Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting stars, galaxies, and asteroids with Gaia

(Abridged) Gaia aims to make a 3-dimensional map of 1,000 million stars in our Milky Way to unravel its kinematical, dynamical, and chemical structure and evolution. Gaia's on-board detection software discriminates stars from spurious objects like cosmic rays and Solar protons. For this, parametrised point-spread-function-shape criteria are used. This study aims to provide an optimum set of parameters for these filters. We developed an emulation of the on-board detection software, which has 20 free, so-called rejection parameters which govern the boundaries between stars on the one hand and sharp or extended events on the other hand. We evaluate the detection and rejection performance of the algorithm using catalogues of simulated single stars, double stars, cosmic rays, Solar protons, unresolved galaxies, and asteroids. We optimised the rejection parameters, improving - with respect to the functional baseline - the detection performance of single and double stars, while, at the same time, improving the rejection performance of cosmic rays and of Solar protons. We find that the minimum separation to resolve a close, equal-brightness double star is 0.23 arcsec in the along-scan and 0.70 arcsec in the across-scan direction, independent of the brightness of the primary. We find that, whereas the optimised rejection parameters have no significant impact on the detectability of de Vaucouleurs profiles, they do significantly improve the detection of exponential-disk profiles. We also find that the optimised rejection parameters provide detection gains for asteroids fainter than 20 mag and for fast-moving near-Earth objects fainter than 18 mag, albeit this gain comes at the expense of a modest detection-probability loss for bright, fast-moving near-Earth objects. The major side effect of the optimised parameters is that spurious ghosts in the wings of bright stars essentially pass unfiltered.
Pollination Ecology of the Manicaria saccifera (ARECACEAE): A Rare Case of Pollinator Exclusion

We studied the reproductive biology and pollination ecology of the palm cabecinegro (Manicaria saccifera) in very wet tropical forest, in the Chocó, Pacific region of Colombia. We present data about the phenology, floral morphology, floral biology, reproductive system, and pollination. M. saccifera is monoecious, self-incompatible, lacks apomixis and has dichogamy in the form of protogyny. Flowering occurs all year round with a peak between April and May. A single individual may produce up to five inflorescences in its reproductive period. Each inflorescence has unisexual flowers grouped in dyads and triads; anthesis is diurnal and the flowers may be receptive for 72 h. Flowers are visited by 10 species of insects. The inflorescences in the female-phase do not offer reward and insects are attracted by olfactory mimicry; in the male-phase flowers reward visitors with pollen and a place to oviposit. The most efficient pollinator is Mystrosp cercus (Nitidulidae), the only visitor arriving in abundance during the female-phase. Other insects do not enter the flower because the peduncular bract and the petals act as barriers, blocking the entrance of insects greater than 2 mm. Having one exclusive pollinator which in turn depends on the palm for its survival is an example of extreme specialization and mutual dependence.
A Design Science Research Methodology for Expert Systems Development

The knowledge of design science research (DSR) can have applications for improving expert systems (ES) development research. Although significant progress of utilising DSR has been observed in particular information systems design – such as decision support systems (DSS) studies – only rare attempts can be found in the ES design literature. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the use of DSR for ES design. First, we explore the ES development literature to reveal the presence of DSR as a research methodology. For this, we select relevant literature criteria and apply a qualitative content analysis in order to generate themes inductively to match the DSR components. Second, utilising the findings of the comparison, we determine a new DSR approach for designing a specific ES that is guided by another result – the findings of a content analysis of examination scripts in Mathematics. The specific ES artefact for a case demonstration is designed for addressing the requirement of a ‘wicked’ problem in that the key purpose is to assist human assessors when evaluating multi-step question (MSQ) solutions. It is anticipated that the proposed design knowledge, in terms of both problem class and functions of ES artefacts, will help ES designers and researchers to address similar issues for designing information system solutions.
NON-SPATIAL AND GEOSPATIAL SEMANTIC QUERY OF HEALTH INFORMATION

With the growing amount of health information and frequent outbreaks of diseases, the retrieval of health information is given more concern. Machine understanding of spatial information can improve the interpretation of health data semantics. Most of the current research focused on the non-spatial semantics of health data, using ontologies and rules. Utilizing the spatial component of health data can assist in the understanding of health phenomena. This research proposes a semantic health information query architecture that allows the incorporation of both non-spatial semantics and geospatial semantics in health information integration and retrieval.
Modal Considerations on Information Processing and Computation in the Nervous System

a computing system that is neither digital nor analog) and by a system that is not a generic computer (a computer in the most general sense: one that includes digital, analog, and any other kind of computation). Actual neural processing is presumed to be computational in these two senses (Piccinini and Bahar 2012). I will argue that, even if this is true, neural processing can be realized by a computing system that is not of the same kind as those that perform actual neural processing and even by a system that is not computational at all.
Absolute pitch and its implications for music

Absolute pitch is defined as an ability to identify musical pitch of single tones presented in isolation. There has been so far little empirical research investigating in detail how people with absolute pitch perceive musical pitch, so absolute pitch is still surrounded by mystery. This article summarizes a series of the author's experiments exploring the perception of musical pitch and melodies by listeners having absolute pitch. Absolute pitch has been considered an important part of musical ability, and is assumed to be acquired primarily through early music training at the age from 3 to 6 years. However, critically important is relative pitch (pitch relations) on which melodies and harmonic structures are constructed. In contrast, absolute pitch that enables its possessors to name isolated tones is not crucial to music. Moreover, the experimental findings suggest that absolute pitch may sometimes be disadvantageous for musicians since it may, in some cases, be incompatible with processing and learning of relative pitch.
IGNT EDGE DETECTION BASED 2D MOTION TRACKING SYSTEM

An Edge is a fundamental hint given for the description of 2D/3D Scene. They form the bases for analyzing, interpreting and understanding the concepts in an image. The Edge Detection methods used in the Kinect device are at present without the consideration for the characteristics of the cameras used in a Kinect. In this paper, An Improved Gradient Noise Tolerant Method for Enhanced Edge Detection (IGNT) is used as the principle for the Detection of Edges in the 2D images and 3D geometry of an image/video. This paper studies the concept of the Gradient technique being applied in the Kinect Sensor.
Observable Zitterbewegung in curved spacetimes Kobakhidze, Archil

Article history: Received 27 August 2015 Received in revised form 15 March 2016 Accepted 16 March 2016 Available online 22 March 2016 Editor: M. Trodden Zitterbewegung, as it was originally described by Schrödinger, is an unphysical, non-observable effect. We verify whether the effect can be observed in non-inertial reference frames/curved spacetimes, where the ambiguity in defining particle states results in a mixing of positive and negative frequency modes. We explicitly demonstrate that such a mixing is in fact necessary to obtain the correct classical value for a particle’s velocity in a uniformly accelerated reference frame, whereas in cosmological spacetime a particle does indeed exhibit Zitterbewegung. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP3.
Driver Behaviour Profiling Using Dynamic Bayesian Network

In the recent past, there has been a rapid increase in the number of vehicles and diversification of road networks worldwide. The biggest challenge now lies on how to monitor and analyse behaviours of vehicle drivers as a catalyst to road safety. Driver behaviour depends on the state and nature of the road, the state of the driver, vehicle conditions, and actions of other road users among other factors. This paper illustrates the ability of Dynamic Bayesian Networks towards determination of driving styles with respect to acceleration, cornering and braking patterns. Bayesian Networks are probabilistic graphical models that map a set of variables and their conditional dependencies. Sample test results showed that the 2-Time-slice Bayesian Network model is suitable for generation of driver profiles using only four GPS data parameters namely speed, altitude, direction and signal strength against time. The model classifies driver profiles into two sets of observations: driver behaviour and nature of operational environment. Adoption of the model could offer a cost effective, easy to implement and use solution that could find many applications in vehicle driver recruiting firms, vehicle insurance companies and transport and road safety authorities among other sectors.
Pressure Hallucinations and Patterns in the Brain

Whirling domains of geometric patterns seen after pressure on the eyeball, known as phosphenes, have been observed for over 2000 years, but their source of origin remains a mystery. The study tested the feasibility of phosphene generation in the cortex through the action of decreased retinal input. This decrease is elicited by the retinal ischemia that accompanies prolonged pressure. A simple Wilson-Cowan network model of interactions between excitatory and inhibitory neurons receiving tonic thalamic inputs was used. Assuming that inhibitory neurons normally receive disproportionately more retinal input, it was predicted and demonstrated by phase plane analysis of a reduced twoneuron-pair model that decreased retinal input would cause the uniform steady state of the cortex to become unstable via a pitchfork bifurcation, resulting in elementary cortical pattern formation. In a circular, one-dimensional network of 102 neurons, simple stripe patterns were produced by the proposed mechanism. Under the complex logarithmic visuo-cortical mapping, similar two-dimensional patterns could account for commonly observed binocular pressure phosphenes.
The Smoker's Wage Penalty Puzzle — Evidence from Britain

This work investigates the effect of smoking on wages for male workers using panel data from Britain for the period of 1991-2005. The strong negative correlation of smoking and wages found in a crosssectional analysis reduces substantially when accounting for unobserved individual heterogeneity using Fixed Effects estimation. I find a statistically significant wage penalty that is causally due to smoking of about -2% for smokers over those who quit. Further analysis indicates, however, that the negative effect might be underestimated when comparing with those who never started smoking or quit a long time ago.
Illuminating Innovation: From Patent Racing to Patent War

Patent law assumes that stronger protection promotes innovation, yet empirical evidence to test this “innovation hypothesis” is lacking. This Article argues that historical case studies hold unique promise to provide an empirical foundation for modern patent policy. Specifically, this Article uses the history of patents surrounding the light bulb to examine a recently articulated theory of “patent racing” as a justification for patent protection. Thomas Edison’s experience confirms that Mark Lemley’s racing model has substantial descriptive merit. Yet this case study also reveals the limits of the patent racing model. Looking past the initial finish line of patent filings to later litigation, the competition looks less like a race and more like a war. The Article then proposes a new model of “patent warfare” resembling the board game Risk. In the game, competing parties assemble strategic assets, then turn to battle their rivals for world domination. Similarly, innovative technology companies assemble patent portfolios — initially for defensive purposes in the context of a dynamic and competitive field. As an industry matures, however, dominant players convert their shields into weapons to eliminate their competition. Just as nineteenth-century companies in the early electrical industry battled to control the light bulb, a new patent war is now emerging to control the smartphone. This anticompetitive endgame diminished next-generation innovation in electric light and now threatens the future of innovation in mobile computing. A new appreciation of patent warfare should prompt increased skepticism of the “innovation assumption” at the heart of patent law. Patent protection clearly provides short-term benefits to innovation, but it also produces unanticipated longterm costs to competition and next-generation innovation. Further empirical research is needed to ascertain whether the benefits outweigh the costs or vice versa and what tweaks to the patent system might allow us to continue to capture the benefits while lowering the costs. In this continued effort, historical case studies will prove particularly helpful because they permit insight into the complex workings of patent law on an industry over a longer time horizon, revealing not only the short-term benefits but also the long-term costs.
BRAIN NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN DIABETIC RATS TREATED WITH COENZYME Q10 Research Article

Streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetes provides a relevant example of endogenous chronic oxidative stress and hyperglycemia. Thus, we evaluated the brain oxidative stress induced by STZ in rats with consequent changes in brain neurotransmitters and examined the potential protective role of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) against the changes STZ induced.60 male albino rats were used in this study, divided into four groups (control, coenzyme Q10, diabetic and diabetic treated groups). Fasting blood glucose, brain malondialdehyde (MDA) as oxidant marker and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as antioxidant marker were estimated. Also brain neurotransmitters including noradrenalin, dopamine and serotonin were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The data showed that oxidative stress markers and brain neurotransmitters were elevated in diabetic rats while coenzyme Q10 decreased these values in treated group. We concluded that coenzyme Q10 supplementation may be useful in treatment of brain dysfunction in diabetes.
The Effect of Urban Fuel Stations on Soil Contamination with Petroleum Hydrocarbons

Background:A critical environmental impact of the petroleum industry is the contamination of soil by oil and other related products which are highly toxic and exhibit molecular recalcitrance. Therefore, this study focused on investigating the total amount of petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in soil of urban fuel stations in Hamedan City, Iran. Methods:Thirteen high traffic urban fuel stations were selected and random soil samples were collected from surface soils at selected fuel stations. The physical and chemical properties of the soil samples were determined in the laboratory. The concentration of TPHs in soils was determined by GC/MC. Results: Results showed that concentration of TPHs in all stations was more than the standard level in soil (2000 mg kg -1 ). The minimum and maximum TPHs concentration observed in
Lutte contre les ectoparasites des bovins par pédiluve : méthode innovante utilisée en zone périurbaine subhumide du Burkina Faso

A consequence of the increase of the urban demand for animal proteins is the development of the dairy cattle subsector in suburban areas of West Africa. But the inadequate control of diseases and parasites hampers production increase. A novel control method, based on cattle passing through a footbath containing an aqueous formulation of a pyrethroid, could however limit the impact of ticks and tsetse flies, the main pathologic constraints in subhumid areas. This method leads to the elimination of most of adult Amblyomma variegatum , the most harmful tick species in these areas, before attachment to their predilection sites. Furthermore, the footbath treatment helps to reduce drastically the most common populations of riverine tsetse flies in West Africa ( Glossina tachinoides and G. palpalis gambiensis ), and therefore helps limit trypanosomosis incidence. This control method is also efficacious, low timeconsuming and relatively unexpensive, because the product quantity used in the footbath at each passage is low. But the construction of the structure, which can be used by 400 to 600 head of cattle, is rather expensive and can be more easily achieved by farmers’ associations or private investors than by traditional farmers on their own. This method could be implemented within the framework of planning and development policies. The modalities of the technical support needed are described. In Burkina Faso, a development project for dairy cattle production (ARIOPE) financed the construction of 15 footbaths in the suburban areas of Bobo-Dioulasso and Ouagadougou.
The Relationship between Airbnb and the Hotel Revenue: In the Case of Korea

This study investigates the impact of Airbnb’s listing on the hotel revenue in Korea. We use the panel regression model for this purpose. First, it finds that Airbnb’s listing is not related to the hotel revenue. Even though the number of tourists is continuously increasing, most of them use hotels rather than Airbnb in Korea. Because the website of Airbnb has started from 2010 in Korea and has a low awareness, it has a less effect in Korea. The listing of Airbnb is rapidly growing in 2014. Given that the data of 2014 adds to the study, the result can be changed. Second, the estimate of the unemployment rate is strongly significant. If unemployment rate increases, the demand for hotel decreases. Because unemployment rate explains the present economic situation, the increase of the unemployment rate can imply a recession and the decrease of the trip can be followed. Third, the exchange rate has a positive effect on the hotel revenue, especially in Jeju. When the exchange rate is higher, the tourists from the abroad increase, and thus hotel revenue can increase. It implies that the tourists sensitively respond to the exchange rate. Forth, the estimates of the vacation dummy variable are strongly significant in Busan and Jeju. There is a ton of tourists in the holiday (especially summer) season, and thus it is common in the increase in the hotel revenue during this season.
Determinants of Job Creation in Eleven New EU Member States: Evidence from Firm Level Data

This paper builds on the analysis of job creation developed in World Bank (2013) to provide an empirical investigation of the industry and firm-specific determinants of the job creation process in eleven new European Union (EU11) economies. It relies on the Amadeus dataset of firms during 2002-2009. The main results indicate that during the years prior to the global financial crisis, traditional industries were crucial for the net creation of jobs in EU11. However, traditional industries were the ones most severely affected by the financial crisis. By contrast, services firms were less vulnerable to the economic downturn. At the firm level, small and young firms registered the highest employment growth rates. The empirical results also indicate that more productive firms tended to be less vulnerable to economic downturns. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the perceived quality of the business climate by the EU11 enterprises is correlated with not only the firms' employment growth, but also their productivity. In the post-crisis period, poor business restrictions were negatively associated with the creation of jobs. All these findings hold for the group of high-growth firms that disproportionately accounted for the creation of new jobs in the EU11 economies.
Precise model of Hawking radiation from the tunnelling mechanism

We recently improved the famous result of Parikh and Wilczek, who found a probability of emission of Hawking radiation that is compatible with a non-strictly thermal spectrum, showing that such a probability of emission is really associated with two non-strictly thermal distributions for bosons and fermions. Here, we finalize the model by finding the correct value of the pre-factor of the Parikh and Wilczek probability of emission. In fact, that expression has a ∼ sign instead of the equality. In general, in this kind of leading order tunneling calculation, the exponent indeed arises from the classical action, and the pre-factor is an order of Planck constant correction. But in the case of emissions of Hawking quanta, the variation of the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy is of the order of 1 for an emitted particle with energy of the order of the Hawking temperature. As a consequence, the exponent in the Parikh and Wilczek probability of emission is of the order of unity and one asks, what is the real significance of that scaling if the pre-factor is unknown? Here we solve the problem assuming the unitarity of the black hole (BH) quantum evaporation and considering the natural correspondence between Hawking radiation and quasi-normal modes (QNMs) of excited BHs, in a ‘Bohr-like model’ that we recently discussed in a series of papers. In those papers, QNMs are interpreted as natural BH quantum levels (the ‘electron states’ in the ‘Bohr-like model’). Here we find the intriguing result that, although in general it is well approximated by 1, the pre-factor of the Parikh and Wilczek probability of emission depends on the BH quantum level n . > We also write down an elegant expression of the probability of emission in terms of the BH quantum levels.