Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Music Data Mining

The research area of music information retrieval has gradually evolved to address the challenges of effectively accessing and interacting large collections of music and associated data, such as styles, artists, lyrics, and reviews. Bringing together an interdisciplinary array of top researchers, Music Data Mining presents a variety of approaches to successfully employ data mining techniques for the purpose of music processing. The book first covers music data mining tasks and algorithms and audio feature extraction, providing a framework for subsequent chapters. With a focus on data classification, it then describes a computational approach inspired by human auditory perception and examines instrument recognition, the effects of music on moods and emotions, and the connections between power laws and music aesthetics. Given the importance of social aspects in understanding music, the text addresses the use of the Web and peer-to-peer networks for both music data mining and evaluating music mining tasks and algorithms. It also discusses indexing with tags and explains how data can be collected using online human computation games. The final chapters offer a balanced exploration of hit song science as well as a look at symbolic musicology and data mining. The multifaceted nature of music information often requires algorithms and systems using sophisticated signal processing and machine learning techniques to better extract useful information. An excellent introduction to the field, this volume presents state-of-the-art techniques in music data mining and information retrieval to create novel ways of interacting with large music collections.
Comparing Hash Function Algorithms for the IPv6 Flow Label

We compare several stateless hash algorithms for generating IPv6 flow labels, by testing them against trace files of IPv6 traffic measured at four different sites. The criteria for comparison were uniformity of the resulting distribution of hash values and computing time. Of the algorithms tested, we recommend FNV1a-32. We also note how the hash values may be made hard for a third party to predict.
Towards a Better Understanding of the Energy Consumption of Software Systems

With the rise of the usage of computers and mobile devices, and the higher price of electricity, energy management of software has become a necessity for sustainable software, devices and IT services. Energy consumption in IT is rising through the rise of web and distributed services, cloud computing, or mobile devices. Therefore, energy management approaches have been developed, ranging from optimizing software code, to adaptation strategies based on hardware resources utilization. However, these approaches do not use proper energy information for their adaptations rendering themselves limited and not energy-aware. They do not provide an energy feedback of software, and limited information is available on how and where energy is spend in software code. To address these shortcomings, we present, in this thesis, energy models, approaches and tools in order to accurately estimate the energy consumption of software at the application level, at the code level, and for inferring energy evolution models based on the method's own input parameters. We also propose Jalen and Jalen Unit, energy frameworks for estimating how much energy each portion of code consumes, and for inferring energy evolution models based on empirical benchmarking of software methods. By using software estimations and energy models, we are able to provide accurate energy information without the need of power meters or hardware energy investment. The energy information we provide also gives energy management approaches direct and accurate energy measurements for their adaptations and optimizations. Provided energy information also draws a model of energy consumption evolution of software based on the values of their input parameters. This gives developers knowledge on energy efficiency in software leading to choose some code over others based on their energy performance. The experimentations using the implementations of our energy models offer important information on how and where energy is spend in software. In particular, we provide empirical comparison of programming languages (PL), algorithms implementations, the cost of using a virtual machine in PL, compilers' options, and I/O primitives. They also allow the detection of energy hotspots in software, therefore focusing on the main spots where further lookups are needed for energy optimizations. Finally, we demonstrate how our benchmarking framework can detect energy evolution patterns based on input parameters strategies. With our contributions, we aim to advance knowledge in energy consumption in software by proposing models, approaches and tools to accurately measure energy at finer grains. In a nutshell, we build a software-centric energy microscope and conduct experiments aimed to understand how energy is being consumed in software, and directions to be taken for energy optimized software.
Generation and properties of random graphs and analysis of randomized algorithms

We study a new method of generating random d-regular graphs by repeatedly applying an operation called pegging. The pegging algorithm, which applies the pegging operation in each step, is a method of generating large random regular graphs beginning with small ones. We prove that the limiting joint distribution of the numbers of short cycles in the resulting graph is independent Poisson. We use the coupling method to bound the total variation distance between the joint distribution of short cycle counts and its limit and thereby show that O(2−1) is an upper bound of the 2-mixing time. The coupling involves two different, though quite similar, Markov chains that are not time-homogeneous. We also show that the 2-mixing time is not o(2−1). This demonstrates that the upper bound is essentially tight. We study also the connectivity of random d-regular graphs generated by the pegging algorithm. We show that these graphs are asymptotically almost surely d-connected for any even constant d ≥ 4. The problem of orientation of random hypergraphs is motivated by the classical load balancing problem. Let h > w > 0 be two fixed integers. Let H be a hypergraph whose hyperedges are uniformly of size h. To w-orient a hyperedge, we assign exactly w of its vertices positive signs with respect to this hyperedge, and the rest negative. A (w, k)orientation of H consists of a w-orientation of all hyperedges of H, such that each vertex receives at most k positive signs from its incident hyperedges. When k is large enough, we determine the threshold of the existence of a (w, k)-orientation of a random hypergraph. The (w, k)-orientation of hypergraphs is strongly related to a general version of the off-line load balancing problem. The other topic we discuss is computing the probability of induced subgraphs in a random regular graph. Let 0 < s < n and H be a graph on s vertices. For any S ⊂ [n] with |S| = s, we compute the probability that the subgraph of Gn,d induced by S is H. The result holds for any d = o(n) and is further extended to Gn,d, the probability space of random graphs with given degree sequence d. This result provides a basic tool for studying properties, for instance the existence or the counts, of certain types of induced subgraphs.
Teaching language for intercultural communicaton: acquisition of socio-culturally appropriate greeting formulae by students of Japanese

Adoption of the “communicative competence” approach to foreign language teaching has shifted the focus from purely linguistic skills to the much broader field of teaching language within its socio-cultural dimensions. The latest theories advocate introduction of the full range of language registers virtually from day one of foreign language instruction. The problem is, however, that the greater the distance between the languages, the more difficult does the task become. In regard to Japanese, this would mean introduction of at least three speech levels, marked with different verbal inflections, honorific prefixation of nouns and a variety of other, complex linguistic forms. Furthermore, since by definition, foreign language teaching takes place outside the target-language speech community, instruction confined to the classroom environment presents limited opportunities for “real life” practice of the different linguistic registers. One of the few classroom based situations, however, which can effectively test students’ acquisition of native norms of interaction is the oral test interview, that is a communicative situation with clearly defined configurations in terms of speech event, participants, purpose of communication, setting, topic, message form and channel. The investigation reported in this paper, excerpted from a larger body of research on teacher-student interaction, focuses specifically on acquisition of situationally appropriate opening and closing formulae by intermediate level students of Japanese.
Factors Associated with Successful High School Distance Education Programs.

The purposes of this research project were to identify the extent to which online courses are available to high school students in Tennessee, to describe the characteristics of current online programs, to identify barriers to the implementation of online courses in school systems that are not currently offering such programs, and to offer recommendations that could facilitate implementation of these programs. The research went in two directions. A study of past and current online educational programs was completed in order to learn the nature of successful programs across the country. Then, a survey was constructed and sent to appropriate technology personnel in Tennessee schools to evaluate both their current online programs and to determine those needed in the state. There are only two school systems in Tennessee that allow students to earn online credits to be used towards high school graduation. One is a larger school system and the other is a medium sized school system; both are in the eastern region of the state. One survey respondent summed it up by saying: I really think the State Department of Education should step up and provide some direction. Florida has a vanguard program; I’d like to see the same type of program implemented in Tennessee. If individual school districts are left to design their own programs, then there is going to be a lot of duplicated effort, a wide range of implementation strategies, and varying degrees of quality. That’s likely to breed confusion and disillusionment.
Adding Static Single Assignment Form and a Graph Coloring Register Allocator to the Java Hotspot™ Client Compiler

Abstract This report describes the work that I performed during my sabbatical in the Java Hotspot™ group atSun Microsystems in Cupertino between June and August 2000. The goal was to find out how mucheffort it was to augment the Java Hotspot™ Client Compiler with Static Single Assignment (SSA)Form and with a Graph Coloring Register Allocator. SSA form not only simplifies register allocationbut also helps performing optimizations such as common subexpression elimination, loop-invariantcode motion or instruction scheduling.I implemented a prototype compiler that creates a control flow graph (CFG), transforms theintermediate representation (IR) of the program into SSA form and does register allocation with graphcoloring. The code generator is still missing. On the basis of this work, the Hotspot team should be ableto decide whether or not it is worth adding SSA form and register allocation to the client compiler.Throughout this report the term current compiler refers to the Hotspot™ Client Compiler[GrMi00] at the time when my work began. The term new compiler refers to our prototype compiler.
Creating Internet Intelligence: Wild Computing, Distributed Digital Consciousness, and the Emerging Global Brain

Preface. 1. The Coming Evolution. Part 1: Mind as Network. 2. A Practical Definition of Intelligence. 3. Elements of a Philosophy of Mind. 4. Complexity and Emergence. 5. The Psynet Model of Mind. Part 2: Reconceptualizing the Internet. 6. Net Network is the Computer is the Mind (is the World). 7. A Fourfold Model of Internet Information Space. 8. The Internet Economy as a Complex System. 9. The Emerging Global Brain. Part 3: Building Internet Minds and Worlds. 10. Systematizing Internet Agent Interactions. 11. Webworld. 12. Webmind. 13. Webmind on the Commercial Net. 14. Toward Superhuman Intelligence. 15. An Initial Architecture for Internet Intelligence. References. Appendices. Index.
Visual population codes : toward a common multivariate framework for cell recording and functional imaging

Vision is a massively parallel computational process, in which the retinal image is transformed over a sequence of stages so as to emphasize behaviorally relevant information (such as object category and identity) and deemphasize other information (such as viewpoint and lighting). The processes behind vision operate by concurrent computation and message passing among neurons within a visual area and between different areas. The theoretical concept of "population code" encapsulates the idea that visual content is represented at each stage by the pattern of activity across the local population of neurons. Understanding visual population codes ultimately requires multichannel measurement and multivariate analysis of activity patterns. Over the past decade, the multivariate approach has gained significant momentum in vision research. Functional imaging and cell recording measure brain activity in fundamentally different ways, but they now use similar theoretical concepts and mathematical tools in their modeling and analyses. With a focus on the ventral processing stream thought to underlie object recognition, this book presents recent advances in our understanding of visual population codes, novel multivariate pattern-information analysis techniques, and the beginnings of a unified perspective for cell recording and functional imaging. It serves as an introduction, overview, and reference for scientists and students across disciplines who are interested in human and primate vision and, more generally, in understanding how the brain represents and processes information.
Data Mining, Validation, and Collaborative Knowledge Capture

For large-scale data mining, utilizing data from ubiquitous and mixed-structured data sources, the extraction and integration into a comprehensive data-warehouse is usually of prime importance. Then, appropriate methods for validation and potential refinement are essential. This chapter describes an approach for integrating data mining, information extraction, and validation with collaborative knowledge management and capture in order to improve the data acquisition processes. For collaboration, a semantic wiki-enabled system for knowledge and experience management is presented. The proposed approach applies information extraction techniques together with pattern mining methods for initial data validation and is applicable for heterogeneous sources, i.e., capable of integrating structured and unstructured data. The methods are integrated into an incremental process providing for continuous validation options. The approach has been developed in a health informatics context: The results of a medical application demonstrate that pattern mining and the applied rule-based information extraction methods are well suited for discovering, extracting and validating clinically relevant knowledge, as well as the applicability of the knowledge capture approach. The chapter presents experiences using a case-study in the medical domain of sonography.
Real time face matching with multiple cameras using principal component analysis

Face recognition is a rapidly advancing research topic due to the large number of applications that can benefit from it. Face recognition consists of determining whether a known face is present in an image and is typically composed of four distinct steps. These steps are face detection, face alignment, feature extraction, and face classification [1]. The leading application for face recognition is video surveillance. The majority of current research in face recognition has focused on determining if a face is present in an image, and if so, which subject in a known database is the closest match. This Thesis deals with face matching, which is a subset of face recognition, focusing on face identification, yet it is an area where little research has been done. The objective of face matching is to determine, in real-time, the degree of confidence to which a live subject matches a facial image. Applications for face matching include video surveillance, determination of identification credentials, computer-human interfaces, and communications security. The method proposed here employs principal component analysis [16] to create a method of face matching which is both computationally efficient and accurate. This method is integrated into a real time system that is based upon a two camera setup. It is able to scan the room, detect faces, and zoom in for a high quality capture of the facial features. The image capture is used in a face matching process to determine if the person found is the desired target. The performance of the system is analyzed based upon the matching accuracy for 10 unique subjects.
Introducing Statistics for Social Research: Step-by-step calculations and computer techniques using SPSS

1. Role of statistics in social research 2. Measurement and univariate analysis 3. Introducing SPSS 4. Statistical significance and choice of test 5. Tests of difference for categorical data 6. Tests of difference for ordinal data 7. Tests of difference for interval/ratio data in unrelated samples 8. Tests of difference for interval/ratio data in related samples 9. Tests of association for categorical and ordinal data 10. Tests of association for interval/ratio data 11. Bivariate and multivariate regression 12. Measurement reliability and agreement.
Handbook of research on reading comprehension

Part 1. Historical Perspectives on Reading Comprehension. P.D. Pearson, How We Got to Where We Are: A Historical Perspective on Reading Comprehension Research. S.G. Paris, E.E. Hamilton, The Development of Children's Reading Comprehension. J. Hoffman, In Search of a "Simple View" of Reading Comprehension. Part 2. Theoretical Perspectives. P. Afflerbach, B.Y. Cho, Identifying and Describing Constructively Responsive Comprehension Strategies in New and Traditional Forms of Reading. K.S. Goodman, Y.M. Goodman, Helping Readers Make Sense of Print - A Whole Language Pedagogy. K.B. Cartwright, The Role of Cognitive Flexibility in Reading Comprehension: Past, Present and Future. J. Gavelek, P. Bresnahan, Ways of Meaning Making: Sociocultural Perspectives on Reading Comprehension. J. Damico, G. Campano, J. Harste, Transactional Theory and Reading Comprehension. G. Hruby, Grounding for Reading Comprehension Theory From Neuroscience Literatures. Part 3. Changing Views of Text. E. Fox, P.A. Alexander, Text Comprehension: A Retrospective, Perspective, and Prospective. C. Shanahan, Disciplinary Comprehension. R. Tierney, The Agency and Artistry of Meaning Making Within and Across Digital Spaces. M.L. Kamil, H.K. Chou, Comprehension and Technology. Part 4. Elements of Reading Comprehension. S. Miller, B. Faircloth, Motivation and Reading Comprehension. J.F. Baumann, Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension. J.A. Dole, J. Nokes, D. Drits, Cognitive Strategy Instruction: Past and Future. L. Baker, L.C. Beall, Metacognitive Processes and Reading Comprehension. D.D. Massey, Self-regulated Comprehension Assessment. Part 5. Assessing and Teaching Reading Comprehension. L. Leslie, J. Caldwell, Formal and Informal Measures of Reading Comprehension. K.A. Dougherty Stahl, Assessing Comprehension of Young Children. T.E. Raphael, C.M. Weber, M. George, A.R. Nies, Approaches to Teaching Reading Comprehension. J.F. Almasi, K. Garas-York, Comprehension and Discussion of Text. C. Collins Block, J. Lacina, Comprehension Instruction in K-3. Developing Higher Order Comprehension in the Middle Grades. M.W. Conley, Improving Adolescent Comprehension: Developing Learning Strategies in Content Areas. R.L. Allington, A. McGill-Franzen, Comprehension Difficulties Among Struggling Readers. Part 6. Cultural Impact of Reading Comprehension. C. Fairbanks, J. Cooper, L. Masteson, S. Webb, Culturally Responsive Instruction and the Impact on Reading, Comprehension. K. Prater, English Language Learners and Reading Comprehension. P.A. Edwards, J.D. Turner, Family Literacy and Reading Comprehension. K. Au, J. Kaomea, Reading Comprehension and Diversity in Historical Perspective: Literacy Power, and Native Hawaiians. Part 7.Where to Live from Here? M. Sailors, Teacher Education and Reading Comprehension. C. Roller, Public Policy and the Future of Reading Comprehension Research. G.G. Duffy, S.E. Israe, What Does It All Mean?
Modelica Driven Power System Modeling, Simulation and Validation

Power system simulation is an important tool for the planning and operation of electricpower systems. With the growth of large-scale power systems and penetration of newtechnologies, the complexity of power system simulation has increased. In this back-ground, achievement of valuable simulation results in the simulation has become one ofthe important research questions in electrical power engineering eld.The most eective solution of this question is to develop accurate models for the powersystem. However, the complexity and diversity of power system components make theaccurate modelling dicult while the simulation is time consuming. To cope with theproblem, powerful modelling language which can realize not only accurate model repre-sentation, but increase computational eciency of model simulation is required.In this thesis, power system modelling and simulation is achieved using an object-oriented,equation-based modelling language, Modelica. Firstly, some essential component mod-els in power systems are developed in Modelica. The software-to-software validationof the models are performed. To serve this purpose, dierent software environmentsare exploited depending on software used for the model development. Moreover, fourdierent-scale test systems are implemented, simulated and validated with the developedmodels. Through the investigation of the simulation results, the performances of Modelicain undertaking power system simulations are evaluated.In addition, since imprecise parameter values in the models are also problematic for accu-rate model representation, system identication is performed to obtain accurate parame-ter values for the models. The parameters of a model are identied based on measurementdata. This thesis also illustrates the application of Modelica on model exchange, and thecombination of Modelica and FMI technology on system identication.Finally, examples of application of the RaPId Toolbox on measurement-based powersystem identication are provided.