Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of dietary supplementation of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus . subtilis probiotics and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) on the hematological, immune response, and biochemical features of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) fingerlings

A total of 2,400 Persian sturgeon fingerlings weighing 3.50-3.80 g were fed a diet composed of but different amounts of D-pro probiotics (Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Fish were distributed in fiberglass tanks (1.80 × 1.80 × 60 cm) each containing 200 fish for 2 months. This research was conducted in Beheshti Sturgeon Hatchery Center, North Iran in the summer of 2016. The mean temperature of the water (21±2℃), pH (7.5±0.5), and aeration and oxygen concentration (6±0.5 mg L-1) were measured for 60 days. The calculated data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test. Duncan test was used for comparing the means of the treatment. Results suggest that adding probiotics and yeasts to the diet had a significant impact on the percentages of hematocrit (PCV %), neutrophils and lysozyme (p<0.05). In addition, it was shown that the immunoglobulins in the T1 and T3 increased relatively to the control group. The amount of C3 and C4 complements were significantly increased by adding various sources of probiotics (p<0.05). Moreover, in terms of immune and biochemical parameters of the mucus sample, the interleukin 1 (T1 and T2) and lectin (T1 and T3) factors were improved. Also, in mucus samples, alkaline phosphatase and GPX all values measured in treated fish were lower than control group in various levels. These results show that application of two bacilli in combination form plus yeast may provide a better efficacy on the Persian sturgeon immune status.
TOXICITY PROFILE OF CINNAMON OIL BASED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM IN OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS (TILAPIA)

Introduction: Certain aqueous insoluble drugs had shown remarkably good solubilization in lipophilic environment. Among such drugs: ramipril, azithromycin and fluconazole showed improved solubilization using essential oil based microemulsion drug delivery system. In this study, we focused on the toxicity profile of the drug delivery vehicle – cinnamon oil based system in Oreochromis Mossambicus (Tilapia) fishes. Methods: Histopathology and biochemical parameters like proteins, carbohydrates, free amino acids, catalase, total reduced glutathione, glutathione s-transferase and superoxide dimutase were estimated in the drug delivery system with comparison to the control fishes. Results: At higher concentrations of the vehicle, significant changes were observed in the system as compared to control, which, could be due to stress factors or severe pathologic infections. Conclusions: The drug delivery vehicle showed drastic changes at extremely higher volumes of drug delivery vehicle when treated in Tilapia fishes. Hence, further studies have to be carried out in rodents to determine the safest limit by carrying out toxicity studies. Only then, this drug delivery system could be used for future applications in pharmaceutical medicine.
Attack and Defense of Dynamic Analysis-Based, Adversarial Neural Malware Classification Models

Recently researchers have proposed using deep learning-based systems for malware detection. Unfortunately, all deep learning classification systems are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Previous work has studied adversarial attacks against static analysis-based malware classifiers which only classify the content of the unknown file without execution. However, since the majority of malware is either packed or encrypted, malware classification based on static analysis often fails to detect these types of files. To overcome this limitation, anti-malware companies typically perform dynamic analysis by emulating each file in the anti-malware engine or performing in-depth scanning in a virtual machine. These strategies allow the analysis of the malware after unpacking or decryption. In this work, we study different strategies of crafting adversarial samples for dynamic analysis. These strategies operate on sparse, binary inputs in contrast to continuous inputs such as pixels in images. We then study the effects of two, previously proposed defensive mechanisms against crafted adversarial samples including the distillation and ensemble defenses. We also propose and evaluate the weight decay defense. Experiments show that with these three defensive strategies, the number of successfully crafted adversarial samples is reduced compared to a standard baseline system without any defenses. In particular, the ensemble defense is the most resilient to adversarial attacks. Importantly, none of the defenses significantly reduce the classification accuracy for detecting malware. Finally, we demonstrate that while adding additional hidden layers to neural models does not significantly improve the malware classification accuracy, it does significantly increase the classifier's robustness to adversarial attacks.
NEW HIGHER TAXA OF COMPLEX THALLOID LIVERWORTS ( MARCHANTIOPHYTA – MARCHANTIOPSIDA )

Recent studies on molecular phylogeny of complex thalloid liverworts ( Marchantiopsida ) have revealed the need to recognize four new higher taxa: Family Neohodgsoniaceae , Order Neohodgsoniales , Order Lunulariales and Family Dumortieraceae . These are formally described along with notes on their differences from other complex thalloid liverworts.
Susceptibility of Blissus insularis (Heteroptera: Hemiptera: Blissidae) Populations in Florida to Bifenthrin and Permethrin

ABSTRACT The southern chinch bug, Blissus insularis Barber, is a serious insect pest of St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum [Walt.] Kuntze). Control for B. insularis is mainly achieved through insecticides. This pest has developed resistance to several insecticide classes because of near-constant exposure. The goals of this study were to sample select B. insularis populations in Florida to describe their susceptibility to bifenthrin, document new locations of bifenthrin resistance, and evaluate another pyrethroid, permethrin. Lethal concentration ratios (at the LC50) from B. insularis populations collected in 2006 and 2008 showed a 45-4,099-fold resistance to bifenthrin in Citrus, Escambia, Flagler, Hillsborough, Lake, Orange, Osceola, and Volusia counties. One population in Orange County demonstrated a 212-fold resistance to permethrin. There was a positive relationship between the number of insecticide applications made in 2006 and increasing insecticide resistance. This study documents the first case of insecticide resistance in the Florida Panhandle and the first report of B. insularis resistance to permethrin. Observations made during this study and possible causes for the development of insecticide resistance in B. insularis in Florida are discussed.
Non‐specific cellular responses of rainbow trout to Vibrio anguillarum and its extracellular products (ECPs)

We have studied the early inflammatory response induced by Vibrio anguillarum and by its extracellular products (ECPs) in rainbow trout after intraperitoneal injection. The results showed a very similar inflammatory response which included leucopenia, mainly due to lymphopenia, neutrophilia and an increase in the number of circulating monocytes. Melanomacrophages as well as immature leucocytes were frequently observed circulating in the blood of injected rainbow trout. Monocytes often contain phagocytosed bacteria and other, altered cells including erythrocytes and leucocytes. However, neutrophils only occasionally phagocytosed bacteria. Many circulating leucocytes showed important structural alterations. Neutrophils of trout injected with bacteria and ECPs also showed stronger PAS-staining than those of control trout as well as Dohle bodies and swollen granules. A marked vasodilatation was observed in the kidney and spleen which was coincidental with a mobilization of eosinophilic granular cells and an hypertrophy of sinusoidal endothelial cells showing an increase in the number of cytoplasmic granules. An increase in the number of macrophages and melanomacrophages in the kidney and spleen as well as oedema and leucocyte infiltration in the liver and gills were also noted.
RANDOMLY STOPPED LINKING GENERATES SCALE FREE NETWORKS

Since the Barabási-Albert (BA) model was proposed twenty years ago, the power law degree distribution of scale-free networks is usually explained with preferential attachment. Popularly described as “the rich get richer”, preferential attachment ascribes inherent value to popularity. We present a randomly stopped linking model that forms scale free networks without the presence of preferential attachment.
Gain Without Pain

Among numerous indoor localization systems proposed during the past decades, WiFi fingerprint-based localization has been one of the most attractive solutions, which is known to be free of extra infrastructure and specialized hardware. However, current WiFi fingerprinting suffers from a pivotal problem of RSS fluctuations caused by unpredictable environmental dynamics. The RSS variations lead to severe spatial ambiguity and temporal instability in RSS fingerprinting, both impairing the location accuracy. To overcome such drawbacks, we propose fingerprint spatial gradient (FSG), a more stable and distinctive form than RSS fingerprints, which exploits the spatial relationships among the RSS fingerprints of multiple neighbouring locations. As a spatially relative form, FSG is more resistant to RSS uncertainties. Based on the concept of FSG, we design novel algorithms to construct FSG on top of a general RSS fingerprint database and then propose effective FSG matching methods for location estimation. Unlike previous works, the resulting system, named ViVi, yields performance gain without the pains of introducing extra information or additional service restrictions or assuming impractical RSS models. Extensive experiments in different buildings demonstrate that ViVi achieves great performance, outperforming the best among four comparative start-of-the-art approaches by 29% in mean accuracy and 19% in 95th percentile accuracy and outweighing the worst one by 39% and 24% respectively. We envision FSG as a promising supplement and alternative to existing RSS fingerprinting for future WiFi localization.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING INTEREST IN USING INTERNET BANKING WITH TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL (TAM): CASE STUDY AT PT. BHAKTI KHARISMA UTAMA

— Along with the development of the Internet in Indonesia, the Internet Banking service has an added value for banks in Indonesia in providing the best service to its customers. With a growing number of banks offering Internet Banking facility caused the competitive rivalry between banks. This study aims to determine the effect on the perception of benefits, Perceived Ease, Perceived Risk, Security and Trust in Interests In Using Internet Banking at PT. Bhakti Utama Kharisma. The research method is quantitative model TAM (Technology Acceptance Model). The data used in this study are primary data. The data collection is done by using a questionnaire. Regression analysisusing the test using SPSS. This study showed that variables simultaneously Perceived Benefits, Perceived Ease, Perceived Risk, Security and Trust significantly affect the Customer Interests in Using Internet Banking.
Molecular and cell phenotype changes in mitochondrial diseases

The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) generates energy but also deleterious reactive oxygen species (ROS). Changes in the cytoskeleton, composed mainly of microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments, have been observed in OXPHOS deficiency. The 3243A>G point mutation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leads to mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), which is the most common mitochondrial disease. Interestingly, mitochondrial aberrations have been demonstrated in patients with a mutation in NOTCH3, the genetic cause of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). Randomization of vimentin intermediate filament direction and length together with slower population growth was observed in myoblasts with 3243A>G, with no difference in the amount of apoptotic cell death. Upon complex IV inhibition (with or without the microtubule-depolymerizing compound nocodazole) or a lack of mtDNA (ρ0) in osteosarcoma cells the vimentin network collapsed perinuclearly, forming thick bundles, whereas complex I inhibition led to thinner vimentin network bundles. Furthermore, the amount of vimentin was increased in ρ0 cells. Mitochondria accumulated around the nucleus upon complex IV inhibition and in ρ0 cells. Analysis of the total proteome revealed that specific OXPHOS deficiencies led to changes in the expression of cytoskeletal proteins and proteins involved in apoptosis, OXPHOS, glycolysis and oxidative stress response. Muscle histochemical and genetic analysis showed ragged red fibres and cytochrome c oxidase-negative fibres to be associated with 5650G>A in a patient with R133C in NOTCH3 and 5650G>A in MTTA. Immunolabelling of cells with R133C and 5650G>A revealed a sparse tubulin network with asters and less abundant mitochondria by comparison with control cell lines. Comparison of nucleotide diversity between CADASIL pedigrees and controls showed increased mtDNA sequence variation in the CADASIL patients. Also maternal relatives in two CADASIL pedigrees differed from each other in their mtDNA. These findings suggest that defects in OXPHOS lead to selective changes in the vimentin network, which may have a role in the pathophysiology of mitochondrial diseases. They also suggest a relationship between NOTCH3 and mtDNA, and establish the pathogenicity of 5650G>A. The overall results emphasize that a deficiency in the energy converting system together with oxidative stress can lead to cytoskeletal changes.
Agroecology as a Science of Integration for Sustainability in Agriculture

A knowledge contribution is provided in order to understand agroecology as both a scientific discipline and a philosophical paradigm for promoting sustainability in agriculture. The peculiar character of agroecology as an applied science based on the systems paradigm is explored in the fields of research and tuition. As an organisational capability of connecting different hierarchical levels in accordance with the goal of sustainability, integration is shown as an emergent property of the evolution of agriculture as a human activity system.
Individual transferable quotas as a fisheries management tool

Abstract Fisheries management faces a new era. Markets, in the form of individual transferable quotas (ITQs) and growing global integration of fish markets, will increasingly provide the organizing and regulatory principle for many fisheries. Whether ITQs and global markets are a panacea or Pandora's box for organizing and managing fisheries is, as yet, unclear, and requires additional experience to fully evaluate. This article reviews the workings and expected benefits of ITQs, the origin and concept of ITQs, the problems they were designed to address, world‐wide experience and literature on ITQs, and the problems and prospects for ITQ management. Particular attention is given to the growing importance of markets as the primary organizing principle for many fisheries, including the roles of ITQs and increased global integration of fisheries markets.
Curing of Mammalian Cell Lines from Severe Bacterial Contamination

Mammalian cell culture has proven to be crucial in studying human cellular physiological processes. However, microbial contamination continues to be a common and serious problem faced by researchers worldwide, which unfortunately persists even after different aseptic measures are meticulously followed. This can have serious consequences like spurious, non-reproducible data leading to compromised results and loss of important biological samples. In this article, we report identification and eradication of bacterial contamination encountered during maintenance of mammalian cell line culture. The contamination was so severe that we were on verge of losing the cell lines. 16S rDNA sequencing identified the contaminant as gram-positive bacteria from genus Bacillus which was already resistant to penicillin and streptomycin. In order to contain and finally get rid of the bacterial contaminants, the cultures were treated for two weeks with a cocktail mixture of antibiotics ciprofloxacin and gentamicin in different doses, to estimate the effective curing dose with least cytotoxicity. Eventually, the cells got completely cured of bacterial contamination. Henceforth, cell lines maintained even without additional antibiotic pressure remained healthy and normal for long term (under the microscope). Finally, by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) it was confirmed that these cells have retained their normal cell cycle properties.
Enhanced Voice Service (EVS) Codec

The recently standardized Enhanced Voice Service (EVS) codec is the first 3GPP communication codec providing super-wideband (SWB) audio bandwidth for improved speech quality already at 9.6kbps. At the same time, the codec’s performance on other signals, like music or mixed content, is comparable to modern audio codecs. The key technology of the codec is a flexible switching scheme between specialized coding modes for speech and music signals. The codec has been jointly developed by the following companies, representing operators, terminal, infrastructure and chipset vendors, as well as leading speech and audio coding experts: Ericsson, Fraunhofer IIS, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd, NOKIA Corporation, NTT, NTT DOCOMO INC., ORANGE, Panasonic Corporation, Qualcomm Incorporated, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd, VoiceAge, ZTE Corporation.
Recommending and Localizing Code Changes for Mobile Apps based on User Reviews

—Researchers have proposed several approaches to extract information from user reviews useful for maintaining and evolving mobile apps. However, most of them just perform automatic classiﬁcation of user reviews according to speciﬁc keywords ( e.g. , bugs, features). Moreover, they do not provide any support for linking user feedback to the source code components to be changed, thus requiring a manual, time-consuming, and error-prone task. In this paper, we introduce C HANGE A DVISOR , a novel approach that analyzes the structure, semantics, and sentiments of sentences contained in user reviews to extract useful (user) feedback from maintenance perspectives and recommend to developers changes to software artifacts. It relies on natural language processing and clustering algorithms to group user reviews around similar user needs and suggestions for change. Then, it involves textual based heuristics to determine the code artifacts that need to be maintained according to the recommended software changes. The quantitative and qualitative studies carried out on 44 683 user reviews of 10 open source mobile apps and their original developers showed a high accuracy of C HANGE A DVISOR in (i) clustering similar user change requests and (ii) identifying the code components impacted by the suggested changes. Moreover, the obtained results show that C HANGE A DVISOR is more accurate than a baseline approach for linking user feedback clusters to the source code in terms of both precision ( +47% ) and recall ( +38% ).
Non-Financial Incentives, Selectivity and Performance of Volunteers: Evidence from a Large Scale Natural Field Experiment

We embed a randomized controlled experiment in BRAC’s existing volunteer tutor (Chhatrabandhu) program in Bangladesh to examine the effects of non-financial incentives on tutors’ retention rates and performance. The experiment involves nearly 500 secondary schools and 4200 volunteer tutors. We demonstrate that offering performance-contingent public-recognition award leads to higher dropout rates and poorer performance, particularly among volunteers with high other-regarding and low teaching-career motive for volunteering. Nevertheless, the treatment improves the performance of volunteers with low other-regarding motive for volunteering. When individuals can self-select into an incentive scheme, its motivation crowding-in effect may counteract its motivation crowding-out effect on performance. The overall performance effect of non-financial incentives depends crucially on the composition of the types of workers who self-select into an organization.
A Survey of Recent Progress in the Asymptotic Analysis of Inventory Systems

It has long been recognized that many inventory models most relevant to practice are inherently high‐dimensional, and hence generally believed to become computationally intractable as certain problem parameters grow large (suffering from the “curse of dimensionality”). In the last decade, asymptotic analysis has shown that in many interesting settings such problems can actually be well‐approximated by much simpler optimization problems, leading to new algorithms and insights. In this survey, we review the state‐of‐the‐art as regards applying asymptotic analysis to such challenging inventory problems. In addition to surveying the literature, we present a detailed introduction to the relevant tools and methodologies through three in‐depth case studies in which asymptotic analysis has recently led to major progress: lost‐sales models, dual‐sourcing models, and Assemble‐to‐Order systems in the presence of large lead times.
Speed versus manoeuvrability: association between vertebral number and habitat structure in lacertid lizards

We tested the hypothesis that the number of presacral vertebrae in lacertid lizards has evolved to meet requirements set by the structural habitat. The idea was that lizards from cluttered habitats (densely vegetated areas, stony walls and hills, rocks) would be aided by a flexible backbone with many vertebrae, ensuring manoeuvrability, whereas lizards from open habitats would require stiffer vertebrate columns, with relatively few vertebrae, favouring speed and acceleration capacity. In contrast to earlier findings in fishes and snakes, evolution of vertebral number and body size was uncorrelated in lacertid lizards. Body size also did not differ between structural habitat types (open areas, densely vegetated areas, vertical elements). Traditional analysis of variance suggests strong differences in vertebral counts between species from open areas and cluttered areas, the latter having higher numbers of presacral vertebrae. When adequate phylogenetic analyses are used, differences remain significant although the level of significance is considerably lower. Tests of the mechanistic relationships between vertebral number, bending ability, and manoeuvrability, and assessment of the relative importance of manoeuvrability and speed in habitats with varying degrees of impediment are needed to reveal the evolutionary path that has led to the differences in vertebral number.
Motion Planning of a Single-Motor Self-Adjusting Robotic Hand

—Grasping objects with robotic grippers is still a difﬁcult task. Grippers often sacriﬁce either ﬂexibility or reliability to gain the other. This technical report introduces a robot hand design that attempts to balance reliability and ﬂexibility with a novel concept. The hand uses the environment to adjust itself prior to grasping an object. This adjustment allows ﬂexibility in the grippers application. The hand has only a single motor, that drives a deterministic actuation medium. This contributes to the hand’s reliability. The hand’s adjustment prior to grasping is the unique part of the design and operation of the gripper. In this work, the basic design principles of the hand are presented. The majority of the report, however, is focused on the motion planning principles behind the hand reconﬁguration. Speciﬁcally, each ﬁnger in the hand can be changes in angle and ﬁngertip distance form the hand’s center. This allows full-freedom of the ﬁngertip placement, but poses a challenge in reconﬁguration. The tasks of angle adjustment and ﬁngertip distance adjustment are both elaborated on in this report, providing analytic, time efﬁcient solutions for both and their combination.