Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suitability of distance metrics as indexes of home-range size in tropical rodent species

Abstract Estimators of home-range size require a large number of observations for estimation and sparse data typical of tropical studies often prohibit the use of such estimators. An alternative may be use of distance metrics as indexes of home range. However, tests of correlation between distance metrics and home-range estimators only exist for North American rodents. We evaluated the suitability of 3 distance metrics (mean distance between successive captures [SD], observed range length [ORL], and mean distance between all capture points [AD]) as indexes for home range for 2 Brazilian Atlantic forest rodents, Akodon montensis (montane grass mouse) and Delomys sublineatus (pallid Atlantic forest rat). Further, we investigated the robustness of distance metrics to low numbers of individuals and captures per individual. We observed a strong correlation between distance metrics and the home-range estimator. None of the metrics was influenced by the number of individuals. ORL presented a strong dependence on the number of captures per individual. Accuracy of SD and AD was not dependent on number of captures per individual, but precision of both metrics was low with numbers of captures below 10. We recommend the use of SD and AD instead of ORL and use of caution in interpretation of results based on trapping data with low captures per individual.
Analysis on geographical distribution of liposoluble constituents in Salvia miltiorrhiza.

Objective To analyze the content change of liposoluble constituents and their geographical distribution in Salvia miltiorrhiza from different habitats around China.Methods Determining the content of liposoluble constituents in S.miltiorrhiza from different habitats by HPLC and using SAS to analyze correlation between liposoluble constituents in S.miltiorrhiza and their geographical distribution.Results Regression analysis showed that content of tanshinone ⅡA and dihydro-tanshinone Ⅰ presented negative correlation and positive correlation with the other two.Cluster analysis showed that three wild medicinal herbs and the cultivated species in most habitats of Shandong and Henan Provinces and Zhongjiang in Sichuan Province are one kind.Their contents of liposoluble constituents are higher,suggesting that dihydro-tanshinone I should be ≥ 0.02%,tanshinone I ≥ 0.03%,cryptotanshinone ≥ 0.02%,and tanshinone ⅡA ≥ 0.02%. Conclusion There are differences in liposoluble constituents in S.miltiorrhiza between different habitats.The contents are espesially higher in traditional and original location.Dihydro-tanshinone Ⅰ should be ≥ 0.045%,tanshinone Ⅰ ≥ 0.12%,cryptotanshinone ≥0.10%,and tanshinone ⅡA ≥ 0.35%,which is consistent with the historical medical requirements.
A NEW ABUNDANCE ESTIMATE FOR VAQUITAS: FIRST STEP FOR RECOVERY1

A line-transect survey specifically designed to estimate vaquita (Phocoena sinus) abundance over its entire range was carried out by three boats in the summer of 1997. There was a total of 125 sightings of vaquita groups, mainly due to the use of large 25 ± 150 binoculars, which were seven times more effective in detecting vaquitas than hand-held 7 ± binoculars. Results confirmed that the range of the vaquita is restricted to the northwestern corner of the Gulf of California, Mexico, but that the boundaries of the Upper Gulf of California and Colorado River Delta Biosphere Reserve do not correspond well with the distribution of vaquitas. The shallow water north of the town of San Felipe was found to have a higher density of animals than had been indicated by previous surveys. The total population size was estimated to be 567 animals, with a 95% confidence interval from 177 to 1,073. This estimate is an improvement over previous estimates, which had low numbers of sightings, relied on parameters taken from other species, and/or did not cover all areas where vaquitas could potentially be found. The 1997 estimate was more than twice the 1993 estimate, but there are several reasons why the numbers cannot be directly compared, and it should not be concluded the population is increasing. This first complete estimate of vaquita abundance can be a beginning for the recovery of this highly endangered species.
Effet du stress hydrique osmotique sur la germination des graines chez les provenances de Cèdre du Liban (Cedrus Libani A. Rich.) d'origine Turque

On a etudie l'effet du stress hydrique osmotique sur la germination des graines chez les provenances de Cedre du Liban. En utilisant le polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) pour preparer les niveaux differents de stress hydrique osmotique suivant les traitements envisages (0, -2, -4, -6 bars) on a procede a la comparaison experimentale des facultes germinatives et des temps moyens de germination des graines de dix provenances. Les resultats essentiels obtenus sont les suivants : d'une facon generale, on n'a pas determine de differences importantes entre les provenances correspondant au temps moyen de germination. Le taux de germination moyen pour toutes les provenances diminue de 48 % a -2 bars, de 61 % a -4 bars, et de 75 % a -6 bars par rapport au traitement temoin (0 bars). Des differences tres nettes entre les provenances etudiees du point de vue des taux de germination relatif dans les niveaux differents de stress hydrique osmotique ont ete mises en evidence. Bien que les donnees climatiques manquent, il y a des relations entre les facultes a germer des provenances etudiees face aux stress hydriques du substrat et les conditions ecologiques de leurs milieux naturels. Il semble que ces differences entre les provenances procedent de variations intraspecifiques produites sous les effets des selections naturelles.
Interbasin exchange and mixing in the hypolimnion of a large lake: The role of long internal waves

We conducted a combined field and numerical study of the effects of episodic internal Kelvin‐type waves on bottom boundary turbulence and the exchange of a passive tracer between the main basin and the side basin of a large lake (Lake Geneva). High‐resolution measurements of the vertical current structure near the entrance of the 25‐km‐long and 70‐m‐deep side basin revealed that hypolimnetic current speeds frequently exceed 0.2 m s™1, leading to a turbulent bottom boundary layer several meters thick with logarithmic current profiles and to a region of strong shear across the thermocline. The time series and vertical structure of the currents were reproduced by a threedimensional numerical model of the lake. It was demonstrated that, after episodes of strong winds from the northeast and southwest, exchange flows due to internal Kelvin waves were able to temporarily half or double the hypolimnetic volume of the side basin, leading to an irreversible exchange of up to 40% of the hypolimnetic water in the side basin of Lake Geneva within only a few wave cycles. With the help of the numerical model, it was shown that the key mechanisms of exchange are horizontal dispersion by resolved scales and, to a small extent, shear dispersion in the bottom boundary layer. It is suggested that bottom boundary‐layer turbulence and the interbasin exchange can explain the structural differences in the oxygen profiles observed in the side basin and the main basin, respectively.
Applicationof a Simple Competitive Protein-bindingAssay Technique to the Pharmacokineticsof N-(Phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartatein Humans

PALA which is based on the separation of bound and free PALA by adherence of the complex to nitrocellulose filters. This assayhas been used in preliminary pharmacokineticstud ies during Phase I and II trials of PALA. Furthermore, this methodallows quantitation of the binding kinetics of PALAand its target enzyme. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials. Unlabeled PALA was obtained from the Drug DevelopmentBranch of the National Cancer Institute. [â€˜4CJ PALA (specific activity, 23 mCi/mmol) was obtained from the Stanford ResearchInstitute, Menlo Park, Calif. The [â€˜4C]PALA was 97% pure by radioautography and 98% pure by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. High-pressure liquid chromatog raphy of the [â€˜4C]PALA yielded 95% pure compound. lmidaz ole, EDTA, and 2-mercaptoethanol were of standard reagent grade.
Genetic and phylogenetic evidence for horizontal gene transfer among ecologically disparate groups of marine Vibrio

Vibrio represents a diverse bacterial genus found in different niches of the marine environment, including numerous genera of marine sponges (phylum Porifera), inhabiting different depths and regions of benthic seas, that are potentially important in driving adaptive change among Vibrio spp. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, a previous study showed that sponge‐derived (SD) vibrios clustered with their mainstream counterparts present in shallow, coastal ecosystems, suggesting a genetic relatedness between these populations. Sequences from the topA, ftsZ, mreB, rpoD, rctB and toxR genes were used to investigate the degree of relatedness existing between these two separate populations by examining their phylogenetic and genetic disparity. Phylogenies were constructed from the concatenated sequences of the six housekeeping genes using maximum‐parsimony, maximum‐likelihood and neighbour‐joining algorithms. Genetic recombination was evaluated using the incongruence length difference test, Split decomposition and measuring overall compatibility of sites. This combined technical approach provided evidence that SD Vibrio strains are largely genetically homologous to their shallow‐water counterparts. Moreover, the analyses conducted support the existence of extensive horizontal gene transfer between these two groups, supporting the idea of a single panmictic population structure among vibrios from two seemingly distinct, marine environments.
Fatty acids, protein contents and metal composition of some feed crops from Turkey

A considerable loss of pea landraces and consequential loss of genetic variability in European countries and other areas has been recorded. Evolutionary and historical information as well as information about extent of various gene pools uses are extremely valuable when planning which of germplasm to use in germplasm-enhancement or base broadening initiatives. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, morphological traits and pedigree data were used to analyse genetic diversity of European pea (Pisum sativum L.) germplasm, to determine differences between P. sativum var. arvense and P. sativum ssp. sativum groups, and to estimate genetic variability among and within eighteen P. sativum accessions. Coancestry coefficients across investigated accessions varied from 0.46 to 1.00. The average dissimilarity index between Pisum sativum var. arvense and P. sativum ssp. sativum groups was 0.99, where estimates obtained by pedigree data might be overestimated. Average morphological distance among all accessions was slightly higher than average molecular distance (0.62 and 0.59, respectively). Average morphological distance between P. sativum ssp. sativum and P. sativum var. arvense groups was also higher than average molecular distance (0.71 and 0.69, respectively). Results, according to morphological traits used in this study were well suited to assess differences among accessions. Accessions were grouped according to their botanical characters and agronomic use. Genetic distances estimated by molecular marker (SSR) data in comparison with distances estimated by conventional methods (pedigree and morphologic traits) showed higher similarity with genetic distances estimated by morphological data. Results indicated that intercrosses between arvense and sativum accessions as well as inclusion of valuable landraces into breeding programmes might prevent loss of diversity in the Pisum gene pool.
Allegheny Woodrat (Neotoma magister) Food Habits in the Central Appalachians

Abstract Declining Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) populations suggest a need for more basic ecological information about the species for proper management. Within the core of the Allegheny woodrat's distribution in the central Appalachians, food habits and food resource availability are poorly understood. We collected fecal material from known Allegheny woodrats between November 1997 and December 1998 and used microhistological techniques to describe seasonal food habits in the oak (Quercus spp.), dominated forests of the Ridge and Valley and the northern hardwood forests of the Allegheny Plateau physiographic provinces. We examined dietary differences among seasons within and between provinces. Green vegetation, hard mast, soft mast and fungi were present in Allegheny woodrat diets in both provinces in all seasons. Presence of fungi and soft mast in the diet was higher and more widespread seasonally in the Allegheny Plateau than the Ridge and Valley due, in part, to the more mesic forest conditions and more extensive early successional forest habitat in the Allegheny Plateau. Presence of hard mast in the diet tracked acorn production and availability in both provinces in 1997 and 1998. Significant acorn use on the Allegheny Plateau, where oak-dominated forest stands are rare, highlights the importance of hard mast to Allegheny woodrats. Based on food habits we describe, managers seeking to enhance Allegheny woodrat habitat need to provide a mix of habitat conditions containing abundant green vegetation and optimize production and availability of hard mast, soft mast and fungi.
Hybridization and Self-compatibility in Celtis: AFLP Analysis of Controlled Crosses

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. hackberry, sugarberry, Cannabaceae, interspecific hybrids, urban tree breeding ABSTRACT. Artificial cross-pollinations were carried out among seven species of Celtis L. (C. bungeana Blume, C. koraiensis Nakai, C. laevigata Willd., C. occidentalis L., C. reticulata Torr., C. sinensis Pers., and C. tenuifolia Nutt.) to test the potential for interspecific hybridization in Celtis breeding. AFLP profiles were used to assess the ancestry of progeny. Hybrids formed very rarely among these seven species of Celtis: only two interspecific hybrids were obtained. Self-pollination occurred occasionally in non-emasculated trees. AFLP analysis yielded false paternal markersataverylowfrequency,likelyduetoDNAmethylationdifferences.Plantswithunexpectedpaternalmarkers were confidently distinguished from hybrids by calculating the probability of obtaining the observed number of paternal markers by chance. The study clearly demonstrated the importance of using large numbers of markers. The genus Celtis (hackberries and sugarberries) is a group of trees with much promise for horticulture. Some of the American species, especially Celtis occidentalis and Celtis reticulata, are fast-growing trees with great tolerance to heat, cold, drought, periodic flooding, rapid changes in temperature and moisture, and a variety of soil types, making them very useful trees for arid or semi-arid regions with extreme temperature fluctuations (especially the western Great Plains and intermountain western United States) and promising for difficult urban habitats (Dirr, 1998; Krajicek, 1965; Krajicek and Williams, 1990). Celtis species often are recommended for attracting wildlife because the fruits are eaten by many bird species. Use of hackberries as landscape trees has been limited by susceptibility to several pathogens. Hackberries are susceptible to witches' brooms (incited by a mite (Eriophyes Siebold) and a powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca phytoptophila Kellerm. & Swingle)) and leaf galls (incited by a species of the hemipteran genus Pachypsylla Riley). Although these pathogens do not harm the plant, they can seriously disfigure it (Dirr, 1998; Elias, 1970). Several Celtis species native to eastern Asia are coming into use in American horticulture, and at least some of these Asian species are not susceptible to galls or witches' brooms. These species lack the extreme tolerance to environ- mental stress that is found in native American germplasm, but they are a potential source of disease-resistance genes for tolerant species. Interspecific hybridization experiments have not been car- ried out inCeltis. Species ofCeltis have often been presumed to hybridize based on patterns of variation observed in wild populations (Fernald, 1950; Mitchell, 1988; Wofford and Chester, 2002), but one recent study found no evidence of inter- specific hybridization in wild populations of Celtis laevigata and C. reticulata (Whittemore, 2005). We carried out cross-pollinations among seven Celtis spe-
The Lazarus Effect: Rejuvenation of Leaf-senescent Seedlings in a Rare Grassland Perennial

Abstract Over 75% of the seedlings of the endemic sandplain grassland perennial, northern blazing star (Liatris scariosa var novae-angliae), die within their first growing season. During a study of the reproductive ecology of this rare plant, we found 17 seedlings whose leaves had become completely desiccated and brown and were classified as dead. Upon subsequent inspection, we discovered that these seedlings had developed a new shoot with green leaves. We have called this rejuvenation “the Lazarus effect. ” These seedlings became dormant by late June, which coincided with extended periods of drought, and were senescent for periods of 4–10+ wk. Rejuvenation of leaf-senescent seedlings occurred in late July and August, coincident with periods of increased precipitation. Survivorship of “Lazarus” seedlings to their second summer (9 of 17, 53%) was similar to survivorship of “normal” seedlings (≈58%) which did not senesce. Thus, becoming senescent did not have undue costs to survivorship.
Genetic diversity in white jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq.) based on AFLP markers

An amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) technique was applied to estimate the genetic diversity in four populations of white jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) from different islands of Indonesia. The highest genetic diversity was detected in the Kapuas population (He = 0.3339, I = 0.4894), followed by Pomalaa (He = 0.2270, I = 0.3394) and Nusa Kambangan populations (He = 0.1940, I = 0.2904), while the lowest genetic diversity was measured in the Kampar population (He = 0.1489, I = 0.2278). Analysis of population structure revealed that genetic diversity within populations (Hs = 0.2260) represented 73% of the total genetic diversity (Ht = 0.3098). The proportion of the total genetic diversity that was attributed to the population differentiation was high ( Gst =0.2707). The geographic distances are not significantly correlated with the genetic distance between the populations of white jabon studied. Cluster analysis placed most accessions from the Kapuas population in a separate cluster from the accessions from the other populations. We conclude that the genetic variability of the studied white jabon accessions is structured according to the origin and that the greater number of populations should be sampled to increase the genetic diversity for genetic conservation and tree improvement program.
Non-cell metastasis of malignant tumor: A preliminary experiment

The present study aimed to investigate the non-cell metastasis of malignant tumor (metastasis at the molecular level). Primers for the specific SPY gene of male mouse were designed and used to detect the SPY gene in the Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells by PCR; LLC cells were inoculated into females C57BL/6 mice. H and E staining was performed to detect the subcutaneous primary tumor and metastatic tumors in the lungs and liver, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and In situ hybridization (ISH) were employed to detect the sex determining region of the Y (SRY) gene in the primary and metastatic tumors. After inoculation of LLC cells carrying SRY gene into female C57BL/6 mice, the SRY gene was detectable in the metastatic tumor in these female mice, which suggests the metastatic cancer cells originate from the primary tumor. Our results demonstrated the metastasis of cancer cells at the cellular level but not the non-cell metastasis. It is very difficult to verify the "hypothesis of non-cell metastasis" by animal experiment for the limit of itself. Further studies with new strategies are required to elucidate our hypothesis due to the presence of limitations in the present study.
LATITUDINAL VARIATION IN LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS IN EURASIAN PERCH

Few studies have examined multiple life-history traits across a latitudinal gradient to test whether variation in growth rate and mortality schedules induces trends predicted by life-history theory. We collected data for the following life-history traits for 75 Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) populations: growth coefficient (K) and asymptotic body length (L∞) from the von Bertalanffy growth model, size at ages one and two years, specific juvenile growth rate, instantaneous adult and juvenile mortality rates, life span, age and length at maturity, and reproductive life span and investment. All life-history traits except L∞ were significantly correlated with latitude. In general, growth rates, mortality rates, and reproductive investment decreased with latitude, whereas age at maturity, size at maturity, and life span increased with latitude. Populations could be grouped into two categories based on variation in L∞: stunted (small sized) vs. piscivorous (large sized). Four trait–latitude relationships di.
The RAINFOR database: monitoring forest biomass and dynamics

Abstract Problem: Data from over 100 permanent sample plots which have been studied for 10–20 years need a suitable system for storage which allows simple data manipulation and retrieval for analysis. Methods: A relational database linking tree records, taxonomic nomenclature and corresponding environmental data has been built in MS Access as part of the RAINFOR project. Conclusion: The database allows flexible and long-term use of a large amount of data: more than 100 tree plots across Amazonia, incorporating over 80 000 records of individual trees and over 300 000 total records of tree diameter measurements from successive censuses. The database is designed to enable linkages to existing soil, floristic or plant-trait databases. This database will be a useful tool for exploring the impact of environmental factors on forest structure and dynamics at local to continental scales, and long term changes in forest ecology. As an early example of its potential, we explore the impact of different methodological assumptions on estimates of tropical forest biomass and carbon storage.
Influence of Dietary Supplementation of Antibiotic and Probiotic on Rumen Fermentation in Crossbred Bullocks

Three rumen fistulated bullocks fed on three concentrate mixture i.e. T1 (Control), T2 (Antibiotic Kanamycin @ 20ppm/day) and T3 (Probiotic: Biovet YC @ 7g/kg) were tested in a Latin Square Switch Over Design on in vivo rumen fermentation. There was no change in ruminal pH due to supplementation of Kanamycin, whereas pH was increased significantly (P < 0.05) in group T3. The TVFA concentration increased significantly (P< 0.05) in groups T2 and T3 than in group T4. Total-N and TCA-ppt-N concentration increased significantly (P<0.05) in groups T2 and T3 than in group T1. Antibiotic and probiotic both altered rumen microbial population to improve fermentation efficiency.