Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuroadaptive learning algorithm for constrained nonlinear systems with disturbance rejection

For practical plants, there are not only inevitable endogenous and exogenous disturbances, but also constraint demands for control input amplitude, output performance, and system states. The existing controllers are difficult to handle the aforementioned control issues simultaneously and may be affected by “explosion of complexity. ” In this work, we will develop a neuroadaptive learning algorithm for constrained nonlinear systems with disturbance rejection. In detail, the performance prescribed function and time‐varying barrier Lyapunov functions will be constructed to achieve the prescribed output performance and time‐varying state constraints, respectively. Furthermore, the neural network adaptive control and the extended state observers will be combined to respectively estimate the endogenous uncertainties and exogenous disturbances on‐line and meanwhile compensate for them feedforwardly. In particular, a filter will be introduced to estimate the virtual control law at each procedure, and this filtered value will replace its actual value in synthesizing the controller. In addition, the filtering errors and input saturation nonlinearity will be compensated by introducing an auxiliary system. Eventually, the whole closed‐loop stability is strictly guaranteed and the achievable control performance is verified by the application results.
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL ADOBE HOUSES IN IRAN USING AMBIENT VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS

In Iran most of the rural houses are made of mud and adobe. Various reasons have caused adobe construction to be the first choice for a long time, among them: low-cost materials, environmental compatibility, good insulation, simple construction methods, and limited financial resources. This type of buildings generally has one or two stories. On the other hand, experiences of past earthquakes indicate that these houses are among the most vulnerable types of building and may not resist even moderate earthquakes because of their high weight and low seismic strength and ductility. Presented in this paper are the results obtained by experimental in situ testing of adobe houses from several earthquake-prone provinces in Iran. Three types of single-story houses are considered for investigation, including adobe walls with wooden flat roofs, adobe walls with arched roofs, and adobe walls with vaulted roofs using three SS-1 seismograghs and SSR-1 DAQ system. The results indicate that fundamental frequency and damping ratio of these adobe houses are at the range of 4.8 to 16.2 Hz and 1.5 to 3.5 per cent, respectively. Furthermore, dynamic characteristics of the tested houses have been used to calibrate numerical FEM models for low amplitude excitation at the range of elastic behavior.
Silencing ATF3 Might Delay TBHP-Induced Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Repressing NPC Ferroptosis, Apoptosis, and ECM Degradation

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), being the predominant root cause of lower back pain, has led to an enormous socioeconomic burden in the world. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent nonapoptotic and nonpyroptotic programmed cell death associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of IDD. Activation transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is widely reported to promote ferroptosis and apoptosis in multiple diseases, but its roles and underlying regulatory mechanism in IDD have not been identified. FAoptosis is defined as a mixed cell death consisting of ferroptosis and apoptosis. The loss- and gain-of-function experiments demonstrated that ATF3 positively regulated tert-butyl hydroperoxide- (TBHP-) induced nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) FAoptosis, ROS production, inflammatory response, and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Furthermore, silencing ATF3 ameliorated the progression of IDD in vivo, whereas its overexpression showed the opposite phenotype. Bioinformatics analysis and molecular experiments corroborated that ATF3 is a direct target of miR-874-3p, suggesting that the upregulation of ATF3 in IDD might be caused at least in part due to the downregulation of miR-874-3p in IDD, thereby relieving the inhibition of ATF3 by miR-874-3p. The findings revealed that ATF3 has the potential to be used as a promising therapeutic target against IDD.
Political Marketing Factors Determining Advantages Intention to Vote (Study on Tubanregency Election December 2020)

This study aims to examine the variables of political marketing to get the most votes. This variable is a technique and control of a system so that the campaign team is successful in general elections to win or get the most votes in the political arena. For this reason, the success team must understand strategies in political marketing, which include intimacy, personal connections, trust, intention to vote, personal connections, and word of mouth. The research approach method uses quantitative because this research focuses on hypothesis testing so that the research process can be carried out in a structured manner and uses a large sample. Research result Familiarity has a significant effect on personal connection in political marketing in the 2020 Tuban Regency election. Familiarity has no significant effect on Trust in political marketing in the 2020 Tuban Regency election. Familiarity has a significant effect on the intention to vote in political marketing in the 2020 Tuban Regency election. The personal connection has a significant effect on Trust in political marketing in the 2020 Tuban Regency election. Trust has a significant effect on word of mouth in political marketing in the Tuban Regency election in 2020. Trust significantly affects the intention to vote in political marketing in the 2020 Tuban Regency post-conflict local election. Intention to vote has a significant effect on word of mouth in political marketing in the 2020 Tuban Regency post-conflict local election.
Passive Source Illumination Compensation Based Full Waveform Inversion

The high velocity structures always produce shielding effect to the low velocity structures below them in conventional full waveform inversion (FWI), which leads to few reflected information recorded on surface corresponding to those low velocity structures. The insufficient illumination will influence the final results of FWI, especially on deep structures. Here we consider compensating the insufficient illumination of active seismic sources using passive seismic sources. Based on conventional FWI, we introduce the constraint with passive seismic data, and propose a strategy for passive source illumination compensation based FWI. Firstly, we discuss the relationship between the accuracy of velocity model and the estimation of source locations and wavelets. Then we provide the workflow of this strategy. Numerical example shows this illumination compensation strategy can provide more detailed deep information.
Chemical Modification of Teff Straw Biomass for Adsorptive Removal of Cr (VI) from Aqueous Solution: Characterization, Optimization, Kinetics, and Thermodynamic Aspects

Teff straw, a by-product of Teff, mainly available in Ethiopia, has not been studied much for biosorbent production. The present study has investigated the effects of modification and optimization of process parameters (viz., concentration of modifying agent (H3PO4 and KOH), modifying temperature, and modifying time) on the Cr (VI) removal efficiency of using chemically activated Teff straw biosorbent by RSM followed by BBD. The maximum Cr (VI) removal was obtained using an H3PO4-modified Teff straw biosorbent of 92.5% with 2 M concentration of the modifying agent, 110°C, and 4 h. Similarly, maximum Cr (VI) removal using KOH-modified Teff straw biosorbent of 95.2% was obtained with 1.5 M activating agent concentration, 105°C activation temperature, and 3.5 h activation time. In addition, the effects of adsorption parameters (viz., biosorbent dosage, temperature, initial concentration of Cr (VI), and contact time) were investigated. The maximum removal efficiency was attained at 2 g of biosorbent dosage, 4 h contact, 75 mg/L of initial Cr (VI) concentration, and 25°C sorption temperature. In addition, isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies for Cr (VI) biosorption were studied. The experimental adsorption data were well fitted with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model with higher correlation coefficient in both untreated and chemically modified Teff straw biosorbent. The investigated thermodynamic parameters ( Δ H o , Δ S o , and Δ G o ) confirmed that Cr (VI) metal ions’ adsorption process onto Teff straw biosorbent was spontaneous and endothermic.
Determinants of Intention to Stay of Higher Learning Institutions Administrators: A Review of Theory and Evidence

Today’s business challenges are no longer only about facing the economic uncertainty but also the ability to strategise and reconfigure the business operations in facing the changing world business landscape, which is highly dependent on the efficiency of organisations in managing their employees. This is also a growing concern shared by the Malaysian Private Higher Learning Institutions (PHLIs). Thus, this paper intends to fill the gap in the body of knowledge of HRM practices with specific emphasis on identifying determinants of Malaysia PHLIs’ administrators’ intention to stay. Grounded by several turnover models, this study proposes a framework linking Human Resources Management (HRM) practices and intention to stay. The findings revealed that from the four HRM practice variables used in the study, only training and performance appraisal were found to have a direct influence on the administrators’ intention to stay. On the evaluation of PHLIs ’ administrators on HRM practices (performance appraisal, training, and selection), the regression results showed a significant effect, F (3, 268) = 25.95, p < 0.000. This indicates that the inclusion of independent variables improved the model significantly. Looking at the individual interactions, the results indicated that Training ( β = 0.30, p < 0.001) had the strongest influence on PHLIs ’ administrator’s intention to stay, followed by Performance Appraisal ( β = 0.21, p < 0.001). Selection was not significant in predicting PHLIs ’ administrator’s intention to stay.
The effect of source noise and dipping structure on the Jumpingpound 3C-2D data

A five kilometer long 3C-2D seismic line was acquired by CREWES near Jumpingpound (west of Calgary, Alberta) in 2002. The migrated vertical component stack shows a clear image of the eastern flank of the triangle zone in the study area. The radial component shot gathers are quite noisy, but coherent reflections can be identified on the migrated stack. The vertical and radial component stacks compare well, and it should be possible to conduct a joint interpretation study. ACQUISITION
Dynamics of Chinese Export Comparative Advantage: Analysis Based on RSCA Index

Based on RSCA index, using kernel density estimation, Markov chain transition probability matrix, and survival analysis method, this paper analyzes the dynamics of Chinese export comparative advantage from 2001 to 2020 and draws the following conclusions. Firstly, after 20 years of export trade development, although the comparative advantage of a few commodities of China has weakened and comparative disadvantage has increased, the comparative advantage of most commodities is improving, and the overall distribution of comparative advantage remained unchanged. Secondly, the stability of Chinese comparative advantage is higher than liquidity, and liquidity as a whole shows a good trend. In addition, the viability of Chinese commodities with comparative advantage has performed well in the past 20 years. Therefore, China should optimize export mode based on comparative advantage.
Jointly modeling bus and taxi ridership: A Bayesian multivariate spatial analysis accounting for cross‐ridership correlation

Understanding the spatial patterns of transit ridership and their ascribable factors is critical for urban and transportation planning. Existing studies predominantly examine a single type of transit ridership but neglect important cross‐ridership correlation. This study aims to develop a Bayesian multivariate spatial modeling approach for jointly analyzing multiple ridership. In particular, cross‐ridership correlation is estimated using correlated spatially unstructured residuals, correlated spatial random effects, or the combination of both. The proposed approach is applied to a case study of Wuhu, China, where the correlation between bus and taxi ridership is accounted for in the modeling of transit ridership and their built environment determinants. Results show that accounting for cross‐ridership correlation significantly improves model‐fitting, but the fashion used to induce such a correlation matters. Furthermore, the role of built environment in determining transit ridership could be over‐estimated without considering cross‐ridership correlation. This study contributes to statistical modeling of transit ridership by applying a spatial multivariate approach, which can improve our understanding of the underlying processes of multiple ridership, their interactions, as well as their associations with physical environments.
Assessment of Radiative Heating for Hypersonic Earth Reentry Using Nongray Step Models

Accurate prediction of the aerothermal environment is of great significance to space exploration and return missions. The canonical Fire II trajectory points are simulated to investigate the radiative transfer in the shock layer for Earth reentry at hypervelocity above 10 km/s using a developed radiation–flowfield uncoupling method. The thermochemical nonequilibrium flow is solved by an in-house PHAROS Navier–Stokes code, while the nongray radiation is integrated by the tangent slab approximation, respectively, combined with the two-, five-, and eight-step models. For the convective heating, the present results agree well with the data of Anderson’s relation. For the radiative heating, the two-step model predicts the closest values with the results of Tauber and Sutton’s relationship, while the five- and eight-step models predict far greater. The three-step models all present the same order of magnitude of radiative heating of 1 MW/m2 and show a consistent tendency with the engineering estimation. The Planck-mean absorption coefficient is calculated to show the radiative transfer significantly occurs in the shock layer. By performing the steady simulation at each flight trajectory point, the present algorithm using a nongray step model with moderate efficiency and reasonable accuracy is promising to solve the real-time problem in engineering for predicting both convective and radiative heating to the atmospheric reentry vehicle in the future.
Learning Māori in the workplace: non-Māori learners’ assessment of the value of te reo

ABSTRACT In New Zealand, te reo Māori (or just te reo) is currently being learned as a second language by record numbers of non-Māori, many of whom are increasingly able to access it through language courses offered by their employing organisations. Considering recent research and policy advocating the value of te reo for all New Zealanders, workplace courses of the language represent important new spaces for the development of normalising discourses and initiatives. Drawing on a small-scale qualitative study, we examine how the value of te reo is understood by adult non-Māori staff who choose to learn it at a New Zealand university. We find that the learners assess te reo according to categories of value that exist in close relation to one another as part of personal systems of value, within which organisational discourses about te reo are integrated. The language is perceived as valuable not only in instrumental terms for the participants' professional life, but as a meaningful symbol of national identity, of exemplary citizenship, and of their responsibility toward creating a more harmonious society. Overall, the study provides preliminary evidence of the potential contribution of workplace courses of te reo for its wider normalisation across New Zealand.
A new opportunity for enhancing trial efficiency: Can we investigate intervention implementation processes within trials using SWAT (study within a trial) methodology?

Background A study within a trial (SWAT) is a self-contained research study embedded within one or more host trials to evaluate or explore alternative ways of delivering or organising a particular trial process. There is limited evidence of SWATs evaluating trial processes other than recruitment and retention. Purpose Embedding a SWAT into a host trial provides a potential method of evaluating an aspect of intervention implementation, such as engagement or compliance with the intervention. Research Design This paper presents two case studies of SWATs which aim to test the use of video animations to improve intervention implementation, with particular focus on enhancing understanding, engagement and compliance. These are important aspects of intervention implementation as they are directly linked to intervention effectiveness and therefore, important to study. Results In this paper, we present the potential benefits of conducting SWATs of intervention implementation processes as well as discussing the methodological considerations for embedding a SWAT of this nature within a host trial. Benefits include the opportunity to test minor refinements to intervention implementation within trials through robust randomised SWATs, and the possibility of increasing trial efficiency by maximising the quality or quantity of intervention implementation. Methodological considerations surrounding the design and conduct of the SWAT as well as statistical and health economics considerations are discussed in this paper. Conclusions This paper presents a novel application of SWAT methodology in investigating intervention implementation processes within trial conduct.
Physical Activity and the Built Environment in Residential Neighborhoods of Seoul and Seattle: An Empirical Study Based on Housewives′ GPS Walking Data and Travel Diaries

This paper is based on a collaborative pilot-study to ascertain the characteristic walking patterns and neighborhood features in residential areas of Seoul, Korea and Seattle, USA. As for sample sites, four case neighborhoods were selected: two from Seoul and two from in and outside of the Seattle-Shoreline areas. As for participants, thirty Korean housewives in Seoul and thirty Korean-American housewives in the Seattle area were selected respectively, and their socio-demographic characteristics, GPS records, and travel diary data for seven days were collected and analyzed. Considering the typical rainy seasons in the two cities, data collections, including the physical activity assessment by GPS devices, were carried out from May to June and from September to October in Seoul, and from July to October in Seattle during the year 2010. Noteworthy research findings include the following: Korean participants in Seoul walk about 2.6 km on average per day, while Korean-American participants in Seattle walk about 400m on average per day. In the case sites of Seoul, 75% of grocery shopping activities happen within the neighborhood by walking, while only 17% of those activities on foot happen in the case sites of Seattle. As for the most walking activity, about 70% of total walking amounts are related to utilitarian walking in Seoul sites, while 50% of total walking are related to recreational walking in Seattle sites. Recreational walking and utilitarian walking occur separately in Seattle sites, while the two walking types are often combined in Seoul sites, which also contribute to more walking amounts and farther walking distances in Seoul sites. This paper empirically confirms the widely held assumptions in part that residents in Seoul, a relatively high-density and high mixed-use city, walk more than those in Seattle, a relatively low-density and low mixed-use city. This paper also recognizes that in the case of both cities, more walking activities occur in the neighborhood built environment, where finely-grained street networks, small lots and blocks, various pedestrian destinations, public transit access, etc are provided in close connection. The amount and frequency of walking activities, as well as the fineness of neighborhood features, however, are remarkably different in the two cities, whose implications deserve in-depth exploration in further studies.
REMOTE DETECTION OF BUILDING AIR INFILTRATION USING A COMPACT MICROPHONE ARRAY AND ADVANCED BEAMFORMING METHODS

In the United States excess air infiltration is estimated to account for approximately 23% and 14% of the total amount of energy used for heating and cooling in all residential and commercial buildings, respectively. The overall goal is to use a non-intrusive acoustic phased array with beamforming techniques to remotely detect specific envelope leaks in buildings. Pressure fluctuations associated with the leakage flow can be localized by using a compact, noninvasive microphone array with advanced beamforming algorithms.
The effect of hematoma evacuation with decompressive craniectomy on clinical outcomes in patients with parenchymal hematoma type 2 of hemorrhagic transformation after middle cerebral artery infarction

ABSTRACT Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of hematoma evacuation (HE) with decompressive craniectomy (DC) and to evaluate whether HE with DC is associated with improvement of clinical outcomes in patients with parenchymal hematoma type 2 (PH2) after middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction. Methods Between March 2007 and August 2020, 73 patients with PH2 after MCA infarction underwent DC. The HE group (n = 28) consisted of subjects who underwent HE with DC and the non-HE group (n = 45) consisted of subjects who underwent only DC without HE. The clinical outcomes were analyzed and compared between groups. Results Significant differences in clinical outcomes were not observed between the groups at discharge (P = 0.648) and 12-month follow-up (P = 0.346). Mortality rate within 12 months was not significantly different between the groups (log-rank, P = 0.685). There were 12 reoperations in the HE group (42.9%) and three reoperations in the non-HE group (6.7%; P = 0.037). Logistic regression analysis showed the initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (OR, 2.320; 95% CI, 1.128–5.965; P = 0.046) and the infarction volume (OR, 1.876; 95% CI, 1.935–11.892; P = 0.041) were independently associated with mortality (modified Rankin Scale, 6) within the 12 months. Conclusions In patients with PH2 of hemorrhagic transformation after MCA infarction, HE with DC does not change the clinical outcomes or mortality but might increase the reoperation risk.