Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antioxidative Properties of Different Solvent Extracts from Persimmon (Diospyros kaki cv. Fuyu) Flower-Buds

After preparation of acetone, ethanol, methanol, and water extracts (10 g/300 mL) of dried persimmon (Diospyros kaki cv. Fuyu) flower-buds, total phenolic contents (TPC), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (RSA), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) RSA, reducing power (RP), and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the extracts were evaluated. The methanol extracts produced the highest TPC (113.39 ㎎ gallic acid equivalents/g), DPPH RSA (IC 50 = 40.25 ㎍/mL), ABTS RSA (IC 50 = 58.17 ㎍/mL) and RP (IC 50 = 69.43 ㎍/mL) activities while the water extracts generated the lowest values. The ethanol extract showed the highest tyrosinase inhibitor activity (88.90%) at a concentration of 1 ㎎/mL. These results indicated that persimmon flower-buds may be a useful source of natural antioxidants.
Passive control of deep cavity shear layer flow at subsonic speed

Passive control of the flow over a deep cavity at low subsonic velocity is considered in the present paper. The cavity length-to-depth aspect ratio is L/H = 0.2. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements characterized the flow over the cavity and show the influence of the control method on the cavity shear layer development. It is found that both the “cylinder” and the “shaped cylinder”, placed upstream from the cavity leading edge, result in the suppression of the aero-acoustic coupling and highly reduce the cavity noise. It should be noted that the vortical structures impinge at almost the same location near the cavity downstream corner with and without passive control. The present study allows to identify an innovative passive flow control method of cavity resonance. Indeed, the use of a “shaped cylinder” present similar suppression of the cavity resonance as with the “cylinder” but with smaller impact on the cavity flow. The “shaped cylinder” results in a smaller shear layer growth as compared to .
Control of Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) and other Annual Grasses with Imazapic

Invasive annual grasses, such as medusahead, can reduce forage production capacity and interfere with revegetation projects in California rangelands. Because of the taxonomic similarity to other more desirable grasses, achieving selective control of invasive annual grasses can be difficult. In selectivity trials conducted in Yolo and Siskiyou counties, CA, the herbicide imazapic gave control of many nonnative annual grasses yet provided some level of selectivity to specific perennial grasses used in revegetation projects throughout the western United States. The selectivity difference between newly seeded perennial and annual grasses was greater with PRE applications than with POST treatments. Both perennial and annual grasses within the tribe Hordeae were more tolerant to imazapic than other grass species. In addition, field experiments were conducted at three sites in northern California (Yuba, Yolo, and Lassen counties) and one in southern Oregon (Lake County) to test the response of imazapic to varying management conditions. Imazapic was applied PRE in fall (and also spring in Lake County) at rates from 35 to 210 g/ha on undisturbed rangeland, in comparison with rangeland cleared of standing plant material and thatch by either tillage, mowing and raking, or burning. Imazapic generally showed enhanced weed control when applied following disturbance. Rates as low as 70 g/ha, if combined with thatch removal, provided significant suppression of medusahead. In addition, disturbance alone generally reduced medusahead cover in the following year. Although imazapic showed potential for control of medusahead and other annual grasses, its selectivity window was relatively narrow. Nomenclature: Imazapic, medusahead, Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski, ELYCM
Investments in renewable energy sources in OPEC members

In this paper we analyze the key factors promoting the investments in renewable energy sources in a panel dataset of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) members. To address these issues, a dynamic panel analysis of renewable investments in the sample of OPEC with distinct economic and social structures, in the years between 1980 and 2009, is proposed. Results confirm that key factors promoting investments in renewable energy sources are similar to other studies which include more developed countries. However, lack of grants and/or incentives to promote the installations of new renewable power plants is a limit for the future and sustainable development of these countries.
The progenitor mass of the Type IIP supernova SN 2004et from late-time spectral modeling

Massive stars live fast and die young. They shine furiously for a few million years, during which time they synthesize most of the heavy elements in the universe in their cores. They end by blowing themselves up in a powerful explosion known as a supernova (SN). During this process, the core collapses to a neutron star or a black hole, while the outer layers are expelled with velocities of thousands of kilometers per second. The resulting fireworks often outshine the entire host galaxy for many weeks. The explosion energy is eventually radiated away, but powering of the newborn nebula continues by radioactive isotopes synthesized in the explosion. The ejecta are now quite transparent, and we can see the material produced in the deep interiors of the star. To interpret the observations, detailed spectral modeling is needed. This thesis aims to develop and apply state-of-the-art computational tools for interpreting and modeling SN observations in the nebular phase. This requires calculation of the physical conditions throughout the nebula, including non-thermal processes from the radioactivity, thermal and statistical equilibrium, as well as radiative transport. The inclusion of multiline radiative transfer, which we compute with a Monte Carlo technique, represents one of the major advancements presented in this thesis. On February 23 1987, the first SN observable by the naked eye since 1604 exploded, SN 1987A. Its proximity has allowed unprecedented observations, which in turn have lead to significant advancements in our understanding of SN explosions. As a first application of our model, we analyze the 44Tipowered phase (t & 5 years) of SN 1987A. We find that a magnetic field is present in the nebula, trapping the positrons that provide the energy input, and resulting in strong iron lines in the spectrum. We determine the 44Ti mass to 1.5(+0.5−0.5)*10−4 M⊙. From the near-infrared spectrum at an age of 19 years, we identify strong emission lines from explosively synthesized metals such as silicon, calcium, and iron. We use integral-field spectroscopy to construct three-dimensional maps of the ejecta, showing a morphology suggesting an asymmetric explosion. The model is then applied to the close-by and well-observed Type IIP SN 2004et, analyzing its ultraviolet to mid-infrared evolution. Based on its Mg I] 4571 A, Na I 5890, 5896 A, [O I] 6300, 6364 A, and [Ne II] 12.81 mm nebular emission lines, we determine its progenitor mass to be around 15 M⊙. We confirm that silicate dust, SiO, and CO have formed in the ejecta. Finally, the major optical emission lines in a sample of Type IIP SNe areanalyzed.We find that most spectral regions in Type IIP SNe are dominated by emission from the massive hydrogen envelope, which explains the relatively small variation seen in the sample. We also show that the similar line profiles seen from all elements suggest extensive mixing occurring in most hydrogenrich SNe.
Observation of Online Communities: A Discussion of Online and Offline Observer Roles in Studying Development, Cooperation and Coordination in an Open Source Software Environment

This paper addresses the application of observation to online settings with a special focus on observer roles. It draws on a study of online observation of a virtual community, i.e. an open source software (OSS) community. The paper examines general and specific advantages and disadvantages of the observer roles in online settings by relating these roles to the same roles assumed in offline settings. The study suggests that under the right circumstances online and offline observation may benefit from being combined as they complement each other well. Quality issues and factors important to elicit trustworthy observational data from online study settings, such as OSS communities, are discussed. A proposition is made concerning how threats to credibility and transferability in relation to online observation (i.e. lack of richness and detail, risk of misunderstandings) can be diminished, while maintaining the level of dependability (which is potentially high due to a greater degree of anonymity and "isolation" in online settings). The paper thus suggests that the less participative the researcher's online observer role is, the more s/he should consider introducing offline data collection techniques rather than adopting a more participative role in the observed online setting. This methodological discussion forms the basis for making a well-considered choice of online observer role rather than passively sliding into a role assigned by the setting.
Splitting efficiency and interference effects in a Cooper pair splitter based on a triple quantum dot with ferromagnetic contacts

We theoretically study the spin-resolved subgap transport properties of a Cooper pair splitter based on a triple quantum dot attached to superconducting and ferromagnetic leads. Using the Keldysh Green's function formalism, we analyze the dependence of the Andreev conductance, Cooper pair splitting efficiency, and tunnel magnetoresistance on the gate and bias voltages applied to the system. We show that the system's transport properties are strongly affected by spin dependence of tunneling processes and quantum interference between different local and nonlocal Andreev reflections. We also study the effects of finite hopping between the side quantum dots on the Andreev current. This allows for identifying the optimal conditions for enhancing the Cooper pair splitting efficiency of the device. We find that the splitting efficiency exhibits a nonmonotonic dependence on the degree of spin polarization of the leads and the magnitude and type of hopping between the dots. An almost perfect splitting efficiency is predicted in the nonlinear response regime when the energies of the side quantum dots are tuned to the energies of the corresponding Andreev bound states. In addition, we analyzed features of the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) for a wide range of the gate and bias voltages, as well as for different model parameters, finding the corresponding sign changes of the TMR in certain transport regimes. The mechanisms leading to these effects are thoroughly discussed.
Natural convection in a vertical slot: accurate solution of the linear stability equations

The linear stability of natural convection in a fluid between vertical hot and cold walls was studied using a collocation method. Seven figure accurate results for monotonic disturbances were obtained by Ruth (1979) using numerical power series, but this method is intrinsically limited and failed for Pr ? 10 . In contrast, Chebyshev collocation converges more rapidly and allows the computation of results at higher Pr for which oscillatory disturbances dominate. Accurate results are now obtained across the entire Prandtl number range. These match the zero and infinite Pr asymptotes which are also refined here.
On Parameters Estimation Procedures in Multilevel Models

We examine maximum likelihood estimation procedures in multilevel models re-latedto two-level hierarchically structured data. Usually, for fixed effects and variance com-ponentsestimation, multivariate normal distribution is assumed. Here we consider for randomeffects multivariate exponential power distribution (MEP), which represents one of the possiblegeneralizations of multivariate normal distribution. We examine robustness of maximum like-lihoodestimators under normal assumption when, indeed, random effects are MEP distributed. The study is conducted through MC simulation procedures
Estimating radius of convergence for modified Newton method

The paper investigate the local convergence and local convergence radius of a variant of modified Newton method for solving nonlinear equations. Two (unlike) algorithms for the estimation of local convergence radius are given. The numerical experiments show that the both proposed algorithms give estimations close or very close, even identic, with the maximum convergence radius. Mathematics Subject Classification: 45G10 ,47H17, 65J15, 65G99
The Carex Fen vegetation of northern New South Wales

The floristic composition and extent of Carex-dominated fens in the New South Wales New England Tablelands Bioregion and Barrington Tops area (lat 28° 41’ S–31° 55’ S; long 151° 23’ E–152° 05’ E) together with outliers from the central west (Coonabarabran) are described from 81 full floristic survey sites. These fens contained 234 vascular plant taxa of which 27% were exotic. The fens were dominated by herbaceous vegetation (96% of taxa). Cluster analysis of cover-abundance scores of vascular plant taxa from 81 plots placed within 71 separate Carex fens revealed three alliances: 1) Carex appressa, 2) Scirpus polystachyus – Carex tereticaulis and 3) Carex gaudichaudiana and seven communities: (1) Carex appressa – Stellaria angustifolia Fen (2) Carex appressa Fen (3) Scirpus polystachyus – Carex appressa Fen (4) Carex tereticaulis Fen (5) Carex gaudichaudiana – Isachne globosa Fen (6) Carex sp. Bendemeer – Carex gaudichaudiana Fen (7) Carex gaudichaudiana – Glyceria australis Fen The distribution of alliances showed a pattern of east-west separation. The most easterly alliance shares many features with the Carex gaudichaudiana Alliance of the Monaro Region of southern NSW while the other alliances have no counterparts within the current literature. We estimate that up to 5 000 ha of fen vegetation survive in the New England Bioregion of which 90% is on grazed land and only 0.2% is within conservation reserves. Seven outstanding examples of fens remain; most are examples of Community 5, with one representing Community 6 and none representing the other five communities. Many of these are not secured, and none of those within reserves are in their ‘natural’ state. We therefore strongly encourage measures to allow closure of drains, the opening of dams, and the rehabilitation of important fens such as Bishops, Racecourse and New Country Swamps. Cunninghamia (2009) 11(1): 49–64
Inverse modeling of hydrologic parameters using surface flux and runoff observations in the Community Land Model

This study demonstrates the possibility of inverting hydrologic parameters using surface flux and runoff observations in version 4 of the Community Land Model (CLM4). Previous studies showed that surface flux and runoff calculations are sensitive to major hydrologic parameters in CLM4 over different watersheds, and illustrated the necessity and possibility of parameter calibration. Two inversion strategies, the deterministic least-square fitting and stochastic Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) - Bayesian inversion approaches, are evaluated by applying them to CLM4 at selected sites. The unknowns to be estimated include surface and subsurface runoff generation parameters and vadose zone soil water parameters. We find that using model parameters calibrated by the least-square fitting provides little improvements in the model simulations but the sampling-based stochastic inversion approaches are consistent - as more information comes in, the predictive intervals of the calibrated parameters become narrower and the misfits between the calculated and observed responses decrease. In general, parameters that are identified to be significant through sensitivity analyses and statistical tests are better calibrated than those with weak or nonlinear impacts on flux or runoff observations. Temporal resolution of observations has larger impacts on the results of inverse modeling using heat flux data than runoff data. Soil andmore » vegetation cover have important impacts on parameter sensitivities, leading to the different patterns of posterior distributions of parameters at different sites. Overall, the MCMC-Bayesian inversion approach effectively and reliably improves the simulation of CLM under different climates and environmental conditions. Bayesian model averaging of the posterior estimates with different reference acceptance probabilities can smooth the posterior distribution and provide more reliable parameter estimates, but at the expense of wider uncertainty bounds. « less
Developing the Organisational Justice Scale and Examining Teachers' and School Administrators' Views about Organisational Justice in Primary Schools

The purpose of this study is to develop a reliable and valid measurement tool to explore views about organisational justice in schools and to examine teachers' and school administrators' views about organisational justice in primary schools. The sample of the study consisted of a total of 455 participants, 176 school administrators and 279 teachers from the primary schools in the Centre of Van. The Organisational Justice Scale, developed by the authors, was employed as data gathering tool. Principal Component Factor Analysis was used to determine the content and construct validities of the scale and Confirmatory Factor Analysis was employed to evaluate the obtained results. As a result of the study, the developed Organisational Justice Scale (OJS) was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool for school applications.
Effects of small reservoirs on large scale water availability.

Small reservoirs impact on large scale water availability both by supplying water in a distributed sense, and by subtracting water from large reservoirs with large scale water supply functions. Water availability from small and large reservoirs is subject to climate change, which has the potential to alter the relation between small and large reservoirs. For a case study area in semi-arid Brazil, water supply from small reservoirs is found to be more sensitive to climate change than water supply from large reservoirs. Changes in evapotranspiration are more consistent amongst models and its’ effects may dominate effects by more uncertain changes in precipitation. The reduction in water availability from large reservoirs by upstream abstractions by small reservoirs is found to be significant and may increase with unfavourable climate changes, even in an absolute sense.
Innovative and Technology-Based Women Entrepreneurs in Turkey: Capital and Performance

Bu calisma, sosyal, kulturel ve ekonomik sermaye ile Turkiye’deki teknoparklarda is yapmakta olan kadin girisimcilerin performansi arasindaki iliskiyi arastirmayi amaclamaktadir. Turkiye gibi kalkinmakta olan ulkelerde gerceklestirilen kadin girisimciligi calismalarina katki saglamanin yani sira, kadin girisimcilerin girisimcilik basarilariyla farkli sermaye faktorlerinin iliskisini anlamak iki temel cikarimi ortaya koyacaktir: Birincisi, bu konuda mevcut girisimcilik literaturunde yer alan teoriler acisindan ampirik bulgular elde etme, ikincisi ise girisimcilik alaninda kamu destegi saglayan karar mercilerinin kararlarina isik tutmaktir. Soz konusu sermaye faktorleri acisindan Borudieu’nun sosyal, kulturel ve ekonomik sermaye siniflandirmasi uygulanmistir. Calisma kapsaminda, 13 ilde kurulmus bulunan 24 teknoparkta isyeri sahibi olan 196 kadin girisimciye anket uygulanmistir. Calismanin bagimli degiskeni basarili olmak olarak secilmis ve son uc yilda hizli buyuyen ya da ihracat yapan girisimci kadinlar basarili olarak tanimlanmistir. Lojistik regresyon modeline iki adet kontrol degiskeni ile sosyal, kulturel ve ekonomik sermaye kapsaminda 12 adet bagimsiz degisken dahil edilmistir. Analiz sonuclari sosyal ve kulturel sermaye kapsaminda secilen degiskenlerden bir kisminin istatistiksel olarak kadin girisimcilerin basarisiyla iliskisi oldugunu gostermektedir. Bu cercevede, is tecrubesine sahip olmak, uc ya da daha fazla ortaga sahip olmak ve firmanin yasinin basariyla pozitif yonde iliskisi oldugu tespit edilmistir. Ilginc bir sekilde, daha once girisimcilik deneyimine sahip olma ile basari arasinda bir iliski saptanmamistir. Diger yandan, doktora derecesine sahip olmanin basariyla negatif yonde iliskisi oldugu gorulmustur. Ekonomik sermaye kapsaminda secilen degiskenlerin hicbirinin, girisimcinin basarisiyla istatistiksel olarak anlamli duzeyde iliskisi bulunmamistir. Ayrica, bilgi iletisim teknolojileri ve yazilim sektorunde is yapmanin basariyla ters yonlu iliskisi oldugu tespit edilmistir. Bu calismanin gelismekte olan ulkelerde ve geleneksel olmayan sektorlerde calisan kadin girisimciler konusunda mevcut literaturdeki eksikligi kapatmaya katki saglayacagi ve yuksek teknoloji sektorlerde calisan kadin girisimcilere yonelik destekleme politikalarinin tespitine isik tutacagi dusunulmektedir.
Rotation of sea/land breezes along the northeastern Adriatic coast

The diurnal evolution of the sea/land breeze hodographs over the northeastern Adriatic coast has been examined for several episodes, each lasting a few days. A limited set of observations, as well as the results of a three-dimensional nonhydrostatic mesoscale model are studied by applying a rotary-component method. This revealed a spatial distribution of the clockwise versus anti-clockwise rotation of the wind vectors for the sea/land breeze events. An application of the rotary-component method to the results of additional numerical sensitivity tests showed that the coastal topography height considerably influences both the shape of the wind hodographs and the sense of wind rotation. The method also displayed which areas are under a strong influence of the 24-h topographic forcing and which areas show a large wind consistency. A further analysis of the 24-h modeled wind hodographs at several selected stations has been performed, thus revealing the hodograph shapes and the reasons for them.
Diversity of lactic acid bacteria on organic flours and application of isolates in sourdough fermentation

Organic farming preserves biodiversity and organic products can be the source of many microbial species. The species diversity in organically grown wheat, spelt and rye was investigated in order to find strains suitable for sourdough fermentation. Colonies representing various morphological appearances were isolated and catalase-negative colonies were identified by mass spectrometer Microflex LT ™ MALDI-TOF. The fermentation products (lactic, acetic, formic and phenyllactic acid) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography, while the antifungal activity was determined using an overlay agar method. Wheat flours showed less microbial biodiversity than the rye and spelt flours. The most common genera in the tested flour were Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Enterococcus. Isolated Lactobacillus farciminis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Leuconostoc citreum and Lactobacillus brevis showed the best acidification activity. Lactobacillus brevis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Weissella cibaria and Lactobacillus farciminis showed significant antifungal activity against A. niger 357 and Penicillium sp. 505. The prefermented medium of Lactobacillus farciminis were characterized by high content of lactic and phenyllactic acid.
Biomass Power Generation by CFB Boiler

Plant-derived biomass is now considered as one of the most prospective energy sources in the future for reducing carbon dioxide emissions and conserving fossil fuel resources. The effective utilization of biomass includes such biomass wastes as waste paper, waste building material wastes and agricultural wastes. CFB (Circulating Fluidized Bed) boilers provide the best solution for biomass power generation because they can accommodate a wide range of fuels and their environmental impact is small. It is expected that CFB Biomass power plants will be widely used in the future.