Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Keeping College Options Open: A Field Experiment to Help All High School Seniors Through the College Application Process

Recent research suggests that the college application process itself prevents access. This paper reports results from a large school-based experiment in which application assistance is incorporated into the high school curriculum for all graduating seniors at low-transition schools. Over three workshops, students were guided to pick programs of interest that they were eligible for, apply for real, and complete the financial aid application. The goal was to create a college option for exiting students to make the transition easier and more salient. On average, the program increased application rates from 64 to 78 per cent. College enrolment increased the following school year by 5.2 percentage points with virtually all of this increase in two-year community college programs. The greatest impact was for students who were not taking any university-track courses in high school: the application rate for these students increased by 24 percentage points with a nine per cent increase in two-year college enrolment. A second experiment was conducted two years later to explore several variations of the program. Offering personal assistance without waiving application fees had a negligible or even negative impact on applications and enrollment. Using laptops in homeroom classrooms instead of sending students to computer labs while combining the initial 2 workshops into one full-morning session increased application rates. However, subsequent enrollment effects were negligible. We provide some evidence consistent with the possibility that decreased guidance in choosing eligible programs was responsible for the second-experiment's decline in enrollment impacts.
Successful treatment with 4-drug HAART that includes raltegravir in a treatment-naïve patient with advanced HIV/AIDS: a case report

Raltegravir has recently been FDA-approved for use in treatment-naïve HIV-infected adults. We describe a 41-year-old newlydiagnosed HIV-infected woman who presented to the outpatient HIV clinic with a history of 80-lbs weight loss and diarrhea. Baseline HIV-1 RNA and CD4 cell count were 3,593,000 copies/mL (6.56 log10) and 1 (0.5%) cells/mm , respectively. She was initiated on emtricitabine/tenofovir and lopinavir/ritonavir. On day 1 of HAART, the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with sepsis and pneumonia. Due the patient’s poor prognosis, and extraordinarily high baseline HIV-1 RNA level, her HAART was intensified with raltegravir. After 10 days of HAART (7 days of RAL) the patient’s HIV-1 RNA declined by 4.23 log10 copies/mL, to 213 copies/ml (2.33 log10), and CD4 + cell count increased to 17 (4%) cells/mm. After a long hospitalization that was complicated by disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection, Clostridium difficile colitis, and a CNS lesion, the patient was discharged to home. Upon follow-up in the outpatient clinic, 4 weeks after HAART initiation, patient’s clinical status was stable; HIV-1 RNA declined to < 48 copies/mL and CD4 count was 11 (4%) cells/mm. Initial studies with raltegravir suggest a faster viral decay with this agent compared to other antiretrovirals. Intensification with raltegravir was performed in our case to achieve a faster HIV-1 RNA decline in a patient with AIDS-related complications and a poor prognosis. This approach may be useful in patients with advanced HIV/AIDS disease and high baseline HIV-1 RNA levels, although data from randomized controlled studies are needed.
Preliminary efficacy of an enhanced quitline smoking cessation intervention for cancer patients.

e20671 Background: Cancer patients who smoke risk compromised well-being and poor treatment outcomes. This pilot randomized clinical trial assessed the preliminary efficacy of a combined cessation intervention [brief in-person counseling session, quitline telephone counseling, & 6 weeks of nicotine replacement patches (NRT)] in non-hospitalized cancer patients. Methods: Cancer patients who had smoked within the last 7 days and were planning, receiving, or received surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation treatment within the past 6 months were recruited through the NCI Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP) network and randomized 2:1 to an enhanced quitline-based intervention (n = 98) or usual care (n = 48; educational materials/brief physician advice and could include NRT and/or pharmacotherapy). We assessed self-reported smoking status at 12 and 24 weeks, with urinary cotinine confirmation at 12 & 24 weeks for those not using NRT. Non-completers were considered to be smokers. Participants were asked abou.
College The Undergraduate Experience In America

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Role of ultrasound in assessment of diaphragmatic function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients during weaning from mechanical ventilation

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of ultrasound in the evaluation of movement of the diaphragm and its value in predicting successful extubation in mechanically ventilated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in relation to other weaning parameters. Introduction: Chest ultrasound is a beneficial tool for evaluation of the diaphragm during weaning from mechanical ventilation in COPD patients. Chest ultrasound offers some advantages over fluoroscopy, including the lack of ionizing radiation and the possibility of use at the bedside of the patient, as well as facilitating direct quantification of the movement of the diaphragm. Patients and methods: The present study was conducted on 50 patients in the respiratory ICU and the Chest Department of Ain Shams University Hospitals. Patients were divided into two groups: group A and group B. Group A consisted of 30 mechanically ventilated COPD patients admitted to the respiratory ICU and group B consisted of 20 COPD patients not mechanically ventilated during attendance at the Chest Department. Results: Diaphragmatic movement was assessed in the two groups. The mean value of diaphragmatic displacement was higher in group B. In group A this value was higher among those with successful weaning using a cutoff value of 1.1 cm with sensitivity of 86.4%, specificity of 87.5%, and accuracy of 89.5%. There was a significant correlation between diaphragmatic displacement and other weaning parameters, which was better in the group with successful weaning. Conclusion: Diaphragmatic displacement measured by ultrasound is one of the most sensitive, specific, and accurate parameters for weaning of COPD patients from mechanical ventilation, especially in relationship with other weaning parameters.
Modelling the development of an online learning resource by health care professionals

The aim of this study was to model the process of development for an Online Learning Resource (OLR) by Health Care Professionals (HCPs) to meet lymphoedema-related educational needs, within an asset-based management context. Previous research has shown that HCPs have unmet educational needs in relation to lymphoedema but details on their specific nature or context were lacking. Against this background, the study was conducted in two distinct but complementary phases. In Phase 1, a national survey was conducted of HCPs predominantly in community, oncology and palliative care services, followed by focus group discussions with a sample of respondents. In Phase 2, lymphoedema specialists (LSs) used an action research approach to design and implement an OLR to meet the needs identified in Phase 1. Study findings were analysed using descriptive statistics (Phase 1), and framework, thematic and dialectic analysis to explore their potential to inform future service development and education theory. Unmet educational need was found to be specific to health care setting and professional group. These resulted in HCPs feeling poorly-equipped to diagnose and manage lymphoedema. Of concern, when identified, lymphoedema was sometimes buried for fear of overwhelming stretched services. An OLR was identified as a means of addressing the unmet educational needs. This was successfully developed and implemented with minimal additional resources. The process model created has the potential to inform contemporary leadership theory in asset-based management contexts. This doctoral research makes a timely contribution to leadership theory since the resource constraints underpinning much of the contribution has salience to current public services. The process model created has the potential to inform contemporary leadership theory in asset-based management contexts. Further study of a leadership style which incorporates cognisance of Cognitive Load Theory and Self-Determination Theory is suggested. In addition, the detailed reporting of process and how this facilitated learning for participants contributes to workplace education theory
Effects of initiating chronic renal replacement therapy in children, now and later in life: Data from the LERIC cohort and ERA-EDTA Registry

This thesis describes the most important results of LERIC (Late Effects of Renal Insufficiency in Children), a very a long-term follow-up study to the late somatic and psychosocial consequences of renal insufficiency in children. LERIC is a comprehensive study to evaluate the late effects of renal insufficiency in all Dutch children who had started chronic renal replacement therapy (RRT) between 1972 and 1992 at an age less than 15 years and who were born before 1979. We established the actual health status of patients, especially focusing on cardiovascular abnormalities, infections, malignancies and quality of life. Since the literature over the last decades has indicated that infections and malignancies form potentially lethal comorbidity in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), we broadened our study by using data from the European Renal Association - European Dialysis and Transplantation Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry
Efficacy of Muscle Energy Technique as Compared to Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique in Chronic Mechanical Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. -

Background and purpose: Mechanical neck pain provoked by sustained neck posture, neck movement, pain on palpation of cervical musculature without pathologies. Previous study reported that muscle energy technique for upper trapezius and levator scapulae are effective treatment for mechanical neck pain. This study was designed to evaluate the two manual technique i.e. Muscle energy technique (MET) and Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) technique in subjects with chronic mechanical neck pain. Methods: 45 subjects of chronic mechanical neck pain were included and randomly allocated in three treatment groups. Group- A received 12 sessions of MET, Group- B received 12 sessions of PNF technique and Group- C received 12 sessions of isometric and self-stretching exercise for four weeks. Outcome measures: Pain intensity was measured by VAS, ROM was measured by universal goniometer for lateral flexion and rotation of cervical spine and function was evaluated by NDI scale. These parameters were recorded at baseline and at the end of 4 weeks. Results: There was statistically significant improvement (p
The investigation of internal ribosome entry in the c-myc and c-myb genes

i Acknowledgements. ii Table of contents. iii Table of Figures. viii Abbreviations.xi C hap ter 1: In tro d u c tio n . 1 1.1 Eukaryotic protein synthesis. 1 1.2 Cap-dependent initiation. 1 1.2.
Childbirth in South Sudan: Preferences, practice and perceptions in the Kapoetas

Background: Focus group discussions (FGDs) were designed to better understand the community’s views and preferences around maternity care to design a communications campaign to increase facility deliveries and skilled attendance at birth in the three county catchment areas of Kapoeta Civil Hospital. Methods: Twelve FGDs were conducted in Kapoeta South, Kapoeta East, and Kapoeta North counties. Four South Sudanese facilitators (two women, two men) were hired and trained to conduct sex-segregated FGDs. Each had 8-10 participants. Participants were adult women of reproductive age (18-49 years) and adult men (18+ years) married to women of reproductive age. Results: The majority of participants’ most recent births took place at home, though most reportedly intended to give birth in a health facility and overwhelmingly desire a facility birth next time. Husbands and the couple’s mothers are the primary decision-makers about where a woman delivers. More men than women preferred home births, and they tend to have more negative opinions than women about health facility deliveries. Though participants acknowledge that health facilities can theoretically provide better care than home births, fear of surgical interventions, lack of privacy, and perceived poor quality of care remain barriers to facility deliveries. Recommendations: Interventions encouraging facility births should target the decision-makers—husbands and a couple’s mothers. Improvements in quality of care are needed in health facilities. Developing social network interventions that circulate positive experiences about delivering in health facilities may be effective in changing public perception and decision-making about facility deliveries. Additional research and pilot testing is needed to more fully inform effective social and behavioural change strategies around maternal health in the Kapoetas in South Sudan. Keywords: Maternal health, childbirth, facility deliveries, behaviour change, qualitative
The role of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 in the pathogenesis of toxic shock syndrome

Toxic shock syndrome toxLn-1 (TSST-1), an exoprotein produced by some strains of Staphylococcus aureus, is implicated in the pathogenesis cf menstrual TSS. However, its role in nonmenstrual TSS is less certain. In order to study the pathogenetic role of TSST-1 in TSS, three approaches were taken: a) to develop an ELISA for detection of TSST-1 in biologic fluids in order to verify TSST-1 production in vivo in TSS patients, b) to quantitate TSST-1 specific antibodies in the serum of TSS patients and controls to detennine whether such antibodies are protective, and c) to attempt to identify other staphylococcal products which may be implicated in some forms of TSS. A sensitive and specific noncompetitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) capable of detecting TSST-1 at concentrations from 0.5 to 16 ng/ml was developed. This assay did not detect other staphylococcal enterotoxLns including A, B, C^, 0. ^ C3/ D and E. Possible interference by protein A was readily eUniinated by pretreatment of test samples with 10% nonimmune rabbit serum. The assay was adapted for rapid screening of TSST-1 production by S. aureus isolates in culture supernatants in vitro, and for the detection of TSST-1 in vaginal washings and urine of TSS patients and healthy controls in vivo. All 35 S. aureus isolates confirmed to be TSST-1 positive by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion, and 59 of 60 isolates confirmed to be TSST-1 negative, gave concordant results by ELISA. Interestingly, toxigenic S. aureus strains isolated from TSS patients quantitatively produced significantly more toxin in vitro compared to toxigenic control strains (p<0.05, Mann-Whitney rank sum test). TSST-1 could be detected by ELISA in 3 of 4 vaginal washings collected within 3 days of lx»spita]ization from 3 women with acute menstrual TSS, compared to 0 of 17 washings from 9 TSS women collected greater than 3
Medications adherence level and its associated factors among hypertensive patients at a major referral hospital, in Riyadh, KSA

Aims and Objectives: To quantify the level of medications adherence among hypertensive patients and to identify factors of poor adherence. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted during October 2013 to March 2014 in King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, KSA. Self-administrative questionnaires were used among 310 randomly selected hypertensive patients. Morisky adherence questionnaire was used to quantify adherence level of medications. Adherence scores were categorized as poor and high adherence. Bi-variate and multivariate analysis were used to identity factors associated with poor adherence. Results: Out of 287 patients who had responded, 124(44%) were of less than 50 years of age. Prevalence of poor adherence to medications was 55%. Age, educational status, monthly income, time of diagnosis, self-perception of health status, regular checkup at clinics, & regular blood pressure checkup were significantly associated with ‘level of adherence (poor and high) to medications. The independent associated factors of poor adherence were: age (<50 years): 2.30 (95% confidence interval(CI): 1.29,4.10), monthly income (<5000 Saudi Riyals): 6.58(1.67,25.97), self-perception of health status (uncontrolled): 2.66 (1.20,5.90), and regular checkup at clinics (No): 5.57(2.83,10.97). Conclusion: Level of adherence was low among hypertensive patients. Associated factors of poor adherence could be used to identity patients for counselling in improving level of adherence to medications. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(4) 2016 24-30
Platelet-endothelial cell interactions.

We are in an era in which there has been a rapid accumulation of new information about the endothelium and the interactions of platelets with the vessel wall. The decade of the 70s could aptly be designated as the "prostaglandin and endothelium period. " One can only speculate that the future will be equally interesting and challenging. It is quite possible that discoveries of congenital and acquired defects of the endothelium will parallel those already described for the platelet and coagulation factors. What is currently looked upon today as a baffling and frustrating case of resistant thrombosis by the clinician may be unraveled tomorrow by the talented and creative investigator who can develop better approaches to the study of the endothelium and platelet interactions with the vessel wall.
Third-location decompression for Canadian soldiers ending a tour of duty : a focus group

This study investigated the Canadian Third-Location Decompression (TLD) Program, a program in which soldiers participate immediately after their Tours of Duty in operational deployments prior to their transition home to Canada. To investigate this matter, a research focus group was run for three hours, and thematic analysis of the data gathered was completed. The orientation questions for the focus group were: “What is the experience of third-location decompression? ” and “What factors in TLD would have aided in a more successful re-entry experience back home to Canada? ” Two primary themes were supported by a number of subthemes which indicated 1) The apparent value of TLD is questioned upon arrival, but changes over time with enhancement of personal awareness and TLD being perceived as a buffer, and 2) Reservists perceive a disparity between their members and Regular Force counterparts which threatens their personal identity and leads to a perception of abandonment. Contributing to this, Reservists also perceive a greater challenge to re-entry and reintegration with civilian lifestyle after TLD compared to Regular Force members. These themes are discussed in relation to the current literature, and suggestions for further investigation are made as well.
Family Food Choices Relate to Nutritional Behavior in Adult Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: Possible Implications on Metabolic Control.

This study compared the levels of calories and macronutrients ingested by patients with type 1 diabetes and their relatives. This is a cross-sectional study that evaluated dietary intake (24-hour Food Record), nutritional status (Body Mass Index), as well as socioeconomic status of patients and their families. Glycemic control was assessed by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). There were positive correlations between dietary intake of patients and family members/accompanying persons regarding carbohydrates, proteins and lipids consumption. Dietary intake of patients and their family members was similar, but inadequate and discordant in relation to current recommendations. Longer time since diagnosis and in service as well as higher number of capillary blood tests was related to better HbA1c levels. Kinship relationship to HbA1c requires further study focusing on parental influence on the treatment of adult patients with type 1 diabetes.
Identification and Characterization of novel long non-coding RNAs in vascular smooth cells

A significant portion of the RNA produced from the human genome consists of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). These molecules tend to have lower levels of expression, are more specific to certain tissues, and show greater variation in expression between individuals compared to protein-coding messenger RNAs (mRNAs). LncRNAs have been linked with regulatory roles in gene expression and genome architecture. There is growing evidence that lncRNAs play important roles in many biological processes and diseases, and a number of lncRNAs have been identified as potential therapeutic targets. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the lncRNA landscape of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). We used an ensemble of bioinformatics tools to identify 329 novel lncRNAs from a large VSMC RNA-Seq dataset. We found that majority of the novel lncRNAs are natural antisense transcripts of protein-coding genes. In addition, we predicted cellular localization and potential miRNAs that targets the novel lncRNAs and found that most localize in the cytoplasm and that miRNA target site ranged from 2-889 sites on each novel lncRNA. Furthermore, we identified co-expressed lncRNAs that correlate with the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. These results suggest that we have identified a diverse set of previously unknown lncRNAs that may be involved in important regulatory pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Willie Sutton and the Future of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Research

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