Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient Energy Conversion of Wastes and Fuels in Power Systems

Efficient fossil energy use with low pollution in all kinds of power plants is of growing interest in all industrial sectors. The use of energy is growing steadily by many countries worldwide due to the greater desire for enhancing better standards of living and to increase productivity. Efficient energy use is favorable for better productivity product quality, costs, and quality of human life but the energy use adversely impacts our environment. During the past decade energy demands from China and India have grown significantly and is projected to grow even more in the coming decades as they enhance their living standards and productivity. This clearly requires close examination of the available methods of fossil fuel energy conversion as well as advanced methods that will provide increased efficiency and pollution reduction. This section, after brief review on historical perspectives on energy conversion, provides a short review on the various methods used for energy conversion in industrial power plants as well as new innovative methods that are now beginning to become available with significant fuel saving, compact size of the equipment and low pollution. As an example, high temperature air combustion technology has seen wider acceptance of the technology in many kinds of industrial furnaces, in particular, for use in steel industry and fuel reforming furnaces with demonstrated energy savings of about 30% (on the average), about 25% reduction in the size of the equipment (compact size), about 50% reduction in low pollution and better quality of the product produced. Such significant energy savings were only dream of engineers in the past. This technology has been adapted by many countries worldwide. In addition advanced technologies are developed or being developed for use with coals (and solid fuels) since its cost based on energy content is low as compared to gaseous fuels, such as natural gas. Several commonly used methods in power generation are presented along with integrated and hybrid systems for increased efficiency. Clear representation is provided of the output energy available from known input energy. Some energy conversion techniques provide in-situ capture of pollutants while others must use air pollution control devices for pollution capture and/or pollution reduction prior to waste gases discharge to the atmosphere. The information provides quick guide on the commonly used methods of energy conversion in the USA and Europe, in particular when using solid fuels, such as coal. It is expected that future systems will be more energy efficient and emit even lower pollution via the use of combined cycle systems and integrated energy conversion systems. Advanced high temperature steam gasification results in hydrogen-rich syngas of higher heating value, reduced volume of the waste, and the remaining residue is clean and non-leachable.
FORMAL REPRESENTATION OF THE PIXEL-BY-PIXEL CLASSIFICATION PROCESS USING A MODIFIED WANG-MENDEL NEURAL NETWORK

The subject of research in the article are the processes of formalization of the pixel-by-pixel classification problem using the modified fuzzy neural production network of Wang-Mendel for segmentation of urban structures in the automated analysis of space and aerial photographs of the city. The purpose of the work is to develop the architecture of the modified fuzzy neural production network of Wang-Mendel as a classifier for image segmentation to increase the values of efficiency and reliability of urban monitoring. The following tasks are solved in the article: analysis of possibilities of Wang-Mendel network modification based on representation of membership functions in terms of interval fuzzy sets of the second type (IFST2) and realization of phasing, aggregation and activation operations using IFST 2 operations, development of the architecture of the modified fuzzy neural production network of WangMendel as a classifier for image segmentation. The following methods and models are used: methods and models of fuzzy set theory (fuzzy Wang-Mendel neural network, interval fuzzy sets of the second type), methods and models of deep learning methodology (convolutional neural network for image segmentation (auto coder) U-net). The following results were obtained: the use of a fuzzy Wang-Mendel neural network as a classifier of a modified U-Net decoder based on the representation of membership functions in IFST2 and the implementation of phasing, aggregation and activation operations using operations on IFST2; introduction of an additional operation of type reduction in the phase of dephasification of the original variable based on the classical method of the center of gravity (centroid); introduction of several outputs of the network to recognize the appropriate number of classes (subclasses) of the subject area. To do this, the third layer is represented as a set of several pairs of adder neurons, and the fourth implements several normalizing neurons, the number of which corresponds to the number of pairs of the third layer. Conclusions: the use in the architecture of a convolutional neural network for segmentation of U-net images as a classifier of the modified fuzzy neural production network of Wang-Mendel will provide an additional increase in the accuracy of pixel-by-pixel classification of certain objects. Instead of fuzzy sets of the first type (FST1) in this network IFST2 are used. The proposed IFST2, on the one hand, provide a formalization of more additional degrees of uncertainty compared to FST1, on the other hand, are "implemented" in the development of fuzzy systems (models) and have less computational complexity, compared to fuzzy sets of the second type (FST2).
An assessment of activity-based modeling and simulation for applications in operational studies, disaster preparedness, and homeland security

Abstract In order to discuss features needed for homeland security modeling, a review of behavioral model paradigms and their application in travel and wayfinding along with the review of 53 activity-based models have been conducted. Two examples of homeland security studies are included to highlight these needs. This review demonstrates that only a few of the models have the desired characteristics of fine spatial and temporal resolutions as well as explicit cognitive-behavioral capabilities. Because the criticality of locations varies due to time and/or the day of the week depending on the presence of individuals and the fact that potential targets are specific locations within a city, data needs for modeling these types of scenarios exceed typical planning and forecasting modeling as well as research modeling. Finally, a discussion of data and information gaps in current research is included that focuses on land use and population data shortfalls, the need incorporating more time constraints in activity modeling including weekly and seasonal variations in travel behavior, developing a new paradigm for activity scheduling in panic and emergency situations, and the need to understand behavioral errors and biases.
Object motion detection, extraction and filtering using ANN ensembles

This research is devoted to the development of an intelligent image motion detection system based on artificial neural networks (ANN’s). Object motion detection, non-stationary image isolation and extraction, and image filtering is investigated, with the intention of developing a system that will overcome some of the shortcomings associated with the performance of conventional motion detection systems. Motion detection and image extraction finds popular application in medical imagery and engineering based diagnostics systems. Conventional image processing systems utilise Digital Signal Processing (DSP) to perform the non-stationary image motion detection function. Aliasing and filtering are problematic processes in DSP based image processing systems. The proposed ANN motion detection system overcomes some of these shortcomings. The study compares the performance of conventional DSP systems to that of the proposed ANN based system. The excellent noise immunity, ability to generalise and robustness of the ANN system is exploited in the design of the motion detection system. The ANN’s are arranged as ensembles in order to improve the computation time of the proposed motion detection system. A hybrid system comprising DSP and ANN ensembles is also proposed in the study. The hybrid system exploits the positive characteristics of DSP and ANN’s within a single system. The performance of the pure ANN system and the hybrid system is compared to that of DSP systems, using the image’s signal-to-noise ratio and computation times as a basis for comparison.
Harmonic Suppression and Performance Improvement for a Small-scale Grid-tied Wind Turbine Using Proportional–Resonant Controllers

Abstract Small-scale wind turbines installed at the end of a distribution feeder are beneficial in reducing fossil fuel use as well as power transmission loss. However, wind turbines are inherently noisy due to the electro-mechanical oscillation attributed to the harmonic distortion. To eliminate the low-order harmonic distortion and refine the power quality without purchasing additional equipment, two control loops with power factor correction and selective harmonic compensation capabilities are proposed for the inverters tapped at the wind turbine generator side and the grid side. The capacity used for selective harmonic compensation is removable with escalating wind power in the case of the over-loading condition. A proportional–resonant controller with the advantages of easy implementation and high immunity to disturbance was adopted for the inverters to achieve quick and tight regulation in current response. An algebraic algorithm based on the pole-zero cancellation technique is proposed to simplify the proportional–resonant controller design and can be used in fundamental and harmonic current control for the stator-side and grid-side inverters. The proposed strategy was assessed and validated experimentally using a 1.5kW vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT)-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) under various wind speeds.
Openflow Path Fast Failover Fast Convergence Mechanism

Whenever there is a link failure in the network, OpenFlow controller can react by computing a new backup path and provide the information to the affected node or the node can switch to backup path locally using the predefined backup path table provided by the OpenFlow controller. Setting predefined backup paths, results in a faster network rerouting time compared to backup path that establish on demand. However, it may lead to the use of sub-optimal backup path. In this paper, we present a fast and efficient failover mechanism for redirecting traffic flows to more optimal backup path when there is a link failure or congestion problem. We introduce a switch flow entry expiry mechanism to immediately reroute traffic to backup path to reduce the network restoration time. To update the switch with more optimal path information, the controller require a round trip to the network and this can introduce to slow network convergence. We proposed a local pre-calculated path dataset mechanism in Openflow controller to allow fast network convergence.
The Ambiguity Function of the Stepped Frequency Radar.

Abstract : High range resolution radar systems have many advantages such as target classification, resolution of multiple target, accurate range profile and detection of low radar cross section (RCS) targets in clutter. High range resolution requires large bandwidths. Stepped frequency waveforms can achieve high range resolution by increasing the effective bandwidth without increasing the instantaneous bandwidth which would increase the hardware requirements including higher analog to digital (AID) sampling rates which are limited by existing technology. Under today's hardware limitations, the stepped frequency waveform becomes very important. This thesis briefly discusses the stepped frequency radar and associated signal processing, it investigates the ambiguity function of the stepped frequency waveform and the stepped frequency radar system. Mathematical expressions of ambiguity functions are derived and the improvement of clutter suppression capability for the stepped frequency radar by rejecting initial pulses is also discussed.
Power transfer efficiency of mutually coupled coils in an aluminum AUV hull

Abstract : To charge the United States Navy's Remote Environmental Measuring Units (REMUS) autonomous undersea vehicle (AUV) in situ requires the REMUS to mate with a docking station. There are two problems with this docking station. The docking system requires the REMUS to make electrical contact with the dock, which can lead to electrical shorting in an undersea environment. The dock is also designed to fit a single type of AUV. AUVs of different sizes require a new docking system. A different means of power transfer is required that can be used in a universal docking station. An inductive power transfer (IPT) system can be used in a universal docking station. In this report, we calculated the power transfer efficiency of an IPT system operating at 100 kHz using circular coils. These calculated results were then compared to three sets of measured efficiency data: an IPT system without ferrite tiles; an IPT system with the receiving coil attached to ferrite tiles; and an IPT system with the receiving coil/ferrite tile combination placed inside an aluminum AUV hull. Efficiency was poor, less than 10 percent with an air gap of 55 mm, when the receiving coil was placed inside the aluminum hull.
Material Recognition Using Deep Learning Techniques

The classification and recognition of variety of materials that are present in our surroundings be-come an important visual competition have been focused by computer vision systems in the recentyears. Understanding the recognition of the materials in different images that involve a deep learn-ing process made use of the recent development in the field of Artificial Neural Networks broughtthe ability to train various neural network architectures for the extraction of features for this chal-lenging task. In this work, state-of-the-art Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) techniques areused to classify materials and also compare the results obtained by them.The results are gath-ered over two material data sets applying the two popular approaches of Transfer Learning. Theresults showcase that fine-tuning approach achieves very good results compared to the case of ap-proach when the information derived from the layer which is just before the fully connected layeris limited. The results of the comparison indicates the fact that there is an improvement in theperformance and the accuracy of the system particularly in the data set that contains large numberof images.
8.3.2 System Engineering Issues in the Transformation to Service Oriented Architecture

The major problem facing enterprises today is the system engineering of large scale multi‐enterprise “systems of systems“. These initiatives integrate dozens of legacy applications into a “system of pre‐existing systems” that solves a new unexpected problem. A new paradigm called the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) has been developed in hopes of managing the complexity and adaptability needed. By creating a macro system from loosely coupled modular components, SOA is a solution for the major roadblocks of large‐scale enterprise change: inflexible technology, cross‐organization initiatives, outdated strategic planning, and organizational inertia.
Lika chanser i gymnaiset? En studie om betyg, nationella prov och social reproduktion

Under 1990-talet genomfordes en genomgripande reform av det svenska gymnasiet. Dels ersattes de tidigare gymnasielinjerna med treariga program, dels flyttades ansvaret for utbildningens genomforande och ekonomi fran staten till kommunerna. Ett kriterierelaterat betygssystem ersatte ocksa det tidigare relativa. Eftersom betygen anvands som urvalsinstrument ar det viktigt att de ar likvardiga mellan skolor och program. For att stodja en likvardig betygsattning finns nationella prov for vissa kurser. Denna avhandling bygger pa en studie av hur nationella prov anvands och fungerar i betygsattningen i olika gymnasieprogram och -skolor, och hur de stammer overens med den undervisning som ges i olika gymnasiemiljoer. I studien intervjuades larare, elever och rektorer i fyra program pa fyra skolor. Resultaten visade en mycket stor variation mellan program och skolor i alla led fran undervisningens inriktning till forberedelserna, genomforandet och bedomningen av de nationella proven, och slutligen i hur de nationella proven anvandes i betygsattningen. I avhandlingen diskuteras dessa resultat i forhallande till utbildningens samhalleliga roller. En viktig slutsats ar att aldre utbildningsformers olika traditioner och uppdelning av elever med olika kon och social bakgrund pa olika utbildningsgrenar i stor utstrackning lever kvar i det nuvarande systemet.
Influence of the nonlinear behavior of viscous dampers on the seismic demand hazard of building frames

This paper analyzes the influence of damper properties on the probabilistic seismic performance of building frames equipped with viscous dampers. In particular, a probabilistic methodology is employed to evaluate the influence of the damper nonlinearity, measured by the damper exponent, on the performance of structural and nonstructural components of building frames, as described by the response hazard curves of the relevant engineering demand parameters.
Impact of Individual and Urban Traits and Urban Form on Vehicle Hours Traveled

Abstrct This study is aimed at investigating correlations regarding the impacts of individual traits, urban character, and urban form on Vehicle Hours Traveled (VHT). It takes the approach of focusing on the 5Ds, major elements of urban character and urban form that influence VHT. The 5Ds encompass the widely-known factors for reducing VHT through the 3Ds (density, diversity, design) introduced by Cervero and Kockelman (1997), as well as two additional elements of distance to transit and destination accessibility as appended by Ewing et al. (2008). This study utilizes individual traits, transportation data on individuals, and statistical data on cities provided by each city within micro data at the 2% level from the Micro Data Service System (MDSS) of the 2005 Population and Housing Census Data. It applies the Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) to analyze 79 cities with a population between 0.1 and 3 million and their residents, taking into account both the individual and urban levels. The 5Ds demonstrate a significant relation to the reduction of VHT. However, we conclude that density, a conventional element for enabling a reduction in VHT in Western cities, does not have a similarly great impact within the context of Korean cities. This research result is significant in that it provides basic data for the establishment of policies regarding the reduction of commuting time by car.
The Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Effects of Economic Agglomeration: A Spatial Perspective Based on China's Province-level Data

Based on the data of 30 provinces in China from 1995 to 2017, this paper combines exploratory spatial data analysis method, dynamic spatial Durbin model, and intermediary effect model to explore the spatial influence mechanism between economic agglomeration, energy intensity, and carbon emission intensity. The research results provide a basis for China's early realization of energy conservation and emission reduction goals, economical green development, and regional development strategy selection. Firstly, the results show that China's carbon emission intensity has apparent spatial agglomeration and path dependence characteristics. Secondly, the economic agglomeration has the dual effect of energy saving and emission reduction. Furthermore, there is a significant inverted N-curve relationship between economic agglomeration and carbon emission intensity and carbon emissions, and a significant U-shaped curve relationship exists between economic agglomeration and energy intensity. Finally, economic agglomeration can indirectly affect carbon emission intensity through the mediating effect of energy intensity, and there is a significant inverted U-shaped curve relationship between energy intensity and carbon emission intensity. Therefore, promoting mutual coordination of environmental policies and building a regional collaborative governance mechanism is an effective way to achieve a win-win situation for the environment and economy of Beautiful China.
A Method and System to Compensate Vertical Component of 3-Dimensional Magnetic Field Sensor Using The Earth`s Field

In this paper, a method and system to compensate vertical component of 3-dimensional magnetic field sensor using the earth`s field was described. Output of magnetic field sensor have a output offset that is generated setting angle error of magnetic sensor and gain error. Thus, to using the magnetic field sensor, it must be compensated. The compensation of magnetic field sensor is required at shield space. However, using the earth`s field, output offset of the sensor can be simply compensated. And, we designed system for compensation of the sensor. The proposed method and system are verified usefulness through experimental.
Using RP to promote collaborative design of customised medical implants

Purpose – The last decade has seen major advances in rapid prototyping (RP), with it becoming a multi‐disciplinary technology, crossing various research fields, and connecting continents. Process and material advancements open up new applications and manufacturing (through RP) is serving non‐traditional industries. RP technology is used to support rapid product development (RPD). The purpose of this paper is to describe how the Integrated Product Development research group of the Central University of Technology, Free State, South Africa is applying various CAD/CAM/RP technologies to support a medical team from the Grootte Schuur and Vincent Palotti hospitals in Cape Town, to save limbs – as a last resort at a stage where conventional medical techniques or practices may not apply any longer.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses action research to justify the proposal of a new method to use CAD/CAM/RP related technologies to substitute lost/damaged bone regions through the use of CT to CAD to.STL ma.