Prevention of Psychological Disorders and Behavioral Problems in Children and Adolescents with Migration Background and Their Mothers: Results of a 10-Year Follow-Up

mit (19,4%) und 291 Familien ohne MH (80,6%). Das durchschnittliche Alter der Kinder im Kindergartenalter betrug 4,2 Jahre, derjenigen im Jugendalter 14,1 Jahre; 45,7% waren Mädchen. Ergebnisse: Die Unterschiede zwischen den Kindern und Jugendlichen mit und ohne MH waren gering. Sie verrin- gerten sich vom Kindergarten- zum Jugendalter. Bei Jugendlichen mit MH zeigten sich vermehrt Hinweise auf eine Computerspielab- hängigkeit, und sie verbrachten mehr Zeit mit Social-Networking. Jugendliche ohne MH wiesen ein größeres Risiko für Essstörungen und riskantes Sexualverhalten auf. Für die Vorhersage von psychischen Auffälligkeiten im Jugendalter spielten weder der MH noch der soziale Status eine Rolle, relevant waren ausschließlich die psychischen Auffälligkeiten im Kindergartenalter. Migranten und Nicht- migranten profitierten gleichermaßen vom angebotenen Elterntraining. Migranten, die eine Teilnahme ablehnten, zeigten im Vergleich zu den Nichtmigranten deutlich ungünstigere Werte. Schlussfolge-rungen: Der Heterogenität von Migranten muss in künftigen Studien stärker Rechnung getragen werden. Aufgrund der Zunahme von Familien mit MH in Deutschland sollten vermehrt Anstrengungen unternommen werden, Kinder, Jugendliche und deren Eltern zu un-tersuchen. Zum besseren Verständnis der Auswirkungen von Migra- tion sind Längsschnittstudien unabdingbar. knowledge about psychological disorders and behavioral problems in families with a migration background is low. The few existing studies suggest a slightly greater burden on children and adolescents with a migration background (MB) compared to those without MB, which is probably due to their poorer living conditions and lower socio-economic status. Method: In a longitudinal study, psychological symptoms in children with and without MB were compared, namely in early childhood and 10 years later in adolescence. In addition, exploratory differences between migrants and non-migrants were examined with regard to a parental training (Triple P) carried out in early childhood. The source of the data was the longitudinal project ‘Future Family III’. The sample consisted of 70 families with (19.4%) and 291 families without MB (80.6%). The average age of children in early childhood was 4.2 years, of children in adolescence 14.1 years; 45.7% were girls. Results: There were few differences between children and adolescents with and without MB. These differences decreased from childhood to adolescence. For young people with MB, there was increasing evidence of a computer game dependency, and they spent more time with social networking; young people without MB showed a greater risk of eating disorders and risky sexual be- havior. Regarding the prediction of psychological problems in adolescence, neither MB nor the social status played a role, only psychological problems in early childhood proved to be relevant. Migrants and non-migrants benefited equally from the parental train- ing. Migrants who refused to participate showed significantly less favorable outcomes compared to non-migrants. Conclusions: The heterogeneity of migrants must be taken more seriously into account in future studies. Due to the increasing number of families with MB in Germany, increased efforts should be made to examine children, adolescents, and their parents. For a better understanding of the effects of migration, longitudinal studies are necessary. criteria: d > 0.20 as a small effect, d > 0.50 as a medium effect, d > 0.80 as a strong effect. Determination of the confidence interval was based on a 5% prob-ability of error. A significance level of 5% was applied in the statistical analyses. Since sev-eral features were checked for each hypothesis (multiple testing), an alpha error accumulation has to be expected. To estimate this effect, the significance level was also adjusted by a Bonferroni correction. Since this correction procedure is, however, a very conservative test, which scarcely allows it to recognize patterns and trends, the presentation of the results mainly uses effect sizes and the un-corrected alpha values. Given the current state of migration research and the difficulty in recruiting homogeneous groups of migrants, we believe that knowledge is gained from being able to recognize patterns and tendencies at all.