Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
User Profi ling in GUI based Windows Systems for Intrusion Detection

User Profiling in GUI based Windows Systems for Intrusion Detection by Arshi Agrawal Intrusion detection is the process of identifying any unauthorized access to a system. This process inspects user behavior to identify any possible attack or intrusion. There exists two type of intrusion detection systems (IDSs): signature-based IDS and anomaly-based IDS. This project concentrates on anomaly-based intrusion detection technique. This technique is based on the deviation of intruder’s actions from the authenticated user’s actions. Much previous research has focused on the deviation of command line input in UNIX systems. However, these techniques fail to detect attacks on modern GUIbased systems, where typical user activities include mouse movements and keystrokes. Our project aims to create a dataset suitable for testing intrusion detection strategies on GUI-based operating systems. We have developed an event logging tool to capture GUI-based user data on Windows systems. We have collected a large dataset which we analyze using a intrusion detection strategy based on hidden Markov models (HMM).
An in vitro study on the effect of sage, Salvia officinalis L., on rumen fermentation

Dried leaves of Salvia officinalis L. , a rich source of phytofactors, were evaluated for their effect on methane production, microbial population, and basic parameters of rumen fermentation in a batch culture system. A 400 mg mixture of meadow hay and barley meal at a ratio of 60:40 was used as the substrate. Dried leaves of Salvia officinalis L. were added to the substrate at six levels (4, 10, 20, 40, 100, and 200 mg). A wide range of dried Salvia officinalis L. leaves, in quantities even up to 50% of the substrate, was used to test the effect of increasing amounts of phytofactors in the investigated cultures, mostly on methane production. CH4 production was significantly mitigated by supplementation with 200 mg of sage per incubation vessel. The supplement affected the protozoa and methanogen populations which indicates that methane emission is associated with these populations; in vitro dry matter digestibility decreased linearly, however. Although Salvia officinalis L. seems to be a plant for which there may be a use in ruminant nutrition and the presented results suggest that the optimal level of Salvia officinalis is between 100 and 200 mg, further investigations under long-term in vivo conditions are necessary, as are the determination of the optimum dose and the active agent.
Inter-nesting habitat-use patterns of loggerhead sea turtles: enhancing satellite tracking with benthic mapping.

The loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta faces declining nest numbers and bycatches from commercial longline fishing in the southeastern USA. Understanding spatial and temporal habi- tat-use patterns of these turtles, especially reproductive females in the neritic zone, is critical for guiding management decisions. To assess marine turtle habitat use within the Dry Tortugas National Park (DRTO), we used satellite telemetry to identify core-use areas for 7 loggerhead females inter- nesting and tracked in 2008 and 2009. This effort represents the first tracking of DRTO loggerheads, a distinct subpopulation that is 1 of 7 recently proposed for upgrading from threatened to endangered under the US Endangered Species Act. We also used a rapid, high-resolution, digital imaging system to map benthic habitats in turtle core-use areas (i.e. 50% kernel density zones). Loggerhead females were seasonal residents of DRTO for 19 to 51 d, and individual inter-nesting habitats were located within 1.9 km (2008) and 2.3 km (2009) of the nesting beach and tagging site. The core area common to all tagged turtles was 4.2 km 2 in size and spanned a depth range of 7.6 to 11.5 m. Mapping results revealed the diversity and distributions of benthic cover available in the core-use area, as well as a heavily used corridor to/from the nesting beach. This combined tagging-mapping approach shows potential for planning and improving the effectiveness of marine protected areas and for developing spatially explicit conservation plans.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SHAPE MEMORY BEHAVIOR OF HIGH STRENGTH NiTiHfPd SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS

OF THESIS CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SHAPE MEMORY BEHAVIOR OF HIGH STRENGTH NiTiHfPd SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS NiTiHf alloys have emerged as potential materials for applications requiring high transformation temperatures (> 100 °C) with high strength and work output. Although they have high transformation temperatures, their low damping capacity, brittleness and poor superelastic responses (of Ti-rich NiTiHf) impedes their wider usage in many industrial applications. In this study, the quaternary alloying element of Pd has been added to NiTiHf alloys to improve and tailor their shape memory behavior,. NiTiHfPd alloys were systematically examined regarding the composition and heat treatments effects. Effects of substituting Hf with Ti on the shape memory behavior of NiTHfPd alloys were investigated. There compositions were selected as Ni40.3Ti34Hf20Pd5 Ni40.3Ti39. 7Hf15Pd5 and Ni40.3Ti44. 7Hf10Pd5 (at.%). Their transformation temperatures, microstructure and shape memory properties were revealed and compared with conventional shape memory alloys. It was revealed that their transformation temperatures increases but transformation strain decreases with the increment of Hf content. Additionally, superelastic responses of Ni45.3Ti29. 7Hf20Pd5 and Ni45.3Ti39. 7Hf10Pd5 alloys were investigated. Transformation temperatures of polycrystalline Ni45.3Ti29. 7Hf20Pd5 are highly dependent on aging temperatures and they can be altered widely from room temperature to 250 oC. Finally, the damping capacity of the Ni45.3Ti39. 7Hf10Pd5 polycrystal and [111]oriented Ni45.3Ti29. 7Hf20Pd5 single crystal were investigated. The damping capacities were found to be 16-25 J.cm-3, and 10-23 J.cm-3 for the Ni45.3Ti39. 7Hf10Pd5 and [111]-oriented Ni45.3Ti29. 7Hf20Pd5 alloys, respectively.
Food and Nutritional Insecurity and its Determinants in Food Surplus Areas: The Case Study of Punjab State

The incidence and depth of food and nutritional insecurity has been estimated and its determinants in a food-surplus area, viz. the state of Punjab, have been studied. The consumption expenditure has been found to be directly associated with the levels of income/assets in both rural and urban areas. The study has revealed that the food and nutritional insecurity prevails even in the food-surplus areas, with low-income households being more vulnerable to it. The access to food determined by the level of income and family-size has been found as the most important factor influencing food and nutritional security in food-surplus areas. Increase in production alone does not ensure food and nutritional security. The study has suggested that income and employment opportunities for more vulnerable sections of the society will have to be augmented to alleviate their food insecurity and malnutrition.
Individual Driver’s Undesirable Driving Events—A Temporal Analysis

The advantage of in-vehicle monitoring technology enables the collection of accurate and high resolution driving information. The availability of such large amount of information may open new possibilities to analyze behavior of small samples and even individual’s driving behavior in order to evaluate change over time, strengths and weaknesses which can be used to create personalized interventions and feedback massages. In this paper, the authors demonstrate how information from technology can be used for analyzing a single driver’s behavior. The authors analyzed individual driver’s information received from a novel in-vehicle technology, which identifies the occurrences of undesirable driving events such as extreme braking and accelerating, sharp cornering and sudden lane changing. During the three years measurement period, information about more than 5704 trips, 2107 driving hours and 6878 undesired driving events was recorded. The maximum likelihood estimation was used to fit the Negative-Binomial model for the events rate. Then, several negative binomial regression models were used to analyze how trip duration, daytime, and day of the week are linked to the rate of undesirable driving events. A generalized additive model (GAM) with the P-spline method for smoothing was used to evaluate how driving behavior changes over time, and a “before” and “after” study was performed to test the effect of providing feedback about driving behavior. Insurers and safety officers in commercial fleets can use driving information collected by technology to analyze trends in behavior and to evaluate the usefulness of intervention plans – even for a single driver.
Influence of sociality on allometric growth and morphological differentiation in sponge-dwelling alpheid shrimp

Eusocial societies are defined by a reproductive division of labour between breeders and nonbreeders that is often accompanied by morphological differentiation. Some eusocial taxa are further characterized by a subdivision of tasks among nonbreeders, often resulting in morphological differentiation among different groups (subcastes) that specialize on different sets of tasks. We investigated the possibility of morphological castes in eusocial shrimp colonies (Zuzalpheus, formerly part of Synalpheus) by comparing growth allometry and body proportions of three eusocial shrimp species with three pair-forming species (species where reproductive females and males occur in equal sex ratios). Allometry of eusocial species differed in several respects from that of pair-forming species in both lineages. First, allometry of fighting claw size among individuals other than female breeders was steeper in eusocial than in pair-forming species. Second, breeding females in eusocial colonies had proportionally smaller weapons (fighting claws) than females in pair-forming species. Finally, claw allometry changed with increasing colony size in eusocial species; large colonies showed a diphasic allometry of fighting claw and finger size, indicating a distinctive group of large individuals possessing relatively larger weapons than other colony members. Shrimp are thus similar to other eusocial animals in the morphological differentiation between breeders and nonbreeders, and in the indication that some larger nonbreeders might contribute more to defence than others. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 94, 527–540.
Genetic, cytological and morphological differentiation within the Balkan‐Carpathian Sesleria rigida sensu Fl. Eur. (Poaceae): A taxonomically intricate tetraploid‐octoploid complex

Reconstruction of relationships among populations of the morphologically polymorphic and taxonomically intricate Sesleria rigida sensu Fl. Eur. based on Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs) revealed four clearly differentiated genetic groups that did only partly follow recent taxonomic concepts, but were strictly allopatric. While some of the previ- ously described taxa constitute distinct genetic entities, others have no taxonomic value. Synthesizing our AFLP data with ploidy-level information obtained from all genetically investigated individuals as well as with chromosome counts revealed that tetraploid individuals prevail, while octoploids occur only within S. filifolia. Lack of AFLP divergence between tetra- and octoploids suggests an autopolyploid origin of the latter. The genetic differentiation pattern was reflected by morphological differentiation, allowing for a taxonomic revision of the constituents of S. rigida sensu Fl. Eur. resulting in recognition of the four species S. achtarovii, S. filifolia, S. rigida, and S. serbica.
Cohort Variability in Remaining Life Span at Retirement Age: Evidence from OECD Countries, Russia and Taiwan †

This paper investigates the variability of life span at retirement age in 28 developed and transition countries. We analyze trends in cohort mortality for selected OECD countries, Russia and Taiwan and predict life expectancy and inequality at age 60. We find that the average and the standard deviation of (remaining) life span are increasing in all countries but Russia. Average life span tends to increase more rapidly than the standard deviation, resulting in lower levels of relative inequality. We forecast that the life span distribution will continue to shift out and widen. Across birth cohorts 1930‐1960, we predict increasing relative inequality in Russia and among Japanese women. In other countries, and among Japanese men, we predict lower relative inequality. The declines are expected to be particularly pronounced among men and in Western Europe. We discuss the findings in the context of the debate on limits to longevity and public pension reform.
Linking strategic improvisation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy to corporate entrepreneurship in Nigerian higher education institutions (HEIs)

Article history: Received June 5, 2016 Received in revised format October 2, 2016 Accepted October 26, 2016 Available online October 27, 2016 The role of leaders toward the development of entrepreneurship has been fully acknowledged. However, Leaders’ characteristics such as strategic improvisation and entrepreneurial selfefficacy were mainly examined in the private sector. Hence, it is imperative to extend empirical studies to public sector organizations. The present study, therefore, proposed and validated a model linking leaders’ strategic improvisation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy to corporate entrepreneurship in Nigerian Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Using a structured questionnaire, 220 responses were generated from large HEIs in Kano State, Nigeria. The data of the study was analyzed using SmartPLS 3.0 to ascertain both measurement and structural model validity of the model. The results showed that both leaders’ strategic improvisation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy were significantly related to corporate entrepreneurship in HEIs. Implication and limitation of the study; and suggestions for future study are also provided. © 2016 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Using Non-Markov models for the Control of Dynamic Systems

Due to shorter life cycles and more complex production processes the automatic generation of models for control purposes is of great importance. Even though Bayesian networks have proven their usefulness in machine learning and pattern recognition and the close relationship between Dynamic Bayesian networks and Kalman Filters respectively difference equations they have not been applied to problems in the area of automatic control. In our work we deduce the structure of a Dynamic Bayesian networks using the state space description and difference equations. Both models are trained by the EM algorithm and used for control purposes. The experiments show that both models performs well, but the training process of the model based on difference equations is much more stable.
THE PERFORMANCES OF COFFEE PROCESSORS AND COFFEE MARKET IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the performances of coffee processors and coffee market in Serbia based on the market concentration analysis, profitability analysis, and proftability determinants analysis. The research was based on the sample of 40 observations of coffee processing companies divided into two groups: large and small coffee processors. The results indicate that two large coffee processors have dominant market share. Even though the Serbian coffee market is an oligopolistic, proftability analysis indicates that small coffee processors have a signifcant better proftability ratio than large coffee processors. Furthermore, results show that proftability ratio is positively related to the inventory turnover and negatively related to the market share.
Randomized Wavelets on Arbitrary Domains and Applications to Functional MRI Analysis

Wavelets have been shown to be effective bases for many classes of natural signals and images. Standard wavelet bases have the entire vector space $\mathbb R^n$ as their natural domain. It is fairly straightforward to adapt these to rectangular subdomains, and there also exist constructions for domains with more complex boundaries. However those methods are ineffective when we deal with domains that are very arbitrary and convoluted. A particular example of interest is the human cortex, which is the part of the human brain where all the cognitive activity takes place. In this thesis, we use the lifting scheme to design wavelets on arbitrary volumes, and in particular on volumes having the structure of the human cortex. These wavelets have an element of randomness in their construction, which allows us to repeat the analysis with many different realizations of the wavelet bases and averaging the results, a method that improves the power of the analysis. Next, we apply this type of wavelet transforms to the statistical analysis to fMRI data, and we show that it enables us to achieve greater spatial localization than other, more standard techniques.
Genetic Relationships of Cassava Genotypes That are Susceptible or Tolerant to Cassava Brown Streak Disease in Uganda

A total of 99 cassava genotypes whose field reaction to cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) was known, were assayed with 30 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to establish their genetic parallels. Two categories of CBSD reaction were considered: CBSD-susceptible genotypes (characterized by > 60% root and foliar CBSD incidence), and CBSD-tolerant genotypes (characterized by < 15% root and foliar CBSD incidence). DNA was extracted from leaf samples using the miniprep method and genotyped using ABI 3730 DNA sequencer. The test genotypes at 0.02 similarity coefficient, CBSD-tolerant and CBSD-susceptible genotypes clustered into 5 main sub-clusters. When data were subjected to principle component analysis (PCA) irrespective of the CBSD reaction grade, the first three principal components accounted for 68% of the total genetic variation. Despite having different number of individuals, the observed heterozygosity (Ho) for CBSD-susceptible (Ho = 0.58) and CBSD-tolerant (Ho = 0.66) were comparable and provide scope for long-term CBSD breeding and/or gene tapping.
Estimation of the New Keynesian Phillips Curve in the Czech Environment

The paper deals with the estimation of the New Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC). First, the history of the Phillips curve and the NKPC is outlined. Next, similar research and papers regarding the NKPC are mentioned. The main goal of the paper is to estimate the parameters of the NKPC using the Bayesian techniques. These techniques are widely used for the DSGE model estimation and this paper contains links to the source foreign literature. The NKPC is estimated as part of a fully calibrated Small Open Economy (SOE) DSGE model. The SOE DSGE model consists of households, firms, the government and the central bank. The estimation is performed on the Czech data and the period is from 2001Q1 to 2012Q2. The first output of the paper is the parameter estimates of the NKPC. The main finding is that the future expected inflation plays a crucial role in setting the level of inflation. Moreover, a shock decomposition of domestic and imported inflation is performed and the main output is that the domestic monetary policy shock causes crucial changes in the level of both domestic and imported inflation.
A phylogenetic test of the parasite-host associations between Maculinea butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) and Myrmica ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The parasitic caterpillars of Maculinea (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) need to be adopted and nursed by ants of the genus Myrmica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Each Maculinea species is locally associated with one or a few main and often several secon- dary host species. To determine whether the parasite-host associations bear marks of cophylogenetic constraints, we reconstructed phylogenies of Maculinea and Myrmica using DNA sequence data. We searched for evidence of cospeciation with a tree- independent (ParaFit) and tree-based (TreeFitter) method. This did not reveal any indication of phylogenetic host tracking in Macu- linea. This agrees with earlier insights, which emphasise that as most of the potential host ant populations are never infested by Maculinea, the selective pressure of the butterflies on Myrmica is likely to be slight. Each Maculinea species also specialises on one or a few host plant species before adoption by ants. We suggest that Maculinea species have a substantial potential to accommodate evolutionarily to geographically changing ranges of potential Myrmica hosts, available at the oviposition sites of the butterflies. We use recently published evidence on geographically varying host ant species to discuss a suite of plausible scenarios of adaptive shifts to new Myrmica host species.
Isoindole and isomeric heterocyclic donating substituents in ruthenium(II)nitrosyl complexes with large first hyperpolarizabilities and potential two-photon absorption capabilities: a computational approach

A set of 22 ruthenium nitrosyl complexes of general formula [Ru II (L)Cl 2 (NO)] + is investigated computationally by the density functional theory. L is a terpyridine ligand substituted by different R isomers of formula C 12 H 8 N, either indole, isoindole, or carbazole, proposed as alternative donors to the electron-rich fluorene substituent. The computed resulting nonlinear optical (NLO) properties are found to strongly depend on the isomer. While the ruthenium complexes exhibit modest efficiencies at the second-order (two-photon absorption) level, some of the R isomers lead to complexes of enhanced capabilities in first order ( b ) nonlinear optics. The synthetic feasibility of these ligands is discussed.
Interventions for Enhancing Parenting Quality in Early Infancy

Early infancy is the period of life in which the major biological and psychological bases of human development are built; therefore, it requires a unique social, economic and political commitment on the part of society [1,2]. In early infancy, family is primarily responsible for the daily care and promotion of the rights of children, with a shared responsibility of society and the states, as stipulated in the Convention on the Rights of the Child [3]. Therefore, parents, relatives or unrelated caregivers of children between ages zero and five years old are essential for promoting children’s healthy development. These caregivers should be the focus of effective and useful interventions aimed at strengthening the affections and the quality of care that they provide to their children, supporting them through parenting challenges, and helping to create stimulating and safe home environments (World Conference on Education for All in Jomtien, Thailand [4], World Education Forum in Dakar, Senegal, [5])
A Heuristic Adjacent Extreme Point Algorithm for the Fixed Charge Problem

An algorithm with three variations is presented for the approximate solution of fixed charge problems. Computational experience shows it to be extremely fast and to yield very good solutions. The basic approach is 1 to obtain a local optimum by using the simplex method with a modification of the rule for selection of the variable to enter the basic solution, and 2 once at a local optimum, to search for a better extreme point by jumping over adjacent extreme points to resume iterating two or three extreme points away. This basic approach is the same as that used by Steinberg [Steinberg, D. I. 1970. The fixed charge problem. Naval Res. Log. Quart.17 217--236. ], Cooper [Cooper, L. 1975. The fixed charge problem---I: A new heuristic method. Comp. & Maths, with Appls.1 89--95. ], and Denzler [Denzler, D. R. 1969. An approximate algorithm for the fixed charge problem. Naval Res. Log. Quart.16 411--416. ] in their algorithms, but is an extension and improvement of all three. The algorithm is being used by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Solid Waste Management Programs to decide on the number, type, size, and location of the disposal facilities to operate in a region, and how to allocate the region's wastes to these facilities.