Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Construction of ddRADseq-Based High-Density Genetic Map and Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Trans-resveratrol Content in Peanut Seeds

Resveratrol (trans-3,4′,5-trihydroxystilbene) is a natural stilbene phytoalexin which is also found to be good for human health. Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), a worldwide important legume crop, is one of the few sources of human's dietary intake of resveratrol. Although the variations of resveratrol contents among peanut varieties were observed, the variations across environments and its underlying genetic basis were poorly investigated. In this study, the resveratrol content in seeds of a recombination inbred line (RIL) population (Zhonghua 6 × Xuhua 13, 186 progenies) were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method across four environments. Genotypes, environments and genotype × environment interactions significantly influenced the resveratrol contents in the RIL population. A total of 8,114 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified based on double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) reads. These SNPs were clustered into bins using a reference-based method, which facilitated the construction of high-density genetic map (2,183 loci with a total length of 2,063.55 cM) and the discovery of several chromosome translocations. Through composite interval mapping (CIM), nine additive quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resveratrol contents were identified on chromosomes A01, A07, A08, B04, B05, B06, B07, and B10 with 5.07–8.19% phenotypic variations explained (PVE). Putative genes within their confidential intervals might play roles in diverse primary and secondary metabolic processes. These results laid a foundation for the further genetic dissection of resveratrol content as well as the breeding and production of high-resveratrol peanuts.
COMPARISON OF BRAY-1 AND MEHLICH-3 TESTS IN HIGH PHOSPHORUS SOILS

Soil testing forms the basis for both agronomic recommendations and phosphorus (P) runoff risk assessment. Although several studies point to good linear correlations between Bray-1 and Mehlich-3 P in the agronomic soil test range, it is not known how these tests compare for soils that test very high in P and are of environmental concern. Our objectives were to determine the relationship between Mehlich-3 and Bray-1 P soil tests as affected by 1) P determination method: colorimetric or inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy; 2) soil type and pH (pH < 6.8 and pH ≥ 6.8); and 3) soil test P level. Soils were collected from 43 New York fields ranging from acidic to high pH soils with free CaCO3 (study 1) and 126 fields of a single farm with a long-term manure history (study 2). Bray-1 and Mehlich-3 P were linearly related independent of soil pH and detection method for soils with Mehlich-3icp less than 200 mg P kg−1 soil. For soils higher in P, concentrations in both the Bray-1 and Mehlich-3 extracts exceeded the linear portion of the standard curves of the colorimetric method (1:9 dilution). Without further dilution of the extract, the colorimetric method failed to identify an increase in environmentally available dissolved inorganic P. States that currently use colorimetric analyses for P runoff risk assessment will need to evaluate its performance on high P sites and ensure that dilution protocols are in place to accurately analyze soils with greater than 200 mg P kg−1 soil.
Ultraviolet-ozone jet cleaning process of organic surface contamination layers

To understand the ultraviolet (UV)-ozone jet cleaning process of organic surface contamination layers, adventitious hydrocarbon layers on Si, self-assembled octadecyltrichlorosilane monolayers on Si, and self-assembled C60H–(CH2)12–SH monolayers on Au were cleaned with pure ozone jet and UV irradiation. Cleaned surfaces were analyzed with in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. Ozone molecules could react with the unsaturated C–C bonds in self-assembled C60H–(CH2)12–SH monolayers on Au surfaces at room temperature. However, the saturated C–C bonds in OTS hydrocarbon molecules adsorbed on Au surfaces reacted not with ozone molecules but with oxygen radicals generated by the dissociation of ozone molecules under UV irradiation. For adventitious carbon contamination on Si surfaces, only a fraction could be cleaned by ozone at room temperature but it could be almost cleaned with UV-ozone jet.
Virus-Mediated Transient Expression Techniques Enable Functional Genomics Studies and Modulations of Betalain Biosynthesis and Plant Height in Quinoa

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), native to the Andean region of South America, has been recognized as a potentially important crop in terms of global food and nutrition security since it can thrive in harsh environments and has an excellent nutritional profile. Even though challenges of analyzing the complex and heterogeneous allotetraploid genome of quinoa have recently been overcome, with the whole genome-sequencing of quinoa and the creation of genotyped inbred lines, the lack of technology to analyze gene function in planta is a major limiting factor in quinoa research. Here, we demonstrate that two virus-mediated transient expression techniques, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and virus-mediated overexpression (VOX), can be used in quinoa. We show that apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) can induce gene silencing of quinoa phytoene desaturase (CqPDS1) in a broad range of quinoa inbred lines derived from the northern and southern highland and lowland sub-populations. In addition, we show that ALSV can be used as a VOX vector in roots. Our data also indicate that silencing a quinoa 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine 4,5-dioxygenase gene (CqDODA1) or a cytochrome P450 enzyme gene (CqCYP76AD1) inhibits betalain production and that knockdown of a reduced-height gene homolog (CqRHT1) causes an overgrowth phenotype in quinoa. Moreover, we show that ALSV can be transmitted to the progeny of quinoa plants. Thus, our findings enable functional genomics in quinoa, ushering in a new era of quinoa research.
Temperature-sensitive nanogels: poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) versus poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) are temperature-responsive polymers which show a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) around 32 °C in aqueous solutions. Nanogels based on these temperature sensitive polymers swell at low temperatures and collapse at high ones, showing a volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) near physiological temperature. This unique behavior makes these nanogels attractive for biotechnological applications. PNIPAM is the building block of a huge amount of nanogels reported in the literature. However, PVCL is especially interesting due to the fact that it is very stable against hydrolysis and biocompatible. In this mini-review, various synthesis procedures together with the functionalization of different PNIPAM- and PVCL-based nanogels are revised and compared.
Surface-tension properties of novel phosphocholine-based fluorinated surfactants

Surface- and interface-tension properties of novel fluorinated surfactants containing a phosphocholine group were studied using the Wilhelmy and spinning-drop methods. Using a conventional cationic fluorinated surfactant, we found that the values coming from the Wilhelmy method are not always accurate due to the effect of the wetting angle. The novel fluorinated surfactants show high surface activity not only in water but also in organic solvents such as m-xylene and methanol. They seem to be more effective in reducing the surface tension at low pH values. The novel fluorinated surfactants are also effective in reducing the interfacial tension between water and hydrocarbon oil.
One-Step Synthesis of Graphene−Cobalt Hydroxide Nanocomposites and Their Electrochemical Properties

The well-documented novel performances of graphene make it a potential candidate for a wide range of utilizations, driving research into exploiting unusual properties of this wonder material. This paper reports a facile soft chemical approach to fabricate graphene−Co(OH)2 nanocomposites in a water−isopropanol system. Generally the depositing agent (OH−) and some reducing agents (such as HS− and H2S) could be produced from the hydrolyzation of Na2S in aqueous solution. Therefore utilizing Na2S as a precursor could enable the occurrence of the deposition of Co2+ and the deoxygenation of graphite oxide (GO) at the same time. Remarkably the electrochemical specific capacitance of the graphene−Co(OH)2 nanocomposite reaches a value as high as 972.5 F·g−1, leading to a significant improvement in relation to each individual counterpart (137.6 and 726.1 F·g−1 for graphene and Co(OH)2, respectively). The feeding ratios between Co(OH)2 and graphene oxide have a pronounced effect on their electrochemical activities.
Separation of Boron Isotopes. I. Boron Trihalide Addition Compounds

Isotopic separation factors for several gas‐liquid systems for concentrating boron isotopes have been determined. Separation factors at 25°C are: System(B10/B11) liq/(B10/B11) gasBF3(g) vs anisole·BF3 (liq.)1.032±0.011 (95% C.I.)BF3(g) vs di−n−butyl sulfide·BF3 (liq.)1.033±0.005 (95% C.I.)BF3(g) vs phenol·BF3 (liq.)1.027±0.014 (95% C.I.) Separation factors for a number of BCl3‐organic systems have also been studied, and a new compound (C6H5)2O·BCl3 has been prepared and characterized.
A Streamflow Threshold Determination Method for Hydrologic Model Calibration and Verification

Identification of the type and characteristics of streamflow in a watershed is the key to the development of most appropriate water infrastructure. Though these features are watershed specific, the current practice is to capture the details using generalized thresholds. Considering the importance of optimal resource use, present-day water engineers must resort to methodologies that enable the determination of streamflow thresholds of a watershed by making use of watershed signatures. In the present work, a watershed hydrology-based method to capture the high, intermediate and low streamflow thresholds is presented with a demonstration using data of the Kalu Ganga basin of Sri Lanka. The acceptability of thresholds is established by application and supported with literature quoted practice. Repeatability of the method is successfully confirmed by application at Gin Ganga basin of Sri Lanka for two different data lengths and two temporal resolutions. Described method conjunctively evaluates the consistent streamflow segments and average slope of the flow duration curve to determine the thresholds which are watershed signatures for a particular temporal resolution. This dependence on temporal resolution while highlighting the importance of using appropriate thresholds for meaningful hydrologic model evaluations, cautions the use of traditional methods based on generalized thresholds. Proposed method is a versatile tool for model development with specific objectives such as water allocation, regulation, flood management, water extraction or environmental flow maintenance. Identification of thresholds using this method builds the confidence of practicing engineers when using design safety factors for streamflow.
Pengaruh Intellectual Capital terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi Syariah Masjid MUI Kota Bandung

Abstract. This research aims to analyze the effect of Intellectual Capital on the financial performance of the Islamic Mosque MUI Cooperative in Bandung City in the period 2015-2019, in this study the independent variables measured using VAIC (Value Added Intellectual Capital) consist of 3 variables namely VACA (Value Added Capital Employe), VAHU (Value Added Human Capital) and STVA (Structural Capital Value Added), while the dependent variable measured is measured by financial performance using Profitability ROA (Return On Asset) and ROE (Return On Equity). This study uses multiple regression analysis, with data processing using SPSS 20.0. Simultaneous research results show that VAIC only significantly influences ROA. And no significant effect on ROE. The results also showed that VACA significantly affected ROA. Keywords: Value Added Intellectual Capital (VAIC), Return On Asset (ROA) Return On Equity (ROE) Abstrak. Peneitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Intllectual Capital terhdap kinerja keuangan Koperasi Syariah Masjid MUI Kota Bandung periode 2015-2019, pada penelitian ini variabel independen diukur menggunakan VAIC ( Value Added Intellectual Capital ) terdiri dari 3 variabel yaitu VACA ( Value Added Capital Employe ), VAHU ( Value Added Human Capital ) dan STVA ( Structural Capital Value Added ), sedangkan variabel dependen diukur diukur dengan kinerja keuangan menggunakan Profitabilitas ROA ( Return On Asset ) dan ROE ( Return On Equity ). Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi berganda, dengan pengolahan data menggunakan SPSS 20.0. Hasil penelitian secara simultan menunjukan bahwa VAIC hanya berpengaruh secara signifikan terhdap ROA. Dan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap ROE. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukan bahwa VACA berpengrauh secara signifikan terhadap ROA. Kata Kunci: Value Added Intellectual Capital (VAIC), Return On Asset ( ROA) Return On Equity (ROE)
An Expert System for selection of protein purification processes : experimental validation

A hybrid Expert System has been implemented for selecting the optimum sequence of operations for purification of proteins. Two criteria were implemented to select the optimum sequence of purification. One of these uses the selection separation coefficient (SSC criterion) and the other uses the final level of purity (Purity criterion). The sequences suggested by the Expert System have been tested experimentally in two cases: with a model protein mixture and with the purification of β-1,3-glucanase from recombinant Bacillus subtilis culture. In both cases the sequences suggested were tested experimentally and gave very good agreement with the predicted purification. With the model protein mixture it was shown that the sequences suggested by the Purity criterion have fewer steps than those suggested by the SSC criterion.
Sorption of Cm(III) onto different Feldspar surfaces: a TRLFS study

Summary The pH dependent sorption of Cm(III) onto alkali Feldspars (albite and orthoclase) is investigated by time resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) in the pH range from 3.4 to 9.4. Three single components are calculated from the raw spectra for both feldspar systems. The first component which corresponds to the Cm(III) aquo ion has a peak maximum at 593.8 nm and a fluorescence emission lifetime of 68±4 μs. This lifetime corresponds to a Cm(III) coordination of nine water molecules in the first coordination sphere of the actinide ion. The second component with a peak maximum at 601.4 nm corresponds to an adsorbed species. Its lifetime of 107±3 μs indicates a reduction of coordinating H2O/OH− ligands from nine to five caused by inner-sphere complex formation. The third component (603.6 nm) can be attributed to another sorption species. The corresponding lifetime is again 107±3 μs. Hence the number of coordinating ligands remains constant while the ligand field changes caused by the hydrolysis of the sorbed Cm(III). In a further set of experiments the Cm(III) sorption onto albite which is altered at pH 6.0 and pH 9.0 is also investigated by TRLFS. Independent of the dissolution and different surface morphologies caused by the alteration process the same Cm(III) species are formed as found for the sorption onto the untreated albite surface. With regard to the clarification of a feldspar dissolution mechanism the TRLFS results of the Cm(III) sorption onto altered feldspar surfaces give no evidence for a dissolution-reprecipitation based alteration mechanism.
Adsorption Mechanism of Cr(VI) onto Coir Pith

ABSTRACT Reductive adsorption of Cr(VI) on coir pith (hereafter CP) was examined as a function of pH, ionic strength, and temperature. The CP contains 1.33 meq g− 1 phenolic, 0.43 meq g− 1 of lactonic, and 0.35 meq g− 1 carboxylic sites. Thus the CP surface is enriched with electron-donating oxygen functionalities. As evidenced by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, the Cr(VI) → Cr(III) conversion is facilitated by CP sites that are enriched with O─ O functional groups. The adsorption of reduced Cr(VI) was found to occur via C─ O─ functional groups first forming innersphere complexes with the CP surface, yielding keto (> C═ O) groups on the CP surface. The reductive adsorption of Cr(VI) was almost completed within 3 to 4 h, and it was dependent on pH and background ionic strength, yielding the highest monolayer coverage (9.56E-7 mol m− 2) at pH 3.7 in 0.1 M NaNO3. The ΓCr(III) followed the order with respect to the ionic strength: Γ0.1 M > Γ0. 01 M > Γ0. 001 M. The initial rate constant, k i , increased with temperature as k i 313 K > k i 303 K > k i 293 K > k i 283 K.
A sensitive and selective sensor‐coated molecularly imprinted sol–gel film incorporating β‐cyclodextrin‐multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and cobalt nanoparticles‐chitosan for oxacillin determination

A sensitive and selective imprinted electrochemical sensor for the determination of oxacillin was developed based on indium tin oxide electrode. The proposed sensor was decorated with imprinted sol–gel film and cobalt nanoparticles‐chitosan/β‐cyclodextrin‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites. The surface morphologies of the modified electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscope. The stepwise assembly process and electrochemical behavior of the novel sensor were characterized by differential pulse voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry and Amperometric i‐t response. The imprinted sensor displayed excellent selectivity toward oxacillin. Meanwhile, the introduced cobalt nanoparticles‐chitosan and β‐cyclodextrin‐multi‐walled carbon nanotubes exhibited noticeable amplified electrochemical response signal. The differential voltammetric anodic peak current was linear to oxacillin concentration in the range from 2.0 × 10−7 to 1.0 × 10−4 mol·l−1, and the detection limit was 6.9 × 10−9 mol·l−1. The proposed imprinted sensor was applied to the determination of oxacillin in human blood serum samples successfully. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Separation Study of Palladium through a Bulk Liquid Membrane Containing Thioridazine·HCl and Oleic Acid

A chloroform membrane system containing a given mixture of thioridazine·HCl and oleic acid was applied for the uphill transport of Pd2+ ions. In an HCl medium of pH 2 the ligand can form a stable complex with Pd(II) which is readily extractable in the membrane phase. In the presence of nitrite ion as a suitable stripping agent in the receiving phase, the amount of palladium transported across the liquid membrane after 120 minutes is 96.3 ± 2.5%. The selectivity and efficiency of Pd2+ transport from aqueous solutions containing other cations such as K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, and Al3+ ions were investigated. It was found that none of these cations interfere with palladium transport, even at a M n+/Pd2+ molar ratio of 100.
Computer simulation of interlayer water in 2:1 clays

Monte Carlo computer simulation has been used to study water confined between the layers of 2:1 clay minerals. The model systems are based on natural Mg and Na smectites. The simulation cells contain one clay layer, 64 water molecules and four magnesium or eight sodium interlayer cations. These atoms and molecules interact with each other through a new set of effective pair potentials, which we discuss. The calculations are conducted in constant (N,p,T) ensembles, at T=300 K and with a uniaxial pressure, p, of 1 M Pa applied normal to the clay sheets. All the molecules, including the clay sheets, are therefore allowed to move during the simulations. The calculated equilibrium layer spacing is 14.7±0.1 A with interlayer Mg2+ and 14.2±0.1 A with interlayer Na+. These spacings compare with experimental values of 15.1 A and 14.5 A, measured for Mg and Na saturated Chambers montmorillonite, at 79% relative humidity. The corresponding densities and average potential energies of the interlayer water molecules ar.
Dichlorvos concentrations in the air of houses arising from the use of dichlorvos PVC strips

Trials have been carried out in order to determine the concentrations of dichlorvos that occur in the air of houses when “VAPONA” strips are placed under conditions of normal domestic use. The ten trials were conducted in the U.K., Australia and France in the years 1967 to 1970. Two trials were also carried out in the U.K. with a shorter, slightly thicker product [6.5 in strip (16.5 cm)] of the same basic formulation. Samples of air were taken at regular intervals throughout the 3 or 4 month period of each trial and the samples were analysed for dichlorvos by an enzyme inhibition – ΔpH method. The results from more than 3000 samples of air showed that the great majority of values (97.2%) were 0.1 μg dichlorvos per litre of air or less. Values ranged from less than 0.01 μg/1 to 0.24 μg/l, the higher concentrations being associated with houses closed because of the absence of the householders or with several strips in place in the house, or both. In each trial the dichlorvos concentration in the air rose rapidly and then fell exponentially. In temperate area trials, the concentration was at its highest 1 to 2 weeks after placing the strips, the geometric mean of all the values at this time being 0.04 μg/1 and 3 months after placement the mean concentration was 0.01 μg/1. In the two trials with the 6.5 in (16.5 cm) product, concentrations in air were in one of these no different and in the other slightly lower than from the 10 in (25.4 cm) strip, the rate of decline of the concentrations of dichlorvos being the same in both trials. Observation strongly suggests that ventilation is the most important factor in determining the level of dichlorvos in the air of a room. In the trials in Brisbane, Australia, where houses are constructed to allow a flow of air and where doors and windows are open day and night, concentrations of dichlorvos were low initially and quickly fell below the limit of determination. The effect of increased ambient temperature is to increase the rate of emission of dichlorvos from the strip. However, in general, it seems that the increased ventilation associated with higher temperatures outweighed the increased rate of emission of insecticide since concentrations in air tended to fall with increasing temperature. Some rooms, especially kitchens, are smaller than the volume recommended for placement of strips (30 m3 per strip). However, statistical analysis of the results shows that initial concentrations in kitchens are no higher than in other rooms, and that the rate of decline of concentrations in kitchens is significantly higher than in other rooms.
Continuum between Sorption and Precipitation of Fe(III) on Microbial Surfaces

Bacteria are a widespread, abundant, geochemically reactive component of aquatic environments. However, their role in the formation of secondary reactive surface phases such as iron oxides or in the direct sorption of metal contaminants has yet to be quantitatively described. Here, we compare the formation of iron oxides on bacterial cell surfaces to their formation abiotically (no bacteria present) over a range of both Fe(III) concentration (10-2−10-4.5 M) and pH (2−4.5) in the laboratory. Iron sorption and subsequent precipitation reactions at bacterial surfaces were modeled using current geochemical approaches. Solid-phase partitioning of Fe(III) as hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) was enhanced in the presence of a variety of bacteria over that seen in abiotic controls. The onset of HFO formation occurred at lower pH values and in greater quantities at any given pH in the bacterial treatments. Fe(III) reactions at bacterial surfaces follow a clear continuum between sorption and precipitation that can be quan.