Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular systematics of Characodon: Phylogeny based on a nuclear locus

Characodon is a genus of livebearing fishes whose two extant species (C. lateralis and C. audax) inhabit localities along the Rio Mezquital of Durango, Mexico. This lineage of Goodeidae (Cyprinodontiformes) is critical to study because of its biogeographic and phylogenetic positions within the group, and both species are of conservation concern. A recent mitochondrial DNA analysis contradicts the published taxonomy, and suggests that Characodon has diverged into northern and southern populations. This, coupled with the observation that the morphological characteristics used in the original species descriptions might be flawed, has led me to study the phylogenetic relationships among populations using a third kind of evidence, nuclear DNA. The flanking regions of a microsatellite locus, amplified and sequenced using standard protocols, were compared for 20 specimens representing one population of C. audax and six populations of C. lateralis. Four non-Characodon outgroups were used to root the phylogeny. The DNA sequences of C. audax were found to be identical to those of the northern C. lateralis, and the southern C. lateralis were recovered as a clade that excluded the northern populations, consistent with the mitochondrial analysis. A relative dearth of sequence variation means this finding should be evaluated cautiously, but it appears that morphological, mitochondrial, and nuclear evidence are in agreement that Characodon diversity needs to be redescribed. This project was supported by the Biology Department and Honors Program of the University of North Georgia. Characodon Systematics
Application of the code THEA to the CONDOPT experiment in SULTAN

The CONDOPT (CONDuctor OPTimization) experiment has been recently completed in SULTAN. The current sharing behavior of Nb/sub 3/Sn samples was assessed as a function of the number of cyclic loads experienced during current sweeps in a 10 T background field. We present here results of a computer analysis performed with the code THEA/sup /spl trade// (for consistent Thermal, Hydraulic and Electric Analysis) in support of the interpretation of the experimental results. We focus in particular on the critical current and current sharing temperature runs, providing details on the features and effects of current distribution among cable sub-stages.
Ontology Extraction for Coreference Chaining Till

The KunDoc project investigates coreference chaining with ontology-based methods. In this paper, we discuss knowledge-based methods for coreference chaining and in particular the use of ontologies and their acquisition from a corpus. We present the KunDoc methodology and its implementation. We use concepts and their interrelations extracted from a corpus of Norwegian newspaper articles to build up domain-specific ontologies which contribute with selectional restrictions on possible co-referents. We expect to see an improvement over methods that do not employ any semantic knowledge.
Community assembly time and the relationship between local and regional species richness

Many previous studies have assumed that a linear relationship between local and regional species richness indicates that communities are limited by regional processes, while a saturating relationship suggests that species interactions restrict local richness. We show theoretically that the relationship between local and regional richness changes in a consistent fashion with assembly time in interacting communities. Communities show saturation in their early assembly stages because only a subset of the regional pool may colonize a locality. At intermediate assembly times, communities will appear unsaturated until significant competitive exclusion occurs. Finally, when communities reach equilibrium, we found saturation as a result of resource competition resulting in the dominance of a limited number of species. We show that habitat size and species fecundity are important in determining the time needed for the community to reach equilibrium and thus affect the relationship between local and regional species richness. Our results suggest the number of coexisting species is a function of local and regional processes whose relative influences might vary over time and that research using the relationship between local and regional species richness to infer mechanisms limiting species richness must have knowledge of the assembly time of the community.
Model Analysis of Influencing Factors on Academic Performance of Medical Students

A questionnaire was designed according to the UTAUT model. Students from Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, including undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral students, participated the survey. A total of 221 completed responses were received within one month, and 218 responses were used for quantitative analysis (deletion of 3 invalid responses). This study found that academic performance of medical students was influenced most by learning willingness, followed by facilitating conditions, self-management of learning, etc. The results of this study can be helpful to students and teachers in medical college to adjust their learning and teaching strategies. Introduction Academic performance is an important index to reflect the mastery degree of theory and skills of students in their learning process. To improve the students’ academic performance, there is a need to study what factors influence the academic performance, and in what degree are the influence of these factors. Up to date, the factors that influence academic performance of medical students had not been systematically analyzed. UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) model was proposed by Venkatesh [1] based on eight existing models. In this model, four constructs play a significant role as direct or indirect determinants of behavioral intention and usage behavior: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. And four moderators provide theoretical justification for the hypotheses: gender, age, voluntariness, and experience. The UTAUT model has been used by many scholars in the field of education. For example, Tan [2] used UTAUT to explored Taiwanese college students’ needs for English E-learning websites, concluded that performance expectations, effort expectancy, and social influence had positive effects on behavior intentions and facilitating conditions. Au et al. [3] described a simplified adaptation of the UTAUT model to study factors that affect behavioral intention to use reminders for study habit alteration, the evidence is statistically significant that e-mail reminders can help students acquire new study habits. Through the discussion of above literatures, we may conclude that UTAUT model can be considered applicable to the study in the educational field. Therefore, in this paper, a UTAUT model was used to systematically explore the factors that influence academic performance.
A Consistent Variance Estimator for 2SLS When Instruments Identify Different LATEs

Under treatment effect heterogeneity, an instrument identifies the instrument-specific local average treatment effect (LATE). With multiple instruments, two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimand is a weighted average of different LATEs. What is often overlooked in the literature is that the postulated moment condition evaluated at the 2SLS estimand does not hold unless those LATEs are the same. If so, the conventional heteroscedasticity-robust variance estimator would be inconsistent, and 2SLS standard errors based on such estimators would be incorrect. I derive the correct asymptotic distribution, and propose a consistent asymptotic variance estimator by using the result of Hall and Inoue (2003, Journal of Econometrics) on misspecified moment condition models. This can be used to correctly calculate the standard errors regardless of whether there is more than one LATE or not.
A Multi-objective Differential Evolution Algorithm for Robot Inverse Kinematics

— This paper presents the robot inverse kinematics solution for four Degrees of Freedom (DOF) through Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. DE can handle real numbers (float, double) which leads more powerful than Genetic Algorithm (GA). We propose a multi-objective fitness function that makes an attempt to minimize the positional error and maximum angular displacement of the robot joints. Maximum angular displacement based fitness function adopt the constraints on different unrealistic rotational movement of the manipulator. We employ an equitable treatment of both fitness functions while maximizing these two over generations that iteratively selects the optimal weights of these two fitness functions automatically. Trigonometric mutation and binomial crossover improve the performance of the conventional DE technique. We compared the results of proposed multi-objective DE with GA and Algebraic Method (AM). Proposed multi-objective DE algorithm obtains less positional error than conventional DE, GA and AM while meeting the rotational constraints of the manipulator’s joints.
"Being Religious" or "Being Spiritual" in America: A Zero-Sum Proposition?

Recent discussions of religious attitudes and behavior tend to suggest—and in a few cases, provide evidence—that Americans are becoming “more spiritual” and “less religious. ” What do people mean, however, when they say they are “spiritual” or “religious”? Do Americans see these concepts as definitionally or operationally different? If so, does that difference result in a zero-sum dynamic between them? In this article, we explore the relationship between “being religious” and “being spiritual” in a national sample of American Protestants and compare our findings to other studies, including Wade Clark Roof’s baby-boomer research (1993, 2000), 1999 Gallup and 2000 Spirituality and Health polls, and the Zinnbauer et al. (1997) study of religious definitions. In addition to presenting quantitative and qualitative evidence about the way people think about their religious/spiritual identity, the article draws implications about modernity, the distinctiveness of religious change in the recent past, and the deinstitutionalization of religion.
Industrial control applications in Thailand: electronic and machinery sectors

This paper presents a comprehensive technology status review on the current situation of industrial control applications in Thailand. The review focuses on two main industries of the country, i.e. electronics and machinery. It acquires insight of applications to explore the underlying technology. The findings reveal that there is great interest and effort in utilizing control approach to solve industrial problems in both industries. Rapid growth of control applications is driven by the microprocessor-embedded system technology, which is very cost effective, user friendly and available worldwide. Furthermore, recent trends of control system technology that would be relevant to future industrial needs are analysed.
Investigation of TTMC-SVPWM Strategies for Diode Clamped and Cascaded H-bridge Multi-level Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drive

This paper presents a concept of two types multilevel inverters such as diode clamped and cascaded H-bridge for harmonic reduction on high power applications. Normally, multilevel inverters can be used to reduce the harmonic problems in electrical distribution systems. This paer focused on the performance and analysis of a three phase seven level inverter including diode clamped and cascaded H-bridge based on new tripizodal triangular space vector PWM technique approaches. TTMC based modified Space vector Pulse width modulation technique so called tripizodal triangular Space vector Pulse width modulation (TTMC-SVPWM) technique. In this paper the reference sine wave generated as in case of conventional off set injected SVPWM technique. It is observed that the TTMC-Space vector pulse width modulation ensures excellent, close to optimized pulse distribution results and THD is compared to seven level, diode clamped and cascaded multi level inverters. Theoretical investigations were confirmed by the digital simulations using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Structural learning of Gaussian graphical models from microarray data with p larger than n

Learning of large-scale networks of interactions from microarray data is an important and challenging problem in bioinformatics. A widely used approach is to assume that the available data constitute a random sample from a multivariate distribution belonging to a Gaussian graphical model. As a consequence, the prime objects of inference are full-order partial correlations which are partial correlations between two variables given the remaining ones. In the context of microarray data the number of variables exceeds the sample size and this precludes the application of traditional structure learning procedures because a sampling version of full-order partial correlations does not exist. In this paper we introduce a structure learning procedure, that we call the qp-procedure, based on limited-order partial correlations. The procedure is implemented in a freely available package for the statistical software R.
Discovering Algorithmic Relationship between Programming Resources on the Web

Algorithmic relationships are discovered here for programming tutoring. There are two kinds of algorithmic relationships between programming resources on the web: associative relationship and structural similarity relationship. They can be organized as a hierarchical body. An algorithm can solve different programming problems and a programming problem also can be solved by different algorithms. Thus, there is such algorithmic relationship, or associative relationship, between these programming resources on the web. The algorithmic structures of source codes can be mined by neural computing. Different source codes may have a structural similarity relationship between them, meaning that they are similar in their algorithmic structures. A learner can learn algorithms from simple to complicated structures or from similarities in their structures. In our experiment, we use a tree structure to organize the algorithmic relationships.
Optimization of Saccharification Conditions of Acid-pretreated Sweet Sorghum Straw Using Response Surface Methodology

This study focused on the cellulase production from C. versicolor TD17, white rot fungi. The maximum cellulase activity of 0.897 U/ml was obtained after 5 days of cultivation using 20 g/l cellobiose as a carbon source and 2 g/l ammonium sulfate supplemented with 0.3 g/l urea as nitrogen sources. Enzymatic saccharification of acid-pretreated sweet sorghum straw (SSS) using in house cellulase was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), variable five-code-level, four-factor; 1.0-7.0% w/v acid-pretreated SSS, 15-35 FPU/g dry substrate of cellulase enzyme, pH 3 to 7 and temperatures 30 to 70 °C. The optimal conditions were 1% w/v acid-pretreated SSS, 25 FPU/g dry substrate of cellulase, pH 5, 50 °C and 72 h cultivation. A maximal glucose yield of 0.440 g/g dry substrate was obtained.
Space-Time Percolation and Detection by Mobile Nodes

Consider the model where nodes are initially distributed as a Poisson point process with intensity $\lambda$ over $\mathbb{R}^d$ and are moving in continuous time according to independent Brownian motions. We assume that nodes are capable of detecting all points within distance $r$ of their location and study the problem of determining the first time at which a target particle, which is initially placed at the origin of $\mathbb{R}^d$, is detected by at least one node. We consider the case where the target particle can move according to any continuous function and can adapt its motion based on the location of the nodes. We show that there exists a sufficiently large value of $\lambda$ so that the target will eventually be detected almost surely. This means that the target cannot evade detection even if it has full information about the past, present and future locations of the nodes. Also, this establishes a phase transition for $\lambda$ since, for small enough $\lambda$, with positive probability the target can avoid detection forever. A key ingredient of our proof is to use fractal percolation and multi-scale analysis to show that cells with a small density of nodes do not percolate in space and time.
THE EFFECTS OF CADMIUM ON THE LIFE HISTORY TRAITS OF LYMANTRIA DISPAR L.

Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) females and males were chronically exposed to three sublethal cadmium concentrations (10, 30 and 50 mg/g dry food mass) in order to assess the effects of cadmium on larval and pupal duration, pupal mass and longevity. On average, the presence of cadmium in food did not affect larval duration while shortened pupal duration and reduced pupal mass and longevity were recorded. The most significant effects were obtained at the highest cadmium concentration. Females and males did not differ in sensitivity of life history traits to cadmium exposure. It is concluded that (1) cadmium exerts a strong adverse impact on the growth and development of gypsy moths, and (2) the significance of the cadmium effects depends on the dose.
In vitro antiprotozoal activity of five plant extracts from Albaha region

Five methanol extracts obtained from five plant species selected according ethnobotanical data were screened for their antiprotozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania infantum, Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei. Cytotoxicity was evaluated on MRC-5 cells. Withania somnifera methanol extract showed low activity against P. falciparum (IC50 17.7 μg ml -1 ), but with non-selective antimalarial activity. Most of the extracts tested against L. infantum exhibited low activity with IC50 ranging from 20 to 32 μg ml -1 , except W. somnifera which showed a remarkable but non-selective leishmanicidal activity (IC50 of 2.0 μg ml -1 ). W. somnifera methanol extract also exhibited a marked activity against T cruzi (IC50 0.6 μg ml -1 , SI=3.5).
Psychiatric Diagnoses in Patients with Williams Syndrome and Their Families

Williams Syndrome (WS) is a genetic disorder associated with mental retardation (MR) and a distinct behavioral phenotype including a friendly and outgoing personality. This population, like others with MR, has been reported to have an increased rate of symptoms of mental illness; however, few studies have used DSM-IV criteria to quantify specific psychiatric diagnoses in WS and the prevalence of psychiatric illness in relatives of individuals with WS and the possible relationship between family and patient diagnoses is currently unknown. Methods: Twenty-one families participated; the patients’ average age was 16 years. DSM-IV diagnoses were applied by using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule (ADIS, Parent and Child Versions) and the Family History Screen. Results: A diagnosis from the ADIS was applicable to 13 patients (62%), and in 16 patients (76%) a diagnosis was applicable in their first-degree family members. Ten patients (48%) had some form of anxiety, specific phobia being the most common. Three patients (14%) had major depressive disorder and 9 patients (43%) had attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The presence of anxiety or mood disorders in patients with WS and the presence of these disorders in their family members were unrelated. Conclusions: Patients with WS have a high prevalence of anxiety disorders and of ADHD. The presence of psychiatric disorders in WS did not appear to have a significant relationship to family history of psychiatric disorders, consistent with the hypothesis that the specific genetic alteration in WS causes, or contributes to causing, the anxiety disorders and the ADHD that are so common in the disorder. Populations with mental retardation (MR), especially those with known genetic alterations, offer a window into the effects of genes on determining cognition and behavior. Populations with MR are known to have increased rates of emotional distress and mental illness (1, 2). While estimates vary, the prevalence of
Relationship between Strategic Orientation and Organizational Performance in Born Global: A Critical Review

Existing empirical evidence on relationship between strategic orientation and organizational performance is mixed; moderators and mediators are therefore introduced. Since the relationship may differ from one organization to another in various background, this article offers a critical literature review in the context of born global and explores relevant empirical literatures from direct effect on strategic orientation and organizational performance to moderating effect and mediating effect. Besides, dimensions and measurement of constructs are discussed and further research directions are provided finally.
The effect of plant polyphenols on the antioxidant defence system of weaned piglets subjected to an Escherichia coli challenge

1 Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy 2 Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture Zhongguancun Nandajie 12, 100081 Beijing, China 3 Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
voiding lodging in irrigated spring wheat . II . Genetic variation of tem and root structural properties

Lodging-related traits were evaluated on the CIMMYT Core spring wheat Germplasm Panel (CIMCOG) in the Yaqui Valley of North-West Mexico during three seasons (2010–2013). Genetic variation was significant for all the lodging-related traits in the cross-year analysis, however, significant G × E interaction due to rank changes or changes in the absolute differences between cultivars were identified. The inconsistences on cultivar performances across seasons particularly reduced the heritability of key characters related to root lodging resistance (anchorage strength). Target characters related to stem lodging resistance (stem strength) showed good heritability values equal or above 0.70. Positive correlations between stem strength and stem diameter and between root plate spread and root strength were found. Selecting for greater stem diameter and wall width, greater root plate spread and shorter plant height could enable breeders to increase lodging resistance by increasing stem strength, root strength and decreasing lant height plant leverage, respectively. Achieving a lodging-proof crop will depend on finding a wider root plate spread and implementing new management strategies. Genetic linkages between lodging traits will not constrain the combination of the key lodging-trait dimensions to achieve a lodging-proof ideotype. However, strong association between stem strength and stem wall width will increase the total biomass cost needed for lodging resistance. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND
Efficient DNA Cleavage Induced by RhIII(TMPyP)5+ in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid

The ability of Rh(III) tetrakis-N-methylpyridyl porphyrin, Rh III (TMPyP) 5+ , to interact with and cleave DNA was, investigated by UV-visible, luminescence, circular dichroism (CD), electron spin resonance (ESR) and gel electrophoresis methods in the presence or absence of ascorbic acid. UV-absorption data showed that Rh III (TMPyP) 5+ is capable of interacting with DNA, as indicated by the appearance of a red shift and hypochromicity of the Soret band. The CD data revealed that Rh III (TMPyP) 5+ was capable of binding to DNA via an external binding mode. The Rh III (TMPyP) 5+ showed fluorescence and phosphorescence at room temperature. The phosphorescence increased in the presence of DNA and this could be attributed to the shielding of the metal-porphyrin by DNA. Gel electrophoresis studies revealed that Rh III (TMPyP) 5+ was only able to cleave DNA in the presence of the reducing agent ascorbic acid. ESR data indicated the formation of Rh II (TMPyP) 5+ by reduction of Rh III (TMPyP) 5+ with ascorbic acid. The involvement of Rh(III)/Rh(II) species in catalytic DNA