Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Delay-robust distributed secondary frequency control for next-generation power systems : stability analysis and controller synthesis

Power systems worldwide are undergoing major transformation to enable a low-carbon future. These developments require new procedures for advanced control to ensure a stable and efficient system operation. Consensus-based distributed secondary frequency control schemes have the potential to ensure real-time frequency restoration and economic dispatch simultaneously in future power systems with significant contribution of renewable energy sources. However, owing to their distributed nature, these control schemes critically depend on communication between different controlled units. Thus, robustness against communication uncertainty is crucial for their reliable operation. In this work, control design and stability analysis of delay-robust secondary frequency control in next-generation power systems are studied. The main contributions of the present thesis can be summarised as follows: (i) A design procedure for a consensus-based secondary frequency controller in microgrids is proposed that ensures robustness with respect to heterogeneous fast-varying communication delays and simultaneously provides the option to trade off the L2-gain performance against the number of required communication links; (ii) The conditions for robust stability of a consensus-based frequency control scheme applied to a power system model with second-order turbine-governor dynamics in the presence of heterogeneous time-varying communication delays and dynamic communication topology are derived; (iii) The performance of the proposed consensus-based secondary frequency controller is analysed in a detailed model capturing the dynamic behaviour of a real system. The results provide insights to the robustness of the closed-loop system with respect to unmodelled (voltage and higher-order generator) dynamics as well as communication delays.
Effect of the Cytokinin Forchlorfenuron on Tannin Content of Thompson Seedless Table Grapes

The cytokinin-like compound forchlorfenuron (CPPU) is commonly applied in many vineyards worldwide to achieve optimal berry size. It was noticed that berries treated by CPPU may be more astringent and it was therefore hypothesized that CPPU-treated berries produce more tannins or delay tannin decomposition during ripening. CPPU was applied to Thompson Seedless grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) after fruit set in three different vineyards and over three seasons. As previously reported, CPPU affected berry size and delayed maturation. Application of CPPU at 6 mm berry diameter (early treatment) had greater influence on increasing berry size, while application at 10 mm berry diameter (late treatment) had greater influence on delaying berry maturation. Berry ripening was also measured by following changes in berry autofluorescence, and it was shown that CPPU caused higher chlorophyll-related autofluorescence throughout the ripening period. The CPPU treatments consistently elevated the level of condensed tannins with up to a four-fold increase as measured by the protein precipitation assay and total phenol content. The level of total tannins in either control or CPPU-treated fruit did not seem to decrease during ripening. These results were in agreement with a sensory assessment in which CPPU-treated berries were more astringent than untreated berries. As reported here for the first time, the fact that CPPU can increase the level of tannins in Thompson Seedless must be taken into account from the perspective of berry taste.
Water confined in Vycor glass. I. A neutron diffraction study

Neutron diffraction experiments with isotopic substitution on water confined in porous Vycor glass at two hydration states are presented and analyzed in terms of the experimentally accessible site-site distribution functions. The bias on these functions as well as their limitations, due to the presence of regions where water molecules are not allowed (excluded volume effects), and to the contribution of water–Vycor interference to the measured cross sections, are discussed. In particular the relative weight of these cross correlation terms is estimated for the first time. It is shown that the traditional analysis of diffraction data of these kinds which ignore cross correlations may be erroneous. A full account of the excluded volume effects is reported in paper II [A. Soper, F. Bruni, and M. A. Ricci, J. Chem. Phys. 109, 1486 (1998), following paper].
Frontiers in Dentistry

Article type: Original Article Objectives: This study aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of mouthwashes prepared from neem and mango extracts against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in vitro. Their taste acceptability and effects on plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and salivary pH were also evaluated and compared with chlorhexidine (CHX) in children. Materials and Methods: Dry extracts of neem and mango twigs were prepared and their MIC against S. mutans was determined. The effective MIC was used to prepare mouthwashes from the two extracts. Three parallel groups of children (n=30) used either neem, mango or 0.2% CHX mouthwash for 21 days. The PI and GI were recorded at baseline and at 7 and 21 days. The salivary pH and taste acceptability were also assessed. Results: The MIC of both extracts was achieved at 25% concentration. There was a significant difference between the GI score of mango group compared with neem and CHX at the three time points (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the neem and mango groups in PI (P=0.674). There was no significant difference among the three groups in salivary pH either (P=0.817). Intragroup comparison showed significant reductions in PI, GI and salivary pH in all the three groups after 21 days (P<0.001). Conclusion: Neem and mango mouthwashes can be used as effective alternatives to CHX in children.
Comparison between predissociation mechanisms in two isoelectronic molecules: CO and N2

A correspondence between the observed electronic states of N2 and CO is presented, in order to compare the perturbations and predissociations of these two isoelectronic molecules. The homogeneous perturbations between the 1Σ+ (or ) and the 1Π (or 1Π u ) states are reviewed, and comparisons are made between the indirect predissociations of the 1Π states due to the 3Π states in both N2 and CO.
Use of various processes for pilot plant treatment of wastewater from a wood‐processing factory

The wastewater from a wood-processing factory is characterized by a high COD, chlorides and nitrogen content. Various treatment processes were applied to treat this wastewater in pilot-scale units. By applying one-stage denitrification-activated sludge biological treatment it was not possible to remove nitrogen. Nitrification was inhibited by wastewater compounds. By applying a second stage of a nitrification biofilter it was possible to have a high degree of nitrification. The denitrification was complete. With biological methods the reduction of COD, and NO 3 - -N and NH 4 + -N concentrations to acceptable values was not achievable. Physical-chemical methods as H 2 O 2 /UV, electrolysis and ozonation were used as post-treatment of effluents from the biological system. Radical degradation, initiated by the powerful hydroxyl radicals which are generated from H 2 O 2 by UV activation, is used for wastewater post-treatment. The combination of H 2 O 2 /UV was not suitable for post-treatment of this wastewater. With electrolysis, NH 4 + -N and COD removal can be complete. The total amount of ammonia and organic nitrogen converted to nitrate nitrogen for current density of 1.15 Adm -2 and energy consumption of 71.6kWhm -3 was 0.35 gdm -3 . Further biological denitrification is required for NO 3 - -N removal to permitted values. Energy consumption for the elimination of 1 kg COD was 40.4kWh and 35.8kWh for current densities of 0.7 Adm -2 and 1.15 Adm -2 respectively. The energy required to reach the limit value of COD equal to 150 mgdm -3 for current density of 1.15 Adm -2 was 71.6 kWhm -3 . With ozonation, the COD removal can be complete. Further biological nitrificadondenitrification is required to remove NH 4 + -N and NO 3 - -N to permitted values. At pH 7.0, in order to reach the limit value of COD equal to 150 mgdm -3 , specific ozone dose was 6.0 g per g of COD removed and the total amount of ammonia and organic nitrogen converted to nitrate nitrogen was 0.25 gdm -3 . The total equivalent energy required is estimated to be 75.0kWhm -3 .
Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapour Deposition of thin Films of Nb2O5 on Glass

A novel route involving atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition (APCVD) is reported for coating Nb2O5 onto glass substrates via the reaction of NbCl5 and ethyl acetate at 400-660degreesC. Raman spectroscopy is shown to be a simple diagnostic tool for the analysis of these thin films. The contact angle of water on Nb2O5-coated glass drops on UV irradiation from 60degrees to 5-20degrees. XPS Analysis showed that the Nb:O ratio of the film was 1:2.5. Glancing angle X-ray diffraction showed that all films were crystalline, with only a single phase being observed; this has some preferred orientation in the (201) plane of Nb2O5. The niobium(V) oxide materials show minimal photocatalytic ability to degrade organic material.
Investigation of glutamate receptors in human pancreatic β-cells and their role in insulin secretion

Background and Aims: β-cells share many similarities and features with neuronal cells, including the expression of proteins specialised for synaptic transmission. Glutamate receptors (GluRs) are key players in cellular communication throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and are activated by the major excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. GluRs are also thought to be present in pancreatic β-cells, where they modulate insulin secretion, however there are many conflicting reports over the presence and function of GluRs particularly in human β-cells. Furthermore, autoantibodies to various GluRs have been associated with diseases of the CNS such as autoimmune encephalitis and epilepsy. It is unclear whether these receptors are also targets on β-cells in patients with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). The aims of this project were (i) to identify GluRs, specifically Kainate receptor (KAR) subunits, expressed in the human β-cell line, EndoC- βh1; (ii) to elucidate their role in insulin secretion and (iii) to identify if GluR subunits on the β-cell surface are targeted by the immune system in T1D. Materials and Methods: GluR expression was investigated in EndoC-βh1 human β-cells, both at the mRNA and protein levels using RT-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. To measure the cell surface targeting of KARs in response to glucose stimulation, biotinylation experiments were carried out using EndoC- βh1 cells. Autoantibodies to KAR subunits were detected in sera from T1D patients (n=40) and aged-matched controls (n=40) using immunocytochemistry. The effect of KAR activation on insulin secretion was measured in the presence of kainate and various GluR agonists/antagonists using the Mercodia human insulin ELISA kit. To investigate if the KAR subunit GluK2 is specifically involved in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) a GluK2 knockdown using GluK2 shRNA lentivirus was attempted. Results and Conclusions: KAR subunits Gluk2 and Gluk5 and the supporting auxiliary subunits Neto1 and Neto2 are expressed in EndoC-βh1 cells. The presence of GluK2 protein in EndoC-βH1 cells was confirmed using immunoblots, suggesting that functional kainate receptors can be formed. However, neither GluK2, GluK5, GluN1 nor GluN1 plus GluN2B are antigenic targets in T1D patients. The subcellular localisation of KAR was observed to be dynamically regulated as glucose stimulation significantly increased the cell surface targeting of GluK2. Lentiviral knock-down of GluK2 was unsuccessful in both INS-1 and EndoC-βH1 cells and it was therefore not possible to assess of GluK2 was specifically involved in GSIS. However, high glucose and kainate significantly increased insulin secretion compared to high glucose alone. Furthermore, high glucose and kainate induced insulin secretion from EndoC-βH1 cells was significantly reduced by the kainate receptor antagonist, NBQX, suggesting a functional role for KARs in insulin secretion and that KAR activation augments insulin secretion in human β-cells.
Investigation of seroprevalence of maedi-visna disease in sheep flocks in Afyonkarahisar province

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to determine the presence of Maedi-Visna Vi - rus (MVV) infection in sheep in Afyonkarahisar province serologically and to analyze the risk factors associated with MVV infection in the region. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 248 serum samples were randomly collected from 22 sheep flocks considering the epidemiological sample size from the region between May 2016 and April 2018. Collected samples were tested with the ELISA kit for MVV specific antibodies. Potential MVV risk fac - tors were evaluated statistically by univariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The seropositivity in the ensampled animals was found to be 5.65% (14/248), and it was 13.63% on the basis of flock (3/22). Seropositivity was determined to be 3.94% and 13.33% in males and females, respectively. On the basis of animals, there was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of goat in the flock and gender and seropositivity of the disease infection (p <0.05).
Estimating Diffusion Coefficients in Low-Permeability Porous Media Using a Macropore Column

Diffusion coefficients in an aquitard material were measured by conducting miscible solute transport experiments through a specially constructed macropore column. Stainless steel HPLC columns were prepared in a manner that created an annular region of repacked aquitard material and a central core of medium-grained quartz sand. The column transport approach minimizes volatilization and sorption losses that can be problematic when measuring hydrophobic organic chemical diffusion with diffusion-cell methods or column-sectioning techniques. In the transport experiments, solutes (tritiated water, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and tetrachloroethene) were transported through the central core by convection and hydrodynamic dispersion and through the low-permeability annulus by radial diffusion. All transport parameters were independently measured except for the effective diffusion coefficient in the aquitard material, which was obtained by model fitting. Batch-determined retardation factors agreed very closely with mom.
Facile preparation and structure-property correlation of low molecular mass organic gelators derived from simple organic salts

Secondary ammonium salts namely dicyclohexylammonium 4-nitrocinnamate 1, 3-nitrocinnamate 2, 2-nitrocinnamate 3 and the corresponding benzoate salts namely dicyclohexylammonium 4-nitrobenzoate 4, 3-nitrobenzoate 5 and 2-nitrobenzoate 6 have been prepared and scanned for gelation. Salts 1 and 2 display excellent gelation properties. Structure–property correlations of these salts based on various X-ray diffraction data have been attempted and compared with the earlier results reported by our group. Single crystal structures of the gelator dicyclohexylammonium 3-bromocinnamate 7 reported earlier by us, and 4- and 2-methylbenzoate 8 and 10, both nongelators, have also been reported in the context of drawing important conclusions on structure–property correlations of dicyclohexylammonium cinnamate based gelators.
Hydrodynamical simulations and synthetic observations of merging galaxies

Interactions and mergers between galaxies are among the most spectacular astrophysical phenomena that drive morphological transformations of galaxies as they evolve throughout cosmic times. Specifically, galactic encounters induce star formation due to the compression of the interstellar medium through tidal torques, ram pressure and shocks. The in-situ star formation process is in turn self-regulated by various stellar feedback processes, such as ultraviolet radiation from young massive stars and energetic supernova explosions. The thermodynamical processes in the interstellar gas with temperatures ranging from a few degrees to millions of Kelvins, coupled with the stellar lifecycle, are therefore the subjects of a wide range of ongoing observational and numerical studies. Significant technological advances in recent decades have resulted in a general framework for the formation and evolution of galaxies, but the complete astrophysical picture still remains incomplete. Here we study the evolution of galaxies undergoing mergers by running highresolution hydrodynamical simulations. We use state-of-the-art numerical methods, post-processing methods, and observational data analysis tools. The simulations presented here span a wide range of initial conditions from gas-rich dwarf galaxies, through Milky Way-like disk galaxies, to massive early-type galaxies which include central supermassive black holes. The employed simulation methods include some of the most sophisticated astrophysical models available for galactic-scale simulations. The cooling of the star-forming gas is modelled in detail using a chemical network, and the newly formed stars sample a mass resolution down to the masses of individual massive stars. We also follow the spatially and the temporally evolving interstellar radiation field emanating from the individually modelled stars into the surrounding interstellar medium, while simultaneously accounting for dust attenuation and gas self-shielding. In this thesis we investigate how the extreme star formation environment produced by a gas-rich, low-metallicity dwarf galaxy merger can be used as a proxy
On the Origin of Foam Stability: Understanding from Viscoelasticity of Foaming Solutions and Liquid Films

The foam stability (drainage half-life) of α-olefin sulfonate (AOS) with partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) or xanthan gum (XG) solution was evaluated by the Warring Blender method. With the increase of polymer (HPAM or XG) concentration, foam stability of the surfactant–polymer complexes increased, and the drainage half-life of AOS-XG foam was higher than that of AOS-HPAM foam at the same polymer and surfactant concentration. With the addition of polymer (HPAM or XG), the viscoelasticity of bulk solution and the liquid film were enhanced. The viscoelasticity of AOS-XG bulk solution and liquid film were both higher than that of AOS-HPAM counterparts.
Data on Internal Rarefied Gas Flows

The present review, containing 178 references, is dedicated to one of the largest and most important branches of the rarefied gas dynamics, namely internal flows. A critical analysis of the corresponding numerical data and analytical results available in the literature was made. The most reliable data were selected and tabulated. The review will be useful as a reference for mathematicians, physicists and aerodynamicists interested in rarefied gas flows. In this paper the complete ranges of the main parameters, determining rarefied gas flows through a capillary, are covered. The capillary length varies from zero, when the capillary degenerates into a thin orifice, to infinity when the end effects can be neglected. The Knudsen number, characterizing the gas rarefaction, varies from zero when the gas is considered as a continuous medium to infinity when the intermolecular collisions can be discounted. The pressure and temperature drops on the capillary ends vary from the small values when the linear theory i.
A Critical Assessment of Sampling Biases in Geometric Morphometric Analysis: The Case of Homo erectus

This study primarily explores the potential of GMA in capturing and recognizing specific morphological features of specimens commonly allocated to H. erectus. For these purposes, four surface semilandmark datasets were collected for analyzing the gross morphology of the entire crania, posterior crania, temporal bones, and frontal bones. Results show that though dense surface semilandmarks can potentially capture many morphological features that cannot be included by using discrete landmarks, some shape differences visualized by PCA, include those in lateral cranial profiles, the trajectories of the squamosal sutures and the inclinations of the nuchal planes, do not match observed morphology. Procrustes superimposition is identified as an important, yet usually ignored, factor that may contribute to some incompatibilities between visualized shape differences and observed morphology. This is because Procrustes superimposition rotates configurations to different orientations to minimize their overall differences, while observed morphology is based on aligning specimens in the Frankfurt plane. This study also assesses three sampling issues associated with statistical analyses commonly used for testing whether H. erectus is too variable to be a single species based on landmark data. The first two are whether densities of semilandmarks and focusing on different cranial regions can yield inconsistent results of the same statistical analyses. The third is whether including a large sample of H. sapiens may affect results of PCAs. Results suggest that semilandmarks used in this study are oversampled, because using a much smaller number of semilandmarks can yield nearly identical results. The reason is that GMA places more weight on gross shape differences than details. Furthermore, the analyses of the temporal and frontal bones show results incompatible with those of the entire and posterior crania, likely because the former analyses focus on shapes of individual bones, while the latter analyses focus on gross cranial shapes. In addition, including a large sample of H. sapiens with fossils cause higher-ranked PCs to emphasize variations within H. sapiens. In this case, it is also important to examine lower PCs to understand shape differences between fossils.
Absolute atomic chlorine densities in a Cl2 inductively coupled plasma determined by two-photon laser-induced fluorescence with a new calibration method

Absolute densities of chlorine atoms were determined in an inductively coupled plasma in pure chlorine gas as a function of gas pressure and RF power by two-photon laser-induced fluorescence. A new technique is proposed to put the relative two-photon laser-induced fluorescence (TALIF) measurements on an absolute scale, based on photolysis of Cl2 gas (without plasma) with a tripled Nd : YAG laser at 355 nm. Because the dissociation cross-section and photo-dissociation laser beam energy density are well known, the absolute densities can be determined with high accuracy. We find that the ratio of the Cl atom density normalized to the Cl2 gas density without plasma at the reactor centre increases with RF power and decreases with gas pressure, reaching 20% at 2 mTorr 500 WRF.
Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)

C21H2404, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 8.260 (4), b = l l . 6 5 9 ( 4 ) , c = 2 0 . 2 2 8 ( 6 ) A , f l = 1 0 5 . 6 ( 1 ) ° , Z = 4, d c = 1.205 (1) Mg m -3. The structure was solved by the symbolic addition procedure and refined, using 2453 reflections, to an R w of 0.055. The epoxide ring on one end of the molecule is disordered. Introduction. DGEBA is the monomer of one of the most commonly used epoxy resins. It can be cured with piperidine. One curing mechanism, as determined by NMR is . P'---k I #'-'-~ , / ' , o R ,~--~. --o ~ " " ~ c ~ ' ' ~ o c , , o/_k" --x=/ t x___/~ . / _ _ \ ÷ " . o CH3 O