Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classroom management for optimal learning in a context of shared instructional leadership

Abstract A growing body of scholarship links classroom management to effective teaching and learning. This article looks at the ‘what’ of classroom management that contributes to optimal learning. A qualitative investigation was undertaken based on individual interviews conducted at three primary schools in Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and Northwest Province. The findings show that functional arrangements in the classroom brought about by rules of conduct democratically determined engender an environment of consideration. The development of a caring environment and the fostering of a philosophy of respect create a sense of belonging that motivates learning engagement. Teachers who strive to be subject experts and who arrange classroom space and activities in such a way to involve all pupils in active participation contribute to self-realisation. A main limitation to classroom management is the lack of providing sufficiently for the learning needs of gifted pupils. The findings contribute to the discourse on classroom management for the sake of optimal learning. Key concepts: shared instructional leadership, functional arrangements, caring environment, philosophy of respect, sense of belonging, professional conduct Opsomming ‘n Groterwordende getal kundiges koppel klaskamerbestuur aan effektiewe onderrig en leer. Hierdie artikel kyk na die ‘wat’ van klaskamerbestuur wat tot optimale leer bydra. ‘n Kwalitatiewe ondersoek gebaseer op individuele onderhoudvoering is by drie laerskole in Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal en die Noord-Wes provinsie onderneem. Die bevindings dui daarop dat funksionele reelings in die klaskamer, wat deur gedragsreels wat demokraties bepaal is teweeggebring word, ’n konsidererende omgewing tot gevolg het. Die ontwikkeling van ’n omgewing van omgee en die kweek van ’n filosofie van repek lei tot die skep van ’n gevoel van behoort wat leerbetrokkenheid aanmoedig. Onderwysers wat daarna streef om vakspesialiste te wees en wat klaskamerruimte en aktiwiteite op sodanige wyse reel dat alle leerlinge aktief betrokke is, dra tot selfverwesenliking by. ‘n Belangrike leemte met klaskamerbestuur is die in gebreke bly om genoegsaam in die leerbehoeftes van begaafde leerlinge te voorsien. Die bevindings dra by tot die diskoers oor klaskamerbestuur ter wille van optimale leer. Kernbegrippe: gedeelde onderrigleierskap, funksionele reelings, omgewing van omgee, filosofie van respek, gevoel van behoort, professionele gedrag https://doi.org/10.19108/KOERS.81. 1.2259
Standards of living and health status: the socioeconomic determinants of life expectancy gain in sub-Saharan Africa

Using a panel dataset on 45 sub-Saharan Africa countries (SSA), this study analyzes empirically the socioeconomic determinants of life expectancy gain (considered as an indicator of global health improvement at country level). In order to treat heterogeneity and endogeneity concerns, we use multiple estimation methods including pooling, fixed-effect, long difference and system GMM. Our analyses show that income is critical for health enhancement. Particularly, we find that GDP per capita is strongly and positively correlated with life expectancy gain. Furthermore, variables such as adult literacy, access to improved sanitation and safe water appear positively correlated health gain. In contrast the high incidence of extreme poverty is negatively correlated with heath gain while the impact of income inequality seems ambiguous.
Performance Analysis of General Hybrid TSR-PSR Energy Harvesting Protocol for Amplify-and-Forward Half-Duplex Relaying Networks

In this paper, we propose a hybrid protocol for energy harvesting in wireless relay networks, which combines the benefits of both time-switching relaying (TSR) and power-splitting relaying (PSR), which are two main protocols for energy harvesting. In TSR, a dedicated harvesting time in each time slot is allocated for energy harvesting, while the remaining time is used for information transmission. In PSR, a portion of received power is split for energy harvesting. TSR can simplify the hardware compared to PSR, but reduce the throughput or achievable rate of the system. Specifically, we conduct a rigorous analysis to derive the closed-form formulas for performance factors of the system. We deliver the analysis results for various transmission modes: instantaneous transmission, delay-limited transmission, and delay-tolerant transmission, which are different from each other on the availability of statistical information about the channels between source and relay nodes. The results are also confirmed by Monte Carlo simulation. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
On Estimating the Parameters of an Extended Form of Logarithmic Series Distribution

We consider an extended version of a logarithmic series distribution and discuss the estimation of its parameters by the method of moments and the method of maximum likelihood. Test procedures are suggested to test the significance of the additional parameter of this distribution and all procedures are illustrated with the help of real life data sets. In addition, a simulation study is conducted to assess the performance of the estimators.
Using PETTLEP imagery toimprove performance: Applying principles from sport psychology to music.

Imagery is commonly used by both athletes and musicians as an additional training aid to enhance performance. Although considerable research attention has been paid to this psychological intervention technique in sporting settings, studies investigating the beneficial effects of imagery on musical performance are less common. Imagery research that has been conducted in musical settings has tended to show that imagery is beneficial in improving performance, although few guidelines exist in the literature regarding how musicians could use imagery to improve their performance. In this article, we review the research which has investigated the use of imagery as a performance enhancing technique in musical settings to date. We then outline a model for designing imagery interventions (known as the PETTLEP model) which has produced beneficial performance effects when implemented in sporting settings, and discuss how it could be used by musicians to enhance performance.
A HMM Text Classification Model with Learning Capacity

Hidden Markov Model, Text classification, BioInformatics, Adaptive models In this paper a method of classifying biomedical text documents based on Hidden Markov Model is proposed and evaluated. The method is integrated into a framework named BioClass. Bioclass is composed of intelligent text classification tools and facilitates the comparison between them because it has several views of the results. The main goal is to propose a more effective based-on content classifier than current methods in this environment To test the effectiveness of the classifier presented, a set of experiments performed on the OSHUMED corpus are preseted. Our model is tested adding it learning capacity and without it, and it is compared with other classification techniques. The results suggest that the adaptive HMM model is indeed more suitable for document classification.
The long-term temporal variability and spectral colour of animal populations

We analysed the temporal variability and the spectral colour of 544 natural populations of 123 species that have been censused for more than 30 years. We compared the tendency for variability to increase with time (equivalent to spectral reddening) using three basic measures: an exponent of increasing variance, the 30 year temporal variability and the spectral exponent. For each, we considered the main ecological correlates: taxon, trophic level, latitude, and habitat type and body size. Our results confirm previous findings that population variability increases over time, and those ecological populations have reddened spectra. This effect is universally prevalent, being similar for populations of different taxa, having different body sizes, belonging to different trophic levels, living at different latitudes and exhibiting different types of population dynamics. Generally, the amount of reddening appears to be greater than that expected from environmental forcing alone. Also, there is no evidence that ecological variability tends towards a finite limit, although the increase of variability does decelerate. Our results suggest that widely used measures of population variability, such as the coefficient of variation or standard deviation of the logarithm of abundance, should be supplemented by measures of either spectral reddening or the rate of increase of the population variance.
WITHASTEROID METAL ION CONJUGATES: THEIR NATURAL OCCURRENCE IN WITHANIA SOMNIFERA AND EFFECTS ON COLD-RESTRAINT STRESS IN MICE

Summary The role of metal ions in conjugation with the withasteroids of Withania somnifera, on anti-stress activity in a cold restraint stress (CRS) model was investigated. A standardized Withania somnifera extract (WSE, 100 mg/kg, p.o. x 7 days, prior to stress, and 5 days treatment during stress), administered to Swiss albino mice, of either sex, produced significant anti-stress activity when the animals were subjected to CRS. WSE beneficently altered stress-induced changes in plasma corticosterone level in a significant way. WSE also altered the stress induced changes in the levels of blood glucose, WBC count, weight of the organs (liver and spleen), MDA levels, plasma antioxidant profile (ABTS and FRAP), and lipid profile. WSE/excluded-I, (100 mg/kg, p.o.), comprising of strongly metal ion conjugated withasteroids and oligosaccharides, exhibited trends of further improvement, compared to those of WSE in these parameters. In contrast, metal ions-depleted bioactives of WSE, viz., WSE/excluded-II, showed only marginal anti-stress and antioxidant effects. These bioactivities were more pronounced at higher dose levels (200 mg/kg, p.o.) of the two extracts, WSE and WSE/excluded-I, indicating a dose-dependant relationship. Comprehensive chromatographic, spectroscopic and chemical analyses established the nature of metal ion-conjugation of withasteroids, comprising the withanolide aglycones, withanolide-indolealkylamines, withanolide glycosides, sitoindosides, and oligosaccharides.
The Combined Effect of Tidally and Eddy-Driven Diapycnal Mixing on the Large-Scale Ocean Circulation

Several recent studies have shown that ocean western boundaries are the primary regions of eddy energy dissipation.Globally,theeddyenergysinkshavebeenestimatedtointegratetoabout0.2TW. Thisisasizable fraction of the tidal energy dissipation in the deep oceanic interior, estimated at about 1.0 TW and contributing to diapycnal mixing. The authors conduct sensitivity experiments with an ocean general circulation model assuming that the eddy energy is scattered into high-wavenumber vertical modes, resulting in energy dissipation and locally enhanced diapycnal mixing. When only the tidal energy dissipation maintains diapycnal mixing, the overturning circulation, and stratification in the deep ocean are too weak. With the addition of the eddy dissipation, the deep-ocean thermal structure becomes closer to that observed and the overturning circulation and stratification in the abyss become stronger. Furthermore, the mixing associated with the eddy dissipation can, on its own, drive a relatively strong overturning. The stratification and overturning in the deep ocean are sensitive to the vertical structure of diapycnal mixing. When most of this energy dissipates within 300 m above the bottom, the abyssal overturning and stratification are too weak. Allowing forthedissipationtopenetratehigherinthewatercolumn,suchassuggestedbyrecentobservations,resultsin stronger stratification and meridional circulation. Zonal circulation is also affected. In particular, the Drake Passage transport becomes closer to its observational estimates with the increase in the vertical scale for turbulence above topography. Consistent with some theoretical models, the Drake Passage transport increases with the increase in the mean upper-ocean diffusivity.
Correlation Effects in Strain-Induced Quantum Dots

We report on Coulomb correlation effects in the luminescence of strain-induced quantum dots. In single dots, under low power excitation, we observe the rising of sharp lines associated to the formation of excitonic molecules. In the grand-ensemble, in magnetic fields up to 45 T, we observe Darwin-Fock states of the dots to merge into a unique Landau level, with a considerable reduction in the total diamagnetic shift due to the enhanced electron-hole correlation caused by the increased degeneracy of the state.
Waste Pickers and Urban Solid Waste Management System in Nigerian cities: Between Sustainable Policy gap and Survivalist Strategy

The activities of waste pickers in Nigeria are beclouded with misconception and disregard. Though perceived as a survivalist strategy form of trade, the apparent contribution of these operators towards solid waste management cannot be overemphasized. Yet, the official denial of this reality and inaction towards feed backs from cities has resulted in their non inclusion in policies and in the organizational structure of waste management agencies in the country. This paper sought to looks at government response towards the increasing operations of the informal sector in the light of sustainable solid waste management techniques so as to determine ways of incorporating them into the urban solid waste management process. The survey revealed that the informal sector (waste pickers or scavengers) and their role in ensuring sustainable refuse management is worthy of commendation rather than condemnation thereby contradicting the general unsavory impression about their activities. In view of the above, it is therefore recommended that existing environmental management laws in the country be reviewed so as to evolve a public sector reform that would foster an effective integration and partnership with the informal sector as well as adopting proactive measures in order to develop a sustainable environmental management mechanism in urban solid waste management system in Nigerian cities. Key words: Informal Sector; Organizational Structure; Solid Waste Management
The resonant response of the ionosphere imaged after the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake

We provide here a preliminary analysis of the ionospheric perturbations observed after the 11 March 2011 Tohoku Earthquake using a GPS-derived Total Electron Content (TEC) technique. Such anomalies are routinely observed after seismic events of magnitude Mw = 6 and more. Here, we use the high density and the wide coverage of the Japanese Global Positioning System (GPS) network GEONET to image the ionosphere just after the main shock. We describe ionospheric perturbations with exceptional extension in amplitude and duration. As already seen in earlier events, a first intense signal is observed about 10 minutes after the seismic rupture; the first response consists in two modes: one propagating beyond 3 km/s and the other at nearly 1 km/s. A further analysis of TEC time series of the latter mode near the source shows the typical frequencies of acoustic resonance. Beyond 400 km from the source, both the tsunami induced gravity wave and a third mode are imaged, the latter for the first time. We show that the pattern of this slow (225 m/s ± 10 m/s) and long period gravity wave (1.8 ± 0.2 mHz) is most visible in the North-West of the epicentral area. This description is corroborated by a computation of the normal modes of the solid Earth-atmosphere system.
THE PLAY OF THE CHILD WITH ADHD 1

The goal of this descriptive qualitative study was to understand the experience of children with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder exhibited in the Dramatic Therapeutic Play session, a tool used by nurses to facilitate communication with children allowing the expression of their feelings. Two Dramatic Therapeutic Play sessions conducted with each of the six participating students and subsequent qualitative analysis of data content revealed how difficult it is for these children to experience this disorder. This experience was exhibited in the following thematic categories: having difficulty in maintaining attention; perceiving themselves as different and incapable; experiencing conflicts; and struggling to overcome adversities. This experience proved to be fraught with obstacles, family and school conflicts, feelings of inferiority, and attempts to overcome difficulties. The study also favored catharsis and the possibility of knowing that experience from the point of view of those experiencing it. However, there is a need of further studies on the effect of this intervention on healthcare provided to children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other relevant contexts of their lives.
Unfurling western notions of nature and Amerindian alternatives

This essay presents an overview of the concept of 'nature'. It provides some reflec- tions on the heterogeneity of notions and values subsumed in the term nature in a portion of the Western tradition (from Ancient Greece-Rome through the Middle Ages and the Enlightenment to the present day). The paper explores, in a diachronic, non-comprehensive fashion, the various connotations and conceptions given to the term nature, highlighting the socio-ecological risks that occur when ecological notions are extrapolated worldwide as if they were standard ones. It also reveals that such philosophical plurality is a historical as well as a contemporary phenomenon. The heterogeneity of notions in Western and Amerindian traditions should, ideally, be linked to pragmatic strategies geared toward the construction of improved contemporary environmental ethics.
In Vitro Bioactivity of Binary Nepheline-Fluorapatite Glass/Polymethyl-Methacrylate Composite

In vitro bioactivity of stoichiometric nepheline-fluorapatite glass/polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA (C5O2H8)n) composite was evaluated. Four glasses of nepheline/fluorapatite with different ratios (75/25, 80/20, 85/15, and 90/10 mole%) were added in 20 and 40 wt. % to PMMA. The composite samples were soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 25 days. A scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM/EDX) and thin film X-ray diffraction analysis was used to evaluate the composite materials after immersion in SBF. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and pH changes were used in the determination of the ions released and the alkalinity, respectively, after the immersion in Tris-buffered solution. Effect of glass filler loading on compressive strength of the cements was also evaluated. The four binary nepheline-fluorapatite glasses/PMMA cements composites are good potential bioactive materials. The compressive strength was between 70.36 ± 6.47 and 97.30 ± 3.90 MPa. In general, decreases of the compressive strength follow the increase of the glass ratio (i.e., 40 wt.%), but all meet that specified by the ASTM F-451.
Management of Innovation Process in Services: Micro and Small Enterprises of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas

This study aimed to explore how processes of innovation are perceived and managed in micro and small service-oriented companies in Campinas, i.e., verifying how people in these companies understand, identify, and manage innovation (what tools or methodologies). Innovation is not a new concept, but its perception as a process, detached from randomness, is. This understanding is what allows its management as a tool to improve results and competitiveness, and to the perpetuation of the company. The research had a qualitative approach that consisted in the content analysis of structured interviews held with 10 respondents of five different companies, using eight innovation-focused questions, adapted from the Brazilian National Quality Foundation (FNQ). After interviews, four categories were identified: innovation understanding, innovative ambience, innovation process management, and learning during the process—the first two regarding the subjective features of innovation and the latter two the objective features. Analysis outcome has shown that companies understand the concept and importance of innovation, but still do not see it as a process, which leads them to try isolated initiatives, usually executed by instinct only. Due to the fact that innovation is not considered as a process, most practices encourage generation of ideas, instead of goals, key performance indicators (KPIs), and learning—this latter one, only occurs informally and over time.
The Cyclicality of Enrollment in Tertiary Education International Evidence from a Country-Pair Panel

This paper aims at analyzing the cyclicality of enrollment in tertiary education by exploiting variation in student flows across countries. For this purpose, we investigate the relationship between the enrollment of foreign students and the business cycle in their country of origin in a country-pair panel dataset, spanning the years from 1999 to 2012. While we do not find a clear pattern of cyclicality for the sample as a whole, we argue that this is due to heterogeneity across countries and examine this possibility by allowing for different degrees of cyclicality in certain sub-samples. In line with previous results in the literature, we find that there is a significant difference in the cyclicality of tertiary enrollment between OECD and non-OECD countries. By splitting the sample with respect to the initial values of GDP per capita, years of schooling, and the index of institutionalized democracy, we are able to confirm the notion that more developed countries tend to have more countercyclical enrollment, even though our analysis is not suited to explain which specific factors are driving these differences. Moreover, we find that countries with a higher level of inequality tend to exhibit more procyclical enrollment, an insight that is in line with theoretical models of human capital accumulation based on credit constraints. Finally, we test for the importance of credit constraints by exploiting variation in both the real effective exchange rate and the ratio of domestic credit to the private sector over GDP. Our results confirm the relevance of credit constraints in shaping the pattern of cyclicality and are shown to be robust to the use of different data sources.
Research on Speed Optimization Strategy of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Queue Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

Traffic lights intersections are common in cities and have an impact on the energy consumption of vehicles, so it is significant to optimize the velocities of vehicles in urban road conditions. The novel speed optimization strategy for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) queue that helps reduce fuel consumption and improve traffic efficiency is presented in this paper, where real-world traffic signal information is used to construct the research scenario. The initial values of the target velocities are obtained based on the signal phase and timing (SPAT). Then the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to solve the nonlinear constrained problem and obtain the optimal target velocities based on vehicle to vehicle communication (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure communication (V2I). The lower controller, which applies rule based control strategy, is designed to split the power of the engine and two electric motors in a power split HEV, which is quite promising because of its advantages in fuel economy. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed strategy in reducing fuel consumption of the HEV queue and improving traffic smoothness.