Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Protein and Productive Efficiency Profile of Locally Produced Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus) in Broiler

Background: Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster) is a worldwide used mushroom, known to have a wide range of nutrients. Effects of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Oyster and its isolated proteins on the production profiles and bio health markers in broiler birds were evaluated in the present research. Methods: Four hundred and twenty, day-old Ross-308 broiler birds were distributed into seven groups with sixty number of birds in each group (N=60). Each group was divided into three subgroups with twenty number of birds in each subgroup (N=20). The first group was selected as control (CONT) with no treatment and other six groups were supplemented orally with the mushroom protein at a dose of 200 (Pr200) and 400mg/Kg BW (Pr400), an aqueous extract of mushroom at a dose of 200 (Aq200) and 400mg/Kg BW (Aq400) and ethanolic extract of mushroom at a dose of 200 (Eth200) and 400mg/Kg BW (Eth400) respectively. On day 28th of the experiment, 1st sub-group of each group was evaluated for cell-mediated immunity by assessing the lymphoproliferative reaction to Phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P; Toe web assay) and the humoral immune reaction was evaluated in the 2nd subgroup of each group by antibody reaction to sheep red blood cells (sRBCs; Hemagglutination assay). On day 42, serum was separated by slaughtering (decapitation) all the birds and evaluated for the oxidative stress, lipid profile, blood glucose level, and immune parameters. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tuckey range tests, and geometric mean titer (GMT) was used to statistically analyze the results. Results: The Eth400 birds showed significantly (P<0.05) higher cell-mediated immune response (1.1±0.04 mm) and humoral immune response (49.31±0.03 mm) in comparison with the control group. Birds supplemented with mushroom extracts and protein revealed significantly greater growth performance, maximum in Eth400, in terms of feed conversion ratios (FCR; 1.44±0.002) when compared with the control group (1.7±0.01). Conclusion: Different parameters to evaluate oxidative stress showed that the mushroom extracts and its protein reduced the oxidative stress in the treated groups being maximum in Eth400. Conclusively, the oyster mushroom has health promoting effects in term of production profile, as immunomodulator and antioxidant in broiler poultry.
Future Climate Alters Pathogens-Microbiome Co-occurrence Networks in Wheat Straw Residues during Decomposition

The return of plant residues to the ground is used to promote soil carbon sequestration, improve soil structure, reduce evaporation, and help to fix additional carbon dioxide in the soil. The microbial communities with diverse ecological functions that colonize plant residues during decomposition are expected to be highly dynamic. We aimed to characterize microbial communities colonizing wheat straw residues and their ecological functions during the early phase of straw decomposition. The experiment, run in Central Germany, was conducted in a conventional farming system under both ambient conditions and a future climate scenario expected in 50–70 years from now. We used MiSeq illumina sequencing and network analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS genes. Our results show that future climate alters the dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities during decomposition. We detected various microbial ecological functions within wheat straw residues such as plant growth-promoting bacteria, N-fixing bacteria, saprotrophs, and plant pathogenic fungi. Interestingly, plant pathogenic fungi dominated (~87% of the total sequences) within the wheat residue mycobiome under both ambient and future climate conditions. Therefore, we applied co-occurrence network analysis to predict the potential impacts of climate change on the interaction between pathogenic community and other bacterial and fungal microbiomes. The network under ambient climate consisted of 91 nodes and 129 correlations (edges). The highest numbers of connections were detected for the pathogens Mycosphaerella tassiana and Neosetophoma rosigena. The network under future climate consisted of 100 nodes and 170 correlations. The highest numbers of connections were detected for the pathogens Pseudopithomyces rosae and Gibellulopsis piscis. We conclude that the future climate significantly changes the interactions between plant pathogenic fungi and other microorganisms during the early phrase of decomposition.
Effect of Scholarships on Students’ Social Development at University Level

The major purpose of the study was to measure the effect of scholarships on students’ social development at the university level. The study was descriptive, and the survey method was applied for the collection of data. The population consisted of all teachers and students of public and private universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The total population of teachers in the public and private universities were 4073 and students were 101968. A stratified random sampling technique was applied for selecting the study sample. The researcher selected 525 teachers from public and private universities as well as 900 students from public and private universities. The researcher developed two questionnaires using a five-point Likert scale on the foundation of related literature and with the help of the supervisor. The validity of the instruments was checked by two experts in the field. The reliability of these instruments was determined through Cronbach’s alpha which was 0.832. Mean, standard deviation, t-test, and regression analysis were used for analyzing the data. It was found that scholarships are available at the public and private sector universities. It was also found that there was a significant effect of scholarships on students’ development. Therefore, it is recommended that scholarships may be spread on the university website, to guarantee students successful learning, higher education institutions will have to meet the challenges of student’s problems.
Properties and focusing conditions of laser microplasma for glass structuring

: Currently, there is an increased interest among scientists in laser-induced methods (LIPAA, LIBDE, LIMP) for optical materials processing. The plume is formed due to the interaction of laser radiation transmitted through the glass sample with an absorbing target. In particular, laser-induced microplasma (LIMP) glass processing method development is realized by a plasma plume action arising at the interface of a carbon-based target and an optically transparent sample. Basically, the plasma plume can be considered as a spot tool that forms micro and nano-dimensional relief on the sample surface. This tool is needed to be investigated in the following way: geometry, divergence, and temperature. Detailed knowledge of these characteristics will improve the processing results. Here, we report on a detailed experimental study of glass processing by LIMP.
X-ray investigations into silica/silver nanocomposite

X-ray diffraction data revealed that the initial SiO2/Ag nanocomposite, manufactured in a chemical synthesis process, is mainly composed of silica in amorphous phase (95.5 wt.%), crystalline Ag with a cubic structure (Fm-3m) and cristobalite (SiO2) with a tetragonal structure (P41212) in the amount of 4.2 and 0.3 wt. %, respectively. High-temperature diffraction data revealed high stability of the SiO2/Ag composite up to 1000 °C. High-temperature X-ray diffraction measurements revealed phase cristallization temperatures of silica at 1060 °C for cristobalite and 1080 °C for tridymite as well as temperature of silver evaporation starting from the composite (ca. 1000 °C). Infrared spectroscopy data confirmed the presence of amorphous matrix with embedded silver ions and crystalline compounds in the form of cristobalite and tridymite without silver after thermal treatment.
An Investigation of Machine Learning Algorithms on COVID-19 Dataset 

This paper studies the different machine learning classification algorithms to predict the COVID-19 recovered and deceased cases. The k-fold cross-validation resampling technique is used to validate the prediction model. The prediction scores of each algorithm are evaluated with performance metrics such as prediction accuracy, precision, recall, mean square error, confusion matrix, and kappa score. For the given dataset, the k-nearest neighbour (KNN) classification algorithm produces 80.4 % of predication accuracy and 1.5 to 3.3 % of improved accuracy over other algorithms. The KNN algorithm predicts 92 % (true positive rate) of the deceased cases correctly with 0.077 % of misclassification. Further, the KNN algorithm produces the lowest error rate as 0.19 on the prediction of accurate COVID-19 cases than the other algorithm. Also, it produces the receiver operator characteristic curve with the output value of 82 %.
With Antibiotic Cement Versus Without Antibiotic Cement in the Treatment of Tibial Osteomyelitis After Radical Debridement: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: In most of the cases, antibiotic cement is recommended to fill the dead space after debridement of osteomyelitis. As to local Cierny-Mader Type IV tibial osteomyelitis, radical debridement of the infected bone can be achieved, after that, is it still necessary to apply antibiotic cement to the dead space? This study was aimed to answer the question.Methods: From January 2010 to January 2015, 64 patients with local Cierny-Mader Type IV tibial osteomyelitis were included and randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the cement group were treated with antibiotic-impregnated bone cement after radical debridement of the infected bone (cement group), while the other patients in the without cement group were not applied any cement after the same debridement (without cement group). Both groups were operated by the same surgical team and applied Ilizarov bone transport to fill the bone defect.Result: All patients in both groups achieved successful healing with bone union at both corticotomy and tibial docking sites. At the end of follow-up，there was one case of infection recurrence in each groups. There were no differences in demographics and clinical variables between the two groups. There was also no difference either in terms of bone results or functional results between the two groups (c 2=0.006 for bone results and c 2=1.339 for functional results). But there was significant difference in terms of total hospitalization expenses between the two groups (P＜0.001, the cement group was much higher than the without cement group). Conclusion: When radical debridement is achieved in dealing with local Cierny-Mader Type IV tibial osteomyelitis, it is no need to apply antibiotics cement in the dead space, but it needs more cases to increase the convincingness.Trial registration: ChiCTR-TNRC-10002837，retrospectively registered.
Evaluation of the productivity and plant health of pruned coffee intercropped with annual crops

Alley intercipiente with annual crops is a usual practice in coffee cultivation, especially in periods of renewal of the crop by pruning. Its purpose is to make better use of the area, decrease costs of implantation and renovation, mainly in coffee plantations with open lines, through the production of subsistence food with generation of additional and immediate income of the producer. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the productivity and plant health of pruned coffee crop in consortium with annual crops in different spacings. The experiment was carried out at the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais – Campus Muzambinho, in the 2016/17 and 2017/2018 crop years, in a coffee plant of Catuaí Vermelho cultivar 144, 12 years old, pruned in 2014. Three intercrops (corn, chia and beans) in two spacings (30.0cm and 60.0cm) plus two additional treatments without intercropping (slashing or applying herbicide) were implanted in the soil. In the crop year 2016/17, a delay in the fruit maturation was observed in the treatment with intercropping spaced at 30.0cm, when compared to the same crops at 60.0cm spacing. The maturation of the fruits in the 2017/18 crop year was delayed in the treatments of consorts spaced at 60.0cm, when compared with the additional treatment. There was an expressive increase of cercosporiosis with cropping culture spacing 60.0cm. It was also observed that the average yield of coffee in the 2016/17 and 2017/18 crop years was affected by the interplant cultures implanted in the spacing of 30.0cm. In general, regardless of the spacings, intercropping negatively influenced the productivity of coffee in both 2016/17 and 2017/2018 crop years.
The Structural Flexibility of Cold- and Warm-Adapted Enzymes (Endonucleases I) by Molecular Dynamics Simulation

The constraints exerted on the molecular edifices by different environmental parameters are not the same, which is translated by different adaptive strategies. Thus, for the extracellular and periplasmic enzymes of marine organisms which are directly exposed to environments in which large variations in temperature and salinity can occur, it is not an easy task to separate the adaptation of the enzyme to one of the two environmental parameters without the involvement of the other. In such a scenario, a comparative study of a marine psychrophilic and an estuarine mesophilic endonuclease I wasundertaken. The different salt optima of the enzymes were taken into consideration when the temperature-dependent enzymatic properties were characterized, but the results did not show an adaptive strategy at the molecular edifice. For that purpose, we employed multiple all-atom explicit solvent and ions molecular dynamics simulations, in conjunction with different temperatures at the nanosecond time scale to analyzethe structural flexibility of the cold adapted enzyme, endonuclease I psychrophile marine (VsEndA), and its mesophile homologous enzyme, endonuclease I mesophile estuarine (VcEndA). The Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF) profiles of the two enzymes are almost similar with the most flexible residues located at the loop regions for both enzymes. We underlined a different trend against temperature for the two enzymes. The cold adapted enzyme was dominated by the lowest temperatures of T = 300 and T = 318 K, compared to its warm adapted homologous counterpart for which the highest temperature studiedwas T = 326 K as the dominantone. The lifetimes of the hydrogen bonding network of the most flexible residues of both enzymes correlate well with the RMSF of the considered enzymes.
A software engineering environment for modeling and developing knowledge-intensive systems

One of the issues in current software engineering research is the formalization of the production of large-scale software systems. Basically, the knowledge about a production process relies on three models: the product, the organization and the process model. Product and organization models are information models: an extended entity-relationship formalism is suitable to build such models. On the other hand, process models are behavioral models which react to temporal events or to user actions on the repository. The authors' research aims at providing conceptual models which support the construction of rigorous and verifiable organization and process models. They have developed two formalisms: Quid for building E-R models and generating the corresponding repository, and Protob for expressing process models in terms of high level nets. This paper illustrates the formalisms and present examples of process models. <<ETX>>
Primary-level English-medium instruction in a minority language community: any space for the local language?

ABSTRACT One of the features of the growing prominence of English across the globe is the proliferation of English-medium instruction (EMI) programmes at all levels of education, driven by a neoliberal agenda which places a disproportionate value on English over other languages. While this spread has primarily affected more developed, urban contexts, EMI has also started to spread beyond the borders of large cities and into peripheral, rural areas, including those where minority languages are used. There is at present, however, a sparsity of research on how the introduction of EMI impacts the often delicate language ecology in such contexts. This paper presents the results of a study of how EMI policy was implemented at a primary school in the Deep South of Thailand, a region where the majority of the population speak Malay as their L1. The findings of this research, drawn on the basis of interviews, focus groups and classroom observations, highlighted the existence of a hierarchical linguistic ecology in which English and Thai, the international and national language, were privileged over the local language, owing both to their dominant position in official language policy and the attitudes of local policy arbiters.
Getting sugar back? Soda taxes beyond sodas

Soda taxes are being implemented in several localities of the United States with the aim of reducing sugar intake from these beverages. Sugar is linked to obesity and to a higher risk of diabetes and cardiovascular conditions (Roache and Gostin, 2017). In the presence of potential substitutes, the policy can be undermined by consumers changing their sources of sugar. This project examines the heterogeneous e ffects of the Philadelphia soda taxes on the consumption of other foods considered traditional sources of sugar. The tax was introduced in Philadelphia in 2017, following Berkeley, which introduced it in 2015. Other cities have followed their lead. Previous research has examined the effect of the SSB tax on consumption changes (Falbe et al., 2015, 2016; Silver et al., 2017; Cawley et al., 2018b, 2019a). These studies largely find that the consumption of SSBs falls after the introduction of the tax. Studies that look at the actual change in sugar intake from SSBs, a step closer to the policy concern, are limited (Lozano-Rojas, 2018; Cawley et al., 2019a). However, previous research has not examined the overall eff ect on sugar consumption including sugary foods like candy, cakes, and cookies, which are listed as the main sources of sugar intake by the American Heart Association. Using Nielsen Retail Scanner Data, we compare the consumption of SSB and sugary foods prior to and following the 2017 SSB tax in Philadelphia as well as in the comparable counties. In our first set of results we do not nd a systematic pattern of substitution.
Variations of the Bullwhip Effect Across Foreign Subsidiaries

Problem definition: We investigate variations of the bullwhip effect across foreign subsidiaries and explore how it is affected by various features of foreign subsidiaries. Academic/practical relevance: During the era of global supply chain restructuring, researchers and executives of multinational firms should understand variations of the foreign subsidiary’s bullwhip effect, given that its reduction is a key strategy for coordinating supply chains. Methodology: Our work is based on a balanced panel data set of Korean-owned subsidiaries that provides distinguishable information on subsidiary purchases. It enables us to estimate an alternative measure for the bullwhip effect by the ratio of purchase volatility to demand volatility and compare it with the traditional measure of the ratio of production volatility to demand volatility. Results: Our alternative measure differs significantly from the traditional measure and better reflects the prevalence of the bullwhip effect across foreign subsidiaries. Using this new measure, we find that the bullwhip effect is strongly affected by country-specific factors and foreign subsidiary-specific factors. These findings support not only previous analytical findings on the bullwhip effect but also provide new remedies to reduce the bullwhip effect. Managerial implications: Our study advises managers of multinational firms. First, although locating foreign subsidiaries in developing countries tends to reduce production costs, it could instead increase the bullwhip effect, especially for politically unstable countries or those with lower import penetration. Second, we provide empirical evidence that relocating a subsidiary to a country close to its main suppliers or to one that incurs lower transportation costs will reduce the bullwhip effect. Finally, deploying expatriate managers and wholly owning the subsidiary are recommended strategies to reduce the bullwhip effect of foreign subsidiaries.
Aboveground live and dead biomass distribution using allometric equation in the restored mines of the Western Macedonia Lignite Center

Forests and forest plantations rank first in storing carbon and play a substantial role in climate change mitigation. Assimilated carbon is stored in the above- and belowground parts of trees, in dead wood, in litter, and in soil. The Greek power generation and supply company PPC S.A. started environmental rehabilitation projects to rehabilitate restored areas after the end of exploitation at the open-cast lignite mines of the Lignite Center of Western Macedonia in the 1980s by planting different tree species, mainly black locust. Today some of these plantations are almost 40 years old and occupy 2,200 ha in total. The dominant planted species is black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), a fast-growing pioneer species, covering 95% of the planted area. Other planted species are Spartium junceum and Cupressus arizonica, covering 2.45% and 1.44%, respectively. The aim of this study was to measure and estimate the live and dead aboveground biomass distribution across the planted sites in the restored waste dumps of Amyntaio and Ptolemaida lignite mines. A total of 215 sample plots of 100 m2 each were set up through systematic sampling at a grid dimension of 500 × 500 m. In each sample plot, the tree species (dbh (cm)), tree height, and height to live crown (m) were recorded for all trees. The aboveground biomass was estimated using an exponential allometric model. The results show that in the tree-planted restored areas of the Amyntaio mine, the aboveground biomass ranges from 20.1 to 90.2 tn ha−1, and in that of the Ptolemaida mine from 11.6 to 75.8 tn ha−1. The spatial biomass distribution seems to show a trend of increase from southeast to northwest in Ptolemaida and from west to north in the Amyntaio mine. The standing dead wood ranges from 0 to 19.8 tn ha−1 for Amyntaio and 0 to 41.9 tn ha−1 for the Ptolemaida mine, and the lying dead wood from 0.5 to 19.5 ha−1 and 0.5 to 66 m3 ha−1, respectively. The overall decay degree that was classified into quality classes from 1 to 5 ranges as: 10% for decay class (1), 27% for decay class (2), 45% for decay class (3), 17% for decay class (4), and 1% for decay class (5). The black locust shows a remarkable ability to survive and grow on disturbed sites, such as the restored mines in the Lignite Center of Western Macedonia. It is very competitive compared with other planted species and has created the necessary forest environment for the natural regeneration of other more shade-tolerant and soil-demanding species, such as oaks and maples.
Preparation of graphene sponge by vapor phase reduction for oil and organic solvent removal

Due to the porous structure and hydrophobicity, graphene sponge has huge adsorption capacity for oils and organic solvents. In this study, we reported that graphene sponge could be prepared by vapor phase reduction (denoted as VPRGS) for oil and organic solvent removal. Graphene oxide was lyophilized and reduced by steamy hydrazine hydrate to produce VPRGS. VPRGS had huge capacity for oils and organic solvents (72–224 g g−1). In particular, the adsorption capacity for crude oil reached 165 g g−1, suggesting that VPRGS could be applied in oil leakage remediation. VPRGS could treat pollutants both in pure liquid form and in the simulated sea water, where the hydrophobic nature of VPRGS allowed the floating of VPRGS on simulated sea water. VPRGS could be easily regenerated without obvious capacity loss up to 9 cycles. The implications to the applications of VPRGS in oil/water separation and water remediation are discussed.