Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On-chip high-order harmonic generation in gases

We report on the eﬃcient generation of high-order harmonics in helium gas inside complex glass micro-devices fabricated by femtosecond laser micromachining. By exploiting the three-dimensional capabilities and extreme ﬂexibility of this fabrication technique we developed ﬂuidic micro-structures in a fused-silica substrate that allowed us to achieve accurate control of the gas density inside a micrometer-sized microchannel. As a result, we achieved a broadband spectrum of XUV radiation which extends up to 200 eV and we observed a considerable increase in the harmonics generation eﬃciency if compared with traditional harmonic generation in gas jets. We foresee that the application of femosecond-laser-micromachined glass devices to high-order harmonics generation can be extended to more complex on-chip systems including diﬀerent functionalities, thus opening the possibility to future miniaturization of XUV and Attosecond beamlines.
The flexibility requirements for power plants with CCS in a future energy system with a large share of intermittent renewable energy sources

This paper investigates flexibility issues of future low-carbon power systems. The short-term power system impacts of intermittent renewables are identified and roughly quantified based on a review of wind integration studies. Next, the flexibility parameters of three types of power plants with CO 2 capture are quantified, and used in a power system model of The Netherlands to determine the technical and economic feasibility. We find that coal-fired power plants with CO 2 capture achieve higher load factors and short-term profits than gas-fired plants in future power systems, and that those coal-fired plants are flexible enough to balance high levels of wind power. Selection and/or peer-review levels of wind power generation were investigated with the REPOWERS model. Our preliminary
Effect of Psychological Education based on Olson's Model on Family Cohesion of Schizophrenic Patients in Bushehr, Iran

Background: Family cohesion affects health, mental and physical well-being, academic achievement, and emotional health of the family with disturbance of family environment and feelings of depression, aggressive behaviors and delinquency, and disruption of family members' self-concept. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of psychological education based on Olson's model on family cohesion of schizophrenic patients in Bushehr. Method: The research method was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest and follow-up design. The statistical population consisted of 425 patients in all families of schizophrenic patients who were treated in the province's medical centers (both governmental and non-governmental) in Bushehr in 2019. The sample size in this study will be 30 parents of schizophrenic patients. All of them had inclusion criteria and were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental and control group. Data obtained by Faces-IV Scale and analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and post-test by Spss.22. Results: The results showed that psychological training based on the Olson model effectively improved family cohesion of schizophrenic patients (p<0.001). Conclusion: Providing psychological services is necessary to promote and cohere the families of schizophrenic patients, so it can be said that psychological training based on family cohesion and flexibility can be used to promote and cohere the families of schizophrenic patients and provide the ground for their psychological care.
Dialect proficiency and Mandarin rating in dialect identification: The case of Jiangsu province

Abstract This paper investigated origin identification in Jiangsu province, China. In total, ten localities were involved, including nine from Jiangsu province and the city of Beijing. Listeners were presented with recordings of forty speakers (four speakers from each locality) speaking local Mandarin and were asked to identify the region of origin of the speaker and score their Mandarin. Results revealed significant effects of speaker dialect and listener dialect in the identification of speaker origin. Firstly, listeners were able to make distinctions between speakers of Jiangsu province dialect and speakers of non-Jiangsu province dialect (Beijing speakers). Secondly, listeners from Jiangsu province were significantly better than non-Jiangsu listeners at correctly identifying the origin of speakers. In addition, we found significant effects of speaker gender, speaker dialect proficiency, listener dialect proficiency, and speaker Mandarin rating on the identification accuracy of speaker origin in individual analyses of dialect areas.
Novel balanced composite right‐/left‐handed unit and its application in multiband power divider

A novel balanced composite right‐/left‐handed (B‐CRLH) unit is proposed and discussed. The B‐CRLH structure is composed of two inverted L‐type lines and two parallel rows of interdigital strips that are vertical to the two L‐type lines, respectively. Dispersion relation of the structure features a balanced property and a nonlinear phase response. To characterize this structure, the T‐type equivalent circuit model is established and verified by simulation. Compared with the traditional CRLH unit of the same dimension, this symmetric configuration, eliminating the undesired resonances occurred in interdigital strips, achieves wider operating bandwidth. According to the electromagnetic characteristics of the proposed structure, multiband equal split Wilkinson power dividers are realized by replacing the quarter‐wavelength transmission line with B‐CRLH units. In addition, a dual‐band power divider (PD), a quad‐band PD and a sextuple‐band PD based on the novel B‐CRLH units are designed, fabricated, and measured. Good agreement is achieved between the simulated and measured results. The experimental results show that the dual‐band PD based on one B‐CRLH unit operates at 2.16 and 3.54 GHz, and the two bandwidths can reach 34 and 25.2%. The operation frequencies of the quad‐band PD based on two B‐CRLH units are 1.49, 2.12, 2.89, and 3.72 GHz, with the input return loss better than 14 dB. The sextuple‐band PD denotes equal power division at 1.34, 1.71, 2.19, 2.77, 3.40, and 4.03 GHz, which includes three B‐CRLH units. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:1100–1107, 2017
Research on widened nulling under drastic interference angle shaking

The adaptive beam-forming algorithm can aim at the direction of jammer automatically.But when the antenna platform vibrates or interference moves quickly,it is possible that the mismatching occurs between adaptive weight and data due to the perturbation of the interference location.Here an adaptive beam-forming null widening technology is deduced by utilizing the numerical method of correlated variance matrix according to the rotation of the steering vector.By tracing the deviation of angle,this method is well suitable to nulling widening with great shaking angle.The interference can still be suppressed well even in the situation where the interference direction and data dismatch,so that the robustness of the algorithm is improved.
Doherty power amplifier with dynamic load modulation for wireless communications

In this article, Doherty power amplifier (DPA) with dynamic load modulation (DLM) is proposed for wireless communications with high peak‐to‐average ratio (PAR) signals. The proposed DPA with DLM operates as a conventional DPA from peak to 6‐dB back‐off powers, and DLM starts to operate at lower power than 6‐dB back‐off. The DPA with DLM was designed using 6‐W GaN high mobility transistors (HEMTs) at 1.85 GHz. The fabricated DPA with DLM shows a power‐added efficiency (PAE) of 44.7% at 10‐dB back‐off power of continuous‐wave input signal, which is 5% higher than that without DLM. Dynamic measurement was also carried out using 3.84 MHz W‐CDMA signal with 7.4 dB PAR. The measurement of the DPA with DLM exhibits an average PAE of 32.1% at output power of 27.1 dBm, and adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) of −45.1 dBc, which corresponds to 6.1% improvement in PAE compared with the DPA without DLM.
Quantized superfields

We construct quantized free superfields and represent them as operator‐valued distributions in Fock space starting with the Majorana field. We then analyse the algebras generated by free component quantum fields together with the Susy generators Q, $ \bar Q $. This enables us to obtain the quantized chiral superfield by finite Susy transformation from its scalar component. To get hermitian superfields we study by the same method a second scalar field algebra from which various scalar superfields can be obtained by exponentiation. Next we investigate the vector algebra and use it to construct the massive vector superfield. Surprisingly enough, the result is totally different from the vector multiplet in the literature. It contains two hermitian four‐vector components instead of one and a spin‐3/2 field similar to the gravitino in supergravity.
The temperature dependence of saturation magnetization of γ‐Fe2O3/SiO2 magnetic nanocomposite

The saturation magnetization of ferrimagnetic nanoparticles of γ‐Fe2O3 that are isolated in an amorphous SiO2 matrix, has a high increase when the temperature decreases from 300 to 77K. In this case, the relative variation (69.7 magnetization corresponding to bulk ferrite (9.5 is attributed to the narrowing of the paramagnetic layer that exists at the surface of nanoparticles; with the decrease of temperature, the mean magnetic diameter, and implicitly the magnetic moment of the particles increases, which in turn leads to an increase of the saturation magnetization. The existence of the paramagnetic layer is a result of the modification of the superexchange interaction between iron ions at the nanoparticle surface, due to the distortion of the crystalline network in the presence of the silica matrix. Based on the experimental results we propose a core‐shell model that explains the abnormal increase of the saturation magnetization of γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles dispersed in a silica matrix compared to bulk γ‐Fe2O3.
Music to My Ears: Developing Kanji Stroke Knowledge through an Educational Music Game

: Millions of people worldwide are taking up foreign languages with logographic writing systems, such as Japanese or Chinese. Learning thousands of characters necessary for literacy in those languages is a unique challenge to those coming from alphabetic backgrounds, and sustaining motivation in the face of such a momentous task is a struggle for many students. Many games exist for this purpose, but few offer production memory practice such as writing, and the vast majority are thinly veiled ﬂashcards. To address this gap, we created Radical Tunes—a musical kanji-writing game—which combines production practice with musical mnemonic by assigning a melody to each element of a character. We chose to utilize music as it is a powerful tool that can be employed to enhance learning and memory. In this article, we explore whether incorporating melodies into a kanji learning game can positively affect the memorization of the stroke order/direction and overall shape of several Japanese characters, similar to the mnemonic effect of adding music to text. Speciﬁcally, we conducted two experimental studies, ﬁnding that (1) music improved immersion—an important factor related to learning; and (2) there was a positive correlation between melody presence and character production, particularly for more complex characters.
Innovative Mars Global International Exploration (IMaGInE) mission

This paper presents the conceptual design of the IMaGInE (Innovative Mars Global International Exploration) Mission whose mission objectives are to deliver a crew of four astronauts to the surface of Deimos and a robotic exploration mission to Phobos for approx-imately 343 days during the years 2031 and 2032, perform surface excursions, technology demonstrations, and In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) of the Martian moons as well as site reconnaissance for future human exploration of Mars. This is the winning mission design of the 2016 Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concepts-Academic Linkage (RASC-AL) competition, awarded with the "Best in Theme," "Best Overall," and "Pio-neering Exceptional Achievement Concept Honor (PEACH)" prizes. This competition was sponsored by NIA and NASA.
Detection and compensation of control valve stiction

Presence of oscillation or large variability in control loops results in decreased economical advantage to process plants due to inferior quality products, larger rate of rejections, reduced average throughputs and overall increased energy requirements. Oscillation may arise due to physical and non-physical causes. Mechanical problem in control valves is a common physical cause. Among the physical problems of control valve which produces oscillations in the control loop, stiction is often referred as hidden culprit. This study presents a novel noninvasive stiction detection method which requires only routine operation data. It has been shown that the presence of stiction in control valve produces signals containing odd harmonics. The proposed method estimates frequencies, amplitudes and phases of control error signals and examines harmonic relations among them. The presence of odd harmonics indicates the presence of stiction in the control valve. The method has been validated by simulation and pilot plant experimentation. The proposed method has also been evaluated by using benchmark industrial data sets and found to perform better than currently available other stiction detection methods. Detection of control valve stiction and it’s remedial action are two separate tasks. Oscillations of the process variables due to the presence of stiction in the control valve can’t be stopped until valve maintenance. Normally, maintenance of sticky valves in the industry is usually carried out in a scheduled outage. If immediate actions can’t be implemented after the detection of sticky valve, industry continues to incur economic losses from the harmful effect of stiction such as early wear-off of the valve stem, reduced valve life and production of off-spec products. Thus, an effective stiction compensation method to remove the harmful effects of stiction on the process plant is a long felt desire of the industry. In this study, the performance of a self tuning adaptive controller in the presence of stiction was studied. PI and PID type adaptive controllers’ efficacy has been studied as a compensator for valve stiction.
Grammatical Error Correction via Supervised Attention in the Vicinity of Errors

This study proposes a new supervised attention mechanism for grammatical error correction, which is trained to focus the encoder-decoder attention to each word in the corrected sentence on words adjacent to corresponding words in the error sentence. Experiments on the CoNLL 2014 test set show that the performance of a Transformer-based grammatical error correction model, Copy-Augmented Transformer, can be improved by 0.73 F 0 . 5 points by incorporating our proposed attention mechanism.
A Method of Power Flow Database Generation Base on Weighted Sample Elimination Algorithm

With the rapid development of urban power grids, distributed renewable energy sources and adjustable loads have increased significantly, resulting in more complex operation conditions, increasing the difficulty of power flow calculations. The usage of artificial intelligence technology to assist in calculating power flows for large-scale urban grids has a wide range of application prospects. It is currently difficult to generate enough grid operation database with controlled distribution for artificial intelligence (AI) method research. Data is one of the important factors affecting the performance of deep learning algorithms, and the lack of research on data distribution characteristics also hinders the performance of deep learning algorithms. The distributional characteristics of data sets in high-dimensional feature spaces are difficult to represent and measure, and the algorithm design process is prone to encounter curse of dimensionality. This paper proposed a novel method for generating databases to improve the solving efficiency of data-driven power flow calculation problems. The proposed method removes samples based on the characteristics of data distribution. It constructs two databases, namely the blue noise distribution database and the variable density boundary enhanced distribution database. Compared with the classical stochastic sampling database, the proposed boundary-enhanced variable density (BEVD) database has significantly improved the judgment accuracy of power flow convergence. Finally, the China Electric Power Research Institute-36 (CEPRI-36) bus system is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The judgment accuracy was improved by 2.91%–9.5%.
Nutrient Partitioning and Dynamics in Coriaria nepalensis Wall Dominated Shrublands of Degraded Hills of Kumaun Himalaya

Coriaria nepalensis is one of the shrubs which have the ability to mitigate the frequency of perilous natural events or natural calamities. This paper elucidates the nutrient dynamics of C. nepalensis shrublands in degraded hills of Kumaun Himalaya. The average nutrient concentration (N, P, and K) in aboveground components of C. nepalensis was in the following order: Foliage > Twigs > Branches > Bole wood, whereas in belowground components the order was: Fine roots > Lateral roots > Stump root. The order of contribution to total nutrient storage in vegetation was: Tree > Herbs > Shrubs. The proportion of nutrients stored in the shrub layer was in the order: N > K > P. The soil stored a maximum proportion of nutrients at each site (79.48–87.54% N, 70.47–87.88% P, 74.33–88.27% K). Maximum nutrient storage in soil and vegetation was recorded for site 3 (Barapatthar) and minimum for site 1 (Pines). The uptake of N, P, and K by vegetation ranged from 428 to 1,353 kg ha–1 yr–1, 32–102 kg ha–1 yr–1, and 109–479 kg ha–1 yr–1, respectively. In the present study, the turnover time was 1.06–1.33 years for N, 1.03–1.15 years for P, and 1.02–1.13 years for K. Compartment models reflect the distribution of nutrients and net annual flux that will help to develop the management plan to maintain the fertility and productiveness of the degraded sites.
Contrasting Associations Between Heart Rate Variability and Brainstem-Limbic Connectivity in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Its Dissociative Subtype: A Pilot Study

Background Increasing evidence points toward the need to extend the neurobiological conceptualization of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to include evolutionarily conserved neurocircuitries centered on the brainstem and the midbrain. The reticular activating system (RAS) helps to shape the arousal state of the brain, acting as a bridge between brain and body. To modulate arousal, the RAS is closely tied to the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Individuals with PTSD often reveal altered arousal patterns, ranging from hyper- to blunted arousal states, as well as altered functional connectivity profiles of key arousal-related brain structures that receive direct projections from the RAS. Accordingly, the present study aims to explore resting state functional connectivity of the RAS and its interaction with the ANS in participants with PTSD and its dissociative subtype. Methods Individuals with PTSD (n = 57), its dissociative subtype (PTSD + DS, n = 32) and healthy controls (n = 40) underwent a 6-min resting functional magnetic resonance imaging and pulse data recording. Resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of a central node of the RAS – the pedunculopontine nuclei (PPN) – was investigated along with its relation to ANS functioning as indexed by heart rate variability (HRV). HRV is a prominent marker indexing the flexibility of an organism to react adaptively to environmental needs, with higher HRV representing greater effective adaptation. Results Both PTSD and PTSD + DS demonstrated reduced HRV as compared to controls. HRV measures were then correlated with rsFC of the PPN. Critically, participants with PTSD and participants with PTSD + DS displayed inverse correlations between HRV and rsFC between the PPN and key limbic structures, including the amygdala. Whereas participants with PTSD displayed a positive relationship between HRV and PPN rsFC with the amygdala, participants with PTSD + DS demonstrated a negative relationship between HRV and PPN rsFC with the amygdala. Conclusion The present exploratory investigation reveals contrasting patterns of arousal-related circuitry among participants with PTSD and PTSD + DS, providing a neurobiological lens to interpret hyper- and more blunted arousal states in PTSD and PTSD + DS, respectively.
Does Environmental Regulation Promote the Volatility of Technological Progress? —Analysis Based on the Law of Entropy Generation

The existing literature show that there are uncertainty about the impact of environmental regulation on technological progress, and the digital financial inclusion is closely related to environmental regulation and technological progress. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to study the effect of environmental regulation on the volatility of technological progress with digital financial inclusion as the threshold variable by using the System GMM method and the dynamic threshold model. The sample employed in this paper is collected from 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2018. The findings show that: first, environmental regulation insignificantly promotes the volatility of technological progress; second, the interaction term between environmental regulation and digital financial inclusion significantly inhibits the volatility of technological progress; third, taking digital financial inclusion as the threshold variable, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental regulation and the volatility of technological progress. In addition, this paper uses the law of entropy generation to explain the theoretical mechanism of this study. The empirical results of this paper emphasize that digital financial inclusion is of great significance to improve the efficiency of China’s environmental regulation and maintain the stability of technological progress, which is conducive to accelerating the green transformation of China’s economy. Therefore, the state should introduce relevant policies to support and promote the digitalization and inclusion of finance, so as to help improve China’s environmental quality.
Ultra-Low Oxygen and Preconditioning Storage Regulate Ethylene Synthesis to Prevent Corky Disorders in ‘Fuji’ Apple

Corky disorders in apples represent a significant problem for long-term storage where controlled atmosphere (CA) is mainly used. Ultra-low oxygen (ULO) is an alternative to CA, which consists of low partial pressure of O2 to maintain a low metabolism in the apple fruit, achieving an effective decrease in the ethylene production and physiological disorders. The aim of this research was to study the effectiveness of a short hypoxia period on the development of cork physiological disorders during the storage of apple. ‘Fuji’ apples were prestored under ULO (0.5 kPa O2) for two periods of time (15 and 30 days) and at two temperatures (0 or 5°C). Corky physiological disorders increased at 5°C prestorage temperature; however, ULO treatments for 15 or 30 days at 0 or 5°C achieved a significant reduction in corky disorders near to 1%, compared with control treatments. In addition, a considerable reduction in ethylene production for up to 30 days was observed in ULO-treated fruit at 0 and 5°C. ULO for 30 days at 0 and 5°C increased the internal production of ethanol and acetaldehyde, causing a lower sensory quality due to the presence of fermentative flavors in fruit stored at 5°C. ULO of 15 days of conditioning decreased the relative expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes MdACS1 and MdACO1, resulting in lower ethylene production.