Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feature extraction using Radon, wavelet and fourier transform

In this paper, we propose a novel descriptor for invariant pattern recognition by using the Radon transform, the wavelet transform, and the Fourier transform. The Radon transform can capture the directional features of the pattern image by projecting the pattern onto different orientation slices. The combination of the 2-D shift invariant wavelet transform with the Fourier transform can extract features that are invariant to rotation of the patterns. Standard normalization techniques are used to normalize the input pattern image so that it is translation and scale invariant. Experiments conducted in this paper show that the proposed descriptor achieves high recognition rates for different combinations of rotation angles and noise levels. The descriptor is very robust to Gaussian white noise even when the noise level is very high.
Face recognition based on 2DLDA and support vector machine

Singularity problem of LDA algorithm is overcome by Two-dimensional LDA(2DLDA), and Support Vector Machine(SVM) has the character of Structural Risk Minimization. In this paper, two methods are combined and used for face recognition. Firstly, the original images are decomposed into high-frequency and low-frequency components with the help of Wavelet Transform(WT). The high-frequency components are ignored, while the low-frequency components can be obtained. Then, the liner discriminant features are extracted by 2DLDA, and SVM is selected to perform face recognition. Experimental results based on ORL(Olivetti Research Laboratory) and Yale face database show the validity of 2DLDA+SVM for face recognition.
The secretory core protein of human hepatitis B virus is expressed on the cell surface

Human hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes acute and chronic liver disease, which can result in tumor formation. An as yet unexplained phenomenon is that virus elimination usually correlates with the development of antibodies directed against the HBeAg, a secretory HBV core gene product which can be detected in the serum of infected patients. Expression of HBeAg in a human hepatoma cell line by using recombinant vaccinia viruses revealed that the HBeAg is not only secreted from HBeAg-producing cells but also incorporated into the outer cell membrane. No membrane-expressed core gene product could be detected when the cytoplasmic core protein (HBcAg) was expressed. Immune sera from patients who developed anti-HBe antibodies efficiently recognized the membrane-bound HBeAg, suggesting that surface-expressed HBeAg can serve as a target for an antibody-mediated elimination of HBV-infected cells.
Design of a thin and ultra-wideband metamaterial absorber with optimal thickness

A thin and ultra-wideband metamaterial absorber comprising single-dielectric substrate is investigated in this paper. The proposed structure contains a ground plane and relies on the bianisotropic properties of the unit cells forming the absorbing layer. This structure is realized as an array of periodic conducting circular loops and L-shaped strips with lumped resistors. Lumped resistors are used to absorb the incident electromagnetic wave. The thickness of our proposed metamaterial absorber is close to the theoretical bound.
Kohl along history in medicine and cosmetics.

The w o r d « k o h l » is Arabic in origin. I t h a s i t s de r iva t ives as verbs , ad jec t ives a n d n o u n s . Actual ly t h e Arabic ocul i s t is ca l led « k a h a l ». Kohl b e c a m e a loan w o r d in m a n y o r ien ta l a n d occ iden ta l l anguages . T h e b lack p o w d e r w a s cal led « m s d m t » in anc i en t Egypt ian , « c t h m » or « c o h m » in Coptic a n d « s t i m m i » in Greek.
Self-Shadowing of Dynamic Scenes with Environment Maps using the GPU

In this paper we present a method for illuminating a dynamic scene with a high dynamic range environment map with real-time or interactive frame rates, taking into account self shadowing. Current techniques require static geometry (pre-computed light transport), are limited to few and small area lights or are limited in the frequency of the shadows. We facilitate importance sampling of the environment map and GPU based shadow calculation in an efﬁcient way. The shadows are calculated per pixel, so no highly tessellated models are necessary in opposition to other techniques. Our method provides a novel and highly efﬁcient way for using shadow buffers as data structure for visibility computations done entirely on the GPU. We achieve real-time frame rates for moderate sized models on current graphics hardware. Since we evaluate the light transport of the scene per frame, complex dynamically animated models can be rendered efﬁciently.
Human learning and memory.

IN TROD UC T ION . 361 ENCOD ING PROCESSES . 363 Automatic Encoding 363 Type of Processing . 364 Levels of Processing . 365 Elaboration, Distinctiveness, and Effort . 366 RE TRIEV f. ,L PROCESSES . 369 Recognition Memory . 369 Recognition Failure . 371 Recall and Recognition . 372 Context Effects in Cued Recall . 373 TAXONOM Y OF MEMOR Y . 375 Iconic Memory . 375 Auditory Memory . 375 Short-Term and Long-Term Memory . 377 Episodic and Semantic Memory 379 Picture. Face. and Word Memory. 381 State Dependent Memory . 384 MEMOR Y FOR SEN TENCES AND S TOR IES AND THE ROLE OF SCHEMA TA . 384 Sentences and Stories . 385 The Role of Schemata. 386 CONC LUDING REMAR KS . 388
Epigenetics: Connecting Environment and Genotype to Phenotype and Disease

Genetic information is encoded not only by the linear sequence of DNA, but also by epigenetic modifications of chromatin structure that include DNA methylation and covalent modifications of the proteins that bind DNA. These “epigenetic marks” alter the structure of chromatin to influence gene expression. Methylation occurs naturally on cytosine bases at CpG sequences and is involved in controlling the correct expression of genes. DNA methylation is usually associated with triggering histone deacetylation, chromatin condensation, and gene silencing. Differentially methylated cytosines give rise to distinct patterns specific for each tissue type and disease state. Such methylation-variable positions (MVPs) are not uniformly distributed throughout our genome, but are concentrated among genes that regulate transcription, growth, metabolism, differentiation, and oncogenesis. Alterations in MVP methylation status create epigenetic patterns that appear to regulate gene expression profiles during cell differentiation, growth, and development, as well as in cancer. Environmental stressors including toxins, as well as microbial and viral exposures, can change epigenetic patterns and thereby effect changes in gene activation and cell phenotype. Since DNA methylation is often retained following cell division, altered MVP patterns in tissues can accumulate over time and can lead to persistent alterations in steady-state cellular metabolism, responses to stimuli, or the retention of an abnormal phenotype, reflecting a molecular consequence of gene-environment interaction. Hence, DNA epigenetics constitutes the main and previously missing link among genetics, disease, and the environment. The challenge in oral biology will be to understand the mechanisms that modify MVPs in oral tissues and to identify those epigenetic patterns that modify disease pathogenesis or responses to therapy.
Comparison of standard large trauma craniotomy with routine craniotormy in treatment of acute subdural hematoma.

OBJECTIVE To compare the therapeutic effect and indication between standard large trauma craniotomy and routine craniotomy. METHODS There were 97 patients in the standard large trauma craniotomy group and 110 patients in the routine craniotomy group. The mortality, postoperative ICP (intracranial pressure), ratio of pupil rebound, complication and results of six month follow-up after operation were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Fifteen patients (15.6%) died in the standard large trauma craniotomy group and 30 (27.7%) in the routine craniotomy group. The postoperative mean ICP was 3.75 kPa+/-1.89 kPa in the standard large trauma craniotomy group and 5.11 kPa+/-1.57 kPa in the routine craniotomy group. The pupil rebound was found in 47 patients (61.0%) in the standard large trauma craniotomy group and in 41 patients (46.1%) in the routine craniotomy group (P<0.01). The rate of complication was lower in the standard large trauma craniotomy group, but no obvious difference in long-term therapeutic effect was found between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Standard large trauma craniotomy can attenuate brain hernia and the mortality of the patients with acute subdural hematoma. The incidence of complication can also be decreased. But the long term life quality of the patients can not be improved.
Shifting the Paradigm in Geriatric Care Management

Abstract Studies of Geriatric Care Management Programs have had mixed results at best. Little evidence exists to attest to the effectiveness of these programs in improving patient outcomes and decreasing avoidable acute care service use. In response to these data, Kaiser Permanente's Geriatric Care Management program initiated a randomized trial to test an integrated, multifaceted depression treatment model within the care management framework and its ability to detect and treat moderately and severely depressed older adults. This paper presents case studies of the geriatric care managers' practice changes associated with this intervention as well as case studies of two depressed clients, their experiences and outcomes associated with this study. Implications of this model are discussed.
A dynamic ubiquitous learning resource model with context and its effects on ubiquitous learning

ABSTRACT Most ubiquitous learning researchers use resource recommendation and retrieving based on context to provide contextualized learning resources, but it is the kind of one-way context matching. Learners always obtain fixed digital learning resources, which present all learning contents in any context. This study proposed a dynamic ubiquitous learning resource model with context. The model has context information and a flexible content structure that allows contents to be adjusted dynamically in different contexts, thus providing learners the contextualized resources that best match their contexts. In order to verify the effects of the contextualized resources, a contrast experiment was carried out in a vocational school in China. The experimental results showed that the contextualized resources could better improve learners' learning achievement and efficiency, improve their self-learning efficiency while reducing their cognitive load. Learners thought the ubiquitous learning system which provided contextualized resources was more useful.
N+1 transmission zeros in Nth-order cross-coupled filter with mixed source and load coupling (MSLC)

A new type of cross-coupled filters with mixed source and load coupling (MSLC) is presented in this study. Then, N+1 transmission zeros can be obtained in the Nth-order cross coupled geometry. An open-loop structure is further adopted to realize the MSLC in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filters. As an example, a third-order SIW cross-coupled filter with MSLC was designed, with good agreement obtained between its measured and the simulated S-parameters.
A variable step-size MPPT method applied for a partial-shadow PV system

Under partial shading conditions, the power-voltage curves of the solar arrays will produce many power operating points. The global maximum power point (GMPP) needs to be tracked to output the real maximum power to avoid to fall into local maximum power points. Although the full-range search method can trace the global maximum power point, the tracking time and accuracy of the system will be affected by the step size of the duty cycle. Therefore, the auto-scaling step-size (ASSS) method is combined with the full-range search method to track the global MPP in this paper. The tracking program starts from zero duty cycle to track, and if there is a point with power greater than the last maximum power, then uses the ASSS method to track a new MPP. Otherwise, the program continues to scan until the duty cycle comes to one. Then the duty cycle of the global maximum power point is output to complete the track. From the results of the experiment and simulation, the tracking speed of the proposed method is faster than that only with the full-range search method.
Crystal structure of a putative pyridoxine 5′‐phosphate oxidase (Rv2607) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The three‐dimensional structure of Rv2607, a putative pyridoxine 5′‐phosphate oxidase (PNPOx) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has been determined by X‐ray crystallography to 2.5 Å resolution. Rv2607 has a core domain similar to known PNPOx structures with a flavin mononucleotide (FMN) cofactor. Electron density for two FMN at the dimer interface is weak despite the bright yellow color of the protein solution and crystal. The shape and size of the putative binding pocket is markedly different from that of members of the PNPOx family, which may indicate some significant changes in the FMN binding mode of this protein relative to members of the family. Proteins 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hydrolase Ldh1p in Lipid Homeostasis

ABSTRACT Here, we report the functional characterization of the newly identified lipid droplet hydrolase Ldh1p. Recombinant Ldh1p exhibits esterase and triacylglycerol lipase activities. Mutation of the serine in the hydrolase/lipase motif GXSXG completely abolished esterase activity. Ldh1p is required for the maintenance of a steady-state level of the nonpolar and polar lipids of lipid droplets. A characteristic feature of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Δldh1 strain is the appearance of giant lipid droplets and an excessive accumulation of nonpolar lipids and phospholipids upon growth on medium containing oleic acid as a sole carbon source. Ldh1p is thought to play a role in maintaining the lipid homeostasis in yeast by regulating both phospholipid and nonpolar lipid levels.
Performance Analysis of Sense Amplifiers

This paper presents a comparative study of various types of sense amplifiers. The sense amplifier circuits to be studied are voltage mode sense amplifier (VMSA), current sense amplifier (CSA) and charge transfer sense amplifier (CTSA). Cadence Virtuoso @ Analog Design Environment using GPDK 180 nm technology have been used for schematic design and simulation purpose.Theeffect of various design parameters on different sense amplifiers has been analysed and discussed. The results obtained show that CTSA consumes least power while CSA consumes maximum power among the three topologies. Delay calculations show that CTSA is fastest among the three while VMSA runs slowest. Average power and delay have also been calculated with varying supply voltage. Delay has also been calculated with varying bitline differential voltage and capacitance. From simulation results,VMSA has been found to be most sensitive and CSA to be least sensitive.
The Use of Mobile Technologies in the Monitoring and Control of Projects

The development of projects is fundamental to the daily functioning of any organization. However, many projects do not always have the expected results. Amongst the factors that influence the performance of projects is their effective and efficient monitoring and control. The aim of this paper is to investigate the way in which the use of mobile technologies in the processes of project monitoring and control affects project performance. The results obtained indicate a positive relation between the use of mobile technologies in monitoring and control of projects and project performance, particularly in terms of working within the planned schedule.
Hyperbolic versus Parabolic Asymptotics in Kinetic Theory toward Fluid Dynamic Models

In this work we are interested in the hyperbolic limits in kinetic theory. We propose a nonstandard scaling to be understood as a sort of intermediate hyperbolic limit, which connects the (macroscopic) hyperbolic limiting behavior of the physical system with the microscopic properties usually obtained under parabolic scalings. We present our main result by means of a general kinetic frame for the intermediate hyperbolic limit which covers some well-known examples in kinetic theory (Vlasov--Poisson--Fokker--Planck systems and linear relaxation for Boltzmann-type equations in semiconductor theory, among others). We will also apply our methods to deal with the Kac approach to Boltzmann operators.
Refraction in Discrete Raytracing

Refraction is an important graphics feature for synthesizing photorealistic images. This paper presents a study on refraction rendering in volume graphics using discrete ray tracing. We describe four basic approaches for determining the relative refractive index at each sampling position, and examine their relative merits.We discuss two types of anomalies associated with some approaches and three different mechanisms for controlling sampling intervals. We apply the refraction rendering to objects with uniform as well as non-uniform optical density, and objects built upon mathematical scalar fields as well as volumetric datasets. In particular, the study shows that the normal estimation plays a critical role in synthesizing aesthetically pleasing images. The paper also includes the results of various tests, and our quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Functional Characterization of the Atypical Hsp70 Subunit of Yeast Ribosome-associated Complex*

Eukaryotic ribosomes carry a stable chaperone complex termed ribosome-associated complex consisting of the J-domain protein Zuo1 and the Hsp70 Ssz1. Zuo1 and Ssz1 together with the Hsp70 homolog Ssb1/2 form a functional triad involved in translation and early polypeptide folding processes. Strains lacking one of these components display slow growth, cold sensitivity, and defects in translational fidelity. Ssz1 diverges from canonical Hsp70s insofar that neither the ability to hydrolyze ATP nor binding to peptide substrates is essential in vivo. The exact role within the chaperone triad and whether or not Ssz1 can hydrolyze ATP has remained unclear. We now find that Ssz1 is not an ATPase in vitro, and even its ability to bind ATP is dispensable in vivo. Furthermore, Ssz1 function was independent of ribosome-associated complex formation, indicating that Ssz1 is not merely a structural scaffold for Zuo1. Finally, Ssz1 function in vivo was inactivated when both nucleotide binding and Zuo1 interaction via the C-terminal domain were disrupted in the same mutant. The two domains of this protein thus cooperate in a way that allows for severe interference in either but not in both of them.
Prevalence of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in the Kashmir Valley

Background Following the partition of India in 1947, the Kashmir Valley has been subject to continual political insecurity and ongoing conflict, the region remains highly militarised. We conducted a representative cross-sectional population-based survey of adults to estimate the prevalence and predictors of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the 10 districts of the Kashmir Valley. Methods Between October and December 2015, we interviewed 5519 out of 5600 invited participants, ≥18 years of age, randomly sampled using a probability proportional to size cluster sampling design. We estimated the prevalence of a probable psychological disorder using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25) and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ-16). Both screening instruments had been culturally adapted and translated. Data were weighted to account for the sampling design and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors for developing symptoms of psychological distress. Findings The estimated prevalence of mental distress in adults in the Kashmir Valley was 45% (95% CI 42.6 to 47.0). We identified 41% (95% CI 39.2 to 43.4) of adults with probable depression, 26% (95% CI 23.8 to 27.5) with probable anxiety and 19% (95% CI 17.5 to 21.2) with probable PTSD. The three disorders were associated with the following characteristics: being female, over 55 years of age, having had no formal education, living in a rural area and being widowed/divorced or separated. A dose–response association was found between the number of traumatic events experienced or witnessed and all three mental disorders. Interpretation The implementation of mental health awareness programmes, interventions aimed at high risk groups and addressing trauma-related symptoms from all causes are needed in the Kashmir Valley.
Nonparametric Linkage Regression I: Combined Caucasian CSGA and German Genome Scans for Asthma

In this paper we applied the nonparametric linkage (NPL) regression approach to the combined Caucasian genome scan data from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Asthma (CSGA) and German family studies to search for regions of the genome that exhibit evidence for linkage to putative asthma‐predisposing genes. The multipoint single‐locus model identified three regions of the genome with LOD scores of approximately two or greater. These regions were on 6p near D6S291 (LOD = 2.78), 2p near D2S2298 (LOD = 2.11), and 1p near D1S1597 (LOD = 1.92). Modeling multiple loci together and testing for interactions among loci yielded stronger evidence for linkage in these regions. We observed a potential epistatic interaction between 2p and 14p (p = 0.0003) and conditional LOD scores of 2.75 on 1p, 3.89 on 6p, 1.64 on 7p, and 1.64 on 15q. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aluminum-resistant Arabidopsis mutants that exhibit altered patterns of aluminum accumulation and organic acid release from roots.

Al-resistant (alr) mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana were isolated and characterized to gain a better understanding of the genetic and physiological mechanisms of Al resistance. alr mutants were identified on the basis of enhanced root growth in the presence of levels of Al that strongly inhibited root growth in wild-type seedlings. Genetic analysis of the alr mutants showed that Al resistance was semidominant, and chromosome mapping of the mutants with microsatellite and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers indicated that the mutants mapped to two sites in the Arabidopsis genome: one locus on chromosome 1 (alr-108, alr-128, alr-131, and alr-139) and another on chromosome 4 (alr-104). Al accumulation in roots of mutant seedlings was studied by staining with the fluorescent Al-indicator dye morin and quantified via inductively coupled argon plasma mass spectrometry. It was found that the alr mutants accumulated lower levels of Al in the root tips compared with wild type. The possibility that the mutants released Al-chelating organic acids was examined. The mutants that mapped together on chromosome 1 released greater amounts of citrate or malate (as well as pyruvate) compared with wild type, suggesting that Al exclusion from roots of these alr mutants results from enhanced organic acid exudation. Roots of alr-104, on the other hand, did not exhibit increased release of malate or citrate, but did alkalinize the rhizosphere to a greater extent than wild-type roots. A detailed examination of Al resistance in this mutant is described in an accompanying paper (J. Degenhardt, P.B. Larsen, S.H. Howell, L. V. Kochian [1998] Plant Physiol 117: 19-27).
A 92-GHz deterministic quadrature oscillator and N-push modulator in 120-nm SiGe BiCMOS

A voltage-controlled traveling wave oscillator is proposed for deterministic quadrature phase generation. This oscillator topology contains four traveling-wave gain stages that provide 360o phase shift around transmission line ring. The oscillator has a center frequency of 92 GHz and a tuning range of 1.3 GHz. The constructive-wave oscillator is fabricated in a 120-nm SiGe BiCMOS process and occupies a total area of 0.65 × 0.67 mm2 with a power consumption of 32mW.