Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Factors Affecting Consumers’ Online Agricultural Exploring the Factors Affecting Consumers’ Online Agricultural Products Purchase Behavior Based on the UTAUT Model Products Purchase Behavior Based on the UTAUT Model

The online agricultural products purchase has become a trend of consuming, but it is influenced by many factors. Based on the UTAUT (unified theory of acceptance and use of technology) model, some of the factors which include performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, perceived risk, facilitating conditions, consumer innovativeness and purchase intention are chosen to build a research framework, and several hypotheses are proposed. Finally, a survey is conducted by questionnaires, and 264 valid samples are obtained. The research model is verified by using AMOS, and a modified model is built. Meanwhile, group testing is carried out to verify the correctness of each sub hypothesis. The empirical results show as follows: effort expectancy has a significantly positive effect on consumers' online agricultural product purchase intension. Performance expectancy, facilitating conditions and purchase intention have a significantly positive effect on consumers' online agricultural products purchase behavior. The effect of social influence and perceived risk on the consumers’ online agricultural product purchase intension is not significant. Some suggestions are put forward for the agricultural product online stores to meet the needs of the consumers and to improve the online agricultural products trade according to the empirical results. intention and/or use behavior: gender, experience with the system and voluntariness of use. Performance expectancy defined which that the increases in job its segmentation source include perceived usefulness, job fit and achievement expectancy. Effort expectancy defined as the degree of ease associated with the use of the system. its segmentation source variables the perceived ease of use and the complexity of the system. Social influence defined as the degree to which an individual perceives that use the new system. its segmentation source social and as the segmentation and
Genetic diversity and genetic structure of populations of Ranunculus japonicus Thunb. (Ranunculaceae)

In order to clarify the genetic diversity and population structure of Ranunculus japonicus, allozymic analysis was conducted on 60 populations in southwestern Japan. Considerable genetic variati ons were detected among the populations of R. japonicus. The genetic diversities within species (Hes = 0.215) and within populations (Hep = 0.172) were slightly higher than those of other perennial herbs with widespread distribution and outcrossing plants. Significantly higher values of fixation index were detected in some populations, which might have arisen from restricted mating partners. The majority of genetic variation (approx. 80%) resided within a population and a moderate level of genetic differentiation (GST = 0.203) was observed among populations. The FST value (0.203) suggests the existence of a substantial population structure in this species. The highly significant correlation between geographic distance and FST values indicates that isolation by distance has played an important role in the construction of the genetic structure of this species.
Control of superficial scald on Granny Smith apples with diphenylamine

The preliminary work of Smock (1955) indicated that treatment of apples with diphenylamine (DPA) offered a promising new method of controlling superficial scald on cool-stored apples. The effect of DPA and various methods of application hare been widely studied under Australian conditions over five seasons, Granny Smith apples grom-n in New South Wales being used. Treatment of fruit with a suitable concentration of DPA prevented the development of scald on fruit cool-stored in air, in controlled atmospheres, and in polyethylene film box liners, even when scald was severe and not controlled by oiled wraps. DPA was successfully applied to the fruit by impregnating it into standard paper wraps, by post-harvest dipping, and by pre-harvest spraying. It was found that there was a quantitative relation between the severity of scald and the concentration of DPA required to control it. DPA was shown to have a very limited mobility in the fruit. Residues in the fruit were related to both the amount applied and the method of application, and in all cases were low after cool storage. DPA appears to have a sufficiently low phytotoxicity for use as a pre-harvest spray. Its human toxicity is still under investigation. If approved for use on apples it will probably be in a purified form.
Population density of silky anteaters (Cyclopes didactylus Xenarthra: Cyclopedidae) in a protected mangrove swamp on the island of Trinidad

Abstract Large gaps remain in our understanding of the ecology of the silky anteater (Cyclopes didactylus), due to its small size, nocturnal and arboreal behavior. This study undertook the first population density assessment of this species on the island of Trinidad, within the Caroni Swamp Ramsar site. Diurnal boat-based distance surveys were conducted during the wet seasons of 2010 and 2011, along 115.98 km and 121.6 km of the line transect, respectively. Thirteen silky anteaters were detected in 2010, and 10 individuals were observed in 2011. The mean population density estimates using King’s method were 5.50/km2 (95% CI±3.87) and 4.62/km2 (95% CI±1.78), for 2010 and 2011, respectively.
Localization of apoptosis proteins and lymphocyte subsets in chronic rejection of human liver allograft

Abstract In chronic liver rejection lymphocyte mediated processes lead to chronic inflammation, necrosis and repair mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of apoptosis related proteins (FAS/APO-1, FAS-L, Bcl-2, Bax, TNF-α, and INF-γ). ApopTag reaction and immunohistochemistry were performed on liver samples of chronically rejected allografts and compared with normal donor livers. In chronic rejection, apoptosis was detected in pericentral hepatocytes and in the biliary epithelium. Bcl-2 was strongly expressed on lymphocytes around the bile ducts, but not on the biliary epithelium itself. Bax, FAS, TNF-α and INF-γ were present in pericentral areas. T-cells showed up around bile ducts, whereas macrophages around pericentral areas. In pericentral areas apoptosis seems to be fostered through TNF-α and INF-γ and by the lack of Bcl-2. Based on these results both downregulation and upregulation of apoptotic proteins can be observed in chronic liver allograft rejection: FAS is .
Differentiation by pyridoxal 5‐phosphate, PPADS and IsoPPADS between responses mediated by UTP and those evoked by α,β‐methylene‐ATP on rat sympathetic ganglia

1 The effect of pyridoxal 5‐phosphate, and the 2′,4′ and 2′,5′‐disulphonic acid isomers of 6‐azophenyl‐pyridoxal 5‐phosphate (PPADS and IsoPPADS respectively) on depolarization of the rat superior cervical ganglion evoked by α,β‐methylene‐adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (α,β‐Me‐ATP) and uridine 5′‐triphosphate (UTP) were determined by a grease‐gap recording technique. 2 Pyridoxal 5‐phosphate (10–100 μm) and PPADS (10–100 μm) enhanced UTP‐ and depressed α,β‐Me‐ATP‐evoked depolarizations but did not significantly alter depolarizations evoked by potassium or hyperpolarizations evoked by adenosine. IsoPPADS (10 μm) depressed α,β‐Me‐ATP‐evoked depolarizations but did not alter depolarizations evoked by UTP. Depolarizations evoked by muscarine were depressed by IsoPPADS but not by pyridoxal 5‐phosphate. 3 It is concluded that pyridoxal 5‐phosphate, PPADS and IsoPPADS are antagonists at P2X‐purinoceptors but not at the receptors that mediate UTP‐evoked depolarization of the rat superior cervical ganglion. These observations substantiate the recent proposal that the rat superior cervical ganglia possess distinct receptors for purine and pyrimidine 5′‐nucleotides, i.e. P2X‐purinoceptors and pyrimidinoceptors respectively.
Goose production efficiency as influenced by genotype, nutrition and production systems

The goose is one of the most ancient of domesticated birds now bred commercially. Whereas the greatest concentration of the world's geese is to be found in Asia, there is considerable breed diversity in Europe. Geese enterprises are most successful with highly productive breeds well adapted to local conditions. Economically useful traits, such as body weight, liveability, egg production, hatchability, feather formation and ability to be fed for the production of fat livers, need to be more clearly identified. Knowledge of the genetic differences between and within breeds in reproductive or production traits and of the heritability values of these traits are essential if the artificial selection of geese is to be successful. In the commercial crossing of breeds it is customary and preferable to use dam and male strains selected for reproductive and meat traits, respectively. Implementing modern DNA techniques would facilitate the detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and the introduction of marker-assisted selection. Progress with and results from other avian species would help to compensate for the current lack of specific markers and other molecular tools in geese. An important feature of geese is their ability to consume green forages and other cheap components of crops and to maintain productivity on diets with low protein contents; they are also frequently able to make effective use of novel local feed resources. Geese are at present usually raised on deep litter, on free range, in cages or on slats, using short days, diminishing light intensity or fluorescent light, and over one or two cycles of lay. To improve the efficiency of production of geese their biological and economic features need to be more actively studied. There is an urgent need to integrate genetic, nutritional, reproductive and management information and approaches so that present production systems can be adjusted and the genetic potential of geese more fully realised.
The Regioselectivity of the Lipase-Catalyzed Acylation of 1,6-Anhydro-β-d-glycopyranoses

Abstract Transesterification of anhydroglucose, anhydrogalactose and anhydromannose with ethyl butanoate was catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase in the presence of zeolite CaA. Anhydroglucose and anhydromannose were predominantly acylated at the 4-position whereas anhydrogalactose reacted slowly with low regioselectivity. The selectivity observed is in accordance with the selectivity rules of Ciuffreda et al. and Colombo et al. That is, all pyranosides are acylated at the same terminus of the three secondary hydroxyl groups. If this specific hydroxyl group has the axial orientation then the regioselectivity is low. These results contribute to the prediction of the regioselectivity of the lipase-catalyzed acylation of glycopyranosides.
Seletividade de herbicidas em mudas das espécies nativas Acacia polyphylla, Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Fabaceae), Ceiba speciosa e Luehea divaricata (Malvaceae)

We aimed to evaluate the selectivity of the herbicides imazapyr, glyphosate, metribuzin, and sulfentrazone, when applied on four native species of semideciduous forests from southeastern Brazil: Acacia polyphylla and Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Fabaceae), and Ceiba speciosa and Luehea divaricata (Malvaceae). We did a randonmized design with four replicates per treatment: the application of imazapyr (125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 g ha-1), sulfentrazone (100, 200, 400, 800, 1400 and 2400 g ha-1), glyphosate (90, 180, 360, 720, 1440 and 2160 g ha-1), and metribuzin (360, 720, 1,920, 2880, 5760 and 8400 g ha-1), besides the control (without any herbicide). We evaluated phytotoxicity symptoms 30 days after application (DAA), and also dry biomass of leaves. Experimental plot comprised one seedling with 30 cm height. We concluded that glyphosate showed the lowest selectivity in relation to four tree species; therefore, we suggest that its application could be done through direct aplications. Behavior of four tree species varied in relation to selectivity of herbicides. For C. speciosa, imazapyr was the most selective herbicide, followed by sulfentrazone. Metribuzin was selective for A. polyphylla. In relation to E. contortisiliquum, metribuzin presented the lowest phytotoxicity, followed by sulfentrazone. For L. divaricata, only sulfentrazone showed selectiveness.
MICROENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS‐COUPLED RESPIRATION IN AN EPILITHIC CYANOBACTERIAL BIOFILM 1

The photosynthetic performance of an epilithic cyano‐bacterial biofilm was studied in relation to the in situ light field by the use of combined microsensor measurements of O2, photosynthesis, and spectral scalar irradiance. The high density of the dominant filamentous cyanobacteria (Oscillatoria sp.) embedded in a matrix of exopolymers and bacteria resulted in a photic zone of < 0.7 mm. At the biofilm surface, the prevailing irradiance and spectral composition were significantly different from the incident light. Multiple scattering led to an intensity maximum for photic light (400–700 nm) of ca. 120% of incident quantum irradiance at the biofilm surface. At the bottom of the euphotic zone in the biofilm, light was attenuated strongly to < 5–10% of the incident surface irradiance. Strong spectral signals from chlorophyll a (440 and 675 nm) and phycobilins (phycoerythrin 540–570 nm, phycocyanin 615–625 nm) were observed as distinct maxima in the scalar irradiance attenuation spectra in the upper 0.0–0.5 mm of the biofilm. The action spectrum for photosynthesis in the cyanobacterial layer revealed peak photosynthetic activity at absorption wavelengths of phycobilins, whereas only low photosynthesis rates were induced by light absorption of carotenoids (450–550 nm).
Effects of excluding sheep from an alpine dwarf-herb community

Background: The Festuca ovina–Alchemilla alpina–Silene acaulis dwarf-herb community is a rare component of the few and scattered calcareous grasslands found at high altitude in the Scottish Highlands. It contains nationally scarce and rare arctic-alpine species. The community is often heavily grazed and it has been suggested that it is a plagioclimax maintained by herbivores, principally sheep. Aim: Determine the role of sheep grazing in conserving the dwarf-herb community on Ben Lawers, Perthshire, Scotland. Methods: Sheep-proof cages were erected each spring from 1987 to 1996 and dismantled again each autumn. Species cover, the height of the vegetation, the amount of litter and the extent of bare ground were estimated every summer. Data were analysed by repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Excluding sheep caused major shifts in the balance amongst species. Initially, graminoids and some forbs increased in cover, the vegetation increased in height and the amount of bare ground decreased. However this was followed by a decline in the cover of graminoids as bryophytes proliferated and litter accumulated. Conclusion: Sheep grazing is essential to the maintenance of the dwarf-herb community. Permanent removal of sheep might lead to the development of bryophyte-rich, tall-herb and/or scrub vegetation.
A reconsideration of the systematic status of Rhoptropus bradfieldi diporus Haacke 1965

Abstract We re‐evaluated the taxonomic status of Rhoptropus bradfieldi diporus, an endemic Namibian gecko. Preanal pores, the character originally used to diagnose the taxon, are variably present, but R. b. diporus is reliably differentiated from R. b. bradfieldi by smaller, more rounded scalation of the thigh and precloacal regions. The two forms are also distinguished by relatively high levels of sequence divergence (9.7–11.6%) observed for the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. On the basis of these distinct morphological and molecular characteristics, we regard R. diporus as a valid species restricted to the Brandberg and areas north of the Ugab River. The significance of consistent colour differences between R. diporus and R. bradfieldi remains unclear, but the melanism prevalent in the latter species may be an adaptation to the cool coastal Namib fog belt. Morphological variation in R. bradfieldi is also evident in the southern portion of its range, where inland and coastal populations are notably distinct. The precise geographic patterns of this variation (and its possible evolutionary significance) warrant further investigation.
Increased utilization of different tree parts for energy purposes in the Nordic countries

The review gives an overview of the increased utilization of forest biomass for energy. The emphasis is on Nordic countries, especially on Sweden and Finland with large biomass potentials and a high share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption. The utilization and potential of forest chip sources such as logging residues, small-size tree stems and stumps that are normally not harvested in conventional harvesting are described. Environmental potential and impacts that may reduce the utilization of forest biomass are discussed based on recent publications. Finally, the review summarizes the future developments based on their relationship to policies, certifications and guidelines and forest owners' decisions.
Evaluating the efficacy of cyanobacterial formulations and biofilmed inoculants for leguminous crops

Our investigation was aimed towards evaluating the agronomic potential of biofilmed preparations (developed using Anabaena/Trichoderma as matrices with different agriculturally useful bacteria/fungi as partners) and selected cyanobacterial strains (Anabaena laxa (T7) RP8/Calothrix sp. ). The formulations were prepared using paddy straw compost:vermiculite (1:1) as carrier and tested as inoculants in mungbean and soybean. The effects of the formulations were evaluated in terms of microbiological, nutrient availability, and plant biometric parameters. The Trichoderma viride–Bradyrhizobium biofilm exhibited 20–45% enhancement in fresh/dry weight of plants over other microbial treatments, while the T. viride–Azotobacter biofilm exhibited highest dehydrogenase activity in the soil and nitrogen fixation. T7 RP8 recorded statistically at par yield values with the T. viride–Bradyrhizobium (T5) biofilm treatment in mungbean. In soybean, among all the treatments, the T5 biofilm recorded the highest fresh weight of plants and available N in soil at harvest. The Anabaena–T. viride biofilmed formulations proved to be the most promising for soybean, recording 12–25% enhanced yield and microbial activity (measured as dehydrogenase activity). This study highlights the promise of cyanobacterial inoculants and biofilmed biofertilizers as promising inputs for integrated nutrient management strategies in agriculture.
Signature fatty acids provide tools for determination of the distribution and interactions of mycorrhizal fungi in soil

Mycorrhizal fungi form extensive mycelia in soil and play significant roles in most soil ecosystems. The estimation of their biomasses is thus of importance in order to understand their possible role in soil nutrient processes. For arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi the signature fatty acid 16:1ω5 provides a new and promising tool for the estimation of AM fungal biomass in soil and roots. For ectomycorrhizal fungi 18:2ω6,9 dominates among the fatty acids and can be used as an indicator of mycelial biomass of these fungi in soil in experimental systems. In biomass estimation primarily the phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) are suitable. Through the use of specific PLFAs it is possible to study interactions between mycorrhizal mycelia and bacteria in soil as well as between AM fungal mycelia and mycelia of saprophytic and parasitic fungi in soil and in roots. AM fungi, in particular, store a large proportion of their energy as lipids and by using the signature fatty acids it is possible to determine the relation between membrane and storage lipids, which could be an indication of energy storage levels. Various aspects of how the fatty acid signatures can be used for studies related to questions of biomass distribution and nutritional status of mycorrhizal fungi are discussed.
Transmission features of Mai de Río Cuarto virus in wheat by its planthopper vector Delphacodes kuscheli

Mal de Rio Cuarto virus (MRCV, Fijivirus) infects maize (Zea mays) and other gramineae, producing significant losses in Argentina. Although MRCV mainly affects maize, other cereals, such as wheat, serve as potential virus reservoirs and hosts for the planthopper vector Delphacodes kuscheli. Aspects of the virus-vector relationships were elucidated by studying the minimum periods of acquisition access (AAP min ), latency (LP min ) and inoculation access (IAP min ) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Trials were conducted under controlled conditions of temperature (24 ± 1°C), photoperiod (12 h light) and humidity (50 ± 5%). The results show that the AAP min was 5 h, LP min was 10 days (even though, the median latent period was between 16 and 17 days) and IAP min was 30 min. Our experiments have demonstrated, for the first time, a persistent manner of virus transmission. No differences were detected in transmission ability between males and females. The implication of these results on virus taxonomy and epidemiology are discussed.
Salt-marsh tide pools as winter refuges for the mummichog,Fundulus heteroclitus, in New Jersey

Mummichog,Fundulus heteroclitus, were collected weekly from a southern New Jersey high-salinity salt marsh from October 1988 to June 1989 and from September 1989 to June 1990 to determine the overwintering habitat. Major habitat types sampled within the salt marsh were subtidal creek, intertidal creeks, and salt-marsh pools. Few individuals were collected in the intertidal creek or the subtidal creek from the end of October through the beginning of May for both years, when creek water temperatures were low. Both young-of-the-year and adults of both sexes were abundant in the salt-marsh pools (total lengths ranged from 29 mm to 125 mm) throughout the winter. In the spring, catch per unit effort (CPUE) within the tidal creek increased with increasing water temperature, while CPUE in marsh pools decreased with increases in estuarine water temperature. These collection patterns indicate that the majority ofF. heteroclitus may move from subtidal and intertidal creeks into salt-marsh pools in the late fall and leave in the spring. This seasonal movement could explain how fish survive winter environmental conditions because daily average water temperatures of salt-marsh pools were warmer than subtidal creek temperatures for much of the winter.
Elimination of trace endotoxin protein from rough chemotype LPS

The phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether (PCP) extraction is the method of choice for isolating LPS chemotypes from rough mutant bacteria. However, we have observed that a high percentage of PCP-purified LPS preparations contain trace levels of protein contaminants, and these protein contaminants may exhibit endotoxin-like activity. To obtain protein-free rough LPS, a modified phenol-water extraction procedure was developed for use as a final step to follow PCP extraction. Using this procedure, Salmonella minnesota Ra, Rc, Rd and Re LPS were recovered in yields of 82-100% from the original PCP-extracted preparations. Yields were determined by recovery of KDO and supported by analysis of silver stained SDS-PAGE gels. Although the original PCP-purified chemotypes were contaminated by major 41, 38.5, 29.5, 23, 17 and 14 kDa proteins (detected by Western blotting and gold staining), the repurified LPS contained no detectable protein. The repurified LPS retained all of its original bioactivity as defined by the ability to stimulate normal C3H/OuJ macrophages to secrete TNF. The importance of utilizing repurified LPS in biologic studies was illustrated by the loss of > 99% of activity when repurified LPS was used to stimulate TNF secretion by LPS 'hyporesponsive' C3H/HeJ macrophages.