Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical and angiographical characteristics of acetylcholine- induced spasm: relationship to dose of intracoronary injection of acetylcholine

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to clarify clinical and angiographical characteristics of acetylcholine (ACh)-induced spasm in the right and left coronary artery. Methods and resultsWe performed 557 consecutive procedures of spasm provocation tests of ACh from January 1991 to December 2000 in patients without significant stenosis. ACh was injected in incremental doses of 20, 50 and 80 μg into the right coronary artery and in incremental doses of 20, 50 and 100 μg into the left coronary artery if spasm had not been provoked. Coronary spasm was defined as positive with more than 99% transient luminal narrowing. Proximal spasm was defined as that of segments 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 and 11 and distal spasm as that of segments 3, 4, 8, 9, 12, 13 and 14. Low-ACh-dose-induced spasms showed the clinical findings and angiographical characteristics of higher incidence of variant angina, proximal spasms, focal spasms, more ST elevation and ischemic heart disease. In contrast, angiographical characteristics of high-Ach-dose-induced spasms were distal spasms and diffuse spasms and there was less variant angina and less ST elevation. ConclusionsLower ACh doses induced spasms more proximally and focally in the coronary artery, while higher doses of ACh provoked spasms more distally and diffusely.
A New Approach to the Modeling and Analysis of Fracture through Extension of Continuum Mechanics to the Nanoscale

In this paper we focus on the analysis of the partial differential equations arising from a new approach to modeling brittle fracture based on an extension of continuum mechanics to the nanoscale. It is shown that ascribing constant surface tension to the fracture surfaces and using the appropriate crack surface boundary condition given by the jump momentum balance leads to a sharp crack opening profile at the crack tip but predicts logarithmically singular crack tip stress. However, a modified model, where the surface excess property is responsive to the curvature of the fracture surfaces, yields bounded stresses and a cusp-like opening profile at the crack tip. Further, two possible fracture criteria in the context of the new theory are discussed. The first is an energy-based crack growth condition, while the second employs the finite crack tip stress the model predicts. The classical notion of energy release rate is based upon the singular solution, whereas for the modeling approach adopted here, a notion analogous to the energy release rate arises through a different mechanism associated with the rate of working of the surface excess properties at the crack tip.
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis along the Dorsoventral Axis Contributes Differentially to Environmental Enrichment Combined with Voluntary Exercise in Alleviating Chronic Inflammatory Pain in Mice

Cognitive behavioral therapy, such as environmental enrichment combined with voluntary exercise (EE-VEx), is under active investigation as an adjunct to pharmaceutical treatment for chronic pain. However, the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of EE-VEx remain unclear. In mice with intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant, our results revealed that EE-VEx alleviated perceptual, affective, and cognitive dimensions of chronic inflammatory pain. These effects of EE-VEx on chronic pain were contingent on the occurrence of adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus in a functionally dissociated manner along the dorsoventral axis: neurogenesis in the ventral dentate gyrus participated in alleviating perceptual and affective components of chronic pain by EE-VEx, whereas neurogenesis in the dorsal dentate gyrus was involved in EE-VEx's cognitive-enhancing effects. Chronic inflammatory pain was accompanied by decreased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the dentate gyrus, which were reversed by EE-VEx. Overexpression of BDNF in the dentate gyrus mimicked the effects of EE-VEx. Our results demonstrate distinct contribution of adult hippocampal neurogenesis along the dorsoventral axis to EE-VEx's beneficial effects on different dimensions of chronic pain. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Environmental enrichment combined with voluntary exercise (EE-VEx) is under active investigation as an adjunct to pharmaceutical treatment for chronic pain, but its effectiveness and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In a mouse model of inflammatory pain, the present study demonstrates that the beneficial effects of EE-VEx on chronic pain depend on adult neurogenesis with a dorsoventral dissociation along the hippocampal axis. Adult neurogenesis in the ventral dentate gyrus participates in alleviating perceptual and affective components of chronic pain by EE-VEx, whereas that in the dorsal pole is involved in EE-VEx's cognitive-enhancing effects in chronic pain.
Vaginal Bleeding as a Pregnancy Problem during First Trimester at Polokwane Municipality, Limpopo Province

Abstract Pregnancy problems such as spontaneous rupture of membranes, sudden vaginal bleeding, poor or no foetal movements are regarded as top causes of maternal and neonatal deaths. The study focused on determining the knowledge and practices of pregnant women with regard the vaginal bleeding during first trimester at Polokwane Municipality of Capricorn District Limpopo Province, South Africa. A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive design was used. The study population included pregnant women who were admitted in high risk units at Tertiary hospital in Polokwane Municipality. A non-probability, purposive and convenient sample was used to select 20 participants until data saturation was reached. Data were collected by the researchers through semi-structured individual interviews before the discharge of patients. Data were analysed qualitatively by means of the open-coding method. Findings revealed two themes namely: knowledge on sudden vaginal bleeding and practices with regard to health seeking behavior during vaginal bleeding. The paper proposed the provision of woman centered counseling programmes for women present with pregnancy related bleeding.
LPSA underactuated mode of linearly parallel and self-adaptive grasping in the CLIS robot hand with Chebyshev linkage and idle stroke

Traditional finger with parallel and self-adaptive grasping mode cannot perform a linear translation of its distal phalange. The linear translation of the distal phalange is useful in grasping typical objects put on a table without motion of manipulators. This paper presents an underactuated grasping mode of linearly parallel and self-adaptive grasping (LPSA grasping). The LPSA grasping mode involves two stages in grasping: 1) Linear pinching of the distal phalange; 2) Self-adaptive grasping of the distal phalange around the distal joint. This paper presents a novel underactuated robot hand (CLIS hand), which can achieve LPSA grasping mode. The CLIS hand has two symmetrical fingers driven by one motor. Each finger has Chebyshev four linkages to make linear motion of distal joint, gears for keeping parallel status, two springs and idle-stroke transmission mechanism for self-adaptation. Experimental results show that the CLIS hand is valid for LPSA grasping mode.
Decreased production and increased catabolism of apolipoprotein B-100 in apolipoprotein B-67/B-100 heterozygotes.

Apolipoprotein (apo) B-67 is a truncated form of apoB-100 due to deletion of an adenine at cDNA 9327. Heterozygotes have one allele making apoB-100; therefore, plasma apoB levels would be predicted to be at least 50% of normal. However, apoB-67 heterozygotes have total plasma apoB levels that are 24% of normal. To determine the mechanisms responsible for the lower-than-expected levels of apoB, in vivo kinetics of apoB-100 were performed in three apoB-67/apoB-100 heterozygotes and compared with those of six control subjects by using a primed-constant infusion of [5,5,5-2H3]leucine in the fed state. Kinetic parameters were calculated by multicompartmental modeling of the data. The mean total apoB plasma concentration of the apoB-67 subjects was 21.8+/-6.1 mg/dL, or 24% of that of control subjects (89.6+/-24.1 mg/dL, P=.002). ApoB-67 subjects had lower mean VLDL apoB-100 production rates (3.6+/-1.2 versus 13.9+/-3.5 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), P=. 002) and lower mean transport rates of apoB-100 into LDL (3.5+/-1.4 versus 12.6+/-4.1 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), P=. 008) compared with control subjects. The transport rate into IDL was not significantly different (1.2+/-0.5 versus 6.2+/-4.0 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), P=. 07). The fractional catabolic rate of VLDL apoB-100 was significantly higher in apoB-67 subjects than in control subjects (18.1+/-8.6 versus 7.6+/-1.6 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), P=. 017). ApoB-100 IDL and LDL fractional catabolic rates were not significantly different. VLDL apoB-100 pool size in apoB-67 subjects was 11% of that of control subjects (15.8+/-7.7 versus 141.6+/-33.7 mg, P=.0004) due to a 74% lower production rate (26% of control values) and a 2.4-fold higher fractional catabolic rate. LDL apoB-100 pool size in apoB-67 subjects was 22% of that of control subjects (665.3+/-192.4 versus 2968.3+/-765.2 mg, P=.002) due primarily to a lower production rate (27% of control values). Thus, both decreased production of VLDL and LDL apoB-100 and increased catabolism of VLDL apoB-100 are responsible for the low levels of apoB-100 in apoB-67 subjects.
Active damping control strategy to avoid resonance issues in diesel-electric vessels with DC distribution systems

This paper presents an active damping control strategy especially designed to mitigate the effects of the resonances of low damped power electronic based DC distribution systems. In those systems, some controlled converters are connected to a common DC bus usually exhibiting negative impedance due to its operation as constant power loads. The active damping control strategy is supported by a model based design approach, which defines the dynamic behavior of the entire system. It is implemented in a complete simulation model which considers the nonlinearities of the electronic power converters such as the delays or discretization, among others. The proposed control strategy improves the power quality in both, the transient and the steady state without compromising the voltage and current controllers' bandwidths. The performance of the proposed active damping control strategy is validated through several simulation results.
Fear and Loving in Las Vegas: Evolution, Emotion, and Persuasion

How do arousal-inducing contexts, such as frightening or romantic television programs, influence the effectiveness of basic persuasion heuristics? Three theoretical models make different predictions: (1) A general arousal model predicts that arousal should increase the effectiveness of heuristics, (2) an affective valence model predicts that effectiveness should depend on whether the context elicits positive or negative affect, and (3) an evolutionary model predicts that persuasiveness should depend on both the specific emotion elicited and the content of the particular heuristic. Three experiments examine how fear-inducing versus romantic contexts influence the effectiveness of two widely used heuristics—social proof (e.g., “most popular”) and scarcity (e.g., “limited edition”). The results support the predictions from an evolutionary model, showing that fear can lead scarcity appeals to be counterpersuasive and that romantic desire can lead social proof appeals to be counterpersuasive. The findings highlight how an evolutionary theoretical approach can lead to novel theoretical and practical marketing insights.
Development of a monoclonal antibody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjobovis antibodies in bovine sera.

A murine monoclonal antibody (designated M553) that binds to an epitope on whole cell antigens prepared from Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjobovis and Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjoprajitno, was produced and incorporated into a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of bovine antibodies to serovar hardjo. The epitope recognized by M553 was susceptible to periodate oxidation. The M553 antibody was characterized by western blot with hardjobovis whole cell antigen. This antibody does not cross-react with whole cell antigens prepared from 11 other pathogenic Leptospira serovars, or, Leptospira biflexa serovar patoc. The sensitivity estimate of the competitive ELISA was 100% with field sera (n = 165) with serovar hardjo microscopic agglutination test (MAT) titres of > or = 100. The specificity estimate was 100% with sera (n = 128) obtained from a specific pathogen free herd of cattle that were negative in the MAT at a dilution of 1:100 for serovars hardjo, pomona, sejroe, copenhageni, canicola, and grippotyphosa. The specificity estimate with field sera (n = 301) with serovar hardjo MAT titres of < 100, was 98% (95% confidence interval = +/- 1.58%). There was no cross-reactivity with field sera (n = 306) with serovar pomona titres > or = 100 and serovar hardjo titres < 100. The specificity estimate with the combined populations of sera with serovar hardjo MAT titres of < 100 (n = 735) was 99.18% (95% confidence interval = +/- 0.65%). There was a high level of agreement (kappa = 0.977) between the results of the competitive ELISA and those of the MAT.
Cutting Edge: CATERPILLER: A Large Family of Mammalian Genes Containing CARD, Pyrin, Nucleotide-Binding, and Leucine-Rich Repeat Domains1

Large mammalian proteins containing a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and C-terminal leucine-rich repeats (LRR) similar in structure to plant disease resistance proteins have been suggested as critical in innate immunity. Our interest in CIITA, a NBD/LRR protein, and recent reports linking mutations in two other NBD/LRR proteins to inflammatory disorders have prompted us to perform a search for other members. Twenty-two known and novel NBD/LRR genes are spread across eight human chromosomes, with multigene clusters occurring on 11, 16, and 19. Most of these are telomeric. Their N termini vary, but most have a pyrin domain. The genomic organization demonstrates a high degree of conservation of the NBD- and LRR-encoding exons. Except for CIITA, all the predicted NBD/LRR proteins are likely ATP-binding proteins. Some have broad tissue expression, whereas others are restricted to myeloid cells. The implications of these data on origins, expression, and function of these genes are discussed.
Getting the Roles Right: Using FrameNet in NLP

The FrameNet lexical database (Fillmore & Baker 2010; Ruppenhofer et al. 2006) http://framenet.icsi. berkeley.edu), covers roughly 13,000 lexical units (word senses) for the core Engish lexicon, associating them with roughly 1,200 fully defined semantic frames; these frames and their roles cover the majority of event types in everyday, non-specialist text, and they are documented with 200,000 manually annotated examples. This tutorial will teach attendees what they need to know to start using the FrameNet lexical database as part of an NLP system. We will cover the basics of Frame Semantics, explain how the database was created, introduce the Python API and the state of the art in automatic frame semantic role labeling systems; and we will discuss FrameNet collaboration with commercial partners. Time permitting, we will present new research on frames and annotation of locative relations, as well as corresponding metaphorical uses, along with information about how frame semantic roles can aid the interpretation of metaphors.
A polynomial expansion based detection: A low-complexity approach for generalised spatial modulation over transmit antenna correlation

Spatial modulation (SM) is proposed to both achieve a high energy efficiency (EE) and low implementation complexity, which attracts a lot of academic interests. Generalised SM (GenSM) is proposed to achieve a higher spectral efficiency (SE) than traditional SM system, and there are many researches about detection in GenSM system. In this paper, we propose a novel low-complexity detection algorithm for GenSM system with transmit antenna (TA) correlation, which is based on the polynomial expansion and zero forcing (ZF) equalization algorithm. Our proposed algorithm has a lower computational complexity than traditional ZF detection algorithm, and this computational complexity can be adjusted to achieve a tradeoff with bit error rate (BER) performance. Monte Carlo simulations verify that our proposed low-complexity ZF (LC-ZF) detection algorithm also has a better BER performance than maximum ratio (MR) detection algorithm.
Characterization of herpes simplex virus 2 temperature-sensitive mutants whose lesions map in or near the coding sequences for the major DNA-binding protein

By marker rescue with cloned herpes simplex virus 2 DNA fragments, we have mapped the temperature-sensitive mutations of a series of herpes simplex virus 2 mutants to a region of the herpes simplex virus 2 genome that lies within or near the coding sequences for the major DNA-binding protein, ICP8. In cells infected with certain of these mutants at the nonpermissive temperature, the association of the major DNA-binding protein with the cell nucleus was defective. In these cells, the DNA-binding protein accumulated in the cytoplasmic and the crude nuclear detergent wash fractions. At the permissive temperature, the maturation of the mutant ICP8 was similar to that of the wild-type viral protein. With the remainder of the mutants, the nuclear maturation of ICP8 was similar to that encoded by the wild-type virus at the nonpermissive and permissive temperatures as assayed by cell fractionation.
Tuberculosis in health care workers in Belarus.

SETTING Tuberculosis (TB), including drug-resistant TB, is a serious problem in Belarus. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of TB among health care workers (HCWs) along with patient characteristics, treatment outcomes and drug resistance patterns between 2008 and 2012. DESIGN A retrospective national record review. RESULTS There were 116 HCWs with TB. Case notification rates were higher among HCWs than in the general population (349 vs. 40/100 000 in 2012). Most HCWs with TB were nurses (n = 46, 40%) or nurse assistants (n = 37, 32%), female (n = 100, 86%) and aged 25-44 years (n = 84, 72%). Most common places of work for HCWs with TB were multidrug-resistant (MDR-) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR-TB) wards (n = 23, 20%), general medical (n = 26, 22%) and non-medical (n = 34, 29%) departments. All HCWs had pulmonary TB, 107 (92%) had new TB and 103 (89%) had negative sputum smears. Of the 38 (33%) with culture and drug susceptibility testing (DST), 28 (74%) had MDR-/XDR-TB. In 109 HCWs evaluated for final treatment outcomes, 97 (89%) were successfully treated, and their results were not affected by DST status. CONCLUSION This study highlights the high prevalence of recorded TB in HCWs in TB health facilities in Belarus: there is a need to better understand and rectify this problem.
Median nerve entrapment in a paediatric fracture of the ulna demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging

Dear Sir, An 11-year-old girl fell while running, sustaining a closed mid-shaft forearm fracture of the right radius and ulna with dorsal angulation. On admission she complained of symptoms of median nerve dysfunction, both sensory and motor, with paraesthesiae in the thumb and index finger. She underwent closed reduction of the fracture and cast immobilization on the same day and was discharged after 24 hours with persistent sensory symptoms. The cast was removed at 6 weeks and though the fracture healed well there were persisting median nerve symptoms. Initial nerve conduction studies ordered 6 weeks after injury showed no motor or sensory responses from the median nerve. At 6 months, there was marked wasting of her thenar eminence with absent abductor pollicis brevis function. Repeat nerve conduction studies confirmed persisting mononeuropathy of the median nerve with no further motor or sensory response from the nerve in the wrist or hand. An MRI with T2 weighted images showed increased signal in the median nerve with deviation and entrapment at the fracture site in the ulna (Figure 1). At surgical exploration, the median nerve was noted to plunge deep to the flexor digitorum profundus, with 90% of it encased in the remodelling bone of the ulna (Figure 2). The involved segment was excised with direct neurolysis and repair. Six months after the operation, there was a positive Tinel sign from the level of the scar distally to the fingertips. There was increased muscle bulk in the thenar eminence and amelioration of the paraesthesiae in the median nerve distribution. One year after her operation she was symptom-free. Median nerve entrapment at a fracture site is a rare complication after forearm fractures in children. To the authors’ knowledge there have only been two reports of median nerve entrapment in a fracture of the ulna (Nunley and Urbaniak, 1980; Watson and Singer, 1994). In both cases there were signs of good recovery. Even though this case demonstrates that improvement can be achieved several months after injury, early diagnosis and intervention is preferred if entrapment is suspected. MRI may not have the specificity and sensitivity of nerve conduction studies in prediction of entrapment neuropathies (Jarvik et al., 2002), especially in the case of median nerve mononeuropathy (Hof et al., 2008). However, this case demonstrates the usefulness of MRI in tracing the course of the median nerve in the forearm after The Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 36E(4) 329–341 jhs.sagepub. com
A fully planar broadband rat-race coupler with stepped-impedance and coupled microstrip lines

A broadband rat-race coupler is proposed with planar configuration. Stepped-impedance and coupled transmission lines are utilized. Due to the symmetric structure, it is easy to design such a component by the even-/odd-mode analysis. A prototype is optimized to demonstrate our idea. The central frequency is 1.37 GHz with a 52% relative bandwidth. The return loss and port isolation are both better than 15 dB, the maximum magnitude imbalance is less than 0.5 dB, and the phase imbalance is within ±10°. Since the proposed circuit is fully planar, requiring no metallic tapes, plated through-holes, etched ground, bonding wires and multilayer structures, it is easy to be integrated into a low-cost microwave system.