Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A review of the certainty effect and influence of information processing

This review considers two explanations for behavioral decision-making in reference to the certainty and framing effects. The findings from various paradigms such as a single questionnaire, gambles with repetition, and gambles guided by feedback are explained either by prospect theory or by expected utility theory. Finally this review attempts to account for the different findings and offers a possible explanation for the conflicting results by considering the role of experience which in turn can alter how information in processed as described by fuzzy trace theory which is a dual process theory of reasoning.
Imprinting Pattern of Type I Mads-box Transcription-Factor Genes in Arabidopsis Endosperm

Observations from previous experiments indicate that the Type I MADS-box genes play a role in endosperm development, and previous real-time RTPCR analysis identified 16 of these genes that are under the control of the Polycomb-group complex after fertilization. In addition, some Type I MADS-box genes are known to be imprinted during early endosperm development. This paper presents experiments using a variation of the Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences (CAPS) method to determine the imprinting nature of these 16 genes. Results indicate that AGL28, AGL36, AGL90, and AGL96 are maternally expressed and paternally imprinted. AGL23 and AGL37 (PHEI) are paternally expressed and maternally imprinted and AGL59 is biallelically expressed.
Health conditions associated with metabolic syndrome after cancer at a young age: A nationwide register-based study

Purpose: Childhood cancer survivors are at risk for developing metabolic syndrome (MetS), which subsequently leads to cardiovascular morbidity and excess mortality. Our aim was to investigate the purchases of medications associated with MetS among 7551 early onset cancer patients compared to siblings. Methods: Our nationwide Finnish population-based registry study analyzed the drug purchase of medication among early onset cancer patients diagnosed with cancer below the age of 35 years between 1994 and 2004 compared to siblings by linkage to the drug purchase registry, allowing for a maximal follow-up of 18 years. Results: The hazard ratios (HRs) for purchasing antihypertensives and diabetes drugs were higher after both childhood (HR 4.6, 95%CI 3.1–7.0; HR 3.0, 95%1.5–6.1) and young adulthood (YA) cancer (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3–1.8; HR 1.6, 95%CI 1.1–2.2) compared to siblings. The HRs for purchasing lipid-lowering drugs were elevated both after childhood (HR 4.3,95%CI 0.9–19.5) and YA cancer (HR 1.6, 95%CI 1.04–2.5), but only reached significance in YA cancer patients. Among specific cancer diagnosis groups, highest HR values for antihypertensives were found in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (HR 6.1, 95%CI 3.7–10.3) and bone tumor (HR 4.3, 95%CI 1.9–9.4), and YA ALL (HR 4.8, 95%CI 3.1–7.0) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (HR 3.4, 95%CI 2.5–5.1) patients. Moreover, childhood ALL (HR 6.3, 95%CI 2.7–14.8), AML (HR 7.6, 95%CI 1.9–24.5) and central nervous system (CNS)-tumor (HR 3.5, 95%CI 1.3–9.2) and YA ALL (HR 3.7, 95% CI 1.2–9.5) patients showed the strongest likelihood of purchasing diabetes drugs compared to siblings. Conclusion: The purchase of medications associated with MetS was increased after early onset cancer and highly dependent on the age at cancer diagnosis and the cancer diagnosis. Prevention strategies are imperative for reducing potentially life-threatening cardiovascular complications after early onset cancer. ã 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The effect on learners' strategies of varying computer-based representations : evidence from gazes, actions, utterances and sketches

Computer-based Multiple External Representations (MERs) have been found in some cases to help and in others to hinder the learning process. This thesis examines how varying the external representations that are presented in a computer environment influences the strategies that learners choose when tackling mathematics tasks. It has been noted (Ainsworth, 2006) that learners fail to transfer insights from one representation to another. Previous work analysing video data of learners' problem-solving with computer-based MERs emphasises the need to identify which representation is being considered by a learner as utterances are made, and to examine more closely learners' movement between representations. This research focuses on the relationship between strategy and representation during learners' problem solving. A set of analytical techniques was developed to characterise learner strategies, to identify how different computer-based MERs influence strategy choices, and to explore how these choices change over the course of task completion. Rich data were collected using a variety of technologies: learners' shifts in attention were recorded using an unobtrusive eye-tracking device and screen capture software; keyboard and mouse actions were logged automatically; utterances and gestures were video recorded; notes and sketches were recorded in real-time using a Tablet PC. This research suggests how integrated analysis of learners' gazes, actions, writing, sketches and utterances can better illuminate subtle cognitive strategies. The study involved completion of three tasks by eighteen participants using multiple mathematical representations (numbers, graphs and algebra) presented in different computer-based 'instantiations': Static (non-moving, non-changing, non-Interactive); Dynamic (capable of animation following keyboard inputs); Interactive (directly manipulable using a mouse). Having computer-based MERs available to learners provides an opportunity to use representations with which they are comfortable. A detailed analysis showed that both representation and instantiation have an impact on strategy choice. It identified differences in expression of inferences, construction of visual images, and attention to representations between different types of instantiation. One of the important findings of the research is that learners are less likely to use imagining strategies when representational instantiation is Interactive. These results may provide some explanation of how interactivity helps or hinders learners' understanding of multiple representations.
Title Exploiting The Capture Effect Opportunistically in MANETs Permalink

Channel fading has been regarded as a negative factor for successful packet transmission. However, with deep fading, although collisions for a given transmission may exist, the capture effect can allow the transmission to succeed as long as the channel for the transmitted signal is strong enough and is weak enough for the interference signals. Accordingly, we propose an asynchronous medium access control (MAC) scheme that selects a packet with the highest success probability to be transmitted. We call this approach opportunistic interference management (OIM). The basic mechanism in OIM consists of probing the channel conditions for multiple neighbors concurrently, and then selecting to transmit those packets corresponding to the winners of the probing phase. OIM improves the probability of successful transmission and increases network throughput without adding extra delays for inter-nodal handshakes. Mathematical analysis and simulations are used to validate the advantages of OIM over the traditional packet-transmission scheme used in MAC protocols today.
Weighted-Gradient Features for Handwritten Line Segmentation

Text line segmentation from handwritten documents is challenging when a document image contains severe touching. In this paper, we propose a new idea based on Weighted-Gradient Features (WGF) for segmenting text lines. The proposed method finds the number of zero crossing points for every row of Canny edge image of the input one, which is considered as the weights of respective rows. The weights are then multiplied with gradient values of respective rows of the image to widen the gap between pixels in the middle portion of text and the other portions. Next, k-means clustering is performed on WGF to classify middle and other pixels of text. The method performs morphological operation to obtain word components as patches for the result of clustering. The patches in both the clusters are matched to find common patch areas, which helps in reducing touching effect. Then the proposed method checks linearity and non-linearity iteratively based on patch direction to segment text lines. The method is tested on our own and standard datasets, namely, Alaei, ICDAR 2013 robust competition on handwriting context and ICDAR 2015-HTR, to evaluate the performance. Further, the method is compared with the state of art methods to show its effectiveness and usefulness.
Spatial Prediction Models for Real Estate Market Analysis

The econometric modeling of real estate prices is an important step in their valuation. As shown in the theory and practice of valuation, the most important determinant of these prices is location. Therefore, models comprising the spatial components give better estimates than a-spatial models. The purpose of this paper is to compare the quality of prediction for several models: a classical linear model estimated with OLS, linear OLS model including geographical coordinates, Spatial Expansion model, spatial lag and spatial error models, and geographically weighted regression. The evaluation will be based on the calibrated models for the real estate market data in Wroclaw in 2011. The study confirms that the inclusion of the spatial aspect of the analysis may result in improvement in the quality of models. Best fit to the data among the presented methods has proved a geographically weighted regression.
Significance thresholds and genomic control for a GWAS using SNP panel or imputed whole genome sequence data of a pig population

Determining the appropriate significance threshold for a genome wide association study, usually based on the –log10(p-value), is important to minimize the chance of finding false positive associated SNP. So far, there is little consensus in the field of pig breeding on the appropriate threshold and the best approach to correct for false positives when using sequence information. Therefore this study aimed to compare different adjustments of significance thresholds and genomic control in order to minimize the occurrence of false positives for QTL detection in a pig breeding population using medium and high density SNP panels or imputed whole genome sequence data. From our results, we recommend to perform genomic control of each chromosome independently and to use a significance threshold based on the Bonferroni correction with the total number of SNPs since it takes into account the increase in number of SNP better than accounting for independent chromosomal segments, even though the underlying assumption seems to be too conservative.
A LOW COST RF OSCILLATOR INCORPORATING A FOLDED PARALLEL COUPLED RESONATOR

In this paper, we present a low cost RF oscillator design incorporating a folded parallel coupled resonator. The oscillator is designed on FR4 substrate to achieve low cost. FR4 is a low cost substrate but has a poorly controlled dielectric constant and high loss tangent thereby challenging the design of higher performance circuits. This oscillator operates in 900MHz band, delivers an output of i3.13dBm and has phase noise 101.8dBc/Hz at 10kHz ofiset. The size of the folded parallel coupled resonator is 16% smaller than the conventional parallel coupled resonator, thereby making the overall circuit more compact. The power output and phase noise results are better than the oscillator designed with conventional resonator. Open loop analysis method has been adopted for the oscillator design and analysis. The measured data shows good agreement with the simulated results. The performance parameters of this oscillator make it suitable for use in low cost wireless communication solutions in 900MHz band.
English Language Teachers’ Perceptions of Using ICT in Teaching in Cycle Three in the United Arab Emirates

This study examined “Cycle Three” English language teachers’ (ELTs) perceptions of their Information and Communicative Technology (ICT) competencies and use of technology in Abu Dhabi Education Council (ADEC) schools in the UAE (United Arab Emirates). The study was conducted on 73 randomly selected male and female Cycle Three English language teachers. Participants were native and non-native of different years of experience in teaching English language. A questionnaire and observations were adapted from the National Educational Technology Standards (NETS) for Teachers and Performance Indicators. Results were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the constant comparative method of data analysis. Study findings suggested that English language teachers in Cycle Three had low perceptions of their ICT competencies. Recommendations are discussed.
Zur Diskussion – For Discussion Agricultural Conservation Measures – Suggestions for their Improvement

Academic scrutiny has recently turned on payments for environmental services (PES). In the European Union (EU), they are embedded in agri-environmental programmes, which have been an important component of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) ever since its fundamental reform of 1992. Although agri-environmental programmes amount to just about one-tenth of the EU’s main agricultural expenditures (the ‘first pillar’ of the CAP), they do exert substantial influence. For instance, during recent years they included some 25% of Germany’s agricultural acreage. The present contribution to the debate on PES focuses on a subset of EU agri-environmental programmes which I call agricultural conservation measures (ACMs). They aim explicitly at supporting nature conservation through the continuation or resumption of traditional land-use practices, such as haymaking, low-input pasturage, or low-input cropping along field borders that leaves room for rare weeds. Such measures are vital because the outstanding species richness of Europe’s countryside depends on traditional land-use methods (HAMPICKE, 2006, 2013). Other programmes dedicated to issues such as erosion or groundwater control will be remarked on in passing. Section 2 gives a brief overview of the academic literature on PES. In sections 3 to 6, I describe the current situation with regard to ACMs in the EU, discussing types of ACMs, the related property-rights regimes, and questions of incentives and efficiency. In section 7, I criticize the design of ACMs from a welfare-economic point of view and discuss to what extent the ensuing recommendations can be translated into real policies. Section 8 offers conclusions and economic suggestions for further development, which are supplemented by ethical considerations in section 9. 2 Academic Literature on Payments for Environmental Services
Effect of Nitrogen Source and Inorganic Phosphate Concentration on Methanol Utilization and PEX Genes Expression in Pichia pastoris

Methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris has proved to be especially useful for production of various heterologous proteins. In biotechnology it is very important to maintain the balance between high levels of heterologous gene expression and cell viability. Decisive understanding of gene regulation mechanisms is essential for reaching this goal. In this study, we investigated the effect of different nitrogen sources and phosphate concentration in media on methanol utilization. It was shown that expression levels of main genes, which are involved in methanol utilization (MUT genes) and in functioning of peroxisomes (PEX genes), are maximal when ammonium sulphate is used as a nitrogen source. Expression of these genes is decreased inmedia with poor nitrogen sources, such as proline. Addition of rapamycin to themedia completely removed repression ofAOX1 promoter inmedia with proline, which allows proposing that Tor-kinase is involved in establishing of nitrogen regulation of this gene. It was also shown thatMUT genes expression levels get higher, when the phosphate concentration in media is increased.
Improvement for Amelioration Inventory Model with Weibull Distribution

Most inventory models dealt with deteriorated items. On the contrary, just a few papers considered inventory systems under amelioration environment. We study an amelioration inventory model with Weibull distribution. However, there are some questionable results in the amelioration paper. We will first point out those questionable results in the previous paper that did not derive the optimal solution and then provide some improvements. We will provide a rigorous analytical work for different cases dependent on the size of the shape parameter. We present a detailed numerical example for different ranges of the sharp parameter to illustrate that our solution method attains the optimal solution. We developed a new amelioration model and then provided a detailed analyzed procedure to find the optimal solution. Our findings will help researchers develop their new inventory models.
The Division of HRM Practices between Self-Managing Teams and External Leaders: Results of the Qualitative Study in the Healthcare Organization

As a response to the dynamic healthcare environment, organizations in the healthcare sector have introduced self-managing teams. However the largest and most profound implication of this introduction seems to be related to the general role of HRM. Moving from a centralized functional, structure to a more decentralized organic structure requires a change in the Human Resource Management department role. This change raised unclarities about the division of HRM practise responsibilities between the HRM department and SMT(s). Therefore, this case study, consisting of 13 semi-structured interviews and 4 transcripts of records with (mostly) SMT members, provides a detailed overview of those divisions of responsibilities for HRM planning, Recruitment & Selection, Training & Development, Performance Appraisal and Job design. Based on the literature review it is found that no complete HRM practice responsibility could be appointed to the Coach Manager or HR department, and a table is created in which each HRM practice is reviewed on seven different activities. In this research, those via the table, identified but forgotten responsibilities were performance appraisals and proper developed training programs. Combining the claimed SMTs need for these practices, with the current organizational wide formation shortage, this forms a threat. To deal with this threat a 360 degree feedback system and strategical linked training program is recommended. The results and theoretical framework are presented such that they can be used as an aid to clarify the division responsibilities of HRM practices within different organizations.
Theoretical models of participation in adult education

The European Union has set a goal that by 2010, 12.5% of the working age population should be taking part in lifelong learning. This participation rate has not yet been achieved in many countries. A partial explanation is the fact that the decision to participate depends on a variety of factors at three levels: the individual, the educational provisions, and the socio-economic context, including the regulating authorities. The authors of this article provide insights into the matching process in the educational market, discussing the relevant literature on this issue, including the modelling used in the research literature. In the final section of the article, the authors present an outline of an integrated model of participation in adult education, aimed at creating a better understanding of the complexity of participation and the factors that affect the three levels of the educational market. Ellen Boeren Parkstraat 47 bus 5300 B-3000 Leuven, Belgium Ellen.Boeren@hiva.kuleuven. be Telephone : +32 (0)16 32 43 55 Fax : +32 0(16) 32 33 33
Using Metamaterial Complementary Split-Ring Resonators for Measuring Dielectric Constants and Loss Tangents at 22 GHz

This paper presents a method using a metamaterial complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) to measure the dielectric constant (Dk) and loss tangent (Df) of materials at a frequency of 22 GHz. The method involves calculating the permittivity of an unknown material based on the oscillation frequency changes of a CSRR, which is caused by the material under test. This method with a CSSR sensor uses only the resonance frequency and the $S_{{21}}$ magnitude response at the resonance frequency to calculate Dk and Df. The measurement accuracy was assessed by comparing the results with the declared values specified in the datasheets of material manufacturers. The results show good agreement with the declared values in the datasheets. Thus, with this method, the dielectric properties of materials at high frequencies of millimeter waves (mm-waves) can be characterized and a non-destructive sensor can be built.
Strategic Determinants of Organizational Performance of Small Business – a Preliminary Study Outcomes and Research Perspectives on the Sample on Brazil and Poland

Contemporary enterprises are forced to act in a dynamic and competitive local and global market. Particularly for small business, this great challenge becomes a barrier for organizational development and results rather in a survival strategy with low organizational performance. In the same time it is essential to create friendly conditions for small business development and small business growth because these kinds of companies are the employers for local communities and hence they contribute to a reduction of the national unemployment rate for global economy. However these conditions are possible to shape when knowing the determinants of organizational performance. Taking this into account, the aim of the article is to describe the preliminary study on defining organizational management patterns of small business in Brazil and Poland that are starting point to learn a typology of strategies and asses the strategies under such criteria as ability to prevent market risks and stabilization of competitive positions. The method used in the study was a survey based on multi-item scale for strategic types containing 11 adaptive cycle dimensions in the Miles and Snow typology. These dimensions will be linked to data on management particularities, work organization and performance in small business.
ANALYSIS OF THE ALGORITHM FOR EVALUATING THE QUALITY PARAMETERS OF MOBILE DATA TRANSMISSION Dmitrijus Balčiūnas

The purpose of this paper is to present a wider evaluation of the first version of the algorithm created for collecting parameters of the active mobile network at the end user premises. The article describes algorithms for software functioning and suggests possible ways of collecting data. The most important parameters of mobile data services include the speed of transferring data, delays and drop rate under different conditions and are measured conducting field tests. The paper also displays the results of the most interesting measurements and their interpretation as well as analyzes differences and advantages of the tool created from the available tools.
The Determinants of Funding to Ugandan Nongovernmental Organizations

Original Ugandan data collected by the authors are used to examine the determinants of funding to local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Success in attracting grants from international donors depends mostly on network effects. NGOs that raise in-kind resources locally tend to be young and managed by someone who is simultaneously employed elsewhere. There is some evidence of crowding out: NGOs that receive grant funding are less likely to obtain resources locally, whether in cash or in kind. But this seems to be primarily the result of selection. Once NGO-fixed effects are controlled for, there is no evidence that NGOs receive less revenue from fees and donation after obtaining a grant. These results suggest that donors regard Ugandan NGOs as subcontractors of their development efforts, not as charitable organizations in their own right.