Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Host Plant Specialization Governed by Facultative Symbiont

In North America and Europe, the pea aphid ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) encompasses ecologically and genetically distinct host races, offering a model system for studies on sympatric speciation ([ 1 ][1], [ 2 ][2]). One host race lives on red clover ( Trifolium pratense ) and cannot produce offspring on
Design and implementation of a beam scanning reconfigurable antenna

In this paper, a reconfigurable antenna which operates at ISM band has been proposed, which is based on EBG materials. The antenna scans the elevation plane with a 90 degree step. The antenna is formed of an omnidirectional feeding element surrounding by two layers of EBG surfaces in four sides. The reconfigurability in the proposed antenna is achieved by using diodes in the EBG surfaces. Switching the diode creates a defect in the EBG surfaces which changes the functionality of EBG surfaces from stop band to pass band. The antenna radiates in the direction that the EBG surface in that direction has OFF diodes. The antenna has been fabricated and the experimental results have also been reported. The antenna has been fabricated and the experimental results show a good performance in terms of directivity.
Service platform technology for next-generation wireless multimedia: An overview

The practical success of service platform technology for next-generation wireless multimedia relies largely on its flexibility in providing adaptive and cost effective services. This article aims to present an overview of existing work in the area, pointing out key research issues and possible solutions for successful implementation a well engineered next-generation services to be created, deployed and managed, addressing customer as well as operator needs. The first part of the presentation deals with advances in service platform technologies for next generation mobile systems. Cellular networks have provide a wide range of services and worldwide roaming with low costs and stable service quality. This technology plays an important role in providing mobile communication services. The next part of this presentation contains IP multimedia subsystem service platform including key parts: QoS and policy. In the third part, network support for multimedia delivery together with multimedia conferencing is described. This article is concluded with long term evolution technology.
ACC/AHA 2004 guideline update for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1999 Guidelines for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery).

TASK FORCE MEMBERS Elliott M. Antman, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair Sidney C. Smith, Jr., MD, FACC, FAHA, Vice Chair Joseph S. Alpert, MD, FACC, FAHA† Jeffrey L. Anderson, MD, FACC, FAHA David P. Faxon, MD, FACC, FAHA Valentin Fuster, MD, PhD FACC, FAHA Raymond J. Gibbons, MD, FACC, FAHA†‡ Gabriel Gregoratos, MD, FACC, FAHA† Jonathan L. Halperin, MD, FACC, FAHA Loren F. Hiratzka, MD, FACC, FAHA Sharon Ann Hunt, MD, FACC, FAHA Alice K. Jacobs, MD, FACC, FAHA Joseph P. Ornato, MD, FACC, FAHA
An equilibrium model for predicting the efficacy of marine protected areas in coastal environments

Quantitative models of marine protected area (MPA) proposals can be used to compare outcomes given cur- rent biological knowledge. We used a model of a linear coastline, with 200 discrete cells each spanning 1.6 km of coast. This model is used to evaluate alternative proposals for marine protected area networks, predicting equilibrium changes in abundances and harvests while accounting for dispersal of larvae and older fish, changes in fecundity with reduced mortality in reserves, impacts of displaced fishing effort on abundances outside reserves, and compensatory (stock-recruitment) changes in postsettlement juvenile survival. The model demonstrates that modest dispersal rates of older fish can substantially reduce abundance within protected areas compared with predictions from models that ignore such dispersal. The strength of compensatory improvements in postsettlement juvenile survival is the most critical fac- tor in determining whether a reserve network can rescue populations from the impacts of severe overharvesting. We use the model to compare specific alternative proposals for protected area networks along the California coast, as mandated through California's Marine Life Protection Act, and show that achieving the goals of the Act depends primarily on the fisheries management regulations outside of protected areas and that the size and configuration of MPAs has little im- pact.
Motion control of electric vehicle based on cornering stiffness estimation with yaw-moment observer

In this paper, two estimation methods of cornering stiffness are proposed based on yaw-moment observer (YMO). First, a simple method is developed under the assumption that cornering stiffness coefficients of front and rear wheels are identical. A novel direct yaw-moment control (DYC) with this estimation is proposed for electric vehicles with in-wheel motors. Second, a sophisticated method is introduced which can identify the front and rear cornering stiffness independently as well as it can estimate the side-slip angle of vehicle. Simulation and experiments are carried out to show the advantages of proposed methods on various road conditions
Foresight of Submarine Optical Fiber Cable Detection using Synthetic Aperture Sonar

This paper introduces traditional techniques used on Submarine Optical Fiber Cable Detection firstly, and puts forward a new method — Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS) Detection — aiming at solving the shortages and limitations of traditional techniques. Then the elements and characteristics of the new method are expatiated and the practicability of it is analyzed.
Ketamine‐Pancuronium‐Narcotic Technic for Cardiovascular Surgery in Infants–A Comparative Study

Ketamine, pancuronium, and alphaprodine were used as the primary anesthetic agents in 71 infants requiring cardiovascular operations during a recent 1-year period. This group of patients was compared with a similar group anesthetized 3 years before with d-tubocurarine, halothane, and/or N2O-O2.Stability of the circulatory system was well maintained with ketamine-pancuronium-narcotic (KPN) during the induction period. How ever, once surgical dissection of the heart and great vessels began, hypotension/bradycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and 48-hour mortality were similar for the two groups. Therefore, using these criteria for analysis, the KPN technic, in spite of claims for its minimal adverse effect on the cardiovascular system, did not prove superior to the halothane-N2O-O2-curare technic.
Is guinea pig inoculation ever justified for the diagnosis of tuberculosis?

Methaemoglobin formation is a prominent feature of chlorate poisoning; available evidence suggests that this condition is neither relieved by methylene blue treatment nor does it determine the often fatal outcome of this intoxication. We recently observed a case of severe sodium chlorate poisoning' with methaemoglobinaemia unresponsive to methylene blue and ascorbic acid. We could also demonstrate that the red cell defect induced by methaemoglobin forming agents varied greatly in its responsiveness to methylene blue. After a short in vitro incubation with chlorate, the red cell defect was no longer reversed by the addition of methylene blue. We have demonstrated that the incubation of red cells with chlorate induces not only the oxidation of haemoglobin, but also
Effects of viewing videos of bullfights on Spanish children

Some of the psychological effects of viewing bullfights on children 8-12 years old are described. Two hundred and forty subjects (120 girls and 120 boys) aged between eight and twelve from a variety of socioeconomic backgrounds were selected from three public or private elementary / secondary schools in Madrid, Spain. The first study used a questionnaire to examine the children's attitudes towards bullfighting by looking at their acceptance and cognitive-emotional appraisal of the event. Videotapes of bullfights with differing commentaries were then used, along with a battery of questionnaires, to assess the emotional impact of these events, as well as the impact of narrative explanations on aggression and anxiety. Most children were not very positive about bullfights in the initial questionnaire. Viewing of tapes with 'festive' or aggressive dialogues (but not tapes without a justification) resulted in more expressed aggression in boys than girls. There was also evidence that age had a significant effect, and that some children appeared disturbed by the exposure.
Tenascin C in Stem Cell Niches: Redundant, Permissive or Instructive?

The stem cell niche provides the specialized environment that is able to sustain the lifelong maintenance of stem cells in their discrete locations within organs. The niche is usually composed of several different cell types and a specialized extracellular matrix consisting of many different constituents. Additionally, a variety of growth factors are secreted into the extracellular space and contribute to the functional organization of the niche. Here, I will concentrate on the multimodular extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin C (Tnc) and discuss it as an exemplary molecule that is present in several stem cell niches. In spite of its intuitively suggestive presence, it has been difficult to provide functional evidence for the importance of Tnc in the context of stem cells. In the nervous system, the careful analysis of Tnc-deficient mice has revealed that the developmental program neural stem cell pass-through is delayed due to changes in growth factor responsiveness. To gain further insight, we have employed the gene trap technology in neural stem cells to identify potential Tnc target genes. This approach has surfaced 2 interesting candidates that may contribute to a better understanding of the signal(s) elicited by Tnc in neural stem/progenitor cells in the niche.
The effects of spatial filtering and artifacts on electrocorticographic signals

Objective. Electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals contain noise that is common to all channels and noise that is specific to individual channels. Most published ECoG studies use common average reference (CAR) spatial filters to remove common noise, but CAR filters may introduce channel-specific noise into other channels. To address this concern, scientists often remove artifactual channels prior to data analysis. However, removing these channels depends on expert-based labeling and may also discard useful data. Thus, the effects of spatial filtering and artifacts on ECoG signals have been largely unknown. This study aims to quantify these effects and thereby address this gap in knowledge. Approach. In this study, we address these issues by exploring the effects of application of two types of unsupervised spatial filters and three methods of detecting signal artifacts using a large ECoG data set (20 subjects, four task conditions in each subject). Main results. Our results confirm that spatial filtering improves performance, i.e., it reduces ECoG signal variance that is not related to the task. They also show that removing artifactual channels automatically (using quantitatively defined rejection criteria) or manually (using expert opinion) does not increase the total amount of task-related information, but does avoid potential contamination from one or more noisy channels. Finally, applying a novel ‘median average reference’ filter does not require the elimination of artifactual channels prior to spatial filtering and still mitigates the influence of channels with channel-specific noise. Thus, it allows the investigator to retain more potentially useful task-related data. Significance. In summary, our results show that appropriately designed spatial filters that account for both common noise and channel-specific noise greatly improve the quality of ECoG signal analyses, and that artifacts in only a single channel can result in profound and undesired effects on all other channels.
Iterative algorithm and curve fitting technique for tuning with time delay system PID controller

In this paper, hybrid technique proposed for tuning Time Delays System with proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. So, the performance and the robustness for a class of Time Delay System are improved. The proposed hybrid technique is the combination of the iterative algorithm and curve fitting technique. The proposed iterative algorithm is improved, performance of the feedback tuning iterative technique; so the computational complexity of the iterative algorithm reduced. By using the iterative technique, the best polynomial coefficients of curve fitting technique is determined. Using the curve fitting technique, the Time Delay System is tuned and the stability parameters of the system is maintained. The curve fitting technique is one of the non linear programming techniques which can be constructed that approximately fits the data from the extract data. The proposed hybrid technique is implemented in MATLAB working platform and the tuning performance is evaluated. Then, the system performance of the proposed hybrid technique is compared with classical PID controller, Ziegler-Nichols tuning method.
CALIFA, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey: Early Report

We present the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey (CALIFA). CALIFA's main aim is to obtain spatially resolved spectroscopic information for ~600 galaxies of all Hubble types in the Local Universe (0.005< z <0.03). The survey has been designed to allow three key measurements to be made: (a) Two-dimensional maps of stellar populations (star formation histories, chemical elements); (b) The distribution of the excitation mechanism and element abundances of the ionized gas; and (c) Kinematic properties (velocity ? elds, velocity dispersion), both from emission and from absorption lines. To cover the full optical extension of the target galaxies (i.e. out to a 3sigma depth of ~23 mag/arcsec2), CALIFA uses the exceptionally large ? eld of view of the PPAK/PMAS IFU at the 3.5m telescope of the Calar Alto observatory. We use two grating setups, one covering the wavelength range between 3700 and 5000 AA at a spectral resolution R~1650, and the other covering 4300 to 7000 AA at R~850. The survey was allocated 210 dark nights, distributed in 6 semesters and starting in July 2010 and is carried out by the CALIFA collaboration, comprising ~70 astronomers from 8 di? erent countries. As a legacy survey, the fully reduced data will be made publically available, once their quality has been veri? ed. We showcase here early results obtained from the data taken so far (21 galaxies).
Enhanced anticancer activity and oral bioavailability of ellagic acid through encapsulation in biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles

Despite the fact that various studies have investigated the clinical relevance of ellagic acid (EA) as a naturally existing bioactive substance in cancer therapy, little has been reported regarding the efficient strategy for improving its oral bioavailability. In this study, we report the formulation of EA-loaded nanoparticles (EA-NPs) to find a way to enhance its bioactivity as well as bioavailability after oral administration. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) was selected as the biodegradable polymer for the formulation of EA-NPs through the emulsion–diffusion–evaporation technique. The obtained NPs have been characterized by measuring particle size, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction. The entrapment efficiency and the release profile of EA was also determined. In vitro cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of the obtained NPs were evaluated using Caco-2 and HCT-116 cell lines, respectively. Moreover, in vivo study has been performed to measure the oral bioavailability of EA-NPs compared to free EA, using New Zealand white rabbits. NPs with distinct shape were obtained with high entrapment and loading efficiencies. Diffusion-driven release profile of EA from the prepared NPs was determined. EA-NP-treated HCT-116 cells showed relatively lower cell viability compared to free EA-treated cells. Fluorometric imaging revealed the cellular uptake and efficient localization of EA-NPs in the nuclear region of Caco-2 cells. In vivo testing revealed that the oral administration of EA-NPs produced a 3.6 times increase in the area under the curve compared to that of EA. From these results, it can be concluded that incorporation of EA into PCL as NPs enhances its oral bioavailability and activity.
Analysis of Operating Conditions of Ground-Fault Protection Schemes for Generator Stator Winding

This paper presents results of simulation studies of the influence of methods of grounding the stator winding of the unit-connected generator neutral on the operating conditions of a 100% ground-fault protection excited by the third harmonic voltages ratio in the generator neutral and at its terminals. The analysis was performed for a generator with the neutral grounded through a ground-fault neutralizer, a third harmonic stop filter, a resistor, and a capacitive voltage divider. The influence of the parameters of the particular elements of the grounding circuits on the voltage feeding measuring element of the protection was determined. The capacitance to ground of the generator breakers was taken into account. The simulations were run for 1,110 MVA unit-concerted generator at ground faults along the whole length of the generator stator winding. It has been found that the method of grounding the generator neutral and the parameter of the grounding elements significantly influences the operating conditions of this protection. It is shown that, through the proper selection of these parameters, the ground-fault protection of whole stator winding, counting from the generator neutral to the terminals, is ensured.
THE JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY

Levels of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutamic dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase and malic dehydrogenase in the adult male rat hypothalamus were measured. There was no one consistent pattern for all enzymes; each had its own distinct distribution. There were many significant differences between hypothalamic nuclei and these differences would be masked when one makes comparisons of the major anatomical portions of the hypothalamus (anterior, middle and posterior) which are composed of these specific nuclei. Reports showing no differences in the metabolism of various portions of the hypothalamus might be accounted for on this basis. No apparent correlation between blood supply and oxidative or glycolytic pathways is noted.
Clinical features and independent predictors of interstitial lung disease in systemic lupus erythematosus

Objective: Respiratory manifestations were commonly seen in systemic lupus erythematosus. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the major respiratory complications, which increases morbidity and mortality. The objective of this paper is to observe the clinical characteristics of lung involvements for SLE in a population of South China and identify the risk factors contributing to the SLE-ILD. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in a population of south China between 2002 and 2012. SLE patients with respiratory involvements were reviewed. Demographic information, clinical features, laboratory findings and imaging characteristics were documented. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were applied to examine the predictors contributing to interstitial lung disease in SLE. Results: During the study period, 4038 SLE patients were reviewed, and 1536 cases with respiratory involvements were documented. Lupus pleuritis were the most commonly investigation in SLE-related respiratory disorders, followed by SLE induced ILD. Of all the 379 cases of SLE-ILD patients, the demographic features and most extrapulmonary symptoms were not significantly different from other SLE patients without ILD. Only dry eyes/months were exceptionally frequent in SLE-ILD. The single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) decreased at the earlier time point than other indexes. Ground glass opacities were the most frequent manifestation on High resolution computed tomography (HRCT), followed by consolidation. Honeycombing was not very common. According to logistic regression analysis, positive SSA, positive SSB, positive anti-Scl-70 and dry eyes/mouth were significant and considered to be the predictors for interstitial lung disease in SLE. Conclusions: The study observed a population of SLE with lung involvements and summarized the clinical characteristics in these cases. The results of this study show that anti-SSA/anti-SSB/antiSCl-70 and dry eyes/mouth were predictive associated factors for the occurrence of SLE-ILD. We recommend HRCT andpulmonary function test (PFT) scan in these SLE patients. As most ILD lesions are sensitively observed in HRCT, it is not absolutely apply lung biopsy.
Cloned Genomic DNA of Type 2 Porcine Circovirus Is Infectious When Injected Directly into the Liver and Lymph Nodes of Pigs: Characterization of Clinical Disease, Virus Distribution, and Pathologic Lesions

ABSTRACT Infection of animals with a molecular viral clone is critical to study the genetic determinants of viral replication and virulence in the host. Type 2 porcine circovirus (PCV2) has been incriminated as the cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), an emerging disease in pigs. We report here for the first time the construction and use of an infectious molecular DNA clone of PCV2 to characterize the disease and pathologic lesions associated with PCV2 infection by direct in vivo transfection of pigs with the molecular clone. The PCV2 molecular clone was generated by ligating two copies of the complete PCV2 genome in tandem into the pBluescript SK (pSK) vector and was shown to be infectious in vitro when transfected into PK-15 cells. Forty specific-pathogen-free pigs at 4 weeks of age were randomly assigned to four groups of 10 each. Group 1 pigs served as uninoculated controls. Pigs in group 2 were each inoculated intranasally with about 1.9 × 105 50% tissue culture infective doses of a homogeneous PCV2 live virus stock derived from the molecular clone. Pigs in group 3 were each injected intrahepatically with 200 μg of the cloned PCV2 plasmid DNA, and pigs in group 4 were each injected into the superficial iliac lymph nodes with 200 μg of the cloned PCV2 plasmid DNA. Animals injected with the cloned PCV2 plasmid DNA developed infection resembling that induced by intranasal inoculation with PCV2 live virus stock. Seroconversion to PCV2-specific antibody was detected in the majority of pigs from the three inoculated groups at 35 days postinoculation (DPI). Viremia, beginning at 14 DPI and lasting 2 to 4 weeks, was detected in the majority of the pigs from all three inoculated groups. There were no remarkable clinical signs of PMWS in control or any of the inoculated pigs. Gross lesions in pigs of the three inoculated groups were similar and were characterized by systemically enlarged, tan lymph nodes and lungs that failed to collapse. Histopathological lesions and PCV2-specific antigen were detected in numerous tissues and organs, including brain, lung, heart, kidney, tonsil, lymph nodes, spleen, ileum, and liver of infected pigs. This study more definitively characterizes the clinical course and pathologic lesions exclusively attributable to PCV2 infection. The data from this study indicate that the cloned PCV2 genomic DNA may replace infectious virus for future PCV2 pathogenesis and immunization studies. The data also suggest that PCV2, although essential for development of PMWS, may require other factors or agents to induce the full spectrum of clinical signs and lesions associated with advanced cases of PMWS.