Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple Giant Liver Cysts in a Nepalese Lad

Background While evaluating a child with multicystic liver pathology, both the congenital and acquired etiologies need to be considered. While typicality of findings on abdominal imaging makes the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis relatively easy, choosing the appropriate line of management is equally crucial. Case Presentation. An 8-year-old previously healthy lad presented to the office with progressive upper abdominal fullness and pain for a year. Blood workup was normal. CT imaging made a diagnosis of multicystic giant hepatic hydatidosis. Treatment consisting of oral albendazole combined with surgical excision resulted in a fruitful outcome. To the best of our knowledge, this probably represents the first case of multiple giant hepatic hydatidosis at such a young age being reported from Nepal. Conclusion Childhood liver cysts are uncommon. Considering the endemicity, echinococcal etiology needs consideration. Surgical ablation is required for large cysts, and the mode of management is dictated by the size and location.
GPER-Deficient Rats Exhibit Lower Serum Corticosterone Level and Increased Anxiety-Like Behavior

Ample evidence suggests that estrogens have strong influences on the occurrence of stress-related mood disorders, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Through multiple approaches, we demonstrate that the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is widely distributed along the HPA axis and in brain structures critically involved in mood control. Genetic ablation of GPER in the rat resulted in significantly lower basal serum corticosterone level but enhanced ACTH release in response to acute restraint stress, especially in the female. GPER−/− rats of either sex displayed increased anxiety-like behaviors and deficits in learning and memory. Additionally, GPER deficiency led to aggravation of anxiety-like behaviors following single-prolonged stress (SPS). SPS caused significant decreases in serum corticosterone in WT but not in GPER-deficient rats. The results highlight an important role of GPER at multiple sites in regulation of the HPA axis and mood.
Refinements of Kusuoka representations on L ∞

We study Kusuoka representations of law-invariant coherent risk measures on the space of bounded random variables, which says that any law-invariant coherent risk measure is the supremum of integrals of Average-Value-at-Risk measures. We refine this representation by showing that the supremum in Kusuoka representation is attained for some probability measure in the unit interval. Namely, we prove that any law-invariant coherent risk measure on the space of bounded random variables can be written as an integral of the Average-Value-at-Risk measures on the unit interval with respect to some probability measure. This representation gives a numerically constructive way to bound any law-invariant coherent risk measure on the space of essentially bounded random variables from above and below. The results are illustrated on specific law-invariant coherent risk measures along with numerical simulations.
A new proposal for fare differentiation for the Integrated Time Ticket in the city of Rome

The purpose of this work is to assess the possibility for the Rome city council and ATAC, the company which manages Local Public Transport (LPT) in the capital, to introduce a fare differentiation for the Integrated Time-Ticket (ITT), meaning by this the definition of two distinct fares for the ticket in question, one referring to the peak time and the other to the soft off peak time. These fare schemes are very widespread in other European countries, but also in Italy this approach to the redesign of fare offers is gaining ground; in fact, even in Milan there are already monthly and annual subscriptions (facilitated for over 65s) that are valid only in specific "off peak" time slots). The theoretical concept underlying the fare discrimination is rooted in the microeconomic theory relating to the possibility for the monopolist, who knows the function of demand of the market (or markets) of his interest, to be able to offer goods and services at different prices, depending on the band of users concerned, depending on the different elasticity of demand at the price. In this study, the possible effects of the abovementioned price differentiation are quantified economically by estimating appropriate demand elasticities; in this way, it can be demonstrated, under specific assumptions, that differentiating the price of ATAC tickets can increase revenues from ticket sales and, at the same time, sell more tickets.
A Preliminary Study on the Eﬀects of Virtual and Augmented Reality on the Psychological Response of Users when Hurting Avatars Depicting Friends and Strangers

{ In this study, we investigate how users respond when hurting an avatar depicting a friend in virtual and augmented reality. We perform a preliminary study where we ask participants to drop a heavy box onto avatars depicting strangers and a friend, and measured their response time, heart-rate, and subjective feeling of guilt. We found no signi(cid:12)cant eﬀect on heart-rate and feeling of guilt, but found a signi(cid:12)cant diﬀerence in response times between avatar types in augmented reality
A method for isolation of buffalo preantral follicles

To identify an efficient method for isolation of buffalo preantral follicles, we designed a tool named comb-scrape, which consists of needles, a needle fixing and a handle. The comb-scrape method harvested significantly more preantral follicles (152.35±44.81/ovary) than cutting (32.62±14.81/ovary) and micromanipulation methods (8.95±3.44/ovary, P0.05). The average handling time for each ovary (39.05±4.27min) was less than cutting (46.43±4.15 min) and micromanipulation methods (44.55±7.82 min). Most preantral follicles isolated by the comb-scrape method were primordial follicles (41.25%) and primary follicles (38.79%), and very few were secondary follicles (19.95%). The survival rate of preantral follicles isolated using the comb-scrape method at 72 hours after in vitro culture did not differ significantly from that of cutting and micromanipulation methods (56.38% vs 48.91% and 59.34%). Cattle ovaries harvested significantly more preantral follicles than buffalo ovaries using the comb-scrape method ( 1 195.20±685.00 vs 152.35±44.81). These results indicate that comb-scrape method is suitable for isolating buffalo preantral follicles .
The bromodomain inhibitor IBET-151 attenuates vismodegib-resistant esophageal adenocarcinoma growth through reduction of GLI signaling

The Hedgehog/GLI (HH/GLI) signaling pathway plays a critical role in human oncogenesis. Unfortunately, the clinical use of HH inhibitor(s) has been associated with serious adverse effects and mutation-related drug resistance. Since the efficacy of SMO (Smoothened) and GLI inhibitors is limited in clinical trials, there remains a critical need for the HH/GLI pathway inhibitors with different mechanisms of action. Here, we show that esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) cell lines are insensitive to vismodegib (SMO inhibitor) but respond to GANT61 (GLI1 inhibitor). Furthermore, we examine the role of GLI1 in tumorigenicity of EAC and how a selective bromodomain inhibitor IBET-151 downregulates transcriptional activity of the GLI1 transcription factor in EAC. Our study demonstrates that GLI1 plays an important role in tumorigenicity of EAC and that elevated GLI1 expression in patients’ ultrasound-assisted endoscopic biopsy may predict the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) FOLFOX. Importantly, IBET-151 abrogates the growth of vismodegib-resistant EAC cells and downregulates HH/GLI by reducing the occupancy of BRD4 at the GLI1 locus. IBET-151 also attenuates tumor growth of EAC-PDXs and does so in an on-target manner as it reduces the expression of GLI1. We identify HH/GLI signaling as a novel druggable pathway in EAC as well as validate an ability of clinically relevant GLI inhibitor to attenuate the viability of vismodegib-resistant EAC cells. Therefore, we propose that selective bromodomain inhibitors, such as IBET-151, could be used as novel therapeutic agents for EAC patients harboring GLI-dependent tumors.
A Preliminary Annotated Checklist of the Amphibians and Reptiles of the Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary in Northern Cambodia: A Preliminary Annotated Checklist of the Amphibians and Reptiles of the Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary in Northern Cambodia

In addition to historical compilations (Bourret, 1941, 1942; Saint Girons, 1972), recent field surveys greatly improved the knowledge on Cambodia’s herpetofauna. These surveys mainly focussed on the Cardamom Mountains in southwestern Cambodia (Daltry and Chheang, 2000; Daltry and Traeholt, 2003; Daltry and Wüster, 2002; Grismer et al., 2007a, 2007b, 2008a, 2008b, 2010; Long et al., 2002; Neang et al., 2010, 2011; Ohler et al., 2002; Stuart and Emmett, 2006; Stuart and Platt, 2004; Swan and Daltry, 2002; Wood et al., 2010) and the uplands in northeastern and eastern Cambodia (Geissler et al., 2012; Long et al., 2000; Neang et al., A Preliminary Annotated Checklist of the Amphibians and Reptiles of the Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary in Northern Cambodia
Process supervision in Davanloo's intensive short‐term dynamic psychotherapy: Part II

In the second part of this two-part article, the author continues to present on some aspects of process supervision in the course of therapy of one patient. Vignettes from the rest of the interview presented in Part∼I, as well as from another psychotherapy session with the same patient, will be analysed to further highlight some of the technical and metapsychological knowledge required to properly conduct therapy using Dr. Davanloo's technique of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy. The set of technical interventions and metapsychological knowledge required to correct some of the therapist's problems, as outlined in the supervisory process, will be highlighted. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Species Composition in a Bottom Trawl Calibration Experiment

The species composition in a comparative trawl fishing experiment on the Scotian Shelf was analysed to determine if two ships using different gear resulted in different pictures of assemblage structure. A multiple regression technique was used with an index of biological dissimilarity as the dependent variable, and dummy variables to control day-n ig ht differences, sam pi ing stratu m and location. T he analysis showed that the dissi milarity index val ues between vessels were not significantly larger than those within vessels. Pairs of tows by the different vessels and gear at the same location, were significantly less dissimilar than pairs of tows by the same vessel in the same sampling stratum (i.e. nearby). The study shows that it is valid to compare assemblage structure on the basis of surveys by these two vessels. The results also suggest that there are spatial patterns in the demersal fish assemblages on the Scotian Shelf at a scale between the area covered by a trawl tow and the area of a stratum.
Changes in cerebral blood volume with changes in position in awake and anesthetized subjects.

UNLABELLED Changes in posture affect cerebral blood volume (CBV), and moderate head-up tilt is used as a therapeutic maneuver to reduce CBV and intracranial pressure. However, CBV is rarely measured in the clinical setting. Near-infrared spectroscopy allows real-time bedside monitoring of cerebral hemodynamics, and we have used this technique to measure changes in CBV with changes in posture in 10 normal subjects and 10 propofol-anesthetized patients. In the awake subjects, changes in CBV were correlated with the degree of table tilt. CBV decreased with 18 degrees head-up tilt and increased with 18 degrees head-down tilt (P < 0.0001, r = -0.924). In anesthetized patients, there were differences between head-up and head-down tilt. In the head-down position, CBV was also correlated with the degree of table tilt (P < 0.001, r = -0.782), whereas there was a clinically insignificant reduction in CBV in the head-up position. Near-infrared spectroscopy allows continuous, real time measurement of changes in CBV at the bedside. IMPLICATIONS Near-infrared spectroscopy, a bedside technique, has been used to measure changes in cerebral blood volume in normal subjects. We have used the same technique in anesthetized patients and have shown that, when a patient is placed in the head up position, the decrease in cerebral blood volume is attenuated, relative to normal subjects.
Study on the Similarity of Biomechanical Behavior between Gelatin and Porcine Liver

As a natural polymer, gelatin is increasingly being used as a substitute for animals or humans for the simulation and testing of surgical procedures. In the current study, the similarity verification was neglected and a 10 wt. % or 20 wt. % gelatin sample was used directly. To compare the mechanical similarities between gelatin and biological tissues, different concentrations of gelatin samples were subjected to tensile, compression, and indentation tests and compared with porcine liver tissue. The loading rate in the three tests fully considered the surgical application conditions; notably, a loading speed up to 12 mm/s was applied in the indentation testing, the tensile test was performed at a speed of 1 mm/s until fracture, and the compression tests were compressed at a rate of 0.16 mm/s and 1 mm/s. A comparison of the results shows that the mechanical behaviors of low-concentration gelatin samples involved in the study are similar to the mechanical behavior of porcine liver tissue. The results of the gelatin material were mathematically expressed by the Mooney-Rivlin model and the Prony series. The results show that the material properties of gelatin can mimic the range of mechanical characteristics of porcine liver, and gelatin can be used as a matrix to further improve the similarity between substitute materials and biological tissues.
Machine Learning in Neuroimaging: A New Approach to Understand Acupuncture for Neuroplasticity

The effects of acupuncture facilitating neural plasticity for treating diseases have been identified by clinical and experimental studies. In the last two decades, the application of neuroimaging techniques in acupuncture research provided visualized evidence for acupuncture promoting neuroplasticity. Recently, the integration of machine learning (ML) and neuroimaging techniques becomes a focus in neuroscience and brings a new and promising approach to understand the facilitation of acupuncture on neuroplasticity at the individual level. This review is aimed at providing an overview of this rapidly growing field by introducing the commonly used ML algorithms in neuroimaging studies briefly and analyzing the characteristics of the acupuncture studies based on ML and neuroimaging, so as to provide references for future research.
How Warm Was the Medieval Warm Period

Abstract A frequent conclusion based on study of individual records from the so-called Medieval Warm Period (∼1000-1300 A.D.) is that the present warmth of the 20 th century is not unusual and therefore cannot be taken as an indication of forced climate change from greenhouse gas emissions. This conclusion is not supported by published composites of Northern Hemisphere climate change, but the conclusions of such syntheses are often either ignored or challenged. In this paper, we revisit the controversy by incorporating additional time series not used in earlier hemispheric compilations. Another difference is that the present reconstruction uses records that are only 900–1000 years long, thereby, avoiding the potential problem of uncertainties introduced by using different numbers of records at different times. Despite clear evidence for Medieval warmth greater than present in some individual records, the new hemispheric composite supports the principal conclusion of earlier hemispheric reconstructions and.
ALLOMETRY IN PLEISTOCENE LAND SNAILS FROM BERMUDA: THE INFLUENCE OF SIZE UPON SHAPE

Size increase in ontogeny and phylogeny necessitates correlated modification of shape in order to preserve adequate adaptation in the expanded size range. The direction of these changes in shape can often be predicted. The allometric power function, y=bxk, ade- quately describes most size-correlated changes of proportions. A high value of k in this equa- tion limits possibilities for size increase, since continual relative enlargement of the y-dimen- sionsoon leads to unwieldy proportions. Alternately, k may decrease at larger sizes, permitting an expanded size range. Height versus width allometry is described in the dome-shaped Bermudian Pleistocene pulmonate Poecilozonites. The principle of negative correlation of size and k holds among all species studied; larger species have progressively lower k values. The extrapolation of the smallest species' mean k to the size of the largest species would produce a snail 20 times higher than wide. Sayles' specimens of P. dalli are conspecific with his P. cupula; his P. dalli is an artificial category constructed for individuals at the upper extreme of the k distribution which, due to the high k values, are smaller and higher spired than average specimens of P. cupula. Two atypical specimens of P. nelsoni grow with abnormally high k early in ontogeny. In order to reach adult widths and avoid disadvantageously high spires, k is sharply reduced during ontogeny. The principle of negative correlation of size and k holds widely in the literature of both ontogenetic and phylogenetic allometry. Examples are presented from the Brachiopoda, Crustacea, Insecta, Vertebrata and from the morphology of fluvial ripples. The principle can be used as a criterion for determining whether evolutionary changes in the k parameter are common solutions to size-imposed problems or special adaptations to particular features of the organism's mode of life.
A large scale plant survey: Efficient vouchering with identification through morphology and DNA analysis

A large-scale survey of the Central Arizona-Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research study area was conducted in which many kinds of samples were collected (e.g., plant, insect, soil). The plant samples were of a smaller size than typical herbarium accessions due to limitations in personnel, storage space, available plant materials, and time. The vouchers were identified in the field if possible. The vast majority of the rest were identified in the herbarium morphologically after the survey; less than 5% of the vouchers remained unidentified. Of these, a subset were subjected to molecular analysis using sequences of the nuclear ribosomal ITS region and to a BLAST search of sequences in GenBank to find closely related taxa. The close relatives along with the unknown specimens were subjected to maximum parsimony analysis to identify the potential phylogenetic relationships of the unknown specimens. Through this analysis nine unknown plant accessions were identified to family, tribe, genus, and species. Once this level of identification was established, some specimens were re-examined morphologically and compared with potentially related taxa in the herbarium to confirm or improve identifications. We outline an efficient method for surveying and collecting plant vouchers for a large sampling area. We also demonstrate that one can combine morphological and molecular data in the identification process to produce more complete datasets.
Molecular phylogeny of mangroves VI. Intraspecific genetic variation in mangrove species Excoecaria agallocha L. (Euphorbiaceae)

Genomic DNA from 84 individuals of Excoecaria agallocha from seven mangrove populations were analysed for random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) using 16 random 10-mer primers. Polymorphism within populations varied from 20% to 31%. At the interpopulation level, 111/149 (74%) of RAPDs were polymorphic. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of 21 individuals (3 individuals randomly selected from the 7 populations) using 30 probe-enzyme combinations revealed a high level of interpopulation polymorphism (62.2%) indicating interpopulation genetic divergence. The polymorphic RAPDs and RFLPs were pooled, and clustering was carried out based on mean similarity for individual populations. The dendrogram showed groupings of populations from the West and East Coasts of India into separate clusters, at 60% similarity level. Further, RAPD and RFLP analysis of male and female plants showed approximately the same level of variation in both sexes, and no sex-linked markers were found. These results.
Historical analysis of the development of health care facilities in Kerala State, India.

: Kerala's development experience has been distinguished by the primacy of the social sectors. Traditionally, education and health accounted for the greatest shares of the state government's expenditure. Health sector spending continued to grow even after 1980 when generally the fiscal deficit in the state budget was growing and government was looking for ways to control expenditure. But growth in the number of beds and institutions in the public sector had slowed down by the mid-1980s. From 1986-1996, growth in the private sector surpassed that in the public sector by a wide margin. Public sector spending reveals that in recent years, expansion has been limited to revenue expenditure rather than capital, and salaries at the cost of supplies. Many developments outside health, such as growing literacy, increasing household incomes and population ageing (leading to increased numbers of people with chronic afflictions), probably fueled the demand for health care already created by the increased access to health facilities. Since the government institutions could not grow in number and quality at a rate that would have satisfied this demand, health sector development in Kerala after the mid-1980s has been dominated by the private sector. Expansion in private facilities in health has been closely linked to developments in the government health sector. Public institutions play by far the dominant role in training personnel. They have also sensitized people to the need for timely health interventions and thus helped to create demand. At this point in time, the government must take the lead in quality maintenance and setting of standards. Current legislation, which has brought government health institutions under local government control, can perhaps facilitate this change by helping to improve standards in public institutions.
Detection Of Underground Voids With Surface Waves

The conventional approach to the detection of underground voids by the Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW) method is through analysis of the phase difference between two transducers. This approach requires lengthy field testing and complex data manipulation, including filtering and unwrapping of the phase function. In the frequency domain two properties are measured for each frequency, its amplitude and wrapped phase value. This study proposes a method for the detection of underground voids by analyzing the measured power spectral density, a function related to the amplitude of the frequency. The proposed method does not require complex data manipulation since the power spectral density is directly measured and testing can be completed with an oscilliscope, decreasing the time required to conduct a seismic survey.