Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ozone mapping and profiler suite (OMPS). The next generation of US ozone monitoring instruments

A new set of ozone instruments, the ozone mapping and profiler suite (OMPS), will fly on the next generation of US operational polar-orbiting satellites, the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS). OMPS data products will continue and improve on the current operational atmospheric ozone products. New algorithms have been developed to make use of the greater spectral coverage and better height resolution information present in the measurements from the suite. The total ozone column and vertical ozone profile estimates from OMPS will be used in operational applications and long-term atmospheric ozone assessment studies.
Application of the Multilevel Fast Multipole Method to the analysis of holographic antennas

A numerical scheme that combines the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) and the characteristics basis function method (CBFM) has been developed for the analysis of holographic antennas and other finite-sized multilayered periodic structures. The approach permits the analysis of structures modeled by parametric surfaces. Using these surfaces, the discretization, basis and test functions are conformed to any curved surface, with the advantage of an exact representation of the geometry. The approach has been implemented in moment method code MONURBS. The method has been tested considering several periodic structures achieving good results.
Trust Scale Development in Turkey

Trust has attracted great attention within the soci al sciences over the past 15 years. Mishra (1996) attributes this recent increase in the visib ility of the trust issue to the emergence of a widespread belief that existing bases for social co -operation, solidarity and consensus have been worn away and that there is a need to search f or new alternatives. Mishra (1996), in building a model of trust for both individuals and organizations, defines trust as "one party's willingness to be vulnerable to another party belie ving that the latter party is: (a) competent, (b) open, (c) concerned, and (d) reliable". These f our dimensions operate collectively to create the perception of trust. Cummings and Bromi ley (1997) assert that trust involves three components of belief (affective, cognitive, and int ended behavior) and three behavioral dimensions (whether an individual keeps commitments, negotiates honestly, and avoids taking excessive advantage). The objective of this study is to develop a trust inventory for distinguishing interpersonal and organizational tru st factors. Based on the responses from a sample of 1200 respondents to an open-ended questionnaire, 1213 items have been collected. After clearing the repeated and similar items, the number has been reduced to 164. As a result of a factor analysis, 14 factors have been revealed . 3 factors for trust towards the manager, 4 factors for trust towards the subordinate, 3 factor s for trust between coworkers and 4 factors for trust towards the organization have been found.
Microstructural and Microchemical Analyses of Extracted Second-Phase Precipitates in Alpha-Annealed and Beta-Quenched Zircaloy-4

Zircaloy-4 is used as fuel-element cladding in the nuclear-power generation industry. As part of an overall study of the fundamentals of Zircaloy-4 (Zr-4) (a hexagonal close pack Zr-1.5% Sn, 0.25%Fe, 0.125% Cr alloy) corrosion, a detailed investigation of the second-phase precipitates that enhance the corrosion resistance of Zircaloy-4 in pressurized water reactors was pursued. In order to better characterize the microstructure and microchemistry of the precipitates, they were extracted from Zircaloy-4 material by dissolving the parent matrix in an acid solution and collecting residue of intact precipitates. Source material used included alpha-annealed and late beta-quenched Zircaloy-4.
Dynamic density functional theory versus kinetic theory of simple fluids

By combining methods of kinetic and density functional theory, we present a description of molecular fluids which accounts for their microscopic structure and thermodynamic properties as well as their hydrodynamic behavior. We focus on the evolution of the one-particle phase space distribution, rather than on the evolution of the average particle density which features in dynamic density functional theory. The resulting equation can be studied in two different physical limits: diffusive dynamics, typical of colloidal fluids without hydrodynamic interaction where particles are subject to overdamped motion resulting from coupling with a solvent at rest, and inertial dynamics, typical of molecular fluids. Finally, we propose an algorithm to solve numerically and efficiently the resulting kinetic equation by employing a discretization procedure analogous to the one used in the lattice Boltzmann method.
Growth differentiation factor 15 production is necessary for normal erythroid differentiation and is increased in refractory anaemia with ring‐sideroblasts

The disturbed erythropoiesis in patients with refractory anaemia with ring‐sideroblasts (RARS) is characterized by intramedullary apoptosis of erythroid precursors and increased iron accumulation in mitochondria. To gain insight into these pathophysiological mechanisms we compared the gene expression profile (GEP) of erythroid precursors from RARS patients to the GEP of normal erythroid precursors. Three hundred sixty four probe sets were up‐, and 253 probe sets downregulated in RARS cells. Interestingly, Growth Differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a cytokine from the TGFβ family, was dramatically upregulated in all RARS patients. Measurement of GDF15 in the sera from twenty RARS patients confirmed this finding by showing significantly, 7·2‐fold, increased protein levels (3254 ± 1400 ng/ml vs. 451 ± 87 ng/ml in normals). In vitro studies demonstrated erythroid‐specific production of GDF15 and dependence on erythropoietin. Induction of apoptosis by arsenic trioxide, a drug which acts via reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential, also stimulated GDF15 production. Downregulation of endogenous GDF15 production in erythoblasts by specific siRNA led to diminished erythroid differentiation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a new role for GDF15 in normal erythropoiesis as well as in the ineffective erythropoiesis of RARS patients.
Suboptimal Policies, with Bounds, for Parameter Adaptive Decision Processes

A parameter adaptive decision process is a sequential decision process where some parameter or parameter set impacting the rewards and/or transitions of the process is not known with certainty. Signals from the performance of the system can be processed by the decision maker as time progresses, yielding information regarding which parameter set is operative. Active learning is an essential feature of these processes, and the decision maker must choose actions that simultaneously guide the system in a preferred direction, as well as yield information that can be used to better prescribe future actions. If the operative parameter set is known with certainty, the parameter adaptive problem reduces to a conventional stochastic dynamic program, which is presumed solvable. Previous authors have shown how to use these solutions to generate suboptimal policies with performance bounds for the parameter adaptive problem. Here it is shown that some desirable characteristics of those bounds are shared by a larger cla.
Germinal Center B Cells Constitute a Predominant Physiological Source of IL-4: Implication for Th2 Development In Vivo1

Protective immunity depends upon the capability of the immune system to properly adapt the response to the nature of an infectious agent. CD4+ Th cells are implicated in this orchestration by secreting a polarized pattern of cytokines. Although Th2 development in animal models and in human cells in vitro to a large extent depends on IL-4, the nature of the cells that provide the initial IL-4 in vivo is still elusive. In this report, we describe the anatomical localization as well as the identity of IL-4-producing cells in human tonsil, a representative secondary lymphoid organ. We demonstrate that IL-4 production is a normal and intrinsic feature of germinal center (GC) B cells. We also show that expression of IL-4 is highly confined to the GCs, in which the B cells constitute the prevalent cellular source. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analysis of colon mucosa reveals a strikingly similar pattern of IL-4-expressing cells compared with tonsils, demonstrating that IL-4 production from GC B cells is not a unique feature of the upper respiratory tract. Our results show that GCs provide the most appropriate microenvironment for IL-4-dependent Th2 polarization in vivo and imply a critical role for GC B cells in this differentiation process.
An Accurate Solution Procedure for Calculation of Voltage Flicker Components

Voltage flicker is one of many serious power quality disturbances, which would deteriorate the stability and operation efficiency of a power system. Effective evaluation of flicker severity plays an important role in the monitoring and control of developing advanced metering infrastructure. Since the evaluation process for voltage flicker is complicated, some inaccurate intermediate results may give rise to the propagation of estimation errors. Therefore, an accurate solution procedure for the calculation of voltage flicker components is proposed in this paper. With the extraction technique for envelope signal and high-frequency resolution mechanism for flicker spectral analysis, the superior performance to achieve the instantaneous flicker severity evaluation can be obtained.
Dynamic interfacial behavior of viscoelastic aqueous hyaluronic acid: effects of molecular weight, concentration and interfacial velocity.

An aqueous hyaluronic acid (HA(aq)) pericellular coat, when mediating the tactile aspect of cellular contact inhibition, has three tasks: interface formation, mechanical signal transmission and interface separation. To quantify the interfacial adhesive behavior of HA(aq), we induce simultaneous interface formation and separation between HA(aq) and a model hydrophobic, hysteretic Si-SAM surface. While surface tension γ remains essentially constant, interface formation and separation depend greatly on concentration (5 ≤ C ≤ 30 mg mL(-1)), molecular weight (6 ≤ MW ≤ 2000 kDa) and interfacial velocity (0 ≤ V ≤ 3 mm s(-1)), each of which affect shear elastic and loss moduli G′ and G′′, respectively. Viscoelasticity dictates the mode of interfacial motion: wetting-dewetting, capillary necking, or rolling. Wetting-dewetting is quantified using advancing and receding contact angles θ(A) and θ(R), and the hysteresis between them, yielding data landscapes for each C above the [MW, V] plane. The landscape sizes, shapes, and curvatures disclose the interplay, between surface tension and viscoelasticity, which governs interfacial dynamics. Gel point coordinates modulus G and angular frequency ω appear to predict wetting-dewetting (G < 75 ω0.2), capillary necking (75 ω0.2 < G < 200 ω0.075) or rolling (G > 200ω0.075). Dominantly dissipative HA(aq) sticks to itself and distorts irreversibly before separating, while dominantly elastic HA(aq) makes contact and separates with only minor, reversible distortion. We propose the dimensionless number (G′V)/(ω(r)γ), varying from 10(-5) to 10(3) in this work, as a tool to predict the mode of interface formation-separation by relating interfacial kinetics with bulk viscoelasticity. Cellular contact inhibition may be thus aided or compromised by physiological or interventional shifts in [C, MW, V], and thus in (G′V)/(ω(r)γ), which affect both mechanotransduction and interfacial dynamics. These observations, understood in terms of physical properties, may be broadened to probe interfacial dynamics of other viscoelastic aqueous biopolymers.
The Impact of State Enterprise Zones on Urban Housing Markets

State-sponsored enterprise zones are a major economic development tool for over forty states. In many cases, the impact of these geographically targeted tax-based policies has never been evaluated. One roadblock to evaluation is the difficulty of controlling for the persistent effect of distressed local economic conditions while searching for possible programmatic effects. We examine the impact of enterprise zone programs on a variety of local economic growth rates in Florida, Pennsylvania and Virginia. We focus on housing prices because they capitalize expected long run changes in prosperity. We find that the states established zones in very distressed areas. The housing markets in zone areas are surprisingly strong following zone designation, in spite of continued weak income and employment growth. Estimates that distinguish the programmatic impact from differences arising due to pre-designation conditions indicate that two of the programs stimulated housing demand as measured by increases in home ownership and occupancy rates. However, the programs’ negative impact on labor market conditions offset the increased demand, causing housing prices to remain stable. JEL Classification Codes: R5, O1, H2
Video Monitoring of Honey Bee Colonies at the Hive Entrance

The flight activity of a honey bee colony is an important indicator of its strength and condition. We propose the use of video sensing to monitor arrivals and departures at the hive entrance. We describe the challenges of tracking and counting bees visually in the uncontrolled outdoor environment of an apiary, and detail a hardware platform and software algorithms we have developed to meet many of those challenges. Finally, we discuss our preparations for rigorously evaluating the proposed monitoring system and describe early results.
Interconnected Large-Scale Systems for Three Fundamental Cognitive Tasks Revealed by Functional MRI

The specific brain areas required to execute each of three fundamental cognitive tasks-objects naming, same-different discrimination, and integer computation-are determined by whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using a novel techinque sptimized for the isolation of neurocognitive systems. This technique (1) conjoins the activity associated with identical or nearly identical tasks performed in multiple sensory modalities (conjunction) and (2) isolates the activity conserved across multiple subjects (conservation). Cortical regions isolated by this technique are, thus, presumedassociated with cognitive functions that are both distinguished from primary sensory processes and from individual differences. The object-naming system consisted of four brain areas: left inferior frontal gyrus, Brodmann's areas (BAs) 45 and 44; left superior temporal gyrus, BA 22; and left medical frontal gyrus, BA 6. The same-different discrimination system consisted for three brain areas: right inferior parietal labule, BA 40; right precentral gyrus, BA 6; and left medial frontal gyrus, BA 6. The integer computation system consisted of five brain area: right middle frontal gyrus, BA 6; right preecentral gyrus, BA 6; left inferior parietal lobule, BA 40; left inferior frontal gyrus, BA 44; and left medial frontal gyrus, BA 6. All three neurocognitive systems shared one common cortical region, the left medial frontal gyrus, the object-naming and integer computation systems shared the left inferior frontal gyrus, and the integer computation and same-different dicrimination systems shared the right precetral gyrus. These results are consistent with connectionist models of cognitive processes where specific sets of remote brain areas are assumed to be transiently bound together as functional units to enable these functions, and further suggest a superorganization of neurocognitive systems where single brain areas serve as elemets of multiple functional systems.
Combat-incurred bilateral transfemoral limb loss: A comparison of the Vietnam War to the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq

BACKGROUND This study is a comparison of the self-reported health status, quality of life, function, and prosthetic use of veterans with bilateral transfemoral limb loss following combat injury in either the Vietnam War or the recent conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, to learn what improvements in surgery, prosthetics, and rehabilitation have occurred. METHODS Subjects were identified from Veteran’s Administration and military databases. A cross-sectional survey was conducted of service members with bilateral transfemoral amputation who participated in a larger survey of service members with any type of amputation associated with a battlefield injury from the Vietnam War or Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF). The survey was conducted by mail, telephone, or Web site during 2007 to 2008. RESULTS There were 501 subjects in the Vietnam group and 541 in the OIF/OEF group with any type of limb loss. Bilateral transfemoral amputation was reported in 23 (7.7%) of 298 of the Vietnam group and 10 (3.5%) of 283 of the OIF/OEF group (&khgr;2 test, p = 0.04). Self-reported health status was rated as good to excellent in 40% of the Vietnam group and 80% in the OIF/OEF group (p = 0.04). Quality of life was rated as good to excellent in 54.6% of the Vietnam group and 70% of the OIF/OEF group (not significant). Wheelchair use is reported by 22 of 23 subjects in the Vietnam group and all of the subjects of the OIF/OEF group. Of the Vietnam group, 8 (34.7%) of 23 currently use prostheses versus 7 (70%) of 10 of the OIF/OEF group (&khgr;2 test, p = 0.13). The mean (SD) number of prostheses currently used is 1.0 (1.9) for the Vietnam group and 4.0 (5.2) for the OIF/OEF group (p = 0.022). CONCLUSION Participants who served in OIF/OEF and those who served in Vietnam report comparable quality of life. Prosthetic use continues to be a problem, especially as the service member ages. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiologic study, level III.
Performance estimation of embedded applications on microcontrollers

This paper extends our previous work on the source-code level energy consumption estimation with emphasis on more precise performance estimation. In this work we present results for three mainstream microcontrollers with different architectures. Our proposed methodology lies in measuring each C operation's execution time therefore creating a measurement accurate performance models for the microcontrollers. The higher precision for the estimates in this work is achieved by introducing a model for loops and hence improving the results both for nested loops and also for operations. As a result we show that the performance estimation method is applicable on most cases with estimation difference between −1% to 7.5%.
New tapered slot vivaldi antenna for UWB applications

A Simulation of a small sized antipodal Vivaldi antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications is presented in this paper. By using commercial electromagnetic simulation software CST Microwave, some parameters like return loss (S11), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), radiation pattern has been performed to test the validity of simulation and verify eligibility of the antenna for UWB systems. The antenna design with dimensions of 58×60 mm achieves satisfactory impedance matching and radiation across the frequency band from 2.14 to 11.33 GHz with more than 136% fractional bandwidth.
Infection of Bone and Joint by Salmonellae

no ftutheriinfections. The arthritis has not been unusually troublesome. The physical findings were unchanged. Blood counts (Fig. 1) showed a total number of white cells which was normal (between 6,000 and 8.000), but the percentage of polymorphs was often low, ranging between 20 and 60%. The number of polymorphs, however, was always above 1,500 per c.mm. The sternal marrow on June 21 was normal, with a myeloid/erythroid ratio of 5.5 :1. The prolapse was repaired by Mr. Arthure on June 21. Convalescence was interrupted by a respiratory infection, a burst abdomen, congestive heart failure, and an axillary vein thrombosis. However, she overcame these complications and left hospital.on August 28. When last seen, in Juine, 1957, she was well, apart from mild rheumatoid arthritis, and her blood count was normal.
Coding potential of laboratory and clinical strains of human cytomegalovirus

Six strains of human cytomegalovirus have been sequenced, including two laboratory strains (AD169 and Towne) that have been extensively passaged in fibroblasts and four clinical isolates that have been passaged to a limited extent in the laboratory (Toledo, FIX, PH, and TR). All of the sequenced viral genomes have been cloned as infectious bacterial artificial chromosomes. A total of 252 ORFs with the potential to encode proteins have been identified that are conserved in all four clinical isolates of the virus. Multiple sequence alignments revealed substantial variation in the amino acid sequences encoded by many of the conserved ORFs.
Role of Schlafen 2 (SLFN2) in the Generation of Interferon α-induced Growth Inhibitory Responses*

The precise STAT-regulated gene targets that inhibit cell growth and generate the antitumor effects of Type I interferons (IFNs) remain unknown. We provide evidence that Type I IFNs regulate expression of Schlafens (SLFNs), a group of genes involved in the control of cell cycle progression and growth inhibitory responses. Using cells with targeted disruption of different STAT proteins and/or the p38 MAP kinase, we demonstrate that the IFN-dependent expression of distinct Schlafen genes is differentially regulated by STAT complexes and the p38 MAP kinase pathway. We also provide evidence for a key functional role of a member of the SLFN family, SLFN2, in the induction of the growth-suppressive effects of IFNs. This is shown in studies demonstrating that knockdown of SLFN2 enhances hematopoietic progenitor colony formation and reverses the growth-suppressive effects of IFNα on normal hematopoietic progenitors. Importantly, NIH3T3 or L929 cells with stable knockdown of SLFN2 form more colonies in soft agar, implicating this protein in the regulation of anchorage-independent growth. Altogether, our data implicate SLFN2 as a negative regulator of the metastatic and growth potential of malignant cells and strongly suggest a role for the SLFN family of proteins in the generation of the antiproliferative effects of Type I IFNs.
On multiple precision based Montgomery multiplication without precomputation of N'/sub 0/=-N/sub 0//sup -1/ mod W

An efficient implementation of modular exponentiation, i.e., the main building block of many public key cryptographic devices, is achieved by algorithmic optimization of the Montgomery modular multiplication algorithm based on multiple precision such that pre-computation of N'/sub 0/=-N/sub 0//sup -1/ mod W can be avoided. This can be attained by modifications of the multiplier used.