Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regional downscaled future change of clear‐air turbulence over East Asia under RCP8.5 scenario within the CORDEX‐EA‐II project

Driven by four global coupled atmosphere–ocean models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) ensemble (CNRM‐CM5, GFDL‐ESM2M, EC‐EARTH, and MPI‐ESM‐LR), future changes (2040–2059) of clear‐air turbulence (CAT) in winter over East Asia under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario are projected with the regional climate model (RCM) RegCM4 and 18 CAT diagnostics based on the second phase of Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment East Asia (CORDEX‐EA‐II) framework. Evaluation of RegCM4 with ERA‐Interim shows that RegCM4 and diagnostics can well reproduce the spatial distribution of CAT potential. The probability of CAT potential is expected to increase over most East Asia between 35°N and 50°N, Southeast China, western Pacific, and North India in the future. The CAT potential that significantly affects aviation safety shows a remarkable increase over North and Northeast China, part of East China, and Tibet‐Plateau. In the whole domain of East Asia, the multi‐diagnostics ensemble‐average frequency increase is 6.9% for light CAT (with an intra‐ensemble range of 4.1–18%), 9.1% (5.0–24%) for light‐to‐moderate CAT, 12% (5.9–26%) for moderate CAT, 13% (7.2–29%) for moderate‐to‐severe CAT, and 15% (8.5–33%) for severe CAT. Stronger CAT is more likely to happen, which would be a constant threat, although greater scatter exists among these diagnostics, which implies the uncertainties are also significant in the projection.
Agent-based models of administrative corruption: an overview

ABSTRACT Administrative corruption is a pervasive phenomenon that persists around the world regardless of the level of the country’s development. It has been approached by various modeling techniques evolving out of different backgrounds. The most recent technique used is agent-based modeling which possesses analytical tools that reflect the heterogeneity and complexity of societies. This facilitates understanding corruption as an emergent property of the society’s complex adaptive system. It provides more realistic and representative models that could be used by policy makers to build sound anti-corruption strategies. Hence, an overview of agent-based models that tackle administrative corruption has been presented in this article. The review revealed that this type of modeling is still evolving and provides a fertile field for further research, especially in regard to discovering the interdisciplinary mechanisms for corruption evolution. The article also suggests investigating some corruption-related topics using agent-based models such as: the complexity of the individual’s decision-making process about corruption based on socio-psychological behavioral factors, the role of social ties and norms in the corruption process, the effect of the introduction of whistleblowers to the administrative system and the effect of automating the administrative governmental procedures on corruption emergence and evolution.
Characteristics of the roles of mothers of children with intellectual disabilities as a basis for their individual therapy

Background: ‪Women enjoy a variety of social roles during their lives. Among the commonly known ones, which include e.g. the roles of wives and mothers, there are also those that radically change the scenario of one’s past life. These include the role of mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. After all, the hardships associated with caring for them and with their upbringing, influence their mothers' perception of the world, change the existing family and professional social relations, determine the choice of values, and limit or block the goals set to date. It seemed interesting to the author of the study to recognise the roles of mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. Material and methods: ‪Their categorisation revealing the nature of a given role was possible owing to the conducted research. It was attended by 104 mothers of children with intellectual disabilities who answered a series of questions included in the interview questionnaires. A hermeneutical analysis of their answers made it possible to describe a given role in detail. Among these four can be distinguished which are conventionally defined as: «REBEL», «RATIONALIST», «SHAM» and «RESOURCEFUL». Results: ‪These roles are fundamentally different from each other, indicating the traits that characterise mothers bringing up children with intellectual disabilities. Identifying oneself with one of them may show both the desired features of the role played and indicate the destructive elements which negatively determine the course of their previous lives. Conclusions: ‪This is the basis for personalised therapy dedicated to mothers of children with intellectual disabilities.
Next‐Generation Activated Carbon Supercapacitors: A Simple Step in Electrode Processing Leads to Remarkable Gains in Energy Density

The global supercapacitor market has been growing rapidly during the past decade. Today, virtually all commercial devices use activated carbon. In this work, it is shown that laser treatment of activated carbon electrodes results in the formation of microchannels that can connect the internal pores of activated carbon with the surrounding electrolyte. These microchannels serve as electrolyte reservoirs that in turn shorten the ion diffusion distance and enable better interaction between the electrode surfaces and electrolyte ions. The capacitance can be further increased through fast and reversible redox reactions on the electrode surface using a redox‐active electrolyte, enabling the operation of a symmetric device at 2.0 V, much higher than the thermodynamic decompostion voltage of water. This simple approach can alleviate the low energy density of supercapacitors which has limited the widespread use of this technology. This work represents a clear advancement in the processing of activated carbon electrodes toward the next‐generation of low‐cost supercapacitors.
The Potential of Sustainable Biomass Producer Gas as a Waste-to-Energy Alternative in Malaysia

It has been widely accepted worldwide, that the greenhouse effect is by far the most challenging threat in the new century. Renewable energy has been adopted to prevent excessive greenhouse effects, and to enhance sustainable development. Malaysia has a large amount of biomass residue, which provides the country with the much needed support the foreseeable future. This investigation aims to analyze potentials biomass gases from major biomass residues in Malaysia. The potential biomass gasses can be obtained using biomass conversion technologies, including biological and thermo-chemical technologies. The thermo-chemical conversion technology includes four major biomass conversion technologies such as gasification, combustion, pyrolysis, and liquefaction. Biomass wastes can be attained through solid biomass technologies to obtain syngas which includes carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. The formation of tar occurs during the main of biomass conversion reaction such as gasification and pyrolysis. The formation of tar hinders equipment or infrastructure from catalytic aspects, which will be applied to prevent the formation of tar. The emission, combustion, and produced gas reactions were investigated. It will help to contribute the potential challenges and strategies, due to sustainable biomass, to harness resources management systems in Malaysia to reduce the problem of biomass residues and waste.
Different impacts of an electron shuttle on nitrate- and nitrite-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane in paddy soil

Quinones, redox-active functional groups in soil organic matter, can act as electron shuttles for microbial anaerobic transformation. Here, we used CH4 to trace 13C conversion (C-CO2 + 13C-SOC) to investigate the influence of an artificial electron shuttle (anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate, AQDS) on denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO) in paddy soil. The results showed that AQDS could act as the terminal electron acceptor for the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in the paddy field. Moreover, AQDS significantly enhanced nitrate-dependent AOM rates and the amount of C-CH4 assimilation to soil organic carbon (SOC), whereas it was remarkably reduced nitrite-dependent AOM rates and 13C assimilation. Ultimately, AQDS notably increased the total DAMO rates and 13C assimilation to SOC. However, the electron shuttle did not change the percentage of 13C-SOC in total C-CH4 conversion. These results suggest that electron shuttles in the natural organic matter might be able to offset methane emission by facilitating AOM coupled with the denitrification process.
How do education resources respond to the quality of local governance in Africa?

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2021 The Author. Review of Development Economics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 1Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA 2UNUMERIT, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
CEOs’ educational background and investments in software

ABSTRACT In the latter half of Japan’s Two Lost Decades (1990–2010), Japanese firms failed to undergo a thorough information and communications technology (ICT) revolution. In this study, we investigate the most likely cause for this situation and find that chief executive officers (CEOs) in Japanese companies simply did not know how to utilize the new equipment including ICT capitals. We estimate the impact of CEOs’ educational backgrounds(assessed based on their alma mater’s fame) on investments in software by using a compiled dataset that included Japanese listed firms with panel fixed effects models and a generalized method of moments. We find significant evidence that an increase in CEOs’ educational background raises their investment in software. We also revealed that a lack in CEOs’ knowledge of new equipment could be an obstacle for introducing new equipment and, consequently, could lead to loss of competitiveness.
An Inextricable Link of Nature, Culture, and Education: An Overview in Nepal

Nature, culture, and education are interrelated to each other to maintain the beauty, peace, and habitability of the earth planet for all living creatures. But it’s being a hidden subject in concerned authorities. Nepal is rich in natural biodiversity as well as cultural diversity. Education is the main medium to handover the (cultural) knowledge of nature conservation to their generation. Hence this study aims to explore the deep relationship between nature (environment), culture, and education. As per the nature of research objectives, qualitative research methodology has been adopted. The reviewed literature is related to the world's perspectives and practices to maintain interrelation among nature, culture, and education. Hence, this study can contribute to making people aware of environmental conservation by exploring the relationship of our nature, human culture, and education. From the study, all the concerned environmental justice communities, agencies, and institutions would endeavour to link their particular significant roles for nature conservation.
Synergy effects of entertainment and information programs about organ donation on issue involvement and altruistic responses

This study examines synergy effects of entertainment and information programs on the example of a television theme night about organ donation. Participants watched either a feature film about organ donation or an unrelated entertainment program. Subsequently, all participants watched an information program about organ donation. Those who had first seen the feature film reported higher levels of issue involvement (topic interest, subjective knowledge, and information seeking), and altruistic responses (positive attitudes and behavioral intentions concerning organ donation and willingness to get a donor card). Structural equation modeling revealed that the positive effects of the feature film on issue involvement and altruistic responses varied by the extent to which participants felt moved by the feature film and by their level of cognitive elaboration about the feature film and the documentary on organ donation.
Kink and anti-kink wave solutions for the generalized KdV equation with Fisher-type nonlinearity

Article history: Received: 20 April 2020 Accepted: 10 November 2020 Available Online: 2 April 2021 This paper proposes a new dispersion-convection-reaction model, which is called the gKdV-Fisher equation, to obtain the travelling wave solutions by using the Riccati equation method. The proposed equation is a third-order dispersive partial differential equation combining the purely nonlinear convective term with the purely nonlinear reactive term. The obtained global and blow-up solutions, which might be used in the further numerical and analytical analyses of such models, are illustrated with suitable parameters.
Efficient Intravenous Tumor Targeting Using the αVβ6 Integrin Selective Precision Virotherapy Ad5NULL-A20

Background: We previously developed a refined, tumor selective adenovirus, Ad5NULL-A20, harboring tropism ablating mutations in each major capsid protein, to ablate all native means of infection. We incorporated a 20mer peptide (A20) in the fiber knob for selective infection via αvβ6 integrin, a marker of aggressive epithelial cancers. Methods: To ascertain the selectivity of Ad5NULL-A20 for αvβ6 positive tumor cell lines of pancreatic and breast cancer origin, we performed reporter gene and cell viability assays. Biodistribution of viral vectors in mice harboring xenografts with low, medium, and high αvβ6 levels was quantified by qPCR for viral genomes 48 hours post intravenous administration. Results: Ad5NULL-A20 vector transduced cells in an αvβ6 selective manner, whilst cell killing mediated by oncolytic Ad5NULL-A20 was αvβ6 selective. Biodistribution analysis following intravenous administration into mice bearing breast cancer xenografts demonstrated that Ad5NULL-A20 resulted in significantly reduced liver accumulation coupled with increased tumor accumulation compared to Ad5 in all three models, with tumor: liver ratios improved as a function of αvβ6 expression. Conclusions: Ad5NULL-A20 based virotherapies efficiently target αvβ6 integrin positive tumors following intravenous administration, validating the potential of Ad5NULL-A20 for systemic applications, enabling tumor selective overexpression of virally encoded therapeutic transgenes.
Dealing with tuberculosis: factors of the tuberculosis medication adherence among marginalized communities: a scoping literature review

Marginalized communities have a prolonged experience of Tuberculosis (TB) with high prevalence. The rationalization behind the high rate is often indicted due to low medication adherence and its cultural and economic aspects. This scoping literature review assessed the influencing factors of patient TB medicine adherence, examined the conceptualization of factors, and determined the gaps related to TB medicine adherence presented in the empirical studies. Three electronic databases had been searched for selecting relevant studies published from 2000 to 2020 March. Studies associated with original research, review, classical and comparative articles on infectious TB in marginalized communities were considered under selection criteria. Finally, thirty articles met the inclusion criteria throughout the Prisma flow diagram; charting table and study characteristics have formed; results were discussed based on the study findings. Indigenous people, ethnic minorities, migrant communities, homeless, prisoners, alcohol and drug users, foreign-born, the working class, sex workers, and immune-compromised individuals suffer more from TB than the mainstream population. The concept of TB medication adherence has been illustrated as a socio-cultural and economic problem, personal beliefs, and the TB recipient's practices regarding illness and health-seeking behaviors. Most of the studies focused on the subjectified experiences of people because the 'recipient's/ patient's perspectives' on medicine adherence were being viewed by outsider’s approach. Few studies recommend prospective learning from the recipient's point of view; examine and conceptualize the political-economic factors for intensifying medication adherence. These records may use further to perform and estimate programs for better health consequences.
Numerical and experimental investigation of a thermosiphon solar water heater system thermal performance used in domestic applications

The thermosiphon is a passive heat exchange method, which circulates a fluid within a system without the need for any electrical or mechanical pumps. The thermosiphon is based on natural convection where the thermal expansion occurs when the temperature difference has a corresponding difference in density across the loop. Thermosiphons are used in different applications such as solar energy collection, automotive systems, and electronics. The current study aims to investigate thermosiphon thermal performance used in domestic applications. The thermal performance of a thermosiphon has been studied by many researchers; however, according to the knowledge of the authors, the influence of the amount of the working fluid on the thermal output has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the influence of the amount of working fluid within the riser pipe has been investigated on the thermal performance of the thermosiphon. In the current study, a computational fluid dynamics model is involved. This model has been validated by comparison with experimental findings. The maximum variation between numerical and experimental results is 14.2% and 11.2% for the working fluid at the inlet and outlet of the absorber pipe, respectively. Furthermore, the results show that the amount of working fluid inside the closed thermosiphon has a great influence on the thermal performance of the system. Additionally, it is found that Case‐B, when the amount of working fluid is less than by 10% compared to the traditional model, is the best case among all cases under study. Furthermore, a correlation equation to predict water temperature at the exit of the absorber pipe has been established with an accuracy of 95.05%.
Combined adaptive robust Kalman filter algorithm

The precise positioning of dynamic and static objects such as vehicles and pedestrians is a key technology. A global navigation satellite system signal is the primary signal source required to achieve precise positioning, and the optimal estimation method used in precise positioning is Kalman filtering (KF). Standard KF can only achieve optimal estimation results under the conditions that the mathematical model has been determined and the noise characteristics are known. However, when there are measurement outliers and prior noise information deviations, the accuracy of KF cannot be guaranteed. To effectively solve the above problems, a combined adaptive robust Kalman filter (CARKF) algorithm is proposed. First, the influence of measurement outliers on KF accuracy is resisted using the robust Kalman filter method. Then, the influence of an anomalous innovation on its autocorrelation sequence and cross-correlation sequence is resisted by the robust estimator for correlated observations based on the IGGIII method, to ensure the correct estimation of the correlation function sequence of the filtered innovation statistics. Finally, the autocovariance least-squares method is used to eliminate the coupling effect between noise covariances and accurately estimate the unknown noise covariance information. Moreover, an iterative strategy is adopted to eliminate the effect of errors caused by prior noise covariance deviations. The results of the three experiments show that the CARKF method can not only effectively resist the influence of measurement outliers on filtering accuracy and noise covariance valuation but also overcome the influence of errors caused by prior noise deviations and accurately simultaneously estimate two kinds of unknown noise covariance information.
A Systematic Review of Factors Influencing Farmers’ Adoption of Organic Farming

Understanding the evidence-based factors that influence the adoption of organic farming yields benefits in terms of managing said adoption effectively. We searched relevant articles published in databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Google. The inclusion criteria were as follows: original article; published in journals, proceedings, or dissertations; full article publication; published between 1999 and 2021; focusing on assessing the adoption of organic farming or conversion to organic farming; published in English; included data analyzed via correlation coefficient analysis, regression analysis, or discriminant analysis. Out of the 50 articles identified, 33 studies described findings associated with farmer and household factors, 32 described psychobehavioral and psychosocial factors, 36 assessed farming factors, and 33 analyzed supportive factors. The literature provides evidence that relevant factors include the following: (1) farmer and household factors (i.e., gender, off-farm income, and level of education); (2) psycho-behavioral and psychosocial factors (i.e., positive attitude, normative and moral obligations); (3) farming factors (i.e., organic farm experience, production cost, and farm ownership); (4) supportive factors (i.e., training, support of technology, organic farmer neighbors, information acquisition, membership of association, and extension contacts). To promote the adoption of organic farming, extension agents play a vital role in the provision of information via training and the encouragement of conventional farmers to shift towards organic agriculture. The target groups that have the greatest potential for the adoption of organic farming are young farmers, females, individuals who have ownership of their farm, those with a high level of education, and farmers with off-farm income. Farm associations also play a vital role in the sharing of experience and in increasing bargaining power. Support by the government in terms of resources, credit, markets, and subsidy is also relevant in motivating organic farming adoption. Therefore, three sectors, extension agents, farm associations, and the government, are key drivers for the sustainable adoption of organic farming.
“No Woman, Much Less a Woman of Fortune, is Ever Fit to Be Her Own Mistress”: Gender, Wealth, and Agency in Inheritance Novels from the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

Abstract, This article compares the agency of heiresses with that of male heirs in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century novels focused on inheritance to investigate whether heiresses faced more restrictions on their financial and personal freedom compared with other characters from the period due to their fortune. We test James Thompson’s claim that “inheritance is enabling or authorizing for male protagonists and disabling for female protagonists” using computational analysis of a corpus of twenty-nine novels and combine our results with close reading of the novels from our corpus. We found that the representation of heiresses’ and heirs’ agency varies according to genre. Heiresses had more agency than expected, this was especially the case for heiresses in gothic fiction. We noticed a decline in the agency of male heirs in the nineteenth century compared with the eighteenth century, while the agency of other character types such as unmoneyed characters appears to increase.