Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cellulase activity and stable isotope signature of benthic macroinvertebrates in estuarine habitats: potential assimilation of land-derived organic matter

We investigated inter-species dietary variation and potential cellulose digestion of 12 macroinvertebrate taxa collected from two locations in the estuarine Idoura Lagoon, Sendai Bay. All taxa exhibited cellulase activity (CA), which was higher among surface-deposit feeders (bivalve Macoma contabulata, polychaete Tylorrhynchus osawai, and ocypodid crabs) and obligatory suspension feeders (bivalves Corbicula japonica and Nuttallia japonica) (0.108 to 0.764 μmol min−1 mg-protein−1). In contrast, CA was lower among facultative suspension-feeding and deep-deposit feeding polychaetes (Hediste spp. and Heteromastus sp., respectively), and was lowest in the deep-deposit feeding polychaete Notomastus sp. The stable isotope ratios of the macroinvertebrates differed among feeding groups. A δ13C-based isotope mixing model revealed that the major dietary component of the surface-deposit feeders was microphytobenthos (34–50%), regardless of their high CAs. Although CAs of obligatory and facultative suspension feeders were comparable to or lower than those of surface-deposit feeders, they were highly dependent on river-derived materials at the station near the freshwater input (38–59%). These results indicate that CA is a common physiological characteristic of macroinvertebrates in estuarine soft-bottom habitats, but the dietary contribution of riverine detritus is not correlated with enzymatic activity. Our findings indicate that several factors affect the realized dietary components of macroinvertebrates, including feeding mode, the selectivity of ingestion, and digestive enzyme activity.
Reactive Transport in Heterogeneous Porous Media Under Different Péclet Numbers

We study the synergistic effects of the Péclet number and the length scale of medium heterogeneity on the evolution of bimolecular reactive transport between mobile and immobile species. We performed a suite of numerical simulations at the Darcy scale that quantify the instantaneous, irreversible bimolecular reaction Aaq+Bs→Caq, under various transport conditions (Péclet numbers) and porous media configurations (correlation lengths). We find that the global reaction rate is sensitive to both the Péclet number and the correlation length. The total amount of product decreases with increasing Péclet number, while it increases with increasing correlation length. In addition, for all of these scenarios, the global reaction rate is shown to be time dependent and is an outcome of the anomalous transport behavior of the chemical species. The time‐dependent behavior of the reaction rate is amplified with increasing Péclet number and decreasing correlation length and can be well approximated by a power law relationship. We find, too, that the transport behavior of the reaction products (C) often deviates from that of the inflowing reactant species (A), because reactions occur preferentially within the flow domain. Finally, and due to the influence of the Péclet number on reactive transport, we show that temporal variations in the magnitude of the flow field (i.e, changing the Péclet number over time) shift the reaction and transport behavior into a state measurably different than that for steady flow conditions.
Systematic Representative Design: A Reply to Commentaries

Abstract Systematic Representative Design (SRD), enabled by today’s technologies leverages many of the strengths of past designs into a new synthesis affording the capacity for both causal inference and generalizability to everyday life (GEL). In doing so, it could help better integrate past and ongoing empirical research findings in psychology. Generally, the commentaries were positive and thought-provoking. Delightfully, they gave us new opportunities to both clarify misunderstandings as well as further address the feasibility of this approach.
Peptide conformation and oligomerization characteristics of surface-mediated assemblies revealed by molecular dynamics simulations and scanning tunneling microscopy

The characteristics of peptide conformations in both solution and surface-bound states, using poly-glycine as a model structure, are analyzed by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The clustering analysis revealed significant linearization effect on the peptide conformations as a result of adsorption to surface, accompanied by varied adsorption kinetics and energetics. Depending on the inter-peptide interaction characteristics, distinctively different surface-mediated oligomerization modalities, such as antiparallel conformations, can be identified in MD and confirmed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) analysis of the assembly structures. These observations are beneficial for obtaining molecular insights of assembling propensity relating to peptide-surface and peptide–peptide interactions.
The role of observed cloud‐radiative anomalies for the dynamics of the North Atlantic Oscillation on synoptic time‐scales

Clouds shape weather and climate by regulating the latent and radiative heating in the atmosphere. Recent work has demonstrated the importance of cloud‐radiative effects (CRE) for the mean circulation of the extratropical atmosphere and its response to global warming. In contrast, little research has been done regarding the impact of CRE on internal variability. Here, we study how clouds and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) couple on synoptic time‐scales during Northern Hemisphere winter via CRE within the atmosphere (ACRE). A regression analysis based on 5‐day mean data from CloudSat/CALIPSO, CERES and GERB satellite observations and ERA‐Interim short‐term forecast data reveals a robust dipole of high‐level and low‐level cloud‐incidence anomalies during a positive NAO, with increased high‐level cloud incidence along the storm track (near 45°N) and the subpolar Atlantic, and decreased high‐level cloud incidence poleward and equatorward of this track. Opposite changes occur for low‐level cloud incidence. The cloud anomalies lead to an anomalous column‐mean heating from ACRE over the region of the Iceland low, and to a cooling over the region of the Azores high. To quantify the impact of the ACRE anomalies on the NAO, and to thereby test the hypothesis of a cloud‐radiative feedback on the NAO persistence, we apply the surface pressure tendency equation for ERA‐Interim short‐term forecast data. The NAO‐generated ACRE anomalies amplify the NAO‐related surface pressure anomalies over the Azores high but have no area‐averaged impact on the Iceland low. In contrast, diabatic processes as a whole, including latent heating and clear‐sky radiation, strongly amplify the NAO‐related surface pressure anomalies over both the Azores high and the Iceland low, and their impact is much more spatially coherent. This suggests that, while atmospheric cloud‐radiative effects lead to an increase in NAO persistence on synoptic time‐scales, their impact is relatively minor and much smaller than other diabatic processes.
Scientific opinion on chronic wasting disease (II)

Abstract The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on chronic wasting disease in two parts. Part one, on surveillance, animal health risk‐based measures and public health risks, was published in January 2017. This opinion (part two) addresses the remaining Terms of Reference, namely, ‘are the conclusions and recommendations in the EFSA opinion of June 2004 on diagnostic methods for chronic wasting disease still valid? If not, an update should be provided’, and ‘update the conclusions of the 2010 EFSA opinion on the results of the European Union survey on chronic wasting disease in cervids, as regards its occurrence in the cervid population in the European Union’. Data on the performance of authorised rapid tests in North America are not comprehensive, and are more limited than those available for the tests approved for statutory transmissible spongiform encephalopathies surveillance applications in cattle and sheep. There are no data directly comparing available rapid test performances in cervids. The experience in Norway shows that the Bio‐Rad TeSeE™ SAP test, immunohistochemistry and western blotting have detected reindeer, moose and red deer cases. It was shown that testing both brainstem and lymphoid tissue from each animal increases the surveillance sensitivity. Shortcomings in the previous EU survey limited the reliability of inferences that could be made about the potential disease occurrence in Europe. Subsequently, testing activity in Europe was low, until the detection of the disease in Norway, triggering substantial testing efforts in that country. Available data neither support nor refute the conclusion that chronic wasting disease does not occur widely in the EU and do not preclude the possibility that the disease was present in Europe before the survey was conducted. It appears plausible that chronic wasting disease could have become established in Norway more than a decade ago.
Klimaabkommen von Paris: Die vereinbarten dynamischen Anreize wirken kontraproduktiv

Hopes in the 2015 Paris Agreement are high that global warming will be limited to the two-degree target agreed on by the various signatory states. To this end, substantial climate protection contributions are indispensable. One of the agreement's key components is a dynamic system of incentives known as "ratcheting". This system requires signatory states to provide insight into their national climate protection contributions on a regular basis, and to step up these efforts over time. However, it remains to be seen how this system of incentives impacts the behaviour of the players involved. Consequently, it is unclear whether the approach adopted in the Paris Agreement is suitable to ensure the attainment of the two-degree target. In this ZEW policy brief, researchers report on a laboratory experiment conducted to investigate the effects of ratcheting under controlled conditions. The insights gained give little cause for optimism. The laboratory experiment was funded via the project "Incentives, Fairness and Compliance in International Environmental Agreements (InFairCom)" by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research.
Development of an independent MU calculation methodology for treatments with small fields

The development of stereotactic techniques in the past allowed the treatment of small malignant and non-malignant lesions, in single or multiple fractions, with more accuracy and a higher dose of radiation to the tumour. To ensure the correct accuracy of stereotactic treatments, radiotherapy physics departments should have an exhaustive quality assurance program. Several international guidelines recommend the independently verification of the computer calculation output with an alternative calculation method. The development of an independent monitor unit (MU) calculator with heterogeneity correction was proposed as the main objective of this work, for a Varian TrueBeamTM STx (6 FFF and 10 FF) and a Varian Novalis TxTM (6X SRS) using stereotactic cones. Multiple depth curves, dose profiles and output factors were measured in both linear accelerators using an appropriate detector for small field measurements. The measurements followed the dosimetry formalism for small fields proposed by the TRS-483, which was published in November 2017. Two graphical interfaces were created in MATLAB®, one interface for beam data import and processing of PTW MEPHYSTO mc2 files or Varian golden beam data files and another interface for patient data import and MU calculation, with and without heterogeneity correction. The developed algorithms of MU calculation with and without heterogeneity correction were extensively tested using a QUASARTM thorax phantom and a Lucy® 3D QA phantom. All the phantom validation tests passed with an exception of one field in the validation test without heterogeneity correction. For patients, a maximum difference of 5% between the planned dose and the absorbed dose is widely accepted to ensure that the treatment is safe and effective. Multiple patients with treatment plans on both linear accelerators were tested. Only one treatment field of two different patients exceeded the tolerance accepted with heterogeneity correction.
Beetroot as a Source of Natural Dyes for Ham

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) was subjected to extraction procedures in order to obtain the respective extracts containing the natural dyes and subjected to cytotoxicity assays in AGS cell line. Encapsulation of the extracts in nanosystems based on soybean lecithin and maltodextrin was performed. Lyophilized extracts before and after encapsulation in maltodextrin were applied in the formulation of leg ham and used in pilot scale of production. The colour of ham samples from the different assays was evaluated visually and by colorimetry.
Court Reform on Trial: Why Simple Solutions Fail

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Modeling and Assessing Connectivity Services Performance in a Sandbox Domain

The automation of Network Services (NS) consisting of virtual functions connected through a multilayer packet-over-optical network requires predictable Quality of Service (QoS) performance, measured in terms of throughput and latency, to allow making proactive decisions. QoS is typically guaranteed by overprovisioning capacity dedicated to the NS, which increases costs for customers and network operators, especially when the traffic generated by the users and/or the virtual functions highly varies over the time. This article presents the PILOT methodology for modeling the performance of connectivity services during commissioning testing in terms of throughput and latency. Benefits are double: first, an accurate per-connection model allows operators to better operate their networks and reduce the need for overprovisioning; and second, customers can tune their applications to the performance characteristics of the connectivity. PILOT runs in a sandbox domain and constructs a scenario where an efficient traffic flow simulation environment, based on the CURSA-SQ model, is used to generate large amounts of data for Machine Learning (ML) model training and validation. The simulation scenario is tuned using real measurements of the connection (including throughput and latency) obtained from a set of active probes in the operator network. PILOT has been experimentally validated on a distributed testbed connecting UPC and Telefónica premises.
Wavelet-Based Monitor for Grid Impedance Estimation of Three-Phase Networks

This article proposes a wavelet-based monitor (WBM) for grid impedance estimation, which combines a wavelet-based transient detection scheme (WB-TDS) and a wavelet-based grid impedance estimator (WB-GIE). The WB-TDS employs the analysis of the wavelet coefficients energy for detecting grid impedance changing, whereas the WB-GIE estimates the grid impedance by using the real-time stationary discrete wavelet packet transform associated with signal injection scheme. During a grid impedance changing, the WB-TDS triggers the WB-GIE for injecting an interharmonic into the power grid to estimate its current impedance. This method mitigates the total harmonic distortion generated by the continuous signal injection employed in the existing techniques. The WB-GIE identifies the phase grid impedance resistance and reactance accurately in balanced or unbalanced conditions. Due to its inherent characteristics, WBM is suitable to be inserted into the adaptive power flow control of distributed generation systems. Experimental results obtained from a grid-connected photovoltaic generation laboratory setup validates the proposed method and demonstrates its effectiveness.
Assessment of PMIP3 model simulations of megadroughts over the eastern China during the last millennium

The simulated spatiotemporal characteristics and variability of decadal megadroughts over the eastern China during the last millennium of 7 model simulations from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (PMIP3) archive were assessed, and the corresponding mechanisms of the megadroughts were also investigated. The simulated megadrought features of frequencies, durations, magnitudes and spatial distributions were compared with reconstructed data. Comparison showed that climate models can reasonably reproduce the major features of megadroughts, however, the simulated megadroughts are not temporal synchronous with the reconstructed megadroughts, indicating that the internal variability rather than external forcing initiates the observed megadroughts. The simulated spatial distributions of wind and sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies during megadrought years showed that megadroughts over the eastern China corresponded to weakening of the East Asia Summer Monsoon (EASM) and strengthening of the East Asia Winter Monsoon (EAWM). A pattern of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) with significant negative SSTA over the western central North Pacific and significant positive SSTA over eastern North Pacific and equatorial Pacific, resembling a positive PDO‐like pattern, was found to suppress precipitation in eastern China. Therefore, it could be concluded that that internal climate variability is the main trigger of the megadroughts over the eastern China, while the North Pacific decadal variability is considered the key driving factor influencing the EASM and EAWM.
Reliable mixed
 H
 ∞
 /passive control for T–S fuzzy semi‐Markovian jump systems under different event‐triggered schemes

This study investigates the problem of reliable mixed H ∞ /passive control for Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy semi-Markovian jump systems under different event-triggered schemes. An asynchronous fuzzy fault-tolerant controller is designed to deal with the actuator failures, which results in the closed-loop system is stochastically stable with a prescribed mixed H ∞ /passive performance level even if the actuator failures appear. In order to relieve the transmission pressure over the network, the authors utilise different event-triggered schemes and compare their ability of network resource saving. In addition, there is a difference between the system modes and the controller modes to formulate the asynchronisation phenomena. By implementing the delay system method, in combination with the free-weighting matrix and Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, some conditions on the performance analysis are established to ensure the stochastic stability of the system. Then, controller gain matrices and event-triggered matrices can be obtained simultaneously based on a group of feasible linear matrix inequalities. Finally, simulations are given to show the availability of the proposed method.
Comparison Of Irms Delhi Methodology With Who Methodology On Immunization Coverage

Research question: What are the merits of IRMS Model over WHO Model for Coverage Evaluation Survey? Which method is superior and appropriate for coverage evolution survey of immunization in our setting? Objective: To compare IRMS Delhi methodology with WHO methodology on Immunization Coverage. Study Design: Cross-Sectional Setting: Urban and Rural both. Participants: Mothers& Children Sample Size: 300 children between 1-2 years and 300 mothers in rural areas and 75 children and 75 mothers in urban areas. Study Variables: Rural, Urban, Cast-Group, Size of the stratum, Literacy, Sex and Cost effectiveness. Outcome Variables: Coverage level of immunization. Analysis: Routine Statistical Analysis. Results: IRMS developed methodology scores better rating over WHO methodology, especially when coverage evolution is attempted in medium size villages with existence of socio-economic seggregation-which remains the main characteristic of the Indian villages.
Community mapping and vegetational analysis of the mangrove forest in Calabanga, San Miguel Bay, Philippines

Mangrove forests in Philippines have been noted for years to be continuously dwindling in terms of forest cover and diversity. The reasons behind these unfortunate events are the unabated illegal activities in the mangroves albeit the enforcement of laws and policies pertaining to its conservation and rehabilitation. For several decades, the Philippine government had been implementing programs and projects aiming to bring back the once pristine and productive mangrove areas through reforestation of denuded areas in the country. However, assessment is needed to evaluate whether these efforts have positively impacted coastal areas. This paper presents the current vegetational condition of selected reforested mangrove areas in Calabanga, San Miguel Bay, Philippines. Fifty-six (56) quadrats measuring 10x10m were established strategically in four (4) randomly selected rehabilitated mangrove sites. The overall results show that ten (10) mangrove species were recorded and Rhizophora apiculata and Rhizophora mucronata got the highest importance values of 111.59 and 105.96 respectively. This only shows that mono-specific mangrove species were considered during the rehabilitation of the areas set aside the environmental parameters affecting survival rate and the ecological diversity of the mangrove forest. A framework was developed to guide the local government in developing their sustainable mangrove management plan.