Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electric Vehicles and the Customers: Report WP 1.3 draft

This analyses shows that it from a practical point of view should be prioritised to install a 3 pole charger in the cars and not to base charging on a one pole DC charging facility. We will come back to the economic question in a later paragraph. dependent on whether the user will charge before a long distance travel or not. This shows that firms which have many
Short-cut method of solution of geodesic equations for Schwarzchild black hole

It is shown how the use of the Kerr - Schild coordinate system can greatly simplify the formulation of the geodesic equation of the Schwarzschild solution. An application of this formulation to the numerical computation of the aspect of a non-rotating black hole is presented. The generalization to the case of the Kerr solution is also presented. 0470B, 9760L
Nonchain electric-discharge HF (DF) laser with a high radiation energy

It is shown that a self-sustained volume discharge is possible in mixtures of SF6 with hydrocarbons (or deuterated hydrocarbons) without special devices for the preionisation of the gas. This can be achieved with an extremely compact electrode system. Wide-aperture nonchain HF (DF) lasers with a high output radiation energy can be constructed on the basis of the discharge. It is reported that output energies of 144 J for HF and 115 J for DF were achieved in a system with a 21-litre active medium and an aperture of ∼15 cm. The electric efficiencies were 2.8% and 2.2%, respectively.
Virtual Generation of Lidar Data for Autonomous Vehicles

The area of autonomous vehicles is a growing field of research which has gained popularity in the later years. Companies such as Tesla and Volvo continuously work on creating vehicles that can autonomously navigate traffic with the use of different sensors and algorithms. However, given the cost and risks of testing these in real world scenarios there may be a need for simulation tools in which the algorithms can be tested during development without the need for a real autonomous car. Thus opening the area of research for independent researchers and other actors with limited financial means. This thesis presents the creation of such simulation tools. It is shown that sufficiently realistic simulation tools can be created using the game engine Unity along with free assets from the unity asset store. The simulation can be run on an off-the-shelf computer with good results. However, some aspects that can influence the resolution of the sensor in real life scenarios, such as weather conditions are not implemented.
Detection of liquid bridge contours and its applications

The liquid bridge can be used either as an accelerometer for steady accelerations or as a tensiometer. This can be done by fitting the theoretical predictions to the observed contours. The procedure involves two calculations. First, the contour has to be recognized in a liquid bridge image. The result is either a curve or a set of points which represent the contour. Second, the values of the parameters characterizing the contour have to be inferred by fitting the theoretical predictions. In this contribution, a method to perform this double calculation is presented. The method is used to measure both the volume of the liquid bridge and the Bond number in several experiments. The results are compared with those obtained from a procedure established previously. Finally, the relative advantages of the two methods are discussed.
Local void vs dark energy: confrontation with WMAP and type Ia supernovae

It is now a known fact that if we happen to be living in the middle of a large underdense region, then we will observe an ``apparent acceleration'', even when any form of dark energy is absent. In this paper, we present a ``Minimal Void'' scenario, i.e. a ``void'' with minimal underdensity contrast (of about -0.4) and radius (∼ 200−250 Mpc/h) that can, not only explain the supernovae data, but also be consistent with the 3-yr WMAP data. We also discuss consistency of our model with various other measurements, and in particular consistency with local measurements of the Hubble parameter. We also point out possible observable signatures.
Magnetostrictive delay lines: engineering theory and sensing applications

A review of the engineering theory and the sensing element applications of the magnetostrictive delay line (MDL) technique is presented. The state of the art of magnetic materials and effects used in sensor design is overviewed and the operation of MDLs and their basic engineering properties are discussed. The resulting position, stress and field sensors based on this technique as well as their most significant applications are demonstrated. Finally, the industrialization process and the integration of the sensors with electronic circuitry as well as their evaluation with respect to the state of the art are discussed.
ARSENIC CONTAMINATION IN GROUNDWATER: A STATISTICAL MODELING

High arsenic in natural groundwater in most of the tubewells of the Purbasthali- Block II area of Burdwan district (W.B, India) has recently been focused as a serious environmental concern. This paper is intending to illustrate the statistical modeling of the arsenic contaminated groundwater to identify the interrelation of that arsenic contain with other participating groundwater parameters so that the arsenic contamination level can easily be predicted by analyzing only such parameters. Multivariate data analysis was done with the collected groundwater samples from the 132 tubewells of this contaminated region shows that three variable parameters are significantly related with the arsenic. Based on these relationships, a multiple linear regression model has been developed that estimated the arsenic contamination by measuring such three predictor parameters of the groundwater variables in the contaminated aquifer. This model could also be a suggestive tool while designing the arsenic removal scheme for any affected groundwater.
Plasmonic Waveguide Analysis

This paper compares numerical and analytic solutions for a typical plasmonic waveguide consisting of a thin film sandwiched between a cladding cover and a substrate. Two configurations are analyzed using the Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency Domain interface (emw) of the RF Module of COMSOL Multiphysics: dielectric-metal dielectric (DMD) and metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) layers. The analytic solution developed by Orfanidis [1] provides a comparison with the numerical results.
AC losses in high-temperature superconducting tapes exposed to perpendicular magnetic fields combined with transport currents

AC losses are of great importance when designing devices for electric power applications based on high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes. In order to obtain an optimized design one needs to be able to calculate the AC losses that appear in an actual application. One important quantity is the AC losses that appear at the ends of a coil where the magnetic field contains a component perpendicular to the face of the tape. In this study we calculate the AC losses due to the combined action of a perpendicular magnetic field and a transport current. The results are compared to calorimetrically measured data of the AC losses in a BSCCO/Ag HTS tape.
Measuring the cosmological bulk flow using the peculiar velocities of supernovae

We study large-scale coherent motion in our universe using the existing Type IA supernovae data. If the recently observed bulk flow is real, then some imprint must be left on supernovae motion. We perform a Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain analysis in various redshift bins and find a sharp contrast between the z < 0.05 and z > 0.05 data. The z < 0.05 data are consistent with the bulk flow in the direction (l,b) = (290+39−31°,20+32−32°) with a magnitude of vbulk = 188+119−103km/s at 68% confidence. The significance of detection (compared to the null hypothesis) is 95%. In contrast, z > 0.05 data (which contains 425 of the 557 supernovae in the Union2 data set) show no evidence for the bulk flow. While the direction of the bulk flow agrees very well with previous studies, the magnitude is significantly smaller. For example, the Kashlinsky, et al.'s original bulk flow result of vbulk > 600km/s is inconsistent with our analysis at greater than 99.7% confidence level. Furthermore, our best-fit bulk flow velocity is consistent with the expectation for the ΛCDM model, which lies inside the 68% confidence limit.
Characterization of a hyperthermophilic sulphur-oxidizing biofilm produced by archaea isolated from a hot spring

Normal 0 21 false false false ES-TRAD X-NONE X-NONE Background: Sulphur-oxidizing microorganisms are widely used in the biofiltration of total reduced sulphur compounds (odorous and neurotoxic) produced by industries which include high temperature process steps, such as the cellulose and petrochemical industries. Some hyperthermophilic microorganisms have the capability to oxidize these compounds at high temperatures (>60oC), and archaea of this group, e.g. Sulfolobus metallicus , are commonly used in biofiltration technology. Results: In this study, a hyperthermophilic sulphur-oxidizing strain of archaea was isolated from a hot spring (Chillan, Chile) and it was called M1. It was identified archaea of the genus Sulfolobus (99% homology with Sulfolobus solfataricus 16S rDNA). Biofilms of this culture grown on polyethylene rings showed an elemental sulphur oxidation rate of 95.15 ± 15.39 mg S l -1 d -1 , higher than the rate exhibited by the biofilm of the sulphur-oxidizing archaea Sulfolobus metallicus (56.8 ± 10.91 mg l -1 d -1 ) Conclusions: The results suggest that the culture M1 is useful for biofiltration of total reduced sulphur gases at high temperatures, as well as other biotechnological applications. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language:ES-TRAD; mso-fareast-language:ES-TRAD;}
Two-sided estimates of fundamental solutions of second-order parabolic equations, and some applications

CONTENTS Introduction Chapter I. (Subsidiary). Fundamental solutions of second-order parabolic equations § 1. Fundamental solutions § 2. The Cauchy problem Chapter II. Harnack's inequality § 1. Proof of Harnack's inequality § 2. Consequences of Harnack's inequality Chapter III. Two-sided estimates of classical fundamental solutions § 1. Preliminary estimates § 2. An upper estimate of the fundamental solution § 3. A lower estimate of the fundamental solution Appendix Chapter IV. Estimates of the derivatives of classical fundamental solutions of stationary equations § 1. Estimates of the time derivatives of fundamental solutions § 2. Integral estimates of special differential expressions of fundamental solutions Chapter V. Weak fundamental solutions of parabolic and elliptic equations with measurable coefficients § 1. Definitions. Energy inequalities § 2. Weak fundamental solutions of the Cauchy problem § 3. Weak fundamental solutions of stationary parabolic and elliptic equations Chapter VI. Generalizations. Applications § 1. Generalization to the case of equations containing lower-order derivatives § 2. The asymptotic proximity of solutions of the Cauchy problem. A stabilization theorem Comments References
Method and apparatus for converting direct current to alternating current

A method for converting direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) and the apparatus is provided. The method includes performing system analysis on the DC current, DC voltage, or at least one of the AC voltage; Utilizing the system analysis for selecting at least one conversion parameter; And using at least one of the transformation parameters includes a step of converting the DC into AC.
Transdimensional tunneling in the multiverse

Topology-changing transitions between vacua of different effective dimensionality are studied in the context of a 6-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory. The landscape of this theory includes a 6d de Sitter vacuum (dS6), a number of dS4 × S2 and AdS4 × S2 vacua, and a number of AdS2 × S4 vacua. We find that compactification transitions dS6 → AdS2 × S4 occur through the nucleation of electrically charged black hole pairs, and transitions from dS6 to dS4 × S2 and AdS4 × S2 occur through the nucleation of magnetically charged spherical black branes. We identify the appropriate instantons and describe the spacetime structure resulting from brane nucleation.
Lattice Boltzmann Simulation for the Forming Process of Artificial Frozen Soil Wall

A lattice Boltzmann model is proposed to simulate the forming process of artificial frozen soil wall. The enthalpy method is applied to deal with the latent-heat source term, and the adjustable thermal diffusivity is utilized to handle the change of thermophysical parameters. The model is tested by the heat conduction with solid–liquid phase change in semi-infinite space, which shows a good consistence between the numerical and analytical solutions, and the mesh resolution has little effect on the numerical results. Lastly, the development of frozen soil wall is discussed when the freezing pipes are arranged in a square. The results show that the evolution of temperature field with time is closely related to the distance from the freezing pipe. For the soil near freezing pipe, the temperature gradient is larger, the soil temperature drops rapidly and freezes in a short time. The time history curve of temperature is relatively smooth. For the soil far away from freezing pipe, the temperature evolution curve has obvious multistage, which can be divided into four stages: cooling, phase change, partly frozen and completely frozen. The spacing of freezing pipes has a significant influence on the overlapping time of artificial frozen soil wall, and there is a power function relationship between them.
Neutrino decays over cosmological distances and the implications for neutrino telescopes

We discuss decays of ultra-relativistic neutrinos over cosmological distances by solving the decay equation in terms of its redshift dependence. We demonstrate that there are significant conceptual differences compared to more simplified treatments of neutrino decay. For instance, the maximum distance the neutrinos have traveled is limited by the Hubble length, which means that the common belief that longer neutrino lifetimes can be probed by longer distances does not apply. As a consequence, the neutrino lifetime limit from supernova 1987A cannot be exceeded by high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. We discuss the implications for neutrino spectra and flavor ratios from gamma-ray bursts as one example of extragalactic sources, using up-to-date neutrino flux predictions. If the observation of SN 1987A implies that ν1 is stable and the other mass eigenstates decay with rates much smaller than their current bounds, the muon track rate can be substantially suppressed compared to the cascade rate in the region IceCube is most sensitive to. In this scenario, no gamma-ray burst neutrinos may be found using muon tracks even with the full scale experiment, whereas reliable information on high-energy astrophysical sources can only be obtained from cascade measurements. As another consequence, the recently observed two cascade event candidates at PeV energies will not be accompanied by corresponding muon tracks.
A Neural Network for the Retrieval of Superimposed Connection Patterns

The principle of associative memory is extended to a system with dynamical links capable of retrieval of superimposed connection patterns. The system consists of formalized neurons. Its dynamics is described by two separate Hamiltonians, one for spins and one for links. The spin part is treated in analogy to the Ising system on a 2D grid. Several such network patterns, related by permutations of neurons, are superimposed. Energy minima correspond to the activation of one connection pattern and the deactivation of all others. One important application of this system is invariant pattern recognition.
Recent developments in surface roughness characterization

The author presents an overview of evaluation techniques that are appropriate for characterizing the surface roughness of optical thin films and surfaces. These include microscopes ranging from low power optical microscopes to scanning probe microscopes that can measure the topography of individual atoms or groups of atoms, optical non-contact and mechanical contact profilers, some of which can give topographic maps of surface areas, and total integrated scattering and angle-resolved scattering that yield statistical properties of surfaces. Theories are needed to relate scattering to surface roughness; these are valid only for certain types of roughness. Examples are given showing how various surface evaluation techniques can be used for characterizing selected surfaces.
A stochastic model for continuum elasto-plastic behavior. II. A study of the glass transition and structural relaxation

The numerical approach, proposed by us in an associated paper, is further developed here to account for the processes of ordering and disordering in a 2D idealized elasto-plastic body. Study of the kinetic and structural aspects of such processes reveals various features characteristic of the glass transition and structural relaxations in real glasses. Results of numerical simulations and the relative glass-forming ability of liquids are discussed in terms of geometric and energetic parameters of local inelastic processes. Methods of obtaining and analyzing undercooled structures with controlled degrees of frozen-in disorder are developed.
Dynamical dark energy simulations: high accuracy power spectra at high redshift

Accurate predictions on non-linear power spectra, at various redshift z, will be a basic tool to interpret cosmological data from next generation mass probes, so obtaining key information on Dark Energy nature. This calls for high precision simulations, covering the whole functional space of w(z) state equations and taking also into account the admitted ranges of other cosmological parameters; surely a difficult task. A procedure was however suggested, able to match the spectra at z = 0, up to k ∼ 3 hMpc−1, in cosmologies with an (almost) arbitrary w(z), by making recourse to the results of N-body simulations with w = const. In this paper we extend such procedure to high redshift and test our approach through a series of N-body gravitational simulations of various models, including a model closely fitting WMAP5 and complementary data. Our approach detects w = const. models, whose spectra meet the requirement within 1% at z = 0 and perform even better at higher redshift, where they are close to a permil precision. Available Halofit expressions, extended to (constant) w≠−1 are unfortunately unsuitable to fit the spectra of the physical models considered here. Their extension to cover the desired range should be however feasible, and this will enable us to match spectra from any DE state equation.
Yields Components and 48-H Rumen Dry Matter Degradation of Three Sweet Potato Varieties in N’dama Steers as Influenced by Date of Harvesting

Two experiments were conducted to study the influence of harvesting date on three sweet potato varieties (TIS-87/0087, TIS-8164 and TIS-2532.OP.1.13). Fodder yields and leaf-to-stem ratio decreased (P < 0.05), while harvest index and 48-h rumen DM degradation increased with maturity from 12 to 20 weeks after planting (WAP). Mean root yields and leaf-to-stem ratio were higher (P < 0.05) in variety TIS-8164, while TIS-87/0087 recorded lower root yield and TIS-2532.OP. 1.13 gave lower leaf-to-stem ratio.
Thermal Cavitons

The formation of small scale striations observed in ionospheric heating experiments is explained in terms of electrostatic waves propagating across the magnetic field, generated by linear conversion on the local density gradient and trapped in the density depletions. Enhancement of the process is due to ohmic overheating of the depletions, resulting in decreased density there. The process is centered at the upper hybrid level. Further growth is predicted when the initial density depressions exceed a threshold which is calculated. Such a nonlinear threshold is shown to be associated with a certain hysteresis phenomenon which has been observed in experiments.
Application of low-frequency eddy current testing to the inspection of a double-walled tank in a reprocessing plant

Abstract This paper discusses the applicability of simple low-frequency eddy current testing to the detection of deeply embedded flaws. The study specifically considered a double tank in a reprocessing plant for extracting plutonium-uranium from spent nuclear fuels. The tank was modelled by two type 304 austenitic stainless steel plates situated with an air gap of 80 mm, and the change in the thickness of one of the plates was detected through the other plate and the air gap. Axisymmetric two-dimensional finite element simulations were conducted and found that a simple circular coil with a large diameter enabled to detect the thickness based on the magnetic flux density at the centre of the coil although the plates were as thick as 30 mm. The results of the numerical simulations were validated by experiments.
Conduction band offset engineering in wide-bandgap Ag(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells by hybrid buffer layer

Ag(In,Ga)Se2 (AIGS) is one of the promising candidates for the top cell absorber in the tandem structure. However, the conversion efficiency of AIGS solar cells is still lower than that required for the top cell. In this study, to improve the conversion efficiency of AIGS solar cells, we controlled the conduction band offset (CBO) at the buffer layer/ZnO and buffer layer/AIGS interfaces. The reduction in interface recombination at the CdS buffer layer/AIGS interface was achieved by introducing a ZnS(O,OH) buffer layer instead of a CdS buffer layer, although the fill factor (FF) decreased markedly because the CBO at the ZnS(O,OH)/ZnO interface prevented the electron flow under a forward bias. We found that the introduction of a CdS/ZnS(O,OH) hybrid buffer layer is efficient in controlling the CBO at both the buffer layer/AIGS and buffer layer/ZnO interfaces and improving the solar cell conversion efficiency.
Three-dimensional cellular-level imaging using full-field optical coherence tomography

An ultrahigh-resolution full-field optical coherence tomography (OCT) system has been developed for cellular-level imaging of biological media. The system is based on a Linnik interference microscope illuminated with a tungsten halogen lamp, associated with a high-resolution CCD camera. En face tomographic images are produced in real time, with the best spatial resolution ever achieved in OCT (0.7 µm × 0.9 µm, axial × transverse). A shot-noise limited detection sensitivity of 80 dB can be reached with an acquisition time per image of 1 s. Images of animal ophthalmic biopsies and vegetal tissues are shown.
Osaka University "Senchans 2003"

Osaka University Senchans 2003 is a team of the humaniod league of RoboCup 2003. Our team consists of three robots, which are developed based on HOAP-1 commercial platform (1). All of our robots are autonomous by remote brain system. Hardware and control architec- tures of our robots are described as follow.