Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlated Evolution of Dichogamy and Self‐Incompatibility: A Phylogenetic Perspective

Historically, dichogamy, the temporal separation of male and female function in flowering plants, has been interpreted as a mechanism for avoiding inbreeding. However, a comparative survey found that many dichogamous species are self‐incompatible (SI), indicating dichogamy evolved for other reasons. Here we reexamined the association between dichogamy and SI in a phylogenetic framework and tested the hypothesis that dichogamy evolved to reduce interference between male and female function. Using paired comparison and maximum likelihood correlation analyses, we found that protandry (male function first) is positively correlated with the presence of SI and protogyny (female function first) with self‐compatibility (SC). In addition, estimates of transition‐rate parameters indicated strong selection for the evolution of SC in protogynous taxa and a constraint against transitions from protandry to protogyny in SC taxa. We interpret these results as support for protandry evolving to reduce interference and protogyny to reduce inbreeding.
Grasp Planning for Three-Fingered Robot Hands using Taxonomy-Based Preformed Grasp and Object Primitives

In this paper, we present a grasp planning method using grasp taxonomy and object primitives. Our grasp taxonomy includes newly defined grasp methods such as thumb supported pinch and palm supported pinch, to enhance grasp robustness. On the target surface, locations of finger-print that will be contacted by the robot fingers are sampled. The sampling is made to be consistent to the grasp taxonomy, called preformed grasps, matched to the target object. We perform simulations to examine the validity and the efficacy of the proposed grasp planning method.
A multimethodological approach to study the spatial distribution of air pollution in an Alpine valley during wintertime

Abstract. In order to investigate the spatial distribution of air pollutants in the Inn valley (Tyrol, Austria) during wintertime, a joint field campaign of the three research projects ALPNAP (Monitoring and Minimisation of Traffic-Induced Noise and Air Pollution Along Major Alpine Transport Routes), INNAP (Boundary Layer Structure in the Inn Valley during high Air Pollution) and INNOX (NOx-structure in the Inn Valley during High Air Pollution) was carried out in January/February 2006. In addition to continuous ground based measurements, vertical profiles of various air pollutants and meteorological parameters were obtained on six selected days. For in-situ investigations, a tethered balloon was used to analyse the lowest atmospheric layers, 0–500 m above the valley bottom (a.v.b.), and a research aircraft sampled at 150–2200 m a.v. b. An aircraft equipped with an aerosol backscatter lidar performed nadir measurements at 3000 m a.v. b. Combined results from a typical day show a strongly polluted layer up to about 125 m a.v. b. in the morning. Around midday concentrations on the valley floor decrease indicating some vertical air exchange despite thermally stable conditions. Strong vertical and horizontal gradients with enhanced pollution levels along the sunny side of the valley up to 1300 m a.v. b. were observed in the afternoon. This vertical mixing due to thermally or dynamically driven slope winds reduces the concentration of air pollutants at the bottom of the valley and causes the formation of elevated pollution layers.
Determination of 2-Propenal Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to Gas Chromatography–Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry as a Marker for Authentication of Unrefined Sesame Oil

Ascertaining the authenticity of the unrefined sesame oil presents an ongoing challenge. Here, the determination of 2-propenal was performed by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) under mild temperature coupled to gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, enabling the detection of adulteration of unrefined sesame oil with refined corn or soybean oil. Employing this coupled technique, 2-propenal was detected in all tested refined corn and soybean oils but not in any of the tested unrefined sesame oil samples. Using response surface methodology, the optimum extraction temperature, equilibrium time, and extraction time for the HS-SPME analysis of 2-propenal using carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber were determined to be 55°C, 15 min, and 15 min, respectively, for refined corn oil and 55°C, 25 min, and 15 min, respectively, for refined soybean oil. Under these optimized conditions, the adulteration of unrefined sesame oil with refined corn or soybean oils (1–5%) was successfully detected. The detection and quantification limits of 2-propenal were found to be in the range of 0.008–0.010 and 0.023–0.031 µg mL−1, respectively. The overall results demonstrate the potential of this novel method for the authentication of unrefined sesame oil.
Consolidated study on query expansion

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv LIST OF TABLES vii Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview 1 1.1. Query Expansion Intro 2 Chapter 2: IR Models 6 2.1 The Boolean Model 6 2.2 The Statistical Models 9 2.2.1 Vector Space Model 9 2.2.2 Probabilistic Model 10 Chapter 3: Query Feedback 13 3.1 Relevance Feedback 15 3.1.1 Vector Processing Methods 18 3.1. 2 Probabilistic Feedback Methods 19 3.2 Relevance Feedback Evaluation 21 3.3 Online Relevance Judgments 27 Chapter 4: Query Expansion 29 4.1 Manual Query Expansion 29
Secure Leader Election for Intrusion Detection in MANET

This paper shows the leader election in presence of selfish nodes. To balance the resource consumption among the nodes and prolong the life time of manet. Nodes with highest resource should be elected as a leaders. But there is obstacles in doing so. First, node may lie about its available resources. Second, electing multiple leaders may leads to additional overhead. Considering first, solution is based on Mechanism design. It provides incentives to the nodes to honestly participate in the election process. The amount of incentives provide to the nodes is based on Vickrey, Clarke, and Groves (VCG) model. Considering second, series of algorithms are there to address optimal leader election.
An improved PageRank algorithm for Social Network User's Influence research

In social networks, Micro Blog has become the most widely used social networking platform. Mining valuable customers is particularly important in the large-scale micro-blog user group, and the influence of the user become the main measure to estimate the user's value. Based on the similarity of micro-blog user groups and Internet node characteristics in structure, this paper proposed an improved PageRank algorithm by user forwarding rate and activity degree estimate the user's influence. Experiment results show that the improved algorithm has good convergence and the influence of the micro blog users can estimate effectively and objectively.
Does Educational Compatibility Effect on Knowledge Sharing Intention In E-Learning System? A Motivational Factor Analysis in Open University Malaysia (OUM)

The purpose of this paper is to examine the educational compatibility factor influence intention to share knowledge in ELearning system within Open University Malaysia (OUM). Moreover, its objective is to identify the relationship between educational compatibility and attitude to share and intention to share in E-learning system. The current research expands a theoretical framework of online knowledge sharing factors with the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). An online questionnaire survey was applied to collect data and the analysis was completed according to583 responses from students who act in EL system of Open University Malaysia (OUM). A semi-structured interview was constructed with 10 participants who were facilitators and teachers in EL system of OUM as the case study to achieve knowledge sharing comprehensible and understandable intention. The outcomes of the study survey and interview support the fundamental statement that educational compatibility direct to influence intention to share knowledge well.
Principal-Principal Conflicts and Socioemotional Wealth in Family Firms

Corporate governance is the concern of all the parties throughout the world regarding their viability in order to ensure the sustainability of the firm. As the family firms are listed in the public exchange, there are different kind of the investors in the corporation produce the resolution that are opposing to each other. Moreover, the large capital that is injected by the institutional investor complicates the role played in the corporation that shapes the culture and philanthropy. The phenomenon leads to the complex relationship in one corporation due to the different types of interest. Board composition and board independence are stretched by numerous scholars regarding the core importance in the corporation. Executive compensation is another area of corporate governance that is widely discussed by the scholars regarding the relationship with the long-term firm performance. Therefore, this review paper will focus on the application of the Principal-principal Conflicts theory and Socio-Emotional Wealth theory to narrate the whole scenario of the governance practice in the family firm. Throughout the paper, current rigorous practice of the family firms will be deeply investigated to cover the deep insights of the current phenomenon. The meticulous review of this paper is able to synthesize the significance of these theories towards the general governance setting in the family firms. Eventually, the working paradigm of the family firm can be clearly justified with the rationale that is justified. At the end of the review, the two main theories are concluded to be equally essential to illustrate the corporate governance practice in family firms across the globe.
Sliding Intermittent Control for BAM Neural Networks with Delays

This paper addresses the exponential stability problem for a class of delayed bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural networks with delays. A sliding intermittent controller which takes the advantages of the periodically intermittent control idea and the impulsive control scheme is proposed and employed to the delayed BAM system. With the adjustable parameter taking different particular values, such a sliding intermittent control method can comprise several kinds of control schemes as special cases, such as the continuous feedback control, the impulsive control, the periodically intermittent control, and the semi-impulsive control. By using analysis techniques and the Lyapunov function methods, some sufficient criteria are derived for the closed-loop delayed BAM neural networks to be globally exponentially stable. Finally, two illustrative examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme and the obtained theoretical results.
Food-Related Lifestyle Segments in Taiwan: Application of the Food-Related Lifestyle Instrument

Problem statement: This study applied the Food-Related Lifestyle (FRL) instrument for market segmentation in the Taiwan food sector. FRL instrument was originally developed by the Market-Based Product and Process Development in Danish (MAPP) research group, the instrument was adjusted for the Chinese food culture. The FRL instrument is wildly applied to empirical market analysis, especially in European nations. Its reliability and validity are also empirically proven. The present study serves as the first attempt to employ the FRL instrument to explore food-related lifestyle segments in Taiwan. Approach: A short questionnaire was issued to 650 Taiwanese consumers using quota sampling procedures and 565 valid responses were collected. Using the two-step cluster analysis, four distinct food-related consumer lifestyle segments were identified. Results: The four segments includes: traditional consumers (23.54%), adventurous consumers (27.61%), uninvolved consumers (24.07%) and astute consumers (24.78%). Conclusion/Recommendations: Comparison showed that these segments differ in their attitudes and behaviors towards food consumption. Profiles of the segments are achieved by observing the socio-demographic characteristics of typical segment members.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PRODUCTS MADE OF ABS WITH RESPECT TO INDIVIDUALITY OF FDM PRODUCTION PROCESSES

Nowadays the technologies originally developed only for prototype production are involved among modern production techniques. This trend is induced mainly by developing of new materials and very effective improvement of rapid prototyping production methods and tools. The resulting mechanical properties of the products are now fully comparable with the properties of parts produced with using the technologies modified for batch production (e.g. injection moulding or blow moulding etc.). This article deals with comparing the flexural and tensile properties of specimens produced by injection moulding technology and by FDM technology, particularly using three different 3D printers (Dimension SST 768, Fortus 450 and Rep Rap). The part orientation within the build envelope of selected FDM machines is another aspect that was evaluated and that had significant impact on part behaviour of printed parts. All the analysed specimens were made of thermoplastic ABS.
EARLINET: Lidar algorithm intercomparison.

Institut für Troposphärenforschung, Leipzig, Germany. Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany. Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Greece. Institute Pierre Simone Laplace, Paris-Jussieu, France. Dipartimento di Fisica and I.N. F.M. Unità di Lecce, Italy. Observatory of Neuchâtel, Switzerland. Physics Department, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom. Fraunhofer-Institut für Atmosphärische Umweltforschung, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. Lidar Group, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland. Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Greece. Department of Physics, Università degli Studi, L’Aquila, Italy. Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. Leibniz-Institut für Atmosphärenphysik an der Universität Rostock e.V. , Germany. Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus. I.N. F.M. and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche Università di Napoli, Italy. Meteorologisches Institut der Universität München, Germany.
SUNFLOWER MORPHOLOGY AND YIELD AS AFFECTED BY FOLIAR APPLICATIONS OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS

Plant height of sunflower is a major agronomic trait affecting crop performance in the field and its adaptation to mechanical harvest. Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of foliar application of paclobutrazol (PBZ) at 12.5 g ai/ha, mepiquat chloride (MPC) at 25.0 g ai/ha and chlormequat chloride (CCC) at 1,500 g ai/ha in single or double applications on sunflower plant morphology, growth and achene yield and oil content. Single applications of PBZ or MPC reduced sunflower plant height at maturity by 11.1% and 11.7%, respectively. Single applications of PBZ, MPC or CCC did not reduce the above ground dry weight of the plants, provided similar achene yield per plant and 100-achenes weight compared with those of the non-treated control, whereas increased the total number of achenes as well as the number of filled achenes per capitulum. Double applications of PBZ, MPC or CCC reduced plant height by 13.9%, 15.6% and 13.4%, respectively, but proved in certain cases to have a phytotoxic effect on achene and oil production. Double application of PBZ resulted in lower achene and oil yield than the non-treated control, whereas double application of MPC resulted in lower above ground dry weight at maturity, achene yield and 100-achenes weight. Double application of CCC resulted in reduced 100-achenes weight. Overall, PBZ and MPC under the single dose scheme applied can reduce plant height in sunflower without adverse effects on achene and oil yields, thus providing a basis for reducing the risk of plant lodging.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. papaveris: a new forma specialis isolated from iceland poppy (Papaver nudicaule)

Symptoms of a new vascular wilt were observed on several plants of Papaver nudicaule cultivated at the Regional Institute for Floriculture in Sanremo and in a nursery near Ventimiglia, Liguria region, Northern Italy. Morphology and ITS sequence analysis characterize the pathogen as Fusarium oxysporum . To identify the forma specialis , eight isolates obtained from infected tissues were used for a phylogenetic analysis based on translation elongation factor 1-α ( EF-1α ) gene and four polygalacturonase genes ( Pg1 , Pg5 , Pgx1 and Pgx4 ). After amplification by PCR, the gene sequences were aligned with corresponding sequences from other formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum obtained from GenBank databases in order to build phylogenetic trees. Results obtained for each genomic region showed that the isolates derived from P. nudicaule form a unique group well separated from other formae speciales . To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. oxysporum on P. nudicaule and together with the phylogenetic analysis and positive pathogenicity tests permits us to introduce a new forma specialis named F. oxysporum f. sp. papaveris.
How predictable are prices of agricultural commodities? The possibilities and constraints of forecasting wheat prices

Wheat price forecasts are very important for traders, farmers and politicians as well. However, only quite accurate price predictions can guide these groups towards making the best decisions. Therefore the well-known wheat price projections of both the OECD and the FAPRI from 1996 on are tested for their predictive accuracy using Theil's inequality coefficient. Despite the fact that both models could not foresee the price peak which occurred in February 2008, their predictions offer more accurate values than a naive prediction of no price change. Nevertheless, precise price forecasts cannot be expected by the models of the OECD and the FAPRI since some short-run effects such as inappropriate weather are not predictable. Thus, our own econometric model is developed taking the previous price development, the stocks-to-use-ratio and the crude oil price into account. In comparison to the projections of both institutions the model, with rather simple assumptions, was able to generate forecasts more accurately. In a simulation study which takes different crude oil price levels and stochastic effects of the world wheat consumption and the average yields per hectare into account, the possible wheat price range is shown as large. Therefore, price predictions can only inform about general longrun trends.
Effects of organizational trust on identification in a university hospital in Turkey

The organizational trust of professionals in the health sector and the levels of identification with their organizations are significant issues. In this respect we aimed to determine the levels of trust which employees at a university hospital in Konya, Turkey (235 employees) feel towards their organizations and the levels of identification with their organizations, and to discover the relationship between the levels of their organizational trust and organizational identification. We conducted our study between April -June 2013 and we used the questionnaire technique. The questionnaire consisted of demographic questions and organizational trust and organizational identification scales. The data were arranged in the SPSS and frequency, descriptive statistics, t test correlation and regression analyses were performed. As a result of the findings that emerged, the levels of healthcare employees’ trust in their organization and their identification with it were found to be high. A statistically significant difference was found by gender (male have higher average scores than female) between levels of organizational trust and organizational identification. Moreover, a very high and positive relationship (89% significance level) was found between healthcare employees’ trust and the level of identification.
Prediction of Stature From Hand Length and Breadth – An Anthropometric Study on Christian Garo tribal Bangladeshi females

Context: Body physique is influenced to a greater extent by climatic, hereditary, nutritional and racial factors. Since in Bangladesh variegated ethnic groups inhabit in different conditions, no single anthropometric formula is suitable. The stature prediction occupies relatively a central position in the anthropometric research. And estimation of stature of an individual from the mutilated or amputated limbs has obvious significance in the personal identification in the events of murders, accidents or natural disasters. The present study was undertaken to measure the stature, as well as some length and breadth of hand and to determine whether there is any correlation between the stature and the hand variables. And to estimate using respective multiplication factors the stature from these variables and to assess the effectiveness of the above estimations by comparing the ‘estimated' values with the ‘measured' values. Methods: The study was carried out with a total number of 100 Christian Garo adult females aged between 25 to 45 years. Hand length and breadth along with their stature were measured directly from the subjects by using anthropometric sliding, spreading calipers and measuring tape. The data were then statistically analyzed by computation to find out its normative value. Multiplication factors were estimated for estimating stature and comparison were made between measured and estimated stature using paired "t" test. Result: The mean normal values of the hand measurements (right and left hand length were 16.39 ± 0.72 cm and 16.33 ± 0.67 cm respectively and breadth of right and left hand were 7.22 ± 0.38 cm and 7.18 ± 0.3 cm respectively) and the stature (152.79 ± 5.62 cm) were found. The multiplication factors were estimated for the same hand measurements with the stature. Significant positive correlation was found in case of hand length with the stature. There was positive correlation (r=0.17, p=0.09 and r=0.15, p=0.12) between the stature and breadth of the right and left hand (Figure 3.21) but the result did not reach any statistically significant level. Key words: Anthropology; correlation; multiplication factor; stature DOI: 10.3329/bja.v8i1. 6105 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy January 2010, Vol. 8 No. 1 pp. 21-27
Matching Household Surveys with DHS Data to Create Nationally Representative Time Series of Poverty: An Application to Bolivia

In many developing countries, there does not exist a time series of nationally repre- sentative household budget or income surveys, while there often are urban household surveys as well as nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) which lack information on incomes. This makes an analysis of trends and determinants of poverty and inequality over a longer time period impossible. This is also the situation in Bolivia where there exist urban household surveys and nationally representative DHS since 1989, while nationally representative household income surveys only exist since 1997. In this paper, we adjust a technique developed for poverty mapping exercises to link urban household income surveys with DHS data to generate a nationally representative time series of household income data from 1989 to 1999. Our technique performs well on validation tests, is superior to proxying welfare with asset ownership in the DHS, and is able to generate new information on poverty and inequality in Bolivia.