Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Open Repair of Complete Proximal Hamstring Avulsions in Workers’ Compensation Patients

Background: Several studies have reported excellent results after surgical repair of proximal hamstring avulsions. However, the effect on these patients of receiving workers’ compensation has not yet been explored. Hypothesis: Workers’ compensation patients undergoing proximal hamstring repair of complete tears will have similar outcomes when compared with a matched control group of non–workers’ compensation patients. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Workers’ compensation patients who underwent complete proximal hamstring avulsion open repair between 2010 and 2019 were identified (WC group). A control group was matched by age (±3 years), sex, and body mass index (BMI; ±3). Demographics and patient-reported outcome measures were compared, including standard and custom Marx activity rating scale (MARS), standard and custom lower extremity functional scale (LEFS), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. Rate and time to return to work were recorded. Results: The WC group was composed of 20 patients (8 men, 12 women) with a mean age of 52.3 years and BMI of 32.4. The 20 matched controls (8 men, 12 women) who underwent repair had a mean age of 50.6 years and a mean BMI of 31.2. There was no difference between the groups regarding age (P = .924), sex (P > .999), or BMI (P = .330). The WC group reported similar mean MARS (3.3 vs 5.4; P = .174), custom MARS (87.5 vs 97.0; P = .215), and VAS pain (3.3 vs 3.8; P = .698) scores compared with controls. However, the WC group had significantly lower standard LEFS (69.1 vs 94.1; P < .001) and custom LEFS (62.3 vs 87.9; P < .001) scores, returned to work at a lower rate (70.0% vs 94.1%; P = .039), and required more time to return to work after repair (4.3 vs 3.5 months; P = .029) compared with controls. Conclusion: Workers’ compensation patients who underwent open proximal hamstring repair for complete avulsions experienced inferior patient-reported outcomes, required more time to return to work, and returned to work at a lower rate than a matched control group.
On psych verbs in English and Japanese

Psychological verbs (henceforth psych verbs) like fear and frighten have presented a fundamental problem concerning the linking of thematic roles and syntactic positions. Before the birth of generative grammar, they were simply treated as transitive verbs with an object and a subject. However, as GB theory developed, psych verbs started attracting much attention as an interesting phenomenon exhibiting irregular mapping. A number of linguists have attempted to give a uniform account for this irregular mapping. This paper will discuss psych verbs in English and Japanese together with a review of the previous studies.
Determination of tapered roller bearing system life index considering bearings preload and shaft stiffness

Rolling bearings are considered to be rigid supports of a pinned nature. In fact, rolling bearings develop displacements that depend on the external load and the stiffness of the shaft on which they are supported. In addition, tapered roller bearings use preloading, which has an additional effect on the displacements in the bearings. these displacements affect the internal deformations in the bearings and thus the actual load on the bearing. This paper presents a methodology for determining displacements in bearings and actual loads in bearings, taking into account shaft stiffness and preload clamping. Then the bearing life was determined. Based on the obtained bearing life, the bearing life index was determined for the adopted load variants. On the basis of the results obtained it can be concluded that the consideration of the durability of individual bearings is insufficient, because it usually happens that when the durability of one bearing increases, the durability of the other bearing decreases. According to the author, the best solution is to combine the durability of both bearings and to consider the durability of the whole bearing system, not the individual bearings.
An identifiability result for SVAR processes with hidden components assuming non-Gaussian noise

We consider the following problem: We are given a multivariate time series X. We assume that X together with a hidden multivariate time series Z forms a structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) process W with structural matrix A. The goal is to identify as much of A as possible, based on X alone. We show that under certain assumptions, using only X we can fully identify that part of A that captures the interaction between the components of X. The assumptions are: (1) at least half the components are observed, (2) the noise is non-Gaussian, and (3) two certain parameter matrices have full rank. This identifiability result may help to improve causal analysis of time series in certain cases.
Biosorption and Bioaccumulation Capacity of Arthrospira platensis toward Yttrium Ions

Yttrium is an element of critical importance for industry and technology. Cyanobacteria Arthrospira platensis was employed for Y(III) recovery from contaminated wastewater through biosorption and bioaccumulation processes. The effect of pH of a solution, contact time, temperature, and initial Y(III) concentration on the adsorption behaviour of Arthrospira platensis were studied. The maximum adsorption capacity of 719.8 mg/g was attained at a pH of 3, temperature of 20 °C, and adsorption time of 3 min. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were suitable to describe the equilibrium of the biosorption, while kinetic of the process followed the pseudo-first-order model. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the biosorption process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. In bioaccumulation experiments, Arthrospira platensis was able to remove up to 70% of Y(III) from the solution. Beside biomass uptake capacity, the toxic effect of Y(III) on the biomass productivity and biochemical composition was assessed. Thus, Y(III) in concentration of 10–30 mg/L led to a decrease in the content of proteins, carbohydrates, and phycobiliproteins in the biomass and had no significant negative impact on productivity and photosynthetic pigments content. Experiments performed using Arthrospira platensis showed that biological objects have a great potential to be applied for the recovery of rare earth elements from wastewater.
Physics and partial differential equations

Preface to the English edition Preface to the Chinese edition 1. Thermoelasticity 2. Viscoelasticity 3. Kinetic theory of gases 4. Special relativity and relativistic fluid dynamics 5. Quantum mechanics Appendix. Tensors in Minkowski four-space time Index.
Dirty dance: tourism and environment

ABSTRACT Tourism was one of the fastest-growing sectors of the global economy before the COVID-19 pandemic, accounting for around 10% of global GDP. This has created a number of challenges including environmental degradation, especially in small island countries where the carbon footprint of tourism constitute a substantial share of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This study investigates the impact of tourism on CO2 emissions in a relatively homogenous panel of 15 Caribbean countries over the period 1960–2019. The results show that international tourist arrivals have a statistically and economically significant effect on CO2 emissions, after controlling for other economic, institutional and social factors. Managing tourism sustainably requires a comprehensive set of policies and reforms aimed at reducing its environmental impact, and curbing excessive dependency on fossil fuel-based energy consumption.
3D-Printing Graphene Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Graphene-based materials have recently gained attention for regenerating various tissue defects including bone, nerve, cartilage, and muscle. Even though the potential of graphene-based biomaterials has been realized in tissue engineering, there are significantly many more studies reporting in vitro and in vivo data in bone tissue engineering. Graphene constructs have mainly been studied as two-dimensional (2D) substrates when biological organs are within a three-dimensional (3D) environment. Therefore, developing 3D graphene scaffolds is the next clinical standard, yet most have been fabricated as foams which limit control of consistent morphology and porosity. To overcome this issue, 3D-printing technology is revolutionizing tissue engineering, due to its speed, accuracy, reproducibility, and overall ability to personalize treatment whereby scaffolds are printed to the exact dimensions of a tissue defect. Even though various 3D-printing techniques are available, practical applications of 3D-printed graphene scaffolds are still limited. This can be attributed to variations associated with fabrication of graphene derivatives, leading to variations in cell response. This review summarizes selected works describing the different fabrication techniques for 3D scaffolds, the novelty of graphene materials, and the use of 3D-printed scaffolds of graphene-based nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering.
Integrin-Linked Kinase Expression in Human Valve Endothelial Cells Plays a Protective Role in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is highly prevalent during aging. CAVD initiates with endothelial dysfunction, leading to lipid accumulation, inflammation, and osteogenic transformation. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) participates in the progression of cardiovascular diseases, such as endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. However, ILK role in CAVD is unknown. First, we determined that ILK expression is downregulated in aortic valves from patients with CAVD compared to non-CAVD, especially at the valve endothelium, and negatively correlated with calcification markers. Silencing ILK expression in human valve endothelial cells (siILK-hVECs) induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and promoted a switch to an osteoblastic phenotype; SiILK-hVECs expressed increased RUNX2 and developed calcified nodules. siILK-hVECs exhibited decreased NO production and increased nitrosative stress, suggesting valvular endothelial dysfunction. NO treatment of siILK-hVECs prevented VEC transdifferentiation, while treatment with an eNOS inhibitor mimicked ILK-silencing induction of EndMT. Accordingly, NO treatment inhibited VEC calcification. Mechanistically, siILK-hVECs showed increased Smad2 phosphorylation, suggesting a TGF-β-dependent mechanism, and NO treatment decreased Smad2 activation and RUNX2. Experiments performed in eNOS KO mice confirmed the involvement of the ILK-eNOS signaling pathway in valve calcification, since aortic valves from these animals showed decreased ILK expression, increased RUNX2, and calcification. Our study demonstrated that ILK endothelial expression participates in human CAVD development by preventing endothelial osteogenic transformation.
Evaluation of the Relationship between Left Coronary Artery Bifurcation Angle and Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review

Recent studies have suggested a relationship between wide left coronary artery bifurcation (left anterior descending [LAD]-left circumflex [LCx]) angle and coronary artery disease (CAD). Current literature is multifaceted. Different studies have analysed this relationship using computational fluid dynamics, by considering CAD risk factors, and from simple causal-comparative and correlational perspectives. Hence, the purpose of this systematic review was to critically evaluate the current literature and determine whether there is sufficient evidence available to prove the relationship between LAD-LCx angle and CAD. Five electronic databases (ProQuest, Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, and Emcare) were used to locate relevant texts, which were then screened according to predefined eligibility criteria. Thirteen eligible articles were selected for review. Current evidence suggests individuals with a wide LAD-LCx angle experience altered haemodynamics at the bifurcation site compared to those with narrower angles, which likely facilitates a predisposition to developing CAD. However, further research is required to determine causality regarding relationships between LAD-LCx angle and CAD risk factors. Insufficient valid evidence exists to support associations between LAD-LCx angle and degree of coronary stenosis, and future haemodynamic analyses should explore more accurate coronary artery modelling, as well as CAD progression in already stenosed bifurcations.
An English Flipped Classroom Teaching Model Based on Big Data Analysis

In order to improve the defect that the quality of English flipped classroom teaching cannot be quantitatively evaluated, an English flipped classroom teaching model based on big data learning analysis is proposed. In the English flipped classroom teaching mode, which applies the flipped classroom teaching mode, the classroom teaching links are changed, the preview feedback, joint answer and question between teachers and students, classroom teaching, and teachers' questions are taken as the key links of classroom teaching, and the teacher education and school management system are improved, so as to complete the reform of English flipped classroom teaching mode. The convolution neural network is used to extract the evaluation text features, mine the association rules of massive evaluation text data through the Apriori algorithm, determine the evaluation index of English flipped classroom teaching quality, and complete the evaluation of English flipped classroom teaching quality by using the decision tree method in big data analysis. The experimental results show that the proposed method can quantitatively evaluate the quality of English flipped classroom teaching by using the evaluation text, and the evaluation accuracy and recall rate are higher than 98%, which can realize the objective evaluation of English flipped classroom teaching quality.
Gender Wage Gap: Evidence from Employment in Informal Sector

The gender wage gap is still a common phenomenon in many developing countries, especially in the informal sector. As opposed to the formal sector, the gender wage gap seems more adverse in the informal sector, where women are often in unfavourable situations to lessen the substantial wage gap between them and men. This study examined the gender earnings gap from the lower level to the upper level of the wage distribution in informal sector employment using the Indonesian National Labor Survey in 2019. While the Oaxaca-Blinder method only looked at the wage gap from the differences in mean values, this research used the Recentered Influence Function (RIF) to reveal the gaps in the wage distribution. The research found the presence of a weak sticky floor effect across the wage distribution. The gender earnings gap decreased as we moved from the lower wage distribution to the upper wage distribution. Furthermore, the structure effect or unexplained factors contributed to the most prominent share of the gap that forms the wage difference for the entirety of the wage distribution, ranging from 70 per cent. Having examined the individual characteristics, education was found to be the most prominent factor that can help narrow the gap.
Terminal Velocities for a Large Sample of O Stars, B Supergiants, and Wolf-Rayet Stars

It is argued that easily measured, reliable estimates of terminal velocities for early-type stars are provided by the central velocity asymptotically approached by narrow absorption features and by the violet limit of zero residual intensity in saturated P Cygni profiles. These estimators are used to determine terminal velocities, v(infinity), for 181 O stars, 70 early B supergiants, and 35 Wolf-Rayet stars. For OB stars, the values are typically 15-20 percent smaller than the extreme violet edge velocities, v(edge), while for WR stars v(infinity) = 0.76 v(edge) on average. New mass-loss rates for WR stars which are thermal radio emitters are given, taking into account the new terminal velocities and recent revisions to estimates of distances and to the mean nuclear mass per electron. The relationships between v(infinity), the surface escape velocities, and effective temperatures are examined. 67 refs.
Effect of COVID-19-Induced Stress among Males on the Partner Relationship and Sexual Activity during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there have been some reports regarding the impact of COVID-19 on male psychosexual health. Aims and Objectives: To assess the severity of stress during COVID-19 and to determine the association of stress levels with partner relationships and sexual activity. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia through social media platforms via an online questionnaire between 1 December 2020 and 31 January 2021 among 871 participants after a pilot study among 20 participants, of which 497 were included in the study. Stress levels were assessed using the Arabic version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20.0. Responses were presented as frequencies and percentages, and associations were studied using the Chi-squared test/Fisher’s exact test. A value of p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 497 participants who had been infected with COVID-19 completed the survey. In total, it was found that 203 (40.8%) had severe stress scores (severe and extremely severe scores merged), while 131 (26.4%) had moderate stress scores. About 84 (16.9%) participants agreed that their sexual desire decreased, 91 (18.1%) confirmed their sexual intercourse frequency decreased, and sexual satisfaction decreased in 76 (15.3%). A significant positive correlation was found in that those who disagreed with having a good sexual relationship tended to have severe stress (p < 0.001). Conclusion: There were increased levels of stress during the lockdown period, which impacted psychosexual health.
Occluded Person Re-Identification Method Based on Multiscale Features and Human Feature Reconstruction

Occluded Re-ID task is proposed mainly because people are often occluded by various obstacles in the real world, which greatly affects the accuracy of model matching.In view of the challenge of occluded Re-ID, the main work of this paper is as follows:(i) Aiming at the incompleteness of human body under occlusion, an occluded Re-ID method based on multi-scale features is proposed. A partial human body locator is constructed by using the target detection algorithm to automatically recognize and cut partial human body in this method. Then this method designs a horizontal pyramid pooling strategy to extract multi-scale features and enhance the robustness of the model under the occlusion problem. Experiments show that, this method has better matching accuracy in the occluded Re-ID task. (ii) Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to align the local features between different people images under occlusion, an occluded Re-ID method based on human feature reconstruction is proposed. This method is an unaligned method, which uses sparse representation to reconstruct human body features. Difficult sample triplet loss function was improved by using human feature reconstruction distance and the proportion of similar parts to matching correlation was increased. Experiments show that this method can effectively improve the occlusion resistance of the model.
Bacteria as Biological Control Agents of Plant Diseases

Biological control is an effective and sustainable alternative or complement to conventional pesticides for fungal and bacterial plant disease management. Some of the most intensively studied biological control agents are bacteria that can use multiple mechanisms implicated in the limitation of plant disease development, and several bacterial-based products have been already registered and marketed as biopesticides. However, efforts are still required to increase the commercially available microbial biopesticides. The inconsistency in the performance of bacterial biocontrol agents in the biological control has limited their extensive use in commercial agriculture. Pathosystem factors and environmental conditions have been shown to be key factors involved in the final levels of disease control achieved by bacteria. Several biotic and abiotic factors can influence the performance of the biocontrol agents, affecting their mechanisms of action or the multitrophic interaction between the plant, the pathogen, and the bacteria. This review shows some relevant examples of known bacterial biocontrol agents, with especial emphasis on research carried out by Spanish groups. In addition, the importance of the screening process and of the key steps in the development of bacterial biocontrol agents is highlighted. Besides, some improvement approaches and future trends are considered.
THE APPLICATION OF CROSS-LAGGED PANEL ANALYSIS IN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Cross–lagged panel analysis is found in the main stream of social, behavioral, medical, business and educational research. It is a form of quasi-experimental design used to determine whether the relationship between two variables is spurious i.e., due to a third variable and not due to causation. Cross–lagged panel analysis is a process used to determine which variable is the cause and which variable is the effect. It is an exploratory method of collecting information at two points in time i.e., time 1 and time 2, to clarify the causal relations between uncontrolled variables which could be tested more rigorously in an experimental setting. The Cross–lagged Panel Correlation (CLPC) is a low power test but better adapted than either multiple regression or factor analysis for answering many questions in longitudinal studies. It captures the dynamic relationship among the variables and allows the model to be controlled over time. This paper focuses on the 2w2v (two wave & two variable) design to describe a research method which can be used to explore the causal predominance relationship in the absence of a true experimental design, but only in a passive manner. Key words: cross–lagged panel correlation, spurious correlation, synchronous correlation, autocorrelation, stationarity, synchronicity.
A Scoping Review on Body Fluid Biomarkers for Prognosis and Disease Activity in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, presenting with different clinical forms, including clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), which is a first clinical episode suggestive of demyelination. Several molecules have been proposed as prognostic biomarkers in MS. We aimed to perform a scoping review of the potential use of prognostic biomarkers in MS clinical practice. We searched MEDLINE up to 25 November 2021 for review articles assessing body fluid biomarkers for prognostic purposes, including any type of biomarkers, cell types and tissues. Original articles were obtained to confirm and detail the data reported by the review authors. We evaluated the reliability of the biomarkers based on the sample size used by various studies. Fifty-two review articles were included. We identified 110 molecules proposed as prognostic biomarkers. Only six studies had an adequate sample size to explore the risk of conversion from CIS to MS. These confirm the role of oligoclonal bands, immunoglobulin free light chain and chitinase CHI3L1 in CSF and of serum vitamin D in the prediction of conversion from CIS to clinically definite MS. Other prognostic markers are not yet explored in adequately powered samples. Serum and CSF levels of neurofilaments represent a promising biomarker.