Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Live attenuated swine influenza vaccine by reverse genetics

Swine influenza (SI) is an acute, highly contagious, respiratory disease of swine. The causative agent of SI infections is swine influenza virus (SIV). SIV is a type A influenza virus classified into the Orthomyxoviridae family and is an enveloped particle with a genome composed of eight negative-orientated RNA segments. The mortality rate of influenza disease in pigs is generally low but morbidity can reach up to 100%. SI infections considerably contribute to respiratory disease in post-weaning pigs, causing significant economic losses due to an increase in the number of days pigs need to reach market weight. In addition, SI infections possess significant human public health concerns. Vaccination is the primary method for the prevention of SI. Currently available vaccines against SI are a combination of two inactivated antigenically distinct SIVs with oil adjuvant. The application of these vaccines induce mainly humoral immune responses. In contrast, application of live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) mimics natural infection and induce strong, longlived cell-mediated and humoral immunity. Furthermore, LAIV induces cross-protective immunity against different subtypes of influenza A viruses. LAIVs are developed for human and equine influenza viruses but at present no LAIV is available for SIVs. The critical step in influenza virus infection is an initial interaction between virus and cell surface carbohydrates followed by receptor-mediated endocytosis and fusion of the viral and endosomal membranes. Influenza virus entry into cells is mediated by the viral surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA). HA is primary synthesized as a polypeptide in HA0 form. In order to be infectious, HA0 must be cleaved by host proteases into HA1 and HA2 subunits. Therefore, this process is crucial determinant for virus pathogenicity. Our objective was to generate a live attenuated SIVs, particularly a viruses with a modified HA cleavage site resistant to activation during natural infection but which can be activated in vitro by an exogenous protease. Using the reverse genetics technique, we generated two mutant SIVs of strain A/SW/SK/18789/02 (H1N1) containing a modified cleavage site within their HA. Mutant A/SW/SK-R345V (R345V) contained a mutation within HA segment at amino acid (AA) position 345 from Arginine (Arg) to Valine (Val) while the second mutant, A/SW/SK-R345A (R345A) encoded Alanine (Ala) instead of Arginine (Arg) at position AA345 on HA. We showed that HA cleavage in both mutants was strictly dependent on the presence of human
Approaches and Trends of Automatic Bangla Text Summarization: Challenges and Opportunities

As long as the internet user is increasing, online electronic content is growing proportionally irrespective of languages. A lot of research works on English text summarization have come to light to deal with this gigantic body of online text. Unfortunately, a few works have been accomplished for Bangla though a huge number of people are involved with this language. This article has tried to explore the trend of research work on Bangla text summarization. Fourteen approaches have been briefly expounded here by addressing the pros and cons with some scope of improvement. A comparison has also been turned based on their incorporated features and evaluation results. It is expected that this article will draw the attention of more researchers in the area of Bangla text summarization and give a crystal-clear message about the opportunities to the next generation. The integrated message about all the existing methods has been depicted here to reveal the importance of Bangla text summarization. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first review study in this ground.
Probabilistic modelling of diabetic nephropathy progression

Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) progression is stratified into several stages with different levels of proteinuria, albuminuria, and physical characteristics as observed by pathologists. These physical changes are primarily visible within a patient's glomeruli which function as filtration units for blood returning for oxygenation. As DN stage increases, it is possible to observe the thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, expansion of the mesangium, and development of nodular sclerosis. Classification of different stages of DN by pathologists is based on semi-qualitative assessments of these characteristics on an individual glomerulus basis. Being able to probabilistically infer stage membership of individual glomeruli based on a combination of easily observable and hidden image features would be an invaluable tool for furthering our understanding of the drivers of DN progression. Markov Particle filters, included in the bnlearn package in R, were used to query a Bayesian Network (BN) constructed using the structural Hill-Climbing algorithm on a set of glomerular features. These features included both traditional characteristics such as glomerular area and number of mesangial nuclei as well as more abstract features derived from Minimum Spanning Trees (MST) to quantify spatial distribution of mesangial nuclei. Our results using images from multiple institutions suggest that these abstract features exercise a variable influence on DN stage membership over the course of disease progression. Further research incorporating clinical data will give nephrologists a "white box" visual of quantitative factors present in DN patients.
Design and Implementation of Water Distillation System Using Solar Energy

An investigation of the solar distillation using a solar collector with a graduated absorbed surface has been utilized in order to improve the solar still performance. The solar collector is contained on graduated absorbing surface with 25 steps. Absorbing surface made from copper plate and dye by a thermal black pigment to increase the solar absorption. The top of the solar collector is covered by a glass with 4mm of thickness. While, the other side surfaces of the solar collector are made from the transparent plastic with 6mm of thickness. Also, Aperture area of the solar collector was 0.4526 m2. Experiments had been carried out in Baghdad (33.3˚ N latitude) during May in 2019 to investigate the performance of the still. The results appeared the maximum water production that reached up to 486 ml at the time interval between 12.30 and 1.00 pm, while the total thermal solar collector efficiency was 36%. The proposed method succeeded to reduce the TDS from 679 ppm to 39 ppm. for inlet water and outlet pureed water respectively, and the volume distilled water production was 3696 ml for the time from 7.30 am to 4.00 pm.
Heterogeneity of the bone marrow plasma cell pool (109.14)

Long-lived plasma cells (PCs) are responsible for maintaining antibody titers and are believed to populate unique survival niches in the bone marrow (BM). Current models predict that BM PCs consist chiefly of long-lived, slowly renewing cells. However, we find that more than 50% of BM PCs exhibit characteristics of recently formed PCs. These characteristics include surface expression of the canonical naïve B cell surface proteins B220 and CD19, and a 50% renewal rate of less than 3 days. Surprisingly, despite the rapid turnover rate exhibited by B220+ BM PCs, antigen-induced antibody secreting cells are found within this population for more than 100 days post-immunization. Together these data offer new insights into the cellular basis of antibody titer maintenance, and suggest that BM niches are continuously repopulated by newly generated plasma cells well after antigenic exposure.
Recent developments of industrıal enzyme production in food biotechnology

Abstract The use of enzymes in industrial applications is of a great commercial importance. The enzyme industry, which has a high market value, comprises many areas.One of them is the food industry.Enzymes have an important role in terms of properties such as taste, aroma fragrance components in foods and their ability to produce the desired flavor in food. In addition to these, it has features such as facilitating the digestion of the food, improving the quality, improving the nutritional value, facilitating production, increasing the efficiency and reducing the cost. Enzymes are found naturally in foods, as well as animal, vegetable and microbial sources and enzymes are produced.In this review, it is aimed to give information about researches and current developments related to biotechnological production of enzymes which are widely used in food industry.
Autocracy login: internet censorship and civil society in the digital age

ABSTRACT This study discusses whether the internet contributes to the rise of civil society or provides the state with a means to suppress civil society. By examining cross-sectional time-series data of 153 countries from 1995 to 2018, this study demonstrates that internet censorship is a reactive strategy used by autocracies to suppress civil society. Although rapid internet diffusion might undermine internet censorship in autocracies, since the Arab Spring, the use of censorship as a political reaction to technological diffusion and contentious politics worldwide has damaged the development of civil society. The autocratic reactive approach contributes to our understanding of information and communication technology, civil society, and authoritarianism. A more nuanced illustration of internet politics delivers a warning of technological threats to civil society.
FIRST REPORT OF DITYLENCHUS GALLAEFORMANS (TYLENCHIDA: ANGUINIDAE) INDUCING GALLS ON CLIDEMIA FENDLERI (MELASTOMATACEAE) FROM VENEZUELA [PRIMER REPORTE DE DITYLENCHUS GALLAEFORMANS (TYLENCHIDA: ANGUINIDAE) INDUCIENDO AGALLAS EN CLIDEMIA FENDLERI (MELASTOM

Ditylenchus gallaeformans was found in a tropical rainforest in the central part of Cordillera de la Costa fromVenezuela as a parasite of Clidemia fendleri (Melastomataceae) causing deformations and galls on inflorescences andabaxial surface of the leaves. Morphological, morphometrical and molecular characterization of this population isprovided. The PCR-D2-D3-28S-RFLP diagnostic profile for D. gallaeformans generated by six restriction enzymes ispresented. Clidemia fendleri being an endemic plant of Venezuela is a new host of D. gallaeformans. This finding is afirst record of this nematode in Venezuela.
Blood pressure measurement based on pulse transit time from different positioned photoplethysmography signals

To fulfill continuous blood pressure measurement, we developed a cuff-less blood pressure (BP) monitoring method which was based on the pulse transit time (PTT). We measured photoplethysmography (PPG) signals at two different positions simultaneously to solve the disadvantages of the cuff-based BP measurement, which was unsuitable for those had stiff artery issues or atrial fibrillation problems. Therefore, we replaced the inflatable cuff with two PPG pods which required just simple contact to the skin surface. With two optical pods being placed at two different positions, the PTT was calculated from the PPG waveforms. The time difference between the R-peak of an electrocardiogram (ECG) and the PPG foot point was traditionally taken as the PTT parameter for blood pressure model calculation. We replaced the calculation between the ECG and the PPG signals by detecting two PPG waveforms at the same time. The relationship between the PTT and BP (including systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)) has been investigated and shown with high correlation.
Why is it important to diagnose hemicrania continua?

Hemicrania continua (HC) is an indomethacin-responsive primary headache which belongs to the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. Although the first description of HC was 35 years ago, there are still different views regarding the clinical course, the diagnostic criteria, and the treatment. The high clinical heterogeneity of HC, missed diagnosis, and the delay to the correct diagnosis are important in patient care. Central features of HC are continuous side-locked headaches (with superimposed exacerbations) and the response to indomethacin. We are describing the case of a 29-year-old women who developed right-sided headache 3 weeks after the excision of a right-sided vestibular schwannoma. She tried different painkillers and also was started on a prophylactic treatment with oxcarbazepine, acupuncture, and physiotherapy. But nothing really helped. She was then admitted for an inpatient withdrawal program for medication overuse headache. Again the pain did not change. She has then been treated with indomethacin 50-mg tds, where after the headache improved rapidly within 3 days. This educational case presentation and review of the literature aims to consider HC as a possible differential diagnosis in chronic headache, especially when side-locked and shows that indomethacin maybe a quick therapeutic option before putting the patients on a long treatment odyssey with analgesics and other drugs.
Using Multiple Signatures to Improve Accuracy of Substorm Identification

We have developed a new procedure for combining lists of substorm onset times from multiple sources. We apply this procedure to observational data and to magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model output from 1–31 January 2005. We show that this procedure is capable of rejecting false positive identifications and filling data gaps that appear in individual lists. The resulting combined onset lists produce a waiting time distribution that is comparable to previously published results, and superposed epoch analyses of the solar wind driving conditions and magnetospheric response during the resulting onset times are also comparable to previous results. Comparison of the substorm onset list from the MHD model to that obtained from observational data reveals that the MHD model reproduces many of the characteristic features of the observed substorms, in terms of solar wind driving, magnetospheric response, and waiting time distribution. Heidke skill scores show that the MHD model has statistically significant skill in predicting substorm onset times.
Application of atomic and molecular data for plasma production and cancer therapy by heavy particle irradiation

A simulation model is developed to study the movement of secondary electrons (SEs) (which are ionized by incident heavy particle impacts) and radial dose to elucidate the biological effect of heavy particles. This model has been proposed by using recent developments in science and technology such as (i) tremendous advancements in computers, (ii) new facts discovered from measurements, and (iii) systematic arrangement of atomic and molecular data. A strong electric field is created near the trajectory of the incident particle. SEs, which are captured by this electric field, form plasma. By considering the influence of plasma on radial dose, it is expected that the radial dose distribution proposed here becomes closer to reality than conventional ones. Thermal expansion due to high values of radial doses is also discussed.
Switchable and dual-wavelength ultrafast fibre lasers with an MoTe2-based saturable absorber

ABSTRACT Based on monolayer MoTe2 film, we have proposed a mode-locked fibre laser delivering single-wavelength and dual-wavelength solitons at the telecommunication band. The saturable absorber (SA) is synthesized by coating monolayer MoTe2 film on the pinhole of fibre pigtail. The experimental results show that our soliton lasers can work at the single- and dual-wavelength states, respectively, by appropriately adjusting the polarization controller. The proposed laser can work stably at the mode-locking state for several hours, indicating that monolayer MoTe2 film is an excellent SA material for ultrafast optics.
Diagonalizable Shift and Filters for Directed Graphs Based on the Jordan-Chevalley Decomposition

Graph signal processing on directed graphs poses theoretical challenges since an eigendecomposition of filters is in general not available. Instead, Fourier analysis requires a Jordan decomposition and the frequency response is given by the Jordan normal form, whose computation is numerically unstable for large sizes. In this paper, we propose to replace a given adjacency shift A by a diagonalizable shift AD obtained via the Jordan-Chevalley decomposition. This means, as we show, that AD generates the subalgebra of all diagonalizable filters and is itself a polynomial in A (i.e., a filter). For several synthetic and real-world graphs, we show how AD adds and removes edges compared to A.
The role of cell to cell interactions and quorum sensing in formation of biofilms in drinking water bacteria

Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa in drinking water distribution systems readily colonize the pipe surfaces and form biofilms. The bacteria in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) affect water quality and hydrodynamic parameters and can pose various public health risks. Previous studies showed that the resistance of bacteria to disinfection residual and other processes and interactions occurring within in the distribution system is due to multispecies interaction and biofilm formation. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms involved in biofilm formation, interactions and aggregation by bacteria. The aim of this research was to understand the biological and biophysical interactions involved in multispecies biofilm formation and aggregation by drinking water bacterial isolates. As a first step in achieving this aim, nineteen bacteria were isolated from drinking water collected from a domestic water tap in Sheffield and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Four of the 19 isolates namely Shingobium sp. , Xenophilus sp. , Methylobacterium sp. and Rhodococcus sp. , were used for further studies. The results of biological interactions such as intergeneric growth, aggregation and production of extracellular polymeric substances and quorum sensing (QS) molecules suggests that biofilm formation is governed by production of QS molecules by Methylobacterium and this may act as a synergistic bacterium in forming a multispecies biofilm. The results of biophysical interactions such as analysis of the cell surface composition, cell surface charge and hydrophobicity show that the surface charge of Methylobacterium was less negative charge and produced more biofilms. XDLVO modelling for Methylobacterium predicts adhesion at secondary minimum suggesting reversible adhesion but they may strongly influence secondary colonization by synergistic interaction. The overall results indicate that controlling the target bacterium such as Methylobacterium by interrupting the QS mechanism is perhaps an effective strategy to control multispecies biofilm formation in DWDS.
Model-Free Energy Management System for Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids

A hybrid AC/DC microgrid combines the benefits of AC and DC power systems. It provides high efficiency and is compatible with conventional AC distribution network. This paper proposes a centralized energy management approach to perform coordinated control on a hybrid AC/DC microgrid as a single-controllable entity. The central controller relies on low-bandwidth communication channels and is aimed at achieving 1) proportional power sharing among energy storage units located in both DC and AC sides of the microgrid, 2) state-of-charge equalization of the energy storage units, 3) grid power flow control, 4) plug-and-play capability, and 5) operation in grid-connected and islanded modes through an interlinking utility interface converter. The state-of-charge equalization method guarantees uniform operation of the energy storage units during both charge and discharge modes considering typical operational transients. Finally, the proposed model-free approach is evaluated experimentally through a laboratory-scale hybrid AC/DC microgrid in different operational conditions in both grid-connected and islanded operating modes.
Seismic Evidence for Water Transportation in the Forearc off Northern Japan

The water cycle plays an essential role in arc volcanism, earthquake generation, mantle rheology, and thermal structure of subduction zones. Previous seismic studies have revealed strong structural heterogeneities in the megathrust zone in Northeast Japan and Hokkaido. However, water transportation in the forearc region remains poorly understood due to the lack of long‐term seismic observatories at the seafloor. Using high‐quality data recently recorded by the permanent ocean‐bottom‐seismometer network (S‐net) in the Pacific Ocean off Northern Japan, we study the fine three‐dimensional P wave velocity (Vp) structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Kuril and Tohoku forearc region. Our results reveal high velocities in the mantle‐wedge corner, implying a low degree of serpentinization there. We suggest that the forearc mantle in the study region is cold and anhydrous. The slab interface under the forearc area may have a low permeability, which controls the fluid flux to the mantle wedge and the overriding plate. A low‐Vp layer atop the subducting Pacific plate is interpreted as the subducted oceanic crust. Dehydration of the subducted oceanic crust occurs at depths of 80–120 km, providing a large volume of water to the overriding mantle wedge to produce arc volcanoes, and part of the water may migrate upward to the shallow area. Large megathrust earthquakes (Mw ≥ 6.0) mainly occurred around low‐Vp patches in the megathrust zone. Destruction of the low‐permeability slab interface would result in fluid flow upward, which may trigger large megathrust earthquakes and seismicity in the mantle wedge under the forearc.
Diamond nanocrystal thin films: Case study on surface texture and power spectral density properties

Analyzing diamond nanocrystal (DNC) thin film morphology produced by the HFCVD technique is the main objective of the present work. Stereometric analysis of three-dimensional surface microtextures was carried out based on data obtained through atomic force microscopy (AFM), while the ISO 25178-2:2012 standard was applied to characterize surface topography. The Abbott–Firestone curve, peak count histograms, and Cartesian graphs, which were extracted through AFM images, gave valuable statistical information. As can be seen, the most isotropic sample was the Au catalyst (etched) deposited by the hot filament chemical vapor deposition method. Moreover, by increasing the time of DNC growth from 15 min to 60 min, the surface roughness was increased. In addition, the average power spectral density was calculated and furrows were determined for all samples.
Prey occurrence in pantropical spotted dolphins, Stenella attenuata, from the eastern tropical Pacific

-Identified prey of pantropical spotted dolphins. Stenella attenuata. include 56 species offish and 36 species ofcephalopods. Species identifications were made from fish otoliths and cephalopod beaks recovered from 428 stomachs collected throughout the eastern tropical Pacific between 1989 and 1991. The most frequently found fish were lanternfish (family MyctophidaeJ at 40%. and the most frequently found cephalopods were flying squids (family OmmastrephidaeJ at 65%. The dominance of these primarily mesopelagic prey species and a significantly higher stomach fullness index for stomachs collected during the morning hours (X2=112.99, df=6, P<0.0001) suggest that pantropical spotted dolphins feed at night when many mesopelagic species migrate toward the surface. Significant differences in prey composition by season and geographic region indicate that pantropical spotted dolphins are flexible in their diet and may be opportunistic feeders. Comparison of the diets of pregnant and lactating female dolphins revealed that lactating females increase both the proportion of squid in their diet and quantity offood