Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ineligible, Unaware, or Uninterested? Associations Between Underrepresented Patient Populations and Retention in the Pathway to Cancer Clinical Trial Enrollment

PURPOSE: Cancer clinical trials can benefit current and future patients; however, Black patients, rural residents, and patients living in disadvantaged areas are often underrepresented. Using an adapted version of Unger and colleagues' model of the process of clinical trial enrollment, we evaluated the relationship between underrepresented patient populations and trial end points. METHODS: This retrospective study included 512 patients with breast or ovarian cancer who were prescribed a therapeutic drug at the University of Alabama at Birmingham from January 2017 to February 2020. Patient eligibility was assessed using open clinical trials. We estimated odds ratios and 95% CIs using logistic regression models to examine the relationship between underrepresented patient populations and trial enrollment end points: eligibility, interest, offer, enrollment, and declining enrollment. RESULTS: Of the patients in our sample, 27% were Black, 18% were rural residents, and 19% lived in higher disadvantaged neighborhoods. In adjusted models, each comparison group had similar odds of being eligible for a clinical trial. Black versus White patients had 0.40 times the odds of interest in clinical trials and 0.56 times the odds of enrollment. Patients living in areas of higher versus lower disadvantage had 0.46 times the odds of enrolling and 3.40 times the odds of declining enrollment when offered. CONCLUSION: Eligibility did not drive clinical trial enrollment disparities in our sample; however, retention in the clinical trial enrollment process appears to vary by group. Additional work is needed to understand how interventions can be tailored to each population's specific needs.
Prevalence and risk factors for sexual dysfunction in young women following a cancer diagnosis – a population-based study

Abstract Background Self-reported sex problems among women diagnosed with reproductive and nonreproductive cancers before the age of 40 are not fully understood. This study aimed to determine sexual dysfunction in young women following a cancer diagnosis in relation to women of the general population. Furthermore, to identify factors associated with sexual dysfunction in women diagnosed with cancer. Materials and Methods A population-based cross-sectional study with 694 young women was conducted 1.5 years after being diagnosed with cancer (response rate 72%). Potential participants were identified in national quality registries covering breast and gynecological cancer, lymphoma and brain tumors. The women with cancer were compared to a group of women drawn from the general population (N = 493). Sexual activity and function were assessed with the PROMIS® SexFS. Logistic regression was used to assess differences between women with cancer and the comparison group, and to identify factors associated with sexual dysfunction. Results The majority of the women with cancer (83%) as well as the women from the comparison group (87%) reported having had sex the last month (partner sex and/or masturbation). More than 60% of the women with cancer (all diagnoses) reported sexual dysfunction in at least one of the measured domains. The women with cancer reported statistically significantly more problems than women of the comparison group across domains such as decreased interest in having sex, and vaginal and vulvar discomfort. Women with gynecological or breast cancer and those receiving more intense treatment were at particular high risk of sexual dysfunction (≥2 domains). Concurrent emotional distress and body image disturbance were associated with more dysfunction. Conclusion The results underscore the need to routinely assess sexual health in clinical care and follow-up. Based on the results, development of interventions to support women to cope with cancer-related sexual dysfunction is recommended.
The use of conformal lattice metamaterials for relieving stress in lower limb sockets: A numerical and exploratory study

Selecting the correct material for each application has always been important. Now, with lattice metamaterials engineers can take advantage of the properties of these metamaterials to best suit a specific application. This paper investigates transtibial lower limb socket stress reduction through the implementation of conformal lattice metamaterials. In this work, a model was obtained with a 3D scanner from a plaster cast taken from a participant with a trans-tibial amputation. Then a 3D socket model was created and two conformal patterns were added to the surface of the socket using nTopology®. Parametric studies to relate the lattice metamaterials constituent elements to their effective structural properties, when such are loaded in-plane and out-of-plane were also included. Pressure test simulations were performed to determine the stresses produced in the sockets. This study concludes with discussion of the results and provides information on how surface conformal patterns can improve socket performance, showing that surface-vertex-centroid patterns increase stiffness and relieve stresses.
GAS ACCRETION BY STAR CLUSTERS AND THE FORMATION OF ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCES FROM CUSPS OF COMPACT REMNANTS

Here, we show that the overabundance of ultraluminous, compact X-ray sources associated with moderately young clusters in interacting galaxies such as the Antennae and the Cartwheel can be given an alternative explanation that does not involve the presence of intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs). We argue that gas density within these systems is enhanced by the collective potential of the cluster prior to being accreted onto the individual cluster members and, as a result, the aggregate X-ray luminosity arising from the neutron star cluster members can exceed > 1039 erg s-1. Various observational tests to distinguish between IMBHs and accreting neutron star cusps are discussed.
Opposing effects of spatiotemporal variation in resources and temporal variation in climate on density dependent population growth in seabirds

Abstract Understanding how ecological processes combine to shape population dynamics is crucial in a rapidly changing world. Evidence has been emerging for how fundamental drivers of density dependence in mobile species are related to two differing types of environmental variation—temporal variation in climate, and spatiotemporal variation in food resources. However, to date, tests of these hypotheses have been largely restricted to mid‐trophic species in terrestrial environments and thus their general applicability remains unknown. We tested if these same processes can be identified in marine upper trophic level species. We assembled a multi‐decadal data set on population abundance of 10 species of colonial seabirds comprising a large component of the UK breeding seabird biomass, and covering diverse phylogenies, life histories and foraging behaviours. We tested for evidence of density dependence in population growth rates using discrete time state‐space population models fit to long time‐series of observations of abundance at seabird breeding colonies. We then assessed if the strength of density dependence in population growth rates was exacerbated by temporal variation in climate (sea temperature and swell height), and attenuated by spatiotemporal variation in prey resources (productivity and tidal fronts). The majority of species showed patterns consistent with temporal variation in climate acting to strengthen density dependent feedbacks to population growth. However, fewer species showed evidence for a weakening of density dependence with increasing spatiotemporal variation in prey resources. Our findings extend this emerging theory for how different sources of environmental variation may shape the dynamics and regulation of animal populations, demonstrating its role in upper trophic marine species. We show that environmental variation leaves a signal in long‐term population dynamics of seabirds with potentially important consequences for their demography and trophic interactions.
The potential adverse effects of acrylamide on the oxidative stress response, fatty acids profile, and histopathological aspect of the Mediterranean Holothuria forskali respiratory tree

Acrylamide (ACR), organic compound, has been widely used owing to its broad spectrum of chemical and industrial applications. This study aims at evaluating the response of the antioxidant defense system, fatty acid composition and histopathological aspect in the respiratory trees of Holothuria forskali against ACR exposure under laboratory conditions. Holothuries were exposed to 5, 10, and 20 mg L−1 ACR concentrations for 5 days. A significant increase in n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids levels especially the arachidonic acid (ARA, C20:4n‐6) and its precursor linoleic acid (LA, C18:2n‐6) in ACR‐treated organisms. Regarding the n‐3 levels, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n‐3) levels were increased in treated groups despite an acute decrease in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n‐3) levels was observed. Our results showed a significant increase in hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, and metallothionein levels along with an alteration of the antioxidants status in all treated sea cucumbers. The exposure to ACR prompted the inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase activity in a concentration‐dependent manner. The histopathological aspect was marked especially with the infiltration of coelomic cells which confirms our biochemical findings. Our study provided novel insights to create a link between redox status and fatty acid composition disruptions to better understand ACR‐triggered toxicity.
Quantum-memory-assisted entropic uncertainty principle, teleportation, and entanglement witness in structured reservoirs

We relate the principle of quantum-memory-assisted entropic uncertainty to quantum teleportation and show geometrically that any two-qubit state which lowers the upper bound of this uncertainty relation is useful for teleportation. We also explore the efficiency of this entropic uncertainty principle on witnessing entanglement in a general class of bosonic structured reservoirs. The entanglement regions witnessed by different estimates are determined, which may have no relation with the explicit form of the spectral density of the reservoir for certain special chosen sets of the initial states.
Comparizon of dynamic diffusion with explicit difference scheme for Shredinger equation

We represent the method of dynamic diffusion for the approximate solution of Shroedinger equation with decoherence. Decoherence shows as the divergency of exact solution from the dynamics of diffusion swarm, which arises when the total number of real particles grows. The method of dnamic diffusion cannot be reduced to the solution of differential equations, in contrast to Bohm's quantum hydrodynamics, hence the direct computer simulation is the mandatory step of its development. We compare the dynamic diffusion with the explicit finite differences scheme for Shredinger equation for some standard one dimension cases.
Inhibition of ROCK ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing M2 macrophage polarisation through phosphorylation of STAT3

Abstract Background Emerging evidence provides mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and rare anti‐PF therapeutic method has promising effect in its treatment. Rho‐associated coiled‐coil kinases (ROCK) inhibition significantly ameliorates bleomycin‐induced PF and decreases macrophage infiltration, but the mechanism remains unclear. We established bleomycin and radiation‐induced PF to identify the activity of WXWH0265, a newly designed unselective ROCK inhibitor in regulating macrophages. Methods Bleomycin‐induced PF was induced by intratracheal instillation and radiation‐induced PF was induced by bilateral thoracic irradiation. Histopathological techniques (haematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemistry) and hydroxyproline were used to evaluate PF severity. Western blot, quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms. Bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) were used to verify their therapeutic effect. Clodronate liposomes were applied to deplete macrophages and to identify the therapeutic effect of WXWH0265. Results Therapeutic administration of ROCK inhibitor ameliorates bleomycin‐induced PF by inhibiting M2 macrophages polarisation. ROCK inhibitor showed no significant anti‐fibrotic effect in macrophages‐depleted mice. Treatment with WXWH0265 demonstrated superior protection effect in bleomycin‐induced PF compared with positive drugs. In radiation‐induced PF, ROCK inhibitor effectively ameliorated PF. Fibroblasts co‐cultured with supernatant from various M2 macrophages phenotypes revealed that M2 macrophages stimulated by interleukin‐4 promoted extracellular matrix production. Polarisation of M2 macrophages was inhibited by ROCK inhibitor treatment in vitro. The p‐signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in lung tissue and BMDMs was significantly decreased in PF in vivo and vitro after treated with ROCK inhibitors. Conclusion Inhibiting ROCK could significantly attenuate bleomycin‐ and radiation‐induced PF by regulating the macrophages polarisation via phosphorylation of STAT3. WXWH0265 is a kind of efficient unselective ROCK inhibitor in ameliorating PF. Furthermore, the results provide empirical evidence that ROCK inhibitor, WXWH0265 is a potential drug to prevent the development of PF.
Nonlinear Heart Rate Dynamics Before and After Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Events.

Background Heart rate complexity, derived from nonlinear heart rate variability (HRV), has been shown to help predict the outcomes of various diseases. Changes in heart rate complexity before and after paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) events are unclear. Objectives To evaluate changes in heart rate complexity through nonlinear HRV before and after PAF events. Methods We enrolled 65 patients (72 ± 12.34 years old, 31 females) with 99 PAF events who received 24-hour Holter recording, and analyzed nonlinear HRV variables including Poincaré plot analysis, sample entropy (SampEn), and multiscale entropy (MSE). HRV analyses were applied to a 20-minute window before the onset and after the termination of PAF events. HRV parameters were evaluated and compared based on eight different 5-minute time segments, as we divided each 20-minute window into four segments of 5 minutes each. Results SampEn and MSE1~5 significantly decreased before the onset of PAF events, whereas SampEn, MSE1~5 and MSE6~20 significantly increased after the termination of PAF events. SD1 and SD2, which are nonlinear HRV parameters calculated via Poincaré plot analysis, did not significantly change before the PAF events, however they both decreased significantly after termination. Conclusions Heart rate complexity significantly decreased before the initiation and increased after the termination of PAF events, which indicates the crucial role of nonlinear heart rate dynamics in the initiation and termination of PAF.
Thinking Aloud or Screaming Inside: Exploratory Study of Sentiment Around Work

Background Millions of workers experience work-related ill health every year. The loss of working days often accounts for poor well-being because of discomfort and stress caused by the workplace. The ongoing pandemic and postpandemic shift in socioeconomic and work culture can continue to contribute to adverse work-related sentiments. Critically investigating state-of-the-art technologies, this study identifies the research gaps in recognizing workers’ need for well-being support, and we aspire to understand how such evidence can be collected to transform the workforce and workplace. Objective Building on recent advances in sentiment analysis, this study aims to closely examine the potential of social media as a tool to assess workers’ emotions toward the workplace. Methods This study collected a large Twitter data set comprising both pandemic and prepandemic tweets facilitated through a human-in-the-loop approach in combination with unsupervised learning and meta-heuristic optimization algorithms. The raw data preprocessed through natural language processing techniques were assessed using a generative statistical model and a lexicon-assisted rule-based model, mapping lexical features to emotion intensities. This study also assigned human annotations and performed work-related sentiment analysis. Results A mixed methods approach, including topic modeling using latent Dirichlet allocation, identified the top topics from the corpus to understand how Twitter users engage with discussions on work-related sentiments. The sorted aspects were portrayed through overlapped clusters and low intertopic distances. However, further analysis comprising the Valence Aware Dictionary for Sentiment Reasoner suggested a smaller number of negative polarities among diverse subjects. By contrast, the human-annotated data set created for this study contained more negative sentiments. In this study, sentimental juxtaposition revealed through the labeled data set was supported by the n-gram analysis as well. Conclusions The developed data set demonstrates that work-related sentiments are projected onto social media, which offers an opportunity to better support workers. The infrastructure of the workplace, the nature of the work, the culture within the industry and the particular organization, employers, colleagues, person-specific habits, and upbringing all play a part in the health and well-being of any working adult who contributes to the productivity of the organization. Therefore, understanding the origin and influence of the complex underlying factors both qualitatively and quantitatively can inform the next generation of workplaces to drive positive change by relying on empirically grounded evidence. Therefore, this study outlines a comprehensive approach to capture deeper insights into work-related health.
Maximal slicings in spherical symmetry: Local existence and construction

We show that any spherically symmetric spacetime locally admits a maximal space-like slicing and we give a procedure allowing its construction. The designed construction procedure is based on purely geometrical arguments and, in practice, leads to solve a decoupled system of first-order quasi-linear partial differential equations. We have explicitly built up maximal foliations in Minkowski and Friedmann spacetimes. Our approach admits further generalizations and efficient computational implementation. As by-product, we suggest some applications of our work in the task of calibrating numerical relativity complex codes, usually written in Cartesian coordinates.
Striatal Development in Early‐Onset Huntington's Disease

The gene mutation that causes Huntington’s disease (HD) is associated with neurodevelopmental changes. Our group has shown that children who are decades from their predicted age of onset of HD have striatal hypertrophy early in life followed by a faster rate of neurodegeneration later in life relative to children without the mutation that causes HD. Little is known about the neurodevelopment of patients with long CAG repeats who will likely manifest symptoms of HD in early adulthood or even those who will develop juvenile-onset HD (JOHD). Because these patients are so young, they generally present after symptoms have manifested. Consequently, their striatal volumes are significantly decreased at clinical presentation. Therefore, it is unknown if long CAG repeats in the huntingtin protein prevented the normal development of the striatum (ie, the striatum never reached an age-appropriate volume) or if the striatum was enlarged or volumetrically comparable to similarly aged children. Characterization of striatal development in early-onset HD (EOHD) and JOHD participants could have significant implications for future clinical trials. We used the Kids-HD and Kids-JOHD databases and identified seven children with a CAG > 50 who did not have HD motor manifestations and were far from their predicted onset of symptoms based on their standardized CAG-AgeProduct (CAP). Detailed methods of these studies have been previously published. These children (referred to as preEOHD) were compared to 14 gene non-expanded children (GNE group) who were similar in age and sex. The mean age of the pre-EOHD group was 8.64 (standard deviation, 1.73) and included five women and two men. Median CAG repeat length was 56 (range: 51–73). The GNE group’s mean age was 8.87 (S.D. 1.60) and included 10 women and 4 men. Analyses of covariance that controlled for age and sex were used to compare baseline striatal volumes (corrected for intracranial volume [ICV]) between the pre-EOHD and GNE groups. The mean strial volume of the pre-EOHD group (1.35% ICV, SE = 0.03) was significantly higher than the GNE group (1.26% ICV, SE = 0.02; P = 0.013, Fig. 1A). We suspect the pre-EOHD participants will have a faster rate of degeneration. We explored the rate of degeneration in one individual with a CAG of 73 who participated in our at-risk study. The striatal volume of this individual was similar to the GNE group at the age of six (Fig. 1B), but had decreased by nearly 20% approximately 2 years later. This rapid degeneration continued, and the participant received a diagnosis of JOHD before the age of 12. Importantly, the linear trajectory of this participant suggests striatal hypertrophy prior to the age of six (Fig. 1B).
Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Injury in CrossFit: A Systematic Review

Abstract The objective of this systematic review was to identify potential risk factors for injury in CrossFit participants. Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and SportDiscuss databases were all searched up to June 2021. Cohort studies that investigated risk factors for CrossFit injuries requiring medical attention or leading to time loss in sports were included. A best-evidence synthesis was performed combining all the outcomes from prospective cohort studies. From 9,452 publications identified, we included three prospective cohort studies from which two had a low risk of bias and one a high risk of bias. The studies examined 691 participants of whom 172 sustained an injury. There was limited evidence that switching between prescribed and scaled loads during training is associated with increased injury risk and that increased duration of participation is a protective factor for injury. This could mean that novice CrossFit athletes and those increasing their training load should have closer supervision by CrossFit coaches. These risk factors should be considered when developing preventive interventions.