Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Degree-day phenology of San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock and assessment of its predator, Chilocorus bijugus Mulsant in Kashmir orchard ecosystem.

The San Jose scale overwintered in black cap stage in Kashmir apple orchards. The overwintered nymphs started development at silver-tip stage of apple growth in the first week of March. The spring male emergence which resulted from overwintering black caps began at 285 degree-days (DD) at a base of 51°F (10.5°C) and occurred at completion of petal fall of Red Delicious. This could be used as “biofix” for timing the succeeding phenological events of San Jose scale. First generation crawlers emerged at 534 DD in the last week of May and peaked within 10 days. The males of summer generation were observed at 1277 DD and the second generation crawlers emerged beyond 1357 DD. The winged males were again observed at 2529 DD followed by the emergence of partial third generation crawlers past 2740 DD. The common ladybird beetle, Chilocorus bijugus Muls. was observed to be an effective and predominant predator of San Jose scale which passed three generations along with its host. It was also observed that the development of this predator corresponded to the development of San Jose scale and has got well established in the orchard ecosystem.
Permittivity Estimation of Subsurface Deposits in the Elysium–Utopia Region on Mars with MRO Shallow Radar Sounder Data

Dielectric properties of the subsurface layers provide important clues to material compositions beneath the surface. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Shallow Radar (SHARAD) observed clear subsurface reflections in the Elysium–Utopia region, where morphological features such as impact craters with rampart ejecta suggest the possible presence of volatiles, but the permittivity of the subsurface unit beneath the surface strata has not been derived yet to provide independent evidence for or against the presence of water ice. In this paper, we employed a three-layer model consisting a surface mantling layer (layer I), a shallow subsurface layer (layer II), and a deep subsurface layer (layer III) to invert the permittivity of layer III, which considers the surface roughness and attenuation of radar waves in layer II. The obtained permittivity and loss tangent in the study region confirm that the materials of layer II are dense basaltic flows. Then, the permittivity of layer III is derived as 2.6 ± 0.9, suggesting that subsurface water ice may be present, or a layer of dry and low-density deposits exists beneath the basalt layer. The hypothesis could be further tested by the ground-penetrating radar of China’s first Martian mission, to be launched in 2020. Our results also show that the surface mantling layer included in the model is essential in the calculation of permittivity values.
Particle–Continuum Coupling and its Scaling Regimes: Theory and Applications

This work is motivated by the goal of designing simulation software for technical devices that, at their functional core, rely on atomistic‐scale processes embedded in a larger‐scale fluid environment. The core of the problem is the conceptual and technical approach for coupling particle and continuum representations of a fluid. The state of the art for key aspects including physical modeling, mathematical formalization, computational implementation, and applications, is discussed and organized in a consistent picture across the relevant physical regimes.
Zebrafish in Biomedical Research

Zebrafish (ZF) is an incredible animal for the study of neurological disorders. Its behaviour is like higher vertebrate animals, which makes it gainful and robust. Understanding the psychological and biological implications of housing settings for ZFs is very crucial in improving the replicability and dependability of ZF behavioural research. Individual housing triggers depression-like symptoms that suggest that housing conditions have negative effects on ZF and can result in the data discrepancy. Based on various behavioural analyses, we have evaluated that the ZFs kept in isolation and the ZFs kept in herd conditions exhibit different behavioural patterns. Interestingly, normal isolated subjects exhibit similar behavioural patterns as Alzheimer disease (AD)-induced subjects; hence, this can have serious implications on any study concerning behaviour of ZFs. Therefore, we have reported a new behavioural test named “Alarm Test”, which effectively discriminates normal isolated subjects from AD subjects. Alarm Test is observed to be better than other tests used for studying fear and anxiety in ZFs as it uses the indigenous compound released by ZFs during fear and makes use of the same for analysis. This can reduce the involvement of chemicals during behavioural analysis as well as sacrifice of ZFs for collection of alarm substance.
Photoprotective strategies in overwintering rhododendrons

Evergreen rhododendrons (Rhododendron L.) are important woody landscape plants in many temperate zones. During winters, leaves of these plants frequently are exposed to a combination of cold temperatures, high radiation, and reduced photosynthetic activity, conditions that render them vulnerable to photooxidative damage. In addition, these plants are shallow-rooted and thus susceptible to leaf desiccation when soils are frozen. In this study, the potential adaptive significance of leaf morphology and anatomy in two contrasting Rhododendron species was investigated. R. catawbiense Michx. (native to eastern U.S.) exhibits thermonasty (leaf drooping and curling at subfreezing temperatures) and is more winter hardy (leaf freezing tolerance, LT50 of containerized plants ≈ –35 °C), while R. ponticum L. (native to central Asia) is less hardy (LT50 ≈ –16 °C), and non-thermonastic. Thermonasty may function as a light and/or desiccation avoidance strategy in rhododendrons. Microscopic results revealed that R. ponticum has significantly thicker leaf blades but thinner cuticle than R. catawbiense. There is one layer of upper epidermis and three layers of palisade mesophyll in R. catawbiense compared to two distinct layers of upper epidermis and two layers of palisade mesophyll in R. ponticum. We suggest that the additional layer of upper epidermis in R. ponticum and thicker cuticle and extra palisade layer in R. catawbiense represent structural adaptations for reducing light injury in leaves and could serve a photoprotective function in winter when leaf photochemistry is generally sluggish. Results also indicate that although stomatal density of R. ponticum is higher than that of R. catawbiense leaves, the overall opening of stomatal pores per unit leaf area (an integrated
Internationalisation Opportunity Creation (and Exploitation) in an Emerging Market: An Investigation of Digital Intensive Firms and Cultural Intensive Firms

Over the past few decades, Indonesia has shown significant economic growth, similar to other emerging markets. However, emerging markets such as Indonesia are not well understood with limited research related to business practices from an international entrepreneurship perspective. This study investigates international entrepreneurship through the lens of effectuation toidentify the differences and similarities between more mature internationalization markets and emerging markets such as Indonesia. The study uses an exploratory multiple case study methodology to better understand this international entrepreneurial phenomenon within Indonesia. Ten cases are used with in-depth interviews from international entrepreneurs to distinguish digital intensive firms internationalizing from culturally based firms internationalizing,to gain insights about modern Indonesia and their international entrepreneurs. The findings highlight some significant changes due to the digitalization of the international business landscape.For example, the study finds distinct characteristics and patterns of behavior international entrepreneurs in digital intensive firms compared to international entrepreneurs in firms more strongly based on cultural artefacts and crafts.These findings highlight the importance of a continual process of evaluation of international entrepreneurs in emerging markets such as Indonesia are altering their business practices in unprecedented ways.
The oldest hyolithids (Cambrian Series 2, Montezuman Stage) from the Iapetan margin of Laurentia

Abstract. The recent description of the nevadioid trilobite Buenellus chilhoweensis Webster and Hageman, 2018 established the presence of early Cambrian Montezuman Stage (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3) faunas in the Murray Shale of Chilhowee Mountain, Tennessee. The description recognized the oldest known age-diagnostic Cambrian trilobite from the Laurentian margin of the former Iapetus Ocean since Buenellus Blaker, 1988 is known otherwise only from the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte on the Innuitian margin of North Greenland. The bivalved arthropods Isoxys chilhoweanus Walcott, 1890 and Indota tennesseensis (Resser, 1938a) have also been described from the Murray Shale, but hyolithids appear to be the dominant body fossils in terms of diversity and abundance. Although poorly preserved, the hyolithids occurring together with Buenellus chilhoweensis are described to improve understanding of the Murray Shale biota. The hyolith assemblages of the Murray Shale and Sirius Passet Lagerstätte are not closely similar, although the poor preservation of both hinders comparison.
Algorithms for Computing the WCRT Bound of OpenMP Task Systems With Conditional Branches

Multi-cores are becoming mainstream hardware platforms for embedded and real-time systems. To fully utilize the processing capacity of multi-cores, software should be parallelized. Recently, much work has been done on real-time scheduling of parallel tasks modeled as directed acyclic graphs (DAG), motivated by the parallel task structures supported by popular parallel programming frameworks such as OpenMP. The DAG-based task models in existing real-time scheduling research assume well-nested graph structures recursively composed by single-source-single-sink parallel and conditional components. However, realistic OpenMP task systems in general have more flexible structures that do not comply with those assumptions. In this article, we model the behavior of general OpenMP task systems with non-well-nested structures. The worst-case response time analysis problem for such systems is more difficult due to the flexible graph structure. As the major technical contribution, we develop two efficient algorithms to compute the worst-case response time bounds, with different trade-offs between efficiency and precision. Evaluation with both randomly generated task graphs and realistic OpenMP programs shows good performance of our approaches in terms of both precision and efficiency.
Machine-Learning Mesoscale and Submesoscale Surface Dynamics from Lagrangian Ocean Drifter Trajectories

Lagrangian ocean drifters provide highly accurate approximations of ocean surface currents but are sparsely located across the globe. As drifters passively follow ocean currents, there is minimal control on where they will be making measurements, providing limited temporal coverage for a given region. Complementary Eulerian velocity data are available with global coverage but are themselveslimited by the spatial and temporal resolution possible with satellite altimetry measurements. In addition, altimetry measurements approximate geostrophic components of ocean currents but neglect smaller submesoscale motions and require smoothing and interpolation from raw satellite track measurements. In an effort to harness the rich dynamics available in ocean drifter datasets, we have trained a recurrent neural network on the time history of drifter motion to minimize the error in a reduced-order Maxey–Riley drifter model. This approach relies on a slow-manifold approximation to determine the most mathematically relevant variables with which to train, subsequently improving the temporal and spatial resolution of the underlying velocity field. By adding this neural-network component, we also correct drifter trajectories near submesoscale features missed by deterministic models using only satellite and wind reanalysis data. The effect of varying similarity between training and testing trajectory datasets for the blended model was evaluated, as was the effect of seasonality in the Gulf of Mexico.
Exploring the Relationship Between Campaign Discourse on Facebook and the Public’s Comments: A Case Study of Incivility During the 2016 US Presidential Election

Social media is now ubiquitously used by political campaigns, but less attention has been given to public discussions that take place on candidates’ free public accounts on social media. Also unclear is whether there is a relationship between campaign messaging and the tone of public comments. To address this gap, this article analyzes public comments on Facebook accounts of candidates Trump and Clinton during the US election presidential debates in 2016. We hypothesize that attack messages posted by the candidates predict uncivil reactions by the public and that the public is more likely to be uncivil when attacking candidates. We use content analysis, supervised machine learning, and text mining to analyze candidates’ posts and public comments. Our results suggest that Clinton was the target of substantially more uncivil comments. Negative messages by the candidates are not associated with incivility by the public, but comments are significantly more likely to be uncivil when the public is attacking candidates. These results suggest that the public discourse around political campaigns might be less affected by what campaigns post on social media than by the public’s own perceptions and feelings toward the candidates.
Effects of human presence on the long‐term trends of migrant and resident shorebirds: evidence of local population declines

This study examines the responses to human presence of the most abundant shorebird species in an important coastal migration staging area (Los Lances Beach, southern Spain). Long‐term census data were used to assess the relationship between bird abundances and human densities and to determine population trends. In addition, changes in individual bird behaviour in relation to human presence were evaluated by direct observation of a shorebird resident species. Our results show that a rapid increase in the recreational use of the study area in summer has dramatically reduced the number of shorebirds and gulls which occur, limiting the capacity of the site as a post‐breeding stop‐over area. In addition, the presence of people at the beach significantly reduced the time that resident species spent consuming prey. Negative effects of human presence on bird abundance remain constant over the study period, showing no habituation to human disturbance in any of the studied species. Moreover, although intense human disturbance at Los Lances Beach occurs mainly in summer, the human presence observed is sufficient to have a negative impact on the long‐term trends of a resident shorebird species. The impacts of disturbance detected on shorebirds and gulls may be reversible through management actions that decrease human presence. We suggest a minimum distance of 80 m for any track or walkway from those areas where shorebirds are usually present, particularly during spring and summer, as well as an appropriate fencing in the most sensitive area.
Robust fault estimation and fault tolerant control for three-motor web-winding systems

This paper studies the problems of fault estimation and fault tolerant control for three-motor web-winding systems in the presence of multiple disturbances and actuator faults. A disturbance compensation-based fault estimation observer is designed to estimate the system actuator faults. By setting the reference outputs, a method of obtaining equilibrium control inputs and equilibrium states is formulated to achieve the variation dynamic model at equilibrium points by Taylor expansion. Then, based on the estimated actuator faults, an effective fault tolerant control strategy is proposed by the methods of interval matrix and disturbance local compensation. Sufficient conditions of asymptotic stability of the estimation error system and the closed-loop system are derived based on the Lyapunov theory. Fault estimation observer and fault tolerant controller gain matrices are obtained by solving the linear matrix inequalities. Finally, simulations and analysis are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Comparative Study of Somatic Traits and Body Composition between Volleyball Players and Controls

The purpose of the study was to compare the somatic traits and body composition between volleyball players and controls. 48 young male subjects (volleyball players: N= 24&controls: N= 24) of age group 18-25 years were randomly selected from the different colleges affiliated to Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India. All the participants were assessed for height, weight, breadths, girths and skinfold thickness. The independent samples t-test revealed that volleyball players had significantly higher height (p<0.05), as compared to controls. The volleyball players were also found to have significantly greater lean body mass (p<0.01) and ectomorphic component (p<0.05) as compared to controls. Controls had significantly greater percent body fat and total body fat (p<0.05) as compared to volleyball players. The volleyball players of this study were found to have higher percentage body fat with lower body height and body weight than their international counterparts. Further investigations are needed on above studied variables along with fitness and physiological variables to assess relationship among them and with performance in volleyball. The findings of the present study might be useful in future investigation on player selection, talent identification in the game of volleyball and its training programme development.
High-Low-Epsilon Biaxial Anisotropic Lens for Enhanced Gain and Aperture Efficiency of a Linearly Polarized Antenna

This communication presents a high-low-epsilon (HLE) biaxial anisotropic lens for enhancing the gain of a linearly polarized antenna at 28 GHz. The theory and mechanism of gain enhancement using the biaxial anisotropic HLE lens is presented along with the realization of the HLE media using metamaterials (MTMs). First, the gain enhancement is studied using a microstrip patch antenna loaded with the HLE slab, and a peak gain of 13.9 dBi achieved with HLE slab in simulations. This gain enhancement is attributed to the special propagation properties of the waves in biaxial anisotropic media. The HLE media is practically realized using seven MTM layers stacked over each other and then loaded to the patch antenna and the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) fed aperture coupled patch antenna (ACPA) to verify the gain enhancement. The measurement results confirm realized peak gain of 13.71 and 13.67 dBi for patch and ACPAs, respectively. Both the antennas have an overall height of $0.65 {\lambda }_{{0}}$ , and the proposed technique results in aperture efficiencies greater than 97% and 94% for the two antennas, respectively, at 28 GHz.
Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis

1 Methods of Plant Analysis. - 1.1 Introduction. - 1.2 Methods of extraction and isolation. - 1.3 Methods of separation. - 1.4 Methods of identification. - 1.5 Analysis of results. - 1.6 Applications. - 2 Phenolic Compounds. - 2.1 Introduction. - 2.2 Phenols and phenolic acids. - 2.3 Phenylpropanoids. - 2.4 Flavonoid pigments. - 2.5 Anthocyanins. - 2.6 Flavonols and flavones. - 2.7 Minor flavonoids, xanthones and stilbenes. - 2.8 Tannins. - 2.9 Quinone pigments. - 3 The Terpenoids. - 3.1 Introduction. - 3.2 Essential oils. - 3.3 Diterpenoids and gibberellins. - 3.4 Triterpenoids and steroids. - 3.5 Carotenoids. - 4 Organic Acids, Lipids and Related Compounds. - 4.1 Plant acids. - 4.2 Fatty acids and lipids. - 4.3 Alkanes and related hydrocarbons. - 4.4 Polyacetylenes. - 4.5 Sulphur compounds. - 5 Nitrogen Compounds. - 5.1 Introduction. - 5.2 Amino acids. - 5.3 Amines. - 5.4 Alkaloids. - 5.5 Cyanogenic glycosides. - 5.6 Indoles. - 5.7 Purines, pyrimidines and cytokinins. - 5.8 Chlorophylls. - 6 Sugars and their Derivatives. - 6.1 Introduction. - 6.2 Monosaccharides. - 6.3 Oligosaccharides. - 6.4 Sugar alcohols and cyclitols. - 7 Macromolecules. - 7.1 Introduction. - 7.2 Nucleic acids. - 7.3 Proteins. - 7.4 Polysaccharides.
Combinaisons d’approches statistiques et sémantiques appliquées aux bibliothèques numériques scientifiques pour la promotion de la recherche pluridisciplinaire

La connaissance dans tous les domaines scientifiques est maintenant disponible dans les bibliotheques numeriques. Le probleme est que les articles appartenant a differentes communautes de recherche n'emploient pas le meme vocabulaire pour parler du meme sujet. L'acces aux documents pertinents avec des outils de recherche d'information, des moteurs de recherche ou des systemes de recommandation d'articles scientifiques echouera si ces methodes ne permettent pas d'integrer cette variabilite linguistique. Dans ce travail, nous presentons des strategies d'utilisation des technologies d'intelligence artificielle pour parvenir a etendre la recherche documentaire de maniere appropriee afin d'apporter de la diversite dans les resultats recommandes et favoriser ainsi une recherche pluridisciplinaire.
The effects of green mussel Perna viridis (L.) (Mollusca: Mytilidae) culture on nematode community structure in the Gulf of Thailand.

Culture of the green mussel Perna viridis (L.) in Thai coastal waters is almost exclusively based on extensive pole culture, where spat are allowed to settle naturally on densely planted poles in shallow waters close to the shore. Such culture is limited in terms of space, and the shallow inshore regions suitable for it are vulnerable to pollution. There is immense potential for the development of suspended culture in Thai waters. In addition to increasing the yield and quality of the product, suspended cultures offer additional benefits such as providing habitats for the development of juvenile fish, and providing refugia from overfishing in relatively open waters. This study examines one potential drawback of suspended mussel culture in shallow waters such as are found in large areas of the Gulf of Thailand, namely the impact of such culture on the benthic communities. Nematode genera have been shown to be sensitive to ongoing physical and biological disturbance. In this study univariate and nonparametric multivariate analyses of nematode abundances are used to measure the extent of benthic impact resulting from a mussel raft. Although large differences in community structure are found beneath the raft, the areal extent of these changes is limited. It is concluded that if problems related to water quality and infrastructure can be dealt with, the localised benthic impact of such culture methods for the green mussel should not prevent their development in Thai coastal waters.