Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monthly Reservoir Inflow Forecasting for Dry Period Using Teleconnection Indices: A Statistical Ensemble Approach

Reliable long-range reservoir inflow forecast is essential to successfully manage water supply from reservoirs. This study aims to develop statistical reservoir inflow forecast models for a reservoir watershed, based on hydroclimatic teleconnection between monthly reservoir inflow and climatic variables. Predictability of such a direct relationship has not been assessed yet at the monthly time scale using the statistical ensemble approach that employs multiple data-driven models as an ensemble. For this purpose, three popular data-driven models, namely multiple linear regression (MLR), support vector machines (SVM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were used to develop monthly reservoir inflow forecasting models. These models have been verified using leave-one-out cross-validation with expected error S as a measure of forecast skill. The S values of the MLR model ranged from 0.21 to 0.55, the ANN model ranged from 0.20 to 0.52 and the SVM from 0.21 to 0.56 for different months. When used as an ensemble, Bayesian model averaging was more accurate than simple model averaging and naïve forecast for four target years tested. These were considered to be decent prediction skills, indicating that teleconnection-based models have the potential to be used as a tool to make a decision for reservoir operation in preparing for droughts.
Culicideofauna (Diptera) encontrada em entrenós de taquara de uma mata residual na área urbana de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil

A fragment of a forest, located in the urban area of Londrina, Parana, Brazil, was chosen to represent the area for this study. Many Merostachys Spreng, 1824 bamboo, which were naturally perforated and, therefore, ready to retain water, were found in the interior of this forest. Bamboo were collected every fifteen days during field actions. They were then measured and cut meter by meter before their contents were analyzed in the laboratory. A total of 542 specimens from the following species were collected during one year: Sabethes aurescens (Lutz, 1905), Sabethes melanomymphe Dyar, 1924, Sabethes identicus Dyar & Knab, 1907, Wyeomyia rooti (Del Ponte, 1939), Wyeomyia limai Lane & Cerqueira, 1942, Wyeomyia sp. , Trichoprosopon pallidiventer (Lutz, 1905), Trichoprosopon humboldti Lane & Cerqueira, 1942, Toxorhynchites sp. e Shannoniana schedocyclium (Dyar & Knab, 1908). Wyeomyia limai and Sabethes aurescens were the most frequently found species. The first specie had the highest population index in february whereas the Sabethes aurescens, had its highest index in july, february and november. The largest number of larvae were obtained in the months of february and march. As for stratification, the greatest quantity of larvae was found at two meters. The specie Wyeomyia limai predominated in all heights, being most abundant at three meters high whereas the Sabethes was most abundant at one meter high. The presence of bamboo in small forest spots in urban areas is enough to host a certain variety of Culicidae of the Sabethini tribe which are considered wild mosquito. These same mosquito, due to their hematophagus habitat, can be hazardous to public health.
Direct oral anticoagulants compared to low‐molecular‐weight heparin for the treatment of cancer‐associated thrombosis: Updated systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Low‐molecular‐weight‐heparins (LMWHs) have been established for the treatment of cancer‐associated venous thromboembolism (VTE). Recently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have compared direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with LMWHs. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate efficacy and safety of DOACs versus LMWHs and update the evidence for treatment of VTE in cancer.
Litter Decomposition and Mineralization in Bahiagrass Pastures Managed at Different Intensities

Plant litter is an important nutrient pool in grassland ecosystems. Management practices affect litter quality and may affect nutrient dynamics in pastures by altering the rates of nutrient mineralization and immobilization. The effect of management intensity on litter decomposition and nutrient disappearance was evaluated in a litter bag study on continuously stocked 'Pensacola' bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) pastures growing on Pomona and Smyrna sands. Treatments were three management intensities: Low (40 kg N ha -1 yr -1 and 1.3 animal units [AU, one AU = 500 kg live weight] ha -1 stocking rate [SR]), Moderate (120 kg N ha -1 yr -1 and 2.7 AU ha -1 SR), and High (360 kg N ha -1 yr -1 and 4.0 AU ha -1 SR). Litter relative decomposition rate (k) was greater for High (0.0030 g g -1 d -1 ) than Low (0.0016 g g -1 d -1 ). Litter N, acid detergent insoluble N (ADIN), and lignin concentrations were greater for High than the other intensities at the end of the 168-d incubation period because of faster decomposition of soluble compounds. Across management intensities, approximately one-half of litter N remaining at the end of the incubation period was bound to add detergent fiber (ADF). Net N mineralization through 128 d of incubation was only 200 to 300 g kg -1 of total N. Increasing management intensity resulted in faster litter turnover and greater nutrient release, but nutrient release from litter was small and significant quantities of nutrients were immobilized even under the most intensive management.
Expression of Key Genes of the Isoflavonoid Pathway in Hypocotyls and Cotyledons During Soybean Seed Maturation

Soybean ( max (L.) Merr. ) seed accu - mulates large amounts of isoflavones, which are known for their phytoestrogenic activities. Three isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, and gly - citein) are found in the seed. They are 4 to 10 times more concentrated in hypocotyls than in cotyledons. Isoflavone composition markedly diverges between these two seed parts and their accumulation begins in cotyledons at 40 d after flowering (DAF) once completed in hypo - cotyls. The relation between the genes of the isoflavonoid pathway and the isoflavone content has been investigated through (i) the variability of isoflavone synthase () genomic sequences in six cultivars with contrasted isoflavone con - tent and (ii) the expression of key genes in two cultivars at 25, 40, and 60 DAF in hypocotyls and cotyledons. IFS1 and IFS2 polymorphism was not related to the isoflavone content. The expression of chalcone synthases ( CHS7 and CHS8) was related to isoflavone accumula - tion kinetics in the cotyledons but not with the total content at maturity. CHS9 was the most expressed CHS isoform and the only one cor - related with the hypocotyl isoflavone accumula - tion kinetics. The chalcone reductase ( CHR) and CHI expression profiles were significantly differ - ent between the two seed parts. These results indicate that the regulation of the isoflavone pathway is controlled differently in cotyledons and hypocotyls during seed maturation. This discrepancy should be taken into account in the studies on genetic and environmental effects on isoflavone contents.
Foraging areas of black-browed and grey-headed albatrosses breeding on macquarie island in relation to marine protected areas

1. Although marine protected areas (MPAs) are often established to protect threatened top-order predators, there is a paucity of data that can be used to evaluate their efficacy in achieving this purpose. 2. We assessed the effectiveness of a network of MPAs around Macquarie Island in the Southern Ocean by examining the foraging areas of breeding black-browed Thalassarche melanophrys and grey-headed albatrosses T. chrysostoma. 3. During late incubation and brood periods over 90% of time spent foraging by black-browed albatrosses was contained within MPAs, principally the Economic Exclusion Zone (EEZ) around Macquarie Island. In contrast, grey-headed albatrosses spent only 34% of their time foraging in MPAs. 4. Black-browed and grey-headed albatrosses spent 30% and 15% of their respective foraging times in the Marine Park around Macquarie Island. 5. Both black-browed and grey-headed albatrosses foraged in Antarctic waters under the jurisdiction of the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), accounting for 5% and 12% of the total foraging times respectively. 6. The spatial extent of MPAs around Macquarie Island appear to adequately cover much of the foraging distribution of breeding black-browed albatrosses from Macquarie Island. 7. Breeding grey-headed albatrosses spend significantly more time in waters outside the spatial extent of the surrounding MPAs and are at higher risk from fisheries activities and other threats. 8. Further information on the foraging movements both of albatrosses outside the breeding season and of juvenile albatrosses is required to more fully assess the efficacy of MPAs in protecting foraging habitats of these species. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AN ASSESSMENT OF EPIPHYTIC LICHEN DIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN KNOCKSINK WOOD NATURE RESERVE, IRELAND

Abstract:Epiphytic lichens are extremely sensitive to environmental perturbations. This research work has adapted and applied recently developed methods of assessing epiphytic lichen species diversity to the Irish semi-natural acidophilous woodlands of Knocksink Wood Nature Reserve, Enniskerry, Co. Wicklow, Ireland. The study has focused on the differences that arise in relation to acidophilous oak versus ash—hazel woodlands at Knocksink. The frequency of occurrence of lichen species on a defined portion of tree bark is used as an estimate of diversity and to evaluate the degree of environmental stress on the sensitive lichen community. Epiphytic lichens were investigated across the oak woodland (Blechno-Quercetum petraeae) and ash—hazel woodland (Corylo-Fraxinetum) and a total of 30 lichen taxa were recorded on trunks and 11 on twigs and branches. Results showed that 26 epiphytic lichen taxa were found on the oak tree trunks in the oak woodland and 14 epiphytic lichen taxa on the ash tree trunks in the ash—hazel woodland. The genera with the highest number of species were Opegrapha, Pertusaria and Arthonia for tree trunks and Parmelia, Hypogymnia for tree canopies. Lichen diversity (LD) results were interpreted in terms of environmental assessment and a relatively low environmental quality was detected. Further comparison to other broadleaf woodlands in Ireland revealed a poverty of epiphytic lichen flora at Knocksink. Oak trees in the oak woodland were recognized as richer in lichen flora on the trunk area than ash trees in ash—hazel woodland. However, the epiphytic lichens in the ash—hazel woodland showed a higher LD score than that in the oak woodland at Knocksink Wood. This research advances understanding of environment influences on sensitive epiphytic lichens and their abundance and distribution in Irish broadleaf woodlands.
The Industry Internet of Things (IIoT) as a Methodology for Autonomous Diagnostics in Aerospace Structural Health Monitoring

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), defined as the process that involves sensing, computing, and decision making to assess the integrity of infrastructure, has been plagued by data management challenges. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), a subset of Internet of Things (IoT), provides a way to decisively address SHM’s big data problem and provide a framework for autonomous processing. The key focus of IIoT is operational efficiency and cost optimization. The purpose, therefore, of the IIoT approach in this investigation is to develop a framework that connects nondestructive evaluation sensor data with real-time processing algorithms on an IoT hardware/software system to provide diagnostic capabilities for efficient data processing related to SHM. Specifically, the proposed IIoT approach is comprised of three components: the Cloud, the Fog, and the Edge. The Cloud is used to store historical data as well as to perform demanding computations such as off-line machine learning. The Fog is the hardware that performs real-time diagnostics using information received both from sensing and the Cloud. The Edge is the bottom level hardware that records data at the sensor level. In this investigation, an application of this approach to evaluate the state of health of an aerospace grade composite material at laboratory conditions is presented. The key link that limits human intervention in data processing is the implemented database management approach which is the particular focus of this manuscript. Specifically, a NoSQL database is implemented to provide live data transfer from the Edge to both the Fog and Cloud. Through this database, the algorithms used are capable to execute filtering by classification at the Fog level, as live data is recorded. The processed data is automatically sent to the Cloud for further operations such as visualization. The system integration with three layers provides an opportunity to create a paradigm for intelligent real-time data quality management.
STUDY OF UNCERTAINTIES ON A 0D MODEL OF THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

Cardiovascular system is intensely researched to understand the intricate nature of the heart and blood circulation. Nowadays we have well evolved computational models which are useful in many ways for the understanding and analysis of physiological and pathophysiological conditions of the heart. However, the practical use of these models and their results for clinical decision making in specific patients is not straightforward. In this context, models predictions must be accurate and reliable, which can be assessed by quantification of uncertainties in the predictions and sensitivity analysis of the input parameters. Lumped parameter models for the cardiovascular physiology can provide useful data for clinical patient-specific applications. However, the accurate estimation of all parameters of these models is a difficult task, and therefore the determination of the most sensitive parameters is an important step towards the calibration of these models. We perform uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis based on generalised polynomial chaos expansion in a lumped parameter model for the systemic circulation. The objective of this work is to verify the effect of uncertainties from input parameters on the predictions of the models and to identify parameters that contribute significantly to relevant quantities of interest. Numerical experiments are performed and results indicate a set of the most relevant parameters in the context of these models.
On the Ontological Turn in Economics: The Promises of Agent-Based Computational Economics

This article argues that agent-based modeling (ABM) is the methodological implication of Lawson’s championed ontological turn in economics. We single out three major properties of agent-based computational economics (ACE), namely, autonomous agents, social interactions, and the micro-macro links, which have been well accepted by the ACE community. We then argue that ACE does make a full commitment to the ontology of economics as proposed by Lawson, based on his prompted critical realism. Nevertheless, the article also points out the current limitations or constraints of ACE. Efforts to overcome them are deemed to be crucial before ACE can make itself more promising to the current ontological turn in economics.
The importance of species pool size for community composition

We investigated if an increase in species pool size leads to more pronounced turnover in local communities and assessed if this increase relates to stronger competition for environmental niches or to more random placement of species. We compared compositional turnover of pteridophytes (ferns and lycophytes) at 15 sites in mountain ecosystems on 13 islands in southeast Asia and Melanesia that mainly differed in the size of their species pool. Each site was sampled with 16 plots of 20 × 20 m2. Using multiple regression on distance matrices, we investigated the relationship between environmental distance and compositional turnover at different spatial extents within sites with different species pool sizes. Additionally, we tested the hypothesis that the intensity of competition increases with increasing species pool size. This was done by assessing how realized niche overlap and unevenness of communities relate to environmental distance and species pool size. With increasing species pool size, there was an increase in: a) proportional turnover in community composition, b) the importance of environmental distance for explaining turnover in community composition and c) a decrease in environmental niche overlap between species indicating an increasing importance of competition for community composition. Our results support the idea that increasing species pool size increases the competition for available environmental niches, and thereby leads to a tighter connection between environmental factors and community composition.
POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE OF FINLESS PORPOISES, NEOPHOCAENA PHOCAENOIDES, IN CHINESE WATERS, INFERRED FROM MITOCHONDRIAL CONTROL REGION SEQUENCES

Seven hundred and twenty base pairs (bp) of the mitochondrial control region from 73 finless porpoises, Neophocaena phocaenoides, in Chinese waters were sequenced. Thirteen variable sites were determined and 17 haplotypes were defined. Of these, 5 and 7 were found only in the Yellow Sea population and the South China Sea population, respectively, whereas no specific haplotype was found in the Yangtze River population. Phylogenetic analyses using NJ and ML algorithm did not divide the haplotypes into monophyletic clades representing recognized geographic populations of finless porpoises in Chinese waters, suggesting the existence of migration and gene flow among populations. Analysis of molecular variance showed the obvious population genetic structure (Φ st = 0.41, P < 0.05); however, the structure was mainly between either the Yangtze River population or the Yellow Sea population and the South China Sea population. The genetic diversity (nucleotide diversity and haplotypic diversity) of the Yellow Sea population was significantly higher than those of the Yangtze River population and the South China Sea population, suggesting the relatively later divergence of the latter two populations and supporting the Yellow Sea population as the original center of Neophocaena.
Combined feedback linearization and sliding mode control for vibration suppression of a robotic excavator on an elastic foundation

Hydraulic crawler excavators have been widely used for construction in industry, mining, and agriculture because of their special ability to work on weak soil support. However, the elastic properties of the ground increase the undesired vibrations of the entire operating machine. These oscillations significantly influence the working productivity, the level of fuel expenditure, and the comfort of the driver. There have been many works addressing this problem, although they mainly focus on mechanical dampers. Considering the system from robotic and control aspects, this study presents a new approach to deal with the abovementioned problem. A controller design, which uses a combination of feedback linearization and sliding mode control, is proposed based on a dynamic model. This control law reduces the vibrations of the system working on an elastic foundation, while also allowing for accurate tracking performance of the links. This control law is applied to a small-scale platform to investigate its feasibility for practical applications.
Short-Term Traffic Speed Prediction Method for Urban Road Sections Based on Wavelet Transform and Gated Recurrent Unit

As a core component of the urban intelligent transportation system, traffic prediction is significant for urban traffic control and guidance. However, it is challenging to achieve accurate traffic prediction due to the complex spatiotemporal correlation of traffic data. A road section speed prediction model based on wavelet transform and neural network is, therefore, proposed in this article to improve traffic prediction methods. The wavelet transform is used to decompose the original traffic speed data, and then the coefficients obtained after the decomposition are used to reconstruct the high-frequency random sequences and the low-frequency trend sequence. Secondly, a GRU neural network is constructed to learn the trend of low-frequency sequence. The spatiotemporal correlation between input data is extracted by adjusting the input of the model. Meanwhile, an ARMA model is used to fit unstable random fluctuations of high-frequency sequences. Last of all, the prediction results of the two models are added together to obtain the final prediction result. The proposed prediction model is validated by using road section speed data based on the floating car data collected in Ningbo. The results show that the proposed model has high accuracy and robustness.
Silent and oral sentence reading in Estonian: investigating the effect of phonetic quantity on eye movements

This paper studies the processing of prosodic information in silent and oral reading of Estonian. In Estonian, that has a three-way quantity opposition, the long and overlong quantity degrees are not distinguished in orthography. In a frequent morphological word type, genitive vs. partitive forms are marked with quantity alteration, resulting in ambiguous homographs where the correct word form can only be determined from the context. Such words are expected to require more processing compared to those with no quantity alteration and unambiguous orthographic form. An eyetracking experiment was carried out with 24 native Estonian speakers performing a reading task both in silent reading and read-aloud mode. The target words were embedded in the central position of compound sentences, and the place-ment of the target word context was altered. The results show that the words with quantity alteration required more processing compared to the words with no quantity alteration, when the participants were reading aloud. In the case of silent reading the quantity effect did not appear, but the processing was faster when the context preceded the target word.
A 400-GHz Low Cost Planar Leaky-Wave Antenna With Low Sidelobe Level and Low Cross-Polarization Level

This letter proposes a 400-GHz leaky-wave antenna with low sidelobe level (SLL) and low cross-polarization level (CPL). Tapered radiation slots are designed for achieving a low SLL, virtual electrical walls are deployed to remove the loss from metal sidewalls by using a high-order mode feeding network, and a symmetrical layout with alternative-phase excitations is adopted for the array to suppress the CPL. The conventional computer numerical controlled metal-milling and printed-circuit-board processes are used to fabricate the designed prototype. Experiments are carried out to verify the design. The measured peak gain and radiation efficiency of the fabricated prototype are 21.32 dBi and 34.65% at 395 GHz, respectively. In addition, its measured SLL and CPL are about −25 and −30 dB, respectively. The proposed antenna shows merits of the low cost, low SLL and CPL performance for potential terahertz applications.