Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing two ways of applying use case models in object-oriented design with UML

In software engineering most proposed technology have not been subject to a thorough investigation. Knowledge of the effects, strenghts, and weaknesses of technology is essential to ensure a successful transfer to industry and identify areas of improvement. For example, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is becoming the de-facto standard for object-oriented software analysis and design. Constructing analysisand design models of a software system is beneficial to gain a higher-level understanding of the system domain prior to implementation. Models provide blueprints of possible solutions and are beneficial to comprehending a complex system in its entirety, ensure a sound architecture, and to support communication among project developers and teams. However, UML does not prescribe a development process, nor has it undergone a thorough investigation to identify how it is best applied in a software development process. A use case driven development process, where a use case model is the basis for constructing an object-oriented design, is recommended with UML. An alternative way of applying a use case model is to use it to validate a design model made as part of another development process. We are interested in the differences imposed on design models constructed between such processes. In order to investigate the differences, we conducted a controlled experiment with 26 students as subjects. One half of the subjects were given guidelines on a use case driven process whereas the other half on a validation process. The resulting class diagrams were evaluated with regards to how well they were suited as a basis for automatic code generation. The results show that the validation process produced class diagrams better suited for automatic code generation than those produced in the use case driven process. In particular, the subjects applying the use case driven process primarily identified methods that were mapped directly from the use case descriptions, something that resulted in design models with fewer appropriate methods than those produced with the validation process. The results also show that the use case driven process resulted in more erroneous classes, and the validation process led to a larger variation in the number of classes in the class diagrams. This indicates that the use case driven process gave more, but not always more appropriate, guidance on how to construct a class diagram. In summary, our study implies that following a validation process is the better choice in similar conditions to our experiment.
Interaction log and provenance for sensemaking

This paper describes two visual analytic tools designed to support sensemaking through the visualisation of interaction log and analytic provenance. The first tool, SensePath, aims to reduce the time required for the transcription and coding during qualitative analysis such as thematic analysis (making sense of the experiment data). The second tool, SenseMap, is designed to help online sensemaking with everyday tasks such as buying a digital camera. User evaluation leads to early insight of how the visualisation of interaction log and analytic provenance can help these sensemaking tasks.
Modern views on the structure and dynamics of biological membranes

Essential changes have been recently observed in views on the functioning, structural and dynamic properties of biological membranes. The previous results on hierarchical cluster-type structure of membranes and role of protein and lipid components are reconsidered. An established fact of dramatic difference in lipid composition between external and internal monolayers of plasma membranes is important for understanding membrane phenomena. In particular, there exist the differences between monolayers in surface charge and potential, ion binding, interaction with protein molecules, etc. A glycolipid component of outer monolayer and interaction of inner monolayer with cytoskeleton allow the membrane by expanding the asymmetry to attain its important functional properties. All that requires more critical approach to numerous data obtained with simplified biomembrane analogs – lipid and protein-lipid bilayer structures. In the attempts to describe and model the properties of cellular membranes there is a timely necessity to shift from two-dimensionality (which reduces the analysis to membrane plane only) to more realistic three-dimensional models.
Ground control in mining steeply dipping coal seams by backfilling with waste rock

is defined as one that dips at an angle greater than 45° (Cao and Gou, 2011), as shown in Figure 1. In contrast to coal seams with little or no (flat) dip angle, mining production from steeply dipping seams is inherently low and the cost is relatively high. These factors hinder extraction from such seams in developed countries, such as the USA. In developing countries, however, mining of steeply dipping coal seams is rapidly growing because of high reserves available in such configurations, such as in western China and the Jharia coalfield in India. In China, steeply dipping coal seams comprise 15–20% of total coal reserves. Underground mining of steep coal seams using current technologies presents significant safety risks: sliding movements cause instability in the working faces and the rock mass in and around such seams tends to be fragile due to impact of local geological structures such as faults and folds. Generally, fractures exist in the roof strata before mining; these fractures propagate and further coalesce with new fractures developed in the mining process, increasing the probability of roof collapse. Such roof failure can extend upwards as a consequence of the large inclination angle of the coal seam. To reduce deformation of the surrounding rock for ground control, backfill technology has been introduced in steep coal seam mining. In addition, backfill mining is also more environmentally friendly because less surface land is required to store mine tailings and dust or water contamination from surface storage of waste rock is reduced (Bian et al., 2012; Sui et al., 2015). Wang et al. (2011) numerically determined that pillar strength increases with the extent of roadway backfill, regardless of the cohesive or non-cohesive nature of the backfill, especially for pillars of large height-to-width ratio. However, Kostecki and Spearing (2015) numerically found that use of a cohesive fill can improve the pillar strength by 10–40% with fill extent of 25% and 75%, while noncohesive fill contributed little to pillar strength, indicating that the early bearing capacity of backfill should be considered in pillar design for weak roof conditions. Tesarik, Seymour, and Yanske (2009) investigated the long-term stability of a backfilled room-and-pillar test section in a metal mine (where the roof and floor strata usually consist of hard rocks) and found that backfill helps to maintain roof strata integrity and the pillar strength for longterm stability. All of these studies were, however, carried out in flat or gently inclined, rather than steep, strata. For steep coal seam mining, Kulakov (1995a, 1995b) argued that Ground control in mining steeply dipping coal seams by backfilling with waste rock
Identification of a spatial linear model based on earthquake-induced data and genetic algorithm with parallel selection

This paper deals with the parametric identification of a small-scale bridge model that was intended to approximately reproduce the transversal dynamic behaviour of its corresponding prototype. This is representative of a typical multi-span continuous-deck irregular bridge. A linear model with viscous damping is proposed to reproduce its dynamic response. The identification is carried out in the time domain using experimental earthquake-induced data and assuming the mass is known. An identification procedure including a genetic algorithm with parallel selection has been developed. In the studied case, the procedure has demonstrated to be robust. It is shown that the model could be improved by using a non linear approach for the dissipative forces.
The Evolution of a Professional Identity as Perceived by Saudi Student Nurses

The professional identity of student nurses may fluctuate or even disintegrate when exposed to clinical realities. A self-identity must be integrated firstly with new expectations and modified within a social context to form a professional identity. In the process of developing a professional identity, student nurses either develop a self-concept within a professional role based on attributes, beliefs, values, motives, experiences, morals and ideals of who and what a nurse is, or lack to develop in this role. This study targeted to investigate the perceptions of Saudi student nurses in the evolution of a professional identity. A non-probabilistic and descriptive approach was selected for data collection. A Nurses Professional Identity Scale was constructed by the researcher to explore the evolution of a professional identity as perceived by Saudi student nurses. Mean scores indicated the importance of the self-presentation, self-image, self-esteem, self-categorization and self-concept as dimensions, which facilitates a professional identity. The p-values obtained for all the factors were less than the level of significance (p-value<0.05), which indicated the importance of all the associated factors. The significance of how student nurses identify themselves as professionals during the Baccaulearate program in various role formation has been emphasized. These roles are still undervalued by society and influences stereotypical attitudes.
Density Guides Visual Search: Sparse Groups are First even when Slower

How do people efficiently locate content in a display? We investigate the effect of text layout on how people decide which area of a display to search first. Using a visual search paradigm, participants were required to locate a known target within a two-column display, in which items were grouped into semantic clusters, and the physical distance between items varied. For ‘mixed’ trials, the distance between items in each column was varied. Results showed that participants preferred to search the sparser of the two columns first, even though they were faster at locating the target in the denser column. This finding suggests that participants were adopting an inefficient search strategy for locating the target item. Discussion focuses on the implications for models that assume people rationally adapt their search strategy to maximize the gain of task-relevant information over time.
REVISITING SEISMIC ISOLATION FROM A MODAL ENERGY PERSPECTIVE

The purpose of this paper is to determine the structural dynamic properties of seismically isolated buildings, idealized as two-degree-of-freedom systems, using an analytical formulation based on the modal kinetic and strain energy ratios of such systems. As a result of these energy considerations the expressions derived are compact, and allow for a renewed visualization of the salient behavior of isolated structures. A brief numerical comparison with similar previous equations by others demonstrates the equivalency and validity of the expressions shown in the present paper.
Accretion shock signatures in the spectrum of two-temperature advective flows around black holes

The centrifugal barrier supported boundary layer (CENBOL) of a black hole affects the spectrum exactly in the same way the boundary layer of a neutron star does. The CENBOL is caused by standing or oscillating shock waves that accelerate electrons very efficiently and produce a power-law distribution. The accelerated particles in turn emit synchrotron radiation in the presence of the magnetic field. We study the spectral properties of an accretion disk as a function of shock strength, compression ratio, flow accretion rate and flow geometry. In the absence of a satisfactory description of magnetic fields inside the advective disk, we only consider the stochastic fields and use the ratio of field energy density to gravitational energy density as a parameter. Not surprisingly, stronger fields produce larger humps due to synchrotron radiation. We not only include "conventional" synchrotron emission and Comptonization due to Maxwell-Boltzmann electrons in the gas, but also compute the effects of power-law electrons. For strong shocks, a bump is produced just above the synchrotron self-absorption frequency at νbump ∼ νinj(1 + 4 R−1 R 1 x 1/2 s ) x 1/2 s ,w here,ν inj is the frequency of the dominant photons from the pre-shock flow, and R the compression ratio of the shock located at xs. For strong shocks, a bump at a higher frequency appears predominantly due to the power-law electrons formed at the shock front.
CODE GENERATION FOR SEMANTIC EVOLUTION OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Monitoring and controlling a safety or a mission critical system (Production system) is normally undertaken through interfacing with an embedded system (Target System). The embedded system which is meant for monitoring and controlling of either mission critical or safety critical system cannot be shut-down for want of making changes to ES software either to fix existing bugs, enhance performance, add fault tolerance or add more functionality due to the reasons that it is quite expensive to shut-down and restart either the production system or the Target system. Changes to the ES software, thus have to be carried while the ES system is up and running. The process of making changes while the ES system is up and running is called dynamic semantic evolution. Many methods have been proposed in the literature using which the dynamic semantic evolution can be carried. One of the methods is related to generation of code, which is stored starting from a memory location and creation of a task out of the code stored and make it to run waiting for an event to take place. In literature it has been mentioned that dynamic semantic evolution can be undertaken through a module generation process but the implementation of the same has not been presented. In this paper, an algorithm and the process of implementation of the same has been presented. The same has been experimented on a prototype application that monitors and controls temperatures within a nuclear reactor system.
Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, and Thermochemical Studies of Poly(phenyl methacrylate peroxide)

Radical polymerization in the presence of oxygen known as oxidative polymerization results in the formation of low molecular weight products with oxygen containing functional groups (aldehydes, ketones, etc.) in addition to copolymers with oxygen.1 The features of the simultaneous occurrence of polymerization and oxidation have been the subject of numerous investigations, and it has led to the establishment of oxidative polymerization as an independent field of radical chain polymerization.
The ADE Classification of Minimal and A J x ) Conformal Invariant Theories

We present a detailed and complete proof of our earlier conjecture on the classification of minimal conformal invariant theories: This is based on an exhaustive construction of all modular invariant sesquilinear forms, with positive integral coefficients, in the characters of the Virasoro or of the A~ 1) KacMoody algebras, which describe the corresponding partition functions on a torus. A remarkable correspondence emerges with simply laced Lie algebras:
Relationship among Parenting Styles, Prosocial Behavior and School Performance of Students Who are Attending to Grade Seven and Eight State Schools

The purpose of this study was to examine parenting style, prosocial behavior and students school performance in junior school. In addition, this study attempted to examine the level of parenting styles in their children school performance. Two ten hundred adolescents (Mean age = 14.9 years) measured their own prosocial behaviors, their perceptions of parenting styles of their parents and collected their academic scores from the record office of the schools. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Quantitative analyses (both descriptive and inferential statistics) were used to analyze the obtained data. The data collected were analyzed employing different statistical techniques like correlation, multiple regression, and path analysis. Analysis of the data revealed that parenting styles do have significantly higher involvement in their children’s school performance. Parenting styles have an effect on prosocial behavior of adolescents. Path analysis of the data showed that prosocial behavior has statistically significant contribution to the students school performance. Prosocial behavior also has mediate effect between parenting styles and school performance. The current study has significant implications for parents, schools, government and non government sectors and practitioners who are concerned about promoting adolescents’ positive behaviors and performance and discouraging negative behaviors.
Does Customer Loyalty Depend on Corporate Social Responsibility?

Abstract This paper presents the results of a study conducted to examine the dependence of customer loyalty on corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is a good opportunity for a company’s differentiation, but only if customers value the company’s efforts in this field. Loyalty is a primary goal of each company, but it is influenced by numerous factors. The goal of this paper was to examine if CSR influences customer loyalty as one possible factor. Based on the presented results, management recommendations are provided concerning business strategy, mission, and vision formulation, so companies can fulfill customers’ interests and gain their loyalty.
No 259 A Dynamic Tobit Model of Female Labor Supply by Nizamul Islam August 2007

A dynamic Tobit model is applied to longitudinal data to estimate the hours of work of married women in Sweden during 1992-2001. Hours of work are found to be negatively related to fertility. Other characteristics of married women are also found to have an effect on labor supply. Intertemporal labor supply decisions seemed to be characterized by a substantial amount of unobserved heterogeneity, first order state dependence and serially correlated error components. The findings suggest that the first order state dependence and unobserved heterogeneity are very sensitive to the initial condition.
An algebraic analysis using Matrix Padé Approximation to improve the choice of certain parameter in Scalar Component Models

This paper presents an algebraic analysis using Matrix Pade Aproximation to improve the identification stage of the proposal in [6] on Scalar Component Models, specifically as it refers to the choice of a parameter they denote h. The original methodology in [6] is based on the construction and interpretation of a table whose elements are related to the singular value zero of certain relevant matrices in the process. We propose the alternative use of what we call a Ranks Table and the sure overall orders concept instead of the so-called overall orders. Ranks Table information allows for the improved interpretation and implication of the results and of potential computational and statistical properties.
Pathfinder's Community-Based Projects Address Barriers to Reproductive Health Services

This issue of Pathpapers examines Pathfinder Internationals pioneering role in the development and evolution of community-based services (CBS) and explores successful and diverse Pathfinder-sponsored CBS programs from across the globe. For over 25 years Pathfinder International has used community-based projects to combat the barriers that separate people from family planning and reproductive health services. Among the innovative approach of CBS is the ongoing work to expand the availability of contraceptive options such as the emergency contraceptive pill; incorporating sexually transmitted disease/HIV/AIDS information and services into community-based projects; reaching out to adolescents with the information and services they need; and involving men as active partners in reproductive health decisions. Between 1992 and 1997 Pathfinders CBS in 23 countries trained a combined total of 22600 agents provided 3 million new users and 37 million continuing users with modern contraceptive methods and referred 4.8 million client to health facilities. The paper presents a case study of 3 countries representing a wide variety of successful and innovative CBS programs supported by Pathfinder which include the Kenyan case study the Kazakhstan and Brazil.
Effect of Some Fungicides on Foot and Root Rot of Lentil

An experiment was carried out to test the efficacy of four fungicides in controlling foot and root rot of lentil under field condition. The test fungicides were Rovral (0.2%), Secure 600wg (0.2%), Bavistin 70wp (0.2%), Captan 50wp (0.2%). BARI masur-1 has been used for this experiment. Tested fungicides significantly decreased incidence of foot and root rot of lentil and increased yield. Among the fungicides highest performance was found with Secure 600wg (0.2%) in controlling the incidence of foot and root rot.
Robust Fault-Tolerant Tracking Control for Nonlinear Networked Control System: Asynchronous Switched Polytopic Approach

This paper is concerned with the robust fault-tolerant tracking control problem for networked control system (NCS). Firstly, considering the locally overlapped switching law widely existed in engineering applications, the NCS is modeled as a locally overlapped switched polytopic system to reduce designing conservatism and solving complexity. Then, switched parameter dependent fault-tolerant tracking controllers are constructed to deal with the asynchronous switching phenomenon caused by the updating delays of the switching signals and weighted coefficients. Additionally, the global uniform asymptotic stability in the mean (GUAS-M) and desired weighted performance are guaranteed by combining the switched parameter dependent Lyapunov functional method with the average dwell time (ADT) method, and the feasible conditions for the fault-tolerant tracking controllers are obtained in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, the performance of the proposed approach is verified on a highly maneuverable technology (HiMAT) vehicle’s tracking control problem. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Disseminating data using broadcast when topology is unknown

Consider the problem of disseminating data from an arbitrary source node to all other nodes in a distributed computer system, like Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). We assume that wireless broadcast is used and nodes do not know the topology. We propose new protocols which disseminate data faster and use fewer broadcasts than the simple broadcast protocol. Disseminating Data Using Broadcast when Topology is Unknown Bjorn Andersson, Nuno Pereira and Eduardo Tovar IPP Hurray Research Group Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal {bandersson,npereira,emt}@dei.isep. ipp.pt Abstract Consider the problem of disseminating data from an arbitrary source node to all other nodes in a distributed computer system, like Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). We assume that wireless broadcast is used and nodes do not know the topology. We propose new protocols which disseminate data faster and use fewer broadcasts than the simple broadcast protocol.Consider the problem of disseminating data from an arbitrary source node to all other nodes in a distributed computer system, like Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). We assume that wireless broadcast is used and nodes do not know the topology. We propose new protocols which disseminate data faster and use fewer broadcasts than the simple broadcast protocol.