Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Design Scheme for Intelligent Upper Limb Rehabilitation Training Robot

In view of the urgent need for intelligent rehabilitation equipment for some disabled people, an intelligent, upper limb rehabilitation training robot is designed by applying the theories of artificial intelligence, information, control, human-machine engineering, and more. A new robot structure is proposed that combines the use of a flexible rope with an exoskeleton. By introducing environmentally intelligent ergonomics, combined with virtual reality, multi-channel information fusion interaction technology and big-data analysis, a collaborative, efficient, and intelligent remote rehabilitation system based on a human’s natural response and other related big-data information is constructed. For the multi-degree of the freedom robot system, optimal adaptive robust control design is introduced based on Udwdia-Kalaba theory and fuzzy set theory. The new equipment will help doctors and medical institutions to optimize both rehabilitation programs and their management, so that patients are more comfortable, safer, and more active in their rehabilitation training in order to obtain better rehabilitation results.
Digitization of One-Piece Oral Implants: A Feasibility Study

For digital impression-making of two-piece oral implants, scan bodies are used to transfer the exact intraoral implant position to the dental laboratory. In this in vitro investigation, the accuracy of digitizing a one-piece ceramic oral implant without a scan body (OC) was compared to that of a standard two-piece titanium implant with a scan body (TT) and a preparation of a natural single tooth (ST). Furthermore, incomplete scans of OC simulating clinical compromising situations (OC1–4) were redesigned using a virtual reconstruction tool (RT) and superimposed to OC. OC and TT oral implants and one ST were inserted into a mandible typodont model and digitized (N = 13) using two different intraoral scanners. The resulting virtual datasets were superimposed onto a three-dimensional (3D) laser scanner-based reference. Test and reference groups were aligned using an inspection software according to a best-fit algorithm, and circumferential as well as marginal discrepancies were measured. For the statistical evaluation, multivariate analyses of variance with post-hoc Tukey tests and students t-tests to compare both scanners were performed. A total of 182 datasets were analyzed. For circumferential deviations, no significant differences were found between ST, TT, and OC (p > 0.964), but increased deviations for OC1–4 (p < 0.001) were observed. The measurements of the marginal deviations revealed that ST had the smallest deviations, and that there were no significant differences between TT, OC, and OC1–4 (p > 0.979). Except for marginal deviation of OC (p < 0.001), the outcome was not affected by the scanner. Within the limitations of this study, digitization of OC is as accurate as that of TT, but less than that of ST. In the case of known geometries, post-processing of compromised scans with a virtual reconstruction results in accurate data.
Effect of workplace ostracism on emotional exhaustion and unethical behavior among Chinese nurses: A time-lagged three-wave survey.

AIM This study examined: (a) the impact of nurses' workplace ostracism on unethical behavior; (b) mediating role of emotional exhaustion between nurses' workplace ostracism and unethical behavior; and (c) moderating effect of hostile attribution bias. BACKGROUND While unethical behavior is a workplace phenomenon that can negatively influence the sustainable development of settings, few nurse studies have explored it. This study identified an interpersonal antecedent of unethical behavior: workplace ostracism. DESIGN A time-lagged three-wave survey was conducted over three months (November 2016 to January 2017) to collect data. METHODS Nurses (N=530) from three hospitals in China completed three anonymous self-reported questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, linear regression and moderated mediation tests were performed, and data analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and Mplus7.4. RESULTS Workplace ostracism positively influenced nurses' unethical behavior and emotional exhaustion mediated the relationship between workplace ostracism and unethical behavior. Nurses' hostile attribution bias moderated the effect of workplace ostracism on emotional exhaustion and unethical behavior. CONCLUSION Workplace ostracism was an important interpersonal factor predicting unethical behavior. Nurse supervisors should establish a harmonious interpersonal environment and be aware of hostile attribution bias to prevent nurses' unethical behavior. Impact Workplace ostracism is a pervasive phenomenon in the nursing workplace that contributes to unethical behavior. Nurse supervisors and staff should together establish harmonious working environments without workplace ostracism. Nurse supervisors should pay attention to nurses' emotions and conduct psychological counseling to minimize the negative effects of workplace ostracism. This study contributed to understanding how and why nurses engaged in unethical behavior.
Physically Crosslinked Silk Fibroin Based Tough Hydrogel Electrolyte with Exceptional Water-Retention and Freezing-Tolerance.

Flexible ionic conductive hydrogel is attracting massive interests as it could be one of the crucial components for multifunctional ionotronic devices. However, their features of inevitably drying out without package and freezing at subzero temperature may greatly limit the applications of conventional hydrogels in specific situations. Here, we present an ionic conductive hydrogel with water-retention and freezing-tolerance which consists of silk fibroin, ionic liquid, water and inorganic salt. It is discovered that the ionic liquid serves multiple roles to prevent water evaporation, decrease the freezing point and provide the essential conductivity of the hydrogel, etc. As a binary mixed solvent, the ionic liquid/water mixture enhances both water-retention and freezing-tolerance of the hydrogel electrolyte. Based on SF/EMImAc/H2O/KCl hydrogel electrolyte, the flexible fiber-like supercapacitor could still function well at a temperature as low as -50 ºC and after being stored in the open air for a long time. It is anticipated that this hydrogel will prove useful in developing new applications operating under harsh environments.
Influence of Parental Physical Activity and Screen Time on the BMI of Adult Offspring in a Saudi Population

Saudi Arabia is witnessing a drastic rise in adult obesity. Geographic limitations hamper somatic activities to counter this rise. Parental physical inactivity in the region has never been addressed. This study’s purpose is to determine the differences between parent and adult child (the subjects here) levels of physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) between normal weight and obese adults in the Saudi Arabian population. Two hundred and forty adult subjects (18 to 35 years) were screened for their body mass index (BMI) values (18.5 ≤ 25 as normal and 25 ≤ 30) or above as overweight/obese), followed by their congregation into normal weight (N) (n = 150) and overweight/obese (Ov/Ob) (n = 90) groups. A self-reported questionnaire assessed parenting practices, while a physical activity record diary calculated existing levels of PA and ST. Statistical significance was determined by a chi-squared test (p < 0.01) and BMI correlation was found by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Maternal age (87.8% ≤ 20 years in the Ov/Ob group (Gp) and consanguineous marriage (88.9% in the Ov/Ob Gp) showed significant differences. A high prevalence of inactivity was observed among families (father 53.3%, mother 53.3%, subject 80.0%) in the Ov/Ob Gp. Higher amounts of ST (76.7% ≥ 9 h/day) were found in the Ov/Ob Gp, which significantly differed. Differences in the parent and child levels of PA and ST exist between normal weight and obese Saudi Arabian adults. Physically active parents having adult children inspire them to develop healthy physical behaviors which counter the development of obesity. Consanguineous marriage and early maternal age may be associated with progressive adult obesity.
Clinical Outcomes of Intraoperative Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Compared with Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring During Circumferential Decompression for Myelopathy Associated with Thoracic-Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Background Circumferential decompression (CD) is an essential treatment option for myelopathy associated with thoracic-ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (T-OPLL) when laminectomy cannot achieve sufficient ventral decompression. Although intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is widely used, the operation has a relatively high risk. This study is the first to describe the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to evaluate the spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) during thoracic spine surgery in humans. The objective of this study was to compare clinical outcomes between intraoperative CEUS and IONM during CD. Material/Methods Sixty-eight T-OPLL patients who received CD from 2007 to 2014 were reviewed. All patients underwent IONM. CEUS was used on the following 2 occasions on 18 patients to evaluate SCBF: the first measurement was performed after laminectomy and the second after ventral decompression. Outcomes were evaluated by the Hirabayashi recovery rate (HRR). Results The overall HRR of all patients was 56.7%. Regarding CEUS, the HRR was 20.0% in Group A (SCBF decreased) and 63.6% in Group B (SCBF increased), indicating a significantly poorer neurological outcome in Group A (P<0.01). Regarding IONM, the HRR did not significantly differ between Groups C (no meaningful change in potential), D (potential changed up to alert criteria), and E (potential improved). Conclusions IONM is relatively effective in detecting impending spinal cord dysfunction. Intraoperative CEUS is a safe and reliable method for assessing SCBF changes, which may be used as a supplement to IONM, thus reducing the incidence of false-negative results.
A Patient With a Rare Single Mandibular Localization of Non- Hodgkin B-Cell Lymphoma: Early Differential Diagnosis With Dental Lesions

To the Editor: Primary malignant lymphoma of the mandible is a rare tumor that is frequently misdiagnosed as a dental lesion, delaying treatment. We report a case of mandibular non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma and present the clinical and radiologic characteristics of this disease with emphasis on its differential diagnosis that need to be ruled out to avoid improper treatments that may be detrimental for the prognosis of these patients. Because non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) involving the mandible as single localization is very uncommon, its imaging findings have not been well described in the literature. Appropriate early diagnosis is important for this lesion to avoid improper treatments. Dental lesions treatments, particularly in the absence of osteolitic lesions, are commonly performed without any cytologic and histologic examinations, hence worsening the prognosis for the diffusion of the tumor after invasive dental treatment. Single mandibular localization of NHL complicates differential diagnosis with more common dental diseases (abscess, periostitis, granuloma, periodontitis). As panoramic x-ray of the jaws is the most common and often the only radiologic examination performed for dental diseases, it is important to carefully analyze imaging signs for an immediate correct diagnosis of malignancy and appropriate therapy. Our goal is to show that immediate differential diagnosis, even of probability, is possible on the basis of panoramic x-ray and clinical examination alone. In fact, in case of an incorrect clinical diagnosis, the use of inappropriate dental therapies could cause clinical worsening of local conditions, which would lead to a delayed biopsy and histologic diagnosis that is detrimental for the prognosis of these patients. One patient affected by mandibular left body swelling and other common dental lesions came to our observation. Following a panoramic x-rays of the jaws showing signs of malignant growth of the lesion, a fine needle biopsy determined that the single mandibular lesion observed was a non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma. Panoramic x-ray and CT scan images showing suggestive signs of malignancy (ie osteolysis, root resorption of the 33, destructive tooth decay with furcation and resorption on panoramic x-ray and cortical bone resorption at CT scan) are shown in Figure 1A and B. Analyzing our case, 3 factors complicated the differential diagnosis:
Continuous Detection of Small-Scale Changes in Scots Pine Dominated Stands Using Dense Sentinel-2 Time Series

Climate change and severe extreme events, i.e., changes in precipitation and higher drought frequency, have a large impact on forests. In Poland, particularly Norway spruce and Scots pine forest stands are exposed to disturbances and have, thus experienced changes in recent years. Considering that Scots pine stands cover approximately 58% of forests in Poland, mapping these areas with an early and timely detection of forest cover changes is important, e.g., for forest management decisions. A cost-efficient way of monitoring forest changes is the use of remote sensing data from the Sentinel-2 satellites. They monitor the Earth’s surface with a high temporal (2–3 days), spatial (10–20 m), and spectral resolution, and thus, enable effective monitoring of vegetation. In this study, we used the dense time series of Sentinel-2 data from the years 2015–2019, (49 images in total), to detect changes in coniferous forest stands dominated by Scots pine. The simple approach was developed to analyze the spectral trajectories of all pixels, which were previously assigned to the probable forest change mask between 2015 and 2019. The spectral trajectories were calculated using the selected Sentinel-2 bands (visible red, red-edge 1–3, near-infrared 1, and short-wave infrared 1–2) and selected vegetation indices (Normalized Difference Moisture Index, Tasseled Cap Wetness, Moisture Stress Index, and Normalized Burn Ratio). Based on these, we calculated the breakpoints to determine when the forest change occurred. Then, a map of forest changes was created, based on the breakpoint dates. An accuracy assessment was performed for each detected date class using 861 points for 46 classes (45 dates and one class representing no changes detected). The results of our study showed that the short-wave infrared 1 band was the most useful for discriminating Scots pine forest stand changes, with the best overall accuracy of 75%. The evaluated vegetation indices underperformed single bands in detecting forest change dates. The presented approach is straightforward and might be useful in operational forest monitoring.
A New Soil Moisture Retrieval Algorithm from the L-Band Passive Microwave Brightness Temperature Based on the Change Detection Principle

The launch of the SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) and SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) satellites has led to the development of a series of L-band soil moisture retrieval algorithms. In these algorithms, many input parameters (such as leaf area index and soil texture) and empirical coefficients (such as roughness coefficient (hP, NRP) and crop structure parameter (bP, ttP)) are needed to calculate surface soil moisture (SSM) from microwave brightness temperature. Many previous studies have focused on how to determine the value of these coefficients and input parameters. Nevertheless, it can be difficult to obtain their ‘real’ values with low uncertainty across large spatial scales. To avoid this problem, a passive microwave remote sensing SSM inversion algorithm based on the principle of change detection was proposed and tested using theoretical simulation and a field SSM dataset for an agricultural area in northeastern China. This algorithm was initially used to estimate SSM for radar remote sensing. First, theoretical simulation results were used to confirm the linear relationship between the change rates for SSM and surface emissivity, for both H and V polarization. This demonstrated the reliability of the change detection algorithm. Second, minimum emissivity (or the difference between maximum emissivity and minimum emissivity) was modeled with a linear relationship between vegetation water content, derived from a three-year (2016–2018) SMAP L3 SSM dataset. Third, SSM values estimated by the change detection algorithm were in good agreement with SMAP L3 SSM and field SSM, with RMSE values ranging from 0.015~0.031 cm3/cm3 and 0.038~0.051 cm3/cm3, respectively. The V polarization SSM accuracy was higher than H polarization and combined H and V polarization accuracy. The retrieved SSM error from the change detection algorithm was similar to SMAP SSM due to errors inherited from the training dataset. The SSM algorithm proposed here is simple in form, has fewer input parameters, and avoids the uncertainty of input parameters. It is very suitable for global applications and will provide a new algorithm option for SSM estimation from microwave brightness temperature.
On combining fault tolerance and partial replication with causal consistency

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the limitations imposed by introducing fault-tolerance in a partial replication system which aims to provide causal consistency. The general outcome is that, to provide support for indefinite replica-failure, the notion of partial in partial replication becomes not-really-partial-at-all. We prove that to implement causal consistency when indefinite replica-failures are possible, it is impossible to respect the concept of genuine partial replication -- not storing or propagating operations which are on objects a given replica does not replicate locally. In our initial approach to tackle this issue client replicas need only to replicate the operations they depend on which have not yet been marked as durable by the centralised component. We discuss remaining limitations and expected improvements in future work.
Seismogenic Source Model of the 2019, Mw 5.9, East-Azerbaijan Earthquake (NW Iran) through the Inversion of Sentinel-1 DInSAR Measurements

In this work, we investigate the Mw 5.9 earthquake occurred on 7 November 2019 in the East-Azerbaijan region, in northwestern Iran, which is inserted in the tectonic framework of the East-Azerbaijan Plateau, a complex mountain belt that contains internal major fold-and-thrust belts. We first analyze the Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) measurements obtained by processing the data collected by the Sentinel-1 constellation along ascending and descending orbits; then, we invert the achieved results through analytical modelling, in order to better constrain the geometry and characteristics of the seismogenic source. The retrieved fault model shows a rather shallow seismic structure, with a center depth at about 3 km, approximately NE–SW-striking and southeast-dipping, characterized by a left-lateral strike-slip fault mechanism (strike = 29.17°, dip = 79.29°, rake = −4.94°) and by a maximum slip of 0.80 m. By comparing the inferred fault with the already published geological structures, the retrieved solution reveals a minor fault not reported in the geological maps available in the open literature, whose kinematics is compatible with that of the surrounding structures, with the local and regional stress states and with the performed field observations. Moreover, by taking into account the surrounding geological structures reported in literature, we also use the retrieved fault model to calculate the Coulomb Failure Function at the nearby receiver faults. We show that this event may have encouraged, with a positive loading, the activation of the considered receiver faults. This is also confirmed by the distribution of the aftershocks that occurred near the considered surrounding structures. The analysis of the seismic events nucleated along the left-lateral strike-slip minor faults of the East-Azerbaijan Plateau, such as the one analyzed in this work, is essential to improve our knowledge on the seismic hazard estimation in northwestern Iran.
Tree Crown Delineation Algorithm Based on a Convolutional Neural Network

Tropical forests concentrate the largest diversity of species on the planet and play a key role in maintaining environmental processes. Due to the importance of those forests, there is growing interest in mapping their components and getting information at an individual tree level to conduct reliable satellite-based forest inventory for biomass and species distribution qualification. Individual tree crown information could be manually gathered from high resolution satellite images; however, to achieve this task at large-scale, an algorithm to identify and delineate each tree crown individually, with high accuracy, is a prerequisite. In this study, we propose the application of a convolutional neural network—Mask R-CNN algorithm—to perform the tree crown detection and delineation. The algorithm uses very high-resolution satellite images from tropical forests. The results obtained are promising—the R e c a l l , P r e c i s i o n , and F 1 score values obtained were were 0.81 , 0.91 , and 0.86 , respectively. In the study site, the total of tree crowns delineated was 59,062 . These results suggest that this algorithm can be used to assist the planning and conduction of forest inventories. As the algorithm is based on a Deep Learning approach, it can be systematically trained and used for other regions.
A Mesh Correspondence Approach for Efficient Animation Transfer

Animating a novel character not only needs a lot of effort and time but also requires the intervention of an experienced user. Moreover, the traditional animation pipeline for a set of characters can be a tedious and cumbersome process which often needs to be repeated several times to correct artifacts. We propose a user-friendly, semi-automated efﬁcient method which is realized in two phases: (i) mesh correspondence, and (ii) skeleton and skinning transfer. We have developed a software tool for realizing the entire process without the need of third party software. We have improved the efﬁciency of the entire animation transfer process. To substantiate this, we provide a comparative performance evaluation with previous competent approaches
Earth Observation Contribution to Cultural Heritage Disaster Risk Management: Case Study of Eastern Mediterranean Open Air Archaeological Monuments and Sites

Disaster risk management (DRM) for cultural heritage is a complex task that requires multidisciplinary cooperation. This short communication underlines the critical role of satellite remote sensing (also known as earth observation) in DRM in dealing with various hazards for cultural heritage sites and monuments. Here, satellite observation potential is linked with the different methodological steps of the DRM cycle. This is achieved through a short presentation of recent paradigms retrieved from research studies and the Scopus scientific repository. The communication focuses on the Eastern Mediterranean region, an area with an indisputable wealth of archaeological sites. Regarding the cultural heritage type, this article considers relevant satellite observation studies implemented in open-air archaeological monuments and sites. The necessity of this communication article emerged while trying to bring together earth observation means, cultural heritage needs, and DRM procedures.