Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A RESEARCH ON THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE THROUGH LEADER-MEMBER EXCHANGE (LMX) ON EMPLOYEES' ATTITUDES TOWARD CHANGE

In economic and market conditions that are constantly changing, institutions are implementing change practices in different fields such as strategic, structural and ways of doing business in order to maintain their competitive advantage. According to Kotter and Schlesinger (1979), while many institutions make a medium change every year, they should make a large-scale change within the framework of competitive conditions, technological developments, growth and changes in labor force within four or five years. In this research, the responses of the employees to the change and the organizational cultural factors that affect these reactions and the effect of the Leader-Member Interaction on the resistance to change through trust in the institution were examined in order to achieve more successful results. In addition, the effect of creating an innovative organizational culture in the organization on the resistance to change in the organization is examined. This study was attended by managers and foremen level employees working in different industrial companies. As a result of the analysis, it has been found that there is a positive relationship between the quality of leader-member interaction, trust in the institution, and communication and innovative organizational culture. On the other hand, it has been determined that there is a negative relationship between concepts of attitude toward change and innovative organizational culture.
cef.up working paper 2017-03 FISCAL CONSOLIDATION PROGRAMS AND INCOME INEQUALITY

Following the Great Recession, many European countries implemented fiscal consolidation policies aimed at reducing government debt. Using three independent data sources and three different empirical approaches, we document a strong positive relationship between higher income inequality and stronger recessive impacts of fiscal consolidation programs across time and place. To explain this finding, we develop a life-cycle, overlapping generations economy with uninsurable labor market risk. We calibrate our model to match key characteristics of a number of European economies, including the distribution of wages and wealth, social security, taxes and debt, and study the effects of fiscal consolidation programs. We find that higher income risk induces precautionary savings behavior, which decreases the proportion of credit-constrained agents in the economy. Credit-constrained agents have less elastic labor supply responses to fiscal consolidation achieved through either tax hikes or public spending cuts, and this explains the relationship between income inequality and the impact of fiscal consolidation programs. Our model produces a cross-country correlation between inequality and the fiscal consolidation multipliers, which is quite similar to that in the data.
The use of dosed and herbage n-alkanes as markers for the determination of herbage intake

SUMMARY The recovery in the faeces of the n-alkanes of herbage (odd-chain, C27–C35) and of dosed artificial alkanes (even-chain, C28 and C32) was studied in twelve 4-month-old castrated male lambs. The lambs received three levels of cut, fresh perennial ryegrass or a mixed diet of perennial ryegrass (0·70) and a barley-based concentrate (0·30) (500–900 g D.M./day). C28 and C32 n-alkanes (130 mg each), absorbed onto shredded paper, were given once daily for 17 days to test whether the recoveries of herbage and dosed alkanes were similar to enable their use as markers for determining the herbage intake of grazing sheep. Stearic and palmitic acids (130 mg each) were given with the dosed alkanes to half of the animals with the objective of facilitating emulsification of the dosed alkanes within the digestive tract. With the exception of C27 n-alkane, the faecal recoveries of all alkanes were unaffected by diet, feeding level or emulsifying agent. Faecal recovery of odd- chain herbage n-alkanes increased with increasing C-chain length. The recovery of the dosed C28 n-alkane was slightly greater than the recoveries of both C27, and C29 n-alkanes of herbage. The recoveries of the dosed C32 n-alkane and the herbage C33-alkane were the same. The mean herbage intake estimated using C33 and C32 n-alkanes was identical to the actual herbage intake. Other alkane pairs gave slight underestimates of herbage intake ranging from 3·5% for the C28–C29 pair to 7·6% for the C27–C28 pair. No cyclical pattern of n-alkane excretion throughout the day was observed. Examination of daily variations in faecal alkane concentrations indicated that the start of alkane dosing should precede the sampling of faeces by at least 6 days. These results suggest that accurate estimation of herbage intake in grazing sheep is possible from the simultaneous use of dosed C32 and herbage C33 n-alkanes as markers. The method may be particularly useful in enabling unbiased estimates of herbage intake to be made in animals receiving supplementary feed.
Assessment of genetic variability and heritability estimates in F2 populations of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum l.)

Wheat breeders are working to increase the yield potential of bread wheat by developing new varieties with ideal genetic makeup to overcome the increasing consumption pressure of the population. To solve this problem, eight F2 populations and six parents were studied during the years 2015-16. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the genotypes, hybrids, and parents vs hybrids for all traits studied. These results mark the further development value of breeding materials. Current research indicates ANALYSIS VOL. 5, 2019 Agriculture ISSN 2347–3819 EISSN 2347–386X DISCOVERY
Determination of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Composition in Fresh Water Fish

The term ‘Fish’ generally refers to aquatic animals. While the fish oils are not only very useful food, is a great source of calories but these are rich in different types of polyunsaturated fatty acids including essential fatty acids. These fish oils are responsible to keep the cholesterol level in blood low so help in controlling the cardiovascular diseases. The present study was conducted to evaluate three different fish oils for their oil contents and presence of omega-3 essential fatty acids. It was observed that all the three varieties of fish oil had high contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids and can be successfully used for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
The Taxonomic Designation of Eriogonum corymbosum var. nilesii (Polygonaceae) is Supported by AFLP and cpDNA Analyses

Abstract We examined populations of perennial, shrubby buckwheats in the Eriogonum corymbosum complex and related Eriogonum species in the subgenus Eucycla, to assess genetic affiliations of the recently named E. corymbosum var. nilesii. The known populations of this variety are all located in Clark County, Nevada, U. S. A. We compared AFLP profiles and chloroplast DNA sequences of plants sampled from populations of E. corymbosum var. nilesii with those of plants representing other E. corymbosum varieties and related Eriogonum species from Colorado, Utah, northern Arizona, and northern New Mexico. We found evidence of genetic cohesion among the Clark County populations as well as their genetic divergence from populations of other E. corymbosum varieties and species. The genetic component uncovered in this study supports the morphological findings upon which the nomenclatural change was based, attesting to the taxonomic distinctness of this biological entity.
Theory of Fiber Optical Bragg Grating- Revisited

The reflected signature of an optical fiber Bragg grating is analyzed using the transfer function method. This approach is capable to cast all relevant quantities into proper places and provides a better physical understanding. The relationship between reflected signal, number of periods, index of refraction, and reflected wave phase is elucidated. The condition for which the maximum reflectivity is achieved is fully examined. We also have derived an expression to predict the reflectivity minima accurately when the reflected wave is detuned. Furthermore, using the segmented potential approach, this model can handle arbitrary index of refraction profiles and compare the strength of optical reflectivity of different profiles. The condition of a non-uniform grating is also addressed.
JUSTers at SemEval-2020 Task 4: Evaluating Transformer Models against Commonsense Validation and Explanation

In this paper, we describe our team’s (JUSTers) effort in the Commonsense Validation and Explanation (ComVE) task, which is part of SemEval2020. We evaluate five pre-trained Transformer-based language models with various sizes against the three proposed subtasks. For the first two subtasks, the best accuracy levels achieved by our models are 92.90% and 92.30%, respectively, placing our team in the 12th and 9th places, respectively. As for the last subtask, our models reach 16.10 BLEU score and 1.94 human evaluation score placing our team in the 5th and 3rd places according to these two metrics, respectively. The latter is only 0.16 away from the 1st place human evaluation score.
Laser-assisted uncovering of dental implants

Introduction: Laser assisted uncovering of dental implants is one of the most interesting aspects of lasers utilization. Compared to conventional scalpel technique, this method provides less bleeding and pain and shorter healing period, leading to a better patient compliance. The objective of this study is to contribute a comprehensive review on laser assisted second-stage of implant surgery. Materials and Methods: We searched Pubmed and Google Scholar databases using combined keyword search or medical subject headings. Eight articles from 2009 to 2019 were identified and assessed. Results: Selected studies were categorized according to variables including amount of pain, need for anesthesia, soft tissue healing, temperature rise and quality of impressions. All the reviewed articles, measuring the amount of required anesthesia, agreed that laser-aided uncovering of implants needs significantly less anesthesia compared to conventional scalpel technique. Laser-assisted uncovering of their implants led to less pain. Ex-vivo studies measuring temperature rise, suggested that application of a non-contact 445nm diode laser reduces the temperature rise significantly. However, Er:YAG lasers proved to generate lower temperature rise. Diode lasers showed no significant amelioration of soft tissue healing whilst Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers revealed superior esthetic results and shorter healing period. Impressions can be taken 4-7 days after the laser-assisted surgery with a satisfactory quality. Conclusion: Laser-assisted uncovering of implants can be selected as an alternative over the conventional scalpel technique. But, further studies are advisable
Gold-based Inorganic Nanohybrids for Nanomedicine Applications

Noble metal Au nanoparticles have attracted extensive interests in the past decades, due to their size and morphology dependent localized surface plasmon resonances. Their unique optical property, high chemical stability, good biocompatibility, and easy functionalization make them promising candidates for a variety of biomedical applications, including bioimaging, biosensing, and cancer therapy. With the intention of enhancing their optical response in the near infrared window and endowing them with additional magnetic properties, Au nanoparticles have been integrated with other functional nanomaterials that possess complementary attributes, such as copper chalcogenides and magnetic metal oxides. The as constructed hybrid nanostructures are expected to exhibit unconventional properties compared to their separate building units, due to nanoscale interactions between materials with different physicochemical properties, thus broadening the application scope and enhancing the overall performance of the hybrid nanostructures. In this review, we summarize some recent progresses in the design and synthesis of noble metal Au-based hybrid inorganic nanostructures for nanomedicine applications, and the potential and challenges for their clinical translations.
Aquatic ecological risks posed by tributyltin in united states surface waters: Pre‐1989 to 1996 data

Acute and chronic risks to aquatic life from exposure to tributyltin (TBT) in surface waters were assessed probabilistically using more than 9 years of monitoring data. More than 50 sites around the United States were sampled, representing six saltwater regions and one freshwater (Lake Erie). Ambient TBT concentrations were compared to acute and chronic effect thresholds to estimate risks for each year (1986‐1988 and 1992‐1996), site type, and region. Site types comprised commercial harbors, shipyards, marinas, and fish/shellfish habitats proximate to these commercial areas. Tributyltin concentrations in surface waters have declined in all regions and site types since passage of the Organotin Antifouling Paint Control Act in 1988. No risks of acute toxicity have been suggested since 1994. Chronic risks have remained highest in marinas compared to other site types but have declined from a risk involving 25% of the species prior to 1989 to one involving 6% of the species in 1996. Risks associated with commercial harbors and shipyards have been similar (4‐6%) since 1994. Chronic risks have been ≤1% in fish and shellfish habitats sampled <1 to 2 km from TBT sources. Risks in Galveston Bay, over all years (1‐19%), have been greater than in the other regions (≤9%).
Acoustic Modelling for Spontaneous Speech Recognition

Based on the type of speech used, speech recognition has classified into isolated word recognition,connected word recognition, continuous speech recognition, spontaneous speech recognition [1]. The objective of this paper is to review the challenges in modeling a system used for labelling the acoustic speech vectors for continous and spontaneous speech recognitions. Sequencing and labelling is a major challenge for the speech recognition systems. The goal of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems is to recognize and understand the speech as human does. ASR systems generally has two stages feature extraction, classification. This paper mainly discuss the challenges faced during classification of continuous speech and methods used in segmentation and labelling of the speech vectors to overcome the challenges over a period of time. Section 2 discusses about key challenges and how they are solved till now. In section 3, discussion of the challenges which still exists.In section 4, probable solution for existing challenges.
SWISSFEL INJECTOR TEST FACILITY – TEST AND PLANS

In August 2010 the Paul Scherrer Institute inaugurated the SwissFEL Injector Test Facility as a first step towards the Swiss hard X-ray FEL planned at PSI. The main purpose of the facility is to demonstrate and consolidate the generation of high-brightness beam as required to drive the 6 GeV SwissFEL accelerator. Additionally the injector serves as a platform supporting development and test of accelerator components/systems and optimization procedures foreseen for SwissFEL. In this paper we report on the present status of the commissioning with some emphasis on emittance measurements and component performances. The scientific program and long-term plans will be discussed as well.
Development of a Duplex Real-time PCR for Differentiation of Salmonella Typhimurium and Monophasic Serovars

Salmonella Typhimurium is the most Salmonella serovar causing acute gastroenteritis and diarrhea. Serovar 1, 4, [5], 12: i:is considered a monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium that threaten public health. Fifty-eight serologically confirmed Salmonella strains were investigated by PCR using 16S rRNA and fliC genes. All 58 strains harbored 16S rRNA while 21 strains harbored fliC gene that included S. Typhimurium (12), S. Kentucky (6), Salmonella variant strain serotype 1, 4, [5],12:i:(1), S. Lagos (1), and S. Kedougou (1). A duplex TaqMan real-time PCR was performed for differentiating between biphasic S. Typhimurium and monophasic serovar 1, 4, [5], 12:i:using fljB1, 2 and fliB/IS200 in the fliA-fliB intergenic region. Ten out of twelve S. Typhimurium harbored fljB 1, 2, while Salmonella variant strain serotype 1, 4, [5], 12:i:lacked this gene. Thirteen strains (12 S. Typhimurium and the variant strain serotype 1, 4, [5], 12:i:-) were positive for fliB/IS200 that is a specific gene for S. Typhimurium (biphasic and monophasic ). The result of duplex TaqMan real-time PCR indicated that 10 S. Typhimurium strains were biphasic while two S. Typhimurium strains and the variant strain serotype 1, 4, [5], 12:i:lack fljB1,2 and had fliB/IS200 were monophasic S. Typhimurium. It is noticed that prolonged subculture and repeat phase inversion method leads to the formation of flakes that in turn cause wrongly serotype identification, therefore, real-time PCR is rapid and can be used for identifying and differentiating between biphasic and monophasic S. Typhimurium.
Integrated Management of Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) in Sugarcane

Abstract Bermudagrass is a difficult perennial weed to manage in Louisiana sugarcane. Research was conducted to compare interrow tillage practice, postharvest residue management, and herbicide placement on bermudagrass proliferation and sugarcane yield. Tillage frequencies included conventional (four tillage operations per season), reduced (two tillage operations), and no-till. Residue management practices included removal by burning, sweeping from row top into the wheel furrow, and not removed. Spring herbicide placement treatments included broadcast, banded, or no herbicide application. With conventional tillage, broadcast and banded herbicide applications resulted in similar bermudagrass cover in the first and second ratoon crops, but bermudagrass cover was greater when using banded applications (22%) compared with broadcast application (15%) in the third-ratoon crop. Bermudagrass cover was greatest with no-till. When herbicides were banded, bermudagrass cover was greater in reduced tillage than conventional tillage in all three ratoon crops. Postharvest residue management did not affect bermudagrass ground cover. In plant cane, sugarcane yields were lowest when herbicide was not applied. In ratoon crops, sugarcane and sugar yield were reduced when herbicide was not applied regardless of tillage practice. Cane and sugar yield were generally equal when comparing reduced and conventional tillage. Total sugarcane yield (4 crop yr) for the no-till program was reduced 11, 15, and 25%, respectively, when herbicides were broadcast, banded, and when herbicide was not applied, compared with conventional tillage. Failure to remove residue reduced sugarcane yield by 5, 7, and 10% in first, second, and third ratoons, respectively, compared with burning. Eliminating unnecessary tillage practices can increase profitability of sugarcane through reduced costs, but it will be imperative that herbicide programs be included to provide adequate bermudagrass control and that postharvest residue is removed to promote maximum sugarpostane yield. Nomenclature: Metribuzin; pendimethalin; bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ; sugarcane, Saccharum interspecific hybrid.
Adversarial Deep Ensemble: Evasion Attacks and Defenses for Malware Detection

Malware remains a big threat to cyber security, calling for machine learning based malware detection. While promising, such detectors are known to be vulnerable to evasion attacks. Ensemble learning typically facilitates countermeasures, while attackers can leverage this technique to improve attack effectiveness as well. This motivates us to investigate which kind of robustness the ensemble defense or effectiveness the ensemble attack can achieve, particularly when they combat with each other. We thus propose a new attack approach, named mixture of attacks, by rendering attackers capable of multiple generative methods and multiple manipulation sets, to perturb a malware example without ruining its malicious functionality. This naturally leads to a new instantiation of adversarial training, which is further geared to enhancing the ensemble of deep neural networks. We evaluate defenses using Android malware detectors against 26 different attacks upon two practical datasets. Experimental results show that the new adversarial training significantly enhances the robustness of deep neural networks against a wide range of attacks, ensemble methods promote the robustness when base classifiers are robust enough, and yet ensemble attacks can evade the enhanced malware detectors effectively, even notably downgrading the VirusTotal service.
Adaptive SpMV/SpMSpV on GPUs for Input Vectors of Varied Sparsity

Despite numerous efforts for optimizing the performance of Sparse Matrix and Vector Multiplication (SpMV) on modern hardware architectures, few works are done to its sparse counterpart, Sparse Matrix and Sparse Vector Multiplication (SpMSpV), not to mention dealing with input vectors of varied sparsity. The key challenge is that depending on the sparsity levels, distribution of data, and compute platform, the optimal choice of SpMV/SpMSpV kernel can vary, and a static choice does not suffice. In this article, we propose an adaptive SpMV/SpMSpV framework, which can automatically select the appropriate SpMV/SpMSpV kernel on GPUs for any sparse matrix and vector at the runtime. Based on systematic analysis on key factors such as computing pattern, workload distribution and write-back strategy, eight candidate SpMV/SpMSpV kernels are encapsulated into the framework to achieve high performance in a seamless manner. A comprehensive study on machine learning-based kernel selector is performed to choose the kernel and adapt with the varieties of both the input and hardware from both accuracy and overhead perspectives. Experiments demonstrate that the adaptive framework can substantially outperform the previous state-of-the-art in real-world applications on NVIDIA Tesla K40m, P100, and V100 GPUs.
Patterns of Genetic Distribution of Sibbaldiopsis tridentata (Rosaceae) in the Eastern United States

Abstract Phylogenetic studies in the eastern United States have uncovered patterns of genetic variation that suggest an influence of glacial history on various plant species. Similarly, studies have indicated regional-level genetic discontinuities corresponding with reduced gene flow between regions and populations, often associated with a geographical barrier. Here we examine the population genetics of a species found mostly in northeastern North America, but with populations at high elevations along the southern half of the Appalachian Mountains. Nine populations of the plant species Sibbaldiopsis tridentata (Rosaceae) in the eastern United States were sampled, using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) molecular markers. Levels of genetic diversity within and among populations were determined. Results indicate that the degree of intrapopulation genetic variation varies between populations. A statistically significant discontinuity is identified between populations east and west of the Valley and Ridge Province, which suggests that this region has likely acted as a barrier to historical gene flow. Within the Appalachian Mountains, northeastern populations show varying levels of genetic similarity to southeastern populations with no clear genetic signal delineating northern and southern populations. The genetic patterns discerned in this study suggest a complex species history, which should provide insight in future studies of this and other ecologically similar plant species.