Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pitfall To Avoid When Estimating Incident-Induced Delay by Using Deterministic Queuing Models

The deterministic queuing model is the most widely used method to estimate the delay caused by freeway incidents. It has been applied in numerous studies to determine the impacts of incidents and to estimate the benefits of policies designed to reduce such impacts. Typically, the average duration per incident type is used to estimate the incident delay. This approach assumes that the “delay due to an average incident” is the same as the “average delay due to incidents. ” In fact, because delay is a convex function of incident duration, the “delay due to an average incident” is always smaller than the “average delay due to incidents. ” This paper shows that the underestimate of the total delay is a function of (a) the variance of the incident duration times, (b) the severity of the type of incident under consideration, and (c) the number of incidents of the type under consideration. A formula is presented that accurately determines the total delay. The formula depends on the mean and the variance of the incident duration times but does not require knowledge of the individual duration times. It is then shown how the averaging of duration times should be carried out in practice to avoid under- or overestimating the benefit of a reduction in incident duration. The concepts are illustrated using a stylized numerical example based on incident data from the Emergency Traffic Patrol in Chicago.
Factors Related to Nurses and Physicians’ Knowledge of and Attitudes Towards Palliative Care

Background With the increase of the elderly population, the need for palliative care has increased, which is one of the requirements of effective palliative care services, sufficient knowledge and positive attitude of nurses and physicians towards this care approach. The aim of this study was to determine the factors related to the knowledge and attitudes of nurses and physicians about palliative care. Methods This descriptive correlational study was performed in 2021 on 277 nurses and physicians working in selected teaching hospitals in Iran who were selected by convenience sampling method. The data collection tool was an online and researcher-made questionnaire consisting of three sections: demographics and occupation, knowledge (30 items) and attitude (37 items) that were designed and validated in the present study. To analyze the data, spss-v24 software was used for descriptive statistics tests (means and frequency tables) and inferential tests (correlation and univariate regression). Results The mean scores of knowledge and attitude of care providers were 19.36 ± 2.73 and 140.90 11 11.56, respectively. There was a positive relationship between knowledge and attitude variables (P-value = 0.000, r = 0.378). Meaning of relationship between the mean score of attitude and knowledge with age ranges of 31-60 and 60-51 years, level of education, workplace, work experience in palliative care, need for formal education in palliative care and need to pass palliative care course there was. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, the level of knowledge and attitude of palliative care providers was moderate. Therefore, in order to further promote the knowledge and attitude of nurses and physicians, it is recommended to hold theoretical and practical training courses in the form of skill and retraining courses, reviewing the curricula of general medicine and bachelor's degree in nursing.
Impact of Temperature on the Performance and Character of the Methanogenic Community of a Fixed-Bed Anaerobic Reactor at Psychrophilic Temperature

To determine the effects of a gradual temperature decrease on reactor performance and the microbial community, four fixed-bed reactors that were packed with a biofilm carrier were operated for 217 days. The temperature of the reactors was decreased from 30 °C to 3 °C. The reactors initially soured at 3 °C and recovered when they were returned to 4 °C, as indicated by the stabilization of biogas production, methane production, VFA concentration, pH, and the COD removal rate. Our results also revealed that methanomicrobiales were the dominant methanogen, the concentration of the 16S rRNA gene in the carbon-fiber carrier sludge exceeded the same gene concentration in the deposited sludge, and that the carbon-fiber carrier played an important role in methanomicrobiale colonization at low temperatures. We suggest that 4 °C is the low-temperature threshold for optimal reactor performance.
Significance of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-mediated Photodynamic Diagnosis Following Standard Transurethral Resection in Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Background/Aim Transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) guided by photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been shown to be superior to conventional white light (WL) cystoscopy with regard to diagnostic accuracy, for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC); however, PDD is usually performed prior to WL TURBT. The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic significance of 5-ALA-mediated PDD following TUR of NMIBC. Patients and Methods In 83 NMIBC patients, all visible tumors were completely resected under the conventional WL guidance followed by additional resection if fluorescent lesions were observed under the blue light (BL) guidance, and random biopsy was further conducted. Results With the BL source, 39 (47.0%) patients were judged to have fluorescent lesions. Twenty (51.3%) of the 39 patients with positive findings by PDD were diagnosed with residual cancer by additional resection, while random biopsy detected cancers in 2 (4.5%) of the 44 patients with negative findings by PDD. Accordingly, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value in diagnosing residual cancer by our PDD system were 90.9, 68.9, 51.3 and 95.5%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the presence of residual cancers shown by WL TURBT was significantly associated with the preoperative findings of urinary cytology, tumor multiplicity, pathological T stage and tumor grade, of which only the preoperative finding on urinary cytology was shown to have an independent impact on the diagnosis of residual cancer. Conclusion 5-ALA-mediated PDD following standard WL TURBT could improve the diagnostic accuracy in NMIBC patients, particularly those who are positive for preoperative urinary cytology.
On the performance of a mitt heating multilayer: a numerical study

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the heat transfer on an alpine‐climbing mitt featuring an electrical heating multilayer, in order to provide information for the optimization of its thermal performance.Design/methodology/approach – A numerical model was developed to simulate the heat transfer across an electrical‐heated alpine mitt. The model was used to study the heat losses as a function of the environmental conditions, to optimise the positioning of the heating elements, to determine the optimal power input to the heating system, to estimate the battery capacity requirements and to assess the effect of low‐emissivity surfaces.Findings – The results show that: the heating elements assure approximately constant temperatures across the skin provided they are not more than 6‐7 mm apart; the use of low‐emissivity surfaces facing the skin can reduce the total heat loss by 8‐36 per cent (for air layer thicknesses in the range 10−3 to 10−2 m) and to increase the skin temperature during the.
Increased actuation rate of electromechanical carbon nanotube actuators using potential pulses with resistance compensation

The results of this study demonstrate that resistance compensation can provide significant improvement in the charging rate, and consequent actuation strain rate, for carbon nanotube sheets operated in an organic electrolyte. The strain rate increased with increasing potential pulse amplitude and a more negative potential limit. The amount of strain produced also increased with longer pulse times. The highest strain rate achieved was 0.6% s−1, producing a strain amplitude of 0.3% in 0.5 s. This performance is significantly better than previously reported. The improvements in strain rate are somewhat offset when large negative potential limits are used due to the introduction of faradaic reactions in the electrolyte medium that do not contribute to actuation. Efficiency of operation is, therefore, reduced under such conditions. Some slight differences were observed between the actuator responses for the negative and positive pulses, which are partly explained by the basic mechanism of actuation and partly by instrumental effects.
Prediction of the maximum credible ground motion in Singapore due to a great Sumatran subduction earthquake: the worst‐case scenario

Although Singapore is located in a low‐seismicity region, huge but infrequent Sumatran subduction earthquakes might pose structural problems to medium‐ and high‐rise buildings in the city. Based on a series of ground motion simulations of potential earthquakes that may affect Singapore, the 1833 Sumatran subduction earthquake (Mw=9.0) has been identified to be the worst‐case scenario earthquake. Bedrock motions in Singapore due to the hypothesized earthquake are simulated using an extended reflectivity method, taking into account uncertainties in source rupture process. Random rupture models, considering the uncertainties in rupture directivity, slip distribution, presence of asperities, rupture velocity and dislocation rise time, are made based on a range of seismologically possible models. The simulated bedrock motions have a very long duration of about 250 s with a predominant period between 1.8 and 2.5 s, which coincides with the natural periods of medium‐ and high‐rise buildings widely found in Singapore. The 90‐percentile horizontal peak ground acceleration is estimated to be 33 gal and the 90‐percentile horizontal spectral acceleration with 5% damping ratio is 100 gal within the predominant period range. The 90‐percentile bedrock motion would generate base shear force higher than that required by the current design code, where seismic design has yet to be considered. This has not taken into account effects of local soil response that might further amplify the bedrock motion. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic Nonlinear Analysis of Shanghai Pudong Shangrila Hotel Extension Engineering

Shanghai Pudong Shangrila Hotel extension project is a super-high frame-shear wall structure. In this paper, a concrete uniaxial hysteresis constitutive model and a practical elastic plastic damage constitutive model are introduced, both of which are established by the author before, and then both models are developed in ABAQUS via UMAT, and used to simulate Shanghai Pudong Shangrila hotel extension engineering. The numerical model is established in PKPM and then be converted to ABAQUS, in which fiber model is used to simulate the frame elements and sell model is used to simulate shear-walls. Through numerical simulation, we can see that the simulation results and test results are coincided well, which proved that the proposed constitutive models is effective in analyzing large complex structures, and the selected element models are reasonable.
A Study on Short-Term Forecasting of Grape Sales

This paper forecasts the grape sales in Huancui District of Weihai (in Shandong Province of China). After analyzing the most popular methods in sales forecasting field, we select the most applicable ones. Different models are selected for grape sales forecasting aiming at different seasonal features. The forecasts are modified by some seasonal and festival indexes to get more accurate results, through which we can guide the market, optimize the supply chain and increase the incomes of fruit growers and suppliers.
Robotics Application in Remote Data Acquisition and Control for Solar Ponds

This paper presents one application of industrial robots in the automation of renewable energy production. The robot supports remote performance monitoring and maintenance of salinity gradient solar ponds. The details of the design, setup and the use of the robot sampling station and the remote Data Acquisition (DAQ) system are given here. The use of a robot arm, to position equipment and sensors, provides accurate and reliable real time data needed for autonomous monitoring and control of this type of green energy production. Robot upgrade of solar ponds can be easily integrated with existing systems. Data logged by the proposed system can be remotely accessed, plotted and analysed. Thus the simultaneous and remote monitoring of a large scale network of ponds can be easily implemented. This provides a fully automated solution to the monitoring and control of green energy production operations, which can be used to provide heat and electricity to buildings. Remote real time monitoring will facilitate the setup and operations of several solar ponds around cities.
Study on Source Locating Technology of Visible Fire Detection in Large Space Building

Locating fire source position is a significant aspect of automatic fire detection since it plays an important role in extinguishing fire in large space building in a short time. On the basis of previous literatures of visible fire location detection through analyzing the features of fire images, binocular vision based fire source spatial location is proposed in accordance with the computer vision principle in this paper. The binocular vision location algorithm is employed to identify the fire source position. To reach this, three typical spatial positions of fire source are measured in terms of camera scanning firstly; Secondly, confidence coefficients are added into the measured data to obtain the accurate position of fire source. Finally, the amount of water in cannon is adjusted to the right direction to put out the fire.
WDS calibration and assessment for alternative modelling objectives

A water distribution system model may be developed for different purposes and the required prediction accuracy is not necessarily the same for each goal. As such, the number of data necessary to adequately calibrate a system for different purposes varies depending upon the intended use. To examine the impact of model purpose on the calibration process, a real system is modelled for two objectives: daily pump scheduling and system expansion design. Results indicate that an operation model can be calibrated with limited data since the sensitivity to decisions is small. A system expansion model requires more data since the design demand condition causes critical low pressures and model pressure predictions are strongly influenced by calibrated parameters.
Canonical structure of A and B maps

In their seminal 1961 paper, Sudarshan, Mathews and Rau investigated properties of the dynamical A and B maps acting on n-dimensional quantum systems. The nature of dynamical maps in open quantum system evolutions has attracted great deal of attention in the later years. However, the novel paper on the A and B dynamical maps has not received its due attention. In this tutorial article, we review the properties of A and B forms associated with the dynamics of finite dimensional quantum systems. In particular, we investigate a canonical structure associated with the A form and establish its equivalence with the associated B form. We show that the canonical structure of the A form captures the completely positive (not completely positive) nature of the dynamics in a succinct manner. This feature is illustrated through physical examples of qubit channels.Quanta 2021; 10: 34–41.
Failure prediction for satellite monitoring systems using Bayesian networks

Predicting failure in complex systems, such as satellite network systems, is a challenging problem. A satellite earth terminal contains many components, including high-powered amplifiers, signal converters, modems, routers, and generators, any of which may cause system failure. The ability to estimate accurately the probability of failure of any of these components, given the current state of the system, may help reduce the cost of operation. Probabilistic graphical models, in particular Bayesian networks, provide a consistent framework in which to address problems containing uncertainty and complexity. Building a Bayesian network for failure prediction in a complex system such as a satellite earth terminal requires a large quantity of data. Software monitoring systems have the potential to provide vast amounts of data related to the operating state of the satellite earth terminal. Measurable nodes of the Bayesian network correspond to states of measurable parameters in the system and unmeasurable nodes represent failure of various components. Nodes for environmental factors are also included. A description of Bayesian networks will be provided and a demonstration of inference on the Bayesian network, such as the calculation of the marginal probability of failure nodes given measurements and the maximum probability state of the system for failure diagnosis will be given. Using the data to learn local probabilities of the network will also be covered.
Digital Modeling, Integrated Project Delivery and Industry Transformation: An Australian Case Study

This research is focused on realizing productivity benefits for the delivery of transport infrastructure in the Australian construction industry through the use of building information modeling (BIM), virtual design and construction (VDC) and integrated project delivery (IPD). Specific objectives include: (I) building an understanding of the institutional environment, business systems and support mechanisms (e.g., training and skilling) which impact on the uptake of BIM/VDC; (II) gathering data to undertake a cross-country analysis of these environments; and (III) providing strategic and practical outcomes to guide the uptake of such processes in Australia. Activities which will inform this research include a review of academic literature and industry documentation, semi-formal interviews in Australia and Sweden, and a cross-country comparative analysis to determine factors affecting uptake and associated productivity improvements. These activities will seek to highlight the gaps between current-practice and best-practice which are impacting on widespread adoption of BIM/VDC and IPD. Early findings will be discussed with intended outcomes of this research being used to: inform a national public procurement strategy; provide guidelines for new contractual frameworks; and contribute to closing skill gaps.
The Temporal-Spatial Features of Pressure Pulsation in the Diffusers of a Large-Scale Vaned-Voluted Centrifugal Pump

A large-scale, vaned-voluted centrifugal pump can be applied as the key component in water-transfer projects. Pressure pulsation will be an important factor in affecting the operation stability. This paper researches the propagation and spatial distribution law of blade passing frequency (BPF) and its harmonics on the design condition by numerical simulation. Experimental and numerical monitoring is conducted for pressure pulsation on four discrete points in the vaneless region, which shows that the BPF is dominant. The pulsation tracking network (PTN) is applied to research propagation law and spatial distribution law. It provides a reference for frequency domain information and visualization vaned diffuser. The amplitude of BPF and its harmonics decays rapidly in the vaneless region. BPF and BPF’s harmonics influence each other. BPF has local enhancement in the vaneless region when its harmonics attenuate. In the vaned diffuser, the pulsation amplitude of BPF attenuates rapidly, but the local high-pressure pulsation amplitude can be found on the vane blade concave side because of obstruction and accumulation of the vaned diffuser. In the volute, the pulsation amplitude of BPF is low with the decelerating attenuation. This study provides an effective method for understanding the pressure pulsation law in turbomachinery and other engineering flow cases.
Clinical Implications of MiR128, Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Abnormalities and Their Association with T2D

Type 2 DM (T2D) results from the interaction of the genetic and environmental risk factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), and MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are involved in important physiological processes. Gene variations in VEGF, ACE and MiRNA genes are associated with diseases. In this study we investigated the associations of the VEGF-2578 C/A (rs699947), VEGF-2549 insertion/deletion (I/D), and ACE I/D rs4646994 and Mir128a (rs11888095) gene variations with T2D using the amplification refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR) and mutation specific PCR (MSP). We screened 122 T2D cases and 126 healthy controls (HCs) for the rs699947, and 133 T2D cases and 133 HCs for the VEGF I/D polymorphism. For the ACE I/D we screened 152 cases and 150 HCs, and we screened 129 cases and 112 HCs for the Mir128a (rs11888095). The results showed that the CA genotype of the VEGF rs699947 and D allele of the VEGF I/D polymorphisms were associated with T2D with OR =2.01, p-value = 0.011, and OR = 2.42, p-value = 0.010, respectively. The result indicated the D allele of the ACE ID was protective against T2D with OR = 0.10, p-value = 0.0001, whereas the TC genotype and the T allele of the Mir128a (rs11888095) were associated with increased risk to T2D with OR = 3.16, p-value = 0.0001, and OR = 1.68, p-value = 0.01, respectively. We conclude that the VEGF (rs699947), VEGF I/D and Mir128a (rs11888095) are potential risk loci for T2D, and that the D allele of the ACE ID polymorphism may be protective against T2D. These results help in identification and stratification for the individuals that at risk for T2D. However, future well-designed studies in different populations and with larger sample sizes are required. Moreover, studies to examine the effects of these polymorphisms on VEGF and ACE proteins are recommended.
Mixed signal SystemC modelling of a SoC architecture with Dynamic Voltage Scaling

Dynamic Voltage Scaling is a technique that reduces supply voltage and clock frequency, depending on system workload, with the aim of reducing power dissipation. This works is devoted to the modelling and integration in the same system level simulation environment of the analog DC-DC converter for Dynamic Voltage Scaling, the Dynamic Power Management and a test System on Chip with three Masters and two Slaves connected to the AMBA AHB bus. The DC-DC converter is described with a detail such that it is possible to verify the effect of the transient during the change of supply voltage on the performance of the DVS algorithm. SystemC and its extension SystemC-WMS have been used as description languages in which a system level description of the dynamic supply management coexists with the analog switching power converter and its control.