Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consumption of dairy products in youth, does it protect from cardio-metabolic risk?

Introduction: The high prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents is considered as a major global health concern and involves the onset of other comorbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic infl ammation and hyperinsulinemia, which are also considered as cardiovascular diseases risk factors. Several studies have observed that consumption of dairy products has a protective role on the development of cardiovascular diseases; however, the scientific evidence on this topic is very limited among children and adolescents. Objectives: To investigate the association between dairy products consumption and cardiovascular risk factors in young populations. Material and methods: The most up-to-date literature was reviewed, including some data from the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study. A sample of adolescents (12.5-17.5 years) from 8 European cities was considered for the analysis. Results: US data showed a decrease in both number of servings and portion sizes of milk consumption. Within the HELENA study, dairy products emerged as the food group that better distinguished those adolescents at lower cardiovascular diseases risk. Among the HELENA adolescents, higher consumption of milk, yogurt and milk- and yogurt-based beverages was associated with lower body fat, lower risk for cardiovascular diseases, and higher cardiorespiratory fitness. Conclusions: More studies are needed to provide more evidence and to better understand the intrinsic mechanisms of the association between dairy products consumption, especially yogurt consumption, and obesity, diabetes, and other cardiovascular diseases risk factors.
Diagnosis and management of von Willebrand disease in Australia

Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is reportedly the most common inherited bleeding disorder, and can also arise as an acquired event where it is termed von Willebrand syndrome. Both arise from deficiency and/or defect of von Willebrand factor (VWF), an adhesive plasma protein that acts primarily to prevent bleeding by anchoring platelets to sites of vascular injury. Factor VIII is also proportionally reduced, due to loss of stabilizing and anti-proteolytic effect normally exerted by VWF on FVIII. Primary VWD management aims to protect against bleeding by replacement of VWF, and sometimes FVIII, using VWF/FVIII concentrates, and/or in some patients, administration of desmopressin (DDAVP) to permit release of endogenous VWF. Adjunct therapies such as anti-fibrinolytics and hormonal therapies in women may also be used, depending on the type and severity of VWD, the type and severity of the bleeding event, and whether therapy is for prophylaxis or treatment. Diagnosis and treatment of VWD involves comprehensive laboratory testing. This review outlines current diagnosis and treatment of VWD in Australia, and is part of an issue of this journal dedicated to diagnosis and treatment of VWD in different geographical localities.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF OBJECTIVE QUALITY METRICS ON HLG-BASED HDR IMAGE CODING

We evaluate the performance of objective quality metrics for high dynamic range (HDR) image coding that uses the transfer function (TF) of the Hybrid Log-Gamma (HLG) method. Previous evaluations of objective metrics for HDR image coding have studied which of them are reliable predictors of perceived quality; however, in those tests, all the non-linear transforms used both for encoding and by the best-performing metrics are essentially very similar and based on visual perception data of detection thresholds for lightness variations. The HLG non-linearity on the other hand is very different, as it is designed for backward compatibility with standard dynamic range (SDR) displays. We test a variety of options for objective metrics, including HLG-based. Our results show that the ranking of metrics for HDR coding changes drastically depending on the TF used for compression.
Administration of the Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale (BPFAS) to Parents of High-Risk Infants: How to Best Identify Those at Risk for Feeding Difficulties

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of the Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale (BPFAS) in identifying children at risk for feeding difficulties when given to parents by interview versus without assistance. Thirty subjects from Emory Developmental Progress Clinic (Emory DPC) participated in the study and were randomized to receive the BPFAS either by interview or without assistance. Mean BPFAS scores were compared by survey administration method and nutrition referral status for the total cohort as well as by age (1.5 year) and weight status ( 75th percentile) using the t-test. The association between survey administration method as well as nutrition referral status and referral score category (84) was determined using the Chi-square test, as was the relationship between nutrition referral status and the response to each BPFAS question. No difference in mean BPFAS score or referral score category by survey administration method was found in the total cohort. However, a higher BPFAS score was observed for children >1.5 years of age who were referred for nutrition intervention vs. not referred (95.33 vs. 62.5, respectively; p=0.004). There was also a significant association between the number of patients referred for nutrition intervention vs. not referred and referral score (11 vs. 19, respectively; p=0.041). There was no association between responses to individual BPFAS questions and nutrition referral status. In conclusion, evaluation of other feeding assessment surveys or the in-house development of a screening tool may be better alternatives for the Emory DPC.
Contradictory agendas in health visitor needs assessment. A discussion paper of its use for prioritizing, targeting and promoting health

This paper was motivated by the adverse results of a study that evaluated implementation of a structured health needs assessment tool in health visiting. It examines the conceptual basis of three approaches to needs assessment, exploring their relevance to the purpose of health visiting and their links with prioritizing, targeting and promoting health in practice. It is intended to help health visitors, their managers and service commissioners to explain and understand the different requirements and expectations in each approach. British Government policy emphasizes that targeting and prioritizing are the means by which inequalities can be redressed and resources directed towards those in greatest need. Needs assessment processes are increasingly invoked as the mechanism through which health visiting services can best be deployed. Health visitors are expected to help identify service priorities and to target their efforts effectively and efficiently. Access to services and user empowerment are also important aspects of the NHS modernization agenda. These concepts are fundamental to health promotion, which has been the consistent underlying purpose of the health visiting service since its inception. In this discussion paper, three approaches to needs assessment are unravelled, which focus on prioritizing, targeting and health promotion. It is suggested that these different purposes relate, in turn, to the expectations and requirements of public health, organizational efficiency and user empowerment. There are important benefits associated with each of the three approaches, but their underlying principles, purposes and requirements differ. Failure to appreciate such differences can lead to misunderstandings, confusion and even offence. A single instrument cannot successfully meet the expectations of all three approaches to needs assessment. Instead, a needs assessment system is necessary, to meet the contradictory requirements of public health, organizational efficiency and user empowerment.
Maternal nonstandard work schedules and adolescent overweight.

OBJECTIVES We investigated whether nonstandard work schedules by mothers were associated with adolescent overweight. METHODS We conducted multiple regression analyses using a sample of mother-child pairs (n=2353) from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine the association between the number of years mothers worked at nonstandard schedules and adolescent overweight at age 13 or 14 years. Separate analyses were also conducted by family income and family type. RESULTS Child's body mass index increased significantly if mothers worked either a few years or many years at nonstandard schedules. Risk of overweight was also significantly associated with 1 to 4 and 10 or more years of maternal nonstandard work schedules. In both cases, results were driven by those families with predicted incomes in the 2nd quartile ("near-poor"), with a few or many years of nonstandard work schedules also associated with increased risk of adolescent overweight in 2-parent families. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate the importance of the overlooked association between maternal nonstandard work schedules and adolescent overweight at age 13 or 14 years. Nonstandard work schedules among near-poor families and in 2-parent families may disrupt the work-family balance, affecting adolescent overweight.
Sexually transmitted diseases among adults who had been abused and neglected as children: a 30-year prospective study.

OBJECTIVES We examined associations between childhood abuse and neglect and the risk in adulthood for sexually transmitted diseases. METHODS In a prospective cohort design, we matched children aged 0 to 11 years with documented cases of abuse or neglect during 1967 to 1971 with a control group of children who had not been maltreated (754 participants in all) and followed them into adulthood. Information about lifetime history of sexually transmitted diseases was collected as part of a medical status examination when participants were approximately 41 years old. RESULTS Childhood sexual abuse increased risk for any sexually transmitted disease (odds ratio [OR] = 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00, 3.77; P = .05) and more than 1 type of sexually transmitted disease (OR = 3.33; 95% CI = 1.33, 8.22; P = .01). Physical abuse increased risk for more than 1 type of sexually transmitted disease (OR = 3.61; 95% CI = 1.39, 9.38; P = .009). CONCLUSIONS Our results provided the first prospective evidence that child physical and sexual abuse increases risk for sexually transmitted diseases. Early screening and interventions are needed to identify and prevent sexually transmitted diseases among child abuse victims.
PRS: A payload inspection mechanism for Software Defined Network

This paper proposes a mechanism that enables to the inspection of payloads in a packet inside software defined network switch called PRS, and presents a prototype implementation that combines a sequence of payloads decomposed by TCP segmentation and also IP fragmentation. Introducing Software Defined Network (SDN) facilitates network management in which network topologies will be free from physical connections among network switches. Since switches in SDN can only refer to fields of layer 2-4 in TCP/IP network, a controller that controls switches cannot use the payload, which is higher-layer information over layer 5 in TCP/IP network, for routing, preventing developing applications such as layer 7 switch and/or load balancers.In this paper, we will overcome this limitation, then make it possible to control networks using payloads. To address this issue, we propose the entire architecture of PRS, then show the performance of the essential prototype implementation that combines a sequence of payloads by conducting experiments.
Improving patrons' meal selections through the use of point-of-selection nutrition labels.

OBJECTIVES We examined changes in meal selection by patrons of university food-service operations when nutrition labels were provided at the point of selection. METHODS We used a quasi-experimental, single-group, interrupted time-series design to examine daily sales before, during, and after provision of point-of-selection nutrition labels. Piecewise linear regression was employed to examine changes in the average energy content of entrées and a paired t test was used to detect differences in sales across the periods. RESULTS The average energy content of entrées purchased by patrons dropped immediately when nutrition labels were made available at point of selection and increased gradually when nutrition information was removed. There was no significant change in number of entrées sold or in revenues between the 2 periods. CONCLUSIONS Use of nutrition labels reduced the average energy content of entrées purchased without reducing overall sales. These results provide support for strengthening the nutrition labeling policy in food-service operations.
Parenting and violence toward self, partners, and others among inner-city young adults.

OBJECTIVES We examined relationships between parenting status and multiple forms of violence perpetration among young adults in high-poverty environments. METHODS We analyzed data obtained from a survey of 990 young adults in New York City. Respondents reported on violence they had perpetrated toward themselves, intimate partners, and others. Associations between parenting and violence were examined in logistic regressions, controlling for sociodemographics. RESULTS Fewer young men (33.0%) than young women (48.6%) reported that they were raising children. Among young men, parenting was associated with violence toward themselves (odds ratio [OR]=1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.03, 3.16) but not with violence toward partners or others. Among young women, violence perpetration did not differ by parenting status. Correlations among forms of violence were higher among young women than among young men, especially among mothers. Community violence was associated with violence toward others for both genders. For young men, community violence was associated with violence toward partners. CONCLUSIONS Parenting did not reduce inner-city young adults' perpetration of violence. Among fathers, parenting may be, along with unemployment, a risk for violence toward self. Understanding patterns of violence can inform interventions that support young adults, including those who are parenting, in creating nonviolent homes and communities.
Correlates and consequences of venous thromboembolism: The Iowa Women's Health Study.

OBJECTIVES We sought to document incidence, case-fatality, and recurrence rates of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in women and to explore the relationship of demographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric factors to VTE incidence. METHODS Data from participants aged 55 to 69 years in the Iowa Women's Health Study were linked to Medicare data for 1986 through 2004 (n = 40 377) to identify hospitalized VTE patients. RESULTS A total of 2137 women developed VTE, yielding an incidence rate of 4.04 per 1000 person-years. The 28-day case-fatality rate was 7.7%, and the 1-year recurrence rate was 3.4%. Educational attainment, physical activity, and age at menopause were inversely associated with VTE. Risk of secondary (particularly cancer-related) VTE was higher among smokers than among those who had never smoked. Body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, height, and diabetes were positively associated with VTE risk. Hormone replacement therapy use was associated with increased risk of idiopathic VTE. CONCLUSIONS VTE is a significant source of morbidity and mortality in older women. Risk was elevated among women who were smokers, physically inactive, overweight, and diabetic, indicating that lifestyle contributes to VTE risk.
Mastitis in camels (Camelus dromedarius): Past and recent research in pastoral production system of both East Africa and Middle East

Udder infection was considered as one of the main constraints for camel rearing. During the last decades the disease has been reported from a number of camels-rearing countries in Africa and Asia such as Egypt, Somalia, Sudan, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and United Arab Emirate. An attempt was made in this paper in order to review the status of camel mastitis (Camelus dromedarius) research in pastoral production system of both East Africa and Middle East. This paper reviews the forms of mastitis in camel which can be a clinical mastitis (including, acute and chronic mastitis) or sub-clinical mastitis. Clinical mastitis is characterized by hardening and swelling of the udder, pain on palpation and visible alteration of the colour and consistency of milk. Thus, clinical mastitis can be detected by examination of the udder and/or of the milk. While the term sub-clinical mastitis refers to the existence of inflammation in the absence of gross signs and can be detected by indirect tests such as california mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC) as well as microbiological examinations. Furthermore, the major pathogens of camel mastitis are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Bacillus cereus, Actinomyces pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus spp. , and Corynebacterium bovis. Regarding the risk factors of camel mastitis, the paper reviews the most important risk factors such as the heavy tick infestation, use of anti-suckling devices, the lesions on udder or teat, and the treatment of infected quarters by cauterization. Moreover, the use of CMT, SCC and bacteriological examinations as diagnostic tools and their values for detection of camel mastitis are also reviewed. Based on the aforementioned, more epidemiological studies on camel mastitis are required in order to have a strong scientific data on the transmission of the disease, characterization of the pathogens causing the disease, other possible risk factors or diagnostic procedures, and the impact of the disease on the public health. Thus, the control strategies can be applied. Key words: Camel mastitis, pathogens, forms, risk factors, diagnosis.
Neighborhood predictors of dating violence victimization and perpetration in young adulthood: a multilevel study.

OBJECTIVES We examined whether social processes of neighborhoods, such as collective efficacy, during individual's adolescent years affect the likelihood of being involved in physical dating violence during young adulthood. METHODS Using longitudinal data on 633 urban youths aged 13 to 19 years at baseline and data from their neighborhoods (collected by the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods), we ran multilevel linear regression models separately by gender to assess the association between collective efficacy and physical dating violence victimization and perpetration, controlling for individual covariates, neighborhood poverty, and perceived neighborhood violence. RESULTS Females were significantly more likely than were males to be perpetrators of dating violence during young adulthood (38% vs 19%). Multilevel analyses revealed some variation in dating violence at the neighborhood level, partly accounted for by collective efficacy. Collective efficacy was predictive of victimization for males but not females after control for confounders; it was marginally associated with perpetration (P=.07). The effects of collective efficacy varied by neighborhood poverty. Finally, a significant proportion (intraclass correlation=14%-21%) of the neighborhood-level variation in male perpetration remained unexplained after modeling. CONCLUSIONS Community-level strategies may be useful in preventing dating violence.
Treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background. Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) are aetiological triggers of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Aim: To study the efficacy and safety of complex medicine with antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity containing ultralow doses of antibodies (ULD AB) against interferon-γ (IFN-γ), CD-4 and histamine molecules (ergoferon) in treatment and prevention of ARVI in COPD patients. Patients and methods: The open comparative prospective clinical trial in parallel groups involving 48 adult patients was performed. The 1st group (25 patients) received the investigated medicine (ergoferon) in preventive regimen (1 pill 1 time in a day for 1 month), and with the appearance of ARVI - in treatment regimen (1pill 3 times in a day for 5 days, in 1st day additionally 5 pills). The 2nd group (23 patients) didn’t receive antiviral prevention/treatment. All patients obtained also treatment of COPD. The number and duration of the ARVI, and number of COPD exacerbations during 4 month follow-up period in groups were estimated. Results: The mean number and duration of ARVI episodes in the 1st group (0,6±0,3; 8,9±1,2 days) was less than in control group (1,1±0,4; 12,5±2,1 days). The number of moderate and severe COPD exacerbations during the follow-up period was decreased in the 1st group compared with the 2nd group. There were not registered any adverse effects in a patients taking investigated medicine. Conclusion: The administration of medicine containing ULD AB to IFN-γ, CD4 and histamine (ergoferon) in COPD patients leads to reduction in the frequency of COPD exacerbations caused by ARVI.
The impact of drug-related death on staff who have experienced it as part of their caseload: An exploratory study

Background: Previous research into drug-related death (DRD) has targeted specific groups such as the deceased themselves, witnesses, or families of victims. There has been no research on staff working in the substance misuse field and the impact that DRD has had on them. Method: A postal questionnaire survey was conducted across a Scottish health authority area and quantitatively measured the impact that this event had on the work, health, and social life. Results: Sixty-five staff persons were identified as having experiencing at least one DRD on their caseload. These 65 reported a range of grief-related reactions, with the majority (88%) identifying at least one reaction. The most common feelings identified were sadness (83%), guilt (40%), and anger (37%) about the death of their client. Female staff, those with access to more sources of support, those who had a larger caseload, those with greater career experience of DRD on their caseload, and those who felt close to their client all reported significantly greater prevalence of grief-related reactions. The length of time since the DRD had occurred was also associated. Conclusions: When a DRD occurs, staff involved in the care and treatment of the deceased need to be considered in the aftermath.