Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do Self-Compassion Factors Affect Value-Based Behavior Promotion for Adolescents? The Context of Behavioral Activation

Behavioral activation has been shown to engender improvement of depressive symptoms. Behavioral activation specifically addresses behavioral patterns that maintain depressive symptoms and increases activation of rewarding behaviors based on a person’s own values. Nevertheless, behaving according to those values can be difficult. Consequently, discussing reduction in barriers to activation of value-based behaviors is important. Self-compassion might promote value-based behavior when a person confronts some obstacle. We evaluated differences in self-compassion and behavioral characteristics at high and low levels of value-based behaviors. Furthermore, we examined relations of self-compassion to value-based behaviors while considering activation, avoidance, and positive reinforcement in the context of behavioral activation. All 800 university student participants (415 women, 385 men; mean age=20.47years; age range 18–24years) in this study completed assessments. Descriptive statistics, MANOVA, and stepwise regression analysis relations elucidated their value-based behavior, self-compassion, and behavioral characteristics. Results suggest that participants who behaved according to values had high levels of self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. Results of stepwise regression analyses suggest as a new finding that positive components of self-compassion (self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness) are related to value-based behaviors even when behavioral factors are considered in the context of behavioral activation.
Regression of bovine cutaneous papillomas via ivermectin-induced immunostimulant and oxidative stress

Objective: Ivermectin (IVM) could be used effectively to treat bovine cutaneous papillomatosis, a widespread viral skin disease that causes major economic losses in cattle. This study aimed to evaluate the regression of bovine cutaneous papillomas induced by IVM by estimating oxidative stress markers, besides clinicopathological and hematological findings. Materials and Methods: Twenty naturally infected animals with cutaneous papillomatosis were chosen randomly and diagnosed clinically and histopathologically. All the infected animals were divided into groups: Group I (n = 10), which received no treatment and was considered the control group. In Group II (n = 10), the animals were subcutaneously injected at 0.2 mg/kg of IVM 2 weeks apart during the 90-day experimental period. Papilloma regression was tracked clinically, papilloma biopsies were taken for histopathological analysis, and blood samples were taken for hematological and oxidative parameter testing. Results: From the 15th to 45th day after receiving IVM, papillomas began to fade. Necrotic areas, ulcerations, and lymphocytic infiltration were found in the histopathological studies, besides a decrease in papilloma epidermal proliferation. total erythrocytes count, packed cell volume, total leucocytes count, and lymphocytes values were increased significantly, and a large decrease in glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reduced was identified as signs of IVM-induced oxidative stress. Conclusion: IVM has oxidative and immunostimulatory properties, and it can be used against cutaneous papillomatosis.
A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Nanhaipotamon Bott, 1968 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Potamidae) from Longhai, Fujian Province, China

Abstract A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Nanhaipotamon Bott, 1968 is described from Xiaye Village, Chengxiang Town, Longhai County, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province, China. The new species is distinguished from congeners by the combination of characters of its carapace, third maxilliped, unequal chelipeds, triangular male abdomen and unique male first gonopod. Molecular evidence derived from partial mitochondrial 16S rRNA and COI genes also support the species as new.
Roles of P300 and Late Positive Potential in Initial Romantic Attraction

Initial romantic attraction (IRA) refers to a series of positive reactions to potential romantic partners at the initial encounter; it evolved to promote mate selection, allowing individuals to focus their mating efforts on their preferred potential mates. After decades of effort, we now have a deeper understanding of the evolutionary value and dominant factors of IRA; however, little is known regarding the brain mechanisms related to its generation and evaluation. In this study, we combined classic event-related potential analysis with dipole-source analysis to examine electroencephalogram (EEG) signals generated while participants assessed their romantic interest in potential partners. The EEG signals were categorized into IRA-engendered and unengendered conditions based on behavioral indicators. We found that the faces elicited multiple late positivities, including P300 over the occipital–parietal regions and late positive potentials (LPPs) over the anterior regions. When compared to faces that did not engender IRA, faces that did engender IRA elicited (1) enhanced P300 over the parietal regions and heightened neural activity in the insula and cingulate cortex and (2) larger LPPs over the anterior regions and heightened neural activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, frontal eye field, visual cortex, and insula. These results suggest IRA is generated and evaluated by an extensive brain network involved in emotion processing, attention control, and social evaluations. Furthermore, these findings indicate that P300 and LPP may represent different cognitive processes during IRA.
The Second Heart Program—A multidisciplinary team supporting people who inject drugs with infective endocarditis: Protocol of a feasibility study

Introduction Infective endocarditis (IE) is a severe and highly prevalent infection among people who inject drugs (PWID). While short-term (30-day) outcomes are similar between PWID and non-PWID, the long-term outcomes among PWID after IE are poor, with 1-year mortality rates in excess of 25%. Novel clinical interventions are needed to address the unique needs of PWID with IE, including increasing access to substance use treatment and addressing structural barriers and social determinants of health. Methods and analysis PWID with IE will be connected to a multidisciplinary team that will transition with them from hospital to the community. The six components of the Second Heart Team are: (1) peer support worker with lived experience, (2) systems navigator, (3) addiction medicine physician, (4) primary care physician, (5) infectious diseases specialist, (6) cardiovascular surgeon. A convergent mixed-methods study design will be used to test the feasibility of this intervention. We will concurrently collect quantitative and qualitative data and ‘mix’ at the interpretation stage of the study to answer our research questions. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board (Project No. 7012). Results will be presented at national and international conferences and submitted for publication in a scientific journal. Clinical trail registrarion Trial registration number: ISRCTN14968657 https://www.isrctn. com/ISRCTN14968657.
Understanding Drug Delivery to the Brain Using Liposome-Based Strategies: Studies that Provide Mechanistic Insights Are Essential

Brain drug delivery may be restricted by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and enhancement by liposome-based drug delivery strategies has been investigated. As access to the human brain is limited, many studies have been performed in experimental animals. Whereas providing interesting data, such studies have room for improvement to provide mechanistic insight into the rate and extent of specifically BBB transport and intrabrain distribution processes that all together govern CNS target delivery of the free drug. This review shortly summarizes BBB transport and current liposome-based strategies to overcome BBB transport restrictions, with the emphasis on how to determine the individual mechanisms that all together determine the time course of free drug brain concentrations, following their administration as such, and in liposomes. Animal studies using microdialysis providing time course information on unbound drug in plasma and brain are highlighted, as these provide the mechanistic information needed to understand BBB drug transport of the drug, and the impact of a liposomal formulations of that drug on BBB transport. Overall, these studies show that brain distribution of a drug administered as liposomal formulation depends on both drug properties and liposomal formulation characteristics. In general, evidence suggests that active transporters at the BBB, either being influx or efflux transporters, are circumvented by liposomes. It is concluded that liposomal formulations may provide interesting changes in BBB transport. More mechanistic studies are needed to understand relevant mechanisms in liposomal drug delivery to the brain, providing an improved basis for its prediction in human using animal data.
Factors Affecting Delayed Presentation and Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Asian Developing Countries Women: A Systematic Review

Background: Advance in screening strategies and management had steadily decreased the mortality rates of breast cancer. In developing countries, conducting screening and early diagnosis of breast cancers may face several problems. This systematic review aims to determine factors affecting the delayed diagnosis of breast cancer in developing countries in Asia. Methods: Literature research was conducted through Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, EbscoHost, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. The main keywords were “breast cancer”, “delayed diagnosis” and “developing countries”. Both quantitative and qualitative studies were included. Results: A total of 26 studies were included. The definition of delayed presentation or diagnosis varied from 1 month to 6 months. Among all the factors from patients and providers, breast symptoms and examinations consistently showed a significant contribution in reducing delayed diagnosis. Strengthened by qualitative studies, patients’ knowledge and perception also had a major role in delayed diagnosis. Conclusion: Among Asian developing countries, breast symptoms and examination, as well as individual knowledge and perception, are the main factors related to delayed diagnosis of breast cancer.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Tinnitus: Addressing the Controversy of Its Clinical Delivery by Audiologists

Audiologists’ role in providing care for tinnitus typically includes conducting an audiologic evaluation, fitting hearing aids when appropriate, assessing the impact of tinnitus, and facilitating use of sound to improve quality of life with tinnitus when appropriate. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is consistently judged by systematic reviews as having the strongest evidence relative to other therapies for improving quality of life with tinnitus. Because audiologists are already playing an active role in providing care for tinnitus, and the relative paucity of behavioral health providers who are experienced in implementing CBT for tinnitus, a logical question is whether audiologists can provide CBT and whether it is within their scope of practice. In this article, we present both sides of the argument as to whether audiologists can provide CBT and we make recommendations for appropriate administration of CBT for tinnitus management.
AFP-L3 for the diagnosis of early hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract Background: The present study aimed to systematically evaluate the diagnostic value of an isoform of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), AFP-L3, for early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by a meta-analysis. Methods: Diagnostic reports of AFP-L3% in early HCC were searched in the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases up to December 2019. The retrieved literature was reviewed, and eligible articles were selected. Data were extracted from the eligible articles, and the risk of bias was evaluated according to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies scale. Statistical analyses were conducted by MetaDiSc1.4 and RevMan5.3 software. The sensitivities, specificities, and diagnostic odds ratios were pooled. The summary receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn, and the area under the curve was calculated. Results: Six studies with acceptable quality were included in the meta-analysis involving 2447 patients. No threshold effect was observed among the 6 studies, but there was obvious heterogeneity. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of AFP-L3% for the diagnosis of early HCC were 0.34 (95% CI 0.30–0.39, P < .0001), 0.92 (95% CI 0.91–0.93, P < .0001), 4.46 (95% CI 2.94–6.77, P = .0033), and 0.71 (95% CI 0.61–0.82, P = .0004), respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio was 6.78 (95% CI 4.02–11.44, P = .0074). The the area under the curve of the summary receiver operating characteristic was 0.755 (95% CI 0.57–0.94). Conclusion: AFP-L3% has high specificity but low sensitivity for diagnose early HCC, suggesting that AFP-L3% is more valuable for excluding HCC in conditions with elevated AFP than for diagnosing early HCC. In addition, a hypersensitive detection method can improve the diagnostic accuracy of AFP-L3% for early HCC.
A comprehensive review on glucokinase activators: Promising agents for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes

Glucokinase is a key enzyme which converts glucose into glucose‐6‐phosphate in the liver and pancreatic cells of the human. In the liver, glucokinase promotes the synthesis of glycogen, and in the pancreas, it helps in glucose‐sensitive insulin release. It serves as a “glucose sensor” and thereby plays an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Due to this activity, glucokinase is considered as an attractive drug target for type 2 diabetes. It created a lot of interest among the researchers, and several small molecules were discovered. The research work was initiated in 1990. However, the hypoglycemic effect, increased liver burden, and loss of efficacy over time were faced during clinical development. Dorzagliatin, a novel glucokinase activator that acts on both the liver and pancreas, is in the late‐stage clinical development. TTP399, a promising hepatoselective GK activator, showed a clinically significant and sustained reduction in glycated hemoglobin with a low risk of adverse effects. The successful findings generated immense interest to continue further research in finding small molecule GK activators for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The article covers different series of GK activators reported over the past decade and the structural insights into the GK‐GK activator binding which, we believe will stimulate the discovery of novel GK activators to treat type 2 diabetes.
Efficacy and safety of acupuncture and moxibustion combined with the external application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of primary liver cancer

Abstract Background: Primary liver cancer (PLC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, and its incidence and fatality rate are increasing year by year. Due to the large population base in China, the aging population is severely affected by environmental pollution, eating habits, and unhealthy lifestyles. And many other influences have caused the number of new PLC cases and deaths in China to rank first in the world. Acupuncture combined with external application of Chinese medicine to treat PLC is currently one of the commonly used treatments in China. However, this combined treatment still lacks evidence-based medicine support. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with external application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of PLC. Method: We will search PubMed, Web of Science, GCBI, Embase, OVID, AMED, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wanfang databases. As of September 15, 2021, there are no restrictions on search language, publication time, and publication status. We will use the following medical keywords to search, including: “acupuncture”, “external application of traditional Chinese medicine”, and “primary liver cancer”. At the same time, we will manually search all reference lists from relevant systematic reviews to find other eligible studies. We will use the random effects model in REVMAN v5.3 for meta-analysis. The study for acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of PLC was a randomized controlled study. Two researchers will independently review the research selection, data extraction, and research quality assessments. Finally, we will observe the outcome measures. Results: This study will provide evidence-based guidance for the treatment of PLC with acupuncture and the external application of traditional Chinese medicine and offers new ideas and methods for the treatment of PLC.
Pertussis Disease and Antenatal Vaccine Effectiveness in Australian Children

Background: Population-level studies of severe pertussis extending beyond infancy are sparse, and none in the context of antenatal vaccination. We compared hospitalized pertussis cases from birth to 15 years of age before and after introduction of antenatal immunization. Methods: Active surveillance of laboratory-confirmed pertussis hospitalizations in a national network of pediatric hospitals in Australia January 2012 to June 2019. Impact of maternal vaccination was assessed by vaccine effectiveness (VE) in cases and test-negative controls with <2 months of age and by before-after comparison of age distribution of cases. Among cases eligible for one or more vaccine doses, we examined proportions age-appropriately immunized and with comorbidities by age group. Results: Among 419 eligible cases, the proportion <2 months of age significantly decreased from 33.1% in 2012 to 2014 compared with 19.6% in 2016 to 2019 when mothers of only 4 of 17 (23.5%) cases <2 months of age had received antenatal vaccination. VE was estimated to be 84.3% (95% CI, 26.1–96.7). Across all years (2012–2019), of 55 cases 4–11 months of age, 21 (38%) had ≥2 vaccine doses, whereas among 155 cases ≥12 months of age, 122 (85.2%) had ≥3 vaccine doses. Prevalence of comorbidities (primarily cardiorespiratory) increased from 5 (2.1%) <6 months of age to 36 (24.2%) ≥12 months of age (P < 0.001), with 6/16 (38%) cases ≥12 months of age who required intensive care having comorbidities. Conclusions: Below the age of 12 months, prevention of severe pertussis will be maximized by high maternal antenatal vaccine uptake and timeliness of infant vaccine doses. Despite full immunization, we found children ≥12 months of age accounted for 27% of hospitalizations <15 years, with 24% having comorbities, suggesting new vaccine strategies, such as additional doses or more immunogenic vaccines, require evaluation.
Status quo of tet regulation in bacteria

The tetracycline repressor (TetR) belongs to the most popular, versatile and efficient transcriptional regulators used in bacterial genetics. In the tetracycline (Tc) resistance determinant tet(B) of transposon Tn10, tetR regulates the expression of a divergently oriented tetA gene that encodes a Tc antiporter. These components of Tn10 and of other natural or synthetic origins have been used for tetracycline‐dependent gene regulation (tet regulation) in at least 40 bacterial genera. Tet regulation serves several purposes such as conditional complementation, depletion of essential genes, modulation of artificial genetic networks, protein overexpression or the control of gene expression within cell culture or animal infection models. Adaptations of the promoters employed have increased tet regulation efficiency and have made this system accessible to taxonomically distant bacteria. Variations of TetR, different effector molecules and mutated DNA binding sites have enabled new modes of gene expression control. This article provides a current overview of tet regulation in bacteria.
Comparison of Short-Term Outcomes After Total Ankle Replacement and Ankle Arthrodesis: An ACS-NSQIP Database Study

Over the past 2 decades, several studies comparing intermediate- and long-term outcomes after total ankle replacement (TAR) versus ankle arthrodesis (AA) have reported differing rates of complications and outcomes. Recently, there has been a dramatic increase in patients undergoing TARs without any epidemiologic studies examining the short-term and perioperative complications. The purpose of this prognostic study was to compare perioperative outcomes after TAR and AA using data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database between 2012 and 2017. Patient data were collected from the NSQIP database for surgeries between January 2012 and December 2017 using Current Procedural Terminology codes 27700, 27702, 29899, and 27870. Patients were excluded if treated for fracture, infection, or revision procedures. The outcomes of interest were readmission and reoperation related to initial surgery, surgical site infections, and hospital length of stay. There were 1214 patients included—1027 (84.6%) TAR and 187 (15.4%) AA. The TAR patients were older, had a lower body mass index, and were less likely to have insulin-dependent diabetes. Readmission rate and length of stay was similar between groups. Multivariate regression revealed higher anesthesia severity scores (P = .0007), diabetes mellitus (P = .029), and AA (P = .049) had positive correlations with adverse outcomes. We report a lower complication rate with TAR than previously described. AA arthrodesis is associated with a higher risk of perioperative complications, including deep surgical site infections and reoperations. There were no differences between the 2 groups comparing superficial infection, wound dehiscence, or readmissions in the first 30 days. Levels of Evidence: Level V.
Characteristics of various fibrolytic isozyme activities in the rumen microbial communities of Japanese Black and Holstein Friesian cattle under different conditions

Abstract Rumen microorganisms produce various fibrolytic enzymes and degrade lignocellulosic materials into nutrient sources for ruminants; therefore, the characterization of fibrolytic enzymes contributing to the polysaccharide degradation in the rumen microbiota is important for efficient animal production. This study characterized the fibrolytic isozyme activities of a rumen microbiota from four groups of housed cattle (1, breeding Japanese Black; 2, feedlot Japanese Black; 3, lactating Holstein Friesian; 4, dry Holstein Friesian). Rumen fluids in all cattle groups showed similar concentrations of total volatile fatty acids and reducing sugars, whereas acetic acid contents and pH were different among them. Predominant genera were commonly detected in all cattle, although the bacterial compositions were different among cattle groups. Zymograms of whole proteins in rumen fluids showed endoglucanase activities at 55 and 57 kDa and xylanase activity at 44 kDa in all cattle. Meanwhile, several fibrolytic isozyme activities differed among cattle groups and individuals. Treponema, Succinivibrio, Anaeroplasma, Succiniclasticum, Ruminococcus, and Butyrivibrio showed positive correlations with fibrolytic isozyme activities. Further, endoglucanase activity at 68 kDa was positively correlated with pH. This study suggests the characteristics of fibrolytic isozyme activities and their correlations with the rumen microbiota.