Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study of the Effect of Impeller Geometrical Parameters on Fluid Hydrodynamics in Copper Solvent Extraction Mixer

Dynamic mixers are widely used in hydrometallurgical processes. Improvement in mixers’ efficiency is one of the greatest challenges in this research. The geometrical factors of the impeller are of the most important elements affecting hydrodynamics and efficiency. Type, diameter, speed and off-bottom clearance of impeller are investigated in this work. These factors are validated by experimental setup. Mixing time is assumed fixed. Materials composition is set according to solvent extraction unit of Sarcheshmeh copper complex, Iran. The setup is manufactured according to the mixer dimensions in industrial unit. The hydrodynamic behavior of mixture is visualized by using an advanced imaging and lighting system. The effect of impeller speed in the range of 75 to 275 rpm on the position of eddies and fluid hydrodynamics are investigated. According to the results, at impeller speeds more than 200 rpm dead zones around the baffles are intend to be vanished. Furthermore, the effect of off-bottom clearance on hydrodynamics is studied. Optimum clearance to tank diameter ratio are determined 0.4 and 0.33 for 100 and 200 rpm, respectively. Results shows Rushton impeller with 6 vertical blades and impeller to tank diameter of 0.33 is optimum.
STM-Induced Desorption and Lithographic Patterning of Cl-Si(100)-(2x1).

A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) was used to investigate tip-induced chlorine desorption and lithographic patterning of Cl-terminated Si(100)-(2x1) surfaces from 4 K to 600 K in ultra-high vacuum. Until now, STM lithography has exclusively focused on hydrogen-based chemistry for donor device fabrication. As the initial step in developing halogen-based chemistries for STM fabrication of acceptor-based devices, we have substituted the hydrogen resist with chlorine. We found that chlorine can be selectively desorbed by the STM tip using both electron and hole injection. Observations show that targeted chlorine was not driven into the surface but desorbed completely as both individual and pairs of atoms. Chlorine depassivation lithography is demonstrated using both field emission patterning to desorb chlorine from large areas with high efficiency (0.83(1)) and atomic-precision patterning to desorb one to two dimer rows at a time, resulting in 1.5 nm wide lines. Further, varying the experimental parameters for lithography revealed a positive correlation between pattern line widths and both positive sample bias voltage (1.7(2) nm/V) and total electron dose (0.15(2) nm/(mC/cm)), demonstrating that the energy and total number of electrons play a role in desorption from multiple sites.
Soluble solids, acidity, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of fruits and berries cultivated in Serbia

Introduction. Cacak is the large fruit production region in Serbia; it presents an enormous diversity represented by different fruit species, highlighting apricot and small fruits. The objective of this work was to investigate and compare the main temperate fruit and berry quality attributes in eight species and their cultivars grown under similar environmental conditions. Materials and methods. The species evaluated were blackberry, woodland and domesticated strawberry, red and white currant, jostaberry (Ribes nigrum × Ribes uva-crispa ), gooseberry and apricot. Standard laboratory procedures and methods were used to determine fruit or berry weight, soluble solids content (SSC), acidity (TA) and contents of bioactive compounds. Results and discussion . Significant and strong differences among species were detected for all properties evaluated, especially for fruit or berry weight. The fruits of apricot contained the highest soluble solids content (15.28 ° Brix) and ripening index (RI) value (22.49), whereas blackberry is a very rich source of acidity (1.47%), antioxidant power [161.88 mg AA g-1 dry weight (DW)], total phenolics (110.07 mg GAE g-1 DW) and total flavonoids (51.55 mg RUE g-1 DW). A strong relationship between some quality attributes was detected. Also, the cultivar per se (genotype) behaved as the most influencing factor determining fruit and/or berry chemical composition. Conclusion. Results of our work confirmed that fruits or berries evaluated are rich in primary and secondary metabolites. They showed desirable characteristics for the fresh consumption, while the most of them had high contents of natural antioxidants and may be recommended as a good raw material for the food industry.
Automated optimization of neural networks in estimating medical outcomes

Our artificial neural network (ANN) software requires nine parameters to be initialized when running an experiment. Tuning each parameter for optimum ANN performance, one at a time, is very time-consuming since a user must adjust each or a combination of these parameters to obtain optimal results. The objective of this work was to develop a program that automatically optimizes all of these parameters without user supervision. The problem was approached using a "divide and conquer" technique. The ANN results obtained with the new automated network were compared with results obtained previously with the manual method. In addition, a new stopping criterion where the network monitors its own performance to choose when to stop training was introduced. The accuracy of the new ANN was similar to the previously manually-optimized networks. The network parameters' sensitivity curves, in determining the highest correct classification rate (best accuracy), show that the momentum, learning rate, learning rate increment, and the error ratio were the most sensitive parameters; the weight-decay constant and the learning rate decrement were least sensitive on network performance. The improvements in the experimental approach allow our future experiments to be run around the clock on several computers simultaneously, and without user supervision.
Management of Ethical Problems in Sport Within the Justice Framework

Sport is a social environment in which the occurrence of ethical problems constitutes a rather frequent phenomenon. Thus, better ways of managing such problems are sought. The present study moves towards this direction, starting with a description of the ethical problems occurring in sport and their possible causes. Then, issues concerning the ethical problems occurring are discussed, aiming at their better management. In this discussion, issues such as the ethical climate to be promoted by sports organizations are touched upon, along with the determination of organizational justice which allows the management of moral issues by all members of sports organizations.
A Novel RFI Suppression Method for Compressive Sensing SAR Imaging

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has the all-day, allweather ability to work. It has become one of the important sensors for military reconnaissance and civilian remote sensing. Radio frequency interference (RFI) is the major interference source for low frequency band SAR systems. This paper proposes a novel RFI suppression method for Compressive Sensing SAR. To the compressed sampled echo data, the greedy algorithm is adopted to estimate RFI spectrum with sparse feature, the minimum description length (MDL) criteria is used to estimate the RFI components sparsity. Then to the echo signal of each pulse, the RFI signal components are estimated and filtered in the time domain directly. Lastly, conventional compressive sensing SAR reconstruction algorithm can be applied to achieve imaging output.
Running head: COSMETIC SURGERY 1 Potential Predictors that Influence Women to Undergo Cosmetic Surgery

There may be relationships among collectivism, self-esteem, and religiousness in relation to individual acceptance of cosmetic surgery. This present study hypothesized that both self-esteem and religiousness would be negatively correlated with individual acceptance of cosmetic surgery. It was also hypothesized that an individual with higher levels of collectivism would be more likely to show higher levels of acceptance of cosmetic surgery. A multiple regression analysis expected self-esteem, collectivism, and religiousness to be the significant predictors of the acceptance of cosmetic surgery. Questionnaire data were collected from 565 female college students from a Christian university in the southeastern United States. Based on data analyses, it was found that self-esteem and collectivism showed no significant relationships with the acceptance of cosmetic surgery. However, religiousness presented a negative correlation with the acceptance of cosmetic surgery. Moreover, religiousness was revealed to be a significant predictor of the acceptance of cosmetic surgery based on the multiple regression data analysis.
A Theory of Aggregate Consumption

We develop a Keynesian model of aggregate consumption. Our theory emphasizes the importance of the relative income hypothesis and debt-finance for understanding household consumption behavior. It is shown that particular importance attaches to how net debtor households service their debts, and that the treatment of debt servicing commitments as a substitute for savings by these households creates the potential for “sudden stops” in consumption spending (and hence aggregate demand). The implications for aggregate consumption of changes in the distribution of income and changes in the composition of employment are also explored.
Développement d'un endomicroscope multiphotonique compact et flexible pour l'imagerie in vivo haute résolution de tissus biologiques non marqués

La microscopie multiphotonique est un outil essentiel d’investigation en biologie cellulaire et tissulaire. Son extension a l’endoscopie est l’objet d’intenses efforts de recherche pour des applications en neurosciences (imagerie cerebrale du petit animal) ou en clinique (diagnostic precoce, aide a la biopsie). Ce manuscrit porte sur le developpement d’un endomicroscope multiphotonique presentant des performances inedites. Ce dispositif est alimente par un oscillateur titane-saphir standard. Vient ensuite un module de pre-compensation des distorsions lineaires et non lineaires se produisant dans la fibre endoscopique. Ce module permet d’obtenir des impulsions compressees de 39 fs a la sortie d’une fibre microstructuree air-silice innovante a double gaine de 5 metres de long qui est optimisee pour l’excitation multiphotonique (cœur central de 3,4 µm a maintien de polarisation) et la collection du signal produit par les cibles biologiques. A l’extremite de la fibre, on trouve une sonde endoscopique, de 2,2 mm de diametre pour 37 mm de long, composee d’un micro-scanner a fibre optique et d’un micro-objectif achromatique de distance de travail superieure a 400 µm. La resolution spatiale de l’appareil vaut 0,83 µm et l’acquisition se fait en simultane sur deux canaux spectraux a 8 images/s. L’appareil a permis l’enregistrement d’images in vivo sans marquage des tubules et de la capsule renale, respectivement par fluorescence a deux photons des flavines et par generation de second harmonique du collagene, avec 30 mW sur les tissus et jusqu’a 300 µm sous la surface de l’organe.
Semi-Arid Plantation by Anatolian Black Pine and Its Effects on Soil Erosion and Soil Properties

In this study, the effects of Anatolian Black pine [(Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] plantation on hydro-physical soil properties and soil loss were investigated. This study was carried out on the afforestation field of Anatolian Black Pine in the Golbasi district of Ankara province, which is included in the arid and semi-arid regions. Totally 48 soil sample in two soil depth level (0-20cm, 20-50cm) were collected from forest (36 soil sample) and barren (control) area (12 soil sample). Hydro-physically important soil properties were analysed [Sand (%), Silt (%), Clay (%), Organic Matter (%), pH, Field Capacity (%), Wilting Point (%), Saturation (%), Available Water Holding Capacity (cm/cm) Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity (cm/hr), Bulk Density (gr/cm3)]. And soil loss in a unit area by using ABAG (Allgemeine Boden Abtrags Gleichung) model was estimated. Soil properties and soil loss amount relations among the land use group were determined. Topsoil (0-20cm) and subsoil (20-50cm) properties except subsoil organic matter were significantly affected by land use group. Finally, Significant changes were found for annual soil loss amounts in a unit area. Avarage annual soil loss in planted area was found approximately 5.5 times less than barren area at 0-50 cm soil depth. Vegetation factor (C) which is one of the most important components of the soil loss equation, has been significantly affected by afforestation in a short period of 40 years and thus it was a variable to reduce to soil loss.
Efficient RDIB Technique for Degraded Document Images

In this digital world of technology, we are interconnected to each other via a soft and strong internet medium. Our Entire data, being in a digital world, is available in the form of soft copies of documents. With this, we can update, store, backup and preserve the soft copies of our documents. This is the case with the latest data, but going towards our old traditional data, which is available only on hard copies of the paper, we come across a lot of problems while preserving such rad copies of data. Many a times the old and ancient traditional documents play a vital role in our day to day life. Most of the papers containing our data get degraded due to lack of attention and improper handling and preservation. Most commonly seen degradation of such papers is interference of the text written on the front and back of the papers. In order to make this interfered front end data separate from rear page data many researchers have been proposed binarized documentation methodology. Here we study and analyze various binarization techniques proposed previously and then propose the new and innovative technique for the same. We create the binarized image of the degraded image through some intermediate steps. Ultimately, the binarized image will be next processed by the post processing module. The final output of entire process will generate a clear and binarized image with foreground text clearly seen without interference.
TI 12-125/DSF 45/IV Stock Market Asymmetries: A Copula Diffusion

The paper proposes a model for the dynamics of stock prices that incorporates increased asset comovements during extreme market downturns in a continuous-time setting. The model is based on the construction of a multivariate diffusion with a pre-specified stationary density with tail dependence. I estimate the model with Markov Chain Monte Carlo using a sequential inference procedure that proves to be well-suited for the problem. The model is able to reproduce stylized features of the dependence structure and the dynamic behaviour of asset returns. JEL Classification: C11, C51, C58
Financing Small and Medium-Scale Enterprises for Sustainable Growth and Development in Nigeria: A Case Study of Zaria, Kaduna State

Economic growth and development can not be achieved without putting in place well – focused programmes to create employment opportunities, generation of income and reduction in poverty. This can be achieved through provision of credit facilities to small and medium-scale enterprises. This study therefore, has attempted an investigation into the role of financial institutions in financing Small and Medium – Scale enterprises in Zaria Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Using multivariate Logit regressions to analyze a sample of cross sectional data across 40 enterprises, and testing the hypothesis using the log-likelihood statistics, the study reject the null hypothesis that the total amount generated by financial institutions and disbursed to SMEs is not positively correlated with the development of the SMEs sub-sector. The study reveals that boardroom politics, loan repayment records, competition, interest rates value of fixed assets and bureaucratic procedures are some of important factors that determine the ability of prospective entrepreneurs in obtaining loans from financial institutions. It concludes with the recommendations that establishment of functional micro insurance schemes, granting loans to well established firms, removal of all structural and institutional bottlenecks and adoption of the ability to pay criteria in the disbursement of loans are necessary conditions to ensure vibrant SMEs in the country. Keywords : Financial Institutions, Credit Facilities, Small and Medium Scale Enterprise Sustainable Growth and Development, Entrepreneurs.
Shopper marketing implications on communication strategies and actions

Shopper marketing is an international recent concept and approach to marketing. Since shopper marketing is in the early stages of development, it is also an emerging research field, and consequently questions and challenges acrossall the marketing-mix variables are emerging. This paper addressesshopper marketing implications on one of those variables – communication.Specifically, the purpose of this paper is to study the implications of the shopper marketing approach on marketing/brand communication, focusing on point-of-purchase (POP) communication strategies and actions. In order to address that purpose, an expert opinions qualitative study was conducted, gathering primary data from fourteen shopper marketing experts, following a snowball sampling technique.The results confirm the literature review and complement it, providing explanations and adding elements that might help towards a more effective marketing communications management, particularly at the POP.
Environmental Impact of Zinc on hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters in Caspian Roach (Rutilus caspicus) (Research note)

The aim of study was to investigate the toxicity effect of zinc at low concentration (10% LC50) and high doses (50%LC50) on roach (Rutilus caspicus). Roach with an average weight of 3.3 g and lengths of 4 cm were used in this work. Acclimatized fish were fed daily with a formulated feed.Caspian Roach were exposed to a low concentration of 10% LC50 and high concentration of 50% LC50 ofzinc for a period of control (0), 24, 48 and 96h static toxicity examination, operated within the tank of 400L. In 10% LC50 concentration zinc (96h) immune parameters neutrophil, monocyte and lymphocyte are not shown significant change toward control group (P>0.05) and in 50% LC50 concentration zinc (96h), immune factors lym showed significant decrease toward control but neu factor significantly increase toward control group (P 0.05). In low and high concentrations of zinc, results showed zinc can cause changes in hematological, biochemical and immunological factors in Caspian roach; therefore, assessment of these indicators, could be useful to detect pollution of aquatic ecosystems.
Study of elementary micro-cutting in hardened tool steel

In order to model micro-milling cutting forces, a way is to apply a local model on discretized elements of the cutting edge and then summing on the whole edge to obtain the global cutting forces. This local model is usually obtained by numerical simulation or cutting experimentation. This paper focuses on orthogonal and oblique micro-cutting experiments of AISI 6F7 with tungsten carbide tools. Results show the influence of cutting edge sharpness on cutting forces and the existence of different mechanisms corresponding to different ranges of uncut chip thickness values. A phenomenological model has been identified to model correctly these zones. Then, by comparing experimental micro-milling forces with those deduced from these micro-cutting model and tests, a good agreement has been found. In order to complete this study, phenomenological and thermo mechanical models are being developed. The aim is to obtain an elementary cutting model that can be used for micro-milling simulation and optimization.
Idea Spotter and Comment Interpreter: Sensemaking tools for Idea Management Systems

Regular contributors and facilitators using current idea management systems face the problem of information overload. With large numbers of ideas to be assessed or refined, they lack adequate support to efficiently make sense of unstructured idea descriptions and comments. We propose two sensemaking tools as enhancements of current idea management systems: the idea spotter and the comment interpreter. Both integrate interactive user interfaces that use the output of automatic linguistic analysis of ideas and comments. In this workshop paper we present the prototypes, their preliminary evaluation, and the next steps in this research. Author
General health status of residents nearby high voltage substations in Tehran, Iran

Objective and background: Modern styles of living have caused human beings to expose various chemical and physical factors which can cause adverse effects on the health and welfare of individuals in different levels. This study is aimed to assess general health status of residents nearby high voltage substations in Tehran in 2011. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study which was performed on 400 randomly selected residents over 18-year-old nearby high voltagesubstations. Electric and magnetic fields adjacent to these substations were measured by Holaday HI 3604 Electromagnetic Meter and general health status of residents in the vicinity of mentioned substations were evaluated using a verified questionnaire. Findings: Mean of measured electric fields’ strengthand magnetic flux density around the 400 KV high voltage substation lines was 3610V/m and 275 mG, respectively, and it was higher than other electric substations. Furthermore, results of general health status of residents nearby high voltage substations showed that; the highest frequency percentage was attributed to mental disorders. Physical, anxiety and depression disorders were in the second grade, though. On the other hand, the lowest frequency percentage was related to social dysfunction. Conclusion: Most of the studied population (64.8%) was suspected to have mental disorders. Considering the effects of other factors except electromagnetic waves on the general health of individuals, therefore, more and valuable studies are needed in this regard.
The Effect of Counterfeits on the Perceptions toward Luxury Fashion Brands

This study explores if consumer perceptions about genuine luxury fashion merchandise are affected by the presence of counterfeits. A total of 504 consumers participated in an online survey. First, respondents were asked to indicate whether or not they agreed that counterfeits negatively affect genuine luxury fashion brands and to provide reasons for their responses. Approximately 57% replied that counterfeit goods negatively affect the image of genuine luxury fashion brand goods. The main reason mentioned was that counterfeit products damage the producer/copyright holder of genuine products, as well as the national economy; they believed that it damaged the genuine luxury brands' image due to the luxury goods becoming less rare; however, 43% of respondents stated that counterfeits did not negatively affect genuine luxury fashion brands. Thus, counterfeit availability reflects that a brand is renowned and popular in a market where consumers can recognize genuine luxury fashion products from counterfeits. Second, the respondents were asked about specific luxury fashion brands and indicated that seeing counterfeits did not negatively affect genuine luxury fashion brands' value, brand reputation or satisfaction of ownership. The majority of respondents disagreed that the availability of counterfeits negatively affects the value, reputation and satisfaction of owning original luxury brands.