Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In-Situ Calibration Method of Online Junction Temperature Estimation in IGBTs for Electric Vehicle Drives

Junction temperature is the most important factor to induce the insulated gate bipolar transistor module failure and conduct operational management. In-situ calibrated method and junction temperature calculation model are proposed to timely indicate the junction temperature for the electric vehicle drive system. It aims to solve that the conventional calibration methods need to be calibrated in the temperature chamber and the model cannot meet variable current conditions, which ignores the effects of the stray parameters of electrode connection on the on-state voltage. A mathematical junction temperature estimation model based on the relationship between saturation voltage drop and different currents is established, whose accuracy depends on the prior narrow range junction temperature calibration. A control strategy for the in-situ calibration is proposed to generate an instantaneous large current by creating a zero-torque condition and using integrated negative temperature coefficient thermistors, current sensor, and on-state voltage measured circuit when the new-energy vehicle is in an idle state. Experimental results prove that the proposed in-situ calibration method can be realized totally inside the electric vehicle, which can serve the full-service lifetime of the electric vehicle with high precision.
Discussion on Uncertainty and Bias in Enterprise Valuation Assessments using DCF Model

This essay aims to discuss the potential problems that may occur when using the Discounted Cash Flow model to value publicly listed firms by discussing the uncertainties and biases embedded in the valuation model. Through analyzing the literature and reviewing a valuation assessment that is done by the author, the article concludes that the appropriateness of discount rate and the accuracy of the free cash flow cannot be computed perfectly and thus the final valuation result should be assessed with caution.
Selective detection of sub-atto-molar streptavidin in 1013 fold impure sample using nanoslot photonic crystal nanolaser

Biosensors which can selectively detect a very small amount of biomarker protein in human blood are desired toward early diagnoses of severe diseases. However, no methods simultaneously satisfy the requirements such as high sensitivity, high selectivity, simple detection, and immediacy. We succeeded in detecting ultra-low-concentration streptavidin (SA) even in a highly impure sample using nanoslot photonic crystal (PC) nanolasers. This nanolaser consists of GaInAsP semiconductor slab with a periodic airhole array. Since the total device area is no larger than 20 × 20 μm2, highthroughput fabrication is possible even using e-beam lithography. Moreover, it is easy to operate by photopumping through free-space optics. Since the evanescent wave of the laser mode penetrates from the PC slab, the laser wavelength changes sensitively to the environmental index. In the sensing experiment, we first functionalized the devices with biotin, and then measured the wavelength in ultrapure water before and after immersing in the solutions with various concentrations of SA. As a result, we evaluated that the detection limit of SA is 16 zM. In another experiment, we put 1 μM BSA into the solution as a contaminant, and repeated the same measurement. We detected 100 zM SA even in the impure solution only when biotin is functionalized in advance, meaning a selectivity ratio (BSA / SA) of 1013. Thus this device achieves unprecedentedly high sensitivity and selectivity in addition to the simple fabrication and fast sensing. It is very promising as a point of care device for medical diagnoses.
Systematic Review with Trial Sequential Analysis of Prophylactic Antibiotics for Acute Pancreatitis

Background/Objectives: Prophylactic antibiotics (PAB) are being still widely used for treatment of acute pancreatitis (AP) despite trials showing no firm evidence of efficacy. We aimed to evaluate effects of PAB for AP in a meta-analysis and the need for further research by trial sequential analysis (TSA). Methods: Medline, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for randomized clinical trials. Primary outcomes were all infections and mortality. Secondary outcomes comprised infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN), specific infections, organ failure, surgical interventions, and length of hospital stay. Results: Twenty-one trials with 1383 pts were included. PAB were received by 703 pts, while 680 were controls. Mortality was similar with RR 0.85 (95% CI 0.66–1.10). Infections were significantly reduced (RR 0.60; 95% CI 0.49–0.74), mainly due to decreased risk of sepsis (RR 0.43; 95% CI 0.25–0.73) and urinary tract infections (RR 0.46; 95% CI 0.25–0.86). No significant reduction for IPN was shown (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.63–1.04). Length of hospital stay was diminished by MD −6.65 (95% CI −8.86 to −4.43) days. TSA for all infections showed that the cumulative Z score crossed both conventional and monitoring boundaries at 526 pts from a heterogeneity-corrected required information size of 1113 pts based on a 40% incidence of infections in the control group, RRR of 30%, alpha 5%, beta 20%, and heterogeneity 56%. Conclusions: PABs decrease the rate of infections in AP, mainly due to RRR of extra-pancreatic infections, requiring no further research. No significant effect is shown on IPN and mortality, although firmer evidence is needed.
Is Active Learning Enough? The Contributions of Misconception-Focused Instruction and Active-Learning Dosage on Student Learning of Evolution

Prior studies of active learning (AL) efficacy have typically lacked dosage designs (e.g., varying intensities rather than simple presence or absence) or specification of whether misconceptions were part of the instructional treatments. In this study, we examine the extent to which different doses of AL (approximately 10%, 15%, 20%, 36% of unit time), doses of misconception-focused instruction (MFI; approximately 0%, 8%, 11%, 13%), and their intersections affect evolution learning. A quantitative, quasiexperimental study (N > 1500 undergraduates) was conducted using a pretest, posttest, delayed posttest design with multiple validated measures of evolution understanding. The student background variables (e.g., binary sex, race or ethnicity), evolution acceptance, and prior coursework were controlled. The results of hierarchical linear and logistic models indicated that higher doses of AL and MFI were associated with significantly larger knowledge and abstract reasoning gains and misconception declines. MFI produced significant learning above and beyond AL. Explicit misconception treatments, coupled with AL, should be explored in more areas of life science education.
Statistical theory of the atom in momentum space

In 1992, Englert [Phys. Rev. A, 45;127--134] found a momentum energy functional for atoms and discussed the relation to the Thomas-Fermi functional (Lenz [Z. Phys., 77;713--721]). We place this model in a mathematical setting. Our results include a proof of existence and uniqueness of a minimizing momentum density for this momentum energy functional. Further, we investigate some properties of this minimizer, among them the connection with Euler's equation. We relate the minimizers of the Thomas-Fermi functional and the momentum energy functional found by Englert by explicit transforms. It turns out that in this way results well-known in the Thomas-Fermi model can be transferred directly to the model under consideration. In fact, we gain equivalence of the two functionals upon minimization. Finally, we consider momentum dependent perturbations. In particular, we show that the atomic momentum density converges to the minimizer of the momentum energy functional as the total nuclear charge becomes large in a certain sense. This thesis is based on joint work with Prof. Dr. Heinz Siedentop and the main contents will also appear in a joint article.
Exploring online lesson study as a vehicle for teacher collaborative professional learning

PurposeThis paper presents emerging findings from an ongoing research project which aimed to explore online lesson study (OLS) as a vehicle for teacher collaborative professional learning.Design/methodology/approachTwo parallel OLS cycles with two OLS teams were facilitated by the author using Zoom and Google Drive as digital collaborative tools. Each OLS team comprised three primary teachers who taught in three different schools, with both teams' research lessons taking cross-curricular science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) focus. In order to explore the influence of OLS on teachers' collaborative professional learning outcomes in STEM, a qualitative case study approach was adopted, with data drawn and thematically analysed from OLS meeting transcripts, semi-structured interviews with teachers and the author's reflective diary. Boundary crossing is used as a theoretical lens to ascertain the potential of OLS as a vehicle for teacher collaborative professional learning.FindingsFindings suggest that OLS facilitated collaborative learning and positively contributed to teacher participants' co-construction of knowledge in relation to STEM teaching approaches.Originality/valueThe study described in this paper represents the first OLS conducted in the Irish context and also represents the first inter-school lesson study (LS) conducted in the Irish primary context.
The Relationship of Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Birth Weight and Parental BMI on Children’ Obesity Status

The aim of the study was to determine the differences in cardiorespiratory fitness, parents’ body mass index, birth weight between a group of children with normal and overweight / obesity and to determine how much the studied variables affect the risk of their biological offspring being overweight. The research was conducted on a sample of 1096 respondents, aged 6 to 10 years, randomly drawn from several primary schools in the Skopje region. The sample is divided into two sub-samples according to gender, 496 male respondents and 600 female respondents. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed with the 20m shuttle run test according to the procedures described in FITNESSGRAM. The children were classified into two groups, based on the percentages of the body mass index, according to the IOTF standard. The birth weight of the children was assessed from the pediatric records of each child at birth. The condition of overweight / obese parents was defined according to the classification of the World Health Organization. Data on the education of parents (especially mothers and fathers) were collected through a questionnaire. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in this study was 22.6% and 14.9%, for the entire sample of respondents without statistically significant gender differences. The results of the research indicate the connection between obesity of parents and their children. Furthermore, the results suggest that low cardiorespiratory fitness and high birth weight are predictors of OV / OB in childhood.
Edaravone Dexborneol Alleviates Cerebral Ischemic Injury via MKP-1-Mediated Inhibition of MAPKs and Activation of Nrf2

The edaravone and dexborneol concentrated solution for injection (edaravone-dexborneol) is a medication used clinically to treat neurological impairment induced by ischemic stroke. This study was aimed at investigating the preventive effects and the underlying mechanisms of edaravone-dexborneol on cerebral ischemic injury. A rat four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) model was established, and the neuronal injury and consequent neurological impairment of rats was investigated. Brain tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined. The levels of proteins in mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways were determined by western immunoblotting. The function of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) was investigated using both western blot and immunofluorescence methods, and the effect of the MKP-1 inhibitor, (2E)-2-benzylidene-3-(cyclohexylamino)-3H-inden-1-one (BCI), was investigated. The results indicated that edaravone-dexborneol alleviated neurological deficiency symptoms and decreased apoptosis and neuron damage in the hippocampal CA1 area of the ischemic rats. Edaravone-dexborneol increased the MKP-1 level; decreased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK); inhibited NF-κB p65 activation; and boosted Nrf2 activation, all of which were partially reversed by the MKP-1 inhibitor, BCI. The above results indicated that the upregulation of MKP-1 contributed to the protective effects of edaravone-dexborneol against ischemic brain injury. Our findings support the hypothesis that edaravone-dexborneol can alleviate cerebral ischemic injury via the upregulation of MKP-1, which inhibits MAPKs and activates Nrf2.
Forest‐permafrost feedbacks and glacial refugia help explain the unequal distribution of larch across continents

The continental‐scale distribution of plant functional types, such as evergreen and summergreen needle‐leaf forest, is assumed to be determined by contemporary climate. However, the distribution of summergreen needle‐leaf forest of larch (Larix Mill.) differs markedly between the continents, despite relatively similar climatic conditions. The reasons for these differences are little understood. Our aim is to identify potential triggers and drivers of the current distribution patterns by comparing species' bioclimatic niches, glacial refugia and postglacial recolonization patterns.
HiddenGazeStereo: Hiding Gaze-Contingent Disparity Remapping for 2D-Compatible Natural 3D Viewing

Stereoscopic 3D displays (S3D), the most popular consumer display devices for 3D presentation, have a few problems that degrade the natural visual experience, such as unnatural relationships between eye vergence and accommodation, and severe image blurring (ghost) for viewers without stereo glasses. To simultaneously solve these problems, we combine gaze-contingent disparity remapping with Hidden Stereo in a manner that mutually compensates for their respective shortcomings. Gaze-contingent disparity remapping can reduce the vergence-accommodation conflict by shifting the disparity distribution around the gaze position to be centered on the display plane. Hidden Stereo can synthesize 2D-compatible 3D stereo images that do not produce any ghosting artifacts when the images for the two eyes are linearly fused. Thus, by using our new gaze-contingent display, while one viewer with glasses enjoys natural 3D content, many other glassless viewers enjoy clear 2D content. To enable real-time synthesis, we accelerate Hidden Stereo conversion by limiting the processing to each horizontal scanline. Through a user study using a variety of 3D scenes, we demonstrate that Hidden Stereo can effectively hide disparity information to glassless viewers despite the dynamic disparity manipulations. Moreover, we show that our method can alleviate the limitation of Hidden Stereo—the narrow reproducible disparity range—by manipulating the disparity so that the depth information around the gaze position is maximally preserved.
Exploring Legitimacy in Entrepreneurship Education: Towards a Theoretical Framework

Adopting Suchman’s (1995) conceptualisation of legitimacy within organisations, this study seeks to understand firstly, how entrepreneurship education itself has been legitimised, secondly, how entrepreneurship educators are legitimised, and lastly, how pedagogical approaches in EE are legitimised. The theoretical framework for the paper distinguishes between institutional legitimacy and strategic legitimacy. We seek to both understand how societal institutions (e.g. policy makers, industry) frame entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education, and how HE institutions in turn respond strategically to this framing. These legitimisation strategies can be framed as being ‘pragmatic’, ‘moral’ and ‘cognitive’ (Suchman, 1995). The study will draw on data drawn from the UK in the first instance.
Overexpression of cholinergic receptor nicotinic gamma subunit inhibits proliferation and differentiation of bovine preadipocytes

Objective Muscle acetylcholine receptors have five alpha subunits (α, β, δ, ɛ, or γ), and cholinergic receptor nicotinic gamma subunit (CHRNG) is the γ subunit. It may also play an essential role in biological processes, including cell differentiation, growth, and survival, while the role of CHRNG has not been studied in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of CHRNG on the proliferation and differentiation of bovine preadipocytes. Methods We constructed a CHRNG overexpression adenovirus vector and successfully overexpressed it on bovine preadipocytes. The effects of CHRNG on bovine preadipocyte proliferation were detected by Edu assay, cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot and other techniques. We also performed oil red O, RT-qPCR, Western blot to explore its effect on the differentiation of preadipocytes. Results The results of Edu proliferation experiments showed that the number of EDU-positive cells in the overexpression group was significantly less. CCK-8 experiments found that the optical density values of the cells in the overexpression group were lower than those of the control group, the mRNA levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin A2 (CCNA2), cyclin B1 (CCNB1), cyclin D2 (CCND2) decreased significantly after CHRNG gene overexpression, the mRNA levels of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) increased significantly, and the protein levels of PCNA, CCNB1, CCND2 decreased significantly. Overexpression of CHRNG inhibited the differentiation of bovine preadipocytes. The results of oil red O and triglyceride determination showed that the size and speed of lipid droplets accumulation in the overexpression group were significantly lower. The mRNA and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPα), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), fatty acid synthase (FASN) decreased significantly. Conclusion Overexpression of CHRNG in bovine preadipocytes inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of bovine preadipocytes.
Low latency search for compact binary coalescences using MBTA

The Multi-Band Template Analysis is a low-latency analysis pipeline for the detection of gravitational waves to triggering electromagnetic follow up observations. Coincident observation of gravitational waves and an electromagnetic counterpart will allow us to develop a complete picture of energetic astronomical events. We give an outline of the MBTA pipeline, as well as the procedure for distributing gravitational wave candidate events to our astronomical partners. We give some details of the recent work that has been done to improve the MBTA pipeline and are now making preparations for the advanced detector era.
Adaptive tracking control for uncertain switched systems under asynchronous switching

This paper addresses the state‐tracking model reference adaptive control problem for a class of switched systems with parametric uncertainties, where switchings between subsystems and designed adaptive controller are asynchronous. First, we establish a stability criterion for a switched reference model and convert the state‐tracking problem into the stability problem of an error switched system. Then, an adaptive law is designed, and the global practical stability of the error switched system is guaranteed under a class of switching signals characterized by a dwell‐time condition. An electrohydraulic system is given as an example to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a Three-Dimensional Optical Verification Technology without Environmental Pollution for Metal Components with Different Surface Properties

Nowadays, the optical measuring approach is widely used in the precision machining industry due to high measurement efficiency. In the industry, measuring devices play a crucial role in the field of quality assurance. In practical engineering, the green measurement approach indeed plays an important role in the industry currently. In this study, a state-of-the-art green technique for three-dimensional (3D) optical measurements without environmental pollution is demonstrated, which is an environmentally friendly optical measurement method. This method can perform precise optical measurement without matte coatings. This work dealt with the possibility of measuring four metal components that were not sprayed with anything. The differences in the optical measurement results between with and without matte coatings were investigated and analyzed. It was found that the research result has practical value in the precision machining industry because average size errors of the four measurement objects with different surface properties can be controlled at about 3 µm, 0.1 µm, 0.5 µm, and 9 µm. A technical database with industrial value was established for optical measurements of metal components with different surface properties without matte coatings, which can serve as an alternative to the conventional 3D optical measurement.
Development of a Kairomone-Based Attractant as a Monitoring Tool for the Cocoa Pod Borer, Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

Simple Summary We have investigated the efficacy of five potential kairomone attractants for the cocoa pod borer (CPB) in Indonesia. Among them, the organic lychee flavor extract in a primitive formulation was the most attractive and was competitive with the commercial pheromone lures. An improved kairomone lure formulation based on specialty membrane and the concentrated extracts captured as many CPB males during a 4-week period and was significantly active for as long as 28 weeks. The long-life pheromone lure may be particularly useful in monitoring large-scale cocoa farms and developing new mitigation technologies that would necessitate high longevity powerful attractants. It should provide a cheaper alternative to the pheromone lures. Abstract The cocoa pod borer (CPB), Conopomorpha cramerella, is a major economic pest of cocoa, Theobroma cacao, in Southeast Asia. CPB monitoring programs currently use a costly synthetic pheromone lure attractive to males. Field trapping experiments demonstrating an effective plant-based alternative are presented in this study. Five lychee-based products were compared for their attractiveness to CPB males. The organic lychee flavor extract (OLFE), the most attractive product, captured significantly more CPB as a 1 mL vial formulation than unbaited traps, while being competitive with the commercial pheromone lures. Additional experiments show that a 20 mL membrane OLFE lure was most effective, attracting significantly more CPB than the pheromone. When the kairomone and pheromone lures were combined, no additive or synergistic effects were observed. Concentrating the OLFE product (OLFEc) using a rotary evaporator increased the lure attractiveness to field longevity for up to 28 weeks; in contrast, pheromone lures were effective for approximately 4 weeks. The 20 mL concentrated OLFE membrane lures should provide a cheaper and more efficient monitoring tool for CPB than the current commercial pheromone lures.