Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of Numerical Calculations to Simulate the Sampling Efficiency Performance of a Personal Aerosol Sampler

Numerical calculations were conducted to simulate air and particle behavior near and into the inlet of an aerosol sampler in order to determine sampling efficiency performance. This was done with the pre-verified commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package, FLUENT (Fluent, Inc., Lebanon, NH, US). Air flow behavior was calculated for steady-state conditions approaching and flowing into 3D geometries of an aerosol sampler free in the air that was similar in dimension to two commercial samplers, namely the Gesamtstaubprobenahme sampler (GSP) and the conical inhalable sampler (CIS). Particle trajectories were calculated in a Lagrangian reference frame on the resulting velocity fields. Based on the particle trajectories, sampling efficiencies were calculated and compared to those reported in the literature for a CIS aerosol sampler. They were found to have similar overall trends for particle sizes up to 21 μ m. Using a correction factor, agreement was observed to be very good for smaller particles, but less so for larger particles.
The effect of gamma rays on quinoa plant and evaluation of promising genotypes under salinity stress

The research experiment was carried out by exposing quinoa seeds (Chipaya cv.) to different doses of gamma rays (control, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 Gy) and, the evaluation was done under salinity stress, in both the pots (control, 8 and 16 dsm-1 of irrigation water) and the open field (control and 11 dsm-1 approximately). The results showed clear differences at the level of all studied traits and based on the tolerance indices of the five genotypes (Chipaya and the four distinct mutations). Where, G4 was distinguished as a mutated genotype giving the highest grain yield under salt stress, the mutated genotype G5 was marked for the highest protein content. Gamma radiation induced genetic variation in the genotypes, as estimated by the cluster analysis of protein and ISSR markers resulted in two promising mutations for superior genotypes during the second mutant generation (M2). It should also be noted that 90 and 120 Gy doses revealed the highest effectiveness. These results indicated that gene expression and molecular analysis of selected mutated plants were completely confirmed together with the data of tested characters and tolerance indices of salinity stress. This research is providing new insights of molecular breeding for quinoa improvement to produce new promising genotypes powerfully face environmental stress and potential aid in future food shortage disasters.
Mapping the adaptation solution space – lessons from Jakarta for
other coastal cities

Abstract. Coastal cities are under increasing pressure to adapt to climate change. They suffer from the severe effects of increased frequencies and intensities of coastal hazards, particularly flooding, whilst oftentimes continuing to sprawl into hazard exposed areas and grow beyond the pace of sufficient infrastructure development. Even though these problems have been quite well understood for a while, there is still comparatively little knowledge on the solution space, i.e. on the options available for adaptation and the ways in which they are being perceived, framed and evaluated. Focusing on Jakarta as one of the cities with the highest flood risk and adaptation pressure globally, this study presents findings from a systematic review of scientific English literature on mitigation options and the adaptation solution space to counter the city’s chronic flood problem. Results indicate that the perceived solution space is skewed towards protection against flooding, while soft adaptation options as well as measures to live with flooding or retreat from exposed areas are less widely considered. This appears to not only stem from the government’s traditional preference for engineered flood protection measures but also from a bias of scientific analyses towards focusing on understanding the hazard and analyzing engineered flood protection measures, while giving much less attention to soft adaptation options and community-led adaptation focusing among others on social and natural capital, empowerment and capacity building. Similarly, hybrid adaptation approaches, which combine soft and hard measures in a complementary way, are only rarely considered. Looking into the future, the findings suggest that a more integrative scientific approach would be helpful to populate and balance the considered solution space. Jakarta is one of the most heavily researched coastal cities worldwide and lessons from Jakarta are hence of global reach and importance. Future science on the city can play a significant role in piloting new approaches on the pressing frontiers in adaptation research. But increased attention is needed on current epistemic gaps.
Can we use smart-phones to increase physical affection, intimacy and security in couples? Preliminary support from an attachment perspective

This study investigated whether physical affection is causally associated with momentary intimacy and security by manipulating physical affection. We used a GPS-based smart-phone application as ecological momentary intervention that prompted participants to show physical affection to their partner when they were in the same location. We also investigated whether attachment style and attachment functioning moderated the effects of the manipulation. Thirty-nine couples were assigned to experimental (N = 20) and control (N = 19) groups for 2 weeks. Multilevel dyadic data analysis revealed significantly higher momentary intimacy in the experimental group, even when spontaneous physical affection was controlled; there was no significant change for momentary security. While attachment style did not moderate the effect of manipulation for either outcome, attachment functioning significantly moderated the effect on security. This is the first study to show evidence that physical affection, when instructed by a device, is causally linked to increased momentary intimacy in daily life.
The synthesis of peptide‐conjugated poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline)‐
 b
 ‐poly(L‐lactide) (
 
 PEtOx‐
 b
 ‐PLA
 
 ) polymeric systems through the combination of controlled polymerization techniques and click reactions

To optimize the therapeutic effect of pharmaceutical agents, drug delivery systems tailored from FDA-approved polymers like poly(L-lactide) (PLA) is an effective strategy. Because of their hydrophobic character, these systems greatly suffer from reduced circulation time thus, amphiphilic block copolymers became favourable to overcome this limitation. Of them, poly(oxazoline)-b-poly(L-lactide) are of choice as poly(oxazoline) (PEtOx) is compatibile, biodegradable, while exhibiting minimum cytotoxicity. To tailor selective drug targeting drug delivery systems, whereby their selectivity for tumour tissues is maximised, these polymers should be decorated with so-called tumour-homing agents, such as antibodies, peptides and so forth. To this respect, we designed a new block copolymer, allyl-poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-b-poly(L-lactide) allyl-(PEtOx-b-PLA) and its subsequent conjugation to tumour-homing peptides, peptide-18 and peptide-563 at the terminal position. In this manuscript, we report our synthetic route to obtain this building block and its conjugation to tumour-homing agents.
Evaluation of biochemical profile and rumen fluid parameters of sheep supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and subjected to an abrupt diet change

This study examines rumen-fluid parameters and the biochemical profile of feedlot sheep supplemented with a commercial product composed of yeast culture and enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast during an abrupt change of diet. Eight sheep at 30 months of age, with an average weight of 40.2 ± 3.4 kg, were housed in individual stalls where they received the same diet twice daily, which was formulated according to the National Research Council [NRC] (2007). The animals were divided into two groups, namely, supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SG, n = 4) and control (CG, n = 4). The experiment consisted of three periods: the first (seven days) consisted of an acclimation to the roughage-only diet; in the second period (five days), the animals of SG started to receive supplementation; lastly, in the third period (five days), all animals underwent a sudden change of diet, which was characterized by an alteration from 100% roughage to a 50:50 ratio (roughage:concentrate) without prior adaptation. Blood samples were collected to evaluate albumin, aspartate amino transferase, calcium, gamma glutamyl transferase, globulins, glucose, magnesium, potassium, sodium, total plasma proteins and urea. Rumen fluid was harvested to evaluate physical aspects. Supplementation increased the protozoa count; the rate of sedimentation and fluctuation remained within the physiological parameters; and total plasma proteins and globulin decreased. Therefore, the yeast appears to be a promising alternative for reducing the deleterious effects of an abrupt change of diet.
Low Breeding-Site Fidelity Suggests Dispersal of Cerulean Warblers

Abstract - Site fidelity can have significant impacts on population dynamics and may be influenced by both demographic and environmental characteristics, including age, sex, and habitat quality. We examined breeding-site fidelity of Setophaga cerulea (Cerulean Warbler), a small Nearctic–Neotropical migrant that is listed as endangered in Indiana and in decline throughout its range. Our research was part of a long-term demographic study in the research units of the Hardwood Ecosystem Experiment, southern Indiana. From 2013 to 2018, we banded 128 Cerulean Warblers, 10.2% of which returned the year following initial capture and banding. We did not find significant differences in return rates between adult males (n = 92) and adult females (n = 19; P = 0.69), novice (second-year, n = 20) and experienced (after-second-year, n = 91; P = 1) birds, or successful (n = 40) and unsuccessful breeders (n = 26; P = 0.39). We have yet to detect a bird banded as a hatch-year subsequently return the following season as a second-year (n = 0/17). Our return rates are likely affected by a combination of mortality between breeding seasons, our ability to detect returning birds, and dispersal between breeding seasons. We encourage other researchers to publish rates of Cerulean Warbler site fidelity across its range for comparison of populations and habitats to determine source/sink dynamics.
Thermal and Electrical Properties of High-Quality Freestanding GaN Wafers with High Carrier Concentration

The thermal and electrical properties of high-quality bulk GaN crystals fabricated by hydride vapor phase epitaxy were investigated in the high-carrier-concentration region between 1.0×1018 and 1.24×1019 cm-3. The carrier concentration was almost identical to the Si doping concentration. An electrical resistivity as low as 2.5 mΩ cm was obtained at the carrier concentration n=1.24×1019 cm-3. The electron mobilities from Hall measurements were 441 and 200 cm2 V-1 s-1 for n=1.0×1018 and 1.24×1019 cm-3, respectively, which are significantly higher than those reported in the literature. The thermal conductivity measured by the laser flash method was consistently high in the measured carrier concentration range, i.e., about 2.0 W cm-1 K-1 for n=1.0×1018 cm-3 and 1.87 W cm-1 K-1 for n=1.24×1019 cm-3.
Summer precipitation characteristics on the southern Tibetan plateau

Precipitation is an important source of streamflow and a critical parameter in hydrological studies. However, spatiotemporal variation of precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has been poorly characterized due to the limited distribution of meteorological stations mostly in the lowlands. In this study, we set‐up rain gauges to study summer precipitation on mountain slopes in three catchments of the southern TP from 2013 to 2016. We studied the precipitation gradients (PGs) averaged during the Indian monsoon season (PGms), as well as daily PGs (PGd) and unit PGs (PGu) under various precipitation intensity grades (PIGs) and subdiurnal precipitation distributions. We also analysed the correlations between the PGs and precipitation amounts under various PIGs. Results showed that the mean PGms, PGd and PGu in the study catchments were 0.0071–0.0082% for monsoon season, 0.11–0.13 mm·100 m−1 d−1 and 2.2–3.1%·100 m−1 for the total (nonintensity‐graded) precipitation, but varied widely under different PIGs. PGms, PGd and PGu were all strongly correlated to precipitation amounts, which were relatively consistent between years but varied between different catchments. In addition, the correlations showed a steep positive slope under fine precipitation but became flat or even negative with increasing PIG. Generally, two distinct precipitation peaks were noted in each of the three catchments: a dispersed peak in the morning, and a stronger but sharper peak at around 18:00 LST; overall, this subdiurnal pattern was temporally stable. The mean precipitation durations of the three catchments were approximately 1.0–1.4 hr (nonintensity‐graded) and increased from <0.5 hr, to <1 hr, 2–5 hr and 6–11 hr for trace, light, moderate and heavy precipitation intensities, respectively. Among the various PG units, both PGd and PGu better represented precipitation at different altitudes than that of PGms. Summer precipitation in the study catchments was influenced more by valley‐scale convection than by large‐scale monsoon circulation.
Predictors of pulmonary rehabilitation completion in the UK

Introduction Pulmonary rehabilitation has been shown to improve dyspnoea, fatigue, quality of life and exercise capacity in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our aim was to determine the characteristics of people with COPD associated with completion of pulmonary rehabilitation. Methods This was a cross-sectional analysis of 7060 people with COPD enrolled in pulmonary rehabilitation between January 1, 2017 and March 31, 2017. Data were from a UK national audit of COPD care. Factors associated with pulmonary rehabilitation completion were determined using mixed effects logistic regression with a random intercept for pulmonary rehabilitation service. Factors chosen for assessment based on clinical judgement and data availability were age, sex, country, socioeconomic status, body mass index, referral location, programme type, start within 90 days, smoking status, oxygen therapy, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage, Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea grade, any exercise test and any health status questionnaire. Results 4635 (66%) people with COPD completed a pulmonary rehabilitation programme. People that were aged ≥60 years, resident in Wales, referred within 90 days, an ex- or never-smoker, received an exercise test, or received a health status questionnaire had significantly greater odds of completing pulmonary rehabilitation. People that were in the most deprived quintile, underweight or very severely obese, enrolled in a rolling rather than a cohort programme, had a higher GOLD stage and had a higher MRC grade had significantly lower odds of completing pulmonary rehabilitation. Conclusions People with COPD were more likely to complete pulmonary rehabilitation when best practice guidelines were followed. People with more severe COPD symptoms and those enrolled in rolling rather than cohort programmes were less likely to complete pulmonary rehabilitation. Referring people with COPD in the earlier stages of disease, ensuring programmes follow best practice guidelines and favouring cohort over rolling programmes could improve rates of pulmonary rehabilitation completion. Referring people with COPD to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in the earlier stages of disease, ensuring PR programmes follow best practice guidelines and favouring cohort over rolling PR programmes could improve rates of PR completion https://bit.ly/34BfeEb
Nephelometer Sensitivities for the Determination of PM2.5 Mass Concentration in Ambient and Indoor Air

ABSTRACT Simple algorithms are presented for the relationships between the gravimetrically measured PM2.5 mass concentration and a nephelometer particle scattering coefficient, for three different environments: two outdoor locations (an urban and a suburban) and one indoors. With these algorithms, the aerosol light scattering coefficients of the nephelometer (provided on line with a time step of seconds) can be related to PM2.5 mass concentrations. The effect of the relative humidity on the nephelometer readings was also evaluated with two models. In the last two campaigns (in the suburbs of the city and in a laboratory), a drying device before the aerosol entrance to the nephelometer was used, a Nafion™ dryer. In the indoor environment, the two methods (the gravimetric and the nephelometry) were compared with the readings of an aerosol light scattering spectrometer, which provide PM2.5 volume concentrations and thus it was possible to calculate the PM2.5 density indoors.
Spatially heterogeneous dynamics in deeply supercooled liquids

Given the considerable weight of experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that dynamics in deeply supercooled liquids are spatially heterogeneous, we attempt to answer four questions: How large are these heterogeneities? How long do they last? How much do the dynamics vary between the fastest and slowest regions? Why do these heterogeneities arise? Recent experiments on the lifetimes of the regions indicate an extremely strong temperature dependence near the calorimetric glass transition.
Identifying Personalized Metabolic Signatures in Breast Cancer

Cancer cells are adept at reprogramming energy metabolism, and the precise manifestation of this metabolic reprogramming exhibits heterogeneity across individuals (and from cell to cell). In this study, we analyzed the metabolic differences between interpersonal heterogeneous cancer phenotypes. We used divergence analysis on gene expression data of 1156 breast normal and tumor samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and integrated this information with a genome-scale reconstruction of human metabolism to generate personalized, context-specific metabolic networks. Using this approach, we classified the samples into four distinct groups based on their metabolic profiles. Enrichment analysis of the subsystems indicated that amino acid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, citric acid cycle, androgen and estrogen metabolism, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification distinguished these four groups. Additionally, we developed a workflow to identify potential drugs that can selectively target genes associated with the reactions of interest. MG-132 (a proteasome inhibitor) and OSU-03012 (a celecoxib derivative) were the top-ranking drugs identified from our analysis and known to have anti-tumor activity. Our approach has the potential to provide mechanistic insights into cancer-specific metabolic dependencies, ultimately enabling the identification of potential drug targets for each patient independently, contributing to a rational personalized medicine approach.
Chemical Composition, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oil of Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) From Pakistan

Abstract Chemical composition, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil isolated from aerial parts of Mentha spicata L. (spearmint) were investigated. The oil content was found to be 1.2%. A total of 19 chemical constituents were identified in the spearmint oil using GC and GC/MS. The main components were carvone (51.7%) and cis-carveol (24.3%), followed by limonene (5.3%), 1,8 cineol (4.0%), cis-dihydrocarvone (2.2%), carvyl acetate (2.1%) and cis-sabinene hydrate (1.0%). The investigated oil exhibited good antioxidant activity as assessed by DPPH free radical-scavenging ability, bleaching β-carotene in linoleic acid system, and inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation. Antimicrobial activity of spearmint oil and its major components (cis-carveol and carvone) was followed by disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays against four strains of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Pasturella multocida and five pathogenic fungi: Aspergillus niger, Mucor mucedo, Fusarium solani, Botryodiplodia theobromae, and Rhizopus solani. All the tested microorganisms were strongly affected indicating an appreciable antimicrobial potential of spearmint oil.
Electronic spectra and chemical reactivity

Perturbation theory suggests a close relationship between the electronic spectra of molecules and energy barriers to possible unimolecular and bimolecular reactions. Considering only v/sub max/, the vertical frequency of the lowest excited state (of the same multiplicity), a number of interesting correlations can be made. It is necessary (a) to compare only groups of related molecules and (b) to use elementary spectroscopic theory to identify the nature of the lowest excited state. The relationship between vis-UV spectra and the stability of isomers is discussed.
Primary, Secondary Metabolites and Molecular Characterization of Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) Genotypes

In this study, the molecular, biochemical and agro-morphological characterization of genotypes belonging to hawthorn species collected from Bolu province of Turkey was performed. Inter-priming binding sites (iPBS) markers based on retrotransposons were used for the first time in the molecular properties of hawthorn genotypes in the world. The marker system provided very useful information for revealing the genetic variation of the genotypes. Six iPBS markers amplified 68 fragments, of which 65 were polymorphic (95.59%) with an average of 10.83 polymorphic bands per primer. The polymorphism and resolving power per primers ranged from 0.12 to 0.42 and from 0.78 to 8.11 with the average being 0.32 and 5.95, respectively. Pomological properties of Crataegus tanacetifolia, such as fruit pomology and core weight were determined to higher than those of Crataegus monogyna. Citric acid was determined as the most predominant organic acid, followed by malic and succinic acid in the genotypes of both species. The highest citric acid content (26.745 mg 100 g−1) was noted for 14BL09 genotype. The vit. C content was recorded ranging from 2.681 to 9.621 mg 100 g−1. Catechin, chlorogenic, caffeic and rutin contents were varied between 4.140–51.393 mg, 2.254–42.361 mg, 0.624–4.407 mg, and 1.241–10.029 mg per 100 g of fruits, respectively. As a result, it has been determined that twenty-five genotypes belonging to different hawthorn species are important genetic resources to be evaluated in horticultural breeding studies in terms of their physical and biochemical contents.
Influence of Powder and Liquid Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes on Hydration and Dispersion of the Cementitious Composites

Two types of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), powder and liquid, were added to cementitious composites to build self-sensing concrete. To properly evaluate and quantify the effect of MWCNTs on electrical resistance, various tests, including isothermal conduction calorimetry, were carried out. One of primary issues of self-monitoring concrete is dispersion, so ultrasonication was used to properly mix the CNTs in the dispersion solution, and silica fume was employed to make the specimens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and porosity analyses were performed to investigate the physical properties of the composites and to confirm uniform dispersion. The distance of the electrical resistance was also measured, and the dosages and types of MWCNTs were analyzed.