Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-objective full waveform inversion in the absence of low frequencies

Least-squares inversion of seismic reflection waveforms can reconstruct remarkably detailed models of the Earth’s subsurface. However, the cycle-skipping associated with the highfrequency waveforms are responsible for spurious local minima in its objective function. Therefore, it is often difficult for descent methods to converge to the true model without starting from an accurate large-scale velocity estimate. To partially overcome this difficulty, we propose to use multiple objective functions for inversion. An additional constraint based on cross-correlation is added to the conventional least-squares (LS) inversion. Observations suggest this will result in a model with an accurate background velocity and reflectivity that corresponds to the global minimum of the least-squares objective function. Optimization of a cross-correlation based function (CC) in the data domain appears to pull the trapped solution out of the local minima associated with the least-squares objective function, and vice versa. Some 2-D numerical tests confirm the validity of the approach in the absence of low temporal data frequencies, starting from a constant initial velocity model.
Efficient 2 D Viewpoint Combination for Human Action Recognition

The ability to recognize human actions using a single viewpoint is affected by phenomena such as self-occlusions or occlusions by other objects. Incorporating multiple cameras can help overcome these issues. However, the question remains how to efficiently use information from all viewpoints to increase performance. Researchers have reconstructed a 3D model from multiple views to reduce dependency on viewpoint, but this 3D approach is often computationally expensive. Moreover, the quality of each view influences the overall model and the reconstruction is limited to volumes where the views overlap. In this paper, we propose a novel method to efficiently combine 2D data from different viewpoints. Spatio-temporal features are extracted from each viewpoint and then used in a bag-of-words framework to form histograms. Two different sizes of codebook are exploited. The similarity between the obtained histograms is represented via the Histogram Intersection kernel as well as the RBF kernel with χ distance. Lastly, we combine all the basic kernels generated by selection of different viewpoints, feature types, codebook sizes and kernel types. The final kernel is a linear combination of basic kernels that are properly weighted based on an optimization process. For higher accuracy, the sets of kernel weights are computed separately for each binary SVM classifier. Our method not only combines the information from multiple viewpoints efficiently, but also improves the performance by mapping features into various kernel spaces. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated by testing on two commonly used multi-view human action datasets. Moreover several experiments indicate the efficacy of each part of the method on the overall performance.
Delays as Regulators of the Dynamics of Genetic Circuits

Time delays in transcription affect the dynamics of prokaryotic genetic circuits, particularly as enhancers of the range of possible behaviors. Relevantly, their duration can be altered by regulatory molecules, which allows rapid cellular responses. Also, they are affected by environmental changes, such as temperature fluctuations. Finally, they are sequence dependent and, thus, are evolvable. Here, we review recent quantitative assessments of delays in transcription events that most affect the dynamics of RNA production in the model organism Escherichia coli. Next, we address the degree to which regulatory molecules and temperature can affect both mean and fluctuations of these delays. Finally, we explore the role of these delays as regulatory mechanisms of the dynamics of genetic circuits. We conclude, based on the recent studies here reviewed, that time delays in transcription are powerful, evolvable regulators of the kinetics of gene expression in prokaryotes.
A method to calculate the composition of clathrate hydrate of CO 2 -CH 4 , at equilibrium and during crystallization

In recent decades, scientists have made an amazing discovery: methane hydrates in the ocean floor. These solid compounds could represent an energy reserve. Today it is estimated that they contain equivalent carbon under the form of methane in a huge quantity, twice as much as all deposits of natural gas, oil and coal. In the near future, we need evaluating the possibility to produce this new source of energy, particularly in replacement of oil and coal. The main question concerns the technology to be used because the methane hydrates are distributed in sediment, and they participate to their consolidation. In this paper we present a method to study the thermodynamic of CO2-CH4 clathrate hydrates, which is the prior step before testing and modeling the replacement of methane hydrate by CO2 hydrate after injection of CO2 gas.
Exact boundary observability and controllability of the wave equation in an interval with two moving endpoints

We study the wave equation in an interval with two linearly moving endpoints. We give the exact solution by a series formula, then we show that the energy of the solution decay at the rate $1/t$. We also establish observability results, at one or two endpoints, in a sharp time. Moreover, using the Hilbert uniqueness method, we derive exact boundary controllability results.
Osteogenic differentiation of an osteoblast precursor cell line using composite PCL-gelatin-nHAp electrospun nanofiber mesh

Abstract Designing a temporary substrate to adhere, multiply and form new bone tissue for the bone-forming cells is a challenge in bone tissue engineering. In this article, a new biodegradable and composite scaffolding system was fabricated using an electrospinning technique to augment bone formation using poly-caprolactone (PCL), natural polymer gelatin (GL) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp). The effect of fabrication parameters on nanofiber scaffolds (PCL, PCL + GL, PCL + GL + nHAp) production, as well as MC3T3-E1 proliferation and osteogenic differentiation was investigated. Physical properties of scaffolds, such as morphology, surface area, wettability, were examined using SEM, BET method, and contact angle measurements, respectively. A pre-osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-E1 was seeded on these scaffolds to study the proliferation by DNA assay and cell viability using live-dead assay. After 21 days of in vitro culture, more than 89% of the MC3T3 cells remained viable within PCL + GL + nHAp scaffold, in contrast to 61.9% viability observed in the plain PCL scaffold. The differentiation of MC3T3 cells into the bone phenotype was determined quantitatively using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition as well as qualitatively using alizarin red staining. At day 21, the DNA content of PCL + GL + nHAp scaffold was 4.5 times higher than its day 1 DNA contents. At day 21, the normalized intracellular ALP activity in the PCL + GL + nHAp group was 1.2 times higher than that in the PCL + GL group, which in turn was 1.7 times larger than that in the PCL group. Moreover, at day 21, PCL + GL + nHAp scaffold showed a 12.43-fold increase in ALP activity and deposited nearly 35-fold higher calcium relative to their respective values at day 1, thus indicating that the inclusion of gelatin and nHAp significantly enhanced cell binding, long-term cell survivability, proliferation, and stimulated osteogenesis in vitro. The findings from current work show that incorporation of nHAp into the nanofibrous scaffold of PCL + GL and the use of our optimized electrospinning process provides a favorable substrate to promote bone healing. Graphical Abstract
BMS 4 Surface-Charge Algebra via Hamiltonian Framework

Surface-charge algebra associated with BMS4 symmetry on the null infinity of asymptotically flat spacetime is studied via the Hamiltonian framework. A coordinate system, where boundaries of constant-time hypersurfaces cross the null infinity, is adopted. The equation itself which determines the variation of the surface charges turns out the same as that previously obtained via the covariant framework by Barnich and Troessaert, and is non-integrable for general radiation field CAB. However, if CAB is independent of retarded time u, the variation equation is integrable and the conserved surface charges generate BMS4 algebra without central extension. ifujisawa@particle.sci.hokudai.ac. jp nakayama@particle.sci.hokudai.ac. jp
Origin and potential geothermal significance of China Hat and other late Pleistocene topaz rhyolite lava domes of the Blackfoot Volcanic Field, SE Idaho

The Snake River Plain and neighboring regions are well known for their high heat flow and robust NeogeneQuaternary tectonic and magmatic activity. Interestingly, however, there are comparatively few surficial manifestations of geothermal activity. This study is part of a renewed examination of this region as a possible hidden or blind geothermal resource. We present an integrated conceptual model for basalts and genetically derivative topaz rhyolite lava domes of the Blackfoot Volcanic Field (BVF), linking ultimate heat and mass sources rooted in the upper mantle to potential blind geothermal systems in the upper crust. In our model intracrustal magma transfer and storage respond opportunistically and interactively evolving tectonic processes. Production of rhyolite magma is dominated by mantlederived mass and heat sources. Rhyolite formation processes via fractional crystallization, cyclic remelting, mixing and assimilation occur mainly in the midto upper-crust, contributing to incremental assembly of an evolving magma storage and pluton system. Pre-eruption storage and phenocryst formation for China Hat occurred at ~14 km depth, and is inferred to be representative of the most evolved parts of the magmatic system. Approximately 1.2 km3 of topaz rhyolite have been erupted since 1.6 Ma and up to another 350 km3 of silicic rocks may have been intruded as hypabyssal dikes and sills at depths of 0.5 to 6 km. Average silicic magma production rate could therefore be on the order of ~1 to 200 km3/m.y. Given simple assumptions of magma genesis, eruption rates, and initial and final volatile concentrations, we infer average H2O and CO2 volatile fluxes from the rhyolite source region of ~0.1 to 10 MT/year and 10 to 1000 T/ day, respectively. Lithium flux may be comparable to CO2, and it may be both an effective tracer and resource in fluids derived from the inferred consolidating China Hat magma body.
X-ray photometry

I describe a method for synthesizing photometric passbands for use with current and future X-ray instruments. The method permits the standardization of X-ray passbands and thus Xray photometry between different instruments and missions. The method is illustrated by synthesizing a passband in the XMM-Newton European Photon Imaging Camera pn which is similar to the ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter 0.5-2 keV band.
CALIBRATION OF PRESSURE SENSORS FOR HAND GRIP MEASUREMENT

The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of grip force sensors. Methods: Several standard weights were used to calibrate the grip sensor in the static condition, The descriptive statistics and linear regression were used to present the accuracy and errors. Results: Results of this study showed a high level of sensing areas linear relationship under static loading. Conclusion: Data from this study showed high accuracy of the pressure sensor. The pressure sensor could te used for hand grip measurement.
The diversity and ecology of epiphytic lichens in “Evolution Canyon” II, Lower Nahal Keziv, Upper Western Galilee, Israel

Different populations of epiphytic lichens were studied in a microsite in Lower Nahal Keziv, Western Upper Galilee, Israel, which is designated as an "Evolution Canyon" (EC) II. In all, 24 lichen species from 5 orders, 11 families, and 17 genera were registered, about one third of them (7 species) for the first time in Israel. Species richness was higher on the warmer, drier, climatically more fluctuating and biotically more heterogeneous south-facing slope (SFS). Most lichens of EC II were mesophytic and photo-indifferent species; however, humid and shaded habitats of the north-facing slope (NFS) and valley bottom (VB) were characterised by a dominance of moderately photophytic species and a high frequency of hygrophytic species, while dry and sun-exposed habitats of the SFS were characterised by a dominance of very photophytic and xerophytic species. In all, 6 environmental variables were evaluated at the research site. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to determine the influence of these ecological variables on lichen diversity and morpho-anatomic characteristics of the lichens in EC II.
Genetic Structure of Bloodworm, Arenicola loveni (Annelida; Arenicolidae) Suggests Risk of Local Extinction in the Face of Overexploitation is Lower Than Expected

The bloodworm, Arenicola loveni, is commonly used as bait by fishers and may be vulnerable to local extinction owing to its K-selected life history strategies and overexploitation. Accurate population data that can inform management is, however, outdated, whereas demand for bloodworm continues or is even increasing. This study provides genetic data on the population structure of A. loveni sampled at seven sites in the Western Cape and one in the Eastern Cape Provinces of South Africa. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) data indicate that the population forms two lineages that should be managed separately: a western lineage that contains mostly samples from Saldanha Bay and a southern lineage that contains samples from the south coast (Muizenberg to Swartkops). High haplotypic, but low nucleotide diversity for the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and COI genes, suggest that populations from both lineages have a recent common ancestry. Low pairwise Fixation index (Fst) values among most populations on the south coast, and common haplotypes shared among localities, indicate some degree of connectivity among populations. The presence of many private haplotypes at each site, however, indicates that local populations also rely heavily on regional recruitment. Gene flow among populations, and the absence of this between the western and southern lineages, is most likely attributed to larval dispersal facilitated by the predominant oceanic circulation patterns. These results suggest that although individual populations may be protected against local extinction through recruitment from elsewhere, reliance on local recruits may render populations vulnerable should baiting pressure increase.
The Information Content of Special Orders

We consider the role of special orders in informed traders' order submission strategies and their effect on the market price discovery process. Special orders, such as Fill-and-Kill and All-or-Nothing orders, are not entered in the order book; instead, they are executed immediately. This means they do not require costly monitoring and are not visible to other traders. Due to the fact that informed institutional traders, including high-frequency traders, use aggressive special orders, they generate higher price impacts than normal orders, particularly in volatile markets.
Multibeam Dual-Circularly Polarized Reflectarray for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

This paper presents a multibeam dual-circularly polarized (CP) reflectarray for connected and autonomous vehicles. The developed reflectarray uses one aperture to realize dual-band and multibeam operation. At each frequency band, there are two simultaneously shaped beams with different circular polarizations. Totally four beams are obtained with a single feed and each of the beams can be independently controlled. A simple but effective polarization suppression technique is introduced to suppress cross polarizations at large scan angles so the CP beam of the reflectarray can be configured to point at large angles. Thus, the present reflectarray is suitable to be applied to vehicles for reliable high data-rate satellite communications. To validate the design concept, an X-band prototype was designed, fabricated, and measured. The design concept is flexible and can be applied to the design of dual-band, dual-CP reflectarray with different frequencies ratios. Moreover, the present design can also be extended to a continuous beam-steering design by incorporating phase shifters.
Study on the shielding materials for low-energy gamma sources

Photon dosimetry is indispensable in designing an irradiation facilities shielding. Monte Carlo simulation was utilized to investigate the efficiency of relatively new developed clay and Gadolinum (Gd)-doped polymer as a radiation shielding material for low energy gamma sources (Am-241 and Co-57). The calculated linear attenuation coefficient (µ) of Am-241 and Co-57 for clay is higher within 6.6 % and 0.9 % compared to ordinary concrete, respectively. The µ value for Gd-doped polymer is higher by a factor of 9 and 5 compared to clay for Am-241 and Co-57, respectively. A thickness of 2 cm and 5 cm from both clay and concrete were adequate to attenuate almost 90 % incident photons from Am-241 and Co-57, respectively. The same thickness of 2 cm by Gd-doped polymer could attenuate almost 95 % of Co-57 photons. 3 cm thickness of clay and concrete could shield the gamma source dose rate of Am-241 (1 MBq) down to 0.05 µSv/hr, while almost 10 cm needed for Co-57 source. Gd-doped polymer with thickness of 2 cm could shield almost 94 % the dose rate from Co-57 source. For higher energy gamma sources, clay and ordinary concrete need to be doped with a higher Z element to ensure safety of the radiation.
How does water-saving service contribute to the sustainability of supply chain? A game-theoretical modelling study

Currently, water-saving service (WSS) providers are devoted to providing high-water-consumption (HWC) supply chains with comprehensive water-saving solutions. In this context, the decentralized and cooperative decision models for HWC supply chain under the benchmark scenario without WSS, and the decentralized, hybrid and cooperative decision models for the three-tier WSS supply chain under the scenario with WSS are developed and analyzed, the corresponding numerical and sensitivity analyses for all models are conducted and compared, and finally, the managerial insights are summarized. The research results indicate that: (1) introducing WSS could effectively increase the profits, social welfare and consumer surplus for the HWC supply chain; (2) a cooperative strategy could effectively increase the profits, social welfare and consumer surplus and is the best strategy for the three-tier WSS supply chain; (3) the hybrid strategy (partial cooperative strategy) could effectively increase the profits, social welfare and consumer surplus and is the second-best strategy for the three-tier WSS supply chain; (4) reducing the costs of water saving could effectively enhance water consumption reduction, increase the profits, social welfare and consumer surplus for the three-tier WSS supply chain.
Occurrence of Aviadenovirus in chickens from the poultry industry of Minas Gerais

The occurrence of Aviadenovirus (FAdV) was investigated in chickens from the poultry industry of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The investigation was conducted due to the scarcity of recent data in the country and its description in neighboring countries. For this purpose, livers were collected from layer chicks (n=25), older layers (n=25), broilers (n=300), and livers (n=25) and stool (n=25) samples from broiler breeders, representing the major poultry regions of the state. FAdV DNA was demonstrated using a previously described PCR protocol for amplifying part of the hexon gene encoding sequence. FAdV was found in layer chicks (36%), widespread (100%) in older layers, and with regional differences in broilers (24-86%). Although all broiler breeder stools were negative, FAdV DNA was detected in livers (16%, 4/25) of stool-negative birds. In order to obtain additional information on the circulation of the infection, livers of subsistence chickens collected from one poultry intensive region, were evaluated (n = 12), with FAdV being detected in all samples. FAdV was found in young and old layers, broilers, broiler breeders and free-range chickens, and results suggest the circulation of FAdV among different types of chickens. The detection in older layer chickens may indicate an extended risk of horizontal transmission in regions of Minas Gerais with mixed activity of egg and meat type chickens and poor biosecurity strategies. The infection in breeders may indicate vertical transmission and the continuous production of infected progenies. The hexon-gene-targeted PCR amplicon sequences aligned with FAdV of species D of Aviadenovirus. Results indicate the necessity for biosecurity, especially for breeders, separating flocks according to origin, age and health status, which will be an advantage regarding any pathogen.
What might the ‘art of critique’ in humanities and social sciences academic writing look like?

ABSTRACT This paper conceptualises and explores ‘the art of critique’ in student writing in the humanities and social sciences [Foucault 1997. “What is Critique? ” In: The Politics of Truth. English Translation. Translated from French by Lysa Hocroth & Catherine Porter. In Dits et Ecrits for original French. Los Angeles: Semiotexte. Accessed July 10, 2015. http://anthropos-lab.net/wp/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Foucault-Critique.pdf]. Its starting principle is that education lacks vigour without an understanding of how to play with and disrupt the rules of Western reason, as well as respect them: a practice of playing and interrupting the same to generate something new that is beyond ‘use-value’ [Derrida 2006. Specters of Marx. New York: Routledge Classics, 201] yet can also be used to signify ‘use-value’. Fundamental to this idea is the question of the ‘agency’ of the subject in orders of discourse, oscillating between consent and resistance. To conceptualise the dynamics of interrupting the historical traditions of academic writing more closely, Foucault’s notion of ‘care of the self’ and Derrida’s field of analysis, deconstruction, are interrogated. A few examples of such dynamics in student work are then tentatively presented as heuristics for catalysing the ‘art of critique’ in writing.
Motion estimation of high density crowd using fluid dynamics

ABSTRACT Motion estimation (ME) being a fundamental process of crowd behavior analysis experienced real challenges at high densities due to visual ambiguities and occlusion problems etc. Various surveys reported in the past years summarize conventional ME methods for crowd behaviors at low/medium densities. In this paper, we focus on state-of-the-art fluid dynamics (FD) ME methods developed over the last one and the half-decade for high-density crowd analysis. A detailed discussion is provided on the development of FD ME methods explaining the strengths and weaknesses and viability of FD ME methods for anomaly detection at high crowd densities. Comprehensive experiments are performed comparing the performance of conventional and FD ME at varying crowd densities. Experimentation results show that conventional ME methods fail at high-density crowd whereas FD ME methods could estimate motion only at the global level. Still, research is required to meet the challenges of local ME at high crowd densities.