Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Small-scale distribution and variability of demersal zooplankton in a shallow, temperate estuary: tidal and depth effects on species-specific heterogeneity

Les effets de la profondeur de l'eau, des courants de maree et du comportement migratoire specifique sur la distribution du plancton ont ete etudies dans la communaute zooplanctonique bentho-pelagique de la partie haute de l'estuaire Gamtoos, Afrique du Sud. Pour comparer les eaux influencees ou non par la maree, des densites de plancton nocturne ont egalement ete enregistrees dans l'estuaire Kabeljous, temporairement clos. La plupart des especes se concentrent pres du sediment en particulier pendant les marees descendantes ou les organismes planctoniques evitent les courants de surface rapides vers la mer. La direction des courants de maree modifie la stratification verticale du plancton, meme dans des eaux tres peu profondes (environ 1 m), en changeant l'amplitude de la migration verticale, ce qui favorise probablement la retention de populations estuariennes. Les amphipodes et a un moindre degre les cumaces deviennent planctoniques principalement durant les marees hautes, donnant lieu a des differences marquees dans la structure des communautes au cours du cycle de maree et augmentant significativement la diversite specifique. Dans les eaux qui ne sont pas influencees par la maree, les fluctuations de densite temporelle sont fonction des comportements migratoires differents selon les especes. Dans celles influencees par la maree, la variabilite temporelle s'accroit avec le deplacement axial du aux courants de maree. Ainsi dans de tels estuaires, les variations temporelles de l'abondance du plancton a chaque station sont le resultat de migrations verticales actives et de dispersions passives dues a la maree. En consequence, des prelevements a differents niveaux, a la fois pendant les marees descendantes et montantes, sont des prealables indispensables a l'estimation des populations zooplanctoniques estuariennes.
Stress Evokes Changes in Response to Sakha-69 Wheat According to Sodium and Calcium Anions

Accumulation of Na + in the soil represents a problem for agricultural production. This may be alleviated by calcium. Our objective was to determine the relative effects of Cl - and SO4 -2 on Ca + alleviation of Na + stress. We treated Triticum aestivum L Sakha-69 seedlings growing under natural conditions to NaCl or Na2SO4 at the level of 15,30 and 45 mM/L either alone or in combination with 15 and 30mM CaCl2 or CaSO4 in addition to a reference control. Nutrient solution with added treatments was applied once a week. Increasing NaCl concentration decreased Chl a concentration at the tillering stage, the reduction in case of Na2SO4 was more than the previous case, while carotenoids concentration was significantly increased. Activity of amylases and concentration of soluble protein were depressed, while concentration of reducing sugars was significantly increased with increasing NaCl concentration. The response of Sakha-69 wheat for such parameters, on applying Na2SO4, was completely inverted. Sucrose concentration was increased concomitant with a decrease in polysaccharide concentration at the heading stage for both treatments. Addition of CaSO4 to NaCl alleviated the depressive effect of salinity on Chl a, carbohydrate fractions as well as soluble protein. On the other hand, addition of CaCl2 to NaCl was more beneficial for alpha amylase activity. It is observed that alternative anions had a better effect on the concentration of soluble protein. It is also noticed that the depressive effect of Cl - at early growth stage was diminished at the advanced stage. Application of CaCl2 at both concentrations with 30mM Na2SO4 highly significantly increased polysaccharide concentration compared to both corresponding and reference control.
Bailouts, Time Inconsistency, and Optimal Regulation: A Macroeconomic View

A common view is that bailouts of firms by governments are needed to cure inefficiencies in private markets. We propose an alternative view: even when private markets are efficient, costly bankruptcies will occur and benevolent governments without commitment will bail out firms to avoid bankruptcy costs. Bailouts then introduce inefficiencies where none had existed. Although granting the government orderly resolution powers which allow it to rewrite private contracts improves on bailout outcomes, regulating leverage and taxing size is needed to achieve the relevant constrained efficient outcome, the sustainably efficient outcome. This outcome respects governments' incentives to intervene when they lack commitment.
Reducing food losses to protect domestic food security in the Middle East and North Africa

Food security policies are usually costly and involve trade-offs. We investigated this issue by simulating three policy responses to rising world food prices, using the MAGNET model applied to the Middle East and North Africa. A policy of tackling agricultural food losses increases food consumption at lower costs and prices, with welfare gains forming an upper bound of the costs of tackling agricultural food losses. Whilst trade-offs occur as resources are drawn from elsewhere, they outperform a policy of reducing import tariffs by boosting agricultural and overall growth much more. This leads to a reduced rather than increased import dependency, and higher welfare gains. A policy of stimulating equal-sized economic growth via manufacturing and services does worse regarding food prices, consumption and import dependency, but generates slightly higher welfare gains. Given their potential to improve food security, measures to tackle food losses in agriculture should focus on cost-effective solutions.
A combinatory algebra for sequential functionals of finite type

It is shown that the type structure of nite-type functionals associated to a combinatory algebra of partial functions from IN to IN (in the same way as the type structure of the countable functionals is associated to the partial combinatory algebra of total functions from IN to IN), is isomorphic to the type structure generated by object N (the at domain on the natural numbers) in Ehrhard's category of \dI-domains with coherence", or his \hypercoherences".
Orientational relaxation and vibrational excitation transfer in methanol-carbon tetrachloride solutions

Time and polarization resolved ultrafast infrared vibrational spectroscopy of the hydroxyl stretch of methanol dissolved in carbon tetrachloride has been utilized to investigate orientational relaxation and vibrational excitation transfer. The anisotropy decay of the deuterated hydroxyl stretch of methanol-d was measured in two solutions: Isotopically mixed 0.8 mol % methanol-d 23 mol % methanol-h in CCl4 and isotopically pure methanol-d at 26 mol % in CCl4. The anisotropy decay in the isotopically mixed methanol solution is a biexponential characterized by 1.7±0.7 ps and 17±3 ps time constants, with 40±10% of the decay occurring with the slower time constant. The biexponential anisotropy decay has been analyzed with a restricted orientational diffusion model that involves fast orientational diffusion within a cone of semi-angle θc, followed by slower, full orientational relaxation. The fast orientational relaxation occurs within a cone semi-angle of θc=45°±5°, with a diffusion coefficient of Dc−1=13±5 ps.
A generic mechanics approach for predicting shear strength of reinforced concrete beams.

Despite significant experimental, numerical and analytical research, the shear behaviour of reinforced concrete members remains one of the least well understood mechanisms in reinforced concrete. Due to the complexity of shear behaviour, empirical or semiempirical analysis approaches have typically been developed and these are widely employed in codes of practice. As with all empirical models, they should only be applied within the bounds of the tests from which they were derived which restricts the wide application of innovative materials as expensive testing must be performed to adjust existing empirical formulae or develop empirical formulae specific to the new materials. There is, therefore, a strong need to develop a generic, mechanics based model to describe shear failure which is the subject of this paper. The model is based on the mechanics of partial interaction: that is slip between reinforcement and adjacent concrete which allows for crack formation and widening and is commonly referred to as tension-stiffening; and slip across sliding planes in concrete associated with shear failure which is referred to as shear-friction.
Electronic temperature sensing yarn

This paper reports the development of an electronic temperature sensing (ETS) yarn by embedding commercially available thermistors within the fibres of a yarn. The thermistor is initially soldered onto a fine copper wire and then encapsulated to form a polymer micro-pod. The micro-pod protects the thermistor from mechanical and chemical stresses. Thereafter the fine copper wire with micro-pods is covered by a tubular warp knitted structure to craft the final ETS yarn. The miniature size of the micro-pod makes the electronics invisible to the wearer. Such a yarn can be used to knit or weave any textile structure. It is also capable of providing temperature readings at a given point (localised) and can be used to make a wearable thermograph. Where the ETS yarn is included in a garment, it can be safely washed.
Xylotrechus arvicola (Olivier) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), a new impacting pest on Spanish vineyards

Research Note Infestation caused by Xylotrechus arvicola (Olivier) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) is becoming a new sanitary problem in some Spanish vine-producing areas. Symptoms caused by the pest, the identification of 7 associated wood fungal species living in galleries excavated by larvae, some data about the evolution of the infestation during 8 years in the same plot and the different levels of susceptibility exhibited by three grape varieties are presented in this paper.
Morphology of DNA/Single walled nanotubes complexes

In order to get a better understanding of the association mechanism that leads to the formation of DNA/single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) complexes, we solubilised and dispersed SWNTs in aqueous medium using single-stranded DNA with a poly (GT)15 sequence. Optical and microscopic characterizations of the complexes permits to confirm that the SWNTs were individualized or embedded in small bundles. The presence of these bundles excludes that helical wrapping may be the unique possible association mechanism.
Novel genetic marker in TGFB2 gene associated with expression of TGF-β2 in leukocyte and SLE susceptibility

Abstract Background: TGF-β2 has a role in immune regulation, and genetic variance within the gene might contribute to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. The TGFB2 gene is one candidate gene within the major SLE genetic susceptibility loci. Objective: Investigate the TGFB2 gene located on chromosome 1q41 as a SLE susceptibility gene. Materials and methods: One hundred fifty three SLE patients and 133 healthy controls participated in this study. Four markers selected in two haplotype blocks that have a minor allele frequency greater than 5% in Thai population were genotyped and analyzed in the association study. Results: There was no significant association between SLE susceptibility and the polymorphism in the promoter area (+67_68insACAA) and +89835 (A/G) at the intron 5 of TGFB2 gene. Instead, minor allele of the two new genetic markers at the intron 1 (+720) (corrected p-value = 0.024, OR = 0.4141, 95%CI = 0.22-0.80) and intron 6 (+94399_94400) (corrected p-value = 0.000143, OR = 0.3367, 95%CI = 0.20-0.58) were independently associated as a protective factor to SLE. Additionally, the real time RT-PCR results showed that patients with the protective allele (minor allele) at the +94399_94400 position have higher TGF-β2 mRNA level in leukocytes than patients with the risk allele (p=0.011). Conclusion: Two new genetic markers at intron1 (+720) and intron 6 (+94399_94400) were independently associated with SLE. The observed results have to be confirmed in other populations with a large sample size.
End of life in Europe: An empirical analysis. Ekonometria = Econometrics, 2013, Nr 1 (39), s. 184-197

Celem niniejszego badania jest znalezienie czynnikow wplywających na ryzyko zgonu najsilniej. Zbadano osoby w wieku co najmniej 50 lat obserwowane w probie Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Wykorzystane dane obejmują 1692 zgony badanych, ktorzy wzieli udzial w co najmniej jednej z 3 rund badania. Wyniki uzyskane w oparciu o model proporcjonalnego hazardu wskazują na czynniki zdrowotne i demograficzne jako istotniejsze od czynnikow spolecznych determinanty ryzyka zgonu. Nie zaobserwowano statystycznie istotnego wplywu czynnikow ekonomicznych na ryzyko zgonu przy uwzglednieniu innych istotnych zmiennych w modelu. (abstrakt oryginalny)
THE DETERMINATION OF THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE CONDUCTORS IN BUNDLED CONDUCTOR USED IN HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINES BY USING SIMULATED ANNEALING

The most suitable value of distance between the conductors in bundled conductor is necessary that used in high voltage transmission lines. The maximum electric field when corona loss started in the high voltage line system was calculated by mathematical equation analysis. In this study, the distance between the conductors in bundled conductor have been determined by using Gauss Seidel (GS) of numeric analysis methods and Simulated Annealing (SA) of heuristic methods with mathematical equations. Results taken with both methods have been compared to each other. According to results of SA to GS, it has been seen the better %0.0117, %0.0012, %0,0061, in 220, 380 and 500 kV values respectively.
Multiple job-holding: Career pathway or dire straits?

Higher net income and financial security can be secured by holding multiple jobs, especially when the primary job is constrained by hours or earnings. Task variety associated with a second job can motivate and increase work satisfaction. A second job can increase development of new job skills. Multiple job-holding has positive effects on future job mobility and career prospects. Holding multiple jobs may foster increased entrepreneurship and can lead to a new job that better matches a worker’s skills. Cons
DOES LUTEIN PLAY A KEY ROLE IN THE PROTECTION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS IN ARABIDOPSIS UNDER SEVERE OXIDATIVE STRESS

Many environmental stresses result in increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (·O2 - ), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (·OH), in plant cells. A mild or moderate stress induces a significant increase in the generation of ·O2 - and H2O2 and a severe stress induces a significant increase in the generation of ·OH. The three ROS: ·O2 - , H2O2 and ·OH were used to treat leaf discs of the wild type (WT), the npq1 mutant lacking zeaxanthin and the lut2 mutant lacking lutein in Arabidopsis by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging to test our previous hypothesis that lutein might play an important photoprotective role under severe stress. During the ·O2 - and H2O2-treatment under light, Fv/Fm, ФPSII, ETR, qP and NPQ exhibited the sequence of sensitivity to ROS in the leaves of the three phenotypes: npq1 > lut2 > WT. However, during the ·OH-treatment under light, these chlorophyll parameters exhibited another different sequence: lut2 > npq1 > WT. Thus, it can be concluded that xanthophyll cycle plays a key role under mild and moderate stress but lutein plays a key role under severe stress. These results provided more experimental evidence to support our previous hypothesis.
Structural Response and Energy Absorption of Sandwich Panels with an Aluminium Foam Core under Blast Loading

This paper first presents an experimental investigation into the response of square sandwich panels with an aluminium foam core under blast loading, followed by a corresponding FE simulation using LS-DYNA. In the simulation, the loading process of explosive and response of the sandwich panels have been investigated. The blast loading process includes both the explosion procedure of the charge and interaction with the panel. The simulation result shows that the deformation/failure patterns observed in the tests are well captured by the numerical model, and quantitatively a reasonable agreement has been obtained between the simulation and experiment. Finally, a parametric study has been carried out to investigate the energy absorption performance of sandwich panels.
Six words of writing, many layers of significance : An examination of writing as social practice in an early grade classroom

This paper explores a six-year-old child's text that he wrote at school. We explore this text in order to demonstrate how even a simple text embodies many complex aspects of writing. These aspects include how writers represent texts, compose meaning, achieve social purposes, and position readers. We more deeply examine these aspects of writing practices in terms of contexts of situation and culture in which a child writes. In this examination, we consider how a child's experiences, predispositions and resources form a significant part of their classroom writing context.
Towards self-consistent runaway electron modelling

Reliable runaway electron (RE) mitigation after disruptions is one of the most important challenges for safe ITER operation [1]. A proper understanding of the generation and losses of REs is therefore essential. A full MHD simulation of the disruption is a complex and computationally demanding task. Therefore reduced dimension fluid-type models are employed to describe the evolution of plasma parameters during disruptions with reasonable accuracy. One of these codes is GO [2], which uses a self-consistent, one-dimensional model to calculate the evolution of electric field, plasma parameters and runaway current and is also capable of taking into account impurity injection using a collisional-radiative model based on ADAS data. GO has already been applied to various tokamaks to better understand the runaway evolution during mitigated or unmitigated disruptions [1, 2], and its physics model is being continuously extended. There are several applications however, that demand the knowledge of the electron distribution function. Accurate estimates of wall damage, calculation of the interaction with partially ionised high-Z materials, calculation of synchrotron or bremsstrahlung emission (for diagnostic purposes), possibilities for particle-wave interactions, even constraining equilibrium reconstructions requires an energyand pitch resolved distribution. We use the 2 dimensional Fokker-Planck solver CODE [3] to calculate the momentum-space distribution of runaway electrons for time-evolving plasma parameters. As the next step in self-consistent runaway modelling, we are coupling GO with CODE to obtain the 3 dimensional evolution of the fe(p‖, p⊥,r, t) electron distribution. In the future, coupling with more sophisticated solvers (e.g. the 3 dimensional LUKE [4]) is planned. In this paper we report on the recent progress and the complexities involved with implementing such self-consistent calculations. We also present the implications of the coupled model and its components in the view of recent experimental results [5].
Performance Analysis of Savonius Rotor Based Hydropower Generation Scheme with Electronic Load Controller

This paper describes the performance of electronic load controller (ELC) of asynchronous generator (AG) coupled to an uncontrolled Savonius turbine and variable water velocity. An AC-DC-AC converter with a dc link capacitor is employed to maintain the required frequency. The ELC which is feeding a resistive dump load is connected in parallel with the generating system and the power consumption is varied through the duty cycle of the chopper. Gate triggering of ELC is accomplished through sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) by sensing the load current. A MATLAB/Simulink model of Savonius rotor, asynchronous generator, ELC, and three-phase load is presented. The proposed scheme is tested under various load conditions under varying water velocities and the performances are observed to be satisfactory.
Le paléolithique supérieur du Languedoc occidental et du Roussillon

Res d'A. A partir des materiaux abondants et varies provenant des fouilles recentes et de la revision critique de collections, l'auteur retrace le deroulement des cultures leptolithiques meridionales, depuis l'avenement de l'Homo sapiens jusqu'a l'aube du Postglaciaire. Cet ouvrage est consacre a l'examen des gisements stratifies, l'enchainement et l'identite de leurs depots anthropogenes, la frequence, l'ampleur et la cause de leurs sequences lacuneuses. Il analyse de nombreux documents relatifs a chacune des civilisations reconnues, a travers une trentaine de sites, abris naturels et stations de plein air. Du point de vue strictement archeologique, cette etude ne se limite pas a l'observation des industries lithiques et osseuses mais elle prend en compte la totalite des elements disponibles, pieces d'art mobilier et ornementations parietales incluses. Les donnees geologiques, paleozoologiques, paleobotaniques et anthropologiques sont largement evoquees a partir de travaux, souvent inedits. Le paleoenvironnement des principaux habitats est ainsi precise et les differents facies culturels identifies beneficient d'un cadre climatique jalonne de bons reperes chronologiques (datations radiometriques). Une synthese sur l'evolution du Paleolithique superieur regional, definit la position du Midi de la France stricto sensu par rapport aux domaine aquitain, aux Pyrenees centrales et occidentales et au monde iberique oriental, a travers le jeu des influences, des convergences et des divergences
How Smooth Should Curves Be for Calibrating Radiocarbon Ages?

We show that smoothed versions of the high-resolution calibration curve should be used when 14C ages are calibrated with large (> ∼30 14C yr) measurement errors (represented by standard deviation δm) or are mixtures of elements of variable age (natural sample error with standard deviation δn). The degree of smoothing should agree with the standard deviation of total sample error, δt, the square root of the quadratic sum of δm and δn. However, in most cases, δt is not well known, especially due to difficulties in quantifying δn. We present an inverse method that gives a measure of mean δt, for different materials that are widely used in (conventional) 14C dating. Calculations with large (>100) data sets of wood, charcoal, ombrotrophic peat and minerotrophic peat/gyttja samples indicate that δt of such materials is generally much larger than previously assumed, mainly because of large values of δn. This means that particularly in organic deposits, strongly smoothed calibration curves should be used where medium-term 14C variations (wiggles) are completely straightened. This has especially major consequences for calibrating 14C histograms for natural 14C variations. We conclude that 14C histograms consisting of samples of organic deposits do not require correction for medium-term 14C variations and that uncalibrated 14C histograms need not be as suspect as is usually believed.