Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid-\(\beta\) Links Lens and Brain Pathology in Down Syndrome

Down syndrome (DS, trisomy 21) is the most common chromosomal disorder and the leading genetic cause of intellectual disability in humans. In DS, triplication of chromosome 21 invariably includes the APP gene (21q21) encoding the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) amyloid precursor protein (APP). Triplication of the APP gene accelerates APP expression leading to cerebral accumulation of APP-derived amyloid- b peptides (A b ), early-onset AD neuropathology, and age-dependent cognitive sequelae. The DS phenotype complex also includes distinctive early-onset cerulean cataracts of unknown etiology. Previously, we reported increased A b accumulation, co-localizing amyloid pathology, and disease-linked supranuclear cataracts in the ocular lenses of subjects with AD. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that related AD-linked A b pathology underlies the distinctive lens phenotype associated with DS. Ophthalmological examinations of DS subjects were correlated with phenotypic, histochemical, and biochemical analyses of lenses obtained from DS, AD, and normal control subjects. Evaluation of DS lenses revealed a characteristic pattern of supranuclear opacification accompanied by accelerated supranuclear A b accumulation, co-localizing amyloid pathology, and fiber cell cytoplasmic A b aggregates ( , 5 to 50 nm) identical to the lens pathology identified in AD. Peptide sequencing, immunoblot analysis, and ELISA confirmed the identity and increased accumulation of A b in DS lenses. Incubation of synthetic A b with human lens protein promoted protein aggregation, amyloid formation, and light scattering that recapitulated the molecular pathology and clinical features observed in DS lenses. These results establish the genetic etiology of the distinctive lens phenotype in DS and identify the molecular origin and pathogenic mechanism by which lens pathology is expressed in this common chromosomal disorder. Moreover, these findings confirm increased A b accumulation as a key pathogenic determinant linking lens and brain pathology in both DS and AD. Anonymous Foundation (LEG); Cure Alzheimer’s Fund, Wellesley Hills, MA (RDM); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (LEG); and Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Boston, MA (NIH ADCC grant P30AG13846). The funding sponsors had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. The senior corresponding author (LEG) has full access to all study data and takes final responsibility for the decision to submit the results of the study for publication.
Behavior of Nitrogen During AOD Process

A computational model based on mass transfer and thermodynamic data as well as kinetic information from the industrial AOD process has been created in order to simulate the nitrogen content of the stainless steel melt as a function of blowing time. The model uses Butler's equation to calculate the reaction area available for nitrogen transfer between the steel and gas bubbles. Thermodynamic driving force is calculated as a function of temperature as well as stainless steel melt and gas compositions. According to the study effective surface area for nitrogen transfer achieved its maximum as well as thermodynamic driving force is also high during the 1st stage (absorption). During desorption effective reaction surface area is only approximately 7–9%. Typical initial nitrogen contents were about 400 ppm whereas the maximum values of 1000–1500 ppm were achieved before nitrogen argon switch-point. Simulations showed that desorption rate of nitrogen is low and final nitrogen contents below 400 ppm's are very difficult to be achieved economically. According to the simulations model predicts final nitrogen content of stainless steel melt after AOD process with 50 ppm accuracy.
Microbiological Attributes of Soil Under Spontaneous Restoration

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vegetation on soil microbial activity during spontaneous restoration and the effect of remaining eucalypts on the restoration stage of reserve ranges installed in eucalypt plantations. The studied areas were in the following stages: initial restoration stage with and without remaining eucalypts; advanced restoration stage with and without remaining eucalypts. Areas of Cerrado, native forest and commercial eucalypt plantation (Eucalypts) were evaluated for reference. Principal component analysis detected the following groups: 1Cerrado and areas in initial restoration stage with or without eucalypts and areas in advanced restoration stage without eucalypts; 2areas in advanced restoration stage with eucalypts; 3native forest; 4Eucalypts. The restoration areas are at intermediate stage of recovery, slightly superior to the advanced stage. Basal respiration, organic and microbial soil carbon and microbial and metabolic quotients were more similar to those observed in Cerrado than in eucalypt cultivation areas and little influence of the remaining eucalypts plants was observed.
Screening, purification of tannase produced from Iraqi Klebsiella pneumonia isolates and its role in enhancement of biofilm inhibition formed by Enterobacteriaceae isolates

In this study, tannase enzyme was produced from an Iraq Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. K. pneumoniae were identified by Vitek system and confirmed by housekeeping 16s rRNA gene (amplified size 155 bp). Tannase was genotpically detected by amplification tanA gene (amplified size 210 bp) followed by sequencing. The tannase activity reached its maximum level when this isolate was cultivated under the optimal conditions which are consisted of using 2.8 g of nutrient agar containing 2% (w/v) tannic acid as a carbon source at pH 5.5 and temperature of 37°C for 24 h. The Tannase had been purified by using three meth ods: ammonium sulphate, ion exchange and gel filtration. The first method leads to gain a tannase precipitation at 70% ammonium sulphate which is considered as a partial purification where tannase activity was 80U/ml. In comparison, 300 U/mg tannase activities had been gained by using ion exchange with 4.31 fold of purification and a yield of 21.4%. Finally, a tannase activity of 500 U/mg is gained by using gel filtration with 5.75 fold of purification and a yield of 21.4%. The purified tannase is a single peptide with approximate molecular mass of 46.5 kDa as assessed by SDSPAGE. The purified tannase have been inhibited biofilm formation ability in a dose-independent manner by all gram negative Enterobacteriaceae.
Infeasible Path Detection Based on Code Pattern and Backward Symbolic Execution

This paper sets out to reveal the relationship between code pattern and infeasible paths and gives advices to the selection of infeasible path detection techniques. Lots of program paths are proved to be infeasible, which leads to imprecision and low efficiency of program analysis. Detection of infeasible paths is required in many areas of software engineering including test coverage analysis, test case generation, and security vulnerability analysis. The immediate cause of path infeasibility is the contradiction of path constraints, whose distribution will affect the performance of different program analysis techniques. But there is a lack of research on the distribution of contradict constraints currently. We propose a code pattern based on the empirical study of infeasible paths; the statistical result proves the correlation of the pattern with contradict constraints. We then develop a path feasibility detection method based on backward symbolic execution. Performance of the proposed technique is evaluated from two aspects: the efficiency of detecting infeasibility paths for specific program element and the improvement of applying the technique on code coverage testing.
Factor analysis of the Lithuanian equity market indices

Statistical measures that can reproduce the state of the stock market and the tendencies of its change dynamics are the stock indexes. Having in mind the more complicated state of the finance system it is important to answer the question of what impacts the fluctuations of the stock prices. The article discusses various factors that impact the fluctuations of the Lithuanian stock index OMXV ; also stock index factor analysis is performed. Factors are determined using the main components method.
Effect of a 6-week exercise intervention for improved neck muscle strength in amateur male rugby union players.

Received: 13.12. 2019 Accepted: 31.03. 2020 Online: 03.04. 2020 Neck strengthening for players in impact sports like rugby is receiving greater attention lately due to postulated associations with head and neck injury and concussion and while research is available on the effectiveness of neck strengthening interventions on professional rugby players, the same research has not been conducted on amateurs who make up the majority of rugby players. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a 6-week neck strengthening intervention on a group of male amateur rugby union players (20.1 ± 2.0 yr, mean ± SD). In a randomized controlled trial, players worked with their trainer to practice neck-specific strengthening exercises 3 times per week for 6 weeks (strength group, n = 22) or performed no additional neck strengthening exercises (control group, n =17). Isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was measured pre and post the intervention in 4 different directions (flexion, extension, left and right lateral flexion). Compared to the control group the strength group improved neck strength in all directions except flexion (flexion 7.1 ± 13.0 kg, mean ± SD, 75/18/7%, chances of positive/trivial/negative increase in strength, p = 0.28; extension 13.5 ± 14.6 kg, 92/7/1%, p = 0.07; left lateral flexion 13.5 ± 11.3 kg, 97/3/0%, p = 0.02; right lateral flexion 13.8 ± 14.9 kg, 92/7/1%, p = 0.07. Our results indicate that a simple 6-week neck strengthening program improves isometric MVC strength in male amateur rugby players.
Single nanoparticle sensing with nanoelectromechanical resonators operating at nonlinear regime

SINGLE NANOPARTICLE SENSING WITH NANOELECTROMECHANICAL RESONATORS OPERATING AT NONLINEAR REGIME Mert Yüksel M.S. in Mechanical Engineering Advisor: Mehmet Selim Hanay August 2019 Machines working at the nanoscale dimensions offer an important technological opportunity for healthcare and biomedical screening. State-of-the-art nanomachines are usually operated at small displacements, since engineering tools for their control at large vibration amplitudes have so far been absent. Nanoelectromechanical Systems (NEMS) have emerged as a promising technology for performing the mass spectrometry of large biomolecules and nanoparticles. Nanoparticles constitute an important family in the nanotechnology toolbox, because they indicate potential pollutions early on, or can be designed to act as drug carriers for cancer therapy. As nanoscale objects land on NEMS sensor one by one, they induce resolvable shifts in the resonance frequency of the sensor proportional to their weight. The operational regime of NEMS sensors is often limited by the onset-of-nonlinearity, beyond which the highly sensitive schemes based on frequency tracking by phase-locked loops cannot be readily used. Here, we develop a measurement architecture to operate at the nonlinear regime and measure frequency shifts induced by analytes in a rapid and sensitive manner. We used this architecture to individually characterize the mass of gold nanoparticles and verified the results by performing independent measurements of the same nanoparticles based on linear mass sensing. Once the feasibility of the technique is established, we have obtained the mass spectrum of a 20 nm gold nanoparticle sample by individually recording about five hundred single particle events using two modes working sequentially in the nonlinear regime. The technique obtained here can be used for thin nanomechanical structures which possess a limited dynamic range.
An Estimation Method for Environmental Friction Based on Body Dynamic Model of Caenorhabditis elegans

Caenorhabditis elegans is a small worm which is approximately 1 mm in length. The present study proposes an estimation method for frictional force using locomotion information obtained from video analysis of actual worms. The results indicate that the body model driven by the estimated frictional force can trace the locomotion of the worm within a low error level of 4% of the body length. The proposed method can be applied to analyze the relationship between friction and gait control.
The Impact of Data Analytics on Decision Making Processes and Firm Performance

This paper investigates decision making in data-intensive organisations and its impact on organisational structure and firm performance. It is increasingly evident that data analytics are playing a crucial role in supporting organisations’ managerial and strategic decision making. This study shows that elements such as empowerment and organisational structure, play an important mediating role in enabling decision making. This study looks into three case studies, and the results show that these cases have distinctively different approaches to data analytics, and that their decision making processes are directly affected by how they are structured and the level of empowerment of the decision makers.
Semiology of Semantic Components in Iranian Gardens Case Study: Eram and Narenjestan Gardens in Shiraz

The study of Iranian gardens and the features of its elements make it possible to identify the symbolism of nature. In fact, we can understand the hidden concepts in the gardens by examining its semantic features and signs. The obligation of an architect in Islamic architecture is transmitting the semantic message to the audience. That is why signs and its features in art and architecture are concerned important. In this research, it was tried to identify the semantic components of the signs used in the Iranian gardens of Shiraz. According to the literature review of this research, index and iconic signs are based on qualitative analysis of the elements that are present in these gardens through observations. While in order to reach symbolic signs that is influenced by socio-cultural norms, Space Syntax method has been used. The comparison of the social logic in the case gardens shows that these gardens are similar to each other in terms of social structure which is derived from customs and beliefs of that society. By comparing the elements in the gardens, it can be concluded that some of the elements are used more often than others to express the concepts as signs. Accordingly, the repetition of the signs and the emphasis on their frequent use makes it possible for the audience to have a better comprehension from the signs and concepts of the gardens as a semantic aspect of universe. This research contributes architects to revive lost identity of the built environment in the developing countries.
The role of nanoparticles in Arctic cloud formation

Abstract. To constrain uncertainties in radiative forcings associated with aerosol--cloud interactions, improved understanding of Arctic cloud formation is required, yet long-term measurements of the relevant cloud and aerosol properties remain sparse. We present the first long-term study of cloud residuals, i.e. particles that were involved in cloud formation, and ambient aerosol particles in Arctic low-level clouds measured at Zeppelin Observatory, Svalbard. A detailed evaluation of the ground-based counter-flow virtual impactor inlet system is also presented. Cloud residuals as small as 15 nm are routinely observed especially during the dark period and are potentially linked to ice, supporting prior work suggesting that classical droplet activation is not the only relevant process in the formation of Arctic low-level clouds. The reported measurements and findings provide a new basis for improving our understanding of Arctic clouds and for developing robust parameterisations of mixed-phase clouds in Earth system models.
Comparative Study of Adhesion of Brackets with Metal Injection Molding (MIM) Technology and Welded bases: In vitro Study

Brackets bonded to enamel surface depend on the adhesion material and the quality of the bracket base. The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of metallic brackets with Metal Injection Molding (MIM) technology base or welded base. Forty mandibular extracted premolars mounted in acrylic resin blocks were divided randomly into two groups, both bonded with Transbond XT. In Group 1, brackets with MIM technology bases (Masel) were used, and in group 2, brackets with a welded base (Morelli) were used. After 24 hours, all brackets were tested for shear bond strength in a universal testing machine. Intergroup comparison was performed with an independent t test. MIM base brackets showed a mean maximum load registered of 107.55 N, a mean shear bond strength of 9.58 MPa with a standard deviation of 5.80 MPa and the welded base brackets showed a mean maximum load of 167.37 N, a mean shear bond strength of 13.28 MPa with a standard deviation of 2.58 MPa. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant, indicating a higher shear bond strength of the welded base brackets. It was concluded that the brackets with welded bases presented a significantly higher shear bond strength than the brackets with MIM bases.
Comparing Maltese School-Based Counselling with Nine Other Countries.

This research identifies activities that Maltese School-based Counsellors (MSC) engage in and perceived as appropriate for their role. The article also compared Maltese schoolbased counselling with counselling in other countries. The results reflect both (a) the influence of the American and British models of counselling and (b) the unique cultural context. MSCs evidenced congruence with regard to perceptions of appropriateness and actual activities carried out. However some activities, which they considered as appropriate, were not being carrying out. This may mean either that counsellors’ workloads were untenable, or that the job descriptions, remits and boundaries of the psychosocial team in the Maltese model may be limiting practice. Recommendations include reflecting on the Maltese psychosocial system so that students can best benefit from all the teams’ professionals, at the same time, allow for flexibility and trans-disciplinary teamwork to reduce fragmentation (e.g., Klein, 2008; Liao, 2016; Vyt,
Overexpression of Iris lactea tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporter gene IlNHXconfers improved salt tolerance in tobacco

Sodium cation compartmentalization into vacuoles is one of the effective strategies for adaptation of halophytes to saline environments. Tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) is involved in Na+ sequestration into vacuoles under salt stress. However, the function of NHX in halophyte Iris lactea is still unclear. In this study, a significant positive correlation was observed between Na+ accumulations and IlNHX expression in tissues under 0 200 mM NaCl, indicating IlNHX might be responsible for Na+ accumulation of I. lactea under salt stress. More important, IlNHX was specifically localized to the tonoplast. Transgenic tobacco expressing IlNHX grew better and showed higher tolerance to 200 mM NaCl than respective wild type (WT). Compared to WT, transgenic tobacco accumulated more Na+ and K+ and maintained higher K+/Na+ ratios in tissues, accompanied by the reduction of chlorophyll loss and lipid peroxidation in the presence of NaCl. Moreover, transgenic tobacco exhibited markedly higher vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) activity relative to WT when subjected to salt stress. The findings suggest that transgenic plants overexpressing IlNHX could compartmentalize more Na+ into vacuoles in tobacco via enhanced V-ATPase activity, which further contributes to maintaining K+ and Na+ homeostasis, to improved photosynthesis, and to protection of cell membrane integrity under salt stress. Additional key words: K+/Na+ ratios, Na+ compartmentalization, Nicotiana tabacum, tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporter, vacuolar H+-ATPase. Submitted 16 June 2019, last revision 7 October 2019, accepted 15 October 2019. Abbreviations: Chl chlorophyll; CHLA chloroplasts autofluorescence; GFP green fluorescent protein; GLA glufosinate ammonium; MDA malondialdehyde; NHX tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporter; V-ATPase vacuolar H+-ATPase. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 31601991 and 31971752), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 6152008), the Scientific Innovation Ability Construction Project of BAAFS (Grant No. KJCX20170110), and the Institute for Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of BAAFS (Grant No. JNKST201604). * Corresponding author; fax: (+86) 10 515 03297, e-mail: menglin9599@sina.com This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND Licence
An Application of Cluster Analysis Method to Determine Vietnam Airlines’ Ground Handling Service Quality Benchmarks

This paper recommends that Vietnam Airlines use a pro-offered model to both evaluate and improve its current service network being operated at international airports. The model includes cluster analysis, ANOVA, and Scheffe post hoc to provide service performance insights and to serve as a complementary corporate benchmark for evaluating service potential and for identifying deficient service areas. By means of this model, the managerial board can designate a potent strategy for ground handling service. Additionally, the given model provides expatriate station managers with a clearer viewpoint of the localized productivity level as performed in relation to other airports concomitant within their own clusters.
Sediment Transport in the Intake Area of the Cardinal Plant: CFD Model

Sedimentation is a chronic problem in many riverside water intakes. As part of US EPA rule 316(b) of the Clean Water Act, American Electrical Power and Buckeye Power Inc. are considering the installation of submerged cylindrical wedge-wire screens in the intake area of the Cardinal Plant. A study was performed to evaluate the sediment transport to the intake area and deposition near the screens. This study was comprised of three primary activities: perform on-site field work, construct and perform tests with a 1/24 reduced-scale laboratory model, and develop and perform simulations with a CFD model. This paper describes the CFD model. Sediments are modeled using a particle tracking technique considering that sediment particles can be suspended, deposited or move as bed load depending on the local shear stress. The model was validated against velocity data collected in the river upstream and near the intake and sediment deposition location in the reduced-scale laboratory model. Buoyancy forces, included in the model, originating from temperature differences played an important role in the flow pattern near the intake. According to the model, sediment deposition could negatively affect intake operation with the submerged screens if not properly mitigated. Model results indicated that a wall upstream of the intake minimizes the deposition of sediment near the right bank. However, the wall promotes the entrainment of warm water from the discharge canal into the intake. The inclusion of both a thermal curtain and upstream wall was the best alternative to comply with EPA Rule 316(b) using submerged screens.
Cell design/fabrication and optimization of cell components for rechargeable all-liquid metal batteries

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