Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classificati on Development of algorithm based on Bayesian model of Classification

Data Mining is evolving to provide automated analysis solutions and is defined as the nontrivial process of identifying valid, novel, potentially useful, and ultimately understandable patterns in data and describing them in a concise and meaningful manner. This work consider two common interpretations of structured data: the occurrence of relations between categories of the units of analysis, that is, between the principal entities of a statistical study (categorization structure) or the occurrence of relations between the units of analysis and/or the units observation, that is, the secondary entities of the statistical study that are correlated with the units of analysis (unit structure). This work face and deeply investigate the problem of Naive Bayesian learning from these two forms of structured data. In particular, for the case of categorization structure, It propose a framework for the usage of Naive Bayes classifiers in the case of hierarchically related categories, while, for the case of unit structure, and resort to a multi-relational approach to Data Mining.
CROSSTALK AND DISCONTINUITIES REDUCTION ON MULTI-MODULE MEMORY BUS BY PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION

Due to high-density routing under the CPU and DIMM areas, the original design of even and odd mode characteristic impedances changes. The occurrence of multi-drop problem between the CPU and memory chip causes over- and under-driven that reduce the eye opening. Furthermore, the difierent phase velocities of even- and odd-modes cause timing jitter at the receiver end. This paper proposes two steps to solve the complex issue of signal integrity for the multi-module memory bus. First, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to tune the characteristic impedance of the transmission line and on-die termination (ODT) values to improve transmission line impedance changes to obtain maximum power delivery. The fltness function of the algorithm is deflned by selecting the minimum re∞ection coe-cient at the driver side and maximum the transmission coe-cient at the receiver side to reduce the over- and under-driven Second, the timing jitter can be reduced by placing a capacitor to compensate for the velocity difierence caused by difierent propagation modes. Finally, signal integrity enhancements for the DDR3 are verifled by measuring S parameters in the frequency domain and postprocessed eye diagrams in the time domain.
occlusal loading of immediate post-extractive versus delayed placement of single implants in preserved sockets of the anterior maxilla : 4-month post-loading results from a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of immediate post-extractive single implants with delayed implants placed in preserved sockets after 4 months of healing. Implants that achieved an insertion torque of at least 35 Ncm were immediately non-occlusally loaded. Materials and methods: Just after tooth extraction and in the presence of a loss of the buccal plate bone less than 4 mm, compared to the palatal wall, 106 patients requiring a single immediate postextractive implant in the maxilla from second premolar to second premolar were randomly allocated to immediate implant placement (immediate group; 54 patients) or to socket preservation using anorganic bovine bone covered by a resorbable collagen barrier (delayed group; 52 patients) according to a parallel group design at three different centres. Bone-to-implant gaps were to be filled with anorganic bovine bone, however this was not done in 17 patients (corresponding to 40% of those who should have been grafted). Four months after socket preservation, delayed implants were placed. Implants placed with an insertion torque >35 Ncm were immediately loaded with non-occluding provisional single crowns, replaced, after 4 months, by definitive crowns. Outcome measures were implant failures, complications, aesthetics assessed using the pink esthetic score (PES), and patient satisfaction, recorded by blinded assessors. All patients were followed up to 4 months after loading. Results: Nineteen (35%) implants were not immediately loaded in the immediate group versus 39 (75%) implants in the delayed placement group because an insertion torque >35 Ncm could not be obtained. No patient dropped out. Two implants failed in the immediate group (4%) versus none in the delayed group. More minor complications occurred in the immediate group (8) than the in the delayed group (1) and this was statistically significant (P = 0.032). At delivery of definitive crowns, 4 months after loading, aesthetics were scored as 12.8 and 12.6 in the immediate and delayed groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference (P = 0.5). Patients of both groups were equally satisfied. Conclusions: There were more complications at immediate post-extractive implants when compared to delayed implants. The aesthetic outcome appears to be similar for both groups and it seems more difficult to obtain a high insertion torque in sockets preserved with anorganic bovine bone.
COMPLETION ANGIOGRAPHY FOR SURGICALLY TREATED CEREBRAL ANEURYSMS: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

OBJECTIVETo compare cost-effectiveness of different strategies for completion angiography after cerebral aneurysm clipping. METHODSA literature search was used to determine the outcome probabilities and costs of various strategies. The pooled results were used in a Markov cost-effectiveness model to compare quality-adjusted life-years and costs of each strategy. Sensitivity (threshold) analyses and Monte Carlo simulation were used to test variation in the model. RESULTSRoutine (for all cases) intraoperative angiography proved to be slightly more cost-effective than selective (only for cases deemed “high risk”) intraoperative angiography, being both less costly and more effective. Routine postoperative angiography was the least cost-effective. However, in centers whose rates of clip-induced arterial compromise are much lower than the averages reported in the literature, selective angiography might be warranted. CONCLUSIONRoutine intraoperative angiography remains the most cost-effective form of completion angiography after aneurysm clipping, at least at our present state of technology.
Aerosol Effects on Intensity of Landfalling Hurricanes as Seen from Simulations with the WRF Model with Spectral Bin Microphysics

Abstract The evolution of a superhurricane (Katrina, August 2005) was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF; version 3.1) with explicit (nonparameterized) spectral bin microphysics (SBM). The new computationally efficient spectral bin microphysical scheme (FAST-SBM) implemented to the WRF calculates at each time step and in each grid point the size distributions of atmospheric aerosols, water drops, cloud ice (ice crystals and aggregates), and graupel/hail. The tropical cyclone (TC) evolution was simulated during 72 h, beginning with its bypassing the Florida coast (27 August 2005) to its landfall just east of New Orleans, Louisiana (near the end of 29 August). The WRF/SBM was used to investigate the potential impact of aerosols ingested into Katrina’s circulation during its passage through the Gulf of Mexico on Katrina’s structure and intensity. It is shown that continental aerosols invigorated convection largely at TC periphery, which led to its weakening prior to landfall. Max.
A “Synaptoplasmic Cistern” Mediates Rapid Inhibition of Cochlear Hair Cells

Cochlear hair cells are inhibited by cholinergic efferent neurons. The acetylcholine (ACh) receptor of the hair cell is a ligand-gated cation channel through which calcium enters to activate potassium channels and hyperpolarize the cell. It has been proposed that calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) from a near-membrane postsynaptic store supplements this process. Here, we demonstrate expression of type I ryanodine receptors in outer hair cells in the apical turn of the rat cochlea. Consistent with this finding, ryanodine and other store-active compounds alter the amplitude of transient currents produced by synaptic release of ACh, as well as the response of the hair cell to exogenous ACh. Like the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle, the “synaptoplasmic” cistern of the hair cell efficiently couples synaptic input to CICR.
A Fundamental Approach to Developing Aluminium based Bulk Amorphous Alloys based on Stable Liquid Metal Structures and Electronic Equilibrium - 154041

Abstract : The primary aim of this research project was to apply a novel topological and electronic-based model recently developed by the principalinvestigator in collaboration with the US Air Force Research Laboratory for accurately predicting compositions of new amorphous alloysspecifically based on aluminium with properties superior to commercial crystalline metals and existing amorphous alloys. This researchinvestigated alloy families that contained a variety of elements including Al, Cu, Ni, Zr, Mg, Pd, Ga, Ca. Many new Al-based amorphousalloys were found within the numerous alloy systems studied in this project, and these were found specifically in compositional regionspredicted by our amorphous alloy structural model. However, the critical casting dimensions of these alloys were still considered as submillimetre,and hence could not producible as bulk specimens of substantial size for practical structural applications. To date, thecrystallisation kinetics of these Al-based alloys is difficult to supress by cooling rates achievable by standard casting practices. Some systemsremain good candidates for further studies which will be pursued beyond the length of this project.
The Therapeutic Potential of Stimulating Endogenous Stem Cell Mobilization

The past decade has seen a fast and extensive development of various therapies and treatment protocols based on Adult Stem Cells (ASC) and their application to various diseases. While some of these treatment protocols have been well documented in the scientific literature and used in well controlled clinical set ups, others have been developed and are being used by a growing numbers of clinics throughout the world, without thorough documentation though nevertheless with good clinical care and with the reports of very compelling results.
Wavelets pre-processing of Artificial Neural Networks classifiers

Artificial neural networks are highly parallel structures inspired by the human brain. They have been used successfully in many human-like applications, such as pattern recognition. Performance of these networks can be enhanced if used properly in conjunction with equally powerful mathematical tools. In this paper, we used the discrete wavelet transform as a pre-processing tool for two well-known neural classifiers; competitive layer networks and learning vector networks. The wavelets transform was used successfully to approximate the input patterns of the two classifiers and thus reduced their input-layer requirements considerably. Such reduction facilitates cost-effective hardware implementations of artificial neural networks.
Source Attribution of Food‐Borne Zoonoses in New Zealand: A Modified Hald Model

A Bayesian approach was developed by Hald et al.( 1) to estimate the contribution of different food sources to the burden of human salmonellosis in Denmark. This article describes the development of several modifications that can be used to adapt the model to different countries and pathogens. Our modified Hald model has several advantages over the original approach, which include the introduction of uncertainty in the estimates of source prevalence and an improved strategy for identifiability. We have applied our modified model to the two major food‐borne zoonoses in New Zealand, namely, campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis. Major challenges were the data quality for salmonellosis and the inclusion of environmental sources of campylobacteriosis. We conclude that by modifying the Hald model we have improved its identifiability, made it more applicable to countries with less intensive surveillance, and feasible for other pathogens, in particular with respect to the inclusion of nonfood sources. The wider application and better understanding of this approach is of particular importance due to the value of the model for decision making and risk management.
Integrated optically isolated laser source via non-reciprocal counter-propapagating four-wave mixing

Optical isolators based on non-reciprocal optical elements are crucial to protect laser sources from unwanted back-reflections. Commercial optical isolators are built using bulk components and micro-optics technology, and contribute a large fraction of the overall manufacturing cost of a telecom laser. Despite the impressive development in photonic integration techniques, the integration of non-reciprocal elements within conventional optoelectronic platforms, such as III-V semiconductors, is still a major challenge. So far, only a few schemes for integrated optical isolators have been actually fabricated and tested, including hybrid integration of magneto-optical materials [1], non-reciprocal mode conversion and non-reciprocal phase shift, high-speed cascaded phase-modulation [2]. Each of the above solutions has specific drawbacks, such as large insertion loss, low isolation, large size.
The Kaspi Rate-Distortion Problem with Encoder Side-Information: Gaussian Case

We consider the problem of compressing a Gaussian source for two decoders, one of which has access to side-information. Kaspi has solved this problem for discrete memoryless sources for the two cases with and without encoder side-information. We focus on the case in which the encoder has access to side-information and we explicitly solve the optimization problem for Gaussian sources and squared error distortion measures. The achievability part of the proof provides an intuitive insight based on the idea of using innovations for the conditional rate-distortion problem. We compare our result to the case in which the encoder is not informed. Heegard and Berger have solved this problem for Gaussian sources. The comparison shows that in this multiple-decoder setup, side-information at the encoder improves the rate-distortion curve even in the Gaussian case.
Conservative management of the post-traumatic stiff elbow: a physiotherapist’s perspective

Elbow stiffness is a common consequence following trauma with the management of this condition posing a challenge to therapists and surgeons alike. This paper discusses the role of conservative treatment, such as exercise and splinting, in the prevention and management of the stiff elbow, along with a review of available evidence, to justify their usage.
REFRESH—reducing families' exposure to secondhand smoke in the home: a feasibility study

Objective To study a novel intervention (REFRESH) aimed at reducing children's exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in their homes. Design A randomised feasibility study. Setting Aberdeen City and Aberdeenshire. Participants A total of 59 smoking mothers with at least one child younger than 6 years. Participation took place between July 2010 and March 2011. Intervention Four home visits over a 1-month period, which involved two 24-h measurements of home air quality (PM2.5) and a motivational interview to encourage changes to smoking behaviour within the home in order to reduce child SHS exposure. The enhanced group received their air quality data as part of their motivational interview at visit 2; the control group received that information at visit 4. Main outcome measures The main outcome measures were comparisons of the data from visits 2 and 4 on the 24-h average concentration of PM2.5, the peak concentration of PM2.5, the percentage of time when household PM2.5 concentrations exceeded a health-based threshold of 35 μg/m3 and child's salivary cotinine (in nanograms per millilitre). The views of the mothers from the enhanced group about their understanding of the intervention and the measures used were also analysed to assess the acceptability and utility of the intervention. Results Of the recruited 54 participants, 48 completed the study: 27 from the control group and 21 from the enhanced group. Both groups experienced reductions in PM2.5 concentrations. When testing paired samples for the enhanced group, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between visit 2 and visit 4 values for maximum PM2.5 (p=0.006) and for percentage of time over 35 μg/m3 (p=0.017), with average PM2.5 approaching significance (p=0.056). There was no significant difference for salivary cotinine. The qualitative findings showed that mothers were able to understand the data they were shown and were shocked by the values measured in their homes despite being aware of the effects of SHS exposure. They appreciated the intervention taking place in their homes as it allowed them to have personalised data. Many mothers described how they had changed their smoking behaviours in their home and in particular were motivated to protect their own children as a result of the knowledge they had gained. Conclusions Providing mothers who smoke with personalised results about the indoor air quality of their homes along with a motivational interview is feasible and has an effect on improving household air quality. Participants found the intervention understandable and acceptable. Taken overall, the results suggest that a future large-scale trial using measurements of indoor air quality as part of a complex intervention to reduce children's SHS exposure should be explored.
Energy Exchange Between Electric Vehicle Load and Wind Generating Utilities

This paper proposes a novel approach to energy exchange between electric vehicle (EV) load and wind generation utilities participating in the day-ahead energy, balancing, and regulation markets. An optimal bidding/offering strategy model is developed to mitigate wind energy and EV imbalance threats, and optimize EV charging profiles. A new strategy model is based on optimizing decision making of a wind generating company (WGenCO) in selecting the best option among the use of the balancing or regulation services, the use of the energy storage system (ESS) and the use of all of them to compensate wind power deviation. Energy imbalance is discussed using conventional systems, ESS, and EV-Wind coordination; results are compared and analyzed. Stochastic intra-hour optimization is solved by mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). Uncertainties associated with wind forecasting, energy price, and behavior of EV owners based on their driving patterns, are considered in the proposed stochastic method and validated through several case studies.
CD133: molecule of the moment

CD133 (prominin‐1) was the first in a class of novel pentaspan membrane proteins to be identified in both humans and mice, and was originally classified as a marker of primitive haematopoietic and neural stem cells. Due to the highly restricted expression of CD133 family molecules on plasma membrane protrusions of epithelial and other cell types, in association with membrane cholesterol, a role in the organization of plasma membrane topology has also recently been assigned to this family. Studies have now confirmed the utility of CD133 as a marker of haematopoietic stem cells for human allogeneic transplantation. In addition, CD133 represents a marker of tumour‐initiating cells in a number of human cancers, and therefore it may be possible to develop future therapies towards targeting cancer stem cells via this marker. The development of such therapies will be aided by a clearer understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways that regulate the behaviour of CD133‐expressing cells, and new data outlining the role of Wnt, Notch, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling in CD133+ cancer stem cell regulation are discussed within. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissociable roles of the posterior parietal and the prefrontal cortex in manipulation and monitoring processes

Numerous functional neuroimaging studies reported increased activity in the middorsolateral prefrontal cortex (MDLFC) and the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) during the performance of working memory tasks. However, the role of the PPC in working memory is not understood and, although there is strong evidence that the MDLFC is involved in the monitoring of information in working memory, it is also often stated that it is involved in the manipulation of such information. This event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study compared brain activity during the performance of working memory trials in which either monitoring or manipulation of information was required. The results show that the PPC is centrally involved in manipulation processes, whereas activation of the MDLFC is related to the monitoring of the information that is being manipulated. This study provides dissociation of activation in these two regions and, thus, succeeds in further specifying their relative contribution to working memory.
DNA and RNA from Uninfected Vertebrate Cells Contain Nucleotide Sequences Related to the Putative Transforming Gene of Avian Myelocytomatosis Virus

The avian carcinoma virus MC29 (MC29V) contains a sequence of approximately 1,500 nucleotides which may represent a gene responsible for tumorigenesis by MC29V. We present evidence that MC29V has acquired this nucleotide sequence from the DNA of its host. The host sequence which has been incorporated by MC29V is transcribed into RNA in uninfected chicken cells and thus probably encodes a cellular gene. We have prepared radioactive DNA complementary to the putative MC29V transforming gene (cDNAmc29) and have found that sequences homologous to cDNAmc29 are present in the genomes of several uninfected vertebrate species. The DNA of chicken, the natural host for MC29V, contains at least 90% of the sequences represented by cDNAmc29. DNAs from other animals show significant but decreasing amounts of complementarity to cDNAmc29 in accordance with their evolutionary divergence from chickens; the thermal stabilities of duplexes formed between cDNAmc29 and avian DNAs also reflect phylogenetic divergence. Sequences complementary to cDNAmc29 are transcribed into approximately 10 copies per cell of polyadenylated RNA in uninfected chicken fibroblasts. Thus, the vertebrate homolog of cDNAmc29 may be a gene which has been conserved throughout vertebrate evolution and which served as a progenitor for the putative transforming gene of MC29V. Recent experiments suggest that the putative transforming gene of avian erythroblastosis virus, like that of MC29V, may have arisen by incorporation of a host gene (Stehelin et al., personal communication). These findings for avian erythroblastosis virus and MC29V closely parallel previous results, suggesting a host origin for src (D. H. Spector, B. Baker, H. E. Varmus, and J. M. Bishop, Cell 13:381-386, 1978; D. H. Spector, K. Smith, T. Padgett, P. McCombe, D. Roulland-Dussoix, C. Moscovici, H. E. Varmus, and J. M. Bishop, Cell 13:371-379, 1978; D. H. Spector, H. E. Varmus, and J. M. Bishop, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75:4102-4106, 1978; D. Stehelin, H. E. Varmus, J. M. Bishop, and P. K. Vogt, Nature [London] 260:170-173, 1976), the gene responsible for tumorigenesis by avian sarcoma virus. Avian sarcoma virus, avian erythroblastosis virus, and MC29V, however, induce distinctly different spectra of tumors within their host. The putative transforming genes of these viruses share no detectable homology, although sequences homologous to all three types of putative transforming genes occur and are highly conserved in the genomes of several vertebrate species. These data suggest that evolution of oncogenic retroviruses has frequently involved a mechanism whereby incorporation and perhaps modification of different host genes provides each virus with the ability to induce its characteristic tumors.