Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electric Fields and Charge Separation for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrodes

Activation losses at solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrodes have been widely attributed to charge transfer at the electrode surface. The electrostatic nature of electrode–gas interactions allows us to study these phenomena by simulating an electric field across the electrode–gas interface, where we are able to describe the activation overpotential using density functional theory (DFT). The electrostatic responses to the electric field are used to approximate the behavior of an electrode under electrical bias and have found a correlation with experimental data for three different reduction reactions at mixed ionic–electronic conducting (MIEC) electrode surfaces (H2O and CO2 on CeO2; O2 on LaFeO3). In this work, we demonstrate the importance of decoupled ion–electron transfer and charged adsorbates on the performance of electrodes under nonequilibrium conditions. Finally, our findings on MIEC–gas interactions have potential implications in the fields of energy storage and catalysis.
Long‐term improvement in the appearance of hypertrophic scars following a single treatment with acoustic subcision—A single center proof‐of‐concept study

Fibrosis, including hypertrophic scar formation, is a pathological condition characterized by excessive production and accumulation of collagen, and loss of tissue architecture, in response to wound healing. Alterations in the extracellular matrix (ECM) biomechanical properties may be important in modulating myofibroblasts and fibrosis formation. The acoustic subcision device uses rapid acoustic pulse technology to noninvasively improve the appearance of hypertrophic scars through both microdisruption of scar tissue matrix and downregulation of fibrotic fibroblasts leading to scar remodeling. The objective of this single‐site proof‐of‐concept IRB‐approved human clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy of acoustic subcision device for the improvement in the appearance of hypertrophic scars.
Examination of the quality of 120 degree silicon double mirror for a micro-optical laser gyroscope

120° silicon double mirrors for use in a novel micro optical resonator laser gyroscope have been developed in order to maximize the robustness of the sensor design against alignment errors. The idea being pursued is that the angle between these two mirrors can be intrinsically defined by silicon crystallography which enables a well-defined resulting reflection angle that is robust against mirror misalignment. As a consequence, resonator losses resulting from misalignment can be minimized. This work describes the concept of a new type of optical micro-gyroscope with double mirrors and its design. The mirrors are made from silicon wafers which are slightly deviating from perfect (100) orientation and thus allow to create <111> facets oriented 60° against the surface instead of 54,7° by wet etching. Two likewise structured wafers are connected by silicon direct bonding and separated into double mirror elements. These elements are mounted on a test platform to assess the quality and to confirm the suitability of a gyroscope. In this setup various possible misalignments were simulated. The experiments confirm the predicted misalignment robustness.
Lability of prenatal stress during the COVID‐19 pandemic links to negative affect in infancy

Abstract The association between prenatal stress and children's socioemotional development is well established. The COVID‐19 pandemic has been a particularly stressful period, which may impact the gestational environment. However, most studies to‐date have examined prenatal stress at a single time point, potentially masking the natural variation in stress that occurs over time, especially during a time as uncertain as the pandemic. This study leveraged dense ecological momentary assessments from a prenatal randomized control trial to examine patterns of prenatal stress over a 14‐week period (up to four assessments/day) in a U.S. sample of 72 mothers and infants. We first examined whether varied features of stress exposure (lability, mean, and baseline stress) differed depending on whether mothers reported on their stress before or during the pandemic. We next examined which features of stress were associated with 3‐month‐old infants' negative affect. We did not find differences in stress patterns before and during the pandemic. However, greater stress lability, accounting for baseline and mean stress, was associated with higher infant negative affect. These findings suggest that pathways from prenatal stress exposure to infant socioemotional development are complex, and close attention to stress patterns over time will be important for explicating these pathways.
Aging, generational shifts, and energy consumption in urban China

Significance Dynamic changes in environmental awareness and energy use habits rooted in generations and age cohorts can affect energy consumption. However, existing studies on the impact of demographic transitions on energy consumption have either ignored these changes or treated age structure in a simplified manner that has confounded generational effects. In this paper, we found that growth in the elderly population is likely to substantially increase China’s energy consumption, largely influenced by generational shifts in the ensuing decades. Our analysis provides quantitative assessments and insights into the links between population aging, generational shifts, and residential energy consumption, suggesting that ignoring the effects of age and generational shifts will result in a significant underestimation of total future energy demand.
Diverse Flavonoids from the Roots of Indigofera stachyodes

Three new flavonoids, 4′‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐2S,3R‐3,7‐dihydroxy‐3′‐methoxyflavan (1), (3R)‐7,4′‐dihydroxy‐5,3′‐methoxychalcone (2), (3S)‐7,2′,3′‐trihydroxy‐6,4′‐dimethoxylisoflavan (3), and one new natural occurring product, (3S)‐6,2′,3′‐trihydroxy‐7,4′‐dimethoxylisoflavan (4), together with eleven known ones (5–15), were isolated from the roots of Indigofera stachyodes. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by UV, IR, MS, and NMR spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of new compounds were elucidated by ECD spectra and chemical method. All the isolated flavonoids were screened for their antioxidant abilities to scavenge DPPH and ABTS+. As results, compounds 2–4, 10, and 15 exhibited remarkable scavenging activity against both ABTS+ and DPPH, with the IC50 values less than 20 μM. In addition, compounds 1, 6–9, and 13 exhibited potential antioxidant scavenging activities, IC50 values were in the range of 17.96∼85.91 μM.
G1/S Cell Cycle Induction by Epstein-Barr Virus BORF2 Is Mediated by P53 and APOBEC3B

In lytic infection, herpesviruses cause cells to arrest at the G1/S phase of the cell cycle in order to provide an optimal environment for viral replication; however, the mechanisms involved are not well understood. We have shown that the Epstein-Barr virus BORF2 protein and its homologue in herpes simplex virus 1 both induce G1/S, and do this by similar mechanisms which involve binding p53 and APOBEC3B and induction of p53. ABSTRACT Herpesvirus lytic infection causes cells to arrest at the G1/S phase of the cell cycle by poorly defined mechanisms. In a prior study using fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) cells that express fluorescently tagged proteins marking different stages of the cell cycle, we showed that the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) protein BORF2 induces the accumulation of G1/S cells, and that BORF2 affects p53 levels without affecting the p53 target protein p21. We also found that BORF2 specifically interacted with APOBEC3B (A3B) and forms perinuclear bodies with A3B that prevent A3B from mutating replicating EBV genomes. We now show that BORF2 also interacts with p53 and that A3B interferes with the BORF2-p53 interaction, although A3B and p53 engage distinct surfaces on BORF2. Cell cycle analysis showed that G1/S induction by BORF2 is abrogated when either p53 or A3B is silenced or when an A3B-binding mutant of BORF2 is used. Furthermore, silencing A3B in EBV lytic infection increased cell proliferation, supporting a role for A3B in G1/S arrest. These data suggest that the p53 induced by BORF2 is inactive when it binds BORF2, but is released and induces G1/S arrest when A3B is present and sequesters BORF2 in perinuclear bodies. Interestingly, this mechanism is conserved in the BORF2 homologue in HSV-1, which also re-localizes A3B, induces and binds p53, and induces G1/S dependent on A3B and p53. In summary, we have identified a new mechanism by which G1/S arrest can be induced in herpesvirus lytic infection. IMPORTANCE In lytic infection, herpesviruses cause cells to arrest at the G1/S phase of the cell cycle in order to provide an optimal environment for viral replication; however, the mechanisms involved are not well understood. We have shown that the Epstein-Barr virus BORF2 protein and its homologue in herpes simplex virus 1 both induce G1/S, and do this by similar mechanisms which involve binding p53 and APOBEC3B and induction of p53. Our study identifies a new mechanism by which G1/S arrest can be induced in herpesvirus lytic infection and a new role of APOBEC3B in herpesvirus lytic infection.
Dissociation of Writing Processes: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study on the Neural Substrates for the Handwritten Production of Chinese Characters

Abstract Writing is an important way to communicate in everyday life because it can convey information over time and space, but its neural substrates remain poorly known. Although the neural basis of written language production has been investigated in alphabetic scripts, it has rarely been examined in nonalphabetic languages such as Chinese. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging study explored the neural substrates of handwritten word production in Chinese and identified the brain regions sensitive to the psycholinguistic factors of word frequency and syllable frequency. To capture this, we contrasted neural activation in “writing” with “speaking plus drawing” and “watching plus drawing. ” Word frequency (high, low) and syllable frequency (high, low) of the picture names were manipulated. Contrasts between the tasks showed that writing Chinese characters was mainly associated with brain activation in the left frontal and parietal cortex, whereas orthographic processing and the motor procedures necessary for handwritten production were also related to activation in the right frontal and parietal cortex as well as right putamen/thalamus. These results demonstrate that writing Chinese characters requires activation in bilateral cortical regions and the right putamen/thalamus. Our results also revealed no brain activation associated with the main effects of word frequency and syllable frequency as well as their interaction, which implies that word frequency and syllable frequency may not affect the writing of Chinese characters on a neural level.
Antiviral activity of Cenostigma pluviosum var. peltophoroides extract and fractions against SARS-CoV-2

Abstract Few extracts of plant species from the Brazilian flora have been validated from a pharmacological and clinical point of view, and it is important to determine whether their traditional use is proven by pharmacological effects. Cenostigma pluviosum var. peltophoroides is one of those plants, which belongs to the Fabaceae family that is widely used in traditional medicine and is very rich in tannins. Due to the lack of effective drugs to treat severe cases of Covid-19, the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) becomes an attractive target in the research for new antivirals since this enzyme is crucial for virus replication and does not have homologs in humans. This study aimed to prospect inhibitor candidates among the compounds from C. pluviosum extract, by virtual screening simulations using SARS-CoV-2 Mpro as target. Experimental validation was made by inhibitory proteolytic assays of recombinant Mpro and by antiviral activity with infected Vero cells. Docking simulations identify four compounds with potential inhibitory activity of Mpro present in the extract. The compound pentagalloylglucose showed the best result in proteolytic kinetics experiments, with suppression of recombinant Mpro activity by approximately 60%. However, in experiments with infected cells ethyl acetate fraction and sub-fractions, F2 and F4 of C. pluviosum extract performed better than pentagalloylglucose, reaching close to 100% of antiviral activity. The prominent activity of the extract fractions in infected cells may be a result of a synergistic effect from the different hydrolyzable tannins present, performing simultaneous action on Mpro and other targets from SARS-CoV-2 and host. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Traumatic injury to peripheral nerves

This article reviews the epidemiology, classification, localization, prognosis, and mechanisms of recovery of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs). Electrodiagnostic (EDx) assessments are critical components of treating patients with PNIs. In particular, motor and sensory nerve conduction studies, needle electromyography, and other electrophysiological methods are useful for localizing peripheral nerve injuries, detecting and quantifying the degree of axon loss, and contributing toward treatment decisions as well as prognostication. It is critical that EDx medical consultants are aware of the timing of these changes as well as limitations in interpretations. Mechanisms of recovery may include recovery from conduction block, muscle fiber hypertrophy, distal axonal sprouting, and axon regrowth from the site of injury. Motor recovery generally reaches a plateau at 18 to 24 months postinjury. When patients have complete or severe nerve injuries they should be referred to surgical colleagues early after injury, as outcomes are best when nerve transfers are performed within the first 3 to 6 months after onset.
Novel Use of Botulinum Toxin in Long-Standing Adductor-Related Groin Pain: A Case Series

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Background: Adductor-related groin pain (ARGP) is the most common groin injury in athletes. If conservative treatment fails, then adductor tenotomy to relieve tension can be considered. The use of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) has shown good results in other musculoskeletal pathologies. Objective: Assess the effectiveness of BoNT-A injections in ARGP in cases where usual treatment has failed. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Orthopedic Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, University of Bordeaux. Participants: Fifty patients treated by BoNT-A injection in ARGP after failure of medical and/or surgical treatment were included in this study. Interventions: One or several adductor muscles were injected with BoNT-A, according to clinical evaluation using ultrasound and electrical stimulation guidance. Patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Main Outcome Measures: The primary assessment criterion was the improvement of Hip and Groin Outcome Score subscales at day 30. Secondary outcomes included pain intensity and impact on sport, work, and quality of life (QoL), the Blazina scale, and side effects. Results: All the first 50 injected patients (45 male and 5 female patients) were included. A significant improvement was noted regarding the majority of Hip and Groin Outcome Score subscales at day 30 (P < 0.05). Pain intensity and its impacts were both significantly reduced (P < 0.001): less sport and professional disability and lower impact on QoL. Severity of symptoms assessed by the Blazina scale was significantly reduced (P < 0.001). The improvements remained significant until 1-year postinjection. Conclusions: BoNT-A is promising as a new treatment for ARGP but should be fully assessed in a randomized controlled trial.
Do You Use Love to Make it Lovely? The Role of Meaning Overlap across Morphological Relatives in the Development of Morphological Representations

Abstract We examined whether and how the degree of meaning overlap between morphologically related words influences sentence plausibility judgment in children. In two separate studies with kindergarten and second-graders, English-speaking and French-speaking children judged the plausibility of sentences that included two paired target words. Some of these word pairs were morphologically related, across three conditions with differing levels of meaning overlap: low (wait-waiter), moderate (fold-folder) and high (farm-farmer). In another two conditions, word pairs were related only by phonology (rock-rocket) or semantics (car-automobile). Children in both ages and languages demonstrated higher plausibility scores as meaning overlap increased between morphologically related words. Further, kindergarten children rated sentences that included word pairs with phonological overlap as more plausible than second-grade children, while second-grade children rated those with high meaning overlap as more plausible than kindergarten children. We interpret these findings in light of current models of morphological development.
On the Morita invariance of Categorical Enumerative Invariants

Categorical Enumerative Invariants (CEI) are invariants associated with unital cyclic A∞-categories that are smooth, proper and satisfy the Hodge-to-de-Rham degeneration property. In this paper, we formulate and prove their Morita invariance. In particular, when applied to derived categories of coherent sheaves, this yields new birational invariants of smooth and proper Calabi-Yau 3-folds.
Fairly Allocating (Contiguous) Dynamic Indivisible Items with Few Adjustments

We study the problem of dynamically allocating $T$ indivisible items to $n$ agents with the restriction that the allocation is fair all the time. Due to the negative results to achieve fairness when allocations are irrevocable, we allow adjustments to make fairness attainable with the objective to minimize the number of adjustments. For restricted additive or general identical valuations, we show that envy-freeness up to one item (EF1) can be achieved with no adjustments. For additive valuations, we give an EF1 algorithm that requires $O(mT)$ adjustments, improving the previous result of $O(nmT)$ adjustments, where $m$ is the maximum number of different valuations for items among all agents. We further impose the contiguity constraint on items such that items are arranged on a line by the order they arrive and require that each agent obtains a consecutive block of items. We present extensive results to achieve either proportionality with an additive approximate factor (PROPa) or EF1, where PROPa is a weaker fairness notion than EF1. In particular, we show that for identical valuations, achieving PROPa requires $\Theta(nT)$ adjustments. Moreover, we show that it is hopeless to make any significant improvement for either PROPa or EF1 when valuations are nonidentical. Our results exhibit a large discrepancy between the identical and nonidentical cases in both contiguous and noncontiguous settings. All our positive results are computationally efficient.
Adaptive Passivity-Based Pose Tracking Control of Cable-Driven Parallel Robots for Multiple Attitude Parameterizations

This article presents a pose tracking controller for a six degree-of-freedom (DOF) overconstrained cable-driven parallel robot (CDPR). The proposed control method uses an adaptive feedforward-based controller to establish a passive input–output mapping for the CDPR. This is used alongside a linear time-invariant (LTI) strictly positive real (SPR) feedback controller to guarantee robust closed-loop input–output stability and asymptotic pose trajectory tracking via the passivity theorem. A novelty of the proposed controller is its formulation for use with a range of payload attitude parameterizations, including any unconstrained attitude parameterization, the quaternion, or the direction cosine matrix (DCM). The performance and robustness of the proposed controller is demonstrated through numerical simulations of a CDPR with rigid and flexible cables models. The results show that making use of a multiplicative computation of the pose error, such as when the quaternion or DCM is used within the control law, results in better performance compared to the use of linearized Euler-angle parameterization often used for control of CDPR.
A Fourth-Order Embedded Boundary Finite Volume Method for the Unsteady Stokes Equations with Complex Geometries

A fourth-order finite volume embedded boundary (EB) method is presented for the unsteady Stokes equations. The algorithm represents complex geometries on a Cartesian grid using EB, employing a technique to mitigate the"small cut-cell"problem without mesh modifications, cell merging, or state redistribution. Spatial discretizations are based on a weighted least-squares technique that has been extended to fourth-order operators and boundary conditions, including an approximate projection to enforce the divergence-free constraint. Solutions are advanced in time using a fourth-order additive implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta method, with the viscous and source terms treated implicitly and explicitly, respectively. Formal accuracy of the method is demonstrated with several grid convergence studies, and results are shown for an application with a complex bio-inspired material. The developed method achieves fourth-order accuracy and is stable despite the pervasive small cells arising from complex geometries.
A New Heterogeneous Graph Representation in a Social Media Platform: Steemit

—Recently, temporal graphs have substituted dynamic graphs as many real-world problems evolve in continuous time rather than in discrete time, and besides time almost all problems are designed in a heterogeneous format rather than a homogeneous one. However, most existing graph representations do not consider time in their components. To this end, in this paper, we present a new heterogeneous graph representation including time in every single component of the graph, i.e., nodes and edges. We also introduce four time-dependent queries to address machine learning or deep learning problems. Our ﬁndings reveal that considering the size of the enormous graphs, our time-dependent queries execute efﬁciently. In order to show the expressive power of time in graph representation, we construct a graph for a new social media platform (Steemit), and address a DL prediction task using graph neural networks (GNNs). Predicting the payout for a newly published post is one of the most fascinating classiﬁcation problems in the Steemit setting, and we address this problem with two approaches followed by GNN models.
Quantum Simulation on Noisy Superconducting Quantum Computers

Quantum simulation is a potentially powerful application of quantum computing, holding the promise to be able to emulate interesting quantum systems beyond the reach of classical computing methods. Despite such promising applications, and the increase in active research, there is little introductory literature or demonstrations of the topic at a graduate or undergraduate student level. This artificially raises the barrier to entry into the field which already has a limited workforce, both in academia and industry. Here we present an introduction to simulating quantum systems, starting with a chosen Hamiltonian, overviewing state preparation and evolution, and discussing measurement methods. We provide an example simulation by measuring the state dynamics of a tight-binding model with disorder by time evolution using the Suzuki-Trotter decomposition. Furthermore, error mitigation and noise reduction are essential to executing quantum algorithms on currently available noisy quantum computers. We discuss and demonstrate various error mitigation and circuit optimization techniques that significantly improve performance. All source code is freely available, and we encourage the reader to build upon it.