Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influencing Factors and Prediction of Hydraulic Conductivity in Fine-Textured Alkaline Soils

Hydraulic conductivity is an essential parameter in hydrological cycle studies. Determination of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) in fine-textured, especially alkaline, soils is a difficult process and takes time. In this study, the effects of some soil properties on Ks in fine-textured alkaline soils were determined, and Ks values were predicted using pedotransfer (PTF) models. Ks, which varied between 0.011 and 0.625 cm h−1 in 64 different soil samples, significantly decreased with increasing exchangeable Na percentage (ESP), sodium absorption ratio(SAR), exchangeable Na (exch. Na), and clay content of soils. The correlation coefficients were divided into a series of direct and indirect effects of the soil properties on Ks by path coefficients. The direct effects of selected properties on Ks were in the following order; exch. Na (42.6%) > ESP (37.0%) > clay (21.3%) > CEC (16.8%) > SAR (9.7%) > pH (8.4%) > silt (6.4%) > electrical conductivity (EC) (0.8%). The highest indirect effect on Ks was obtained with EC (43.0%) mediated by exch. Na. Accuracy and reliability of PTFs were assessed with the average of root mean square error (RMSE) and R2 values in the training and testing data sets, respectively. Using clay and silt fractions together with EC, exch. Na, ESP, or SAR in the second order equations significantly increased the accuracy and reliability of PTFs. Exchangeable Na was one of the most important soil properties that affected Ks directly in these soils. Using soil chemical properties in PTFs with soil physical properties showed that saturated Ks values can be predicted more accurately in fine-textured alkaline soils.
Al2O3 passivated InAlN/GaN HEMTs on SiC substrate with record current density and transconductance

In this work, we study the scaling characteristics of In0.17Al0. 83N/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). Scaling of both the DC and RF performance are studied as a function of InAlN thickness, gate recess and gate length to explore the design space of high frequency InAlN/GaN devices. Surface passivation by Al2O3 deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD) is also investigated as an alternative to SixNy passivation. The fabricated devices give record maximum drain current density and transconductance (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nanospheres, Nanocubes, and Nanorods of Nickel Oxalate: Control of Shape and Size by Surfactant and Solvent

The role of surfactant and solvent in the size and morphology of nickel oxalate particles synthesized from reverse micelles was investigated. Nanorods of nickel oxalate with aspect ratios of 5:1 and 6:1 were formed from n-hexane and cyclohexane, respectively. Our studies show that the bulkiness of the solvent molecules leads to larger dimensions of the nanorods. The surface charge on the nanorods also plays an important role in the anisotropic growth of the nanorods. Negative ζ potential values were observed for the nanorods, which may have a bearing on the growth of the rods along the cross-section, especially with surfactant molecules having positively charged headgroups (CTAB). The rodlike morphology could be modified by changing the surfactant. For example, we obtained nanoparticles ∼5 nm in size when the surfactant was changed from CTAB to TX-100, and nanocubes (∼50 nm in dimension) were formed with Tergitol as the surfactant. Our study shows that a larger headgroup of the surfactant (TX-100) provide.
Synthesis of Molybdenum Nanowires with Millimeter-Scale Lengths Using Electrochemical Step Edge Decoration

Molybdenum (Mo0) nanowires with diameters ranging from 13 nm to 1 μm and having lengths of up to 500 μm have been synthesized by a two-step process involving the electrodeposition of molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface followed by reduction of the MoO2 nanowires at 500 °C to form molybdenum metal. MoO2 nanowires were electrodeposited reductively from an alkaline MoO42- solution using a low overpotential of 30 μm-1) of MoO2 nuclei was formed along each step edge on the graphite surface. With continued growth, MoO2 nuclei that were 10−15 nm in diameter coalesced with adjacent nuclei along the step edge to form continuous nanowires having approximately this same diameter. Longer deposition times, tdep, produced smooth MoO2 nanowires with diameters proportional to tdep1/2. These nanowires had a uniform diameter and a .
Theobromine induced seminiferous tubular lesion with elevated serum testosterone levels in male Wistar rats

Concentrations of serum testosterone, albumin, transferrin, total serum protein and testicular histology of male albino wistar rats were evaluated following administration of 700mg/kg body weight theobromine in 0.5ml 14% sodium acetate for seven days. Theobromine administration produced significant increase in serum testosterone concentration (P 0.05) compared with the control and there were seminiferous tubular lesions. The results suggest in part, structural damage on the tubules which may affect its function but the extent to which its function is impaired is not known. Keywords : theobromine, seminiferous tubular lesion, serum testosterone and proteins Biokemistri Vol. 17(2) 2005: 123-128
5‐Chloro‐2‐methylisothiazolin‐3‐one: intermolecular two‐dimensional networks via unusual C—Cl...O=C interactions

The title mol­ecule, C4H4ClNOS, contains an essentially planar five-membered ring. The C C(=O) bond is slightly longer than expected. In the crystal structure, two-dimensional networks are formed through inter­molecular C—Cl⋯O=C inter­actions [Cl⋯O = 2.9811 (19) A].
Asynchronous High Quality Factor STW-Resonators with Sectioned Reflectors and Gradually Increasing Period of the Electrodes

This paper presents the calculated and measured data for the influence a sectionalization of the reflectors with electrodes aperiodicity on the quality factor of the asynchronous 1-port surface transverse waves (STW) resonators. Asynchronous topology of the STW-resonator is make by the specified ratio between the electrode period in the IDT and reflectors. The topology optimization of the STW-resonators with sectioned reflectors was provided with a computer calculation using the mixed matrix method. It was shown that use of the sectional reflectors with gradually increasing periodicity results to increasing the quality factor up to 11500 for asynchronous 700-800 MHz STW-resonators on 36°YX90° cut quartz.
0.94 µm diode lasers based on Stranski-Krastanow and sub-monolayer quantum dots

A comparative analysis is made of laser diodes based on Stranski-Krastanow (SK) and sub-monolayer (SML) InAs/GaAs quantum dots, emitting at about 940 nm. Owing to the better uniformity of sub-monolayer quantum dots, the SML QD laser surpasses the SK QD one in power characteristics. A maximum output power of 3.9 W and a peak power conversion efficiency of 59% have been achieved for SML QD 100 µm wide lasers at 10 °C.
Plasma polymerization and deposition of amorphous hydrogenated silicon from rf and dc silane plasmas

Films of amorphous hydrogenated silicon were deposited from silane and disilane plasmas in a planar diode reactor using rf and dc excitation. Substrate temperature (Ts), total pressure (pT), interelectrode spacing (d), and excitation power (P) were systemically varied. Films were characterized in terms of H content and bonding, optical gap (Eo), ambipolar diffusion length (ld), and performance in p‐i‐n solar cell structures. The extent of silane polymerization to disilane and higher homologs by homogeneous plasma reactions is indicated as a dominant factor in controlling the composition and properties of a‐Si:H deposited form rf‐ and dc‐excited silane plasmas. The optimization of film properties at Ts=230 °C is found to be independently controlled by P, pT, and d inasmuch as they determine the degree of plasma polymerization. Films prepared under conditions promoting plasma polymerization resemble films made from SiH4–Si2H6 mixture feedstocks with nonpolymerizing conditions, exhibiting increased H content.
Solution Thermodynamics of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids and Water

This work presents the vapor−liquid equilibrium and the liquid−liquid equilibrium phase behavior and associated thermodynamic properties of water with three ionic liquids: 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]), 1-n-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C8mim][PF6]), and 1-n-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C8mim][BF4]). Although water stable, these compounds are hygroscopic, so the uptake of water vapor is an important issue. Due to the negligible volatility of ionic liquids, we were able to measure vapor−liquid equilibrium using a gravimetric microbalance, which was designed to measure adsorption on solids. The Henry's law constants range from 0.033 to 0.45 bar, with infinite dilution activity coefficients ranging from slight positive deviations from Raoult's law to as high as 8.62. The enthalpies and entropies of absorption are similar to those for the absorption of water into alcohols. In addition, we present water/ionic liquid liquid−liquid equilibria,.
Thermodynamic and Photoelectrochemical Behavior of the n ‐ TiO2 Electrode in Fluoride‐Containing Solutions

Abstract : Diagrams of the stable and metastable electrochemical equilibria for the system Ti - HF - H20 at 25 C have been constructed. Increased solubility of titanium dioxide in fluoride containing solutions has been found to occur over a narrow range of solution pH near 3.2. On the basis of the thermodynamic diagrams, appropriate conditions for etching n-Ti02 semiconductor electrodes were chosen. The etching solutions prepared for the n-Ti02 semiconductor electrodes showed very good surface-cleansing properties. A photoetching process under anodic bias is recommended for the preparation of the n-Ti02 surface for the purpose of use in solar energy converters. The doping profile in the space-charge layer which forms during the photoetching treatment is more effective for splitting the electron-hole pair created in a working electrochemical solar cell. Photocurrent-voltage characteristics obtained for n-Ti02 electrodes in F- solutions do not fit the Butler-Gartner equation, since the Butler-Gartner equation does not correctly describe photoeffects on medium and heavily doped semiconductor electrodes. From the chronovoltamperometric and coulometric study of the reactions taking place at electrode potentials negative of the flat-band potential, only the first step of the Ti02 reduction to lower oxides is reversible. (Author)
Enhanced electron field emission properties from hybrid nanostructures of graphene/Si tip array

Highly efficient with excellent stability electron field emitters based on monolayer graphene coated on well-aligned Si tip (graphene/SiT) arrays fabricated by a simple transfer method are demonstrated. The graphene monolayer is coated on the Si tip array using a chemical vapor deposition process, while the SiTs are prepared through the etching process of a Si substrate. The novel heterostructure field emitter enhanced electron tunneling, as a result, exhibits a better emission property. In addition, the fabricated microplasma devices based on the graphene/SiT heterostructure are closely correlated to the field emission properties of the graphene/SiT materials. The monolayer graphene supported on vertical SiTs provides the protruded nanostructure, which locally enhances the electric field and thus improves the field emission and the plasma illumination characteristics.
Bioseparation Engineering. Purification of Lactoferrin by Expanded-bed Column Chromatography.

鉄との親和性が強く，種々の生理活性を示す有用な蛋白質であるラクトフェリンを，吸着剤としてストリームラインSPを用いたエクスパンデッドベッドカラムにより，脱脂乳から分離精製した．脱脂乳中でのラクトフェリンのストリ-ムラインSPへの吸着はラングミュアの等温式にしたがった．溶離液として用いたりン酸緩衝液中でもラングミュアの等温式にしたがい，吸着量は緩衝液中のNaCl濃度の増加とともに著しく減少した．エクスパンデッドベッドでの空塔速度約150cm/hの高速処理で純度ほぼ90%のラクトフェリンが90%に近い回収率で得られた．
Adsorption studies of water on copper, nickel, and iron using the quartz‐crystal microbalance technique: Assessment of BET and FHH models of adsorption

In the atmospheric corrosion of copper, nickel, and iron, the adsorption of water affects the corrosion rates. Knowledge of water adsorption and metal oxyhydroxide formation is important in understanding the atmospheric corrosion process. The purposes of the present research were (1) to measure the adsorption of water on metal surfaces as a function of temperature and relative humidity (RH) and (2) to assess Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) model and Frenkel‐Halsey‐Hill (FHH) model for water adsorption. In the present research, the quartz‐crystal microbalance (QCM) technique was used to measure the mass changes of copper, nickel, and iron at 0 to 100% RH and 7–90°C under nitrogen environments. Less water was adsorbed on copper, nickel, and iron which formed oxides than on gold. BET and FHH models could not fit the data points with single functional relationships. ΔH oads values were calculated using modified BET method and they decreased with temperature.
Mesoporous Titania Nanotubes: Their Preparation and Application as Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

Rights © 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: (2007), Mesoporous Titania Nanotubes: Their Preparation and Application as Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. Adv. Mater. , 19: 3016-3020, which has been published in final form at https://onlinelibrary.wiley. com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adma.200602189. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving
Photoenhanced currents in pentacene layers

Photoenhanced current measurements carried out on polycrystalline pentacene layers are presented. A new approach to the description of the photoenhanced current is proposed. The inclusion of generation and recombination processes induced by oxygen centres enables us to explain the experimental current-voltage and current-light intensity relations.
Zinc Fertilizer Solubility and Its Effects on Zinc Bioailability Over Time

ABSTRACT Studies have found that low water-soluble zinc (Zn) sources are not as effective in supplying Zn for plant use as highly water soluble ZnSO4·2H2O. However, there is a question as to the residual effects of Zn from low water-soluble fertilizers on subsequent crops. The objective of this greenhouse study was to determine the relationship between water solubility of Zn fertilizers and Zn availability over four cropping periods. Three Zn fertilizers with 99.7, 56.0, and 6.0% water solubility were evaluated at rates equivalent to 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 kg Zn ha− 1. Four consecutive corn (Zea mays, L.) crops were grown in pots to the V-10 growth stage to determine Zn residual effects. Zinc fertilizer was only applied to the first crop, requiring subsequent corn crops to use residual Zn for nutrient needs. Results show that Zn sources with medium and low water solubility did not become more available over time, nor did they supply enough Zn to meet the crop's needs. The highly water-soluble source was effective in supplying Zn for two crops, after which plants showed Zn deficiencies. Zinc fertilizers of low solubility do not increase plant-available Zn over time. These results complement our previous research, and support the conclusion that Zn fertilizers of low water solubility are ineffective Zn sources for corn.
NH4CoPO4·H2O microbundles consisting of one-dimensional layered microrods for high performance supercapacitors

Unique layered NH4CoPO4·H2O microbundles consisting of one-dimensional layered microrods are firstly synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. As a result of novel layered structures, there are many nanolayered channels for the diffusion of ions and electrolytes. The preliminary supercapacitor investigation indicates that the specific capacitance of layered NH4CoPO4·H2O microbundle electrodes reaches up to 662 F g−1 at a current density of 1.5 A g−1 and remains at 520 F g−1 even at 15.0 A g−1. The cycle test shows excellent cycling performance of layered NH4CoPO4·H2O microbundle electrodes (the retention 92.7% of initial specific capacitance after 3000 cycles).
Molecular Trajectory Calculations

The earliest recorded thoughts about the study of chemical reactions by means of classical trajectories on potential energy surfaces are those of Eyring & Pol­ anyi (I) when they succeeded in calculating an approximation to the H3 poten­ tial by an empirical treatment of the London equation (2 ). Hirschfelder, Eyring & Topley (3, 4) discussed the dynamics of the H + Hz exchange reaction, basing their description of a reactive encounter upon a laboriously computed trajectory which they illustrated on a plot of the London-Eyring-Polanyi (LEP) H3 poten­ tial energy surface (1,2). Thc frustrations encountered in the first attempts to evaluate such trajectories (3) revealed that at that time the perspicacity­ technology gap was large and positive.z Instead of waiting for the gap to close, Evans & Polanyi (5) widened it somewhat by analyzing the effects on "thought trajectories" of the amount of repulsion between products in the activated complex. They concluded that the reaction energy should appear as product­ molecule vibration in the absence of repulsion between the product molecules. Less than a decade after its invention, Wall, Hiller & Mazur began using a high speed electronic digital computer to calculate trajectories on the LEP surface. Not only could the computer supply enough collinear trajectories for the calcula­ tion of reaction probabilities (6), but it also allowed a few full three-dimensional calculations to be made (7). The way was now cleared, if not yet paved, for Newton to make his posthumous contribution to chemistry .
Eye Tracking in the Wild: Piloting a Real-Life Assessment Paradigm for Older Adults

Previous research showed associations between personality traits and eye movements of young adults in the laboratory. However, less is known about these associations in real life and in older age. Primarily, there seems to be no paradigm to assess eye movements of older adults in real life. The present feasibility study thus aimed to test grocery shopping as a real-life assessment paradigm with older adults. Additionally, possible links between personality traits and eye movements were explored. The sample consisted of 38 older individuals (M = 72.85 years). Participants did their grocery shopping in a supermarket while wearing an eye tracker. Three key feasibility issues were examined, that is (1) wearability of the eye tracker during grocery shopping, (2) recording, and (3) evaluation of eye movements in a real-life context. Our real-life assessment paradigm showed to be feasible to implement and acceptable to older adults. This feasibility study provides specific practical recommendations which may be useful for future studies that plan to innovatively expand the traditional methods repertoire of personality science and aging research by using eye tracking in real life.
Humid Bonding with a Water-Soluble Adhesive Inspired by Mussels and Sandcastle Worms

Inspired by mussels and sandcastle worms, a water-soluble adhesive is prepared by grafting catechol and phosphoric acid functionalities to the polyoxetane backbone, which achieves improved adhesion in humid environment. The adhesive is characterized by H-1 and P-31 NMR spectroscopy and size-exclusive chromatography. The influence of the content ratio of catechol and different phosphoric acid groups and the Fe3+ ions as the crosslinker on the outcome of the adhesive properties is investigated. When the molar ratio of Fe3+ to catechol and PO4 is 1/1 and 0.7/1, respectively, the best bonding strength of 0.35 MPa is achieved for the adhesive containing 5 mol% catechol and 26 mol% bis-phosphoric acid groups under humid conditions. It is found out that Fe3+ interacts not only with the catechol, but also with the bis-phosphoric acid groups, which accounts for its performance in humid conditions.
Stereological analysis of spatial surface processes

The aim of the project presented here is to study statistical properties of surface intensity estimators using the model‐based approach to stationary surface structures. The class of estimators investigated enables a clear description of second order quantities in the anisotropic case, where the geometry of the surface structure, sampling design and observation window interact in a complex manner. Although the paper does not deal with real data, it includes theoretical examples and offers the readers a better understanding of stereological formulas up to second moments.
Exploration of Natural and Artificial Sequence Spaces: Towards a Functional Remodeling of Membrane-bound Cytochrome P450

Abstract Two complementary methods are described that associate in vitro and in vivo steps to generate sequence diversity by segment directed saturated mutagenesis and family shuffling. A high-throughput DNA chip-based procedure for the characterization and potentially the equalization of combinatorial libraries is also presented. Using these approaches, two combinatorial libraries of cytochrome P450 variants derived from the CYP1A subfamily were constructed and their sequence diversity characterized. The results of functional screening using high-throughput tools for the characterization of membrane P450-catalyzed activities, suggest that the 204–214 sequence segment of human CYP1A1 is not critical for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon recognition, as was hypothesized from previous data. Moreover, mutations in this segment do not alter the discrimination between alkoxyresorufins, which, for all tested mutants, remained similar to that of wild-type CYP1A1. In contrast, the constructed CYP1A1–CYP1A2 mosaic structures, containing multiple crossovers, exhibit a wide range of substrate preference and regioselectivity. These mosaic structures also discriminate between closely related alkoxyresorufin substrates. These results open the way to global high-throughput analysis of structure–function relationships using combinatorial libraries of enzymes together with libraries of structurally related substrates.
Freezing Effects on Food Quality

Fundamentals of food freezing: fundamental aspects of the freezing process. Muscle food products: red meats poultry and poultry products fish and seafoods cured and processed meats. Fruits and vegetables: fruits vegetables. Dairy and egg products: freezing of dairy products effects of freezing, frozen storage and thawing on eggs and egg products. Cereals and baked products: effects of freezing, frozen storage and thawing on dough and baked goods.
Combinatorial ‘library on bead’ approach to polymeric materials with vastly enhanced chiral recognition

A general screening method for enantiomer recognition is introduced for the rapid preparation of novel chiral stationary phases for HPLC in which libraries of mixed chiral selectors are immobilized on polymer beads and the resulting chiral phases tested in the separation of racemic targets followed by deconvolution to afford an optimized separation medium.