Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vortex rings impinging on permeable boundaries

Experiments with vortex rings impinging permeable and solid boundaries are presented in order to investigate the influence of permeability. Utilizing Particle Image Velocimetry, we compared the behaviour of a vortex ring impinging four different reticulated foams (with permeability k ∼ 26 − 85 × 10−8 m2) and a solid boundary. Results show how permeability affects the stretching phenomena of the vortex ring and the formation and evolution of the secondary vortex ring with opposite sign. Moreover, permeability also affects the macroscopic no-slip boundary condition found on the solid boundary, turning it into an apparent slip boundary condition for the most permeable boundary. The apparent slip-boundary condition and the flux exchange between the ambient fluid and the foam are jointly responsible for both the modified formation of the secondary vortex and changes on the vortex ring diameter increase.
Defining and Interpreting Professional Knowledge in an Age of Performativity: a Scottish Case-Study

This paper will argue that by considering in detail the Scottish Standard for Initial Teacher Education [SITE] (Quality Assurance Agency [QAA], 2000), the foundation document of the teaching profession in Scotland, a model exists that synthesises the positions of those involved in education who support a “technical-rational” position and others who support a “values” discourse. The paper will consider how the authors of SITE were affected by the contextual factors of policy and epistemology. Literary methods of reading will be used to show that SITE defines professional knowledge as being dynamic, intellectual, personal, developmental, research-informed and achieved in synthesis and it will be argued that the success of this definition lies in the breadth of these categories rather than in the enumeration of unwieldy lists of competences
Loss and Other-Regarding Preferences: Evidence From Dictator Game

The paper aims at studying other-regarding preferences of decision makers in the domain of losses. For this purpose the framework of the Dictator Game is adopted, with two research questions under investigation. First, how will the dictator divide the pie with an anonymous recipient, after a bi-directional loss of equal amount? Second, how will the dictator divide the pie with a poor recipient from a third world country after a bidirectional loss, where the loss of the recipient is bigger than that of the dictator? Interestingly, the data illustrate that other-regarding motives of the dictators do not vanish in any of the treatments in which losses are introduced. The results are explained from the perspective of power-dependence relationship between the dictator and the recipient (Handgraaf et al., 2008, van Dijk and Vermunt, 2000).
Vorticity generation and conservation for two-dimensional interfaces and boundaries

Abstract The generation, redistribution and, importantly, conservation of vorticity and circulation is studied for incompressible Newtonian fluids in planar and axisymmetric geometries. A generalised formulation of the vorticity at the interface between two fluids for both no-slip and stress-free conditions is presented. Illustrative examples are provided for planar Couette flow, Poiseuille flow, the spin-up of a circular cylinder, and a cylinder below a free surface. For the last example, it is shown that, although large imbalances between positive and negative vorticity appear in the wake, the balance is found in the vortex sheet representing the stress-free surface.
Ant Colony Optimization with Genetic Operations

This paper attempts to overcome stagnation problem of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithms. Stagnation is undesirable state which occurs at a later phases of the search process. Excessive pheromone values attract more ants and make further exploration hardly possible. This problem has been addressed by Genetic operations (GO) incorporated into ACO framework. Crossover and mutation operations have been adapted for use with ant generated strings which still have to provide feasible solutions. Genetic operations decrease selection pressure and increase probability of finding the global optimum. Extensive simulation tests were made in order to determine influence of genetic operation on algorithm performance.
Assessing the importance of land and marine sources of organic matter to kelp forest food webs

We used stable isotope analysis to investigate the relative importance of marine and ter- restrial sources of organic matter to the food web of 4 nearshore reefs in the Santa Barbara Channel (California, USA) over a 4 yr period that included substantial variability in the availability of marine and terrestrial organic matter. We measured stable C and N isotope values of ocean- and land- derived sources of organic matter and of different types of consumers on reefs that varied in exposure to freshwater runoff and in biomass of giant kelp. δ 13 C values of suspended particulate organic mat- ter (POM) on reefs tended to decrease following periods of significant rainfall at the reef most influ- enced by freshwater runoff, to increase with phytoplankton standing crop at all reefs, and generally to decline in both wet and dry years in late fall-early winter at all reefs. Stable isotope values of reef consumers indicated little direct use of terrestrially-derived POM. However, a pattern of 15 N-enrich- ment in 2 common benthic-feeding species, the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and the annelid Diopatra ornata, with increasing influence of runoff indicated that terrestrially-derived nitro- gen may enter the food web indirectly through a trophic intermediate (e.g. microbes, algae). The importance of giant kelp to the reef food web varied with consumer feeding mode. In contrast to pre- vious studies, δ 13 C values suggested little use of kelp-derived material by suspension-feeders, based on the similarity in isotope values of these consumers among reefs when kelp biomass was low, and the absence of a directional shift in isotope values that would indicate the use of more 13 C-enriched kelp when kelp biomass was higher at 2 of the reefs. However, isotope values for herbivores were generally 13 C-enriched relative to suspension-feeders, reflecting the use of local giant kelp or other 13 C-enriched benthic algal production. Thus, spatial and temporal fluctuations in the biomass of giant kelp would be least likely to impact the food resources of suspension-feeders and have greatest effect on benthic herbivores.
Search delegation, synthesists and expertise on social media

Background. Social media often adds a layer of intermediation between sources and information consumer, with users outsourcing some of the information work to others. Social media “synthesists” have been identified as a group of volunteer information providers fulfilling this role. Approach. Through a review of evidence from philosophy, information science and knowledge management, this paper explores the implications of cognitive outsourcing, presents quality standards for synthesis and asks how well synthesists meet these. In the process, the role of intermediary is discussed, along with the non-specialist status of the synthesist. Results. Findings show that social media synthesists fulfil a useful role and that their importance in terms of knowledge translation is clear. While their synthesis quality may fall far short of LIS standards, there are a number of ways that some quality issues can be addressed, including the involvement of the information profession itself on the same social platforms. Contribution. Through a comparison of synthesis best practice with current informal information behaviour on social media, the paper draws attention to quality issues and new opportunities to address them. This represents an attempt to identify ways to bridge formal and emerging, informal information markets.
Measurement of the beam energy spread in the TTF photo-injector

At the TESLA Test Facility (TTF) linac the required high peak current for FEL operation is achieved by compressing the beam longitudinally in a magnetic chicane. The peak current after the chicane is determined by the residual energy spread of the electron bunch which is produced by an rf photo-injector. By residual energy spread we refer to the energy spread of a temporal slice of the bunch which can not be compensated by any time dependent energy modulation. To determine the energy distribution, an improved optical system has been implemented to image the beam at an OTR-station after a spectrometer dipole. In this paper the results of the beam profile measurements are presented and compared to particle tracking simulations. It is shown that the residual energy spread in the injector on in order of a few keV only, even at bunch charges of 4 nC.
Origins of Model–Data Discrepancies in Optimal Fingerprinting

Abstract Two approaches to distinguishing anthropogenic greenhouse gas and sulfate aerosol signals in the observed surface temperature record are compared. Both rely on a variant of general regression called “optimal fingerprinting. ” One approach is equivalent to a stepwise regression procedure estimating, first, a greenhouse gas signal and, in a second step, the sulfate aerosol signal. This is different from multiple regression, under which both signals are estimated simultaneously and treated symmetrically. The stepwise regression approach is a more powerful means of detecting greenhouse gas influence in the presence of a small and possibly poorly simulated sulfate aerosol signal. However, when both signals are of comparable size, multiple regression provides estimates of the amplitude of the greenhouse and sulfate responses that are, in principle, independent of each other, making it generally simpler to interpret. It is shown that there is a simple linear transform relating the stepwise and multiple r.
Controlled Release of Propanolol Hydrochloride Drug from Cyanoethylstarch Hydrogel

Cyanoethylation of starch has been carried out by the reaction of starch with acrylonitrile in basic medium. The prepared polymer has been characterized by IR spectroscopy. The gelation of raw material (starch) and modified Starch (cyanoethylstarch) according to the equilibrium %swelling degree has been investigated in different media (distilled water, n-saline and buffer solution PH=2). Cyanoethylstarch (CES) shows higher uptake of water compared with starch, suggests more hydrophilicity. In vitro Controlled release of (PHCl : Propanolol hydrochloride) drug from (CES) hydrogel were studied in three different media (distilled water, n-saline and buffer solution PH=2) using ultra violate absorption follow quantities released at different times.The concentrations of drug released increased gradually and then attain affixed value at certain drug load.
Is carbohydrate mouth rinsing a novel approach to maintain exercise performance during Ramadan fasting

About a decade ago, carbohydrate mouth rinsing was shown to enhance endurance exercise performance. This improvement was more pronounced in a fasted compared to a fed state, suggesting that the ergogenic effect of carbohydrate mouth rinse is dependent on endogenous carbohydrate storage. Hence, indirectly highlights the potential use of carbohydrate mouth rinse as a potential strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of exercise during Ramadan fasting. To date, only one study has been carried out to explore the potential benefit of carbohydrate mouth rinse on exercise performance during Ramadan fasting. This single observation showed that a 10-km time trial performance was enhanced when performing mouth rinsing with either a carbohydrate or a placebo solution as compared with not performing mouth rinsing. While one study had acknowledged that the practice of mouth rinsing do have a positive effect on exercise performance during Ramadan fasting, future studies is warranted in order to have a better understanding on the underlying mechanisms associated with carbohydrate mouth rinsing during Ramadan fasting.
EVALUATION OF ANTIBODY RESPONSE AND ANTIGENIC CHARACTERIZATION OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII IN EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED PRIMATES (AVALIAÇÃO DA RESPOSTA DE ANTICORPOS E CARACTERIZAÇÃO ANTIGÊNICA DO TOXOPLASMA GONDII EM PRIMATAS EXPERIMENTALMENTE INFECTADOS) (EVALUACIÓN DE LA RESPUESTA DE ANTICUERPOS Y C

This study investigated the presence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in experimentally infected New World primates, by means of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG and IgM, and the pattern of polypeptide recognition using Western-blotting. Seven days after infection all primates yielded positive results in both ELISA-IgG and ELISA-IgM. Western blotting documented four major polypeptides with apparent molecular weight of 160, 120, 80 and 3530 kDa. The 35-30 kDa polypeptide was identified by antibodies from all infected primates and should be further evaluated for use in specific diagnosis of T. gondii infection.
The azimuthal extent of three flux transfer events

In early 2006, the Cluster spacecraft crossed the dayside magnetopause twice each orbit with the spacecraft at their largest separation of the entire mission (~10 000 km). In this paper, we present in situ observations at this separation size of flux transfer events (FTEs), which are a signature of transient or time-varying magnetopause reconnection. We study a magnetopause crossing on 27 January 2006; for half an hour, the tetrahedron of Cluster spacecraft straddled the magnetopause and during this time a large number of flux transfer events were observed. Three particular FTEs were observed by all four spacecraft, enabling it to be shown that individual FTEs at the magnetopause can extend azimuthally for at least 10 000 km. By combining the Cluster tetrahedron geometry with the observed velocity of the FTEs, it can be shown that the poleward extent of one FTE is significantly smaller than its azimuthal extent. The location of the Cluster spacecraft when they observed this FTE suggests that it is inconsistent with the simple interpretation of an "elbow-shaped" flux tube. The FTE's azimuthal extent suggests that it was more likely generated at a comparatively long reconnection line or lines, although the magnetic shear across the magnetopause is not high enough to exclude the "elbow-shaped" model entirely.
Comparative analysis of multiple target tracking methods

Many applications such as intelligent transportation, video surveillance, robotics of computer vision mainly depend on task of multiple object tracking. It includes the process of detection, classifications and tracking. The main focus of the study is to develop an efficient and effective multiple target tracking methods to solve the issues of illumination changes, occlusions and affinity matching. Accordingly, the various multiple target tracking methods are tested and evaluated using the metrics on publicly available datasets from which it is obvious that the outcome of the global energy minimization and optimization techniques is comparatively better than any other existing techniques in all aspects. This comparative study work will also help in better understanding of the problem, knowledge of the methods and experimental evaluation skill for further research works.
THE MOTHER’S ROLE IN HEALTH CONSCIOUS CONSUMER SOCIALIZATION OF CHILDREN

In our research we were searching for a correlation between childhood obesity and the mother’s body shape and lifestyle. Using the Cramer’s V co-efficient, we have examined the relationship between the body shape according to BMI and the one judged by the respondent mothers. The results do not reflect the actuality in Hungary. The Cramer’s V coefficient, which measures the correlation between body shape according to BMI and the judged data of mothers were moderate: 0.519 which means that the respondents were not able to pinpoint their own exact BMI and body shape. Body shape of children supposed by mothers was also not accurate. The same tendency applies in the care of children’s supposed body shape judged by their mothers. According to our research, we can state that body type of mothers exercises influence on body shape of children. Level of influence depends on the age of children (3.6 – 8.5%).
NEAR: A Partner to Explain Any Factorised Recommender System

Many explainable recommender systems construct explanations of the recommendations these models produce, but it continues to be a di cult problem to explain to a user why an item was recommended by these high-dimensional latent factor models. In this work, We propose a technique that joint interpretations into recommendation training to make accurate predictions while at the same time learning to produce recommendations which have the most explanatory utility to the user. Our evaluation shows that we can jointly learn to make accurate and meaningful explanations with only a small sacri ce in recommendation accuracy. We also develop a new algorithm to measure explanation delity for the interpretation of top-n rankings. We prove that our approach can form the basis of a universal approach to explanation generation in recommender systems.
Color Clustered Multiple-input Multiple-output Visible Light Communication

A novel color clustered optical RGB multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is presented. As visible light can be divided into three primary regions of red, green and blue, data can be modulated and transmitted separately using these three color clusters. Each color cluster comprised of 30 RGB LEDs is modulated using on-off-keying (OOK), and selection combining is performed at the receiver, producing a diversity effect within that color cluster. The simulations demonstrate that the proposed RGB MIMO VLC system provides high performance via a relatively simple design of MIMO. Moreover, the proposed system ensures sufficient illumination from LEDs and offers extended distance if more LEDs are applied.
A Taxonomy of Network and Computer Attack Methodologies

Since the invention of computers and networks, people have found various ways to attack them. Attacks over the years have ranged from using a sledge hammer on a computer, to advanced distributed denial of service attacks. This research focuses on computer and network attacks and providing a taxonomy of them. This is to help combat new attacks, improve computer and network security and to provide consistency in language when describing attacks. A wide range of computer and network attacks are examined to provide both a survey of the field and to provide a basis on which to build the proposed taxonomy. The proposed taxonomy consists of four dimensions which provide a holistic taxonomy and to deal with inherent problems in the computer and network attack field. The first dimension covers the attack vector and the main behaviour of the attack. The second dimension allows for classification of the attack targets. Vulnerabilities are classified in the third dimension and payloads in the fourth. The taxonomy is briefly evaluated and is found to work well, with a few areas that could be improved.
Non Uniform Generation of Combinatorial Objects

In this article we present a method to generate random objects from a large variety of combinatorial classes according to a given distribution. Given a description of the combinatorial class and a set of sample data our method will provide an algorithm that generates objects of size n in worst-case runtime O(n^2) (O(n log(n)) can be achieved at the cost of a higher average-case runtime), with the generated objects following a distribution that closely matches the distribution of the sample data.
How good gets better and bad gets worse: measuring the face of emotion

Given the history of the past, black South African students from different settings face unique academic and emotional climate. Using the Differential Emotions Scale (DES) which focuses on ten discrete emotions, and building upon Boyle’s (1984) seminal work, this study reports a repeated-measure multiple discriminant function analysis for individual items across raters. The findings further indicate that majority of the DES items are sensitive indicators of the different innate and universal facial expressions. However, the construct requires revision so that it offers the examiner maximum flexibility in assessment at diverse levels, in terms of more extensive norming and programmatic replication. In brief, the DES potentially has much to offer provided that it is adequately developed for use in non-Western nations or contexts.
easter egg Hydrodynamic transport in strongly coupled disordered quantum field theories

We compute direct current (dc) thermoelectric transport coefficients in strongly coupled quantum field theories without long lived quasiparticles, at finite temperature and charge density, and disordered on long wavelengths compared to the length scale of local thermalization. Many previous transport computations in strongly coupled systems are interpretable hydrodynamically, despite formally going beyond the hydrodynamic regime. This includes momentum relaxation times previously derived by the memory matrix formalism, and nonperturbative holographic results; in the latter case, this is subject to some important subtleties. Our formalism may extend some memory matrix computations to higher orders in the perturbative disorder strength, as well as give valuable insight into non-perturbative regimes. Strongly coupled metals with quantum critical contributions to transport generically transition between coherent and incoherent metals as disorder strength is increased at fixed temperature, analogous to mean field holographic treatments of disorder. From a condensed matter perspective, our theory generalizes the resistor network approximation, and associated variational techniques, to strongly interacting systems where momentum is long lived.