Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inter and intra‐population variation in shoaling and boldness in the zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Population differences in anti-predator behaviour have been demonstrated in several species, although less is known about the genetic basis of these traits. To determine the extent of genetic differences in boldness (defined as exploration of a novel object) and shoaling within and between zebrafish (Danio rerio) populations, and to examine the genetic basis of shoaling behaviour in general, we carried out a study that involved laboratory-raised fish derived from four wild-caught populations. Controlling for differences in rearing environment, significant inter-population differences were found in boldness but not shoaling. A larger shoaling experiment was also performed using one of the populations as the basis of a North Carolina type II breeding design (174 fish in total) to estimate heritability of shoaling tendency. A narrow-sense heritability estimate of 0·40 was obtained, with no apparent dominance effects.
A new approach to modeling of foraminiferal shells

Abstract The emergence of shell forms in the growth of foraminifera is an essential problem in the morphogenesis of these microorganisms. We present a model of foraminiferal shells that applies a moving-reference system. Previous models have referred to fixed-reference axes and have neglected apertures. Our model focuses on real morphologic characteristics and follows stepwise natural biological processes. It introduces apertures based on minimization of the local communication path and applies three parameters, which are either predetermined or selected at random from given ranges. Expression of stochastic parameters mimics phenotypic variability of a shell. We also present a detailed description of the method with examples of simulated shells and the first step toward analyses of the theoretical morphospace. The morphospace is divided into certain regions (phases) separated by transitional planes (phase transitions). Further prospects for foraminiferal modeling, which should focus on more in-depth models based on realistic intracellular dynamics, are also presented.
Distinct but critical roles for integrin αIIbβ3 in platelet lamellipodia formation on fibrinogen, collagen‐related peptide and thrombin

Integrins are the major receptor type known to facilitate cell adhesion and lamellipodia formation on extracellular matrix proteins. However, collagen‐related peptide and thrombin have recently been shown to mediate platelet lamellipodia formation when presented as immobilized surfaces. The aims of this study were to establish if there exists a role for the platelet integrin αIIbβ3 in this response; and if so, whether signalling from the integrin is required for lamellipodia formation on these surfaces. Real‐time analysis was used to compare platelet morphological changes on surfaces of fibrinogen, collagen‐related peptide or thrombin in the presence of various pharmacological inhibitors and platelets from ‘knockout’ mice. We demonstrate that collagen‐related peptide and thrombin stimulate distinct patterns of platelet lamellipodia formation and elevation of intracellular Ca2+ to that induced by the integrin αIIbβ3 ligand, fibrinogen. Nevertheless, lamellipodia formation on collagen‐related peptide and thrombin is dependent upon engagement of αIIbβ3, consistent with release of αIIbβ3 ligand(s) from platelet granules. However, the requirement for signalling by the integrin on fibrinogen can be bypassed by the addition of thrombin to the solution. These observations reveal a critical role for αIIbβ3 in forming lamellipodia on collagen‐related peptide and thrombin which is dependent on its ability to function as an adhesive receptor but not necessarily on its ability to signal. These results suggest that integrins may play an important role in lamellipodia formation triggered by nonintegrin ligands in platelets and possibly in other cell types.
Supersymmetric M2‐branes with Englert fluxes, and the simple group PSL(2, 7)

A new class is introduced of M2‐branes solutions of d=11 supergravity that include internal fluxes obeying Englert equation in 7‐dimensions. A simple criterion for the existence of Killing spinors in such backgrounds is established. Englert equation is viewed as the generalization to d=7 of Beltrami equation defined in d=3 and it is treated accordingly. All 2‐brane solutions of minimal d=7 supergracity can be uplifted to d=11 and have N≥4 supersymmetry. It is shown that the simple group PSL(2, 7) is crystallographic in d=7 having an integral action on the A7 root lattice. By means of this point‐group and of the T7 torus obtained quotiening R7 with the A7 root lattice we were able to construct new M2 branes with Englert fluxes and N≤4 . In particular we exhibit here an N=1 solution depending on 4‐parameters and admitting a large non abelian discrete symmetry, namely G21≡Z3⋉Z7⊂ PSL (2,7) . The dual d=3 field theories have the same symmetries and have complicated non linear interactions.
Longer flumes increase critical swimming speeds by increasing burst–glide swimming duration in carp Cyprinus carpio, L.

Carp Cyprinus carpio altered the repertoire of swimming behaviour with increased flume length. While the transition speed from steady to burst–coast swimming was unaffected by flume length, fish reached higher critical swimming speed (Ucrit), consequently swimming for longer periods of time in burst–coast mode and hence performing more work before becoming fatigued. Analysis of swimming behaviour of burst–coast swimming revealed an increase in duration and a decrease in distance of forward burst movements with increasing water speeds. Frequency was unaffected by water speed. Overall, longer flumes increased Ucrit by allowing for less restricted burst–coast swimming behaviour.
Age Determination of Manitoban Walleyes Using Otoliths, Dorsal Spines, and Scales

Abstract Otolith sections were used to determine ages of walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum) collected from four Manitoban lakes. To verify the presence of annuli on otolith sections, ages determined from otoliths were compared to ages derived from dorsal spine sections and scales; mean body lengths back-calculated from 252 otolith sections were compared to mean observed lengths; and otolith sections from known-age walleyes were aged. Otolith sections not only can provide accurate age estimates and back-calculated length estimates for young walleye populations but also they are easier to age, and consequently are more accurate for determining ages of older walleyes than are scales and dorsal spines.
Integrating Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks for Metropolitan Explosive Detection

By the time of writing this thesis, a lot of conflicts are happening around the world, harvesting the lives of thousands of innocent people using different types of weapons and explosives. In the guerilla and urban warfare, explosives are being delivered to target locations using vehicles forcing the authorities to come up with different techniques to stop the bloodshed in public places such as airports, shopping malls, and others. Such techniques include employing people to do the task of scanning entering vehicles using handheld sensing devices, which may cost money as salaries, threaten the employees’ lives directly, and the response time could be late due to the human factor delay. Other techniques involve building a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in which every sensor node detects any suspicious materials within its range and report that to a local monitory station through the sensor network, an effective technique; however it may not cover large areas due to the wireless transmission range of wireless sensor nodes. In this thesis, a model of integration between WSN and Internet of Things (IoT) that combines the advantages of using the WSN for explosive detection with the advantages of wide coverage of internet. The proposed technique has shown promising results in terms of end-to-end delay of response time between sensors and the metropolitan-wide management which have not exceeded the value of 0.28 seconds. The system also has shown that the management can take action based on different measures such as received traffic at each local location, and radio state of sensors.
Numerical Investigation of combustion behaviour of DI Diesel Engine fueled with Eucalyptus as a biofuel

Biodiesel is a hopeful alternative to petroleum-based diesel fuels. Its expanded use in unmodified engines has been very successful. After a brief synthesis on vegetable biofuels as alternatives for compression ignition engines, this paper present a study of a biofuel from the eucalyptus tree leaves. This vegetable source is selected due to its strong availability in South and North of Africa, California, Latin America, Europe and all the Mediterranean countries. Eucalyptus trees are original to the Australian continent where they dominate more than 90% of the forests.In this study, CONVERGE CFD software is utilized for modeling processes in an internal combustion engine. CONVERGE code includes advanced numerical techniques and physical models describing processes of spray, turbulence and combustion, and the nonlinear interactions of such processes. The objective is examined the effects of neat eucalyptus biofuel are examined at twice loads (50% and 90% of full load). Sub-models are employed to describe the in-cylinder turbulence, spray, emissions and combustion processes. Results show that when the engine is supplied with neat eucalyptus fuel, the combustion characteristics are slightly changed compared to neat diesel fuel and the soot species are reduced.
NEDard: Using Multi-Sense Embeddings for Named Entity Disambiguation

Faculty of Engineering Computer Science Bachelor of Science in Computer Science NEDard: Using Multi-Sense Embeddings for Named Entity Disambiguation by Felix JABLONSKI English This thesis deals with the task of Named Entity Disambiguation. When analyzing a text, it is important to disambiguate mentions of entities such as people, companies, or concepts so that multiple appearances of the same entity can be identified as such. One way to disambiguate entities is to link them to their unique entity in a so-called knowledge base. A knowledge base is a source that stores information about objects like companies, fruits, or people. In this thesis given a text with mentions of such entities, ambiguous mentions are disambiguated and linked to the correct entity in Wikidata. For example "Apple" as fruit or as the company. This thesis proposes two new models (called NEDard and NEDardv2) to solve this task. Machine learning is used to derive a comparable representation of mentions depending on their textual context, and this representation is used to perform the disambiguation. The models are compared to other approaches on different evaluation sets. The evaluation has shown that the proposed models do not solve the NED task better than the baselines. However, it has been shown that there is potential in combining the proposed models with others. German Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Lösung des Named Entity Disambiguation Problems. Eine Knowledge base ist eine Informationsquelle, die Informationen über Entitäte beinhaltet. Solche Entitäten sind zum Beispiel Firmen, Personen oder Früchte. Gegeben einem Text mit Nennungen (Mentions) von diesen Entitäten (Entities) wie Personen und Firmen sollen mehrdeutige Nennungen mit der richtige Entität aus einer Knowledge base verknüpft werden. Ein Beispiel dafür ist "Apple" als Frucht oder als Firma. In dieser Thesis wird Wikidata als Knowledge base verwendet. Es werden zwei neue Modelle vorgeschlagen, die mit Hilfe von Machine learning, die Bedeutung eines Wortes aus dessen Kontext ableiten und diese Information zum Erkennen der Entities verwenden. Die Modelle werden mit bestehenden Modellen auf mehreren Evaluationsdatensätzen verglichen. Die Evaluation hat gezeigt, dass die vorgeschlagenen Modelle nicht die naiven Ansätze schlagen können. Allerdings zeigte sich Potential bei der Kombination der vorgeschlagenen Modelle mit anderen Ansätzen.
Data Retrieving Using Dynamic Query Forms Approach

- Query form is one of the most widely used user interfaces for querying databases. Traditional query forms are designed and pre-defined by developers or DBA in various information management systems. With the rapid development of web information and scientific databases, modern databases become very large and complex. Therefore, it is difficult to design a set of static query forms to satisfy various ad-hoc database queries on those complex databases. In this paper, we propose a Dynamic Query Form system: DQF, a query interface which is capable of dynamically generating query forms for users. Different from traditional document retrieval, users in database retrieval are often willing to perform many rounds of actions before identifying the final candidates. The essence of DQF is to capture user interests during user interactions and to adapt the query form iteratively. Each iteration consists of two types of user interactions: Query Form Enrichment and Query Execution. The basic query form is then enriched iteratively via the interactions between the user and our system until the user is satisfied with the query results.
Chemical properties of 11 date cultivars and their corresponding fiber extracts

Date palm fruit from 11 Tunisian cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.) were analyzed for their main chemical composition. Results showed that date fruits were rich in sugar (79.93 - 88.02 g/100 g dry matter), fiber (8.09 - 20.25 g/100 g dry matter) and ash (1.73 - 2.59 g/100 g dry matter). Mineral fraction was dominated by potassium and sugar fraction was dominated by reducing sugar (glucose, fructose) except for Deglet Nour, Kentichi and Bajo which are rich in sucrose. Date fiber concentrates (DFC) were extracted and analyzed for their proximate content (moisture, fiber, protein, lipid and ash) and some functional properties such as water holding capacity (WHC) and oil holding capacity (OHC). DFC presented high dietary fiber content (90.71 - 93.92 g/100g dry matter). Protein and lipid contents (dry matter basis) ranged between 3.66 and 6.06 g/100 g and between 0.35 and 1.08 g/100 g, respectively. DFC presented high WHC (6.20 g water/g dry fiber) and high OHC (1.80 g oil/g dry fiber). Results showed that dates could be a valuable source of highly techno-functional fibers that could be used in food formulations.
A low cost apparatus for measuring the xylem hydraulic conductance in plants

Plant yield and resistance to drought are directly related to the efficiency of the xylem hydraulic conductance and the ability of this system to avoid interrupting the flow of water. In this paper we described in detail the assembling of an apparatus proposed by Tyree et al. (2002), and its calibration, as well as low cost adaptations that make the equipment accessible for everyone working in this research area. The apparatus allows measuring the conductance in parts of roots or shoots (root ramifications or branches), or in the whole system, in the case of small plants or seedlings. The apparatus can also be used to measure the reduction of conductance by embolism of the xylem vessels. Data on the hydraulic conductance of eucalyptus seedlings obtained here and other reports in the literature confirm the applicability of the apparatus in physiological studies on the relationship between productivity and water stress.
Antioxidant activities of the selected plants from the family Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Malvaceae and Balsaminaceae

Extraction of nine plants selected from the family Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Malvaceae and Balsaminaceae was done in petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol/n-butanol in order of increasing polarity using soxhlet apparatus. Total phenolic contents were determined with Folin- Ciocalteu reagent which ranged from 30.5 to 547.0 mg GAE/g of extract. Maximum phenolic contents were found in n-butanol extract of Ricinus communis. Antioxidant activities of these extracts were evaluated through DPPH• radical scavenging, phosphomolybdate and ferric thiocyanate (FTC) methods. Methanolic extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Cinnamomum tamala showed highest antiradical (96.8%) and phosphomolybdate (1.131) activity, respectively, while ethyl acetate extract of R. communis exhibited maximum lipid per-oxidation (FTC) activity (79.3%). IC50 value of chloroform extract of C. tamala (2.2 g/ml) was less than gallic acid (4.4 g/ml), while ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Abutilon bidentatum, Impatiens bicolor and Impatiens edgeworthii exhibited the IC50 values in the range of 10.0 - 20.0 g/ml.
Mathematical Uncertainty Cost Functions for Controllable Photo-Voltaic Generators considering Uniform Distributions

JULIO ANDRE BERNAL-RUBIANO Universidad Nacional de Colombia Department of Electrical Engineering Carrera 30 No. 45-03 Bogota COLOMBIA juabernalru@unal.edu. co JORGE ENRIQUE NEIRA GARCIA Universidad Nacional de Colombia Department of Electrical Engineering Carrera 30 No. 45-03 Bogota COLOMBIA jeneirag@unal.edu. co SERGIO RAUL RIVERA RODRIGUEZ Universidad Nacional de Colombia Department of Electrical Engineering Carrera 30 No. 45-03 Bogota COLOMBIA srriverar@unal.edu. co
Expression in Escherichia coli of BCY1, the regulatory subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The regulatory (R) subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was expressed in Escherichia coli by engineering the gene for yeast R, BCY1, in an E. coli expression vector that contained a promoter from phage T7. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was used to create an NdeI restriction site at the natural ATG of the yeast R. This facilitated construction of the T7 expression vector so that the sequence of the protein produced was identical to the natural R subunit. Yeast R was highly expressed in a soluble form. 20 mg of purified yeast R was obtained from 4 liters of E. coli. N-terminal amino acid sequencing revealed that the expressed protein began with the natural sequence. 60% of the molecules contained an N-terminal methionine, and 40% initiated with valine, the second amino acid of yeast R. The protein produced in E. coli migrated on a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel with an Mr of 52,000. The yeast R bound 2 mol of cAMP/mol of R monomer with a Kd of 76 nM. The protein was treated with urea to remove bound cAMP. Sedimentation values before and after the urea treatment were identical (S20.omega. = 5.1). Addition of purified R subunit to a preparation of yeast C subunit (TPK1) rendered catalytic activity cAMP-dependent with an activity ratio of 4.6. The yeast R was autophosphorylated by yeast C to a level of 0.8 mol of phosphate/mol of R monomer. By these criteria, the R subunit produced in E. coli was structurally and functionally identical to the natural yeast R subunit and similar to mammalian type II R subunits.
Isozyme variation and somatic incompatibility in populations of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus collinitus

summary Isozyme variation and somatic incompatibility were investigated in order to study intraspecific genetic variation and to identify genets in natural populations of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus collinitus (Fr.) O. Kuntze, Forty-three isolates, obtained from basidiocarps collected in 11 forest sites under Pinus trees, were examined. Isozyme analysis indicated high intraspecific variation between isolates from the same location and from different locations. Phenetic analysis based on calculated dissimilarity values derived from isozyme banding patterns separated the isolates into two main groups (I and II) with 35% dissimilarity. A specific and highly active acid phosphatase isoform (ACP-2) was detected in most group II isolates. Dikaryotic isolates displaying isozyme similarity coefficient of 100 % were found to be somatically compatible and were considered to originate from the same genet. The same genet was never found at more than two forest sites. This study showed a high correlation between the results of electrophoretic isozyme analysis and those of somatic incompatibility reactions. The results were discussed in terms of population biology.
ENSILING CHARACTERISTICS AND FEEDING VALUE OF SILAGE MADE FROM BROWSE TREE LEGUME-MAIZE MIXTURES (CARACTERÍSTICAS Y VALOR NUTRITIVO DE ENSILAJE DE MEZCLA DE ÁRBOLES FORRAJERO-MAÍZ)

SUMMARY Male wether Sabi sheep (50 ± 2 kg body weight) were used in a nitrogen (N) balance trial to evaluate the feeding value of browse tree legume-maize mixed silages. Treatment diets as follows: a) 2 kg of Acacia boliviana-maize (ABM) mixed silage b) 2 kg of Leucaena leucocephala-maize (LLM) mixed silage and c) 1.5 kg sheep dairy concentrate (SDC). The chemical composition, before and after ensiling, and fermentation characteristics of maize silage, ABM and LLM mixed silages was also determined. The CP (CP) content of ABM was higher (P<0.05) than LLM and maize silage before and after ensiling. Ensiling decreased CP and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) of the three silages, while the modified acid detergent fibre (MADF) increased. The MADF of the mixed silages was similar but higher (P<0.05) than the maize silage. Maize silage had the highest lactic acid and the lowest acetic acid concentration. Silages had similar isobutyric, n-butyric, isovaleric acid and n-valeric acid concentrations. Maize silage had a lower pH. The ammonia-nitrogen content was highest in ABM and lowest in maize silage. The dry (DM) and organic matter (OM) intakes were similar in SDC and LLM and lower (P<0.05) in the ABM diet. Apparent digestibility of DM and OM was similar in all silages, while NDF, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and N digestibility was lower (P<0.05) in ABM. N intake, N balance and microbial protein yield were similar for SDC and LLM and lower (P<0.05) in ABM. Ensiling maize with tree forage legumes maintains good silage quality. ABM silage at 50:50 (w/w) between A. boliviana and maize was not suitable for ruminant feeding.
Callus induction and plant regeneration from leaf explants of Falcaria vulgaris an important medicinal plant

Falcaria vulgaris is an important medicinal plant belonging to the family Apiaceae. The leaf of explants of this plant was cultured for callus induction and plant regeneration. The explants of this plant were cultured onto Murashig and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of (alpha)-naphtalene acetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), thidiazuron (TDZ), alone and in combination with 6- benzyladenine (BA) for callus induction. The highest callus was induced in medium containing (0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1) 2,4-D in combination with BA. These callus and leaf segments were transferred to MS medium supplemented with different combination of NAA and BA for indirect and direct regeneration, respectively. The medium containing (1.0 mg L-1) NAA in combination with (0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1) BA showed the highest number of shoot and root formation in plant regeneration through the callus. In direct regeneration, NAA with 1.0 mg L-1 concentration was observed to be more potent than with concentration of 0.5 mg L-1 and showed highest root regeneration frequency (15.7%). In vitro raised plantlets were acclimatized onto natural condition with 90% survival. These results provide a basis for future studies on genetic improvement and could be applied to production of secondary metabolites through cell culture in Falcaria vulgaris. Key words: Falcaria vulgaris, plant growth regulators, callus induction, in vitro propagation, direct regeneration.