Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Planar Measurements of Supersonic Boundary Layers with Curvature Driven Pressure Gradients

,θ ) turbulent boundary layers to streamline curvature driven pressure gradient distortions. The pressure gradients included a zero, a weak favorable, a strong favorable and a strong adverse. To quantify the flow structure, the following measurements were accomplished: highly resolved planar measurements of mean and fluctuating velocity components with particle image velocimetry, surface pressure contours via pressure sensitive paint, pitot pressure profiles and schlieren photography. In addition to quantifying the mean and turbulent shear stress fields, the PIV data were also processed to provide the production of the axial, transverse and shear stresses. In the favorable pressure gradient regions of the wind tunnel models, a reduction in the turbulence levels (up to 40%) was seen. Corresponding reductions of 50% and 45% in the axial and shear stress production, respectively, were also observed. The reductions in the turbulent stresses, and the production thereof, were due to the manipulation of velocity gradients by the streamline curvature driven gradients. In the adverse pressure gradient region, the trend was reversed.
Adopting Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Pairwise T-Way Test Suite Generation Strategy

Combinatorial testing or t-way testing (t represents strength) is useful to detect faults due to interactions. Pairwise testing is one type of t-way testing. The technique is effective in reducing the number of test cases without decreasing the level of coverage. Besides, its purpose is to overcome the problem of exhaustive testing that produces a great number of test cases and is impossible to be implemented due to time and cost constraints. Pairwise T-way Test Suite Generation Strategy based on Ant Colony Optimization (pTTSGA) is introduced to generate a near-optimum test suite size. Experiments have been conducted to evaluate the ability of this strategy for pairwise testing. The results are compared to benchmark results. Overall, pTTSGA produces a comparable test suite size.
A Novel approach towards Implicit Authentication System by using Multi-share visual key Cryptography Mechanism

Currently huge amount of data used to stored, extracted and transacted via various stand alone and internet based applications. These applications are extended towards the verticals like huge databases, data warehouses, cloud computing services and various client-server applications. In all these applications important data used to float day in day out. Therefore preserving user authentication & access control is extremely important aspect of information security. Here an attempt is made to generate an implicit authentication system using multi-share visual key cryptography which will generate strong password keys by using images. Initially various images will be fused to form a resultant image than on this fused visual key cryptography will be performed which will provide multiple shares, out of these one of the share is selected to generate strong password strings/keys to accomplish the task of access control or user authentications.
Threat Assessment Model in Electrical Power Grid Environment

At the heart of every critical national infrastructure, there is a SCADA system. The wide range of supported applications has made this life-saving management system the key element of every industrial control infrastructure in various sectors. The complexity and sophistication of SCADA systems have been increased dramatically over the last few years. Various cyberattacks have targeted these systems by exploiting zero-day vulnerabilities or targeting a nearby Internet-enabled appliance or computer system. To this end, many efforts have been proposed previously to model the threats on SCADA systems to eliminate potential danger and diminish the catastrophic consequences in the physical domain. The main contribution of this work is to present a multi-facets threat assessment model to aid security teams to systematically perform various cybersecurity analysis practices such as penetration testing, vulnerability assessment and risk analysis.
Spectroscopic diagnostic and structural characterization for (Selenium, Zinc oxide and Manganese oxide) prepared by laser induce plasma

In this paper, the plasma parameters of the three materials (selenium, zinc oxide, and manganese oxide) were calculated using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, where the plasma is generated by this technique through the interaction of the laser with the solid target and the calculation of the electron temperature and electron density. Also, the structural properties of the prepared thin films were studied. It was found from the standards that the crystal size (XRD) of the three materials decreases with increasing energy, and this corresponds to measurements of (AFM) where the average diameter decreases with increasing energy
An inventory model with self-generation of priorities and retrial of customers

This paper mainly focuses on a single server retrial inventory system. The arrival of customers follows the Poisson process, and when the inventory level depletes to the reorder level s due to service, replenishment order placed according to (s, Q) policy. The lead-time governed by an exponential distribution with parameter β. A customer who finds the server busy or inventory dry moves to an orbit of infinite capacity with probability σ. Customers in orbit independently tries to access the server at a rate of θ, which depends on the number of customers in orbit. A retrial customer returns to the orbit with probability δ if the server is busy or inventory is dry. Each customer in orbit generates priority according to an exponential distribution with rate γ. If the server is free, a priority generated customer will get immediate service. Else such a customer have to wait in a space A 1 of capacity one, which is reserved only for priority generated customers. The service times follows exponential distribution with different rates for ordinary and priority generated customers. The model turned out to be a level-dependent quasi birth-death(LDQBD) process, and we use Matrix-Analytic Method as a tool for obtaining a solution.
Investigation on The Mutual Coupling Reduction in MIMO Antenna using Dual Split CSRR EBG

In many applications, it is now desirable to prevent a device from being affected by an external electromagnetic field or prevent the device’s intrusion into the electromagnetic field. The elimination or reduction of coupling between neighbouring systems is desired, and this is achieved through the use of electromagnetic shields and absorbers. This project focuses on an investigation that analysed the band-gap region for unit cell EBG simulation and unit cell array simulation. It is revealed that unit cell simulation provides an accurate result where the band-gap region is from 2 GHz to 3.5 GHz. The performance of the EBG is validated using a microstrip MIMO antenna. Using EBG, the S21 is reduced from -18.63 dB to -28.80 dB. Meanwhile, the MIMO antenna gain with the proposed EBG is 2.78 dBi, greater than MIMO antenna without EBG (2.47 dBi).
An integrated framework for knowledge based obstacle information system with image processing techniques

One of the most important reasons of car accidents are collisions with vehicles that are not visible to a driver. This is why driver warning systems are developed. The main threat for a driver on the highway comes from the surrounding vehicles especially when the driver is not aware of the close presence generally known as driver’s blind spot. An area in and around the vehicle that cannot be directly observed by the driver are known as blind spots. Image processing plays a vital role in this scenario to safe guard drivers from sudden obstacles and blind spots. The pre-processed sequences of images acquired using front and rear camera of a vehicle are considered to train the case base reasoning (CBR) model, which detects the presence of dangerous objects in the blind spot area. To distinguish near and far obstacles, the same CBR model is used with a specified threshold in the vehicle blind spot area. The proposed knowledge based obstacle information system obtains promising results with standard blind spot camera which can improve safety of the driver and has the potential to be applied in vehicular applications for the detection of obstacles and blind spot area.
A Framework For Fall Activity Detection and Classiﬁcation using Deep Learning Method

Detecting the fall of a person in indoor environment is a challenging issue especially for elderly and sick living alone. Cameras can continuously observes the scene and require little interaction with the user and therefore, are well suited for fall detection. In this paper, we propose a deep learning based framework for fall detection and classiﬁcation. Further, different machine learning methods namely, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and decision tree have also been applied, after extracting important features to detect and classify the fall of a person. We compare our deep learning based framework with SVM and decision tree as well as other state-of-the-art methods. Two different publicly available datasets have been considered for performing the experiments. The experimental evaluation of our deep learning based proposed framework gives promising results and is comparable with other state-of-the-art methods.
Panopticon: Reaping the Benefits of Partial Sdn Deployment in Enterprise Networks Panopticon: Reaping the Benefits of Partial Sdn Deployment in Enterprise Networks

The operational challenges posed in enterprise networks, present an appealing opportunity for the software-defined orchestration of the network (SDN). However, the primary challenge to realizing solutions built on SDN in the enterprise is the deployment problem. Unlike in the data-center, network upgrades in the enterprise start with the existing deployment and are budget and resource-constrained. In this work, we investigate the prospect for partial Software Defined Network (SDN) deployment. We present Pan-opticon, an architecture and methodology for planning and operating networks that combine legacy and upgraded SDN switches. Panopticon exposes an abstraction of a logical SDN in a partially upgraded legacy network, where the SDN benefits extend potentially over the entire network. We evaluate the feasibility of our approach through simulation on real enterprise campus network topologies entailing over 1500 switches and routers. Our results suggest that with only a handful of upgraded switches, it becomes possible to operate most of an enterprise network as a single SDN while meeting key resource constraints.
The Regulatory State and Differentiated European Integration

In 1994, Majone has argued that regulatory policies are at the core of the European Integration project. While policy-differentiated integration has gained renewed attention among European integration scholars, we currently lack a quantitative and empirical assessment of regulatory policies’ covariation with policies’ integration depth. In this article, we empirically assess Majone’s argument. Combining different data sources for the period 1989-2011 across the EU-15, we show that the European integration process covaries with policy characteristics: Policy areas exhibit higher integration levels i. ) when national constituencies support their integration to the European level and ii. ) when the policy domain is less regulatory. This suggests that national governments hesitate to integrate regulatory policies, as independent regulatory agencies may limit their oversight power. Our findings make an important contribution to the broader literature on regulation as they indicate that the different regulatory nature of policy domains plays a crucial role in European Integration.
Photon emission experiments with the scanning tunnelling microscope

We have detected the light emitted from an STM at both ultraviolet (9·5 eV) and optical (1–4 eV) energies. We show that this light contains spectroscopic information on the sample surface comparable to conventional inverse photoelectric spectroscopy, but with nearly atomic spatial resolution. At optical energies we found sufficiently high intensities to allow spatial imaging of the emission probability. We propose that the high quantum efficiency is due to resonance phenomena, and present fluorescence spectra of the emitted light that support this view. We believe that atomic resolution inverse photoemission microscopy and spectroscopy will provide an important new dimension to surface studies.
ON THE PRACTICAL ESTIMATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF PEAK FOOR ACCELERATION DEMANDS

The present contribution addresses the prediction of the record-to-record dispersion of peak floor acceleration (PFA) demands on elastic spatial structures. The distribution of PFA demands is approximated by an extended Complete-Quadratic-Combination (CQC) modal combination rule, based on a dispersion pseudo-acceleration response spectrum rather than the common median pseudo-acceleration response spectrum. Therefore, the selected ground motions must comply not only with target mean and but also with target dispersion spectral accelerations. Application on elastic spatial steel benchmark structures shows that the proposed methodology yields cumulative distribution functions of the PFA demand that approximate well the corresponding cumulative distributions derived in computationally expensive response history analyses.
DETECTION OF BIOFILM IN COAGULASE NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS: COMPARISION OF PHENOTYPIC METHODS

Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are a major component of the normal flora of the cutaneous ecosystem and act as commensal or saprophytic organisms. The ability to form biofilm plays an important role in contributing virulence of Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CoNS). It is considered as normal commensal and shown to cause infections in neonates and immunocompromised patients, especially with indwelling medical devices. The ability to form biofilm plays an important role in contributing virulence of CoNS. Also CoNS is found to be associated with nosocomial infections. The present study has been planned to detect biofilm production and also to evaluate three phenotypic methods. Aim: To detect biofilm production in CoNS from the clinical samples phenotypically by using: Tissue culture plate method (TCP), Tube adherence method, Congo red agar method (CRA). Materials and Methods: 100 CoNS isolates were subjected to species identification by standard biochemical tests. Biofilm detection of all isolates was done by TCP, CRA and tube method. Results: Of the total 1058 culture positives isolates 100(9.45%) were identified as CoNS. Of the total 100 isolates 54% were identified as S. epidermidis, 14 (14%) were identified as S. haemolyticus, 10 (10%) were identified as S. capitis, 8 (8%) as S. cohinii, and 14 (14%) as S. Saprophyticus. Of the total isolates biofilm production was seen in 62(62%) isolates by Tissue culture plate (TCP). By Congo red agar method biofilm production was 63 (63%). In tube method biofilm production was in 66 (66%) isolates Conclusions: Amongst phenotypic methods CRA was more sensitive and can be easily performed in the routine laboratories laboratory and can be used as a screening test for detection of biofilm.
BELUGA WHALE, Delphinapterus leucas: Cook Inlet Population - Critically Endangered

Population Identity: Based on studies of mitochondrial DNA, Cook Inlet belugas are genetically distinct from the other four beluga populations that occur in western and northern Alaska (O’Corry-Crowe et al. 1997; O’Corry-Crowe, pers. comm.). There have been only two beluga sightings recorded in the region between Cook Inlet and the nearest beluga population in Bristol Bay (Frost and Lowry 1990; Laidre et al. 2000), suggesting that the 900 km long Alaska Peninsula is an effective barrier to movement and that the Cook Inlet population is geographically and reproductively isolated from beluga populations to the west (Figure 1). A thorough review of survey effort in the Gulf of Alaska (Laidre et al. 2000) produced regular sightings of belugas in only two regions, Cook Inlet and Yakutat Bay. The beluga group in Yakutat Bay is very small, probably numbering only 10-20 individuals (Laidre et al. 2000, O'Corry-Crowe et al., 2006). The demographic and genetic relationships between belugas in Cook Inlet and Yakutat Bay are currently poorly known, but since animals are seen in both areas year round (Hubbard et al. 1999; Moore et al. 2000; Laidre et al. 2000) and there have been very few sightings in the intervening 700 km long region (Laidre et al. 2000) it is possible that the Cook inlet population is also isolated from the whales in Yakutat Bay. The occurrence of belugas in Yakutat Bay will not be considered further in this evaluation.
Aspects of Co-Articulation Phenomenon in External Sandhi in the Brazilian Portuguese: Elision, Diphthong, Contamination

This work investigates, under the viewpoint of the physical properties of sounds, which co-articulation phenomenon in the external sandhi happens in the specific segmental context of the meeting of the sounds [ka] and [u] in the word-boundaries in unstressed syllables. Actually, it’s intended to analyze if the phenomenon that happens is connected to the elision, to the diphthongal form or to the infection. It’s studied, besides the word-boundaries positions, the sounds [ku] and [kaw] placed in the interior of the word, also verifying on the effects of speech rate in these segments. This work demonstrates, with the temporal and frequency measures, the influence which these positions, as well as the speech rate, have on the investigated segments. In this sense, the results of the statistical analyze not just allow to assert that the speech rate influence the acoustic aspects of the investigated segments, as well as corroborate the hypothesis of the existence of the consonant infection in the external sandhi. The contribution of this research is connected to the comprehension of the phenomena that occur in the speech under viewpoint of the phonetic, as well it contributes to the discussion of the Portuguese from Brazil phonetic representation
Gulf of Alaska ice-marginal lake area change over the Landsat record and potential physical controls

Abstract. Lakes in contact with glacier margins can impact glacier evolution as well as the downstream biophysical systems, flood hazard, and water resources. Recent work suggests positive feedbacks between glacier wastage and ice-marginal lake evolution, although precise physical controls are not well understood. Here, we quantify ice-marginal lake area change in understudied northwestern North America from 1984–2018 and investigate climatic, topographic, and glaciological influences on lake area change. We delineate time series of sampled lake perimeters (n=107 lakes) and find that regional lake area has increased 58 % in aggregate, with individual proglacial lakes growing by 1.28 km2 (125 %) and ice-dammed lakes shrinking by 0.04 km2 (−15 %) on average. A statistical investigation of climate reanalysis data suggests that changes in summer temperature and winter precipitation exert minimal direct influence on lake area change. Utilizing existing datasets of observed and modeled glacial characteristics, we find that large, wide glaciers with thick lake-adjacent ice are associated with the fastest rate of lake area change, particularly where they have been undergoing rapid mass loss in recent times. We observe a dichotomy in which large, low-elevation coastal proglacial lakes have changed most in absolute terms, while small, interior lakes at high elevation have changed most in relative terms. Generally, the fastest-changing lakes have not experienced the most dramatic temperature or precipitation change, nor are they associated with the highest rates of glacier mass loss. Our work suggests that, while climatic and glaciological factors must play some role in determining lake area change, the influence of a lake's specific geometry and topographic setting overrides these external controls.
Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of black and green tea available in Bangladesh

People in Bangladesh are traditionally used to consume mainly black tea. However, some tea manufacturing companies are now producing green tea, though in a small scale. To create new knowledge as well as awareness about the consumption of green tea, the present study was carried out to compare the black and green tea available in Bangladesh based on their bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. A total of eight brands of black tea and two brands of green tea were bought from the supermarkets. Total phenolics, total tannin, total flavonoids, and caffeine content were measured as bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity was evaluated by using two different methods such as DPPH (1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging activity and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity of methanol extracts of black and green tea. Every bioactive compound in black and green tea was found to be significantly different (P < 0.05). The total phenolic content, on average, was measured at 242.46 mg GAE/g dry extract and 763.41 mg GAE/ g dry extract in black and green tea, respectively. Black tea contained 6.47 mg TAE/g dry extract tannin, whereas green tea had much more tannin content, 14.51 mg TAE/g dry extract, which is more than double in amount. On the other hand, the total flavonoid content was almost double in black tea (61.82 mg QE/g dry extract) compared to green tea (31.85 mg QE/g dry extract). Antioxidant activities were determined at different concentrations of tea samples. At every concentration, green tea presented higher ABTS+ and DPPH radical scavenging activity than black tea. The highest percentage of inhibition was observed at 20 ppm both in black and green tea, finding 98.50 % and 99.07 % inhibition, respectively. Overall, significantly (P < 0.05) higher amount of phenolic compounds as well as antioxidant activity were observed in green tea.