Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cold intolerance assessment: A reappraisal

Introduction: The cold intolerance symptom severity (CISS) questionnaire is frequently used for the assessment of cold intolerance (CI) in patients following hand trauma. Its practical and conceptual limitations prompted the development of a new cold intolerance questionnaire (CIQ). The CIQ assesses and gives equal weighting to five components of CI, severity, frequency, extent, duration and prevention. An optional impact score can be included as the CIQ+. Method: Data were collected over a five-month period from adult hand trauma patients. Each patient completed the CISS, CIQ and the Quick DASH questionnaires during their assessment. A total of 51 patients (34 men and 17 women) were examined at a median interval of 14 months (3–48) after injury. Their mean age was 42 years (SE = 2, range 18–81). Results: The median (range) scores were CIQ = 16 (0–27), CIQ + = 18 (0–33), CISS = 56 (0–89) and Quick DASH = 44 (2–86). The scores were significantly correlated. The majority of patients had symptoms localised to the digit or point of injury. All but one of the five selected components of the CIQ and the separate impact score were significantly correlated. Conclusion: The authors found the CIQ to be a simple scoring system that is suited to clinical use. The CIQ has value as a research tool as it provides a method of categorising patients and of identifying patients suited to certain treatment methods. Furthermore, it may be a more informative tool in monitoring treatment as it is able to assess changes in pattern as well as overall score.
The End of the Wait for Climate Sensitivity?

The Earth system responds on a range of timescales to a change in radiative forcing, and full equilibration takes centuries to millennia in many models. In their recent paper, Saint‐Martin et. al (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083031) propose a technique for reaching a faster equilibrium temperature response to alternative CO2 concentration levels by briefly overshooting the desired concentration level to warm the deep ocean faster than a conventional step change experiment. Understanding how these timescales interact is essential for better representing the relationship between transient climate change and the warming which should be expected as greenhouse gas concentrations stabilize. But the technique also raises new possibilities about how Earth System Models could be developed and whether we could gain the capacity to spin‐up alternative model configurations such as perturbed parameter simulations or alternative control states to explore historical forcing uncertainty.
Development of Agricultural Conservation Reduction Estimator (ACRE), a simple field-scale conservation planning and evaluation tool

The United States spends billions of dollars each year on subsidized conservation practices to reduce sediment and nutrient pollution from agricultural lands with little assessment of how much those loads were reduced. A variety of tools are available to predict the effects of conservation practices, but these either suffer from a lack of accuracy due to limited monitoring data, or are model-based and too complex for use by conservation planners. In this research, we detail the development of a simple tool to fill this need, called the Agricultural Conservation Reduction Estimator (ACRE). ACRE is driven by an extensive national database of export coefficients developed using the Texas Best management practice Evaluation Tool (TBET) and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) models combined with conservation practice efficiencies derived from a mixture of literature values and model simulations. The previously calibrated and validated TBET/SWAT was applied nationally using data from the National Agricultural Model, an effort by the USDA Agricultural Research Service to construct publicly available data sets for modeling at national scale. ACRE uses distributional information from both model predictions and literature estimates to perform a Monte-Carlo based estimate of sediment and nutrient loads (with confidence limits) from cultivated cropland. ACRE meets an important need by providing science-based estimates of conservation practice benefits at the field scale to producers and conservation planners through a very simple tool.
Did We Need Low Energy Campus Mosque?

Campus mosque is the center of Moslem Civitas Academica’s in worshiping/salah. Undip as one of the biggest university had build low energy campus mosque on Tembalang. However, the built mosque might not provide the people demanded during the worshiping. This study was performed by literature review (ASHRAE and tropical building Physic), direct thermal investigation (air temperature, humidity and speed), and worshiper’s satisfaction questionaires. The results were contradiction between worshipper opinions and thermal energy tests.
Comparative Analysis between the Jecheon Sports Center and Miryang Sejong Hospital Fires

The objective of this study is to contribute to the prevention of fires similar to those that have resulted in many casualties. In this regard, this study compared the sports center in Jecheon and Miryang Sejong Hospital fires, analyzing their origins, causes, and the causes of their many casualties focused on any possible similarities. Both fires started from the ceiling due to electric causes. The common causes for their many casualties are as follows: 1) a 119 call after failing to extinguish the fire with fire extinguishers. 2) post-flashover upon arrival of the fire brigade to the fire site, 3) no fire doors installed on the first floor of main stairway, 4) open or nonfunctional fire doors, 5) poor management of the fire compartment of the vertical pit, 6) styrofoam insulation in the ceiling, 7) illegal building extension, and 8) an inoperative emergency diesel engine. Based on the analysis of these problems and similarities, we propose measures to prevent the occurrence of similar fires.
Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in First-degree Relatives of Patients With Drug Dependence With and Without Comorbid Psychiatric Disorder Using the Family History Method (FH-RDC)

Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate psychiatric morbidity risks in first-degree relatives of patients with drug dependence with and without comorbid psychiatric disorder. Methods:The case-control study was carried out in Nigeria. The Family History Method was used to evaluate psychiatric disorders in the first-degree relatives of the patients. Results:The family psychiatric morbidity risks did not predict the development of comorbid psychiatric disorder among the probands. However, psychiatric disorder in the probands correlated significantly with cannabis use, more so with early age at onset of its use. Conclusions:Familial psychiatric morbidity risk was not associated with psychiatric disorder in patients with drug dependence.
Methods of Developing Power to Improve Acceleration for the Non-Track Athlete

SUMMARY IN MOST TEAM-BASED SPORTS ATHLETES MUST BE ABLE TO GENERATE EXPLOSIVE MUSCULAR FORCES TO ACCELERATE, CHANGE DIRECTIONS, AND THEN RE-ACCELERATE OVER RELATIVELY SHORT DISTANCES. THEREFORE, TO BE SUCCESSFUL, ACCELERATION RATHER THAN MAXIMAL VELOCITY IS LIKELY A GREATER PREDICTOR OF SUCCESS IN THESE SPORTS. THIS ARTICLE WILL EXPLORE SOME OF THE TECHNIQUES COMMONLY USED TO IMPROVE AN ATHLETE’S ABILITY TO ACCELERATE BY IMPROVING FORCE, VELOCITY, AND THE COMBINATION OF THESE 2 ELEMENTS.
Mothering the Aggressive Child

MOTHERING THE AGGRESSIVE CHILD Katja Ermann Antioch University Seattle Seattle, WA This qualitative study explores the experience of mothers parenting significantly aggressive children, ages five to 10. Little has been known previously about how women experience this aggression or the social and psychological impacts it has on them. This dissertation highlights the women’s understandings to provide a solid basis for theoretical explication using a Constructivist Ground Theory approach. Significant findings include the invisibility and stigma the women feel and the ways in which the experience is similar and dissimilar to other forms of family violence, particularly adolescent-on-parent violence (APV). Differences were found in social stigma between women whose child has a neurodevelopmental disorder and those parenting a child with trauma. Women were found to endorse a narrative that “good mothers” sacrifice even their own safety for their children and use their strong empathy for their children as a source of empowerment. Finally, the relationship of these findings to the literature as well as discussion of their clinical implications of the study findings are presented. This dissertation is available in open access at AURA: Antioch University Repository and Archive, http://aura.antioch. edu/ and OhioLINK ETD Center, https://etd.ohiolink. edu
Is the Net Cloud Radiative Effect Constrained to be Uniform Over the Tropical Warm Pools?

Global radiative‐convective equilibrium simulations are used to investigate the hypothesis that mutual interactions among cloud albedo, sea surface temperature gradients, and atmospheric circulation constrain the net cloud radiative effect (CRE) to be similar in convective and nonconvective regions over the tropical warm pools. We perform an experiment in which convective clouds interact naturally with the ocean and atmosphere by forming over the warmest water and shading it and an experiment in which this interaction is removed by randomizing cloud shading of the ocean. Removing the cloud shading interaction enhances sea surface temperature gradients, lateral atmospheric heat transport, and large‐scale convective aggregation and produces convective clouds with much more negative net CRE. These findings support the hypothesis that feedbacks between sea surface temperature and convection are critical to obtaining similar net CRE in convective and nonconvective regions over the tropical warm pools.
Macro and Micro Modeling of the Unreinforced Masonry Shear Walls

Masonry structures are constructed by joining masonry units (brick, stone, marble etc.) with mortar. Various methods are used for modeling of masonry walls of the structures. Micro modeling and Macro modeling are two diverse modeling techniques. In this study, these two modeling strategies are analyzed on a solid unreinforced masonry shear wall numerically. The models are implemented in ANSYS software to simulate the structural behavior of a tested wall in literature. The homogenization technique is applied to obtain the material parameters used in the macro model. Brick and mortar are modelled separately in the micro model. Stresses occurring in the walls under the effect of in-plane loads are investigated. The propagations of the cracks on the walls are analyzed numerically. The results obtained in the micro modeling and macro modeling are in consistent with the experimental study in the literature. However, macro modeling and micro modeling represent strictly disparate behavior in the material identification, and crack propagations.
Assessment of the Impacts of Climate Change on Climatic Zones over the Korean Peninsula

In assessing the impact of climate change, the use of a multimodel ensemble (MME) is required to quantify uncertainties between scenarios and produce downscaled outlines for the simulation of climate under the influence of different factors including topography. This study of climate change scenarios from 13 global climate models (GCMs) assesses the impacts of future climate change. Unlike South Korea, North Korea lacks studies using climate change scenarios of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and only recently did the country start the projection of extreme precipitation episodes. As such, one of the main purposes of this study is to predict changes in the average climatic conditions of North Korea in the future. The result of comparing downscaled climate change scenarios with observation data for a reference period indicates the high applicability of the MME. Furthermore, this study classifies climatic zones by applying the Köppen–Geiger climatic zones classification to the MME, which is validated for future precipitation and temperature. The result suggests that the continental climate that covers the inland area for the reference climate is expected to shift into the temperate climate. Moreover, the coefficient of variation (CV) in the temperature ensemble is particularly low for the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula, and, accordingly, a high possibility of the shifting climatic zone of the coast is predicted.
Methane emission and sulfide levels increase in tropical seagrass sediments during temperature stress: A mesocosm experiment

Abstract Climate change‐induced ocean warming is expected to greatly affect carbon dynamics and sequestration in vegetated shallow waters, especially in the upper subtidal where water temperatures may fluctuate considerably and can reach high levels at low tides. This might alter the greenhouse gas balance and significantly reduce the carbon sink potential of tropical seagrass meadows. In order to assess such consequences, we simulated temperature stress during low tide exposures by subjecting seagrass plants (Thalassia hemprichii) and associated sediments to elevated midday temperature spikes (31, 35, 37, 40, and 45°C) for seven consecutive days in an outdoor mesocosm setup. During the experiment, methane release from the sediment surface was estimated using gas chromatography. Sulfide concentration in the sediment pore water was determined spectrophotometrically, and the plant's photosynthetic capacity as electron transport rate (ETR), and maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) was assessed using pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry. The highest temperature treatments (40 and 45°C) had a clear positive effect on methane emission and the level of sulfide in the sediment and, at the same time, clear negative effects on the photosynthetic performance of seagrass plants. The effects observed by temperature stress were immediate (within hours) and seen in all response variables, including ETR, Fv/Fm, methane emission, and sulfide levels. In addition, both the methane emission and the size of the sulfide pool were already negatively correlated with changes in the photosynthetic rate (ETR) during the first day, and with time, the correlations became stronger. These findings show that increased temperature will reduce primary productivity and increase methane and sulfide levels. Future increases in the frequency and severity of extreme temperature events could hence reduce the climate mitigation capacity of tropical seagrass meadows by reducing CO2 sequestration, increase damage from sulfide toxicity, and induce the release of larger amounts of methane.
A 3d high resolution coupled hydrodynamic-biogeochemical model for the Western Mediterranean Sea. Interannual variability of primary and export production

A hydrodynamic model based on the parallelized version (sbPOM) of the Princeton Ocean Model has been configured for the Western Mediterranean Sea with horizontal resolution of 1/20 degree and 52 sigmalayers in the vertical dimension. The model has been nested in oneway offline into an Ocean General Circulation Model for the whole Mediterranean Sea in order to specify the open lateral boundary conditions. The atmospheric forcing is based on the ERAinterim reanalysis data, provided by the European Centre for MediumRange Weather Forecast (ECMWF). A biogeochemical model has been coupled to the hydrodynamic component in order to resolve nonconservative dynamics. The biogeochemical model uses nitrogen as currency and it has a partially described cycle of carbon associated to it. The coupled model has been run in hindcast mode for the 20012008 period and the outputs have been quantitatively and qualitatively validated with remote sensing data for sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll, Sea Level Anomaly (SLA) and Primary Production (PP). The validation of results demonstrates that the model is able to reproduce with accuracy the interannual variability of spatial and seasonal patterns of SST, chlorophyll and PP. The simulated Mean Dynamic Topography (MDT) and the geostrophic circulation associated is in agreement with the principal patterns described in the area. The model estimates higher levels of Eddy Kinetic Energy (EKE) with respect to those obtained from remote sensing SLA maps. This is probably due to the high spatial resolution of the model that would be able to resolve mesoscale structures not captured by altimeter data. Simulated PP presents a low mean interannual variability (1.5%; mean=143.8 g C m-2 year -1) while the Export Production (EP) is characterized by higher fluctuations (18.29%; mean=34.13 g C m-2 year -1). Model results suggest that in the northern areas, the variability of the Mixed Layer Depth is the main responsible for the interannual variability of PP and EP. On the other hand, in the southern portion of the area, mesoscale activity and frontal dynamics are responsible for maintaining high levels of PP and EP, reducing the interannual fluctuations linked to seasonal atmospheric dynamics.
Disentangling Drivers of Meteorological Droughts in the European Greater Alpine Region During the Last Two Centuries

This study investigates the atmospheric drivers of severe precipitation deficits in the Greater Alpine Region during the last 210 years utilizing a daily atmospheric circulation type reconstruction. Precipitation deficit tends to be higher during periods with more frequent anticyclonic (dry) and less frequent cyclonic (wet) circulation types, as would be expected. However, circulation characteristics are not the main drivers of summer precipitation deficit. Dry soils in the warm season tend to limit precipitation, which is particularly the case for circulation types that are sensitive to a soil moisture‐precipitation feedback. This mechanism is of specific relevance in explaining the major drought decades of the 1860s and 1940s. Both episodes show large negative precipitation anomalies in spring followed by increasing frequencies of circulation types sensitive to soil moisture precipitation feedbacks. The dry springs of the 1860s were likely caused by circulation characteristics that were quite different from those of recent decades as a consequence of the large spatial extent of Arctic sea ice at the end of the Little Ice Age. On the other hand, the dry springs of the 1940s developed under a persistent positive pressure anomaly across Western and Central Europe, triggered by positive sea surface temperatures in the western subtropical Atlantic.
WireWall – Laboratory and Field Measurements of Wave Overtopping

In the UK £150bn of assets and 4 million people are at risk from coastal flooding, whilst the construction of sea wall defence schemes typically cost £10,000 per linear meter. With reductions in public funding and 3200 km of coastal defences, cost savings are required that do not cause a reduction in flood resistance. Increasingly there is a requirement to design new coastal flood defences with site specific tolerable hazard thresholds, with regard to wave overtopping during storms of varying severity. The traditional and preferred method for establishing these thresholds has always been physical modelling, but it is recognized that these can cost many 10s thousands of Euros. This is not always feasible, and coastal asset managers have long been looking for affordable methods that can be used to assess overtopping in the field. Recent advances in technology mean existing wave height sensors can now measure at the high frequencies (a few 100 Hz) required to obtain overtopping data, making this the ideal time to initiate a step-change in coastal hazard monitoring capabilities. By converting the existing wave measurement technology into an overtopping monitoring system "WireWall", we can measure the excursions of overtopping volumes and velocities in the lee of a structure. These then can be readily integrated to obtain wave-by-wave volumes and overtopping discharges (l/s/m). At Crosby in the north west of England, the 900 m sea wall will reach the end of its design life in the next 5 years. Deployments of WireWall at this site will provide site-specific data and calibrated overtopping that will feed into the design of a new sea wall. Before deployment in the field, an extensive set of tests were carried out in a 2D wave flume. Starting with known wave conditions from a buoy near the Crosby sea wall, and values from a joint probability wave and water level study, a representation of the sea wall has been tested. Extensive testing was performed to calibrate the WireWall rig. Using traditional methods of assessing wave overtopping in the flume, the WireWall measurements could be directly calibrated against the known volumes collected in the overtopping tanks. At the time of writing, analysis of the laboratory and the flume wave overtopping data is ongoing. The paper describes how WireWall works, describes the laboratory measurements, the field deployments and presents and compares the analysis from the two systems. A successful deployment of the calibrated WireWall rig at Crosby was during the winter of 2018/2019, where waves can be seen overtopping the sea wall is shown in Fig. 1.
Landslides and organic carbon erosion: Reassessing the role of landslides as transient carbon stores in the western Southern Alps, New Zealand.

Landslides erode large amounts of particulate organic carbon (POC) over short periods of time and therefore are thought to play an important role in local carbon cycles. However, the onward fate of POC is poorly constrained, particularly with respect to storage on hillslopes in landslide deposits, which may protect biospheric organic carbon (OCbio) from oxidation and act as short-term stores of CO2. It is also crucial to constrain the source of the eroded organic carbon, with only OCbio able to sequester CO2 from the atmosphere. Understanding the fate of eroded OCbio will help to better infer the consequences of landsliding on the carbon cycle. This thesis contributes to this research gap by quantifying the mass of OCbio eroded by 10 individual landslides in the Southern Alps, New Zealand, and then determining the carbon storage potential for each landslide deposit. I collected 191 samples from landslide deposits, riverbeds, and undisturbed soil profiles, and quantified total organic carbon content and stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) using an elemental analyser coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The mass of OCbio mobilised by each landslide, calculated using soil organic carbon stocks and mapped landslide areas, ranged from 0.32 ± 0.1 tC to 360 ± 100 tC. To find the deposit storage potential, these values were compared to estimates of the mass of OCbio stored in each landslide deposit (0 tC to 3900 ± 3000 tC). This was derived using a binary mixing model, deposit volume, bulk density and organic carbon content. This study found that deposit carbon storage potential was variable across the ten landslides, possibly as a result of landslide type and the processes occurring during and following the initial erosion. Future research should better constrain the factors controlling landslide deposit carbon storage potential, such as bulk density, vegetation and post-landslide erosion