Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tribute to Harvey Goldstein and his statistical achievements

Harvey Goldstein, who was Professor of Social Statistics at the School of Education, University of Bristol, sadly passed away of COVID-19 on the 9th April 2020, aged 80 years. Harvey was a one of the great statisticians in the United Kingdom in the 20th and 21st centuries. He had a worldwide reputation for his seminal work on multilevel (hierarchical or nested) modelling. He also was a persistent and insightful critic of several areas of public policy where the use of statistics was suspect. In particular, he was scathing in his criticism of the misapplication of league tables for comparing performance of public bodies such as schools and hospitals. In this important work he was concerned about the statistics of education. His seminal papers with Thomas [1], Spiegelhalter [2] and as sole author [3] about the validity of, and the dangers in, school league tables guiding the assessment of performance and school effectiveness were truly groundbreaking. He spent many years trying to persuade politicians and policy makers that the use, leading to abuse, of such tables was untrustworthy. Finally, in 2016, the Department for Education in the United Kingdom took notice of Harvey's comments and replaced their measure of GCSE secondary school performance with a valueadded one, which attempts to adjust schools' exam results in the light of differences in pupils' prior attainment. Returning more generally to the need for multilevel structures in statistical modelling, the thinking behind this may be unfamiliar to some, but the ideas and results are compelling, and they are of widespread applicability. As an example, consider a key area of interest to readers of this journal: pupils' examination performance being used as a measure of quality of education delivered by different schools. Multilevel models take into account the fact that pupils are nested within classes, classes nested within schools and schools nested within educational areas. Ignoring this nesting adds uncertainty to any simple measure of effectiveness. Harvey showed that league tables constructed without considering the nesting are unreliable. The methods use regression techniques for analysis, but with the key additional feature that the coefficients of explanatory variables are not constant but themselves need modelling. See Ref. [3] for further details. Readers may be aware of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), a set of tests in mathematics, reading and science taken by 15-year-old students every 3 years in over 70 countries. This programme started in 2000 and early on Harvey was critical of the league tables that resulted from the publication of each country's score [4]. The issues identified by Harvey included data quality, missing values (students do not answer all the questions), covariates and interactions. He published extensively on solving these problems using multilevel models, [5,6,7]. In the current worldwide crisis related to COVID-19, we are sure that Harvey would have made penetrating comments about the obsessive ways many national Received: 8 July 2020 Accepted: 9 July 2020
Intercultural Communication Competency Practices in the Hotel Industry

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to develop an in-depth understanding of cultural diversity in China’s hotels by examining hotel employees’ Intercultural Communication Competency (ICC) practices. Following qualitative data collection and content analysis of 403 valid questionnaires collected from 16 multinational hotel companies in China, the study uses Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis for scale development. Furthermore, Importance-Performance Analysis is conducted to identify employees’ perceptions and performance with regard to ICC practices. The proposed measurement scale for ICC is shown to be both reliable and valid for hotel employees, and the results suggest that the identification of competency gaps can help hotels to improve service quality through enhanced resource allocation. Overall, the findings may help increase the competitiveness of China’s hotel industry by informing the development of effective training programmes.
Identification of rock and fracture kinematics in high Alpine rockwalls under the influence of altitude

Abstract. Alpine environments are characterized by fractured rock. Fractures propagate by weathering processes in a subcritical way, and prepare and trigger rock slope failures. In this study, I investigated (1) the influence of thermal changes on rock kinematics on intact rock samples from the Hungerli Valley, Swiss Alps. To (2) quantify thermal and ice induced rock and fracture kinematics and (3) identify differences of their spatial occurrence, I instrumented crackmeters at intact and fractured rock at four rockwalls reaching from 2585 to 2935 m. My laboratory data shows that thermal expansion follows three phases of rock kinematics: (1) cooling phase, (2) transition phase and (3) warming phase, which result in a hysteresis effect. The cooling phase is characterized by rock contraction, while all samples experienced rock expansion in the warming phase. During the transition phase, rock temperatures differ between rock surface and rock depth, which results in a differentiated response. The dummy crackmeters in the field reflect temperature phases observed in the laboratory and data suggest a block size dependency of the transition phase. In fractured rock, fractures open during cooling and reversely close during warming on daily and annual scale. The dipping of the shear plane controls if fracture aperture decreases with time or increases due to thermal induced block crawling. On seasonal scale, slow ice segregation induced fracture opening can occur within lithology-dependent frost cracking windows. Snow cover controls the magnitude and the number of daily temperature changes, reduces the magnitude of annual cooling but increases the length of the cooling period and, therefore, the potential occurrence of ice segregation. The effects of snow cover increases with altitude due to longer snow duration. Climate change induced warming will shift annual thermal stresses at lower altitudes, however, a shortening of the snow period can increase ground cooling and thermal stress at higher altitudes but also can reduce the length of the ice segregation period. In conclusion, climate change will affect and change rock and fracture kinematics and, therefore, rockfall patterns in Alpine environments.
The Effects of Phonetic Duration on Loanword Adaptation: Mandarin
 Falling Diphthong in Chinese Korean

The authors would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their suggestions that improved the paper. We would also like to thank Professor Sun Ying at Liaoning University, Professor Yunyan Luo at Beijing Foreign Studies University, and Yuanyang Song for their invaluable help during the data collection process, Sung-Geol Kim for help with stimulus preparation, Hyoung-Seok Kwon for help with data analysis, Professor Oh Sung-Ae at the Ocean University of China and the audience members at LabPhon15 and the Workshop on the Phonetics and Phonology in Loanword Adaptation for comments on earlier versions of the paper. The work was supported by the Insight Grant from the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
Coloration and Structure of the Wings of Chorinea sylphina Bates

ABSTRACT. The structure and the origin of transparency of the wings of Chorinea sylphina, a species of glasswinged butterflies, were explored using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, UV photography, spectrophotometry, and optical polarimetry. We found that for normally incident light, the clear transparent areas of the forewings and hindwings exhibit significant transmission as well as minuscule reflection throughout the visible regime in the electromagnetic spectrum. We found that the transparency results from the sparsity, the semitransparency, and the upright orientation of single scales on the wing membrane. The red and dark brown colors of the nontransparent areas of the wings have a pigmentary origin. Coherent scattering from the slanted and overlapping lamellae in the scale ridges and diffraction from every scale's longitudinal network of parallel ridges are responsible for blue iridescence and shimmer at large viewing angles. The transparent areas of the wings function as absorbing linear polarizers, due to both the parallel ridges and the almost unidirectional orientation of individual scales on those areas.
Die westpalaearktischen Arten der Tribus Poemeniini (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae).

Die Arten der Tribus Poemeniini (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae: Ephialtinae) werden kritisch behandelt und neue Bestimmungstabellen auf Grund neu gefundener Merkmale aufgestellt. Eine vorwiegend montane Art wird neu beschrieben. Die Arbeit schliest sich an die 1964 erschienene Publikation uber die Ephialtinen-Gattungen an. Nomenklatorische Handlungen picta Haupt, 1938 (Calliclisis), syn. n. of Poemenia (Calliclisis) collaris (Haupt, 1917) montanus Oehlke, 1965 (Neoxorides), spec. n. nitens (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Neoxorides), Lectotype described as Xorides nitens montanus Hartig, 1847 (Ophiogastra), syn. n. of Poemenia (Calliclisis) hectica (Gravenhorst, 1829) novakii Strobl, 1902 (Poemenia), syn. n. of Poemenia (Poemenia) notata Holmgren, 1859 patria Shestakov, 1927 (Poemenia), syn. n. of Poemenia (Calliclisis) brachyura Holmgren, 1860 brachyura Holmgren, 1860 (Poemenia (Calliclisis)), Lectotype collaris (Haupt, 1917) (Poemenia (Calliclisis)), Lectotype described as Calliclisis collaris notata Holmgren, 1859 (Poemenia (Poemenia)), Lectotype opacus Kokujev, 1903 (Xorides), syn. n. of Neoxorides nitens (Gravenhorst, 1829)
The Pursuit of Equal Educational Opportunity: A Historical Analysis of the South Texas/Border Initiative

The purpose of this historical study was to investigate how individuals articulated the call for the South Texas/Border Initiative, a legislative mandate that funneled unprecedented amounts of funding to underserved universities along the Texas-Mexico border region between 1987 and 2003. Utilizing archival sources, we conducted an analysis of the intentional shifts in funding critical to equity and access in higher education. The events surrounding the South Texas/Border Initiative are unique in that they represent purposeful Latina/o community and state-wide activism that challenged higher education funding inequities.
Soil physicochemical parameters affecting abundance and distribution of Dicoelophrya nkoldaensis (ciliophora : radiophryidae) living in the gut of earthworms (Annelida : glossoscolecidae) collected in Bambui (nord-west Cameroon)

Soil containing the earthworms ( Fokam, 2012, was dug monthly for six months. Worms where counted in situ to establish earthworm’s volumic density (VD) and subsequently dissected to evaluate cil Ten soil physicochemical parameters were analyzed: Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), Mg Available Moisture (M), and pH. The studies reveal for Dicoelophrya nkoldaensis and physicochemical parameters demonstrated a significant negative correlations with TN (r = P < 0, 05), AP (r = 05). In the mid gut, a significant positive correlation with (M) (r = 0.356; P < 0, 05), a highly significant positive correlation with Ca correlation with TN (r = observed with TN (r = 0.456; P < 0, 05). Correlations of soil physico highly significant positive correlation with CEC (r = 0.634; P < 0, 01) and Mg a significant negative correlation with both OC (r = and a significant positive correlation with potassium (r = 0.350; P < 0, 05). These results suggest that the preferential zone of a microhabitat, is influenced by the physicochemical parameters of the soil ingested.
Développement de modèles pharmacocinétiques et pharmacodynamiques pour l'optimisation du traitement des infections à bactéries à gram négatif multi-résistantes

Les antibiotiques sont actuellement parmi les medicaments les plus utilises, mais les schemas therapeutiques optimaux ne sont pas toujours bien definis. Le but de cette these etait de developper des modeles pharmacocinetiques (PK) et pharmacodynamiques (PK/PD) decrivant les profils de concentrations des antibiotiques ainsi que leurs effets et le developpement de resistances bacteriennes afin d’optimiser les schemas therapeutiques. Un modele PK de population sur la colistine et sa prodrogue, le colistine methanesulfonate (CMS), a ete developpe chez les patients recevant la colistine par voie aerosol et/ou sous hemodialyse (HD). Les resultats ont montre un net avantage de la voie aerosol pour le traitement des infections pulmonaires avec une dose de 2 MUI de CMS. Pour les patients sous HD une dose de 1.5 MUI de CMS 2 fois par jour est recommandee avec une dose supplementaire de 1.5 MUI de CMS apres chaque seance de HD. L’evaluation des performances de differents modeles PK/PD via a une approche par simulation a montre l’importance d’effectuer des etudes suffisamment longues ainsi que d’obtenir des donnees microbiologiques complementaires afin de decrire le developpement de la resistance bacterienne. Un modele PK/PD incluant taux de mutation et resistance adaptative a la colistine d’une souche bioluminescente de Pseudomonas aeruginosa a ete developpe a partir de donnees in-vitro. Une resistance rapide, importante et partiellement reversible a ete decrite. Ces resultats confirment l’importance des 24 premieres heures dans le traitement des infections, que la colistine seule ne peut pas completement eliminer les mutants de Pseudomonas aeruginosa et que des associations semblent necessaires.
Becoming an Intentional Church Community: Relationships, Security, and Discipleship in Sexual Identity and Faith Development

Drawing upon previous research with sexual minority Christian college students, we identify emergent themes important to ministry with sexual minorities integrating religious/spiritual and sexual identities: intrinsic religiosity, social relationships, self-acceptance, and complexity of identity integration. We propose a Trinitarian ministry model wherein the church serves as a holding environment—a discipling community intentionally designed to be relational, secure, and formational thereby creating a synergistic communal climate for identity development related to faith and sexuality.
Functional niche partitioning in Therizinosauria provides new insights into the evolution of theropod herbivory

Dietary specialization is generally considered to be a crucial factor in driving morphological evolution across extant and extinct vertebrates. The ability to adapt to a specific diet and to exploit ecological niches is thereby influenced by functional morphology and biomechanical properties. Differences in functional behaviour and efficiency can therefore allow dietary diversification and the coexistence of similarly adapted taxa. Therizinosauria, a group of secondarily herbivorous theropod dinosaurs, is characterized by a suite of morphological traits thought to be indicative of adaptations to an herbivorous diet. Digital reconstruction, theoretical modelling and computer simulations of the mandibles of therizinosaur dinosaurs provides evidence for functional niche partitioning in adaptation to herbivory. Different mandibular morphologies present in therizinosaurians were found to correspond to different dietary strategies permitting coexistence of taxa. Morphological traits indicative of an herbivorous diet, such as a downturned tip of the lower jaw and an expanded postdentary region, were identified as having stress mitigating effects. The more widely distributed occurrence of these purported herbivorous traits across different dinosaur clades suggests that these features also could have played an important role in the evolution and acquisition of herbivory in other groups.
LEVELS OF REGIONAL PHENOTYPIC ADAPTATION (QST) INDICATE THAT NEUTRALITY HAS SHAPED THE POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE SOYBEAN-INFECTING PATHOGEN Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA

Populations of the soybean leaf blight pathogen (Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA) are highly genetically differentiated along a latitudinal gradient in the major soybean growing regions of Brazil. However, the evolutionary processes leading to regional adaptation are still unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative importance of neutral genetic variation and natural selection on the divergence and regional adaptation of populations of the soybean-infecting pathogen R. solani AG-1 IA. Therefore, we compared the phenotypic differentiation in quantitative traits (QST) and the neutral genetic differentiation (FST, based on microsatellites data) among three pairs of populations. As measures of phenotypic responses of the fungus (quantitative traits), we estimated the tolerance to temperature stress and the tolerance to a broadspectrum fungicide (copper oxychloride) under optimal (25 °C) and high temperature conditions (33.5 °C). In general there was an increase in genetic variance with a positive effect on the heritability for tolerance to copper fungicide under temperature stress. The genetic differences among populations were the main determinants of thermal adaptation in R. solani AG-1 IA (h2 ≥ 0.70). The analysis of neutral genetic structure (FST) indicated subdivision between the three pairs of populations. Although population pairwise comparisons between FST and QST values did not follow a single pattern, the majority of QST values did not differ significantly from FST, indicating that, for the quantitative characters studied, neutrality (or neutral evolution) had a major role in the regional adaptation of R. solani AG-1 IA populations.
Is Cancer Immunotherapy More Hype Than Hope?

The immunosurveillance system in the human body can detect and eradicate abnormal cells. However, cancer cells can avoid immune destruction by exploiting the immunosuppression system. Extensive research has been done to find therapeutic agents that could reverse this condition. Novel drugs called checkpoint inhibitors have been developed and showed a promising result. Besides, “living’’ drug, an engineered T-cells which can accurately target cancer cells, has increased public attention in immunotherapy. These immunotherapies might bring a new era of cancer management, a highly effective and specific treatment with fewer adverse effects.
Recognition of Facial Emotions Relying on Deep Belief Networks and Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization

: Classification of human face images into emotion categories is a hard challenge. Deep learning is mostly effective for this task. In this paper, we propose a facial emotions recognition system based on Deep Belief Networks (DBNs) and Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO). The proposed methodology is composed of four phases: first, the input image is preprocessed by cropping the Region Of Interest (ROI) in order to get the desired region and discard non-significant parts. Second, the ROI is divided into many blocks and then the integral image is utilized to determine the superior (most efficient) blocks. Third, image down sampling algorithm is adapted to reduce the size of the new sub image in order to improve the system performance. Fourth, the emotion's class is identified using the DBN. Instead of adapting DBN parameters manually, QPSO is used to automatically optimize DBN parameters' values. The proposed algorithm has been applied to the Japanese female facial expression (JAFFE) and FER-2013 datasets. By applying the proposed algorithm, the computation time is reduced effectively by about 62% on the whole JAFFE and 82% on the whole FER-2013 datasets. Whereas, the accuracy is retained at 97.2% and 68.1% on JAFFE and FER-2013 datasets respectively.
Recurrence of Mania or Depression Among Adult Bipolar Patients Who Continued Using Lithium: A Single-group Summary Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials.

BACKGROUND The exact recurrence rate of bipolar disorder in patients receiving lithium maintenance phase treatment and the modifiers associated with recurrence are still unknown. METHODS We searched Embase, PubMed, and CENTRAL from inception until April 28, 2020. Outcomes included recurrence rate of any mood episode, depressive episodes, and manic/hypomanic/mixed episodes; all-cause discontinuation rate; and discontinuation rate due to adverse events. A random-effects model, single-group summary meta-analysis was conducted. A meta-regression analysis to examine whether the modifiers (total number of patients, %female, mean age, duration of study, duration of preliminary phase, publication year, bipolar disorder type, mood status at recruitment, presence of a placebo arm, sponsorship, enrichment design, number of treatment arms, and risk of bias for blinding or randomization) were associated with the event rate of the outcomes was also performed. RESULTS We identified 21 randomized trials (n = 1,415; mean study duration, 78.40 ± 32.10 weeks; %female, 54.85%; mean age, 43.47 ± 4.88 years). The event rates (95% confidence interval [CI]) were as follows: recurrence of any mood episode, 39.8% (32.8%, 47.1%); depressive episodes, 25.6% (18.8%, 34.0%); manic/hypomanic/mixed episodes, 18.5% (13.7%, 24.7%); all-cause discontinuation rate, 67.0% (57.2%, 75.5%); and discontinuation rate due to adverse events, 8.7% (5.1%, 14.7%). After adjusting for multiple testing, our meta-regression analysis showed association only between the all-cause discontinuation rate and presence of a placebo arm. CONCLUSIONS The recurrence rate of depressive episodes seemed to be higher than the recurrence rate of manic/hypomanic/mixed episodes. The all-cause discontinuation rate was high. However, the studies included in our meta-analysis were of short duration.
Inquiring into the Coloniality of Knowledge, Power, and Being in EFL Textbooks

This article inquires into the coloniality present in EFL textbooks, which continue being used as the core resource for language learning and teaching in Colombia. However, its instrumentalization, imperialism, and exploitation as an instrument of subalternation suggest that EFL textbooks produced by foreign and local publishing houses in the Colombian context are colonised in three interrelated dimensions: knowledge, power, and being. Therefore, this research proposal aims at unveiling the ontological, epistemological, and power criteria rooted in critical interculturality as a decolonial alternative, and inspired by the decolonial turn, to orient the development of other contextualised materials from the voices of Colombian teachers, authors and experts.