Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conspicuous Daughters: Exogamy, Marriage Expenditures, and Son Preference in India

Abstract The literature on son preference postulates a strong link between marriage expenditures, dowry practices, and son preference, leading to the elimination of female foetuses and important discriminatory practices against girls. This statement, however, has not, as far as I know, been tested empirically using a representative sample of the Indian population. Using data from the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) conducted in 2005, this paper shows that marriage expenditures by the bride’s family and dowry payments reduce stated son preference, ceteris paribus, supporting the idea that the bride’s family’s marriage expenditures and dowries are Veblen goods. The results, therefore, support the sankritisation theory, as expensive marriage practices are used to enhance social status. This result is robust to a series of robustness check, including the use of revealed son preference. The main drivers behind son preference appear to be exogamy and the need for old age support. Other important factors are religious beliefs and access to modern information (education and media). Finally, this article also shows that lavish marriage expenditures, for both groom’s and bride’s family, reduce fertility.
Motion based video content indexing

This thesis addresses the problem of content-based video indexing by motion. Our research works cover the 3 fundamental and challenging issues in content-based video indexing: video structure analysis, low-level feature index, high-level semantic description. First, we propose a new rapid shot boundary detection algorithm. The proposed algorithm is able to detect both hard cut and gradual shot boundaries. With the detected shots as building blocks, we develop an adaptive hierarchical tree structure, called 'Scene Tree', for video content description. The 'scene tree' facilitates content based indexing, browsing and retrieval. We also propose a set of motion features in compressed domain: total motion (TM), camera motion (CM), and object motion (OM) as indices for the video content. The 'Scene Tree' together with the proposed TM/CM/OM features provides an integrated approach for parsing, indexing and retrieval of compressed videos. Secondly, we propose a new representation for video motion content. The motion content of the video is represented as a Pixel Change Ratio Map (PCRM). With the proposed video motion representation, two new motion features for video motion content indexing are proposed: 1) motion histogram and 2) motion correlogram. We demonstrate the usefulness of the motion features with three applications: (i) video retrieval, (ii) video clustering and (iii) video classification. With the PCRM based video motion representation, a new motion based key frame extraction method is developed. The proposed key frame extraction method is computationally efficient and flexible. It can rapidly generate key frame based video summary of any desired length. We also study another object based motion descriptor standardized by MPEG-7, motion trajectory. We present an automatic trajectory extraction approach for compressed sports videos. The proposed approach is able to extract arbitrary number of motion trajectories in both stationary and moving camera. The trajectories are extracted through I ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library
Burnout among music therapists: An integrative review

ABSTRACT Introduction: Burnout is a psychological syndrome that develops in response to chronic interpersonal job stressors and music therapists, like other healthcare providers, are at risk for burnout. To date, over 25 manuscripts related to burnout among music therapists have been published, however, no integration of the information exists. Methods: An integrative review was conducted to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the literature on burnout among music therapists between the years of 1981 and 2017. Results: A total of 26 publications from North America, Europe, and Asia were included, 17 of which were descriptive research studies. The findings indicated that music therapists are at average risk for burnout; however, they also experience more burnout than other mental health workers. Emotional exhaustion was the most experienced dimension of burnout, and Korean music therapists appear to be at greater risk than music therapists in other countries. Hours worked, years in the field, and gender did not appear to be strongly correlated with burnout, but work environment and work demands did appear to be connected. The most common contributors to burnout cited were work environment issues followed by compensation and workload, and individual personality traits may also increase the risk for burnout. However, self-care strategies may lower the degree of burnout experienced. Discussion: Music therapists, like other helping professionals, are at risk for burnout. Strategies for managing and preventing burnout have been suggested, and those strategies are consistent with research in other fields. However, research is needed to explore the effectiveness of specific strategies.
PENYUSUNAN LEMBAR KEGIATAN SISWA (LKS) SEBAGAI PANDUAN BELAJAR UNTUK MATERI SISTEM REGULASI PADA SUBMATERI SISTEM INDRA DI SMA KELAS XI SEMESTER II

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas LKS indra penglihatan ditinjau dari beberapa aspek berdasarkan penilaian oleh ahli materi, ahli media dan guru biologi, serta tanggapan siswa dalam penggunaan LKS. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Research and Development (R&D) dengan model ADDIE (analysis, design, development and production, implementation, and evaluation). Tahap yang dikembangkan dalam menyusun LKS ini hanya sampai ADD (Analysis, Design, and Development) dengan ditambah uji coba secara terbatas. Penilaian kualitas LKS ini dilakukan oleh 3 dosen ahli materi dan media, 3 guru biologi, serta tanggapan penggunaan LKS oleh 15 siswa kelas XI SMA N 1 Boyolali. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: kualitas LKS berdasarkan penilaian oleh dosen ahli materi dengan skor aspek kebenaran dan keluasan konsep 26.5, aspek kebahasaan 17.4, aspek kegiatan/pengamatan 6.9, aspek keterampilan dan evaluasi belajar 21 dengan kriteria “Sangat Baik” dan berdasarkan penilaian dosen ahli media dengan skor aspek kebahasaan 15, aspek tampilan 26.7 termasuk dalam kriteria “Sangat Baik”, dan guru Biologi dengan skor aspek kebenaran dan keluasan konsep 9.9, aspek kebahasaan 18.8, aspek kegiatan/pengamatan 6.9, aspek tampilan 28.2, aspek keterampilan dan evaluasi belajar 21 termasuk dalam kriteria “Sangat Baik”. Tanggapan siswa dalam penggunaan LKS pada aspek penyajian, tampilan dan penggunaan termasuk dalam kriteria “Sangat Setuju”.
Selection of Core Dental Journals using Citation Analysis of Scientific Journals in the Field of Dentistry

Objective: Citation analysis is a bibliometric method used for the calculation of the mean number of citations and detection of highly cited references, frequency distribution of citations in different languages, update rate, efficacy of resources and number of core journals of a scientific domain. This process elucidates the information needs of researchers in a specific realm of science and enhances the knowledge of the authorities and librarians to provide efficient information sources and use the budget for providing a rich collection of scientific materials. This study aimed to perform a citation analysis on dental journals. Methods: A checklist was prepared including the type of cited material (article, book, thesis, etc.), publication year, language, type of access (consortium, free, none) and if accessible through the consortium, name of the database through which the article can be accessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Using Bradford’s law of dispersal of publications, the core journals in the field of dentistry were specified. Results: The authorities must consider the core journals in each scientific domain when making a decision on purchasing subscription or extending a contract with databases in order to be more successful in obviating the information needs of researchers. Conclusion: Authorities have to consider the core journals in each field when deciding on purchasing subscription or extending the contract with databases in order to be more successful in obviating the scientific needs of researchers.
Sensory features measurement of the under-thigh length of car seat

Feature evaluation is a central process in the life cycle of a product. When a human performs this process, it is called sensory evaluation. This field is well formalized. It has been introduced in food companies and is beginning to enter others, such as automotive companies. Our work intends to build an artificial system to be used in the place of humans in car seat comfort evaluation. We present our contribution to the acquisition of sensory features of the seat. We define a system that processes a pressure map of the man-seat interface into the value of the stimulated seat feature represented by a possibility distribution.
In-vivo fluorescence and reflectance imaging of human cervical tissue

A hyperspectral imaging spectrograph has been used to measure the fluorescence and reflectance of cervical tissue in vivo. The instrument was employed in a clinical trial in Vilnius, Lithuania, where 111 patients were examined. The patients were initially screened by Pap smear, examined by colposcopy and a tissue sampling procedure was performed. Detailed histopathological assessments were performed on the biopsies, and these assessments were correlated with spectra and images. The results of the spectroscopic investigations show that different tissue types within one biopsy region exhibit different spectral signatures. A spectral analysis of the entire image localizes dysplastic regions in both fluorescence and reflectance, suggesting that the hyperspectral imaging technique is useful in the management of cervical malignancies.
Fault Analysis and Debugging of Microservice Systems: Industrial Survey, Benchmark System, and Empirical Study

The complexity and dynamism of microservice systems pose unique challenges to a variety of software engineering tasks such as fault analysis and debugging. In spite of the prevalence and importance of microservices in industry, there is limited research on the fault analysis and debugging of microservice systems. To fill this gap, we conduct an industrial survey to learn typical faults of microservice systems, current practice of debugging, and the challenges faced by developers in practice. We then develop a medium-size benchmark microservice system (being the largest and most complex open source microservice system within our knowledge) and replicate 22 industrial fault cases on it. Based on the benchmark system and the replicated fault cases, we conduct an empirical study to investigate the effectiveness of existing industrial debugging practices and whether they can be further improved by introducing the state-of-the-art tracing and visualization techniques for distributed systems. The results show that the current industrial practices of microservice debugging can be improved by employing proper tracing and visualization techniques and strategies. Our findings also suggest that there is a strong need for more intelligent trace analysis and visualization, e.g., by combining trace visualization and improved fault localization, and employing data-driven and learning-based recommendation for guided visual exploration and comparison of traces.
Discriminatiemonitor niet-westerse migranten op de arbeidsmarkt 2010

Discriminatie op de arbeidsmarkt komt voor. Waarom neemt een werkgever liever Mark aan als werknemer dan Mohammed? Voor deze studie ondervroegen we 106 selecteurs op de arbeidsmarkt over hun selectiegedrag. Vinden zij niet-westerse migranten even geschikt als autochtone Nederlanders? Welke beelden van en ervaringen met niet-westerse migranten hebben zij? Welke redenen hebben personeelsselecteurs om bij gelijke opleiding en werkervaring te kiezen voor een autochtoon Nederlandse kandidaat? Daarnaast is nagegaan of er een ontwikkeling in discriminatie waarneembaar is en zo ja, hoe deze ontwikkeling moet worden geduid. Als terugkerend onderdeel van de monitor is een inventarisatie gedaan van klachten en oordelen over arbeidsmarktdiscriminatie. Dit is de tweede editie van de Discriminatiemonitor, die is uitgevoerd op verzoek van het ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid. Meer weten? Zie de verdiepende studie Liever Mark dan Mohammed? , die eveneens is uitgevoerd op verzoek van het ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid.
Do Alternative Investments Belong in Pension Fund Portfolios?

As pension funds in the United States have grown in assets to $7.66 trillion in 2018, according to Pensions and Investments, their investment decisions such as a choice to allocate to alternative investments have attracted a lot of attention from academics and practitioners alike. Performance evaluation is a daunting task because it is typically done within an asset-liability framework and driven by many actuarial assumptions regarding benefit payouts, contributions and accruals of liabilities as well as investment assumptions regarding individual investments and their correlation structures. The significant role of hidden assumptions in conventional models makes evaluation results ambiguous and often difficult to interpret.
Low-light Image Enhancement Based on Retinex

Retinex theory is the color constancy theory of computation which can be used in image enhancement of the severe distortion of the image sharpness.According to the problems of low-light color image distortion color restoration,it is based on the study of Retinex algorithm builds a recovery better color recovery function,cosine color recovery function in this article.It gives the automatic compensation,gain method of the processed images and the actual selected value of the parameters in the compensation,gain.The quality evaluation and analysis of the processed images shows that the proposed color recovery function in dealing with low-light images has more obvious improvement effect.
Local authority sustainable planning for tourism: lessons from Ireland

Purpose Sustainability is an essential word in the vocabulary of modern planning; it is the key principle that underpins the Irish planning process. Yet, despite decades of academic and practical debate on sustainable planning and its application to tourism, there still exist many gaps, especially when it comes to its implementation. The purpose of this paper is to highlight, over a 10-year period, how Local Authorities in Ireland have responded to the increasing tourism arrivals, which is having major implications for tourism planning. Design/methodology/approach This study used a multi-method approach to determine the level of sustainable planning for tourism as evident from all legally required Local Authority County Development Plans (CDPs) in Ireland. Findings While findings have identified a slight increase in the provision for sustainable planning for tourism over the decade, there continues to be poor levels of policy provision in key areas. Despite the responsibilities placed on Local Authorities to sustainably plan for tourism, findings continue to question the ability of Local Authorities in Ireland to plan sustainably for tourism and protect the tourism product. Originality/value This research provides the first longitudinal study on the level of sustainable planning for tourism by Local Authorities in Ireland. It provides an assessment of the current state of sustainable planning as evident from CDPs in 2016 compared to the original study of 2006, while developing new knowledge on Local Authority sustainable planning for tourism and the incorporation of tourism indicators.
Teacher Perceptions toward Assessment at one of the Public Schools in Akmola region, Kazakhstan

The assessment system of Kazakhstani schools is shifting from a “normreferenced” approach of comparing students’ results against the achievements of other students, to a formative assessment belief model. This formative assessment allows tracking students’ progress and, and provides feedback to students. However, teachers may experience challenges, due to teacher beliefs and lack of teacher professional development and therefore, may conduct assessment procedure only for allocating students with grades. Hence, it is pivotal to explore teachers’ understandings toward formative assessment. The purpose of this study is to explore teachers' perceptions regarding formative assessment at one of the schools in Akmola region, Kazakhstan. This study employed a qualitative case study design. Due to the proximity and accessibility of the site convenient sampling strategy was used to select the site. Maximal variation within purposeful sampling was undertaken to select 8 participants within two groups: 4 experienced teachers, who received courses on assessment and have more than 3 years of teaching experience and 4 novice teachers, who did not receive courses in assessment. The participants include males, and females, the participants were teachers of different subjects. The diversity of research participants enabled to bring different teaching experiences and perspectives in this study. The data were collected through eight semistructured interviews, lesson observations and document analysis. The study found out the following four major factors affecting teachers’ perceptions: lack of teacher practical knowledge; inconsistent professional development; contradictions of teacher practices and teacher understandings; low students’ motivation. There is a discussion of recommendations and conclusion, which may assist in further implementation of the new model of classroom assessment.
Social Connections and the Sorting of Workers to Firms

The literature on social networks often presumes that job search through (strong) social ties leads to increased inequality by providing privileged individuals with access to more attractive labor market opportunities. We assess this presumption in the context of sorting between AKM-style person and establishment fixed effects. Our rich Swedish register data allow us to measure connections between agents – workers to workers and workers to firms – through parents, children, siblings, spouses, former co-workers and classmates from high school/college, and current neighbors. In clear contrast with the above presumption, there is less sorting inequality among the workers hired through social networks. This outcome results from opposing factors. On the one hand, reinforcing positive sorting, high-wage job seekers are shown to have social connections to high-wage workers, and therefore to high-wage firms (because of sorting of workers over firms). Furthermore, connections have a causal impact on the allocation of workers across workplaces – employers are much more likely to hire displaced workers to whom they are connected through their employees, in particular if their social ties are strong. On the other hand, attenuating positive sorting, the (causal) impact is much stronger for low-wage firms than it is for high-wage firms, irrespective of the type of worker involved, even conditional on worker fixed effects. The lower degree of sorting among connected hires thus arises because low-wage firms use their (relatively few) connections to high-wage workers to hire workers of a type that they are unable to attract through market channels.
Formal Ontology in Information Systems: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference June 6-8, 1998, Trento, Italy

From the Publisher: Research on ontology is becoming increasingly widespread in the computer science community. While this term has been rather confined to the philosophical sphere in the past, it is now gaining a specific role in areas such as Artificial Intelligence, Computational Linguistics, and Databases. Its importance has been recognized in fields as diverse as knowledge engineering, knowledge representation, qualitative modeling, language engineering, database design, information integration, object-oriented analysis, information retrieval and extraction, knowledge management and organization, agent-based systems design. Current applications areas are disparate, including enterprise integration, natural language translation, medicine, mechanical engineering, electronic commerce, geographic information systems, legal information systems, and biological information systems. Various workshops addressing the engineering aspects of ontology have been held in the recent years. However, ontology by 'its very nature' ought to be a unifying discipline. Insights in this field have potential impacts on the whole area of information systems (taking this term in its broadest sense), as testified by the interest recently shown by international standards organizations. In order to provide a solid general foundation for this work, it is therefore important to focus on the common scientific principles and open problems arising from current tools, methodologies, and applications of ontology.
Making Connections: Network Analysis, the Bildungsroman and the World of The Absentee

ABSTRACT In the late eighteenth century, European novelists discovered youth. Writers like Goethe, Austen and Scott developed a new genre, the Bildungsroman, in which young, enthusiastic protagonists explore the world, develop themselves and find a place to remain. This, at least, has been a popular argument in modern criticism. Recently, however, Nancy Armstrong and Leonard Tennenhouse have brought it into question. Studying a number of British and American novels, they show that an alternative genre, the ‘network novel’, arose in the period, which ‘disrupted’ the image of an organic, domestic world that lay at the heart of the ‘domestic novel’ (their term for the classical Bildungsroman). Here, I propose that the ‘network novel’ and the ‘domestic novel’ can actually be seen as two distinct but interrelated aspects of the Bildungsroman. To demonstrate this, I use Maria Edgeworth’s The Absentee (1812) as a case study, utilising Franco Moretti’s innovative digital technique, ‘character network analysis’, to analyse its structure.
Analysis on Intelligent Instrument and Meter Data Interface Standards and Transmission under Internet of Things and the Intelligent Hardware Environment

In this paper, we conduct research on the intelligent instrument and meter data interface standards and transmission under Internet of things and the intelligent hardware environment. At present many large instrument data management is not standard, concentration, not convenient at any time for future reference and statistics with artificial pass data, need much effort arduous, automation level is not high. If the workstation directly connected to the Internet network, vulnerable to viruses, in order to ensure that the workstation is not poisoned. Under this basis, we need the unified paradigm to serve as the reference for data transmission. This paper integrates the Internet of things and the intelligent hardware to propose the potential modification countermeasures for the current system. The numerical analysis is conducted on the DSP based systems