Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vitro transverse thin cell layer culture in mung bean Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek

Mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an important grain legume crop. Earlier works on micropropagation protocols for mung bean suffer from genotype dependence, poor reproducibility and insufficient regeneration efficiency. Hence, we made an attempt to develop an efficient protocol for micropropagation of mung bean cv. KM 2 using transverse thin cell layer (tTCL) system. The epicotyl, hypocotyl and nodal tTCL explants were obtained from 5-day-old seedlings and cultured on MS medium with different concentrations of BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), TDZ (Thidiazuron) and kinetin. The maximum frequency (75.25%) of direct shoot initiation and multiplication was achieved from culturing the nodal tTCL explants on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L BAP. It has been observed that 61.4% of the regenerated shoots successfully elongated and rooted in MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L of IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) after two weeks of culture. The plantlets successfully established under greenhouse conditions with 64 % survival rate. The hardened plants exhibited homogeneity and no morphological variations were detected among the regenerants and the mother plants. The identified regeneration system could be efficiently used in various in vitro manipulation studies in mung bean as well.
DOCTOR: an integrated software fault injection environment for distributed real-time systems

The paper presents an integrated software fault injection environment (DOCTOR) which is capable of (1) generating synthetic workloads under which system dependability is evaluated, (2) injecting various types of faults with different options, and (3) collecting performance and dependability data. A comprehensive graphical user interface is also provided. The software implemented fault-injection tools supports three types of faults: memory faults, CPU faults, and communication faults. Each injected fault may be permanent, transient or intermittent. A fault-injection plan can be formulated probabilistically, or based on the past event history. The modular organization of tools is particularly designed for distributed architectures. DOCTOR is implemented on a distributed real-time system called HARTS, and it capability has been tested through numerous experiments. <<ETX>>
Effect of nanoparticles’ diameter and concentration on the optical pulse formation in nanosuspensions

ABSTRACT We investigate the effect of nanoparticles’ diameter and concentration on the nonlinear absorption/refractive index in non-metallic nanosuspensions remarking that the results are in contrast to the colloidal metal nanoparticles. We then consider the nanosuspension as a saturable absorptive medium. Assuming a simple solution for Haus equation, we investigate the effect of diameter on optical pulse width and minimum energy required for pulse formation. We indicate that the pulse width will decrease for non-metallic nanosuspension if the diameter decreases while the pulse width will increase for metal nanoparticles conversely due to appearing the Local Field Enhancement (LFE). However, we show that the minimum-required energy is minimised for a certain value of nanoparticles’ diameter in both metal and non-metallic nanosuspensions. The potency of modulating the nonlinearity and the subsequent pulse-shaping feature presented in this study can be grounded for designing the novel all-optical/electro-optical components using the colloidal nanoparticles.
A 4-Mb CMOS SRAM with a PMOS thin-film-transistor load cell

A 4-Mb (512 K words by 8-b) CMOS static RAM (SRAM) with a PMOS thin-film transistor (TFT) has been developed. The RAM can obtain a much larger data-retention margin than a conventional high-resistive load-type well by using the PMOS TFT as a memory cell load. An internal voltage down-converter architecture with an external supply voltage-level sensor not only realizes a highly reliable 0.5- mu m MOS transistor operation but also a sufficiently low standby-power dissipation characteristic for data battery-backup application. A self-aligned equalized level sensing scheme can minimize the sensing delay for a local sense amplifier to drive a large load capacitance of a global sensing bus line. The RAM is fabricated using a 0.5 mu m, triple-poly, and double-aluminum with dual gate-oxide-thickness CMOS process technology. The RAM operates under a single 5-V supply voltage with 23-ns typical address access time and 20- and 70-mA operation current at 10 and 40 MHz, respectively. >
1993 Syntex Award Lecture. Photomedicine and Photodynamic Therapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the treatment of diseased tissue and cells using a photosensitizer and visible light. Such photomedical treatments have been known since the time of the ancient Egyptians but it was only just this year that this therapeutic modality was made available to modern medicine with the approval, in Canada, of Photofrin® for the treatment of bladder cancer. This paper reviews PDT with an emphasis on drug development, particulary for the second generation drugs, especially BPDMA (benzoporphyrin derivative-mono acid), which is now in human clinical trials.
Structure and weight initialization of feed-forward networks for traffic flow-density relationships

Urban traffic is a complex process that is often described by macroscopic flow models. On one hand, this work justified how feedforward networks (NN) with two neurons in the hidden layer can fit real traffic data. On the other hand, two novel initializations are suggested. Both methods exploit the NN traffic model structure and the infrastructure parameters to ensure that the outputs of neurons are in the active region and speed up the learning convergence.
Optimization Design of the CRC Check for RFID Communication System

The method of cyclic redundancy check (CRC) was been used in the process of RFID communication adopts to ensure that the data was transfer correctly. The principle of CRC was been introduced. The design method about 16-bit CRC code was been gotten through the hardware circuit and hardware description language. And it was compatible with the serial and parallel two kinds of data streams. At the same time it was been verified correctly in RFID communication system. And the results are verified in the specified clock frequency in xc2vp4-6fg256 device in FPGA Xilinx kit using VI-IDL in RTL level. It with strong portability could extend to all CRC system.
A study of the effect of letter spacing on the reading speed of young readers with low vision

The aims of this study were two-fold: firstly, to establish a method of applying consistent letter spacing to documents using MS Word, and secondly, to investigate the effect of increased letter spacing on the reading speeds of readers with low vision. Tests on 14 readers with low vision showed that increased letter spacing benefited their reading speed and also reduced the critical print size of the majority of subjects tested. These findings could have a significant impact on the format of modified large print material used by low-vision readers in mainstream schools and lead to more inclusive practise in the classroom. Additionally, a simple to follow table has been produced to quantify the effect of increased letter spacing in MS Word. Although MS Word is almost universally used in mainstream schools to modify teaching resources, for low-vision readers, the method of applying letter spacing and its effect are not clear.
A New P2P Streaming Media VOD System Based on Window

Currently some P2P video-on-demand patterns using the corresponding technique to adjust and monitor network peer state, effectively reduce the multilayer peer forwarding delay, so as to ensure that the system has good stability and expansibility, but in response to the sudden resource request can not guarantee that the system load balancing. This paper presents a new P2P streaming media VOD system based on window, using a resource reservation mechanism for load balancing algorithm which can realize video server in each media stream between the rational allocation, give full play to the peer load capacity. The simulation shows that the system is able to respond to sudden resource request, and has high bandwidth utilization, effectively improves the performance of the system.
A Software Package to Analyze Seismicity: ZMAP

The Electronic Seismologist (ES) has been known to actually do some research in the field of seismology from time to time. As an operator of a seismic monitoring network the research done often is related to the seismicity of the monitored region. Detecting changes or trends in seismicity is relevant to earthquake and volcano hazards, but are the trends detected real or only an artifact of changes in the network operating parameters? Because all seismic networks evolve, change staff, change software and hardware, there is always the nagging feeling, if not outright knowledge, that interesting patterns in the catalog reflect network changes rather than changes in the Earth. How can one tell the difference? The ES is happy to report that there is a handy-dandy software package ideally suited to answering exactly this question (and many others). ZMAP , developed by Stefan Wiemer, allows the user to examine an earthquake catalog from many different angles. Not only does it include the traditional map, cross-section, and time sequence parameters, but also several others, such as event size and mechanism. These can be combined in interesting ways to present the user with different “views” into the data. Considerable seismological acumen lies behind the use and presentation of these parameters, which helps the user get the most out of the analyzed catalog. ZMAP is fairly intuitive to use and produces attractive output. In fact, the ES actually has fun “playing” with it and gets useful results besides. Perhaps one of the best ways to get a sense of how ZMAP might be used is to take a tour of case studies. The following includes many examples, and if they're not enough there are a slew of references where one can find more. In his traditional groveling way the ES has prevailed on Stefan …
Multi-sensor fusion recognition method based on improved D-S evidence theory

A multi-sensor fusion recognition method based on improved D-S evidence theory is presented in this paper to solve the problem of highly conflictive multi-sensor fusion recognition in the decision fusion of target comprehensive recognition system which D-S evidence theory can't solve. The method modifies evidence sources by calculating the weights using the resemblance degree of single characteristic recognition results, then handle the fusion processing of the modified evidence sources to get comprehensive recognition results. The numerical example analyses demonstrate the superiority of the method proposed in this paper that it can effectively improve the accuracy and reliability of the combination. And the last simulation results of the missile target integrated recognition indicate that this method can effectively solve the problem of high conflictive data fusion error existing in the decision fusion process and improve the recognition performance of the recognition system perfectly.
Knowledge-based analog circuit synthesis with flexible architecture

A prototype knowledge-based analog-circuit synthesis system is presented. An expert system has been developed to act as a design assistant in an iterative analog design process. Design flexibility is greatly enhanced by adopting the self-reconstructing technique for the flexible architecture approach. Being able to recognize critical nodes and circuit primitives, the layout generator is capable of generating compact layouts with special analog layout considerations. An expert system for assisting the design of a two-stage CMOS operation amplifier, CAMP, and a layout generator for circuit layout generations, LAMP, have been developed for the expert-system-based analog IC design automation environment. Experimental results are shown to demonstrate the capabilities of the system. <<ETX>>
Design and control of large collections of learning agents

The intelligent control of multiple autonomous agents is an important yet difficult task. Previous methods used to address this problem have proved to be either too brittle, too hard to use, or not scalable to large systems. The Collective Intelligence project at NASA/Ames provides an elegant, machine-learning approach to address these problems. This approach mathematically defines some essential properties that a reward system should have to promote coordinated behavior among reinforcement learners. This thesis will focus on creating additional key properties and algorithms within the mathematics of the Framework of Collectives. The additions will allow agents to learn quickly in more complex systems. Also they will let agents learn with less knowledge of their environment. These additions wilt allow the framework to be applied more easily, to a much larger domain of multi-agent problems.
Characterization of the Street Networks in the Traditional Turkish Urban Form

In this paper, we use the question “what is the true nature of traditional street networks in Turkish cities? ” to test different quantitative methods of urban morphological analysis. Traditional Turkish street networks are characterized by discriminant functions of several space-syntax-related indices, as well as by image-analysis and graph-theoretical indices. A set of space-syntactic indices is found to be powerful enough to distinguish the traditional street network among others, particularly axial ringiness, implying that the formation of large blocks is a typical feature. The relative abundance of closed-end edges is found to be another important feature of the traditional street network.
Computers, Expert Systems, and ADRs: Can Causality Assessment Be Automated?

It may be possible to automate the type of analysis under discussion, provided a prestructured framework can be established within a restricted class of suspected reactions. Parallels are drawn with computer-aided diagnosis of disease, and the potential use of “causal networks” as a representation of pharmacologic knowledge is pointed out. It is argued that many of the problems raised in the papers have been recognized in other research areas, and appropriate techniques are being evolved; in particular, it may be feasible to begin with a somewhat vague subjective opinion that is then “tuned” automatically in the light of experience. Another important feature of a working system should be the ability to continuously monitor “surprise” at what it is told in order to automatically detect “odd” cases. This only seems feasible within the coherent probabilistic framework described in these papers.
A New Adaptive SSC and SSSC Stream Cipher Model Design and Implementation

To solve the problem of construction for stream cipher key generator and the problem of SSC/SSSC stream ciphers need to relay on the secret channel to transmit the key, it presents a new clock function drive by a clock-control sequence and chaotic cascade function made of multiple Logistic function , which are used to built the self-reference model and chaotic module; it design a adapt controller independent of the key generator and encrypt module, achieve controlling encryption and transmission process by multi-threaded code;it makes a key generator with transformation ranks and wheel key method of AES and S-box of Camellia, which makes the sub-key and the key generator`s internal station become a insufficient condition that does not need to depend on the secret channel, the model achieves a exponential growth in the key space and the same application scope of traditional SSC and SSSC model. The new protocol model features can be seen under the actual operation of modifying RC4 algorithm.
Speech and music classification in audio documents

To index efficiently the soundtrack of multimedia documents, it is necessary to extract elementary and homogeneous acoustic segments. In this paper, we explore such a prior partitioning which consists in detect the two basic components, which are speech and music components. The originality of this work is that music and speech are not considered as two classes and two classification systems are independently defined, a speech/non-speech one and a music/non-music one. This approach permits to better characterize and discriminate each component: in particular, two different feature spaces are necessary as two pairs of Gaussian mixture models. More, the acoustic signal is divided into four types of segments: speech, music, speech-music and other. The experiments are performed on the soundtracks of audio video documents (films, TV sport broadcasts). The performance proves the interest of this approach, so called the Differentiated Modeling Approach.
Robust real-time audiovisual face detection

This paper presents a face detection system that synergizes audio localization and visual face detection. This audiovisual face detection system is based on microphone sound localization, and image processing algorithms. The system integrates the application of sound localization by Time Delay of Arrival and the iterative application of Adaptive Background Segmentation, to robustly perform real-time face detection on a stream of webcam images. Experimental results using an array of 24 microphones and a fixed-view webcam, show that the audiovisual face detection system is able to perform face detection of success rate 97.5% at 0.82 seconds of convergence time, and 5.8Hz display frame rate, on a Pentium IV 2.5GHz.
An Overview of NLIDB Approaches and Implementation for Airline Reservation System

Relational databases are queried using database query languages such as SQL. Natural language interfaces to databases (NLIDB) are systems that translate a natural language sentence into a database query. In this modern techno-crazy world, as more and more laymen access various systems and applications through their smart phones and tablets, the need for Natural Language Interfaces (NLIs) has increased manifold. The challenges in Natural language Query processing are interpreting the sentence correctly, removal of various ambiguity and mapping to the appropriate context. Natural language access problem is actually composed of two stages Linguistic processing and Database processing. NLIDB techniques encompass a wide variety of approaches. The approaches include traditional methods such as Pattern Matching, Syntactic Parsing and Semantic Grammar to modern systems such as Intermediate Query Generation, Machine Learning and Ontologies. In this report, various approaches to build NLIDB systems have been analyzed and compared along with their advantages, disadvantages and application areas. Also, a natural language interface to a flight reservation system has been implemented comprising of flight and booking inquiry systems. General Terms Natural Language Processing (NLP), Natural Language Interface to Databases (NLIDB)
Turbo coded modulation for systems with transmit and receive antenna diversity

In a previous work Stefanov and Duman (see Proceedings of VTG-Fall, 1999) introduced turbo coded modulation for wireless communication systems with transmit and receive antenna diversity over block Rayleigh fading channels. We showed that a simple, arbitrarily picked, turbo coded modulation scheme using the 4-PSK constellation outperforms the space-time block and trellis codes significantly. In this paper we present further results on the use of turbo coded modulation for antenna diversity systems. In particular, we consider different constellation sizes and various spectral efficiencies. We observe very high gains over the corresponding space-time codes for large interleaver lengths, which is suitable for data communications. We also observe that, depending on the channel model, the turbo code block size can be chosen small enough to be suitable for speech applications, and still offer significant performance improvement in terms of frame error rates.
Adaptive beamforming with the multichannel least squares lattice using beam-space constraints

Rejection of reverberant interference in active sonar systems via adaptive beamforming is approached by means of adaptive noise canceling (ANC). The multichannel version of the joint process least squares lattice algorithm (JPLSL) is the selected adaptive engine by which interfering reverberation is eliminated from beamformed data. Through application of beamspace constraints, signals arriving from selected directions are protected from cancellation by the JPLSL filter. Simulated data, generated by the Sonar System Toolset (SST) software, are used to demonstrate adaptive beamformer performance. <<ETX>>
A Multiphase Compensation Method with Dynamic Element Matching Technique in Σ-∆ Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizers

A multiphase compensation method with mismatch linearization technique, is presented and demonstrated in a Σ-? fractional-N frequency synthesizer. An on-chip delay-locked loop (DLL) and a proposed delay line structure are constructed to provide multiphase compensation on Σ-? quantizetion noise. In the delay line structure, dynamic element matching (DEM) techniques are employed for mismatch linearization. The proposed Σ-? fractional-N frequency synthesizer is fabricated in a 0.18-㎛ CMOS technology with 2.14-㎓ output frequency and 4-㎐ resolution. The die size is 0.92 ㎜ × 1.15 ㎜, and it consumes 27.2 ㎽. In-band phase noise of -82 ㏈c/㎐ at 10 ㎑ offset and out-of-band phase noise of -103 dBc/㎐ at 1 ㎒ offset are measured with a loop bandwidth of 200 ㎑. The settling time is shorter than 25 μs.
A study of hot-carrier-induced mismatch drift: a reliability issue for VLSI circuits

The mismatch drift of dynamic circuits, which must be corrected by precharging before activation, is a fundamental process and device reliability issue for very large scale integration (VLSI) circuits. In this paper, we report the consequences of hot-carrier effects on gate capacitance variation and its impact on the mismatch drift of MOS dynamic circuits. It is shown here that the impact of hot-carrier-induced gate capacitance variation on VLSI circuits is more critical than DC parameter (saturation current, threshold voltage, etc.) degradation. An electron beam probing was performed on a 64 Mb DRAM chip to detect the influence of gate capacitance variation in dynamic circuit blocks before and after hot-carrier stress.
Managing Electronic Resource Statistics

Management of a broad range of statistical measurements was the focus of Nancy Beals' presentation on electronic resource statistics. Wayne State University, with a student population of more than thirty-one thousand students, has one hundred thirty thousand electronic holdings spread throughout three hundred databases. Data for electronic holdings usage are captured from multiple sources and can be incorporated into easily accessible spreadsheets. The data can then be used to inform collection development decisions.