Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on Natural Language Processing and Semantic Analysis Model Application Based on Conceptual Graphs

: With the rapid development and allround popularization of artificial intelligence, all walks of life are also trying their best to promote the cross integration of information in different fields, using the Internet to promote industrial transformation, and promoting the transformation of industrial economy to information economy. Therefore, semantic understanding and text analysis are more and more indepth research in enterprise information intelligence. In order to meet the needs of effective analysis and processing a large amount of information data in key construction projects of large-scale energy enterprises, this paper proposes a natural language processing and semantic analysis model based on conceptual graphs design. The content of the unstructured data collected is studied by unsupervised machine learning according to the organization and representation knowledge in the conceptual graphs model, and then it is selfcontained the function of dynamic recognition of text semantics through text analyzer, and output the corresponding learning feedback results. The practical application results show that the design model is feasible, which significantly improves the learning effect and the accuracy of information screening, and also provides strong support for the follow-up big data analysis.
Fine-scale spatio-temporal variation in tiger Panthera tigris diet: effect of study duration and extent on estimates of tiger diet in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Abstract Attempts to conserve declining tiger Panthera tigris populations and distributions have experienced limited success. The poaching of tiger prey is a key threat to tiger persistence; a clear understanding of tiger diet is a prerequisite to conserve dwindling populations. We used unpublished data on tiger diet in combination with two previously published studies to examine fine-scale spatio-temporal changes in tiger diet relative to prey abundance in Chitwan National Park, Nepal, and aggregated data from the three studies to examine the effect that study duration and the size of the study area have on estimates of tiger diet. Our results correspond with those of previous studies: in all three studies, tiger diet was dominated by members of Cervidae; small to medium-sized prey was important in one study. Tiger diet was unrelated to prey abundance, and the aggregation of studies indicates that increasing study duration and study area size both result in increased dietary diversity in terms of prey categories consumed, and increasing study duration changed which prey species contributed most to tiger diet. Based on our results, we suggest that managers focus their efforts on minimizing the poaching of all tiger prey, and that future studies of tiger diet be of long duration and large spatial extent to improve our understanding of spatio-temporal variation in estimates of tiger diet.
Intelligent Swing-Up and Robust Stabilization via Tube-based Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for A Rotational Inverted-Pendulum System

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new robust nonlinear model-based predictive control scheme applied to a rotational inverted-pendulum system. The rotational pendulum is composed by a mechanical arm attached to a free-motion pendulum (orthogonal to the arm), namely Furuta Pendulum. In principle, a Fuzzy controller enables the robotic arm bar to lift the rotational pendulum through oscillatory swing-up motion up to automatically achieve the upper equilibrium position in a prescribed stabilizing operation range. After the pendulum reaches the operating range, an intelligent control bypass system allows the transition between the swing-up motion controller and a robust predictive controller to maintain the angular position of the pendulum around the upward critical position. To achieve robust performance, a centralized control framework combines a triplet of control actions. The first one compensates for disturbances using the regulation trajectory –feedforward control. The second control action corrects errors produced by modelling mismatch. The third controller assures robustness on the closed-loop system whilst compensating for deviations of the state trajectories from the nominal ones (i.e, disturbance-free). The control strategy provides robust feasibility despite constraints on the arm bar and pendulum's actuators are met. Such constraints are calculated on-line based on robust positively invariant sets characterised by polytopic sets (tubes). The proposed controller is tested in a series of simulations, and experimentally validated on a high-fidelity simulation environment including a rotational inverted-pendulum built for educational purposes. The results show that robust control performance is strengthened against disturbances of the closed-loop system benchmarked to inherently-robust linear and nonlinear predictive controllers.
Fine-Scale Population Genetic Structure and Dispersal of Juvenile Steelhead in the Bulkley-Morice River, British Columbia

Abstract A knowledge of fine-scale population genetic structure and patterns of dispersal is an essential component of any action to conserve genetic diversity and maintain population viability. We genotyped 417 juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from the main stem and tributaries of the Bulkley–Morice River, British Columbia, at 10 microsatellite loci to assess fine-scale population structure and the patterns and magnitude of juvenile dispersal and mixing. We detected significant genetic structuring among juvenile steelhead from seven tributaries of the Bulkley–Morice River (pairwise F ST: 0.008–0.156) and found significant isolation by distance among the tributary populations (R 2 = 0.198, P = 0.038). These results reflect the homing behavior of spawning adults as well as the temporal stability of those populations. Genotype assignment of tributary-caught juveniles showed that rates of juvenile dispersal varied among tributaries. The assignment of juveniles sampled from the main stem of the river to.
Pathogen‐derived resistance targeted against the negative‐strand RNA of tobacco mosaic virus: RNA strand‐specific gene silencing?

Summary Tobacco plants transformed with the open-reading frame (ORF) of tobacco mosaic virus strain U1 (TMV-U1) encoding a 54 kDa (54K) region of the viral replicase are resistant against TMV strain U1. These plants are not resistant against the crucifer strain of TMV or the heterologous virus, potato virus X (PVX). However, they are resistant against derivatives of PVX containing fragments of the 54K ORF inserted either in the sense or anti-sense orientation. The smallest fragment that was a target of the resistance mechanism was a 383 nucleotide region from the central part of the 54K ORF. A transient gene expression assay revealed that this central region was also the target of a post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism. However, unlike other examples of gene silencing associated with virus resistance, the silencing was specific for the anti-sense rather than the coding strand of the target RNA. Based on these data the authors propose that the TMV resistance is due, at least in part, to a type of transgene silencing.
The Immunologic Response to Xenografts

The humoral response of rats to mouse xenografts included production of antibodies that detected the major histocompatibility alloantigens of donor mice with remarkable specificity. Although these antibodies were present in high titer, their effects were generally masked by “species-specific” activity until after appropriate absorptions. The absorption process produced significant anticomplementary activity in the absorbed sera, which may explain difficulties previously experienced in recognizing allospecificity in xenoantisera. The fact that histocompatibility alloantigens, unlike other alloantigens, are recognized readily by a xenogeneic host may indicate greater homology between major histocompatibility antigens of different species than was previously recognized.
Developmental effects of additional ultraviolet a radiation, growth regulators and tyrosine in Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze cultured in vitro

Tissue cultures of Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze were treated with different growth regulators (Kinetin and 2,4-D), tyrosine and Ultraviolet A radiation (UV-A; 320 - 400 nm) to investigate their effects on development and pigment production. Nodal segments of plantlets grown from seeds were inoculated in all tested media and different light conditions. After eight weeks, this material was used to evaluate biomass, chlorophyll and betacyanin production. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) + kinetin medium resulted in development of approximately four shoots/explant. This medium plus white light was the best combination for micropropagation with the highest rooting percentage and betacyanin production. Plantlets grown under UV-A illumination reduced biomass accumulation and worse Chlorophyll a / Chlorophyll b ratio. Addition of 2,4-D resulted in inhibition of pigment production and growth of plantlets.
Modelling the range of Syrian spadefoot toad ( Pelobates syriacus ) with combination of GIS-based approaches

Syrian spadefoot toads (Pelobates syriacus) are found from Balkan Peninsula throughout the Caucasus, Middle East, and Northern Iran. However, the range of this species is sufficiently mapped only in Balkans. Based on the detailed mapping of the species in Georgia, we analysed the environmental factors influencing species occurrence and produced spatial models for the entire range. Nine models based on the logistic regression, discriminant function analysis, and classification tree analysis, all showed significant influence of the vegetation index and maximum summer temperature on the species distribution. The habitat suitability models based on the presence-only data (Mahalanobis distance estimation and Maximum Entropy approach) had a better performance than the models based on the presence-absence data. The habitat suitability models included two variables only, identified as significant in all preliminary analyses. The area identified as suitable by presence-only models strongly increases when a few environmental variables are included in the analysis. When only two variables are considered, the model predicted large areas north of the actual range. Competition with the related common spadefoot toad (P. fuscus) might have a role on the position of the northern limit of the range of P. syriacus. Within the predicted range, use of breeding sites is negatively associated with presence of fish. Breeding pond preferences of P. syriacus were particularly similar to those of the lake frog (Rana ridibunda), although the latter species uses appropriate habitats more extensively.
THE PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP OF PFIESTERIA PISCICIDA, CRYPTOPERIDINIOPSOID SP. AMYLOODINOUM OCELLATUM AND A PFIESTERIA‐LIKE DINOFLAGELLATE TO OTHER DINOFLAGELLATES AND APICOMPLEXANS

The taxonomic relationship between heterotrophic and parasitic dinoflagellates has not been studied extensively at the molecular level. In order to investigate these taxonomic relationships, we sequenced the small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA gene of Pfiesteria piscicida (Steidinger et Burkholder), a Pfiesteria‐like dinoflagellate, Cryptoperidiniopsoid sp. , and Amyloodinium ocellatum (Brown) and submitted those sequences to GenBank. Pfiesteria piscicida and Cryptoperidiniopsoid sp. are heterotrophic dinoflagellates, purportedly pathogenic to fish, and A. ocellatum, a major fish pathogen, has caused extensive economic losses in both the aquarium and aquaculture industries. The pathogenicity of the Pfiesteria‐like dinoflagellate is unknown at this time, but its growth characteristics and in vitro food preferences are similar to those of P. piscicda. The SSU sequences of these species were aligned with the other full‐length dinoflagellate sequences, as well as those of representative apicomplexans and Perkinsus species, the groups most closely related to dinoflagellates. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that Cryptoperidiniopsoid sp. , P. piscicida, and the Pfiesteria‐like dinoflagellate are closely related and group into the class Blastodiniphyceae, as does A. ocellatum. None of the species examined were closely related to the apicomplexans or to Perkinsus marinus, the parasite that causes “Dermo disease” in oysters. The overall phylogenetic analyses largely supported the current class and subclass groupings within the dinoflagellates.
Elevational patterns of plant richness and their drivers on an Asian mountain

We examined the elevational patterns of plant species along two transects on Mt Seorak, South Korea, and calculated four richness indices from fi eld survey data: total number of species per 100 m elevational band; mean number of species per plot in each elevational band; total estimated number of species per elevational band; and beta diversity of each elevational band. We evaluated the eff ects of area, mean distance between plots, climatic variables (mean annual temperature and precipitation), and productivity on the richness patterns along the two transects. In total, 235 plant species belonging to 72 families and 161 genera were recorded from 130 plots along the two transects. Th e analyses revealed diff erent patterns including monotonic decline, and unimodal and multimodal shapes for richness indices of total, woody, and herbaceous plants with the change in elevation along the two transects. Th e proportion of suitable area (as opposed to rocky areas) was the best predictor for total number of species per elevational band, mean number of species per plot, and total estimated number of species per elevational band of total and herbaceous plants along the two transects. Mean distance between plots was the most important variable for beta diversity of all plant groups. Although regional area, climatic variables, and productivity were important variables for predicting woody plant richness patterns, the eff ects were not consistent between the two transects. Our study suggests that elevational species richness patterns may diff er not only among diff erent plant groups, but also between nearby elevational transects, and that these diff erences are explained by diff erences in the underlying mechanisms shaping these patterns.
Photolyase activity of the embryo and the ultraviolet absorbance of embryo jelly for several Ontario amphibian species

Organisms whose eggs develop at or near the interface between air and water may be particularly vulnerable to damage from ultraviolet radiation. The primary form of ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation damage to biological systems is the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CBPDs) in DNA. The most common method of repairing this damage is photoenzymatic repair via photolyase, whose actions are specific to CBPDs. We utilized a bacterial-transformation assay to estimate the level of photolyase activity of various tissue types in seven species of amphibians collected in south-central Ontario. In this assay, the photolyase activity of a species is measured as the rate of CBPD removal from UV-B-damaged plasmid DNA by cell-free extracts created from the tissue of the species in question. The depth of oviposition and the UV-B absorbance of the embryo jelly, two variables that alter an embryo's in situ exposure to UV-B radiation, were measured to determine whether the level of photolyase activity was correlated .
Knowledge-based image processing for on-off type DNA microarray

This paper addresses the image processing technique for discriminating whether the probes are hybrized with target DNA in the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) DNA Chip designed for genotyping HPV. In addition to the probes, the HPV DNA chip has markers that always react with the sample DNA. The positions of probe-dots in the final scanned image are fixed relative to the marker-dot locations with a small variation according to the accuracy of the dotter and the scanner. The probes are duplicated 4 times for the diagnostic stability. The prior knowledges such as the maker relative distance and the duplication information of probes is integrated into the template matching technique with the normalized correlation measure. Results show that the employment of both of the prior knowledges is to simply average the template matching measures over the positions of the markers and probes. The eventual proposed scheme yields stable marker locating and probe classification.
The Aphidiidae of Chile (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea, Aphidiidae)

The results of an over-all review of aphidiid parasitoids are 8 genera and 22 species from Chile. Most of the material was obtained by rearing different aphid species (incl. pests and non-pest species) collected in various environments. The aphidiid fauna and its relationships are analysed and discussed. The genera and species are keyed and a list of aphid-parasitoid associations is given. The taxonomy of Diaeretus porteri BRETHES, 1910 vs. Aphidius colemani Viereck, 1912 is discussed. Trioxys (Bindoxys) chilensis sp.n. is described.
Export of Nutrients in Plant Biomass Following Harvest of Eucalypt Plantations in Kerala, India

Abstract Pools of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were examined in the soil and above-ground plant biomass at the end of a 7 year rotation at two E. tereticornis lowland sites and two E. grandis highland sites in Kerala, India. Potential export rates of these nutrients were also examined for different biomass removal scenarios from the plantations. Pools of nutrients were measured in the above-ground components of the tree crop, forest floor and understorey, and in soil down to 1 m depth. At harvest, large quantities of biomass and nutrients are removed from eucalypt plantation sites, with the quantities of nutrients exported unlikely to be replaced through natural atmospheric and weathering inputs. Between 24 Mg ha-1 and 115 Mg ha-1 of biomass was exported in stem wood across the sites, and this increased to 40-145 Mg ha-1 in scenarios where all of the branches, bark and understorey were also exported. Stem wood had the lowest concentration of nutrients and had a relatively low export of nutrient per kg of biomass. On average, 54 kg, 12 kg and 65 kg of N, P and K were removed per hectare in stem wood only, equivalent to 0.46%, 0.17%, and 6.7%, respectively, of above- and below-ground (to 1 m depth) site pools. Export increased to 194 kg, 30 kg, and 220 kg of N, P and K per hectare if the branches, bark and understorey were also removed (equivalent to 1.6%, 0.5% and 24.7% of above- and below-ground site pools down to 1 m depth). Export of Ca and Mg was also high, with an average of 88 kg and 11 kg of Ca and Mg removed per hectare if only the stem wood was taken (3.12% and 1.34% of total above-ground and exchangeable below-ground to 1 m depth), increasing to 501 kg ha-1 and 66 kg ha-1 if the branches, bark and understorey were also removed (21.7% and 11.3% of total above-ground and available below-ground to 1 m depth). Removals of this magnitude represent a significant proportion of site nutrient pools and have the potential to reduce future plantation productivity unless steps are taken to promote retention of biomass and nutrients on site and/or replacement of nutrients through fertilizer application.
Cadmium uptake in Anacystis nidulans: effect of modifying factors

Cd2+ uptake rates in the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans IU 625 (ATCC 27144) were found to be concentration-dependent. While Ca2+ and Zn2+ showed competitive inhibition, Hg2+ enhanced Cd2+ uptake. The pH values optimal for growth of the organism (pH 8.5) resulted in more Cd2+ uptake than low (pH 6.5) or high pH (10.0) conditions. Dithiol (dithiothreitol) proved more effective in lessening Cd2+ uptake than monothiol (mercaptoethanol). The test organism suspended in spent medium showed negligible Cd2+ uptake. Among the sythetic complexans, EDTA inhibited metal uptake, while citrate favored the process. There was more Cd2+ uptake by dense cultures, but the specific rate expressed per unit protein was less.
Shape-From-Shading Using the Heat Equation

This paper offers two new directions to shape-from-shading, namely the use of the heat equation to smooth the field of surface normals and the recovery of surface height using a low-dimensional embedding. Turning our attention to the first of these contributions, we pose the problem of surface normal recovery as that of solving the steady state heat equation subject to the hard constraint that Lambert's law is satisfied. We perform our analysis on a plane perpendicular to the light source direction, where the z component of the surface normal is equal to the normalized image brightness. The x-y or azimuthal component of the surface normal is found by computing the gradient of a scalar field that evolves with time subject to the heat equation. We solve the heat equation for the scalar potential and, hence, recover the azimuthal component of the surface normal from the average image brightness, making use of a simple finite difference method. The second contribution is to pose the problem of recovering the surface height function as that of embedding the field of surface normals on a manifold so as to preserve the pattern of surface height differences and the lattice footprint of the surface normals. We experiment with the resulting method on a variety of real-world image data, where it produces qualitatively good reconstructed surfaces
A complete problem for statistical zero knowledge

We present the first complete problem for SZK, the class of promise problems possessing statistical zero-knowledge proofs (against an honest verifier). The problem, called Statistical Difference, is to decide whether two efficiently samplable distributions are either statistically close or far apart. This gives a new characterization of SZK that makes no reference to interaction or zero knowledge.We propose the use of complete problems to unify and extend the study of statistical zero knowledge. To this end, we examine several consequences of our Completeness Theorem and its proof, such as:---A way to make every (honest-verifier) statistical zero-knowledge proof very communication efficient, with the prover sending only one bit to the verifier (to achieve soundness error 1/2). ---Simpler proofs of many of the previously known results about statistical zero knowledge, such as the Fortnow and Aiello--H&##949;stad upper bounds on the complexity of SZK and Okamoto's result that SZK is closed under complement. ---Strong closure properties of SZK that amount to constructing statistical zero-knowledge proofs for complex assertions built out of simpler assertions already shown to be in SZK. ---New results about the various measures of "knowledge complexity," including a collapse in the hierarchy corresponding to knowledge complexity in the "hint" sense. ---Algorithms for manipulating the statistical difference between efficiently samplable distributions, including transformations that "polarize" and "reverse" the statistical relationship between a pair of distributions.