Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a methyl jasmonate and wounding‐responsive cytochrome P450 of Arabidopsis thaliana catalyzing dicarboxylic fatty acid formation in vitro

A fatty‐acid‐metabolizing enzyme from Arabidopsis thaliana, CYP94C1, belonging to the cytochrome P450 family was cloned and characterized. CYP94C1 was heterologously expressed in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain (WAT11) engineered for P450 expression. When recombinant yeast microsomes were incubated with lauric acid (C12:0) for 15 min, one major metabolite was formed. The product was purified and identified by GC/MS as 12‐hydroxylauric acid. Longer incubation (40 min) led to the formation of an additional metabolite identified by GC/MS as dodecadioic acid. This diacid was also produced by incubation with 12‐hydroxylauric acid. These compounds were not produced by incubating microsomes from yeast transformed with a void plasmid, demonstrating the involvement of CYP94C1. This new enzyme also metabolized fatty acids of varying aliphatic chain lengths (C12 to C18) and in‐chain modifications, for example, degree of unsaturation or the presence of an epoxide as an additional polar functional group. Transcription of the gene encoding CYP94C1 is enhanced by stress, treatment with the hormone methyl jasmonate and wounding. Treatment with methyl jasmonate also induced lauric acid metabolism in microsomes prepared from Arabidopsis. The induction of hydroxylase activity was dose dependent and increased with exposure time, reaching 16× higher in microsomes from 24‐h treated Arabidopsis compared with control plants. Analysis of the metabolites showed a mixture of 12‐, 11‐ and 10‐hydroxylauric acids, revealing for the first time the presence of fatty acid in‐chain hydroxylase in Arabidopsis.
Clinicopathological Study Of Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors

Background: Intradural extramedullary tumors of the spine are common in middle age group and most of them are benign in nature, most of them being nerve sheath tumors and meningiomas. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical presentation, imageology, resectability, to know the incidence of different types of tumors in intradural extramedually compartment and to study the surgical outcome. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study of 30 cases of intradural extramedullary tumors were treated in the department of Neurosurgery period from October 2014 to December 2016. The clinical presentation, imageology, resectability, histopathology, surgical outcome were studied. All cases were treated surgically, outcome and complications were evaluated. Outcome was evaluated by by using Nurick-grading scheme. Findings: A total of 30 cases of intradural extramedullary tumors were included in this study. Most of them were in 30-40 years age group (36.66%). The tumor location was noted be thoracic in 18 (60%) patients, lumbar in 5 (16.66%) and cervical in 7 (23.33%) patients. In 80% of cases the tumors were located posteriorly and 20% were located posterolaterally. All the patients underwent surgery Total excision was achieved in 28 cases. Near total excision was done in 2 cases. Nerve sheath tumor was the common histopathological type (15 patients) followed by Meningiomas (9 patients). Follow up was available for all patients at 6months. Immediate improvement seen in 18 patients (60%) and gradual improvement over a period of six months seen in 11 patients (36.66%) and no improvement seen in 1 patient (3.33%). Conclusions: Nerve sheath tumors and Meningiomas are the most common intradural extramedullary spinal lesions and complete excision is possible in all most all cases. Prognosis is usually good, in spite of poor neurological status at the time of presentation.
University of Groningen Functional differentiation of the premotor cortex

Lateralization of higher brain functions requires that a dominant hemisphere collects relevant information from both sides. The right dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), particularly implicated in visuomotor transformations, was hypothesized to be optimally located to converge visuospatial information from both hemispheres for goal-directed movement. This was assessed by probabilistic tractography and a novel analysis enabling group comparisons of whole brain connectivity distributions of the left and right PMd in standard space (16 human subjects). The resulting dominance of contralateral PMd connections was characterized by right PMd connections with left visual and parietal areas, indeed supporting a dominant role in visuomotor transformations, while the left PMd showed dominant contralateral connections with the frontal lobe. Ipsilateral right PMd connections were also stronger with posterior parietal regions, relative to the left PMd connections, while ipsilateral connections of the left PMd were stronger with, particularly, the anterior cingulate, the ventral premotor and anterior parietal cortex. The pattern of dominant right PMd connections thus points to a specific role in guiding perceptual information into the motor system, while the left PMd connections are consistent with action dominance based on a lead in motor intention and fine precision skills.
Structural basis for the extreme thermostability of D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Thermotoga maritima: analysis based on homology modelling.

D-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from a hyperthermophilic eubacterium, Thermotoga maritima, is remarkably heat stable (Tm = 109 degrees C). In this work, we have applied homology modelling to predict the 3-D structure of Th.maritima GAPDH to reveal the structural basis of thermostability. Three known GAPDH structures were used as reference proteins. First, the rough model of one subunit was constructed using the identified structurally conserved and variable regions of the reference proteins. The holoenzyme was assembled from four subunits and the NAD molecules. The structure was refined by energy minimization and molecular dynamics simulated annealing. No errors were detected in the refined model using the 3-D profile method. The model was compared with the structure of Bacillus stearothermophilus GAPDH to identify structural details underlying the increased thermostability. In all, 12 extra ion pairs per subunit were found at the protein surface. This seems to be the most important factor responsible for thermostability. Differences in the non-specific interactions, including hydration effects, were also found. Minor changes were detected in the secondary structure. The model predicts that a slight increase in alpha-helical propensities and helix-dipole interactions also contribute to increased stability, but to a lesser degree.
Clinical Management of Multiple Melanoma Brain Metastases: A Systematic Review.

IMPORTANCE The treatment of multiple brain metastases (MBM) from melanoma is controversial and includes surgical resection, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT). Several new classes of agents have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic melanoma, allowing some subsets of patients to have long-term survival. Given this, management of MBM from melanoma is continually evolving. OBJECTIVE To review the current evidence regarding the treatment of MBM from melanoma. EVIDENCE REVIEW The PubMed database was searched using combinations of search terms and synonyms for melanoma, brain metastases, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy published between January 1, 1995, and January 1, 2015. Articles were selected for inclusion on the basis of targeted keyword searches, manual review of bibliographies, and whether the article was a clinical trial, large observational study, or retrospective study focusing on melanoma brain metastases. Of 2243 articles initially identified, 110 were selected for full review. Of these, the most pertinent 73 articles were included. FINDINGS Patients with newly diagnosed MBM can be treated with various modalities, either alone or in combination. Level 1 evidence supports the use of SRS alone, WBRT, and SRS with WBRT. Although the addition of WBRT to SRS improves the overall brain relapse rate, WBRT has no significant impact on overall survival and has detrimental neurocognitive outcomes. Cytotoxic chemotherapy has largely been ineffective; targeted therapies and immunotherapies have been reported to have high response rates and deserve further attention in larger clinical trials. Further studies are needed to fully evaluate the efficacy of these novel regimens in combination with radiation therapy. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE At this time, the standard management for patients with MBM from melanoma includes SRS, WBRT, or a combination of both. Emerging data exist to support the notion that SRS in combination with targeted therapies or immune therapy may obviate the need for WBRT; prospective studies are required to fully evaluate the efficacy of these novel regimens in combination with radiation therapy.
Molecular basis of the specificity of binding of glycoprotein hormones to their receptors.

Introduction THREE glycoprotein hormones are synthesized and secreted by the pituitary under hypothalamic control. Two of them are the gonadotropins, LH and FSH, and the third one is TSH. During gestation in primates and equidaes an additional gonadotropin, CG, is secreted by the placenta. Pituitary gonadotropins play pivotal roles in the control of reproductive function in both the female (1, 2) and the male (3) while the main role of TSH is in the control of thyroid gland activity (4). Although the human (h) and equine (e) CGs (the latter previously named PMSG) have been studied extensively, the full extent of their roles remains equivocal (5, 6). Glycoprotein hormones form a family of structurally related molecules that are among the most complex molecules possessing hormonal activities. Despite their extensive homologies, these hormones exhibit high specificities, indispensable for their respective and often coordinated physiological roles. The present review is an attempt to summarize and interpret t.
Influence of renal dysfunction on the pharmacokinetics of the selective Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor EMD 87 580 in patients with chronic heart failure.

BACKGROUND Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a potential indication for the administration of EMD 87 580, a selective Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor. CHF is often accompanied by renal dysfunction, which is known to affect the pharmacokinetics of compounds predominately cleared by the kidneys. We examined the influence of renal dysfunction on the pharmacokinetics of EMD 87 580 in patients with CHF. METHODS 21 patients with CHF and normal renal function (Group 1) and 9 patients with CHF and renal dysfunction (Group 2) received EMD 87 580 orally over 8 days. The mean creatinine clearance (CrCl) in Group 1 was 99.7 ml/min. 12 patients in this group were randomized to receive two doses of EMD 87 580 (7 patients 2 x 50 mg and 5 patients 2 x 100 mg). The 9 patients in Group 2 with renal dysfunction (mean CrCl = 49.5 ml/min) received 50 mg EMD 87 580 once daily. Plasma and urine samples were collected for pharmacokinetic assessment. RESULTS In CHF patients with renal dysfunction EMD 87 580 clearance was reduced to approximately 50% compared to Group 1, i.e. 6.80 ml/min (4.89-11.60) vs. 12.73 ml/min (8.93-22.21), p < 0.05, for the 50 mg dose and 14.08 ml/min (9.96-18.10), p < 0.05, for the 100 mg dose. Consequently, plasma concentrations were increased in patients with renal dysfunction; AUC0-infinity 7,354 ng/ml x h (4,311-10,232) vs. 3,928 ng/ml x h (2,251-5,596, 50 mg dose, p < 0.05). A significant correlation was observed between EMD 87 580 plasma clearance and CrCl (r2 = 0.8062). CONCLUSION In CHF patients with renal dysfunction EMD 87 580, clearance is reduced and plasma concentrations increased. Therefore, dose adjustments for EMD 87 580 are indicated in patients with CHF and renal dysfunction.
Generation of multiple Rayleigh fading sequences with specified cross-correlations

A recent technique for generating two spatially correlated Rayleigh fading envelope sequences is generalized to give an efficient method for the generation of multiple correlated Rayleigh fading sequences. By coloring the quadrature components of the Rayleigh sequences, any desired envelope correlations can be realized for an arbitrary number of diversity branches. The computational complexity of the new method is compared to the computational complexity of a direct method. It is shown that properly utilizing the underlying block Toeplitz structure of the correlation matrix gives computational savings over the direct method. Copyright © 2004 AEI.
Modular integration of a 1200 v SiC inverter in a commercial vehicle wheel-hub drivetrain

The EU-funded FP7 project COSIVU [1] aims at a new system architecture for drive-trains of commercial vehicles. The project scope is the development of a smart, compact and durable single-wheel drive unit with integrated electric motor, compact transmission, full 1200V silicon carbide (SiC) inverter (switches and diodes) and an advanced and compact cooling solution. This paper focusses on the modular packaging concept of the integrated power stage, using “Inverter Building Blocks”, and the design of a double sided cooling of the power modules using a 3D printing technology.
[Effects of Jisuikang on Nogo-NgR gene expression in spinal cord rats with injury].

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of Jisuikang (Chinese characters) on Nogo-NgR gene expression, and to explore the protective effects and mechanism of Jisuikang (Chinese characters) on spinal cord injury in rats. METHODS One hundred eighty female rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups(30 rats per group). Sham group: T10 lamina was resected only and spinal cord was untreated. Model group: spine cord injury (SCI) was created with a modified impinger of Allen's by impacting on the T10 spinal cord. Prednisolone group: Prednisolone (0.06 g/kg) was given by intragastric administration at a time interval of 24 hours after operation. The Jisuikang (Chinese characters) high, moderate and low dose groups: Jisuikang (Chinese characters) was supplied with different dose (50 g/kg, 25 g/kg, 12.5 g/kg) by intragastric administration in rats after operation,for the first time at 30 min after surgery. Animals were killed 3, 7, 14 days after surgery. The expression levels of Nogo-A and NgR were observed by Western Blot and Real-time PCR. RESULTS The expression of Nogo-A and NgR was at the basic level at all time points in sham group. Compared with model group, the protein expression levels of Nogo-A and NgR in sham, prednisolone, Jisuikang (Chinese characters) moderate dose groups were statistically significant at all time points (P < 0.05). No difference was found in Jisuikang (Chinese characters) high and low dose groups (P > 0.05). Three days after surgery, the mRNA levels of Nogo-A and NgR in treatment group were significantly lower than that in model group (P < 0.01); 7 days after surgery,Nogo-A and NgR mRNA expression were dramatically upregulated and peaked; 14 days after operation, the expression was decreased, but still significantly higher than that in other treatment groups (P < 0.01). Prednisolone and Jisuikang (Chinese characters) moderate dose groups showed the most significant effects among all groups,but there was no statistically significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The decoction Jisuikang (Chinese characters) can promote the nerve cell regeneration by regulating Nogo-A and NgR gene expression, activating Nogo- NgR signaling pathways after acute spinal cord injury.
The response of broiler breeder hens to dietary lysine and methionine.

1. Broiler breeder hens were used in an experiment lasting 10 weeks (29 to 38 weeks of age) to measure the responses to dietary lysine and methionine, the main objective being to determine whether the coefficients of response to these amino acids were the same for broiler breeders and for laying pullets. 2. The hens were offered 150 g/d of one of 20 dietary treatments, 10 being lysine-limiting and 10 being methionine-limiting. The diets were mixed by diluting one of two concentrate (summit) mixes with a protein-free dilution mixture. The lysine-limiting summit diet was designed to supply approximately 1300 mg lysine/bird d, while the other supplied 520 mg methionine/bird d, when fed at 150 g/bird d. 3. Birds on the 5 lowest concentrations of both lysine and methionine did not consume the allotted amount of food, the amount decreasing, in a curvilinear fashion, to approximately 105 g/bird d. 4. The minimum egg weight recorded was 0.8 of the maximum, whereas the rate of lay of birds fed on the diets with the lowest amino acid concentrations was 0.2 of the maximum. 5. Using the Reading Model, the coefficients of response were calculated to be (for lysine) 16.88 E and 11.2 W, and for methionine, 7.03 E and 1.52 W, where E = egg output, g/bird d, and W = body mass, kg/bird. An average, individual, broiler breeder of 3 kg, producing 45 g of egg output per day, would need 793 mg of lysine and 321 mg of methionine daily. This intake of methionine is similar to that estimated by means of coefficients used for laying pullets, but the lysine requirement would be underestimated by 0.18 if the coefficients for laying pullets were used. 6. The coefficients for maintenance for both lysine and methionine, determined in this experiment, are considerably lower than values published previously, whilst the coefficients for egg output are, in both cases, higher. The resultant flock response curves therefore differed significantly from those in which the coefficients of response for for laying pullets were used. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Constituents of Zanthoxylum Sprucei

The known compounds lupeol, ß-sitosterol, (+)-sesamin, trans -dimethylmatairesinol, hesperidin, (-)- cis - N -methylcanadine and sucrose were isolated from Zanthoxylum sprucei . The 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR signals of (-)- cis - N -methylcanadine are hereby fully assigned.
Experiences with the Design, Fielding, and Evaluation of a

We review the design and evaluation of a fielded communications agent that routes telephone calls for several hundred people at our organization. In an advanced mode of operation, the system performs a cost-benefit analysis to balance the priority of calls with the context-sensitive cost of interrupting users. We discuss the challenges with developing a communications agent spanning client-side software and telephony infrastructure. We focus on metaphors and tools that allow users to specify priorities and costs of interruption. We report on the results analysis of surveys and monitored logs of preferences and activities.
Novice programmers' faults & failures in GOAL programs

What are the types of mistakes ("faults'") that novice GOAL programmers make, and how do they manifest as failures? This question is important since it has significant implications to the ongoing design of GOAL, and other agent-oriented programming languages; to the ongoing development of tools that support GOAL programmers; and to how we teach agent-oriented programming. In this paper we develop taxonomies for faults and for failures. We then classify the faults and failures that occur in a collection of programs by novice GOAL programmers. This provides empirical data which we use to make recommendations regarding the GOAL language, its support tools, and how it is taught.
The Origins of Rheology : A Short Historical Excursion

This article provides a brief historical perspective on the evolution of rheology and the long gestation period before the birth of the subject. It is not intended to be a comprehensive state-of-the-art review but rather to capture key events in the historical progression of the discipline, which was far from monotonic, and the significant contributions from a variety of specialists. Considerable liberty has been taken in identifying key players and avoiding repetitive mention of different efforts by the same workers in order to emphasize the diversity of influences and individuals who have molded the discipline, and to satisfy severe space constraints. Some valuable resources for the historical aspects of rheology are Bingham (1922), Scott Blair (1949), Markowitz (1968), Bird et al. (1987a,b), White (1990), and Tanner and Walters (1998), and the reader is referred to these works for further details.
Glycocalix Quantum-Biophysical-Semeiotic Evaluation plays a Central Role in Demonstration of Water Memory-Information

In the paper, the Author emphasises the central rol e of glycocalyx bedside evaluation in clinical demonstration of Water Memory-Information. In healt h, such a paramount structure of cell life is related to a normal n-DNA and mit-DNA, while whatev er cell abnormality, independent of its nature, bring about glycocalyx dysfunction, bedside assessed with the aid of Quantum Biophysical Semeiotics. Swallowing the water of a glass, energized with ext remely high energy frequency, gathered by Cem Tech from whatever diseased tissue, brings about to normalization of glycocalyx function in that biological system, whereas possible clinical phenom enology disappears, after one days.
Subword-based text-dependent speaker verification system with user-selectable passwords

A subword-based, text-dependent speaker verification system that embodies the capability of user-selectable passwords (ideally, with no constraints on the choice of vocabulary words or the language) is presented. A novel automatic speech segmentation procedure, called the "blind" segmentation, is also introduced. This algorithm segments speech without any linguistic knowledge and makes the subword modeling of the user-selectable password realizable in the proposed system. The subword modeling is done using the neural tree networks (NTNs). The NTN is a hierarchical classifier that combines the properties of decision trees and feed-forward neural networks. The proposed system also takes advantage of such concepts as the multiple classifier fusion and data resampling to successfully boost the system performance.
Phosphorylation of Protein Phosphatase Inhibitor-1 by Cdk5*

Protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 is a prototypical mediator of cross-talk between protein kinases and protein phosphatases. Activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase results in phosphorylation of inhibitor-1 at Thr-35, converting it into a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1. Here we report that inhibitor-1 is phosphorylated in vitro at Ser-67 by the proline-directed kinases, Cdk1, Cdk5, and mitogen-activated protein kinase. By using phosphorylation state-specific antibodies and selective protein kinase inhibitors, Cdk5 was found to be the only kinase that phosphorylates inhibitor-1 at Ser-67 in intact striatal brain tissue. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that phospho-Ser-67 inhibitor-1 was dephosphorylated by protein phosphatases-2A and -2B. The state of phosphorylation of inhibitor-1 at Ser-67 was dynamically regulated in striatal tissue by glutamate-dependent regulation ofN-methyl-d-aspartic acid-type channels. Phosphorylation of Ser-67 did not convert inhibitor-1 into an inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1. However, inhibitor-1 phosphorylated at Ser-67 was a less efficient substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase. These results demonstrate regulation of a Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation site in inhibitor-1 and suggest a role for this site in modulating the amplitude of signal transduction events that involve cAMP-dependent protein kinase activation.
Bimodal extension based on the skew-$t$-normal distribution

In this paper, a skew and uni-/bi-modal extension of the Student-t distribution is considered. This model is more flexible and has wider ranges of skewness and kurtosis than the other skew distributions in literature. Fisher information matrix for the proposed model and some submodels are derived. With a simulation study and some real data sets, applicability of the proposed models are illustrated.