Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategic placement for beneficial use of dredged material

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency are changing their perception of dredged material, from a byproduct of the dredging process to a valuable resource. The negative perception of navigation dredged material is codified under the 1972 Clean Water Act Section 502, which specifically defines “dredge spoils” as a pollutant, along with solid waste, sewage, and garbage. However, navigation dredged material is typically a mixture of sand, silt, clay, and possibly gravel. These sediments resources are critical to controlling flood risks and providing environmental benefits. This document provides details regarding the use of dredged material to support NNBF through strategic placement. Strategic placement is the process of placing sediment at one location with the expectation that hydrodynamic and possibly aerodynamic forces will transport specified classes of that sediment to desired locations. Strategic placement is a beneficial use option that may have less negative impact on the final receptor sites and often can be performed at a reduced cost when compared to direct placement (such as beach nourishment). Cost controls are critical to developing sustainable dredged sediment management plans that address the Federal Standard, which guides the disposal and placement of dredged material. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR. ERDC/CHL SR-19-3 iii
Aeroplane detection from high-resolution remotely sensed imagery using bag-of-visual-words based hough forests

ABSTRACT This paper presents a rotation-invariant method for detecting aeroplanes from high-resolution remotely sensed images. First, a superpixel-based strategy is proposed to generate salient and distinctive feature regions. Second, a bag-of-visual-words representation is adopted to characterize spectral statistical features of feature regions. Third, a multi-scale rotation-invariant Hough forest with embedded scale factors and orientation information is trained to cast rotation-invariant votes for estimating aeroplane centroids. Quantitative evaluations on the images collected from Google Earth service show that a completeness, correctness, quality, and F1-measure of 0.980, 0.973, 0.954, and 0.976, respectively, are obtained. Comparative studies with five existing methods also demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in accurately and correctly detecting arbitrarily-orientated and varying-sized aeroplanes.
Computational Complexity of Bi-clustering.

Bi-clustering, i.e. simultaneously clustering the rows and columns of matrices based on their entries, covers a large variety of techniques in data mining. The goal of all bi-clustering techniques is finding the partitions of the rows and the columns in which sub-rows and sub-columns show a similar behavior. Currently existing algorithms for bi-clustering problems are either heuristic, or try to solve approximations of the original problems. There is no efficient algorithm for exact bi-clustering problems. The computational complexity of bi-clustering problems depends on the exact problem formulation, and particularly on the merit function used to evaluate the quality of a given bi-clustering partition. The computational complexity of most of the common bi-clustering problems is unknown. In this thesis, we present a formal definition for the homogeneous cover problem. This problem has many applications from bio-informatics to targeted marketing. We analyze its computational complexity and show that the problem is NP-hard.
Health Risk Analysis of Heavy Metals (Cr, Fe, Hg & Ni) in Edible Vegetables in Yala Urban Area of Cross River State, Nigeria

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine concentration of heavy metals in the soil and edible vegetables planted consumed Yala Urban Area of Cross River State, Nigeria, ascertained the level of metals contamination and the possible health risk or implication. Sampling: Forty eight (48) soil and edible vegetable samples (6 of each kind of the 8 vegetables) were collected randomly from Yala Urban Area of Cross River State. The eight vegetables considered for the study were Amaranthus spp. , Corchorus olitorius, Murraya koenigii, Ocimum grattissimum, Solanum melongena, Talinum triangulare, Telferia occidentalis and Vernonia amygdalina. They were collected between January and March for dry season, and July and September for rainy season of the year. Methodology: The samples were digested and analyzed for the Cr, Fe, Hg and Ni (heavy metals) concentration using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) in the Chemistry Laboratory, University of Calabar. Results: The results showed that the mean concentration of the metals in the soil in mgkg-1 ranged from (0.063 - 0.108) and (0.049 - 0.104) in rainy and dry seasons respectively for Cr, and (0.026 - 0.124) and (0.013 - 0.119) in rainy and dry season respectively for Fe. The mean concentration accumulated by the vegetables ranged from (0.037- 0.063) and (0.029 - 0.066) in rainy and dry season respectively for Cr and (0.012- 0.071) and (0.008- 0.086) in rainy and dry season respectively. Hg and Ni were neither detected in the soil nor in the vegetables. The trend of the metals in both the soil and vegetable was in the order: Cr > Fe> Hg> Ni. The Target Hazard Quotients were all less than 1, indicating no health risk. Conclusion: These results suggest that there is no significant difference between the amount of metals in the soil or that accumulated by the vegetables in rainy and dry seasons of the year. Also the amount of metals accumulated by most of the vegetables was directly proportional to the amount present in the soil where they are planted. These results indicate that the concentration of Cr, Fe, Hg and Ni in the soil and vegetables were still low and within the permissible limits of WHO/FAO. Thus, the consumption of the vegetables in the area may not pose any risk at the moment.
Model and Control of Hybrid Hard-soft Robots Using Model Predictive Control

The compliance of soft robots contributes to excellent superiority over rigid robots in touching screens and human-machine interaction. Therefore, this paper designs a hybrid hard-soft touch robot that can be easily modeled and keeps softness and body compliance. We built a hybrid hard-soft robot that contains a six-axis robot and a soft tube attached at the end. A hybrid hard-soft touch robot means it combined a rigid part for moving and a soft part for touching. Based on the piecewise constant curvature model, the touch robot's kinematics model is established through the spinor theory and geometric method. Due to the redundancy of the robot's spatial motion, a predictive control method is proposed to solve the problem of redundant degrees of freedom. And it is used for trajectory tracking control. To complete the closed-loop control of the entire robot system, force feedback control and visual servo control are proposed. The experiment shows that the hybrid hard-soft robot has a fast response, and can adaptively perform pressing operations.
Impacts of Sea Level Rise and River Discharge on the Hydrodynamics Characteristics of Jakarta Bay (Indonesia)

Jakarta city has been vulnerable to sea level rise and flooding for many years. A Giant Seawall (GSW) was proposed in Jakarta Bay to protect the city. The impacts of sea level rise and river discharge on the tidal dynamics in Jakarta Bay and flooding areas in Jakarta city were investigated using the finite-volume coastal ocean model (FVCOM). Model results showed that the bay is diurnally dominated by the K1 tidal component. The diurnal tides propagate westward, while the semidiurnal tides propagate eastward in the bay. The rise of sea level increases the diurnal tidal component and the inundation areas due to the increased tidal forcing: when considering a sea level rise of 0.6 m, the K1 amplitude increases by ~1% (0.25 cm) near the coastline and the current magnitude increases by 16.6% (0.05 m/s). The inundation area increases with the sea level rise in the low land elevation areas occurring near the coastlines: the inundation area increased by 29.68 km2 (7.1%) with a sea level rise of 0.6 m. The increase of river discharge amplified the diurnal tidal component as well as the inundation areas at the river mouth due to increased fluvial forcing: if 10 times the mean river discharge occurs, the K1 amplitude increases by ~1% (0.25 cm) and the current magnitude increases by 100% (0.4 m/s), and the inundation areas increase by 26.61 km2 (6.2%). The K1 tidal phase remains almost unchanged under both the sea level rise and river discharge conditions. The combined increase of sea level rise and the river discharge amplifies the inundation areas and the tidal currents due to increased tidal and fluvial forcing. The construction of GSW would decrease the tidal prism and dissipation effects of the bay, thus slightly increasing the K1 amplitude of the tidal level: by less than 1% (0.2 cm). There would be no significant change of phase lag for the K1 component. Although this study is site specific, the findings could be applied more widely to any open-type bays.
Impact of Vegetation‐Generated Turbulence on the Critical, Near‐Bed, Wave‐Velocity for Sediment Resuspension

Laboratory experiments examined the impact of model vegetation on wave‐driven resuspension. Model canopies were constructed from cylinders with three diameters (d = 0.32, 0.64, and 1.26 cm) and 12 densities (cylinders/m2) up to a solid volume fraction (ϕ) of 10%. The sediment bed consisted of spherical grains with d50 = 85 μm. For each experiment, the wave velocity was gradually adjusted by increasing the amplitude of 2‐s waves in a stepwise fashion. A Nortek Vectrino sampled the velocity at z = 1.3 cm above the bed. The critical wave orbital velocity for resuspension was inferred from records of suspended sediment concentration (measured with optical backscatter) as a function of wave velocity. The critical wave velocity decreased with increasing solid volume fraction. The reduction in critical wave velocity was linked to stem‐generated turbulence, which, for the same wave velocity, increased with increasing solid volume fraction. The measured turbulence was consistent with a wave‐modified version of a stem‐turbulence model. The measurements suggested that a critical value of turbulent kinetic energy was needed to initiate resuspension, and this was used to define the critical wave velocity as a function of solid volume fraction. The model predicted the measured critical wave velocity for stem diameters d = 0.64 to 2 cm. Combining the critical wave velocity with an existing model for wave damping defined the meadow size for which wave damping would be sufficient to suppress wave‐induced sediment suspension within the interior of the meadow.
Visualization of geochemical simulation ensembler

Scientists use simulations to help understanding complex phenomena and processes when they are expensive, difficult or even impossible to reproduce as they occur in the real world. With the of increase of the computational power along the years, scientists were able to simulate more complex and longer phenomena, resulting in increasing volumes of data being produced. Then, they face larger and/or highly complex data sets to analyze. In some situations, scientists want to understand the behavior of their domain of interest in different conditions, and to do so they run multiple simulations with varying parameters. These simulations results constitute ensemble data sets, and analyzing these data sets demands both overview and detailed visual representations, as well as interactive and numerical features for exploration purposes. A specific problem domain that can use simulations ensembles is geochemistry, where scientists often want to study the interaction between water and rocks, which can give an understanding about the conditions oil reservoirs developed along millions of years. The goal of this work is to help geologists and geochemists to explore these complex data through an interactive visualization interface, so they can get insights to answer their questions about the simulated phenomena. We developed Geochemical Simulation Ensembles Visualization (GEVIs), a visualization tool, considering experts’ main tasks for exploring these data. The system was evaluated with a case study and experimental use by experts. Results from both evaluations suggest that GEVIs comply with the basic requirements users have regarding visualization of ensembles data sets.
Correlation Adaptive Compressive Sensing of Wireless Sensor Network

Correlation of wireless sensor network data is the foundation and premise of using compressive sensing theory to reconstruct the network data as well as the main basis for the design of network data reconstruction algorithm. However, various interferences of network data in practical transmission would result in consistent changes of correlation, thus lead to sharply aggravation of reconstruction performances in the existing compressive sensing theory. In order to improve the reliability and efficiency of compressive sensing of wireless sensor network data, a correlation adaptive reconstruction algorithm for network data is proposed. This algorithm first estimates the correlation of data to be reconstructed through iteration and then restores the data to be restructured using the two-step correlation test method of support elements. Compared to the previous reconstruction methods, correlation adaptive reconstruction method can greatly improve the reconstruction accuracy when the correlation of network data is changing.
Bioaugmentation and biostimulation technologies to bioremediate soils contaminated with herbicide mixtures

A Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, Agrobacterium radiobacter strain J14a, was isolated from an agricultural soil by enrichment using a minimal salts medium with citrate and sucrose as C sources and atrazine as its sole N source (BMA). J14a cells grown in BMA mineralized 94% of 50 μg mr [1 C-UL-ring]-atrazine in 72 hours with a concurrent increase in the population size from 6.2x10 cells mr to 3.6x10 cells mr• [ C]ethyl-side chain mineralization experiments showed that approximately 30% of the atrazine ethyl-side chain C was incorporated into J14a biomass. J14a cells grown in medium without C and N sources degraded atrazine, but the cell numbers did not increase. Metabolites produced by J14a during atrazine degradation include hydroxyatrazine (HA), deethylatrazine (DEA), and deethyl-hydroxyatrazine (DEHA). J14a cells grown in tryptic soy broth supplemented with 50 μg mr [1C-UL-ring]-atrazine mineralized only 64% in 72 hr, indicating that organic N in the TSB medium slowed ring mineralization. Addition of NH4N03 to BMA medium did not inhibit atrazine degradation. The bacterium produced the atrazine degrading enzymes constitutively and these enzymes remained intracellular during atrazine degradation. J14a also degraded the s-triazine herbicides ametryne, cyanazine, prometon, and simazine in N-limited medium. Addition of 10 J14a cells g· into a soil with low atrazine mineralization capabilities treated with 50 and 200 μg atrazine g· soil resulted in two to five times higher mineralization than the indigenous microorganisms. Sucrose addition did not result in significantly faster mineralization rates or shorten degradation lag times. However, J14a introduction (10 cells g·) into another soil with an indigenous atrazine-mineralizing population, reduced atrazine degradation lag times below those in non-inoculated treatments, but increased the total mineral ization only in the 50 μg atrazine g· soil supplemented with 1 % sucrose.
Crime Risks and Rural Routines: A Theoretical Examination of Guardianship Activities in Rural Areas

There is a considerable and growing literature on routine activities theory (Cohen and Felson, 1979) and, more specifically, the guardianship component of the theory (e.g., Reynald, 2009; 2010). Much of this literature is focused on urban and suburban contexts. The current paper examines the theoretical application of the guardianship concept in rural contexts. Given the different structures of daily routine activities, travel patterns, and other aspects of rural living, the manner in which guardianship works is likely to differ in rural contexts. Recommendations for theory and future research are discussed.
Design of a CO2 Removal Section Treating Very High Flue Gas Flowrates

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a technology that can be used to significantly reduce the gradual global increase in Earth warming. Several methods are available, with absorption by amine solvents being the most feasible and technologically mature. One possible successful application of this process is to the postcombustion removal of carbon dioxide from flue gas from power plants before its emission to the atmosphere. The design and optimization of this plant in order to minimize the power consumptions and the overall costs is of primary importance, in particular when dealing with very high gas flowrates to be treated. This paper aims at determining the best scheme of CO2 removal plant to be installed in a facility for power production in Italy which allows the lowest power and economic losses. Three different configurations with columns provided with trayed or packed internals have been considered and the analysis with a comparison of the schemes has been carried out. The assessment of the technical performance of the plant has been performed by employing a rigorous rate-based model in ASPEN Plus, and the selection of the scheme which minimizes the power losses has been made by comparison of the obtained results.
Comparing causal-noncausal alternation in three West-African families in contact: Atlantic, Mel and Mande

This paper investigates the coding of causal-noncausal alternation in three families of languages spoken in West Africa, studying divergence and convergence within and between these families along with various methodological problems related to this cross-linguistic comparison. Atlantic, Mande and Mel languages belong to the same Niger-Congo phylum but display quite different typological profiles and have long lasting historical contacts in Senegal and the surrounding areas. In order to evaluate the correlation between typological profile and valence orientation and to identify contact-induced changes, the same 18 verb-pair meanings (Nichols et al. 2004) have been retrieved from the RefLex lexical database for all the documented Atlantic languages, and for the Mande and Mel languages in contact with them. After overcoming a bias in the list of pairs (favoring causativization), the first results confirm the expected correlation between the favored strategies and the typological profiles, namely lability for Mande (isolating languages with a limited set of derivational suffixes and regularly labile verb) vs. derivational strategies for Atlantic and Mel languages (displaying a large inventory of verbal extensions). In addition, the equipollent strategy shows a surprisingly significant score in Atlantic and Mel, and the suppletive one in the three families. The first one is attributed to structural features of these languages, the second one is interpreted as an areal feature. A standard pattern of distribution of the five strategies for coding valence alternation (based on optimized samples of languages for overcoming data shortage) is then calculated for each family and used for measuring the deviation of individual languages from family pattern. Thanks to a fine-grained study taking into account the structural features of individual languages and the geographical contacts, these deviations are finally attributed to internal evolution of individual languages or of sub-groups of languages and, in a few cases, to contact induced changes. The most salient result is the remarkable heterogeneity observed inside Atlantic family for valence orientation, undoubtlessly reflecting the historical depth of the family.
Informatics system for concentration state analysis on the basis of a device operating in the brain – computer interface technology

The informatics system designed for the needs of the workgroup working at the Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Sciences of Opole University of Technology consisting of two applications, of which one is currently the most popular operating system in smart phones was described in the article. The objective of operation of the mobile application is connection of functionality of a device for electroencephalographic measurements with a daily used mobile phone. Thanks to applied connection in the form of an application it is possible to verify the concentration state of the particular person during execution of the particular action with the special consideration to the tasks, which require high concentration. Thanks to the elaborated mobile application we are able to determine the most effective daytime for learning and to draw the characteristics of the concentration loss time. The second application in the system is used as the synchronization server.
Evaluation of IP over Bluetooth

2 PREFACE . 3 INDEX.4 1 BACKGROUND.7 MOTIVATION . 7 THESIS SPECIFICATION . 9 THESIS MAIN TOPIC . 10 What to do? 10 CHALLENGES.11 THESIS STRUCTURE . 11 LITERATURE REVIEW . 12 2 THE BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION . 13 WHO HAS DEVELOPED THE BLUETOOTH STACK? 14 THE SIG SPECIFICATION IS DIVIDED IN TWO PARTS.15 BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW . 17 PICONETS AND SCATTERNET.18 RADIO INTERFACE . 19 Transmitter and Receiver requirements.20 BLUETOOTH BASEBAND . 21 ACL and SCO links . 21 Logical Channels . 22 Bluetooth Addressing . 22 Bluetooth packets . 22 Time Division duplex and multiple access technology.22 Error correction.23 Bluetooth Controller . 24 Summary of Baseband.28 LINK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL (LMP) . 29 Information Exchange and Request . 29 Mode management and SCO connections.29 HOST CONTROLLER INTERFACE (HCI) . 31 HCI Commands.32 LINK LAYER CONTROL AND ADAPTATION LAYER PROTOCOL (L2CAP) . 34 Connection Identifiers (CIDs). 34 Protocol Multiplexing . 35 Segmentation and Reassembly . 35 L2CAP Events and Actions . 35 RFCOMM.36 Device Types . 36 Control Signals . 37 Multiple Emulated Serial Ports.37 Flow Control Methods . 37 SERVICE DISCOVERY PROTOCOL (SDP) . 38 PDU Format . 39 SDP Services.39 Service Discovery.39 FUTURE EXTENSIONS . 40 3 THE LAN ACCESS PROFILE.41 THE BLUETOOTH PROFILES . 42 THE LAN ACCESS PROFILE . 43 THE LAN ACCESS PROFILE DEFINED IN THE BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION.44 Masters in Information and Communication Technology ____________________________________________________________________ 5 LAN Access Point (LAP) . 45 Data Terminal (DT) . 45 CONNECTING TO A LAN ACCESS POINT.46 DESCRIPTION OF THE INVOLVED PROTOCOLS.47 RFCOMM THE SERIAL PORT PROFILE. 47 PPP AND PPP LINKS.48 Proposal of how to run IP over PPP . 49 RELATIONS WITH THE INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP) . 51 DHCP.52 DNS and NBNS addresses.53 Broadcast, Multicast and anycast . 53 Roaming . 54 Routing.55 SUMMARY . 56 4 OTHER SOLUTIONS TO RUN IP OVER BLUETOOTH.57 PROPOSALS OF A NEW BLUETOOTH STACK . 58 Solution for IP under development by Bluetooth SIG . 58 Possible solutions for consideration by the IETF . 59 Other proposals . 60 RUNNING IP OVER L2CAP . 61 IP ISSUES.62 Bluetooth addressing .