Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen peroxide concentrations in relation to optical properties in a fiord (Doubtful Sound, New Zealand)

Abstract Hydrogen peroxide concentrations are reported for the first time in the surface low salinity layer (LSL) and underlying saline layer (SL) of a fiord. Measurements were made in Deep Cove and Hall Arm in Doubtful Sound, New Zealand under contrasting climatic conditions in early summer (October; wet, windy, and dull: November; dry, still, and sunny). Steady state peroxide concentrations in the range 100–400 nM rapidly declined with depth in the LSL and across the LSL/SL interface. Spectral measurements of absorption coefficients and downwelling irradiance indicated this is largely because of high levels of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the LSL filtering out the UV component (<400 nm) of the sunlight that is mainly responsible for the photochemical formation of peroxide. The depth dependence of peroxide concentrations in the LSL was similar to that of the CDOM concentrations as measured by the corrected absorption coefficent at 340 nm. During the October sampling event there also appeared to be a contribution to the peroxide levels in the LSL at Deep Cove arising from the input of rainwater containing high levels of peroxide (1.7–7.5 μM).
Generalized Autoregressive Score Models in R: The GAS Package

This paper presents the R package GAS for the analysis of time series under the generalized autoregressive score (GAS) framework of Creal, Koopman, and Lucas (2013) and Harvey (2013). The distinctive feature of the GAS approach is the use of the score function as the driver of time-variation in the parameters of non-linear models. The GAS package provides functions to simulate univariate and multivariate GAS processes, to estimate the GAS parameters and to make time series forecasts. We illustrate the use of the GAS package with a detailed case study on estimating the time-varying conditional densities of financial asset returns.
Hábitos de alimentación del lenguado Paralichtys orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1842) en una laguna costera somera del Atlántico Sur: Rocha, Uruguay Feeding habits of the flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1842) in a shallow coastal lagoon of the southern Atlantic Ocean: Rocha, Uruguay

A total of 293 stomachs of adult flounders, Paralichthys orbignyanus, were analyzed from the catch of artisanal fisheries that operate in Rocha Lagoon, Uruguay. Flounders between 25 and 64 cm total length showed that 119 individuals (40.61%) had content in their stomachs, the silverside Odontesthes argentinensis being the main prey item. Significant variations were observed between size classes. Cannibalism was less than 3% of total prey items and occurred within the 46–56 cm size class. Significant and positive trends were observed between the length of the silverside and the total length of the flounder, but a low percentage of the variability in prey size (<47%) was explained by the predator size. The specialized and selective diet of P. orbignyanus adults is considered to be typical of active piscivore predators and visual fish feeders. The state of prey digestion (in relatively fresh condition or in the beginning of digestion), the moment of catch and the low feeding index could indicate that the species acts as an active predator during the night.
Software Support for Dynamic Adaptive Neural Network Arrays

Moore’s Law fairly accurately modelled advancements in traditional computing architectures for multiple decades, but it has come to an end. This has led researchers to put more focus on alternative computing architectures such as neuromorphic computing. DANNA (Dynamic Adaptive Neural Network Array) is a computing architecture that was designed in 2014 to meld features of recurrent, spiking, plastic neuromorphic computing systems with very efficient hardware implementations. Its hardware design and FPGA implementation preceded any software support or simulation. This work describes the software support for DANNA, including four different simulators, that has enabled TennLAB to explore the capabilities of the architectures. Additionally, we generalized a well-known neuromorphic experiment from 2008 to fit within the TennLAB software structure. We use this experiment to compare the capabilities of DANNA and TennLAB’s other neuromorphic models.
Printed flexible antenna for energy harvesting

Internet-of-Things means a growing development of interconnected objects that are likely to change many services within the industry as well as for the individual. Several barriers, including the energy autonomy of objects or production processes that are economically acceptable and respectful of the planet, hamper current developments. In this context, energy recovery is a widespread theme using a wide range of sources (mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic, etc.). This thesis is oriented towards the recovery of ambient electromagnetic energy. The second characteristic point of this thesis is to focus on flexible and, if possible, recyclable substrates. The challenge is to recover energy from an extremely low ambient electromagnetic field: this concerns the antenna, which must also meet a requirement for flexibility for its future integration with a flexible and deformable object, and the electronics of energy processing.The work of this thesis conducted in three phases.In the first phase, it was the study of the antenna structures compatible with frequency and power received with the energy harvesting application and a physical realization on flexible base (paper, textile, etc.). This phase allowed presenting the different approaches to combining the RF sources.In the second phase, the study on the role of rectifying circuit in the system of recovering wireless energy was presented. Methods for extracting parameters were discussed by separating each element and its roles. Numerous measurements have been conducted to compare different models of the diode, taking into account also the actual impact of the manufacturing process and the measurement process.A third phase allows the optimization of the antenna and electronic assembly (rectenna) for various scenarios and the monitoring of variability to keep the losses of the system at minima. The production of relevant demonstrators, test and characterization were presented.
Isolation of AhDHNs from Arachis hypogaea L. and evaluation of AhDHNs expression under exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and water stress

The peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and cash crop all over the world. It is mostly planted in arid and semi-arid regions. To determine the mechanism by which dehydrins (DHNs) are regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) in peanuts, three Arachis hypogaea L. dehydrins ( AhDHNs ) were isolated from peanut plants and sequenced. By blasting the protein sequences of these AhDHNs , AhDHN1 was found belonging to the YnSKn subfamily. AhDHN2 and AhDHN3 were found belonging to the SKn and YnKn types, respectively. 100 μM ABA enhanced AhDHNs expression in peanut leaves. When peanut plants were treated with ABA and then with the ABA synthesis inhibitor sodium tungstate 12 h later, AhDHN expression was suppressed. However, AhDHN2 was inhibited by sodium tungstate at 2 h, though other AhDHNs were not. AhDHNs expressions increased greatly in peanut leaves treated with 30% polyethylene glycol (PEG). Sodium tungstate along with PEG inhibited the expression of AhDHNs . This study found that exogenous and endogenous ABA can both affect the expression of AhDHN independently. The differential expression of AhDHNs to exogenous ABA may be because of differences in the structure of different AhDHNs . Keywords: Arachis hypogaea L. dehydrins ( AhDHNs ), peanut, abscisic acid (ABA), expression, sodium tungstate, water stress
The impact of spruce aphids on nutrient flows in the canopy of Norway spruce

1 This study investigated the effects of honeydew from aphids in the canopy of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. ) on the nitrogen chemistry of throughfall using a rainfall simulation experiment. Throughfall collected beneath infested trees was compared with that from beneath uninfested trees, while standardizing the quality and quantity of the precipitation and plant age.
Population structure of edible dormouse in Poland: the role of habitat fragmentation and implications for conservation

The effects of habitat fragmentation and the resulting decreases in effective population sizes are not easy to document because they take place over many generations and may be affected by factors other than demographic ones. Here, we used 22 microsatellite loci to investigate genetic structure and diversity in populations of edible dormice Glis glis from habitats that varied widely in area and in the degree of connectivity to other populations. We found that populations from the most fragmented north-western region of Poland were characterized by extremely limited gene flow and low genetic diversity compared to less fragmented populations from southern Poland. STRUCTURE analysis revealed three genetic groups in Poland, which might reflect adaptation to environmental conditions across south-north and east-west gradients, but could also be due to historical patterns of post-glacial colonization. The latter hypothesis is suggested by the observation that southern populations from Poland grouped with those from the Balkans based on microsatellite data ; however, the fact that all Polish populations shared western mtDNA cytochrome b haplotypes is inconsistent with this scenario. We discuss the consequences of our findings for the conservation of the edible dormouse in Poland.
HOST PARASITE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN FRESHWATER PHYTOPLANKTON AND CHYTRID FUNGI (CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA) 1

Some chytrids are host‐specific parasiticfungithat may have a considerable impact on phytoplankton dynamics. The phylum Chytridiomycota contains one class, the Chytridiomycetes, and is composed of five different orders. Molecular studies now firmly place the Chytridiomycota within the fungal kingdom. Chytrids are characterized by having zoospores, a motile stage in their life cycle. Zoospores are attracted to the host cell by specific signals. No single physical–chemical factor has been found that fully explains the dynamics of chytrid epidemics in the field. Fungal periodicity was primarily related to host cell density. The absence of aggregated distributions of chytrids on their hosts suggested that their hosts did not vary in their susceptibility to infection. A parasite can only become epidemic when it grows faster than the host. Therefore, it has been suggested that epidemics in phytoplankton populations arise when growth conditions for the host are unfavorable. No support for such a generalization was found, however. Growth of the parasitic fungus Rhizophydium planktonicum Canter emend, parasitic on the diatom Asterionella formosa Hassal, was reduced under stringent nutrient limitation,because production and infectivity of zoospores were affected negatively. A moderate phosphorous or light limitation favored epidemic development, however. Chytrid infections have been shown to affect competition between their algal hosts and in this way altered phytoplankton succession. There is potential for coevolution between Asterionella and the chytrid Zygorhizidium planktonicum Canter based on clear reciprocal fitness costs, absence of overall infective parasite strains, and possibly a genetic basis for host susceptibility and parasite infectivity.
FSDA: Framework for Secure Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Network for Enhancing Key Management

An effective key management plays a crucial role in imposing a resilient security technique in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). After reviewing the existing approaches of key management, it is confirmed that existing approachs does not offer good coverage on all potential security breaches in WSN. With WSN being essential part of Internet-of-Things (IoT), the existing approaches of key management can definitely not address such security breaches. Therefore, this paper introduces a Framework for Secure Data Aggregation (FSDA) that hybridizes the public key encryption mechanism in order to obtain a novel key management system. The proposed system does not target any specific attacks but is widely applicable for both internal and external attacks in WSN owing to its design principle. The study outcome exhibits that proposed FSDA offers highly reduced computational burden, minimal delay, less energy consumption, and higher data transmission perforance in contrast to frequency used encryption schemes in WSN.
Co‐occurrence based assessment of species habitat specialization is affected by the size of species pool: reply to Fridley et al. (2007)

1 Fridley et al. (2007) introduced a technique of species habitat specialization assessment based on co‐occurrence analysis of large species‐plot matrixes, with a continuous metric (θ value) intended to reflect relative species niche width. 2 They used simulated data in order to demonstrate the functionality of the new method. I repeated their simulation and introduced three alternative scenarios with various patterns of species pool size along a simulated gradient. Results indicated that the co‐occurrence based estimation of species niche width is dependent on the size of species pool at the position of species optima. This relationship was also revealed in an analysis of a real data set with Ellenberg indicator values as surrogates for environmental gradients. 3 I introduced a modification of the original algorithm, which corrects the effect of the species pool on the estimation of species niche width: the beta diversity measure based on additive partitioning was replaced with the multiplicative Whittaker's beta. Even after this, the method can satisfactorily recover the real pattern of species specialization only for unsaturated communities with a linear relationship between local and regional species richness. 4 Synthesis. This paper corrects the algorithm for co‐occurrence based estimation of species specialization, introduced by Fridley et al. (2007) , which was sensitive to the changes in species pool size along environmental gradients.
Dapper: An Adaptive Manager for Large-Capacity Persistent Memory

In-memory computing has inspired researchers to consider integrating large-capacity persistent memory (PM) into the main memory subsystem. However, several challenges still remain for providing an integration approach for DRAM-comparable PM on existing enterprise servers. Current commercial servers tend to feature multiple sockets with shared-memory NUMA organizations. Simply constructing a hybrid main memory architecture for these NUMA organizations requires considerable modifications of the system software. Another significant problem in these designs is the high latency of accessing PM on a remote socket, which results in performance degradation. To address these problems, we integrated PM as a memory-based model and as a storage-based model simultaneously on one commercial server, which offers a short-cut approach for enterprises to build commercial NUMA machines with large-capacity PM. In the memory-based model, rather than focusing on the persistence attribute, we propose an architecture that benefits managing the integrated PM and DRAM space in a unified manner and that facilitates bypassing vast modifications to the system software. We also present an adaptive mechanism that can automatically introduce a moderate amount of PM into the local socket to hinder access of a remote socket by the degree of memory pressure. In the storage-based model, under the condition of taking full advantage of the PM's persistence, we abstract a PM volume device and overcome the torn sector problem. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, we design and implement Dapper, an adaptive persistent memory manager prototype. The experimental results show that, compared to typical memory management approaches, Dapper achieves performance improvements of 13.1 percent to 34.0 percent on average on Graph500 BFS_SSSP benchmarks and SPEC CPU2006 floating point workloads, respectively. Moreover, when deploying F2FS on our PM volume, we find that Dapper outperforms existing methods by 5.8 percent on tar and by 11.9 percent on untar.
How do red knots Calidris canutus leave Northwest Australia in May and reach the breeding grounds in June? Predictions of stopover times, fuelling rates and prey quality in the Yellow Sea

In general, Arctic-breeding waders leave non-breeding grounds in Australasia from March (New Zealand) to mid-April (Northwest Australia). Here we provide evidence from radio-tracking and visual observations that many red knots Calidris canutus do not leave Roebuck Bay, Northwest Australia, until early or mid-May. Late-departing red knots probably belong to the subspecies piersmai, which breeds on the New Siberian Islands, 10,400 km from Northwest Australia. Based on comparisons of temperatures on the breeding grounds of different knot subspecies, we predict that piersmai knots would not arrive on the breeding grounds until early June, leaving at most 3-4 weeks refuelling in Asia. Using a model of fuelling capacity in relation to prey quality and gizzard mass, we show that these knots must fuel very differently in Australia and Asia. In Australia, knots have seemingly suboptimal gizzard sizes and deposit fuel slowly. In the Yellow Sea, birds could only fuel up within the available time if they either enlarged their gizzards substantially or encountered prey qualities much higher than in Australia, for which we provide quantitative predictions.
Bioinformatic data mining on UDP-glucose:flavonoid 7- O-glucosyltransferase (UBGAT) genes and their encoding proteins in two plants of genus Scutellaria

The GenBank sequences of UBGAT (UDP-glucose:flavonoid 7-O-glucosyltransferase) genes and their encoding proteins from Scutellaria baicalensisand Scutellaria laeteviolacea, were predicted and analyzed by some bioinformatics methods and tools such as expasy, vector NTI, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) etc. The results obtained are as follows: both Sbubgat andSlubgat genes contained complete open reading frame (ORF); the formula of SbUBGAT and SbUBGAT were C2193H3462N590O638S11 and C2263H3562N596O664S13, respectively and both proteins were found in the cytoplasm, without transmembrane topological structure, and were hydrophic proteins related to intermediary metabolism and amino acid synthesis; the secondary structure of UBGATs constitute mainly α-helix and random coil and the tertiary structure were modeling. In brief, this study lay theoretical foundation for metabolic mechanism and genetic regulation researches of flavonoids biosynthesis. Key words: Scutellaria baicalensis, Scutellaria laeteviolacea, flavonoids, bioinformatics, UDP-glucose:flavonoid 7-O-glucosyltransferase.
Control Techniques used to Improve Performance of Dc-Dc Converter: A Review

The switched-mode dc-dc converters are most widely used power electronics circuits for flexible output voltage and high conversion efficiency. These converters are designed to regulate the output voltage against the changes of the input voltage and load current. This needs more advanced control methods for the real demand. Time to time different control methods are developed for the control of dc-dc converters. But to get best performances under any conditions is always in demand. By using Control techniques used to Improve Performance of Dc-Dc Converter is very much useful.
String Processing Algorithms

The thesis describes extensive studies on various algorithms for efficient string processing. Data available in/via computers are often of enormous size, and thus, it is significantly important and necessary to invent timeand space-efficient methods to process them. Most of such data are, in fact, stored and manipulated as strings. String matching is most fundamental in string processing, where the problem is to examine whether or not a pattern string p occurs in a text string w. There are two cases to consider; p is fixed and w is flexible, and vise versa. In the former case, it is adequate to employ the noble algorithm by Knuth, Morris, and Pratt that solves the problem in O(|w|) time using O(|p|) space. The thesis, on the other hand, considers the latter case. When w is fixed, it is natural, and ideal, to use a data structure that supports indices of w. Such a data structure is called an index structure. A linear-spaced index structure was first given by Weiner in 1973, named suffix trees. Suffix trees are regarded as a compaction of suffix tries that are a basic index structure requiring quadratic space. On the other hand minimizing suffix tries yields another type of index structure called directed acyclic word graphs (DAWGs), which was introduced by Blumer et al. in 1985. Moreover, by either minimizing suffix trees or compacting DAWGs gives us compact directed acyclic word graphs (CDAWGs). CDAWGs were also invented by Blumer et al. in 1987. In the thesis we delve in those index structures, revealing their relationships in terms of equivalence classes on strings. After giving such theoretical characteristics of them, we explore ingenious algorithms related to those index structures for timeand space-efficient string processing in practice. Particularly, we first introduce an on-line algorithm that directly constructs a CDAWG for a single string w in O(|w|) time, and second, give its straightforward extension to a set S of strings whose running time is O(‖S‖) where ‖S‖ denotes the total length of the strings in S. A further, deeper analysis of the on-line algorithm gives us a generalized
The Brøset Violence Checklist

The Brøset Violence Checklist (BVC) assesses confusion, irritability, boisterousness, verbal threats, physical threats, and attacks on objects as either present or absent. It is hypothesized that an individual displaying two or more of these behaviors is more likely to be violent in the next 24-hour period. All 109 consecutive referrals to four psychiatric inpatient acute units during a 2-month period were included in the study. Ratings were performed at the time of admission and three times a day for each patient—once for each working shift. Interrater reliability was adequate. Thirty-four separate incidences of violence occurred. Comparisons between ratings performed in the 24-hour interval before the incident and all other ratings suggested moderate sensitivity and good specificity of the instrument. It is concluded that the BVC is a useful instrument in predicting violence within the next 24-hour period and that the psychometric properties of the instrument are satisfactory.
A Self-Paced Two-State Mental Task-Based Brain-Computer Interface with Few EEG Channels

A self-paced brain-computer interface (BCI) system that is activated by mental tasks is introduced. The BCI’s output has two operational states, the active state and the inactive state, and is activated by designated mental tasks performed by the user. The BCI could be operated using several EEG brain electrodes (channels) or only few (i.e., five or seven channels) at a small loss in performance. The performance is evaluated on a dataset we have collected from four subjects while performing one of the four different mental tasks. The dataset contains the signals of 29 EEG electrodes distributed over the scalp. The five and seven highly discriminatory channels are selected using two different methods proposed in the paper. The signal processing structure of the interface is computationally simple. The features used are the scalar autoregressive coefficients. Classification is based on the quadratic discriminant analysis. Model selection and testing procedures are accomplished via cross-validation. The results are highly promising in terms of the rates of false and true positives. The false-positive rates reach zero, while the true-positive rates are sufficiently high, i.e., 54.60 and 59.98% for the 5-channel and 7-channel systems, respectively.