Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risks and safety on the internet: the perspective of European children: full findings and policy implications from the EU Kids Online survey of 9-16 year olds and their parents in 25 countries

This report presents the full findings from a new and unique survey designed and conducted according to rigorous standards by the EU Kids Online network. It was funded by the European Commissions’ Safer Internet Programme in order to strengthen the evidence base for policies regarding online safety. A random stratified sample of 25,142 children aged 9-16 who use the internet, plus one of their parents, was interviewed during Spring/Summer 2010 in 25 European countries. The survey investigated key online risks: pornography, bullying, receiving sexual messages, contact with people not known faceto- face, offline meetings with online contacts, potentially harmful user-generated content and personal data misuse. In this report, ‘children’ refers to internetusing children aged 9-16 across Europe. ‘Using the internet’ includes any devices by which children go online and any places in which they go online.
Who is telling the story? A systematic review of authorship for infectious disease research conducted in Africa, 1980–2016

Introduction Africa contributes little to the biomedical literature despite its high burden of infectious diseases. Global health research partnerships aimed at addressing Africa-endemic disease may be polarised. Therefore, we assessed the contribution of researchers in Africa to research on six infectious diseases. Methods We reviewed publications on HIV and malaria (2013–2016), tuberculosis (2014–2016), salmonellosis, Ebola haemorrhagic fever and Buruli ulcer disease (1980–2016) conducted in Africa and indexed in the PubMed database using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. Papers reporting original research done in Africa with at least one laboratory test performed on biological samples were included. We studied African author proportion and placement per study type, disease, funding, study country and lingua franca. Results We included 1182 of 2871 retrieved articles that met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 1109 (93.2%) had at least one Africa-based author, 552 (49.8%) had an African first author and 41.3% (n=458) an African last author. Papers on salmonellosis and tuberculosis had a higher proportion of African last authors (p<0.001) compared with the other diseases. Most of African first and last authors had an affiliation from an Anglophone country. HIV, malaria, tuberculosis and Ebola had the most extramurally funded studies (≥70%), but less than 10% of the acknowledged funding was from an African funder. Conclusion African researchers are under-represented in first and last authorship positions in papers published from research done in Africa. This calls for greater investment in capacity building and equitable research partnerships at every level of the global health community.
Estimation Of The Quality Of Life Benefits Associated With Treatment For Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Background Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare, genetic, progressive neuromuscular disorder characterized by severe muscle atrophy and weakness and is a leading genetic cause of death in infants and children. Nusinersen was the first treatment targeting the underlying cause of disease approved by the FDA, EMA and other countries for patients with SMA. There are currently very limited data available on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) burden of SMA suitable for use in a cost-effectiveness analysis. Objective This study was designed to estimate quality of life weights or utilities for different SMA states. Methods SMA case studies were developed describing Type I (infantile onset) and Type II (later-onset) patients and different outcomes from treatment. These were developed so that quality of life weights or utilities (where the value of health ranges from 1 – full health to 0 – dead) could be estimated for cost-effectiveness analysis. Clinical experts (n=5) rated each of the case studies using standardized HRQoL instruments – the EQ-5D-Y and PedsQL-NMM (baseline states only). Results The SMA Type I utilities ranged from −0.33 (requires ventilation) to 0.71 (Type I patient reclassified as Type III following treatment), with quite substantial differences between some states. Most Type I states had a utility score below zero indicating the severity of the states. The SMA Type II utilities ranged from −0.13 (worsened) to 0.72 (stands/walks unaided). In general, the results showed HRQoL improved in line with better health states. Conclusion The utility scores obtained in this study highlight the very substantial burden experienced by SMA patients. Despite the limitations in the methods used, this study produced data with face validity and is a useful starting point for understanding the burden of SMA Types I and II in cost-effectiveness analysis.
Reversion From Mild Cognitive Impairment To Normal Cognition: False-Positive Error Or True Restoration Thanks To Cognitive Control Ability?

Purpose Relatively little attention has been paid to the meaning of reversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to cognitively normal (CN), compared to MCI progression studies. The purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics contributing to reversion from MCI to CN and to identify the associated factors with such reversion. Patients and methods We retrospectively identified 200 individuals who initially diagnosed as MCI and completed the second visit from the National Research Center for Dementia (NRCD) registry in Korea. Participants underwent comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological assessments. Factors associated with reversion were examined by a independent-samples t-test, χ2 test, and logistic regression. Longitudinal change was examined by a repeated measures analysis of variance (rANOVA). Results Based on the second assessment, 78 (39%) individuals were found to have reverted to CN (rMCI) and 118 (59%) remained with MCI (sMCI). Four (2%) progressed to Alzheimer’s disease dementia and they were excluded from further analysis. Over a wide range of socio-demographic, clinical, and neuropsychological variables, group difference was significant only in neuropsychological tests of cognitive control. Both groups showed improvement in several neuropsychological tests, implying a practice effect, but the rMCI group showed greater improvement. Conclusion Reversion from MCI to CN might not be a false-positive error but a true recovery from cognitive impairment. Our results suggest that cognitive control ability may be a characteristic favorable for the restoration of cognitive function. Therefore, assessment of cognitive control might facilitate the development of appropriate interventions for MCI as well as prognosis evaluation.
Precisão e exatidão das dosagens dos lípides sangüíneos em equipamento portátil (Cholestech-LDX).

Purpose To verify whether precision and accuracy of lipids analyses by a new portable device, Cholestech lipid desktop analyzer (LDX), were in agreement with the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). Methods Serum samples from 45 outpatients were collected for the determination of total Cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). These samples were analysed simultaneously by the CholestechLDX, and by the automatic enzymatic methods routinely used at the Heart Institute’s laboratory. Precision was determined by repeating 20 times the evaluation of the same sample of venous blood. Accuracy was established confronting the values of the lipids variables obtained with Cholestech-LDX against the values determined by the automatic enzymatic routine. Results Accuracy for TC was 1.60% (NCEP <3%), for HDL-C was -2.74% (NCEP <6%) and for TG was 2.11% (NCEP <5%). Precision for CT was 3.05% (NCEP <3%), for HDL-C was 1.05% (NCEP <6%) and for TG was 2.65% (NCEP <5%). Conclusion Precision and accuracy of lipids evaluation by the Cholestech-LDX are within the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program. Therefore the cholestech-LDX seems to be a reliable alternative to the conventional biochemical routine, allowing population screenings.
Constitutive AKT Activity Predisposes Lung Fibrosis by Regulating Macrophage, Myofibroblast and Fibrocyte Recruitment and Changes in Autophagy

The etiology and pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis is poorly understood. We and others reported that M-CSF/CSF-1, M-CSF-R and downstream AKT activation plays an important role in lung fibrosis in mice models and in IPF patients. To understand potential molecular pathways used by M-CSF-R activation to direct lung fibrosis, we used a novel transgenic mouse model that expresses a constitutively-active form of AKT, myristoylated AKT (Myr-Akt), driven by the c-fms (M-CSF-R) promoter. We were particularly interested in the basal immune state of the lungs of these Myr-Akt mice to assess M-CSF-R-related priming for lung fibrosis. In support of a priming effect, macrophages isolated from the lungs of unchallenged Myr-Akt mice displayed an M2-tropism, enhanced co-expression of M-CSF-R and α-SMA, reduced autophagy reflected by reduced expression of the key autophagy genes Beclin-1, MAP1-Lc3a(Lc3a), and MAP1-Lc3b(Lc3b), and increased p62/STSQM1 expression compared with littermate WT mice. Furthermore, Myr-Akt mice had more basal circulating fibrocytes than WT mice. Lastly, upon bleomycin challenge, Myr-Akt mice showed enhanced collagen deposition, increased F4/80+ and CD45+ cells, reduced autophagy genes Beclin-1, Lc3a, and Lc3b expression, and a shorter life-span than WT littermates. These data provide support that M-CSF-R/AKT activation may have a priming effect which can predispose lung tissue to pulmonary fibrosis.
Trident: Efficient 4PC Framework for Privacy Preserving Machine Learning

Machine learning has started to be deployed in fields such as healthcare and finance, which propelled the need for and growth of privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML). We propose an actively secure four-party protocol (4PC), and a framework for PPML, showcasing its applications on four of the most widely-known machine learning algorithms -- Linear Regression, Logistic Regression, Neural Networks, and Convolutional Neural Networks. Our 4PC protocol tolerating at most one malicious corruption is practically efficient as compared to the existing works. We use the protocol to build an efficient mixed-world framework (Trident) to switch between the Arithmetic, Boolean, and Garbled worlds. Our framework operates in the offline-online paradigm over rings and is instantiated in an outsourced setting for machine learning. Also, we propose conversions especially relevant to privacy-preserving machine learning. The highlights of our framework include using a minimal number of expensive circuits overall as compared to ABY3. This can be seen in our technique for truncation, which does not affect the online cost of multiplication and removes the need for any circuits in the offline phase. Our B2A conversion has an improvement of $\mathbf{7} \times$ in rounds and $\mathbf{18} \times$ in the communication complexity. In addition to these, all of the special conversions for machine learning, e.g. Secure Comparison, achieve constant round complexity. The practicality of our framework is argued through improvements in the benchmarking of the aforementioned algorithms when compared with ABY3. All the protocols are implemented over a 64-bit ring in both LAN and WAN settings. Our improvements go up to $\mathbf{187} \times$ for the training phase and $\mathbf{158} \times$ for the prediction phase when observed over LAN and WAN.
In Their Own Words: Pregnancy Prevention Needs of Latino Teen Mothers

Abstract / Resumen The high rate of teen births among Latino youth is a major topic of concern. While the national Latina teen birth rate is twice that of non-Latino whites, Latina adolescents in California are four times as likely to become parents as whites. Nonetheless, little research has focused on pregnancy prevention programs and effective evaluation of such efforts for Latina populations. In response to this absence of information, the National Council of La Raza (NCLR) offered a series of Latino teen pregnancy prevention strategies (Perez & Duany, 1992). This study explored parenting Latina teens’ perspectives of the relevance of these strategies for pregnancy prevention programs in order to enhance our understanding of how to help Latino teen mothers delay a second birth, and to best provide programs and services that would enable them to improve life conditions for themselves and their children. Participants included 27 Latina teen mothers between the ages of 15 and 19 with one child. Teens from urban and non-urban settings and immigrant and U.S.-born teens were interviewed to allow for comparisons between these groups. The teens’ responses were roughly consistent with the National Council of La Raza’s (NCLR) recommendations. Few differences were found between U.S.-born and immigrant teens and between those living in urban and non-urban communities. La alta tasa de natalidad adolescente entre la juventud Latina es un asunto de gran preocupacion. Aunque la tasa de natalidad nacional es dos veces mayor a la de blancos no-Latinos, Latinas adolescentes son cuatro veces mas probables de convertirse en madres que las blancas. Sin embargo, se han hecho muy pocas investigaciones que se concentren en programas de prevencion de embarazo y evaluacion efectiva de dichos esfuerzos para la poblacion Latina. En respuesta a esta ausencia de informacion, el Consejo Nacional de la Raza (CNLR) ofrecio una serie de estrategias para la prevencion de embarazos de adolescentes Latinas (Perez & Duany, 1992). Este estudio exploro la perspectiva de madres adolescentes Latinas acerca de la relevancia de las estrategias usadas en los programas de prevencion de embarazo. De manera que sus opiniones aumentarian nuestro entendimiento de como ayudar a joven madres Latinas atrasar un segundo nacimiento, al igual que la mejor manera de proveer programas y servicios que permitirian que ellas mejoraran la calidad de vida de si mismas y la de sus hijos. Las participantes del estudio incluyeron 27 madres adolescentes Latinas entre las edades de 15 a 19 anos de edad con un solo hijo. Adolescentes de zonas urbanas y no-urbanas al igual que inmigrantes y aquellas nacidas en los EU fueron entrevistadas para poder comparar entre estos grupos. Las respuestas de las jovenes fueron mas o menos consistentes con las del Consejo Nacional de la Raza (CNLR). Pocas diferencias fueron encontradas entre las jovenes nacidas en los EU y las inmigrantes, y tampoco entre aquellas viviendo en comunidades urbanas y no-urbanas.
Immunosuppressive therapy using antithymocyte globulin, cyclosporine, and danazol with or without human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in children with acquired aplastic anemia

A prospective multicenter trial of 119 children 1 to 18 years of age with newly diagnosed aplastic anemia (AA) was conducted, comparing treatment using antithymocyte globulin (ATG), cyclosporine (CyA), and danazol (DAN) with or without rhG-CSF (400 μg/m2, day on days 1-90). All children with very severe AA received rhG-CSF (VSAA group, n = 50). The other children were randomized to receive ATG, CyA, DAN, and rhG-CSF (G-CSF+ group, n = 35) or ATG, CyA, and DAN without rhG-CSF (G-CSF− group, n = 34). After 6 months, the hematologic response rate was 71%, 55%, and 77% in the VSAA group, G-CSF+ group, and G-CSF− group, respectively. There was no difference in the incidence of febrile episodes and documented infections between the G-CSF+ and G-CSF− groups. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was attempted in 22 patients in whom initial immunosuppressive therapy (IST; n = 18) failed or in whom a relapse occurred after an initial response (n = 4). Nineteen of the 22 patients are alive and well after a median follow-up of 18 months (range, 3 to 66 months) since BMT. The probability of survival at 4 years was 83% ± 7% in the VSAA group, 91% ± 5% in the G-CSF+ group, and 93% ± 6% in the G-CSF− group. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/acute myeloid leukemia (AML) developed in one patient in each of the three groups; the overall risk for MDS/AML was 3% ± 2% at 4 years. Because the results of IST were encouraging, it is suggested that children with AA receive IST as first-line therapy if there is no human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling donor.
Ocena aktywności autonomicznego układu nerwowego związanej z odruchową regulacją układu sercowo-naczyniowego i oddychania

Derangements within autonomic nervous system take part in the natural history of cardiovascular disease. Current paper presents three categories of methods measuring autonomic status: direct methods (e.g. laboratory tests measuring circulating catecholamine levels or based on isotopes, microneurography), indirect methods applied at rest (e.g. analysis of heart rate variability, spectral and sequence methods of arterial baroreflex sensitivity assessment) and indirect methods, associated with the exposure to physiological stimuli (e.g. Ewing’s battery, central and peripheral chemoreceptor sensitivity assessment, invasive methods of arterial baroreflex sensitivity assessment). This review provides an insight into the physiology of reflex regulatory mechanisms within cardiorespiratory system, including their complex and unstable nature. Kardiol Pol 2010; 68, 8: 951-957
TILAPIA—A Source of Hypoxia-resistant Islet Cells for Encapsulation

• Abstract — Encapsulation of pancreatic islets prevents graft revascularization after transplantation, resulting in graft hypoxia and attrition. Hypoxia-resistant islets would be ideal for encapsulation. Tilapia, a tropical teleost fish, have large, anatomically discrete islets that can be easily harvested without expensive, fickle islet isolation proce­ dures and that provide mammalian-like glucose tolerance profiles when transplanted into diabetic recipients. Because tilapia can live in stagnant water, we speculated that tilapia islets might tolerate lower oxygen tensions than mammalian islets. Tilapia and rat islets (n = 30) were placed in paired 60-mm Petri dishes containing 10 mL of deoxygenated CMRL-1066 media and cultured together in sealed cham­ bers gassed with 95% N 2 /5% C 0 2 . Islet viability was determined by fluorscein diacetate/ethidium bromide stain­ ing at intervals varying from 2.5 h to 7 days; blood gas measurements were obtained on media samples at the end of selected incubation intervals. Rat islets underwent neartotal necrosis and fragmentation in < 2 4 h; occasional viable single cells could be identified until about 72 h. On the other hand, the fish islets showed no loss of viability until about 72 h when some showed mild central necrosis. Even at 7 days, all fish islets appeared roughly 50% viable. Fish islets cultured under hypoxic conditions for 72 h (media, p O z = 27.8 mmHg) and then transplanted into streptozotocin-diabetic athymic nude mice were viable (6/6) but showed some diminished function (3/6) over a 25-day follow-up period. Our results suggest that tilapia islets will survive and function at lower oxygen tensions than mam­ malian islets. © 1998 Elsevier Science Inc.
Breast Cancer Risk in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Female Twins: A 20-Year Population-based Cohort Study in Finland from

This population-based study investigated the occurrence of breast cancer over a 20-year period in a cohort of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins in Finland. Altogether, 13,176 female twins of known zygosity who were living in Finland at the end of 1975 were identified from the Finnish Twin Cohort Study and followed-up for cancer through the Finnish Cancer Registry for the years 1976 ‐1995. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated, based on national cancer incidence rates. The relative risk of breast cancer for MZ twins compared to DZ twins was decreased [SIRMZ/SIRDZ ratio 5 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.58 ‐1.0]; the decreased risk for MZ twins (SIR 5 0.76; 95% CI, 0.58 ‐1.0) accounted for this result, whereas the risk for DZ twins did not differ from the general population risk (SIR 5 0.98; 95% CI, 0.84 ‐1.1). There was no risk decrease among MZ twins in other cancers related to reproductive behavior; i.e., number of children and age at first birth seem not to explain the decreased risk of breast cancer. Our results, which are in line with earlier studies on the same topic, suggest that prenatal influences or postnatal behavioral factors may protect MZ female twins from breast cancer.
Experiences of Newly Licensed Registered Nurses Who Stay in Their First Jobs

Most newly licensed registered nurses go to work in acute care hospitals, which means they enter an increasingly complex healthcare environment where they experience staffing shortages, high nurse-patient ratios, and workplace violence. The purpose of this study is to attempt to understand the experiences of newly licensed registered nurses who have endured the early years of bedside hospital nursing and continue to work in their first nursing job. The existential phenomenological philosophy of Merleau-Ponty serves as the guiding framework for this qualitative research study. Following IRB approval, criterion and snowball sampling were used to recruit newly licensed registered nurses who graduated between May 2012 and May 2013. An open-ended unstructured interview format was used to collect data from nine nurses willing to be interviewed about their clinical experiences. Participants ranged in age from 24 to 43 years, represented day and night shifts, and included acute and critical care settings from five different health systems across the state of Tennessee. Data were analyzed by the researcher and the Interpretive Research Group at the University of Tennessee using the Thomas-Pollio existential phenomenological approach. All transcripts were read and analyzed for meaning units and global themes which were used to develop a thematic structure. The researcher, research group, and willing study participants agreed upon the final thematic structure. Five figural themes emerged from the data: 1) I found the perfect fit; 2) we're a pretty cohesive group; 3) it's about caring for the patients; 4) I've learned a lot; and 5) I make a difference. Study rigor was maintained by bracketing, data saturation, interdisciplinary review, member checking, and the use of direct quotes to support findings. This research has implications for nursing education and clinical practice. Findings are applicable to student nurses, newly licensed registered nurses, nurse educators, clinical preceptors, nurse managers, and hospital administrators.