reflecting technical error as a manifestation of fatigue due to weekend staffing. This observation should be acknowledged in the design and staffing of the workforce of transplant programs.
Whole‐blood dysregulation of actin‐cytoskeleton pathway in adult spinal muscular atrophy patients

Recent advances in therapeutics have improved prognosis for severely affected spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1 and 2 patients, while the best method of treatment for SMA type 3 patients with later onset of disease is unknown. To better characterize the SMA type 3 population and provide potential therapeutic targets, we aimed to understand gene expression differences in whole blood of SMA type 3 patients (n = 31) and age‐ and gender‐matched controls (n = 34).
Origin, Growth, and Composition of the Recovering Peregrine Falcon Population in Ontario

Abstract After an absence of more than two decades, Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) resumed nesting in Ontario in 1986. Between 1991 and 2006, at least 193 young fledged in southern Ontario and 548 young fledged in northern Ontario. The number of breeding pairs, nesting attempts, successful nests, and young fledged all steadily increased in both regions throughout this period. In southern Ontario, 25% of the breeding adults produced nearly 50% of all fledglings, and 87% of the fledglings came from just eight breeding sites. Direction of natal dispersal was variable, but females consistently moved farther than males, and there was frequent movement both to and from adjacent American states. The population recovery resulted from the release of 592 captive-bred F. p. anatum juveniles in Ontario between 1977 and 2005, plus immigration from other provinces and release efforts in adjacent regions of the United States, where at least five subspecies contributed to the gene pool of captive-bred birds. Encounter rates for both captive-bred and wild-fledged young in Ontario have been low, but wild-raised young have been recruited to the breeding population almost twice as frequently as captive-bred birds. This difference partially explains the genetic composition of the southern Ontario population, where at most 21% of nesting attempts between 1995 and 2006 involved a pair of Canadian-released anatum adults, and 59% of cases involved at least one adult of American origin. Therefore, although the Ontario population has exceeded documented historical levels, it may not be greater than actual historical numbers, and it cannot be strictly considered an anatum population.
Apport de l’information temporelle des contextes pour la représentation vectorielle continue des mots

Les représentations vectorielles continues des mots sont en plein essor et ont déjà été appliquées avec succès à de nombreuses tâches en traitement automatique de la langue (TAL). Dans cet article, nous proposons d’intégrer l’information temporelle issue du contexte des mots au sein des architectures fondées sur les sacs-de-mots continus (continuous bag-of-words ou CBOW) ou sur les Skip-Grams. Ces approches sont manipulées au travers d’un réseau de neurones, l’architecture CBOW cherchant alors à prédire un mot sachant son contexte, alors que l’architecture Skip-Gram prédit un contexte sachant un mot. Cependant, ces modèles, au travers du réseau de neurones, s’appuient sur des représentations en sac-de-mots et ne tiennent pas compte, explicitement, de l’ordre des mots. En conséquence, chaque mot a potentiellement la même influence dans le réseau de neurones. Nous proposons alors une méthode originale qui intègre l’information temporelle des contextes des mots en utilisant leur position relative. Cette méthode s’inspire des modèles contextuels continus. L’information temporelle est traitée comme coefficient de pondération, en entrée du réseau de neurones par le CBOW et dans la couche de sortie par le Skip-Gram. Les premières expériences ont été réalisées en utilisant un corpus de test mesurant la qualité de la relation sémantique-syntactique des mots. Les résultats préliminaires obtenus montrent l’apport du contexte des mots, avec des gains de 7 et 7,7 points respectivement avec l’architecture Skip-Gram et l’architecture CBOW.
From schoolboy teams to college dreams: player progression on the League of Ireland elite underage pathway- an early look at the first structured approach to elite adult football in the League of Ireland

Abstract A new structured Player Pathway for League of Ireland clubs in the Republic of Ireland was launched in 2014, the central tenet being the provision of a direct route from schoolboy to elite adult football, something which had not existed previously. It was to be introduced in stages, beginning with the Under-19s. In August 2014, 354 players were named on the team-sheets for the opening round of the reformed Elite Under-19 leagues. One year later, a further 361 players were named for the opening round of matches in the Under-17 level. This study focuses on the 715 players in these two cohorts, tracking their progress in football through to the start of the 2020 season. It also tracks their engagement with the educational opportunities available to them over the same period. This is a particularly important consideration given the importance of educational qualifications for young footballers, in relation to future employment prospects both in and outside the game.