Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hellas Planitia, Mars - Site of net dust erosion and implications for the nature of basin floor deposits

Hellas Planitia, located within an enclosed basin which includes the lowest topography on Mars, appears to be undergoing net erosion. Dust is removed from the basin. It probably contributes to global dust storms and should leave behind a coarse lag. The particle size distributions and particularly the rock or boulder populations in this lag might be useful for distinguishing between processes which formed the lithologic units that comprise Hellas Planitia. This report concludes that the abundance of rock particles larger than coarse sand is very low. Although this hypothesis awaits confirmation from forthcoming spacecraft data, the origins for Hellas floor deposits favored by this study are indurated volcanic airfall or ancient loess, lacustrine deposits, and some types of volcanic mud flows. The conclusions of this study tend to disfavor such geologic processes as blocky lava flows, glacial deposits (e.g., moraines), or boulder-laden catastrophic flood outwash.
Algorithmic aspects of some vertex ordering problems

Combinatorial Optimization problems play central role in applied mathematics and computer science. A particular class of combinatorial optimization problems is vertex ordering problems whose goal is to find an ordering on vertices of an input graph in such way that a certain objective cost is optimized. This thesis focuses on three different vertex ordering problems. First, we consider a variant of Directed Feedback Arc Set problem with applications in computational biology. We present an efficient heuristic algorithm for this problem. Next, we concentrate on parameterized complexity of Minimum Linear Arrangement problem while the parameter is size of vertex cover. We formulate the problem as Quadratic Integer Programming and propose two new techniques to tackle the problem. Finally, we introduce a vertex ordering problem on bipartite graphs with applications in different areas. We give a general algorithmic strategy for the problem, as well as, polynomial-time algorithms for three classes of graphs.
A Scalar Relativistic Full-Potential LCAO Method

We present a new scalar relativistic formulation for the full-potential linear-combination-of-atomic-orbitals method based on the density-functional theory. Three approximations are introduced to overcome computational difficulty. The first is to consider only the large component of the four-component spinor, neglecting the small component. The second is to neglect the energy dependence in the Hamiltonian reduced for the large component. The third is to replace the material-dependent potential with the atomic potential in relativistic corrections. After the three approximations, we identify the mass-velocity and Darwin terms and also the spin-orbit coupling, where the latter is to be omitted according to the definition of the scalar relativistic formulation. The computational effort of the present method is reduced considerably in comparison with that of the fully relativistic method, being almost the same as that of the nonrelativistic method. We apply the present method within the local-density approxim.
Deadwood biomass: an underestimated carbon stock in degraded tropical forests?

Despite a large increase in the area of selectively logged tropical forest worldwide, the carbon stored in deadwood across a tropical forest degradation gradient at the landscape scale remains poorly documented. Many carbon stock studies have either focused exclusively on live standing biomass or have been carried out in primary forests that are unaffected by logging, despite the fact that coarse woody debris (deadwood with ≥10 cm diameter) can contain significant portions of a forest’s carbon stock. We used a field-based assessment to quantify how the relative contribution of deadwood to total above-ground carbon stock changes across a disturbance gradient, from unlogged old-growth forest to severely degraded twice-logged forest, to oil palm plantation. We measured in 193 vegetation plots (25 × 25 m), equating to a survey area of >12 ha of tropical humid forest located within the Stability of Altered Forest Ecosystems Project area, in Sabah, Malaysia. Our results indicate that significant amounts of carbon are stored in deadwood across forest stands. Live tree carbon storage decreased exponentially with increasing forest degradation 7–10 years after logging while deadwood accounted for >50% of above-ground carbon stocks in salvage-logged forest stands, more than twice the proportion commonly assumed in the literature. This carbon will be released as decomposition proceeds. Given the high rates of deforestation and degradation presently occurring in Southeast Asia, our findings have important implications for the calculation of current carbon stocks and sources as a result of human-modification of tropical forests. Assuming similar patterns are prevalent throughout the tropics, our data may indicate a significant global challenge to calculating global carbon fluxes, as selectively-logged forests now represent more than one third of all standing tropical humid forests worldwide.
Molecular basis of AvrXa7 mediated virulence in bacterial blight of rice

Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to protect against microbial invaders of which resistance genes (R) are an important component. R genes mediate specific recognition of pathogens possessing cognate avirulence (avr) gene products, which leads to the induction of plant defense responses and the arrest of pathogen ingress. In contrast to numerous examples of R gene–avr interactions, the susceptible interaction is less well examined. Recent studies on rice and wheat indicate that host resistance to pathogens also involves genetic variability in dominant traits for susceptibility. Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial blight disease in rice, a serious threat in major rice growing regions of Asia. The pathogenicity of Xoo depends on the translocation of a cocktail of effector proteins into rice cells by a type III secretion system. The family of transcription activator like (TAL) effectors is the most intriguing due to their eukaryotic features and their function as major virulence determinants. The specificity of the effectors is determined by the nearly identical repeat units at the center of each protein. The major virulence determinant of the strain PXO99A is PthXo1, and this effector hijacks the transcription of the host susceptibility (S) gene Os8N3, an allele of recessive resistance gene xa13. The strains that overcome xa13-mediated resistance harbor alternate major TAL effectors including PthXo2, PthXo3 and AvrXa7. Alternate effectors do not induce Os8N3. This study identified the alternate S gene Os11N3, which is dependent on the effectors AvrXa7 and PthXo3. The effectors bind to specific elements in the proximal promoter regions of the respective S genes and act as transcriptional activators. Our results suggest that Rice–Xoo interaction also involve gene-for-gene susceptibility to bacterial blight in addition to gene-for-gene resistance. MOLECULAR BASIS OF avrXa7 MEDIATED VIRULENCE IN BACTERIAL BLIGHT OF RICE
SHP: Smooth Hypocycloidal Paths with Collision-Free and Decoupled Multi-Robot Path Planning

Generating smooth and continuous paths for robots with collision avoidance, which avoid sharp turns, is an important problem in the context of autonomous robot navigation. This paper presents novel smooth hypocycloidal paths (SHP) for robot motion. It is integrated with collision-free and decoupled multi-robot path planning. An SHP diffuses (i.e., moves points along segments) the points of sharp turns in the global path of the map into nodes, which are used to generate smooth hypocycloidal curves that maintain a safe clearance in relation to the obstacles. These nodes are also used as safe points of retreat to avoid collision with other robots. The novel contributions of this work are as follows: (1) The proposed work is the first use of hypocycloid geometry to produce smooth and continuous paths for robot motion. A mathematical analysis of SHP generation in various scenarios is discussed. (2) The proposed work is also the first to consider the case of smooth and collision-free path generation for a load carrying robot. (3) Traditionally, path smoothing and collision avoidance have been addressed as separate problems. This work proposes integrated and decoupled collision-free multi-robot path planning. ‵Node caching‵ is proposed to improve efficiency. A decoupled approach with local communication enables the paths of robots to be dynamically changed. (4) A novel ‵multi-robot map update‵ in case of dynamic obstacles in the map is proposed, such that robots update other robots about the positions of dynamic obstacles in the map. A timestamp feature ensures that all the robots have the most updated map. Comparison between SHP and other path smoothing techniques and experimental results in real environments confirm that SHP can generate smooth paths for robots and avoid collision with other robots through local communication.
Competition and Actorhood: A Further Expansion of the Neo-institutional Agenda

Zusammenfassung Der Fokus dieses Beitrags liegt auf der Entwicklung eines neo-institutionalistischen Verstandnisses der sozialen Konstruktion von Wettbewerb sowie auf Auswirkungen des Wettbewerbs auf Organisationen. Ausgangspunkt ist die Vernachlassigung von Wettbewerbsthemen im Neo-Institutionalismus. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden Ideen zur Konzeptualisierung von Wettbewerb aus einer makro-soziologischen und konstruktivistischen Ausrichtung des Neo-Institutionalismus vorgestellt. Entsprechend dieser Perspektive sind Wettbewerbsakteure Resultate andauernder Konstruktionsprozesse. Die Figur des „Anderen“ – um ein Konzept von George Herbert Mead zu beleihen, das eine grosse Rolle im neo-institutionalistischen Denken spielt – ist dabei von entscheidender Bedeutung. Diese “Anderen” konnen einen Sinn fur Wettbewerb in Gebieten entfalten, die ehedem nicht durch Wettbewerb gepragt waren. Es wird argumentiert, dass Wettbewerb-Settings Vergleichshorizonte eroffnen und dass sie zur wechselseitigen Beobachtung sowie.
The Dynamics of an Employer Brand. How culture can be used as a Managerial Control Mechanism

The aim of this article is to provide an understanding of how management can work strategically to improve an employer brand. This study is conducted at a municipally owned company in Sweden, which operates in the entertainment and experience industry. By studying the cultural ambiguities in this organization, we can understand how the dynamics of culture continuously shape and reshape the organizational identity through organizational actors. This study shows the tensions between how employees influence cultural processes through their social interactions, while management attempts to steer the organizational culture and identity through the use of normative control. This study contributes to managerial implications of how managers can take strategic actions to influence organizational culture and identity, and thereby influence the employer brand. Based on this study, we have developed the figure “The Pendulum Dynamics of an Employer Brand”, which illustrates our findings in relation to relevant theories. This figure can be used as an analytic tool for future research within employer branding, in order to find out how managers can affect and improve an employer brand.
Nesting Habitat Creation Enhances Recruitment in a Predator‐Free Environment: Malaclemys Nesting at the Paul S. Sarbanes Ecosystem Restoration Project

Aquatic turtles worldwide are plagued with habitat loss due to development and shoreline alteration that destroys the terrestrial–aquatic linkage which they must cross to reproduce successfully. Furthermore, nesting habitat loss can concentrate nesting, increasing nest predator efficiency. We describe how the Paul S. Sarbanes Ecosystem Restoration Project at Poplar Island created nesting habitat for Malaclemys terrapin (Diamondback Terrapin), and document nesting success in response to construction progress and the absence of raccoons and foxes, the primary nest predators. We monitored terrapin nests throughout the nesting seasons from 2002 to 2011 to determine overall and within‐nest survivorship. Female terrapins began nesting on the restoration project within 1 year but planned construction during the study eliminated some nesting areas and opened previously inaccessible areas. Overall, nest survivorship was considerably higher than mainland nesting areas due to the absence of raccoons and foxes on the island and within‐nest survivorship was similar. Egg size, hatchling size, and the frequency of shell scute anomalies were similar to other terrapin populations, suggesting normal developmental conditions on the island. We documented annual variation in hatchling size that correlated negatively with mean air temperature during the incubation season. Our results indicate that restored or created isolated island habitat can be located rapidly by terrapins and can become an important source of recruitment in regions where nesting habitat is limited and predation is high. Poplar Island illustrates how habitat loss and restoration can affect turtle populations by revealing the changes in nesting patterns and success in newly created, predator‐free habitat.
Using the Model Driven Architecture Approach To Manage the expenses

This paper is about The conception and the realization of applications and Dashboard for the management of the spending and expenses of urban districts in Morocco. As so, we have chosen to use the N-tiers applications and the MDA (Model Driving Architecture) transformation. In this paper we are going to present a model-driven approach to the development of N-tiers web applications based on the UML class diagram. The transformation language is the MOF 2.0 QVT (Meta-Object Facility 2.0 Query-View-Transformation) standard which defines the meta-model for the development of model transformation. The transformation rules defined in this paper can generate, from the class diagram, an XML file containing the layers of N-tiers web application respecting a MVC2 (Model-View-Controller), DI (Dependency Injection) and DAO (Data Access Object) patterns. This file can be used to generate the end-to-end necessary code of a web application
Imputing consumption from Norwegian income and wealth registry data

Data on consumption expenditure of the household is essential in a wide array of economic research. This includes both topics in micro as well as macroeconomics. However, obtaining a consistent and precise measure of household consumption has proven notoriously difficult. This paper documents a method for computing a longitudinal consumption measure for Norwegian households from administrative records of income and wealth. Expenditure surveys tend to suffer from limited sample sizes and underrepresentation of high-income households. Administrative data does not have such limitations and offers a much larger sample with better coverage of all household types. This is particularly useful for improving the measurement of heterogeneity in consumption behavior.
Hysteresis response of daytime net ecosystem exchange during drought

Abstract. Continuous measurements of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) using the eddy-covariance method were made over an agricultural ecosystem in the southeastern US. During optimum environmental conditions, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was the primary driver controlling daytime NEE, accounting for as much as 67 to 89% of the variation in NEE. However, soil water content became the dominant factor limiting the NEE-PAR response during the peak growth stage. NEE was significantly depressed when high PAR values coincided with very low soil water content. The presence of a counter-clockwise hysteresis of daytime NEE with PAR was observed during periods of water stress. This is a result of the stomatal closure control of photosynthesis at high vapor pressure deficit and enhanced respiration at high temperature. This result is significant since this hysteresis effect limits the range of applicability of the Michaelis-Menten equation and other related expressions in the determination of daytime NEE as a function of PAR. The systematic presence of hysteresis in the response of NEE to PAR suggests that the gap-filling technique based on a non-linear regression approach should take into account the presence of water-limited field conditions. Including this step is therefore likely to improve current evaluation of ecosystem response to increased precipitation variability arising from climatic changes.
Corporate Social Responsibility, Client Satisfaction and Competitive Advantage in Retail Banking Institutions in Kenya

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) plays a very important role in organizational development. Studies have shown that institutions that embrace this concept reap many benefits including customer loyalty, positive attitudes towards brands, client trust, positive publicity and better financial performance. Increased spending on CSR initiatives is expected to increase customer satisfaction and build competitive advantage. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the role of CSR initiatives in building customer satisfaction and competitive advantage. It specifically focuses on customer-centric, corporate philanthropy and employee-centered activities of CSR and their contribution to customer satisfaction and competitive advantage. The paper draws largely from various academic literature by examining the early reflections of various scholars on CSR and linking
The Socio-technical Borderland of Interaction

In step with a greater demand for information quality and business capabilities, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have gained a pivotal role in today’s organizations and have thus been researched extensively. However, there is still a relative lack of ERP studies concerning themselves with the post-implementation phase of the system’s life-cycle. Research has been preoccupied with implementation studies which have a tendency to ’take the system for granted’ and view it as a stable phenomenon or a black box after it has been implemented. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the social and the technical system of an ERP landscape interact post-implementation, and seek the answer to how this network achieves and loses stability. With the help of Actor-Network Theory (ANT), and the concept of translation (Callon, 1984), our single case study of a large multinational company was able to show how these systems never truly stabilizes because of changing technology and interests, but that it is possible to achieve temporary stability by forcefully locking and consequently silencing the actors. It was also shown how this treatment of actors could induce weak irreversibility into the network and how the price for temporary stability had to be paid a-plenty at a later stage.
Analysis of Diet and Biochemical Composition of Nile Tilapia (O. niloticus)from Tekeze Reservoir and Lake Hashenge, Ethiopia

A study was conducted to investigate the biochemical composition and diet type of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) collected from Tekeze reservoir and Lake Hashenge, Ethiopia between December, 2014 and March, 2015. A total 100 fishes were collected from the two water bodies 50 from each by gill nets of 10, 12 and 14 cm stretched mesh size. The stomach contents were analyzed using frequency of occurrence and numerical methods. The food items in the stomach covered a wide variety, ranging from various types of phytoplankton to zooplankton and macrophytes. The food composition of O. niloticus showed that, there was variation within the fish species across the study areas. The major food items in terms of frequency of occurrence collected from the stomach of O. niloticus in Tekeze reservoir were Pediastrum (68.85%), Microcystis (60.45%), Peridinium (59.70%) and Staurastrum (41.56%) and from Lake Hashenge were Daphnia (63.12%), Copepods spp (56.90%), Nauplii (52.11%), and Macrophytes (45.56%). The contribution of zooplankton (Daphnia, copepods and Nauplii) was higher in case of Lake Hashenge but Pediastrum spp. , Microcysts spp. and Peridinium spp. which were phytoplankton type were the dominant food items of the fish in Tekeze Reservoir. The fish species from the water bodies were transported to the laboratory for the estimation of biochemical composition such as crude protein, crude fat, moisture, ash, carbohydrate and some minerals. The chemical analysis revealed that the crude protein content of the fish species collected from the two water bodies were ranged from 15.31-16.32% of wet weight. The crude fat content and ash ranged between 1.20 and 2.45, 0.81 and 1.16% of the wet weight, correspondingly. The concentrations of some elements were significantly different (P Na>Ca>Mg>P>Fe>Zn>Cu>Mn. This investigation is an important measure towards the data needed to create information of the relationship between food type and biochemical composition. As the present study revealed that the fish species are good sources proteins and fats, there is need to investigate in detail the types of amino acids and fatty acids of the sampled fishes.
Research Online Research Online Exploring the Switching Costs-Behavioural Loyalty Relationship amongst Exploring the Switching Costs-Behavioural Loyalty Relationship amongst Dissatisfied Customers in the B2B Services Sector Dissatisfied Customers in the B2B Services Sector

Abstract This paper presents a research model to explore the mediating effects of dependence and commitment on the relationship between switching costs and behavioural loyalty, and the moderating role of criticality of purchase in the relationship between dependence and commitment in the B2B services sector. While studies have recognised the mediating role of dependence and commitment on relational intentions, there is no research identified that investigates mediating or moderating roles under conditions of dissatisfaction in the B2B services sector. We attempt to fill this knowledge gap by contributing to a better understanding of how customer loyalty towards service providers is formed under a troubled or dysfunctional relationship. Abstract This paper presents a research model to explore the mediating effects of dependence and commitment on the relationship between switching costs and behavioural loyalty, and the moderating role of criticality of purchase in the relationship between dependence and commitment in the B2B services sector. While studies have recognised the mediating role of dependence and commitment on relational intentions, there is no research identified that investigates mediating or moderating roles under conditions of dissatisfaction in the B2B services sector. We attempt to fill this knowledge gap by contributing to a better understanding of how customer loyalty towards service providers is formed under a troubled or dysfunctional relationship.