Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sélection statique et incrémentale des Index de Jointure Binaire: concepts, algorithmes, étude de performance

Afin de réduire le temps d’exécution des requêtes décisionnelles, l’administrateur a la possibilité de sélectionner des index de jointure binaires ( ). Cette sélection demeure une tâche difficile vue la complexité de l’espace de recherche à parcourir. De ce fait, un grand intérêt est porté à la mise en oeuvre d’algorithmes de sélection. Cependant, ces algorithmes sont statiques. Dans cet article, nous centrons nos travaux sur la sélection des index de jointures binaires définis sur plusieurs attributs appartenant à des tables de dimension en utilisant des algorithmes génétiques. Nous présentons deux types d’algorithmes: des algorithmes de sélection statiques et des algorithmes de sélection incrémentales qui prévoient l’adaptation des index sélectionnés à l’arrivée de nouvelles requêtes. Nous concluons nos travaux par une étude expérimentale démontrant l’apport de notre sélection des index de jointure binaires en comparaison avec les travaux de sélection statiques et incrémentales existants. Bitmap join indexes (BJI) have been widely advocated by administrators as a solution to optimize complex queries. Their selection remains hard, since it needs to explore a large search space. Only a few classes of algorithms were proposed to deal with the problem of BJI selection. These algorithms are static and do not take into account the changes of data warehouses in terms of query arrival. In this paper, we propose a genetic algorithm to select BJI defined on multiple attributes belonging to various dimension tables in the static way. This algorithm is extended to deal with the incremental aspect. An intensive experiment was conducted to show the efficiency of our proposal and to compare it with the most important existing studies.
Endothelial cells downregulate expression of the 70 kDa heat shock protein during hypoxia.

Hsp70 is induced by hypoxia in most mammalian cell types and contributes to their ability to survive hypoxic episodes. However, little is known about Hsp70 expression in the hypoxia-tolerant endothelial cells (ECs). We investigated the effect of hypoxia on Hsp70 in human microvascular endothelial HMEC-1 cells. Reduction of pO(2) to 2.5% of normal for 20 h stimulated lactate production and the activity of glycolytic enzymes. This metabolic adaptation to hypoxia was accompanied by a remarkable reduction of Hsp70 on the protein level and on the mRNA level. Approximately 12 h after the hypoxic period Hsp70 expression reached pre-hypoxia levels again. Since ECs are adapted to the low oxygen tension of the vasculature they are confronted with a supraphysiological oxygen level during in vitro culture. We suppose that the high Hsp70 under these conditions reflects a stress response which disappears at the more physiological reduced oxygen tension during hypoxia.
Spatial synchronization of visual stimulus-evoked gamma frequency oscillations in the rat superior colliculus

In the superior colliculus, visual stimuli can induce gamma frequency oscillations of neuronal activity. It has been shown that in cats, these oscillations are synchronized over distances of greater than 300 &mgr;m that may contribute toward visual information processing. We investigated the spatial properties of such oscillations in a rodent because the availability of molecular tools could enable future studies on the role of these oscillations in visual information processing. Using extracellular electrode array recordings in anesthetized rats, we found that visual stimuli-induced gamma and eta frequency (30–115 Hz) oscillations of the local field potential that were synchronized over distances of ∼600 µm. Multiple-unit events were phase locked to the local field potential signal and showed prominent oscillations during OFF responses. The rate of lower than 5 ms cross-electrode coincidences was in line with the response-corrected predictions for each electrode. These data suggest that the synchronized superior colliculus neuronal activity is largely network driven, whereas common synaptic inputs play a minor role.
The accumulation of deleterious mutations within the frozen niche variation hypothesis

The frozen niche variation hypothesis proposes that asexual clones exploit a fraction of a total resource niche available to the sexual population from which they arise. Differences in niche breadth may allow a period of coexistence between a sexual population and the faster reproducing asexual clones. Here, we model the longer term threat to the persistence of the sexual population from an accumulation of clonal diversity, balanced by the cost to the asexual population resulting from a faster rate of accumulation of deleterious mutations. We use Monte‐Carlo simulations to quantify the interaction of niche breadth with accumulating deleterious mutations. These two mechanisms may act synergistically to prevent the extinction of the sexual population, given: (1) sufficient genetic variation, and consequently niche breadth, in the sexual population; (2) a relatively slow rate of accumulation of genetic diversity in the clonal population; (3) synergistic epistasis in the accumulation of deleterious mutations.
Transient Transfection Methods for Preparation of High‐Titer Retroviral Supernatants

Generation of high‐titer retrovirus by transient production not only is less laborious than production of stable retroviral producer cell lines, but also has allowed the production of high‐titer retroviral supernatants from cDNAs that cannot be achieved by stable producer cell lines. Transient transfection has also increased the versatility of retrovirus‐mediated gene transfer to include the rapid testing of different constructs, viral pseudotyping, and construction of retroviral cDNA libraries. Systems based on human 293 cells, an adenovirus‐transformed human embryonic kidney cell line have produced the highest retroviral titers and are the most widely used. This unit describes methods for optimizing retroviral production from the 293‐based systems and for growing and freezing 293 cells. Methods are included for pseudotyping the virus with VSV G protein by sequential transfection or cotransfection. Virus produced by transiently transfected cells can be used to infect cells. Protocols are provided for infection of adherent cells either directly with retroviral supernatant or by spin infection. In addition, procedures are included for infection of nonadherent cells by addition of retrovirus supernatant, cocultivation with producer cells, or spin infection. These infection methods are also applicable to retrovirus produced by any of the stable producer cell lines.
Assessment of Spontaneous Alternation, Novel Object Recognition and Limb Clasping in Transgenic Mouse Models of Amyloid-β and Tau Neuropathology

Here we describe a staged, behavioral testing approach that can be used to screen for compounds that exhibit in vivo efficacy on cognitive and functional motor behaviors in transgenic mouse models of β-amyloidosis and tauopathy. The paradigm includes tests for spontaneous alternation in a Y-maze, novel object recognition, and limb clasping. These tests were selected because they: 1) interrogate function of cognitive or motor domains and the correlate neural circuitry relevant to the human disease state, 2) have clearly defined endpoints, 3) have easily implementable quality control checks, 4) can be run in a moderate throughput format, and 5) require little intervention by the investigator. These methods are designed for investigators looking to screen compounds for activity in short-term and working memory tasks, or functional motor behaviors associated with Alzheimer's disease mouse models. The methods described here use behavioral tests that engage a number of different brain regions including hippocampus and various cortical areas. Investigators that desire cognitive tests that specifically assess cognition mediated by a single brain region could use these techniques to supplement other behavioral tests.
Application of the Conjugate Gradient Technique to Stripline Packaging Problems

In most applications the method of moments (MoM) generates full reaction matrices. However, in this paper, we demonstrate that sparse reaction matrices are produced when modeling stripline interconnects. This is demonstrated by investigating the sparse nature of the MoM reaction matrices that are produced when using the full-wave layered interconnect simulator (UA-FWLIS) with a parallel-plate Green's function. In order to explain the sparse nature of the reaction matrices, the electric fields that are excited by horizontal and vertical electric dipole sources are briefly overviewed. Then the variations of the reaction elements with distance are studied, and this information is used to provide a cut-off criterion for the reaction element calculations. We found that by applying sparse matrix storage techniques and a sparse matrix solver, the matrix solution time is dramatically improved when compared with a commercial MoM-based simulator
Disease outbreaks caused by steppe-type rabies viruses in China

SUMMARY While rabies is a significant public health concern in China, the epidemiology of animal rabies in the north and northwest border provinces remains unknown. From February 2013 to March 2014, seven outbreaks of domestic animal rabies caused by wild carnivores in Xinjiang (XJ) and Inner Mongolia (IM) Autonomous Regions, China were reported and diagnosed in brain samples of infected animals by the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and RT–PCR. Ten field rabies viruses were obtained. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis based on the complete N gene (1353 bp) amplified directly from the original brain tissues showed that these ten strains were steppe-type viruses, closely related to strains reported in Russia and Mongolia. None had been identified previously in China. The viruses from XJ and IM clustered separately into two lineages showing their different geographical distribution. This study emphasizes the importance of wildlife surveillance and of cross-departmental cooperation in the control of transboundary rabies transmission.
Evaluation of Information Retrieval Systems

A filter-press type ion exchange membrane-method electrolysis cell comprising (a) an anode structure which comprises a rectangular anode frame including a top element, a bottom element and two side elements and anode plates welded to the anode frame, (b) a cathode structure which comprises a rectangular cathode frame including a top element, a bottom element and two side elements and cathode plates welded to the cathode frame, and (c) an ion exchange membrane interposed between the anode structure and the cathode structure; wherein the two side elements of the anode frame and the two side elements of the cathode frame have a tubular structure with a rectangular cross section, the top and bottom elements of the anode frame and the top and bottom elements of the cathode frame have a ]-shaped cross section, and are secured such that their open portions face the inside of an anode compartment and a cathode compartment, respectively, and at least one end of the top element of the anode frame communicates with the top end of the side element of the anode frame and at least one end of the top element of the cathode frame communicates with the top end of the side element of the cathode frame so that the side element communicating with the top element of the anode frame, and the side element communicating with the top element of the cathode frame form conduits for withdrawing gas and solution flowing from the anode compartment and the cathode compartment, respectively, (d) a current disperser surrounding an anode lead bar welded to anode plates within the anode structure and a current disperser surrounding a cathode lead bar welded to cathode plates within the cathode structure, whereby a region not permitting passage of gas is formed between the periphery of the anode lead bar and the inside of the current disperser welded to the anode plates and between the periphery of the cathode lead bar and the inside of the current disperser welded to the cathode plates, thus serving as a passage for a downwardly moving stream of electrolytic solution, and (e) a pipe for supplying an anolyte solution disposed within the anode compartment and a pipe for supplying a catholyte solution disposed within the cathode compartment.
Neuronal and nonneuronal cholinergic structures in the mouse gastrointestinal tract and spleen

Accumulating evidence demonstrates that acetylcholine can directly modulate immune function in peripheral tissues including the spleen and gastrointestinal tract. However, the anatomical relationships between the peripheral cholinergic system and immune cells located in these lymphoid tissues remain unclear due to inherent technical difficulties with currently available neuroanatomical methods. In this study, mice with specific expression of the tdTomato fluorescent protein in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)‐expressing cells were used to label preganglionic and postganglionic cholinergic neurons and their projections to lymphoid tissues. Notably, our anatomical observations revealed an abundant innervation in the intestinal lamina propria of the entire gastrointestinal tract principally originating from cholinergic enteric neurons. The aforementioned innervation frequently approached macrophages, plasma cells, and lymphocytes located in the lamina propria and, to a lesser extent, lymphocytes in the interfollicular areas of Peyer's patches. In addition to the above innervation, we observed labeled epithelial cells in the gallbladder and lower intestines, as well as Microfold cells and T‐cells within Peyer's patches. In contrast, we found only a sparse innervation in the spleen consisting of neuronal fibers of spinal origin present around arterioles and in lymphocyte‐containing areas of the white pulp. Lastly, a small population of ChAT‐expressing lymphocytes was identified in the spleen including both T‐ and B‐cells. In summary, this study describes the variety of cholinergic neuronal and nonneuronal cells in a position to modulate gastrointestinal and splenic immunity in the mouse. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3741–3767, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Candida tropicalis Etr1p andSaccharomyces cerevisiae Ybr026p (Mrf1′p), 2-Enoyl Thioester Reductases Essential for Mitochondrial Respiratory Competence

ABSTRACT We report here on the identification and characterization of novel 2-enoyl thioester reductases of fatty acid metabolism, Etr1p fromCandida tropicalis and its homolog Ybr026p (Mrf1′p) fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Overexpression of these proteins in S. cerevisiae led to the development of significantly enlarged mitochondria, whereas deletion of the S. cerevisiae YBR026c gene resulted in rudimentary mitochondria with decreased contents of cytochromes and a respiration-deficient phenotype. Immunolocalization and in vivo targeting experiments showed these proteins to be predominantly mitochondrial. Mitochondrial targeting was essential for complementation of the mutant phenotype, since targeting of the reductases to other subcellular locations failed to reestablish respiratory growth. The mutant phenotype was also complemented by a mitochondrially targeted FabI protein from Escherichia coli. FabI represents a nonhomologous 2-enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase that participates in the last step of the type II fatty acid synthesis. This indicated that 2-enoyl thioester reductase activity was critical for the mitochondrial function. We conclude that Etr1p and Ybr026p are novel 2-enoyl thioester reductases required for respiration and the maintenance of the mitochondrial compartment, putatively acting in mitochondrial synthesis of fatty acids.
Subarachnoid blockade with bupivacaine. A comparison with cinchocaine.

Subarachnoid anaesthesia was induced in 40 patients with 0.5% bupivacaine 3 ml with no glucose, 5% glucose or 8% glucose, or with hyperbaric cinchocaine . The injections were made in the lateral position and the patients turned supine immediately. The onset, extent and duration of sensory and motor blockade, the quality of anaesthesia, cardiovascular effects, and the frequency of side-effects were studied. The hyperbaric solutions produced a greater cephalad spread (T6-T7) than the glucose-free solution (T10-T11). Cinchocaine produced a longer duration of action at T10 and T12 than the hyperbaric bupivacaine solutions. No advantage was seen when 8% rather than 5% glucose was used. The glucose-free bupivacaine produced intense blockade of long duration and was suitable when a lower level of blockade was adequate for the proposed surgery.
Vitamin D Deficiency Associated with Self-Neglect in the Elderly

ABSTRACT Background. Vitamin D deficiency is common in elders. However, little is known about the implications of vitamin D deficiency in elder self-neglect. Specific Aims. To characterize a group of self-neglecting elders with vitamin D deficiency based on clinical, cognitive, and functional status. Participants. Forty-four self-neglecting elders referred by the Adult Protective Services. Methods. Vitamin D status of the self-neglecting elders was based upon serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD). Demographics, cognitive, and functional characteristics of vitamin D deficient self-neglecting elders were described and compared to those without vitamin D deficiency. Results. Vitamin D deficiency (25-OHD < 25 nmol/L) was detected in 16 out of 44 self-neglecting elders (36%). Self-neglecting elders with vitamin D deficiency had lower scores in the Physical Performance Test and higher scores in the Kohlman Evaluation of Living Skills, compared with those who were not vitamin D deficient (p = 0.014 and p = 0.018 respectively). Conclusions. Vitamin D deficiency is common in elder self-neglect. Self-neglecting elders with vitamin D deficiency have impaired physical performance and inadequate living skills, which can be potentially improved by treating vitamin D deficiency.
Homogeneous region segmentation for SAR images based on two steps segmentation algorithm

This paper presents an unsupervised algorithm for the segmentation of SAR images homogeneous regions, based on a likelihood difference function, which is derived from the Gamma distribution. The idea behind the proposed algorithm is to fuse the over-segmented image blocks, according to a similarity criterion. The proposed schema includes two steps segmentation, a rough segmentation and a fine segmentation. In the rough segmentation, image blocks are fused to form a large region, in which a likelihood difference function based on Gamma distribution is employed as a similarity measure. In the fine segmentation, a pixel-level segmentation is carried out, aiming to obtain a more smooth segmentation edge. Experimental results on two SAR image are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Human papillomavirus (HPV), DNA aberrations and cell cycle progression in anal squamous cell carcinoma patients.

UNLABELLED Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections of the genital tract are sexually transmitted and prevalent worldwide. In this study, the role of HPV in 72 patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma was investigated. PATIENTS AND METHODS Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in combination with in situ hybridization was used to identify HPV-DNA in the patients' biopsies. The HPV typing was conducted by pyrosequencing. Cell cycle and DNA content were analysed by cytometry. RESULTS Ninety percent of the carcinoma biopsies carried high-risk oncogenic HPV in their malignant cells. Eighty-one percent of these demonstrated a single infection with HPV16, 18 or 33 and 19% were double infected with HPV16 and HPV18. Accumulations of viral genes were seen at the necrotic area of the tumours. The HPV genome in the tumour cell influenced significantly the host cell cycle progression, but not DNA aberrations. Within these patients, HPVstatus in the malignant cells was not found to be associated with patient survival time. CONCLUSION High-risk oncogenic HPV may play an important role in the initiation of host cell proliferation in anal squamous cell carcinoma. However, infection with HPV may not have any direct influence itself on the clinical outcome of these patients considering the treatments currently available.
Perceived parental burden and service use for child and adolescent psychiatric disorders.

OBJECTIVES Pediatric chronic physical illness and adult psychiatric disorders are substantial sources of burden for family care-takers, but little attention has been paid to parental burden resulting from children's or adolescents' psychiatric disorders. This paper describes the predictors of perceived parental burden and its impact on the use of specialty mental health and school services. METHODS A representative general population sample of 1015 9-, 11-, and 13-year-olds and their parents completed structured psychiatric diagnostic interviews and the Child and Adolescent Burden Assessment. RESULTS Weighted estimates indicated that 10.7% of parents in the general population perceived burden resulting from their children's symptomatology. Significant predictors of perceived burden were levels of child symptomatology and impairment and parental mental health problems. Children's depressive and anxiety disorders were associated with less burden than other diagnoses. The effects of child disorder severity on specialty mental health service use appeared to be mediated by the level of burden induced. CONCLUSIONS Substantial levels of parental burden resulted from child psychiatric disorders and were a major reason for specialist mental health service use.
Topical Pharmacotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis: New Agents

The advantages of topical (as opposed to systemic) therapy for allergic rhinitis include the avoidance of undesirable systemic effects and the concentration of therapeutic effect on the target organ. Successful topical therapy requires establishment of a proper diagnosis, followed by effective delivery of the medication to the nasal mucosa. In addition to currently available preparations such as cromolyn sodium and various corticosteroids, several other topical nasal preparations for the treatment of allergic rhinitis are under investigation. These include antihistamines (eg, levocabastine), anti-inflammatory/mast cell stabilizing drugs (eg, nedocromil), new corticosteroids (eg, triamcinolone, budesonide, fluocortin, fluticasone), anticholinergics (eg, ipratropium), and miscellaneous agents (eg, HEPP [IgE pentapeptide]).
Absence of bacterial and viral DNA in bladder biopsies from patients with interstitial cystitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.

PURPOSE We examined bladder biopsies from women with interstitial cystitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (IC/CPPS) for the presence of bacterial and viral DNA sequences using polymerase chain reaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bladder biopsies were taken during cystoscopy from patients under investigation for IC/CPPS, or controls undergoing colposuspension for stress incontinence. Biopsies were snap frozen to -70C. After DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers for the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene confirmed the presence of human DNA. PCR for bacterial and viral gene sequences was performed using specific primers. Positive reactions were repeated to confirm the signal. RESULTS A total of 92 patients with IC/CPPS (12 who met the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases criteria and 80 who did not) and 91 controls were recruited. PCR for hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene was positive in all samples. PCR for the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, as well as for adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus types I and II, human papillomavirus (all subtypes) and Chlamydia trachomatis were negative in all samples. CONCLUSIONS IC/CPPS is not associated with persistence of viral and bacterial DNA in the bladder. A chronic infective etiology for the condition is excluded by these findings.