Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immobilization of Gluconobacter oxydans by Entrapment in Porous Chitosan Sponge

The porous chitosan sponge was prepared using NaHCO3 as the porogen and used to immobilize Gluconobacter oxydans. Under the optimum conditions, the activity recovery of the immobilized cells reached 92%. The morphology characterization of the immobilized cells revealed that the cells were attached to the surface of the pores (100-400μm) which were well distributed in the chitosan sponge. The valuation of cell activity showed that the immobilized cells displayed enhanced pH and thermal stability compared to free cells. Furthermore, the immobilized cells retained 74% of its origin activity after 12 repeated reaction cycles separated by filtration.
A Systematic Literature Survey of Software Metrics, Code Smells and Refactoring Techniques

Software refactoring is a process to restructure an existing software code while keeping its external behavior the same. Currently, various refactoring techniques are being used to develop more readable and less complex codes by improving the non-functional attributes of software. Refactoring can further improve code maintain-ability by applying various techniques to the source code, which in turn preserves the behavior of code. Refactoring facilitates bug removal and extends the capabilities of the program. In this paper, an exhaustive review is conducted regarding bad smells present in source code, applications of specific refactoring methods to remove that bad smell and its effect on software quality. A total of 68 studies belonging to 32 journals, 31 conferences, and 5 other sources that were published between the years 2001 and 2019 were shortlisted. The studies were analyzed based on of bad smells identified, refactoring techniques used, and their effects on software metrics. We found that “long method”, “feature envy”, and “data class” bad smells were identified or corrected in the majority of studies. “Feature envy” smell was detected in 36.66% of the total shortlisted studies. Extract class refactoring approach was used in 38.77% of the total studies, followed by the move method and extract method techniques that were used in 34.69% and 30.61% of the total studies, respectively. The effects of refactoring on complexity and coupling metrics of software were also analyzed in the majority of studies, i.e., 29 studies each. Interestingly, the majority of selected studies (41%) used large open source datasets written in Java language instead of proprietary software. At the end, this study provides future guidelines for conducting research in the field of code refactoring.
Relationships between first flowering date and temperature in the flora of a locality in central England

1. A data set of 36 years (1954-1989) of observations on first flowering dates (FFD) of 243 species of angiosperms and gymnosperms in one locality in southern central England is presented and analysed. 2. Individual FFDs ranged from 1 January to 17 August, and species varied considerably in the standard deviation of their FFD. The most variable species were mainly annuals and there was a negative relationship between mean FFD and variability, early-flowering species being the most variable. 3. For 219 of the 243 species, it was possible to fit regression equations for FFD to some set of monthly mean temperatures of the preceding months. These fits were generally best for woody plants and geophytes. February temperature was overall the most important determinant of flowering time. Sixty per cent of species flowering between January and April were affected by temperature 1-2 months before flowering; for summer (May onwards) flowering species, temperatures up to 4 months previously were important. 4. High spring temperatures advanced flowering by a mean of 4 days per degree. In contrast, both spring- and summer-flowering species were retarded in flowering by high temperatures in the previous autumn. 5. These relationships were used to simulate the effects of climatic warming: an overall increase of 1°C in each month would advance flowering in some species and retard others, by as much as 6 weeks. Retarded species were early-flowering, advanced species late-flowering. These results suggest a high degree of dependence of flowering time on temperature, and the variation between species implies that responses to climatic warming may be difficult to predict
Challenges to the Incorporation of Environmental Sustainability Issues into Construction Procurement at the Local Government Level of Ghana

A study was conducted with the aim of exploring the challenges affecting the incorporation of environmental sustainability issues into construction procurement at the local government level of Ghana. The research specifically studied nineteen (19) out of the twenty-two (22) district assemblies in the western region of Ghana, examined their construction procurement system and their challenges in incorporating environmental sustainability issues into their construction contracts. A literature review focused on the construction procurement process pertaining at the district level, questionnaires were used in the study. The study discovered that though the respondents were aware of the impact of construction procurement activities on the environment they do not pay attention to addressing these issues through the procurement processes. The study also noted that the major external challenges to incorporation of environmental sustainability issues into construction procurement are lack of government guidance, lack of knowledge in the industry, limiting standards and contractors desire for lower prices. The study identified four major internal challenges to the incorporation of environmental issues into construction procurement as: lack of roadmap or strategy, lack of knowledge and skills, weak processes, and lack of understanding of how to insert environmental issues into contracts. The study concluded that government need to expedite efforts to review the current procurement documents in order to provide a roadmap to incorporate environmental sustainability issues into the public procurement system. The study increased awareness on the importanceof working out a strategy to promote environmental sustainability issues through public procurement management.
Biochemical and phytochemical variations during the growth phase of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

Withanolides are therapeutically important secondary withanolides present in Withania somnifera. The present study was conducted to identify the growth stage of the plant that corresponds with the maximum amount of in vivo withanolide concentration and to correlate these values with the concentration of other phytochemicals and metabolic products. The plants were grown from seedling stage till 150 days from germination. At an interval of every 30 days the plants were checked for differences in the concentrations of withanolides and various other phytochemical compounds. HPLC analysis revealed a significant increase in the withanolide A and withaferin A at 60 days from germination which showed a strong correlation with the carbohydrate levels of the plant. This data will be useful for commercial extraction of withanolides from W. somnifera at higher concentrations.
BranchNet: A Convolutional Neural Network to Predict Hard-To-Predict Branches

The state-of-the-art branch predictor, TAGE, remains inefficient at identifying correlated branches deep in a noisy global branch history. We argue this inefficiency is a fundamental limitation of runtime branch prediction and not a coincidental artifact due to the design of TAGE. To further improve branch prediction, we need to relax the constraint of runtime only training and adopt more sophisticated prediction mechanisms. To this end, Tarsa et al. proposed using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that are trained at compile-time to accurately predict branches that TAGE cannot. Given enough profiling coverage, CNNs learn input-independent branch correlations that can accurately predict branches when running a program with unseen inputs. We build on their work and introduce BranchNet, a CNN with a practical on-chip inference engine tailored to the needs of branch prediction. At runtime, BranchNet predicts a few hard-to-predict branches, while TAGE-SC-L predicts the remaining branches. This hybrid approach reduces the MPKI of SPEC2017 Integer benchmarks by 7.6% (and up to 15.7%) when compared to a very large (impractical) MTAGE-SC baseline, demonstrating a fundamental advantage in the prediction capabilities of BranchNet compared to TAGE-like predictors. We also propose a practical resource-constrained variant of BranchNet that improves the MPKI by 9.6% (and up to 17.7%) compared to a 64KB TAGE-SC-L without increasing the prediction latency.
Diversity of Bacterial Community on the Surface of Q235 Steel in Temperate Coastal Marine Waters

The bacterial diversity of the rust layer on Q235 steel immersed in seawater is studied.The bacterial community structures are investigated through 16S rDNA gene analysis,which results in 192 clones randomly selecting and sequencing.After the sequences are checked,64 OTUs are obtained in all,which indicates that the rust layer contain high bacterial diversity.These 64 clones could be divided into 13 phylotypes: Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Bacillariophyta,Acidobacteria,Planctomycetes,Nitrospirae,Firmicutes,Chloroflexi,Verrucomicrobia,Chlorobi,Actinobacteria,Rhodophyta and Spirochaetes,but most of these sequences belong to uncultivated bacteria.Proteobacteria,especially Alphaproteobacteria,whose percentage is 46% and 53% respectively in the outer and inner rust layers,is the dominant component.The bacterial communities in the outer and inner rust layers also differ from each other in phylogenetical divergence.
Over Expression of p16 in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity

Introduction: In recent years, there has been a worldwide increase in the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity in young adults who are often without a history of smoking and who are often female. Alterations in p16INK4A, the tumor suppressor gene, have been regularly reported in this condition. Materials and methods: It is an interesting study of 14 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity collected in the department of stomatology and maxillofacial surgery. The term young is used to define patients aged 49 years or younger at the time of diagnosis. The expression of the p16INK4A protein was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. An invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity with strong expression of p16INK4A was used as a positive control. Results: 28% were women and 43% were non-smokers. All tumors were squamous cell carcinomas, most of them moderately differentiated (65% of cases). No tumors were in stage I, while 44% and 28% were in stage III and IV respectively. The tumors were located on the lip (50% of cases), the anterior two thirds of the tongue (21% of cases), gum (14% of cases), the floor of the mouth (8% of the cases) IFJ (7% of cases). A strong and diffuse immunoreactivity of p16INK4A was observed in all cases of epidermoid carcinomas of the oral cavity. Discussion: Our results are consistent with those described in several studies and are in favor of overexpression of the p16INK4A protein in dysplastic cells of the oral cavity, an intense immunostaining with p16INK4A could constitute an effective marker of precancerous lesions of high grade and potentially lesions The overexpression of p16INK4A can be used to identify and confirm these lesions. Therefore overexpression of p16INK4A can be widely used routinely
Planaria: Dynamic Architecture Fission for Spatial Multi-Tenant Acceleration of Deep Neural Networks

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have reinvigorated real-world applications that rely on learning patterns of data and are permeating into different industries and markets. Cloud infrastructure and accelerators that offer INFerence-as-a-Service (INFaaS) have become the enabler of this rather quick and invasive shift in the industry. To that end, mostly accelerator-based INFaaS (Google’s TPU [1], NVIDIA T4 [2], Microsoft Brainwave [3], etc.) has become the backbone of many real-life applications. However, as the demand for such services grows, merely scaling-out the number of accelerators is not economically cost-effective. Although multi-tenancy has propelled datacenter scalability, it has not been a primary factor in designing DNN accelerators due to the arms race for higher speed and efficiency. This paper sets out to explore this timely requirement of multi-tenancy through a new dimension: dynamic architecture fission. To that end, we define Planaria1 that can dynamically fission (break) into multiple smaller yet full-fledged DNN engines at runtime. This microarchitectural capability enables spatially co-locating multiple DNN inference services on the same hardware, offering simultaneous multi-tenant DNN acceleration. To realize this dynamic reconfigurability, we first devise breakable omni-directional systolic arrays for DNN acceleration that allows omni-directional flow of data. Second, it uses this capability and a unique organization of on-chip memory, interconnection, and compute resources to enable fission in systolic array based DNN accelerators. Architecture fission and its associated flexibility enables an extra degree of freedom for task scheduling, that even allows breaking the accelerator with regard to the server load, DNN topology, and task priority. As such, it can simultaneously co-locate DNNs to enhance utilization, throughput, QoS, and fairness. We compare the proposed design to PREMA [4], a recent effort that offers multi-tenancy by time-multiplexing the DNN accelerator across multiple tasks. We use the same frequency, the same amount of compute and memory resources for both accelerators. The results show significant benefits with (soft, medium, hard) QoS requirements, in throughput (7.4×, 7.2×, 12.2×), SLA satisfaction rate (45%, 15%, 16%), and fairness (2.1×, 2.3×, 1.9×).
SWITCHED-CAPACITOR/SWITCHED-INDUCTOR STRUCTURES FOR GETTING TRANSFORMERLESS BIDIRECTIONAL DC–DC PWM CONVERTERS: STEADY STATE AND DYNAMICS

This paper is devoted to expanding sphere of application of the universal Switched-Capacitor/ Switched-Inductor Structures by replacing the diodes with MOSFETs. These structures allow to build a large family of bidirectional converters with an increased/decreased voltage ratio depending on the operating mode. These structures are based on the three diode blocks proposed for decrease the voltage and three diode blocks for increase it. The use of MOSFETs allow to save all the properties of these structures in the diode mode, but also to obtain new possibilities when the transistors operate themselves. At the same time, the step-down structures become increasing, and, conversely, the step-up structures become decreasing. The paper describes the basic structures, describes the Boost / Buck and Buck-Boost bidirectional converters, and shows opportunity of their use in bidirectional Cuk, Sepic and Zeta converters. To analyze the dynamics of such converters having a rather complicated structure, a methodology for replacing them with an equivalent circuit of a conventional converter of the same type, the dynamic characteristics of which are well known, is proposed. An analysis of their work and the results of the experiment are given, which confirm the correctness of the conclusions.
Green Bonds as a Tool Against Climate Change?

While green bonds are becoming increasingly popular in the corporate finance practice, little is known about their implications and effectiveness in terms of issuers' environmental engagement. Using matched bond-issuer data, we test whether green bond issues are associated to a reduction in total and direct (scope 1) emissions of non-financial companies. We find that, compared to conventional bond issuers with similar financial characteristics and environmental ratings, green issuers display a decrease in the carbon intensity of their assets after borrowing on the green segment. The decrease in emissions is more pronounced, significant and long-lasting when we exclude green bonds with refinancing purposes, which is consistent with an increase in the volume of climate friendly activities due to new projects. We also find a larger reduction in emissions in case of green bonds that have external review, as well as those issued after the Paris Agreement.
Advanced Communication For Industrial Monitoring And Control System

—The industrial monitoring system using wireless technology is a primeconcern in some industries. There are several approaches to Wireless Network for Industrial Applications nowadays. In this paper, we have tried to increase the security standards by combining new design techniques to wireless industrial monitoring and controlling system. The personal computer based wireless network for industrial application using Zigbee can be adopted at micro and macro Industries. Here Microcontrollers, Temperature Sensor, Gas Sensor, Power and Voltage Sensor, Intruder Sensor, Zero crossing detector, Voltage regulators are used. The whole system is controlled by the Personal Computer through Visual Basics GUI (Graphical User Interface). The GUI is developed based on application by the user. All the processor and controllers are interconnected to personal computer through Zigbee. The Personal Computer will continuously monitor all the Data from remote processing unit and compare with value preloaded process structure. If any error is found the personal computer takes necessary action. The Zigbee connected to the personal computer acts as full function device and is used to send and receive data from other nodes and used to control the speed of DC motor. GSM will be used to send a warning to the author/user.
Memory performance of ARM processors and its relevance to High Energy Physics

Projects such as the to-be upgraded ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN are expected to produce data in volumes which far exceed current system data throughput capacities. In addition, cost considerations for large-scale computing systems remain a source of general concern. A potential solution involves using low-cost, low-power ARM processors in large arrays in a manner which provides massive parallelisation and high rates of data throughput (relative to existing large-scale computing designs). Giving greater priority to both throughput-rate and cost considerations increases the relevance of primary memory performance and design optimisations to overall system performance. Using several primary memory performance benchmarks to evaluate various aspects of RAM and cache performance, we provide characterisations of the performances of three diﬀerent models of ARM-based SoC, namely the Cortex-A9, Cortex-A7 and Cortex-A15. We then discuss the relevance of these results to high throughput-rate computing and the potential for ARM processors. Finally, applications to the upgrade of the on-line and oﬀ-line data processing at the ATLAS detector are also discussed.
Les types d'oiseaux rapportés du Vietnam, du Laos et du Cambodge par Jean Delacour entre 1923 et 1939

Entre 1923 et 1939, Delacour, seul ou avec des collaborateurs, decrivit 168 taxons bases sur 209 specimens-types, rapportes de sept expeditions qui permirent d'acquerir une bonne connaissance de l'avifaune de ce qui etait alors l'Indochine francaise. Les collections des expeditions, incluant les specimens-types, furent reparties entre cinq museums (MNHN, BM, AMNH, FMNH et MCZ). Cependant, Delacour ne fut pas toujours tres explicite sur les destinations finales des specimens-types. Le but du present article est d'etablir une liste de tous ces specimens-types indiquant leur localisation actuelle et leur numero de registre, l'ensemble etant presente par expedition. Il comprend tous les taxons decrits par Delacour, seul ou en collaboration, mais pas ceux choisis par des auteurs posterieurs pour decrire de nouveaux taxons. Parmi ces 168 taxons, 65 presentent des incoherences dans les donnees qui ont necessite des verifications minutieuses dans les carnets d'expeditions manuscrits conserves a Cleres (la plupart mais pas tous). Cette methode, ainsi que la comparaison des inscriptions portees sur les etiquettes et des indications publiees, permit de lever presque toutes les incertitudes et d'en informer les museums concernes. Deux specimens-types importants n'ont pas ete retrouves. Le mâle de Faisan Imperial Lophura imperialis Delacour & Jabouille, 1924 et l'holotype de Tragopan temminckii tonkinensis Delacour & Jabouille, 1930. Huit specimens-types, declares deposes a Paris (MNHN), ont ete retrouves a Tring (BM) et un, repute a Tring, a ete retrouve a Paris. Six specimens-types de Paris, marques « type » ne correspondent pas aux donnees publiees; a chaque fois les specimens corrects ont ete retrouves a Tring.
Characterizing a Focused Landscape of Familial Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) affects approximately 190,600 patients per year in the United States, with mortality up to 45%. ARDS can occur as primary disease due to various factors (e.g. bacterial or viral pneumonia, gastric aspiration, lung contusion, toxic inhalation, and near drowning) or as secondary disease due to sepsis, pancreatitis, severe trauma, massive blood transfusion, and burn. We hypothesized that ARDS-affected individuals have patterns of variants in their physiological repertoire that can be tracked and utilized to complement clinical diagnosis and/or clinical monitoring. Methods The goals of this study were to: (1) characterize the landscape of variants within protein coding but we also studied UTR regions in ARDS using an Exome sequencing approach; (2), determine the variations in signaling pathways across ARDS; and (3) use computational approaches to explore the functional consequences of ARDS. Towards this we assessed an ARDS-affected individual in the context of unaffected individuals from the same family as well as unrelated ARDS cases, in order to elucidate underlying inheritance patterns of “private variants”. Private variants consist of variants shared by ARDS cases but not found in unaffected individuals. Results Whole exome sequencing yielded 3,516 variants represented by 2,354 genes. Of these, 128 variants were shared across all ARDS cases. Of these, there were 24 unique variants represented by 9 ARDS genes shared by the primary ARDS-case and unrelated individuals with ARDS. The overall genes identified and subsequent analysis, demonstrate that there are important biological pathways that distinguish ARDS cases from or from non-ARDS. These pathways include: cell-to-cell signaling interaction, cell growth and proliferation and cell morphology. The data also show a coordinated effort amongst biological processes such as liver hyperproliferation and cell death that underlie the pathogenesis of ARDS. Conclusions These in-silico discoveries demonstrate a role for private variants shared by ARDS cases to be leveraged as biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and/or monitoring of ARDS.
SPECIALIZED TARSAL HAIRS ON ADULT MALE COLORADO POTATO BEETLES, LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (SAY), HAMPER ITS LOCOMOTION ON SMOOTH SURFACES

Abstract Tarsi of male Colorado potato beetles adhere to glass and plastic surfaces limiting locomotion greatly. This is not observed with females. Scoop-like tarsal hairs present only in males are responsible for the adherence. The effect of this morphological difference on toxicological or behavioral research conducted in glass or plastic cages is discussed. Résumé Les mâles du doryphore de la pomme de terre adhèrent aux surfaces de plastique et de verre, ce qui limite grandement leur locomotion. Ceci n’est pas le cas des femelles. La présence de poils adhérents sur les tarses des mâles en est la cause. Nous discuterons aussi des conséquences de ce phénomène sur l’utilisation de cages construites en verre ou en plastique pour des études de toxicologie ou de comportement.