Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emerging Varieties of Post-Communist Capitalism in Central and Eastern Europe: Where Do We Stand?

Abstract The aims of the present article are three-fold. First, we conduct a survey of the most representative theoretical and empirical research on the emerging varieties of post-communist capitalism in Central and Eastern Europe. We critically review standard conceptual frameworks, their applications and derivatives, and non-standard approaches. Second, we highlight the major peculiarities of institutional development in CEE countries that make the direct application of both standard and non-standard theoretical frameworks problematic. Finally, we outline the possible directions of future research on the emerging models of post-communist capitalism and suggest essential extensions to the methodology involved.
DRGAN: a deep residual generative adversarial network for PET image reconstruction

Positron emission tomography (PET) image reconstruction from low-count projection data and physical effects is challenging because the inverse problem is ill-posed and the resultant image is usually noisy. Recently, generative adversarial networks (GANs) have also shown their superior performance in many computer vision tasks and attracted growing interests in medical imaging. In this work, the authors proposed a novel model [deep residual generative adversarial network (DRGAN)] based on GANs for the reduction of streaking artefacts and the improvement of PET image quality. An innovative feature of the proposed method is that the authors trained a generator to produce `residual PET map' (RPM) for image representation, rather than generate PET images directly. DRGAN used two discriminators (critics) to enforce anatomically realistic PET images and RPM. To better boost the contextual information, the authors designed residual dense connections followed with pixel shuffle operations (RDPS blocks) that encourage feature reuse and prevent losing resolution. Both simulation data and real clinical PET data are used to evaluate the proposed method. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, the quantification results show that DRGAN can achieve better performance in bias-variance trade-off and provide comparable image quality. Their results were rigorously evaluated by one radiologist at the Shanxi Cancer Hospital.
The Prevalence of Thiamin Deficiency in Ambulatory Patients with Heart Failure

Thiamin is a required coenzyme in the production of energy to fuel myocardial contraction. Therefore, thiamin deficiency (TD) may contribute to myocardial weakness by limiting the available energy for myocyte contraction. Previous studies report a wide range for the prevalence of TD in patients with heart failure (HF) (3% to 91%). These trials are limited by their small sample size, indirect measurement of thiamin status, exclusion criteria, and their focus on hospitalized patients. Therefore, this study determined the prevalence of TD in a large (n=100) group of ambulatory patients with HF, using high performance liquid chromotography. The prevalence of TD ([thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP)] ≤ 180 nM/l erythrocytes) was found to be 7%. TD was not related to furosemide use, dietary thiamin intake, severity of the HF, or age. More investigation into the factors that may influence development of TD in ambulatory patients with HF is warranted.
Two novel alleles in C. elegans mir-1822 gene.

(A) zen100 and zen101 are novel alleles of mir-1822. (B,C) Sequence information for the two mir-1822 deletions. (B) zen100 removes 43 bps from the mir-1822 locus. (C) zen101 removes 41 bps from the mir-1822 locus.
Knowledge Models for Spatial Planning: Ecosystem Services Awareness in the New Plan of Bari (Italy)

The concept of ecosystem services (ES) arises as a formal outcome of historical processes of understanding and interpreting settlements as complex ecological systems. Because of a straightforward, bottom-up demand for environment enhancement, this concept increasingly occurs in discourses, in narratives, in the demands of common people, triggering a new urban environmental awareness. This is now often arising spontaneously in the protocols of participatory plan processes, especially when planning for the future of complex environments such as city areas. The present study tries to elicit reflections around the significance of ES issues awareness in the case study of Bari (Italy), which is experiencing an inclusive and participatory process of construction of shared knowledge for the new master plan. Starting from an initial campaign of civic walks (CWs) along the urban neighborhoods and a subsequent semi-structured interview to the community, the paper carries out comparative analyses using problem-structuring methods (PMs), in order to evaluate and reflect on community behaviors and expectations about ES. Then the paper ends by emphasizing the role of structured knowledge-raising approaches, as critical activities to enhance ecosystem awareness in planning settlements as complex ecological systems.
Iterative soft-decision decoding of linear block codes

The authors show that for linear block codes defined over extensions of GF(2) a variant of the sub-optimal soft-decision Dorsch (1974) algorithm offers very good performance with low complexity. Furthermore, we show that, owing to the nature of the algorithm, it can easily be adapted to produce a soft-decision output. This is then exploited in an iterative decoding scheme for product codes which is based on a decoding algorithm first proposed by Pyndiah (see IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.46, no.8, p.1003-10, 1998 and by Aitsab and Pyndiah (see Proceedings of the IEEE Globecom'96 conference, vol.1/3 p.121-5, 1996). Two different interleaver structures are presented yielding different performances both in terms of coding delay and bit-error-rate for a given signal-to-noise ratio. Reed Solomon codes are used in the simulations. For reasons of complexity, only codes defined over GF(16) are considered. Simulations were carried out for the AWGN channel.
Seismic moment tensor event screening

Event screening is an explosion monitoring practice that aims to identify an event as an explosion (‘screened in’) or not (‘screened out’). Confidence in event screening can be increased if multiple independent approaches are used. We describe a new approach to event screening using the seismic moment tensor and its representation on the hypersphere, specifically the 5-sphere of 6-degree unit vectors representing the normalized symmetric moment tensor. The sample of moment tensors from an explosion data set is unimodal on the 5-sphere and can be parametrized by the Langevin distribution, which is sometimes referred to as the Normal distribution on the hypersphere. Screening is then accomplished by finding the angle from the explosion population mean to any newly measured moment tensor and testing if that angle is in the tail of the Langevin distribution (conservatively quantified as greater than 99.9 per cent of the cumulative density). We apply the screen to a sample of earthquakes from the Western USA and the September 2017 explosion and subsequent collapse at the Pungyye-Ri Test Site in North Korea. All the earthquakes and the collapse screen out, but the explosion does not.
Learning to Deal With Repeated Shocks Under Strategic Complementarity: An Experiment

Experimental evidence shows that the rational expectations hypothesis fails to characterize the path to equilibrium after an exogenous shock when actions are strategic complements. Under identical shocks, however, repetition allows adaptive learning, so that inertia in adjustment should fade away with experience. If this finding proves to be robust, inertia in adjustment may be irrelevant among experienced agents. The conjecture in the literature is that inertia would still persist, perhaps indefinitely, in the presence of real-world complications such as nonidentical shocks. Herein, we empirically test the conjecture that the inertia in adjustment is more persistent if the shocks are nonidentical. For both identical and nonidentical shocks, we find persistent inertia and similar patterns of adjustment that can be explained by backward-looking expectation rules. A reformulation of naive expectations with similarity-based learning approach is found to have a higher predictive power than rational and trend-following rules.
Spatiotemporal variation in reference evapotranspiration and its contributing climatic factors in China under future scenarios

Global climate change is likely to affect reference evapotranspiration (ET0), which is important for agricultural water resources and food security. Analysis of ET0 changes is also important for understanding climate change and its impacts on hydrology. In this study, ET0 was calculated from 2020 to 2099 in nine agricultural regions and the entire country of China utilizing the Penman–Monteith method based on bias‐corrected climate data from the global climate models MIROC‐ESM‐CHEM, NorES1‐M, IPSL‐CM5A‐LR, GFDL‐ESM 2M and HadGEM2‐ES under future climate change scenarios. The spatiotemporal characteristics of seasonal and annual ET0 and climatic variables were analysed based on the Mann–Kendall test with trend‐free prewhitening (TFPW‐MK) and Sen's slope estimator. Sensitivity coefficient and multivariate regression were used to identify factors controlling the change in ET0. The results showed that seasonal and annual air temperature and precipitation both increased under all climate scenarios, and the majority of relative humidity and wind speed values showed downward trends during 2020–2099. The lowest annual ET0 values were found in the NECR and QTR, and the SCR had the maximum ET0. Both the TFPW‐MK and slope statistics showed an upward trend of seasonal ET0 during 2020–2059 under all scenarios. During 2060–2099, seasonal ET0 values showed a slight and nonsignificant downward trend under RCP 2.6, while upward trends were produced in other scenarios. Areas with high ET0 values were located in the SCR, GXR and HHHR, while low ET0 values mainly occurred in the NECR and QTR. The ET0 for the four seasons in the SCR was higher than that in the other regions, and the summer ET0 was the highest compared with that in the other seasons overall. For the attribution assessment, Tavg is the main controlling variables to ET0 trends under the interaction of multiple climatic factors though RH is the most sensitive.
Poisson’s ratios of molded pulp materials by digital image correlation method and uniaxial tensile test

The mechanical properties of molded pulp materials are the basis of the structural optimum design of molded pulp products. Therefore, the correlations between Poisson’s ratio and fiber structure, molding process, and thickness were found for materials including wood pulp, bamboo pulp, sugarcane pulp, white mixed pulp, black mixed pulp, recycled corrugated board pulp, and recycled newspaper pulp by the uniaxial tensile test and digital image correlation method. The fiber structures of the selected molded pulp materials were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed Poisson’s ratios of wood pulp, bamboo pulp, sugarcane pulp, white mixed pulp, black mixed pulp, recycled corrugated board pulp, and recycled newspaper pulp to be 0.169, 0.108, 0.202, 0.120, 0.166, 0.098, and 0.044, respectively. Microstructural investigation further revealed that Poisson’s ratios of molded pulp materials were related to the fiber structure and drying method. The pulp material dried outside mold under lower pressure and temperature had a smaller Poisson’s ratio, while that dried inside mold under higher pressure and temperature had a larger Poisson’s ratio. The layered phenomenon of the molded pulp materials was also found by scanning electron microscopy images: the outer layer was denser than the inner layer. These results can provide guidance for the numerical simulation analysis and optimal design of molded pulp products.
Dedicated breast PET to improve clinical diagnosis of breast cancer: Initial evaluation.

e12097Background: Unlike whole body (WB) 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET, dedicated breast PET (DBPET) enables detailed high-resolution images within the breast and quantitative assessment using SUV. We aimed to determine whether DBPET can detect ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and predict the malignancy and neoplastic progress of invasive breast cancer. Methods: We investigated 155 consecutive patients with breast cancer who underwent concurrent DB– and WB– PET (Elmammo®) between January and November 2016. All DB– and WB– PET images were quantified based on standard uptake values (SUV). We also assessed 12 patients with ring-like uptake (RU) without central FDG accumulation in invasive breast cancers on DBPET images. Results: The SUV (means ± SD) determined from DB– and WB– PET images of breast cancer were 8.2 ± 7.7 and 3.1 ± 3.3 respectively. We detected DCIS in DB- and WB– PET images from 22 (84.7%) and 15 (57.6%) of 26 among the 155 patients, respectively (p = 0.003). The SUV on WB– PET images was si.
Algorithm diversity metric for N-version software

Software reliability and fault tolerance are in the list of the primary importance tasks to be solved in industrial applications. N-version programming is one of the approaches contributing to the solution. This approach implies the realization of a set of software modules versions. The effectiveness of the approach is obtained by the modules versions diversification: the higher the diversification than higher the reliability. The subject matter of the article is the difference between the software modules versions at the level of algorithms, i.e. the version diversification. The hypothesis about the quantitative metric that defines the differences between programs is verified by the experiment results. The experiment was dedicated to the analysis of several realizations of program algorithms for inner sorting of numerical arrays. There was an execution trace for each algorithm and it reflected the way of algorithm operation in multidimensional space. The analysis that was held on the basis of the suggested concept about the obtained execution traces of implemented algorithms discovers both the differences between algorithms and the similarities between the modifications of the same algorithm.
A tale of two Canadian cities: Comparing supervised consumption site (SCS) policy making in Toronto and Vancouver

Abstract The Canadian government recently sanctioned a supervised consumption site (SCS) that is currently in Vancouver, British Columbia. The government is open to sanctioning more sites across the country; however, by law the federal health minister must consider whether such facilities are supported by local governments representing the cities where the sites are proposed to be located. Until 2016, the government of Canada’s largest city, Toronto, did not support SCSs. Drawing on Lenton cannabis policy research, this study analyses government documents, policy papers, scientific reports, and newspaper articles and secondary literature to identify some of the significant barriers that minimised the likelihood that Toronto’s council would support SCSs between 2003 and 2016. The report compares conditions in Toronto to those of Vancouver where SCSs have enjoyed council support since 2001. This study find that three conditions play an important role in explaining why SCSs were supported in Vancouver 14 years before they were endorsed in Toronto: (1) Strong public support; (2) Favourable electoral conditions; and (3) Law enforcement support. Changes in Toronto surrounding these conditions help explain why its council endorsed SCSs in 2016. This study concludes that Lenton’s research holds utility as a socio-legal theory of municipal drug policy change.
Independent domestications shape the genetic pattern of a reproductive isolation system in rice

Severe reproductive isolation (RI) exists between the two subspecies of rice, Indica and Japonica, but in the wild ancestors no post-zygotic RI was found. The studies about the establishment of the interspecies RI of rice are still rear. A pair of rice hybrid sterility genes, DOPPELGANGER 1 (DPL1) and DOPPELGANGER 2 (DPL2), offers a convenient example to study the evolutionary history of RI genes. Either of the two loci has one non-functional allele (DPL1- and DPL2-). The hybrid pollen carrying both DPL1- and DPL2- will be sterility. We collected 811 individuals: Oryza sativa (132), the two wild ancestors O. nivara (296) and O. rufipogon (383) as well as 20 DPL1 and 34 DPL2 sequences of O. sativa from on-line databases. We analysed the genetic and geographic pattern of DPLs in all three species to determine the origination regions of DPL1- and DPL2-. The neutral test as well as the diversities of nucleotide and haplotype were used to detect if selection shaped the pattern of DPLs. We found that DPL1- and DPL2- of rice emerged from wild ancestor populations in South Asia and South China through two respective domestications. Comparing with the ancestral populations, DPL1- and DPL2- both showed reduce of diversities, however their frequencies increased in rice. We assume that the reduce of diversities due to the bottleneck effect of domestication while the loss of one copy was preferred by artificial selection for cost savings.
Remotely sensed rivers in the Anthropocene: state of the art and prospects

The rivers of the world are undergoing accelerated change in the Anthropocene, and need to be managed at much broader spatial and temporal scales than before. Fluvial remote sensing now offers a technical and methodological framework that can be deployed to monitor the processes at work and to assess the trajectories of rivers in the Anthropocene. In this paper, we review research investigating past, present and future fluvial corridor conditions and processes using remote sensing and we consider emerging challenges facing fluvial and riparian research. We introduce a suite of remote sensing methods designed to diagnose river changes at reach to regional scales. We then focus on identification of channel patterns and acting processes from satellite, airborne or ground acquisitions. These techniques range from grain scales to landform scales, and from real time scales to inter‐annual scales. We discuss how remote sensing data can now be coupled to catchment scale models that simulate sediment transfer within connected river networks. We also consider future opportunities in terms of datasets and other resources which are likely to impact river management and monitoring at the global scale. We conclude with a summary of challenges and prospects for remotely sensed rivers in the Anthropocene. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using the Effective Void Ratio and Specific Surface Area in the Kozeny–Carman Equation to Predict the Hydraulic Conductivity of Loess

Many modified Kozeny–Carman (KC) equations have been used to predict the saturated permeability coefficient (Ks) of porous media in various fields. It is widely accepted that the KC equation applies to sand but does not apply to clay. Little information is available to clarify this point. The effectiveness of the KC equation will be evaluated via laboratory penetration tests and previously published data, which include void ratio, specific surface area (SSA), liquid limit (LL), and permeability coefficient values. This paper demonstrates how to estimate the SSA of cohesive soil from its LL. Several estimation algorithms for determining the effective void ratio (ee) of cohesive soil are reviewed. The obtained results show that, compared to the KC equation based on porosity and geometric mean particle size (Dg), the KC equation based on the SSA and the ee estimation algorithm can best predict the Ks of remolded loess. Finally, issues associated with the predictive power of the KC equation are discussed. Differences between measured and the predicted Ks values may be caused by the uniformity of the reconstructed specimen or insufficient control of the test process and errors in the SSA and ee.
Trauma informed care with military populations

ABSTRACT Many of the most challenging issues military members and their families are facing are trauma related. Agencies and treatment providers working with military members and their families should be able to recognize and respond to symptoms based on a trauma informed care perspective. This article describes frequent trauma responses found in this population and how to assess these reactions. It explores and endorses a Trauma-informed care treatment framework for understanding and intervening with military-connected clients that centrally emphasizes individual, family, and systems strengths, adaptation, and resiliency and that is built on the five essential care principles of safety, trustworthiness, choice, collaboration, and empowerment. The article further highlights research-supported, adjunctive, and alternative trauma-informed clinical interventions for members, veterans, and their families along with providing guidance on how to adjust these approaches for these clients.
The Effect of Net Profit Margin, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Return on Equity against Company Value in Food and Beverage Manufacturing Sub-sector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

This research deals with the effect of net profit margin, debt to equity ratio, and return on equity against company value in food and beverage manufacturing sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchange. The variables in this study are described using descriptive statistics. The result shows that Partially, Net Profit Margin has no effect on the company value in food and beverage companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. Partially, Debt to Equity has no effect on the company value in food and beverage companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. Partially, Return on Equity affects the company value in food and beverage companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018.
Porous V2O5 yolk–shell microspheres for zinc ion battery cathodes: activation responsible for enhanced capacity and rate performance

Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries have attracted significant attention for practical energy storage due to their low cost and high safety, however, it is still a hard task to find suitable cathode materials to meet the demand of both high capacity and rate performance. Here, we propose a high-performance anhydrous V2O5 yolk–shell cathode via a facile template-free solvothermal technique. Owing to its porous structure, the V2O5 cathode could largely facilitate rapid electrolyte transportation and restrain structural collapse during cycling. Moreover, it is interesting to find that the interlayer spacing expands from 4.37 to 13.45 A through an interesting activation process, as a result, the prepared V2O5 cathode demonstrated high reversible capacities of 410 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and 182 mA h g−1 at 20 A g−1 and a capacity retention of 80% can be achieved over 1000 cycles at 5.0 A g−1, which is superior to those of most commonly reported anhydrous V2O5 cathodes. Therefore, this paper demonstrates the potential of V2O5 for achieving high energy/power densities as a cathode material in ZIBs.