Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hyperthermia: The Optimal Treatment to Overcome Radiation Resistant Hypoxia

Regions of low oxygenation (hypoxia) are a characteristic feature of solid tumors, and cells existing in these regions are a major factor influencing radiation resistance as well as playing a significant role in malignant progression. Consequently, numerous pre-clinical and clinical attempts have been made to try and overcome this hypoxia. These approaches involve improving oxygen availability, radio-sensitizing or killing the hypoxic cells, or utilizing high LET (linear energy transfer) radiation leading to a lower OER (oxygen enhancement ratio). Interestingly, hyperthermia (heat treatments of 39–45 °C) induces many of these effects. Specifically, it increases blood flow thereby improving tissue oxygenation, radio-sensitizes via DNA repair inhibition, and can kill cells either directly or indirectly by causing vascular damage. Combining hyperthermia with low LET radiation can even result in anti-tumor effects equivalent to those seen with high LET. The various mechanisms depend on the time and sequence between radiation and hyperthermia, the heating temperature, and the time of heating. We will discuss the role these factors play in influencing the interaction between hyperthermia and radiation, and summarize the randomized clinical trials showing a benefit of such a combination as well as suggest the potential future clinical application of this combination.
Treatment results of childhood Ewing's sarcoma of the bone in Serbia.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to present treatment results of childhood Ewing's sarcoma (ES) of the bone in Serbia and to analyze prognostic factors. METHODS We performed a detailed analysis on a series of 107 patients with ES of the bone treated at the Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia between 2000 and 2014, using modern multimodal therapy. RESULTS Median age at the time of diagnosis was 14 years, with 56.07% of the patients being ≤14 years. There was a male predominance (59.81%). The most common primary sites were pelvis (25.23%), femur (17.76%) and tibia (12.15%). Thirty-four patients (31.78%) had metastatic disease, 17 of which had isolated lung metastases, 9 bone metastases and 8 patients had both. Tumor size ≤ 8 cm had 38.32% and >8 cm had 61.68% patients. Overall, 51.4% patients underwent surgery and radiotherapy as a local treatment modality after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Radiotherapy alone was performed in 24 patients. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 43.8%. For patients with localized disease, the 5-year OS was 56.4% and for patients with metastatic disease 17.6%. In patients with initially nonmetastatic disease, age under 14 years, with tumor size <8 cm and a good response to the neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the OS correlated with better outcome. CONCLUSIONS Modern multidisciplinary approach in treatment of childhood ES of the bone in accordance with the recommended pediatric protocols, gives good treatment results. Therapy should be performed in referral centers.
Internet addiction associated with right pars opercularis in females

Background and aims Structural differences in higher-order brain areas are common features of behavioral addictions, including Internet addiction (IA) as well. Taking into consideration the limited number of studies and methods used in previous studies on IA, our aim was to investigate the correlates of IA and the morphometry of the frontal lobes. Methods To observe these relationships, the high-resolution T1-weighted MR images of 144 healthy, Caucasian, university students were analyzed with volumetry and voxel-based morphometry. The Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire (PIUQ) was used to assess IA. Results We found significant correlations between PIUQ subscales and the volume of the right pars opercularis volume and gray matter mass in women. Discussion and conclusion The increased gray matter measures of this structure might be explained with the extended effort to control for the impulsive behavior in addiction, and with the increased number of social interactions via the Internet.
Mark My Words: High Frequency Marker Words Impact Early Stages of Language Learning

High frequency words have been suggested to benefit both speech segmentation and grammatical categorization of the words around them. Despite utilizing similar information, these tasks are usually investigated separately in studies examining learning. We determined whether including high frequency words in continuous speech could support categorization when words are being segmented for the first time. We familiarized learners with continuous artificial speech comprising repetitions of target words, which were preceded by high-frequency marker words. Crucially, marker words distinguished targets into 2 distributionally defined categories. We measured learning with segmentation and categorization tests and compared performance against a control group that heard the artificial speech without these marker words (i.e., just the targets, with no cues for categorization). Participants segmented the target words from speech in both conditions, but critically when the marker words were present, they influenced acquisition of word-referent mappings in a subsequent transfer task, with participants demonstrating better early learning for mappings that were consistent (rather than inconsistent) with the distributional categories. We propose that high-frequency words may assist early grammatical categorization, while speech segmentation is still being learned.
Supplementation with extract of pumpkin seeds exerts estrogenic effects upon the uterine, serum lipids, mammary glands, and bone density in ovariectomized rats

Pumpkin seeds contain lignan phytoestrogens, which have the potential to retrieve menopausal syndromes caused by estrogen deficiency. This study aims to determine the estrogenic effects of the extract of pumpkin seeds (EPS). In vitro experiment was performed by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on CHO‐K1 cells. In vivo experiments were conducted using 24 of 7‐weeks‐old female Sprague Dawley rats, divided into four treatment groups (ovariectomized [OVX], ovariectomized for treatment with 2‐μM 17β‐estradiol, ovariectomized for treatment with 500 mg/kg BW EPS, and ovariectomized for treatment with 1000 mg/kg body weight (BW) EPS) and two baseline groups (OVX and sham). Uterine weight, mammary glands, serum lipid, and bone density were observed after 30 days. In silico experiment was conducted through molecular docking of secoisolariciresinol and lariciresinol to the estrogen receptors (ERs). EPS exhibited a biphasic effect, inducing cell growth at 10–100 μg/mL and decreasing cell viability at 250–1000 μg/mL. EPS 1000 mg/kg BW improved uterine weight and retrieved mammary glands comparable with 17β‐estradiol. Meanwhile, EPS 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW increased high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), decreased low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), and recovered bone density in correlation with the decreasing osteoclasts and increasing osteoblasts. The docking score of secoisolariciresinol with ERα and ERβ were −91.13 and −95.87, respectively, and lariciresinol were −80.91 and −90.29, respectively. These results demonstrated that EPS performs estrogenic properties in rats model and potential to overcome symptoms caused by estrogen deficiency.
Photothermal Ablation of Cancer Cells by Albumin-Modified Gold Nanorods and Activation of Dendritic Cells

Nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy has been widely studied for cancer treatment. It is important to disclose how photothermally ablated tumor cells trigger immune responses. In this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated gold nanorods (BSA-coated AuNRs) were prepared and used for photothermal ablation of breast tumor cells. The BSA-coated AuNRs showed high photothermal conversion efficiency and good photothermal ablation effect towards tumor cells. The ablated tumor cells were co-cultured with immature dendritic cells (DCs) through a direct cell contacting model and diffusion model to confirm the stimulatory effects of cell⁻cell interaction and soluble factors released from ablated tumor cells. The results indicated that photothermally ablated tumor cells induced immune-stimulatory responses of DCs through both cell⁻cell interaction and soluble factors. The results should be useful for synergistic photothermal-immunotherapy of primary and metastatic cancer.
Chum salmon migrating upriver adjust to environmental temperatures through metabolic compensation

ABSTRACT Ectotherms adjust their thermal performance to various thermal ranges by altering their metabolic rates. These metabolic adjustments involve plastic and/or genetic traits and pathways depend on species-specific ecological contexts. Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) are ecologically unique among the Pacific salmonids as early-run and late-run populations are commonly observed in every part of their range. In the Sanriku coastal area, Japan, early-run adults experience high water temperatures (12–24°C) during their migration, compared with those of the late-run adults (4–15°C), suggesting that the two populations might have different thermal performance. Here, we found population-specific differences in the thermal sensitivities of metabolic rates [resting metabolic rate, RMR, and maximum (aerobic) metabolic rate, MMR] and critical temperature maxima. Using these parameters, we estimated thermal performance curves of absolute aerobic scope (AAS). The populations had different thermal performance curves of AAS, and in both populations high values of AAS were maintained throughout the range of ecologically relevant temperatures. However, the populations did not vary substantially in the peak (AAS at optimal temperature, ToptAAS) or breadth (width of sub-optimal temperature range) of the performance curves. The AAS curve of early-run fish was shifted approximately 3°C higher than that of late-run fish. Furthermore, when the data for RMR and MMR were aligned to the thermal differences from ToptAAS, it became clear that the populations did not differ in the temperature dependence of their metabolic traits. Our results indicate that chum salmon thermally accommodate through compensatory alterations in metabolic rates. Our results imply that metabolic plasticity and/or the effect of genetic variance on plasticity might play a pivotal role in their thermal accommodation. Highlighted Article: Thermal accommodation in salmon migrating upriver is achieved via thermal metabolic compensation.
Evaluation of the Influence of Etiological Factors on the Economic Burden of Ischemic Stroke in Younger Patients in China Using the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) Classification

Background Worldwide, stroke results in healthcare costs and economic costs, particularly in patients aged <45 years. This study aimed to evaluate the factors influencing the economic burden of ischemic stroke in younger patients in China based on the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) etiological classification. Material/Methods Retrospective review of the medical records of 961 patients aged between 18–45 years, diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke, was performed to identify healthcare costs for one year. Stroke severity was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Stroke was categorized according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification as being due to large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), cardioembolism (CE), small artery occlusion (SAO), other determined causes (OC), and undetermined etiology (UND). Results Total direct medical costs at one-year follow-up were US$10,954.14, including inpatient cost of US$5,958.44, and outpatient cost of US$3,397.60. Inpatient and total costs at one year were significantly increased in the CE subtype (P<0.001), and were significantly less in the UND subtype (P<0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that mRS score, TOAST category, NIHSS score, and the presence of atrial fibrillation were the significant factors influencing cost at one-year follow-up and total cost in younger patients with ischemic stroke. Overall, patient costs in China were less than those in high-income countries. Conclusions In the younger patient population in China, etiological factors influenced the economic burden of ischemic stroke.
Blood Pressure Variability, Mortality, and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Short-term BP variability (derived from 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring) and long-term BP variability (from clinic visit to clinic visit) are directly related to risk for cardiovascular events, but these relationships have been scarcely investigated in patients with CKD, and their prognostic value in this population is unknown. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS In a cohort of 402 patients with CKD, we assessed associations of short- and long-term systolic BP variability with a composite end point of death or cardiovascular event. Variability was defined as the standard deviation of observed BP measurements. We further tested the prognostic value of these parameters for risk discrimination and reclassification. RESULTS Mean ± SD short-term systolic BP variability was 12.6±3.3 mm Hg, and mean ± SD long-term systolic BP variability was 12.7±5.1 mm Hg. For short-term BP variability, 125 participants experienced the composite end point over a median follow-up of 4.8 years (interquartile range, 2.3-8.6 years). For long-term BP variability, 110 participants experienced the composite end point over a median follow-up of 3.2 years (interquartile range, 1.0-7.5 years). In adjusted analyses, long-term BP variability was significantly associated with the composite end point (hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.51 per 5-mm Hg higher SD of office systolic BP), but short-term systolic BP variability was not (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.68 to 1.25 per 5-mm Hg higher SD of 24-hour ambulatory systolic BP). Neither estimate of BP variability improved risk discrimination or reclassification compared with a simple risk prediction model. CONCLUSIONS In patients with CKD, long-term but not short-term systolic BP variability is related to the risk of death and cardiovascular events. However, BP variability has a limited role for prediction in CKD.
In vivo metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 abnormalities localize the epileptogenic zone in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

Surgical specimens from patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) show abnormalities in tissue concentrations of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5). To clarify whether these abnormalities are specific to the epileptogenic zone (EZ), we characterized in vivo whole‐brain mGluR5 availability in MTLE patients using positron emission tomography (PET) and [11C]ABP688, a radioligand that binds specifically to the mGluR5 allosteric site.
Strategic planning for municipalities: Ensuring progress and relevance

This article focuses on developing critical mechanisms to ensure the progress and relevance of a strategic plan. These mechanisms include the establishment of business planning processes, performance management and measurement, and reporting of strategic success. Although the focus here is on the public sector, these ideas can also be applied to and have relevance for strategic planning in any organizational context.
A novel association of rs13334070 in the RPGRIP1L gene with adiposity factors discovered by joint linkage and linkage disequilibrium analysis in Iranian pedigrees: Tehran Cardiometabolic Genetic Study (TCGS)

Understanding the genetic and metabolic bases of obesity is helpful in planning and developing health strategies. Therefore, the first family‐based joint linkage and linkage disequilibrium study was conducted in Iranian pedigrees to assess the relationship between obesity and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the 16q12.2 region. In the present study, a total of 13,344 individuals were included, of whom 12,502 individuals were within 3,109 pedigrees and 842 were unrelated singletons. To investigate the relationship between obesity and genetic variants, a joint model of linkage and linkage disequilibrium was applied. Moreover, a sequence kernel association test (SKAT) was used to evaluate the association of the SNP set with body size and lipid profile measurements. The joint model showed that rs13334070, in the intron 4 of the RPGRIP1L gene, has a significant association with obesity. According to the 4‐gamete rule, which is a procedure for constructing SNP sets by considering recombination occurrence between SNPs, this polymorphism has a high correlation with six nearby SNPs that make an SNP set. SKAT showed that this SNP set has a significant association with body size factors, but almost no association with most of the lipid profile measurements. In conclusion, from the result of this study, it might be reasonable to consider RPGRIP1L as an important gene whose variations could be associated with obesity risk factors.
ZİHİNSEL ENGELLİ BİREYLERDE SPORUN ETKİLERİNE YÖNELİK FARKINDALIK: BEDEN EĞİTİMİ ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Bu arastirma, Beden Egitimi ve Spor Yuksekokulu (BESYO) Ogretmenlik Bolumu son sinif ogretmen adaylarinin zihinsel yetersizlige sahip bireylerde spor etkilerine yonelik farkindalik duzeylerinin incelenmesine odaklanmistir. Arastirmada veri toplama araci olarak arastirmacilar tarafindan gelistirilen “Kisisel Bilgi Formu” ve Ilhan ve Esenturk (2015) tarafindan gelistirilen “Zihinsel Engelli Bireylerde Sporun Etkilerine Yonelik Farkindalik Olcegi (ZEBSEYFO)” kullanilmistir. Katilimcilarin farkindalik duzeyleri, cinsiyet, ailede zihinsel yetersizlige sahip bireyin bulunma durumu, engellilige yonelik bir egitime sahip olup olmama durumu, zihinsel yetersizlige sahip bireyin spor egitimine tanik olma durumu ve katilimcilarin spor yapma durumlari acilarindan karsilastirilmistir. Arastirmanin evrenini 2014-2015 egitim ogretim yilinda mezun olacagi varsayilan BESYO ogretmenlik bolumu, ogretmen adaylari olustururken, orneklemini ise tesadufi orneklem yolu ile secilen universitelerin son sinifinda okuyan 248’i kadin, 367’si erkek olmak uzere genel toplamda 615 beden egitimi ve spor ogretmen adayi olusturmustur. Verilerin degerlendirilmesinde ve hesaplanmis degerlerin bulunmasinda, SPSS 17.0 istatistik paket programi kullaniltir. Normallik sinamasina gore normal dagilim gostermeyen veriler icin nonparametrik testlerden Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal Wallis H testleri, betimsel istatistiklerden; yuzde dagilimlari, aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma degerleri kullanilmistir. Elde edilen bulgulara gore; cinsiyet, ailede zihinsel yetersizlige sahip bireyin bulunma durumu ve zihinsel yetersizlige sahip bireyin spor egitimine tanik olma durumlari acisindan istatistiksel anlamda anlamli sonuclar elde edilememistir ( p>0.05). Buna karsin; engellilere yonelik olarak bir egitim alip almama ve katilimcilarin spor yapip yapmama durumlari acisindan anlamli sonuclar tespit edilmistir. Bu anlamlilik katilimcilarin aktif spor yapiyor olmasi ve engellilere yonelik bir egitim almasi lehine bulunmustur. Sonuc olarak, ulkemizde literature yeni katilan (ZEBSEYFO) olceginden elde edilen bulgular, aktif olarak spor yapan ve engellilerde beden egitimi ve spor egitimi alan ogretmen adaylarinin zihinsel yetersizlige sahip bireylerde spor etkilerine yonelik farkindalik duzeylerinin yuksek oldugunu bulgulamaktadir. Ancak konuya iliskin genellemenin yapilabilmesi icin farkli ve destekleyici calismalara ihtiyac duyulmaktadir. Anahtar Kelimeler; Zihinsel Yetersizlik, Farkindalik, Ogretmen Adayi, spor
Voluntary wheel running prevents the acidosis‐induced decrease in skeletal muscle mitochondrial reactive oxygen species emission

Decreases in pH (acidosis) in vitro can alter skeletal muscle mitochondrial function [respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission]. However, because skeletal muscles readily adapt to exercise, the effects of acidosis may be different on sedentary vs. trained muscle. The aim of this work was to compare the effects of pH on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function between sedentary vs. exercise‐trained male Sprague‐Dawley rats (n = 10 in each cohort). Rates of mitochondrial respiration and ROS emission were determined from the soleus muscle of both cohorts over a physiologic range of pH values (pH 6.2–7.1). Exercise‐trained rats had 14% higher mean muscle buffering capacities; 46 and 40% greater enzyme activity of citrate synthase and lactate dehydrogenase, respectively; and greater activity of respiratory complexes I–IV. ADP‐stimulated respiration with complex I and II substrates was ∼25% greater in exercise‐trained rats but was unaffected by pH in either cohort. In both cohorts, lowering pH decreased respiration only in complex I— and complex II—supported nonphosphorylating (leak) state. However, as pH decreased, ROS emissions in complex I— and complex II—supported leak state decreased only in sedentary rats; in exercise‐trained rats, ROS emissions in this state remained constant. We hypothesize that this effect may result from modulation at complex III, which declined 47% per unit pH in sedentary rats, in comparison to 23% in exercise‐trained rats. Taken together, these data suggest that pH regulates mitochondrial respiratory complexes and that exercise training can decrease the effects of pH on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. —Hedges, C. P., Bishop, D. J., Hickey, A. J. R. Voluntary wheel running prevents the acidosis‐induced decrease in skeletal muscle mitochondrial reactive oxygen species emission. FASEB J. 33, 4996–5004 (2019). www.fasebj. org
Can online self-reports assist in real-time identification of influenza vaccination uptake? A cross-sectional study of influenza vaccine-related tweets in the USA, 2013–2017

Introduction The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) spend significant time and resources to track influenza vaccination coverage each influenza season using national surveys. Emerging data from social media provide an alternative solution to surveillance at both national and local levels of influenza vaccination coverage in near real time. Objectives This study aimed to characterise and analyse the vaccinated population from temporal, demographical and geographical perspectives using automatic classification of vaccination-related Twitter data. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we continuously collected tweets containing both influenza-related terms and vaccine-related terms covering four consecutive influenza seasons from 2013 to 2017. We created a machine learning classifier to identify relevant tweets, then evaluated the approach by comparing to data from the CDC’s FluVaxView. We limited our analysis to tweets geolocated within the USA. Results We assessed 1 124 839 tweets. We found strong correlations of 0.799 between monthly Twitter estimates and CDC, with correlations as high as 0.950 in individual influenza seasons. We also found that our approach obtained geographical correlations of 0.387 at the US state level and 0.467 at the regional level. Finally, we found a higher level of influenza vaccine tweets among female users than male users, also consistent with the results of CDC surveys on vaccine uptake. Conclusion Significant correlations between Twitter data and CDC data show the potential of using social media for vaccination surveillance. Temporal variability is captured better than geographical and demographical variability. We discuss potential paths forward for leveraging this approach.