Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drone Mapping Versus Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Building Mapping andAssesement

Drone mapping and terrestrial laser scanning are two advanced techniques that have been used around the world in recent years for documentation and mapping of buildings with historic value, construction project/infrastructure monitoring, mapping of cities, and a lot more survey. A well-defined methodology for data extraction, modelling, and monitoring is yet to evolve. This study compares and demonstrates terrestrial laser scanning and drone survey for building mapping with validation and accuracy checks. A terrestrial scanner was used to perform three scans of a building and drone was used to capture high-performance vertical images and oblique images. A three dimensional (3D) model was generated using advanced software techniques. Building facade elevation and plans were extracted from the 3D model after validation and accuracy check. The drone model produced high-quality visualization while terrestrial scanner output data allowed to extracting minute details after removing noise. Drone mapping and terrestrial laser scanning are two unique stand-alone technologies for serving different purposes individually, but they greatly complement each other when used together. Visualization of digital real-time 3D model helps in scrolling around at different nooks and corners of the building for a survey which is not possible through conventional mapping techniques; this is one of the greatest advantages of these techniques.
Biofilm Degradation of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Formed on Stainless Steel Following Treatment with Immortelle (Helichrysum italicum) and Common Juniper (Juniperus communis) Essential Oils

Nontuberculous mycobacteria, like other opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens, produce resistant biofilms on various surfaces in the plumbing system including pipes, tanks, and fittings. Since standard methods of water disinfection are ineffective in eradicating biofilms, research into new agents is necessary. Essential oils (EOs) have great potential as anti-biofilm agents. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the potential anti-biofilm effect of common juniper (Juniperus communis) and immortelle (Helichrysum italicum) EOs. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC), and minimum effective concentrations of EOs on Mycobacterium avium, M. intracellulare, and M. gordonae were tested. Additionally, biofilms on the surface of a stainless steel disc were treated with single or mixed concentration of EOs, in order to investigate their degeneration via the bacterial count and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). H. italicum EO showed the strongest biofilm degradation ability against all Mycobacteria strains that were tested. The strongest effect in the biofilm degradation after the single or mixed applications of EOs was observed against M. gordonae, followed by M. avium. The most resistant was the M. intracellulare biofilm. Synergistic combinations of J. communis and H. italicum EOs therefore seem to be an effective substance in biofilm degradation for use in small water systems such as baths or hot tubs.
The interaction of question particles and negation in embedded contexts: the case of alles

The German question particle alles ( Reis 1992 ; Zimmermann 2007 ) is characterised in the semantic literature as imposing plurality and exhaustivity requirements on the answer space. We report on novel experimental probing the interaction of alles and negation in embedded questions. We investigated alles with three embedding predicates: vergessen ' forget', wissen ' know', and u berraschen ' surprise'. The data show that alles may be focussed and contributes to at-issue propositional content, on the basis of its interaction with negation.
Changes of utterances in the skill acquisition of collaborative conveyer task

Importance of developing human adaptive robots or systems is increasing these days. To accomplish it, we have to clarify features of human-human communication. In this study, we analyzed human speech while completing computerized collaborate task to clarify how humans speak in collaborative work. We extracted questioning speeches from conversations using CLAN, and classified them into four categories according to their content. We investigated whether the number and ratio of each type of questions changed over ten trials. The results indicate that leader role person is sensitive to task planning.
Preparation of Boron–Silicon Thin Film by Pulsed Laser Deposition and Its Properties

Abstract Boron–silicon amorphous films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique. Band gap was estimated from the optical absorption spectrum for the films, and it increased with increasing silicon concentration. The values and concentration dependence of the band gap are nearly the same as those measured for amorphous B–Si prepared by electron beam evaporation. Electrical (dc) conductivity of the films was two or three orders of magnitude larger than that of amorphous boron, and its temperature dependence reveals variable-range-hopping-type behavior (Mott's low). Concentration dependence of the dc conductivity is similar to that of metal-doped β -rhombohedral boron.
Predicting heart failure using a wrapper-based feature selection

In the current health system, it is very difficult for medical practitioners/physicians to diagnose the effectiveness of heart contraction. In this research, we proposed a machine learning model to predict heart contraction using an artificial neural network (ANN). We also proposed a novel wrapper-based feature selection utilizing a grey wolf optimization (GWO) to reduce the number of required input attributes. In this work, we compared the results achieved using our method and several conventional machine learning algorithms approaches such as support vector machine, decision tree, K-nearest neighbor, naive bayes, random forest, and logistic regression. Computational results show not only that much fewer features are needed, but also higher prediction accuracy can be achieved around 87%. This work has the potential to be applicable to clinical practice and become a supporting tool for doctors/physicians.
Effects of Peroxyacetic Acid Spray and Storage Temperature on the Microbiota and Sensory Properties of Vacuum-Packed Subprimal Cuts of Meat

The findings of this study show that PAA solutions applied at low concentrations under commercial settings positively modulated the meat microbiota. It did not have bactericidal effects for beef subprimals with very low microbial loads. ABSTRACT We investigated the impact of peroxyacetic acid (PAA; 200 ppm) spray on the microbiota and shelf life of commercial, vacuum-packed beef stored at chiller temperatures. Ribeye cuts (n = 147) were collected from a local beef plant on the day of production for two consecutive days, with one set collected at the start of work with the PAA spray nozzles turned off (control) and during routine production with the PAA spray nozzles turned on (PAA) each day. Packs were stored at 4, 2, and −1°C for up to 34, 104, and 180 days and sampled at appropriate intervals for sensory assessment, microbial enumeration, and microbial profiling by 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis. Treatment with PAA did not affect the initial meat pH, the initial numbers of total aerobes, lactic acid bacteria, or Enterobacteriaceae (P > 0.05) before storage; however, it delayed the onset of spoilage by 7, 21, and 54 days at 4, 2, and −1°C, respectively. Square-root models of the variation of growth rate with temperature indicated lactic acid bacteria grew faster and Enterobacteriaceae grew slower on PAA-treated than on untreated meat. Negative associations between pH and deterioration of meat during storage were observed for PAA-treated meat. During storage, the microbiota were primarily dominated by Carnobacterium and Lactobacillus/Lactococcus on control meat but by Leuconostoc on PAA-treated meat. Serratia, Yersinia, and Clostridium were identified by linear discriminant effect size analysis as biomarkers for control meat; Clostridium was found in high abundance in samples that had the highest spoilage scores. IMPORTANCE The findings of this study show that PAA solutions applied at low concentrations under commercial settings positively modulated the meat microbiota. It did not have bactericidal effects for beef subprimals with very low microbial loads. However, it differentially impacted the members of the microbiota, which resulted in delayed onset of spoilage of vacuum-packed beef subprimal stored at all three temperatures (4, 2, and −1°C). This differential impact could be through one or a combination of the following factors: favoring the growth of lactic acid bacteria, which may in turn exert a competitive exclusion that might be due to production of antimicrobial compounds such as organic acids and bacteriocins; exerting synergistic antimicrobial effects with low temperatures against members of Enterobacteriaceae; and direct or indirect inhibitory effects against members of the clostridia. These findings not only advance our understanding of the microbial ecology of vacuum-packed meat stored at chiller temperatures but also suggest that bacteriostatic concentrations of antimicrobial interventions can be explored for shelf-life extension.
Surgical intervention and patient factors associated with poor outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury at a tertiary care hospital in Uganda.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether neurosurgical intervention for traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with reduced risks of death and clinical deterioration in a low-income country with a relatively high neurosurgical capacity. The authors further aimed to assess whether the association between surgical intervention and acute poor outcomes differs according to TBI severity and various patient factors. METHODS Using TBI registry data collected from a national referral hospital in Uganda between July 2016 and April 2020, the authors performed Cox regression analyses of poor outcomes in admitted patients who did and did not undergo surgery for TBI, with surgery as a time-varying treatment variable. Patients were further stratified by TBI severity using the admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score: mild TBI (mTBI; GCS scores 13-15), moderate TBI (moTBI; GCS scores 9-12), and severe TBI (sTBI; GCS scores 3-8). Poor outcomes constituted Glasgow Outcome Scale scores 2-3, deterioration in TBI severity between admission and discharge (e.g., mTBI to sTBI), and death. Several clinical and demographic variables were included as covariates. Patients were observed for outcomes from admission through hospital day 10. RESULTS Of 1544 patients included in the cohort, 369 (24%) had undergone surgery. Rates of poor outcomes were 4% (n = 13) for surgical patients and 12% (n = 144) among nonsurgical patients (n = 1175). Surgery was associated with a 59% reduction in the hazard for a poor outcome (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23-0.72). Age, pupillary nonreactivity, fall injury, and TBI severity at admission were significant covariates. In models stratifying by TBI severity at admission, patients with mTBI had an 80% reduction in the hazard for a poor outcome with surgery (HR 0.20, 95% CI 0.04-0.90), whereas those with sTBI had a 65% reduction (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.14-0.89). Patients with moTBI had a statistically nonsignificant 56% reduction in hazard (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.17-1.17). CONCLUSIONS In this setting, the association between surgery and rates of poor outcomes varied with TBI severity and was influenced by several factors. Patients presenting with mTBI had the greatest reduction in the hazard for a poor outcome, followed by those presenting with sTBI. However, patients with moTBI had a nonsignificant reduction in the hazard, indicating greater variability in outcomes and underscoring the need for closer monitoring of this population. These results highlight the importance of accurate, timely clinical evaluation throughout a patient's admission and can inform decisions about whether and when to perform surgery for TBI when resources are limited.
β1‐Subunit of the Ca2+‐activated K+ channel regulates contractile activity of mouse urinary bladder smooth muscle

1 The large‐conductance calcium‐activated potassium (BK) channel plays an important role in controlling membrane potential and contractility of urinary bladder smooth muscle (UBSM). These channels are composed of a pore‐forming α‐subunit and an accessory, smooth muscle‐specific, β1‐subunit. 2 Our aim was to determine the functional role of the β1‐subunit of the BK channel in controlling the contractions of UBSM by using BK channel β1‐subunit ‘knock‐out’ (KO) mice. 3 The β‐galactosidase reporter (lacZ gene) was targeted to the β1 locus, which provided the opportunity to examine the expression of the β1‐subunit in UBSM. Based on this approach, the β1‐subunit is highly expressed in UBSM. 4 BK channels lacking β1‐subunits have reduced activity, consistent with a shift in BK channel voltage/Ca2+ sensitivity. 5 Iberiotoxin, an inhibitor of BK channels, increased the amplitude and decreased the frequency of phasic contractions of UBSM strips from control mice. 6 The effects of the β1‐subunit deletion on contractions were similar to the effect of iberiotoxin on control mice. The UBSM strips from β1‐subunit KO mice had elevated phasic contraction amplitude and decreased frequency when compared to control UBSM strips. 7 Iberiotoxin increased the amplitude and frequency of phasic contractions, and UBSM tone of UBSM strips from β1‐subunit KO mice, suggesting that BK channels still regulate contractions in the absence of the β1‐subunit. 8 The results indicate that the β1‐subunit, by modulating BK channel activity, plays a significant role in the regulation of phasic contractions of the urinary bladder.
A literature review of magnetic resonance imaging sequence advancements in visualizing functional neurosurgery targets.

OBJECTIVE Historically, preoperative planning for functional neurosurgery has depended on the indirect localization of target brain structures using visible anatomical landmarks. However, recent technological advances in neuroimaging have permitted marked improvements in MRI-based direct target visualization, allowing for refinement of "first-pass" targeting. The authors reviewed studies relating to direct MRI visualization of the most common functional neurosurgery targets (subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus, and thalamus) and summarize sequence specifications for the various approaches described in this literature. METHODS The peer-reviewed literature on MRI visualization of the subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus, and thalamus was obtained by searching MEDLINE. Publications examining direct MRI visualization of these deep brain stimulation targets were included for review. RESULTS A variety of specialized sequences and postprocessing methods for enhanced MRI visualization are in current use. These include susceptibility-based techniques such as quantitative susceptibility mapping, which exploit the amount of tissue iron in target structures, and white matter attenuated inversion recovery, which suppresses the signal from white matter to improve the distinction between gray matter nuclei. However, evidence confirming the superiority of these sequences over indirect targeting with respect to clinical outcome is sparse. Future targeting may utilize information about functional and structural networks, necessitating the use of resting-state functional MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging. CONCLUSIONS Specialized MRI sequences have enabled considerable improvement in the visualization of common deep brain stimulation targets. With further validation of their ability to improve clinical outcomes and advances in imaging techniques, direct visualization of targets may play an increasingly important role in preoperative planning.
High-resolution genetic dissection of the major QTL for tipburn resistance in lettuce, Lactuca sativa

Abstract Tipburn is an important physiological disorder of lettuce, Lactuca sativa L. , related to calcium deficiency that can result in leaf necrosis and unmarketable crops. The major quantitative trait locus (QTL), qTPB5.2, can account for up to 70% of the phenotypic variance for tipburn incidence in the field. This QTL was genetically dissected to identify candidate genes for tipburn by creating lines with recombination events within the QTL and assessing their resistance to tipburn. By comparing lines with contrasting haplotypes, the genetic region was narrowed down to ∼877 Kb that was associated with a reduction of tipburn by ∼60%. Analysis of the lettuce reference genome sequence revealed 12 genes in this region, one of which is a calcium transporter with a single nucleotide polymorphism in an exon between haplotypes with contrasting phenotypes. RNA-seq analysis of recombinants revealed two genes that were differentially expressed between contrasting haplotypes consistent with the tipburn phenotype. One encodes a Teosinte branched1/Cycloidea/Proliferating Cell factor transcription factor; however, differential expression of the calcium transporter was detected. The phenotypic data indicated that there is a second region outside of the ∼877 Kb region but within the QTL, at which a haplotype from the susceptible parent decreased tipburn by 10–20%. A recombinant line was identified with beneficial haplotypes in each region from both parents that showed greater tipburn resistance than the resistant parent; this line could be used as the foundation for breeding cultivars with more resistance than is currently available.
Clinical Relevance of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Beyond Coronary Artery Stenosis

Abstract Background The capabilities of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) have advanced significantly in the past decade. Its capacity to detect stenotic coronary arteries safely and consistently has led to a marked decline in invasive diagnostic angiography. However, CCTA can do much more than identify coronary artery stenoses. Method This review discusses applications of CCTA beyond coronary stenosis assessment, focusing in particular on the visual and quantitative analysis of atherosclerotic plaque. Results Established signs of visually assessed high-risk plaque on CT include positive remodeling, low-attenuation plaque, spotty calcification, and the napkin-ring sign, which correlate with the histological thin-cap fibroatheroma. Recently, quantification of plaque subtypes has further improved the assessment of coronary plaque on CT. Quantitatively assessed low-attenuation plaque, which correlates with the necrotic core of the thin-cap fibroatheroma, has demonstrated superiority over stenosis severity and coronary calcium score in predicting subsequent myocardial infarction. Current research aims to use radiomic and machine learning methods to further improve our understanding of high-risk atherosclerotic plaque subtypes identified on CCTA. Conclusion Despite rapid technological advances in the field of coronary computed tomography angiography, there remains a significant lag in routine clinical practice where use is often limited to lumenography. We summarize some of the most promising techniques that significantly improve the diagnostic and prognostic potential of CCTA. Key Points: In addition to its ability to determine severity of luminal stenoses, CCTA provides important prognostic information by evaluating atherosclerotic plaque. Simple scoring systems such as the segment involved score or the CT-adapted Leaman score can provide more prognostic information on major adverse coronary events compared to traditional risk factors such as presence of hypertension or diabetes. CT signs of high-risk plaque, including positive remodeling, low-attenuation plaque, spotty calcification, and the napkin-ring sign, are significantly more likely to predict acute coronary syndromes. Quantitative plaque assessment can provide precise description of volume and burden of plaque subtypes and have been found to predict subsequent myocardial infarction better than cardiovascular risk scores, calcium scoring and severity of coronary artery stenoses. Machine learning techniques have the potential to automate risk stratification and enhance health economy, even though present clinical applications are limited. In this era of “big data” they are an exciting avenue for future research. Citation Format Meah MN, Williams MC. Clinical Relevance of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Beyond Coronary Artery Stenosis. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2021; 193: 1162 – 1170
N backbone chemical ‐ shift assignments of SARS ‐ CoV ‐ 2 non ‐ structural protein 1 ( leader protein )

The current COVID-19 pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a worldwide health crisis, necessitating coordinated scientific research and urgent identification of new drug targets for treatment of COVID-19 lung disease. The covid19-nmr consortium seeks to support drug development by providing publicly accessible NMR data on the viral RNA elements and proteins. The SARS-CoV-2 genome comprises a single RNA of about 30 kb in length, in which 14 open reading frames (ORFs) have been annotated, and encodes approximately 30 proteins. The first two-thirds of the SARS-CoV-2 genome is made up of two large overlapping open-reading-frames (ORF1a and ORF1b) encoding a replicase polyprotein, which is subsequently cleaved to yield 16 so-called non-structural proteins. The non-structural protein 1 (Nsp1), which is considered to be a major virulence factor, suppresses host immune functions by associating with host ribosomal complexes at the very end of its C-terminus. Furthermore, Nsp1 facilitates initiation of viral RNA translation via an interaction of its N-terminal domain with the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of the viral RNA. Here, we report the near-complete backbone chemical-shift assignments of full-length SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 (19.8 kDa), which reveal the domain organization, secondary structure and backbone dynamics of Nsp1, and which will be of value to further NMR-based investigations of both the biochemical and physiological functions of Nsp1.
Gender and Malingering in Defendants Deemed Incompetent to Stand Trial

The relationships between gender and malingering have received little attention in the literature. Our study examined data from 1,748 patients committed as incompetent to stand trial between 2008 and 2017, of whom 397 were women. Scores on a structured assessment of feigned psychiatric symptoms were only slightly higher for men than for women. Yet evaluators believed that over 23 percent of men but less than 15 percent of women were malingering. Our data suggest that these gender differences in rates of malingering may be attributable to symptom constellations and extent of criminal arrest history.
Polymer diffusion across interfaces in latex films

Latex films represent a high-surface area analogue of the polymer welding phenomenon. In both instances, the growth in strength of the joint is coupled to the diffusion of polymer molecules across a polymer-polymer interface. In order to observe this diffusion, one needs contrast. Here the contrast is provided by labeling half of the poly(butyl methacrylate) microspheres with a donor group (phenanthrene) and the other half with an acceptor (anthracene). Polymer interdiffusion leads to a growth in the extent of direct nonradiative energy transfer observed when the phenanthrenes are selectively excited with UV light