Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extracts of Adhatoda vasica Nees . and vasicine inhibits biofilm formation of Klebsiella pneumoniae

Adhatoda vasica Nees. are used traditionally in Tripura to cure pneumonia, cough and cold. Pneumonia is mainly caused by bacteria like Klebsiella pneumoniae. Moreover, many of these pathogenic strains are showing acute resistance for many commercially available antibiotics due to its biofilm formation ability. The present study evaluates the antimicrobial activity of Adhatoda vasica Nees. extracts against the biofilms of Klebsiella pneumoniae and their free-living forms. After extraction and phytochemical screening of Adhatoda vasica Nees, the presence of vasicine in extracts was ascertained by thin layer chromatography. The antimicrobial activity for all the extracts and commercially available vasicine against planktonic forms of bacteria were determined using the agar well diffusion method with tetracycline as control. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were evaluated by a macrobroth dilution technique. The anti-biofilm effects were assessed by microtitre plate method. The cell viability assay was assessed by EtBr/AO staining. Results shows that the A. vasica Nees. leaf extract have remarkable zone of inhibition for Klebsiella pneumoniae as compared to standard vasicine and tetracycline. Similarly, the MIC values confirmed its outstanding ability for inhibition of planktonic as well as biofilm form of the bacteria, and same is also been visualized and established further by cell viability studies and SEM analysis for the biofilm of Klebsiella pneumoniae .
Efficient Data Collection for IoT Services in Edge Computing Environment

The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a major change in sensor data collection. It is predicted that 50 billion devices will produce a large amount of data by 2020. This data needs to be stored efficiently so that it can be efficiently retrieved on demand for real-time application. Most of the Cloud-IoT solutions focus on centralized data collection and storage which is not appropriate for efficient data collection and utilization. For addressing such diverse set of requirements,resources are placed near to the data sources for processing and fast real-time decision making instead of sending all the data to the Cloud. The gateway is such a type of edge device that collects data from smart sensors, but it does not have any pre-processing or decision-making capabilities. Therefore, the gateway has to be made smarter with Fog capabilities and named as Fog Smart Gateway(FSG). We represent the distributed Cloud-IoT solution where data optimally distributed among mini-clouds/Fog nodes. The processing of IoT traffic is taken care of by Virtual Machines(VMs) facilitated by distributed mini-clouds/Fog nodes and located within the edge devices. We optimized the number of mini-clouds placement to reduce the total latency and power consumption induced by traffic aggregation and processing. However, there has been little research on fog node placement. Our results show that the optimal distribution of mini-clouds in the IoT network could yield a total energy saving and reduction in latency compared to processing IoT data in a conventional cloud system.
Flow cytometric seed screen data are consistent with models of chromosome inheritance in asymmetrically compensating allopolyploids

Angiosperms have evolved a mechanism of double fertilization, which results in the production of a separate embryo (new individual) and endosperm (nutritive tissue). The flow cytometric seed screen (FCSS) was developed to infer plant reproduction modes based on endosperm‐to‐embryo DNA content ratio (Pind). A ratio of 1.5 indicates sexual reproduction, whereas higher values of ≥2.0 are consistent with apomixis. Although FCSS has been successfully applied to the study of sexual and asexual plants, the limits of FCSS and particularly its potential for determination of reproduction modes in hemisexual plants have not been explored. Here, we evaluated the application of FCSS to the study of reproduction modes in two asymmetrically compensating allopolyploids (ACAs), Onosma arenaria and Rosa canina. These two species are characterized by the presence of asexually inherited univalent‐forming and sexually inherited bivalent‐forming chromosome sets. They both use asymmetric meiosis, which eliminates univalent‐forming chromosome sets from the male gamete and retains them in the female gamete. Different chromosomal behavior in male and female meiosis in these plants is reflected in different theoretically derived Pind values, which deviate from a sexual 1.5 value. Here, we determined Pind FCSS‐based values in seeds of ACAs, and compared the results to sexual species. As expected, we determined that the mean Pind is 1.51, 1.52, and 1.52 in the sexual plants, that is, Capsella bursa‐pastoris, Crataegus monogyna, and O. pseudoarenaria, respectively. In the ACAs, different mean Pind values were determined for O. arenaria (1.61) and R. canina (1.82). These values are consistent with the theoretical Pind values determined based on models of chromosome inheritance. This study highlights the precision of flow cytometry in determining DNA content and it's utility in screening reproduction modes. Additionally, it advocates for more in‐depth investigations into rapid screening of accessions where the Pind ratio has deviated from the 1.5 value typical of sexual species, which may indicate meiotic irregularities.
Neural Organization of A3 Mushroom Body Extrinsic Neurons in the Honeybee Brain

In the insect brain, the mushroom body is a higher order brain area that is key to memory formation and sensory processing. Mushroom body (MB) extrinsic neurons leaving the output region of the MB, the lobes and the peduncle, are thought to be especially important in these processes. In the honeybee brain, a distinct class of MB extrinsic neurons, A3 neurons, are implicated in playing a role in learning. Their MB arborisations are either restricted to the lobes and the peduncle, here called A3 lobe connecting neurons, or they provide feedback information from the lobes to the input region of the MB, the calyces, here called A3 feedback neurons. In this study, we analyzed the morphology of individual A3 lobe connecting and feedback neurons using confocal imaging. A3 feedback neurons were previously assumed to innervate each lip compartment homogenously. We demonstrate here that A3 feedback neurons do not innervate whole subcompartments, but rather innervate zones of varying sizes in the MB lip, collar, and basal ring. We describe for the first time the anatomical details of A3 lobe connecting neurons and show that their connection pattern in the lobes resemble those of A3 feedback cells. Previous studies showed that A3 feedback neurons mostly connect zones of the vertical lobe that receive input from Kenyon cells of distinct calycal subcompartments with the corresponding subcompartments of the calyces. We can show that this also applies to the neck of the peduncle and the medial lobe, where both types of A3 neurons arborize only in corresponding zones in the calycal subcompartments. Some A3 lobe connecting neurons however connect multiple vertical lobe areas. Contrarily, in the medial lobe, the A3 neurons only innervate one division. We found evidence for both input and output areas in the vertical lobe. Thus, A3 neurons are more diverse than previously thought. The understanding of their detailed anatomy might enable us to derive circuit models for learning and memory and test physiological data.
Role of CXCR1 and Interleukin-8 in Methamphetamine-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis

Methamphetamine (METH), an extremely and widely abused illicit drug, can cause serious nervous system damage and social problems. Previous research has shown that METH use causes dopaminergic neuron apoptosis and astrocyte-related neuroinflammation. However, the relationship of astrocytes and neurons in METH-induced neurotoxicity remains unclear. We hypothesized that chemokine interleukin (IL) eight released by astrocytes and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1) in neurons are involved in METH-induced neuronal apoptosis. We tested our hypothesis by examining the changes of CXCR1 in SH-SY5Y cells and in the brain of C57BL/6 mice exposed to METH by western blotting and immunolabeling. We also determined the effects of knocking down CXCR1 expression with small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) on METH-exposed SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, we detected the expression levels of IL-8 and the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in U87MG cells and then co-cultured the two cell types to determine the role of CXCR1 and IL-8 in neuronal apoptosis. Our results indicated that METH exposure increased CXCR1 expression both in vitro and in vivo, with the effects obtained in vitro being dose-dependent. Silencing of CXCR1 expression with siRNAs reduced the expression of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and other related proteins. In addition, IL-8 expression and release were increased in METH-exposed U87MG cells, which is regulated by NF-κB pathway. Neuronal apoptosis was attenuated by siCXCR1 after METH treatment in the co-cultured cells, which can be reversed after exposure to recombinant IL-8. These results demonstrate that CXCR1 plays an important role in neuronal apoptosis induced by METH and may be a potential target for METH-induced neurotoxicity therapy. Highlights – Methamphetamine exposure upregulated the expression of CXCR1. – Methamphetamine exposure increased the expression of interleukin-8 through nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. – Activation of CXCR1 by interleukin-8 induces an increase in methamphetamine-related neuronal apoptosis.
Unequal intra‐group variance in trajectory classification

Classifying patients into groups according to longitudinal series of measurements (ie, trajectory classification) has become frequent in clinical research. Most classification models suppose an equal intra‐group variance across groups. This assumption is sometimes inappropriate because measurements in diseased subjects are often more heterogeneous than in healthy ones. We developed a new classification model for trajectories that uses unequal intra‐group variance across groups and evaluated its impact on classification using simulations and a clinical study. The classification and typical trajectories were estimated using the classification Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm to maximize the classification likelihood, the log‐likelihood being profiled during the Maximization (M) step of the algorithm. The simulations showed that assuming equal intra‐group variance resulted in a high misclassification rate (up to 50%) when the real intra‐group variances were different. This rate was greatly reduced by allowing intra‐group variances to be different. Similar classification was obtained when the real intra‐group variances were equal, except when the total sample size and the number of repeated measurements were small. In a randomized trial that compared the effect of low vs standard cyclosporine A dose on creatinine levels after cardiac transplantation, the classification model with unequal intra‐group variance led to more meaningful groups than with equal intra‐group variance and showed distinct benefits of low dose. In conclusion, we recommend the use of a classification model for trajectories that allows for unequal intra‐group variance across groups except when the number of repeated measurements and total sample size are small.
An Integrated SIW Cavity-Backed Slot Antenna-Triplexer

A low-profile antenna-triplexer is realized using a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology for radio altimeter/WLAN/ISM band applications. The antenna is composed of two SIW cavity resonators where a smaller cavity is nested inside the larger one. The larger cavity is excited by using two distinct microstrip feedlines, while the smaller one by a coax probe. The antenna produces three distinct resonances around 4.18, 5.2, and 5.8 GHz simultaneously employing one annular slot and two transverse slots. By exciting cavity modes (TE110/TE 120) and the patch mode (TM10) simultaneously, an average isolation of better than 23 dB is accomplished among three input ports. As compared to the conventional counterparts, the proposed geometry is simple to realize in a compact space. To validate the proposed idea, the design is experimentally tested, and the measured responses show a good agreement with the simulations. Moreover, the antenna shows a front-to-back ratio better than 19 dB and measured gain values of 6.56, 4.2, and 5.85 dBi at three resonances. The proposed design is compact, easy to fabricate, and capable to integrate with planar circuits.
The Associations between Dietary Patterns and Sedentary Behaviors in Polish Adults (LifeStyle Study)

Sedentary behavior, a low physical activity level, and unhealthy dietary patterns are risk factors for major chronic diseases, including obesity. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of dietary patterns (DPs) with sedentary behaviors (SB) and self-reported physical activity (PA). The data was collected in November 2016 through a cross-sectional quantitative survey amongst 1007 Polish adults. Principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted to derive DPs. Logistic regression analysis was used to verify associations between PA and SD (independent variables), and DPs (dependent variables). Five DPs (‘Fast foods & sweets’—FF&S; ‘Meat & meat products’—M&MP; ‘Fruit & vegetable’—F&V; ‘Wholemeal food’—WF; ‘Fruit & vegetable juices’—F&VJ) were identified. Representing M&MP independently increased the chance of watching TV at least once a day (by 73%). There was no such relationship between the FF&S and sedentary behaviors. Being in the upper tertiles of pro-health DPs increased the chance of reading books (by 177%—F&V, 149%—WF, 54%—F&VJ) and watching TV (by 71%—F&V). On the other hand, belonging to the upper tertile of WF reduced the chance of using the computer for more than 4 h a day. Belonging to the upper tertile of healthy DPs (WF and F&VJ) increased the chances of moderate or high physical activity, both at work/school and during leisure time. Within F&V, there was a lower chance of moderate or high physical activity at work/school. Being in the upper tertile of unhealthy DPs (FF&S and M&MP) did not show any significant association with physical activity. The study indicated the associations between both healthy and unhealthy DPs and some sedentary behaviors. Association between F&V and watching TV and reading books/newspapers should be recognized as potentially efficient in education. Association between M&MP and watching television can be indicative of the mutual overlap of a negative lifestyle resulting in the development of overweight and obesity, especially since the extent of occurrence of sedentary behaviors is high.
Mm-OWA: A Generalization of OWA Operators

We characterize those operators that satisfy the properties of monotonicity, permutation invariance, positive homogeneity, and translation invariance. As these operators do not necessarily satisfy comonotonic additivity, their class is larger than that of ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operators. We give a representation theorem for these operators, which shows, nonetheless, that this more general class can be constructed directly from that of OWA operators. In addition, we characterize the special classes consisting of operators that are either subadditive or superadditive. We suggest applications to the evaluation of complex systems.
Epigenetics Control Microglia Plasticity

Microglia, resident immune cells of the central nervous system, fulfill multiple functions in the brain throughout life. These microglial functions range from participation in innate and adaptive immune responses, involvement in the development of the brain and its homeostasis maintenance, to contribution to degenerative, traumatic, and proliferative diseases; and take place in the developing, the aging, the healthy, or the diseased brain. Thus, an impressive level of cellular plasticity, appears as a requirement for the pleiotropic biological functions of microglia. Epigenetic changes, including histone modifications or DNA methylation as well as microRNA expression, are important modifiers of gene expression, and have been involved in cell phenotype regulation and reprogramming and are therefore part of the mechanisms regulating cellular plasticity. Here, we review and discuss the epigenetic mechanisms, which are emerging as contributors to this microglial cellular plasticity and thereby can constitute interesting targets to modulate microglia associated brain diseases, including developmental diseases, neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancer.
Consistent Path Planning for On-Axle-Hitching Multisteering Trailer Systems

In this paper, consistent path planning for a multisteering trailer system (MSTS) with on-axle hitching is addressed, such that all the bodies of the MSTS can follow a same motion path. A two-level path planner is designed. In the first level, a desired path profile (DPP) composed of a main path profile (MPP) that can be chosen as any of the widely used curves/splines, as well as multiple accessorial path profiles that are introduced to meet arbitrary initial states of the trailers, is planned. In the second level, to obtain different motion trajectories for the tractor and trailers from the same DPP, we consider consistent path planning for multiple bodies of the MSTS as a problem of formation tracking in a leader–follower configuration. It is further converted into an optimal control problem using the sum of the distance errors between adjacent bodies as the cost function and time-varying delays between adjacent bodies along the DPP as the system states. This problem is solved by the Gauss pseudospectral method to generate motion trajectories for multiple trailers, which approximately correspond to the same DPP. The simulation and experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Are You Keeping an Eye on Me? The Influence of Competition and Cooperation on Joint Simon Task Performance

Social interaction plays an important role in human life. While there are instances that require cooperation, there are others that force people to compete rather than to cooperate, in order to achieve certain goals. A key question is how the deployment of attention differs between cooperative and competitive situation; however, empirical investigations have yielded inconsistent results. By manipulating the (in-)dependence of individuals via performance-contingent incentives, in a visual go–nogo Simon task the current study aimed at improving our understanding of complementary task performance in a joint action context. In the independent condition each participant received what s/he achieves; in the cooperative condition each participant received the half of what both achieved, and in the competitive condition participants were instructed that the winner takes it all. Extending previous findings, we found sequential processing adjustments of the Simon effect as a function of the interdependency (i.e., competition, cooperation) and transition between (i.e., go–nogo requirements) interacting individuals. While sequential processing adjustments of the Simon effect in both the competition and cooperation condition were unaffected when alternating between responsible actors (i.e., nogo–go transition), sequential processing adjustments were enlarged under competition for repeating responsibilities of one and the same actor (i.e., go–go transitions). In other words, the prospect of performance-contingent reward in a competitive context exclusively impacts flexible behavioral adjustments of one’s own actions. Rather than fostering the consideration and differentiation of the other actor, pushing one’s own performance to the limit appears to be the suitable strategy in competitive instances of complementary tasks. Therefore, people keep their eyes on themselves when aiming at beating a co-actor and emerging as the winner.
Reelin Can Modulate Migration of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells and Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Neurons via the Canonical Pathway

One key signaling pathway known to influence neuronal migration involves the extracellular matrix protein Reelin. Typically, signaling of Reelin occurs via apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) and very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), and the cytoplasmic adapter protein disabled 1 (Dab1). However, non-canonical Reelin signaling has been reported, though no receptors have yet been identified. Cariboni et al. (2005) indicated Dab1-independent Reelin signaling impacts gonadotropin releasing hormone-1 (GnRH) neuronal migration. GnRH cells are essential for reproduction. Prenatal migration of GnRH neurons from the nasal placode to the forebrain, juxtaposed to olfactory axons and olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), has been well documented, and it is clear that alterations in migration of these cells can cause delayed or absent puberty. This study was initiated to delineate the non-canonical Reelin signaling pathways used by GnRH neurons. Chronic treatment of nasal explants with CR-50, an antibody known to interfere with Reelin homopolymerization and Dab1 phosphorylation, decreased the distance GnRH neurons and OECs migrated. Normal migration of these two cell types was observed when Reelin was co-applied with CR-50. Immunocytochemistry was performed to determine if OECs might transduce Reelin signals via the canonical pathway, and subsequently indirectly altering GnRH neuronal migration. We show that in mouse: (1) both OECs and GnRH cells express ApoER2, VLDLR and Dab1, and (2) GnRH neurons and OECs show a normal distribution in the brain of two mutant reeler lines. These results indicate that the canonical Reelin pathway is present in GnRH neurons and OECs, but that Reelin is not essential for development of these two systems in vivo.
Sentiment Analysis of Social Networking Websites using Gravitational Search Optimization Algorithm

Analysing﻿sentiments﻿of﻿various﻿online﻿communities﻿have﻿become﻿now﻿an﻿interesting﻿topic﻿of﻿research﻿ and﻿industry. ﻿The﻿behaviour﻿of﻿online﻿communities﻿resembles﻿that﻿of﻿a﻿swarm. ﻿This﻿article﻿presents﻿ a﻿Gravitational﻿Search﻿algorithmic﻿approach﻿for﻿sentiment﻿analysis﻿of﻿online﻿communities,﻿and﻿an﻿ optimization﻿algorithm﻿which﻿is﻿based﻿on﻿the﻿mass﻿interactions﻿and﻿law﻿of﻿gravity. ﻿In﻿the﻿end,﻿the﻿ authors﻿present﻿comparisons﻿with﻿other﻿techniques,﻿particularly﻿ant﻿colony﻿optimization﻿and﻿Naive﻿ Bayes﻿classification﻿for﻿sentiment﻿analysis. KEyWORdS Ant Colony Optimization Metaheuristic, Gravitational Search Algorithm, Sentiment Analysis, Swarm Intelligence