Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CLASSIFICATION OF CRYOPHILIC WINE YEASTS BASED ON ELECTROPHORETIC KARYOTYPE, G+C CONTENT AND DNA SIMILARITY

Seven strains of cryophilic wine yeasts and two strains of mesophilic wine yeasts were investigated for their utilization of sugars, viability of ascospores in hybrid obtained from between cryophilic wine yeast and mesophilic wine yeast, electrophoretic karyotype, G+C content of DNA and DNA similarity in photobiotin microplate-hybridization. Six strains of cryophilic wine yeasts were identified as Saccharomyces uvarum and one strain of cryophilic wine yeast was identified as S. chevalieri according to The Yeasts, 2nd ed. (Lodder, J., ed., North Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, 1970) on the basis of mainly sugar utilization. However, ascospores of hybrids obtained from between cryophilic wine yeast and mesophilic wine yeast did not germinate. These cryophilic wine yeasts were similar to the type strain of S. bayanus (IFO 1127) in electrophoretic karyotype and G+C content. The cryophilic wine yeasts also showed high DNA similarity values to the type strain of S. bayanus and low DNA similarity values to the type strain of S. cerevisiae (IFO 10217). Accordingly, these seven strains of cryophilic wine yeasts were classified to S. bayanus. Additionally, another eight strains of S. bayanus, classified on the basis of DNA similarity, showed good fermentability at low temperatures accompanied by production of low amounts of ethanol at intermediate temperatures, the same as cryophilic wine yeasts. These results suggest that the fermentation characteristics are specific for S. bayanus. Two strains of mesophilic wine yeasts showed high DNA similarity values to the type strain of S. cerevisiae.
SOCIETAL APPLICATIONS OF IOT

-A product in general is developed in order to benefit the society. Each product aims at different group of people. It is developed to solve a particular problem or enhance the usage of the current system in practice. Societal requirements associated with a product gives it an edge over others in the market. As an architecture, it can be developed using variety of engineering design process. This survey paper proposes some ideas for overall societal improvement , primarily using IOT.
Rejoinder

signal can be compared with the true (expected) signal. Moreover, with real data, one can plot the number of genes called significant versus the expected number of false-positive genes, as the cutoff for a given method is varied. If a method A (such as that proposed by the authors) is better than a more standard method B, then the curve for A should lie mostly above that for B. Such an analysis, for example, was done in the “SAM” work of Tusher, Tibshirani, and Chu (2001). It would be important to carry out these kinds of studies to determine the practical utility of the proposed methods.
Proteomics is not only a biomarker discovery tool

The relatively young science of proteomics has been extensively used to identify biomarkers. However, a detailed and careful interpretation of proteomics data can also provide a clear picture of integrated biochemical systems, which can lead to a better comprehension of pathological processes. For example, the proteome analysis of human brain tissue from patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or multiple sclerosis compared with healthy controls has identified differentially expressed proteins that may not only be potential biomarkers but may also provide information that may increase the comprehension of these neurological disorders. Thus, proteomics is not only a biomarker discovery tool but can also identify potential players of relevance for diseases.
Effects of sediment eluates and extracts from differently polluted small rivers on zebrafish embryos and larvae

The effects on newly fertilized eggs, embryos and larvae of zebrafish Danio rerio following exposure to sediment samples from the more heavily contaminated River Korsch, southern Germany, occurred earlier and were more prominent than in samples from the less contaminated Krahenbach. Dose- and time-related effects following exposure to Korsch sediment eluates and extracts included: (1) hatching failure and subsequent death of larvae exposed to undiluted aqueous sediment eluates and reduced hatching rates at sediment extract concentrations ≥0.0125%; (2) increased mortality after exposure to 25 and 50% dilutions of aqueous sediment eluates, and dilutions of ≥0.00625% sediment extracts; (3) reduction of heart beat frequency for 50% dilutions of sediment eluates and concentrations of ≥0.025% extracts; (4) increased frequency of heart and yolk sac oedema after exposure to ≥0.0125% sediment extracts. Since adverse effects of sediment extracts observed in zebrafish laboratory tests correlated with reproductive failure in natural populations of brown trout Salmo trutta f. fario in the severely polluted River Korsch, early life stages tests with zebrafish appear to be a suitable tool to assess the contamination rate of natural sediments.
Latitude variation and its influence on rules of thumb in daylighting

Rules of thumb in daylighting are often regarded as a universal principle that can be applied in any geographical location. For example, the 20–25% window area to floor area ratio is a well-known daylighting rule of thumb proposed by various researchers in Europe and in the United States. However, very few researchers have provided testimony to the applicability of this rule in other regions. Previous daylighting simulation work using Lumen Micro 8 has testified to the validity of this rule of thumb in Sydney, Australia. Current simulations carried out using AGi-32 lighting software cover latitude deviations away from Sydney to include those closer to the equator and the south pole. The daylighting simulations also address variations in window area to floor area ratios. Limitations of the window area to floor area ratio rule of thumb in other latitudes are thus identified.
Comment

The work of Tian, Liu, and Wei on the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach to estimating function-based inference has opened a new window for making inference on parameters θ estimated through (standardized) estimating equation Sx(θ) = 0 that may be difficult to solve and analyze. Recognizing that Sx(θ) evaluated at the true parameter is usually asymptotically normal, the authors obtained a target density for the root(s) of the estimating equation and constructed a Metropolis algorithm to sample from the target distribution without the need to solve the equation. Estimating equations are used routinely in statistical analysis for their broad applicability and favorable robustness properties. Solving a complex set of estimating equations can be challenging, however. Finding the right root among multiple roots is rarely easy. Avoiding the need to solve estimating equations is a distinctive and highly valuable feature of the proposed MCMC approach, as demonstrated by the three examples given in section 3 of the article. We present our discussion in the next three sections.
■ Review : Cell Volume in the CNS: Regulation and Implications for Nervous System Function and Pathology

Swelling of cells in the nervous system is frequently associated with pathological states such as cerebral ischemia. The major cell type that swells in gray matter appears to be the astrocyte, although swelling of neuronal dendrites also occurs. Such swelling probably affects function by reducing the volume of the extracellular space. In addition the properties of the swollen cells themselves are altered, such as the swelling-induced release of excitatory amino acids, which are likely to be deleterious. Recent work has shown that these effects, linked to astrocytic swelling, may be involved in pathological states such as cerebral ischemia and trauma. Increased understanding of such swelling in the CNS will thus be of great importance in understanding mechanisms of brain damage and may provide specific sites for therapeutic intervention. NEUROSCIENTIST 6:14-25, 2000
A comparison of anthropogenic and elephant disturbance on Acacia xanthophloea (fever tree) populations in the Lowveld, South Africa

Acacia xanthophloea (the ‘fever tree’) is a popular medicinal species that is traded widely in South Africa. Although it occurs throughout southern Africa, there is increasing pressure on its riverine and marshy habitats. This study compares the impact of harvesting on an A. xanthophloea population located on private land near Komatipoort, Mpumalanga, with two protected populations situated within the Kruger National Park. The densities of the harvested and protected populations were similar (84±8 trees/ha and 85±20 trees/ha, respectively). There were fluctuations in the quotients between frequencies of trees in successive diameter classes, which is common in savanna where high levels of fire, mega-herbivore and anthropogenic disturbance are experienced. The extent of stem damage (stripping of bark and breakage) by elephants in the protected area was significantly higher than the extent of harvesting on private land, although the degree of damage was relatively low, with only 7 % of the populations having been damaged at rates >26 %. The degree of harvesting on private land was relatively low, with the majority of trees having been harvested at rates of less than 10 % of the stem below 2 m. Despite this, ringbarking had occurred (4 %). The basal diameters and heights were significantly lower in the protected population than in the harvested one, suggesting that over time elephant impact was the more severe disturbance. Acacia xanthophloea exhibited high resilience to disturbance, with all the elephant damaged trees and harvested individuals surviving. However, the mean bark thickness measured in local markets (6.3±1.4 mm) was significantly lower than that measured in either the harvested (12.4±1.0 mm) or the KNP (10.3±0.8 mm) populations. As harvesters tend to select the largest individuals in a population to maximise their financial returns, this could mean that smaller individuals are being harvested, and/or bark is not being given sufficient time to grow back after harvesting. Acacia xanthophloea outside protected areas thus need to be monitored and the management improved, preferably in conjunction with the resource users. In addition, traditional healers, those selling medicinal plants and other members of the community need to continue to be encouraged to cultivate this fast growing species.
Comment

Bickel, P., and Freedman, D. (1983), “Bootstrapping Regression Models With Many Parameters,” in A Festschrift for Erich L. Lehmann in Honor of his Sixty-fifth Birthday, eds. P. J. Bickel, K. A. Doksum, and J. L. Hodges, Jr., Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, pp. 28–48. [1260] Ehm, W. (1991), Statistical Problems With Many Parameters: Critical Quantities for Approximate Normality and Posterior Density Based Inference, Habilitationsschrift: University of Heidelberg. [1260] Haberman, J. (1977a), “Log-Linear and Frequency Tables With Small Expected Cell Counts,” The Annals of Statistics, 5, 1148–1169. [1260] ——— (1997b), “Maximum Likelihood Estimates in Exponential Response Models,” The Annals of Statistics, 5, 815–841. [1260] Huber, P. J. (1973), “Robust Regression: Asymptotics, Conjectures and Monte Carlo,” The Annals of Statistics, 1, 799–821. [1260] Mammen, E. (1993), “Bootstrap and Wild Bootstrap for High-Dimensional Linear Models,” The Annals of Statistics, 21, 255–285. [1260] ——— (1996), “Empirical Process of Residuals for High-Dimensional Linear Models,” The Annals of Statistics, 24, 307–335. [1261] Marron, J. S. , and Wand, M. P. (1992), “Exact Mean Integrated Squared Error,” The Annals of Statistics, 20, 712–736. [1260] Portnoy, S. (1984), “Asymptotic Behavior of M-Estimators of p Regression Parameters When p2/n is Large. I. Consistency,” The Annals of Statistics, 12, 1298–1309. [1260] ——— (1985), “Asymptotic Behavior of M-Estimators of p Regression Parameters When p2/n is Large. II. Normal Approximation,” The Annals of Statistics, 13, 1403–1417. [1260] ——— (1986), “Asymptotic Behavior of the Empiric Distribution of M-Estimated Residuals From a Regression Model With Many Parameters,” The Annals of Statistics, 14, 1152–1170. [1260] ——— (1988), “Asymptotic Behavior of Likelihood Methods for Exponential Families When the Number of Parameters Tends to Infinity,” The Annals of Statistics, 16, 356–366. [1260] Sauermann, W. (1989), “Bootstrapping the Maximum Likelihood Estimator in High-Dimensional Log-Linear Models,” The Annals of Statistics, 17, 1198–1216. [1260]
Integration of the soybean molecular and classical genetic linkage groups

To initiate the process of map integration, we used data from a Glycine max × G. max mapping population that had segregating markers at seven pigmentation (DI D2 G I L1 T Y9), six morphological (Dt1 E2 Lf1 Ln P1 Pd1), and seven isozyme (Aco4 Enp Idh1 Mdh Mpi Pgi Pgm1) loci (underscoring indicates marker members of the classical map). The parents of this population were two multi-marker strains, one a near-isogenic line (NIL) of the cultivar Clark, and the other a NIL of the cultivar Harosoy. Sixty F 2.3 progeny lines were characterized for allelic status at the 20 classical loci, 8 RAPD loci, and 110 RFLP loci; the latter previously mapped in the G. max× G. soja mapping population. The computer program JoinMap was used to pool the linkage data obtained in both populations and to build consensus linkage groups. As a result of theses analyses, marker T of classical linkage group 1 (CLG-1) was assigned to molecular linkage group c2 (MLG-C2), marker P1 of CLG-2 to MLG-k, markers Dt1 and L1 of CLG-5 to MLG-l, marker Y9 of CLG-14 to MLG-e, and marker Mpi of CLG-18 to MLG-g. Probes A702 and B219, which hab detected two MLG-b1 markers (i.e., A702-1 and B219-1) in the G. max × G. soja population, detected two different (homoeologous? ) markers (i.e., A702-2 and B219-4) in the Clark × Harosoy population, and these were linked to markers G, D1, and Pd1 of CLG-3. Markers Ln and Enp of CLG-4 were linked to two RFLP markers, but the MLG association was ambiguous because in the G. max × G. soja map one ot he RFLP markers mapped to MLG-f and the other mapped to MLG-i. With the CLG to MLG assignments made in this study, plus others that can be inferred from the recent literature, about half of the 19 soybean CLGs can now be associated with a corresponding MLG
Book Reviews

This is a book of some importance, albeit somewhat disguised by its popular style. Martin Nowak, a Professor of Biology and of Mathematics and the Director of the Program for Evolutionary Dynamics at Harvard University, has over the past decade become one of the most important researchers of models of biological cooperation, including their application to human beings. He has become a polarizing figure as well, due to his recent attack on inclusive fitness theory in a paper coauthored with Corina E. Tarnita and E. O. Wilson. Supercooperators is to a limited extent an introduction to the field of study, but the focus is on Nowak’s own work and that of his collaborators over the past two decades. In his book, Sociobiology, E. O. Wilson declared altruism as the central problem to be solved in evolutionary biology, and a major trajectory in late twentieth century biology has been developing evolutionary explanations for the existence of altruistic behavior. By the 1970s, theories of inclusive fitness first developed by W. D. Hamilton and theories of reciprocal altruism first developed by Robert Trivers were thought to explain a substantial portion (some would say all) of altruistic behavior. This was made more plausible when reciprocal altruism was extended to include reputation effects: I will help you, knowing that word of my good deed will get around, increasing the likelihood that others will do a good deed to me in the future. Although examples in the animal world could be found to exemplify both theories, their ability to explain all altruistic behavior proved to be problematic, especially in the case of human beings. In the mid-1990s, David Sloan Wilson and Elliot Sober proposed group selection as a third causal factor in the evolution of altruism, and while group selection has remained controversial, it has gained wider acceptance. These theories and their significance are laid out clearly in the first chapters of Supercooperators, and kin-selection and reciprocal altruism serve as the starting point of Nowak’s own research. Working as a mathematician, a primary tool of research for Nowak has been computer simulations, and a good portion of his earlier work was dedicated to showing how stronger forms of altruism can evolve under the right conditions. It is well-known from Robert Axelrod’s work that a strategy of strict reciprocal altruism (‘‘tit-for-tat’’) can perform quite successfully in Theology and Science, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2012
Self-driving Reconfigurable Silicon Photonic Interconnects (Flex-LIONS) with Deep Reinforcement Learning

We propose a self-driving reconfigurable optical interconnect architecture for HPC systems exploiting a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm and a reconfigurable silicon photonic (SiPh) switching fabric to adapt the interconnect topology to different traffic demands. Preliminary simulation results show that after training, the DRL-based SiPh fabric provides the lowest average end-to-end latency for time-varying traffic patterns.
Comment

Republican and Democratic representatives, the goal appears to be to measure words that are indicative of partisan conflict. But because Republicans and Democrats tend to come from different parts of the country, the party labels are conflated with language that is particular to the geographic region. The author recommends including covariates to mitigate this particular problem, but without clarifying the goal of measurement, it is hard to know what covariates should be included or excluded from the model. The obscured goals also complicate the evaluation of any covariate’s value to the model. Thanks to impressive articles like the author’s, the application of machine learning techniques in the social sciences is growing. With the application of the methods there has also been an impressive number of new methods introduced. My hope is that social scientists will develop a parallel literature on the evaluation of the models. Together, this will lead to the accurate measurement of sentiment across large datasets and facilitate the discovery of new facts about the world.
Book Reviews

A Second Course in Probability. Scheldon M. Ross and Erol A. Peköz Dennis D. Cox 416 Semiparametric Theory and Missing Data. Anastasios A. Tsiatis Debajyoti Sinha 417 A Statistical Approach to Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition. Robert A. Dunne Herbert K. H. Lee 418 Statistical Challenges in Modern Astronomy IV. G. Joseph Babu and Eric D. Feigelson Athanasios Kottas 418 Statistical Design and Analysis of Stability Studies. Shein-Chung Chow Ying Qing Chen 419 Statistical Test Theory for the Behavioral Sciences. Dato N. M. De Gruijter and Leo J. T. Van Der Kamp Gregory F. Petroski 420 The Text Mining Handbook. Ronen Feldman and James Sanger Jay Devore 420 Uncertain Judgments Eliciting Expert’s Probabilities. Anthony O’Hagan, Caitlin E. Buck, Alireza Daneshkhah, J. Richard Eiser, Paul H. Garthwaite, David J. Jenkinson, Jeremy E. Oakley, and Tim Rakow Dalene K. Stangl 421 Telegraphic Reviews 421
Protein–Incorporated Serum Total Antioxidant Capacity Measurement by a Modified CUPRAC (CUPRIC Reducing Antioxidant Capacity) Method

Due to inadequacies in analytical methodology of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) measurement, proteins are initially separated from the human serum matrix by precipitation and are left unmeasured, thereby causing an important “antioxidant gap. ” The aim of this work is to measure the TAC of serum with the modified CUPric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) method, and to identify the contribution of serum proteins, especially thiol-containing proteins, to TAC. CUPRAC results were statistically compared to those found by reference methods, namely ABTS (2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), and Ellman thiols assay. The curves of absorbance vs thiol concentration, as well as of absorbance vs diluted serum (whole serum, trichloroacetic acid (TCA)−precipitated and redissolved serum protein solution, and TCA supernatant fractions) volume, of three distinct serum samples showed excellent linearity and low intercept values only with the modified CUPRAC method. The proposed method will help characterize the “antioxidant gap” of serum TAC originating from protein components which should not be neglected in future antioxidant measurements.
How does changing measurement change management behaviour? A review of the evidence

Abstract The effect of a change in accounting standards on reporting firms' economic behaviour is often a concern raised by those opposing the accounting change. Some view these changes in behaviour as an inevitable consequence of a rule change. Others are not persuaded by these arguments. Although the empirical evidence of changes in economic behaviour is not extensive, it is consistent with accounting changes resulting in firms changing both operating and financing decisions. The evidence of which economic incentives give rise to these changes is more limited. Changes in economic behaviour appear consistently to be related to the regulatory use of accounting numbers. In addition, some evidence related to incentives created by management compensation and by market discipline has been found. Evidence of the importance of debt covenants in inducing accounting changes is less convincing given limited examination of actual debt contracts and the use of poor proxies of covenant slack. The existing research does little to tell us whether any changes in behaviour are for the better or for the worse.
Susceptibility of frog (Rana temporaria) and toad (Bufo bufo) eggs to invasion by Saprolegnia

Infections of amphibian eggs sometimes cause catastrophic losses of reproductive effort, but susceptibility to infection in different species is poorly understood. Using laboratory trials we showed that direct hyphal invasion of adjacent eggs by Saprolegnia caused a higher incidence of infection than invasion by zoospores. Moreover, we observed that dead eggs were much more readily colonized than live eggs when challenged with zoospores from two strains of Saprolegnia . The two strains were equally effective in causing infections of Rana temporaria eggs, but differed in their ability to infect eggs of Bufo bufo . In live R. temporaria eggs, early stages (pre-tailbud) were more frequently infected by hyphal invasion than later stages by the same strains, suggesting that susceptibility to infection decreases as development proceeds.
Detection of a plant pathogen in a nonvector insect species by the polymerase chain reaction

A nonculturable mycoplasmalike plant pathogen was detected in a leafhopper species capable of transmitting the pathogen as well as in a leafhopper species that does not vector the pathogen. Amplification of a pathogen-specific DNA sequence by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed the presence of pathogen DNA in total nucleic acid extracts of the vector insect Macrosteles fascifrons and of the nonvector insect Dalbulus maidis, both of which had fed on plants infected by the aster yellows mycoplasmalike organism