Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EasyChair Preprint No 414 Fine-Grained Test Minimization

As a software system evolves, its test suite can accumulate redundancies over time. Test minimization aims at removing redundant test cases. However, current techniques remove whole test cases from the test suite using test adequacy criteria, such as code coverage. This has two limitations, namely (1) by removing a whole test case the corresponding test assertions are also lost, which can inhibit test suite effectiveness, (2) the issue of partly redundant test cases, i.e., tests with redundant test statements, is ignored. We propose a novel approach for fine-grained test case minimization. Our analysis is based on the inference of a test suite model that enables automated test reorganization within test cases. It enables removing redundancies at the test statement level, while preserving the coverage and test assertions of the test suite. We evaluated our approach, implemented in a tool called Testler, on the test suites of 15 open source projects. Our analysis shows that over 4,639 (24%) of the tests in these test suites are partly redundant, with over 11,819 redundant test statements in total. Our results show that Testler removes 43% of the redundant test statements, reducing the number of partly redundant tests by 52%. As a result, test suite execution time is reduced by up to 37% (20% on average), while maintaining the original statement coverage, branch coverage, test assertions, and fault detection capability.
DETERMINING RAIL TRACK MOVEMENT TRAJECTORIES AND ALIGNMENT USING HADGPS

High Accuracy Differential Global Positioning System (HADGPS) was employed to conduct repeated track position surveys, at different speeds, over a 1,400 ft section of track. A parametric curve fitting best-fit Splines (B-Splines) algorithm was used to smooth the realtime kinematic (RTK) GPS data and optimize track position accuracy. The data generated from surveys employing HADGPS positioned atop a hy-rail vehicle yielded a baseline average horizontal and vertical accuracies of 1.2 cm (0.47 ins) and 2.2 cm (0.87 ins) respectively. Accurate position data is provided for track alignment and track displacement trajectory determination. The coordinates also provide location data for track superstructure and substructure anomalies identified during track monitoring.
Modeled variations of the reconnection electric field at the dayside magnetopause during continued flux transfer event activity

[1] Three periods of repeated flux transfer event (FTE) observations made by the Cluster satellites are investigated by a novel method for extracting from the observations the reconnection electric field Erec. On 21 January 2001, a series of FTEs is observed at the poleward edge of the cusp around 15 magnetic local time (MLT). Another series of FTEs is observed on 14 February 2001, at somewhat earlier MLTs at the high-latitude magnetopause at the equatorward edge of the cusp. In both cases, ground-based radar observations confirm that Cluster observations refer to transient reconnection. Additionally, we consider an event of several magnetosheath FTEs on 26 January 2001, during very steady interplanetary conditions. Here we apply a model based on time-dependent Petschek-type magnetic reconnection to the in situ magnetic field data to obtain the temporal variations of the reconnection electric field responsible for each FTE of the three series. On 14 February 2001 we find peak average values of Erec = 2.1 ± 0.4 mV/m for the magnetospheric FTEs and peak average values Erec = 0.9 ± 0.5 mV/m for the magnetosheath FTEs. The corresponding result for the four FTEs on 21 January 2001 is 3.7 ± 0.8 mV/m. Finally, the four FTEs observed on 26 January 2001 give a reconnection rate of 2.85 ± 1.68 mV/m. These results are discussed in the context of estimates of the reconnection electric field at the magnetopause obtained from diverse techniques.
Medical Image Enhancement Using GMM : A Histogram approach Ms .

In todays world visual information is becoming more important aspect.Human also relies very much on visual information.The visual information is represented by using digital images or videos.Digitalis images mostly suffer from poor image quality, particularly lack of contrast and presence of shading and artifacts due to the deficiencies in focusing lighting, specimen staining and other factors also.Because some features of images are hardly detected by eye in an image,images can be transformed before display.Image enhancement is a digital process-ing method which does its best to improve image vision and make the image adaptable to be processed by computer. Contrast enhancement is also necessary because current softcopy display devices are inca-pable of displaying as many different discernible levels of luminance as can be recorded in a digital image. Medical imaging is a leading role in modern diagnosis and contrast enhancement of medical image is useful in helping radiologist or surgeons to detect pathologic or abnormal regions. Enhanced medical images are desired by a surgeon to assist diagnosis and interpretation because medical image qualities are often deteriorated by noise and other data acquisition devices, illumination condition etc . Also targets of medical image enhancement are mainly to solve the problems of low contrast and high level noise of medical image. General TermsGaussian Mixture Modeling algorithm, Histogram Generation.
Reliability Analysis of Earth Dam : Case of Kalan Earth Dam Malayer , Iran

Slope stability assessment is a geotechnical problem characterized by many sources of uncertainty. Beginning from a correct geotechnical characterization of the examined site, only a complete approach to uncertainty matter can lead to a significant result. Factors of safety (FS) provide a quantitative indication of slope stability which should be determined by experience and the degree of uncertainty that we think is involved in calculating FS. The reliability index of an earth dam in commonly taken as the value corresponding to the failure surface associated with minimum reliability index. However, embankment dams are considered as systems composed of several infinite number of possible failure surfaces associated with different reliability indices. In this paper, the reliability analysis has been performed on Kalan embankment dam of Malayer, Iran by a numerical procedure for locating the surface of minimum reliability index for the earth slope. Here, basic assumption, which considers soil properties of the embankment dam are statistically homogeneous, has been followed.
Design Study for the Generation of Few-Cycle FEL Pulses Using Mode-Locked Afterburner Scheme at Clara

Ultrashort pulse operation in FELs is a highly desirable capability for imaging matter on ultrafast timescales. This paper presents a design study for a proof-of-principle demonstration of the mode-locked afterburner (ML-AB) scheme on the FEL test facility CLARA. A start-to-end simulation has been constructed using the time-dependent three-dimensional FEL code GENESIS 1.3 to evaluate the performance of the scheme. The ability to produce pulses of several femtoseconds in duration with peak powers of the order of 100 MW at 100 nm wavelength is predicted. Such pulses have duration of 2 fs (6 optical cycles), a factor of ~5 shorter than the FEL cooperation length. Potential routes for further optimisation and alternative operating modes are explored. CLARA AND ML-AB OVERVIEW CLARA is a FEL test facility currently under construction at Daresbury laboratory, designed to operate in the UV regime between 100-400nm [1]. It is planned to implement several novel accelerator and FEL schemes on CLARA as part of R&D for a potential upcoming UK XFEL [2]. The mode-locked afterburner (ML-AB) is one such scheme, designed as a potential source of few-cycle photon pulse trains of high power [3]. The scheme has three main sections, as seen in Fig. 1. It operates by inducing an energy modulation in the preliminary “modulator” section, which then creates periodic regions of strong bunching along the main “amplifier” radiator section. These strongly bunched regions are then mapped to a fine short pulse train structure using an additional “afterburner” section consisting of short radiator modules separated by chicanes. Since the requirements of the amplifier section are generic, it is hoped that this afterburner section could be installed on the end of existing FELs to add short-pulse capability to existing facilities. At the current stage of development it is necessary to identify certain key parameters, such as the required seed laser power for the modulator stage, as well as to construct a more robust model to test the feasibility and tolerances of the scheme. SIMULATION AND OPTIMISATION Simulations were performed using the time-dependent 3D FEL code GENESIS 1.3 [4]. The three different sections of the scheme were each modelled separately, and the particle and field distributions then imported into the next section. A short Python script was used to automate the start-to-end process. The parameters used in the simulation are seen in Table 1. These now represent outdated parameters for the CLARA lattice, but since the requirements of the amplifier section are generic the results presented hold as a proof of concept for the scheme. Table 1: Parameters Used for Simulation
Simultaneous Double Rod Rotation vs . Simultaneous Double Rod Translation Techniques for Kyphosis Restoration in Hypo-Kyphotic Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Purpose: Hypo-kyphosis is a natural consequence of the coronal impairment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) and it is one of the most important parameters predicting long term spinal outcome. Despite been considered the better option for AIS surgical correction, Pedicle Screws (PS) have been widely associated with a hypo-kyphotic effect. Aim of this study is to retrospectively compare results of two different surgical techniques using highdensity PS in order to identify the better procedure for kyphosis restoration in hypo-kyphotic patients.
Distributed Sampling, Filtering and Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed sensor nodes which are deployed to monitor some process of interest. Although WSNs are very promising, the distributed nature, attributes of wireless networks, and availability of limited resources in WSNs introduce significant theoretical and practical challenges. First, the cooperative control of sensor nodes requires to consider subsystems instead of a single system. Second, the communication capabilities and connectivity of the sensor nodes are limited. Third, the information exchange in the wireless sensor network may be unreliable and suffer transmission delays. Fourth, the availability of limited resources imposes constraints on the sampling rates and time synchronization of sensor nodes. Motivated by these challenges, this thesis studies the design of distributing filtering and sampling techniques in resource constrained WSNs. For distributed filtering, one of the most promising techniques are the linear consensus protocols. A motivating example for studying the application of consensus protocols is to investigate the distributed time synchronization problem in WSNs. In this thesis, we study and propose distributed time synchronization protocols which consider an asynchronous framework where the sensor nodes can have different time-periods, starting times and input update times. The clocks in a WSN are modeled by a time-varying system with time-delay terms. By employing tools from nonnegative matrix and graph theories, the convergence analysis is presented. Most of the standard control and monitoring techniques rely on uniform and synchronized sampling. A sensor node has limited battery resources and their efficient utilization imposes constraints on the time synchronization of the sensor nodes which introduces sampling jitters. In this thesis, we model WSNs employing distributed sampling using filter banks and present the design of synthesis filters to minimize the effects of sampling jitters. We consider two cases for the design of synthesis filters. In the first case, we consider a hybrid filter bank and assume that the sampling jitter is known for each sensor. We employ tools from sampled-data control theory and present a procedure to design optimal H2 synthesis filter bank to handle sampling jitters and reconstruct uniformly sampled measurements. In the second case, we consider a discrete-time filter bank and allow the sampling jitters to be time-varying. Using polytopic matrices to encompass all possible representations of the system matrices, the problem is reduced to an H∞ optimization problem and the design of pre-processing filters is presented. All the theoretical development and the proposed techniques in this thesis are validated using simulation examples.
Stock Market Efficiency in Nepal: A Variance Ratio Test

The paper examines random-walk behaviour and weak-form market efficiency on daily and weekly market returns of All Share Price Index and nine sectoral indices in the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE) using Lo and MacKinlay (1988) variance-ratio tests and corrected data as suggested by Miller et al. (1994). The study finds that the random-walk hypothesis is strongly rejected for weekly indices of the observed and corrected returns. It shows that market participants have opportunities to predict future price and earn abnormal returns from the Nepalese stock market. Whereas, overall and development banking sectors support the random-walk hypothesis in daily observed and corrected returns. It indicates that technical analysis may not be fruitful to earn excess returns in overall and development banking sectors.
A Novel Design of Reversible Combinational and Sequential Circuits Using Mach Zehnder Interferometer ( MZI ) Switch

Reversible computing offers a possible solution for high performance computing and low power consumption. For hardware implementation of reversible logic, optical computers are emerging as one of the promising alternative. Recently, reversible logic gates and combinational circuits have been proposed in optical domain using Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) based Mach Zehnder interferometer (MZI) switches due to its significant advantages such as high speed, low power, fast switching and ease of fabrication. In this work, an optical reversible MNOT gate and all-optical realization of 4×4 Toffoli Gate have been proposed which is used in all-optical realization of optimized reversible combinational circuits. A general design approach to realize alloptical reversible circuits based on MZI switches has been proposed first time in the literature. Optimized all-optical reversible 2×1 multiplexer and full adder circuits have been designed using these proposed gates and design approach. All-optical reversible designs of 4×1 multiplexer, 1×4 De-multiplexer and 3to8 Decoder circuits have also been presented. We are extending this project for all optical reversible sequential circuits. Our results have shown significant improvements over existing designs in terms of MZI switches and optical delay.
Decentralized Server-Aided Encryption for Secure Deduplication in Cloud Storage

Cloud storage provides scalable and low cost resources featuring economies of scale based on multi-tenant architecture. As the amount of data outsourced grows explosively, data deduplication, a technique that eliminates data redundancy, becomes essential. However, deduplication leads to problems with data confidentiality, thereby necessitating secure deduplication solutions. Server-aided encryption schemes have been proposed to achieve the strongest confidentiality but with the cost of managing a key server (KS). Previous schemes, however, are based on a centralized KS that uses only a single secret key assuming a single KS in the system. In cloud storage where multi-tenancy and scalability are crucial, such schemes degrade not only the effectiveness of deduplication but also the scalability with increasing users. In this paper, we extend server-aided encryption to a decentralized setting that consists of multiple KSs. The key idea of our proposed scheme is to construct an inter-KS deduplication algorithm, by which a cloud storage service provider can perform deduplication over ciphertexts from different KSs within a tenant or across tenants. This way, our scheme simultaneously offers flexibility of KS management and cross-tenant deduplication over encrypted data. The novelty of the approach is using a decentralized architecture that does not require any centralized entities for the coordination or pre-sharing of secrets among KSs. Therefore, it allows cloud storage services to offer high deduplication efficiency and scalability while preserving strong data confidentiality. We show the result of performance analysis on the proposed scheme by conducting extensive experiments. In addition, our security analysis demonstrate that the proposed scheme satisfies all desired security properties.
The effect of storage under climate change in Southern European basins

The dominant strategy to address water resources variability and uncertainty in water-scarce regions is the development of reservoir storage. This paper presents an analysis of the role of storage in water availability in Southern Europe as a strategy for climate change adaptation. Water availability is computed for 16 basins under current and future climate scenarios. Climate scenarios cover the full array of projections made under the SRES and RCP emission scenarios with a variety of regional climate and hydrologic models. Water availability is analysed as a function of emission scenario, changes in mean annual flow, changes in variability and reservoir storage. A total of 16 model runs were computed for the reference scenarios and 35 model runs for the climate change scenarios. Results were analysed under the hypothesis of equiprobability of all scenarios, comparing the probability distribution of water availability under reference conditions to that under climate change. The results show significantly different behaviours in the group of basins analysed. For basins with large storage values the reductions of water availability were similar to the reductions of mean annual flow. For basins with less storage, the probability distributions of reductions tend to differ, with increased uncertainty for availability. The role of storage was further analysed through a sensitivity analysis performed obtaining water availability under current and future conditions with variable values of reservoir storage, ranging from 25% to 175% of current values. The results show that uncertainty under climate change is reduced for basins with large storage values.
Effect of Aqueous Whole Plant Extract of Selaginella myosurus on Lipid Profile of Wistar Rats

Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of death across the globe today. Treatment with synthetic drugs is associated with several adverse effects. This study was designed to investigate the effect of aqueous whole plant extract of selaginella myosurus on lipid profile of wistar rats. A total of thirty six (36) wistar rats of both sexes weighing between 100.5g-149.5g were divided into nine groups of four rats each. Group 1 received distilled water, while groups 2-5 and 6-9 received 400, 600, 800, and 1000mg/kg BW of extract for 7 and 14 days respectively. Rats were sacrificed 24hours after the last treatment and blood samples collected for determination of total cholesterol(T-CHOL), triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDLCHOL) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-CHOL), histological investigation on the heart tissue and phytochemical screening of the plant. Significant reductions (p<0.05) were observed in T-CHOL and TG in all the extract-treated groups when compared to control value and non significant reduction (p>0.05) HDL-CHOL and LDLCHOL in all the groups except in groups 3 and 5 respectively. Phytochemical screening of plant revealed the presence of flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins, tannin, steroid, cardiac glycoside and phenol in decreasing order (32.19±0.23, 26.24±0.12, 23.74±0.20, 18.74±0.17, 16.53±0.12, 15.28±0.23 and 13.10±0.11 mg/100g respectively). Histological result revealed that all heart muscles were in good histological conditions in control and all extract treated groups. Hence, aqueous whole plant extract of selaginella myosurus has hypolipidemic effect, could protect the heart against cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hence a promising potential herbal pharmaceutical agent.
Influence of Corner Cutoffs on Flow Past Square Cylinder

ISBN 978-93-82338-04-8 | © 2012 Bonfring Abstract--Flow past square body with and without corner modification for Reynolds number 100 and 200 is carried out numerically by using commercial CFD code fluent. The results are presented in the form of streamlines, pressure distribution, monitored velocity, Lift coefficient and Strouhal number. Results indicate that the tangential velocity of the Square cylinder is large when compared with corner Rounded and chamfered, and enlarges the separation area of square cylinder side face. Therefore, the width of the wake behind the Square cylinder with corner modification becomes small, and thereby the lift coefficient decreases. The velocity behind the cylinder with corner modification becomes large. The large velocity behind the cylinder decreases the lift coefficient. The lift coefficients of Square cylinder with corner modification decreases but strouhal number increases when compared with a square cylinder without corner modification. The decrease in the vortex wavelength is due to increase in strouhal number. Strouhal number remains same even if magnitude of oscillations is increased while monitoring the velocity behind the cylinder.
A virtual reality experiment for improving the navigational recall: What can we learn from eye movements of high- and low-performing individuals?

: In its broader scope, this paper is concerned about understanding how (visualization) designs of virtual environments (VE) interact with navigational memory. We optimized the design of a VE for route learning following specific visualization guidelines that we derived from previous literature, and tested it with a typical navigational recall task with 42 participants. Recall accuracies of our participants widely vary. We hypothesize that by analyzing the eye movements of high- and low-performing participants in a comparative manner, we can better understand this variability, and identify if these two groups rely on different visual strategies. Such efforts inform the visualization designs, and in turn, these designs can better assist people. Those who perform poorly in navigational tasks for reasons such as lack of training or differences in visuospatial abilities might especially benefit from such assistance. In this paper, we present our concept for a work-in-progress study and provide the relevant background. Abstract. In its broader scope, this paper is concerned about understanding how (visualization) designs of virtual environments (VE) interact with navigational memory. We optimized the design of a VE for route learning following specific visualization guidelines that we derived from previous literature, and tested it with a typical navigational recall task with 42 participants. Recall accuracies of our participants widely vary. We hypothesize that by analyzing the eye movements of high- and low-performing participants in a comparative manner, we can better understand this variability, and identify if these two groups rely on different visual strategies. Such efforts inform the visualization designs, and in turn, these designs can better assist people. Those who perform poorly in navigational tasks for reasons such as lack of training or differences in visuospatial abilities might especially benefit from such assistance. In this paper, we present our concept for a work-in-progress study and provide the relevant background.