Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The strato-rotational instability of Taylor–Couette and Keplerian flows

The linear inviscid stability of two families of centrifugally stable rotating flows in a stably stratified fluid of constant Brunt–Väisälä frequency N is analysed by using numerical and asymptotic methods. Both Taylor–Couette and Keplerian angular velocity profiles ΩTC = (1 − μ)/r2 + μ and ΩK = (1 − λ)/r2 + λ/r3/2 are considered between r = 1 (inner boundary) and r = d > 1 (outer boundary, or without boundary if d = ∞). The stability properties are obtained for flow parameters λ and μ ranging from 0 to +∞, and different values of d and N. The effect of the gap size is analysed first. By considering the potential flow (λ = μ = 0), we show how the instability associated with a mechanism of resonance for finite-gap changes into a radiative instability when d → ∞. Numerical results are compared with large axial wavenumber results and a very good agreement is obtained. For infinite gap (d = ∞), we show that the most unstable modes are obtained for large values of the azimuthal wavenumber for all λ and μ. We demonstrate that their properties can be captured by performing a local analysis near the inner cylinder in the limit of both large azimuthal and axial wavenumbers. The effect of the stratification is also analysed. We show that decreasing N is stabilizing. An asymptotic analysis for small N is also performed and shown to capture the properties of the most unstable mode of the potential flow in this limit.
Spatial and temporal patterns of insect-order activity in the fynbos, South Africa

The fynbos of South Africa is renowned for its high richness of plant species, many of which are insectpollinated. We conducted a visual survey of arthropod activity to examine how environmental factors influence activity patterns across the biome. We estimated the activity of moving medium- to large-sized Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera using an abundance-weighted presence score. Broken stick regression analysis shows that insect activity increased with ambient air temperatures to between 22 and 30 °C and then stabilized in the case of Hymenoptera, or decreased for Diptera, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. There was also a clear negative impact of wind speed on arthropod activity. Insect activity across the biome was poorly explained by landscape temperature and rainfall variables, and was instead best explained by flower availability. A summer-autumn survey observed greater insect activity with no within-month variation, while the transition from winter to spring for the winter-spring survey saw more insect activity associated with the later months. More detailed studies of activity in the fynbos are needed at the species level, as predicted climate change impacts on temperature suggest likely consequences for plant-pollinator interactions, agricultural pest species, and arthropod-predator interactions.
Characterization of sucrose thin films for biomedical applications

Sucrose is a natural osmolyte accumulated in the cells of organisms as they adapt to environmental stress. In vitro sucrose increases protein stability and forces partially unfolded structures to refold. Thin films of sucrose (C12H22O11) were deposited on thin cut glass substrates by the thermal evaporation technique (P ∼ 10-5 torr). Characteristics of thin films were put into evidence by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential thermal analysis and thermal gravimetric analysis (TG/DTA). The experimental results confirm a uniform deposition of an adherent layer. In this paper we present a part of the characteristics of sucrose thin films deposited on glass in medium vacuum conditions, as a part of a culture medium for osteoblast cells. Osteoblast cells were used to determine proliferation, viability, and cytotoxicity interactions with sucrose powder and sucrose thin films. The osteoblast cells have been provided from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) Centre. The outcome of this study demonstrated the effectiveness of sucrose thin films as a possible nontoxic agent for biomedical applications.
Monetary and Fiscal Policies and the Growth Laffer Curve: Panel Data Evidences

The present paper examines the mitigating effect of monetary and fiscal policies on the “Growth Laffer curve” (GLC) using a panel data of 38 high income countries over the period 2003-2012. Adopting generalised method of moments (GMM) estimators, the paper finds evidence substantiating the presence of an inverted-U GLC. Moreover, the evidence suggests that the GLC shifts downward by employing expansionary monetary and fiscal policies and that the tax rate turning point beyond which economic growth decline is higher in countries with higher level of debt-to-GDP ratio and money supply. These results are robust to addition of alternative controlled variables in the GLC specification. Our results strengthen the case for heterogeneous GLC across countries. As an implication, a government may enhance the efficiency within the “fiscal space” by either raising the productivity of public spending or cutting fiscal debt. Moreover, using money as a financing instrument should be carefully supervised due to its impact in generating large inflation rates and distorting capital accumulation and economic growth.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Mammals of Borneo – small size on a large island

Aim Island mammals have featured prominently in models of the evolution of body size. Most of these models examine size evolution across a wide range of islands in order to test which island characteristics influence evolutionary pathways. Here, we examine the mammalian fauna of a single island, Borneo, where previous work has detected that some mammal species have evolved a relatively small size. We test whether Borneo is characterized by smaller mammals than adjacent areas, and examine possible causes for the different trajectories of size evolution between different Bornean species.
Ion conductive polymer electrolyte membranes and simulation of their fractal growth patterns

Due to their high ionic conductivity, solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) systems have attracted wide spread attention as the most appropriate choice to fabricate all-solid-state electrochemical devices, namely batteries, sensors and fuel cells. In this work, ion conductive polymer electrolyte membranes have been prepared for battery fabrication. However, fractals were found to grow in these polymer electrolyte membranes weeks after they were prepared. It was believed that the formation of fractal aggregates in these membranes were due to ionic movement. The discovery of fractal growth pattern can be used to understand the effects of such phenomenon in the polymer electrolyte membranes. Digital images of the fractal growth patterns were taken and a simulation model was developed based on the Brownian motion theory and a fractal dialect known as L-system. A computer coding has been designed to simulate and visualize the fractal growth
Towards MEMS-based chem/bio sensing arrays with on-chip optical read-out

Sensing on the microscale using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) has established itself commercially as one of the dominant world-wide sensing technologies, providing commercialised sensing solutions for pressure, inertia, temperature, as well as for more challenging applications in remote infrared imaging and energy harvesting. However, to date MEMS has not delivered any commercially successful chem/bio sensor, even though it has been established for some time that microcantilever-based sensing can detect chem/bio agents at the level of single molecules or even zeptograms (10 -21 g). The widespread application of this class of sensors has been largely impeded by the lack of a technology capable of performing high-resolution measurements of large arrays of MEMS devices. We demonstrate a technology capable of filling that need that is based on MEMS suspended microcantilevers and an on-chip optical read-out, and show an implementation of an effective toluene sensor. Streszczenie. Mikroczujniki wykonane w technologii MEMS zdominowaly światowe technologie dostarczając rozwiązan komercyjnych do pomiaru ciśnienia, bezwladności i temperatury. Pojawily sie rowniez bardziej zaawansowane zastosowania w dziedzinie zobrazowania podczerwieni i kumulacji energii. Do dzisiaj jednak nie udalo sie zademonstrowac komercyjnego czujnika chemiczno-biologicznego, chociaz raporty o wysokiej czulości mikro-belek umozliwiające rejestracje pojedynczej molekuly (zeptogramy, 10 -21 g) są juz dostepne w literaturze. Glownym problemem ograniczającym rozwoj tej technologii jest brak metod umozliwiających pomiar odksztalcenia matryc mikro-belek z wysoką rozdzielczością. Artykul prezentuje technologie otrzymania wymaganej rozdzielczości dla duzych matryc mikro-belek w technologii MEMS z wykorzystaniem metod optycznych. Jako przyklad zastosowania przedstawiono rezultaty dla czujnika toluenu. Rozwoj czujnikow MEMS z zintegrowanym systemem odczytu
Phase change in subducted lithosphere, impulse, and quantizing Earth surface deformations

Abstract. The new paradigm of plate tectonics began in 1960 with Harry H. Hess's 1960 realization that new ocean floor was being created today and is not everywhere of Precambrian age as previously thought. In the following decades an unprecedented coming together of bathymetric, topographic, magnetic, gravity, seismicity, seismic profiling data occurred, all supporting and building upon the concept of plate tectonics. Most investigators accepted the premise that there was no net torque amongst the plates. Bowin (2010) demonstrated that plates accelerated and decelerated at rates 10−8 times smaller than plate velocities, and that globally angular momentum is conserved by plate tectonic motions, but few appeared to note its existence. Here we first summarize how we separate where different mass sources may lie within the Earth and how we can estimate their mass. The Earth's greatest mass anomalies arise from topography of the boundary between the metallic nickel–iron core and the silicate mantle that dominate the Earth's spherical harmonic degree 2 and 3 potential field coefficients, and overwhelm all other internal mass anomalies. The mass anomalies due to phase changes in olivine and pyroxene in subducted lithosphere are hidden within the spherical harmonic degree 4–10 packet, and are an order of magnitude smaller than those from the core–mantle boundary. Then we explore the geometry of the Emperor and Hawaiian seamount chains and the 60° bend between them that aids in documenting the slow acceleration during both the Pacific Plate's northward motion that formed the Emperor seamount chain and its westward motion that formed the Hawaiian seamount chain, but it decelerated at the time of the bend (46 Myr). Although the 60° change in direction of the Pacific Plate at of the bend, there appears to have been nary a pause in a passive spreading history for the North Atlantic Plate, for example. This, too, supports phase change being the single driver for plate tectonics and conservation of angular momentum. Since mountain building we now know results from changes in momentum, we have calculated an experimental deformation index value (1–1000) based on a world topographic grid at 5 arcmin spacing and displayed those results for viewing.
Abnormal Network Traffic Detection Based on Semi-Supervised Machine Learning

Network intrusions will cause abnormal network traffic flow. The abnormal network traffic detection can be used to identify the network intrusions. The traditional intrusion detection system is based on pattern recognition which only can be used for well-known network attack behavior. Machine learning can be used to abstract the characters of a class of objects. In this paper we use machine learning classifiers to distinguish abnormal network traffic from the normal traffic background. The experiments show that this is efficient to detect new intrusion. In order to increase the accuracy for new attack detection, our scheme select the with high confidence samples from testing set to expand the training set which is a semi supervised strategy.
Quality Changes of Pork in Relation to Packaging Conditions During Chilled Storage in Households

Proper storage of left-over meat in a household refrigerator is important for extending its shelf-life and assuring its safety until it is next used. Various fresh meat packaging methods were examined to determine their effects on the quality characteristics of pork loins during household storage at 5 o C. The packaging methods include 1) wrapping in a polyethylene pouch (WP), 2) keeping in an air-tight plastic container (CP), and 3) using a household vacuum packaging machine (VP). The fastest increase in total aerobic bacteria during storage occurred in the WP samples, followed by the CP and VP samples. The count of Pseudomonas spp. was found to be lowest in the VP, and then the CP and WP samples. Enterobacteriaceae grew fastest in the WP samples, followed by the CP and VP samples. The WP samples also incurred the most significant increase in thiobarbituric acids and volatile basic nitrogen values over the storage period, as compared to the CP and VP samples. Off-odour at 30 min after opening the package, was first notable at day 11 in WP samples, but only at day 15 in the CP and VP samples. The colour also deteriorated earlier in the WP samples than in the CP and VP samples.
Use of Weather Variables for Predicting Fall Covey Calling Rates of Northern Bobwhites

A newly developed technique for estimating fall northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) density is currently being employed in parts of the United States. One aspect of this technique involves predicting morning covey calling rates (i.e., the proportion of coveys that call on a given morning). We monitored 60 radiomarked coveys, a total of 229 covey observations, to determine whether or not each covey called. Calling rates were evaluated in relation to date, year, area, temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, barometric status, cloud coverage, and wind speed. We used logistic regression to test 9 a priori models as predictive models of bobwhite covey calling behavior. Models were compared using Akaike information criteria (AICc) values to determine the relative importance of 6 different variables (wind speed, date, temperature, cloud coverage, barometric pressure, and relative humidity). An exploratory analysis was then conducted to find the best predictive model using the best subsets model selection procedure. Standard errors of the coefficients in the best models were calculated using a traditional bootstrapping technique. We found an overall calling rate of 78%. Wind speed and date were the most influential of the 6 variables used in a priori model tests. Nine of the 19 exploratory models fit the data reasonably well. The best model included area and wind speed as independent variables, and was a better model than the best a priori model. There was a difference in calling rates between areas, and as a consequence, we recommend caution in application of our models to new areas. Citation: Seiler, T. P., R. D. Drobney, and T. V. Dailey. 2002. Use of weather variables for predicting fall covey calling rates of northern bobwhites. Pages 91–98 in S. J. DeMaso, W. P. Kuvlesky, Jr., F. Hernandez, and M. E. Berger, eds. Quail V: Proceedings of the Fifth National Quail Symposium. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Austin, TX.
Liderazgo carismático y actividad empresarial: un análisis empírico

entrepreneurship literature frequently identifies entrepreneurs as possessing a charismatic personality. Charisma is broadly defined as a combination of the talent to foresee market opportunities and the ability to motivate other people in the materialization of these opportunities. Business organizations also provide the context for developing skills and knowledge, which is particularly valuable for potential entrepreneurs who identify business opportunities. Using a sample of 41 countries, we show that higher rates of charismatic leadership at the country level are positively associated with entrepreneurial activity. this outcome suggests that both business-oriented and educational organizations that promote charismatic leadership play a significant role in the development of entrepreneurial incubators.
A Multi-Agent System Approach Applied to Light Raycasting

Light and shadows caused by the interaction with objects are important features in computer graphics which areusually taken into account to achieve realistic images. In order to simulate them, some attempts have been carried outwhich are based on direct illumination classical approaches as shadow mapping and shadow volumes. However,classical approaches in their beginnings could not support semi-transparent objects, soft-shadows, light interactionsinside objects and the possibility to update a scene based on previous information.In this paper a novel shadow casting approach is proposed to solve the previously mentioned problem using aninteractive cooperative multi agent system to provide a better understanding and easy customization of the renderedscenes; for instance, the scenes are represented with object agents that propagate rectilinear photon informationthrough them causing several changes on photon properties such as wavelength, intensity, among others. Thissystem uses a two-dimensional space represented by pixels.Our multi-agent system (MAS) uses a blackboard architecture for storing and sharing data and the implicit invocationdesign pattern. The system was developed to calculate direct illumination in a two-dimensional space. In addition, theproposed system supports point light agents, opaque agents, semi-opaque agents and empty agents.A comparison is presented between the classic approaches and the proposed one presented in this work in scenescomposed of opaque and semi-opaque objects. The proposed approach, as opposed to the classical ones, allows theshadows to be casted by the light that passes through semi-opaque objects. The light is casted by one or many lightagents producing hard and soft shadows.
Inter-comparison of laboratory smog chamber and flow reactor systems on organic aerosol yield and composition

Abstract. A variety of tools are used to simulate atmospheric aging, including smog chambers and flow reactors. Traditional, large-scale smog chambers age emissions over the course of hours to days, whereas flow reactors rapidly age emissions using high oxidant concentrations to reach higher degrees of oxygenation than typically attained in smog chamber experiments. The atmospheric relevance of the products generated under such rapid oxidation warrants further study. However, no previously published studies have compared the yields and chemical composition of products generated in flow reactors and smog chambers from the same starting mixture. The yields and composition of the organic aerosol formed from the photo-oxidation of α-pinene and of wood-combustion emissions in a smog chamber (SC) and two flow reactors: a potential aerosol mass reactor (PAM) and a micro-smog chamber (MSC), were determined using aerosol mass spectrometry. Reactants were sampled from the SC and aged in the MSC and the PAM using a range of hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations and then photo-chemically aged in the SC. The chemical composition, as well as the maximum yields and emission factors, of the products in both the α-pinene and wood-combustion systems determined with the PAM and the SC agreed reasonably well. High OH exposures have been shown previously to lower yields by breaking carbon–carbon bonds and forming higher volatility species, which reside largely in the gas phase; however, fragmentation in the PAM was not observed. The yields determined using the PAM for the α-pinene system were slightly lower than in the SC, possibly from increased wall losses of gas phase species due to the higher surface area to volume ratios in the PAM, even when offset with better isolation of the sampled flow from the walls. The α-pinene SOA results for the MSC were not directly comparable, as particles were smaller than the optimal AMS transmission range. The higher supersaturation in the flow reactors resulted in more nucleation than in the SC. For the wood-combustion system, emission factors measured from the MSC were typically lower than those measured from the SC. Lower emission factors in the MSC may have been due to considerable nucleation mode particles formed in the MSC which were not detected by the AMS or due to condensational loss of gases to the walls inside or after the MSC. More comprehensive coverage of the potential particle size range is needed in future SOA measurements to improve our understanding of the differences in yields when comparing the MSC to the SC. The PAM and the SC agreed within measurement uncertainties in terms of yields and composition for the systems and conditions studied here and this agreement supports the continued use of the PAM to study atmospheric aging.
Involvement of the INO80 Complex in Chromosome Segregation

Chromatin remodeling complexes are multi-protein complexes that regulate the dynamics of the nucleosomes in the genome. The INO80 chromatin remodeling complex participates in varied biological processes such as: transcription, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome integrity. It catalyzes the eviction of the H2A.Z variant histone as well as whole nucleosome eviction. This complex is comprised of 15 subunits and the contribution of each to chromosome segregations remains unknown. To evaluate the contribution of each subunit to chromosome segregation, we tested deletion mutants of the non-essential subunits for DNA content and benomyl sensitivity. Also, we assessed members of the SWR1 and NuA4 complexes which relate to the same substrate. Additionally, specific members of the complex were tested for genetic interaction with SGO1. The deletion of INO80, ARP5, ARP8, IES6 and TAF14 cause increased ploidy and increased benomyl sensitivity. Additionally, overexpression of SGO1 suppresses the benomyl sensitivity and possibly protects the cell from diploidization. Overall, specific subunits of the complex play a role in chromosome segregation and defects caused by mutants of INO80 could be alleviated by SGO1-mediated bi-orientation.
Risk Capital, Private Credit, and Innovative Production (Capital De Risque, Crédit Privé Et Production Innovante)

English Abstract: Although ideas production plays a critical role for growth, there has been only a modicum of research on the role played by financial forces in fostering new inventions. Drawing on Schumpeterian growth theory, this paper tests the roles of risk capital and private credit in stimulating knowledge production. Using panel data for 77 countries over the period 1965–2009, we find that countries with more developed financial systems are more innovative. A stronger patent protection framework, on the other hand, curbs innovative production.French Abstract: Meme si la production d’idees joue un role critique dans la croissance, il y a eu peu de recherche sur le role joue par les forces financieres dans la promotion de nouvelles inventions. En se basant sur la theorie schumpeterienne de la croissance, ce texte calibre les roles du capital de risque et du credit prive dan s la stimulation de la production de connaissance. Utilisant des donnees de panel pour 77 pays pour la periode 1965–2009, on decouvre que les pays qui ont des systemes financiers plus developpes sont plus innovateurs. Un cadre plus robuste de protection des brevets, d’autre part, ralentit la production innovante.