Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Visual Perception to Aesthetic Appeal: Brain Responses to Aesthetically Appealing Natural Landscape Movies

During aesthetically appealing visual experiences, visual content provides a basis for computation of affectively tinged representations of aesthetic value. How this happens in the brain is largely unexplored. Using engaging video clips of natural landscapes, we tested whether cortical regions that respond to perceptual aspects of an environment (e.g., spatial layout, object content and motion) were directly modulated by rated aesthetic appeal. Twenty-four participants watched a series of videos of natural landscapes while being scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and reported both continuous ratings of enjoyment (during the videos) and overall aesthetic judgments (after each video). Although landscape videos engaged a greater expanse of high-level visual cortex compared to that observed for images of landscapes, independently localized category-selective visual regions (e.g., scene-selective parahippocampal place area and motion-selective hMT+) were not significantly modulated by aesthetic appeal. Rather, a whole-brain analysis revealed modulations by aesthetic appeal in ventral (collateral sulcus) and lateral (middle occipital sulcus, posterior middle temporal gyrus) clusters that were adjacent to scene and motion selective regions. These findings suggest that aesthetic appeal per se is not represented in well-characterized feature- and category-selective regions of visual cortex. Rather, we propose that the observed activations reflect a local transformation from a feature-based visual representation to a representation of “elemental affect,” computed through information-processing mechanisms that detect deviations from an observer’s expectations. Furthermore, we found modulation by aesthetic appeal in subcortical reward structures but not in regions of the default-mode network (DMN) nor orbitofrontal cortex, and only weak evidence for associated changes in functional connectivity. In contrast to other visual aesthetic domains, aesthetically appealing interactions with natural landscapes may rely more heavily on comparisons between ongoing stimulation and well-formed representations of the natural world, and less on top-down processes for resolving ambiguities or assessing self-relevance.
Numerical Simulation Study on the Mechanism of Formation of Apical Aneurysm in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With Midventricular Obstruction

Apical aneurysm was observed to be associated with midventricular obstruction (MVO) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). To investigate the genesis of the apical aneurysm, the idealized numerical left ventricular models (finite-element left ventricle models) of the healthy left ventricle, subaortic obstruction, and midventricular obstruction in HCM of left ventricle were created. The mechanical effects in the formation of apical aneurysm were determined by comparing the myofiber stress on the apical wall between these three models (healthy, subaortic obstruction, and midventricular obstruction models). In comparing the subaortic obstruction model and MVO model with HCM, it was found that, at the time of maximum pressure, the maximum value of myofiber stress in MVO model was 75.0% higher than that in the subaortic obstruction model (654.5 kPa vs. 373.9 kPa). The maximum stress on the apex of LV increased 79.9, 69.3, 117.8% than that on the myocardium around the apex in healthy model, subaortic obstruction model, and MVO model, respectively. Our results indicated that high myofiber stress on the apical wall might initiate the formation process of the apical aneurysm.
Large-Scale Data Mining of Rapid Residue Detection Assay Data From HTML and PDF Documents: Improving Data Access and Visualization for Veterinarians

Extra-label drug use in food animal medicine is authorized by the US Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA), and estimated withdrawal intervals are based on published scientific pharmacokinetic data. Occasionally there is a paucity of scientific data on which to base a withdrawal interval or a large number of animals being treated, driving the need to test for drug residues. Rapid assay commercial farm-side tests are essential for monitoring drug residues in animal products to protect human health. Active ingredients, sensitivity, matrices, and species that have been evaluated for commercial rapid assay tests are typically reported on manufacturers' websites or in PDF documents that are available to consumers but may require a special access request. Additionally, this information is not always correlated with FDA-approved tolerances. Furthermore, parameter changes for these tests can be very challenging to regularly identify, especially those listed on websites or in documents that are not publicly available. Therefore, artificial intelligence plays a critical role in efficiently extracting the data and ensure current information. Extracting tables from PDF and HTML documents has been investigated both by academia and commercial tool builders. Research in text mining of such documents has become a widespread yet challenging arena in implementing natural language programming. However, techniques of extracting tables are still in their infancy and being investigated and improved by researchers. In this study, we developed and evaluated a data-mining method for automatically extracting rapid assay data from electronic documents. Our automatic electronic data extraction method includes a software package module, a developed pattern recognition tool, and a data mining engine. Assay details were provided by several commercial entities that produce these rapid drug residue assay tests. During this study, we developed a real-time conversion system and method for reflowing contents in these files for accessibility practice and research data mining. Embedded information was extracted using an AI technology for text extraction and text mining to convert to structured formats. These data were then made available to veterinarians and producers via an online interface, allowing interactive searching and also presenting the commercial test assay parameters in reference to FDA-approved tolerances.
Auditory Attention Detection via Cross-Modal Attention

Humans show a remarkable perceptual ability to select the speech stream of interest among multiple competing speakers. Previous studies demonstrated that auditory attention detection (AAD) can infer which speaker is attended by analyzing a listener's electroencephalography (EEG) activities. However, previous AAD approaches perform poorly on short signal segments, more advanced decoding strategies are needed to realize robust real-time AAD. In this study, we propose a novel approach, i.e., cross-modal attention-based AAD (CMAA), to exploit the discriminative features and the correlation between audio and EEG signals. With this mechanism, we hope to dynamically adapt the interactions and fuse cross-modal information by directly attending to audio and EEG features, thereby detecting the auditory attention activities manifested in brain signals. We also validate the CMAA model through data visualization and comprehensive experiments on a publicly available database. Experiments show that the CMAA achieves accuracy values of 82.8, 86.4, and 87.6% for 1-, 2-, and 5-s decision windows under anechoic conditions, respectively; for a 2-s decision window, it achieves an average of 84.1% under real-world reverberant conditions. The proposed CMAA network not only achieves better performance than the conventional linear model, but also outperforms the state-of-the-art non-linear approaches. These results and data visualization suggest that the CMAA model can dynamically adapt the interactions and fuse cross-modal information by directly attending to audio and EEG features in order to improve the AAD performance.
A Review of Working Memory Training in the Management of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders among children. Working memory deficits underlie many of the behavioural symptoms of ADHD. Alongside psychostimulant medications, strategies to improve working memory may play an important adjuvant role in the management of ADHD. In this study, we review the role of working memory deficits in ADHD, the evidence surrounding working memory training strategies in the management of the condition, and the factors affecting the success of these strategies in alleviating ADHD symptoms. More specifically, we review several non-pharmacological interventions that target working memory deficits in ADHD, with special emphasis on cognitive working memory training. We conclude that the development of evidence-based interventions such as computerised cognitive training (CCT) could provide an alternative or adjunct to the use of psychostimulants, especially in cases where side effects are a major issue.
Hanseniaspora smithiae sp. nov., a Novel Apiculate Yeast Species From Patagonian Forests That Lacks the Typical Genomic Domestication Signatures for Fermentative Environments

During a survey of Nothofagus trees and their parasitic fungi in Andean Patagonia (Argentina), genetically distinct strains of Hanseniaspora were obtained from the sugar-containing stromata of parasitic Cyttaria spp. Phylogenetic analyses based on the single-gene sequences (encoding rRNA and actin) or on conserved, single-copy, orthologous genes from genome sequence assemblies revealed that these strains represent a new species closely related to Hanseniaspora valbyensis. Additionally, delimitation of this novel species was supported by genetic distance calculations using overall genome relatedness indices (OGRI) between the novel taxon and its closest relatives. To better understand the mode of speciation in Hanseniaspora, we examined genes that were retained or lost in the novel species in comparison to its closest relatives. These analyses show that, during diversification, this novel species and its closest relatives, H. valbyensis and Hanseniaspora jakobsenii, lost mitochondrial and other genes involved in the generation of precursor metabolites and energy, which could explain their slower growth and higher ethanol yields under aerobic conditions. Similarly, Hanseniaspora mollemarum lost the ability to sporulate, along with genes that are involved in meiosis and mating. Based on these findings, a formal description of the novel yeast species Hanseniaspora smithiae sp. nov. is proposed, with CRUB 1602H as the holotype.
Effects of Attentional Control on Gait and Inter-Joint Coordination During Dual-Task Walking

In the process of walking, attentional resources are flexibly allocated to deal with varying environmental constraints correlated with attentional control (AC). A dual-task paradigm was used to investigate the effects of AC on gait and inter-joint coordination. Fifty students volunteered to participate in this study. Based on the reaction time (RT) in the Stroop task, the top 15 participants were assigned to the High Attentional Control (HAC) group, while the last 15 participants were assigned to the Low Attentional Control (LAC) group. The participants in the two groups were randomly asked to perform three tasks: (i) single 2-back working memory task (ST 2-back); (ii) single walking task (ST walking); and (iii) dual task (DT). Cognitive outcomes and gait spatiotemporal parameters were measured. Continuous relative phase (CRP), derived from phase angles of two adjacent joints, was used to assess inter-joint coordination. The LAC group exhibited significant task effects regarding RT, correct rate (CR), step width, gait cycle, step time, forefoot contact times, heel-forefoot times, hip-knee mean absolute relative phase (MARP), and deviation phase (DP) in the stance and swing phases (p < 0.05). In the HAC group, significant task effects were only detected in RT and foot progression angle of the left foot (p < 0.05). Under the three task conditions, the LAC group exhibited a higher CR in ST, longer heel contact times, and longer heel-forefoot times when compared with the LAC group (p < 0.05). Compared with the LAC group, the HAC group exhibited significantly smaller (closer to zero) MARP and weaker hip-knee DP values in the swing phase across all gait conditions (p < 0.05). In the stance phase, the HAC group had smaller MARP (closer to zero) values when compared with the LAC group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the ability to maintain gait control and modulate inter-joint coordination patterns in young adults is affected by the level of attentional control in accommodating gait disturbances. AC is correlated with the performance of motor control, which theoretically supports the competitive selection of athletes and fall prevention strategies for a specific population.
PROCESSES AND EQUIPMENT OF CHEMICAL AND OIL-AND-GAS TECHNOLOGIES CALCULATED EFFICIENCY OF RECOVERY OF HEAT OF VAPOR-AIR MIXTURE IN SPRAY DRYER

The efficiency of recovery of heat of vapor-air mixture in spray dryer in production of powdery synthetic detergents is calculated. The scheme of heat recovery from vapor-air mixture with a substantial moisture content and condensation of moisture in a tube-in-tube heat exchanger is investigated. The attainable process efficiency levels are determined with due regard for convective and radiant heat exchange and heat dissipation from the outer surface of the external tube to the environment.
Effect of Alloying Elements on the Electrochemical Characteristics of an Al Alloy Electrode for Al-air Batteries in 4M NaOH solution

We examined the effects of alloying elements such as Fe, Ga, In, Sn, Mg, and Mn on the electrochemical characteristics of Al-based alloys for Al-air batteries by potentiodynamic polarization tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The corrosion potential of an Al anode was lowered by the addition of Ga and Sn, resulting in an increase in the cell voltage compared with a pure Al electrode. Fe was not beneficial to improve the electrochemical properties of the Al anode in that it caused a decrease in the cell voltage and reduced corrosion rate slightly. In, Mn, Sn, and Mg decreased the corrosion rate of the Al alloys, while Ga enhanced corrosion significantly and accelerated consumption of the anode.
A Massive, Cooling-Flow-Induced Starburst in the Core of a Highly Luminous Galaxy Cluster

M. McDonald, M. Bayliss, B. A. Benson, R. J. Foley, J. Ruel, P. Sullivan, S. Veilleux, K. A. Aird, M. L. N. Ashby, M. Bautz, G. Bazin, L. E. Bleem, M. Brodwin, J. E. Carlstrom, C. L. Chang, H. M. Cho, A. Clocchiatti, T. M. Crawford, A. T. Crites, T. de Haan, S. Desai, M. A. Dobbs, J. P. Dudley, E. Egami, W. R. Forman, G. P. Garmire, E. M. George, M. D. Gladders, A. H. Gonzalez, N. W. Halverson, N. L. Harrington, F. W. High, G. P. Holder, W. L. Holzapfel, S. Hoover, J. D. Hrubes, C. Jones, M. Joy, R. Keisler, L. Knox, A. T. Lee, E. M. Leitch, J. Liu, M. Lueker, D. Luong-Van, A. Mantz, D. P. Marrone, J. J. McMahon, J. Mehl, S. S. Meyer, E. D. Miller, L. Mocanu, J. J. Mohr, T. E. Montroy, S. S. Murray, T. Natoli,, S. Padin, T. Plagge, C. Pryke, T. D. Rawle, C. L. Reichardt, A. Rest, M. Rex, J. E. Ruhl, B. R. Saliwanchik, A. Saro, J. T. Sayre, K. K. Schaffer, L. Shaw, E. Shirokoff, R. Simcoe, J. Song, H. G. Spieler, B. Stalder, Z. Staniszewski, A. A. Stark, K. Story, C. W. Stubbs, R. Šuhada, A. van Engelen, K. Vanderlinde, J. D. Vieira, A. Vikhlinin, R. Williamson, O. Zahn, and A. Zenteno
Relationship between 14C age and structural property of humic acids.

To understand the relationship between residence time and structural property of soil humic acids (HAs), a HA sample obtained from the A horizon of a Haplic Andosol at a depth of 35-40 cm (247+33 years before present (yBP)) was fractionated to 8 sub-fractions having different degrees of humification, and their 14 C age, molecular size distribution (high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC)), C composition (ramp cross polarization/magic angle spinning (CPMAS) 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy), and N composition (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)) were measured. Condensed aromatic components were investigated by ruthenium tetroxide oxidation (RTO) method and based on 11 band profile analysis in X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra. With increasing 14 C age, aromatic C and N contents as well as molecular size became larger. RTO yielded degradation products derived from naphthalene to coronene nuclei, and XRD analyses suggested the presence of carbon-layer planes corresponding to 4-37 ring condensed aromatic structures in the HAs.
Adsorption and Desorption of Chlorinated Compounds from Pristine and Thermally Treated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

We report on the adsorption and desorption behavior of chlorinated compounds on as-produced as well as heat-treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Adsorption and desorption studies of trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA), and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (1,3,5-TCB), three chlorinated compounds with different molecular structures, on MWCNT bundles were performed. Adsorption measurements indicated that adsorption capacities of these chlorinated compounds to MWCNTs are greatly affected by the molecular structures and follow an order of 1,1,1-TCA < TCE < 1,3,5-TCB. A pronounced desorption hysteresis was observed for all the adsorbate compounds that were experimented on pristine MWCNTs. Similar adsorption and desorption investigations on thermally treated MWCNTs showed an increased sorption capacity of these compounds (39−97%). However, in the case of the heat-treated MWCNTs, reduced desorption hysteresis was noticed, possibly due to the removal of disorderly amorphous carbon and certa.
Quality Characterization of Banana Varieties Grown under West Bengal Conditions

GROWN UNDER WEST BENGAL CONDITIONS VENKATA SATISH KUCHI , J. KABIR , F. K. BOURI, RAJESH GUPTA & R. S. DHUA Department of Postharvest Technology, College of Ho rticulture, YSRHU, Anantharajupeta, Andhra Pradesh, India Department of Postharvest Technology, BCKV, Nadia, West Bengal, India Department of Fruits and Orchard Management, BCKV, Nadia, West Bengal, India Scientist, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, RVSKVV, Gwalior, M adhya Pradesh, India ABSTRACT
Comparative carbohydrate catabolism in Arthrobacter 39 1

The catabolic pathways for the utilization of glucose and gluconate in one representation of each of five species of Arthrobacter were studied by the respirometric method (Wang et al. 1958). The results indicate that these Arthrobacter organisms can be classified into two groups on the basis of their catabolic behaviour. The first group (Arthrobacter ureafaciens, A. globiformis) relies primarily on the operation of the Embden-MeyerhofParnas pathway and, to some extent, the hexose monophosphate pathway for the assimilation of glucose. In the second group (A. simplex, A . pascens, A. atrocyaneus) glucose is catabolized primarily by way of the intermediary formation of gluconate; the Entner-Doudoroff and the hexose monophosphate pathways appear to be the major routes for the assimilation of glucose and gluconate.
Effect assessment of laparoscopy in combination with traditional Chinese medicine decoction in the treatment of endometriosis

Abstract Background: Endometriosis (EMs) affects about 10% of women of childbearing age. It is defined as functional endometrial tissue appearing in other parts of the uterine cavity, manifested by varying degrees of pelvic pain and pelvic mass, etc. Therefore, to improve the therapeutic effect of endometriosis, we must constantly explore new ways to treat the disease. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the combined use of laparoscopy and traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of patients with EMs. Methods: A systematic literature search will be conducted at China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang databases, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library. The search period limit is from the time the date of database establishment to June 21, 2021. To ensure the comprehensiveness of the search, relevant references and conference literature are also included. The risk of bias in the final included studies will be evaluated based on the guidelines of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The RevMan software will be employed to perform data synthesis and statistical analysis. Results: The effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic surgery combined with traditional Chinese medicine decoction in the treatment of patients with EMs will be systematically evaluated. Conclusion: The results of this study will provide strong evidence for judging whether laparoscopy combined with traditional Chinese medicine decoction is an effective strategy for the treatment of patients with EMs.
Efficacy of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra in diagnosing tuberculosis meningitis

Abstract Background: This study aimed to assess whether Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) can effectively diagnose tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) and to simultaneously compare its effectiveness with Xpert in diagnosing TBM in the same population. Methods: On August 12, 2020, Wanfang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PubMed were searched for studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert Ultra for TBM. Then, we assessed the efficacy of Xpert Ultra against a composite reference standard and culture. If applicable, we also examined the diagnostic efficacy of Xpert in the same population. Heterogeneity was then explored by meta-regression, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses. Results: Six studies containing 601 specimens reported the diagnostic efficacy of Xpert Ultra for TBM, with a composite reference standard. No study had compared the efficacy between Xpert Ultra and culture. The pooled sensitivity of Xpert Ultra was 64% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 45–80), and the I2 value was 86% (95% CI: 76–96); its specificity for TBM was consistently 100%. In the same population, 5 studies compared the diagnostic efficacy between Xpert Ultra and Xpert for TBM. The pooled sensitivity of Xpert Ultra and Xpert was 68% (95% CI: 46–84; I2 = 87%) and 37% (95% CI: 25–50; I2 = 72%), respectively. The studies were significantly heterogeneous in terms of sensitivity but not heterogeneous in specificity. Conclusions: Xpert Ultra was more sensitive than Xpert, but both were specific (100%). Therefore, Xpert Ultra had an excellent diagnostic efficacy for TBM, and it could be the preferred initial test for TBM.