Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of extrusion ratio and direction on extruded Au nanowires investigated using molecular dynamics simulation

The effects of the extrusion ratio (diameter of the extrusion mold inlet divided by that of its outlet) and direction on extruded Au nanowires (NWs) are studied using molecular dynamics simulations based on the embedded-atom method. The effects are investigated in terms of atomic trajectories, common neighbor analysis, flow field, system pressure, and the extruded NW length-pressing ram displacement curve. The simulation results show that for the forward extrusion process, a smaller extrusion ratio leads to a larger diameter of the extruded NW and a smoother cross-sectional profile. Extruded NWs obtained at a smaller extrusion ratio have a higher face-centered cubic fraction and a less disordered structure due to lower system pressure. The adhesion effect between extruded NWs and mold outer walls increases with increasing extrusion ratio, resulting in an uneven appearance of extruded NWs and a decrease in their length. The backward extrusion process can produce amorphous NWs from crystal NWs. The forward extrusion process can produce NWs that are longer than those produced with the backward extrusion process.
Discharge dynamics, plasma kinetics and gas flow effect in argon–acetylene discharges

We investigated capacitively coupled Ar/C2H2 RF plasmas with a 1D fluid model that couples a 13.56 MHz discharge module, a long timescale chemical module and a flow transport module. A new solution procedure was developed in order to accurately describe the coupling between the short timescale discharge dynamics and the long characteristic time processes that play a major role in the molecular growth of reactive species. The plasma was simulated for different inlet gas configurations and flowrates. We showed that for a showerhead configuration one may distinguish two situations. For short residence time the plasma was strongly electronegative in the very center of the discharge gap and dominated by large hydrocarbon positive and negative ions. In this situation the acetylene conversion, although moderate, lead to a significant molecular growth. For long residence time, although C2H2 underwent a total conversion, the products of the primary C2H2 dissociation process were consumed by surface deposition which reduced drastically the molecular growth in the short gap discharge considered here. Whatever the conditions, we confirmed the key-role of Ar* in the acetylene conversion, ionization kinetics as well as the subsequent molecular growth for neutral and charged species. We also showed that remote feed gas and showerhead configurations predicted similar results at low flowrate. At larger flowrate the two configurations presented some discrepancy. Especially H2 density was much larger for the remote feed gas configuration, which affected the overall plasma behavior. Our results highlight that realistic gas-flow models are essential for an accurate description of acetylene conversion in Ar/C2H2 plasma.
Statistical treatment of the evolution of the principal states of polarization in single-mode fibers

A simple relationship is found for the evolution of the principal states of polarization (PSPs) and their differential group delay in fiber links. A simple expression is found, using the relationship, for the probability of the differential group delay (DGD), considering the evolution of the PSPs as a Brownian motion. The theory has been verified experimentally on an optical cable composed of 12 single-mode, shifted-dispersion fibers 2.2-km long. The results show that the DGD grows as the square root of the length when the length of the fiber is far larger than the correlation length of the perturbation. The measured value of DGD can vary substantially in two fibers belonging to the same ensemble, and in the same fiber, considering two frequencies differing by more than 5 nm. >
The Assessment of Neuromuscular Performance Responses to In- Season sRPE Internal Load in Professional Rugby Union Players, during an 8-Week Period, Using the PUSH Band 2.0 Wearable Device

At an elite or professional level of field sport, competition places a significant level of physiological and mechanical stress upon the athlete, which can cause disruption to an athlete’s internal homeostasis [1]. With respect to rugby union, physiological or mechanical stress comes in the form of collision-based periods of match play in addition to bouts of high intensity running and bouts of low intensity jogging/walking [2]. In order to prepare for the physical demands which competition places upon a player, it is essential that players engage in focused and deliberate activities to improve either technical abilities or physical abilities that underpin technical abilities [3]. Professional level club rugby union typically engages in these activities 1-2 times daily with training occurring on 3-4 days in the week with consecutive days typically scheduled for no more than two days concurrently at any given point in the week [4]
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Empirical explorations of a complex society

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva. nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.
Which Workers Earn More at Productive Firms? Position Specific Skills and Individual Worker Hold-up Power

We argue that productive firms share rents with workers only in occupations where workers have individual hold-up power. We present a model of wage determination where firms produce using a novel generalization of Kremer (1993)’s O-ring production function. Workers have individual hold-up power if (i) labor is organized into distinct, differentiated positions (ii) the output of positions is individually complementary or “critical” in the production process, and (iii) skills are position-specific, i.e., skills are acquired on the job and are not transferable across positions or firms. If output losses from an unfilled position are larger at productive firms, incomplete contracts and on-the-job search incentivize productive firms to pay differentially high wages. We estimate individual worker hold-up power by occupation using the effect of worker deaths on firm profits in Danish administrative data and using a measure of within-firm, across-position task differentiation from US job posting data. High hold-up occupations exhibit both higher wage levels and higher long-run passthrough of permanent firm productivity innovations to wages, supporting the main model predictions. Accounting for heterogeneity in hold-up power across occupations has numerous implications for wage inequality: (1) greater employment of men in high hold-up occupations can account for one fifth of the Danish gender wage gap; (2) rising “superstar firms” increase wage inequality; (3) hold-up power decreases the responsiveness of wages to labor market slack. *Corresponding author: Justin Bloesch (email: jbloesch@g.harvard.edu). Bloesch thanks his advisors Gabriel ChodorowReich, Lawrence Katz, Ludwig Straub, and James Stock for guidance and support. We thank Antoine Bertheau, Adrien Bilal, John Coglianese, Harris Eppsteiner, Jason Furman, Xavier Gabaix, Andrew Garin, Ed Glaeser, Fane Groes, Omeed Maghzian, Namrata Narain, Anna Stansbury, Jacob Weber and seminar participants at Harvard University, the 2021 Search and Matching Conference, the University of Copenhagen, and the Copenhagen Business School for thoughtful discussions and comments. This research was supported by the James M. and Kathleen D. Stone PhD Scholarship in Inequality and Wealth Concentration.
Learn2Assemble with Structured Representations and Search for Robotic Architectural Construction

: Autonomous robotic assembly requires a well-orchestrated sequence of high-level actions and smooth manipulation executions. Learning to assemble complex 3D structures remains a challenging problem that requires drawing connections between target designs and building blocks, and creating valid assembly sequences considering structural stability and feasibility. To address the combinatorial complexity of the assembly tasks, we propose a multi-head attention graph representation that can be trained with reinforcement learning (RL) to encode the spatial relations and provide meaningful assembly actions. Combining structured representations with model-free RL and Monte-Carlo planning allows agents to operate with various target shapes and building block types. We design a hierarchical control framework that learns to sequence the building blocks to construct arbitrary 3D designs and ensures their feasibility, as we plan the geometric execution with the robot-in-the-loop. We demonstrate the ﬂexibility of the proposed structured representation and our algorithmic solution in a series of simulated 3D assembly tasks with robotic evaluation, which showcases our method’s ability to learn to construct stable structures with a large number of building blocks. Code and videos are available at: https://sites.google. com/view/learn2assemble
Isolation and sequencing of three RB49-like bacteriophages infecting O antigen-producing E. coli strains [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]

E. coli strains 4s, F5 and F17, whose O antigens are structurally characterized and shown to effectively shield the cell surface from bacteriophage attack, were used as the hosts to isolate novel RB49like bacteriophages. Three novel phage isolates were obtained, and their genomes were sequenced and annotated. Despite high overall identity levels of these genomic sequences, the variants of large distal tail fiber subunit, orthologous to the bacteriophage T2 long tail receptor recognition protein gp38, were unique for each phage, suggesting their role in host range determination. The annotated genomes are available via NCBI Genbank, acc. numbers MZ504876MZ504878.
Working Paper No. E2021/10 Sectoral shocks and monetary policy in the United Kingdom

In this paper, we examine the extent to which monetary policy should respond to movements in sectoral inflation rates. To do this we construct a Generalised Taylor model that takes specific account of the sectoral make-up of the consumer price index (CPI). We calibrate the model for each sector using the UK CPI microdata. We find that a policy rule that allows for different responses to inflation in different sectors outperforms a rule which just targets aggregate CPI, as does a rule that responds only to non food and energy inflation. However, we find that the optimal sectoral rule only leads to a small absolute improvement in terms of extra consumption.
Global Dynamical Structure Reconstruction from Reconstructed Dynamical Structure Subnetworks: Applications to Biochemical Reaction Networks

—In this paper we consider the problem of network reconstruction, with applications to biochemical reaction networks. In particular, we consider the problem of global network reconstruction when there are a limited number of sensors that can be used to simultaneously measure state information. We introduce dynamical structure functions as a way to formulate the network reconstruction problem and motivate their usage with an example physical system from synthetic biology. In particular, we argue that in synthetic biology research, network veriﬁcation is paramount to robust circuit operation and thus, network reconstruction is an invaluable tool. Nonetheless, we argue that existing approaches for reconstruction are hampered by limited numbers of biological sensors with high temporal resolution. In this way, we motivate the global network reconstruction problem using partial network information and prove that by performing a series of reconstruction experiments, where each experiment reconstructs a subnetwork dynamical structure function, the global dynamical structure function can be recovered in most cases. We illustrate these reconstruction techniques on a recently developed four gene biocircuit, an event detector, and show that it is capable of differentiating the temporal order of input events.
Plant succession research on disturbed sites as a tool for bioindication

This thesis focuses on the possibilities of vegetation ecological methods for engineering at disturbed sites. These sites need special planning as they either bear potential risks or the disturbances disable or at least complicate any conventional land use on the sites. The first example deals with landfill sites. Substrate conditions of the landfill cover material and the emission situation can be described via spontaneous vegetation. Based on this information the duration of the aftercare maintenance of old landfills can be estimated in an efficient way. The monitoring of the aftercare phase can be realized by vegetation ecological methods as well. Especially emission control can be done more easily and efficiently by means of spontaneous vegetation compared to classical chemicalphysical analyses. The feasibility of the methods to assess the landfill emissions was exemplified at a landfill in the Mürz valley (Styria). The second example comprises flood plain areas. Data from 10 years after a flood in the valley of the river Kamp (Lower Austria) were evaluated. Vegetation ecological methods displayed changes in the particle size composition of the substrates, changes in nutrient supply and the increasing concurrence within the vegetation. Again maintenance and after use plans could be adapted more properly and site specific using such information. The third example is a case study from the Bregenzerwald (Vorarlberg). A geological mass movement had taken place in 1999. The vegetation of a part of the affected area was assessed 5 and 13 years after the movement. The plants displayed the general substrate consistence – especially the geological underground material. Even small differences e.g. of the soil reaction were shown in detail. These results lead to exact, site specific and thereby efficient management plans. The thesis proves in all the cases the high potential of vegetation ecology as a helpful tool for engineers. Specific practical questions are presented, where these methods could help to improve engineering in an efficient and comparably cheap way. Further questions are stated to improve these applications in future.
Design of a printed spiral antenna with a dielectric superstrate using an efficient curved segment moment method with optimisation using marginal distributions

A printed spiral antenna with a dielectric superstrate is designed using an efficient curved segment moment method employing complex images, which is driven by a marginal distribution optimisation algorithm. The substrate and superstrate permittivity and thickness values are optimised for good axial ratio, which together with reasonable gain is achieved over a wide bandwidth.
Reduced Order Model Predictive Control for Parametrized Parabolic Partial Differential Equations

Model Predictive Control (MPC) is a well-established approach to solve infinite horizon optimal control problems. Since optimization over an infinite time horizon is generally infeasible, MPC determines a suboptimal feedback control by repeatedly solving finite time optimal control problems. Although MPC has been successfully used in many applications, applying MPC to large-scale systems -- arising, e.g., through discretization of partial differential equations -- requires the solution of high-dimensional optimal control problems and thus poses immense computational effort. We consider systems governed by parametrized parabolic partial differential equations and employ the reduced basis (RB) method as a low-dimensional surrogate model for the finite time optimal control problem. The reduced order optimal control serves as feedback control for the original large-scale system. We analyze the proposed RB-MPC approach by first developing a posteriori error bounds for the errors in the optimal control and associated cost functional. These bounds can be evaluated efficiently in an offline-online computational procedure and allow us to guarantee asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system using the RB-MPC approach in several practical scenarios. We also propose an adaptive strategy to choose the prediction horizon of the finite time optimal control problem. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the theoretical properties of our approach.
Design of a Synthesized Merging Unit Based on IEC 61850-9-2

To meet the requirements of smart substations for digital information, integrated functions and compact structure, the definitions of merging units in IEC 60044-8 and IEC 61850-9-1/2 were analyzed. Based on the analysis, this paper described a realization of merging units used in the electronic transformers. The hardware and software architectures of merging unit were proposed. According to the design, the merging unit realizes synchronization of sampling pulse, receiving and processing of sampled values, and data transmission. An additional function of phasor measurement was included, which makes it a synthesized device between the process level and the bay level of the digital substation. The data packets were captured and analyzed by Wireshark, corresponding with IEC 61850-9-2, which demonstrates the high flexibility and utility value of the merging unit.
Factors Influencing Radon Mitigation Behaviors Among Utah Residents

Introduction Radon (Rn) is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the U.S. and worldwide (World Health Organization, 2009). For most individuals, the greatest proportion of radon exposure occurs in the home where people spend 60–80% of their time (Cohen Hubal et al., 2000; Klepeis et al., 2001; Spalt et al., 2016). Residential radon exposure can be minimized through testing and mitigation. Appropriately, there is a growing body of research directed at understanding theorybased factors that influence radon testing behaviors of individuals (Davis et al., 2018; Duckworth et al., 2002; Rinker et al., 2014; Weinstein et al., 1990). In homes that are tested and found to have high radon levels, testing must be followed by mitigation to reduce radon levels and ultimately decrease lung cancer rates. To date, however, there is little published data on the proportion of people who mitigate and factors that influence posttesting mitigation behaviors. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (U.S. EPA) recommended action level for radon is ≥4.0 pCi/L (148 Bq/m); for homes with actionable test results, installation of a radon reduction system is recommended as the primary mitigation strategy (U.S. EPA, 2016). The few studies that have assessed radon remediation, however, suggest a relatively low percentage of people actually mitigate after receiving actionable test results. For example, Riesenfeld et al. (2007) found only 43% of Vermont residents mitigated after receiving high test results. A mass media-based radon intervention study in the Washington, DC, area found mitigation percentages ranged from 5.5–40.4% (Doyle et al., 1991). Similarly, a clinic-based intervention study in the Minneapolis, Minnesota, area found <25% of homes with actionable radon levels were mitigated within 1 year of testing (Nissen et al., 2012). Compounding the problem of overall low mitigation percentages, Riesenfeld et al. found approximately 20% of residents who mitigated chose alternative methods to reduce radon rather than installing the recommended radon reduction system. Radon reduction strategies are known to vary in effectiveness, with active ventilation or sub-slab depressurization generally being more effective than sealing cracks or using natural ventilation (Rahman & Tracy, 2009). Understanding factors that influence radon mitigation behaviors is a necessary first step to developing more effective interventions, as currently there is a paucity of information on this subject. Johnson and Luken (1987) found no significant relationship between high radon levels and participants mitigating their homes. In a later study, however, Doyle et al. (1991) found the magnitude of the reported radon level was positively associated with people taking mitigation steps. Riesenfeld et al. (2007) found that mitigation was associated with higher education, concerns high radon would adversely affect property values, and having a home <10 years old. Weinstein and Sandman (1992) found the home’s radon level and the homeowner’s global appraisal Abst ract For most individuals, the greatest proportion of
Design of robust controller based on adaptive backstepping and slide mode for flight simulator

Considering unknown nonlinearities, external disturbances and parameter perturbations existing in the flight simulator, A backstepping and slide mode controller is designed for the flight simulator. Firstly, the dynamic model of the flight simulator is proposed by test. Secondly, the backstepping controller with friction parameter update law is deduced for this dynamic model. Finally, simulation results show that the output from the system can achieve asymptotic tracking of the given position reference signal and the aberration of velocity response under the control of common PID controller is overcome.
Decentralized real-time simulation of forest machines

To develop realistic forest machine simulators is a demanding task. A useful simulator has to provide a close- to-reality simulation of the forest environment as well as the simulation of the physics of the vehicle. Customers demand a highly realistic three dimensional forestry landscape and the realistic simulation of the complex motion of the vehicle even in rough terrain in order to be able to use the simulator for operator training under close-to- reality conditions. The realistic simulation of the vehicle, especially with the driver's seat mounted on a motion platform, greatly improves the effect of immersion into the virtual reality of a simulated forest and the achievable level of education of the driver. Thus, the connection of the real control devices of forest machines to the simulation system has to be supported, i.e. the real control devices like the joysticks or the board computer system to control the crane, the aggregate etc. Beyond, the fusion of the board computer system and the simulation system is realized by means of sensors, i.e. digital and analog signals. The decentralized system structure allows several virtual reality systems to evaluate and visualize the information of the control devices and the sensors. So, while the driver is practicing, the instructor can immerse into the same virtual forest to monitor the session from his own viewpoint. In this paper, we are describing the realized structure as well as the necessary software and hardware components and application experiences.
High-power microwave semiconductor controlling devices

In the present work a symmetric distributed structure included powerful switching diodes is considered. The wave impedance transformation of the microwave tract and the input reflection factor value close to one, providing outside the band of working frequencies, allows us to expand essentially the band of working frequencies. The developed technique of calculation can be used for designing various microwave control devices.