Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How individual ethical frameworks shape physician trainees’ experiences providing end-of-life care: a qualitative study

Objectives The end of life is an ethically challenging time requiring complex decision-making. This study describes ethical frameworks among physician trainees, explores how these frameworks manifest and relates these frameworks to experiences delivering end-of-life care. Design We conducted semistructured in-depth exploratory qualitative interviews with physician trainees about experiences of end-of-life care and moral distress. We analysed the interviews using thematic analysis. Setting Academic teaching hospitals in the United States and United Kingdom. Participants We interviewed 30 physician trainees. We purposefully sampled across three domains we expected to be associated with individual ethics (stage of training, gender and national healthcare context) in order to elicit a diversity of ethical and experiential perspectives. Results Some trainees subscribed to a best interest ethical framework, characterised by offering recommendations consistent with the patient’s goals and values, presenting only medically appropriate choices and supporting shared decision-making between the patient/family and medical team. Others endorsed an autonomy framework, characterised by presenting all technologically feasible choices, refraining from offering recommendations and prioritising the voice of patient/family as the decision-maker. Conclusions This study describes how physician trainees conceptualise their roles as being rooted in an autonomy or best interest framework. Physician trainees have limited clinical experience and decision-making autonomy and may have ethical frameworks that are dynamic and potentially highly influenced by experiences providing end-of-life care. A better understanding of how individual physicians’ ethical frameworks influences the care they give provides opportunities to improve patient communication and advance the role of shared decision-making to ensure goal-aligned end-of-life care.
Sustained release tablet of theophylline by hot melt wax coating technology

Coating is one of the effective method used for sustaining the release of dosage form. There are various hydrophilic and hydrophilic polymers which are use to sustain the drug release. Waxes are one of the material which can be use to coat the drug in order to control the release. Coating with waxes can be achieved by dissolving it in suitable solvent or by hot melt wax coating. Hot melt coating technique defined as the application of fine layer of coating material in molten state over the substrate. Hot melt coating technique is widely used to coat granules, pellets and tablets in order to sustained the drug release, mask the bitter taste of drug, improve stability etc. Hot melt wax coatings have various advantages over wax solution coating. Toxicity of the organic solvent residues and the influence of environmental protection are major problems associated with solvent coating. The main goal of this study was to study the effect of different coating technique i.e. pan spray method and pan pour method on release pattern of theophylline and also to study the effect of different pore former like sodium laurel sulphate (SLS) and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) on release pattern. It was found that pan spray technique is the best technique to control the release due to uniform film formation, while pan pour method showed variation in release of drug from same batch this was due to non uniform coating of tablets and very low coating efficiency. If we compare the effect of pore former it was found that release of drug can be controlled by using suitable concentration of pore former while faster release was seen when SLS was used as a pore former in lower concentration than HPMC.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIS(N-METHYL-N-ETHANOL-DITHIOCARBAMATO)M(II) (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) AND BIS(N,N-(IMINODIETHYLENE)-BISPHTHALIMIDEDITHIOCARBAMATO)M(II) (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) COMPLEXES. SINGLE CRYSTAL X-RAY STRUCTURE OF BIS(DI(2-HYDROXYETHYL)-DITHIOCARBAMATO)ZINC(II)

Abstract M(nmedtc)2 and M(padtc)2 (where nmedtc− = N-methyl-N-ethanol-dithiocarbamate anion; padtc = N,N1 -(iminodiethylene)bisphthalimidedithiocarbamate anion; M = Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II)) complexes were synthesized and characterized. Zinc and cadmium complexes are tetra-hedral. Splitting of the vC-S band in Cd(nmedtc)2 indicates anisobidentate coordination of the ligand. The mercury analogue is polymeric. Thioureide vC-N bands for Cd(nmedtc)2 and Hg(padtc)2 appear at relatively low energy due to the large sizes of the cadmium and mercury ions in comparison with zinc. Thermal studies have been carried out. Unit cell constants of Zn(deadtc)2 are a = 29.017(2)A, b = 8.611(4)A, c= 14.045(2) A, β= 103.2(1)°, space group C2/c. The coordination polyhedron is a distorted trigonal bipyramid. Thioureide C-N is 1.489(5) A, which is significantly longer than observed in the corresponding diethyl analogue (1.325(9) A). Zn-Zn' is 3.485(3) A compared to 3.546(3) A observed in the diethyl analogue.
Microarray of DNA probes on carboxylate functional beads surface

The microarray of DNA probes with 5 -NH2 and 5 -Tex/3 -NH2 modified terminus on 10 μm carboxylate functional beads surface in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)- carbodiimide (EDC) is characterized in the present paper. It was found that the microarray capacity of DNA probes on the beads surface depends on the pH of the aqueous solution, the concentration of DNA probe and the total surface area of the beads. On optimal conditions, the minimum distance of 20 mer single-stranded DNA probe microarrayed on beads surface is about 14 nm, while that of 20 mer double-stranded DNA probes is about 27 nm. If the probe length increases from 20 mer to 35 mer, its microarray density decreases correspondingly. Mechanism study shows that the binding mode of DNA probes on the beads surface is nearly parallel to the beads surface.
Evaluating Empirical Lightning Parameterizations in Global Atmospheric Models

Lightning fundamentally influences atmospheric chemistry as it is the largest natural source of NOx in the upper troposphere. To include lightning, global models rely on experimental parameterizations. We use global atmospheric model diagnostics (2.0 × 2.5° horizontal resolution, 38°S–38°N, for the years 2012–2013) to evaluate three lightning parameterizations that are based on: (1) cloud top height, (2) vertical ice‐mass flux, and (3) meteorological variables including aerosols. We apply conversions between convective/cloud area and model grid box area in these calculations to compare each parameterization's spatial, temporal, and spectral characteristics with an observed lightning climatology from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Lightning Imaging Sensor. Domain‐wide median values of parameterized lightning differ from observations by a factor of 0.6–3.1. The three parameterizations depict spatial (Pearson correlation (r = 0.80–0.84) and temporal patterns (r = 0.79–0.95) that match observations well. The parameterized median land‐ocean lightning contrast ranges from a factor of 2.82 (using environmental factors with aerosols) to 596.0 (using cloud top height), compared to 22.9 in observations. One‐to‐one comparisons suggest that lightning parameterizations can explain approximately 55%–64% of the observed monthly lightning variance, depending on the parameterization. The highest correlation and minimum error bias statistics (e.g., Logarithmic Mean Bias, LMB) are found for the lightning parameterization that employs environmental factors with aerosols (r = 0.80, LMB = +0.002), whereas comparable correlation and generally higher error bias are found using vertical ice fluxes (r = 0.80, LMB = +0.27) and cloud top height (r = 0.74, LMB = −0.08). We show how the biases in lightning estimates are sensitive to uncertainties in the convective area and suggest ways to minimize bias overall.
A Twitter Social Contagion Monitor

We describe and validate a system for monitoring social contagions on Twitter: social movements, rumors, and emotional outbursts that spread from person to person in a viral manner. We use Twitter streams to monitor the spread of these phenomena through human social and information networks. This system, the contagion monitor, parses Twitter posts to identify emerging phenomena, as captured in hashtags, URLs, words and phrases, or account-handles, and then determines the extent to which a particular phenomenon spreads via the social network (in contrast to its spread via news broadcasts or independent adoption) and locates the contagion within Twitter communities. The monitor approximates the adoption threshold of a social contagion by measuring the fraction of Twitter users who were “infected” by the contagion (e.g., joined a particular social movement) after more than one of their friends had done so. Finally, the monitor makes a judgment about whether the phenomenon has reached critical mass, which is defined as the point where a social contagion begins spreading rapidly and breaches the social boundaries of its early adopter group. We test our prototype monitor on two data sources — an ongoing stream of tweets grouped by user-added hashtags and a collection of posts by a monitored set of Nigerian Twitter users — before productionalizing. We use the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform to evaluate the performance on both data sources. In both cases, we find that our approach successfully distinguishes between high-threshold and low-threshold social contagions.
Sensor Based Beam Tracking in Millimeter Wave Communications

The mobility management is of critical importance in millimeter wave communications. The directionality enforced by multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) and beamforming urges for a new paradigm of link maintenance in the 5G era. How to properly correct the direction choice from the mobile terminal in a real-time manner becomes a challenging problem with the dense deployment of 5G base stations. While the beam can be realigned with periodic trainings, the overhead is signiﬁcantly large. To this end, an efﬁcient sensor-aided technique for beam alignment is proposed. A thorough analysis with experimental data has been carried out for various scenarios, personal usages, and sensor fusion techniques. In addition to that, the performance of beam tracking has been analyzed. To overcome the misalignment caused by translation, in addition to rotation, a Kalman Filtering is used to track the direction of the base station by decoupling the translation and rotation in various motions. The tracking accuracy is further improved by reducing 50% of the alignment error. The proposed method is shown to reduce most of the beam training overhead in both outdoor and indoor scenarios.
In Vitro Bioactive Characteristics of Borate‐Based Glasses with Controllable Degradation Behavior

Silicate-based bioactive glasses undergo incomplete conversion to a calcium phosphate material after in vivo implantation, which severely limits their biomedical application. In this communication, novel borate-based glasses with controllable degradation behavior were developed and their bioactive potential was investigated in vitro. When immersed in a 0.02M K2HPO4 solution at 37°C, these glasses reacted to form a carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite (c-HA) on their surfaces, indicating their bioactive potential. The conversion rate to c-HA was controlled by adjusting the B2O3/SiO2 ratio in the glass composition. The results indicate the potential application of the borate-based bioactive glass as scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering.
Suppression of backside reflections from transparent substrates

A variety of simple non-destructive techniques were investigated to suppress backside reflections from transparent glass and plastic substrates. Different “glassy” materials such as translucent adhesive tape, white glue, grease, paint, and modelling clay were investigated and found to work well for substrate materials with refractive indices in the range of 1.35 to 1.60, including materials such as fused silica, float glass, display glass, microscope slides, plastic sheets, etc. These back-surface suppression techniques are also useful in suppressing anisotropic effects from plastic substrates. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multithreaded incremental solving for local search based metaheuristics with step chasing

This work introduces a multithreaded solving methodology for lo-cal search based metaheuristics. It runs a single local search that spreads move evaluations across multiple threads. To preserve incremental score calculation (delta evaluation) capabilities, which are essential for the performance of lo-cal search methods, the child threads reproduce the step of the main thread in a method we named step chasing. The proposed method is implemented within OptaPlanner, a Java-based open source solver, and can thus be used by anyone. The eﬀectiveness of the method is demonstrated using three meta-heuristics (Tabu Search, Simulated Annealing, Late Acceptance) on four dif-ﬁcult combinatorial optimization problems: the nurse rostering problem, the vehicle routing problem, the curriculum course timetabling problem and the cloud balancing problem. Extensive experiments are performed using up to 16 threads with a total of 5550 runs, with signiﬁcant speedups realized when more threads are available to the solver. All results are compared with a single threaded implementation, as well as a multi-walk approach. The greatest speedups take place with respect to the nurse rostering problem.
High‐Rate Copper Dissolution in Hydrochloric Acid Solution

The dissolution of copper in 1 M chloride solution was studied by steady-state (current-potential curves for various disk rotation rates) and transient measurements [frequency analysis of the electrochemical and electrohydrodynamical (EHD) impedance]. The anodic polarization curves present four regions according to the potential : one region of mixed kinetics followed by another of mass-transport control characterized by one plateau, followed by a second mixed kinetics region and a second plateau. The results obtained for the first domain of mixed kinetics and for the first plateau were previously published. In this work, the second mixed kinetics region is considered. From the analysis of the ac and EHD impedance measurements, it was shown that a transition between the presence and the absence of a CuCl salt layer occurs at a critical potential. The value of this critical potential depends on the rotation rate ; the higher the rotation rate, the higher the potential value. A model of kinetic dissolution for this transition is presented, and a coupling between the currents corresponding to the two reactions is demonstrated.
BINGE EATING DISORDERS; UPDATED AND EMERGING APPROACHES

Objective: Binge eating disorders (BED) recently become a global health care issue for clinicians with detrimental effects on all organ systems. A multidisciplinary strategy including pharmacotherapy is required for its management. Methods: This review is intended to comparatively evaluate the relative efficacy of different pharmacological agents in BED treatment with new therapeutic approaches, focusing on the clinical evidence and on Phase III randomized controlled trials. Results: Data suggest that certain treatments have advantages over placebos to reduce binge eating features; however, the small duration of such research with the lack of adequately sized trials was the major limitation in interpreting these findings. Furthermore, these medications are mostly not greatly efficient for BED associated with obesity except for topiramate, which markedly improves the features of binge episodes with weight loss. Till now, lisdexamfetamine is still the only drug with regulatory permission for BED therapy; however, its weight loss efficacy has not been established. Conclusion: Drugs alone or in combination approaches may be useful pharmacotherapies to yield promising outcomes acutely and over longerterm follow-up in the treatment of BED.
Incorporating Feature Selection in the Improved Stacking Algorithm for Online Learning Analysis and Prediction

—Online learning is becoming a common learning method in the field of education. The correct classification of online learners plays a vital role in solving the key issues such as low pass rates and high dropout rates. In this paper, we propose a improved ensemble algorithm for classifying learners, which integrates feature selection and the improved Stacking algorithm (Stacking-PMLR). One feature selection algorithm is Mean Decrease Impurity Algorithm based on Random Forest. It is used to investigate the learning behavior factors which contribute to class of learner. It is also used to select the most frequent features and to reduce the dimensions.  Analyzing learners’ behavior features by the feature selection algorithm, we know that a number of chapters, interaction days, interactions times and video viewed times are the most important factors. Learners’ behavior features from feature selection are used as the attribute input of Stacking-PMLR for classifying learners. After that, we use the multilevel improved ensemble algorithm Stacking-PMLR to classify learners. We improve the Stacking algorithms in terms of its hierarchical structure, data features representation, combination strategy and classification algorithm according to its own characteristics. We use the improved Stacking algorithm to construct the classification model. In addition, fifteen real world different type datasets in UCI machine learning repository are applied. The experimental results show that the improved Stacking algorithm has better performance in accuracy, precision and F 1. It also shows the feasibility of the Stacking-PMLR. Finally, we use feature selection and the Stacking-PMLR algorithm to classify the public dataset of the edX online learning platform. The experimental results show that the performance of Stacking-PMLR is better. It shows the practical value of the Stacking-PMLR in online learning prediction.
Commutativity of Term Rewriting Systems ∗

Commutativity is very useful in showing the Church-Rosser property for the union of term rewriting systems. This paper studies the critical pair technique for proving commutativity of term rewriting systems. Extending the concept of critical pairs between two term rewriting systems, a suﬃcient condition for commutativity is proposed. Using this condition, a new suﬃcient condition is oﬀered for the Church-Rosser property of left-linear term rewriting systems.
Locally Constructing Product Taxonomies from Scratch Using Representation Learning

Given a domain-specific set of concepts, local taxonomy construction (LTC) is the problem of ‘locally’ inducing the neighborhood of a concept (from the set of target concepts) without being given any example links. The problem, despite having practical importance, has received little research attention due to its difficulty (in contrast with link prediction, a problem that resembles it and has undergone broad study). In this paper, we present a formalism and deep empirical study on the LTC problem. In particular, we show that an innovative application of representation learning approaches from the natural language community could be adapted to tackle the problem, often quite effectively. We also present a detailed information retrieval (IR)-based methodology for evaluating these solutions on three real- world product datasets of varying sizes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to introduce the LTC problem, especially for e-commerce applications, and offer effective, nearly unsupervised, solutions, for addressing it on real-world data.
Linking Legal Data Across different Countries

The European Union is working towards harmonizing legislation across Europe, in order to improve cross-border interchange of legal information. This goal is supported for instance via standards such as the European Law Identifier (ELI) and the European Case Law Identifier (ECLI), which provide technical specifications for Web identifiers and suggestions for vocabularies to be used to describe metadata pertaining to legal documents in a machine readable format. Notably, these ECLI and ELI metadata standards adhere to the RDF data format which forms the basis of Linked Data, and therefore have the potential to form a basis for a pan-European legal Knowledge Graph. Unfortunately, to date said specifications have only been partially adopted by EU member states. In this paper we describe a methodology to transform the existing legal information system used in Austria to such a legal knowledge graph covering different steps from modeling national specific aspects, to population, and finally the integration of legal data from other countries through linked data. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach by exemplifying practical use cases from legal information search, which are not possible in an automated fashion so far.
Where You Go Matters

Data gathered from smartphones enables service providers to infer a wide range of personal information about their users, such as their traits, their personality, and their demographics. This personal information can be made available to third parties, such as advertisers, sometimes unbeknownst to the users. Leveraging location information, advertisers can serve ads micro-targeted to users based on the places they visited. Understanding the types of information that can be extracted from location data and implications in terms of user privacy is of critical importance. In this context, we conducted an extensive in-the-wild research study to shed light on the range of personal information that can be inferred from the places visited by users, as well as privacy sensitivity of the personal information. To this end, we developed TrackingAdvisor, a mobile application that continuously collects user location and extracts personal information from it. The app also provides an interface to give feedback about the relevance of the personal information inferred from location data and its corresponding privacy sensitivity. Our findings show that, while some personal information such as social activities is not considered private, other information such as health, religious belief, ethnicity, political opinions, and socio-economic status is considered private by the participants of the study. This study paves the way to the design of privacy-preserving systems that provide contextual recommendations and explanations to help users further protect their privacy by making them aware of the consequences of sharing their personal data.
The Photocatalysed Oxidation Of Phenol In WasteWater Using Advanced Oxidation Processes In AMass Transfer Efficient Bubble Column Reactor

The Cocurrent Downflow 'Contactor Reactor (CDCR) is a device of high mass transfer efficiency and the use of this efficient gas-liquid contacting device for the oxidation of aqueous solutions of phenol as a model pollutant has shown it to be a very effective technology in effecting the total degradation of phenol waste and all intermediate products. The CDCR was fitted with an internally mounted 1.0 kW UV lamp and reactions were carried out at 40-50 °C and 1 barg (202.6 kPa), with the reactor being operated in closed loop recycle mode. Complete mineralisation of 100 mg/1 phenol solutions was achieved in the CDCR in very short irradiation times and under very mild reaction conditions. HPLC analysis showed thai: the intermediates Pyragallol, Catechol, Benzenetriol and Hydroquinone were formed very readily and were found to be totally destroyed in very short irradiation times. Reactions were carried out in the pH rang 2.0-12.0, with the maximum rate being observed at pH 4.0, where 91% degradation for a reaction batch of 12 litres in total volume containing 100 mg/1 of phenol was achieved in 9 minutes of irradiation.