Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the right track: placement of camera traps on roads improves detection of predators and shows non-target impacts of feral cat baiting

Abstract Context To understand the ecological consequences of predator management, reliable and accurate methods are needed to survey and detect predators and the species with which they interact. Recently, poison baits have been developed specifically for lethal and broad-scale control of feral cats in Australia. However, the potential non-target effects of these baits on other predators, including native apex predators (dingoes), and, in turn, cascading effects on lower trophic levels (large herbivores), are poorly understood. Aims We examined the effect that variation in camera trapping-survey design has on detecting dingoes, feral cats and macropodids, and how different habitat types affect species occurrences. We then examined how a feral cat poison baiting event influences the occupancy of these sympatric species. Methods We deployed 80 remotely triggered camera traps over the 2410-km2 Matuwa Indigenous Protected Area, in the semiarid rangelands of Western Australia, and used single-season site-occupancy models to calculate detection probabilities and occupancy for our target species before and after baiting. Key results Cameras placed on roads were ∼60 times more likely to detect dingoes and feral cats than were off-road cameras, whereas audio lures designed to attract feral cats had only a slight positive effect on detection for all target species. Habitat was a significant factor affecting the occupancy of dingoes and macropodids, but not feral cats, with both species being positively associated with open woodlands. Poison baiting to control feral cats did not significantly reduce their occupancy but did so for dingoes, whereas macropodid occupancy increased following baiting and reduced dingo occupancy. Conclusions Camera traps on roads greatly increase the detection probabilities for predators, whereas audio lures appear to add little or no value to increasing detection for any of the species we targeted. Poison baiting of an invasive mesopredator appeared to negatively affect a non-target, native apex predator, and, in turn, may have resulted in increased activity of large herbivores. Implications Management and monitoring of predators must pay careful attention to survey design, and lethal control of invasive mesopredators should be approached cautiously so as to avoid potential unintended negative ecological consequences (apex-predator suppression and herbivore release).
Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi and other fusaria from Dianthus species

DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) among 46 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum from Dianthus spp. , representing the known range of pathogenicity in carnation, were determined using total DNA digested with the restriction enzyme HindIII and a previously described probe, D4. Distinct multiple band RFLP patterns were found, which delineated RFLP groups as follows: (i) F. oxysporum f.sp. dianthi races I and 8; (ii) F. oxysporum f.sp. dianthi races 2, 5 and 6; (iii) F. oxysporum f.sp. dianthi race 4; (iv) a recently described race of F. oxysporum f.sp. dianthi (wilt-causing isolates from D. caryophyllus formerly classified as F. redolens); (v) wilt-causing isolates from D. barbatus formerly classified as F. redolens and (vi), (vii) and (viii), three further recently described races of F. oxysporum f.sp. dianthi. Isolate groups derived from analysis of RFLPs were consistent with existing and recently described vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) in F. oxysporum f.sp. dianthi, but not in all cases with races. Isolates of F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum not associated with wilt disease had simpler RFLP patterns (with one exception) that were not associated with VCGs.
noisi: A Python tool for ambient noise cross-correlation modeling
and noise source inversion

Abstract. We introduce open-source tool noisi for the forward and inverse modeling of ambient seismic cross-correlations with spatially varying source spectra. It utilizes pre-computed databases of Green’s functions to represent seismic wave propagation between ambient seismic sources and seismic receivers, which can be obtained from existing repositories or imported from the output of wave propagation solvers. The tool was built with the aim of studying ambient seismic sources while accounting for realistic wave propagation effects. Furthermore, it may be used to guide the interpretation of ambient seismic auto- and cross-correlations, which have become pre-eminent seismological observables, in light of non-uniform ambient seismic sources. Written in the Python language, it is both accessible for usage and further development, as well as efficient enough to conduct ambient seismic source inversions for realistic scenarios. Here, we introduce the concept and implementation of the tool, compare its model output to the output of cross-correlations computed with SPECFEM3D_globe, and demonstrate its capabilities on selected use cases: A comparison of observed cross-correlations of the Earth’s hum to a forward model based on hum sources from oceanographic models, and a synthetic noise source inversion using full waveforms and signal energy asymmetry.
A New Nematode, Tylenchus aptini n.sp Parasite of Thysanoptera (Insecta: Aptinothrips rufus Gmelin)

The study of Aptinothrips rufus made in 1930, in the vicinity of Edinburgh, revealed the presence of a nematode parasite in the insect which seemed worthy of investigation. Little is known of the parasites of Thysanoptera in general, and I can find no record of any parasite of Aptinothrips.
Carbon steady-state model of the planktonic food web of Lake Biwa, Japan

Summary 1. A steady-state model of carbon flows was developed to describe the summer planktonic food web in the surface mixed-layer of the North Basin in Lake Biwa, Japan. This model synthesised results from numerous studies on the plankton of Lake Biwa. 2. An inverse analysis procedure was used to estimate missing flow values in a manner consistent with known information. Network analysis was applied to characterise emergent properties of the resulting food web. 3. The system strongly relied on flows related to detrital particles. Whereas primary production was mainly by phytoplankton >20 μm, microzooplankton were active and mainly ingested detritus and bacteria. 4. The main emergent property of the system was strong recycling, through either direct ingestion of non-living material by zooplankton, or ingestion of bacteria after degradation of detritus to release dissolved organic carbon.
A phylogeny of the European gentians inferred from chloroplast trnL (UAA) intron sequences

Phylogenetic relationships between the European species of the genus Gentiana L. (Gentianaceae) were inferred from chloroplast trnL (UAA) intron sequence data. The phylogeny obtained is largely in accordance with the classification of species into sections Gentiana, Megalanthe and Calathianae. Few synapomorphies support the branching of the main lineages and thus could suggest a rapid radiation following the colonization of Europe. Within section Gentiana, our results are highly congruent with the previous distinction of G. montserratii Vivant from G. lutea L. Section Megalanthe is divided into two well separated lineages, both of which comprise calcicole and calcifuge species. The 'star phylogeny' obtained in section Calathianae suggests that most of the taxa speciated almost simultaneously. Relative-rate tests between two lineages suggested that section Chondrophyllae displays higher mutation rates than the rest of the genus Gentiana and that cpDNA can violate assumptions of rate constancy at lower taxonomic level. (C) 1996 The Linnean Society of London.
Biodiversity of Pinus (Pinaceae) in Mexico: speciation and palaeo-endemism

Abstract Mexico, with 43 species ofPinusrecognized in the most recent revision for Flora Neotropica, is the richest centre of diversity for the genus. Other centres are California and south-east U.S.A. In comparison, Eurasian pine regions are less diverse. This biogeography, combined with the virtual absence of fossil evidence in Mexico, has led to the consensus thatPinusis a relative newcomer to the region and that ‘recent’ speciation accounts for its diversity. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that several of the oldest and most primitive members of the genus may have originated in this part of the continent and coexist with the species resulting from more recent radiation.
ANTESEDEN DARI REVISIT INTENTION DAN WORD OF MOUTH PADA LAYANAN OFTALMOLOGI DI JABODETABEK

Abstrak: Tujuan penellitian ini untuk menjembatani tiga jenis penelitian terdahulu untuk memberikan wawasan bagi konsumen ketika mereka membuat keputusan dalam hal pelayanan oftalmologi dengan tingkat persaingan tertentu, pada saat yang sama dapat digunakan untuk memahami anteseden dari revisit intention dan WOM yang berhubungan dengan patient satisfaction. Pengembangan model penelitian yang melibatkan perceived quality, price fairness dan patient satisfaction sebagai komponen yang dipengaruhi oleh kompetisi healthcare berdasarkan dari perspektif konsumen. Model ini divalidasi menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling di SmartPLS 3.2. 8. Sampel terdiri dari 251 responden dan pengumpulan sampel dilakukan dengan metode nonprobability sampling dan teknik purposif sampling. Model struktur menunjukkan bahwa variabel patient satisfaction mampu dijelaskan oleh variabel healthcare competition, perceived quality dan price fairness sebesar 71.3%. sementara itu variabel perceived quality mampu dijelaskan oleh variabel healthcare competition sebesar 66,1%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa model penelitian ini tergolong kuat. Selanjutnya dengan menggunakan analisis matriks IPMA, kualitas layanan di mana institusi dapat memberikan waktu yang efisien dan akurat merupakan faktor kunci dalam keputusan untuk revisit intention. Di sisi lain, item yang paling kuat dari membangun patient satisfaction dengan pengaruh pada WOM adalah di mana institusi perlu meningkatkan persaingan melalui melengkapi teknologi canggih dan memiliki dokter mata dengan reputasi yang tinggi. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan pada kategori yang berbeda pada layanan kesehatan oftalmologi.
Copper Uptake and Efflux in Gonyaulax tamarensis (Dinophyceae)

Gonyaulax tamarensis Lebour is a very copper-sensitive dinoflagellate, with a complex set of responses to elevated copper activities. Chronic copper exposure to sub-lethal copper activities causes initial rapid uptake within the first 15 minutes, then little or no uptake between 15 minutes and 24 hours. Copper uptake within 24 hours in dead cells is a log-linear function of copper activity, but 24 hour uptake in live cells increases slightly with decreasing copper activity. Another copper uptake period peaks between 2 and 5 days, and efflux occurs over three to four weeks. In approximately three weeks, cultures exposed to sub-lethal copper activities achieve a constant copper quota of approximately 1 fmol cell", which is equivalent to 3 x 10~ M copper
Respiratory rate extraction based on plethysmographic wave analysis

Respiratory rate (RR) is one of the vital parameters of a person’s health. In certain conditions such as patients with respiratory problems or heart who are in the treatment room, respiratory rate monitoring is carried out continuously. In health care centers such as hospitals, RR measurements use a bed side monitor. However, this device is not yet widely available in small scale health services such as Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) because this device is expensive. One alternative for RR extraction is through plethysmographic wave analysis measured using a photopletismograph (PPG) device. This is based on the hypothesis that breathing affects the dynamics of PPG wave amplitude modulation so that by extracting this information we can know the respiratory rate. PPG devices are widely available in small health services because of their low prices. Meanwhile, PPG is only used to measure heart rate and oxygen saturation. In this study, a method for extracting RR information is proposed by analyzing PPG waves. Two methods, namely empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and variational mode decomposition (VMD), are applied to obtain respiratory oscillation information. The aim is to get the most optimum method for RR extraction. The performance test of the two proposed methods was carried out through time-frequency domain transformation using Fast Fourier Transform. The method used in this study is expected to be applied to conventional PPG devices.
Enhancing Student Learning and Teacher Development: Does “Assessment for Learning” Matter?

This paper aims to report a case study of exploring the effect of “assessment for learning” on improving student learning and facilitating teachers’ professional development in the examination-oriented context of Hong Kong. By adopting Variation Theory of the Lesson Study approach, data were collected through pre- and post-tests, interviews with students and teacher participants and observation field-notes in order to help diagnose students’ learning difficulties and provide evidence for teachers to refine their teaching strategies to enhance students’ learning effectiveness. The students’ improvement in learning performance informed the teacher participants of the usefulness of ‘assessment for learning’ in the classroom.
Impact of the Crystal Phase of ZrO₂ on Charge Trapping Memtransistor as Synaptic Device for Neural Network Application

In this work, we investigated the effects of the crystal phase of ZrO<sub>2</sub> on charge trapping memtransistors (CTMTs) as synaptic devices for neural network applications. The ZrO<sub>2</sub> deposited through thermal (t-ZrO<sub>2</sub>) atomic layer deposition (ALD) and plasma (p-ZrO<sub>2</sub>) ALD were analyzed using an X-ray diffractometer, which indicated that the t-ZrO<sub>2</sub> consisted of pure cubic phase, whereas p-ZrO<sub>2</sub> consisted of both cubic and tetragonal phases. Through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, we then constructed the energy band diagram of the gate stacks. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \mathrm E_{C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of t- and p-ZrO<sub>2</sub> with respect to tunneling and blocking Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> were 1.84 and 1.19 eV respectively. Because of the relatively large <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \text{E}_{\mathrm{ C}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of t-ZrO<sub>2</sub>, the window of the flat band voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}_{\mathrm{ FB}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) shift extracted from charge trapping capacitors was enlarged by 591.9 mV more than the one using p-ZrO<sub>2</sub> as the charge trapping layer. Retention was also improved by 10.4% after <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> s in the t-ZrO<sub>2</sub> case. Finally, we fabricated the CTMTs with the gate stack of the t-ZrO<sub>2</sub> case and demonstrated their characteristics as synaptic devices. With the optimization of pulse schemes, we reduced the nonlinear factors of depression (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\alpha } _{\mathrm{ d}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and potentiation (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\alpha } _{\mathrm{ p}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) from −6.72 and 6.47 to 0.03 and 0.01 respectively, enlarged the ON/OFF ratio from 15.6 to 70.4 and increased the recognition accuracy from 27.6% to 86.5% simultaneously.
Body‐mass constraints on foraging behaviour determine population and food‐web dynamics

1. In community and population ecology, there is a chronic gap between the classic Eltonian ecology describing patterns in abundance and body mass across species and ecosystems and the more process oriented foraging ecology addressing interactions and quantitative population dynamics. However, this dichotomy is arbitrary, because body mass also determines most species traits affecting foraging interactions and population dynamics. 2. In this review, allometric (body-mass dependent) scaling of handling times and attack rates are documented, whereas body-mass effects on Hill exponents (varying between hyperbolic type II and sigmoid type III functional responses) and predator interference coefficients are lacking. This review describes how these allometric relationships define a biological plausible parameter space for population dynamic models. 3. Consistent with the classic Eltonian description, species co-existence in consumer-resource models and tri-trophic food chains is restricted to intermediate consumer-resource body-mass ratios. Allometric population dynamic models allow understanding the processes of energy limitation and unstable dynamics leading to this restriction. Complex food webs are stabilized by high predator-prey body-mass ratios, which are consistent with those found in natural ecosystems. These high body-mass ratios yield positive diversity-stability and complexity-stability relationships thus supporting the classic picture of ecosystem stability. 4. Allometric-trophic network models, based on body mass and trophic information from ecosystems, bridge the gap between Eltonian community patterns and process-oriented foraging ecology and provide a new means to describe the dynamics and functioning of natural ecosystems.
Proceedings of the Australian Physiological and Pharmacological Society Symposium: New Frontiers in Muscle Research Gene transfer: manipulating and monitoring function in cells and tissues

1. The ectopic expression of genes has proven to be an extremely valuable tool for biologists. The most widely used systems involve electrically or chemically mediated transfer of genes to immortalized cell lines and, at the other end of the spectrum, transgenic animal models. As would be expected, there are compromises to be made when using either of these broad approaches. Immortalized cell lines have limited ‘physiological relevance’ and transgenic approaches are costly and out of the reach of many laboratories. There is also significant time required for the de novo generation of a transgenic animal.
Dual Josephson Impedance Bridge: Towards a Universal Bridge for Impedance Metrology

This paper presents a full characterization of a Dual Josephson Impedance Bridge (DJIB) at frequencies up to 80 kHz by using the DJIB to compare the best available impedance standards that are (a) directly traceable to the quantum Hall effect, (b) used as part of international impedance comparisons, or (c) believed to have calculable frequency dependence. The heart of the system is a dual Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer (JAWS) source that offers unprecedented flexibility in high-precision impedance measurements. The JAWS sources allow a single bridge to compare impedances with arbitrary ratios and phase angles in the complex plane. The uncertainty budget shows that both the traditional METAS bridges and the DJIB have comparable uncertainties in the kilohertz range. This shows that the advantages of the DJIB, including the flexibility which allows the comparison of arbitrary impedances, the wide frequency range and the automated balancing procedure, are obtained without compromising the measurement uncertainties. These results demonstrate that this type of instrument can considerably simplify the realization and maintenance of the various impedance scales. In addition, the DJIB is a very sensitive tool for investigating the frequency-dependent systematic-errors that can occur in impedance construction and in the voltage provided by the JAWS source at frequencies greater than 10 kHz.
Adaptive Molecular Evolution of AKT3 Gene for Positive Diversifying Selection in Mammals

The V-Akt Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 3 (AKT3) gene is of the serine/threonine-protein kinase family and influences the production of milk fats and cholesterol by acting on the sterol administrative area restricting protein (SREBP). The AKT3 gene is highly preserved in animals, and during lactation in cattle, its expression increases. The AKT3 gene is expressed in the digestive system, mammary gland, and immune cells. A phylogenetic investigation was performed to clarify the evolutionary role of AKT3, by maximum probability. The AKT3 gene sequence data of various mammalian species was evident even with animals undergoing breeding selection. From 39 mammalian species studied, there was a signal of positive diversifying selection with Hominidae at 13Q, 16G, 23R, 24P, 121P, 294K, 327V, 376L, 397K, 445T, and 471F among other codon sites of the AKT3 gene. These sites were codes for amino acids such as arginine, proline, lysine, and leucine indicating major roles for the function of immunological proteins, and in particular, the study highlighted the importance of changes in gene expression of AKT3 on immunity.
Processes controlling movement, storage and export of phosphorus in a fen peatland

Field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine the mechanisms controlling P movement, storage, and export from a minerotrophic peatland (fen) in central Michigan that had demonstrated high P removal from nutrient additions. An annual P budget completed for the fen ecosystem revealed that plant uptake requirements were 7—9 kg · ha—1 · yr—1, but 35% of aboveground P uptake by plants was returned to the peatland surface via litterfall. Permanent storage of organic P in peat ranged between 2 and 5 kg · ha—1 · yr—1 under natural levels of P input. Both microbial uptake and soil exchange capacity controlled the amount of P made available for plant growth. Fertilizer additions of 5.5 kg · ha—1 · yr—1 of P and 17 kg · ha—1 · yr—1 of N in the fen resulted in no significant (P < .05) increase in growth or nutrient uptake by emergent macrophytes as the litter—microorganism compartment (LMC) retained up to 84% of the added P in year 1. A doubling of the P fertilization level resulted in an LMC retention of .
Carrier Flotation of Low-Rank Coal with Polystyrene

The problem of low-rank coal flotation continues to be a challenge due to the poor hydrophobicity and abundant oxygenated functional groups on particle surfaces. In this study, carrier flotation was used to improve the flotation performance of low-rank coal with polystyrene as a carrier material. Kerosene was used as a collector and played a role in the adhesion of fine low-rank coal to polystyrene due to its hydrophobic properties. The carrier feature of polystyrene was demonstrated by Turbiscan Lab Expert stability analysis and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The flotation experiments revealed that the optimum conditions were: collector dosage 5000 g/t, pulp concentration 40 g/L, and the ratio of low-rank coal to polystyrene 100:10. Under these conditions, the combustible recovery by carrier flotation was obtained as 70.59% when the ash content was 12.32%, which increased by 25.68 points compared with the combustible recovery of conventional flotation under almost the same ash content. The fine coal particles coated the coarse polystyrene particles through hydrophobic interactions between the polystyrene and hydrocarbon chains of the kerosene adsorbed on coal particles. The results suggested that the flotation performance of low-rank coal was significantly improved by carrier flotation with polystyrene, especially for fine particles.