Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Zero Dimensional Organic‐Inorganic Metal Halide Hybrids

Mechanochemical synthesis has emerged as a facile method for the preparation of a wide range of organic, inorganic, and polymeric materials. Here, we report the use of mechanochemical synthesis for the preparation of ionically bonded organic metal halide hybrids with a zero-dimensional (0D) structure at the molecular level. (Ph4P)2SbCl5 and (Ph4P)2MnCl4 were synthesized by grinding appropriate ratios of organic halide salt Ph4PCl with inorganic halide salts SbCl3 and MnCl2, respectively. The structural and photophysical properties of mechanochemically synthesized (Ph4P)2SbCl5 and (Ph4P)2MnCl4 were characterized, which are almost identical to those of single crystals prepared by slow solution growth. By reacting Ph4PCl with both SbCl3 and MnCl2, we have been able to produce a mixture of two 0D organic metal halide hybrids that exhibit a dual emission covering a wide range of spectrum with CIE coordinates of (0.4898, 0.4800). Our work has clearly established mechanochemical synthesis as an effective way to preparing ionically bonded organic-
A Thought on Applicability of Sun Tzu’s Strategy on Marketing Strategy

Sun Tzu’s strategy is actually an art of war used by Chinese military under Sun Tzu to win the war. Its application has been widespread beyond the military strategy. It has also been adopted for business strategy. This manuscript is to examine applicability of Sun Tzu’s strategy on marketing. In particularly it examines if Sun Tzu’s strategy can be applied as marketing strategy. Review manuscripts in related topics and a case study on a company are the method for the examination. The result indicates that Sun Tzu’s strategy is applicable in marketing and can be related with specific marketing terms.
Voigt Transform and Umbral Image

In this paper, we show that the use of methods of an operational nature, such as umbral calculus, allows achieving a double target: on one side, the study of the Voigt function, which plays a pivotal role in spectroscopic studies and in other applications, according to a new point of view, and on the other, the introduction of a Voigt transform and its possible use. Furthermore, by the same method, we point out that the Hermite and Laguerre functions, extension of the corresponding polynomials to negative and/or real indices, can be expressed through a definition in a straightforward and unified fashion. It is illustrated how the techniques that we are going to suggest provide an easy derivation of the relevant properties along with generalizations to higher order functions.
Molecular identification of Bactrocera passiflorae (Diptera: Tephritidae): Challenge and solution for DNA barcoding

Fruit flies cause significant damage to crop and fruit production worldwide. Therefore, it is essential to identify these organisms to species level; however, immature stages are often impossible to be identified morphologically; thus, the application of DNA barcoding has greatly assisted in species identification. Nuclear, mitochondrial pseudo‐COI (NUMT) can be co‐amplified with mitochondrial DNA when using generic primers and therefore impair the efficacy of DNA barcoding. This study detected two types of NUMTs from Bactrocera passiflorae, one of them is novel. Therefore, the new finding will assist future species identification by avoiding misidentification using ambiguous NUMT sequences. In addition, this study has developed primers to target the COI gene of B. passiflorae, not the NUMT copies. The newly designed primers have demonstrated its efficiency in amplifying the Mt‐COI of B. passiflorae and can be used in routine diagnostics.
Early detonation by sprouted mossy fibers enables aberrant dentate network activity

Significance Sprouted mossy fibers are one of the hallmark histopathological findings in experimental and human temporal lobe epilepsy. These fibers form recurrent excitatory synapses onto other dentate granule cells that display profound short-term depression. Here, however, we show that although these sprouted mossy fibers weaken substantially during repetitive activation, their initial high probability of glutamate release can activate reverberant network activity. Furthermore, we find that a lack of tonic adenosine inhibition enables this high probability of release and, consequently, recurrent network activity. In temporal lobe epilepsy, sprouting of hippocampal mossy fiber axons onto dentate granule cell dendrites creates a recurrent excitatory network. However, unlike mossy fibers projecting to CA3, sprouted mossy fiber synapses depress upon repetitive activation. Thus, despite their proximal location, relatively large presynaptic terminals, and ability to excite target neurons, the impact of sprouted mossy fiber synapses on hippocampal hyperexcitability is unclear. We find that despite their short-term depression, single episodes of sprouted mossy fiber activation in hippocampal slices initiated bursts of recurrent polysynaptic excitation. Consistent with a contribution to network hyperexcitability, optogenetic activation of sprouted mossy fibers reliably triggered action potential firing in postsynaptic dentate granule cells after single light pulses. This pattern resulted in a shift in network recruitment dynamics to an “early detonation” mode and an increased probability of release compared with mossy fiber synapses in CA3. A lack of tonic adenosine-mediated inhibition contributed to the higher probability of glutamate release, thus facilitating reverberant circuit activity.
Human attitudes as threats in amphibians: the case of the Ornate Horned Frog (Ceratophrys ornata)

ABSTRACT We analyzed the characteristics of the human-animal conflict coming from the attitudes that local communities have toward Ceratophrys ornata, focusing on two threats: aversion and pet trade. Surveys conducted in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay (n = 194) showed a strong aversion to this species (45% of respondents), causing the death of at least 364 individuals. This aversion was strongly linked to symbolism and folklore beliefs, and also influenced by gender and education level. Pet trade interviews (n = 30) showed that 77% of the specimens kept in captivity were wild-caught (≈178 individuals). The killing of specimens based on aversion might have impacts at local level, especially in populations occurring in recent urbanized areas. Our results also revealed that capture of specimens for pet trade is an ongoing process. Due to the context of illegality in which trade occurs, it is highly challenging to determine/predict the extent of impacts.
Mutational Hotspots and Protein Interactome Analyses of Collagen-Specific Chaperone—HSP47

Heat shock protein 47kDa (HSP47) serves as a client-specific chaperone, essential for collagen biosynthesis and its folding and structural assembly. To date, there is no comprehensive study on mutational hotspots and protein network for human HSP47. Using five different human mutational databases, we deduced a comprehensive list of human HSP47 mutations and we found 24 67, 50, 43 and 2 deleterious mutations from the 1000 genomes data, gnomAD, COSMICv86, cBioPortal, and CanVar. We identified thirteen top-ranked missense mutations of HSP47 with the stringent cut-off of CADD score (>25) and Grantham score (≥151) as Ser76Trp, Arg103Cys, Arg116Cys, Ser159Phe, Arg167Cys, Arg280Cys, Trp293Cys, Gly323Trp, Arg339Cys, Arg373Cys, Arg377Cys, Ser399Phe, and Arg405Cys with the arginine-cysteine change as the predominant mutation. We also found that HSP47 is up-regulated and down-regulated in 11 and 4 of cancers types. Upon constructing protein interactome map of human HSP47, we found that a set of molecular chaperones is interaction partners of HSP47, which included two copies each of CREB binding proteins, HSP27, HSP40, HSP70, HSP90, ubiquitin proteins and one copy each of cartilage associated protein (CRTAP), HSPH1, HSBP1, FK506-binding protein B (FKBP), kruppel-like factor (KLF13), peptidyl-prolyl isomerase PIPB and Prolyl 4-hydroxylase beta subunit (P4HB). This suggested a cocktail of different chaperones interact with HSP47. These findings will assist in the evaluation of roles of HSP47 in human disease including different types of cancers.
“Types of Bile Duct Injury and their Management Outcome- A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study”

Original Research Article Background: Bile duct injury is severe and potentially life threatening complication of cholecystectomy. It ruins the patient physically, mentally, socially and financially. The incidence of bile duct injury is alarming in our country. Management of such patients needs to be explained. Aims: To identify the types of bile duct injury and their subsequent management plan in our perspective. Methods: The study was carried out at Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic surgery, BSMMU, BIRDEM, DMCH & other specialized hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Patient with bile duct injury that occurred in local hospitals following cholecystectomy and subsequent admission in the department of Hepatobilliary and pancreatic surgery; BSMMU, BIRDEM and DMCH, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period January 2014 to July 2018. A total of 70 patients diagnosed as bile duct injury were included in the study. Bile duct injury that occurs during liver or pancreases surgery or accident was excluded. Data were collected using a predesigned data collection sheet and analyzed using computer software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 22. Results: Young and female patients suffer more 44(62.9%) than male. Occurrence was common during laparoscopic cholecystectomy 42(60%). Most of bile duct injury occur when cholecystectomy done on acute condition of gall bladder 59(84.3%). Most of bile duct injury patient came to specialized center after several week of injury with billiary stricture 54 (77.14%) with jaundice, some patients presented with abdominal pain 48(68.6%), abdominal distension 18(25.7), biliary peritonitis 16(22.9) and biliary fistula 14(20%). Patients with bile duct injury were evaluated by USG, liver function test, ERCP and MRCP. Maximum BDI patients were Bismath Type II 32(45.7%) and Bismath Type III 18(25.7%). Most of these patients were managed by Roux-eny hepaticojejunostomy 41(59%) alone, some patients were managed by ERCP stenting 4(5.7%) but when patients came on early postoperative period were managed by biloma drainage 2(2.9%), peritoneal toileting 2(2.9%) or T-Tube within CBD 3(4.2%) and laparotomy and drainage 12(17.1%). Bile duct injury with stricture at different level presented more than the acute condition 20(35.5%). Post-operative complication after billiary surgery was 22(31.4%) but most of them managed by conservative treatment. Conclusion: The present study showed that bile duct injury occurs mostly in young female with acute cholecystitis. Common presentation was obstructive jaundice and biliary sepsis. Bismuth Type II and III were most common form of stricture. Biliary reconstruction (Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy) was the treatment for biliary stricture. Peritoneal toileting, controlled fistula and later on biliary reconstruction was the treatment of biliary sepsis.
Coherence-based spectro-spatial fillters for stimulus features prediction from electrocorticographic recordings

The traditional approach in neuroscience relies on encoding models where brain responses to different stimuli are related to the latter to establish reproducible dependencies. To reduce neuronal and experimental noise, brain signals are usually averaged across trials to detect reliable and coherent brain activity. However, neural representations of stimulus features can be spread over time, frequency, and space, motivating the use of alternative methods that relate stimulus features to brain responses. We propose a Coherence-based spectro-spatial filter method that reconstructs stimulus features from intracortical brain signals. The proposed method models trials of an experiment as realizations of a random process and extracts patterns that are common across brain signals and the presented stimuli. These patterns, originating from different recording sites, are then combined (spatial filtering) to form a final prediction. Our results from three different cognitive tasks (motor movements, speech perception and speech production), concur to show that the proposed method significantly improves the ability to predict stimulus features over traditional methods such as multilinear regression with distributed lags and artificial neural networks. Furthermore, analyses of the model parameters show anatomical discriminability for execution of different motor movements. This anatomical discriminability is also observed in the perception and production of different words. These features could be exploited in the design of neuroprosthesis, as well as for exploring normal brain functioning.
Toughening Behavior of Carbon/Epoxy Laminates Interleaved by PSF/PVDF Composite Nanofibers

This paper presents an investigation on fracture behavior of carbon/epoxy composite laminates interleaved with electrospun nanofibers. Three different mats were manufactured and interleaved, using only polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), only polysulfone (PSF), and their combination. Mode-I and Mode-II fracture mechanics tests were conducted on virgin and nanomodified samples, and the results showed that PVDF and PSF nanofibers enhance the Mode-I critical energy release rate (GIC) by 66% and 51%, respectively, while using a combination of the two registered a 78% increment. The same phenomenon occurred under Mode-II loading. SEM micrographs were taken, to investigate the toughening mechanisms provided by the nanofibers.
Catalogue of the Incini with the description of the first Archedinus species from Honduras (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae)

We present an annotated catalogue for the tribe Incini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) including references to all taxonomic and nomenclatural acts, clarifying the spelling of names, providing type depositories and occurrence records for the species. The spelling of Golinca davisii (Waterhouse, 1877) is fixed, and the incorrect subsequent spelling Pantodinus klugi Burmeister, 1847 is preserved. A comprehensive list of all valid names in Incini is provided. Furthermore, we describe the third species in the genus Archedinus Morón & Krikken, 1990, and first one known from outside of Mexico, A. antoshkai Seidel & Arriaga-Varela sp. nov. from Cerro las Minas, the highest mountain in Honduras. We provide an updated determination key for the species of Archedinus. The new species is compared with Archedinus howdeni Morón & Vaz-de-Mello, 2007, the most similar species in terms of genital and habitus morphology. An updated key to identification of males of Archedinus is provided.
Effects of Near‐Surface Complexities on Differential Travel Times and Amplitude Ratios Between PP and Its Precursors

The characteristics of mantle discontinuities at depths of 410 and 660 km are important to study the mantle dynamics. With the advantage of global samplings, the differential travel times and the amplitude ratios of PP and its precursors (PdP) have been extensively used to estimate the topography and the impedance contrast of mantle discontinuities. According to previous studies, effects of large‐scale structures on the PP phase cannot be neglected. Theoretically, the complex near‐surface structure, including ocean layer and crustal heterogeneity, may complicate the PP phase. It is necessary to assess the uncertainties of waveform by taking into account the near‐surface complexities. Through the usage of an efficient algorithm for constructing synthetic seismograms, the effects of near‐surface structure on the differential travel times and the amplitude ratios between the PP and PdP are explored. We demonstrate that the crustal structure mainly affects PP‐PdP differential travel time with minor effects on the amplitude, while the ocean depth governs PP/PdP amplitude ratio rather than the travel time. Through incorporating the crust model, the anomalies of PP‐PdP travel time and PdP/PP amplitude ratio are globally mapped. A clear continent‐ocean pattern was observed in the measurements of differential times and amplitude ratios. Moreover, time shift caused by the near‐surface complexities may be wrongly attributed to the topography of mantle discontinuity and our tests show that the offset could be up to 15 km, which should be taken into account in future PP precursor studies.
Consequences of SNP codings, PCA variants, and PCA graphs for elucidating population structure

PCA is frequently used to display and discover patterns in SNP data from humans, animals, plants, and microbes—especially to elucidate population structure. Given the popularity of PCA, one might expect that PCA is understood well and applied effectively. However, our literature survey of 125 representative articles that apply PCA to SNP data shows that three choices have usually been made poorly: SNP coding, PCA variant, and PCA graph. Accordingly, we offer several simple recommendations for effective PCA analysis of SNP data. The ultimate benefit from informed and optimal choices of SNP coding, PCA variant, and PCA graph is expected to be discovery of more biology, and thereby acceleration of medical, agricultural, and other vital applications.
Ammonia Gas Sensors: Comparison of Solid-State and Optical Methods

High precision and fast measurement of gas concentrations is important for both understanding and monitoring various phenomena, from industrial and environmental to medical and scientific applications. This article deals with the recent progress in ammonia detection using in-situ solid-state and optical methods. Due to the continuous progress in material engineering and optoelectronic technologies, these methods are among the most perceptive because of their advantages in a specific application. We present the basics of each technique, their performance limits, and the possibility of further development. The practical implementations of representative examples are described in detail. Finally, we present a performance comparison of selected practical application, accumulating data reported over the preceding decade, and conclude from this comparison.
Effects of Crystallization on Antioxidant Property of Honey

Melissopalynological and biochemical analyses of 50 honey samples (chestnut, citrus, clover, cotton and sunflower) were performed in this study. The total phenolic contents (TPC) with the Folin˗Ciocalteu, antioxidant activities with the phosphomolybdenum and free radical scavenging activities (FRSA) with the DPPH methods of honey samples were determined. The fructose content of honey samples varied between 31.44-35.16 %, glucose contents between 22.46-32.71 % and sucrose contents between 0.37-1.94 %. Moreover, the G+F contents of clover, citrus, sunflower, chestnut and cotton honey were respectively observed as 67.87, 66.21, 67.39, 53.90 and 66.26 %. The F/G ratios of the honey samples varied between 1.07-1.40 and the glucose/water (G/W) ratios between 1.36-1.94. Furthermore, biological analyses performed in every 6 months throughout the 18 months of storage revealed decreasing TPCs, antioxidant activities and FRSAs over time in the honey samples (p
Distilling the distinct contralateral and ipsilateral attentional responses to lateral stimuli and the bilateral response to midline stimuli for upper and lower visual hemifield locations.

A contralateral posterior negativity elicited by lateral oddballs (N2pc) and a bilateral posterior negativity elicited by vertical midline oddballs (bilateral N2) are ERP components reflecting attentional deployment that have been rarely compared. In different tasks, we explored to what extent they reflect similar underlying mechanisms of attention. We used a multiple-frame procedure to present pop-out color oddballs among distractors. A homogeneous condition contained only distractors (0 oddballs) and served as a control condition that was subtracted from oddball-present conditions to isolate attention effects. The number of oddballs and the vertical hemifield containing them (upper vs. lower) were two critical factors. For the lower hemifield, the signal amplitude increased with the number of oddballs, otherwise had similar effects and scalp distributions, suggesting the bilateral N2 acted as a bilateral N2pc and likely reflected similar underlying generators. For the upper hemifield, component amplitude also increased with the number of oddballs, but the scalp distributions were positive and more centered, suggesting inverted generators across the two vertical hemifields. An ipsilateral positivity occurred about 50 ms after a contralateral positivity, similar in magnitude, producing a biphasic contra-minus-ipsi difference wave. Previously reported smaller negative N2pc components for upper hemifield oddballs likely reflected a negative lobe artificially created by the subtraction of a lagged positive ipsilateral response. The results compel us to argue for a systematic separation of data for upper versus lower hemifields in studies of visuo-spatial attention, and the use of an experimental design permitting the separate estimation of contralateral and ipsilateral responses.
Distribution and phenotypic variability of the Mediterranean gorgonian Paramuricea macrospina (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)

Abstract The genus Paramuricea is present in the Mediterranean Sea with two species, P. clavata and P. macrospina. These species have similar bathymetric distributions and can live in sympatry. P. macrospina shows morphological plasticity leading sometimes to an erroneous classification as P. clavata. Studying four ambiguous morphotypes of P. macrospina collected in different localities of the Mediterranean Sea, we provide new insights on both the taxonomy and the distribution of this species. Our analyses reveal high morphological plasticity within the sampled colonies, which in two cases were characterised by a peculiar pigmentation and a morphological pattern resembling that of P. clavata. After having confirmed the genetic identity of the samples, we tested the validity of traditional taxonomic characters, and found that the most reliable character to discriminate between P. macrospina and P. clavata is the number of rows of spindles in the collaret of the polyps. All other features are highly variable and therefore do not allow a correct identification. The bathymetric and geographic distribution of P. macrospina is here updated, showing, with the exception of the south-eastern side, broad preference in the whole basin. Moreover, further studies are needed to investigate the gene flow among and within the Mediterranean populations of P. macrospina and to assess whether the morphological plasticity is driven by adaptive genetic processes of populations exposed to different environmental, climatic and bathymetric conditions.