Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crystallization behavior of blends of high‐density polyethylene with novel linear low‐density polyethylene

Blends of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with novel linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) samples in the whole range of compositions were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The LLDPEs are ethylene/octene-1 copolymers prepared with a single-site catalyst, with a narrower distribution of branches compared to Ziegler-Natta type polymers. It was found that cocrystallization or separate crystallization in the blends profoundly depends on the content of branches in the LLDPE, while the critical branch content of the novel LLDPE for separate crystallization is much lower than that of commercial LLDPE (prepared with Ziegler-Natta catalysts). This implies that the miscibility of linear and branched polyethylene is also affected by the distribution of branches. The marked expansion of the unit cell in cocrystals, which are formed by HDPE with the novel LLDPE, indicates that the branches are included in the crystal lattice during the cocrystallization process. The result is very helpful to understand the phenomenon that the unit cell dimensions of commercial branched polyethylene are larger than those of linear polyethylene.
Destruction of Chlorinated Phenols by Dioxygen Activation under Aqueous Room Temperature and Pressure Conditions

The complete destruction of separate mixtures of 1.1 mM 4-chlorophenol (aqueous) and 0.61 mM pentachlorophenol (aqueous slurry) take place in the presence of 0.5 g of iron particles in 10 mL of 0.32 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) under ambient air under room temperature conditions. Under this reaction condition, the time required to reach complete disappearance to the detection limit of GC-FID for each compound was 4 h for 4-chlorophenol and 70 h for pentachlorophenol. Electrospray ionization mass spectral (ESI-MS) analysis of the 4-chlorophenol reaction mixture after its complete disappearance indicated non-chlorinated, primarily low molecular weight products; however, Cl- from 4-chlorophenol was not detected due to adsorption onto the iron or its corrosion products. Radical trap and control experiments suggest that the mechanism for destruction initiates with dioxygen activation, leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ultimately ring opening of the phenolic compounds. T.
Quantum beat spectroscopy in chemistry

Quantum beat spectroscopy is a Doppler-free time domain method based on the creation of molecular coherences with a laser pulse and the measurement of their subsequent time evolution. Fourier transformation of the time evolution allows a spectrum in the frequency domain with lifetime- limited resolution to be recovered. This article gives an account of the technique applied in high resolution mode which allows the study of isolated molecules, radicals and complexes in extensive detail and with great accuracy.
Potential energy surfaces near intersections

The topographies of two potential energy surfaces are examined in the vicinity of their intersection. A brief account of the basic theory is given and the possible surface types are discussed explicitly. Two main patterns are found. One of these (‘‘peaked’’) has the character of a tilted double cone in that the lower (upper) surface decreases (increases) in all directions from the intersection which is a point where an infinite number, in fact, all orthogonal trajectories emanate. The other pattern (‘‘sloped’’) results when both surfaces are monotonically sloped and touch each other along the slope, with most orthogonal trajectories bypassing the intersection. When the latter pattern prevails, the intersection can lie on a steepest descent line which originates at a transition state and hence may qualify as a reaction path model. An intermediate pattern, involving a horizontal slope on both surfaces, is also possible. The topographical patterns also differ markedly with respect to the bunching of the stee.
An interpenetrated system based on a tetrafunctional epoxy resin and a thermosetting bismaleimide: Structure–properties correlation

The kinetics and mechanism of the curing process of a thermosetting blend formed by tetraglycidyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane and N,N′-bismaleimido-4,4′-diphenyl methane (BMI) cured in the presence of 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, was investigated in detail by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Information on the molecular structure of the network formed upon curing was derived. Dynamic-mechanical measurements on dry samples indicated an interpenetrated polymer network-like structure. Sorption measurements at 70°C showed a reduction of the water uptake at equilibrium in the presence of substantial amounts of BMI in the system (43.5% body weight). Finally, the dynamic-mechanical analysis of wet samples demonstrated a reduction of the plasticizing efficiency of the absorbed water in the presence of BMI. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 1029–1042, 1998
Bicontinuous Cubic Block Copolymer Photonic Crystals

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Role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors containing 2B subunits in facilitation of synaptic long-term potentiation in hippocampus in rats with neuropathic pain

Objective To evaluate the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors containing 2B subunits (NR2B) in the facilitation of synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus in rats with neuropathic pain. Methods Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats weighing 180-230 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n= 6 each): sham operation group (group S), S + Ro25-6981 group (group SR), neuropathic pain group (group NP) and NP+ Ro25-6981 group (group NR). The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pontobarbital 50 mg/kg. Neuropathic pain was produced by ligation of the left L4.5 spinal nerve. In group S, the left L4,5 spinal nerve were exposed but not ligated. The behaviour of the rats was evaluated. The pain threshold was measured by electric stimulation. The animals were placed in a special box with a floor made up of 18 steel bars of 0.5 cm in diameter at intervals of 1.2 cm, through which electric stimulation was induced. The intensity of electric stimulation was increased from 0.1 mA to 0.8 mA step by step until the animals screamed and lifted their hind limbs. The stimulation was repeated 6 times. The mean value was taken as pain threshold. Pain threshold was measured at 7, 14 and 21 d after surgery. The excitatory post-synaptic potential (ElXSl)) in hippocampul CA1 region was measured at 3 d after the last measurement of pain threshold. The animals were anesthetized and a hole was drilled in the skull. The recording electrodes were inserted into hippoeampal CAI region using stereotaxic technology. The changes in EPSP and input/output curve and LTP of the CA1 stralum radiatum were observed using stereutaxic technology and extracellular recordiug respectively. Results The pain threshold was significantly lower in group NP and NR, and the amplitude of LTP was significantly higher in group NP than in group S and SR (P 0.05). The amplitude of LTP was significantly lower in group NR than in group NP (P < 0.05) . Conclusion The facilitation of LTP in the hippocampus in rats with neuropathic pain may be related to the activation of NR2B. Key words: Neuralgia; Long-term potentiation; Receptors, N-methyI-D-aspartate; Hippocampus
Design of Indirect Heat Recovery Systems with Variable-Temperature Storage for Batch Plants

This article aims to propose an iterative method for designing an indirect heat recovery system including the associated variable-temperature storage in a batch plant. A recirculated heat transfer medium (HTM) is applied to absorb surplus heat load from hot process streams and temporarily reserved in storage tanks, where the accumulated energy is then released to later cold process streams by exchanging heat with HTM. This work is a direct extension of one recent article where the restraint of constant temperature for HTM in each storage tank is relaxed to magnify the heat recovery potential. The design problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) based on proposed superstructures. A novel iterative solution strategy for setting the variable temperatures of HTM in storage is provided by linking the network optimization tool (a GAMS program) and the streams temperature simulation software (a MATLAB program). One numerical example is explored to demonstrate the applicability of the pro.
Aplicação experimental de um modelo de conduta de inspeção sanitária no comércio varejista de alimentos

The aim of this research was to apply a diagnostic procedure and a model of sanitary inspection in food establishments in the city of Ibiuna, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Results were analyzed in order to achieve sanitary surveillance goals. The work was developed during six months in 19 retail food establishments such as bakeries, restaurants, and butcheries. Firstly, the establishment situation was diagnosed; irregularities were verified according to hygienic-sanitary conditions. An average 64 points was obtained. The next step included new and frequent sanitary surveillance team visits to those establishments in order to verify their sanitary quality adequacies. Inspection guides were used and detailed reports were prepared for the establishment owners. Those who handled food were trained in basic food hygiene. Results indicate that after 3 inspection visits to each establishment, 100% of them presented satisfactory results with 90 point average. This sanitary inspection model is considered useful to promote food safety.
Energy and Mass Flow Computation in Biomass Combustion Systems

ABSTRACT A computational technique which utilizes biomass ultimate analysis, gross heat of combustion from a bomb calorimeter, and moisture content was developed for balancing an empirical chemical equation and calculating the combustion temperature and exhaust composition. A simple equation for relating the net heat of combustion of a biomass to moisture content was developed. A sample calculation is presented.
Statistical shape analysis and Kansei Engineering: Unveiling complex relations between shapes and Kansei

: Kansei Engineering is a method used to convert a customer's ambiguous images of products into a detailed design. Kansei is a Japanese word for feeling or impression. Kansei Engineering provides product designers a basis of design with associations between customers’ feelings and corresponding concrete designs. Procedures consist of a psychological evaluation, multivariate analysis and various computer techniques such as 3D CG and VR. In this paper, we describe the method for focusing on product shapes concerning customers’ Kansei, to avoid confusing effects on Kansei caused by other properties such as sizes, orientations, colors, textures, and so on. We standardized the shapes of sample products and made them into statistical values with morphometric methods. This preprocessing of the shape let us build mathematical models of shape space and relations between shapes and Kansei based on the results of customers Kansei evaluations. Then, statistical analyses that are frequently used in Kansei Engineering, e.g., cluster analysis and principal component analysis, followed to reveal the characteristics of shape samples associated with specific Kansei and semantic space of Kansei expressed for the products. Here, we described the proposed analysis method on headlights of passenger cars and present the resulting associations between concrete shapes and Kansei evaluation.
Co-electro-deposition of the MnO2–PEDOT:PSS nanostructured composite for high areal mass, flexible asymmetric supercapacitor devices

To meet the rapidly growing demand, it is necessary to develop novel flexible energy storage devices with a high energy density in a limited area, a fast charging ability, a low cost for mass production and a miniaturized device size. To address the above issues, here we introduce the co-electro-deposition strategy, which is able to prepare an electrode material with a high areal capacitance (1670 mF cm−2 at 0.5 mA cm−2), a high areal mass (8.5 mg cm−2), an excellent mechanical robustness, a high through-put and great convenience even on a piece of a ubiquitous stainless steel mesh current collector. Based on this advancement, we are able to obtain an ultrathin (less than 200 μm) aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor device with a high energy density (1.8 × 10−3 W h cm−3), a high power density (0.38 W cm−3 at 3.62 × 10−4 W h cm−3) and an excellent rate capability. This energy storage device is integrated into a prototype smart card to drive a light emitting diode (LED) indicator, which is charged for 5 seconds and can light up the indicator for more than 2 hours, demonstrating great promise in miniaturized novel flexible energy storage devices.
Modulation Broadening of Unsaturated Lorentzian Lines

Closed, analytic expressions are obtained for the harmonic amplitudes which arise in the modulation of unsaturated Lorentzian absorption lines. Exact formulas relating characteristics of the observed signals (amplitude, width, slope ratios, etc.) to the true half‐width for arbitrary modulation amplitude are derived. The results of greatest experimental interest are graphed.
Scanning electrochemical microscopy as a probe of local fluid flow through porous solids

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is shown to be a powerful technique for imaging the rate of fluid flow through porous solids. Using a dentine slice (containing tubules of ca. 2 µm diameter) as an example, local fluid flow rates and topography of the sample are sequentially mapped in situ by monitoring the transportlimited current for the electrolysis of a target mediator (oxidation of aqueous hexacyanoferrate(II) as a function of tip position, with and without an applied fluid pressure. It is demonstrated, for the first time, that: (i) rates of fluid flow through dentine vary dramatically at the microscopic level and (ii) the flow rate through a single tubule can be quantified.
Study on properties of the single-phase cubic Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 solid solution

Using nanoparticles of CeO2 and ZrO2 prepared by a chemical precipitation method as starting materials, single-phase cubic Ce0.5Zr0. 5O2 solid solution (c-Ce0.5Zr0.5O2) has been synthesized under 3.1 GPa at 1073 K for the first time. The EPR and XPS measurements show that there exists no Ce3+, in it and that the Ce4+ has not been reduced to Ce3+ after annealing. The transport mechanism is ionic for the c-Ce0.5Zr0. 5O2. The bulk conductivity is the same as that of CeO2, but smaller than that of Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version).
A cryogenic continuously rotating half-wave plate for the POLARBEAR-2b cosmic microwave background receiver

We present the design and laboratory evaluation of a cryogenic continuously rotating half-wave plate (CHWP) for the POLARBEAR-2b (PB-2b) cosmic microwave background (CMB) receiver, the second installment of the Simons Array. PB-2b will observe at 5,200 m elevation in the Atacama Desert of Chile in two frequency bands centered at 90 and 150 GHz. In order to suppress atmospheric 1/f noise and mitigate systematic effects that arise when differencing orthogonal detectors, PB-2b modulates linear sky polarization using a CHWP rotating at 2 Hz. The CHWP has a 440 mm clear aperture diameter and is cooled to $\approx$ 50 K in the PB-2b receiver cryostat. It consists of a low-friction superconducting magnetic bearing (SMB) and a low-torque synchronous electromagnetic motor, which together dissipate < 2 W. During cooldown, a grip-and-release mechanism centers the rotor to < 0.5 mm, and during continuous rotation, an incremental optical encoder measures the rotor angle with a noise level of 0.1 $\mathrm{\mu rad / \sqrt{Hz}}$. We discuss the experimental requirements for the PB-2b CHWP, the designs of its various subsystems, and the results of its evaluation in the laboratory. The presented CHWP has been deployed to Chile and is expected to see first light on PB-2b in 2020 or 2021.
The Role of Capillarity in the VAPEX Process

Abstract The vapor extraction (VAPEX) process warrants the oil industry attention because of its applicability to recover viscous oil in the cases when steam assisted gravity drainage fails due to the presence of bottom water aquifer, low heat conductivity, thin pay zone, and excessive heat losses to the adjacent formations. Dilution of heavy oil and thus lowering the viscosity, density, interfacial tension, and capillary pressure is regarded as the basic mechanism of the VAPEX process. Although researchers have studied many influencing factors on oil recovery in VAPEX, the effect of capillary pressure has never been studied or understood completely. The objective of this study is to explore the effects of capillary pressure in the VAPEX process by combining experimental results with simulation studies. Extensive experimental studies are conducted in a rectangular transparent visual cell. Grain size distribution and model height are kept constant, while the viscosity of the targeted oil is varied. Capillary pressure and relative permeability data are obtained from flooding experiments to utilize in the simulator. Analysis of results reveals that capillary pressure acts in favor of the VAPEX process by shaping up the vapor chamber, reducing free gas production and also increasing drainage rate by increasing the effective contact area for molecular diffusion.
Review of Flow through Porous Media as Applied to Head Loss in Water Filters

This article reviews the development of our understanding of flow through porous media with a focus on understanding the clean-bed head loss in water filters. A model of the Forchheimer form is developed by typing existing empirical models to current hydrodynamic theory, and constants are developed for three filter media: glass beads, crushed silica sand, and crushed anthracite coal. Suggestions are made for future research that would improve our understanding.
Assessment of blood and oxygen delivery to flaps of rhesus using near infrared steady-state spectroscopy

Near infrared spectroscopy has been considered as a potentially ideal noninvasive technique for the postoperative monitoring of plastic surgery. In this study, 6 flaps were raised on rhesus monkeys’ forearms. Blood and oxygen delivery to these flaps was monitored following vascular occlusions and inhalation of pure oxygen. Optical fibers were adopted in the probe of the oximeter so that the cutaneous detection could be performed in reflectance mode. Different and repeatable patterns of changes were measured following vascular occlusions on flaps. It is clear that the near infrared spectroscopy is capable of postoperatively monitoring vascular problems in flaps, especially the venous problem. Near infrared spectroscopy showed high sensitivity to detect the dynamic changes in flaps induced by inhalation of pure oxygen in this study. The experimental results indicated that it was potential to assess tissue viability utilizing the dynamic changes induced by some noninvasive stimulation (such as inhaling pure oxygen). It may be a new assessing method that is rapid, little influenced by other factors and less inconvenient to patients.
Improvement of a system for treating land-based fish-farm effluents

To improve the performance of a ponds system designed to treat land-based fish farm effluent and reduce nutrient release into the final water body, a series of modifications were implemented in 2003 to improve water circulation in the ponds and increase exchange between substrate and the water column. Special attention was dedicated to optimising the administration of fish-feed. The consequence was a slight improvement in environmental conditions, as indicated by comparison of levels of different variables (pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrates plus nitrites) between 2004 and 1999, before the modifications were made. In March 2004, two species of anemones, Anthopleura ballii and Cereus pedunculatus, were observed for the first time in the last two ponds. Estimates carried out between June and July 2004 showed a density of 100 and 200 individuals per square metre and a total biomass of about 700 kg wet weight. Although A. ballii is very tolerant of organic pollution, the presence of the two anemones could be interpreted as a sign of improved environmental conditions in the treatment system, as they represented energy flow towards higher levels of the food chain, suggesting that water recycling and rearing of saleable organisms in the treatment ponds are possibilities.
The distributions of atoms and magnetic moment in an antiferromagnetic γ-MnNi single crystal

The nuclear and magnetic scattering from a 73 at. % gamma -MnNi single crystal has been measured along the (100), (110) and (111) crystal directions using neutron polarisation analysis at 4.2K. The nuclear scattering is consistent with the presence of atomic short-range ordering significant only for the first few neighbours with nickel atoms tending to prefer a manganese-rich atomic environment. The magnetic scattering, due to spatial fluctuations of moments, if analysed using a superposing defect model centred on nickel atoms, indicates a defect radius of approximately 6 AA. The nickel moment is (0.1+or-0.1) mu B. Along the (100) crystal direction there is an excess contribution to the magnetic diffuse scattering which is thought to be due to static transverse moment fluctuations.
Ozonation Enhancement with Nonpolar Bonded Alumina Phases

ABSTRACT This article presents the results obtained for humic acid (HA) degradation in drinking water by means of an ozonation process in the presence of a nonpolar bonded alumina phase. It was observed that (perflurooctylalumina) (PFOA) is characterized by its high adsorption capacity toward HA. The adsorption properties of bare alumina and alumina modified with perfluorooctanoic acid appeared to differ significantly toward the various organic substances examined. The ozonation process carried out in the presence of PFOA was found to be more efficient for the removal of HA from water than the other two examined ozonation systems: ozonation alone and ozonation in the presence of bare alumina; however, a catalytic activity of bare alumina cannot be denied. The effect of by-products formation and changes in the molecular size distribution of HA were studied in the case of all three examined ozonation systems. The influence of catalyst dosage and ozonation time was also investigated.