Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PLANT REGENERATION FROM SUSPENSION CULTURES OF IRIS PUMILA L.

A protocol for efficient plant regeneration of Iris pumila L. was developed via somatic embryogenesis and/or organogenesis from suspension cultures. Induction of embryogenic calli was achieved by leaf-base culture of in vitro grown plants on solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3 % sucrose and (in mgL): inositol 100, pantothenic acid 10, nicotinic acid 5, vitamin B1 2, vitamin B6 1, casein hydrolysate 250, proline 250, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin (1.0 mgL, each). Cell suspensions were established and maintained in MS liquid medium with the same content of 2,4-D and kinetin as used for induction and proliferation of embryogenic calli. After three subcultures stable suspension cultures were successfully established and maintained by subculturing every 3 weeks. The suspension cultures were initially composed of single cells, bi-, three and multicellular proembryos and cell aggregates. In prolonged suspension cultures (6-8 weeks) three types of embryogenic calli were observed: yellow, compact (Type I); yellow-green, friable (Type II) and white, friable (Type III). The effect of cytokinins (zeatin 0.05; 0.1; 0.2 and / or 6-benzylaminopurine-BAP, 0.1 and 1.0 mgL, respectively) on plant regeneration of these three types of calli were investigated. Friable (Type II and III) suspension derived calli have the highest morfogenic potential. During the regeneration process, two different regeneration pathways were observed: somatic embryogenesis and/or organogenesis dependent on used cytokinin. Germination of normally developed somatic embryos was achieved on MS solid medium without hormones. Potted plants of I. pumila grew normally and flowered.
Double–link expandohedra: a mechanical model for expansion of a virus

Double–link expandohedra are introduced: each is constructed from a parent polyhedron by replacing all faces with rigid plates, adjacent plates being connected by a pair of spherically jointed bars. Powerful symmetry techniques are developed for mobility analysis of general double–link expandohedra, and when combined with numerical calculation and physical model building, they demonstrate the existence of generic finite breathing expansion motions in many cases. For icosahedrally symmetric trivalent parents with pentagonal and hexagonal faces only (fullerene polyhedra), the derived expandohedra provide a mechanical model for the experimentally observed swelling of viruses such as cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV). A fully symmetric swelling motion (a finite mechanism) is found for systems based on icosahedral fullerene polyhedra with odd triangulation number, T ⩽ 31, and is conjectured to exist for all odd triangulation numbers.
A DETERMINISTIC APPROACH TO THE SYNTHESIS OF PENCIL BEAMS THROUGH PLANAR THINNED ARRAYS

This paper presents a simple and innovative deterministic approach to the synthesis of uniformly excited thinned arrays able to fulflll constraints concerning both the sidelobe level and the value of the radiated far fleld (and/or of the directivity) in a set of given directions. Starting from a reference regular (periodic or even aperiodic) lattice and from an optimal continuous reference source fulfllling at best the required speciflcations, the proposed approach flnds out both the number and the location of the isophoric (i.e., equi-amplitude) radiating elements to withdraw in a fast and efiective fashion. In fact, it is based on a deterministic best-fltting procedure which takes inspiration from existing density taper techniques. Examples are provided with reference to the synthesis of large circular arrays and conflrm the interest of the proposed procedure.
Influence of Auxin Concentration on in vitro Rooting of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat

Efficient in vitro rooting of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. , using hormone free media with different concentrations of auxins was developed. In this study we used three different auxins at various concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L) of IAA (Indole3-acetic acid), IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid) and NAA (1-Naphthaleneacetic acid) for root development in Chrysanthemum morifolium. Shoot explants from in vitro culture were grown on a medium to determine the potential of rooting frequency, number of roots per explant and root length. However, SH medium with 1mg/L of (IBA) induced the highest number 5.7 ± 0.5 of root per explant among the three different concentrations of auxin used followed by (IAA) and NAA. The highest root length 36.2 ± 3.3 was achieved in SH medium with 1mg/L of IAA and lesser number of roots and root length were developed in NAA. The in vitro rooted plants were hardened and acclimatized in the greenhouse and successfully (100%) transplanted to the field. Protocols were developed in the present investigation for cloning and large scale plant production of Chrysanthemum (C. morifolium Ramat.)
The role of social projection in direct and indirect estimations of cybercrime among young adults

Indirect estimations are used to examine the prevalence rates of criminal behavior by asking people how many percent of their group members they think have committed any form of cybercrime or digitized crime in the past. It is assumed that these estimations reduce the occurrence of social desirability. In the current study, a higher (compared to a lower) identification with the ingroup is expected to lead to a greater use of social projection in these indirect estimations, as people base the prevalence rates more on their own criminal behavior and experiences. Because of this process, indirect estimations would provide a clearer picture of actual prevalence rates. In turn, greater projection should predict higher indirect estimations. Therefore, the use of social projection was hypothesized to mediate the positive association between identification and indirect estimations that was found in previous research. A between-groups design was employed with an experimental manipulation of group identification (high versus low). Participants were recruited among members of a sports group or among the first-year computer science students at the University of Twente and answered both indirect as well as direct estimations about different cybercrime offenses such as hacking and committing identity theft. In addition, the use of social projection in the indirect estimations was assessed. The mediation hypothesis could not be supported because no association was found between the group identification manipulation and indirect estimations. Additionally, no consistent link between social projection and the indirect estimations was found either. A possible explanation of the unexpected findings could be that the characteristics of the groups that are used in indirect estimations play a significant role. Hypothetically, the more the identity content of the group is clearly defined, the less social projection would be used by participants, meaning that the proposed model could possibly still be applied while using larger, unclearly defined groups. Finally, it is possible that social desirability also plays a role in indirect estimations, when using small groups as in the current study. Consequently, it is important to further examine the conditions under which social desirability, social projection, and identification play a role in indirect estimations to determine the validity of this form of questioning in finding actual prevalence rates of cybercrime and digitized crime.
Drug Delivery System Model using Optical Tweezer Spin Control

A new concept of molecular motor using optical tweezers within a modified optical add–drop filter known as PANDA ring resonator is proposed. In simulation, dark and bright solitons are input into the system. The orthogonal tweezers can be formed within the system and detected simultaneously at the output ports. Under the resonant condition, the optical tweezers generated by dark and bright soliton pair corresponding to the left-hand and right-hand rotating solitons (tweezers) can be generated. In application, the trapped molecules can be moved and rotated to the required destinations, which can be useful for healthcare applications, especially, in drug delivery, medical diagnosis and therapy.
A TYPO-TECHNOLOGICAL DEFINITION OF TABONIAN INDUSTRIES

Six flaked lithic assemblages from Tabon, Guri and Duyong caves on Palawan and from Musang and Laurente caves in the Cagayan valley on Luzon (Philippines), discovered during the 1970s and 1980s, have been reanalyzed. The results are presented here.
Predicting Travel Time System in Case of Bandar Baru Bangi

Road congestion is increasing due to growing of the population and vehicle ownership. Due to this problem there is a need of the advanced traveller information system in optimizing the traffic in urban area. In Malaysia the rapid increase in the use of personal transport has resulted in increased traffic congestion, accidents, inadequate parking space and air pollution, among other problems. To provide a solution to these problems, the objective of this study is to estimate and inform the dynamic travel time and ideal routes to traveller in Bandar Baru Bangi (BBB) area. Delphi program is chosen to write the program that can predict the travel time in urban roads. The system is capable to use by traveller pretrip by internet and on trip by using the SMS. Key word: Travel time, congestion, traffic assignment, travel route.
Exploring the Feasibility of a Floor System Detached From Seismic Beams in Moment Resisting Frame Buildings

In current practice, floor slab and beams in the perimeter seismic frames are monolithically constructed and rigidly connected to each other through starter bars. This rigid connection ensures that the shear friction between the floor and the seismic beam transfers the inertial force resulting from the response acceleration of the floor mass and any superimposed dead loads to the moment resisting seismic frame. But, this rigid connection between the floor and perimeter seismic beams leads to several complications such as: (i) possibility of stronger beam (than columns) because of the slab contribution on the negative moment capacity of seismic beams; (ii) possibility of (unidirectional) plastic hinge forming away from column face; and (iii) the floor-beam compatibility requirement leading to severe damage in the slab as the seismic beams deflect in double curvature and grow in length due to elongation of the plastic hinges at the same time. In a quest to avoid these complications, this paper investigates the feasibility of a floor slab that is detached completely from the perimeter seismic beams. In this system, the slab is rigidly connected to the intermediate beams, which are designed to transfer the inertial force to the columns through shear friction and/or torsional resistance. This idea is conceptually discussed and its validity is scrutinized in the paper.
A novel membrane inlet‐infrared gas analysis (MI‐IRGA) system for monitoring of seawater carbonate system

Increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations are driving changes in ocean chemistry at unprecedented rates resulting in ocean acidification, which is predicted to impact the functioning of marine biota, in particular of marine calcifiers. However, the precise understanding of such impacts relies on an analytical system that determines the mechanisms and impact of elevated pCO2 on the physiology of organisms at scales from species to entire communities. Recent work has highlighted the need within experiments to control all aspects of the carbonate system to resolve the role of different inorganic carbon species on the physiological responses observed across taxa in real‐time. Presently however, there are limited options available for continuous quantification of physiological responses, coupled with real‐time calculation of the seawater carbonate chemistry system within microcosm environments. Here, we describe and characterise the performance of a novel pCO2 membrane equilibrium system (the Membrane Inlet Infra‐Red Gas Analyser, MI‐IRGA) integrated with a continuous pH and oxygen monitoring platform. The system can detect changes in the seawater carbonate chemistry and determine organism physiological responses, while providing the user with real‐time control over the microcosm system. We evaluate the systems control, response time and associated error, and demonstrate the flexibility of the system to operate under field conditions and within a laboratory. We use the system to measure physiological parameters (photosynthesis and respiration) for the corals Pocillipora damicornis and Porites cylindrica; in doing so we present a novel dataset examining the interactive role of temperature, light and pCO2 on the physiology of P. cylindrica.
Sex-specific behavioral effects of fluoxetine treatment in animal models of depression and anxiety

There are strong sex differences in clinical characteristics and in responses to treatment of several psychiatric diseases. Depressive and anxiety disorders are 2 to almost 3 times more common in women, but the majority of experiments examining the biological basis of these disorders and pharmacological agents for treatments are conducted in male animals. Several studies suggest that females respond better than males to the action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), suggesting that gonadal hormones modulate mood and the response to these drugs. The beginning of clinical use of SSRI fluoxetine (Prozac) in late 80-ies was the frst major breakthrough in the treatment of depression since the introduction of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) nearly 30 years earlier. Fluoxetine is today widely prescribed for the treatment not only of depression but also of some anxiety related disorders. Animal models of depression and anxiety represents a useful tool for the investigation of sex differences of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antidepressants. In this review the animal models of depression/anxiety using three most common performed acute stressor behavior tests (forced swim test – FST, elevated plus maze – EPM and open field – OF) will be introduced, followed by presenting behavior alterations after fluoxetine treatment in male and female rodents. In addition, data from our lab in C57BL/6J mice of both sexes on the behavioral effects of chronic fluoxetine treatment in comparison to other studies will be presented. Given the overlap between human and rodent findings, rodents provide a good model for further research on the sex-dependent effects of SSRIs and other antidepressants.
Versatile photophysiology of compositionally similar cyanobacterial mat communities inhabiting submerged sinkholes of Lake Huron

: Recently discovered submerged sinkholes in Lake Huron are high-sulfur, low-oxygen extreme environments for microbial life. In order to understand the relationship between the physical environment, photophysiology and community composition, we measured the physical conditions, photophysiological indices, and genetic diversity at 3 microbial mat sites bathed in high conductivity groundwater under a natural light gradient during 2012 and 2013. A strong seasonal trend prevailed at all sites, characterized by decreased photosynthetic yield (F v ’/ F m ’; 0.25 to 0.40) during the summer (April to August) and increased yield (0.70 to 0.75) during the winter (November to March). Chlorophyll a content varied seasonally in a similar manner to photo synthetic yield. All sites were dominated by >80% abundance of one cyanobacterial group, most closely related to Phormidium sp. Phycobilins (phycocyanin and phycoerythrin) were consistently higher in concentration than chlorophyll. Photosynthetic yield was statistically indistinguishable between sites, suggesting that these mat communities are able to acclimate across a wide range of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Interestingly, these cyanobacteria carried out oxygenic photosynthesis in the presence of in vitro H 2 S, further suggestive of their versatile photo-physiologies under variable redox conditions. Collectively, our study provides insight into the adaptive capabilities of cyanobacteria by revealing how they photophysiologically respond to changes in light climate and redox conditions, and are thereby able to inhabit a wide range of physico-chemical environments. Such versatile physiologies may have enabled their ancestors to thrive across a range of habitats on early Earth.
Is Inflation Persistence Over

We analyze inflation persistence in several industrial and emerging countries in the recent past by estimating reduced-form models of inflation dynamics. We select a very representative group of 23 industrial and 17 emerging economies. Our sample period is comprised of quarterly data and starts in the first quarter of 1995. Our results show that inflation persistence is low and stable for all countries in our sample. It seems to be lower in industrial relative to emerging countries. Finally, even countries that have had “hyperinflation” experience in the recent past showed low levels of inflation persistence, albeit apparently higher than the other countries in our sample.
Small business critical success/failure factors in developing countries: some evidences from Botswana

Although the discovery of diamond has propelled Botswana from one of the poorest countries in 1966 to its current economic status as a middle-income country, the country still faces the problems of economic diversification, employment creation, income generation and distribution and poverty alleviation. Governmental and non- Governmental organizations have put many efforts on the development of small and medium Enterprises (SMEs) to diversify the economy away from mining, to create jobs, generate income and alleviate poverty. However, the pace of development of SMEs, after 30 years, is very slow. The small business failure rate is currently estimated to be over 80%. There is a general consensus among policy makers, politicians and researchers in Botswana that this trend should not be allowed to continue indefinitely. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the Perceived Critical Success/Failure factors (PCSFs) affecting the development of SMEs by collecting primary data from 203 SMEs in 3 cities in the republic of Botswana through a questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to present the empirical data. The findings showed that ten PCSFs (human resources development; organizational development, managerial background; managerial leadership and competitive strategy) affect the performance of SMEs. The PCSFs are strongly related among themselves, indicating the need for a holistic and systematic approach in addressing them. Important relationships were also found between the PCSFs and firm-specific demographic variables such as ownership status, experience and operation period. Recommendations and implications for the policy and research are also forwarded.
XOP: A graphical user interface for spectral calculations and x-ray optics utilities

A graphical user interface, using the Interactive Data Language (IDL) widget toolkit, for calculation of spectral properties of synchrotron radiation sources and for interaction of x‐rays with optical elements has been developed. The interface runs presently on three different computer architectures under the Unix operating system – the Sun‐OS, the HP‐UX, and the DEC‐Unix operating systems. The point‐and‐click interface is used as a driver program for a variety of codes from different authors written in different computer languages. The execution of codes for calculating synchrotron radiation from undulators, wigglers, and bending magnets is summarized. The computation of optical properties of materials and the x‐ray diffraction profiles from crystals in different geometries are also discussed. The interface largely simplifies the use of these codes and may be used without prior knowledge of how to run a particular program.
Inferring the viscosity and the 3-D density structure of the mantle from geoid, topography and plate velocities

SUMMARY In a dynamic Earth, mantle mass heterogeneities induce gravity anomalies, surface velocities and surface topography. These lateral density heterogeneities can be estimated on the basis of seismic tomographic models. Recent papers have described a realistic circulation model that takes into account the observed plate geometry and is able to predict the rotation vectors of the present plates. The relationship between the surface observables and the heterogeneities is sensitive to the viscosity stratification of the mantle. Here we use this model, combined with a generalized least-squares method, in order to infer the viscosity profile of the Earth from the surface observations, and. to get some new insight into the 3-D density structure of the mantle. The computed radial viscosity profile presents a continuous increase of more than two orders of magnitude. The asthenosphere has a viscosity close to 2 x lo2’ Pa s. No sharp discontinuity is requested at the upper-lower mantle interface. The largest viscosity 7 X 10” Pas is reached in the middle of the lower mantle. At greater depth, approaching the core-mantle boundary, the viscosity decreases by one order of magnitude. The model suggests that the well-known degree-2 and order-2 anomaly in the transition zone of the upper mantle is merely the signature of the slabs. It also slightly increases the degree-2 and order-0 in the lower mantle and decreases it in the upper mantle. In other words the inversion requests a hotter lower mantle beneath the equator and a colder upper mantle at the same latitudes.
D-rules: learning & planning

One current research goal of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning is to improve the problem-solving performance of systems with their own experience or from external teaching. The work presented in this paper concentrates on the learning of decomposition rules, also called d-rules, i.e., given some examples learn rules that guide the planning process, in new problems, by determining what operators are to be included in the solution plan. Also a planning algorithm is presented that uses the learned d-rules in order to obtain the desired plan. The learning algorithm includes a value function approximation, which gives each learned rule an associated function. If the planner finds more than one applicable d-rule, it discriminates among them using this feature. Decomposition rules have been learned in the blocks world domain, and those d-rules have been used by the planner to solve new problems.