Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Normal and Infected Bio-Cell Using Dual Nanoprobe

The objective of this paper is to analyze the yeast cell, liver cell and blood cell under both infected and healthy conditions by applying electrical signal through dual nanoprobe from source to cell. Knowledge of nanoprobe based bio-cell analysis can be used to differentiate infected cells from healthy ones, since their electrical behaviour is different. The voltage can be applied either inside the cytoplasm penetrating the cell wall, or at the outer surface of cell membrane. In this paper, the simulation has been carried out by applying voltage inside the cytoplasm using ABAQUS 6.10 CAE, powerful finite element software and the results obtained from simulation shows current flow healthy yeast and dead yeast cells are 1·9nA and 34pA respectively whereas the value of the current measured for the leukaemia affected blood cell is 21·2nA, being 2% less than the White Blood Cell (WBC). Since the conductivity of the cytoplasm of the healthy cell is theoretically higher than that of dead or infected cell, which is verified by simulation. The results from simulation show that the measured cell current from liver tumour cell is 2-7 times larger than healthy liver cell including membrane as it is supposed to be since the conductivity of cell including cell membrane is theoretically greater for dead or infected cell than healthy cell.
POTENTIAL OF BIOMASS TRANSFER TECHNOLOGIES IN SUSTAINING VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN THE WETLANDS (DAMBOS) OF EASTERN ZAMBIA

Farmers grow vegetables widely during the dry season in wetlands known locally as dambos in southern Africa. Declining soil fertility is one of the major factors limiting smallholder vegetable production in the dambos of eastern Zambia. An experiment was initiated with 43 farmers with the objective of assessing the agronomic and economic feasibility of foliar biomass of gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) and leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) for production of cabbage, onion and a subsequent maize crop during the dry season. The treatments were, on a dry-matter basis, 8 and 12 t ha−1 gliricidia, 12 t ha−1 leucaena and 10 t ha−1 manure+half the recommended fertilizer rate, inorganic fertilizer at recommended rate, and a control without any inputs. Direct field measurements and informal enquiries were used for evaluating the effects of different treatments. The highest cabbage and onion yields were obtained from manure+half-rate fertilizer application. The gliricidia biomass transfer technology produced cabbage, onion and maize yields comparable with the full fertilizer application. In both cabbage and onion, manure+fertilizer gave generally higher net incomes. Biomass transfer also recorded higher net incomes than the control, and required lower cash inputs than the fully fertilized crop. Net incomes of the biomass treatments were substantially reduced by the labour costs for pruning and incorporation of the biomass. The results indicate that the gliricidia biomass transfer technology could be used as an alternative to inorganic fertilizers for vegetable production in dambos.
Expression of sugarcane genes induced by inoculation with Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans

Several Brazilian sugarcane varieties have the ability to grow with little addition of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers, showing high contributions of Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF). A particular type of nitrogen-fixing association has been described in this crop, where endophytic diazotrophs such as Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and Herbaspirillum spp. colonize plant tissues without causing disease symptoms. In order to gain insight into the role played by the sugarcane in the interaction between this plant and endophytic diazotrophs, we investigated gene expression profiles of sugarcane plants colonized by G. diazotrophicus and H. rubrisubalbicans by searching the sugarcane expressed sequence tag SUCEST Database (http://sucest.lad.ic.unicamp.br/en/). We produced an inventory of sugarcane genes, candidates for exclusive or preferential expression during the nitrogen-fixing association. This data suggests that the host plant might be actively involved in the establishment of the interaction with G. diazotrophicus and H. rubrisubalbicans.
Protein kinase TTK interacts and co-localizes with CENP-E to the kinetochore of human cells

Spindle checkpoint is an important biochemical signaling cascade during mitosis which monitors the fidelity of chromosome segregation, and is mediated by protein kinases Mps1 and Bub1/BubR1. Our recent studies show that kinesin-related motor protein CENP-E interacts with BubR1 and participates in spindle checkpoint signaling. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying spindle checkpoint signaling, we carried out proteomic dissection of human cell kinetochore and revealed protein kinase TTK, human homologue of yeast Mps1. Our studies show that TTK is localized to the kinetochore of human cells, and interacts with CENP-E, suggesting that TTK may play an important role in chromosome segregation during mitosis.
Understanding Smolt Survival Trends in Sockeye Salmon

Abstract Many populations of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in the eastern North Pacific Ocean experienced significant productivity declines that began about 1990, but there is no consensus on the mechanisms responsible. To better understand Sockeye Salmon survival trends, we examined the 50-year time series for two age-classes of Sockeye Salmon smolts from Chilko Lake in central British Columbia. Arranging survival time series for both age-classes by ocean entry year and combining them, weighted by a proxy model of sampling variance, reduced the sampling variance in the original age-1 smolt survivals sufficiently to indicate a linear trend of increasing survival from 1960 to 1990 that suddenly changed at or near 1991 to a lower and declining trend from 1992 to 2008. Neither density nor mean length influenced smolt survival. Returns in a given year were not good predictors of siblings returning in subsequent years. Time spent at sea increased linearly beginning around 1970. Although smolt survivals differed between ecosystem regimes, there was only the one clear pattern break about 1991. To improve our understanding of mechanisms, survival trends were compared with environmental indices that included catches and hatchery releases of potentially competing salmon from around the North Pacific Ocean. Smolt survivals were more similar to abundance indices of Sockeye Salmon, Chum Salmon O. keta, and Pink Salmon O. gorbuscha than to indices of global, regional, or local ocean climate. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that salmon productivity in the North Pacific declined soon after 1990. We present a simple model to illustrate how increased competition at sea, related to the release of large numbers of hatchery salmon, in conjunction with changes in ocean productivity, may have played a significant role in improving Sockeye Salmon survivals while reducing their growth before 1991. After 1991, these factors may have acted to reduce survivals while the growth of survivors showed no effect.
How Does Financial Inclusion Optimize Bank Savings? a Moderating Function of Financial Literacy

— The importance of financial literacy, savings, and financial inclusion to financial development has long been recognized. Financial inclusion represents effective access to financial services, while financial literacy represents people basic knowledge on financial management. A good score of literacy and inclusion is expected to improve people's engagement in banking services. This research examines how financial literacy mediates the relationship between financial inclusion and bank savings. By using province-level data taken from the Indonesian Financial Authority and Indonesian Central Bank, this paper finds empirical evidence that the positive impact of financial inclusion to total savings is mediated by financial literacy. These findings reflect the power of financial education not only in improving people’s awareness of financial services but also stimulating people to act and save their money on the formal institution instead of saving their money under the pillow. Moreover, it induced financial institutions to strive for broader and more extensive services that led to higher financial inclusion. This result supports the collaborative importance of both financial inclusion and financial literacy.
Demographic Parameters of Rural and Urban Adult Resident Canada Geese in Georgia

Abstract In many urban metropolitan areas, resident Canada goose (Branta canadensis) populations have grown to nuisance levels in spite of increasing harvest opportunity. To document differences in demographic parameters between urban and rural geese, I estimated probabilities of survival, recapture, recovery, and fidelity for adult resident Canada geese between 2001 and 2006 using banding, live recapture, and dead recovery data from 2 distinct banding locations in Georgia, USA. Adult survival rates were higher for urban geese (0.958, SE = 0.020) than for rural geese (0.682, SE = 0.049). Using estimated recovery probabilities of 0.505 (SE = 0.107) for urban and 0.463 (SE = 0.045) for rural geese, along with current estimates of crippling loss and reporting rate, the estimated mean harvest rate for urban geese was 0.029 (SE = 0.006) and for rural geese was 0.202 (SE = 0.020). Fidelity rates were similar between urban (0.730, SE = 0.033) and rural geese (0.713, SE = 0.069). This information suggests that urban segments of the Canada goose population have substantially higher survival than rural geese and are harvested at a very low rate, and that liberalizing hunting regulations may have little impact on Georgia's urban goose population. Wildlife managers may need to consider options other than sport hunting to control nuisance goose populations in urban areas.
Exploring Migration Data Using Interval-Censored Time-to-Event Models

Abstract Ecologists and wildlife biologists rely on periodic observation of radiocollared animals to study habitat use, survival, movement, and migration, resulting in response times (e.g., mortality and migration) known only to occur within an interval of time. We illustrate methods for analyzing interval-censored data using data on the timing of fall migration (from spring-summer-fall to winter ranges) for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in northern Minnesota, USA, during years 1991–1992 to 2005–2006. We compare both nonparametric and parametric methods for estimating the cumulative distribution function of migration times, and we suggest a parametric (cure rate) model that accounts for conditional (facultative) migrators as a potential alternative to traditional parametric models. Lastly, we illustrate methods for exploring the effect of environmental covariates on migration timing. Models with time-dependent covariates (snow depth, temp) were sensitive to the treatment of the data (as interval-censored or known event times), suggesting the need to account for interval-censoring when modeling the effect of these covariates.
FINN-R: An End-to-End Deep-Learning Framework for Fast Exploration of Quantized Neural Networks

Convolutional Neural Networks have rapidly become the most successful machine learning algorithm, enabling ubiquitous machine vision and intelligent decisions on even embedded computing-systems. While the underlying arithmetic is structurally simple, compute and memory requirements are challenging. One of the promising opportunities is leveraging reduced-precision representations for inputs, activations and model parameters. The resulting scalability in performance, power efficiency and storage footprint provides interesting design compromises in exchange for a small reduction in accuracy. FPGAs are ideal for exploiting low-precision inference engines leveraging custom precisions to achieve the required numerical accuracy for a given application. In this article, we describe the second generation of the FINN framework, an end-to-end tool which enables design space exploration and automates the creation of fully customized inference engines on FPGAs. Given a neural network description, the tool optimizes for given platforms, design targets and a specific precision. We introduce formalizations of resource cost functions and performance predictions, and elaborate on the optimization algorithms. Finally, we evaluate a selection of reduced precision neural networks ranging from CIFAR-10 classifiers to YOLO-based object detection on a range of platforms including PYNQ and AWS\,F1, demonstrating new unprecedented measured throughput at 50TOp/s on AWS-F1 and 5TOp/s on embedded devices.
Caribbean damselfish with varying territory quality: correlated behaviors but not a syndrome

The behavioral syndrome hypothesis suggests that individual animals within a population behave differently due to specific behavioral types, and these should be consistent across behaviors or in different contexts. In contrast, for animals that live within an environment in which territory quality can change over time, natural selection should have favored behavioral flexibility and modulation of the cost of defense in relation to territory quality. This would require assessment of the territory followed by displays of appropriate types and intensities of behavior. We examined the territorial behavior of male beaugregory damselfish (Stegastes leucostictus) by enhancing territory quality using artificial breeding sites and comparing their behavior to males on lower quality natural sites. When male fish were defending high-quality artificial territories, they had higher levels of aggression toward male conspecifics and courtship toward females than when on low-quality natural territories. We also found that aggression and courtship behaviors were correlated on natural sites but not on artificial sites. Behaviors were not correlated within individuals when males switched from natural to artificial territories or from artificial to natural territories. These results indicate that males assess their current territories and adjust behaviors accordingly and that courtship and aggressive behaviors are not linked within a permanent behavioral syndrome. Copyright 2009, Oxford University Press.
Lactose Solubility and Crystal Growth as Affected by Mineral Impurities

Single crystal growth method was applied to determine lactose solubility, growth rate and morphology of lactose crystals grown in model lactose solutions containing various salts and in whey ultrafiltration (UF) permeate solutions. Salts either increased or decreased the lactose crystal growth rate, due to effects on lactose solubility. Addition of LiCl led to a maximum increase in growth rate and a maximum decrease in lactose solubility, while K2HPO4 had opposite effects. Growth rates of individual lactose crystals in whey UF permeate solutions were lower and lactose solubility higher than those in pure lactose solutions.
Managing microbially-mediated nitrogen cycling to decrease risk of loss from semi-arid rainfed agricultural soils

iv In comparison, management of N loss through additional crop residue inputs was unlikely to be effective, as increased soil organic matter enhanced the supply of both C and N substrates and N cycling overall. At temperatures above 30 °C, net N mineralisation was associated with decreased microbial C use efficiency, likely contributing to increases in inorganic N pools during summer fallow. Seasonal variation in ammonia-oxidising microorganisms and their relationships to other soil biogeochemical properties (microbial biomass C, dissolved organic C, ammonium, nitrate and potentially mineralisable N) were then investigated in all five field treatments that were sampled on ten occasions over a two year period. Bacterial and archaeal amoA gene abundances were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction at these time points. Ammonia-oxidising bacteria regulated nitrification in the surface of this soil rather than ammonia-oxidising archaea. Collaborative research supported this conclusion: abundance of ammonia-oxidising bacteria was greater in surface soil (0–10 cm) than in subsoil (10–90 cm) and was correlated to gross nitrification, while abundance of ammonia-oxidising archaea was greater in subsoil than in surface soil and had no relationship to gross nitrification. Growth of ammonia-oxidising bacteria was correlated to increased nitrate pools during summer fallow, potentially increasing the risk of N loss by leaching in the first rains of the following growing season. A nitrification inhibitor, nitrapyrin, was evaluated for its ability to control nitrification of N released from soil organic matter mineralisation at high soil temperature (20 and 40 °C), in tilled soil or tilled soil plus crop residues. The soil was wet-up from dry and subsequently either held at optimal water content, or allowed to dry. Nitrapyrin
Structure and Organization of an Amazonian Forest Bird Community

To help fill the gap in detailed knowledge of avian community structure in tropical forests, we undertook a census of a 97—ha plot of floodplain forest in Amazonian Peru. The plot was censused over a 3—mo period spanning the 1982 breeding season. The cooperative venture entailed ≈12 person—months of effort. Conventional spot—mapping was the principal method used, but several additional methods were required to estimate the numbers of non—territorial and group—living species: direct counts of the members of mixed flocks, saturation mist—netting of the entire plot, opportunistic visual registrations at fruiting trees, determination of the average size of parrot flocks, color banding of colonial icterids, etc. Two hundred forty—five resident species were found to hold territories on the plot, or to occupy all or part of it. Seventy—four additional species were detected as occasional—to—frequent visitors, wanderers from other habitats, or as migrants from both hemispheres. By superimposing territory maps or t.
Is catch-per-unit-effort proportional to abundance?

We compiled 297 series of catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) and independent abundance data (as estimated by research trawl surveys) and used observation error and random effects models to test the hypothesis that CPUE is pro- portional to true abundance. We used a power curve, for which we were interested in the shape parameter ( ). There was little difference among species, ages, or gear types in the distributions of the raw estimates of for each CPUE series. We examined three groups: cod, flatfish, and gadiformes, finding strong evidence that CPUE was most likely to remain high while abundance declines (i.e., hyperstability, where < 1). The range in the mean of the random effects distribution for was quite small, 0.64-0.75. Cod showed the least hyperstability, but still, 76% of the mass of the ran - dom effects distribution was below 1. Based on simulations, our estimates of are positively biased by approximately 10%; this should be considered in the application of our findings here. We also considered the precision of CPUE indi- ces through a meta-analysis of observation error variances. The most precise indices were those from flatfish (median coefficient of variation of 0.42). Resume : La compilation de 297 series de donnees de capture par unite d'effort (CPUE) et des donnees independantes d'abondance (estimees par des inventaires scientifiques au chalut) ainsi que l'utilisation de modeles d'erreur d'observation et d'effets aleatoires nous ont permis de verifier l'hypothese que la CPUE est proportionnelle a l'abondance reelle. Nous avons utilise une courbe exponentielle, dont nous etions interesses au parametre de forme ( ). Il y a peu de difference entre les especes, les âges ou les engins de peche en ce qui concerne la distribution des esti- mations brutes de pour chaque serie de CPUE. Chez les trois groupes examines, les morues, les poissons plats et les gadiformes, i lyad efortes indications que la CPUE a une grande probabilite de rester elevee alors que l'abondance decline (i.e., une hyperstabilite, lorsque < 1). L'etendue de la moyenne de la distribution des effets aleatoires pour est tres faible, 0,64-0,75. Ce sont les morues qui montrent le moins d'hyperstabilite; neanmoins, 76% de la masse de la distribution des effets aleatoires est inferieure a 1. D'apres nos simulations, les estimations de sont surestimees d'environ 10%, ce qui doit pris en compte dans l'application de nos resultats. Nous avons aussi examine la precision des indices de CPUE a l'aide d'une meta-analyse des variances des erreurs d'observation. Les indices les plus precis sont ceux des poissons plats (coefficient median de variation de 0,42).
In vitro antioxidant property of Laticiferous plant species from western Ghats Tamilnadu, India

Purpose: To determine the antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of the ethanol and aqueous extracts from roots of Carissa carandas and Pergularia daemia in various in vitro systems. Methods: Reducing power, DPPH radical, superoxide radical, nitric oxide radical and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assays were carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the ethanol and aqueous extracts from roots of C. carandas and P. daemia. Total phenolic content and total flavonoids were also evaluated. Results: In the DPPH radical scavenging assay the IC50 values were 178.84 and 169.39 μg/ml for ethanol extract of C. carandas and P. daemia respectively. In the nitric oxide radical scavenging assay the ethanol extract of P. daemia showed maximum percentage inhibition (65.14±0.0115), while the aqueous extract of P. daemia exhibited least percentage inhibition (62.69±0.0461) on superoxide radical scavenging, when compared with other extracts. The aqueous extract of C. carandas and P. daemia exhibited 50% scavenging activity at 208.07 and 243.09 μg/ml on H2O2 radical. The reducing power of the extracts increased dose dependently. All the extracts exhibited significant antioxidant (p < 0.01) activity. Conclusion: The extracts of the roots of C. carandas nd P. daemia possess antioxidant properties and could serve as free radical inhibitors or scavengers. Keywords: Carissa carandas; Pergularia daemia; Free radicals; Antioxidant; Phenolic compounds.
Controlled Spawning of Longnose Darters

Abstract Temperature (5–25°C) and photoperiod (daylight of 10–14 h) were manipulated to induce spawning in groups and individual pairs of longnose darters Percina nasuta. The fish were maintained in tanks for up to 6 years and were fed blackworms, zooplankton, and aquatic insects harvested from hatchery ponds. The fish were spawned four times between June 1994 and February 1996. Eight females released over 3,400 eggs, of which 73% were deposited on Spawntex mats. Various incubation methods were used, and 706 fry (20% hatch) were produced. Fry were offered brine shrimp Artemia sp. , copepods, and cladocerans (0.053–0.212 mm in diameter) and rotifers (0.053–0.106 mm in diameter) under various culture conditions. Mortality of fry was 100% within 9 d.
Pelage Variation in Marmosa incana (Didelphidae, Marsupialia) with notes on taxonomy

Described and analysed pelage patterns of Marmosa incana, on the basis of museum specimens over the whole geographic range of the species. Three pelage types were identified by the length and texture of the dorsal hairs. Consistent occurrence of these pelage types in different age and sex classes along the year refute previous hypotheses of geographic Variation and pelage seasonality and point to an intrinsic determination of the pelage types. The taxonomic Status of the forms formerly included in Tate's (1933) incana section is discussed and possible causes of sexual dimorphism in pelage are surveyed.