Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NINL and DZANK1 Co-function in Vesicle Transport and Are Essential for Photoreceptor Development in Zebrafish

Ciliopathies are Mendelian disorders caused by dysfunction of cilia, ubiquitous organelles involved in fluid propulsion (motile cilia) or signal transduction (primary cilia). Retinal dystrophy is a common phenotypic characteristic of ciliopathies since photoreceptor outer segments are specialized primary cilia. These ciliary structures heavily rely on intracellular minus-end directed transport of cargo, mediated at least in part by the cytoplasmic dynein 1 motor complex, for their formation, maintenance and function. Ninein-like protein (NINL) is known to associate with this motor complex and is an important interaction partner of the ciliopathy-associated proteins lebercilin, USH2A and CC2D2A. Here, we scrutinize the function of NINL with combined proteomic and zebrafish in vivo approaches. We identify Double Zinc Ribbon and Ankyrin Repeat domains 1 (DZANK1) as a novel interaction partner of NINL and show that loss of Ninl, Dzank1 or both synergistically leads to dysmorphic photoreceptor outer segments, accumulation of trans-Golgi-derived vesicles and mislocalization of Rhodopsin and Ush2a in zebrafish. In addition, retrograde melanosome transport is severely impaired in zebrafish lacking Ninl or Dzank1. We further demonstrate that NINL and DZANK1 are essential for intracellular dynein-based transport by associating with complementary subunits of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 motor complex, thus shedding light on the structure and stoichiometry of this important motor complex. Altogether, our results support a model in which the NINL-DZANK1 protein module is involved in the proper assembly and folding of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 motor complex in photoreceptor cells, a process essential for outer segment formation and function.
Application of lean healthcare in hospital services: a review of the literature (2007 to 2017)

Paper aims: The demand for quality health services is increasing and the efficiency in hospitals is related to the continued improvement in their processes and services. Faced with this problem, this study aimed to perform a literature review of the application of lean health care to hospital services. Originality: Link between theory and practice, helping health professionals in their routine. Research method: The concepts of bibliometrics were used. The databases that make up the sample are ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, PubMed, and Cinahl; all the articles were in the ISI Web of Science database. Main findings: The analyses suggest that the continuous improvement in processes and in the quality of the services offered are factors that influence the development of teams concerned with patient safety. Implications for theory and practice: Shows the results and difficulties encountered by hospitals with the implementation of lean methodologies.
Effectiveness of pacemaker care protocol on knowledge and skill regarding care of client undergoing pacemaker implantation among nurses at selected hospitals, Nagercoil, 2015

Aim and objective :To assess the effectiveness of pacemaker care protocol on knowledge and skill regarding care of client undergoing pacemaker implantation among nurses at selected hospital. Methodology : A quasi-experimental non equivalent control group design was chosen to conduct the study among 60 Nurses, who were selected using purposive sampling technique. Immediately after pretest assessment,intervention was given in experimental group and hospital routine was carried out in control group. After seven days post test was collected in both the groups. Result : The comparision of post test level of knowledge between experimental and control group, revealed that the value of 12.002, was statistically significant at p<0.001level. The comparison of the post test level of skill ,revealed an unpaired
Effect of diet on lipid profile in HIV-infected patients

The implementation of highly active antiretroviral therapy has increased the life expectancy of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), thus reducing the number of deaths from acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Nowadays life expectancy of HIV(+) patients is comparable to those who are not infected. However, due to the use of antiretroviral therapy and the persistent immune activation and inflammation caused by HIV, other negative events may occur including dyslipidaemias, cardiovascular disorders, chronic kidney disease, early ageing, and neurocognitive impairment. It also increases the risk of developing metabolic syndrome and becomes a risk factor for cardiovascular disease: e.g. hypertension, brain stroke, and heart infarct. Comprehensive care of HIV patients with disturbed lipid profile includes lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes along with smoking cessation and has a beneficial effect on the lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglyceride levels). Therefore, it can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, allows the patients to avoid additional pharmacotherapy, and can eliminate drug-drug interactions with antiretroviral drugs. There are a lot of data showing that early dietary intervention and consistent diet control have a beneficial effect on lipid disorders in HIV-infected patients. Clinicians should be aware of it. In view of the benefits that can be gained by people living with HIV from dietary intervention, it is appropriate to include dieticians in a panel of specialists who take care of HIV(+) patients. HIV AIDS Rev 2018; 17, 3: 159-163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2018. 78484
Open versus primary repair following hemorrhoidectomy for Grade III hemorrhoids: a prospective comparative study

Background: The debate on open versus primary closure following haemorrhoidectomy continues to be active. Despite other methods like doppler guided haemorrhoidal artery ligation, sclerotherapy, cryotherapy, banding; open haemorrhoidectomy is performed at many places. The never-ending discussion on the better choice between open versus primary repair led to the initiation of this work.Methods: This is a prospective comparative study of a contiguous and continuous cohort of 105 cases. Alternate cases were assigned for either of the procedures. Only grade III haemorrhoids were included. Grade I and II haemorrhoids, cases treated earlier and recurrent haemorrhoids were excluded. Multiple parameters like duration of surgery, intraoperative and post-operative bleeding, pain duration and severity, time taken to return to work, use of dressings and sitz bath, wound healing time and stenosis were studied. A blinded statistical analysis was done by a third-party statistician. Results: Primary haemorrhoidectomy took a significantly longer time (P value- 0.0043). Pain was significantly less with open haemorrhoidecomy (P value- 0.0023). Post-operative pain was significant in primary repair. Pain was assessed using visual analogue scale and verbal rating scale. Open haemorrhoidectomy took a significantly longer time to heal (P value: 0.0004) and return to work (P value: 0.0001). Primary repair had stenosis requiring dilatation in a few cases. Statistical analysis was done in all cases. Conclusions: Primary repair seems to be preferred because of shorter duration of recovery despite more pain and occasional anal stenosis.
The Potential Misdiagnosis of Multifocal Motor Neuropathy as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis—A Case Series

Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a rare neuropathy that is often treatable with immunomodulatory therapy if diagnosed early. However, accurate diagnosis is difficult due to a significant overlap of symptoms with other neurological conditions, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Evidence of immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-ganglioside GM1 antibodies and electrodiagnostic findings of conduction block are useful diagnostic criteria for MMN but are not universal findings. This review explores the differential diagnosis of MMN and ALS and discusses three cases of MMN initially diagnosed as ALS, in which the correct diagnosis allowed effective treatment. These cases highlight the need for greater awareness of MMN among physicians.
LONG TERM FOLLOW-UP OF CLOZAPINE RESISTANT SCHIZOPHRENIA TREATED WITH A SHORT COURSE OF ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY

Introduction: Open label, non-randomized, follow up study was done to assess 10 years naturalistic outcome of clozapine resistant schizophrenia treated with a short course of electroconvulsive therapy. Material and methods: 11 consecutive clozapine resistant schizophrenia patients aged 18 – 65 years participated in the short term study in 2006-07. 6 sessions of bi-temporal modified electroconvulsive therapy were administered twice a week. Naturalistic follow up was done in 2016. Brief psychiatric rating scale, positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenia, clinical global impressions and global assessment of functioning were applied at baseline, after 4 sessions, after 6 sessions and after 10 years. Results: Age of 11 participants was 30.64 ± 6.120 years. Brief psychiatric rating scale score improved significantly from baseline score of 55.91 ± 7.217 to 37.45 ± 16.312 after 6 ECT sessions (p < .005 *** ). The score of positive and negative syndrome scale changed from 89.27 ± 18.488 at baseline to 67.73 ± 25.535 after 6 sessions (p < .008 *** ). After 10 years, the score on brief psychiatric rating scale was 45.91 ± 9.163 and that of positive and negative syndrome scale was 60.29 ± 14.761. The socio occupational functioning of the patients was poor at follow up. Conclusions: Electroconvulsive therapy is efficacious and safe in short term for patients with clozapine resistant schizophrenia. However, the improvement is lost once therapy is discontinued. Long term outcome of clozapine resistant schizophrenia remains poor.
Residuum Muscle Activation During Gait in Individuals with Traditional and Osteomyoplastic Amputation

Introduction In this case series, distal residuum muscle activation during self-paced, fast-paced, and load-carrying walking gaits was compared by traditional transtibial amputation (TTA) or transtibial osteomyoplastic amputation (TOA) approach. Method The activities of the residual muscles (tibialis anterior [TA] and gastrocnemius [GA]) were recorded during the three types of gait that are typically encountered during work-related activities. Results The study shows that there was substantial muscle activity in both the TA and the GA muscles of a TOA subject. On the other hand, the TA in TTA subjects did not show any appreciable activity during any of the gaits. Although the GA muscle in the intact lower limb was active in the late stance phase in both TOA and TTA subjects, this muscle was also active in the loading phase and in the early swing phase in both the groups. This GA activation occurs consistently with supporting the body weight during early stance and preparing the limb for the swing phase during the gait cycle. Conclusions The results of this study lay the foundation for future studies that investigate the effect of muscle activity on the health of the residual transtibial limb.
WASH interventions in emergencies and outbreaks: two systematic reviews and impact analyses

There is a lack of evidence-base for WASH interventions in emergencies, although many agencies collect various types of evidence that is not formally published or widely shared. The aim of this work is to help provide policy relevant evidence of WASH interventions by summarizing the information collected by NGOs, UN agencies, or local governments responding to humanitarian emergencies and disease outbreaks. A systematic search covered academic databases, agency websites, and direct solicitation of humanitarian actors. Qualitative and quantitative research methodologies, as well as, both published and grey literature were eligible for review. More than 15,000 manuscripts were identified, 1,500 abstracts assessed, and 500 full texts reviewed. Final included manuscripts will be summarized using the GRADE summary of findings around the themes of: use of service; health-related outcomes; non-health related outcomes; barriers and facilitators to implementation; and cost-effectiveness. This work will establish a real-world evidence-base for humanitarian WASH policy.
THE ROLE OF SURVIVIN AND RAF-1 KINASE AGAINST ENHANCEMENT OF PANCREATIC BETA-CELL APOPTOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Objective: This study aimed to reveal differences in levels of survivin and Raf-1 kinase in prediabetes, controlled Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), uncontrolled T2DM, and their relationship with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and serum triglyceride levels.Methods: This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study involved 60 people with T2DM who visited the endocrine and metabolic clinic and 30 prediabetes patients. The variables were survivin levels and Raf-1 kinase enzymes that examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. HbA1c values are measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and triglyceride levels measured by enzymatic method.Results: Average levels of Raf-1 kinase were significantly higher in the prediabetes group, controlled T2DM, and uncontrolled T2DM (11.6±1.4 pg mL, 9.9±1.1 pg/mL, and 9.1±1.5 pg/mL). Survivin was significantly higher in the prediabetes group, controlled T2DM, and uncontrolled T2DM (5.4±0.4 pg mL, 5.0±0.2 pg/mL, and 4.7±0.1 pg/mL). There was no correlation between HbA1c with Raf-1 kinase levels (R=−0.215, p=0.250), but there was a correlation between HbA1c with serum survivin levels (R=−0.6, *p<0.05). There was a correlation between the levels of triglycerides with survivin but not with Raf-1 kinase (R=−0.267, *p=0.039). Conclusion: Survivin and Raf-1 kinase levels are lower in uncontrolled T2DM. This explained the role of survivin and Raf-1 kinase against enhancement of pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis in patients with T2DM.
Knowledge, Belief and Attitude of the Community towards Leprosy Patients in Gindeberet Woreda, West Shewa Zone

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease of public health importance and one of the leading causes of permanent physical disability. Nevertheless, the drop in prevalence following multidrug therapy has resulted in the neglect of leprosy. The prevalence and annual incidence of new cases of leprosy is persistently high for the past 10 years in Ethiopia. The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge, belief and attitude of the community towards leprosy patients in Gindeberet Woreda, Oromia region, Ethiopia. A community based cross sectional survey design was carried out on a sample of 571 randomly selected adults. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, point bi-serial and Chi-square were utilized to analyze the collected data. As a result, 453 (79.3%) and 351 (61.5%) of respondents had poor knowledge and negative attitude towards leprosy respectively. More specifically, 263 (48.7%) of the respondents correctly believed that leprosy was caused by germs. However, 431 (75.5%), 413 (72.3%), 355(62.2%), 333 (58.3%) and 275 (48.1%) of respondents were attributed vitamin deficiency, unclean environment, impure blood, eating too much cooling food and hereditary as the causes of leprosy while only 14% and 10.5% 10.5% believed that leprosy was a punishment for sins/curse and evil spirits respectively. Hence, nearly half of respondents stated that leprosy could be transmitted from mother to infant and personal contact. Also, 140(24.5%) correctly reported that leprosy could be treated with anti-leprosy drugs. In fact, 107 (36.15%) did not want to sit with leprosy patients. Besides, 67% of the respondents were not able to list down the cardinal signs of leprosy correctly and 71% didn’t know the patho-physiology of disability in leprosy. In this study, the level of leprosy knowledge was associated with the sex, age, educational status, and religion of respondents. Moreover, sex, age and educational status had statistically significant effect on respondents’ attitude towards leprosy. In addition, among all examined variables, only sex and educational status had an interaction effect on respondents’ attitude towards leprosy. Strong positive correlation was observed between the knowledge and attitudes of the community towards leprosy patients. In conclusion, an overall lack of knowledge and prevalence of delusion regarding the cause, transmission and outcome of leprosy was identified among the community. Stigmatizing attitudes towards leprosy Research Article
EXPLORING RESEARCH-BASED YOGA INTERVENTIONS TARGETING UNDERSERVED WOMEN AND SEXUAL TRAUMA: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

ii-iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.iv TABLE OF CONTENTS.v-vii LIST OF TABLES.viii LIST OF FIGURES.ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1-9 BACKGROUND.1-3 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM.3-4 PURPOSE OF RESEARCH.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH.4 QUESTIONS . 5 DELIMITATIONS.5-6 LIMITATIONS.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS.7-9 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE.10-38 TRAUMA EXPOSURE.10-11 Prevalence and Risk Factors of Sexual Trauma Exposure . 10-11 SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH.11-12 POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD). 12-14 Symptoms of PTSD . 13-14 TRAUMA THEORY.15-16 IMPACT OF TRAUMA AND PTSD.16-25 Biological Impact.16-20 Physiology.16-17 Neurobiology . 18-19 Physical Health Consequences.19 Psychological Impact.19-22 Psychosomatic Consequences.19-20 Cognition & Emotion.20-22 Social Impact.22-25
Calling on the Patient’s Perspective in Emergency Medicine: Analysis of 1 Year of a Patient Callback Program

Background: Patient-centered approaches in the evaluation of patient experience are increasingly important priorities for quality improvement in health-care delivery. Our objective was to investigate common themes in patient-reported data to better understand areas for improvement in the emergency department (ED) experience. Methods: A large urban, tertiary-care ED conducted phone interviews with 2607 patients who visited the ED during 2015. Patients were asked to identify one area that would have significantly improved their visit. Transcripts were analyzed using content analysis, and the results were summarized with descriptive statistics. Results: The most commonly cited themes for improvement in the patient experience were wait time (49.4%) and communication (14.6%). Related, but more nuanced, themes emerged around the perception of ED crowding and compassionate care as additional important contributors to the patient experience. Other frequently cited factors contributing to a negative experience were the discharge process and inability to complete follow-up plan (8.0%), environmental factors (7.9%), perceived competency of providers in the evaluation or treatment (7.4%), and pain management (7.4%). Conclusions: Wait times and perceptions of ED crowding, as well as provider communication and compassionate care, are significant factors identified by patients that affect their ED experience.
The Multifactorial Etiopathogeneses Interplay of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Overview

The gastrointestinal system where inflammatory bowel disease occurs is central to the immune system where the innate and the adaptive/acquired immune systems are balanced in interactions with gut microbes under homeostasis conditions. This article overviews the high-throughput research screening on multifactorial interplay between genetic risk factors, the intestinal microbiota, urbanization, modernization, Westernization, the environmental influences and immune responses in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease in humans. Inflammatory bowel disease is an expensive multifactorial debilitating disease that affects thousands new people annually worldwide with no known etiology or cure. The conservative therapeutics focus on the established pathology where the immune dysfunction and gut injury have already happened but do not preclude or delay the progression. Inflammatory bowel disease is evolving globally and has become a global emergence disease. It is largely known to be a disease in industrial-urbanized societies attributed to modernization and Westernized lifestyle associated with environmental factors to genetically susceptible individuals with determined failure to process certain commensal antigens. In the developing nations, increasing incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been associated with rapid urbanization, modernization and Westernization of the population. In summary, there are identified multiple associations to host exposures potentiating the landscape risk hazards of inflammatory bowel disease trigger, that include: Western life-style and diet, host genetics, altered innate and/or acquired/adaptive host immune responses, early-life microbiota exposure, change in microbiome symbiotic relationship (dysbiosis/dysbacteriosis), pollution, changing hygiene status, socioeconomic status and several other environmental factors have long-standing effects/influence tolerance. The ongoing multipronged robotic studies on gut microbiota composition disparate patterns between the rural vs. urban locations may help elucidate and better understand the contribution of microbiome disciplines/ecology and evolutionary biology in potentially protecting against the development of inflammatory bowel disease.
Chronic exposure to cadmium is associated with a marked reduction in glomerular filtration rate

Abstract Background Urinary 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) has been associated with hypertension in women with elevated urinary cadmium (Cd) excretion rates. The present study investigates the urinary Cd and 20-HETE levels in relation to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albumin excretion in men and women. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional study, which included 225 women and 84 men aged 33–55 years, was conducted in a rural area known to be polluted with Cd. Results In all subjects, lower eGFR values were associated with higher urinary Cd excretion (P = 0.030), and tubulopathy markers N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (P < 0.001) and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) (P < 0.001). On average, the hypertensive subjects with the highest quartile of urinary Cd had eGFR values of 12 and 17 mL/min/1.73 m2 lower than that in the hypertensive (P = 0.009) and normotensive subjects (P < 0.001) with the lowest quartile of urinary Cd, respectively. In men, urinary albumin was inversely associated with 20-HETE (β = −0.384, P < 0.001), while showing a moderately positive association with systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β = 0.302, P = 0.037). In women, urinary albumin was not associated with 20-HETE (P = 0.776), but was associated with tubulopathy, reflected by elevated urinary excretion of β2-MG (β = 0.231, P = 0.002). Conclusions Tubulopathy is a determinant of albumin excretion in women, while 20-HETE and SBP are determinants of urinary albumin excretion in men. Associations of chronic exposure to Cd with marked eGFR decline and renal tubular injury seen in both Cd-exposed men and women add to mounting research data that links Cd to the risk of developing chronic kidney disease.