Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coaching as a strategy for the health promotion of the elderly: a systematic review

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect of the application of coaching on the health promotion of the elderly. Method: A systematic review was performed in the PubMed, MEDLINE and SciELO databases. The selection of articles followed the PRISMA guidelines, and the articles were published from 2008 to July 2018. The following descriptors were used: aged (idoso, anciano), elderly (idoso, anciano), coaching (tutoria, tutoría), mentoring (tutoria, tutoría) and health promotion (promoção da saúde, promoción de la salud). Boolean operators were used for all databases: (coaching OR mentoring) AND (health promotion) AND (aged OR elderly); (idoso) AND (tutoria OR coaching) AND (promoção da saúde); (anciano) AND (tutoría OR coaching) AND (promoción de la salud). Results: The final analysis included three articles. These evaluated coaching tools for changes in lifestyle and the reduction of health risks for the elderly. The results were positive, with a significant improvement in the quality of life (mental and physical), health status, goal attainment, self-efficacy and increased immunization of the evaluated elderly persons. Conclusion: The use of coaching in health promotion in elderly is still incipient, however, based on the results, health coaching proved to be an effective strategy to enable the elderly to reach the maximum potential of self-management in health.
Is Earlier Better? Investigating Sensitive Periods for Musical Training in School-Aged Children

Sensitive periods for musical training have been proposed, such that starting lessons in earlier childhood predicts better rhythm and melody skills in adult musicians. The goal of this thesis was to evaluate the effects of age of start (AoS) in musically trained children. We assessed whether children with an early AoS showed advantages over those who began later, with equivalent training. An inherent psychometric challenge with children is controlling for maturation. We started with tasks developed in our lab for adults, adapted them for school-aged children, and administered them to 213 children with and without music training. We calculated age-based scores, and estimated reliability and validity (Study 1). We then used age-based scores to assess contributions of AoS, training, and cognitive abilities to performance (Study 2). In Study 1, the children’s Rhythm Synchronization Task (c-RST) and Melody Discrimination Task (c-MDT) were found to have adequate convergent validity with adult analogues. Further, musically-trained children outperformed those without training, replicating findings of a ‘musician advantage’ for auditory tasks. The effect of age on task performance was largest for the c-RST, which poses the highest demands on auditory-motor integration. In Study 2, we investigated the influence of AoS on task performance at three cutoffs (AoS of 5, 6, and 7). We controlled for music training and other variables that predict musical engagement and task performance. We found a statistically significant effect of AoS and global cognitive ability, but only for the easiest task condition, Simple Melody discrimination. No AoS effects were found for the more difficult Transposed Melody discrimination, or for the c-RST, and these two were independently predicted by auditory-verbal working memory. Taken together, our results support a multidimensional model of musical task performance in childhood that includes the interaction of developmental, training-related and cognitive factors. The knowledge gained in this thesis may facilitate the application of musical training to other cognitive domains including language. Music and language share neural substrates and develop according to similar principles. The underlying mechanisms of language and music, and potential applications of our tasks to research on transfer effects, are discussed.
A Cross-Comparison Study of Reentry Intervention and Support for Engagement: Findings on Youth With Disabilities

This article presents the findings of a 2-year-long quasi-experimental study of post-release engagement and recidivism for youth with disabilities. The effects of specialized Reentry Intervention and Support for Engagement (RISE) for youth with disabilities were compared with two other groups: (a) youth with disabilities who received traditional special education services, and (b) youth without disabilities who received traditional general education services in a juvenile correctional facility. Regardless of group, participants who were engaged in the community 30 days post-release were more likely to be engaged at 120 days and less likely to recidivate than nonengaged participants. However, compared with the two other groups, participants who received RISE services were more likely to be engaged in the community at 120 days post-release and have significantly lower rates of recidivism. We conclude our study by examining limitations, suggestions, implications for practice and policy, and future research.
Managers' positive gossip makes subordinates feeling better

Every story has two sides, so does gossip. Unlike prior studies which condemn gossip, our research analyses whether managers’ gossip benefits subordinates. Our view is, positive gossip contains positive meaning, implying a sense of positiveness and recognition. Based on the commitment theory, we hypothesize that managers’ positive gossip acts as commitment facilitator, providing a sense of recognition to subordinates, and that subordinates appreciate such recognition by showing commitment towards their managers. To collect research data, anonymous questionnaires are distributed to 117 managers and 201 subordinates from five industries in Taiwan. Research hypotheses are examined via bootstrapping and structural equation modelling techniques. Research findings first affirm the aforementioned hypotheses. Due to the influence of commitment, subordinates perceive more well-being, team empowerment and job embeddedness. Interestingly, managers’ negative gossip does not decrease or increase subordinates’ commitment towards managers. Our research is the first of its kind to investigate why managers’ gossip acts as commitment facilitator, with statistical analysis and explanation. Research findings have contributed to the literature by explaining gossip valence and its implication on subordinates. Such knowledge also helps to search for continuous improvement of employee performance and reduce the bias associated with workplace gossip.
International Students’ Acculturation and Attitudes towards Americans as a Function of Communication and Relational Solidarity with Their Most Frequent American Contact

ABSTRACT Guided by frameworks of intergroup contact and the Common Ingroup Identity Model, this study examined international students’ (N = 233) communication with their most frequent U.S. contact and attitudes towards Americans. Results revealed significant positive indirect effects of contact quantity and quality on affective and behavioural attitudes towards Americans through sequential mediators of relational solidarity with the contact and identification with U.S. culture. Indirect effects of contact measures on both attitudes were significant through identification with U.S. culture as a single mediator. The direct effect of contact quality on behavioural attitudes was also significant.
Factors Affecting the Acceptance of Electronic Books by the Readers

Purpose: One of the main questions about the future of print and electronic books is whether the second will replace the first. Although the electronic book was first introduced to the public in 1971, the trend of reading e-books did not gain popularity until the previous decade. The recent introduction of e-book devices has drastically changed the way people access and use the reading content. Therefore, in the present study, the electronic book is examined not only as an innovative technological product, but also as a cultural commodity. More specifically, the present study aims to develop and empirically test a conceptual framework (research model) that sheds fresh light on the factors that affect e-book adoption by the readers. Design/methodology/approach: The examination of the proposed conceptual framework was made with the use of a newly-developed structured questionnaire that was distributed to book readers residing in three EU countries. In particular, the participants of the survey were citizens from Austria, France and Greece. The study includes nine research factors. Some of them are dependent (e.g., "perceived usefulness", "perceived ease of use", "perceived trust"), while the two main dependent factors of this study are "attitude towards use" and "behavioural intention". The empirical data were analysed using the "Structural Equation Modelling" (SEM) technique. Findings: Empirical results revealed that the factors that have the most significant impact on e-book acceptance, both directly and/or indirectly, are three: "compatibility with the preferred way of reading", "ease of use" and "attitude towards use". Also, the results highlighted interesting differences between the three countries of the sample. Research limitations: A limitation stemming from the implemented methodology is the use of self-reported scales in order to measure the constructs of the proposed model. Also, the paper lacks a longitudinal approach, since it provides a static picture of e-book acceptance (first quarter of 2019). Originality/value: It is of great significance that everyone who has a stake in the adoption of e-books by the readers, understands which factors are the most significant. In that way, the publishing houses, the e-reader manufacturers and the software developers, will be able to approach their consumers more effectively. The present study offers guidelines to these organisations, thus enhancing their understanding about the perceptions of their customers. Moreover, the present study is conducted on a European level (sample from three EU countries), something that has never been attempted before in the relevant literature.
The Contribution of Islam to Entrepreneurial Activity in Cameroon

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Islam on entrepreneurial initiative in Cameroon. In order to achieve this objective, the authors used data collected from 504 individuals in Douala and Yaoundé cities by the Laboratory for Research in Fundamental and Applied Economics (LAREFA) of the University of Dschang. Using the binary probit model and the bivariate probit model, the following results were obtained: 1) although not significant, the probability for a Muslim to start his own business decreases by 0.8% as compared to individuals of other religious denominations; 2) although not also significant, for an entrepreneur (or manager) to be a Muslim increases by about 8% his probability to become a well-established entrepreneur (or manager). The Contribution of Islam to Entrepreneurial Activity in Cameroon
Virologic diagnosis of influenza: detection of infection and assessment of immunity1)

Abstract A variety of methods are available for virological diagnosis and immunity assessment of influenza. For virus detection, the clinical specimen is usually the respiratory swab. In terms of sensitivity, nasopharyngeal aspirates are superior and sputum specimens are inferior. The diagnostic method of choice is RT-PCR of viral DNA sequences coding for matrix and nucleoprotein, which define influenza virus types A, B, C, or coding for hemagglutinin and neuraminidase spikes on the viral envelope identifying influenza virus A subtypes and strains. Genespecific primer probes are commercially available. PCR takes 1–2 h after the arrival of the clinical specimen. Cell culture based virus isolation combined with intracellular antigen detection needs 1–2 days, but is regarded as gold standard. Transport of the swabs in an ice chest is recommendable. Direct antigen detection in the clinical specimen by the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or immunofluorescence test (IFT) is the most rapid (bedside) method, but of inferior sensitivity. Therapy resistance analysis is done by genotyping subsequent to PCR amplification or by the cell culture method (phenotyping). Antibodies due to influenza virus are produced during the second week after infection and may confirm or disprove virological diagnosis. ELISA and IFT apply nucleoprotein or matrix proteins as antigens and differentiate between the Ig classes IgA (IgM) and IgG indicating an acute or passed infection. Complement fixing antibodies do not persist. Influenza virus immunity is assessed by neutralization assay or – more simply – by hemagglutination inhibition in a type-, subtype- and even variantspecific manner.
Analysis and Prediction of Satisfaction Index of Online Learning

In the process of learning with the help of online platform, students’ learning satisfaction is an important factor that constitutes the effect of online teaching. On the basis of the existing research, this study proposes three factors, namely, cognitive level, technological environment and social environment, to constitute online learning satisfaction. At the same time, through statistical analysis, the key factors affecting learning satisfaction are sorted out, the selection model of identifying the key factors affecting learning satisfaction is established, and online learning satisfaction is fitted by prediction. The study shows that self-efficacy evaluation, teaching support evaluation, platform use evaluation and student-teacher interaction evaluation have a great impact on students’ learning satisfaction in the process of online learning. At the same time, the 93% prediction accuracy of the prediction model based on the above-mentioned research can be achieved. In addition, this paper also puts forward suggestions on how to strengthen and improve learning satisfaction.
Audit of fidelity of implementation of the Older prisoner Health and Social Care Assessment and Plan (OHSCAP)

ABSTRACT Numbers of older prisoners have been increasing in recent years and there is no national strategy addressing their care. Older prisoners have more physical health needs, complex social care needs and high rates of mental disorder compared with younger prisoners. These needs are often not identified or addressed. We developed the Older prisoner Health and Social Care Assessment and Plan (OHSCAP), a structured approach for identifying and managing the health and social care needs of older prisoners. It consists of an assessment, care plan and review of needs. The current study aims to establish the fidelity of implementation of the OHSCAP as part of a larger RCT. Compliance with training and the manual, identification of needs and quality of care planning were all audited. Results showed that the OHSCAP was not implemented as intended. Identified needs were not consistently translated into care plan actions. There was little evidence to suggest prisoner involvement in the care planning process. Clear difficulties in collaborative working were also idenfified. Implications with respect to effectively embedding complex interventions within prisons, along with wider policy related issues affecting the entire prison estate are discussed.
Developmental Implications of Children’s Early Religious and Spiritual Experiences in Context: A Sociocultural Perspective

Religious and spiritual experiences have implications for many aspects of development across the lifespan, including during early childhood. A focus on religion and spirituality expands beyond a discrete domain of social science (e.g., cognitive development) and involves developmental, social-psychological, affective and emotional phenomena, and personality. This conceptual paper contributes to the literature regarding the understudied role of religion and spirituality in the lives of young children and their families in order to contribute to a comprehensive study of human development. After a concise review of the literature on religious development, this paper draws from the sociocultural perspective and illustrative examples of lived experiences to frame young children’s religious participation and gives particular consideration to religious minorities. While the sociocultural perspective captures the range of children’s experiences, this manuscript introduces the understudied role of emotion as a motivator for children’s selection of experiences. The paper concludes with implications for practitioners and suggestions for future research, practice, and policy.
The spontaneous order of creativity Brain, complexity and evolution

Creativity is crucial for innovation, technological progress and social change. It reinforces individual coping and self-assertion skills, thanks to its strong adaptive function. Even though there is substantial agreement that individual creativity (an expression of structure and well-defined brain processes) determines the creative potential of society, both brain and creativity are studied from very different perspectives. In fact, if the human brain is the object of investigation of the hard sciences on the part of neuroscientists, creativity is usually studied by social and behavioral scientists. Over time, this fact has made it difficult to create research programs that combine both approaches, although efforts have been made to link the two topics in recent years, exploring the advantages of a transdisciplinary approach. In this paper, we shall try to show that it is necessary to clarify the biological basis of creativity in order to establish some of the fundamental connections between invention, IC technology innovation, improvisation and the unconscious archaic structures that guide us in many aspects of our daily behavior.
Teaching virtues through literature: learning from the ‘Narnian Virtues’ character education research

ABSTRACT Character education through curriculum subjects has taken increasing political importance in England after its inclusion in the school inspection framework. Here we present a pedagogical approach to developing virtue literacy through English Literature. As part of a longitudinal, mixed-methods research project, this article uses empirical evidence from interviews with 26 students to identify and discuss the processes students used in the development of virtue literacy. The authors argue that the study of literature has a unique and valuable place in helping students develop virtue, and present areas for development in literature-based character education in the future.
Uncertain identities of non-higher-education-based EFL teacher educators: a third space theory perspective

ABSTRACT Although research on teacher educators’ identities has received increasing attention in recent years, non-higher-education-based teacher educators’ professional identities are still under-researched. Informed by the third space theory perspective, this paper presents a study that investigated 139 non-higher-education-based English as a foreign language (EFL) teacher educators’ identities through the lens of metaphors. An analysis of the metaphors revealed four types of identities, namely, the willing communicators, the discontented jack-of-all-trades and master of none, the struggling professional leaders, as well as the caring supporters. These terms capture the participants’ self-images and specify their obligations and responsibilities as teacher educators. The paper concludes with some implications for teacher educators’ preparation and continuing development.
Variations of [ɾ] in Dagbani female names

Abstract The article examines the sociolinguistic variations of the alveolar tap [ɾ] in Dagbani female names, a Gur language spoken in the northern part of Ghana. It focuses on how the language is losing the pronunciation of the alveolar lateral /l/ in some female names through sound substitution. The sound [ɾ] does not occur in word-initial position in Dagbani, but it is currently prominent in the pronunciation of some Dagbani female names. The article shows that the pronunciation of the alveolar tap [ɾ] in Dagbani speech communities provides the complexity of linguistic variation and language change. It also reveals that while the alveolar lateral /l/ variety is the prestigious form in Dagbani, the alveolar tap [ɾ] variety is spreading due to the Arabic education in the area. The article supports the Labovian paradigm and presents quantitative analysis of the data. The article suggests that the alveolar tap [ɾ] is frequent in the speech of the younger generation, while the alveolar lateral /l/ is frequent in the speech of the older generation.
The Autobiography of intercultural encounters: mixed results amongst Canadian adolescents

ABSTRACT Reflecting upon their intercultural experiences, with a tool like the Autobiography of intercultural encounters, may help adolescents become better interculturalists. This research investigates how the use of the Autobiography may allow adolescents develop intercultural competence (IC). Using Byram’s framework on which this tool is designed, I analysed, both in terms of IC and participants’ feelings, the Autobiographies of 20 adolescents participating in a Canadian linguistic student exchange. Analysis revealed a presence of elements of IC, but rather superficially. I propose some improvements so that adolescents engage in deeper reflection and become better interculturalists.
Applied anatomy of extended middle fossa extradural transpetrosal approach to petroclival region

Objective: To study the operative technique for extended middle fossa extradural transpetrosal approach to petroclival region and to provide correspondingly anatomical basis. Methods: A microsurgical study was performed in fifteen cadaveric adult head specimens. Exposure and dissection were undergone on petroclival region and its surrounding structures using an extended middle fossa extradural transpetrosal approach. Results: ① The greater superficial petrosal nerve was an important landmark in drilling petrous bone. Backing it we can find out the intrapetrous carotid artery (ICA), cochlear and geniculate ganglion (GG); ② Extended middle fossa extradural transpetrosal approach offered appropriate exposure of the petroclival region from dorsum sellae to pontomedullary sulcus. Conclusions: ① The greater superficial petrosal nerve provides guarantee that drilling petrous bone is safe; ② This surgical approach has good exposure and minimal neurovascular structures damage and is especially suitable for the lesions that extend into the middle and posterior fossa.
Emotions and war on YouTube: affective investments in RT’s visual narratives of the conflict in Syria

Abstract Recent scholarship claims that narratives and images of war have political effects, not simply because of their content and ‘form’, but because of their affective and emotional ‘forces’. Yet, International Relations scholars rarely explore how audiences respond to narratives and images of war in their research. Addressing this gap, this paper combines discourse analysis of RT (formerly Russia Today) ‘breaking news’ YouTube videos of Russian military intervention in Syria with analysis of 750 comments and social media interactions on those videos. Our findings demonstrate how RT layers moral and legal justifications for Russian intervention in multiple audio-visual formats, within a visual narrative of the conflict that relies on affective representations of key actors and events. Viewers largely approve of the content, replicate its core narratives and express emotions coherent with RT’s affective representation of the Syrian conflict. Audiences’ responses to these narratives and images of war were shaped by their affective investments in the identities and events portrayed on-screen. These affective investments are therefore crucial in understanding the political significance of images of armed conflict.