Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visual noise effect on reading in three developmental disorders: ASD, ADHD, and DD

Background and aims Developmental disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Developmental Dyslexia (DD) are reported to have more visual problems, oral language difficulties, and diminished reading skills in addition to their different diagnostic features. Moreover, these conditions also have increased internal noise and probably an impaired ability of external noise filtering. The aim of the present study was to compare the reading performance of these groups in the presence of external visual noise which disrupts the automatic reading processes through the degradation of letters. Methods Sixty-four children and adolescents in four groups, ASD, ADHD, DD, and TD, participated in the study. Two types of stimuli were used – unrelated words and pseudowords. The noise was generated by exchanging a fixed number of pixels between the black symbols and the white background distorting the letters. The task of the participants was to read aloud the words or pseudowords. The reading time for a single letter string, word or pseudoword, was calculated, and the proportion of errors was assessed in order to describe the reading performance. Results The results obtained showed that the reading of unrelated words and pseudowords differs in the separate groups of participants and is affected differently by the added visual noise. In the no-noise condition, the group with TD had the shortest time for reading words and short pseudowords, followed by the group with ASD, while their reading of long pseudowords was slightly slower than that of the ASD group. The noise increase evoked variations in the reading of groups with ASD and ADHD, which differed from the no-noise condition and the control group with TD. The lowest proportion of errors was observed in readers with TD. The reading performance of the DD group was the worst at all noise levels, with the most prolonged reading time and the highest proportion of errors. At the highest noise level, the participants from all groups read the words and pseudowords with similar reading speed and accuracy. Conclusions In reading words and pseudowords, the ASD, ADHD, and DD groups show difficulties specific for each disorder revealed in a prolonged reading time and a higher proportion of errors. The dissimilarity in reading abilities of the groups with different development is most evident when the accuracy and reading speed are linked together. Implications The use of noise that degrades the letter structure in the present study allowed us to separate the groups with ASD, ADHD, and DD and disclose specifics in the reading process of each disorder. Error type analysis may provide a basis to improve the educational strategies by appropriately structuring the learning process of children with TD, ASD, ADHD, and DD.
The relationship of social media addiction and family climate of students of pharmacy faculty in the shade of COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant changes in everyone’s lives. Especially with the social isolation process, people have moved their entire lives to their homes. In this case, the use of the internet in connection with the outside world has brought an important point. This situation poses a risk for social media addiction for the future. On this basis the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between social media addiction and family climate in the shade of COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, the social media addiction was studied according to demographical features as the subgoals of the study. The research group was conducted by 364 university students of pharmacy faculty. Data was collected with Demographical Information Form, Social Media Addiction Scale and Family Climate Scale. The results showed that there were negative correlations found between social media addiction and cognitive cohesion subdimension of family climate. And only cognitive cohesion predicted social media addiction significantly. Also the findings indicated that the using ratios of social media accounts during the pandemic period were increased significantly. As a result of the study, the family relationships of the students were also examined within the scope of the pandemic period and their relationship with social media addiction was emphasized. Keywords: Pandemic; Covid-19; family climate; social media addiction
Oxytocin but not naturally occurring variation in caregiver touch associates with infant social orienting

Abstract Caregiver touch is crucial for infants’ healthy development, but its role in shaping infant cognition has been relatively understudied. In particular, despite strong premises to hypothesize its function in directing infant attention to social information, little empirical evidence exists on the topic. In this study, we investigated the associations between naturally occurring variation in caregiver touch and infant social attention in a group of 6‐ to 13‐month‐old infants (n = 71). Additionally, we measured infant salivary oxytocin as a possible mediator of the effects of touch on infant social attention. The hypothesized effects were investigated both short term, with respect to touch observed during parent–infant interactions in the lab, and long term, with respect to parent‐reported patterns of everyday touching behaviors. We did not find evidence that caregiver touch predicts infant social attention or salivary oxytocin levels, short term or long term. However, we found that salivary oxytocin predicted infant preferential attention to faces relative to nonsocial objects, measured in an eye‐tracking task. Our findings confirm the involvement of oxytocin in social orienting in infancy, but raise questions regarding the possible environmental factors influencing the infant oxytocin system.
Optimal intervals for fuzzy categories of color temperature with application to image browsing

This paper presents the results of experiments for a color temperature browsing descriptor. We consider the problem of the optimal conversion of an objective value (color temperature) into a subjective category (Hot, Warm, Neutral, and Cold). The situation where subjective categories are based on an objective object attribute appears to be common while comparing interpretation of human sensors with physical sensors. The proposed optimal procedure for segmenting the color temperature partition into four disjoint intervals and the experimental results are described.
Investigating Four Navigation Aids for Supporting Navigator Performance and Independence in Virtual Reality

Abstract Turn-by-turn navigation guidance is suggested to impair users’ independent wayfinding in the physical world. However, whether this impairment issue also exists in a virtual environment is underexplored. We compare map-based and live view-based turn-by-turn navigation aids with two additional navigation aids, reference-based and orientation-based, designed to provide directional knowledge. The results of our within-subjects experiment indicate that turn-by-turn navigation aids performed worse in building spatial awareness than reference-based guidance in virtual reality. In unaided wayfinding, reference-based guidance helped users navigate most efficiently. Unexpectedly, orientation-based guidance yielded poor navigation performance, similar to the turn-by-turn navigation aids. We found that the key to skill impairment is navigators’ tendency to rely on automated instructions. This suggests that turn-by-turn navigation aids need not be avoided, but rather that caution should be exercised to avoid the tendency of mindless instruction-following. Our qualitative findings also suggest the crucial roles of the navigation context and the suitability of the navigation aid for the context.
A Cryo-CMOS Low-Noise Amplifier With 2.3-to-8.5-K Noise Temperature at 20 K for Highly Integrated Radio-Astronomy Receivers

This letter presents a 0.9–1.8-GHz cryo-CMOS low-noise amplifier (LNA) built-in standard 65-nm CMOS for highly integrated radio astronomy receivers. The measured cryogenic noise parameters confirm noise matching in the band and demonstrate that the LNA nears its minimum noise temperature at the desired frequency range. The proposed LNA operates at 20 K, consumes 115 mW of power, and provides a 37.2 ± 2.4 dB gain (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{21}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) with a noise temperature (figure) of 2.3 to 8.5 K (0.03 to 0.13 dB) and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$| S_{11}| < -10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB.
Discriminating of Some Early Maturing Wheat Genotypes under Late Sowing in North Delta of Egypt

Present study work has been undertaken to evaluate the productivity and quality of early maturity wheat genotypes under optimum and late sowing conditions. For this purpose, two field experiments were conducted on the experimental farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Field Crop Res. Inst. , ARC, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, during the two winter growing seasons of 2019/20 and 2020/21. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications to study the influence of two sowing dates on earliness, yield, and its components and quality characters of 22 early maturing beard wheat genotypes and two check cultivars (Misr 3 and Sakha 95) were studied. Each sowing date was sown in a separate experiment; the first experiment was planted on 23rd Nov. (optimum sowing date), while, the second one was on 23rd Dec. (late sowing date) in both seasons. Results indicated that optimum sowing date had significantly higher mean values for all studied characters except grain protein, wet gluten, dry gluten, and grain ash. Sakha 95 was the highest grain yield under the two sowing dates without significant differences from Line-2, Misr 3, and Line-5 under the optimum sowing date, and Line-4, Line-5, Line-2, Misr 3, Line-18, and Line-17 under late sowing date. Discriminant analysis results indicated that growing degree days played the most dominant discriminatory role in explaining the variation of the 24 wheat genotypes. Also, it could be effective in the identiﬁcation of the wheat genotypes of desirable traits for late sowing date conditions. Discriminant scores used as selection index based on earliness, yield, and its components and quality characters were suggested that the superior genotypes under overall both sowing dates were Line-2, Misr 3, and Sakha 95 in addition to Line-17 and Line-5 under late sowing date. These superior genotypes could be used under late sowing date conditions.
Comparing Strategic IT Alignment versus Process IT Alignment in SMEs

Recently researchers have begun to suggest that the study of IT alignment in SMEs should be based on organizational processes rather than on strategy. This research investigated both approaches in a comparative exploratory study of 38 SMEs in Chile and Colombia. Regression was used to compare both types of alignment against IT success. The findings did not show significant differences between strategic IT alignment and processlevel alignment although the strategic alignment approach better explained the variability of IT success (35.8%) than the process approach (18.7%). This contradicts the findings of recent research which has suggested that alignment models based on SME processes better explain IT success than models based on the company's strategy. Unexpectedly we also found that there was a very high correlation between both types of alignment (0.810). Results showed that strategic alignment could impact the relationship between Process-level alignment and IT success. Our conclusion is that in spite of the fact that few SMEs are involved with extensive and formal long-term planning, there often seems to be an implicit SME strategy that shapes the way that IT is used on processes. Despite the exploratory nature of this study, the unexpected findings may encourage other researchers to validate and deepen the understanding of our conclusions.
DFT and TD-DFT Calculations of Orbital Energies and Photovoltaic Properties of Small Molecule Donor and Acceptor Materials Used in Organic Solar Cells

DFT and TD-DFT calculations of HOMO and LUMO energies and photovoltaic properties are carried out on four selected pentathiophene donor and one IDIC-4F acceptor molecules using B3LYP and PBE0 functionals for the ground state energy calculations and CAM-B3LYP functional for the excited state calculations. The discrepancy between the calculated and experimental energies is reduced by correlating them with a linear fit. The fitted energies of HOMO and LUMO are used to calculate the Voc of an OSC based on these donors and acceptor blend and compared with experimental values. Using the Scharber model the calculated PCE of the donor-acceptor molecules agree with the experiment. It has been found that fluorine substitution can be used to improve charge transport by reducing the electron and hole reorganization energies of the molecules. It is also found that the introduction of fluorine onto the donor pentathiophene unit of the donor molecule results in a change of polarity of the distributed charges in the molecule due to the high electronegativity of the fluorine atom. The quantum chemical potential (μ), chemical hardness (η) and electronegativity (χ), and electrostatic potential maps (EPMs) are also calculated to identify different charge distribution regions in all five molecules.
Cylindrical Radial Filter Design With Application to Local Wave Field Synthesis

The cylindrical radial filters refer to the discrete-time realizations of the radially dependent parts in cylindrical harmonic expansions, which are commonly described by the cylindrical Bessel functions. An efficient and accurate design of the radial filters is crucial in spatial signal processing applications, such as sound field synthesis and active noise control. This paper presents a radial filter design method where the filter coefficients are analytically derived from the time-domain representations. Time-domain sampling of the cylindrical radial functions typically leads to spectral aliasing artifacts and degrades the accuracy of the filter, which is mainly attributed to the unbounded discontinuities exhibited by the time-domain radial functions. This problem is coped with by exploiting an approximation where the cylindrical radial function is represented as a weighted sum of the radial functions in spherical harmonic expansions. Although the spherical radial functions also exhibit discontinuities in the time domain, the amplitude remains finite, which allows application of a recently introduced aliasing reduction method. The proposed cylindrical radial filter is thus designed by linearly combining the spherical radial filters with improved accuracy. The performance of the proposed cylindrical radial filters is demonstrated by examining the spectral deviations from the original spectrum.
What is Tet2 and function in DNA methylation?-How did Tet2 alter SRY gene expression and sex determination?-What role does DNA methylation and histone modification have in sex determination?

A major event in mammalian male sex determination is the induction of the testis determining factor Sry and its downstream gene Sox9. The current study provides one of the first genome wide analyses of the downstream gene binding targets for SRY and SOX9 to help elucidate the molecular control of Sertoli cell differentiation and testis development. A modified ChIP-Chip analysis using a comparative hybridization was used to identify 71 direct downstream binding targets for SRY and 109 binding targets for SOX9. Interestingly, only 5 gene targets overlapped between SRY and SOX9. In addition to the direct response element binding gene targets, a large number of atypical binding gene targets were identified for both SRY and SOX9. Bioinformatic analysis of the downstream binding targets identified gene networks and cellular pathways potentially involved in the induction of Sertoli cell differentiation and testis development. The specific DNA sequence binding site motifs for both SRY and SOX9 were identified. Observations provide insights into the molecular control of male gonadal sex determination. Citation: Bhandari RK, Haque MM, Skinner MK (2012) Global Genome Analysis of the Downstream Binding Targets of Testis Determining Factor SRY and SOX9. PLoS ONE 7(9): e43380. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0043380 Editor: Toshi Shioda, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States of America Received March 16, 2012; Accepted July 23, 2012; Published September 12, 2012 Copyright: 2012 Bhandari et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by a United States National Institutes of Health grant to MKS. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: skinner@wsu.edu
Unit-level surprise in neural networks

To adapt to changes in real-world data distributions, neural networks must update their parameters. We argue that unit-level surprise should be useful for: (i) determining which few parameters should update to adapt quickly; and (ii) learning a modularization such that few modules need be adapted to transfer. We empirically validate (i) in simple settings and reﬂect on the challenges and opportunities of realizing both (i) and (ii) in more general settings
Use of Tocilizumab in hospitalized patients during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: The aim of this study was to characterize the use of tocilizumab in a hospital. Method: Retrospective cohort study including adult SARS-CoV-2 infected inpatients with moderately severe infection (PaO2/FiO2 < 300). ORs for mortality and treatment success were calculated. Results: The tocilizumab group (n=18), presented 5 days of symptoms vs 7 days in the untreated group (n=71). Minimum PaO2/FiO2 was 147.5 (95%CI: 116.7 to 194.0) vs 255.6 (95%CI: 320.7 to 452.4) (p=0.01). No significant differences were found between the two groups concerning survival (OR=1.22;95%CI: 0.38 to 3.92), nor treatment success (OR=0.46;95%CI: 0.16 to 1.33). After adjusting for age, sex and total corticosteroid dose, OR for success was 0.18 (95%CI: 0.03 to 0.96), while mortality was not significant. Conclusions: The use of tocilizumab in moderately severe hospitalized patients could decrease the hyperinflammatory state preventing disease progression. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Introducción: El objetivo del estudio fue estudiar la utilización de tocilizumab en un centro hospitalario Método: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo que incluyó pacientes ingresados adultos infectados por SARS-CoV-2, con una infección de gravedad moderada (PaO2/FiO2 < 300). Se calcularon las OR de mortalidad y éxito del tratamiento. Resultados: El grupo tocilizumab (n=18), tuvo 5 vs 7 días con síntomas en el grupo no tratado (n=71). El PaO2/FiO2 mínimo fue de 147,5 (IC95%: 116,7 a 194,0) versus 255,6 (IC95%: 320,7 a 452,4) (p=0,01). No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en supervivencia (OR=1,22;IC95%: 0,38 a 3,92);ni en el éxito del tratamiento (OR=0,46;IC95%: 0,16 a 1,33). Tras ajustar por edad, sexo y dosis total de corticoide, OR de éxitos fue 0,18 (IC95%: 0,03 a 0,96), mientras que mortalidad no fue significativa. Conclusiones: El uso de tocilizumab en pacientes hospitalizados moderadamente graves podría disminuir su estado hiperinflamatorio. (Spanish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Ars Pharmaceutica is the property of Facultad de Farmacia de Granada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
A Portrait of Culture-Propelled Philanthropy:

Philanthropy activism has become a fever in a plethora of social movements. In Indonesia, upper-middle-class society has taken a significant role to assist needy people. On the other hand, in the lower-middle-class society in Maro Sebo Ilir, Jambi accomplished culture-propelled philanthropy on fruit crops. The chosen fruit is durian fruit and known as ngadang duren. This article utilized in-depth interviews with a key informant and field observations of ngadang duren. It argued that ngadang duren has been conveyed for generations by the dweller in the Terusan village, Maro Sebo Ilir District. This article also asserted that Pesirah has simplified the religious teachings to obey the zakat, infaq, alms, and waqf commands to encourage the dweller in giving charity through their natural resources. Furthermore, it also argued that ngadang duren enriched the Islamic philanthropy discourses, particularly beyond the charity movement of state and non-state actors.
NUTRITIONALLY IMPROVED CHOCOLATE SPREADS – A REVIEW

Chocolate spread is one of the favourite breakfast meals and snacks among people of all generations. Increased consumption of these kinds of products with high-energy value leads to obesity and several health problems. Many researchers are trying to produce acceptable products with lower calorie values by reducing fat and sugar contents. Oleogels are one of the most explored solutions for the development of low-fat products and products with lower content of saturated fats. In addition, the fat composition of chocolate spreads can be changed to obtain a better fatty acid profile. Products with a low-sugar content have been proven to have sensory acceptability when sweeteners with low caloric value were used. In addition, researchers proved that chocolate spreads could be enriched with many different bioactive components by using by-products and minimally processed raw materials in the production process.
META ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Psychiatria Danubina, 2022; Vol. 34, Suppl. 1, pp 26-888 S860 SAS score and GAI score were significantly reduced, indicating that their mental anxiety had been effectively alleviated. Table 1. SAS and GAI scores of elderly people with mental anxiety in nursing homes before and after intervention Evaluation time Before intervention After 3 months of intervention After 6 months of intervention After 9 months of intervention SAS score 64.37±5.07 56.14±4.68 52.69±5.13 47.69±5.11 GAI score 18.24±1.16 12.01±0.89 9.94±1.08 7.52±0.93 Note: Compared with that before implementation, * P < 0.05. Conclusions: The living situation of the elderly with mental anxiety in nursing homes is not very optimistic. Therefore, on the basis of giving the elderly basic elderly care services and meeting their daily life needs, we should also accurately evaluate and analyze their mental anxiety symptoms. Intervention measures can significantly alleviate the mental anxiety of the elderly and improve their mental health level.
Health Externalities and Policy: The Role of Social Preferences

Social preferences facilitate the internalization of health externalities, for example, by reducing mobility during a pandemic. We test this hypothesis using mobility data from 258 cities worldwide alongside experimentally validated measures of social preferences. Controlling for time-varying heterogeneity that could arise at the level at which mitigation policies are implemented, we find that they matter less in regions that are more altruistic, patient, or exhibit less negative reciprocity. In those regions, mobility falls ahead of lockdowns, and remains low after the lifting thereof. Our results elucidate the importance, independent of the cultural context, of social preferences in fostering cooperative behavior. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.