Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mammalian herbivores reveal marked genetic divergence among populations of an endangered plant species

Quantitative genetically based traits in dominant and keystone tree species can have extended effects on other biota and also on ecosystem processes. This has direct implications for managed plant systems, where choice of genetic stock in conservation or commercial plantings will affect the ecological and evolutionary trajectory of the associated biotic communities. Hence an understanding of genetic variation in quantitative traits, especially those that relate directly to fitness, should be incorporated into the management of species. In plants, quantitative traits such as foliar defences that mediate the complexity of biotic interactions (e.g. herbivory), may be key fitness traits to consider in the management of gene pools of species that are of high conservation value. In this paper we examine the interactions of an endangered eucalypt species, Eucalyptus morrisbyi and a marsupial herbivore, the common brushtail possum Trichosurus vulpecula. We investigate the genetic variability of resistance of plants sourced from two populations and genetic variability in foliage defences as key quantitative traits that may be essential for survival of this eucalypt species. Trichosurus vulpecula detect clear genetic divergence in the two E. morrisbyi populations as evidenced by their browsing preferences in the field. In addition, trees from the more susceptible population (Calverts Hill) suffered fitness consequences with lower flowering than trees from the more resistant population (Risdon Hills). Field feeding preferences were confirmed in captive feeding trials arguing differences were due to foliar attributes consistent with the genetic-based differences observed in key chemical and physical foliage traits. Biotic interactions such as herbivory may affect populations of rare plant species. Results of this study highlight the need to understand the degree of genetic differentiation of resistance to herbivores and in the quantitative traits mediating these interactions in species of high conservation value, as these traits affect the adaptive potential of populations.
Edge Intelligence: Distributed Task Offloading and Service Management under Uncertainty

This work deals with the task offloading problem for multiple cellular edge devices in a multi-access edge computing (MEC) infrastructure attached to a base-station (BS). In order to minimize the overall task computing-communication delay through coping with time-varying cost and constraint functions with unknown statistics on-the-go, we propose a novel distributed bandit optimization (DBO) algorithm which runs based on the projected dual gradient iterations and a single broadcast communicating the MEC states to the SDs at the end of each time-slot. To track the performance of the proposed online learning algorithm over time, we define a dynamic regret to assess the closeness of the underlying delay cost of the DBO to a clairvoyant dynamic optimum and an aggregate violation metric to evaluate the asymptotic satisfaction of the constraints. We derive lower and upper bounds for dynamic regret as well as an upper-bound for the aggregate violation and show that the upper-bounds are sub-linear under sub-linear accumulated hindsight variations. The simulation results and comparisons confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in the long run.
Moderating Effect of Information Sharing on the Relationship of Supply Chain Management Capabilities and Business Performance: A Study on the Indonesia Food Industry

Indonesia is viewed as one of the biggest exporters and producer of foods and also plays an essential role in the development of Indonesia economy. Nevertheless, food industry provides help to the country to generate high level of income. To effect the performance of food industry, there are lot of factors. For this purpose, it is intensively challenging to choose that factor which effects more in the performance of food industry that could lead to a negative or the positive impact on another factor. Therefore, objective of the study is to explore the moderating effect of the information sharing on the relationship of supply chain management (SCM) capabilities and business performance (BP) of Indonesia food industry. Using cross sectional research design, 500 questionnaires were distributed among the supply chain managers of food industry by using a judgmental sampling technique which yield a 40% response rate. The data was analyzed by the Structural Equation Modeling technique. The key findings of the study have shown that SCM capabilities have positive and significant association with the BP. Similarly, it was also shown that information sharing significantly moderates within two components of SCM namely, strategic sourcing, technology capability and BP. Whereas has insignificant moderating effect on the relationship of logistic integration commitment and BP. Hence, current study contributed some theoretical implications in the existing body of literature. The study limitations and future directions are also being discussed.
Generation length for mammals

Generation length (GL) is defined as the average age of parents of the current cohort, reflecting the turnover rate of breeding individuals in a population. GL is a fundamental piece of information for population ecology as well as for measuring species threat status (e.g. in the IUCN Red List). Here we present a dataset including GL records for all extant mammal species (n=5427). We first reviewed all data on GL published in the IUCN Red List database. We then calculated a value for species with available reproductive parameters (reproductive life span and age at first reproduction). We assigned to missing-data species a mean GL value from congeneric or confamilial species (depending on data availability). Finally, for a few remaining species, we assigned mean GL values from species with similar body mass and belonging to the same order. Our work provides the first attempt to complete a database of GL for mammals; it will be an essential reference point for all conservation-related studies that need pragmatic information on species GL, such as population dynamics and applications of the IUCN Red List assessment.
Integrated Inertial Navigation System with camera-based system using LabVIEW Software

This research exhibits an integrated Inertial Navigation System (INS) and a camera-based navigation system. The system contains three types of sensors such as A camera, capturing the terrain. The raw image data are fed into an image-processing algorithm, the output of which is a set of recognizable points in the image, An IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) containing gyroscopes and accelerometers, magnetometer. The miniaturization, reduced cost, and increased accuracy of cameras and inertial measurement units (IMU) makes them ideal sensors for determining the 3D position and attitude of vehicles navigating in GPS-denied areas. In particular, fast and highly dynamic motions can be precisely estimated over short periods of time by fusing rotational velocity and linear acceleration measurements provided by the IMU's gyroscopes and accelerometers, respectively. The integration of the bias and noise in the inertial measurements can be significantly reduced by processing observations to point features detected in camera images in what is known as a vision-aided inertial navigation system. Keywords—INS, IMU, 3D Position, Gyroscope, Accelerometer
Taking Stock of Genetic Concepts in Fisheries Management

The historical development of the idea of isolated stocks of fish that can be managed as separate management units has been as strongly tied to the intuitive idea of separate races as it has been to the practical necessities of jurisprudence and the estimation of both biomass and sustainable yield by fisheries managers. Demonstrating the existence of isolated fish stocks and delineating their boundaries has generally proved unsuccessful. Various techniques ranging from meristic count differences to polymorphic allelism have usually failed. However, in the pursuit of isolated stocks, biochemists have uncovered a great deal of information about the variation of polymorphic allele frequencies over time and space. Following the shift in opinion away from stochastic to natural selection mechanisms in allele frequency variation, it is evident that the observed variation in allele frequencies allows more insight into the biology of fishes than into the breeding structure of populations. These insights argue agai.
Postembryonic Neurogenesis in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Brain: Presence of Two Different Systems

Abstract We analyzed postembryonic neurogenesis in zebrafish brain using the thymidine analogue 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU). At 1 and 3 weeks after fertilization, BrdU-labeled cells were detected at the brain midline, especially in the telencephalon, optic tectum, hypothalamus, and cerebellum. Cell replication ceased in the telencephalon and hypothalamus by 6 weeks after fertilization, but continued in the optic tectum and cerebellum even in adult fish. Although the area of replication was widely distributed in the tectum and cerebellum of young fish, it seemed to gradually become restricted to the medial and lateral margin of the tectum and the dorsal region of the cerebellum. These areas of replication showed common morphological features, with small, tightly packed spherical cells which were stained very densely by toluidine blue. In the optic tectum and cerebellum, the areas which were BrdU-positive (or densely stained by toluidine blue) gradually decreased in size relative to the growing brain, but the total volume of these areas in each individual remained unchanged. These results indicate that there are two different neurogenic systems in teleost fish. One system, found in the telencephalon and the hypothalamus, stops replication at an early stage of development; dividing cells in these areas are repressed or removed. The other system, found in the tectum and cerebellum, retains its replicative activity even in adult fish; the number of dividing cells in these areas seems to be maintained during development of the brain.
Blockchain-based Fog-enabled Energy IoT Architecture

Recently, the paradigm of the power industry has been digitizing around renewable energy. While this shift is accelerating towards energy-information and communications technologies (ICT) convergence, there will be many changes in energy policy in the future. In particular, in terms of energy demand management, locally centered decentralization will take place, and microgrid-type virtual power plants will be built on a regional basis according to the activation of distributed energy resources (DER) including renewable energy. To this end, business models such as electricity trading aggregation should also be considered. In this paper, we design an energy blockchain transaction architecture that combines blockchain and the energy Internet of Things (IoT) in a virtual power plant environment. The system presented in this paper can be integrated with a control system that requires DER and intermediary trading through an intermediary using web-based software. In addition, it is possible to promote the activation of energy brokerage transactions by preparing an environment for efficient trading by collecting a large amount of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) information in a fog server.
Motueka River plume facilitates transport of ruminant faecal contaminants into shellfish growing waters, Tasman Bay, New Zealand

Hydrographic and water quality surveys of the Motueka River and its river plume were conducted during a moderate flood event (peak flow of 420 m3/s) to assess the source and fate of faecal contaminants transported into Tasman Bay. Escherichia coli (E. coli) and enterococci concentrations in the river were up to 10000 and 7300 Most Probable Number (MPN)/100 ml during peak flow, respectively. A coastal survey revealed a shallow low-salinity plume that extended at least 6 km into Tasman Bay and the region's largest aquaculture management areas (AMAs). Mussels within the influence of the river plume, including those collected within an AMA, had E. coli and enterococci concentrations as high as 1300 and 2200 MPN/100 g tissue, respectively. Application of microbial source tracking markers using end-point PCR assays identified the presence of faecal contamination from ruminant animals (cows, sheep) in water and mussel samples. The detection of ruminant faecal contamination within shellfish located 6 km offshore highlights the close connection between land use and the quality of New Zealand's highly valued coastal resources.
The Effects and the Mechanisms of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibition in Heart Failure

Individuals with diabetes are not only with high risk of developing heart failure but also with increased risk of death [1]. Different types of hypoglycemic drugs have different cardiovascular safety, so it is necessary to evaluate the cardiovascular safety of new hypoglycemic drugs. In recent years, many large-scale randomized controlled trials on SGLT2 inhibitors for oral hypoglycemic agents such as (EMPA-REG OUTCOME (The Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes Trial); CANVAS Program (The Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study Program); DEGLARE-TIMI 58 (The Dapagliflozin Effect on Cardiovascular Events -TIMI 58 Trial); DEFINE-HF Trial (The Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure Trial) have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors could significantly reduce the hospitalization rate and the composite endpoint of cardiovascular mortality in patients with heart failure compared to the placebo group [2-5]. This effect persisted even in non-diabetic patients. The mechanisms responsible for the cardioprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors remain uncertain. This article summarizes the possible mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure as follows. The Biological Role of SGLT2
Modeling and Experimental Analysis of Cephalosporin C Acylase and Its Mutant

amino cephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) is the crucial intermediate for the synthesis of semi-synthetic antibiot- ics, which is currently prepared by two-step biocatalysis using D-amino acid oxidase and glutaryl-7-amino cephalospo- ranic acid acylase (GL-7-ACA acylase) starting from cephalosporin C (CPC). Compared with the two-step enzymatic method, one-step method is more efficient and economical. But, the available Cephalosporin C acylase (CPC acylase) al- ways take glutaryl-7-amino cephalosporanic acid (GL-7-ACA) as their primary substrate, and have low catalytic activities towards CPC to be used in industry. We investigated the catalytic mechanism of CPC acylase by the sequence alignment, homology modeling, and active site analysis to a series of CPC acylases from Pseudomonas where some effective muta- tions have been reported for activity enhancement. Two CPC acylases coded by the genes acyII and S12 are studied inten- sively for the interaction between the amino acid residues in the activity region and the substrate CPC based upon the complex structure obtained from the homology modeling and molecular docking. Furthermore, the catalytic parameters of the two CPC acylases were measured experimentally in order to corroborate the modeling analysis and propose potential designing strategy for improvement of enzymic activity.
Critical thinking skills for diagnosis process application from the perspective of nursing students and professors

Identify, from the experiences of nursing students and their professors, the critical thinking skills necessary for applying the diagnosis process to clinical practice. Descriptive-exploratory with qualitative approach. The study was conducted at a higher education institution in the south of Brazil, after approval from the Research Ethics Committee, under CAEE No 72294917.7. 0000.5347. It had the participation of five nursing students and four nursing professors through focal group sessions. The content analysis technique was used for data analysis. The most remarkable holistic critical thinking skills identified from the point of view of the nursing students were: analysis and knowledge; from the professors' perspective, they were: analysis, information search, clinical experience, knowledge transformation, contextual perspective, intuition, prediction and comprehension. With the findings of this research, professors will be capable of implementing strategies focused on the individual needs of students in order to qualify teaching practices as to the nursing diagnosis process.
The Investigation of Cinnamon Leaf Oil Nanocream for Antimicrobial and Skin Irritation

Cinnamon leaf oil contains a high amount of eugenol which has been reported to have antimicrobial activity. The aims of this study were to test the antimicrobial and primary skin irritation activities of 2% cinnamon leaf oil nanocream. The antimicrobial activity of the nanocream was tested in vitro against different gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains whereas primary skin irritation activity was studied in vivo using New Zealand White rabbits. The microbiological test revealed that the 2% cinnamon leaf oil nanocream inhibited the growth of gram positive (Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureous, Methicilline-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and gram negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli) except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, the irritation test showed that the nanocream was non-irritant. Therefore, the results of the present study suggested that the 2% cinnamon leaf oil nanocream has great potential to be used as a topical antiseptic and not give any irritant to the people
Effects of animal welfare on sensory acceptance scoring of yogurt

Welfare of farm animals can be increased greatly if the animal producers are convinced that increased welfare is useful in terms of product quality. Major purpose of this study was to investigate whether animal welfare changed consumer acceptance and scoring of reduced-fat and plain yogurts (PYs) with or without knowledge of the animal welfare. Four products were used, PY made from whole milk collected from high welfare (HW) farm cows, PY from low welfare (LW) farm cows, low-fat (LF) yogurt from HW farm cows and LF yogurt from LW farm cows. Three evaluations were carried out in the Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University campus; tasting yogurt without labels (Test 1), expectation scoring based on pen and paper (Test 2) and tasting with labels and information on the welfare and fat content (Test 3). In Test 1, the subjects accepted the HW better than LW, and PY better than LF yogurt without the knowledge of the yogurts origin or fat content. The taste seems to direct the subjects scoring towards more fat without the worries related to weight loss. In Test 2, subjects scored LF yogurt higher than PY, which was the opposite of Test 1, but they scored HW higher than their Test 1 scores, which were consistent rank wise. This clearly shows that the subjects participating in the study were interested in LF yogurt consciously but liked that taste of the PY better and were also interested in HW products both in terms of taste and ethics. Some of the differences which were not significant in first two tests were highly significant in Test 3 (P<0.01), which means that the scores were more distinctive among the different products, fortified by both information and taste. The PY-HW yogurts were scored the highest, followed by the LF-HW yogurt samples, the PY-LW yogurts and finally the LF-LW yogurts. This illustrates that the taste buds of the subjects were able to affect scoring significantly (PY scored higher than LF yogurt) and information regarding the fat content did not make enough of a difference to change the ranking from the first test. Sensory perceptions regarding animal welfare were strengthened when sensory input was supported with information provided on animal welfare. In all the three tests, the subjects scored the HW yogurts higher than LW yogurts regardless of the fat content, whether they knew the labels or not. However, information provided on welfare increased the consumer scoring significantly, indicating that HW products should be advertised and labelled clearly to increase consumer sensory acceptance and willingness.
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and the Cutting Edge of Nanotechnology

e-Published: 1 April 2020 Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cellular growth or proliferation. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a group of cancers mainly affecting the buccal cavity and associated area, with high rate of mortality and morbidity. Chronic consumption of alcohol, both smoking and smokeless tobacco, and betel quid are considered as the prominent determinants for the initiation and development of OSCC. The current treatment strategy of OSCC is associated with the common side effects of non-specific anticancer drug delivery. In addition, the treatment also deals with the recurrence of OSCC after completion of the therapy, which is responsible for its high mortality rate. Nanotechnology is an emerging discipline in drug delivery, disease diagnosis, and imaging. Nanoparticles are a group of colloidal carriers with approximately 1-1000 nm size range. Nanoparticles, due to large surface area to volume ratio, display different physicochemical characteristics favorable for their use in chemotherapy. The nanoparticles with options for modifications in their sizes, surface charges, drug payload, and drug bioavailability can be used as a drug delivery system. The dynamic and flexible nature of nanoparticles can be employed to both active and passive targeting of cancer cells combating the usual side effects as well as other complexities associated with the conventional chemotherapy. The nanoparticles can be regarded as the future of drug delivery in cancer therapy. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and the Cutting Edge of Nanotechnology
Genetic differentiation of winter wheat populations following exposure to two management systems in early inbreeding generations.

Producers in the southern Great Plains usually dedicate fields of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to a grain-only (GO) management system or one that incorporates grazing preceding grain harvest (dual-purpose or DP system). We hypothesized that a grazing system may be applied as a selection tool during the early inbreeding generations to shift gene frequencies in favor of improved grazing tolerance and grain yielding ability. Grain yield and other key traits were compared among F 5 bulk progenies of 24 populations exposed in the F 2 to F 4 generations to either system, including a Base set of F 3 progenies and three cultivars. From GO and DP experiments conducted for 3 yr near Marshall, OK, the grain yield loss from GO to DP systems was 11% for '2174' and 'Custer' and 24% for 'Jagger'. Yields of DP selections exceeded the GO selections when tested in the DP system (220 kg ha -1 differential, P < 0.01) and in the GO system (80 kg ha -1 , P = 0.01), with neutral effects on grain volume weight and protein concentration. Vegetative growth habit of DP and GO selections were visibly differentiated. When targeting a DP management system, derivation of bulk populations for line selection should utilize the DP system as a selection environment during the early inbreeding generations. This approach should not carry a universal yield penalty for GO environments when the breeding target includes both DP and GO systems.