Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
8. GEOTHERMAL STATE OF HOLE 504B: ODP LEG 111 OVERVIEW1

Hole 504B in the eastern equatorial Pacific has been the focus of five scientific drilling expeditions since it was first drilled in 1979. During these five legs, a series of temperature logs has been obtained over a time span of almost 8 yr, documenting the geothermal and hydrologic state of the oceanic crust in this region. Immediately following reentry at the onset of ODP Leg 111 operations, a high-resolution temperature probe was lowered into the borehole and a precise record of temperature vs. depth in Hole 504B was recorded down to 1300 mbsf. As was observed during previous legs, the temperature gradient in the upper 400 m was reduced, indicating that downhole flow of cool ocean waters through the casing continued, though at a diminished rate. As subhydrostatic pres­ sures in the upper basement have gradually diminished, the volume of flow has decayed from an estimated 6000-7000 L/hr in late 1979 to about 80 L/hr during Leg 111. At depths below 480 mbsf, a predominantly conductive heat transfer environment enabled the temperature gradient log to be analyzed with respect to lithology on both fine and broad scales. Anomalies in the gradient log in the cased section through the sedimentary column were found to correspond to biostratigrap hic age markers and/or sharp changes in sediment composition and texture. Broad variations in temperature gradient within the basement correlated with large-scale porosity trends. Conductive heatflow estimates depict a systematic reduction with depth, ranging from approximately 196 mW/m2 in the sediments to 120 ± 17 mW/m2 at 1300 mbsf. Possible causes for this observation were examined from several perspectives, but none was suitably convincing. A fluid instability analysis indicated the likely existence of convection cells within the borehole and substantiated the hypothesis of mixing within the borehole postulated from isotopic and chemical studies of borehole waters. However, such mixing of borehole fluids does not provide an adequate explanation for the heatflow variations, and the disparity between surficial and deep values of heat flow remains unresolved.
A New Method for Evaporation Modeling: Dynamic Evolving Neural-Fuzzy Inference System

Evaporation estimation is very essential for planning and development of water resources. The study investigates the ability of new method, dynamic evolving neural-fuzzy inference system (DENFIS), in modeling monthly pan evaporation. Monthly maximum and minimum temperatures, solar radiation, wind speed, and relative humidity data obtained from two stations located in Turkey are used as inputs to the models. The results of DENFIS method were compared with the classical adaptive neural-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) by using root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute relative error (MARE), and Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient (NS) statistics. Cross validation was applied for better comparison of the models. The results indicated that DENFIS models increased the accuracy of ANFIS models to some extent. RMSE, MARE, and NS of the ANFIS model were increased by 11.13, 11.45, and 6.83% for the Antalya station and 20.11, 12.94%, and 8.29% for the Antakya station using DENFIS.
THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, ACIDIC RAINS, ALUMINIUM CONTAINING PACKAGING ON THE GROWTH OF WHEAT

In the present work the solubility of the packaging aluminium foils was studied at acidic pH and a quite high amount of Al 3+ ions. near 2500 ppm , was found in the solution on the surface of the foil. The measurment of Al content was made by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The toxicity of the trivalent Al form is a factor reducing plant growth and limiting crop productivity. Significant difference was found in the phosphorus content, and the P translocation to the shoot was inhibited by Al. The Al content of root was one magnitude higher than in the shoot.
Discover And Analysis Of Grapevine Vein-Clearing Virus In Ampelopsis Cordata

A recent threat to the sustainability of grape production is Grapevine vein-clearing virus (GVCV), the first DNA virus discovered in grapevines. Infection with GVCV leads to vine decline, lower quality berries, and eventual death of the grapevine. Since GVCV was discovered in cultivated grapevines, research has been dedicated to investigating its range and origin. The entire genome of the first GVCV isolate from a grape cultivar ‘Chardonel’ has been deposited in GenBank and is used as a reference genome. More recently, two GVCV isolates were found in native Vitis rupestris in Missouri. In this thesis project, I applied polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to screen for GVCV in native Ampelopsis cordata, which is also in the Vitaceae family. I found GVCV in two accessions of this wild plant species. The entire genomes of the two GVCV isolates, GVCV-AMP1 and GVCV-AMP2, from A. cordata were sequenced. The GVCV-AMP1 genome is composed of double-stranded DNA, 7,749 bp long, while GVCV-AMP2 is 7,765 bp long. Genomic analysis indicated that they are new isolates with signature 9base pair inserts in open reading frame II. A survey of GVCV in seventeen A. cordata plants around the Springfield area found that five were infected with GVCV, suggesting high incidence of GVCV among these native plants. These results demonstrated that GVCV spreads among species across genera in native habitats, and yielded crucial clues on origin and epidemics of GVCV. These findings will aid in developing new strategies for the management of GVCV-associated disease.
Phytoplankton diversity of a floodplain lake of the Brahmaputra River basin of Assam, north-east India

Study of the phytoplankton communities of Ghorajan Beel, a floodplain lake of lower Assam, from two sampling stations during January-December 2010 revealed a total of 52 species with richness maximum for Chlorophyta. Phytoplankton comprised 44.5 ± 10.9% and 36.7 ± 9.6% of net plankton abundance at stations 1 and 2 respectively. Chlorophyta showed quantitative dominance; while Bacillariophyta > Cyanophyta were sub-dominant groups and Dinophyta > Euglenophyta > Chrysophyta exhibited low densities. Both richness and abundance recorded significant monthly variations, with the latter also registering significant temporal variations between the sampling stations. The phytoplankton community showed high species diversity, high evenness index and low dominance index. Various abiotic factors exerted influence on richness and abundance of phytoplankton and their constituent groups. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) with eight abiotic factors explained high cumulative variance (73.6%) of phytoplankton assemblages at station 1 while seven abiotic parameters explained 69.9% cumulative variance at station 2.
Embedded Controller Design for Mechatronics System

Many mechatronic systems have challenging control difficulties due to the high nonlinear structures and time-varying dynamic behaviors. In addition to these, there are external disturbances, which cannot be predicted and change according to uncontrolled working environments. Conventional controllers are insufficient to solve the aforementioned problems and to compensate the environmental disturbances. Therefore, adaptive controllers have been proposed as a solution to these inefficiencies of conventional controllers. Adaptive control is applied for solving the control problem of the mechatronic sun tracker that ensures the movement of the mechanism to harvest maximum energy coming from solar to the PV module surface during the sunshine duration. For this type of control problems, conventional controllers are very limited and they have a lot of deficiencies. The adaptive mechanism governed by an adaptation law is the heart of any adaptive controller. We establish the adaptation law for the plant control system using Lyapunov stability theory. This adaptation law is precise for a generic second-order system; hence, it is obviously applicable for adaptive control of other second-order systems in different realms, such as industrial production system, military, and robotics.
Modeling optical and UV polarization of AGNs

Context. One of the main challenges for polarimetric observations of active galactic nuclei (AGN) is to properly estimate the amount of parasitic light that contaminates the polarization signal. Removing this unpolarized flux is a complex task that has only been achieved in a couple of objects. Aims. In this fifth paper of the series, we present a new version of the Monte Carlo code STOKES that accounts for dilution by interstellar polarization and host starlight in radiative transfer modeling. Methods. We upgraded our code by including spectral energy distribution (SED) templates for a set of representative host galaxies. The unpolarized light emitted by those hosts alters the observer polarization while being coherently radiatively coupled to the AGN structure. We also included in our analysis tool a routine that may add, depending on the user’s objectives, an interstellar component. Results. Using a generic AGN model, we illustrate how interstellar polarization and starlight dilution impact the observed polarimetric signal of AGN. We applied our code to NGC 1068, an archetypal edge-on AGN and demonstrate that STOKES can reproduce its SED, the expected wavelength-dependent polarimetric signatures, and the observed high-angular resolution polarimetric maps. Using the flexibility of the code, we derived several intrinsic parameters such as the system inclination and the torus opening angle. Conclusions. The new version of our publicly available code now allows observers to better prepare their observations, interpret their data and simulate the three-dimensional geometry and physics of AGN in order to probe unresolved structures. Additionally, the radiative interaction between the host and the AGN can be used to probe the co-evolution of the system.
Impacts of climate change on the water regime of the Inn River basin – extracting adaptation-relevant information from climate model ensembles and impact modelling

Abstract. The Inn River basin is a highly relevant study region in terms of potential hydrological impacts of climate change and cross boundary water management tasks in the Alpine Space. Regional analyses in this catchment were performed within the EU co-funded project AdaptAlp. Objective of the study was to gain scientifically based knowledge about impacts of climate change on the water balance and runoff regime for the Inn River basin, this being fundamental for the derivation of adaptation measures. An ensemble of regional climate projections is formed by combinations of global and regional climate models on the basis of both statistical and bias-corrected dynamical downscaling procedures. Several available reference climate datasets for the study region are taken into account. As impact model, the process-oriented hydrological model WaSiM-ETH is set up. As expected, regional climate projections indicate temperature increases for the future in the study area. Projections of precipitation change are less homogenous, especially regarding winter months, though most indicate a decrease in the summer. Hydrological simulation results point towards climate induced changes in the water regime of the study region. The analysis of hydrological projections at both ends of the ensemble bandwidth is a source of adaptation relevant information regarding low-flow and high-flow conditions. According to a "drought-prone scenario", mean monthly low flow could decrease up to −40% in the time frame of 2071–2100. A "high-flow-increase-scenario" points towards an increase in mean monthly high flow in the order of +50% in the winter, whilst showing a decrease in autumn.
Hybrid WENO Schemes with Lax-Wendroff Type Time Discretization

Abstract. In this paper, we investigate the performance of a class of the hybrid weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) schemes with Lax-Wendroff time discretization procedure using different indicators for hyperbolic conservation laws. The main idea of the scheme is to use some efficient and reliable indicators to identify discontinuity of solution, then reconstruct numerical flux by WENO approximation in discontinuous regions and up-wind linear approximation in smooth regions, hence reducing computational cost but still maintaining non-oscillatory properties for problems with strong shocks. Numerical results show that the efficiency and robustness of the hybrid WENO-LW schemes.
A comparison of burnout levels of preschool teachers in terms of having integration students in their classes or not

The aim of the present study is to compare burnout levels of preschool teachers who have integration students in their classes and those who do not. The sample of the study consists of 185 preschool teachers working in Isparta city and town centers. The data of the study were collected using the Burnout Inventory developed by Maslach and Jackson (1981) and the personal information form designed by the researchers. The data were analyzed with t-Test using SPSS-20. The results of the study showed no statistically significant difference between the burnout levels of preschool teachers’ who have integration students in their classes and those who do not. Key words: Burnout, integration, preschool teachers.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MEDIA AND SOLIDIFYING AGENTS ON CALLOGENESIS AND PLANT REGENERATION FROM DIFFERENT EXPLANTS OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L) VARIETIES SUPER BASMATI AND IRRI-6

In the present work, plant tissue culture conditions were optimized for In vitro germination from dehusked seeds of two varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L), Super Basmati and IRRI-6 on MS and LS medium solidified with agar and phytagel. MS medium solidified with agar was optimum for In vitro germination of Super Basmati and LS medium containing agar was best for germination of IRRI-6. For best callus induction and proliferation from mature embryos of both varieties and leaf bases of IRRI-6, MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 2, 4-D was efficient, while leaf bases of Super Basmati required a higher concentration of 2,4-D. For efficient regeneration from callus, MS medium supplemented with NAA 1.0 mg/l with BAP 3.0 mg/l proved better for Super Basmati and for IRRI-6, MS medium containing NAA 1.0 mg/l and BAP 5.0 mg/l showed better results. Light conditions proved better for callogenesis and regeneration from mature seed explants of both the varieties in MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 2, 4- D.
Comparison of Take Off Kinematics During Loaded Countermovement Jumps in Division One Female Gymnasts and Soccer Athletes

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare takeoff kinematics of incrementally loaded countermovement jumps (CMJ) in water and land in female gymnasts and soccer athletes. Methods: 24 Division I student athletes (12 gymnastics, 12 soccer) volunteered for this study. Subjects performed CMJ on land and water at a level of the xiphoid process without an arm swing. CMJs with loads of body weight (BW), 10% BW, 20% BW, and 30% BW were performed three times per trial at each load. 15 kinematic variables related to the lower extremity were examined. Results: For environment, significant (p<0.001) segment ROM values were greater on land than in water. Segmental velocities displayed mixed results, as thigh positive (countermovement) velocities were greater in water than land, and shank positive velocities were greater on land than water. During propulsion, all segmental velocities displayed significant (p<0.001) differences that were greater on land than water. For sport, gymnasts displayed greater (p<0.001) ROM values compared to soccer, with foot ROM exhibiting the greatest difference at 22.1 ± 2.3° (mean ± SD). In the propulsive phase, gymnasts displayed 23.3 ± 3.7° greater plantarflexion than their soccer counterparts. Segmental velocities of the foot followed suit with gymnasts’ findings relating to the foot velocity were greater by 103 °/second. Physical properties of water, specifically buoyancy and drag, played a vital role in environmental differences. When comparing sport, gymnasts displayed greater foot ROM likely due to the aesthetic aspect of gymnastics compared to soccer in regards to improving an athlete’s score based on how well the gymnast can “point their toes” during competition. No significant findings were identified by the effect of load on both environment and sport. Conclusion: These results suggest the
E3: Residual Stress Neutron Diffractometer at BER II

The E3 residual stress neutron diffractometer operated at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) is designed for studies in material science and engineering applications. Recent upgrade activities have made the instrument faster and more adaptable to different types of measurement. Thus, E3 has become more attractive to a broad user community, including industry, and increased substantially its scientific output.
Defying the News: New Aesthetics of Truth in Popular Culture

Aesthetics manifest a rationally ambiguous category of meaning that encompasses both relational and representational dimensions of communication. In this paper, I argue that (1) truth claims have ontological consequences bound in the social commitments and obligations generated through expressive choices and interpellated audiences; (2) ontological implications entangle discourses of “truth” in the constitution of knowledge in ways that extend beyond rational argumentation into aesthetic experience; and (3) a reinterpretation of Kantian aesthetics offers a framework for understanding how aesthetic experiences influence the organization of relations of power.L’esthetique represente une categorie de sens qui est ambigue en ce qui a trait a sa rationalite et qui comprend des dimensions relationnelles et representationnelles de la communication. Dans cet article, je soutiens que (1) les pretentions a la verite ont des consequences ontologiques sur les obligations et les engagements sociaux qu’engendrent les choix expressifs et les publics interpelles; (2) les implications ontologiques melent les discours sur la verite et la constitution du savoir d’une maniere qui depasse l’argumentation rationnelle pour atteindre l’experience esthetique; et (3) une reinterpretation de l’esthetique kantienne offre un cadre pour mieux comprendre comment les experiences esthetiques influencent l’organisation de rapports de pouvoir.
Determination of Nutritional Value and Digestibility and Degradability of Twigs in Four Tree Species through Chemical and in Situ (Nylon Bags) Techniques

This study has been conducted in order to determine nutritional value and digestibility and degradability of twigs in four tree species including Zelkova carpinifolia, Gleditchia Caspica, Populus deltoids and Quercus castanaefolia through chemical and in situ techniques using 3 fistulated sheep in National Research Institute for Animal Science, IRAN. The experiment conducted based on Randomized Complete Block Design and obtained data were analyzed by software SAS and Neway. Chemical compounds (crude protein (CP), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Ether Extract (EE), Ash, Crude Fiber (CF), NFC(Non Fiber Carbohydrate), Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE) and organic material (OM)) and degradation (dry matter and protein) were determined. Amount of crude protein for 4 species are as follow Z. carpinifolia (11%), G. caspica (15.4%), P. deltoids (10.3%) and Q. castanaefolia (9.5%)), also amount of crude fiber in these trees are respectively 32.7, 18.6, 13.9 and 22.9%. Survey conducted on species' degradation and on amounts of dry matter and protein which disappear after 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Results of degradation in dry matter and protein showed that extent of degradation has been an uptrend over time of incubation and it follows a similar trend at all times. The most degradation of dry matter (80.6%) and protein (91.6%) are related to G. caspica and the least degradation of dry matter (36%) and protein (38.4%) are related to Q. castanaefolia. Results showed that as a replacement or a complementary for alfalfa, the four considered tree species can provide some parts of food requirements by livestock through a correct programming.
The Impact of the Financial Crisis on Investments in Innovative Firms

This paper investigates the impact of the financial crisis on investment decisions in innovative versus non-innovative firms. Firms are defined as being innovative if they have introduced a new product to the market. The empirical test is based on data for the years before and after the recent financial crisis. Probit estimations show that innovative firms are more likely to suffer from the financial crisis and to reduce their investment expenditures in general. To some extent these reductions are due to problems in the acquisition of external capital. Using difference-in-differences methods, it turns out that innovative firms realize the same reduction in growth rates in turnover, but a stronger reduction in investment growth than non-innovative firms.
On the Comparison of Some Link Functions of Binary Response Analysis Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Assumptions

Binary response analysis is modeled when the response variable is nominal and as such violates the use of the ordinary linear regression model. This paper utilizes the classical approach to fit a categorical response regression model using the logit, probit. loglog and the complementary loglog (Cloglog) link functions under symmetric and asymmetric assumptions. It is captured in past studies that we can only make comparisons between these link functions when n is large say (n > 1000), In this study we compared the link functions to investigate this claim with small values of n less than 1000. We fit the Cloglog and loglog models on 600 tuberculosis patients who may be co-infected with hypertension while the R package was initiated in simulating a binary data for fitting the logit and probit models using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) as a basis of comparison for the symmetric and asymmetric different model fitting techniques. The result of the simulated data of sample size 50 revealed that there is a difference between the two symmetric link functions with differing values of AIC with the Probit outperforming the logit link having least values of AIC which indicates that the probit link should be preferred under the symmetric assumption. While under the asymmetric link functions the loglog outperformed the cloglog with smaller values of AIC utilized on the life dataset which gives us the notion that the loglog link should be preferred under the asymmetric assumption. Furthermore table 6 also indicates that type of occupation is the only significant factor associated with hypertension in tuberculosis infected patients under study using both the cloglog and loglog link functions. On this note we recommend that patients with diabetes should be given less strenuous jobs and occupations to handle. Finally we were able to show that the link functions can be distinguished even with small values of (n < 1000) under the two assumptions.