Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Investigation of Non-halogenated Imidazolium and Phosphonium-based Surface-Active Ionic Liquids as Electrolyte for Supercapacitors

<p>We report a comparative analysis of non-halogenated surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs), which consists of the surface-active anion, 2-ethylhexyl sulfate, and the phosphonium, and imidazolium cations <i>i.e.,</i> tetrabutylphosphonium ([P<sub>4444</sub>]<sup>+</sup>), trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium ([P<sub>66614</sub>]<sup>+</sup>), and 1-methyl-3-hexylimidazolium ([C<sub>6</sub>C<sub>1</sub>IM]<sup>+</sup>). We explored the thermal and electrochemical properties, <i>i.e.</i>, degradation, melting and crystallization temperatures, and ionic conductivity of this new class of IL. These SAILs were tested as an electrolyte in a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-based supercapacitor at various temperatures from 253 to 373 K. The electrochemical performance of different SAILs by varying the cationic core as a function of temperature were compared, in the same MWCNT-based supercapacitor. We found that the supercapacitor cell with [C<sub>6</sub>C<sub>1</sub>IM][EHS] shown high specific capacitance (<i>C<sub>elec</sub></i> in F g<sup>-1</sup>), a high energy density (<i>E</i> in Wh kg<sup>-1</sup>), and a high power density (<i>P</i> in kW kg<sup>-1</sup>) when compared to those for the other SAILs <i>i.e.</i> [P<sub>4444</sub>][EHS], [P<sub>66614</sub>][EHS], and [N<sub>8888</sub>][EHS] at all temperatures. The supercapacitor with an MWCNT-based electrode and [C<sub>6</sub>C<sub>1</sub>IM][EHS], [P<sub>4444</sub>][EHS], and [P<sub>66614</sub>][EHS] as an electrolyte showed a specific capacitance of 148, 90, and 47 F g<sup>-1</sup> (at the scan rate of 2 mV s<sup>-1</sup>) with an energy density of 82, 50, and 26 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> (at 2 mV s<sup>-1</sup>) respectively, at 298 K. The temperature effect can be seen by the three to four-fold increase in the specific capacitance of the cell and the energy density values, <i>i.e.</i>, 290, 198, and 114 F g<sup>-1</sup> (at 2 mV s<sup>-1</sup>) and 161, 110, and 63 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> (at 2 mV s<sup>-1</sup>), respectively, at 373 K. This study reveals that these new SAILs specifically [C<sub>6</sub>C<sub>1</sub>IM][EHS] and [P<sub>4444</sub>][EHS] can potentially be used as electrolytes in the wide range of temperature. The solution resistance (<i>R<sub>s</sub></i>), charge transfer resistance (<i>R<sub>ct</sub></i>), and equivalent series resistance (ESR) also decreased with an increase in temperature for all SAILs as electrolytes. These new SAILs can explicitly be used for high-temperature (wide range of temperature) electrochemical applications, such as efficient supercapacitors for high energy storage due to enhanced specific capacitance, energy, and power density at elevated temperatures. </p>
A fairness‐aware distributed dual‐hop heterogeneous half and full‐duplex link scheduling for 6G network

Current network technologies evolve toward the sixth generation of mobile communications (6G) systems. To achieve the performance requirements of high data rate, low latency, and massive connection, full‐duplex (FD) wireless communication is one possible solution to provide high throughput and channel utilization. However, it is difficult to do so for legacy communication nodes. A distributed fairness‐aware full‐duplex dual‐hop link scheduling algorithm, named weighted full duplex (W‐FD), is proposed to achieve the efficient node selection and dynamic relay probing. The scheduling weight that considered traffic load, mutual interference, and response interval is employed to ensure link load balance. A node with a higher scheduling weight in the neighborhood is selected as the link establishment object to build a full‐duplex link. Better than conventional half‐duplex(HD) link scheduling, W‐FD reduces link scheduling interval and ensures the access opportunities for legacy nodes. Simulation result shows that throughput and delay performance are improved. Compared with the existed full‐duplex link scheduling, W‐FD could better reflect the fairness of scheduling in multi‐nodes and asymmetric‐packets networks, and ensure the throughput and delay performance.
Comparison of Biases in Warm-Season WRF Forecasts in North and South America

Ensemble forecasts using the WRF Model at 20-km grid spacing with varying parameterizations are used to investigate and compare precipitation and atmospheric profile forecast biases in North and South America. By verifying a 19-member ensemble against NCEP Stage IV precipitation analyses, it is shown that the cumulus parameterization (CP), in addition to precipitation amount and season, had the largest influence on precipitation forecast skill in North America during 2016-2017. Verification of an ensemble subset against operational radiosondes in North and South America finds that forecasts in both continents feature a substantial mid-level dry bias, particularly at 700 hPa, during the warm season. Case-by-case analysis suggests that large mid-level error is associated with mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) east of the high terrain and westerly subsident flow from the Rocky and Andes Mountains in North and South America. However, error in South America is consistently greater than North America. This is likely attributed to the complex terrain and higher average altitude of the Andes relative to the Rockies, which allow for a deeper low-level jet and long-lasting MCSs, both of which 20-km simulations struggle to resolve. In the wake of data availability from the RELAMPAGO field campaign, the authors hope that this work motivates further comparison of large precipitating systems in North and South America, given their high impact in both continents.
REQUIREMENT OF GAP JUNCTIONAL INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION

24 During pregnancy, the villous trophoblast develops from the fusion of cytotrophoblastic 25 cells (CT) into a syncytiotrophoblast (ST), supporting the main physiological functions of the 26 human placenta. Connexin43 (Cx43) is demonstrated in situ and in vitro in the villous trophoblast 27 between CT and between CT and ST. Moreover, the presence of a gap junctional intercellular 28 communication (GJIC) during in vitro trophoblast differentiation was previously demonstrated. 29 As the exchange of molecules through gap junctions is considered to play a major role in the 30 control of cell and tissue differentiation, we have studied the effects of a gap junctional 31 uncoupler, heptanol, on morphological and functional trophoblast differentiation and on GJIC 32 measured by the Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) method. We found that 33 when the GJIC was interrupted, CT still aggregated but poorly fused. This morphological effect 34 was associated with a significant decrease of trophoblastic specific gene expression (β human 35 Chorionic Gonadotropin and human Chorionic Somatomammotropin). This blocking action was 36 reversible as demonstrated by recovery of GJIC and trophoblast differentiation process after 37 heptanol removal. Moreover, the inhibition of the trophoblast differentiation did not affect Cx43 38 transcript expression and Cx43 protein expression. These data suggest that the molecular 39 exchanges through gap junctions preceding cellular fusion are essential for trophoblast 40 differentiation generating the multifunctional syncytiotrophoblast. 41
Voting system based on blockchain

Article history Received: 13 January 2021 Accepted: 1 February 2021 Published Online: 18 April 2021 Online ballot box system has the advantages of high efficiency and environmental protection, but the existing network voting technology still has a lot of matter. Almost all electronic voting system could be proved to be intrusion. The administrator of the system could tamper with the data for benefit, and the system may be attacked by hackers. The safety and fairness of the existing network voting system depend entirely on the safety and credibility of the website itself, but these cannot guarantee the fairness of voting. Make full use of blockchain technology, so that voting, even if there are malicious participants, but also to ensure the correctness and safety of the vote. The introduction of block chain technology, block chain has decentralized, data tampering and other characteristics. P2P network is applied in the block chain layer to construct a distributed database, digital signature algorithm and encryption technology are used to ensure that the data cannot be tampered with, consensus network algorithm is used to ensure the consistency of the data in the network, and timestamp technology is applied to save the data blocks in a chain structure connected end to end. It paper focuses on the implementation of P2P network networking mode, node block synchronization, data and block verification mechanism and consensus mechanism to ensure data consistency in the network layer of block chain layer. Using time stamp, Merkle tree, asymmetric encryption and other technologies to design data blocks and use chain structure to store data blocks. Combined with the characteristics of blockchain, a fair and transparent voting system is constructed. Model aims to apply the block chain technology to the voting scenario and design a secure block chain voting architecture. It system is designed and developed based on the block chain system. It makes full use of its decentralization, removes the dependence of electronic voting on trusted third parties, and protects the privacy of voters and candidates. Data cannot be tampered with. Once the data are stored in the block chain, it cannot be tampered with. It provides a real and credible database.
The Many Faces of Gold Nanorods

Gold nanorods exhibit optical properties that are tunable with their shape, leading to sensing, imaging, and biomedical therapeutic applications. Colloidal preparations of gold nanorods impart surfactants or other species on the nanorod surfaces; a popular preparation leads to a surfactant bilayer on the surface. The specific chemistry at three distinct interfaces has roles to play in the growth and subsequent usage of these nanomaterials; these interfaces are the gold−surfactant interface, the hydrophobic surfactant bilayer, and, finally, the surfactant interface with the aqueous bulk. Each one of these interfaces provides strategies for altering nanorod properties such as stability against aggregation, toxicity, and ease of assembly. It is the solvent-accessible interface that dictates nanorod interactions with other particles, macromolecules, and living cells.
Segmenting Star Images with Complex Backgrounds Based on Correlation between Objects and 1D Gaussian Morphology

Space object recognition in high Earth orbits (between 2000 km and 36,000 km) is affected by moonlight and clouds, resulting in some bright or saturated image areas and uneven image backgrounds. It is difficult to separate dim objects from complex backgrounds with gray thresholding methods alone. In this paper, we present a segmentation method of star images with complex backgrounds based on correlation between space objects and one-dimensional (1D) Gaussian morphology, and the focus is shifted from gray thresholding to correlation thresholding. We build 1D Gaussian functions with five consecutive column data of an image as a group based on minimum mean square error rules, and the correlation coefficients between the column data and functions are used to extract objects and stars. Then, lateral correlation is repeated around the identified objects and stars to ensure their complete outlines, and false alarms are removed by setting two values, the standard deviation and the ratio of mean square error and variance. We analyze the selection process of each thresholding, and experimental results demonstrate that our proposed correlation segmentation method has obvious advantages in complex backgrounds, which is attractive for object detection and tracking on a cloudy and bright moonlit night.
Can Reflective Diary-Writing Increase Sufficiency-Oriented Consumption? A Longitudinal Intervention Addressing the Role of Basic Psychological Needs, Subjective Well-Being, and Time Affluence

Sufficiency is a sustainability strategy aiming for (1) a decrease in absolute resource consumption on individual and societal levels, and (2) for socio-ecological justice and the fair distribution of costs and benefits of resource use to meet every human’s basic needs. This study examined a longitudinal intervention to foster individual sufficiency orientation (i.e., a multidimensional construct including both attitudes towards the sufficiency sustainability strategy and corresponding behavioral intentions). We recruited N = 252 participants who participated in a one-week reflective diary-intervention to increase sufficiency orientation in everyday life and assessed sufficiency orientation, basic psychological need satisfaction, self-reflection, subjective well-being, and time affluence before (T1), directly after (T2), and four weeks after the intervention (T3). Contrary to our predictions, there was no significant difference between the experimental and the control group. Sufficiency orientation increased across groups. Basic psychological need satisfaction was the strongest predictor of sufficiency orientation. There were positive relations with subjective well-being. Targeting basic psychological need satisfaction, as a potential underlying driver of sufficiency orientation, seems to be a promising avenue for designing interventions. Employing a need-based, humanistic approach to designing psychological interventions is in line with the aims of sufficiency to meet every human’s basic needs, in a socio-ecologically just world.
Influence of Computer Knowledge and Level of Education on Spanish Citizens’ Propensity to Use E-Commerce

This article analyzes the influence of Spanish citizens’ computer knowledge and level of education on their tolerance of, or aversion to, risk in the online purchase of goods and services. To this end, annual survey data from Spain’s National Statistics Institute were used to know the incidence in e-commerce of the following variables: “computer knowledge,” “electronic commerce,” and “socioeconomic characteristics. ” A method based on the design of a computer knowledge indicator was used, followed by a bivariate logistic regression to determine computer knowledge and level of education. The results show that the higher the level of computer knowledge, the greater the impulse to buy online and the higher the tolerance of risk. There was also a positive relation between level of education and propensity to buy; the higher the level of education, the greater the propensity.
An improved optimisation method based on augmented constraint for electricity market clearing considering non‐increasing stepwise bidding

Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Smart Grid Protection and Control; National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award Number: 51707099 Abstract The development of optimization methods for market clearing aims to improve the rationality of bidding and maximise social welfare. Existing electricity markets only allow a non‐decreasing bidding curve for generating companies (GenCos) owing to the convex limitation of the optimization model. However, the marginal cost of GenCos is sometimes non‐increasing, such as GenCos involved in deep peak regulation, which requires the non‐increasing bidding of GenCos. Focussing on the non‐increasing stepwise bidding curves of the GenCos, an improved optimization method is proposed that imposes augmented constraints on the bidding segments so that each bid segment can be allocated in order. In this way, the proper sequence of the bid quantity of each segment can be guaranteed. The numeral testing results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
‘Ways of being’: a model for supportive doctoral supervisory relationships and supervision

ABSTRACT The focus in the literature on doctoral supervision is on what supervisors should do in supervision and very little on their ‘ways of being’ that develop highly valued supervisory relationships. A conceptual model is presented on supportive ‘ways of being’ for supervisors that unpacks the tacit nature of dispositional qualities, or mindfulness traits, such as empathy, flexibility, openness and humility, personal support, respect and trust, that well-regarded supervisors embody in their highly valued supervisory relationships. A major challenge in candidature is the state of liminality, which is often a difficult experience for candidates, characterised by a lack of confidence and anxiety about how to proceed that potentially puts candidates at risk of not achieving success. Data sets show that an important factor in mitigation is that the supervisory relationship becomes a supportive interpersonal environment that is conducive to developing the candidate’s scholarly identity and to providing a healthy academic community. The article argues that through academic development, mindfulness traits are capable of being learned by supervisors, regardless of the disciplinary or institutional setting.
Materialism and Individuals’ Over-indebtedness: A Case of Indonesia

Over-indebtedness is an ongoing challenge for both employees and institutions. Building on previous works on materialism and over-indebtedness, this study investigated the relationship between the two. We proposed that the effect of materialism trait on over-indebtedness is mediated by selfcontrol over financial issues. Data were collected through a selfadministered survey in public institutions involving 227 employees. The results demonstrated that materialism influenced over-indebtedness both directly or indirectly through self-control over financial issues. The theoretical and practical contributions of the study were discussed. Keywords—materialism, self-control, over-indebtedness, financial management
Proxy-Based Control of Intelligent Assistive Walker for Intentional Sit-to-Stand Transfer

Sit-to-stand (STS) transfer is an easy everyday activity for healthy people, but it is a challenging task for the elderly, and patients with lower-limb weaknesses. This article presents an intelligent assistive walker, which assists the user to accomplish safe STS transfers. An STS intention recognition method is proposed based on an optimized adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), where the walker is able to accurately detect a voluntary STS and to apply an appropriate control accordingly. The walker is controlled by using a proxy-based controller with respect to the detected human intention, that is measured using thin-film force sensing resistors. During the STS transfer, the assistance force is generated on-line using a virtual spring-damper between the proxy and the linear actuator of the assistive walker. The stability of the proposed controller is theoretically analyzed, and verified by simulations. Experiments with five young healthy subjects and one elderly subject demonstrated that the proposed assistive walker is able to efficiently follow the user’s intention to complete stable and compliant STS transfers.
Antipsychotic Monotherapy for Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Although several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have compared the effectiveness, efficacy, and safety of antipsychotic monotherapy (APM) versus placebo in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), no meta-analysis has examined this topic. We conducted a systematic literature search using MEDLINE and Embase to identify relevant RCTs and performed a meta-analysis to compare the following outcomes between APM and placebo: response and remission rates, study discontinuation due to all causes, lack of efficacy, and adverse events, changes in total scores on depression severity scales, and individual adverse event rates. A total of 13 studies were identified, with 14 comparisons involving 3,197 participants that met the eligibility criteria. There were significant differences between APM and placebo in response and remission rates and changes in the primary depression severity scale in favor of APM, and study discontinuation due to adverse events and several individual adverse events in favor of placebo. No significant difference was observed in discontinuation due to all causes. APM could have antidepressant effects in the acute phase of MDD, although clinicians should be aware of an increased risk of some adverse events.
Design and Control of a Open-Source, Low Cost, 3D Printed Dynamic Quadruped Robot

In this paper, we present a new open source dynamic quadruped robot, PADWQ (pronounced pa-dook), which features 12 torque controlled quasi direct drive joints with high control bandwidth, as well as onboard depth sensor and GPU-equipped computer that allows for a highly dynamic locomotion over uncertain terrains. In contrast to other dynamic quadruped robots based on custom actuator and machined metal structural parts, the PADWQ is entirely built from off the shelf components and standard 3D printed plastic structural parts, which allows for a rapid distribution and duplication without the need for advanced machining process. To make sure that the plastic structural parts can withstand the stress of dynamic locomotion, we performed finite element analysis (FEA) on leg structural parts as well as a continuous walking test using the physical robot, both of which the robot has passed successfully. We hope this work to help a wide range of researchers and engineers that need an affordable, highly capable and easily customizable quadruped robot.
The role of teacher-student relationship on performance in mathematics of the eleventh graders in the Cape Coast metropolis: Critical friendship perspective

Abstract Drawing on Critical Friendship as a theoretical base, an investigation was carried out to find out what components of teacher-student relationship would make a difference in the performance in mathematics of the eleventh graders in the Cape Coast Metropolis. A sample size of 2,575 students was randomly chosen to fill a questionnaire on teacher-student relationship and write an achievement test in mathematics. Findings revealed that trust, fear and lack of respect negligibly and statistically correlated with achievement scores; unhealthy context and challenge correlated negligibly (but not statistically); while support did not correlate. The sub-constructs jointly shared a variance of approximately 8% with achievement scores. With a focus on developing critical minds and democratic future leaders, there is a need for pre-service and in-service training on the teacher-student relationship. Awareness about the teacher-student relationship in the learning of mathematics may be created through debates among students in schools.