Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rolling mill simulator

The cold rolling of flat metal products especially in tandem or multi-stand mills is a highly complex process where the product quality is influenced by various aspects. With the help of a hardware-in-the-loop simulator, the complete rolling process can be simulated and tested in real-time. This allows pre-commissioning and pre-optimizations before the actual commissioning work is done on the plant site. This reduces project schedule and safety risks and guarantees a much faster plant start-up.
Through Regulation of TCR Expression Levels, an Idd7 Region Gene(s) Interactively Contributes to the Impaired Thymic Deletion of Autoreactive Diabetogenic CD8+ T Cells in Nonobese Diabetic Mice1

When expressed in NOD, but not C57BL/6 (B6) genetic background mice, the common class I variants encoded by the H2g7 MHC haplotype aberrantly lose the ability to mediate the thymic deletion of autoreactive CD8+ T cells contributing to type 1 diabetes (T1D). This indicated some subset of the T1D susceptibility (Idd) genes located outside the MHC of NOD mice interactively impair the negative selection of diabetogenic CD8+ T cells. In this study, using both linkage and congenic strain analyses, we demonstrate contributions from a polymorphic gene(s) in the previously described Idd7 locus on the proximal portion of Chromosome 7 predominantly, but not exclusively, determines the extent to which H2g7 class I molecules can mediate the thymic deletion of diabetogenic CD8+ T cells as illustrated using the AI4 TCR transgenic system. The polymorphic Idd7 region gene(s) appears to control events that respectively result in high vs low expression of the AI4 clonotypic TCR α-chain on developing thymocytes in B6.H2g7 and NOD background mice. This expression difference likely lowers levels of the clonotypic AI4 TCR in NOD, but not B6.H2g7 thymocytes, below the threshold presumably necessary to induce a signaling response sufficient to trigger negative selection upon Ag engagement. These findings provide further insight to how susceptibility genes, both within and outside the MHC, may interact to elicit autoreactive T cell responses mediating T1D development in both NOD mice and human patients.
Molecular or Pharmacologic Perturbation of the Link between Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Is without Effect on Glucose-stimulated Insulin Secretion

The mechanism by which glucose stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreatic islets of Langerhans is incompletely understood. It has been suggested that malonyl-CoA plays a regulatory role by inhibiting fatty acid oxidation and promoting accumulation of cytosolic long-chain acyl-CoA (LC-CoA). In the current study, we have re-evaluated this “long-chain acyl-CoA hypothesis” by using molecular and pharmacologic methods to perturb lipid metabolism in INS-1 insulinoma cells or rat islets during glucose stimulation. First, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus containing the cDNA encoding malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (AdCMV-MCD), an enzyme that decarboxylates malonyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA. INS-1 cells treated with AdCMV-MCD had dramatically lowered intracellular malonyl CoA levels compared with AdCMV-βGal-treated cells at both 3 and 20 mm glucose. Further, at 20 mm glucose, AdCMV-MCD-treated cells were less effective at suppressing [1-14C]palmitate oxidation and incorporated 43% less labeled palmitate and 50% less labeled glucose into cellular lipids than either AdCMV-βGAL-treated or untreated INS-1 cells. Despite the large metabolic changes caused by expression of MCD, insulin secretion in response to glucose was unaltered relative to controls. The alternative, pharmacologic approach for perturbing lipid metabolism was to use triacsin C to inhibit long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase. This agent caused potent attenuation of palmitate oxidation and glucose or palmitate incorporation into cellular lipids and also caused a 47% decrease in total LC-CoA. Despite this, the drug had no effect on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in islets or INS-1 cells. We conclude that significant disruption of the link between glucose and lipid metabolism does not impair glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic islets or INS-1 cells.
Design of Mobile Teaching for Students Collaborative Learning in Distance Higher Education

— The aim of the study is to describe and analyze design of mobile teaching for students collaborative learning in distance higher education with a focus on mobile technologies as online webinars (web-based seminars or conferencing) by using laptops, smart phones, or tablets. These multimedia tools can provide face-to-face interactions, recorded flipped classroom videos and parallel chat communications. The data collection consists of interviews with 22 students and observations of online face-to-face webinars, as well two surveys. Theoretically, the study joins the research tradition of Computer Supported Collaborative learning, CSCL, as well as Computer Self-Efficacy, CSE concerned with individuals’ media and information literacy. Important conclusions from the study demonstrated mobile interactions increased student centered learning. As the students were appreciating the working methods, they became more engaged and motivated. The mobile technology using among student also contributes to increased flexibility between space and place, as well as media and information literacy .
Computer-aided design and three-dimensional printing in the manufacturing of an ocular prosthesis

Restoring the facial appearance in acquired anophthalmos entails precision fitting of a customised ocular prosthesis. The fabrication is an artisanal process, and is primarily based on an impression of the anophthalmic cavity. This is usually achieved by the impression-moulding method, which, however, may introduce errors, resulting in a poorly fitted prosthesis. We developed a new method in the manufacturing of a customised ocular prosthesis based on computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing. An ocular prosthesis, based on a three-dimensional (3D) printed impression-free mould of the anophthalmic cavity, was successfully fitted in a 68-year-old male. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a customised ocular prosthesis designed with the aid of 3D printing. Trial registration number B322201628407, Pre-results.
2 The Challenge of Bioenergies : An Overview

The rapid rise in the price of crude oil, the decrease in oil reserves, security concerns and greater recognition of the environmental impacts of fossil fuels have generated considerable interest in biofuels as an alternative energy source. The revolution in transportation that occurred at the beginning of the last century created dependence of Western economies on the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. The invention of the electric light bulb by T.A. Edison led to the installation of the first energy distribution plant in 1883 (in Roselle, New Jersey) and subsequently the electric grid came to the world. Because of the high rate (typically >90%) and ease of alternative to constant voltage conversion or vice versa, as well as mechanical conversion of electricity, the electric grid became the nervous system of our civilization. During the 20th century, humanity created a foundation in which electric applications are used in all segments of society. This revolution is now creating a system of pervasive computing and is preparing society for the era of nanotechnologies and robotics. However, the electric grid is dangerously dependent on the availability of carbon-based resources such as coal and natural gas (Song, 2006). Human civilization is now challenged with finding renewable and environmentally friendly energy sources for feeding both our electric grid and our economic growth. For the next two decades, fossil fuels will continue to be the most cost-effective energy resource. However, despite their higher costs, alternative energies have begun to be seriously investigated. It is the purpose of the present work to provide an overview of this issue. Existing fossil fuels are believed to have originated over the course of millions (M) of years (yrs) from biochemical and geochemical transformations of organic substances that were present on the earth’s surface. The geological storage of carbon in the form of fossil fuels can be viewed as one alternative route to the reduction/oxidation cycle of carbon that is occurring at the earth’s surface. Numerous studies have shown that coal is formed from biochemical degradation and geochemical maturation of higher-plant materials that were originally generated via photosynthesis. Crude oil also shows fingerprint molecules such as phytane that testify to its plant origin (Johnston et al., 2007). Crude oil contains various hydrocarbons that range from light gases (e.g., C1-C5) to heavy residues (Fialkov et al., 2008). These hydrocarbons are separated via distillation into three main products, namely naphtha, middle distillate and a residual fraction. Naphtha (boiling range 90-190oC) is mainly used for motor gasoline (C3-C12) and comprises approximately 20% of the total crude oil. The middle distillate can be separated into two categories
Cigarettes and suicide: a prospective study of 50,000 men.

OBJECTIVES This study examined the relation between smoking and suicide, controlling for various confounders. METHODS More than 50,000 predominantly White, middle-aged and elderly male health professionals were followed up prospectively with biennial questionnaires from 1986 through 1994. The primary end point was suicide. Characteristics controlled for included age, marital status, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake, coffee consumption, and history of cancer. RESULTS Eighty-two members of the cohort committed suicide during the 8-year follow-up period. In age-adjusted analyses with never smokers as the comparison group, the relative risk of suicide was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.8, 2.3) among former smokers, 2.6 (95% CI = 0.9, 7.5) for light smokers (< 15 cigarettes/day), and 4.5 (95% CI = 2.3, 8.8) among heavier smokers. After adjustment for potential confounders, the relative risks were 1.4 (95% CI = 0.9, 2.4), 2.5 (95% CI = 0.9, 7.3), and 4.3 (95% CI = 2.2, 8.5), respectively. CONCLUSION We found a positive, dose-related association between smoking and suicide among White men. Although inference about causality is not justified, our findings indicate that the smoking-suicide connection is not entirely due to the greater tendency among smokers to be unmarried, to be sedentary, to drink heavily, or to develop cancers.
Plasma cytokines and oxidative damage in HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents and young adults: A protective role for IL-10?

HIV infection causes immune activation that leads to oxidative damage. Proinflammatory cytokines may promote such damage and the regulatory cytokine IL-10 may protect against such damage. To examine the relation of these cytokines to oxidative damage, 67 cases of oxidative damage and 67 matched controls were selected from the reaching for excellence in adolescent health (REACH) study. Subjects were young (15–23 years), largely female (76%), HIV-positive (73%) and black (69%). Proinflammatory cytokines were not significantly associated with oxidative damage but plasma IL-10 had a significant, negative association with oxidative damage. This finding is consistent with a protective role for IL-10 in diminishing oxidative damage during immune activation.
Cutting Edge: The NLRP3 Inflammasome Links Complement-Mediated Inflammation and IL-1β Release

The complement system is a potent component of the innate immune response, promoting inflammation and orchestrating defense against pathogens. However, dysregulation of complement is critical to several autoimmune and inflammatory syndromes. Elevated expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β is often linked to such diseases. In this study, we reveal the mechanistic link between complement and IL-1β secretion using murine dendritic cells. IL-1β secretion occurs following intracellular caspase-1 activation by inflammasomes. We show that complement elicits secretion of both IL-1β and IL-18 in vitro and in vivo via the NLRP3 inflammasome. This effect depends on the inflammasome components NLRP3 and ASC, as well as caspase-1 activity. Interestingly, sublethal complement membrane attack complex formation, but not the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, activated the NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo. These findings provide insight into the molecular processes underlying complement-mediated inflammation and highlight the possibility of targeting IL-1β to control complement-induced disease and pathological inflammation.
Indo-Pacific seagrass beds and mangroves contribute to fish density and diversity on adjacent coral reefs

There is a long-standing debate whether mangrove and seagrass habitats in the Indo- Pacific region function as nurseries for coral reef fishes. We studied the use of all major shallow-water habitat types by juvenile coral reef fish using visual census surveys at 4 islands along the Tanzanian coast (East Africa) and at the island of Grande Comoros (Comoros archipelago). We investigated the value of mangroves, seagrass beds, coral reefs, macroalgae and intertidal flats as a juvenile habitat for fish by studying density distribution patterns of juveniles and adults of 76 reef fish species in these habitats. We assessed (1) which part of the reef fish community used mangrove-seagrass habitats as juvenile or adult habitats, (2) whether adult fish densities and diversity on adjacent reefs were related to the presence of these shallow habitats, and (3) whether adults of species that use these habitats when juvenile were less abundant on coral reefs situated far away from these juvenile habitats. Sea- grass beds and coral reefs were the most important juvenile fish habitats. Ontogenetic migrations between seagrass beds and reef habitats possibly occur, since several species showed their highest juvenile densities on seagrass beds, whereas adults showed their highest densities on reefs adjacent to these seagrass beds. The presence of areas with seagrass beds positively influenced adult densi- ties of many reef fish species on adjacent coral reefs. Of the 36 fish species whose juveniles were observed in seagrass beds along the Tanzanian coast, 32 species were absent from or showed low densities on coral reefs of the island of Grande Comoros (lacking seagrass beds or mangroves). On reefs far from seagrass beds and mangroves along the Tanzanian coast, 25 of these 36 species were absent or showed low densities in comparison with reefs adjacent to these habitats.
The Calibration of a Large Paraboloidal Antenna using a Cryogenic Black-Body Enclosure

The aperture efficiency of the 100-meter radiotelescope has been measured in the prime focus configuration at 5 GHz. Calibration was performed by inserting the feed-horn alternately in two specially designed black-body enclosures, the effective temperatures of which were provided by liquid nitrogen and liquid argon - a difference of 9.94 K. Radio sources of known flux density and brightness temperature were compared with the 9.94 K calibration, resulting in a 1.5 per cent uncertainty in the aperture efficiency. The sources of error are tabulated, and compared with those obtained by replacing the feed horn by waveguide loads.
Theory of radio frequency spectroscopy experiments in ultracold Fermi gases and their relation to photoemission in the cuprates

In this paper we present an overview of radio frequency (RF) spectroscopy in the atomic Fermi superfluids with the ultimate goal of suggesting new directions in the cold gas research agenda from the condensed matter perspective. We review the experimental and theoretical literature on cold gases and the photoemission spectroscopy of the cuprates particularly as it pertains to areas of overlap. In addition to a comparison with the cuprates, this paper contains a systematic overview of the theory of RF spectroscopy, both momentum integrated and momentum resolved. It should be noted that the integrated and momentum resolved forms of photoemission are equally important in the high Tc cuprate literature. For the cold gases we introduce the reader to such topical issues as the effects of traps, population imbalance, final state interactions and, over the entire range of temperatures, we compare theory and experiment. We show that this broad range of phenomena can be accommodated within the BCS-Leggett description of BCS–BEC crossover. Importantly, this scheme captures some of the central observations in photoemission experiments in the cuprates.
A potential role for bone morphogenetic protein signalling in glial cell fate determination following adult central nervous system injury in vivo

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors, including noggin, chordin and follistatin, have roles in pattern formation and fate specification of neuronal and glial cells during nervous system development. We have examined their influence on glial reactions in the injured central nervous system (CNS). We show that penetrating injuries to the brain and spinal cord resulted in the upregulation of BMP‐2/4, BMP‐7, and noggin, with the latter being expressed almost exclusively by reactive astrocytes at the injury site, and we show that astrocytes in vitro produce noggin. As BMPs have been shown to drive cultured NG2‐positive oligodendrocyte precursors (OPCs) towards a multipotential phenotype (type II astrocytes), we investigated the effects of inhibiting noggin with a function‐blocking antibody (noggin‐FbAb). In vitro, BMP‐driven conversion of OPCs to type 2 astrocytes was inhibited by noggin, an effect that was reversed by noggin‐FbAb. Noggin‐FbAb also increased the number of type 2 astrocytes generated from cultured OPCs exposed to an astrocyte feeder layer, consistent with astrocytes producing both BMPs and noggin. In knife cut injuries in vivo, noggin‐FbAb treatment resulted in an increase in the number of NG2‐positive cells and small GFAP‐positive cells in the injury site, and the appearance of glial cells with the morphological and antigenic characteristics of type 2 astrocytes (as generated in vitro), with coexpression of both GFAP and NG2. This potential conversion of inhibitory OPCs to type 2 astrocyte‐like cells in vivo suggests that endogenous BMPs, unmasked by noggin antagonism, might be exploited to manipulate cell fate following CNS trauma.
Impact perforation image processing using a self-organizing map

A characteristic evaluation method from an image of impact perforation process by a high speed photograph system has been studied in the material engineering field. In this method, a steel ball is shot into a material specimen to evaluate characteristics by observing the ball and fragments of the specimen. However, it is often difficult to find a steel ball because of the dispersion of fragments. In this study, we propose to use the self-organizing map to distinguish a steel ball, background and fragments.
Monoclonal antibodies: a powerful new tool in biology and medicine.

Perspectives and Summary 657 Monoclonal Immunoglobulins from Myeloma Tumors 658 Other Attempts to Obtain Homogeneous Antibodies 659 The Use of Cell Fusion to Produce Monoclonal Antibodies 660 Using Monoclonal Antibodies as Reagents 664 Applications of Monoclonal Antibodies 666 Monoclonal antibodies to viruses and other infectiOUS agents 666 Transplantation antigens . 669 Tumor and diff erentiation antigens 671 Immunoglobulin structure and function 674 Functional cell lines 675 Human hybridomas and clinical applications . 676 Con clusion 677
Treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis: a systematic review.

CONTEXT Immunosuppressive therapies for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis have greatly advanced patient survival but have turned ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) into chronic, relapsing disorders. Long-term treatment and disease-related morbidity are major threats. The last decade has seen a collaborative international effort to determine effective treatment. OBJECTIVE To analyze the reported evidence on AAV therapy in order to provide physicians with a rational approach for dealing with various clinical scenarios. DATA SOURCES We searched English-language articles on the medical treatment of AAV published between 1966 and March 2007 using MEDLINE. Articles from the reference lists of the most relevant articles retrieved were also analyzed. STUDY SELECTION Studies of current available drug treatments or medical interventions for patients with AAV were included. Duplicate publications, case reports, and uncontrolled trials and series including fewer than 10 patients were excluded. DATA SYNTHESIS We included 2 meta-analyses, 20 randomized controlled prospective trials, and 62 uncontrolled trials with more than 10 patients or observational studies. Outcome measures and treatment protocols were heterogeneous across trials. Cotrimoxazole can be used alone or in combination with corticosteroids to induce and maintain remission in cases of isolated upper respiratory tract involvement. To induce remission, methotrexate plus corticosteroids can be used instead of cyclophosphamide for patients with generalized, non-organ-threatening disease. When methotrexate is used as maintenance therapy, the likelihood of relapse is high and rigorous monitoring is mandatory. Pulse cyclophosphamide with corticosteroids can be used to induce remission in patients with generalized organ-threatening disease. The combination of azathioprine and daily prednisone is effective in maintaining remission. Plasma exchange is at present the best complement to immunosuppressants in advanced renal disease. In Churg-Strauss syndrome, treatment can be started with high doses of corticosteroids, tapering them when the clinical situation improves. In patients with a high risk of death, cyclophosphamide should be introduced. CONCLUSIONS Although AAV therapies should be tailored to the patient's specific clinical situation, evidence for treatment of several disease states is lacking. There is a need for safer and more effective drugs.
The initiation and development of cellular damage by ionizing radiations; the thirty-second Silvanus Thompson Memorial Lecture.

As members of the B.I. R. , we have particular reason to be grateful that at the birth of our parent Society—The Rontgen Society—there was at hand a man of the stature of Silvanus Thompson to serve as the first President. Scientist, teacher, artist, man of letters, and translator of Gilbert's great work De Magnete, he was ideally fitted to impress on the small group who had been brought together out of the common interest in rontgen rays the true character of a learned society. On this occasion we meet to pay our respects to his memory. Thompson was an exceptionally versatile man. There was in his nature almost as strong a sense of the artistic as there was of scientific curiosity—a rare combination which made for lively lecturing and delightful reading. This combination of gifts is above all essential in a biographer, and lacking them I shall not attempt to add to what others have told us so well of Thompson's life and work (Russ, 1944). My subject tonight is “The initiation and development of cellular dam.