Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dibromothymoquinone (DBMIB) Replaces the Function of QA at 77 K in the Isolated Photosystem II Reaction Center (D1-D2-Cytochrome b559) Complex: Difference Spectrum of the P680+(DBMIB-) State

Transient absorbance changes of the primary electron donor chlorophyll a (P680) and acceptor pheophytin a (H) were measured at 77 K by nanosecond laser spectroscopy in the Dl-D2-cytochrome bSS9 photosystem II reaction center complex containing dibromomethylisopropyl benzoquinone (DBMIB). After the laser excitation of the reaction center in the presence of DBMIB, only the P680+(DBMIB) state was detected. P680+ mainly decayed with a t 1/e of 11 ms. In the absence of DBMIB, the excitation produced the P680+H~ radical pair. The radical pair produced the triplet state (P680T) with a t 1/e of 50 ns, and P680T then decayed with a tVt of 2.1 ms. It was concluded that H~ was oxidized by DBMIB in a time range faster than the detecting time resolution (3.5 ns) even at 77 K. The rapid oxidation of H~ by DBMIB was also confirmed by the suppression of delayed fluorescence with a decay t1/e of 50 ns. The P680+(DBMIB")/P680(DBMIB) difference spectrum exhibited a Q, band with a peak at 682 nm with a shoulder at 673 nm. The spectral shape was almost temperature insensitive between 77 and 265 K. The feature of this spectrum in the wavelength range between 330 and 720 nm was compared with that of P680 T/P680 or H"/H at 77 K.
Characterization of fcp4 and fcp12, Two Additional Genes Encoding Light Harvesting Proteins of Cyclotella cryptica (Bacillariophyceae) and Phylogenetic Analysis of this Complex Gene Family

: Two additional cDNA clones containing genes which encode fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c binding proteins (Fcps) of the centric diatom Cyclotella cryptica have been sequenced. The first cDNA clone containing fcp12 had an insert size of 871 base pairs (bp). The open reading frame (ORF) of 693 bp corresponds to a precursor protein of 231 amino acids with a molecular weight (Mr) of 25 200. For the mature Fcp12, a protein of 196 amino acids with a Mr of 21 700 is proposed. The second cDNA clone contained the fragmentary fcp4 with an insert of 805 bp. The ORF of 492 bp corresponds to a polypeptide of 164 amino acids with a Mr of 18 050. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the proteins Fcp1, Fcp2, Fcp3 and Fcp5 are closely related to the Fcps of other diatoms, whereas Fcp6, Fcp7 and Fcp12 share the highest homology to the Fcp of the haptophyte Isochrysis galbana and to the light inducible proteins LI818r3 and LI818 of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlamydomonas eugametos. The subunit Fcp4 revealed some homology with the red algal LH subunits LhcaR1 and LhcaR2 of Porphyridium cruentum.
Monophthongization in the Adaptation of Selected English Loanwords in
 Yorùbá: A Constraint-Based Analysis

English loanwords are adapted in Yorùbá via various processes such as deletion, insertion, spirantization, and (de)voicing. This paper examined the category of English loanwords adaptation involving the process of monophthongization using Optimality Theory. The large chunks of the data analysed in the paper were obtained by observation and from the extant literature, and were then subjected to content analysis. The study discovered two broad patterns of monophthongization: simple and complex, the latter being further Mayowa Emmanuel Oyinloye Assistant Lecturer, Department of Linguistics and Nigerian Languages, University of Jos, Nigeria Email: oyinloyemayowa70@gmail.com Received 4 February, 2020; Revised 18 February, 2020; Accepted 20 March, 2020 Copyright © 2020 Language Research Institute, Sejong University Journal of Universal Language is an Open Access Journal. All articles are distributed online under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 30 Monophthongization in the Adaptation of Selected English Loanwords in Yorùbá divided into doubling and splitting. In simple monophthongization (e.g. férémù from ‘frame’), the underlying diphthong in the loanword changes to a monophthong in the adapted form; in doubling monophthongization (e.g. síléètì from ‘slate’), the underlying diphthong changes to a monophthong which is in turn doubled, analogous to compensatory lengthening in some languages; in splitting monophthongization (e.g. fáìlì from ‘file’), the diphthong’s two vowels are split into two monophthongs, resulting in nuclei of different syllables. The paper concluded that monophthongization is motivated by the fact that diphthongs are excluded from the Yorùbá phoneme inventory, hence English loanwords containing diphthongs are systematically nativized in Yorùbá on the basis of the ranking, *DIPH >> INTEG, which is expanded as: *DIPH, *CC, *CODA >> IDENT[F] >> Hiatus >> DEP, INTEG.
Trombe Wall System for Poultry Brooding

2 Abstract: Performance evaluation of a Trombe wall powered poultry house for brooding day-old chicks was undertaken. The poultry house consists of a Trombe wall for solar energy collection and storage, a brooding room having a floor area measuring 6.6m . The house was tested experimentally with poultry day-old chicks 2
Nutritional Value of Edible Insects from the State of Oaxaca, Mexico

Abstract Seventy-eight species of edible insects, representing twenty-three families from the state of Oaxaca in Mexico, were analyzed for nutrient composition. They include the orders of Anoplura, Diptera, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera. The dry basis protein content ranged from 15 to 81%. The highest was found in a wasp of the genusPolybia.Fat content ranged from 4.2% (several grasshopper species:Boopedon flaviventris, Sphenarium sp., Melanoplus mexicanus) to 77.2% in the larvae of a butterflyPhasus triangularis.The insect richest in carbohydrates was the antMyrmecosistus melligerwith 77.7%. The amino acid profile of the studied insects compares with the preschooler and adult requirements indicated in 1985 by the F.A. O. and the W.H. O. Their protein chemical score (corresponding to the capacity for fulfilling the requirement of the most limiting essential amino acid) ranged from 46 to 96%; in a few cases there were deficiences of tryptophan and lysine. Protein digestibility varied between 76 and 98% for the species analyzed. The caloric contribution varied from 293 to 762 kcal/100 g, the highest value also being for the butterfly larvae ofPhasus triangularis.Constituting a significant component of the diet of some rural communities in Oaxaca, consumption parameters vary depending on the species, season, habitat, climate, and biotope. Eaten daily in some regions, insects are roasted, fried, or incorporated into a ragout dish, generally in the immature stage. Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps) are preferred for consumption.
Isolation and Characterization of Thermo-tolerant Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria From a Phosphate Mine and Their Rock Phosphate Solubilizing Abilities

A study of rock phosphate (RP) mines, rich in R2O3 (Fe2O3 and Al2O3) contents, was done to explore the possibilities of isolating and characterizing thermo-tolerant phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) having the ability to solubilize ferric phosphate (Fe-P) and aluminium phosphate (Al-P) efficiently. One hundred and ten thermo-tolerant PSB were isolated employing Pikovskaya (PVK) broth amended with RP, and six of these isolates were selected for further study. The phosphate solubilizing efficiency (PSE) was determined in PVK broth containing tri-calcium phosphate (TCP), hydroxyapatite (Hy-P), Fe-P, Al-P or RP. These isolates showed solubilization of all the phosphorus (P) sources used in this study, particularly Fe-P, Al-P and RP. The main mechanism of P-solubilization seemed to be mediated by the production of organic acids leading to medium acidification. HPLC analysis revealed production of multiple organic acids (oxalic, citric, malic, succinic, formic, acetic and gluconic acids) in the culture supernatant along with some unknown acids. Based on the partial sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes, these thermo-tolerant isolates were found to belong to two bacterial genera, Brevibacillus and Bacillus.
Google Mini: Italian Example of Artificial Prosociality

Prosociality is a social and individual virtue, which evokes mixed feelings in the modern world. Generally, prosociality behavior is defined as “actions taken for the benefit of one or more other persons” (Wispe, 1972). The Digital Revolution and the birth of artificial intelligence, such as the Google Mini, allowed the transition from elitist experience to mass experience. The study has an exploratory function and starts from the Man-AI interaction, in a provocative and oppositional conversational context created by the Human Being. In the research, it is hypothesized, therefore, that the synthesis of the artificial voice does not allow to characterize all the facets of the tone and the emotionality of the prosociality. As a result, Artificial Intelligence is programmed to always respond in a “gentle” way, putting in place different facets of prosociality, which are well detected in the emotionality and prosodic analysis, above all in the recognition of “pitch” speech pattern. While emotional tone analysis confirms the “understanding” of reading the communicative context of Artificial Intelligence. Among future perspectives it is highlighted how the study of these vocal patterns of artificial prosociality can be a springboard for research on bullying, using the Google Mini Prosocial tool.
A LOOK BACK AT US GROUP: AN ANTI-RACIST INITIATIVE IN THE AGE OF DESEGREGATION

ABSTRACT In 1989, after an incident in which a white teacher used a derogatory word against three black students in a high school in Ann Arbor, Michigan, the school developed a program called “Understanding and Sharing Diversity” (US Group). Every two months, approximately 60 students participated in all-day forums, where they could speak freely about issues and experiences regarding race, racism, and identity in school. This research examines the origins and development of US Group as representative of a particular historical moment and space: a public high school in a progressive Midwestern town during the period of desegregation. It contributes to the literature on critical geographies of education and race through a historical analysis of desegregation policies and their impacts, while also providing a blueprint for antiracist educational initiatives. Keywords: desegregation, education policy, race, anti-racist initiatives
Relationship between Demographic Factors and Body Mass Index with the Prevention of Hypertension in Adolescents

Background: Hypertension or increased blood pressure is often referred as the silent killer because it usually does not show significant signs and symptoms. Thus, almost all patients do not realize if they suffer from hypertension. The Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2007 reported that the prevalence of hypertension in the population aged over 18 years old in Indonesia was 31.7%. Because of the increasing prevalence of hypertension in adolescence, it is necessary to take precautions. This study aimed to examine the relationship between demographic factors and body mass index with the prevention of hyper­tension in adolescents Subjects and Method: This was a cross sec­tional study conducted at Muhammadiyah 1 Senior high school, Yogyakarta, from May 2017 to February 2018. A sample of 80 students was selected for this study. The dependent variables were prevention behavior. The independent variables were age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and residence. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by Chi square. Results: 48 (60%) students had good hyper­tension prevention behavior. Female (OR= 3.00; p= 0.030), urban residence (OR= 2.78; p= 0.040), and normal body weight (OR= 4.30; p= 0.001) increased behavior of hypertension prevention, and they were statistically signi­ficant. Older age (OR= 1.59; p= 0.220) incre­ased behavior of hypertension preven­tion, but it was statistically non-significant. Conclusion: Female, urban residence, normal body weight, and older age increase behavior of hypertension prevention. Keywords: hypertension prevention behavior, demographic factors Correspondence: Ratna Indriawati. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Uni­versitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogya­karta 55183 Indonesia. Email: r_indriawati­wibowo@yahoo.com Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2020), 5(2): 72-78 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2020. 05.02. 01
Enzymatic Degradation of Colistin Isolation and Identification of α-N-Acyl α,γ-Diaminobutyric Acid and Colistin Nonapeptide

Colistin, a fatty acyl peptide antibiotic, was attacked by proteolytic enzymes such as papain, ficin and bromelain, and as degradation product, a peptide portion retaining the ring structure of colistin was liberated. In contrast, an analogous antibiotic polymyxin B showed a characteristic resistance to the catalytic activity of papain.Colistin nonapeptide and α-N-fatty acyl α,γ-diaminobutyric acid were obtained as products from the above enzymatic hydrolyzates of colistin and their chemical and physicochemical properties were investigated.Contrary to colistin, this colistin nonapeptide was inactive to Escherichia coli. NIHJ and to many other strains even at a concentration of 800 mcg/ml by the agar dilution method. As α-N-fatty acyl α,γ-diaminobutyric acid which is rest part of colistin was added to colistin nonapeptide, antimicrobial activity of colistin nonapeptide did not increase.
LC-MS-based metabolomics reveals the distinct changes of metabolic profile and sensory quality during Qingzhuan tea processing.

Qingzhuan tea (QZT) is a unique type of dark tea exclusively produced in Hubei Province of China. In the current study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) coupled with multivariate analysis was applied to characterize the chemical composition of QZT and investigate the effect of QZT processing on its metabolic profile and sensory quality. The contents of polyphenols and flavonoids decreased significantly whilst the polysaccharides content remained stable, while the theabrownin content inversely increased during QZT processing. LC-MS-based metabolomics analyses revealed that tea sample after microbial fermentation (MFT) was dramatically different from the sample before microbial fermentation (UFT), while MFT was very similar to QZT. A total of 102 compounds was identified as critical metabolites responsible for metabolic changes caused by QZT processing, with the contents of catechins and flavonoids significantly decreased, and some novel phenolic acids and catechin derivatives formed. The sensory quality of QZT was mainly formed during microbial fermentation, which greatly reduced the astringency and bitterness of raw tea leaves, and produced its characteristic woody and stale aroma as well as mellow taste. These results suggested that microbial fermentation is the critical process in changing the metabolic profile of raw tea leaves and forming sensory quality of QZT.
Study of some of the mechanisms involved in the prevention against Salmonella enteritidis serovar Typhimurium infection by lactic acid bacteria

Abstract The possible mechanism exerted by different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the protection against Salmonella enteritidis serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) infection was determined. LAB was administered to BALB/c mice, and the animals were subsequently challenged with S. typhimurium. The inhibition of the translocation of S. typhimurium in the liver was correlated with a decrease in cellular apoptosis determined in slices from the small intestine of mice. The microbiocidal activity of peritoneal macrophages was increased by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus, but not for the probiotic strain L. casei CRL 431. The levels of IFNγ and Bcl-2 positive cells in the small intestine of mice fed with the LAB were also determined by immunofluorescence. Using in vivo studies, we demonstrated that the biological and immune mechanisms induced by the LAB studied were different for each bacterium and were mediated by anti-S. typhimurium S-IgA microbiocidal activity and/or cellular apoptosis inhibition of infected immune cells.
An Adaptive Edge Detecting Method for Satellite Imagery Based on Canny Edge Algorithm

— Satellite images are unclear and it is very difficult to get information from them. This paper deals with the detection of edges of a satellite image. Here, edge detection is the fundamental tool of image segmentation. Image segmentation is a process of dividing an digital image into set of pixels, it is used to identify the objects and boundaries un an image.A set of connected pixels which forms boundary between two disjoint regions defines an edge,which is very important to acquire information from an image.There are many segmentation techniques like threshold, clustering, PDE, ANN based techniques, of all these methods edge based technique is the most optimum one. Canny edge detection algorithm is used to detect a wide range of edges in image uses multi-stage algorithm. Low error rate,good localization and single response are the main features of this algorithm.
Estimation of a distribution function using Lagrange polynomials with Tchebychev–Gauss points

The estimation of the distribution function of a real random variable is an intrinsic topic in non parametric estimation. To this end, a distribution estimator based on Lagrange polynomials and Tchebychev-Gauss points, is introduced. Some asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator are investigated, such as its asymptotic bias, variance, mean squared error and Chung-Smirnov propriety. The asymptotic normality and the uniform convergence of the estimator are also established. Lastly, the performance of the proposed estimator is explored through a certain simulation examples.
How LGBTQ+ Students Thrive in College

This qualitative study draws from 60 interviews with LGBTQ+ college students to highlight how a positive psychology framework illuminates aspects of LGBTQ+ student success. Utilizing the broaden-and-build theory and the concept of thriving, we found LGBTQ+ students experienced thriving through managing and experiencing support for multiple identities and LGBTQ+-specific connections, contributions, and curriculum. The article concludes with implications for student affairs practice and future research.
A biometric study of three populations of the European grayling, Thymallus thymallus (L.), from the French Jura Mountains

Three populations of grayling (Thymallus thymallus L.) from the Jura Mountains (Rhone drainage basin, France) were compared using 8 meristic and 10 morphometric characteristics; discriminant analysis clearly distinguished these populations. This result raises a number of questions about the specificity of fish populations inhabiting any given river and the usefulness of stocking that has been carried out up to now without any controls.
Fault-tolerant H∞ filtering for fuzzy networked control systems with quantisation effects

ABSTRACT The issue of memory filter design is investigated for a class of discrete-time Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy networked control systems with time-varying delay and quantisation effects. The main objective of this paper is to formulate an memory filter that can guarantee the resulting filtering error system to be finite-time bounded. Further, by considering the communication limitations, the state signals are quantised before transmission through a logarithmic quantiser and the quantisation error is considered in the filter design. In particular, the quantisation effects are dealt by employing the generalised sector bound approach. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, novel sufficient constraints are established in the form of linear matrix inequalities, to ensure the finite-time boundedness of the augmented filtering error system. Then, a new fault-tolerant memory filter is formulated and also the filter gain parameters are attained by solving the derived LMI based constraints. Finally, a numerical example is furnished to support the efficacy and applicability of the developed filter design.
A sequential na¨ıve Bayes method for music genre classiﬁcation based on transitional information from pitch and beat

Due to the rapid development of digital music market, online music websites are widely available in our daily life. There is a practical need to develop automatic music genre classiﬁcation algorithms to manage a huge amount of music. In this regard, the transitional information contained in pitches and beats should be very useful. Particularly, the transition in pitches produces a melody, and the transition in beats produces a rhythm. They both decide the music genre. To take these valuable information into consideration, we propose here a sequential na¨ıve Bayes method for music genre classiﬁcation. This method can be viewed as an novel extension of the classical na¨ıve Bayes classiﬁer, but takes the transitional information between pitches and beats into consideration. To reduce the number of estimated parameters, we propose a BIC -type criterion and develop a computationally eﬃcient algorithm for model selection. The selection consistency of the BIC method is theoretically proved and numerically investigated. The ﬁnite sample performance of the proposed methods are assessed through both simulations and a real music dataset.
Relationships between morphological and chemical characteristics of perennial ryegrass varieties and intake by sheep under continuous stocking management

Plots of five intermediate-heading varieties of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) [AberDove, Belramo and Glen (diploid); Twins (tetraploid); and AberExcel (tetraploid hybrid)] were continuously stocked with sheep to maintain a target sward surface height of 4050 mm. Daily dry matter (DM) intake was significantly different (F-value = 0.032) between the varieties, with the tetraploid hybrid AberExcel having the highest values for daily DM intake and intake rate during eating. Amongst the diploid varieties, intake rate tended to be higher for sheep grazing Glen. The varieties comprised a wide range in potential growth habit, from the relatively prostrate, highly tillered Glen to the more-erect AberExcel and there were differences between them in the vertical distribution of leaves within the sward canopy. The leaves of AberExcel weighed 3.6 mg DM cm(-2) leaf area in contrast to the other varieties (4.3-5.3 mg DM cm(-2) leaf area) resulting in a high leaf area index (LAI) in relation to the green leaf mass. Intake rate was not significantly correlated with extended tiller and sheath tube lengths, partition of herbage mass, number of tillers per square metre or LAI. However, canonical variates analysis showed that there were significant differences between the varieties for the morphological and chemical factors examined. Other factors also need to be explored to explain these differences in ingestive behaviour in order to identify plant traits that are correlated with herbage intake rate. These are needed for varieties destined for grazing use, both during the breeding programme and their subsequent evaluation.
Phylogeny and biogeography of the Chilean pseudopanax laetevirens

Abstract Nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences are used in phylogenetic analyses to assess relationships of the Chilean Pseudopanax laetevirens. Close relatives of P. laetevirens are P. gunnii, an endemic to Tasmania, Raukaua species from New Zealand, and Cheirodendron tryginum from Hawai'i. Analyses suggest that P. laetevirens is the sister species to P. gunnii. The current distribution of these taxa may be consistent with the movement of continental plates during the late Eocene or early Miocene. Cheirodendron may have had a southern origin and be the result Of long distance dispersa1 to the northwest.