Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of Frequency Hopping Interval for Radar Anti-Jamming Based on Reinforcement Learning

In modern electronic warfare, it is becoming very important to develop intelligent and adaptive radar anti-jamming methods since jammers can now launch increasingly complex and unpredictable attacks. Besides, in practice, the jamming strategy is usually unknown to the radar. To overcome the limitations caused by the lack of information about the jammer, reinforcement learning is applied to radar anti-jamming in this paper via the adaptation of frequency hopping interval. In reinforcement learning, the sequential decision problem to solve is described as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). To describe the sequential radar anti-jamming decision making process, a detailed radar anti-jamming MDP model is formulated. To balance between integration efficiency and probability of interception, a flexible adjustable tradeoff between them is devised by defining the reward function of the MDP as the weighted sum of the integration efficiency factor and the probability of interception factor. Two properties of the MDP value function are proved. These properties are used to derive the optimal frequency hopping time interval for different pulse widths under the RL framework. Simulation results show that the proposed radar anti-jamming strategy can adapt to the jamming environment well and can control its performance flexibly by adjusting the weights of integration efficiency and probability of interception.
Understanding barriers for working with a management system in the construction industry

A company's performance may depend on the effectiveness of its management system. Without a management system, a company does not have a common way of working and may not strive towards the same objectives and policies. Information sharing within the organisation may also be more difficult without a system. One problem at the case company is the usefulness of the management system, which will be examined in this thesis. The purpose is to understand the barriers in working with a management system within the construction industry. Suggestions for a better, suitable way for the case company to adjust their management system will be proposed. This master thesis will further look at how a company can encourage information sharing. It will also provide suggestions on how the company can incorporate lean thinking into their business processes in order to include continuous improvements in the work. This study consists of a literature review, interviews, survey and observations, which results in problems identified and several proposals of improvement actions. The problems were analysed and relevant suggestions based on theory were proposed for a better way for the company to manage their management system, making it more efficient for the users.
Beyond tree cover: Characterizing southern China's forests using deep learning

Mapping forests with satellite images at local to global scale is done on a routine basis, but to go beyond the mapping of forest cover and towards characterizing forests according to their types, species and use, requires a dense time‐series of images. This knowledge is important, because ecological and economic values differ between forests. A new generation of low cost very high spatial resolution satellite images and the advent of deep learning enables improved abilities for distinguishing objects based on their structure, which could potentially also be applied to map different forest classes related to type, species and use. Here we use GF‐1 images at 2 m resolution and map six forest classes including different planted species for the karst region in southwest China, covering 806,900 km2. We compare the results with field data and show that accuracies range between 78% and 90%. We show a dominance of plantations (15%) and secondary forests (70%), and only remnants of natural forests (6%). The possibility to map forest classes based on their crown structure derived from low cost very high‐resolution satellite imagery paves the road towards sustainable forest management and restoration activities, supporting the creation of connected habitats, increasing biodiversity and improved carbon storage. No temporal information is needed for our approach, which saves costs and leads to rapid results that can be updated at a high temporal frequency.
Applications of Additive Manufacturing, or 3D Printing, in the Rehabilitation of Individuals With Deafblindness: A Scoping Study

Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is a promising tool to produce assistive technology. For instance, individuals with deafblindness (concurrent vision and hearing loss) could benefit from tactile AM-based products as touch may be their main gateway to access information. This study thus aimed to synthesize evidence on the current and potential practices involving AM in the context of deafblindness rehabilitation and to inform healthcare professionals and family caregivers on how AM can improve functioning and quality of life. A comprehensive literature search of ten databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Global Health, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, ERIC, Web of Science, Engineering Village, and Scopus) was performed to identify sources focusing on the use of AM toward rehabilitation goals of individuals with deafblindness. Nine of 1,397 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings reveal that AM can counter barriers to full accessibility by enabling professionals to produce customized adapted material and communication devices, thus assisting individuals with deafblindness in communication, mobility, and learning. However, this review highlights a need for more AM research, resources, and training: interdisciplinary collaborations with AM specialists thus appear essential in improving rehabilitation services with AM.
Perspectives on neural proof nets

In this paper I will present a novel way of combining proof net proof search with neural networks. It contrasts with the 'standard' approach which has been applied to proof search in type-logical grammars in various different forms. In the standard approach, we first transform words to formulas (supertagging) then match atomic formulas to obtain a proof. I will introduce an alternative way to split the task into two: first, we generate the graph structure in a way which guarantees it corresponds to a lambda-term, then we obtain the detailed structure using vertex labelling. Vertex labelling is a well-studied task in graph neural networks, and different ways of implementing graph generation using neural networks will be explored.
End-Effectors Developed for Citrus and Other Spherical Crops

Citrus harvesting is time-intensive and labor-intensive, relying mainly on manual harvesting. The automatic harvesting of fruit and vegetable crops can not only reduce the physical labor of fruit farmers in the harsh field environment but also greatly improve the harvesting efficiency. Based on the principle of manual citrus picking, an end-effector with three-finger grasping is designed in this study. First, the structure of the end-effector was designed to achieve the function of stable grasping and effective cutting of citrus fruits, and then the working process and key parameters of the end-effector were explained in detail. Finally, a picking test was conducted without considering robot vision. The test results show that the end-effector has a picking success rate of 95.23% for citrus with a diameter of 30–100 mm and an average picking time of 4.65 s for a single fruit. This end-effector can realize the picking function for citrus of different sizes and shapes and has the advantages of high adaptability, stable gripping and no damage to the fruit.
Projection-operator formalism and coarse-graining

A careful derivation of the generalized Langevin equation using "Zwanzig flavor" projection operator formalism is presented. We provide arguments why this formalism has better properties compared to alternative projection-operator formalisms for deriving non-equilibrium, non-thermodynamic-limit, equations. The two main ingredients in the derivation are Liouville's theorem and optimal prediction theory. As a result we find that equations for non-equilibrium thermodynamics are dictated by the formalism once the choice of coarse-grained variables is made. This includes a microcanonical entropy definition dependent on the coarse-grained variables. Based on this framework we provide a methodology for succesive coarse-graining. As two special cases, the case of linear coefficients and coarse-graining in the thermodynamic limit are treated in detail. In the linear limit the formulas found are equivalent with those of homogenization theory. In this framework there are no restrictions with respect to the thermodynamic-limit or nearness to equilibrium. We believe the presented approach is very suitable for the development of computational methods by means of coarse-graining from a more detailed level of description.
Trajectories of Lipid Profile and Risk of Carotid Atherosclerosis Progression: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Background: Early assessment of carotid atherosclerotic plaque characteristics is essential for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk stratification and prediction. We aimed to identify different trajectories of lipid profiles and investigate the association of lipid trajectories with carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) progression in a large, longitudinal cohort of the Chinese population. Methods: 10,412 participants aged ≥18 years with ≥2 times general health checkups were included in this longitudinally prospective cohort study at Peking University Third Hospital. We used latent class trajectory models to identify trajectories of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) over follow-up time (757 days, IQR: 388–844 days). Results: Participants with carotid plaque were more likely to be older, male, have higher body mass index, have a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, and have a higher level of blood pressure, TG, TC, and LDL-C, compared with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and normal group. Subjects were trichotomized according to different trajectory patterns into stable, moderate-stable, and elevated-increasing classes. TC ≥ 5.18 mmol/L and moderate-stable class (hazard ratio (HR): 1.416, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.285–1.559, p: 0.000), TG ≥ 1.70 mmol/L and moderate-stable class (HR: 1.492, 95% CI: 1.163–1.913, p: 0.002), TG ≥ 1.70 mmol/L and elevated-increasing class (HR: 1.218, 95% CI: 1.094–1.357, p: 0.000), LDL-C ≥ 3.36 mmol/L and stable class (HR: 1.500, 95% CI: 1.361–1.653, p: 0.000) were statistically significant associated with CAS progression compared with the reference group. Conclusions: Borderline elevated baseline lipid (TC, TG, and LDL-C) with stable and elevated-increasing trajectories were associated with CAS progression. Long-term strategies for low-level lipid are beneficial for ASCVD management.
H2O2 Induces Calcium and ERMES Complex-Dependent Mitochondrial Constriction and Division as Well as Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Remodeling in Aspergillus nidulans

The dynamin-like protein DnmA and its receptor FisA are essential for H2O2-induced mitochondrial division in Aspergillus nidulans. Here, we show that in the absence of DnmA or FisA, mitochondria show few spontaneous transient constrictions, the frequency of which is extensively increased by H2O2 or the carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP). While H2O2-induced constrictions are transient, CCCP induces a drastic and irreversible alteration of mitochondrial filaments. H2O2 induces a gradual mitochondrial depolarization, while CCCP-induced depolarization is abrupt. The calcium chelator BAPTA-AM prevents the formation of mitochondrial constrictions induced by either H2O2 or CCCP. H2O2 also induces major rearrangements of the mitochondrial outer membrane, which remain after constrictions dissipate, as well as changes in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and nuclear morphology. Similar mitochondrial constriction, ER and nuclear morphology changes are detected during the early stages of asexual development. ER and ER-Mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) complex—composed of proteins Mdm10, Mmm1, Mdm43 and Mdm12—are important for mitochondrial division in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As the Mdm10 ortholog MdmB was found to be essential in A. nidulans, we evaluated its functions in ΔmdmB terminal mutants and ΔmdmB heterokaryons. ΔmdmB conidia produce a short germ tube that fails to grow further, in which inherited mitochondria become gigantic and round shaped, lacking clear contacts with the ER. In slow-growing ΔmdmB heterokaryotic mycelia, multiple hyphae contain very long mitochondria with high ROS levels, as occur in ΔdnmA and ΔfisA mutants. In this hyphae, H2O2 fails to induce mitochondrial constrictions but not outer mitochondrial membrane reshaping, indicating that these are two separate effects of H2O2. Our results indicate that H2O2 induces a generalized mitochondrial constriction response, prior to actual division, involving gradual depolarization; they also indicate that Ca2+ and the ERMES complex are critical for both mitochondrial constriction and division. This supports a view of mitochondrial dynamics as the result of a cascade of signaling events that can be initiated in vivo by H2O2.
Real-time underload tap-changer control based on synchrophasor measurements

This paper proposes a new system integrity protection scheme algorithm using transformer under-load tap changer control based on wide area synchrophasor measurements in order to prevent further degradation of the bus voltages in the power system. The impact of various trigger-types on the voltage stability of the power system is investigated. A wide area monitoring, protection, and control “proof-of-concept” testbed is implemented using the real-time digital simulator in combination with industrial-grade equipment comprising of phasor measurement units, phasor data concentrators, programmable logic controller, and communication network switches. The proposed algorithm is tested and validated using an equivalent 10-bus multi-machine test system, and the results obtained verifies its effectiveness.
Housing Infrastructure as a Determinant of Quality of Life in Selected Polish Smart Cities

In the concept of the Smart City, the issue of quality of life of residents is strongly emphasized. In theory and practice, the quality of urban life is determined by a wide variety of factors. This article focuses on housing infrastructure as a determinant of the quality of life in selected Polish Smart Cities and seeks answers to the question: What is the level of variation in the availability and quality of housing infrastructure in the studied cities and against the provinces in which they are located? In solving the research problem formulated in this way, the following were used: (1) Indicators determining the quality and accessibility of housing infrastructure at the level of the studied cities and provinces; (2) a multiple case study (for eight cities from different regions of Poland); and (3) a comparative analysis conducted at the level of the cities and provinces in which they operate. The resulting analyses indicate that there are differences in the availability and quality of housing infrastructure at the level of smart cities and provinces representing the regional average. The analyzed cities—in all the criteria studied (except the area of the apartment)—dominate over the provinces, which means that they have larger and better housing resources than the rest of the region.
In Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Helicobacter pylori Induces the Secretion of Soluble and Exosomal Cytokines Related to Carcinogenesis

Helicobacter pylori promotes the secretion of cytokines that regulate inflammation and carcinogenesis. Immune cells secrete cytokines into the extracellular medium or packaged in exosomes. The objective of this study was to analyze the profile of soluble and exosomal cytokines that were secreted by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) that were infected with H. pylori and to build a network of interaction between cytokines and cellular proteins. PBMCs were obtained by density gradient centrifugation and infected with H. pylori for 24 h. The infection was verified by immunofluorescence and Western blot for CagA. The exosomes were obtained from culture supernatant by ultracentrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis, and Western blot for CD9 and CD81. Cytokines were quantified using a multiplex immunoassay in the culture supernatant, intact exosomes, and lysed exosomes. H. pylori adheres to lymphocytes and translocates CagA. In PBMCs, H. pylori induces an increase in the soluble and exosomal IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-21, and IL-22. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network shows that soluble and exosomal cytokines interact with proteins that participate in signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K-Akt, Jak-STAT, FoxO, and mTOR, that are related to carcinogenesis; moreover, TNF-α had the highest number of interactions. Cytokine-loaded exosomes represent another means of intercellular communication that is activated by H. pylori to stimulate inflammation, carcinogenesis, or cancer progression. Cytokine-loaded exosomes are likely to be associated with extragastrointestinal diseases of inflammatory origin.
Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy plus Limb-Sparing Surgery for Osteosarcoma and Its Impact on Long-Term Quality of Life

Purpose To assess the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus limb-sparing surgery for osteosarcoma and its impact on long-term quality of life. Methods Between August 2016 and December 2018, 90 patients with osteosarcoma treated in Nanchong Central Hospital were recruited and divided at a ratio of 1 : 1 to receive limb-sparing surgery (control group) or limb-sparing surgery plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy (study group) by random number table methods. The clinical endpoints were clinical efficacy and long-term quality of life. Results Limb-sparing surgery plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with a significantly higher efficacy versus limb-sparing surgery alone. Limb-sparing surgery plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy resulted in a significantly higher Enneking score and a higher good function rating of patients versus limb-sparing surgery. The two groups showed a high but similar 1-year survival rate. Patients given limb-sparing surgery plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed significantly higher 2-year and 3-year survival and a longer mean survival versus those receiving limb-sparing surgery alone. Limb-sparing surgery plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy resulted in significantly higher scores of role emotional, mental health, physical function, and social function and a lower bodily pain score than limb-sparing surgery alone. Limb-sparing surgery plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with significantly lower fatigue, nausea and vomiting, dyspnea, constipation, and diarrhea scores and a significantly higher health status score versus monotherapy of limb-sparing surgery. Conclusion Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus limb-sparing surgery improves the postoperative limb function and long-term quality of life of patients with osteosarcoma, which shows great potential for clinical promotion.
Metal(loid)s in Common Medicinal Plants in a Uranium Mining-Impacted Area in Northwestern New Mexico, USA

The objective of this study was to determine uranium (U) and other metal(loid) concentrations (As, Cd, Cs, Pb, Mo, Se, Th, and V) in eight species of plants that are commonly used for medicinal purposes on Diné (Navajo) lands in northwestern New Mexico. The study setting was a prime target for U mining, where more than 500 unreclaimed abandoned U mines and structures remain. The plants were located within 3.2 km of abandoned U mines and structures. Plant biota samples (N = 32) and corresponding soil sources were collected. The samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry. In general, the study findings showed that metal(loid)s were concentrated greatest in soil > root > aboveground plant parts, respectively. Several medicinal plant samples were found to exceed the World Health Organization Raw Medicinal Plant Permissible Level for As and Cd; however, using the calculated human intake data, Reference Dietary Intakes, Recommended Dietary Allowances, and tolerable Upper Limits, the levels were not exceeded for those with established food intake or ingestion guidelines. There does not appear to be a dietary food rise of metal(loid) ingestion based solely on the eight medicinal plants examined. Food intake recommendations informed by research are needed for those who may be more sensitive to metal(loid) exposure. Further research is needed to identify research gaps and continued surveillance and monitoring are recommended for mining-impacted communities.
Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Sea Duck Mergus serrator and Comparison with other Anseriformes Species

As a key group in the Anatidae, the Mergini tribe (sea ducks) is strongly structured, with clear genetic assignments and phylogenetic relationships. The tribes also differ in terms of breeding strategy, longevity, and bionomic strategy. The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Mergus serrator was 16,627 bp in length, and its structure was circular. The structure and gene arrangement of the genome were basically the same as those of Anseriformes species. The mean base composition of the mitogenome of Anseriformes was T (22.31 ± 0.51%), C (32.63 ± 0.64%), A (29.36 ± 0.64%), and G (15.71 ± 0.52%), indicating a slight specific bias towards A and C. AT content ranged of the mitogenome was from 50.27% to 55.31%, with an average value of 51.67 ± 1.10%, higher than the GC content and similar to that of birds in general (50.5% to 57.7%). In addition, the start and stop codons, the mitogenome consists of 3662 codons. The most commonly used amino acid was leucine (13.63%) in the use of M. serrator . The analyses indicated that the Anseriformes include the families Anseranatidae, Anhimidae, and Anatidae. Furthermore, Anatinae is composed of Aythyini, Anatini, Somaterini, and Mergini. M serrator was sister to M. merganser and M. squamatus , and this group belongs to Mergini. The ω value of the ND3 gene in the Mergini tribe is lower than those for other tribes. The phylogenetic relationships were analyzed and M. serrator was sister to M. merganser and M. squamatus , and formed a closely evolved Mergini clade. Different evolutionary rates between the Mergini tribe and other tribes were found.