Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selenite and selenate affected the fatty acid profile in in vitro incubated ovine ruminal fluid containing linoleic acid

The influence of adding selenite (SeIV) or selenate (SeVI) to ovine ruminal fluid containing linoleic acid (LA) on the profile of fatty acids, especially conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers and their metabolites was investigated. Dietary LA is incorporated by rumen bacteria, isomerized to other geometric and positional isomers, metabolized into CLA isomers, biohydrogenated to trans-vaccenic acid (TVA) and finally to C18:0. Considering the above, ovine ruminal fluid was incubated in vitro at 39°C under CO2 either alone (the control ruminal fluid) or with a combination of LA (1.67 mg/ml), a low (0.167 μg/ml) or high (1.67 μg/ml) level of selenium as SeIV or SeVI. Tubes with examined ruminal fluid were removed after 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hrs of incubation and then submitted for determination of fatty acids (FA). FA, as methyl esters, were quantitated using capillary gas chromatography and flame-ionization detection. Both concentrations of SeIV added to the ruminal fluid with LA usually decreased the concentrations of individual CLA isomers, especially cis9trans11CLA (c9t11CLA) and the sum of all CLA isomers in the ruminal fluid in comparison with the fluid containing only LA. Our studies documented that SeIV reduced the capacity of bacterial isomerase, which turns the cis9-bond into a trans10-bond. The addition of SeIV to the ruminal fluid with LA decreased the concentration of TVA compared with the fluid with only LA; a decrease in the loss of TVA was observed with increasing concentrations of SeIV. The presence of SeIV in the ovine fluid with LA stimulated the biohydrogenation of TVA to C18:0. The addition of LA to the incubated fluid, irrespectively of the presence of SeIV, increased the concentration of C20:5n-3. SeVI in the ruminal fluid with LA usually more efficiently increased the concentration of c9t11CLA, t10c12CLA, c9c11CLA and t9t11CLA, from 6 until 24 hrs of incubation compared with the fluid containing LA, regardless of the presence of SeIV. The concentration of TVA in the fluid containing 3 Corresponding author: e-mail: m.czauderna@ifzz.pan. pl Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 21, 2012, 477–492 478 INORGANIC FORMS OF SE FATTY ACIDS IN RUMINAL FLUID SeVI and LA is higher than in the fluid with SeIV and LA. SeVI in the fluid increased the concentration of C18:0. As a consequence, SeVI added to the fluid increased the yield of final biohydrogenation to C18:0 compared with the fluid with LA, irrespective of the presence of SeVI. Further studies are required to clarify the effects of other Se-compounds and fatty acids on concentrations of fatty acids, especially CLA isomers and their precursors, in the ruminal fluid.
Single-quantum mechanism of Bragg grating inscription in a Ge/B codoped fibre by high-intensity 264 nm femtosecond pulses

We studied fibre Bragg grating fabrication in Ge/B codoped photosensitive fibre using high-intensity (60−230 GW cm−2) 264 nm, 220 fs laser pulses The ratio of the refractive index modulation to the incident fluence was found to be independent of the irradiation intensity which points to a single-quantum mechanism of Bragg grating fabrication under the stated experimental conditions.
EEG - Controlled Wheelchair Movement: Using Wireless Network

This project discusses about a brain controlled wheel chair based on Brain–computer interfaces (BCI). BCI’s are systems that can bypass conventional channels of communication (i.e., muscles and thoughts) to provide direct communication and control between the human brain and physical devices by translating different patterns of brain activity into commands in real time. The intention of the project work is to develop a robot that can assist the disabled people in their daily life to do some work independent of others. Here, we analyze the brain wave signals. Human brain consists of millions of interconnected neurons, the pattern of interaction between these neurons are represented as thoughts and emotional states. According to the human thoughts, this pattern will be changing which in turn produce different electrical waves. A muscle contraction will also be generate a unique electrical signal. All this electrical waves will be sensed by the brain wave sensor it will convert the data into packets and transmit through Bluetooth medium. Level analyzer unit (LAU) will receive the brain wave raw data and it will extract and process the signal using MATLAB platform. Then the control commands will be transmitted to the robot module to process. With this entire system, we can move a robot according to the human thoughts and it can be turned by blink muscle contraction.
Tools for shape analysis of vascular response using two photon laser scanning microscopy

In the western world, vascular disorders form a major medical problem. To increase the knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of, for example, atherosclerosis, extensive research is performed, to find causes of these disorders. At the university of Maastricht, a special type of microscopy is used, called two photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM ). Using the TPLSM , three dimensional images can be extracted from viable arteries. To describe the processes occurring in the large arteries as a reaction on changing circumstances, two methods are proposed. The first method focuses on the estimation of the radius of imaged arteries. The second method can be used for the counting of cells within the vessel wall. The estimation of the radius of an artery is complicated by the fact that it is often only possible to image a small part of the vessel wall. To get reliable results, a new method has been devised, based on the Hough transform. In this study, it is shown that the proposed method is more accurate than other methods proposed in literature. Using the proposed method, an accuracy expressed in the standard deviation of the error, of 2.5 % can be achieved, against 10 % that is obtained using the often used least squares method. The second subject that is covered by this work, is the counting of cells. A modelbased approach has been taken, to fit ellipsoids on sets of potential edge points. Despite of the need for further research, the preliminary results show to be promising. Virtually all nuclei are detected, while after merging over-segmented nuclei, few errors can be identified.
ENDOGENOUS SWITCHING OF INSURANCE REGIME AND THE DEMAND FOR HEALTH CARE SERVICES AMONG THE INSURED AND UNINSURED

Bir kisinin saglik sigortasinin olmasi sadece saglik hizmetlerine harcadigi parayi degil ayni zamanda saglik hizmetlerine ulasabilmesini de etkiler. Bu calisma sigortalilar ile sigortali olmayanlar arasindaki saglik hizmetleri talebinin belirleyicilerini incelemek icin saglik hizmetleri talebini sigorta rejimleri ile tahmin etmektedir. Sigortanin icselligi ve bagimli degiskenin pozitifligi ve kesikli degisken olmasindan dolayi bu tur bir analiz geleneksel tahmin yontemleri ile yapilamamaktadir. Bundan dolayi bu calismada 1993 Milli Saglik Arastirma Anketi kullanilarak type-5 Tobit modeli olarak da bilinen icsel switching model kullanilmistir. Saglik statuleri arasinda belli anlamli iliskiler gorulmustur. Ornegin, calisan bireyler daha az ameliyat ve hastanede daha az gece yatma talebinde bulunmaktadirlar. Bazi anlamli iliskiler ise sadece bir sigorta turunde gorunmektedir. Ornegin, sigortalilar arasinda daha yuksek egitimli bireylerin daha fazla uzman vizitesi talep ettikleri gozlemlenmistir. Doktor hizmetleri talebinde ise saglik statusunun sigortali olmayanlar arasinda sigortalilara gore daha etkili oldugu gozlemlenmistir. Hastane hizmetleri talebi acisindan ise bu iliskinin ters oldugu gozlemlenmistir. Bu sonuclar gostermektedir ki sigorta bagimsiz degiskenler ile saglik hizmetlerinden faydalanma arasindaki iliskiye etkileyebilmektedir.
Dissipated energy in tapping mode by the atomic force microscope

Dissipated energy measurements between a tip of an AFM and a sample have been used to analyze variations in mechanical and tribological properties of materials, using tapping mode AFM to generate topography and phase contrast images. Furthermore it's possible to perform indentations in the material with this operation mode and to create micro-controlled defects, in diameter and depth, to growing of quantum dots in semiconductor materials. In this paper, we discuss the fundamentals of this technique.
Performances Analysis of High-Speed 1-bit Full Adder Kratikatiyar and

Analysis of a hybrid single bit full adder is discussed here. The adders are implemented and analysis to reduce the power dissipation and output voltage degradation. The simulation result of this single bit full adder using 16 Transistor was performed considering different technology with special stress on the design methodology and analysis. The Hybrid logic designs the characteristics of altered logic or design styles, enhance overall performance. The delay introduced due to propagation is further minimized by transistor size also discussed in this paper. We also discussed about their various performance parameter such as delay, power etc.
ISSN 2278 -134X Original Article A study of thermoacoutic parameters of inorganic salts with fructose

Thermo-acoustic investigations of the non linear properties of fructose in aqueous solution of NaCl and MgCl2 have been done in the temperature range, 298.15K - 308.15K at various concentrations using volume expansivity data. Several nonlinear parameters such as Moelwyn-Hughes parameter , Bayer’s non-linear parameter, reduced volume, Reduced compressibility, Sharma’s constants, Huggins parameter, isobaric acoustical parameter, isochoric acoustical parameter, isothermal acoustical parameter, fractional free volume, repulsive exponent , internal pressure, cohesive energy density, characteristic temperature and thermo acoustical parameter such as A * and B * have been studied. The non-linearity behavior of these parameters has been explained in terms of the concentration and thermal changes in the systems under investigation. The present analysis provides a deep insight about the nature and types of interactions prevalent in the solutions of electrolytes and fructose. The obtained results provide a reliable basis to understand the action of electrolytes and bio-molecules in the bio-chemical processes undergoing in a bio-physical system. © 2013 Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved
Optimal Predefined-Time Stabilization for a Class of Linear Systems

Este trabajo trata el problema de estabilidad optima en tiempo predefinido. Los sistemas estables en tiempo predefinido son una clase de sistemas que presentan la propiedad de estabilidad en tiempo fijo y, ademas, una cota de la funcion de tiempo de convergencia puede ser definida a priori como un parametro explicito del sistema. En el trabajo se proporcionan condiciones suficientes para que el problema de estabilizacion optima en tiempo predefinido sea soluble dado un sistema no lineal. Ademas, para sistemas no lineales afines al control y un indice de desempeno especifico, se deriva una familia de controladores estabilizantes en tiempo predefinido. Esta clase de controladores se aplica a la optimizacion inversa en tiempo predefinido de la fase de alcance de variedades deslizantes en sistemas lineales, junto con la idea de modos deslizantes integrales para brindar robustez. Finalmente, como caso de estudio, los metodos desarrollados se aplican a un sistema de satelite con incertidumnre, y se llevan a cabo simulaciones numericas para validar su comportamiento.
Recent advances in stream and river temperature research

Research on stream and river temperatures is reviewed with particular attention being given to advances in understanding gained since 1990 and on investigations of fundamental controls on thermal behaviour, thermal heterogeneity at different spatial scales, the influence of human impacts and the nature of past and future trends. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Study on Merger and Operating Performance of Commercial Banks of Nepal

This study aims to find the impact of mergers on operating performance of sample merged banks. To attain the research objective, this study has taken 8 independent variables; operating profit margin, net profit margin, return on assets, return on equity, debt equity ratio, return on loan loss provision, return on staff expenses and return on operating expenses. Three cases have been taken for the study as a sample to examine whether merger has led to a profitable situation or not. Research mainly focuses on quarterly secondary data which is analyzed using paired sample t-test, correlation analysis, VIF test and regression analysis. From the analysis it is deduced that merger has no significant role in case of Nepal Bangladesh Bank and NIC Asia Bank in terms of various operational ratios, since many operational ratios have been found weaker in post-merger period than pre-merger period. But merger plays a significant role in case of Machhapuchchhre Bank where almost all operational ratios have improved in post-merger. While analyzing the situation of overall commercial banking sectors, with the help of sampled data, it is observed that largely the merger isn’t able to produce positive results for the merged entities. The study shows the reason for negative result of merger as the poor financial position of the target banks. Further the merger will somewhat act as a solution for the current problems of Nepalese BFIs. Merger will be a wise option to bring BFIs in strong and growing position and to meet the requirement of current paid up capital as per the latest NRB directive. But it also must be considered that merger in itself is not the ultimate solution to strengthen the financial position of BFIs. A lot of factors must be taken into account before finding the right partner to merge with and executing the merger.Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research, Vol. 2, No. 1 & 2, pp. 85-107
CKD-EPI is a Better Tool for Detecting Renal Dysfunction in Hypertensive Pregnancy: A Case-Control Study in Ghana

Background: Pregnant women with hypertension are at an increased risk of renal impairment. This study assessed the use of CKD-EPI and 4v-MDRD for early diagnosis of renal impairment in pregnant women with hypertension. Methods: This case-control study was conducted at Suntreso Government Hospital Kumasi, Ghana. In all, 220 pregnant women were recruited, 84 had Gestational Hypertension, 36 had Preeclampsia, with 100 normotensive pregnant women as controls. Structured Questionnaires were used to obtain socio-demographic and clinical information. 4 mL of venous blood was collected for estimation of electrolytes, urea, creatinine and uric acid; urine was collected for estimation of protein using dipstick. The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD-4) equations were used to assess and classify renal impairments. Results: Prevalence of renal impairment using CKD-EPI and MDRD-4 was 4.1% and 0.5% respectively. CKDEPI identified 22.2% of women with preeclampsia as having renal impairment whereas MDRD-4 identified 2.8%. Using CKD-EPI and MDRD-4, eGFR was significantly higher in the controls compared to the cases, (p<0.001). Sodium, chloride, urea, creatinine, uric acid was significantly increased in the hypertensive women. Conclusion: Renal impairment is common in hypertensive pregnant women. CKD-EPI is better equation in early detection of renal impairment in pregnant women and should be adopted as the tool for assessing renal dysfunction during routine antenatal examinations to prevent end-stage renal diseases.
IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 53, No. 2, 2006: Volatility and the Debt-Intolerance Paradox by Luis Catão and Sandeep Kapur

A striking feature of sovereign lending is that many countries with moderate debtto-income ratios systematically face higher spreads and more stringent borrowing constraints than other countries with far higher debt ratios. Earlier research has rationalized the phenomenon in terms of sovereign reputation and countries’ distinct credit histories. This paper provides theoretical and empirical evidence to show that differences in underlying macroeconomic volatility are key. While volatility increases the need for international borrowing to help smooth domestic consumption, the ability to borrow is constrained by the higher default risk that volatility engenders. [JEL C23, F34]
Application of Membrane Technology towards The Reusability of Lake Water, Mine Water, and Tube Well Water

Severe water shortage caused by El-Nino has caused life-threatening drought conditions globally. This natural disaster has put millions of lives at risk and forcing the people to search for waster. However, the water scarcity problem was not just limited to the countries that were strike by El-Nino. Poor water management and climate change were bringing droughts to Asia and the Pacific. The water scarcity worldwide has recently reached the alarming rate and received the greatest attention among the people. Membrane technology is an innovative technology which has proven to be effective and efficient for water and wastewater treatment. Therefore, membrane technology has high potential to be employed for the treatment of lake water, mine water, and tube well water in increasing the fresh water production for reuse purpose. The objective of this work is to investigate the potential of membrane technology for treating the lake water, mine water, and tube well water. A laboratory bench-scale dead-end test rig was used in this study to evaluate the performance of commercial flat-sheet nanofiltration (NF) - NF270 and reverse osmosis (RO) - BW30 membranes. Both source water and treated water were analysed based on chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), colour, total suspended solid (TSS), pH, and temperature. In order to prove the reuse concept of membrane technology, the permeate water quality after the membrane filtration process was compared with National Water Quality Standard (NWQS) of Malaysia. The results from this study shown that the permeate water filtered by NF270 and BW30 membranes were able to meet the NWQS Class III, which was suitable to recycled for livestock drinking and irrigation purposes.
The uptake of management accounting practices among Malaysian firms in SMEs sector

There have been the recent calls for additional research in order to enhance the understanding of the adoption of management accounting practices (MAPs) in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). This, allied to an increasing importance of SMEs around the world especially in developing countries, is the motivation for this research. This paper explores the uptake of a broad range of MAPs in 160 Malaysian SMEs firms in the manufacturing sector. The study finds that both Malaysian small and medium firms made extensive use of traditional MAPs and only selectively use modern MAPs such as non-financial performance measures related to internal processes and to customers. Results for all MAPs also indicate that a higher usage by medium firms as opposed to small firms. In most part of MAPs, medium firms adopted as twice as many small firms. The most significant differences relate to the use of decision support system and strategic management accounting. The employment of high qualified accounting staff by medium firms may as well lead the relatively higher uptake of MAPs by medium firms. Besides, the increased uptake of sophisticated management accounting practices by larger firms is in line with size being a contingent variable for explaining the use of such practices.
Pollution Issues in Coastal Lagoons in the Gulf of Mexico

The coastline of the Mexican Gulf of Mexico is an area of paramount importance. It poses valuable biological and ecological resources such as coastal lagoons, rivers, estuaries, wetlands and swamps. It poses 206 coastal systems including 73 coastal lagoons with high biological richness. Their study shows the physicochemical characteristics and pollution levels into the four more productive lagoons of Tampamachoco, Mandinga, Alvarado in the Veracruz state and Terminos Lagoon in Campeche state, México, have the present characteristics. The lagoons show a wide interval in physiochemical parameters (temperature: 18–32°C, salinity: 11–38 ups, and nutrients: oxygen 1.8–9.0 mg/L, total phosphorus 2.6–123 μ M total nitrogen 5–70 μ M, and chlorophyll 10–50 mg/m 3 ). All of them oscillated between normal to eutrophication condition. The presence of PAHs and some of the high toxicity as anthracene, and chrysene, as well as naphthalene and its methyl derivatives has been reported. Also, chlorinated hydrocarbons used for agriculture purposes and malaria control (DDT, lindane, endosulfan) have been identified in these lagoons. Metals as Cr, Pb, Ni, Cd, and V among others were recently reported in the lagoons considered in this study. Concentrations of pollutants also show significant variations depending on the time and the type of lagoon, or estuary.
A FRAMEWORK FOR PRACTICAL VULNERABILITIES OF THE TOR (THE ONION ROUTING) ANONYMITY NETWORK

Onion routing is a technology designed at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory to protect the security and privacy of network communications. In particular, Tor, the current widely-used onion routing system, was originally designed to protect intelligence gathering from open sources and to otherwise protect military communications over insecure or public networks, but it is also used by human rights workers, law enforcement officers, abuse victims, ordinary citizens, corporations, journalists, and others. In this article our focus is less on what Tor currently does for its various users and more on what it does not do. Use of Tor for law enfor cement and the national security applications that motivated it faces more significant adversaries than most other uses. We discuss some of the types of threats against which Tor currently offers only limited protection and the impacts of these on all classes of users, but especially on those most likely to confront them. 1. INDRODUCTION We have designed and built the Tor anonymity network [3] to secure cyberspace and empower cybercitizens. It is thus squarely in the middle of this volume's concerns. But in law enforcement, the first thought that often comes to mind when one says \anonymity" is of a roadblock against pursuing the source of an attack or other crime. Although this is sometimes the first image that comes to mind, it is not generally the first encounter law enforcers have with anonymity. Typically law enforcers themselves have begun using anonymity long before they observe any criminal activity, and they may even use it to prevent a crime from occurring at all.As a simple mundane example of anonymity technology used by law enforcers, consider unmarked vehicles.
Effect of herbal choline and rumen-protected methionine on lamb performance and blood metabolites

Twenty-four lambs (Pelibuey x East Friesian), weighing 22.7 ± 3.2 kg, were fed a basal diet of corn silage, oat hay, alfalfa hay, and concentrate (60% forage and 40% concentrate). Treatments consisted of oral doses of rumen-protected methionine (RPM) (0 and 1.5 g/day) and herbal choline (biocholine) (0 and 4 g/day) in a completely random block design with factorial arrangement of treatments, where lambs were blocked by sex. The experiment was conducted for 60 days, and measurements of live weight and dry matter intake were obtained. No effects of the treatments were observed on performance variables (lamb growth, consumption and feed conversion). Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were increased by biocholine and unaffected by methionine (Met). Biocholine increased glucose and cholesterol, whereas methionine increased triglycerides, albumin and plasma protein. The dietary supplementation with biocholine and RPM did not improve lambs’ growth; however, biocholine and Met showed a lipotropic effect by mobilizing NEFA and stimulating glucose and cholestrol synthesis. Keywords: feed additives, growing sheep, lipid metabolism