Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity and domestication of hazelnut (Corylus avellana) in Turkey

Assessing and describing genetic diversity in crop plants is a crucial first step towards their improvement. The European hazelnut, Corylus avellana, is one of the most economically important tree nut crops worldwide. It is primarily produced in Turkey where rural communities depend on it for their livelihoods. Despite this we know little about hazelnut’s domestication history and the genetic diversity it holds. We use double digest Restriction-site Associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing to produce genome-wide dataset containing wild and domesticated hazelnut. We uncover patterns of population structure and diversity, determine levels of crop-wild gene flow and estimate the timing of key divergence events. We find that genetic clusters of cultivars do not reflect their given names and that there is limited evidence for a reduction in genetic diversity in domesticated individuals. Admixture has likely occurred multiple times between wild and domesticated hazelnut. Domesticates appear to have first diverged from their wild relatives during the Mesolithic. We provide the first genomic assessment of Turkish hazelnut diversity and suggest that it is currently in a partial stage of domestication. Our study provides a platform for further research that will protect this crop from the threats of climate change and an emerging fungal disease.
Investigating the Effects of Pavement Roughness on Freeway Safety using Data from Five States

Traffic crashes occur usually because of a combination of human, roadway/environment, and vehicle factors. Pavement condition is closely related to these three factors as it is one of the most important roadway/environment factors and it affects driving behavior and vehicle performance at the same time. Previous studies have shown that pavement condition plays an important role in safety. This study develops four different safety performance functions to evaluate the effect of pavement roughness, measured by the International Roughness Index (IRI), on the number of crashes using the interstate highway data from five U.S. states representing different geographical and weather regions: Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Maryland, and Michigan. The modeling results identify many significant variables including traffic volume and proportion of trucks, through lane count, shoulder type, median width, high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane operation and HOV lane count, speed limit, area type along with IRI-related factors. The results indicate that increased IRI (deterioration of pavement quality) contributes to large numbers of total crashes. On interstate highways with speed limits of 70 mph and higher, the effects of IRI are relatively smaller. On the other hand, the effects of IRI increase with a larger traffic volume. Based on the modeling results, seven crash modification functions of IRI values by crash type and speed limit were estimated. The findings from this study are expected to be useful for both pavement and safety engineers to understand the relationship between IRI and safety on freeways.
A natural language processing algorithm to measure quality prostate cancer care.

232Background: Electronic health records (EHRs) are a widely adopted but underutilized source of data for systematic assessment of healthcare quality. Barriers for use of this data source include its vast complexity, lack of structure, and the lack of use of standardized vocabulary and terminology by clinicians. This project aims to develop generalizable algorithms to extract useful knowledge regarding prostate cancer quality metrics from EHRs. Methods: We used EHR ICD-9/10 codes to identify prostate cancer patients receiving care at our academic medical center. Patients were confirmed in the California Cancer Registry (CCR), which provided data on tumor characteristics, treatment data, treatment outcomes and survival. We focused on three potential pretreatment process quality measures, which included documentation within 6 months prior to initial treatment of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), digital rectal exam (DRE) performance, and Gleason score. Each quality metric was defined using target terms and c.
The Physical Factors Affecting the Social Livability of Gated Communities: A Case study of Gated Communities in Tehran

Despite negative perspectives on their consequences, gated communities continue to spread in cities for structural reasons such as globalization and economic neo-liberalism. Hence, there is a need to find a way of achieving a better balance between these and social factors to make these communities more livable. Together with economic market perspectives, livability principles might offer a solution for mediating the social consequences of gated communities. This research aimed to examine the physical factors influencing social livability of gated communities and identify the degree of their prominence. To collect the data, four gated communities in Tehran were selected through cluster sampling. An analysis of 258 questionnaires and observation of the physical features of the gated communities indicated five physical features affecting social livability of gated communities. The results showed that mixed uses had the biggest effect on the social livability of gated communities followed by mixed housing, accessibility, walkability and sociability respectively. Although it might be impossible to put a halt to the expansion of gated communities in the short run, attempts can be made to attract different classes of people to these communities through mixing different uses and prevent from the fragmentation of gated communities. Well-connected and walkable streets help many daily activities occur within walking distance promoting the security of the neighborhood. Designing sociable public places where everyone is welcomed without any type of exclusion or limitation increases social bonds within gated communities which in turn promotes resident’s sense of community.
Perception of Dental Professionals towards Dental Errors in Saudi Arabia

Background: Dentists have an ethical responsibility to disclose their mistakes; however, there is considerable inconsistency on what dentists do after a dental error is committed, how much information they disclose, to whom they disclose this information and what they can do to prevent future errors. Although Saudi Arabia has started to establish risk management plans for dentistry, gaps still remain in achieving modern high quality healthcare standards. This study aims to provide empirical evidence on the perception of dental professionals, in an Arab/Islamic culture, towards dental errors. Â Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between August 2015 and January 2016 and involved 586 dental professional staff and auxiliaries. The data collection was undertaken using Twitter and face-to-face sampling from various medical cities and dental colleges in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Â Results: The most frequent age-group was <30 years (62.1%) and the majority of the participants were Saudis (72.9%). The majority of the respondents perceived that dental errors happen mainly due to failures in processes and work structures, the dentist should report the error to the institution and the involved patient, discuss with colleagues, and make changes to minimize recurrences. There were, however, significant differences in the responses to the survey with respect to different demographic groups of respondents. Â Conclusions: This study provides critical information to assist the Saudi Ministry of Health to develop new ethical regulations for the disclosure of dental errors based on perceptions of dental professionals. The existing regulations contain limited information on the disclosure of dental errors.
Predicting postoperative complications and mortality after acetabular surgery in the elderly: A comparison of risk stratification models

Background: Geriatric acetabular fractures are becoming increasingly common. Surgeons must balance the long-term benefits of surgery with the risk of postoperative complications. Several risk stratification models have been adapted to assist surgeons with this decision-making. We compared the accuracy of the Elixhauser Comorbidity Measure (ECM), the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and the Combined Comorbidity Score (CCS) for predicting adverse events and postoperative discharge destination after surgical treatment of geriatric patients with acetabular fractures. Methods: A search of the National Inpatient Sample for patients over the age of 65 yr who had fixation of an acetabular fracture between 2002 and 2014 was undertaken. Logistic regression models of basic demographic variables and the ECM, CCI, or the CCS were used to predict inpatient mortality, complications, extended length of stay, and discharge disposition. The predictive discrimination of each model was evaluated using the C-statistic. Results: A total of 2,497 patients were identified. The model using demographic variables and the CCS outperformed the corresponding ECM and CCI models, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.829 for mortality (compared to 0.791 and 0.689, respectively), 0.791 for cardiac complications (compared to 0.694 and 0.704, respectively), 0.789 for renal complications (compared to 0.787 and 0.683, respectively), and 0.760 for pulmonary complications (compared to 0.750 and 0.662, respectively). Conclusions: The CCS was the best predictive model for assessing postoperative complications, followed by the ECM then CCI. Our results may assist in preoperative decision-making for geriatric patients with acetabular fractures. Level of Evidence: Level III.
Punching up or turning away? Palestinians unfriending Jewish Israelis on Facebook

This article explores the Facebook unfriending of users from a majority group by members of a minority group, focusing on Palestinian and Jewish citizens of Israel. Indeed, this is the first study to focus on power differentials among Facebook users in the context of unfriending. The article thus adds depth to our understanding of unfriending, while also shedding light on the experience of social media use from the perspective of an oppressed minority. Based on semi-structured in-depth interviews with twenty ’48 Palestinians (Palestinian citizens of Israel), we present various triggers for unfriending (mainly, encounters with racism and surveillance), and show that Palestinians’ stories of unfriending Jewish Israelis are sometimes about punching up and sometimes about stepping away. However, while unfriending is broadly considered an apt response to abuse, it also distances Palestinians from centers of power in Israel. This suggests an important way in which social media reproduce inequality.
3-D Facial Landmarks Detection for Intelligent Video Systems

Facial landmark detection is a fundamental research topic in computer vision that is widely adopted in many applications. Recently, thanks to the development of convolutional neural networks, this topic has been largely improved. This article proposes facial-landmark detector, which is based on a state-of-the-art architecture for landmark localization called stacked hourglass network, to obtain accurate facial landmark-points. More specifically, this article uses residual networks as the backbone instead of a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7\times 7$</tex-math></inline-formula> convolution layer. Additionally, it modifies the hourglass modules by using the residual-dense blocks in the mainstream for capturing more efficient features and the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times 1$</tex-math></inline-formula> convolution layers in the branch streams for reducing the model size and computational time, instead of the original residual blocks. The proposed architecture also enhances the features from modified hourglass modules with finer-resolution features via a lateral connection to generate more accurate results. The proposed network can outperform other state-of-the-art methods on the AFLW2000-3D dataset and the LS3D-W dataset, the largest three-dimensional (3-D face) alignment dataset to date.
Estimating Risks of Progressing to Aids when Covariates are Measured

SUMMARY For some time, there has been interest in quantifying the risks of progressing to Aids from infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated with changes in the immunological markers. Until recently, little attention has been paid to the considerable variability of these markers and the corresponding effect on estimates of relative risk. We estimate the risks of progression to Aids associated with immunological markers among a group of homosexual men infected with HIV who have been followed at quarterly intervals for 5 years. Errors in measurement in the markers are shown to bias these estimates. Smoothing techniques are compared for their effectiveness in reducing the amount of variation in the markers and the subsequent bias in the coefficients. A simulation study compares the effectiveness of various methods of smoothing in reducing the bias of the estimated coefficient.
Study the Duration of Steam Power Plant’s Maintenance to Improve the Equivalent Availability Factor

Periodic maintenance of power plants is included in the project. Shorter project duration than scheduled indicates the success of the project. For the electricity industry, operating earlier will increase the availability index, which in turn will increase revenue. The standard maintenance work scope of the power plant owner is presented in a detailed work structure of the project as known as Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). Project scheduling is done using network technique with the Critical Path Method (CPM). All activities that are on the critical path can be done crashing to speed up work in shortening the duration of treatment. Crashing is done by utilizing the cost slope of critical activities. So information can be obtained about the costs of several possible durations. The study of power plant maintenance using a cost slope gets an accelerated duration with the smallest cost, which is 28 days. With a maintenance duration of 28 days the total cost is 3,854,670,611 rupiahs and with an additional income of 429,643,368 rupiah from normal income of 21,404,712,886 rupiahs. Keywords―Network, CPM, Crashing, Cost Slope.
DEFINING SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIALLY CONSCIOUS TOURIST IN SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

Sustainable Tourism Development (STD) consists of three dimensions known as environment, economic and social. Although these three dimensions influence each other and cannot stand on their own, and are assumed to be supportive to each other and compatible. However, most studies focus on the environmental and economic dimensions. The social dimension gains less attention and is difficult to attain and operationalize. In order to implement a balanced and successful STD, it needs to be supported by all the tourism stakeholder, including the tourist itself. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the social dimension of STDs and also tourist behavior regarding their social conscious. However, the discussions and understanding of social dimension in STD and socially conscious behavior are still limited. This study aims to define a clear understanding and definition of social dimension of STD which in this study is referred as social sustainability and also a socially conscious tourist . Starting with exploring the aspect of social dimensions formulation and exploring clear definitions of social dimensions of STD's and socially conscious tourist. This study is an exploratory study that aims to explore the boundaries of social dimension of STD and to develop a construct of socially responsible tourist. This study is a qualitative approaches, which includes systematic literature review and Delphi method to obtain expert judgment to gather social dimension aspects of sustainable development, especially in STD. The results of this study are social dimension’s aspects of STD, an understanding of social sustainability and socially conscious tourist in STD.
Recommendations for Patient‐reported Outcome Measures for Head and Neck Cancer‐related Shoulder Dysfunction: A Systematic Review

Background: Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) often experience significant postoperative limitations in shoulder function and ability to participate in daily activities due to spinal accessory nerve (SAN) damage. Physical therapists must use valid and reliable outcome measures to quantify functional outcomes related to treatment of the shoulder. Purpose: As part of the activities of the Oncology Section Head and Neck EDGE Task Force, we report evidence‐based recommendations for patient‐reported outcome measures for patients with HNC‐related shoulder dysfunction. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review of shoulder outcome measures that are clinically feasible and relevant to the HNC patient population using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) model. Recommendations are based on the quality of psychometric properties, clinical feasibility, and previous use in HNC‐related research. Sixteen outcome measures were reviewed and five are recommended [Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), Neck Dissection Impairment Index (NDII), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), University of Washington Quality of Life (UW‐QOL) shoulder subscale, and QuickDASH] for use in the HNC population. Conclusions: There were strengths and weaknesses related to each of the recommended outcome measures. The DASH, QuickDASH and the SPADI demonstrate strong psychometric properties across multiple patient populations, but have been minimally used in the HNC population. The NDII and UW‐QOL were specifically developed for the HNC population but have not been fully tested. Further research should address the efficacy and appropriateness of these measures for use in patient populations presenting with shoulder dysfunction in the setting of HNC. Systematic Review Registration Number: PROSPERO CRD42013004898
A review of nonlinear Kalman filter appling to sensorless control for AC motor drives

—Sensorless control of AC motor drives, which takes the advantages of cost saving, higher reliability, and less hardware, has been developed for several decades. Among the existing speed sensorless control methods, nonlinear Kalman filter-based one has attached widespread attention due to its superb estimation accuracy and inherent resistibility to noise. However, the determination of noise covariance matrix and robustness of model uncertainties are still open issues in practice. A great number of studies try to solve these problems in resent years. This paper reviews the application of extended Kalman filter (EKF), unscented Kalman filter (UKF), and cubature Kalman filter (CKF) in speed sensorless control for AC motor drives. As an iterative algorithm, EKF has advantages in processor implementation. However, EKF suffers from the linearization error and model uncertainties when applying to sensorless control system. This paper presents the predominant improvements of EKF which is also applicative in UKF and CKF mostly.
Modèle de compréhension du besoin en information pour la RI conversationnelle

La RI repose sur un cadre standard qui interroge des collections de documents a partir d'un besoin en information exprime sous la forme d'un ensemble de mots-cles. Notre contribution vise a depasser ce paradigme habituel en traitant directement le besoin en information exprime en langage naturel pour tendre vers une nouvelle generation de systemes de RI axes sur l'aspect conversationnels (appeles aussi "search oriented conversational systems"). Une premiere etape reside alors dans la formulation de requetes a partir de besoins en information exprimes en langage naturel. Nous proposons dans ce papier un modele de formulation de requetes capable 1) d'apprendre la traduction des expressions en langage naturel en requetes de type mots-cles de maniere supervisee, et 2) d'injecter les retours de pertinence dans le pro-cessus d'apprentissage (apprentissage par renforcement). Pour pallier au manque de donnees d'apprentissage, nous considerons le modele de traduction comme un modele de selection de mots. Notre modele est evalue sur deux collections TREC demontrant ainsi son efficacite
The impact of video games on destination image

ABSTRACT Destination Marketing Organizations use a plethora of media to communicate with potential visitors, including advertisements and product placement in entertainment media. This experimental study compares the impact of playing Far Cry 5, a video game set in Montana, U.S., with printed materials and a movie on destination image and behavioural intentions. Despite their growing appeal and interactive nature, the video game group returned less positive ratings than those in other groups, including the control group. This suggests that tourism marketers should be mindful of the media’s intent and use of a destination’s imagery, especially when it comes to violent content.
Valutazione del self-care nelle persone con diabete di tipo 2: traduzione e validazione della Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Self-care assessment in type 2 diabetes patients: Italian translation and validation of the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities

Introduction. Self-care represents a key factor for diabetes patients to maintain quality of life and to prevent serious disease complications. Self-care standardized assessment tools are needed to evaluate and to promote self-care in diabetes patients. The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Scale (SDSCA) has been widely used in clinical and research settings and has been translated in many languages. Validity and reliability of this self-report scale were reported by several studies. However, SDSCA has not yet been translated, culturally adapted and tested in the Italian context. The aim of this methodological research was to translate and to provide a first validation study of the Italian SDSCA ‐ 11 item Version. Methods. A process of translation, backtranslation and semantic concordance evaluation has been performed in order to translate the SDSCA into Italian language in collaboration with the original authors. A cross-sectional survey has been planned to test internal consistency and test ‐retest reliability on a convenience sample of 80 type 2 diabetes patients. As secondary objective, SDSCA criterion validity has been explored referring to a range of clinical outcomes as glicated emoglobin and presence of complications. Results . A description of respondents’ self-care abilities is provided for the whole sample and for sub-groups by gender, age, instruction and income levels. Cronbach’s Alfa and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient showed acceptable values considering the multidimensionality of SDSCA. High values were obtained in 3 out of 5 sub-classes of items. As in previous studies, specific diet and physical exercise sub-classes showed limited internal consistency. Cohen’s Kappa Concordance Correlation Coefficient and t-test demonstrated high test-retest reliability of SDSCA. Overall SDSCA score did not show significant correlations with selected clinical outcomes; however 3 SDSCA single items significantly correlated with glicated emoglobin, complications and the clinical judgment of the diabetes case manager nurse. Conclusion. Further researches involving larger samples are needed to integrate data about Italian SDSCA performances, especially concerning construct and criterion validity. However, based on these preliminary results, SDSCA could find relevant applications in clinical settings to systematically evaluate, to compare over time and to improve specific self-care abilities of diabetes patients.