Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solution-Processed Zinc Tin Oxide Semiconductor for Thin-Film Transistors

A zinc tin oxide (ZTO) semiconductor layer for thin-film transistor was fabricated using solution-processable sol−gel material. To obtain semiconductor characteristics, ZTO gels should be annealed such that salts and organic components in the ZTO layer undergo complete decomposition. The thermal behavior of ZTO precursor materials was investigated, and the electrical performances of solution-processed transistors were analyzed as a function of the annealing temperature of the ZTO semiconductor layer. We also studied the electrical performance of transistors as a function of the Sn content of the ZTO layer, in order to understand its influence on the device characteristics of solution-processed transistors.
Ruthenium Nanocatalysts for Ammonia Synthesis: A Review

Despite technological developments within the past century, ammonia synthesis from nitrogen and hydrogen is still highly energy intensive due to high-pressure operation. Even with recently introduced Ru-based catalysts with superior performance over conventional iron-based catalysts, there is still room for improvements to approach the theoretical minimum energy consumption. A novel approach is to use nanostructured components in catalyst formulation. Reducing Ru crystallite size to nanometers could greatly increase catalytic activity by increasing surface area as well as by the structure sensitivity of ammonia synthesis over Ru-based catalysts due to the increase of the density of highly active B5 sites. The control of Ru particle size and shape in the nanometer range and stabilization of the particles by appropriate innovative preparation techniques are key factors for development of commercial Ru nanocatalysts. Theoretical and experimental studies on actives sites and metal-promoter and metal-support interactions by advanced computational and characterization methods are also essential.
Growth Performance of the Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii Post-Larvae Fed with Probiotic Bacterium, Enterococcus hirae Enriched Artemia franciscana Nauplii

: This study was aimed to investigate whether the bacterium Enterococcus hirae can be used as a probiotic for promoting the growth of the prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii post-larvae (PL). Artemia franciscana nauplii were enriched with E. hirae at five different serially diluted concentrations (10 -1 , 10 -3 , 10 -5 , 10 -7 and 10 -9 ). A 45 day feeding trial revealed that the survival, growth, concentrations of total protein, amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid, and activities of protease, amylase and lipase were significantly (P<0.05) increased in experimental PL, particularly at 1764×10 -7 , CFU. Further, the consortium of the gut microflora of un-enriched Artemia nauplii fed PL showed the presence of Escherichia coli , Klebsiella sp. , Citrobacter sp. , Acinetobacter sp. , Streptococcus sp. , Bacillus sp. , Staphylococcus sp. and Pseduomonas sp. In E. hirae enriched Artemia nauplii fed PL showed the presence of Enterococcus sp. , E. coli , Lactobacillus sp . , Acinetobacter sp. and Staphylococcus sp. It was found that the pathogenic bacteria Klebsiella sp. , Citrobacter sp. , Streptococcus sp. and Pseduomonas sp. were competitively excluded by the colony establishment of Enterococcus sp. in experimental PL. Therefore, E. hirae can be used as a probiotic for promoting the sustainable culture of M. rosenbergii.
Structural Characterization of Nylon 6/EvOH System Through Transport Properties

In this paper, the effect of the inclusion of ethylene/vinyl alcohol (EvOH) copolymer in nylon 6 is analyzed with particular attention to the transport properties. Water vapor and dichloromethane transport measurements were performed to provide useful information about polymer-polymer interaction and segmental mobility. Sorption and diffusion tests were carried out at 25°C at several activities to determine both sorption isotherm and diffusivities. Moreover, permeability tests to gases (CO2, O2) were carried out at 30°C. The obtained results indicate the existence of strong hydrogen-bonded interactions of the two polar groups (amidic of nylon 6 and hydroxyl of EvOH) within the amorphous phase. This interaction strongly influences the transport properties of the nylon 6 amorphous component.
Kinetics of ion-exchange

The rates of exchange of a binary ion-exchange system have been computed by a method described in part 1 1 using an inter-diffusion coefficient DAB which contains an activity correction term of a different form from that used in part 1. This correction term is of a Kielland type and various positive and negative values for the Kielland coefficient have been investigated. Using radioactive tracers the rates of self-diffusion and ion-exchange of the Na+/K++ chabazite system have been measured by a new continuous flow technique. This exchange was believed to be of a Kielland type and the experimental rates were compared with the above theoretical rates. The non-ideality of this system is discussed in the light of these comparisons. The self-diffusion coefficient of Ca2+ in Ca-chabazite has been measured by an area-independent method, using radioactive calcium tracer, and used to reduce the uncertainty of the results of the continuous flow measurements due to their area dependence.
Injection statistics simulator for dynamic analysis of noise in mesoscopic devices

We present a model for electron injection from thermal reservoirs, which is applied to particle simulations of one-dimensional mesoscopic conductors. The statistics of injected carriers is correctly described from non-degenerate to completely degenerate conditions. The model is validated by comparing Monte Carlo simulations with existing analytical results for the case of ballistic conductors. An excellent agreement is found for the average and noise characteristics, in particular, the fundamental unities of electrical and thermal conductances are exactly reproduced.
Pervaporation Membranes That Are Highly Selective for Acetic Acid over Water

Supported liquid membrane pervaporation (SLMPV) is a pervaporation process for separating volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from their dilute aqueous solution. It simultaneously integrates extraction of the VOCs from the aqueous solution with flash distillation of the VOCs from the organic phase. By using a liquid membrane consisting of reactive extractants, pervaporation of primarily acetic acid from its aqueous solutions was studied. Limited studies of butyric acid were also done. Among various extractants tested, trioctylamine (TOA) and tridodecylamine demonstrated better performances. The SLM is permselective for acetic acid and butyric acid. The acetic acid selectivity can be as high as 33 for a feed of 1 M at 60°C, an order of magnitude higher than that obtained by any solid polymeric membrane reported in the literature. The simple SLM system demonstrated long-term stability; for example, decreases of about 30% in both pervaporation flux and selectivity were observed over an operational period of 50.
One Micrometer Length Scale Controls Kinetic Stability of Low-Energy Glasses

Alternating current (AC) nanocalorimetry was used to measure the reversing heat capacity Cp of low-energy indomethacin glasses as they isothermally transform into the supercooled liquid. As the film thickness increases from 75 to 600 nm, the transformation time increases by more than an order of magnitude, consistent with a surface-initiated transformation mechanism. Eventually, the transformation time becomes constant for films between 1.4 and 30 μm, indicating a distinct bulk transformation pathway. The observation of size-dependent transformation kinetics for glass samples approaching 1 μm is unprecedented. We interpret the crossover in thickness dependence at 1 μm to signify the average distance between transformation initiation sites in the bulk low-energy glass.
High Temperature-High Pressure Structural Studies of Cerium

Energy dispersive X-ray-diffraction with the large volume press MAX 80 at HASYLAB/DESY is used in the present study for the determination of the p - V - T -relations around the critical point of the f - n -phase transition in Cerium. Furthermore the f - l -phase boundary is studied experimentally to remove the last question marks from the phase diagram of Cerium in the accessible region of pressure and temperature.
Potassium retention in montmorillonites

Abstract The amounts of potassium retained, after exchange with normal ammonium acetate solution at pH 7, were measured with six montmorillonite-beidellite minerals, whose interlayer charge ranged 0·72-1·00 M+/Si8O22 and where tetrahedral substitution of Al for Si ranged 0·14-0·93 M+/Si8O22. The amount of potassium retained increased with increasing interlayer charge, but there was no correlation between the amount of potassium retained and the tetrahedral charge.
Chemical Stability and Its Improvement of Palladium-Based Metallic Membranes

The chemical instability of palladium-based metal membranes is the major hurdle for their commercial applications in gas separation and membrane reactor processes. When the metal membranes are exposed to a gas stream consisting of sulfur- or carbon-containing gases or even just steam, a drop in permeability or selectivity may occur depending on the composition of the metal membrane, and the extent of the decrease depends on the temperature and partial pressure. This paper provides a comprehensive review and in-depth analysis of the poisoning effects and mechanisms of sulfur- or carbon-containing compounds and H2O on Pd-based metal membranes. The paper also summarizes several methods reported in the literature for improving the chemical stability of Pd-based metal membranes with an analysis on the underlining principles for chemical stability improvement. These methods include alloying Pd with other metals (such as Cu, Ni, Fe, Pt, and Ag) preferably in the body-centered-cubic crystal structure, preparing n.
Trapping and junction-related perturbations of the effective excess carrier lifetime

Quasi-steady-state measurements of the photoconductance versus the illumination intensity are used to determine the effective excess carrier lifetime /spl tau//sub eff/(/spl Delta/n) of Si wafers. Generally, /spl tau//sub eff/(/spl Delta/n) is determined by bulk recombination, surface recombination and diffusion. However, carrier trapping is well known to cause an overestimation of /spl tau//sub eff/. In this work, an additional effect - depletion region modulation (DRM) - is shown to cause a similar overestimation in Si wafers featuring a p-n junction. Additionally, shunting is shown to cause an underestimation of /spl tau//sub eff/. The impact of these distinct effects on /spl tau//sub eff/(/spl delta/n) is demonstrated using analytical equations and PC1D. Furthermore, experimental evidence of DRM is given, using quasi-steady-state lifetime measurements on various Si wafer samples.
Photonic Crystals in Bioassays

Photonic crystal (PC) based bioassay techniques have many advantages in sensitive biomolecular screening, label‐free detection, real‐time monitoring of enzyme activity, cell morphology research, and so on. This study provides an overall survey of the basic concepts and up‐to‐date research concerning the very promising use of PC materials for bioassays. It includes the design and application of PC films, PC microcarriers, PC fibers, and PC optofluidics for fluorescence enhancement or label‐free bioassays. Emphasis is given to the description of the functional structures of different PC materials and their respective sensing mechanisms. Examples of detecting various types of analytes are presented. This article promotes communication among chemistry, biology, medicine, pharmacy, and material science.
THE MODE OF INTERACTION BETWEEN BLUE (UV) LIGHT PHOTORECEPTOR AND PHYTOCHROME IN ANTHOCYANIN FORMATION OF THE SORGHUM SEEDLING

Two non‐photosynthetic photoreceptors (phytochrome and a blue light photoreceptor) are involved in light‐mediated anthocyanin synthesis in the mesocotyl of Sorghum seedlings. The present study was undertaken to investigate the kind of interaction between phytochrome and the blue light photoreceptor. The data show that phytochrome (Pfr) can only act once a blue light effect has occurred. On the other hand, the blue light effect cannot express itself without Pfr. It is concluded that there is an obligatory dependency (or sequential interaction) between the blue light effect and the light effect occurring through phytochrome, although the blue light photoreaction per se is not affected by the presence or absence of phytochrome. The latter statement is based on the results of dichromatic experiments, i.e. simultaneous, high fluence rate irradiation with two kinds of light. Blue light can be replaced by UV light. It is not clarified yet whether the effect of blue and UV light is due to the same photoreceptor.
Self-consistent description of a metal–water interface by the Kohn–Sham density functional theory and the three-dimensional reference interaction site model

We have developed a self-consistent description of an interface between a metal and a molecular liquid by combination of the density functional theory in the Kohn–Sham formulation (KS DFT) for the electronic structure, and the three-dimensional generalization of the reference interaction site model (3D RISM) for the classical site distribution profiles of liquid. The electron and classical subsystems are coupled in the mean field approximation. The procedure takes account of many-body effects of dense fluid on the metal–liquid interactions by averaging the pseudopotentials of liquid molecules over the classical distributions of the liquid. The proposed approach is substantially less time-consuming as compared to a Car–Parrinello-type simulation since it replaces molecular dynamics with the integral equation theory of molecular liquids. The calculation has been performed for pure water at normal conditions in contact with the (100) face cubic centered (fcc) surface of a metal roughly modeled after copper.
Exciton states and photoluminescence in Ge quantum dots

We have studied, both theoretically and experimentally, the mechanism of photoluminescence (PL) of Ge nanocrystals in SiO2 and GeO2 matrices. Ge quantum dots (QDs) have been created by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Time-resolved PL spectra in the photon energy range of 1.4– 3.2 eV have been measured within the time range 50 ns–20 µs. We have calculated the exciton binding and radiative transition energies accounting for both finite potential barriers and heterointerface polarization in the system. PL spectra have been calculated and compared with experimental results accounting for quantum-mesoscopic fluctuations and possible oscillations in exciton radiative lifetime occurring as QD size decreases. Good agreement between calculated and experimental PL spectra supports an assumption on the excitonic character of PL in Ge QDs and enables the parameters of the PL model to be determined.
Metal sorption with extractant-impregnated macroporous resins. 1. Particle diffusion kinetics

Kinetic measurements were made for the sorption of copper ions from aqueous sulfate solutions with di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid-impregnated Amberlite XAD macroporous resins in finite bath by a batch-contact time method. The sorption process of copper was first determined to be controlled by particle diffusion using a modified shrinking-core mechanism, which considered reversibility of the sorption. A more rigorous model based on Fick's law was then applied to justify the applicability of the modified shrinkage-core model to the present sorption systems. The effective particle diffusivity had an order to 10 -12 (in m 2 /s), which was in agreement with those obtained for chelating ion-exchange processes
Surface modification of glass beads with poly(acrylic acid)

Non-porous P2 glass beads were etched with sodium hydroxide to increase the number of silanol groups that could be used to modify the surface. The etched glass beads were then functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) and/or glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPS). The surface of the glass beads were further modified with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) by reacting the carboxyl groups on PAA with the amino groups of the pregrafted APS. The chemical modifications were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, particle size analyzer and tensiometry for contact angle and porosity measurements. Five different molecular weight PAA polymers ranging from 2000 to 3,000,000 were grafted with less than expected increase of grafted PAA with molecular weight. The amount of APS and PAA on the surface was determined from thermogravimetric analysis and elemental analysis data. The surface properties of the surface modified glass beads were determined by measuring water and hexane penetration rate and contact angle. The surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Density functional theory calculations of the reaction pathway for methane activation on a gallium site in metal exchanged ZSM‐5

Density functional theory is used to describe the reaction profile for methane dissociation on Ga‐exchanged ZSM‐5. Stable structures on the reaction pathway are characterized as weakly adsorbed methane molecule and the C–H dissociation product. The transition state is also explicitly defined and optimized. The nonlocal density functional approximation is invoked to calculate the energy parameters of the reaction. The activation barrier is estimated at about 120 kJ/mol, in excellent agreement with other similar reactions. From vibrational analysis the reaction coordinate is deduced and transformation of a methane molecule on adsorption is discussed.Density functional theory is used to describe the reaction profile for methane dissociation on Ga‐exchanged ZSM‐5. Stable structures on the reaction pathway are characterized as weakly adsorbed methane molecule and the C–H dissociation product. The transition state is also explicitly defined and optimized. The nonlocal density functional approximation is invoked to calculate the energy parameters of the reaction. The activation barrier is estimated at about 120 kJ/mol, in excellent agreement with other similar reactions. From vibrational analysis the reaction coordinate is deduced and transformation of a methane molecule on adsorption is discussed.
Processamento, caracterização e desempenho in vivo de arcabouço biorreabsorvível de PLDLA-co-TMC

Estruturas tridimensionais tem sido obtidas por diversas tecnicas e representam um importante enfoque no desenvolvimento de suportes porosos para a engenharia tecidual. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e caracterizar arcaboucos tridimensionais porosos de poli(L-co-D,L acido latico-co-trimetileno carbonato), PLDLA-co-TMC, obtidos pela tecnica de deposicao de fibras 3D. Arcaboucos do terpolimero PLDLA-co-TMC, nas proporcoes 70:30 e 50:50, foram obtidos e caracterizados por microscopia eletronica de varredura, cromatografia de permeacao em gel, calorimetria exploratoria diferencial, analise termogravimetrica, ensaio mecânico de compressao e estudo de degradacao in vitro, os quais evidenciaram suas caracteristicas amorfas, geometria cilindrica e poros interconectados. O estudo de degradacao in vitro, apresentou expressiva perda das propriedades mecânicas compativeis com queda na massa molar, acompanhada de alteracoes na morfologia. Avaliou-se a histocompatibilidade da associacao de celulas-tronco mesenquimais provenientes da medula ossea de coelhos e arcaboucos de PLDLA-co-TMC (70:30), obtidos pelo metodo de evaporacao de solvente com adicao de sacarose (50%), na regeneracao do menisco. Nove coelhos Nova Zelândia foram submetidos a meniscectomia medial total, obtendo-se tres tratamentos: implante do arcabouco de PLDLA-co-TMC com pre-cultivo celular, implante de arcabouco de PLDLA-co-TMC puro (sem celulas) e controle negativo (defeito sem implante). Apos 24 semanas, os resultados evidenciaram a presenca de fibrocartilagem nos animais tratados com arcabouco polimerico. Contudo, a regeneracao obtida com arcaboucos de PLDLA-co-TMC pre-cultivados com celulas-tronco mesenquimais apresentou-se semelhante ao tecido fibrocartilaginoso maduro do menisco normal, tanto macroscopicamente quanto histologicamente. Este estudo demonstrou a eficacia do arcabouco de PLDLA-co-TMC (70:30) na regeneracao fibrocartilaginosa e o potencial do pre-cultivo de celulas mesenquimais na engenharia tecidual, sem o uso de fatores de crescimento. Conclui-se que os polimeros biorreabsorviveis representam uma alternativa promissora para a regeneracao tecidual. Abstract
Quantitative Recovery of Elemental Sulfur and Improved Selectivity in a Chromium‐Reducible Sulfur Distillation

Chromium‐reducible sulfur (CRS) distillations are intended to recover only reduced inorganic sulfur compounds (RIS) including elemental sulfur. However, the quantitative recovery of elemental sulfur is not ensured in common CRS‐distillations. The new method presented here was designed to remedy this deficiency. An increase in ethanol concentration assured the quantitative recovery of elemental sulfur in various forms and, in addition, all other RIS‐compounds were quantitatively recovered. Furthermore, the selectivity of the procedure was improved by an additional filtration step to eliminate zinc particles from the Cr(II)‐solution. Thus, the recovery of sulfates and organic sulfur compounds was significantly decreased by a factor of up to 35, depending on the compound analysed. Exhaustive testing with a variety of pure phases, rock and soil samples demonstrated the precision and accuracy of the new method. The new protocol eliminated the constraints of previous procedures. The improved distillation efficiency for elemental sulfur ensured the quantitative recovery of all RIS‐compounds in a single‐step distillation.
Screening for dioxin contamination in fish oil by PARAFAC and N‐PLSR analysis of fluorescence landscapes

A preliminary investigation of fish oils demonstrates that fluorescence excitation–emission landscapes evaluated by three‐way chemometric methods may be a candidate for an inexpensive screening method to indicate the level of contamination by dioxins and PCBs, which are normally analysed by expensive and time‐consuming physicochemical separation techniques such as GC‐MS. Fluorescence landscapes of 88 fish oils have been investigated and showed great variation due to species, season and treatment, depicting a variation in natural fluorescent components. The fluorescence landscapes were analysed by PARAFAC. Samples with similar fluorescence fingerprints were selected from a PARAFAC score plot, and local significant prediction models with PARAFAC/MLR, N‐PLSR and PLSR were established with correlation coefficients in the range from r = 0.69 (n = 10) to r = 0.97 (n = 75) for dioxin and of r = 0.92 (n = 12) for PCB. Application of PARAFAC/MLR and N‐PLSR to fluorescence landscapes of fish oils resulted in local regression models for dioxin determination with prediction errors below 1 ng kg−1, which is comparable to the reference method. In the PARAFAC model, two of the modes give the excitation and emission spectra of the pure underlying fluorophores, while the third mode gives their individual concentrations. Excitation and emission optima for three or four PARAFAC components in each data set were identified, representing both positive and negative (quenching) correlation components. It is hypothesized that the quenching correlation may be effected by the joint contribution of chlorinated organic compounds in the fish oil, including dioxins and PCBs. Other explanations for the results are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.