Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do people think consciousness poses a hard problem? Empirical evidence on the meta-problem of consciousness

In a recent paper in this journal, David Chalmers introduced the meta-problem of consciousness as “the problem of explaining why we think consciousness poses a hard problem” (Chalmers, 2018, p. 6). A solution to the meta-problem could shed light on the hard problem of consciousness. In particular, it would be relevant to elucidate whether people’s problem intuitions (i.e. intuitions holding that conscious experience cannot be reduced to physical processes) are driven by factors related to the nature of consciousness, or rather by factors that are independent of consciousness. Whether people hold problem intuitions, and what factors drive those intuitions, are largely empirical questions. However, there is a lack of empirical research on these issues to date. The results of four studies will show that (1) problem intuitions are not widespread, and (2) when they arise, they do so because of factors that are unrelated to the nature of consciousness. This suggests that consciousness is, after all, not so problematic. The meta-problem of consciousness The hard problem of consciousness is the problem of explaining how and why physical processes give rise to subjective conscious experience (Chalmers, 1995). The hard problem
Assessment of Delirium as an Independent Predictor of Outcome among Critically Ill Patients in Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Study

Abstract Background Delirium is frequently observed among critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. Although a preventable and reversible process, it is associated with greater morbidity and mortality. Early recognition and interpreting the predisposing and precipitating risk factors for delirium can improve outcomes among these patients. Objective A prospective observational study was conducted with the primary objective to evaluate the incidence of delirium in a mixed adult intensive care unit. The secondary objectives were the evaluation of risk factors and outcomes of delirium. Methods All patients who were more than 18 years of age and with an ICU stay of more than 24 hours were included in the study. Patients with prior history of neurological disorders, psychosis, and who were deaf were excluded. Eligible patients were evaluated by the residents to detect delirium using confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU) as a tool. Results A total of 110 patients were included, and delirium was detected in 41 patients (37.3%). Among the predisposing risk factors, only hypertension was significantly associated with delirium. Among precipitating factors, mechanical ventilation, use of physical restraints and presence of window/natural light exposure, high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores, use of opioids, and benzodiazepines were associated with delirium. In multivariate risk regression analysis, presence of window/natural light exposure [odds ratio (OR), 55.52; 95% CI (8.887–346.904)]; (p <0.001) and duration of stay in ICU OR (1.145); 95% CI (1.058–1.238) (p = 0.001) were independent risk factors of delirium. Also, high mortality (53.7%) was observed among the delirious group of patients. Conclusion Delirium is a common problem in the ICU and is associated with poor outcomes. Various risk factors are linked to ICU environment. How to cite this article Junior MM, Kumar A, Kumar P, Gupta P. Assessment of Delirium as an Independent Predictor of Outcome among Critically Ill Patients in Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(6):676–681.
Isolation and identification of Brucella suis biovar 1 in pork samples (sus scrofa) from the municipality of Cachoeira do Arari, State of Para-Brazil

This work aimed to study the microorganisms present in lesions found in swine from the municipality of Cachoeira do Arari (Ilha do Marajó), sold at the Ver-o-Peso fair in Belém do Pará; were carried out the isolation, nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic inference of the collected material. There was positive growth on brain-heart broth and blood agar and no growth on MacConkey agar. In the gram staining, grouped gram negative cocci were observed, and in the Modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, grouped cocci stained in red were observed. These growth characteristics, as well as the observed microscopic results, were suggestive and similar to bacteria belonging to the genus Brucella sp. After a result suggestive of Brucella spp, the sample was sent for DNA extraction, nucleotide sequencing. Brucella suis biovar 1 was identified; with subsequent assembly of the phylogenetic tree. In addition to the sanitary issue, clandestine slaughter also involves the environmental issue, as it is usually carried out in places close to rivers or streams to facilitate the capture of water. The identification of bacteria with morphological characteristics similar to the Brucella genus of the swine abscess observed in this study confirms that the animal had swine brucellosis and that clandestine slaughterhouses can be important means of infection and dissemination of Research, Society and Development, v. 11, n. 4, e20811426351, 2022 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.33448/rsd-v11i4.26351 2 these agents, if not have verification that guarantee the use sanitary surveillance measures of quality that come prevent this type of practice and the sale of the product for human consumption.
What should we do about Coronary Calcification on Thoracic CT? Was tun bei Koronarverkalkung in der Thorax-CT?

Purpose Coronary artery calcification is a frequent incidental finding on thoracic computed tomography risk factors and guide the appropriate use of preventative medications. Conclusion Future research will address whether changing management based on calcification on thoracic CT will improve outcomes and automated assessment of calcification using machine learning techniques. Several cohort studies have assessed the frequency and prognostic implications of incidental calcification in the coronary arteries in patients having non-ECG-gated thoracic CT for non-cardiac indications ( ▶ Table2 ). The prevalence of calcification in the coronary arteries on thoracic CT is driven by the indication for imaging and the age of the population being studied, and it varies between 26% and 93% [26 – 31]. In all studies performed to date coronary artery calcification on thoracic CT is associated with subsequent cardiovascular outcomes or mortality, often over and above other risk factors or other underlying diseases. cancer assessment
Design of Hybrid Fuzzy Pid Controller for Dc Servo Motor Part 2: The hybrid fuzzy PID controller applied for a DC motor

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT: The controlling speed for DC motors, especially in industry, is always associated with the production technology process and it greatly determines the quality of the products. Depending on the nature and requirements of the process, it requires appropriate control methods. This paper given a designs of speed controlling for a DC servo system based on a newly developed fuzzy system, which is very powerful and has brought about many unexpected achievements in the field of fuzzy logic control. The basic advantage of fuzzy control over classical control methods is that it is possible to synthesize the controller without knowing the exact characteristics of the object in advance. In fact, in order to make full use of the advantages of each type of fuzzy controller and classical controller, people often use systems that combine two types of traditional and fuzzy controllers to create a controller which is the new fuzzy controller. In this paper, we present the hybrid fuzzy PID controller for controlling the speed of DC servo motors. To achieve the goal we organize into 3 main contents as follows: Part 1: Design of hybrid fuzzy PID controller; Part 2: The hybrid fuzzy pid controller for a dc motor; Part 3: The simulation of the hybrid fuzzy pid controller for dc servo motor.
CLAMBAKE: Certified, Long-term Anonymous, Multi-user Building Access with zero-Knowledge Encryption

We present a new scheme for establishing both secure and anonymous building access. By combining cryptographic techniques including broadcast encryption and garbled circuits, we develop a new model for anonymous communication in which the knowledge-restriction protocol replaces the multi-receiver, honest majority requirement of other secure multi-party schemes. The resulting advantages include a scheme that is robust and secure to unauthorized and dishonest parties, anonymous to the authorized user, adaptable to online changes
Renovated 32 Bit ALU Using Hybrid Techniques

: In this modern world to increasing the demand for enhancing the ability of processors, is a challenging one. The most preferred module of a CPU is ALU which executes the mathematical and digital transactions. This multi-roled ALU circuit can conditionally perform various functions depending on control inputs. In this project, by using Efficient Vedic mathematics and refurbished approximate adder to form a 32 bit Efficient ALU. The major target of this works is to get Efficient ALU by reducing the area, power, and delay. So here used unique and earliest techniques of Vedic mathematics and which is also modified and to form Efficient Vedic multiplier. This efficient Vedic multiplier eliminates the unwanted steps and remaining procedures used by CSA. It reduces the hardware complexity of speed and area, it leads to decreasing the propagation delay in the chip. Approximate carry look-head adder contributes better delay and power reduction compared to other approximate adders. Delay, power, area of this proposed method of paper calculated by using Xilinx 14.7
Multiscale molecular simulations of the formation and structure of polyamide membranes created by interfacial polymerization

Large scale molecular simulations to model the formation of polyamide membranes have been carried out using a procedure that mimics experimental interfacial polymerization of trimesoyl chloride (TMC) and metaphenylene diamine (MPD) monomers. A coarse-grained representation of the monomers has been developed to facilitate these simulations, which captures essential features of the stereochemistry of the monomers and of amide bonding between them. Atomic models of the membranes are recreated from the final coarse-grained
Structural Analysis of Lower Limb Exoskeleton During Walking

The requisite of exoskeletons are expanding gradually in the field of medical rehabilitation which is mainly due to musculoskeletal disorders, spinal cord injuries, paresis, and military applications and as a consequence of accidents. Numerous researches and many new type of exoskeletons have come to the market that are benefiting the users in one or the other way. The foremost intent of this study is to analyze the static-stress through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) which can withstand and work in accordance with the human weight. To analyze the lower limb exoskeleton model, Ansys® is used, wherein von mises stress analysis is accomplished. Three type of materials are used for the analysis purpose to achieve a superior outcome. Keywords—exoskeletons, finite element analysis, von mises stress analysis
Automatic Data Acquisition of the Power Line Inspection Using autonomous UAV's on Simulated Environment

1 Abstract —Due to the growing need for electricity, the effective inspection of the power lines is becoming an important matter. In this paper, The author presents the inspection of power or transmission line with autonomous automatic UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles). For the comprehensive inspection of power lines and its different components, such as (cross arms, cracks in poles, rot damage, and insulator burn), It is needed to inspect from every side of the elements and the masts. So, the angle and speed of the drone are much more important to take images while moving around the poles. The simulator used for the experiments, including with the deep learning models,which acts as a vital source of data analysis. At the same time, the pictures used as the primary data source. Through the Deep learning method, a suggestion of action generated for the movement around the masts. The use of a simulator is a quick, accurate, and inexpensive solution, with less real/world factors affecting the inspection process, such as weather, time, and cost of using a large number of different resources. This study presents experiments with lightweight deep learning models through developing the prototype of vision based unmanned aerial vehicle to inspect the power line in a simulated environment. It focuses the large demand of power companies to inspect the power line autonomously with the inﬂuence of deep learning. Finally, Several deep learning models are compared when inspection along the power lines. The model shows satisfactory results in the testing path. The model trained by the MobileNetV2 performs best among all other models.
Constructal Design of Heat Exchangers: A Review

A substantial amount of research has been done for improving heat exchangers efficiency by electronic equipment, heating, and air conditions systems, and space vehicles, which were widely employed by domestic applications including thermal power systems, industrial, and transportations. Due to its wide use, its efficiency would therefore be increased and leading to a decrease in the materials, cost, and space remarkably. Constructal design can be applied to different systems of heat transfer such as the electronic package that can be designed optimally with the implementation of the constructal law. As a result, the goal of this work is to conduct a review of recent advancements and their potential for enhancing heat exchanger thermal performance with the aid of constructal design theory. The most recent state-of-the-art developments are thoroughly described, together with their evaluating parameters, and some recommendations for additional research in this field are provided.
PERT: A New Solution to Pinyin to Character Conversion Task

Pinyin to Character conversion (P2C) task is the key task of Input Method Engine (IME) in commercial input software for Asian lan-guages, such as Chinese, Japanese, Thai language and so on. It’s usually treated as sequence labelling task and resolved by language model, i.e. n-gram or RNN. However, the low capacity of the n-gram or RNN limits its performance. This paper introduces a new solution named PERT which stands for bidirectional P inyin E ncoder R epresentations from T ransformers. It achieves signiﬁcant improvement of performance over baselines. Fur-thermore, we combine PERT with n-gram under a Markov framework, and improve performance further. Lastly, the external lexicon is incorporated into PERT so as to resolve the OOD issue of IME.
Review of Mechanisms and Treatment of Cancer-Induced Cardiac Cachexia

Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial, paraneoplastic syndrome that impacts roughly half of all cancer patients. It can negatively impact patient quality of life and prognosis by causing physical impairment, reducing chemotherapy tolerance, and precluding them as surgical candidates. While there is substantial research on cancer-induced skeletal muscle cachexia, there are comparatively fewer studies and therapies regarding cardiac cachexia in the setting of malignancy. A literature review was performed using the PubMed database to identify original articles pertaining to cancer-induced cardiac cachexia, including its mechanisms and potential therapeutic modalities. Seventy studies were identified by two independent reviewers based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. While there are multiple studies addressing the pathophysiology of cardiac-induced cancer cachexia, there are no studies evaluating therapeutic options in the clinical setting. Many treatment modalities including nutrition, heart failure medication, cancer drugs, exercise, and gene therapy have been explored in in vitro and mice models with varying degrees of success. While these may be beneficial in cancer patients, further prospective studies specifically focusing on the assessment and treatment of the cardiac component of cachexia are needed.
Medical students’ crisis-induced stress and the association with social support

Background: Medical schools are challenged to guard student wellbeing due to the potential negative impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on top of the already high prevalence of mental distress. Whereas social support is generally associated with less crisis-induced stress, it is unknown whether this applies to medical students during the COVID-19 outbreak. Objectives: The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on perceived stress of medical students was assessed by comparing their perceived stress levels during the outbreak to both their own baseline and the previous cohort's pre-COVID-19 stress levels. Then, the association between social support and COVID-19 induced stress was assessed. Methods: Dutch Year-1 medical students of cohort 2019 (n=99) completed the 14-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) at two time points: baseline (pre-COVID-19) and final measurement (COVID-19). Social support - emotional-informational support and club membership - was assessed during the final measurement. PSS and social support scores were compared to similar measurements of cohort 2018 (n=196). Students' baseline stress levels, gender and study performance were controlled for when comparing two cohorts. Results: Stress levels did not differ statistically significant between both pre-COVID-19 measurements of cohort 2018 and baseline cohort 2019. During the COVID-19 outbreak, cohort 2019 showed significantly higher stress levels compared to baseline (paired t-test: t=6.07, p<.001) and compared to cohort 2018 (linear regression: B=4.186, p<.001). Only during the COVID-19 outbreak, higher levels of social support - i.e. emotional-informational support (B=-0.75, p<.001) and club membership (B=-3.68, p<.01) - were associated with lower levels of stress. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 outbreak, the perceived stress of medical students was higher - especially for students with lower levels of social support. Our results suggest that medical schools should optimize social support to minimize crisis-induced stress.
Cook with Different Pots, but Similar Taste? Comparison of Phase Angle Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis According to Device Type and Examination Posture

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is gaining popularity as a tool for body composition assessment. Although BIA has been studied and validated in different populations, age groups, and clinical settings, including critically ill patients, there are concerns about BIA reproducibility and reliability for different device types and postures. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of BIA using different devices, postures, and lead types. Cross-sectional observational data were collected from 74 healthy volunteers (32 women, 42 men). We used two types of devices, three types of postures (standing, sitting, and lying), and two lead types (clamp lead and adhesive lead) to measure the whole-body phase angle (phA) at a single frequency of 50 kHz. The measurements were validated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman plot analysis. All phA measurements recorded using the two types of devices, three different postures, and two types of leads were equivalent (mean ICC = 0.9932, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9905–0.0053, p < 0.001). The average mean difference in phA was 0.31 (95% CI 0.16–0.46). The largest phA value was measured using BWA with an adhesive-type lead in the supine position. There were no differences between the standing and sitting positions. We compared the consistency and reliability of phA using two devices, two lead types, and three postures. Seven different phA were interchangeable in healthy volunteers.
Targeted Memory Reactivation During REM Sleep in Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder

Background Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by a significant amount of fear when confronted to social situations. Exposure therapy, which is based on fear extinction, does not often lead to full remission. Here, based on evidence showing that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep promotes the consolidation of extinction memory, we used targeted memory reactivation (TMR) during REM sleep to enhance extinction learning in SAD. Methods Forty-eight subjects with SAD were randomly assigned to two groups: control or TMR group. All patients had two successive exposure therapy sessions in a virtual reality (VR) environment, where they were asked to give a public talk in front of a virtual jury. At the end of each session, and only in the TMR group (N = 24), a sound was paired to the positive feedback phase of therapy (i.e., approval of their performance), which represented the memory to be strengthened during REM sleep. All participants slept at home with a wearable headband device which automatically identified sleep stages and administered the sound during REM sleep. Participants' anxiety level was assessed using measures of parasympathetic (root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats, RMSSD) and sympathetic (non-specific skin conductance responses, ns-SCRs) activity, and subjective measures (Subjective Units of Distress Scale, SUDS), during the preparation phase of their talks before (T1) and after (T2) one full-night's sleep and after 1 week at home (T3). Participants also filled in a dream diary. Results We observed an effect of time on subjective measures of anxiety (SUDS). We did not find any difference in the anxiety levels of the two groups after 1 week of TMR at home. Importantly, the longer the total duration of REM sleep and the more stimulations the TMR group had at home, the less anxious (increased RMSSD) these participants were. Finally, fear in dreams correlated positively with ns-SCRs and SUDS at T3 in the TMR group. Conclusion TMR during REM sleep did not significantly modulate the beneficial effect of therapy on subjective anxiety. Yet, our results support that REM sleep can contribute to extinction processes and substantiate strong links between emotions in dreams and waking stress levels in these patients.