Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pediatric endobronchial blockers in infants: a refinement in technique

Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Vic. , Australia Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Vic. , Australia Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. , Australia Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Vic. , Australia Email: elliot.long@rch.org. au
Synchrony between single-unit activity and local field potentials in relation to periodicity coding in primary auditory cortex.

1. We recorded responses from 136 single units and the corresponding local field potentials (LFPs) from the same electrode at 44 positions in the primary auditory cortex of 25 juvenile, ketamine-anesthetized cats in response to periodic click trains with click repetition rates between 1 and 32 Hz; to Poisson-distributed click trains with an average click rate of 4 Hz; and under spontaneous conditions. The aim of the study is to evaluate the synchrony between LFPs and single-unit responses, to compare their coding of periodic stimuli, and to elucidate mechanisms that limit this periodicity coding in primary auditory cortex. 2. We obtained averaged LFPs either as click-triggered averages, the classical evoked potentials, or as spike-triggered averages. We quantified LFPs by initial negative peak-to-positive peak amplitude. In addition, we obtained trigger events from negativegoing level crossings (at approximately 2 SD below the mean) of the 100-Hz low-pass electrode signal. We analyzed these LFP triggers similarly to single-unit spikes. 3. The average ratio of the LFP amplitude in response to the second click in a train and the LFP amplitude to the first click as a function of click rate was low-pass with a slight resonance at approximately 10 Hz, and, above that frequency, decreasing with a slope of approximately 24 dB/octave. We found the 50% point at approximately 16 Hz. In contrast, the LFP amplitude averaged over entire click trains was low-pass with a similar resonance but a high-frequency slope of 12 dB/octave and a 50% point at approximately 12 Hz. 4. The LFP amplitude for click repetition rates between 5 and 11 Hz often showed augmentation, i.e., the amplitude increased in response to the first few clicks in the train and thereafter decreased. This augmentation was paralleled by an increase in the probability of firing in single units simultaneously recorded on the same electrode. 5. We calculated temporal modulation transfer functions (tMTFs) for single-unit spikes and for LFP triggers. They were typically bandpass with a best modulating frequency of 10 Hz and similar shape for both single-unit spikes and LFP triggers. The tMTF per click, obtained by dividing the tMTF by the number of clicks in the train, was low-pass with a 50% cutoff frequency at approximately Hz, similar to that for the average LFP amplitude. 6. the close similarity of the tMTFs for single-unit spikes and LFP triggers suggests that single-unit tMTFs can be predicted from LFP level crossings. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Analysis of a simple A/D converter with a trapping window

This paper presents a simple analog-to-digital converter with a trapping window. As a constant input is applied, the window extracts an available length of the binary output sequence automatically. As main theoretical results, we clarify a parameter condition for the approximation using all the fractions of given precision and give an analytical formulation of the average error of the approximation.
Dynamics‐Based Amplification of RNA Function and Its Characterization by Using NMR Spectroscopy

The ever‐increasing cellular roles ascribed to RNA raise fundamental questions regarding how a biopolymer composed of only four chemically similar building‐block nucleotides achieves such functional diversity. Here, I discuss how RNA achieves added mechanistic and chemical complexity by undergoing highly controlled conformational changes in response to a variety of cellular signals. I examine pathways for achieving selectivity in these conformational changes that rely to different extents on the structure and dynamics of RNA. Finally, I review solution‐state NMR techniques that can be used to characterize RNA structural dynamics and its relationship to function.
SOGABE and MARUYAMA : A FAST AND ACCURATE FPGA SYSTEM FOR SHORT READ MAPPING BASED ON PARALLEL COMPARISON ON HASH

The purpose of DNA sequencing is to determine the order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule of target. The target DNA molecules are fragmented into short reads, which are short fixed-length subsequences composed of ‘A’, ‘C’, ‘G’ ‘T’, by next generation sequencing (NGS) machine. To reconstruct the target DNA from the short reads using a reference genome, which is a representative example of a species that was constructed in advance, it is necessary to determine their locations in the target DNA from where they have been extracted by aligning them onto the reference genome. This process is called short read mapping, and it is important to improve the performance of the short read mapping to realize fast DNA sequencing. We propose three types of FPGA acceleration methods based on hash table; (1) sorting and parallel comparison, (2) matching that allows one mutation to reduce the number of the candidates, (3) optimized hash function using variable masks. The first one reduces the number of accesses to off-chip memory to avoid the bottleneck by access latency. The second one enables to reduce the number of the candidates without degrading mapping sensitivity by allowing one mutation in the comparison. The last one reduces hash collisions using a table that was calculated from the reference genome in advance. We implemented the three methods on Xilinx Virtex-7 and evaluated them to show their effectiveness of them. In our experiments, our system achieves 20 fold of processing speed compared with BWA, which is one of the most popular mapping tools. Furthermore, we shows that the our system outperforms one of the fastest FPGA short read mapping systems. key words: field programmable gate array, genome sequence alignment, accelerated implementation, bioinformatics
Tactile sensibility in the human hand: receptive field characteristics of mechanoreceptive units in the glabrous skin area.

1. Impulses in tactile units innervating the glabrous skin of the hand recorded from the median nerve of adult human subjects. The recording electrodes which were made of tungsten were inserted percutaneously in the upper arm. 2. The units were classified on the basis of their sensitivity to sustained identation and to remote stimuli. Two types of rapidly adapting units and two types of slowly adapting units were found. In accordance with earlier reports they were denoted RA and PC units, and SA I and SA II units. 3. The sensitivity profiles of the receptive fields were analysed by measuring the extent of the receptive field as a function of the identation amplitude. 4. The RA and SA I units had receptive fields with several zones of maximal sensitivity distributed over an approximately circular or oval area typically covering five to ten papillary ridges. Within this area the sensitivity was high, whereas the sensitivity diminished steeply with increasing distance from this area. 5. The PC and SA II units had receptive fields with a single zone of maximal sensitivity and gentle continuous threshold increase outside this zone. 6. The relation between the identation amplitude and the receptive field size of a unit was described by a power function. The power exponent for the RA and SA I units was well below unity, whereas the PC and SA II units had exponenets greater than unity. The variation in exponent was very small among the RA and among the SA I units. Their average exponents were therefore regarded as characteristics of the unit type. 7. The SA II units were qualitatively studied with regard to their sensitivity to lateral skin stretch. Three different types of SA II units were described with regard to the directional pattern of this sensitivity. 8. The relation of the present findings to the problem of correlation between morphological structures of nerve end‐organs and physiologically defined unit types is considered. 9. Moreover, the findings, indicate that the RA and SA I units are well suited for the analysis of mechanical events on the skin surface with a high degree of spatial selectivity, whereas the PC and SA II units are suited for analysis of other mechanical events, e.g. vibration and various forms of tension in the skin and related tissues.
Modulation of Bradykinin Receptor Ligand Binding Affinity and Its Coupled G-proteins by Nitric Oxide*

To determine whether nitric oxide (NO) can modulate bradykinin (BK) signaling pathways, we treated endothelial cells with an NO donor, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), to determine its effect(s) on G-proteins (Gi and Gq) that are coupled to the type II kinin (BK2) receptor. Radioligand binding assays and Western analyses showed that GSNO (10–500 μm, 0–72 h) did not alter the expression of BK2 receptor, Gi, or Gq. However, GSNO caused a 6-fold increase in basal cGMP production and decreased high affinity BK bindings sites and GTPase activity by 74 and 85%, respectively. The cGMP analogue, dibutyryl-cGMP, also inhibited BK-stimulated GTPase activity by 74% suggesting that some of the effects of NO may be mediated through activation of guanylyl cyclase. The NO synthase inhibitor,N ω-monomethyl-l-arginine, inhibited endogenous NO synthase activity and cGMP production by 91 and 76%, respectively, but increased BK-stimulated GTPase activity by 61%. To determine which G-proteins are affected by NO, we performed GTP binding assays with [35S]GTPγS followed by immunoprecipitation with specific G-protein antisera. Both GSNO and dibutyryl-cGMP increased basal G-protein GTP binding activities by 18–26%. However, GSNO decreased BK-stimulated Gαi2, Gαi3, and Gαq/11 GTP binding activity by 93, 61, and 90%, respectively, whereas epinephrine-stimulated Gαs GTP binding activity was unaffected. These results suggest that NO can modulate BK signaling pathways by selectively inhibiting G-proteins of the Gi and Gqfamily.
Esophageal squamous cell cancer in patients with head and neck cancer: Prevalence of human papillomavirus DNA sequences

An etiologic role for human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in either head and neck (HNC) or esophageal carcinogenesis remains debatable. Patients with head and neck cancer are at high risk for developing a second esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). The aim of our study was to determine whether HPV infections play a role in this multifocal carcinogenesis. Samples from 2 groups of HNC patients were studied: Random esophageal biopsies were collected from the first group of 60 patients who had been screened for asymptomatic ESCC. The second group consisted of 21 patients with pairs of HNC and ESCC. Both the fresh frozen biopsy samples of the first group and the paraffin‐embedded specimens of the second group were evaluated for the presence of HPV DNA sequences by PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing. HPV DNA sequences were detected in 66.7% of normal/inflammatory (34/51) and dysplastic and malignant (6/9) esophageal tissues from HNC patients being screened endoscopically. Similarly, in the second group of 21 patients with both HNC and ESCC, HPV DNA sequences were demonstrated in 13 (61.9%) of the HNC biopsies and in 14 (66.7%) of the ESCC biopsies. The prevalence of high‐risk‐type HPV 16 was low (5/51, 9.8%) in normal/inflammatory esophageal mucosa but higher (10/24, 47.6%) in ESCC. The low‐risk HPV 11 was present in 37.3% (19/51) of normal/inflammatory, 66.7% (4/6) of dysplastic and 28.9% (13/45) of the carcinoma samples. The same HPV type was present in only 3/21 pairs of HNC and ESCC samples, suggesting that a clonal expansion from the HNC to a subsequent ESCC, or visa versa, is unlikely. The high prevalence of “low‐risk” HPV infections points to the need for studies on possible interactions of these infections with the use of alcohol and tobacco in the pathogenesis of these tumors. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MODELLING OF FREQUENCY‐DEPENDENT EFFECTS OF LIGNOCAINE HOMOLOGUES ON THE MAXIMUM UPSTROKE VELOCITY OF ACTION POTENTIALS IN GUINEA‐PIG PAPILLARY MUSCLES

1. The effects of 14 lignocaine homologues on the maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax) of the action potentials (AP) were studied in guinea‐pig papillary muscles. These drugs possess one, two or three methyl groups in different positions: an ortho‐chloro,‐carbomethoxy or‐ethyl group instead of an ortho‐methyl group; or an N‐butyl group instead of an N‐diethyl group in lignocaine molecules.
Therapeutic effect of increased openness: Investigating mechanism of action in MDMA-assisted psychotherapy

A growing body of research suggests that traumatic events lead to persisting personality change characterized by increased neuroticism. Relevantly, enduring improvements in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms have been found in response to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy. There is evidence that lasting changes in the personality feature of “openness” occur in response to hallucinogens, and that this may potentially act as a therapeutic mechanism of change. The present study investigated whether heightened Openness and decreased Neuroticism served as a mechanism of change within a randomized trial of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for chronic, treatment-resistant PTSD. The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) Global Scores and NEO PI-R Personality Inventory (NEO) Openness and Neuroticism Scales served as outcome measures. Results indicated that changes in Openness but not Neuroticism played a moderating role in the relationship between reduced PTSD symptoms and MDMA treatment. Following MDMA-assisted psychotherapy, increased Openness and decreased Neuroticism when comparing baseline personality traits with long-term follow-up traits also were found. These preliminary findings suggest that the effect of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy extends beyond specific PTSD symptomatology and fundamentally alters personality structure, resulting in long-term persisting personality change. Results are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms of psychotherapeutic change.
Dual signal transduction mediated by a single type of olfactory receptor expressed in a heterologous system

Abstract Controversy exists over the relationship between the cAMP and IP3 pathways in vertebrate olfactory signal transduction, as this process is known to occur by either of the two pathways. Recent studies have shown that a single olfactory neuron responds to both cAMP- and IP3-producing odorants, suggesting the existence of an olfactory receptor protein that can recognize both ligands. In this study we found that the rat olfactory receptor I7, stably expressed in HEK-293 cells, triggers the cAMP pathway upon stimulation by a specific odorant (octanal) at concentrations lower than 10-4 M; however, the receptor triggers both pathways at higher concentrations. This indicates that a single olfactory receptor, stimulated by a single pathway-inducing odorant, can evoke both pathways at high odorant concentrations. Using this heterologous system, both the dose-dependent response and receptor I7 specificity were analyzed. The dose-dependent Ca2+ response curve, which also includes the release of Ca2+ ions from internal stores at high odorant concentrations, was not monotonous, but had a local maximum and minimum with 10-10 and 10-7 M octanal, respectively, and reached a plateau at 10-2 M octanal. The specificity of the I7 receptor was lower when exposed to higher concentrations of odorants.
Agile Adoption in IT Organizations

Many IT organizations aspire to improve the efficiency and general standard of their software development effort by implementing agile software development practices. Some of the popular agile development methods adopted by IT organizations are Scrum, eXtreme Programming (XP), Kanban, Featured Driven Development (FDD) and Dynamic System Development Method (DSDM). This paper intends to identify and analyze the barriers that impact on the performance of IT organizations that use such agile software development methods. The analysis will help the IT organizations to cater the needed aspects to be successful. The analysis will also help the IT organizations to select the right methodology for their organization. The contribution of this analysis is to present guideline related to avoid or overcome the barriers towards adoption of agile.
Rheumatologists' recommended patient information when prescribing methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVES Accurate communication of information concerning the risks and benefits of medications is essential for adherence and patient safety. A diverse array of information and sources makes it difficult to know exactly what to tell a patient with rheumatoid arthritis about methotrexate. OBJECTIVE Our objective is to determine what key information patients must know about methotrexate and the key reasons they should call their doctor while they are taking methotrexate. METHODS Three hundred and forty-four Canadian rheumatologists were sent a survey containing open-ended questions to gain uncued narrative perspectives from each individual's experience. The survey was designed to determine what must all patients taking methotrexate know and when must patients taking methotrexate call a physician? Emergent coding was used to establish a set of categories to form a checklist for coding. A second member checking survey was sent to gain confirmation and validation of themes developed from the initial survey. RESULTS One hundred and seventy out of 344 (49.5%) surveys were completed. Regular blood testing, once weekly dosing, risk of infection, pregnancy and lactation information, alcohol limitation, potential lung toxicity, and drug interactions were thought to be important. Patients should call if they became pregnant, developed symptoms suggestive of lung toxicity, developed an infection, severe mouth sores, or were concerned about any side effects warranting the discontinuation of the medication. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to describe, from a rheumatologist's perspective, the key important information that all patients should know and when patients should call their doctor when taking methotrexate.
Enhanced Spam & Intrusion Detection in Multitier Web Applications using Hybrid Model System

723 Abstract— E-mail is the main communication link that everyone uses. In this mail communication we will h ave a spam e-mails consisting URL’s to a websites or WebPages l eads to virus or hacking. So we already have a method of de tecting the spam mails but it won’t reject the entire spam mail s. In this paper, we are going to detect the entire spam by em ail scanning before it read by the users, blocking the domain ir respective of the users E-mail ID, keyword based blocking, passwo rd security by Fractal detection and recognition is an unique method to identify every human. Internet services and applica tions have become an inextricable part of daily life, enabling communication and the management of personal information from anywhere. To accommodate this increase in appli cation and data complexity, web services have moved to a m ultitier design wherein the web server runs the application front-end logic and data are outsourced to a database or file server. In this paper, we present an IDS system that models EMAIL and the network behavior of user sessions across both the f ront-end web server and the back-end database. By monitoring bot h web and subsequent database requests, we are able to ferret out attacks that independent IDS would not be able to identify. Furthermore, we quantify the limitations of any multitier IDS in terms of training sessions and functionality covera ge. We implemented the using an Apache web server with My SQL and lightweight virtualization.
Characterization of Superoxide-producing Sites in Isolated Brain Mitochondria*

Mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and III have been shown to produce superoxide but the exact contribution and localization of individual sites have remained unclear. We approached this question investigating the effects of oxygen, substrates, inhibitors, and of the NAD+/NADH redox couple on H2O2 and superoxide production of isolated mitochondria from rat and human brain. Although rat brain mitochondria in the presence of glutamate+malate alone do generate only small amounts of H2O2 (0.04 ± 0.02 nmol H2O2/min/mg), a substantial production is observed after the addition of the complex I inhibitor rotenone (0.68 ± 0.25 nmol H2O2/min/mg) or in the presence of the respiratory substrate succinate alone (0.80 ± 0.27 nmol H2O2/min/mg). The maximal rate of H2O2 generation by respiratory chain complex III observed in the presence of antimycin A was considerably lower (0.14 ± 0.07 nmol H2O2/min/mg). Similar observations were made for mitochondria isolated from human parahippocampal gyrus. This is an indication that most of the superoxide radicals are produced at complex I and that high rates of production of reactive oxygen species are features of respiratory chain-inhibited mitochondria and of reversed electron flow, respectively. We determined the redox potential of the superoxide production site at complex I to be equal to –295 mV. This and the sensitivity to inhibitors suggest that the site of superoxide generation at complex I is most likely the flavine mononucleotide moiety. Because short-term incubation of rat brain mitochondria with H2O2 induced increased H2O2 production at this site we propose that reactive oxygen species can activate a self-accelerating vicious cycle causing mitochondrial damage and neuronal cell death.
Mapping care pathways for the elderly.

PURPOSE Aims to describe a project carried out within Hampshire Social Services investigating potential care pathways for older people after discharge from hospital and to show the potential of the simulation methodology in such situations. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH A discrete-event simulation was used to determine the system capacities and to estimate the likely associated reimbursement costs. FINDINGS A prototype simulation model was developed showing the potential value of this approach. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS Restrictions in data access shifted the focus from quantitative service mapping to a more descriptive approach. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Currently, many older patients experience delayed discharge from acute beds because of capacity limitations in Social Services' traditional post-acute care services. At the same time, new regulations require Local Authorities to reimburse NHS Acute Trusts if hospital discharge is delayed solely due to inadequate provision of social care assessments and services. In order to overcome the so-called "bed-blocking" problem, a new range of services termed "Intermediate Care" has been introduced to offer alternative options for older patients. These services are examined in terms of capacity and appropriateness. ORIGINALITY/VALUE This paper fulfils an identified need to record and evaluate the new post-acute packages introduced by the Social Services and NHS and proposes simulation as one of the most suitable methodologies for such objectives.