Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
All-MOS voltage-to-current converter

A new resistorless voltage-to-current converter utilizing only MOS transistors to achieve voltage-to-current conversion with less than /spl plusmn/0.5% nonlinearity is described. The circuit uses MOS transistors in linear and saturation regions to produce an output current linearly related to the input voltage. The output current is proportional to the carrier mobility tracking the process variations. This circuit is suitable for submicron technologies where the availability of a linear resistor with moderate sheet resistance is not guaranteed. The circuit is fabricated using 0.6-/spl mu/m n-well CMOS technology, consumes less than 200 /spl mu/A, and occupies 200 mm/sup 2/ of area.
No decision‐maker is an Island: integrating expert advice with information acquisition

The present research examined the social context of information acquisition. The main purpose was to examine how decision-makers’ information acquisition processes changed when they were provided access to expert advice. Results indicated that all decision-makers opted to acquire advice; however, they typically did so only after completing over 75% of their own information search. Decision-makers agreed more with the advice as task complexity increased, but, in general, searched information in two stages—i.e., a pre-advice ‘‘hypothesis generation’’ stage and a post-advice ‘‘hypothesis testing’’ stage. To behave in an adaptive manner, decision-makers could have used expert advice either to increase their decision accuracy or to reduce their effort expenditure (or both); they chose the former. Implications and further extensions are discussed. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Model reduction and design of a power steering system

In control system analysis, there is an increasing need for obtaining low order approximations of high order models of physical systems. Low order models result in several advantages including the reduction of computational complexity and improved understanding of the original system structure. This topic has been studied for many years now, and many methods have been suggested for obtaining suitable low order approximations. In our previous work (1998), a new physical domain model reduction procedure was presented. In this paper, this new model reduction procedure is applied to a power steering system. The usefulness of the procedure is investigated from a design point of view.
H.261 and MPEG1-a comparison

This paper is motivated by the fact that the USA and Europe have chosen different approaches for implementing video data compression for applications such as video conferencing. Primarily, the former uses JPEG and MPEG, the latter uses H.261, also known as p*64. Within the framework of this paper, a thorough introduction into both techniques is provided. This paper focuses on the video coding part. The starting point is the analysis of the baseline method of JPEG on which the intra-frame coding mode for both H.261 and MPEG1 (first phase of MPEG) is based. By studying the CCITT (now, ITU-TS-International Telecommunications Union, Teleconferencing Sector) recommendation H.261, motion-compensated prediction is presented. Motion-compensated interpolation is explained discussing the ISO standard MPEG1. Preliminary results of intermediate tests are presented. For running tests, public domain codecs for H.261 and MPEG1 provided by Stanford University are used.
Image quality assessment using contourlet transform

We present a novel objective full-reference image quality assessment metric based on multiscale geometric analysis. The multichannel behavior of the human vision system is emulated by contourlet transform, a perceptual subband decomposition. Not only the contrast-masking effect but also the entropy-masking effect is considered to deal with the visual masking issue. In the error pooling stage, the frequency sensitivity of the HVS is investigated. Nonlinear and linear fusion schemes of subband distortion are compared. Extensive validation experiments are performed on two professional image databases, the LIVE database supplied by the University of Texas and the A57 database supplied by Cornell University. Compared with several state-of-the-art image quality metrics, the proposed metric demonstrates improvement on prediction accuracy and robustness.
Fast-decoupled three-phase load flow

Using as a reference the single-phase fast-decoupled algorithm, this paper describes the modifications required to produce an efficient three-phase fast-decoupled load flow. The compound-coil concept is used in the representation of power-system components, and the effect of automatic voltage regulators is modelled as part of the reactive-power Jacobian-matrix equation. It is shown that the three-phase modified fast-decoupled load flow displays all the characteristics of the original single-phase version.
Growth and Structure Formation of Collaboration Patterns Obtained from the Journals PNAS, SCIENCE and the Journal of Experimental Medicine

The paper is focused on social network analysis (SNA) and special structure formation processes of collaboration patterns in scientific networks. Three-dimensional visualization is used to show the growth and structural changes over time in the journals PNAS, Journal of Experimental Medicine and SCIENCE. Self-organization occurs in a variety of complex systems in nature and social networks. We will show this process of self-organization can be found also in co-authorship networks.
The Adaboost Algorithm Applied in ATM Automatic Identification System

Seeing that human face features are unique, an increasing number of face recognition algorithms on existing ATM are proposed. Since face detection is a primary link of face recognition, our system adopts AdaBoost algorithm which is based on face detection. Experiment results demonstrated that the computing time of face detection using this algorithm is about 70ms, and the single and multiple human faces can be effectively measured under well environment, which meets the demand of the system.
Simulation of large-scale multitarget tracking scenarios using GPUs

The increased availability of Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) in personal computers has made parallel pro- gramming worthwhile, but not necessarily easier. This paper will take advantage of the power of a GPU, in conjunction with the Central Processing Unit (CPU), in order to simulate target trajectories for large-scale scenarios, such as wide-area maritime or ground surveillance. The idea is to simulate the motion of tens of thousands of targets using a GPU by formulating an optimization problem that maximizes the throughput. To do this, the proposed algorithm is provided with input data that describes how the targets are expected to behave, path information (e.g., roadmaps, shipping lanes), and available computational resources. Then, it is possible to break down the algorithm into parts that are done in the CPU versus those sent to the GPU. The ultimate goal is to compare processing times of the algorithm with a GPU in conjunction with a CPU to those of the standard algorithms running on the CPU alone. In this paper, the optimization formulation for utilizing the GPU, simulation results on scenarios with a large number of targets and conclusions are provided.
SMS for Question-Answering in the m-Learning Scenario

Emerging technologies are leading to the development of several new opportunities to guide and enhance learning that were unimaginable a few years ago. The move towards adopting mobile learning technologies is fast growing in both academic and industrial sectors. Mobile learning uses portable devices linked to a commercial public network, including different types of mobile phones and handheld computers. For mobile users, as well in all mobile applications, SMS messaging is found to be the most useful and convenient way of communication technology. In case of mobile learning, there are only limited forms for conducting tests using true/false method, multiple choice selection method etc. Answering short questions is a better way of testing the students to get more details about a particular entity. The practice of messaging can be thought of highly useful for answering such short-answer questions. The case where answers are to be given as short messages to the assessors, evaluating them may not be that much easier when compared to other simple types of tests. This paper focuses on using SMS for answering 'short words-answers' types of questions and evaluating them using simple matching process, providing enough feedback.
A Computing Capability Allocation Algorithm for Cloud Computing Environment

For several special features in the environment of cloud computing, which may be quite different from the centralized computing infrastructure currently available, the existed method of resource allocation used in the grid computing environment may not be suitable for these changes. In our paper, a new allocation algorithm based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is proposed to satisfy the needs of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) supported by the cloud computing environment. When started, this algorithm first predicts the capability of the potentially available resource nodes; then, it analyzes some factors such as network qualities and response times to acquire a set of optimal compute nodes; finally, the tasks would be allocated to these suitable nodes. This algorithm has shorter response time and better performance than some of other algorithms which are based on Grid environment when running in the simulate cloud environment. This result is verified by the simulation in the Gridsim environment elaborated in the following section.
An exploratory survey of the SADC e‐government web sites

Purpose – This paper aims to evaluate selected Southern African Development Community (SADC) governments' web sites with regard to their language, content, currency, interactivity, and visibility.Design/methodology/approach – The study adopted both content analysis and link analysis methods.Findings – The findings show that all the SADC member states surveyed had web sites, whose statuses were at diverse development stages. The majority of the web sites were written in English while a few were bilingual and one was multilingual. Most of the web sites did not provide their dates of copyright or update. The majority of the web sites had government publications such as constitution, government reports, national development plans, and annual budgets. Only a few had information on parliamentary and presidential elections. Most web sites lacked vital statistics, calendars of forthcoming events, and facilities for feedback. Furthermore, the web sites varied with regard to their levels of interactivity and visibi.
An efficient algorithm for sequentially finding the N-best list

We propose a novel method to obtain the N-best list of hypotheses produced by a speech recognizer. The proposed procedure is based on eeciently computation of the N most likely state sequences of a hidden Markov model. We show that the entire information needed to compute the N-best list from the HMM trellis graph is encapsulated in entities that can be computed in a single forward-backward iteration that usually yields the most likely state sequence. The hypotheses list can then be extracted in a sequential manner from these entities without the need to refer back to the original data of the HMM.
Dynamic Walking of Biped Robots with Obstacles Using Predictive Controller

This paper proposes a control method for walking of biped robots while stepping over large obstacles, which is a big challenge for these robots. To this end, Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) is employed. The main advantage of this approach is that there is no need for trajectory planning. In other words, the robot finds the optimum gait length based on stability of the closed-loop system and going over the obstacles. Simulation results show good performance of the proposed method, where the biped can step over a 40×15cm obstacle in the sagittal plane without colliding with it. Keywords-biped robots; dynamic walking; nonlinear model predictive control; obstacles.
Analysis of blood pulse wave measured by reflective optical sensor

Spectrum analysis of a blood pulse wave (BPW) has been carried out by a novel optical measurement system. The BPW is detected at the second finger of a left hand by a photoelectric plethysmography. Spectrum analysis of the BPW reveals two independent signals, which are at about 1 Hz and 0.1 Hz. The higher-frequency signal is due to heart beats, and the lower signal is the result of breath. The BPW spectrum has been investigated in terms of frequency stability of heart rate (HR). The correlation coefficient between HR and standard deviation of HR in the amplitude spectrum is -0.90. The standard deviation of BPW in amplitude spectrum is presented as a parameter of the cardiovascular system. <<ETX>>
A direct interpretation of dynamic images and camera motion for vision guided robotics

A general scheme to represent the relation between dynamic images and camera motion is presented. Then, its application to visual servoing is proposed. For a specific object, the possible combination of the camera pose and the obtained image should be constrained on a lover dimensional hyper surface within the product space of whole combination of image data and camera position. The visual servoing, for example, is interpreted as to find a path on this surface leading to a given goal image. Our approach is to analyze the properties of this surface, and utilize its differential or tangential property for visual servoing. For this approach, the dimension of the image information becomes key problem. We propose to use the principal component analysis and to represent images with a composition of small number of "eigenimages" by using K-L (Karhunen-Loeve) expansion. In this paper, we describe, first, that a normal vector of this surface is related to the so-called interaction matrix, and confirm the feasibility of our basic idea for visual servoing with a preliminary experiment. Then, we present a dynamical estimation of the normal vectors to move robot arm mounting a camera to a goal position where a given goal image will be obtained. We also consider the construction of the eigenspace (the eigenimage space) to represent images efficiently and to speedup convergence in the control. Experimental results of visual servoing with proposed method show the feasibility and applicability of our newly proposed approach.
An architecture of real‐time video signal processing LSI‐picot

A real-time video signal processing LSI-Picot has been developed which processes dynamic images at video rate. Picot has an architecture which is suited to the image and video signal processing. By employing several internal buses and a new program control scheme, all operations are performed in one cycle 70 ns (=1/14.3 MHz). It has functions of not only addition, subtraction, and multiplication but also the maximum, minimum and absolute value operations, which are indispensable to image processing. Its dedicated addressing units can concurrently perform the memory write/read and operation with a data memory of up to 16 Mw connected, and it can cope with a large-size static image exceeding that of HDTV. Picot is constructed using 1.5 μm CMOS gate array technology and a 30,000-gate circuit integrated on a 14.95 mm × 14.95 mm chip, to be implemented on a 223-pin PGA. It operates on a 5-V single power supply with the power consumption of approximately 1 W.
Memristor Oscillators and its FPGA Implementation

This paper presents a method that utilizes a memristor to replace the non-linear resistance of typical Chua’s circuit for constructing a chaotic system. The improved circuit is numerically simulated in the MATLAB condition, and its hardware implementation is designed using field programmable gate array (FPGA). Comparing the experimental results with the numerical simulation, the two are the very same, and be able to generate chaotic attractor.
An Adaptive Iterative Learning Control for Robot Manipulator in Task Space

In this paper, adaptive iterative learning control (AILC) of uncertain robot manipulators in task space is considered for trajectory tracking in an iterative operation mode. The control scheme incluces a PD controller with a gain switching technique plus a learning feedforward term, is exploited to predict the desired actuator torque. By using Lyapunov method, an adaptive iterative learning control scheme is presented for robotic system with both structured and unstructured uncertainty, and the overall stability of the closed-loop system in the iterative domain is established. The validity of the scheme is confirmed through a numerical simulation.
The CLUSTER3 System For Goal-orientedConceptual Clustering: Method And PreliminaryResults

A conceptual clustering program CLUSTER3 is described that, given a set of objects represented by attribute-value tuples, groups them into clusters described by generalized conjunctive descriptions in attributional calculus. The descriptions are optimized according to a user-designed multi-criterion clustering quality measure. The clustering process in CLUSTER3 depends on a viewpoint underlying the clustering goal, and employs the view-relevant attribute subsetting method (VAS) that selects for clustering only attributes relevant to this viewpoint. The program is illustrated by a simple designed problem and by its application to clustering of US Congressional voting records. The ongoing research concerns application of CLUSTER3 to large and complex datasets such as collections of web pages.
From measurements to metrics: PCA-based indicators of cyber anomaly

We present a framework of the application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to automatically obtain meaningful metrics from intrusion detection measurements. In particular, we report the progress made in applying PCA to analyze the behavioral measurements of malware and provide some preliminary results in selecting dominant attributes from an arbitrary number of malware attributes. The results will be useful in formulating an optimal detection threshold in the principal component space, which can both validate and augment existing malware classifiers.
A 14-bit intrinsic accuracy Q2 random walk CMOS DAC

In this paper, a 14-bit, 150-MSamples/s current steering digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is presented. It uses the novel Q/sup 2/ random walk switching scheme to obtain full 14-bit accuracy without trimming or tuning. The measured integral and differential nonlinearity performances are 0.3 and 0.2 LSB, respectively; the spurious-free dynamic range is 84 dB at 500 kHz and 61 dB at 5 MHz. Running from a single 2.7-V power supply, it has a power consumption of 70 mW for an input signal of 500 kHz and 300 mW for an input signal of 15 MHz. The DAC has been integrated in a standard digital single-poly, triple-metal 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS process. The die area is 13.1 mm/sup 2/.
Debriefing can reduce misperceptions of feedback: The case of renewable resource management

According to the hypothesis of misperception of feedback, people's poor performance in renewable resource management tasks can be attributed to their general tendency to systematically misperceive the dynamics of bioeconomic systems. The thesis of this article is that dynamic decision performance can be improved by helping individuals develop more accurate mental models of renewable resource systems through training using computer simulation-based interactive learning environments (CSBILEs) that include debriefing. A laboratory experiment is reported in which participants managed a dynamic task by playing the roles of fishing fleet managers. One group of participants used a CSBILE with debriefing, and another group used the same CSBILE but without debriefing. A comprehensive model consisting of four evaluation criteria was developed and used. The evaluation criteria were task performance, structural knowledge, heuristics, and decision time. It was found that debriefing was effective on all four criteria: Debriefing improved task performance, helped users learn more about the decision domain and develop heuristics, and reduced decision time in dynamic decision making.
Improving understanding, learning, and performances of novices in dynamic managerial simulation games: A Gradual-Increase-In-Complexity Approach

Simulations are increasingly used in training and education because of their success and their advantages as a learning method. However, it has also been observed that the dynamic complexity of simulations creates learning difficulties, and that performance tends to plateau quickly at a level well below benchmark performance. To overcome this difficulty, a gradual-increase-in-complexity approach is proposed, which suggests developing simpler versions of a simulation game that can be used as part of the training. Accordingly, the authors developed a series of inventory-management simulations and conducted an experiment. The results indicate an improvement in the success of the inventory-management simulation as a training tool. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2010 This article was submitted as an invited paper resulting from the “Understanding Complex Systems” conference held at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, May 2008.
Development of a Digram-Based Typing Key Layout for Single-Finger/Stylus Input

Hand-held devices often include a keyboard on which a user types with one finger or a stylus. When a user types with one finger, conventional key layouts are not optimal for typing throughput. We used a predictive human performance model based on the frequency of English-language digrams and interkey distances to evaluate alternative key layouts. We also analyzed English digrams with a path-analysis program to determine the strongest links among English letters. The path analysis combined with the predictive human performance model provided a basis for developing and evaluating typing-key layouts for single-finger input. A nonstandard typing-key layout (in a roughly 5 times 5 key matrix) based on digram analysis should, after the development of skilled use, be about 27% better than the QWERTY layout. A nonstandard alphabetic typing-key layout (in a roughly 5 times 5 key matrix) should be about 13% better than the QWERTY layout for single-finger entry.
The Method of Background Extraction and Background Updating Based on Traffic Video

In order to improve the degree and real-time of the vehicle image detection, a background extraction method based on the probability mean value method and the background update based on the weighted coefficient method through divided area are proposed through the acquisition of real-time traffic information and processing of video images for intelligent transportation systems. Finally a prototype of background extraction and background update is got, and it achieves the detection of moving vehicles. The experimental results show that this method is simple, small amount of calculation and it has a good robustness; it can extract a good background image quickly and detect a complete shadow of vehicles. So this method can meet the requirements of real-time detection of multiple moving targets.
XMG: eXtending MetaGrammars to MCTAG

In this paper, we introduce an extension of the XMG system (eXtensible MetaGrammar) in order to allow for the description of Multi-Component Tree Adjoining Grammars. In particular, we introduce the XMG formalism and its implementation, and show how the latter makes it possible to extend the system relatively easily to different target formalisms, thus opening the way towards multi-formalism.