Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Debate Over Globalization: How to Move Forward by Looking Backward

In 1919, a disillusioned and pessimistic John Maynard Keynes penned his famous indictment of the Treaty of Versailles, The Economic Consequences of the Peace. This work is best known for its incisive analysis condemning French and British shortsightedness in imposing a draconian settlement on Germany. But in an early chapter, Keynes also provided a masterful survey of the economic landscape of the world as it stood before the war. These pages merit close reading today, as Keynes described realities and dilemmas remarkably similar to those we currently face. Keynes (1920, 11-12) wrote nostalgically:
Estimation of Paleoearthquake Magnitude : Deterministic Method

The nuclear facilities require to withstand an effect of the earthquake that may occur during their lifetime. However, it is not easy to predict accurately the potential of earthquake that may occur in their sites. It has been debated that some of the Quaternary faults near the nuclear power plant site in SE Korean peninsula are active or not since early 1990’s. In case that those are the active fault, estimating the size of earthquakes from the fault is one of the most important issues in the seismic hazard analysis for nuclear power plants. In this study, we discussed the methods for evaluation of the maximum potential earthquake, and estimated the size of paleoearthquake from the fault sources.
Evolutionary Mapping of the "Organizational Rejuvenation" Concept as a Research Domain (1965- 2019): Bibliometric Analysis and Research Gaps

Bostani Alireza PhD candidate, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Iran Bostani@ut.ac. ir Dr. Zali Mohammad Reza Associate Professor Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Iran Mrzali@ut.ac. ir Dr. Faghih Nezameddin Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran faghihnezam@ut.ac. ir Dr. Kordnaeij Asadollah Professor, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran naeij@modares.ac. ir
Rotating waves during human sleep spindles organize global patterns of activity during the night

During sleep, the thalamus generates a characteristic pattern of transient, 11-15 Hz sleep spindle oscillations, which synchronize the cortex through large-scale thalamocortical loops. Spindles have been increasingly demonstrated to be critical for sleep-dependent consolidation of memory, but the specific neural mechanism for this process remains unclear. We show here that cortical spindles are spatiotemporally organized into circular wave-like patterns, organizing neuronal activity over tens of milliseconds, within the timescale for storing memories in large-scale networks across the cortex via spike-time dependent plasticity. These circular patterns repeat over hours of sleep with millisecond temporal precision, allowing reinforcement of the activity patterns through hundreds of reverberations. These results provide a novel mechanistic account for how global sleep oscillations and synaptic plasticity could strengthen networks distributed across the cortex to store coherent and integrated memories. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.17267. 00
Predicting Students’ Adjustment considering Basic Psychological Needs and Achievement Goals

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between basic psychological needs and achievement goals and students' adjustment. The research method was correlation, and the study’s population included all students of Kharzmi University. The sample consisted of 200 students (i.e., 100 females and 100 males) who were selected through convenience sampling method. The instrument included Basic Psychological Needs scale (Guardia, Deci & Ryan, 2000), Midgley’s Goal Orientations scale (GOS) (1998) and Farahbkhsh’s College Adjustment scale (CAS). The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression. The result showed that there were significant positive relationships between the psychological needs, autonomy, competence and social, academic, emotional adjustment and self-discovery. Moreover, there were significant positive relationships between mastery goal achievement, social, academic and emotional adjustment, attachment to the field of study or the university and selfdiscovery. In addition, there was a positive relationship between approach-performance achievement and attachment to the field and the university. The results also showed that none of the dimensions of psychological needs and achievement goals could explain the students’ adjustment .
Self-Reboot-Mobility of Self-Cleaning Antimicrobial Industry on Textiles and Apparel for Impact of COVID-19

Self-reboot-mobility of self-cleaning antimicrobial industry on textiles and apparel is receiving an increasing amount of interest worldwide as a method to address Antimicrobial in materials. In particular, for advanced high-performance fiber-reinforced polymer of self-reboot-mobility (SRM) with composite materials, Self-reboot-mobility of self-cleaning antimicrobial industry on textiles and apparel offers an alternative to employing conservative damagetolerant designs and a mechanism for ameliorating inaccessible and invidious internal Antimicrobial within a structure. This article considers in some detail the various self-reboot-mobility of self-cleaning antimicrobial industry on textiles and apparel technologies currently being developed for SRM with composite materials. Key constraints for incorporating such a function in SRMs are that it not be detrimental to inherent mechanical properties and that it not impose a severe weight penalty
A SURVEY OF PRODUCT DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY NZOIA SUGAR COMPANY

Pursuing product diversification activities may enable a firm to exploit market opportunities and enjoy the benefits of economies of scale or scope. Product diversification may also achieve competitive advantage for companies through economies of scale and other synergies from using the company’s resources and capabilities across different product lines (Geringer et al., 2000). Such synergies from product diversification are more likely to be realized when firms expand into related lines of new products and markets (Qian, 1997; Luo, 2002). Therefore, Qian (2002) reported that product diversification is positively related to a firm's profitability. This study sought to determine product diversification strategies adopted by Nzoia Sugar Company and also to establish what managers of the company consider to be the relationship between product diversification and performance. This study used a case study analysis since the unit of analysis was one organization. Primary data was collected from the company management staff by use of interview guides. Interview guides were designed and administered through interview and discussions with key informants who include senior managers and departmental heads. The completed interview guides were edited for completeness and consistency before processing the responses. Being a case study, content analysis was most useful.From the findings, the study found that the product diversifications strategies adopted by Nzoia Sugar Company were moving from 50 kilogram unbranded sugar into packaged branded sugar in 5 kilogram 1 kilogram packet, 2 kilogram packet, 1⁄2 kilogram packet and 10 kilogram packet. The company by-product (molasses) is sold to other users for making industrial products like Spirits and other commercial alcoholic products and also develops cane seedlings that are sold to farmers. Product diversification increased the company’s sales, creates competitive advantage, it grows the business portfolio and profitability of the company and also improved company turnover. The study therefore recommends that Nzoia Sugar Company should fully embrace product diversification in order to improve the performance of the firm by increasing sales, creating a competitive advantage over the competitors and also to enhance customer loyalty to the products.
AUDITORY EVALUATION IN A CASE OF HEARING LOSS IN AN INFANT WITH CONGENITAL ZIKA SYNDROME (CZS)

Background: The Zika virus (ZIKV) was detected in Brazil in 2014. At the end of 2015 microcephaly was the first distinctive sign. By 2016, the first two cases of congenital Zika had been described, with a strong correlation between the virus and microcephaly. Case report: A male infant was born at 32 weeks gestation, weight 1,750 grams, cranial perimeter 26 cm. He remained in intensive care for 5 days for neonatal seizures, required oxygen therapy, and had early sepsis. After 11 days in hospital a diagnosis of microcephaly was made. At 12 months, hydrocephalus was identified by computed tomography, with calcification foci in the subcortical region, basal nuclei, cerebellum, and brainstem. These characteristics are typical of congenital zika syndrome (CZS). Audiological tests were done: immittanciometry (tympanometry and acoustic reflex), transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE), distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), click ABR, and frequency following response (FFR). In patients with ZIKV, radiological findings show distinctive calcifications at the gray– white matter junction and degrees of delayed cortical development. The findings here of no acoustic reflex and a reduction in otoacoustic emissions in both ears is a preliminary indication of outer hair cell involvement that could later lead to communication deficits. ABR responses showed hearing pathway impairment in both ears up to the brainstem, and diminished FFR responses point to possible difficulties in speech perception. The present case study adds to our knowledge of the effect of CZS on the auditory system and strengthens the recommendation that ZIKV be included as an indicator for risk of hearing loss.
Pitch Coding in Vocalists and Non Musicians to Carnatic Music Stimuli: A Frequency Following Response (FFR) Study

Objective: The current study investigates pitch coding among Vocalists and Non Musicians for Carnatic Music stimuli. Method: Two groups of participants were included in the study. First group consisted of 15 trained Carnatic Vocalists in the age range of 18-45 years while the second group consisted of 15 Non musicians. Two types of stimuli were recorded. The first stimulus consisted of three notes of a Carnatic raga (S R2 G3) sung by a trained vocalist. The second stimulus consisted of three notes of a Carnatic raga (S R2 G3) played on violin by a trained violinist. Frequency following responses (FFR) was recorded binaurally at 80dBSPL for both stimuli using neuroscan equipment. Results: Grand average responses of all participants were generated. To assess participants pitch tracking to the Carnatic music stimuli, stimulus to response correlation, pitch strength and pitch error were calculated. Results revealed that Vocalists had better stimulus to response correlation and pitch strength values with lower pitch error values than non musicians for both vocal and instrumental stimuli. Within the Vocalist group, superior performance was noticed for vocal stimulus compared to instrumental stimuli. No such preference was evident amongst the non musicians. Conclusions: Classical music training leads to better representation of pitch in the auditory brainstem.
Serotonin/HTR1E signaling blocks chronic stress-promoted progression of ovarian cancer

Rationale: Psychological stress has been linked to cancer development and resistance to therapy by many epidemiological and clinical studies. Stress-induced immunosuppressive microenvironment by stress hormones, in particular glucocorticoids, has been extensively studied. However, the impacts of other stress-related neurotransmitters, such as serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), on cancer development just start to be revealed. Here, we aimed to identify novel neurotransmitters involved in stress-induced growth and dissemination of ovarian cancer (OC) and reveal the major underlying signaling pathway and the therapeutic significance. Methods: Through a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen in the murine orthotopic model of ovarian carcinoma (OC), we identified candidate genes regulating the peritoneal dissemination of OC. Among them, we picked out HTR1E, one member of 5-HT receptor family specifically expressed in the ovary and endometrium in addition to brain. The correlation of HTR1E expression with OC progression was analyzed in OC patient specimen by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses were performed to explore the functions of 5-HT/HTR1E signaling in OC growth and dissemination in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we investigated the therapeutic values of HTR1E specific agonist and small molecular inhibitors against HTR1E downstream factor SRC in a stressed murine OC xenograft model. Results: In OC patients, the HTR1E expression is dramatically decreased in peritoneal disseminated OC cells, which correlates with poor clinical outcome. Silence of HTR1E in OC cells greatly promotes cell proliferation and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) by the activation of SRC-mediated downstream signaling pathways. Furthermore, chronic stress results in significantly decreased serotonin in the ovary and the enhanced OC growth and peritoneal dissemination in mice, which can be strongly inhibited by specific HTR1E agonist or the SRC inhibitor. Conclusions: We discovered the essential role of serotonin/HTR1E signaling in preventing the chronic psychological stress-promoted progression of OC, suggesting the potential therapeutic value of the HTR1E specific agonist and the SRC inhibitor for OC patients who are suffering from psychological stress.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Calculated and Thermal Study of Copper and Cobalt Complexes with Dacarbazine

Dacarbazine, DAC, 5-(3,3-dimethyltriazeno)imidazol-4-carboxamideis is an imidazolecarboxamide derivative, that is structurally related to purines. DAC belongs to the triazene compounds, which are a group of alkylating agents with antitumour and mutagenic properties. DAC is a non-cell cycle specific drug, active on all phases of cellular cycle. In the frame of this work the 3d-metal complexes (cobalt and copper) with dacarbazine were synthesized. Their spectroscopic properties by the use of FT-IR, FT-Raman and 1HNMR were studied. The structures of dacarbazine and its complexes with copper(II) and cobalt(II) were calculated using DFT methods. The effect of metals on the electronic charge distribution of dacarbazine was discussed on the basis of calculated NBO atomic charges. The reactivity of metal complexes in relation to ligand alone was estimated on the basis of calculated energy of HOMO and LUMO orbitals. The aromaticity of imidazole ring in dacarbazine and the complexes was compared (on the basis of calculated geometric indices of aromaticity). Thermal stability of the investigated 3d-metal complexes with dacarbazine and the products of their thermal decomposition were analyzed.
Road traffic sign detection and classification using Capsule Network

: Many years ago detecting and recognizing road traffic sign was done by the convolutional neural network (CNN). CNN has played an import role in the field of computer vision and a variant of CNN has proven to be successful in classification tasks across different domains; nevertheless, there are two disadvantages to CNN: one their failure to take into the consideration of important spatial hierarchies between features, and their lack of rotational invariance [1]. To overcome this concern, G. Hinton et al. propose a novel of neural network using the concept of capsules in a recent paper [1]. Our core idea is to use CapsNet to detect and do classification of road traffic sign. Capsule network has achieved the state-of-the-art accuracy of 98.3% on German traffic sign recognition Benchmark dataset.
Long-Term Spectral Pseudo-Entropy (LTSPE): A New Robust Feature for Speech Activity Detection

Speech detection systems are known as a type of audio classifier systems which are used to recognize, detect, or mark parts of an audio signal including human speech. Applications of these types of systems include speech enhancement, noise cancellation, identification, reducing the size of audio signals in communication and storage, and many other applications. Here, a novel robust feature named Long-Term Spectral Pseudo-Entropy (LTSPE) is proposed to detect speech and its purpose is to improve performance in combination with other features, increase accuracy and to have acceptable performance. To this end, the proposed method is compared to other new and well-known methods of this context in two different conditions, with uses a speech enhancement algorithm to improve the quality of audio signals and without using speech enhancement. In this research, the MUSAN dataset is used, which includes a large number of audio signals in the form of music, speech, and noise. Also, various known methods of machine learning are used. As well as criteria for measuring accuracy and error in this paper are the criteria for F-Score and Equal-Error Rate (EER), respectively. Experimental results on MUSAN dataset show that if the proposed feature LTSPE is combined with other features, the performance of the detector is improved. Moreover, the proposed feature has higher accuracy and lower error compared to similar ones.
LAYER-BY-LAYER ASSEMBLY OF THE POLYELECTROLYTES ON MESOPOROUS SILICON NANOPARTICLES

2 PROLOGUE . 3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS . 5 INTRODUCTION 1. Nanoparticles . 9 1.1 Characteristics . 9 1.2 General types of nanoparticles . 10 2. Nanoparticles in pharmaceutical research . 12 3. Challenges in nanoparticle research . 14 3.1 Toxicity . 14 3.2 Aggregation . 15 3.3 Opsonisation . 15 4. Surface modifications . 17 4.1 Targeting molecules . 17 4.2 Polyethylene glycol . 18 4.3 Polysaccharides . 20 4.4 Layer-by-layer assembly . 21 4.5 Crosslinking . 22 4.6 Radiolabeling . 24 EXPERIMENTAL SECTION Introduction . 26 The purpose of the study . 26
Long Live the Disk: Lifetimes of Protoplanetary Disks in Hierarchical Triple-star Systems and a Possible Explanation for HD 98800 B

The gas dissipation from a protoplanetary disk is one of the key processes affecting planet formation, and it is widely accepted that it happens on timescales of a few million years for disks around single stars. In recent years, several protoplanetary disks have been discovered in multiple-star systems, and despite the complex environment in which they find themselves, some of them seem to be quite old, a situation that may favor planet formation. A clear example of this is the disk around HD 98800 B, a binary in a hierarchical quadruple stellar system, which at an ∼10 Myr age seems to still be holding significant amounts of gas. Here we present a 1D+1D model to compute the vertical structure and gas evolution of circumbinary disks in hierarchical triple-star systems considering different stellar and disk parameters. We show that tidal torques due to the inner binary, together with the truncation of the disk due to the external companion, strongly reduce the viscous accretion and expansion of the disk. Even allowing viscous accretion by tidal streams, disks in these kind of environments can survive for more than 10 Myr, depending on their properties, with photoevaporation being the main gas dissipation mechanism. We particularly apply our model to the circumbinary disk around HD 98800 B and confirm that its longevity, along with the current nonexistence of a disk around the companion binary HD 98800 A, can be explained with our model and by this mechanism.
Computer Users Have Unique Yet Temporally Inconsistent Computer Usage Profiles

—This paper investigates whether computer usage proﬁles comprised of process, network-, mouse-and keystroke-related events are unique and temporally consistent in a naturalistic setting, discussing challenges and opportunities of using such proﬁles in applications of continuous authentication. We collected ecologically-valid computer usage proﬁles from 28 MS Windows 10 computer users over 8 weeks and submitted this data to comprehensive machine learning analysis involving a diverse set of online and ofﬂine classiﬁers. We found that (i) computer usage proﬁles have the potential to uniquely characterize computer users (with a maximum F-score of 99 , 94 %); (ii) network-related events were the most useful features to properly recognize proﬁles ( 95 . 14 % of the top features distinguishing users being network-related); (iii) user proﬁles were mostly inconsistent over the 8-week data collection period, with 92 . 86 % of users exhibiting drifts in terms of time and usage habits; and (iv) online models are better suited to handle computer usage proﬁles compared to ofﬂine models (maximum F-score for each approach was 95 . 99 % and 99 . 94 %, respectively).
Semantic Security for Indoor THz-Wireless Communication

Physical-layer security (PLS) for industrial indoor terahertz (THz) wireless communication applications is considered. We use a similar model as being employed for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) wireless communication channels. A cell communication and a directed communication scenario are analyzed to illustrate the achievable semantic security guarantees for a wiretap channel with finite-blocklength THz-wireless communication links. We show that weakly directed transmitter (Al-ice) antennas, which allow cell-type communication with multiple legitimate receivers (Bobs) without adaptation of the alignment, result in large insecure regions. In the directed communication scenario, the resulting insecure regions are shown to cover a large volume of the indoor environment only if the distance between Alice and Bob is large. Thus, our results for the two selected scenarios reveal that there is a stringent trade-off between the targeted semantic security level and the number of reliably and securely accessible legitimate receivers. Furthermore, the effects of secrecy code parameters and antenna properties on the achievable semantic security levels are illustrated to show directions for possible improvements to guarantee practically-acceptable security levels with PLS methods for industrial indoor THz-wireless communication applications.
A continuation multiple shooting method for Wasserstein geodesic equation

In this paper, we propose a numerical method to solve the classic $L^2$-optimal transport problem. Our algorithm is based on use of multiple shooting, in combination with a continuation procedure, to solve the boundary value problem associated to the transport problem. We exploit the viewpoint of Wasserstein Hamiltonian flow with initial and target densities, and our method is designed to retain the underlying Hamiltonian structure. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the method.
Crowd Counting by Self-supervised Transfer Colorization Learning and Global Prior Classification

Labeled crowd scene images are expensive and scarce. To significantly reduce the requirement of the labeled images, we propose ColorCount, a novel CNN-based approach by combining self-supervised transfer colorization learning and global prior classification to leverage the abundantly available unlabeled data. The self-supervised colorization branch learns the semantics and surface texture of the image by using its color components as pseudo labels. The classification branch extracts global group priors by learning correlations among image clusters. Their fused resultant discriminative features (global priors, semantics and textures) provide ample priors for counting, hence significantly reducing the requirement of labeled images. We conduct extensive experiments on four challenging benchmarks. ColorCount achieves much better performance as compared with other unsupervised approaches. Its performance is close to the supervised baseline with substantially less labeled data (10\% of the original one).