Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seeking Common Ground While Reserving Differences: Multiple Anatomy Collaborative Framework for Undersampled MRI Reconstruction

—Recently, deep neural networks have greatly ad- vanced undersampled Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) reconstruction, wherein most studies follow the one-anatomy-one- network fashion, i.e., each expert network is trained and evaluated for a speciﬁc anatomy. Apart from inefﬁciency in training multiple independent models, such convention ignores the shared de-aliasing knowledge across various anatomies which can beneﬁt each other. To explore the shared knowledge, one naive way is to combine all the data from various anatomies to train an all- round network. Unfortunately, despite the existence of the shared de-aliasing knowledge, we reveal that the exclusive knowledge across different anatomies can deteriorate speciﬁc reconstruction targets, yielding overall performance degradation. Observing this, in this study, we present a novel deep MRI reconstruction framework with both anatomy-shared and anatomy-speciﬁc parameterized learners, aiming to “seek common ground while reserving differences” across different anatomies. Particularly, the primary anatomy-shared learners are exposed to different anatomies to model ﬂourishing shared knowledge, while the efﬁcient anatomy-speciﬁc learners are trained with their target anatomy for exclusive knowledge. Four different implementations of anatomy-speciﬁc learners are presented and explored on the top of our framework in two MRI reconstruction networks. Comprehensive experiments on brain, knee and cardiac MRI datasets demonstrate that three of these learners are able to enhance reconstruction performance via multiple anatomy collaborative learning.
Measures of complexity and entanglement in many-fermion systems

There is no unique and widely accepted definition of the complexity measure (CM) of a many-fermion wave function in the presence of interactions. The simplest many-fermion wave function is a Slater determinant. In shell-model or configuration interaction (CI) and other related methods, the state is represented as a superposition of a large number of Slater determinants, which in case of CI calculations reaches about 20 billion terms. Although in practice this number has been used as a CM for decades, it is ill defined: it is not unique, and it depends on the particular type and the number of single-particle wave functions used to construct the Slater determinants. The canonical wave functions/natural orbitals and their corresponding occupation probabilities are intrinsic properties of any many-body wave function, irrespective of the representation, and they provide a unique solution to characterize the CM. The non-negative orbital entanglement entropy, which vanishes for a Slater determinant, provides the simplest CM, while a more complete measure of complexity is the entanglement spectrum. We illustrate these aspects in the case of a complex non-equilibrium time-dependent process, induced nuclear fission described within a real-time Density Functional Theory framework extended to superfluid systems, which can describe simultaneously the long-range and the short range correlations between fermions.
-aspartate receptor activity in hippocampal CA3 circuits

lthough Zn 2 is contained in large amounts in the synaptic terminals of hippocampal mossy fibers (MFs), its physiological role in synaptic transmission is poorly understood. By using the newly developed high-sensitivity Zn 2 indicator ZnAF-2, the spatiotemporal dynamics of Zn 2 was monitored in rat hippocampal slices. When high-frequency stimulation was delivered to the MFs, the concentration of extracellular Zn 2 was immediately elevated in the stratum lucidum, followed by a mild increase in the stratum radiatum adjacent to the stratum lucidum, but not in the distal area of stratum radiatum. The Zn 2 increase was insensitive to a non– N -methylD -aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist but was A efficiently attenuated by tetrodotoxin or Ca 2 -free medium, suggesting that Zn 2 is released by MF synaptic terminals in an activity-dependent manner, and thereafter diffuses extracellularly into the neighboring stratum radiatum. Electrophysiological analyses revealed that NMDA receptor– mediated synaptic responses in CA3 proximal stratum radiatum were inhibited in the immediate aftermath of MF activation and that this inhibition was no longer observed in the presence of a Zn 2 -chelating agent. Thus, Zn 2 serves as a spatiotemporal mediator in imprinting the history of MF activity in contiguous hippocampal networks. We predict herein a novel form of metaplasticity, i.e., an experiencedependent non-Hebbian modulation of synaptic plasticity.
Impact of training experience and training total time on aerobic capacity and level of effective restitution of female Polish Judo National Team athletes during the preparation for the Olympic Games

Background and Study Aim: Judo sports competition at the highest levels requires a high level of aerobic capacity. The cognitive aim of the study was the knowledge about relationship between the level of aerobic capacity and post-exercise restitution, and the weekly training total time (which accumulates the components of the so-called training volume and exercise intensity), and athletes’ body weight, during the preparation period before the planned Olympic Games in Tokyo. The authors posed two research hypotheses: H1 training experience improves the relative aerobic capacity of the athletes; H2 weekly training total time (volume and intensity) is significantly related to post-exercise heart rate and level of post-exercise restitution. General remark: unfortunately, due to the coronavirus pandemic on a global scale, the Olympic Games scheduled for 2020 were postponed to 2021. Material and Methods: The tests were carried out on the athletes of the Polish Judo National Senior Team of Women (n = 14; age 20.5 to 29.75 years ), during the training camp in the preparatory period. The level of aerobic capacity was measured by the Maximal Multistage 20-m Shuttle Run Test (Beep-Test) was used. To determine restitution efficiency, the Klonowicz restitution efficiency index was used. For accurate analysis, the relative oxygen capacity, relative average running speed and relative distance covered in relation to the test body weight were determined. The training experience criterion was years of training (in this case over 17 years). Training total time was measured in hours. Results: The heart rate (HR) value 5 minutes after the test increased. The most effective weekly training total time for the female senior group was between 15 and 20 hours. No significant relationship between training experience and relative capacity indices was shown. Conclusions: Weekly training total time (included components of training volumes and exercise intensity) have a significant impact on aerobic capacity. It is necessary to regularly check the training load and the regeneration and adaptation levels of athletes. Otherwise, this may lead to a reduction of the capacity for postexercise regeneration.
Supplemental Material “ Partisan Bias and Its Discontents ” A Reply to Baron and Jost ’ s ( 2018 ) Supplemental Material

Along with B&J’s critique of our meta-analysis, they supplied an appendix containing additional questions about our interpretations of specific studies and subsets of studies. This supplement is a response to their appendix. At the end, we report the full results of a supplemental study we conducted (described briefly in our response; Ditto et al., 2018b) to assess whether ordinary people believe that the patterns of judgment reported in our metaanalysis reflect biased judgment. What Meta-Analysis Can Tell Us That Counting Cannot Our original paper (Ditto et al., 2018a) reports the results of a meta-analysis to summarize data from all 51 studies available in the literature from which we could extract useable data. B&J appear to reject our modern statistical approach in favor of counting subsets of studies that support or refute their preferred interpretation of the data. This, however, is not a valid quantitative strategy. B&J begin their case with a post-hoc reinterpretation of our findings based on 10 studies (out of 51) that found a statistically significant difference in degree of bias between liberals and conservatives. They then further parse this small proportion of studies to point out that among these 10 studies, three of four studies using nationally representative samples showed stronger bias in conservatives, whereas two of three studies using unrepresentative student samples showed greater bias in liberals. 1
Title : Selective glucocorticoid receptor modulation prevents and reverses non-1 alcoholic fatty liver disease in male mice 2 Short title : Selective GR modulator reverses liver steatosis

53 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) medication is an unmet need. Glucocorticoid stress 54 hormones (GC) drive fat metabolism in the liver, but both full blockade and full stimulation of GC 55 signaling aggravate NAFLD pathology. We investigated the efficacy of selective glucocorticoid 56 receptor (GR) modulator CORT118335, that recapitulates only a subset of GC actions, in reducing 57 liver lipid accumulation in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice received low-fat diet, or high-fat diet mixed 58 with vehicle or CORT118335. Livers were analyzed histologically and for genome-wide mRNA 59 expression. Functionally, hepatic long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) composition was determined by 60 gas chromatography. We determined very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) production by 61 treatment with a lipoprotein lipase inhibitor after which blood was collected to isolate radiolabeled 62 VLDL particles and ApoB proteins. CORT118335 strongly prevented and reversed hepatic lipid 63 accumulation. Liver transcriptome analysis showed increased expression of GR target genes 64 involved in VLDL production. Accordingly, CORT118335 led to increased lipidation of VLDL 65 particles, mimicking physiological GC action. Independent pathway analysis revealed that 66 CORT118335 lacked induction of GC-responsive genes involved in cholesterol synthesis and 67 LCFA uptake, which was indeed reflected in unaltered hepatic LCFA uptake in vivo. Our data thus 68 reveal that the robust hepatic lipid lowering effect of CORT118335 is due to a unique combination 69 of GR-dependent stimulation of lipid (VLDL) efflux from the liver, with a lack of stimulation of 70 GR-dependent hepatic fatty acid uptake. Our findings firmly demonstrate the potential use of 71 CORT118335 in the treatment of NAFLD and underscore the potential of selective glucocorticoid 72 receptor modulation in metabolic disease. 73
E-government: Designing IT Operating Model for Managing IT Services

— Carrying day-by-day tasks for providing IT services can be a nightmare and certainly daunting for everyone. Especially if there are no suitable means that can provide guidance to those who involved in the processes. This research aims to design an IT operating model that can help as a guidance in order to help manage IT services in general. By designing an IT operating model, the expectation is after the design process is finished later on, the IT operating model itself can provide information for those who involved in the processes to have a general understanding about how the services are managed .
The Huntington’s disease mutation impairs Huntingtin’s role in the transport of NF-kB from the synapse to the nucleus

Expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the Huntingtin (Htt) protein causes Huntington’s disease (HD), a fatal inherited neurodegenerative disorder. Loss of the normal function of Htt is thought to be an important pathogenetic component of HD. However, the function of wild-type Htt is not well defined. Htt is thought to be a multifunctional protein that plays distinct roles in several biological processes, including synaptic transmission, intracellular transport and neuronal transcription. Here, we show with biochemical and live cell imaging studies that wild-type Htt stimulates the transport of nuclear factor k light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) out of dendritic spines (where NF-kB is activated by excitatory synaptic input) and supports a high level of active NF-kB in neuronal nuclei (where NF-kB stimulates the transcription of target genes). We show that this novel function of Htt is impaired by the polyQ expansion and thus may contribute to the etiology of HD.
Evanescent Field Sensors Based on Si Photonics Concept and Characterization

We present a detailed study of Si-based optical waveguides, which can be used as evanescent field s ensors for the quantitative analysis of various gases and liqu ids. Waveguides were fabricated and experimentally chara cterized. Direct quantitative comparison of simulation with experimental results of directional coupling struct ures allows fine-tuning of the optical material parameters and provides important input for future sensor design. The conce pt was validated with quantitative CO2 measurements.
RAC GTPases Mediate Auxin-Induced Formation of Auxin/ Indole Acetic Acid–Containing Proteolytically Active Nuclear Protein Bodies in Tobacco and Arabidopsis Protoplasts

Auxin signaling relies on ubiquitin ligase SCFTIR1-mediated 26S proteasome-dependent proteolysis of a large family of short-lived transcription regulators, auxin/indole acetic acid (Aux/IAA), resulting in the derepression of auxin-responsive genes. We have shown previously that a subset of Rac GTPases is activated by auxin, and they in turn stimulate auxinresponsive gene expression. We show here that increasing Rac signaling activity promotes Aux/IAA degradation, whereas downregulating that activity results in the reduction of auxin-accelerated Aux/IAA proteolysis. Observations reported here reveal a novel function for these Rac GTPases as regulators for ubiquitin/26S proteasome-mediated proteolysis and further consolidate their role in auxin signaling. Moreover, our study reveals a cellular process whereby auxin induces and Rac GTPases mediate the recruitment of nucleoplasmic Aux/IAAs into proteolytically active nuclear protein bodies, into which components of the SCFTIR1, COP9 signalosome, and 26S proteasome are also recruited.
Numerical Methods for Eigenvalue Problems Lecture Notes

(I) . 131.5 QR-decomposition and applications . 141.5. 1 Orthogonal transformations . 141.5. 2 QR-decomposition . 151.5. 3 Example: Gram-Schmidt process for two vectors . 161.5. 4 Application: direct solution of linear systems . 171.5. 5 Application: solving least-squares problems . 171.6 Canonical forms of matrices . 181.6. 1 The Schur decomposition . 181.6. 2 Normal and diagonalizable matrices . 191.6. 3 The Singular Value Decomposition . 202 The Eigenproblem 232.1 Perturbation theory . 232.1. 1 Motivation to study perturbation theory . 242.1. 2 Classical perturbation bounds . 252.2 Pseudo-eigenvalues . 262.2. 1 Pseudo-eigenvalues and elementary properties . 263 Small Eigenproblems 293.1 The QR-iteration . 293.1. 1 QR-factorization of an upper Hessenberg matrix . 293.1. 2 The basic QR-iteration . 303.1. 3 Computational considerations . 313.2 The Power iteration . 323.2. 1 The QR-iteration with shifts . 343.2. 2 Real Schur Decomposition . 353
MICROAMBLYSTEGIUM – A NEW GENUS OF AMBLYSTEGIACEAE FROM SHIKOTAN ISLAND (SOUTH KURILS, RUSSIAN FAR EAST) MICROAMBLYSTEGIUM – НОВЫЙ РОД МХОВ ИЗ СЕМЕЙСТВА AMBLYSTEGIACEAE С ОСТРОВА ШИКОТАН (ЮЖНЫЕ КУРИЛЫ, РОССИЙСКИЙ ДАЛЬНИЙ ВОСТОК)

A molecular phylogenetic study based on the plastid trnL-trnF, atpB-rbcL and nuclear ITS sequences resolved an unnamed tiny saxicolous moss recently collected in Shikotan Island in a clade with Kandaea, Palustriella and Cratoneuron. At the same time, it markedly differs from them morphologically in having homogeneous stem cross section, weak single costa reaching only 0.3 to 0.7 of leaf length, and very weakly differentiated alar cells. The moss is therefore described here as Microamblystegium saxicola gen. and sp. nov. We speculate that it represents another specialized evolutionary lineage with miniaturized and simplified morphology likely associated with adaptation to growth in shaded cliff niches, matching a similar pattern observed in the recently described amblystegiaceous genus Arvernella. Such specialized lineages of minute saxicolous mosses remain poorly known due to their outstanding rarity.
A Drag Dominated Model of the Magellanic Stream

Abstract We present here the best of a series of models of the Magellanic stream. The dominant force in these models is gas drag. Gaseous cloudlets are torn from the bridge between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds as the Magellanic system passes through a hot gaseous halo about our galaxy. The cloudlets are then stretched apart from each other by tidal and drag forces to form the Magellanic stream. Our best model closely reproduces the position of the stream on the sky and the run of radial velocities along the Magellanic stream. The agreement is almost as good as the best purely tidal model. In our best model the Magellanic system is only loosely bound to our galaxy and is on the first encounter with it. This overcomes some of the problems with purely tidal models. Our series of models indicate that there is a wide range of parameters that will produce a reasonable stream under the forces of gas drag and gravity.
Treatment Failure in Femoral Neck Fractures in Adults Less Than 50 Years of Age: Analysis of 492 Patients Repaired at 26 North American Trauma Centers

Objectives: To assess the operative results of femoral neck fractures (FNFs) in young adults in a large multicenter series, specifically focusing on risk factors for treatment failure. Design: Large multicenter retrospective cohort series. Setting: Twenty-six North American Level 1 trauma centers. Patients: Skeletally mature patients younger than 50 years with displaced and nondisplaced FNFs treated between 2005 and 2017. Intervention: Operative repair of FNF. Main outcome measurements: The main outcome measure is treatment failure: nonunion and/or failed fixation, osteonecrosis, malunion, and need for subsequent major reconstructive surgery (arthroplasty or proximal femoral osteotomy). Logistic regression models were conducted to examine factors associated with treatment failure. Results: Of 492 patients with FNFs studied, a major complication and/or subsequent major reconstructive surgery occurred in 45% (52% of 377 displaced fractures and 21% of 115 nondisplaced fractures). Overall, 23% of patients had nonunion/failure of fixation, 12% osteonecrosis type 2b or worse, 15% malunion (>10 mm), and 32% required major reconstructive surgery. Odds of failure were increased with fair-to-poor reduction [odds ratio (OR) = 5.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.41–13.31], chronic alcohol misuse (OR = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.59–6.38), comminution (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.69–4.13), multiple screw constructs (vs. fixed-angle devices, OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.30–2.95), metabolic bone disease (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.17–2.67), and increasing age (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.06). Women (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.37–0.88), Pauwels angle ≤50 degrees (type 1 or 2; OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.41–0.98), or associated femoral shaft fracture (OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.10–0.33) had lower odds of failure. Conclusions: FNFs in adults <50 years old remain a difficult clinical and surgical problem, with 45% of patients experiencing major complications and 32% undergoing subsequent major reconstructive surgery. Risk factors for complications after treatment of displaced FNFs were numerous. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
CXCR3 antagonist AMG487 ameliorates experimental autoimmune prostatitis by diminishing Th1 cell differentiation and inhibiting macrophage M1 phenotypic activation

Chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is an inflammatory immune disease that is characterized by infiltrating inflammatory cells in the prostate and pelvic or by perineal pain. Receptor CXCR3modulates immune and inflammatory responses; however, the effects of CXCR3 antagonist AMG487 in the context of CP/CPPS are unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effect of AMG487 in experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) mice and explored the potential functional mechanisms.
Postsurgical Latent Pain Sensitization Is Driven by Descending Serotonergic Facilitation and Masked by µ-Opioid Receptor Constitutive Activity in the Rostral Ventromedial Medulla

Following tissue injury, latent sensitization (LS) of nociceptive signaling can persist indefinitely, kept in remission by compensatory µ-opioid receptor constitutive activity (MORCA) in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. To demonstrate LS, we conducted plantar incision in mice and then waited 3–4 weeks for hypersensitivity to resolve. At this time (remission), systemic administration of the opioid receptor antagonist/inverse agonist naltrexone reinstated mechanical and heat hypersensitivity. We first tested the hypothesis that LS extends to serotonergic neurons in the rostral ventral medulla (RVM) that convey pronociceptive input to the spinal cord. We report that in male and female mice, hypersensitivity was accompanied by increased Fos expression in serotonergic neurons of the RVM, abolished on chemogenetic inhibition of RVM 5-HT neurons, and blocked by intrathecal injection of the 5-HT3R antagonist ondansetron; the 5-HT2AR antagonist MDL-11 939 had no effect. Second, to test for MORCA, we microinjected the MOR inverse agonist d-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTAP) and/or neutral opioid receptor antagonist 6β-naltrexol. Intra-RVM CTAP produced mechanical hypersensitivity at both hindpaws; 6β-naltrexol had no effect by itself, but blocked CTAP-induced hypersensitivity. This indicates that MORCA, rather than an opioid ligand-dependent mechanism, maintains LS in remission. We conclude that incision establishes LS in descending RVM 5-HT neurons that drives pronociceptive 5-HT3R signaling in the dorsal horn, and this LS is tonically opposed by MORCA in the RVM. The 5-HT3 receptor is a promising therapeutic target for the development of drugs to prevent the transition from acute to chronic postsurgical pain. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Surgery leads to latent pain sensitization and a compensatory state of endogenous pain control that is maintained long after tissue healing. Here, we show that either chemogenetic inhibition of serotonergic neuron activity in the RVM or pharmacological inhibition of 5-HT3 receptor signaling at the spinal cord blocks behavioral signs of postsurgical latent sensitization. We conclude that MORCA in the RVM opposes descending serotonergic facilitation of LS and that the 5-HT3 receptor is a promising therapeutic target for the development of drugs to prevent the transition from acute to chronic postsurgical pain.
The impact of psychological factors on outcome after salvage surgery for wrist osteoarthritis

This prospective longitudinal study of 80 patients analysed the effect of preoperative pain catastrophizing, anxiety, depression and sense of coherence on the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation, quality of life, grip strength and range of motion during the first year after salvage surgery for wrist osteoarthritis. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyse the effect of the psychological factors on the outcome variables. Pain catastrophizing or a tendency for anxiety preoperatively had a strong negative impact on postoperative Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation. Anxiety also predicted a lower postoperative quality of life, whereas pain catastrophizing had a negative impact on grip strength. Sense of coherence did not influence the outcome. Level of evidence: II