Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non‐Obese MKR Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes Reveals Skeletal Alterations in Mineralization and Material Properties

Obesity is a common comorbidity of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Therefore, increased risk of fragility fractures in T2D is often confounded by the effects of obesity. This study was conducted to elucidate the mechanistic basis by which T2D alone leads to skeletal fragility. We hypothesized that obesity independent T2D would deteriorate bone's material quality by accumulating defects in the mineral matrix and undesired modifications in its organic matrix associated with increased oxidative stress and hyperglycemia. To test this hypothesis, we used 15‐week‐old male non‐obese mice with engineered muscle creatine kinase promoter/human dominant negative insulin growth factor 1 (IGF‐I) receptor (MKR) and FVB/N wild‐type (WT) controls (n = 12/group). MKR mice exhibit reduced insulin production and loss of glycemic control leading to diabetic hyperglycemia, verified by fasting blood glucose measurements (>250 mg/dL), without an increase in body weight. MKR mice showed a significant decrease in femoral radial geometry (cortical area, moment of inertia, cortical thickness, endosteal diameter, and periosteal diameter). Bone mineral density (BMD), as assessed by micro–computed tomography (μCT), remained unchanged; however, the quality of bone mineral was altered. In contrast to controls, MKR mice had significantly increased hydroxyapatite crystal thickness, measured by small‐angle X‐ray scattering, and elongated c‐axis length of the crystals evaluated by confocal Raman spectroscopy. There was an increase in changes in the organic matrix of MKR mice, associated with enhanced glycoxidation (carboxymethyl‐lysine [CML] and pentosidine) and overall glycation (fluorescent advanced glycation end products), both of which were associated with various measures of bone fragility. Moreover, increased CML formation positively correlated with elongated mineral crystal length, supporting the role of this negatively charged side chain to attract calcium ions, promote growth of hydroxyapatite, and build a physical link between mineral and collagen. Collectively, our results show, for the first time, changes in bone matrix in a non‐obese T2D model in which skeletal fragility is attributable to alterations in the mineral quality and undesired organic matrix modifications. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A liquid shear-stress sensor fabricated using wafer bonding technology

The authors report on the fabrication and testing of a microfabricated silicon floating-element (120 mu m*140 mu m) shear-stress sensor designed to detect high shear stresses (1-100 KPa) in fluid environments. Wafer bonding technology is used to produce a thin (5 mu m) dielectrically isolated silicon layer (allowing piezoresistive transduction in a half-bridge readout scheme) which is further processed to develop the floating-element sensor. The authors describe the details of the sensor fabrication, modeling of the sensor response, and the results of testing. There is good agreement between the modeled response of the sensor and the experimental data, and the sensor has also maintained its structural integrity under severe conditions. <<ETX>>
On-line Monitoring of the MOSFET Device Junction Temperature by Computation of the Threshold Voltage

A method for an on-line junction temperature measurement is introduced. The circuit allows the calibration of a real-time thermal model of a power MOSFET. A regular calibration of the real-time model provides an accurate thermal flux model over the lifetime of the power MOSFET. The measurement of threshold voltage is used to determine the device temperature. The paper presents the on-line measurement method, the circuit and test results.
Optimal batching in a wafer fabrication facility using a multiproduct G/G/c model with batch processing

Wafer fabrication, the first portion of semiconductor manufacturing, typically involves numerous batch-processing operations. These operations play an important role in determining how the system performs in terms of throughput, WIP and cycle time. In this paper, batch sizes that minimize the expected cycle time of batch-processing operations for a real-world semiconductor manufacturer are determined by a new approximated analytical model. This model, denoted by G / G ( bp ) , represents multiple products, multiple servers, batch-processing, incompatible products and unequal batch service size queues. Incompatible products mean that different products are not allowed to be in the same batch. Unequal batch service size means that batch service sizes depend upon products. Steady-state approximation formulas for cycle time and WIP of this queuing system are derived. These approximate performance measures are compared with those of discrete-event simulation. The results are reasonable and the approximation formulas much more computationally efficient than conducting the corresponding simulation studies. Finally, a batch-processing system with the goal of minimizing the total expected cycle times of items by determining the 'optimal' batch sizes is presented. Solutions are obtained using genetic algorithms.
ACTION DESIGN ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH – IN SEARCH OF A RIGOROUS METHODOLOGY FOR IS RESEARCH

Action Design Research (ADR) has been developed as a broader research framework to design, evaluate and redesign IT artifacts in organizational contexts while design-evaluation-redesign is inseparable and iterative. ADR seeks to build IT artifact in organizational contexts and implement, redesign and evaluate it through organizational intervention. We applied ADR in a complex context of a develop country where understanding organizational context is challenging. In this situation, we applied ADR in ethnographic methodological framework in order to understand the complex organizational context. From our empirical findings, we found that applying ADR with the ethnographic methodological framework is potential for understanding the complex contexts. We showed that the ethnographic methodology has potential complementary with ADR’s stages and processes without requiring extra stages. Further, we argued that applying ADR in ethnographic methodology can be seen as Action Design Ethnographic Research (ADER).
Performance Analysis of Power Control in Urban UAV Networks With 3D Blockage Effects

In urban UAV networks, UAVs deployment locations and air-to-ground (AtG) communication links will possibly conflict with densely located buildings, which exacerbate network irregularity and make interference management more complicated. This paper proposes interference coordination via power control under 3D blockage effects in urban environments, where buildings are distributed according to Boolean model with heights (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_k$</tex-math></inline-formula>) followed Rayleigh distribution. Specifically, a dynamic UAV group (UAVG) is organized to serve each user for interference coordination, which consists several nearest <italic>visible</italic> UAVs with line-of-sight (LOS) connections considering buildings blockage effects, and the modified distribution from user to its nearest unblocked UAV is derived. Power control is executed in UAVG where adjacent interfering UAVs within the group will mute their transmission for interference mitigation, and optimal UAVG radius coefficient <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula> is obtained, which reveals the trade-off between interference mitigation and resource utilization. Leveraging stochastic geometry, theoretical expressions of network metrics are derived with Nakagami-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math></inline-formula> fading assumption, including network coverage probability and network connectivity. Analytical results show that in urban city scenario, comparing with traditional terrestrial networks, coverage performance can achieve 4.1× gain by deploying UAVs with optimal height, and achieve additional 26<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> gain with respect to scenarios where power control is disabled.
An analysis of screech tone noise and its mode change of an axisymmetric supersonic jet using an optimized compact scheme

The screech tone of an underexpanded jet is numerically calculated without any specific modeling for the screech tone itself. A fourth-order optimized compact scheme and fourthorder Runge-Kutta method are used to solve the 2D axisymmetric Euler equation. First, the centerline mean pressure distribution of jet Mach number 1.20 is calculated and compared with experimental and other numerical results. The agreement with other results means that present method can simulate the axisymmetric screech tone correctly. The pressure signal and its Fourier transform at upstream and downstream show the directivity pattern of the screech tone very clearly. Most importantly, we can simulate the axisymmetric mode change of the screech tone very precisely with the proposed method. Moreover, the numerical results show that the mode change pattern of the screech tone is almost same regardless of the nozzle lip thickness. It can be concluded that the basic phenomenon of screech tone including its frequency can be calculated and its mode change can be simulated with inviscid Euler equations but without any numerical modeling for the screech tone feedback loop.
Türkiye’de enflasyonun ileri ve geri beslemeli yapay sinir ağlarının melez yaklaşımı ile öngörüsü

Obtaining the inflation prediction is an important problem. Having this prediction accurately will lead to more accurate decisions. Various time series techniques have been used in the literature for inflation prediction. Recently, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is being preferred in the time series prediction problem due to its flexible modeling capacity. Artificial neural network can be applied easily to any time series since it does not require prior conditions such as a linear or curved specific model pattern, stationary and normal distribution. In this study, the predictions have been obtained using the feed forward and recurrent artificial neural network for the Consumer Price Index (CPI). A new combined forecast has been proposed based on ANN in which the ANN model predictions employed in analysis were used as data.
Pitch estimation for musical sound including percussion sound using comb filters and autocorrelation function

This paper proposes a new pitch estimation method using comb filters H(z) = 1-z-N and autocorrelation functions (ACFs) for the musical sounds including a percussion sound. We can obtain the ACF of the percussion sound at the comb filter output where the instrument sound with pitch is eliminated. By subtracting this percussion ACF from the ACF of the adjacent comb filter output in the twelve comb filters connected in parallel corresponding to each pitch of one octave, we can also obtain the ACF of the instrument one, and then we can estimate the pitch of the instrument sound from the instrument ACF.
Parametric Study of a Horizontal Tube Heat Exchanger for LNG Submerged Combustion Vaporiser

LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) submerged combustion vaporiser is applied to convert Liquefied natural gas to gas phase natural gas through using the hot combustion gas generated from submerged combustion. This paper investigated the vaporisation and heat transfer process of a single horizontal tube, a simplified model, to simulate the heat transfer of circular tube heat exchanger used in LNG submerged combustion vaporiser. This work provides a useful computer model for the design of heat exchanger used in LNG submerged combustion vaporiser. The overall heat transfer and vaporisation process of the tube was separated into single-phase liquid, two-phase mixture and single-phase vapour heat transfer regions for calculation and analysis. Through development of a dedicated computer model, a parametric study was carried out to analyse the effects of geometrical size and operating conditions on inner surface convective heat transfer of tube. The results of study suggested that the preferable tube surface temperature for design was found between 280 K and 288 K in order to avoid frost deposition. The minimum tube length required for the overall vaporisation is predicted to be about 16 m when the inner tube diameter set between 0.24 m and 0.28 m.
Design and control of an LCL series parallel resonant converters using bacterial foraging optimisation

The paper introduces a design technique for robust PID controllers for inductance capacitance inductance-T network (LCL-T) series parallel resonant converts. AC analysis and stability analysis for LCL-T series parallel converter are premeditated. The converter controllers' designs are based on bacterial foraging optimisation (BFO). A BFO algorithm is utilised in order to obtain the controller parameters and guarantee superior step response performance criterion. Simulation results of the designed controllers are compared with that of conventional controllers whose parameters are tuned by using will known Ziegler-Nichols technique. Results imply the perfection of the proposed technique over the conventional method. Experimental measurements of system performance validate the proposed technique and emphasise its feasibility.
Considerations for Accurate Whole Plant Photosynthesis Measurement

Whole plant photosynthetic rate (Pn) measurements provide an integral assessment of how an entire plant responds to biotic and abiotic factors. Pn determination is based on measurements of CO2 exchange rates (CER) which can be determined using various types of systems including Closed, Semi-closed, and Open systems. This review focused on important design and operational considerations of Open CER measurement systems. Key mechanical and biological factors that may influence measurement accuracy include leakage of a chamber, CO2 differential between air inlet and outlet of a chamber, chamber air humidity, canopy air speed, acidity of growth media and irrigation water to name a few. Proper design and operation of a whole canopy photosynthesis system are necessary to assure accuracy of the Pn measurements that may be used to assess both short term responses and long term yield of a plant as a result of given stimuli.
Ensemble-Based Machine Learning for Predicting Sudden Human Fall Using Health Data

We attempt to predict the accidental fall of human beings due to sudden abnormal changes in their health parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, and sugar level. In medical terminology, this problem is known as Syncope. The primary motivation is to prevent such falls by predicting abnormal changes in these health parameters that might trigger a sudden fall. We apply various machine learning algorithms such as logistic regression, a decision tree classifier, a random forest classifier, K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN), a support vector machine, and a naive Bayes classifier on a relevant dataset and verify our results with the cross-validation method. We observe that the KNN algorithm provides the best accuracy in predicting such a fall. However, the accuracy results of some other algorithms are also very close. Thus, we move one step further and propose an ensemble model, Majority Voting, which aggregates the prediction results of multiple machine learning algorithms and finally indicates the probability of a fall that corresponds to a particular human being. The proposed ensemble algorithm yields 87.42% accuracy, which is greater than the accuracy provided by the KNN algorithm.
Coplanar passive elements on Si substrate for frequencies up to 110 GHz

This paper provides both modeling and design information on coplanar passive elements on a silicon substrate. The influence of substrate resistivity on coplanar waveguide (CPW) loss is discussed, and elements of a cell library for coplanar monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC's) on high-resistivity substrates are presented. The elements include discontinuities, junctions, and spiral inductors. The models are based on field-theoretical simulations and verified by S-parameter measurements up to 110 GHz.
New channel engineering for sub-100 nm MOS devices considering both carrier velocity overshoot and statistical performance fluctuations

We introduce a new channel engineering design for nano-region SOI and bulk MOSFETs taking into account both carrier velocity overshoot and statistical performance fluctuations. For types of both device, in the high gate drive region, the high field carrier velocity /spl upsi//sub e/ is not degraded at channel dopant density N/sub a/ lower than 1/spl times/10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/, according to an experimental universal relationship between /spl upsi//sub e/ and the low field mobility. On the other hand, there is a most suitable N/sub a/ condition for suppression of statistical threshold voltage fluctuations. This most suitable N/sub a/ is slightly higher for SOI devices than that for bulk MOSFETs, but it is lower than 1/spl times/10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/ in both cases. Therefore, this most suitable N/sub a/ condition is consistent with the above N/sub a/ condition for carrier velocity. Consequently, new N/sub a/ conditions for nano region devices are introduced in this study. N/sub a/ should be designed to be of the order of 1/spl times/10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/ rather than rising by the usual scaling rule, but it is necessary to suppress the short channel effects of SOI and bulk MOSFETs by scaling down the SOI thickness, and to use source/drain junction depth scaling or surface low impurity structures in bulk MOSFETs, respectively.
Metamaterials with enhanced mechanical properties and tuneable Poisson’s ratio

This paper reports a structural modification of an auxetic metamaterial with a combination of representative re-entrant and chiral topologies, namely, a re-entrant chiral auxetic (RCA) metamaterial. The main driving force for the structural modification was to overcome the undesirable properties of the RCA metamaterial such as anisotropic mechanical response under uniaxial compression. Additively manufactured polyamide 12 specimens via Multi Jet Fusion were quasi-statically compressed along the two in-plane directions. The experimental results confirmed that the modified structure was less sensitive to the loading direction and the deformation was more uniform. Moreover, similar energy absorptions were obtained when the modified metamaterial was crushed along the two in-plane directions. The energy absorption per unit volume was improved from 390 to 950 kJ m−3 and from 500 to 1000 kJ m−3 compared with the RCA when they were crushed along the X and Y directions, respectively. The absorbed energy per unit mass (specific energy absorption) also improved from 1.4 to 2.9 J g−1 and from 1.78 to 3.1 J g−1 compared with that of the RCA under the axial compression along the X and Y directions. Furthermore, parametric studies were performed and the effects of geometric parameters of the modified metamaterial were numerically investigated. Tuneable auxetic feature was obtained. The energy absorption and Poisson’s ratio of the modified metamaterial offer it a good candidate for a wide range of potential applications in the areas such as aerospace, automotive, and human protective equipment.
Perception of gender in children's voices.

To investigate the perception of gender from children's voices, adult listeners were presented with /hVd/ syllables, in isolation and in sentence context, produced by children between 5 and 18 years. Half the listeners were informed of the age of the talker during trials, while the other half were not. Correct gender identifications increased with talker age; however, performance was above chance even for age groups where the cues most often associated with gender differentiation (i.e., average fundamental frequency and formant frequencies) were not consistently different between boys and girls. The results of acoustic models suggest that cues were used in an age-dependent manner, whether listeners were explicitly told the age of the talker or not. Overall, results are consistent with the hypothesis that talker age and gender are estimated jointly in the process of speech perception. Furthermore, results show that the gender of individual talkers can be identified accurately well before reliable anatomical differences arise in the vocal tracts of females and males. In general, results support the notion that the transmission of gender information from voice depends substantially on gender-dependent patterns of articulation, rather than following deterministically from anatomical differences between male and female talkers.
A New TH-CDMA Scheme for Dispersive Infrared Channel and Its Performance Evaluation

Abstract Infrared indoor wireless communications using nondirected links are subject to severe multipath distortion which causes intersymbol interference (ISI). To lessen multipath distortion effect and thereby to improve the system performance, in this paper, we consider a new time-hopping based multiple access scheme for this channel, in which one pulse is transmitted in each bit interval. The position of the pulse is determined based on the output of a low rate error correcting code along with the user's dedicated PN code. We evaluate the multiple access performance of the system for correlation receiver considering background noise, dark current, and thermal noise. We compare the performance of our proposed multiple access scheme with those of the previously introduced code division multiple access schemes for infrared communications, like CDMA and Frame Time Hopping (FTH). Our results show that, for the same bandwidth and bit rate, the proposed system substantially excels the other methods in term of bit error rate, or equivalently the number of the users supported at a fixed bit error rate.
A comparison of track to truth assignment methods

Evaluating the performance of a radar target tracking simulation architecture typically requires creating a mapping between between the tracks generated by that architecture and the true trajectories of the objects in the simulation. The mapping is commonly generated by the solution to a 2D assignment problem in which the costs are based on some measure of the distance between tracks and truth. In the past, distances such as the Euclidean and Mahalanobis distances have been used, and, more recently, the contribution of truth objects to tracks has been used to derive a distance from the track content, which can be more robust in the presence of unresolved targets. This paper describes and compares various methods of defining assignment costs and explores the differences in tracking effectiveness and performance metrics that arise from using them in the context of closely spaced air targets.
Three-player Cooperative Game with Side-payments for Discretionary Lane Changes of Connected Vehicles

The rapid development of new technologies, e.g., connected vehicles and e-wallet, offers us opportunities to rethink cooperative lane-change (LC) models. Most of existing cooperative LC models require a selfless assumption by default, which is usually too stringent for travelers. A cooperative LC game framework with appropriate side-payments can make up for this deficiency. In such games, when travelers maximize their own benefits, they will naturally cooperate to improve the system performance. This paper designs a four-step transferable utility based three-player game framework, which can cover all LC scenarios on multi-lane roads combing with the two-player model in the previous work. Our four-step framework is also suitable for other cooperative games with side-payments. Furthermore, the simulation results show that, cooperative games with side-payments can reduce vehicles’ LC frequency and meanwhile benefit all transaction vehicles in most scenarios in expectation. Moreover, the urgent vehicles with very high values of time can save up to 42% travel time on congested roads under the simulation settings.