Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maximally-localized Wannier Functions: Theory and Applications

The electronic ground state of a periodic system is usually described in terms of extended Bloch orbitals, but an alternative representation in terms of localized "Wannier functions" was introduced by Gregory Wannier in 1937. The connection between the Bloch and Wannier representations is realized by families of transformations in a continuous space of unitary matrices, carrying a large degree of arbitrariness. Since 1997, methods have been developed that allow one to iteratively transform the extended Bloch orbitals of a first-principles calculation into a unique set of maximally localized Wannier functions, accomplishing the solid-state equivalent of constructing localized molecular orbitals, or "Boys orbitals" as previously known from the chemistry literature. These developments are reviewed here, and a survey of the applications of these methods is presented. This latter includes a description of their use in analyzing the nature of chemical bonding, or as a local probe of phenomena related to electric polarization and orbital magnetization. Wannier interpolation schemes are also reviewed, by which quantities computed on a coarse reciprocal-space mesh can be used to interpolate onto much finer meshes at low cost, and applications in which Wannier functions are used as efficient basis functions are discussed. Finally the construction and use of Wannier functions outside the context of electronic-structure theory is presented, for cases that include phonon excitations, photonic crystals, and cold-atom optical lattices.
A 24–30-GHz 256-Element Dual-Polarized 5G Phased Array Using Fast On-Chip Beam Calculators and Magnetoelectric Dipole Antennas

We present a 24–30-GHz 256-element dual-polarization transceiver (TRX) phased array based on a 16-element beamformer integrated circuit (BF-IC), 2-element frequency conversion integrated circuit (FC-IC), liquid crystal polymer (LCP)-based combiners and filters, and a tileable package with 64 embedded dual-polarized (dual-pol) antennas. The phased array presented in this work overcomes three key challenges in current 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) antenna arrays: 1) it supports a dramatic increase in the number of supported fast-access beams; 2) it offers improved power efficiency; and 3) it provides a path to lower solution cost. 1) We enable fast switching among >30000 beams—orders of magnitude improvement over prior work—by employing an on-chip beam calculator in the BF-IC, achieving 200-ns beam setup and 8-ns over-the-air (OTA)-switching time. 2) We enable a module-level transmitter (TX) mode peak power added efficiency (PAE) of 20% using a modular architecture that preserves power amplifier (PA) linearity and efficiency as well as receiver (RX) mode low noise amplifier (LNA) noise figure (NF). The module achieves Psat effective isotropically radiated power (EIRP) of 68.5 dBm and BF-IC NF < 3.9 dB. 3) We lower the solution cost by enabling a wider steering range to reduce the number of phased arrays required in a sectorized coverage scheme, by reducing the IC and package area, and by avoiding calibration. The wider steering range is enabled by using an in-package magnetoelectric dipole antenna (for the first time in silicon-based phased arrays), resulting in steering over ±70° in H- and V-pol in both E- and H-planes without requiring any calibration. Moreover, the module achieves >20-dB cross-polarization isolation across the entire ±70° beam steering range.
Neurons and Electromagnetic Waves 

: Based on the potassium channel "origami windmill" model, and the conservation law of cell membrane area and ion inequality equation of based on the potassium channel "origami windmill" model, and Maxwell's electromagnetic theory, it is theoretically proved that neurons can generate electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic wave is an energy wave, never disappear. The neurons are equivalent to the built-in antennas of the brain, and information transmission between neurons is conducted wirelessly. The material basis for neurons to generate electromagnetic waves is the result of the exchange of cations on the inner surface of the cell membrane, especially Na + and K + ； The essence of consciousness should be electromagnetic wave. The conclusion that "neurons can produce electromagnetic waves" overturns the view that "electricity→chemistry→electricity" conducts information between neurons, and provides theoretical support for humans to finally solve the mysteries of the brain. At the same time, seven falsificationist methods are given. The brain is a huge gold mine, and it is too important to crack the mystery of the brain. It should be a joint operation of "multiple arms". It should not only be the work of brain scientists, but also the participation of physicists, chemists and mathematicians.
Quantum ﬁeld theory in the Schr¨odinger picture

The many-particle Schr¨odinger equation of quantum electrodynamics is set up and solved numerically, using a generalised version of a method from quantum chaos. The results for pair annihilation and creation are qualitatively correct. This is an alternative method for second quantisation, which works in the Schr¨odinger picture, without using time-ordered perturbation theory (Feynman dia-grams). It is thus, by construction, compatible with general relativity and with noncommutative geometry via the spin connection.
DiscoTest: Evolutionary Distributed Concurrency Testing of Blockchain Consensus Algorithms

Distributed concurrency bugs (DC bugs) are bugs that are triggered by a specific order of events in distributed systems. Traditional model checkers systematically or randomly test interleavings but suffer from the state-space explosion in long executions. This thesis presents DiscoTest, a testing tool for DC bugs in blockchain consensus algorithms. The tool guides the search for schedules that trigger DC bugs by an evolutionary algorithm (EA). We apply the tool to Ripple’s consensus algorithm (RCA) and design and evaluate two representations and fitness functions. We evaluate the representations on locality, redundancy, and scaling, by using graph edit distance (GED) to calculate the distance between schedules. We find that delay scheduling and priority scheduling are representations that allow variation operators of an EA to modify schedules. To evaluate the performance of the representations and fitness functions, we create a custom bug benchmark for RCA. An empirical comparison on the benchmark shows that delay scheduling with time fitness results in a significantly higher success rate than random search on one bug. Finally, we discover an in-production liveness bug in RCA.
SURFACE WAVES IN SOLAR GRANULATION OBSERVED WITH Sunrise

Solar oscillations are expected to be excited by turbulent flows in the intergranular lanes near the solar surface. Time series recorded by the IMaX instrument on board the Sunrise observatory reveal solar oscillations at high spatial resolution, which allow the study of the properties of oscillations with short wavelengths. We analyze two time series with synchronous recordings of Doppler velocity and continuum intensity images with durations of 32 minutes and 23 minutes, respectively, recorded close to the disk center of the Sun to study the propagation and excitation of solar acoustic oscillations. In the Doppler velocity data, both the standing acoustic waves and the short-lived, high-degree running waves are visible. The standing waves are visible as temporary enhancements of the amplitudes of the large-scale velocity field due to the stochastic superposition of the acoustic waves. We focus on the high-degree small-scale waves by suitable filtering in the Fourier domain. Investigating the propagation and excitation of f- and p1-modes with wavenumbers k>1.4 Mm−1, we also find that exploding granules contribute to the excitation of solar p-modes in addition to the contribution of intergranular lanes.
Enhancing Neural Topic Model with Multi-Level Supervisions from Seed Words

Efforts have been made to apply topic seed 001 words to improve the topic interpretability of 002 topic models. However, due to the semantic di-003 versity of natural language, supervisions from 004 seed words could be ambiguous, making it 005 hard to be incorporated into the current neu-006 ral topic models. In this paper, we propose 007 SeededNTM , a neural topic model enhanced 008 with supervisions from seed words on both 009 word and document levels. We introduce a 010 context-dependency assumption to alleviate the 011 ambiguities with context document informa-012 tion, and an auto-adaptation mechanism to au-013 tomatically balance between multi-level infor-014 mation. Moreover, an intra-sample consistency 015 regularizer is proposed to deal with noisy su-016 pervisions via encouraging perturbation and 017 semantic consistency. Extensive experiments 018 on multiple datasets show that SeededNTM can 019 derive semantically meaningful topics and out-020 performs the state-of-the-art seeded topic mod-021 els in terms of topic quality and classification 022 accuracy. 023
Universal Phone Recognition for Language Agnostic Keyword Search

Recently, significant advanced have been made 001 in universal phone recognition. Certain of these 002 methods allow researchers to recognize phones 003 in thousands of languages. In this paper, we ex-004 plore the usage of such universal phone recogni-005 tion for phonetic keyword search (KWS). That 006 is, we apply these methods to search for spe-007 cific sequences of phones, corresponding to 008 keywords, in a set of audio files. We find that 009 truly universal phone recognition might not be 010 viable for KWS, but phone recognition systems 011 can be fine-tuned with small amounts of data 012 (3-5 hours of recordings) to produce useful re-013 sults. 014
Efficacy ofMecobalaminTablets CombinedwithTroxerutin in the Treatment of NSCLC Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy

Objective. To assess the ecacy of mecobalamin tablets combined with troxerutin in the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Methods. From January 2020 to December 2021, 120 NSCLC patients with CIPN treated in our institution meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled and assigned to receive mecobalamin tablets treatment in the control group, or assigned to receive mecobalamin tablets combined with troxerutin treatment in the research group, with 60 patients in each group. All patients were evaluated for clinical ecacy, neuropathic score, patient-reported CIPN symptoms, neuropathic pain grade, and quality of life after 3 weeks of treatment. Results. ­e clinical treatment eective rate of the patients in the research group was signicantly higher than that of the patients in the control group (81.7% vs. 58.3%, P< 0.05). Compared with before treatment, neuropathic score, numbness and tingling score, hot/coldness in hands/feet score, and peripheral neurotoxicity grade in all patients decreased signicantly after treatment (P< 0.05). And these reductions were more considerable in the research group compared to the control group (P< 0.05). In addition, the quality of life scores (EORTC QLQC30) increased signicantly in all patients after treatment, and this rise was more considerable in the research group compared to the control group (P< 0.05). Conclusion. Mecobalamin tablets combined with troxerutin in the treatment of NSCLC patients with CIPN is eective and safe, and can signicantly improve the symptoms and quality of life of NSCLC patients with CIPN.
This paper is included in the Proceedings of the Eighteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2022)

Software developers are rarely security experts and often struggle with security-related programming tasks. The resources developers use to work on them, such as Stack-Overﬂow or Documentation, have a signiﬁcant impact on the security of the code they produce. However, work by Acar et al. [4] has shown that these resources are often either easy to use but insecure or secure but hard to use. In a study by Naiak-shina et al. [44], it was shown that developers who did not use resources to copy and paste code did not produce any secure solutions at all. This highlights how essential programming resources are for security. Inspired by the Let’s Encrypt and Certbot that support admins in conﬁguring TLS, we created a programming aid called Let’s Hash to help developers create secure password authentication code easily. We created two versions. The ﬁrst is a collection of code snippets developers can use, and the second adds a wizard interface on top that guides developers through the decisions which need to be made and creates the complete code for them. To evaluate the security and usability of Let’s Hash, we conducted a study with 179 freelance developers, asking them to solve three password programming tasks. Both versions of Let’s Hash signiﬁcantly outperformed the baseline condition in which developers used their regular resources. On average, Let’s Hash users were between 5 and 32 times as likely to create secure code than those in the control condition.
Fat2 polarizes the WAVE complex in 1 trans to align cell protrusions for 2 collective migration 3

For a group of cells to migrate together, each cell must couple the polarity of its 11 migratory machinery with that of the other cells in the cohort. Although collective cell migrations 12 are common in animal development, little is known about how protrusions are coherently 13 polarized among groups of migrating epithelial cells. We address this problem in the collective 14 migration of the follicular epithelial cells in Drosophila melanogaster . In this epithelium, the 15 cadherin Fat2 localizes to the trailing edge of each cell and promotes the formation of F-actin-rich 16 protrusions at the leading edge of the cell behind. We show that Fat2 performs this function by 17 acting in trans to concentrate the activity of the WASP family verprolin homolog regulatory 18 complex (WAVE complex) at one long-lived region along each cell’s leading edge. Without Fat2, 19 the WAVE complex distribution expands around the cell perimeter and ﬂuctuates over time, and 20 protrusive activity is reduced and unpolarized. We further show that Fat2’s inﬂuence is very local, 21 with sub-micron-scale puncta of Fat2 enriching the WAVE complex in corresponding puncta just 22 across the leading-trailing cell-cell interface. These ﬁndings demonstrate that a trans interaction 23 between Fat2 and the WAVE complex creates stable regions of protrusive activity in each cell and 24 aligns the cells’ protrusions across the epithelium for directionally persistent collective migration. genetic mosaic analysis and quantitative imaging of ﬁxed and live tissues to dissect Fat2’s 79 contributions to protrusivity and protrusion polarity at cell and tissue scales. We show that Fat2 signals in trans , entraining WAVE complex activity to one long-lived region 81 along each cell’s leading edge. Without Fat2, the WAVE complex accumulates transiently at dif- 82 ferent regions around the cell perimeter, and cell protrusivity is reduced and unpolarized. The 83 interaction between Fat2 and the WAVE complex is non-cell-autonomous but very local, with sub- 84 micron-scale puncta of Fat2 along the trailing edge concentrating the WAVE complex just across 85 the cell-cell interface, at the tips of ﬁlopodia embedded within the lamellipodium. These ﬁndings 86 demonstrate how an intercellular interaction between Fat2 and the WAVE complex promotes cell 87 protrusivity, stabilizes regions of protrusive activity along the cell perimeter, and aligns protru- 88 sions across the epithelium by coupling leading and trailing edges. Fat2-WAVE complex interaction 89 thereby stabilizes the planar polarity of protrusions for directionally persistent collective migration.
Efficient Japanese Tokenization Based on Improved Pointwise Linear Classification

This paper proposes multiple techniques to im-001 prove runtime efficiency of Japanese tokeniza-002 tion based on the Pointwise Linear Classifica-003 tion (PLC) framework, which formulates the 004 whole tokenization process as a sequence of 005 linear classification problems. Our techniques 006 are optimized by leveraging the characteristics 007 of the PLC framework and the task definition 008 itself. Specifically, we introduce (1) composing 009 multiple classifications into array-based opera-010 tions, (2) efficient feature lookup with memory-011 optimized automata, and (3) three orthogonal 012 preprocessing to reduce actual score calcula-013 tion. Combining these techniques, our imple-014 mentation works 5.7 times faster than the exist-015 ing tokenizer based on the same model without 016 any loss of tokenization accuracy. 1 017
NeuS: Neutral Multi-News Summarization for Framing Bias Mitigation

Media framing bias can lead to increased po-001 litical polarization, and thus, the need for auto-002 matic mitigation methods is growing. We pro-003 pose a new task, a neutral summary generation 004 from multiple news articles of the varying po-005 litical spectrum, to facilitate balanced and un-006 biased news reading. In this paper, we ﬁrst col-007 lect a new dataset, obtain some insights about 008 framing bias through a case study, and propose 009 a new effective metric and models for the task. 010 Lastly, we conduct experimental analyses to 011 provide insights about remaining challenges 012 and future directions. One of the most inter-013 esting observations is that generation models 014 can hallucinate not only factually inaccurate or 015 unveriﬁable content, but also politically biased 016 content. 017
Improving Data Augmentation in Low-resource Question Answering with Active Learning in Multiple Stages

Neural approaches have become very popular 001 in the domain of Question Answering, however 002 they require a large amount of annotated data. 003 Furthermore, they often yield very good perfor-004 mance but only in the domain they were trained 005 on. In this work we propose a novel approach 006 that combines data augmentation via question-007 answer generation and active learning to im-008 prove performance in low resource settings, 009 where the target domain is vastly different from 010 the source domain. Furthermore, we investigate 011 data augmentation via generation for question 012 answering in three different low-resource set-013 tings relevant in practice and how this can be 014 improved: 1) No labels for the target domain, 015 2) static, labelled data for the target domain and 016 3) an Active Learning approach with labels for 017 the target domain provided by an expert. In 018 all settings we assume sufficient amount of la-019 belled data from the source domain is available. 020 We perform extensive experiments in each of 021 the above conditions. Our findings show that 022 our novel approach, which combines data aug-023 mentation with active learning, boosts perfor-024 mances in the low-resource, domain-specific 025 setting, allowing for low-labelling-effort ques-026 tion answering systems in new, specialized do-027 mains. They further demonstrate how to best 028 utilize data augmentation to boost performance 029 in these settings. 030
Mental Health: Depression, Anxiety, and Anger in the USA

Using data from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES) for the United States for the period 2001 to 2003, this chapter addresses the question of inter-gender differences in depression, anxiety, and anger rates: how much of the observed difference in rates between men and women may be explained by differences between them in their exposure , and how much may be explained by differences between them in their response , to depression-inducing factors? The chapter makes two contributions: first, it uses an “interaction model” which allows men and women to respond differently to each of several condition-inducing factors, which is key in determining whether there is a significant difference between male and female responses. The overall conclusion is that, with a handful of exceptions, there are significant inter-gender differences in responses to all the variable categories. The second contribution of this chapter is to aggregate the different responses for the different variable categories into an overall response. This was achieved by applying the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition methodology to quantifying the contribution of differences in exposure, and differences in response, to inter-gender differences in depression, anxiety, and anger rates. The overall conclusion from this exercise is that the most important reason for women and men experiencing different rates of depression, anxiety, and anger is not levels of exposure, but rather that women respond differently from men to factors which induce these conditions.
A catalogue of integrated Hα fluxes for ~1100 Galactic planetary nebulae

Abstract We present new determinations of integrated Hα flux for ~1100 Galactic planetary nebulae measured from the Southern H-Alpha Sky Survey Atlas (SHASSA) and its northern counterpart, the Virginia Tech Spectral-Line Survey (VTSS). This catalogue is the largest homogeneous database of its kind, tripling the number of currently available measurements.
Recalage non rigide d'images médicales volumiques : contributions aux approches iconiques et géométriques

Le recalage non rigide d'images est un probleme classique et important en vision par ordinateur qui revient a deformer une image afin qu'elle ressemble a une autre. Les techniques existantes, tres nombreuses, sont generalement repertoriees selon l'information utilisee pour le recalage. D'un cote, les algorithmes iconiques utilisent l'intensite des images. De l'autre, les algorithmes geometriques utilisent des amers geometriques extraits des images, comme les bords d'un objet. Dans cette these, nous montrons d'abord que cette classification n'est pas assez fine pour expliquer certaines differences fondamentales entre le comportement de certains algorithmes. Nous proposons de ce fait de diviser la classe des algorithmes iconiques en deux : nous distinguons d'une part les algorithmes iconiques standard, et d'autre part les algorithmes de recalage d'amers iconiques. Nous introduisons une energie generale de recalage d'amers iconiques, puis nous developpons des instances particulieres de cette energie ayant des proprietes speciales selon l'application visee : ajout de contraintes geometriques supplementaires, invariance au biais non uniforme corrompant les images, regularisation vectorielle avec des effets croises, invariance par echange des images. Nous montrons des applications de nos algorithmes en suivi du mouvement dans des sequences echographiques tridimensionnelles, en recalage intersujet de cerveaux, et en interpolation de formes et d'intensites.