Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Winning the War? New Evidence on the Measurement and the Determinants of Poverty in the United States

: Using micro-data from household expenditure surveys, we document the evolution of consumption poverty in the United States over the last four decades. Employing a price index that appears appropriate for low income households, we show that poverty has not declined materially since the 1980s and even increased for the young. We then analyze which social and economic factors help explain the extent of poverty in the U.S. using probit, tobit, and machine learning techniques. Our results are threefold. First, we identify the poor as more likely to be minorities, without a college education, never married, and living in the Midwest. Second, the importance of some factors, such as race and ethnicity, for determining poverty has declined over the last decades but they remain significant. Third, we find that social and economic factors can only partially capture the likelihood of being poor, pointing to the possibility that random factors (“bad luck”) could play a significant role.
The Geometry and Topology of Compact Complex Manifolds with RC-Positive Tangent Bundles

In this note, we give a brief exposition on the recent progress on the geometry and topology of compact complex manifolds with RC-positive tangent bundles, with particular focus on several open problems proposed by S. -T. Yau around 40 years ago. The uniformization theorem demonstrates satis-factorily that: every simply connected Riemann sur-face is isomorphic to one of three Riemann surfaces: the open unit disk D , the complex plane C , or the Riemann sphere S 2 . However, the geometry and topology of higher dimensional complex manifolds are far more complicated, and the classifica-tions of such manifolds are still challenging tasks in modern geometry. As analogous to the geometric properties of three model Riemann surfaces, many terminologies are developed to investigate higher dimensional complex manifolds. For instances, a vari-ety of curvature notions are used in differential geometry, e.g., holomorphic bisectional curvature, holomorphic sectional curvature, Ricci curvature and etc. With the help of the intersection theory, algebraic geometers created many algebraic concepts to de-scribe the geometry of algebraic manifolds, such as ampleness, nefness and so on. On the other hand, it is natural to investigate complex manifolds by ana-lyzing model Riemann surfaces contained in them. The category of algebraic manifolds containing rational curves ( CP 1 ∼ = S 2 ) plays a significant role in alge-* braic geometry, and complex manifolds without entire curves C —so called hyperbolic manifolds—are fundamental in analytical geometry.
Test Pattern Generation and Test Application Time Reduction Algorithms for VLSI Circuits

As the complexity of VLSI circuits is increasing at the rate predicted by Moore's law and the switching frequencies are approaching a gigahertz, testing cost is becoming an important factor in the overall IC manufacturing cost. Testing cost is incurred by test pattern generation and test application processes. In this dissertation, we address both of these factors contributing to the testing cost. We propose new test pattern generation and test application time reduction algorithms for reducing the IC testing cost. We propose new e cient and robust structure-based techniques for speeding up the deterministic test pattern generation for combinational circuits. These techniques improve the average-case performance of the PODEM algorithm by reducing number of backtracks with a low computational cost. We then extend these techniques to sequential circuits and propose new structure-based techniques for speeding up the deterministic test pattern generation for sequential circuits. These techniques improve the averagecase performance of the iterative logic array based deterministic sequential circuit test generation algorithms. We propose two new algorithms for generating compact test sets for combinational circuits under the single stuck-at fault model and a new heuristic for estimating the minimum single stuck-at fault test set size. We then extend these algorithms to generate compact test sets for pure combinational and full scan circuits under fault models that iii require two-pattern test sets, in particular for transition and CMOS stuck-open fault models. We propose a new design-for-testability technique for reducing the test application time of full scan embedded cores without using any additional test access pins other than the ones used for the full scan technique. We also propose a heuristic technique for computing an optimal scan chain con guration for these cores to obtain a minimal test application time. Finally, we propose a new synthesis technique for reducing the test application time of counter-based exhaustive built-in-self-test test pattern generators. This technique reduces the test application time by reducing the size of the binary counter used in the counter-based test pattern generators. iv
A Multiple End-Devices Authentication Scheme for LoRaWAN

With the advancement of the Internet of Things, the LoRa Alliance produced the Long-Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) Specification, allowing end-devices to transit through a gateway and join the LoRa network after completing a join procedure. When an end-device joins the LoRaWAN network, it must send a join request message to the network server and wait for the network server to verify such request under the current LoRaWAN join protocol. However, as the number of end-devices grows exponentially, network server verification messages will grow linearly with the number of end-devices. This paper proposes an authentication system for multiple end-devices that complies with the LoRa Alliance’s specifications and decreases the joining latency imposed by the network server verifying messages. The proposed authentication system is formally secure against the server and end-device impersonation. In addition, we assess the authentication overhead and compare it to the standard approach.
Who Gives Back? Evidence from India on Successful Entrepreneurial Exit and Involvement in Philanthropy

Although successful commercial entrepreneurship has beneficial consequences for the economy, it is unclear whether it is unequivocally good for broader society. We shed light on this macro issue by delving into a specific micropathway linking commercial entrepreneurship with positive spillover effects for broader society. We ask which commercial entrepreneurs who have experienced economic success through a financial exit event from their for-profit venture engage in philanthropy—defined as systematically stimulating, supporting, and shaping social change efforts—after exit. Utilizing the status characteristics framework, we conceptualize how hierarchical positions on ascribed social status characteristics (caste and gender in our setting) and achieved social status characteristics (eliteness of Indian tertiary educational attainment and overseas tertiary educational attainment in our setting) regulate successful commercial entrepreneurs’ subsequent involvement in philanthropy. We argue that successful commercial entrepreneurs from disadvantaged ascribed-status groups or privileged achieved-status groups are more likely to transition to philanthropic activities because they more keenly perceive the need for societal change and are also more motivated to take action. Quantitative analyses on a sample of 673 Indian entrepreneurs who experienced a successful financial exit from their for-profit venture during 2003–2013, supplemented by qualitative interviews, support our theorizing. We advance management research by highlighting founder transitions from successful commercial entrepreneurship to philanthropy as a hitherto understudied mechanism driving positive social change. We thus open up new research avenues around the less-studied exit stage of entrepreneurship that allows for the integration of currently unconnected literatures around corporate philanthropy, elites, entrepreneurship, and social impact.
Chemotherapy in Lung Cancer With Hepatic and Renal Impairment

Chemotherapy is one of the therapeutic modalities for lung cancer. Chemotherapy with anticancer drugs has a narrow therapeutic index and pharmacokinetic variability between individuals. The administration of anticancer drugs should consider many factors that may affect the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as hepatic and renal function. In lung cancer patients who have hepatic and renal impairment, an adjusted dose of anticancer drug is needed to achieve levels of drug exposure similar to patients who have normal organ function and avoid toxicity. Renal function is calculated by the glomerular filtration rate or creatinine clearance. Assessment of hepatic function can be taken from Child Pugh's score or from bilirubin and aminotransferase enzyme data in patients. In addition, hepatitis screening is also required. The results of the assessment will determine the adjustment dose recommendation for anticancer drugs.
Free Cholesterol Accelerates Aβ Self-Assembly on Membranes at Physiological Concentration

The effects of membranes on the early-stage aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) have come to light as potential mechanisms by which neurotoxic species are formed in Alzheimer’s disease. We have shown that direct Aβ-membrane interactions dramatically enhance the Aβ aggregation, allowing for oligomer assembly at physiologically low concentrations of the monomer. Membrane composition is also a crucial factor in this process. Our results showed that apart from phospholipids composition, cholesterol in membranes significantly enhances the aggregation kinetics. It has been reported that free cholesterol is present in plaques. Here we report that free cholesterol, along with its presence inside the membrane, further accelerate the aggregation process by producing aggregates more rapidly and of significantly larger sizes. These aggregates, which are formed on the lipid bilayer, are able to dissociate from the surface and accumulate in the bulk solution; the presence of free cholesterol accelerates this dissociation as well. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations show that cholesterol binds Aβ monomers and significantly changes the conformational sampling of Aβ monomer; more than doubling the fraction of low-energy conformations compared to those in the absence of cholesterol, which can contribute to the aggregation process. The results indicate that Aβ-lipid interaction is an important factor in the disease prone amyloid assembly process.
Choosing Influential Dimension of Mindfulness of Auditors' Professional Judgments Based on Social Pressure: An Analysis Based on Rough Theory

The growth and complexity of society justify the need for relevant economic information, information systems, and information-generating processes, and the need for auditing as part of the information reporting process increases. This has affected the professional functions of auditors. The purpose of this research is to choose the influential dimension of mindfulness of auditors' professional judgments based on social pressure analysis based on Rough Theory. The methodology of this research is mixed and it has been used by Meta-synthesis, Delphi and Rough Theory. The target population was the qualitative, similar research and academic experts in the field of accounting. However, the target population in a small number of 19 audit partners had 136 Iranian Journal of Finance, 2022, Vol. 6, No. 2 (Soleymani, S. M.) more than 5 years of work experience, which is acceptable from the statistical population due to the requirement of Ruff theory analysis. In this study, based on the Meta-synthesis analysis of selected researches, 4 propositions of pressures based on social compliance and 3 components of auditors' professional judgment were determined. The results in this section show that the most effective proposition of social compliance pressures was the market pressure proposition, which affects the inferential consciousness of auditors in their professional judgment and violates the auditors' mental functions such as skepticism and objectivity.
New Halogen-Containing Drugs Approved by FDA in 2021: An Overview on Their Syntheses and Pharmaceutical Use

This review describes the recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs (in the year 2021) containing at least one halogen atom (covalently bound). The structures proposed throughout this work are grouped according to their therapeutical use. Their synthesis is presented as well. The number of halogenated molecules that are reaching the market is regularly preserved, and 14 of the 50 molecules approved by the FDA in the last year contain halogens. This underlines the emergent role of halogens and, in particular, of fluorine and chlorine in the preparation of drugs for the treatment of several diseases such as viral infections, several types of cancer, cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, migraine and inflammatory diseases such as vasculitis.
Active push model of manufacturing process knowledge in CAD platform based on immune process

To realize the active push of manufacturing process knowledge for manufacturability design of aviation products,an active push model of process knowledge was constructed in CAD platform based on the similarity of knowledge active push and immune process.The characteristics,functions and realization of each sub-module were described.The antigen recognition,concentration and affinity in traditional immune algorithm were redefined.KMIRA algorithm was designed for realizing the autonomous matching between process knowledge and need.The active push model was applied in the manufacturability design of an aerospace product,and the feasibility and effectiveness of KM-IRA algorithm were validated.
Reduced Kidney Function Is Associated with Increasing Red Blood Cell Folate Concentration and Changes in Folate Form Distributions (NHANES 2011–2018)

Background: Current studies examining the effects of high concentrations of red blood cell (RBC) or serum folates assume that high folate concentrations are an indicator of high folic acid intakes, often ignoring the contributions of other homeostatic and biological processes, such as kidney function. Objective: The current study examined the relative contributions of declining kidney function, as measured by the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and usual total folic acid intake on the concentrations of RBC folate and serum folate (total as well as individual folate forms). Design: Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected in 2-year cycles were combined from 2011 to 2018. A total of 18,127 participants aged ≥16 years with available folate measures, kidney biomarker data (operationalized as a categorical CKD risk variable describing the risk of progression), and reliable dietary recall data were analyzed. Results: RBC folate concentrations increased as CKD risk increased: low risk, 1089 (95% CI: 1069, 1110) nmol/L; moderate risk, 1189 (95% CI: 1158, 1220) nmol/L; high risk, 1488 (95% CI: 1419, 1561) nmol/L; and highest risk, 1443 (95% CI: 1302, 1598) nmol/L (p < 0.0001). Similarly, serum total folate concentrations increased as CKD risk increased: low risk: 37.1 (95% CI: 26.3, 38.0) nmol/L; moderate risk: 40.2 (95% CI: 38.8, 41.7) nmol/L; high risk: 48.0 (95% CI: 44.3, 52.1) nmol/L; the highest Risk: 42.8 (95% CI: 37.8, 48.4) nmol/L (p < 0.0001). The modeled usual intake of folic acid showed no difference among CKD risk groups, with a population median of 225 (interquartile range: 108–390) µg/day. Conclusion: Both RBC and serum folate concentrations increased with declining kidney function without increased folic acid intake. When analyzing associations between folate concentrations and disease outcomes, researchers may want to consider the confounding role of kidney function.
Yin-yang : A dialectical approach to total quality management

This paper departs from the consideration of paradox as an organizational phenomenon, supporting the thesis that traditional management (thesis) should meet modern management (antithesis), in order to build a synthesis and not to settle for a solution of compromise. The application of a dialectical perspective to quality management leads to five principles: (1) less inspection in order to promote product quality; (2) control to promote autonomy; (3) authoritative leadership to promote participation; (4) doubt to promote trust; and (5) routine planning to promote creativity. These principles are discussed, leading to the conclusion that the dialectical synthesis resulting from the confrontation between traditional and critical versions of quality management promotes a refreshing view of quality.
Post‐fire behavior of steel slag fine aggregate concrete

Using steel slag fine aggregate (SSFA) to replace river sand (RS) in making concrete offers a sustainable solution for mitigating the environmental issues owing to the large‐scale mining of RS and disposal of a large amount of steel slag. The mechanical behavior and chemical property of concrete made with SSFA at ambient temperature were investigated extensively. However, relatively few studies have been conducted to investigate the behavior of concrete with SSFA after exposure to elevated temperatures. To fill up this research gap, this paper studied the post‐fire behavior of five concrete mixes with SSFA replacing RS. The effect of SSFA replacement ratio by volume (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) on the heating temperature—time curve, color and appearance changes, weight loss, failure mode, and residual compressive strength of concrete under curing period of 28‐ and 91‐day, after exposure to 25 (ambient temperature), 400, 600, 800, and 1000°C was investigated. Besides, chemical composition at ambient and after exposure to elevated temperatures was analyzed with the aid of X‐ray diffraction. Test results showed that with SSFA partially or totally replacing RS, the heat insulation capability of concrete could be enhanced, especially at the replacement ratio of 75%. Moreover, concrete with RS replaced with SSFA presented larger or comparable residual strength after exposure to elevated temperatures from 600–800°C. Lastly, the design model by EC2 was adopted to predict the residual strength of concrete with and without SSFA. Comparing the design and measured residual strengths, it was concluded that EC2 was conservative.
Teaching sport concepts and skills: A tactical approach for ages 7-18 [Book Review]

Review(s) of: Teaching sport concepts and skills: A tactical approach for ages 7-18, by Stephen Mitchell, Judith Oslin, Linda Griffin, http://www.humankinetics. com/products/all-products/teaching-sport-concepts-and-skills-3rd-edition Book and DVD 2013, ISBN-13: 9781450411226, $97.10.
High-speed multi-beam nanostructuring techniques at HiLASE with up to 40401 beams and 1910 cm2/min

Suitable topography of structured surfaces may allow attaining innovative surface properties including friction reduction, superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, anti-icing and many more. Despite a list of attractive applications of functional surfaces and demonstrated capability of lasers to produce them, the speed of laser micro and nanostructuring is still low with respect to many industry standards. In this work, we introduce a unique combination of high-energy pulsed ultrashort laser system HiLASE PERLA with up-to-date most promising multi-beam micro and nanostructuring technologies able to produce for example more than 40,000 beamlets with productivity over 1900 cm2/min.
Genetic Predisposition to Schizophrenia and Depressive Disorder Comorbidity

Background: Patients with schizophrenia have an increased risk of depressive disorders compared to the general population. The comorbidity between schizophrenia and depression suggests a potential coincidence of the pathophysiology and/or genetic predictors of these mental disorders. The aim of this study was to review the potential genetic predictors of schizophrenia and depression comorbidity. Materials and Methods: We carried out research and analysis of publications in the databases PubMed, Springer, Wiley Online Library, Taylor & Francis Online, Science Direct, and eLIBRARY.RU using keywords and their combinations. The search depth was the last 10 years (2010–2020). Full-text original articles, reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical observations were analyzed. A total of 459 articles were found, of which 45 articles corresponding to the purpose of this study were analyzed in this topic review. Results: Overlap in the symptoms and genetic predictors between these disorders suggests that a common etiological mechanism may underlie the presentation of comorbid depression in schizophrenia. The molecular mechanisms linking schizophrenia and depression are polygenic. The most studied candidate genes are GRIN1, GPM6A, SEPTIN4, TPH1, TPH2, CACNA1C, CACNB2, and BCL9. Conclusion: Planning and conducting genome-wide and associative genetic studies of the comorbid conditions under consideration in psychiatry is important for the development of biological and clinical predictors and a personalized therapy strategy for schizophrenia. However, it should be recognized that the problems of predictive and personalized psychiatry in the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia and comorbid disorders are far from being resolved.
The plural uses of pedagogical documentation in Pedagogy-in-Participation

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the plural uses of pedagogical documentation, particularly the uses in the development of processes of Context-Based Participatory Professional Development for continuous professional development. It sits in the realm of participatory pedagogies, specifically the Pedagogy-in-Participation approach (Oliveira-Formosinho and Formosinho 2016). It is based on qualitative research (Denzin and Lincoln, 2005) developed through a case study (Stake 1995) of praxeological nature (Formosinho and Oliveira-Formosinho, 2012; Pascal and Bertram, 2012; Bradbury, 2015). The study gives evidence of the power of pedagogical documentation to foster pedagogical transformation that generates a rights-based praxis in early childhood education environments. This paper intends to be a contribution to the reflection on participatory professional development praxis and policies as a service for the reconstruction of daily praxis and continuous professional development modes and as such to create relational and collaborative learning environments with educators, children, and families.