Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Opercular Deformities in Age-0 Native Catostomids in the San Juan River from 1998 to 2012

opercular deformity Razorback later of the possible lethal nature of this deformity, the SJRBRIP requested a study on the temporal and spatial extent of opercular deformities in larval and juvenile Razorback Sucker in the San Juan River. This study determined the frequency of occurrence and relative severity of opercular deformities in age-0 Bluehead Sucker, Flannelmouth Sucker, and Razorback Sucker collected in the San Juan River from 1998 to 2012. Data were analyzed to determine the occurrence of opercular deformities for the three native catostomids, determine the severity of deformities by developmental stage (larval and juvenile), and describe the side of the fish affected by deformities. An information theoretic approach was used to rank models of variables potentially affecting the occurrence of opercular deformities, and the estimated probability of occurrence of deformities for all three species by year was determined. Study objectives were derived from Task 4.1. 6.2 in the San Juan River Long Range Plan.
EMPLOYMENT OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECTOR - A REVIEW

1. Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India on Deputation from the Department of Crop and Soil Science, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana. 2. Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 15 April 2020 Final Accepted: 18 May 2020 Published: June 2020
Mental Health and Psychosocial Implications on the Medical Workers during the Pandemic COVID-19 Outbreak in Pakistan: An Empirical Review

The current study provides an overview of the COVID-19 implications on the health workers by means of their mental health and psychosocial aspects. It develops the sense of fear and susceptibility of the health workers for coping the strategies and medical targets and such perceived stress remained so fatal and harmful to the workers psyche to meet the job satisfaction under the prevailing situation due to the outbreak of the pandemic COVID-19. The prevention measures failed and became a futile attempt to seize the atmosphere of stressfulness for the frontline workers to combat the COVID-19 and it returned in the form of fear, anxiety and emotional dilemmas of isolation and loneliness. This study assists to investigate perception of the medical workers by empirical means either they face psychosocial worriness and mentally stress relating to their service during the COVID-19 outbreak in Pakistan. For the data collection, an online survey was conducted from 30 April to 20 May in which 392 questionnaires were distributed among Pakistani doctors and paramedical staff and the response rate remained 256 (65.3%) to discover their concern on the rising dilemma of the COVID-19. For the empirical analysis, proposed variables were adopted to carry out the study in order to find out the intentional level of the health workers regarding their mental distress and psychosocial problems. For the data collection, respondents were participated from the Sindh province of Pakistan in which data was analyzed through SPSS version 24 as it applied the regressions and Pearson‘s correlation to test the hypothesis that resulted to reveal all factors to sustain the significant positive relationship with dependent construct.
Pressure-Predicting Model for Ultralow-Permeability Reservoirs considering the Water Absorption Characteristics of Mudstone Formations

The injection-production ratio of ultralow-permeability reservoirs is generally higher in the early stage of development because of the water absorption characteristics of transition layers and mudstone formations. In this paper, the water absorption characteristics of mudstone are experimentally studied, and the empirical function of the water absorption process is established. A new mathematical model of the whole lithology is established by applying the research results of mudstone water absorption characteristics. Combining the material balance method and finite difference method, the space terms in the basic differential equation are replaced by the material balance equation, and the finite difference in the time term is obtained. Then, the analytical solutions of the average pressures of the reservoir oil well area, reservoir water well area, transition layers, and mudstone formations are solved. Based on the static parameters of the reservoir in the Chaoyang Gou Oilfield of the ultralow-permeability reservoir in China, the new pressure prediction model is verified by the ideal model of numerical simulation and production data of the oil field. The experimental results show that the saturation water absorption rate of mudstone is 1.54-2.55%, and the water absorption process of mudstone cannot be described by the seepage equation of sandstone. The verification results of the numerical simulation show that the pressure of the transition layers and mudstone at the end of the water well gradually increases, while the pressure at the end of the oil well basically remains unchanged, which is consistent with the assumptions of the model. The verification results of the oilfield production data show that the water well static pressure and oil well static pressure calculated by the new model are highly consistent with the actual values, which well explains the phenomenon of the low reservoir pressure level under the condition of a high injection production ratio in an ultralow-permeability reservoir.
Ultrasound by midwives in the postpartum period: feasibility, reproducibility and midwives' perspectives

Objective: To describe feasibility, reproducibility, and acceptability of introducing ultrasound by midwives as a routine in postpartum care. Materials and Methods: A quantitative, monocentric cross-sectional study used questionnaires to evaluate the viewpoint of the midwife and the mother; repeat transabdominal ultrasound measurements were made of uterine length, width, height, and endometrial thickness by midwives, junior gynaecology trainees, and experienced gynaecologic ultrasonographers, 24 to 48 hours after delivery; Bland-Altman plotting assessed interand intra-observer variability. Results: Fifty-five percent of midwives considered implementation of ultrasound in postpartum care as feasible; time restrictions were seen as an obstacle by 60%, and 97% considered themselves after training as capable to perform postpartum ultrasound autonomously. Almost all mothers valued the ultrasound as non-disturbing and interesting. Inter-observer variability demonstrated a fixed bias between midwives and gynaecologists for total uterine length but not for other measurements. Intra-observer variability decreased with experience but was generally low and there was no fixed bias. Conclusion: Midwives saw postpartum ultrasound as feasible in daily practice, reproducibility was acceptable, and the mothers’ experience was positive. More study is needed to evaluate the eventual clinical value of routine postpartum ultrasound.
A Sparse Spike Deconvolution Algorithm Based on a Recurrent Neural Network and the Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm

Conventional sparse spike deconvolution algorithms that are based on the iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (ISTA) are widely used. The aim of this type of algorithm is to obtain accurate seismic wavelets. When this is not fulfilled, the processing stops being optimum. Using a recurrent neural network (RNN) as deep learning method and applying backpropagation to ISTA, we have developed an RNN-like ISTA as an alternative sparse spike deconvolution algorithm. The algorithm is tested with both synthetic and real seismic data. The algorithm first builds a training dataset from existing well-logs seismic data and then extracts wavelets from those seismic data for further processing. Based on the extracted wavelets, the new method uses ISTA to calculate the reflection coefficients. Next, inspired by the backpropagation through time (BPTT) algorithm, backward error correction is performed on the wavelets while using the errors between the calculated reflection coefficients and the reflection coefficients corresponding to the training dataset. Finally, after performing backward correction over multiple iterations, a set of acceptable seismic wavelets is obtained, which is then used to deduce the sequence of reflection coefficients of the real data. The new algorithm improves the accuracy of the deconvolution results by reducing the effect of wrong seismic wavelets that are given by conventional ISTA. In this study, we account for the mechanism and the derivation of the proposed algorithm, and verify its effectiveness through experimentation using theoretical and real data.
Social Farming: Heterogeneity in Social and Agricultural Relationships

Social farming (SF) has emerged as a social innovation practice shaping heterogeneous approaches and results. This study discusses the complexity of SF policy and practices, and it is led by the main hypothesis that the relationship between agricultural and social dimensions might be very heterogeneous, not only in different national contexts but also within the same national and local level. SF policy and practices are investigated testing the hypothesis of three main different modalities of interaction according to how the social and the agricultural perspectives interact. In the first, social target is not involved in the production system of the farm and the farm is the context where actions and measures of a social nature take place. In the second type of interaction, the farm employs the beneficiaries in some of its production activities collaborating with the social services. The third is where the farm organizes its activities to actively employ targeted people to enhance their social inclusion and integration in the community. Italian SF policy and practices are analyzed as case study, through the lens of sociological critical discourse analysis regarding the regional regulatory documents, and interviews for local case studies. The results of the study show that SF policy and practices might be very heterogeneous also within the same national and local level, outlining different hybridization of social and agriculture actions that can be properly analyzed through the three SF model proposal. This study contributes to the broader debate on the various dimensions of sustainability, suggesting the need for further research on the efficiency of SF as local development model sustainable in economic, social and environmental terms.
Forest information at multiple scales: development, evaluation and application of the Norwegian forest resources map SR16

ABSTRACT This paper describes the development and utility of the Norwegian forest resources map (SR16). SR16 is developed using photogrammetric point cloud data with ground plots from the Norwegian National Forest Inventory (NFI). First, an existing forest mask was updated with object-based image analysis methods. Evaluation against the NFI forest definitions showed Cohen's kappa of 0.80 and accuracy of 0.91 in the lowlands and a kappa of 0.73 and an accuracy of 0.96 in the mountains. Within the updated forest mask, a 16×16 m raster map was developed with Lorey's height, volume, biomass, and tree species as attributes (SR16-raster). All attributes were predicted with generalized linear models that explained about 70% of the observed variation and had relative RMSEs of about 50%. SR16-raster was segmented into stand-like polygons that are relatively homogenous in respect to tree species, volume, site index, and Lorey's height (SR16-vector). When SR16 was utilized in a combination with the NFI plots and a model-assisted estimator, the precision was on average 2–3 times higher than estimates based on field data only. In conclusion, SR16 is useful for improved estimates from the Norwegian NFI at various scales. The mapped products may be useful as additional information in Forest Management Inventories.
Encoding Text Information with Graph Convolutional Networks for Personality Recognition

Personality recognition is a classic and important problem in social engineering. Due to the small number and particularity of personality recognition databases, only limited research has explored convolutional neural networks for this task. In this paper, we explore the use of graph convolutional network techniques for inferring a user’s personality traits from their Facebook status updates or essay information. Since the basic five personality traits (such as openness) and their aspects (such as status information) are related to a wide range of text features, this work takes the Big Five personality model as the core of the study. We construct a single user personality graph for the corpus based on user-document relations, document-word relations, and word co-occurrence and then learn the personality graph convolutional networks (personality GCN) for the user. The parameters or the inputs of our personality GCN are initialized with a one-hot representation for users, words and documents; then, under the supervision of users and documents with known class labels, it jointly learns the embeddings for users, words, and documents. We used feature information sharing to incorporate the correlation between the five personality traits into personality recognition to perfect the personality GCN. Our experimental results on two public and authoritative benchmark datasets show that the general personality GCN without any external word embeddings or knowledge is superior to the state-of-the-art methods for personality recognition. The personality GCN method is efficient on small datasets, and the average F1-score and accuracy of personality recognition are improved by up to approximately 3.6% and 2.4–2.57%, respectively.
Studies of Basic Electronic Properties of CdTe-Based Solar Cells and Their Evolution During Processing and Stress; Annual Technical Report, 1 November 2005 - 31 October 2006

We describe the results of our continuing study of deep electronic states controlling open-circuit voltage in CdTe/CdS thin-film solar cells (Task 1). The study includes: (1) analysis of factors affecting trap signatures derived from admittance spectroscopy and capacitance transients measurements, such as activation-energy capture cross-sections and trap-density estimates, and (2) comparative studies of cells received from four different sources and prepared with significant variations in cell structure and processing procedures.
How Effectively are University Students Tested? A Case Study

Testing and examining go on in higher education all the time through continuous assessments and end semester examinations. The grades scored by students determine not only academic mobility but eventually who get employed in the job market, which seems to be shrinking all over the world. Those charged with testing are often staff who have higher qualifications in their subject areas but are not necessarily teaching or examination experts. Against this background, the researcher wanted to find out what was happening at selected university across three schools: Social Studies, Education and Science. The university is fairly young having been awarded its charter twenty years ago. The paper asked two questions namely, at what levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy are lecturers asking examination questions? Secondly, do the level and balance of questions show growth in examining skills? The study evaluated over 1039 questions from randomly selected examination papers from the Examinations Office for the academic years from 2014/15 to 2017/18 (three academic years). A guide from the list of verbs used in Anderson s (revision of Bloom was used to analyze the questions. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the trends in testing for each year. ANOVA and t-tests were used to find out if there were significant differences between numbers across categories and within categories. The results of the study show that most examination questions are at the levels of remember (literal) and knowledge (understand). In 2016/17 and 2017/18 academic years, there were significant differences in the percentage of questions examined in these two categories. However, it seems from the study, that testing or examining skills do not grow through the practice of setting questions. There is need for examiners to be trained to use the knowledge in setting questions that discriminate effectively across the academic abilities of students they teach.
A comparative analysis of saponin-enriched fraction from Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, Sapindus mukorossi (Gaertn) and Chlorophytum borivilianum (Santapau and Fernandes): an in vitro hemolytic and cytotoxicity evaluation

Abstract To explore the newer saponin resources, in vitro toxicity of saponin-enriched fraction (SEF) extracted from Silene vulgaris(SV) was evaluated for first time and compared with in vitro toxicity of SEF extracted from Sapindus mukorossi (SM) and Chlorophytum borivilianum (CV). All extracted SEF from diverse resources were characterized by immersing TLC plates in 0.5% RBC suspension method, by ethanol: sulfuric acid method and by estimating hRst values. Each extracted SEF clearly portrayed specific pattern with varied hRst range. White spots against a pinkish-red background and greenish-black spots in case of immersion method and spraying method respectively were observed. After initial characterization, in vitro 0.5% sheep RBC lytic activities and VERO cell cytotoxic activities (via SRB assay) of each extracted SEF were also evaluated. Furthermore, SEF of SV showed very less hemolytic activity compared to SM and CB. The HD50 values for SV, SM, and CB were 736.7 ± 2.824, 18.0 ± 1.894, and 170.70 ± 2.783 µg/mL, respectively. SEF of SV (IC50 ≥ 200 µg/mL) was less toxic for VERO cell line than SEF of SM (IC50 = 150.8 µg/mL) and CB (IC50 = 137.1 µg/mL). Hence, the SEF of SV was found to be less toxic and can be used as a new and safer source of saponins. Graphical Abstract
Exploring the Context, Roles and Experiences of Mothers in Caring for their Inpatient Sick Newborns in Nairobi, Kenya: An Ethnographic Approach

Little progress has been made in reducing deaths among newborns. Newborn morbidity and mortality can be prevented through the timely provision of combined health systems interventions and access to high-quality inpatient and supportive care. Additionally, recent evidence has demonstrated the importance of social factors to the survival of sick newborns. The involvement of parents through family centred care, as well as maternally delivered interventions, have been shown to have positive outcomes for mother and baby, but in debates around the quality of care for newborns the voices of mothers, particularly in low and middle-income countries, are rarely heard. Using an ethnographic approach, this study critically examines the roles and experiences of mothers of hospitalized sick newborns in two newborn units in Nairobi, Kenya. Data collection involved non-participant observations, discharge in-depth interviews and narrative interviews with mothers 2-6 weeks post-discharge. Data were collected over 3 years and analysed iteratively using a grounded approach. The study revealed striking differences in the structural, cultural and socio-economic context of the two newborn units and their clientele. In both hospitals, the mothers played a role in providing care for their babies but with marked differences in the timing of onset, preparation and supervision of these roles. Despite these differences, the mothers narrated similar experiences of shock, fear and confusion in coping with their sick newborn, exacerbated by inadequate communication and information sharing between staff and mothers and a lack of psychosocial support. The inequities in care observed in the Nairobi newborn units are barely visible in the mothers’ own stories, instead they narrate a shared experience of their encounters with a biomedical model of care delivery. Advocacy for structural changes to reduce inequities in neonatal care are necessary. However, focusing on technological improvements risks further embedding a biomedical paradigm that ignores the needs of mothers.
Transposable elements are constantly exchanged by horizontal transfer reshaping mosquito genomes

Transposable elements (TEs) are a set of mobile elements within a genome. Due to their complexity, an in-depth TE characterization is only available for a handful of model organisms. In the present study, we performed a de novo and homology-based characterization of TEs in the genomes of mosquito species and investigated their mode of inheritance. More than 40% of the genome of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus is composed of TEs, varying substantially among Anopheles species (0.13%–19.55%). Class I TEs are the most abundant among mosquitoes and at least 24 TE superfamilies were found. Interestingly, TEs have been continuously exchanged by horizontal transfer (212 TE families of 18 different superfamilies) among mosquitoes since 30 million years ago, representing around 6% of the genome in Aedes genomes and a small fraction in Anopheles genomes. Most of these horizontally transferred TEs are from the three ubiquitous LTR superfamilies: Gypsy, Bel-Pao and Copia. Searching more 32,000 genomes, we also uncover transfers between mosquitoes and two different Phyla— Cnidaria and Nematoda—and two subphyla—Chelicerata and Crustacea, identifying a vector, the worm Wuchereria bancrofti, that enabled the horizontal spread of a Tc1-mariner element of irritans subfamily among various Anopheles species. These data also allowed us to reconstruct the horizontal transfer network of this TE involving more than 40 species. In summary, our results suggest that TEs are constantly exchanged by common phenomena of horizontal transfers among mosquitoes, influencing genome variation and contributing to genome size expansion.
Franchisees with multiple stakeholder roles: perceptions and conflict in franchise networks

ABSTRACT Although the causes of conflict in networks and interorganizational relationships have long been investigated, scholars have overlooked the importance of stakeholders with multiple roles in eliciting managerial (mis)perceptions and potential for conflict. We find that franchisees take on multiple stakeholder roles, as customers, employees, investors, and business partners. Drawing from agency and stakeholder theories, we empirically demonstrate that the franchisor’s perception of franchisees’ multiple stakeholder roles affects managerial support and conflict outcomes in franchisor-franchisee relationships. The primary data support our claims that when franchisees are viewed as investors and business partners, franchisors increase the level of support offered and franchise systems experience less conflict.
Statistical Approaches for Treatments over Time (Repeated Observations) in Nile Tilapia

This study aims to model and analyze repeated observations in some biological sciences. Repeated measure ANOVA is used to assess the effects of some treatments over time. Data obtained from an experimental study examining the effect of some immunostimulants in Nile tilapia fish which measured repeatedly over time. The analysis is applied by using the software SPSS Version 20 on the data collected at two time points 14th day and 28th day so the correct test was two way repeated measure design. The assumptions of the test were achieved where Huynh-Feldt and Greenhouse-Geisser measures were not significant (P-value > 0.05). The P value for time, treatments and the interaction of them was 0.000**, so they have a highly significance on the (outcome variable) lysozymes activity of Nile tilapia. Bonferroni correction is used as a post hoc test and its result showed a difference between the groups for each parameter. These results of univariate analysis agreed with the multivariate analysis results.