Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frequency distribution of water and solute transport properties derived from Pan sampler data

Modeling of water and solute movement requires knowledge of the nature of the spatial distribution of transport parameters. Only a few of the field experiments reported in the literature contained enough measurements to discriminate statistically between lognormal and normal distributions. To obtain statistically significant data sets, six field experiments at four different sites were performed. Different degrees of macropore and matrix flow occurred at each site. In each experiment a solute pulse was added followed by artificial or natural rainfall. Sixteen thousand spatial distributed fluxes and solute concentrations were collected with wick and gravity samplers. Spatial distributions of solute velocity, dispersion coefficient, water flux, and solute concentration were determined over different timescales ranging from 1 hour to the duration of the experiment. A chi‐square test was used to discriminate between the type of frequency distributions. The spatially distributed water and solute transport parameters when averaged over the experimental period were found to fit the lognormal distribution when macropore flow dominates. Otherwise, when only matrix flow occurs a normal distribution fitted the data better. Under no‐till cultivation, hourly concentration and water flux are lognormally distributed, while tillage makes the tracer concentration to be normally distributed. Spatial frequency distributions of daily solute concentration change in time: Concentrations were normally distributed when the bulk of the solute broke through with the highest concentrations and lognormally distributed in the beginning and end of the experiment. Daily water flux was found to be lognormally distributed throughout the experiment, but the distribution varied between water applications: Shortly after water application, when wick and gravity pan samplers collected water predominantly from macropores and normally distributed at later times when mostly matrix pores were sampled with wick pan samplers.
Time-variable, event-based walking control for biped robots

Most walking controllers for biped robots are based on a synchronized phase-based structure, where trajectories are executed following predefined timing constraints. This inherent fixed time dependency makes humanoid robots extremely susceptible to irregularities in terrain compared to their biological counterparts. We present an event-based control strategy which incorporates a time-variable phase to help deal with unexpected early and late contact situations. It results in an improved robustness against such scenarios, as shown by simulation results of our robot Lola.
Design of a Compact Broadband 90° Waveguide Twist Based on Double-Corner-Cut Square Slots

A new compact broadband waveguide twist by double-corner-cut square slots is presented. In particular, the proposed module is made from two substrate layers and three copper cladding layers, which can be used as the waveguide twist and broadband filter. A double-corner-cut square slot is etched on each metal layer with relative rotation. It is found that the optimized module can provide the bandwidths of no less than 6.1% at the 10-dB return-loss level or 4.3% at the 20-dB level with a minimum length of 0.07 waveguide width.
Integrated quality management and sustainability for enhancing the competitiveness of tourism in Egypt

Improving the quality of Egyptian tourist destinations is essential in satisfying tourists' needs, making the Egyptian tourism industry more competitive, and ensuring that tourism development is in a balanced and sustainable way. This research aims to explain how Integrated Quality Management (IQM), as an integrated management tool, can improve the level of sustainability in Egyptian tourism to enhance competitiveness. Statistical tests such as reliability, statistical mean, Qi² test, regression analysis and the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) have been used to examine the research findings. The findings reveal that the level of indicators of IQM and of sustainability in Egyptian tourism is weak because the level of cost and externalities of tourism development is high and the transport system is poor and operates in an inefficient manner. Together, IQM and sustainability provide the basis for building community, industry and agency capacity to manage tourism resources in a more integrated manner to improve the competitiveness of Egypt as a macro tourist destination.
The Effects of Knowledge Characteristics and Absorptive Capacity on the Performance of Knowledge Transfer for SMEs: The Moderation Views of Organizational Structure

Following the perspective of organizational structure and knowledge management, this paper is to discuss two research questions: (1) how knowledge characteristics affect staff’s absorptive capacity, and afterwards influences on the Performance of Knowledge Transfer; (2) whether organizational structure will mediate the relationship between knowledge characteristics and staff ’s absorptive capacity. Based on the sample of 171 SMEs, the empirical results showed that: (1) The higher the level of knowledge complexity, and the higher the staff’s absorptive capacity, the better the performance of knowledge transfer within the organization. (2) An organization structure with higher levels of coordination is more likely to affect positively the relationship between tacit knowledge and absorptive capacity. (3) An organization structure with higher levels of specialization is more likely to affect negatively the relationship between tacit knowledge and absorptive capacity. (4) An organization structure with higher levels of specialization is more likely to affect positively the relationship between knowledge complexity and absorptive capacity.
On the injectivity of cycle maps

Let L denote also the induced filtration on CH(X)Q. In [17, II] we showed that the cycle map (0.1) is surjective if the Hodge conjecture is true for any smooth projective varieties. In this case, the Gr|cl are bijective, and (0.2) holds with the left hand side replaced by GrlCH(Z)Q, and f, / by 2p, p (but L may be non separated). The existence of such a filtration was suggested by Bloch [4]. The injectivity of (0.1) is equivalent to the separatedness of the filtration L on CE(X)Q, and would imply Bloch's conjecture [4]. The bijectivity of (0.1) is related with a problem that MM (Spec C, Q), the category of (still conjectural) mixed motives (cf. [1]) with base field C and Q-coefficients, might be close to the category of mixed Hodge structures of geometric origin
THE VERY MASSIVE STAR CONTENT OF THE NUCLEAR STAR CLUSTERS IN NGC 5253

The blue compact dwarf galaxy NGC 5253 hosts a very young starburst containing twin nuclear star clusters, separated by a projected distance of 5 pc. One cluster (#5) coincides with the peak of the Hα emission and the other (#11) with a massive ultracompact H ii region. A recent analysis of these clusters shows that they have a photometric age of 1 ± 1 Myr, in apparent contradiction with the age of 3–5 Myr inferred from the presence of Wolf-Rayet features in the cluster #5 spectrum. We examine Hubble Space Telescope ultraviolet and Very Large Telescope optical spectroscopy of #5 and show that the stellar features arise from very massive stars (VMSs), with masses greater than 100 M⊙, at an age of 1–2 Myr. We further show that the very high ionizing flux from the nuclear clusters can only be explained if VMSs are present. We investigate the origin of the observed nitrogen enrichment in the circumcluster ionized gas and find that the excess N can be produced by massive rotating stars within the first 1 Myr. We find similarities between the NGC 5253 cluster spectrum and those of metal-poor, high-redshift galaxies. We discuss the presence of VMSs in young, star-forming galaxies at high redshift; these should be detected in rest-frame UV spectra to be obtained with the James Webb Space Telescope. We emphasize that population synthesis models with upper mass cutoffs greater than 100 M⊙ are crucial for future studies of young massive star clusters at all redshifts.
Gas hydrate saturation at Site C0002, IODP Expeditions 314 and 315, in the Kumano Basin, Nankai trough

The degree of gas hydrate saturation at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site C0002 in the Kumano Basin, Nankai Trough, was estimated from logging‐while‐drilling logs and core samples obtained during IODP Expeditions 314 and 315. Sediment porosity data necessary for the calculation of saturation were obtained from both core samples and density logs. Two forms of the Archie equation (‘quick‐look’ and ‘standard’) were used to calculate gas hydrate saturation from two types of electrical resistivity log data (ring resistivity and bit resistivity), and a three‐phase Biot‐type equation was used to calculate gas hydrate saturation from P‐wave velocity log data. The gas hydrate saturation baseline calculated from both resistivity logs ranges from 0% to 35%, and that calculated from the P‐wave velocity log ranges from 0% to 30%. High levels of gas hydrate saturation (>60%) are present as spikes in the ring resistivity log and correspond to the presence of gas hydrate concentrations within sandy layers. At several depths, saturation values obtained from P‐wave velocity data are lower than those obtained from bit resistivity data; this discrepancy is related to the presence of free gas at these depths. Previous research has suggested that gas from deep levels in the Kumano Basin has migrated up‐dip towards the southern and seaward edge of the basin near Site C0002. The high saturation values and presence of free gas at site C0002 suggest that a large gas flux is flowing to the southern and seaward edge of the basin from a deeper and/or more landward part of the Kumano Basin, with the southern edge of the Kumano Basin (the location of site C0002) being the main area of fluid accumulation.
The Role of Gender in Agricultural Productivity in the Philippines: The Average Treatment Effect*

Using average treatment effect and data from 2012 the Central Luzon Loop Survey, this study investigates the role of gender in rice production. Results indicate that female-headed farm households, despite having limited access to land, have a higher value of rice production than their male counterparts. However, there is no significant difference between net farm incomes earned by male- and female-headed farm households. Female-headed households have higher fixed costs, consequently earning less total household income. Findings from this study indicate that women are less efficient in farming, but are more likely to adopt improved seed varieties. In addition, female-headed farm households are better at controlling farming costs.
The deterioration of a business relationship- Typological approach of the customers’ reaction

Inter-organisational relationships are sometimes subject to degradation. When incidents arise, and relationship attractiveness decreases, its evolution becomes uncertain. Adopting the supplier perspective, and starting from the idea that the outcome of the degradation process is mainly determined by customers’ reactions, this paper aims to develop a framework helping managers to understand those reactions. We propose that customers’ reactions vary as a function of the nature of the business relationship and the customer commitment when degradation begins. Based on a qualitative case study, a typology of business relationships is presented and it explains the specific reaction that each type of customer is likely to adopt.
Information Transmission between India and International Commodities Futures Market: An Empirical Study for Bullion and Metals

This study examines the process of information transmission in futures prices of bullion (gold and silver) and metals (aluminum, copper, and zinc) between India, represented by MCX, and its global counterparts trading platforms, such as COMEX, LME, and SHFE, for the period of 2005 to 2012. Structural breaks are identified for all sample series, which capture the impact of the recent economic crisis on these commodity markets. The price discovery results confirm that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship among the futures prices of examined trading platforms in each commodity series, with the exception of aluminum. The MGARCH results of volatility spillovers indicate that, in the case of bullion, MCX seems to be more dominant than COMEX, implying that it is no longer a satellite market, while in case of metals, LME seems to play the dominant role followed by MCX and SHFE. The research contributes to the commodity market literature for emerging economies.
Analysis of linear coaxial antennas

Two types of linear coaxial antennas, coaxial-colinear antennas, and slotted coaxial antennas are studied to check the possibility of using them as the base-station antenna in personal communication systems. The slot voltages and input impedance of linear coaxial antennas are obtained by using a transmission-line analysis where the radiation effect is accounted by a shunt and a serial admittance, respectively. The current distribution is obtained by solving an integral equation using the method of moments. The radiation pattern and directivity are then obtained from the current distribution and the reflection coefficient inside the coaxial cable. Factors analyzed include frequency, coaxial filling permittivity and segment number.
Elevated Expression of Hypoxanthine Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase within Malignant Tissue

Hypoxanthine Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) is a housekeeping enzyme involved in the purine synthesis of guanine and inosine in the salvage pathway. While other salvage pathway enzymes, such as TK1, have been established as biomarkers for both cancer cell proliferation and cancer development, little research been done to evaluate whether HPRT has the same potential as a cancer biomarker. We designed this study to determine if HPRT has value as an identifier of malignancy within the most common types of cancer. We utilized histological samples from lung, colon, prostate, and breast cancer with additional normal tissue to evaluate whether there was any elevation of HPRT within malignant samples. In addition, we also assessed general HPRT expression within patient’s samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to confirm clinical relevance. We found that within a subset of patients, there was significant elevation of HPRT when compared to normal tissue controls. This elevation was seen in 33-55% of the malignant samples and appears to have no dependence on cancer stage. There were slight differences in staining patterns among all the organ types, but overall each organ displayed the same pattern of ‘HPRT high’ and ‘HPRT low’ populations within malignant samples. We found that in our TCGA samples, there was a similar elevation of HPRT that was significant when compared to normal controls. Overall, as an upregulated enzyme that does not directly correlate with stage, HPRT could become a valuable marker in the early diagnosis of a variety of solid tumors.
FUNCTIONS TO ADJUST TRANSPORT RATES FROM A HELLEY-SMITH SAMPLER TO BEDLOAD TRAPS IN COARSE GRAVEL-BED STREAMS (RATING CURVE APPROACH)

A method is described for adjusting gravel rating curves from mountain streams measured with a 3-inch Helley-Smith (HS) sampler closer to what is thought to be their true value. The study analyzed the relationship of gravel transport sampled with a HS sampler and with bedload traps, a sampler not restricted by short sampling time, small opening size, and direct bed contact. The computed inter-sampler transport relationships vary among streams and fall into two stream groups. HS adjustment function were computed for each group and are predictable from bedload characteristics as measured by bedload traps and, to a lesser degree, as measured with a HS sampler.
The Negative Impact of Renewable Energy Consumption on Carbon Dioxide Emissions: An empirical evidence from South American Countries

The impact of renewable energy consumption on the carbon dioxide emissions was analyzed for a panel of ten South American countries in a period from 1980 to 2012. The Autoregressive r to decompose the total effect of renewable energy consumption on the carbon dioxide emissions in its short- and long-run components. The results indicate that the consumption of renewable energy reduce the carbon dioxide emissions in -0.0420 % when the consumption of alternative sources increases in 1% in short-run. Keywords: Renewable energy, environmental, energy economics, econometric.
Air injection in the draft tube of a Francis turbine to improve the efficiency:a sperimental study

Lo scopo di questa tesi e studiare il comportamento delle bolle iniettate nel tubo di scarico di una turbina Francis e la possibilita di utilizzare questo metodo per ridurre l'attrito tra l’acqua scaricata dalla turbina e la parete del tubo
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NATURAL CONVECTION IN HORIZONTAL ANNULI AT LOW AND MODERATE Ra

The natural convection at low and moderate Rayleigh numbers (Ra) in cylindrical horizontal annuli with imposed temperatures in both surfaces is numerically studied. This flow inside concentric cylinders classic configuration has a wide range of practical and technological applications, which justifies its growing studies efforts. In this work, the governing equations are discretized by the volume finite technique over a staggered grid, with second-order accuracy in space and time. The flow pattern is presented by several Rayleigh numbers, with an analysis of the heat transfer coefficient and flow properties. Furthermore, a three-dimensional field is shown at a moderate Ra number. The results showed a good agreement with the experimental data.
Materializing Architecture Recovered from OO Source Code in Component-Based Languages

In the literature of software engineering, many approaches have been proposed for the recovery of software architectures. These approaches propose to group classes into highly-cohesive and loosely-coupled clusters considered as architectural components. The recovered architecture plays mainly a documentation role, as high-level design views that enhance software understandability. In addition, architecture recovery can be considered as an intermediate step for migration to component-based platforms. This migration allows to fully benefit from all advantages brought by software component concept. For that, the recovered clusters should not be considered as simple packaging and deployment units. They should be treated as real components: true structural and behavior units that are instantiable from component descriptors and connected together to materialize the architecture of the software. In this paper, we propose an approach for revealing component descriptors, component instances and component-based architecture to materialize the recovered architecture of an object-oriented software in component-based languages. We applied our solution onto two well known component-based languages, OSGi and SOFA.
Optimal Distributed Energy Resources Sizing for Commercial Building Hybrid Microgrids

As microgrids have advanced from early prototypes to relatively mature technologies, converting data center integrated commercial buildings to microgrids provides economic, reliability and resiliency enhancements for the building owners. Thus, microgrid design and economically sizing distributed energy resources (DER) are becoming more demanding to gain widespread microgrids commercial viability. In this paper, an optimal DER sizing formulation for a hybrid AC/DC microgrid configuration has been proposed to leverage all benefits that AC or DC microgrid could solely contribute. Energy storage (ES), photovoltaics (PV) and power electronics devices are coordinately sized for economic grid-connected and reliable islanded operations. Time-of-use (TOU) energy usages charges and peak demand charges are explicitly modeled to achieve maximum level of cost savings. Numerical results obtained from a real commercial building load demonstrate the benefits of the proposed approach and the importance of jointly sizing DER for the grid-connected and islanded modes.
Eight hundred years of environmental changes in a high Alpine lake (Gossenköllesee, Tyrol) inferred from sediment records

Documentary and sediment records (diatoms, chrysophyte stomatocysts, plant pigments, carbon and nitrogen, metals and mineral magnetics) were used to reconstruct environmental changes in the high alpine lake Gossenkollesee (Tyrol, Austria) during the last 800 years. The records revealed complex interactions between human impact and climate. Gossenkollesee was predominantly influenced by land-use, which supplied nutrients to the lake. Documentary records report intensive sheep and cattle farming in the area around Gossenkollesee during medieval times. Pigments and chrysophyte stomatocysts indicated high nutrient concentrations prior to ca 1770 AD. First changes in land-use, however, were already detected ca 1670 AD. In 1675 AD the “Schwaighof” near Gossenkollesee, a perennial high altitude settlement, was sold to the Earl of Spaur, and farm management probably changed. After approx. 1770 AD in-lake production was reduced, indicating a decrease in land-use. According to historical records, the perennial settlement near Gossenkollesee was abandoned by at least 1890 AD. Gossenkollesee was also affected by fish stocking. Arctic charr (Salmo trutta morpha fario L.) was introduced into the lake, most probably at the end of the 15th century. A decline in carbon, nitrogen and the pigments alloxanthin (cryptophytes) and astaxanthin (grazers) indicate a significant removal of grazers by fish. Superimposed on human activity, climate changes have also had a significant impact on Gossenkollesee. High productivity during the 12th century suggested by the plant pigment records might have been favoured by temperature increases, indicated by pronounced glacier retreats which began during the 10th/11th century. The “Schwaighof” near Gossenkollesee was sold to the Earl of Spaur when winter temperatures declined substantially in the 1670s. Changes in C/N ratio, iron, manganese and mineral magnetics indicated increased detrital input from the catchment, starting approx. 1670 AD. Erosion and detrital input into the lake intensified during cold periods (1688 – 1701 AD and 1820 – 1850 AD), as indicated by a high C/N ratio, metals and mineral magnetics.
Mechanism of Seratonin-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats: Role of Acid-Back Diffusion SIÇANLARDA SERATONNN NEDEN OLDUU MDE MUKOZA HASARINDA ASD-GEREMLMNN ROLÜ

Objective: It is known that, in rats, seratonin (5-HT) causes acute gastric mucosal injury due to decreased gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) resulting from vasoconstriction. Decreased gastric acid secretion in 5-HT-induced gastric injury has been described. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the increase in acid back diffusion had an effect on 5-HT-induced gastric mucosal injury, in addition to the known effect on GMBF. Material and Methods: Acute gastric mucosal injury was induced by the intra-peritoneal administration of 5-HT in 29 Wistar male rats. The animals were divided into four groups, the first control (5-HT only, n=7), the three others who were treated with either 10% polyethylene glycol, 2 µmol/kg omeprazole (n=8) or 10µmol/kg omeprazole (n=8) injected into the femoral vein one hour before 5-HT administration. The stomachs were subsequently removed and the severity of ulcers, if present was assessed using a previously validated scale, the histological ulcer index (HUI). Results: In the group receiving 10µmol/kg of omeprazole, the HUI was significantly (p= 0.001) less than that seen with 5-HT alone. However, low dose omeprazole and PEG reduced HUI to a similar degree. Conclusion: These results suggest that high doses of omeprazole decrease 5-HT-induced gastric injury and this might be related to the inhibition of the proton pump by omeprazole, which decreases H + output and thus, indirectly prevents acid back diffusion.