Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Dynamic Oracles to Train Projective Dependency Parsers on Non-Projective Trees

Because the most common transition systems are projective, training a transition-based dependency parser often implies to either ignore or rewrite the non-projective training examples, which has an adverse impact on accuracy. In this work, we propose a simple modification of dynamic oracles, which enables the use of non-projective data when training projective parsers. Evaluation on 73 treebanks shows that our method achieves significant gains (+2 to +7 UAS for the most non-projective languages) and consistently outperforms traditional projectivization and pseudo-projectivization approaches.
Identification of key gene networks associated with fracture healing using αSMA-labeled progenitor cells

The aim of the present study was to investigate the key gene network in fracture healing. The dataset GSE45156 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the linear models for microarray data package of Bioconductor. Subsequently, Gene Ontology (GO) functional and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were conducted for DEGs in day 2 and 6 fractured samples via the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Furthermore, protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of DEGs were analyzed and a PPI network was constructed. A total of 774 and 1,172 DEGs were identified in day 2 and 6 fractured samples, respectively, compared with unfractured controls. Of the DEGs in day 2 and 6 fractured samples, various upregulated DEGs, including protein kinase C α (Prkca) and B-cell lymphoma antagonist/killer 1 were significantly enriched in GO terms associated with cell death, and certain downregulated DEGs, including fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt1), nitric oxide synthase 3 (Nos3), bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) and Notch1 were enriched in GO terms associated with angiogenesis. Furthermore, a series of downregulated DEGs were enriched in the Notch signaling pathway, including hes family bHLH transcription factor 1 and Notch1. Certain DEGs had a high degree and interacted with each other, including Flt1, Nos3, Bmp4 and Notch1, and Prkca and ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3. The up and downregulated DEGs may exert critical functions by interactively regulating angiogenesis or apoptosis.
An Efficient Recommendation Framework on Social Media Platforms Based on Deep Learning

Accurate user behavior modeling is the key to recommendation system. Traditional methods of friend recommendation extract the part of the information of users which results in an incomplete description of the user behavior. The efficiency and accuracy are far from expectation. We propose a Deep Graph-Based Neural Network (DGBNN) framework for friend recommendation on social media platforms. We obtain a comprehensive representation of user features to generate a more reasonable recommendation list taking into account the user's relationship and individual attributes. In order to get an accurate prediction, Back-Propagation Neural Network is used to predict the social links in social graphs. Recommendation list is constructed based on the predicted social links between users. Experiment with weibo datasets shows performance improvement on friend recommendation.
Cerebral Responses to Acupuncture at GV24 and Bilateral GB13 in Rat Models of Alzheimer's Disease

Acupuncture has been widely used in China to treat neurological diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, eighty healthy Wistar rats were divided into a normal control group (n = 15) and premodel group (n = 65). Forty-five rats that met the criteria for the AD model were then randomly divided into the model group (MG), the nonacupoint group (NG), and the acupoint group (AG). All rats received positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, and the images were analyzed with Statistical Parametric Mapping 8.0. MG exhibited hypometabolism in the olfactory bulb, insular cortex, orbital cortex, prelimbic cortex, striatum, parietal association cortex, visual cortex, cingulate gyrus, and retrosplenial cortex. AG exhibited prominent and extensive hypermetabolism in the thalamus, hypothalamus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, cerebral peduncle, midbrain tegmentum, and pontine tegmentum compared to NG. These results demonstrated that acupuncturing at GV24 and bilateral GB13 acupoints may improve the learning and memory abilities of the AD rats, probably via altering cerebral glucose metabolism (CGM) in the hypothalamus, thalamus, and brain stem. The observed effects of acupuncture may be caused by regulating the distribution of certain kinds of neurotransmitters and enhancing synaptic plasticity.
Enhanced survival of BCG-stimulated dendritic cells: involvement of anti-apoptotic proteins and NF-κB

ABSTRACT BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) is the only available vaccine against TB and is also used for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. BCG-mediated protection against TB and bladder cancer has been shown to rely on its ability to induce superior CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. As the magnitude of T cell responses is defined by dendritic cell (DC) lifespan, we examined the effect of BCG on DC survival and its underlying mechanisms. It was observed that BCG stimulation enhanced DC survival and prolonged DC lifespan in a dose-dependent manner. Live BCG led to a higher DC survival compared with heat-killed BCG. FITC-Annexin V staining showed that BCG promoted DC survival by inhibiting apoptosis. Consistently, higher expressions of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL were observed in BCG-stimulated DCs. Pharmacological inhibition of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL drastically reduced the DC survival efficacy of BCG. Comparable survival of BCG-stimulated wild-type and MyD88−/− DCs suggested that MyD88 signaling is dispensable for BCG-induced DC survival. NF-κB is one of the key regulators of innate immune responses. We observed that pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB abrogated BCG-mediated increase in DC survival and expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. These findings provide a novel insight into the effect of BCG on DC physiology. Summary: BCG enhanced the survival of dendritic cells (DCs) and prolonged their lifespan. BCG promoted DC survival by up-regulating Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Increased survival of BCG-stimulated DCs was dependent on NF-κB, but was independent of MyD88 signaling.
Miniaturized Microwave Devices and Antennas for Wearable, Implantable and Wireless Applications

This thesis presents a number of microwave devices and antennas that maintain high operational efficiency and are compact in size at the same time. One goal of this thesis is to address several miniaturization challenges of antennas and microwave components by using the theoretical principles of metamaterials, Metasurface coupling resonators and stacked radiators, in combination with the elementary antenna and transmission line theory. While innovating novel solutions, standards and specifications of next generation wireless and bio-medical applications were considered to ensure advancement in the respective scientific fields. Compact reconfigurable phase-shifter and a microwave cross-over based on negative-refractive-index transmission-line (NRI-TL) materialist unit cells is presented. A Metasurface based wearable sensor architecture is proposed, containing an electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure backed monopole antenna for off-body communication and a fork shaped antenna for efficient radiation towards the human body. A fully parametrized solution for an implantable antenna is proposed using metallic coated stacked substrate layers. Challenges and possible solutions for off-body, on-body, through-body and across-body communication have been investigated with an aid of computationally extensive simulations and experimental verification. Next, miniaturization and implementation of a UWB antenna along with an analytical model to predict the resonance is presented. Lastly, several miniaturized rectifiers designed specifically for efficient wireless power transfer are proposed, experimentally verified, and discussed. The study answered several research questions of applied electromagnetic in the field of bio-medicine and wireless communication.
R3C3: Cryptographically secure Censorship Resistant Rendezvous using Cryptocurrencies

Cryptocurrencies and blockchains are set to play a major role in the financial and supply-chain systems. Their presence and acceptance across different geopolitical corridors, including in repressive regimes, have been one of their striking features. In this work, we leverage this popularity for bootstrapping censorship resistant (CR) communication. We formalize the notion of stego-bootstrapping scheme and formally describe the security notions of the scheme in terms of rareness and security against chosen-covertext attacks. We present R3C3, a Cryptographically secure Censorship-Resistant Rendezvous using Cryptocurrencies. R3C3 allows a censored user to interact with a decoder entity outside the censored region, through blockchain transactions as rendezvous, to obtain bootstrapping information such as a CR proxy and its public key. Unlike the usual bootstrapping approaches (e.g., emailing) with heuristic security if any, R3C3 employs public-key steganography over blockchain transactions to ensure cryptographic security, while the blockchain transaction costs may deter the entry-point harvesting attacks. We develop bootstrapping rendezvous over Bitcoin, Zcash, Monero and Ethereum as well as the typical mining process, and analyze their effectivity in terms of cryptocurrency network volume and introduced monetary cost. With its highly cryptographic structure, Zcash is an outright winner for normal users with 1168 byte bandwidth per transaction costing only 0.03 USD as the fee, while mining pool managers have a free, extremely high bandwidth rendezvous when they mine a block.
The Endocannabinoid Reuptake Inhibitor WOBE437 Is Orally Bioavailable and Exerts Indirect Polypharmacological Effects via Different Endocannabinoid Receptors

Different anandamide (AEA) transport inhibitors show antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects in vivo, but due to their concomitant inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and overall poor bioavailability, they cannot be used unequivocally to study the particular role of endocannabinoid (EC) transport in pathophysiological conditions in vivo. Here, the potent and selective endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor WOBE437, which inhibits AEA and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) transport, was tested for its oral bioavailability to the brain. WOBE437 is assumed to locally increase EC levels in tissues in which facilitated EC reuptake intermediates subsequent hydrolysis. Given the marked polypharmacology of ECs, we hypothesized to see differential effects on distinct EC receptors in animal models of acute and chronic pain/inflammation. In C57BL6/J male mice, WOBE437 was orally bioavailable with an estimated tmax value of ≤20 min in plasma (Cmax ∼ 2000 pmol/mL after 50 mg/kg, p.o.) and brain (Cmax ∼ 500 pmol/g after 50 mg/kg, p.o.). WOBE437 was cleared from the brain after approximately 180 min. In addition, in BALB/c male mice, acute oral administration of WOBE437 (50 mg/kg) exhibited similar brain concentrations after 60 min and inhibited analgesia in the hot plate test in a cannabinoid CB1 receptor-dependent manner, without inducing catalepsy or affecting locomotion. WOBE437 significantly elevated AEA in the somatosensory cortex, while showing dose-dependent biphasic effects on 2-AG levels in plasma but no significant changes in N-acylethanolamines other than AEA in any of the tissues. In order to explore the presumed polypharmacology mediated via elevated EC levels, we tested this EC reuptake inhibitor in complete Freud’s adjuvant induced monoarthritis in BALB/c mice as a model of chronic inflammation. Repetitive doses of WOBE437 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) attenuated allodynia and edema via cannabinoid CB2, CB1, and PPARγ receptors. The allodynia inhibition of WOBE437 treatment for 3 days was fully reversed by antagonists of any of the receptors. In the single dose treatment the CB2 and TRPV1 antagonists significantly blocked the effect of WOBE437. Overall, our results show the broad utility of WOBE437 for animal experimentation for both p.o. and i.p. administrations. Furthermore, the data indicate the possible involvement of EC reuptake/transport in pathophysiological processes related to pain and inflammation.
NANOSTRUCTURED SBA-15 HOST : SYNTHESIS , CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION IN KETOROLAC-TROMETHAMINE RELEASE SYSTEM

The ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15 has been applied in studies of ketorolac tromethamine adsorption and release. The SBA-15 materials with hexagonal and regular structure were obtained using a triblock copolymer Pluronic P123 as template and TEOS as a silica source[1]. Drug delivery is an emerging field mainly focused on aiming drugs. The goal of this targeted delivery is to transport an amount of drugs to desirable sites (such as tumors and diseased tissues) while minimizing unwanted side effects of the drugs on other tissues [2]. Controlled drug delivery systems can achieve precise spatial and temporal delivery of therapeutic agents to the target site. Ketorolac tromethamine was adsorbed into SBA-15 silica nanochannels using ethanol as solvent. The physicochemical and textural properties of SBA-15 and ketorolac tromethamine/SBA-15 were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and BET surface studies. Drug release was evaluated by soaking the loaded silica mesoporous material into a solution of HCl (0.1N) at 37 oC under continuous stirring. Release studies were performed in order to evaluate the required therapeutic efficacy. SBA-15 provides significant improvement in the controlled release of ketorolac tromethamine [3]. In this work, we have shown a promising drug storage material for the effective encapsulation and controlled release of KETO, achieving the required therapeutic efficacy. SBA-15/KETO shows characteristic bands of both, drug materials and the inorganic framework. This indicates that KETO was adsorbed into SBA-15 channel surface without affecting the chemical structure or composition of KETO. The study also demonstrates the storage capacity and release properties of SBA-15 containing KETO. The release of KETO contained in SBA-15 can offer significant improve in controlled drug release and enhance a good analgesia effect.
The Influence of the External Signal Modulation Waveform and Frequency on the Performance of a Photonic Forced Oscillator

Photonic crystals have been an object of interest because of their properties to inhibit certain wavelengths and allow the transmission of others. Using these properties, we designed a photonic structure known as photodyne formed by two porous silicon one-dimensional photonic crystals with an air defect between them. When the photodyne is illuminated with appropriate light, it allows us to generate electromagnetic forces within the structure that can be maximized if the light becomes localized inside the defect region. These electromagnetic forces allow the microcavity to oscillate mechanically. In the experiment, a chopper was driven by a signal generator to modulate the laser light that was used. The driven frequency and the signal modulation waveform (rectangular, sinusoidal or triangular) were changed with the idea to find optimal conditions for the structure to oscillate. The microcavity displacement amplitude, velocity amplitude and Fourier spectrum of the latter and its frequency were measured by means of a vibrometer. The mechanical oscillations are modeled and compared with the experimental results and show good agreement. For external frequency values of 5 Hz and 10 Hz, the best option was a sinusoidal waveform, which gave higher photodyne displacements and velocity amplitudes. Nonetheless, for an external frequency of 15 Hz, the best option was the rectangular waveform.
An Integrated Likelihood Formulation for Characterizing the Proximity of Position Measurements to Road Segments

The analysis of spatial proximity between objects can yield useful insights for a variety of problems. A common application is found in map matching problems, where noisy position measurements collected from a receiver on a network-bound mobile object is analyzed for estimating the original road segments traversed by the object. Motivated by this problem, we take a detailed look at proximity measures that quantify the spatial closeness between points and curves in non-deterministic problems, where the given points are noisy observations of a stochastic process defined on a given set of curves. Starting with a critical review of traditional pointwise approaches, we introduce the integral proximity measure for quantifying proximity, so as to better represent the statistical likelihoods of a process’ states. Assuming a generic stochastic model with additive noise, we discuss the correct proximity function for the proximity measures, and the relationship between a posteriori probabilities of the process and the proximity measures for a comparison of both measures. Later, we prove that the proposed measure can provide better inferences about the process’ states, when the process is under the influence of uncorrelated bivariate Gaussian noise. Finally, we conduct an extensive Monte Carlo analysis, which shows significant inference improvements over traditional proximity measures, particularly under high noise levels and dense road settings.
A universal implementation of cardiovascular disease surveillance based on HRV

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) refers to such a quantitative scale measurement, which can reflect the regularity of heart rate changes. Taking two common cardiovascular diseases as an example, this paper obtained 14 eigenvalues by analyzing the HRV data taken from PhysioNet in the time domain and frequency domain through the “normperiod” code. Accordingly, disease classification was carried out using an improved K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm, including module of removing boundary, uniform density and distance weighting. Finally, we obtained an accuracy of up to 98% and a sensitivity of up to 100%. The results illustrate that this approach with low computational cost enables surveillance and early warning of a large group of cardiovascular diseases effectively.
Dual resonance proximity coupled patch antenna

In this paper there are four different shape of proximity patch antennas (straight, trimmed, trapezoid and ribbon). The minimum input match achieved with the straight proximity patch antenna as −39.68 dB. The maximum gain is achieved with the ribbon proximity patch antenna as 12.1 dB. Simulation and measurement results are presented. There is a perfect match with simulated and measured gain. The antenna is first demonstrated example of working with four different geometries, having satisfactory gain and input match.
Kindergarten children demonstrating numeracy concepts through drawings and explanations: Intentional teaching within play-based learning

Using both child-guided and adult-guided learning, Intentional Teaching in the early years can be a powerful tool for enhancing young children's numeracy skills. As Epstein (2009) notes, this can include providing "opportunities for children to represent things by drawing, building and moving" (p. 47). This paper investigates how kindergarten (four-five year olds) children represented and demonstrated numeracy concepts through their drawings and explanations, completed for a research study that used arts-based strategies to enhance children's environmental understanding. This research study involved kindergarten children in Australia creating and exchanging postcards (drawings and explanations) of their local environments with their peers in Canada. Findings include that the kindergarten children, through creating postcards of their physical environments and explanations, demonstrated their growing understanding of numeracy concepts, such as spatial orientation, quantification and attributes of objects. The study argues for quality Intentional Teaching and the development of an 'early childhood numeracy progress monitoring framework' that maps and assesses children’s mathematical development.
Time Limits During Visual Foraging Reveal Flexible Working Memory Templates

During difficult foraging tasks, humans rarely switch between target categories, but switch frequently during easier foraging. Does this reflect fundamental limits on visual working memory (VWM) capacity or simply strategic choice due to effort? Our participants performed time-limited or unlimited foraging tasks where they tapped stimuli from 2 target categories while avoiding items from 2 distractor categories. These time limits should have no effect if capacity imposes limits on VWM representations but more flexible VWM could allow observers to use VWM according to task demands in each case. We found that with time limits, participants switched more frequently and switch-costs became much smaller than during unlimited foraging. Observers can therefore switch between complex (conjunction) target categories when needed. We propose that while maintaining many complex templates in working memory is effortful and observers avoid this, they can do so if this fits task demands, showing the flexibility of working memory representations used for visual exploration. This is in contrast with recent proposals, and we discuss the implications of these findings for theoretical accounts of working memory.
Distribution and morphology of the ampullary organs of the salmontail catfish, Arius graeffei

Whole body staining of Arius graeffei revealed that ampullary pores cover the body with their highest densities occurring on the head and lowest densities on the mid‐ventral surface. Each ampullary organ consists of a long canal (0.2–1.75 mm) passing perpendicular to the basement membrane, through the epidermis into underlying dermal connective tissues, curving thereafter to run roughly parallel to the epidermis. Histochemical staining techniques (Alcian blue and Lillie′s allochrome) indicate that the canals contain a neutral to acidic glycoprotein‐based mucopolysaccharide gel that varies in composition along the length of the canal. Collagen fibers, arranged in a sheath, surround a layer of squamous epithelium that lines each ampullary canal. At the proximal end of the canal, squamous cells are replaced by cuboidal epithelial cells that protrude into the lumen, thus constricting the lumen to form a small pore into the ampulla. The ampulla is lined with receptor and supportive cells. The numerous (60–120) pear‐shaped receptor cells bear microvilli on their luminal surface. Two forms of receptor cells exist in each ampullary organ: basal and equatorial receptor cells. Each receptor cell is connected to an unmyelinated nerve. Each receptor cell is surrounded by supportive cells on all but the apex. Tight junctions and underlying desmosomes occur between adjacent receptor and supportive cells. This form of ampullary organ has not previously been described for teleosts. J. Morphol. 239:97–105, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.