Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Free-stall Design for Maximum Cow Comfort

The basic premise of milking more efficiently through a parlor, while being able to keep larger groups of cows together in management groups in larger herds is sound from a management and economic perspective. Cows are ‘free’ to move between a feedbunk where a Total Mixed Ration is available every hour of every day, and a stall, designed to provide her ample rest on a clean dry comfortable surface. This is the ideal – the question is whether it is the reality.
Asteroseismic inferences on red giants in open clusters NGC 6791, NGC 6819, and NGC 6811 using Kepler

Context. Four open clusters are present in the Kepler field of view and timeseries of nearly a year in length are now available. These timeseries allow us to derive asteroseismic global oscillation parameters of red-giant stars in the three open clusters NGC 6791, NGC 6819 and NGC 6811. From these parameters and effective temperatures, we derive masses, radii and luminosities for the clusters as well as field red giants. Aims. We study the influence of evolution and metallicity on the observed red-giant populations. Methods. The global oscillation parameters are derived using different published methods and the effective temperatures are derived from 2MASS colours. The observational results are compared with BaSTI evolution models. Results. We find that the mass has significant influence on the asteroseismic quantities Δν vs. νmax relation, while the influence of metallicity is negligible, under the assumption that the metallicity does not affect the excitation/damping of the oscillations. The positions of the stars in the H-R diagram depend on both mass and metallicity. Furthermore, the stellar masses derived for the field stars are bracketed by those of the cluster stars. Conclusions. Both the mass and metallicity contribute to the observed difference in locations in the H-R diagram of the old metal-rich cluster NGC 6791 and the middle-aged solar-metallicity cluster NGC 6819. For the young cluster NGC 6811, the explanation of the position of the stars in the H-R diagram challenges the assumption of solar metallicity, and this open cluster might have significantly lower metallicity [Fe/H] in the range − 0.3 to − 0.7 dex. Also, nearly all the observed field stars seem to be older than NGC 6811 and younger than NGC 6791.
Heat Kernel for Simply-Connected Riemann Surfaces

From the uniformization theorem, we know that every Riemann surface has a simply-connected covering space. Moreover, there are only three simply-connected Riemann surfaces: the sphere, the Euclidean plane, and the hyperbolic plane. In this paper, we collect the known heat kernels, or Green's functions, for these three surfaces, and we derive the differential forms heat kernels as well. Then we give a method for using the heat kernels on the universal cover to generate the heat kernel on the underlying surface.
E-anatomy Kit: An Innovative and Hybrid Tool for Gross Anatomy of Respiratory System Digital Practical

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affects medical education in anatomy. The new learning environment has lost face-to-face contact, cadaveric dissection and access to anatomy museum which are perceived as the signature methods in anatomy education. E-anatomy kit is a non-conventional teaching modality innovated as an alternative to the gross practical session. The e-anatomy kit was designed to improve the virtual practical experience for first year medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. E-anatomy kit consists of: (a) pre-recorded cadaveric demonstration, (b) 3D4Medical Complete Anatomy app, (c) interactive diagram labelling, (d) schematic diagram, and (e) mnemonic. From educational perspective, the e-anatomy kit is in line with the active learning approach and collaborative learning; its instructional design follows the principles of the Cognitive Load Theory. This article describes the components and systematic approach of e-anatomy kit as a new method for teaching gross anatomy of respiratory system during virtual practical, which is useful for anatomy educators.
Human osteoblast and osteoclast stem cell differentiation: A systematic review of biochemical analysis

Stem cells are being better understood in today’s research pace of cell biology research and its applications in bone regenerative medicine. However, a vast variety of techniques are available to analyse the differentiation of human osteoblasts and osteoclasts from stem cells. Hence, this review aims to identify and evaluate the biochemical approaches in analysing osteoblast and osteoclast stem cell differentiation using human stem cells. The method used in this study is a systematic review. Four articles were selected from PubMed and Web of Science (WOS) databases based on specific inclusion criteria and following PRISMA guidelines. One main approach was used as the focus point of the review, namely the biochemical (protein and enzyme activity in the cell) approach. This review summarises the findings of all relevant stem cell studies using a biochemical approach in understanding osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. The results show trends in the usage of biochemical approaches to analyse osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation; the most used techniques for quantitative biochemical analyses are ALP and TRAP assays respectively.
Turizm Harcamaları, Ekonomik Büyüme, Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisinin İncelenmesi ve Politika Önerileri: OECD Ülkeleri Örneği (Examining the Causality Relationship Between Tourism Expenditures, Economic Growth, Foreign Direct Investments in addition Policy Proposal: Ana

Turizm, önemi giderek artan ve ülke ekonomisini canlandırma konusunda öncü sayılabilecek sektörlerden biri haline gelmiştir. Özellikle turizm sektörü ile bağlantılı olan doğrudan yabancı yatırımların (DYY) ülke ekonomisine katkısı önemlidir. Bu yatırımlarla birlikte, gelen turist sayısı ve bu turistlerin yaptıkları harcamalar da ekonomik büyümeyi etkilemektedir. Turizm sektöründen elde edilecek verimin istenilen düzeye çıkarılması için ülkelerin hedeflerini bu doğrultuda belirlemesi gerekmektedir. Belirlenen hedef ve ilkelere göre hareket edebilmek için ise uygun politikalar belirlenmelidir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada amaçlanan temel olgu, DYY ve ekonomik büyümenin etken olduğu uygun turizm politikalarının oluşturulabilmesinin sağlanmasıdır. Amaçlanan politikaların çıktısının yorumlanması için İktisadi İşbirliği ve Gelişme Teşkilatı (OECD) ülkeleri üzerine 2005-2020 yılı aralığı için Emirmahmutoğlu ve Köse (2011) tarafından geliştirilen panel nedensellik testi uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, turizm politikası açısından, gelen turist sayısından daha önemli olan konu, sürdürülebilir ve katma değer yaratan turistin harcama yapmasının sağlanmasıdır. Bu bağlamda turizm politikalarının teknolojik ve çevreci bir altyapıya oturtulması önem arz etmektedir.
Anti-Tumor Efficacy of Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Antibodies in Combination With Other Anticancer Drugs in Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background The clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) has been proven; however, it is also known that their efficacy as monotherapy is limited, with a response rate of 20% or less in solid tumors. The combination of CPIs and anticancer agents has been actively attempted in solid tumors area. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to find favorable combination therapies of programmed death 1 (PD-1) or programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors in terms of anti-tumor efficacy in clinical settings. Methods An electronic database search was performed using ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, and ASCO/ESMO annual meeting libraries. We included randomized or non-randomized trials designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapies of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and other anticancer drug-containing therapies. All clinical studies selected were solid tumors with objective response rate (ORR) data. The quality of the evidence was assessed with the Cochrane risk of bias tool or the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis used random effects models to pool results. Results Sixteen studies involving 3793 patients were included in the primary analysis. These studies have a monotherapy group with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as the control group or the in-study arm/cohort (1863 patients in the combination group with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and 1930 patients in PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy). The pooled results showed that the combination of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and other anticancer drugs significantly improved the ORR (relative risk [RR] = 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.46, 2.20). In the subgroup analysis, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor plus DNA-synthesis or microtubule inhibitor led to a statistically significant improvement in the ORR compared to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor alone. Conclusions It was suggested that combinations of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and potential immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers improve the clinical anti-tumor efficacy, although updated meta-analyses based on the results of ongoing clinical trials are further needed.
Alcohol extracts of Chinese bayberry branch induce S‐phase arrest and apoptosis in HepG2 cells

Abstract The alcohol extracts of Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) branches (MRBE) are rich in flavonoids which have a variety of medicinal benefits, but their effects on human HepG2 were unknown. In this study, the effects of MRBE on HepG2 cell growth and its potential for inhibiting cancer were explored. The results displayed that MRBE inhibited HepG2 proliferation both by arresting cells in S phase and promoting apoptosis. Quantitative reverse‐transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR), western blotting, and immunofluorescence showed that MRBE induced S‐phase arrest by upregulating p21, which in turn downregulated cyclin and cyclin‐dependent kinase messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein. Apoptosis was induced by blocking the expression of BCL‐2 and suppression of the Raf/ERK1 signaling pathways. These results indicated that MRBE may have the potential for treatment of human liver cancer, highlighting novel approaches for developing new pharmacological tools for the treatment of this deadly type cancer. Meanwhile, it provides a new direction for the medicinal added values of Chinese bayberry, which helped to broaden the diversified development of its industry chain.
Arctiin attenuates lipid accumulation, inflammation and oxidative stress in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through inhibiting MAPK pathway

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease that predominantly affects the adult population. It was reported that arctiin improves functioning of the liver through multiple pathways, but the exact molecular mechanism is not clear yet. First, a mouse obesity model was successfully constructed, and hematoxylin and eosin staining and enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay (ELISA) were used to assess the levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, respectively, in liver tissue damage. Then lipid accumulation in liver tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, and detection kits were used to determine the levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol in serum. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of adipose synthesis proteins, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, stea-royl-CoA desaturase-1 and fatty acid synthase, in liver tissues. Further, the levels of glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase and reactive oxygen species as well as that of interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and the expression of p-P65 and P65, in liver tissues were mea-sured by ELISA and IHC, respectively. Finally, the protein expression levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phospho-ERK, Jun N-terminal kinase, phospho-JNK, p38 and phospho-p38 in liver tissues were examined by WB. The results showed that relative to normal diet, mice on high-fat diet had increased body weight as well as fat content in liver tissues, increased liver tissue damage, decreased oxidative stress capacity and enhanced inflammatory response, while arctiin changed these adverse effects and inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Arctiin exerts hepatoprotective effects by inhibiting MAPK pathway and improving lipid accumulation, inflammatory response and oxidative stress.
Cepheids and other short-period variables near the Galactic Centre

We report the result of our near-infrared survey of short-period variable stars (P<60d) in a field-of-view of 20'x30' towards the Galactic Centre. Forty-five variables are discovered and we classify the variables based on their light curve shapes and other evidence. In addition to 3 classical Cepheids reported previously, we find 16 type II Cepheids, 24 eclipsing binaries, one pulsating star with P=0.265d (RR Lyr or delta Sct) and one Cepheid-like variable whose nature is uncertain. Eclipsing binaries are separated into the foreground objects and those significantly obscured by interstellar extinction. One of the reddened binaries contains an O-type supergiant and its light curve indicates an eccentric orbit. We discuss the nature and distribution of type II Cepheids as well as the distance to the Galactic Centre based on these Cepheids and other distance indicators. The estimates of R0(GC) we obtained based on photometric data agree with previous results obtained with kinematics of objects around the GC. Furthermore, our result gives a support to the reddening law obtained by Nishiyama and collaborators, A(Ks)/E(H-Ks)=1.44, because a different reddening law would result in a rather different distance estimate.
COLD MOLECULAR GAS IN THE INNER TWO KILOPARSECS OF NGC 4151

We present the first spatially resolved spectroscopic imaging observations of the 12CO (1-0) line emission in the central 2.5 kpc of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151, obtained with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI). Most of the cold molecular gas is distributed along two curved gas lanes about 1 kpc north and south of the active nucleus, coincident with the circumnuclear dust ring noted by previous authors. These CO arcs lie within the Inner Lindblad Resonance of the large scale oval bar and have kinematics consistent with those derived from neutral hydrogen observations of the disk and the bar. Two additional gas clumps are detected that show non-circular motion—one associated with the southern gas lane and the other lying ∼600 pc north of the nucleus. Closer to the nucleus, no cold molecular gas is detected in the central 300 pc where abundant near-IR H2 line emission arises. This suggests that the H2 line emission is not a good indicator of a cold gas reservoir in NGC 4151 and that the H2 is likely photo-excited by the active galactic nucleus (AGN). The upper limit of the CO mass in the central 300 pc is sufficient to support the AGN activity at its current level for 107 yr. The total cold molecular mass detected by PdBI is 4.3 × 107 M☉. Finally, 3 mm continuum emission arising from the location of the AGN is detected with a flux of S3 mm ∼ 14 mJy and appears to be unresolved at an angular resolution of 2. ″8 (∼180 pc).
Process Mining Dwelling Time at the Container Port using the Alpha Miner Method

The problem of measuring the dwelling time of the container logistics process at ports in developing countries is often a major problem. Therefore, process mining as a field of data science that focuses on analyzing event log data is used to perform business process analysis. In process mining, the process is a sequence of events or activities that are carried out to achieve certain goals. Event logs help an organization to find gaps between the designed business processes and the reality of the processes that occur. In this study PM4PY as a python library is used to perform process mining techniques. The results of the fitness calculation in this study indicate that the container logistics business process model is close to 0.99.
Influence of Capital Structure on Growth in Wealth of Investment Groups in Kenya

Investment groups are formed with the aim of growing and maximizing wealth for the members. However, some have failed making it difficult for them to be sustainable. The main objective of the study is to establish the influence of capital structure on growth in wealth of investment groups in Kenya, and to establish the moderating effect of group size on the relationship between capital structure and the growth in wealth of investment groups in Kenya. The study used cross sectional survey research design. The population of interest was 4020 investment groups registered by Kenya association of Investment groups. Stratified random sampling method was used and 364 investment groups were selected proportionate to the size of the strata. The survey instrument was a questionnaire administered to the group members and their officials. Pilot test was done using 36 respondents who were drawn from target population but not be included in the main study sample. Cronbach alpha was used to test reliability of the instrument, factor analysis was used in the testing of construct validity by considering average variances extracted and squared correlations of the constructs. Analysis of the data was done using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics involved computations measures of central tendency and presented in frequency tables, pie charts and graphical charts. Inferential statistics was done using the multiple regression. Inferential analysis involved fitting of regression models. The regression analysis results obtained from the study show capital structure had a significant influence on growth in wealth. A moderated multiple regression was fitted to test the moderating effect of size on the relationship between capital structure and growth in wealth. The Moderated Multiple regression model results showed that size has a significant influence on the relationship between capital structure and growth in wealth. The findings and conclusions of this study are of significance to the investment groups. They are able to appreciate how growth in wealth of their groups is influenced by the study variables. Based on the findings the management can be able to understand the strategies to be taken in order to improve the growth of the respective investment groups.
5D Lovelock gravity: New exact solutions with torsion

We investigate Lovelock gravity in five dimensions in first order formalism. We construct a new class of solutions: BTZ black ring with(out) torsion. We show that our solution with torsion exists in the different sector of the Lovelock gravity compared to Lovelock Chern-Simons and the sector investigated by Canfora et al. We compute conserved charges of the solutions by using Nester's formula, and confirm the results by canonical method. We show that the theory linearized around the background with torsion possesses additional degrees of freedom compared to general relativity.
PROSPECTS FOR GeV–TeV DETECTION OF SHORT GAMMA-RAY BURSTS WITH EXTENDED EMISSION

We discuss the GeV to TeV photon emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) within the refreshed shock and the continuous injection scenarios, motivated by the observation of extended emission in a substantial fraction of short GRBs. In the first model we assume that the central engine promptly emits material with a range of Lorentz factors. When the fastest shell starts to decelerate, it drives a forward shock into the ambient medium and a reverse shock into the ejecta. These shocks are reenergized by the slower and later arriving material. In the second model we assume that there is a continued ejection of material over an extended time, and the continuously arriving new material keeps reenergizing the shocks formed by the preceding shells of ejecta. We calculate the synchrotron and synchrotron self-Compton radiation components for the forward and reverse shocks and find that prospective and current GeV–TeV range instruments such as CTA, HAWC, VERITAS, MAGIC, and HESS have a good chance of detecting afterglows of short bursts with extended emission, assuming a reasonable response time.
2FHL: THE SECOND CATALOG OF HARD FERMI-LAT SOURCES

We present a catalog of sources detected above 50 GeV by the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) in 80 months of data. The newly delivered Pass 8 event-level analysis allows the detection and characterization of sources in the 50 GeV–2 TeV energy range. In this energy band, Fermi-LAT has detected 360 sources, which constitute the second catalog of hard Fermi-LAT sources (2FHL). The improved angular resolution enables the precise localization of point sources (∼1.′7 radius at 68% C. L.) and the detection and characterization of spatially extended sources. We find that 86% of the sources can be associated with counterparts at other wavelengths, of which the majority (75%) are active galactic nuclei and the rest (11%) are Galactic sources. Only 25% of the 2FHL sources have been previously detected by Cherenkov telescopes, implying that the 2FHL provides a reservoir of candidates to be followed up at very high energies. This work closes the energy gap between the observations performed at GeV energies by Fermi-LAT on orbit and the observations performed at higher energies by Cherenkov telescopes from the ground.
A Systematic Review of Whether the Use of N95 Respirator Masks Decreases the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in the General Population

The usage of masks such as the N95 has increased exponentially worldwide. With the ever-increasing global rates of cardiovascular disease, it is vital that preventative measures are adopted to help tackle this crisis. N95 masks have been promoted as health prevention odysseys in the battle against viruses such as COVID-19. A systematic review was conducted on whether the N95 masks could help improve our cardiovascular health. Our data sources included PubMed, Medline and Scopus. Eleven studies met the eligibility criteria to be included in the review. N95 mask usage led to increased reports of dyspnoea, however, no significant effect was seen on blood pressure. N95 masks also showed improvement in aortic parameters. While encouraging results were yielded, further focussed studies on the use of N95 masks and the effect on various cardiovascular parameters would help strengthen the association.
The minimal speed of traveling fronts for a diffusive Lotka-Volterra competition model

This paper concerns the minimal speed of traveling wave fronts for a two-species diffusion-competition model of the Lotka-Volterra type. An earlier paper used this model to discuss the speed of invasion of the gray squirrel by estimating the model parameters from field data, and predicted its speed by the use of a heuristic analytical argument. We discuss the conditions which assure the validity of their argument and show numerically the existence of the realistic range of parameter values for which their heuristic argument does not hold. Especially for the case of the strong interaction of two competing species compared with the intraspecific competition, we show that all parameters appearing in the system affect the minimal speed of invasion.