Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Euler-Lagrange Equations in Circuits with Memory Elements

It is well known that the equation of motion of a system can be set up using the Lagrangian and the dissipation function, which describe the conservative and dissipative parts of the system. However, this procedure, consisting in a systematic differentiation of the above state functions, cannot be used for circuits containing simultaneously conventional nonlinear elements such as the resistor, capacitor, and inductor, and their nonlinear memory versions – the memristor, memcapacitor, and meminductor. The paper provides a general solution to this problem and demonstrates it on the example of modeling Josephson’s junction.
Shifted labor market risks? The changing economic consequences of job loss in the United States and West Germany

This article analyzes how institutional changes in the welfare state influence income mobility around job loss in the United States andWest Germany. Drawing both on an analysis of changes in provisions for the unemployed and on panel data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and the German Socio-Economic panel (GSOEP), I demonstrate that the material well-being of American households hit by job loss has decreased substantially over time because of welfare state retrenchment, while unemployed German households have experienced only little deterioration of their economic well-being despite worsening labor market circumstances and institutional changes. The analysis also reveals that women in the United States are especially disadvantaged by job loss because, in their case, the withdrawal of the state has not been counteracted by an increase in influence on the part of the family.
Direct Multi-Step Estimation and Forecasting

This paper surveys the literature on multi-step forecasting when the model or the estimation method focuses directly on the link between the forecast origin and the horizon of interest. Among diverse contributions, we show how the current consensual concepts have emerged. We present an exhaustive overview of the existing results, including a conclusive review of the circumstances favourable to direct multi-step forecasting, namely different forms of non-stationarity and appropriate model design. We also provide a unifying framework which allows us to analyse the sources of forecast errors and hence of accuracy improvements from direct over iterated multi-step forecasting. Copyright 2007 The Author. Journal compilation © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Single-source Precursor Based ZnSe Thin Film Preparation through MOCVD Method

C, the ZnSe film as a window layer can be successfullydeposited on the CIGS substrate with a longer depositiontime without damaging the CIGS layer.According to EDX data, the composition of the filmscorresponds to the 1 : 1 stoichiometry between Zn and Se inthis temperature range and there are no appreciable amountsof impurities such as carbide or oxide. UV-Vis spectroscopyfor these films indicates that the band gap of ZnSe films forboth precursors ranges from 2.65 eV to 2.8 eV, dependingupon the deposition process. Thus, it is believed that theZnSe films prepared in this study is very likely to replaceCdS (band gap: 2.44 eV), which is quite harmful to theenvironment.In conclusion, two new single-source precursors for ZnSethin film were synthesized and characterized. Both precur-sors were found to have improved thermal properties ofrelatively very low melting and decomposition temperatures,which are quite suitable in their application to a windowlayer material through MOCVD method. Using these pre-cursors, ZnSe thin films were successfully deposited onvarious substrates with a relatively large growth rate.
Numerical Calculation of the Performance of a Thermoacoustic System with Engine and Cooler Stacks in a Looped Tube

The performance of a thermoacoustic system that is composed of a looped tube, an engine stack, a cooler stack, and four heat exchangers, is numerically investigated. Each stack has narrow flow channels, is sandwiched by two heat exchangers, and is located in the looped tube. In order to provide a design guide, the performance of the system is numerically calculated by changing the following three parameters: the radius of the flow channels in the engine stack, the radius of the flow channels in the cooler stack, and the relative position of the cooler stack. It was found that when the three parameters are optimized, the efficiency of the engine stack reaches 75% of Carnot’s efficiency and the coefficient of the performance (COP) of the cooler stack is 53% of Carnot’s COP, whereas 33% of the acoustic power generated by the engine stack is utilized in the cooler stack.
Nanoparticles Anchored on ZnO Nanorods as Active Heterostructure Catalysts for Phenol Degradation (

With the rapid civilization and industrialization, water pollution is becoming more and more intricate. Heterogeneous photocatalysis using metal oxide loaded ZnO nanorods is a well-known environmental technology to degrade toxic organic pollutants. In this study, Cr2O3 particles anchored on the ZnO nanorods (Cr2O3/ZnO) were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal-deposition technique. Microscopic and crystallographic analyses indicated that the synthesized samples consisted of two-phase heterostructure of Cr2O3 and ZnO. The photocatalytic results showed that the phenol degradation by Cr2O3 /ZnO heterostructures was higher than those of pure ZnO and commercial TiO2. The synergetic effect between Cr2O3 and ZnO was the pivotal reason for the improvement of photoactivity as proven by the photoluminescence and terephthalic acid–photoluminescence analyses.
Genetic Variance Components and Heritabilities of Several Avocado Traits

Genetic variance components for avocado (Persea americana Mill.) traits were estimated to improve avocado breeding efficiency. The additive and nonadditive genetic variance components were calculated from the variances between and within crosses. In all nine traits examined, i. e. anise scent, fruit density, flowering intensity, fruit weight, harvest duration, inflorescence length, seed size, softening time, and tree size, a significant nonadditive genetic variance was detected. Additive genetic variance in all traits was lower and nonsignificant. The existence of major nonadditive variance was indicated also by narrow-sense and broad-sense heritability values estimated for each trait. Therefore, parental selection should not be based solely on cultivar performance. Crosses between parents of medium and perhaps even low performance should also be included in the breeding program.
Onyiuke Grading Scale: A Clinical Classification System for the Diagnosis and Management of Bertolotti Syndrome

Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) is a common anatomic variant of the spine, characterized by the formation of a pseudoarticulation between the transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae and sacrum or ilium. The altered biomechanics and instability of the spine have been implicated as a potential source of low back pain dubbed Bertolotti Syndrome, named for the Italian physician who initially reported such a rare condition. Traditionally, lumbosacral transitional vertebra have been subdivided into types I-IV based on the Castellvi radiographic classification system.1 However, identifying the type of LSTV in this way fails to consider these findings within the clinical context and provides no clinical relevance to the treatment of Bertolotti Syndrome. Patients presenting with back pain between 2011 and 2018 attributable to a lumbosacral transitional vertebra were identified retrospectively. Data was collected from these patients' charts regarding demographic information, clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, treatment, and outcomes. Based on evaluation of these cases and review of the literature, a diagnostic-therapeutic algorithm is proposed. Based on our experiences evaluating and treating these patients and review of the existing literature, we propose a clinical classification system for Bertolotti Syndrome, we proposed a 4-grade scale for patients with Bertolotti syndrome based upon location, severity, and characteristics of pain experienced due to LSTVs. Based on our experience with the cases illustrated here, we recommend managing patients with LSTV based on our diagnostic-therapeutic algorithm. Moving forward, a larger prospective study with a larger patient cohort is needed to further validate the treatment paradigm.
Effect of Chronic Consumption of Sweeteners on Microbiota and Immunity in the Small Intestine of Young Mice

The consumption of sweeteners has increased as a measure to reduce the consumption of calories and thus combat obesity and diabetes. Sweeteners are found in a large number of products, so chronic consumption has been little explored. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of chronic sweetener consumption on the microbiota and immunity of the small intestine in young mice. We used 72 CD1 mice of 21 days old, divided into 3 groups: (i) No treatment, (ii) Group A (6 weeks of treatment), and (iii) Group B (12 weeks of treatment). Groups A and B were divided into 4 subgroups: Control (CL), Sucrose (Suc), Splenda® (Spl), and Svetia® (Sv). The following were determined: anthropometric parameters, percentage of lymphocytes of Peyer's patches and lamina propria, IL-6, IL-17, leptin, resistin, C-peptide, and TNF-α. From feces, the microbiota of the small intestine was identified. The BMI was not modified; the mice preferred the consumption of Splenda® and Svetia®. The percentage of CD3+ lymphocytes in Peyer's patches was increased. In the lamina propria, Svetia® increased the percentage of CD3+ lymphocytes, but Splenda® decreases it. The Splenda® and Svetia® subgroups elevate leptin, C-peptide, IL-6, and IL-17, with reduction of resistin. The predominant genus in all groups was Bacillus. The chronic consumption of sweeteners increases the population of lymphocytes in the mucosa of the small intestine. Maybe, Bacillus have the ability to adapt to sweeteners regardless of the origin or nutritional contribution of the same.
Probing the Tavis-Cummings Level Splitting with Intermediate-Scale Superconducting Circuits

We demonstrate the local control of up to eight two-level systems interacting strongly with a microwave cavity. Following calibration, the frequency of each individual two-level system (qubit) is tunable without influencing the others. Bringing the qubits one by one on resonance with the cavity, we observe the collective coupling strength of the qubit ensemble. The splitting scales up with the square root of the number of the qubits, which is the hallmark of the Tavis-Cummings model. The local control circuitry causes a bypass shunting the resonator, and a Fano interference in the microwave readout, whose contribution can be calibrated away to recover the pure cavity spectrum. The simulator's attainable size of dressed states with up to five qubits is limited by reduced signal visibility, and -- if uncalibrated -- by off-resonance shifts of sub-components. Our work demonstrates control and readout of quantum coherent mesoscopic multi-qubit system of intermediate scale under conditions of noise.
AGILE PROJECT MANAGEMENT LEARNING BY POPBL METHODOLOGY: A TWO-YEAR EXPERIENCE IN MONDRAGON UNIBERTSITATEA

Este documento expone los resultados derivados de la realizacion de proyectos grupales por parte de alumnos del Master Universitario en Innovacion Empresarial y Direccion de Proyectos de Mondragon Unibertsitatea, en el seno de la metodologia POPBL y durante un periodo de dos anos. El estudio se centra principalmente en los aspectos relacionados con el aprendizaje de la utilizacion en la practica de los metodos agiles Scrum y Kanban. Su uso como base para la gestion de los proyectos en un entorno cuasi-real ha permitido identificar aspectos de interes. El primero se refiere a la perspectiva del formador, y el segundo al aprendizaje de personas, muchas de las cuales contaban con escasa o nula experiencia profesional.
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli to produce plant specific secondary metabolites from aromatic amino acids

SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM AROMATIC AMINO ACIDS by QIN HUANG (Under the Direction of YAJUN YAN) ABSTRACT Plants are known for producing diversified metabolites that are exclusively identified from plant sources. These plant-specific metabolites have been demonstrated to perform actively in signal transmission to assist plants growth under exogenous stress. This category of natural compounds attracts more attention beyond their roles in plants for their health promoting capabilities and medicinal potentials. However, commercialization of synthetic technology towards these therapeutic candidates is yet to be developed for their insufficient availability from native origins and uneconomical chemical approaches. In order to engineer more cost-effective alternatives of yielding these valuable metabolites, microbial production has been established by exploiting plant genes and enzymes to construct artificial synthetic pathway towards end products in categories of alkaloids, phenylpropanoids and isoprenoids. Caffeic acid, as a target compound in research, was produced in metabolically engineered E. coli. Highest titers from de novo production of caffeic acid and one-step conversion were achieved in this work.
Occurrence of weak, sub‐micron, tropospheric aerosol events at high Arctic latitudes

Numerous fine mode (sub‐micron) aerosol optical events were observed during the summer of 2007 at the High Arctic atmospheric observatory (PEARL) located at Eureka, Nunavut, Canada. Half of these events could be traced to forest fires in southern and eastern Russia and the Northwest Territories of Canada. The most notable findings were that (a) a combination of ground‐based measurements (passive sunphotometry, high spectral resolution lidar) could be employed to determine that weak (near sub‐visual) fine mode events had occurred, and (b) this data combined with remote sensing imagery products (MODIS, OMI‐AI, FLAMBE fire sources), Fourier transform spectroscopy and back trajectories could be employed to identify the smoke events.
Differential Fuel Taxes and their Effects on Automobile Demand

Fuel taxation policy in Chile has always been to keep taxes ondiesel lower than those on gasoline. The proportion of automobiles withdiesel engines has grown considerably as a result. Just 20% of dieselengine emissions are equivalent to 80% of gasoline engine emissions,and this affects the level of externalities associated with automobile use,especially in cities such as Santiago where pollution levels are high. Thisstudy estimates the effect of the fuel tax differential on automobile demand.The findings indicate diesel automobile demand elasticities of -3.4 and 2.1with respect to the price of the vehicle and the tax differential. The scaleof these effects means there is scope for substantial emissions cuts byway of tax changes to equalize gasoline and diesel tax rates and createa specific tax on diesel automobiles.
Composition of subspecies, head spot types and genetic types of charr distributed in the Hino River, Japan

鳥取県日野川水系におけるイワナ属魚類について，ゴギとニッコウイワナ，頭部斑紋型，遺伝子型の組成を調べた。 計19の支流から38個体のサンプルが採集され，支流はその発する山塊ごとにグループ化された。 ニッコウイワナは水系東部の大山・二子・花見山塊から発する支流に分布したが西部5山塊からの支流には分布せず，対照的にゴギは水系西部の鬼林・道後・三国・船通・鷹入山塊に分布したが東部3山塊には分布しなかった。 斑紋型では東部3山塊ではＣ・Ｅ・Ｆ・Ｇ・Ｈは記録されたがＡ・Ｂ・Ｄ型は記録されなかった。 一方，西部5山塊ではすべての型が記録された。 遺伝子型では6および9つのハプロタイプがそれぞれニッコウイワナおよびゴギ特異的であり，1タイプのみ共通であった。 デンドログラムではニッコウイワナおよびゴギそれぞれ5および6つのハプロタイプで構成される亜種特異的なクレードが見られたが，もう一つのクレードは両亜種で形成された。 これらの結果は，日野川における両亜種の混棲，ゴギの複数起源性，地形変動等による分布拡大，さらに斑紋の易変異性を示唆する。
CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS: THE IMPACT OF TACTICAL SELLING APPROACHES

This study applies an extended adoption model based on the technology acceptance model (TAM) and theory of reasoned action (TRA) to examine the impact of three specific sales tactics (i.e., product-focused, competitive-focused, and customer-focused) on the adoption of a consumer technology innovation. The findings indicate that the selling tactics had a differential effect on the relationships between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, normative pressures, perceived enjoyment, and adoption outcomes (i.e., attitude toward usage and purchase intention). Specific consumer behavior and sales management implications are discussed.
Pithomyces chartarum as a pathogen of wheat.

During routine surveys of wheat-growing (Triticum aestivum L.) areas of Hungary, symptomatic leaf samples were collected from different wheat cultivars. Macro- and micromorphological examinations of singlespore isolates showed some of them to belong to Pithomyces chartarum (teleomorph: Leptosphaerulina chartarum). Species assignment was confirmed by sequence analysis of the intergenic transcribed spacer region. P. chartarum isolates produced a range of secondary metabolites including gregatin, alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether, but not sporidesmin, a mycotoxin responsible for photosensitisation and liver damage of grazing animals. Pathogenicity tests proved that P. chartarum can cause leaf damage to wheat. Disease symptoms were strikingly different in different wheat cultivars. This is the first report on pathogenicity of P. chartarum to wheat in Europe.
Social Outcome Following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A Meta-Analysis

Social Outcome Following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A Meta-Analysis Jonathan James Mietchen Department of Psychology, BYU Doctor of Philosophy Objective: Children and adolescents with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at increased risk for developing social incompetence and impairment in broad psychosocial functioning. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between history of TBI, social competence, and broad psychosocial functioning using meta-analytic methods. Methods: Studies relating to social outcome following pediatric TBI were searched for using scientific, academic databases. Sixteen studies (N=2,005) met inclusion criteria, and relevant data relating to social functioning was extracted. Meta-analytic methods were used in order to obtain Hedges’s g effect size data for mild, moderate, and severe TBI groups. Metaregressions were also used to examine the effect of potential moderating variables, including Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), socioeconomic status (SES), gender, control group (typically developing (TD) or orthopedic injury (OI)), and time/age related variables. Finally, publication bias was calculated using funnel plots and Rosenthal’s fail-safe N. Results: A dose-response effect was observed with mild (Hedges’s g = -0.387), and moderate (Hedges’s g = -0.459) groups demonstrating smaller effects when compared to the severe group (-0.814) on measures of broad psychosocial function. A dose-response effect was also observed on measures of social competence, with mild (Hedges’s g = -0.098) and moderate (Hedges’s g = -0.450) TBI groups demonstrating smaller effect sizes when compared to the severe TBI group (Hedges’s g = -0.832). The GCS was a significant predictor of both broad psychosocial functioning (B = 0.065, p < 0.001) and social competence (B = 0.079, p < 0.001), such that more severe injuries predicted poorer social outcomes. Gender was a significant predictor of effect size (B = 0.018, p = 0.05), such that higher proportions of females was associated with smaller effect sizes. Finally, the type of control group used in these studies was also a significant predictor of effect size (B = 0.369, p = 0.03), such that studies that used TD produced larger effect sizes when compared to studies that used OI. Overall, there was little evidence for publication bias. Conclusions: Children and adolescents with a history of TBI demonstrated significant differences from their peers in social competence and broad psychosocial functioning following TBI. The severity of the injury is important in understanding and predicting social outcomes following pediatric TBI. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Distributed activation energy modelling for pyrolysis of forest waste using Gaussian distribution

Abstract The paper focuses on the influences of some factors significant to pyrolysis of forestry biomass on the asymptotic solution of the non-isothermal nth-order distribution energy model (DAEM) using Gaussian distribution. Investigated parameters are the integral upper limit, the frequency factor, and the heating rate parameters of the Gaussian distribution. The influence of these factors has been used for evaluating the kinetic parameters of the non-isothermal nth-order Gaussian distribution from thermogravimetric analysis of forest waste.
Optimal Pension Insurance Design

In this paper we analyze how the traditional life and pension contracts with a guaranteed rate of return can be optimized to increase customers’ welfare. Given that the contracts have to be priced correctly, we use individuals’ preferences to find the preferred design. Assuming CRRA utility, we cannot explain the existence of any form of guarantees. Through numerical solutions we quantify the difference (measured in certainty equivalents) to the preferred Merton solution of direct investments in a fixed proportion of risky and risk free assets. The largest welfare loss seems to come from the fact that guarantees are effective by the end of each year, not only by the expiry of the contract. However, the demand for products with guarantees may be explained through behavioral models. We use cumulative prospect theory as an example, showing that the optimal design is a simple contract with a life-time guarantee and no default option.
Comparative study of lipid profile between episodic migraineurs and healthy volunteers

Background: The lipid profile of migraineurs showed atherogenic condition. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were found to be frequent and appeared one decade earlier in migraine patients compared with the general population. No comprehensive study is available regarding these aspects in migraineurs in India. Objectives: To compare lipid profile parameters between episodic migraineurs and healthy volunteers. Materials and Methods: This was a case–control study performed in a sample of migraine cases selected from the Outpatient Department, G.B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India, and normal healthy individuals as control group were chosen from the students of medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India. Migraineurs were selected based on the clinical diagnosis by neurologists, each fulfilling the International Headache Society criteria 2004. Subjects aged between 20 and 40 years were enrolled for study irrespective of the aura status. Lipid profile parameters studied were total choles terol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides. Results: The lipid profile of migraineurs showed abnormal condition. When LDL levels were compared, 24 of 54 cases and 5 of 30 controls showed abnormal levels (P = 0.020), whereas the remaining lipids showed no statistical significance between the two groups. Conclusion: Atherogenic lipid profile of migraineurs in our study coincided with the results of earlier studies. LDL levels were higher in cases when compared with those of controls. The values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and VLDL levels did not differ significantly between the controls and the cases.