Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Multi-Scale Infrastructure for Chemistry and Aerosols (MUSICA)

To explore the various couplings across space and time and between ecosystems in a consistent manner, atmospheric modeling is moving away from the fractured limited-scale modeling strategy of the past toward a unification of the range of scales inherent in the Earth system. This paper describes the forward-looking Multi-Scale Infrastructure for Chemistry and Aerosols (MUSICA), which is intended to become the next-generation community infrastructure for research involving atmospheric chemistry and aerosols. MUSICA will be developed collaboratively by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and university and government researchers, with the goal of serving the international research and applications communities. The capability of unifying various spatiotemporal scales, coupling to other Earth system components, and process-level modularization will allow advances in both fundamental and applied research in atmospheric composition, air quality, and climate and is also envisioned to become a platform that addresses the needs of policy makers and stakeholders.
Dissociations Between Microstructural and Functional Hierarchies within Regions of Transmodal Cortex

While the role of cortical microstructure in organising neural function is well established, it remains unclear how structural constraints can give rise to more flexible elements of cognition. While non-human primate research has demonstrated a close structure-function correspondence, the relationship between microstructure and function remains poorly understood in humans, in part because of the reliance on post mortem analyses which cannot be directly related to functional data. To overcome this barrier, we developed a novel approach to model the similarity of microstructural profiles sampled in the direction of cortical columns. Our approach was initially formulated based on an ultra-high-resolution 3D histological reconstruction of an entire human brain and then translated to myelin-sensitive MRI data in a large cohort of healthy adults. This novel method identified a system-level gradient of microstructural differentiation traversing from primary sensory to limbic regions that followed shifts in laminar differentiation and cytoarchitectural complexity. Importantly, while microstructural and functional gradients described a similar hierarchy, they became increasingly dissociated in transmodal default mode and fronto-parietal networks. Meta analytic decoding of these topographic dissociations highlighted associations with higher-level aspects of cognition such as cognitive control and social cognition. Our findings demonstrate a relative decoupling of macroscale function from cortical microstructure in transmodal regions, which likely contributes to the flexible role these regions play in human cognition.
Long-term Productivity of Three Rambutan Cultivars Grown in an Ultisol Soil in Puerto Rico

The globalization of the economy, increased ethnic diversity, and a greater demand for healthy and more diverse food production has increased the demand for tropical fruit, including rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum). Replicated field trials to evaluate performance of rambutan cultivars have been very limited and as with many other tropical fruit crops, there is a scarcity of information on best management practices and optimal growing conditions for rambutan. The objective of this study was to determine the yield potential of three rambutan cultivars (Jitlee, R-134, R-162) when the age of grafted trees was ≈20 years. The data were compared with that obtained from an early production period when the age of the trees was ≈10 years. This information may help rambutan growers make expansion and/or investment plans. Number of fruit and yield in 2017 were significantly higher in 2017 than in 2016. In 2017, average fruit number and yield of cultivars were 582,774 fruit/ha and 19,528 kg·ha−1, respectively, whereas in 2016 were 394,269 fruit/ha and 13,164 kg·ha−1, respectively. There were no significant differences among cultivars for number of fruit produced, averaging 488,521 fruit/ha. This production is higher than the 5-year average obtained from the 2005–09 harvest period when grafted trees were about 9 years old. The results of this study demonstrate that grafted rambutan trees can remain prolific in mature orchards.
Detección del virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle en aves de traspatio en Chile

Objetivo. Verificar la presencia del virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle (ENC) en aves de sistemas productivos de traspatio (SPT) de parte de la zona central de Chile. Materiales y métodos. Entre 2013 y 2015, un total de 1,579 hisopados orotraqueales fueron colectados de gallinas, pavos, patos y gansos pertenecientes a 328 SPT de la zona central de Chile. En cada SPT, los hisopos colectados de aves de la misma especie fueron agrupados en el mismo tubo con medio de transporte formando un pool compuesto por no más de 5 muestras. Los pooles fueron analizados por RT-PCR a tiempo real. Resultados. De un total de 364 pooles, 6 resultaron positivos al virus de la ENC. Los pooles positivos correspondieron a gallinas de las regiones de Valparaíso (n = 1) y Libertador General Bernardo O’Higgins (n=5). Ningún pool correspondiente a pavos, patos o gansos fue diagnosticado positivo. Conclusiones. Los resultados positivos demuestran la presencia del virus de la ENC en SPT en Chile. Esto podría deberse a la circulación de cepas lentogénicas del virus transmitidas por aves silvestres o bien al contacto con cepas vacunales administradas en los planteles industriales cuyas aves vacunadas pueden finalizar como SPT.
Range expansion of the small spruce bark beetle Ips amitinus: a newcomer in northern Europe

Ips amitinus arrived in Northern Europe at the beginning of 1900s, although its recent expansions to the northernmost conifers have been rapid. Analyses of recent records, MaxEnt models and regional population size estimates are used to discuss its peculiar range shifts and potential as a forest pest in Northern Europe. Ips amitinus was probably absent in northern glacial refugia for Norway spruce in the Russian plain and northward expansions from its glacial refugia in the Central European mountains may have been slowed down by: (i) ecological barriers of post‐glacial dry plains and bogs in Central Europe; (ii) heavy utilization of conifers; and (iii) Allee effects as a result of fragmented forests and an unfavourable climate for a cold‐adapted species in the continental lowlands. MaxEnt models predict that I. amitinus may become widespread in the Northern European forests, whereas its populations in the southernmost mountain ranges of Europe may decline in the future. The population levels of I. amitinus in recently invaded northern areas are still lower than those in core areas of Central Europe, although the population development in Central Europe indicates that future bark beetle outbreak periods may boost the I. amitinus populations in Northern Europe as well.
Sentiment analysis of film reviews based on CNN-BLSTM-Attention

In order to accurately analyse the emotional tendency of film reviews, help investors make decisions and improve the quality of works, an optimized CNN-BLSTM-Attention sentiment analysis model was designed. The CNN model has a strong ability to capture the local correlation of spatial or temporal structures. The RNN model can either process sequences of any length or capture long-range dependencies, but it is easy to cause the problem of gradient disappearance. The CNN-BLSTM-Attention sentiment analysis model designed in this paper, which combines the advantages of CNN and RNN, is more accurate when being used to analyze the sentiment characteristics of texts. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the CNN-BLSTM-Attention after optimization model is better than that of CNN and RNN models in the experiment, which proves the effectiveness of the analysis method in this paper and can provide some significance for the optimization of related sentiment analysis models.
Effects of strength training with variable elastic resistance across the lifespan: a systematic review

The benefits of strength training programs with isotonic free weights or machines have been well-documented in all age groups. However, exercise and healthcare professionals sometime question whether it is possible to obtain the same results with devices of variable resistance, such as elastic bands. To answer this question, the purpose of this systematic review was to identify and summarize the positive effects of elastic resistance exercises used across the lifespan on health outcomes including body composition, functional and performance capacity, and biochemical variables. A secondary aim was to identify common dosage parameters of strength training programs using elastic resistance.
Structural insights into the catalytic mechanism, protein dynamics, inhibition and thermostability of GH7 cellobiohydrolases

Glycoside hydrolase family 7 cellobiohydrolases (GH7 CBH) are typically the most abundant enzymes of cellulolytic fungi and play a key role in biomass recycling in Nature, as well as in biofuel production from plant biomass. This thesis examines molecular properties of this biologically and industrially important class of enzymes. Paper I shows that HirCel7A is the most abundant protein of the serious forest pathogen Heterobasidion irregulare. The HirCel7A exhibits intermediate dynamical and structural properties between CBHs with the most closed and most open tunnels known in GH7. The results point to tunnel-enclosing loops as important for carbohydrate processivity and association-dissociation on cellulose. Paper II presents the first Michaelis complex, with cellononaose spanning 42 A of the active site, and the first glycosyl-enzyme intermediate trapped in a GH7 CBH. QM/MM calculations determine optimal reaction coordinates, and rate constants at 11 s⁻¹ for Step1 and 5300 s⁻¹ for Step2, showing that the glycosylation step is rate-limiting. A product-assisted mechanism is revealed for the deglycosylation step, indicating that expulsion of the cellobiose product is not required prior to hydrolysis of the intermediate. In Paper III, HgrCel7A from Humicola grisea var. thermoidea showed 10 °C higher Tm and 75% higher yield in a biomass performance assay at 65 °C than the canonical HjeCel7A of Hypocrea jecorina. The crystal structure of HgrCel7A indicates higher flexibility in tunnel-defining loops, and structural features potentially related to thermostability and enhanced activity, including a putative conformational switch in an active-center loop not reported previously in GH7. In Paper IV, structures of HjeCel7A in complex with xylooligosaccharides of DP 3-5 show predominant binding in the beginning of the tunnel and partial occupancy for a second binding mode near the catalytic centre. Birchwood xylan displayed ~100-fold stronger inhibition based on mass, suggesting that it may penetrate further into the tunnel and occupy a longer stretch of the active site.
Sparse Texture Representation and Classification

The objective of this paper was the classification of textured materials from a single image obtained under unknown viewpoint and illumination.There were a lot of papers about 2D texture,less about 3D.The author set out to develop a texture representation that was invariant to geometric transformation that can be locally approximated by an affine model.Experiments show that the algorithm has more feasibility and availability of texture classification.
Effects of in ovo injection of carbohydrates, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, and vitamins on ostrich organ weight, bone characteristics, and small intestinal morphology

Abstract: A total of 144 ostrich eggs (24 per group) were injected with 4 mL of physiological saline solution [positive control (PC)], carbohydrates (CHO — 20% maltose, 2.5% sucrose, and 2.5% dextrin), β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), vitamin B6 solution, and vitamin D3 (vit D3) solution at 38 d of incubation. Injection of 4 mL physiological saline decreased the hatchability compared with negative control (NC) group (not injected eggs) (68.5% vs. 71.7%; P < 0.05). There was also lower hatchability and more number of embryonic deaths before piping in vitamin-injected group (72.2%). Heart, gizzard, pancreas, spleen and thymus, ileum, cecum, and rectum relative weight were not significantly different among treatments at hatch (P > 0.05). Carbohydrates group had higher duodenum and jejunum relative weight, whereas NC and PC groups had the least duodenum, jejunum relative weight (P < 0.05). Vit D3 injection increased bone strength, fresh and dry bone relative weight (P < 0.01). Chicks from HMB and CHO group had the highest levels of glycogen in the livers, whereas PC, NC, and vit D3 exhibited very low levels of glycogen in their liver (P = 0.014). Vitamins in ovo injected groups had the least duodenum villus height and also vit D3 group had the least jejunum villus height (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the use of CHO for the in ovo injection of ostrich hatching eggs would be practical in industry due to improvement in hatchability, bone characteristics, small intestine villus height and capacity, and also liver glycogen sources.
Effects of cassava pulp mixed with monosodium glutamate by-product (CPMSG) as a protein source in goat concentrate diet

Twelve male Crossbred goats were assigned to three dietary treatments in a completely randomized design, treatments were comprised of replacement of soybean meal with CPMSG at 0 (control), 10 and 15% in concentrate. Animals were receiving concentrate at 2.0 % of BW while pangola hay was offered ad libitum basis. BW gain, ADG and CP digestibility were significantly higher (P less than 0.05), in 15% CPMSG diet. Ruminal NH3-N concentration was the highest (P less than 0.05) in CPMSG 15% treatment, total VFA concentrations were higher in CPMSG treatments (10 and 15%) than control treatment, whereas ruminal microorganism populations were similar among treatments. It could be concluded that using CPMSG can replace 15% protein source in goat concentrate diets with increased feed intake, CP digestibility, total VFA concentrations and growth performance.
Evidence of inter-sectional chloroplast capture in Corymbia among sections Torellianae and Maculatae

Chloroplast capture through hybridisation and introgression is well described within Eucalyptus. Despite the propensity of the Corymbia genus (eucalypts) to form hybrids from wide crosses, description of chloroplast capture in Corymbia has, until recently, been limited. In this study our aim was to investigate evidence of intersectional chloroplast capture between sections Torellianae and Maculatae. Using whole-genome next-generation sequencing data, the complete chloroplast genomes were assembled from four Corymbia taxa: Corymbia citriodora subspecies citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A. S.Johnson, Corymbia citriodora subspecies variegata (F.Muell.) A.R. Bean & M.W. McDonald, Corymbia henryi (S.T.Blake) K.D. Hill & L.A. S.Johnson, and Corymbia torelliana (F.Muell.) K.D. Hill & L.A. S.Johnson, represented by eight genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis and comparison among Corymbia chloroplast genomes and nuclear external transcribed spacer (ETS) sequences revealed chloroplast capture among Corymbia species across distinct sections Torellianae and Maculatae within subgenus Blakella. Reticulate evolution, along with Eucalyptus, likely extends into Corymbia as evidenced by incongruent plastid and nuclear phylogenetic trees, suggestive of its importance of hybridisation and introgression during the evolution of eucalypts.
Improving Scalability and Balancing the Network Load Using Adaptive Multiparent Crossover Method in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor network comprises of scattered sensors to sense, monitor and aggregate the sensed information. The major issue in a wireless sensor network is to balance network load and to maintain less energy consumption where multi parent crossover method is considered. Multiparent cross over method will generate offspring from parent and aims at managing the load. In this paper a comparative study of different algorithms is done where the load balancing and energy consumption issue has been resolved.
User behaviour analysis and churn prediction in ISP

There is no doubt that customer retention is vital for the service sector as companies’ revenue is significantly based on their customers’ financial returns. The prediction of customers who are at the risk of leaving a company’s services is not possible without using their connection details, support tickets and network traffic usage data. This paper demonstrates the importance of data mining and its outcome in the telecommunication area. The data in this paper are collected from different sources like Net Flow logs, call records and DNS query logs. These different types of data are aggregated together to decrease the missing information. Finally, machine learning algorithms are evaluated based on the customer dataset. The results of this study indicate that the gradient boosting algorithm performs better than other machine learning algorithms for this dataset. Keywords: Data analysis, customer satisfaction, subscriber churn, machine learning, telecommunication.
An electron microscopic study of early gonadogenesis in the hermaphroditic appendicularian Oikopleura gracilis (Tunicata, Oikopleuridae)

ABSTRACT The postembryonic development of the gonad in the hermaphroditic appendicularian O. gracilis was studied using transmission electron microscopy. The primordial germ cells were detected first in 10-h-old larvae and represent migrating primordial germ syncytium (mPGS) localized in the hemocoel of the tail/trunk junction and several haemocoel areas of the digestive compartment. The mPGS consisted of primordial germ nuclei (PGN) 2 μm in diameter, and elongate somatic-line nuclei 1.8 μm in diameter. In 12.5-h-old juveniles the gonad primordium 40 × 90 μm in size, was separated by a narrow space of haemocoel between the gut and the epidermis of the reproductive compartment. The gonad primordium consisted of the central syncytial part of primordial germ nuclei (PGN), enclosing a single layer of somatic epithelium. In 3-day-old juveniles, the gonad was differentiated into testis and ovary. The testis, 400 × 550 μm in size, is a syncytium of spermatogonial nuclei, covered by a single layer of somatic epithelium. The ovaries, 350 × 850 μm in size, consist of a syncytium with nurse nuclei and meiotic nuclei. The hermaphroditic gonad originates from extragonadal mPGS. Early gonadogenesis in appendicularians has ultrastructural features in common with early gonadogenesis in ascidians.
Comparison of the performance of age-structured models with few survey indices

Age-structured models have played an important role in fisheries stock assessment. Although virtual population analysis (VPA) was once the most widely used stock assessment model for when catch-at-age information is available, (hierarchical) statistical catch-at-age analysis (SCAA) is about to take that position. However, the estimation performance of different age-structured models has not been evaluated sufficiently, especially in cases where there are few available abundance indices. We examined the performance of VPA and SCAA using simulation data in which only the abundance indices of spawning stock biomass and recruitment were available. The simulation demonstrated that VPA with the ridge penalty selected by minimizing retrospective bias provided near-unbiased abundance estimates without catch-at-age error and moderately biased estimates with catch-at-age error, whereas SCAA with random-walk selectivity suffered from problems in estimating parameters and population states. Without sufficient information on abundance trends, naïvely using SCAA with many random effects should be done cautiously, and comparing results from various age-structured models via simulation tests will be informative in selecting an appropriate stock assessment model.
Maximizing Information Transmission for Energy Harvesting Sensor Networks by an Uneven Clustering Protocol and Energy Management

For an energy harvesting sensor network, when the network lifetime is not the only primary goal, maximizing the network performance under environmental energy harvesting becomes a more critical issue. However, clustering protocols that aim at providing maximum information throughput have not been thoroughly explored in Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks (EH-WSNs). In this paper, clustering protocols are studied for maximizing the data transmission in the whole network. Based on a long short-term memory (LSTM) energy predictor and node energy consumption and supplement models, an uneven clustering protocol is proposed where the cluster head selection and cluster size control are thoroughly designed for this purpose. Simulations and results verify that the proposed scheme can outperform some classic schemes by having more data packets received by the cluster heads (CHs) and the base station (BS) under these energy constraints. The outcomes of this paper also provide some insights for choosing clustering routing protocols in EH-WSNs, by exploiting the factors such as uneven clustering size, number of clusters, multiple CHs, multihop routing strategy, and energy supplementing period
Profiling Genome Editing Outcomes for Biological Studies and Disease Treatment

Profiling Genome Editing Outcomes for Biological Studies and Disease Treatment by Yidan Pan CRISPR/Cas9 systems are designed to make siteand sequence-specific alterations to the genomes of a wide variety of organisms by targeting with userdefined guide RNAs (gRNAs) and Cas9 nucleases. Their high degree of efficiency and ease of construction in performing genome editing have led to a revolution in life sciences and medicine. However, challenges in quantifying genome editing outcomes need to be addressed. In this work, we first utilized CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing to introduce small indel (insertion and deletion) mutations in the nearby regions of pre-selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and evaluated the potential of this approach for fine mapping causal variants to identify expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Our approach, expression CROP-seq, consists of multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing followed by single-cell RNA-seq to measure perturbations in transcript abundance. We found that two SNPs out of 67 total target loci significantly altered the expressions of CISD1 and PARK7 genes, respectively. The expression CROP-seq approach is relatively inexpensive and has the capability of large scale fine-mapping. We further addressed two unmet needs that are critical for therapeutic genome editing: the profiling of on-target mutagenesis patterns and the analysis of genomewide off-target effects. CRISPR/Cas9 induced DNA double-strand breaks result in large deletions and complex genomic rearrangements, which cannot be detected by short-read Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Therefore, we developed long-range PCR based assays to profile on-target CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis patterns. Our results confirmed that the current gold standard of short-range PCR based assessment is unable to detect alleles containing large deletions. We also found that the profiles of large deletions are gRNAand locus-specific. We further demonstrated that individual-specific genome variants could change the target-site profiling of gRNA designs. Our evaluation of current off-target prediction algorithms demonstrated the lack of capability to identify novel individual-specific off-target sites created by SNPs. To address this issue, we developed a bioinformatics tool that accommodates personal genomes for off-target identification to facilitate personalized therapeutic genome editing. In summary, we have developed quantitative tools for profiling genome editing outcomes that can be used widely for biological studies and disease treatment.