Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiscale Influences on Persistent Extreme Precipitation Events in North China

This study classifies regional persistent extreme precipitation events (PEPEs) in North China into two types in accordance with variance contributions and significance of different timescale rainfall variability in boreal summer. For type 1, PEPEs are dominated by a 10–20-day periodicity, and for type 2, PEPEs are mainly influenced by a 30–60-day mode. Atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with the two types of PEPEs are characterized by a zonal wave train (the EU pattern) in the mid–high latitudes in type 1 but a meridional wave train (the EAP pattern) in East Asia in type 2. The common feature of the two types is anomalous southerly on the west edge of the West Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH), which favors anomalous moisture transport into the key region. Additional moisture source for type 2 is linked to anomalous cross-equatorial flow. Both types of PEPEs result from the combined effect of intraseasonal oscillations in both the mid–high latitudes and the tropics. The impact of ENSO on the two types of PEPEs is investigated. While a La Niña SST condition in the preceding winter favor the occurrence of PEPEs, their subsequent transition in central and eastern equatorial Pacific will determine which of the two types of PEPEs is pronounced.
Was the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake in Japan Related to Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)-CO2 Injection? Insights From Geomechanical Analysis

In a recent paper [“Groundwater anomaly related to CCS-CO2 injection and the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake in Japan” by Sano et al. (Front. Earth Sci., 2020, 8)], the authors claimed that CO2-enriched fluid may have initially migrated through permeable channels, blocking the fluid flow from the source region, increasing pore pressure in the focal region and triggering a natural earthquake where the brittle crust was already critically stressed. The proposed model is very interesting, but the authors have not shown any quantitative evaluation supporting their conclusion. Here, through geomechanics model analysis, even under extreme conditions, which overestimate the impact of the injection, the impact of the CO2 injection on the Iburi earthquake fault, whether the deep section or shallow part of the fault, is much lower than that caused by Earth tides. In addition, no convincing mechanism exists that would allow fluid channels to heal within a short period of time and block the natural fluid flow along the fault. Therefore, the occurrence of earthquakes was not related to CO2 injection. Geological storage of CO2 is expected to become an effective option for global warming countermeasures, and the assessment of its environmental impact must be carefully conducted.
Biliary Viability Assessment and Treatment Options of Biliary Injury During Normothermic Liver Perfusion—A Systematic Review

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the field of liver machine perfusion. Many large transplant centers have implemented machine perfusion strategies in their clinical routine. Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is primarily used to determine the quality of extended criteria donor (ECD) organs and for logistical reasons. The vast majority of studies, which assessed the viability of perfused grafts, focused on hepatocellular injury. However, biliary complications are still a leading cause of post-transplant morbidity and the need for re-transplantation. To evaluate the extent of biliary injury during NMP, reliable criteria that consider cholangiocellular damage are needed. In this review, different approaches to assess damage to the biliary tree and the current literature on the possible effects of NMP on the biliary system and biliary injury have been summarized. Additionally, it provides an overview of novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies that are currently being investigated. Although expectations of NMP to adequately assess biliary injury are high, scant literature is available. There are several biomarkers that can be measured in bile that have been associated with outcomes after transplantation, mainly including pH and electrolytes. However, proper validation of those and other novel markers and investigation of the pathophysiological effect of NMP on the biliary tree is still warranted.
The Impact of Prepartum Depression and Birth Experience on Postpartum Mother-Infant Bonding: A Longitudinal Path Analysis

Introduction Negative effects of impaired postpartum mother-infant-bonding on mental health of mothers, their newborn children and subsequent child development are well documented. Previous research demonstrated an association between a negative birth experience and postpartum mental health affecting postpartum mother-infant bonding. This study investigates the extent to which prepartum depression and birth experience influence the postpartum mental health of mothers and their bonding toward their newborns, and whether these influences differ according to parity and self-reported prior mental health problems. Method Three hundred and fifty-four women (18-43 years; M = 30.13, SD = 5.10) filled in the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS), Salmon's Item List (SIL) assessing the birth experience, and the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) at pre- and postpartum; they were also asked about birth complications and parity status. Results Primipara reported significantly more birth complications (p = 0.048), with path analysis confirming this result (p < 0.001). Birth complications were associated with a more negative rating of the overall birth experience (p < 0.001). Mothers with self-reported prior mental health problems had higher prepartum depression scores (p < 0.001) but did not differ in other variables from mothers without prior self-reported mental health problems. Differences in depression scores between mothers with self-reported prior mental health problems and those without vanished at postpartum assessment (p > 0.05). Path-analysis highlighted the key role of postpartum depression, which was the only significant predictor of postpartum impairment in maternal-child bonding (p < 0.001). Birth experience and prepartum depression scores exerted an indirect effect on postpartum maternal-child bonding, mediated by postpartum depression. Discussion The present study demonstrates the relevance of prepartum mental health of expectant mothers, especially of those who self-report prior mental health problems. The results support that reducing mental health problems of pregnant mothers might contribute to a more positive birth experience and potentially reduce postpartum depressive symptoms. As postpartum depression is associated with impaired parent-child bonding, such targeted interventions could promote child development. Group differences between primiparous and multiparous mothers suggest that the birth experience may be an influential factor for postpartum mental health.
Barrier Perturbation in Porcine Peyer’s Patches by Tumor Necrosis Factor is Associated With a Dysregulation of Claudins

The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been described as one of the main mediators of intestinal inflammatory diseases, affecting the composition of tight junction (TJ) proteins and leading to a disruption of the epithelial barrier. An intact intestinal barrier is mandatory, because the follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer’s patches represents the first defense line of the intestinal immune system and ensures a controlled uptake of antigens from the gut lumen. In the current study, we have analyzed the detailed effects of TNF on the follicle-associated epithelium of porcine Peyer’s patches by applying the Ussing chamber technique. Epithelial tissue specimens of Peyer’s patches and the surrounding villus epithelium were mounted into conventional Ussing chambers and incubated with TNF for 10 h. The transepithelial resistance, representing epithelial barrier function of the tissue, was recorded. A reduction of transepithelial resistance was detected after 8 h in Peyer’s patch tissue specimens, whereas the villus epithelium was not significantly affected by TNF. Subsequent molecular analysis of TJ protein expression revealed a marked decrease of claudin-1 and -4, and an increase of claudin-2. In neighboring villus epithelium, no significant changes in the expression of TJ proteins could be shown. A strong increase of TNF receptor-2 (TNFR-2) could also be detected in Peyer’s patches, in agreement with the major role of this receptor in Peyer’s patches. Our findings were in accordance with changes detected by confocal laser scanning immunofluorescence microscopy. The regulation of TNF effects via myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) was analyzed in blocking experiments. Our detailed analysis is the first to show that TNF affects the barrier function of the follicle-associated epithelium of porcine Peyer’s patches but has no effects on the villus epithelium. These findings reveal not only the basic differences of epithelial barrier function between the two structures, but also the significance of Peyer’s patches as a primary mucosal immune defense.
Transcriptome-Wide N6-Methyladenosine Methylome Alteration in the Rat Spinal Cord After Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Recent studies showed that RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays an important role in neurological diseases. We used methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-Seq) technology to generate the m6A modification map after traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI). A total of 2,609 differential m6A peaks were identified after TSCI. Our RNA sequencing results after TSCI showed 4,206 genes with significantly altered expression. Cross-link analysis of m6A sequencing results and RNA sequencing results showed that 141 hyper-methylated genes were upregulated, 53 hyper-methylated genes were downregulated, 57 hypo-methylated genes were upregulated, and 197 hypo-methylated genes were downregulated. Among these, the important inflammatory response factor Tlr4 and the important member of the neurotrophin family Ngf were both upregulated and hyper-methylated after TSCI. This study provides that in the future, the epigenetic modifications of the genes could be used as an indicator of TSCI.
Effect of Swimming on the Induction of Vitellogenin in Conger Eel (Conger myriaster)

Vitellogenin (VTG) plays a very important role in the development of oocytes. This study aims to explore the effect of swimming on the VTG synthesis of conger eel (Conger myriaster). Circulating water flow and hormone injection regimen were two factors set in the following trials: A1 (no injection, no water flow), A2 (no injection, water flow), B1 (injection, no water flow), and B2 (injection, water flow). The flow velocity of the flowing water was 0.4 m/s (12 h, 60 days). We examined VTG, estrogen receptor (Er) gene expression, and VTG content in the liver and serum on the 30th and 60th days. VTG gene expression in A1 and A2 gradually decreased and was not significantly different between the two groups. The expression of Er gene in A1 was significantly higher than that in A2. The expression of VTG gene in group B1 was significantly higher than that in group B2, whereas the expression level of Er gene in group B1 was slightly higher than that in group B1. The VTG content in the liver in group B1 reached 1,396.93 μg/L, which was significantly higher than that in group B2 (1,302.06 μg/L). Results showed that the flowing water factor can inhibit the expression of VTG and Er genes in the liver and reduce the synthesis of VTG in the liver. Stimulation of flowing water can inhibit the yolk accumulation during the ovarian development of conger eel.
Tips, Tricks, and Potential Pitfalls of CRISPR Genome Editing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The versatility of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated (Cas) genome editing makes it a popular tool for many research and biotechnology applications. Recent advancements in genome editing in eukaryotic organisms, like fungi, allow for precise manipulation of genetic information and fine-tuned control of gene expression. Here, we provide an overview of CRISPR genome editing technologies in yeast, with a particular focus on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We describe the tools and methods that have been previously developed for genome editing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and discuss tips and experimental tricks for promoting efficient, marker-free genome editing in this model organism. These include sgRNA design and expression, multiplexing genome editing, optimizing Cas9 expression, allele-specific editing in diploid cells, and understanding the impact of chromatin on genome editing. Finally, we summarize recent studies describing the potential pitfalls of using CRISPR genome targeting in yeast, including the induction of background mutations.
Stability of Q-switched 2 µm lasers

: Q-switched lasers operating at wavelengths around 2 µm have many applications including materials processing and LIDAR. However, the low gain of the quasi-three-level gain media available at 2 µm can lead to problems with pulse-to-pulse ﬂuctuations in their output, known as jitter. Here we present a methodology for characterising the level of jitter in a Q-switched laser and apply it to a Tm:YAP system. We also look at the causes of jitter and evaluate some methods of reducing it. The methodology developed here will aid in the development and characterisation of Q-switched lasers at any wavelength.
Advanced topics on motor drives for emerging mechatronic applications

Electrical drives, nowadays, are quickly spreading in various emerging mechatronic applications, such as robotics, precision motion control, servo-drives for medical applications, hybrid vehicles, industrial automation and many more. This implies stringent requirements in terms of reliability and system overall performance. Special care in design electrical machines and suitable attention in system modelling and implementing control strategy, can improve dynamic response, increase drives lifetime and achieving also costs reduction. In the first part, this doctoral dissertation deals with modelling permanent magnet synchronous motors, starting from key-concepts arriving to the description of a fundamental measures set in order to characterize the model. To this aim, a test bench has been developed as useful tool for experimental validation after the design or simulation processes, as well as for a specific support for motor characterization during control design. In this way, it is possible to prepare a detailed mathematical model, fundamental tool in studying of advanced control strategies. The test bench is totally automated in executing measure, in order to guarantee measure repeatability. In the second part, this thesis describes some electrical drive applications with permanent magnet synchronous motors (some applications are suitable also for other type of motors) which have been studied, developed and experimented during the three-year doctoral research. Some main field interested are: control of interior permanent magnet motors, automotive, power line communication applied to electrical drives, as well as civil applications of drives controlled with microprocessors.
Englishization of Dutch higher education Divergent language policies and practices

The Netherlands is one of the countries where the Englishization of higher education is most evident. The percentage of bachelor’s and master’s programmes at Dutch universities through the medium of English is among the highest in Europe. This chapter addresses the concern and public controversy generated by the preponderance of English. It illustrates how language policy encapsulates the changes in Dutch universities and the impacts these have on stakeholders and compares these with a study of students’ perceptions of EMI. The analysis contends that Englishization can only be understood in the light of the impact of neoliberalism on academia, highlighting the incongruity between the critical voices in the public controversy and the discourse of university administrators.
Hirshfeld Surface Analysis and Interaction Energy Calculations of Bis(4-chlorophenylacetate)bis(pyridine-4-carboxamide)Zinc(II)

Hirshfeld surface analysis has been widely used in crystallography in recent years to investigate intermolecular interactions and to determine the contribution of these interactions to the crystal lattice. Fingerprint plots, which are given as color plots, present quantitative results of the types of intermolecular interactions in a molecule. In this study, we have been investigated intermolecular interactions and energy frameworks pyridine 4-carboxamide complex of Zn(II) 4-chlorophenylacetate by using CrystalExplorer program. Intermolecular interactions of the complex were determined using Hirshfeld Surface analysis. The intermolecular interaction energies of the complex were calculated using CE-HF/3-21G, CE-HF/6-31G (d), CE-HF/6-31G (d,p), CE-MP2/3-21G, CE-MP2/6-31G (d), CE-MP2/6-31G (d,p), CE-B3LYP/3-21G, CE-B3LYP/6-31G (d), CE-B3LYP/6-31G (d,p), CE-DFT/3-21G, CE-DFT/6-31G (d) and CE-DFT/6-31G (d,p) energy models that involved in CrystalExplorer (CE) program. The estimation of the intermolecular interactions and energies of the complexes is very important for the classification and investigation of their application areas.
Effects of Different Light Intensities on the Growth and Accumulation of Photosynthetic Products in Panax ginseng C

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is a perennial of the Araliaceae family that originates in Northeast China and Russian Maritime Provinces. The root of P. ginseng is extensively used in traditional Asian medicines; its major bioactive components are the ginsenosides, which belong to a class of saponins. Growing public health awareness in recent years has led to the increasing demand of ginseng, owing to which its prices are soaring in Japan. However, the growth rate of P. ginseng is lower than that of other plants because P. ginseng is a shade-loving sciophyte (Lee et al., 2017) that grows only one leaf per year. In addition, the seed produces only a single trifoliate leaf on a short petiole. Therefore, to establish an efficient cultivation method and improve ginseng quality, previous studies have investigated the effects of different light qualities (Lee et al., 2006; Park et al., 2012; Park et al., 2013) and transmission rates (Jang et al., 2015; Parmenter and Littlejohn, 2000), the effect of mycorrhizal fungi (Cho et al., 2009), and gene expression and biosynthesis of bioactive components (Sathiyamoorthy et al., 2010; Yin et al., 2017). Description of ginseng’s photosynthesis curve suggests that its light saturation point ranges from 200 to 400 mmol m 2 s 1 (Woo et al., 2004; Choi et al., 2007). However, these studies investigated the ginseng’s instantaneous photosynthetic rate, and there are few systematic investigation which reports the photosynthetic rates and accumulation of photosynthetic products in one-year-old P. ginseng throughout the whole-cultivation period. Thus, we need to investigate the effects of different light intensities on the growth, photosynthetic rate, and accumulation of photosynthetic products in one-year-old P. ginseng throughout the wholecultivation period. The present study aimed to determine the effects of different light intensities on growth, photosynthetic rate, and accumulation of photosynthetic products in one-yearold P. ginseng throughout the whole-cultivation period and discuss the optimal light conditions for P. ginseng production. We investigated plant growth, morphological characteristics, photosynthetic rates, and accumulation of photosynthetic products in each organ under 70 mmol m 2 s 1 (an empirically recommended light intensity for P. ginseng growth in Japan) and 300 mmol m 2 s 1 (lying-in-the-light saturation point) photosynthetic photon flux density.
Preliminary analysis of PGRP-LC gene and structure characteristics in bumblebees

Peptidoglycan recognize protein LC (PGRP-LC) is a significant pattern recognition receptor of the insect innate immune system that can recognize peptidoglycans and activate immune signaling pathways regulating the expression and release of antimicrobial peptides against infection. We for the first time analyzed the phylogenetic tree, purification and structure of bumblebee PGRP-LC. The results showed high conservation of bumblebee PGRP-LC among the 16 bumblebee species, and further phylogenetic analysis showed that the PGRP-LC phylogeny of different subgenera ( Subterraneobombus , Megabombus , Melanobombus , Bombus ) is consistent with that of the COI gene. Additionally, the phylogeny of PGRP-LCs among Bombus , Apis and the solitary bee Megachile rotundata coincides with the sociality evolution of bees. Moreover, bumblebee PGRP-LC (Bl-PGRP-LC) shares the Drosophila PGRP-LCx and PGRP-LCa topology, retaining conserved disulfide bonds and 80% binding residues involved in the interaction between tracheal cytotoxin (TCT) and PGRP-LCx. Therefore, Bl-PGRP-LC might share some similar binding characteristics with Drosophila PGRP-LCx. In addition, Bl-PGRP-LC has shorter β5 and β1 sheets, longer β2, β3, and β4 sheets and a shallow binding groove. To determine the characteristics of Bl-PGRP-LC, high-purity PGRP-LC inclusion bodies, soluble GST-tag Bl-PGRP-LC fusion protein and soluble pure Bl-PGRP-LC were obtained in vitro. The results will be helpful for further study of the function and structure of Bl-PGRP-LC.
CASH HOLDING STRATEGY: EARNINGS QUALITY AND AUDIT COMMITTEE EXPERTISE AN ANALYSIS BASED ON THE ASYMMETRY INFORMATION PERSPECTIVE

From the perspective of agency theory, the quality of income information reflects the range of information asymmetry. Accurate earnings quality tends to minimize cash holding because investors believe that the company will get external funding easily and cheaply. Income information generated from the expert audit committee oversight process tends to be of higher quality so that it can improve the accuracy of the information. The test was conducted on a panel of random effects model data with a sample of 130 non-financial and banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange on 910 observations from 2012-2018. This study was able to prove that the earnings quality and expertise of the audit committee had a negative effect on holding cash. The study also found that audit committee expertise can improve earnings quality so that it can strengthen its relationship by holding cash.
Integrated flux concentrator improves CMOS magnetotransistors

A magnetic microsystem based on CMOS technology merged with electroplating as a post-processing step is reported. The system makes use of a lateral dualcollector magnetotransistor with suppressed-sidewallinjection (SSIMT) and a highly permeable and soft magnetic microstructure of permalloy. This structure increases the magnetic flux density in the sensitive SSIMT region. It is deposited on top of the sensor chip using a CMOS compatible electroplating technique [ 11. The system sensitivity is increased by at least one order of magnitude over the conventional SSIMT.