Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Broadband polarized photodetector based on p-BP/n-ReS2 heterojunction

Two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystals, such as graphene, black phosphorus (BP) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are attractive for use in optoelectronic devices, due to their unique crystal structures and optical absorption properties. In this study, we fabricated BP/ReS2 van der Waals (vdWs) heterojunction devices. The devices realized broadband photoresponse from visible to near infrared (NIR) (400–1800 nm) with stable and repeatable photoswitch characteristics, and the photoresponsivity reached 1.8 mA/W at 1550 nm. In addition, the polarization sensitive detection in the visible to NIR spectrum (532–1750 nm) was demonstrated, and the photodetector showed a highly polarization sensitive photocurrent with an anisotropy ratio as high as 6.44 at 1064 nm. Our study shows that van der Waals heterojunction is an effective way to realize the broadband polarization sensitive photodetection, which is of great significance to the realization and application of multi-functional devices based on 2D vdWs heterostructures.
Improving Reliability: User Authentication on Smartphones Using Keystroke Biometrics

Keystroke biometrics is a well-investigated dynamic behavioral methodology that utilizes the unique behavioral patterns of users to verify their identity when tapping keys. However, the performance of keystroke biometrics is unreliable due to its high error rate and low robustness. In this paper, we propose differential evolution and adversarial noise-based user authentication (DEANUA), which is a verification scheme for enhancing reliability by reducing the error rate and improving robustness. We investigate the current mainstream features and build a more comprehensive feature set that composed of 146 features. Then, we use a differential evolution method to select an optimized feature set. With the support vector regression method on this feature set, we achieve an equal error rate (EER) of 0.12660% and also a 31.25% energy consumption reduction rate. In this paper, the model is trained with the training samples collected from one situation, but the model is used in various situations. Thus, the robustness of the model is inadequate. We constructed the adversarial noise samples to simulate users’ behavioral characteristics in different situational contexts. We use the adversarial noise samples to test the models in a strict experimental environment, which raises the EER by 83.59%, to 10.9299%. Then, we enhance the model with adversarial noise samples to obtain an EER of 8.70932%, which is a reduction of 20.32%.
Thermal conductivity and stability for ultrathin SiO2 nanowires: insight from molecular dynamics simulation

The thermal character of ultrathin silica (SiO2) nanowires was studied by molecular dynamics simulation, whose structures have been predicted in our previous study. Eight structures including two-, three-, four-, five-membered ring structures (2MR, 2MR-2O, 3MR-3O, 4MR-4O, and 5MR-5O), 4MR-3facet, 4MR-4facet, 4MR-5facet (4MR-3f, 4MR-4f, and 4MR-5f) were considered for different nanowire sizes. Thermal conductivities of all nanowire structures were derived from the inverse ratio of thermal conductivity to the length of the simulated cell by non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation (NEMD). For the membered and faceted nanowires, the thermal conductivity considerably increases when the nanowire size decreases. For the membered nanowires, the thermal conductivities of 2MR and 5MR-5O were about 162 and 20.5 times higher than that of bulk silica, and for the faceted nanowires, the thermal conductivities of 4MR-3f and 4MR-5f were about 24.6 and 13.5 times higher than that of bulk silica. The thermal stability of these nanowires was also investigated during the heating process of 300 to 5000 K, and variations of Si–O–Si and O–Si–O angles with the increasing temperature were used to indicate their melting points. The simulation results show the structures of all SiO2 nanowires are still stable at temperatures over 3000 K, which is much higher than the melting point of bulk silica about 1978 K. The simulation results have concluded that SiO2 nanowires are potential materials with ultra-high thermal conductivities and can be safely used in an environment at the temperature higher than 3000 K.
Investigating the influence of attachment styles on anxiety sensitivity

The purpose of this study was to examine if there are significant relationships between anxiety sensitivity and attachment styles and if attachment styles predict anxiety sensitivity. Descriptive method was used in this study. The study group is composed by 781 (379 females; 402 males) students studying in different departments of the Faculties of Education and Technical Education, and department of physical education and sports teaching of School of Physical Education and Sports at Mugla University. The data were collected using the Relationship Scales Questionnaire and Anxiety Sensitivity Index-R. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis was employed. Attachment styles were found to be significantly correlated to anxiety sensitivity. A significant effect of attachment styles, on anxiety sensitivity was detected.
A micromechanical model of freeze-thaw damage in asphalt mixtures

ABSTRACT Freeze-thaw damage in asphalt pavements is a complex phenomenon dependent on many parameters such as moisture infiltration, temperature and mechanical properties of the asphalt constituents as well as the interface between them. As a first step in creating a comprehensive multiscale model including all of these parameters, a micromechanical model has been developed. This model couples the infiltration of moisture and the associated damage, the expansion caused by the water inside the air voids freezing, and the mechanical damage. The expansion of the air voids is implemented by applying a volumetric expansion in the air voids dependent on the temperature. The cohesive damage in the mastic and adhesive damage in the mastic-aggregate interface are included by implementing an energy-based damage model and the cohesive zone model, respectively. To show the capabilities of the model, the effect of different parameters (the number of freeze-thaw cycles, the gradation of the microstructure, and the freezing time) was investigated through simulations. From the analyses it was concluded that the model was capable of capturing the deteriorating effect of an increasing number of freeze-thaw cycles, and was sensitive to the freezing time in the freeze-thaw cycles.
High-Performance UV-Assisted NO2 Sensor Based on Chemical Vapor Deposition Graphene at Room Temperature

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the most dangerous air pollutants that can affect human health even at the ppb (part per billion) level. Thus, the superior sensing performance of nitrogen dioxide gas sensors is an imperative for real-time environmental monitoring. Traditional solid-state sensors based on metal-oxide transistors have the drawbacks of high power consumption, high operating temperature, poor selectivity, and difficult integration with other electronics. In that respect, graphene-based gas sensors have been extensively studied as potential replacements. However, their advantages of high sensing efficiency, low power consumption, and simple electronic integration have been countered by their slow response and poor repeatability. Here, we report the fabrication of high-performance ultraviolet (UV)-assisted room temperature NO2 sensors based on chemical vapor deposition-grown graphene. UV irradiation improves the response of the sensor sevenfold with respect to the dark condition attaining 26% change in resistance at 100 ppm NO2 concentration with a practical detection limit below 1 ppm (42.18 ppb). In addition, the recovery time was shortened fivefold to a few minutes and the excellent repeatability. This work may provide a promising and practical method to mass produce room-temperature NO2 gas sensors for real-time environment monitoring due to its simple fabrication process, low cost, and practicality.
Multicultural manners : essential rules of etiquette for the 21st century

Acknowledgments. Introduction. 1. The New Rules of Communication. Body Language. Child-Rearing Practices. Classroom Behavior. Clothing and Jewelry. Colors. Foodways. Gifts. Health Practices. Holidays. Luck and Supernatural Forces. Male/Female Relations and Gender Issues. Miscellany. Prejudice. Time. Verbal Expressions. 2. Clearing Cultural Confusions. A Quick Reference Guide. Map. Africans. Asians. South Asians. Southeast Asians. The Balkans. Independent Members of the Former USSR. Middle Easterners. Bibliography. Index.
Benchmarking of task and motion planners

We present the first platform-independent evaluation method for Task and Motion Planning (TAMP). Previously point, various problems have been used to test individual planners for specific aspects of TAMP. However, no common set of metrics, formats, and problems have been accepted by the community. We propose a set of benchmark problems covering the challenging aspects of TAMP and a planner-independent specification format for these problems. Our objective is to better evaluate and compare TAMP planners, foster communication and progress within the field, and lay a foundation to better understand this class of planning problems.
A Survey of Teenagers' Views of Sex and Relationships Education and Sexual Health Services in Kent. Full report.

This report provides the methodological outline and findings of Project One. The purpose of this project was to: . describe how teenagers currently get information about sexual health and relationships and the value placed on these sources . identify the nature, strengths and weaknesses of sexual health education received . ascertain the up-take, strengths and weaknesses of any sexual health services used in the community . describe the extent to which education and health services have prepared young people and whether they have influenced behaviour . identify ways services can be improved
A golden connection: Exploring the challenges of developing interpretation strategies for a Chinese heritage precinct on the central Victorian goldfields

This article introduces and evaluates heritage tourism interpretation strategies for depicting the Chinese-Australian gold seeking experience across an urban tourism landscape in central Victoria, Australia. The city of Bendigo has its origins in the nineteenth century goldrushes and contains a variety of heritage sites, most notably those connected with the Chinese migration to the region in search of gold. These sites, including a temple, museum, cemetery, and kiln site, form arguably one of the most complete collections of Chinese goldrush heritage assets still in existence across the globe and have the potential to be marketed to visitors as a Chinese heritage precinct. They provide a direct familial and cultural nexus between southern China and Australia, yet also highlight a complex historical encounter that requires development of visitor interpretation to bring the stories to life and provide meaning and tourist appeal. This article, using a cultural landscape model, will evaluate the way in which key historical assets can be understood as heritage tourism attractions in the present day and the role of interpretation in that process, particularly focusing on the use of podcasts and promotional media films as interpretive tools. It will also consider how thematic interpretation, based on and acknowledging contested narratives, may add to the authenticity of the precinct for visitors and complement the built heritage. The findings suggest that while some of the Chinese heritage sites in Bendigo are successful tourism ventures or have strong tourist potential, overall the tourist experience is fragmented and would benefit from more integrated interpretation strategies that link the various sites across the precinct and the region.
Fiber-grating sensors having longitudinal-strain-inducing jackets and sensor systems and structures including such sensors

A sensor comprising an optical fiber that includes a Bragg grating and a longitudinal-strain-inducing (LSI) jacket for inducing longitudinal strain into the optical fiber as a function of a transverse load, i.e., pressure or force. As the LSI jacket induces strain into the optical fiber, the fiber grating deforms, thereby changing the character of light reflected from the grating. The changes in character of the reflected light can be measured using suitable optical instrumentation. Additional physical characteristics that can be measured/sensed using an LSI-jacket-based sensor include moisture content/presence, chemical content/presence, and temperature. A transverse-load-sensing sensor can include transverse-load-applying structures that compress the LSI jacket under transverse load, causing the jacket to controllably elongate and thereby induce longitudinal strain into the optical fiber. Chemical and moisture LSI jackets can comprise materials that swell in the presence of the chemical or moisture.
What To Look for in a Classroom...and Other Essays.

Part One: Classroom Mismanagement. 1. The Limits of Teaching Skills. 2. The Trouble with School Uniforms. 3. Beyond Discipline. 4. How Not to Teach Values: A Critical Look at Character Education. Part Two: American Ideology Goes to School. 5. Resistance to Cooperative Learning: Making Sense of Its Deletion and Dilution. 6. "A Lot of Fat Kids Who Don't Like to Read": The Effects of Pizza Hut's Book It! Program and Other Reading Incentives. 7. Grading: The Issue is Not How But Why. 8. Grade Inflation and Other Red Herrings. 9. Only for My Kid: How Privileged Parents Undermine School Reform. Part Three: Unquestioned Assumptions About Children. 10. Suffer the Restless Children: Unsettling Questions About the ADHD Label. 11. The Truth About Self-Esteem. 12. Television and Children: ReViewing the Evidence. Part Four: Business as Usual. 13. The Five-Hundred-Pound Gorilla. 14. The False Premises of School Choice Plans. 15. Students Don't "Work"--They Learn. 16. The Littlest Customers: TQM Goes to School. Part Five: Lessons Learned. 17. Caring Kids: The Role of the Schools. 18. Choices for Children: Why and How to Let Students Decide. 19. What to Look for in a Classroom.
Neural Network-Based Modeling of Phonetic Durations

A deep neural network (DNN)-based model has been developed to predict non-parametric distributions of durations of phonemes in specified phonetic contexts and used to explore which factors influence durations most. Major factors in US English are pre-pausal lengthening, lexical stress, and speaking rate. The model can be used to check that text-to-speech (TTS) training speech follows the script and words are pronounced as expected. Duration prediction is poorer with training speech for automatic speech recognition (ASR) because the training corpus typically consists of single utterances from many speakers and is often noisy or casually spoken. Low probability durations in ASR training material nevertheless mostly correspond to non-standard speech, with some having disfluencies. Children's speech is disproportionately present in these utterances, since children show much more variation in timing.
A Functional Analysis of Depression Apps User Installs and Rating Emergent Research Forum ( ERF ) Papers

As access to healthcare to depression remains unavailable or insufficient to a significant part of the population dealing with depression, mobile apps dealing with depression have been spreading and generalizing. In this paper, we investigate depression apps based on data available on the Google Play Store. We find apps addressing several functions in depression apps: education, assessment, tracking, connection, treatment and recreation. While education is the most developed feature (39% of apps), treatment is the most desired feature (68% of app installations). Higher app ratings correlate with higher installs. Apps assessing depression are particularly poorly rated by users, possibly because of the medical nature of a diagnosis. These findings point to a segmentation of the depression app market with massive demand, differing expectations from users by function, discrepancy between developers’ efforts and users’ needs.
Count or Context : Investigating Methods of Text Analysis

Using text as a source of psychological and cognitive information has become a popular subject (Robinson, Navea & Ickes, 2013; Donahue, Liang & Druckman, 2014; Wolfe & Goldman, 2003). To do this, researchers use a variety of methods to analyze text, but Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC) has become one the more common techniques. LIWC is a tokenbased method that contains multiple dictionaries representing various psychological states (positive affect, leisure, religion, social words) and keeps a running tabulation of how many words in a given text occur in each category. Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) is a context-based method that uses statistics to calculate similarity between different texts based off the surrounding words. As a common strategy of analyzing text for psychological states, it is important LIWC be truly representative of the aspects it explores. The dictionaries must accurately represent the categories they measure to be an authentic assessment of the analyzed psychological and cognitive states. This current study seeks to use LSA to improve LIWC. The hypothesis is that a combination method of the two will perform better than the application of a single token-based method. LIWC and two other token-based methods were compared to a combination LSA-token method. The two techniques were applied to a set of headlines that had been previously judged by humans in terms of emotion and positive/negative valence. The first part of the experiment compared the token-based methods to confirm that they were different from each other but still successful measures of the stimuli. The second part of the experiment compared the correlation between the token-based method and the correct response of the pre-tagged data against the correlation of the combination method and the pre-tagged stimuli. The findings did not support the hypothesis, as the combination method performed worse than the token-based methods. These results, however, suggest further investigation into the power of LSA and its reliance on context. Specifically, LSA may be suited for analysis of longer, more semantically complex texts, not short, basic samples, like the headlines used in this study. Running Head: COUNT OR CONTEXT: INVESTINGATING METHODS OF TEXT ANALYSIS
Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on the level of salivary antioxidants in patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis

Background In the course of periodontal diseases, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) produce oxidative agents and free radicals, thus triggering oxidant-antioxidant disequilibrium in the saliva. Due to the reduction of antioxidant protective effect, oxidative stress is induced, destroying periodontal tissues. This study aimed to investigate the consequences of the non-surgical phase of periodontal therapy on the level ofsalivary antioxidantsin patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis. Methods Un-stimulated salivary samples were collected from 43 patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis for 5 minutes. Clinical parameters, including clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BoP) and pocket depth (PD), were recorded in each tooth and subsequently, scaling and root planing (SRP) was carried out. After four weeks, salivary samples were collected once again, and the above-mentioned clinical parameters were recorded. Following centrifugation and freezing at a temperature of -80°C, salivary samples were examined simultaneously in a single day, and the level of their antioxidants was measured with ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) method using a spectrophotometer. Results The concentration of salivary antioxidants significantly increased four weeks following the non-surgical periodontal therapy (P<0.0001). Moreover, the clinical parameters of CAL, BoP and PD showed a significant decrease in 4 weeks as well (P<0.0001). Conclusion The level of salivary antioxidants in patients with generalized moderate to severe chronic periodontitis significantly increased after etiotropic periodontal therapy, indicating the possible beneficial influence of periodontal therapy on the level of salivary antioxidants in patients suffering from periodontitis.
Biochemical response of microalga Synechococcus aeruginosus to hydrogen peroxide stress

Growth and biochemical response of varying biomass of marine microalga Synechococcus aeruginosus exposed to ascending concentrations of H2O2were investigated. The growth response of Synechococcus aeruginosus to H2O2 depended on both H2O2 concentrations and biomass concentrations. The effects of H2O2 on growth responses were apparent in low biomass concentrations and the effects reduced with increase of biomass concentrations. At low concentrations of H2O2, the changes in contents of cphycocyanin, allophycocyanin, c-phycoerythrin, crotenoids, astaxanthin, beta carotene, glutathione, ascorbic acid and polyphenolics, in Synechococcus aeruginosus, were small, while high concentrations of H2O2 led to more changes in these biochemicals. These results suggested that the effect of H2O2 in Synechococcus aeruginosus depended on both H2O2 concentration and biomass.
Institute 2007-09-01 Video Frame Differentiation for Streamed Multimedia over Heavilty Loaded IEEE 802 . 11 e WLAN using TXOP

In this paper we perform an experimental investigation of using video frame differentiation in conjunction with the TXOP facility to enhance the transmission of parallel multimedia streaming sessions in IEEE 802.11e. The delay constraints associated with the audio and video streams that comprise a multimedia session pose the greatest challenge since real-time multimedia is particularly sensitive to delay as the packets require a strict bounded end-to-end delay. Video streaming applications are considered to be bursty. This burstiness is due to the frame rate of video, the intrinsic hierarchical structure of the constituent video frame types, and the different compression ratios for the different video frame types. The TXOP facility is particularly suited to efficiently deal with this burstiness since it can be used to reserve bandwidth for the duration of the packet burst associated with a packetised video frame. Through experimental investigation, we show that there is a significant performance improvement for video streaming applications under heavily loaded conditions by differentiating between the constituent video frame types. The results show that video frame differentiation reduces the mean loss rate by 12% and increases the mean PSNR by 13.1dB.
Uncertain Natural Language Inference

We introduce Uncertain Natural Language Inference (UNLI), a refinement of Natural Language Inference (NLI) that shifts away from categorical labels, targeting instead the direct prediction of subjective probability assessments. We demonstrate the feasibility of collecting annotations for UNLI by relabeling a portion of the SNLI dataset under a probabilistic scale, where items even with the same categorical label differ in how likely people judge them to be true given a premise. We describe a direct scalar regression modeling approach, and find that existing categorically-labeled NLI data can be used in pre-training. Our best models correlate well with humans, demonstrating models are capable of more subtle inferences than the categorical bin assignment employed in current NLI tasks.