Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potency of Ethanol Extract from Berenuk (Crescentia cujete L.) Fruit Rind and Flesh as Antibacterial Agents

Berenuk (Crescentia cujete L.) fruit is widely used by the community in East Java as traditional medicine. The objectives of this research were to determine the antibacterial activity and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of ethanol extract of berenuk’s fruit rind and flesh against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Berenuk’s fruit rind and flesh were extracted with 70% (v/v) ethanol by maceration method. Phytochemical screening was performed by Harborne method. Antibacterial activity and MIC of the extracts were analyzed using disc diffusion method by bacterial concentration of 106 CFU/mL. The result showed that ethanol extract of berenuk’s fruit rind contained alkaloid, saponin, tannin, and flavonoid, while ethanol extract of fruit flesh contained alkaloid and flavonoid. Antibacterial analysis showed no inhibition zone on both extracts against E. coli. Ethanol extract of berenuk’s fruit rind showed inhibition zone only on the growth of S. aureus at the concentration of 80% (w/v) and 100% (w/v). The MIC of ethanol extract of berenuk’s fruit rind on S. aureus growth obtained at a concentration of 65% (w/v).
Governing Water Resource Allocation: Water User Association Characteristics and the Role of the State

Water, as a common pool resource, is threatened by the possibility of overextraction generating a negative economic impact, conflicts among users, and greater income inequality. Scholars have discussed different governance approaches to deal with this threat, including centralized governance and self-governance, and lately, special attention has been paid to the interactions between formal institutions (the state) and local water user associations and how this promotes self-governance. The aim of this paper was to examine the adoption of Ostrom’s design principles present in the legal norms dictated in the Chilean Water Code by water user associations and to analyze the roles of their size, community homogeneity, and perceived water stress on adopting legal norms. The results showed that water communities generally follow the rules established in the Water Code, but the voting system, distribution of water, and fee payment are adjusted in small and homogenous water user associations. We can also conclude that a cornerstone in the system is implementing graduated sanctions, as water users see the tools provided by the Water Code as ineffective.
A Mechanically Flexible Superhydrophobic Rock Wool Modified with Reduced Graphene Oxide‐Chloroperene Rubber for Oil‐Spill Clean‐Up

The leakage of industrial oil and organic wastewater discharge has caused serious damage to the natural environment and ecology. Therefore, implementation of a low‐cost and high‐performance adsorbent material is of great significant. This work reports the preparation of superhydrophobic rock wool (RW) for efficient clean‐up of oil and organic solvents. The modified RW is prepared by coating a commercial RW with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets under hydrothermal treatment. To improve the adhesion between the RGO nanosheets and RW, a film of chloroperene rubber is deposited on the RW surface followed by modification with RGO. The modified RW possesses superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity with a water contact angle of 152.4°, and it is used for separation of oil–water mixture. The modified RW exhibits excellent mechanical elasticity and durability when compared with commercial one, and the adsorbed oils are recycled by simple squeezing. Its oil adsorption capacities are maintained above 95%, after several compression cycles. Importantly, the modified RW exhibits excellent photothermal properties which are beneficial for the separation of high‐viscosity oils. Owing to low costs, versatility, and scalability in production, the modified RW can be regarded as a suitable choice for large‐scale oil/water separation.
Analysis and Classification of Speech Imagery EEG Based on Chinese Initials

Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) can provide external information communication for people with normal thinking but impaired motor functions. For patients with language disorders, speech imagery BCIs make it possible to communicate normally. However, there are few studies on Chinese speech imagery at present. Almost all studies employed fixed experimental content, without considering the diversity in subjects. With the purpose of improving the effect of a Chinese speech imagery BCI system, a novel experiment of Chinese initials imagery was designed. The experiment is divided into two parts. A preliminary experiment used to select content for subjects. Formal experiment-specific experimental content was designed for subjects. After preprocessing, feature extraction was carried out by common spatial patterns (CSP) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and then a support vector machine (SVM) and extreme learning machine (ELM) were used for classification. Finally, the best performance was obtained by the model using DWT and ELM with a highest accuracy of 73.04%. This study shows that the novel experiment is feasible and can potentially extend the capability of utilizing speech imagery in future BCI applications.
Homotopy perturbation method with three expansions for Helmholtz-Fangzhu oscillator

This paper shows that the Toda oscillator can be converted to a new Helmholtz-Fangzhu equation, which is solved by the homotopy perturbation method with three expansions. The solution, the negative frequency and the damping rate are expanded into power forms in the homotopy parameter, the solution process is given step by step, and the results are of high accuracy. This paper gives a general approach to damp vibrations with singular terms,especially to the Helmholtz-Fangzhu oscillator.
Effect of PNF and NDT Bobath Concepts on Ischemic Strokes Patients for Trunk Rehabilitation – A Randomized Pilot Study

Introduction: Recently, various systematic reviews and evidence-based clinical practice guidelines have evaluated the efficacy of stroke rehabilitation interventions. Across them proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and neuro-developmental treatment (NDT) Bobath resulted to be an effective and widely used therapeutic approaches. Objective of the work: The aim of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of PNF and NDT Bobath concept for improvement of trunk motor control in patients after ischemic stroke. Materials and methods: The study consisted of 30 patients up to 3 months after ischemic stroke. Participants were randomly assigned to two study groups. Both group consisted of 15 patients underwent rehabilitation according to the PNF or NDT Bobath concept. Comparison of the changes in the Trunk Impairment Scale was the primary outcome. Results: The analysis of the values of total TIS scale showed a statistically significant improvement in both group. Within group analysis showed statistical significance among baseline and intermediate measurement, and among baseline and final measurement within both groups. The analysis of total TIS scale indicators between the PNF and Bobath groups showed no statistically significant differences. Conclusions: Both the PNF and Bobath concepts have proven to be effective in the treatment of posture control and there have been significant improvements in patients from both groups.
Reconfiguring Habits and Behaviors in Urban Centers: A Qualitative Study on the Impact of Perceptions on Public Insecurity

ABSTRACT After more than ten years of the United States (U.S.)-Mexico’s War on Drugs, Mexico continues to experience a crisis of public insecurity. This crisis has contributed to several Mexican cities being described as some of the most dangerous in the world. Drawing on qualitative research methods, this study investigates the effect of increasing perceptions of public insecurity on individuals’ habits and behaviors in 46 municipalities in the states of Mexico City, Estado de Mexico, Tamaulipas, and Oaxaca. Data is collected through in-depth interviews in urban areas (N = 184). The results provide public policy insights that could address the crisis of insecurity. An assertion is made that to reform the communities investigated, social violence must be tackled, and we attempt to provide a blueprint for such an initiative in this study.
General Scheme and Key Technology of Long March 5 Launch Vehicle

Long March 5 (LM-5) is a new generation of heavy-lift launch vehicle developed by China. It has successfully completed the first Mars exploration of China and the 3rd phase of China lunar exploration program of Chang’E 5 (CE-5). LM-5 experienced 30 years of key technology research and engineering development. During this period, a lot of engineering technical problems were conquered, rich experience in the development of large cryogenic launch vehicle was accumulated, and the development of the new generation launch vehicle system was constructed. The research capability and foundation of carrier rockets have been greatly improved. This paper describes the development background of LM-5. Based on the overall rocket technical scheme and technical innovation, this paper discusses the development thinking of the rocket, the modular configuration scheme, the overall optimization design technology of the whole rocket and the structure technology of the large diameter and large concentrated load rocket body, and probes into the key technical problems of the LM-5 for the deep space exploration mission, specifically, the orbit design and optimization technology for deep space exploration mission, and narrow window multi-orbit launch technology. LM-5 is a landmark project of China’s new generation of launch vehicle, representing the highest level of launch vehicle technology of China, and is a significant symbol for China’s transformation from a major player in space to major power in space.
System Performance as a Function of Calibration Methods, Sample Size and Sampling Variability in Likelihood Ratio-Based Forensic Voice Comparison

In data-driven forensic voice comparison, sample size is an issue which can have substantial effects on system output. Numerous calibration methods have been developed and some have been proposed as solutions to sample size issues. In this paper, we test four calibration methods (i.e. logistic regression, regularised logistic regression, Bayesian model, ELUB) under different conditions of sampling variability and sample size. Training and test scores were simulated from skewed distributions derived from real experiments, increasing sample sizes from 20 to 100 speakers for both the training and test sets. For each sample size, the experiments were replicated 100 times to test the susceptibility of different calibration methods to sampling variability. The C llr mean and range across replications were used for evaluation. The Bayesian model and regularized logistic regression produced the most stable C llr values when the sample size is small (i.e. 20 speakers), although mean C llr is consistently lowest using logistic regression. The ELUB calibration method generally is the least preferred as it is the most sensitive to sample size and sampling variability (mean = 0.66, range = 0.21-0.59).
Formal Modeling and Verification of ICN-IoT Middleware Architecture (S)

—As a key technology of the Internet of Things (IoT), middleware plays an important role in managing virtualized resources and services. However, traditional Internet architectures cannot ensure adequate data security and efﬁcient data delivery for IoT middlewares. Therefore, Information-Centric Networking (ICN), a paradigm of the future network, is introduced into IoT middlewares. Since ICN-IoT middleware is attracting more and more attentions, its security is worth discussing. In this paper, we adopt Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) to model the ICN-IoT middleware architecture. Five properties (deadlock freedom, data availability, action keys leakage, device faking and user faking) of the model are veriﬁed by utilizing the model checker Process Analysis Toolkit (PAT). According to the veriﬁcation results, the model cannot guarantee the security of data. To solve the problems, we encrypt messages with the receiver’s public key, and improve the model by introducing a method similar to the digital signature. The new veriﬁcation results demonstrate that our study can assure the security of the ICN-IoT middleware architecture.
Available Pathways for Operationalizing Circular Economy into the Olive Oil Supply Chain: Mapping Evidence from a Scoping Literature Review

Circular economy (CE) is increasingly seen as a promising paradigm for transitioning agri-food systems towards more sustainable models of production and consumption, enabling virtuous and regenerative biological metabolisms based on strategies of eco-efficiency and eco-effectiveness. This contribution seeks to provide a theoretical and empirical framework for operationalizing the CE principles into the olive oil supply chain, that plays a central role in the agroecological systems of the Mediterranean region. A scoping literature review has been conducted in order to identify the available pathways so far explored by scholars for reshaping the olive oil supply chain from a circular perspective. The analyzed literature has been charted on the base of the circular pathway examined, and according to the supply chain subsystem(s) to which it refers. Results are discussed highlighting the main issues, the technology readiness level of the available pathways, the prevailing approaches and knowledge gaps. A synthetic evidence map is provided, framing visually the scrutinized pathways into the Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s CE ‘butterfly’ graph. The work is intended to be a valuable baseline for inquiring how circularity can be advanced in the specific supply chain of olive oil, and which are the strategic opportunities, as well as the barriers to overcome, in order to foster the transition.
The Use of Social Media on Tourist Decision Making in Determining Hotel Selection

Hotel is one of the important facilities to accommodate tourist while at the destination. Because of that, tourist needs various references to choose a hotel that fits the purpose. One of the references that can be used by tourists is social media which is a form of technological advances from the internet. Social media can provide the information needed by tourists both from hotel rates, location, facilities, description and reviews of the hotel. Therefore, this research is conducted to determine how the use of social media in the decision-making process of domestic tourists in choosing a hotel, and knowing the stages taken by tourists in determining hotel choices. This study uses a qualitative research approach with narrative/descriptive research methods. In collecting data, researchers use the interview method, structured and unstructured for more in-depth interviews with 20 people consisting of 2 social media expert, 2 hotel employees and 16 active social media users. Keywords: social media, hotel selection, tourist
Exploring the effects of individual innovativeness dimensions on performance: a study with pharmaceutical managers

Background and Aims: Innovation is a crucial factor for individuals and businesses, particularly in the period of Industry 4.0. The objectives of the present study are to explore the factor structure of the Individual Innovativeness Scale (IS) in a manager sample, and then to investigate the dimensions’ impact on performance. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to managers in the pharmaceutical industry. Factor structure of the Individual Innovativeness Scale was determined via exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Afterwards, impacts of the dimensions on performance were assigned. Results: After exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, three dimensions emerged: resistance to change, openness to experience, and opinion leading. The regression model showed that opinion leading and openness to experience were significant predictors of performance. Conclusion: The IS is three dimensional in the pharmaceutical manager sample. Performance of pharmaceutical managers are affected from opinion leading and openness to experience. This paper has both theoretical and practical contributions.
Reservoir dynamics of rabies in south-east Tanzania and the roles of cross-species transmission and domestic dog vaccination

Understanding the role of different species in the transmission of multi-host pathogens, such as rabies virus, is vital for effective control strategies. Across most of sub-Saharan Africa domestic dogs Canis familiaris are considered the reservoir for rabies, but the role of wildlife has been long debated. Here we explore the multi-host transmission dynamics of rabies across south-east Tanzania. Between January 2011 and July 2019, data on probable rabies cases were collected in the regions of Lindi and Mtwara. Hospital records of animal-bite patients presenting to healthcare facilities were used as sentinels for animal contact tracing. The timing, location and species of probable rabid animals were used to reconstruct transmission trees to infer who infected whom and the relative frequencies of within- and between-species transmission. During the study, 688 probable human rabies exposures were identified, resulting in 47 deaths. Of these exposures, 389 were from domestic dogs (56.5%) and 262 from jackals (38.1%). Over the same period, 549 probable animal rabies cases were traced: 303 in domestic dogs (55.2%) and 221 in jackals (40.3%), with the remainder in domestic cats and other wildlife species. Although dog-to-dog transmission was most commonly inferred (40.5% of transmission events), a third of inferred events involved wildlife-to-wildlife transmission (32.6%), and evidence suggested some sustained transmission chains within jackal populations. A steady decline in probable rabies cases in both humans and animals coincided with the implementation of widespread domestic dog vaccination during the first 6 years of the study. Following the lapse of this program, dog rabies cases began to increase in one of the northernmost districts. Synthesis and applications. In south-east Tanzania, despite a relatively high incidence of rabies in wildlife and evidence of wildlife-to-wildlife transmission, domestic dogs remain essential to the reservoir of infection. Continued dog vaccination alongside improved surveillance would allow a fuller understanding of the role of wildlife in maintaining transmission in this area. Nonetheless, dog vaccination clearly suppressed rabies in both domestic dog and wildlife populations, reducing both public health and conservation risks and, if sustained, has potential to eliminate rabies from this region.
Tectonic Geomorphology and Paleoseismology of the Sharkhai fault: a new source of seismic hazard for Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia)

Abstract. We present new constraints from tectonic geomorphology and paleoseismology along the newly discovered Sharkhai fault near the capital city of Mongolia. Detailed observations from high resolution Pleiades satellite images and field investigations allowed us to map the fault in detail, describe its geometry and segmentation, characterize its kinematics, and document its recent activity and seismic behavior (cumulative displacements and paleoseismicity). The Sharkhai fault displays a surface length of ~40 km with a slightly arcuate geometry, and a strike ranging from N42° E to N72° E. It affects numerous drainages that show left-lateral cumulative displacements reaching 57 m. Paleoseismic investigations document the faulting and deposition record for the last ~3000 yr and reveal that the penultimate earthquake (PE) occurred between 1515 ± 90 BC and 945 ± 110 BC and the most recent event (MRE) occurred after 860 ± 85 AD. The resulting time interval of 2080 ± 470 years is the first constraint on the Sharkhai fault for large earthquakes. On the basis of our mapping of the surface rupture and the resulting segmentation analysis, we propose two possible scenarios for large earthquakes with likely magnitudes between 6.4 ± 0.2 and 7.1 ± 0.2. Furthermore, we apply scaling laws to infer coseismic slip values and derive preliminary estimates of long-term slip rates between 0.2 ± 0.2 and 1.0 ± 0.5 mm/y. Finally, we propose that these original observations and results from a newly discovered fault should be taken into account for the seismic hazard assessment for the city of Ulaanbaatar and help build a comprehensive model of active faults in that region.
Cover crops as green mulching for weed management in rice

A field study was carried out in 2017 and 2018 in two Italian rice farms (at Livorno Ferraris and Rovasenda) to assess the effect of using cover crops as green mulching on weed control and rice yield. In each site, three different rice fields were sown after rice harvest with either Vicia villosa, Lolium multiflorum, or a mixture of both (V. villosa 40% + L. multiflorum 60%); at Rovasenda a small percentage of Brassica napus and Triticale was also present in the mixture. An additional field at both sites without cover crop was considered as a control reference. Rice was broadcasted sown within the cover crop in May. After few days, the cover crop was terminated in half of each field using a roller-crimper, while in the other half it was terminated by shredding. Within 10 days, the fields were flooded for about a week to promote the degradation of the cover crop biomass. Then, the fields were cultivated in flooding conditions without further weed control. Weed density and weed cover were evaluated thrice during the growing season. At harvest, rice yield and harvest index were determined. Mixed nested ANOVAs were performed for each site to assess the effect of cover crop species, termination technique, and the interaction between cover crop and year. L. multiflorum showed a high biomass before termination, while V. villosa had a more variable development. At Rovasenda, V. villosa growth was limited because of the combination of scarce emergence due to sod-seeding and frost damage. In general, green mulching significantly affected weed density. The best weed suppression was observed with L. multiflorum and mix at Rovasenda, with values of weed density <40 plants m-2 recorded in 2018. At both sites, rice yield was variable in the two years. The highest rice yield (>5 t ha-1) was observed in 2018 in the shredded mixture at Rovasenda and in V. villosa at Livorno Ferraris in 2017. Generally, control fields showed lower yields (1-3 t ha-1) at both sites. The termination methods did not significantly affect both weed density and rice yield. The results highlighted that green mulching could reduce weed infestations, even though alone is not able to completely avoid weed development. Some critical issues of the technique were observed, such as the need of a good cover crop establishment, that eventually results in abundant biomass production and significant weed suppression. Highlights - Green mulching reduces weed pressure but it should be integrated with other weed control techniques. - Hairy vetch showed poor establishment because of the combination of scarce emergence due to sod-seeding and low temperatures. - Italian ryegrass was more tolerant to low temperatures and showed a good cover that contained weed growth. - Cover crop mixture showed variable results with higher suppression probably related to the number of cover crop species present in the mixture. - The termination methods (crimping and shredding) did not affect weed density and rice yield.