Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modalisation and pragmatics in simultaneous TV interpreting. A case study: American presidential debates

“Politics is quintessentially a language game”, as Geis (1987: 13) wrote. As such it has its own rules, which politicians are expected to abide by, especially when addressing a television audience during a debate. Interpreters having to cope withmedia events are required to act professionally while remain pragmatically and interactionally aware of the situation. Therefore, they may use a number of linguistic strategies and devices primarily aiming at accomplishing specific communicative functions. However, such process may lead to a change in the pragmatic level of the interpreted text (IT) if compared to the original one (OT). This paper aims at analysing the impact discourse modalisation has on ITs. The research carried out on simultaneous interpreting (SI) of five American presidential debates ranging from 1984 to 2008 would suggest that modality markers used in the target language may emphasise the pragmatic level of ITs, whereas omissions and inaccurate renditions of speakers‘ statements would determine a mitigation of the emotional impact as perceived by interpretation users. 1 The term is used with reference to events having a particular “grammar”: they are characterised by “elements of monopoly, being broadcasted live, and being remote”. Moreover, “they put a full stop on everything else on the air; [. ] they speak of the greatness of the event”. And, pragmatically speaking, “the interruption of the sequence of television puts a stop to the normal flow of life” (Dayan/Katz 1992: 10-1).
The Willingness of Business Students on T Innovative Behavior within the Theory of Planned Behavior

— Classes on creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship are becoming quite popular at universities throughout the world. However, it is not easy for business students to get involved to innovative activities, especially patent application. The present study investigated how to enhance business students’ intention to participate in innovative activities and which incentives universities should consider. A 22-item research scale was used, and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to verify its reliability and validity. Multiple regression and discriminant analyses were also conducted. The results demonstrate the effect of growth-need strength on innovative behavior and indicate that the theory of planned behavior can explain and predict business students’ intention to participate in innovative activities. Additionally, the results suggest that applying our proposed model in practice would effectively strengthen business students’ intentions to engage in innovative activities.
Population and management models for the Swedish wild boar (Sus scrofa)

The wild boar Sus scrofa population in Sweden has increased rapidly in the last decades which has led to conflicts among stakeholders, for example due to crop damages in agriculture. Thus, there is an urgent need of quantified goals and effective strategies for wild boar management. To develop such strategies, knowledge on population dynamics is fundamental. In this study a deterministic matrix model was used to estimate population growth, based on previously published data. The exponential growth rate for a wild boar population was calculated to 1.48. Elasticity analysis indicated that a change in juvenile survival has the strongest potential impact on population growth. With the present Swedish population estimated to at least 150 000 wild boar and the growth rate 1.48, a net increase of 72 000 boar has to be shot annually to keep the population at equilibrium. Further, harvest simulations were made to investigate the effects of varied cull among animal categories on growth rate and total harvest levels. In a model where proportional harvest of adult females was increased from 0.0 to 0.4 (combined with harvest of juveniles), the total harvest needed for a stable population decreased with 45 %. The corresponding model using adult males resulted in higher harvest levels. The effect on growth rate from varying combinations of proportional harvest of juveniles and of adult females was also illustrated by contour curves for λ at different levels (increase-stable-decrease population). However, implementation of theoretically developed strategies meets various obstacles, when e.g. ethics and practical issues are considered, and such applied aspects were discussed.
Response of Antarctic phytoplankton to solar UVR exposure: inhibition and recovery of photosynthesis in coastal and pelagic assemblages

We examined ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-in- duced inhibition and recovery of Antarctic phytoplankton photosynthesis during the austral spring in surface coastal waters near Palmer Stn and in the open ocean waters of the Weddell-Scotia Confluence from 1997 to 1999. Pri- mary productivity was measured in 12 h time-course ex- periments using enclosures that transmitted either full- spectrum solar UVR or only long-wavelength UVA. Recovery from inhibition was determined by transferring samples from high to low UVR at intervals during the in- cubation. Biological weighting functions for UVR inhibi- tion of photosynthesis were also determined for each experiment. Photosynthesis measurements were compared to model predictions using 3 exposure-response relation- ships: an irradiance-based (E) model that assumes rapid repair, a cumulative-exposure (H) model that assumes no repair, and a model that incorporated slow repair (R model). Open-ocean phytoplankton were generally much more sensitive to UVR inhibition than coastal assem- blages, which primarily had high rates of repair (E model). In contrast, open-ocean assemblages generally recovered from inhibition more slowly (R model). Some recovery was evident in all cases, so the H model was not applied to any assemblage. Our previous view of repair being either sim- ply present or absent is therefore revised to recognize that repair rates range from slow to fast and should be taken into account, together with spectral weight, in assess- ments of photosynthetic response to UVR in the Southern Ocean, including the effect of ozone depletion. Informa- tion on repair rate is particularly important for simulations of production in vertically mixed surface layers.
Gaseous exchange between the developing cotyledons, hypocotyls of Avicennia pericarp in relation to outside atmosphere

Study on the gaseous exchange between the developing cotyledons, hypocotyls in the pericarp of the Avicennia in relation to its outside atmosphere was conducted. The relative proportions of pericarp and the cotyledon tissue was determined. The structure of the pericarp and its relationship to the cotyledons was also studied. Internal gas content of Avicennia seedling was examined. Permeability and exchange of the gas with respect to the pericarp and seedling of Avicennia was also assessed. Acetaldehyde, Ethanol and Lactate Content in the seedlings Avicennia was also measured. The results showed the continuous decrease in the relative weight of the pericarp. The gas bubbles from immersed intact seedlings were found to be larger. The intercellular gas was found to be high CO2 than those found in air.75 % and 87% reduction in the levels of lactic acid and acteladehyde was noticed, when the cotyledons tissue was exposed to the atmosphere by the fruit walls; whereas the ethanol disappears completely
SALIENCY BASED SEGMENTATION OF SATELLITE IMAGES

Abstract. Saliency gives the way as humans see any image and saliency based segmentation can be eventually helpful in Psychovisual image interpretation. Keeping this in view few saliency models are used along with segmentation algorithm and only the salient segments from image have been extracted. The work is carried out for terrestrial images as well as for satellite images. The methodology used in this work extracts those segments from segmented image which are having higher or equal saliency value than a threshold value. Salient and non salient regions of image become foreground and background respectively and thus image gets separated. For carrying out this work a dataset of terrestrial images and Worldview 2 satellite images (sample data) are used. Results show that those saliency models which works better for terrestrial images are not good enough for satellite image in terms of foreground and background separation. Foreground and background separation in terrestrial images is based on salient objects visible on the images whereas in satellite images this separation is based on salient area rather than salient objects.
Methods to Evaluate Land-Atmosphere Exchanges in Amazonia Based on Satellite Imagery and Ground Measurements

During the last three decades, intensive campaigns and experiments have been con- ducted for acquiring micrometeorological data in the Amazonian ecosystems, which has increased our understanding of the variation, especially seasonally, of the total energy available for the atmospheric heating process by the surface, evapotranspiration and carbon exchanges. However, the measurements obtained by such experiments generally cover small areas and are not representative of the spatial variability of these processes. This chapter aims to discuss several algorithms developed to estimate surface energy and carbon fluxes combining satellite data and micrometeorological observations, high lighting the potentialities and limitations of such models for applications in the Amazon region. We show that the use of these models presents an important role in understanding the spatial and temporal patterns of biophysical surface parameters in a region where most of the information is local. Data generated may be used as inputs in earth system surface models allowing the evaluation of the impact, both in regional as well as global scales, caused by land-use and land-cover changes.
THE EFFECTS OF INTERFERON β-1b ON DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS İNTERFERON β-1b’NİN MULTİPL SKLEROZDA DEPRESYON, ANKSİYETE VE YAŞAM KALİTESİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

DOI: 10.4328/JCAM.4832 Received: 08.11. 2016 Accepted: 28.11. 2016 Printed: 01.07. 2017 J Clin Anal Med 2017;8(4): 257-60 Corresponding Author: Ceyhun Can, ANEAH Seyhan Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi, Kurttepe Mah. Süleyman Demirel Bulvarı, 01170, Çukurova, Adana, Türkiye. GSM: +905058989099 F. : +90 3223550315 E-Mail: ceyhuncan26@gmail.com Öz Amaç: Multipl Skleroz’un merkezi sinir sistemine doğrudan etkileri, hastalığının kendi stresi, yeti yitimleri ve ilaçların yan etkileri hastanın psikolojisi ve yaşam kalitesi(YK) üzerine olumsuz etki yapabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amaçları: Yeni atakla gelen ve IFNβ-1b başlanan atak ve iyileşme ile giden MS hastalarında tedavinin başlangıcında, 1 ve 6 ay sonrasında psikiyatrik ve yaşam kalitesi ölçümleri yapmak ve IFNβ-1b’nin psikiyatrik ölçümler ve yaşam kalitesi değerleri üzerine olan etkilerini değerlendirmek ve karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Otuz atak ve iyileşme ile giden MS hastası çalışmaya dahil edildi. Tüm hastalar altı ay boyunca IFNβ-1b tedavisi aldı. Depresyon [( Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ)], anksiyete [Durumluk Kaygı Ölçeği (DKÖ)] ve YK [ Kısa Form-36 (KF-36)] ölçümleri prospektif olarak 30 MS hastasında elde edildi. Bulgular: KF-36’nın fiziksel rol güçlüğü ve ağrı alt ölçeklerinde ilk ve son ölçümlerde çalışma grubundaki tüm hastalarda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptandı ( p<.05, p<.05). Bu değişkenlerde iyileşmeler saptandı. İlk ve son BDÖ ölçümleri arasında istatistiksel anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı (p>.05). Ancak son DKÖ ölçümleri bazal DKÖ ölçümlerine göre yüksekti ve fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı idi (p<.007). Tartışma: Yeni ataklı atak ve iyileşme ile giden MS hastalarında başlanan interferon bileşiklerinin yaşam kalitesini iyileştirdiği saptandı. Tedavi süresince depresyon ölçümleri üzerine farklılık saptanmazken, IFNβ-1b’nin anksiyete ölçümleri üzerine olumsuz etkisi saptandı.
Corporate Social Responsibility as a Conflict Between Owners

Corporate Social Responsibility as a Conﬂict between Owners Amir Barnea and Amir Rubin ∗ March 2, 2005 Abstract In recent years ﬁrms have greatly increased the amount of resources allocated to activities classiﬁed as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). This increase in CSR expenditure may be consistent with ﬁrm value maximization if it comes as a response to changes in stakeholders’ preferences. However, we argue that insiders (managers and large blockholders who are aﬃliated with the ﬁrm) may want to over-invest in CSR for their private beneﬁt since it improves their reputation as being good global citizens. We test this hypothesis by investigating the relation between ﬁrms’ CSR ratings and their ownership and capital structure. We employ a unique data set that categorizes the largest 3,000 US corporations to being either socially responsible or socially irresponsible. We ﬁnd that insiders’ ownership and leverage are negatively related to the social rating of ﬁrms, while institutional ownership is uncorrelated with it. These results support the hypothesis that CSR is a source of a conﬂict between diﬀerent owners. One of the most signiﬁcant corporate trends of the last decade is the growth of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Deﬁnitions of CSR vary but generally refer to serving people, communities and the environment in a way that goes above and beyond what is legally Barnea, Finance division, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada. email: amir.barnea@sauder.ubc. ca. Rubin, Finance division, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada. email: arubin@sfu.ca. We thank Rob Heinkel, Alan Kraus, Kai Li, Chris Perignon, Ralph Winter and seminar par- ticipants at Simon Fraser University, The University of British Columbia, the 2003 Finance and Accounting in Tel-Aviv conference and the 2004 NFA meetings for helpful comments. We want to express our deepest gratitude to Justin Bellew from KLD Research & Analytics, Inc. for providing us data. We also gratefully acknowledge the research support of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
Diagnosing cyclogenesis by partitioning energy and potential enstrophy in a linear quasi-geostrophic model

Baroclinic development is studied with 2 linear, quasi-geostrophic models. One model is theEady model, the other uses more realistic wind, density, Coriolis, and static stability. Initialvaluesolutions are diagnosed using time series of potential enstrophy (H), total energy (E), thecomponents of H and E, and the amplitude norm. Two vertical structures for the initial conditionare used for both models. One initial condition is representative of a class of initial conditionsstudied previously having enhanced nonmodal growth (NG). The other initial conditionapproximates observed conditions prior to cyclogenesis. Results are shown for the most unstablenormal mode wavelength of each model. The growth rates of the components of H and E evolvequite differently for different initial states and models tested. NG in H is shown to be sensitiveto the contribution of the boundary potential vorticity (BPV) of the initial state; small adjustmentsin eddy structure at the boundary significantly alter BPV and H growth rates. Theamount of NG is related to how far BPV present initially differs from the asymptotic normalmode. The effect upon NG of each approximation present in the Eady model (but not in theother model) are considered. Using realistic mean flow shear, static stability, or compressibilitycan significantly reduce NG but including linearly varying Coriolis parameter did not. Twoconceptual models of NG are considered. Growth by increasingly favorable superpositionremains relevant. Growth by “tilting into the vertical” is shown to be incorrect.
Lessons from India : Bamboo as a solution for low-cost housing in India

This paper summarises the work done over a span of 18 months on bamboo as a structural material for low-cost housing solutions in Pabal, in the province of Pune, in India. The start of the project takes us to the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, where the first designs and process methodology for building these DIY structures were conceived. After initial testing done in Scotland with 1:2 scale prototypes, a group from the University of Bath deployed in Ambajogai (Maharastra, India) built the full scale structure and reported back on the process and the difficulties encountered when erecting this structure in India along with the locals. The current work is focused on including the feedback obtained from the full scale construction, sorting out the major difficulties encountered, and adopting new solutions to counteract the setbacks that took place when the initial construction took place. Further work in the acoustics of the structures, as well as energy efficiency analyses are being carried out at present. The intention is to have another opportunity at building the new improved structure this coming summer, taking the advantage of EWB-affiliated students going to India for work placements or study trips.
Community structure and dynamics of wood-rotting Basidiomycetes on decomposing conifer trunks in northern Finland

The succession and organization of wood-rotting Basidiomycetes, as indicated by their fruit body production, were studied on naturally fallen, decomposing trunks of Picea abies (L.) Karsten subsp. obovata (Ledeb.) Domin and Pinus sylvestris L. in northeastern Finland. The study area consists of northern boreal primeval forests that show no signs of forestry practices or wood utilization. Altogether 120 species of Basidiomycetes were found on Picea and 104 on Pinus. The species compositions varied with the following characteristics of the trunks: stage of decay, history of fungal infections preceding the tree fall , diameter and amount of bark. The structures of fungal communities were analysed by using DCA ordination and the divisive clustering technique TWINSPAN. The results indicate that wood-inhabiting fungi succeed each other according to a regular order and that they differ from each other in their association with microclimatic regimes, in their strategies in resource capture, in their competition ability during the wood decomposition, and in their species associates. Physical and chemical properties of the host tree species and the microclimate of the growth site govern the basic trends in the community development of wood-inhabiting fungi. The first steps in tree trunk decomposition greatly depend on the way the tree died. Primary decayers affect the composition of the fungi at later stages of decay, by opening successional pathways for specific groups of saprotrophs. It is concluded that the conser ation of Jignicolous fungi can succeed only after comprehensive analysis of fungal community de elopment and the achievement of a thorough understanding of the decomposition dynamics of fallen tree trunks.
A comparison of three polychotomous Rasch models for super-item analysis

Local dependency is a prevalent phenomenon in educational tests where several dichotomous items are based on a single prompt. This is a violation of one of the major assumptions of Rasch and other IRT models and poses restriction on the analysis of such tests with these models. To solve the problem, it has been suggested that the items which belong to a single prompt be bundled together and analysed as independent polychotomous super-items. However, in the last few decades there has been an array of polychotomous models with different properties and assumptions which makes the choice of the right model rather difficult. The purpose of the present study is two-fold: 1) to compare the performance of three psychotomous Rasch models for super-item analysis and 2) to check the consequences of using ‘inappropriate’ models when the assumption of equal distances between steps within and across items is violated. To this end, a reading comprehension test comprising six independent passages each containing six dichotomous items was analysed with three Rasch models, namely, Andrich’s (1978) rating scale model (RSM), Andrich’s (1982) equidistant model and Masters’ (1982) partial credit model (PCM). Results show that there is not much difference in the three models as far as model data fit, standard error of parameter estimates and discrimination are concerned. Nevertheless, noticeable differences were observed in the estimates of the difficulty parameters across the three models.
THE DESIGN OF AN OPTICAL TIME STEERED ANTENNA BASED ON A NEW INTEGRATED TRUE TIME DELAY UNIT

In the framework of wide-band and ultra wide-band array antennas, an Optical Time Steered Antenna (OTSA) is presented, by considering the design strategies of a new True Time Delay (TTD) Control Unit in the Beam Forming Network (BFN). The unit has high reliability, low crosstalk, low switching time and potential low cost, being based on a low cost technology. Furthermore, due to its compactness and modularity, it can be easily grouped with other ones to make a control unit of large arrays. Difierent strategies and working conflgurations of the TTD control unit are presented as a trade-ofi among hardware complexity, insertion loss reduction and beam control capability. The design of an OTSA prototype is discussed by considering a realistic model simulating the behavior of a real world antenna and accounting for unavoidable non-realities, such as random, periodic and systematic errors introduced by each device exploited in the OTSA as well as mutual coupling between radiating elements. An optimal trimming strategy, able to compensate at best for BFN errors and based on the use of suitably located trimmers, is presented. Among other cases, to enlighten the potentialities of the OTSA, an all optical architecture providing a difierence beam squint free pattern is also proposed.
Patient Reported Health-related Quality of Life in Co-morbid Insomnia: Results from a Survey of Primary Care Patients in the United States

Background: This study attempts to establish the incremental burden of co-morbid Insomnia in an indigent and underserved population among patients with other primary Chronic diagnoses. Methods: Adult patients with primary chronic diseases were categorized for co-morbid Insomnia using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). One-way ANOVA and regression were conducted to assess group differences in SF-36 domain scores and independent associations between insomnia and HRQL, adjusting for inherent differences. Results: 962 respondents were categorized as: 230 "Insomnia" and 732 "No Insomnia". Patients with insomnia had worse mean Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores across most disease categories. Patients with insomnia had lower scores in all of the SF-36 scales for all disease groups except OAD. Conclusion: Findings suggest a strong association of poverty levels with increase in sleep problems - especially among women, and make a case for treating co-morbid insomnia independently of the primary condition.
Study and comparison of various image edge detection techniques used in quality inspection and evaluation of agricultural and food products by computer vision

Edges characterize boundaries and are therefore a problem of fundamental importance in quality assessment of agricultural and food products. Since edge detection is in the forefront of computer vision system for detection of vegetables, fruits and food grains needs to quality inspection and evaluation, it is crucial to have a good understanding of edge detection algorithms. In this paper the comparative analysis of various Image Edge Detection techniques is presented. The software is developed using MATLAB 7.6. It has been shown that the Canny’s edge detection algorithm performs better than all operators (i.e. LoG, Robert, Prewitt and Sobel ) under almost all scenarios.