Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What factors influence clinical decision making for paramedics when attending to paediatric emergencies in the community within one ambulance service trust?

Background: Children’s healthcare needs are complex and diverse. Paramedics are expected to respond to a range of emergency calls across the patient demographic spectrum and to make complex clinical decisions, whilst facing growing pressures to seek provisions of care for their patients within the community. Aim: This study looked to understand the lived experiences of paramedics when attending to paediatric patients, and what factors influenced decision making. Methods: A qualitative study employing semi-structured interviews, to collect and describe the lived experiences of participants. Participants were paramedics working for an ambulance service responding to calls in the community. Participants varied in experience and registrant level of education. Interview data were transcribed verbatim and analysed utilising inductive thematic analysis. Results: Education provoked the most discussion, with a desire for more knowledge and training to improve confidence when attending to patients with low acuity complaints. Confidence was found to be intrinsically linked to experience, with clinicians who were more exposed to paediatrics in their professional or personal life displaying more confidence when attending to this patient group. Emotion of clinicians and/or families contributes to the clinical decision-making process; coupled with a reliance on clinical guidelines, there is a high probability of a paediatric consultation resulting in conveyance to an emergency department. Provision of care was variable geographically, with largely negative experiences observed with attempts for community referrals. Conclusions: Providing a focus of education more reflective of paramedics’ experiences will address some of the factors discussed by participants. Introducing innovative solutions such as developing guidelines for lower acuity conditions and the introduction of specialist roles could contribute to mitigating the barriers paramedics faced while improving the quality of care provided to paediatric patients. Barriers to confidence existing due to lack of exposure may well still exist, as would options to refer to community services.
In Vitro Pharmaco-Toxicological Characterization of Melissa officinalis Total Extract Using Oral, Pharynx and Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Lines

Melissa officinalis is a medicinal herb with an extensive pharmacological profile that has been proven to have beneficial effects in oral and gastrointestinal disorders. However, the effects of this plant in oral, pharyngeal, and colorectal malignancies, types of cancer with an increased incidence in recent years, are less investigated. The present study aims to evaluate the pharmacological profile of a Melissa officinalis total extract for potential benefits in oral, pharynx and colorectal carcinoma. The LC-MS profile of MO total extract (MOte) indicated a rich content in polyphenols, data that support the potent antioxidant capacity exhibited and the antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, MOte triggered a dose-dependent and selective decrease in the viability of tumor cells (tongue and pharynx squamous cell carcinomas, and colorectal adenocarcinoma), with the most significant effect being recorded at 100 µg/mL. At the same concentration, MOte exhibited an antiangiogenic effect by inhibiting the process of angiogenesis in ovo. Overall, our findings support the potential benefits of Melissa officinalis leaf total extract as a valuable candidate for the prophylaxis of oral, pharyngeal and colorectal neoplasms.
Defect engineering route to boron nitride quantum dots and edge-hydroxylated functionalization for bio-imaging

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has considerable potential for applications owing to its attractive features including good thermal conductivity, chemical stability, and unique optical properties. However, because h-BN is chemically inert and thermally stable, it is hard to synthesize boron nitride quantum dots (BNQDs) using chemical methods such as oxidation, hetero-atom doping or functionalization. Here, we report a defect engineering method to synthesize BNQDs from h-BN using physical energy sources including an impinging process of heated iron nanoparticles, microwave irradiation and sonication. Furthermore, edge-hydroxylated functionalization was employed to enhance the intracellular uptake of the BNQDs in cells for bioimaging. The edge-hydroxylated BNQDs (EH-BNQDs) showed blue colored photoluminescence with 325 nm laser excitation, good cytotoxicity performance with approximately 100% cell viability, and a good attachment to cell surfaces. The successful endocytosis of EH-BNQDs using a cancer cell line was also demonstrated.
Neonatal Hereditary Fructose Intolerance: Diagnostic Misconceptions and the Role of Genomic Sequencing

Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is a rare inborn error of metabolism due to deficiency of the enzyme aldolase B, preventing metabolism of fructose. Patients remain asymptomatic until exposed to fructose, sucrose, or sorbitol. HFI presenting as acute liver failure in the neonatal period is rare due to lack of exposure as breast milk and infant formulas are considered to be fructose free. Diagnosis can be delayed due to vague symptoms and lack of specific biomarkers. Recent advances in genetic testing have led to rapid diagnosis and favorable outcomes. We present the case of a formula-fed neonate who presented with acute liver failure where definitive diagnosis of HFI was made using expedited whole exome sequencing. Through this communication, we aim to bring attention to neonatal presentations of HFI from exposure to fructose in infant formulas and also highlight advances in rapid turnaround genomic testing in diagnosis.
Biofilm Detection on Catheter Associated Uropathogenic Bacteriuria among Fistula Patients Attending National Obstetric Fistula Centre Ningi, Bauchi State, Nigeria

Background: Biofilm production caused by bacteria plays a vital role in catheter associated urinary tract infection (UTI) or bacteriuria being responsible for persistence and recurrent infection. Biofilms forming bacteria are difficult to eradicate due to antimicrobial resistance to the commonly used antibiotic. Biofilms are currently estimated to be responsible for over 65% of nosocomial infections and 80% of microbial infections. This study aimed to perform biofilm detection on uropathogenic bacterial isolates among fistula patients attending National Obstetric Fistula centre Ningi and investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Methods: A total of 217 strains of significant bacteriuria were isolated from vesico vaginal fistula (VVF) patients. A cross sectional study was conducted at the hospital. The urine samples were collected and cultured on CLED and blood agar media while confirmation was done using their biochemical reaction. The detection of biofilms formation on the isolates was performed using tube adherence and Congo red agar method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by disc diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar. Results: Out of 217 significant bacteriuria isolated, 38 strains produced biofilms;28 strains tested positive on tube adherence method while 15 strains were positive on Congo red agar method. Bacteria that produced biofim showed multiple drug resistance compared to the platonic bacterial cells. All the biofilm producers showed 100% resistant to septrin, ampiclox, gentamycin and amoxicillin. There was no significant value between tube adherence and Congo red agar method with P value > 0.05. Conclusion: Biofilm detection should form part of routine testing while antimicrobial susceptibility testing is paramount on better choice of antibiotic therapy for proper management to reduce economic lost, treatment failure and drug resistance.
Strength Properties of Hardwood Timber Species Exposed to Decay
and Marine Borer Attack in Tidal Zones

The Pinaceae family of timber displays sound strength qualities in underground or dry conditions, with good strength in compression parallel to the grain that make them ideal for use as piles. However, they decay rapidly in marine environments, due to low heartwood rot resistance and large radius of sapwood that is susceptible to attack by marine borers and rot. Therefore, preservative treatment of Pinaceae is the standard practice for producing rot resistant timber marine piles in the U.S. While it has been shown that hardwoods can be marginally treated with preservatives, decay evaluations are primarily based on ground contact and lack inspection of post-decay strength properties. This paper describes the ongoing research to chemically treat and evaluate the heartwood of four naturally rot-resistant timber families available in the U.S. for use as marine timber: Black locust, white oak, black walnut, and swamp mahogany. Small clearheartwood samples will be treated with oil-borne preservatives that have already shown better decay protection for red oak over Pinaceae family. The specimens will be sampled annually over the course of a decade in estuary saltwater and tested for decay, marine borer infestation and mechanical properties. Specifically, specimens will be differentiated by exposure in three different zones for comparison to realistic exposure scenarios of a structure: continuous submersion underwater, within the tidal zone for cyclical water and air exposure, and in the splash zone with minimal water exposure. Treated samples will be compared to untreated and preservative treated control specimens of the most common Pinaceae species, loblolly pine, and each hardwood species. This will enable treatment comparison to the industry standard (Pinaceae) and treatment comparison within a species. The objectives of this study are twofold: To establish correlation between rate of decay and strength properties in marine timber, and to determine the viability of treating U.S. hardwoods for use as marine timbers.
The social side of innovation: When and why advice network centrality promotes innovative work behaviours

Drawing from a social network perspective on innovation, this study aims to explore the relationship between advice network centrality, and innovative work behaviour by focusing on the mediating role of voice behaviour and the moderation of organizational tenure. Hypotheses were tested using a sample of 478 employees in an Italy-based aerospace organization. The results indicated that a central position in the advice network was positively associated with innovative work behaviour and that voice behaviour mediated this relationship. Additionally, moderated mediation analysis highlighted that the path between advice network centrality and voice behaviour was stronger for individuals with shorter organizational tenure. These findings offer guidance for organizations that aim to strengthen employee-driven innovation by highlighting the importance of a social network approach. Several implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Participatory prototyping of a tailored U=U (undetectable=untransmittable) message to increase HIV testing in men in Western Cape, South Africa

Taking daily ART eliminates sufficient virus so that HIV is undetectable via viral load (VL) testing within 24 weeks. HIV-positive individuals with an undetectable VL cannot transmit HIV to sexual partners or through giving birth, a message commonly referred to as U=U (undetectable equals untransmittable). Since South African men have poorer HIV outcomes than women, we used interactive human centred design co-creation workshops to ask men from high HIV burden communities in Cape Town, South Africa to create a U=U message aimed at increasing HIV testing and ART uptake in men.Two facilitators explained the U=U message to the men (n =39) attending the workshop and asked them how to effectively communicate the message. Participants designed messages to assuage fears of testing HIV positive, explaining that ART enables HIV positive people to live normally and makes the virus “untransmittable” to their sexual partners.Participants developed three insights for the U=U message; 1) “Introduce” the modern antiretroviral pill, 2) positively redefine the man for whom the pill is intended, and 3) simplify the benefits of ART for men. Participants’ messages emphasised 1) “you cannot spread the virus (HIV) to the other person” 2) and “(the pill) keeps on killing the virus so I can live a normal life for the rest of my life. ”Men in the workshops co-created a simple U=U message to address fears of testing HIV positive, emphasising the pill’s positive effects. Co-created, tailored messaging may improve the uptake of HIV services for South African men.
A biological invasion impacts ecosystem services: cane toads change the rate of scavenging and the suite of scavengers

By affecting the abundance of key native species, invasive taxa may disrupt ecosystem services. In Australia, large monitor lizards ( Varanus spp.) play critical roles as scavengers and apex predators. Our broadscale surveys (across two transects, 1300 and 2500 km) show that in tropical areas where the arrival of fatally toxic cane toads ( Rhinella marina ) has massively reduced the abundance of monitors ( Varanus panoptes ), rates of removal of deployed baits are more than halved, and the assemblages of scavengers are dominated by birds or mammals rather than reptiles. In contrast, populations of another monitor species in eastern Australia ( Varanus varius ) were little affected by toad arrival, as were scavenging rates and assemblages. The mechanisms responsible for those shifts, and their consequences on ecosystem services, warrant further research.
Novel thin films deposited on electrospun PCL scaffolds by atmospheric pressure plasma jet for L929 fibroblast cell cultivation

This paper reports on the deposition of PCL homopolymers and poly ε-caprolactone-polyethylene glycol (PCL-PEG) copolymers by atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) onto electrospun PCL scaffolds for improving L929 fibroblast cell growth. Polymer deposited scaffolds showed better stability as well as lower CA as compared to those treated with APPJ in Ar alone used as the carrier gas to introduce the precursors due to the formation of polar groups generated during the plasma treatment, such as –OH and/or –COO. Average fiber and porosity sizes were calculated by using SEM photographs and the ImageJ Launcher Software program and higher values were observed for both PCL and PCL-PEG deposited scaffolds than the untreated electrospun PCL scaffolds. XPS analysis showed that C1s% content decreased for PCL deposited (from 82.4% to 71.0%) and PCL-PEG deposited (from 82.4% to 57.7%) and O1s% composition increased for PCL deposited (from 17.6% to 29.0%) and PCL-PEG deposited (from 17.6% to 42.3%) compared to the untreated one. XPS results proved more incorporation of oxygen moieties on the deposited surfaces than the untreated samples giving rise to more hydrophilic surfaces to the deposited ones. Standard in vitro MTT test, Giemsa staining, fluorescence and CLSM imaging techniques were used for the determination of cell viability, adhesion and proliferation. Cell culture experiments showed that PCL-PEG deposited electrospun PCL scaffolds had the most promising cell adhesion, proliferation and growth among the treated scaffolds. The increased average fiber diameter caused by deposition as well as oxygen containing polar groups formed on the surfaces due to the radicals present in the plasma atmosphere provided higher surface area and functionality, respectively, for cells to attach, yielding better biocompatibility performance.
Experimental Study on the Unsteady Natural Cloud Cavities: Influence of Cavitation Number on Cavity Evolution and Pressure Pulsations

High-speed underwater vehicles are subjected to complex multiphase turbulent processes, such as the growth, development, shedding, and collapse of cavitation bubbles. To study the cavity evolution and pressure pulsation characteristics, in this paper, cloud cavitation over a conical axisymmetric test body with four pressure sensors is investigated. A multi-field simultaneous measurement experiment method for the natural cavitation of underwater vehicles is proposed to understand the relationship between cavity evolution and instantaneous pressure. The results show that the evolution of cloud cavitation can be mainly divided into three stages: (I) the growth process of the attached cavity, (II) the shedding process of the attached cavity, and (III) the collapse of detached cavities. The evolution of the attached cavity and collapse of the large-scale shedding cavity will cause strong pressure pulsations. It is found that the cavitation number plays an important role in cavitation evolution and pressure pulsation. Interestingly, as the cavitation number decreases, the fluctuation intensity of cavitation increases significantly and gradually presents obvious periodicity. Moreover, the unstable cavitating flow patterns are highly correlated with the time domain and frequency domain characteristics of pressure. Especially, as the cavitation number decreases, the main frequency becomes lower and the pressure band becomes more concentrated.
On Gravitational Solitons

Recently considerable e f f o r t has been made t o f i n d s o l i t o n s o l ~ i t i o n s correspondi ng t o (non-1 i near) evot ion equations . I ndeed the "exponent i a l growth regime" on the number o f papers on t h i s sub jec t i s f u l l y j u s t i f ied: so l i tons may represent ob jec ts t ha t have some features o f elementary part i c l es l . I n general r e l a t i v i t y , t h i s idea could s u b s t i t u t e the hope about g rav i tons . Unfor tunate ly , up t o now, s o l i t o n and g r a v i t a t i o n are unmixed theor ies: the d i f f i c u l t i e s concerning coupled nonl inear p a r t i a 1 d i f f e r e n t i a 1 equations are formidable2, even i n s i tua t ions s impler than E ins te in ' s equations.
Comprehensive investigation of free radical quenching potential, total phenol, flavonoid and saponin content, and chemical profiles of twelve Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. species

India represents eighteen species of genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. , which are cumulatively known and used as Safed Musali . Out of these, Chlorophytum borivilianum Santapau & R.R. Fern is extensively utilized by virtue of a wide array of bioactivities. In the present study, comparative analysis of twelve species of the genus Chlorophytum including C. borivilianum was done to find its alternative with respect to phytochemical content and antioxidant potential. Among all species analyzed, C. amaniense Engl. showed highest phenol (654.5 mg/g), flavonoid (191.1 mg/g) and saponin (7.42 %) contents. Highest DPPH free radical quenching activity was observed in C. amaniense Engl. (86.97 %) which was nearly 30 % more than that of C. borivilianum . HPTLC chemical fingerprint of all the C hlorophytum species was established showing a visible difference in the band pattern and intensities. HPTLC fingerprint of C. amaniense showed presence of maximum number of bands with high intensity. GC-MS analysis of all the extracts of twelve species revealed presence of 35 different molecules and/or fragments of molecules. Present study may be the first systematic and comparative evaluation of the genus Chlorophytum , indicates C. amaniense Engl. as an alternative to C. borivilianum.
PRODUCTIVITY GAP BY GENDER AMONG RICE FARMERS IN NORTH-CENTRAL NIGERIA

The present research used a field survey data of 2020 rice cropping season to determine yield gap by gender among rice farmers in North-Central Nigeria. A total of 376 farmers were drawn from a sampling frame through a multi-stage sampling technique and a structured questionnaire coupled interview schedule was used for information elicitation. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The empirical evidences showed that most of the farmers have negative attitudes towards risk and this owes to poor resource capital base, thus hinders cultivation of economic holdings. Besides, women farmers were more averse to risk than the men farmers which owes largely to gender discrimination and stereotype induced by culture and religion, thus hindered their access to and control over productive resources. Furthermore, neither gender nor risk attitudinal differentials have impact on the average yield of the farmers. However, it was established that yield gap was largely due to gender and risk attitudinal discriminations. Therefore, the study enjoins the farmers, especially the women folk to harness social capital viz. participation in co-operative association- pecuniary advantages, thus enable them to have access to and control over productive. In addition, the policymakers are advised to create an enabling agricultural environment for the women folk viz. gender budget mainstreaming, thus tackling women farmers’ susceptibility to the vicious cycle of poverty.
Gaze Estimation Using Neural Network And Logistic Regression

Currently, a large number of mature methods are available for gaze estimation. However, most regular gaze estimation approaches require additional hardware or platforms with professional equipment for data collection or computing that typically involve high costs and are relatively tedious. Besides, the implementation is particularly complex. Traditional gaze estimation approaches usually require systematic prior knowledge or expertise for practical operations. Moreover, they are primarily based on the characteristics of pupil and iris, which uses pupil shapes or infrared light and iris glint to estimate gaze, requiring high-quality images shot in special environments and other light source or professional equipment. We herein propose a two-stage gaze estimation method that relies on deep learning methods and logistic regression, which can be applied to various mobile platforms without additional hardware devices or systematic prior knowledge. A set of automatic and fast data collection mechanism is designed for collecting gaze images through a mobile platform camera. Additionally, we propose a new annotation method that improves the prediction accuracy and outperforms the traditional gridding annotation method. Our method achieves good results and can be adapted to different applications.
Simultaneous Headspace-GC-FID Analysis for Methanol and Ethanol in Blood, Saliva, and Urine: Validation of Method and Comparison of Specimens

This study presents a headspace gas chromatography method with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) for the determination of ethanol and methanol content in biological fluids such as blood, urine, and saliva, emphasizing matrix effects onto headspace analytical results. In this context, a simultaneous procedure was established and validated, and it was revealed that headspace GC for methanol and ethanol determination in all routinely available biological fluids is applicable as a reference method and also in routine diagnostics and monitoring. GC was performed with a run time of 6 min. The method showed linearity in the range of 50-400 mg/dL both for methanol and ethanol (r 2 = 0.998 and r 2 = 0.999, respectively) in all specimens with a detection and quantification limits less than 1.5 mg/dL and 2 mg/dL, respectively, as well as with good repeatability. Relative standard deviation and percent bias were calculated for interday and intraday accuracy and precision at three concentrations (low 50 mg/dL, medium 200 mg/dL, and high 400 mg/dL) for each biological fluid. A recovery rate of over 90% was obtained. Due to matrix effects of specimens, slight variations in validation data were presented and compared. The method and the obtained results suggest that the use of headspace GC could be extended from confirmatory analyses to routine application in toxicology laboratories.