Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current Insights Into Oligodendrocyte Metabolism and Its Power to Sculpt the Myelin Landscape

Once believed to be part of the nervenkitt or “nerve glue” network in the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendroglial cells now have established roles in key neurological functions such as myelination, neuroprotection, and motor learning. More recently, oligodendroglia has become the subject of intense investigations aimed at understanding the contributions of its energetics to CNS physiology and pathology. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of oligodendroglial metabolism in regulating key stages of oligodendroglial development and health, its role in providing energy to neighboring cells such as neurons, as well as how alterations in oligodendroglial bioenergetics contribute to disease states. Importantly, we highlight how certain inputs can regulate oligodendroglial metabolism, including extrinsic and intrinsic mediators of cellular signaling, pharmacological compounds, and even dietary interventions. Lastly, we discuss emerging studies aimed at discovering the therapeutic potential of targeting components within oligodendroglial bioenergetic pathways.
Metformin Alleviates Airway Hyperresponsiveness in a Mouse Model of Diet-Induced Obesity

Obese asthma is a unique phenotype of asthma characterized by non-allergic airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation which responds poorly to standard asthma therapy. Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic drug with insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of the current study was to test the effect of metformin on AHR in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). We fed 12-week-old C57BL/6J DIO mice with a high fat diet for 8 weeks and treated them with either placebo (control, n = 10) or metformin (n = 10) added in drinking water (300 mg/kg/day) during the last 2 weeks of the experiment. We assessed AHR, metabolic profiles, and inflammatory markers after treatments. Metformin did not affect body weight or fasting blood glucose, but significantly reduced serum insulin (p = 0.0117). Metformin reduced AHR at 30 mg/ml of methacholine challenge (p = 0.0052) without affecting baseline airway resistance. Metformin did not affect circulating white blood cell counts or lung cytokine mRNA expression, but modestly decreased circulating platelet count. We conclude that metformin alleviated AHR in DIO mice. This finding suggests metformin has the potential to become an adjuvant pharmacological therapy in obese asthma.
Heterometallic Metal-Organic Framework Based on [Cu4I4] and [Hf6O8] Clusters for Adsorption of Iodine

Heterometallic metal-organic framework (MOF) as a kind of porous material is very important because of its excellent properties in catalysis, magnetic, sensor, and adsorption fields, but the reasonable design and syntheses of these are still challenging. Herein, we prepared one heterometallic MOF with the formula [Hf6(μ 3-OH)8(OH)8][(Cu4I4) (ina)4]2·22DMF (NS-1, ina = isonicotinate). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that NS-1 is a three-dimensional network with flu topology, constructed from 8-connected [Hf6(μ 3-OH)8(OH)8]8+ and 4-connected [Cu4I4] clusters as second building units (SBUs). To our best knowledge, NS-1 is a rare example with two different metal clusters as SBUs in heterometallic Hf-based MOFs. Interestingly, NS-1 exhibits a reversible adsorption performance for iodine in the cyclohexane solution, the adsorption kinetics fits well with the pseudo-second-order equation, and the Freundlich model relating to multilayer adsorption better describes the process of iodine absorption.
An Assessment of Physicians’ Recommendations for Colorectal Cancer Screening and International Guidelines Awareness and Adherence: Results From a Thai National Survey

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening uptake is generally low in the Asia Pacific and physicians’ recommendations affect the screening participation. Objective The study aimed to assess Thai physicians’ recommendations for CRC screening, and the awareness of and adherence to international guidelines. Methods A survey containing questions assessing physicians’ demographic data, screening recommendations, and awareness of the international CRC screening guidelines assessed by clinical vignettes. Independent predictors of physicians’ recommendations for CRC screening were determined by logistic regression analysis. Results Five hundred and eighty-sixth of 1,286 (46%) physicians completed the survey, and 58% of them offered CRC screening. The majority of colorectal surgeons (91%) and gastroenterologists (86%) endorsed screening, whereas 35% of primary care physicians recommended screening. The patient’s age was the only factor influencing the physician’s decision to offer CRC screening (OR, 2.75: 95% CI, 1.61–4.67). Colonoscopy was the most recommended modality among specialists, whereas 60% of primary care physicians offered fecal occult blood tests (FOBTs). The guidelines awareness was noted in 81% of participants, with the highest rates among gastroenterologists and colorectal surgeons. Gastroenterologists were more likely to adhere to the guidelines than surgeons, but both recommended shorter interval surveillance colonoscopy than guidelines recommendations in cases of small hyperplastic rectosigmoid polyps. Conclusions Recommendations for CRC screening and awareness of guidelines vary among different specialties. A low proportion of primary care physicians recommended screening and colorectal surgeons and gastroenterologists recommended shorter intervals for surveillance of small hyperplastic polyp than suggested by guidelines.
Prognostic Relevance of Estrogen Receptor Status in Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Endocrine Therapy

Recently, female breast cancer (BC) has surpassed lung cancer to occupy the first place of the most commonly diagnosed cancer. The unsatisfactory prognosis of endocrine therapy for breast cancer might be attributed to the discordance in estrogen receptor (ER) status between primary tumors and corresponding metastases, as well as temporal and spatial receptor status heterogeneity at point-in-time between biopsy and treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic and predictive value of ER status in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in BC patients. We analyzed ER expression on CTCs isolated using the Pep@MNPs method in 2.0 ml of blood samples from 70 patients with BC and 67 female controls. The predictive and prognostic value of ER expression in CTCs and immunohistochemistry results of biopsies for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients in response to therapies were assessed. The detection rate for CTCs was 95.71% (67/70 patients), with a median of 8 CTCs within 2 ml of peripheral venous blood (PVB). A concordance of 76.56% in ER status between CTCs and corresponding primary tumor and 69.23% between CTCs and corresponding metastases was observed. We also found that patients with ER-positive CTCs (CTC ER+) had longer PFS and OS than those without ER-positive CTCs (CTC ER-). Our findings suggested that ER status in CTCs of BC patients may provide valuable predictive and prognostic insights into endocrine therapies, although further evaluation in larger prospective trials is required.
Regional Neural Activity Abnormalities and Whole-Brain Functional Connectivity Reorganization in Bulimia Nervosa: Evidence From Resting-State fMRI

The management of eating behavior in bulimia nervosa (BN) patients is a complex process, and BN involves activity in multiple brain regions that integrate internal and external functional information. This functional information integration occurs in brain regions involved in reward, cognition, attention, memory, emotion, smell, taste, vision and so on. Although it has been reported that resting-state brain activity in BN patients is different from that of healthy controls, the neural mechanisms remain unclear and need to be further explored. The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) analyses are an important data-driven method that can measure the relative contribution of low-frequency fluctuations within a specific frequency band to the whole detectable frequency range. The fALFF is well suited to reveal the strength of interregional cooperation at the single-voxel level to investigate local neuronal activity power. FC is a brain network analysis method based on the level of correlated dynamics between time series, which establishes the connection between two spatial regions of interest (ROIs) with the assistance of linear temporal correlation. Based on the psychological characteristics of patients with BN and the abnormal brain functional activities revealed by previous neuroimaging studies, in this study, we investigated alterations in regional neural activity by applying fALFF analysis and whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) in patients with BN in the resting state and to explore correlations between brain activities and eating behavior. We found that the left insula and bilateral inferior parietal lobule (IPL), as key nodes in the reorganized resting-state neural network, had altered FC with other brain regions associated with reward, emotion, cognition, memory, smell/taste, and vision-related functional processing, which may have influenced restrained eating behavior. These results could provide a further theoretical basis and potential effective targets for neuropsychological treatment in patients with BN.
The Learning Curve of Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic (UBE) Spinal Surgery by CUSUM Analysis

Objective To assess the learning curve of the unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) technique for the treatment of single-level lumbar disc herniation by cumulative summation (CUSUM) method analysis. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted to assess 97 patients' general condition, operation time, complications, and curative effect of single segmental UBE surgery performed by a spinal surgeon in his early stage of this technique. The learning curve of operation time was studied using a CUSUM method, and the cut-off point of the learning curve was obtained. Results The operation time was 30 – 241(97.9 ± 34.7) min. The visual analog scale score of lower limb pain decreased from 5.75 ± 0.81 before the operation to 0.39 ± 0.28 at the last follow-up (P < 0.05). The Oswestry disability index score decreased from 66.48 ± 4.43 before the operation to 14.57 ± 3.99 at the last follow-up (P < 0.05). The CUSUM assessment of operation time revealed the learning curve was the highest in 24 cases. In the learning stage (1–24 cases), the operation time was 120.3 ± 43.8 min. In the skilled stage (25–97 cases), the operation time was 90.5 ± 27.8 min. Conclusions About 24 cases of single segmental UBE operation are needed to master the UBE technique.
Qinghao-Biejia Herb Pair Alleviates Pristane-Induced Lupus-Like Disease and Associated Renal and Aortic Lesions in ApoE−/− Mice

Backgroud: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease involving multiple systems with a high prevalence of nephritis and atherosclerosis. Jieduquyuziyin prescription is a famous prescription with immune modulating and inflammation controlling effects, which is efficacious in the treatment of SLE. The most critical herbs in this prescription are Qinghao and Biejia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Qinghao-Biejia herb hair (QB) on mice with SLE combined with atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods: The effect of QB (identification using UPLC-TOF-MS) was assessed in female ApoE−/− mice intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 ml of pristane. Serum autoantibodies and lipid metabolic parameters were tested every 4 weeks, and spleen index, serum inflammatory biomarkers, renal injury, and aortic injury were observed after 16 weeks. The expression of signaling pathway in kidney tissues was observed by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results: The mice of QB-treated group exhibited a significant reduced serum autoantibodies level, urine protein, and renal immune complex deposition. QB treatment reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines and improved the renal pathological changes. In addition, there was a reduction in aortic atheromatous plaque and some improvement in dyslipidemia. Moreover, QB suppressed the expression of HMGB1, TLR4, and MyD88 to some extent. Conclusion: The present study implied that QB has clear efficacy for the treatment of SLE combined with atherosclerosis, and that inhibition of the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway may be one of the therapeutic targets of QB for SLE combined with atherosclerosis.
Liquid Biopsy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus and of the Head and Neck

Squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus (ESCC) and of the head and neck (HNSCC) are two neoplasms that share common risk factors and have the same embryological origin, but a very different prognosis, the 5-year survival of HNSCC being almost double (40–50%) compared to the 5-year survival of ESCC (20%). Current guidelines emphasize the importance of screening for ESCC in patients diagnosed with head and neck cancers. A liquid biopsy is a novel tool for diagnosis, prognostic stratification, and personalized therapy. Liquid biopsy biomarkers for these two malignancies could help both their early detection, facilitate residual disease identification, and provide prognosis information. The present systematic review of the literature was aimed at describing the liquid biopsy biomarkers present in these two malignancies, with an emphasis on potential clinical applications.
Severe Disease in Patients With Recent-Onset Psoriatic Arthritis. Prediction Model Based on Machine Learning

Objectives To identify patient- and disease-related characteristics that make it possible to predict higher disease severity in recent-onset PsA. Methods We performed a multicenter observational prospective study (2-year follow-up, regular annual visits). The study population comprised patients aged ≥ 18 years who fulfilled the CASPAR criteria and less than 2 years since the onset of symptoms. Severe disease was defined at each visit as fulfillment of at least 1 of the following criteria: need for systemic treatment, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) > 0.5, polyarthritis. The dataset contained data for the independent variables from the baseline visit and follow-up visit number 1. These were matched with the outcome measures from follow-up visits 1 and 2, respectively. We trained a logistic regression model and random forest–type and XGBoost machine learning algorithms to analyze the association between the outcome measure and the variables selected in the bivariate analysis. Results The sample comprised 158 patients. At the first follow-up visit, 78.2% of the patients who attended the clinic had severe disease. This percentage decreased to 76.4% at the second visit. The variables predicting severe disease were patient global pain, treatment with synthetic DMARDs, clinical form at diagnosis, high CRP, arterial hypertension, and psoriasis affecting the gluteal cleft and/or perianal area. The mean values of the measures of validity of the machine learning algorithms were all ≥ 80%. Conclusion Our prediction model of severe disease advocates rigorous control of pain and inflammation, also addressing cardiometabolic comorbidities, in addition to actively searching for hidden psoriasis.
The Long-Term Outcomes of Ablation With Vein of Marshall Ethanol Infusion vs. Ablation Alone in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta-Analysis

Background The long-term outcomes of ablation with vein of Marshall ethanol infusion (VOM-ABL) compared with ablation alone in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains elusive. We aimed to explore whether VOM-ABL showed better long-term benefits and screen the potential determinants of outcome impact of VOM-ABL procedure. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase were searched up to 1st September 2021. Studies comparing the long-term (one-year or longer) outcomes between VOM-ABL and ablation alone were included. Subgroup analysis identified potential determinants for VOM-ABL procedure. Results Compared with ablation alone, VOM-ABL was associated with a significantly higher rate of long-term freedom from AF/AT (risk ratio [RR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–1.47; p = 0.00) and successful mitral isthmus (MI) block (RR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.16–1.99; p = 0.00), whereas, there was no significant difference in pericardial effusion, stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), and all-cause death. Subgroup analysis identified two significant treatment-covariate interactions: one was ablation strategy subgroup (pulmonary vein isolation plus linear and/or substrate ablation [PVI+]; RR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.27–1.56 vs. PVI; RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.92–1.19, p = 0.00 for interaction) for freedom from AF/AT, while the other was VOM-ABL group sample size subgroup (≥ 100; RR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.24–3.17 vs. <100; RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.10–1.30, p = 0.04 for interaction) for MI block. Conclusions This meta-analysis demonstrates that VOM-ABL has superior efficacy and comparable safety over ablation alone in AF patients with long-term follow-up. Moreover, PVI+ and VOM-ABL group sample size ≥ 100 may be associated with a great impact on freedom from AF/AT and MI block, respectively.
Acute Effects of Milk vs. Carbohydrate on Bone Turnover Biomarkers Following Loading Exercise in Young Adult Females

Dairy products and impact exercise have previously been identified to be independently beneficial for bone mineral properties, however, it is unknown how the combination of these two osteogenic interventions may alter acute bone turnover. Using a randomized crossover design, we compared the acute effects of consuming milk vs. an isoenergetic carbohydrate control beverage on bone biomarkers following loading exercise. Thirteen healthy female participants (Age = 20.3 ± 2.3y; BMI = 21.0 ± 1.1 kg/m2) consumed either 550 mL of 0% skim white milk (MILK) or 52.7 g of maltodextrin in 550 mL of water (CHO), both 5 min and 1 h following completion of a combined plyometric (198 impacts) and resistance exercise (3–4 sets/exercise, 8–12 reps/set, ∼75% 1-RM) bout. Venous blood samples were obtained pre-exercise, and 15 min, 75 min, 24 h and 48 h post-exercise to assess serum concentrations of bone resorption biomarkers, specifically carboxyl-terminal crosslinking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), receptor activator nuclear factor kappa-β ligand (RANKL), and sclerostin (SOST), as well as bone formation biomarkers, specifically osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteocalcin (OC). When absolute biomarker concentrations were examined, there were no interaction or group effects for any biomarker, however, there were main time effects (p < 0.05) for RANKL, SOST, and OC, which were lower, and the OPG: OPG/RANKL ratio, which was higher at 75 min post-exercise compared with baseline in both conditions. In addition to assessing absolute biomarker concentrations at specific timepoints, we also evaluated the relative (% change) cumulative post-exercise response (75 min to 48 h) using an area under the curve (AUC) analysis. This analysis showed that the relative post-exercise CTX response was significantly lower in the MILK compared to the CHO condition (p = 0.03), with no differences observed in the other biomarkers. These results show that while milk does not appear to alter absolute concentrations of bone biomarkers compared to CHO, it may attenuate relative post-exercise bone resorption (i.e., blunt the usual catabolic response to exercise).
Analysis on magnetic field homogeneity of magnetic system based on square Helmholtz coils

The square Helmholtz coil is applied to simulate zero magnetic field or magnetic field in any size and any direction in the measuring range scope,its homogeneity is mainly affected by the coil′s structural dimensions.In order to obtain the relationship between uniform magnetic field area and coil dimension,the mathematical model of 3-D square Helmholtz coils was constructed,the vector formula of magnetic field distribution at any point in its internal was deduced and the corresponding expression between current and magnetic field intensity was obtained.It takes advantage of programming constant-current source and magnetometer to track compensation dynamically and simulate the static magnetic field,and it analyses the uniform magnetic field region,the results show that the theoretical and experimental results are in good agreement.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Personal Protective Equipment and COVID-19 Researches

COVID-19, which occurred at the end of December 2019, has evolved into a global public health threat and affects every aspect of human life. COVID-19's high infectivity and mortality prompted governments and the scientific community to respond quickly to the pandemic outbreak. The application of personal protective equipment (PPE) is of great significance in overcoming the epidemic situation. Since the discovery of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), bibliometric analysis has been widely used in many aspects of the COVID-19 epidemic. Although there are many reported studies about PPE and COVID-19, there is no study on the bibliometric analysis of these studies. The citation can be used as an indicator of the scientific influence of an article in its field. The aim of this study was to track the research trends and latest hotspots of COVID-19 in PPE by means of bibliometrics and visualization maps.
Gender Differences in Insomnia and Role of Work Characteristics and Family Responsibilities Among Healthcare Workers in Taiwanese Tertiary Hospitals

Background Insomnia is common among healthcare workers (HCWs), especially those working in tertiary hospitals. This study aimed to clarify whether gender differences in insomnia could be explained by gender differences in work characteristics and family responsibilities among HCWs in tertiary hospitals in Taiwan. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 22 departments of two tertiary hospitals in Northern Taiwan from December 2018 to March 2019. All data were obtained by a self-administered questionnaire given when participants underwent annual health check-ups. Insomnia was evaluated using the Chinese Athens Insomnia Scale. Work characteristics and family responsibilities were as follows: department, working hours, shift work, visual display terminals used at work, demand-control-support model, burnout level, breadwinner status, living conditions, and caregiver status. Data of 2,811 participants (317 men, 11.3%; 2,494 women, 88.7%) were analyzed (response rate: men, 85%; women, 88%). Logistic regression analysis examined howwork characteristics and family responsibilities explained gender differences in insomnia. Results The prevalence of insomnia in women (61.7%) was significantly higher than that in men (52.7%), and gender differences strengthened after adjusting for work characteristics and family responsibilities [odds ratio: 1.45 (1.11–1.90) and 1.62 (1.18–2.22), p < 0.01]. Stratified analyses revealed that significant gender differences were found among HCWs with comparatively unfavorable work and family conditions. Furthermore, women had a higher association of insomnia owing to these factors. Conclusion These results suggest that gender differences in insomnia among HCWs are mainly explained by gender differences in work characteristics and family responsibilities.