Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On a Poincar\'e-Perron problem for high order differential equation

We address asymptotic formulae for the classical Poincaré-Perron problem of linear differential equations with almost constant coefficients in a half line [t0,+∞) for high order equation n ≥ 5 and some t0 ∈ R. By using a scalar nonlinear differential equation of Riccati type of order n−1, we recover Poincaré’s and Perron’s results and provide asymptotic formulae with the aid of Bell’s polynomials. Furthermore, we obtain some weaker versions of Levinson, Hartman-Wintner and Harris-Lutz type Theorems without the usual diagonalization process. For an arbitrary n ≥ 5, these are corresponding versions to known results for cases n = 2, 3 and 4.
Galaxy Light Profile Convolutional Neural Networks (GaLNets). I. Fast and Accurate Structural Parameters for Billion-galaxy Samples

Next-generation large sky surveys will observe up to billions of galaxies for which basic structural parameters are needed to study their evolution. This is a challenging task that, for ground-based observations, is complicated by seeing-limited point-spread functions (PSFs). To perform a fast and accurate analysis of galaxy surface brightness, we have developed a family of supervised convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to derive Sérsic profile parameters of galaxies. This work presents the first two Galaxy Light profile CNNs (GaLNets) of this family. The first one is trained using galaxy images only (GaLNet-1), and the second is trained with both galaxy images and the local PSF (GaLNet-2). We have compared the results from GaLNets with structural parameters (total magnitude, effective radius, Sérsic index, etc.) derived from a set of galaxies from the Kilo-Degree Survey by 2DPHOT as a representative of the “standard” PSF-convolved Sérsic fitting tools. The comparison shows that GaLNet-2 can reach an accuracy as high as that of 2DPHOT, while GaLNet-1 performs worse because it misses the information from the local PSF. Both GaLNets are three orders of magnitude faster than standard methods in terms of computational speed. This first application of CNNs to ground-based galaxy surface photometry shows that they are promising tools to perform parametric analyses of very large galaxy samples, like the ones expected from the Vera Rubin/LSST surveys. However, GaLNets can be easily modified for space observations from Euclid and the China Space Station Telescope.
Power-of-two Policies in Redundancy Systems: the Impact of Assignment Constraints

In classical power-of-two load balancing any server pair is sampled with equal probability. This does not cover practical settings with assignment constraints which force non-uniform server sampling. While intuition suggests that non-uniform sampling adversely impacts performance, this was only supported through simulations, and rigorous statements have remained elusive. Building on product-form distributions for redundancy systems, we prove the stochastic dominance of uniform sampling for a four-server system as well as arbitrary-size systems in light traﬃc.
Software model-checking as cyclic-proof search

This paper shows that a variety of software model-checking algorithms can be seen as proof-search strategies for a non-standard proof system, known as a cyclic proof system. Our use of the cyclic proof system as a logical foundation of software model checking enables us to compare different algorithms, to reconstruct well-known algorithms from a few simple principles, and to obtain soundness proofs of algorithms for free. Among others, we show the significance of a heuristics based on a notion that we call maximal conservativity; this explains the cores of important algorithms such as property-directed reachability (PDR) and reveals a surprising connection to an efficient solver of games over infinite graphs that was not regarded as a kind of PDR.
OSSEM: one-shot speaker adaptive speech enhancement using meta learning

Although deep learning (DL) has achieved notable progress in speech enhancement (SE), further research is still required for a DL-based SE system to adapt effectively and efficiently to particular speakers. In this study, we propose a novel meta-learning-based speaker-adaptive SE approach (called OSSEM) that aims to achieve SE model adaptation in a one-shot manner. OSSEM consists of a modified transformer SE network and a speaker-specific masking (SSM) network. In practice, the SSM network takes an enrolled speaker embedding extracted using ECAPA-TDNN to adjust the input noisy feature through masking. To evaluate OSSEM, we designed a modified Voice Bank-DEMAND dataset, in which one utterance from the testing set was used for model adaptation, and the remaining utterances were used for testing the performance. Moreover, we set restrictions allowing the enhancement process to be conducted in real time, and thus designed OSSEM to be a causal SE system. Experimental results first show that OSSEM can effectively adapt a pretrained SE model to a particular speaker with only one utterance, thus yielding improved SE results. Meanwhile, OSSEM exhibits a competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art causal SE systems.
C18O Emission as an Effective Measure of Gas Masses of Protoplanetary Disks

Many astrochemical models of observed CO isotopologue line emission, earlier considered a good proxy measure of H2 and hence disk gas mass, favor large deviations in the carbon and oxygen gas phase abundances and argue that severe gas phase CO depletion makes it a poor mass tracer. Here, we show that C18O line emission is an effective measure of the gas mass, and despite its complex chemistry, a possibly better tracer than HD. Our models are able to reproduce C18O emission from recent Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array surveys and the TW Hya disk to within a factor of ∼2–3 using carbon and oxygen abundances characteristic of the interstellar medium (C/H = 1.4 × 10−4; O/H = 3.2 × 10−4) without having to invoke unusual chemical processing. Our gas and dust disk structure calculations considering hydrostatic pressure equilibrium and our treatment of the CO conversion on grains are primarily responsible for the very different conclusions on disk masses and CO depletion. As did previous studies, we find that a gas phase C/O of ∼1–2 can explain observed hydrocarbon emission from the TW Hya disk; but significantly, we find that CO isotopologue emission is only marginally affected by the C/O ratio. We therefore conclude that C18O emission provides estimates of disk masses that are uncertain only to within a factor of a few, and describe a simplified modeling procedure to obtain gas disk masses from C18O emission lines.
An Automatic Light Communication System for Vessel

In this paper, we present an automatic light communication system for vessel. Light communication is a conventional communication mean which has been used in vessel for several years. Light communication has little to do with the surrounding environments. What is more, electromagnetic interference (EMI) has no impact on light communication, which is kernel for military application. Also light communication has a somehow long distance. However, it takes a long time for traditional light communication system to translate even a short message, and most of the work is done by human, some work such as sending and receiving signals must be done by well-trained artificer. Because of some inescapable human reasons, some mismatch signal in the process of sending and receiving may cause some fatal mistake and failure. To avoid the demerit of traditional light communication system, an improved light communication system for vessel is presented. In the proposed light communication system, the sending and receiving process is automatic and controlled by computer, both the communication speed and accuracy is improved, without the loss of merits of traditional light communication system. Some experimental results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed communication system.
Plasma Waves Accessibility Diagrams: A Tutorial to Include the Fluid and Kinetic Thermal Effects

Although the accurate description of the wave propagation and absorption in plasmas requires complicated full wave solutions or kinetic simulations, the local dispersion analysis can still be helpful to capture the main physics of wave properties. Plasma wave accessibility informs that whether a wave can propagate to a region, which usually depends on the wave frequency, wave vector, and the local plasma density and magnetic field. In this tutorial paper, we describe the wave accessibility beyond usual textbooks and especially highlight the warm plasma effects. Useful numerical models and methods are provided, which can be used to obtain a quick view of the wave accessibility parameters space. The thermal effects are modeled by both multi-fluid model with isotropic pressure term and kinetic model with Maxwellian velocity distribution function. All cold plasma waves from high frequency electron cyclotron waves, intermediate frequency low hybrid waves to low frequency ion cyclotron waves, as well as kinetic ion and electron Bernstein waves, are presented. The questions that how many plasma wave modes exist and how to find the solutions are also discussed. It is interesting to find that the warm multi-fluid model, though incapable of reproducing the Bernstein modes, can provide a quick way to determine whether the thermal effects are important. To show the kinetic thermal effects, the ray tracing calculations of the mode conversion from cold plasma waves to kinetic waves are also provided, i.e., from the slow X electron cyclotron wave to electron Bernstein wave and from the ion cyclotron fast wave to ion Bernstein wave.
Interweaving Polar Charge Orders in a Layered Metallic Superatomic Crystal

, Electronic properties of super-atomic crystals have not been sufficiently explored due to the versatility of their building units; moreover, their inter-unit couplings are even poorly understood. Here, we present a joint experiment-theory investigation of a rational-designed layered super-atomic crystal of Au 6 Te 12 Se 8 cubes, stacked by non-covalent inter-cube quasi-bonds. We found a sequential-emerged anisotropic triple-cube charge-density-wave (tc-CDW) and polarized metallic states below 120 K, as revealed via scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, transport measurement, Raman spectra, and density functional theory. The polarized states are locked in an anti-parallel configuration, which is required for maintaining the inversion symmetry of the center-cube in the tc-CDW. The anti-polar metallic states are thus interweaved by the charge-density-wave and the polarized
TomoSLAM: factor graph optimization for rotation angle refinement in microtomography

In computed tomography (CT), the relative trajectories of a sample, a detector, and a signal source are traditionally considered to be known, since they are caused by the intentional preprogrammed movement of the instrument parts. However, due to the mechanical backlashes, rotation sensor measurement errors, thermal deformations real trajectory differs from desired ones. This negatively affects the resulting quality of tomographic reconstruction. Neither the calibration nor preliminary adjustments of the device completely eliminates the inaccuracy of the trajectory but significantly increase the cost of instrument maintenance. A number of approaches to this problem are based on an automatic refinement of the source and sensor position estimate relative to the sample for each projection (at each time step) during the reconstruction process. A similar problem of position refinement while observing different images of an object from different angles is well known in robotics (particularly, in mobile robots and self-driving vehicles) and is called Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM). The scientific novelty of this work is to consider the problem of trajectory refinement in microtomography as a SLAM problem. This is achieved by extracting Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) features from X-ray projections, filtering matches with Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC), calculating angles between projections, and using them in factor graph in combination with stepper motor control signals in order to refine rotation angles.
New scenario of QCD axion clump formation I: Linear analysis

The QCD axion acquires the potential through the non-perturbative effect of the QCD matters around the QCD phase transition. During this period, the direct interaction between the axion and the QCD matters sets in. Focusing on the impact of this direct interaction, we propose two scenarios where axion miniclusters potentially can be formed even if the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry was already broken during inflation.
GASKAP-HI pilot survey science I: ASKAP zoom observations of Hi emission in the Small Magellanic Cloud

Abstract We present the most sensitive and detailed view of the neutral hydrogen ( ${\rm H\small I}$ ) emission associated with the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), through the combination of data from the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) and Parkes (Murriyang), as part of the Galactic Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (GASKAP) pilot survey. These GASKAP-HI pilot observations, for the first time, reveal ${\rm H\small I}$ in the SMC on similar physical scales as other important tracers of the interstellar medium, such as molecular gas and dust. The resultant image cube possesses an rms noise level of 1.1 K ( $1.6\,\mathrm{mJy\ beam}^{-1}$ ) $\mathrm{per}\ 0.98\,\mathrm{km\ s}^{-1}$ spectral channel with an angular resolution of $30^{\prime\prime}$ ( ${\sim}10\,\mathrm{pc}$ ). We discuss the calibration scheme and the custom imaging pipeline that utilises a joint deconvolution approach, efficiently distributed across a computing cluster, to accurately recover the emission extending across the entire ${\sim}25\,\mathrm{deg}^2$ field-of-view. We provide an overview of the data products and characterise several aspects including the noise properties as a function of angular resolution and the represented spatial scales by deriving the global transfer function over the full spectral range. A preliminary spatial power spectrum analysis on individual spectral channels reveals that the power law nature of the density distribution extends down to scales of 10 pc. We highlight the scientific potential of these data by comparing the properties of an outflowing high-velocity cloud with previous ASKAP+Parkes ${\rm H\small I}$ test observations.
Collective dynamics of heavy ion collisions in ATLAS

The latest measurements of collective behaviour in a variety of collision systems with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, including collisions at 13 TeV, collisions at 5.44 TeV, and \mbox{Pb+Pb}Pb+Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV, are presented. They include v_nvn-[p_{T}pT] correlations, which carry important information about the initial-state geometry of the quark-gluon plasma and can shed light on any quadrupole deformation in the Xe nucleus, and measurements of flow decorrelations differential in rapidity, which probe the longitudinal structure of the colliding system. These measurements furthermore provide stringent tests of the theoretical understanding of the initial state in heavy ion collisions.
Semi-equivelar toroidal maps and their covers

A map K on a surface is called vertex-transitive if the automorphism group of K acts transitively on the set of vertices of K. If the face-cycles at all the vertices in a map are of same type then the map is called semi-equivelar. In general, semi-equivelar maps on a surface form a bigger class than vertex-transitive maps. There are semi-equivelar toroidal maps which are not vertex-transitive. A map is called minimal if the number of vertices is minimal. A map M → K is a covering map if there is a covering map from the vertex set of M to the vertex set of K. A covering map f is a surjection and a local isomorphism : the neighbourhood of a vertex v in M is mapped bijectively onto the neighbourhood of f(v) in K. We know the bounds of number of vertex orbits of semi-equivelar toroidal maps. These bounds are sharp. Datta [6] has proved that every semi-equivelar toroidal map has a vertex-transitive cover, i.e., every semi-equivelar toroidal map has a 1-orbital semiequivelar covering map. In this article, we prove that if a semi-equivelar map is k orbital then it has a finite index m-orbital minimal covering map for m ≤ k. We also show the existence and classification of n sheeted covering maps of semi-equivelar toroidal maps for each n ∈ N. MSC 2010 : 52C20, 52B70, 51M20, 57M60.
Self-Learned Intelligence for Integrated Decision and Control of Automated Vehicles at Signalized Intersections

Intersection is one of the most accident-prone urban scenarios for autonomous driving wherein making safe and computationally efficient decisions is non-trivial. Current research mainly focuses on the simplified traffic conditions while ignoring the existence of mixed traffic flows, i.e., vehicles, cyclists and pedestrians. For urban roads, different participants lead to a quite dynamic and complex interaction, posing great difficulty to learn an intelligent policy. This paper develops the dynamic permutation state representation in the framework of integrated decision and control (IDC) to handle signalized intersections with mixed traffic flows. Specially, this representation introduces an encoding function and summation operator to construct driving states from environmental observation, capable of dealing with different types and variant number of traffic participants. A constrained optimal control problem is built wherein the objective involves tracking performance and the constraints for different participants, roads and signal lights are designed respectively to assure safety. We solve this problem by gradient-based optimization, wherein the reasonable state will be given by the encoding function and then served as the input of policy and value function. An off-policy training is designed to reuse observations from driving environment and backpropagation through time is utilized to update the policy function and encoding function jointly. Verification result shows that the dynamic permutation state representation can enhance the driving performance of IDC, including comfort, decision compliance and safety with a large margin. The trained driving policy can realize efficient and smooth passing in the complex intersection, guaranteeing driving intelligence and safety simultaneously.
G-Elo: generalization of the Elo algorithm by modeling the discretized margin of victory

Abstract In this work we develop a new algorithm for rating of teams (or players) in one-on-one games by exploiting the observed difference of the game-points (such as goals), also known as a margin of victory (MOV). Our objective is to obtain the Elo-style algorithm whose operation is simple to implement and to understand intuitively. This is done in three steps: first, we define the probabilistic model between the teams’ skills and the discretized MOV variable: this generalizes the model underpinning the Elo algorithm, where the MOV variable is discretized into three categories (win/loss/draw). Second, with the formal probabilistic model at hand, the optimization required by the maximum likelihood rule is implemented via stochastic gradient; this yields simple online equations for the rating updates which are identical in their general form to those characteristic of the Elo algorithm: the main difference lies in the way the scores and the expected scores are defined. Third, we propose a simple method to estimate the coefficients of the model, and thus define the operation of the algorithm; it is done in a closed form using the historical data so the algorithm is tailored to the sport of interest and the coefficients defining its operation are determined in entirely transparent manner. The alternative, optimization-based strategy to find the coefficients is also presented. We show numerical examples based on the results of the association football of the English Premier League and the American football of the National Football League.
Pushing the frontier of WIMPy inelastic dark matter: journey to the end of the periodic table

We explore the reach of low-background experiments made of small quantities of heavy nuclear isotopes in probing the parameter space of inelastic dark matter that is kinematically inaccessible to classic direct detection experiments. Through inelastic scattering with target nuclei, dark matter can yield a signal either via nuclear recoil or nuclear excitation. We present new results based on this approach, using data from low-energy gamma quanta searches in low-background experiments with Hf and Os metal samples, and measurements with CaWO$_4$ and PbWO$_4$ crystals as scintillating bolometers. We place novel bounds on WIMPy inelastic dark matter up to mass splittings of about 640 keV, and provide forecasts for the reach of future experiments.
A Microwaver Powered, Long Duration, High Altitude Platform

A complete microwave power transmission system for a long-endurance, high-altitude (60,000 ft.) airship is described. The system includes an electronically steerable, active phased-array consisting of thousands of identical radiating modules to beam the power, and a light weight, thin-film rectenna mounted on the underside of the airship to absorb and rectifying the incoming microwave power. Application to an airplane is also discussed.
Theory of a forward-biased diffused-junction P-L-N rectifier—Part III: Further analytical approximations

The approximate theory of the diffused-junction p-L-n rectifier, as developed in Part II of this series [2], is extended to include the realistic situation where the number of recombination centers in the diffused region can be much greater than that in the base region. The proposed extension employs the same analytical model for the diffused junction as in Part II, but uses a different approach in its treatment of the effective base region. By comparison with exact numerical solutions, the validity of the theory is established for a representative high-power silicon single-diffused n+-p-p+structure operating under high-level conditions. Some possible applications of the theory are considered.
Fabrication of resonant-tunnelling optical bistable laser diodes

A resonant-tunnelling optical bistable laser is fabricated by monolithically integrating an InGaAs/InAlAs MQW laser diode and an InGaAs/AlAsSb resonant-tunnelling phototransistor. Inverter type light-input/light-output optical bistable operation is achieved with this bistable laser.