Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A computational study of trajectories of micro- and nano-particles with different shapes in flow through small channels

Transport of small particles, of micrometer and sub-micrometer size, by fluid occurs in many technological and biological systems. The channels through which the fluid flows are often with cross-sectional dimensions on the order of several to tens of micrometers. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of shape of micro- and nano-particles on particle trajectories when particles are transported within small channels as blood vessels. Efficiency of therapeutics by particles as the drug carriers is significantly dependent on particle trajectories. It is desirable to have particle trajectories approaching the vessel walls in order to increase therapeutic efficacy. We studied motion of particles in channels (pipes) for two physical conditions: Poiseuille flow, which is characteristic in pipe flow, and shear flow. Shear flow conditions are analyzed since the character of fluid flow near the wall in these systems can be approximated as shear, with a linear change of velocity with the distance from the wall. We here investigated trajectories of particles of different shapes in 2D flow using the finite element (FE) method, with a strong coupling approach for solid-fluid interaction and a remeshing procedure. The results give insight into the characteristics of the particle motion, e.g. trajectories and rotations, under various flow conditions in micron size channels, including flow in the presence of moving deformable discs. We demonstrate that the particle trajectories are essentially parallel to the wall for various conditions and that particle size and shape do not considerably alter the parallel nature of the trajectories.
AVPP

Value prediction improves instruction level parallelism in superscalar processors by breaking true data dependencies. Although this technique can significantly improve overall performance, most of the state-of-the-art value prediction approaches require high hardware cost, which is the main obstacle for its wide adoption in current processors. To tackle this issue, we revisit load value prediction as an efficient alternative to the classical approaches that predict all instructions. By speculating only on loads, the pressure over shared resources (e.g., the Physical Register File) and the predictor size can be substantially reduced (e.g., more than 90% reduction compared to recent works). We observe that existing value predictors cannot achieve very high performance when speculating only on load instructions. To solve this problem, we propose a new, accurate and low-cost mechanism for predicting the values of load instructions: the Address-first Value-next Predictor with Value Prefetching (AVPP). The key idea of our predictor is to predict the load address first (which, we find, is much more predictable than the value) and to use a small non-speculative Value Table (VT)—indexed by the predicted address—to predict the value next. To increase the coverage of AVPP, we aim to increase the hit rate of the VT by predicting also the load address of a future instance of the same load instruction and prefetching its value in the VT. We show that AVPP is relatively easy to implement, requiring only 2.5% of the area of a 32KB L1 data cache. We compare our mechanism with five state-of-the-art value prediction techniques, evaluated within the context of load value prediction, in a relatively narrow out-of-order processor. On average, our AVPP predictor achieves 11.2% speedup and 3.7% of energy savings over the baseline processor, outperforming all the state-of-the-art predictors in 16 of the 23 benchmarks we evaluate. We evaluate AVPP implemented together with different prefetching techniques, showing additive performance gains (20% average speedup). In addition, we propose a new taxonomy to classify different value predictor policies regarding predictor update, predictor availability, and in-flight pending updates. We evaluate these policies in detail.
' s personal copy Antioxidant properties and bioactive constituents of some rare exotic Thai fruits and comparison with conventional fruits In vitro and in vivo studies

a The Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel b Department of Soil Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand c Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland d Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80 952 Gdańsk, Poland e Department of Plant Science and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture/Postharvest Technology Research Institute/Postharvest, Technology Innovation Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand f Faculty of Agro-Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand g Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University, Chanthaburi 22000, Thailand
A Guidebook for Corridor-Based Statewide Transportation Planning

This guidebook provides a template for corridor planning that will assist states to better understand the implications of transportation decisions on mobility, communities, economic development, and environmental stewardship. The template can be a useful tool to help states program funds to meet identified needs and priorities. It should be of immediate use to transportation decision makers, managers, and planning practitioners involved in the preparation of statewide transportation plans and priority programs.
Petrogenesis of Pyroxenites and Melt Infiltrations in the Ultramafic Complex of Beni Bousera, Northern Morocco

The origin of pyroxenites and their relation to melt migration in the mantle have been investigated in two pyroxenite-rich zones in the Beni Bousera massif. Based on combined field, microtextural, mineralogical and geochemical observations, the pyroxenites were separated into four types. Type-I Cr-diopside websterites contain bright green diopside and have primitive bulk Ni, Cr and Mg-number. Their trace element systematics are characterized by slight light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment compared with the middle (MREE) and heavy (H)REE, and negative high field strength element (HFSE) anomalies in bulk-rock and mineral compositions suggesting that they result from melting of metasomatized mantle.Trace element concentrations of melts calculated to be in equilibrium withType-I cpx have a subduction-like signature and show a close similarity to certain lavas erupted in the Alboran Basin. Calculated mineral equilibration temperatures of 1200 to 13508C are close to the basalt liquidus and higher than for other pyroxenite types in Beni Bousera, which generally yield 511008C. Type-II spinel websterites are also primitive, but contain augitic clinopyroxene; their whole-rock compositions are characterized by highTi, Ni, and Mg-number, intermediate Cr and trace element patterns with LREE depletion over the MREE and HREE.Type-III garnet pyroxenites, which include the famous diamond-pseudomorph-bearing garnet pyroxenites, are more evolved thanTypes-I and -II and have low and variable Mg-number correlating with an Fe-enrichment trend. High bulk-rock and garnet HREE to LREE ratios result from high-pressure fractionation of garnet and augitic cpx at calculated pressures of445 to 20^30 kbar. Type-III pyroxenites display strong variations of LREE and HFSE depletion and strong bulk Nb/Ta fractionation. Calculated melts in equilibrium with augitic cpx are variably enriched in incompatible trace elements similar to intraplate basalts. Type-IV pyroxenites are composed of green diopside, opx, garnet and plagioclase and/or spinel. Whole-rocks have high Na2O, CaO and Al2O3 concentrations and high Mg-number, are HREE depleted, and have positive Eu and Sr anomalies. Garnets are characterized by low HREE/MREE and positive Eu anomalies.The absence of bulk-rock HREE enrichment indicates a metamorphic origin for this garnet, which is corroborated by the presence of Al-rich metamorphic spinels. Relict magmatic plagioclase indicates a shallower (510 kbar) crustal origin for these pyroxenites. Their metamorphic assemblage yields temperatures and pressures of 800^9808C and 14 kbar, indicating a pressure increase during the metamorphic overprint.The whole-rock geochemistry ofType-IV pyroxenites is comparable with that of rocks from the lower crustal section of the Kohistan (northern Pakistan) paleo-arc, indicating a possible origin of these rocks as cumulates in the deeper arc crust and subsequent delamination into the underlying mantle.
Software Execution DataSoftware Sytems Component Configuration & Behavioral Model Component Identification Interface Identification Architecture Discovery Interface Description & Contract Model Architectural Model Instrumentation Conformance · Components · Interfaces · Connector behavior

Software systems form an integral part of the most complex artifacts built by humans, and we have become totally dependent on these complex software artifacts (van der Aalst, 2015). Communication, healthcare, education and government all rely on software systems that take over more and more duties. Modern enterprises continue to invest in the creation, maintenance and change of complex software systems. However, numerous software projects still experience significant problems. Moreover, the complexity of modern software containing millions of lines of codes and thousands of dependencies among components is extremely high (Rubin et al., 2014), (Liu et al., 2016), (Liu et al., 2018c), (Liu et al., 2018d). This complexity makes it difficult to understand, maintain, evolve, improve, and etc. During the execution of software systems, many crashes and exceptions may occur, and it is a real challenge to understand how a software system is behaving. By exploiting the data recorded during the execution of software systems, one can discover behavioral models to describe the actual execution of software. The discovered behavioral models provide extensive insights into the real usage of software, enable new forms of model-based testing and improvements. Replaying execution data on such models helps to localize performance problems and architectural challenges. To help understanding the runtime behavior of a software system, we aim to discover an architectural model from the execution data. An architectural model typically structures a software system in terms of components, interfaces and interactions. Generally speaking, our research aims to answer the following questions: • How does the software system behave at runtime? – How many components are involved during the execution of the software system and how they really behave? – How many interfaces does a component contain and do they adhere to a typical (pre-defined) behavioral contract? – How do components interact with each other during execution? – What does the architectural model discovered from the execution data look like? • How is the quality of the architectural model that we discovered from the execution data? Does it conform to the reality (i.e., execution data)?
Estimating a Parsimonious Model of Inequality Aversion in Stackelberg Duopoly Experiments

In the Stackelberg duopoly experiments in Huck et al. (2001), nearly half of the followers’ behaviours are inconsistent with conventional prediction. We use a test in which the conventional self-interested model is nested as a special case of an inequality aversion model. Maximum likelihood methods applied to the Huck et al. (2001) data set reject the self-interested model. We find that almost 40% of the players have disadvantageous inequality aversion that is statistically different from zero and economically significant, but advantageous inequality aversion is relatively unimportant. These estimates provide support for a more parsimonious model with no advantageous inequality aversion.
Estimating the Impact of Seat Belt Use on Traffic Fatalities: Empirical Evidence from Canada

This study contributes to the literature by using provincial data in Canada between 1980 and 1996 to analyze the effect of seat belt use on traffic fatalities. Empirical estimates from first stage instrumental-variables regressions suggest that the enactment of mandatory seat belt laws is significantly associated with an increase in average seat belt use, while corresponding estimates from second stage regressions imply that a 1 percent increase in average seat belt use is correlated with a 0.17–0.21 percent drop in vehicle-occupant fatalities. These results suggest that roughly 17 percent of the observed decline in vehicle-occupant fatalities is attributable to the enactment of mandatory seat belt legislation and the corresponding increase in seat belt use.
Buyer Loyalty Development Through Seller Education of Service Buyers

ABSTRACT The present paper develops a model where service buyer loyalty can be achieved by seller education of the service buyer. Buyer education implies both offering services and development of the service buyer's capability to use the service. Service buyer education is facilitated by seller competence on the service offering and the buyer's context. The reason for this is that the more embedded the service seller is in the buyer's context, the better able are they to educate the service buyer. Antecedent to seller competence, at any given point of time, or level of relationship development, is the service buyer's current understanding of seller resources. The model is tested and confirmed on 255 small firms. The model identifies that education can align the service offering, buyer resources, and seller resources in buyer-seller relationships.
MTHFR and IL-4 Gene Polymorphisms Are Not Associated with Primary Dysmenorrhea in Young Adults

Abstract Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most common conditions among young adult females. The purpose of the present study was to investigate possible associations between the functional MTHFR gene C677T and IL-4 gene intron 3 VNTR polymorphisms with primary dysmenorrhea susceptibility in a Turkish population. One hundred and fifty-nine unrelated young women with primary dysmenorrhea and 135 unrelated healthy age-matched controls. Genomic DNA were isolated and MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay and IL-4 gene intron 3 VNTR polymorphism genotyped by using PCR with specific primers. The distribution of genotype and allele frequencies was not statistically different between the primary dysmenorrhea patients and healthy controls (p>0.05). According to the findings of first study of intron 3 VNTR polymorphism in the IL-4 gene and C677T polymorphism in MTHFR gene, these polymorphisms do not lead to increased susceptibility to primary dysmenorrhea.
Settling control and performance of dual-actuator system for hard disk drives

Presents a settling control of a dual-actuator system for hard disk drives. The dual-actuator system consists of a voice coil motor (VCM) as a first stage actuator and a push-pull type piezo-electric transducer (PZT) as a second stage actuator. The settling controller is designed in three steps. In the first step, the VCM controller is designed so that the VCM feedback loop has basic performance and appropriate stability. In the second step, the PZT controller and a decoupling filter are designed in order to achieve superior performance of the dual-actuator system. The decoupling filter, which is placed between the PZT controller output and the VCM controller input, is a PZT output estimator so that the PZT actuator output is canceled at the VCM controller input. In the third step, the reference trajectory is designed for fast and smooth settling. In this study, the closed-loop sensitivity function is used as a performance index, and the gain and phase margins of the open-loop characteristic are used as stability measures. Experimental results show that the dual actuator system with the proposed settling controller achieves better performance than a single actuator system with the same VCM and a conventional settling controller.
A new helmet testing method to assess potential damages in the Brain and the head due to rotational energy

Preservation and protection of the head segment is of upmost importance due to the criticality of the functions entailed in this section of the body by the brain and the nervous system. Numerous events in daily life situations such as transportation and sports pose threats of injuries that may end or change a person’s life.In the European Union, statistics report that almost 4.2 million of road users are injured non-fatally, out of which 18% is represented by motorcyclist and 40% by cyclists, being head injuries 34% for bicyclists, and 24% for two-wheeled motor vehicles. Not only vehicles, are a source of injuries for the human head according to the injury report, 6,1 million people are admitted in hospitals for sports related injuries, where sports such as hockey, swimming, cycling presented head injuries up to 28%, 25% and 16% respectively (European Association for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion, 2013). According to records the vast majority of head crashes result in an oblique impact (Thibault & Gennarelli, 1985). These types of impacts are characterized for involving a rotation of the head segment which is correlated with serious head injuries. Even though there is plenty of evidence suggesting the involvement of rotational forces current helmet development standards and regulations fail to recognize their importance and account only for translational impact tests.This thesis contains an evaluation for a different developed method for testing oblique impacts. In consequence a new test rig was constructed with basis on a guided free fall of a helmeted dummy head striking an oblique (angled) anvil which will induce rotation.The results obtained are intended to be subjected to a comparison with another oblique test rig that performs experiments utilizing a movable sliding plate which when impacted induces the rotation of a dropped helmeted dummy head. The outcome will solidify the presence of rotational forces at head-anvil impact and offer an alternative testing method.After setting up the new test rig; experiments were conducted utilizing bicycle helmets varying the velocities before impact from 5m/s to 6m/s crashing an angled anvil of 45°. Results showed higher peak resultant values for rotational accelerations and rotational velocities in the new test rig compared to the movable plate impact test, indicating that depending on the impact situation the “Normal Force” has a direct effect on the rotational components. On the other hand a performed finite element analysis predicted that the best correlation between both methods is when the new angled anvil impact test is submitted to crashes with a velocity before impact of 6 m/s at 45° and the movable sliding impact test to a resultant velocity vector of 7,6m/s with an angle of 30° . In conclusion the new test method is meant to provide a comparison between two different test rigs that will undoubtedly have a part in the analysis for helmet and head safety improvements.
Title Involvement of autophagy in the pharmacological effects of themTOR inhibitor everolimus in acute kidney injury

Inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) have immunosuppressive and anti-cancer effects, but their effects on the progression of kidney disease are not fully understood. Using cells from normal kidney epithelial cell lines, we found that the antiproliferative effects of mTOR inhibitor everolimus accompanied the accumulation of a marker for cellular autophagic activity, the phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated form of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3-II) in cells. We also showed that the primary autophagy factor UNC-51-like kinase 1 was involved in the antiproliferative effects of everolimus. Levels of LC3-II decreased in the kidneys of rats treated with ischemia-reperfusion or cisplatin; however, renal LC3-II levels increased after administration of everolimus to rats subjected to ischemia-reperfusion or cisplatin treatment. Simultaneously, increased signals for kidney injury molecule-1 and single-stranded DNA and decreased signals for Ki-67 in the proximal tubules were observed after treatment with everolimus, indicating that everolimus diminished renal function after acute tubular injury. We also found leakage of LC3 protein into rat urine after treatment with everolimus, and urinary LC3 protein was successfully measured between 0.1 and 500 ng/mL by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Urinary LC3 levels were increased after administration of everolimus to rats subjected to ischemia-reperfusion or cisplatin treatment, suggesting that renal LC3-II and urinary LC3 protein are new biomarkers for autophagy in acute kidney injury. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the induction of autophagy by everolimus aggravates tubular dysfunction during recovery from kidney injury. & 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
L OG H YPERBOLIC C OSINE L OSS I MPROVES V ARIA - TIONAL A UTO -E NCODER

In Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE), the default choice of reconstruction loss function between the decoded sample and the input is the squared L2. We propose to replace it with the log hyperbolic cosine (log-cosh) loss, which behaves as L2 at small values and as L1 at large values, and differentiable everywhere. Compared with L2, the log-cosh loss improves the reconstruction without damaging the latent space optimization, thus automatically keeping a balance between the reconstruction and the generation. Extensive experiments on MNIST and CelebA datasets show that the log-cosh reconstruction loss significantly improves the performance of VAE and its variants in output quality, measured by sharpness and FID score. In addition, the gradient of the log-cosh is a simple tanh function, which makes the implementation of gradient descent as simple as adding one sentence in coding.
Development and Uses of Iterative Systematic Literature Reviews in Electrical Engineering Education

It is expected that most, if not all, graduate students will posses skills necessary for doing literature reviews. It is less clear how to teach these skills most effectively especially to students who are area novices and unfamiliar with review process. Systematic literature reviews offer a solid instructional framework which can be implemented across curriculum and offer an opportunity to teach course material differently so that student learn not just the literature review technique itself but also some segment of the course material. Our pilot study investigated issues related to practical implementation of systematic literature reviews in two classes, with different course lengths and purpose of review assignments. Our initial results are encouraging: students’ selfefficacy with respect to ability to do reviews improved and they think that this skill is useful. We have developed a new rubric for evaluation of final reports as well as weekly schedule of tasks.