Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A duality connecting neural network and cosmological dynamics

We demonstrate that the dynamics of neural networks (NNs) trained with gradient descent and the dynamics of scalar fields in a flat, vacuum energy dominated Universe are structurally profoundly related. This duality provides the framework for synergies between these systems, to understand and explain NN dynamics and new ways of simulating and describing early Universe models. Working in the continuous-time limit of NNs, we analytically match the dynamics of the mean background and the dynamics of small perturbations around the mean field, highlighting potential differences in separate limits. We perform empirical tests of this analytic description and quantitatively show the dependence of the effective field theory parameters on hyperparameters of the NN. As a result of this duality, the cosmological constant is matched inversely to the learning rate in the gradient descent update.
Geometrical interpretation of the argument of weak values of general observables in N-level quantum systems

Observations in quantum weak measurements are determined by complex numbers called weak values. We present a geometrical interpretation of the argument of weak values of general Hermitian observables in N-dimensional quantum systems in terms of geometric phases. We formulate an arbitrary weak value in terms of three real vectors on the unit sphere in N 2 − 1 dimensions, SN2−2 . These vectors are linked to the initial and final states, and to the weakly measured observable, respectively. We express pure states in the complex projective space of N − 1 dimensions, CPN−1 , which has a non-trivial representation as a 2N − 2 dimensional submanifold of SN2−2 (a generalization of the Bloch sphere for qudits). The argument of the weak value of a projector on a pure state of an N-level quantum system describes a geometric phase associated to the symplectic area of the geodesic triangle spanned by the vectors representing the pre-selected state, the projector and the post-selected state in CPN−1 . We then proceed to show that the argument of the weak value of a general observable is equivalent to the argument of an effective Bargmann invariant. Hence, we extend the geometrical interpretation of projector weak values to weak values of general observables. In particular, we consider the generators of SU(N) given by the generalized Gell–Mann matrices. Finally, we study in detail the case of the argument of weak values of general observables in two-level systems and we illustrate weak measurements in larger dimensional systems by considering projectors on degenerate subspaces, as well as Hermitian quantum gates. To conclude, we discuss the interpretation and usefulness of geometric phases in weak values in connection to weak measurements.
Nonsymmorphic bosonization in one-dimensional generalized Kitaev spin-1/2 models

In this work, we perform a detailed study on the consequences of nonsymmorphic symmetries in the Luttinger phase of the one-dimensional spin-1/2 Kitaev-Heisenberg-Gamma model with an antiferromagnetic Kitaev interaction. Nonsymmorphic bosonization formulas for the spin operators are proposed, containing ten non-universal coefficients which are determined by our density matrix renormalization group simulations to a high degree of accuracy. Using the nonsymmorphic bosonization formulas, different Fourier components and decay powers in the correlation functions are disentangled, the response to weak magnetic fields is analyzed, and the zigzag magnetic order in two dimensions is recovered from a system of weakly coupled chains. We also find a line of critical points with an emergent SU(2)$_1$ conformal symmetry located on the boundary of the Luttinger liquid phase, where a nonabelian version of nonsymmorphic bosonization should be applied.
A Differential Attention Fusion Model Based on Transformer for Time Series Forecasting

Time series forecasting is widely used in the fields of equipment life cycle forecasting, weather forecasting, traffic flow forecasting, and other fields. Recently, some scholars have tried to apply Transformer to time series forecasting because of its powerful parallel training ability. However, the existing Transformer methods do not pay enough attention to the small time segments that play a decisive role in prediction, making it insensitive to small changes that affect the trend of time series, and it is difficult to effectively learn continuous time-dependent features. To solve this problem, we propose a differential attention fusion model based on Transformer, which designs the differential layer, neighbor attention, sliding fusion mechanism, and residual layer on the basis of classical Transformer architecture. Specifically, the differences of adjacent time points are extracted and focused by difference and neighbor attention. The sliding fusion mechanism fuses various features of each time point so that the data can participate in encoding and decoding without losing important information. The residual layer including convolution and LSTM further learns the dependence between time points and enables our model to carry out deeper training. A large number of experiments on three datasets show that the prediction results produced by our method are favorably comparable to the state-of-the-art.
A modeling approach for estimating dynamic measles case detection rates

The main idea in this paper is that the age associated with reported measles cases can be used to estimate the number of undetected measles infections. Somewhat surprisingly, even with age only to the nearest year, estimates of underreporting can be generated at the much faster, 2 week time-scale associated with measles transmission. I describe this idea by focusing on the well-studied, 60 city United Kingdom data set, which covers the transition to universal healthcare in 1948, and is, as a result, an interesting case study in infectious disease surveillance. Finally, at the end of the paper, I comment briefly on how the approach can be modified for application to modern contexts.
Interval Observer Synthesis for Locally Lipschitz Nonlinear Dynamical Systems via Mixed-Monotone Decompositions

This paper proposes a novel unified interval-valued observer synthesis approach for locally Lipschitz nonlinear continuous-time (CT) and discrete-time (DT) systems with nonlinear observations. A key feature of our proposed observer, which is derived using mixed-monotone decompositions, is that it is correct by construction (i.e., the true state trajectory of the system is framed by the states of the observer) without the need for imposing additional constraints and assumptions such as global Lipschitz continuity or contraction, as is done in existing approaches in the literature. Furthermore, we derive sufficient conditions for designing stabilizing observer gains in the form of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). Finally, we compare the performance of our observer design with some benchmark CT and DT observers in the literature.
Relativistic magnetohydrodynamics with spin

We extend the classical phase-space distribution function to include the spin and electromagnetic ﬁelds coupling and derive the modiﬁed constitutive relations for charge current, energy-momentum tensor, and spin tensor. Because of the coupling, the new tensors receive corrections to their perfect ﬂuid counterparts and make the background and spin ﬂuid equations of motion communicate with each other. We investigate special cases which are relevant in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, including baryon free matter and large mass limit. Using Bjorken symmetries, we ﬁnd that spin polarization increases with increasing magnetic ﬁeld for an initially positive baryon chemical potential. The corrections derived in this framework may help to explain the splitting observed in Lambda hyperons spin polarization measurements.
Communicating Robot Conventions through Shared Autonomy

When humans control robot arms these robots often need to infer the human's desired task. Prior research on assistive teleoperation and shared autonomy explores how robots can determine the desired task based on the human's joystick inputs. In order to perform this inference the robot relies on an internal mapping between joystick inputs and discrete tasks: e.g., pressing the joystick left indicates that the human wants a plate, while pressing the joystick right indicates a cup. This approach works well after the human understands how the robot interprets their inputs - but inexperienced users still have to learn these mappings through trial and error! Here we recognize that the robot's mapping between tasks and inputs is a convention. There are multiple, equally efficient conventions that the robot could use: rather than passively waiting for the human, we introduce a shared autonomy approach where the robot actively reveals its chosen convention. Across repeated interactions the robot intervenes and exaggerates the arm's motion to demonstrate more efficient inputs while also assisting for the current task. We compare this approach to a state-of-the-art baseline - where users must identify the convention by themselves - as well as written instructions. Our user study results indicate that modifying the robot's behavior to reveal its convention outperforms the baselines and reduces the amount of time that humans spend controlling the robot. See videos of our user study here: https://youtu.be/jROTVOp469I
A Study on Phase Difference Measurement Based on Virtual Instruments

Algorithms concerning phase difference measurement, viz, the zero passage method and the relevant function method are brought forward. The principle involved is introduced, and factors influencing the precision and speed of phase difference measurement are discussed. Judgment of the point of zero passage is the key factor involved, and a higher sampling frequency should be adopted when the method is applied on situations of large signal amplitude. Adopting signal filtration and noise weeding, high precision and fast measurement of phase difference is realized, based on the A/D hardware and a LabVIEW virtual instrument platform. Results of experiment show that the two algorithms put forward in this paper are effective in phase difference measurements of high speed and precision.
Metaphor in the Academic Mentoring of International Undergraduate Students: The Erasmus Experience

ABSTRACT Metaphor use in university contexts has received some attention by the literature, which has mostly focussed on the language produced by academics. However, more dialogic forms of academic communications, where students are afforded opportunities for feedback on and discussion of opaque language use, are usually missing in the analyses of applied metaphor researchers. In order to partially redress this imbalance in research into metaphor in academic discourse, this article looks at lecturers’ use of metaphor in one such dialogic type of communication—academic mentoring—and how international students respond to these language uses. I examine the frequency and functions of metaphor in 27 video-recorded conversations between Spanish Erasmus students and their lecturers at five different European universities. My findings reveal that lecturers use metaphor frequently in this context too, but that it does not appear to pose obvious problems for interaction, although misalignments between speakers can be observed.
Spatial "rocking" for improving the spatial quality of the beam of broad area semiconductor lasers

The spatial "rocking" is a dynamical effect converting a phase-invariant oscillatory system into a phase-bistable one, where the averaged phase of the system locks to one of two values differing by π. In this paper we consider theoretically the spatial rocking of irregularly operating edge emitting broad area semiconductor laser. The stabilization of the laser is realized by the injection of an optical field formed by two, coherently interfering at some angle, beams. We demonstrate that this stabilization is preserved if one or both injected beams are weakly focused, and analyze a corresponding focusing of the emitted field.
Range side-lobe suppression method via CMR for pulse compression LPI waveform

Design of low probability of intercept (LPI) signal waveform is an important issue in design of LPI radar systems. Pulse compression waveforms having large time-bandwidth product are a kind of radar signals with good Radio Frequency (RF) stealth performance, and many pulse compression waveforms are investigated to reducing the radio frequency signals being intercepted, such as frequency hop code, phase code and etc. However, undesirable range sidelobes of these pulse compression waveforms generated by matched filter may mask small nearby targets. A sidelobe suppression algorithm by repairing Covariance Matrix for pulse compression LPI waveforms is presented in this paper, and the processing results of frequency hop codes illustrate that the high range sidelobes are successfully suppressed.
Greening home: caring for plants indoors

ABSTRACT Plants are widely advocated as beneficial for indoor, urban environments; however, research into how people live with indoor plants in their homes remains limited. This article begins to investigate indoor plant keeping and how it is experienced and valued. Empirically, the article draws on exploratory qualitative research undertaken with houseplant keepers within the inner suburbs of Melbourne (Australia). The research shows that indoor plants are valued in diverse ways that orient around instrumental contributions of plants, caring practices within people’s homes, and extended sensibilities relating to wider social and ecological dynamics. By attending to plants as part of indoor home places, this analysis expands the empirical focus of human–plant geographies and provides future research directions to further productive conversations between urban greening and human geography.
NrtR Mediated Regulation of H1-T6SS in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

NrtR is a Nudix-related transcriptional regulator and controls the NAD cofactor biosynthesis in bacteria. P. aeruginosa NrtR binds to the intergenic region between nadD2 and pncA to repress the expression of the two operons, therefore controlling the NAD biosynthesis. We have previously reported that NrtR controls T3SS expression via the cAMP/Vfr pathway in P. aeruginosa. ABSTRACT NrtR is a Nudix-related transcriptional regulator that is distributed among diverse bacteria and plays an important role in modulating bacterial intracellular NAD homeostasis. Previously, we showed that NrtR influences the T3SS expression and pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and demonstrated that NrtR mediates T3SS regulation through the cAMP/Vfr pathway. In the present study, we found that mutation of the nrtR gene leads to upregulation of the Hcp secretion island-I type VI secretion system (H1-T6SS). Further analysis revealed that mutation of the nrtR gene results in upregulation of regulatory RNAs (RsmY/RsmZ) that are known to control the H1-T6SS by sequestration of RsmA or RsmN. Simultaneous deletion of rsmY/rsmZ reduced the expression of H1-T6SS in the ΔnrtR mutant. In addition, overexpression of either rsmA or rsmN in ΔnrtR decreased H1-T6SS expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-Seq and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analyses revealed that NrtR directly binds to the promoters of rsmY, rsmZ and tssA1 (first gene of the H1-T6SS operon). Overall, the results from this study reveal the molecular details of NrtR-mediated regulation of H1-T6SS in P. aeruginosa. IMPORTANCE NrtR is a Nudix-related transcriptional regulator and controls the NAD cofactor biosynthesis in bacteria. P. aeruginosa NrtR binds to the intergenic region between nadD2 and pcnA to repress the expression of the two operons, therefore controlling the NAD biosynthesis. We have previously reported that NrtR controls T3SS expression via the cAMP/Vfr pathway in P. aeruginosa. However, the global regulatory function and direct binding targets of the NrtR remain elusive in P. aeruginosa. This study reveals novel direct regulatory targets of the NrtR in P. aeruginosa, elucidating the molecular mechanism of NrtR-mediated regulation of H1-T6SS.
The US3 Kinase of Herpes Simplex Virus Phosphorylates the RNA Sensor RIG-I To Suppress Innate Immunity

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) establishes lifelong latency in the majority of the human population worldwide. HSV-1 occasionally reactivates to produce infectious virus and to facilitate dissemination. ABSTRACT Recent studies have demonstrated that the signaling activity of the cytosolic pathogen sensor retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) is modulated by a variety of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) to fine-tune the antiviral type I interferon (IFN) response. Whereas K63-linked ubiquitination of the RIG-I caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARDs) catalyzed by TRIM25 or other E3 ligases activates RIG-I, phosphorylation of RIG-I at S8 and T170 represses RIG-I signal transduction by preventing the TRIM25-RIG-I interaction and subsequent RIG-I ubiquitination. While strategies to suppress RIG-I signaling by interfering with its K63-polyubiquitin-dependent activation have been identified for several viruses, evasion mechanisms that directly promote RIG-I phosphorylation to escape antiviral immunity are unknown. Here, we show that the serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) kinase US3 of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) binds to RIG-I and phosphorylates RIG-I specifically at S8. US3-mediated phosphorylation suppressed TRIM25-mediated RIG-I ubiquitination, RIG-I-MAVS binding, and type I IFN induction. We constructed a mutant HSV-1 encoding a catalytically-inactive US3 protein (K220A) and found that, in contrast to the parental virus, the US3 mutant HSV-1 was unable to phosphorylate RIG-I at S8 and elicited higher levels of type I IFNs, IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), and proinflammatory cytokines in a RIG-I-dependent manner. Finally, we show that this RIG-I evasion mechanism is conserved among the alphaherpesvirus US3 kinase family. Collectively, our study reveals a novel immune evasion mechanism of herpesviruses in which their US3 kinases phosphorylate the sensor RIG-I to keep it in the signaling-repressed state. IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) establishes lifelong latency in the majority of the human population worldwide. HSV-1 occasionally reactivates to produce infectious virus and to facilitate dissemination. While often remaining subclinical, both primary infection and reactivation occasionally cause debilitating eye diseases, which can lead to blindness, as well as life-threatening encephalitis and newborn infections. To identify new therapeutic targets for HSV-1-induced diseases, it is important to understand the HSV-1-host interactions that may influence infection outcome and disease. Our work uncovered direct phosphorylation of the pathogen sensor RIG-I by alphaherpesvirus-encoded kinases as a novel viral immune escape strategy and also underscores the importance of RNA sensors in surveilling DNA virus infection.
Shaking table model test of a hybrid high-rise building structure

The use of hybrid structural system is becoming more and more extensive in modern high-rise buildings with the increasing structure height, thus it is becoming an important work to explore the failure mechanism and seismic behaviour of this system under earthquake. A 1/35 scale model of a hybrid high-rise building is tested on shaking table to study the seismic behavior of the prototype structure in this paper. The dynamic characteristics and the model response of acceleration, deformation and strain under different earthquake intensities are analyzed. Then the dynamic characteristics and response of prototype structure are calculated according to the similitude relation, and the failure mechanism and the cracking pattern under different earthquake intensities are discussed as well. Finally some suggestions for engineering design are put forward.
Human Herpesvirus 6A U4 Inhibits Proteasomal Degradation of the Amyloid Precursor Protein

The association of HHV-6A infection with Alzheimer’s disease has attracted increasing attention, although its role and molecular mechanism remain to be established. Our results here indicate that HHV-6A U4 inhibits amyloid precursor protein (APP) degradation. ABSTRACT Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) belongs to the betaherpesvirus subfamily and is divided into two distinct species, HHV-6A and HHV-6B. HHV-6 can infect nerve cells and is associated with a variety of nervous system diseases. Recently, the association of HHV-6A infection with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been suggested. The main pathological phenomena of AD are the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation; however, the specific molecular mechanism of pathogenesis of AD is not completely clear. In this study, we focused on the effect of HHV-6A U4 gene function on Aβ expression. Coexpression of HHV-6A U4 with amyloid precursor protein (APP) resulted in inhibition of ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of APP. Consequently, accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), insoluble neurofibrillary tangles, and loss of neural cells may occur. Immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry (IP-MS) showed that HHV-6A U4 protein interacts with E3 ubiquitin ligase composed of DDB1 and cullin 4B, which is also responsible for APP degradation. We hypothesize that HHV-6A U4 protein competes with APP for binding to E3 ubiquitin ligase, resulting in the inhibition of APP ubiquitin modification and clearance. Finally, this leads to an increase in APP expression and Aβ deposition, which are the hallmarks of AD. These findings provide novel evidence for the etiological hypothesis of AD, which can contribute to the further analysis of the role of HHV-6A in AD. IMPORTANCE The association of HHV-6A infection with Alzheimer’s disease has attracted increasing attention, although its role and molecular mechanism remain to be established. Our results here indicate that HHV-6A U4 inhibits amyloid precursor protein (APP) degradation. U4 protein interacts with CRLs (cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases), which is also responsible for APP degradation. We propose a model in which U4 competitively binds to CRLs with APP, resulting in APP accumulation and Aβ generation. Our findings provide new insights into the etiological hypothesis of HHV-6A in AD that can help further analyses.