Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Movement patterns of two carangid species in inshore habitats characterised using network analysis

Carangids are important ecological components of coastal and reef habitats, in addition to their economic significance as a target species for some fishers. Despite these important ecological and economic roles, little information is available on the movement ecology of these species. Passive acoustic monitoring was used to track the movements of 16 giant trevally Caranx ignobilis and 20 golden trevally Gnathanodon speciosus in Cleveland Bay off the coast of Queensland, Australia. Long-term observations of behaviour and movement were recorded via a network of acoustic receivers, and a network analysis approach (a novel, alternative approach to conventional movement analysis) was applied to the collected data. Tagged individuals were present in the study region between 30 and 394 d (mean +/- SD: 166 +/- 116 d) with a mean +/- SE residency index of 0.7 +/- 0.1. Notable inter-annual variation occurred with individuals that were detected on more days and more receivers, moved more frequently, and were more resident in some years than in others. In addition, movement patterns differed between species, with C. ignobilis being detected on fewer days by fewer receivers and moving less than G. speciosus. Network analysis revealed that a combination of factors including ontogeny, foraging niche, and habitat influences may explain differences in space use between the species. These results highlight unique behaviours between co-occurring and closely related species and enhance our understanding of animal interactions in inshore habitats.
Pollen Morphology of Herbaceous Peonies with Different Ploidy Levels

A BSTRACT . The pollen morphology of 26 cultivars of herbaceous peony ( Paeonia L.) was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pollen grains of the cultivars were mostly subprolate to perprolate, tricolporate, or ellipsoidal in equatorial view, but rounded-triﬁd in polar view. The poles of pollen grains were mainly ﬂat when viewed in cross-section and only a few appeared to have a circular or arc shape. In addition, the surface of the pollen grains was psilate, and the muri were partly or fully protuberant with a reticulate surface sculpture. However, the shapes and sizes of pollen grains as well as surface ornamentation varied signiﬁcantly among cultivars with different chromosome numbers. The pollen grains from diploid cultivars were regular and full, and the reticulation holes were evenly distributed, while most of the pollen grains from triploid cultivars were empty ﬂat shells with some heteromorphic pollen whose surface ornamentation was mostly rugulate-reticulate exine. The pollen grains from tetraploid cultivars were the largest although pollen morphology and surface ornamentation differed between Athena and Cream Delight. Six indices [polar axis length (P), equator axis length (E), P/E, pollen perforation diameter (D), ridge width (W), and D/W] were used in Q cluster analysis, which divided the 26 cultivars into three groups. Group I included eight diploid, four triploid, and one tetraploid cultivar. Group II included 12 triploid cultivars with complex genetic backgrounds. Group III included only one tetraploid cultivar Cream Delight. This work may provide an important palynological basis for studying taxonomy and hybrid breeding of herbaceous peony cultivars.
Efecto de la doble inoculación de rizobios y micorrizas sobre la producción y calidad del forraje de Leucaena leucophala

This work was aimed at evaluating the effect of double inoculation with rhizobiosEntrophospora colombiana and Glomus sp. On Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) plants 30, 60,90 and 120 days after germination. Agronomic, microbiological and chemical composition variables were evaluated. The treatment (T9) which included consecutive inoculation with C-202 E. colombiana and Glomus sp. , displayed the best agronomic and microbiological response, reflected in the highest forage production and nutritional quality, greatest b3 protein and phosphorus content. The mycorrhizal strains evaluated presented different behaviour and there was little efficiency in the treatment without inoculation. This corroborates the need for using double inoculation with native strains from effective arbuscular mycorrhizal associated with L. leucocephala to achieve greater production for this legume.
Evidence of structural balance in spatial ecological networks

of these networks presents some difficulties over the analysis of networks with only one type of interactions, being necessary the use of new methodologies or theoretical frameworks (like the use of multilayer networks, Mucha et al. 2010, Boccaletti et al. 2014, Kivelä et al. 2014). Networks which include positive and negative links are called signed networks and have been mostly considered theoretically (Harary et al. 1953, Zaslavsky 1982, Traag and Bruggeman 2009) and used to study social networks (Leskovec et al. 2010, Szell and Thurner 2010, Szell et al. 2010, Facchetti et al. 2011), while being ignored in other contexts such as ecological systems. Signed networks exhibit a property called structural balance, which is based on how nodes organize in subgroups within the network (Cartwright and Harary 1956). A signed network is said to be balanced if it can be partitioned into groups of nodes in such a way that 1) every pair of connected nodes within the same group share a positive link, and 2) links between nodes within different groups have a negative sign (Doreian and Mrvar 2009). Structural balance is associated with the resilience of social networks because it prevents the appearance of conflicts that might disrupt the system (Cartwright and Harary 1956). However, real networks rarely organize in a perfectly balanced way (i.e. some links do not fulfill the criterion for structural balance), and the deviation from perfect balance is called ‘frustration’ Ecography 40: 733–741, 2017 doi: 10.1111/ecog.02561 © 2016 The Authors. Ecography © 2016 Nordic Society Oikos Subject Editor: Miguel Araújo. Editor-in-Chief: Miguel Araújo. Accepted 14 May 2016
Greenhouse gas emissions in response to straw incorporation, water management and their interaction in a paddy field in subtropical central China

ABSTRACT A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of combination of straw incorporation and water management on fluxes of CH4, N2O and soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) in a paddy field in subtropical central China by using a static opaque chamber/gas chromatography method. Four treatments were set up: two rice straw incorporation rates at 0 (S1) and 6 (S2) t ha−1 combined with two water managements of intermittent irrigation (W1, with mid-season drainage) and continuous flooding (W2, without mid-season drainage). The cumulative seasonal CH4 emissions for the treatments of S1W2, S2W1 and S2W2 increased significantly by 1.84, 5.47 and 6.63 times, respectively, while seasonal N2O emissions decreased by 0.67, 0.29 and 1.21 times, respectively, as compared to S1W1 treatment. The significant increase in the cumulative Rh for the treatments S1W1, S2W1 and S2W2 were 0.54, 1.35 and 0.52 times, respectively, in comparison with S1W2. On a seasonal basis, both the CO2-equivalents (CO2e) and yield-scaled CO2e (GHGI) of CH4 and N2O emissions increased with straw incorporation and continuous flooding, following the order: S2W2>S2W1>S1W2>S1W1. Thus, the practices of in season straw incorporation should be discouraged, while mid-season drainage is recommended in paddy rice production from a point view of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) control in corn

Soltani, N. , Shropshire, C. and Sikkema, P. H. 2011. Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifidaL.) control in corn. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 577-581. Twelve field trials (five with PRE and seven with POST herbicides) were conducted over a 4-yr period (2006-2009) on various Ontario farms with heavy giant ragweed infestations (22 plants m-2) to determine the effectiveness of preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicides for the control of giant ragweed in corn. Atrazine, dicamba, dicamba/atrazine, isoxaflutole plus atrazine, mesotrione plus atrazine, saflufenacil, and saflufenacil/dimethenamid applied PRE provided 9-52, 60-80, 64-83, 44-77, 33-80, 36-80, and 43-63% control of giant ragweed, reduced giant ragweed density 55, 45, 59, 64, 68, 73, and 77% and reduced giant ragweed shoot dry weight 60, 89, 90, 87, 83, 81, and 78%, respectively. Atrazine, dicamba, dicamba/diflufenzopyr, dicamba/atrazine, 2,4-D/atrazine, bromoxynil plus atrazine, prosulfuron plus dicamba, primisulfuron/dicamba, mesotrione plus atrazine, topramezone plus atrazine, and bentazon/atrazine applied POST provided 46-94, 70-90, 69-84, 82-94, 56-83, 59-76, 66-84, 71-81, 49-81, 34-78, and 26-84% control of giant ragweed, reduced giant ragweed density by 65, 82, 71, 82, 76, 76, 59, 65, 59, 47, and 71% and reduced giant ragweed shoot dry weight by 97, 99, 97, 99.6, 98, 98, 95, 97, 95, 88, and 96%, respectively. Based on these results, dicamba/atrazine provided the best and most consistent control of giant ragweed in corn of the PRE and POST herbicides evaluated.
The chemopreventive activities and molecular mechanisms of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) tea

viii List of contents . xii List of figures . xxi List of Tables . xxiii Acknowledgements . xxv Chapter 1 . 1 Chapter 2 . 28 Chapter 3 . 48 Chapter 4 . 78 Chapter 5 . 102 Conclusion . 117
HIGH EXPRESSION OF HMOX1 IN BLUE-SHELLED CHICKENS IS ASSOCIATED WITH A TG HAPLOTYPE

HMOX1 is an important gene in biosynthesis of the eggshell pigment of blue eggs. Previous studies found that HMOX1 is highly expressed in the shell gland of hens laying blue eggs (BlueH) compared with hens laying brown eggs (BrownH); however, the reasons for the differential expression are unclear. In this study five single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in HMOX1 were genotyped in 111 BlueH and 115 BrownH. The association of haplotypes of these SNP with the blue egg phenotype was tested. Haplotype-specific expression of HMOX1 was detected in the shell gland. The interaction of sequence variants and transcription factors was analyzed using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). A TG haplotype covering upstream 1.4 kb region of HMOX1 was significantly associated with blue eggs (p<0.05). Furthermore, the birds (n=12) with the haplotype expressed 3.8 fold more transcripts than those (n=12) without the haplotype (p<0.05). After re-sequencing a 2.2 kb region harboring the TG haplotype, a total of 26 SNP were found, of which a SNP was predicted to create a binding site of Nrf2, a transcription factor initiating HMOX1 expression. However, subsequent EMSA failed to confirm the Nrf2-DNA interaction. Taken together, the data suggested that the TG haplotype is not directly involved in regulation of HMOX1 expression; a regulatory mutation located near the haplotype and linked with the haplotype may exist and be responsible for the differential expression ofHMOX1.
African continent a likely origin of family combretaceae (myrtales). a biogeographical view

Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate divergence ages and reconstruct ancestral areas for the clades within Combretaceae. Methods: We utilized a comprehensive dataset of 144 species of Combretaceae with a worldwide sampling to reconstruct a dated phylogeny based on a Bayesian analysis of five gene regions (ITS, rbcL, matK, psaA-yf3 and trnH-psbA). Bayesian phylogenetic tree was generated using a Bayesian MCMC approach implemented in BEAST v.1. 7.5 to generate lineage dating. Two fossils Dilcherocarpon Combretoides (93.5-112 mya) and Terminalioxylon (28 mya) were used for Original Research Article Gere et al.; ARRB, 8(5): 1-20, 2015; Article no.ARRB. 17476 2 calibration. S-DIVA and DEC model analysis were used to estimate ancestral area ranges. Results: Our results indicate that the earliest diversification of Combretaceae occured ca. 110 mya. This was followed by the splitting of the family into two subfamilies, Combretoideae and Strephonematoideae during the Late Cretaceous period. This event followed the radiation of Combretoideae, ca 105.6 mya to give rise to two tribes, Combretaeae and Laguncularieae which diverged around 60.9 mya and 52.9 mya, respectively. The two main subtribes Combretineae and Terminaliinae, radiated at ca. 48.3 and 46.4 mya respectively. African continent is inferred as the origin of Combretaceae, with dispersal as the major event responsible for the intercontinental disjunct distribution observed in the tropical and subtropical regions. Main Conclusions: Our results revealed that the crown age of Combretaceae is ca.110 mya, a time hypothesised to be marked by high angiosperm diversification. Two largest subtribes Combretineae and Terminaliinae, split occurred in the Late Cretaceous period with divergence estimated at the commencement of Eocene epoch. The African continent is hypothesised to have emerged from the split of the super continent Gondwana. Long distance dispersal is postulated as the major modeller, with vicariance and extinction playing marginal roles in shaping the current intercontinental disjunct distribution of Combretaceae in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Associations among Nosema spp. fungi, Varroa destructor mites, and chemical treatments in honey bees, Apis mellifera

Nosema spp. and Varroa destructor are common parasites of honey bee colonies. Beekeepers routinely treat colonies with the fungicide fumagillin to control Nosema and an array of miticides to control V. destructor. Interactions between these parasites and chemical treatments are poorly understood. We allocated honey bee colonies to distinct chemical treatment regimes and monitored parasite intensities in the subsequent year. Infections of Nosema and infestations of V. destructor were positively correlated. Fumagillin was effective at mitigating Nosema intensities only over the short term, suggesting that biannual application is essential. V. destructor intensities were higher in colonies that had been previously treated with miticides, reasons for this warrant further investigation.
Three new species of cobitid fish genus Cobitis (Teleostei, Cobitidae) from the River Pearl basin of China

Abstract. Morphology features and sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene were analyzed of the species Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 from the River Pearl basin of China. Three new species of C. leptosoma sp. nov., C. wumingensis sp. nov., and C. obtusirostra sp. nov. were described. C. leptosoma is distinguishable from its congeners by a long knife-shaped lamina circularis; a sharp and nearly filamentous tip of the pectoral-fin ray in males; four Gambetta pigment lines, L2 usually being absent, L5 consisting of 10–12 oval blotches; and a round or oblong spot smaller than or equal to the eye diameter on the upper part of the caudal peduncle. C. wumingensis is distinguishable by small barbels, maxillo-mandibular barbels shorter than eye diameter; a long fingerlike lamina circularis; a sharp and nearly filamentous tip of the pectoral-fin ray in males; L5 showing sexual dimorphism; a deeper bluish band pigment in females; a surface pigment with 13–14 blotches in males; and a conspicuous jet-black roundish spot smaller than or equal to the eye diameter on the upper part of the caudal peduncle. C. obtusirostra is distinguished by a cystiform lamina circularis; a sharp and nearly filamentous tip of the pectoral-fin ray in males; L5 consisting of 8–10 rounded blotches; and a conspicuous jet-black arcuate spot smaller than the eye diameter on the upper part of the caudal peduncle.
The regulation of cancer cell invasive behaviour by Chloride Interacellular Channel 3 (CLIC3) and Transglutaminasae 2

A study into the role of secreted CLIC3 in tumour cell invasion. The initiation and progression of cancers is thought to be linked to their relationship with a population of activated fibroblasts, which are associated with tumours. I have used an organotypic approach, in which plugs of collagen I are preconditioned with fibroblastic cells, to characterise the mechanisms through which carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) influence the invasive behaviour of tumour cells. I have found that immortalised cancer-associated fibroblasts (iCAFs) support increased invasiveness of cancer cells, and that this is associated with the ability of CAFs to increase the fibrillar collagen content of the extracellular matrix (ECM). To gain mechanistic insight into this phenomenon, an in-depth SILAC-based mass proteomic analysis was conducted, which allowed quantitative comparison of the proteomes of iCAFs and immortalised normal fibroblast (iNFs) controls. Chloride Intracellular Channel Protein 3 (CLIC3) was one of the most significantly upregulated components of the iCAF proteome. Knockdown of CLIC3 in iCAFs reduced the ability of these cells to remodel the ECM and to support tumour cell invasion through organotypic plugs. A series of experiments, including proteomic analysis of cell culture medium that had been preconditioned by iCAFs, indicated that CLIC3 itself was a component of the iCAF secretome that was responsible for the ability of iCAFs to drive tumour cell invasiveness. Moreover, addition of soluble recombinant CLIC3 (rCLIC3) was sufficient to drive the extension of invasive pseudopods in cancer cell lines, and to promote disruption of the basement membrane in a 3D in vitro model of the ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) transition. My investigation into the mechanism through which extracellular CLIC3 drives tumour cell invasiveness led me to focus on the relationship between CLIC3 and the ECM modifying enzyme, transglutaminase-2 (TG2). Through this, I have found that TG2 physically associates with CLIC3 and that TG2 is necessary for CLIC3 to drive tumour cell invasiveness. These data identifying CLIC3 as a key pro-invasive factor, which is secreted by CAFs, provides an unprecedented mechanism through which the stroma may drive cancer progression.
It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae)

In this essay, we review concepts of taxonomic categories of anoles, reanalyze accumulated characteristics of these lizards,use these analyses to summarize the topology of the phylogenetic tree for anoles, and use consistent major branches ofthis topology to recommend a classification scheme for this large group of squamates. We then use this new taxonomy todraw inferences about the evolution of habitat use, as well as the geologic ages and geographic distribution of anolelineages. Our taxonomy eliminates problems of paraphyly inherent in previous classifications by elevating eight majorlineages to generic status (Anolis, Audantia, Chamaelinorops, Ctenonotus, Dactyloa, Deiroptyx, Norops, and Xiphosurus), providing diagnoses of those genera, and then doing the same for species groups within each genus. With the exceptionof 19 species, the contents of our generic categories are consistent with all recent phylogenetic reconstructions. Thus, therevised taxonomy appears to provide a stable classification for at least 95% of the 387 species currently recognized andincluded in our treatment of the group. We argue that these lizards originated in South America ~130 ma, where they werelarge in size and occupied niches focused on the canopy of rainforest trees. The radiation diverged into eight genera125–65 ma within a volcanic island arc that connected North and South America. This evolutionary diversificationgenerated three genera (Deiroptyx, Dactyloa, and Xiphosurus) that retained an ancestral large size and canopy niche focusand five genera (Anolis, Audantia, Chamaelinorops, Ctenonotus, and Norops) that became small, with niches focusedtoward the ground. The complicated divergence and accretion events that generated the current conformation of theAntillean islands, and eventually closed the Panamanian Portal, transported six island genera to their current centers ofdiversity (Anolis, Audantia, Chamaelinorops, Ctenonotus, Deiroptyx, and Xiphosurus), leaving two genera on themainland (Dactyloa and Norops). Our historical reconstruction makes Norops a much older radiation than previousreconstructions, allowing basal diversification of this species-rich lineage to occur on mainland terrains that eventuallyseparated from the mainland to become parts of Cuba and Jamaica. This early diversification extended into northern South America, where a basal lineage of Norops coevolved with Dactyloa prior to the mainland-island separation.
Using the F/R-ratio for an evaluation of the ability of the demosponge Halichondria panicea to nourish solely on phytoplankton versus free-living bacteria in the sea

ABSTRACT The F/R-ratio (litres of water filtered per ml of oxygen respired) was determined for the filter-feeding demosponge Halichondria panicea to be 15.5 l H2O (ml O2)−1 which was used to evaluate the potential of the sponge to nourish solely on nano- (2–20 µm) and micro- (20–200 µm) phytoplankton cells in the sea. It was estimated that in order to balance the maintenance requirement of H. panicea the necessary content of suspended particulate organic carbon must be at least 0.03 mg C l−1, which may be compared with actually reported values of 0.04 to 0.2 mg C l−1 thus implying that H. panicea may be able to nourish on a sole diet of phytoplankton in nature. However, the amount of carbon represented by free-living heterotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria and other small (0.2–2 µm) picoplankton which are also accessible to the sponge lies in the range of 0.05–0.10 mg C l−1, and therefore bacteria seem to be an important, although in many cases apparently a somewhat insufficient food source relative to phytoplankton. Video-microscope observations of the osculum cross-sectional area (OSA) and simultaneous measurement of the filtration rate of H. panicea showed that the filtration rate varied considerably over time concurrently with often pronounced variations in the OSA caused by disturbance when the aquarium through-flow was stopped during filtration rate measurements in the laboratory. It is concluded that the optimal and undisturbed filtration rate may be considerably higher than measured here, i.e. 6.1 ml water (ml sponge)−1 min−1, thus increasing the F/R-ratio to > 15.5 l H2O (ml O2)−1, which is comparable to values for more advanced eumetazoan filter-feeding marine invertebrates grazing on phytoplankton.
Rosalia longicorn Rosalia alpina (LINNAEUS, 1758) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) as a host of the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps bassiana LI, LI, HUANG & FAN, 2001 (Ascomycota: Hypocreales)

Abstract The paper describes, for the first time, the occurrence of the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps bassiana (anamorph: Beauveria bassiana) on the imago of the endangered beetle Rosalia longicorn Rosalia alpina from the Low Beskid Mountains (the Carpathians, SE Poland). Furthermore, an isolate of the saprotrophic fungus Hypoxylon fragiforme was obtained as a result of laboratory tests on R. alpina specimens. Relationships between the identified fungi and R. alpina are discussed.