Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determining the Presence of Spalted Wood in Spanish Marquetry Woodworks of the 1500s through the 1800s

The process of using fungal-colored wood (spalted wood) for marquetry and intarsia woodworks in Italy and Germany was very popular from the 1400–1600s, with some instances continuing as late as the 1800s. While spalted marquetry in these countries is relatively well documented, less is known about its use in other parts of Europe. One of the primary reasons for this lack of knowledge is the difficulty in identifying spalted wood, especially the blue-green variety produced from Chlorociboria species, from wood dyed with copper-based compounds or other synthetics. The most reliable testing method involves destructive sampling, where a small piece is taken from the work, the pigment extracted, and an analysis performed. Such sampling is simply not feasible, nor often allowed, on ancient artwork. To make a reliable, non-destructive identification of spalted wood, a visual method based on anatomical characteristics of spalted wood was developed to differentiate spalted wood from dyed wood. High-resolution pictures were taken from wooden artifacts containing blue-green colored wood in collections at the National Museum of Decorative Arts (MNAD), the Royal Site Monastery El Escorial and the Bilbao Museum of Fine Arts in Spain. The concentration of pigment in the rays, the color distribution, the size of the piece and the date of production, were analyzed. With the use of this new visual method, it was possible to determine that intarsia artifacts, held in Spain but of Augsburg origin from the 1500–1600s, contained spalted wood details. Meanwhile, Spanish and Italian intarsia artifacts from the 1800s were found to only contain dyed wood.
The Violent Effigy: A Study Of Dickens' Imagination

Bottled babies, wooden legs, walking coffins, corpses, umbrellas, waxworks, locks and living furniture - these are a few of the obsessions the author uncovers while investigating the strange poetry of Dickens' imagination. This book sees Dickens as, essentially, not a moralist or social commentator but as an anarchic comic genius, who was drawn irresistibly to the sinister and grotesque - murderers, frauds and public executions. Separate chapters are devoted to Dickens' interest in violence, sex and children, as well as to his humour and his symbolism. "The Violent Effigy" includes essays on "Bleak House" and "Little Dorrit", which stress Dickens' imaginative generosity and virtuosity.
Error concealment based on directional interpolation

Compressed bitstreams are, in general, very sensitive to channel errors. For instance, a single bit error in a coded video bitstream may cause severe degradation on picture quality. When bit errors occur during transmission and cannot be corrected by an error correction scheme, error concealment is needed to conceal the corrupted image at the receiver. Error concealment algorithms attempt to repair damaged portions of the picture by exploiting both the spatial and the temporal redundancies in the received and reconstructed video signal. We discuss several temporal, spatial, and transform-domain error concealment techniques for MPEG coded pictures, and propose a new scheme based on directional interpolation. We also compare the performance of these techniques by computer simulation.
Gamete intrafallopian transfer versus super-ovulation with intrauterine insemination for the treatment of infertility

Background. A prospective randomised controlled trial comparing gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) with intrauterine insemination (IUI) was undertaken at the Fertility and Reproductive Biology Unit of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tygerberg Hospital, between July 1999 and June 2000. Method. Eighty-five women were included in the study and were randomly allocated between the two groups after routine infertility investigations, 41 women to IUI and 44 women to GIFT. A combination of clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin was administered to both groups to achieve ovulation. Results. Six (13.6%) of the 44 cycles in the IUI group and 24 (53.3%) of the 45 cycles in the GIFT group achieved conception. The mean number of cycles needed to achieve pregnancy in IUI was 7.3 (44/6) and in GIFT was 2.05 (45/24). The ongoing pregnancy rate of GIFT was 39.7% more effective than that of IUI (p=0.0001.The total ongoing pregnancy rate of GIFT was 30.8% superior to that of IUI (p=0.0021). When 2 follicles were obtained in an IUI cycle, GIFT was 41.6% more effective (p=0.0024), and when more than 2 follicles were obtained, GIFT was 28.3% more effective (p=0.0265). Conclusions. The number of mature follicles significantly increased the chance of pregnancy with IUI. In comparing the number of cycles needed to achieve a pregnancy, 1 GIFT cycle is equivalent to more than 3 IUI cycles. It is important to note that 4 IUI cycles will give equivalent or even better results if 2 - 3 follicles are recruited per cycle. In spite of the greater efficacy of GIFT, the authors conclude that at least 3 to 4 IUI cycles should be attempted before GIFT, on the basis that it is more cost effective and less invasive. South African Journal of Obstetrics and gynaecology Vol. 13 (3) 2007: pp. 104-109
A Narrative Literature Review of the Impact of Anti-TNFα Treatment on the Occupational Performance of People with Rheumatoid Arthritis or Ankylosing Spondylitis

Introduction: Anti-TNFα treatment has revolutionised the disease pathway for some people with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, although physiological improvements do not always readily translate into re-engagement in occupational activities. This review explores the evidence base for the impact of anti-TNFα on occupational performance. Method: Literature was searched from 2000–11. A four-stage process resulted in the review of 19 articles. The Weight of Evidence framework was used to assess quality and relevance to the review question. Findings: People on anti-TNFα treatment experience increased engagement in functional, psychological and social domains. Most studies focused on employment issues, with conflicting evidence about how well anti-TNFα protected against work disability and very limited evidence that anti-TNFα enabled return to paid work. The increase in productivity was to the detriment of other occupational domains, with resulting occupational imbalance. Conclusion: The assumption that clinical improvement is relatively trouble free is incorrect, as some people on anti-TNFα treatment continue to experience difficulties in all occupational domains, particularly work. People on anti-TNFα treatment do not routinely have access to occupational therapy services. Further research needs to explore the nuanced experiences of treatment and the role of occupational therapy in maximising the treatment potential of anti-TNFα.
Evaluation of the implementation of nursing diagnostics. A study of the use of nursing diagnoses, interventions and outcomes in nursing documentation.

Background. Few studies described nursing diagnosis classification criteria and how classifications meet these criteria. Objectives. The purpose was to identify criteria for nursing diagnosis classifications and to assess how these criteria are met by different classifications. Design/Methods. First, a literature review was conducted (N= 50) to identify criteria for nursing diagnoses classifications and to evaluate how these criteria are met by the International Classification of Nursing Practice (ICNP), the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), the International Nursing Diagnoses Classification (NANDA-I), and the Nursing Diagnostic System of the Centre for Nursing Development and Research (ZEFP). Using literature review based general and specific criteria; the principal investigator evaluated each classification, applying a matrix. Second, a convenience sample of twenty nursing experts from different Swiss care institutions answered standardized interview forms, querying current national and international classification state and use. Results. The first general criterion is that a diagnosis classification should describe the knowledge base and subject matter for which the nursing profession is responsible. ICNP and NANDA-I meet this goal. The second general criterion is that each class fits within a central concept. The ICF and NANDA-I are the only two classifications built on conceptually driven classes. The third general classification criterion is that each diagnosis possesses a description, diagnostic criteria, and related etiologies. Although ICF and ICNP describe diagnostic terms, only NANDA-I fulfils this criterion. The analysis indicated that NANDA-I fulfilled most of the specific classification criteria in the matrix. The nursing experts considered NANDA-I to be the best-researched and most widely implemented classification in Switzerland and internationally. Conclusions. The international literature and the opinion of Swiss expert nurses indicate that – from the perspective of classifying comprehensive nursing diagnoses – NANDA-I should be recommended for nursing practice and electronic nursing documentation. Study limitations and future research needs are discussed.
Pareto-optimal design of broadband microwave absorbers using genetic algorithms

The authors illustrate the application of multicriteria optimization technique to the synthesis of broadband microwave absorptive coatings. For many applications, the problem of designing a coating involves a tradeoff between conflicting goals, namely those of minimizing the total coating thickness while achieving maximum absorption. The authors propose a continuation of the work of Michielssen et al. (in press), by incorporating, within the genetic algorithm, a mechanism for investigating the tradeoff between coating thickness and absorption, by using the concepts of Pareto-optimality. Numerical results are presented. <<ETX>>
Constraining the MLP power of expression to facilitate symbolic rule extraction

Extracting symbolic rules from multilayer perceptrons is an important open question, especially when input neurons are continuous. To solve this problem we constrain the power of expression of a standard MLP with threshold functions in the hidden layer. In this case, hyper-plane equations are precisely determined and translated into symbolic rules. We illustrate our interpretable MLP (IMLP) in two applications; one from iris classification, and one from coronary heart disease diagnosis. In spite of the reduced power of expression, IMLP is able to give close mean predictive accuracy with respect to a standard MLP.
Limestone replacement in restoration : the case of the church of Santa Maria (Birkirkara, Malta)

The Church of Santa Maria is one of the finest examples of seventeenth century heritage monuments in the Maltese archipelago. The provenance of limestone used in the restoration works is different from the original heritage fabric. It is obtained from a quarry located 5.2 km south of the church whilst the original source of the limestone, according to tradition, is from an area 2.2 km north of the monument. This petrological study concludes that although both extracted from the same geological formation, there are physical, textural, geochemical and mineralogical differences even over a distance of 7.4 km. The limestone used in replacement is more resistance in terms of compressive strength and is less porous. Although having same principal non-carbonate oxides, the quantitative variations in the geochemistry and the mineralogy are indicative of qualitative differences between the two lithotypes; they are diagnostic indicators of the provenance of the limestone.
Determinantes da qualidade da alimentação na visão de pacientes hospitalizados Alimentation quality determinants according to hospitalized patients Determinantes de la calidad de la alimentación según pacientes hospitalizados

This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the quality required for patients regarding alimentation during hospital internment. Patients interned in apartments and infirmaries of two general hospitals of Curitiba City-PR, answered a questionnaire that evaluated the relevance of nine characteristics of quality. Results showed that the characteristics of temperature, flavor, hygiene, menu, courtesy of feeding service and adequate utensils for meals were considered very important by hospitalized customers. The knowledge of hospital alimentation quality determinants must be the starting point for the development of strategies to care for necessities of customers, preventing that factors related to the service offered by the Unit of Feeding and Nutrition negatively influence the accep- tance of foods by hospitalized patients.
Multi-Source Learning in a 3G Network

By 2020 the world is expected to generate 50 times the amount of data it did in 2011, and much of this increased information will be carried over a mobile network. Understanding the data in the network can assist in mitigating threats to network performance such as congestion and help in network management and the allocation of resources. This master’s thesis aims to investigate to what extent the data carried through the mobile network can be understood in its real-world context, and whether anomalous patterns in the network data profile data can be explained using external data sources. We constructed topic models using LDA for a Twitter stream in London and modeled how the topics’ relative importance changed over time. We examined three anomalous points in the network data profile and studied their correlation with the topic proportions and current weather information. The topic model for Twitter performed poorly due to the difficulty in processing the multifaceted. Twitter corpus. We acknowledge the need to refine the LDA model, to include additional textual data sources, and to understand the different types of anomalous present in the network together with their causes. Such an understanding would allow for a more targeted analysis of anomalous patterns in the network and their relation to the real world.
Languages with longer words have more lexical change

The findings to be presented in this paper were not anticipated, but came about as an unexpected result of looking at how the application of a version of the Levenshtein distance to word lists compares with cognate counting. We were interested in the degree to which the two correlate. The results of this investigation are intrinsically interesting and will be presented in the following section 2, but even more interesting is our finding that differences between counting cognates and measuring the Levenshtein distances vary as a function of average word lengths in the word lists compared. This observation will occupy the remainder of the paper, with section 3 devoted to establishing the sta tis tical significance of the observation across language families, while section 4 establishes the significance within language groups, and section 5 discusses competing explanations. First we briefly explain the specific version of the Levenshtein distance used and the concept of cognate identification. In numerous previous papers, beginning in Holman et al. (2008a), the present authors as well as other members of the network of scholars participating in the project known as ASJP (or Automated Similarity Judgment Pro gram) have applied a computer-assisted comparison of word lists in order to derive a measure of differences among languages. Our method consists in comparing pairs of words to determine the Levenshtein distance, LD, which is defined as the number of substitutions, insertions, and deletions necessary to transform one word into another. The LD is divided by the length of the longer of the two words compared such that any distance will come to lie in the range 0%–100%. This normalized measure, called LDN,2 is averaged over all pairs of words referring to the same concept in lists from two given languages. To enhance discrimination between related and unrelated languages, this average LDN is further divided by the average LDN between words referring to dif ferent concepts in the different lists, to obtain what we call LDND (‘Leven shtein Distance Normalized Divided’). A similarity measure, here called ASJPsim, is defined by subtracting LDND from 100%.
Computer vision in interactive robotics

Computer vision provides many opportunities for novel man‐machine interfaces. Pointing and face gestures can be used as a simple, passive means of interfacing with computers and robots. We describe two novel algorithms to track the position and orientation of the user’s hand or face in video images. This information is used to determine where the hand or face is pointing. This can be used in interactive robotics to allow a user with manipulation disabilities or working in hazardous environments to guide a robot manipulator to pick up a simple object of interest.
Enriching a Meta-Language With Higher-Order Features

Various meta-languages for the manipulation and specification of programs and programming languages have recently been proposed. We examine one such framework, called natural semantics, which was inspired by the work of G. Plotkin on operational semantics and extended by G. Kahn and others at INRIA. Natural semantics makes use of a first-order meta-language which represents programs as first-order tree structures and reasons about these using natural deduction-like methods. We present the following three enrichments of this meta-language. First, programs are represented not by first-order structures but by simply typed A-terms. Second, schema variables in inference rules can be higher-order variables. Third, the reasoning mechanism is explicitly extended with proof methods which have proved valuable for natural deduction systems. In particular, we add methods for introducing and discharging assumptions and for introducing and discharging parameters. The first method can be used to prove hypothetical propositions while the second can be used to prove generic or universal propositions. We provide several example specifications using this extended meta-language and compare them to their first-order specifications. We argue that our extension yields a more natural and powerful meta-language than the related first-order system. We outline how this enriched meta-language can be compiled into the higher-order logic programming language XProlog.
Evaluación del estado de maduración de la piña en su variedad perolera mediante técnicas de visión artificial

Los sistemas de visión artificial permiten identificar características físicas y defectos de los productos de manera no intrusiva y confiable. Debido a estas ventajas, los sistemas de visión han tenido gran aceptación en las industrias agrícola y alimenticia, ya que estas industrias requieren de una alta demanda de objetividad, coherencia y eficiencia en el control de la calidad de los productos, condiciones que los sistemas de visión artificial pueden cumplir. Este trabajo propone un procedimiento para evaluar de manera automática el estado de maduración de la piña (Ananas Comosus) variedad perolera en post-cosecha mediante técnicas de visión artificial. El procedimiento de evaluación propuesto es implementado a través de un algoritmo de procesamiento de imágenes digitales en color basado en las etapas de pre-procesamiento, segmentación, extracción de características y clasificación estadística. Se empleó, imágenes en el espacio de color HSV, segmentación por umbralización automática mediante el método de Otsu, el momento de primer orden de las distribuciones de los planos H y S como características, y el algoritmo MBSAS (Modified Basic Sequential Algorithmic Scheme– en inglés) para la clasificación. Se utilizaron 319 imágenes, de las cuales 110 imágenes fueron utilizadas en el proceso de entrenamiento y 209 imágenes fueron utilizadas en el proceso de evaluación. Los resultados obtenidos por el procedimiento de evaluación propuesto en este trabajo, fueron contrastados con el juicio de valor de tres expertos, que mostraron que el algoritmo propuesto tiene una eficiencia de evaluación cercana al 96,36%.
The language of news media

List of Figures and Tables. Editora s Preface. Introduction and Acknowledgements. 1. Media and Language. 1.1. Why Study Media Language? 1.2. Media Language Research and the disciplines. 1.3. Themes of the book. 2. Researching Media Language. 2.1. Universe and sample. 2.2. Whata s news: defining genres. 2.3. News outlets. 2.4. News outputs. 2.5. Pitfalls, shortcuts and the wrong way round. 2.6. The media react to research. 3. The Production of News Language. 3.1. Many hands make tight work. 3.2. Producer roles in news language. 3.3. The news assembly line. 3.4. Embedding in the news text. 4. Authoring and Editing the News Text. 4.1. Constructing the news text. 4.2. How news is edited. 4.3. Why edit? 5. The Audience for Media Language. 5.1. Disjunction and isolation. 5.2. Multiple roles in the audience. 5.3. Audience embedding. 5.4. Communications as audience. 6. Stylina the News: Audience Design. 6.1. Style in language. 6.2. Style and audience status in the British press. 6.3. Audience design in New Zealand radio. 6.4. Editing copy for style. 7. Talking Strange: Referee Design in Media Language. 7.1. Taking the initiative. 7.2. The referees. 7.3. Television advertisements as referee design. 8. Telling Stories. 8.1. News stories and personal narratives. 8.2. News values. 8.3. News as stories. 8.4. The structure of news stories. 9. Makeup of the News Story. 9.1. The lead. 9.2. Headlines. 9.3. News stories and actors. 9.4. Time and place in the news. 9.5. Facts and figures. 9.6. Talking heads. 10. Telling It Like It Isna t. 10.1. Approaches to media miscommunication. 10.2. Misreporting: the climate case change. 10.3. Misediting international news. 11. (Mis)understanding the News. 11.1. Recall and comprehension. 11.2. The public misunderstand climate change. Notes. References. Index.
Applications of Dental CT in Oral Clinical Practice

Purpose: In this paper,dental CT which is the new technique of using cone-beam CT in oral 3D imaging is investigated and summarized,and then it will provide reference for the corresponding technicians and researchers in this field.Methods: At first dental CT and its general principle and the comparison between dental CT and conventional CT are introduced and analyzed.Then the applications of dental CT in clinical practice are systematically summarized.Results: Compared with conventional CT,dental CT uses cone-beam source and panel detector.Thus,dental CT has the advantages of higher resolution and lower dose.Conclusions: Dental CT turns blind operation into foreseeable operation,which strengthens the safe of oral operation and improves the operation effect.It brings evangel to sufferers.
Robust Negative Sampling for Network Embedding

Many recent network embedding algorithms use negative sampling (NS) to approximate a variant of the computationally expensive Skip-Gram neural network architecture (SGA) objective. In this paper, we provide theoretical arguments that reveal how NS can fail to properly estimate the SGA objective, and why it is not a suitable candidate for the network embedding problem as a distinct objective. We show NS can learn undesirable embeddings, as the result of the “Popular Neighbor Problem. ” We use the theory to develop a new method “R-NS” that alleviates the problems of NS by using a more intelligent negative sampling scheme and careful penalization of the embeddings. R-NS is scalable to large-scale networks, and we empirically demonstrate the superiority of R-NS over NS for multi-label classification on a variety of real-world networks including social networks and language networks.