Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A TaOx based threshold switching selector for the RRAM crossbar array memory

Suppressing the sneak current in the crossbar array is a great challenge for the high-density integration of RRAM. In this paper, a novel threshold switching selector device with the simple structure of Pt/TaOx/Pt is proposed for RRAM application. The measured data shows that this device exhibits good selector characteristics, such as tight cycle to cycle distribution of switching voltage, good resistance uniformity and abrupt switching properties with no hysteresis phenomenon. The conductive current of the selector is induced mainly by the Schottky emission mechanism. And the threshold switching phenomenon may be caused by the electrical breakdown of the defective TaOx film. The threshold switching selector shows a great potential for the high-density RRAM application.
Adaptive Access Class Barring Method for Machine Generated Communications

Cellular network is provisioned to serve traffic demands generated by human being. The random access channel used for nodes to compete for a connection with an eNB is limited. Even though machines generate very small amount of data traffic, the signaling channel of a network becomes overloaded and collisions occur to fail the access if too many MTC (Machine Type Communication) devices attempt to access network. To tackle the issue, 3GPP specifies an access class barring but leaves a specific algorithm as an implementation issue. In this paper, we propose an adaptive access barring method. Generally, an eNB does not know the number of MTC devices in its coverage area. Thus, it is difficult to control the barring factor by predicting the number of MTC devices in a service area of a cell. On the contrary, we control the barring factor based on the prediction of access intensity which can be measured at an eNB. Simulation results show that since the proposed method can manipulate the barring factor autonomously according to the access intensity, it is superior to the original method in terms of the access success probability and the collision probability.
De-Interlacing Algorithm Using Weighted Least Squares

This paper presents a weighted least squares-based intrafield de-interlacing algorithm. First, we formulate the estimation of the missing pixels as a maximum a posteriori (MAP) framework. We deduce the weighted least squares structure from MAP based on the analysis of the statistic model of the original high-resolution images and the associated statistical model of the given low-resolution images and original high-resolution images. The weights affect the estimation of the statistical model. We also design adaptive weights to match regions with different properties. The method is compared with other de-interlacing algorithms in terms of PSNR and SSIM objective quality measures and de-interlacing speed. It was found to provide excellent performance and the best quality-speed tradeoff among the methods studied.
Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing: comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp.

OBJECTIVE Several methods have been proposed to evaluate insulin sensitivity from the data obtained from the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). However, the validity of these indices has not been rigorously evaluated by comparing them with the direct measurement of insulin sensitivity obtained with the euglycemic insulin clamp technique. In this study, we compare various insulin sensitivity indices derived from the OGTT with whole-body insulin sensitivity measured by the euglycemic insulin clamp technique. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this study, 153 subjects (66 men and 87 women, aged 18-71 years, BMI 20-65 kg/m2) with varying degrees of glucose tolerance (62 subjects with normal glucose tolerance, 31 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, and 60 subjects with type 2 diabetes) were studied. After a 10-h overnight fast, all subjects underwent, in random order, a 75-g OGTT and a euglycemic insulin clamp, which was performed with the infusion of [3-3H]glucose. The indices of insulin sensitivity derived from OGTT data and the euglycemic insulin clamp were compared by correlation analysis. RESULTS The mean plasma glucose concentration divided by the mean plasma insulin concentration during the OGTT displayed no correlation with the rate of whole-body glucose disposal during the euglycemic insulin clamp (r = -0.02, NS). From the OGTT, we developed an index of whole-body insulin sensitivity (10,000/square root of [fasting glucose x fasting insulin] x [mean glucose x mean insulin during OGTT]), which is highly correlated (r = 0.73, P < 0.0001) with the rate of whole-body glucose disposal during the euglycemic insulin clamp. CONCLUSIONS Previous methods used to derive an index of insulin sensitivity from the OGTT have relied on the ratio of plasma glucose to insulin concentration during the OGTT. Our results demonstrate the limitations of such an approach. We have derived a novel estimate of insulin sensitivity that is simple to calculate and provides a reasonable approximation of whole-body insulin sensitivity from the OGTT.
Thrombin-Based Antithrombin Assays Show Overestimation of Antithrombin III Activity in Patients on Heparin Therapy due to Heparin Cofactor II Influence

Summary An extensive comparison has been performed on the clinical chemistry automate Hitachi 717 between thrombin-and Factor Xa-based methods for determination of antithrombin III activity. In 460 patients who did not receive any heparin therapy the agreement between assays was in general close although the thrombin-based methods resulted in slightly higher assignments of 0.3—2.6% antithrombin III activity. The discrepancy was, however, substantial in plasmas from patients receiving heparin of >20000 IU/day, resulting in plasma levels of heparin of 0.8-1.2 IU/ml. Thus, analysis of 102 patients showed that the thrombin-based methods resulted in, on average, 7-16% higher assignment of antithrombin III activity as compared to the Factor Xa-based method used. Addition of antibodies to antithrombin III and heparin cofactor II revealed that the discrepancy was primarily due to contribution of heparin cofactor II activity in the thrombin-based methods. The results thus suggest that the Factor Xa-based antithrombin III activity method provides more valid results in patients on heparin therapy.
New Fiber Configuration for Intravenous Gas Exchange

Implantation of a membrane oxygenator (IO) into the vena cava for blood oxygenation in patients with acute lung failure has been researched for the last 25 years. Compared to the extra corporeal blood oxygenation, where blood is handled outside the body, IO doesn't present tubes, housings or heat exchangers, thus reducing considerably blood contact surface and setting priming volume to zero. Otherwise, restricted space in the vena cava and unadvantageous blood flow conditions represent so far a limitation for sufficient gas exchange. A new fiber configuration for intravenous use is being developed, which increases the implantable fiber surface and enhances gas exchange due to the increased blood convection. This is made possible by new fiber bundles, which are free to slide on a catheter and after implantation assume a twisted shape characterized by high homogeneity and fiber density.
Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging in Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary artery hypertension is a rare disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Initial and serial noninvasive assessment of these patients can be accomplished with transthoracic echocardiography and/or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. These complementary techniques provide the structural and functional information required to care for patients with pulmonary artery hypertension and are discussed in this review.
Adaptor plasmids simplify the insertion of foreign DNA into helper-independent retroviral vectors

We have previously described several helper independent vector constructions (S. Hughes and E. Kosik, Virology 136:89-99, 1984; J. Sorge and S. H. Hughes, J. Mol. Appl. Genet. 1:547-599, 1982; J. Sorge, B. Ricci, and S. Hughes, J. Virol. 48:667-675, 1983), all of which derive from Rous sarcoma virus. In this report we describe three improvements in the earlier constructions. First, the vectors have been restructured as proviruses, which considerably improves the efficiency of virus production following acute transfection. Second, a series of miniplasmids have been developed, which we call adaptors, and these miniplasmids can be used to convert virtually any DNA segment into a ClaI fragment suitable for insertion into the retroviral (or other) vectors. Adaptors have been developed that supply regions of functional significance, including a splice acceptor and an initiator ATG. Finally, the region of env defining subgroup specificity, A in the original vectors, has been substituted by the corresponding regions of subgroup B and D viruses, giving vectors with additional subgroup specificities and increased host ranges.
Imaging Evidence and Recommendations for Traumatic Brain Injury: Advanced Neuro- and Neurovascular Imaging Techniques

Beyond the initial noncontrast CT, patients with brain trauma may be subjected to a variety of imaging studies. Here, the working group from the ACR Head Injury Institute discusses the use of these advanced imaging methods. SUMMARY: Neuroimaging plays a critical role in the evaluation of patients with traumatic brain injury, with NCCT as the first-line of imaging for patients with traumatic brain injury and MR imaging being recommended in specific settings. Advanced neuroimaging techniques, including MR imaging DTI, blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI, MR spectroscopy, perfusion imaging, PET/SPECT, and magnetoencephalography, are of particular interest in identifying further injury in patients with traumatic brain injury when conventional NCCT and MR imaging findings are normal, as well as for prognostication in patients with persistent symptoms. These advanced neuroimaging techniques are currently under investigation in an attempt to optimize them and substantiate their clinical relevance in individual patients. However, the data currently available confine their use to the research arena for group comparisons, and there remains insufficient evidence at the time of this writing to conclude that these advanced techniques can be used for routine clinical use at the individual patient level. TBI imaging is a rapidly evolving field, and a number of the recommendations presented will be updated in the future to reflect the advances in medical knowledge.
Piezoresistive pressure sensor with dual-unit configuration for on-chip self-compensation and suppression of temperature drift

With our developed MIS (Microholes Inter-etch & Sealing) micromachining process that is implemented only from the front-side of single-side polished (111) silicon wafers, a novel piezoresistive pressure sensing unit and another identically structured pressure-insensitive dummy unit are on-chip integrated compactly to eliminate unbalance factors induced temperature-drift by mutual compensation between the two units. In addition, the two units are both suspended from silicon substrate to suppress the packaging-stress. The high-performance pressure sensors are low-cost fabricated in a single (111)-wafer by repeatedly using the single-sided MIS process. The tested ultra-low TCO (temperature coefficient of offset) of 0.002%/°C·FS (-40°C to +125°C) well verifies the highly stable performance of the developed sensor structure.
Near-Field Analysis of Electromagnetic Interactions in Antenna Arrays Through Equivalent Dipole Models

This paper presents an analysis of the near fields of antenna arrays using an alternative approach taking into account field variations due to mutual coupling. The method does not require solving Maxwell's equations under the customary boundary condition, but is based instead on searching for equivalent dipole models that are capable of reproducing the same radiated fields of the actual array (ideally obtained through accurate measurement.) We treat mutual coupling between array elements as essentially a multiple scattering effect and propose a method to calculate the near field of arbitrary linear arrays with significant electromagnetic coupling. It is found that a single (analytical) dipole model obtained under certain circumstances, which are detailed in the paper, can be used to predict correctly the near field radiated by arbitrary-size antenna arrays. The paper ends by developing an application of the equivalent dipole method by expanding the near fields into a sum of propagating and nonpropagating parts. It is shown that the 3-D spatial Fourier transform required in this expansion can be eliminated when the dipole model is used in computing the near field in the domain of the validity of the model.
Distilling provider-independent data for general detection of non-technical losses

Non-technical losses (NTL) in electricity distribution are caused by different reasons, such as poor equipment maintenance, broken meters or electricity theft. NTL occurs especially but not exclusively in emerging countries. Developed countries, even though usually in smaller amounts, have to deal with NTL issues as well. In these countries the estimated annual losses are up to six billion USD. These facts have directed the focus of our work to the NTL detection. Our approach is composed of two steps: 1) We compute several features and combine them in sets characterized by four criteria: temporal, locality, similarity and infrastructure. 2) We then use the sets of features to train three machine learning classifiers: random forest, logistic regression and support vector vachine. Our hypothesis is that features derived only from provider-independent data are adequate for an accurate detection of non-technical losses. We used Area Under the Receiver-operating Curve (AUC) to assess the results.
Mediengewalt, Lebenswelt und Persönlichkeit - eine Problemgruppenanalyse bei Jugendlichen

A cross-sectional study analyzed central influences on aggression, disposition to violence, and peacefulness of students in grades 5-10 of the lowest track of the tri-partite German school system (Hauptschule). Variables were included from the domains exposure to media violence, social context, personality, and emotional reactions to violence on screen and in reality. An additional aspect was the influence of low family income. The analysis was based on the General Aggression Model of Anderson and Bushman. Influences inducing aggression were summarized in 7 factors: (1) Frequency of viewing media violence, (2) prevailing emotional reactions of the viewers, (3) violence-related beliefs, (4) hatred, rage, and vengeance in response to peer-group violence, (5) parents' TV-viewing patterns, (6) hatred, rage, and vengeance in response to parental violence, (7) students' materialistic values. Comparisons of subgroups and path analyses confirmed that frequency of viewing media violence and characteristic forms of emotional responding to real and fictional violence were key factors for the generation of aggression. The most important factors for disposition to peace fulness were communication in the family, media education, and social skills of the students.
[Consequences and prediction of hamstring muscle injury with concentric and eccentric isokinetic parameters in elite soccer players].

OBJECTIVE To know if isokinetic parameters identify previous hamstring (H) injury and predict a new muscle injury in high-level soccer player. METHOD Concentric (con) and eccentric (ecc) isokinetic torque was measured at the angular speed of 60 degrees /s in 28 elite soccer players (23 years +/- 3.3; 74 kg +/- 7.5; 178 cm +/- 6.5). First, 11 players, victims of 15 moderate or major hamstring injuries in the preceding 2 years, were compared with 17 players without previous hamstring injury. Comparisons were carried out from isokinetic knee flexors-extensors ratios [Hcon/Qcon and Hecc/Qcon] and bilateral knee flexors ratios [Hcon/Hcon and Hecc/Hecc]. Secondly, all the population was followed during 12 months and the isokinetic muscular profile of players who presented a recurrence or a new hamstring muscle injury was analysed. RESULTS A concentric ratio hamstring-to-quadriceps lower than 0.6 and a hamstring asymmetry of more than 10% do not allow to identify previous hamstring injury. On the other hand, the mixed ratio eccentric hamstring-to-concentric quadriceps lower than 0.6 represents the best indicator (probability: 77.5%). The rate of recurrence is 30% (three cases of 10) and the rate of new hamstring muscle injury is 31% (five cases of 16) (P > 0.05). One of the five injured soccer players presented a concentric ratio hamstring-to-quadriceps lower than 0.6 and no player presented a mixed ratio lower than 0.6. However, four of the five injured players presented a concentric and an eccentric asymmetry. But, it is the strongest side, which presented a new hamstring muscle injury. CONCLUSION The mixed ratio eccentric hamstring-to-concentric quadriceps lower than 0.6 identify a previous hamstring injury despite the resumption of competitive soccer. However, this ratio and the others isokinetic studied parameters do not predict a recurrence or a new hamstring muscle injury.
Retinol saturase promotes adipogenesis and is downregulated in obesity

Adipocyte differentiation is controlled by many transcription factors, but few known downstream targets of these factors are necessary for adipogenesis. Here we report that retinol saturase (RetSat), which is an enzyme implicated in the generation of dihydroretinoid metabolites, is induced during adipogenesis and is directly regulated by the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Ablation of RetSat dramatically inhibited adipogenesis but, surprisingly, this block was not overcome by the putative product of RetSat enzymatic activity. On the other hand, ectopic RetSat with an intact, but not a mutated, FAD/NAD dinucleotide-binding motif increased endogenous PPARγ transcriptional activity and promoted adipogenesis. Indeed, RetSat was not required for adipogenesis when cells were provided with exogenous PPARγ ligands. In adipose tissue, RetSat is expressed in adipocytes but is unexpectedly downregulated in obesity, most likely owing to infiltration of macrophages that we demonstrate to repress RetSat expression. Thiazolidinedione treatment reversed low RetSat expression in adipose tissue of obese mice. Thus, RetSat plays an important role in the biology of adipocytes, where it favors normal differentiation, yet is reduced in the obese state. RetSat is thus a novel target for therapeutic intervention in metabolic disease.
Assessment of cardiac dysfunction in a randomized trial comparing doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel, with or without trastuzumab as adjuvant therapy in node-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressing breast cancer: NSABP B-31.

PURPOSE Trastuzumab is effective in treating human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) -positive breast cancer, but it increases frequency of cardiac dysfunction (CD) when used with or after anthracyclines. PATIENTS AND METHODS National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project trial B-31 compared doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) followed by paclitaxel with AC followed by paclitaxel plus 52 weeks of trastuzumab beginning concurrently with paclitaxel in patients with node-positive, HER2-positive breast cancer. Initiation of trastuzumab required normal post-AC left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on multiple-gated acquisition scan. If symptoms suggestive of congestive heart failure (CHF) developed, source documents were blindly reviewed by an independent panel of cardiologists to determine whether criteria were met for a cardiac event (CE), which was defined as New York Heart Association class III or IV CHF or possible/probable cardiac death. Frequencies of CEs were compared between arms. RESULTS Among patients with normal post-AC LVEF who began post-AC treatment, five of 814 control patients subsequently had confirmed CEs (four CHFs and one cardiac death) compared with 31 of 850 trastuzumab-treated patients (31 CHFs and no cardiac deaths). The difference in cumulative incidence at 3 years was 3.3% (4.1% for trastuzumab-treated patients minus 0.8% for control patients; 95% CI, 1.7% to 4.9%). Twenty-seven of the 31 patients in the trastuzumab arm have been followed for > or = 6 months after diagnosis of a CE; 26 were asymptomatic at last assessment, and 18 remained on cardiac medication. CHFs were more frequent in older patients and patients with marginal post-AC LVEF. Fourteen percent of patients discontinued trastuzumab because of asymptomatic decreases in LVEF; 4% discontinued trastuzumab because of symptomatic cardiotoxicity. CONCLUSION Administering trastuzumab with paclitaxel after AC increases incidence of CHF and lesser CD. Potential cardiotoxicity should be carefully considered when discussing benefits and risks of this therapy.
Multiport Thru Deembedding for MOSFET Characterization

This letter proposes the use of a simplified single-step thru deembedding method for the multiport characterization of MOSFETs. Compared with other methods, it takes up less chip area and requires less measurement steps, both particularly important factors for multiport characterization. The thru method is compared with the multiport open-short method. Measurements of a four-port MOSFET, with corresponding deembedding structures, are used to extract the MOSFET equivalent circuit elements over bias. These results show the validity and usefulness of multiport measurements and the thru deembedding method for MOSFET characterization.
Atrial Chamber-specific Expression of Sarcolipin Is Regulated during Development and Hypertrophic Remodeling*

Intracellular Ca2+ regulation is critical in the normal cardiac function and development of pathologic hearts. Phospholamban, an endogenous inhibitor of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, plays an important role in Ca2+ cycling in heart. Recently, sarcolipin has been identified as having a similar function as phospholamban in skeletal muscle. Because phospholamban is differentially expressed in atrial and ventricular myocardia and its expression is often altered in diseased hearts, we investigated the cardiac chamber specificity of sarcolipin expression and its regulation during development and hypertrophic remodeling. Northern blot analysis revealed that the expression of mouse sarcolipin mRNA was most abundant in the atria and was undetectable in the ventricles, indicating an atrial chamber-specific expression pattern. Atrial chamber-specific expression of sarcolipin mRNA was increased during development. These findings were confirmed by in situhybridization studies. In addition, sarcolipin expression was down-regulated in the atria of hypertrophic heart when induced by ventricular specific overexpression of the activated H-ras gene. In humans, sarcolipin mRNA was also expressed in the atria but not detected in the ventricles, although sarcolipin expression was most abundant in skeletal muscle. Taken together, sarcolipin is likely to be an atrial chamber-specific regulator of Ca2+ cycling in heart.
A metal‐mediated hydride shift mechanism for xylose isomerase based on the 1.6 Å Streptomycs rubiginosus structure with xylitol and D‐xylose

The crystal structure of recombinant Streptomyces rubiginous D‐xylose isomerase (D‐xylose keto‐isomerase, EC 5.3.1.5) solved by the multiple isomorphous replacement technique has been refined to R = 0.16 at 1.64 Å resolution. As observed in an earlier study at 4.0 Å (Carrell et al., J. Biol. Chem. 259: 3230–3236, 1984), xylose isomerase is a tetramer composed of four identical subunits. The monomer consists of an eight‐stranded parallel β‐barrel surrounded by eight helices with an extended C‐terminal tail that provides extensive contacts with a neighboring monomer. The active site pocket is defined by an opening in the barrel whose entrance is lined with hydrophobic residues while the bottom of the pocket consists mainly of glutamate, aspartate, and histidine residues coordinated to two manganese ions.