Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capacity Analysis of an AF Relay Cooperative NOMA System Using MRC

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is widely studied in both academia and industry due to its high spectral efficiency over orthogonal multiple access (OMA). To effectively improve spectrum efficiency, an amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperative NOMA system is proposed as well as a novel detection scheme is proposed, in which we first perform successive interference cancellation (SIC) twice at U1 for the two signals received from two time slots to remove interference from symbol 2, then two new signals apply max ratio combining (MRC). In addition, a closed-form upper bound approximation for the ergodic capacity of our proposed system is derived. Monte-Carlo simulations and numerical analysis illustrate that our proposed system has better ergodic capacity performance than the conventional cooperative NOMA system with decode-forward (DF) relay, the conventional cooperative NOMA system with AF relay and the proposed AF cooperative NOMA system in [16]. In addition, we can see that ergodic capacity of all NOMA cooperative systems increase with the increase of transmit SNR. Finally, simulations display that power allocation coefficients have little effect on ergodic capacity of all NOMA cooperative systems. This is due to this fact that ergodic capacity of two symbols can be complementary with changing of power allocation coefficients.
A 13 kV 4H-SiC n-Channel IGBT with Low Rdiff,on and Fast Switching

For the first time, high power 4H-SiC n-IGBTs have been demonstrated with 13 kV blocking and a low Rdiff,on of 22 mWcm2 which surpasses the 4H-SiC material limit for unipolar devices. Normally-off operation and >10 kV blocking is maintained up to 200oC base plate temperature. The on-state resistance has a slight positive temperature coefficient which makes the n-IGBT attractive for parallel configurations. MOS characterization reveals a low net positive fixed charge density in the oxide and a low interface trap density near the conduction band which produces a 3 V threshold and a peak channel mobility of 18 cm2/Vs in the lateral MOSFET test structure. Finally, encouraging device yields of 64% in the on-state and 27% in the blocking indicate that the 4H-SiC n-IGBT may eventually become a viable power device technology.
Wireless power using magnetic resonance coupling for neural sensing applications

Various wireless power transfer systems based on electromagnetic coupling have been investigated and applied in many biomedical applications including functional electrical stimulation systems and physiological sensing in humans and animals. By integrating wireless power transfer modules with wireless communication devices, electronic systems can deliver data and control system operation in untethered freely-moving conditions without requiring access through the skin, a potential source of infection. In this presentation, we will discuss a wireless power transfer module using magnetic resonance coupling that is specifically designed for neural sensing systems and in-vivo animal models. This research presents simple experimental set-ups and circuit models of magnetic resonance coupling modules and discusses advantages and concerns involved in positioning and sizing of source and receiver coils compared to conventional inductive coupling devices. Furthermore, the potential concern of tissue heating in the brain during operation of the wireless power transfer systems will also be addressed.
Reexamination of Critical Period for Reservoir Design and Operation

Reservoir operating rules are often based on deterministic models using critical period (CP) analysis, which results in very conservative decisions. CP is defined as the historical hydrologic period that includes the lowest flow or the most severe drought, which represents functionally as the full-empty cycle of reservoir storage under a given firm yield. This paper compares CP with another time scale, the forecast horizon (FH) underlying hedging rule policies for reservoir operation. When the decisions in the initial few periods are not affected by forecast data beyond a certain period, the period is known as FH, and the number of the initial periods is known as the decision horizon. When a reservoir operation policy follows the concept of CP, CP is used as FH and the optimal yield generated within the FH is the firm yield. FH as long as the CP is not realistic because in the real world data for a such a long future period is unavailable; and using CP as FH is not effective either, because CP—the longest.
Infrared Scene Displays And Their Use In Detector And Processor Assessment

Broad bandwidth infrared display systems have been developed for use in evaluating infrared imagers and processors. The displays use electrically heated diode resistor arrays as the emitting devices which are line at a time addressed. The displays have a black body emission spectrum and accept data electronically. Maximum display temperature exceeding 25K, temperature resolution of 0.1K and a time constant of 10 msec have been demonstrated in a 100 line system.
Comparative study of numerical methods used in modeling of photonic crystal fibers

In this article, we present a performance comparison, in terms of accuracy and computational cost, of the numerical techniques used in the resolution of the models of photonic crystal fibers.These models allow to obtain the electromagnetic field distributions and, once known this one, the dispersion parameter and the nonlinear coefficient. In this study, we conclude that the central finite difference scheme of fourth order would be the most advantageous. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1049–1053, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27504
Dielectric‐EBG covered conical antenna for UWB applications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate of the ultra‐wide band (UWB) characteristics of a conical antenna covered by an electromagnetic band‐gap (EBG) structure composed of alternating high‐ and low‐permittivity dielectric spherical shells.Design/methodology/approach – A finite difference time domain in spherical coordinates is implemented in order to characterize the antenna's performance and waveform fidelity in case an UWB pulse is used. The method of projected effective permittivity is used in order to treat accurately the dielectric interfaces between the dissimilar spherical shells.Findings – The design achieves a very wide impedance bandwidth above 5.5 GHz and presents UWB radiation characteristics and high average gain over the whole bandwidth. The radiation patterns are monopole‐like and their frequency dependence is small in the whole UWB frequency band. A time domain study has shown that the antenna distorts the excitation pulse in a moderate way.Originality/value – In this paper,.
On-orbit absolute temperature calibration using multiple phase change materials: overview of recent technology advancements

NASA's anticipated plan for a mission dedicated to Climate (CLARREO) will hinge upon the ability to fly SI traceable standards that provide irrefutable absolute measurement accuracy. As an example, instrumentation designed to measure spectrally resolved infrared radiances will require high-emissivity calibration blackbodies that have absolute temperature uncertainties of better than 0.045K (3 sigma). A novel scheme to provide absolute calibration of temperature sensors onorbit, that uses the transient melt signatures from multiple phase change materials, has been demonstrated in the laboratory at the University of Wisconsin and is now undergoing technology advancement under NASA Instrument Incubator Program funding. Using small quantities of phase change material (less than half of a percent of the mass of the cavity), melt temperature accuracies of better than 10 mK have been demonstrated for mercury, water, and gallium (providing calibration from 233K to 303K). Refinements currently underway focus on ensuring that the melt materials in their sealed confinement housings perform as expected in the thermal and microgravity environment of a multi-year spaceflight mission. Thermal soak and cycling tests are underway to demonstrate that there is no dissolution from the housings into the melt materials that could alter melt temperature, and that there is no liquid metal embrittlement of the housings from the metal melt materials. In addition, NASA funding has been recently secured to conduct a demonstration of this scheme in the microgravity environment of the International Space Station.
ESTIMATING MEAN AND VARIANCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES WITH BELOW DETECTION LIMIT OBSERVATIONS

: Left-censoring of data sets complicates subsequent statistical analyses. Generally, substitution or deletion methods provide poor estimates of the mean and variance of censored samples. These substitution and deletion methods include the use of values above the detection limit (DL) only, or substitution of 0, DL/2 or the DL for the below DL values during the calculation of mean and variance. A variety of statistical methods provides better estimators for different types of distributions and censoring. Maximum likelihood and order statistics methods compare favorably to the substitution or deletion methods. Selected statistical methods applicable to left-censoring of environmental data sets are reviewed with the purpose of demonstrating the use of these statistical methods for coping with Type I (and Type II) left-censoring of normally and log-normally distributed environmental data sets. A PC program (UNCENSOR) is presented that implements these statistical methods. Problems associated with data sets with multiple DLs are discussed relative to censoring methods for life and fatigue tests as recently applied to water quality data sets.
ASIC based recorders of electrophysiological signals

The ability of application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) to minimise the size and power consumption of electronic circuitry, makes their application to the design of ambulatory monitoring equipment, an attractive option. To this end, a multi-purpose mixed analogue and digital ASIC has been fabricated and incorporated into both a long-term recorder of adult heart rate (HR) and a recorder of electrophysiological signals. The adult HR recorder has been employed in a study of long-term daily HR patterns, which verified the ambulatory nature of this instrument, as well as its suitability for investigating HR variability. The electrophysiological signal recorder uses the ASIC to amplify, filter and digitise signals, which are then stored directly into static RAM. The analogue front-end of this instrument is flexible in terms of gain, bandwidth and sampling frequency allowing it be applied to a whole range of signals. This instrument has been used to record the antepartum fetal HR, as part of the development of an ambulatory, ASIC based recorder of fetal HR (FHR). These recordings have shown that a usable signal can be obtained from a mother in her home environment, whilst in various postures. The electrophysiological signal recorder has also been used to record the electrohysterogram (EHG), which is the name given to the electrical activity of the uterus, from abdominal electrodes during labour. A strong correlation was found to exist between tocographs derived from the EHG and tocographs produced by conventional means.
Diagnosis of failures in Solar Plants based on Performance monitoring

Photovoltaic (PV) solar energy has become a reference in electrical generation. The plants currently installed, and those planned have a huge capacity and occupy large areas. The increase in size of the plants presents new challenges in operation and maintenance areas, such as the optimization of the number of sensors installed, large data management and the reduction of the timework in maintenance. The aim of this paper is to show a methodology, to diagnose failures, based on the measured data in the plant. The methodology used is supervised regression machine learning and comparison algorithms. This methodology allows the study of the sensors, the inverters, the joint boxes and the power reduction caused by soiling. The result would allow the detection of around 1-5% of production loss in the plant. The algorithms have been tested with real data of PV plants, and have detected common failures such as production drops in strings and losses due to soiling.
Feasibility Study on Using a Single Mixer Pump for Tank 241-AN-101 Waste Retrieval

The objective of this evaluation was to determine whether a single rotating pump located 20 ft off-center would adequately mix expected AN-101 waste. Three-dimensional, AN-101 pump jet mixing simulation results indicate that a single, 20-ft off-centered mixer pump would mobilize almost all solids even at the furthest tank wall for sludge yield strength up to 150 Pa or less. Because the yield strength of the AN-101 waste was estimated to be less than 150 Pa, the AN-101 pump mixing model results indicate that a single mixer pump would be suffice to mobilize bulk of the disturbed and diluted AN-101 solids.
Laser Ablation as Enabling Technology for the Structuring of Optical Multilayer Structures

In this paper, laser ablation is presented as a versatile technology that can be used for the fabrication of all building blocks and functional elements required for an optical interconnection, integrated in printed circuit boards (PCBs). The integration of optical interconnections in PCBs is an emerging field in which interest worldwide is rapidly growing. The limiting factor is mainly the compatibility of new technologies, used to define and fabricate the optical interconnections, with standard FR4-processing steps, temperatures and lamination pressures. Laser ablation, which is currently frequently used for the drilling of electrical micro-vias in PCBs, has proven to be fully compatible with standard PCB manufacturing. An optical two layer structure is studied that can make full use of the functionalities of 2D elements such as VCSEL or photodiode arrays.
Rugged, Scramjet Inlet Temperature and Velocity Sensor: Design and Ground Test

The design and testing of a gas temperature and velocity scramjet engine inlet sensor based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy of oxygen is discussed. The robustness and stability of the optical design necessitated by the dynamic vibrational and thermal environment were balanced against the need for compact size and very high signal-to-noise ratio in a low-pressure, high-altitude flight regime. Test results demonstrated very good mechanical and thermal stability and an adequate signal-to-noise ratio for altitudes up to 30 km with predicted O2 absorbance peaks greater than the signal standard deviation by a factor of more than 3.
Elimination of the multiple‐solutions ambiguity in permittivity extraction from transmission‐only measurements of lossy materials

A simple yet powerful method is proposed for removing the multiple solutions problem in the complex permittivity, ϵ, determination from measured transmission scattering (S‐) parameter measurements of lossy materials. The method uses amplitude‐only measurements at two slightly separated frequencies to estimate an accurate initial guess. For this purpose, we derive a one‐variable objective function for fast evaluation, which lends itself to measurement automation. The method provides an estimation for real and imaginary parts of the ϵ, which can be utilized as a measure for checking the correctness of initial ϵ estimate. The method is very useful for band‐limited measurements. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 337–341, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24048
Research on Functional Testing of Substation Equipment On-Line Monitoring System

The functional testing is necessary based on the analysis the shortage of substation equipment on-line monitoring system, such as the problems about difficult interoperability and data sharing in case of the various communication protocols. The substations function is described in detail before introduce the functional testing. In this paper, the system functional testing was given under two kinds of environment. One is the testing platform is used to debugging instrument, another is used to the device for signal-input source and analysis. Finally, a method for substation equipment functional testing of IEC 61850-based system is presented which will contribute to the effectiveness and equivalences of the testing.
Image Overlapping Technique without Model for Large LoD Terrain Based on GPU

There are many difficulties in image overlapping in 3D terrain of dynamic LoD quad tree model, it will cause gaps between terrain tiles and images if both of them are expressed independently. This paper breaks through the LoD mesh difficulties, and realizes image overlapping based on GPU programming without modeling. It establishes different texture coordinate transformational relationships in GPU to realize seamless expression between terrain texture and overlapping image based on setting terrain vertexes with global unified texture coordinate. The affine transformation is adopted to solve the difficulty of multiple spatial nonlinear transformations aiming to the interaction of image overlapping, and also to solve the non-synchronous problem of texture coordinate in interaction. At last, the conclusion may be achieved. Image overlapping technique in LoD terrain without modeling based on GPU is a typical case of render technology to solve application difficulties, the realization is simple, efficient and steady which only faces to single terrain tile. This research will greatly enhance the ability of Digital Earth, which completely clear an important technical barriers and promote the applications in GeoDesign.
Real-time health monitoring of civil infrastructure systems in Colombia

Colombia's topography, climatic conditions, intense seismic activity and acute social problems place high demands on the nations deteriorating civil infrastructure. Resources that are available for maintenance of the road and railway networks are often misdirected and actual inspection methods are limited to a visual examination. New techniques for inspection and evaluation of safety and serviceability of civil infrastructure, especially bridges, must be developed. Two cases of civil structures with health monitoring systems in Colombia are presented in this paper. Construction of the Pereria-Dos Quebradas Viaduct was completed in 1997 with a total cost of 58 million dollars, including 1.5 million dollars in health monitoring instrumentation provided and installed by foreign companies. This health monitoring system is not yet fully operational due to the lack of training of national personnel in system operation and extremely limited technical documentation. In contrast to the Pereria-Dos Quebradas Viaduct monitoring system, the authors have proposed a relatively low cost health monitoring system via telemetry. This system has been implemented for real-time monitoring of accelerations of El Hormiguero Bridge spanning the Cauca River using the Colombian Southwest Earthquake Observatory telemetry systems. This two span metallic bridge, located along a critical road between the cities of Puerto Tejada and Cali in the Cauca Valley, was constructed approximately 50 years ago. Experiences with this system demonstrate how effective low cost systems can be used to remotely monitor the structural integrity of deteriorating structures that are continuously subject to high loading conditions.
Study for performance of thermo-optic matrix switches with flexible switching units and Banyan networks

A large-scale optical matrix switch is generally composed of a permutation of switching units connected by a network of optical signal paths. In this work, a configuration of optical matrix switches with flexible switching units and Banyan networks is proposed. With Banyan networks, silica-based waveguides, and two types of switching units, the insertion loss of the optical matrix switch configuration is extensively studied for serial scales from 2×2 to 64×64. Typically for an 8×8 optical matrix switch, the insertion losses are achieved 3.0 dB for a rearrangeably nonblocking configuration with two-state 2×2 switching units, and 4.7 dB for a strictly nonblocking configuration with three-state 2×2 switching units when the intersection angle is designed as 30 deg. Even at the released intersection angle of 20 deg, the insertion losses of 4.0 and 5.8 dB can be achieved for the rearrangeably nonblocking and strictly nonblocking configurations, respectively. In addition, the blocking property and the scalability of the large-scale matrix optical switches with this regime are analyzed.
Calculation of Energy Consumption during Manufacturing Processes

During manufacturing processes, firstly the raw materials are mined or recovered from ore. Then the raw materials are machined to obtain the qualified component. In this paper, energy consumption of manufacturing processes is calculated. During the manufacturing processes, usually several stages are needed, which are rough machining, semi-finish machining and finish machining. After each stage is finished, the components are inspected and classified into three groups: (1) those below the specification, (2) those within the specification, (3) those above the specification. For each category, the corresponding energy consumption is calculated. At last, the energy consumption of whole manufacturing processes is obtained.
Design Sensitivity Analysis of Structural Systems

This volume presents a treatment of structural design sensitivity analysis. Both the mathematical and engineering foundations of design sensitivity analysis of structural systems are examined with a broad range of applications to structural components and structural systems. This work considers finite element models, design distribution of material described by functions and shape, and built-up structures that are composed of interconnected components. Each chapter includes problem formulation, examples, method development, illustrations, and theoretical foundations.
Ontology Based The Chatbot on Social Media Marketing for Community Enterprise

Communicating with customers is the key to maintaining relationships so that customers are loyal to the business. But employees in the organization are unable to support or keep contact with the customer all day, especially for community enterprise with limited budgets. The chatbot is one of the tools that can increase the efficiency of automated communication with customers at all times. This paper presents Thai chatbot on social media marketing for community enterprise using the ontology technique. To develop a semi-automatic approach to create query terms and answers in different styles of response which is related to describe the features of online community product purchases for online buyers with community enterprise. The Longest matching approach was used to increase the capability of the Thai word segmentation, thus providing detailed and accurate information. The results show effectiveness and evaluation in terms of the accuracy of the classification and relationship of ontology and black box testing at the high-level while being used has high consensus both experts and users.