Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Field Effectiveness of a Metofluthrin Fan-Based Emanator and Deet as Repellents Against Aedes vigilax in Southeast Queensland, Australia1.

A field study to compare a formulation containing 40% deet (N,N-diethyl-3-methyl benzamide) in ethanol (Bushman™) and a battery-powered fan emanator with a chemical strip containing 31.2% metofluthrin (OFF! ® Clip-On™) was conducted at Redcliffe, Queensland, Australia, in February 2016. The 40% deet provided 100% protection against mosquitoes for 5 h until tests ceased, while the OFF! Clip-On device provided only 42.2-60.8% protection against Aedes vigilax during the same period.
Determination of 4-nonylphenol in carp blood samples by solid phase extraction and chromatographic techniques

In this study, selective methods were developed for isolation, purification, separation and determination of 4-nonylphenol (4NP) in biological samples. Several methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence and diode array detection and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectromotry (GC-MS) are described for the simultaneous determination of 4NP. The nonylphenols in the plasma of fish were extracted through solid phase process by using octadecyl, polymeric and octadecyl endcapping sorbents. The average recoveries in plasma samples spiked with 4NP of levels 1 µg mL−1 were between 80–95% using added surrogate standards. The aim of this study was to determine whether trace amounts of 4NP in fish plasma samples could be detected by solid phase extraction and chromatographic methods (HPLC, GC-MS). This technique of monitoring the levels of endocrine-disruptors in plasma samples is consistent, reliable as well as inexpensive.
Theoretical study on the gas and solution phase enthalpies, free energies and equilibrium constants for the isomerisation of [1.1]paracyclophane derivatives as potential molecular switches

Theoretical studies were conducted on the predicted gas and solution phase thermodynamic properties for isomerisation of various [1.1]paracyclophane derivatives to their corresponding transannular[4+4] adducts at representative levels of density functional and composite method theories. Calculations suggest that the [1.1]paracyclophane to transannular[4+4] adduct isomerisations are not likely amenable to thermodynamic solvent tuning for the methylene, ether and thioether-bridged derivatives using a broad range of nonpolar and polar aprotic and polar protic implicit solvation models, but may be receptive towards solvent tuning for the amine-bridged analogues. Varying the nature of the cyclophanic bridging atoms and the electron-withdrawing/releasing character of photochemically/thermally stable substituents on the π-systems is predicted to facilitate substantial variation of the isomerisation equilibria to a much greater degree than changing the solvent environment.
DEVELOPMENT AND STANDARDIZATION OF HIGH FREQUENCY WORD LISTS IN NEPALI

Background: Speech is a stimulus with high redundancy because the information in it is conveyed in several ways simultaneously. Because of redundancy, a regular speech identification test is largely insensitive to identifying high frequency hearing loss in a subject. The present study aimed to develop and standardise a word list in the Nepali language in which the selected words have elevated high frequency content. Material and methods: The study was conducted in three phases. The first stage was to develop a high frequency word list, which was completed by gathering familiar bisyllabic words, recording them, and then selecting words dominant in high frequencies. In stage 2, the developed word list was administered to 100 individuals with normal hearing. In stage 3, the final lists were administered to 10 individuals with simulated high frequency hearing loss in order to determine the usefulness of the list. Finally, 7 psychometrically equivalent word lists with 20 words per list were developed. Results: Normal hearing individuals showed Speech Identification Scores of more than 95% whereas in the case of the simulated high frequency loss group, significantly poorer speech identification scores were obtained. Conclusions: This present study standardised high frequency word lists in Nepali and all the lists were validated in subjects with simulated high frequency hearing loss. Hence, this can be used as a standard high frequency word list in the Nepali population.
A Distributed Fair Random Forest

Machine learning algorithms are increasingly responsible for making critical decisions which have broad societal impact. Questions are arising about the fairness of the algorithms which make these decisions. While existing models have been proposed, many require direct access to private data which may be impossible given new privacy regulations. We propose a distributed fair random forest algorithm which does not require direct access to private demographic data. Our approach uses randomly generated decisions trees which are added to our forest if they are fair with a weighted voting mechanism for accuracy. In building on existing literature, we assume a third party holds private demographic data which can communicate with a data center that builds a model without compromising the privacy of individuals demographic data. We compare our algorithm against existing fair random forest and decision tree algorithms and show that our method can outperform existing methods.
EARNING ON S TUDENT M

/Povzetek . The research aimed to check for difference in learning motivation between students learning online and students participating in modern classroom instruction. The study participants included students attending grades 5 to 8, divided into experimental (online classes) and control groups based on pre-testing. The results show that there is no statistically significant difference in motivation between the tested sub-samples. Student motivation for learning natural sciences declines with their years of schooling, but this is not statistically significant. It can be concluded that online teaching of Science and Biology as a learning tool can be as motivating as modern teaching using active classroom methods
Leaching of Metals from Fly Ash-Amended Permeable Reactive Barriers

AbstractOne potential beneficial reuse of high-carbon-content (HCC) fly ashes is in reactive barrier applications for remediation of contaminated groundwater. However, leaching of metals from coal fly ashes into the environment is of concern. A series of column leach tests (CLTs) and batch water leach tests (WLTs) were performed to investigate the potential leaching of metals from HCC fly ashes during reactive barrier applications. Fly ash content and pH were two key factors affecting the amount leached in WLTs. Leaching of metals in CLTs exhibited a first flush, followed by a tailing elution pattern, for all fly ashes. Attempts to correlate the WLT and CLT data indicated that scale-up of the WLT results to the column experimental setup provided a better prediction of the leachable amount in CLTs compared with a direct comparison of concentrations. Nevertheless, caution should be exercised when building correlations because of the different testing conditions in the two test setups.
Osmotic Pressure of Salt-Free Polyelectrolyte Solutions: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study

The osmotic pressure of salt-free polyelectrolyte solutions is studied using Monte Carlo simulations. The polymer molecules are modeled as freely jointed chains of charged hard spheres, the counterions are modeled as charged hard spheres, and the solvent is a dielectric continuum. In dilute solutions, the dominant contribution to the excess part of the osmotic pressure comes from electrostatic interactions, resulting in an osmotic coefficient that decreases with increasing concentration. In concentrated solutions, the hard sphere contribution is dominant, and the osmotic coefficient is an increasing function of concentration. By considering different terms in the pressure equation, the excess part of the osmotic coefficient is decomposed into polymer−polymer, polymer−counterion, and counterion−counterion contributions. (The electrostatic contribution can only be decomposed into two contributions because of charge neutrality.) The polymer−counterion contribution is dominant over polymer or counterion contr.
N-Aryl- and N-Thienylcarbazoles with Dimesitylboryl and 1,3,2-Benzodiazaborolyl Functions

The reaction of the N-lithiated 3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole with fluorodimesitylborane afforded the N-carbazolyl-functionalized dimesitylborane 1 as a colorless solid in 70% yield. [4-(3,6-Di-tert-butylcarbazol-9-yl) phenyl]dimesitylborane (2) was synthesized in 59% yield by the lithiation of N-(4-bromophenyl)-3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole and the subsequent treatment of the organolithium compound with fluorodimesitylborane. Synthesis of yellow crystalline [5-(carbazol-9-yl)-2-thienyl]dimesitylborane 3 was effected in 66% yield by the lithiation of 3,6-di-tert-butyl-N-(2-thienyl)carbazole and the subsequent reaction with fluorodimesitylborane. Coupling of N-(4-bromophenyl)-3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole and 2-bromo-1,3-diethyl-1,3,2-benzodiazaborole with magnesium metal in boiling THF in the presence of lithium chloride led to the formation of the functionalized benzodiazaborole 5 as a colorless solid in 68% yield. Compounds 1-3 and 5 were characterized by elemental analyses, IR and NMR spectroscopy ((1)H, (11)B, (13)C) and mass spectrometry. The molecular structures of 1 and 3 were elucidated by X-ray diffraction analyses. The borylated systems show intense blue luminescence. The spectroscopic results were reproduced by TD-DFT calculations at the [B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)] level of theory. Thus, it was discovered that the LUMOs of 1-3 are located on the vacant 2p(z) orbital of the boron atom with contributions of the pi* orbital of the phenyl (in 2) or thiophene (in 3) unit, whereas the HOMOs are mainly represented by the carbazolyl unit.
Determination of Chlorpyrifos and its Metabolites in Rat Blood Using Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Abstract A method has been developed to quantify chlorpyrifos (O,O‐diethyl O‐[3,5,6,‐trichloro‐2‐pyridyl] phosphorothionate) and its metabolites chlorpyrifos‐oxon (O,O‐diethyl‐O[3,5,6,trichloro‐2‐pyridyl] phosphate) and TCP (3,5,6,‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol) in rat blood by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS). Rat blood was treated by liquid‐liquid extraction and the analytes were separated by gradient elution on an Agilent Zorbax Extended‐C8 column (2.0×150 mm, 5 µm). Chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos‐oxon were detected in positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). TCP was detected in negative ion mode using parent‐to‐parent transition monitoring. This method was validated and the specificity, linearity, limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision, accuracy, stability, and recoveries were determined. The method was then applied to determine the level of chlorpyrifos and its metabolites from rats exposed to a subcutaneous injection of 10 and 18 mg/kg.
From Building to Bildung : Engineering Students’ Motivation Towards Interacting with Society

In this study 567 engineering students are asked about their motivation for becoming engineers, and what non-technical topics engineers should know about. The study is conducted in connection with teaching the course “Introduction to the engineering profession”, that incorporates Bildung-related topics into the engineering education. The data suggests that intrinsic motivations connecting to the engineering profession were common, and that many students have the prospect of building, creating or developing as a central motivational factor. The paper suggests using this as a starting point to raise perspectives of engineers as builders also of society and incorporating discussions around the societal role of an engineer, while also teaching subjects like ethics from a “technology and ethics” starting point. This seems the most fruitful way to dip into the intrinsic motivation of the engineering students when teaching topics where they themselves may not immediately see the connection to their role as engineers in making.
Simple Correlated Wavefunctions for the Ground State of Heliumlike Atoms

A number of correlated wavefunctions of simple form were investigated for heliumlike atoms. Instead of the usual Hylleraas expansion the wavefunctions considered contained exponential correlation functions with nonlinear variational parameters. Wavefunctions of this type are usually avoided because of the nonlinear parameters. However, this type of function was chosen to try to determine some simple but relatively good wavefunctions for use in computing atomic properties. Results for atomic numbers 1 through 3 are presented.
pH and level controller for a pH neutralization process

A model reference adaptive control scheme is designed for the control of both the pH and level variables in a neutralization process in a continuously stirred tank reactor. In this adaptive scheme, the control and parameter estimation laws are derived based on a reference model approach for nonlinearly parametrized systems. By suitably choosing the parameter update and control laws, the algorithms are much simplified for this pH problem. Global stability and zero tracking errors for both pH and level can be achieved with this new adaptive controller. Simulation and comparative results are given to illustrate the control scheme. Experimental results are given for the pH control.
Interdependency of Gas Phase Intermediates and Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes

The main gas phase intermediates, leading the efficient chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), have been explored through systematic experimental and theoretical studies. The growth efficiencies of the basic radical/neutral species (sp2 C2: C2H3/C2H4, sp3 C2: C2H5/C2H6, and sp3 C1: CH3/CH4) have been compared by supplying C2H4, C2H6, and CH4, as carbon sources to grow SWCNTs. The gaseous composition of the exhaust was analyzed by an in situ direct sampling mass spectrometric technique using vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)-single photon ionization (SPI)-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS). For verification via theoretical prediction, a CHEMKIN calculation was performed. A kinetic analysis of the experimental and theoretical results was compared with thermal decomposition phenomena of the used hydrocarbons, and hence, it was concluded that the key gas phase intermediates produced from the complex gas phase reactions as a final and efficient species capable of initiati.
Oxidation of silicon–germanium alloys. I. An experimental study

The oxidation of polycrystalline SixGe1−x films with different compositions (i.e., different values of x) is carried out in pyrogenic steam at 800 °C for various lengths of time. It is found that the oxidation is enhanced by the presence of germanium and that the enhancement effect is more pronounced for the films richer in germanium. A mixed oxide in the form of either (Si,Ge)O2 or SiO2–GeO2 is found at the sample surface if the initial SixGe1−x contains more than 50% of germanium. However, a surface silicon cap layer of about 14 nm is found to have a significant impact on the oxidation of the Si0.5Ge0. 5 films; it leads to the growth of about 115-nm-thick SiO2 which is about four times that of the SiO2 resulting from the oxidation of the cap layer itself. On the SixGe1−x films with only 30% of germanium, the SiO2 continues to grow after oxidation for 180 min resulting in 233-nm-thick SiO2 which is about 2.4 times greater than the SiO2 grown on 〈100〉 silicon substrates. Rejection of germanium results in p.
Oleylamine-Stabilized Gold Nanostructures for Bioelectronic Assembly. Direct Electrochemistry of Cytochrome c

Methods to prepare ultrathin gold nanowires and monodisperse nanoparticles based on the intrinsic property of gold(I) ions to form aurophilic interactions stabilized by oleylamine and long-chain alkylamine have been widely explored. Due to the low thermodynamic stability of the high aspect ratio nanostructures, their conjugation and assembly into functional nanosystems have not been explored so far. One of the reasons for this is that the surface of the nanostructures is insulated by stabilization compounds, which preserve the integrity of the nanostructures but at the same time form an insulating barrier in electronic and electrochemical systems in contact areas and for the charge transfer reactions. Conjugation of a metalloprotein cytochrome c (Cyt c) with oleylamine-stabilized gold ultrathin nanowires and nanoparticles into a bioelectrochemically active nanoarchitecture is presented here for the first time. Methods of preparing and assembling the ultrathin nanowires and nanoparticles on the thin-film g.
Successful Chain Extension of Polyacrylate and Polystyrene Macroinitiators with Methacrylates in an ARGET and ICAR ATRP

Well-defined block copolymers poly(n-butyl acrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate-co-styrene) and polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate-co-styrene) were synthesized using activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) and initiators for continuous activator regeneration (ICAR) for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). In order to overcome the poor initiation efficiency of polystyrene and poly(n-butyl acrylate) macroinitiators during chain extension with methacrylates, a small amount of styrene was used as a comonomer in the second block. To determine the percentage of styrene necessary for efficient chain extension, studies with low molecular weight alkyl halide initiators that model the poly(n-butyl acrylate) and polystyrene macroinitiators, respectively, were performed. Extension from the macroinitiators was then conducted using the appropriate methyl methacrylate/styrene comonomer mixture to obtain well-defined block copolymers, for example, starting from poly(n-butyl acrylate) macroinitiato.
Ditopic Cyclodextrin-Based Receptors: New Perspectives in Aqueous Organometallic Catalysis

The mass transfer properties of mono- and ditopic β-cyclodextrin-based receptors have been evaluated in a biphasic palladium-catalyzed Tsuji― Trost reaction and compared to one of the best mass-transfer promoters, namely the randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin. While monotopic receptors appeared to be poor mass-transfer promoters of long alkyl chain allyl carbonates or urethanes, cooperative effects have been evidenced with ditopic cyclodextrin-based receptors, opening new perspectives in aqueous organometallic catalysis.
Vibrational Spectroscopy of Phenols and Phenolic Polymers. Theory, Experiment, and Applications

Abstract In the first part of this review, the authors give a survey on the literature of vibrational spectroscopy of phenol, phenol derivatives, and other phenolic componds from the last decade of the last century through today. The classical and modern methods of vibrational spectroscopy are also introduced and a glossary is included to aid comprehension. The second part deals with the literature regarding the importance of vibrational spectroscopy in the investigation and identification of phenolic compounds in natural substances, the application of vibrational spectroscopy in composite and synthetic polymer chemistry, and following of chemical processes and investigating their resulting products. Vibrational spectroscopy is a very good tool for determination of molecular structures and is important in chemical analysis and in the chemical industry.
Stabilization of the dipole alignment of poled nonlinear optical polymers by ultrastructure synthesis

A new approach to attaining long term and high temperature stability of second-order nonlinear optical effects has been developed. Two side-chain copolymers containing dipole-end cross-linkable chromophore pendants were synthesized from a double-end cross-linkable (DEC) chromophore monomer. The polymer solutions containing a cross-linker were spin cast into optical quality thin films, which were subsequently poled by an electric fiield, using a corona configuration, and thermally cross-linked. Second-order susceptibilities, χ (2) , on the order of 10 -7 esu, of the polymer films were measured by the second harmonic generation (SHG) at 1.06-μm fundamental wavelength
Physiotherapists’ Use of Web-Based Information Resources to Fulfill Their Information Needs During a Theoretical Examination: Randomized Crossover Trial

Background The widespread availability of internet-connected smart devices in the health care setting has the potential to improve the delivery of research evidence to the care pathway and fulfill health care professionals’ information needs. Objective This study aims to evaluate the frequency with which physiotherapists experience information needs, the capacity of digital information resources to fulfill these needs, and the specific types of resources they use to do so. Methods A total of 38 participants (all practicing physiotherapists; 19 females, 19 males) were randomly assigned to complete three 20-question multiple-choice questionnaire (MCQ) examinations under 3 conditions in a randomized crossover study design: assisted by a web browser, assisted by a federated search portal system, and unassisted. MCQ scores, times, and frequencies of information needs were recorded for overall examination-level and individual question-level analyses. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess differences between conditions for the primary outcomes. A log file analysis was conducted to evaluate participants’ web search and retrieval behaviors. Results Participants experienced an information need in 55.59% (845/1520) MCQs (assisted conditions only) and exhibited a mean improvement of 10% and 16% in overall examination scores for the federated search and web browser conditions, respectively, compared with the unassisted condition (P<.001). In the web browser condition, Google was the most popular resource and the only search engine used, accounting for 1273 (64%) of hits, followed by PubMed (195 hits; 10% of total). In the federated search condition, Wikipedia and PubMed were the most popular resources with 1518 (46% of total) and 1273 (39% of total) hits, respectively. Conclusions In agreement with the findings of previous research studies among medical physicians, the results of this study demonstrate that physiotherapists frequently experience information needs. This study provides new insights into the preferred digital information resources used by physiotherapists to fulfill these needs. Future research should clarify the implications of physiotherapists’ apparent high reliance on Google, whether these results reflect the authentic clinical environment, and whether fulfilling clinical information needs alters practice behaviors or improves patient outcomes.
Nanoengineered Catalyst Particles as a Key for Tailor-Made Carbon Nanotubes

Independent control of density and diameter of carbon nanotubes (CNT) is achieved by catalytic growth from iron nanoparticles pre-defined by inert gas condensation. This two-stage process offers the opportunity to investigate the particles prior to the CNT growth, thereby providing deeper insight into the growth mechanisms. The intimate correlation between particle and CNT diameters at particle densities, where interparticle coalescence is unavoidable, points to the nucleation of CNT setting in prior to this coalescence process.