Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of Microcalcifications Using Pixcals Refined Bandwidth Algorithm in Digitized Mammograms

Clustered microcalcifications are one of the earliest indicators of breast cancer and can be detected only by mammography. Microcalcifications appear in a mammogram as fine, granular clusters, which are often difficult to identify in a raw mammogram. For early breast cancers, screening studies suggest that 70 to 90 percent were detected based on microcalcifications alone. The clinical procedure is difficult, time consuming and demands great concentration during screening. Hence an attempt has been made to identify the suspicious region by a Computer Aided System. A Pixcals Refined Bandwidth algorithm is being developed which moves over pixels in order to extract microcalcification region. The new algorithm is embedded in a system which will enable to classify an image as normal or abnormal. Also for an abnormal image it indicates and earmarks the suspected area which contains microcalcifications. Different kinds of images have been considered and tested using the proposed algorithm and results are given in tables. The efficiency is higher which is measured through Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve.
The choice calculus : a formal language of variation

approved: Martin Erwig In this thesis I present the choice calculus, a formal language for representing variation in software and other structured artifacts. The choice calculus is intended to support variation research in a way similar to the lambda calculus in programming language research. Specifically, it provides a simple formal basis for presenting, proving, and communicating theoretical results. It can serve as a common language of discourse for researchers working on different views of similar problems and provide a shared back end in tools. This thesis collects a large amount of work on the choice calculus. It defines the syntax and denotational semantics of the language along with modular language extensions that add features important to variation research. It presents several theoretical results related to the choice calculus, such as an equivalence relation that supports semantics-preserving transformations of choice calculus expressions, and a type system for ensuring that an expression is well formed. It also presents a Haskell DSEL based on the choice calculus for exploring the concept of variational programming. c © Copyright by Eric Walkingshaw June 13, 2013 All Rights Reserved The Choice Calculus: A Formal Language of Variation
Doppler Radar Observation of the Structure and Characteristics of Tropical Clouds during the TOGA-CO

During the TOGA-COARE intensive observation period (IOP), many types of clouds were observed around Manus Island, Papua New Guinea, by X-band Doppler radars. This paper analyzes several characteristics of three types of tropical convective clouds, an isolated echo cell and two types of rainbands. The common characteristics, from the viewpoint of echo area, echo-top height and maximum reflectivity, in association with the development process are that 1) the peak of maximum reflectivity appeared in the early stage in the lower-level circulation, 2) the peak of the maximum echo top height appeared shortly after the maximum reflectivity caused by a development of upper-level circulation, and 3) the maximum echo area appeared at a later stage because of the appearance of anvil clouds. In the case of the isolated echo, the above-mentioned characteristics were examined with kinematics in detail. The development of low-level circulation into upper-level circulation appeared successively and coexisted in the case of an isolated echo. In all cases, a strong reflectivity core appeared at the lower altitude, indicating the effectiveness of the warm-rain process. The echo-top height did not increase continuously to the maximum height; stable echo-top heights appeared during the echo development. This tendency was common to all cases of rainband. Anvil clouds contributed to the extension of the upper tropospheric cloud area in the later stage of its life cycle and formed a stratiform echo. Rainbands are categorized as non-squall type from the GATE criteria (Barnes and Sieckman, 1984; Houze, 1977). Both rainbands developed parallel to the low-level shear vector. The first case was slow-moving: the rainband had a clear leading edge and continuous rear-to-front flow to maintain the circulation during the mature stage. The second case was relatively fast-moving: it had intermittent rear-to-front flow. These are somewhat different characteristics from rainbands during GATE. Convective outflows were also observed in all cases. In particular, gust fronts were observed in the rainband cases. The gust front in the second rainband had a thickness of 0.5 to 1.0 km, and a propagation speed of 8 to 10 m/s, which was slightly faster than the rainband's propagation speed.
Novel c F -dependent genes of Escherichia coli found using a speci¢ed promoter consensus

Availability of whole genome information opens new bioinformatics approaches to study global regulation. We developed a program, named ScanProm, that allows to search a genome database for promoter consensus elements. The program uses a multiple alignment of previously identified components of a regulon as an input and generates a consensus profile. The profile is then optimized by adjusting the cutoff value for position-specific similarity assessment and used for a genome scan to search for unknown members of the regulon. The candidates obtained are scored by their similarity to the consensus profile. The ScanProm program was applied to search for novel members of the class III flagellar regulon of Escherichia coli . The search template included the previously defined 4 bp ( 3 35) and 8 bp ( 3 10) promoter elements, presumably recognized by the flagellar-specific c F , with additional 4 bp at the 3 P of the 3 35 consensus. The majority of highly scoring candidates obtained from the whole genome sequence scan were known class III genes, although several new genes were also identified. We tested 10 novel highly scoring candidate class III genes by cloning their promoter fragments into a fusion vector designed to monitor the transcriptional activity with lacZ . Two of these genes, b2737 ( ygbK ) and ppdAB , were found to be dependent on FlhDC, the master regulator of the flagellar genes. The regulation of these genes by c F was further confirmed by comparing their expression in the wild-type and fliA backgrounds. An overproduction or inactivation of these genes did not exhibit any notable phenotypes in motility or chemotaxis. (cid:223) 2001 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Slow dynamics of photospheric regions of the open magnetic field of the Sun, solar activity phenomena, substructure of the interplanetary medium and near-Earth disturbances of the early 23rd cycle: March-June 1997 events

Slow (from one rotation to another) dynamics of the photospheric regions of the open magnetic field of the Sun (ORs), solar activity phenomena (coronal holes, active filaments, flares), subsector structure of the coronal field on the source surface, and near-Earth interplanetary medium are considered at the piece of the solar surface 120 wide centered at the CL 150 Carrington latitude in the sequence of the CR 1920-CR 1923 Carrington rotations (March-June 1997). A special attention is paid to a prominent event of this period on 12-18 May 1997. It is demonstrated that in the coarse of the slow dynamics of ORs on the part of the Sun chosen, there was formed in the CR 1922 a specific configuration of ORs on the photosphere which generated a complicated structure of the magnetic field at the source surface and in the interplanetary field with a strong bow of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) and a "joint" between HCS and the intersector boundary. A complicated solar activity complex was formed near this "joint", the complex consisting of a flare active region (AR), low-latitude coronal hole (CH), and active filament (ADF). During CR 1920-CR 1922, there was observed a dynamical high-velocity flow which generated in CR 1921-CR 1922 a near-Earth MHD disturbance with three-phase temporal dynamics typical for the disturbances near HCS. The destabilization of the AR- CH-ADF-HCS complex in CR 1922, occurrence of a coronal mass ejection (CME) in AR, and the interaction between CME, HCS, ADF, and CH led to a significant modification of the recurrent high-velocity flow (appearance of the main shock wave and magnetic cloud, multiple crossings of HCS, velocity increase, and a "loading" of the flow by the active filament substance) and to a sharp increase of its geoeciency. Possible scenarios of the
Radial artery harvest technique, use and functional outcome 1

Objective : To develop a simple harvest technique for radial artery (RA). To investigate the morbidity and functional outcome of RA harvest. Methods : The neurovascular fascia surrounding the RA is divided. Only loose areolar tissue surrounds this artery making harvest of RA simple and allowing minimal trauma to the RA and surrounding muscles. Topical and intraluminal vasodilators but no systemic vasodilators are used. Results : RA harvest commenced in December 1994. Between 1996 and 30 June 1998, 2167 RA were harvested and used to construct 3105 coronary anastomoses. A dramatic rise in RA use occurred during 1996. More than 80% of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) have RA harvested since this time. Total arterial revascularization rate also rose dramatically and is currently 80% of all CABG. This rate has been assisted by a rapid rise in the use of composite arterial grafting where aortic anastomoses can be avoided and currently represents 40% of all CABG. Hand strength was tested in 328 non-selected patients and was not reduced by RA harvest when hand dominance was taken into account. Objective sensation loss was present in 0.3% for the superﬁcial radial nerve and 2.1% for the lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm. Pulse oximetry observations detected statistically signiﬁcant but clinically irrelevant differences. Scar hypersensitivity occurred in 20%. Only two patients of all patients undergoing RA harvest reported late hand ischaemia. Conclusions : Harvest of the RA within the neurovascular plane is simple and associated with low morbidity. (cid:211) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. Pedicled arterial revascularization
Hybrid Orbital and Numerical Grid Representation for Electronic Continuum Processes: Double Photoionization of Atomic Beryllium

A general approach for ab initio calculations of electronic continuum processes is described in which the many-electron wave function is expanded using a combination of orbitals at short range and the ﬁnite-element discrete variable representation(FEM-DVR) at larger distances. The orbital portion of the basis allows the eﬃcient construction of many-electron conﬁgurations in which some of the electrons are bound, but because the orbitals are constructed from an underlying FEM-DVR grid, the calculation of two-electron integrals retains the eﬃciency of the primitive FEM-DVR approach. As an example, double photoionization of beryllium is treated in a calculation in which the 1 s 2 core is frozen. This approach extends the use of exterior complex scaling (ECS) successfully applied to helium and H 2 to calculations with two active electrons on more complicated targets. Integrated, energy-diﬀerential and triply-diﬀerential cross sections are exhibited, and the results agree well with other theoretical investigations.
MRI IN THE EVALUATION OF PERIANAL FISTULAS

: Perianal fistulae though uncommon, can be quite distressing to the patient. Correct surgical management requires accurate pre-operative assessment and grading of this condition. MRI is now considered the modality of choice in the pre-operative assessment of perianal fistulae. We did a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent MR imaging for perianal fistulae in our institution, and compared it with the surgical findings. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of MRI in the pre-operative grading of perianal fistulae. A total of 32 patients were included in this study. Of these, 12(37%) had type 1 intersphincteric, 8(25%) had type 2 intersphincteric, 6(18%) had type 3 transsphincteric, 4(12%) had type 4 transphincteric, and 2(6%) showed supra-levator extension. MRI was able to correctly grade the fistulous tract in 30 of these 32 patients, giving an accuracy of 94%. MRI was found to be extremely useful in the pre-operative assessment of perianal fistulae. It helps in correctly classifying the fistulae and to detect hidden or deep seated tracts or abscesses which would have been otherwise missed. Thus, it is useful in selecting the most appropriate surgical procedure, thereby reducing the chances of recurrence and to avoid complications such as fecal incontinence from occurring. T1 exact location of the primary tract (ischioanal or intersphincteric) is most visualized on axial images; the presence of disruption of the external anal sphincter differentiates a transsphincteric fistula from an intersphincteric one. The internal opening of the fistula is also best seen in this plane. Coronal images depict the levator plane, thereby allowing differentiation of supralevator from infralevator infection.
Finite element analysis of U-frame of robotic gait trainer for rehabilitation

The use of robotic trainers in the medical field for rehabilitation has increased in recent years due to the results they can achieve compared to conventional therapy methods. This study proposes the design of a U-frame and handrail assembly in a dynamic bodyweight support system of a robotic trainer and provides the static structural analysis of the model. Von Mises stress distribution and fatigue life of the components have been provided to ensure the safety of the model during the rehabilitation process. The material considered for the simulation on the Ansys workbench is mild steel. The peak stress value observed is 96.64 MPa. In case of fatigue failure, the model provided is safe for the infinite cycle with a safety factor of 2.5.
FEA of friction stir welding of AA1100 and parametric optimization using genetic algorithm

3D uncoupled thermo-mechanical analysis of friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloy AA1100 was carried out using FEM. The heat generated in the FSW process is applied via DFLUX subroutine of ABAQUS. Simulations with different process parameters such as welding speed and rotational speed were performed for the estimation of temperature generated during the FSW process. Thermal analysis’s output is applied as thermal loads during mechanical analysis. Subsequently, residual stress developed during the FSW process was found out. Residual stresses were measured along the selected path, which included node to node stress variations in longitudinal directions. Maximum temperature appears to occur at the center of the weld pool and decreases away from the weld line towards the base metal. The numerical and experimental results were successfully validated with error in the range of 0.5 - 6%. Then, a semi-analytical equation for temperature distribution considering moving point heat source is proposed to carry out single objective unconstrained optimization of process parameters (welding speed and rotational speed). Finally, optimization was carried out to estimate the maximum temperature generated during the FSW process using a genetic algorithm in MATLAB.
Finite Element based Numerical Modelling of Near-Dry EDM with Glycerin-Air Dielectric Mixture

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is an advanced, non-traditional machining process that is widely employed in sectors such as manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, and medicine. Near-dry EDM is a prospective technology that offers advantages over dry and wet EDM in terms of material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), and surface integrity. A 2D model of the axi-symmetric workpiece based on the Gaussian distribution of the heat flux is used to simulate the single spark in near-dry EDM. The MRR of near-dry EDM is determined at various glycerin flow rates in the glycerin-air combination. The simulation is then performed on the SS304 workpiece with different glycerin flow rates. The results are compared to EDM simulations using N2 and O2 as the dielectric medium. The average MRR of near-dry EDM with an 8 ml/min glycerin flow rate is determined to be 204% higher than that of N2 and 117% higher than that of O2 gas dielectric. When the volumetric ratio of glycerin in the glycerin-air combination increases, the MRR was also found to be increasing. The maximal MRR of near-dry EDM was found to be 129.30703 mm3/min with an 8 ml/min glycerin flow rate and a 0.18 volumetric ratio and a maximal MRR of 144.3407 mm3/min was found with a 15 ml/min glycerin flow rate and a 0.35 volumetric ratio.
Dielectric properties and ac conductivity of CuO and Fe2O3 doped polycarbazole nanocomposites

This paper presents results and discussion on dielectric and ac conductivity of Polycarbazole (PCz) and its PCz/CuO and PCz/Fe2O3 nanocomposites. Samples were prepared by oxidation method using ammonium persulfate as oxidizing agent. Samples were confirmed to be crystalline. Dielectric parameters are observed to be decreased with increase of frequency and temperature. Ac electrical conductivity of pure polycarbozole was found to be more than the composites. Further, conductivity increased with loading of metal oxide nanoparticles. The conductivity of all the samples is found to vary from 10-6 (Ωm)-1 to 10-4 (Ωm)-1 with the temperature (303K- 423K) and exhibited semiconducting nature. This has been ascribed to rise in the number of charge clusters inside polymer matrix with increase of metal oxide content and which in turn adds more polarons to the conduction band and, that increase conductivity. Activation energy for conduction is determined to vary from 1.07 meV to 6.17 meV for PCz/CuO systems and 0.82 meV to 4.06 meV for PCz/Fe2O3 composites. It is for the first time that Polycarbazole and Polycarbazole metal oxide doped nanocomposites have been studied for dielectric properties and ac conductivity over wide a range of frequency and temperature and analyzed data with respect to frequency, temperature and metal oxide content.
Validation in Arthritis Ribozymes as Tools for Therapeutic Target

In this paper we describe a method for validating therapeutic gene targets in arthritic disease. Ribozymes are catalytic oligonucleotides capable of highly sequence-speciﬁc cleavage of RNA. We designed ribozymes that cleave the mRNA encoding stromelysin, a matrix metalloproteinase implicated in cartilage catabolism. Ribozymes were initially screened in cultured ﬁbroblasts to identify sites in the mRNA that were accessible for binding and cleavage. Accessible sites for ribozyme binding were found in various regions of the mRNA, including the 5 * untranslated region, the coding region, and the 3 * untranslated region. Several ribozymes that mediated sequence-speciﬁc and dose-dependent inhibition of stromelysin expression were characterized. Site selection in cell culture was predictive of in vivo bioactivity. An assay for measuring cartilage catabolism in rabbit articular cartilage explants was developed. Ribozymes inhibited IL-1-stimulated stromelysin mRNA expression in articular cartilage explants, yet failed to inhibit proteoglycan degradation. This indicated that up-regulation of stromelysin was not essential for IL-1-induced cartilage catabolism. Broad applications of this approach in therapeutic target validation are discussed. The Journal of Immunology, 2000, 165: 493–498.
NExt ApplicationS of Quantum Computing D5.1: Review of state-of-the-art for Pricing and Computation of VaR

Contract Number 951821 Contractual Deadline M9 (31/05/2021) Dissemination Level Public Nature Report Editors Marı́a Nogueiras, HSBC Authors Marı́a Nogueiras, HSBC Gustavo Ordóñez Sanz, HSBC Carlos Vázquez Cendón, UDC Álvaro Leitao Rodrı́guez, UDC Alberto Manzano Herrero, UDC Daniele Musso, CESGA Andrés Gómez, CESGA Reviewers Vedran Dunjko, Leiden University (ULEI) Antonio Villalpando, Irish Center for Hi-End Computing (ICHEC) Date 24/05/2021
Techniques for Enhancing the Rebalancing Algorithm for Folded Clos Networks

—Folded Clos Networks (FCNs) are switching networks constructed by connecting small switches aligned to (2 p + 1)-stages ( p = 1, 2, 3, …). FCNs have often been examined in previous studies on data center networks. To take advantage of the high bandwidth provided by an FCN, it is necessary to establish an adequate routing method that uniformly diffuses flows. A previous study proposed the rebalancing algorithm as such a method, which is executable with locally obtainable information at each switch. By applying the rebalancing algorithm to an FCN, it becomes possible to impose an upper bound on the number of flows passing through a link. This means that the rebalancing algorithm prevents the link load from becoming excessively high. This paper reviews theoretical aspects of the algorithm applied to three-and five-stage FCNs. Then, two techniques are proposed for improving the rebalancing algorithm in terms of the load equality between links. The techniques distribute traffic more uniformly and do not affect the upper bound on the number of flows on a link. The effectiveness of the two techniques is assessed via computer simulation for different traffic and network models. The network models include a three-stage FCN and a five-stage FCN. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the two proposed techniques.
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To minimize distress associated with choices with uncertain consequences, individuals with high levels of anxiety may continue with familiar choices rather than seek out novel choices. As a result, they might be more vulnerable to sunk cost fallacy, the inability to ignore unrecoverable prior investments when making decisions about the future. Considering that cognitive reappraisal may mitigate the association between anxiety and poor decision making, the present study examined the relations between cognitive reappraisal, anxiety, and resistance to sunk cost. To this end, 108 undergraduates completed questionnaires assessing their tendency to engage in cognitive reappraisal, severity of anxiety, and resistance to sunk cost. Participants’ tendency to engage in cognitive reappraisal moderated the relation between the severity of anxiety and resistance to sunk cost. However, in individuals who typically engaged in cognitive reappraisal, only lower levels of anxiety were associated with higher resistance to sunk cost. Individuals with high vs. low levels of anxiety might differ in how they reappraise negative situations, which can consequently affect resistance to sunk cost.
Relativistic electron scattering by magnetosonic waves: Effects of discrete wave emission and high wave amplitudes

In this paper, we study relativistic electron scattering by fast magnetosonic waves. We compare results of test particle simulations and the quasi-linear theory for different spectra of waves to investigate how a fine structure of the wave emission can influence electron resonant scattering. We show that for a realistically wide distribution of wave normal angles θ (i.e., when the dispersion δθ≥0.5°), relativistic electron scattering is similar for a wide wave spectrum and for a spectrum consisting in well-separated ion cyclotron harmonics. Comparisons of test particle simulations with quasi-linear theory show that for δθ>0.5°, the quasi-linear approximation describes resonant scattering correctly for a large enough plasma frequency. For a very narrow θ distribution (when δθ∼0.05°), however, the effect of a fine structure in the wave spectrum becomes important. In this case, quasi-linear theory clearly fails in describing accurately electron scattering by fast magnetosonic waves. We also study the effect .