Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Presence–Absence Sampling Plans for Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in the Midwest Region of the United States

Abstract Stink bugs represent an increasing risk to soybean production in the Midwest region of the United States. The current sampling protocol for stink bugs in this region is tailored for population density estimation and thus is more relevant to research purposes. A practical decision-making framework with more efficient sampling effort for management of herbivorous stink bugs is needed. Therefore, a binomial sequential sampling plan was developed for herbivorous stink bugs in the Midwest region. A total of 146 soybean fields were sampled across 11 states using sweep nets in 2016, 2017, and 2018. The binomial sequential sampling plans were developed using combinations of five tally thresholds at two proportion infested action thresholds to identify those that provided the best sampling outcomes. Final assessment of the operating characteristic curves for each plan indicated that a tally threshold of 3 stink bugs per 25 sweeps, and proportion infested action thresholds of 0.75 and 0.95 corresponding to the action thresholds of 5 and 10 stink bugs per 25 sweeps, provided the optimal balance between highest probability of correct decisions (≥ 99%) and lowest probability of incorrect decisions (≤ 1%). In addition, the average sample size for both plans (18 and 12 sets of 25 sweeps, respectively) was lower than that for the other proposed plans. The binomial sequential sampling plan can reduce the number of sample units required to achieve a management decision, which is important because it can potentially reduce risk/cost of management for stink bugs in soybean in this region.
A cost-effective method for recycling carbon and metals in plants: synthesizing nanomaterials

This work focuses on the synthesis of nanomaterials, including multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), nanoparticles and nanocomposites, using the shoots of Sedum alfredii Hance and Brassica juncea L. (collected from a Cu–Zn mine area) as raw materials. The vascular bundles in S. alfredii and B. juncea turned into MWCNTs through a heating–cooling process after the metals in them were extracted with H2SO4 and formed sulfate which then reacted with OH− to synthesize metallic oxide nanoparticles. In addition, the nanoparticles were precipitated on the surface of the MWCNTs and formed MWCNT–metallic oxide nanocomposites. It was found that the structures of all MWCNTs from S. alfredii and B. juncea were middle-hollow. Their inner and outer diameters were 20 and 80 nm from S. alfredii and 60 and 80 nm from B. juncea, respectively. The ZnO nanoparticles, synthesized from S. alfredii, were nonuniform with a diameter around 30 nm and the Cu/ZnO nanoparticles, synthesized from B. juncea, corresponded to a Cu0.05Zn0. 95O structure. Both ZnO and Cu0.05Zn0. 95O nanoparticles, coated onto the surfaces of the MWCNTs, were nonuniform and agglomerated, with an outer diameter around 100 nm. There were no impurities existing in the synthesized nanomaterials. The reproducibility of the synthesized nanomaterials using both S. alfredii and B. juncea was high and stable. The yields of the synthesized nanomaterials using one plant of S. alfredii or B. juncea were 501.3 ± 364.2 mg and 637.5 ± 284.4 mg for the MWCNTs, 120.8 ± 59.3 mg for the ZnO nanoparticles and 145.1 ± 43.2 mg for the Cu0.05Zn0. 95O nanoparticles, and 592.7 ± 164.7 mg for the MWCNT–ZnO nanocomposites and 711.5 ± 327.5 mg for the MWCNT–Cu0.05Zn0. 95O nanocomposites, respectively. The cost for synthesis of 1 kg of MWCNTs was around US $120 using S. alfredii or B. juncea.
Internalized Shame and Social Stress-Induced Blood Pressure Patterns among Young Black Women.

Background The increasing prevalence of hypertension among young Black women warrants further exploration of hypertension risk factors in this population. Social cognitive pathways that increase hypertension risk have been understudied among Black women. Shame, an emotional response to social evaluative threats, may be important to understanding the contribution of social emotions to hypertension risk. The current study examined the association of internalized shame on systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DPB) patterns of reactivity and recovery in a sample of Black women. Methods Black women (N=32) aged 18-22 were recruited from a public university in August 2019 and January 2020. Participants completed the Internalized Shame Scale, Self-Esteem subscale, and the Perceived Stress Scale. All participants completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and subsequent blood pressure readings were recorded at baseline and 1 min, 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, and 60 min post-TSST. Two separate repeated measures ANOVAs examined time and group effects of low shame (ISS score ≤ 39.9) vs high shame (ISS score ≥ 40) on blood pressure reactivity patterns. Results A significant effect of shame on DBP responses to the TSST was observed (P=.020). DBP for women in the low shame group peaked immediately following the TSST relative to baseline (M =81.2 mm Hg vs M =72.2 mm Hg) and remained stable during 60-minute recovery. DBP for women in the high shame group did not peak until 45 min post-TSST relative to baseline (M =84.2 mm Hg vs M =68.0 mm Hg) only slightly decreasing at 60 min post-TSST. Implications These results highlight the need to further examine the role of shame on hypertension risk among young Black women.
When Fear Surrounding Childbirth Leads Women to Request a Planned Cesarean Birth

Fear surrounding childbirth requires a more in-depth understanding from women’s perspectives, especially those who request a planned cesarean due to that fear. Therefore, we explored primiparous and multiparous women’s lived experiences of fear surrounding childbirth in relation to their decision to request a planned cesarean birth. We used Colaizzi’s (1978) phenomenological method to interview 16 women from 4 provinces and to analyze the data. Women expressed numerous fears and most experienced more than one fear. Most feared their baby/babies being injured or dying during childbirth or developing complications themselves. Others feared experiencing a traumatic birth. Women described numerous emotional and physical manifestations of fear, and all believed that a planned cesarean birth would provide more control over the birth process. For some, the birth of their healthy baby/babies began a healing process, whereas others noted that their fear subsided or resolved upon confirmation that they would have a planned cesarean.
Retroperitoneal sarcoma: the Transatlantic Australasian Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Working Group Program

Purpose of review The Transatlantic Australasian Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Working Group (TARPSWG) is a bottom-up clinical network established in 2013 with the goal of improving the care and outcomes of patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS). Here, we review the knowledge produced by this collaborative effort and examine the future potential of this group. Recent findings TARPSWG has produced retrospective studies focused on patients with primary and recurrent RPS allowing a better understanding of patient prognosis, treatment outcomes and tumor biology. The group has played a pivotal role in a phase III randomized STudy of preoperative RAdiotherapy plus Surgery versus surgery alone for patients with Retroperitoneal Sarcoma (STRASS) trial, favoring patient recruitment and trial completion. A prospective registry for patients with primary RPS populated by TARPSWG members is ongoing. TARPSWG has created consensus papers with recommendations regarding the management of patients with primary, recurrent and metastatic RPS that collated the views of representatives of sarcoma centers from Europe, North America, Asia and Australia. Summary Since its inception, TARPSWG has become a leading network in the field of RPS. It has made a major contribution to the world of RPS research and cares allowing to overcome the limitations related to the rarity of the disease through collaboration.
Work From Home During the COVID-19 Outbreak

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic made working from home (WFH) the new way of working. This study investigates the impact that family-work conflict, social isolation, distracting environment, job autonomy, and self-leadership have on employees’ productivity, work engagement, and stress experienced when WFH during the pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data collected through an online questionnaire completed by 209 employees WFH during the pandemic. The assumptions were tested using hierarchical linear regression. Results: Employees’ family-work conflict and social isolation were negatively related, while self-leadership and autonomy were positively related, to WFH productivity and WFH engagement. Family-work conflict and social isolation were negatively related to WFH stress, which was not affected by autonomy and self-leadership. Conclusion: Individual- and work-related aspects both hinder and facilitate WFH during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Association of Hearing Loss with Physical, Social, and Mental Activity Engagement

Abstract This article aims to evaluate a hearing loss intervention versus an aging education intervention on activity engagement in the Aging and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders pilot (ACHIEVE-P). Forty adults (70–84 years) with hearing loss recruited from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study and de novo participated. Participants were randomized 1:1 to a best practices hearing intervention or a successful aging intervention. Hearing was measured with pure-tone audiometry. The Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors questionnaire measured self-reported time engaging in activities at baseline and 6-month follow-up. At baseline, greater hearing loss was associated with reduced time per week on mental activities (−3.0 hours per 10 dB of hearing loss, 95% confidence interval: −5.8, −0.2). Mental activity engagement increased (mean: +1.3 hours, SD = 6.6) for the hearing intervention group but decreased (mean: −1.1 hours, SD = 4.8) for the aging education group (Cohen's d: 0.41). Hearing loss may be associated with reduced engagement in mental activities. Whether hearing loss treatment impacts activity will be studied in the full-scale ACHIEVE trial.
Being Simultaneously Curious and Stressed, Precipitants to Methamphetamine Initiation Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex With Men: Findings From a Qualitative Study

Abstract The cultural context and precipitants for initiating methamphetamine (MA) using among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) are unclear. This qualitative descriptive study, which explores the specific precipitants of MA initiation within a cultural context among MSM in China, was conducted with data from semistructured, face-to-face interviews with 24 MA-using MSM (8 HIV positive). Two themes were identified, internal precipitants included the following: (a) curiosity, (b) desire for maximum sexual pleasure, (c) experience with other drugs, and (d) strong sense of self-control capacity. External precipitants included (a) Xiao [ ] (filial piety), (b) peer pressure, (c) negative life events, (d) parental emotional neglect, and (e) experiences of homophobia. Internal precipitants to MA initiation for Chinese MSM are consistent with past research. External precipitants were more culture specific. This exacerbates the vulnerability of MSM to MA initiation and keeps it hidden among this population. Future drug use prevention interventions for MSM should address external precipitants and integrate culture-specific strategies.
Capillary‐Force‐Driven Self‐Assembly of 4D‐Printed Microstructures

Capillary‐force‐driven self‐assembly is emerging as a significant approach for the massive manufacture of advanced materials with novel wetting, adhesion, optical, mechanical, or electrical properties. However, academic value and practical applications of the self‐assembly are greatly restricted because traditional micropillar self‐assembly is always unidirectional. In this work, two‐photon‐lithography‐based 4D microprinting is introduced to realize the reversible and bidirectional self‐assembly of microstructures. With asymmetric crosslinking densities, the printed vertical microstructures can switch to a curved state with controlled thickness, curvature, and smooth morphology that are impossible to replicate by traditional 3D‐printing technology. In different evaporating solvents, the 4D‐printed microstructures can experience three states: (I) coalesce into clusters from original vertical states via traditional self‐assembly, (II) remain curved, or (III) arbitrarily self‐assemble (4D self‐assembly) toward the curving directions. Compared to conventional approaches, this 4D self‐assembly is distance‐independent, which can generate varieties of assemblies with a yield as high as 100%. More importantly, the three states can be reversibly switched, allowing the development of many promising applications such as reversible micropatterns, switchable wetting, and dynamic actuation of microrobots, origami, and encapsulation.
Early detection of young children at risk of autism spectrum disorder at well-baby clinics in the Netherlands: Perspectives of preventive care physicians

To improve early detection of autism spectrum disorder in preventive care, a Dutch guideline was developed 5 years ago. The guideline provides preventive care physicians at well-baby clinics action-oriented advice and describes a step-by-step approach for children identified at an increased risk for autism spectrum disorder during general healthcare surveillance. This qualitative study evaluated the guideline adherence and studied barriers regarding early detection of autism spectrum disorder at well-baby clinics. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 12 preventive care physicians (one representative per province). Interviews were analyzed using grounded theory. It was found that the vast majority of participants did not follow-up general surveillance with an autism spectrum disorder–specific screener as prescribed by the guideline. Six barriers, to be divided in personal, guideline-related and external factors, were found regarding early detection of autism spectrum disorder and adherence to the guideline. The results of this study highlight the importance of an integrative approach, raising awareness of the benefits regarding early detection of autism spectrum disorder in preventive care, the need of continuous investment in easy and accessible training and active screening, and a closer collaboration between preventive care organizations and autism spectrum disorder experts. Lay Abstract To improve early detection of autism spectrum disorder in preventive care, a Dutch guideline was developed 5 years ago. The guideline provides preventive care physicians at well-baby clinics action-oriented advice and describes a step-by-step approach for children identified at an increased risk for autism spectrum disorder during general healthcare surveillance. The present qualitative study evaluated adherence to the guideline and studied barriers regarding early detection of autism spectrum disorder at well-baby clinics. Interviews were undertaken with 12 preventive care physicians (one representative per province). It was found that the vast majority of participants did not follow-up general surveillance with an autism spectrum disorder -specific screener as prescribed by the guideline. Six barriers (limited knowledge about autism spectrum disorder symptoms in infant and toddlerhood, professional attitude toward early detection, problems in discussing initial worries with parents, limited use of screening instruments, perceptions toward cultural and language differences and constraints regarding availability of healthcare services) were found. The results of this study highlight the importance of an integrative approach, raising awareness of the benefits regarding early detection of autism spectrum disorder in preventive care, the need of continuous investment in easy and accessible training and active screening, and a closer collaboration between preventive care organizations and autism spectrum disorder experts.
Plant Volatiles and Oviposition Behavior in the Selection of Barley Cultivars by Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)

Abstract Wheat stem sawfly, [Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)], females display complex behaviors for host selection and oviposition. Susceptible hollow stem wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars release a greater amount of attractive compound, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and receive a greater number of eggs compared to resistant solid stem wheat cultivars. However, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is becoming a more common host for C. cinctus in Montana. Therefore, how do host selection and oviposition behaviors on barley cultivars compare to what happens when encountering wheat cultivars? To answer this question, we carried out greenhouse experiments using two barley cultivars: ‘Hockett’ and ‘Craft’. Between these cultivars at Zadoks stages 34 and 49, we compared host selection decisions using a Y-tube olfactometer, compared oviposition behaviors on stems, and counted the number of eggs inside individual stems. In Y-tube bioassays, we found a greater number of C. cinctus females were attracted to the airstream passing over ‘Hockett’ than ‘Craft’ barley cultivars. Although the frequencies of oviposition behaviors were similar between these cultivars, the number of eggs was greater in ‘Hockett’. Volatile profiles indicated that the amount of linalool was greater in the airstream from ‘Craft’ than in ‘Hockett’ at Zadoks 34 while the amount of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate was greater in airstream from ‘Hockett’ at both Zadoks 34 and 49. These results suggest that volatiles of barley plants influenced host selection behavior of ovipositing C. cinctus females, while other discriminating behaviors do not differ between cultivars.
An analysis of dietary patterns and body composition parameters in the Polish population.

Background Lifestyle factors are the key determinants of health. Diet exerts the great influence on the weight to height ratio and the body fat percentage. In addition to total energy intake, the type and quality of the diet can also play a role in the etiology of obesity in susceptible individuals. Objective Aim of this study was to identify the dietary patterns of the Polish population and to determine the associations between these characteristics and body composition parameters. This study presents the clustering of dietary models and body composition to determine the association of these dietary patterns with BMI, physique rating (body type) or visceral fat. Material and methods The sample consisted of 402 respondents aged 18 to 65. Nutrition models were identified with cluster analysis. Logistic regression modelling with adjustment for confounders was applied. Three dietary-lifestyle patterns were identified. Results Individuals belonging to the processed food model were at significantly higher risk of overweight and obesity expressed by BMI scores (OR=1.55; 95%CI: 1.26-1.89). The average BMI score was 28.19 ± 3.45 kg/m2 in the processed food model, 23.78 ±2.21 kg/m2 in the control group, and 22.17 ± 2.69 kg/m2 in the healthy nutrition model. Respondents belonging to the processed food model were also characterized by considerably higher body fat percentage (OR=1.89, 95%CI: 1.37-2.34) and higher visceral fat levels (OR=2.12; 95%CI: 1.42-2.34). Frequent intake (at least several times a week) of sweetened carbonated or non-carbonated beverages (p=0.002) and instant foods (p=0.006) were the main factors associated with the risk of higher body fat percentage and higher visceral fat levels. Conclusions Dietary patterns have been proposed as a solution to investigating the association between food choice and body composition, and such studies focus on analyses of the entire diet, rather than on the intake of individual nutrients or food groups.
Differences in Clinical Indicators of Diabetes, Hypertension, and Dyslipidemia Among Workers Who Worked Long Hours and Shift Work

Background Many studies have reported an association between overwork, shift work, and chronic disease. However, there is little research on the influence of working hours and shift work and management of chronic diseases. The objective of this retrospective study was to examine the association between working hours, shift work type in workers with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Methods Among 18,513 hourly wageworkers from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 4,313 with hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia were selected. An analysis of covariance with general linear modeling was used to estimate group differences in clinical indices of chronic diseases according to weekly working hours and types of shift work, both unadjusted and adjusted for gender, age, education, marital status, household income, and medication usage. Findings Clinical indicators were worse in workers with diabetes (differences in HbA1c = 0.15%; fasting blood glucose = 4.84 mg/dL), hypertension (differences in diastolic blood pressure = 1.2 mmHg), or dyslipidemia (differences in total cholesterol = 3.3 mg/dL) who worked for more than 40 hours/week compared with workers who worked less than 40 hours per week. Clinical indicators in workers with diabetes and hypertension were worse in shift workers, including evening and night shifts, relative to those who did not work shiftwork. Conclusions/Application to Practice Working more than 40 hours per week and shift work were negatively associated with adverse clinical indicators among workers with chronic diseases. To improve the health of workers with chronic diseases, these findings suggest that adjustment of working hours and shift work may be warranted.
Associations between Daily Work Hassles and Energy-Balance Behaviors in Female African American Workers: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.

Objective Despite their high rate of labor force participation, African American women earn less and are overrepresented in service jobs that tend to have fewer benefits, longer work hours, and less flexibility. The aim of our study was to examine associations between work-related daily hassles and energy balance behaviors among female African American workers. Design A secondary analysis of a 7-day intensive longitudinal study using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Setting Metropolitan area of Chicago, Illinois, United States; July 2012 through January 2013. Participants A convenience sample of 70 female African American workers. Methods EMA was used to collect information over seven days on work hassles and energy balance behaviors: empty calorie food intake; moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA); sedentary behavior; sleep duration; and sleep disturbance. Within-person associations between daily work hassles and each of these daily energy balance behaviors were analyzed using person fixed-effects regression. Results A total of 334 person-day observations from 70 female African American workers were included in the final analysis. Reporting at least one daily work hassle was associated with same-day higher empty calorie food intake (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.0, 4.6) and more daily minutes of sedentary behavior (b: 35.8, 95% CI; .2, 71.3). However, no significant associations were found between prior-day work hassles and either food intake or sedentary behavior. Daily work hassles were not related to MVPA, sleep duration, or sleep disturbance. Conclusions Our study showed that daily work hassles were associated with female African American workers' empty calorie food intake and sedentary behaviors. Strategies to eliminate daily work hassles may help to improve their energy balance behaviors.