Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the inclusive W (cid:1) and Z=(cid:1) (cid:2) cross sections in the e and (cid:2) decay channels in pp collisions at ﬃﬃﬃ s p ¼ 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The production cross sections of the inclusive Drell-Yan processes W (cid:1) ! ‘(cid:1) and Z=(cid:2) (cid:2) ! ‘‘ ( ‘ ¼ e , (cid:3) ) are measured in proton-proton collisions at ﬃﬃﬃ s p ¼ 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. The cross sections are reported integrated over a ﬁducial kinematic range, extrapolated to the full range, and also evaluated differentially as a function of the W decay lepton pseudorapidity and the Z boson rapidity, respectively. Based on an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb (cid:3) 1 collected in 2010, the precision of these measurements reaches a few percent. The integrated and the differential W (cid:1) and Z=(cid:2) (cid:2) cross sections in the e and (cid:3) channels are combined, and compared with perturbative QCD calculations, based on a number of different parton distribution sets available at next-to-next-to-leading order. The inclusive heavy-quark cross at These with on transverse momentum of partons involved in ^ p . No systematic uncertainties for the and heavy-quark cross since methods normalization and their systematic uncertainties from (see
Design of FIR Digital Differentiators Using Maximal Linearity Constraints

SUMMARY Classical designs of maximally flat finite impulse response digital filters need to perform inverse discrete Fourier transformation of the frequency responses, in order to calculate the impulse response coefficients. Several attempts have been made to simplify the designs by obtaining explicit formulas for the impulse response coefficients. Such formulas have been derived for digital differentiators having maximal linearity at zero frequency, using different techniques including interpolating polynomials and the Taylor series etc. We show that these formulas can be obtained directly by application of maximal linearity constraints on the frequency response. The design problem is formulated as a system of linear equations, which can be solved to achieve maximal linearity at an arbitrary frequency. Certain special characteristics of the determinant of the coefficients matrix of these equations are explored for designs centered at zero frequency, and are used in derivation of explicit formulas for the impulse
Coupling of Dimethylsulﬁde Oxidation to Biomass Production by a Marine Flavobacterium (cid:1)

Dimethylsulﬁde (DMS) is an important climatically active gas. In the sea, DMS is produced primarily by microbial metabolism of the compatible solute dimethylsulfoniopropionate. Laboratory growth of Bacteroidetes with DMS resulted in its oxidation to dimethyl sulfoxide but only in the presence of glucose. We hypothesized that electrons liberated from sulfur oxidation were used to augment biomass production. The gas dimethylsulﬁde (DMS) is regarded as an important volatile sulfur species because, in the atmosphere, its oxidation products are postulated to inﬂuence large-scale climate regu-lation through enhanced cloud formation (5). The production of DMS from marine sources has been calculated to represent a signiﬁcant proportion (ca. 50 to 84%) of its total global production (2, 30). While terrestrial DMS production is primarily industrial in origin, marine DMS comes principally from microbial breakdown of the compatible solute dimethylsulfo-niopropionate (DMSP) (20). However, only a relatively small fraction of the total DMS produced escapes to the atmosphere (3, 10, 21), with the majority being turned over by biological processes in a matter of days (e.g., 0.6 to 4.6 days [see refer-ence 21]).
Reversible Wavelet Transforms and Their Application to Embedded Image Compression

The design and implementation of reversible wavelet/subband transforms and their application to reversible embedded image compression are studied. Reversible embedded image coding provides a natural way for building uni ed lossy/lossless image compression systems, and reversible transforms are a key component in such systems. A lifting-based method is examined as a means for constructing reversible versions of linear M -band subband transforms. The method is shown to produce reversible transforms that well approximate their parent linear transforms even when computed using xed-point arithmetic. Also, a simple and practical software algorithm for reversible transform construction is described. By combining ideas from both lifting and the S+P transform, a more general framework for the design of reversible transforms is proposed. This new framework generates a larger class of reversible transforms than lifting alone, and includes all lifted transforms as a subset. Several reversible transforms constructed using lifting are employed in a reversible embedded image compression system based on the so called Embedded Zerotree Wavelet (EZW) coding scheme. Both 2-band and M -band transforms are considered. Many practically useful observations as to which transforms are most e ective for various classes of images and what types of artifacts are associated with the various transforms are made. The merits of full versus partial embedding and periodic versus symmetric extension are also investigated. Based on some of the observations made, a multi-transform approach to image compression is proposed. With this scheme, the decorrelating transform employed by the image coder is selected on a per image basis using image-speci c information. Although the transform selection algorithm is extremely simple and has only modest computational requirements, results show that this new approach yields better compression performance than is possible with the use of a single xed transform such as the S+P transform.
A Dataset of Alt Texts from HCI Publications: Analyses and Uses Towards Producing More Descriptive Alt Texts of Data Visualizations in Scientific Papers

Figures in scientific publications contain important information and results, and alt text is needed for blind and low vision readers to engage with their content. We conduct a study to characterize the semantic content of alt text in HCI publications based on a framework introduced by Lundgard and Satyanarayan [30]. Our study focuses on alt text for graphs, charts, and plots extracted from HCI and accessibility publications; we focus on these communities due to the lack of alt text in papers published outside of these disciplines. We find that the capacity of author-written alt text to fulfill blind and low vision user needs is mixed; for example, only 50% of alt texts in our sample contain information about extrema or outliers, and only 31% contain information about major trends or comparisons conveyed by the graph. We release our collected dataset of author-written alt text, and outline possible ways that it can be used to develop tools and models to assist future authors in writing better alt text. Based on our findings, we also discuss recommendations that can be acted upon by publishers and authors to encourage inclusion of more types of semantic content in alt text.
Comparison of particle deposition for realistic adult and adolescent upper airway geometries using unsteady computational fluid dynamics

Particle deposition in the respiratory tract is studied in order to better understand the negative health effects due to cigarette smoke inhalation. Until recently, idealized models of the respiratory airways based on the original Weibel model have been used to calculate deposition. These models consist of symmetric bifurcating airways and do not take into account variations of airway diameter, and asymmetry in the human respiratory tract. Until recently, little work has been done to accurately recreate the entire upper respiratory tract including the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Technological improvement has changed the way in which researchers approach this problem. With the advent of high resolution scans of the respiratory tract, accurate replica models can be created to better predict cigarette smoke particle (CSP) deposition. These models recreate actual lung geometries found in patients. For this thesis, two realistic geometric models are created. One is based on an adult male and the other on an adolescent male. CSP deposition is determined for both models in order to compare the difference cased by age in smoking. In addition, an unsteady breathing curve, indicative of realistic smoking behavior is utilized to more accurately represent the breathing conditions. Both models consist of the oral cavity, throat, larynx, trachea, and first five to seven generations of the lungs. The adult model is based on a dental cast of the mouth, a CT scan of the throat and larynx, and images based on the National Institute of Health’s Visible Human Project for the tracheobronchial tree. The adolescent model is based upon a scaled oral cavity and CT scans of the rest of the reparatory tract. The program 3D Doctor is used to reconstruct the two dimensional CT scan images into a three dimensional model. VPSculpt and SolidWorks are used to combine the different parts of the models and clean up the geometry. The geometry is meshed in Gambit and exported to the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package Fluent to perform the fluid flow and particle deposition analysis. The Fluent Discrete Phase Model (DPM) is used to determine particle trajectories and deposition. It is found that deposition increases with the size of the inhaled particles. Particles tend to deposit towards the back of the throat, the area of the trachea just below the glottis, and at bifurcations in the airways. However, when compared to other studies in literature, deposition tended to be higher with smaller particle sizes, but more comparable with larger particle sizes. Adolescent deposition was found to be lower than adult deposition for all particle sizes.
Production of second generation bioethanolfrom straw during simultaneous microbial saccharification and fermentation

: The aim of the study was to evaluate the biochemical possibilities of converting waste lignocellulosic biomass to second generation bioethanol. Three substrates were used in the research: barley straw, rye straw and triticale straw. In the ﬁ rst stage of the research bacterial strains capable of converting waste biomass to produce sugars used to produce energy-useful ethanol were selected. Of the eight strains isolated the three with the highest potential were selected on the basis of activity index value. The raw materials were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using the simultaneous sacchariﬁ cation and fermentation method (SSF process). Based on the conducted research, it was found that the examined waste biomass is suitable for the production of cellulosic bioethanol. As a result of distillation 10% and 15% (v/v) ethanol was obtained, depending on the strain and the type of raw material. It was demonstrated that the bacterial strain had a greater impact on the eﬀ ectiveness of the process than the type of straw used.
The Influence of Different Obturation Systems on the Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Roots. An in Vitro Study

: This study aimed to compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated roots filled by different obturation systems. Material and methods: Ninety-six upper central incisors were used and decoronated, retaining 12 mm of the roots. On the basis of obturation systems, the roots were divided into 4 groups (n=24): Group1 (COGR): control group (unprepared, unfilled), Group 2 (AVGR): ActiV GP points/ActiV GP sealer, Group3 (GPGR): Gutta percha points/AH plus sealer, and Group4 (GAGR): Gutta percha points/ActiV GP sealer. The last three groups were obturated with the single cone technique. The roots were then stored in 100% relative humidity at 37 °C for 2 weeks. A vertical compressive force was exerted with a universal testing machine until a fracture occurred. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA. Results: Mean (SD) failure loads for groups ranged from 920.51 ± 210.37 to 1113.44 ± 489.42 N. The fracture resistance between the different study groups indicated no statistical difference. Conclusions: ActiV GP system did not exert a significant effect on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated roots filled by different obturation systems. Material and methods: Ninety-six maxillary central incisors were used and decoronated, retaining 12 mm of the roots. On the basis of obturation systems, the roots were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=24): Group1 (COGR): control group (unprepared, unfilled), Group 2 (AVGR): ActiV GP points/ActiV GP sealer, Group3 (GPGR): Gutta percha points/AH plus sealer, and Group4 (GAGR): Gutta percha points/ActiV GP sealer. The last three groups were obturated with the single cone technique. The roots were then stored in 100% relative humidity at 37°C for 2 weeks. A vertical compressive force was exerted in a universal testing machine until fracture occurred. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: Mean (SD) failure loads for groups ranged from 920.51 ± 210.37 to 1113.44 ± 489.42 N. The fracture resistance between the different study groups indicated no statistical difference (p>0.05). Conclusions: ActiV GP system did not exert a significant effect on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth.
An Attribute Based Model For Web Image Search

— Image search reranking is an mighty process to refine the text-based image search outcomes. Text-situated image retrieval suffers from principal difficulties which can be precipitated normally by way of the inability of the related textual content to competently describe the image content. The recounted process could be very valuable in giving precise results to users in just one click. In this, different semantic spaces for different query key words can be found offline independently and automatically. Semantic signatures of the images are acquired by projecting their visual features into their associated semantic spaces and these semantic signatures are compacted making use of Hashing strategies. At the online stage, these compacted semantic signatures of images are to be in comparison with re-rank images. It appreciably betters the efficiency and accuracy of web-image search and re-ranking.
Clinical Value and Potential Mechanisms Exploration of GOLGA8B in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Investigation Based on Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA-seq, Microarray and Immunohistochemistry CURRENT STATUS: POSTED

Recent studies found that GOLGA8B plays an essential role in different cancers. However, the role GOLGA8B plays in the carcinogenesis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. This study explores the clinical significance and prospective mechanisms of GOLGA8B in HCC. The expression of GOLGA8B was detected in tissues of HCC and non-HCC controls. A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to evaluate the mRNA expression of GOLGA8B. RNA-sequencing data and microarray chip data were obtained for further analysis. The role GOLGA8B plays in patients with HCC was also evaluated. An immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis was also performed to evaluate the protein expression of GOLGA8B. The different GOLGA8B expression resources, including mRNA and protein expression, were integrated by calculating standard mean difference (SMD) and summary of the receiver operator characteristic (sROC). Genes co-expressed GOLGA8B were predicted. Enrichment analyses including Gene ontology (GO) and biological pathway were performed to investigate the essential molecular mechanisms. Hub genes were screened out by a protein-protein interactions network. MicroRNAs which target GOLGA8B at a posttranscriptional level were also predicted. positive ratio of GOLGA8B in HCC cells through blind evaluations. The staining intensity and proportion of positively stained cells of GOLGA8B were accessed: (0), (1), (2), (3) for negative, weak, moderate and strong staining, respectively, and (0), (1), (2), (3), (4) represent 0%, 1–25%, 26–50%, 51–75% and 75–100% positively stained cells, respectively. The staining intensity multiplied by the proportion of the positively stained cells was
VirG, a Yersinia enterocolitica Lipoprotein Involved in Ca 2 (cid:49) Dependency, Is Related to ExsB of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pathogenic yersiniae require Ca 2 (cid:49) for growth at 37 C. They harbor closely related plasmids of about 70 kb that are essential for virulence. At 37 C and in the absence of Ca 2 (cid:49) ions, these plasmids cause a decrease in growth rate and the release of large amounts of proteins called Yops. Here we describe the virG gene of Yersinia enterocolitica ; virG is located just upstream of the virF gene, which encodes the transcriptional activator of some plasmid virulence factors. Analysis of the VirG amino acid sequence suggested that virG encodes a lipoprotein, which was conﬁrmed by [ 3 H]palmitate labeling of VirG-PhoA fusion proteins. A nonpolar virG mutant was constructed and found to be Ca 2 (cid:49) independent for growth at 37 C but to still secrete Yops. This phenotype was complemented by the introduction of a plasmid harboring an intact virG gene. VirG was found to be homol- ogous to ExsB, a protein encoded by a Pseudomonas aeruginosa gene located in the locus controlling exoenzyme S synthesis. Interestingly, the exsA gene, located just downstream of exsB , is also homologous to virF.
Research Online Research Online Fast Quasi-Newton Algorithms for Penalized Reconstruction in Emission Fast Quasi-Newton Algorithms for Penalized Reconstruction in Emission Tomography and Further Improvements via Preconditioning Tomography and Further Improvements via Preconditioning

Abstract This paper reports on the feasibility of using a quasi-Newton optimization algorithm, limited-memory Broyden- Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno with boundary constraints (L-BFGSB), for penalized image reconstruction problems in emission tomography (ET). For further acceleration, an additional preconditioning technique based on a diagonal approximation of the Hessian was introduced. The convergence rate of L-BFGSB and the proposed preconditioned algorithm (L-BFGS-B-PC) was evaluated with simulated data with various factors, such as the noise level, penalty type, penalty strength and background level. Data of three 18F-FDG patient acquisitions were also reconstructed. Results showed that the proposed L-BFGS-B-PC outperforms L-BFGS-B in convergence rate for all simulated conditions and the patient data. Based on these results, L-BFGSB- PC shows promise for clinical application. Abstract—This paper reports on the feasibility of using a quasi-Newton optimization algorithm, limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno with boundary con- straints (L-BFGS-B), for penalized image reconstruction problems in emission tomography (ET). For further accel- eration, an additional preconditioning technique based on a diagonal approximation of the Hessian was introduced. The convergence rate of L-BFGS-B and the proposed preconditioned algorithm (L-BFGS-B-PC) was evaluated with simulated data with various factors, such as the noise level, penalty type, penalty strength and background level. Data of three 18 F-FDG patient acquisitions were also reconstructed. Results showed that the proposed L-BFGS-B-PC outperforms L-BFGS-B in convergencerate for all simulated conditions and the patient data. Based on these results, L-BFGS-B-PC shows promise for clinical application.
Optical coherence tomography with nanoscale axial resolution using a laser-driven high-harmonic source: supplementary material

SILVIO FUCHS1,2,*, MARTIN WÜNSCHE1,2, JAN NATHANAEL1,2, JOHANN J. ABEL1, CHRISTIAN RÖDEL1,3, JULIUS BIEDERMANN1, JULIUS REINHARD1, UWE HÜBNER4, AND GERHARD G. PAULUS1,2 1Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany 2Helmholtz Institute Jena, Jena, Germany 3SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, United States 4Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany *Corresponding author: silvio.fuchs@uni-jena.de
Single-Layer Raster CNN simulator using RK-Gill

An efficient numerical integration algorithm for single layer Raster Cellular Neural Networks (CNN) simulator is presented in this paper. The simulator is capable of performing CNN simulations for any size of input image, thus a powerful tool for researchers investigating potential applications of CNN. This paper reports an efficient algorithm exploiting the latency properties of Cellular Neural Networks along with numerical integration techniques; simulation results and comparisons are also presented.
Attaining Male Reversible Infertility through Modulation of Spermatogenesis by 2-(2″-chloro acetamido benzyl) - 3-(3′- indolyl) Quinoline or Indolyl Quinoline in Rats Rattus rattus

The aim of the study was to investigate the fertility-regulating potential of the compound 2-(2″-chloroacetamidobenzyl) - 3-(3′-indolyl) quinoline or commonly called indolyl quinoline in male rats. Male rats of proven fertility were treated with the compound by oral gavages for 3, 6 and 12 weeks. Functional fertility, testicular, epididymal and seminal vesicular weight, epididymal sperm count as well as quantification of spermatogenesis process were made. Epididymis and testis samples were processed using routine techniques and prepared for light microscopy analysis in both treated and control series. Functional fertility was reduced significantly as revealed by a fall in fertility and pregnancy rate. The weight of the reproductive organs was reduced significantly. A reduction of sperm count and number of different types of testicular cells was observed. Histologically, the tested compound caused some disruption in both epididymis and testicular architecture, scanty spermatozoa and in number of differentiating spermatogenic cells. Histological alterations were assessed and the results were discussed according to the severity of the histological response made by the compound. Fertility and other effects were regained gradually after withdrawal of treatment. The results revealed from the study indicate reversible antifertility of the said chemical agent. systemic method has been developed to date for males. Several prospective moves toward initiation of infertility using hormonal, chemical and immunological approach have been explored for a long time [2-5]. Induction of acute oligospermia or azoospermia is possible by using hormonal steroid or gonadotropic-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist/ antagonist [6,7]. These methods are either irreversible or affect libido and secondary sex characteristics, and supplementary treatment is required appearing these methods cost-ineffective. Other way would be to find effective anti- spermatogenic agents that could rely on
J C A P 0 5 ( 2 0 1 4 ) 0 0 9 ournal of C osmology and A stroparticle P hysics

We show that it is possible for WIMP dark matter to produce a large signal in indirect dark matter searches without producing signals elsewhere. We illustrate our point by fitting the Fermi-LAT extended galactic gamma-ray excess with a simple model of Dirac dark matter that annihilates primarily into b quarks via a pseudoscalar. Current collider constraints are weak while the 14 TeV LHC run will constrain a limited portion of the parameter space. No signal is expected in additional indirect searches or at future direct detection experiments. Our results emphasise the importance of fully understanding potential indirect signals of dark matter as they may provide the only information about the dark matter particle.