Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Substitution of hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with iron supplement: A prospective randomized clinical study

Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common form of anemia. Women who are pregnant or lactating and young children are the most affected. Iron protein acetyl aspartilate is a ferroprotein complex that is more efficient versus iron protein succinylate in relatively short periods of time, for example 30 days. Objective: The aim of this clinical study was to investigate the efficacy of acetyl aspartate iron protein supplement in the treatment of anemia in pregnant women after the first trimester. This is the first real-time clinical study testing the usage of an iron protein supplement in a specific population, as there are not sufficient data for such studies in the literature. Study Design: 28 pregnant women with hemoglobin < 10.5 gr/dL and after completing the 12 week of pregnancy, initiated acetyl aspartate protein iron at a daily dose yielding 80g of elemental iron in two uptakes. Similarly, 35 women were studied who received different iron supplements at the same daily dose. After 30 days, hemoglobin values were measured. Inclusion criteria included: age > 18, gestational week > 12, Hb < 10.5 g/dL, Ht < 32%. Exclusion criteria included: age <18, pregnancy < 12 weeks, many pregnancies, history: allergy to iron preparations, ulcer, cirrhosis, hemodialysis, hemochromatosis, aplastic anemia, chronic disease anemia, pancreatitis, renal disease. Results: Treatment with acetyl aspartylated iron lead to higher levels of hemoglobin after four weeks of treatment. Following successive measurements of hemoglobin levels in the 28 women of the study group, Hb levels increased from an initial mean Hb value of 10.04 gr/dL to 10.69 gr/dL. In the control group of 35 pregnant women, an increase in the mean hemoglobin from Hb was observed from 9.99 gr/dL to 10.46 gr/dL. The difference was statistically significant with p < 0.0001. Conclusions: The use of acetyl aspartate iron protein is a very promising option, as there has been an increase in hemoglobin levels to 0.5 gr/dL.
Evaluation of physicochemical and antioxidant properties of nanosized copolymeric micelles loaded with kaempferol

The study was focused on the evaluation of two copolymers as micellar carriers for kaempferol delivery. The copolymers comprised identical hydrophilic blocks of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and different hydrophobic blocks of either poly(ε-caprolactone) (PDMAEMA9-b-PCL70-b-PDMAEMA9) or poly(propylene oxide) (PDMAEMA13-b-PPO69-b-PDMAEMA13). The calculation of Flory-Huggins parameters and determination of encapsulation efficiency showed that PDMAEMA-b-PCL-b-PDMAEMA copolymer possessed higher capacity for kaempferol loading. The diameter of the micelles before and after lyophilization was not changed, suggesting that the micelles could be lyophilized and redispersed before administration. The in vitro release of kaempferol from PDMAEMA-b-PPO-b-PDMAEMA micelles was faster than the release from PDMAEMA-b-PCL-b-PDMAEMA micelles, probably due to the higher affinity of kaempferol to this copolymer. Further, the higher affinity resulted in a retention of antioxidant activity of kaempferol in the presence of DPPH and KO2 radicals. Thus, PDMAEMA-PCL-PDMAEMA was considered more appropriate carrier because of the higher encapsulation efficiency and preservation of antioxidant activity of the drug.
Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)

Kurtzke JF. Rating neurological impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale. Score Criteria 0 Normal neurological exam (all grades 0 in Functional Systems [FS]; cerebral grade 1 acceptable). 1.0 No disability, minimal signs in one FS (ie, grade 1, excluding cerebral grade 1). 1.5 No disability, minimal signs in more than one FS (more than one grade 1 excluding cerebral grade 1). 2.0 Minimal disability in one FS (one FS grade 2, others 0 or 1). 2.5 Minimal disability in two FS (two FS grade 2, others 0 or 1). 3.0 Moderate disability in one FS (one FS grade 3, others 0 or 1) or mild disability in three or four FS (three/four FS grade 2, others 0 or 1) though fully ambulatory. 3.5 Fully ambulatory but with moderate disability in one FS (one grade 3) and one or two FS grade 2; or two FS grade 3; or five FS grade 2 (others 0 or 1). 4.0 Fully ambulatory without aid, self-sufficient, up and about some twelve hours a day despite relatively severe disability consisting of one FS grade 4 (others 0 or 1), or combinations of lesser grades exceeding limits of previous steps. Able to walk without aid or rest for some 500 meters. 4.5 Fully ambulatory without aid, up and about much of the day, able to work a full day, may otherwise have some limitation of full activity or require minimal assistance, characterised by relatively severe disability, usually consisting of one FS grade 4 (others grade 0 or 1), or combinations of lesser grades exceeding limits of previous steps. Able to walk without aid or rest for some 300 meters. Ambulatory without aid or rest for some 200 meters; disability severe enough to impair full daily activities (e.g. to work a full day without special provisions). (Usual FS equivalents are one grade 5 alone, others 0 or 1; or combinations of lesser grades usually exceeding specifications for step 4.0). Ambulatory without aid or rest for about 100 meters; disability severe enough to preclude full daily activities. (Usual FS equivalents are one grade 5 alone, others 0 or 1; or combinations of lesser grades usually exceeding specifications for step 4.0).
Dilated Denoising U-Net Network Improving the Adversarial Robustness

The adversarial attack generates adversarial samples by adding subtle perturbations to the image. Such perturbations are usually very small and undetectable, but the neural network will give completely different results from the real sample. Adversarial example completely fools the neural network. Therefore, it is very important to develop effective defending model. Convolutional neural networks have successfully achieved adversarial robustness by removing noise in adversarial samples. However, the convolutional neural network involves multiple layers, and the denoising model contains a large number of parameters. This paper proposes a dilated convolutional denoising U-Net network to remove adversarial sample noise. Compared with the previously proposed denoising U-Net, our model has fewer layers. Dilated convolution is used in the convolutional layer to expand the receptive field. Use zero padding to ensure that the output dimensions are consistent with the input dimensions We conducted experiments on the ImageNet dataset. The experiments show that the extended of the receptive field can enhance the ability of the U-Net network to capture detailed image information, enhance denoising performance, and effectively improve the robustness at a lower computing cost.
Current‐mode body‐biased switch to increase performance of linear charge pumps

This letter introduces a novel scheme to improve charge transfer switches in linear charge pumps. The proposed approach relies on the reduction of the threshold voltage of the transistor implementing each charge transfer switch by forcing a current into its bulk junction. Simulation results using a 130‐nm standard complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Recent changes in rice production in rainfed lowland and irrigated ecosystems in Thailand

ABSTRACT While Thailand is a major rice exporting country in the world, the yield is low among Asian countries. In order to identify factors determining the changes in rice productivity in the country for the last 45 years (1974–2018), various data on production statistics from the Office of Agricultural Economics were analysed for two key regions of rainfed lowland-based Northeast Thailand and irrigated lowland-based Central Thailand. Rice yield increase in Thailand was slower in the first 16 years to 1989, but more rapid to 2011 followed by a large fluctuation in more recent time, and this pattern reflected in the pattern of rice production in the country. The changes in rice production were partly associated with the changes in irrigation water availability affecting dry season rice area and grain yield, thus increasing total production up to 2011, but thereafter decreasing production. The changes in production were also associated with other factors such as increased fertiliser application rate in early years, proportion of modern high yielding varieties adopted in Central Thailand in early years, and continuous agronomic improvement in Northeast Thailand throughout the whole period. In Northeast Thailand where the largest rice production takes place in the country, the same varieties of high grain quality but rather limited yield potential have dominated since 1974, indicating the importance of grain quality rather than high varietal yield in determining the total rice production in the country. Government policy has appeared to have affected the production, though it is not quantified in the study. Graphical abstract
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy for bacteria analysis: a review

Abstract Surface Enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique was developed to provide a high enhancement of Raman scattering from molecules adsorbed on nanostructured noble metal surfaces. This technique has gained tremendous interest in the past few years for the detection, identification and quantification of bacteria. Indeed, compared to the standard methods based on bacteria culture, SERS has many advantages in particular in terms of analysis time, sensitivity and sample preparation. The aim of this review is to provide an overview and a discussion of the SERS methods developed for bacteria analysis over the last 20 years. To well assess the technical issues of such developments, this literature review is presented after having described the physical and chemical phenomena involved in the Raman scattering enhancement as well as the different types of noble metal substrates that can be used.
Comparing empirical models for sediment and phosphorus transfer from soils to water at field and catchment scale under data uncertainty

Soils are important sources of sediment and phosphorus in rural catchments, necessitating the development of mathematical models for impact assessment. In this paper, multiple empirical models are tested on an event basis at four nested locations in an intensively managed grassland headwater catchment while accounting for parameter and data uncertainties using extended Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE). The study provides the first template of model comparison under data uncertainty in soil erosion and phosphorus transfer modelling as well as hypotheses of soil and water processes in the study catchment. A fodder field, yielding large sediment and phosphorus concentrations in runoff, is characterized by inter‐event variation in sediment‐discharge relationship, mild intra‐event hysteretic behaviour and seemingly random erosion incidents. Sediment‐discharge variation is partly formalized by parameter variation as a function of antecedent soil moisture, indicative of a gradual shift from transport‐ to source‐limited behaviour, decreasing soil erodibility and/or decreasing initial flow erosivity and transport capacity with increasing antecedent wetness. The catchment outlet appears to be source‐limited while converging flows with different sediment concentrations, variable erosion processes and/or sporadic entrainment of near‐ or in‐stream sediments gain importance. Phosphorus dynamics are strongly linked to those of sediment. Non‐linearities can be explained by preferential transfer of phosphorus‐rich organic matter at small flows while there is no significant evidence of preferential transfer of phosphorus‐rich mineral fines. Iterating between collecting data, constraining uncertainties and rejecting and improving models is suggested as a consistent framework for understanding soil erosion and phosphorus movement.
In vitro Callogenesis and Organogenesis from Carolina Reaper (Syn. Capsicum Chinense Jacq.) and Chromosomal Analysis

Aims: The aim of this paper is to develop an in vitro organogenesis and callogenesis protocol for Carolina Reaper pepper, and to determine the karyotype and nucleoli of this cultivar. Methodology: The MS medium with supplemented with indole-3-butyric (0, 1, 2 and 4 mg L -1 ) and kinetin (0, 1, 2 and 4 mg L) was used. The leaves and nodal segments of Carolina reaper was utilized for the callogenesis and organogenesis induction. The responses to growth regulators were evaluated 30 days of cultivation. The meristematic tissue was pre-treated with 0.05% (w/v) of colchicine for six hours at 18°C. The samples were fixed in Carnoy for 12 hours. Chromosomal observations were made with binocular optical microscope (Leica DM 750) and the cells in good condition for counting the chromosomes and karyotype assembly were photographed. Results were Original Research Article Gomes et al.; BJI, 24(5): 1-11, 2020; Article no.BJI. 58839 2 presented as mean ± standard deviation and were compared by the two-way Analysis of Variance. The means were separated according to Tukey test (P = 0.05). Results: Calli were induced from both leaf and stem segments when indole-3-butyric 0 mg L + kinetin 1 mg L were used. Development of shoots in leaf and stem segment were obtained when indole-3-butyric 2 mg L -1 + kinetin 4 mg L -1 were used, and roots regenerated with indole-3-butyric 4 mg L + kinetin 1 mg L. It was found two nucleoli in every cell interphase, suggesting that two nucleolar organizer regions are expressing their ribosomal genes. Karyotype analysis indicated a chromosome number of 2n = 24, which is correlation with other Capsicum genus varieties. It was observed 1 or 2 nucleoli per nucleus of both types, homomorphic and heteromorphic. The results can help in programs of breeding and conservation of this cultivar and other species of pepper. Conclusion: Using the concentrations of growth hormones indicated in the present report, it could be possible to regenerate leaves and nodal segments in vitro clones from the original genotype. We have also described the chromosome number and nucleolus number of Carolina reaper, generating a data that could help in programs of breeding, as in the generation of polyploid plants and conservation species of pepper.
Perancangan Arsitektur Bisnis Pada Industri Aluminium Foil Menggunakan Togaf

Teknologi memiliki dampak besar dalam kehidupan manusia, peran teknologi informasi tidak diragukan lagi dalam bidang manufaktur misalnya. PT. Bumi Poly Imas Industries (BPII) merupakan sebuah perusahaan manufaktur yang menghasilkan produk almunium foil dan rotogravure, PT. BPII sudah menerapkan teknologi sistem informasi melalui pemakaian aplikasi yaitu Accurate, Solution dan Payroll yang digunakan pada untuk membantu kinerja dari bagian pergudangan (warehouse), finance, dan penggajian. Namun penerapan tersebut masih belum maksimal dalam membantu proses bisnis dalam perusahaan agar mampu bertahan dalam persaingan bisnis, mempunyai kinerja dari karyawan yang optimal, dan memberikan yang terbaik bagi client. Sehingga diperlukan pengembangan pada teknologi sistem informasi perusahaan tersebut yang selaras dengan bisnis PT. BPII. Pengembangan teknologi berdasarkan rancangan arsitektur bisnis, yang menghasilkan suatu blue print perusahaan. Dan untuk menghasilkan sebuah blueprint tersebut perlu dibantu dengan adanya framework arsitektur, pada penelitian ini menggunakan framework TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework). Pemilihan framework TOGAF untuk digunakan dalam penulisan ini dikarenakan, dengan framework ini dapat membantu menganalisis kebutuhan perusahaan. Selain itu, framework ini memiliki metode yang untuk pengembangan arsitektur bisnis perusahaan. Dengan observasi ke perusahaan dan melakukan wawancara, penulis memperoleh data-data yang dibutuhkan. Sehingga dari penelitian ini dihasilkan usulan model dari metode TOGAF yang disesuaikan dengan proses bisnis pada PT. BPII yang diharapkan dapat membantu proses kinerja perusahaan agar semakin efektif dan cepat, mencapai visi dan misi perusahaan.
How the ecology and evolution of the COVID‐19 pandemic changed learning

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic introduced an abrupt change in human behavior globally. Here, we discuss unique insights the pandemic has provided into the eco‐evolutionary role of pathogens in ecosystems and present data that indicates the pandemic may have fundamentally changed our learning choices. COVID‐19 has indirectly affected many organisms and processes by changing the behavior of humans to avoid being infected. The pandemic also changed our learning behavior by affecting the relative importance of information and forcing teaching and learning into a framework that accommodates human behavioral measures to avoid disease transmission. Not only are these indirect effects on the environment occurring through a unique mechanistic pathway in ecology, the pandemic along with its effects on us provides a profound example of the role risk can play in the transmission of information between the at risk. Ultimately, these changes in our learning behavior led to this special issue “Taking learning online in Ecology and Evolution. ” The special issue was a call to the community to take learning in new directions, including online and distributed experiences. The topics examined include a significant component of DIY ecology and evolution that is experiential but done individually, opportunities to use online tools and apps to be more inclusive, student‐focused strategies for teaching online, how to reinvent conferences, strategies to retain experiential learning safely, emerging forms of teaching such as citizen science, apps and podcasting, and ideas on how to accommodate ever changing constraints in the college classroom, to name a few. The collective consensus in our fields is that these times are challenging but we can continue to improve and innovate on existing developments, and more broadly and importantly, this situation may provide an opportunity to reset some of the existing practices that fail to promote an effective and inclusive learning environment.
An ESA‐CFD combined method for dynamic analysis of the aerostatic journal bearing

For the aerostatic journal bearing with orifice‐type restrictor, it is difficult to analyse the bearing performances because of the complex air film geometry. In the present work, based on the traditional engineering simplification algorithm (ESA) for bearing performances calculation, an ESA‐CFD combined method is proposed by integrating ESA method with modern computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation technique, where both advantages of the ESA and CFD methods are retained. With this approach, both static and dynamic performances of the journal bearing can be analyzed with a high level of accuracy and low computational cost. As an example, an engineering journal bearing is considered and its performances are analyzed. The influences of bearing parameters on dynamic performances are particularly discussed, and meanwhile, the calculation accuracy is verified by conducting experiments. The proposed ESA‐CFD combined method can provide an efficient way for engineering application in design of aerostatic journal bearing, especially for the design optimization.
Exploration of veterinary service supply to rural farmers in Namibia: a one health perspective

ntroduction: expansion of the Namibian beef export market presents benefits for both the National economy and small-scale farming communities. However, meeting animal health and productivity requirements whilst securing veterinary public health are identified as key challenges to the sector. Farmer access to veterinary services, animal health advice and veterinary medicines is scarce due to the geographical expanse, and on-going risks from endemic and emergent zoonotic diseases. Methods: an exploratory, qualitative research methodology was adopted to obtain ground-up rich data from pastoral livestock farmers (n=60) through a series of ten focus groups. Groups were stratified by the geographical regions of Otjozondjupa and Omaheke, representing key beef cattle producing areas in Namibia. Transcribed data were analysed using theoretical thematic analysis, constructed in Grounded Theory methodology, with an iterative constant comparison technique used to identify common themes. Triangulation analysis was completed between authors to ensure consistency in coding. Results: focus group data analysis revealed three emergent themes representative of farmer experiences, belief and opinions. Themes relevant and important to pastoralist farming in the regions, and to veterinary public health, were defined and described as; access to veterinary services and advice; veterinary medicines supply chain; farmer knowledge and understanding. Conclusion: control of endemic zoonoses and the prevention of emergent zoonotic disease is essential to secure livestock health, welfare and productivity, and human health and livelihoods in the region. Contemporaneously is the need to improve livestock farmer access to veterinary and public health advice and education, which should be derived through a One Health approach.
Water–Energy Nexus: Addressing Stakeholder Preferences in Jordan

The water and energy sectors are fundamentally linked. In Jordan, especially in the face of a changing climate, the water–energy nexus holds a number of challenges but also opportunities. A key point in exploring synergies is the identification of such, as well as the communication between the water and energy sectors. This paper promotes the importance of using a co-creative approach to help resolve opposing views and assessing stakeholder preferences in the context of the water–energy nexus in Jordan. A computer-supported, co-creative approach was used to evaluate stakeholder preferences and opinions on criteria and future scenarios for the energy and water sector in Jordan, identifying common difficulties and possibilities. The criteria describe socio-ecological aspects as well as techno-economic aspects for both systems. Discussing a set of preliminary scenarios describing possible energy and water futures ranked under a set of sector relevant criteria, a consensus between both stakeholder groups is reached. The robustness of results is determined, using a second-order probabilistic approach. The results indicate that there are no fundamental conflicts between the energy and water stakeholder groups. Applying a participatory multi-stakeholder, multi-criteria framework to the energy-water nexus case in Jordan promotes a clear understanding of where different stakeholder groups stand. This understanding and agreement can form the basis of a joint water–energy nexus policy used in the continued negotiation process between and within national and international cooperation, as well as promoting and developing acceptable suggestions to solve complex problems for both sectors.