Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methanol Leaf Extract of Persea americana Protects Rats against Cholesterol-Induced Hyperlipidemia

Aim: To investigate anti-hyperlipidemic activity of methanol leaf extract of Persea americana (MEPA) in cholesterol-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Methodology: The animals were randomly divided into five groups of 5 rats each. Group1 served as the normal control (NC) and received distilled water. Group 2, the cholesterol-induced hyperlipidemic control (CHOL) was given cholesterol diet (20% groundnut oil, 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid mixed with rat pellet) orally. Groups 3 and 4 received oral administration of cholesterol diet and MEPA at a dose of 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight respectively, while group 5 was treated orally with cholesterol diet and cholestyramine (0.26g/kg body weight). Cholesterol diet, MEPA and cholestyramine were administered daily for a period of eight weeks. Results: The changes observed in the plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) of hyperlipidemic control rats were reversed by MEPA in a dose-dependent manner. At 20 mg/kg body weight, MEPA significantly (p<0.05) reduced TC, TG and LDL plasma levels by 54.2%, 46.2% and 65.6% respectively, and increased HDL plasma level by 60.0%. At a higher dose of 40 mg/kg, MEPA reduced TC, TG and LDL levels by 60.4%, 69.2% and 87.5% respectively while HDL was increased by 80.0%. There was a significant increase of change in body weight of hyperlipidemic rats compared to the change in normal control. MEPA caused a reduction of change in body weight to nearly that of the normal control. MEPA also dose-dependently caused significant reduction (p<0.05) of plasma lipid peroxidation in the rats. The anti-hyperlipidemic effect of MEPA was comparable to that of the standard drug, cholestyramine. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Persea americana could be a source Research Article
Empowering Leadership, Commitment to Managers and Company and Employee Proactivity: A Study of National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Accredited Hospitals

Abstract The purpose of this article was to explore the relationship between empowering leadership and employee proactivity with commitment to manager and company as mediator in Indian National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare (NABH) accredited hospitals. The authors used SPSS Process macro (medication model) in order to examine the proposed hypothesis with collected data through structured questionnaire from 252 frontline employees of Indian NABH accredited hospitals. The results of data analysis support mediating role of commitment to managers and company between empowering leadership and employee proactivity. The finding of this study significantly contributes to theory and offers important implications for hospital managers and administrators.
Long‐term egg retention and parasitization in Trichogramma principum (Hym., Trichogrammatidae)

Laboratory experiments with Trichogramma principium Sug. et Sor. females that were offered Sitotroga cerealella Oliv. eggs demonstrated that less than half of the ovipositing females started oviposition during the first 2 days of the experiment, whereas the rest of the ovipositing females showed a delay in parasitization ranging from 2 to 10 days after contact with the host. Almost 10% of the wasps refused to parasitize the grain moth eggs over 12 days. The delay in parasitization may be as long as 6–8 days without any significant decrease in the number of mature ovarial eggs, in the number of eggs laid during the first 48 h of oviposition, and in the total lifetime fecundity. This egg retention is responsible for the fact that in spite of a relatively short mean duration of the oviposition period in each individual female (approximately 4 days), host parasitization by a group of simultaneously emerged wasps was almost uniformly distributed over 8–10 days. When induced, the parasitization state (i.e. the tendency to parasitize sequentially offered portions of host eggs) was stable both in the presence of a host and under host deprivation extended up to 8 days. These data provide further evidence for our hypotheses that the stability of the parasitization state in Trichogramma is based on endocrine mechanisms.
Protecting In-Vehicle Services: Security-Enabled SOME/IP Middleware

With every generation, vehicles are becoming smarter and more oriented toward information and communications technology (ICT). However, computerization is posing unforeseen challenges in a sector for which the first goal must be safety: car hacking has been shown to be a real threat. This article presents a novel mechanism to provide improved security for applications executed in the vehicle based on the principle of defining exactly who can talk to whom. The proposed security framework targets Ethernet-based com - munications and is tightly integrated within the emerging Scalable service-Oriented MiddlewarE over IP (SOME/IP) middleware. No complex configurations are needed: simple high-level rules, clearly stating the communications allowed, are the only element required to enable the security features. The designed solution has been implemented as a proof of concept (PoC) inside the vsomeip stack to evaluate the validity of the approach proposed: experimental measurements confirm that the additional overhead introduced in end-to-end communication is negligible.
The intrinsic dimensionality of plant traits and its relevance to community assembly

Plants are multifaceted organisms that have evolved numerous solutions to the problem of establishing, growing and reproducing with limited resources. The intrinsic dimensionality of plant traits is the minimum number of independent axes of variation that adequately describes the functional variation among plants and is therefore a fundamental quantity in comparative plant ecology. Given the large number of functional traits that are measured on plants, the dimensionality of plant form and function is potentially vast. A variety of linear and nonlinear methods were used to estimate the intrinsic dimensionality of three large trait data sets. The results of these analyses indicate that while the dimensionality of plant traits is generally larger than we have admitted in the past, it does not exceed six in the most comprehensive data set. The dimensionality of plant form and function is a blessing, not a curse. The higher the intrinsic dimension of traits in an analysis, the more easily our models will be able to accurately discriminate species in trait space and therefore be able to predict species distributions and abundances. Recent analyses indicate that the ability to predict community composition increases rapidly with additional traits, but reaches a plateau after four to eight traits. Synthesis. There appears to be a tractable upper limit to the dimensionality of plant traits. To optimize research efficiency for advancing our understanding of trait‐based community assembly, ecologists should minimize the number of traits while maximizing the number of dimensions, because including multiple correlated traits does not yield dividends and including more than eight traits leads to diminishing returns. It is recommended to measure traits from multiple organs whenever possible, especially leaf, stem, root and flowering traits, given their consistent performance in explaining community assembly across different ecosystems.
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Flavobacterium psychrophilum from Finnish fish farms

Finnish isolates (n=37) of Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolated from farmed salmonids were studied using phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The characteristics of isolates were compared with the characteristics of Swedish and Estonian F. psychrophilum isolates and the type strain, F. psychrophilum NCIMB 1947T. Multiple isolates from eight disease outbreaks were examined to determine differences between isolates from a single outbreak. The F. psychrophilum isolates represented a biochemically homogeneous group. However, some minor differences in biochemical and physiological characteristics were observed. Seven different antigenic patterns among Finnish isolates were detected and the results suggest a new serotype of F. psychrophilum. Using ClaΙ, HaeΙΙΙ and PvuΙΙ restriction enzymes in ribotyping analyses 13 different genotypes were demonstrated and a possible relationship between serotype Fd and genotype F1 was determined. There were no significant differences between the isolates from Finland, Estonia, Sweden and the type strain of F. psychrophilum.
A Real-time Traffic Sign Detection Model Based on Improved YOLOv3

Advanced driver assistance system, which can quickly and accurately detect driver assistance personnel, ensure traffic safety, and play an important role in guiding road traffic signs. However, traditional detection models often have false detection, missed detection, and predicted low accuracy of the target box, especially for the Identification of small targets, its accuracy is difficult to meet the requirements. Therefore, based on the target detection algorithm model YOLOv3, this paper replaces the common two-dimensional convolution with dilated convolution and expands the receptive field, At the end of the model, a three-layer spatial pyramid cascade structure is added to make the multi-scale feature map deep fusion. finally, the improved model is tested for performance on the GTSDB dataset. The results show that the improved model implemented in this paper can effectively solve some problems in the actual road traffic sign detection, and meet the requirements of real-time detection.
A question of size and fear: competition and predation risk perception among frugivores and predators

Mammalian spatial and temporal activity patterns can vary depending on foraging behavior or the perception of predation or competition risk among species. These behaviors may in turn be altered by human influences such as defaunation. Herein, we evaluate whether frugivores avoid areas with high visitation rates by potential predators or competitors, and whether this avoidance changes in areas with different degrees of defaunation. We installed 189 cameras under fruit trees in six areas of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, that differ in the abundance of top predators and large frugivores. Small predators and small frugivores were more frequent at night while large frugivores were more frequent during the day, but small frugivores visited and spent less time at fruiting trees on brighter nights, unlike large predators and large frugivores. Small frugivores also were less frequent in areas with high visitation by large frugivores and more frequent in highly defaunated areas. Our results suggest that the dynamics among mammalian functional groups varied according to diel patterns, potential competitors, and defaunation. We highlight the importance of understanding how species interactions are changing in areas exposed to strong human impacts to mitigate the indirect effects of defaunation.
Design Heading Control for Steering AUV with fuzzy logic

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) are a type of unmanned submarine robot that has many uses. The navigation system in an autonomous robot becomes an important point to guide the movement of submarine robots from one position to another through determining the position and direction of movement. Due to several interference factors such as currents and ocean waves, the movement of the AUV robot becomes unstable. Therefore we need a control system for robot movement so that the robot always faces the coordinates of the location so that AUV can move forward until it reaches the destination location. In this paper, the post control system will be designed using the Takagi Sugeno fuzzy method to determine the direction of movement of the robot by controlling the rotation angle (yaw).
Handling Numerical Features on Dataset Using Gauss Density Formula and Data Discretization Toward Naïve Bayes Algorithm

Naïve Bayes is one of best classifiers in data mining. Naïve Bayes Algorithm either is used in some research areas. Besides having good performances, the algorithm can also handle numerical and categorical data values. This paper presents two ways of treating numerical features as a pre-process before implementing Naïve Bayes algorithm in classifying a dataset. First way is by implementing Gauss Density Formula. In second way, we treat the numerical features to be categorized manually by involving the experts. This study start from collecting data which contains numerical attributes in majority. Then dataset will be treated by using first way and second way. We validate the performance of algorithm by using 10-Fold Cross Validation. The considered performances in this research are accuracy, precision, and recall. The result shows that treating numerical features using Gauss Density Techniques outperforms the treatment by discretizing numerical features of nominal values. First way obtains 80% accuracy, 80,61% of precision average, and 80,41% of recall average value while the second way reaches 65% of accuracy, 63,95% of precision average, and 66,43% of recall average.
Modelling the Severity of Plastic Shrinkage in Cementitious Materials

Plastic shrinkage cracking in cement-based materials occurs between the mixing and the final setting of the mixture, where rapid evaporation of the mixed water is the main cause behind the phenomenon. The induced cracks may impair the durability and sustainability of the structure by facilitating ingress of harmful materials into the concrete bulk. In this paper a new model for estimating the cracking severity of plastic cementitious materials is presented based on the mixture’s initial setting time and the amount of the pore liquid evaporated from within the concrete mass. Results of experiments performed by the authors in another study, in addition to results of tests performed by other researchers are used to control the validity of the model. It is concluded that the model can anticipate the cracking severity of plastic concretes with good precision. The new method can provide practical tools for designers and contractors to predict and compare the cracking risk of the concretes prior to casting.
A NEW GENUS AND NEW RECORDS OF ALGAE IN THE CHLOROCOCCALES

IN PLANKTON SAMPLES, taken during 1948-1950 from both temporary and permanent waters in Kansas, three genera of algae have been found that are new records for the United States, and one genus that is new to science. SIDEROCELIS. -This genus was first introduced by Naumann (1921) as a name for a section in the genus Chlorella. It was raised to generic rank by Fott (1935) and placed in the family Oocystaceae. The genus is similar to Oocystis but differs in that the wall is verrucate and does not expand during reproduction but ruptures immediately to release the autospores. S. ornatus (Fott) Fott (1935) ( Oocystis ornatus Fott, 1933) was first collected by the writer in Sept. 1948, from a moat around a monkey island in the city park of Chanute, Kansas. This species (fig. 1, 2) has ellipsoidal cells whose walls are embellished with small hemispherical verrucae. The cells measure 7-13,U long and 4-8.5u wide. Each cell contains 1-4 parietal chloroplasts without pyrenoids. The usual number of autospores is four, though in the Kansas specimens some were observed to have produced two, and others eight autospores. The Kansas specimens varied from 8-124u long and 5-11.6kU wide. The verrucae were arranged in spiral rows from pole to pole. S. ornatus was also collected from a roadside pond near Welda, Kansas in Oct. 1948 and May 1949; and from Hayden'. s pond, Lawrence, Kansas in May 1950. SIDEROCELIS hexacosta sp. nov. (fig. 3-5). Cellulae ellipticae, 7-13,u longae et 6-9k latae sunt. Verruculae apicium parvae et hemisphaericae sunt. Verruculae mediae longulae et prominentes sunt. Progeneratio 4-8 autosporibus. Cells elliposoidal, 7-13k long and 6-9k wide. Apical verrucae are small and hemispherical. The equatorial verrucae are elongate and prominent. Reproduction is by 4-8 autospores. The median elongate verrucae distinguish this species from all other described forms. Collected Sept. 1949 near Chanute, Kansas. Type material, No. 49101, preserved in formalin. DICHOTOMOCoccus. -The genus Dichotomococcus was erected by Korschikov (1928) on the single species D. capitatus. Fott (1948) described two new species D. lunatus Fott and D. elongatus Fott. The last named species (fig. 6) was fairly abundant in the plankton of a small, shallow pond near Chanute, Kansas. Dichotomococcus is a colonial alga, characterized
Phase-Matched Mid-Infrared Difference Frequency Generation Using a Nanostructured Gallium Arsenide Metamaterial With Nanoholes

Phase-matched wavelength conversion is achieved in difference frequency generation (DFG) in a structure of gallium arsenide (GaAs) with periodic arrays of nanoholes. Linear properties (refractive indices) of the structure are determined from the S-parameters of the structure. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation is used to calculate the S-parameters. The longest wavelength achieved is 16.2229 μm and the shortest is 3.2961 μm. The results of the FDTD simulation are compared with results obtained from the effective medium theory by using the Maxwell Garnett model. The comparison shows excellent agreement.
The origin of Asian monsoons: a modelling perspective

Abstract. The Cenozoic inception and development of the Asian monsoons remain unclear and have generated much debate, as several hypotheses regarding circulation patterns at work in Asia during the Eocene have been proposed in the few last decades. These include (a) the existence of modern-like monsoons since the early Eocene; (b) that of a weak South Asian monsoon (SAM) and little to no East Asian monsoon (EAM); or (c) a prevalence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) migrations, also referred to as Indonesian–Australian monsoon (I-AM). As SAM and EAM are supposed to have been triggered or enhanced primarily by Asian palaeogeographic changes, their possible inception in the very dynamic Eocene palaeogeographic context remains an open question, both in the modelling and field-based communities. We investigate here Eocene Asian climate conditions using the IPSL-CM5A2 (Sepulchre et al., 2019) earth system model and revised palaeogeographies. Our Eocene climate simulation yields atmospheric circulation patterns in Asia substantially different from modern conditions. A large high-pressure area is simulated over the Tethys ocean, which generates intense low tropospheric winds blowing southward along the western flank of the proto-Himalayan–Tibetan plateau (HTP) system. This low-level wind system blocks, to latitudes lower than 10 ∘ N, the migration of humid and warm air masses coming from the Indian Ocean. This strongly contrasts with the modern SAM, during which equatorial air masses reach a latitude of 20–25 ∘ N over India and southeastern China. Another specific feature of our Eocene simulation is the widespread subsidence taking place over northern India in the midtroposphere (around 5000 m), preventing deep convective updraught that would transport water vapour up to the condensation level. Both processes lead to the onset of a broad arid region located over northern India and over the HTP. More humid regions of high seasonality in precipitation encircle this arid area, due to the prevalence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) migrations (or Indonesian–Australian monsoon, I-AM) rather than monsoons. Although the existence of this central arid region may partly result from the specifics of our simulation (model dependence and palaeogeographic uncertainties) and has yet to be confirmed by proxy records, most of the observational evidence for Eocene monsoons are located in the highly seasonal transition zone between the arid area and the more humid surroundings. We thus suggest that a zonal arid climate prevailed over Asia before the initiation of monsoons that most likely occurred following Eocene palaeogeographic changes. Our results also show that precipitation seasonality should be used with caution to infer the presence of a monsoonal circulation and that the collection of new data in this arid area is of paramount importance to allow the debate to move forward.
Image processing of transport objects using neural networks

The paper is devoted to the development of an automated system model for monitoring and control of transport objects, based on the processing of images obtained using photo or video detectors, which can be installed on a fixed base near the transport highway for monitoring traffic flows and individual vehicles, and on rolling stock for monitoring transport infrastructure facilities. Image processing occurs by determining the function of blurring the image of an object, algorithms for extracting an image of an object using cascading classifiers and characteristic points, depending on the behavior of the object itself, as well as using a convolutional neural network. Machine learning of the convolutional neural network occurs when using the back propagation method of error. A neural network allows detecting objects of certain classes in the image, determining the parameters of their state and behavior. The proposed model with a movable hardware, which is responsible for obtaining the primary image, was tested on a section of the railway track to identify deviations of the state of the superstructure from the content standards, and a system with stationary photodetectors was tested to determine the parameters of moving vehicles. The obtained results of processing experimental data allowed drawing qualitative conclusions about the possibility of using the proposed algorithms and schemes for monitoring and control of various transport objects.
Protective effects of melatonin on γ-ray induced intestinal damage

Purpose: To examine the protective effects of melatonin on intestinal damage induced by γ-rays. Materials and methods: Six-week-old Slc:ICR male mice were used. Mice were given whole-body irradiation at various exposure doses (7–21 Gy) with 137Cs γ-rays (0.98 Gy/min). The mice were orally administered 1 ml of either 1% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC) or melatonin (1, 5, 10 or 20 mg/ml) freshly prepared as a uniform suspension in CMC before or after irradiation. The concentrations of plasma melatonin were determined by the radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. The mice were killed at 3.5 days after the exposure. The jejunum was removed, fixed in formalin and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The numbers of crypts per transverse circumference were counted using a microscope for 10 histological sections of each mouse. Results: The intestinal damage caused by γ-ray irradiation was prevented by melatonin correlating to dosage. The D0 (slope of the dose-survival curve) value significantly (p < 0.05) increased from 1.55 ± 0.19 (mean ± SD) Gy to 1.98 ± 0.16 Gy by orally administering 20 mg melatonin 30 min before irradiation. The radioprotective effect of melatonin continued for 6 h after the administration. Conclusions: Melatonin is judged to be a potential protector against intestinal damage associated with radiotherapy. Further experimental and clinical studies on this subject are needed to allow its use for radiotherapy.