Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intervals longer than 20 weeks from breast-conserving surgery to radiation therapy are associated with inferior outcome for women with early-stage breast cancer who are not receiving chemotherapy.

PURPOSE To determine the interval from breast-conserving surgery (BCS) to radiation therapy (RT) that affects local control or survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS The 10-year Kaplan-Meier (KM) local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS), and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were computed for 6,428 women who had T1 to 2, N0 to 1, M0 breast cancer that was diagnosed in British Columbia between 1989 and 2003, and who were treated with BCS and RT without chemotherapy. Intervals from BCS to RT were grouped by weeks as follows: < or = 4 (n = 83), greater than 4 to 8 (n = 2,288; reference group); greater than 8 to 12 (n = 2,606); greater than 12 to 16 (n = 961); greater than 16 to 20 (n = 358); and greater than 20 weeks (n = 132). Cox proportional hazards models and matching were used to control for confounding variables. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 7.5 years. The 10-year KM outcomes were as follows: LRFS, 95.4%; DRFS, 90.5%; and BCSS, 92.5%. Compared with the greater than 4 to 8 weeks group, hazard ratios (HR) were not significantly different for any outcome among patients who were treated up to 20 weeks after BCS. However, LRFS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.00; P = .15), DRFS (HR, 1.86; P = .02) and BCSS (HR, 2.15; P = .009) were inferior for women with BCS-to-RT intervals greater than 20 weeks compared with those greater than 4 to 8 weeks. The matched analysis yielded similar results. CONCLUSION Outcomes were statistically similar for BCS-to-RT intervals up to 20 weeks, but they were inferior for intervals beyond 20 weeks. Time can be reasonably allowed for the breast to heal and for patients to consider treatment options, but RT should start within 20 weeks of BCS.
The anatomy and histology of the inferior glenohumeral ligament complex of the shoulder

The gross and histologic anatomy of the inferior glenohumeral ligament was studied in 11 fresh frozen cadaver shoulders. Arthroscopic observations of the joint capsule through the normal range of motion re vealed that the inferior glenohumeral ligament is actually a complex of structures consisting of an anterior band, a posterior band, and an interposed axillary pouch. While these components of the inferior glenohumeral ligament complex were present in all 11 specimens, they were best demonstrated in some shoulders by placing the humeral head in internal or external rotation in varying degrees of abduction. Histologic examination of the joint capsule revealed that the anterior and posterior bands of the inferior glenohumeral ligament complex were readily identifiable as distinct structures comprised of thickened bands of well-organized colla gen bundles. Although slight variations were noted in the attach ment sites of the anterior and posterior bands to the glenoid, the inferior glenohumeral ligament complex was observed to attach to the humeral neck in one of two distinct configurations. A collar-like attachment, in which the entire inferior glenohumeral ligament complex attaches just inferior to the articular edge of the humeral head, was observed in six specimens. In the remaining five specimens, the attachment was in the shape of a "V," with the anterior and posterior bands attaching adjacent to the articular edge of the humeral head and the axillary pouch attaching at the apex of the "V" distal to the articular edge. The orientation and design of the inferior glenohu meral ligament complex supports the functional con cept of this single structure as an important anterior and posterior stabilizer of the shoulder joint.
Effect of Wood Vinegar on the Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Intestinal Microflora in Weanling Pigs

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the feeding value of wood vinegar in weanling pigs. In Experiment 1, weanling pigs (n = 224; LandracexYorkshirexDuroc, 21±3 d-old, initial BW 6.12±0.10 kg) were assigned to four dietary treatments. Different levels of wood vinegar were added to the diets as dietary treatments (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3%). Each treatment comprised 4 replicates with 14 piglets in each. Experimental feeding was conducted for 28 d in two phases (phase I, d 0 to 14 and phase II, d 15 to 28). Feeding of wood vinegar linearly (p<0.05) improved the phase I, phase II and overall ADG and increased (linear, p<0.05) the overall and phase II ADFI. Linear improvements in the apparent fecal digestibility of dry matter (p = 0.013), gross energy (p = 0.019) and crude protein (p = 0.033) were observed as the level of wood vinegar was increased in the diet of pigs. Experiment 2 was conducted to compare dietary wood vinegar with commonly used growth promoters, organic acid (mixture of 21% phosphoric acid, 3.25% propionic acid, 2.8% formic acid, 10% calcium formate and 5% calcium propionate) and antibiotic (aparamycin). A total of 288 weanling piglets (LandracexYorkshirexDuroc, 22±2 d-old, initial BW 6.62±0.31 kg) were assigned to four treatments with four replicates (18 piglets/pen) for 28 days and fed in 2 phases: phase I, d 0 to 14 and phase II, d 15 to 28. The dietary treatments were control (corn-soybean meal basal diet without antibiotics) and diets containing 0.2% antibiotic, 0.2% organic acid and 0.2% wood vinegar. Pigs fed antibiotic showed higher (p<0.001) ADG and better feed efficiency followed by pigs fed wood vinegar and organic acid diets while those fed the control diet had lowest ADG and poorest feed efficiency. The overall and phase I ADFI was highest (p<0.001) in pigs fed wood vinegar and lowest in pigs fed the control diet. Apparent fecal digestibility of dry matter, gross energy and crude protein was significantly higher (p<0.05) in pigs fed the antibiotic diet when compared with pigs fed the control but comparable among pigs fed antibiotic, organic acid and wood vinegar diets. Higher populations of Lactobacillus (p = 0.004) were noted in the ileum of pigs fed the wood vinegar diet, while the population of coliforms in the ileum and cecum was higher (p<0.001) in pigs fed the control diet when compared with pigs fed antibiotic, organic acid or wood vinegar diets. These results indicated that wood vinegar could improve the performance of weanling pigs by improving the nutrient digestibility and reducing harmful intestinal coliforms; moreover performance of pigs fed wood vinegar was superior to those fed organic acid.
Surface Potential Based poly-Si Thin-Film Transistor Model for SPICE

This paper presents a surface potential based poly-Si thin-film transistor (SPT) model for SPICE which is formulated with both surface and grain boundary (GB) potentials calculated by Poisson equations. The drain current model includes GB induced mobility modulation, hot carrier effect, gate induced drain leakage, and trap dependent thermal leakage. The capacitance model is derived from physically partitioned charges. The SPT model has succeeded in simulating device performances with good accuracy
Biological Variation of Thromboelastography Variables in Ten Healthy Female Horses

Human recombinant tissue factor (TF) can be used to activate viscoelastic coagulation assays, including TEG. Although the package insert of a commonly used product indicates that TF should not be frozen, published data supporting or refuting this claim are not available. Ability to store frozen aliquots of TF would increase laboratory efficiency and decrease costs associated with performing TF-activated assays. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of freezing and storage time on TF’s ability to activate commercially available quality control material measured using TEG. In order to accomplish this, TF was diluted and frozen at -20°C and -70°C for 0 hours, 72 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 months and 6 months and its ability to activate control material was assessed. TF activation of control material was also assessed after TF aliquots were held at room temperature for 0, 24 and 48 hours. Four TEG variables, R, K, alpha and MA were measured, and ANOVA used to identify differences. We found no significant differences in mean angle and MA regardless of storage time or temperature. While mean values for R were not significantly increased at any time point when stored at room temperature or -70°C, significant increases in mean R were
Overexpression and elevated serum levels of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a common malignancy with a very low 5‐year survival rate. Currently, there are no valid markers for early detection and targets for therapy. Here, we used 2‐DE to analyze the protein profiles of eight PDAC specimens and paired adjacent nontumor tissues. MS was used to identify 15 protein spots that were found to be overexpressed in PDAC tissues versus adjacent controls. One of them was identified as phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) 1, a secretable glycolytic enzyme known to participate in angiogenesis. Immunohistochemical analysis of 63 PDAC specimens revealed moderate to strong expression of PGK1 in >70% of the tumors. Further Western blotting analysis of cells from tumor and adjacent nontumor tissues obtained by laser capture microdissection confirmed the enhanced expression of PGK1 in tumor cells. Furthermore, the serum levels of PGK1 were significantly higher in PDAC patients (n = 21) than in the control group (n = 25) (p < 0.005), as determined by ELISA. These observations indicate that protein profile analysis using a combination of 2‐DE and MS provides an effective strategy for identifying biomarkers that may have diagnostic potential for PDAC, and identify PGK1 as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target for PDAC.
Predictors of Pain and/or Fever at 3 to 7 Days for Children With Acute Otitis Media Not Treated Initially With Antibiotics: A Meta-analysis of Individual Patient Data

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to determine the predictors of a prolonged course for children with acute otitis media. METHODS. A meta-analysis of data with the observation groups of 6 randomized, controlled trials was performed. Participants were 824 children, 6 months to 12 years of age, with acute otitis media. The primary outcome was a prolonged course of acute otitis media, which was defined as fever and/or pain at 3 to 7 days. RESULTS. Of the 824 included children, 303 had pain and/or fever at 3 to 7 days. Independent predictors of a prolonged course were age of <2 years and bilateral acute otitis media. The absolute risk of pain and/or fever at 3 to 7 days for children <2 years of age with bilateral acute otitis media (20% of all children) was 55%, and that for children ≥2 years of age with unilateral acute otitis media (47% of all children) was 25%. CONCLUSIONS. The risk of a prolonged course was 2 times higher for children <2 years of age with bilateral acute otitis media than for children ≥2 years of age with unilateral acute otitis media. Clinicians can use these features (ie, age of <2 years and bilateral acute otitis media) to inform parents more explicitly about the expected course of their child's otitis media and to explain which features should prompt parents to contact their clinician for reexamination of the child.
Control of Dendritic Arborization by the Phosphoinositide-3′-Kinase–Akt–Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway

The molecular mechanisms that determine the size and complexity of the neuronal dendritic tree are unclear. Here, we show that the phosphoinositide-3′ kinase (PI3K)–Akt–mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway promotes the growth and branching of dendrites in cultured hippocampal neurons. Constitutively active mutants of Ras, PI3K, and Akt, or RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown of lipid phosphatase PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome Ten), induced growth and elaboration of dendrites that was blocked by mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and/or by overexpression of eIF-4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), which inhibits translation of 5′ capped mRNAs. The effect of PI3K on dendrites was lost in more mature neurons (>14 d in vitro). Dendritic complexity was reduced by inhibition of PI3K and by RNAi knockdown of mTOR or p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K, an effector of mTOR). A rapamycin-resistant mutant of mTOR “rescued” the morphogenetic effects of PI3K in the presence of rapamycin. By regulating global and/or local protein translation, and as a convergence point for multiple signaling pathways, mTOR could play a central role in the control of dendrite growth and branching during development and in response to activity.
Fusion based object detection

Fusion based object detection method presented herein combines local and global features for object detection. The cluster based part detection facilitates adequate representation for the individual local parts of an image that carry the significant features of the object. The chain code is used for deriving the local and global information. The genetic algorithm is used to combine all the local and global features. The algorithm is tested on a set of real-world images which contain side views of cars and found to yield very good results with no false alarm within the data base that was used for testing.
Randomized placebo-controlled field study of the effects of bright light and melatonin in adaptation to night work.

OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effects of bright light and melatonin on adaptation to night work on an oil rig in the North Sea. METHODS Seventeen persons working a schedule of 2 weeks on a 12-hour shift, with the first week on night shift and the second week on day shift (ie, the swing shift schedule) participated. In a randomized controlled crossover design, the shift workers received a placebo, melatonin (3 mg, 1 hour before bedtime), or bright light (30-minute exposure, individually scheduled) during the first 4 days on the night shift and during the first 4 days on the day shift. Subjective and objective measures of sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale and a simple serial reaction-time test) and sleep (diary and actigraphy) were recorded. RESULTS Subjective measures indicated that melatonin modestly reduced sleepiness at work during the day shift and increased sleep by 15-20 minutes per day. Bright light gave values in between those of melatonin and the placebo, but with few significant results. According to the objective measures, bright light improved sleep to a minor degree during the night shift. Hardly any side-effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin and bright light modestly improved sleep and sleepiness in this field study. In well-controlled simulated nightwork studies, both melatonin and bright light are more effective in alleviating sleepiness and sleep problems. The less effect in this field study may be due to competing or conflicting factors present in real life or to an inoptimal timing and duration of the treatments.
Seasonal Variation in Suicidal Deaths by Each Method

The seasonal variation in suicidal deaths has well been documented (Lester, 1972), with peaks in the Fall and in the Spring. The present paper reports the seasonal variation in suicide by those using different methods, employing data published for the whole of the USA. Data on the monthly distribution of suicides were obtained from the Vital Statistics of the United States for 1970 for suicides by all methods and separately for suicide by solid and liquid substances, gases, hanging strangulation and suffocation, firearms and explosives, and "other" methods. The monthly distributions of suicides by each method were significantly different from chance expectations. The distributions for each method of suicide were, in addition, different from one another. To identify reliable differences in the distributions by each method of suicide, the monthly distributions of suicides by each method were examined for 1971 and 1972 also. Several consistencies were noted. Suicide in General: In all three years, the monthly distribution of all suicides had peaks in April and May. Suiczdes By solid^ And Liqgids: In all three years, the monthly distribution of suicides by solids and liquids had peaks in April and May and in September. Suicide By Gases: In all three years, the monthly distribution of suicides by gases had peaks in February/ March and in October. Suicides By Hanging, St~angulatioiz and Sujf ocatio? ~: In all three years, the monthly distribution of suicides by hanging, strangulation and suffocation had a peak in April, May, and June. Sz~icide By Firea.rms And Explosives: In the three years studied, the monthly distribution of suicides by firearms and explosives peaked in March, April, and May, but less consistently. Each of these three months was a peak month in two of the three years studied. Suicide By Other Methods: In all three years, the monthly distribution of suicides by other methods had a peak in June. Thus, a seasonal variation was found for all methods of suicide in the USA. Most methods had a Spring peak, but only suicides by poisons had an Autumn peak. Suicides by "other methods" (including drowning and jumping) peaked in the summer.
INFLUENCE OF RESTRICTED KNEE MOTION DURING THE FLAT FIRST SERVE IN TENNIS

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of restricted knee motion during the serve in tennis players of different performance levels. Thirty subjects distributed in 3 groups (beginner, B; intermediate, I; elite, E) performed 15 flat first serves with normal (normal serve, SN) and restricted (restricted serve, SR) knee motion. In SR, the legs were kept outstretched by splints with a knee joint angle fixed at 10° (0° fully extended) to prevent any knee flexion/ extension. Vertical maximum ground reaction forces (Fzmax), ball impact location (Limpact), and ball speed (Sball) were measured with force platform, video analysis, and radar, respectively. Fzmax,Limpact, and Sball were higher (p < 0.001) in SN than in SR. Sball was significantly (p < 0.001) dependent on performance level, with higher values recorded in E than in B or I. From SR to SN, increase in Limpact was greater (p < 0.01) in E than in other groups and increases in Fzmax and Sball were correlated (r = 0.69, p < 0.01) in E only. Knee motion is a significant contributor to serving effectiveness whatever the performance level. Skilled players perform faster serves than their less skilled counterparts, and this is partly related to a more forceful lower limb drive.
Encapsulation of Parallelism and Architecture-Independence in Extensible Database Query Execution

Emerging database application domains demand not only high functionality, but also high performance. To satisfy these two requirements, the Volcano query execution engine combines the efficient use of parallelism on a wide variety of computer architectures with an extensible set of query processing operators that can be nested into arbitrarily complex query evaluation plans. Volcano's novel exchange operator permits designing, developing, debugging, and tuning data manipulation operators in single-process environments but executing them in various forms of parallelism. The exchange operator shields the data manipulation operators from all parallelism issues. The design and implementation of the generalized exchange operator are examined. The authors justify their decision to support hierarchical architectures and argue that the exchange operator offers a significant advantage for development and maintenance of database query processing software. They discuss the integration of bit vector filtering into the exchange operator paradigm with only minor modifications. >
Expression and localization of protein inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

In skeletal muscle fibers, nitric oxide is synthesized by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), which normally associates with the dystrophin complex in close proximity to the sarcolemma. Many reports have documented that very low levels of nNOS protein exist in muscle fibers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients. In this study we investigated the functional significance of PIN (protein inhibitor of nNOS) in targeting of nNOS to the sarcolemma and the association between nNOS and the dystrophin complex in normal and dystrophic muscle fibers. Northern blotting for PIN mRNA in normal mouse muscles and muscles of mdx mice (an animal model of DMD) revealed a significant rise in PIN mRNA in dystrophic muscles compared with normal muscles. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that, in normal mouse muscle fibers, PIN expression was localized at the sarcolemma, peripheral nuclei, and the sarcoplasm. By comparison, PIN protein in muscles from mdx mice was more concentrated around the sarcolemma and central nuclei. The presence of PIN protein expression in muscles from mdx mice was evident despite the significant reduction in nNOS and dystrophin protein expressions in these fibers. In muscle sections of DMD patients, the absence of nNOS protein expression was accompanied by maintained PIN expression. Prominent PIN expression was also detectable in macrophages infiltrating dystrophic muscle fibers both in mdx mice and DMD patients. These results suggest that PIN expression in muscles from mdx mice and DMD patients is controlled by factors different from those involved in the regulation of nNOS and dystrophin. Moreover, our results indicate that PIN is not an integral component of the dystrophin complex inside skeletal muscle fibers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1468–1475, 2001
Structure and phases of the Au(001) surface: In-plane structure.

We present the results of an x-ray-scattering study of the structure and phases of the clean Au(001) surface between room temperature and the bulk melting temperature of 1337 K. These experiments were performed in the glancing-incidence geometry, using an ultrahigh-vacuum apparatus for x-ray surface scattering. Three distinct surface structural phases have been identified. In the high-temperature phase (1170T1337 K), the x-ray-diffraction pattern has the (1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) symmetry of the bulk, consistent with a disordered surface layer. At about T=1170 K there is a reversible phase transition to an incommensurate, distorted-hexagonal structure. Below T=970 K the surface has a rotated, distorted-hexagonal structure in which both the incommensurability and the average rotation angle are weakly temperature dependent. In this phase the line shapes of the hexagonal diffraction peaks show hysteresis, and the length scale over which there exists in-plane order is reduced.
Miniaturized Dual-Band Waveguide Filter Using TM Dielectric-Loaded Dual-Mode Cavities

In this letter a class of very compact dual-band band-pass filters based on TM dual-mode cavities loaded with high permittivity dielectric is presented. Filters consist of cascaded doublets resulting in in-line structures with a high degree of design modularity where each doublet is designed separately. Each doublet provides two poles and two transmission zeros resulting in a filter with an equal number of poles and zeros. Zeros can be placed in both the lower and upper stop-bands as well as between the two pass-bands to increase their insulation. The feasibility of the proposed approach is demonstrated through the design and manufacturing of a 6th order dual-band filter with central frequencies at 4.25 and 4.55 GHz having six transmission zeros.
Cloning and sequencing of Indian Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) interleukin‐3 cDNA

Full‐length cDNA (435 bp) of the interleukin‐3(IL‐3) gene of the Indian water buffalo was amplified by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. This sequence had 96% nucleotide identity and 92% amino acid identity with bovine IL‐3. There are 10 amino acid substitutions in buffalo compared with that of bovine. The amino acid sequence of buffalo IL‐3 also showed very high identity with that of other ruminants, indicating functional cross‐reactivity. Structural homology modelling of buffalo IL‐3 protein with human IL‐3 showed the presence of five helical structures.