Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Research on Weight Acquisition of Weighted Fuzzy Production Rules Based on Genetic Algorithm

In order to increase the knowledge representation power and improve generalization capability of fuzzy production rules (FPRs), a weighted FPRs (WFPRs), which incorporates the concepts of knowledge representation parameters (local weight, global weight and threshold), has been presented. However, the acquisition of these knowledge representation parameters is significant but difficult. This paper advances the weights acquisition of WFPRs by means of genetic algorithm (GA). First, a model based on GA is designed to obtain the local weights and the global weights of WFPRs; and then, the experiments on classification problem with continuous-valued attributes is performed. The experiments proved that the generalization capability of a fuzzy production system can be improved greatly by training and optimizing the weights with the use of GA, and verified the rationality and validity of the method sequentially
In vitro activity of rokitamycin, a new macrolide, against Borrelia burgdorferi

The activity of rokitamycin, a new macrolide with a 16-member ring, was tested against Borrelia burgdorferi in vitro. The antibiotic had a lower MIC at which 50% of the isolates are inhibited than erythromycin, the parent 14-member macrolide, but the same MIC at which 50% of the isolates are inhibited as the other recent 14- and 15-member macrolides, like clarithromycin and azithromycin. The MBC was equal to the MIC at which 50% of the isolates are inhibited, so rokitamycin can be considered bactericidal against B. burgdorferi. The sensitivity of the Borrelia strains tested was not correlated with the particular species Burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, and B. afzelii or with the number of subcultures of the isolates.
Network Function Virtualization

Network Function Virtualization provides an architectural, vendor-neutral level overview of the issues surrounding the large levels of data storage and transmission requirements needed for today's companies, also enumerating the benefits of NFV for the enterprise. Drawing upon years of practical experience, and using numerous examples and an easy-to-understand framework, authors Tom Nadeau and Ken Gary discuss the relevancy of NFV and how it can be effectively used to create and deploy new services. Readers will learn how to determine if network function virtualization is right for their enterprise network, be able to use hands-on, step-by-step guides to design, deploy, and manage NFV in an enterprise, and learn how to evaluate all relevant NFV standards, including ETSI, IETF, Openstack, and Open Daylight. Provides a comprehensive overview of Network Function Virtualization (NFV)Discusses how to determine if network function virtualization is right for an enterprise network Presents an ideal reference for those interested in NFV Network Service Chaining, NSC network address translation (NAT), firewalling, intrusion detection, domain name service (DNS), caching, and software defined networks Includes hands-on, step-by-step guides for designing, deploying, and managing NFV in the enterpriseExplains, and contrasts, all relevant NFV standards, including ETSI, IETF, Openstack, and Open Daylight
Therapeutic criteria in rheumatoid arthritis.

This report summarizes recommendations for uniform therapeutic criteria in rheumatoid arthritis. The need for such criteria arose from the recognition of the confusing language and standards found in the many therapeutic reports on this disease. In an effort to develop common standards for the evaluation of therapy in this condition, the Committee for Therapeutic Criteria of the New York Rheumatism Association was formed in 1945. A number of previous attempts had been made to establish some order in this subject. 1 One of the chief difficulties which confronted us was the varied language used in the body and conclusions of articles on therapy which did not lend themselves to any accurate appraisal. For example, in presenting their conclusions, writers reporting results employed such terms as excellent, good, improved, greatly improved, moderately improved, objectively improved and so on. Even investigators using the same methods of therapy have reported their results in
Clinicopathological Significance of the Proliferation Markers Ki67, RacGAP1, and Topoisomerase 2 Alpha in Breast Cancer

Objectives. The aims of this study are to evaluate expressions of Ki67, RacGAP1 (MgcRacGAP) and topoisomerase 2 alpha (TOP2a), the markers related with cell proliferation that have been proposed to affect the prognosis in the literature and correlate the results with clinicopathological parameters of breast cancer patients. Methods. Ki67, RacGAP1, and TOP2a antibodies were applied immunohistochemically to the tissue micrarray blocks of 457 female breast cancer patients. The results were correlated with clinical, prognostic, histopathological features, and other immunohistochemical findings (estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PR], HER2, cytokeratin [CK]5/6, CK14, epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR] and vimentin), statistically. Results. Ki67 expression demonstrated direct correlation with TOP2a expression, mitotic count, tumor grade, geographic necrosis, basal-like phenotype. RacGAP1 expression was directly correlated with TOP2a expression, nipple invasion, and number of metastatic lymph nodes, and it was inversely correlated with PR expression. TOP2a expression was directly correlated with vimentin and Ki67 expressions, mitotic count, tumor grade, and geographic necrosis, and nipple invasion, and negatively correlated with ER and PR expressions. Higher TOP2a and Ki67 expressions were correlated with shorter overall survival. Higher TOP2a expression and RacGAP1 positivity were directly correlated with shorter disease-free survival. Conclusion. This study showed that the overexpressions of Ki67, RacGAP1, and TOP2a affect the prognosis adversely, thus to develop target therapies against RacGAP1 and TOP2a as well as using Ki67 as a part of routine pathology practice might be beneficial in breast cancer therapy and prediction of prognosis.
Cardiorespiratory responses during cycle ergometer exercise with different ramp slope increments in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

OBJECTIVE The ramp exercise test has been widely used to evaluate cardiopulmonary responses to an incremental exercise load. This study was performed to clarify whether different slopes of the ramp exercise test influence exercise tolerance, exercise limiting factors, and respiratory pattern in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS We applied three different slopes (5 W/min, 10 W/min and 20 W/min) of the ramp exercise test in 9 patients with COPD and evaluated cardiopulmonary responses. RESULTS There were no significant differences in peak oxygen uptake, anaerobic threshold (AT), minute ventilation, heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation, expired tidal volume, or respiratory rate at the maximal load among the three different ramp exercises tested. AT could be determined in six of nine patients (67%) at the slope of 5 W/min, in 8/9 (89%) at the slope of 10 W/min, and in 9/9 (100%) at the slope of 20 W/min. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the ramp slope does not affect exercise tolerance, exercise limiting factors, or respiratory patterns and each of these ramp slopes is useful for the evaluation of COPD. Ramp slopes of 10 W/ min or 20 W/min should be appropriate for the determination of AT.
Latency Estimation-Based Data Delivery Scheme for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Data delivery is the most compelling issue for the applications in vehicular ad hoc networks. The characteristics of VAENTs such as highly dynamic topology and the road-constrained mobility pose great challenges for data delivery in vehicular ad hoc networks. In this paper, a latency estimation-based data delivery (LED) scheme is presented. According to the current location and the moving direction of the vehicles, LED calculates the expected delivery latency (EDL) of each vehicle and chooses the vehicle with the shortest EDL as the next hop to forward data. Simulation results show that LED performs better than VADD.
Strength in numbers: growth of Canadian clinician investigator training in the 21st century.

PURPOSE Enhancing clinician-investigator (CI) training at Canadian medical schools is urgently needed to bolster the dwindling work force of medical professionals carrying out patient-oriented research in a wide array of medical fields. The purpose of this study is to obtain, from the 15 Canadian medical schools that offer one or more CI training programs, data on the number of trainees, funding levels, attrition rates or other important metrics to evaluate the outcomes of such training efforts. METHODS All Canadian CI programs were surveyed to collect demographic information for the academic year 2010-2011 and compared this to historical data collected by the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada (AFMC) and MD/PhD program funding data from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). RESULTS Over the past decade, enrolment in Canadian CI training programs has increased approximately four-fold. Program-specific funding (CIHR) has also increased, but nearly 50% of MD/PhD trainees are still not supported through dedicated CIHR funding. CONCLUSION It is too early to know to what extent this increase in both CI and funding will sustain the workforce of Canadian researchers carrying out patient-oriented research. Monitoring of CI training demographics across Canada, beyond this baseline study, will be essential to measure outcomes from CI training programs and to guide response from funding bodies and policy-makers.
A normalized LLR soft information demapping method in DTMB system

This paper presents a normalized demapping method with application to the digital terrestrial multimedia broadcasting (DTMB) system. Normalized logarithm likelihood ratio (NLLR) soft information is computed using this new method in which a normalization factor is proposed. Two ways of determining this factor are illustrated and simulation results show that it performs well with comparison to other factors under 16QAM constellation in additive white gaussian noise (AWGN) and fading channels respectively.
Statistical Power Analysis for Construct Validity

Confirmatory factor analysis method is usually used in psychological surveys to evaluate the construct validity. But most of the researchers have been wasting their resources (e.g. effort, time, money) without power analysis at the beginning of their studies. The main purposes of this study are to analyze the statistical power, to estimate sample size for the confirmatory factor analysis model and to maximize the utility of the sources owned by the researchers. Monte Carlo Simulation is adopted to explore the power of the five-factor model. According to the result, the power is changed under different conditions. We found that the model has low power when the RMSEA value is closed to the alternative hypothesis’ RMSEA. That is, the lower RMSEA of model does not necessarily have high power. The change of power is very complex, because it is subject to a number of factors that are different sample size, different alternative hypothesis, different estimator and different model.
The case–crossover and case–time‐control designs in pharmacoepidemiology

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Transformation-Based Learning of Rules for Constraint Grammar Tagging

If we conceive of a Constraint Grammar as an ordered sequence of transformation rules of a particular kind – as reduction rules rather than replacement rules – the transformation-based learning method used to train Brill taggers can, with minor modifications, be used to train Constraint Grammar taggers as well. This paper makes a few observations based on this approach, and presents some initial and rather promising experimental results.
Above-threshold dissociation of H+2 in intense laser fields.

We present nonperturbative, time-independent calculations of the photodissociation rate of H{sup +}{sub 2} in intense laser fields. The energy distribution of the protons consists in a sequence of peaks evenly spaced by half the photon energy, all of equal width but of varying heights. They result from multiphoton absorption above the dissociation threshold, with equal sharing of the excess photon energy between H and H{sup +}. Surprisingly, the distribution of higher-energy peaks decreases with increasing intensity, due to stimulated free-free emission of the dissociating fragments. We also predict a sharp angular distribution of the protons along the electric field vector of a linearly polarized laser.
Chronic Management of Seizures in the Syndromes of Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy

Summary: As a group, idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs) have the highest rates of complete seizure control with medication. However, there are little evidence‐based data to guide drug choice for treatment. Examples of IGE include absence epilepsy, generalized tonic‐clonic epilepsy, and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Generalized epilepsies seem to be particularly vulnerable to seizure aggravation, and medications that are primarily effective against partial seizures are more commonly involved in seizure aggravation than other medications. A review of current research has shown that only a few medications can control IGE without potentially causing seizure aggravation. Broad‐spectrum antiepileptic drugs such as valproate (VPA), lamotrigine, and topiramate are extremely effective at controlling a variety of seizures without causing excessive seizure aggravation. Among these drugs, VPA has the longest clinical experience history and the largest body of published data.
The effect of peroral administration of toxic cyanobacteria on laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus var. alba).

OBJECTIVES The toxic cyanobacteria are a serious problem for water supply systems, recreation, and agriculture. Cyanobacteria produce numerous bioactive compounds including microcystins - the most studied cyanobacterial hepatotoxins. Only rare studies addressed realistic situation, i.e. impact of MCs accumulated in the fish tissues on the overall physiology. The aim of the present study was to provide a model simulation of the simple food chain for evaluation of impacts of cyanobacteria on the rat physiology under different exposure scenario. METHODS Experimental rats were fed with food with fish meat, which contained external additions of isolated microcystins as well as toxic cyanobacteria Microcystis, nontoxic cyanobacteria Arthrospira and green alga Chlorella. Subgroups of the animals were also challenged with a model antigen KLH to investigated immune-related parameters. We studied parameters of oxidative stress in the liver as levels of lipid peroxidation and glutathion levels. Series of hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters were also investigated. RESULTS Although considerable amounts of microcystins were administered to rats, all levels of MCs were under the detection limit (1 ng/g fresh weight) in the rat tissues using tandem LC/MS. Only some conjugates of microcystins with cystein and glutathion were detected in the rat liver exposed to Microcystis biomass (values were around the detection limit). Statistically significant depletion of body and liver weight was observed in groups with microcystin addition in comparison with all other groups. Rats exposed to MCs had stimulated immune system (showed higher antibody answer on administered antigen). Also modulation of some lymphocyte subpopulations was recorded with the most interesting observation of stimulated NK cell numbers in groups exposed to isolated toxins (but not to biomass containing the same toxin amount). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that oral exposure to microcystins in the diet may induce some detoxification responses and modulation of some hematological and immunological parameters.
Isolation and characterization of the PgDOF transcription factor in Platycodon grandiflorum

DNA binding with one finger (Dof) domain proteins are plant-specific transcription factors that are encoded by a multi-gene family in higher plants. A member of this gene family, PgDOF , was cloned from Platycodon grandiflorum . PgDOF was 489 bp in length and encoded 162 amino acids. The predicted protein contained 52 amino acids showing homology to the Dof domain and a putative nuclear localization signal near the carboxyl terminus. Alignment of sequences revealed that the DOF domain of PgDOF showed a 100% match to that of the Arabidopsis COG1 gene, which has been shown to negatively regulate phytochrome signaling. PgDOF was expressed highly in leaves and stems but at low levels in flowers and roots. In addition, PgDOF was shown to localize to the nucleus in transient expression assays in onion epidermal cells with the results confirmed in transgenic Arabidopsis .
Topical bupivacaine and etidocaine analgesia following fallopian tube banding

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of etidocaine and bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia after laparoscope sterilization. The study was performed in 22 healthy patients who received either one per cent etidocaine, 2 mg·kg−1, or bupivacaine 1.5 mg·kg−1 in a double-blind, randomized fashion. The local anaesthetic was dropped onto the fallopian tubes from uterus tofimbriae before tubal occlusion. To establish safety, blood concentrations of the parent drug and its metabolites were measured before application and at 1,3, 6, 10, 15, 30, 60 and l20 min. The mean peak concentrations were 501.8 ± 71.3 (SEM) for etidocaine with a range of 225 to 905 ng · ml−1. For bupivacaine, the mean peak concentration was 468 ± 73.8 SEM with a range from 191 to 1005 ng ·ml−1. The mean values are one eighth of the toxic convulsive dose for humans. Etidocaine was metabolized at a faster rate than bupivacaine with a rapid appearance of 2-amino-2′-butyroxylidide (ABX). The bupivacaine metabolite 2,6-pipecoloxylidide (PPX) was detected in low concentrations in the 60-minute samples. We conclude that the topical application of either etidocaine or bupivacaine is a safe procedure in the doses and concentrations used during general anaesthesia for laparoscopic tubal banding. RésuméLe but de cette étude est de comparer l’efficacisé et la sécurité de l’étidocaínt et de la bupivacaine pour l’analgésie postopératoire après ligature tubaire par laparoscopie. Cette étude comprend 22 patientes en bonne santé ayant reçu soit un pour cent Sétidocain, 2 mg·kg−1, ou de la bupivacaine 1,5 mg · kg−1 d’une façon radomisée à double insu. L’anesthésique fut mis sur les tubes de fallope à partir de t’utérus jusqu’aux franges avant la ligature tubaire. Afin d’établir la sécurité, les concentrotions sanguines du médicament et de ses métabolites ont été mesurées avant l’application età 1,3,6,10, 15, 30,60 et 120 minutes.Les concentrations maximales moyennes étaient de 501,8 ± 71,3 (SEM) pour l’ étidocaïne avec un écart de 225 à 905 ng · ml−1. Pour la bupivacaïne, la concentration maximale moyenne etait de 468 ± 73,8 SEM avec un écart de 191 à 1005 ng·ml−1. Les valeurs moyennes itaient de 1/8 de la dose toxique provoquant des convulsions chez les humains. L’ðidocaïne était métabolisée à un taux supérieur a la bupivacaïne avec une apparition rapide de la 2-amino-2′-butyroxylidide (ABX). La mitabolite de la bupivacaine 2,6-pipécoloxylidide (PPX) était détectée à des concentrations basses aux échantillons de 60 minutes. On conclut que l’application topique de l’étidocaïne ou de la bupivacaine est sécuritaire à des doses et des concentrations utilisées en anesthésie générale pour ligature tubaire.
A novel NMR instrument for the in-situ monitoring of the absolute polarization of laser-polarized 129Xe

A new fully digital and home-built NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectrometer working at very-low magnetic field (4.5 mT) is presented. This spectrometer was initially dedicated for the in situ measurement of the absolute polarization of hyperpolarized 129Xe. It allows detection and acquisition of NMR signals of proton (1H) at 190 kHz and of hyperpolarized xenon-129 (HP 129Xe) at 50 kHz. In this new NMR instrument, we replaced as much analog electronics as possible by digital electronic and software. Except for the power amplifier and the preamplifier, the whole system is digital. The transmitter is based on the use of a Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) board. The receiving board allows direct digitalization of the NMR signals thanks to an 8-bits analog-to-digital converter (ADC) clocked at 100 MHz. Decimation is preformed to dramatically improve the ADC resolution so as the final achieved effective resolution could be as high as 14-bits at 5 MHz sampling frequency. NMR signals are then digitally downconverted (DDC). Low-pass decimation filtering is applied on the base-band signals (I/Q) to enhance much more the dynamic range. The system requires little hardware. The transmitter and the receiver are controlled using Labview environment. It is a versatile, flexible and easy-to-replicate system. This was actually one of underlying ideas behind this development. Both 1H and hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR signals were successfully acquired. The system is used for the measurement of the absolute polarization of hyperpolarized 129Xe in hyperpolarizing experiments for the brain perfusion measurements. The high degree of flexibility of this new design allows its use for a large palette of other potential applications.
Teenage pregnancy antenatal and perinatal morbidity: Results from a tertiary centre in Greece

Abstract We present the experience of a tertiary referral hospital in Greece, evaluating obstetric and perinatal outcomes among teenage and average maternal age (AMA) women. We retrospectively assessed all singleton pregnancies during a twelve-month period (January–December 2012). A total of 1,704 cases were reviewed and divided into two groups: one of AMA mothers (20–34 years old) (1,460 women) and the other of teenage mothers (12–19 years old) (244 women). We observed significantly higher incidence rates of preterm births (p < 0.001), preterm premature rupture of the membranes (p < 0.001), gestational hypertension (p < 0.001), preeclampsia (p = 0.043) and Apgar scores < 7 at 5 min (p = 0.015) among teenage mothers. Antenatal surveillance was decreased among teenage mothers (p < 0.001), while rates of anaemia were higher (p < 0.001). Teenage pregnancy is accompanied by significant antenatal and perinatal complications that need specific obstetrical attention. Obstetricians should be aware of these complications in order to ameliorate the antenatal outcome of childbearing teenagers.
Median-LVQ for classification of dissimilarity data based on ROC-optimization

In this article we consider a median variant of the learning vector quantization (LVQ) classiﬁer for classiﬁcation of dissimilarity data. However, beside the median aspect, we propose to optimize the receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) instead of the classiﬁcation accuracy. In particular, we present a probabilistic LVQ model with an adaptation scheme based on a generalized Expectation-Maximization-procedure, which allows a maximization of the area under the ROC-curve for those dissimilarity data. The basic idea behind is the utilization of ordered pairs as a structured input for learning. The new scheme can be seen as a supplement to the recently introduced LVQ-scheme for ROC-optimization of vector data.