Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An equilibrium model for RFP plasmas in the presence of resonant tearing modes

The equilibrium of a finite-β reversed field pinch (RFP) plasma in the presence of saturated-amplitude stationary tearing modes is investigated. The singularities of the magnetohydrodynamical force balance equation J×B = ∇p at the rational surfaces of the modes are resolved through a proper regularization of the cylindrical symmetric component of the profiles, by setting to zero there the gradient of the pressure and parallel current density. An equilibrium model, which satisfies the regularization rule at the various rational surfaces, is developed. The comparison with experimental data from the reversed field experiment (RFX) gives encouraging results. We will show that the model provides an easy tool for magnetic analysis.
Stability of the upper bound of a spectrum under perturbations by diagonal matrices for a class of self-adjoint operators

We denote by R(A) the radius of convergence of the series (1) (for an indecomposable matrix this does not depend on i). For R(A) > 0 the matrix A generates a bounded self-adjoint operator on the space `2 whose spectral radius ρ(A) is equal to R(A)−1 (see [1]). In the disc |z| < R(A) we have 1 + Φii(A, z) = ∫ (1− λz)−1 ( E(dλ)ei, ei ) identically, where E( · ) is the resolution of the identity for the operator A, and ei is the normalized vector with ith coordinate 1. If in (1) we impose the restriction im 6= i for m = 1, . , n − 1, then we obtain a series φii(A, z) whose sum is related to the sum of (1) by the following identity: 1 + Φii(A, z) = (1 − φii(A, z))−1. Let rii(A) be the radius of convergence of the series φii(A, z). For any i the point z = R(A) is the unique solution of the equation φii(A, z) = 1 in the interval (0, rii(A)) if φii(A, rii(A)) > 1, and R(A) = rii(A) otherwise. It is known (see [2]) that the point z = ρ(A) is an eigenvalue of A if and only if φii(A,R(A)) = 1 and φ ′ ii(A,R(A)) <∞ for some, and so for any, i (in the sequel we shall omit this phrase after similar expressions). In [3] the author proved that a necessary and sufficient condition for rii(A) > R(A) is that z = ρ(A) be isolated from the rest of the spectrum.
Can an individual sequence of zeros and ones be random?

CONTENTS Introduction Chapter I. The main notions and facts § 1.1. The notion of randomness depends on a given probability distribution § 1.2. Three faces of randomness: stochasticness, chaoticness, typicalness § 1.3. Typical, chaotic and stochastic sequences: ways to a mathematical definition 1.3.1. Typicalness 1.3.2. Chaoticness 1.3.3. Stochasticness 1.3. 4. Comments § 1.4. Typical and chaotic sequences: basic definitions (for the case of the uniform Bernoulli distribution) 1.4.1. Typicalness 1.4.2. Chaoticness Chapter II. Effectively null sets, constructive support, and typical sequences § 2.1. Effectively null sets, computable distributions, and the statement of Martin-Löf's theorem § 2.2. Proof of Martin-Löf's theorem § 2.3. Different versions of the definition of the notion of typicalness 2.3.1. Schorr's definition of typicalness 2.3.2. Solovay's criterion for typicalness 2.3.3. The axiomatic approach to the definition of typicalness Chapter III. Complexity, entropy, and chaotic sequences § 3.1. Computable mappings § 3.2. Kolmogorov's theorem. Monotone entropy § 3.3. Chaotic sequences Chapter IV. What is a random sequence? § 4.1. The proof of the Levin-Schorr theorem for the uniform Bernoulli distribution § 4.2. The case of an arbitrary probability distribution § 4.3. The proofs of the lemmas Chapter V. Probabilistic machines, a priori probability, and randomness § 5.1. Probabilistic machines § 5.2. A priori probability § 5.3. A priori probability and entropy § 5.4. A priori probability and randomness Chapter VI. The frequency approach to the definition of a random sequence § 6.1. Von Mises' approach. The Church and Kolmogorov-Loveland definitions § 6.2. Relations between different definitions. Ville's construction. Muchnik's theorem. Lambalgen's example 6.2.1. Relations between different definitions 6.2.2. Ville's example 6.2.3. Muchnik's theorem 6.2. 4. Lambalgen's example § 6.3. A game-theoretic criterion for typicalness Addendum. A timid criticism regarding probability theory References
Dynamic Response Analysis of a Floating Bridge Subjected to Environmental Loads

Designing floating bridges for wide and deep fjords is very challenging. The floating bridge is subjected to wind, wave, and current loads. All these loads and corresponding load effects should be properly evaluated, e.g. for ultimate limit state design check. In this study, the wind-, wave- and current-induced load effects of an end-anchored floating bridge are numerically investigated. The considered floating bridge, about 4600 m long, was an early concept for crossing Bjørnafjorden, Norway. It consists of a cable-stayed high bridge part and a pontoon-supported low bridge part, and has a number of eigen-modes, which might be excited by the relevant environmental loads. Numerical simulations show that the sway motion and strong axis bending moment along the bridge girder are primarily induced by wind loads, while variations of heave motion and weak axis bending moment are mainly induced by wave loads. Current loads mainly provide damping force to reduce the variations of sway motion and strong axis bending moment. Turbulent wind can cause significantly larger low-frequency resonant responses than second-order difference-frequency wave loads.
Real submanifolds in complex space: polynomial models, automorphisms, and classification problems

This is a survey of results on the local theory of real submanifolds of a complex space. Most of the results included here were obtained in Vitushkin's seminar at Moscow State University over the last fifteen years. The most important achievement is a technique for computing automorphisms, invariants, and classifications of real submanifolds, which includes as a main step the construction of a “good” model surface (an analogue of an osculating paraboloid in classical differential geometry).
Thrust chamber performance using Navier-Stokes solution

The viscous, axisymmetric flow in the thrust chamber of the space shuttle main engine (SSME) was computed on the CRAY 205 computer using the general interpolants method (GIM) code. Results show that the Navier-Stokes codes can be used for these flows to study trends and viscous effects as well as determine flow patterns; but further research and development is needed before they can be used as production tools for nozzle performance calculations. The GIM formulation, numerical scheme, and computer code are described. The actual SSME nozzle computation showing grid points, flow contours, and flow parameter plots is discussed. The computer system and run times/costs are detailed.
Low frequency plasmons in thin-wire structures

A photonic structure consisting of an extended 3D network of thin wires is shown to behave like a low density plasma of very heavy charged particles with a plasma frequency in the GHz range. We show that the analogy with metallic behaviour in the visible is rather complete, and the picture is confirmed by three independent investigations: analytic theory, computer simulation and experiments on a model structure. The fact that the wires are thin is crucial to the validity of the picture. This new composite dielectric, which has the property of negative below the plasma frequency, opens new possibilities for GHz devices.
Road segmentation of cross-modal remote sensing images using deep segmentation network and transfer learning

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the road segmentation problem of cross-modal remote sensing images. Design/methodology/approach First, the baseline network based on the U-net is trained under a large-scale dataset of remote sensing imagery. Then, the cross-modal training data are used to fine-tune the first two convolutional layers of the pre-trained network to achieve the adaptation to the local features of the cross-modal data. For the cross-modal data of different band, an autoencoder is designed to achieve data conversion and local feature extraction. Findings The experimental results show the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method. Compared with the ordinary method, the proposed method gets much better metrics. Originality/value The originality is the transfer learning strategy that fine-tunes the low-level layers for the cross-modal data application. The proposed method can achieve satisfied road segmentation with a small amount of cross-modal training data, so that is has a good application value. Still, for the similar application of cross-modal data, the idea provided by this paper is helpful.
Measuring traffic lane‐changing by converting video into space–time still images

Empirical data is needed in order to extend our knowledge of traffic behavior. Video recordings are used to enrich typical data from loop detectors. In this context, data extraction from videos becomes a challenging task. Setting automatic video processing systems is costly, complex, and the accuracy achieved is usually not enough to improve traffic flow models. In contrast “visual” data extraction by watching the recordings requires extensive human intervention. A semiautomatic video processing methodology to count lane‐changing in freeways is proposed. The method allows counting lane changes faster than with the visual procedure without falling into the complexities and errors of full automation. The method is based on converting the video into a set of space–time still images, from where to visually count. This methodology has been tested at several freeway locations near Barcelona (Spain) with good results. A user‐friendly implementation of the method is available on http://bit.ly/2yUi08M.
Refinement and coarsening indicators for adaptive parametrization: application to the estimation of hydraulic transmissivities

When estimating hydraulic transmissivity the question of parametrization is of great importance. The transmissivity is assumed to be a piecewise constant space-dependent function and the unknowns are both the transmissivity values and the zonation, the partition of the domain whose parts correspond to the zones where the transmissivity is constant. Refinement and coarsening indicators, which are easy to compute from the gradient of the least squares misfit function, are introduced to construct iteratively the zonation and to prevent overparametrization.
Compact wide stopband superconducting bandpass filter using modified spiral resonators with interdigital structure

In this study, we propose a novel resonator that is composed of a modified spiral with an embedded interdigital capacitor. A large ratio of the first spurious frequency to the fundamental resonant frequency is obtained, which is suitable for the design of filters with wide stopbands, and the circuit size is considerably reduced by embedding the interdigital structure in the spiral. For demonstration, a compact four-pole high temperature superconducting (HTS) filter with a center frequency of 568 MHz is designed and fabricated on double-sided YBCO film with a size of 11.4 mm × 8.0 mm. The filter measurement shows excellent performance with an out-of-band rejection level better than 60.9 dB up to 3863 MHz.
Comparative Analysis of Vein Detection Techniques

—Currently in biomedical field a lots of techniques are available for vein detection. Various projects are also going on vein detection. Various image processing software are also being used by researchers. Vein puncture is commonly performed every day in hospitals. Both doctors & nurses facing difficulties in accessing veins in critical situations for giving drug through injections. Also during conflicts like war & catastrophe has shortage of experienced nurses & doctors. This paper viewed different approaches for vein detection using different technique. In this paper the vein image, working method along with block diagram, advantage, software used, results & further improvements for the techniques are compared.
Trapping of micrometre and sub-micrometre particles by high-frequency electric fields and hydrodynamic forces

We demonstrate that micrometre and sub-micrometre particles can be trapped, aggregated and concentrated in planar quadrupole electrode configurations by positive and negative dielectrophoresis. For particles less than in diameter, concentration is driven by thermal gradients, hydrodynamic effects and sedimentation forces. Liquid streaming is induced by the AC field itself via local heating and results, under special conditions, in vortices which improve the trapping efficiency. Microstructures were fabricated by electron-beam lithography and modified by UV laser ablation. They had typical gap dimensions between 500 nm and several micrometres. The theoretical and experimental results illustrate the basic principles of particle behaviour in ultra-miniaturized field traps filled with aqueous solutions. The smallest single particle that we could stably trap was a Latex bead of 650 nm. The smallest particles which were concentrated in the central part of the field trap were 14 nm in diameter. At high frequencies (in the megahertz range), field strengths up to 56 MV can be applied in the narrow gaps of 500 nm. Further perspectives for microparticle and macromolecular trapping are discussed.
Lithuanian Farmers, Nature and the Ties that Bind

Author(s): de Munck, Victor | Abstract: Three questions that should be answered in order to understand the reason for writing and the potential importance of this and other studies in this special issue of World Cultures are: What is a cultural model? Why is it important to understand farmer’s cultural models of nature? Are there cultural models of nature particular to farmers? This paper attempts answers with emphasis to view cultural model of nature in terms of a functional relationship between nature and farmer. I regard this perspective as an important one because cultural models must be used in real life and studied as such if they are supposed to be anything but butterfly collections for academic discussion. I hope to show that in using their cultural models, farmers draw upon other cultural models that exist at different levels of abstraction and as part of social identities and particular contexts.
Electroluminescence

The paper presents a critical account of electroluminescence, with particular reference to the work of the last few years on such aspects as spectral characteristics, intraband relaxation, trapping processes, participation of crystal surfaces, contact phenomena, photo-electroluminescence and field enhancement processes. Recent experiments on injection (including tunnel injection) electro-luminescence in zinc sulphide and intermetallic compounds are given special emphasis and their relevance to the traditional problems associated with phosphor materials is considered in some detail. There is also an introductory outline of the closely related junction laser phenomena. The paper is intended, both as a discussion of the issues which are now in need of further clarification, and as a retrospective review of `source' material.
Multipole moments of axisymmetric electrovacuum spacetimes

The electromagnetic and gravitational multipole moments of stationary sources in general relativity are obtained in the conformal picture in terms of the expansion coefficients of the electrovacuum potentials on the axis of symmetry. Generic expressions for the values of the first five multipole moments are given, and the field of a pure pole-dipole source is investigated.
Long-wavelength cosmological perturbation in the Universe with multiple perfect fluids

We investigate large-scale cosmological perturbation in the Universe with multiple perfect fluids. Using the long-wavelength approximation with the Hamilton–Jacobi method, we derive a formula for the gauge-invariant comoving curvature perturbation. As an application of our approach, we examine large-scale perturbation in a brane cosmology.
On the generation of waves by turbulent wind

A theory is initiated for the generation of waves upon a water surface, originally at rest, by a random distribution of normal pressure associated with the onset of a turbulent wind. Corrlations between air and water motions are neglected and the water is assumed to be inviscid, so that the motion of the water, starting from rest, is irrotational. It is found that waves develop most rapidly by means of a resonance mechanism which occurs when a component of the surface pressure distribution moves at the same speed as the free surface wave with the same wave-number. The development of the waves is conveniently considered in two stages, in which the time elapsed is respectively less or greater than the time of development of the pressure fluctuations. An expression is given for the wave spectrum in the initial stage of development (§ 3.2), and it is shown that the most prominent waves are ripples of wavelength λcr = 1·7 cm, corresponding to the minimum phase velocity c = (4gT/ρ)1/4 and moving in directions cos-1(c/Uc) to that of the mean wind, where Uc is the ‘convection velocity’ of the surface pressure fluctuations of length scale λcr or approximately the mean wind speed at a height λcr above the surface. Observations by Roll (1951) have shown the existence under appropriate conditions, of waves qualitatively similar to those predicted by the theory. Most of the growth of gravity waves occurs in the second, or principal stage of development, which continues until the waves grow so high that non-linear effects become important. An expression for the wave spectrum is derived (§ 4.1), from which follows the result $\overline {\xi ^2} \sim \frac {\overline{p^2}t} {2 \surd 2\rho ^2 U_c g},$ where $\overline {\xi ^2}$ is the mean square surface displacement, $\overline {p ^2}$ the mean square turbulent pressure on the water surface, t the elapsed time, Uc the convection speed of the surface pressure fluctuations, and ρ the water density. This prediction is consistent with published oceanographic measurements (§ 4.3). It is suggested that this resonance mechanism is more effective than those suggested by Jeffreys (1924, 1925) and Eckart (1953), and may provide the principal means whereby energy is transferred from the wind to the waves.
Probing the local velocity distribution of WIMP dark matter with directional detectors

We explore the ability of directional nuclear-recoil detectors to constrain the local velocity distribution of weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter by performing Bayesian parameter estimation on simulated recoil-event data sets. We discuss in detail how directional information, when combined with measurements of the recoil-energy spectrum, helps break degeneracies in the velocity-distribution parameters. We also consider the possibility that velocity structures such as cold tidal streams or a dark disk may also be present in addition to the Galactic halo. Assuming a CF4 detector with a 30-kg-yr exposure, a 50-GeV WIMP mass, and a WIMP-nucleon spin-dependent cross-section of 10−3pb, we show that the properties of a cold tidal stream may be well constrained. However, measurement of the parameters of a dark-disk component with a low lag speed of ∼ 50km/s may be challenging unless energy thresholds are improved.
Superconducting NbN films grown using pulsed laser deposition for potential application in internally shunted Josephson junctions

We have grown superconducting NbN films using a pulsed KrF laser for potential use as superconducting electrodes in SNS Josephson junctions being developed for nonlatching logic applications. The NbN films show a superconducting transition of 16 K using an Nb target in background N2 gas. The Tc dependence on N2 pressure in the range of 50-80 mTorr was investigated at a growth temperature of 600 °C. The NbN films were grown on MgO(100) and amorphous SiNx/Si substrates. In the latter case, the films had a lower Tc, and appeared amorphous from xray diffraction measurements, while those on the MgO(100) substrates were strongly textured. AFM measurements reveal RMS surface roughness as low as 1 nm, over a 5 µm × 5 µm area, indicating that these films appear suitable for SNS junctions.
Thermodynamics of 2+1 black holes

Thermal properties of the recently discovered black holes in 2+1-dimensional gravity with a negative cosmological constant are investigated. The validity of the first law of thermodynamics is justified directly. It is shown that a canonical ensemble for such black holes exists at arbitrary temperature while a grand canonical one is well defined only in the low-temperature domain. The canonical and grand canonical pressure ensembles for black holes prove to be unstable.
Intermediate shocks

Recent investigations have focused attention on the role of intermediate shocks in MHD. It has been shown that intermediate shocks are admissible and can be formed through nonlinear wave steepening process. The intermediate shocks can have a family of shock structure; the shock structure and the evolution are related. Furthermore, there exists a class of time-dependent intermediate shocks. In this review paper, these properties are discussed based on the small-amplitude MHD equation.
Topic Analysis Based on LDA Model

Topic spotting of segments is performed based on text segmentation and the main topic of the whole text is then generalized.Topics are represented by means of word clusters. LDA(Latent dirichlet allocation) is used to model corpora and text.Clarity is taken as a metric for similarity of blocks and segmentation points are identified by local minimum.The topic words of segments are extracted according to Shannon information.Words which are not distinctly in the analyzed text can be included to express the topics with the help of word clustering of background and topic words association.The signification behind the words are attempted to be digged out.Experiments tell that the result of analyzing is far better than those of other methods.Valuable pre-processing is provided for text reasoning.
Compact 4-Port MIMO/Diversity Antenna with Low Correlation for UWB Application

Abstract A compact four port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with polarization diversity for ultrawideband (UWB) application is proposed. The antenna contains four monopoles where each monopole has three concentric rings. Orthogonal arrangement of monopoles of the antenna provides good isolation and polarization diversity. The antenna has compact size of 36×36×1.6 mm3. It operates in the frequency band of 3.2 to 11 GHz where isolation is better than 15 dB. The envelop correlation coefficient (ECC) and diversity gain from S-parameter have been calculated to evaluate MIMO performance of the antenna. In addition to ensure distortion less transmission in UWB group delay is also calculated.
Dielectronic Recombination of Sn10+ Ions and Related Satellite Spectra

Based on the multi-configuration Dirac–Fock method, theoretical calculations are carried out for the dielectronic recombination (DR) rate coefficients and the collision excitation rate coefficients of Sn10+ ions. It is found that the total DR rate coefficient has its maximum value between 10 eV and 100 eV and is greater than either the radiative recombination or three-body recombination rate coefficients (the number of free electrons per unit is 1021 cm3) for the case of Te > 1 eV. Therefore, DR can strongly influence the ionization balance of laser produced multi-charged tin ions. The related dielectronic satellite cannot be ignored at low temperature Te < 5 eV.
On the K-theory of matrix algebra bundles

In [1] a functor was defined on the category of finite CW -complexes, taking values in the category of Abelian groups and associated with the K-theory of a special class of vector bundles with a matrix algebra as fibre. A space representing it was constructed there. In the present paper we prove that it is homotopy equivalent to BSU and that the correspondingH-space structure on BSU is isomorphic to the H-structure induced by a tensor product of virtual bundles of virtual dimension 1.