Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metabarcoding analysis of the bacterial and fungal communities during the maturation of preparation 500, used in biodynamic agriculture, suggests a rational link between horn and manure

Horn manure (Preparation 500) is a product used in the practice of biodynamic agriculture. It is obtained by an underground fermentation of cow fecal material incubated in cow horns for several months. The product is used as spray treatment meant to increase soil fertility. In the present report, we analyzed the successional changes in bacterial and fungal communities throughout the process of horn manure maturation by high throughput sequencing of ribosomal 16S (bacterial) and ITS (fungal) gene markers. Marked shifts in the microbial community were seen involving a general decrease from a Firmicutes-dominated material to a product transiently enriched in Proteobacteria and later in Actinobacteria, mostly within the Nocardioidaceae family. In the fungal community evolution, the most abundant taxon in the starting fecal material resulted a member of the Onygenales order, known to specifically degrade keratin. Its abundance in the intestine is explained by the fact that keratin, which is also the structural component of hairs and horns, is found in all epithelial layers, including gut mucosae. This occurrence suggests a link of enzymatic/catabolic nature between manure and horn.
An insider looking in or an outsider wannabee? Studying vulnerable hard-to-reach populations in the field of victimology – the example of the Roma communities in Sweden

This article reviews methodological barriers to victimological research on vulnerable hard-to-reach populations and presents a reflexive discussion of insider and outsider positions in a study researching Roma communities’ victimization in Sweden. As a Roma (Traveler/resande) academic, I found that some aspects of my identity were linked to an insider position, while other aspects of my identity were often perceived by study participants as outsider attributes. Within the framework of critical reflexivity, this article considers the impact of my insider/outsider position at each stage of the research process. The article rearticulates the importance of researcher reflexivity, mainly when both researchers and participants exhibit multiculturality, which has become more common in the globalized world.
Identifying and Controlling for Variation in Canid Harvest Data

An accurate understanding of harvest trends is required for effective wildlife management. Trapper harvest data represent valuable long‐term data for evaluating patterns and trends for wildlife species at broad spatiotemporal scales. Inferring accurate trends from harvest data, however, first requires identifying and controlling for confounding factors that vary independent of abundance. We investigated trends in 43 years of trapper harvest data (1976–2018) from Illinois, USA, for red fox (Vulpes vulpes), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and coyote (Canis latrans) while controlling for factors that may affect trapper effort, including number of effective (i.e., successful) trappers, pelt price, gasoline price, winter unemployment, and winter weather conditions. Annual trapper harvest for red and gray foxes declined and was affected by gasoline price and winter unemployment, whereas annual trapper harvest for coyotes increased and was not strongly affected by other covariates. After adjusting for pelt price, harvest of red foxes was relatively stable, but harvest of gray foxes declined and harvest of coyotes increased. Effects of covariates on harvest per successful trapper varied by species; nevertheless, we detected an increasing trend for coyotes and decreasing trends for gray foxes and red foxes. Concordance across indices for gray foxes and coyotes was consistent with hypothesized declines for gray foxes and increases for coyotes in the midwestern United States. Trends for red foxes varied depending on how we accounted for potential confounding factors and it is unclear if these trends suggest population declines or distribution shifts to urban areas with reduced trapping susceptibility. Our results highlight the importance of understanding sources of variation in harvest data and that their effects can vary across species. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Characterization of Bottled Waters by Multielemental Analysis, Stable and Radiogenic Isotopes

Multi-elemental (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V, and Zn) and stable isotope (i.e., δ2H, δ18O, and δ13CDIC) analyses were performed on 13 (8 Slovenian and 5 imported) bottled mineral and spring waters from the Slovenian market. In addition, 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios were determined for the first time. In all analyzed bottled waters, the majority of elements were present although in low concentrations, and according to EU legislation, all were suitable for human consumption. Also, concentrations of major elements (Ca, Mg, Na, and K) were in general agreement with the values reported on the bottle labels, and any differences were the consequence of the natural variability of the water source used for bottling. The exception was one spring water, for which the source location changed, which was confirmed by the δ2H, δ18O, and δ13CDIC data. Two mineral waters had distinctive elemental compositions due to the particular geology of their recharge areas. The δ13CDIC was also investigated to decipher the carbonate contribution in the bottled waters. The results suggest that dissolution of carbonates and non-equilibrium carbonate dissolution by carbonic acid produced from soil zone CO2 are the predominant geochemical processes influencing the δ13CDIC values of bottled water.
Phoretic or not? Phylogeography of the pseudoscorpion Chernes hahnii (Pseudoscorpiones: Chernetidae)

Abstract An organism's ability to respond to ecological changes at its currently inhabited location, and to colonize a new one, is particularly important for organisms inhabiting ephemeral habitats. Phoresy, which involves attaching of a non-vagile individual to a selected carrier of a different species, is used by a wide variety of taxa, but surprisingly little is known about the genetic structure of phoretic species. A better understanding of their genetic structure would help elucidate the efficacy of this manner of dispersal. In this study, we analyse the phylogeographic patterns of the pseudoscorpion Chernes hahnii (C.L. Koch, 1839) across a 1830 km range, encompassing most of the species' distribution range in Europe. The lack of geographic structure and low divergences within the two main clades suggest that C. hahnii disperses by phoresy. Individuals shared haplotypes at localities 350 km apart and very little divergence was detected between localities over 1450 km away from each other, indicating that phoresy is a very efficient manner of dispersal in this species. We also detected highly divergent populations within C. hahnii; however, more material and additional data would be necessary in order to evaluate the potential existence of cryptic diversity within this species.
The Educational Interrelation of Narrative Creativity and Written Expression Dimensions as an Innovative and Didactic Process in Learning a Foreign Language

The aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of narrative creativity on the subject of written foreign languages in secondary school students. A quasi-experimental longitudinal study was conducted with 117 students of 14–15 years of age in two secondary schools in Andalusia (Spain) with experimental and control groups. The tools used were a writing expression analysis tool designed by the authors and the Creative Imagination for Youngsters Test (Prueba de Imaginación Creativa para Jóvenes, PIC-J). The results showed that the participants of the experimental groups improved in terms of the originality and usage of variables of imaginary elements. We also found gender differences—in favor of female students—in the experimental groups in terms of foreign language improvement during the study. Finally, there was a slight interrelation of students with higher narrative creativity showing greater improvements in their written expression skills.
Near-Surface Transport Properties and Lagrangian Statistics during Two Contrasting Years in the Adriatic Sea

This paper describes the near-surface transport properties and Lagrangian statistics in the Adriatic semi-enclosed basin using synthetic drifters. Lagrangian transport models were used to simulate synthetic trajectories from the mean flow fields obtained by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm), implemented in the Adriatic from October 2006 until December 2008. In particular, the surface circulation properties in two contrasting years (2007 had a mild winter and cold fall, while 2008 had a normal winter and hot summer) are compared here. In addition, the Lagrangian statistics for the entire Adriatic Basin after removing the Eulerian mean circulation for numerical particles were calculated. The results indicate that the numerical particles were slower in this simulation when compared with the real drifters. This is because of the reduced energetic flow field generated by the MIT general circulation model during the selected years. The numerical results showed that the balanced effects of the wind-driven recirculation in the northernmost area(which would be a sea response to the Bora wind field) and the Po River discharge cause the residence times to be similar during the two selected years (182 and 185 days in 2007 and 2008, respectively). Furthermore, the mean angular momentum, diffusivity, and Lagrangian velocity covariance values are smaller than in the real drifter observations, while the maximum Lagrangian integral time scale is the same.
Biology of peatlands

Preface 1. Peatland habitats 2. Diversity of life in peatlands 3. Adaptations to the peatland habitat 4. Sphagnum - the builder of boreal peatlands 5. Peat and organic soil 6. The peat archives 7. Peatland succession and development 8. Hydrology of peatlands 9. Nutrients, light, and temperature 10. Peatland patterns and landforms 11. Peatlands around the world 12. Productivity and carbon balance 13. Uses, functions, and management of peatlands Glossary
Relative Gene Expression Study on Casein Protein and its Regulatory Genes in Mammary Epithelial Cells of Surti Goat

This investigation was carried out to study the relative gene expression of casein proteins and its regulatory genes in mammary epithelial cells of Surti goats at 30 and 90 days interval postpartum. 10 healthy Surti goats were selected from Livestock Research Station, Navsari. The non-invasive method was used for the isolation of Mammary Epithelial Cells (MEC) from goat milk samples. The relative gene expression of CSN1S1 (αs1-casein), CSN1S2 (αs2-casein), CSN2 (β-casein), CSN3 (κ-casein) and its regulatory genes C/EBP and STAT5A genes and KRT14 (epithelial cell marker) gene were studied in MEC. The relative gene expression of CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN3 and C/EBP genes were significantly up-regulated with the advancement of lactation at 90 days postpartum. The relative gene expression of CSN2 was highly significant and had a positive correlation with its regulatory genes C/EBP and STAT5A at 30 days and 90 days, respectively. The relative gene expression of CSN1S2, CSN3, and C/EBP genes was positively correlated with protein percent at 30 days and 90 days postpartum in Surti goats.
The nexus between
 CEO
 incentives and analysts' earnings forecasts

In this paper, we examine the nexus between analysts’ forecasts and CEO incentives over different forecasting horizons. We assemble a unique analyst-level sample for US firms covering the period between 1992 and 2015 from three different databases that provide information for CEO incentives and analysts’ characteristics. Panel regression results reveal significant effect of CEO incentives and analysts’ characteristics on the forecast accuracy of the latter. The reported results suggest that CEO incentives driven by high compensation, restricted stock holdings and stock ownership can correct analysts’ optimism, whereas CEO bonus and sensitivity to changes in firm’s value exacerbate analysts’ optimism. We further examine how CEO incentives affect the impact of earnings management on analysts’ forecasts. Results show that CEO incentives can augment the effect of earnings management on analysts’ forecasts with CEO bonus being the most deteriorating factor. Our findings also indicate that experienced analysts are more optimistic in their forecasts, while higher forecast frequency can correct this optimism. We further show whether regulations affect forecasts. JEL Classification: G21, G30, G34.
DETEKSI SEBARAN MUATAN PADATAN TERSUSPENSI DENGAN MODEL EMPIRIS DAN MODEL SEMI-ANALITIK DI PERAIRAN BEKASI

Salah satu parameter dalam kualitas air adalah muatan padatan tersuspensi (MPT). Muatan padatan tersuspensi terdiri dari lumpur, pasir dan jasad renik yang disebabkan pengikisan tanah yang terbawa ke badan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi sedimen tersuspensi di perairan Bekasi. Landsat 8 digunakan untuk analisis padatan tersuspensi dengan platform Google Earth Engine dengan membandingkan antara model empiris dan semi-analitik. Alur studi ini meliputi deliniasi wilayah non air menggunakan data citra surface reflectance, analisis MPT, dan visualisasi. Selanjutnya dilakukan validasi dengan data in situ, pemilihan model dan implementasi time series. Hasil deteksi MPT tertampil dengan tampilan warna yang berbeda sesuai dengan konsentrasinya. Hasil uji validasi dengan data in situ menunjukkan nilai Normalized Mean Absolute Error (NMAE) model semi-analitik lebih mendekati syarat minimum yaitu sebesar 66,8%, berbeda jauh dengan model empiris sebesar 43768%. Nilai Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) pun terlihat bahwa model semi-analitik menghasilkan nilai yang jauh lebih kecil sebesar 51,4 dan model empiris sebesar 58577,2. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa model semi-analitik memiliki nilai yang lebih baik dalam mendeteksi sebaran MPT. Analisis time series menunjukkan bahwa persebaran MPT tahun 2015 – 2019 di perairan pesisir memiliki sebaran MPT yang sangat tinggi, karena banyaknya tambak dan muara sungai. Oleh karena itu, model semi-analitik lebih direkomendasikan untuk mengestimasi konsentrasi MPT dibandingkan dengan model empiris.
Monitoring Scheme for the Detection of Hydrogen Leakage from a Deep Underground Storage. Part 1: On-Site Validation of an Experimental Protocol via the Combined Injection of Helium and Tracers into an Aquifer

Massive underground storage of hydrogen could be a way that excess energy is produced in the future, provided that the risks of leakage of this highly flammable gas are managed. The ROSTOCK-H research project plans to simulate a sudden hydrogen leak into an aquifer and to design suitable monitoring, by injecting dissolved hydrogen in the saturated zone of an experimental site. Prior to this, an injection test of tracers and helium-saturated water was carried out to validate the future protocol related to hydrogen. Helium exhibits a comparable physical behavior but is a non-flammable gas which is preferable for a protocol optimization test. The main questions covered the gas saturation conditions of the water, the injection protocol of 5 m3 of gas saturated water, and the monitoring protocol. Due to the low solubility of both helium and hydrogen, it appears that plume dilution will be more important further than 20 m downstream of the injection well and that monitoring must be done close to the well. In the piezometer located 5 m downstream the injection well, the plume peak is intended to arrive about 1 h after injection with a concentration around 1.5 mg·L−1. Taking these results into account should make it possible to complete the next injection of hydrogen.
Determinants of agricultural emissions: panel data evidence from a global sample

Abstract Using the panel data of 89 economies from 1995–2012, this study examines the major drivers of agricultural emissions while considering affluence, energy intensity, agriculture value added and economic integration. We find long-run cointegration among the variables. Furthermore, our empirical results based on a dynamic fixed effects autoregressive distributed lag model show that the increases in income and economic integration – proxied by trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) – are the major contributors to higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture in the short run. Additionally, the increases in income, agriculture value added and energy consumption are the major drivers of agricultural emissions in the long run. Notably, trade openness and FDI inflows have significantly negative effects on GHG emissions from agriculture in the long run. These results apply to methane and nitrous oxide emissions. The empirical findings vary across three subsamples of countries at different development stages.
Application of 150 kHz Laser for High-Order Harmonic Generation in Different Plasmas

Application of high pulse repetition rate lasers opens the way for increasing the average flux of the high-order harmonics generating in the ions- and nanoparticles-containing plasmas ablated on the surfaces of various metal targets. We demonstrate the harmonic generation of 37 fs, 150 kHz, 1030 nm, 0.5 mJ pulses in different plasmas. The formation of plasma plumes on the surfaces of carbon, titanium, boron, zinc, and manganese targets was performed during laser ablation, using 250 fs pulses from the same laser. The ablation of the mixed powder of boron nanoparticles and silver microparticles was used for generation of harmonics with high yield. Harmonics up to the fortieth orders from the carbon plasma were obtained. The estimated conversion efficiencies in laser-produced plasmas were ≤10−5. The photon flux for a single harmonic generating in carbon plasma was estimated to be 8 × 1013 photons/s.
Attribution of Streamflow Variations in Southern Taiwan

Climate change and anthropogenic activity are the main factors impacting the hydrological environment. For sustainable water utilization, identifying the impact contribution of these two factors on the streamflow variations is an important topic in recent research. In this study, seven river basins in southern Taiwan were selected as the study area to evaluate the annual streamflow from 1980 to 2017. The decomposition and elasticity methods based on the Budyko hypothesis were applied to quantify the contribution of climate and anthropogenic factors to the streamflow variations. In addition, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used to represent the actual situation of land cover and verify the parameters in the Budyko equation. The two quantitative methods consistently demonstrated that the streamflow variations from pre- to post-period occurred due to the climate factor. The elasticity coefficient of variables demonstrated that the streamflow change is more sensitive to precipitation and this influence reduces from pre- to post-period as the streamflow increase. In the NDVI variations, except for the Yanshui and the Linbain rivers, the Budyko equation parameters changed consistently with NDVI. The present study provides effective results on the contribution of streamflow variations in southern Taiwan to serve as a reference for future water management.
LARGE PLATE EXPERIMENT OF CHLORIDE-INDUCED STRESS CORROSION CRACKING IN SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL STORAGE CANISTERS

This report provides a description of the testing (in progress at the Savannah River National Laboratory) to evaluate the corrosion behavior of a large section of welded plate material harvested from the Sandia National Laboratories’ full-size mockup of a spent nuclear fuel (SNF) dry storage canister. The details of the establishment of this plate test, the interim corrosion results (from visual examination), and the general plan for examination of the plate in CY21 to evaluate crack growth behavior (if any) are provided. This work is intended to inform aging management programs for SNF canisters under conditions of extended dry storage. A “large plate” (approximately 51×46 cm with thickness 16 mm and weight about 30 kg) and containing a circumferential weldment from the mockup is the test specimen. The knowledge of the salt, temperature, humidity conditions for chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) including the threshold stress intensity factor, K ISCC , were used to setup the large plate test in which a set of part-through-wall and through-wall electrical discharge machined (EDM) defects were positioned in the weld residual stress field of the welded plate material from the mockup canister. A marine salt solution was applied to this plate specimen with an air-brush spray, then dried, and then exposed to a sustained 71-73% RH condition at an ambient room temperature of 22 °C. The salt loading and environmental condition is expected to be aggressive to cause CISCC. The
Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Rpa2 N-Terminal Phosphorylation during DNA Repair and Checkpoint Adaptation in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv DEDICATION . v LIST OF TABLES . xii LIST OF FIGURES . xiii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xvii LIST OF SYMBOLS . xix LIST OF APPENDIX FIGURES . xx CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.
Chitosan enhances the production of antioxidant phenolic compounds in carrot through a synergistic effect with wounding stress

In the present study, the postharvest application of wounding stress applied alone and combined with chitosan was evaluated as an innovative tool to increase the concentration of antioxidant phenolic compounds in carrots. Carrots were wounded to obtain pie-cuts and shreds. The whole and wounded tissue (300 g) was sprayed with a chitosan suspension (0.5% w/v), and the content of individual phenolics were evaluated before and after 48 h of storage at 20 °C. When the two stresses were combined (wounding+chitosan) a synergistic effect on the accumulation of phenolic compounds were obtained. For instance, after storage chlorogenic acid and p-coumaric acid derivative increased by 5,069.1% and 385%, respectively, in chitosan treated carrot shreds. Similarly, isocoumarin, which was not detected in carrots before storage, showed a high accumulation after storage in chitosan treated carrot shreds (1,074.8 mg/kg). Results presented herein demonstrated that the combination of wounding stress and chitosan can be used as an effective strategy to increase the content of antioxidant phenolic compounds in carrots. The stressed carrot tissue can be used as raw material to obtain value-added food products or for the extraction and purification of phenolics with application in the food and dietary supplement industries.
SUZUKİ YAKLAŞIMI ÖRNEĞİ İLE ERKEN YAŞ MÜZİK EĞİTİMİNDE MOTİVASYON

Kemanci ve pedagog Shinichi Suzuki, II. Dunya Savasi sonrasinda uygulamaya koydugu bu metotla yetenegin dogustan olmadigini, egitim ile kazanilabilecegini ilk defa one surerek tum dunyada dikkat cekmistir. Ana Dil Metodu olarak da adlandirdigi bu yaklasimla cocuklar cok kucuk yasta muzik egitimine baslayabilmektedir. Klasik muzik egitiminde enstruman calmaya baslama yasi 7-8 iken Suzuki Metodu ile bu yas 3’e inmistir. Egitim felsefesinin cekirdegini olusturan fikirde, cocugun dogduktan itibaren konusmayi ogrenme basamaklarinin muzik egitimine adapte edilmesi dusuncesi vardir. Bu yaklasim ile okul oncesi cocuklara ulasarak becerilerini en uygun zamanda ve en dogru sekilde gelistirmek amac olmustur. Aileyi bire bir egitimin icine alan Suzuki Metodunun basarisi, egitimin her asamasinda cocugun motivasyonuna yonelik aile-ogrenci-egitmen etkilesimine odakli olmasindan kaynaklanir. Bu yapi ile muzik, cocugun gelisiminde dogallikla yer alir, surdurulebilir olur. Arastirma, literatur tarama yapilarak yazilmis, Suzuki Muzik Egitimi Metoduyla verilen calgi egitimini olusturan ogelerin onemi ortaya konularak bu ogelerin ogrenci motivasyonundaki etkileri aciklanmistir.