Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Control of assembly of extra-axonemal structures: the paraflagellar rod of trypanosomes

Eukaryotic flagella are complex microtubule based organelles and in many organisms there are extra-axonemal structures present, including the outer dense fibres of mammalian sperm and the paraflagellar rod (PFR) of trypanosomes. Flagellum assembly is a complex process occurring across three main compartments, the cytoplasm, the transition fibre-transition zone, and the flagellum. It begins with translation of protein components, followed by their sorting and trafficking into the flagellum, transport to the assembly site and then incorporation. Flagella are formed from over 500 proteins; the principles governing axonemal component assembly are relatively clear. However, the coordination and sites of extra-axonemal structure assembly processes are less clear. We have discovered two cytoplasmic proteins in T. brucei that are required for PFR formation, PFR assembly factors 1 and 2. Deletion of either PFR-AF1 or PFR-AF2 dramatically disrupted PFR formation and caused a reduction in the amount of major PFR proteins. The presence of cytoplasmic factors required for PFR formation aligns with the concept of processes occurring across multiple compartments to facilitate axoneme assembly and this is likely a common theme for extra-axonemal structure assembly. Summary statement Eukaryotic flagella are complex organelles. In many organisms there are extra-axonemal structures including the trypanosome paraflagellar rod. We have discovered two cytoplasmic proteins that are required for paraflagellar rod formation.
Haemorrhages detection using geometrical techniques

ABSTRACT Aim With an increasing percentage of retinal pathology because of diabetes, eye screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR) is in demand throughout the world. Haemorrhages (HEs) are one of the common signs for the red lesion detection for early diagnosis of this progressive degenerative disease of the retina. The detection of HEs in early stage prevents further progression of the eye disease and reduces the risk of blindness. Methods: The proposed method is based on morphological segmentation and geometrical feature techniques for HEs extraction. This approach uses preprocessing, removal of other retinal image details, determining connected components analysis and applying a specific shape feature set which results in improving the recognition of HEs. Results: The proposed algorithm demonstrated 95.47% accuracy for a Diaretdb1 database at image level detection. Moreover, the proposed method achieved better performance results for HEs extraction when individual images were analysed and compared with the true HEs count according to the multiple expert evaluations. Conclusion: The results obtained prove the potential use of the proposed algorithm in terms of true HEs count to facilitate the DR grading criteria related to HEs.
Protection of High-Voltage DC Grids Using Traveling-Wave Frequency Characteristics

Fast dc fault detection in high-voltage dc (HVdc) grids is paramount due to the possibility of attaining a severely high fault current within few milliseconds. This article proposes a new traveling-wave (TW) based protection scheme to detect and locate faults in HVdc grids. In contrast to the existing TW-based protection and fault location approaches, the proposed scheme, first, utilizes only the first locally measured TW after the inception of a fault, and, second, focuses on the frequency content and polarity of the TW, rather than its arrival time. The direction of the TW is identified based on the pattern of the current TW waveform. A frequency spectral ratio of the current TW is proposed to identify the fault zone and fault location with high accuracy. The proposed method ensures a detection speed of 50 $\mu$s on overhead lines and 500 $\mu$s on underground cables. A remote backup scheme is coordinated with the primary protection and operates within 1.05 ms, which meets the speed requirement of HVdc grids. The performance of the proposed scheme has been, first, assessed using the CIGRE B4 HVdc test grid under various conditions, and, second, compared to existing single- and two-terminal TW methods.
Determining ecotourism satisfaction attributes – a case study of an ecolodge in Fiji

ABSTRACT Increasing competition and demanding ecotourists mean customer satisfaction is critical for any ecolodge business. Ecolodges are a unique accommodation type in the tourism market that attempt to represent ecotourism principles. This study uses Llosa’s tetraclasse model to explore underlying satisfaction attributes within an ecolodge located on the island Kadavu, Fiji. Using semi-structured interviews and focus groups, supplemented by online reviews, this study identifies key moments of positive and negative experience during guests’ stay in the ecolodge. The results of this study provide ecolodges and other small-scale accommodation businesses with specific attributes that heighten satisfaction and identify those attributes that lead to dissatisfaction.
Concentration on submanifolds of positively curved homogeneous spaces

A classical result of Milman roughly states that every Lipschitz function on $\mathbb{S}^n$ is almost constant on a sufficiently high-dimensional sphere $\mathbb{S}^m\subset \mathbb{S}^n$. In this paper we extend the result by proving that any Lipschitz function on a positively curved homogeneous space is almost constant on a high dimensional submanifold.
Is it the visit or the scholarship? An analysis of a special campus visitation program

ABSTRACT We analyze the impact of a campus visit program and scholarship for admitted students on enrolling using data from a public research university. Differences in receiving the scholarship allow us to decompose the effect of the program on enrolling into separate visitation and scholarship effects. Visitation appears to increase enrollment, and the visitation effect is substantially larger when we account for endogeneity than in the simple probit model, though the impact differed by race and residency. We find limited evidence to suggest that the visitation scholarship increases the probability to enroll, except among certain subsets of the population.
Weighted z-Distance-Based Clustering and Its Application to Time-Series Data

Clustering is the practice of dividing given data into similar groups and is one of the most widely used methods for unsupervised learning. Lee and Ouyang proposed a self-constructing clustering (SCC) method in which the similarity threshold, instead of the number of clusters, is specified in advance by the user. For a given set of instances, SCC performs only one training cycle on those instances. Once an instance has been assigned to a cluster, the assignment will not be changed afterwards. The clusters produced may depend on the order in which the instances are considered, and assignment errors are more likely to occur. Also, all dimensions are equally weighted, which may not be suitable in certain applications, e.g., time-series clustering. In this paper, improvements are proposed. Two or more training cycles on the instances are performed. An instance can be re-assigned to another cluster in each cycle. In this way, the clusters produced are less likely to be affected by the feeding order of the instances. Also, each dimension of the input can be weighted differently in the clustering process. The values of the weights are adaptively learned from the data. A number of experiments with real-world benchmark datasets are conducted and the results are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ideas.
Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils and Methanol Extracts of Origanum floribundum Munby

Abstract Methanolic extracts (MEs) and essential oils (EOs) of the aerial parts of two samples of the Algerian endemism Origanum floribundum Munby collected at the beginning of the leafing stage from two different sites were analyzed by RP-HPLC and by GC and GC/MS respectively. They have also been evaluated for their antioxidant activities by the reducing potential and scavenging of radicals DPPH• and ABTS•+. Although the two essential oils have in common p-cymene (60.7-73.4 %) as the most predominant compound, they showed several qualitative and quantitative differences. The MEs analysis identified ten compounds consisting of six phenolic acids and four flavonoids, the most important being rosmarinic acid, salysilic acid and vitexin. The EO and ME of the sample collected from Chrea (OFC) showed more efficient antioxidant activity than those of the Hammam Melouane sample (OFHM). This efficiency was related to the chemical composition of each sample.
The Clinical Relevance of Age at Presentation in Nephroblastoma

ABSTRACT The most important prognostic factors for Wilms tumor (WT) patients seem to be stage, histological subtype, and 1p/16q loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in chemotherapy-naive WTs. Over the last decade, age at diagnosis also was suggested to be an important risk factor for WT recurrence in Children’s Oncology Group (COG), United Kingdom (UK), and International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) studies. Several studies have analyzed age as a prognostic factor; these studies revealed age 4 years has been described as an adverse prognostic factor. In adults (>18 years of age), WT represents less than 1% of all diagnosed renal tumors; therefore, diagnosis of WT in adults is often unexpected and poorly recognized, thereby inducing treatment delay with subsequent adverse outcome. One explanation for the higher risk of recurrence with increasing patient age is the higher frequency of anaplasia at higher age. Other suggested reasons are delay in diagnosis, advanced tumor stage at presentation, and intrinsically different biological behaviors. Whether age is really an independent risk factor, and whether age is a stronger prognostic factor than stage, histology, and LOH 1p/16q, needs to be further explored. This may provide some insight into whether older patients need to be treated more intensively, as is already advised for adult WT patients.
Risk Factors and Outcomes for Bloodstream Infections Among Patients with Skin Infections

Risk Factors and Outcomes for Bloodstream Infections Among Patients with Skin Infections by Michael J. Rybak MPH, Wayne State University, 2005 PharmD, Wayne State University, 1981 BSPharm, Northeastern University, 1979 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health
Physiological and hemato-chemical evaluation of thoroughbred race horses after exercise. -

Exercise physiology is the most useful information that make the race horse such a super athlete and good managed. This study was carried out on twenty one thoroughbred race horses in order to evaluate physical fitness and performance through physical ( Heart rate, Respiratory rate, Body temperature and capillary refilling time ) , hematological ( RBCs, PCV, Hb, total and Differential leucocytic count) and hematochemical evaluation ( TP, Albumin, AST, ALT,CK,LDH, Lactic acid, Glucose, Cholestrol,Na, K, Cl and Urea , Creatinine, Ca, P and Mg ). Physical examination and Blood samples were collected before and at 5, 15 and60 min. after 1600 meter exercised. The results showed significant increase in all physiological , hematological and hematochemical parameters 5 min after exercise that returned to basal levels after 60 min. rest. The results can be useful index about horse performance, the effect of exercise on horse metabolism and helpful in management protocols of athletic horses.
Comparative study of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus

The aim of the study was comparative between oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus using the measurement of some biophysical and biochemical parameters on two groups of diabetic patients, were conducted in the Al-Yarmuk Teaching Hospital,30 patients insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or type 1 ,their ages ranged between (15-45) and30 patients non- insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or type 2,their ages ranged between (42-65). This study has been compared with 30 healthy subjects. The present study was demonstrated to evaluate the alteration in oxidative stress as measured by plasma and red blood cells Malondialdehyde (MDA) andchanges in antioxidant mechanism as measured by plasma and red blood cells Glutathione (GSH) in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2,in compares to healthy control group. The results showed significant increment in serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels ,and significant decrease in serum glutathione (GSH) levels of Diabetic patients (IDDM), (NIDDM)),compared with control. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), Diabetic patients (IDDM),and (NIDDM)patients showed significant increases in LDL levels. LDLs and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) the so-called “bad” cholesterols. Unlike HDLs, LDLs and VLDLs are high-cholesterol particles and significant decrease in HDL compared with control Oxidative stress results when free radicals increase more than antioxidants which is naturally synthesis in the body, then causes changing in the cells accure by oxidative stress.
On the use of nestedness-based similarity functions (NBSF) to classify and/or order operational geographic units (OGUs)

In this paper, we want to support the idea of using a family of indices of similarity, that we call the Simpson’s family indices or nestedness-based similarity functions (NBSF) for comparing operational geographic units (OGUs) (phytosociological releves, animal traps, watersheds, administrative units, industrial areas, islands etc.). In these cases, similarity-dissimilarity depends, in addition to factors that induce replacement, also on factors that produce reduction or increment in the number of features within the same typology of OGUs (e.g., extent, reduction of fertility, anthropogenic pressure etc.). To keep into consideration this aspect, the indices are defined to be equal to 1 when the OGUs are completely nested. The results of the application to four simulated data sets prove that, when the data set does not show clear nested pattern, the use of NBSF produces results similar to the nestedness-free similarity functions, however since NBSF clearly detect nested situations, we should prefer their use in the circumstances where we think important to put in evidence nestedness. In conclusion, we support the idea of using both types of indices in order to improve the knowledge about the structure of any data set.
Improving service quality, accountability and transparency of local government: The intervening role of information technology governance

Abstract This study aims to examine the perception of government employees about the association of the culture of compliance in information technology (IT) on the service quality, accountability, and transparency through effective IT governance (ITG) as an intervening variable. This study was carried out in the local government (city) of Surabaya, Indonesia. The population of this study is all Local Government Organizations (LGOs) in the Surabaya, while the samples are LGOs for public services and administration. Data was gathered through the questionnaires distributed directly to the respondents. The respondents are LGOs employees who are involved with e-government implementation. The number of distributed questionnaires was 200, but there were only 141 returned and analyzed. The partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized to analize the data. The results of this study demonstrate that the culture of compliance in IT associates with service quality, accountability, and transparency indirectly through effective ITG. The result implies that effective ITG is a crucial aspect that must be considered for achieving successful e-government development in Indonesian local governments.
Stability Analysis of Delayed Age-structured Resource-Consumer Model of Population Dynamics with Saturated Intake Rate

The nonlinear n-resource-consumer autonomous system with age-structured consumer population is studied. While the model of consumer population dynamics is described by a delayed transport equation, the dynamics of resource patches are described by ordinary differential equations with saturated intake rate. The delay models the digestion period of generalist consumer and is included in the calorie intake rate which impacts on consumer’s fertility and mortality. Saturated intake rate models the inhibition effect from the behavioural change of the resource patches when they react on the consumer population growing or from the crowding effect of the consumer. The model is studied both analytically and numerically. Conditions for existence of trivial, semi-trivial and non-trivial equilibria and their local asymptotic stability are obtained. Numerical experiments confirm and illustrate these theoretical results.
The relationship between social capital and quality of life with job satisfaction of teachers

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social capital and quality of life with job satisfaction of teachers.MethodologyThe present study was a descriptive correlational one in terms of purpose and method of data collection. The target population of this study was the teachers of Tehran city in 1998-99. 180 individuals were selected through multistage cluster random sampling. Data were collected using the Gannon Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (1981), Nachapithe and Guchal Social Capital Questionnaire (1998), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (1996). FindingsThe results showed that social capital and quality of life had a significant positive relationship with teachers' job satisfaction. Also, structural capital, communication capital and cognitive capital and quality of life significantly predicted 48% of teachers' job satisfaction (P <0.05). ConclusionThe results of the study showed that social validity and validity, which are the major components of teachers 'social capital, determine the quality of life and will lead to teachers' job motivation and job satisfaction.
The interaction of tectonics, climate and eustasy in controlling dolomitization: A case study of Cenomanian–Turonian, shallow marine carbonates of the Iberian Basin

During the Cretaceous, high global sea‐level and low latitudinal temperature variations led to the growth of epeiric carbonate platforms. Platform‐scale dolomitization of these platforms is not common, reflecting the low Mg/Ca ratio of seawater and a humid climate. This study describes the processes governing pervasive dolomitization of a land‐attached carbonate platform within the Iberian Basin. Dolomite is planar to sub‐planar with a geochemical signature consistent with dolomitization from penesaline seawater. Dolomitization was most pervasive during a 1 Myr period in the middle Cenomanian, by repeated reflux of seawater from brine pools formed on the top of a southward‐prograding carbonate platform. Tilting and structural reorganization in the Upper Cenomanian led to a reversal in polarity of the platform, and dolomitization was restarted by the northward reflux of seawater. Rising relative sea‐level and oceanic acidification led to back‐stepping of the platform such that the supply of dolomitizing fluids was cut off. In the Lower Turonian, pervasively dolomitized rudist rudstone facies in the south of the study area indicate that dolomitization restarted, either penecontemporaneously or later, from highly evaporated Campanian–Maastrichtian seawater. A systematic increase in dolomite crystal size up‐section ties broadly, but not entirely, to stratigraphy. It is possible that these textural differences reflect changes in fluid chemistry, limestone permeability or precursor rock texture. However, the lack of stratigraphic conformance, and the preservation of the earliest‐formed dolomite only in the oldest sediments, could indicate a progressive recrystallization of early‐formed dolomite through repeated reflux of brines. As such, the succession appears to preserve a fossilized record of dolomite recrystallization through time during the Cenomanian–Turonian. The results of this study therefore provide a record of the progressive dolomitization of a carbonate platform and demonstrate the important interplay of climate and basin‐scale tectonics on dolomite distribution and crystallinity.
Parametrization of the model DNDC for evaluating components of carbon biogeochemical cycle in the European part of Russia

Parametrization of the simulation model DNDC (DeNitrification-DeComposition) to estimate components of carbon biogeochemical cycle in arable soils of the European part of Russia was the aim of the research. Methodological recommendations for DNDC using were developed on the base of official statistical data, literature sources, as well as our results obtained earlier during initial approbation of the model. Principles of preparing the input information such as natural (climatic and soil conditions) and anthropogenic (tillage, fertilization, crops yield) factors had been established. Internal parameters of the model including soil characteristics (depth of top soil, C:N ratio, and soil organic carbon fractions) and crops biology (heat and water demand, C:N ratio, and biomass fractions) had been corrected; also standardized description of the main cultivation technologies were developed in the model’s format. The method for evaluation of modelling efficiency had been offered; it is the complex consisting of five criteria: Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient, Theil coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA, and F-test of equality of variance. For verification of the adapted model DNDC to Russian conditions, data of two field experiments aimed at measuring СО2 emissions in Kursk and Moscow regions had been used as well as published information about СО2 emission and carbon balance in arable soils in Kursk, Moscow, Orel, Samara, and Vladimir regions. At the step of verification accuracy of obtained results had been acknowledged by set of relevant statistical criteria: there was medium correlation between experiment values of CO2 emission and modelled ones; as results of ANOVA showed, the average measured value of emission and calculated one are similar; Theil coefficients less than 0,3 and positive Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients confirmed correctness of changes inputted in the model. It had been proved that the developed parametrization method is effective for estimating components of carbon biogeochemical cycle in the European part of Russia.
Transcytosis via the late endocytic pathway as a cell morphogenetic mechanism

Plasma membranes fulfil many physiological functions. In polarized cells, different membrane compartments take on specialized roles, each being allocated correct amounts of membrane. The Drosophila tracheal system, an established tubulogenesis model, contains branched terminal cells with subcellular tubes formed by apical plasma membrane invagination. We show that apical endocytosis and late endosome-mediated trafficking determine the membrane allocation to the apical and basal membrane domains. Basal plasma membrane growth stops if endocytosis is blocked, whereas the apical membrane grows excessively. Plasma membrane is initially delivered apically, and then continuously endocytosed, together with apical and basal cargo. We describe an organelle carrying markers of late endosomes and multivesicular bodies (MVBs) that is abolished by inhibiting endocytosis, and which we suggest acts as transit station for membrane destined to be redistributed both apically and basally. This is based on the observation that disrupting MVB formation prevents growth of both compartments.