Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Solution of the Electron Heat Transport Equation and Physics-Constrained Modeling of the Thermal Conductivity via Sequential Quadratic Programming Optimization in Nuclear Fusion Plasmas

The plasma electron temperature (Te) plays a critical role in a tokamak nuclear fusion reactor since temperatures on the order of 10K are required to achieve fusion conditions. Many plasma properties in a tokamak nuclear fusion reactor are modeled by partial differential equations (PDE’s) because they depend not only on time but also on space. In particular, the dynamics of the electron temperature is governed by a PDE referred to as the Electron Heat Transport Equation (EHTE). In this work, a numerical method is developed to solve the EHTE based on a custom finite-difference technique. The solution of the EHTE is compared to temperature profiles obtained by using TRANSP, a sophisticated plasma transport code, for specific discharges from the DIII-D tokamak, located at the DIII-D National Fusion Facility in San Diego, CA. The thermal conductivity (also called thermal diffusivity) of the electrons (χe) is a plasma parameter that plays a critical role in the EHTE since it indicates how the electron temperature diffusion varies across the minor effective radius of the tokamak. TRANSP approximates χe through a curve-fitting technique to match experimentally measured electron temperature profiles. While complex physicsbased model have been proposed for χe, there is a lack of a simple mathematical model for the thermal diffusivity that could be used for control design. In this work, a model for χe is proposed based on a scaling law involving key plasma variables such as the electron temperature (Te), the electron density (ne), and the safety factor (q). An optimization algorithm is developed based on the Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) technique to optimize the scaling factors appearing in the proposed model so that the predicted electron temperature and magnetic flux profiles match predefined target profiles in the best possible way. A simulation study summarizing the outcomes of the optimization procedure is presented to illustrate the potential of the proposed modeling method.
Eddy Shape, Orientation, Propagation, and Mean Flow Feedback in Western Boundary Current Jets

This manuscript revisits a study of eddy‐mean flow interactions in an idealized model of a western boundary current extension jet using properties of the horizontal velocity correlation tensor to diagnose characteristics of averageeddyshape,orientation,propagation,andmeanflowfeedback.Theseeddycharacteristicsarethenused toprovideanewdescriptionoftheeddy‐meanflowinteractionsobservedintermsofdifferentingredientsofthe eddy motion. The diagnostics show patterns in average eddy shape, orientation, and propagation that are consistent with the signatures of jet instability in the upstream region and wave radiation in the downstream region. Together they give a feedback onto the mean flow that gives the downstream character of the jet and drives the jet’s recirculation gyres. A breakdown of the eddy forcing into contributions from individual terms confirms the expected role of cross-jet gradients in meridional eddy tilt in stabilizing the jet to its barotropic instability; however, it also reveals important roles played by the along-jet evolution of eddy zonal‐meridional elongation. It is the mean flow forcing derived from these patterns that acts to strengthen and extend the jet downstream and forces the time-mean recirculation gyres. This understanding of the dependence of mean flow forcing on eddy structural properties suggests that failure to adequately resolve eddy elongation could underlie the weakened jet strength, extent, and changed recirculation structure seen in this idealized model for reduced spatial resolutions. Further, it may suggest new ideas for the parameterization of this forcing.
Morphological Variation of Six Pigmented Rice Local Varieties Grown in Organic Rice Field in Sengguruh Village, Kepanjen District, Malang Regency

Indonesia is the third richest country for pigmented rice source such as Wojalaka black rice of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Manggarai of NTT, Toraja of South Sulawesi, Cempo Ireng of Central Java and red rice of Aek Sibundong (leading variety) and Baubau of Southeast Sulawesi. However, the morphological character of pigmented rice in Indonesia is less reported. The objective of research was to compare the morphological variation of root, stem, leaf, panicle, floret and the colour of milk mature grain and mature grain by observing the vegetative and generative parts of six local rice varieties. Research had been conducted from February 2012 to February 2014 in Sengguruh Village, Kepanjen District, Malang Regency. This study type was quasi-experiment with eleven replications. Group Random Design was used. The observation was given upon vegetative, reproductive and maturity phases as groups. Independent variables in this study were six rice varieties, while the dependent variable was morphological variation (root, stem, leaf, panicle, floret, milk mature grain and mature grain). The analysis of multivariate data in cluster and biplot was carried out with PAST. The result of the study indicated that there was morphological difference on stem, leaf, panicle, floret, milk mature grain and mature grain. The colour of the stem in Aek Sibundong variety was purple, while that of other varieties was green. Toraja and Manggarai varieties had the highest height with 163-168 cm, followed by Cempo Ireng with 139 cm, Wojalaka and Baubau with 110-112 cm. Aek Sibundong Variety had the lowest height with 99 cm. Aek Sibundong and Wojalaka varieties had 6-7 internodes which were the greatest number of internode, while other varieties only had 4-5 internodes. Some varieties, such as Aek Sibundong, Wojalaka and Baubau had short and small leaf. The leaflet angle of Aek Sibundong and Baubau were 14o and it might be said as upright, while that of Wojalaka was 43o or moderate. Cempo Ireng, Manggarai and Toraja had its 63-88o of the leaflet angle or it was said as flat. Cempo Ireng and Wojalaka were included into Rice Indica Group while Toraja, Manggarai, Cempo Ireng and Baubau belonged to Rice Javanica Group. There were two morphological groups. Group 1 included Toraja, Manggarai and Cempo Ireng, while Group 2 consisted of Aek Sibundong, Baubau and Wojalaka.
Feedback on feedback on feedback: It's feedforward

The central thesis of our target article is that feedback is never necessary in spoken word recognition. In this response we begin by clarifying some terminological issues that have led to a number of misunderstandings. We provide some new arguments that the feedforward model Merge is indeed more parsimonious than the interactive alternatives, and that it provides a more convincing account of the data than alternative models. Finally, we extend the arguments to deal with new issues raised by the commentators such as infant speech perception and neural architecture.
New Analytical Bounds on the Probability of Code-Word Error for Convolution Codes with Viterbi Decoding

New analytical bounds are developed for the probability of code-word error in a communication system with convolutional coding and soft-decision Viterbi decoding. The bounds are applicable to communications in channels with asynchronous interferers which are modeled as independent, partial-time white Gaussian interference sources. This model is often used in simulations to reflect the circumstances encountered in many packet radio communication networks. The new results include both purely analytical bounds and offline-simulation-aided bounds that permit implementation of accurate communication-link models with much lower online computational and storage requirements than are required with traditional Monte Carlo simulations of link performance. They significantly improve the trade-off that has previously existed between model fidelity and simulation complexity in Monte Carlo simulations of large-scale wireless communication networks with links employing convolutional coding.
Exploring gender's differences on purchase intentions of prototypical and me-too brands

The current study examines gender’s differences on self-confidence, perceived quality, extrinsic attributes, perceived risk and purchase intentions of prototypical and me-too brands from a Generation Y perspective. A pen and paper survey was administered to 348 students at three Australian universities. Males held significantly higher perceived social/physical and financial/performance risks than females for the prototypical brand. Males also demonstrated significantly higher perceived social/physical and time risks than females for the me-too brands. However, males had significantly higher self-confidence in both the prototypical and me-too brands, and also higher purchase intentions for the me-too brands than females. Understanding the factors underlying Generation Y’s consumer behavior is important due to their considerable consumption potential and the increasing sophistication of brands in the marketplace. INTRODUCTION There is a general consensus amongst researchers that Generation Y (Gen Y) ranges from 1977 to 1994 (e.g., Bartlett, 2004; Sullivan and Heitmeyer, 2008), making the cohort the largest demographic segment of consumers in most developed countries (Rugimbana, 2007). Gen Y consumers are more aware of their purchasing power and are likely to spend their cash as quickly as they acquire it, usually on consumer goods and personal services (Der Hovanesian, 1999). Shaped by Nintendo and MTV, Gen Y holds civic and hopeful perceptions along with grand ambitions (Marciniak, 2002). While susceptible to chronic boredom, short attention spans and mistrust of the media (Paul, 2001), they are early adopters of new technologies and are extensive internet users (Kumar and Lim, 2008). Gen Y appears to be fickle and contradictory (Bartlett, 2004). Yet, they are socially (Sullivan and Heitmeyer, 2008), environmentally (Harwood, 2002) and brand conscious, demonstrating willingness to pay more for brands that represent quality (Sullivan and Heitmeyer, 2008). Prototypical brand leaders promise better quality, are conveniently packaged, more accessible and more responsive to after-sales service, giving them higher visibility
CURRENT AND NOVEL LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC METHODS AND IDENTIFICATION OF CAUSATIVE AGENTS FOR CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) annually imposes high socio-economic burdens on societies. Although among diagnostic methods, microscopic and or culture methods are considered as golden standard due to their high specificity, but their sensitivities are variable. Today, present microscopic method is considered as the most valid and available method for diagnosis of CL. However, different methods with higher sensitivities are introduced for diagnosis of this disease amongst which improved micro culture has high specificity (100%) and sensitivity (98.4%). Moreover, among other diagnostic methods, various molecular and biochemical methods are developed for detection and characterization (typing) of Leishmania spp. Study of isoenzyme profiles (zymodemes) is considered as golden standard for typing and microsatellite is suggested as an alternative method. Recently, novel methods such as LAMP isothermal technique with high specificity, NASBA and HRM are also evaluated. The current study provides a more detailed overview of novel and routine diagnostic methods for cutaneous leishmaniasis.
A meta-barcoding census of freshwater planktonic protists in Appalachia – Natural Tunnel State Park, Virginia, USA

The purpose of our study was to survey the freshwater planktonic protists within an inland natural preserve in the Ridge and Valley physiographic province of the Appalachian Region using metabarcoding. Microbial eukaryotes are essential primary producers and predators in small freshwater ecosystems, yet they are often overlooked due to the difficulty of identification. This has been remedied, in part, by the cost reduction of high throughput DNA sequencing and the growth of barcode databases, making the identification and analysis of microorganisms by way of metabarcoding surveys in complex ecosystems increasingly feasible. Water samples were collected from five sites at the Natural Tunnel State Park in Scott County, VA (USA), representing three common bodies of water found in this region. Samples were initially collected during a Bioblitz event in April 2016 and then seven and fourteen weeks afterwards. Metabarcode analysis of the 23S and 18S genes identified 3663 OTUs representing 213 family level and 332 genus level taxa. This study provides an initial barcode census within a region that has a reputation as a temperate biodiversity “hotspot”. The overall protist diversity was comparably high to other temperate systems, but not unusually high; the microalgal diversity, however, was higher than that reported for other temperate regions. The three types of water bodies had their own distinctive protist biomes despite close proximity.
The role of intraspecific predation in the survival of juvenile wolverines Gulo gulo

Wolverine Gulo gulo populations have a low reproductive potential and are thus relatively sensitive to changes in survival rates. Consequently, knowledge about survival and mortality causes in juvenile wolverines is important for a sound management of the species. We estimated survival rates for juvenile wolverines and evaluated the relative importance of intraspecific predation compared to other mortality causes in northern Scandinavia during 1993–2001. We monitored 80 radio-marked juvenile wolverines from May to February. Intraspecific predation was the most important cause of juvenile mortality and occurred during two periods. First, seven juveniles were killed in May-June when still altricial, i.e. infanticide. Second, four juvenile females were killed by conspecifics outside their mothers' territories after independence in August–September. The survival rate of radio-marked juveniles during May-February was 0.68. There was a strong tendency for survival to be lower during the summer when juveniles were altricial, than after they became independent. The estimates of survival rates and mortality causes provided by this study are important for the understanding of wolverine population dynamics. Currently, our data are too weak to suggest an explicit explanation for infanticide in spring/early summer. Still, in the light of the available information on wolverine life history and infanticide patterns in other species, we suggest two, not mutually exclusive, hypotheses to consider for further investigation: 1) males kill non-related juveniles to increase their reproductive success, and 2) females kill non-related juveniles to reduce competition for resources. In addition, attention should be given to the alternative hypothesis that infanticide in wolverines is non-adaptive. Finally, we suggest that independent juvenile females were killed by resident females in territorial defence.
High genetic diversity within island-like peripheral populations of Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum, a species with a northern geographic distribution

Isolated and island-like populations at the periphery of a geographic range of a given species are usually predicted to have low genetic diversity due to founder effect, habitat fragmentation, and bottleneck and/or inbreeding. As for parasitic plants, they may be more vulnerable to environmental and demographic stochasticities, habitat degradation, and genetic limitation because of their specialized life-history strategies depending on i.e. host plants. Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum is a hemiparasitic species with a strongly fragmented geographic range in Eurasia whose small, isolated, island-like populations are scattered at the periphery of its geographic range. I studied its genetic diversity patterns at the western periphery of the species' range (Poland) using AFLP markers in order to unravel how isolation, population size and life-history traits (i.e. type of reproduction) influence its population genetic structure. Despite the geographic isolation among the four investigated populations (ca. 35–350 km), and irrespective of their small population sizes (14–50 individuals) and areas (6–100 m2) they preserved relatively high genetic diversity (Fragpoly= 46.7%-54.6%, Shannon's I = 0.222-0.241) in comparison with other polyploid, long-lived and outcrossing perennials, and significantly higher than that in the other Pedicularis species. Among the factors generating such high genetic diversity is the polyploid origin of this species. Additionally, sexual reproduction, the breeding system, and seed dispersal seem responsible for the patterns of within-population spatial genetic structure. The moderate genetic differentiation among populations (FST = 0.154) and the evidence of recent genetic admixture of populations, as well as genetic similarity among all investigated individuals suggested that gene flow may be relatively high and multi-directional, reflecting recent range expansion of the study species in Europe. I considered that the estimates of genetic differentiation supported the possibility of repeated colonization from different source populations.
Two-Machine Flowshop Batching and Scheduling

We consider in this paper a two-machine flowshop scheduling problem in which the first machine processes jobs individually while the second machine processes jobs in batches. The forming of each batch on the second machine incurs a constant setup time. The objective is to minimize the makespan. This problem was previously shown to be NP-hard in the ordinary sense. In this paper, we first present a strong NP-hardness result of the problem. We also identify a polynomially solvable case with either anticipatory or non-anticipatory setups. We then establish a property that an optimal solution for the special case is a lower bound for the general problem. To obtain near-optimal solutions for the general problem, we devise some heuristics. The lower bound is used to evaluate the quality of the heuristic solutions. Results of computational experiments reveal that the heuristics produce solutions with small error ratios. They also suggest that the lower bound is close to the optimal solution.
Does the TPACK framework help to design a more engaging learning environment

This paper describes an attempt to design an e-learning course within a framework that combines theoretical underpinnings with pedagogy and content knowledge. It focuses on how a university lecturer can facilitate learning that integrates pedagogical and technological knowledge. The Technology Pedagogy And Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework enables new ways of thinking about technology integration and emphasises the intersection of these three domains: technology, pedagogy and content knowledge. Students’ involvement in a blended learning course and their reflections were examined to provide a picture of the synergy or lack there of in relation to this framework. This paper offers a look at the intersections of the TPACK domains to consider how the use of Web 2 technologies in teaching complement the other domains. It also describes how students assessed the combination of the technological, pedagogical and content knowledge domains in their learning experiences.
QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY Comparison of ANOVA Alternatives Under Variance Heterogeneity and Specific Noncentrality Structures

The present Monte Carlo study compared the Type I error properties and power of four commonly recommended analysis of variance (ANOVA) alternatives for testing mean differences under variance heterogeneity. The Welch (1951), Brown and Forsythe (1974), Kruskal-Wallis (Kruskal & Wallis, 1952), and inverse normal scores (van der Waerden, 1952) tests, and the ANOVA itself, were evaluated in the three- and four-group cases. On the basis of superior control of Type I errors and greater power, the Welch test proved to be the procedure of choice when means were equally spaced, when extreme means were paired with small variances, and when two identical means were situated midway between two extreme means. This recommendation applies whether sample sizes are equal or directly or inversely paired with variances. When extreme means were paired with large variances, the Brown and Forsythe test was optimal, though less clearly so. Discussion focuses on the relation of these findings to previously published conclusions, particularly the assertion that the Ftest is the procedure of choice under equal sample size heterogeneous variance conditions. The one-way fixed effects analysis of variance (ANOVA) is the statistical procedure most commonly used by behavioral scientists to test the equality of AT independent means (Edgington, 1974). Thus, conclusions concerning the effects of violating the assumptions underlying the ANOVA have important implications for researchers. We focus on the assumption of homogeneous variances in the K populations. When sample sizes are equal, the ANOVA is generally considered robust to violations of this requirement, provided sample sizes are not unduly small and variances are not inordinately heterogeneous (e.g., Box, 1954; Horsnell, 1953). Unfortunately, as a large number of previous investigations have shown, the ANOVA is not robust to variance heterogeneity when sample sizes are unequal. It becomes overly conservative (yielding insufficient power) when larger variances are paired with larger sample sizes (direct pairing), and overly liberal (yielding too many Type I errors) when variances and sample sizes are inversely paired (for a review, see Glass, Peckham, & Sanders, 1972). These latter findings suggest that behavioral researchers would benefit greatly from information concerning the relative merits of alternatives to the ANOVA for testing mean differences under variance heterogeneity. For this reason, we compared the Type
Temperature response functions and their uncertainties

Temperature response functions introduce high uncertainty in modelled carbon stocks in cold temperature regimes H. Portner, H. Bugmann, and A. Wolf Forest Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland Received: 8 July 2009 – Accepted: 3 August 2009 – Published: 12 August 2009 Correspondence to: H. Portner (hanspeter.portner@env.ethz.ch) Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.
Management practices of small-firm networks and the performance of member firms

Even considering a small-firm network as a new organizational form, few studies analyze how network management practices may influence the performance of member firms. To help overcome this gap, we conducted a survey with 242 firms associated with 49 small-firm networks in Brazil. The results show that collective planning, evaluation, communication, innovation, services offered by the network, leadership, and also the entrepreneurs’ orientation to business development have a positive influence on firms’ performance. The study contributes to the organizational literature and practice as it identifies a set of management practices that influence the performance of firms in small-firm networks.