Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comorbid illness Comorbid illness asthma asthma COPD COPD heart disease heart disease diabetes diabetes cancer cancer chronic renal failure chronic renal failure dementia dementia seizures seizures stroke stroke psychiatric disorder psychiatric disorder

Background: The vast majority of research in the area of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has been based on patients admitted to hospital. And yet, the majority of patients with CAP are treated on an ambulatory basis as outpatients, either by primary care physicians or in Emergency Departments. Few studies have been conducted in outpatients with pneumonia, and there is a paucity of data on short and long term morbidity or mortality and associated clinical correlates in this group of patients. Methods: From 2000–2002, all CAP patients presenting to 7 Emergency Departments in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada were prospectively enrolled in a population-based registry. Clinical data, including pneumonia severity index (PSI) were collected at time of presentation. Patients discharged to the community were then followed for up to 5 years through linkage to the provincial administrative databases. The current report provides the rationale and design for the cohort, as well as describes baseline characteristics and 30-day morbidity and mortality. Results: The total sample included 3874 patients. After excluding patients who were hospitalized, died or returned to the Emergency Department the same day they were initially discharged (n = 451; 12 %), and patients who could not be linked to provincial administrative databases (n = 237; 6 %), the final cohort included 3186 patients treated according to a validated clinical management pathway and discharged back to the community. Mean age was 51 (SD= 20) years, 53 % male; 4 % resided in a nursing home, 95 % were independently mobile, and 88 % had mild (PSI class I-III) pneumonia. Within 30-days, return to Emergency Department was common (25 %) as was hospitalization (8 %) and 1 % of patients had died. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this represents the largest clinically-detailed outpatient CAP cohort assembled to date and will add to our understanding of the determinants and outcomes in this under-researched patient population. The rich clinical data along with the long term health care utilization and mortality will allow for the identification of novel prognostic indicators. Given how under studied this population is, the findings should aid clinicians in the routine care of their outpatients with pneumonia and help define the next generation of research questions.
Chinese-English Bilingual Word Semantic Similarity Based on Chinese WordNet

Semantic similarity measurement of multilingual words is a challenging problem in data mining, information extraction, information retrieval, etc. This paper introduces an algorithm to measure the semantic similarity of Chinese-English bilingual words based on Chinese WordNet, an expansion of WordNet in Simplified Chinese. The algorithm not only measures the semantic similarity for Chinese and English words, but also measures Chinese-English cross-lingual word semantic similarity. It utilizes WordNet's hypernym / hyponym relationships between synsets and evaluates the similarity by measuring the distances between synsets, the local densities of synsets and the depths of the synsets on the entire hierarchy of WordNet. Most words have more than one meaning. Therefore, the algorithm sets up the weights of the combination pairs of the two words' synsets in an adaptive mode. Experimental results show that the similarities measured by our algorithm match with human common sense in general.
Aedes polynesiensis in the Society Islands: environmental correlates of isoenzyme differentiation

Abstract Isoenzyme genetic differentiation of Aedes polynesiensis mosquitoes in Raiatea island, French Polynesia, was evaluated by two models of population structure based on seven gene‐enzyme systems: Ak, Est, Got, Gpi, Hk, Mdh and Pgm. The ecological model tested whether genetic differentiation is congruent with habitat differences. The isolation model evaluated whether genetic differentiation is proportional to geographical distribution. The ecological model found no significant differentiation between populations of Ae.polynesiensis from beach and forest ecotopes, whereas the isolation model was consistent with the data. However, incipient speciation is opposed by the source‐sink system of population dynamics in such small neighbouring islands, where Ae.polynensiensis extinction is readily followed by reinvasion causing considerable gene flow between island populations.
Impedance-phase reshaping of LCL-filtered grid-connected inverters to improve the stability in a weak grid

The stability of grid-connected voltage-source inverters (VSI) is deteriorated in a weak grid due to the interaction between the increasing grid impedance and the inherent inverter impedance. To improve the stability of LCL-filtered VSI, an impedance-phase reshaping method is proposed in paper. With this output current feedback compensator, the phase margin at the impedance intersection can be improved dramatically. A straightforward parameter design method is also introduced to simplify the design procedure. Simulation and experimental results valid the effectiveness of the proposed the method and design methodology.
Isokinetic dynamometry on the internal rotator and adductor muscles of the swimmers' shoulders: no differences between asymmetrical and symmetrical swimming strokes

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we compare muscular strength of the internal rotators and adductors of the shoulder between asymmetrical (backstroke and freestyle) and symmetrical (breaststroke and butterfly) swimming strokes. METHOD: We evaluated: shoulders of (a) asymmetrical swimmers (aged 21.8 ± 3.8 years), (b) symmetrical swimmers (aged 20.3 ± 4.5 years), (c) recreational swimmers (aged 24.5 ± 4.5 years), and (d) control individuals (aged 25.8 ± 3.5 years). All evaluations were performed on a Biodex® isokinetic dynamometer at velocities of 60° and 300°/second. Adduction and internal rotation movements were evaluated. The variables studied were peak torque corrected for body weight (PTQ/BW), total work (TW) and the agonist/antagonist relationship. RESULTS: There were no differences in adductor strength between the symmetrical and asymmetrical swimmers regarding PTQ/BW (symmetrical: 114.4 Newto-meter vs. asymmetrical: 109.4 Newton-meter) and TW (symmetrical: 642.9 Joules; asymmetrical: 641.5 Joules). There was no difference in the abduction/adduction relationship between the symmetrical (67.4%) and asymmetrical (68.3%) swimmers. There was no difference in the internal rotator musculature between the symmetrical and asymmetrical swimmers regarding the variables PTQ/BW (symmetrical = 66.4 Newton-meter and asymmetrical = 63.4 Newton-meterm) and TW (symmetrical = 517.4 J and asymmetrical 526.7 J). There was no difference in the ratio of external to internal rotation of the shoulder between the symmetrical (65.7%) and asymmetrical (61.5%) swimmers. CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences in muscular strength in the adductor and internal rotator muscles of the shoulder between symmetrical and asymmetrical swimming strokes.
A Genetic Screen in Drosophila for Metastatic Behavior

A genetic screen was designed in Drosophila to interrogate its genome for mutations sufficient to cause noninvasive tumors of the eye disc to invade neighboring or distant tissues. We found that cooperation between oncogenic RasV12 expression and inactivation of any one of a number of genes affecting cell polarity leads to metastatic behavior, including basement membrane degradation, loss of E-cadherin expression, migration, invasion, and secondary tumor formation. Inactivation of these cell polarity genes cannot drive metastatic behavior alone or in combination with other tumor-initiating alterations. These findings suggest that the oncogenic background of tissues makes a distinct contribution toward metastatic development.
Serum creatine kinase levels in untreated hospitalized adolescents during acute psychosis.

OBJECTIVE Psychosis-associated creatine kinase (CK)-emia (PACK) is a common and pronounced laboratory abnormality that accompanies adult psychotic conditions. Adult PACK is a relatively consistent individual trait. The authors investigated whether psychotic adolescents also present with such PACK characteristics. METHOD Participants were 127 newly admitted, drug-free, psychotic Israeli adolescents. Measures were baseline psychotic severity, serum creatine kinase (CK0), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH0), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT0), white blood cell count (WBC0), urine myoglobulin, and the repeated CK (RepCK) measurements taken during recurrent psychotic episodes. RESULTS Schizophrenia was the prevalent diagnosis (53%). CK0 levels did not correlate with the severity of the psychotic symptoms. Twenty-one percent of patients had a CK0 level >1,000 IU/L. CK0 and RepCK levels were higher in males than in females (p < or = .001) and in Jewish Sephardi patients than in Ashkenazi patients (p < .007). There was no difference by diagnosis. Logarithmic (Ln) CK0 correlated with RepCK, SGOT0, LDH0, and WBC0 (r = +0.32-0.74, p < .001) but correlated inversely with serum cholesterol0 (r = -0.36, p = .002) in males. Even prominent PACK was not associated with myoglobinuria. These findings remained significant among the younger patients (aged <18 years). In males from this subgroup, LnCK0 also correlated with age (p < .007) but not with weight. CONCLUSIONS In psychotic adolescents, PACK is common, is more prevalent among males, is independent of diagnosis, is influenced by ethnicity, and tends to recur.
Why Bland–Altman plots should use X, not (Y+X)/2 when X is a reference method

Bland and Altman’s paper on difference plots, which recommends plotting differences against (X+Y )/2 instead of X is the most cited paper ever to appear in The Lancet [1]. Bland and Altman later suggested that even when the X method is a reference method (they use the term ‘gold standard’), one should still use (X+Y )/2 instead of X in plots and provided equations to demonstrate their point [2]. This has been investigated further by plotting these equations and performing simulations. Others have presented somewhat similar considerations [3, 4]. Bland and Altman equations [2] show the response between the correlation coefficient for the difference (Y −X) vs either X or (X+Y )/2 vs the three variables: variance of Y , variance of X , and the correlation coefficient between Y and X . Since these equations involve three variables and one response, it was desirable to reduce the number of variables to two in order to view contour plots. This was achieved by combining the variance of Y and variance of X as VarDiff=Var(Y )− Var(X). Figure 1 shows a contour plot of the correlation coefficient of Y −X vs either X (no BA in plots) or (X+Y )/2 (BA in plots) as a function of the correlation coefficient between Y and X and the variable VarDiff. This figure would seem to support Bland and Altman’s suggestion to always use (X+Y )/2 instead of X , since as suggested by Bland and Altman, most of the correlation coefficients are negative for the X case (no BA in plot). However, one can also ask where typical method comparison studies will appear on these graphs. This was addressed by simulations [5]. For these simulations, a sodium assay was used ranging from 100 to 200mmol/L, with both the comparison and test method assumed to provide a sodium result with no bias. Two conditions were simulated: in one, a commercial assay was compared with a reference method and in the other, two commercials assays were compared. The inputs to the simulation were various values for imprecision (as standard deviation) for the test (Y ) and comparison (X) assays. Simulation outputs provided variances of Y and X as well as correlation coefficients for Y vs X . The correlation coefficients for Y −X vs either X or (X+Y )/2 were also provided although these values could also be calculated from the equations. In the reference method condition, reference results are often replicated and thus have little error due to imprecision, especially compared with a commercial assay. For this condition, the imprecision of the X method was set at 0.5mmol/L and the Y method imprecision ranged from 2 to 10mmol/L. While 10mmol/L might seem unrealistically high for sodium, it would not be for some immunoassays. (I chose a sodium assay since units are the same in all countries.) The results corresponded to the solid line ellipse superimposed on Figure 1. Because the Y method
Diminished Th1‐Like Response to Autoantigens in Children with a High Risk of Developing Type 1 Diabetes

The exact role of T‐helper (Th) cells that precede the clinical manifestation of type 1 diabetes remains unclear. The aim of this investigation was to study the Th1‐ and Th2‐like profile in children and adults with high risk of developing the disease. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from high‐risk children and adults and from healthy individuals matched for age and gender. Using the sensitive enzyme‐linked immunospot (ELISPOT) technique to divide Th1‐ from Th2‐like lymphocytes, secretion of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and interleukin‐4 was analysed from lymphocytes spontaneously and after in vitro stimulation with different antigens, based on present paradigms regarding the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Compared to the response observed in healthy individuals, we found that individuals with a high risk of developing type 1 diabetes, especially children, responded with less IFN‐γ secretion to the three autoantigens glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), insulin and tyrosinphosphatase (IA‐2). Thus, a diminished Th1‐like response by in vitro autoantigen stimulation was observed in especially children with a high risk of developing type 1 diabetes. Reduced Th1/Th2 response was related to signs of β cell exhaustion.
Finite element analysis and corresponding experiments of resonant energy transmission for wireless transmission devices using witricity

In this paper, a wireless energy transmission system based on witricity technology for powering and recharging electrical devices is studied. The relationship between the energy transfer efficiency and several key parameters of the system is analyzed using finite element method (FEM). Thin film witricity cells, consisting of a tape coil on one layer, which is separated by an insulation layer to conductive strips on another layer, are fabricated. These cells are light, compact, and flexible, provide convenience and flexibility in the design of wireless devices. Experiments are conducted to showcase the performance of this energy transfer system.
Accurate characterization of film on substrate transmitting specimens by the envelope method

Higher accuracy is accomplished in characterization of thin film on substrate light transmitting specimens by the envelope method. This is a result of more accurate determination of the film thickness variation, based on minimization of film thickness error metrics. Three chalcogenide thin film specimens are characterized, and is shown that their thickness error metrics are better than those for previous characterizations of the same specimens.
Viral ocular manifestations: a broad overview

The viruses able to affect the eye are taxonomically diverse, ranging from double‐stranded DNA viruses, to single stranded RNA viruses, to retroviruses. Any part of the eye may be affected, frequently producing blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, cataract and retinitis.
Role of ATP decrease in secretion induced by mitochondrial dysfunction in guinea‐pig adrenal chromaffin cells

The mechanism related to mitochondrial dysfunction‐induced catecholamine (CA) secretion in dispersed guinea‐pig adrenal chromaffin cells was investigated using amperometry and confocal laser microscopy. Application of CCCP, which does not stimulate generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reversibly induced CA secretion, whereas application of either cyanide or oligomycin (OL), a stimulator for ROS, enhanced CA secretion to a smaller extent. The CCCP‐induced secretion was abolished by removal of external Ca2+ ions and was markedly diminished by D600. The mitochondrial membrane potential, measured using rhodamine 123, was rapidly lost in response to CCCP, but did not change noticeably during a 3 min exposure to OL. Prior exposure to OL markedly facilitated depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential in response to cyanide. The mitochondrial inhibitors rapidly produced an increase in Magnesium Green (MgG) fluorescence in the absence of external Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, an increase that was larger in the cytoplasm than in the nucleus. The rank order of potency in increasing MgG fluorescence among the inhibitors was similar to that in increasing secretion. Thus, mitochondrial inhibition rapidly decreases [ATP] and the mitochondrial dysfunction‐induced secretion is not due to ROS generation or to mitochondrial depolarization, but is possibly mediated by a decrease in ATP.
Gas Exchange and Exercise Capacity Affect Neurocognitive Performance in Patients With Lung Disease

Objective: This study examined the relationship between cognitive functioning and the severity of underlying lung disease in patients awaiting lung transplantation. Methods: Ninety-four patients with end-stage lung disease completed a test battery to assess cognitive performance in two domains: executive functioning/attention (Trails A and B, COWA, Animal Naming, Stroop Color–Word Test, Digit Symbol, and the 2 & 7 Test) and verbal memory (Digit Span–Backward and Forward, WMS-R Logical Memory and Paired Verbal Associates). Results: Thirty-seven percent of the patients demonstrated moderate to severe cognitive impairment data on two or more tests. Adjusting for age and education, there were no statistically significant differences on executive functioning or verbal memory as a function of specific lung disease diagnosis. Lower PCO2 values were associated with better cognitive performance on latent measures of executive functioning and attention (p = .006) and verbal memory (p = .009), whereas higher PO2 values tended to be associated with better performance on the executive functioning/attention measure (p = .064). Distance walked in 6 minutes was positively related to verbal memory (p < .023). Conclusions: Impaired neurocognitive functioning may be relatively common in patients awaiting lung transplantation and is associated with ineffective pulmonary gas exchange and reduced exercise tolerance. CFI = Bentler’s Comparative Fit Index; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1 = percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC = forced vital capacity; INSPIRE = Investigational Study of Psychological Intervention in Recipients of Lung Transplant; MANOVA = multivariate analysis of variance; PCO2 = arterial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood; PO2 = arterial pressure of oxygen in the blood; RMSEA = root mean square error of application; TLFI = Tucker-Lewis Index; WAIS-R = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised; WMS-R = Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised.
The Use of URLs as Meta-Syntax for Core Mail List Commands and their Transport through Message Header Fields

The mailing list command specification header fields are a set of structured fields to be added to email messages sent by email distribution lists. Each field typically contains a URL (usually mailto [RFC2368]) locating the relevant information or performing the command directly. The three core header fields described in this document are List-Help, List-Subscribe, and List-Unsubscribe.
Excellent Selector Characteristics of Nanoscale $ \hbox{VO}_{2}$ for High-Density Bipolar ReRAM Applications

We herein present a nanoscale vanadium oxide (VO<sub>2</sub>) device with excellent selector characteristics such as a high on/off ratio (>; 50), fast switching speed (<; 20 ns), and high current density (>; 10<sup>6</sup> A/cm2). Owing to extrinsic defects, a large-area device with a 20-nm-thick VO<sub>2</sub> layer underwent an electrical short. In contrast, after scaling the device active area (<; 5 × 10<sup>4</sup> nm<sup>2</sup>), excellent switching uniformity was obtained. This can be explained by the reduced defects and the metal-insulator transition of the whole nanoscale VO<sub>2</sub>. By integrating a bipolar resistive random access memory device with the VO<sub>2</sub> selection device, a significantly improved readout margin was obtained. The VO<sub>2</sub> selection device shows good potential for cross-point bipolar resistive memory applications.
The RNA Interference Proteins and Vasa Locus are Involved in the Silencing of Retrotransposons in the Female Germline of Drosophila melanogaster

RNA interference (RNAi) is considered as a defense against expansion of transposable elements. The proteins related to RNA helicase and Argonaute families are involved in RNAi process in different organisms. It was shown that Argonaute AUBERGINE and putative RNA helicase SPINDLE-E proteins were essential for RNAi in Drosophila. Here, we describe the role of aubergine (aub) and spindle-E (spn-E) genes in the control of LTR retrotransposon copia and non-LTR telomeric Het-A and I retrotransposons in ovaries. spn-E mutation causes a drastically increased lacZ expression driven by copia LTR. For the first time we show the involvement of AUBERGINE protein and VASA RNA helicase, essential for oocyte patterning, in the retrotransposon silencing. spn-E, vasa and aub mutations cause similar accumulation of both I element and Het-A transcripts in the developing oocyte. VASA and AUBERGINE proteins are known as components of perinuclear ribonucleoprotein particles in germ cells, and spn-E mutation disturbs protein content of the particles. We suggest participation of these proteins in the same silencing pathway.
Kinetics of radionuclides used for bone studies.

In this paper we report our investigation to study the kinetics of five bone-seeking nuclides and to compare their local bone and plasma kinetics and urinary excretion rates in order to establish their relative usefulness for detecting and following up the course of metastatic bone lesions. The studies were quantitative, and they used quantitative and computerized scanning methods previously devel oped in this laboratory (1-3).