Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MANYETİK REZONANS GÖRÜNTÜLEME TEMELLİ FONKSİYONEL BAĞLANTISALLIK YÖNTEMLERİ MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING BASED FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY METHODS

Fonksiyonel Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme (fMRG) verilerine dayanan fonksiyonel bağlantısallık analizleri beyin araştırmalarında önemli bir yer kazanmıştır. Özellikle dinlenim durumunda beynin büyük ölçekli nörokognitif ağlarının ortaya koyulabilmesi ve bunların hastalıklardaki değişimlerinin gösterilebilmesi bu araştırma yöntemine olan ilgiyi artırmıştır. Öte yandan, genel hatlarıyla birbirine benzer olsa da detayda farklılaşan sonuçlar üreten alternatif fonksiyonel bağlantısallık hesaplama yaklaşımları mevcuttur. Fonksiyonel nörogörüntülemenin etkin kullanımı için bu farklı yaklaşımların, ele alınan problem ve incelenen popülasyona bağlı olarak beynin büyük ölçekli ağlarının yapısal örüntülerini ve işlevlerini ortaya koymaktaki güçlü ve zayıf yönlerinin anlaşılması gereklidir. Bu çerçevede, hipotez testi için literatürden kaynaklı anatomik ilgi alanlarının seçimine dayanan tohum temelli fonksiyonel bağlantısallık analizi daha güçlü bir yaklaşımken, keşifçi araştırmalarda tümüyle veri güdümlü olan bağımsız bileşen analizi (BBA) tüm beyin verisini tarafsız değerlendirme olanağı sunmaktadır. Yöntemler arasındaki diğer önemli ayrım, grup analizleri için incelenen beyinlerin anatomik olarak ortak bir şablon üzerinde çakıştırılması veya anatomik tanımlamaların her beynin kendi mekânsal koordinatlarında gerçekleştirilmesidir. Beyinde büyük ölçekli deformasyonlara yol açan patolojilerde ikinci yolun seçimi başarımı büyük ölçüde arttırırken, büyük ölçekli sağlıklı katılımcı veri kümelerinden normatif sonuçlar çıkartmak için ilk yaklaşım daha avantajlı olabilir. Son olarak, bireysel koordinatlarda kortekse ilişkin anatomik tanımlamaların gerçekleştirilmesinde hacim veya yüzeye dayalı yaklaşımlar da fonksiyonel bağlantısallık çalışmalarının sonuçlarını önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Bu derlemede, fonksiyonel bağlantısallık hesaplama yaklaşımları bu üç perspektiften ele alınarak karşılaştırılacaktır.
Visualization of Online Information Space

The internet has made the distribution and consumption of content easier than ever before. The inventors of the internet thought that this would open the floodgates to a new enlightenment era, where truth is universal and accessible. In reality what we have become painfully aware of is that the internet has made all kinds of information spread faster, not just truth. In this project we created a dynamic visualization to explore this online information space to investigate what kind of information it is made out of and what kind of information is popular in it. We focused on the Twitter online information space in particular. Our visualization represents each piece of information or factoid as a bubble. The color of the bubble represents its veracity (green = true, red = false, yellow = mixed). The size of the bubble represents its magnitude (magnitude = sum between the total number of retweets and independent tweets). We can see that the Twitter online information space is made out of mostly false information (way more red bubbles) and that false information is more popular (red bubbles are larger on average).
Champ4life Study Protocol: A One-Year Randomized Controlled Trial of a Lifestyle Intervention for Inactive Former Elite Athletes with Overweight/Obesity

Preventive and educational programs directed to former elite athletes in the areas of healthy living are required. This is particularly relevant as obesity and health-related problems are observed in retired athletes, especially in those whose current levels of physical activity are below the recommendations. During their sports career, elite athletes are supported by a multidisciplinary team; upon retirement, no support is provided for the transition to a different lifestyle. So far, no program has been implemented to promote sustained healthy lifestyle behaviors in the post-career transition and evidence is lacking for such an intervention. Firstly, we aim to determine if Champ4life, a 1-year lifestyle intervention targeting inactive former athletes with overweight and obesity, is effective for reducing total and abdominal fat. Secondly, our purpose is to assess the effectiveness of the intervention on the levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior, resting energy expenditure, cardio-metabolic markers, physical fitness, energy balance components, eating self-regulation markers, and quality of life over 12 months. Champ4life is an evidence- and theory-based program using a randomized control trial design (intervention vs. control group) that will be conducted on 94 inactive former elite athletes with overweight and obesity. The first four months of the Champ4Life program include a nutritional appointment and 12 weekly, 90-min sessions. Classroom sessions seek to provide participants with key information and a toolbox of behavior change techniques to initiate and sustain long-term lifestyle changes. Participants will undergo baseline, 4-month, and 12-month measurements of body composition (primary outcomes), resting energy expenditure, physical fitness, metabolic markers, energy balance related-markers, and quality of life (secondary outcome). This trial will provide evidence on the effectiveness of the Champ4life program, a pioneer lifestyle intervention for retired athletes, offering tools for sustained changes in physical activity, sedentary behavior and diet, aiming to improve body composition and overall health-related markers.
A simple and efficient approach for the semi-automated curation for media review creation

In this paper we discuss a robust and efficient approach to automatically curate news articles into daily media monitoring reports by using document classification. We start with a motivation and a description of the task and work out the characteristics and requirements specific for this use case. Also, we report on initial experiments with simple Naïve Bayes classifiers trained on manually labelled data and discuss them in terms of applicability to the use case. Furthermore, we present the next steps to improve the automated curation without sacrificing efficiency and robustness.
Intelligent Portal for Event-triggered SMS Alerts

A sophisticated 3-tier alert system capable of delivering ad-sponsored SMS/email alerts triggered by predefined events is proposed. The system is designed to cater to three groups of users, namely the advertisers, subscribers, and administrators. The administrators oversee day-to-day operations of the system, subscribers select the type of news or event updates they wish to receive, and advertisers bid for advertisement space tied to specific news or news events. A functional prototype complete with workflow management has been built using best-of-breed open source components like Linux, Plone, Zope, Apache Lucene, Nutch, and mySQL. We believe that such an open-source system would play a vital role in heralding the next great advertising medium, the mobile phone
Perception of risk by farmers and crop insurance decisions – Polish case

Farmers’ perception of risk has been extensively researched, especially in the USA and developing countries (Chiotti, Q., Johnston, T., Smit, B., Ebel, 1997; Harwood, Heifner, Coble, Perry, & Somwaru, 1999; Meuwissen, Huirne, & Hardaker, 1999; Tucker, Eakin, & Castellanos, 2010; van Duinen, Filatova, Geurts, & van der Veen, 2015). Some studies have shown that personal risk perception influences risk attitudes of farmers (Ullah, Shivakoti, & Ali, 2015). Although the correlation between risk perception and mitigation behavior is ambiguous (Birkholz, Muro, Jeffrey, & Smith, 2014; Grothmann & Patt, 2005; Kaczała & Wiśniewska, 2015; Liu, Corcoran, Tao, & Cheng, 2016; Sherrick, Barry, Ellinger, & Schnitkey, 2004; Tucker et al., 2010; Ullah, Shivakoti, Kamran, & Zulfiqar, 2016; Wachinger, Renn, Begg, & Kuhlicke, 2013; Wheeler, Zuo, & Bjornlund, 2013; Woods, Nielsen, Branth Pedersen, & Kristofersson, 2017) identification of the structure of perceived risk and the formation of farmers’ risk perceptions seems to be crucial both for designing a government risk management policy applicable in the agriculture sector and for suppliers of risk management tools (Lo, 2013; Ogurtsov, Van Asseldonk, & Huirne, 2009; Sherrick et al., 2004).
The impact of patient and doctor characteristics on the prescribing of low cost generic formulations in Brazil

Objectives To examine the impact of the characteristics of doctors and patients on the use of low cost generic formulations in Brazil in 2012. Setting This study examined 17,627 consultations in which a medicine known to have an unbranded generic formulation available was prescribed. These consultations were generated by a sample of 723 doctors working in both public and private sectors in 2012. Results 74% of doctors prescribed both branded and unbranded formulations. Only 8/723 doctors never prescribed a generic of any sort. Doctors were found to prescribe less expensive formulations of medicines to those patients with co-morbid conditions and those needing treatment with higher priced medicines. Increasing patient age was significantly associated with less expensive formulations. Conclusion This study indicates that Brazil is a relatively mature generic market with most doctors prescribing a generic formulation. Doctors prescribe formulations that are relatively less expensive where the absolute price of the medicine is higher and where the patient is older or being treated for more than one diagnosis. This suggests that the economic burden of treatment may be being taken into account.
Canon Solutions for Advanced Heterogeneous Integration and Fan-Out Processes

High-Performance Computing systems can employ leadingedge Heterogeneous Integration (HI) technology including Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging (FOWLP) and high-density Redistribution Layers (RDL) to maximize system bandwidth and performance. These More-than-Moore strategies are growing in importance and present unique challenges that must be overcome to enable mainstream adoption. FOWLP roadmaps for interconnections between SoC (System on Chip) and DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory), split-die FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) and image sensors and SoC are driving RDL scaling and aggressive FOWLP processes are targeting 0.8 μm design rules. High-resolution lithography is required for highdensity, fine-RDL applications and the main lithography challenge is to provide a large Depth-of-Focus (DoF) to reliably pattern sub-micron RDL traces across a large exposure field. This paper details an analysis of candidate optical conditions for sub-micron imaging including data demonstrating the DoF performance of an optimized lithography system (stepper). To meet the high-resolution requirements of fine-RDL processes, Canon developed the FPA-5520iV-HR [20iV-HR] i-line stepper that employs a new projection optical system featuring a maximum 0.24 Numerical Aperture (NA) and a 52 x 34 mm field size. We will present data illustrating that 0.24 NA steppers can provide excellent resolution and pattern fidelity throughout each exposure field across the entire wafer. High-density FOWLP wafers can also display extreme dieshift, warpage and topography that must be addressed to enable high-yield and high-productivity processes. Die placement error in FOWLP wafers creates orders of magnitude more alignment error versus traditional silicon wafers and advanced alignment compensation is required to improve overlay matching. Alignment solutions for processing distorted FOWLP wafers include the Grid-PA system that automatically corrects the wafer loading position based on die-grid sampling, and Enhanced Advanced Global Alignment (EAGA) that allows the stepper to measure and compensate for shift, rotation and intra-field magnification errors on a die-by-die basis. FOWLP reconstituted wafers can also experience large warpage that can decrease productivity and DoF and to combat these challenges, our steppers have been designed to handle wafers with over 5 mm of warpage and are also based on a Front-End-Of-the-Line (FEOL) stepper platform that offers die-by-die tilt and focus measurement and compensation to maximize focus accuracy and DoF. This paper provides an analysis of key lithography challenges facing aggressive FOWLP and fine-RDL processes details of stepper technology that helps enable high-density integration in mass-production. We remain committed to enabling innovation through lithography system performance upgrades and development of original options supporting current and future FOWLP and fineRDL processes.
Evaluating the Reliability of Non-Specialist Observers in the Behavioural Assessment of Semi-Captive Asian Elephant Welfare

Simple Summary It is essential that elephant workers monitor the stress levels of their animals to uphold high standards of welfare. This can be done quickly and efficiently by observing elephant behaviour, however, the consistency of this approach is likely to vary between workers. While this variation has been tested in zoo elephants when observations were carried out by experienced observers, the consistency of observations made by non-experienced observers on the much larger population of Asian elephants working in Southeast Asia has yet to be explored. By constructing a list of elephant working behaviours, we employed three volunteer observers with no experience of elephant research to record the behaviour of Asian elephants working in Myanmar. We then tested the similarity between observations collected by the three observers, as well as the consistency that individual observers could repeatedly recognise the same behaviour. Overall, observers recognised the same behaviour from the videos and were highly consistent across repeated observations. These results suggest that the behaviours tested may represent useful indicators for welfare assessment, and that non-experienced observers can meaningfully contribute to the monitoring of elephant welfare. Abstract Recognising stress is an important component in maintaining the welfare of captive animal populations, and behavioural observation provides a rapid and non-invasive method to do this. Despite substantial testing in zoo elephants, there has been relatively little interest in the application of behavioural assessments to the much larger working populations of Asian elephants across Southeast Asia, which are managed by workers possessing a broad range of behavioural knowledge. Here, we developed a new ethogram of potential stress- and work-related behaviour for a semi-captive population of Asian elephants. We then used this to collect observations from video footage of over 100 elephants and evaluated the reliability of behavioural welfare assessments carried out by non-specialist observers. From observations carried out by different raters with no prior experience of elephant research or management, we tested the reliability of observations between-observers, to assess the general inter-observer agreement, and within-observers, to assess the consistency in behaviour identification. The majority of ethogram behaviours were highly reliable both between- and within-observers, suggesting that overall, behaviour was highly objective and could represent easily recognisable markers for behavioural assessments. Finally, we analysed the repeatability of individual elephant behaviour across behavioural contexts, demonstrating the importance of incorporating a personality element in welfare assessments. Our findings highlight the potential of non-expert observers to contribute to the reliable monitoring of Asian elephant welfare across large captive working populations, which may help to both improve elephant wellbeing and safeguard human workers.
Detecting Communities and Anomalies in Large Real-world Graphs

Graphs are a universal language for describing interactions in a variety of complex systems (e.g., the society, brains, and communication systems), and analyzing such graphs is crucial to understand and predict these complex systems. Communities (i.e., groups of densely-connected nodes) and anomalies, are key components of graphs, and identifying them in given graphs often leads to a much better understanding of the graphs. In this tutorial, we offer a comprehensive overview of the techniques for detecting communities and anomalies. Specifically, we first introduce basic and advanced techniques for detecting non-overlapping, overlapping, and multi-attribute communities, and then we introduce those for detecting anomalies based on features, spectral properties, and dense sub-structures. Additionally, we present a number of applications in a wide range of domains, including social media, e-commerce, and computer security.
Metabolism of cryptoxanthin in freshwater fish

1. In search of other provitamins A, the metabolism ofcryptoxanthin was studied in several species of freshwater fish, i.e. Chunna gachua, Labeo bogu (retinol-rich) and Heteropneustes fossilis (dehydroretinol-rich). The fish were either allowed to starve for 20-25 d to make their intestines free from carotenoids and vitamin A or kept on a vitamin-A-deficient diet for 140-150 d to deplete the initial reserve of vitamin A in the livers. 2. Retinol-rich freshwater fish such as C. gachua and L. boga converted cryptoxanthin into retinol and no 3-dehydroretinol or 3-hydroxyretinol could be isolated from those fish that received cryptoxanthin. 3. 3-Hydroxyretinol and 3-dehydroretinol were isolated from the vitamin-A-deficient H. fossilis, a 3-dehydroretinol-rich freshwater siluroid, after the administration of cryptoxanthin.
Measuring and Comparing Two Kinds of Rationalizable Opportunity Cost in Mixture Models

In experiments of decision-making under risk, structural mixture models allow us to take a menu of theories about decision-making to the data, estimating the fraction of people who behave according to each model. While studies using mixture models typically focus only on how prevalent each of these theories is in people’s decisions, they can also be used to assess how much better this menu of theories organizes people’s utility than does just one theory on its own. I develop a framework for calculating and comparing two kinds of rationalizable opportunity cost from these mixture models. The first is associated with model mis-classification: How much worse off is a decision-maker if they are forced to behave according to model A, when they are in fact a model B type? The second relates to the mixture model’s probabilistic choice rule: How much worse off are subjects because they make probabilistic, rather than deterministic, choices? If the first quantity dominates, then one can conclude that model a constitutes an economically significant departure from model B in the utility domain. On the other hand, if the second cost dominates, then models a and B have similar utility implications. I demonstrate this framework on data from an existing experiment on decision-making under risk.
The Role of Social Capital in Knowledge Sharing in Higher Education Institutes

A majority of the activities performed in higher education institutions are routines that need to be learned, remembered and refined for improvement. These include academic and administrative tasks that are central to the proper functioning of the institution. In addition to this, as any business, higher education institutions need to compete and innovate at a time when their performances are measured in detail by their management, students, governments and other external bodies. Staff members in various roles often become familiar with certain routine tasks. Although an institution may rely on these members and others who master a particular activity whenever needed, there is no guarantee that staff members or even teams will stay with the institution. Therefore, it would be necessary to ensure that institutional knowledge does not become synonymous with individual staff members and, therefore, the knowledge is available only when these individuals are present and absent when they are away. This paper looks into how higher education institutions can enhance their knowledge sharing practices by cultivating social capital among its employees. It employs a set of semi-structured interviews to gauge the attitudes of employees of two institutions in Saudi Arabia. This is complemented by a literature survey looking into how social capital theory is adapted by earlier researchers in the area of knowledge sharing. The findings indicate that trust, social interactions, participation and rewards have strong influence in knowledge sharing.
Blokzincir Teknolojisinin Dijital Kimlik Yönetiminde Kullanımı: Bir Sistematik Haritalama Çalışması

The digital identity, which is a must for accessing many online products and services, lets individuals to proove that they really are who they claim to be when it is securely associated with real world identities. Besides, digital identity is one of the most important elements of digitalization. However, there are some deficiencies in existing applications related to design, implementation, management and security of digital identities. The principal deficiencies may be count as the risks of improper use of data and violation of privacy arising from being under the control of central authorities such as governments or technology giants, and inconsistent data and nonproductive business processes arising from duplication of identity data amongst different authorities. Blockchain technology has a potential to eliminate these problems and nonproductivity by its inherent characteristics. Since its first emerge in 2008, blockchain technology has been closely followed and the field of application consistently expanded. Today, governments, international organizations such as United Nations and European Union and private sector carry out research, modelling and prototype development studies on digital identity with blockchain. In this study, systematic mapping method was used to have a holistic insight about the researches on utilization of blockchain for digital identity and it is also aimed to provide a perspective for future works.
Total versus Differential Settlement of Deep Foundations

This paper investigates the probabilistic nature of differential settlement between two identical piles founded in a spatially variable linearly elastic soil. A theoretical model is developed, and validated by simulation, which is then used to calculate the probability of excessive differential settlement. The theoretical model can be employed in the design of individual piles to avoid excessive differential settlements. RÉSUMÉ Cet article étudie la nature probabiliste de tassement différentiel entre deux pieux identiques foncés dans un sol élastique linéaire spatialement variable. Un modèle théorique est développé et validé par simulation et celui-ci est utilisé pour calculer la probabilité de tassement différentiel excessif. Ce modèle théorique est applicable lors de la conception de pieux individuels afin d’éviter un tassement différentiel excessif.
Design of Charge-Balanced Biphasic Stimulus Driver to Suppress Epileptic Seizure in the Low Voltage Process

Nowadays, the treatment of using electrical stimulation has been investigated and verified, such as functional electrical stimulation (FES) and therapeutic electrical stimulation (TES). By stimulating abnormal nerve sites of the patients, they may restore some body functions. As the CMOS process developed, using an implantable device to provide stimulus current can be accomplished. The biomedical chip is made by the combination of microelectronics, medicine and biochemical such as epilepsy prosthetic SoC.