Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Critical Thinking in Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language; Teacher’s Competence

Critical thinking is acknowledged as one of the important skills that is essential in the 21 st century education. Although critical thinking is not on the mandated list of educational goals in Arabic language teaching, it has been understood as the learning outcome of all lessons. Given the importance of critical thinking, it is crucial to have a thorough grasp of what it entails. The majority of critical thinking research looks at students' critical thinking ability using a quantitative instrument that operationalizes a certain conceptualization. However, there is still limited study on the strateg ies used by teachers in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills. The lack of such understanding makes it difficult to design effective teaching strategy and interventions. The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore the elements of personal competency that Arabic language teachers need to encourage critical thinking in the classroom. In this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted on six experts in the Arabic language education at secondary school and public university. Transcriptions of the data were analyzed to generate matrix tables and themes through NVivo version.12. The findings revealed four primary themes through thematic analysis of the interview transcripts represented by 15 subthemes in terms of teacher’s personal competences ; (i) content mastery competence; (ii) pedagogical competence; (iii) communication competence, and (iv) organizational competence. However, the ways in which these themes appeared varied considerably among the experts. These results point to the variety of ways in which teachers can be expected to think critically. In respect to the findings of this study, some recommendations have been proposed for upcoming researches underpinning critical thinking competence as the main focus include the diversity of research type and data analysis techniques.
The Role of Hormones in Fruit Set and Development

This subject has been reviewed periodically by Nitsch (60) in 1953, Luckwill (53) in 1959, Leopold (47) in 1962, and lastly by Crane (19) in 1964. It has been pointed out repeatedly that the seeds in fruits are rich sources particularly of auxins, but also of gibberellins and cytokinins as well. Various types of evidence would indicate that these hormones emanating from the seeds stimulate growth of the fruit tissues surrounding them and also control fruit abscission. For example, in many fruits marked correlations exist between seed number and ultimate fruit size and also between seed distribution and fruit shape. Fruits that absciss prematurely are usually multi-seeded ones with a lower seed content than normal, or are single or multi-seeded fruits in which the seeds abort.
Lipidomics and Transcriptome Reveal the Effects of Feeding Systems on Fatty Acids in Yak’s Meat

The differences of fatty acids in yak’s meat under graze feeding (GF) and stall feeding (SF) regimes and the regulation mechanism of the feeding system on the fatty acids content in yak ’s meat was explored in this study. First, the fatty acids in yak’s longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were detected by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). Compared with GF yaks, the absolute content of ΣSFAs, ΣMUFAs, ΣUFAs, ΣPUFAs and Σn-6PUFAs in SF yak’s LD were higher, whereas Σn-3PUFAs was lower; the relative content of ΣMUFAs, ΣPUFAs, Σn-3PUFAs and ΣUFAs in SF yak’s LD were lower, whereas ΣSFAs was higher. The GF yak’s meat is healthier for consumers. Further, the transcriptomic and lipidomics profiles in yak’s LD were detected by mRNA-Sequencing (mRNA-Seq) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS), respectively. The integrated transcriptomic and lipidomics analysis showed the differences in fatty acids were caused by the metabolism of fatty acids, amino acids, carbohydrates and phospholipids, and were mainly regulated by the FASN, FABP3, PLIN1, SLC16A13, FASD6 and SCD genes in the PPAR signaling pathway. Moreover, the SCD gene was the candidate gene for the high content of ΣMUFA, and FADS6 was the candidate gene for the high content of Σn-3PUFAs and the healthier ratio of Σn-6/Σn-3PUFAs in yak meat. This study provides a guidance to consumers in the choice of yak’s meat, and also established a theoretical basis for improving yak’s meat quality.
Assessing local farmer’s perspectives on the role of bat in providing ecosystem services in the Batang Toru ecosystem, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract. Harahap HA, Yonariza. 2022. Assessing local farmer’s perspectives on the role of bat in providing ecosystem services in the Batang Toru ecosystem, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4322-4328. Bats play an important role as pollinators in maintaining the ecosystem services and improving the local economy in Batang Toru Ecosystem (BTE). However, the anthropogenic impacts negatively affect their sustainability, making the evaluation of their services increasingly needed. This study was conducted to examine the local farmers’ action against bats in BTE. The objectives were to analyze: (1) farmers’ knowledge of the role of bats in ecosystem services, (2) the perception of bats, (3) awareness of bat population loss and its impact on durian production, and (4) farmers' actions against bats on their land. The results showed that 1 out of 7 farmers exhibited negative actions toward bats in their agroforest lands. They also had significantly low knowledge about bat services in agroforestry. Most farmers regarded bats as meat for food and medicine rather than as pollinators of durian fruits. We recommend that the government and conservation institutions carry out initiatives to educate farmers regarding the importance of bat services, and conservation efforts should be made to maintain the viable population of bats.
Application Analysis of Overlapping Community Detection Algorithms for Multidimensional Network Big Data and IoT

Capture the design and elements of these layers. Each layer corresponds to an alternative connection type between hubs in the normal world and requires tracking down communities in multidimensional networks. Most community disclosure approaches for multidimensional networks, then again, may ignore the transaction between layers or a layer’s unmistakable topological construction. Moreover, most of them are just equipped for distinguishing nonoverlapping communities. In this exploration, we offer another multidimensional network community disclosure strategy that exploits the connection among layers and the extraordinary geography of each layer to track down overlapping communities. First, use an overall assessment of edge behavior within and between layers to calculate the similarity of edges from similar layers and cross layers. You can then use these similarities to build a dendrogram of a multidimensional network that takes into account both characteristic topology structures and basic transactions. Finally, you can remove the overlapping communities in these layers by splitting the dendrogram and adding another community thickness metric for the multidimensional network. We show that our strategy is precise in recognizing overlapping communities in multidimensional networks by applying it to both manufactured and genuine world datasets. In chart and enormous information examination, community detection is a commonplace issue. It involves finding groups of firmly associated hubs with little associations with hubs outside the bunch. Distinguishing communities in huge scope networks, specifically, is a basic errand in numerous logical fields. In the writing, community detection techniques have been demonstrated to be wasteful, bringing about the improvement of communities with uproarious communications. To defeat this requirement, a framework that decides the best community among multifaceted networks in light of important determination standards and substance dimensionality should be created, eliminating loud communications in a continuous setting. Our outcomes likewise show that it is vital to utilize integral measurements to assess the exhibition of overlapping community detection calculations. Performance metrics, such as the NMI or the Omega Index, only measure the overall quality of a detected cover, whereas complementary metrics give us more information about the behavior of each algorithm in detecting overlapping communities. Finally, while some algorithms perform well on synthetic networks, none of the algorithms can detect the community structure in real networks. This is due to the detected communities of the algorithms being substantially different from the communities defined by the meta-data.
Reducibility of cocycles under a Brjuno-Rüssmann arithmetical condition

The arithmetics of the frequency and of the rotation number play a fundamental role in the study of reducibility of analytic quasi-periodic cocycles which are sufficiently close to a constant. In this paper we show how to generalize previous works by L.H. Eliasson which deal with the diophantine case so as to implement a Brjuno-Russmann arithmetical condition both on the frequency and on the rotation number. Our approach adapts the Poschel-Russmann KAM method, which was previously used in the problem of linearization of vector fields, to the problem of reducing cocycles.
Determination of the most reliable method for the evaluation of formaldehyde emissions from wood-based panels produced by an Italian leading company in the furniture sector

For wood-based panels, is possible to apply two different testing methodologies for formaldehyde emissions (gas analysis (GA) method and chamber method), respectively, regulated by UNI EN717-2:1996 and UNI EN717-1:2004; the analysis procedures have many differences, with regard to the equipment, the dimensions of samples and the testing environment parameters (temperature and relative humidity). The aim was to identify the most reliable method, by evaluating the technical results obtained, as well as by making a supporting statistical analysis aimed at the definition of the agreement degree between the two methodologies. In detail, we individuated the nine most used wood-based panels by a kitchens producer and we performed two different types of analysis: the GA method and chamber method. As properly described in this paper, the chamber method has a higher reliability due to the more realistic environmental testing conditions; moreover, we have demonstrated a low correlation between the two methodologies.
A Comprehensive Neuropsychological Study of Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Its Relationship with Psychosocial Functioning: A Biopsychosocial Approach

BACKGROUND: Over the past few years, there has been an increasing interest in viewing the diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) through the lens of the biopsychosocial model. However, other than a few epidemiological surveys, there is a dearth of studies from emerging economies that have examined FH using the biological, psychological, and socio-environmental facets of the aforementioned model. AIM. The three aims of the current study were as follows: (i) to examine the psychosocial status among patients with genetically confirmed FH, (ii) to compare their intellectual capacity and cognitive outcomes with a reference group, and (iii) to examine the relationship between health literacy and cognitive functioning. METHOD: Consecutive FH patients referred to the lipid clinic at a tertiary care center for an expert opinion were recruited into this study conducted from September 2019 to March 2020. Information regarding psychosocial functioning, health literacy, quality of life, and affective ranges was surveyed. Indices of current reasoning ability and cognition (attention and concentration, memory, and executive functioning) were compared with a socio-demographically-matched reference group. The current hypothesis also explored the impact of FH on health literacy and cognition. RESULT: A total of 70 participants out of 106 (response rate: 66.0%) initially agreed to participate. However, 18 out of 70 dropped out of the study, yielding a final total of 52 FH patients. With 27 (51.9%) males and 25 (48.1%) females, the mean participant age stood at 37.2 years (SD = 9.2), ranging from 21 to 52 years of age. In the psychosocial data, thirty-two percent (n = 17) of them had anxiety (HADS ≥ 8), and twenty-five percent (n = 13) had depressive symptoms (HADS ≥ 8). The performance of the FH patients was significantly impaired compared to the control group on the indices of current reasoning ability and all domains of cognitive functioning. In the univariate analysis conducted to compare cognitive functioning with health literacy status, only indices of attention and concentration emerged as being significant. CONCLUSION: The current study indicates that the FH population is marked with impediments in biopsychosocial functioning, including indices tapping into the integrity of health literacy, quality of life, affective ranges, and higher functioning such as cognition and current reasoning ability when compared with a socio-demographically-matched reference group. The present results support the hypothesis that chronic diseases vis-à-vis the sequelae of coronary artery disease can potentially impede biopsychosocial functioning.
The Effect of Thai Traditional Play Program on Speed and Agility in Male Students in the Upper Primary School

The purpose of the research was to study and compare the effect of Thai Traditional Play program on the speed and agility of Upper primary school male students. Group samples consisted of 32 male students from Chumchonsampraw School in Udonthani province. The test group (N = 16) was trained with both the Thai Traditional Play program and physical education activity and the control group was trained with physical education activity only. The training 60 min per day, 3 days per week, for 8 weeks. A personal questionnaire was collected and a speed test by using running 50 m and an agility test by using running a zig-zag course. All parameters were measured baseline, at week 4 and 8, respectively. The data were analyzed by using percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test and One-way analysis of variance with repeated measure. Scheffe was compared at the statistical significance level at p < 0.05. The results showed that the speed and agility of the experimental group before, after the 4th and after the eight weeks were found to be significantly at 0.05 level. But control group found not significantly at 0.05 level. This research suggests that Thai Traditional Play program could increase speed and agility of male students in the Upper primary school. HIGHLIGHTS Thai Traditional play is an activity based on running skills. Walking skills and mobility Thai Traditional play is an exercise because while playing, the child moves the body and every muscle, thus affecting the development of speed and agility Speed ​​and agility are basic skills that elementary school students need to be trained in to have basic movements appropriate for their age GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
LEVERAGING SMARTPHONE AFFORDANCES FOR EFL EMERGENCY REMOTE TEACHING

This study will benefit educators, curriculum developers, and researchers interested in the affordance of mobile ICT for education and especially how smartphones can be leveraged to provide better online learning outcomes for emergency remote teaching. The current global health concerns have forced many educators to rapidly adapt learning materials intended for in-class use to online activities. This research developed from this sudden need to understand how ICT could be efficiently leveraged to create an emergency remote teaching off-site learning environment for EFL learners in Japan. A questionnaire was employed to better understand the learners' degree of smartphone adoption in relation to their EFL collaborative educational activities. The goal was to use an exploratory data analysis technique (biplots) to gain a better insight into the current affordances that the students feel the smartphone offers. This information could then inform the migration of educational materials. The results indicate that during collaborative learning activities, for this sample population, communicating through email/texting was by far the most widespread use of the smartphone. This is followed by the less popular voice communications and internet use. In addition, the results support the idea that students perceive the smartphone as an anytime and anywhere device in the sense that it is carried by them throughout the day. Finally, in the context of the study, students used the smartphone as an electronic dictionary regularly and as an internet information gathering tool.
Behavior response, growth, and structure of the eye retinal layer in juvenile Seabass, Lates calcarifer: Light-induced changes

Light is a key environmental factor that is strongly related to fish activity and behavior. Exposure to certain wavelengths is known to affect growth performance and survival of teleost larvae and juveniles. Our study aimed to determine the effects of exposure to three light sources [red (710 nm), blue (453 nm) and green (510 nm)] on growth performance, behavioral response, visibility (time to eat, in minutes), and the structure of the retinal layer in juvenile [approx. 4.3 cm in total length (N = 30)] seabass (Lates calcarifer). Fish were acclimated to the three light conditions for four weeks prior to data collection. Behavioral responses, including schooling organization, swimming speed, time to consume prey, and feeding response, were all improved in juveniles reared under red light (710 nm). Preliminary histological observations revealed that fish from the red-light environment have the thickest retina layers and the highest density of photoreceptors. Our data suggest that red light is useful in the aquaculture of juvenile L. calcarifer.
Physics Teachers’ Perceptions about Their Judgments within Differentiated Learning Environments: A Case for the Implementation of Technology

There is a national shift in the new Indonesian curriculum towards employing differentiated learning approaches in addressing the diversity of students’ needs and abilities. A teachers’ judgment evidently corresponds to the duty required of physics teachers to monitor their students at an individual level. Within the context of Indonesian physics education research (PER), empirical study addressing this subject is still lacking. To fill this gap, eight Indonesian physics teachers’ experiences and limitations about their judgments within differentiated learning environments have been investigated through phenomenological study. Physics teachers were voluntarily recruited after they declared their endorsement and personal consent to participate in the study. Our participants were distributed over several teaching experiences, geographic regions, and information and communication technology (ICT) experiences. The latter experience might be taken into account since, through this study, upcoming developmental research will be projected on engaging recent technological approaches to address the limitations of teachers’ judgments. Online semi-structured interviews (~50 min) were conducted by the first author to all physics teachers involved. Other authors contributed in reviewing the interview protocol and training the first author’s pilot interview. The model of teachers’ thought and action, from Clark and Peterson, was implemented to uncover physics teachers’ experiences and limitations in making judgments within a diverse group of students. The findings revealed that physics teachers have conceded that they should dynamically adapt the learning process in order to meet heterogeneous students’ performances. Personal observation has mainly informed teachers in identifying students’ differences. After students have been identified, the teachers creatively designed learning transformations to accommodate the wide spectrum of students’ abilities. Nevertheless, several limitations were discovered as being encountered by physics teachers, particularly in terms of judgments’ equity and accuracy, as well as the teachers’ workloads. To overcome this, the teachers indicated various and supportive attitudes about technological implementations that would assist their judgments. Ideas for technological development were provided to address identified obstacles during the teachers’ judgments.
Distributed Conflict Resolution at High Traffic Densities with Reinforcement Learning

Future operations involving drones are expected to result in traffic densities that are orders of magnitude higher than any observed in manned aviation. Current geometric conflict resolution (CR) methods have proven to be very efficient at relatively moderate densities. However, at higher densities, performance is hindered by the unpredictable emergent behaviour from neighbouring aircraft. Reinforcement learning (RL) techniques are often capable of identifying emerging patterns through training in the environment. Although some work has started introducing RL to resolve conflicts and ensure separation between aircraft, it is not clear how to employ these methods with a higher number of aircraft, and whether these can compare to or even surpass the performance of current CR geometric methods. In this work, we employ an RL method for distributed conflict resolution; the method is completely responsible for guaranteeing minimum separation of all aircraft during operation. Two different action formulations are tested: (1) where the RL method controls heading, and speed variation; (2) where the RL method controls heading, speed, and altitude variation. The final safety values are directly compared to a state-of-the-art distributed CR algorithm, the Modified Voltage Potential (MVP) method. Although, overall, the RL method is not as efficient as MVP in reducing the total number of losses of minimum separation, its actions help identify favourable patterns to avoid conflicts. The RL method has a more preventive behaviour, defending in advance against nearby neighbouring aircraft not yet in conflict, and head-on conflicts while intruders are still far away.
Integrin β3-PKM2 pathway-mediated aerobic glycolysis contributes to mechanical ventilation-induced pulmonary fibrosis

Background: Mechanical ventilation (MV) can induce pulmonary fibrosis. This study aims to investigate whether MV-induced pulmonary fibrosis is associated with aerobic glycolysis and seeks to uncover the underlying mechanisms mediated by integrin β3-pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) pathway. Methods: PKM2 knockdown or inhibition, integrin β3 knockout or inhibition and wild-type mice were exposed to MV (20 mL/kg) for 2 h. Results: Mice exposed to MV exhibited increased expression of collagen deposition, and upregulation of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I in lung tissues. Single cells analysis showed that MV-induced pulmonary fibrosis was associated with increased gene expression of integrin and glycolysis in pulmonary fibroblasts, as well as upregulation of glycolytic products tested by metabolomics. Meanwhile, increased protein level of integrin β3 and PKM2 was confirmed by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Double immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometric analysis showed increased number of fibronectin+/integrin β3+ and fibronectin+/PKM2+ fibroblasts in lung tissues. Furthermore, MV-induced aerobic glycolysis and pulmonary fibrosis were ameliorated after treatment with PKM2 knockdown-AAV and inhibition, or in integrin β3 knockout and inhibition mice. Conclusions: Integrin β3-PKM2 pathway-mediated aerobic glycolysis contributes to MV-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The inhibition of aerobic glycolysis targeting integrin β3-PKM2 pathway may be a promising treatment for MV-induced pulmonary fibrosis.