Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the First Marine Stigmastane Sterols and Sterones Having a 24,25‐Double Bond. Isolation from the Sponge Stelletta sp. of Deep Coral Sea

The sponge Stelletta sp. (Astrophorida, Stellettidae), collected at −700 m in the Coral Sea, is shown to contain sterones and sterols of the stigmastane type with a C(24)C(25) bond for which there is no precedent in the sea. Structure elucidation of the second abundant of these steroids, stigmasta-4,24(25)-dien-3-one ((+)-1), is based on 1D and 2D NMR spectra and chemical transformation to acetate (−)-5. Stigmasta-4,24(25)-diene-3,6-dione ((−)-3), present in trace amounts in the sponge, was obtained in sufficient quantity for NMR study by oxidation of the also present, inseparable, and abundant 4:1 mixture of stigmasta-5,24(25)-dien-3β-ol (6) and its 5,6-dihydro derivative 7 (Scheme 1). This oxidation also afforded the ketone analogues (+)-8 and (+)-9, which could be separated, thus making structure elucidation possible. The 6β-hydroxystigmasta-4,24(25)-dien-3-one ((+)-4), also present in trace amounts in the sponge, was obtained in sufficient amount for NMR study, together with its C(6) epimer (+)-11, by hydroperoxidation of (+)-8 followed by deoxygenation (Scheme 2). The last trace steroid of the sponge, stigmasta-4,6,24(25)-trien-3-one ((−)-2), was structurally elucidated using limited NMR data and comparison with the other stigmastanes. These stigmastanes, as the only steroids of this sponge, are likely to function as stabilizers of its cell walls; their phytosteroid structure, for a sponge which lives in the dark of deep waters, suggest origin through a complex food chain, possibly followed by bioelaboration in the sponge.
XXIV Feed energy – what system to use and prospects for evaluation

The metabolisable energy (ME) bioassay is used as the default system of determining dietary energy values from feed ingredients for poultry in most countries (Bourdillon et al., 1990; Farrell, 1999). However, despite the best effort across the globe to standardise the AME assay, the energy values obtained using the AME system vary tremendously, due to factors including source of ingredients, age and strain of birds, geographical location where the ingredients are grown, and laboratories where the assay is conducted (Sibbald, 1976; Farrell, 1978; Leeson and Summers, 2005; Lopez et al., 2007). The economic cost of feed energy variation to the poultry industry must therefore be great but is extremely difficult to assess.
Developing experimental learning in a graphical course using Thurstone's Law of comparative judgment

In this paper, one innovative educational experiment to help student obtain a better way to learn spatial vision in graphical course was carried out. After implementation of the improvements into a graphical engineering course, an evaluation study, through surveys, was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of this visual experiment. This empirical study provided one hundred and sixty four andalusian freshmen three types of visualization (2D static depictions, 3D computer depictions and an augmented reality environment that allows multiple participants to interact with 2D and 3D data) required to improve their skills related to spatial vision. According to results, most students showed positive attitudes toward this practice. In addition, students perceived positive impacts of this effort on their learning experience. The responses to surveys illustrated that students prefer 3D traditional learning, however they think augmented reality learning is no useful for better visual understanding of different objects.
PROPOSED APPROACHES TO ENHANCE THE ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING SYSTEM

In the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems, where the data symbols aretransmitted in parallel on different carriers, the length of a symbol is extended. This extension of thesymbol length causes the OFDM system to be less sensitive to channel dispersion than a singlecarrier system transmitting data symbols at the same data rate. However, at the edges of the OFDMsymbol, the channel dispersion still causes distortion, and hence introduces interference betweensuccessive symbols (i.e. Inter-Symbol Interference, ISI) and interference between different carrierswithin the same symbol (i.e. Inter-Carrier Interference, ICI). Different guard interval techniques forthe OFDM transmission were suggested to reduce the interference between successive symbols. Themost commonly used guard interval is the cyclic prefix (CP). In this paper, the impact of replacingthe CP by zero insertion (ZI) before the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) process on theOFDM transmitter is studied. The motivation of using the ZI instead of the CP is the reduction inthe transmission rate and the high performance in reducing the channel distortion. Moreover, theproposed ZI-OFDM system is suitable to minimize the effect of the fading channel when thechannel characteristics are unknown or difficult to be estimated. Another approach to enhance theOFDM system is also introduced in this paper. A signal denoising approach is suggested to beadded in the receiver to reduce the effect of the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Inthis approach, the Radio Frequency signal (RF) is enhanced using a wavelet thresholding techniqueinstead of enhancing the baseband signal. The simulation results show that the proposed ZIapproach provides better transmission performance than the recent techniques and achieves a 20 %reduction in the data redundancy relative to the redundancy in the CP-OFDM system. Moreover, theresults show that the proposed thresholding approach significantly removed the noise and the signalpower is enhanced by almost 30 db with different values of the channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The overall system performance of the proposed ZI approach in the transmitter together with thethresholding approach in the receiver is tested in this paper.
Alabama Restaurant Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Local Food: A Choice Based Approach

Direct marketing to restaurants has become increasingly popular as chefs desire high quality, fresh foods to meet the demand of their customers who are becoming more health conscious. Restaurants accounted for approximately 70 percent of the 2009 total food expenditures, and as a result represent a tremendous potential for developing a sustainable network with local growers. This study seeks to determine restaurant/chefs’ preferences for local food in Alabama using choice based conjoint analysis, as well as, determine challenges faced by restaurants interested in purchasing locally. Availability and lack of knowledge are found to be the major barriers to purchasing locally. Results also suggest there is great potential for direct marketing to restaurants in Alabama that producers are not currently utilizing.
Under review as a conference paper at ICLR 2019-- + Confluence Context Encoder Context Retreiver Bilateral Matching with Leaky Unit Context Aggregation + Loss

Being able to automatically discover synonymous entities from a large free-text corpus has transformative effects on structured knowledge discovery. Existing works either require structured annotations, or fail to incorporate context information effectively, which lower the efficiency of information usage. In this paper, we propose a framework for synonym discovery from free-text corpus with minimal human annotation. As one of the key components in synonym discovery, we introduce a novel neural network model SYNONYMNET to determine whether or not two given entities are synonym with each other. Instead of using entities features, SYNONYMNET makes use of multiple pieces of contexts in which the entity is mentioned, and compares the context-level similarity via a bilateral matching schema to determine synonymity. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves state-of-the-art results on both generic and domain-specific synonym datasets: Wiki+Freebase, PubMed+UMLS and MedBook+MKG, with up to 4.16% improvement in terms of Area Under the Curve (AUC) and 3.19% in terms of Mean Average Precision (MAP) compare to the best baseline method.
IZI: INFERRING THE GAS PHASE METALLICITY (Z) AND IONIZATION PARAMETER (q) OF IONIZED NEBULAE USING BAYESIAN STATISTICS

We present a new method for inferring the metallicity (Z) and ionization parameter (q) of H ii regions and star-forming galaxies using strong nebular emission lines (SELs). We use Bayesian inference to derive the joint and marginalized posterior probability density functions for Z and q given a set of observed line fluxes and an input photoionization model. Our approach allows the use of arbitrary sets of SELs and the inclusion of flux upper limits. The method provides a self-consistent way of determining the physical conditions of ionized nebulae that is not tied to the arbitrary choice of a particular SEL diagnostic and uses all the available information. Unlike theoretically calibrated SEL diagnostics, the method is flexible and not tied to a particular photoionization model. We describe our algorithm, validate it against other methods, and present a tool that implements it called IZI. Using a sample of nearby extragalactic H ii regions, we assess the performance of commonly used SEL abundance diagnostics. We also use a sample of 22 local H ii regions having both direct and recombination line (RL) oxygen abundance measurements in the literature to study discrepancies in the abundance scale between different methods. We find that oxygen abundances derived through Bayesian inference using currently available photoionization models in the literature can be in good (∼30%) agreement with RL abundances, although some models perform significantly better than others. We also confirm that abundances measured using the direct method are typically ∼0.2 dex lower than both RL and photoionization-model-based abundances.
Molecular dynamics study of crystal formation and structural phase transition in Yukawa system for dusty plasma medium

The layered crystal formation in dusty plasma medium depicted by the Yukawa interaction amidst dust has been investigated using Molecular Dynamics simulations. The multilayer structures are shown to form in the presence of a combined gravitational and external electric field force (representing the sheath field in experiments) along the ^ z direction. A detailed study of the dependence of the number of crystal layer formation, their width etc., on various system parameters (viz., the external field profile and the screening length of Yukawa interaction) have been analyzed. The structural properties of crystalline bilayers have been studied in detail identifying their structures with the help of pair correlation function and Voronoi diagrams. It has been shown that the crystalline layers undergo structural phase transition from hexagonal (often also referred as triangular ) to square lattice configurations. A reentrant phase transition from hexagonal to square (and rhombic) structure has been observed in the simulations.
IUPAC Task Group on Atmospheric Chemical Kinetic Data Evaluation – Data

Sheet P1 Datasheets can be downloaded for personal use only and must not be retransmitted or disseminated either electronically or in hardcopy without explicit written permission. The citation for this datasheet is: Atkinson, R. , Baulch, D. L. , Cox, R. A. , Crowley, J. N. , Hampson, R. F. , Hynes, R. G. , Jenkin, M. E. , Rossi, M. J., and Troe, J.: Atmos. Chem. Phys. 4, 1461, 2004; IUPAC Subcommittee for Gas Kinetic Data Evaluation, (http://iupac.pole-ether.fr). This datasheet updated: 16 April 2013; last change in preferred values: 16 April 2013
An Episodic View of Motivation Unconscious Influences of Memory

The central theme of this chapter is that behavior is ofren guided by unconscious influences of memory for prior episodes. The presence of such unconscious influences places limits on conscious, intentional control of behavior. The rerm "unconscious" may evoke a comparison to the psychodynamic approach to motivation" Unlike psychodynamic theorists, however, we have nor been concerned with unconscious influences that represenr widespread effects of rraumatic experiences or unresolved conflicts. Rather, we are interested in unconscious influences that originate from a myriad of mundane experiences. By "unconscious influences of memory," we refer to effects of prior experience on the performance of some task that arise even though a person does nor consciously remember the relevanr prior experience. Other cognitive approaches to motivated behavior have been based on an underlying conception of cognition that srresses absrracrion. Dynamic approaches to motivation also focus on factors that have wide-ranging effects, such as rhe arousal of needs that are expressed in a variery of siruations. In conrrasr, our episodic view of motivation predicts that behavior is locally controlled by rhe specific configuration of a situation that elicits the retrieval of similar prior events. Unconscious influences of memory are much more conrext-bound than would be predicted by the psychoanalytic tradition or by many other currenr cheories of social cognition. The most dramatic examples of unconscious influences of memory are shown by amnesics. Amnesics show effects of prior experience on rheir performance of a variety of tasks, although, by definit ion, rhey are severely impaired in their abil iry to recognize or recall earlier experiences. Unconscious influences of memory in the domain of perceptual-motor skil ls occur in amnesics (e.g., Cohen & Squire, i980; Corkin, 1968; Warrington & Weiskran z, 1974). Amnesics also reveal effects of recent prior experience in their performance of verbal tasks. \We
Athens Institute for Education and Research ATINER ATINER ' s Conference Paper Series NUR 2017-2284

The aim of this review was to examine the evidence regarding barriers to nurse leadership. Nurses comprise the largest segment of the healthcare workforce. Nursing has consistently been ranked as the most respected position by United States Gallop Poles with the exception of 2011 when fire fighters were ranked number 1. However, the percentage of nurse hospital and health system board members dropped from 6% in 2011 to 5% in 2014 (American Nurses Association 2015). Why are nurses not moving into these highest levels of healthcare organizational leadership? Historically it has been difficult to find staff nurses willing to pursue leadership positions. What are the barriers for staff nurses to move into leadership positions? What are the barriers for effective nurse leadership? An electronic literature search for "nurse leadership barriers" was conducted using Pubmed, CINAHL, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, and Cochrane Collection Plus databases published between January 1, 2006 and January 1, 2017. Multiple barriers to nurse leadership development were identified from the literature. Resources for leadership preparation was not seen as much of a priority for nurses as in some of the other healthcare disciplines.
The precursor of ~-lactamase : purification , properties and folding kinetics

The precursor of Escherichia coli RTEM 13-lactamase was purified to homogeneity on a milligram scale by a procedure independent of the binding properties of the protein and refolded to an active, reduced form. For comparing the folding kinetics, the wild-type enzyme was reduced and a mutant was constructed, in which the two cysteines that form a very stable disulfide bond in the RTEM enzyme were both changed into alanines. The rate of folding was determined by directly measuring the increase in enzymatic activity. The reduced precursor folds at least 15 times more slowly than either the reduced mature enzyme or the mature Cys-Ala double mutant under identical conditions. The wild-type enzyme, the Cys-Ala double mutant and the precursor protein all had similar KM values, demonstrating a very similar native state. The slow folding of the precursor compared with the mature form may be an essential and general feature to secure a transport competent conformation necessary for the translocation through a membrane in protein export. This folding assay of a precursor by directly following its enzymatic activity may facilitate the characterization of putative folding modulators in bacterial membrane transport.
FIDO Protocol Based on Physical Unclonable Functions and Its Application into Electronic Contract

In this paper, the emerging Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) and Fast Identity Online (FIDO), are studied for the secure identification (ID) authentication of electronic contract. To solve the unstable response of PUF, error correction algorithms are applied. This paper proposes a high security authentication protocol, which is a FIDO protocol based on PUF. A comparison of the proposed protocol with three classical protocols is presented. The results shows that the proposed protocol has the advantages of anti-cloning and error-correcting compared with existing authentication protocols. Finally, the application of the FIDO protocol based on PUF into the electronic contract is also demonstrated.
High-resolution spectroscopy of Rydberg states in an ultracold cesium gas

Transitions between high Rydberg states of Cs atoms have been studied by highresolution millimeter-wave spectroscopy of an ultracold sample. The spectroscopic measurements were performed after releasing the atoms from a magneto-optical trap. Switching off all trapping fields and compensating the stray electric and magnetic fields to below 1 mV/cm and 2 mG, respectively, prior to the spectroscopic measurement enabled the recording of millimeter-wave spectra of Rydberg states with principal quantum number beyond n=100 under conditions where the inhomogeneous broadening by stray fields is minimal and no dephasing of the Rydberg-atom sample can be detected over measurement times up to 60 μs.
Microscopic determination of the nuclear incompressibility within the nonrelativistic framework

The nuclear incompressibility ${K}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$ is deduced from measurements of the isoscalar giant monopole resonance (ISGMR) in medium-heavy nuclei, and the resulting value turns out to be model dependent. Since the considered nuclei have neutron excess, it has been suggested that the model dependence is due to the different behavior of the symmetry energy in different models. To clarify this issue, we make a systematic and careful analysis based on new Skyrme forces, which span a wide range of values for ${K}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$, for the value of the symmetry energy at saturation and for its density dependence. By calculating, in a fully self-consistent fashion, the ISGMR centroid energy in $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$, we reach three important conclusions: (i) the monopole energy, and consequently the deduced value of ${K}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$, depend on a well-defined parameter related to the shape of the symmetry energy curve and called ${K}_{\mathit{sym}}$; (ii) Skyrme forces of the type of SLy4 predict ${K}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$ around $230\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MeV}$, in agreement with the Gogny force (previous estimates using Skyrme interactions having been plagued by a lack of full self-consistency); (iii) it is possible to build forces which predict ${K}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$ around $250\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MeV}$, although part of this increase is due to our poor knowledge of the density dependence and effective mass.
Precoding and Resource Allocation for Multi-user Multi-antenna Broadband Wireless Systems

Precoding and Resource Allocation for Multi-User Multi-Antenna Broadband Wireless Systems Ali Khanafer Master of Applied Science Graduate Department of The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 2010 This thesis is targeted at precoding methods and resource allocation for the downlink of fixed multi-user multi-antenna broadband wireless systems. We explore different utilizations of precoders in transmission over frequency-selective channels. We first consider the weighted sum-rate (WSR) maximization problem for multi-carrier systems using linear precoding and propose a low complexity algorithm which exhibits near-optimal performance. Moreover, we offer a novel rate allocation method that utilizes the signalto-noise-ratio (SNR) gap to capacity concept to choose the rates to allocate to each data stream. We then study a single-carrier transmission scheme that overcomes known impairments associated with multi-carrier systems. The proposed scheme utilizes timereversal space-time block coding (TR-STBC) to orthogonalize the downlink receivers and performs the required pre-equalization using Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP). We finally discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed method.
A MASS-DEPENDENT YIELD ORIGIN OF NEUTRON-CAPTURE ELEMENT ABUNDANCE DISTRIBUTIONS IN ULTRA-FAINT DWARFS

One way to constrain the nature of the high-redshift progenitors of the Milky Way (MW) is to look at the low-metallicity stellar populations of the different Galactic components today. For example, high-resolution spectroscopy of very metal poor (VMP) stars demonstrates remarkable agreement between the distribution of [Ti/Fe] in the stellar populations of the MW halo and ultra-faint dwarf (UFD) galaxies. In contrast, for the neutron-capture (nc) abundance ratio distributions [(Sr, Ba)/Fe], the peak of the small UFD sample (6 stars) exhibits a significant under-abundance relative to the VMP stars in the larger MW halo sample (∼300 stars). We present a simple scenario that can simultaneously explain these similarities and differences by assuming: (1) that the MW VMP stars were predominately enriched by a prior generation of stars which possessed a higher total mass than the prior generation of stars that enriched the UFD VMP stars; and (2) a much stronger mass-dependent yield (MDY) for nc-elements than for the (known) MDY for Ti. Simple statistical tests demonstrate that conditions (1) and (2) are consistent with the observed abundance distributions, albeit without strong constraints on model parameters. A comparison of the broad constraints for these nc-MDY with those derived in the literature seems to rule out Ba production from low-mass supernovae (SNe) and affirms models that primarily generate yields from high-mass SNe. Our scenario can be confirmed by a relatively modest (factor of ∼3–4) increase in the number of high-resolution spectra of VMP stars in UFDs.
An Assessment of the Role Construct Repertory Test

This paper reports data on the reliability and ex ternal validity of the Construct Role Repertory Test (Rep Test). Results show that test scores were moderately internally consistent; scores exhibited significant correlations with other forms of cogni tive functioning, including American College Test ing scores in science and mathematics. Based on these results, suggestions for future users of the in strument are presented in the context of test modi fication. Use within physical processing environ ments, in addition to the usual social environments, is also advocated.
Draft Investigating the expression of F 10 and G 11 xylanases from Aspergillus niger A 09 with qPCR

Journal: Canadian Journal of Microbiology Manuscript ID cjm-2015-0394.R4 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the Author: 21-Apr-2016 Complete List of Authors: Cui, Shixiu; Henan Agricultural University, College of Life Sciences Wang, Tianwen; East China University of Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology Hu, Hong; Henan Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biology Co., Ltd Liu, Liangwei; Henan Agricultural University, College of Life Sciences Song, An-Dong; Henan Agricultural University, College of Life Sciences Chen, Hongge; Henan Agricultural University, College of Life Sciences Keyword: Aspergillus niger, qPCR, F10 xylanase, G11 xylanase, Expression pattern