Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidental emotions, integral emotions, and decisions to pay taxes

In this paper we present initial investigations of the role of emotions on tax compliance decisions. We first introduce selected emotion theories, and we also present different paths by which emotions can possibly affect tax decisions, namely indirectly via mood and emotions unrelated to the tax decision itself (or "incidental emotions") and directly via emotions that are elicited in the taxation context itself (or "integral emotions"). We then present and discuss an experimental study investigating the first path suggested above, the influence of positive versus negative mood on tax compliance. Further, we also present and analyze a study exploring emotions elicited by the taxation context. Finally, we suggest that a fruitful path for future research is the integration of emotions into the slippery slope framework of tax compliance.
Effect of lipofectamine-mediated endostatin gene therapy on human endometriosis lesions in nude mice

Objective To investigate the effect of lipofectamine-mediated endostatin gene therapy on human endometriosis lesions in nude mice.Methods Nude mice used in the present study were divided into four groups(10 each): group A(treated with pcDNA 3.1(+)-hES 20μg by injection into the lesion),group B(treated with pcDNA 3.1(+)-hES 20μg by intramuscular injection),group C(treated with pcDNA 3.1(+) 20μg by injection into the lesion) and group D(treated with the same amount of DMEM into the lesion). Development of endometriosis was observed,microvascular density(MVD) and vascular endothelial factor(VEGF) levels in the four groups were compared 21 days after treatment,and VEGF mRNA level was assessed 3 days and 7 days after treatment.Side effect was evaluated by measuring the proportion by weight of internal reproductive organ(uterus and ovary) to body mass in each group.Results The multiplication time of endometriosis lesions in the four groups were 7.49 days,7.02 days,6.67 days and 6.15 days,respectively.Inhibition ratio in group A was 90.51%,and 43.05% in group B.Twenty one days after treatment,MVD of lesion was obviously lower in group A(32±10/mm2) compared with that of group B(56±14/mm2),group C(72±12/mm2) and group D(82±19/mm2,all P0.05),while no significant difference existed between the two latter groups(P0.05). No obvious difference was found in VEGF value among the four groups 21days after treatment.Compared with groups C and D,VEGF mRNA level decreased on the 3rd day and increased on the 7th day after treatment in group A,but no change was found in group B.The proportion by weight of internal reproductive organ to body mass was lower in group A(0.008 6±0.002 5) and group B(0.008 0±0.003 4) than in group C(0.011 6±0.014 0) and group D(0.012 0±0.023 0,P0.05). Conclusions 20μg pcDNA 3.1(+)-hES gene transference is effective for the treatment of human endometriosis in nude mice.
PSORIASIS UNCOVERED - COMORBID CONDITIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO METABOLIC SYNDROME

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic immune-inflammatory-mediated disease affecting approximately 1-3% of the population worldwide. All around the world, there is growing evidence of the association between psoriasis and comorbidities, especially metabolic syndrome which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Co-morbidities are likely linked to underlying chronic inflammatory nature of psoriasis. Aim: The objectives of our study were to determine the prevalence of diabetes, lipid abnormalities, and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with plaque psoriasis, and also to investigate metabolic syndrome associated with plaque psoriasis. Material and Methods: One hundred and twenty patients with psoriasis vulgaris diagnosed clinically and histopathologically were recruited. A detailed history and examination was recorded for all study subjects, including the age and gender of the patients, extent of psoriasis, duration, and age at onset. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in the presence of three or more criteria of abdominal obesity, blood pressure >130/85 mmHg, fasting blood glucose ≥100 mg/dl, hypertriglyceridemia >150 mg/dl, and low HDL cholesterol (<40 mg/dl for males, <50mg/ dl for females). Results: Prevalence of various comorbidities was: central obesity (58.3%), hypertension (46.79%), dyslipidaemia (43.3%), diabetes mellitus (26.7%), metabolic syndrome (25%), ischaemic heart disease (5%) and stroke (2.4%). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was more in patients who had longer mean disease duration of psoriasis. Conclusions: The perception of psoriasis being merely ‘skin deep’ has to change among clinicians. Active screening for these cardiovascular comorbidities in all psoriasis patients is highly recommended.
Understanding the justifiability scale in international surveys: an exploratory study

ABSTRACT The justifiability scale (JS) is widely used to measure individual and country differences in moral attitudes. However, the validity of the instrument has been barely assessed. The current study addressed the concurrent and content validity of four popular JS items (justifiability of homosexuality, suicide, prostitution, and euthanasia). A sample of 493 Russians completed both JS and the four validated multi-item scales. Results demonstrated that multi-item scales measuring suicide, prostitution, and euthanasia attitudes explained less than half of the variance of the corresponding JS items. The JS underestimated the justifiability of homosexuality, prostitution and suicide, and overestimated the justifiability of euthanasia. The JS homosexuality item appeared to be a precise measure of attitudes towards male but less so female homosexuality. The concurrent validity of the four items was associated with item non-differentiation. We conclude that JS items should be used either after accounting for their bias, or as indicators of more abstract latent constructs.
Revisiting the values in Moral Education for Malaysian schools

In 1983, the Moral Education (ME) subject was first implemented as a core subject in primary one to non-Muslim pupils, whilst the Muslim pupils attended Islamic Education. It was implemented in stages on a year-by-year basis until form five at secondary school by 1993. The first ME syllabus covered 16 core values and 64 sub-values. In 2000, the ME syllabus was revised and the values were then reduced to 36. In 2010, the Standards Primary School Curriculum (SPSC) was introduced. As such, the ME syllabus was further revamped and it now consisted of 14 values. As the SPSC is being implemented in stages on year to year basis, it can be expected that there will be changes to the curriculum for secondary schools. This article intends to revisit the values in the ME syllabus by analysing official documents relevant to ME for Malaysian schools.
Theories and Approaches of Teaching English Prepositions

Grammatical competence is one of the prerequisites of communicative competence. So learning the grammar may be considered one of the fundamental needs. Prepositions are one of the grammatical elements of English which are undoubtedly challenging for the ESL/EFL learners around the world. So, it is essential to know the theories and approaches of teaching prepositions, following which the problems of learners may be reduced. In this paper, the traditional approach, the Collocation Approach, the Cognitive Approach and some other theories and approaches have been discussed briefly so that a certain awareness regarding the teaching of prepositions can be created.
Work-integrated learning gone full circle: How prior work placement experiences influenced workplace supervisors

This article reports of a study of workplace supervision and student experiences and outcomes through insights from semi-structured interviews with 21 graduates who had previously supervised work placement students. The study focused on questions framed from the perspective of the interviewees’ work placement experiences as a student and then as a supervisor (e.g., impact, motivation, insights for future students/supervisors, and graduate attributes). The findings from this study indicate importance of workplace supervisors setting expectations and engaging in initial planning and organizing for effective management of the work placement. Findings also suggest that the supervising can usefully take the form of mentoring, and that this provides the supervisor with professional development in self-management, effective communication and leadership. Implications for future WIL practice include utilizing workplace supervisors, particularly those who are themselves WIL graduates, to help further enhance student WIL experiences, learning outcomes, and legacies.
Does Sensitization to Food Allergens in Patients with Rhinitis Mean Food Allergy

J Allergy Ther ISSN:2155-6121 JAT an open access journal Volume 5 • Issue 2 • 1000167 Molecular based diagnostics (MD) is used to map the allergen sensitization of a patient at a molecular level, using allergen components instead of total allergenic extracts. It is increasingly entering routine care and currently, there are more than 130 allergen components available for in vitro specific IgE testing [1,2]. One of the main roles of MD is in food allergy diagnosis and prevention: resolving genuine versus cross-reactive sensitization to an allergen component, thereby improving the understanding of triggering allergens and assessing the risk of severe reactions based on defining allergen stability [1-3].
Private Benefits? External Benefits? Outcomes of Private Schooling in 21st Century Britain

Abstract Policy discourse surrounding Britain’s unusually well-resourced private schools surrounds their charitable status and their relationship with low social mobility, but informative evidence is scarce. We present estimates of the extent to which private and external benefits at age 25 are associated with attendance at private school in England in the 21st century. We find a weekly wage premium of 17 percent, and a 12 percentage point lower chance of downward social mobility. By contrast, private schooling is not significantly associated with participation in local voluntary groups, unpaid voluntary work, or charitable giving and fundraising; this finding casts doubt on claims that private schools deliver ‘public benefit’ in this way.
To Study Elemene Emulsion,Gemcitabine,and Cisplatin in the Treatment of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Objective:To explore the curative effect and other influences of elemene emulsion combined regimens containing gemcitabine and cisplatin for advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Methods: A total of 82 advanced NSCLC patients were divided randomly into two groups:a regimen of GP[(gemcitabine,G) plus(cisplatin,P)] and EGP [(elemene emulsion,E) plus(GP)]. Quality of life(QOL) was assessed by European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 and the observer score of lung cancer symptom scale(LCSS). Efficacies and toxicities were analyzed and compared after chemotherapy.Results: After treatment,the response rate(RR) was 41.5% in GP group with 1 case of complete remission(CR) and 16 cases of partial remission(PR),and 48.8% in EGP group with 2 cases of CR and 18 cases of PR.The one-year and two-year survival rates were 40.0% and 20.0% in GP group,and 45.0% and 25.0% in EGP group.The differences of RR and survival rate between the 2 groups were not significant(P0.05). The Kaplan-Meier estimator allowed to calculate the survival curves for different times,chi2(1) = 1.32,P=0.25. The major adverse reactions wereⅢ-Ⅳdegree myelo-suppression,the rates of leucopenia,neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were 46.3%,48.8% and 36.6% in GP group and they were higher than 17.1%,19.5% and 12.2% in EGP group with a statistically significant difference(P0.05). The observer score of lung cancer symptom scale showed that the post-treatment scores of appetite,fatigue and pain significantly improved in two groups.But therapeutic effect of dyspnea and emptysis was more significant in EGP group than in GP group(P0.05). Conclusions: The curative efficacy were similar between EGP regimen and GP regimens,but toxicity,especially myelosuppression,was more remarkably mild in the EGP regimen than in the GP regimen,therefore,the EGP regimen would appear to be more easy to accept for the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC.
Japanese Physical Education Preservice Teachers' Specialized Content Knowledge

The purpose of the study was to investigate the levels of specialized content knowledge 2 (SCK) in volleyball and basketball among preservice teachers (PSTs) in Japan. A total of 689 3 PSTs (female n = 258) participated in the study. Content maps were used to examine the 4 levels of SCK and were analyzed using content development categories and a formula to 5 calculate SCK index scores (Ward et al., 2017). An SCK index score of three was used to 6 differentiate mature and immature levels of SCK. Participants’ playing and teaching/coaching 7 experiences in each sport were collected through a demographic questionnaire. The findings 8 were similar in volleyball and basketball. First, more years of playing experiences helped 9 more PSTs to obtain the mature level of SCK. However, even with more than six years of 10 playing experiences, only less than half (volleyball = 33.33%; basketball = 46.66%) of PSTs 11 scored the mature level SCK. Second, obtaining teaching/coaching experiences helped more 12 PSTs to have the mature level of SCK. Finally, more PSTs who played higher than at the 13 prefecture-level scored the mature level of SCK than PSTs with lower play levels. However, 14 even at the highest playing level category (i.e., the national level or above), less than half of 15 PSTs scored a mature level of SCK. Overall, playing and/or teaching/coaching experiences 16 have some level of positive influence on developing SCK. However, even with those 17 experiences, many PSTs still scored the immature level SCK. Teacher education programs 18 need to be intentional in preparing PSTs to develop SCK.
Test of a multidisciplinary health behavior model of Medicare elders' antihypertensive acquisitions

TEST OF A MULTIDISCIPLINARY HEALTH BEHAVIOR MODEL OF MEDICARE ELDERS' ANTIHYPERTENSIVE ACQUISITIONS Ann Marie Kopitzke Old Dominion University, 2009 Chair: Dr. Karen Karlowicz This study examined the relative utility of the enhanced Health Belief Model as compared to the proposed Pharmaceutical Acquisition Model for Medicare Elders (PAMME) in describing antihypertensive acquisition with usage intentions for Medicare elders (65 years or older) in Southeastern Virginia. Data collection included record reviews to identify hypertensive Medicare elders. Consenting Medicare elders were randomly selected for invitation, with consenting Medicare elders contacted by telephone or inperson interviews. The survey instrument utilized open and closed ended questions. The target population for this study is Southeastern Virginia Medicare elders enrolled in a Part D plan and prescribed at least one antihypertensive. This study employed a quasiexperimental, retrospective, mixed methods design. A combination of primary and secondary data was obtained through telephone, face-to-face interviews and administrative record review. This study retrospectively examined antihypertensive acquisition experiences of Southeastern Virginia's Medicare elders, to explore how the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 affected out-of-pocket costs and antihypertensive acquisitions. Analyses employed aggregate-based information to test the research hypotheses. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS Version 16. The majority (94 percent) of Medicare elders were able to legally acquire their antihypertensives. When comparing the enhanced Health Belief Model (HBM) with the Pharmaceutical Acquisition Model for Medicare Elderly (PAMME) the HBM has 95.5 while 96.2 indicating slightly increased prediction with the added constructs of Medication Adherence and Consumer Choice Theory. This study confirms other research findings regarding Medicare elders' beliefs about generics with the majority (71.6 percent) who believe that the generic works just as well as the name brand. The complexity of antihypertensive acquisition decisions and beliefs about hypertension continue to provide a challenge for researchers. While this study has furthered our understanding of what factors influence legal antihypertensive acquisitions, much research remains to be conducted to fully comprehend the multidimensional constructs of hypertension and antihypertensives.
Prognostic factors in periampullary adenocarcinoma. A retrospective study over an 11 year period.

Periampullary adenocarcinoma, including pancreatic cancer, has a poor prognosis that has not improved in the last decades. Therefore, in order to find more effective treatment regimens, it is necessary to gain more insight into the biology and clinical behaviour of these tumours. This thesis entails a thorough histopathological characterization of retrospectively collected tumours from a consecutive cohort of patients with resected periampullary adenocarcinoma, followed by tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical studies of eight candidate protein biomarkers. Tumours were classified as being of pancreatobiliary type (PB-type) or intestinal type (I-type), using histological criteria, and all biomarker analyses were performed in strata according to morphological type. In Paper I, histopathological studies showed that a standardized and meticulous protocol for assessment of the surgical specimens, as well as blind revisions of slides, had impact on the decision on tumour origin, the number of involved lymph nodes and involved margins. The biomarker studies in Paper II revealed that expression of the global gene regulator special AT-rich sequencebinding protein 1 (SATB1) was an independent factor of poor prognosis in PB-type tumours. SATB1 expression, however, also indicated a better response to adjuvant chemotherapy, in particular in I-type tumours. A closely related protein, SATB2, was found to be expressed in a few tumours only, making it difficult to draw any firm conclusions on its prognostic value. In Paper III, biomarker studies on proteins related togemcitabine metabolism revealed that a high ratio between cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of human protein R (HuR) indicated resistance to chemotherapy in PB-type tumours. In I-type tumours, high expression of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) was a favourable prognostic factor and high expression of deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) indicated sensitivity to chemotherapy. In Paper IV, biomarker studies on the human epidermal growth factor receptors 1-3 (HER1-3) revealed a potential negative predictive effect of high EGFR (HER1) expression in relation to adjuvant chemotherapy in PB-type tumours. Six percent of I-type tumours had high expression of HER2, and gene amplification was confirmed in assessable cases. In I-type tumours, high expression of HER3 was a favourable prognostic factor, but not independent of other prognostic factors. Several of the potentially treatment predictive associations described in this thesis are novel, and may be of clinical interest if the results can be repeated in other cohorts and if the mechanistic basis is understood. The results presented here must be however be interpreted with caution, since the cohort is retrospective and many tests have been made. (Less)
Individual Sanctions of Competition Law: A Comparison between the UK and Turkey

It is a highly advocated view that a competition law with sanctions targeting individuals would achieve a greater deterrent impact than one that does not. Having introduced individual sanctions does not, however, guarantee that a market would have less anticompetitive conduct, because these sanctions are effective only insofar as they are severely implemented on wrongdoing individuals. UK competition law is one example of this issue because cases where individuals have been targeted and punished are significantly fewer than the authorities expected, in spite of it being more than 15 years since individual sanctions were introduced amidst high expectations. This article examines the individual sanctions of competition law in the UK and Turkey. It argues that Turkey is on the right path by departing from the way in which EU law enforces the rules of competition law, and is moving closer to UK law. However, it is argued that further steps should be cautiously considered to avoid the same issues which UK competition law is currently experiencing, as there are serious doubts that the latter has achieved the desired deterrent effect.
Experimental constraints on subglacial rock friction

Abstract Subglacial rock friction is an important control on the sliding dynamics and erosive potential of hard-bedded glaciers, yet it remains largely unconstrained. To explore the relative influence of basal melt rate, effective stress and ice temperature on frictional resistance, we conducted abrasion experiments in which limestone beds were slid beneath a fixed slab of ice laden with granitic rock fragments. Shear stress scales linearly with melt rate and cryostatic stress, confirming that both viscous drag and effective stress are first-order controls on the contact force in drained conditions. Furthermore, temperature gradients in the ice increase the contribution of viscous drag on basal shear stress. In all experiments, the relationship between melt rate and shear stress is best explained by a model that accounts for the effects of regelation and viscous creep on the bed-normal drag force. We interpret this to mean fluid flow around entrained clasts contributed to basal drag even at subfreezing temperatures. Incorporating premelting dynamics into the Watts/Hallet model for subglacial rock friction, we find that the predicted debris-bed drag decreases by approximately an order of magnitude, with a corresponding ~3.5 × increase in the transition radius. This is lower than we observe for ice slightly below the pressure melting point.
Self-Regulation in Transition: A Case Study of Three English Language Learners at an IEP

Self-Regulation in Transition: A Case Study of Three English Language Learners at an IEP Allison Wallace Baker Department of Linguistics, BYU Master of Arts This longitudinal qualitative research case study analyzed how international students in their first semester at an intensive English program (IEP) managed their English language learning experiences while transitioning to a new academic learning environment. Their experiences of cultural and educational transition were viewed through the lens of self-regulatory learning habits and behavior. Three linguistically and internationally diverse students who identified as highly self-regulated learners through Likert-scale questionnaire responses were interviewed at the beginning, middle, and end of their first semester at a large universityaffiliated IEP in the western part of the US. The three students came from Central America (Spanish speaking), Sub-Saharan Africa (Malagasy & French speaking), and Asia (Mandarin Chinese speaking). Semi-structured interviews yielded data about what self-regulated learning (SRL) principles and practices the students brought with them to the IEP and which SRL principles and practices were maintained, newly developed, or not used throughout their first semester. Data collected from the semi-structured interviews about their transition experiences were organized and analyzed within a six-dimensional model of SRL that included how students managed their motives, in-class and out-of-class learning methods, time, physical environments, social environments, and language performance. Implications for researchers, administrators, and teachers are discussed, including the role of resilience as an important self-regulated learning practice for language learners.