Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Crude Oil Viscosity and Gas/Oil Ratio Curves Using Recent Advances to Neural Networks

This paper proposes and implements a new approach for predicting Pressure -Volume-Temperature (PVT) properties of crude oils. Instead of the usual single or multi-data point prediction for any crude oil PVT property that is described by a curve, the approach in this study predicts such a property over a specified range of required reservoir pressures. Moreover, the shapes of the predicted curves are smooth and consistent with the experimental curves. Prediction models based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and two of its advances; Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Functional Networks (FN), have been developed to execute the formulated approach. The approach has been demonstrated for viscosity and solution gas/oil ratio (GOR) curves. These two properties vary with reservoir pressures and they are often required to be estimated over a specified range of pressures. In this study, three different data sets have been used. The first Data set consists of 12 variables which are the predictors, including crude oil hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon compositions and some reservoir properties. The other two data sets consist of laboratory viscosity-pressure measurements and laboratory gas/oil ratio-pressure measurements for plotting the viscosity and solution GOR curves respectively. In the simulation results, SVR and FN give better performances than the conventional ANN technique. Graphical plots and two common statistical measures (root mean square error, RMSE, and absolute percent relative error, AAPRE) have been used to evaluate the performances of all the developed models.
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR THE REMOVAL OF DYE USING METAL-DOPED ALUMINA CATALYSTS

ABSTRACT The present study is related to the removal of colorants. Synthetic colorants represent a relatively large group of organic chemicals. Such chemicals have undesirable effects not only on the environment but also on human beings. Adsorption of dye such as Acid Red 4 on pure alumina and alumina supported metals was studied as a function of temperature, amount of adsorbent and shaking time. Alumina was doped with divalent metals such as nickel and zinc by the impregnation technique, making the Ni 0.001 –Al 2 O 3 , Ni 0.01 –Al 2 O 3 , Zn 0.001 –Al 2 O 3 , Zn 0.01 –Al 2 O 3 adsorption systems. A spectrophotometric technique was used for measuring the extent of adsorption. The data were fitted in Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm equations and their corresponding constants were calculated from the slopes and intercepts of their respective lines. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy change (∆ H ), free energy change (∆ G ), and entropy change (∆ S ) of adsorption were calculated by using Langmuir’s constant
Synthesis of Some New Heterocyclic Systems Bearing 2‐Phenyl‐6‐iodo‐4(3H)‐quinazolinon‐3‐yl Moiety as Antibacterial Agents.

A number of heterobicyclic systems bearing 2·phenyl-6-iodo-4(3H)·quinazolinon·3·yl moiety have been synthesised by interaction of 3-amino-2-phenyl-6-iodo-4(3H)-quinazolinone with bifunctional compounds followed by cyclisation in different media. Some of the com pounds possess high activity aganist bacteria.
Use of radiation grafted PVC–acrylamide membranes in radioactive waste treatment

Acrylamide monomer (AAm) was grafted onto poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films using γ-radiation to produce high performance functional membranes which can be employed as ion-exchangers. The preparation and characterization of the synthetic membranes are investigated. To elucidate their possible applications, some selected properties have been studied. In addition, thermal properties have been studied using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry; X-ray diffraction has been used to determine changes in polymer morphology. The selectivity of such membranes towards different radionuclides has also been investigated. On the basis of these investigations, the applicability of the prepared membranes is determined and discussed. The prepared PVC-g-PAAm has a great tendency to remove 60Co from a radioactive liquid waste containing both 60Co and 137Cs. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Corrigendum to "Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume V – heterogeneous reactions on solid substrates" published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10, 9059–9223, 2010

1Max-Planck-Institut f̈ ur Chemie, Division of Atmospheric Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany 2Laboratory of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, OFLB 103, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland 3Centre for Atmospheric Science, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EP, UK 4CSIRO Energy Technology, Lucas Heights Science and Technology Centre, Building 2, PMB7, Bangor, NSW 2234,
Neural System Identiﬁcation with Cortical Information Flow

Cortical information ﬂow (CIF) is a new framework for system identiﬁcation in neuroscience. CIF models represent neural systems as coupled brain regions that each embody neural computations. These brain regions are coupled to observed data speciﬁc to that region. Neural computations are estimated via stochastic gradient descent. We show using a large-scale fMRI dataset that, in this manner, we can estimate models that learn meaningful neural computations. Our framework is general in the sense that it can be used in conjunction with any (combination of) neural recording techniques. It is also scalable, providing neuroscientists with a principled approach to make sense of the high-dimensional neural datasets.
Spectral analysis of instantaneous powers in single-phase and three-phase systems with use of p-q-r theory

Instantaneous active power p, q-axis instantaneous reactive power q, and r-axis instantaneous reactive power q, have been defined as linearly independent of each others in the time domain in three-phase four-wire systems with the use of p-q-r theory. This paper renames the instantaneous active/reactive powers as instantaneous real/imaginary powers to distinguish them from the traditional definition of active/reactive powers. The instantaneous real/imaginary powers are analyzed at various circuit conditions in single-phase and three-phase systems. The q-axis instantaneous imaginary power q/sub q/, is orthogonal to the other two instantaneous powers p and q,. in the frequency domain. By analyzing the spectral distribution of the instantaneous powers p, q/sub q/, q, this paper proposes unified definitions for some power quality factors which can evaluate and identify the various circuit conditions both for single-phase and three-phase systems.
Photo-expansion in Ge-As-S amorphous film monitored by digital holographic microscopy and atomic force microscopy

Using Digital Holographic Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy we unambiguously observed considerable photo-expansion at around 3.5 % in virgin as well as in annealed Ge 26 As 7 S 67 amorphous films having the thickness around 740 nm. This photo-expansion seems to be relatively stable, since after one year ageing its value decreased from 26 nm to19 nm in annealed film, while no relaxation was observed for virgin film.
Molecular weight and humification index as predictors of adsorption for plant‐ and manure‐derived dissolved organic matter to goethite

Sorptive retention of organic matter is important in maintaining the fertility and quality of soils in agricultural ecosystems. However, few sorption studies have been conducted that use dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristic of agricultural amendments. We investigated the sorption to goethite (α‐FeOOH) of DOM extracted from: (i) above‐ground biomass of wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.), maize residue (Zea mays L.), soybean residue (Glycine max (L.) Merr. ), and hairy vetch residue (Vivia billosa L.); (ii) below‐ground biomass from maize, soybean, canola (Brassica napus L.), and green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.); and (iii) beef, dairy, poultry, and pig animal manures. The apparent molecular weight (MWAP) of the DOM was measured by high performance‐size exclusion chromatography and ranged from 312 to 1074 g mol−1. The carboxyl‐group content of the DOM measured by potentiometric titration ranged from 4.84 to 21.38 mmol(−) g−1 carbon. The humification index (HIX) determined by fluorescence spectrometry varied from 1.15 to 4.33. Sorption was directly related to both MWAP and HIX values of the DOM. Molecular weight analysis of the solution prior to and after sorption indicated that the DOM molecules > 1800 g mol−1 were preferentially sorbed, resulting in fractionation of the DOM upon reaction with goethite. The multiple regression equation, based only on MWAP and HIX parameters, explained 76% of the variance in amount of DOM sorbed. The results indicate that MWAP and HIX are important factors in controlling the sorption of DOM to mineral surfaces. Amendment with materials that release DOM of higher molecular weight and greater humification will result in enhanced initial sorption of DOM to soil solids, thereby contributing to accumulation of a larger soil organic C pool.
The incipience of nucleate boiling in forced convection flow

An analysis of the incipience of nucleate boiling is developed as a modification and extension of previous analyses. The results are compared with data for subcooled boiling of water in forced convection flow. Apparent anomalies in the data for the onset of boiling in two-phase gas-liquid flow are shown to be a result of a limited size range of cavities on the heater surfaces. Measurements of the surface characteristics of a copper heating tube were made and compared with incipient boiling heat transfer data taken in that tube. The results predicted from the theoretical analysis are consistent with the experimental heat transfer data.
The structure of electrolytes at charged surfaces: The primitive model

The effects of ion size on the structure of a primitive model electrical double layer at a charged surface is considered using the integral equation method based on a combined hypernetted chain and mean spherical approximation (HNC/MSA). The HNC/MSA is shown to be a nonlinear weak field approximation. The contact values of the surface ion distribution functions are shown to have the correct quadratic dependence on the surface charge density, An analytical comparison between the HNC/MSA and earlier work based on the modified Poisson–Boltzmann equation is given.
Processing and characterization of a TiO2 paste based on small particle size powders for dye‐sensitized solar cell semi‐transparent photo‐electrodes

The formulation and the preparation of a TiO2 paste for dye‐sensitized solar cell technology are proposed. The TiO2 paste is characterized in terms of rheology, morphology, cross section, specific surface area, and average pore size. A conversion efficiency of 7.42% without any chemical treatment or scattering layer was obtained using the optimal thickness of 11 µm as carried out in this work. The results over different batches of the paste confirm the stability and the reproducibility. The characterization of the TiO2 semi‐transparent film is completed by investigating the dye adsorption saturation time after cyclic dye dipping steps through UV–Vis spectra measurements. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vapor−Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 10. Organic Compounds Containing Halogens

This review is part 10 of a series of contributions by the critical properties group of the previous IUPAC Commission I.2 on Thermodynamics, Subcommittee on Thermodynamic Data and the present IUPAC Project #2000-026-1-100, Critical Compilation of Vapour Liquid Critical Properties, sponsored by the Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division. It presents all known experimental data for the critical constants of hydrocarbons containing halogens. Recommendations are given together with uncertainties. Critical temperatures have been converted to ITS-90, and the molar masses are based on the relative atomic masses recommended by the IUPAC-CIAAW in 2005.
Genomic signatures of divergent selection for production and adaptation in domestic goats (Capra hircus)

Background : Goats are distributed worldwide and include many breeds with marked phenotypic variation. Both natural and human driven processes have shaped their genomes. Here, 52K genome-wide SNP genotypes were used to investigate signatures of divergent selection between indigenous goats from an arid hot environment in Egypt and breeds developed under temperate environments in Europe. Three selection signature approaches were used, the di derivative of F ST , iHS and Rsb. Results: Out of a total of 36 candidate regions that were detected to be under selection by the three approaches, the analysis detected nine regions with the strongest selection signatures spanning 134 genes of which 68 were the most significantly functionally enriched. In addition to well-known genes affecting dairy traits ( LAP3 , ABCG2 , MEPE , IBSP , MED28 ) and body weight and stature ( LCORL , NCAPG , CCSER1 , DCAF16 ) in several mammalian species, we found evidence for selection in regions spanning genes implicated in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis and metabolic pathways ( PI4K2B and PPARGC1A ), inflammatory gene expression and autoimmune response pathways ( CXCL8 , HERC5 , RGS18 , TROVE2 ) and spermatogenesis ( SPATA18 , LAP3 ). Other genes not reported before in goats included SLIT2 , PACRGL , GRP125 , DHX15 , SOD3 and KCNIP4 which have been associated with thermal nociception in mice. We also detected a paralog of TBC1D12 , namely TBC1D14 , in one of the candidate regions. TBC1D12 has been linked to environmental adaptation in sheep. Gene ontology analysis revealed the 68 candidate genes were highly enriched in two biological processes viz regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0045744) and cellular response to stress (GO:0033554). Conclusions: Our results provide evidence that goat genomes have evolved, in part, via diverse positive selection directed at breed formation, at past and recent genetic improvement and adaptation to environments. Based on their uniqueness, these breed-group specific signatures of selection can be considered to be footprints of divergence which may be useful in characterizing genome architecture and diversity in domestic animals and for targeted genetic improvement.
Investigation of Acute Liver Toxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Artemisia Austriaca J. Jacq.

Summary The aim of this study was to investigate hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of Artemisia austriaca J. Jacq. essential oil (AA). Artemisia groups were injected AA in doses of 0.05 mL/kg (AA-I), 0.1 mL/kg (AA-II) and 0.2 mL/kg (AA-III) in both inflammatory and hepatotoxicity experiments. The hepatotoxicity was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration. Artemisia did not have an anti-inflammatory effect matching to that of control group at any doses. It was found that reduction in inflammation was 96.62% with indomethacin, 5.71% with AA-I, 10.54% with AA-II and 31.37% with AA-III. AA-I significantly reduced the serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels when compared to the CCl4 group. The histopathological findings showed a significant difference between the AA-I and CCl4 groups. The results showed that Artemisia austriaca J. Jacq. had considerable hepatoprotective activity while it did not show an anti-inflammatory activity.
Plasma Membrane from Muskmelon Leaves: Purification and Lipid Composition during Growth at 15 or 30C

Using an aqueous polymer two-phase (polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3400/dextran T500, 6.2% : 6.2%, w/w) partitioning procedure combined with isopycnic fractionation, plasma membranes derived from muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulates Naud.) leaf blades have been isolated and examined for marker enzyme activity, density, and molecular composition. After aqueous polymer partitioning, plasma membranes were centrifuged on a linear sucrose density gradient, and a single band was found at the 31% (w/w) sucrose (1.13 g-cm -3 ). Identificatio n of plasma membranes was performed by the combination of K + -stimulated ATPase, pH 6.5, vanadate inhibition of ATPase and KNO3-insensitive ATPase activity. Plasma membranes from seedling leaves grown for 5 days at 15C had the highest concentration of total phospholipids, the lowest concentration of proteins, and a total sterol concentration not signif- icantly different from leaves grown at 30C. The total sterol to total phospholipid ratio of the plasma membrane from leaves grown for 5 days at 15C was 1:1; from leaves grown for 10 days at 15C or 5 days at 30C the ratio was 2:1; and from leaves grown for 10 days at 30C the ratio was 3:1. The plasma membrane phospholipid saturated to unsaturated fatty acid ratio from leaves grown for 5 days at 15C was 0.8:1.0; from leaves grown for 10 days at 15C or 5 days at 30C the ratio was 1.0:1.0; and from leaves grown for 10 days at 30C it was 1.4:1.0.
STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE PROMOTION OF THE SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE ANALYTICAL SYSTEM

Solutions to improve the performance of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analytical method are studied in the article. The SPR analytical system based on the Spreeta sensor was fabricated. The temperature dependence of this analytical system was assessed to establish a precise and miniature temperature regulator with rapid response for homeothermy. In terms of the features of the monitored RI's noise, the Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT)–based signal post-processing algorithm was employed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and lower the detection limit. Associated with an ion chromatography system, the system was employed to detect separation behavior of mixture including glucose, fructose, and galacitiol. Acceptable repeatability was achieved with relative standard deviation (RSD) 2.29% (n = 6). According to the calibration curve, it provides detection limit of 116 mg/L sucrose and 186 mg/L galactose. The dynamic range provided an excellent linearity with correlation coefficients greater than 0.997.
A Pilot Study on Performance of a Membrane Bio‐Reactor in Treating Fresh Water Sewage and Saline Sewage in Hong Kong

Abstract The results of two pilot studies of an immersed membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating fresh water and saline sewage in Hong Kong are presented. The objectives were to demonstrate suitability of the MBR technology to the treatment of Hong Kong sewage and its ability to achieve total nitrogen removal effectively. When operated in nitrification/denitrification mode, the MBR was able to achieve 98% BOD removal, 90–93% COD removal and 82–84% total nitrogen removal with a HRT of 6.8 hours and 300% internal flow recirculation. Very low effluent NH4 +‐N levels were observed throughout the study suggesting complete nitrification. The MBR was able to achieve full denitrification utilizing organic matter in the raw sewage as a carbon source. The nitrogen removal capacity of the MBR was limited by nitrogen loadings rather than the biological activity in the reactor. The results did not indicate any significant differences in treatment performances with fresh water and saline sewage except that a higher frequency of membrane cleaning was required for the latter.
Drop-Out Prediction in Higher Education Among B40 Students

Malaysia citizens are categorized into three different income groups which are the Top 20 Percent (T20), Middle 40 Percent (M40), and Bottom 40 Percent (B40). One of the focus areas in the Eleventh Malaysia Plan (11MP) is to elevate the B40 household group towards the middle-income society. In 2018, it was estimated that 4.1 million households belong to this group. The government of Malaysia has widened access to higher education for the B40 group in an effort to reduce the gaps in socioeconomics and to improve their living standards. Statistical data shows that since 2013, a yearly intake of students in bachelor's degree programs in Malaysia's public universities amounts to more than 85,000. Despite this huge number of enrolments, not all were able to graduate, including students from low-income family background. Data mining approach with machine learning techniques has been widely used effectively and accurately to predict students at risk of dropping out in general education. However, machine learning related works on student attrition in Malaysia's higher education is generally lacking. Therefore, in this research, three machine learning models were developed using Decision Tree, Random Forest and Artificial Neural Network algorithm in order to classify attrition among B40 students in bachelor's degree programs in Malaysia's public universities. Comparative performance analysis between the three models indicates that the Random Forest model is the best model in predicting student attrition in this study. Random Forest model outperforms the other two models in terms of accuracy, precision, recall and Fmeasure with the value of 95.93%, 97.10%, 81.26% and 88.50%, respectively. Nevertheless, there is a statistically significant difference in performance between the Random Forest model and Decision Tree model but no statistically significant difference between Random Forest models and Artificial Neural Network model. Keywords—Machine learning; prediction; student attrition; student drop-out; B40; random forest; decision tree; artificial neural network
Delinking and environmental Kuznets curves for waste indicators in Europe

Abstract The paper provides preliminary empirical evidence on delinking trends concerning waste indicators in Europe. First, methodological issues regarding the analysis of delinking are discussed, and the related Environmental Kuznets Curves literature is critically examined. Then, European-level data on municipal and packaging waste are investigated by panel data approaches, examining different EKC specifications. For packaging and municipal waste flows, decoupling seems to occur, at best, only on a relative basis. No significant evidence in favour of an inverted U-shape Kuznets curve is found. Europe as a whole seems to be still lagging behind in reaching the critical turning point of the relationship between waste and household consumption. Our results suggest some possible advantages and limitations of panel data for a set of relatively homogenous countries as well as the possible added value of further delinking analyses for specific waste materials and/or single countries. Although preliminary, depending on available data, results suggest that waste prevention, claimed as a priority by EU waste policy, has not been successfully pursued by European and national policies in practice.
FERTILIZER RATE EFFECTS ON FORAGE YIELD STABILITY AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF MIDLAND BERMUDAGRASS

Our objectives were to document effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizer rates on forage yields and uptake of N, P, and K by Midland bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ] on a Minco fine, sandy loam in southern Oklahoma. After six years of this long-term experiment, forage yield responses to fertilization were mixed and depended on year. Stability analysis indicated forage yields responded positively to N fertilization during favorable weather conditions but negatively during poor weather conditions. Application of 112 kg N ha−1 provided the best yield stability and mean annual forage yield among treatments, 11.5 Mg ha−1, across years. In years with near-average weather conditions, uptake of N, P, and K increased linearly with N application rate. Limited water holding capacity of the soil and high soil P and K may have contributed to the limited yield responses to fertilization in this semi-arid environment.