Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study of Northern Ireland Key Stage 2 pupils’ perceptions of using the BBC Micro:bit in STEM education

This research investigated the perceptions held by Key Stage 2 (KS2) pupils, across two Northern Ireland (NI) primary schools, towards the use of the BBC Micro:bit that has been recently dispatched to United Kingdom (UK) primary schools. The study involved the researchers creating and implementing a teaching resource that included a range of different activities for the pupils to complete using the BBC Micro:bit. Upon completion of these activities, feedback was sought and obtained from the pupils via a questionnaire. The study is important as it is one of only a few pieces of research surrounding the BBC Micro:bit and to the authors’ knowledge, it is the only research to date conducted in NI that focusses on pupils’ perceptions involving the use of BBC Micro:bit. What was most apparent in this study was the very positive response of the pupils towards using the BBC Micro:bit. Nearly all of the pupils who took part in this study responded that they found using the BBC Micro:bit easy, enjoyable and useful in relation to both programming and problem solving. A minority of the pupils also commented on how the BBC Micro:bit provided an opportunity to work as a team in order to overcome problems during the programming stage, promoting the important skills of team work and problem solving. Nearly all pupils expressed a keen interest in programming and indicated that they learnt a lot in such a short time. Furthermore, pupils expressed great enthusiasm towards using the BBC Micro:bit and expressed a desire to use it more often, both inside and outside of the school. Based on these key findings and taking account of the strengths and limitations of this research, ideas for further research are presented alongside advice for teachers who may be considering the use of the BBC Micro:bit within their own lessons.
Vorticity in holographic ﬂuids

In view of the recent interest in reproducing holographically various properties of conformal fluids, we review the issue of vorticity in the context of AdS/CFT. Three-dimensional fluids with vorticity require four-dimensional bulk geometries with either angular momentum or nut charge, whose boundary geometries fall into the Papapetrou–Randers class. The boundary fluids emerge in stationary non-dissipative kinematic configurations, which can be cyclonic or vortex flows, evolving in compact or non-compact supports. A rich network of Einstein’s solutions arises, naturally connected with three-dimensional Bianchi spaces. We use Fefferman–Graham expansion to handle holographic data from the bulk and discuss the alternative for reversing the process and reconstruct the exact bulk geometries. Review to appear in the proceedings of the Corfu Summer Institute 2011: School and workshops on elementary particle physics and gravity, September 4–18, 2011, Corfu, Greece.
Elements During Th Cell Differentiation Promoter g Regulation of the Activity of IFN-Richard

Before they can deliver their effector functions, CD4 1 Th cells must differentiate into Th1 or Th2 subsets. We have prepared reporter transgenic mice that express the luciferase gene under the control of proximal (prox. IFN- g ) and distal (dist. IFN- g ) regulatory elements from the IFN- g promoter to permit investigation of mechanisms that regulate IFN- g gene transcription during Th cell differentiation. Precursor Th cells (pTh) contain high levels of cAMP response element binding protein-activation transcription factor-1 (CREB-ATF1) proteins that bind these promoter elements from the IFN- g gene, and these cells fail to express promoter activity. Restimulated effector Th (eTh) cells have reduced levels of CREB-ATF1 proteins, their nuclear extracts exhibit reduced CREB-ATF1 binding and greater Jun and Jun-ATF2 binding to dist. IFN- g , and eTh cells express promoter activity. CREB directly competes with effector T cell nuclear proteins for dist. IFN- g binding, and overexpression of CREB inhibits both prox. IFN- g and dist. IFN- g -directed transcription in Jurkat T cells. IL-12-stimulated Th1 differentiation increases dist. IFN- g activity in restimulated eTh1 cells; eTh1 nuclear extracts form increased levels of Jun-ATF2-dist. IFN- g complexes. Taken together, these data suggest that both de-repression and trans -activation contribute to the induction of IFN- g gene transcription during Th1 differentiation. The Journal of Immunology, 1998, 161: 6105–6112.
Color Image Retrieval Using a Fuzzy Dominant Color Selection Clustering Algorithm

This paper presents a fuzzy dominant color selection clustering algorithm to reduce the dimensionalities and the quantization errors of color histogram. To improve the exactness of retrieving, we also combine the region-based shape feature and texture feature. Experimental results show that the average hit ratio of the proposed algorithm is 88.8% which is superior to 77.1% of color histogram quantization methods and 58.8% of look-up-table method. Furthermore, the CIE LAB color space is less affected than RGB and HSV color spaces with various luminance, and the hit ratios of region-based image retrieval are higher than those of full image retrieval.
OP-CVRE210019 1..11

Aims Gp91-containing NADPH oxidases (NOX2) are a significant source of myocardial superoxide production. An increase in NOX2 activity accompanies atrial fibrillation (AF) induction and electrical remodelling in animal models and predicts incident AF in humans; however, a direct causal role for NOX2 in AF has not been demonstrated. Accordingly, we investigated whether myocardial NOX2 overexpression in mice (NOX2-Tg) is sufficient to generate a favourable substrate for AF and further assessed the effects of atorvastatin, an inhibitor of NOX2, on atrial superoxide production and AF susceptibility. Methods and results NOX2-Tg mice showed a 2to 2.5-fold higher atrial protein content of NOX2 compared with wild-type (WT) controls, which was associated with a significant (twofold) increase in NADPH-stimulated superoxide production (2-hydroxyethidium by HPLC) in left and right atrial tissue homogenates (P = 0.004 and P = 0.019, respectively). AF susceptibility assessed in vivo by transoesophageal atrial burst stimulation was modestly increased in NOX2-Tg compared with WT (probability of AF induction: 88% vs. 69%, respectively; P = 0.037), in the absence of significant alterations in AF duration, surface ECG parameters, and LV mass or function. Mechanistic studies did not support a role for NOX2 in promoting electrical or structural remodelling, as high-resolution optical mapping of atrial tissues showed no differences in action potential duration and conduction velocity between genotypes. In addition, we did not observe any genotype difference in markers of fibrosis and inflammation, including atrial collagen content and Col1a1, Il-1b, Il-6, and Mcp-1 mRNA. Similarly, NOX2 overexpression did not have consistent effects on RyR2 Ca2þ leak nor did it affect PKA or CaMKII-mediated RyR2 phosphorylation. Finally, treatment with atorvastatin significantly inhibited atrial superoxide production in NOX2-Tg but had no effect on AF induction in either genotype. Conclusion Together, these data indicate that while atrial NOX2 overexpression may contribute to atrial arrhythmogenesis, NOX2-derived superoxide production does not affect the electrical and structural properties of the atrial myocardium.
Physical Frailty in COPD Patients with Chronic Respiratory Failure

Background: The prevalence of physical frailty and its clinical characteristics in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unknown, as well as the usefulness of functional capacity tests to screen for physical frailty. The aim of the study was to evaluate the proportion and clinical portrait of COPD patients with chronic respiratory failure exhibiting physical frailty at the time of referral to home-based pulmonary rehabilitation. We also evaluate the usefulness of the short physical performance battery (SPPB) and timed-up and go (TUG) as potential screening tools for physical frailty. Finally, we evaluated the specific contribution of gait speed to the frailty Fried total score. Methods: This was a prospective observational study in which physical frailty was defined using Fried criteria (body mass loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, slower walking and weakness). Clinical portrait was documented from daily physical activity, exercise tolerance, functional capacity, anxiety and depressive symptoms, health-related quality of life, and fatigue scores. The ability of the SPPB and TUG to predict physical frailty was investigated using receiver operating characteristic curves. Contribution of each Fried criteria was evaluated with a principal component analysis (PCA). Results: Amongst the 44 included participants (FEV 1 , 33 ± 13% of predicted), 19 were physically frail. Frail individuals had lower daily steps number, exercise tolerance and functional capacity, and higher fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptom scores (p<0.05) compared to non-frail individuals. SPPB and TUG did not have an acceptable detection accuracy for screening physical frailty. PCA indicated that gait speed was the main contributor to the Fried total score of physical frailty. Conclusion: Physical frailty affects a large proportion of COPD patients with chronic respiratory failure starting a home-based intervention and was associated with worse clinical status. Although the present results need to be confirmed by adequately powered studies, gait speed seems to have the potential to become a simple screening tool for physical frailty in this population. Initiative Obstructive Lung Disease; therapy; non-invasive ventilation; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure. international, peer-reviewed journal of therapeutics and pharmacology focusing on concise rapid reporting of clinical studies and reviews in COPD. Special focus is given to the pathophysiological processes underlying the disease, intervention programs, patient focused education, and self management protocols. This journal is indexed on PubMed Central, MedLine and CAS. The manuscript management system is completely online and includes a very quick and fair peer-review system, which is all easy to use. Visit http://www.dovepress. com/testimonials.php to read real quotes from published authors.
Analysis of SPRITE : A new sparse approach for 3D high resolution RCSÂ€imaging

Thomas Benoudiba‐Campanini. CEA CESTA DAM, Le Barp, France. Email: thomas.benoudiba-campanini@cea.fr Abstract Here, the authors present the application of an original high resolution method, named SPRITE (for SParse Radar Imaging TEchnique), for 3D high resolution radar cross section (RCS) imaging. It is based on a regularisation scheme that accounts for information of sparsity and support. The solution is then defined as the minimiser of a penalised and constrained criterion. Optimisation is ensured by an adaptation of the alternating direction method of multipliers that is able to quickly perform calculations using fast Fourier transforms. Through application to synthetic and real data, the authors show that, in comparison to conventional methods, the SPRITE considerably enhances the resolution of the estimated RCS maps leading to a better RCS analysis and control.
Increasing subsurface water storage in discontinuous permafrost areas of the Lena River basin, detected from

: We use monthly measurements of time-variable gravity from the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite mission to quantify changes in terrestrial water storage (TWS) in the Lena river basin, Eurasia, during the period April 2002 to September 2010. We estimate a TWS increase of 32 ± 10 km 3 /yr for the entire basin, equivalent to an increase in water thickness of 1.3 ± 0.4 cm/yr over a basin of 2.4 million km 2 . We compare TWS estimates from GRACE with time series of precipitation (P) minus evapotranspiration (ET) from ERA-Interim reanalysis minus observational river discharge (R). We find an excellent agreement in annual and inter-annual variability between the two time series. Furthermore, we find that a bias of −20 ± 10% in P-ET is sufficient to effectively close the water budget with GRACE. When we account for this bias, the time series of cumulative TWS from GRACE and climatological data agree to within ±3.8 cm of water thickness, or ±9% of the mean annual P. The TWS increase is not uniform across the river basin and exhibits a peak, over an area of 502,400 km 2 , centered at 118.5°E, 62.5°N, and underlain by discontinuous permafrost. In this [ 1 ] We use monthly measurements of time-variable gravity from the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experi-ment) satellite mission to quantify changes in terrestrial water storage (TWS) in the Lena river basin, Eurasia, during the period April 2002 to September 2010. We estimate a TWS increase of 32 (cid:1) 10 km 3 /yr for the entire basin, equivalent to an increase in water thickness of 1.3 (cid:1) 0.4 cm/yr over a basin of 2.4 million km 2 . We compare TWS estimates from GRACE with time series of precipitation (P) minus evapotranspiration (ET) from ERA-Interim reanalysis minus observational river discharge (R). We find an excellent agreement in annual and inter-annual variability between the two time series. Furthermore, we find that a bias of (cid:3) 20 (cid:1) 10% in P-ET is sufficient to effectively close the water budget with GRACE. When we account for this bias, the time series of cumulative TWS from GRACE and climatological data agree to within (cid:1) 3.8 cm of water thickness, or (cid:1) 9% of the mean annual P. The TWS increase is not uniform across the river basin and exhibits a peak, over an area of 502,400 km 2 , centered at 118.5 (cid:4) E, 62.5 (cid:4) N, and underlain by discontinuous permafrost. In this region, we attribute the observed TWS increase of 68 (cid:1) 19 km 3 to an increase in subsurface water storage. This large subsurface water signal will have a significant impact on the terrestrial hydrology of the region, including increased baseflow and alteration of seasonal runoff. Citation: Velicogna, I. ,
Hierarchical cluster analysis of yearling body weight and linear body measurements of sheep of Northern Nigeria and their crosses

This study was conducted at the Sheep Project Unit of Small Ruminant Research Programme (SRRP) of National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI), University, Shika, Zaria. Balami, Uda and Yankasa breeds (sheep of Northern Nigeria) were crossed . A total of 65 Yankasa, 23 Uda and 16 Balami ewes were served by 4 Yankasa, 3 Uda and 3 Balami rams. The diallel breeding pattern produced 192 lambs. However, only the 65 yearling that survived up to 12 months of age (yearling) were used for this study. The yearling body weight and linear body measurement data were analysed using General Linear Model (GLM) procedures of SAS with model that incorporated lamb genotype as fixed effects. Pair-wise difference was used to separate the mean (SAS, 2003). Distances were used to construct dendrogram using the Unweighted Pairs Group Method Analysis implemented in R 2.13. 0 package. TREE procedure that prints the dendrogram based on the distances between the clusters was introduced in PROC CLUSTER procedure. Yearling genotype affected body weight and all the linear body measurements considered in this study (P<0.05). The pure Balami yearling (BL X BL) had the highest birth weight at 12 months of age (29.10±4.02kg). Clumping structure of yearling body weight among sheep of Northern Nigeria and their crosses were grouped into two clusters at distance 2.656. Pure Balami (BL X BL) formed the first cluster while the rest of the genotypes belong to the second cluster. The second cluster was further divided into two sub-groups at 0.796. The first sub-group had yearlings from pure Uda (UD X UD), Uda ram and Yankasa ewe (UD X YK), Uda ram and Balami ewe (UD X BL), Balami ram and Uda ewe (BL X UD) and Yankasa ram and Uda ewe (YK X UD) at 0.514. Similar clumping structures with two clusters share among the nine genotypes at varied distances were recorded for all the linear body measurements studied. Patterns of similarities were established for yearling body weight and linear body measurements among sheep of Northern Nigeria and their crosses. Improvement plans for yearling growth traits of sheep in Nigeria should consider the genotypes with divergent genetic distances as sires and dams. This will ensure the best exploration of positive heterosis.
the formation of reference price perceptions for new products, and a separate, but longitudinal experiment to study the evolution of reference price perceptions.

This study examines the formation and evolution of reference price perceptions in new product categories. It contributes to our understanding of pricing new products by integrating two important research streams in marketing — reference price theory and the theory of pioneer brand advantage. Prior research has focused solely on products in existing or incrementally new categories, and has typically examined fast moving consumer goods. Using a cross sectional experiment to study the formation of reference price perceptions, and a separate, but related, longitudinal experiment to study the evolution of reference price perceptions, the findings suggest that the pioneer brand’s initial price defines a consumer’s initial reference price, whether the pioneer is following a skimming or a penetration strategy. This effect endures in later time periods where the initial price affects consumer perceptions of value and purchase intention. The study also finds that the pioneer, due to its prototypicality, has a stronger influence on reference price perceptions than the follower, creating a systematic bias to both the formation and evolution of reference price perceptions in new product categories. Thus, reference price perceptions are shaped by what the pioneer does, rather than what the follower does. Furthermore, category level reference prices exist and explain purchase intention, but do not improve over brand specific measures in this regard. These findings have implications for pricing strategy and the theory of reference prices. hypotheses are examined using an experimental framework with two separate but related experiments. Experiment 1 is a cross sectional experiment simulating an emerging market and the introduction of pioneer brands at different price levels. It is about the of reference prices and examines Hypotheses 1 and 2. Experiment is a longitudinal experiment to extend by introducing the of to examine reference prices as the pioneer’s price changes and follower brand is introduced. Repeated such made An experimental study with hypothetical is suitable for this into reference price perceptions for ability to consumer experiences and the
Natural Light Inﬂuence on Intellectual Performance. A Case Study on University Students

: Natural light in interior spaces has many advantages: the most obvious is energy savings, but also many long term physical and mental health beneﬁts. Published research demonstrates the positive e ﬀ ects of natural light, especially in spaces used in long term periods, such as o ﬃ ces, houses, hospital rooms, etc. However, how would the deprivation of natural light a ﬀ ect users in spaces of more occasional use, such as lecture theatres, surgery rooms, courtrooms . The present research consists in a case study that adds some data on that question. The experiment processed the data on the performance of 278 university students in one theoretical course, consisting in three-hour weekly lectures. This course was taught six times, in six consecutive years (2013–2018), three in exclusively artiﬁcially lit basement classrooms, and the other three in classrooms with windows, mixing natural and artiﬁcial light. The data of the exam and attendance scores were compared statistically for both populations (basement vs. windows classrooms). The research found strong evidence of the classrooms with windows having better exam scores than those in the basement, with mean di ﬀ erences between 13.17% and 7.73%. Mann–Whitney U tests supported this result, with p -values ranging between p << 0.001 and p = 0.007. Attendance di ﬀ erences were not signiﬁcant.
The role of social costs as a mechanism enforcing the honesty of ultraviolet signals in a 1 lizard 2

18 According to animal signalling theory, various mechanisms can maintain signal honesty in the 19 face of deception. Conventional signals are usually cheap to produce but socially imposed 20 costs, often taking the form of aggression from conspecifics, can enforce their honesty. While 21 our understanding of signal evolution and honesty has much improved for some pigment- 22 based colour signals, the mechanisms maintaining the honesty of structural colour signals, 23 such as ultraviolet (UV), remain elusive. Here, we used the common lizard Zootoca vivipara 24 to test whether or not the honesty of UV signals displayed on male throats is under social 25 control. To do so, we staged dyadic agonistic interactions between non-manipulated focal 26 males and opponents of either larger or smaller body size, and with either control or 27 manipulated UV signals so as to create small cheaters with UV-enhanced throats, large 28 cheaters with UV-reduced throats, and their respective controls. Focusing on control 29 interactions, we first confirmed that male UV coloration and bite force were good predictors 30 of contest outcomes in this species. Furthermore, in support of a conventional signal 31 hypothesis, focal males were more aggressive towards large cheaters and became more 32 submissive when these large cheaters retaliated, and were less submissive against small 33 cheaters. However, that focal males were not more aggressive towards small cheaters 34 contradicts our initial predictions. Overall, we provide some evidence suggesting that socially 35 imposed costs may enforce the honesty of UV signals in common lizards.
Measuring discursive inﬂuence across scholarship

Assessing scholarly inﬂuence is critical for understanding the col- lective system of scholarship and the history of academic inquiry. Inﬂuence is multifaceted, and citations reveal only part of it. Cita- tion counts exhibit preferential attachment and follow a rigid “news cycle” that can miss sustained and indirect forms of inﬂu- ence. Building on dynamic topic models that track distributional shifts in discourse over time, we introduce a variant that incor- porates features, such as authorship, afﬁliation, and publication venue,toassesshowthesecontextsinteractwithcontenttoshapefuturescholarship.Weperformin-depthanalysesoncollectionsof
Atlas-Driven a web-based gene tool.

The Allen Brain Atlas-Driven Visualizations (ABADV) is a publicly accessible web-based tool created to retrieve and visualize expression energy data from the Allen Brain Atlas (ABA) across multiple genes and brain structures. Though the ABA offers their own search engine and software for researchers to view their growing collection of online public data sets, including extensive gene expression and neuroanatomical data from human and mouse brain, many of their tools limit the amount of genes and brain structures researchers can view at once. To complement their work, ABADV generates multiple pie charts, bar charts and heat maps of expression energy values for any given set of genes and brain structures. Such a suite of free and easy-to-understand visualizations allows for easy comparison of gene expression across multiple brain areas. In addition, each visualization links back to the ABA so researchers may view a summary of the experimental detail. ABADV is currently supported on modern web browsers and is compatible with expression energy data from the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas in situ hybridization data. By creating this web application, researchers can immediately obtain survey numerous amounts of expression energy data from the ABA, which they can use to supplement their work or perform meta-analysis. In the we hope to enable ABADV across multiple data resources.