Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive abundance analysis of red giants in the open clusters NGC 752, NGC 1817, NGC 2360 and NGC

ABSTRACT We have analyzed high-dispersion echelle spectra (R & 50,000) of red giant mem-bers for four open clusters to derive abundances for many elements. The spread intemperatures and gravities being very small among the red giants nearly the samestellar lines were employed thereby reducing the random errors. The errors of averageabundance for the cluster were generally in 0.02 to 0.07 dex range. Our present samplecovers galactocentric distances of 8.3 to 10.5 kpc. The [Fe/H] values are −0.02±0.05for NGC 752, −0.07±0.06 for NGC 2360, −0.11±0.05 for NGC 1817 and −0.19±0.06for NGC 2506. Abundances relative to Fe for elements from Na to Eu are equal withinmeasurement uncertainties to published abundances for thin disk giants in the ﬁeld. This supports the view that ﬁeld stars come from disrupted open clusters.Keywords: – Galaxy: abundances – Galaxy: open clusters and associations – stars:abundances: general – open clusters: individual: NGC 752, NGC 1817, NGC 2360,NGC 2506 1 INTRODUCTIONOpen clusters (OCs) are believed to be coeval groups of starsborn from the same proto-cluster cloud which may have beenpart of a larger star-forming region in the Milky Way.Ages ofclusters range from very young where stars are still formingto nearly 10 Gyr (Dias et al. 2002). Since all stars in mostOCs are at the same distance and have the same chemicalcomposition, basic stellar parameters like age, distance, andmetallicity can be determined more accurately than for ﬁeldstars. Thus, OCs provide an excellent opportunity to mapthe structure, kinematics, and chemistry of the Galactic diskwith respect to Galactic coordinates and time.The presence of chemical homogeneity among clustermembers has been shown by the study of OCs, see, for ex-ample, spectroscopic analyses of the Hyades (Paulson et al.2003; De Silva et al. 2006) and Collinder 261 (Carretta etal. 2005; De Silva et al. 2007). This observed homogeneitysigniﬁes that the proto-cloud is well mixed, and hence, theabundance pattern of a cluster bears the signature of chem-ical evolution of the natal cloud. Chemical evolution of theMilky Way has, of course, been well studied using ﬁeld stars.A large fraction of ﬁeld stars are from disrupted OCs (Lada
Contrast Agents Delivery: An Up-to-Date Review of Nanodiagnostics in Neuroimaging

Neuroimaging is a highly important field of neuroscience, with direct implications for the early diagnosis and progression monitoring of brain-associated diseases. Neuroimaging techniques are categorized into structural, functional and molecular neuroimaging, each possessing advantages and disadvantages in terms of resolution, invasiveness, toxicity of contrast agents and costs. Nanotechnology-based approaches for neuroimaging mostly involve the development of nanocarriers for incorporating contrast agents or the use of nanomaterials as imaging agents. Inorganic and organic nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, nanobodies and quantum dots are some of the most studied candidates for the delivery of contrast agents for neuroimaging. This paper focuses on describing the conventional modalities used for imaging and the applications of nanotechnology for developing novel strategies for neuroimaging. The aim is to highlight the roles of nanocarriers for enhancing and/or overcome the limitations associated with the most commonly utilized neuroimaging modalities. For future directions, several techniques that could benefit from the increased contrast induced by using imaging probes are presented.
Causal Linkage among Agricultural Insurance, Air Pollution, and Agricultural Green Total Factor Productivity in United States: Pairwise Granger Causality Approach

Agricultural insurance and green agriculture are strongly related. Agricultural insurance not only motivates farmers to adopt environmentally friendly production technology and enhances the effectiveness of production, but it also accomplishes the goal of lowering the number of chemicals that are put into the environment. This article investigates the dynamic relationship between agricultural insurance, air pollution, and agricultural green total factor productivity. To complete the aim, the authors used the panel auto-regressive distributed lags method (PMG method) and panel data from 50 states of the United States between 2005 and 2019. The empirical findings demonstrate a considerable co-integration and a cross-sectional reliance between agricultural insurance, air pollution, and agricultural green total factor production. Expanding agricultural insurance may boost agricultural green whole factor output but also exacerbate air pollution. However, significant air pollution does not increase agricultural production’s green total factor productivity. The panel Granger causality test shows a one-way causal relationship between agricultural insurance, green total factor productivity, and air pollution. A one-way causal relationship exists between air pollution and agricultural green total factor productivity. The author concluded that improving agricultural insurance coverage or cutting down on air pollution will boost agricultural green total factor output. These findings have long-term policy and management repercussions, particularly for those involved in agriculture policy and environmental management.
Relationship satisfaction during COVID‐19: The role of partners' perceived support and attachment

Abstract Objective The main goal of this study was to examine the interplay between individuals' attachment insecurity and their perceptions of their partners' COVID‐related behaviors (supportive and negative behaviors) in predicting their relationship satisfaction. Background Stress is a well‐documented risk factor for relationship satisfaction. COVID‐19 related stressors thus pose a challenge to maintaining relationship satisfaction. Although partners' supportive behaviors can play a central role in mitigating these stressors, enduring individual vulnerabilities, such as attachment insecurity, are likely to moderate the effectiveness of supportive (or negative) behaviors. Method In this two‐wave study, conducted at the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Israel, 239 participants in cohabiting Israeli couples reported their current relationship satisfaction and perceived partners' supportive and negative behaviors in response to COVID‐related stress. Participants' pre‐COVID reports of relationship satisfaction and attachment orientations were used to assess the extent to which partners' supportive/negative behaviors interacted with attachment orientations to predict relationship satisfaction maintenance during the first lockdown in Israel. Results Higher levels of support and lower levels of negative behaviors were associated with greater relationship satisfaction maintenance. Anxiously attached individuals showed greater sensitivity to their partners' support, whereas avoidantly attached individuals manifested lower reactivity to their partners' negative behaviors. Conclusions Perceived partners' supportive and negative behaviors can predict relationship satisfaction during stressful times. However, high attachment anxiety and low attachment avoidance may render individuals more sensitive to such behaviors. Implications The results suggest that during times of stress, it is essential to target partners with attachment insecurity to strengthen their supportive skills.
Protein Quality Control in Glioblastoma: A Review of the Current Literature with New Perspectives on Therapeutic Targets

Protein quality control allows eukaryotes to maintain proteostasis under the stress of constantly changing conditions. In this review, we discuss the current literature on PQC, highlighting flaws that must exist for malignancy to occur. At the nidus of PQC, the expression of BAG1-6 reflects the cell environment; each isoform directs proteins toward different, parallel branches of the quality control cascade. The sum of these branches creates a net shift toward either homeostasis or apoptosis. With an established role in ALP, Bag3 is necessary for cell survival in stress conditions including those of the cancerous niche (i.e., hypoxia, hypermutation). Evidence suggests that excessive Bag3–HSP70 activity not only sustains, but also propagates cancers. Its role is anti-apoptotic—which allows malignant cells to persist—and intercellular—with the production of infectious ‘oncosomes’ enabling cancer expansion and recurrence. While Bag3 has been identified as a key prognostic indicator in several cancer types, its investigation is limited regarding glioblastoma. The cochaperone HSP70 has been strongly linked with GBM, while ALP inhibitors have been shown to improve GBM susceptibility to chemotherapeutics. Given the highly resilient, frequently recurrent nature of GBM, the targeting of Bag3 is a necessary consideration for the successful and definitive treatment of GBM.
The viscous evolution of white dwarf merger remnants

The merger of two white dwarfs (WDs) creates a differentially rotating remnant which is unstable to magnetohydrodynamic instabilities. These instabilities can lead to viscous evolution on a time-scale short compared to the thermal evolution of the remnant. We present multidimensional hydrodynamic simulations of the evolution of WD merger remnants under the action of an alpha-viscosity. We initialize our calculations using the output of eight WD merger simulations from Dan et al., which span a range of mass ratios and total masses. We generically find that the merger remnants evolve towards spherical states on time-scales of hours, even though a significant fraction of the mass is initially rotationally supported. The viscous evolution unbinds only a very small amount of mass (less than or similar to 10(-5)M(circle dot)). Viscous heating causes some of the systems we study with He WD secondaries to reach conditions of nearly-dynamical burning. It is thus possible that the post-merger viscous phase triggers detonation of the He envelope in some WD mergers, potentially producing a Type Ia supernova via a double-detonation scenario. Our calculations provide the proper initial conditions for studying the long-term thermal evolution of WD merger remnants. This is important for understanding WD mergers as progenitors of Type Ia supernovae, neutron stars, R Coronae Borealis stars and other phenomena.
Remote Sensing Based Crop Monitoring System

Agriculture is the most common livelihood for about 58 percent of India's population and India is the second largest producer of the world's major food staples. Indian farmers follow and practice traditional farming with minimum use of technologies even though they face major issues during crop cultivation, varying from soil not fit for crops to unfavorable weather conditions. Technologies such as remote sensing help in the easy monitoring of various agricultural parameters like mineral and moisture composition of the soil, crop suitability of the soil, and weather forecast. Vegetation indexes help in determining these parameters using satellite data, which helps farmers to monitor their fields on a regular basis.
A Novel Convolution Neural Network Model for Wafer Map Defect Patterns Classification

Classification of wafer map defect patterns (WMDPs) plays an important role nowadays to improve the production quality in semiconductor industries. In the fabrication process, due to the complexity of semiconductor slices pattern, manual detection of wafer map defects is quite challenging and increases production costs. Thus, early detection of wafer map defects is necessary to improve product quality and hence reduce production costs. Correct classification of wafer map defects improves the inspection of fabricated wafers. In recent years, computer-aided automatic detection of wafer map defects classification is widely used by the semiconductor manufacturers. This paper presents a novel convolution neural network (CNN) model for the classification of images of WMDPs. The work presented considers an open dataset, namely WM-811K, consisting of 9 defects in wafer maps. The proposed CNN model reduces the parametric calculation and efficiently classifies different types of semiconductor wafer images from high volume production datasets. The experimental results using the proposed CNN model demonstrated that it can be classify the defects in wafer maps with higher accuracy of 99.70%. Further, the performance of the proposed model is also evaluated by comparing the results with the other state-of-the-art models in terms of F1-Score.
Electrochemical behavior of chloramphenicol on carbon electrodes in a microelectrochemical cell

Express determination of antibiotics is an extremely important task today. Portable electrochemical microdevices are a viable alternative to traditional methods of analysis. The development of such devices requires the study of redox processes in detail. This article is devoted to the comparative study of the electrochemical behavior of chloramphenicol in water solvents in standard laboratory and portable microelectrochemical cells. It was found that the electrochemical reduction of chloramphenicol proceeds via a 3-electron mechanism to the formation of a dimer. In the transition from the macrocell to the microcell, a decrease in the electrochemical reduction current and a shift of the peak potential to the cathode region are observed, which is apparently associated mainly with the type of the electrode material. The best characteristics of the direct electrochemical response were obtained in the differential pulse voltammetry mode. Under the selected operating parameters, the peak current of the electrochemical reduction of chloramphenicol is linearly dependent on the concentration of the antibiotic in the range of 2∙10–3–1∙10–5 M with a detection limit of 3∙10–5 M. Obtained characteristics are sufficient for the quality control of pharmaceuticals and can be improved through the use of organic and hybrid modifiers of the working electrode surface.
Discrete-Time Fixed-Lag Smoothing,

Abstract : It has been shown that previously derived algorithms for recursive, optimal, fixed-lag smoothing are unstable under the same assumptions for which the corresponding Kalman filter is stable. In this paper, a stable algorithm for fixed-lag smoothing is developed for the discrete-time problem. The algorithm is optimal and appears to be computationally tractable for on-line smoothing. A smoothing error covariance relation is also developed in the paper to provide a means for assessing fixed-lag smoothing performance. A numerical example involving a third-order communications system model is presented and the performance of fixed-lag smoothing is compared with that of filtering for two separate cases. (Author)
Adjuvant PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors and Relapse-Free Survival in Cancer Patients: The MOUSEION-04 Study

Simple Summary Despite a significant improvement in clinical outcomes and the emergence of novel and potentially curative strategies, a noticeable number of oncological patients witness a disease relapse after surgery. Adjuvant treatments have been developed to reduce the risk of recurrence and gain survival benefits for these patients. The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the impact of adjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors on relapse-free survival in cancer patients with many solid tumors. We confirmed that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors may reduce the risk of relapse in many tumor types, compared to control treatments. Moreover, we showed that the benefit was consistent in subgroups divided according to gender and age. Abstract Background: Adjuvant treatment has always been a cornerstone in the therapeutic approach of many cancers, considering its role in reducing the risk of relapse and, in some cases, increasing overall survival. Adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors have been tested in different malignancies. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis aimed to explore the impact of adjuvant PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors on relapse-free survival (RFS) in cancer patients enrolled in randomized controlled clinical trials. We retrieved all phase III trials published from 15 June 2008 to 15 May 2022, evaluating PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors monotherapy as an adjuvant treatment by searching on EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and PubMed/ Medline, and international oncological meetings’ abstracts. The outcome of interest was RFS. We also performed subgroup analyses focused on age and gender. Results: Overall, 8 studies, involving more than 6000 patients, were included in the analysis. The pooled results highlighted that the use of adjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors may reduce the risk of relapse compared to control treatments (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence intervals, 0.67–0.78). In addition, the subgroup analyses observed that this benefit was consistent in different patient populations, including male, female, younger, and older patients. Conclusions: Adjuvant anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment is associated with an increased RFS in the overall population and in subgroups divided according to age and gender.
Impact of the numerical solution approach of a plant hydrodynamic model (v0.1) on vegetation dynamics

Abstract. Numerous plant hydrodynamic models have started to be implemented in vegetation dynamics models, reflecting the central role of plant hydraulic traits in driving water, energy, and carbon cycles, as well as plant adaptation to climate change. Different numerical approximations of the governing equations of the hydrodynamic models have been documented, but the numerical accuracy of these models and its subsequent effects on the simulated vegetation function and dynamics have rarely been evaluated. Using different numerical solution methods (including implicit and explicit approaches) and vertical discrete grid resolutions, we evaluated the numerical performance of a plant hydrodynamic module in the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES-HYDRO version 0.1) based on single-point and global simulations. Our simulation results showed that when near-surface vertical grid spacing is coarsened (grid size >10 cm), the model significantly overestimates aboveground biomass (AGB) in most of the temperate forest locations and underestimates AGB in the boreal forest locations, as compared to a simulation with finer vertical grid spacing. Grid coarsening has a small effect on AGB in the tropical zones of Asia and South America. In particular, coarse surface grid resolution should not be used when there are large and prolonged water content differences among soil layers at depths due to long dry-season duration and/or well-drained soil or when soil evaporation is a dominant fraction of evapotranspiration. Similarly, coarse surface grid resolution should not be used when there is lithologic discontinuity along the soil depth. This information is useful for uncertainty quantification, sensitivity analysis, or the training of surrogate models to design the simulations when computational cost limits the use of ensemble simulations.
Teachers' Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge for Integrative Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education

The study aimed to validate a measure of teachers' self-efficacy in implementing integrative science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education-the Technological Pedagogical STEM Knowledge Survey (TP-STEMK)-in a sample of 235 teachers in Hong Kong. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test TP-STEMK's measurement validity, while structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to examine the interrelationships among its factors. Results of the CFA showed that the four-factor model of TP-STEMK composed of self-efficacy for technological pedagogical mathematics knowledge (TPMK), technological pedagogical science knowledge (TPSK), technological pedagogical engineering knowledge (TPEK), and integrative STEM (iSTEM) has good fit to the data, providing support for its measurement validity. Moreover, results of the SEM revealed that TPMK, TPSK, and TPEK significantly and positively predicted iSTEM, with TPMK as the strongest predictor. Hence, the study was able to extend the validity of the TP-STEMK to a sample of teachers in Hong Kong.
Shock growth of ice crystal near equilibrium melting pressure under dynamic compression

Significance Crystal growth and morphological transitions are crucial for fundamental science and wide applications. Nevertheless, their mechanisms under local nonequilibrium growth condition are unclear due to severe interference of thermal and mass transports on the interplay between thermodynamic driving force and interface kinetics. Here, we reveal the origin of the pressure-induced 2D shock growth of ice VI crystal by using dynamic compression, in which a dimensional transition from 3D to 2D is observed. Unlike generally expected, the 2D shock growth occurs from 3D crystal edges rather than from its corners upon fast compression, even near equilibrium growth condition. This is due to similar interface structure to the crystal edge plane facilitating the fast interface kinetics under local nonequilibrium growth. Crystal growth is governed by an interplay between macroscopic driving force and microscopic interface kinetics at the crystal–liquid interface. Unlike the local equilibrium growth condition, the interplay becomes blurred under local nonequilibrium, which raises many questions about the nature of diverse crystal growth and morphological transitions. Here, we systematically control the growth condition from local equilibrium to local nonequilibrium by using an advanced dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC) and generate anomalously fast growth of ice VI phase with a morphological transition from three- to two-dimension (3D to 2D), which is called a shock crystal growth. Unlike expected, the shock growth occurs from the edges of 3D crystal along the (112) crystal plane rather than its corners, which implies that the fast compression yields effectively large overpressure at the crystal–liquid interface, manifesting the local nonequilibrium condition. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation reproduces the faster growth of the (112) plane than other planes upon applying large overpressure. Moreover, the MD study reveals that the 2D shock crystal growth originates from the similarity of the interface structure between water and the (112) crystal plane under the large overpressure. This study provides insight into crystal growth under dynamic compressions, which makes a bridge for the unknown behaviors of crystal growth between under static and dynamic pressure conditions.
Validity and Reliability of questionnaires measuring attitudes to oral health: A review of the literature

Background The instruments used to assess attitudes to oral health must be validated in order for their results to be reliable and comparable with other variables. The aim of this review was to analyze the ability of self-administered questionnaires to validly and reliably measure attitudes to oral health. Material and Methods A bibliographic review was carried out using the following databases, Medline (PubMed), SCOPUS and Web of Science from the year 2016 to 2021, using the keywords: (questionnaire* OR survey*) AND (attitude* OR behav*) AND (“oral health” OR “dental care”) AND (validity OR reliability). Results A total of 234 original articles were found in the databases, only 22 met the selection criteria, of which 13 were aimed at patients and nine at health professionals. Evidence of validity and reliability was determined using “COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments” (COSMIN). Conclusions Most of the articles partially meet the validity and reliability criteria. Key words:Questionnaire, attitude, behavior, oral health, validity and reliability.