Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SME Innovation in the Malaysian Manufacturing Sector Cassey

This paper examines the determinants of innovation amongst small and medium enterprises in the Malaysian manufacturing sector using firm-level data. For small-sized firms, younger firms are more likely to innovate compared to older firms. However, for medium-sized and large-sized firms, older firms are more likely to innovate. The extent of foreign ownership is not an important determinant of innovation. Small-sized firms with more employees are more likely to innovate. Medium-sized firms that produce for domestic market tend to be more innovative. In terms of ownership structure, medium-sized firms that are public limited companies are less likely to innovate. The relationship between technological characteristics of industry and firms’ likelihood to innovate appear to be complex. Higher market concentration is associated with higher probability to innovate for medium-sized firms. Disciplines Business | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication Details Lee, C. & Lee, C. (2007). SME innovation in the Malaysian manufacturing sector. Economics Bulletin, 12 (30), 1-12. This journal article is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow. edu.au/commpapers/3099 SME Innovation in the Malaysian Manufacturing Sector Cassey Lee Lee Chew Ging The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus
Effects of Student Family Structure and Attendance on Academic Achievement in Middle Grades Mathematics

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact student attendance and family structure had on academic achievement as measured by the Georgia mandated criterion referenced competency test (CRCT) in middle grades mathematics. There were many factors that could have come into play regarding the level of academic achievement each child experiences. With federal, state and local entities placing increased pressure on schools and educators to be more accountable, specifically in the form of student test scores, it seemed imperative to understand the external variables that may negatively impact student learning potential. Utilizing the student’s family structure data reported via contact information at the beginning of the academic year and their attendance history for the 2012-2013 academic year, this study focused on determining if attendance and family structure statistically impacted mathematics achievement scores on the 2013 annual CRCT in a North Georgia middle school. The overarching goal of this study was to explore variables associated with family structure in an effort to determine factors outside the educational systems control that affect student performance. Results from this study showed that both student attendance and family structure individually impacted overall achievement in middle grades mathematics.
Radiation Effects on Magnetohydrodynamic Free Convective Flow over an Infinite Vertical Plate In a Porous Medium

An analysis to study the unsteady free convective heat transfer due the combined effects of buoyancy, radiation and transverse magnetic field is carried out for an infinite vertical plate in a porous medium. The dimensionless governing coupled partial differential boundary layer equations are formulated and solved analytically using the Laplace transform technique. Results are compared with previous works and found in agreement. The effects of the parameters that enter the problem are discussed.
ACHIEVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND STABILITY IN WSN USING A NOVEL MOBILE SINK APPROACH BASED ON BIOGEOGRAPHY BASED OPTIMIZATION

Wireless sensor networks are constrained with limited battery lifetime. Cluster head near the base station act as relays to the cluster heads far from the base station resulting in fast depletion of the cluster head close to the base station. To overcome this problem mobile sink have been used in the past. The proposed algorithm finds the optimum path and sojourn location of the mobile sink using biogeography based optimization (BBO). BBO not only converge faster as compared to GA but it also gives more optimized results. The proposed algorithm is compared with previous protocols such as LEACH, GA based clustering, PSO based clustering. The algorithm is implemented using MATLAB simulation tool. The proposed algorithm performs better both in terms of lifetime of the cluster heads as well as lifetime of the entire network
Title : Angular Default Mode Network Connectivity Across Working Memory Load Short title : Angular Default Network in Working Memory

Title: Angular Default Mode Network Connectivity Across Working Memory Load Short title: Angular Default Network in Working Memory D Vatansever, AE Manktelow, BJ Sahakian, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis 1 Division of Anaesthesia and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 2 Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 3 Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF CLARA, A NOVEL FEL TEST FACILITY FOR ULTRA-SHORT PULSE GENERATION

CLARA will be a novel FEL test facility focussed on the generation of ultra-short photon pulses with extreme levels of stability and synchronisation. The principal aim is to experimentally demonstrate that sub-cooperation length pulse generation with FELs is viable, and to compare the various schemes being championed. The results will translate directly to existing and future X-ray FELs, enabling them to generate attosecond pulses, thereby extending their science capabilities. This paper gives an overview of the motivation for CLARA, describes the facility design (reported in detail in the recently published Conceptual Design Report [1]) and proposed operating modes and summarises the proposed areas of FEL research.
A 25-year study of climatic and density-dependent population regulation of common shrimp Crangon crangon (Crustacea: Caridea) in the Bristol Channel

The results of a 25-year study of the population dynamics of the common shrimp, Crangon crangon, in the Bristol Channel are presented. The population size varied seasonally, with maximum abundance occurring in early autumn at the completion of annual recruitment. The number of recruits changed greatly between years, and was positively correlated with both average water temperature from January to August, and river flow rate, and negatively correlated with the Winter North Atlantic Oscillation Index. A wide range of other physical and biotic variables was found to have no significant impact on C. crangon abundance. The positive relationship between temperature and C. crangon abundance observed for the Atlantic coast during this study is the opposite of that found for southern North Sea populations. Similar contradictory responses have been noted previously for flatfish such as sole, Solea solea. This suggests that global variables may act to produce different outcomes for Atlantic and North Sea populations of the same species. Over-winter mortality was found to vary with population size so that the adult C. crangon population in spring was found to be remarkably stable, and little influenced by temperature or other variables. The mortality rate increased with population size producing clear evidence of density-dependent control. It is suggested that this stability is linked to the constant limited availability of suitable habitat, with individuals unable to find shelter vulnerable to a range of predatory fish. Given the pivotal role of C. crangon within the northern European estuarine ecosystems, this stability may be a critical component for the overall stability of the system. A particular feature of this study was the exceptional recruitment observed in October 2002. This did not result in any subsequent increase in adult C. crangon numbers, possibly because there was a synchronous increase in a wide range of predators. While the adult population has remained stable and showed no temporal trend, there has been an increase in both the average magnitude and between year variability in recruitment, which can be related predominately to the recent increase in water temperature. The difficulty of predicting the response of this population to continued climate warming is discussed. If temperature continues to rise, the present power law describing the increase in recruitment with temperature must inevitably break down. If this were to occur, the future trajectory of the C. crangon population could not be predicted, and the continued stability of this ecosystem would no longer be assured.
Subduction over the Southern Indian Ocean in a High-Resolution Atmosphere – Ocean Coupled Model

This study examines the subduction of the Subantarctic Mode Water in the Indian Ocean in an ocean– atmosphere coupled model in which the ocean component is eddy permitting. The purpose is to assess how sensitive the simulated mode water is to the horizontal resolution in the ocean by comparing with a coarseresolution ocean coupled model. Subduction of water mass is principally set by the depth of the winter mixed layer. It is found that the path of the Agulhas Current system in the model with an eddy-permitting ocean is different from that with a coarse-resolution ocean. This results in a greater surface heat loss over the Agulhas Return Current and a deeper winter mixed layer downstream in the eddy-permitting ocean coupled model. The winter mixed layer depth in the eddy-permitting ocean compares well to the observations, whereas the winter mixed layer depth in the coarse-resolution ocean coupled model is too shallow and has the wrong spatial structure. To quantify the impacts of different winter mixed depths on the subduction, a way to diagnose local subduction is proposed that includes eddy subduction. It shows that the subduction in the eddypermitting model is closer to the observations in terms of the magnitudes and the locations. Eddies in the eddy-permitting ocean are found to 1) increase stratification and thus oppose the densification by northward Ekman flow and 2) increase subduction locally. These effects of eddies are not well reproduced by the eddy parameterization in the coarse-resolution ocean coupled model.
MEASURING THE COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE EDUCATION INDEX

Agnes Kriz AUSTRIA Jose Luis Bernat SPAIN Agustin Lopez SPAIN Josephine Desouza UNITED STATES Aislinn Joy IRELAND Karen Stansberry Beard UNITED STATES Alan Garfield UNITED STATES Kari Bjorn FINLAND Aleksandra Kulpa-Puczynska POLAND Katy Salisbury UNITED KINGDOM Amparo Giros SPAIN Lorena Lopez SPAIN Ana Mouta Costa PORTUGAL Luis Gomez Chova SPAIN Ana Paula Lopes PORTUGAL Ma. Jesus Suesta SPAIN Ana Tomas SPAIN Marco Ronchetti ITALY Ann Cotton UNITED KINGDOM Marek Na? cz POLAND Antonio Garcia SPAIN Margaret Mackay UNITED KINGDOM Beata Godejord NORWAY Marge Taks ESTONIA
In the Shadow of Giants

Intellectual giants provide broad shoulders for subsequent inventors. Their unfinished inquiry also casts a shadow on the future endeavor. In a two-stage model with uncertainty about the feasibility of inventions, this shadow effect induces a beneficial impact of patenting the first-stage, basic invention on the second-stage innovation, but a negative effect at the first stage. Keeping the basic invention unpatentable may accelerate innovation at both stages when there is considerable uncertainty at the first stage (so that the shadow effect is strong), but the second-stage invention is highly feasible (so that the shadow effect is weak).
VALUATION OF CLAIMS ON NONTRADED ASSETS USING UTILITY MAXIMIZATION

A topical problem is how to price and hedge claims on nontraded assets. A natural approach is to use for hedging purposes another similar asset or index which is traded. To model this situation, we introduce a second nontraded log Brownian asset into the well‐known Merton investment model with power law and exponential utilities. The investor has an option on units of the nontraded asset and the question is how to price and hedge this random payoff. The presence of the second Brownian motion means that we are in the situation of incomplete markets. Employing utility maximization and duality methods we obtain a series approximation to the optimal hedge and reservation price using the power utility. The problem is simpler for the exponential utility, and in this case we derive an explicit representation for the price. Price and hedging strategy are computed for some example options and the results for the utilities are compared.
On the origin of the occasional spring nitrate peak in Greenland snow

Abstract. Ice core nitrate concentrations peak in the summer in both Greenland and Antarctica. Two nitrate concentration peaks in one annual layer have been observed some years in ice cores in Greenland from samples dating post-1900, with the additional nitrate peak occurring in the spring. The origin of the spring nitrate peak was hypothesized to be pollution transport from the mid-latitudes in the industrial era. We performed a case study on the origin of a spring nitrate peak in 2005 measured from a snowpit at Summit, Greenland, covering 3 years of snow accumulation. The effect of long-range transport of nitrate on this spring peak was excluded by using sulfate as a pollution tracer. The isotopic composition of nitrate (δ15N, δ18O and Δ17O) combined with photochemical calculations suggest that the occurrence of this spring peak is linked to a significantly weakened stratospheric ozone (O3) layer. The weakened O3 layer resulted in elevated UVB (ultraviolet-B) radiation on the snow surface, where the production of OH and NOx from the photolysis of their precursors was enhanced. Elevated NOx and OH concentrations resulted in enhanced nitrate production mainly through the NO2 + OH formation pathway, as indicated by decreases in δ18O and Δ17O of nitrate associated with the spring peak. We further examined the nitrate concentration record from a shallow ice core covering the period from 1772 to 2006 and found 19 years with double nitrate peaks after the 1950s. Out of these 19 years, 14 of the secondary nitrate peaks were accompanied by sulfate peaks, suggesting long-range transport of nitrate as their source. In the other 5 years, low springtime O3 column density was observed, suggesting enhanced local production of nitrate as their source. The results suggest that, in addition to direct transport of nitrate from polluted regions, enhanced local photochemistry can also lead to a spring nitrate peak. The enhanced local photochemistry is probably associated with the interannual variability of O3 column density in the Arctic, which leads to elevated surface UV radiation in some years. In this scenario, enhanced photochemistry caused increased local nitrate production under the condition of elevated local NOx abundance in the industrial era.
Nonlinear Analysis of Pull-In Voltage of Twin Micro-Cantilever Beams

Micro-cantilevers are micromechanical structures that are being used in detection and sensing as MEMS. The easy usage and the relatively simple fabrication of micro-cantilever beams make them stand as suitable candidates for a wide variety of engineering applications. Dynamic capability of micro-cantilever beams to withstand considerable impacts and even various static loadings make them useful in applications as AFM, inertial sensors, or flow applications. Specific configurations with micro cantilever beams could be used for more advanced applications such as liquid viscosity measurement. The main objective of this research is to investigate the nonlinear dynamic behaviour of two parallel micro cantilever beams with slightly different geometry under the condition of closed to pull-in voltage. The governing differential equations that model closely the dynamical behaviour microcantilever beams under electrostatic field are used in the formulation. The model is based on discreet 2 degree of freedom mass-springdamping. The electrostatic loading induces the dynamical behaviour of two parallel micro cantilever beams expressed in two differential equations that are nonlinear and stiff. A specific algorithm that optimizes the integration steps which is named ISODE is used to perform the computation. The time response and phase diagram to the step-voltage for the mass-spring-damper system is derived numerically and the pull-in voltage of the system is evaluated.
Exploring the Transdisciplinary Learning Experiences of Innovation Professionals

Transdisciplinary innovation inherently involves learning how to integrate disciplines towards exploring a problem or towards developing a solution or technology. Thus, transdisciplinary innovation and transdisciplinary learning are practically interchange-able. Although transdisciplinary learning has been studied and experimented with in educational research, the understanding of it in a professional context is limited. We therefore aim our research at addressing this question of how people shift their practice towards other disciplines to address complex issues. We chose to focus on a particularly challenging context – the shift from positivist to non-positivist learning across the career of transdisciplinary innovators when addressing complex problems. What makes this context challenging is that the siloed and heavily specialized nature of working within a disciplinary construct discourages collaboration on real-world complex problems. This context is also challenging because the analytic focus from positivist disciplines results in a reductionist approach, which limits an innovator’s ability to explore problems holistically and abductively. An understanding of the learning experiences of practitioners in these contexts will inform the identification of relevant variables and attributes that encourage innovative learning for ultimately innovative practice. This identification might help us develop better support and education for innovation professionals who want to adopt transdisciplinary practices for the purposes of addressing complex problems. In this article, we discuss the results of a series of in-depth interviews to understand the learning experiences of design innovation practitioners who experienced a shift away from positivist approaches towards transdisciplinary innovation practice. We explore the research approach undertaken to study the motivations and drivers, the emotions experienced during the shift, and the implementation and dis-semination of the new learning into professional practice.
Security Analysis of an EPC Class-1 Generation-2 Compliant RFID Authentication Protocol

Design of secure authentication solutions for low-cost RFID tags is still an open and quite challenging problem, though many protocols have been published in the last decade. In 2013, Wei and Zhang proposed a new lightweight RFID authentication protocol that conforms to the EPC-C1G2 standard and claimed that the protocol would be immune against all known attacks on RFID systems. In this paper, we consider the security of this protocol and show that it cannot provide secure authentication for RFID users. An attacker, by following our suggested approach, will be able to impersonate server/reader, and destroy synchronization between the back-end server and the tag. Finally, we enhance this protocol, and by using formal and informal security analysis we show that the enhanced protocol strongly inhibits the security flaws of its predecessor.
Toward a Construct of Liability of Origin

In this paper, we advance a novel concept of liability of origin to explicate the mechanisms through which location can be become either a liability or an advantage. Our analysis sheds light on how firms’ ability to compete and gain legitimacy can be derailed or enhanced by their geographical location. We illustrate our theoretical analysis using multiple cases in the airline industry in Africa. Four distinct phases that explicate how liability of origin manifests in firms’ legitimacy quest are indicated. Our work highlights how actions and inactions of rival firms can make the geographical origin of a firm “geographicalness” to shift from being a strategic asset to become a liability. We outline a number of implications for practice and fruitful avenues for future research.
Nonreciprocity in Photonic Structures with Phase-Change Components

We consider the scattering problem for an asymmetric composite photonic structure with a component experiencing a thermally driven phase transition. Using a numerical example, we show that if the heating is caused by the incident light, the transmittance can become highly asymmetric within a broad range of light intensities. This effect can be utilized for directional light transmission, asymmetric optical limiting, or power switching.
Rational Women: A Test for Sex-Based Harassment

The issue of what constitutes acceptable sexual conduct in the workplace has sparked contentious social debate. In addition, courts have disagreed about how to define actionable sex-based harassment under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. Under the current doctrine, courts render caseby-case judgments about whether particular acts of harassment are harmful or offensive enough to constitute discrimination. This inquiry is laden with subjective value judgments, and it transforms the individual harassment case into a microcosm for the larger social debate about what behavior is acceptable in the workplace. This Article presents an alternative test for evaluating sexual harassment claims under Title V11 that avoids normative speculation. The Article starts from the premise that Title VII's objective is to ensure that women's employment decisions are not burdened by factors that do not enter into men's employment decisions. The author demonstrates that sex-based harassment plays a significant role in women's economic status, directly effecting women's job retention rates and contributing to horizontal and vertical occupational segregation. Employing economic analysis, the author suggests that behavior should be considered discriminatory whenever it would lead a hypothetical rational woman to alter her employment decisions if she could do so at little or no cost.
Literature on Website Evaluation in Health Sector

A critical element in the evolution of health sector services provided through the internet is the development of appropriate websites that adequately serve the patients' needs. Hospitals, in order to deliver superior online services must first understand and then satisfy users expectations. Health sector website assessment is built on identifying underlying dimensions, and conceptualizing relative metrics. Research and practitioner interest in health sector website assessment has considerably risen in recent years. In this article aspects of relative academic studies in health sector website assessment are reviewed and a holistic health sector websites assessment framework is proposed, defining criteria and their relative indicators.