Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stance detection for online public opinion awareness: An overview

Stance detection, which focuses on users' deep attitudes, is an important way to understand the online public opinion. This paper presents an overview of stance detection. First, we present a general framework for stance detection, and the main steps of the framework are introduced in detail. The state‐of‐the‐art stance detection methods are categorized into three classes: feature‐based methods, deep learning‐based methods, and ensemble learning‐based methods. Moreover, the advantages and limitations of the existing methods are analyzed. The survey findings show that hybrid‐neural network‐based methods are superior to the other methods. In addition, existing methods still need to pay more attention to the sentiment information, user‐interaction, and attempt to merge more external knowledge to help improve the effect of stance detection.
The Value of Preemptive Pick-Up Services in Dynamic Vehicle Routing for Last-Mile Delivery: Space-Time Network-Based Formulation and Solution Algorithms

In recent years, with the increase of emerging pick-up requests during service, logistics companies have been driven to integrate delivery and pick-up service in a dynamic environment. To provide a balanced and robust approach to cope with delivery requests and emerging pick-up requests, this article aims at considering and modeling a practically useful service principle as preemptive services. To our knowledge, most existing studies assume that the dynamically arriving requests are handled in a non-preemptive processing sequence; that is, once the delivery person is allocated to a task, the process is noninterruptible till it gets completed. In the preemptive service, a service suspension of the delivery process (with low service utility) is allowed to satisfy the pick-up requests (with high service utility) first. To provide a systematic assessment on the value of preemptive service for evolving urban logistics systems, a dynamic vehicle routing problem with preemptive pick-up service (VRPPS) is proposed to systematically describe the problem with potentially complex dynamic priorities among different tasks. Based on a dynamically constructed space-time network, this study formulates a multicommodity flow model that aims at optimizing the generalized service utility and the operating cost simultaneously. To provide a fast value approximation, we present a solution framework deploying the augmented Lagrangian relaxation approach with embedded dynamic programming algorithms. This framework jointly integrates the processes of updating request information and obtaining optimal routes. Finally, the validity and effectiveness of the proposed methods are evaluated on an illustrative network and a real-world last-mile delivery network operated by a logistics company.
Heavy element Nucleosynthesis in the MHD Jet Explosions of Core-Collapse Supernovae

For the rst time heavy element nucleosynthesis in the magneto‐hydrodynamical (MHD) explosions of core‐collapse supernovae are investigated using a massive star of 13M⊙ in a main sequence stage. Contrary to the case of the spherical explosion, jet‐like explosion due to the combined effects of the rotation and magnetic eld lowers the electron fraction signicantly inside the layers above the Fe‐core. Then, the anisotropic shock waves pass through the oxygen rich layers. As a consequence, we nd that the nucleosynthesis of the r‐ and p‐process proceeds appreciably compared to the models previously considered.
Cheating on Testing: Cramming on Test Preparation

Professor Glenn Fulcher’s research has influenced language testing and assessment in two ways: in proposing a new understanding of data-driven speaking test design, and in drawing attention to the core identity of language testers. The former has had a powerful impact on practical speaking testing and assessment. The latter has asked a very essential question of what language testers do, exploring philosophical, historical, and social ideas from a pragmatic view of language testing and assessment. In particular, Fulcher (2015)’s chapters on meritocracy and values in language tests explain why we have been using tests throughout history to discern vital roles of language tests and yet why people attempt to cheat on them, in relation to ‘three Ms’ ideas including meritocracy, material success, and motivation. Within this view, this paper aims to review TOEFL cramming practices on test preparation, using Fulcher (2015)’s notion of cheating. Korean test takers study TOEFL cramming skills at test preparation companies to acquire admission to schools, called Hagwons in Korean. However, there is little research regarding cramming practices in terms of cheating. Collected data from my doctoral study (Kim, 2016) were reviewed. It was found that cramming skills as a form of cheating were explicitly taught in class, including use of actual test questions, memorisation of sample answers, and the use of a testing environment. The study revealed reasons to lead the cramming skills: (1) practical benefits of test scores, (2) speaking and writing sections and (3) investments of test preparation. The implications of the study are to raise awareness of the importance of links between cheating and cramming in the field of language testing and teaching.
Altimetric measurements of rotating turbulence: cyclone-anticyclone asymmetry, inertial and Kelvin waves and spectral characteristics

Results from a new series of experiments on turbulent flows in a rotating circular container are presented. Electromagnetic forcing is applied to induce flow in a layer of fluid of constant depth. Continuously forced as well as decaying flows are investigated. Optical altimetry is used to measure the gradient of the surface elevation field and to obtain the velocity and vorticity fields with high temporal and spatial resolution. Spectral analysis of the flows demonstrates the formation of dual cascade with energy and enstrophy intervals although the corresponding spectral fluxes of energy and enstrophy are not uniform in these intervals. The energy interval is characterized by the slope of approximately -5/3 in terms of wavenumber and is limited in extent by the finite radius of deformation effect. In the enstrophy range, the slope is steeper than -3 due to the presence of long-lived coherent vortices. The spatial patterns of spectral fluxes in the flow indicate that inverse energy transfer and direct enstrophy transfer occur mainly in elongated vorticity patches. Cyclone/anticyclone asymmetry in favor of anticyclones is observed in our flows. Dominance of anticyclones is most clear during the decay phase of turbulence. The anticyclones remain circular while cyclonic vorticity is stretched into elongated patches. Measurements show that skewness of vorticity distribution increases with increasing Froude number of the flow. Inertial and Kelvin waves are detected in our experiments; their characteristics are analysed against the appropriate dispersion relations.
DETECTION OF STRUCTURAL CRACKS OF AN AIRCRAFT USING DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS

Thanks to developments in machine learning (ML), particularly deep learning, which now has the greatest performance among algorithms, narrow artificial intelligence, often known as "weak AI," has progressed during the past few years. further machine learning for deep learning to provide potent model parameters that can forecast the occurrence of certain events in the future, massive volumes of data, also referred to as "big data” and must be rapidly collected. Such a big damage event dataset is not accessible in many other fields, such as visual inspection of aeroplanes, and this makes it difficult to train deep learning algorithms to work effectively. Good at spotting physical damage to aircraft structures. In order to reach this human-level intelligence in aircraft damage inspection, it is possible to include inductive bias into deep learning. This paper provides an illustration of how to incorporate expertise in aircraft engineering into the creation of deep learning algorithms. The effectiveness of our method, which builds a deep convolutional neural network that categorises crack lengths based on break propagation curves acquired from fatigue testing, was shown on aerospace grade aluminium samples.
Toward an atom laser: Cold atoms in a long, high-gradient magnetic guide

The propagation of an atomic beam through a 1.7 m long magnetic guide with magnetic field gradient of up to 2.7 kGauss-cm−1 has been demonstrated. The guide is side-loaded with an atomic beam from a Pyramidal MOT Low-velocity Intense Source. The atomic beam observed at the end of the guide has a flux of 3×107 atomss−1 with a velocity of 1.2 m/s, a transverse temperature of 420±40 μK and a longitudinal temperature of 1 mK. The guided atomic beam was mode-filtered by selective removal of high-energy atoms using radio-frequency coupling to magnetically untrapped states. We found that the phase-space density of the atomic beam was very low for evaporative cooling to be functional. An imaging technique was developed to characterize the guided atomic flow in the presence of a high magnetic field gradient. This technique utilizes the openchannel transition to obtain nearly constant photon yield per atom independent of the location of the atom in the guide, providing a mapping of the fluorescence images to the atomic-density profiles. This technique was theoretically studied using Quantum Monte-Carlo Simulations and validated. A Zeeman slower was constructed and characterized to be used as the primary source of atoms to the magnetic guide. The Zeeman slower output atomic beam has a flux of 3×1011 atoms-s−1 at a velocity of 40 m/s. We have designed a new injection scheme to transfer atoms from the Zeeman slower to the magnetic guide efficiently. The details of a new method to evaporatively cool atoms in the magnetic guide using
Approximation linéaire des surfaces de R3 et applications

La premiere partie, realisee en cooperation avec m. Wohlgemuth, presente de nouveaux exemples de surfaces minimales de r3, regulieres, orientables, completes, de courbure totale finie et plongees (surfaces abeliennes). La redaction insiste sur la conception des outils informatiques necessaires a l'obtention des resultats experimentaux et surtout sur le processus de formalisation ayant permis de promouvoir ces resultats au rang de theoremes. La seconde partie concerne les approximations lineaires des surfaces de r3 i. E. Des triangulations inscrites. Nous etablissons de nouveaux resultats concernant les equivalents discrets des invariants geometriques lisses et particulierement la courbure de gauss. Nous decrivons l'implantation d'un nouveau mailleur surfacique. Enfin nous presentons des applications concretes du calcul numerique des courbures discretes
Double electron capture searches in $^{74}$Se

A search for various double electron capture modes of $^{74}$Se has been performed using an ultralow background Ge-detector in the Felsenkeller laboratory, Germany. Especially for the potentially resonant transition into the 1204.2 keV excited state of $^{74}$Ge a lower half-life limit of $0.70\cdot 10^{19}$ yr (90% credibility) has been obtained. Serious concerns are raised about the validity of obtained $^{74}$Se limits in some recent publications.
The Mediating Role of Resilience and Electronic Health Literacy in the Relationship Between Pandemic Fatigue and Adherence to Preventive Behaviours Against COVID-19

Introduction: There is emerging literature on the decline in adherence to preventive measures against the COVID-19 pandemic, a phenomenon of pandemic fatigue (PF). However, academics and policymakers have debated its existence and consequences. We conducted this study to explore this phenomenon, its existence, determinants, and relation to adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures, and the mediating role of resilience, fear of COVID-19, and electronic health literacy about COVID-19 in this relationship. Methods: This cross-sectional online study was conducted from April to June 2021 using a convenience sample of 650 Saudi adults from all regions of Saudi Arabia using a reliable questionnaire. A structural equation model (SEM) was used for mediation analysis. Results: The results revealed a moderate level of PF among Saudi adults. Younger patients experienced more PF. Fear of COVID-19 had a non-significant (p=0.127) effect on PF. SEM analysis revealed that both resilience and electronic health literacy significantly (p=0.000) mediated the relationship between PF and adherence to preventive measures, and acted as protective factors. In conclusion, there is evidence that PF exists and negatively affects adherence to preventive measures. Conclusion: Policymakers should apply evidence-based programs to increase public resilience, particularly targeting young adults, as the results of the current study shed light on its protective mediating role against PF. Increasing electronic health literacy is an effective strategy for preventing PF through an increase in the perceived effectiveness of preventive measures.
Evaluation of the Relationship of Fatigue, Anxiety and Depression Levels in Individuals with the Precautions Taken in the COVID-19 Pandemic Process

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 process and the measures taken on fatigue, anxiety and depression levels in individuals, and the factors that may cause this effect. Methods: The study is of cross-sectional type. A total of 281 participants who applied to the pandemic outpatient clinic were included in the study. Data collection form with 27 questions and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) with 14 questions were used in the study. Relationships between data were evaluated with t-test and chi-square test in independent groups. The importance levels of the factors affecting the anxiety and depression scores were determined by the Chaid Analysis. Statistically, cases with p
INTERACTIONS OF THE INFRARED BUBBLE N4 WITH ITS SURROUNDINGS

The physical mechanisms that induce the transformation of a certain mass of gas in new stars are far from being well understood. Infrared bubbles associated with H ii regions have been considered to be good samples for investigating triggered star formation. In this paper we report on the investigation of the dust properties of the infrared bubble N4 around the H ii region G11.898+0.747, analyzing its interaction with its surroundings and star formation histories therein, with the aim of determining the possibility of star formation triggered by the expansion of the bubble. Using Herschel PACS and SPIRE images with a wide wavelength coverage, we reveal the dust properties over the entire bubble. Meanwhile, we are able to identify six dust clumps surrounding the bubble, with a mean size of 0.50 pc, temperature of about 22 K, mean column density of 1.7 × 1022 cm−2, mean volume density of about 4.4 × 104 cm−3, and a mean mass of 320 M⊙. In addition, from PAH emission seen at 8 μm, free–free emission detected at 20 cm, and a probability density function in special regions, we could identify clear signatures of the influence of the H ii region on the surroundings. There are hints of star formation, though further investigation is required to demonstrate that N4 is the triggering source.
Enterprise Architecture Planning as a Marketing Strategy Based on MSME Product Information Systems

This research is intended to assist MSME actors in developing information technology which aims to design a marketing information system and inventory management so as to make it easier for MSME actors to monitor MSME marketing activities easily and precisely. In this study, the Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) method was chosen because the EAP method has complex components in the design activities of the information system in question. In addition, qualitative research methods are used to inform the facts that occurred by using observations, interviews, and documentation. So that the process and meaning are shown in this study so that the information provided is in accordance with the facts that occurred, while the informants in this study involved the head of the workshop and two of the workshop employees. Therefore, the selection of this method is considered appropriate to assist MSME actors in planning the development of product marketing information systems by utilizing information technology developments as a step to develop MSMEs that are run. The design of the development of the information system created can be used to make it easier to manage the number of stock items that were previously done manually but with the use of technology it can make it easier for MSMEs to find out the total number of goods automatically correctly based on data recorded by the system and then displayed as the right information. and accurate.
Aspects of the Level of Digitisation in Medical Care in Germany: Development of a Typology

Introduction. Today, most people own smartphones, which fit into their pockets and are more powerful than the first supercomputers, and which they can use to communicate, stream music or measure their pulse. There is no end in sight to this rapid technological development. This also applies to the rapidly growing volume of health-related data. Objectives: In doctor’s practices, medical data, such as medical history, blood test results and diagnostic findings, are recorded directly in the computer system. In biomedical research entire genomes, for example those of malignant tumors, are sequenced almost routinely and are also stored and processed electronically. And, more and more people are themselves using smartphone apps, wearables and in future perhaps also implanted biosensors for continuously measuring their blood pressure, blood sugar levels and pulse. Methodology: In qualitative social research, there are only a few approaches that involve a detailed explanation and systematization of the typology process. As the concept of type is of central importance for qualitative social research, it is crucial to clarify the concept and the process of typology, as presented by Kluge in her essay published in the FQM (Forum for Qualitative Social Research). In the evaluation of secondary data from the KBV (National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians), the methodology of this approach is based on the procedure of typology development according to Kluge (2000), with the aim of demonstrating a systematic and transparent development of types and typologies in the digitization process.
Simple model of the slingshot effect

We present a detailed quantitative description of the recently proposed “slingshot effect. ” Namely, we determine a broad range of conditions under which the impact of a very short and intense laser pulse normally onto a low-density plasma (or matter locally completely ionized into a plasma by the pulse) causes the expulsion of a bunch of surface electrons in the direction opposite to the one of propagation of the pulse, and the detailed, ready-for-experiments features of the expelled electrons (energy spectrum, collimation, etc). The effect is due to the combined actions of the ponderomotive force and the huge longitudinal field arising from charge separation. Our predictions are based on estimating 3D corrections to a simple, yet powerful plane 2-fluid magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model where the equations to be solved are reduced to a system of Hamilton equations in one dimension (or a collection of) which become autonomous after the pulse has overcome the electrons. Experimental tests seem to be at hand. If confirmed by the latter, the effect would provide a new extraction and acceleration mechanism for electrons, alternative to traditional radio-frequency-based or Laser-Wake-Field ones.
Effect of oscillatory whole-body vibration versus neuromuscular exercise on static and dynamic balance in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effect of Whole body vibration (WBV) versus neuromuscular exercise (NEMEX) to prove which treatment produced significant effect on pain, knee function disability, static and dynamic postural stability in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Method: Forty-five patients (39 women and 6 men) aged 45 to 62 years with grade 2 KOA were randomly assigned into the following three groups (all n = 15): group A (control group) received traditional treatment only (US, stretching and strengthening exercise); group B received NEMEX and traditional treatment and group C received WBV exercise and traditional treatment. Outcome measures were assessed pre and post treatment and included pain severity using the Arabic numerical pain rating scale (ANPRS), functional disability by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index, static balance (close and open eye) by Unipedal Stance Test and dynamic stability by Biodex Balance System (BBS). Results: The within-group analysis showed significant changes in pain severity, functional disability, static and dynamic stability index in groups B and C pre and post treatment (p < 0.05).
Rings of Invariant Module Type and Automorphism-Invariant Modules

SURJEET SINGH AND ASHISH K. SRIVASTAVADedicated to T. Y. Lam on his 70 th BirthdayAbstract. A module is called automorphism-invariant if it is invariant underany automorphism of its injective hull. In [Algebras for which every indecom-posable right module is invariant in its injective envelope, Paciﬁc J. Math.,vol. 31, no. 3 (1969), 655-658] Dickson and Fuller had shown that if R isa ﬁnite-dimensional algebra over a ﬁeld F with more than two elements thenan indecomposable automorphism-invariant right R-module must be quasi-injective. In this paper we show that this result fails to hold if F is a ﬁeldwith two elements. Dickson and Fuller had further shown that if Ris a ﬁnite-dimensional algebra over a ﬁeld Fwith more than two elements, then R is ofright invariant module type if and only if every indecomposable right R-moduleis automorphism-invariant. We extend the result of Dickson and Fuller to anyright artinian ring. A ring R is said to be of right automorphism-invarianttype (in short, RAI-type) if every ﬁnitely generated indecomposable right R-module is automorphism-invariant. In this paper we completely characterizean indecomposable right artinian ring of RAI-type.