Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occupational Diversification as Livelihood Strategy Among the Agricultural Labour Households of West Bengal, India

It is now difficult for an agricultural-labour household to get employment as agricultural labourers throughout the year. So, this type of household for survival purposes has to depend on diversified occupations when sometimes only the household head participates and sometimes more than one able-bodied household member participate. Based on a village-level field investigation in West Bengal, the article explores that possibility to keep an agricultural labour household above the poverty line will be more effective if more than one adult member participates in different types of occupations throughout the year. Except this, other possible determinants which can play an effective role to keep an agricultural-labour household above the poverty line are higher operational land among the marginal farmer household who are also working as hired agricultural labour in others’ land and accessibility of microcredit for income-generating activity for the female member(s) of a household from self-help groups (SHGs).
A Comparative Study of Pricing Option with Efficient Methods

Our main objective of this paper is to introduce four individual techniques of pricing options; the techniques are Binomial method, Trinomial method, Monte Carlo simulation and Black-Scholes-Merton model. Because they play a significant role in option valuation of stock price dynamics, risk managements as well as stock market. In this paper, we briefly discuss all these four methods with their properties and behavior. We also focused on numerical technique for the higher accuracy of option pricing and compare them graphically. We use the Computer Algebra System (CAS) Python (Edition 2019.3.1) for this purpose. GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 7, Dec 2020 P 1-7
Malware Variant Identification Using Incremental Clustering

Dynamic analysis and pattern matching techniques are widely used in industry, and they provide a straightforward method for the identification of malware samples. Yara is a pattern matching technique that can use sandbox memory dumps for the identification of malware families. However, pattern matching techniques fail silently due to minor code variations, leading to unidentified malware samples. This paper presents a two-layered Malware Variant Identification using Incremental Clustering (MVIIC) process and proposes clustering of unidentified malware samples to enable the identification of malware variants and new malware families. The novel incremental clustering algorithm is used in the identification of new malware variants from the unidentified malware samples. This research shows that clustering can provide a higher level of performance than Yara rules, and that clustering is resistant to small changes introduced by malware variants. This paper proposes a hybrid approach, using Yara scanning to eliminate known malware, followed by clustering, acting in concert, to allow the identification of new malware variants. F1 score and V-Measure clustering metrics are used to evaluate our results.
Service Provisioning for UAV-Enabled Mobile Edge Computing

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled mobile edge computing has been recognized as a promising technology to flexibly and efficiently handle computation-intensive and latency-sensitive tasks in the era of fifth generation (5G) and beyond. In this paper, we study the problem of Service Provisioning for UAV-enabled mobile edge computiNg (SPUN). Specifically, under task latency requirements and various resource constraints, we jointly optimize the service placement, UAV movement trajectory, task scheduling, and computation resource allocation, to minimize the overall energy consumption of all terrestrial user equipments (UEs). Due to the non-convexity of the SPUN problem as well as complex coupling among mixed integer variables, it is a non-convex mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. To solve this challenging problem, we propose two alternating optimization-based suboptimal solutions with different time complexities. In the first solution with relatively high complexity in the worst case, the joint service placement and task scheduling subproblem, and UAV trajectory subproblem are iteratively solved by the Branch and Bound (BnB) method and successive convex approximation (SCA), respectively, while the optimal solution to the computation resource allocation subproblem is efficiently obtained in the closed form. To avoid the high complexity caused by BnB, in the second solution, we propose a novel approximation algorithm based on relaxation and randomized rounding techniques for the joint service placement and task scheduling subproblem, while the other two subproblems are solved in the same way as that of the first solution. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed solutions achieve significantly lower energy consumption of UEs compared to three benchmarks.
Self-Supervised Graph Convolutional Network for Multi-View Clustering

Despite the promising preliminary results, existing graph convolutional network (GCN) based multi-view learning methods directly use the graph structure as view descriptor, which may inhibit the ability of multi-view learning for multimedia data. The major reason is that, in real multimedia applications, the graph structure may contain outliers. Moreover, they fail to take advantage of the information embedded in the inaccurate clustering labels obtained from their proposed methods, resulting in inferior clustering results. These observations motivate us to study whether there is a better alternative GCN based framework for multi-view clustering. To this end, in this paper, we propose an end-to-end self-supervised graph convolutional network for multi-view clustering (SGCMC). Specifically, SGCMC constructs a new view descriptor for graph-structured data by mapping the raw node content into the complex space via Euler transformation, which not only suppresses outliers but also reveals non-linear patterns embedded in data. Meanwhile, the proposed SGCMC uses the clustering labels to guide the learning of the latent representation and coefficient matrix, and the latter in turn is used to conduct the subsequent node clustering. By this way, clustering and representation learning are seamlessly connected, with the aim to achieve better clustering results. Extensive experimental results indicate that the proposed SGCMC outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Iodine deficiency in women of childbearing age in Brazil: systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Despite current policies of salt iodination, iodine deficiency is still a global public health problem, especially in women. So far, conflicting evidence has been suggested for the prevalence of iodine deficiency in Brazil. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of iodine deficiency and associated factors in women of childbearing age in Brazil. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using databases (PubMed, LILACS, WHO, Scopus, and Capes’ dissertation and thesis), from inception to May 2020. Meta-analyses of proportions were performed using the variance inverse for the fixed model. Reporting and methodological quality were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool to prevalence studies. Results: Our review identified seven studies published between 2002 e 2017, including 1354 participants, especially pregnant women. All studies presented at least one quality limitation, mainly regarding the sampling method (i.e., convenience) and small sample size. The prevalence of iodine deficiency ranged among studies from 16% to 62%. In contrast, the meta-analysis identified a mean prevalence of 40% (95% confidence interval, CI 37%-43%) for pregnant women and 13% (95% CI 4%-24%) for non-pregnant women. Cumulative meta-analysis suggests a tendency of higher iodine deficiency prevalence from 2018 in pregnant women. Conclusions: Although this systematic review identified studies with poor methodological and reporting quality, a high prevalence of iodine deficiency was identified in pregnant women, reinforcing the importance of national nutritional policies for monitoring iodine status in this population. Future studies should consider random probabilistic sampling, appropriate sample size, and pre-defined subgroup analysis to adequately inform the prevalence of iodine deficiency and associated factors in women of childbearing age and support health policies.
Medium composition and Amazonian oils for lipase production by Candida viswanathii

Lipases have been successfully produced under submerged cultivation conditions using olive oil as carbon source and complex culture media. The aims of this study were to evaluate lipase production by Candida viswanathii in submerged cultivation with different culture medium compositions, replace olive oil with plant oils from the Amazonian region, and assess the effect of nitrogen sources. By using olive oil as the sole carbon source, C. viswanathii produced high levels of biomass and lipase with minimal nutritional requirements (potassium, magnesium, and yeast extract). Plant oils from the Amazonian region supported cell growth, and pequi oil was the best inducer for lipase production (1.66 U mL -1 ). In comparison with inorganic sources, organic nitrogen sources induced the highest levels of lipase production. Typical microbial growth and lipase production were observed using pequi oil and peptone as a nitrogen source. The selected conditions resulted in good cell growth ( Y X/S = 1.25 g g -1 ) and lipase production ( Y P/S = 118.10 U g -1 ) after 60 hours of cultivation. In conclusion, the fermentation parameters indicated that Amazonian oils are promising for lipase production by C. viswanathii , and oils modified by this enzyme can be used in the food and cosmetic industries.
The role of frailty in the association between depression and fall risk among older adults

Abstract Objectives Although there is a recognized association between depression and greater fall risk among older adults, the mechanisms explaining this association are unclear. This study evaluated the role of frailty, a common geriatric syndrome, in determining greater risk of falls among older adults with depression. Method We used longitudinal data from three biennial waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; 2010–2014). The sample included community-dwelling survey respondents age ≥ 65 who participated in objective physiological measures. Major Depression (MD) was measured using Composite International Diagnostic Interview for depression short form. Frailty was measured using criteria outlined in the frailty phenotype model. Causal mediation analysis was used to differentiate the direct effect of depression and indirect effect mediated by frailty on falls, fall injuries, and multiple falls. Results Major depression was associated with significantly greater odds of experiencing a fall (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.31, 2.77), fall injury (OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.95), and multiple falls (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.52, 3.37) over a two-year period. Frailty was a significant mediator of the effects of depression on falls and multiple falls, accounting for approximately 18.9% and 21.3% of the total effects, respectively. We found no evidence of depression-frailty interaction. Sensitivity analyses showed that results were robust to unmeasured confounding and alternative operationalizations of depression. Conclusion Frailty explains a significant proportion of increased likelihood of falls among older adults with depression. Treatment and management of frailty symptoms may be an important components of fall prevention among older adults with depression.
Nitrogen Fixation in Subtropical Seagrass Sediments: Seasonal Patterns in Activity in Santa Rosa Sound, Florida, USA

Seagrass beds are important coastal habitats that are diminishing globally. Nitrogen, a key nutrient, often limits seagrass growth. Nitrogen fixation provides new, bioavailable nitrogen to the plants. This study explores its importance and factors controlling rates in sediments colonized by two dominant taxa in Northwest Florida, Thalassia testudinum and Halodule wrightii, compared to unvegetated sediments. We hypothesized that nitrogen fixation rates would be greater in seagrass colonized sediments, particularly during high growth periods. We expected to observe a positive relationship between rates and porewater sulfide concentrations because sulfate reducers were the dominant diazotrophs in similar studies. Rates were higher in vegetated areas. In H. wrightii beds, nitrogen fixation was driven by the decreased availability of porewater ammonium relative to phosphorus. In T. testudinum beds, rates were highest during winter. Organic matter may be a controlling factor in all substrate types albeit the exact mechanism driving nitrogen fixation differs slightly. During the summer and fall, nitrogen fixation provided between 1–15% of T. testudinum nitrogen demand. Annually, nitrogen fixation provided 4% and 1% of T. testudinum and H. wrightii nitrogen demand, respectively. Nitrogen fixation was an important source of nitrogen during periods of senescence and dormancy when organic matter content was high.
Empowering Education with Crowdfunding: The Role of Crowdfunded Resources and Crowd Screening

Crowdfunding has emerged as a market-based solution to give frontline complex public service employees the opportunity to acquire resources by advertising project proposals for donor patrons on crowdfunding platforms. However, whether crowdfunded resources can improve offline service outcomes, and if so, how and when, remains murky. Focusing on the context of public education crowdfunding and applying theories from crowdfunding and services marketing literature, the authors conceptualize that the combination of two factors—namely, teachers’ request for resources meant to satisfy unmet heterogeneous (i.e., diverse and evolving) intellectual needs of students and donors’ screening and approval (i.e., crowd screening) of promising projects—helps improve student academic achievement. Collating novel panel data from DonorsChoose and California Department of Education, the authors show that (1) crowdfunded resources positively affect student academic achievement, (2) student academic achievement improves with the increase in the heterogeneity of intellectual needs that crowdfunded resources likely satisfy, (3) crowd screening of project proposals plays a critical role in the offline effectiveness of crowdfunded resources, and (4) crowd screening effectiveness depends on the type of project.
Juxta-(re)position: challenging U.S. military and women subject positions through Instagram posts

Exploration of how U.S. military minority service members, including active-duty women, communicate personal and social identity remains an underexplored area of organizational communication research. Recent policy changes integrating women into all facets of military service has created an opportunity to observe how U.S. military women visually communicate their personal and social identity as members of the military. This study aims to better understand how personal and social identity is communicated on Instagram during a period of organizational change. Using juxtaposition on Instagram to challenge existing notions of military and women, women were found to create a juxta-(re)positioning that violated expected norms of both military and women. This juxta-(re)positioning resulted in expanding normative assumptions of both military and women subject positions. This study serves as a starting point for understanding how minority individuals, through the use of juxtaposition, can capitalize on existing social media norms to (re)position themselves within an organization.
Variations in the Distribution and Genetic Relationships among Luciola unmunsana Populations in South Korea

The firefly species Luciola unmunsana was first discovered on the Unmunsan Mountain in Cheongdo-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea and consequently named after the mountain. The population and habitats of this once-abundant species have recently decreased significantly due to light and environmental pollution caused by industrialization and urbanization. This study investigated the distribution and density of L. unmunsana around the ecological landscape conservation area of the Unmunsan Mountain. Additionally, we conducted molecular experiments on regional variations, genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among the various populations of L. unmunsana in South Korea. The genetic relationships among populations were also analyzed using mitochondrial DNA by collecting 15 male adults from each of the 10 regions across South Korea selected for analysis. Differences were observed between populations in the east, west and south of the Baekdudaegan Mountain Range. The firefly populations collected from the eastern region, which included Gyeongsang-do, showed a close genetic relationship with fireflies collected from the Unmunsan Mountain. Thus, the findings of this study can be used as baseline data for re-introducing L. unmunsana to the Unmunsan Mountain.
Realization of N-Type Semiconducting of Phosphorene through Surface Metal Doping and Work Function Study

Phosphorene becomes an important member of the layered nanomaterials since its discovery for the fabrication of nanodevices. In the experiments, pristine phosphorene shows -type semiconducting with no exception. To reach its full capability, -type semiconducting is a necessity. Here, we report the electronic structure engineering of phosphorene by surface metal atom doping. Five metal elements, Cu, Ag, Au, Li, and Na, have been considered which could form stable adsorption on phosphorene. These elements show patterns in their electron configuration with one valence electron in their outermost -orbital. Among three group 11 elements, Cu can induce -type degenerate semiconducting, while Ag and Au can only introduce localized impurity states. The distinct ability of Cu, compared to Ag and Au, is mainly attributed to the electronegativity. Cu has smaller electronegativity and thus denotes its electron to phosphorene, upshifting the Fermi level towards conduction band, resulting in -type semiconducting. Ag and Au have larger electronegativity and hardly transfer electrons to phosphorene. Parallel studies of Li and Na doping support these findings. In addition, Cu doping effectively regulates the work function of phosphorene, which gradually decreases upon increasing Cu concentration. It is also interesting that Au can hardly change the work function of phosphorene.
The Combined Stop-Loss and Quota-Share Reinsurance: Conditional Tail Expectation-Based Optimization from the Joint Perspective of Insurer and Reinsurer

In the presence of reinsurance, an insurer may effectively reduce its (aggregated) loss by partially ceding such a loss to a reinsurer. Stop-loss and quota-share reinsurance contracts are commonly agreed between these two parties. In this paper, we aim to explore a combination of these contracts. The survival functions of the ceded loss and the retained loss are firstly investigated. Optimizing such a reinsurance design is then carried out from the joint perspective of the insurer and the reinsurer. Specifically, we explicitly derive optimal retentions under a criterion of minimizing a convex combination of conditional tail expectations of the insurer’s total loss and the reinsurer’s total loss. In addition, an estimation procedure and more explanations on numerical examples are also presented to find their estimated values.
Análise da hemoglobina como modelo de estudo de interação droga-proteína in vitro e in silico

Modelo do estudo: Trata-se de um estudo experimental in vitro com abordagem computacional. Objetivo: Analisar a existência de interação entre as drogas hidrofóbicas bezafibrato e hidroclorotiazida com a hemoglobina a fim de prever alterações na biodisponibilidade das drogas, bem como na função proteica. Metodologia: Testes de interação in vitro entre a hemoglobina bovina e bezafibrato ou hidroclorotiazida foram realizados por espectrofotometria; análises dos sítios de interação e extrapolações para a hemoglobina humana foram feitas por técnicas de bioinformática. Resultados: Os testes in vitro demonstraram diminuição de absorbância (k) em 405 nm igual a 8,75 x 10-4 min-1 para o bezafibrato e 6,25 x 10-4 min--1 para a hidroclorotiazida. A diminuição sugere interação das drogas com a hemoglobina, sendo que o bezafibrato parece interagir com afinidade ligeiramente maior. As análises in silico mostraram que as drogas se ligam à porção proteica da hemoglobina. A constante de afinidade de ligação obtida por ancoragem molecular para o bezafibrato com a hemoglobina bovina (-8,3 kcal/mol) corrobora com o valor experimental de k e com o maior número de interações observadas, em relação à hidroclorotiazida (-6,6 kcal/mol). O mesmo padrão é observado para a interação do bezafibrato (-7,6 kcal/mol) e da hidroclorotiazida (-6,7 kcal/mol) com a hemoglobina humana. Conclusão: As técnicas de espectrofotometria e bioinformática utilizadas sugerem a possibilidade de interação da hemoglobina com drogas de natureza hidrofóbica, como bezafibrato e hidroclorotiazida, sendo que essa interação pode afetar a função normal da hemoglobina e alterar a farmacodinâmica e farmacocinética das drogas prejudicando sua eficiência terapêutica.
The Role of a Community Learning Centre in Fostering the Community's Social Entrepreneurship Character and Motivation in Facing New Normal Era

This study explored the role of a Community Learning Center (CLC) in fostering the community’s social entrepreneurship character and motivation in facing the economic challenges brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was an empirical examination of the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship. The descriptive method was used; the data were gathered through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 5 CLC managers and from secondary data. The results showed that the CLC designs programs, such as holding training to instil an entrepreneurial mindset and improve community skills. The CLC also provides personal assistance in starting a social entrepreneurship business through coaching and providing venture capital. Furthermore, the CLC provides free public classes on tackling the problems of modern social entrepreneurship. It carries out programs specifically designed to motivate people to face challenges and expand social entrepreneurship businesses. We identified the role of the CLC as a forum for socialization and for providing mentoring classes with successful speakers in the field of entrepreneurship as an effort to foster the character and motivation of the community to start social entrepreneurship. Keywords: Role of Community Learning Center, Social Entrepreneurship Character and Motivation, nonformal education