Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hooking Mortality of Walleyes Caught on Live and Artificial Baits

Abstract The potential benefits of catch and release or protective size limits in recreational fisheries for walleye Stizostedion vitreum can only be realized if released fish survive. In this study, hooking mortality rates were determined for adult walleyes caught on leeches and artificial lures in two Minnesota ponds. The mortality of walleyes caught and released by anglers in Klawitter's Pond was 5%, though confidence intervals indicated that hooking mortality could have been as high as 23%. Mortality of walleyes caught on leeches (10%) was higher than mortality for walleyes caught on artificial lures (0%). An estimate of hooking mortality in Clubhouse Pond, unadjusted for natural mortality, was 16%. Walleyes caught on artificial lures were hooked primarily in the lips, whereas fish caught with leeches tended to be hooked more deeply in the throat and gut. Walleyes caught on leeches were smaller than those caught with artificial lures and were more likely to be males. Catch rates were similar for live .
Repetitive Sequence and Sex Chromosome Evolution in Vertebrates

Sex chromosomes are the most dynamic entity in any genome having unique morphology, gene content, and evolution. They have evolved multiple times and independently throughout vertebrate evolution. One of the major genomic changes that pertain to sex chromosomes involves the amplification of common repeats. It is hypothesized that such amplification of repeats facilitates the suppression of recombination, leading to the evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes through genetic degradation of Y or W chromosomes. Although contrasting evidence is available, it is clear that amplification of simple repetitive sequences played a major role in the evolution of Y and W chromosomes in vertebrates. In this review, we present a brief overview of the repetitive DNA classes that accumulated during sex chromosome evolution, mainly focusing on vertebrates, and discuss their possible role and potential function in this process.
A DistilBERTopic Model for Short Text Documents

The analysis of short text documents has become a vital and challenging task. Topic models are utilized to extract topics from a large amount of text data. However, these topic models typically suffer from data sparsity problems when applied to short texts because of relatively lower word co-occurrence patterns. As a result, they tend to provide repetitive or trivial topics of poor quality. Therefore, we presented a DistilBERTopic model to remove the sparsity problem and discover quality topics more accurately from short texts. DistilBERTopic model utilized the pre-trained transformer-based language models, reduced the dimensionality effect on embedding, clustered these embeddings, and discovered the topics from short text documents. Experimental results demonstrate that the DistilBERTopic model achieves better classification and topic coherence than other state-of-the-art topic models for real-world datasets.
Interactive Rationale Extraction for Text Classification

Deep neural networks show superior performance in text classification tasks, but their poor interpretability and explainability can cause trust issues. For text classification problems, the identification of textual sub-phrases or “ra-tionales” is one strategy for attempting to find the most influential portions of text, which can be conveyed as critical in making classification decisions. Selective models for rationale extraction faithfully explain a neural classifier’s predictions by training a rationale generator and a text classifier jointly: the generator identifies rationales and the classifier predicts a category solely based on the rationales. The selected rationales are then viewed as the explanations for the classifier’s predictions. Through exchange of such explanations, humans interact to achieve higher performance in problem solving. To imitate the interactive process of humans, we propose a simple interactive rationale extraction architecture that selects a pair of rationales and then makes predictions from two independently trained selective models. We show how this architecture outperforms both base models for text classification tasks on datasets IMDB movie reviews and 20 Newsgroups in terms of predictive performance.
Cloning and expression of cytochrome P450 CYP6B7 in fenvalerate‐resistant and susceptible Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) from China

Our previous studies have found that the levels of cytochrome P450 and oxidative activities of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases were enhanced in a fenvalerate‐resistant strain (HDFR) of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) in China, comparing with those of a susceptible strain (HDS). Here, we report the molecular cloning and gene expression of a specific P450 CYP6B7 from HDFR and HDS strain of H. armigera. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence showed that there were three substitutions of amino acids in the coding region of CYP6B7 cDNA of HDFR strain, comparing with that of HDS strain. Meanwhile, there were three mutative nucleotides in the intron of CYP6B7 genomic DNA in HDFR strain. Northern blotting analysis showed that the expression of CYP6B7 mRNA in HDFR strain of H. armigera was more than 5‐fold higher than that in HDS strain. Further studies indicated that the expression of CYP6B7 mRNA increased as the larvae developed; however, it was rarely detected in the pupae and adult stages. The results suggested that cytochrome P450 CYP6B7 plays an important role in the pyrethroid insecticide fenvalerate resistance of HDFR strain of H. armigera; over‐expression of CYP6B7 combined with relevant substitution of amino acids might be responsible for fenvalerate‐resistance in H. armigera from China.
Effects of Habitat on Competition Between Kit Foxes and Coyotes

Abstract San Joaquin kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis mutica) are an endangered species with a narrow geographic range whose natural populations are limited by predation by coyotes (Canis latrans). In the warm, arid grassland and shrubland habitats where kit foxes occur, coyotes are more cover dependent than kit foxes, creating the possibility of habitat segregation. Effects of habitat variation on coyote and kit fox competition are unknown. We assessed exploitation and interference competition between coyotes and kit foxes in grassland and shrubland habitats to determine if such competition varies among habitats. With respect to exploitation competition, we evaluated habitat and spatial partitioning, diet, prey abundance, and survival for kit foxes and coyotes at the Lokern Natural Area in central California, USA, from January 2003 through June 2004. Kit foxes partitioned habitat, space, and diet with coyotes. Coyotes primarily used shrubland habitats whereas kit foxes selectively used burned grasslands. Kit foxes and coyotes had high dietary overlap with regards to items used, but proportional use of items differed between the 2 species. Kit foxes selected for Heermann's kangaroo rats (Dipodomys heermanni), which were closely tied to shrub habitats. With respect to interference competition, predation was the primary source of mortality for kit foxes, and survival of individual kit foxes was inversely related to proportion of shrub habitat within their home ranges. Our results suggest that a heterogeneous landscape may benefit kit foxes by providing habitat patches where predation risk may be lower.
Serological characterisation of citrus tristeza virus isolates from Israel

Summary Seven monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) showing homologous reactions with the VT strain of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) were tested against 21 CTV strains or isolates, representing the range of biological diversity and the geographical distribution of CTV in Israel. All the CTV strains gave positive reactions in ELISA with polyclonal antibodies and with one MAb (#25#2). Two MAbs; #13#21 and #3/7 reacted with 19 and 12 out of the 21 CTV strains, respectively. Seventeen CTV strains, including all those previously assigned by sequencing their coat protein gene (CPG) to the CPG-VT group (Mawassi, Gafny & Bar-Joseph, 1993), reacted with five or more MAbs. Four CTV strains of minor epidemiological importance, including two members of the CPG-MT group, did not react with five or more of the MAbs. These results indicated the existence of two serogroups of Israeli CTV strains that can be differentiated by MAbs and which closely correlate with and extend the previous CPG grouping. The extensive biological variation within each CPG group confirms recent analyses suggesting that the CTV pathogenic traits are not necessarily associated with a sequence or antigenic variation of the CTV-CPG.
SPACING BEHAVIOR OF EURASIAN THREE-TOED WOODPECKERS (PICOIDES TRIDACTYLUS) DURING THE BREEDING SEASON IN GERMANY

Abstract Data on spacing behavior of the Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) are rare, and systematic observations are lacking. I used homing technique (>90%) and triangulation to document range use of 28 radiotagged birds in an alpine mountain forest in southeastern Germany between 1994 and 2000. Common home range of a pair (x ± SE, n = 10) identified by the adaptive kernel method (95% use distribution) during the nesting period averaged 86.4 ± 23.4 ha and varied a great deal between pairs (range 33.9–287.4 ha). Although ranges of females (69.4 ± 15.4 ha, n = 14) appeared larger than those of males (45.7 ± 10.3 ha, n = 10), the difference was not significant. Prior to nesting and during the postnesting period, both sexes used seemingly larger home ranges than during nesting (≤381.7 ha); but again, the difference was not significant. Home ranges of mates (n = 20) during the nesting period overlapped an average of 66.5 ± 5.7% (≤100.0%); female ranges and core areas overlapped male ranges to a significantly greater extent than male ranges overlapped those of females. Nearly all home ranges bordered or overlapped those of their neighbors. Ranges of neighboring male-female combinations (n = 11) overlapped by 17.6 ± 3.9% during the nesting period, with an increasing tendency to overlap toward the end of the breeding season. Because areas used by Eurasian Three-toed Woodpeckers remained stable over the breeding season, I propose consideration of home ranges during nesting as a reliable estimate of species area requirements for use in management plans.
Remembering What Their Bodies Can't Forget

Each year, hundreds of thousands of women's bodies come under the knife of unjust and unwarranted gynecological and obstetrical procedures that leave them with an ongoing legacy of life-altering symptoms. Using the resolution scrapbook—a reflective and multimodal chronicling of a distressing event, two women come together to compose and share autoethnographies of their own harrowing experiences—an uninformed and unnesssary ovarectomy and an unanaesthetized caesarean. Although the move from private to public spaces in the examination of their lives was a difficult task, they recognized that as autoethnographers, this decision was an essential one to help in the ongoing fight for women and future generations to take back informed control of their bodies via the comfort of mutual company, the prospect of support, and the hope of empowerment via their own voices.
Pycnogonid‐cnidarian trophic interactions in the deep Monterey Submarine Canyon

Whale carcasses, sunken wood, and cold seeps provide organically enriched oases in the food-limited deep-sea benthos. At three such enriched habitats in Monterey Bay, CA, at a depth of nearly 3000 m, we observed pycnogonids (sea spiders) of at least two species, Colossendeis gigas and C. japonica, feeding on sea anemones that were commonly found there. Submersible remotely operated vehicles provided direct observations of feeding, as well as high definition video and photographic images. We recorded the co-occurrence of both pycnogonids and prey anemones during ten of 12 visits during 2002–2006. Anemones and pycnogonids were conspicuously more abundant at these oases than in the surrounding benthos. The sedentary anemone Anthosactis pearseae was attached directly to whalebones while the pom-pom anemone, Liponema brevicornis, was found resting on soft sediment, rolling in benthic currents, or accumulating where these currents were disrupted by topography, as at whale falls, wood falls, and clam fields. Both pycnogonid species were observed feeding on these anemones, either as predators or as micropredators.
Photosynthetic responses of Coffea arabica leaves to a short-term high light exposure in relation to N availability

It is known that the coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plant which is originally from shade habitats would have a limited ability to grow under full sun. Previous work has shown that nitrogen fertilisation can reduce the leaf damage when the plants are exposed to high light intensities during several days. In the present work we aimed to study the effects of the high irradiance during the first hours and evaluate the positive contribu­ tion of nitrogen fertilisation in the case of short-term exposure to strong light. Young plants (1.5-2 years old) grown in 1.5 kg of a mixed soil were supplemented with a nu­ trient solution containing 15 mM nitrogen in the form of NR;N03, every 7 days (2N treatment), 15 days (IN treatment) and 45 days (ON treatment). Top mature leaves were exposed to a photosynthetic photon flux density of 1500 Ilmol m2 S-I for a max­ imal period of 8 h, and changes in photosynthesis and pigment composition were monitored along the period of high light exposure. Photosynthetic capacity, leaf con­ ductance to water vapour, electron transport capacity and maximum carboxylation ac­ tivity, as well as some leaf fluorescence parameters (minimal fluorescence, photo­ chemical efficiency of PSH and quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport) were reduced by the stress, with a generally stronger impact observed in the ON plants. The photochemical quenching was affected only in the ON plants, while the non-photochemical quenching increased in 2N plants but decreased in the ON ones. The results showed that 2N plants presented a better initial status of the photosyn­ thetic parameters and of the content of photoprotective pigments. Those plants showed ability to trigger some protective mechanisms, as observed by the tendency to increase the xanthophyll pool content, specially in zeaxanthin and in non-photochem­ ical quenching. Also, protein content presented a tendency to increase after 1.5 h, which was maintained until the end of the high light period. We conclude that nitrogen availability is a key factor in the acclimation process to high light.
Transcriptional regulation of human β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase (hST6Gal I) gene during differentiation of the HL-60 cell line

We have previously shown that the expression of beta-galactoside alpha2,6-sialyltransferase (hST6Gal I) mRNA decreases during HL-60 differentiation induced with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and that transcriptional regulation depends on the P3 promoter that exists 5'-upstream of exon Y (A. Taniguchi et al., FEBS Lett.,441, 191-194, 1998). The regulation of hST6Gal I may be important for the expression of sialyl-Le(x)in HL-60 cells. In the present report, we studied the transcriptional regulation of hST6Gal I gene during DMSO-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells. To elucidate the molecular basis of hST6Gal I gene expression, the genomic region containing the P3 promoter of hST6Gal I was isolated and functionally characterized. Using a luciferase assay, we identified a functional DNA portion that confers an enhancer, located at nucleotide number (nt) -317 to -174 within the P3 promoter of hST6Gal I genomic DNA. This element contains two sequences similar to Sp1 (GC-box) and one sequence similar to Oct-1 recognition motifs (octamer sequence). Site-directed mutagenesis of Sp1 and Oct-1 sites showed that two Sp1 motifs and one Oct-1 motif are essential for transcriptional activity in HL-60 cells. Enhancer activity is suppressed during HL-60 cell differentiation induced with DMSO. These results suggest that GC-box and octamer sequence may play a critical role in the transcriptional regulation of the hST6Gal I gene during HL-60 cell differentiation.
LIFE-HISTORY RESPONSES TO VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS: STARVATION AND REPRODUCTION IN PLANKTONIC ROTIFERS

Zooplankton live in environments where resource abundance and quality can vary drastically over time. Success in nonequilibrium environments depends in part on the ability to store energy and control its allocation during periods of extreme food limitation or outright starvation. Starvation resistance is one measure of the ability of a species to persist when energy intake is less than energy expenditure. The life-history responses of nine species of planktonic rotifers to food deprivation were compared using cohort life- table experiments. Allometric patterns of energy storage and respiration rate lead to the prediction that larger species should have greater starvation resistance than smaller species. Contrary to this prediction, when rotifers were acclimated to high resource levels and starved as young adults, body mass did not predict starvation time. Rather, there was a trade-off between survival and reproduction during starvation. Some species did not reproduce during starvation and had high starvation times (up to 5.0 d). Other species maintained or increased fecundity relative to fed controls and had low starvation times (as low as 0.4 d). Species with more rapid senescence when fed tended to have shorter starvation times. However, the interspecific-trade-off between survival and reproduction remained after removing the effect of control survivorship. Differences in life-history responses to starvation may be critical in determining competitive outcome and community structure in variable environ- ments. When acclimated to low food levels prior to food deprivation, simulating conditions of declining resource abundance in nature, rotifer starvation time decreased. Juveniles had longer starvation times than adults, further supporting the idea that allocating energy to reproduction decreases starvation resistance.
A method for designing molecules for use in directing the antibody response to a chosen region of a protein antigen

reducing the antigenicity of a protein molecule, except that of a chosen region, so that the modified molecule, when used as an immunogen, would be expected to elicit an antibody response that is primarily directed at the chosen region. The chosen region could be a site that is critical to the structure or biological activity of the molecule, for example, a binding site for specific ligand, a catalytic site, a region that undergoes structural change for effective function, a neutralizing antibody epitope, etc. The method consists of (1) identifying the antibody epitopes that include the chosen region or part of it and (2) by judicious replacement of the amino acid residues, reducing the antigenicity of all the antibody epitopes of the molecule, except for those which include the chosen region. The method is useful in the design of vaccines, or of immunogens for the production of antibodies for various biochemical and medical applications. The method can also be used to design a molecule whose antigenicity is generally suppressed while preserving a critical region, e.g., when "humanizing" a nonhuman antibody by A reducing the antigenicity of the framework regions while preserving the structure and properties of the antigen-binding region.
In Vitro and in Planta Activity of Some Essential Oils against Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter

The effect of the essential oils of thyme ( Thymus vulgaris ), cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum ) and sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis ) on conidial germination of Venturia inaequalis was investigated in vitro . Moreover, the effect of cinnamon oil was further studied by analyzing its preventive and curative activity as well as its rainfastness in an apple seedling-Venturia pathosystem under growth chamber and greenhouse conditions. The essential oils suppressed the germination of conidia at concentrations of 0.01% and 0.1% effectively. The highest inhibition level was achieved with thyme oil. Cinnamon oil (0.2%) with Silwet Star adjuvant (0.02%) was protective and curative against Venturia inaequalis when applied 72 h, 24 h, 1 h before or 24 h, 72 h after inoculation of plants. Effective control was achieved when essential oil was applied by 24 h, 1 h or 24 h pre- or ost-inoculation, respectively. The 72 h application was less effective, however, it still showed decent control level. Although the simulated rainfall of light (1 mm), moderate (3 mm) and heavy (5 mm) rain decreased the control efficacy of cinnamon oil, the water amounts did not influence control level. The oil application resulted in a moderate and long lasting control (92% efficacy without rainfall, 65% efficacy with rainfall). The results of this study show that the tested essential oils are appropriate candidates for the development of biofungicides against apple scab.
Desenvolvimento biométrico de mudas de eucalipto sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação na fase de crescimento

Este estudo teve como objetivo a avaliacao do desenvolvimento de mudas de eucalipto sob distintas lâminas de irrigacao na etapa de crescimento. Hibridos de Eucalyptus urograndis (clone A) e Eucalyptus uroglobulos (clone B) foram submetidas as lâminas de 5, 9, 11, 14 e 15 mm. Foram mensuradas a altura, diâmetro do colo, biomassa fresca, biomassa seca e calculado o IQD. Do inicio ao fim do experimento, a altura das mudas variou de 17,75 a 30,27 cm e de 12,03 a 26,70 cm; o diâmetro do colo de 2,17 a 4,38 mm e de 1,88 a 3,13 mm; a biomassa fresca de 2,60 a 7,86 g muda -1 e 1,66 a 8,04 g muda -1 ; a biomassa seca de 0,89 a 2,45 g muda -1 e 0,42 a 1,97 g muda -1 ; e o IQD de 0,06 a 0,238 e 0,04 a 0,189, para os clones A e B, respectivamente. Para o clone A, a lâmina de 11 mm e a melhor a ser adotada para a fase de crescimento, pois permite o desenvolvimento de mudas de boa qualidade. Para o clone B a melhor lâmina foi a de 15 mm. O clone A apresentou desenvolvimento superior quando comparado ao clone B.
Investigating the Monophyly of Pellaea (Pteridaceae) in the Context of a Phylogenetic Analysis of Cheilanthoid Ferns

Abstract Cheilanthoid ferns have a worldwide distribution and are found in rocky and seasonally dry habitats. Difficulty in deciphering natural lineages of cheilanthoids has been attributed to morphological convergence associated with adaptation to xeric environments. The goal of this study was to investigate the monophyly of the genus Pellaea by generating a DNA sequence-based cheilanthoid phylogeny. DNA sequences of the chloroplast rps4 gene and rps4-trnS intergenic spacer (IGS) were generated from 105 exemplars; chloroplast trnL-F IGS sequences were also generated from 60 of these samples. Results show that Pellaea sensu Tryon and Tryon is polyphyletic; Pellaea sections Holcochlaena and Ormopteris are distant relatives of sections Pellaea and Platyloma and have closer relationships with Doryopteris. A monophyletic circumscription of “pellaeoid” ferns is here defined to include traditional P. sect. Pellaea, P. sect. Platyloma, Astrolepis, and elements of Paragymnopteris and Paraceterach, all of which form a clade sister to Argyrochosma. Several other novel systematic implications of cheilanthoid relationships are also presented. The distribution of base chromosome numbers across the cheilanthoid phylogeny reveals potential synapomorphies of x = 29 for the pellaeoid clade and x = 27 for Argyrochosma, and suggests a trend toward reduction in base number during cheilanthoid evolution. Current geographic distribution of cheilanthoid ferns suggests a history of multiple introductions into the Old World from several ancestral New World lineages.