Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On randomized reductions to the random strings

We study the power of randomized polynomial-time non-adaptive reductions to the problem of approximating Kolmogorov complexity and its polynomial-time bounded variants. As our first main result, we give a sharp dichotomy for randomized non-adaptive reducibility to approximating Kolmogorov complexity. We show that any computable language L that has a randomized polynomial-time non-adaptive reduction (satisfying a natural honesty condition) to ω(log(n))-approximating the Kolmogorov complexity is in AM ∩ coAM. On the other hand, using results of Hirahara [28], it follows that every language in NEXP has a randomized polynomial-time non-adaptive reduction (satisfying the same honesty condition as before) to O(log(n))-approximating the Kolmogorov complexity. As our second main result, we give the first negative evidence against the NP-hardness of polynomial-time bounded Kolmogorov complexity with respect to randomized reductions. We show that for every polynomial t', there is a polynomial t such that if there is a randomized time t' non-adaptive reduction (satisfying a natural honesty condition) from SAT to ω(log(n))-approximating Kt complexity, then either NE = coNE or E has sub-exponential size non-deterministic circuits infinitely often.
Human authentication with finger textures based on image feature enhancement

The main goal of this paper is to authenticate people according to their finger textures. We propose to extract Finger Texture (FT) features of the four finger images (index, middle, ring and little) from a low resolution contactless hand image. Furthermore, we apply a new Image Feature Enhancement (IFE) method to enhance the FTs. The resulting feature image is segmented and a Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) is employed as an intelligent classifier for recognition. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed approach has superior performance than recent published work. Moreover, the best IFE results were obtained with the Equal Error Rate (EER) equal to 4.07%.
Development of an Optimised Dataset for

Artificial intelligence in computer vision has focused on improving test performance using techniques and architectures related to deep neural networks. However, improvements can also be achieved by carefully selecting the training dataset images. Environmental factors, such as light intensity, affect the image’s appearance and by choosing optimal factor levels the neural network’s performance can improve. However, little research into processes which help identify optimal levels is available. This research presents a case study which uses a process for developing an optimised dataset for training an object detection neural network. Images are gathered under controlled conditions using multiple factors to construct various training datasets. Each dataset is used to train the same neural network and the test performance compared to identify the optimal factors. The opportunity to use synthetic images is introduced, which has many advantages including creating images when real-world images are unavailable, and more easily controlled factors.
Rabbit Oral Papillomatosis: Ultrastructure of Experimental Infection1

Summary Oral papillomatosis of the rabbit was produced by experi mental inoculation with tissue homogenates, its course of de velopment being studied by gross observation and electron microscopy. Prior to the formation of a definite papilloma, the inoculation site was edematous and no virus could be demon strated. Gross evidence of a well-defined tumor coincided with the finding of the virus at 14 days postinoculation. After 28 days, signs of regression of the tumor were noted. At the termination of the experiment, which was 100 days postinoculation, the tumor was small and less well defined; although re gression was pronounced, the virus was still demonstrable. The well-developed tumors of experimentally infected rabbits ap peared the same, and the ultrastructure was similar in all re spects to the naturally occurring rabbit oral papillomatosis.
Focus on Meiosis Mammalian egg activation: from Ca 2 1 spiking to cell cycle progression

Mammalian eggs arrest at metaphase of the second meiotic division (MetII). Sperm break this arrest by inducing a series of Ca 2 1 spikes that last for several hours. During this time cell cycle resumption is induced, sister chromatids undergo anaphase and the second polar body is extruded. This is followed by decondensation of the chromatin and the formation of pronuclei. Ca 2 1 spiking is both the necessary and solely sufﬁcient sperm signal to induce full egg activation. How MetII arrest is established, how the Ca 2 1 spiking is induced and how the signal is transduced into cell cycle resumption are the topics of this review. Although the roles of most components of the signal transduction pathway remain to be fully investigated, here I pre-sent a model in which a sperm-speciﬁc phospholipase C (PLC z ) generates Ca 2 1 spikes to activate calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and so switch on the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C). APC/C activation leads to securin and cyclin B1 degradation and in so doing allows sister chromatids to be segregated and to decondense.
Soluble &Microglobulin-free Class I Heayy ChainsAre Released from the Surface of Activated and Leukemia Cells by a Metalloprotease*

Regulation of the expression of major histocompatibil- ity complex (MHC) class I heavy chains not associated with Pz-microglobulin (fi2m) on freshly isolated and in vitro cultured human B and T leukemia cells was analyzed. These fizm-free class I heavy chains originate from surface Pzm-associated MHC class I molecules and are expressed as integral membrane glycoproteins on activated, but not resting, cells. We found that the levels of p2m-free class I heavy chains can be regulated by proteolytic cleavage and release into the medium of soluble molecules containing the extracellular domains. The release is mediated by a Zn2+-dependent, mem-brane-bound metalloprotease that does not cleave HLA- DR., CD4, and CD71 surface receptors and can be activated by phorbol myristate acetate. Specific cleavage by the metalloprotease occurs at a site close to the papain cleavage site in the a3 domain of class I heavy chains. This site is not accessible to the metalloprotease in Pzm-associated MHC class I molecules. The dissociation of P2m-associated MHC class I molecules and subsequent cleavage of Pzm-free class I heavy chains may be par- tially responsible for
The inﬂuence of non-linear elasticity on the determination of Weibull parameters using the ﬁbre bundle tensile test

We address the inﬂuence of individual ﬁbre stress–strain non-linearity on the extraction of Weibull-parameters from ﬁbre bundle tensile tests. We extend the statistical theory of ﬁbre bundle strength to include the non-linear elastic behaviour observed in many technically important ﬁbres, e.g. glass-, carbon-, and alumina-ﬁbres. It is shown that neglecting this non-linearity may lead to signiﬁcant errors in determining the shape and scale parameters of the ﬁbre fracture strength Weibull-distribution. A reﬁnement of the existing extraction technique, accounting for this effect, is presented. The error resulting from neglecting the non-linear behaviour is assessed through a parametric study of the Weibull parameters for different levels of non-linearity. Explicit calculations are performed for two ﬁbres of technical importance, namely Nextel 610 e a -alumina ﬁbre and a T300 carbon ﬁbre.
Using Reverse Engineering to Face Malware

4 Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4599-0450 Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6255-9828 Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7244-2631 Email: daniel.diaz@escuelaing.edu. co Armada Nacional ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7038-0710 Using Reverse Engineering to Face Malware
Microvillar Membrane Microdomains Exist at Physiological Temperature ROLE OF GALECTIN-4 AS LIPID RAFT STABILIZER REVEALED BY “SUPERRAFTS”*

Lipid rafts (glycosphingolipid/cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains) have been isolated as low temperature, detergent-resistant membranes from many cell types, but despite their presumed importance as lateral sorting and signaling platforms, fundamental questions persist concerning raft function and even existence in vivo . The nonionic detergent Brij 98 was used to isolate lipid rafts from microvillar membrane vesicles of intestinal brush borders at physiological temperature to compare with rafts, obtained by “conventional” extraction using Triton X-100 at low temperature. Microvillar rafts prepared by the two protocols were mor-phologically different but had essentially similar profiles of protein- and lipid components, showing that raft microdomains do exist at 37 °C and are not “low temperature artifacts. ” We also employed a novel method of sequential detergent extraction at increasing temperature to define a fraction of highly detergent-resistant “superrafts. ” These were enriched in galec-tin-4, a (cid:1) -galactoside-recognizing lectin residing on the extracellular side of the membrane. Superrafts also harbored the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked alkaline phosphatase and the transmembrane aminopeptidase N, whereas the peripheral lipid raft protein annexin 2 was essentially absent. In conclusion, in the microvillar membrane, galectin-4,
Model research of protective system based on petri nets theory

The paper proposes a modeling method for protective system and analyzes hybrid characteristic and mathematic representation of protective system. Model of distance relay is built using programmable timed Petri Nets. It divides protective system's working condition into discrete state logic layer and continuous state layer. A high-level discrete events supervisory is used to coordinate the actions of various subsystems. The inputs of relay are variables of continuous state and the operations of relay are discrete events of discrete state. The coordination of protective relay and autoreclosing circuit breaker is considered in building relaymodel. Simulation results prove its feasibility.
Behavior of Different Configuration of Piled Raft Foundation for a High-Rise Building by using FEM

In this paper, the numerical simulation is performed on two piled raft configurations having uniform loading on a piled raft foundation. To investigate the interaction between various parameters of pile soil foundation with varying components of its length of pile, diameter and raft thickness. These components are critical for increasing the foundation’s bearing capacity. It’s important aspect to achieve a reliable design to optimize piled raft foundations subjected to uniformed load- settlement behaviors of the curves. These load – settlements are basically depending on the changing of their components piled raft foundation. These component of piled raft foundations to choose an optimal selection of embedded length of pile (L/dP), normalized diameter of pile (L/dP) and normalized raft thickness (tR/dP). The effect of load-settlement on distributions of shear force and bending moments is also investigated. In this study, a finite elements methods based on numerical tools ELPLA software is used for numerical simulation. The study’s findings validate the numerical analysis for the calculation of proper pile configuration arrangement, as a result of settlements. It will be generated as formation of contours patterns as shear stress and bending moments on the rafts, may be minimized with the total pile length. The conclusion drawn from the study validates the numerical analysis for the computation of proper pile arrangement can results in total and differential settlements, as well as generated shear stress and bending moments on the rafts, are all being reduced, with identical total pile length. Moreover, it captures the contours patterns of different behaviors of piled raft settlements, maximum shear force and maximum moments.
The Property of Cold Shop Pitch Material and Compound Technology

Repair the hollow hole of road surface with cold shop pitch compound, have convenient, shortcut etc. advantage. For guaranteeing its loose and squeezing ramming, is compounding method, go up, if use pitch and the viscosity of pitch mix pitch compound with quantity, additive as well as fair material grading etc. with heat have great difference. Practice shows, the cold shop material performance characteristics that develops development is good, cost reduces than similar import material large.
Vehicle Dynamic Development and System Analysis Project

The Vehicle Construction Laboratory of the Óbuda University has been funded to develop Shell EcoMaraton, Bosch GoKart, Bosch Electromobile, Emerson Pneubobile, and Formula Student Hungary project cars. Some international cooperation, based on the European Commission’s Erasmus+ program, has already taken place in the lab. In the year 2021 a mixed team of Hungarian, and international students (participants of the Stipendium Hungaricum scholarship program) started to work on a project related to Vehicle Dynamic. The scope of the project is to develop a test car, that can be driven in a conventional way or capable of autonomous operation. The short range goals are the following: to build a car, with electric driving and steering capabilities, and to work out the system scheme of sensor, controller, and actuator network, for system development, mathematical analysis, and modelling/simulation.
A Review of Radar Imaging Technique based on Compressed Sensing

Compressed Sensing(CS) theory is a great breakthrough of traditional Nyquist sampling theory,it accomplishes compressive sampling and recovery of signal based on the sparsity of interested signal,the randomicity of measurement matrix and nonlinearized optimization method.Thus,as a fire-new signal processing theory,CS provides great possibilities for overcoming inherent limitations of traditional radar,and has potential to resolve many problems associated with high resolution radar,such as high sampling rate, too many dada and difficulties of real time processing.This paper first gives a brief introduction of CS principle,then radar imaging technique based on CS is discussed and analyzed in detail,thereafter a particular and comprehensive review of CS applications in high resolution radar is presented,including CS in SAR/ISAR,Through-the-Wall Radar,MIMO radar,Ground-Penetrating Radar etc., from which we can see the large potential of CS in simplifying radar hardware,conquering data limitations,improving radar imaging performance etc.Moreover,the subsistent problems in current research and need further research are pointed out,also the advantages and disadvantages of radar imaging based on CS are summed up finally.
ON UNIVERSAL CHARACTER OF THE PRIMITIVE LOGIC

The PRIMITIVE LOGIC LO introduced in my former work is a logic having only two logical constants IMPLICATION -* and UNIVERSAL QUANTIFICATION ( ) with their usual inference rules which are admitted even in the INTUITIONISTIC PREDICATE LOGIC LJ. LO is really a very simple logic, maybe the simplest possible logic as one can imagine, but it is very important because of its universal character. In fact, popular logics such as the LOWER CLASSICAL PREDICATE LOGIC LK, the INTUITIONISTIC PREDICATE LOGIC LJ, the MINIMAL PREDICATE . LOGIC LM, etc. can be faithfully interpreted in it. Speaking frankly, I am further expecting that all the important logics would be interpreted faithfully in it and would disclose their intrinsic characteristics by being interpreted in it. Main purpose of this paper is to show the universal character of the primitive logic LO by pointing out that a series of typical logics are faithfully interpretable in LO. The lower classical predicate logic LK and the intuitionistic predicate logic LJ may be the most popular logics. LK is a logic stronger than LJ in the sense that all the propositions provable in LJ are surely provable in LK but propositions provable in LK are not always provable in LJ. However, we can not expect that any pair of logics are always in such situation. For example, we can really reason in a logic in which tertium non datur holds but not the principle that contradiction implies everything. Let us denote this logic by LD according to Curry. Then, propositions provable in LJ are not always prov-
Ghana of Education: Issues and Practice ( GJE )

The study examined the influence of the school feeding programme on access to basic education in the South Tongu District in the Volta Region, Ghana. Mixed method research approach was employed to conduct the study. Stratified random sampling and purposive sampling procedures were used to select 213 respondents for the study. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect the data for the study. Data gathered through questionnaires were analysed using descriptive statistics such as percentages and frequencies while interview data analysis was done using the thematic approach. The results of the study showed that the school feeding programme has a significant influence on increased enrolment, attendance and retention of pupils in the South Tongu District. However, the implementation of the programme has put pressure on teaching and learning resources as well as increased teacher-pupil ratio. The study therefore, recommended that the government, implementation ministries and agencies should increase the existing human, physical and financial resources for the school feeding programme to be sustained.
The beta 2-adrenergic receptor as a surrogate odorant receptor in mouse olfactory sensory neurons

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. The beta 2-adrenergic receptor as a surrogate odorant receptor in mouse olfactory sensory neurons Masayo Omura, Xavier Grosmaitre, Minghong Ma, Peter Mombaerts
Further Discussion on the Energy Random Analysis of Train Derailment

In this paper, the fundamental problems in the calculation of derailment in the world are expounded: The uniqueness of the solution of the vibration equations of the car and track fails to be guaranteed; The exciting source is unable to include all of the factors which result in the transverse vibration of the train track system; The calculation of random vibration of the train track system can not be resolved; It is irrelevancy to consider the calculation of the wheel/rail interactive force as the breakthrough in the analysis of derailment; The random maximum value of the derailment coefficient Q/P and the wheel load reducing rate Δ P/P of actual train can not be reflected by the limited value of Q/P and Δ P/P in existing criterion, therefore, whether the possible value of Q/P and Δ P/P of the actual train don't exceed the limited value can not be guaranteed. In addition, the theory and practice of the energy random analysis for train derailment are more discussed afterwards literature ; The derailment analysis instances, which correspond to the actual results, are made again; The measures about preventing train derailment and the calculation method of the safety coefficient against derailment N are presented.
Application of GIS for international urban systems analysis

It is recognized that the spatial organization of urban systems can be abstracted as three main components: point, line and area. Even though this substance of urban systems coincides with the main purpose of GIS for spatial or geometric data types such as point, arc and polygon, little attention has been given to this aspect. The potential analytical capabilities of GIS for international urban systems are demonstrated using a case study of the international urban system of China and Japan. It was found that obtaining unified digital base maps is a basic and important requirement for database building. Introducing the concept of graph or the conjunction of graph and map can present us infinite possibilities to develop new methods.
Design of a UWB low insertion loss bandpass filter with spurious response suppression

This article describes a new ultrawideband (UWB) microstrip bandpass filter based on a dual-mode ring resonator with spur-line structures placed at the input and output ports. This type of filter is characterized by its compact size, sharp rejection, low insertion loss and wide stopbands. The spur-line structure generates a band rejection to suppress the spurious response without changing the prototype design. In addition, the resonance frequency of the spur-line bandstop filter can be accurately and conveniently calculated. The highest attenuation of the spurious levels in the proposed filter is greater than 33 dB without degradation of the performance of the bandpass filter.
Typhoon Type Index: A New Index for Understanding the Rain or Wind Characteristics of Typhoons and Its Application to Agricultural Losses and Crop Vulnerability

Heavy rainfall and strong wind are the two main sources of disasters that are caused by tropical cyclones (TCs), and typhoons with different characteristics may induce different agricultural losses. Traditionally, the classiﬁcation of typhoon intensity has not considered the amount of rainfall. Here, we propose a novel ap- proach to calculate the typhoon type index (TTI). A positive TTI represents a ‘‘wind type’’ typhoon, where the overalldamage in a certain area from TCs is dominatedby strongwind. On the other hand, a negative TTI represents a ‘‘rain type’’ typhoon, where the overall damagein a certain area from TCs is dominated by heavy rainfall. From the TTI, the vulnerability of crop losses from different types of typhoons can be compared and explored. For example, Typhoon Kalmaegi (2008) was classiﬁed as a rain-type typhoon (TTI 5 2 1.22). The most affected crops were oriental melons and leafy vegetables. On the contrary, Typhoon Soudelor (2015) was classiﬁed as a signiﬁcant wind-type typhoon in most of Taiwan (TTI 5 1.83), and the damaged crops were mainly bananas, bamboo shoots, pomelos, and other crops that are easily blown off by strong winds. Through the method that is proposed in this study, we can understand the characteristics of each typhoon that deviate from the general situation and explore the damages that are mainly caused by strong winds or heavy rainfall at different locations. This approach can provide very useful information that is important for the disaster analysis of different agricultural products.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University ViDE: A Visual Data Extraction Environment for the Web ViDE: A Visual Data Extraction Environment for the Web

With the rapid growth of information on the Web, a means to combat information overloadis critical. In this paper, we present ViDE (Visual Data Extraction), an interactive web data extraction environment that supports eÆcient hierar-chical data wrapping of multiple web pages. ViDE has two unique features that di(cid:11)erentiate it from other extraction mechanisms. First, data extraction rules can be easily speci(cid:12)ed in a graphical user interface that is seamlessly integrated with a web browser. Second, ViDE introduces the concept of grouping which unites the extraction rules for a set of documents with the navigational patterns that exist among them. This paper describes our initial development of the system.