Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of Low Leakage Multi Threshold (Vth) CMOS Level Shifter

In this paper, a low leakage multi V th level shifter is designed for robust voltage shifting from sub threshold to above threshold domain using MTCMOS technique and sleepy keeper. MTCMOS is an effective circuit level technique that improves the performance and design by utilizing both low and high threshold voltage transistors. Leakage power dissipation has become an overriding concern for VLSI circuit designers. In this a “sleepy keeper” approach is preferred which reduces the leakage current while saving exact logic state. The new low-power level shifter using sleepy keeper is compared with the previous work for different values of the lower supply voltage. When the circuits are individually analyzed for power consumption at 45nm CMOS technology, the new level shifter offer significant power savings up to 37% as compared to the previous work. Alternatively, when the circuits are individually analyzed for minimum propagation delay, speed is enhanced by up to 48% with our approach to the circuit. All the simulation results are based on 45nm CMOS technology and simulated in cadence tool. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/ijece.v3i5. 3166
TITLE The Impact of Grade Retention on the Social Development of Elementary School Children

_ . in grade on seeondand fifth-grade students were investigated. It was hypothesized that (1) children retained in grade will evoke ne9ative perceptions and thus have lower status than children regularly promoted; (2) more,favorable attribution's will be made to children who are regularly promoted than to their retained coUnterparts; (3) children with perceived higher status will be preferred over childreabwho are retained for academic and social tasks; LC given compaMble task performance, regularly promoted students will receivWspore rewarai-than will children-who-have-beenretained; and (5) chndren who are retained will have lesi, favorable social cognitions and expectancies about themselves and their school AnvirOnment than will children who are regularly promoted. 'Subjects, *219 children attending a rural elementary school in northeast Georgia, provided data on self-esteem measures as well as on measures or tasks assessing peer reward allocation, eocial partner choice, task partner choice, impressions and attitudes about retained students and the school environment, and report card expectancy. Race of examiner and order of presentation of measures were counterbalanced. Results are discussed, and related materials are
Works Title Onsager ' s Conjecture with Physical Boundaries and an Application to the Vanishing Viscosity Limit Permalink

We consider the incompressible Euler equations in a bounded domain in three space dimensions. Recently, the first two authors proved Onsager’s conjecture for bounded domains, i.e., that the energy of a solution to these equations is conserved provided the solution is Hölder continuous with exponent greater than 1/3, uniformly up to the boundary. In this contribution we relax this assumption, requiring only interior Hölder regularity and continuity of the normal component of the energy flux near the boundary. The significance of this improvement is given by the fact that our new condition is consistent with the possible formation of a Prandtl-type boundary layer in the vanishing viscosity limit.
The digital touch: Craft-work as immaterial labour and ontological accumulation

While much of autonomist theory privileges the most developed sector of capitalism (the digital online media and communication industries), this paper asks us to turn our attention to a revived ‘pre-capitalist’ form of cultural production. This article analyzes the recent resurgence of DIY craft culture around the following themes: 1) immaterial and affective labour; 2) gender and the home; 3) time and capitalism’s historicity. It challenges the periodisation of immateriality by highlighting the informational and communicative practices embedded in craft culture. In so doing, we can rethink the temporality of capitalism by teasing out a labour thread that passes through capitalism without being reduced to its purview. The gendered dimension of digital labour displays affective and immaterial qualities that have persisted resiliently before, during, and, in time, after capitalism. Craft as power (the capacity to act) is an ontological accumulation of species-being that pushes us to rethink the ‘organizing’ of subjects. Craft, tied to what Nick Dyer-Witheford calls species-being resurgent, provides a key example of the ontological development of subjective powers, ones that become ever more resonant in the crisis and ruins of capitalism.
Leagile supply chain for australian industrialised house building

The 2012 Australian National Housing Supply Council (NHSC) reported a constantly growing demand for new houses in many capital cities around Australia. Since then, the supply of housing has not responded commensurately to the growing demand. The residential sector challenges this issue by developing and effectively using new materials, processes, and practices to strengthen their competitive advantage against other construction sectors. This paper gives an overview of the Australian housing supply and demand. House builders have been adopting the idea of producing house modules and elements in factories. Therefore, the house building has been changed from traditional to prefabricated supply chain. Managing the prefabricated houses supply chain is playing an important role in the housing supply. A leagile supply chain is introduced to manage the prefabricated supply chain. It employs material and information decoupling points. Four strategies are introduced to balance the trade-offs between the housing supply and demand. Applying any strategy is guided by the factors affecting the housing supply and demand. The three main factors are the house completion time, cost of finished house, and customer preferences. In this paper, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is introduced as a facilitator to the supply chain strategies selection in the Australian housing industry. The AHP model takes the three factors into account for differentiating between the four supply chain strategies. The model was implemented with the aid of the commercial software package known as Expert Choice. The results from the AHP model show the benefits of each strategy with respect to the factors tested.
Human-centeredness in CRM approaches : Towards a holistic perspective

The application of IT to marketing through customer relationship management (CRM) software is growing rapidly, but the probabilities of failure remain high. We argue that research in CRM success should focus more on human-centered issues. In this study we introduce a conceptual framework for a holistic view of humans in CRM and apply the framework to previous research on CRM success. The results indicate that in most CRM approaches the image of humans is seen from a managerialist perspective and incorporates a deterministic stance. We suggest that a more holistic approach to human beings as users of a CRM system would benefit CRM implementation.
Structural Dependence of Electronic Properties in A-A-D-A-A-Type Organic Solar Cell Material

Small conjugated molecules (SCMs) are promising candidates for organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices because of their structural simplicity, well control over synthetic reproducibility, and low purification cost. However, industrial development of SCM-based OPV devices requires improving their performance, which in turn relies on the fundamental understanding of structural dependence of electronic properties of SCMs. Herein, we report the structural and electronic properties of the BCNDTS molecule as a model system for acceptor-acceptor-donor-acceptor-acceptor (A-A-D-A-A) type SCMs, using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT methods. Systematic calculations of two-dimensional potential energy surfaces, molecular electrostatic potential surfaces, ground state frontier molecular orbital energies, and the vertical excitation energies are performed. We found that the lowest energy conformation of the BCNDTS molecule is planar. The planar conformation favors the lowest ground state and the excited state energies as well as the strongest oscillator strength. The present results suggest that SCMs containing central dithienosilole cores connected with 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole groups have potential to be an efficient electron donor for OPV devices.
Muslims, South Asians and the British mainstream: A national identity crisis?

Current popular opinion assumes that Muslims and South Asians in Britain develop anti-mainstream identities because they live in impoverished and segregated ghettos, participate in non-mainstream religions, and politically organise via ethnically and religiously motivated networks. This article uses survey data from the 2003 Home Office Citizenship Survey to challenge each of those points. First, it shows that Muslims and South Asians are almost as likely as whites to identify themselves as British. Second, it argues that discrimination is more important than simple socio-economic difficulties for British identification. In addition, it claims that despite living in ethnically segregated neighbourhoods and retaining ethnic and religious social and political networks, Muslims and South Asians have actively built integrated networks, have trust in mainstream political institutions, and are committed to being a part of the larger British community.
Modelling and optimisation of a vaporiser for inhalation drug therapy

We present a piezo-electrically driven droplet generator with a large number of nozzles working in parallel and operating in the Drop On Demand mode. This device is build as part of a system for Inhalation Drug Therapy. Details of modelling and optimisation of this device are explained. The operation of the device is resonance dependent. To arrive at a higher throughput and a more reliable operation, modeshape analysis has been performed. Finally an improved design was proposed which uses modeshape targeting. Final results are a fast prototyping platform and a set of design rules. keywords: vaporiser, modeshapes, design rules, monodispersive drop generation. INTRODUCTION General Asthma is one of the fastest growing diseases in the industrialised parts of the world. Mostly asthma is treated with Inhalation Drug Therapy (IDT). A vapour of medicine is inhaled and transported by the air stream to the lung-sacs where it has its therapeutic effect. Commonly used Metered Dose Inhalers (MDI's) generate a vapour, from a spray can, with a fixed total volume and a certain droplet size distribution. Only droplets within a small diameter range will be able to penetrate deep into the lungs [1]. Anything outside this size range will be none effective and can cause side effects. Ideally the inhalation vapour should be monodispersive. It is possible to generate droplets of a very narrow size distribution by using a mist generator based on Drop On Demand ink-jet techniques [2,3]. The size of droplets generated in this way is defined by the size of the nozzle used. Recent developments in Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) make it possible to etch nozzles in the appropriate size range for an IDT vaporiser. By using an electrically actuated device it also possible to adapt the flow of medicine to the measured actual breath flow.
Examining Internal and External Contributors to Greenland Climate Variability Using CCSM3

Greenland climate variability is connected to internal and external sources of global climate forcing in six millennium simulations using Community Climate System Model, version 3. The external forcings employed are consistent with the protocols of Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase 3. Many simulated internalclimatemodesarecharacterizedovertheyears850‐1850,includingtheAtlanticmeridionaloverturning circulation (AMOC), the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), the east Atlantic pattern (EA), the El Ni~ Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the North Atlantic sea ice extent, and the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO). Lagged correlation and multivariate regression methods connect Greenland temperatures and precipitation to these internal modes and external sources of climate variability. Greenlandtemperature andprecipitationare found to relatemost stronglyto NorthAtlanticsea ice extent, the AMO, and the AMOC, that are themselves strongly interconnected. Furthermore, approximately half of the multidecadal variability in Greenland temperature and precipitation are captured through linear relationships with volcanic aerosol optical depth, solar insolation (including total solar irradiance and local orbital variability), the NAO, the EA, and the PDO. Relationships are robust with volcanic aerosol optical depth, solar insolation, and an index related to latitudinal shifts of the North Atlantic jet. Differences attributable to model resolution are also identified in the results, such as lower variability in the AMOC and Greenland temperature in the higher-resolution simulations. Finally, a regression model is applied to simulations of the industrial period to show that natural sources alone only explain the variability in simulated Greenland temperature and precipitation up to the 1950s and 1970s, respectively.
Real-time Crowd Monitoring using Infrared Thermal Video Sequences

Monitoring people in a crowded environment is a critical task in civilian surveillance. Most vision-based counting techniques depend on detecting individuals in order to count their number. Counting becomes inefficient when it is required in real-time and when the crowd is dense. This paper proposes a novel technique for monitoring and estimating the density of crowd in real-time using infrared thermal video sequences. The research targets monitoring the crowd in Muslims' pilgrimage event (Hajj) while almost 3.0 million Muslims gather in Makkah to perform Hajj. During different Hajj phases the movement of the gathered Muslims is required at the same time from a place to another. Thus monitoring their crowd in real-time is crucial in order to take immediate decisions to prevent crowd disasters. A state of the art thermal camera has been acquired for the surveillance process. In addition, special software modules have been developed to analyze the captured thermographic video sequences in real-time. The results show high accuracy of the estimation of the crowd density in real-time. (Adnan Ghazi Abuarafah;Mohamed Osama Khoziumand EssamAbdRabouReal-time Crowd Monitoring using Infrared Thermal Video Sequences)Journal of American Science 2012; 8(3): 133-140). (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience. org.
TAT-Ngn2 Enhances Cognitive Function Recovery and Regulates Caspase-Dependent and Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathways After Experimental Stroke

Neurogenin-2 (Ngn2) is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that contributes to the identification and specification of neuronal fate during neurogenesis. In our previous study, we found that Ngn2 plays an important role in alleviating neuronal apoptosis, which may be viewed as an attractive candidate target for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. However, novel strategies require an understanding of the function and mechanism of Ngn2 in mature hippocampal neurons after global cerebral ischemic injury. Here, we found that the expression of Ngn2 decreased in the hippocampus after global cerebral ischemic injury in mice and in primary hippocampal neurons after oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) injury. Then, transactivator of transcription (TAT)-Ngn2, which was constructed by fusing a TAT domain to Ngn2, was effectively transported and incorporated into hippocampal neurons after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and enhanced cognitive functional recovery in the acute stage after reperfusion. Furthermore, TAT-Ngn2 alleviated hippocampal neuronal damage and apoptosis, and inhibited the cytochrome C (CytC) leak from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm through regulating the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphorylation tropomyosin-related kinase B (pTrkB), Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 after reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest that the downregulation of Ngn2 expression may have an important role in triggering brain injury after ischemic stroke and that the neuroprotection of TAT-Ngn2 against stroke might involve the modulation of BDNF-TrkB signaling that regulates caspase-dependent and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways, which may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemic injury.
Biochemical and cellularchanges in Oreochromis niloticus related to the water pollution of a degraded river

The effects of polluted water at three sites in the Marinho River, Brazil, on Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) were investigated using histological, hematological and biochemical approaches. Fish exposed to the impacted water demonstrated that histological changes in gills were accompanied by nuclear and micronuclei abnormalities in cells. The activity of liver and plasma biomarkers (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and liver glutathione S-transferase (GST)) showed an expressive change due to the. The results were also correlated with the highest levels of Cu +2 , Zn +2 and Mn +2 in the water. The data of this study evidenced the importance of using a set of biomarkers to quantify pollution in lentic ecosystems. Additionally, histological analyses of gills and erythrocytes have proven to be an important instrument for signaling the impact of pollutants in rivers.
SUPPLEMENTATION OF WHEAT FLOUR WITH SOY FLOUR, SENSORY AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF FORTIFIED BISCUITS

The research was conducted in order to evaluate the physico-chemical and quality characteristics of biscuits fortified with soy flour that could be used as a protein supplemented food. Wheat flour has been replaced at different levels with soy flour that were 30% (R4), 20% (R3), 10% (R2) and without soy flour, control (R1). The fat content of control was 16.36% and increased to 19.4% in the case of 30% soy flour formulation that could be due to the increase in the proportion of soy flour in the flour blend. The highest mineral content was obtained in R4 (1.98%) and the lowest in R1 (0.552%), soy flour brought a significant contribution to mineral substances, and the ash content increased gradually with the increase in the percentage of soy flour. From the sensory evaluation, the biscuits with 10 and 20% soy flour addition presented similar characteristics, biscuits supplemented with up to 20% soy flour have shown superior nutritional characteristics as compared to wheat flour biscuits.
Amplification of light absorption of black carbon associated with air pollution

Abstract. The impacts of black carbon (BC) aerosols on air quality, boundary layer dynamics and climate depend not only on the BC mass concentration but also on the light absorption capability of BC. It is well known that the light absorption capability of BC depends on the amount of coating materials (namely other species that condense and coagulate on BC). However, the difference of light absorption capability of ambient BC-containing particles under different air pollution conditions (e.g., clean and polluted conditions) remains unclear due to the complex aging process of BC in the atmosphere. In this work, we investigated the evolution of light absorption capability for BC-containing particles with changing pollution levels in urban Beijing, China. During the campaign period (17 to 30 November 2014), with an increase in PM1 concentration from ∼ 10 to ∼ 230 µg m−3, we found that the mass-weighted averages of the aging degree and theoretical light absorption capability of BC-containing particles increased by ∼ 33 % and ∼ 18 %, respectively, indicating stronger light absorption capability of BC-containing particles under more polluted conditions due to more coating materials on the BC surface. By using an effective emission intensity (EEI) model, we further found that aging during regional transport plays an important role in the difference in the light absorption capability of BC-containing particles under different air pollution levels. During the pollution episode, ∼ 63 % of the BC over Beijing originated from regional sources outside of Beijing. These regionally sourced BC-containing particles were characterized by more coating materials on BC surfaces due to more coating precursors within more polluted air, which contributed ∼ 75 % of the increase in theoretical light absorption capability of BC observed in Beijing during the polluted period (PM1 of ∼ 230 µg m−3) compared to that in the clean period (PM1 of ∼ 10 µg m−3). Due to the increase in theoretical light absorption capability of BC associated with air pollution, the direct radiative forcing of BC was estimated to be increased by ∼ 18 % based on a simple radiation transfer model. Our work identified an amplification of theoretical light absorption and direct radiative forcing under a more polluted air environment due to more coating materials on BC. The air pollution control measures may, however, break the amplification effect by reducing emissions of both BC and the coating precursors and achieve co-benefits of both air quality and climate.
Multipath Routing Protocol for DAG-based WSNs with Mobile Sinks

Low power and lossy networks have been an active area of research. Numerous protocols have been proposed for routing in these networks using metrics like hop count, delay, bandwidth etc. The IETF ROLL group has proposed a proactive gradient protocol called RPL. However, for a network with few mobile sinks calculating gradients using proactive approach is not energy efficiency. This paper proposed a multipath routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks with mobile sinks, called MDMR. Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) are required for WSNs organization because of their route redundancy to the root. MDMR is based on RPL framework. By broadcasting DAG construction messages including metrics, such as, hop count, node energy and link quality indication, protocol constructs DAG and provides path redundancy. This allows nodes to find multiple alternative paths easily while link failures. Keywords-WSN; Routing; DAG; RPL.
Frequent nodesets by swarm

We present a framework of Swarm Technique application algorithm for frequent nodesets. This framework is based on recent research on the behaviour of real ant colonies, a field of Swarm Intelligent. The aim of proposed framework algorithm is to extract frequent nodesets for association rules discovery from data. The proposed algorithm is discussed from the frequent itemsets finding point of view in association rule discovery. A procedure for generating strong association rule from frequent itemsets is our ongoing research and will be presented in our near future paper. At present, a fundamental part of our ongoing research is presented in this paper. We compare the performance of proposed algorithm with the performance of the well- known original Apriori algorithm. The accuracy of proposed algorithm is competitive with that of Apriori. Moreover, our system has found considerably simpler nodesets.