Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phase Compensation-Based Localization of Mixed Far-Field and Near-Field Sources

For mixed far-field (FF) and near-field (NF) source localization, most existing algorithms are developed for the scenario where the number of available data samples <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is much larger than the number of sensors <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Different from these methods, this letter attempts to deal with the scenario where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is large and of the same order of magnitude as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. To obtain a satisfied performance in such a scenario, the phase compensation result of the spike covariance matrix is first utilized to construct a modified spectral function and successively realize the DOA estimation of FF sources. Then, we exploit the oblique projection operation to extract the NF sources. Finally, DOA and range estimation for NF sources is achieved via two one-dimensional (1-D) spectral searches, where the reconstructed manifold vector combining the phase compensation result is used. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by computer simulations.
Rhombic slot antenna design with a pair of straight strips and two ∩‐shaped slots for WLAN/WiMAX applications

A novel multiband rhombic slot antenna with a truncated corner is proposed for wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications simultaneously. By introducing a pair of straight strips and two etched ∩‐shaped slots, the proposed antenna can operate in multibands. The prototype of the proposed antenna has been successfully constructed and tested. The 10 dB return loss bandwidths of them are 550 MHz (3.15–3.70 GHz) and 920 MHz (5.05–5.97 GHz), respectively, which can cover both the WLAN bands (5.15–5.35 GHz and 5.725–5.825 GHz) and the WiMAX bands (3.4–3.6 GHz and 5.25–5.85 GHz). In addition, good monopole‐like radiation characteristics with sufficient antenna gains are obtained over the operating bands. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1466–1469, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26837
Place attachment and perceptions of land-use change: cultural ecosystem services impacts of eucalyptus plantation expansion in Ubajay, Entre Ríos, Argentina

In recent decades, the landscape in northeastern Entre Ríos Province, Argentina has undergone significant changes because of the expansion of eucalyptus plantations. These plantations have generated perceived socioeconomic and environmental impacts and changes in ecosystem services in this traditionally agricultural region of the Argentine pampas. This study draws on the concept of sense of place as a cultural ecosystem service to explore residents’ perceptions of impacts from eucalyptus plantation expansion and to explain how place meanings can change in response to physical landscape change. Although scholars have posited an important link between sense of place and perceptions of land-use change impacts, there has been relatively little empirical work exploring these cultural, emotional, economic, and generational attachments to diverse landscapes, especially to working landscapes that are representative of broad land-use change occurring in many regions in the Global South. In-depth interviews and participatory mapping are used to document the range of place meanings and attachments for residents of the rural municipality of Ubajay, Entre Ríos, and to explore how residents have responded to land-use change. This research shows that sense of place may support community resilience, and thus, that place attachment may enhance adaptation to social-ecological change.
Transmission and detection techniques for Internet of Bio-Nano Things applications with static and mobile molecular communication: A survey

Recent studies have shown that designing communication systems at nanoscale and microscale for the Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT) applications is possible using Molecular Communication (MC), where two or multiple nodes communicate with each other by transmitting chemical molecules. The basic steps involved in MC are the transmission of molecules, propagation of molecules in the medium, and reception of the molecules at the receiver. Various transmission schemes, channel models, and detection techniques have been proposed for MC in recent years. This paper, therefore, presents an exhaustive review of the existing literature on detection techniques along with their transmission schemes under various MC setups. More specifically, for each setup, this survey includes the transmission and detection techniques under four different environments to support various IoBNT applications: (i) static transmitter and receiver in a pure-diffusive channel, (ii) static transmitter and receiver in a flow-induced diffusive channel, (iii) mobile transmitter and receiver in a pure-diffusive channel, (iv) mobile transmitter and receiver in a flow-induced diffusive channel. Also, performances and complexities of various detection schemes have been compared. Further, several challenges in detection and their possible solutions have been discussed under both static and mobile scenarios. Furthermore, some experimental works in MC are presented to show realistic transmission and detection procedures available in practice. Finally, future research directions and challenges in the practical design of the transmitter and receiver are described to realize MC for IoBNT health applications.
Estimating Monotonic Hazard Ratio Functions of Time

In non‐proportional hazards models, the hazard ratio for a unit increase in covariate value is not constant but varies over time. Existing approaches to estimating time‐varying log hazard ratio include various spline approximations and maximum penalised partial likelihood. We consider improvements to these methods under the plausible assumption that the hazard ratio changes from its short‐term to long‐term value in a monotonic fashion. A monotone B‐spline estimate based on equidistant knots with the last few coefficients constrained to be equal works reasonably well. We also propose a constrained maximum penalised partial likelihood approach with the constraints removed through re‐parameterisation. A novel feature of the proposed method is that it is based on a log product of spacings penalty rather than the usual roughness penalty, which makes selection of smoothing parameter easier. The utility of the proposed methods is demonstrated using a real data example and simulations.
Shear Strength Evaluation of Strengthened Unreinforced Brick Masonry Walls by Using Shotcrete

Old brick masonry structures have often performed very weak against seismic action. The need for strengthening them against earthquake proposes the idea of using shotcrete. This paper presents an experimental results of diagonal tension test performed on eight un-reinforced brick masonry wall prisms, two were un-reinforced controlled and the remaining six were shotcrete wall prisms with different buildup thickness layers of shotcrete mix. To study their in-plane shear behavior of with & without shotcreting, the wall prisms were made strictly following the masonry practice usually adopted in Pakistan. The controlled wall prisms were loaded to their ultimate resistance and then test was stopped in order to ensure the displacement-transducers safety. The remaining six-shotcrete wall prisms were tested to the displacements level at which the cracks disrupts the overall integrity of the prisms. The usefulness of the proposed strengthening practice was evaluated from the failure mode, &stress-strain relationship of the controlled & shotcrete wall prisms. The test outcomes show that the capacity of the shotcrete wall prisms was increases in a linear fashion with the shotcrete buildup thickness. The test results were compared in terms of shear strength, principle tensile strength,& shotcrete thickness. It is concluded that the technique is very effective in shear strengthening of walls also enhanced the ductile behavior of the strengthened wall prisms.
Fuzzy PID Controller with Coupled Rules for a Nonlinear Quarter Car Model

In this study, Fuzzy PID Control scheme is designed for an active suspension system. The main goal of an active suspension system for using in a vehicle model is reducing body deflections and handling high comfort for a passenger car. The present system was modelled as a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) nonlinear vehicle model. Keywords—Active suspension system, Fuzzy PID controller, a nonlinear quarter car model.
Segmented midsole hardness in the midfoot to forefoot region of running shoes alters subjective perception and biomechanics during heel-toe running revealing potential to enhance footwear

Purpose: Dual density midsole constructions at the lateral rearfoot and medial midfoot provide opportunities to improve cushioning and stability of running shoes. By similar mechanisms, non-uniform midsole density across the medio-lateral direction at the midfoot to forefoot may allow better negotiation of different loading magnitudes of the medial and lateral midfoot to forefoot during running. Thus, the effect of segmented midsole hardness at the midfoot to forefoot of running shoes on perception and biomechanics was examined. Methods: Four custom-made running shoes featured a three section longitudinal hardness pattern at midfoot to forefoot. The central section as well as the rearfoot section always had consistent medium hardness, whereas medial and lateral sections were systematically softer or harder. A sample of 24 runners participated in visual analogue scale based perception measurements and in recording of in-shoe plantar pressures, ground reaction forces, and multi-segment foot kinematics. Shoe effects were analysed by repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) (p<.05), followed by least significant difference (LSD) and Bonferroni adjusted post-hoc tests (p<.05) for discrete variables. Interaction of shank and foot segments was also analysed using motion-time curves. Results: Runners distinguished midsole hardness at the medial (p = .009) but not at the lateral midfoot to forefoot and indicated a trend (p = .069) preferring softer medial hardness. Plantar peak pressure (medial: p = .006, lateral: p = .000) and relative loads (medial: p = .000, lateral: p = .000) were increased when midsole sections were harder. Ground contact time (p = .045) and maximum loading rate I (p = .016) were higher for shoes having softer medial hardness, while rearfoot (p = .040) and forefoot (p = .001) showed increased maximum ankle eversion for these conditions. Conclusion: Segmented running shoe midsole hardness across the medio-lateral direction of the midfoot to forefoot influences subjective comfort and biomechanical forefoot stability. Findings allow systematic approaches to improve both features, thereby creating enhanced running footwear.
The Effects of Organic Certification on Shoppers’ Purchase Intention Formation in Taiwan: A Multi-Group Analysis of Structural Invariance

Labeling products with organic certification logos is a means of indicating to consumers that those products are government certified. However, in Taiwan, organic certification is not required before a food product claims itself organic. Since previous research showed that the COVID-19 lockdown effected both Spanish and Romanian subjects’ intention to purchase more sustainable products, the aim of this study was to determine whether the perception of organic certification labeling makes a difference in how organic shoppers’ purchasing intentions toward organic produce were realized. Data from organic produce shoppers were used to identify organic certification labeling differences. One group of shoppers was asked about their purchase behaviors toward government-certified organic produce labeled with the certification logo (N = 468), while the other was asked about their purchase behaviors toward self-claimed organic produce without a government certification logo (N = 403). Multi-group structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques were employed as the main method of analysis in this study. The results indicated that the hypothesized model was validated. In addition, through this process, it was clarified that this government organic certification labeling significantly enhances the influence of organic produce shoppers’ behavioral beliefs regarding organic produce on their attitudes.
Analytical determination of optimal split ratio of E-core permanent magnet linear oscillating actuators

The split ratio, i.e. the ratio of stator bore radius to stator outer radius, is an important design parameter for permanent magnet (PM) linear machines, as it significantly influences the thrust force capability and efficiency. The optimal split ratio for maximum thrust force is investigated analytically for both surface-mounted PM (SPM) and interior PM (IPM) E-core linear oscillating actuators. It utilizes simple lumped magnetic circuit models and accounts for the magnetic saturation, the curvature effect, the fringing effect and the armature reaction effect which may greatly affect the accuracy of the analytical model for the optimal split ratio. The optimal split ratio for both SPM and IPM prototype actuators is found to be around 0.55. The developed analytical models are validated by both finite element analyses and measurements.
Real-Time Error Correction for Quantum Computing

R andom errors incurred during computation are one of the biggest obstacles to unleashing the full power of quantum computers. Researchers have now demonstrated a technique that allows errors to be detected and corrected in real time as the computation proceeds. It also allows error correction to be conducted several times on a single quantum bit (qubit) during the calculation [1]. Both features are needed to make the basic elements—the logical qubits—of a fully error-tolerant quantum computer that can be scaled up and used for applications beyond the specialized ones that these machines have tackled so far.
FIELD EXPERIENCE: Integrating Classroom Learning And Research: The Pennsylvania Area Mobile Radar Experiment (PAMREX)

Abstract Instructors at The Pennsylvania State University report on their experience of developing a course in radar meteorology in conjunction with a field experiment utilizing the Doppler On Wheels (DOW) radars maintained by the Center for Severe Weather Research. The field experiment, coined the Pennsylvania Area Mobile Radar Experiment (PAMREX), was inextricably wedded to the classroom experience of the students. The unusual hands-on learning experience provided a firsthand taste of what research is all about, particularly field research, while also including fairly traditional lectures on the theoretical aspects of radar.
A new approach to optimise placement of wind turbines using particle swarm optimisation

In the present study, particle swarm optimisation has been used to resolve the placement of wind turbines in a wind park giving maximum power and efficiency with minimum number of turbines. Unlike past approaches where each plot was subdivided into smaller square grids at the centre of which a turbine can be placed, the present study does not require division of the plot. Thus, a turbine now has more flexibility to be placed anywhere outside a radius of 200 m of each other yielding better results. The case of unidirectional uniform wind is considered in this study. Along with the optimal layout, fitness value, total power output, efficiency and number of turbines have also been reported. Comparison with results of earlier study and possible explanation is also provided.
Analysis of a quasi-resonant circuit for soft-switched inverters

This paper presents an analysis of a quasi-resonant circuit for soft-switched inverters. The quasi-resonant circuit provides zero-voltage instants for zero-voltage inverter switching by pulling down the DC link voltage momentarily to zero without increasing the peak value of the nominal DC link voltage. Switches in the quasi-resonant circuit can also be turned off at zero current/voltage condition. The operating principle of this circuit is explained, and the analysis of each operating mode presented. Design criteria for achieving zero voltage switching are derived from the general mathematical analysis. Operation of the circuit has been verified by a PSPICE simulation. <<ETX>>
Systematics of Tephritid Fruit Flies: A Machine Learning Based Pest Identification System

: Tephritid fruit ﬂies (Diptera:Tephritidae) are the major economically important agricultural pests around the world. Numerous control measures are undergoing to reduce their abundance. An efﬁcient pest identiﬁcation system is a prerequisite for such tasks. Typically, the classiﬁcation/ identiﬁcation of different insect species is done based on either external body features or DNA barcoding. However, those approaches are time-consuming by nature, requiring expert knowledge in relevant ﬁelds. Several machine learning (ML) models have been successfully deployed in the ﬁeld of systematics, but there is a lack of ML models for fruit ﬂy species. This study aims to curate and validate a comprehensive tephritid image database and build ML models to automatically identify tephritids from mixed of tephritids and non-Tephritid dipteran ﬂies, and classify four major genera of notorious tephritid ﬂies, namely, Anastrepha, Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, and Bactrocera. The images of our experiment were collected from the iNaturalist database. The dataset is cleaned by removing uninformative images using a deep learning model (Inception-V3) and unsupervised k-mean clustering. Several state-of-the-art ML models are tested on the dataset, results in highest accuracy of 95.44% with EfﬁcientNet-B0 model to identify tephritid ﬂies. Moreover, the EfﬁcientNet-B2 model achieved 89.65% accuracy for classifying representatives of the major tephritid genus and showed the potential to enhance the identiﬁcation accuracy. Overall, this work of the systematics of harmful fruit ﬂies can be transformed into a practical and effective detection tool and can be implemented easily with existing agricultural pest control systems.
A compact integrated band‐pass filter on a low‐dielectric constant polyimide dry film

A new compact integrated tapped‐line combline filter, with metal‐insulator‐metal (MIM)‐type capacitive loads, is designed and fabricated using newly proposed micromachining techniques that employ a polyimide dry film as a dielectric layer. For increased uniformity of thickness, a dry‐film fabrication process is developed. The presented filter is realized with a relatively small size, 3.68 by 4.53 mm, on a polyimide dry film and shows up to 50% size reduction as compared with a general quarter‐wavelength filter. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 177–179, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11321
Service as value co‐production: reframing the service design process

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a methodological approach to design product service systems based on an active participation of customers to the value production process. Furthermore, the paper aims to present methods and techniques that can be used to understand local context and highly individualized needs, and to integrate local actors, including users in the value production process.Design/methodology/approach – Methods and tools presented in this paper are structured into three main categories: analytical tools, development tools and representation techniques. Such tools will be illustrated through examples from case studies.Findings – Methods and techniques presented in this paper are borrowed from other disciplines and adapted to the task of service design. The new methods relate to a new paradigmatic framework and are not easy to compare with existing methods, they are rather complementary to existing knowledge on service design.Practical implications – The new methodological app.
Phosphorus-induced change in root hair growth is associated with IAA accumulation in walnut

Walnut, an important non-wood product forest tree, has free root hairs in orchards. Root hairs are specialized cells originating from the root epidermis that are regulated by plant hormones, such as auxins. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect and mechanism of phosphorus stress on root hair growth of walnut (Juglans regia L.) seedings by auxin (IAA) biosynthesis and transport. Both low phosphorus (LP) and no phosphorus stresses (NP) heavily decreased plant height, leaf number, total root length, root surface, shoot and root biomass, and root nutrient contents. The LP treatment significantly increased root hair growth, accompanied with up-regulation of the positive regulation root hair growth gene JrCPC and down-regulation of the negative regulation root hair growth gene JrTTG1, while the NP treatment had opposite effects. The root IAA level, IAAO activities, IAA transport genes (JrAUX1, JrLAX1, and JrPIN1), and the biosynthesis genes (JrTAA1 and JrTAR1) were increased by the LP treatment, while the NP treatment decreased all of them. Interestingly, the auxin biosynthesis gene CsYUCCA1 was not affected, which suggested that P mainly affects root hair growth of walnut by regulating auxin transport, and then affects root nutrient absorption and plant growth.
How do Firms Develop Their Alliances Management Capability? A Case Study With a Multisector Brazilian Group Como as Firmas Desenvolvem a sua Capacidade de Gestão de Alianças? Um Estudo de Caso com um Grupo Brasileiro Multisetorial

The literature presents the elements that compose the Alliance Management Capacity (AMC). However, the understanding of how firms develop this capability is still a research gap. The objective of this paper is to investigate how firms develop in their internal scope the alliance management capability and the structures, tools, and processes involved. The study is based on a qualitative case study of a Brazilian multisector company that strongly relies on strategic alliances. The collected data consist of documents, observation, and interviews with 11 professionals who worked on the firm alliance’s management. The main results demonstrate the development of AMC within the firm by (1) demonstrating the high commitment that favors the creation of alliances, (2) creating independent structures to manage them, (3) associating with leaders to pursue growth through alliances, (4) to encourage internal knowledge exchanges between alliances. The paper contributes to the existing literature on alliances management capabilities by showing how this capability develops over time. As a managerial implication, the AMC development process described in this paper can serve as a reference for firms that aim to develop such capability.