Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nurses Perceptions of Family Presence during Resuscitation in the Emergency Department

Family presence during resuscitation has been a controversial and much debated topic for many years. In the past decade, the movement toward family presence has steadily grown. The Emergency Nurses Association (ENA) and the American Heart Association (AHA) have endorsed family presence and incorporated guidelines for its implementation. Although becoming more accepted in practice, there are still many hospitals without family presence policies, and some nurses and other health care providers continue to identify concerns about its’ use. The purpose of this project was to survey nurses’ perceptions of family presence during resuscitation in the Emergency Department. A researcher developed a survey which was left in the study site’s Emergency Department break room for a period of two weeks. The target samples were Registered Nurses (RNs) employed in the ED. Thirteen out of 59 RNs completed the survey. More than half of the respondents believed in general that family should be present, that family presence encouraged increased professional behavior from the RN, and families being present can facilitate closure. Recommendations and implications for advanced practice nursing and the need for future research are discussed.
Paradigm Shift for Radical S-Adenosyl-l-methionine Reactions: The Organometallic Intermediate Ω Is Central to Catalysis

Radical S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) enzymes comprise a vast superfamily catalyzing diverse reactions essential to all life through homolytic SAM cleavage to liberate the highly reactive 5′-deoxyadenosyl radical (5′-dAdo·). Our recent observation of a catalytically competent organometallic intermediate Ω that forms during reaction of the radical SAM (RS) enzyme pyruvate formate-lyase activating-enzyme (PFL-AE) was therefore quite surprising, and led to the question of its broad relevance in the superfamily. We now show that Ω in PFL-AE forms as an intermediate under a variety of mixing order conditions, suggesting it is central to catalysis in this enzyme. We further demonstrate that Ω forms in a suite of RS enzymes chosen to span the totality of superfamily reaction types, implicating Ω as essential in catalysis across the RS superfamily. Finally, EPR and electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopy establish that Ω involves an Fe–C5′ bond between 5′-dAdo· and the [4Fe–4S] cluster. An analogous organometallic bond is found in the well-known adenosylcobalamin (coenzyme B12) cofactor used to initiate radical reactions via a 5′-dAdo· intermediate. Liberation of a reactive 5′-dAdo· intermediate via homolytic metal–carbon bond cleavage thus appears to be similar for Ω and coenzyme B12. However, coenzyme B12 is involved in enzymes catalyzing only a small number (∼12) of distinct reactions, whereas the RS superfamily has more than 100 000 distinct sequences and over 80 reaction types characterized to date. The appearance of Ω across the RS superfamily therefore dramatically enlarges the sphere of bio-organometallic chemistry in Nature.
Mechanistic Insight through Irreversible Inhibition: DNA Polymerase θ Uses a Common Active Site for Polymerase and Lyase Activities.

DNA polymerase θ (Pol θ) is a multifunctional enzyme. It is nonessential in normal cells, but its upregulation in cancer cells correlates with cellular resistance to oxidative damage and poor prognosis. Pol θ possesses polymerase activity and poorly characterized lyase activity. We examined the Pol θ lyase activity on various abasic sites and determined that the enzyme is inactivated upon attempted removal of the oxidized abasic site commonly associated with C4'-oxidation (pC4-AP). Covalent modification of Pol θ by the DNA lesion enabled determination of the primary nucleophile (Lys2383) responsible for Schiff base formation in the lyase reaction. Unlike some other base excision repair polymerases, Pol θ uses a single active site for polymerase and lyase activity. Mutation of Lys2383 significantly reduces both enzyme activities but not DNA binding. Demonstration that Lys2383 is required for polymerase and lyase activities indicates that this residue is an Achilles heel for Pol θ and suggests a path forward for designing inhibitors of this attractive anticancer target.
The university of Florida sparse matrix collection

We describe the University of Florida Sparse Matrix Collection, a large and actively growing set of sparse matrices that arise in real applications. The Collection is widely used by the numerical linear algebra community for the development and performance evaluation of sparse matrix algorithms. It allows for robust and repeatable experiments: robust because performance results with artificially generated matrices can be misleading, and repeatable because matrices are curated and made publicly available in many formats. Its matrices cover a wide spectrum of domains, include those arising from problems with underlying 2D or 3D geometry (as structural engineering, computational fluid dynamics, model reduction, electromagnetics, semiconductor devices, thermodynamics, materials, acoustics, computer graphics/vision, robotics/kinematics, and other discretizations) and those that typically do not have such geometry (optimization, circuit simulation, economic and financial modeling, theoretical and quantum chemistry, chemical process simulation, mathematics and statistics, power networks, and other networks and graphs). We provide software for accessing and managing the Collection, from MATLAB#8482;, Mathematica#8482;, Fortran, and C, as well as an online search capability. Graph visualization of the matrices is provided, and a new multilevel coarsening scheme is proposed to facilitate this task.
Syphilis: A Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment

Syphilis has re-emerged as an important cause of morbidity, mortality and a possible transmission factor in the spread of HIV infection. The control of syphilis requires early identification and treatment of cases. Here the diagnostic tests are reviewed and discussed, including when to think of lumbar puncture for the examination of neurosyphilis. The British, European and American guidelines for treatment at each stage are compared; with efficacy and side effect profile of regimens considered and advice on management of complications. Stemming the spread of infection requires increased education, early diagnosis and prompt notification of partners.
Some Thoughts on Electrospray Ionization Mechanisms

Electrospray ionization (ESI) mechanisms are highly complex, due to a series of physical and chemical phenomena taking place on a complex system, as a solution is. In fact, even if the solution of an analyte in a protic medium can be considered at first sight to be a two-component system, the presence of solvent dissociation equilibria and the possible interactions solvent–solvent dissociation products, solvent dissociation products–analyte make this system highly complex, also for the presence of possible ionic compounds (for example, Na+, K+) which strongly affect the above equilibria. A high number of research articles have been published, mainly devoted to charged droplet production and to gas-phase ion generation. They all show the high complexity of the processes affecting electrospray measurements related to either the chemical equilibria present in the condensed phase and to electrolysis processes at the emitter tip or to the processes occurring in the sprayed droplets. As a result, the chemical composition inside the small droplets from which the analyte ions are generated can be significantly different from those in sprayed solution. In this review, after a short survey of the proposed ESI mechanisms, some experiments are described. They were performed to examine if ion mobility in solution, before the formation of the sprayed charged droplets, can affect the ESI results. The data, obtained by studying both inorganic and organic analytes, indicate that the ESI spectra are dependent on the analyte dimension and charge state which, as a consequence, affect their ion mobility in solution.
Isolating Clusters of Light Elements in Molecular Sieves with Atom Probe Tomography

Understanding the 3-D distribution and nature of active sites in heterogeneous catalysts is critical to developing structure–function relationships. However, this is difficult to achieve in microporous materials as there is little relative z-contrast between active and inactive framework elements (e.g., Al, O, P, and Si), making them difficult to differentiate with electron microscopies. We have applied atom probe tomography (APT), currently the only nanometer-scale 3-D microscopy to offer routine light element contrast, to the methanol-to-hydrocarbons (MTH) catalyst SAPO-34, with Si as the active site, which may be present in the framework as either isolated Si species or clusters (islands) of Si atoms. 29Si solid-state NMR data on isotopically enriched and natural abundance materials are consistent with the presence of Si islands, and the APT results have been complemented with simulations to show the smallest detectable cluster size as a function of instrument spatial resolution and detector efficiency. We have identified significant Si–Si affinity in the materials, as well as clustering of coke deposited by the MTH reaction (13CH3OH used) and an affinity between Brønsted acid sites and coke. A comparison with simulations shows that the ultimate spatial resolution that can be attained by APT applied to molecular sieves is 0.5–1 nm. Finally, the observed 13C clusters are consistent with hydrocarbon pool mechanism intermediates that are preferentially located in regions of increased Brønsted acidity.
Fault attack to the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm with multiple bit faults

Elliptic curve cryptosystems proved to be well suited for securing systems with constrained resources like embedded and portable devices. In a fault attack, errors are induced during the computation of a cryptographic primitive, and the faulty results are collected to derive information about the secret key stored into the device in a non-readable way. Scenarios where the secure devices are seized by an opponent are quite common. Consequently, it is possible for an attacker to induce changes in the working environment of the device to cause alterations in the computation of the cryptographic primitive. We introduce a new fault model and attack methodology to recover the secret key employed in implementations of the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm. Our attack exploits the information leakage induced when altering the execution of the modular arithmetic operations used in the signature primitive and does not rely on the properties of the underlying elliptic curve mathematical structure, thus being applicable to curves defined on both prime fields and binary fields. The attack is easily reproducible with low cost fault injection technologies relying on transient errors placed within a single datapath width of the target architecture.
Pharmacognostical and phytochemical investigations of Moringa concanensis (Moringaceae) an ethno medicine of Nilgiris

The plant Moringa concanensis Nimmo is a tree belongs to family Moringaceae locally known as Kattumurungai by tribal peoples of Nilgiris hill region in Tamilnadu. In view of its medicinal importance and taxonomic confusion, pharmacognostic studies, microscopical structure, morphological characters, chemical analysis and numerical values in epidermal study were carried out to supplement the necessary information for the systematic identification and authentication of this plant, as per WHO guidelines. Pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical investigations of this plant were carried out and reported.
Attributes of successful intergenerational online activities

Changing family structures and associated geographical distances between family members lead to a transfer of offline activities to online environments to maintain and facilitate the relationships. Especially in the case of grandparents and grandchildren this is crucial both for grandparents to be included in family activities and grandchildren to benefit from their grandparents' experiences and time. In order to create successful, i.e. appropriate and entertaining intergenerational online activities, we identified attributes of offline activities conducted by grandparents and grandchildren, which can be applied to interactive systems as well. During a user requirements analysis phase end users were involved to assess the most important activities as well as the communication behavior and the characteristics of relationships between grandparents and grandchildren. Finally, 13 attributes of entertaining activities have been deduced, which focus on the structure, the appearance and the users' goals as well as on special characteristics of the user groups.
Supermetallization of Peptides and Proteins with Tetravalent Metal Th(IV)

Supermetallization is the recently observed phenomenon of the formation of complex ions of peptide–metal in the gas phase when the peptide accepts an unexpectedly large number of metal atoms. It has been found that supermetallization takes place during electrospray ionization when charged droplets are evaporating at relatively high temperature (ca 400 °C). In the present paper, we demonstrate supermetallized complexes of small protein ubiquitin and two peptides with Th(IV). We have observed complexes of ubiquitin with up to five thorium atoms, and attaching each Th(IV) requires the removal of four hydrogen atoms. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of gas-phase complexes of peptides and proteins with tetravalent metal atoms.
Combining interviews and scales in the multidimensional evaluation of user experience: a case study in 3D games

Motivation -- To study the convergence between different methods evaluating two dimensions of User Experience: usability and emotions. Research approach -- A prospective experimental approach was used, in which 20 participants were asked to express their experience of two 3D applications of board sports. Scales, questionnaires and self-confrontation interviews are compared. Findings -- The results show that participants' responses for the different scales broadly converge. However, regarding the users' emotions, the convergence between scales responses and statements in the interviews is less obvious. Research limitations/Implications -- The sample size (twenty university students) restricts the possible generalization of the findings. Originality/Value -- The research makes a contribution to study the effective gain of UX assessment approaches combining different methods. Take away message -- Methods based on self-reports of experience are critical as questionnaires did not allow to make a clear distinction between UX of two applications.
Ensemble‐derived stationary and flow‐dependent background‐error covariances: Evaluation in a quasi‐operational NWP setting

In this study several approaches for obtaining more accurate background‐error covariances for atmospheric data assimilation are evaluated. Experiments are conducted by replacing the covariances in the operational three‐dimensional variational analysis system at the Canadian Meteorological Centre. In the current system, these covariances are computed using the so‐called NMC method that is known to suffer from several deficiencies. The approaches evaluated in this study attempt to more realistically sample the probability distribution of background error by simulating (using a Monte Carlo approach) the error generated at each stage of the forecast‐analysis process. The ensemble Kalman filter and a simpler approach applied to an existing forecast‐analysis system are both used to generate these error samples. In addition, error samples are generated directly from the covariances of the operational system to allow the effects of sampling error to be quantified. Several strategies for estimating the full covariance matrix from a relatively small number of error samples are then employed. Approaches include the use of a spatially localized ensemble representation of the correlations that allows the usual assumptions of homogeneity and isotropy to be relaxed. In addition, the use of a weighted average between such a covariance matrix and a covariance matrix with homogeneous and isotropic correlations is evaluated. Several diagnostic results from the estimated background‐error covariances are presented in addition to verification statistics computed from two‐week forecast‐analysis experiments. Modest forecast improvements are obtained by using the new background‐error covariance estimates, mostly in the southern hemisphere. However, additional results suggest that further improvements may be gained by increasing the number of error samples and a preliminary quantitative estimate of the expected gain is computed. © Crown copyright, 2005. Royal Meteorological Society
The Determinants of Productivity in Medical Testing : Intensity and Allocation of Care

A large body of research has investigated whether physicians overuse care. There is less evidence on whether, for a fixed level of spending, doctors allocate resources to patients with the highest expected returns. We assess both sources of inefficiency, exploiting variation in rates of negative imaging tests for pulmonary embolism. We document enormous across-doctor heterogeneity in testing conditional on patient population, which explains the negative relationship between physicians’ testing rates and test yields. Furthermore, doctors do not target testing to the highest risk patients, reducing test yields by one-third. Our calibration suggests misallocation is more costly than overuse. (JEL I11, I13, I18)
Long‐term growth of children with congenital heart disease: a retrospective study

This retrospective study evaluates long‐term growth of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and looks for possible relationships between postsurgical catch‐up growth and both severity of preoperative growth failure and operation age. Growth data of 123 children with isolated CHD were available. Mean z‐scores and 95% confidence intervals for weight, height and weight‐for‐height were plotted for age‐periods as well as for pre‐ and postoperative periods. Growth of children with a large VSD or a Tetralogy of Fallot was most abnormal and improved but did not normalize after operation. Catch‐up growth for length was strongly correlated with severity of the preoperative growth failure (r= 0.92, p < 0.05) but not with operation age (r= 0.20, NS). We conclude that surgical correction results in catch‐up growth for most individuals. Catchup growth is positively correlated with the severity of the initial growth disturbance and not with age at the moment of surgical correction.
Creative Destruction and Subjective Wellbeing

In this paper we analyze the relationship between turnover-driven growth and subjective wellbeing. Our model of innovation-led growth and unemployment predicts that: (i) the effect of creative destruction on expected individual welfare should be unambiguously positive if we control for unemployment, less so if we do not; (ii) job creation has a positive and job destruction has a negative impact on wellbeing; (iii) job destruction has a less negative impact in US Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) within states with more generous unemployment insurance policies; (iv) job creation has a more positive effect on individuals that are more forward-looking. The empirical analysis using cross-sectional MSA-level and individual-level data provide empirical support to these predictions.
Predictive markers for chemotherapy response in breast cancer.

3 1.0 Introduction 4 1.1 Prognosis v.s. predictive markers 4 2.0 Background on breast cancer 5 2.1 Epidemiologic features 5 2.2 Pathological features 6 2.3 Clinical presentation, diagnosis & conventional treatment 7 3.0 Chemotherapy 7 3.1 Various types of chemotherapy 8 4.0 Which approaches have been used to identify predictive markers for chemotherapy 8 4.1 Cell lines 9 4.2 Human tumor material 10 4.2.1 In situ analyses (Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridizations) 10 4.2.2 Gene expression profiling 11 4.2.3 Whole-genome sequencing 13 4.3 In vivo models 14 4.3.1 Xenotransplants of human cancer cell lines and human biopsies 14 4.3. 2 Genetically engineered mice 15 5.0 Why is it difficult to discover predictive markers for chemotherapy 17 6.0 What may improve the identification of predictive markers for chemotherapy response 18 7.0 How can we apply preclinical data to the clinic? 19 7.1 Monitor the patient during treatment 19 7.2 Combination Therapy 20 7.3 Improvement of the design of clinical trials 21
Hepatitis C: a patient’s journey from a psychiatrist’s perspective

There is an increasing prevalence of hepatitis C, particularly among intravenous drug users. Estimates of infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients with severe mental illness in the USA have ranged from 8.5% to 19.6%. Alcohol use and misuse is the single biggest contributory factor to the development of fatal liver disease in people with hepatitis C. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are present in HCV infection, independent of any treatment. Despite such alarming observations, the success rate of antiviral treatment in chronic hepatitis C has improved considerably in recent years. This article explores psychiatrists’ involvement in advocating for treatment inclusion, assessing patients’ capacity to make treatment-related decisions and supporting the medical team in managing the complex journey a patient undertakes from being at high risk to receiving treatment for neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Accuracy and clinical implications of seven 25-hydroxyvitamin D methods compared with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry as a reference

Abstract Background The most reliable assessment of vitamin D status is measurement of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration. High variability in 25(OH)D measurements due to utilized test and assay technologies and the lack of standardization against reference materials and reference method often confounds proper assessment of vitamin D status. Methods We evaluated the accuracy of six routinely available methodologies: high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the IDS-radioimmunoassay (IDS-RIA) and enzyme immunoassay (IDS-EIA), the Nichols Advantage automated protein-binding assay (Advantage), two versions of the DiaSorin automated immunoassay (Liaison 1 and Liaison 2) – and one prototype automated immunoassay (Elecsys) for assessment of the 25(OH)D3 status in a cohort of 300 randomly selected patients' samples compared with the reference method liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results Passing-Bablok regression analysis demonstrated a slope for each method compared with LC-MS/MS that varied from 0.62 (IDS-EIA) to 1.0 (HPLC). The Advantage and the Liaison 1 showed significant deviation from linearity with highly variable individual results vs. the LC-MS/MS. Difference plots revealed a considerable persistent proportional bias for the IDS-RIA and IDS-EIA. All evaluated methods except HPLC demonstrated a more or less considerable deviation of individual 25(OH)D3 values compared with LC-MS/MS defined target concentrations. Conclusions Standardization of methods for the quantification of 25(OH)D on a human-based sample panel by means of LC-MS/MS would help to reduce the inter-method variability with respect to accuracy existing in 25(OH)D measurement considerably. However, there will still remain differences in the accuracy of methods utilizing sample purification before final quantification or immunological reaction when compared with those methods without separate sample purification.