Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exercise Intervention on Blood Glucose Control of Type 2 Diabetes with Obesity : A Systematic Review

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to review the effects of exercise intervention on blood glucose control in obese type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: The PubMed and KERISS search engines were used and 61 papers that met the key questions were selected. RESULTS: Exercise is an effective intervention for the control of blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients because it does not impair glucose transport in the skeletal muscle induced by muscle contractions. Insulin resistance, which is characteristic of type 2 diabetes, is caused by decreased insulin sensitivity or insulin responsiveness. Acute exercise
Intracellular Ca2+ regulation of H+/Ca2+ antiporter YfkE mediated by a Ca2+ mini-sensor

Significance Ca2+ is essential for life, not only as a basic element, but also due to its versatile role in cellular signaling. H+/Ca2+ antiporter CAX proteins facilitate cellular Ca2+ homeostasis in microorganisms, yeast, and plants by catalyzing Ca2+ extrusion from the cytosol driven by an inward H+ gradient. In this paper, we reveal a self-regulatory mechanism of CAX. We found that CAX senses changes in cytosolic Ca2+ levels to adjust its Ca2+ transport activity. This regulation is mediated by a Ca2+ mini-sensor to alter the conformation of the Ca2+ translocation pathway. This regulatory mechanism is conserved in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Our study provides insights into the working mechanism of these important Ca2+ transporter proteins in the cell membrane. The H+/Ca2+ (calcium ion) antiporter (CAX) plays an important role in maintaining cellular Ca2+ homeostasis in bacteria, yeast, and plants by promoting Ca2+ efflux across the cell membranes. However, how CAX facilitates Ca2+ balance in response to dynamic cytosolic Ca2+ perturbations is unknown. Here, we identified a type of Ca2+ “mini-sensor” in YfkE, a bacterial CAX homolog from Bacillus subtilis. The mini-sensor is formed by six tandem carboxylate residues within the transmembrane (TM)5-6 loop on the intracellular membrane surface. Ca2+ binding to the mini-sensor triggers the transition of the transport mode of YfkE from a high-affinity to a low-affinity state. Molecular dynamics simulation and fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis suggest that Ca2+ binding to the mini-sensor causes an adjacent segment, namely, the exchanger inhibitory peptide (XIP), to move toward the Ca2+ translocation pathway to interact with TM2a in an inward-open cavity. The specific interaction was demonstrated with a synthetic peptide of the XIP, which inhibits YfkE transport and interrupts conformational changes mediated by the mini-sensor. By comparing the apo and Ca2+-bound CAX structures, we propose the following Ca2+ transport regulatory mechanism of YfkE: Ca2+ binding to the mini-sensor induces allosteric conformational changes in the Ca2+ translocation pathway via the XIP, resulting in a rearrangement of the Ca2+-binding transport site in the midmembrane. Since the Ca2+ mini-sensor and XIP sequences are also identified in other CAX homologs and/or Ca2+ transporters, including the mammalian Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), our study provides a regulatory mechanism for the Ca2+/cation transporter superfamily.
Clinical profile and outcome of organ dysfunction in sepsis

Background: Sepsis is defined as life threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection. It is the tenth leading cause of death among older adults in United States. Mortality rate of the sepsis ranges from 3040%. In severe cases sepsis can drastically reduce blood flow to the major organs, leading eventually to septic shock, widespread organ failure and death. So, the present study was done to evaluate the clinical profile, symptoms, source of infection, co-morbid conditions and outcome with respect to the organ dysfunction in sepsis cases. Methods: This prospective observational study was undertaken among 100 cases of sepsis diagnosed by the “International Sepsis Definitions Conference” criteria admitted during October 2015 to September 2017. All patients were evaluated clinically and subjected for laboratory investigations. Results: In present study, a total of 100 cases were enrolled. Mean age of cases were 38.15 years. Male and female ratio was 1.63:1. Most common symptom was fever (100%). Pneumonia was the most common (36%) source of infection. Mortality was highest in pneumonia (55.55%). 77 % of cases had organ dysfunction. Cardiovascular system was the most common system involved. Maximum mortality was within the age group of 56-65 years. Diabetes was the most common co-morbid condition. Mean APACHE II score was high among the death cases. Conclusions: Sepsis was more common in younger group of patients but mortality was more in elderly age group. Overall mortality was 38%.
Proteinuria as a Potential Biomarker for the Efficacy of Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema

Purpose: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents are good therapeutic options for diabetic macular edema (DME), especially in patients with DME that is refractory or shows delayed response to anti-VEGF treatment. We investigated the change of proteinuria following intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVB) as a potential biomarker for treatment-responsiveness in patients with DME. Methods: This pilot study was performed as secondary analysis of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) from prospectively enrolled patients scheduled for IVB from May 2018 to December 2018. Fifty-three patients with DR (30 with DME and 23 without DME) were initially included, and 46 eyes were finally included for analysis after propensity score matching. Urine tests were performed within 1 month before and 7 ± 1 days after IVB. The concentrations of urine protein and albumin were quantitatively measured, and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) was calculated from data before and after IVB. Results: There were no significant differences in mean concentrations of urine albumin and protein between patients with and without DME. More patients in the DME group showed abnormal level of albuminuria both before and after IVB, but these differences were not statistically significant between the groups. A correlation analysis revealed no significant association between change in UACR and that of central retinal thickness. Conclusion: Change in proteinuria was not a proper biomarker of the response to IVB in patients with DME.
The Effects of Conversation Arousal Level on Attention Processes

Over the last several decades, abundant evidence has emerged to suggest that cell phone use interferes with the performance of many everyday tasks. Studies have found that a growing number of driving, pedestrian, and workplace accidents can be attributed to the increasing number of people talking and texting on smartphones (see Caird, Willness, Steel, & Scialfa, 2008; Nasar & Troyer, 2013). However, questions do linger about the specific mechanisms that underlie the detrimental effect of phone conversation on attention processes. This article examines one potential risk factor that has been posited by several authors, that conversations on the phone interfere with attention, which in turn interferes with cognition and behavior in the real world (see Horrey & Wickens, 2006; Hyman, Boss, Wise, McKenzie, & Caggiano, 2010). Dating back to James (1890), researchers have conceptualized attention as the ability to process information that is relevant to the task at hand and to ignore irrelevant information. Specific attention processes underlie people’s ability to perform different tasks. There are many attentional processes involved in everyday activities, such as driving on a crowded highway, crossing a busy intersection, or operating a dangerous factory machine (Nobre & Kastner, 2014; Pashler, 1998; Posner, 2012). Posner and Petersen’s (1990; Petersen & Posner, 2012) network model involves three of these processes: executive attention, orienting, and phasic alertness. Executive attention may come closest to ABSTRACT. The current study investigated how arousal level during phone conversations affects specific attention processes (i.e., executive, orienting, phasic alertness, and vigilance). Participants engaged in 1 of 3 conversation conditions (i.e., no conversation, low emotional arousal, and high emotional arousal) while completing either a spatial cueing task (Exp. 1) or a Stroop Test (Exp. 2). Neither orienting nor phasic alertness were affected by conversation, but both overall reaction time (RT) and intraindividual variability (vigilance) increased when the conversation was introduced, t(49) = 5.01, p = . 001, r2 = . 34, and t(49) = 2.44, p = . 009, r2 = . 11, respectively. Stroop Test RT was significantly increased by conversation when attentional demands were low (congruent), t(50) = 2.22, p = . 031, r2 = . 09, but not when attention demands were high (incongruent). Level of conversation arousal did not moderate these effects. Our findings suggest that competition for executive attention by the task and by the conversation are dynamic. This has implications for safe cell phone use while performing everyday activities (e.g., driving, work, studying).
A Six-Phase Two-Stage Blocker-Tolerant Harmonic-Rejection Receiver

Modern wideband receivers need to operate linearly in the presence of strong out-of-band blockers. In this article, we introduce a blocker-tolerant harmonic rejection (HR) receiver, which can suppress blockers at the local oscillator harmonics. The suppression is achieved by applying the HR in two stages, such that the first HR already occurs at the first gain-stage output. The proposed receiver achieves this HR with a simple six-phase local-oscillator (LO) clocking. The proposed design also uses simple gain coefficients of ±1 while implementing HR in two stages that compensates for the mismatch effects of each stage. In addition, the near-band blocker linearity is improved by implementing a third-order baseband feedback response, which acts in conjunction with the $N$ -path filtering. Implemented in a 28-nm Fully-Depleted Silicon-on-Insulator (FDSOI) process, the receiver demonstrates the 18–37-dB HR from the first stage and 46–53 dB of HR in total. Furthermore, a blocker compression point (BCP) of 2.5 dBm for a third harmonic blocker and a near-band BCP of −6.5 dBm are achieved.
From pleasure to politics: Five functions of watching TV-series for public connection

This article addresses the question of how engagement with fictional entertainment can enable audiences to function as citizens. It argues that existing theoretical perspectives assume spurious links between the use of fictional entertainment and politics. This article mobilizes the theoretical perspective of public connection to show how audience’s engagement with fictional entertainment can forge manifest links to the sphere of politics. The article presents five functions that capture the main varieties of how the engagement with TV series enables public connection. These functions are conceptualized as ‘Charging’, ‘Deepening’, ‘Affinitive motivation’, ‘Introduction/Extension’ and ‘Solidification’. These functions are theoretically qualified and empirically grounded in extensive qualitative research into people’s use of TV series in Norway. The article argues that these functions also apply to the engagement with other forms of fictional entertainment, including film and fiction literature.
Measuring the Efficiency of Tertiary Care Hospitals and Medical Colleges in Punjab, an Application of Non- Parametric Approach DEA

Efficient utilization of resources required that the healthcare units should operate at their full capacity and increase their efficiency to yields best quality healthcare services and more savings. To measure the capacity utilization of medical collages/attached teaching hospitals in Punjab, the study incorporated the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). This is a cross sectional study for the academic year 2015, by using the primary data collected by “Punjab Economic Research Institute (PERI)“. The main objective to address the efficiency issue in this study is to provide empirical evidence for public policy to provide for tertiary health care facilities. The results showed that 78% medical colleges in a sample data are unity, indicating that they are perfectly utilizing their resources while the remaining 22% have more close to unity, showing that they have only small capacity to increase their output within available resources. In case of teaching hospitals, there are 56% hospitals in Punjab, which are not operating at their maximum level of output indicating that they have the capacity to provide more services. While 44% are using their resources efficiently. The higher efficiency score of medical colleges/teaching hospital in provincial capital reflected the fact that Decision Making Units (DMUs) in Lahore are relatively more efficient in the management of resources. In the second stage, by using a Tobit regression, the inefficacies are regressed against various indicators of inputs and outputs. Finally, the finding of this study suggests some policy recommendation to make the medical colleges/teaching hospitals more resource effective in order to accelerate the highest efficiency scores.
Molecular and structural basis of Echovirus 11 infection by using the dual-receptor system of CD55 and FcRn

Echovirus 11 (Echo 11) is a serotype of Enterovirus B (EV-B) belonging to the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae . Echo 11 infections are associated with viral encephalitis (VE), viral meningitis (VM), and viral meningo-encephalitis (VME). Echo 11 was reported to cause severe illnesses in neonates or infants, with high morbidity and mortality. In addition, Echo 11 has frequently been identified as the causative agent of outbreaks, greatly threatens public health. For example, in early 2019, an Echo 11 outbreak occurred in a hospital of Guangdong Province in China, leading to nineteen infections of newborns and five of them died. CD55 has been designated an attaching receptor of several echoviruses in the 1990s. But CD55 alone is unable to help the virus to complete its whole entry process. In our earlier work, we found that the human neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is the cellular uncoating receptor for Enterovirus B and illustrated the entry mechanism taking Echo 6 as an example. We proposed the coordination of attaching and uncoating “dual-receptor system” in the entry pathways. Here, we analyzed 10 cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) structures of Echo 11 viral particles in three different forms (free, “A-particle” and empty particle), and Echo 11 in complex with receptor CD55 or FcRn, under both neutral (pH 7.4) and acidic (pH 5.5) conditions. With atomic or near-atomic resolutions (2.32−3.4 A), we obtained detailed characterization of the molecular events during Echo 11 entry. The structures revealed that CD55 is the attaching receptor of Echo 11, which facilitates the viral attachment to cell surface. Similar to Echo 12 and Echo 7, Echo 11 uses its VP2 and VP3 domain to bind short consensus repeat (SCR) module SCR 3 and SCR4 domains of CD55. FcRn is the uncoating receptor, which uses the α2 domain of its heavy chain FCGRT to insert into and bind the “canyon” of Echo 11 VP1 domain. The binding induced the extrusion of “pocket factor” and resulted in virus uncoating and genome release. FcRn induced Echo 11 viral particle conformational change and “pocket factor” release started at neutral pH, which is different from Echo 6, there the “pocket factor” release occurs at low pH. This hints us that acidic treatment might not be an essential requirement for the uncoating of all Enterovirus B which uses FcRn as their uncoating receptor. The uncoating process is able to start in early endosomes. SPR (Surface plasmon resonance) analysis certified that, Echo 11 can bind to both receptors, but has a higher affinity with FcRn than to CD55. FcRn-mediated Echo 11 uncoating was further confirmed with an FcRn-decorated liposome model, which induced the structural transitions of Echo 11 into empty particles. This work provided a molecular and structural basis for our understanding of the mechanisms of Echo 11 entry. And it is an important progress in dissecting the mechanism of the “dual-receptor system” in non-enveloped virus entry.
Heightening the solubility of poorly soluble fenofibrate by Solid Dispersion Technique

The intention of the current study was to boost the solubility of Fenofibrate by solid dispersion technique which is an efficient technique in improving the solubility and hence the dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs in the form of eutectic mixtures by producing fine dispersion when in contact with gastrointestinal fluid and also the technique offers the choices of carriers to be combined with drug conveniently to improve the solubility to a considerable extent. Fenofibrate a BCS class II Antihyperlipidemic drug belongs to fibrate class and it is a lipid-lowering drug used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Fenofibrate is insoluble in water and hence shows poor dissolution in gastric fluid with reduced absorption characteristics. In order to improve the solubility, dissolution rate, gastrointestinal absorption and oral bioavailability, it was decided to prepare fenofibrate solid dispersion and evaluated. They were prepared using poly ethylene glycol 4000, 6000, 8000 and β-cyclodextrin by fusion technique and optimized solid dispersion was also lyophilized. Physical characterization of solid inclusion complex of fenofibrate was studied and showed that there were no drug excipients interactions. Dissolution studies showed a momentous rise in a dissolution of Fenofibrate when dispersed in polymers. Inturn aqueous solubility was enlarged linearly as a function of the concentration of β- Cyclodextrin.
An Evaluation of Provoked Vulvodynia, Pelvic Floor Muscles and Sexual Functions in Female Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome

Address for Correspondence/ Yaz›flma Adresi: Hatice Reşorlu MD, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Çanakkale, Turkey Phone: +90 505 454 87 21 E-mail: drresorlu@gmail.com ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0001-9889-1064 Received/Geliş Tarihi: 09.10. 2017 Accepted/Kabul Tarihi: 05.03. 2018 ©Copyright 2017 by the Turkish Osteoporosis Society Turkish Journal Of Osteoporosis published by Galenos Yayınevi. 98
Digital Holographic Reconstruction Based on Deep Learning Framework With Unpaired Data

Convolutional neural network (CNN) has great potentials in holographic reconstruction. Although excellent results can be achieved by using this technique, the number of training and label data must be the same and strict paired relationship is required. Here, we present a new end-to-end learning-based framework to reconstruct noise-free images in absence of any paired training data and prior knowledge of object real distribution. The algorithm uses the cycle consistency loss and generative adversarial network to implement unpaired training method. It is demonstrated by the experiments that high accuracy reconstruction images can be obtained by using unpaired training and label data. Moreover, the unpaired feature of the algorithm makes the system robust to displacement aberration and defocusing effect.
Cocoon Strategy of Vaccinations: Benefits and Limitations

A cocoon vaccination strategy refers to vaccinations in persons from the immediate envi- ronment of those patients who might develop an illness (they are susceptible to illnesses) but cannot be vaccinated due to permanent or temporary medical contraindications to a vaccination (e.g. immunosuppressed patients) or are too young to have a vaccination. Most frequently, a cocoon vaccination strategy is associated with vaccinations in adults aimed at preventing the spread of an illness in children (e.g. pertussis vaccination or influenza vaccination), but it is worth considering whether this strategy should not be understood also as vaccinations in children with the view of protecting adults and the elderly against illnesses (e.g. influenza or pneumococcal diseases). The aim of the cocoon strategy is to minimize the risk of the transmission of pathogens in the environment of a patient who is susceptible to an infection. A vaccinated patient is not a source of infection any more for a non-vaccinated patient. The chapter presents a history, current implemen - tation of the strategy in different countries, its benefits and limitations.
Trends in interlibrary lending: a longitudinal data analysis on article sharing in Italy

Interlibrary loan (ILL) article sharing data among member libraries within the Italian Network for Inter-Library Document Exchange (NILDE) for 2005-2009 and 2011-2015 have been collected. NILDE is the largest ILL network in Italy with almost a thousand libraries consisting mainly of university libraries, as well as libraries in hospitals and health research institutions, public research institutions, and not-for-profit organisations. ILL request data collected from the NILDE system are analyzed. The present study replicates the methodology and data analysis of the authors' previous work for 2005-2009, with the aim of monitoring the changes which have taken place in article sharing over the past eleven years within Italy. Results show an overall steady growth in the number of ILL article requests peaking in 2014, notwithstanding the widespread introduction of Big Deal subscriptions from the early 2000s and e-journal subscription growth across academic, research and hospital libraries, so that the increased availability of electronic resources did not seem to have led to a reduction in ILL requests. The longitudinal data analysis shows an annual rise in requests for newer articles, suggesting an increasing demand for recently published documents. An initial inversion of this trend, starting in 2015, was observed, although not homogeneous per library disciplinary field. Should this trend be confirmed for 2016, further analysis could focus on new habits in peer-to-peer resource sharing through social research networks such as Researchgate, Academia.edu or Open access availability of publications, i.e., users' unmediated document retrieval.
Building Learning Organizations With Action Learning

Very few organizations have ever been able to achieve their goal of becoming a learning organization due to the complexity of organizational learning and the impatience and lack of skills of organizational leaders. Over the past twenty-five years, the author of this chapter has discovered that the introduction of action learning programs into the organization is the most effective way of building a learning organization. This chapter briefly summarizes the five subsystems of a learning organization: (1) learning, (2) organization, (3) people, (4) knowledge, and (5) technology. Action learning is a powerful tool that enables a group to learn while in action. It has the unique ability to solve complex problems while simultaneously creating leaders, building teams, and developing each of the five learning organization subsystems.