Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Several Key Points in Early Human Innovative Evolution

This article discusses the innovative evolution of biology. In order to supplement the evolutionary theory that emphasizes “adapting to the environment”, we discuss the innovative evolution of “natural law”. The first event in the universe to be observed was “innovation”, and it was discovered that there were many innovations in human evolution. It introduces what is innovative evolution and what rules to follow. It focuses on the analysis of the performance of innovative evolution in human evolution. The innovative evolution of early human beings are mainly reflected in the liberation of hands in upright walking; the use of fire in artificial fire is the beginning of the active acquisition of energy and the active use of energy; the cooked food is fully obtaining nutrition that made the function of the brain perfect; the development of abstract thinking is the deducing interpreting substances and reforming these substances. This is the fundamental difference between human being and other animals. it is not possible for any animal to take the initiative to obtain energy and to produce food actively. So it is impossible for other primates to evolve into humans.
Fabrication and Testing of a Medical Surgical Instrument Capable of Detecting Simulated Embedded Lumps

A novel endoscopic grasper is being fabricated and tested. This grasper can be used in detecting lumps or tumors in biological tissues. The detailed fabrication process of the tactile sensor has been discussed. Custom-made sensors were integrated with the jaws of the endoscopic grasper and objects with known tactile features were tested by the designed grasper. Different experiments were performed with the system in order to determine both the position and the size of the lumps or inclusions located in the soft elastomeric media. The average discrepancy between the experimental and theoretical simulations was found to be less than 15%.
Livestock and land share contracts in a Hindu society

This paper examines factors related to the existence of a livestock rental market in western Nepal and assesses whether this is associated with caste differentiation and land rental market participation. This study brings new empirical evidence of livestock rental market against the established view that such market does not exist due to moral hazard. Theoretical models for asset- rich (high-caste) households, rich in land and livestock, and asset-poor (low-caste) households are presented providing logical explanations for the existence of a livestock rental market and synergies between livestock and land rental market participation. A combination of double hurdle models and bivariate ordered probit models were applied to test the implications of the models. The empirical evidence was found to be consistent with the theoretical models. Land- and livestock-rich (high-caste) households were more likely to rent out land and/or livestock. Land- and livestock-poor and credit constrained (low-caste) households were more likely to rent in livestock and land. Participation in the two markets was positively correlated indicating synergies that may be due to production and transaction cost reducing benefits. The male labor endowment, partly determined by migration, was a major determinant of livestock rental behavior.
Literature Review: Effects of Myofascial Release on Range of Motion and Athletic Performance

This Honors Research Project is brought to you for free and open access by The Dr. Gary B. and Pamela S. Williams Honors College at IdeaExchange@UAkron, the institutional repository of The University of Akron in Akron, Ohio, USA. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Research Projects by an authorized administrator of IdeaExchange@UAkron. For more information, please contact mjon@uakron.edu, uapress@uakron.edu. Recommended Citation Zazac, Alex, "Literature Review: Effects of Myofascial Release on Range of Motion and Athletic Performance" (2015). Honors Research Projects. 67. http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/honors_research_projects/67 brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac. uk
Replacement of Fish Meal With Poultry By-Product Meal (Chicken Intestine) as a Protein Source in Grass Carp Fry Diet

Present study evaluated the suitability of chicken intestine as an alternate protein source of fish meal for grass carp fry diet. Feed ingredients were collected from the local market and were analyzed for protein, fat, ash, fiber, moisture content and energy. The basal diet (FM30) was formulated with 30% fish meal. Other experimental diets were formulated with chicken intestine meal 7.5% (FM22.5), 15.0% (FM15.0), 22.5% (FM7.5) and 30% (FM0) replacing 7.5, 15.0, 22.5, and 30% of the fish meal respectively. All the diets were designed to contain equivalent levels of -nitrogen -lipids and energy resulting in diets with 35% protein, 10% lipid and 429-431kcal energy per 100g diet. An eight week feeding trial was conducted under laboratory conditions. FM22.5 and FM15.0 had almost similar growth as compared to basal diet (FM30) but significantly higher growth was recorded in FM7.5 (P<0.01) and FM0 (P<0.05) as compared to the basal diet. Lowest feed conversion ratio was observed for treatments with higher growth and vice versa. The results of the present study reveal that although the best growth was achieved in the dietary treatment with 75% chicken intestine meal but 100% chicken intestine meal can also replace fish meal without addition of amino acids and compromising growth and feed conversion ratio in grass carp fry diet.
An event study analysis of U.S. hospitality stock prices' reaction to Fed policy announcements

This paper is an event study analysis of the reaction of daily U.S. hospitality stock prices to announcements of Federal Open Market Committee decisions concerning the federal funds target rate (FFTR). The study first identifies two components of changes in the FFTR, namely the expected and the unexpected (or surprise) components. The surprise component that is not yet priced into the market can be calculated from the change in the federal funds futures rate. According to the efficient market hypothesis that stock prices should have already reflected all information available in the market, it is hypothesized that hospitality stock prices should respond only to the surprise component. Test results support the hypothesis. Except for restaurant index, the responses of airline, gambling, hotel and travel and leisure stock indices to the surprise component of changes in the FFTR are highly significant. The corresponding responses to the actual changes in the FFTR and the expected component, in contrast, are statistically insignificant.
A BIM-supported framework for enhancing joint planning in construction

Modern construction planning philosophies, such as The Last Planner System (LPS), stipulate that those performing the work on site should participate in the planning. In this paper we describe and analyze a variant of LPS that is currently in use in a Scandinavian construction company and explore the possibilities to enhance the process by integrating the use of Building Information Models (BIM). The study is based on the observations of three planning workshops together with a set of semi-structured interviews. Based on the analysis and findings from the workshops we outline the theoretical design of a Computer-Supported Cooperative Work-System (CSCW) that integrates BIM more closely in the method.
SENIOR MANAGEMENT USE OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS IN LARGE COMPANIES

The use of management control systems in large companies remains relatively unexplored. Indeed, only a few studies of senior managers’ use of management control systems consider multiple controls in companies. This paper explores data from a comprehensive survey of the use of management control systems in 120 strategic business units at some of the largest companies in Denmark. The paper identifies how senior management guides and controls their subordinates to meet their companies’ objectives. The presentation and discussion of the results, including citations from executive managers, use Ferreira and Otley’s (2009) conceptual and holistic framework for performance management systems, supplemented by elements of contextual factors and organisational culture. Further, selected researchers’ perceptions of the purpose of using management control systems are related to practitioners’ ideas of the purpose of using such systems. Finally, the paper discusses the usability of the 12 questions in Ferreira and Otley’s framework for exploring empirical survey data. Acknowledgements: grateful management
Estimation of a planetary magnetic field using a reduced magnetohydrodynamic model

Abstract. Knowledge of planetary magnetic fields provides deep insights into the structure and dynamics of planets. Due to the interaction of a planet with the solar wind plasma, a rather complex magnetic environment is generated. The situation at planet Mercury is an example of the complexities occurring as this planet's field is rather weak and the magnetosphere rather small. New methods are presented to separate interior and exterior magnetic field contributions which are based on a dynamic inversion approach using a reduced magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model and time-varying spacecraft observations. The methods select different data such as bow shock location information or magnetosheath magnetic field data. Our investigations are carried out in preparation for the upcoming dual-spacecraft BepiColombo mission set out to precisely estimate Mercury's intrinsic magnetic field. To validate our new approaches, we use THEMIS magnetosheath observations to estimate the known terrestrial dipole moment. The terrestrial magnetosheath provides observations from a strongly disturbed magnetic environment, comparable to the situation at Mercury. Statistical and systematic errors are considered and their dependence on the selected data sets are examined. Including time-dependent upstream solar wind variations rather than averaged conditions significantly reduces the statistical error of the estimation. Taking the entire magnetosheath data along the spacecraft's trajectory instead of only the bow shock location into account further improves accuracy of the estimated dipole moment.
Mostly Harmless? A Subnational Analysis of the Aid-Conflict Nexus

Although most aid projects are aimed at local development, most research on the aid-conflict nexus is based on the country-year as unit of analysis. In contrast, this study examines the link between aid commitments and conflict intensity at the local level for three African countries between 1999-2008, using data from a unique dataset containing information on local aid allocations. The data shows that in general the spatial interdependence between aid and conflict is low, as aid is allocated relatively close to the capital and conflicts tend to occur in the peripheral areas. Fitting a Bayesian linear regression model the empirical analysis finds that there is no strong correlation between changes in lagged aid commitments and changes in conflict intensity. Looking at the extensive margin the results do show that fungible aid is correlated with increased conflict risk, in line with rent-seeking behaviour, but the estimated magnitude of the coefficient is very small. The results are stronger at the district level compared to the province level, suggesting that the possible link between aid and conflict is highly localised.
Derivation of parentage and breed-of-origin of alleles in a crossbred broiler dataset

Pig and poultry breeding programs rely on crossbreeding. With genomic selection, widespread use of crossbred performance in breeding programs comes within reach. Commercial crossbreds, however, may have unknown pedigrees and their genomes include DNA from two to four different breeds, depending on the crossbreeding scheme. SNP information allows: 1) derivation of parentage, provided that genotypes of parents are available, and 2) derivation of breed-of-origin of alleles in crossbreds, provided that sufficient genotypes of purebred animals are available to determine frequencies of segregating haplotypes for each of the parental breeds. We derived both parentage and breed-of-origin of alleles in a broiler dataset that comprised 5882 purebred and 10,943 three-way crossbred offspring that were generated by natural mating of 164 purebred sires to 660 purebred and 1031 F1 crossbred hens. Numbers of offspring per sire had a very skewed distribution, ranging from 1 to 275 crossbreds and 1 to 155 purebreds. Breed-of-origin could be derived for 99.74% of the alleles of the 1031 F1 crossbred hens and for 98.10% of the alleles of the 10,943 three-way crossbred offspring. Visual inspection of the assigned breed-of-origin, however, suggested that there are some errors in assignment of the maternal alleles. Further tuning of the algorithm, or adding more purebred animals of the dam lines to the analysis, may help to resolve those errors. The achieved percentage of assignment to the sire line appears sufficient to proceed with subsequent analyses requiring only the breed-of-origin of the paternal alleles to be known.
The earlier identification of the seedless characteristic of the wampee (Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels) hybrid by a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker

Wampee as an important fruit is widely grown in South China and conventional breeding methods for the production of new seedless wampee cultivars in recent years were operated. Hybridization was conducted using the seed as female parents and the seedless as male parents. However, the seeds could be gotten from cross combination. An efficient operation was that, non-woven fabrics bag could increase burliness rate in hybridization. In order to earlier identify seedless seedlings in hybrid progeny, the objective of this work is to identify molecular markers linked to seedless trait through bulked segregant analysis. Two bulks, seedless and seed, were prepared by pooling DNA of individual identified plants and used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Out of the 100 primers tested, only S06 primer could get a specific 930 bp restriction random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD amplicon to seedless bulk. As a result, a hybrid was tested with this primer in two cross combinations. Keywords: Earlier identification, seedless wampee, bulked segregant analysis, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA
BEYOND THE ‘ CONSENSUS ’ IN PRACTICAL THEOLOGY

Historically practical theology entered the theological encyclopaedia as a discipline of ‘crises’ in the praxis which ministers, congregations and churches experienced in making the Christian tradition relevant in the life of individuals, communities or in society as a whole. Among scholars in practical theology there is a deep consensus that practical theology starts with practical concerns and contributes to practice, but what is the utility of practical theology? This article want to ‘deconstruct’ the consensus that all practical theology is by default practical. If practical theology wants to construct knowledge about the improvement of practice, some strategies are preferable compared to other strategies. The question of utility refers to the methodological criteria of empirical research regarding (a) the object of research or the problem to be solved, (b) the needs of the stakeholders as to the research and its results and, (c) the type of knowledge to be produced. If utility is the target of practical theological research, then the question is which research strategies meet these methodological criteria better than other criteria. Some research strategies are strong on reaching certain goals, but are weak regarding other goals. It is only in the complexity of the type of knowledge, research strategy and methodological criteria that the focus on practice orientation can be decided. Acta Theologica 2015 Suppl 22: 8-25 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.4314/actat.v21i1. 3S ISSN 1015-8758 © UV/UFS <http://www.ufs.ac.za/ActaTheologica> C. Hermans & W.J. Schoeman THE UTILITY OF PRACTICAL THEOLOGY: MAPPING THE DOMAIN, GOALS, STRATEGIES AND CRITERIA OF PRACTICAL THEOLOGICAL RESEARCH Prof. C. Hermans, Research fellow, Department Practical Theology, University of the Free State, e-mail: c.hermans@ftr.ru. nl; Prof. W.J. Schoeman, Department Practical Theology, University of the Free State, e-mail: schoemanw@ufs.ac.za Produced by SUN MeDIA Bloemfontein Acta Theologica Supplementum 22 2015
STUDY OF DYNAMIC ABSORPTIVITY AT 10.6 µm (CO2) AND 1.06 µm (Nd-YAG) WAVELENGTHS AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE

One of the main advantages of Nd-YAG lasers compared to CO2 lasers consists of easy beam handling using optical silica fibers. However, up to now Nd-YAG applications for material processing were limited due to a rather low available mean output power (less than about 500 W). A Eureka project (termed "EU-226") which consequently aimed at developing the so called "High Power Solid State Laser (HPSSL)" capable of 1 to 3 kW, involved absorptivity studies results of which are given in this contribution. Metallic surfaces exhibit a higher absorptivity at 1.06 µm (Nd-YAG) than at 10.6 µm which improves the energy transfer with a Nd-YAG laser and decreases the thermal runaway. This was acertained by measurements of absorptivity as a function of temperature and by thermal cycle calculations. This permits laser surface hardening of steels without any coating or gas shielding, which prevents in particular pollution. Various materials, I. e. pure nickel, Inconel 718 and AISI 1045 steel, were studied, featuring in particular the influence of surface roughness, oxidation and initial absorptivity on laser-material interaction.
Estimating the accuracy of volume equations using taper equations of stem profile

Comparisons of log volume estimation techniques are performed using the equations of Smalian, Huber, and Newton, and a numerical technique using cubic splines. The data utilized were obtained by predicting diameters at various points along the stem from two paper equations for white fir. Results indicate that Newton's and Huber's equations were the most accurate, followed by the cubic spline and Smalian's equation, respectively. This technique facilitated partitioning of the total error in volume estimation into measurement error and error due to model misspecification arising when the taper of logs could not be exactly described by a simple model such as a frustum of a paraboloid. For the taper relationships analyzed it was shown that the error due to the selection of an inappropriate mensurational model is less than 5% for a measurement distance of 16 ft (4.9 m) for all models tested and can be substantially reduced by applying the formulae only to logs positioned above basal swell. Systematic measureme.
A Novel Implementation of Application Specific Instruction-set Processor (ASIP) using Verilog

The general purpose processors that are used in embedded systems must support constraints like execution time, power consumption, code size and so on. On the other hand an Application Specific Instruction-set Processor (ASIP) has advantages in terms of power consumption, performance and flexibility. In this paper, a 16-bit Application Specific Instruction-set processor for the sensor data transfer is proposed. The designed processor architecture consists of on-chip transmitter and receiver modules along with the processing and controlling units to enable the data transmission and reception on a single die. The data transfer is accomplished with less number of instructions as compared with the general purpose processor. The ASIP core operates at a maximum clock frequency of 1.132GHz with a delay of 0.883ns and consumes 569.63mW power at an operating voltage of 1.2V. The ASIP is implemented in Verilog HDL using the Xilinx platform on Virtex4. Keywords—ASIP, Data transfer, Instruction set, Processor
Deformation induced topographic effects in inversion of temporal gravity changes: First look at Free Air and Bouguer terms

Abstract We review here the gravitational effects on the temporal (time-lapse) gravity changes induced by the surface deformation (vertical displacements). We focus on two terms, one induced by the displacement of the benchmark (gravity station) in the ambient gravity field, and the other imposed by the attraction of the masses within the topographic deformation rind. The first term, coined often the Free Air Effect (FAE), is the product of the vertical gradient of gravity (VGG) and the vertical displacement of the benchmark. We examine the use of the vertical gradient of normal gravity, typically called the theoretical or normal Free Air Gradient (normal FAG), as a replacement for the true VGG in the FAE, as well as the contribution of the topography to the VGG. We compute a topographic correction to the normal FAG, to offer a better approximation of the VGG, and evaluate its size and shape (spatial behavior) for a volcanic study area selected as the Central Volcanic Complex (CVC) on Tenerife, where this correction reaches 77% of the normal FAG and varies rapidly with terrain. The second term, imposed by the attraction of the vertically displaced topo-masses, referred to here as the Topographic Deformation Effect (TDE) must be computed by numerical evaluation of the Newton volumetric integral. As the effect wanes off quickly with distance, a high resolution DEM is required for its evaluation. In practice this effect is often approximated by the planar or spherical Bouguer deformation effect (BDE). By a synthetic simulation at the CVC of Tenerife we show the difference between the rigorously evaluated TDE and its approximation by the planar BDE. The complete effect, coined here the Deformation Induced Topographic Effect (DITE) is the sum of FAE and TDE. Next we compare by means of synthetic simulations the DITE with two approximations of DITE typically used in practice: one amounting only to the first term in which the VGG is approximated by normal FAG, the other adopting a Bouguer corrected normal FAG (BCFAG).
Changes in the Lake Ladik fish community (1972-2004) and ichthyofauna of its inlet and outlet streams (Samsun, Turkey)

This research was conducted to record the fish species inhabiting Lake Ladik and its inlet and outlet streams between July 2003 and August 2004. Electrofishing equipment, fishing cast net, fisherman's dip net, and fishing nets with different scales were used to catch fish samples. As a result of evaluated samples caught from the research area, 12 species belonging to 4 families (Cyprinidae, Balitoridae, Esocidae, and Percidae) were identified.
Incorporating Decision Support Systems into Management Simulation Games: A Model and Methodology

In an attempt to overcome some of the limitations and criticisms of simulation games, a model was developed linking a simulation game (IMAGINIT) with a decision support system (IFPS) for use in Business Policy courses. The procedure provides students with a methodology (student generated) that should improve their decision making and strategic planning.
Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) Method for Laminate Plates under Dynamic Loading

A meshless local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) method is applied to solve laminate plate problems described by the Reissner-Mindlin theory. Both stationary and transient dynamic loads are analyzed here. The bending moment and the shear force expressions are obtained by integration through the laminated plate for the considered constitutive equations in each lamina. The Reissner-Mindlin theory reduces the original three-dimensional (3-D) thick plate problem to a twodimensional (2-D) problem. Nodal points are randomly distributed over the mean surface of the considered plate. Each node is the center of a circle surrounding this node. The weak-form on small subdomains with a Heaviside step function as the test functions is applied to derive local integral equations. After performing the spatial MLS approximation, a system of ordinary differential equations of the second order for certain nodal unknowns is obtained. The derived ordinary differential equations are solved by the Houbolt finite-difference scheme as a time-stepping method.