Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Index of Macroeconomic Performance for a Subset of Countries: A Kaldorian Analysis from the Magic Square Approach Focusing on Brazilian Economy in the Period 1997-2012

This paper aims to evaluate the macroeconomic performance of some chosen countries in the period 1997-2012 using the four variables that compose the â€œmagic squareâ€ diagram suggested by Nicholas Kaldor (1971). In order to avoid problems with the variablesâ€™ scale, the standardized â€œIndex of Economic Welfareâ€ created by ReneI A. Medrano-B and JoaniI lio R. Teixeira (2013) was utilized. The results showed a good performance of China and the Asian countries. Furthermore, in spite of the impact of the crises of 1998 and 2008 into Russia, this country presented a good recuperation and achieved a high index just after these crises. The Brazilian performance was somewhat surprising. The country showed a low growth rate and a progressive current account deficit, both typical of developed nations, along with a high inflation, typical of developing countries. A positive aspect seems to be the countryâ€™s capability of avoiding external crises, like the verified in 2008-2009.
Cooperative Optimal Control Strategy for Microgrid under Grid-Connected and Islanded Modes

This paper investigates the control performance of a physical configuration of a microgrid (MG), integrated with photovoltaic (PV) arrays, battery energy storage systems (BESSs), and variable loads. The main purpose is to achieve cooperative optimal control under both grid-connected and islanded modes for the MG. For the grid-connected mode, a voltage source inverter (VSI) based on swoop control is used to control the MG connection to the grid even if PV arrays are under partially shading conditions (PSC). Then, for the islanded mode, the paper analyzes the model of the PV unit and BESS unit detailed from the small signal point of view and designs the suitable control strategy for them. Finally, the whole MG system combines the droop control and the main/slave control to stabilize the DC bus line voltage and frequency. Both simulation and experimental results confirm that the proposed method can achieve cooperative control of the MG system in both grid-connected and islanded mode.
Evaluation of the association between physical health and religion: A literature review

Physical health is influenced by various factors including religion. There are many questions regarding the impact of religious activities on physical health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find the correlation between physical health and religion. Various databases including PubMed, Ovid, and Medline were investigated. Considering the inclusion criteria, 50 studies were found using the keyword-based information retrieval; though, only 12 papers were approved for the final analysis. Based on the literature review, there is no consensus regarding the impacts of religious practices on physical health; it is not clear whether religious activities result in better physical health and less severe musculoskeletal disorders, or are inversely related to physical health. There are various limitations observed in the available studies; therefore, reaching a firm conclusion might be no easy task. It is recommended that cross-sectional studies be carried out in various regions to find the association between religion and physical health
Simulation of Laser Cladding Process Using Enthalpy Model Integrated into VOF Method

In this paper, a 3D transient numerical model for the simulation of a laser cladding process is developed. The model is based on enthalpy method integrated into Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) algorithm. The developed model takes into account the laser scan speed, the feed rate of the powder being supplied and the surface tension to estimate the clad geometry. Simulations have been performed based on the physical governing equations namely the Navier Stokes equations for fluid flow, and heat conduction and convection equations including phase change for heat transfer within the powder, clad and substrate. The model is capable of predicting the clad height, width and depth with reasonable accuracy.
A century of change in Glaucous-winged Gull (Larus glaucescens) populations in a dynamic coastal environment

ABSTRACT As conspicuous midtrophic omnivores, gulls can serve as useful indicators to characterize long-term ecological changes in marine ecosystems. Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens) have been studied in the Georgia Basin of British Columbia, Canada, an urbanized coastal zone, since the late 1800s. We collated all available information to develop a (noncontinuous) 111-year time series of counts at breeding colonies, and combined these counts with demographic vital rates to assess how changes in historical gull egg harvesting practices, forage fish abundance, and Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) numbers affected gull population trajectories from 1900 to 2010. Mean counts at 87 breeding colonies in the Georgia Basin showed a nonlinear trend, increasing from historical low counts in the early part of the twentieth century to peak values in the 1980s, and declining thereafter to the end of the time series. Demographic models that integrated temporal trends in clutch size and nesting success, and which also included a food-related decline in first-year survival or a further reduction in nesting success as a function of eagle abundance, successfully reproduced trajectories of gull population growth rates over the study period. Glaucous-winged Gulls have thus responded to a series of changes in the Georgia Basin. These patterns are consistent with population release following cessation of egg harvesting; growing reliance by gulls on nonfish foods and resulting declines in clutch size, productivity, and first-year survival; and the effects of recovering Bald Eagle populations. These results highlight the value of compiling data from multiple retrospective studies to better understand the complex factors affecting long-term trends in animal populations.
Toxicological evaluation of chlorpyrifos and neem extract (Biosal B) against 3rd instars larvae of Drosophila melanogaster.

Third instars larvae of Drosophila melanogaster were assessed for toxicological evaluation of Chlorpyrifos and Neem extract. The larvae were found to be melanized and failed to pupate when both the compounds were applied. Lethal concentration (LC50 ) of chlorpyrifos (40EC) 0.0127% and of neem extract (Biosal B) were found to be 2.4%. LC50, were determined to be higher in Neem extract as compared to chlorpyrifos. Treatment of Drosophila with chlorpyrifos and Neem extract suggested that chlorpyrifos is very effective pesticide than Neem extract. Further, the melanization and antifeedent activity revealed that Neem extract may affect up to hormonal level of insect. Both compounds were found to inhibit the level of cholinesterase in treated insects as compared to control.
Semi-Automatic Engineering of Ontologies from Text

Ontologies have become an important means for structuring information and information systems and, hence, important in knowledge as well as in software engineering. However, there remains the problem of engineering large and adequate ontologies within short time frames in order to keep costs low. For this purpose, e orts have been made to facilitate the ontology engineering process, in particular the acquisition of ontologies from domain texts. We present a general architecture for discovering conceptual structures and engineering ontologies. Based on the architecture we propose a new approach to extend current approaches, who mostly focus on the semi-automatic acquisition of taxonomies, by the discovery of non-taxonomic conceptual relations. We use a generalized association rule algorithm that does not only detect relations between concepts, but also determines the appropriate level of abstraction at which to de ne relations.
The liberalization and (re)regulation of Dutch gambling markets: National consequences of the changing European context

This paper deals with the liberalization of Dutch gambling markets, in particular the (re)regulation of these markets after 2002. It is argued that during the 1990s a neo-liberal ‘‘risk regime’’ of gambling regulation replaced the traditional moralizing and restrictive gambling policies. However, this risk regime has recently been challenged by the development of Internet gambling, the discussions about the ‘‘Services Directive’’ in the European Parliament and cases brought to the European Court of Justice. These circumstances are redefining the European context for national gambling policies and gambling organizations. Together with a growing risk awareness, this has caused the Dutch government to reconsider its gambling policies. This paper outlines the basic features of the risk regime of gambling regulation, and makes clear that after a decade of great leniency and tremendous market growth, the Dutch gambling markets, including casinos, lotteries and slot machines, were confronted with serious backwashes.
A Model for Industrial Development of the Federal Region of Kurdistan: Science and Technology Policy, Instruments and Institutions

This report introduces two of the most successful industrial development models of the modern time – the Japanese as a leader and the South Korean as its follower. The objective is to review the industrialization process in these two economies which have served as a model for development in many newly industrialized economies. The experience gained from a review of the two models is used to investigate the current industrial development in the Federal Kurdistan Region. In particular the focus is initially on the identification of the current policy and institutions in the region. The conditions, potential and pitfalls are investigated and the resources available in the region and those needed are quantified and the gap estimated. Based on experience gained and available information, the strategy for development is designed and an optimal model for industrialization of the Kurdistan region is proposed. Major steps to be taken during the industrialization process are identified and described in detail. Discussion of the of the possible industrial policy instruments to improve security and self-sufficiency is followed by a presentation of infrastructure organizations and their cooperation to implement the industrialization policy. Industrial policy here involves the regional government’s use of its authority and resources to administer policies that address the needs of specific sectors, industries or corporations with the aim of raising their survival, productivity and competitiveness.
Motivation to smoke: the role of personality, smoking outcome expectancies and nicotine dependence

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the complex relationship between personality, smoking outcome expectancies and smoking behaviour. A secondary focus was the role of nicotine dependence in smoking. Students from a 1 year Psychology course and additional participants recruited using a snowballing technique (N=151) completed a questionnaire assessing the Big Five personality dimensions Neuroticism(N), Extraversion(E), Openness (O) Conscientiousness (C), Agreeableness (A), smoking outcome expectancies, nicotine dependence and smoking behaviour. It was predicted that the relationship between N, and E and smoking behaviour would be mediated by the expectancies of Negative Affect Reduction and Stimulation-State Enhancement respectively. It was found that the traits of N and E did not relate to smoking behaviour. Subsequently, the mediational hypothesis was not supported. As predicted, however, the expectancy of Negative Affect Reduction related to smoking behaviour, although the expectancy Stimulation-State Enhancement was not. This study also explored whether C moderated the relationship between the expectancy of Health Risks and smoking behaviour. Results did not support this notion. As expected, nicotine dependence was related to smoking, which was unaffected by the inclusion of non-smokers in post hoc analysis. Unexpectedly, this study found that people low on A tended to smoke more. Findings were interpreted relative to cultural change in perceptions on smoking. Results have implications for smoking prevention and cessation programs.
Successful Language Learning in a Corporate Setting: The Role of Attribution Theory and Its Relation to Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation.

Attribution theory (Weiner, 1985) and self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985) have been explored as contributors to L2 motivation (cf. Dornyei, 2001) but have never been studied quantitatively in concert. In addition, students’ attributions for success in learning a foreign language have never been measured through the use of a questionnaire. The aim of this paper is therefore (a) to develop a questionnaire with reliable constructs that allows to measure adult learners’ attributions for their success in learning English in a corporate setting, (b) to investigate these learners’ attributions, and (c) to investigate the relationship between students’ attributions and the constructs of Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivation central to self-determination theory. Our main results show that among the attributions measured, interest, effort and corporate culture seemed to be the main causes that students recognised as directly involved in their success in learning English. Of all the attributional scales, interest and ability appeared to importantly contribute to intrinsic motivation, while corporate culture, encounters with foreign professionals and ability contributed to a lower extent to extrinsic motivation. It must be noted, however, that attributions for success to teacher and task were so consistently high that they could not be reliably measured with the questionnaire.
A modified Poisson-Boltzmann approach to homogeneous ionic solutions

The mean electrostatic potential approach to ionic solutions was initiatedby the mean ﬁeld work of Gouy and Chapman for inhomogeneous systems,and Debye and Huckel for bulk solutions. Any successful extension of the¨mean ﬁeld theories requires an adequate treatment of both the exclusionvolume and ﬂuctuation terms. One such development has been the modi-ﬁed Poisson-Boltzmann approach. Although the bulk modiﬁed Poisson-Boltzmann theory was introduced 35 years ago, only a limited amount ofwork has been put into its development due to the successful applicationof liquid state theories to ionic systems. We outline here the bulk modiﬁ-ed Poisson-Boltzmann equation, comment on some of its successes, andmention some outstanding problems.Key words: Poisson-Boltzmann, modiﬁed Poisson-Boltzmann, ionicsolutions, primitive model electrolytesPACS: 05.20Jj, 61.20. Qg, 82.45. Gj
The ages of the globular clusters M$\,$71 and 47 Tuc from Strömgren $uvby$ photometry - Evidence for high ages

New uvby CCD photometry for the fairly metal–rich globular clusters M 71 (NGC 6838) and 47 Tuc (NGC 104) is presented. We derive the cluster distances using a sample of field subdwarfs with metallicities determined from uvby photometry and accurate parallaxes from the Hipparcos mission. The biases associated with the main-sequence fitting technique are discussed and only that due to metallicity is found to be significant, corresponding to a -0.05 mag change in distance modulus. Our main results are that: 1) The distance moduli of 47 Tuc and M 71 are somewhat shorter than that derived by Reid ([CITE], AJ 115, 204). For M 71 and 47 Tuc we find (metallicity corrected) $(m-M)_V\,=\,13.71\pm\,0.04\pm\,0.1$ and $(m-M)_V\,=\,13.33\pm\,0.04\pm\,0.1$, for adopted reddenings of $E(B-V)\,=\,0.28$ and $E(B-V)\,=\,0.04$ respectively (first errorbar denotes random errors and the second systematic errors). The main source of difference with Reid is the selection of subdwarfs with this study having more intrinsically faint field subdwarfs; 2) These values lead to ages of nearly 12 Gyr when using the isochrones of VandenBerg et al. ([CITE], ApJ, 532, 430); this estimate does not include the effects of He diffusion. 3) A differential comparison of the cluster colour-magnitude diagrams show that the age difference between the two is very small – less than one billion years. 4) The observed scatter in the c 1 index (due to star–to–star nitrogen variations) among main–sequence stars does not allow us to use the $[(v-y)_0, c_0]$ diagram for a distance-independent age determination.
Creating Successful collaborative relationships

Stevens (1989) was among the first to stress the strategic importance of collaboration in the supply chain. On the other hand, some recent studies point out that supply chain collaboration is no guarantee for success (Van Wassenhove et al, 2003; Vereecke et al, 2004; Holweg et al, 2005) and that there is a need to investigate what makes a collaborative relationship successful. Building on the work of Mohr and Spekman (1994), Monczka (1998) and Solis (2004) and several other researchers (Bowersox (2000), Mentzer (2000), etc), we have identified three key antecedents of supply chain collaboration: collaboration attributes, systems & processes and conflict resolution techniques. To measure these antecedents and the link between the antecedents and the performance improvement of the relationship, we developed a survey to measure the least successful and the most successful strategic supplier-and customer-relationships. Based on a cluster analysis on the operational benefits of collaboration, we identified 4 types of collaborative relationships: stagnant, internally-focused, externally-focused and best-in-class collaborative relationships. We found that the characteristics of the relationships are different according to the type of collaborative relationship. Based on the differences in the antecedents of these clusters, we identified different paths to improve supply chain collaboration and we identified 4 types of capabilities to improve the performance of a relationship: cumulative, internal, external and progressive capabilities. This categorization helps management to highlight which aspects of the relationship require more attention, depending on the kind of benefits one wants to accomplish through the relationship.
ON THE COHERENCE PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT FEL

Free Electron Lasers (FEL) are one of the most brilliant light sources in the world and due to their unique properties they are used to push the frontier of knowledge in fields such as biochemistry and protein crystallography. This is the reason why there is a lot of research worldwide about understanding and improving them. Although there are numerous papers describing the output of the FEL in terms of coherence and bandwidth, it is not clear how this coherence evolves or what the factors that influence it the most are. For this reason I propose analyzing the radiation as it is being produced, inside the undulator, with the aid of simulations. The tools developed for this analysis make use of programing and data processing software to recreate well known experiments used in coherence studies. These virtual tools can serve as good initial approximations for changing different parameters or designing new types of FEL, as well as improving the fundamental knowledge of the FEL process. This work uses the developed tools to characterize a particular FEL layout and extract meaningful information with respect to its coherence properties.
Heritage languages and their speakers: Opportunities and challenges for linguistics

Abstract In this paper, we bring to the attention of the linguistic community recent research on heritage languages. Shifting linguistic attention from the model of a monolingual speaker to the model of a multilingual speaker is important for the advancement of our understanding of the language faculty. Native speaker competence is typically the result of normal first language acquisition in an environment where the native language is dominant in various contexts, and learners have extensive and continuous exposure to it and opportunities to use it. Heritage speakers present a different case: they are bilingual speakers of an ethnic or immigrant minority language, whose first language often does not reach native-like attainment in adulthood. We propose a set of connections between heritage language studies and theory construction, underscoring the potential that this population offers for linguistic research. We examine several important grammatical phenomena from the standpoint of their representation in heritage languages, including case, aspect, and other interface phenomena. We discuss how the questions raised by data from heritage speakers could fruitfully shed light on current debates about how language works and how it is acquired under different conditions. We end with a consideration of the potential competing factors that shape a heritage language system in adulthood.
Effect of aflatoxin B1 on DNA structural characteristic

The present investigation is an attempt to detection the effect of aflatoxin B1 on structural characteristic of DNA in different tissue, include liver, kidney, spleen and blood, in vivo by treated weight albino rate to AFB1 for 2 weeks as oral daily dose 1 ml/ kg. DNA fragmentation test was used to detect changes in DNA and micronuclei test in bone marrow cell. the results show that AFB1 causes lyses in DNA in all tissue and blood in variant level compare with negative control, liver show greater level than other organs 9660 pb, spleen was 9133 pb, kidney was 6166 pb and lower level in blood was 1366 pb. So it cause increased in micronuclei formation in bone marrow cell.
I3.1 - Design, Operation and Performance of a Fabry-Perot-Based MWIR Microspectrometer

In this paper we present basic designs, operation concepts and some application examples of a novel microspectrometer for the spectral range of 3-5μm, which is based on a pyroelectric detector with an integrated micromachined Fabry-Perot filter (FPF). We discuss the influence of different optical setups on the spectral resolution and the signal-to-noise ratio of the microspectrometer. Two basic operation modes, step-scan mode and continuous-sweep mode are demonstrated. Such a device has a large potential in the field of infrared absorption spectroscopy, particularly if multicomponent mixtures have to be analyzed.
Microwave drying of cooked brown rice and the effect on the nutrient composition and trace elements

The objective of this work was to study the effect of a new low temperature drying system by continuous and instant microwave power control on cooked brown rice. The drying system was operated in the microwave power range of 280 W to 320 W. Samples of cooked brown rice (4 cm diameter x 1 cm high) were used. The optimum drying was at 300 W for 48 min. The changes in the nutrient composition and trace elements of the cooked brown rice, resulting from before and after microwave drying at 300 W for 48 min, were then analyzed. No change of crude protein, ash, crude fiber, and carbohydrate was observed in the cooked brown rice both before and after drying (P>0.05) though a little crude fat change was found (P>0.05). Simultaneously, no explicit changes were found regarding the potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn) levels after the drying (P>0.05). It is demonstrated that by this drying method brown rice retained its fresh nutritional value and mineral content.