Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LeishmaniasisResponse in Experimental Visceral Phosphatase-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory Generation and Induces Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Uncoupling Protein 2 Negatively Regulates

To reside and multiply successfully within the host macrophages, Leishmania parasites impair the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are a major host defense mechanism against any invading pathogen. Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins are associated with mitochondrial ROS generation, which is the major contributor of total cellular ROS generation. In the present study we have demonstrated that Leishmania donovani infection is associated with strong upregulation of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), a negative regulator of mitochondrial ROS generation located at the inner membrane of mitochondria. Functional knockdown of macrophage UCP2 by small interfering RNA-mediated silencing was associated with increased mitochondrial ROS generation, lower parasite survival, and induction of marked proinﬂammatory cytokine response. Induction of proinﬂammatory cytokine response in UCP2 knocked-down cells was a direct consequence of p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK activation, which resulted from ROS-mediated inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Administration of ROS quencher, N -acetyl- L -cysteine, abrogated PTP inhibition in UCP2 knocked-down infected cells, implying a role of ROS in inactivating PTP. Short hairpin RNA-mediated in vivo silencing of UCP2 resulted in decreased Src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 1 and PTP-1B activity and host-protective proinﬂammatory cytokine response resulting in effective parasite clearance. To our knowledge, this study, for the ﬁrst time, reveals the induction of host UCP2 expression during Leishmania infection to down-regulate mitochondrial ROS generation, thereby possibly preventing ROS-mediated PTP inactivation to suppress macrophage defense mechanisms. The Journal of 2-ME, 10 mM p -nitrophenyl phosphate [pNPP]) for 30 min. OD was read at 405 nm. In a separate set of experiments, PTP activity was further determined by the capacity of pro- tein lysates to dephosphorylate a monophosphorylated phosphotyrosine peptide substrate (TRDIpYETDYYRK) for 10 min at 37˚C. Free inorga- nic phosphate was detected with malachite green (Sigma-Aldrich), and OD was taken at 620 nm. To evaluate Src homology region 2 domain- containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) and PTP-1B activity speciﬁcally, 100 m g whole-cell lysate was incubated for 2 h at 4˚C with 2 m g anti–SHP-1 or anti–PTP-1B Abs, respectively, and 100 m l protein A-Sepharose (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Immune complexes were collected by centrifugation at 10,000 3 g for 5 min at 4˚C, washed four times, and ﬁnally resuspended in 100 m l lysis buffer. Speciﬁc PTP activity was then evaluated by pNPP hydrolysis as described above. Nonspeciﬁc hydrolysis of pNPP by lysates was assessed in nonimmune IgG immunoprecipitates and subtracted from the values obtained for enzyme immunoprecipitates.
Evaluating simplified models in predicting global seismic responses of a shake table–test building isolated by triple friction pendulum bearings

This paper evaluates the ability of simplified superstructure models, including two shear frame models and a single‐story model, in predicting global responses of a full‐scale five‐story steel moment‐frame buildings isolated by triple friction pendulum bearings subjected to earthquake motions. The investigated responses include displacement of the isolation system, roof drift, story drift, and floor acceleration. Mechanical properties of the simplified superstructure models were derived from the modal information of a verified full 3‐D model. The comparison between the analytical responses and experimental responses shows that the simplified models can well predict the displacement of the isolation system. Furthermore, the shear‐frame models are adequate for predicting floor acceleration when the specimen is subjected to horizontal ground motions. However, when the specimen is subjected to 3‐D motions, the shear‐frame models un‐conservatively predict floor acceleration. The full 3‐D model improves the prediction of story drift compared with the simplified models for both horizontal and 3‐D motions.
MIMO–monopulse target localisation for automotive radar

In this study, the authors propose a novel direction of arrival (DoA) estimation algorithm called ‘multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO)–monopulse’ by combining the monopulse approach with MIMO radar. Monopulse is fast and accurate angle estimation algorithm, which has been well developed for tracking radar. The application of the monopulse technique on MIMO radar is not much considered before, especially for automotive-radar application, and will be discussed in this study. Conventional methods of monopulse DoA estimation include amplitude and phase comparison monopulse. In this study, to improve the performance of monopulse, they utilise Chebyshev and Zolotarev weighting to synthesise sum and difference patterns. A new visualisation method for monopulse ratio is discussed. Finally, they demonstrate the success of the proposed algorithm by processing real data from a 79 GHz frequency-modulated continuous-wave automotive radar.
EMOTIONAL EFFECT OF FONTS DURING CHINESE READING PROCESS

This research addressed how font selections affect reading emotions in Chinese reading. The paper assumed that: (1) font emotions could offer readers enough clues to arouse reader emotions when reading a narrative, which is emotion-absent itself; (2) reader emotions are enhanced or suppressed by font-article combinations. This interaction has also an effect on the speed with which an article segment is read. To examine the assumption, subjects were asked to read several article stimuli with different combination of fonts. By the use of eye-tracking, readers' eye movements were recorded. After Repeated Measure of ANOVA was adopted, the result shows that font emotions do reach significant level to affect reader emotions, whether font and article emotions may not interact. On the other hand, in physiological, readers' reading speeds were not affected by font selection. Styles of writing and difficulty might be the prime reason to affect readers' reading speeds.
Performance analysis of TCP over a mobile radio link

The scenario is that a bulk data transfer is being performed over a TCP connection, from a host on a local area network (LAN) to a mobile host attached to the LAN by a radio link. In an earlier work we had assumed that packet losses in a TCP connection over aradio link are statistically independent. In this paper, we extend this analysis to a Rayleigh fading link, which we model by a two-state Markov model. The bulk throughputs of TCP-OldTahoe and TCP-Tahoe are compared with and without fading, for various average signal-to-noise ratios. We also study the performance with a link protocol on the wireless link, and study the effect of varying the link packet size, the number of link packet attempts, and the vehicle speed. For the parameters of the BSD UNIX implementation, over a 1.5 Mbps wireless link, we find that, with fading, a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 30 dB is required to get reasonable throughput with TCP Tahoe or OldTahoe; this corresponds to at least 100 times more power than is needed without fading. For fixed signal-to-noise ratio, as the vehicle speed varies there are roughly 3 regions of performance: at very low speeds (pedestrian speeds) the throughput is very good; at low vehicular speeds the throughput deteriorates, and again becomes very good at higher vehicle speeds. The speeds corresponding to the various regions depend on the parameters of the link protocol.
Inversion de la forme d'onde dans le domaine fréquentiel de données sismiques grands offsets

L'approche standard en imagerie sismique repose sur une decomposition par echelle du modele de vitesse: la determination des bas nombres d'ondes est suivie par une reconstruction des hauts nombres d'ondes. Cependant, pour des modeles presentant une structure complexe, la determination des hauts nombres d'ondes peut etre amelioree de maniere significative par l'apport des nombres d'ondes intermediaires. Ces derniers peuvent etre determines par l'inversion non-lineaire de la forme d'onde de donnees sismiques grands angles qui est, par ailleurs, limitee par la non-linearite du probleme inverse. La non-linearite est gouvernee par la frequence minimum dans les donnees et le modele de vitesse initial. Pour les tres basses frequences, inferieures a 7 Hz, le probleme est raisonnablement lineaire pour appliquer l'inversion de la forme d'onde a partir d'un modele de depart determine par inversion tomographique des temps de trajets. Le domaine frequentiel est alors tres efficace pour inverser des basses vers les hautes frequences. De plus, il est possible de discretiser les frequences avec un pas d'echantillonnage plus grand que celui dicte par le theoreme d'echantillonnage. Une strategie pour selectionner les frequences est developpee qui reduit le nombre de frequences necessaire en imagerie lorsqu'une gamme d'offset est disponible: le nombre de frequences diminue lorsque l'offset maximum augmente. Les donnes sismiques reelles ne contiennent malheureusement pas de tres basses frequences. Des techniques de pre-conditionnement doivent alors etre appliquees afin d'ameliorer l'efficacite de l'inversion a partir de frequences realistes. Le lissage du vecteur gradient ainsi que l'inversion des premieres arrivees augmente les chances de convergence au minimum global. L'efficacite des methodes de pre-conditionnement est tout de meme limitee par le degre d'information contenu dans le modele de depart.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Noninvasive Imaging to Assess Atherosclerotic Plaque Composition and Disease Activity

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Atherosclerosis imaging has traditionally focused on detection of obstructive luminal stenoses or measurements of plaque burden. However, with advances in imaging technology it has now become possible to noninvasively interrogate plaque composition and disease activity, thereby differentiating stable from unstable patterns of disease and potentially improving risk strati ﬁ cation. This manuscript reviews multimodality imaging in this ﬁ eld, focusing on carotid and coronary atherosclerosis and how these novel techniques have the potential to complement current imaging assessments and improve clinical decision making. (J Am Coll Cardiol Img 2019; - : - – - ) © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Mitigation of cold boot attack using an encrypted memory controller

RAMs which are widely used in PCs and laptops are likely to break the popular supposition that data in them is lost whenever power supply is cut down. It has been proved in 2008 by a group of researchers that RAMs are no longer volatile in nature. The data remanence behaviour of DRAMs have allowed to retrieve memory contents when the power has been switched oﬀ by an attack known as cold boot attack. In cold boot attack, memory can be frozen using a refrigerant and then removed from the computer. It is then quickly placed into a specially designed system that reads out its content, targeting encryption keys and other sensitive information. Also, the standard mechanisms for protecting sensitive data on laptops, smartphones, PCs and Macs is no longer safe and secure. Several design practices have been discussed in the thesis which are being adopted to mitigate such attacks. Mitigation of Cold Boot Attack by providing encryption support in the memory controller is a promising technique which has been proposed in the thesis. The proposed memory security model protects digital content and software stored in untrusted system memory from physical tamper. The thesis introduces a set of architecture innovations that aim for the implementation of the proposed security model. Further, a new key storage mechanism is proposed. Also, analysis on the overhead occurred due to the adoption of this scheme has been discussed.
Scene Detection for Movies and Dramas Using Primitive

In this paper we propose an effective method to perform segmentation of movies and dramas into scenes. A scene can be defined as an independent part of movies or dramas which depicts a high-level concept or story of them. Therefore a scene is the most suitable unit for movie or drama video analysis and indexing. Automatically detecting exact scene boundaries is not straightforward because its boundaries are not defined physically but contextually. To detect exact scene boundaries, we use the 'cinema syntaxes' which are the principles obeyed by movie directors when they arrange shots to make a scene. First, we detect a primitive scene, a set of shots which follow a cinema syntax, from an input video, then detect final scene boundaries using primitive scenes and connected component labeling. We conduct performance comparison of the proposed scene detection algorithm with previous methods, showing that our method detects more precise scene boundaries than the others.
Allostimulatory Ability Cells and Restrains Their T Cell Dendritic IL-10 Production by Liver Myeloid DAP12 Promotes IRAK-M Expression and

Freshly isolated hepatic dendritic cells (DC) are comparatively immature, relatively resistant to maturation, and can downmodulate effector T cell responses. Molecular mechanisms that underlie these properties are ill deﬁned. DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP12) is an ITAM-bearing transmembrane adaptor protein that integrates signals through several receptors, including triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1, -2, and CD200R. Notably, DC propagated from DAP12-deﬁcient mice exhibit enhanced maturation in response to TLR ligation. Given the constitutive exposure of liver DC to endotoxin draining from the gut, we hypothesized that DAP12 might regulate liver DC maturation. We show that DAP12 is expressed by freshly isolated liver, spleen, kidney, and lung myeloid DC. Moreover, inhibition of DAP12 expression by liver DC using small interfering RNA promotes their phenotypic and functional maturation, resulting in enhanced TNF- a , IL-6, and IL-12p70 production, reduced secretion of IL-10, and enhanced CD4 + and CD8 + T cell proliferation. Furthermore, DAP12 silencing correlates with decreased STAT3 phosphorylation in mature liver DC and with diminished expression of the IL-1R–associated kinase-M, a negative regulator of TLR signaling. These ﬁndings highlight a regulatory role for DAP12 in hepatic DC maturation, and suggest a mechanism whereby this function may be induced/maintained. The Journal of Immunology , 2011, 186: 1970–1980.
A GPU-based multilevel additive schwarz preconditioner for cloth and deformable body simulation

In this paper, we wish to push the limit of real-time cloth and deformable body simulation to a higher level with 50K to 500K vertices, based on the development of a novel GPU-based multilevel additive Schwarz (MAS) pre-conditioner. Similar to other preconditioners under the MAS framework, our preconditioner naturally adopts multilevel and domain decomposition concepts. But contrary to previous works, we advocate the use of small, non-overlapping domains that can well explore the parallel computing power on a GPU. Based on this idea, we investigate and invent a series of algorithms for our preconditioner, including multilevel domain construction using Morton codes, low-cost matrix precomputation by one-way Gauss-Jordan elimination, and conflict-free symmetric-matrix-vector multiplication in runtime preconditioning. The experiment shows that our preconditioner is effective, fast, cheap to precompute and scalable with respect to stiffness and problem size. It is compatible with many linear and nonlinear solvers used in cloth and deformable body simulation with dynamic contacts, such as PCG, accelerated gradient descent and L-BFGS. On a GPU, our preconditioner speeds up a PCG solver by approximately a factor of four, and its CPU version outperforms a number of competitors, including ILU0 and ILUT.
A fast unsmoothed aggregation algebraic multigrid framework for the large-scale simulation of incompressible flow

Multigrid methods are quite efficient for solving the pressure Poisson equation in simulations of incompressible flow. However, for viscous liquids, geometric multigrid turned out to be less efficient for solving the variational viscosity equation. In this contribution, we present an Unsmoothed Aggregation Algebraic MultiGrid (UAAMG) method with a multi-color Gauss-Seidel smoother, which consistently solves the variational viscosity equation in a few iterations for various material parameters. Moreover, we augment the OpenVDB data structure with Intel SIMD intrinsic functions to perform sparse matrix-vector multiplications efficiently on all multigrid levels. Our framework is 2.0 to 14.6 times faster compared to the state-of-the-art adaptive octree solver in commercial software for the large-scale simulation of both non-viscous and viscous flow. The code is available at http://computationalsciences.org/publications/shao-2022-multigrid.html.
Umbrella meshes

We present a computational inverse design framework for a new class of volumetric deployable structures that have compact rest states and deploy into bending-active 3D target surfaces. Umbrella meshes consist of elastic beams, rigid plates, and hinge joints that can be directly printed or assembled in a zero-energy fabrication state. During deployment, as the elastic beams of varying heights rotate from vertical to horizontal configurations, the entire structure transforms from a compact block into a target curved surface. Umbrella Meshes encode both intrinsic and extrinsic curvature of the target surface and in principle are free from the area expansion ratio bounds of past auxetic material systems. We build a reduced physics-based simulation framework to accurately and efficiently model the complex interaction between the elastically deforming components. To determine the mesh topology and optimal shape parameters for approximating a given target surface, we propose an inverse design optimization algorithm initialized with conformal flattening. Our algorithm minimizes the structure's strain energy in its deployed state and optimizes actuation forces so that the final deployed structure is in stable equilibrium close to the desired surface with few or no external constraints. We validate our approach by fabricating a series of physical models at various scales using different manufacturing techniques.
Filament based plasma

Simulation of stellar atmospheres, such as that of our own sun, is a common task in CGI for scientific visualization, movies and games. A fibrous volumetric texture is a visually dominant feature of the solar corona---the plasma that extends from the solar surface into space. These coronal fibers can be modeled as magnetic filaments whose shape is governed by the magnetohydrostatic equation. The magnetic filaments provide a Lagrangian curve representation and their initial configuration can be prescribed by an artist or generated from magnetic flux given as a scalar texture on the sun's surface. Subsequently, the shape of the filaments is determined based on a variational formulation. The output is a visual rendering of the whole sun. We demonstrate the fidelity of our method by comparing the resulting renderings with actual images of our sun's corona.
Unified many-worlds browsing of arbitrary physics-based animations

Manually tuning physics-based animation parameters to explore a simulation outcome space or achieve desired motion outcomes can be notoriously tedious. This problem has motivated many sophisticated and specialized optimization-based methods for fine-grained (keyframe) control, each of which are typically limited to specific animation phenomena, usually complicated, and, unfortunately, not widely used. In this paper, we propose Unified Many-Worlds Browsing (UMWB), a practical method for sample-level control and exploration of physics-based animations. Our approach supports browsing of large simulation ensembles of arbitrary animation phenomena by using a unified volumetric WORLDPACK representation based on spatiotemporally compressed voxel data associated with geometric occupancy and other low-fidelity animation state. Beyond memory reduction, the WORLDPACK representation also enables unified query support for interactive browsing: it provides fast evaluation of approximate spatiotemporal queries, such as occupancy tests that find ensemble samples ("worlds") where material is either IN or NOT IN a user-specified spacetime region. WORLDPACKS also support real-time hardware-accelerated voxel rendering by exploiting the spatially hierarchical and temporal RLE raster data structure. Our UMWB implementation supports interactive browsing (and offline refinement) of ensembles containing thousands of simulation samples, and fast spatiotemporal queries and ranking. We show UMWB results using a wide variety of physics-based animation phenomena---not just JELL-O®.
Implicit neural representation for physics-driven actuated soft bodies

Active soft bodies can affect their shape through an internal actuation mechanism that induces a deformation. Similar to recent work, this paper utilizes a differentiable, quasi-static, and physics-based simulation layer to optimize for actuation signals parameterized by neural networks. Our key contribution is a general and implicit formulation to control active soft bodies by defining a function that enables a continuous mapping from a spatial point in the material space to the actuation value. This property allows us to capture the signal's dominant frequencies, making the method discretization agnostic and widely applicable. We extend our implicit model to mandible kinematics for the particular case of facial animation and show that we can reliably reproduce facial expressions captured with high-quality capture systems. We apply the method to volumetric soft bodies, human poses, and facial expressions, demonstrating artist-friendly properties, such as simple control over the latent space and resolution invariance at test time.
Computational design of high-level interlocking puzzles

Interlocking puzzles are intriguing geometric games where the puzzle pieces are held together based on their geometric arrangement, preventing the puzzle from falling apart. High-level-of-difficulty, or simply high-level, interlocking puzzles are a subclass of interlocking puzzles that require multiple moves to take out the first subassembly from the puzzle. Solving a high-level interlocking puzzle is a challenging task since one has to explore many different configurations of the puzzle pieces until reaching a configuration where the first subassembly can be taken out. Designing a high-level interlocking puzzle with a user-specified level of difficulty is even harder since the puzzle pieces have to be interlocking in all the configurations before the first subassembly is taken out. In this paper, we present a computational approach to design high-level interlocking puzzles. The core idea is to represent all possible configurations of an interlocking puzzle as well as transitions among these configurations using a rooted, undirected graph called a disassembly graph and leverage this graph to find a disassembly plan that requires a minimal number of moves to take out the first subassembly from the puzzle. At the design stage, our algorithm iteratively constructs the geometry of each puzzle piece to expand the disassembly graph incrementally, aiming to achieve a user-specified level of difficulty. We show that our approach allows efficient generation of high-level interlocking puzzles of various shape complexities, including new solutions not attainable by state-of-the-art approaches.