Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Breaking the communication barrier: guidelines to aid communication within pair programming

Pair programming is a software development technique with many cited benefits in learning and teaching. However, it is reported that novice programmers find several barriers to pairing up, typically due to the added communication that is required of this approach. This paper will present a literature review discussing the issue of communication, and through a series of observations with industry-based pairs, will derive a set of guidelines which aim to help novice pairs experience better communication within their pairs. An evaluation of the guidelines with undergraduate students is then reported, showing that exposure to these guidelines improved the self-perceived communication experience of novice pairs.
An ERP study of coreference in Spanish: semantic and grammatical gender cues.

We report two event-related potentials (ERPs) experiments aimed to investigate the roles played by semantic and syntactic information during pronoun resolution. The first experiment was designed to show that ambiguity of the pronoun (e.g., word class ambiguity) makes an important contribution to the pattern observed in previous ERP studies. As expected, the results showed a different ERP pattern for ambiguous and nonambiguous pronouns. The second experiment analyzed pronoun resolution when gender agreement and animacy were manipulated, using only unambiguous pronouns. Results showed P600 effects at 500 to 700 ms and at 700 to 900 ms. Amplitude of the second window was significantly greater for animate than for inanimate antecedents. The modulation of the agreement effect by animacy suggests that repair processes after grammatical disagreement detection are influenced by semantics.
Symptomatology and Medication Monitoring for Public Mental Health Consumers: A Cultural Perspective

BACKGROUND: With the increased focus and impetus on pharmacological interventions, psychiatric mental health nurses have become concerned about consumers’ ability to understand and monitor their symptoms and medications. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among cultural factors, stressors, moderators, medication monitoring, and psychiatric symptoms in consumers with severe mental disorders. STUDY DESIGN: This study is a cross-sectional analysis of data from a longitudinal research project conducted in Ohio. The sample was comprised of 199 consumers receiving community-based services within the public mental health system. RESULTS: Age, gender, and race were associated with indicators of medication monitoring. The model explained 51% of the variance in depression, 35% in anxiety, and 43% in psychoticism. CONCLUSION: Consumers’ culture is an important facet in the manifestation of psychiatric symptoms and the ability to monitor medications.
Utilizing Virtual Reality to Improve the Ecological Validity of Clinical Neuropsychology: An fMRI Case Study Elucidating the Neural Basis of Planning by Comparing the Tower of London with a Three-Dimensional Navigation Task

Virtual reality (VR) was used to create an ecologically valid spatial-navigation task in hand with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to articulate the neural basis of planning behavior. A virtual version of a traditional planning measure, the Tower of London, was also developed to ascertain convergent and divergent validity in terms of planning behavior and functional neuroanatomy. This VR-fMRI case study experiment was performed at 3.0 Tesla on a young healthy male subject. The obtained image data suggest both convergent and divergent specificity between the two conditions in terms of location and overall intensity of activation. Overall, the present case study provides supportive evidence that the activity of various brain regions associated with planning tasks is largely modulated by the ecological validity of the measure being used. This finding may extend to all domains of inquiry in neuropsychological research and assessment when deductive conclusions are formulated on the results of neuropsychological test measures that could be considered contrived in nature.
Brief Communication: Cognitive Rehabilitation of Executive Functioning in a Case of Craniopharyngioma

Craniopharyngiomas are rare brain tumors within the area of the craniopharyngeal duct. They are often diagnosed in children and young people and can be associated with significant cognitive impairments such as memory and executive problems. This single-case report describes a brief investigation into the effectiveness of goal management training for dysexecutive problems following the removal and treatment of a craniopharyngioma in a young woman. In contrast to previous laboratory-based studies, we exploited naturally occurring distractions within the patient's work environment as periodic alerts to facilitate goal management. Following a 2-month intervention, the patient reported improvements in her ability to focus attention at work and performed significantly better on neuropsychological tests requiring organized behavior posttraining relative to pretraining. Thus, the exploitation of naturally occurring external distractions as periodic alerts to facilitate goal management can be an effective and easy-to-adopt cognitive rehabilitation strategy for dysexecutive problems associated with craniopharyngioma.
The clinical relevance of hysteroscopic polypectomy in premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding

This study assessed the efficacy of hysteroscopic polyp removal in the management of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) of premenopausal patients. The monthly menstrual blood loss, measured semi‐objectively by the pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) and patients satisfaction were recorded prospectively preoperatively and postoperatively. Twenty‐one patients were included. Median monthly PBAC‐score before treatment was 288 (range 142–670) and 6 months after polyp removal 155 (range 39–560). It was concluded that hysteroscopic polyp removal in premenopausal women with AUB reduces the monthly blood loss significantly and has a high satisfaction rate on the short term.
Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles-From Unprecedented Solvatofluorochromism to Two-Photon Absorption.

A combined experimental and theoretical study of the two-photon absorption (2PA) properties of a series of quadrupolar molecules possessing a highly electron-rich heterocyclic core, pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole, is presented. In agreement with quantum-chemical calculations, large 2PA cross-section values, σ2PA ≈10(2) -10(3) GM (1 GM=10(50) cm(4) s photon(-1) ), are observed at wavelengths of 650-700 nm, which correspond to the two-photon allowed but one-photon forbidden transitions. The calculations also predict that increased planarity of this molecule through removal of two N-substituents leads to further increase in the σ2PA values. Surprisingly, the most quadrupolar pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole derivative, containing two 4-nitrophenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, demonstrates a very strong solvatofluorochromic effect, with a fluorescence quantum yield as high as 0.96 in cyclohexane, whereas the fluorescence vanishes in DMSO.
Metrics and Best Practices in Clinical Data Management: Conclusions of a Dia Roundtable Workshop

Metrics are statistics that characterize the quality, productivity, speed (performance), or cost of one or more clinical data management activities. Even though clinical data management metrics have been used for decades, little effort has been made to standardize definitions of metrics or publish their values (“practices”). Participants in a Drug Information Association (DIA) roundtable conference on metrics, organized by Ron Fitzmartin, began discussions that could lead to standardization and publication of metrics and practices. The participants discussed a wide variety of clinical data management and biostatistical metrics, assigned subjective priority (importance) levels, created descriptions for many, and estimated current and best practices for some. Noting that clinical data management procedures vary widely, that actual procedures profoundly affect practices, and that little is known publicly about current or best practices, the participants were reluctant to place great confidence in their estimates of best and current practices.
The silent killer in media stories: Representations of hypertension as health risk factor in French-language Canadian newspapers

The media is recognised as an increasingly important source of information about health risk and disease for non-professionals. The issue for public health actors is the accuracy and objectivity of such information. But the media do not neutrally transmit expert information on health risk; they also contribute to shaping it. Media studies show that the media have their own modus operandi and produce content that satisfies the criteria of newsworthiness and media-value. The objective of our research was to analyse how newspapers represent hypertension as a health risk factor, to examine how these representations relate to media-value characteristics, and to reveal differences between serious, popular, and tabloid newspapers. Our findings show that, in their coverage of hypertension, the newspapers we analysed accentuate features that come closest to media-value characteristics of health risk. The magnitude and undetectable nature of hypertension, and the severity and unpredictability of its consequences, are accentuated in media discourse through various rhetorical devices. Exacerbation of fear is most prevalent in the tabloid newspapers, with more use of scary metaphors and personifications.
An Application of Business Process Management to Health Care Facilities

The purpose of this article is to help health care facility managers and personnel identify significant elements of their facilities to address, and steps and actions to follow, when applying business process management to them. The ABPMP (Association of Business Process Management Professionals) life-cycle model of business process management is adopted, and steps from Lean, business process reengineering, and Six Sigma, and actions from operations management are presented to implement it. Managers of health care facilities can find in business process management a more comprehensive approach to improving their facilities than Lean, Six Sigma, business process reengineering, and ad hoc approaches that does not conflict with them because many of their elements can be included under its umbrella. Furthermore, the suggested application of business process management can guide and relieve them from selecting among these approaches, as well as provide them with specific steps and actions that they can follow. This article fills a gap in the literature by presenting a much needed comprehensive application of business process management to health care facilities that has specific steps and actions for implementation.
Defining Biomarker Performance and Clinical Validity

Defining Biomarker Performance and Clinical Validity In the evaluation of biomarkers three questions can be answered: what is the analytical validity of the marker, what is its clinical validity, and does the marker have clinical utility? In most cases, clinical validity will be expressed in terms of the marker's accuracy: the degree to which it can be used to correctly identify diseased patients or, more generally, patients with the target condition. Diagnostic accuracy is evaluated in studies in which the biomarker values are compared to the outcome of the clinical reference standard in the same patients. There are several ways in which the results of diagnostic accuracy studies can be summarized, reported, and interpreted. In this paper we summarize and present the available measures. We classify these as error-based measures, information-based measures, and measures of the strength of the association. Clinical validity is linked to clinical utility. If the target condition is well defined and associated with unequivocal downstream management decisions, clinical validity, when defined in comparative terms, may sometimes act as a surrogate outcome measure for clinical utility. Definisanje Performansi i Kliničke Validnosti Biomarkera Evaluacija biomarkera može podrazumevati odgovore na tri pitanja: kakva je analitička validnost markera, kakva je njegova klinička validnost i da li je marker klinički koristan. U većini slučajeva, klinička validnost biće izražena kao tačnost markera: do koje se mere on može koristiti za tačno identifikovanje obolelih pacijenata ili, uopšteno, pacijenata sa ciljanim stanjem. Dijagnostička tačnost procenjuje se u studijama u kojima se vrednosti biomarkera porede sa ishodom kliničkog referentnog standarda kod istih pacijenata. Postoji nekoliko načina da se sumiraju, predstave i tumače rezultati studija dijagnostičke tačnosti. U ovom radu sumiraćemo i predstaviti dostupne mere. Podelili smo ih na mere zasnovane na greškama, mere zasnovane na informacijama i mere jačine asocijacije. Klinička validnost povezana je sa kliničkom korisnošću. Ukoliko je ciljano stanje tačno definisano i povezano sa ispravnim odlukama o terapiji, klinička validnost, kada se definiše u komparativnim terminima, ponekad može biti surogat mera ishoda za kliničku korisnost.
Development of LC-MS/MS analysis of cyclic dipeptides and its application to tea extract

2,5-Diketopiperazines (DKPs), also called cyclic dipeptides, have been known to occur in various foods. Recently, DKPs have attracted attentions as bioactive components. There were some reports on analytical methods for DKPs, but the number of analyzed DKPs was only a part of all DKPs and the quantitative performance was not studied in detail. In this study, we selected 31 kinds of DKPs and developed a quantitative and simultaneous analytical method using LC-MS/MS. This method was applied to DKPs determination in Pu-erh tea, post-fermentation tea, and 18 kinds of DKPs were determined at concentration of 0.0017–0.11 ppm. As a result of spiked test, it was concluded that the developed method using LC-MS/MS was useful for estimating DKPs concentration in tea. Graphical abstract In this study, the LC-MS/MS analysis of cyclic dipeptides (2,5-Diketopiperazines, DKPs) was developed. It was applied to Pu-erh tea for estimating DKP concentration.
Health Promotion in University: What Do Students Want?.

This qualitative research was designed to investigate students' health needs and their views on health promotion in a University. A total of 31 students participated in focus group discussions. Inductive analysis revealed two central themes: student health concerns and health promotion in a University setting. The former included issues associated with adjustment to life at University, health‐related lifestyle behaviours and provision of support services. The key areas highlighted for health promotion were alcohol and drug use, healthy eating and mental health. Participants' views on health promotion centred on the use of campaigns, which were felt to be a proactive and suitable means of targeting students with health messages; however, numerous recommendations to improve their efficacy emerged. Additional interventions to complement rather than replace campaigns were considered appropriate. By identifying the health concerns of students, this research has highlighted the areas on which future health promotion activity should focus and has suggested methods by which it could be delivered.
Long‐term follow‐up of patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with α‐interferon

We reanalyzed the results of a pilot study of recombinant α‐interferon therapy for chronic non‐A, non‐B hepatitis in light of the recent discovery of the hepatitis C virus and the development of diagnostic assays for this agent. Stored serum samples from 10 patients treated between 1984 and 1986 were tested for antibody to hepatitis C virus and hepatitis C virus RNA before, during and after therapy. In addition, the current clinical, serum biochemical and virological statuses of these patients were evaluated to determine the long‐term effects of interferon therapy. All patients had evidence of hepatitis C virus infection, with hepatitis C viral RNA, antibody to hepatitis C virus or both markers detectable in serum. Serum hepatitis C virus RNA was found to disappear in seven of eight patients whose aminotransferase levels became normal with interferon therapy but remained present in two patients who did not respond to therapy. Levels of hepatitis C virus RNA decreased and disappeared when serum aminotransferases fell to normal levels but rose with subsequent elevation of aminotransfrase levels in two patients who had relapses in disease when interferon was stopped. During a follow‐up of 3 to 6 yr, hepatitis C virus RNA remained undetectable in the six patients whose serum aminotransferase levels remained normal after interferon therapy. However, neither initial titers of hepatitis C virus RNA nor disappearance of viral RNA from serum during treatment predicted a sustained response. Thus long‐term beneficial responses to α‐interferon can occur in patients with chronic hepatitis C and are associated with sustained loss of hepatitis C virus RNA from serum. (HEPATOLOGY 1992;15:1013–1016).
Evidence of Psychosocial and Behavioral Effects Related to the Intention to Quit Alcohol in South Korea

This study examined psychosocial and behavioral characteristics and factors that influenced certain subjects within a population-based sample of Korean drinkers to quit alcohol consumption (N = 8910). Explored were various factors of psychosocial behaviors such as socioeconomic reasons, health behavior, cues to action, and self-control related to the intentions of alcohol abstinence. Using path analysis, it was found that, for men, self-control (B = 0.51), health behavior (B = 0.78), and health literacy (B = 0.58) were positively associated with cues to action which in turn positively induced them to quit drinking. This pattern of results appeared to apply only to men and not to women. In conclusion, this study reveals that men who do not smoke, regularly exercise, have high self-control, and look for health information are likely to be active in acquiring cues for behavioral changes and making themselves motivated. However, conventions of alcohol consumption in the female population are more dependent on social factors in comparison to those of men.
Transglutaminase Catalyzes the Formation of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate‐Insoluble, Alz‐50‐Reactive Polymers of τ

Abstract: Paired helical filaments, a constituent of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease, consist primarily of the microtu‐bule‐associated protein τ. However, the process by which the detergent‐insoluble filaments of the neurofibrillary tangles are formed from soluble τ remains unknown. Here, we present a potential mechanism for the abnormal aggregation of τ in Alzheimer's disease: the covalent cross‐linking of τ by the enzyme transglutaminase. Macromolecular complexes of τ, formed in the presence of transglutaminase, were found to be insoluble in ionic detergent, β‐mercaptoethanol, guanidine‐HCI, and urea and, furthermore, demonstrated an increased immunoreactivity with the monoclonal antibody Alz‐50. Electron microscopic studies revealed that τ cross‐linked by transglutaminase has a defined filamentous structure. These results indicate that transglutaminase, the activity of which has been shown to increase during programmed cell death, may play a role in the formation of pathology associated with Alzheimer's disease.
The effects on plasma L-arginine levels of combined oral L-citrulline and L-arginine supplementation in healthy males

We investigated the effects of combining 1 g of l-citrulline and 1 g of l-arginine as oral supplementation on plasma l-arginine levels in healthy males. Oral l-citrulline plus l-arginine supplementation more efficiently increased plasma l-arginine levels than 2 g of l-citrulline or l-arginine, suggesting that oral l-citrulline and l-arginine increase plasma l-arginine levels more effectively in humans when combined.
Tyr‐701 is a new regulatory site for neurotrophin receptor TrkA trafficking and function

Tropomyosin‐related kinase A (TrkA) receptor mediates the effects exerted by nerve growth factor on several subpopulations of neuronal cells. Ligand binding to TrkA induces receptor autophosphorylation on several tyrosine residues and the activation of signaling cascades. In this study, we describe a new site relevant for TrkA regulation, the tyrosine 701 (Y701), which is important for receptor trafficking and activation. Y701 replacement by aspartate or phenylalanine reduces receptor internalization rate and decreases the colocalization and association of TrkA with clathrin heavy chain, demonstrating that Y701 constitutes a YxxΦ (YRKF701–704) trafficking motif relevant for the regulation of receptor endocytosis. In accordance with this hypothesis, the colocalization of Y701 mutant receptors with a lysosomal marker is also reduced giving support to the involvement of the YRKF701–704 motif in the lysosomal targeting of TrkA receptors. Contrary to what was expected, substitution of Y701 for an Asp in order to mimic phosphorylation, impairs TrkA ability to mediate nerve growth factor‐induced differentiation, although the mutant receptor retains its in vitro kinase activity. This is the first evidence that a Tyr residue can simultaneously regulate TrkA receptor trafficking and activity.
Risk, choice and the ‘girl vaccine’: Unpacking human papillomavirus (HPV) immunisation

The marketing of Gardasil® and Cervarix™ vaccines for the prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV) targeted pre-sexual girls and cervical cancer, representing young women as practicing ‘decision autonomy’ in acquiring the ‘facts‘ about HPV and cancer. We challenge this overly simple explanatory model of vaccine choice. Through interviews with vaccine scientists and public health nurses in Canada, we illustrate the clinical, political and practical complexities of introducing a new and controversial vaccine. The omission of provocative sexual themes in the marketing of the vaccine strategically created an object marked for ‘women only’. The public acceptability of the vaccine was promoted by neglecting the clinical and sexual facts of the spread and prevalence of HPV infection and related cancers across genders and sexual orientations. This strategic omission generated a blockbuster vaccine embedded in a discourse of individualised risk and pharmaceutical control centred on female bodies.
Non‐infectious aggregates of the prion protein react with several PrPSc‐directed antibodies

The key event in the pathogenesis of prion diseases is the conformational conversion of the normal prion protein (PrP) (PrPC) into an infectious, aggregated isoform (PrPSc) that has a high content of β‐sheet. Historically, a great deal of effort has been devoted to developing antibodies that specifically recognize PrPSc but not PrPC, as such antibodies would have enormous diagnostic and experimental value. A mouse monoclonal IgM antibody (designated 15B3) and three PrP motif‐grafted monoclonal antibodies (referred to as IgG 19–33, 89–112, and 136–158) have been previously reported to react specifically with infectious PrPSc but not PrPC. In this study, we extend the characterization of these four antibodies by testing their ability to immunoprecipitate and immunostain infectious and non‐infectious aggregates of wild‐type, mutant, and recombinant PrP. We find that 15B3 as well as the motif‐grafted antibodies recognize multiple types of aggregated PrP, both infectious and non‐infectious, including forms found in brain, in transfected cells, and induced in vitro from purified recombinant protein. These antibodies are exquisitely selective for aggregated PrP, and do not react with soluble PrP even when present in vast excess. Our results suggest that 15B3 and the motif‐grafted antibodies recognize structural features common to both infectious and non‐infectious aggregates of PrP. Our study extends the utility of these antibodies for diagnostic and experimental purposes, and it provides new insight into the structural changes that accompany PrP oligomerization and prion propagation.