Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental Consequences of N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Hypofunction

NMDA receptor signaling is required for proper synapse formation, maintenance, plasticity and function. Dysregulation of the NMDA receptor has been implicated in pathophysiology of schizophrenia, which has an adult onset of symptoms. NMDA receptor deficient mice were utilized to assess the developmental consequences of NMDA receptor hypofunction. Locomotor activity was elevated throughout development; however, deficits in social interaction and working memory only manifest in adulthood and did not progress with age. Age-dependent deficits in neuron synapse biology were also detected; postsynaptic spine number was normal in juveniles, decreased post-adolescence, and progressively declined in adulthood. To investigate possible molecular mechanisms underlying the observed changes in spine number, protein levels of RhoGTPases and their downstream effectors were examined. Significant changes in Rac1 and downstream effectors were detected at different developmental stages. These studies provide clarification of the temporal sequence of events and mechanisms by which NMDA receptor dysfunction affects neurodevelopment.
Macro‐scale bed roughness of the siple coast ice streams in West Antarctica

Subglacial bed conditions are key to understanding ice stream behaviour and evolution, with bed roughness reﬂecting substrate composition and ﬂow resistance. Here we present an analysis of bed roughness in the Siple Coast region of West Antarctica from airborne radio‐echo sounding data. The ice streams are associated generally with low bed roughness values, which decrease downstream. The bed of the slow‐ﬂowing Ice Stream C (∼10 000 km2) is also characterized by being smooth at all scales (wavelengths ranging from 5 km to in excess of 40 km). Furthermore, the bed is smooth either side of Ice Stream C. This suggests the location of the ice stream is controlled by internal ice sheet dynamics rather than by bed morphology. If the ice stream were encouraged to migrate laterally, when active, there would be little resistance offered by the subglacial morphology. Other inter‐ice stream regions are rough, however, indicating a subglacial topographic inﬂuence on ice stream position. Bed roughness increases up‐ﬂow of ice streams, which, unless the bed is modiﬁed, may limit the inland migration of these systems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research on a Robot Auto-sorting System Based on Machine Vision

In view of the shortcomings of poor reliability and low efficiency in traditional workpiece sorting, a robot auto-sorting system based on machine vision is proposed in this paper. The system is mainly composed of vision unit, workpiece transport unit, robot unit, controller unit and servo drive unit. By analyzing the hardware and software algorithm of machine vision system, the PC and PLC are selected as controllers. Asynchronous motor is used as a power device for workpieces transmission, and pneumatic robot is used as sorting device. The experiment shows that the system can quickly and accurately identify workpiece and complete the assigned sorting.
ASSESSMENT OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT DISCIPLINES IMPLEMENTED IN SMALL HOLDER DAIRY FARMS IN KHARTOUM STATE

This study was performed to outline the profile of dairy business concepts and strategies implemented in small holder dairy farms in Khartoum state in the Sudan. Data was collected from three dairy compounds chosen using simple random sampling via a structured questionnaire, total numbers of farms under study were 120 farms. Data was then analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Several results were withdrawn some of which were; the dairy sector is one of the attractive investments, most common marketing channels implemented are selling directly on the farm, most of the farm managers have low awareness regarding the importance of pre-business plans. The study suggested introduction of modern business Managemental concepts that can assist in economical use of farm resources and providing dairy producers with research and user friendly "how to" information for improving business management with focus on pre- business plans and opening new
Adsorption of Metal Ions on Novel 3-n-Propyl(Methylpyridinium) Silsesquioxane Chloride Polymers Surface. Study of Heterogeneous Equilibrium at the Solid-Solution Interface

Os polimeros Si3Py+Cl- (A) e Si4Py+Cl- (B), cloretos de 3-n-propil (3s-metilpiridinio) silsesquioxano e 3-n-propil(4-metilpiridinio)silsesquioxano respectivamente, foram preparados pelo metodo de sintese sol-gel. Os valores de capacidade de troca ionica (mmol g-1) foram iguais a 0,90 e 0,81 para (A) e (B), respectivamente. Considerando a reacao nSiPy+Cl-(s) + M2+(sln) + 2Cl-(sln) (SiPy+)nMCl2+nn- (s), as constantes de equilibrio calculadas para cada etapa foram: (A): CuII, logK(2)1= 4,14(0,03), logK(2)2= 2,91(0,04); ZnII, logK(2)1= 3,3(0,3), logK(2)2= 4,9(0,3); (B): CuII, logK(2)1= 3,82(0,03), logK(2)2= 3,00(0,04); ZnII, logK(2)1= 3,93(0,03), logK(2)2= 3,55(0,08), onde K(2)1 e K(2)2 correspondem as constantes de equilibrio de adsorcao das especies MCl42- e MCl3-, respectivamente. No caso da adsorcao de ZnII sobre Si3Py+Cl-, em que K(2)2 > K(2)1, uma cooperatividade positiva e observada, ou seja, a adsorcao da especie MCl42-facilita a adsorcao da especie MCl3-. Nos demais casos, K(2)1> K(2)2, o que indica que a adsorcao da especie MCl42- dificulta a adsorcao da especie MCl3- na superficie dos adsorventes, indicando uma cooperatividade negativa.
USING COMPUTER-GENERATED PICTURES TO EVALUATE HEADLAMP BEAM PATTERNS

A computer graphics system for generating pictures showing a driver's view of the roadway at night, as illuminated by a particular headlamp system, is described. These night scene images realistically depict the brightness patterns on the road surface and the illumination of pedestrians and lane lines produced by the headlamps. Veiling glare and backlighting from opposing headlamps can also be shown. The system was developed to permit comparative evaluations of existing and "drawing board" beam patterns for appearance, subjective qualities, and the visibility of various elements in the driver's field of view. The system also provides a direct pictorial representation of the numerical results obtained from various visibility models. The development of the computer graphics system is described in the context of other analytical approaches to headlamp evaluation that have been developed during the last 10 years. The pictures are pure analytical in origin; they are generated from candlepower tables representing the intensity distribution of a given headlamp and specifications of the shape, location, and reflectance of elements in the visual field. The basic algorithm for generating the pictures, including the geometric and photometric calculations, is discussed in general terms. Pictures representing five different European and U.S. tungsten and halogen systems are presented and compared with regard to appearance, aesthetics, and visibility. Differences between the systems are apparent, and the pictures are in accord with the results of analytical calculations of visibility. The pictures illustrate the complex trade-offs required in beam pattern design and help demonstrate that some important aspects of headlamp performance may not be apparent to the casual observer.
1 Plagiarism and the rise of contract cheating

This paper reports the use of a choice experiment to investigate an illicit form of demand: student demand for essays from commercial providers. It investigates whether potential consumers will reveal a willingness to buy, and if so, how the value of the illicit good is a¤ected by its price and quality and the risk of detection and the penalty associated with detection. Analysing CE data from 3 UK universities we nd potential consumers are prepared to reveal a willingness to buy: 50% purchaseon one or more choice occasion. Respondentschoice behaviour conforms to economic theory with the essaysvalue a¤ected by their price, quality and the risk of being caught and the associated penalty. Since we might expect the demand for an illicit good to be a¤ected by the risk preferences of the potential buyer we use supplementary choice data from a paired gamble CE to derive individual estimates of risk aversion, via estimation of a mixed logit model. We nd that responses to the risk & penalty attributes of essays are inuenced by individualslevel of risk aversion. Latent class analysis of the essay CE data suggests there are 2 segments within the sample, one of which is characterised by strong aversion to the purchase of essays, while members of the other segment are willing to enter the market if the conditions are right. Address for correspondence: Dan Rigby Economics 3.063 Arthur Lewis Building Manchester University UK M13 9PL tel: 44 161 275 4808 fax: 44 161 275 4812 email: dan.rigby@manchester.ac. uk We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Universities of Manchester and Reading and comments from Rachel Gri¢ th, James Banks and seminar participants at the Universities of Manchester, Western Australia and Reading. yAuthors a¢ liations: Rigby [University of Manchester], Burton [University of Western Australia], Balcombe [University of Reading], Bateman [University of East Anglia], Mulatu [London Metropolitan University].
Is the Bounty Trough off eastern New Zealand an aborted rift

[1] Remarkably little is known about the Cretaceous rifting process between New Zealand and Antarctica that affected the submarine regions within the New Zealand microcontinent. Bounty Trough provides insights into these breakup processes. Here we present results from a combined gravity, multichannel seismic, and wide-angle reflection/refraction seismic transect across the Middle Bounty Trough and interpret these results on the basis of velocity distribution and crustal composition derived from Poisson's ratio and P-wave velocity. The lower crust exhibits a high-velocity (vp ≅ 7 – 7.7 km/s, vs ≅ 3.9 – 4.5 km/s), high-density (ρ = 3.02 kg/cm3) body at the location of the thinnest crust on the profile. Here the crustal thickness is reduced to about 9 km from 22–24 km beneath Chatham Rise and Campbell Plateau. We interpret the high-velocity/density body as a magmatic intrusion into thinned continental crust. Our results show that the Cretaceous opening of Bounty Trough was very likely not the result of back-arc extension caused by collision of the Hikurangi Plateau with the Gondwana margin, but of continental breakup processes related to the separation of New Zealand from Antarctica. Rifting ceased in the Middle Bounty Trough at the onset of seafloor spreading. Comparisons with the Oslo Rift and the Ethiopian/Kenya Rift indicate that all three rift systems show analogous extensional features. From this we derive a stretching model for the Bounty Trough that combines elements of pure shear and simple shear extension.
Discrimination Factors for Stable Isotopes of Carbon and Nitrogen in Blood and Feathers from Chicks and Juveniles of the California Condor

Abstract. Stable-isotope ratios of carbon (13C/12C; &dgr;13C) and nitrogen (15N/14N; &dgr;15N) in animal tissues are analyzed to estimate animal foraging ecology because these ratios reflect those of an animal's diet. This reflection is generally indirect, as stable-isotope ratios change with trophic level. These differences, called discrimination factors (reported as &Dgr;), vary considerably by species and tissue. Variations in discrimination factors used in stableisotope mixing models can lead to inaccurate estimates of diets. Therefore, determining accurate discrimination factors specific to species and tissue is important. We established the &Dgr;13C and &Dgr;15N values between diet and blood and feathers from chicks and juveniles of the California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus). Hatchlings were fed rats for 76–119 days, whereas juveniles were fed dairy calves for 64 days. The mean &Dgr;13C and &Dgr;15N values (± SD) between chick feathers and rat muscle were 0.4 ± 0.4‰ and 3.1 ± 0.2‰, respectively; those between chicks' whole blood and rat muscle were -0.7 ± 0.1‰ and 1.7 ± 0.1‰, respectively. The mean &Dgr;13C and &Dgr;15N values between juvenile condors' plasma and calf muscle were 0.9 ± 0.2‰ and 3.3 ± 0.7‰, respectively; those between juveniles' red blood cells and calf muscle were 0.3 ± 0.3‰ and 1.8 ± 0.1‰, respectively; and those between juveniles' whole blood and calf muscle were 0.3 ± 0.3‰ and 1.9 ± 0.2‰, respectively. We report the first discrimination factors for the Cathartidae (New World vultures), and our findings will have important applications in studies of the critically endangered California Condor's foraging ecology.
IMPACT OF WINDS FROM INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS ON MOLECULAR CLOUD STRUCTURE AND TURBULENCE

Observations of nearby molecular clouds detect “shells,” which are likely caused by winds from young main sequence stars. However, the progenitors of these observed features are not well characterized and the mass-loss rates inferred from the gas kinematics are several orders of magnitude greater than those predicted by atomic line-driven stellar wind models. We use magnetohydrodynamic simulations to model winds launching within turbulent molecular clouds and explore the impact of wind properties on cloud morphology and turbulence. We find that winds do not produce clear features in turbulent statistics such as the Fourier spectra of density and momentum but do impact the Fourier velocity spectrum. The density and velocity distribution functions, especially as probed by CO spectral lines, strongly indicate the presence and influence of winds. We show that stellar mass-loss rates for individual stars must be m ˙ w ≳ 10 − 7 M ⊙ ? > yr−1, similar to those estimated from observations, to reproduce shell properties. Consequently, we conclude that B and A-type main sequence stars have mass-loss rates several orders of magnitude larger that those predicted by models or that young stars are more variable than expected due to magnetic activity or accretion.
Rp-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride and Montelukast Sodium in tablets

A simple, selective and sensitive reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (Rp-HPLC) method has been proposed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of levocetirizine dihydrochloride (LEV) and Montelukast sodium (MON) in pure form as well as in its pharmaceutical formulation. The chromatography was carried out on Waters C 18 analytical column (15cm × 4.6 mm, 5µ) using a mobile phase of methanol: water (75:25 v/v). The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min with detection at 235 nm. The retention time of LEV and MON were found to 2.88 and 3.83 min respectively. The linearity for LEV and MON were in the range of 50-150 µg/mL and 100- 300 µg/mL respectively. The recoveries of LEV and MON were found to be 100.00% and 99.00%, respectively. The proposed method was validated and successfully applied to the estimation of LEV and MON in combined tablet dosage forms.
A Novel PSR Enhancement Technique for Full on-Chip Low-Dropout Regulator

A novel feedback-factor-control (FFC) technique is presented to improve mid-frequency power supply rejection (PSR) of full on-chip low dropout regulator (LDO). With this method, the zeros of PSR are rearranged in a nested Miller compensation (NMC) based full on-chip LDO. The mid-frequency PSR is enhanced when the dominant zero of PSR is moved to higher frequency by FFC circuit. The full on-chip LDO implemented with Chartered 0. 35μm CMOS process, features almost -90dB PSR at 10 kHz and about - 45dB at 1MHz. When the load current changed from 0.5mA to 50mA, the maximum output-voltage variation is less than 70mV.
Chapter 3 Pseudo-gamma Spectrometry in Plastic Scintillators

War against CBRN-E threats needs to continuously develop systems with improved detection efficiency and performances. This topic especially concerns the NR controls for homeland security. This chapter introduces how it is now possible to perform gamma identification using plastic scintillators, which are not conventionally designed for this purpose. Two distinct approaches are discussed: the first one is the chemical modifications of the scintillator itself and the second is introducing new algorithms, Specifically designed for this application.
Simulation numérique du procédé par infusion de résine d’une nouvelle génération de renforts structuraux pour l’aéronautique

Cet article presente une approche numerique pour la simulation de l’elaboration par des procedes par infusion de resine de pieces composites hautes performances de grandes dimensions. Ce modele s’appuie sur une approche monolithique pour la resolution d’un couplage Stokes-Darcy, modelisant l’ecoulement dans un milieu non poreux (Stokes) et dans des preformes fibreuses assimilees a des milieux poreux orthotropes (Darcy). Les grandes deformations subies par les preformes fibreuses pendant le procede sont prises en compte au moyen d’une formulation lagrangienne reactualisee. L’interaction fluide-structure est modelisee au travers de relations contrainte-deformation identifiees experimentalement permettant de rendre compte de l’influence de la deformation de la preforme sur la permeabilite du milieu poreux et donc sur l’ecoulement fluide. La retroaction de la resine sur les preformes est decrite par la loi de Terzaghi introduisant, au cours du procede, un phenomene de gonflement des preformes via la pression de la resine.
Real-World Pricing for a Modified Constant Elasticity of Variance Model

Abstract This paper considers a modified constant elasticity of variance (MCEV) model. This model uses the familiar constant elasticity of variance form for the volatility of the growth optimal portfolio (GOP) in a continuous market. It leads to a GOP that follows the power of a time-transformed squared Bessel process. This paper derives analytic real-world prices for zero-coupon bonds, instantaneous forward rates and options on the GOP that are both theoretically revealing and computationally efficient. In addition, the paper examines options on exchange prices and options on zero-coupon bonds under the MCEV model. The semi-analytic prices derived for options on zero-coupon bonds can subsequently be used to price interest rate caps and floors.
Effective Work Function Engineering for Aggressively Scaled Planar and FinFET-based Devices with High-k Last Replacement Metal Gate Tech.

Devices with High-k Last Replacement Metal Gate Technology A. Veloso, S. A. Chew, Y. Higuchi, L. -Å. Ragnarsson, E. Simoen, T. Schram, T. Witters, A. Van Ammel, H. Dekkers, H. Tielens, K. Devriendt, N. Heylen, F. Sebaai, S. Brus, P. Favia, J. Geypen, H. Bender, A. Phatak, M. S. Chen, X. Lu, S. Ganguli, Y. Lei, W. Tang, X. Fu, S. Gandikota, A. Noori, A. Brand, N. Yoshida, A. Thean, and N. Horiguchi IMEC, assignee at IMEC from Panasonic, Applied Materials Belgium NV, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Applied Materials Inc., 3050 Bowers Ave., Santa Clara, CA 95054, USA Tel. : +32-16-28 17 28, Fax: +32-16-28 17 06, Email: Anabela.Veloso@imec.be
Ergonomics and Quality – An Ergonomic Quality Assessment Model for the Work Station Using the Parameters Established under the Brazilian Regulations on Ergonomics (NR-17)

This study aims to present and assess a management model for implementing ergonomic improvements in the qual- ity of working conditions in production processes in order to meet the requirements of Regulation Standard NR-17 (Brazilian Health and Safety Labor Regulations), which is an integral part of the Brazilian Labor Legislation. The object was to create a Company Ergonomics Management Model. The management model was implemented in two companies on their manufactur- ing production lines producing different products and demonstrating satisfactory results.
BACTERIAL DEGRADATION OF PARA-AMINO ACETANILIDE BY MARINOBACTER SP. TBZ23, ISOLATED FROM URMIA LAKE IN IRAN

Aromatic compounds comprise almost 65% of chemical wastes. Most of aromatic compounds possess mutagenic and toxic properties. Para-amino acetanilide (PAA) is an aromatic compound used as an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and azo dyes. Among all organisms, bacteria have been widely studied and frequently used for biodegradation strategies. TBZ23 was isolated from Urmia Lake in Iran. Marinobacter sp. TBZ23 exhibited about 97.87 and 97.80% 16S rDNA pairwise similarity with its closest phylogenetic relative Marinobacter oulmenensis and Marinobacter persicus, respectively. Qualitative biodegradation by the isolate TBZ23 was assessed through spectrophotometeric data. According to data from gas chromatography- mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), it seems that the products of PAA biodegradation are butanoic acid hexyl ester and hexanoic acid butyl ester. Based on data gained from response surface method (RSM), temperature 25oC, pH 6.32, and salinity percent 14% were the optimum conditions for biodegradation of PAA by the isolate TBZ23 with 95% assurance (at level α= 0.05).
On construction of upper and lower bounds for the HOMO-LUMO spectral gap

In this paper we study spectral properties of graphs which are constructed from two given invertible graphs by bridging them over a bipartite graph. We analyze the so-called HOMO-LUMO spectral gap which is the difference between the smallest positive and largest negative eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of a graph. We investigate its dependence on the bridging bipartite graph and we construct a mixed integer semidefinite program for maximization of the HOMO-LUMO gap with respect to the bridging bipartite graph. We also derive upper and lower bounds for the optimal HOMO-LUMO spectral graph by means of semidefinite relaxation techniques. Several computational examples are also presented in this paper.
Hybrid Post-Processing Procedure for Displacement-Based Plane Elements

In the analysis of high-rise building, traditional displacement-based plane elements are often used to get the in-plane internal forces of the shear walls by stress integration. Limited by the singular problem produced by wall holes and the loss of precision induced by using differential method to derive strains, the displacement-based elements cannot always present accuracy enough for design. In this paper, the hybrid post-processing procedure based on the Hellinger-Reissner variational principle is used for improving the stress precision of two quadrilateral plane elements. In order to find the best stress field, three different forms are assumed for the displacement-based plane elements and with drilling DOF. Numerical results show that by using the proposed method, the accuracy of stress solutions of these two displacement-based plane elements can be improved.
Detecting obfuscated JavaScripts using machine learning

JavaScript is a common attack vector for attacking browsers, browser plug-ins, email clients and other JavaScript enabled applications. Malicious JavaScripts redirect victims to exploit kits, probe for known vulnerabilities to select a fitting exploit or manipulate the Document Object Model (DOM) of a web page in a harmful way. Malicious JavaScript code is often obfuscated in order to make it hard to detect using signature-based approaches. Since the only other reason to use obfuscation is to protect intellectual property, the share of scripts which are both benign and obfuscated is quite low, and could easily be captured with a whitelist. A detector that can reliably detect obfuscated JavaScripts would therefore be a valuable tool in fighting malicious JavaScripts. In this paper, we present a method for automatic detection of obfuscated JavaScript using a machine-learning approach. Using a dataset of regular, minified and obfuscated samples from a content delivery network and the Alexa top 500 websites, we show that it is possible to distinguish between obfuscated and non-obfuscated scripts with precision and recall around 99%. We also introduce a novel set of features, which help detect obfuscation in JavaScripts. Our results presented here shed additional light on the problem of distinguishing between malicious and benign scripts.