Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What is P-20 and its Relationship to Engineering Technology?

The P-20 program encompasses P-16, postsecondary education and further includes business and community learning requirements. P-20 has been an evolutionary movement which was first K16, then P-16 and finally the term P-20 which included graduate schools. The current P-20 environment includes the previously defined areas and expands into lifelong learning, including business and community organizations. P-20 educational and economic opportunities, including financial requirements, are explored. The paper reviews the definition of P-20 and how P-20 supports Engineering Technology. Supporting information illustrates the program values and beliefs for P-20 leaders. P-20 leaders must be innovators, exploring creative solutions to resolve educational issues and problems. The role of innovation in education and the importance of the development of new teaching methods and solutions are examined. The successful P-20 leader must implement ideas and new methods. The importance of successful innovation implementation is researched. Leadership development is important to the P-20 student, and the requirements of leadership are explained. Diversity and the requirements for understanding the many conditions of diversity are explored and summarized. An understanding of how P-20 helps to coordinate the efforts of funding, programming and aligning the efforts of P-16, including postsecondary education and having participation from the workforce and organizations is presented
A Colour Doppler Study of Retrobulbar Blood Flow Parameters in Patients of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: A Case Series from India

Background: Present definition of ‘Primary Open Angle Glaucoma’ considers raised intraocular pressure (IOP) as one of the risk factors for this disease. Association of alterations in ocular blood flow has been considered another risk factor, Moreover the eye being treated for glaucoma could be a part of wider systemic dysfunction of auto-regulation of ocular blood flow. This hypothesis is further backed up with the recognition of normal tension glaucoma as a clinical entity and observation of progressive glaucomatous damage despite IOP control. This study was, thus, undertaken to study retrobulbar blood flow using colour Doppler imaging (CDI) in patients of glaucoma and to see how the control of IOP affected these parameters. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study involving 43 freshly diagnosed patients of POAG and 30 controls. Peak systolic velocity (PSV) and mean end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistivity index (RI) were studied in ophthalmic artery (OA), in central retinal artery (CRA) and short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCA). Values were compared with those of normal controls and also pre and post treatment among patients of POAG. Results: Mean PSV and EDV were found to be significantly low in OA and CRA only in patients of POAG compared to controls. Once target pressure was achieved, blood flow parameters were similar to non glaucomatous eyes. Conclusions: Blood flow in retrobulbar vessels is reduced among glaucomatous eyes as compared to the normal population. Once target pressure is achieved, blood flow parameters become similar to non glaucomatous eyes suggestive of improved blood flow as a function of reduced IOP. Colour Doppler imaging is not found to be reliable for measuring blood flow in SPCA. Role of RI as a true measure of resistance to blood flow is unclear. Key Words: Colour doppler imaging, End diastolic velocity (EDV), Peak systolic velocity (PSV), Primary open angle glaucoma, Resistivity index (RI), Retrobulbar blood
Evaluation of families with two or more mastectomized women : a case study

Aim: to evaluate the structure, development and functionality of families with more than one woman with breast malignancy and mastectomies. Method: this is a qualitative study involving the theoretical basis of structural, developmental and functional categories, as proposed by the Calgary model, and using case study as a methodological strategy. Data was collected through home visits with 10 families with mastectomized women, between August 2014 and February 2015.Results: conflicting subsystems were present in only two families and all presented with support network elements from systems other than family, including neighbors and health institutions. In the care process, the link established that support and frequent monitoring helped to ease some of the difficulties experienced. Conclusion: it is believed that the Calgary model enables a broader view of the family to be taken, better understanding in terms of internal and external relations, and enabled weaknesses and strengths to be balanced. Descriptors: Family; Neoplasms; Nursing; Women’s Health.
Comparing the Different Behavioral Outcomes of Extremism: A Comparison of Violent and Non-Violent Extremists, Acting Alone or as Part of a Group

Abstract Presented here is an exploratory study that compared four kinds of extremists (violent lone, nonviolent lone, violent group member, and nonviolent group member). Thematic analysis of 40 case studies identified five key themes and a number of subthemes that comprised a range of underlying variables. Comparisons of the four groups showed that in many ways violent and nonviolent extremists acting alone or as part of a group do not differ. However there were some variables that distinguished between groups. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for countering and preventing violent extremism.
Simple ultra‐wider‐bandwidth MIMO antenna integrated by double decoupling branches and square‐ring ground structure

A small and simple four‐port ultra‐wideband multiple input multiple output (UWB‐MIMO) antenna is designed in this letter. Each element of the designed antenna is composed of a circular patch, two smaller parasitic U‐shaped patches, a microstrip feed line, and a common square‐ring ground plane. To increase impedance bandwidth and reduce the size, this letter introduces the circular patch, two smaller parasitic U‐shaped patches, and the common square‐ring ground structure with multislits and the truncated corners. On the other hand, all the elements are identical and symmetrical, and neighboring elements are orthogonal to each other for improving the isolation. Furthermore, the double decoupling branches are added on diagonal position of the common square‐ring ground to further enhance the isolation and broaden the bandwidth. Therefore, the proposed UWB‐MIMO antenna is designed by using a novel and effective method of integrating the symmetric layout, orthogonal structure, four‐directional double branches decoupling, parasitic structure, truncated corners, and multislit techniques. Thus, the designed UWB‐MIMO antenna has the small physical size of 40 mm × 40 mm and obtains the ultra‐wider bandwidth of 3.0 to 18.0 GHz, higher isolation (>20 dB), smaller envelope correlation coefficient ( ρe < 0.03), and higher multiplex efficiency ( ηmux > −3.0 dB). Besides, the UWB‐MIMO antenna also achieves the acceptable peak realized gain, and stable radiating characteristics. Consequently, the designed antenna can be used for most UWB‐MIMO applications.
How does the incompatibility of different vehicle types affect the odds of driver injury?

Abstract The effect of vehicles’ compatibility on the odds of death or injury of drivers involved in two-vehicle crashes was investigated. This was done through indexing Crashworthiness (CW) and Crashaggressivity (CA) of major vehicle types. For this purpose, a dataset consisting the information about 551,138 drivers involved in two-vehicle crashes in Iran was used and a two-step analysis framework was employed. In this regard, the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) method was applied in the first step to identify the most significant factors contributing to drivers’ Injury Status (IS). Next, Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) with a Binomial distribution and a Logit link function were constructed to examine the CW and CA of different vehicle types while considering potential correlation of injury status of the two drivers involved in the same crash. As a result, the most incompatible combination of vehicles in terms of CW and CA were identified and their effects on the IS of drivers were discussed. Results also revealed that other crash characteristics such as rural crashes, head-on collisions, and crashes which occur at sunrise might significantly increase the odds of driver’s death or injury. The findings of this study can be compared with the results of other similar studies across the world to obtain a holistic view over the impact of vehicle incompatibility on the traffic safety.
An Approach Based on Knowledge-Defined Networking for Identifying Heavy-Hitter Flows in Data Center Networks

Heavy-Hitters (HHs) are large-volume flows that consume considerably more network resources than other flows combined. In SDN-based DCNs (SDDCNs), HHs cause non-trivial delays for small-volume flows known as non-HHs that are delay-sensitive. Uncontrolled forwarding of HHs leads to network congestion and overall network performance degradation. A pivotal task for controlling HHs is their identification. The existing methods to identify HHs are threshold-based. However, such methods lack a smart system that efficiently identifies HH according to the network behaviour. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to overcome this lack and investigate the feasibility of using Knowledge-Defined Networking (KDN) in HH identification. KDN by using Machine Learning (ML), allows integrating behavioural models to detect patterns, like HHs, in SDN traffic. Our KDN-based approach includes mainly three modules: HH Data Acquisition Module (HH-DAM), Data ANalyser Module (HH-DANM), and APplication Module (HH-APM). In HH-DAM, we present the flowRecorder tool for organizing packets into flows records. In HH-DANM, we perform a cluster-based analysis to determine an optimal threshold for separating HHs and non-HHs. Finally, in HH-APM, we propose the use of MiceDCER for routing non-HHs efficiently. The per-module evaluation results corroborate the usefulness and feasibility of our approach for identifying HHs.
A cross-cultural analysis of perceived product quality, perceived risk and purchase intention in e-commerce platforms

Purpose While there have always been cultural differences between countries and between individuals, the virtualisation of markets is rendering the impact of these differences even more salient. There is clear evidence that cultural dimensions are relevant in the adoption and use of e-commerce. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the significant effects of individual cultural dimensions on perceived product quality, perceived risk and purchase intention in e-commerce platforms. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire was developed to serve as a tool of measurement. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine whether all the indicators for the constructs are reliable. A multiple regression analysis was carried out to test the hypotheses. Findings The results reveal that, in the case of e-commerce platforms, the cultural dimensions uncertainty-avoidance and collectivism exert a significant influence on perceived product quality, perceived risk and purchase intention. Research limitations/implications The present study is based on real well-known e-commerce platforms which could have influenced the responses of the sample due to potential past experiences of use. An experimental design based on fictitious platforms could offer more objective findings. Practical implications This research contributes to the understanding of e-commerce and the behaviour of consumers during online purchasing, taking into account the cultural differences that may exist between them. Originality/value The literature on individual cultural dimensions – that is, non-national cases – and the variables analysed in the present study suffers from great limitations. This study complements a growing interest in analysing the individual cultural dimensions and their effects on the sphere of e-commerce, specifically on perceived product quality, purchase intention and perceived risk during browsing, measured in terms of the six types of risk prevalent in e-commerce platforms.
Optimal Series Resistors for On-Wafer Calibrations

The series resistor (SR) is a common on-wafer device typically used in the series-resistor (SR) calibration and for estimating the capacitance per unit length of coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines. While much work has been done using SRs, this article addresses the design of the resistor itself, considering both its dc resistance value and geometry, and evaluates which resistor is the best resistor. We fabricated 48 different SRs with dc resistances ranging from approximately 1 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> to over 6 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{k}\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and tested their utility in the SR calibration and in extracting the capacitance per unit length of CPW transmission lines. We found that a dc resistance near 100 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> produces the best SR calibration when compared to multiline thru-reflect-line. For extracting the capacitance per unit length, resistors with a dc resistance near 150 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and shorter than 20 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> long gave the capacitance values with the lowest uncertainty. In addition, we provide some guidance on choosing frequency bounds for the capacitance estimation. These results are of interest to anyone who performs on-wafer calibrations.
Clinical Effect of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Combined with Concomitant and Adjuvant Temozolomide in the Treatment for Malignant Glioma

[Purpose] To investigate clinical efficacy of intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) combined with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide(TMZ) in the treatment for malignant glioma. [Methods] A total of 28 malignant glioma cases(grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ) pathologically proved were enrolled.After 40Gy/20f/4w by conventional fractionation irradiation delivered through whole brain left/right fields,IMRT was started as a boost.The irradiation dose of doseescalation was 20Gy/4f/2w;TMZ was given for 6 cycles at the same time,then at least 2 cycles by the routine treatment. [Results] The median survival time and the progression free survival time were 11.5 months and 7.2 months respectively.1-year and 2-year survival rate were 53.57% and 25.00% respectively.The common side effects were nausea,vomiting;hematologic toxicity was white cells and platelets decreased(degreeⅠ～Ⅱ). [Conclusion] IMRT plus concomitant and adjuvant TMZ for malignant glioma is safe and effective,with mild adverse reactions.
A Digital Twin of Bridges for Structural Health Monitoring

© International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring. All rights reserved. Bridges are critical infrastructure systems connecting different regions and providing widespread social and economic benefits. It is therefore essential that they are designed, constructed and maintained properly to adapt to changing conditions of use and climate-driven events. With the rapid development in capability of collecting bridge monitoring data, a data challenge emerges due to insufficient capability in managing, processing and interpreting large monitoring datasets to extract useful information which is of practical value to the industry. One emerging area of research which focuses on addressing this challenge is the creation of 'digital twins' for bridges. A digital twin serves as a virtual representation of the physical infrastructure (i.e. the physical twin), which can be updated in near real time as new data is collected, provide feedback into the physical twin and perform 'what-if scenarios for assessing asset risks and predicting asset performance. This paper presents and broadly discusses two years of exploratory study towards creating a digital twin of bridges for structural health monitoring purposes. In particular, it has involved an interdisciplinary collaboration between civil engineers at the Cambridge Centre for Smart Infrastructure and Construction (CSIC) and statisticians at the Alan Turing Institute (ATI), using two monitored railway bridges in Staffordshire, UK as a case study. Four areas of research were investigated: (i) real-time data management using BIM, (ii) physics-based approaches, (iii) data-driven approaches, and (iv) data-centric engineering approaches (i.e. synthesis of physics-based and data-driven approaches). A framework for creating a digital twin of bridges, particularly for structural health monitoring purposes, is proposed and briefly discussed.
Reducing Soft Error Rate of SoCs Analog-to-Digital Interfaces With Design Diversity Redundancy

In this article, a commercial programmable system-on-chip (PSoC 5, from Cypress Semiconductor) is tested under heavy-ion irradiation with a focus on the analog-to-digital interface blocks of the system. For this purpose, a data acquisition system (DAS) was programmed into the device under test and protected with a design diversity redundancy technique. This technique implements different levels of diversity (architectural and temporal) by using two different architectures of converters (a $\Sigma \Delta $ converter and two successive approximation register (SAR) converters) operating with distinct sampling rates. The experiment was performed in a vacuum chamber, using a 16O ion beam with 36-MeV energy and sufficient penetration into the silicon to produce an effective linear energy transfer (LET) of 5.5 MeV/mg/cm2 at the active region. The average flux was approximately 350 particles/s/cm2 for 246 min. The individual susceptibility of each converter to single-event effects is evaluated, as well as the whole system cross section. Results show that the proposed technique is effective to mitigate errors originating at the converters since 100% of such errors were corrected by using the diversity redundancy technique. Results also show that the processing unit of the system is susceptible to hangs that can be mitigated using watchdog techniques.
Stochastic Distributed Pinning Control for Co-Multi-Inverter Networks With a Virtual Leader

This brief develops a stochastic distributed pinning control scheme for the voltage regulation of co-multi-inverter (CMI) networks subject to additive noise and symmetric time-delay disturbances. In actual CMI networks, the information exchange among multiple and cooperative inverters may be disturbed by communication noises and affected by communication time delays. Towards that end, the proposed distributed pinning control scheme can synchronize the terminal voltages of inverters to their reference value by a virtual leader through sparse communication networks considering time delays and noise disturbances in mean square convergence. By means of the stochastic analysis tools and algebraic graph theory, distributed pinning protocols are developed to be employed for CMIs, in which manner the criteria for the delay boundedness considering noise disturbances to maintain the system stability are derived. Simulation results on a CMI system are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed control protocols.
A New Optimized ANN Algorithm Based Single Phase Grid Connected PV-Wind System Using Single Switch High Gain DC-DC Converter

Received: 20 March 2019 Accepted: 29 June 2019 A novel topology of Single phase grid connected system based on photo voltaic system through high gain single switch DC-DC Luo converter is proposed in this paper. In this novel topology the single phase grid connected to PV-Wind system followed by Luo converter and single phase voltage source inverter. The PV system voltage fluctuation problems are overcome by maximum power point tracking algorithm. The new optimized Artificial Neural Network technique (ANN) is used. It extracts the maximum power from the PV system. To compare the conventional schemes the proposed topology is modeled with the help of reference frames includes direct axis and quadrature axis elements. The LUO converter inherits the advantages compared to other DC-DC to converter topologies. The ANN based MPPT algorithm shows excellent performance under various testing conditions and the outcomes are differentiated with P&O algorithm and Fuzzy based MPPT algorithm. The PWM generators are used to trigger the inverter and LUO converter. Steady state and transient response of the controllers are discussed and implement the excellent operation of the PV fed energy system. The grid current synchronization is achieved by using PI controller also reduces the THD and satisfies the IEEE harmonics standard. The proposed system reduces the power quality issues in the PV based single phase grid connected system.
Optimal Day-Ahead Scheduling of a Smart Micro-Grid via a Probabilistic Model for Considering the Uncertainty of Electric Vehicles’ Load

This paper presents a new model based on the Monte Carlo simulation method for considering the uncertainty of electric vehicles’ charging station’s load in a day-ahead operation optimization of a smart micro-grid. In the proposed model, some uncertain effective factors on the electric vehicles’ charging station’s load including battery capacity, type of electric vehicles, state of charge, charging power level and response to energy price changes are considered. In addition, other uncertainties of operating parameters such as market price, photovoltaic generation and loads are also considered. Therefore, various stochastic scenarios are generated and involved in a cost minimization problem, which is formulated in the form of mixed-integer linear programming. Finally, the proposed model is simulated on a typical micro-grid with two 60 kW micro-turbines, a 60 kW photovoltaic unit and some loads. The results showed that by applying the proposed model for estimation of charging station load, the total operation cost decreased.
The Adaptive Sliding Mode Reactive Power Control Strategy for Wind–Diesel Power System Based on Sliding Mode Observer

Wind power may become the key development area of the renewable energy industry planning. Due to the fluctuated wind output power, the system parameter uncertainties and load disturbances, these may lead to the unstable operation of renewable energy power system for the larger voltage deviation. Therefore, the novel control strategy is proposed for the load side converter (LSC) of double-fed induction generator (DFIG) to improve the stability of power system, which is designed by taking advantage of adaptive sliding mode (SM) method and sliding mode observer (SMO). Furthermore, the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is also controlled through the designed adaptive SM reactive power controller, which can supply the reactive power compensation for the interconnected wind-diesel power system. Moreover, the LSC state variables need to be estimated by the SMO, which is constructed according to the established mathematical state model. Based on the estimated state variables, the designed reactive power controller is established for LSC by adaptive SM algorithm and fuzzy algorithm. The reactive power controller includes two parts. One is the designed SM controller by taking advantage of the estimated state variables and state control model. The other is micro-regulated part and the control signal is calculated by using fuzzy algorithm according to the system voltage deviation online. Experiment studies are performed by using RTDS to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy and assure the stability of wind-diesel power system under different operation conditions.