Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HMM for MNIST Handwritten Digit Data Classiﬁcation and Reconstruction

—Hidden Markov Model is widely applicable in many area such as sequence prediction, speech recognition, bioinformatics, or any other ﬁelds where data is treated as time-series sequence data. In this paper, Mixed National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) handwritten digits dataset is treated as sequential time-series data, and ten HMM’s of each digit was correspondingly trained. These trained ten HMM’s can not only be used to predict and classify the random input digit, but also be used to reconstruct the image when the certain parts of the input image are missing. When the input image is complete, the ten trained HMM’s successfully classiﬁed the label at the accuracy of 70%. We assumed three major cases of which the input data could be incomplete – Bottom part missing, middle part missing, and randomly spotty. For those three types of incomplete data, reconstruction was done assuming the correct classiﬁcation. Our reconstruction method showed better results than other methods such as sample-mean ﬁll, SVD-soft ﬁll, three-nearest-neighbor ﬁll and nuclear-norm-minimization ﬁll.
Towards a Safe Development of Reconfigurable Robotic Systems

Developing reconfigurable robotic systems may be quite challenging. This contribution aims at proposing a new methodology to ensure the safety of such critical systems. It uses new tools and innovative concepts. To show the relevance of the said methodology, we apply the contribution to a real medical robotic system: BROS. Key–Words: Design, verification, implementation, re-configurable systems, UML, R-TNCES, robotic systems
Intelligent Prediction and Characteristic Recognition for Joint Delay of High Speed Railway Trains

摘 要 列车晚点预测及分析直接服务于高速铁路调度指挥, 是列车晚点研究的重点内容. 通过对列车晚点传播结构及传 播规律的分析, 提出了一种高速铁路列车连带晚点的智能预测及特征识别方法. 首先利用列车晚点自身传播及相邻线列车 晚点传播的关系, 构建基于小波神经网络的列车连带晚点递阶预测模型; 然后利用列车晚点波动的线性组合方程及其结构 向量, 进行列车连带晚点影响值的量化; 最后综合连带晚点的实际值、预测值和影响值, 将晚点分为严重晚点、消散晚点、潜 在晚点、一般晚点四种类型. 成渝高铁的实例数据表明, 小波神经网络的预测结果具有较高精度, 连带晚点的分类结果也比 较符合实际, 能够为高速铁路列车连带晚点的运行调整提供数据支撑. 关键词 铁路运输, 高速铁路, 列车连带晚点, 晚点预测, 特征识别, 神经网络 引用格式 张琦, 陈峰, 张涛, 袁志明. 高速铁路列车连带晚点的智能预测及特征识别. 自动化学报, 2019, 45(12): 2251−2259 DOI 10.16383/j.aas. c190188
The Effect of Factors Affecting Customers ’ Acceptance of Internet Banking Based on Their Initial Trust

Utilization of the information technology in e-banking leads to a decrease in geographical distance and time interval between the bank and the customer. It also yields a reduction in bank service offering costs and money transfers. Therefore, it increases the competition among banks and the quality of services, and ultimately changes the bank sumptuary structure and optimizes the banking industry purpose of the present research is to extract the effective factors on the e-banking acceptance based on the customers’ initial trust. After studying the empirical models and previous researches, and extracting the indices from various papers in the direction of the present research purposes, these factors were classified into several general categories, namely the perceived convenience, perceived profitability, perceived security, tendency to trust and the bank fame and reputation. The justifiability and stability of the questionnaire were confirmed using the formal justifiability and the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, respectively. The developed questionnaire studies a sample comprised of 610 customers of Tehran city banks. Using the descriptive and inferential statistical methods in the LISREL software environment and applying the confirmatory & operative analyzing tests, the structural equations showed that there is a meaningful relationship between the pre-mentioned factors on the e-banking acceptance based on the initial trust. The findings of the present research indicate that the perceived profitability has the highest effect on the e-banking acceptance based on the customers’ initial trust.
A Survey on mobility Models & Its Applications

— In this paper, we survey the current scenario available in the field of wireless ad-hoc network. The performance of mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) application depends on several parameters like no. of nodes, node density, communication traffic pattern, communicating range of a node, routing protocol, battery power of a node, mobility etc. Out of these mobility plays an important role. There are several types of Mobility model like Random Way Point (RWP), Mobility models with temporal dependency, mobility model with spatial dependency. We provide a discussion on the existing mobility models, their definitions and their limitations along with the simulation done so far in the field of it.
A Prediction of Rainfall Data Based On Support Vector Machine With Stochastic Gradient Descent

Predicting rainfall is part of the weather forecast, an activity that is difficult to do because it depends on various variables. The value of the dependent variable such as wind speed and direction, temperature, humidity, varies from time to time and the weather calculation varies according to geographical location and atmosphere. An accurate prediction model is needed to predict rainfall using Support Vector Machine with Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD-SVM) to replace the linear threshold used in traditional rainfall prediction activities. The selection of the right model parameters has an important impact on the accuracy of SVM predictions, and SGD is proposed to find the optimal parameters for SVM. The SGD-SVM algorithm is used in model training activities using historical data for rainfall prediction, which can be useful information and is used by governments and communities in making wise and smart decisions. The simulation shows that the proposed prediction model has an algorithm performance with much better accuracy than the traditional prediction model. On the other hand, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the SVM-SGD model used in machine learning and further promise scope for improvement because more and more relevant attributes can be used in predicting the dependent variable.
RingBOOM: An Implementation of a Novel High-Performance Banked Microarchitecture

Out-of-order superscalar microarchitectures are composed of structures which scale poorly with pipeline width in power, cycle time, and area. Many techniques have been proposed to reduce the cost of these structures, some of which have been applied to real microprocessors. A previously proposed banked microarchitecture called "RingScalar" [1] enables large reductions in the complexity of these structures by tailoring the architecture to common patterns in instruction streams, but has never been implemented. This work focuses on an implementation ("RingBOOM") of the RingScalar microarchitecture in the open-source Berkeley Out-of-Order Machine (BOOM). IPC degradation compared to the current BOOM microarchitecture is measured: a relative IPC of 0 . 82 was observed. Assessment of cycle time and area is then performed with a commercial FinFET technology: RingBOOM core variants achieved synthesized frequencies of up to 2 . 1 GHz and were about 25% smaller than the reference design.
Consumer Perceptions of Calorie Content in Fast-Food Restaurant Meals vs. Casual Dining Chain Meals

Background: The obesity epidemic in America is a growing cause for concern. Because frequency of dining outside the home is on the rise, accurate understanding of restaurants and the foods they serve is imperative. Purpose: It is the purpose of this study to determine how consumers perceive a food item in terms of calories and reputation at a fast-food restaurant, McDonald’s, in comparison to a similar food item at a casual dining restaurant chain, Applebee’s. This study fills a gap in the literature by providing a comparison of perception between fast food and full service restaurants menu offerings. Methods: Using a snowball sample, participants were recruited via email listserves at a large, public university in the Northeast United States to participate in a quantitative survey instrument to determine differences in perceptions of these restaurants. Participants were also asked to estimate the calories in three similar meals from each restaurant. Data was collected in LimeSurvey, and exported to SPSS where chi-square, descriptive, and paired sample t-test analyses were conducted. Results: Of the 195 participants, a large majority were female (69%), Caucasian (71%), and highly educated (60% possessing Bachelor or graduate degrees). Overwhelmingly, 90% of participants answered that they believed Applebee’s served more healthful food compared to McDonald’s. Participants indicated a higher mean satisfaction rating for taste, quality, and healthfulness compared to McDonald’s. Additionally, the caloric content of the McDonald’s burger and chicken sandwich meals were overestimated (overestimated as 1268 vs. 940 kcal, and 998 vs. 930 kcal, respectively), while the comparable burger and chicken sandwich meals from Applebee’s were underestimated (1261 vs. 1410 kcal, and 979 vs. 1410 kcal, respectively). Demographic information was collected to test for
Learning Chordal Markov Networks via Stochastic Local Search

We present a novel stochastic local search (SLS) approach for the computationally hard task of ﬁnding a chordal Markov network structure that maximizes a given scoring function (CMSL for short). Current state of the art in exact algorithms for CMSL only scale up to circa 20 variables. Beyond this, the scalability of exact approaches is obstructed by the drastically increasing number of clique scores which grows exponentially with the number of variables. We show that, in practice, using only a fraction of the running times of the exact approaches, our SLS approach provides optimal or very close to optimal solutions for instance sizes that are within the reach of exact algorithms. Furthermore, we propose an on-the-ﬂy clique score computation approach that enables scaling up our SLS approach towards hundreds of variables. In particular, on-the-ﬂy score computation circumvents the need to enforce low treewidth bounds, which enable pre-computation of scores before search, but which also may severely limit the accuracy of the learned models.
Endoglucanase Synthesis from Submerged Fermentation of Dried Grass by Streptomyces sp.

Endoglucanase was found to be produced by Streptomyces sp OM 09 using grass as sole carbon source. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the conditions for maximum activity and to understand the significance and interaction of the factors affecting the activity of endoglucanase production in submerged fermentation (SmF). The central composite design was employed to evaluate the effects of substrate concentration (0.1–3%, w/v), pH (4.0–9.0) and temperature 10–50° C. We found that substrate concentration, pH and temperature were the significant factors for the activity of endoglucanase and a quadratic polynomial equation was obtained for enzymatic activity. Highest enzyme production was achieved at a substrate concentration of 2.41%, pH 5.10 and temperature 39.84°C. The predicted activity was 1434 IU/ml under optimal conditions and the subsequent verification experiment with the activity of 1370 IU/ml confirmed the validity of the predicted model.
Estimation in Semantic Similarity of Texts

The semantic similarity of texts or documents has been widely studied in various areas including natural language processing, document comparison, artiﬁcial intelligence, semantic web, etc. Several similarity measures have been proposed but they are usually tied to special application domains or to data representation of various types. The purpose of this paper is to present a model for estimation in semantic similarity of texts based on similar sentences in structure of subjects, verbs and objects. And in turn, the semantic similarity of these components in the structure of sentences is estimated by means of the basic semantic similarity of words. The model is evaluated with two experiments: direct similarity and relative similarity among texts. The experimental results indicate that the proposed model is better than some baseline models in some circumstances.
DFT Study of Cs/Sr/Ag Adsorption on Defective Matrix Graphite

The geometries, adsorption energies, and electronic structures of Cs, Sr, and Ag atoms on matrix graphite surface with point defects were calculated and analyzed using the density functional theory (DFT) and the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) formulation of the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). Three different types of point defects, i.e., single vacancy and “bridge” and “spiro” interstitials are considered using approximate van der Waals (vdW) correction methods. The results of adsorption energies show that the metal fission products of Cs, Sr, and Ag are more stable on single vacancy defects than “bridge” or “spiro” interstitial defects. This is further confirmed by the analysis of electronic structures, such as charge density difference (CDD) and density of state (DOS). All these results indicate that dangling bonds play an important role in the adsorption behaviors of metallic fission products on matrix graphite.
Rapid Determination of Catechin Content in Black Tea by Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Catechin can effectively prevent the occurrence of cancers due to its strong antioxidant capacity. In this study, the catechin contents of black teas from 12 different regions of south China were investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy. Herein, the catechin contents of various black teas with constant concentration were determined at the optimal excitation and emission wavelength combining the standard addition method and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results indicated that there was a linear relationship between the obtained concentration and fluorescence intensity, where the R values were all greater than 0.99 and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.02 μg/mL. Furthermore, the content of catechin monomer in the chlorophyll environment was measured under the same experimental conditions to demonstrate the correctness of the above experimental methods. It revealed that the experimental error was about 1.14% compared with the actual content. The current work was proved to be an efficient way to detect fluorescence spectrum through diluting the concentration of tea samples, thereby increasing the determination limit of catechin.
 H Robust Control via Singular Value Decomposition as a Design Tool for Continuous Dynamic Systems

We present a novel generic tool to design the shape and location of an actuator for continuous elastic dynamic systems, i.e. essential properties of the actuators in order to generate a desired state profile. The main idea of the research is to generate an approximation via reduction of the number of actuators by using the singular value decomposition (SVD). SVD is a powerful and elegant method for data analysis aimed at obtaining low-dimensional approximation of high-dimensional data. We implement our work on the structural dynamics of a clamped elastic beam. By the use of Finite Difference Method (FDM), we divide the beam into discrete elements. Each element has the ability to translate and rotate with respect to the surrounding elements. By implementing the theory of robust  H control, we obtain the optimal control law with respect to the worst exogenous input. This and the use of SVD enables us to approximate efficiently the number of actuators needed. Thus, enabling us to reduce the number of actuators that are necessary in order to obtain a desirable state profile with a robust control law.
Census Methods for Eastern Gray Squirrels

Six methods were used to estimate abundance of eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) on 31.5 ha of deciduous forest in southwestern Pennsylvania. Among 3 methods based on multiple capture data, the Schnabel method gave the least variable estimates. The frequency-of-capture method yielded highly variable estimates, and the data did not fit well the probability distributions normally used for this method. Erratic estimates were also obtained from the Jolly method using 171 recaptures. The plot-removal method needed further study. However, time-area counts required fewer man-hours than did plot removal to achieve accuracy within 15 percent at the 90 percent confidence level. Response-to-call method showed no potential as an index to abundance of gray squirrels. None of the methods was judged satisfactory for extensive application for squirrel management. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 42(3):550-657 The main objective of this study was to compare reliability and practicality of 6 census methods for eastern gray squirrels. Abundance of tree squirrels has been estimated by many methods, but most of these have not been evaluated adequately. Mark-recapture methods are the most commonly used for squirrels. They are not always practical and are subject to error if assumptions on which the models are based are not met. With observational methods, such as time-area counts and flush counts, squirrels are counted during a given time along a transect or in a plot. Uhlig (1955) reported that counting leaf nests gave reliable estimates. However, this method has little potential where leaf nests are uncommon, as in the area where our study was done. Plot removal is a newer observational method which had not been field tested on squirrels. Another observational technique which has had limited use to census squirrels is to stimulate squirrels to make a vocal response and then count the number responding. Various other techniques have been based on number of squirrels caught or observed per unit of effort. Trap success depends on many factors other than population density; Friley (1955) found this method unreliable. Hunter success has been used as a census method, often with marking to obtain a Lincoln Index (Nixon et al. 1975). However, post factum estimates from harvest data have limited value for management of squirrels. A. Woolf, R. Sapalio, and A. Olsen assisted in this study, which was supported by a research grant from Rachelwood Wildlife Research Preserve. D. Heller, The Ohio State University, allowed us to use some of his data from a concurrent study on eastern gray squirrels.
Evidence from the merger of French regions

Using the 2016 merger of French regions as a natural experiment, this paper adopts a difference-in-difference identification strategy to recover its causal impact on individual subjective well-being. No depressing effect is found despite increased centralization and higher local public spending, an intended effect of the merger. Life satisfaction has even increased in regions that were absorbed from economic and political viewpoints. The empirical evidence suggests that local economic performance improved in the concerned regions, which includes a faster decline in the unemployment rate. In this setting, economic gains have likely outweighed cultural attachment to administrative regions.
All Along the Watchtower: Linear Defenses and the Introduction of Serfdom in Russia

Why did Russia enserf its previously free peasants, just as Western Europe was undergoing the opposite transition? Domar argued that Russia’s low population density would have resulted in a high equilibrium wage, and therefore created the incentives for the nobility to restrict labor mobility, so as to appropriate the agricultural surplus. However, while this explains the cross-sectional pattern, it cannot explain why serfdom was not reintroduced in the west after the Black Death. In this paper I propose a new theory, that argues that serfdom was necessary to ensure that the defense cordon against the Tatar slave raids from the south could be effectively manned. In support of my theory I demonstrate a geographic association between serfdom and the sequence of linear defenses employed. I also deploy spatial methods to calculate the optimal invasion routes for Tatars, as well as the optimal defense lines to block the raids. I find that modern patterns of development are significantly correlated with calculated defense lines towards the South, where nomadic raids made the cordon defense necessary, but not towards the West, where invaders had extensive logistical tails and could be effectively parried by blocking only the major roads. ∗Chapman University †Higher School of Economics
Simulation of Control Processes for Deposition of Nanofilms on Porous Alumina Substrates

The results of the investigation of deposition processes of nanofilms formation on amorphous aluminum oxide substrates are presented in the article. The study was carried out by mathematical modeling. The equations of molecular dynamics and the modified embedded atom method were used in solving the problem. The required temperature and pressure were maintained using a Nose-Hoover thermostat and barostat. The simulation was performed using the software package LAMMPS. In the work, the precipitation of molecular zinc sulphide in both pure form and addition of alloying elements was investigated. In all cases, the picture of overgrowing of porous substrates was obtained in a similar way. The pores were not completely filled with the deposited atoms, they only partially penetrated it. Directly above the pores a layer of zinc sulphide was formed, which began to form from the sides of the porous structures. Alloying additives processes of formation of nanofilms did not significantly change. To investigate the possibility of controlling the processes of deposition and formation of nanofilms and burying of porous templates, the angle to the normal line of the porous template in which the epitaxial atoms and molecules move to the deposition surface was selected as one of the modeling control parameters. The angle from the normal varied from 0 to 60 degrees. Another controlling parameter was the preheating temperature of the already formed film. The nanofilms were heated at elevated temperatures in the range 293-593 K and the result of the modification of the nanofilm was considered. Investigations of the possibility of controlling the growth processes of nanofilms, overgrowing porous substrates, and the formation of nanostructured coatings have shown that the epitaxial deposition angles and heating of the nanosystem to temperatures do not lead to a significant change in the formation of nanostructures. At the same time, there is a slight restructuring of the structure and internal organization of nanoelements, but there are no certain filling of the pores and changes in the properties of the nanofilms. Key-Words: epitaxy, nanofilms, simulation, porous substrates, LAMMPS, molecular dynamics, zinc sulphide, optical films. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on APPLIED and THEORETICAL MECHANICS Alexander Vakhrushev, Aleksey Fedotov, Rishat Valeev E-ISSN: 2224-3429 145 Volume 14, 2019
Nonlinear equilibria and transport processes in burning plasmas

In this work, we put forward a general phase space transport theory in axisymmetric tokamak plasmas based upon the concept of zonal state (ZS). Within this theoretical framework, the ZS corresponds to a renormalized plasma nonlinear equilibrium consisting of phase space zonal structures (PSZS) and zonal electromagnetic fields (ZFs) which evolve self-consistently with symmetry breaking fluctuations and sources/collisions. More specifically, our approach involves deriving governing equations for the evolution of particle distribution functions (i.e, PSZS), which can be used to compute the corresponding macro-/meso-scale evolving magnetized plasma equilibrium adopting the Chew Goldberger Low description, separating the spatiotemporal microscale structures. The nonlinear physics of ZFs and of geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs)/energetic particle driven GAMs is then analyzed to illustrate the applications of our theory.