Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lipids derived from Camel milk regulate NLRP3 inflammasome subunit-dependent inflammatory responses in human macrophages

Background: Camel milk is widely used for its reported anti-diabetic and health promoting effects. Lipids derived from the milk have also been shown to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects. The mechanism through which these lipids and constituent fatty acids exert these effects remains elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of camel milk on glycated protein-mediated macrophage inflammation. Methods: To determine the effect of Total Lipids (TL) and Total Fatty Acids (TFA) derived from camel milk on an in vitro model of diabetic inflammation, differentiated THP-1 (dTHP-1) cells stimulated with glycated serum albumin (gBSA) was employed. Cells were pre-treated with TL or TFA before challenging cells with gBSA. Results: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis found that TL was 96% triacylglycerol (TAG) while the TFA comprised 65% saturated and 35% unsaturated fatty acids. Both TL and TFA significantly (p<0.05) decreased gBSA-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Tumour necrosis factor-(TNF)-α, Interleukin-(IL)-1β/18). TL also demonstrated the ability to regulate the expression of p50/p65 sub-units of Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB), while concomitantly increasing the expression of regulatory cytokines IL-10, IL-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1Ra) and Cluster of Differentiation 163 (CD163)-shifting cells towards an M2 macrophage phenotype. Additionally, we found that TL significantly regulated the expression of NucleotideFunctional Foods in Health and Disease 2019; 9(4): 224-240 Page 225 of 240 binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome subunit and its regulator; Ten-Eleven Translocation-2 (TET-2). Conclusion: This paper demonstrates the ability of camel milk lipids to regulate gBSA-induced macrophage inflammation in vitro, by modulating the expression of key inflammatory regulators such NF-B and NLRP3 inflammasome subunit.
ARE NATIONAL SYSTEMS OF INNOVATION CONVERGING ? THE CASE OF CEN / TS 16555

According to theories of internationalization and globalization, national systems of innovation (NIS) is in the process of convergence: They tend to become more ? similar? due to globalization of best practice undermining national specificities and institutional arrangements of innovation. In contrast, theories and analysis focusing on NIS predict that national systems of innovation will resist the homogenous pressure in globalization and remain relatively heterogeneous and thus promote and represent different institutional arrangements and their support of innovation processes within firms. Focusing on possibly institutional convergence, this paper analyzes the recent attempts to standardize innovation management at the European level as a de facto test of the degree of internationalization of National Innovation Systems. The paper demonstrates that the efforts made to establish a European ? best-practice? standard for innovation management has been unsuccessful. The main reason is the lack of common ground between European Countries, most members of the European Union, since the conceptions of innovation and innovation management differ too much across national systems of innovation. In line with theory of NIS robustness to internationalization , key actors including Central-European states and European companies, have been eager to retain their room to maneuver in relation to innovation management. This means that the European states still will have their national standard intact and the freedom to develop new standards more adaptable to national conditions, showcasing that NIS is not converging in this institutional domain and that NIS can successfully resist forces of of convergence inherent in globalization.
Implementation and Evaluation of Task-based Approaches for Molecular Dynamics Simulations Entwicklung und Evaluation Task-basierter Ansätze für Molekulardynamik Simulationen

ls1-mardyn is a molecular dynamics code specialized in simulations of very large scale of up to 4.125 × 1012 particles [EHB+13]. Although the established approach for its force calculation, which is using coloring and OpenMP loop parallelization, proves to be very efficient, it still leaves potential for optimization because of its use of barriers. A promising method to replace these barriers are task-based scheduling concepts due to their higher flexibility and finer granularity. As such a library, the highly dynamic Quicksched code [GCS16] has here been used for implementing task-based shared-memory parallelization approaches for the force calculations in ls1-mardyn. Their performance has been tested on an Intel Xeon Phi Knights Corner accelerator and is compared to established approaches that use domain coloring and OpenMP loop parallelization. When directly comparing the results it is hard to beat the efficiency of the highly optimized established approaches. Yet, through an in-depth analysis of the scheduling, possible performance potentials can be identified and shown to be exploited by the task-based approaches. However, task-based approaches introduce new challenges of their own. These are analyzed and discussed and possible solutions are proposed.
Creating 3 D images for facial recognition using the RealSense SR 300

3D face recognition is becoming a viable alternative to traditional 2D face recognition. It is more robust in terms of changed lighting and rotation of the face. The RealSense SR300 is a depth camera which makes use of structured light. It acquires the depth data using an infrared projector and camera. This paper presents a method to create a 3D point cloud of a face using this camera. Several settings in the software environment are treated to obtain an image with the best quality. Measurements are done on the depth resolution and the per-pixel depth deviation. A Face verification algorithm is used to assess the quality of the generated point cloud and determine a relation between False Accept Rate and Verification Rate using two depth images of 22 subjects. The effects of lighting conditions and the distance between a subject and the camera are tested. The depth resolution is very dependent on the distance between subject and camera and is optimal at 25 cm. The perpixel depth deviation is deemed too small to have a large impact at close distances. At larger distances averaging of multiple frames is suggested. Using the verification algorithm, a VR of 0.991 is found at FAR=0. At FAR=0.05 the VR = 1. The camera performs very poorly in outside conditions but can achieve acceptable results when increasing the projector brightness. Inside, the best results are achieved with a lower projector brightness. The maximum distance between the camera and the subject is 40 cm. Beyond this length, the face model becomes unreliable in terms of verification. This method enables the RealSense SR300 to be used as a reliable, cheap face recognition system for any indoor applications. As this camera comes built into various laptops and tablets, it can be used for various security applications. Several potential recommendations for further research are given to increase the performance of the camera.
Transforming growth factor is dispensable for the molecular orchestration of Th 17 cell differentiation

The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Exp. Med. Vol. 206 No. 11 2407-2416 www.jem. org/cgi/doi/10.1084/jem.20082286 2407 IL-17 plays a central role in several types of autoimmune inflammation and provides resistance to certain infections (Weaver et al., 2006; Reiner, 2007; Rudner et al., 2007; Zelante et al., 2007). Mice that lack IL-17 or IL-17 receptor are resistant to multiple autoimmune conditions and are susceptible to certain infections. In humans, IL-17 levels in the serum correlate well with the severity of several autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, suggesting that IL-17 is a promising target for these diseases (Iwakura and Ishigame, 2006; Burlingham et al., 2007). A major source of IL-17 is a distinct subset of Th cells termed Th17 cells. These cells produce abundant amounts of IL-17, IL-21, IL-22, and IL-6 (Weaver et al., 2006; Reiner, 2007; Zhou et al., 2007). Differentiation of Th17 cells is guided by retinoic acid receptor–related orphan nuclear receptors (RORs)  and t (Ivanov et al., 2007; Yang et al., 2008b), which are activated by various stimuli such as IL-1, TGF-, and IL-6 CORRESPONDENCE Yufang Shi: shiyufang2@gmail.com OR Gobardhan Das: dasgo@icgeb.res.in
Trees for Causal Bayesian Networks

Bayesian networks can be used to extract explanations about the observed state of a subset of variables. In this paper, we explicate the desiderata of an explanation and confront them with the concept of explanation proposed by existing methods. The necessity of taking into account causal approaches when a causal graph is available is discussed. We then introduce causal explanation trees, based on the construction of explanation trees using the measure of causal information flow (Ay and Polani, 2006). This approach is compared to several other methods on known networks.
Modern Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithms Written by :

Recent advances in Reinforcement Learning, grounded on combining classical theoretical results with Deep Learning paradigm, led to breakthroughs in many artificial intelligence tasks and gave birth to Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) as a field of research. In this work latest DRL algorithms are reviewed with a focus on their theoretical justification, practical limitations and observed empirical properties.
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy Refractory to Treatment in a Tertiary Referral Centre

Introduction: Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME) is an epileptic syndrome often regarded as one in which seizures are relatively easy to control. Not infrequently, however, individuals with JME require lifelong therapy to remain seizure-free and a few have refractory epilepsy. We ascertained a population with JME and characterized a refractory subgroup. Material and Methods: We audited and reviewed clinical records of individuals diagnosed with JME identified via a sample of 6,600 individuals in a clinical database at a specialized epilepsy clinic at a tertiary referral center. Results: We identified 240 people with a diagnosis of JME (146 females), with mean age at seizure onset 14.2 years (SD 4.5) and mean age at diagnosis 15.6 years (SD 4.9). Clinical phenotypes seen were classic JME phenotype (88%), childhood absence epilepsy evolving into JME (6%), JME with adolescent absences (4%) and JME with astatic seizures (2%). More than a quarter (28%) had a family history of epilepsy. The most commonly used AED was sodium valproate, in 78% of individuals, followed by levetiracetam (64%) and lamotrigine (55%). In the previous year, 47.5% were seizure-free. Using the ILAE definitions and considering NICE recommended AEDs for this syndrome, 121 individuals (50.4%) were identified as having refractory epilepsy. Discussion: JME is often regarded as a benign epileptic syndrome but in this setting half of the individuals with JME have refractory epilepsy with only about a quarter of those seizure-free in the previous year. Despite some advances in the understanding of this syndrome, there is still much to do before we can offer all the best outcomes.
International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering

Recent cryptosystems constitute an effective task for cryptanalysis algorithms due to their internal structure based on nonlinearity. This problem can be formulated as NP-Hard. It has long been subject to various attacks; available results, emerged many years ago remain insufficient when handling large instances due to resources requirement which increase with the amount of processed data. On another side, optimization techniques inspired by swarm intelligence represents a set of approaches used to solve complex problems. This is mainly due to their fast convergence with a consumption of reduced resources. The purpose of this paper is to provide, and for a first time, a more detailed study about the performance of BAT algorithm in cryptanalysis of some variant of Data encryption standard algorithms. Experiments were performed to study the effectiveness of the used algorithm in solving the considered problem and underline the difficulties encountered.
Stable isotope ratios reveal food source of benthic fi sh and crustaceans along a gradient of trophic status in the East China Sea

The East China Sea (ECS) receives large quantities of particulate organic matter (POM) and inorganic nutrients transported from the Changjiang (Yangtze River), which have produced high productivity in the northwestern ECS. This study evaluated potential contributions of terrigenous POM (allochthonous food source) and nutrient-induced marine production (autochthonous source) to the ECS benthic ecosystem by analyzing stable isotopic compositions of phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic crustaceans and fish. Benthic consumers exhibited δC values similar to those of their autochthonous food sources (i.e., phytoplankton and zooplankton), revealing their major reliance on marine production. In contrast, the δC values of benthic fish ( 19.6‰ to 13.5‰) and crustaceans ( 18.9‰ to 15.0‰) were much higher than that of terrigenous POM ( 25.7‰), which generally accounted for less than 20% of the most fish diet. Phytoplankton and zooplankton generally exhibited higher δC values at eutrophic and highly productive inshore sites than at oligotrophic offshore sites. This enrichment of inshore δC values was mainly attributed to lower photosynthetic fractionation during algal blooms, an effect that was further enhanced during flood period of the Changjiang. The δC values of demersal fish assemblages were also significantly higher at inshore sites and decreased seaward. However, fish δN values and their estimated trophic levels showed relatively small spatial variation. The disproportionate variations in δC and δN values suggested that the enriched C isotopic signatures derived from an elevated δC baseline of the inshore food web instead of trophic enrichment of the isotopic ratios. The significantly positive correlations between concentrations of chlorophyll a and nutrients versus fish δC provided further evidence for the use of pelagic algal bloom materials by inshore consumers. The isotopic and oceanographic survey data suggested that inorganic nutrients discharged from the Changjiang River nourish benthic consumers in the ECS and play an important role in linking marine benthic ecosystems to local pelagic primary production as well as to the adjacent terrestrial watershed. & 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
HumanWeapon-Activity Recognition in Surveillance Videos Using Structural-RNN Praneeth Susarla

In today’s world, video surveillance systems play a vital role in commercial and industrial environments. The important goal of a surveillance activity is to observe suspicious behavior of humans and objects in a scene using camera or other sensors. Most of the current surveillance systems perform such activities by identifying persons,tracking their individual paths independently, not in conjunction with the objects in the scene. However, in a real world surveillance scenario,the behavior of people and their interaction with objects need to be modeled to reason about suspicious activities. Our contribution, through this work is in using the state-ofthe-art Structural Recurrent Neural Networks (SRNN) method to model the complex spatio-temporal human-object interactions in surveillance. Our best results have a final F1 score of 87.3 on the human sub-activity recognition task and 82.7 on the object affordances recognition task. Our work considered weapons as objects of interest.
13 Studies of Cardio Toxin Protein Adsorption on Mixed Self-Assembled Monolayers Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations

To understand protein adsorption on a surface is very important in bio-related domains of technology and application such as biomaterials, implant biocompatibility, and biosensor technology. (Gray 2004) Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are excellent model surfaces for biology and biochemistry because they are stable, highly ordered, easy to prepare, and provide a wide range of organic functionality. (Love et al. 2005) Previous experimental studies (Ostuni et al. 2003; Prime & G.M. Whitesides 1991) have indicated that hydrophobic interactions are the major mechanism for protein adsorption on surfaces, and the dehydration of both the protein and hydrophobic SAMs provides an entropic driving force for protein adsorption. (Ostuni et al. 2003) Nonetheless, there are still many questions needed to be clarified and difficult to be investigated in experiments. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a powerful tool that is able to investigate the atomic details of a molecular system. This paper summarizes the investigations of proteins adsorption on alkanethiol SAMs by means of MD simulations in order to expand the limited information that the experiments can provide. (Hung et al.2006; Hung et al.2010; Hung et al. 2011)
In silico study of cis-acting elements revealing the plastid gene involved in oxidative phosphorylation are responsive to abiotic stresses

In order to study plastid gene response to abiotic stresses, the chloroplast genome of Brassica nigra and studied cis-acting elements were downloaded. All upstream regions of genes were determined and searched for the presence of known cis-acting elements. In these regions, 83 types of cis-acting elements were recognized. Unnamed elements (139 times), CAAT-box (96 times), and TATA-box (92 times) were in high frequency, whereas ATCC-motif, Box III, CE1, CE3, C-repeat/DRE, E2Fb, Gap-box, L-box, RY-element, and TGA-box occurred only one time. All of the cis-acting elements were grouped into seven categories, which 17% of cis-acting elements placed into abiotic and biotic-related elements. ARE (31 times) and LTR (21 times) elements were in high frequency. Among 42 genes with abiotic stress-related elements, 29 genes showed co-expression. Our results show that in response to anaerobic conditions and cold stress, chloroplast alters the genes-encoding proteins involved in complex I and V in oxidative phosphorylation pathway. This process, probably, is to reduce electron flow and convert NADPH and FADH forms to ATP form. These actions could decrease generating reactive oxygen species under stressful conditions. These findings could offer new insights on the strategies which chloroplasts take into account for preventing oxidative damage. Acta Biol Szeged 61(2):179-188 (2017) KEy WoRdS
High-Performance Robust

First a new high performance robust latch (referred to as HiPeR latch) is presented, that is insensitive to transient faults affecting its internal and output nodes by design, independently of the size of its transistors. Then, a modified version of the HiPeR latch (referred as HiPeR-CG) is proposed, that is suitable to be used together with clock gating. Both proposed latches are faster than the latches most recently presented in the literature, while providing better or comparable robustness to transient faults, at comparable or lower costs in terms of area and power, respectively. Therefore, thanks to the good tradeoffs in terms of performance, robustness and cost, our proposed latches are particularly suitable to be adopted on critical paths.
Risk Sources and Management Strategies of Farmers : Evidence from Mahanadi River Basin of Odisha in India

This study utilises primary data of sample farmers from flood prone areas of Mahanadi river basin of Odisha to examine their perceptions on sources of risk and management strategies. Data was collected from 311 farmers located in three regions of river Mahanadi namely upper region (Sonepur district), middle region (Boudh district) and lower region (Kendrapada district). Factor analysis has been used to reduce 26 sources of risk and 24 risk management strategies into 8 to 10 factors. Results show that drought is the main source of risk in the upper region, problem of inadequate financial support from government in the middle region, farmers and flood in the lower region. In order to cope with the risk, the major risk management strategy followed by the farmers from upper region was varietal diversification with respect to rice, mixed cropping in the middle region and crop diversification in the lower region. The results of the study provide useful insights for improving the efficacy of management of risks in agriculture in the flood prone areas of Odisha.
ff ect on Flux-Variance Estimations of Sensible and Latent Heat Fluxes of Camellia Sinensis

Precise estimation of surface-atmosphere exchange is a major challenge in micrometeorology. Previous literature presented the eddy covariance (EC) as the most reliable method for the measurements of such fluxes. Nevertheless, the EC technique is quite expensive and complex, hence other simpler methods are sought. One of these methods is Flux-Variance (FV). The FV method estimates sensible heat flux (H) using high frequency (~10Hz) air temperature measurements by a fine wire thermocouple. Additional measurements of net radiation (Rn) and soil heat flux (G) allow the derivation of latent heat flux (LE) as the residual of the energy balance equation. In this study, the Flux Variance method was investigated, and the results were compared against eddy covariance measurements. The specific goal of the present study was to assess the performance of the FV method for the estimation of surface fluxes along a variable fetch. Experiment was carried out in a tea garden; an EC system measured latent and sensible heat fluxes and five fine-wire thermocouples were installed towards the wind dominant direction at different distances (fetch) of TC1 = 170 m, TC2 = 165 m, TC3 = 160 m, TC4 = 155 m and TC5 = 150 m from the field edge. Footprint analysis was employed to examine the effect of temperature measurement position on the ratio between 90% footprint and measurement height. Results showed a good agreement between FV and EC measurements of sensible heat flux, with all regression coefficients (R2) larger than 0.6; the sensor at 170 m (TC1), nearest to the EC system, had highest R2 = 0.86 and lowest root mean square error (RMSE = 25 Wm−2). The estimation of LE at TC1 was also in best agreement with eddy covariance, with the highest R2 = 0.90. The FV similarity constant varied along the fetch within the range 2.2–2.4.
Chapter X 176 Chapter X : A Novel synthesis approach for iodide based nanocrystals *

In this chapter, the synthesis of various binary and ternary inorganic and hybrid organic-inorganic iodide NCs starting from molecular iodine will be discussed. The synthesis described herein utilizes a reaction between I2 and oleylamine, which results in oleylammonium iodide an iodide precursor that can be directly used in the preparation of iodide based NCs. The versatility of this synthesis was demonstrated by synthesizing various different types of nanocrystals: KI, RbI, CsI, AgI, CsPbI3, FAPbI3, Cs4PbI6, Cs3Bi2I9, FA3Bi2I9 and RbAg4I5. Furthermore, the syntheses are easy and are carried out in vials that are heated on a hotplate in air. They exhibit not only narrow size distributions, but also, in the case of leadbased perovskites nanocrystals, 70-80% photoluminescence quantum yields. 10.