Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards insight-driven sampling for big data visualisation

ABSTRACT Creating an interactive, accurate, and low-latency big data visualisation is challenging due to the volume, variety, and velocity of the data. Visualisation options range from visualising the entire big dataset, which could take a long time and be taxing to the system, to visualising a small subset of the dataset, which could be fast and less taxing to the system but could also lead to a less-beneficial visualisation as a result of information loss. The main research questions investigated by this work are what effect sampling has on visualisation insight and how to provide guidance to users in navigating this trade-off. To investigate these issues, we study an initial case of simple estimation tasks on histogram visualisations of sampled big data, in hopes that these results may generalise. Leveraging sampling, we generate subsets of large datasets and create visualisations for a crowd-sourced study involving a simple cognitive visualisation task. Using the results of this study, we quantify insight, sampling, visualisation, and perception error in comparison to the full dataset. We use these results to model the relationship between sample size and insight error, and we propose the use of our model to guide big data visualisation sampling.
A New Integration-Based Procedure to Extract the Threshold Voltage, the Mobility Enhancement Factor, and the Series Resistance of Thin-Film MOSFETs

A method is presented to extract the series resistance, the threshold voltage, and the mobility enhancement factor of thin-film MOSFETs. This integration-based method, which only requires measuring the saturation drain current from a single test device, was tested using simulated and measured data of three different devices: amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide (IGZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and polysilicon thin-film transistors (TFTs).
Does Risk Sorting Explain Bubbles?

A recent stream of experimental economics literature studies the factors that contribute to the emergence of financial bubbles. We consider a setting where participants sorted according to their degree of risk aversion trade in experimental asset markets. We show that risk sorting is able to explain bubbles partially: Markets with the most risk-tolerant traders exhibit larger bubbles than markets with the most risk averse traders. In our study risk aversion does not correlate with gender or cognitive abilities, so it is an additional factor that helps understand bubbles.
Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Derivatives From 2-Mercaptobenzoxazole

In this work 2-mercaptobenzoxazole (2-MBO) (1), was prepared by using homemade Auto clave . The synthesis involve treatment of 2-MBO with 2-chloro acetyl chloride to give 2-chloroacetyl thio benzoxazole (2), the product was treated with phenyl hydrazine to give 2-phenyl hydrazide acetyl thio benzoxazole (3). The new derivatives (4-13) were synthesized by reaction of 2-phenyl hydrazide acetyl thio benzoxazole (3) with different aromatic aldehydes in the presence of acetic acid. The compound (2) was treated with hydrazine hydrate to give product (14) then treated with different aromatic aldehydes in the presence of glacial acetic acid to give Schiff bases derivatives (15-24). Structure of all the prepared compounds confirmation were proved using (FT-IR), ( 1 H-NMR), ( 13 C-NMR) spectra and elemental analysis (C .H .N.S) in addition to melting points.
Future Needs in Weed Science

Losses due to weeds in the United States and the cost of their control are now more than $20 billion annually (35). Of this total, $13 billion represents a 10% annual loss in agricultural production that includes not only the direct competition of weeds to reduce crop yields but also the reduced quality of produce, livestock losses, and increased cost of fertilizer, irrigation, harvesting, grain drying, transportation, and storage. In addition, farmers spend more than $7.2 billion to control weeds each year. About 43% of the expenditures to control weeds is the retail cost of herbicides, $3.1 billion, in 1980 (15). The value of herbicides sold in 1984 will probably be about 15% higher than in 1980. An additional $4.1 billion represents the cost of tillage and hand labor required for weed control (35). The total loss of over $20 billion represents an indirect annual weed tax of about $85 on each individual living in the United States.
Pressure-volume-temperature behaviour of polymers during rapid cooling.

Shrinkage and warpage are two common problems in plastic components. The consequences of incorrect mould design leading to excessive shrinkage or warpage are often very expensive in terms of scrap or longer cycle times than necessary. Lack of confidence in the prediction of shrinkage can also lead to reluctance to bid for work requiring tight tolerances. As tolerances get tighter and profit margins come under more pressure the ability to be able to predict confidently the final size and shape of plastic components is becoming more important. Software such as Moldflow or C-Mold seeks to reduce the risk of producing parts with shrinkage or warpage problems by providing quantitative predictions based on reliable data. One of the important input data sets to these software packages is pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) behaviour. Until very recently, PVT data has only been available at, or near, equilibrium conditions. However, in injection moulding, it is important to cool as rapidly as possible to reduce cycle times and maximise equipment utilisation. Thus a method of measuring PVT behaviour of polymers during rapid cooling is needed.
Tree height prediction models for two forest reserves in Nigeria using mixed-effects approach

Height-diameter models for predicting tree height are essential for routine forest inventory. These models can be developed using fixed-or mixed-effects approach. Few studies have applied the mixed-effect approach to developed height prediction model for the natural forest in Nigeria. Therefore, in this study, the mixed-effect modelling approach was used to develop height prediction models for Ikrigon and Cross River South (CRS) Forest Reserves, Nigeria. Data consist of 776 and 438 height-diameter pairs from Ikrigon and CRS Forest Reserves, respectively. Five 2-parameters and five 3-parameters height-diameter models were evaluated including Nalund, Wykoff, Curtis, Meyer, Michaelis-Menten, Chapman-Richards, Ratkowsky, Korf, Logistic and Gompertz. Model fitting was done in two stages: Fixed-effect approach was used in the first stage wherein candidate models were selected and refitted in the second stage using mixed-effect approach. Adjusted coefficient of determination, root mean square error, mean absolute bias, Akaike information and Bayesian information criterion were used to assess the models. The results showed that Gompertz and Meyer models were more consistent. Gompertz and Meyer had adjusted coefficient of determination, root mean square error, mean absolute bias, Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion of 0.642, 4.457, 3.501 and 4591.487, 4638.028; and 0.638, 4.482, 3.541, 4592.008, 4619.933, respectively for Ikrigon and 0.724, 4.076, 3.215, 2536.148 and 2576.970; and 0.711, 4.176, 3.273, 2536.352 and 2560.845, respectively for CRS. The mixed-effect approach improved tree height predicting of the forest stands. These models are recommended for estimating tree height in the forest reserves.
Relighting human locomotion with flowed reflectance fields

Overview We present an image-based approach for capturing the appearance of a walking or running person so they can be rendered realistically under variable viewpoint and illumination. Considerable work has addressed aspects of postproduction control of viewpoint and illumination of a human performance. Most proposed systems address only one of those two aspects e.g. [Wilburn et al. 2005], [Wenger et al. 2005]. [Theobalt et al. 2005] addressed control both of the viewpoint and illumination, however the approach is challenge by low sampling of both lighting and view dimensions. We take a step toward an image-based approach to obtaining postproduction control over both viewpoint and illumination of cyclic full-body human motion by combining the performance relighting technique of [Wenger et al. 2005] with a novel view generation technique based on a flowed reflectance field. By restricting our consideration to cyclic motion such as walking and running, we are able to acquire a 2D array of views by slowly rotating the subject in front of a 1D vertical array of three high speed cameras and segmenting the data per motion cycle. We then use a combination of light field rendering and view interpolation based on optical flow to render the subject from new viewpoints.
02. Body size affects digestive performance in a Mediterranean lizard

Effective digestion is decisive for survival. In nature, where most animals feed sporadically, high digestive performance guarantees they will gain the most out of their infrequent meals. Larger body size implies higher energy requirements and digestion should function properly to provide this extra energy. Comparing Skyros wall lizards (Podarcis gaigeae) from Skyros Island to large (“giant”) lizards from a nearby islet, we tested the hypothesis that digestion in large individuals is more efficient than in small individuals. We anticipated that giant lizards would have higher gut passage time (GPT), longer gastrointestinal (GI) tracts and higher apparent digestive efficiencies (ADE) for lipids, sugars and proteins. These predictions were only partially verified. Giant lizards indeed had longer (than expected based on body length) GI tract and longer GPTs but achieved higher ADE only for proteins, while ADEs for lipids and sugars did not differ from the normal-sized lizards. We postulated that the observed deviations from the typical digestive pattern are explained by cannibalism being more prominent on the islet. Giant lizards regularly consume tail fragments of their conspecifics and even entire juveniles. To break down their hard-to-digest vertebrate prey, they need to extend GPT and thus they have developed a longer GI tract. Also, to fuel tail regeneration they have to raise ADEproteins. It seems that larger size, through the evolution of longer GI tract, enables giant lizards to take advantage of tails lost in agonistic encounters as a valuable food source.
System of Systems Readiness Assessment

Is this system still fit for purpose? This question becomes critical in a system of systems because many unannounced changes occur throughout the system content and context during its operational life. This challenge arises in multiple usage domains such as defense, national security, industrial, financial, commercial or personal. A system of systems readiness assessment capability must be devised by the systems engineering activity and rigorously vetted during system development, deployment and evolution. The authors describe a set of candidate capabilities and technologies which may enable a comprehensive, fast and trusted assessment capability. Furthermore such assessment capability may be extended to aid in highlighting system resiliency shortfalls, diagnosing failures, and vetting proposed changes to any constituent system.
Visual Dialog

We introduce the task of Visual Dialog, which requires an AI agent to hold a meaningful dialog with humans in natural, conversational language about visual content. Specifically, given an image, a dialog history, and a question about the image, the agent has to ground the question in image, infer context from history, and answer the question accurately. Visual Dialog is disentangled enough from a specific downstream task so as to serve as a general test of machine intelligence, while being sufficiently grounded in vision to allow objective evaluation of individual responses and benchmark progress. We develop a novel two-person real-time chat data-collection protocol to curate a large-scale Visual Dialog dataset (VisDial). VisDial v0.9 has been released and consists of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mo>∼</mml:mo></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="das-ieq1-2828437.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>1.2M dialog question-answer pairs from 10-round, human-human dialogs grounded in <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mo>∼</mml:mo></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="das-ieq2-2828437.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>120k images from the COCO dataset. We introduce a family of neural encoder-decoder models for Visual Dialog with 3 encoders—Late Fusion, Hierarchical Recurrent Encoder and Memory Network (optionally with attention over image features)—and 2 decoders (generative and discriminative), which outperform a number of sophisticated baselines. We propose a retrieval-based evaluation protocol for Visual Dialog where the AI agent is asked to sort a set of candidate answers and evaluated on metrics such as mean-reciprocal-rank and recall<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$@k$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mo>@</mml:mo><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="das-ieq3-2828437.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> of human response. We quantify the gap between machine and human performance on the Visual Dialog task via human studies. Putting it all together, we demonstrate the first ‘visual chatbot’! Our dataset, code, pretrained models and visual chatbot are available on <uri>https://visualdialog.org</uri>.
Bird’s-eye view of an Ediacaran subglacial landscape

Depositional evidence for glaciation (dropstones, diamictites) is common in Neoproterozoic strata, and often debated, but erosional evidence (e.g., unconformities cut directly by ice) is rare. Only two such unconformities are known to have been well preserved globally from the Ediacaran Period (in western Australia and central China). This paper provides the first full description of a spectacular subglacial landscape carved beneath ice masses in the Shimengou area of central China, with classical subglacial bed forms including general faceted forms, müschelbruche, cavetto, spindle forms, and striations that testify to an abundance of meltwater during subglacial erosion. These features were produced during the southward, somewhat sinuous, flow of a temperate to polythermal ice mass.
Tracking code clones in evolving software

Code clones are generally considered harmful in software development, and the predominant approach is to try to eliminate them through refactoring. However, recent research has provided evidence that it may not always be practical, feasible, or cost-effective to eliminate certain clone groups. We propose a technique for tracking clones in evolving software. Our technique relies on the concept of abstract clone region descriptors (CRD), which describe clone regions within methods in a robust way that is independent from the exact text of the clone region or its location in a file. We present our definition of CRDs, and describe a complete clone tracking system capable of producing CRDs from the output of a clone detection tool, notify developers of modifications to clone regions, and support the simultaneous editing of clone regions. We report on two experiments and a case study conducted to assess the performance and usefulness of our approach
Accelerated Degradation of Diphenamid in Soils and Means for its Control

Accelerated degradation of the herbicide diphenamid (N,N-dimethyl-α-phenylbenzeneacetamide) was investigated in Israeli soils. Repeated application of this herbicide in the soil in the laboratory enhanced its degradation, which increased with an increasing number of applications. After the fourth application nearly 100% of the herbicide was degraded within 5 days of incubation, whereas only slight degradation was observed during the first 25 days in a previously untreated soil. Accelerated degradation was also observed in a soil collected from a field with previous diphenamid treatments. Fumigation with methyl bromide or treating the soil with the fungicide fentin acetate (triphenyltin acetate) was effective in decreasing the accelerated degradation of diphenamid, whereas the fungicides TMTD (tetramethylthiuram disulfide) and TBZ [2-(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole] were only partially effective in inhibiting accelerated degradation. In the laboratory, fentin acetate prevented the degradation of diphenamid applied to previously untreated soil. Several fungi capable of degrading diphenamid were isolated from soils with or without accelerated degradation.
The roles of identity and emotion in media events’ social integration mechanism: a case study of the 2017 U.S. presidential inauguration

ABSTRACT Using a national sample of the audience of various media during the media event of the 2017 U.S. Presidential Inauguration (N= 420), we conducted a survey to examine the roles of valence and arousal, two dimensions of emotion, and that of national identity in the social integration function of this media genre. The findings of this study showed the mediating effect of valence on the relationship between television viewing and perceived unity, which was moderated by national identity. Emotional arousal was not influenced by television viewing in this case, but there was an interaction effect between national identity and arousal on perceived unity. We demonstrate a clearer picture of media event’s social integration mechanism and argue for the continued theoretical relevance of media events as a broadcast television genre to integrate the society even in the time of social fragmentation.
Ultra-processed food consumption and obesity in adolescents

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the relationship between ultra-processed food consumption and obesity indicators in adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 200 10- to 18-year-old adolescents from Campinas, São Paulo (SP). Usual dietary intake was determined through a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Daily intake of each food was obtained from the intake frequency. Subsequently, foods were classified as raw and minimally processed, cooking ingredients or ultra-processed foods, and their caloric contribution to the total energy value was calculated. Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables were also investigated. Overweight was defined as Z-score>+1 and obesity was defined as Z-score>+2 according to the Body Mass Index per age group. The associations were tested by chi-square test and linear trend. Results The frequency of obesity was 47.0%, and 21.5% presented increased waist circumference. The average energy intake was 4,176kcal/day, of which 50.6% was derived from ultra-processed foods. The categories with the highest caloric contributions among ultra-processed foods were industrial loaves/cakes (16.2%), sweets and candy (6.2%), pastas (6.0%) and sweetened drinks (5.1%). No association was found between ultra-processed food consumption and anthropometric indicators. Conclusion The significant contribution of ultra-processed foods to daily calories is evidence of a poor diet of this population of young people, although this has not been shown as a factor associated with excess weight. Therefore, there is an urgent need for public policies that discourage the consumption of these products and encourage the return to a traditional diet.
Optimal Feature Selection for Pedestrian Detection Based on Logistic Regression Analysis

This paper describes a pedestrian detection method using feature selection based on logistic regression analysis. As the parent features, Haar-like and Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) features are used manually. For the statistical analysis, stepwise forward selection, backward elimination, and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) methods are applied to our Logistic Regression Model for Pedestrian Detection (LRMPD). The experimental results shows that the average of 48.5% of a full model are selected for LRMPD and this classifier shows performance of up to 95% for detection rate with an approximately 10% false positive rate. Processing time for one test image is about 1.22ms.
Technical‐economic assessment of redesigned reinforced concrete pre‐slabs: Incorporating corrugated cardboard

Innovations occur in the design of structural elements in order to incorporate and/or improve technical features. This study begins with a standard design for one‐way reinforced pre‐slabs. Thermal performance is analyzed, along with the possibility of improving it, by means of incorporating corrugated cardboard. Tests were conducted with prototypes to investigate the viability of integrating corrugated cardboard into the production process of reinforced concrete pre‐slabs. The modified production processes (of corrugated cardboard and concrete pre‐slabs) and the improvements in thermal performance were evident in the final design. These improvements as compared to the conventional design are quantified by thermal transmittance, which was between 90.16 and 140.98% when utilizing corrugated cardboard with a thermal conductivity between 0.10 and 0.05 W m−1 K−1 respectively. Adding this new material and modifying the resistance section did entail an increase in cost. However, the joint evaluation of the production and use phases of the structural element designed indicated a positive economic balance. It was found that with the new design, the structural solution's thermal performance improved and compensated for the increase in costs incurred during the production phase.
Should We Rely on Forecasts of Prices or Returns? The Short Term Approach

Summary: Investors make their decisions on the basis of the information coming from the market. The main features of assets are prices and investment risk. The rates of return are calculated based on the prices. For modelling the returns, capital asset pricing models can be applied; for the prices, methods of technical analysis could be taken into account. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate both approaches. First – financial modelling of the assets’ returns, and the second – the analysis of the assets’ prices. In order to verify the effectiveness of the forecasting processes, forecasts and ex-post type forecasting errors were calculated. The empirical analysis is based on the stock prices of ten food companies traded on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The traditional CAPM and the extension of the CAPM by the GARCH(1,1) process are in use. As the technical analysis tool for price modelling, three period moving averages are calculated. The obtained results allow indicating the superiority of modelling the returns, in terms of short-term forecasting. Unfortunately, the hypothesis about the advantage of the application of GARCH for modelling, and then for forecasting, must be rejected.
System Accuracy Analysis of the Multiphase Voltage Regulator Module

The paper analyzes the system accuracy of the multiphase voltage regulator module and identifies the influential factors contributing to load line errors. The load line equations for a three-phase buck converter are derived and applied to the worst-case and root-sum-square analyses of load line accuracy. The calculation results are compared with SPICE Monte Carlo simulation, a more realistic statistical method of system accuracy prediction, and verified by the experimental results of the three-phase synchronous buck converter