Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does Foreign Direct Investments Contribute to Employment? Empirical Approach for The Commonwealth of Independent States

Dogrudan yabanci yatirimlarin (DYY) istihdam uzerine ozellikle dolayli etkilerine yonelik ulke ve ulke gruplari bazinda var olan literatur, simdiye kadar celiskili sonuclar ortaya cikarmistir. Bu calismanin amaci, hâlihazirda dunyadaki diger gelismekte olan ulkelerle gecis ekonomilerinde oldugu gibi hayati onemi olan ve daha once calisilmayan Bagimsiz Devletler Toplulugu ulkeleri icin DYY’nin istihdam uzerindeki etkilerini makro duzeyli perspektifle incelemektir. Bu baglamda, 1995-2013 donemi icin dokuz BDT ulkesine iliskin panel veri kullanarak, Pedroni’nin (1999, 2004) ve Kao’nun (1999) es butunlesme testlerini uygulayarak DYY ile istihdam arasindaki iliskiyi irdeledik. Calismanin bulgulari DYY ile istihdam arasinda uzun donemli pozitif iliskinin varligina isaret etmenin yani sira DYY’nin istihdam yaratici etkisinin sinirli oldugunu da vurgulamaktadir.
EM simulation accuracy enhancement for broadband modeling of on-wafer passive components

This paper describes methods for accuracy enhancement in broadband modeling of on-wafer passive components using electromagnetic (EM) simulation. It is shown that standard excitation schemes for integrated component simulation leads to poor correlation with on-wafer measurements beyond the lower GHz frequency range. We show that this is due to parasitic effects and higher-order modes caused by the excitation schemes. We propose a simple equivalent circuit for the parasitic effects in the well-known ground ring excitation scheme. An extended L-2L calibration method is shown to improve significantly the accuracy of the on-wafer component modeling, when applied to parasitic effect removal associated with the excitation schemes.
Modeling the Enveloping Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram Based on the Traffic Assignment With Deterministic User Equilibrium

This paper aims to propose a new analytical method of deriving the enveloping macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) in the light of the well-defined sufficient condition and the route choice criterion in a general network. The enveloping MFD is defined to describe the boundary of all scatter points relating the flow rate (vehicles per unit time) to the vehicle accumulation (vehicles) in a road network. The theoretical framework consists of two parts. The first part is a static congested traffic assignment model which is based on the congested link performance function and the deterministic user equilibrium principle under the entirely congested condition. The second part is the new analytical method which is proposed based on the static uncongested and congested traffic assignments with the deterministic user equilibrium, in which the well-defined sufficient condition is satisfied by employing the static traffic assignment models, and the route choice criterion is fulfilled by the deterministic user equilibrium condition (Wardrop’s principle). The main findings of this paper are summarized as follows: 1) the enveloping MFD delimits a region where all scatter points are located; 2) the existence and reproducibility of the enveloping MFD in a general network are verified through numerical examples; 3) the proposed method is suggested to be applied to transportation planning for describing and evaluating the macro-characteristics and the performance of road networks and evaluating whether the OD pattern is congruous with the network topology.
Biological separation of quartz from kaolinite using Bacillus licheniformis

ABSTRACT Separation of quartz and kaolinite was examined in the absence and presence of the cells and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of Bacillus licheniformis in alkaline conditions. The adsorption density of EPS and bacterial cells on kaolinite increased by raising the pH value from 9 to 12, whereas for quartz the trend was in reverse. The highest difference between the settling rates of two minerals happened at pH = 12, 11, and 10 using no bio-reagents, bacterial cells, and EPS, respectively. The mineral separation tests indicated that using the bacterial cells, 98.3% of kaolinite was recovered, and quartz content was reduced by 8%.
GÜREŞ EĞİTİM MERKEZLERİNDEKİ GÜREŞÇİLERİN TEMEL PSİKOLOJİK İHTİYAÇLARININ VE DEPRESYON DÜZEYLERİNİN ÇEŞİTLİ DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ

Bu calismanin amaci, gures egitim merkezlerinde egitim goren gurescilerin temel psikolojik ihtiyaclari ile depresyon duzeylerinin cesitli degiskenler (sosyal cevre, anne-baba ogrenim durumu ve aile gelir duzeyi) acisindan incelenmesidir. Arastirma, 2008–2009 sezonunda Genclik ve Spor Genel Mudurlugu’ne bagli farkli bolgelerdeki 23 Gures Egitim Merkezinde egitim goren 12–17 yas arasi 409 guresci ogrenciye uygulanmistir. Calismada veri toplama araci olarak; “Temel Psikolojik Ihtiyaclar Olcegi” ile “Cocuklar Icin Depresyon Olcegi” kullanilmistir. Elde edilen verilerin istatiksel analizinde; degiskenlere gore Kruskal Wallis testi kullanilmistir. Arastirma sonuclarina gore, Temel Psikolojik Ihtiyaclar Olcegi verileri sonucunda; sosyal cevre degiskeni koy olan gurescilerin ilce, il ve buyuksehir olanlara gore ozerklik ihtiyaclarinin, baba ogrenim duzeyi ilkokul ve ortaokul olanlarin, lise ve universite olanlara gore yeterlik ve iliski ihtiyaclarinin, anne ogrenim duzeyi ortaokul olanlarin ilkokul, lise ve universite olanlara gore iliski ihtiyaclarinin, aile gelir duzeyi 800 TL ve altinda olanlarin 800 TL uzerinde olanlara gore ozerklik ihtiyaclarinin yuksek oldugu belirlenmistir. Cocuklar Icin Depresyon Olcegi verileri sonucunda, sosyal cevre degiskeni koy olan gurescilerin ilce, il ve buyuksehir olanlara gore, aile gelir duzeyi 800 TL ve altinda olanlarin 800 TL uzeri olanlara gore depresyon duzeylerinin yuksek oldugu, baba ve anne ogrenim duzeyi degiskenine gore ise depresyon duzeyleri arasinda anlamli bir farkliligin olmadigi gorulmustur. Sonuc olarak gures egitim merkezlerindeki gurescilerin sosyal cevrelerinin, anne-baba egitim durumlarinin ve aile gelir duzeylerinin temel psikolojik ihtiyaclarini; sosyal cevre ile aile gelir durumlarinin da depresyon duzeylerini etkiledigi saptanmistir
Trajectory tracking nonlinear model predictive control for autonomous surface craft

This paper presents a solution to the problem of trajectory-tracking control for autonomous surface craft (ASC) in the presence of ocean currents. The proposed solution is rooted in nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) techniques and addresses explicitly state and input constraints. Whereas state saturation constraints are added to the underlying optimization cost functional as penalties, input saturation constraints are made intrinsic to the nonlinear model used in the optimization problem, thus reducing the computational burden of the resulting NMPC algorithm. Simulation and experimental results show that the NMPC strategy adopted yields good performance in the presence of constant currents and validate the real-time implementation of the proposed techniques.
Excess current noise in amplifiers with switched input

A basic model for excess current noise in amplifiers with switched input is presented. Thermal noise in the input switches causes charge fluctuations in the amplifier input capacitance with a bandwidth much higher than the switching frequency. This wideband charge noise is undersampled by the switching process, leading to excess current noise with a spectral density proportional to temperature, capacitance and switching frequency. The model was verified using a test chopper operated at room temperature and liquid Nitrogen (77 K). Good agreement between theory and experiment was found.
Evaluation of the Role of Environmental Education in Manesht and Ghelarang Geotourism Destination, Iran

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate the land ethics of tourists regarding the geotourism resources in the Protected Area of Manesht and Ghelarang, Ilam Province, Iran. The theoretical framework of the research is based on environmental knowledge, environmental behavior, normative pressures, facilities, multiple incentive models, ability, opportunity, and environmental ethics model. Approximate number of tourists visiting (local tourist) the protected area in the specified time range (spring 2017) was 3,000. Using the Cochran sampling formula, the sample size was determined to be 475 people and questionnaires, based on available sampling, were distributed among the tourists. The findings show that there is no significant relationship between tourists’ age, the habitat, and environmental behaviors. In contrast, there is a positive relationship with gender and level of education. This study demonstrates that the lowest score in the assessment section of the variables analyzed was related to environmental knowledge and facilities. Hence, the low environmental knowledge of tourists needs to be improved through training so that they can gain an increased environmental awareness over time. Further, the second factor involves discussion of structural facilities that are rooted in national macroeconomic, and management policies which require a comprehensive overview of Iran’s tourism management.
Quasi-Ballistic Transport in Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors

In this paper, we investigate quasi-ballistic transport in nanowire field-effect transistors (NW-FETs). In order to do so, we address the 1-D Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) and find its exact analytical solution for any potential profile with the constraint of dominant elastic scattering. A simulation code implementing a self-consistent Schrodinger-Poisson solver in the transverse direction and the present BTE solution in the longitudinal direction is worked out, providing the I-V characteristics of the NW-FET. Such characteristics are compared with those computed using a numerical BTE solver accounting for both inelastic and elastic collisions, and the two of them turn out to agree very nicely. From this comparison, it may be concluded that inelastic scattering plays a minor role for small-diameter FETs with device lengths in the decananometer range. Next, a methodology for the calculation of the transmission and backscattering coefficients is worked out for the first time starting from the scattering probabilities. The aforementioned coefficients turn out to be functions of the ratio between the carrier transit time and a suitably averaged momentum-relaxation time. Therefore, one of the main conclusions of this paper is that, so long as inelastic collisions are negligible, the so-called kT layer plays no role in 1-D quasi-ballistic carrier transport.
Detoxification Processes from Vanadate at the Root Apoplasm Activated by Caffeic and Polygalacturonic Acids

In the root apoplasm, V(V) and V(IV) toxicity can be alleviated through redox and complexation reactions involving phenolic substances and the polyuronic components. In such context we report the role of polygalacturonic acid (PGA) on the reducing activity of caffeic acid (CAF) towards V(V). The redox reaction was particularly effective at pH 2.8 leading to the formation of oxidation products with redox activity towards V(V). An o-quinone was identified as the first product of the reaction which is further involved in the formation of CAF dimers. At pH ≥ 3.6 the redox activity decreased and a yield in V(IV) equal to 38, 31, 21 and 14% was found at pH 3.6, 4.0. 5.0 and 6.0 respectively compared with that obtained at pH 2.8. The redox reaction was faster in the presence of PGA and a higher yield of V(IV) was found in the 4.0–6.0 pH range with respect to the CAF-V(V) binary system. The higher efficiency of the redox reaction in the presence of PGA was related with the ability of PGA to bind V(IV). The biological significance of the redox reaction between CAF and V(V), as well as the role of PGA in such reaction, was established “in vivo” using triticale plants. Results showed that PGA reduced significantly the phytotoxic effects of the V(V)-CAF system.
A Wideband 28-GHz Transmit–Receive Front-End for 5G Handset Phased Arrays in 40-nm CMOS

This paper reports a transmit–receive (Tx–Rx) front-end (FE) in bulk CMOS targeting fifth-generation (5G) mobile user equipment (UE)-phased arrays. Block-level specifications are first reviewed based on link budget and UE array beam steering considerations, and compared against measured standalone power/low-noise amplifier and phase shifter test circuit performances. Then, the codesign of the Tx–Rx switch and antenna impedance matching is investigated for the important case of wideband dual-resonance networks, leading to a proposed topology that is experimentally verified using silicon passive test structures. A fully integrated FE prototype is fabricated in 1.1-V 1P6M 40-nm bulk CMOS and characterized in detail across digital gain and phase settings. Measurements show Tx-mode <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{\mathrm {1\,dB}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/PAE<sub>1 dB</sub> ≥ 14.6 dBm/21.9% across 27–30 GHz, and peak <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{\mathrm{ out}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/PAE = 6.5dBm/8.8% at 27 GHz for an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\,\,\times100$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-MHz carrier-aggregated 64-QAM OFDM signal. In Rx-mode, a noise figure of 5.5–6 dB and an input-referred third-order intercept point of −8.5 to −6 dBm are achieved across 27–33 GHz. Normalized to area/power consumption, the achieved performance is the state of the art relative to the most recent CMOS/SiGe FEs.
Low complexity multipath diversity through fractional sampling in OFDM

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) enables low-complexity equalization and has been adopted in several wireless standards. However, OFDM cannot exploit multipath diversity without computationally complex coding and decoding. We show here that fractional sampling (FS) can improve the capacity and the diversity that an OFDM system can provide. We calculate the outage capacity of an FS-OFDM system to quantify the possible gains that FS offers. We also propose a low-complexity maximal ratio combining approach at each subcarrier for the FS-OFDM system, and argue that the diversity gains acquired through this approach are related to the frequency content of the transmit filter. We corroborate our approach with simulations.
A Tale of Two Skates: Comparative Phylogeography of North American Skate Species with Implications for Conservation

Genomic data can provide novel insights into the natural history of oceanic species. These data can inform the management of vulnerable and slow-maturing species by estimating population structure, rates of migration, and the distribution of genetic diversity. In this study we focus on two protected elasmobranch species, the Winter Skate, Leucoraja ocellata, and the Little Skate, L. erinacea. We use genome-wide SNPs to estimate population structure, and quantify migration and genetic diversity among both species from four sampling localities across the Atlantic coast of North America. We find that species of Leucoraja are generally isolated by distance, although we infer some fine-scale population structure. Specifically, estimates of effective migration infer fine-scale population structure in L. ocellata between the northern sites of Georges Bank and the Mid-Atlantic sampling sites, whereas L. erinacea shows no evidence of population genetic structure in any analyses. We also found that genetic diversity is concentrated in the central sites of Georges Bank and the Mid-Atlantic Bight for L. ocellata, but is reduced at these two sites in L. erinacea, suggesting opposite distributions of genetic diversity between species. Thus, genomic data suggest that while species of Leucoraja lack discrete population structure, they likely employ only mid-range dispersal. These findings correspond to ecological studies that have found eco-physiological differences between embryonic and juvenile Leucoraja from different localities. Taken together, small-bodied skate research emphasizes the importance of local adaptive plasticity for marine species, even without population genetic structure. Conservation strategies should focus on managing the portions of the Atlantic coast considered most vital to reproduction of Leucoraja, but should not recognize multiple populations across their range.
Duality of the Evolute-Involute Pair and Its Application

We studied the type of cusps on the caustic in the optical model that the coplanar point light source irradiates a singular planar curvilinear mirror in our last paper. In this paper, we give a one-to-one correspondence between the wavefront (orthotomic) and the caustic. According to this one-to-one correspondence, we can derive the property of one of them from that of the other one. To prove it, we formulate the involutes of $(n,\;m)$ -cusp curves and study their singular properties. Furthermore, we give a duality theorem for evolute-involute pairs. This theorem plays a crucial role in the one-to-one correspondence mentioned earlier.
Denoising ECG Signal by CSTFM Algorithm: Monitoring During Motorbike and Car Races

mHealth technology, by using habitual devices, i.e., smartphones, improves prevention, diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and management of health. Monitoring heart profile during intense sports activities allows to diagnose pathologies, not identifiable with the traditional Holter approach and, therefore, it can help preventing possible injuries. On the other hand, denoising and extracting features from electrocardiographic (ECG) signal acquired during physical activity is a challenging task due to motion artifacts and measurement noise. In this paper, we propose a solution enabling a complete analysis of ECG signal through the implementation of a robust denoising algorithm, which has been characterized on synthetic signals and then has been tested on real traces acquired with a low-cost smartphone-based device during motorbike and car races.
Effects of contact roughness and trapped free space on characteristics of RF-MEMS capacitive shunt switches

Dielectric surface roughness and top electrode metal asperities tend to affect both the life-time reliability and frequency response of RF MEMS capacitive shunt switches. Down-state (off) capacitance of these switches is considerably affected by interface irregularities and trapped free space. There exists two very contradictory concepts regarding theoretically completely conformal Metal-Insulator-Metal contacts and commercially available RF MEMS capacitive switches. We explained the sole source of this contradiction, and offered a new model that is more accurate to describe RF MEMS switches. With this model we consider the effects of both contact roughness and free space trapped in down-state capacitance. Using the proposed model, different switch characteristics like frequency response and capacitance ratio is evaluated.
Feature based iris recognition system functioning on extraction of 2D features

In this paper a novel and simple iris feature extraction technique is proposed for iris recognition of high performance. We use one dimensional circular ring to represent iris features. The reduced and significant features afterward are extracted by Sobel Operator and 1-D wavelet transform. To improve the accuracy, this paper combines uses Euclidean Distance for classification.
A Teleoperation System Utilizing Saliency-Based Visual Attention

We present a teleoperation system which supports foveated multi-resolution, wide field of view visual feedback. In the proposed system, a saliency-based visual attention system is implemented to simulate human visual system and to help determine the candidate visual attention area automatically. We link the visual attention system and the foveated multi-resolution image compression system to realize a real-time teleoperation system which requires less communication bandwidth to classic systems. Our experiment results show that the average operation time of the proposed system is only 57.9% comparing to a system with no visual attention clues in navigation tasks.
<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\ell_{2}$</tex></formula> Optimized Predictive Image Coding With <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\ell_{\infty}$</tex></formula> Bound

In many scientific, medical, and defense applications of image/video compression, an l<sub>∞</sub> error bound is required. However, pure l<sub>∞</sub>-optimized image coding, colloquially known as near-lossless image coding, is prone to structured errors such as contours and speckles if the bit rate is not sufficiently high; moreover, most of the previous l<sub>∞</sub>-based image coding methods suffer from poor rate control. In contrast, the l<sub>2</sub> error metric aims for average fidelity and hence preserves the subtlety of smooth waveforms better than the l∞ error metric and it offers fine granularity in rate control, but pure l<sub>2</sub>-based image coding methods (e.g., JPEG 2000) cannot bound individual errors as the l<sub>∞</sub>-based methods can. This paper presents a new compression approach to retain the benefits and circumvent the pitfalls of the two error metrics. A common approach of near-lossless image coding is to embed into a DPCM prediction loop a uniform scalar quantizer of residual errors. The said uniform scalar quantizer is replaced, in the proposed new approach, by a set of context-based l<sub>2</sub>-optimized quantizers. The optimization criterion is to minimize a weighted sum of the l<sub>2</sub> distortion and the entropy while maintaining a strict l<sub>∞</sub> error bound. The resulting method obtains good rate-distortion performance in both l<sub>2</sub> and l<sub>∞</sub> metrics and also increases the rate granularity. Compared with JPEG 2000, the new method not only guarantees lower l<sub>∞</sub> error for all bit rates, but also it achieves higher PSNR for relatively high bit rates.
Computational Semantics with Functional Programming, byJan van Eijck andChristina Unger

One of the fundamental tasks of science is to find explainable relationships between observed phenomena. One approach to this task that has received attention in recent years is based on probabilistic graphical modelling with sparsity constraints on model structures. In this paper, we describe two new approaches to Bayesian inference of sparse structures of Gaussian graphical models (GGMs). One is based on a simple modification of the cutting-edge block Gibbs sampler for sparse GGMs, which results in significant computational gains in high dimensions. The other method is based on a specific construction of the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampler, which results in further significant improvements. We compare our fully Bayesian approaches with the popular regularisation-based graphical LASSO, and demonstrate significant advantages of the Bayesian treatment under the same computing costs. We apply the methods to a broad range of simulated data sets, and a real-life financial data set.
A review on variable inductors and variable transformers: Applications to lighting drivers

This paper presents a literature review on magnetically-controlled devices, variable inductors and variable transformers, and their applications in lighting gear. It describes the fundamentals and basic operating principle of such devices. Then, it focus on the review of specific techniques and circuits taking advantage of the presence of a controlled inductance value, by covering recent applications regarding discharge and solidstate lamp drivers.
The Continuous Class-F Mode Power Amplifier

This paper presents, for the first time the theoretical introduction and experimental validation of the “Continuous Class-F Mode Power Amplifier” that provides for a new design space for the design of high efficiency and broadband power amplifiers. Starting from the standard class-F mode, this work shows that it is possible to maintain constant or even improved output power and efficiency for coupled variations of fundamental and second harmonic impedances. The investigation was carried out on GaAs pHEMT devices and demonstrates that a near constant efficiency between 82% and 87% can be achieved along with a constant output power of 20dBm, over a wide range of fundamental and second harmonic loads.