Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methods for achieving equivalence of samples in cross-national surveys: the European Social Survey experience

Most surveys carried out at national or subnational level involve a single sample design and sampling frame. Where multiple frames are used, they are typically used to access different subpopulations. For cross-national surveys, however, it is usually necessary to use a different design in each nation to sample from an analogous national population. Cross-national sampling frames are rare. In this article, we describe procedures used to obtain equivalence of sample designs in 22 nations in Round 1 of the European Social Survey (ESS). We evaluate the implementation of the procedures and we summarise lessons for the design of cross-national surveys. We focus particularly on novel aspects of the procedures. These include specification of national sample sizes in terms of ? effective sample size? and provision of guidelines on how to predict design effect components and how to use the predictions to determine the necessary sample size. We also discuss procedures for interaction between the various parties involved: the ESS central co-ordinating team, the ESS sampling panel, national co-ordinators and field work organisations.
Asteroidal Heating and Thermal Stratification of the Asteroidal Belt

The asteroid belt is thermally stratified, with melted or metamorphosed asteroids dominating the inner belt and relatively unaltered asteroids dominating the outer belt. The compositional structure of the asteroid belt is a unique signature of the heating agent that caused melting and metamorphism of planetesimals in the early solar nebula, thus it constitutes an important test of plausibility of heating mechanisms. Previous work attributes the stratification to a radial thermal gradient in the solar nebula or heating by 26Al decay or electromagnetic induction. Present thinking attributes the thermal stratification of multiple processes that were active in the early solar system, including 26Al, the dependence to accretion timescale on heliocentric distance, the presence of ice in planetesimals that formed in the outer belt, and loss of primitive material by collisional disruption of small asteroids over the age of the solar system.
A Gravity Model Analysis of the Benefits of Economic Integration in the Pacific Rim

A modified gravity model of international trade is used to evaluate determi - nants of flows of commodities most often traded in the Pacific Rim. It is shown that the gravity model can be reparameterized effectively by using time series and cross section data rather than using cross section data alone. Documented evidence indicates that all independent variables including income, export and import unit values, exchange rates, and membership in regional trade groups are major determinants of trade flows in the Pacific Rim. Specifically, member - ship in the ASEAN significantly increased trade creation among members as well as fostered trade diversion from members to nonmembers. However, the impact of membership in the NAFTA on trade flows in the Pacific Rim is limit - ed and appears to be commodity specific.
Quench Protection and Magnet Power Supply Requirements For the MICE Focusing and Coupling Magnets

This report discusses the quench protection and power supply requirements of the MICE superconducting magnets. A section of the report discusses the quench process and how to calculate the peak voltages and hotspot temperature that result from a magnet quench. A section of the report discusses conventional quench protection methods. Thermal quench back from the magnet mandrel is also discussed. Selected quench protection methods that result in safe quenching of the MICE focusing and coupling magnets are discussed. The coupling of the MICE magnets with the other magnets in the MICE is described. The consequences of this coupling on magnet charging and quenching are discussed. Calculations of the quenching of a magnet due quench back from circulating currents induced in the magnet mandrel due to quenching of an adjacent magnet are discussed. The conclusion of this report describes how the MICE magnet channel will react when one or magnets in that channel are quenched. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract
The Influence of Gender and Sex Role Orientation on the Perceived Effectiveness of Therapist Self-Disclosure

Therapist Self-Disclosure 2 The present study examined the influence of therapist gender and subject sex role orientation on theperceived effectiveness of therapist self-disclosure. Subjects were 207 female college students who read written vignettes of a mock therapist discussing interpersonal issues in an initial therapy session. Therapist gender and disclosure level (negative versus no disclosure) were manipulated; ratings of perceived attractiveness, expertness, and trustworthiness were measured by the Counselor Rating Form (Barak & Lacrosse, 1975), and subject sex role orientation was measured by the Bern Sex Role Inventory (Bern, 1974). Results indicate that male therapists who negatively self-disclose are perceived as more trustworthy than male therapists who do not disclose, and therapists who negatively disclose are perceived as more attractive than those who do not self-disclose. Although subject sex role orientation did not predict ratings of therapist effectiveness, it was found that the relationship between a subject's femininity score and perceived therapist expertness may be quadratic. Implications of the present study and directions for future research are discussed. Therapist Self-Disclosure 3 The Influence of Gender and Sex Role Orientation on the Perceived Effectiveness of Therapist Self-Disclosure. Therapist self-disclosure is a professional and ethical issue receiving much attention regarding its effectiveness in the therapy hour. The decisions of what and when a therapist should disclose personal information about himor herself are paramount if this therapeutic tool is to be used to its greatest advantage. The client's perceived effectiveness of self-disclosure is an important factor in maintaining therapeutic contact between therapist and client, especially during an initial interview. For instance, it hns been found that therapist self-disclosure promotes the feeling of a shared "sameness" with the counselor, thus encouraging more disclosure on the part of the client (Lundeen & Schuldt, 1989). Moreover, it has been found that a significant relationship exists between the amount of time an experimenter discloses himself and the length of time a subject spoke about him or herself (Jourard & Jaffe, 1970). Likewise, Graff ( 1970) found that ratings of effectiveness for counselors demonstrating high levels of self-disclosure were more favorable than those with low levels of disclosure. Thus, it appears that if "one wishes to invite disclosure from another person, an effective means of doing so is to engage in the activity oneself," (Jourard & Jaffe, 1970, p. 256). However, many still dismiss self-disclosure as an interference in the client's work in therapy. Peca-Baker & Friedlander ( 1989), contend that the more atherapist
Automatically Generating a Sentiment Lexicon for The Malay Language

This paper aims to propose an automated sentiment lexicon generation model specifically designed for the Malay language. Lexicon-based Sentiment Analysis (SA) models make use of a sentiment lexicon for SA tasks, which is a linguistic resource that comprises a priori information about the sentiment properties of words. A sentiment lexicon is an indispensable resource for SA tasks. This is evident in the emergence of a large volume of research focused on the development of sentiment lexicon generation algorithms. This is not the case for low-resource languages such as Malay, for which there is a lack of research focused on this particular area. This has brought up the motivation to propose a sentiment lexicon generation algorithm for this language. WordNet Bahasa was first mapped onto the English WordNet to construct a multilingual word network. A seed set of prototypical positive and negative terms was then automatically expanded by recursively adding terms linked via WordNet’s synonymy and antonymy semantic relations. The underlying intuition is that the sentiment properties of newly added terms via these relations are preserved. A supervised classifier was employed for the word-polarity tagging task, with textual representations of the expanded seed set as features. Evaluation of the model against the General Inquirer lexicon as a benchmark demonstrates that it performs with reasonable accuracy. This paper aims to provide a foundation for further research for the Malay language in this area.
An approach to the scaling problem in hydrological modelling: the deterministic modelling hydrological system

A brief description of the Deterministic Modelling Hydrological System (DMHS) ‘Runoff–Erosion–Pollution’ proposed by the first author is presented. This system is being developed with the aim of giving it a universal character so that it can be applied in mountainous and flat terrain, and in basins of different natural climatic zones regardless of their size. The main feature of the model is its independence of the scaling problem. The basis of our approach consists of a simple theory of runoff elements. This is different from the generally accepted use of partial differential equations such as the Saint Venant equation for surface and channel flow and the Boussinesq equation for underground waters describing the water movement from runoff formation origins to the basin outlet. The results of runoff simulation for six mountainous watersheds of different sizes across Eastern Siberia within the Lena River basin and their statistical evaluation are presented. The selected river basins ranged in size from about 40 km2 (small scale) to the entire Lena River basin (2·4 million km2), classified as a large‐scale basin. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonexistence of a Minimizer for Thomas–Fermi–Dirac–von Weizsäcker Model

Ω×Ω 1 |x− y| dx dy. A nonexistence result similar to Theorem 1 also holds. Theorem 2. There exists constant V0 > 0, such that the variational problem (4) inf |Ω|=V E(Ω) does not have a minimizer if V ≥ V0. If the Coulomb term is not present in (1) and (3), a standard Modica-Mortela type result establishes a link between the two functional through Gamma convergence when the volume constraint m is large. This is no longer valid for the energy functionals (1) and (3) due to the Coulomb term. The connection between the two functionals is just on the formal level.
How Nurses Views Themselves in Turkey: A Qualitative SWOT Analysis

Purpose: The study was carried out to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that define the current situation of nursing in Turkey and to develop suggestions. Method: This study is a qualitative research. SWOT analysis was performed among key informants in the study.A purposive sampling technique targeted key informants involved in 12 students attending Nursing Doctorate Program. The data in the study were collected by instruments include self-reporting tools which Personal Information Form and Semi-Constructed Interview Form.Using a semi-structured group interview in this study. The thematic analysis method was used for data evaluation. The points compiled were grouped by theme for each of the 4 categories which the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to the nursing profession in Turkey. Results: The average age of the participants in the study was 32.5 ± 0.6 and theprofession year average was 12.5 ± 6.6. In the study, nursing education, the numerical majority of nurses,and their legal rights, presence of occupational associations, increasing number of scientific researches were indicated as strengths of the nursing profession; unfavorable work conditions, an inadequacy of professional awareness and organizing, inequalites in educational levels and insufficient foreign language knowledge were indicated as the weaknesses of the nursing profession. Also, job finding opportunities, career chance, wide research area, gaining problem solution and practical thinking ability and spiritual satisfaction were expressed as the opportunities in the nursing profession; negative workers’ health, high anxiety of malpractice and making mistakes, increasing rate of work load, nurse aides and male nurses having administrative duties were expressed as threats against the nursing profession. Conclusion: According to the obtained data, it was determined that there are new opportunities in the nursing profession in the face of rapidly changing conditions and at the same time, structuring was needed to be directed to this.
Arabic Diagnostic Rhyme Test using minimal pairs

In this paper, we try to adapt to Arabic the diagnostic rhyme test (DRT) developed by Voiers for English and adapted to French by Peckels & Rossi. DRT is specific to each language and is essential to subjective assessments of coders and synthesizers. Six Arabic pertinent dimensions are used which are acuteness, compactness, tenseness, stridence, nasality and flatness. 72 monosyllabic meaningful pairs of words called minimal pairs have been developed. The apprehensibility of every attribute is tested in each of six vowel contexts. Every feature has been repeated six times and has been paired twice with every vowel.
Substructuring Method in Structural Health Monitoring

In sensitivity-based finite element model updating, the eigensolutions and eigensensitivities are calculated repeatedly, which is a time-consuming process for large-scale structures. In this chapter, a forward substructuring method and an inverse substructuring method are proposed to fulfill the model updating of large-scale structures. In the forward substructuring method, the analytical FE model of the global structure is divided into several independent substructures. The eigensolutions of each independent substructure are used to recover the eigensolutions and eigensensitivities of the global structure. Consequently, only some specific substructures are reanalyzed in model updating and assembled with other untouched substructures to recover the eigensolutions and eigensensitivities of the global structure. In the inverse substructuring method, the experimental modal data of the global structure are disassembled into substructural flexibility. Afterwards, each substructure is treated as an independent structure to reproduce its flexibility through a model-updating process. Employing the substructuring method, the model updating of a substructure can be conducted by measuring the local area of the concerned substructure solely. Finally, application of the proposed methods to a laboratory tested frame structure reveals that the forward and inverse substructuring methods are effective in model updating and damage identification.
Potential for Conflict Index: Hunters' Responses to Chronic Wasting Disease

Abstract A goal of human dimensions research is to provide input that will improve decision making regarding wildlife management. When communicating results to managers, it is imperative that human dimensions researchers provide clear statistical information and convey the practical implications of their findings. To assist this effort, this paper describes a formula for computing a Potential for Conflict Index (PCI) and presents a graphic technique for displaying results. The PCI values range between 0 and 1, where 0 suggests no conflict and 1 suggests maximum conflict. To illustrate computation and graphic display of the PCI, we present data from a study of Wisconsin deer (Odocoileus spp.) hunters' attitudes and behavior in response to chronic wasting disease (CWD). Results suggest that PCI facilitates understanding hunters' behavior (e.g., likelihood of hunting) and attitudes regarding management actions (e.g., herd eradication) in response to CWD. The PCI allows managers to better understand controversial issues and take proactive steps targeted at specific stakeholders to minimize conflict before implementing a policy. We encourage researchers to adopt the PCI technique or variations of it.
Calibrating Observed Differential Gene Expression for the Multiplicity of Genes on the Array

In a gene expression array study, the expression levels of thousands of genes are monitored simultaneously across various biological conditions on a small set of subjects. One goal of such studies is to explore a large pool of genes in order to select a subset of genes that appear to be differently expressed for further investigation. Of particular interest here is how to select the top k genes once genes are ranked based on their evidence for differential expression in two tissue types. We consider statistical methods that provide a more rigorous and intuitively appealing selection process for k. We propose to choose genes based on adjusted p-values (AP values). The AP values are calculated with a resampling based algorithm assuming that no genes are truly differentially expressed, and take into account the multiplicity and dependence encountered in microarray data. Using both simulated data and real microarray data, we assess and compare the performance of our new method with existing methods. The intuitive basis for the AP values and the fact that our procedure has operating characteristics at least as good as existing procedures make it attractive for practical application.
Fast algorithms for fitting L$_1$-penalized multivariate linear models to structured high-throughput data

We present fast methods for fitting sparse multivariate linear models to high-throughput data. We induce model sparsity using an L$_1$ penalty and consider the case when the response matrix and the covariate matrices are large. Standard methods for estimation of these penalized regression models fail if the problem is converted to the corresponding univariate regression problem, motivating our fast estimation algorithms that utilize the structure of the model. We evaluate our method's performance on simulated data and two Arabidopsis genetic datasets with multivariate responses. Our algorithms have been implemented in the Julia programming language and are available at this https URL
Purple coneflower viruses: species diversity and harmfulness

Viral diseases became an actual problem in medicinal plants cultivation. The number of viruses known to infect purple conefl ower increased signifi cantly in the last years in many countries. However, there is no any review about the viral diseases of this valuable medicinal crop. Therefore, the aim of this article is to summarize the main information about the viruses affecting purple conefl ower plants (Echinacea purpurea L. Moench.). An analysis of the literature data showed that purple conefl ower could be infected by 10 viruses. These viruses belong to the families Bromoviridae, Bunyaviridae, Secoviridae, Potyviridae, Vir ga vi ri dae, and almost all of them are considered to be highly harmful plant viruses. Additionally, four of them (TMV, TSWV, CMV, PVY) are in the top 10 of the most economically important plant viruses in the world and occupy the fi rst places. The data from a few countries show that the viral diseases of purple conefl ower are becoming more severe from year to year. The appearance of new viruses is registered on conefl ower every year that complicates prognosis and risk estimation of epiphytoties in these regions which, for example, were revealed in Bulgaria, Lithuania and Ukraine. This review presents the detailed symptoms of the viral diseases in purple conefl ower, the main properties of each virus and data about their harmful effect on the plant metabolism and on the quality of raw material (the concentration of biologically active substances and heavy metals in plants).
Video Quality Model for Variable Frame Delay (VQM_VFD)

Time varying delays of the output (or processed) video frames with respect to the input (i.e., the original or reference) video frames present significant challenges for Full Reference (FR) video quality measurement systems. Time alignment errors between the output video sequence and the input video sequence can produce measurement errors that greatly exceed the perceptual impact of these time varying video delays. This document proposes a new video quality model (VQM) that properly accounts for the perceptual impact of variable frame delay (VFD). This new model, called VQM_VFD, also uses perceptual features extracted from spatial-temporal (ST) blocks of a fixed angular extent. This enables VQM_VFD to track subjective quality over a wide range of viewing distances and image sizes. VQM_VFD uses a neural network that achieves 0.9 correlation to subjective quality for subjective datasets at image sizes from Quarter Common Intermediate Format (QCIF) to High Definition TV (HDTV).
Control of radial miscible viscous fingering

We investigate the stability of radial viscous fingering (VF) in miscible fluids. We show that the instability is determined by an interplay between advection and diffusion during the initial stages of flow. Using linear stability analysis and nonlinear simulations, we demonstrate that this competition is a function of the radius $r_{0}$ of the circular region initially occupied by the less-viscous fluid in the porous medium. For each $r_{0}$, we further determine the stability in terms of Péclet number ($Pe$) and log-mobility ratio ($M$). The $Pe{-}M$ parameter space is divided into stable and unstable zones: the boundary between the two zones is well approximated by $M_{c}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}(r_{0})Pe_{c}^{-0.55}$. In the unstable zone, the instability is reduced with an increase in $r_{0}$. Thus, a natural control measure for miscible radial VF in terms of $r_{0}$ is established. Finally, the results are validated by performing experiments that provide good qualitative agreement with our numerical study. Implications for observations in oil recovery and other fingering instabilities are discussed.
The Communication Complexity of Optimization

We consider the communication complexity of a number of distributed optimization problems. We start with the problem of solving a linear system. Suppose there is a coordinator together with $s$ servers $P_1, \ldots, P_s$, the $i$-th of which holds a subset $A^{(i)} x = b^{(i)}$ of $n_i$ constraints of a linear system in $d$ variables, and the coordinator would like to output $x \in \mathbb{R}^d$ for which $A^{(i)} x = b^{(i)}$ for $i = 1, \ldots, s$. We assume each coefficient of each constraint is specified using $L$ bits. We first resolve the randomized and deterministic communication complexity in the point-to-point model of communication, showing it is $\tilde{\Theta}(d^2L + sd)$ and $\tilde{\Theta}(sd^2L)$, respectively. We obtain similar results for the blackboard model. When there is no solution to the linear system, a natural alternative is to find the solution minimizing the $\ell_p$ loss. While this problem has been studied, we give improved upper or lower bounds for every value of $p \ge 1$. One takeaway message is that sampling and sketching techniques, which are commonly used in earlier work on distributed optimization, are neither optimal in the dependence on $d$ nor on the dependence on the approximation $\epsilon$, thus motivating new techniques from optimization to solve these problems. Towards this end, we consider the communication complexity of optimization tasks which generalize linear systems. For linear programming, we first resolve the communication complexity when $d$ is constant, showing it is $\tilde{\Theta}(sL)$ in the point-to-point model. For general $d$ and in the point-to-point model, we show an $\tilde{O}(sd^3 L)$ upper bound and an $\tilde{\Omega}(d^2 L + sd)$ lower bound. We also show if one perturbs the coefficients randomly by numbers as small as $2^{-\Theta(L)}$, then the upper bound is $\tilde{O}(sd^2 L) + \textrm{poly}(dL)$.