Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
bilig Validity of Balanced Growth : Evidence from Turkey

One of the central hypotheses of neoclassical growth literature is the balanced growth hypothesis, which predicts that output, consumption and investment grow at the same rate. Empirically, this implies that consumption and investment must be cointegrated with output. This paper investigates these implications with respect to Turkey, using unit root tests and co-integration techniques. We find that the long-term growth path of Turkish economy is consistent with the balanced-growth hypothesis without a significant structural break.
‘If you’d had my life, you’d have done it too’: exploring the experiences of adult males who rape elderly females

ABSTRACT This study focused on adult males who have committed a sexual offence against elderly victims (aged 55 and over) in order to increase our understanding of this group of offenders. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five such individuals. Interview data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Four main themes emerged: life's been really tough (where participants talked about difficulties they had faced); I’m not bad, I did what anyone would do (where participants sought to explain their behaviour); Other people haven’t helped or have made things worse (where participants highlighted challenges they faced in relationships and the impact they felt this had); and Coping and pleasure (which highlights the use of sex and alcohol in their lives). Implications for the practice and treatment of individuals offending against elderly victims are discussed.
Comparative Study of Lipid Alterations in Flight Muscles of Leucopholis lepidophora and Oryctes rhinoceros

The neutral lipids (NL) and phospholipids (PL) with their constituents were studied in the flight muscles of male and female adults of Leucopholis lepidophora and Oryctes rhinoceros, by employing thin layer chromatography (TLC) and bioassay technique. The quantity of neutral lipids in male and female flight muscles of L. lepidophora were measured 39.192 and 40.039 whereas the O. rhinoceros exhibits 57.501 , 45.894 mg/gm wet weight of tissues respectively. The main component of neutral lipids was triacylglycerol. Similarly the phospholipid values in male and female flight muscles of former and later species were 23.163, 22.999, 17 . 367 and 15.58 mg/gm wet weights of tissues respectively. The NL: PL ratio in male and female adult flight muscles of L. lepidophora was recorded to 3:1 whereas in O. rhinoceros 4:1. The neutral lipids found in six forms. Triacylglycerol was the main component in both species. It exhibits 29.60 and 32.08 48.40, 40.05 mg/gm wet weight of tissues in male and female flight muscles of former and later species respectively. monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, cholesterol, were moderate and cholesterol ester and free fatty acids low in quantity. Phospholipids exhibited seven constituents; phosphatidyl-choline and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine in high concentration in both species. Lysophosphatidyl-choline and sphingomyelin moderate in concentration and phosphatidyl-inositol, phosphatidyl-serine and phosphatidic acid low in quantity.
Redefining Citizenship and Civic Engagement: political values embodied in FixMyStreet.com

This article argues that citizen-driven local public service improvement systems raise not merely technical issues, like efficiency or ease of use, but also political ones. It focuses on an example from the UK, FixMyStreet.com, which enables citizens to report physical problems in their neighborhood and to track their resolution by local councils. Its analysis suggests that the website produces a form of political culture (through its design features that are guided by certain values) that promotes an immediate, clickable, fleeting, problem-focused and individualized form of civic engagement. Since it is built on an open source code, many other websites in different countries follow this certain civic engagement model without necessarily addressing the politics of the design. In response, this study argues that civic values that are concerned with the interests of a local community rather than individual or institutional ones should guide such technologies so that those technical systems could lead to community action, thereby empowering citizens. To illustrate how civic values can be incorporated into design, the related literature and methodology on value sensitive design guides the analysis while relying on the measures of deliberative participation for betterment of design features as well as the designing process.
Acquisition of Operational Knowledge of an Industrial Gas Turbine Cogeneration Plant by Optimization

A computer-aided advisory system is proposed which assists operators in operating an industrial gas turbine cogeneration plant rationally from the economic viewpoint. An optimization approach is adopted to acquire knowledge of the plant’s operational strategy. The on/off and rated/part load status for each piece of constituent equipment is determined so as to minimize the hourly operational cost subject to the energy demand requirement. Various restrictions which must be satisfied in a real operation are incorporated simultaneously. The operational strategy by optimization is compared with that by a real operation, using real data measured on several representative days. The operational status obtained for combinations of electricity and steam demands is illustrated by operational maps.Copyright © 1993 by ASME
A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) Scheme for Lip based Identification Utilizing Vertical Grooves Angles

As the lips move too quickly, the shape of lips images may differ from one situation to another for an individual such as the cases of smiling or frowning. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to automatic classification of lips images which are captured by digital camera. We focus on the lower part of lips based on morphological features of the grooves. Image processing techniques are employed to replace the traditional lip-prints to detect human identification with intelligent systems. Presented methodology takes lower part of the lips as an input to process their orientation of grooves. Morphological and structural features are considered to describe the lips. A Hidden Markov Model is proposed for classification and training. Results show the proposed algorithm is robust against scale changes, noises and multiple orientations of lip images for each person. With this approach 93.4%, 88.3% and 85.1% accuracy is achieved in classification of 5, 10, 15 class respectively on 75 lip samples. Presented algorithm may contribute significantly for the development of applications related to human identifications or can be used as a supplement to lip identification systems (for example, methods which are using contour of the lips) to reduce the error rate of classification.
Challenges for PET Neuroimaging of Depressive Disorders

This chapter deals with two major challenges facing PET neuroimaging of depressive disorders: determining the neurobiology of depressive disorders and inventing suitable positron-emitting radioligands for exploring molecular aspects of brain function. Over the years, PET neuroimaging of depressive disorder has focused almost exclusively on monoaminergic neurotransmission, but judging from recent reports, those studies have failed to demonstrate reliable links between either serotonergic or dopaminergic mechanisms and depressive disorders. Today, disturbances in numerous other neurobiological processes are thought to cause depressive disorder, but we lack PET radioligands to test most modern hypotheses in the living human brain. Thus, the future success of PET neuroimaging of depressive disorders depends on advances in neuroscience concerning molecular neurobiology and on advances in radiochemistry for the synthesis of novel positron-emitting molecules to test hypotheses on the neurobiology of depressive disorders. Success in PET neuroimaging of depressive disorders is expected to provide insight toward better prevention and treatment of these disabling conditions.
Moving Objects Segmentation at a Traffic Junction from Vehicular Vision

Automatic extraction/segmentation and the recognition of moving objects on a road environment is often problematic. This is especially the case when cameras are mounted on a moving vehicle (for vehicular vision), yet this remains a critical task in vision based safety transportation. The essential problem is twofold: extracting the foreground from the movingbackground, and separating and recognizing pedestrians from other moving objects such as cars that appear in the foreground. The challenge of our proposed technique is to use a single mobile camera for separating the foreground from the background, and to recognize pedestrians and other objects from vehicular vision in order to achieve a low cost and intelligent driver assistance system. In this paper, the normal distribution is employed for modelling pixel gray values. The proposed technique separates the foreground from the background by comparing the pixel gray values of an input image with the normal distribution model of the pixel. The model is renewed after the separation to give a new background model for the next image. The renewal strategy changes depending on if the concerned pixel is in the background or on the foreground. Performance of the present technique was examined by real world vehicle videos captured at a junction when a car turns left or right and satisfactory results were obtained.
GPS‐determination of along‐strike variation in Cascadia margin kinematics: Implications for relative plate motion, subduction zone coupling, and permanent deformation

High‐precision GPS geodesy in the Pacific Northwest provides the first synoptic view of the along‐strike variation in Cascadia margin kinematics. These results constrain interfering deformation fields in a region where typical earthquake recurrence intervals are one or more orders of magnitude longer than the decades‐long history of seismic monitoring and where geologic studies are sparse. Interseismic strain accumulation contributes greatly to GPS station velocities along the coast. After correction for a simple elastic dislocation model, important residual motions remain, especially south of the international border. The magnitude of northward forearc motion increases southward from western Washington (3–7 mm/yr) to northern and central Oregon (∼9 mm/yr), consistent with oblique convergence and geologic constraints on permanent deformation. The margin‐parallel strain gradient, concentrated in western Washington across the populated Puget Lowlands, compares in magnitude to shortening across the Los Angeles Basin. Thus crustal faulting also contributes to seismic hazard. Farther south in southern Oregon, north‐westward velocities reflect the influence of Pacific‐North America motion and impingement of the Sierra Nevada block on the Pacific Northwest. In contrast to previous notions, some deformation related to the Eastern California shear zone crosses northernmost California in the vicinity of the Klamath Mountains and feeds out to the Gorda plate margin.
The outer hair cell of the organ of Corti possesses a voltage-dependent motile frequency response: evidence for the frequency-dependent compliance of prestin.

The outer hair cell (OHC) of the organ of Corti underlies a mechanically based process that enhances hearing, termed cochlear amplification. The cell possesses a unique motor protein, prestin, which senses voltage and consequently changes conformation to cause large cell length changes, termed electromotility (eM). In OHCs studied in vitro, the prestin voltage sensor generates a capacitance that is both voltage and frequency dependent, peaking in magnitude at a characteristic membrane voltage (Vh), which can be greater than the linear capacitance of the cell. Consequently, the OHC membrane time constant is multifarious depending upon resting potential and frequency of AC evaluation. After precisely correcting for this influence on the whole-cell voltage clamp time constant, we find that OHC eM is low pass in nature, substantially attenuating in magnitude within the frequency bandwidth of human speech. The frequency response is slowest at Vh, with a cut-off near 1.5 kHz, but increases up to six-fold in a U shaped manner as holding voltage deviates from Vh. NLC measures follow this pattern. Viscous drag alone cannot account for such eM behavior; nor can it arise from viscous drag in combination with a sigmoidal voltage-dependent OHC stiffness. However, viscous drag combined with kinetics of prestin, likely corresponding to its bell-shaped conformational gating compliance (Iwasa, 2000), is in line with our observations. How OHC eM influences cochlear amplification at higher frequencies needs reconsideration.
Propagation of ENSO temperature signals into the middle atmosphere: A comparison of two general circulation models and ERA‐40 reanalysis data

The vertical propagation of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) temperature signal has been analyzed in two general circulation models, the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model and the Middle Atmosphere European Center - Hamburg Model, and in the ERA-40 reanalysis data set. Monthly mean data have been used, and composite differences ( El Nino - La Nina) have been computed. Our results show that the ENSO signal propagates into the middle atmosphere by means of planetary Rossby waves. Significant wave-like anomalies are observed up to around 40 km. This propagation is strongly influenced by the zonal mean zonal winds, being most effective in midlatitudes of the Northern Hemisphere because ENSO events tend to peak in northern winter, when stratospheric winds are westerly in the Northern Hemisphere, and allow vertical propagation of Rossby waves. In addition, zonal mean temperature anomalies are observed in the middle atmosphere in the tropics and at polar latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. These anomalies are the result of changes in the residual mean meridional circulation: Our analysis reveals that during an El Nino event, vertical wave propagation and divergence of Eliassen-Palm flux are enhanced, forcing a stronger residual circulation in the stratosphere, which cools the tropics and warms the higher latitudes. This pattern is highly significant in the models during certain months but much less in the ERA-40 data, where other sources of variability ( in particular the quasi-biennial oscillation) also influence the residual circulation.
Effects of Urban Spatial Structure, Sociodemographics, and Climate on Residential Water Consumption in Hillsboro, Oregon 1

House‐Peters, Lily, Bethany Pratt, and Heejun Chang, 2010. Effects of Urban Spatial Structure, Sociodemographics, and Climate on Residential Water Consumption in Hillsboro, Oregon. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(3):461‐472. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2009. 00415.x
Tourism, Competitiveness and Economic Growth: A New Analytical Model

This study reviews the theories relating to competitiveness and the indicators used for its measurement on the one hand and the studies that relate tourism and growth on the other, with the purpose of establishing the links that exist between both concepts. This enables a model to be defined in which some factors that affect tourism competitiveness combine with capital and work to determine economic growth. The provision of inherited tourism resources, together with the provision of productive resources, and the links between them are the determining elements of the capacity of an economy to produce and therefore to grow.
Constraints on Temperature Regulation in Two Sympatric Podarcis Lizards during Autumn

Abstract We studied the impact of restrictions by the thermal environments on body temperatures (Tbs) and microhabitat use of the lacertid lizards Podarcis melisellensis and Podarcis muralis in a Mediterranean area (Croatia) during autumn. The thermal conditions at available microhabitats were assessed with copper models that measured the operative temperatures (Te) at different sites. We estimated the thermal suitability of microhabitats by quantifying the extent of similarity between the Tes and the range of selected temperatures (i.e., the Tbs that lizards maintain in zero-cost conditions in a laboratory thermogradient; Tsel). Both species maintained, throughout most of day, Tbs that were on average 2–4 C below both Tsel and the Tbs recorded in the field during summer. Nevertheless, the Tbs measured during autumn were in the upper range of available Tes and were much closer to the Tsel than were the Tes. In addition, lizards were most often observed in the warmest microhabitats and were often seen basking. These results indicate that lizards were actively thermoregulating. The Te measurements show that lizards encounter suitable thermal conditions (i.e., where Tes is within Tsel) in only a restricted subset of the available microhabitats and during only a relatively short period of the day. Thus, lizards are constrained to maintain relatively low Tbs during autumn by the generally low available Tes. Although lizards were clearly thermoregulating, they appeared to accept lower Tbs during activity in autumn than in summer. A possible reason for this seasonal shift in activity Tbs is that achievement of higher Tbs during autumn is only feasible by confining activities to some specific microhabitats, which may severely constrain other behaviors, such as foraging.
Analytical Design and FEM Verification of a Novel Three-Phase Seven Layers Switched Reluctance Motor

The purpose of this paper is to propose analytical and flnite element method (FEM) designs of a novel three-phase Seven Layers Switched Reluctance Motor (SLSRM) for the applications which dictated by the performance with the total torque per volume as a key marker indicator. The introduced motor consists of seven magnetically independent stator layers, which each layer includes a set of 4 by 4 stator/rotor poles. In this SLSRM, the three layers are energized together to produce high torque and also decrease the torque ripple in comparison with the one layer conventional SRM. Since each layer has its independent phase in the motor, the isolation problem of coils and cooling troublesome existing in conventional SRMs is solved. In addition, these types of SLSRM have some other advantages, like simpler conflguration, cooling in easier way, etc. Firstly an analytical design is carried out to illustrate the design procedure and then three- dimensional (3-D) magneto static simulation analysis of the SLSRM and the one layer SRM is performed using 3-D FEM, to obtain and verify the ∞ux-linkage, ∞ux density and torque proflles. Also, the proposed motor is compared with a conventional one layer SRM with a same size and volume.
Automated detection of duplicate free-form English bug reports

Every day, software developers receive reports on defects or suggestions for improvement in their products. A common way to relay this information is through a report collection tool called a bug report repository. For sufficiently large products, significant time can be consumed by personnel attempting to put bug reports through triage when similar reports addressing the same issue already exist in the repository. This report describes and experiment to automate this process by using natural language processing and a vector cosine technique applied to phrase matches found in an index of reports to score the likelihood that a bug report is a duplicate of another report. Since it can be difficult to determine an exact relationship between phrase matches and similarity between reports, a neural network is employed to learn the general relationship when reports are duplicates and when they are not in order to classify incoming reports appropriately.
Cook Like a Chef 1- and 4-Week Camp Models

Children participating in cooking classes gain confidence in their abilities to prepare food. If children are to make informed, healthy, food ingredient and cooking method choices, they need to be equipped with these necessary skills, as well as with nutrition competence. Extension programs that incorporate nutrition and hands-on cooking can present a challenge; yet with tools and support this mission can be accomplished with ease and finesse.
An Energy-Efficient Hybrid System for Wireless Body Area Network Applications

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) consist of a number of miniaturized wearable or implanted sensor nodes that are employed to monitor vital parameters of a patient over long duration of time. These sensors capture physiological data and wirelessly transfer the collected data to a local base station in order to be further processed. Almost all of these body sensors are expected to have low data-rate and to run on a battery. Since recharging or replacing the battery is not a simple task specifically in the case of implanted devices such as pacemakers, extending the lifetime of sensor nodes in WBANs is one of the greatest challenges. To achieve this goal, WBAN systems employ low-power communication transceivers and low duty cycle Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols. Although, currently used MAC protocols are able to reduce the energy consumption of devices for transmission and reception, yet they are still unable to offer an ultimate energy self-sustaining solution for low-power MAC protocols. This paper proposes to utilize energy harvesting technologies in low-power MAC protocols. This novel approach can further reduce energy consumption of devices in WBAN systems.
Global in time solution and time-periodicity for a smectic-A liquid crystal model

In this paper some results are obtained for a smectic-A liquid crystal model with time-dependent boundary Dirichlet data for the so-called layer variable $\varphi$ (the level sets of $\varphi$ describe the layer structure of the smectic-A liquid crystal). First, the initial-boundary problem for arbitrary initial data is considered, obtaining the existence of weak solutions which are bounded up to infinity time. Second, the existence of time-periodic weak solutions is proved. Afterwards, the problem of the global in time regularity is attacked, obtaining the existence and uniqueness of regular solutions (up to infinity time) for both problems, i.e. the initial-valued problem and the time-periodic one, but assuming a dominant viscosity coefficient in the linear part of the diffusion tensor.
An Automated Signature Generation Approach for Polymorphic Worms Using Principal Component Analysis

Internet Worms pose a major threat to Internet infrastructure security. Security experts manually generate the IDS signatures by studying the network traces after a new worm has been released, a rather costly, laborious, and time consuming task. In this paper we propose automated signature generation system for polymorphic worms. We apply Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the most significant substrings that are shared between polymorphic worm instances and use them as signatures. The experimental results show that the PCA has successfully detected polymorphic worms with zero false positives and low false negatives.
Temporal change in site response caused by earthquake strong motion as revealed from coda spectral ratio measurement

The spectral ratios of coda waves of local earthquakes have been often used as measures of relative amplification factors of different sites. Applying this method to coda waves registered by seismometers installed on the surface and at the bottom of a borehole, we succeeded in stably measuring the temporal change in site response associated with the occurrence of a large earthquake strong motion. A remarkable drop of coda spectral ratio and a shift of the peak frequency were observed during strong shake at two sites by the 2000 Western Tottori Earthquake and at a site by the 2003 Tokachi‐Oki Earthquake in Japan. The reduction of the peak frequency reached 30–70% at all the sites. After that, the peak frequency logarithmically recovered to the value before the strong motions for a few years at two sites, whereas the other one quickly recovered in a few tens of minutes.