Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MDMA Increases Cooperation and Recruitment of Social Brain Areas When Playing Trustworthy Players in an Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma

Social decision-making is fundamental for successful functioning and can be affected in psychiatric illness and by serotoninergic modulation. The Prisoner's Dilemma is the archetypal paradigm to model cooperation and trust. However, the effect of serotonergic enhancement is poorly characterized, and its influence on the effect of variations in opponent behavior unknown. To address this, we conducted a study investigating how the serotonergic enhancer 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) modulates behavior and its neural correlates during an iterated Prisoner's Dilemma with both trustworthy and untrustworthy opponents. We administered 100 mg MDMA or placebo to 20 male participants in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. While being scanned, participants played repeated rounds with opponents who differed in levels of cooperation. On each round, participants chose to compete or cooperate and were asked to rate their trust in the other player. Cooperation with trustworthy, but not untrustworthy, opponents was enhanced following MDMA but not placebo (respectively: odds ratio = 2.01; 95% CI, 1.42–2.84, p < 0.001; odds ratio = 1.37; 95% CI, 0.78–2.30, not significant). Specifically, MDMA enhanced recovery from, but not the impact of, breaches in cooperation. During trial outcome, MDMA increased activation of four clusters incorporating precentral and supramarginal gyri, superior temporal cortex, central operculum/posterior insula, and supplementary motor area. There was a treatment × opponent interaction in right anterior insula and dorsal caudate. Trust ratings did not change across treatment sessions. MDMA increased cooperative behavior when playing trustworthy opponents. Underlying this was a change in brain activity of regions linked to social cognition. Our findings highlight the context-specific nature of MDMA's effect on social decision-making. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We provide a detailed analysis of the effect of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) on cooperative behavior during interpersonal interactions, as well as the neural correlates underlying these effects. We find that, following administration of MDMA, participants behave more cooperatively, but only when interacting with trustworthy partners. While breaches of trustworthy behavior have a similar impact following administration of MDMA compared with placebo, MDMA facilitates a greater recovery from these breaches of trust. Underlying this altered behavior are changes in brain activity during the viewing of opponents' behavior in regions whose involvement in social processing is well established. This work provides new insights into the impact of MDMA on social interactions, emphasizing the important role of the behavior of others toward us.
Electronic health record system in the public health care sector of South Africa: A systematic literature review

Background South Africa is planning to implement the National Health Insurance (NHI) scheme in the near future. The NHI is intended to improve the accessibility of quality health care services for all South African citizens. For the NHI to achieve this objective, an electronic health record (EHR) system to register and track patients who visit different health care providers will have to be developed. Aim To identify critical success factors for the implementation of EHRs in South Africa’s public health care sector. Setting This study reviewed studies on EHR implementation in African countries published between 2006 and 2017. Methods The study made use of a systematic literature review to identify barriers to the implementation of EHRs in the public health care sector. Results Fifteen articles were included in the study. The study identified technical, social and environmental barriers to the implementation of EHRs. The barriers could further be broken down into lack of supporting infrastructure; user training and commitment; political influence or strategy; legislation and regulations; and the lack of a framework for implementation and management of EHRs. The study suggests six main recommendations for the successful implementation of EHRs in South Africa’s public health care sector. Conclusion The study recommended investing in alternative infrastructure facilities, incentivising the health informatics field to attract and retain information and communication technology professionals and to encourage the participation of all stakeholders in the development process to develop context-relevant e-health implementation strategies, legislation and frameworks. Government should also allocate separate budgets for e-health projects.
Timbre Discrimination for Brief Instrument Sounds

Timbre discrimination, even for very brief sounds, allows identification and separation of different sound sources. The existing literature on the effect of duration on timbre recognition shows high performance for remarkably short time window lengths, but does not address the possible effect of musical training. In this study, we applied an adaptive procedure to investigate the effect of musical training on individual thresholds for instrument identification. A timbre discrimination task consisting of a 4-alternative forced choice (4AFC) of brief instrument sounds with varying duration was assigned to 16 test subjects using an adaptive staircase method. The effect of musical training has been investigated by dividing the participants into two groups: musicians and non-musicians. The experiment showed lowest thresholds for the guitar sound and highest for the violin sound, with a high overall performance level, but no significant difference between the two groups. It is suggested that the test subjects adjust the weightings of the perceptual dimensions of timbre according to different degrees of acoustic degradation of the stimuli, which are evaluated both by plotting extracted audio features in a feature space and by considering the timbral specificities of the four instruments.
Cyclopeptide RA-V Inhibits Organ Enlargement and Tumorigenesis Induced by YAP Activation

The Hippo pathway restricts organ size during development and its inactivation plays a crucial role in cancer. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its paralog transcriptional coactivator with PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1 (PDZ)-binding motif (TAZ) are transcription co-activators and effectors of the Hippo pathway mediating aberrant enlargement of organs and tumor growth upon Hippo pathway inactivation. It has been demonstrated that genetic inactivation of YAP could be an effective approach to inhibit tumorigenesis. In order to identify pharmacological inhibitors of YAP, we screened a library of 52,683 compounds using a YAP-specific reporter assay. In this screen we identified cyclopeptide RA-V (deoxybouvardin) as a specific inhibitor of YAP and TAZ but not other reporters. Unexpectedly, later experiments demonstrated that RA-V represses the protein but not mRNA levels of YAP target genes. Nevertheless, RA-V strongly blocks liver enlargement induced by Mst1/2 knockout. Furthermore, RA-V not only inhibits liver tumorigenesis induced by YAP activation, but also induces regression of established tumors. We found that RA-V inhibits dedifferentiation and proliferation, while inducing apoptosis of hepatocytes. Furthermore, RA-V also induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of macrophages in the microenvironment, which are essential for YAP-induced tumorigenesis. RA-V is thus a drug candidate for cancers involving YAP/TAZ activation.
LncRNA FOXD2‐AS1 accelerates the papillary thyroid cancer progression through regulating the miR‐485‐5p/KLK7 axis

It has been proved that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important modulators in the tumorigenesis and progression of various malignant tumors. Recently, lncRNA FOXD2‐AS1 has been reported to be an oncogene in several kinds of human cancers. However, the function of FOXD2‐AS1 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has not been well investigated. This study aims to explore the biological role and mechanism of FOXD2‐AS1 in PTC. At first, the expression of FOXD2‐AS1 was examined in PTC tissues and cell lines with quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). FOXD2‐AS1 was found to observably upregulated in PTC tissues and cell lines. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis revealed that high expression of FOXD2‐AS1 was closely correlated with the unfavorable prognosis of patients with PTC. Based on the TCGA data set, KLK7 was overexpressed in PTC tumor samples. Our experimental data further validated the upregulation of KLK7 in PTC tissues and cell lines. Similarly, high level of KLKF was associated with poor prognosis of patients with PTC. The positive expression association between FOXD2‐AS1 and KLK7 was analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient. Loss‐of‐function assays revealed that knockdown of FOXD2‐AS1 or KLK7 greatly inhibited PTC cell proliferation and migration, while induced cell apoptosis. Results of mechanism experiments suggested that FOXD2‐AS1 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to enhance the expression of KLK7 by sponging miR‐485‐5p in PTC. Rescue assays were conducted to verify the function of FOXD2‐AS1/miR‐485‐5p/KLK7 axis in PTC progression.
The Air-Breathing Paradise Fish (Macropodus opercularis) Differs From Aquatic Breathers in Strategies to Maintain Energy Homeostasis Under Hypoxic and Thermal Stresses

Two major strategies are used by most fish to maintain energy homeostasis under hypoxia. One is to utilize alternative metabolic pathways to increase energy production, and the other is to limit energy expenditure by suppressing energy-consuming processes, especially ionoregulation. Some anabantoid fishes live in tropical rivers, where hypoxic environments occur frequently. We previously found that under ambient hypoxia, anabantoid fishes do not downregulate Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity to conserve energy in gills but instead increase the frequency of air-breathing respiration (ABR). In addition to the hypoxic condition, another factor that may cause cellular hypoxia in fish is abnormally high environmental temperatures. The frequency of such extreme thermal events has increased due to global climate change. In the present study, we examined whether the anabantoid fish, Macropodus opercularis employs the two strategies mentioned above to resist both ambient hypoxic and elevated thermal (cellular hypoxic) conditions. Results indicate that neither glucose metabolism nor gill NKA activity were altered by hypoxia (DO = 1.5 ± 1 mg/L), but glucose metabolism was increased by thermal stress (34 ± 1°C). NH4+ excretion and ABR frequency were both increased under hypoxia, thermal or hypoxic-and-thermal treatments. In fish that were restricted from breathing air, increased mortality and glucose metabolism were observed under hypoxic or thermal treatments. These results suggest that for M. opercularis, increasing ABR is an important strategy for coping with unmet oxygen demand under hypoxic or thermal stress. This behavioral compensation allows anabantoid fish to physiologically withstand hypoxic and thermal stresses, and constitutes a mechanism of stress resistance that is unavailable to water-breathing fishes.
Punching above their weight: Large release of greenhouse gases from small agricultural dams

Freshwater ecosystems play a major role in global carbon cycling through the breakdown of organic material and release of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions from lakes, wetlands, reservoirs and small natural ponds have been well studied, however, the GHG emissions of highly abundant, small‐scale (<0.01 km2) agricultural dams (small stream and run‐off impoundments) are still unknown. Here, we measured the diffusive CO2 and CH4 flux of 77 small agricultural dams within south‐east Australia. The GHG emissions from these waterbodies, which are currently unaccounted for in GHG inventories, amounted to 11.12 ± 2.59 g CO2‐equivalent m2/day, a value 3.43 times higher than temperate reservoir emissions. Upscaling these results to the entire state of Victoria, Australia, resulted in a farm dam CO2‐equivalent/day emission rate of 4,853 tons, 3.1 times higher than state‐wide reservoir emissions in spite of farm dams covering only 0.94 times the comparative area. We also show that CO2 and CH4 emission rates were both significantly positively correlated with dissolved nitrate concentrations, and significantly higher in livestock rearing farm dams when compared to cropping farm dams. The results from this study demonstrate that small agricultural farm dams can be a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, thereby justifying their inclusion in global carbon budgets.
Clustering of samples with a tree-shaped dependence structure, with an application to microscopic time lapse imaging

Motivation Recent imaging technologies allow for high-throughput tracking of cells as they migrate, divide, express fluorescent markers, and change their morphology. The interpretation of these data requires unbiased, efficient statistical methods that model the dynamics of cell phenotypes. Results We introduce treeHFM, a probabilistic model which generalizes the theory of hidden Markov models to tree structured data. While accounting for the entire genealogy of a cell, treeHFM categorizes cells according to their primary phenotypic features. It models all relevant events in a cell's life, including cell division, and thereby enables the analysis of event order and cell fate heterogeneity. Simulations show higher accuracy in predicting correct state labels when modeling the more complex, tree-shaped dependency of samples over standard HMM modeling. Applying treeHFM to time lapse images of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation, we demonstrate that progenitor cells undergo a well-ordered sequence of differentiation events. Availability The treeHFM is implemented in C++. We provide wrapper functions for the programming languages R (CRAN package, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=treeHFM and Matlab (available at Mathworks Central, http://se.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/57575-treehfml). Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Race, sex, and physician communication about tobacco as predictors of adolescent smoking trajectories in a primarily African American sample

Abstract This study identified latent classes of adolescent smoking and examined race, gender, and physician communication (PC) as predictors of class membership. Data were drawn from five waves of a large (N = 3,049), diverse (82.9% African American) study. Several latent classes were identified: nonsmoker, quitter, early-onset escalating smoking, early-onset stable high smoking, late-onset smoking, and declining smoking. Males, Whites, and teens who received PC were more likely to be in classes with more smoking. Our study identified several youth smoking patterns and differences in smoking based on race, gender, and receipt of PC.
Türkiye de Öğrencilerin Akademik Başarısını Etkileyen Faktörler

The purpose of this research is to examine the factors that affects students' academic achievement in Turkey. 62 studies carried out between the years 2000 and 2015, in Turkey, were analyzed using the method of metaanalysis. The correlation coefficient was used as an index of effect size of the study. Correlation coefficients based on random effects model were combined with Fisher's z method. The average effect size of the study was identified. In this context, the correlation transformations, effect size, significance, and heterogeneity tests for the "Comprehensive Meta-Analysis" statistical package was used. The result of this study was found that the value of effect size on students' academic achievement of school-related factors was 0.231. It was found that the value of effect size on students' academic achievement of student-related factors was 0.324. It was found that the value of effect size on students' academic achievement of family-related factors was 0.271. These values show that a significant correlation between variables. As a result, the most important factors affecting the achievement of the students' academic, socioeconomic status, self-efficacy and motivation.
Toward Exploiting the Behavior of Niobium-Containing Mesoporous Silicates vs. Polyoxometalates in Catalysis

Classification of polyoxometalates (POMs) is based on their chemical composition, basically represented by two general formulae: a) [MmOy]p− b) [XxMmOy]q−, where M is the main transition metal, O is the oxygen atom and X can be a non-metal atom such as Si. Additionally, in the most cases, the structure of the polyoxometalates is derived from a combination of octahedral units MO6 with a central metal atom M and the oxygen atoms placed at their corners. In such octahedra, oxygen atoms allow the condensation between two octahedral units, while one oxygen atom (or max. two atoms) makes double bond with the central metal atom and is not shared with other metal atoms within the complex (terminal oxygens). On the other hand, niobium-containing mesoporous silicates contain mainly MO4 tetrahedra and reveal superior activity in heterogeneous catalysis. Thus, the proper coordination of niobium is crucial for the catalytic activity and will be deeply discussed. The similarity in the catalytic behavior of niobium-polyoxometalates and heterogeneous niobium single-site catalysts in selective oxidations will be demonstrated.
Transdifferentiating Astrocytes Into Neurons Using ASCL1 Functionalized With a Novel Intracellular Protein Delivery Technology

Cellular transdifferentiation changes mature cells from one phenotype into another by altering their gene expression patterns. Manipulating expression of transcription factors, proteins that bind to DNA promoter regions, regulates the levels of key developmental genes. Viral delivery of transcription factors can efficiently reprogram somatic cells, but this method possesses undesirable side effects, including mutations leading to oncogenesis. Using protein transduction domains (PTDs) fused to transcription factors to deliver exogenous transcription factors serves as an alternative strategy that avoids the issues associated with DNA integration into the host genome. However, lysosomal degradation and inefficient nuclear localization pose significant barriers when performing PTD-mediated reprogramming. Here, we investigate a novel PTD by placing a secretion signal sequence next to a cleavage inhibition sequence at the end of the target transcription factor–achaete scute homolog 1 (ASCL1), a powerful regulator of neurogenesis, resulting in superior stability and nuclear localization. A fusion protein consisting of the amino acid sequence of ASCL1 transcription factor with this novel PTD added can transdifferentiate cerebral cortex astrocytes into neurons. Additionally, we show that the synergistic action of certain small molecules improves the efficiency of the transdifferentiation process. This study serves as the first step toward developing a clinically relevant in vivo transdifferentiation strategy for converting astrocytes into neurons.
Listener Anonymizer: Camouflaging Play Logs to Preserve User's Demographic Anonymity

When a user signs up with an online music service, she is often requested to register her demographic attributes such as age, gender, and nationality. Even if she does not input such information, it has been reported that user attributes can be predicted with high accuracy by using her play log. How can users enjoy music when using an online music service while preserving their demographic anonymity? To solve this problem, we propose a system called Listener Anonymizer . Listener Anonymizer monitors the user’s play log. When it detects that her conﬁ-dential attributes can be predicted, it selects songs that can decrease the prediction accuracy and recommends them to her. The user can camouﬂage her play logs by playing these songs to preserve her demographic anonymity. Since such songs do not always match her music taste, selecting as few songs as possible that can effectively anonymize her attributes is required. Listener Anonymizer realizes this by selecting songs based on feature ablation analysis. Our experimental results using Last.fm play logs showed that Listener Anonymizer was able to preserve anonymity with fewer songs than a method that randomly selected songs.
Migraine, tension-type headache and medication-overuse headache in a large population of shift working nurses: a cross-sectional study in Norway

Objectives To investigate associations between different types of headaches and shift work. Design, participants and outcome measures Nurses with different work schedules (day work, two-shift rotation, night work, three-shift rotation) participated in a cohort study with annual surveys that started in 2008/2009. In 2014 (wave 6), a comprehensive headache instrument was included in the survey, in which 1585 nurses participated. Headaches were assessed according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders IIIb. Frequent headache (≥1 day per month), migraine, tension-type headache, chronic headache (headache >14 days per month) and medication-overuse headache (chronic headache + acute headache medication ≥10 days last month) comprised the dependent variables. Adjusted (for sex, age, percentage of full-time equivalent, marital status, children living at home) logistic regression analyses were conducted with work schedule, number of night shifts worked last year, number of quick returns (<11 hours in-between shifts) last year, shift work disorder and insomnia disorder as predictors. Results Frequent headache, migraine and chronic headache were associated with shift work disorder (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.62 to 2.59; 1.60, 1.21 to 2.12; 2.45, 1.25 to 4.80, respectively) and insomnia disorder (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.43 to 2.23; 1.55, 1.18 to 2.02; 3.03, 1.54 to 5.95, respectively), but not with work schedule, number of night shifts or number of quick returns. Tension-type headache was only associated with >20 night shifts last year (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.86). Medication-overuse headache was only associated with insomnia disorder (OR 7.62, 95% CI 2.48 to 23.41). Conclusions We did not find any association between different types of headaches and work schedule. However, tension-type headache was associated with high number of night shifts. Nurses with sleep disorders (insomnia disorder and shift work disorder) reported higher prevalence of frequent headaches, migraine, chronic headache and medication-overuse headache (only insomnia) compared with nurses not having insomnia disorder and shift work disorder, respectively.