Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
eNOS, a pressure-dependent regulator of intraocular pressure.

PURPOSE Pathology in the primary drainage pathway for aqueous humor in the eye is responsible for ocular hypertension, the only treatable risk factor in patients with glaucoma. Unfortunately, the mechanisms that regulate pressure-dependent drainage of aqueous humor and thus intraocular pressure (IOP) are unknown. To better understand one possible underlying molecular factor that regulates IOP, nitric oxide (NO), pressure-dependent drainage in transgenic mice overexpressing endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) was studied. METHODS IOP was measured by rebound tonometry in mice, and pressure versus flow data were measured by ex vivo perfusion at multiple pressures between 8 and 45 mm Hg, using mock AH ±100 μM L-NAME. A subset of eyes was examined histologically using standard techniques or was assayed for fusion protein expression by Western blot analysis. RESULTS IOP was lower (9.6 ± 2.7 vs. 11.4 ± 2.5 mm Hg; mean ± SD; P = 0.04) and pressure-dependent drainage was higher (0.0154 ± 0.006 vs. 0.0066 ± 0.0009 μL/min/mm Hg; P = 0.002) in the transgenic mice than in the wild-type animals; however, pressure-independent drainage was unaffected. The NOS inhibitor L-NAME normalized pressure-dependent drainage in transgenic animals. For IOP >35 mm Hg, the slope of the pressure-flow curve in wild-type mice increased to match that seen in transgenic mice. Shear stress in the pressure-dependent pathway at elevated pressures was calculated to be in a range known to affect eNOS expression and activity in vascular endothelia. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial NOS overexpression lowers IOP by increasing pressure-dependent drainage in the mouse eye. Data are consistent with NO's having a mechanoregulatory role in aqueous humor dynamics, with eNOS induction at elevated IOPs leading to increased pressure-dependent outflow.
The Haemophilus influenzae Hia Autotransporter Contains an Unusually Short Trimeric Translocator Domain*

Gram-negative bacterial autotransporter proteins are a growing group of virulence factors that are characterized by their ability to cross the outer membrane without the help of accessory proteins. A conserved C-terminal β-domain is critical for targeting of autotransporters to the outer membrane and for translocation of the N-terminal “passenger” domain to the bacterial surface. We have demonstrated previously that the Haemophilus influenzae Hia adhesin belongs to the autotransporter family, with translocator activity residing in the C-terminal 319 residues. To gain further insight into the mechanism of autotransporter protein translocation, we performed a structure-function analysis on Hia. In initial experiments, we generated a series of in-frame deletions and a set of chimeric proteins containing varying regions of the Hia C terminus fused to a heterologous passenger domain and discovered that the final 76 residues of Hia are both necessary and sufficient for translocation. Analysis by flow cytometry revealed that the region N-terminal to this shortened translocator domain is surface localized, further suggesting that this region is not involved in β-barrel formation or in translocation of the passenger domain. Western analysis demonstrated that the translocation-competent regions of the C terminus migrated at masses consistent with trimers, suggesting that the Hia C terminus oligomerizes. Furthermore, fusion proteins containing a heterologous passenger domain demonstrated that similarly small C-terminal regions of Yersinia sp. YadA and Neisseria meningitidis NhhA are translocation-competent. These data provide experimental support for a unique subclass of autotransporters characterized by a short trimeric translocator domain.
Sponge aggregation factor: In situ localization by fluorescent monoclonal antibody techniques

The aggregation factor (AF) from sponges mediates a heterophilic interaction of homologous cells. Applying electron microscopical means, we succeeded only very rarely in identifying the 90 S AF particle in tissue sections from Geodia cydonium. By means of a fluorescent antibody technique, we have now localized the cell binding domain of the AF in situ. Previous studies in this laboratory have led to the identification of the 47‐kDa cell binding protein of the AF, using the monoclonal antibody (mab) 5D2‐D11 [Gramzow M, Bachmann M, Zahn RK, Uhlenbruck G, Dorn A, Müller WEG, J Cell Biol, 102:1344–1349, 1986]. This mab and mab 7D5, directed against a 92‐kDa protein in the AF complex, were chosen for the fluorescent studies. By using mab 5D2‐D11, the plasma membranes of cells from different regions in the sponge could be brightly stained. However, mab 7D5 reacted only very weakly with the sponge surfaces. By applying the immuno‐blotting technique it was furthermore demonstrated that the cell binding protein is present both in the associated form with AF complex and in a free state. Moreover, it was established that the 47‐kDa binding protein is not present in (1) homologous glycoconjugates, (2) lectin, or (3) collagen; these components are known to be involved in cell‐matrix interaction.
Balance of humanoid robots by proper foot placement

When humanoid robots are going to be used in society, they should be capable to maintain their balance. Balance of bipedal robots is defined as the state of the robot in which it is not fallen. We say that a robot is/remains in balance as long as it did not fall/is not going to fall. Balance of bipedal robots has been analyzed using numerous approaches. These approaches can rigorously be divided into two groups.
Sizing of an Energy Storage System for Grid Inertial Response and Primary Frequency Reserve

Large-scale integration of renewable energy sources in power system leads to the replacement of conventional power plants (CPPs) and consequently challenges in power system reliability and security are introduced. This study is focused on improving the grid frequency response after a contingency event in the power system with a high penetration of wind power. An energy storage system (ESS) might be a viable solution for providing inertial response and primary frequency regulation. A methodology has been presented here for the sizing of the ESS in terms of required power and energy. It describes the contribution of the ESS to the grid, in terms of inertial constant and droop. The methodology is applied to a 12-bus grid model with high wind power penetration. The estimated ESS size for inertial response and primary frequency regulation services are validated through real-time simulations. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the ESS can provide the response similar to that provided by the CPPs.
Stopping duplicate bug reports before they start with Continuous Querying for bug reports

Bug deduplication is a hot topic in software engineering information retrieval research, but it is often not deployed. Typically to de-duplicate bug reports developers rely upon the search capabilities of the bug report software they employ, such as Bugzilla, Jira, or Github Issues. These search capabilities range from simple SQL string search to IR-based word indexing methods employed by search engines. Yet too often these searches do very little to stop the creation of duplicate bug reports. Some bug trackers have more than 10% of their bug reports marked as duplicate. Perhaps these bug tracker search engines are not enough? In this paper we propose a method of attempting to prevent duplicate bug reports before they start: continuous querying. That is as the bug reporter types in their bug report their text is used to query the bug database to find duplicate or related bug reports. This continuous querying allows the reporter to be alerted to duplicate bug reports as they report the bug, rather than formulating queries to find the duplicate bug report. Thus this work ushers in a new way of evaluating bug report deduplication techniques, as well as a new kind of bug deduplication task. We show that simple IR measures show some promise for addressing this problem but also that further research is needed to refine this novel process that is integrate-able into modern bug report systems.
A Shape-From-Shading Algorithm Using Photometric Stereo

We present a simple shape-from-shading algorithm that uses two shading images. This enables us to estimate more accurate shapes of objects without any special constraints or conditions than the existing photometric stereo algorithms. The Jacobi’s iterative method is applied to the difference between the image and the reflectance function represented as a function of three depth parameters for each of the two images, and the resulting two iterative relations are combined to get a single iterative relation. The algorithm is analytically shown to be numerically stable. Two supplementary methods are also presented to enhance its applicability. Computer experiments clearly show its usefulness and robustness to noise. Typically it takes seconds using a 1.2GHz Pentium III PC to get shapes from two 50x50 shading images.
Cross-Sectional Studies in Periodontal Disease: Current Status and Implications for Dental Practice

This paper reviews the cross-sectional national studies of periodontal disease conducted over the past 30 years. Studies included are the 1960-62 HES study (NCHS), the 1971-74 NHANES I study (NCHS), the 1981 RTI study (HRSA), and the 1985-86 Employed Adults study (NIDR). For each of these surveys, the population studied, the general sampling strategy, the periodontal measures collected, and the periodontal findings are compared in this paper. Compared with the first three studies, the NIDR 1985-86 findings appear markedly lower, implying that there has been a decline in the prevalence of periodontal disease. Two possible inferences from these studies are that: (1) there has been a decline in the prevalence of periodontal disease in recent years or (2) the sampling and measurement methods may be sufficiently different for these lower numbers to result. Each inference is explored, with the authors concluding that the latter is more plausible. The implications for future treatment needs are then estimated, given the marked trends in the size of the aging population. The number of older adults over age 55 who will need periodontal services will increase. The adequacy of the number, type, and distribution of dental care providers to meet these increasing needs is discussed.
Decellularized Extracellular Matrix as an In Vitro Model to Study the Comprehensive Roles of the ECM in Stem Cell Differentiation

Stem cells are a promising cell source for regenerative medicine. Stem cell differentiation must be regulated for applications in regenerative medicine. Stem cells are surrounded by extracellular matrix (ECM) in vivo. The ECM is composed of many types of proteins and glycosaminoglycans that assemble into a complex structure. The assembly of ECM molecules influences stem cell differentiation through orchestrated intracellular signaling activated by many ECM molecules. Therefore, it is important to understand the comprehensive role of the ECM in stem cell differentiation as well as the functions of the individual ECM molecules. Decellularized ECM is a useful in vitro model for studying the comprehensive roles of ECM because it retains a native-like structure and composition. Decellularized ECM can be obtained from in vivo tissue ECM or ECM fabricated by cells cultured in vitro. It is important to select the correct decellularized ECM because each type has different properties. In this review, tissue-derived and cell-derived decellularized ECMs are compared as in vitro ECM models to examine the comprehensive roles of the ECM in stem cell differentiation. We also summarize recent studies using decellularized ECM to determine the comprehensive roles of the ECM in stem cell differentiation.
Detection ofNOTCH1 Mutations in Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma and Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma

We analyzedNOTCH1 gene mutation in 53 adults with mature T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: 21 patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), 25 with T-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (T-NHL), and 7 with T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. We detected a nonsense mutation, C7249T (resulting in Q2417X, where X is a termination codon) in the PEST domain ofNOTCH1 in an ATL patient and detected a 3-bp deletion (positions 7234-7236) that resulted in deletion of a proline codon at codon 2412 in the PEST domain ofNOTCH1 in a patient with a T-NHL, peripheral T-cell lymphoma-unspecified (PTCL-u). We also analyzed the expression ofNOTCH1 target genes(HES1, CCND1, andMYC), all of which were expressed in the sample of the PTCL-u patient with theNOTCH1 mutation, but found onlyMYC to be expressed in the sample from the ATL patient. These findings suggest that nonsense mutation in the PEST domain in the ATL case was associated with NOTCH1 signaling through a pathway different from that for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). AlthoughNOTCH1 mutation occurs infrequently in mature T-cell leukemia/lymphoma,NOTCH1 may be involved in leukemogenesis associated with various forms of T-cell leukemia/lymphoma rather than only with T-ALL.
Effect of food deprivation on distribution of larval and early juvenile cod in experimental vertical temperature and light gradients

How and when food limits the growth and survival of larval fish are essential ques- tions which link oceanography and fisheries science, and theory suggests that food availability may affect survival through behavioural responses. We tested the effect of food deprivation on the vertical distribution of larval cod Gadus morhua in light and temperature gradients during larval and early juvenile stages. Groups of fed (ad lib) and unfed (16 h) larval cod at 16, 30 and 37 d post hatch (dph) and early juvenile cod at 44 dph were repeatedly observed in experimental columns with temperature gradients (110 × 15 cm, 6 to 8°C) for a period of 3 h while the directionality of the light was manipulated. At earlier stages (16 and 30 dph), larvae were distributed mainly in the upper part of the column regardless of the water stratification. The presence of a thermocline reduced the likelihood of cod being observed in the lower part of the column at 37 and 44 dph, but this response was not affected by feeding history. Unfed larvae distributed deeper in the column than fed larvae, but this effect was small (on average, 4.3 cm difference in a 115 cm column). Video analysis of individual swimming behaviour at 44 dph indicated that, while unfed cod would not stay longer or swim deeper into the columns than fed cod, there was an increased number of fish swimming up and down in the column, suggesting an increased motivation to sample new environments. We conclude that short-term food deprivation (16 h) has a small but significant effect on larval vertical distribution, most likely as a consequence of increased prey-search behav- iour, but that temperature and ontogeny were the key factors in determining distribution patterns.
Spreading One's Tweets: How Can Journalists Gain Attention for their Tweeted News?

Traditional news media face many serious concerns as their distribution channels are gradually being taken over by third parties (e.g., bloggers, citizen journalists, and news aggregators). If traditional media is to remain competitive, it needs to develop innovative strategies around these channels, to maximize audience engagement with the news it provides. In this paper, we focus on the issue of developing one such strategy for spreading news on Twitter. Using tweet corpora from two national news ecosystems -- 1.7M tweets from 200 journalists in Ireland and 1.2M tweets from 364 journalists in the UK -- and audience responses to these tweets, we develop predictive models to identify the features of journalists and news tweets that impact audience attention. These analyses reveal that different combinations of features influence audience engagement differentially from one news category to the next (e.g., sport versus business). Using these findings, we suggest a set of guidelines for journalists, designed to help them maximize engagement with the news they tweet. Finally, we discuss how such analyses can inform innovative dissemination strategies in digital media.
Hierarchical cognition cycle for cognitive radio networks

Cognitive radio (CR) can bring about remarkable improvement in spectrum utilization. Different cognition cycles have been proposed in recent years. However, most of the existing works only emphasize functional or operational aspects of cognition cycle, regardless of other indispensable aspects and the connection between them. To deal with the emerging situation of “data rich, information vague, knowledge poor” in cognitive radio networks (CRNs), we propose the hierarchical cognition cycle (HCC) as a new transdisciplinary research field in this paper. HCC investigates a fundamental problem, which is how to manage available resources in the complex environment to meet various demands in CRN. A comprehensive theoretical framework of HCC is established in terms of the core, the essence loop, the function loop, the operation loop, and the external loop of HCC. The reduction of uncertainty in CRN is studied and several new metrics in HCC are defined. Furthermore, a few research challenges ahead are presented as well.
Fine processes of Nestin-GFP–positive radial glia-like stem cells in the adult dentate gyrus ensheathe local synapses and vasculature

Significance A population of adult neural stem cells supplies the dentate gyrus with new neurons that play a role in mechanisms of learning and memory. Radial glia-like stem cells have a unique morphology, including a dense arbor of fine processes that infiltrate the neurogenic niche. Here, we provide what is, to our knowledge, the first detailed ultrastructural description of these processes, and we reveal that these cells establish a variety of contacts with local blood vessels, synapses, and astrocytes. Given that signals derived from neurons, astrocytes, and blood vessels regulate the process of adult neurogenesis, the identification of these contacts provides a structural framework for elucidating the mechanisms by which this regulation occurs. These results contribute to a greater understanding of the adult hippocampal neurogenic niche. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis relies on the activation of neural stem cells in the dentate gyrus, their division, and differentiation of their progeny into mature granule neurons. The complex morphology of radial glia-like (RGL) stem cells suggests that these cells establish numerous contacts with the cellular components of the neurogenic niche that may play a crucial role in the regulation of RGL stem cell activity. However, the morphology of RGL stem cells remains poorly described. Here, we used light microscopy and electron microscopy to examine Nestin-GFP transgenic mice and provide a detailed ultrastructural reconstruction analysis of Nestin-GFP–positive RGL cells of the dentate gyrus. We show that their primary processes follow a tortuous path from the subgranular zone through the granule cell layer and ensheathe local synapses and vasculature in the inner molecular layer. They share the ensheathing of synapses and vasculature with astrocytic processes and adhere to the adjacent processes of astrocytes. This extensive interaction of processes with their local environment could allow them to be uniquely receptive to signals from local neurons, glia, and vasculature, which may regulate their fate.
Modes of Theory Integration

Multiple social science fields, including Information Systems (IS), share a desire to make sense of the how humans, technology and information can be organized to support desired modes of behavior. Over the past three decades IS has tended to import reference theories. More recently there has been increased effort to obtain legitimacy by creating ‘native’ IS theories. While some decry the obsession with theory [1] publication outlets continue to emphasize the primacy of theory development and testing as the maximal contribution to the field [2]. As a result of this emphasis on theory, IS has moved from having a relative paucity of theories about phenomena of interest, to its current state of multiple, overlapping, and overly narrow theories. IS, along with many reference disciplines, are now faced with a problem common to social sciences–how to make sense of a disparate range of theories originating across multiple fields researching the same phenomenon.
X-ray inspection system with two flat panel detectors for extra-large object inspection

The medical imaging technologies and the industrial ones have benefitted from each other. For a baggage inspection for example, multiple-detector helical CT scanning technology has been deployed that was originally developed for a fast volumetric imaging of a patient in clinics. In a helical CT, the detector array and the x-ray source are rotating continuously in a gantry with the slip-ring technology, and the object is moving along the rotation axis. With the slip-ring technology, an elaborate x-ray cable and drum system can be eliminated but may increase the production cost and instability of the system.
Cooperative Prosurvival Activity by ERK and Akt in Human Alveolar Macrophages is Dependent on High Levels of Acid Ceramidase Activity1

Human alveolar macrophages are unique in that they have an extended life span in contrast to precursor monocytes. In evaluating the role of sphingolipids in alveolar macrophage survival, we found high levels of sphingosine, but not sphingosine-1-phosphate. Sphingosine is generated by the action of ceramidase(s) on ceramide, and alveolar macrophages have high constitutive levels of acid ceramidase mRNA, protein, and activity. The high levels of acid ceramidase were specific to alveolar macrophages, because there was little ceramidase protein or activity (or sphingosine) in monocytes from matching donors. In evaluating prolonged survival of alveolar macrophages, we observed a requirement for constitutive activity of ERK MAPK and the PI3K downstream effector Akt. Blocking acid ceramidase but not sphingosine kinase activity in alveolar macrophages led to decreased ERK and Akt activity and induction of cell death. These studies suggest an important role for sphingolipids in prolonging survival of human alveolar macrophages via distinct survival pathways.