Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short Sea Shipping on the West Coast of Korea: Keys to Activating the
 Shipping Industry in Preparation for Korea Unification Era

*Corresponding author: Sung-Ho Shin Research Information Analysis Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea Tel: +82-2-3290-1207 E-mail: sungho_shin@korea.ac. kr Abstract This study aims to analyze information on vessel traffic between the two Koreas with a probability distribution for each route/vessel type. The study will then conduct an estimate for maritime transport patterns of inter-Korean trade in the future. To analyze the flow of inter-Korean coastal shipping, this study conducted visualization analysis of shipping status between North and South Korea by year, ship type, and port using navigation data of three years from Port Logistics Information System (Port-MIS) sources during 2006 to 2008, which saw the most active exchanges between the two governments. Also, this study analyzes shipping status between the two governments as a probability distribution for each port and provides the prospects for future maritime transport for inter-Korean trade by means of Bayesian Networks and simulation. The results of the analysis are as follows: i) when North-South routes are reopened, the import volume for sand from North Korea will be increased; ii) investment in the modernization of ports in North Korea is required so that shipping companies can generate profit through economies of scale; iii) the number of the operating vessels including container ships between the two governments is expected to increase like when the tensions and conflict on the Korean Peninsula was release, especially between Busan port in South Korea and Nampo port in North Korea; and iv) among container ships, transshipment containers imported and exported through Busan Port will be shipped to North Korea by feeder transportation.
State as Salesman: International Economic Engagement and Foreign News Coverage in China

ABSTRACT How does an authoritarian regime cover news about foreign countries for its domestic audience? What accounts for the variation in news coverage received by different foreign countries? While existing literature points to political concerns at home, in this article, we argue that a regime’s economic interests can also be a driving force: the desire to deepen its international economic engagement can motivate the regime to treat foreign countries differently in its news coverage. To test this argument, we examine foreign news coverage by China’s state-run television network between 2003 and 2018. Combining textual and quantitative analysis, we find that countries with stronger economic ties with China receive more favorable news coverage. Moreover, the manipulation of coverage favorability is achieved through selective reporting: negative events such as armed conflicts receive less coverage when taking place in a country with close economic ties with China. These findings contribute to our understanding of international news flow, especially in a non-Western setting. They also demonstrate a pragmatic rather than political use of information control by an authoritarian government.
Scaling Spontaneous Imbibition of Aqueous Surfactant Solution into Preferential Oil-Wet Carbonates

Carbonate reservoirs are usually strongly fractured, with very high permeability contrasts between matrix blocks and fractures. Normally, a simulation of fluid flow with a dual porosity model is used, which is based on a fluid-exchange term where the dimensionless time is a key factor. Besides traditional reservoir rock and fluid parameters, the scaled dimensionless time must include the influence of capillary and gravitational forces. A very recent publication [Li and Horne, SPE Paper No. 77544, 2002] examined an “analytical” model that involved all these effects. In the present paper, we have tested the model for spontaneous imbibition of aqueous surfactant solution into preferential oil-wet carbonate cores. A chemical reaction occurs between the surfactant and adsorbed polar organic components/carboxylates at the carbonate surface, ahead of the fluid displacement process, as has been discussed previously [Standnes and Austad, J. Pet. Sci. Eng., 28, 123, 2000]. It was of great interest to determine if t.
ADDITIVE AND SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS ON PLANT GROWTH FROM POLYMERS AND ORGANIC MATTER APPLIED TO SOIL SIMULTANEOUSLY

We tested the effect of applying to soil combinations of organic sources and an anionic polyacrylamide and both singly on emergence and growth of tomato and wheat plants. The interactions were generally additive and synergistic. The organic sources and polyacrylamide often had a sparing effect on the need for the other. In one test with an organic source high in N (6%), there was a negative interaction on growth of tomato plants between the polyacrylamide and the organic source. In a test in which the polyacrylamide was applied to soil in solution with a high application of composted manure, the interaction on growth of tomato seedlings was additive. Maximum response for tomatoes for soils low in soil organic matter to polyacrylamide was obtained for low (224 kg ha-1) rather than high (448 and 1120 kg ha-1) application levels with or without addition of other organics. Interactions between polyacrylamide and organics on plant growth varied with soil characteristics.
Detection of EPR signals assigned to the 1-equiv-oxidized P-clusters of the nitrogenase MoFe-protein from Azotobacter vinelandii

Component 1 (the MoFe protein) of conventional nitrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii contains two types of metal clusters, called M-centers and P-clusters. The M-centers, or FeMo-co, are paramagnetic in the as-isolated form of the protein, exhibiting an EPR signal typical of a rhombic S=3/2 system. The P-clusters are diamagnetic in the as-isolated form of the protein but become paramagnetic upon chemical or potentiometric oxidation. We have undertaken a controlled oxidative titration of component 1 with thionine solution and observed EPR signals believed to originate from paramagnetic P-clusters. We present EPR spectra associated with half-integer S=5/2 and S=1/2 spin states and propose that these spectra arise from the 1-equiv-oxidized form of the P-cluster
Earnings Management to Attract Foreign Capital: International Evidence from Equity Market Openings

When equity markets open to foreign investors, firms in these markets face significant opportunities to attract foreign capital. Using a set of countries that opened their equity markets, we find significant income-increasing earnings management in the year of opening, with substantial heterogeneity across industries and firms. The positive effect is more pronounced in industries that are more dependent on external financing and for financially constrained firms, suggesting that firms’ intrinsic need for equity finance contributes to income-increasing earnings management behaviors. The effect is weaker when the firm is audited by a Big N auditor, consistent with the monitoring effect of relatively more reputable auditors. We find that income-increasing earnings management is less pronounced in countries with stronger legal enforcement. Overall, our results suggest that incentives to attract financing when a country opens its equity market to foreign investors affects firms’ reporting bias.
Control of power converter used for electric vehicle DC charging station with the capability of balancing distribution currents and reactive power compensation

The global interest in electric cars aims to achieve sustainability in the transportation sector and reduce dependence on conventional cars that mainly depend on fossil fuels, the main source of emissions polluting the environment. However, the electric cars required electric fast chargers to charge the batteries with high currents in order to make the electric cars competitive with conventional cars that required a short time for filling fuel. Single-phase electric chargers make the distribution feeders with unbalanced currents as the single-phase loads and single-phase PV inverters. In the case of the unbalanced operation, one of the three phases may reach its maximum limit before other phases which leads to disconnect the transformer and thereby inefficient and unreliable system operation. This paper presents a control scheme for a three-phase, four-leg power converter that can be used as a fast charger for electric cars. Moreover, it can be used for balancing grid currents and for reactive power compensation. This will avoid frequent interruptions of distribution transformers due to unbalanced operation and reactive power loads. The distribution feeder considered to evaluate the control scheme consists of single-phase loads and inverters in addition to the proposed converter. The converter controls the charging power effectively and balancing the feeder currents. Moreover, during off charging time which is a possible manner for the charging station when the EV battery is fully charged the converter is effectively used for unbalanced mitigation and reactive power compensation. The simulated results show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Investigation of genital hygiene behavior: An example of slum area

Amac: Bu arastirma gecekondu bolgesinde yasayan kadinlarin genital hijyen davranislarinin belirlenmesi amaciyla yapilmistir. Yontem: Tanimlayici tipte bu arastirma, Adana’nin Akincilar ve Suluca bolgesinde yasayan sosyoekonomik duzeyi dusuk kadinlar ile yurutulmustur. Arastirmanin evrenini Akincilar ve Suluca bolgesinde yasayan yaklasik 420 kadin olusturmustur. Orneklemi ise basit rastgele orneklem yontemi ile hesaplanmis ve 146 kadin arastirmaya dâhil edilmistir. Veriler; Kisisel Bilgi Formu ve Genital Hijyen Davranislari Envanteri kullanilarak toplanmistir. Verilerin degerlendirilmesinde Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis ve Post-hoc test istatistigi kullanilmistir. Bulgular: Kadinlarin yas ortalamasinin 31,25±10,42 oldugu, %48,6’sinin okuryazar olmadigi, tamaminin evli oldugu, calismadigi ve gelir durumu algilarinin gelirlerinin giderlerinden az oldugu belirlenmistir. Kadinlarin Genital Hijyen Davranislari Envanteri toplam puan ortanca degeri 46 olarak saptanmistir. Kadinlarin egitim durumlari, eslerinin egitim durumlari, beslenme durumu algilari, sigara icme durumlari ve gunluk ped degistirme sikligi degiskenlerine gore Genital Hijyen Davranislari Envanteri toplam ortanca degerleri arasinda istatistiksel olarak anlamli farklilik saptanmistir (p<0,05). Sonuc: Bu arastirmada gecekondu bolgesinde yasayan kadinlarin genital hijyen davranislarinin yetersiz oldugu saptanmistir.
Feasibility of electromechanical basic work e-module as a new learning media for vocational students

This study aims to develop and determine the feasibility of E-Module learning media in Electromechanical Work Basic Subjects. This research is a development research using ADDIE model. The product developed is e-module learning media on subjects in Electromechanical Basic Work. Data collection is done by means of observation, interviews and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive analysis. This research was conducted on 128 students of 10th grade Department Electrical Installation Engineering in Vocational High School in Serang, Banten. The results of the research are Media validation is very feasible with a percentage of 95.3%. Material validation is very feasible with a percentage of 97.9%. The results of the questionnaire evaluation data of small group trials get an average percentage value of 91.7% and in the very feasible category. The results of the assessment in the large group trial data questionnaire received very decent results with a percentage of 92.4%. The results of the exercises carried out an average value of 92.1 before using learning media the average value obtained by students 80.5. The results of the evaluation scores get an average value of 88.5. The e-module learning media in Electromechanical Basic Work subjects can facilitate students in the learning process and facilitate the teacher in teaching.
How Wind Shear Affects Trade‐wind Cumulus Convection

Motivated by an observed relationship between marine low cloud cover and surface wind speed, this study investigates how vertical wind shear affects trade‐wind cumulus convection, including shallow cumulus and congestus with tops below the freezing level. We ran large‐eddy simulations for an idealized case of trade‐wind convection using different vertical shears in the zonal wind. Backward shear, whereby surface easterlies become upper westerlies, is effective at limiting vertical cloud development, which leads to a moister, shallower, and cloudier trade‐wind layer. Without shear or with forward shear, shallow convection tends to deepen more, but clouds tops are still limited under forward shear. A number of mechanisms explain the observed behavior: First, shear leads to different surface wind speeds and, in turn, surface heat and moisture fluxes due to momentum transport, whereby the weakest surface wind speeds develop under backward shear. Second, a forward shear profile in the subcloud layer enhances moisture aggregation and leads to larger cloud clusters, but only on large domains that generally support cloud organization. Third, any absolute amount of shear across the cloud layer limits updraft speeds by enhancing the downward oriented pressure perturbation force. Backward shear—the most typical shear found in the winter trades—can thus be argued a key ingredient at setting the typical structure of the trade‐wind layer.
Impact of Cauliflower mosaic virusInfection on Morphological Parameters of Radish Plants

Brassicaceae are among the most economically important crops in the world. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) belongs to the family Brassicaceae, and is an economically important root crop grown worldwide. Brassica vegetables are highly susceptible to viral diseases. Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), the type member of the genus Caulimovirus, is one of the most severe and destructive viral disease that causes serious damage and economic losses across the members of the Brassicaceae family. The virus systemically infects host plants and produces severe symptoms. Infection with virus reduces radish plant vigour and subsequent root size. Trials were conducted in climate chamber and controlled greenhouse to assess the effect of CaMV infection on growth and yield attributes of radish. Plant-root height (7.6-7.5%), leaf length (19.8%), leaf width (23.4%), stalk length (21.1%), plant-root fresh mass (32.2-8.1%), and plant-root dry mass (38.1-9.5%) were significantly lower in infected plants after eight weeks of virus infection as compared to healthy plants. It has been determined the negative effect of CaMV infection in growth, yield and the morphological attributes of radish in the current study. Please cite this paper as follows: Şevik, M. A. (2020). Impact of Cauliflower mosaic virus Infection on Morphological Parameters of Radish Plants. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 35(1): 27-29. doi: 10.47059/alinteri/V35I2/AJAS20071
Wistar Albino Sıçanlarda Michauxia campanuloides L’Hér.’in Bazı Sperma Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Michauxia campanuloides L’Her. on some semen parameters in rats. The plant material of the study is Michauxia campanuloides L'Her. having antioxidant property. The animal material of the study consisted of 18 male Wistar albino rats. The rats were divided into three groups as control (C; n=6), treatment 1 (T1; n=6) and treatment 2 (T2; n=6). Lyophilized aqueous extract of M. campanuloides L’Her. was administered orally at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day for rats in the T1 group and 40 mg/kg/day for rats in the T2 group for 21 days. At the end of the study, all rats were examined for blood total antioxidant capacity (TAC), semen density, semen motility, abnormal spermatozoon ratio along with testicular, epididymal, seminal gland and ventral prostate weight. Semen density was significantly higher in the T2 group compared to the C and T1 groups (P=0.002). Rates of abnormal spermatozoa were significantly lower in T1 and T2 groups than the C group (P=0.003). The weight of seminal gland was significantly higher in the T1 and T2 groups compared to the C group (P=0.016). In conclusion, oral consumption of M. campanuloides extract provides an increase in semen quality in rats.
Effect of Nitrile Groups and of Flexible Linkages on the Properties of Poly(Ether Imide) Films

Aromatic poly(ether imide)s were synthesized using two diamines containing one or two nitrile groups and ether linkages, with dianhydrides exhibiting different degrees of flexibility. The effect of nitrile groups and of ether linkages, inserted into polymer chains, was correlated with their physical properties. The polymers have a very good solubility and high thermal stability. Poly(ether imide)s had the initial decomposition temperature in the range of 400–520°C and glass transition temperatures in the domain of 169–232°C, depending on the rigidity of the chain. The electrical properties and molecular relaxations were evaluated, taking into account the presence of polar nitrile group.
Probing new physics scenarios of muon $g-2$ via $J/\psi$ decay at BESIII

The disagreement between the standard model prediction and the experimental measurement of muon anomalous magnetic moment can be alleviated by invoking an additional particle which is either a vector boson ($X_1$) or a scalar ($X_0$). This new particle, with the mass $m_X \lesssim 2 m_\mu$, can be searched for in the decay $J/\psi \to \mu^- \mu^+ X$, where $X$ is missing. Our numerical study shows that the search is quite feasible at the BESIII experiment in the parameter space allowed by muon $g-2$ measurements.
The effect of combined CJZ3, a lomerizine derivative, with verapamil on P‐glycoprotein efflux function in vitro

In the effort to inhibit P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) efflux function with greater activity and less side effect, the combined effect of pair CJZ3 and verapamil (Ver) was evaluated isobolographically in numerous fixed‐ratio combinations of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:10 in doxorubicin‐resistant human myelogenous leukemia (K562/ DOX) cells and in rat brain microvessel endothelial cells (RBMEC). The results displayed that mixtures of both drugs at the fixed‐ratios of 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:10 exerted synergistic interactions, indicating that when the two reversers that bind P‐gp on separated sites were combined, each can contribute to the overall interaction with P‐gp, leading to the greater effect than that given by either agent alone. Drug Dev Res 72: 305–309, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automated measurement of attitudes towards social distancing using social media: A COVID-19 case study

The COVID-19 outbreak has focused attention on the use of social distancing as the primary defence against community infection. Forcing social animals to maintain physical distance has presented significant challenges for health authorities and law enforcement. Anecdotal media reports suggest widespread dissatisfaction with social distancing as a policy, yet there is little prior work aimed at measuring community acceptance of social distancing. In this paper, we propose a new approach to measuring attitudes towards social distancing by using social media and sentiment analysis. Over a four-month period, we found that 82.5 percent of tweets were in favour of social distancing. The results indicate a widespread acceptance of social distancing in a selected community. We examine options for estimating the optimal (minimal) social distance required at scale, and the implications for securing widespread community support and for appropriate crisis management during emergency health events.
Snow heterogeneous reactivity of bromide with ozone lost during snow metamorphism

Abstract. Earth's snow cover is very dynamic on diurnal timescales. The changes to the snow structure during this metamorphism have wide-ranging impacts on processes such as avalanche formation and on the capacity of surface snow to exchange trace gases with the atmosphere. Here, we investigate the influence of dry metamorphism, which involves fluxes of water vapour, on the chemical reactivity of bromide in the snow. To this end, the heterogeneous reactive loss of ozone in the dark at a concentration of 5×1012–6×1012 molec. cm−3 is investigated in artificial, shock-frozen snow samples doped with 6.2 µM sodium bromide and with varying metamorphism history. The oxidation of bromide in snow is one reaction initiating polar bromine releases and ozone depletion. We find that the heterogeneous reactivity of bromide is completely absent from the air–ice interface in snow after 12 d of temperature gradient metamorphism, and we suggest that the burial of non-volatile bromide salts occurs when the snow matrix is restructuring during metamorphism. Impacts on polar atmospheric chemistry are discussed.
A parsimonious approach for spatial transmission and heterogeneity in the COVID-19 propagation

Raw data on the number of deaths at a country level generally indicate a spatially variable distribution of COVID-19 incidence. An important issue is whether this pattern is a consequence of environmental heterogeneities, such as the climatic conditions, during the course of the outbreak. Another fundamental issue is to understand the spatial spreading of COVID-19. To address these questions, we consider four candidate epidemiological models with varying complexity in terms of initial conditions, contact rates and non-local transmissions, and we fit them to French mortality data with a mixed probabilistic-ODE approach. Using statistical criteria, we select the model with non-local transmission corresponding to a diffusion on the graph of counties that depends on the geographic proximity, with time-dependent contact rate and spatially constant parameters. This suggests that in a geographically middle size centralized country such as France, once the epidemic is established, the effect of global processes such as restriction policies and sanitary measures overwhelms the effect of local factors. Additionally, this approach reveals the latent epidemiological dynamics including the local level of immunity, and allows us to evaluate the role of non-local interactions on the future spread of the disease.
Tomographic reconstruction of the cross‐sectional refractive index distribution in semi‐transparent, birefringent fibres

Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) is used to reconstruct the complex refractive index distribution in cross‐sections of semi‐transparent, birefringent fibres. The selected fibres were polymer and animal fibres of either circular or non‐circular cross‐section with average thicknesses in the range 8–110 μm. This choice of samples was made to illustrate the imaging capabilities of ODT, and also to demonstrate some potential applications of the technique. The images representing the reconstructed refractive index distributions have a spatial resolution of about 2 μm, and show noticeable image contrast for refractive index variations of about 0·001. The ODT reconstructions compare well with refractive index information provided with the samples, and with scanning electron micrographs of cross‐sections of the same fibre samples. From these results it appears that ODT can be used to reconstruct the complex refractive index distribution in cross‐sections of semi‐transparent, birefringent fibres.