Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of pre- and post-intervention levels of physical activity among sedentary Finnish mothers

Weldon T. Green and Elizaveta Novoradovskaya, 2012. Comparison of preand postintervention levels of physical activity among sedentary Finnish mothers. Master’s Thesis in Sport and Department of Sport Sciences. University of Jyvaskyla. 39 p. The 1990’s marked a shift in the academic understanding of health-enhancing physical activity that was different from the exercise-based physical fitness paradigm that ruled public health policy at the time. Since then, lifestyle physical activity has been incorporated into physical activity recommendations worldwide and recognized medically and culturally for its impact on many chronic health conditions. Lifestyle physical activity interventions (LPAI) increase moderate-intensity physical activity and decrease sedentarism. Interventions are mostly developed for big population clusters, like elderly people, children and adolescents, and people with chronic deseases, thus there is a knowledge gap concerning other population groups. In 1998 Dunn, Anderson and Jakicic called for testing LPAI in specific populations, such as mothers with newborns, in order to improve interventions targeting those populations. This study examines if there is any change in physical activity and sedentary behavior for two groups of stay-at-home (n = 14) and working Finnish mothers (n = 8) after a one year, group based LPAI. The LPAI was conducted by LIKES Foundation of Sport and Health Sciences. The LPAI was a small-group discussion based intervention that covered themes such as time use, social relationships, goal-setting, and barriers to physical activity. The structure of the LPAI was a once-per-month session that began and ended with a round of discussion, with a break for walking and socializing in the middle. Participant preferences for intervention structure and topics was solicited monthly and incorporated into the design. All mothers in the study but one had returned to work by the post measurement; therefore transitions to work and to motherhood are both well represented in this group. Measures of physical activity were taken via Harmonized European Time Use Survey and ActiGraph GT3X and GT1M accelerometers. The time use surveys were coded using MET values, assigned according to Ainsworth’s (2000) compendium of physical activity. Non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare values within group and a Kruskal-Wallis test with a post hoc Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare values between location and number of children. The aim of this study was to describe the change in physical activity among the intervention groups after a one year LPAI. Overall there was no increase in physical activity detected. Differences in physical activity at baseline between intervention groups were revealed: working mothers were significantly less active than stay-at-home mothers prior to intervention. The fact that levels of physical activity did not decrease, as is typical during the life transitions to motherhood and returning to work, is promising for future interventions and research in LPAI.
Estimation of wolf population density using spatial capture-recapture: refining methods for monitoring cryptic species

Wolves (Canis lupus) in Southeast Alaska have been proposed for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act first in 1993, and more recently in 2011. Reports of declining wolf populations sparked concern, in addition to high rates of logging and broad-scale succession patterns predicted to negatively impact Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis), the primary ungulate prey species of wolves in Southeast Alaska. Given the recurring interest of wolf viability in the region, and in order to manage wolves and their prey sustainably, it is imperative to obtain regular and reliable population estimates. However, monitoring wolves in temperate rainforests is challenging because the landscape obscures visibility and lowers success of traditional methods such as aerial surveys and radio collar mark-recapture. We used hair snares to collect DNA samples and spatially-explicit capture-recapture (SECR) models to estimate fall wolf density during 2012–2015 on northcentral Prince of Wales Island (POW), Alaska. We incorporated covariates including sex, behavioral responses, and site-specific changes in effectiveness of detection probability by fitting hybrid mixture models to the data. We also incorporated into our models landscape variables including forest habitats in various management conditions and succession stages to relate to wolf habitat selection. We concurrently implemented a traditional approach for comparison to the DNA-based SECR method using radiocollared wolf data to estimate population abundance with minimum counts and the size of wolf packs and pack territories. The results of the DNA-based SECR method proved to be more reliable, efficient, cost-effective, and robust than the traditional method, which was sensitive to violations of model assumptions. Our efforts to improve SECR density estimate precision by increasing the hair sampling intensity and area resulted in more wolf hair detections and redetections, and increased the number of unique wolves redetected. Based on multiple lines of evidence, we report a decline in wolf population abundance over the past 2 decades in northcentral POW. We conclude that DNA-based SECR is an effective tool for regular population monitoring, as is required in situations of elevated concern for the persistence of a population, and may simultaneously provide information on heterogeneous landscape use, an important wildlife management consideration in fragmented forests. PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints. 1946v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 9 Apr 2016, publ: 9 Apr 2016
Dynamic buckling of a base-excited thin cylindrical shell carrying a top mass ⋆

This paper considers dynamic buckling of a harmonically base-excited vertical cylindrical shell carrying a top mass. Based on Donnell’s nonlinear shell theory, a semi-analytical model is derived which exactly satisfies the (in-plane) boundary conditions. This model is numerically validated through a comparison with quasi-static and modal analysis results obtained using finite element modelling. The steady-state nonlinear dynamics of the base-excited cylindrical shell with top mass are examined using both numerical continuation of periodic solutions and standard numerical time integration. In these dynamic analyses the cylindrical shell is preloaded by the weight of the top mass. This preloading results in a single unbuckled stable static equilibrium state. A critical value for the amplitude of the harmonic base-excitation is determined. Above this critical value, the shell exhibits an instationary beating type of response with time intervals showing severe out-of-plane deformations (it buckles dynamically). Similar as for the static buckling case, the critical value highly depends on the initial imperfections present in the shell.
Comparative study to evaluate the effect of colloid coloading versus crystalloid coloading for prevention of spinal anaesthesia induced hypotension and effect on fetal Apgar score in patients undergoing elective lower segment caesarean section: a prospective observational study

Background: Spinal anesthesia for LSCS has a high incidence of maternal hypotension which can be severe and disastrous for the fetus and the mother. Coloading in these patients is a physiologically more appropriate method for preventing spinal anesthesia induced hypotension. Methods: 100 ASA I patients for elective LSCS were randomly divided into two equal groups to either receive 1000ml colloid (6% Hetastarch) or 1000ml crystalloids (Ringer lactate) as coload. NIBP, heart rate SPO2 and incidence of nausea and vomiting and use of ephedrine to treat any hypotension was recorded. Fetal outcome was measured using APGAR score at 0, 1 and 5 minutes. Results: The incidence of hypotension was lesser with colloid coload group (41.7%) as compared to the crystalloid coload group (58.3%) but the difference between the two groups was statistically insignificant. Similarly, no statistically significant difference was noted in the incidence of nausea and vomiting and Fetal APGAR score between the two groups. Conclusions: Both Colloid and Crystalloid coloading is effective in decreasing the incidence of spinal anesthesia induced hypotension during LSCS with lesser incidence of hypotension and nausea vomiting with colloid coloading.
The effect of task-relevant and task-irrelevant attentional cues and skill level on performance and knee kinematics of standing long jump

Background: Attention is one of the brain's most crucial cognitive functions playing a key role in performing motor skills. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of task-relevant and task-irrelevant attentional cues and skill level on performance and knee kinematics of standing long jump. Methods: Fifteen skilled (volleyball and basketball players) and fifteen novices (aged 19 to 27 years) were recruited. The task was the standing long jump test which was executed 9 times under 3 conditions (3 trials per condition). Participants in the control condition did not receive any attentional instruction. In task-relevant attentional cues condition, participants were instructed to focus on their ongoing skill and avoid paying attention to matters unrelated to the task. In task-irrelevant attentional cues condition, participants were instructed to focus on sound and after each jump expressed what had been the musical content. Kinematic data of knee joint was recorded by an 8-camera motion analysis system. Results: The result of mixed ANOVA showed that both novice and skilled groups had significantly greater jump distance and smaller initial knee angle in task-irrelevant attentional cues condition compared to task-relevant attentional cues condition (p = .001) and control condition (p = .001). There were no significant differences between the control and task-relevant attentional cues condition (p > .05). Conclusions: The result showed that focusing attention on task-irrelevant attentional cues improves standing long jump performance of both novice and skilled jumpers.
University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository

[ 1 ] This study characterizes the partitioning behavior of a significant fraction of the ambient organic aerosol through simultaneous measurements of gas and particle water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC). During the summer in Atlanta, WSOC gas/particle partitioning showed a strong RH dependence that was attributed to particulate liquid water. At elevated RH levels (> (cid:1) 70%), a significant increase in WSOC partitioning to the particle phase was observed and followed the predicted water uptake by fine particles. The enhancement in particle-phase partitioning translated to increased median particle WSOC concentrations ranging from 0.3–0.9 m g C m (cid:2) 3 . The results provide a detailed overview of the WSOC partitioning behavior in the summertime in an urban region dominated by biogenic emissions, and indicate that secondary organic aerosol formation involving partitioning to liquid water may be a significant aerosol formation route that is generally not considered. Citation: Hennigan, C. J., M. H. Bergin, J. E. Dibb, and R. J. Weber (2008), Enhanced secondary organic aerosol formation due to water uptake by fine particles, Geophys. Res. Lett. , 35 , L18801, doi:10.1029/2008GL035046.
Improving Inflation Forecasts in the Medium to Long Term

To accurately forecast the future rate of inflation, it is imperative to account for inflation’s underlying trend. This is especially important for medium- to long-run forecasts. In this Commentary I demonstrate a simple but powerful technique for incorporating this trend into standard statistical time series models and report the gains to accuracy. I find that incorporating the trend by modeling inflation as gap from an estimated underlying trend leads to substantial gains in forecast accuracy of about 20 percent to 30 percent, two to three years out.
Pilot Study to Confirm that Fat and Liver can be Distinguished by Spectroscopic Tissue Response on a Medipix‐All‐Resolution System‐CT (MARS‐CT)

NAFLD, liver component of the “metabolic” syndrome, has become the most common liver disease in western nations. Non‐invasive imaging techniques exist, but have limitations, especially in detection and quantification of mild to moderate fatty liver. In this pilot study, we produced attenuation curves from biomedical‐quality projection images of liver and fat using the MARS spectroscopic‐CT scanner. Difficulties obtaining attenuation spectra after reconstruction demonstrated that standard reconstruction programs do not preserve spectral information.
A Novel Security Scheme against Spyware using Sequence Selection of CAPTCHA as Graphical Password

our proposed work will be founded on Click-based graphical secret word plans require a client to tap on an arrangement of focuses on one or more exhibited foundation pictures. With Pass Points, clients make a secret word by clicking five requested focuses anyplace on the given picture. To sign in, clients should accurately rehash the succession of snaps, with every snap falling inside of a satisfactory resilience of the first point. To actualize this angle, alongside a plan changing over the client entered graphical secret key into a cryptographic check key, a "vigorous discretization" plan. It comprised of three covering lattices (imperceptible to the client) used to figure out if the snap purposes of a login endeavor were sufficiently close to the first indicates be acknowledged.
White-tailed Deer: Dispersers or Predators of American Ginseng Seeds?

Abstract As a result of game management practices and alterations in habitat, white-tailed deer populations (Odocoileus virginianus Z.) have increased to all time highs within the last century. Large herd numbers are having negative impacts at multiple levels in forest ecosystems, although there are many aspects that have not yet been investigated. One of the least understood impacts is the effect of deer browsing on the fate of valuable harvested understory species such as American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.). The objectives of this study were to quantify the natural frequency at which fruit-bearing ginseng plants are browsed by deer, to determine the amount of ginseng seeds consumed by deer and with feeding trials, to determine if white-tailed deer are seed dispersers or seed predators of American ginseng. Our results showed that fruits are frequently browsed in natural populations and that browsed seeds are most likely destroyed during the digestive process. The loss of ginseng seeds to deer browsing can negatively impact the seed bank and ultimately affect long term population growth and viability. Although white-tailed deer and American ginseng are managed species, effective growth of deer populations is adversely affecting ginseng, as well as other valuable forest species.
Isolation of high-quality DNA in 16 aromatic and medicinal Colombian species using silica-based extraction columns.

Aromatic and medicinal plant species are a valuable resource for research and development of pharmaceutical, cosmetic, crop protection and nutritional agents, due to the high amount of bioactive phytochemicals that they contain. However, these compounds are a major obstacle in the isolation of high-quality DNA suitable for genetic analyses. In this paper, we report a protocol that optimizes the use of the cationic detergent CTAB and the reductant β-mercaptoethanol in cell lysis. The elimination of plant secondary metabolites such as polysaccharides and polyphenols, that typically co-isolate with DNA, was achieved using the chemical denaturing properties of the guanidinium cation, which together with the adsorbent chemical specificity of the silica, resulted in the purification of high-quality DNA suitable for digestion with restriction enzymes and optimal for PCR amplification of AFLP-type molecular markers. This protocol was evaluated on 16 Colombian aromatic and medicinal plant species promising for their essential oils. The results allow suggesting that this procedure might be appropriate for other species, tissues and sample types recalcitrant to DNA extraction.
The Signaling Role of Promotions: New Evidence from European Firms

Using large-scale, nationally-representative, worker and rm-level panel datasets from Finland and Germany, and inferring time-varying, job-specic worker performance measures from bonus data, we provide new empirical evidence supporting the signaling role of promotions. Controlling for performance, promotion probabilities are increasing in educational attainment whereas wage increases from promotion are decreasing in educational attainment for some educational groups, with both results stronger for rst than for subsequent promotions. Women have lower promotion probabilities than men, though this dierence dissipates after
Ecosystem science and the sustainable management of marine resources: from Rio to Johannesburg

At the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, nations were asked to adopt new approaches for the protection and sustainable development of marine environments and resources. A decade later, overexploitation continues unabated. Scientists advocate the adoption of ecosystem-based management systems to curtail overexploitation, but we first need to improve our understanding of the functioning of marine ecosystems. If research in the past decade was successful in identifying ocean structures and patterns, particularly at the species level, in the coming years we should concentrate on understanding the functioning of entire ecosystems, moving from an age of exploitation to a new era of sustainability. This review is based on a presentation at the 2001 UNESCO-IOC Global Conference on Oceans and Coasts at the Johannesburg 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (also known as Rio + 10), aimed at providing a progress assessment on oceans and coasts in the 10 years since the Rio .
FARKLI SOSYOMETRIK STATÜLERDEKI ILKÖGRETIM II. KADEME

The present study is an investigation of the relationship of sociometric status, self concept, and loneliness levels of secondary school students. Participant were 407 six, seven, and eight grade students (193 girls and 214 boys). Lolleliness levels of the students were measured by Turkish version of UCLA Loneliness Scale that was adapted Turkish culture by Demir (1989). Sociometric data were gathered by using positive and negative 110minatiol1measure in which participants were classified into one of five groups (popular, rejected, neglected, controversial, and average). The scores obtained from this measure were evaluated by a method that of Coie, Dodge, and Coppotelli's (1982) standart score approach. Selfconcept levels of the students were measured by Turkish version of Piers-Harris SelfConcept [nventory, adapted to Turkish culture by Özyürek (1983). Results revealed that sociometric status was significantly related to loneliness, and self-concept. Results are discussed and some suggestions are made.
Determining Strength Loss from Decay

A formula for assessing strength loss due to decay was tested on hurricane broken trees and surviving trees exposed to hurricane force winds. When the formula was used with a 33% strength loss threshold, it would predict 50% of the failures in 90 mph winds while calling for "unnecessary" removal of 12% of surviving decayed trees.
An improvement in RTM method to image steep dip petroleum bearing structures and its superiority to other methods

In this paper, first the limitations of the ray-based method and the one-way wave-field extrapolation migration (WEM) in imaging steeply dipping structures are discussed by some examples. Then a new method of the reverse time migration (RTM), used in imaging such complex structures is presented. The proposed method uses a new wave-field extrapolator called the Leapfrog-Rapid Expansion Method (L-REM) for wave-field extrapolation. This improved method also includes a new imaging condition based on Poynting vector for wave-field separation and calculating the reflection angles. Afterwards, the results obtained for the application of the new RTM method are compared with those obtained by the harmonic-source method as a delay shot or plane wave RTM. Finally, the efficiency of these imaging methods is tested using the BP 2004 2D seismic dataset. The results obtained indicate the superiority of the presented RTM method in imaging such steep dip structures in comparison with the other imaging procedures.
Type D Personality in infarcted patients a study with the Rorschach projective technique

Background: The Type D personality is a vulnerability factor associated with the psychological suffering that affects the physical and mental health state. Literature shows that the Type D personality is defined by a combination of two independent constructs: the negative affectivity (NA) which refers to the tendency to experience negative emotions over time and in several situations; and the social inhibition (SI) or the tendency to inhibit emotions and behaviors in social interactions. Objective: The present study aims to explore the emotions of a group of patients with heart disease, through the use of the Rorschach projective tecnique. Method: Fourty subjects with an history of heart attack, aged between 32 and 76 years, were evaluated in order to find some possible indicators of Type D personality such as the quality of contents, movements response, popular responses and Erlebnistypus. Results: Findings shows that the majority of patients present a prevalence of responses belonging to Animal and Anatomy contents and the Erlebnistypus is mostly introversive. Conclusions: The study points out some scientific element useful both in research and in clinical practice, confirming the Rorschach potential in the assessment and identification of specific personality traits, involved in the Type D personality, that characterizes the majority of cardiac impared patients.
Species distribution modelling of benthic invertebrates in the south-eastern Baltic Sea

The distribution of benthic invertebrates is one of the key parameters for the marine spatial planning and management, however traditionally the data on benthic invertebrates are based on point sampling. Recently statistical methods of predictive modelling are used to create maps of species distribution, nevertheless, no comparative analysis of different modelling methods has been yet performed in the Baltic Sea region. In this study the occurrence and biomass distribution of 23 benthic species in the southeastern Baltic Sea were modelled. A comparison of the following predictive modelling methods was performed: random forests (RF), generalized additive models (GAM), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) and maximum entropy (MaxEnt). In order to assess the consistency of the methods, 100 iterations with different train/test datasets were made for each of them. Random forests achieved the highest predictive performance for both species occurrence and biomass distribution models; also it was the most consistent for different iterations. Predictive performance of GAMs and MARS followed RF, whereas MaxEnt accurately predicted occurrence only for the species with a relatively low distribution range.