Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Timing for removing prophylactic drains after liver resection: an evaluation of drain removal on the third and first postoperative days

Background Conventionally, drains are removed from postoperative day (POD) 7 to POD 14 at our institute after hepatectomy (control group). This study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of drain removal in the early postoperative period. Methods Recently, we defined criteria for the early removal of drains: (I) a drain-fluid bilirubin level of below 3 mg/dL; (II) a drain discharge volume of less than 500 mL/day; and (III) no macroscopic signs of bleeding or infection. For patients meeting these criteria, drains were removed on POD 3 between January 2012 and February 2013 (POD 3 group) and on POD 1 between February and December 2013 (POD 1 group). The outcomes of these groups were then retrospectively compared. Results The median duration of the postoperative hospital stay was shorter in the POD 3 group (11 days) than in the control group (14 days) (P<0.0001). The incidence of drain infection was lower in the POD 3 group (1.2%) than in the control group (5.7%). Meanwhile, the incidences of bile leakage and complications were higher in the POD 1 group than in the POD 3 group. However, the incidences were almost the same when patients whose drains were actually removed on the predefined POD were compared. The intraoperative findings were also considered when removing the drains. Conclusions Drain removal on POD 3 may reduce the length of the postoperative hospital stay and the incidence of drain infection without impairing safety. To remove drains safely on POD 1, however, the intraoperative findings should also be considered.
‘I know I am just a student but.’: the challenges for educators in supporting students to develop their advocacy skills in protecting children

ABSTRACT The paper presents findings from an explorative qualitative study on the experiences of students of early childhood studies and primary initial teacher training programmes in England during professional practice placements. The research examined how students’ developing advocacy skills to safeguard and protect children were enabled in response to influential factors in their professional practice environments. The role of the university as the education provider is examined in view of the experiences of academic staff in supporting students in the event of a disclosure about a child protection concern. Bourdieu’s concept of Habitus is considered in relation to the student’s position in terms of the challenges and opportunities in developing their confidence and competency in finding their place and voice to advocate for vulnerable children. Given the critical role of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) practitioners and teachers in safeguarding children, this paper argues the need for more robust provision and integration of teaching advocacy within child protection studies for students as developing professionals.
Strategies in Brazil’s Higher Education and its Reflections

This article aims to identify the strategies used federal the institutions of higher education (IFES) located in the north-northeast of Brazil and its effect on the General index of courses (IGC) developed by the Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP). The methodology used consisted of a Survey among all the IFES 22 located in Northern and northeastern Brazil, evaluated by the IGC in the period between 2007 and 2011. The results show that the strategies that influenced the positioning of IFES evaluated in the IGC are scaling, monitoring of processes by means of indicators and information systems; the systematic assessment of faculty; systematic awareness of students with regard to the importance of National Examination performance of students (ENADE); the policy of support for the residence of students through scholarships; as well as the creation and excellent functioning of coordination of the MEETING (program support the restructuring plans and expansion of Federal Universities); as well as the Commission Own assessment CPA; logo should be considered in the planning of IFES. Keywords— Evaluation and regulation; University Management; College Ranking; Higher Education.
Linking Work-Family Conflict (WFC) and Talent Management: Insights from a Developing Country

Considering the profound societal change taking place in several developing countries, the objective of this paper is to reflect on work-family conflict (WFC) both as a concept and a social phenomenon. Given that WFC is a concept rooted in academic debate focusing on developments in Western, largely individualistic, societies, this paper reconsiders WFC’s value added as applied in a context of a collectivist society in a developing country. The objective of this paper is thus threefold, i.e., (i) to assess WFC’s applicability in a context of a collectivist society in a developing country, where the position and role of women gradually changes; (ii) to develop a culturally adjusted/sensitive scale to measure the scope of WFC in Pakistan, whereby the latter is treated here as a case study; and (iii) to reflect on the possibility of devising a set of good practices that would allow a smooth inclusion of women in the formal workforce, while at the same time mitigating the scope and scale of WFC. The value added of this paper stems from these three objectives.
The impact of physical disability on activities of daily living of physically disabled persons attending tertiary care centre of Nagpur using Barthel’s scale: a cross-sectional study

As per the World Health Organization’s (WHO) World Report on Disability, over a billion people are with disabilities and represent over 15% of the world’s population. As per the Census 2011, in India, there were 2.21% are ‘disabled’. Disability felt as a result of the interaction between a person with a health condition and a particular environmental context. Individuals having similar health conditions may not be similarly disabled or share the same perception of their disability and depending on their environmental adaptations. It is a multifaceted aspect, reflecting the interaction between the peculiarities of a person’s body and the characteristics of the society in which he or she lives. Overcoming the difficulties confronted by people with disabilities needs interventions to remove environmental and social barriers.
Geometric constraints on energy transfer in the turbulent cascade

The energy cascade is the most significant feature that separates turbulence from other unsteady flows, and results from the behavior of the nonlinear term in the Navier–Stokes equations. The mathematical form of of this term, however, places constraints on exactly how it can act. Here, we consider the action of the nonlinear term in physical space rather than in Fourier space, where the energy transfer between scales can be interpreted as a mechanical process where some scales do work on others. This formulation reveals the fundamental role played by geometry, as work can only be done when the eigenframes of the turbulent stress and strain rate are appropriately aligned. By comparing a direct numerical simulation of the Navier–Stokes equations, an ensemble of random solenoidal vector fields, and a random sampling of uniform eigenframe alignments, we show that this geometric alignment plays a much stronger role in determining the flux between scales than do the magnitudes of the stress and strain rate. We also show that when the alignment is effectively two-dimensional, even when embedded in a three-dimensional flow, that the energy flux is typically inverse, suggesting that the inverse cascade in two-dimensional turbulence may have a kinematic origin. Our results point to some potentially fruitful directions for turbulence modeling.
Effect of crystallinity on the recovery rate of superhydrophobicity in plasma-nanostructured polymers

This study explored the optimum conditions to achieve superhydrophobicity in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in terms of crystallinity and microstructure. Surface superhydrophobicity was achieved by nanostructures induced by oxygen plasma etching and the recovery process of low surface energy through thermal aging of various PETs; semi-crystalline biaxial PET (B-PET) film, amorphous PET (A-PET) film, and semi-crystalline PET (F-PET) fabric. Under the anisotropic plasma etching, the nanostructures on the B-PET film were the longest, followed by the F-PET fabric, which developed a hierarchical micro/nanostructure, then the A-PET film. During thermal aging at 80 °C near Tg, the plasma-treated A-PET film recovered its superhydrophobicity within 3 h, while the plasma-treated B-PET film did not exhibit superhydrophobicity. At 130 °C, higher than Tg, the plasma-treated B-PET film recovered its superhydrophobicity within 1 h, but the plasma-treated A-PET film became opaque as its nanostructures deformed, decreasing its superhydrophobicity. The plasma-treated F-PET fabric exhibited faster recovery and greater superhydrophobicity than the plasma-treated B-PET film, due to its hierarchical micro/nanostructure. In addition, hydrophobic recovery during thermal aging was proved with a decrease in surface polar groups, lowering the surface energy using XPS analysis. Therefore, by designing the ratio of crystal to amorphous regions and surface micro/nanostructures, one can rapidly fabricate superhydrophobic PETs without additional surface finishing.
Decadal Change of Combination Mode Spatiotemporal Characteristics due to an ENSO Regime Shift

Previous studies have shown that nonlinear atmospheric interactions between ENSO and the warm pool annual cycle generates a combination mode (C-mode), which is responsible for the termination of strong El Niño events and the development of the anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific (WNP). However, the C-mode has experienced a remarkable decadal change in its characteristics around the early 2000s. The C-mode in both pre- and post-2000 exhibits its characteristic anomalous atmospheric circulation meridional asymmetry but with somewhat different spatial structures and time scales. During 1979–99, the C-mode pattern featured prominent westerly surface wind anomalies in the southeastern tropical Pacific and anticyclonic anomalies over the WNP. In contrast, the C-mode-associated westerly anomalies were shifted farther westward to the central Pacific and the WNP anticyclone was farther westward extended and weaker after 2000. These different C-mode patterns were accompanied by distinct climate impacts over the Indo-Pacific region. The decadal differences of the C-mode are tightly connected with the ENSO regime shift around 2000; that is, the occurrence of central Pacific (CP) El Niño events with quasi-biennial and decadal periodicities increased while the occurrence of eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño events with quasi-quadrennial periodicity decreased. The associated near-annual combination tone periodicities of the C-mode also changed in accordance with these changes in the dominant ENSO frequency between the two time periods. Numerical model experiments further confirm the impacts of the ENSO regime shift on the C-mode characteristics. These results have important implications for understanding the C-mode dynamics and improving predictions of its climate impacts.
Tratment With Folic Acid Increases Paraoxonase 1 Activity Thereby Improving Chronic Kidney Disease

Introduction: Increased oxidative stress, including elevated homocysteine (Hcy) plasma levels, and lowered levels of antioxidants participate in the pathophysiology and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Paraoxonase (PON)1 activity and folic acid are antioxidants which play a role in Hcy metabolism. However, there are no data whether, in CKD, treatment with folic acid improves glomerular filtration rate (GFR) through effects on PON1 activity and Hcy concentrations. Methods: In the current study, we determined PON1 genotypes and activity, Hcy and estimated GFR (eGFR) both before and after treatment with folic acid (5 mg/d) versus no treatment during three consecutive months in 113 outpatients with CKD classified into stages 4, 3b and 3a. Results: PON1 CMPAase and AREase activities were significantly lower in patients allocated to CKD stage 4 as compared with stages 3b and 3a. Treatment with folic acid significantly improved eGFR and increased levels of CMPAase and AREase in patients allocated to classes 4 and 3b, but not 3a. The improvement of eGFR was associated with increased CMPAase and AREase activities, while the latter were associated with increased levels of folic acid. Treatment with folic acid significantly reduced plasma Hcy levels and the Hcy/PON1 activity ratio. The effects of folic acid increasing PON1 activities were not mediated by changes in Hcy. Discussion: Treatment of CKD patients in early/intermediate stages of CKD patients improves oxidative stress by rebalancing the prooxidant (Hcy) / antioxidant (PON1 activities) ratio. Treatment with folic acid significantly improves eGFR and these effects are mediated via increased PON1 activities. Treatment with folic acid in phase G3b and G4 may reduce renal disease progression by enhancing antioxidant defenses. Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 31 March 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0472. v1
Phylogenetic analysis and phylogeography of the tetraploid rodent Tympanoctomys barrerae (Octodontidae): insights on its origin and the impact of Quaternary climate changes on population dynamics

The allotetraploid Tympanoctomys barrerae has a broad, patchy distribution around salt flats in western Argentina. To gain insights into its phylogenetic relationships, phylogeographical patterns, and origin, seven populations of T. barrerae and its allied taxa were studied through a 1075-bp fragment of cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I. Matrilineal phylogenetic relationships were explored with maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. The intraspecific genealogy was inferred by median-joining networks. The populational structure was assessed by molecular variance, and the demographic history through coalescence. The tree topology depicted sister-group relationship between Octomys mimax to the pair T. barrerae–Pipanacoctomys aureus, suggesting P. aureus belongs to the maternal lineage that gave rise to T. barrerae. High degrees of intrapopulational variation and the several instances of interpopulational polyphyly suggest range shifts and secondary contact. Consistent with the phylogenetic results, the network analysis revealed two haplotypic lineages depicting genetic admixtures unrelated to the current geographical distribution, and a deep split with the southernmost lineage of Chubut. The origin of T barrerae was estimated at approximately 2.52 Mya, whereas the divergence estimate for Chubut coincides with the end of largest Patagonian glaciation, at 1.47 Mya. Apparently, this population remained isolated during a northward Pleistocenic range shift. The historical demographic patterns of the lineages of T. barrerae fit with a contraction–expansion model coincident with Quaternary cycling events. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 108, 453–469.
Immediate effects of muscle energy technique and stabilization exercise in patients with chronic low back pain with suspected facet joint origin: A pilot study

Background: Facet joint is a potential structure to be the source of chronic low back pain (LBP) affecting lumbar motion, pain, and disability. Other than the recommended treatment of lumbar stabilization exercise (LSE), several manual procedures including muscle energy technique (MET) are commonly used in physical therapy clinic. However, little evidences of the effects of MET have been reported. Objective: This study aimed to compare the immediate effects of MET and LSE in patients with chronic LBP with suspected facet joint origin. Methods: Twenty-one patients with low back pain were recruited and randomly assigned to receive treatment either MET or LSE. The outcomes were kinematic changes, pain intensity, and disability level. Lumbar active range of motion (ROM) of flexion, extension, left and right lateral flexion, and left and right rotation were evaluated using the three-dimension motion analysis system at baseline and immediately after treatment. Pain intensity was evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) at baseline, immediately after, and two days after treatment. Thai version of the modified Oswestry disability questionnaire (ODQ) was utilized at baseline and two days after treatment. The mixed model analysis of variance was used to analyze all outcomes. Results: The results showed that all outcomes were not different between groups after treatments. Although there were statistically significant improvements after the treatments when collapsing the groups, the minimal clinically important change was found only for pain but not for lumbar movements and disabilities scores. Conclusion: The effect of MET and LSE alone in single session might not be intensive enough to improve movements and decrease disability in patients with chronic LBP with suspected facet joint origin.
The influence of pancreatic and duodenal extracts on the glycosuria and the respiratory metabolism of depancreatized dogs

Several dogs completely depancreatized by Hedon's method and eliminating glucose and nitrogen in Minkowski's ratio were treated by intravenous injection of pancreatic extract prepared by Knowlton and Starling's method. 1 The urines collected in twenty-four hour periods exhibited an increase in the D: N ratio on the days immediately following. When the urine was collected in short periods after injection, a marked fall in the sugar output was witnessed lasting from four to ten hours but this was followed by a compensating rise which, in some instances, augmented the total for the twenty-four hour period, in others raised it only to the previous level. Much greater effects were obtained with a double extract of dog's pancreas and duodenal mucosa. The following experiment (No. II) is typical. The effect, however, cannot be ascribed to the organic extract from either the pancreas or the duodenum for the same Ringer's solution in which the tissues were extracted when made alkaline to about the same extent with Na2CO3 gave an identical effect. The similarity in these two experiments on the same dog indicates that it is not a hormone which is responsible for the reduction in the sugar, and the increase in the percentage of sugar in the blood indicates that the reduced sugar elimination is in reality due to a change in the permeability of the kidney, as Wohlgemuth 2 has found it after ligation of the pancreatic ducts. That there is no effect on the combustion of sugar attending the reduced elimination of that substance is proved by the following experiment on another dog place in the respiration calorimeter. Already in the first hour's urine, including the period of injection, a marked decline in the sugar elimination is seen, showing that the typical effect on the excretion of sugar would have been produced, if glucose had not been fed. b'ith 20 grams of glucose available, however, none, or an extremely small quantity at the most, was burned.
Host-seeking behaviour of mosquitoes: responses to olfactory stimuli in the laboratory.

This chapter reviews the current understanding of odour-mediated host-seeking behaviour in mosquitoes based on laboratory (indoor) studies. Most recent studies have focused on Aedes aegypti L. , Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto Giles and Culex quinquefasciatus Say, as these species are all strongly associated with human biting and disease transmission. Where relevant, reference to other mosquito species is provided. Host seeking in mosquitoes is mediated primarily by chemical cues, and therefore most studies focus on the response to host odours and identification of specific compounds or odour blends. Laboratory tools for the study of odour-mediated behaviour include Y-tube and dual-choice (or dual-port) olfactometers, wind tunnels and roomsize arenas in which mosquitoes can fly freely. Mosquitoes are observed individually or in groups, usually at a specified age or range of ages, at a pre-determined time of the day when they are considered to be naturally responsive to host cues. Aedes aegypti and An. gambiae respond strongly to natural human skin emanations, whereas Cx. quinquefasciatus shows variation in this behaviour dependent on its geographic origin. Carbon dioxide acts as a principal stimulus for each of these mosquito species although with a variable species-specific effect. Several hostderived compounds have been identified that cause behavioural responses in these mosquito species, including ammonia, L(+)-lactic acid and aliphatic carboxylic acids. In addition, acetone and dimethyl disulfide enhance the attraction of blends of these compounds to Ae. aegypti. Some other ketones, such as 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and geranyl acetone disrupt the host-seeking process of Ae. aegypti and An. gambiae. Several aldehydes, such as octanal and nonanal, are attractive to Cx. quinquefasciatus, and reduce upwind flight and the total number of landings in Ae. aegypti. Based on these data odour blends have been identified that are attractive to these mosquito species, albeit less so than natural human odour, indicating that additional, hitherto unidentified, semiochemicals are involved in host-seeking behaviour that are likely to improve the efficacy of blends. Behavioural research combined with studies on molecular olfaction is ongoing to discover compounds that affect the host-seeking process, and further research under semi-field and field conditions is required to explore the effectiveness of putative attractants and repellents in natural circumstances.
Effects of Rice Straw Silage with Combining Additives of Lactobacillus Plantarum, Trichoderma Viride and Wheat Bran on the Growth Performance, Digestibility and Rumen Fermentation in Growing Lambs

The effects of rice straw silage with combined additives (RSSA) of Lactobacillus plantarum, Trichoderma viride and wheat bran on growth performance, digestibility and rumen fermentation in growing lambs were investigated. Twelve growing lambs with initial body weight (BW ± SD) of 12.8 ± 0.4 kg were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups. These lambs were fed with rice straw silage (25%, on the dry matter intake (DMI) without additives (RSSW) and 25% RSSA supplementation respectively. The growth performance, nutrients digestibility and rumen fermentation parameters of growing lambs were determined. The results of this study showed that the average daily gain (ADG) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly increased by the RSSA supplementation as compared to the RSSW supplementation (P gt 0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), as well as neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) was significantly increased by RSSA supplementation (Pandlt;05). Moreover, the microbial crude protein (MCP), total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), acetate, butyrate and valeric acid concentrations in rumen fluid were significantly enhanced by the RSSA supplementation (P0andlt;05). In conclusion, rice straw silage with L. plantarum, T. viride and wheat bran can enhance the overall growth performance, rumen fermentation and apparent digestibility of nutrients in the growing lambs.