Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Placing blame or a call to action? An analysis of Uwezo in the Kenyan press

Citizen-led assessments were developed in the mid-2000s to gather evidence on children’s learning outcomes following the rapid increase in primary student enrolment in the developing world. Integral to their philosophy is social accountability and community engagement. While most large-scale assessments focus on test-based accountability to promote policy shifts, citizen-led assessments, utilizing the information-accountability causal chain, theorize that information of low learning outcomes, disseminated widely, will engage stakeholders in activities and debates, ultimately leading to improvements in education quality and service delivery. This paper examines Uwezo, the oldest citizen-led assessment in East Africa, and its portrayal in the Kenyan print media. I explore whether discourse concerning Uwezo exposes education quality issues while promoting citizen engagement and how Uwezo’s social accountability philosophy is used in public discourse through the lens of political evolutionary mechanisms. I find that Uwezo’s findings were prominently discussed beginning in 2013, but that shock value of low learning levels has since decreased. Moreover, public discourse has highlighted cross-national and provincial/county comparisons in achievement levels while focusing on blaming teachers and the education system’s culture. Although Uwezo has succeeded in disseminating its findings widely in Kenya, there is minimal engagement in public discourse with its social accountability and community engagement philosophy and discourse does not promote citizen action on a national level. As Uwezo has become a respected education policy player in East Africa, and globally, it must find ways to engage communities to act upon its findings to directly improve education quality.
Immediate Implant Placement and Provisionalization in the Esthetic Zone Revisited: The Marginal Migration Concept (MMC)

Immediate implant placement and provisionalization in the esthetic zone is a desirable approach that presents several advantages but at the same time embosses several risk factors that can lead to sever esthetic complications. The purpose of this article was to propose a new protocol that could allow for the maintenance and even the improvement of the hard and soft tissue topography, leading to superior esthetic results. The proposed protocol, when certain criteria are met, could be applied even for cases where the extraction socket morphology is currently proposed as a contra-indication for immediate implant placement and provisionalization.
Processing negation: An introduction to the special issue

This special issue is devoted to any aspect related to processing negation from a computational perspective. The call for papers was broad and welcomed contributions describing theoretical insights, annotation schemes and corpora, empirical studies on processing and representing the meaning of negation, and applications that beneﬁt from processing negation. We received 15 submissions and 6 articles were accepted for publication after a thorough review process. The special issue opens with a survey describing recent advances in processing negation (Blanco and Morante 2020). Six articles describing new research follow. These six articles can be grouped based on two criteria: the languages they work with and whether they process negation in order to improve some application. Three articles work with English texts (Schulder, Wiegand, and Ruppenhofer 2020; Barnes, Velldal, and Øvrelid 2020; Sykes et al . 2020), and three articles work with texts in other languages: Spanish (Jiménez-Zafra et al . 2020; Taul et al . 2020), and French and Brazilian Portuguese (Dalloux et al . 2020). Regarding applications, three articles present work on processing negation for sentiment analysis (Jiménez-Zafra et al . 2020; Schulder et al . 2020; Barnes et al . 2020), two work in the biomedical domain (Dalloux et al . 2020; Sykes et al . 2020), and one presents a corpus with focus on negation annotations (Taul et al . 2020). In the remaining of this introduction, we brieﬂy summarize the articles in this special issue. Schulder et al . (2020) present a methodology to generate lexica for sentiment polarity shifters such as alleviate and failure . They present a bootstrapping approach combining classiﬁers
New Fault Slip Distribution for the 2010 Mw 7.2 El Mayor Cucapah Earthquake Based on Realistic 3D Finite Element Inversions of Coseismic Displacements Using Space Geodetic Data

In this work, we investigate the April 4, 2010, Mw 7.2 El Mayor Cucapah (EMC) earthquake. Existing studies modeled the EMC area as an elastic half‐space in a homogeneous or vertically layered structure, which, along with differences in data and inversion methodologies, led to considerable variability in the resultant fault slip models. To investigate the EMC earthquake more realistically, we first examine how published coseismic fault slip models have approached the problem and what are their findings, then we select the optimal geometry and slip of one most recent and comprehensive coseismic fault slip model, obtained through analytical inversions, and adapt them in a three‐dimensional finite element numerical environment where we assess the effects of topography and material heterogeneities. Numerically optimized slip models are obtained via joint inversion of GPS, interferometric synthetic aperture radar, and subpixel offset data sets. We find the effect of topography to be negligible while the inclusion of material heterogeneities enhances the slip at depth, as might be expected where the medium has higher rigidity, and better fits the displacements at both near and far field, especially around the Salton Sea area. The match with geodetic data is significantly improved when the fault slip is increased at the fault planes close to the epicenter and deeper at the southernmost plane, with respect to the slip of the chosen analytical model. Our findings suggest that this earthquake was associated with a higher and more spatially concentrated slip than previously thought implying a greater stress drop at depth.
Rurality, gay-related rejection sensitivity, and mental health outcomes for gay and bisexual men

Abstract Introduction Gay and bisexual (GB) men report anxiety about rejection based on sexual identity. The impact rejection has on GB men’s mental health was investigated to understand how rejection impacts positive psychological constructs (hope and self-compassion), as well as anxiety, depression, and internalized homophobia. Rurality was also considered. Methods Data from 154 GB men were analyzed via linear regression. Results Results showed higher levels of gay-related rejection were associated with decreased self-compassion and hope agency and increased depressive symptoms and anxiety. No associations with rurality were found. Conclusion Implications include suggestions for practitioners in helping GB men with self-compassion and hope.
A model for silicon‐oxide breakdown under high field and current stress

A recently developed self‐consistent model for gate‐oxide degradation due to charge injection, described in a companion paper, is expanded to include electrical ‘‘wear out’’ breakdown. In the present work, gate‐oxide breakdown is defined to occur when the density of generated neutral trapping sites reaches a critical threshold value at the anode. Breakdown experimental results obtained under constant tunneling current are treated and simulated. The new model deals successfully with oxide breakdown dependence on: injection history, gate‐oxide thickness, charge‐injection current density, injection polarity reversal, gate electrode material, and oxide anneal temperatures.
Growth of large area few-layer or monolayer MoS2 from controllable MoO3 nanowire nuclei

Here, we report a novel intermediate state (core–shell MoO3–MoS2 nanowires) in the synthesis of large area few-layer or monolayer MoS2 films on Si/SiO2 substrates coated with 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (PTCDA) using a chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method. In our experiments, water vapor present in the carrier gas (N2) should help enhance the interaction between PTCDA and MoO3. In the intermediate state, the morphology of the nuclei is controlled to be nanowires with 20–180 nm diameters and 30–70 μm lengths. We investigate the formation mechanism of the nucleation-controlled intermediate state and the formation process of monolayer MoS2 using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), photoluminescence (PL), Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. We also describe a method to control the diameter of the nanowires and the stacking of the nanowires into MoS2 nanosheets on the substrate, which is meaningful for producing large area and highly crystalline MoS2 monolayers.
The 2020 European Short-Selling Ban and the Effects on Market Quality

Abstract Responding to the dramatic price declines during the Covid-19 pandemic, six European countries introduced short-selling bans in March 2020. We analyze how these restrictions affected the market quality by comparing countries with and without bans. We observe for ban countries relatively lower market liquidity and trading volumes and wider bid-ask spreads. Moreover, regulators’ aim to prevent price declines and reduce volatility failed, as ban and no-ban countries reveal no differences and prices increased. Our results clearly detail the negative market-quality effects resulting from bans, especially for smaller markets and firms. Consequently, this regulatory interference did not protect but harmed investors.
Distributed non-fragile containment control of nonlinear multi-agent systems with time-varying delays

ABSTRACT Distributed containment control for multi-agent systems with time delay is investigated, where the communication topology is directed. Different from the existing literature which mainly focuses on general linear dynamics with time delay, containment control of nonlinear dynamics is discussed with the help of a new follower-based time-varying delays control protocol. Furthermore, there always exist uncertainties in the controller and observer gain matrices, a novel class of non-fragile containment control with time delay is addressed for the first time, which can be more applicable and more significant to real physical systems. By making use of the convex analysis, algebraic graph theory, matrix transformation and Lyapunov theory, it is derived that the obtained results are cast as feasible linear matrix inequalities and the states of the followers finally converge to the convex hull formed by the leaders. Finally, two simulation examples of nine-agents topology are presented to verify the validity of obtained theoretical analysis.
Rubin commissioning camera: integration, functional testing, and lab performance

Rubin Observatory’s Commissioning Camera (ComCam) is a 9 CCD direct imager providing a testbed for the final telescope system just prior to its integration with the 3.2-Gigapixel LSSTCam. ComCam shares many of the same subsystem components with LSSTCam in order to provide a smaller-scale, but high-fidelity demonstration of the full system operation. In addition, a pathfinder version of the LSSTCam refrigeration system is also incorporated into the design. Here we present an overview of the final as-built design, plus initial results from performance testing in the laboratory. We also provide an update to the planned activities in Chile both prior to and during the initial first-light observations.
Countercurrent Chromatographic Purification of Polysaccharides from Achyranthes bidentata with an Aqueous Two‐Phase System Using a Cross‐Axis Coil Planet Centrifuge

Abstract Polysaccharides were purified from a high molecular weight complex of Achyranthes bidentata Bl. (Fam. Amaranthaceae) root by high speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) using a cross‐axis coil planet centrifuge (X‐axis CPC). The purification was performed with an aqueous polymer two‐phase system composed of 12.5% (w/w) polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000, 8% (w/w) potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 8% (w/w) dipotassium hydrogen phosphate buffer at pH 6.8. The preparative separation of the crude sample (2 g) was successfully performed, yielding 1.1 g of polysaccharides at high purity.
Corporate Sustainability: It’s Mine! Effect of Green Product Psychological Ownership on the Environmental Behavior and Performance of Employees

Green shared vision (GSV) has provided a research prototype for past green management research topics; however, few studies have examined the confusion related to environmental issues among employees. Therefore, to fill the aforementioned research gap, this study used psychological ownership theory and expectancy–valence theory to establish a research framework for GSV. This study explored the relationships of GSV with employee green confusion (EGC) and employee environmental performance (EEP) as well as the mediating effect of green product psychological ownership (GPPO) on these relationships. The research results indicate that GSV positively affects GPPO, EGC, and EEP. Moreover, GSV also influences behavior and performance through personal psychological processes. Thus, if an enterprise wishes to establish GSV, it must adopt a series of supporting measures, including improving members’ GPPO, to effectively reduce EGC and improve EEP to realize the goal of sustainable development.
Polymer Micelles as Building Blocks for Layer-by-Layer Assembly: An Approach for Incorporation and Controlled Release of Water-Insoluble Dyes

We describe the use of block copolymer micelles as building blocks for incorporation of water-insoluble dyes and then fabricate multilayer films by alternating deposition of the polymer micelles of poly(styrene-b-acrylic acid) and poly(diallyl-dimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). Pyrene, a small organic molecule that is difficult to assemble by the usual methods, was incorporated into the micelles and then assembled into multilayer film. The growth procedure of the multilayer films was monitored by UV−vis and fluorescence spectroscopies, and the results revealed that the multilayer films grew in a uniform way in every deposition cycle. In-situ and ex-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) images proved the existence of block copolymer micelles in LbL films. Furthermore, pyrene molecules assembled can be released from the multilayer films by immersing the films into solutions of different ionic strength. Micelles with different core−shell structures exhibited different release rates of pyrene. These films have p.
Analysis of strengthened short deficient rubberized concrete-filled steel tubular columns

Concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns are broadly used in many structural systems for their well-known merits. This paper presents a finite element investigation on the structural behaviour of short circular deficient steel tubes filled with rubberized concrete (RuC), under axial compressive load. To accomplish this study, a validation of the proposed three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model; using ANSYS software; was carried out showing good accurateness. The analysis involved two different concrete mixes with 5% and 15% replacement of fine aggregate volume with crumb rubber particles. Columns strength reduction due to horizontal or vertical deficiencies was handled by increasing the thickness of the steel tube or wrapping the columns with two different types of FRP sheets. Five strengthening arrangements were studied using GFRP sheets and CFRP sheets. The results indicated that the ultimate bearing capacity of the RuCFST columns was increased with increasing the steel tube thickness. application of FRP sheets for strengthening the deficient RuCFST columns efficiently managed to retrieve the strength-lost due to either horizontal or vertical deficiency. Moreover, an enhancement in the columns’ ductility was observed especially when using GFRP sheets
Personality and masculinity-femininity traits as predictors of music preferences

Music is a powerful tool for emotional and social communication. It connects and brings people together, and serves as a medium to express their emotions. Music listening is a ubiquitous leisure activity and is used by people for different purposes. For years, researchers have studied the psychological aspects of music and its impact on people. The current study focuses on exploring a correlation between music genre preferences and personality traits in young adults (18-30 years, N=120). It also tries to find a possible relationship between music preferences and masculinity-femininity traits. Since the previous studies have majorly been conducted in Western countries, the current study examines the individual differences and their impact on the choice of music in the Indian population. Standardized tools were used for the assessment. The findings corroborated the earlier studies and observed a relationship between individual differences and music preferences. A positive correlation was found between Extraversion and Energetic & Rhythmic music (i.e., dance/electronic and hip-hop music). Agreeableness was found to be negatively correlated with Intense & Rebellious music (i.e., heavy metal, rock music). A relationship between masculinity-femininity traits and music preferences was also determined. Expressive traits were negatively correlated with Intense & Rebellious music and instrumental traits were found to be positively correlated with Energetic & Rhythmic music. The results also revealed some gender differences. Future investigations are required to determine the extent to which music listening behaviours serve as a reflection of personality.
An Android Malware Detection Model Based on DT-SVM

In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of Android malware detection, an Android malware detection model based on decision tree (DT) with support vector machine (SVM) algorithm (DT-SVM) is proposed. Firstly, the original opcode, Dalvik opcode, is extracted by reversing Android software, and the eigenvector of the sample is generated by using the n-gram model. Then, a decision tree is generated via training the sample and updating decision nodes as SVM nodes from the bottom up according to the evaluation result of the test set in the decision path. The model effectively combines DT with SVM. Under the premise of maintaining a high-accuracy decision path, SVM is used to effectively reduce the overfitting problem in DT and thus improve the generalization ability, and maintain the superiority of SVM for the small sample training set. Finally, to test our approach, several simulation experiments are carried out, and the results demonstrate that the improved algorithm has better accuracy and higher speed as compared with other malware detection approaches.
Preparation and release behavior of carboxymethylated chitosan/alginate microspheres encapsulating bovine serum albumin

Microspheres were prepared from carboxymethylated chitosan (CM-chitosan) and alginate by emulsion phase separation. Their structure and morphology were characterized with IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was encapsulated in the microspheres to test the release behavior. The swelling behavior, encapsulation efficiency, and release behavior of BSA from the microspheres at different pHs and with a pH-gradient condition were investigated. The BSA encapsulation efficiency was calculated to be 80%. The degree of swelling of the microspheres without BSA loaded at pH 7.2 was much higher than that at pH 1.0. The encapsulated BSA was quickly released in a Tris–HCl buffer (pH 7.2), whereas a small amount of BSA was released under acid conditions (pH 1.0) because of the strong electrostatic interaction between NH2 groups of CM-chitosan and COOH groups of alginic acid and a dense structure caused by a Ca2+ crosslinked bridge. For the simulation of the processing of the drug under the conditions of the intestine, the microspheres were tested in a pH-gradient medium, in which an acceleration of the release occurred at pH 7.4 after a lag time at a low pH (5.8–6.8). At pH 7.4, a large amount of BSA was released from the microspheres in a short time because of the rapid swelling of the microspheres. However, the release only depended on the diffusion of BSA at relatively low pHs, this resulted in a relatively low release. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 878–882, 2004
Emission Reduction Potential of Different Types of Finnish Buildings through Energy Retrofits

Energy retrofitting of buildings shows great potential in reducing CO2 emissions. However, most retrofitting studies only focus on a single building type. This paper shows the relative potential in six Finnish building types, to identify possible focus areas for future retrofits in Finland. Data from previous optimization studies was used to provide optimal cases for comparison. Energy demand of the buildings was generated through dynamic simulation with the IDA-ICE software. The cases were compared according to emissions reduction, investment and life cycle cost. It was found that, in all buildings, it was possible to reduce emissions cost-neutrally by 20% to 70% in buildings with district heating and by 70% to 95% using heat pumps. Single-family homes with oil or wood boilers switching to heat pumps had the greatest emission reduction potential. More stringent requirements for energy efficiency could be mandated during building renovation.
Effect of alkaline and alkaline earth ion exchanged Y zeolites on electrical conductivity and response of PEDOT-PSS/Y zeolite composites toward SO2

Abstract This work reports on the association between a conductive polymer and zeolite framework towards SO2. Responses and the interaction mechanism of conductive polymer/zeolite composite sensors were investigated. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)–poly(styrene sulphonic acid) (PSS) complexes were prepared at a 1∶1 molar ratio of EDOT/PSS. The adsorption properties of the faujasite zeolite (sodium form), with a Si/Al mole ratio of 5·1, were modified by changing the existing cation with alkaline and alkaline earth metal. The composites were fabricated to investigate the effects of zeolite content (vol.-%) and cation type (univalent cation: H+, Li+, Na+ and K+; divalent cation: Mg2+, Ca2+ and Ba2+) of faujasite zeolite type Y on electrical conductivity response when exposed to SO2. The highest electrical conductivity response and sensitivity belonged to the PEDOT-PSS/KY zeolite composite. The different cation types in the Y zeolite can fine tune the adsorption–desorption properties, which influenced the electrical sensitivity of the composite. The composites showed reversibility to detect SO2.