Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive soft error analysis methodology for SoCs/ASICs memory instances

Memory blocks are important features of any design, in terms of functionality, silicon area and reliability. Embedded SRAM instances are critical contributors to the overall Soft Error Rate of the system, requiring a careful consideration of the reliability aspects and adequate sizing of the error mitigation capabilities. While error detecting and correcting codes are widely available and particularly effective against most types of Single Event Effects, Multiple Bit Upsets and progressive errors accumulation may defeat the error correction capabilities of standard SECDED codes. Accordingly, the paper presents an overall approach to the structural and functional SER analysis of the memory instances in addition to error mitigation efficiency estimation. Moreover, intrinsic, nominal, SER figures are not a realistic indicator of the memory behavior for a given application. We propose instead, an opportunity window metric, associated to the notion of data lifetime in the memory, as extracted from functional simulations. Lastly, based on the opportunity window figures, targeted and efficient fault simulation campaigns can be prepared to estimate high-level functional failures induced by Single Events. The overall memory SER evaluation aims at assisting the designers to improve the performances of the design and to document the reliability figures of the system.
Holey fiber analysis through the finite-element method

A holey fiber (HF), having very complex hole geometry, is studied by means of a numerical simulator for modal analysis based on the finite-element method (FEM). Polarization and dispersion properties as well as the full vector field distribution of the fundamental mode are investigated. The obtained numerical results show a good agreement with experimental ones reported in literature.
The Response of Lipolytic Activity in Adipose Tissue to Saturated Fat

Introduction: Obesity has become a major problem in the modern world; it is affected genetically and by lifestyle and dietary habits as consuming fast food meals enriched with high saturated fat (SF). Since obesity is associated with multi co-morbidities like dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome, this work studied the effect of diet rich in saturated fat on body weight, blood pressure, lipid profile, glycemic state and lipolytic activity of adipose tissue in male rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty male rats of an average body weight 192.4 g were divided equally into two groups, control group (Cgp) fed commercial rat chow and experimental group (SFgp) fed 10% saturated fat to induce obesity. After 3 months the body weight, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin level, and lipid profile of both groups were measured and the lipolytic activity of adipose tissue was assessed. Results: Rats fed saturated fat for 3 months showed significant increase in body weight, systolic blood pressure, TG, Cholesterol, LDL, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels with a significant decline in HDL. Lipolytic activity of SC tissue in the presence of adrenaline decreased significantly while in the presence of insulin it increased significantly. It showed a significant increase in the presence of adrenaline and insulin in visceral adipose tissue. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Conclusion: Consumption of diet rich in saturated fat in male rats induced obesity that is associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. The adipose tissue of obese male rats showed a significant decrease in lipolytic activity of SC with a significant rise in the corresponding value in visceral adipose tissue.
Number Plate Detection with a Multi-Convolutional Neural Network Approach with Optical Character Recognition for Mobile Devices

In this paper, we propose a method to achieve improved number plate detection for mobile devices by applying a multiple convolutional neural network (CNN) approach. First, we processed supervised CNN-verified car detection and then we applied the detected car regions to the next supervised CNN-verifier for number plate detection. In the final step, the detected number plate regions were verified through optical character recognition by another CNN-verifier. Since mobile devices are limited in computation power, we are proposing a fast method to recognize number plates. We expect for it to be used in the field of intelligent transportation systems.
Genomic Adaptation to Acidic Environment: Evidence from Helicobacter pylori

The origin of new functions is fundamental in understanding evolution, and three processes known as adaptation, preadaptation, and exaptation have been proposed as possible evolutionary pathways leading to the origin of new functions. Here we examine the origin of an acid resistance mechanism in the mammalian gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori, with reference to these three evolutionary pathways. The mechanism involved is that H. pylori, when exposed to the acidic environment in mammalian stomach, restricts the acute proton entry across its membrane by its increased usage of positively charged amino acids in the inner and outer membrane proteins. The results of our comparative genomic analysis between H. pylori, the two closely related species Helicobacter hepaticus and Campylobacter jejuni, and other relevant proteobacterial species are incompatible with the hypotheses invoking preadaptation or exaptation. The acid resistance mechanism most likely arose by selection favoring an increased usage of positively charged lysine in membrane proteins.
The Features and Effects of Friendship in Early Adolescence

BERNDT, THOMAS J The Features and Effects of Fnendshtp tn Early Adolescence CHUB DEVELOPMENT, 1982, 53, 1447—1460 Early adolescent fnendships have often been assumed to be especiany mtense and especially significant for psychological development Recent research indicates that the mbmacy of fnencUhips mcreases dramabcally between middle childhood and early adolescence In compebbve situabons, early adolescents act more prosocially toward their fnends than do younger children because they more often by to achieve the mutually satisfying outcome of equality Dunng early adolescence, fnends are similar m their onentabon toward school and toward peer culture (rock music, fashion, and so on) Similanty is due partly to the selecbon of fnends like oneself and partly to the infiuence of fnends on each other In certain other ways, early adolescent fnendships do not differ substanbally from tbose among younger children or late adolescents Recent research suggests that the stabihty of fnendships changes httle between fourth and eleventh grade Girls often seem to have more intimate and exclusive fnendships than boys do, although the overall pattem of sex differences m fnendships IS more complex The features of early adolescent fnendships appear to be determmed parfly by the biological, social, and cogmbve changes dunng this penod of life The effects of these fnendships on social and personality development have been extensively discussed, but supporting evidence currendy is scarce
In vivo transfection of hepatitis C virus complementary DNA into rodent liver by asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated gene delivery

An in vivo model of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is needed to enable investigation of the mechanism of the liver injury that it causes. In this study, we used asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated gene delivery to obtain expression of the complementary DNA (cDNA) coding the core and part of the envelope 1 protein of HCV because selective delivery to the hepatocytes has been reported to be attained with this method. The optimum carrier‐DNA ratio was examined using in vitro transfection and found to be important for the efficiency of this method. In transfection in vivo, microautoradio‐graphical examination showed that the transfected plasmids were delivered selectively to the liver parenchymal cells. To obtain an immunohistochemically detectable level of protein expression in rodent liver, some modifications for increasing the in vivo transfection efficiency were performed; a lysosomal enzyme inhibitor, chloroquine, was used and the administration route of the carrier‐DNA complex was changed from the tail vein to the portal vein. On the bases of these results, in vivo transfection with expression vector of HCV core/E1 region was performed. In rat liver transfected by intraportal injection with chloroquine, the transcript RNA and the core protein were detected. These results indicated that the HCV core/E1 expression vector was not merely delivered but also successfully expressed in the liver using asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated gene delivery. The number of the HCV core expressing cells in the transfected liver was similar to that in patients with hepatitis C. These in vivo transfected animals should be useful for investigating the role of this region in the liver injury caused by HCV. (Hepatology 1995; 22:847–855.)
DNA aptamer-mediated cell targeting.

One important issue using cells as therapeutics is targeted delivery. Engineering cell surfaces to improve delivery efficiency is thus of great interest. Here we report a simple, efficient and effective way to modify the cell surface with target-specific ligands, i.e., DNA aptamers, while minimizing the effects on the modified cells. We demonstrated that after incubating with lipo-aptamer probes (shown in expansion), immune cells (red) recognize cancer cells (blue) in the cell mixture, and kill cancer cells.
A Computational Simulation of the Cognitive Process of Children Knowledge Acquisition and Memory Development

The cognitive mechanisms of knowledge representation, memory establishment, and learning are fundamental issues in understanding the brain. A basic approach to studying these mental processes is to observe and simulate how knowledge is memorized by little children. This paper presents a simulation tool for knowledge acquisition and memory development for young children of two to five years old. The cognitive mechanisms of memory, the mathematical model of concepts and knowledge, and the fundamental elements of internal knowledge representation are explored. The cognitive processes of children's memory and knowledge development are described based on concept algebra and the object-attribute-relation OAR model. The design of the simulation tool for children's knowledge acquisition and memory development is presented with the graphical representor of memory and the dynamic concept network of knowledge. Applications of the simulation tool are described by case studies on children's knowledge acquisition about family members, relatives, and transportation. This work is a part of the development of cognitive computers that mimic human knowledge processing and autonomous learning.
Combined Rib-Latissimus Flap; the “Picket Fence” Concept for Reconstruction of Upper Tibia Defects

Background: Upper tibia defects ,type3b Gustilo, due to huge size and volume are very difficult to reconstruct; usually several operations are needed for bone and soft tissue defects and the definite one stage reconstruction is yet to be found. Objectives: In this article we reintroduce the rib- latissimus flap as an acceptable method to reconstruct tibia defects in selected cases. Materials and Methods: The latissimus muscle with one or two ribs revascualrized by reverse flow from perforators is harvested; the ribs are bisected after harvest yielding four to six struts of vascularized bone to fill the huge upper tibia defect. Internal fixation is very important and we favor LCP plates for long bone fixation and the rib struts are fixed in place by small titanium screws to maintain the “picket fence” design. The muscle is then wrapped around the ribs and the defect is completely reconstructed. Results: During the past 9 years we have used the rib-latissimus dorsi (RLD) muscle flap, without serratus muscle, in 7 patients with combined bone and soft tissue defects of the upper tibia. All the flaps healed without any major complications and only one stress fracture was seen and treated. The ribs healed and in a median of 14 months hypertrophied to the size of the upper tibia. Nonunion was not observed and patients with lower extremity defects were able to bear full weight within an average of seven months. Conclusions: The fractures of tibia type 3a and 3b Gustilo are devastating injuries requiring several operations. Several combinations of RLD-Serratus have already been reported but a rib-LD muscle with “picket fence” design has not been reported . The RLD transfer with two ribs divided into four struts for bone coverage and muscle to cover all the upper tibia soft tissue defect can be a useful tool in the armamentarium of the surgeon treating combined defects in a single stage.
Statistical evaluation and modeling of cheap substrate-based cultivation medium of Chlorella vulgaris to enhance microalgae lipid as new potential feedstock for biolubricant

ABSTRACT Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) microalga was investigated as a new potential feedstock for the production of biodegradable lubricant. In order to enhance microalgae lipid for biolubricant production, mixotrophic growth of C. vulgaris was optimized using statistical analysis of Plackett–Burman (P-B) and response surface methodology (RSM). A cheap substrate-based medium of molasses and corn steep liquor (CSL) was used instead of expensive mineral salts to reduce the total cost of microalgae production. The effects of molasses and CSL concentration (cheap substrates) and light intensity on the growth of microalgae and their lipid content were analyzed and modeled. Designed models by RSM showed good compatibility with a 95% confidence level when compared to the cultivation system. According to the models, optimal cultivation conditions were obtained with biomass productivity of 0.123 g L−1 day−1 and lipid dry weight of 0.64 g L−1 as 35% of dry weight of C. vulgaris. The extracted microalgae lipid presented useful fatty acid for biolubricant production with viscosities of 42.00 cSt at 40°C and 8.500 cSt at 100°C, viscosity index of 185, flash point of 185°C, and pour point of −6°C. These properties showed that microalgae lipid could be used as potential feedstock for biolubricant production.
New sensitive serum melatonin radioimmunoassay employing the Kennaway G280 antibody: Syrian hamster morning adrenergic response

Abstract: A new procedure with the G280 antibody of Kennaway provides an assay for circulating melatonin (aMT) with a sample volume (200 μl), an analytic (0.33 pg/ml) and functional (0.62–0.80 pg/ml) detectability, a 50% displacement dose (6.4 pg/ml), a Kd (0.657 pM), and measured circulating daytime levels lower than reported for previous procedures, and 100% assay recovery. The normal daytime range in adult human and Syrian hamster serum was 0.4–4 pg/ml. The pattern of fall of the nocturnal surge of Syrian hamster serum aMT near the time of lights‐on was unaltered by extended darkness. Isoproterenol (ISO) injection 1 hr after lights‐on, when aMT had reached daytime levels, raised serum and pineal aMT dramatically 2 hr postinjection. The same dose of ISO injected 4 hr into light produced only a small detectable increase. Novel extension of nocturnal darkness did not affect the responses to ISO. Thus, when they are allowed to occur at the usual time on a 10‐hr dark schedule, both the fall from the nocturnal aMT surge and the subsequent loss of pineal beta‐adrenergic responsiveness in this species occur endogenously (probably entrained) rather than from gating by acute effects of morning light. Changes in daytime serum aMT consistent with concomitant changes in the pineal can be measured with a sufficiently sensitive radioimmunoassay.
Altered expression of sodium channel distribution in the dorsal root ganglion after gradual elongation of rat sciatic nerves

To elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying chronic nerve‐stretch injury, we gradually lengthened rat femurs by 15 mm at the rate of 0.5 mm/day (group L, n = 13). The control groups comprised sham‐operated (group S, n = 10) and naive (group N, n = 8) rats. Immediately after the lengthening, we performed a conduction study on their sciatic nerves and harvested samples. Electrophysiological and histological analyses showed mild conduction slowing and axonal degeneration of unmyelinated fibers in group L rats. Altered mRNA expression of the voltage‐gated sodium channels in the dorsal root ganglion was also observed. Tetrodotoxin‐resistant (TTX‐R) sodium‐channel Nav1.8 mRNA expression was significantly decreased and TTX‐R sodium‐channel Nav1.9 mRNA expression showed a tendency to decrease when compared with the mRNA expressions in the control groups. However, tetrodotoxin‐sensitive (TTX‐S) sodium‐channel Nav1.3 mRNA expression remained unaltered. The immunohistochemical alteration of Nav1.8 protein expression was parallel to the results of the mRNA expression. Previous studies involving neuropathic states have suggested that pain/paresthesia is modulated by a subset of sodium channels, including downregulation and/or upregulation of TTX‐R and TTX‐S sodium channels, respectively. Our findings indicate that Nav1.8 downregulation may be one of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in limb lengthening‐induced neuropathy. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:481–486, 2010
Evaluation of Web Retrieval Methods Using Anchor Text

In this paper, we evaluate two types of anchor texts: a page anchor and a site anchor. Since the anchor text tends to summarize information referred ahead, it can be expected that the terms appearing there have important meaning in information retrieval. We introduce a retrieval method to give high priority to the terms in the anchor text. In the experiment, we compared the proposed method with the base line which indexed only page documents. The result indicated that both methods had almost the same accuracy, and that there were many queries in which the accuracy much differed between two methods. It can be expected that the improvement on the queries in which the proposed method was inferior to base line will be achieved by deleting overlapped anchor texts toward the same page.
Differences of technology absorptive capacity: Evidence from China's automotive industry

Technology absorptive capacity (TAC) is critical for innovation and competitiveness of enterprises in latecomer countries. The current literature lacks deep study on the differences of corporate TAC. Taking automotive industry as an example, this study selected 13 self-brand passenger car manufacturers in China and researched on the existence and dimensions of differences in corporate TAC through principal component analysis, complemented with analysis of major reasons causing the differences. The results proved to be significant, with emerging enterprises' TAC generally stronger than traditional ones. Specifically, emerging enterprises have much stronger realized technology absorptive capacity (RTAC), while traditional enterprises are slightly advantageous in potential technology absorptive capacity (PTAC). The fundamental reason of traditional automobile companies' weakness in TAC, in spite of their abundant prior knowledge, is low intensity of effort and lack of input in assimilation and transformation, which is a validation of Kim's absorptive capacity model.
Theoretical Design and Analysis of EDFA Gain Control System Based on Two-Level EDFA Model

Control and management of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) is an important design problem in the evolution towards a dynamic optical network [1]. As wavelengthdivision multiplexed networks increase in complexity, there remain a number of challenges, such as dealing with disturbances related to intrinsic network characteristics. The power level of each channel in WDM networks should be unchanged when channel add/drops or active rearrangements of network occur. Keeping the signal powers to a constant value is more important when the signals are amplified through EDFAs. At the EDFA, the change of the number of signals causes the change of the amplifier gain of each signal due to the cross gain saturation effect [2, 3, 4] which results in gain-related errors at the receivers.
Seamless Handover Using FMIPv6 with Effective Tunnel Management Scheme

Fast Mobile IPv6 has been proposed to reduce latency and packet loss inherent to the handover process. However the previous research did not consider the packet loss according to the tunnel management for Fast Mobile IPv6. In the procedure of binding updates and fast binding updates, a mobile node has to establish new tunnels after receiving binding acknowledgement messages. While completing the tunnel creation and routing update, the mobile node can not handle packets incoming and outgoing through the new tunnels. This drawback causes packet loss of impeding the seamless handover. To reduce this packet loss, we have developed an effective tunnel management scheme called Dual Mode Tunneling (DMT). It employs decapsulation-only tunnels before using typical tunnels which can do an encapsulation and decapsulation. Through implementation and experimental study for vertical handover between 3G long term evolution and wireless local area network, we have evaluated the performance of the proposed scheme.
Different Sets of Genes are Activated by P53 Upon UV or Ionizing Radiation in Drosophila Melanogaster

The p53 tumour suppressor plays central role in the maintenance of genome integrity. P53 deficient fruit flies are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation (IR) and show genome instability suggesting that the Drosophila melanogaster p53 ( Dmp53 ) is necessary for the proper damage response upon IR. We found that Dmp53 null fruit flies are highly sensitive to ultraviolet radiation (UV) as well. We analyzed the expression levels of apoptotic genes in wild type and Dmp53 null mutant animals after UV or IR using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Ark (Apaf-Irelated killer) was induced in a Dmp53-dependent way upon UV treatment but not by IR, hid (head involution defective/ wrinkled) was induced upon both types of DNA damage, while reaper was induced only upon IR but not UV treatment. Using microarray analysis we identified several further genes that are activated upon UV irradiation in the presence of wild type Dmp53 only. Some but not all of these genes show Dmp53-dependent activation upon IR treatment as well. These results suggest that Dmp53 activates distinct cellular pathways through regulation of different target genes after different types of DNA damage.
Application of Compressive Sensing for Estimating Sparse Multipaths Channel of MIMO Systems

The compressive sensing (CS) theory can be applied for estimating the nonselective sparse multipath channel of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. In this paper, a progressive refinement approach is given for alleviating the high computational load from high dimensions of basis matrix. Comparing with the least square (LS) estimating method, the presented algorithm is shown to be achieving a better performance. Finally, numerical simulations verify the proposed method.