Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of optimal frequencies for electrical impedance-based diagnosis of osteoporosis based on numerical modeling of cancellous bone tissue

Abstract In recent years, the degree of spread of osteoporosis in men and women has increased considerably. According to the existing statistics 20 percent of women above the age 50 are suffering from osteoporosis and the degree of its growth has been more among men rather than women. In the following research, a three-dimensional electrical computer model of cancellous bone tissue has been presented which consists of a unit cell made of cortical bone where we adjust the amount of bone density as desired. Using a commercial electromagnetics simulation software, we put the intended piece under the effect of electric field and calculate the electric current and extract the impedance of the tissue. Considering the fact that the electrical properties of the components of the intended piece is different for each frequency, the obtained impedance would be variable with frequency. Changes of the impedance caused by alteration of the bone density, can thus be computationaly estimated and leads to a model-based estimation of impedance sensitivity to changes in bone density. Consequently, it would be advantageous to find a frequency range that causes the highest relative change in the amount of the impedance as bone density is varied. The obtained results in a wide frequency range of 1 kHz – 1 GHz indicated that by the alteration of the bone density from 10 to 30 percent, the highest sensitivity in the electrical properties of cancellous bone occurres at frequencies less than 100 kilohertz.
Understanding Vendor Selection in Crowdsourcing Marketplace: A Matter of Vendor-Task Fit and Swift Trust

With the development of global crowdsourcing marketplace, clients now search for online vendors that meet their various requirements. In spite of this popularity, little research to date examines how clients make the vendor selection decision. In that vendor selection in outsourcing has long been an important IS research topic, this issue is worthy of investigation in the similar but different crowdsourcing marketplace. Based on previous literature, we propose the concept of vendor-task fit in this study and test its relationship to vendor selection. In addition, we posit that swift trust also influences client decisions. Our research model is being tested through a field study of the leading Chinese-based crowdsourcing platform zhubajie.com. Contributions will shed light on the phenomenon of crowdsourcing marketplace, especially, vendor selection issues.
DO THE FERMI GAMMA-RAY BURST MONITOR AND SWIFT BURST ALERT TELESCOPE SEE THE SAME SHORT GAMMA-RAY BURSTS?

Compact binary system mergers are expected to generate gravitational radiation detectable by ground-based interferometers. A subset of these, the merger of a neutron star with another neutron star or a black hole, are also the most popular model for the production of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) and the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) trigger on short GRBs (SGRBs) at rates that reflect their relative sky exposures, with the BAT detecting 10 per year compared to about 45 for GBM. We examine the SGRB populations detected by Swift BAT and Fermi GBM. We find that the Swift BAT triggers on weaker SGRBs than Fermi GBM, providing they occur close to the center of the BAT field of view, and that the Fermi GBM SGRB detection threshold remains flatter across its field of view. Overall, these effects combine to give the instruments the same average sensitivity, and account for the SGRBs that trigger one instrument but not the other. We do not find any evidence that the BAT and GBM are detecting significantly different populations of SGRBs. Both instruments can detect untriggered SGRBs using ground searches seeded with time and position. The detection of SGRBs below the on-board triggering sensitivities of Swift BAT and Fermi GBM increases the possibility of detecting and localizing the electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational wave (GW) events seen by the new generation of GW detectors.
Neutral Beam Injection in the JET Trace Tritium Experiment

Operation of the JET Neutral Beam Injectors with tritium is described. Supplying the tritium feed via the special electrically grounded gas feed compromised the performance of the up-graded high current triode Positive Ion Neutral Injectors (PINI) due to gas starvation of the source and the methods adopted to ameliorate this effect are described. A total of 362 PINI beam pulses were requested, circulating a total of 4.73g tritium, of which 9.3mg was injected into the torus. Safety considerations required a continuous, cumulative total to be maintained of the mass of tritium adsorbed onto the cryo-pumping panel; a daily limit of 0.5g was adopted for the Trace Tritium Experiment (TTE). A subsequent clean up phase using 115keV deuterium beams completed the isotopic exchange of components in the beamline.
Hardening CISCO Devices Based on Cryptography and Security Protocols - Part One: Background Theory

Network Security is a vital part of any corporate and enterprise network. Network attacks greatly compromise not only the sensitive data of the consumers but also cause outages to these networks. Thus inadequately protected networks need to be “hardened”. The hardening of network devices refers to the hardware and software components, device operating system’s features, management controls, access-list restrictions, operational configurations and above all making sure that the data and credentials are not stored or transferred in ‘plaintext’ over the network. This article investigates the use of cryptography and network protocols based on encryption, to meet the need for essential security requirements. Use of non-secure protocols, underrating and misconfigurations of management protection are reasons behind network devices not properly being hardened; hence leaving vulnerabilities for the intruders. The gap identified after conducting intense search and review of past work is used as the foundation to present solutions. When performing cryptography techniques by encrypting packets using tunnelling and security protocols, management level credentials are encrypted. These include password encryption and exceptional analysis of the emulated IOS (Internetwork Operating System). Necessary testing is carried out to evaluate an acceptable level of protection of these devices. In a virtual testing environment, security flaws are found mainly in the emulated IOS. The discoveries does not depend on the hardware or chassis of a networking device. Since routers primarily rely on its Operating System (OS), attackers focus on manipulating the command line configuration before initiating an attack. Substantial work is devoted to implementation and testing of a router based on Cryptography and Security Protocols in the border router. This is deployed at the core layer and acts as the first point of entry of any trusted and untrusted traffic. A step-by-step hardening approach is adopted to secure the proposed network framework’s border router. Encrypted services coupled with best practice configurations are implemented and tested in an emulated environment. The use of protocol analysers, CISCO Configuration Professional’s Audit and penetration testing tools corroborated the success of the project.
SIMS investigation of electron-beam damage to hydrous, rhyolitic glasses: Implications for melt inclusion analysis

Abstract Electron-beam irradiation causes permanent damage to hydrous, silica-rich glasses. The extent of electron-beam damage is quantified using data generated by SIMS analysis of points subjected to previous electron microprobe analysis (EPMA). Even optimum EPMA conditions cause damage to the glass, manifest as a marked depletion in alkali ions at the surface of an irradiated sample. Deeper in the sample, an enrichment in alkali ions to above-baseline levels is followed by a decay back to baseline. The depth of the final decay correlates with species diffusivity and increases in the order K-Li-Na. H-bearing species are also affected by electron beam irradiation, but in the opposite sense to the alkalis, i.e., they are enriched at the surface. Migration of alkaline earth cations is not observed because of their low diffusivities. Ion depletion or enrichment results from simple migration of ions toward or away from electrons implanted by the beam. Migration depth depends on species diffusivity and heating caused by the electron beam, and therefore increases with increasing electron beam current. Because of the reverse behavior of H, the mobile hydrous species in the presence of an electric field is probably OH-. The extent of electron beam damage to glasses may increase with total water content. Critically, SIMS measurements of H, Li, Na, D/H, and 6Li/7Li after electron-probe analysis are compromised by the damage. Despite the damage caused by the electron beam, use of appropriate electron-beam conditions (e.g., 2 nA, 15 kV) gives volatiles by difference accurate to ~0.6 wt%.
Optimization of Removal of Calcium Ions Forming During Synthesis of Boric Acid from Ulexite Ore by Using Ion Exchange Resin

Ulexite ( Na 2 O·2CaO·5B 2 O 3 ·16H 2 O) is one of the most important raw materials for boric acid, synthesized by dissolving the ore in an acid solution. Since ulexite ore was dissolved in a phosphoric acid solution, the final solution included boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ), sodium dihydrogen phosphate [NaH 2 PO 4 ], and calcium dihydrogen phosphate [Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 ] . The presence of several ions in the solution causes separation problems for boric acid. This study includes a special separation step to increase the purity of the boric acid that is synthesized from the dissolution of ulexite ore in phosphoric acid. For this purpose, c alcium ions in the final solution were removed using Dowex HCR-S cationic ion exchange resin. Additionally, the Taguchi optimization method was employed to monitor the removal of calcium ions . The design of experiments included an orthogonal array technique in L 9 array for three parameters with three different values; reaction temperature (12 o C, 25 o C, 40 o C), stirring rate (250 rpm, 300 rpm, 350 rpm), and the amount of resin material (10% wt., 30% wt., 50% wt.). The results of the calculations revealed that the optimum values of temperature, stirring rate, and amount of resin are 12 o C, 350 rpm, and 50% wt. , respectively. The amount of calcium removed under optimum conditions was found as 79.49%.
Infinite Horizon Input Signal for Active Fault Detection in Controlled Markov Chains

The paper deals with the problem of active fault detection with a given fault detector over an infinite time horizon. Systems that can be modeled using two interconnected discrete-time finite-state Markov chains are considered. The first Markov chain is unobservable and describes switching between fault-free and faulty modes. The second one is an observable controlled Markov chain that describes the system dynamics in fault-free and faulty modes. The maximum a posteriori probability fault detector is assumed, and an input signal generator that improves the decision quality is designed. The original problem is reformulated as a perfect state information problem and solved by dynamic programming. An infinite time horizon is considered to reduce off-line computational demands and a perceptron neural network is employed to lower memory requirements for on-line use. The results are illustrated in a numerical example.
INTEGRAL FATIGUE CRITERIA EVALUATION FOR LIFE ESTIMATION UNDER UNIAXIAL COMBINED PROPORTIONAL AND NON-PROPORTIONAL LOADINGS

The paper presents a review and verification of integral fatigue criteria. The review signals the key assumptions and criteria structure elements. The verification has been developed drawing on the experimental data reported in literature containing fatigue life for uniaxial, combined proportional and non-proportional loads. The verification involves a comparison of computational fatigue life with the experimental one. To determine the quality of the results generated, statistical parameters were used. As a result of the analysis the best and the worst criteria were pointed to.
Effect of Humic Acid Isolated by IHSS-N 2 /Mn Method and P Fertilization on Yield of Pepper Plants

A field experiment was carried out at Ismailia Agriculture Research Station, Agriculture Research center, during summer season of 2010, to benefit from composting of remnants of food factories and then humic acid (HA) was extracted from mature compost and using it with P fertilization to study their impact on yield and nutrients content of pepper plants. Extraction and purification of humic acid (HA) was based on the IHSS -N 2 method and IHSS -N 2 /Mn method (IHSS, "International Humic Substances Society"). Total acidities and phenolic hydroxyls contents are the highest for HA isolated by modified method (IHSS-N 2 /Mn) which indicates that the HA posse less altered eases oxidisable phenolic hydroxyl groups. Humic acid isolated by IHSS-N 2 /Mn method and applied with drip irrigation water as it was added every two weeks starting from the stage of germination till harvest. Treatments were representing at all the combinations of humic acid (1, 2 and 3 ml L -1 ) and P fertilizer rates 60, 90 and 120 kg P 2 O 5 fed -1 (fed. Equal 4200 m 2 ). Results showed that, increasing the rates of HA and P fertilization increased pepper yield (quality and quantity) compared with that of control (without humic acid or P fertilization). The most promising treatments for production of marketable and unmarketable pepper yield could be: Those of (3 ml L -1 of HA+ 120 kg P 2 O 5 fed -1 ) which showed an increment of (+10.0%) and (+7.22%), respectively. This high rate could be recommended for obtaining the highest rate of income from the marketable yield of pepper. (Abd El-Rheem Kh. M., Ahmed A. Afifi, and Youssef, R. A. Effect of Humic Acid Isolated by IHSS-N 2 /Mn Method and P Fertilization on Yield of Pepper Plants. Life Sci J 2012;9(2):356-362). (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com . 56. Key word: Humic acid (HA), IHSS -N 2 /Mn method, P fertilization, Pepper yield.
A Model-Driven Development for GWT-Based Rich Internet Applications with OOH 4

Traditionally, Web applications have had great limitations in the usability and interactivity of their user interfaces. To overcome these limitations, a new type of Web applications called Rich Internet Applications (RIAs) has recently appeared providing richer and more efficient graphical components similar to desktop applications. However, RIAs are rather complex and their development requires the designing and implementation tasks which are time-consuming and error-prone. Moreover, RIA development is a new challenge for the Web engineering methodologies requiring their modification and the introduction of other concerns. In this context, we propose a new approach called OOH4RIA which proposes a modeldriven development process that extends OOH methodology. It introduces new structural and behavioural models in order to represent a complete RIA and to apply transformations that reduce the effort and accelerate its development. This RIA will be implemented on the promising Google Web Toolkit (GWT) framework.
Atmospheric Dynamics and the Variable Transit of KELT-9 b

We present a spectrally and temporally resolved detection of the optical Mg i triplet at 7. 8σ in the extended atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiter KELT-9 b, adding to the list of detected metal species in the hottest gas giant currently known. Constraints are placed on the density and radial extent of the excited hydrogen envelope using simultaneous observations of Hα and Hβ under the assumption of a spherically symmetric atmosphere. We find that planetary rotational broadening of km s−1 is necessary to reproduce the Balmer line transmission profile shapes, where the model including rotation is strongly preferred over the non-rotating model using a Bayesian information criterion comparison. The time series of both metal line and hydrogen absorption show remarkable structure, suggesting that the atmosphere observed during this transit is dynamic rather than static. We detect a relative emission feature near the end of the transit which exhibits a P-Cygni-like shape, evidence of material moving at ≈50–100 km s−1 away from the planet. We hypothesize that the in-transit variability and subsequent P-Cygni-like profiles are due to a flaring event that caused the atmosphere to expand, resulting in unbound material being accelerated to high speeds by stellar radiation pressure. Further spectroscopic transit observations will help establish the frequency of such events.
Toward a Buddhist Theory of Conflict Transformation: From Simple Actor-Oriented Conflict to Complex Structural Conflict

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Genotype x environment interaction in cowpea by mixed models

Several methods have been proposed to measure effects of genotype × environment interaction (G×E) on various traits of interest of plant species, such as grain yield. Among these methods, mixed models using the Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML)-Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) procedure with random genotype effects have been reported as advantageous, since they allow the obtaining of actual genotypic values for cultivation and use. The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of grain yield to different locations and years, and the effects of G×E on the performance of cowpea genotypes by the methodology of mixed models. Twenty genotypes were evaluated under rainfed conditions in 47 locations in 2010, 2011 and 2012 using randomized block design. After joint analysis, the genotypes adaptability and stability patterns within and between years were tested by the Harmonic Mean of Relative Performance of Genetic Values (HMRPGV) statistics. The analysis within the years showed highly significant effects of the genotype × location interaction in all the years evaluated. The results of the joint analysis presented highly significant effects (p≤0.01) of the genotype, and triple interaction (genotype × location × year) (p≤0.001), denoting a strong effect of the G×E on the genotype performances. The HMRPGV analysis was adequate to identify superior genotypes, highlighting the MNC02-676F-3, MNC03-737F-5-1, MNC03-737F-5-9, BRS-Tumucumaque, and BRS-Guariba as the genotypes with best stability and highest grain yield. The selection of these genotypes resulted in a new average yield (1,402 kg ha-1) which is higher than that obtained by selection based only on the phenotype (1,230 kg ha-1).
Personal Financial Decisions: A Study of Changes in Homestead Exemption Levels and Consumer Bankruptcy Choices

This study examines the impact of changes in homestead exemption levels upon the consumer bankruptcy filing rate. This relationship is examined through the creation of an interrupted time-series multiple regression model. Regression analyses were implemented using several predictor variables to detect any relationship between changes in homestead exemption levels and their effect on the applicable dependent variable. Four dependent bankruptcy variables were employed: per capita total consumer-bankruptcy filings, per capita Chapter 7 consumer-bankruptcy filing rate, per capita Chapter 13 bankruptcy filing rate, and Chapter 7 consumer-bankruptcy filings as a percentage of aggregate consumer-bankruptcy filing rates. Analyses indicate that consumers clearly prefer utilizing a Chapter 7 discharge method over Chapter 13. Additionally, these consumers do not find changes in homestead exemption levels as a source of wealth insurance to the extent that filings are significantly increased. Finally, consumer filing rates do not appear to be positively affected by the wealth effect that a risk-averse consumer might choose in bankruptcy choice.
When a Short-term Analysis is not a Short-term Approach: Impacts of Agricultural Technology Adoption in Bolivia

This paper presents the results of an impact evaluation for the CRIAR program, implemented in rural areas in Bolivia. The objective of this program is to increase the agricultural income and food security of smallholder farmers through productivity gains that result from technological adoption. We use data obtained from a sample of 1,287 households-817 beneficiaries and 470 controls- interviewed specifically for this evaluation, and rely on a methodology of Propensity Score Matching. Overall, the main impacts of the program are observed in short- and medium-term variables, including crop diversification, input use and expenditures, and variables related to sales and home consumption. For the medium-term variables, the program had a positive impact on sales at the farm gate, market sales, agricultural income from sales, and a decrease in the proportion of production allocated for home consumption. The program also had a significant and positive impact on the food security of beneficiary households. For the long-term indicators, the analysis did not identify significant impacts on productivity variables. The lack of productivity impacts is probably due to the short period after program implementation, which corresponds to only one agricultural cycle. This length of time may have not been sufficient for farmers to gain experience and knowledge with regards to their effective use of the newly acquired technologies or to adjust the production process through input changes.
FORAGE QUALITY OF DECIDUOUS WOODY AND HERBACEOUS SPECIES THROUGHOUT A YEAR IN MEDITERRANEAN SHRUBLANDS OF WESTERN TURKEY

Nutritional stres s during dry summer period is considered as a primary factor limiting goat production in the Mediterranean region. In this study, forage quality of two deciduousspecies(gall oak ( Quercus infectoriaOliv.) and Christs thorn (Paliurus spina-cristiMill.))and herbaceous species ina shrubland inthe South Marmara was determined to assess their quality andcapacity to meet goats needs. Dry matter(DM), ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), dry matter digestibility (DMD), metabolic energy (ME),Phosphorus ()and Calcium (Ca)were determined in the shrubs and herb aceous.Results showed thatDM and Ca inthegall oakweredistinctlylow in April. On the other hand, itsCP and P were high in April while DMD and ME were highin Mayand June. Contents of D M, ash and Ca in the Christs thorn showed a decrease in April-May and those of CP, DMD, and ME increased in May. Herb aceoushad theirlowest DM, NDF, and ADF in April and highest CP, DMD, and ME in March -April. Consequently, when goatsneeds were conside red, goats should be fed with supplementary energy feed throughout the year except for spring months, and with CP during autumn months in order to obtain satisfactory productivity.