Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The fragmentation of expanding shells – II. Thickness matters

We study analytically the development of gravitational instability in an expanding shell having finite thickness. We consider three models for the radial density profile of the shell: (i) an analytic uniform-density model, (ii) a semi-analytic model obtained by numerical solution of the hydrostatic equilibrium equation and (iii) a 3D hydrodynamic simulation. We show that all three profiles are in close agreement, and this allows us to use the first model to describe fragments in the radial direction of the shell. We then use non-linear equations describing the time-evolution of a uniform oblate spheroid to derive the growth rates of shell fragments having different sizes. This yields a dispersion relation which depends on the shell thickness, and hence on the pressure confining the shell. We compare this dispersion relation with the dispersion relation obtained using the standard thin-shell analysis, and show that, if the confining pressure is low, only large fragments are unstable. On the other hand, if the confining pressure is high, fragments smaller than predicted by the thin-shell analysis become unstable. Finally, we compare the new dispersion relation with the results of 3D hydrodynamic simulations, and show that the two are in good agreement.
FIT for purpose: enhanced applications for faecal immunochemical tests

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers. Early diagnosis has a major impact on survival, and can be achieved with screening programs. CRC screening participation with faecal immunochemical tests (FIT) detects CRC at an earlier and more treatable stage, resulting in a decrease in mortality, and a reduction in incidence through detection and subsequent removal of precursor adenomas. CRC screening, as well as the need for individuals to have ongoing surveillance colonoscopy following diagnosis of neoplasia, results in an increasing burden on colonoscopy resources. This can result in lengthy waiting times for colonoscopy, with a potential consequence being increased stage of disease as well as patient anxiety. These issues associated with FIT programs could be addressed through improving test accuracy in both sensitivity and specificity, as well as tailoring screening to the risk factors of the individual. FIT hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations in combination with clinical risk factors could be used to plan screening intervals as well as triage for diagnostic colonoscopy. Smart use for FIT could also be within symptomatic patients or in the higher risk population with a view to achieving more efficient and cost-effective use of colonoscopy. The evidences underlying these strategies are explored in this review, with a focus on enhanced applications of FIT to reduce the burden on limited colonoscopy resources.
A theoretical study on mobility and path duration estimate in manets

A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes that operate without any backbone infrastructure support. Implementation of MANETS is very useful in certain military applications and during emergency situations such as earth quakes and fire accidents. In MANETS, routing decisions are governed by the operating routing protocol. Mobility is one of the most important factors to be considered in developing such routing protocols. The effect of mobility on a network is quantified in terms of link and route duration times. Therefore, understanding mobility and its effect on path duration will definitely help in coming up with a better routing algorithm. In this thesis, we discuss the importance of mobility and its impact on a network. Also, we tried to come up with an enhanced version of the mathematical model for the path duration estimate from an existing model. One application of the path duration estimate is to select a route with maximum expiry time unlike most of the routing algorithms which choose a path based on shortest path. First, we estimate route expiry time with a single relay node between the source and the destination. With this simple scenario, we analyze how long it takes for a relay node to come out of the transmission range of the source node. Then, we generalize the analysis for h number of hops used to reach destination. Also, the effect on path duration due to parameters such as transmission range, node mobility, relative velocity, and number of hops in the route is studied. Simulations are performed in MATLAB and the significance of the proposed model is discussed with an analysis of the results obtained.
Econometric modeling of the relationship among macroeconomic variables of Thailand: Smooth transition autoregressive regression model

There is evidence of non-linear in macroeconomic variables of Thailand. To understand the behavior of this economic indicators, this paper used the smooth transition autoregressive model (STAR) that was developed by the contribution of Ter? svirta and Anderson (1992). This paper used quarterly data for the period of 1997:3 to 2012:1. The linearity test shows that almost all variables have non-linear behavior with logistic STAR (LSTAR) except in the investment growth rate. The results show that GDP growth rate have suddenly moved from negative to positive on a quarterly period and most of its observation remained in the upper regime. Moreover, inflation rate, unemployment rate, and interest rate are slow in adjustment to reducing their values, and most of them that was based on observation belonged in the lower regime. For investment growth rate, this paper used linear AR(2) model to estimate the parameter and prediction. The results showed that there is tremendous fluctuate movement in the percentile of -30% to 30%.
EVALUATING THE ORGANIZATIONAL ROI OF DIFFERENT COLLABORATIVE STRATEGIES

This paper proposes a modelling tool that evaluates the organizational ROI (return on investment) for different collaborative strategies. This decision-making tool has been developed to identify the most effective collaborative strategies for any given situation, in order to improve collaborative performance. Collaborative phenomena are classified as subjective, intersubjective, objective or interobjective for a comprehensive overview of relevant aspects. For evaluation and comparison of different collaborative strategies, the model uses performance measurement methods. The model serves as a basis for developing a collaborative philosophy.
Leadership, empowerment and trust : a case study within the context of a major retail department store.

The relationships between leadership, empowerment and trust are examined in this paper. The study examines also the relationships of these variables with outcomes. The context for the study is the staff of a large retail department store undergoing strategic change. The results highlight the substantial role that intangible tools can play in influencing organizational and employee outcomes. Implications for policy development are drawn, with particular relevance for the services sector.
Anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery : diagnositc accuracy of multidetector CT

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Exploring Socially Responsible Investment for Superannuation Funds in Australia: A Research Proposal

In Australia since 1992 all employees are required by legislation to contribute a prescribed minimum proportion of their salaries and wages to superannuation (pension) funds that are non-redeemable until retirement. The majority of these contributions are indirectly invested by superannuation funds in the Australian and international capital markets. Traditional investment theory analyses investment efficacy purely on financial return and risk characteristics. This approach implies a purely economic motive to the actions of an investor when, for a rapidly growing number of investors, this is not the only factor by which the success of an investment is judged. Increasingly investors view the socially responsible and ethical behaviour of firms and industries as an important criterion in deciding where to invest. The rapid uptake of socially responsible investment (SRI) has been highlighted by the release in 2006 by the United Nations of the Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI). It is recognised that there are several different strategies for SRI, ranging from the original negative screens of early social funds to the active shareholder engagement proposed by the UN. However, there has been very little research carried out into the current practices of SRI by Australian superannuation funds and the SRI criteria required by Australian superannuation fund members. This paper outlines a research proposal aimed at the development of a theoretical model of socially responsible investment criteria for superannuation fund members.
Blind localization of mobile terminals in urban scenarios

Locating mobile terminals in cellular radio networks offers a variety of new applications in everyday live and, moreover, is very valuable in emergency cases. We consider to tackle the localization task with help of a smart antenna at the base station. We propose a blind localization approach in multipath scenarios which needs only further information about the locations of the main scattering objects, e.g. buildings. We use the additional information from a 2-D electronic data base of the environment and combine it with simple ray-tracing elements.
NUMERICAL MODELLING OF HUMAN BODY FOR BLUETOOTH BODY-WORN APPLICATIONS

The human body has got a pivotal role in portable devices operating in Body-centric Wireless Networks (BCWNs). Electromagnetic interaction between lossy human body tissues and wearable antennas degrades the system performance. E-cient deployment of such systems necessitates thorough understanding of these efiects. Numerical analysis is a powerful tool that provides useful information of such scenarios fairly quicker than the actual measurements giving the user full control of the design environment. This paper investigates usefulness of numerical analysis based on the comparison of three difierent homogeneous models of the human body. Efiectiveness of a numerical model is evaluated in terms of its resolution, computational e-ciency, time consumption and accuracy of the results in software followed by experimental veriflcations.
Pathways out of fragility. The Case for a Research Agenda on Inclusive Political Settlements in Fragile States

Prepared with support from the UK Department for International Development, the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Carnegie Corporation. This is one part of a two-part preliminary study. It focuses on political settlements (defined below) that follow violence or episodes or imminent threatened violence, to provide an exegesis of the argument that ‘inclusive enough’ settlements matter to stability and thus development in fragile states. It is designed to help establish a research agenda that could test and refine that proposition.
Influence of the Clearance Size on Rotating Instability in an Axial Compressor Stator

In order to improve the understanding of unsteady secondary flow structures in axial turbomachines, the flow in a scaled axial compressor stator was studied. It was operated in the vicinity of the stability line and could be equipped with variable hub clearances. Results from unsteady aerodynamic and acoustic pressure measurements, high-speed Particle Image Velocimetry measurements, and turbulence resolving numerical simulations are presented. Typical characteristics of the rotating instability (RI) phenomenon were found. A parameter study varying the clearance size and the blade loading, respectively, revealed the surprising occurrence of the RI even for the stator configuration without hub clearance. This contradicts the hitherto presumption of a hub or tip clearance needed to be in place for a rotating instability to emerge
Support for vicariant origins of the New Zealand Onychophora

Aim The distribution of Onychophora across the southern continents has long been considered the result of vicariance events. However, it has recently been hypothesized that New Zealand was completely inundated during the late Oligocene (25–22 Ma) and therefore that the entire biota is the result of long‐distance dispersal. We tested this assumption using phylogenetic and molecular dating of DNA sequence data from Onychophora.
A sol–gel approach to produce highly dispersed graphene oxide–carbon nanotube hybrid reinforcement into alumina matrix

In this article, a hybrid of graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanotube (CNT) (GONT) was used as the reinforcement to prepare Al2O3–rGONT nanocomposites. Hot pressing was used to fabricate the nanocomposites, which promoted in situ GO reduction and ceramic matrix sintering at the same time. The effects of various GO/CNT ratio combinations on the structural features and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites have been investigated and toughening mechanisms have been analysed. By adopting a new sol–gel approach, in addition to the direct powder mixing, it has been found that the sol–gel process leads to an impressive grain size reduction of 62%, and the fracture toughness and flexural strength reached 6.2 MPa·m and 420 MPa (i.e. 70% and 14% improvement), respectively, benchmarked against those of pure Al2O3, which even marginally outperformed our previously optimised Al2O3 nanocomposites reinforced by the blend of graphene platelets and CNTs. The success of our new sol–gel strategy opens up new opportunities for choosing hybrid reinforcements for the fabrication of advanced ceramic nanocomposites.
ALTERNATIVE ANALYSES OF CROSSOVER DESIGNS WITH MORE THAN TWO PERIODS

Alternative Analyses of Crossover Designs with More than Two Periods Carla L. Goad Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University Dallas E. Johnson Department of Statistics, Kansas State University A crossover experiment is a special form of a repeated measures experiment. An appropriate analysis of a repeated measures experiment depends on the form of the variancecovariance matrix of the repeated measures. Certain forms of this matrix yield valid analysis of variance F -tests while other forms invalidate these tests. In a crossover experiment where analysis of variance tests are invalid, two alternative tests of a linear contrast of the parameters are proposed. In addition to these approximate t-tests, three alternative methods for testing for equal treatment effects and equal carryover effects are proposed. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate these proposed alternative test procedures for power. Confidence levels and confidence interval lengths are also examined for those procedures from which an estimate of the linear contrast can be made.
Seasonal tropical cyclone precipitation in Texas: A statistical modeling approach based on a 60 year climatology

Sixty years of tropical cyclone precipitation (TCP) in Texas has been analyzed because of its importance in extreme hydrologic events and the hydrologic budget. We developed multiple linear regression models to provide seasonal forecasts for annual TCP, TCP's contribution (percentage) to total precipitation, and the number of TCP days in Texas. The regression models are based on three or fewer predictors with model fits ranging from 0.18 to 0.43 (R2) and cross‐validation accuracy of 0.05–0.36 (R2). La Niña exhibits the most important control on TCP in Texas. It is the major driver in our models and acts to reduce the vertical shear in the Caribbean and the tropical Atlantic, thereby generating more precipitating storms in Texas. Lower maximum potential velocity, the theoretical maximum wind speed that storms can attain, in the Gulf of Mexico, and low‐level vorticity in the Atlantic hurricane main development region increased the modeled R2 by 20% or more. Both variables have negative coefficients in the TCP models. Lower maximum potential velocity and vorticity are associated with tropical cyclones with lower maximum wind speed and slower translation speed. Such weak TCs produce the majority of TCP and extreme TCP events in Texas. The quartiles of the TCs with strongest maximum wind speed and fastest translation speed are not associated with the largest mean daily precipitation based on observations in Texas. We have also shown that sea level pressure in the Gulf of Mexico, sea surface temperature in the Caribbean, and the North Atlantic Oscillation are potentially important predictors of seasonal TCP in Texas.
Structure-Dependent Electrical, Optical and Magnetic Properties of Mn-Doped BiFeO3 Thin Films Prepared by the Sol-Gel Process

The effect of Mn doping on crystal structure, electric, magnetic and optical properties of BiFeO3 thin films prepared via the sol-gel process on indium tin oxide/glass substrates was studied. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that Mn-doped BiFeO3 thin films presented single tetragonal structure with P4mm symmetry. Compared with the pure BiFeO3 film, the resistivity was found to increase while leakage current density and optical band gap decreased in low Mn content (≤7.5%) doped BiFeO3 system. An evident magnetic hysteresis loop was observed for all the thin films at room temperature and Mn-doped BiFeO3 films showed a larger saturated magnetization than pure BiFeO3 film.
Synthesis and Performance of Deca- Dodecasil 3 Rhombohedral (DDR)-Type Zeolite Membrane In CO2 Separation– A Review

CO 2 capture technologies including absorption, adsorption, and cryogenic distillation are reported. Conventional technologies for CO 2 separation from natural gas have several disadvantages including high cost, high maintenance, occupy more space and consume high energy. Thus, membrane technology is introduced to separate CO 2 due to their several advantages over conventional separation techniques. Inorganic membranes exhibit high thermal stability, chemical stability, permeability and selectivity for CO 2 and CH 4 separation as compared to other type of membranes. Zeolite membranes are potential for CO 2 separation due to their characteristics such as, well define the pore structure and molecular sieving property. Among the zeolite membranes, DDR membranes exhibit highest selectivity for CO 2 and CH 4 separation. DDR membranes are synthesized by conventional hydrothermal and secondary growth methods. These methods required very long synthesis duration (25 days) due to extremely low nucleation and crystal growth rate of DDR zeolite. In this review, synthesis and performance of DDR membrane in CO 2 separation from CH 4 reported by various researchers are discussed. Challenges and upcoming guidelines related to the synthesis DDR membrane and performance of DDR membrane also included.
Long term particle size distribution measurements at Mount Waliguan, a high-altitude site in inland China

Abstract. Particle number size distributions in size range 12–570 nm were measured continuously at Mount Waliguan, a remote mountain-top station in inland China. The station is located at the altitude of 3816 m a.s. l. , and some 600–1200 m above the surrounding area. The measurement period lasted from September 2005 to May 2007. The measurements were verified with independent CPC measurements at the same site. The average particle concentration in ambient conditions was 2030 cm−3, which is higher than the values measured at similar altitude in other regions of the world. On average, the Aitken mode contributed to roughly half of the particle number concentration. The concentrations were found to be higher during the summer than during the winter. The diurnal variation was also investigated and a clear pattern was found for the nucleation mode during all seasons, so that the nucleation mode particle concentration increased in the afternoon. The same pattern was visible in the Aitken mode during the summer, whereas the accumulation mode did not show any level of diurnal pattern during any season. Excluding the nucleation mode, the average day-time particle concentrations were not significantly higher than those measured at night-time, indicating no systematic pattern of change between planetary boundary layer conditions and free troposphere conditions. In air masses coming from east, the number concentration of particles was higher than in other air masses, which indicates that the air mass might be affected anthropogenic pollution east of the station. Also other factors, such as active new-particle formation, keep aerosol number concentrations high in the area.
On the taxonomic identity of a fungal morph used in traditional medicine in Kerala State, India

A hypogeal fungus, referred to in the local Malayalam language as nilamanga (meaning hypogeal mango) is often used by traditional healers and tribal people in Kerala State, India as a cure for an assortment of ailments. Taxonomic identity of this fungal morph has long intrigued mycologists starting from M. J. Berkeley who provisionally named it as Sclerotium stipitatum Berk. & Curr. in 1860. Its unique morphology and total lack of spores of any kind defied proper identification. Morphological examinations revealed that a nilamanga specimen that we obtained recently from Kerala was indistinguishable from Berkeley’s Sclerotium stipitatum currently preserved at Kew herbarium . Molecular phylogenetic methods unequivocally proved that the nilamanga specimen was Xylaria acuminatilongissima, a termite associated species first reported from Taiwan. The hypogeal origin of nilamanga specimens indicate that they could very well be growing on abandoned subterranean termite nests. The sterile structure can be considered as a morphologically variable, multihyphal aggregated sclerotial stage of the fungus that can remain dormant or quiescent when the environment is unfavourable.
Future design scenario for composite airframe panels

European aircraft industry demands for reduced development and operating costs, by 20% and 50% in the short and long term, respectively. Contributions to this aim are provided by the completed project POSICOSS and the running follow-up project COCOMAT, both supported by the European Commission. As an important contribution to cost reduction a decrease in structural weight can be reached by exploiting considerable reserves in primary fibre composite fuselage structures through an accurate and reliable simulation of postbuckling and collapse. The POSICOSS team developed fast procedures for postbuckling analysis of fibre composite stiffened panels, created comprehensive experimental data bases and derived design guidelines. COCOMAT builds up on the POSICOSS results and considers in addition the simulation of collapse by taking degradation into account. The main objective is a future design scenario for composite stiffened panels which allows the exploiting of considerable reserves in primary fibre composite fuselage structures. The results comprise an extended experimental data base, degradation models, improved certification and design tools as well as design guidelines. The paper deals with the main objectives of the project COCOMAT, the general status of the progress as well as DLR’s first results.