Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nurses’ and midwives’ experiences of providing group antenatal and postnatal care at 18 health centers in Rwanda: A mixed methods study

Background The East Africa Preterm Birth Initiative-Rwanda began a cluster randomized controlled trial of group antenatal care (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) in Rwanda in 2017. That trial will report its primary outcome, gestational length at birth, after data collection concludes in 2019. This nested study includes providers of ANC and/or PNC at the 18 health centers randomized to provide the group model of ANC/PNC and the 18 health centers randomized to continue providing ANC/PNC in the traditional, individual visit model. The objective of this study is to understand the experiences of providers of group ANC/PNC and compare their job satisfaction and perceived stress with individual ANC/PNC providers. Methods We collected both quantitative and qualitative data from providers (nurses and midwives) who were recruited by health center directors to participate as group ANC and PNC facilitators at intervention sites and from a similar number of providers of standard ANC and PNC at control sites. Quantitative data was collected with questionnaires administered at baseline and approximately 9 months later (follow up). Qualitative data was collected in 3 focus groups of group ANC/PNC providers conducted one year after group care began. Results Eighty-six percent of nurses and midwives surveyed who implemented group ANC and PNC reported that they prefer group care to the traditional individual model of ANC and PNC. Perceived stress levels and job satisfaction results were similar between groups. Mixed focus group discussions among both nurses and midwives experienced in group ANC and PNC suggest that the group model of care has advantages for both service beneficiaries and providers. When providers described implementation challenges, their peers in the focus groups offered them suggestions to cope and improve service delivery. Discussion These results are consistent with studies of providers of group ANC and PNC in other LMIC contexts with respect to the perceived benefits of group care. This study adds new insights into the ways peer providers can help one another solve implementation problems. When given the opportunity to meet as a group, these study participants offered one another peer support and shared knowledge about best practices for successful implementation of group ANC/PNC. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03154177.
Recipe1M+: A Dataset for Learning Cross-Modal Embeddings for Cooking Recipes and Food Images

In this paper, we introduce Recipe1M+, a new large-scale, structured corpus of over one million cooking recipes and 13 million food images. As the largest publicly available collection of recipe data, Recipe1M+ affords the ability to train high-capacity models on aligned, multimodal data. Using these data, we train a neural network to learn a joint embedding of recipes and images that yields impressive results on an image-recipe retrieval task. Moreover, we demonstrate that regularization via the addition of a high-level classification objective both improves retrieval performance to rival that of humans and enables semantic vector arithmetic. We postulate that these embeddings will provide a basis for further exploration of the Recipe1M+ dataset and food and cooking in general. Code, data and models are publicly available. <xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn"><sup>1</sup></xref><fn id="fn1"><label>1. </label><p><uri>http://im2recipe.csail. mit.edu</uri>. </p> </fn>
Droplet sliding: the numerical observation of multiple contact angle hysteresis.

Droplets sliding on surfaces always exhibits an advancing and a receding contact angles. When exert different driving forces on the droplet to force it to slide at different velocities, the droplet would alter its shape to adapt to the new motion. Hence, different advancing/receding contact angles are likely to be observed, leading to the multiple contact angle hysteresis on a given surface. To verify this hypothesis, many-body dissipative particle dynamics is employed to perform the sliding simulation on both chemically homogeneous and heterogeneous surfaces. By ensuring the droplet sliding in uniform motions under different driving forces, the advancing/receding contact angles are recorded for analysis. Simulation results show that for homogeneous surfaces, a bigger driving force can result in both larger advancing contact angle and smaller receding contact angle, while for heterogeneous surfaces, increasing the driving force only results in smaller receding contact angles. For both cases, multiple contact angle hysteresis can be observed. These observations are contrary to the currently prevailing opinion, which believes the contact angle hysteresis should be unique on given surfaces. Our findings would advance the understanding of wetting phenomena and possibly inspire new guidance for the design of functional interfaces.
CLIMATIC SUITABILITY OF SAN JOAQUIN KIT FOX (VULPES MACROTIS MUTICA) DENS FOR SARCOPTIC MANGE (SARCOPTES SCABIEI) TRANSMISSION

Abstract: More than 460 cases of sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) in endangered San Joaquin kit foxes (SJKF; Vulpes macrotis mutica) have been reported in Bakersfield, California, US. Because SJKF are a den-obligate species, their dens have been proposed as a route of transmission. We determined whether SJKF den temperatures and humidities could support mite off-host survival based on previously published estimates of off-host mite survival times. We monitored SJKF dens for 6 d in summer and winter of 2017 and 2018 using temperature- and humidity-sensing data loggers placed within the dens. Motion-triggered cameras monitored animal use of and entrances into the dens. Linear regression models were fitted to the published mite survival data to predict estimated mite survival time (EMST) in SJKF dens based on observed mean temperature and humidity of the den. Den covariates including irrigation, type of den, and season were then fitted to a mixed effects linear model to predict EMST. The average EMST across various habitats in Bakersfield was 4.8 d; the longest EMST was 7.1 d for dens in habitats with irrigated grass in the winter. Den climatic conditions in Bakersfield may support off-host mite survival through a timeframe adequate for revisitation by another fox. The finding that irrigation may enhance EMST suggested that risk to foxes varied with den type and that mitigation strategies may need to vary with den types.
Does liberalisation of cannabis policy influence levels of use in adolescents and young adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives To examine the effect of cannabis policy liberalisation (decriminalisation and legalisation) levels of use in adolescents and young adults. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Inclusion criteria Included studies were conducted among individuals younger than 25 years and quantitatively assessing consequences of cannabis policy change. We excluded articles: (A) exclusively based on participants older than 25 years; (B) only reporting changes in perceptions of cannabis use; (C) not including at least two measures of cannabis use; (D) not including quantitative data; and (E) reviews, letters, opinions and policy papers. PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and Web of Science were searched through 1 March 2018. Data extraction and synthesis Two independent readers reviewed the eligibility of titles and abstracts and read eligible articles, and four authors assessed the risk of bias (Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies). Extracted data were meta-analysed. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO. Results 3438 records were identified via search terms and four via citation lists; 2312 were retained after removal of duplicates, 99 were assessed for eligibility and 41 were included in our systematic review. 13 articles examined cannabis decriminalisation, 20 examined legalisation for medical purposes and 8 examined legalisation for recreational purposes. Findings regarding the consequences of cannabis decriminalisation or legalisation for medical purposes were too heterogeneous to be meta-analysed. Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggest a small increase in cannabis use among adolescents and young adults following legalisation of cannabis for recreational purposes (standardised mean difference of 0.03, 95% CI −0.01 to –0.07). Nevertheless, studies characterised by a very low/low risk of bias showed no evidence of changes in cannabis use following policy modifications. Conclusions Cannabis policy liberalisation does not appear to result in significant changes in youths’ use, with the possible exception of legalisation for recreational purposes that requires monitoring. Trial registration number CRD42018083950.
Robust Longitudinal Ankle Edema Assessment Using Wearable Bioimpedance Spectroscopy

Objective: We present a robust methodology for tracking ankle edema longitudinally based on bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS). Methods: We designed a miniaturized BIS measurement system and employed a novel calibration method that enables accurate, high-resolution measurements with substantially lower power consumption than conventional approaches. Using this state-of-the-art wearable BIS measurement system, we developed a differential measurement technique for robust assessment of ankle edema. This technique addresses many of the major challenges in longitudinal BIS-based edema assessment, including day-to-day variability in electrode placement, positional/postural variability, and intersubject variability. Results: We first evaluated the hardware in bench-top testing, and determined the error of the bioimpedance measurements to be 0.4 Ω for the real components and 0.54 Ω for the imaginary components with a resolution of 0.2 Ω. We then validated the hardware and differential measurement technique in: 1) an ex vivo, fresh-frozen, cadaveric limb model, and 2) a cohort of 11 human subjects for proof of concept (eight healthy controls and five subjects with recently acquired acute unilateral ankle injury). Conclusion: The hardware design, with novel calibration methodology, and differential measurement technique can potentially enable long-term quantification of ankle edema throughout the course of rehabilitation following acute ankle injuries. Significance: This could lead to better-informed decision making regarding readiness to return to activities and/or tailoring of rehabilitation activities to an individual's changing needs.
Domain-sensitive Recommendation with user-item subgroup analysis

In this paper, we propose a Domain-sensitive Recommendation (DsRec) algorithm, to make the rating prediction by exploring the user-item subgroup analysis simultaneously, in which a user-item subgroup is deemed as a domain consisting of a subset of items with similar attributes and a subset of users who have interests in these items. The proposed framework of DsRec includes three components: a matrix factorization model for the observed rating reconstruction, a bi-clustering model for the user-item subgroup analysis, and two regularization terms to connect the above two components into a unified formulation. Extensive experiments on three real-world datasets show that our method achieves the better performance over some state-of-the-art methods.
Introductory Biology in Social Context: The Effects of an Issues-Based Laboratory Course on Biology Student Motivation

We investigated the effects of a laboratory curriculum developed using the socio-scientific issues (SSI) framework to contextualize scientific and socially relevant issues for students. Using self-determination theory and hierarchical linear modeling, we examined the effects of the SSI curriculum relative to a control curriculum on student motivation in a large introductory biology course for life science majors. The SSI group had a significant increase in motivation for engaging in the laboratory work relative to motivation of the control group. Additionally, the SSI group showed higher levels of more autonomous forms of regulation concerning participation in laboratory tasks compared with the control group. Interestingly, the SSI-based curriculum seemed to have a buffering effect on typically observed decreases in student motivation over the course of a term. This buffering effect could potentially indicate greater self-determination in students experiencing an SSI-based curriculum, which could lead to greater student success and persistence. Qualitative data suggest that this increased motivation of the SSI group relative to the control group is due to enhanced feelings of relatedness experienced by students, likely due to the SSI.
A network architecture for distributed high performance heterogeneous computing

Network computing has the potential for dramatically increasing the amount of computing power available to large scale compute intensive applications. The authors describe a network architecture upon which a high performance distributed computing environment may be constructed. The architecture uses a specially designed time and wavelength division multiplexed (TWDM) optical passive star as the underlying high speed network. The network architecture is flexible enough to support the many different communication patterns of distributed applications by embedding a computation directly within the system hardware. <<ETX>>
The Motivational Factor in Educational Games

This study proposes a "motivational matrix", which can be applied to match every encountered attribute of educational software in general and educational games in particular in the literature to one (or more) factor of the ARCS model. The study presents this table, illustrates some important aspects as regards the mentioned attributes, states some research questions and proposes directions future research has to take into consideration, in order to elucidate the correct use of this matching by educational designers.
A multigigahertz clocking scheme for the Pentium(R) 4 microprocessor

Core and I/O clock design for the Pentium(R) 4 microprocessor is described. Two phase-locked loops generate core and I/O clocks supporting concurrent multiple frequencies. A clock distribution network with skew optimization and jitter reduction is designed to achieve low clock inaccuracies for processors at frequencies /spl ges/2 GHz for the core and /spl ges/4 GHz for the rapid execution engine. A global medium clock frequency is distributed. Local clock drivers generate pulsed or regular (nonpulsed) clocks at fast, medium, and slow frequencies. A 3.2-GB/s system bus is achieved using a dedicated I/O phase-locked loop with glitch protection and detection. Silicon speed path tools and clock debug features are designed to enable a short debug cycle.
Renal hyperfiltration defined by high estimated glomerular filtration rate: A risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality

Renal hyperfiltration, defined as an increased glomerular filtration rate above normal values, is associated with early phases of kidney disease in the setting of various conditions such as obesity and diabetes. Although it is recognized that glomerular hyperfiltration, that is, increased filtration per nephron unit (usually studied at low glomerular filtration levels and often referred to as single nephron hyperfiltration), is a risk factor for the progression of chronic kidney disease, the implications of having renal hyperfiltration for cardiovascular disease and mortality risk are incompletely understood. Recent evidence from diverse populations, including healthy individuals and patients with diabetes or established cardiovascular disease, suggests that renal hyperfiltration is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and all‐cause mortality. In this review, we critically summarize the existing studies, discuss possible mechanisms, and describe the remaining gaps in our knowledge regarding the association of renal hyperfiltration with cardiovascular disease and mortality risk.
TGStools: A Bioinformatics Suit to Facilitate Transcriptome Analysis of Long Reads from Third Generation Sequencing Platform

Recent analyses show that transcriptome sequencing can be utilized as a diagnostic tool for rare Mendelian diseases. The third generation sequencing de novo detects long reads of thousands of base pairs, thus greatly expanding the isoform discovery and identification of novel long noncoding RNAs. In this study, we developed TGStools, a bioinformatics suite to facilitate routine tasks such as characterizing full-length transcripts, detecting shifted types of alternative splicing, and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) identification in transcriptome analysis. It also prioritizes the transcripts with a visualization framework that automatically integrates rich annotation with known genomic features. TGStools is a Python package freely available at Github.
Clinical efficacy of therapeutic footwear with a rigid rocker sole in the prevention of recurrence in patients with diabetes mellitus and diabetic polineuropathy: A randomized clinical trial

Background Therapeutic footwear becomes the first treatment line in the prevention of diabetic foot ulcer and future complications of diabetes. Previous studies and the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot have described therapeutic footwear as a protective factor to reduce the risk of re-ulceration. In this study, we aimed to analyze the efficacy of a rigid rocker sole to reduce the recurrence rate of plantar ulcers in patients with diabetic foot. Methods Between June 2016 and December 2017, we conducted a randomized controlled trial in a specialized diabetic foot unit. Participants and intervention Fifty-one patients with diabetic neuropathy who had a recently healed plantar ulcer were randomized consecutively into the following two groups: therapeutic footwear with semi-rigid sole (control) or therapeutic footwear with a rigid rocker sole (experimental). All patients included in the study were followed up for 6 months (one visit each 30 ± 2 days) or until the development of a recurrence event. Main outcome and measure Primary outcome measure was recurrence of ulcers in the plantar aspect of the foot. Findings A total of 51 patients were randomized to the control and experimental groups. The median follow-up time was 26 [IQR—4.4—26.1] weeks for both groups. On an intention-to-treat basis, 16 (64%) and 6 (23%) patients in the control and experimental groups had ulcer recurrence, respectively. Among the group with >60% adherence to therapeutic footwear, multivariate analysis showed that the rigid rocker sole improved ulcer recurrence-free survival time in diabetes patients with polyneuropathy and DFU history (P = 0.019; 95% confidence interval, 0.086–0.807; hazard ratio, 0.263). Conclusions We recommend the use of therapeutic footwear with a rigid rocker sole in patients with diabetes with polyneuropathy and history of diabetic foot ulcer to reduce the risk of plantar ulcer recurrence. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02995863.
MCHMDA:Predicting Microbe-Disease Associations Based on Similarities and Low-Rank Matrix Completion

With the development of high-through sequencing technology and microbiology, many studies have evidenced that microbes are associated with human diseases, such as obesity, liver cancer, and so on. Therefore, identifying the association between microbes and diseases has become an important study topic in current bioinformatics. The emergence of microbe-disease association database has provided an unprecedented opportunity to develop computational method for predicting microbe-disease associations. In the study, we propose a low-rank matrix completion method (called MCHMDA) to predict microbe-disease associations by integrating similarities of microbes and diseases and known microbe-disease associations into a heterogeneous network. The microbe similarity is computed from Gaussian Interaction Profile (GIP) kernel similarity based on the known microbe-disease associations. Then, we further improve the microbe similarity by taking into account the inhabiting organs of these microbes in human body. The disease similarity is computed by the average of disease GIP similarity, disease symptom-based similarity, and disease functional similarity. Then, we construct a heterogeneous microbe-disease association network by integrating the microbe similarity network, disease similarity network, and known microbe-disease association network. Finally, a matrix completion method is used to calculate the association scores of unknown microbe-disease pairs by the fast Singular Value Thresholding (SVT) algorithm. Via 5-fold Cross Validation (5CV) and Leave-One-Out Cross Validation (LOOCV), we evaluate the prediction performances of MCHMDA and other state-of-the-art methods which include BRWMDA, NGRHMDA, LRLSHMDA, and KATZHMDA. On benchmark dataset HMDAD, the experimental results show that MCHMDA outperforms other methods in terms of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). MCHMDA achieves the AUC values of 0.9251 and 0.9495 in 5CV and LOOCV, respectively, which are the highest values among the competing methods. In addition, we also further indicate the prediction generality of MCHMDA on an expanded microbe-disease associations dataset (HMDAD-SUP). Finally, case studies prove the prediction ability in practical applications.
A Comparative Analysis Between Primary and Secondary Nasal Tip Drooping

Objective: Recently, many commercial one-piece alloplastic materials are used in nasal dorsum augmentation and increased nasal tip projection, but there is no study about their effects with regard to size on nasal shape so far. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of oversized one-piece alloplastic implant on nasal tip projection. Methods: We categorized nasal tip drooping as primary (group 1: no rhinoplasty or trauma history) and secondary (group 2: previous history of augmentation rhinoplasty with one-piece alloplastic materials), and retrospectively compared the characteristics of primary and secondary nasal tip drooping on the basis of pre- and postoperative rhinological parameters (nasolabial angle [NLA], rotation angle, nasofrontal angle [NFA], and Goode ratio). Results: A total of 50 patients were enrolled and completely reviewed. The mean age was 27.46 years (ranging from 19 to 49 years) in group 1 and 31.33 years (ranging from 20 to 47 years) in group 2. The postoperative NLA and rotation angle were not statistically different between 2 groups, but the postoperative NFA and postoperative Goode ratio were statistically different between 2 groups by independent t test. When we further performed univariate and multivariate analysis, the postoperative Goode ratio was the only factor that was significantly different between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Insertion of one-piece alloplastic implants from nasal tip glabella to dome of nasal tip may induce secondary nasal tip drooping. The degree of recovery of nasal tip projection is different between 2 groups and may be obtained by a more delicate surgical techniques.