Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Notes on the Distribution of Burrowing Isopoda and Amphipoda in Various Soils on the Sea Bottom near Plymouth

The earliest detailed account of the nature of the sea bottom near Plymouth is that of Allen (1899), wherein analyses of the soils on the 30 fm. line are coupled with lists of the animals collected by trawl and dredge. Ford (1923) described a number of soils in shallower water, and gave a quantitative list of the bottom fauna, collected with a grab which covered an area of 0·1 sq. m. Smith (1932) described in great detail the soils of the area of shell-gravel which surrounds the Eddystone Lighthouse. By none of these workers, however, was special attention paid to the smaller burrowing Crustacea, which are often overlooked unless they are made the special object of collecting. Some species, e.g. of Bathyporeia and Ampelisca, may be very common, and certainly play an important part in the ecology of the sea-bottom. See Steven (1930) and Hunt (1925).
Customer Satisfaction and Organizational Performance of the Nigerian Banking Sub-Sector

This study examined customer satisfaction and organizational performance of the banking subsector in South-East, Nigeria. The general objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between customer satisfaction and banks performance. The study adopted survey design, with bank customers and staff as the population of the study. Questionnaire designed on five (5) point likert-scales were used to collect the respondent’s opinions and interests respectively. The study used inferential statistical techniques which comprises of kolmogrov-smirvov test and Kendalls co-efficient of con-cordance test to test the hypotheses. The result revealed that there were positive significant relationships between customer satisfaction and banks performance in all the variables tested. The study therefore, recommended that banks should increase customer satisfaction through improving their financial service quality and meeting their expectations.
A Study on Brand Personality of Coca-Cola and Pepsi A Comparative Analysis in the Indian Market

Prior researches on brand personality have shown that consumers develop relationships with brands and often anthropomorphize inanimate products. Coca-Cola and Pepsi are two leading soft-drink brands in India occupying 95% of the softdrink market. With low, almost negligible, functional benefits (read: health benefits) of soft drinks (Vartanian, Schwartz, & Brownell, 2007) and no differentiation in taste, colour or price of the two brands, marketers have to cash in on the self-expressive value of their product. This study comparatively evaluated personality perceptions of the two brands for young Indian consumers. KeywordsBrand Personality, The Cola Wars, Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Successful Brands.
Detecting and Correcting Errors in Rapid Aiming Move- ments: Effects of Movement Time, Distance, and Velocity

The complex process of detecting and correcting movement errors is crucial for motor learning. Performers who can detect and correct their own errors should be able to continue learning without extrinsic feedback provided by a teacher, coach, or clinician (Schmidt, 1987). In fact, the capability to successfully detect and correct movement errors is a milestone that, according to Adams (1971), signaled the passage from the verbal-motor stage to the motor stage. To successfully detect an error, one must accurately perceive the speed, force, distance, or duration of the movement and make judgments about the relative correctness of the action compared to a reference of the desired movement. According to closed-loop control theory, sensory feedback from the limb is compared to a reference state where mismatches indicate an error signal. The error signal is fed back to the motor program where adjustments can be made to correct the error. According to the theory, references can be auditory (Newell, 1976; Zelaznik, Shapiro, & Newell, 1978; Zelaznik & Spring, 1976), proprioceptive (Sherwood & Nishimura, 1999), or visual (Carroll & Bandura, 1982). According to schema theory (Schmidt, 1975), error detection is a function of the strength of the recognition memory, which is developed with physical practice and knowledge of results (KR). The recognition memory provides expected sensory consequences for the intended movement that are compared with response-produced feedback. Any difference between the expected sensory feedback and the response-produced feedback results in an error signal that serves as the basis for correcting the response. The movement correction generated by the error detection process can be applied during the movement if time allows, or if not, on the next practice trial. With practice, the learner becomes consciously aware of the error and can verbalize it via an error-labeling process (Newell & Boucher, 1974; Schmidt, 1975). An error-labeling schema that is also developed with practice and KR allows the performer to characterize the error in meaningful units. The accuracy of error detection and error labeling in rapid movements is usually indexed by the correlation and/or the mean absolute difference between actual and estimated movement characteristics. Such estimations are not valid for slow movements because learners nullify errors during the movement via closed-loop control (Schmidt, 1975). As Detecting and Correcting Errors in Rapid Aiming Movements: Effects of Movement Time, Distance, and Velocity
Accident Detection and Number Plate Recognition using Image Processing and Machine Learning

The purpose of this project is to detect the accident before it happens along with theextraction the number plate. Different image processing techniques along with morphological operators and Canny Edge Detection are used for image enhancements and object outline detections. With analysis of continuous frames, the relative velocity and the distance from which the leading vehicles are moving could be computed which is further helpful in accident detection and thus prevention too. Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG features) are used for feature extraction. Different machine learning classification algorithms like SVM, MLP, and XGBoost are used for classification of the object. Different standard OCR tools like Pytesseract, PyOCR, TesserOCR are used for the retrieval of the vehicle number from the extracted licence plate sub-image.
IN VITRO REGENERATION STUDIES OF BLACK TURMERIC ( 1Chungkham

Curcuma caesia in South and Southeast Asia. The most important components of turmeric are curcuminoids which chemically related to its principal ingredient of curcumin. The detailed studies using curcumin include antioxidative, anti healing and detoxifying properties and endangered the MS media supplemented with different concentrations of PGRs. Kinetin 1 and 2 mg/l and combination of BAP 1mg/l and Kinetin 1mg/l exhibited a better response.
Dynamics over Signed Networks \ast

A signed network is a network in which each link is associated with a positive or negative sign. Models for nodes interacting over such signed networks arise from various biological, social, political, and economic systems. As modifications to the conventional DeGroot dynamics for positive links, two basic types of negative interactions along negative links, namely, the opposing rule and the repelling rule, have been proposed and studied in the literature. This paper reviews a few fundamental convergence results for such dynamics over deterministic or random signed networks under a unified algebraic-graphical method. We show that a systematic tool for studying node state evolution over signed networks can be obtained utilizing generalized Perron--Frobenius theory, graph theory, and elementary algebraic recursions.
Episodic bamboo die‐off, neighbourhood interactions and tree seedling performance in a Patagonian mixed forest

Episodic mass flowering and subsequent die‐off of bamboo understories may generate rare opportunities for tree regeneration by altering consumer–seedling interactions as much as by increasing light availability to seedlings. We hypothesized that bamboo dieback interacts with canopy neighbourhood composition in creating recruitment microsites for tree seedling species with varied shade tolerance and susceptibility to herbivory. We conducted a 2‐year experiment in a Patagonian mixed forest altered by extensive, but patchy dieback of the bamboo Chusquea culeou. Newly emerged seedlings of Nothofagus alpina (more shade‐tolerant) and Nothofagus dombeyi (less shade‐tolerant) were planted in conspecific and heterospecific canopy neighbourhoods, with either a flowered (dead) or non‐flowered (live) bamboo understorey. Seedlings were placed inside and outside mesh cages to assess mortality from vertebrate or invertebrate consumers. Vertebrate exclusion increased seedling survival regardless of bamboo condition. Seedling loss to invertebrates decreased with bamboo die‐off, resulting in higher survival of N. alpina in dead than in live patches. In contrast, bamboo die‐off increased N. dombeyi mortality by wilting, which counteracted the benefits of seedling release from consumers. Bamboo die‐off increased light availability and enhanced seedling growth for both species. Nothofagus alpina seedlings were less damaged or killed by invertebrates under heterospecific canopies than under conspecifics (associational resistance), whereas N. dombeyi performance was unaffected by neighbourhood composition. Bamboo die‐off did not change seedling performance patterns observed across canopy neighbourhoods with live bamboo understories. Synthesis. Gaps created by bamboo die‐off can exert both positive and negative, species‐specific effects on the likelihood of tree seedling establishment. We conclude that infrequent understorey disturbances coupled with canopy neighbourhood effects mediated by seedling herbivores may drive gap‐phase succession within old‐growth forests.
Artificial mycorrhization does not influence the effects of iron availability on Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd accumulation in leaves of a heavy metal tolerant white poplar clone

Abstract In this study, the phytoextraction capacity of a heavy metal tolerant white poplar clone, grown in the presence of high iron availability and/or mycorrhizas was evaluated. A large amount of iron in available form was determined in initial high concentrations in leaf, which declined along time and affected Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn accumulation. Natural and artificial mycorrhization did not influence these dynamics.
Temporal Dynamics and size effects of Mistletoe (Loranthus europaeus Jacq.) Infection in an Oak Forest Der Effekt der Zeit und der Größe auf die Infektion durch die Eichenmistel (Loranthus europaeus Jacq.)

Establishing a better understanding of changes in mistletoe abundance over time could prove useful in the development of future conservation and management strategies for mistletoe-host complexes. The purpose of this study was to describe and examine how time influenced host trees sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt) Liebl. ) and the abundance dynamics of their hemiparasites yellow mistletoe (Loranthus europaeus Jacq.). The research was conducted in Podyjí National Park, Czech Republic, from 2011–2015. Each oak stem (1599) was visually checked for the presence of heSeite 120 Jan Kubíček, Zuzana Špinlerová, Radek Michalko, Tomáš Vrška, Radim Matula miparasites during the bud growth period. We investigated the temporal dynamics of L. europaeus abundance (number of L. europaeus shrubs per Q. petraea stem) and volume (total volume of L. europaeus shrubs per stem) on individual host stems using linear mixed effects models. The abundance of L. europaeus increased with larger host diameter at breast height (DBH), time and their interaction. The abundance of L. europaeus slightly increased over time on hosts with smaller DBH, but this phenomenon slowed down as host DBH increased. Mistletoe abundance started decreasing over time on hosts with large DBH. The study showed that time plays an important role in determining the distribution of mistletoes in the stand. Thanks to the inclusion of the time component, it was possible to create a model that showed the most vulnerable groups of host trees to which forest management should focus on.
Anatomy of the Beginning of the Housing Boom across U.S. Metropolitan Areas

Abstract We provide novel estimates of the location, timing, magnitude, and determinants of the start of the previous U.S. housing boom. The housing cycle cannot be interpreted as a single, national event, as different markets began to boom across a decade-long period, some of them multiple times. A fundamental factor, income of prospective buyers, can account for half of the initial jump in price growth, while expansion of purchases by underrepresented minorities cannot. The start of the boom also was financed conventionally, not by subprime mortgages. The latter's share did rise sharply over time, but only after a multiyear lag.
The Effects of Communication and Relationships in an Outsourcing Environment: The Airline Flight Departure Process

The Effects of Communication and Relationships in an Outsourcing Environment: The Airline Flight Departure Process By Tómas Ingason MLOG 06 Introduction Icelandair is a small network airline with a single hub in Keflavík, Iceland. From there it operates flights to Europe and North America, serving passengers traveling to and from Iceland, as well as passenger crossing the Atlantic. The hub is well positioned to serve this market (figure 1). Short connecting times in Keflavík, make Icelandair’s Trans-Atlantic service competitive with the shorter, more expensive non-stop Trans-Atlantic service found on the market. To minimize connecting times for Trans-Atlantic passengers, flights are scheduled to meet in groups (banks) at the hub. This creates operational inefficiencies in the air, because of low utilization of aircraft, and on the ground, because of alternating high and low utilization of hub airport assets and workforce, and contributes to overall network inefficiency. Furthermore, the network is interdependent because a delay in one flight may impact the whole following “bank” of flights. Because of the interdependency characteristic of airlines operating as networks, Icelandair, like other network airlines, must improve efficiency and quality in its airline departure process.
Capsulation and virulence in Erwinia amylovora

SUMMARY Evidence is presented that capsulation may be one virulence determinant for Erwinia amylovora, the fireblight pathogen. When 15 virulent and seven avirulent strains were grown on a medium containing asparagine as the only source of carbon and nitrogen, or yeast peptone agar, or on a sugar medium containing an inorganic source of nitrogen, capsule production and virulence were not correlated. However, if a sugar or sugar alcohol was added to the asparagine medium or to yeast peptone agar all the virulent strains produced some or many capsulated cells whereas six of the avirulent ones did not. Capsules were also produced by all the virulent strains during infection. The existence of a seventh avirulent strain which was capsulated on all media except unsupplemented asparagine agar, suggested that capsule production was not the only virulence determinant.
Catálogo sistemático dos pólens das plantas arbóreas do Brasil meridional XIV - Nyctaginaceae e Phytolaccaceae

In this part of our Catalogue, pollen grains of Nyctaginaceae and Phytolaccaceae from Santa Catarina have been examined. Both families are eurypalynous and in relation to the apertures as well as the exine structures, they present grains of different pollinictypes. The two families present pollen grains with supratectal spinules and sexine fragments on the apertures, both colpi or pores. However, pollen grains without spinules have also been founded. An identification key for the pollen grains studied of the two families is present, as well as a phylogenetic discussion of these species based on the palynological data.
Cytoarchitectonic Pattern of the Olfactory System, Forebrain and Pituitary Gland of the Indian Major Carp, Labeo Rohita

To study the organization and cytoarchitecture of the entire olfactory organ, forebrain and pituitary gland in the Indian major carp Labeo rohita, Kluver and Barrera and Aldehyde fuschsin staining techniques are used. In the olfactory system, important cell groups and nuclei identified are mitral cells, smaller sized granular cells and giant cells of nucleus terminalis. In the forebrain, important nucleus of larger sized neurons forming a cluster is located adjacent to the lateral forebrain bundle which is nucleus entopeduncularis in the telencephalon. Diencephalon is divided into preoptic area, hypothalamus, thalamus and epithalamus. In the preoptic area, both AF-positive and AF-negative neuronal groups are identified. Nucleus preopticus which is divided into preopticus pars paraventricularis and pars magnocellularis are AF-positive. In the preoptic area, nucleus of anterior commissure and nucleus preopticus periventricularis are AF-negative. On the ventrolateral side of the horizontal commissure (HC) in the preoptic area, nucleus of HC is localized. In the hypothalamus, behind the HC, tuberai area starts. In this area, nucleus hypothalamics is found on lateral side of the third ventricle. In the tuberai area near the infundibulum, nucleus lateralis tuberis is identified. In the caudal tuberal area, lateral side of the third ventricle shows nucleus recesses lateralis. Dorsal to the tuberal area, paraventricular organ is identified and nucleus inferior lobi is located on lateral side. Dorsal to the hypothalamus, thalamus shows dorsal and ventral thalamic nuclei. In the epithalamus, paired habenular ganglia are present dorsal to the thalamus. Pituitary is platybasic with short stalk and is forward in position. doi: 10.5214/ans.0972. 7531.2007. 140202
FORMATIONS OF BIOGENIC AMINES IN TURKISH STYLE SAUSAGE DURING RIPENING AND STORAGE PERIODS

Changes of biogenic amine (histamine, β-phenylethylamine, serotonin, spermine, spermidine, cadaverine, putresine, 1,7-diamino heptane, tryptamine and tyramine) concentrations and pH values of Turkish style sausages were investigated during ripening and storage. Cadaverine and β-phenylethylamine were not detected during the ripening and storage periods for all sausage types. Storage time had a significant (P<0.05) effect on the formation of all biogenic amines. Starter culture usage decreased (P<0.05) biogenic amine formation. Histamine levels were higher in sausages prepared without additives and lower in the sausages made with starter culture than the sausages made without starter culture. There was no effect of starter culture and additives on formation of tryptamine, 1,7-diamino heptane, serotonin or spermidine. Starter culture and additives affected (P<0.05) the formation histamine, putrescine and spermine. pH values of sausages sharply decreased (P< 0.05) from 5.98 to about 4.53 during 3 days of ripening. After that, pH values increased slowly and were nearly constant during the storage period.
Effect of defoliation on fructan pattern and fructan metabolizing enzymes in young chicory plants (Cichorium intybus)

Witloof chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum cv. Flash) was sown in acid-washed vermiculite in a controlled growth chamber. After 1 month of growth, one half of the chicory plants were defoliated whereas the intact chicory plants remained as a control. Twenty-four hours after defoliation, a very sharp decrease in hexose, sucrose, and total fructan concentration was observed in the roots. This coincided with a strong decrease in sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyl transferase (1-SST ; EC 2.4.1.99) activity and a strong increase in fructan 1-exohydrolase (1-FEH; EC 3.2.1.80) activity. After day 5, 1-SST activity increased and 1-FEH activity decreased. However, from day 5 to 15, both the activities of 1-SST and acid invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) remained significantly lower than in the control plants. From 10 days after defoliation, fructan synthesis resumed and hexose and sucrose concentrations increased. Up to now, 1-FEH activity was believed to occur only in mature tissues (end of the growing season, storage, forcing, or sprouting). Therefore, the rather unexpected finding that 1-FEH can also be induced in very young chicory roots after defoliation suggests that 1-FEH can be considered a 'survival' enzyme that can be induced at any physiological stage when energy demands increase.
Digitization of Documented Ecg Signals using Image Processing

In order to implement the heart disease prediction algorithms, the scanned ECG images need to be digitized. The ECG image digitization from ECG images deals with converting the ECG images in to digital format which can be processed by heart disease prediction algorithms. To present the Heart disease prediction algorithms, the digital signals can be directly applied. In this paper we have presented an effective ECG digitization technique using Dijikstraw’s shortest path algorithm. The scanned ECG images are oversampled 8 times. Then ECG curve is traced using Dijikstraw’s shortest path algorithm. The shortest path computed represents the scanned ECG signal in digitized form which can be directly used for heart disease prediction. The proposed method gives the accurate digitization by reducing the complications of the digitization process
178 Targeting “Beta lactamase-C” in development of novel anti-tuberculosis therapeutics

Tuberculosis is a common, and in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various strains of Mycobacterium, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (Kumar et al., 2007) In addition, co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV (TB/HIV), especially in Africa, and multidrug resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in all regions, (WHO, 2010) makes it important to develop novel therapeutics against this bacterium. Penicillin like β-Lactam antibiotics are among the most clinically prescribed drugs for anti-bacterial therapeutics. The general mechanism of action involved the inhibition of enzyme d,d-transpeptidases, which takes part in the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall (Heesemann, 1993). A major strategy of bacterial resistance to β-lactams is the production of β-lactamases that catalyze the hydrolysis of β-lactams, leading to the inactivation of the antibiotics. β-Lactams have not been used in clinical practice to treat TB infections, because an active penicillinase was reported in M. tuberculosis (Lessel, 1996). BlaC is a class A β-lactamase that contains a nucleophilic serine residue (Ser70) and shares sequence homology with the penicillin-binding protein domain of the ancestral d,d-transpeptidases. Recent studies including our lab show that β-lactam drugs like Clavulanate, Carbapenem, and Meropenem are used primarily against this type of resistant bacteria (Hugonnet et al., 2009). β-lactamase induces the same acetylating reaction with all of these drugs but cannot induce deacetylation. As a result, those drugs remain attached with β-lactamase even after the distortion of their β-lactam ring. At this time, secondary treatment has been done by applying previously used potent penicillin like β-lactam drugs with this primarily treated β-lactamase. In current study, we conducted kinetic and mass spectrometric analysis of different BlaC inhibitors, like NXL104 (Xu et al., 2012) and showed that how they quantitatively inactivates BlaC by forming a carbamyl linkage with the enzyme. In addition, we determined the three-dimensional structures of the different reactive forms of these drugs for better understanding the undergoing mechanisms involved in this inhibition process. Based on our understanding, we are trying to develop novel small molecules with better inhibitory process.