Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Somatization in Latin America: a review of the classification of somatoform disorders, functional syndromes and medically unexplained symptoms.

OBJECTIVE medically unexplained symptoms are common and associated with mental illness in various contexts. Previous studies show that Latin American populations are prone to somatization. Given the reformulation of the International Classification of Diseases towards its 11th edition the peculiarities of the population from this region of the world shall be taken into consideration. The objective of this study is to provide information on somatization in Latin American populations to help the decision making about medically unexplained symptoms diagnostic categories in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases. METHOD Extensive review of the academic production from 1995 to 2011 on somatization in populations of Latin American origin. RESULTS The analysis of 106 studies included in this review was divided into 15 categories: systematic reviews, conceptual reviews, prevalence, primary care, depression and anxiety, risk factors, violence, organic conditions, relationship with health care, ethnicity, culture-bound syndromes, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, body dysmorphic disorder, and conversion and dissociation. CONCLUSION The Latin American studies confirm the difficulty in defining medically unexplained symptoms categories. The supposed "somatizing trace" of Latin cultures may be linked more to cultural and linguistic expression than to an ethnic nature, and these peculiarities must be on the agenda for the new classification of these phenomena in the Classification of Diseases-11th edition.
Quantitative Analysis of fushi tarazu Factor 1 Homolog Messenger Ribonucleic Acids in the Pituitary of Salmon at Different Prespawning Stages1

Abstract Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) or Ad4BP is a member of the fushi tarazu factor 1 (FTZ-F1) family and an orphan nuclear receptor that plays an important role in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis and the adrenal cortex. Although its critical role in the differentiation of adrenals, gonads, and pituitary gonadotropes has been well demonstrated, regulatory function of SF-1 during sexual maturation is yet to be examined. To investigate the potential role of SF-1 in sexual maturation, expression of two salmon FTZ-F1 homolog genes, sFF1-I and sFF1-II, was examined in the pituitaries of chum and sockeye salmons, using specific and sensitive RNase protection assays. Only sFF1-I mRNA was found in the pituitary and other organs, such as the ovary, spleen, liver, brain, and skeletal muscle. In chum salmon during upstream migration from the bay to the hatchery, the level of sFF1-I mRNA in the male fish was increased on the midway in the river, where the levels of gonadotropin α- and IIβ-subunit mRNAs were increased. In maturing sockeye salmon, the expression of the sFF1-I gene was elevated in the mature male fish, but the administration of GnRH analog did not further enhance the expression. These results indicate that sFF1-I gene expression in the pituitary is upregulated in maturing salmon, and this upregulation may not depend on GnRH.
CONGENITAL CENTRAL HYPOVENTILATION SYNDROME TREATED WITH DIAPHRAGM PACING

ABSTRACT. Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome was diagnosed in an infant who since birth had shallow respiration and CO2 retention during sleep, absent ventilatory response to hypercarbia, and no underlying disease or trauma to account for the symptoms. Diaphragm pacing was started at the age of 81/2 months and has been successfully carried out at home, guided by end‐tidal CO2 monitoring. After 22 months of home treatment, at the age of two years 9 months, linear growth and psychomotor development are progressing normally, while previous symptoms of cor pulmonale have not progressed.
Intravascular ADP and soluble nucleotidases contribute to acute prothrombotic state during vigorous exercise in humans

Extracellular ATP and ADP trigger vasodilatatory and prothrombotic signalling events in the vasculature. Here, we tested the hypothesis that nucleotide turnover is activated in the bloodstream of exercising humans thus contributing to the enhanced platelet reactivity and haemostasis. Right atrial, arterial and venous blood samples were collected from endurance‐trained athletes at rest, during submaximal and maximal cycle ergometer exercise, and after early recovery. ATP‐specific bioluminescent assay, together with high‐performance liquid chromatographic analysis, revealed that plasma ATP and ADP concentrations increased up to 2.5‐fold during maximal exercise. Subsequent flow cytometric analysis showed that plasma from exercising subjects significantly up‐regulated the surface expression of P‐selectin in human platelets and these prothrombotic effects were diminished after scavenging plasma nucleotides with exogenous apyrase. Next, using thin layer chromatographic assays with [γ‐32P]ATP and 3H/14C‐labelled nucleotides, we showed that two soluble nucleotide‐inactivating enzymes, nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase and nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase, constitutively circulate in human bloodstream. Strikingly, serum nucleotide pyrophosphatase and hydrolase activities rose during maximal exercise by 20–25 and 80–100%, respectively, and then declined after 30 min recovery. Likewise, soluble nucleotidases were transiently up‐regulated in the venous blood of sedentary subjects during exhaustive exercise. Human serum also contains 5′‐nucleotidase, adenylate kinase and nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase; however, these activities remain unchanged during exercise. In conclusion, intravascular ADP significantly augments platelet activity during strenuous exercise and these prothrombotic responses are counteracted by concurrent release of soluble nucleotide‐inactivating enzymes. These findings provide a novel insight into the mechanisms underlying the enhanced risk of occlusive thrombus formation under exercising conditions.
Relaxed head media spacing by high resolution reader at Multi Tb/in2

By rule of thumb, the head media spacing (HMS) has to be around the half distance of the bit length or below. At 10 Tb/in2 and bit aspect ratio (BAR) of 4, the bit length is only 4 nm. This requires the HMS of 2 nm. It is extremely hard to squeeze in the media overcoat and lubricant. The small HMS demand is mainly from the reader for large signal intensity and high read back resolution. This work is to benefit the super resolution characteristics of differential dual spin valve (DDSV) reader and allow the reader to playback good quality signal at higher HMS.
Lipidic Systems for In Vivo siRNA Delivery

The ability of small-interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence specific target genes not only offers a tool to study gene function but also represents a novel approach for the treatment of various human diseases. Its clinical use, however, has been severely hampered by the lack of delivery of these molecules to target cell populations in vivo due to their instability, inefficient cell entry, and poor pharmacokinetic profile. Various delivery vectors including liposomes, polymers, and nanoparticles have thus been developed in order to circumvent these problems. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the barriers and recent progress for both local and systemic delivery of therapeutic siRNA using lipidic vectors. Different strategies for formulating these siRNA-loaded lipid particles as well as the general concern about their safe use in vivo will also be discussed. Finally, current advances in the targeted delivery of siRNA and their impacts on the field of RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapy will be presented.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytological features of dermoid cyst of the parotid gland: A report of two cases

We describe the cytological features of dermoid cyst of the parotid gland and the value of preoperative diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytological evaluation. Both patients had painless parotid masses. On physical examination, a freely movable parotid mass was found in each case. CT scan showed a cystic mass in the parotid gland in each patient. FNA in both cases showed anucleated and nucleated squamous epithelium and keratin debris. The clinical features and cytological findings in each case were interpreted as suggestive of a dermoid cyst. Histological examination of surgical specimens confirmed the presence of a dermoid cyst of the parotid gland in each case. FNA is a reliable method for preoperative diagnosis and permits selection of an appropriate form of surgical procedure for dermoid cyst of the parotid gland. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1999;20:387–388. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Repositório ISCTE-IUL

Reusing software involves learning third-party APIs, a process that is often time-consuming and error-prone. Recommendation systems for API usage assistance based on statistical models built from source code corpora are capable of assisting API users through code completion mechanisms in IDEs. A valid sequence of API calls involving diﬀerent types may be regarded as a well-formed sentence of tokens from the API vocabulary. In this article we describe an approach for recommending subsequent tokens to complete API sentences using n -gram language models built from source code corpora. The provided system was integrated in the code completion facilities of the Eclipse IDE, providing contextualized completion proposals for Java taking into account the nearest lines of code. The approach was evaluated against existing client code of four widely used APIs, revealing that in more than 90% of the cases the expected subsequent token is within the 10-top-most proposals of our models. The high score provides evidence that the recommendations could help on API learning and exploration, namely through the assistance on writing valid API sentences.
Iterative data detection and channel estimation for space-time block coded continuous phase modulation over flat fading channels

The problem of iterative data detection and channel estimation for space-time block coded continuous phase modulation (CPM) signals over quasi-static flat fading channels is studied in this study. Firstly, the combination of space-time block code with CPM is not as straightforward as with linear modulation schemes, because of the requirement of phase continuity and the associated inherent memory of CPM. Therefore a novel block construction method is proposed to insert a tail sequence into each block for ensuring the phase continuity. Secondly, at the receiver the expectation–maximisation algorithm is applied to channel estimation and the estimated channel information is used to evaluate a posteriori probability for data detection. The channel estimation and data detection work iteratively. Simulation results show that the spectral efficiency of transmission is improved by the proposed block construction method and that the proposed iterative receiver outperforms its non-iterative counterpart significantly.
A 50 to 94-GHz CMOS SPDT Switch Using Traveling-Wave Concept

A fully integrated single-pole-double-throw transmit/receive switch has been designed and fabricated in standard bulk 90-nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Traveling wave concept was used to minimize the insertion loss at higher frequency and widen the operating bandwidth. The switch exhibits a measured insertion loss of 2.7 -dB, an input 1-dB compression point (input P1 dB) of 15 dBm, and a 29-dB isolation at the center frequency of 77 GHz. The total chip size is only 0.57 times 0.42 mm 2 including all testing pads. To our knowledge, this is the first CMOS switch demonstrated beyond 50 GHz, and the performances rival those monolithic microwave integrated circuit switches using standard GaAs PHEMTs
Patients’ perceptions of physical activity before and after joint replacement: a systematic review with meta-ethnographic analysis

Background It has been perceived that people following total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have the capability, with reduced pain, to increase their levels of physical activity. Objectives To determine the attitudes and perceptions of people awaiting or having undergone THA or TKA to physical activity post-arthroplasty and to identify potential facilitators or barriers to engage in active living and physical activity pursuits. Methods Systematic review of published and unpublished databases was undertaken from their inception to November 2014. Studies exploring the attitudes and perceptions of people awaiting or having undergone THA or TKA to physical activity post-arthroplasty were included. Data were analysed through a meta-ethnography approach. Results From 528 citations, 13 papers were eligible, sampling 282 people post-THA or TKA. The literature was judged moderate to high quality. Following THA and TKA, people either wished to return to their pre-pathology level of physical activity or simply be able to engage in less physically demanding activities that are meaningful to them and their lifestyles. Barriers to engaging in higher levels of physical activity were largely related to limited information, which culminated in fear surrounding ‘doing the right thing’ both for individual's recovery and the longevity of the joint replacement. Conclusions While many people post-THA or TKA wish to return to pre-pathological physical activity status, there is limited interest in actually undertaking greater levels of physical activity post-arthroplasty either for pleasure or health gains. Improvement in education and awareness of this may be key drivers to improve habitualisation of physical activity post-arthroplasty. Trial registration number CRD42014014995.
Cutting It: European Integration, Trade Regimes, and the Reconfiguration of East–Central European Apparel Production

Since the late 1980s the European apparel sector has witnessed a dramatic transformation. Driven by increasing costs in Western Europe, major Western apparel retailers and buyers have expanded their contracting of production into lower cost regions of ‘postcommunist’ Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. One consequence of these changes is a burgeoning of apparel producers in peripheral European and North African regions, locked into supply relations with Western buyers. Equally apparent is a dramatic growth in apparel trade between the European Union (EU) and the countries of East–Central Europe (ECE). For much of the 1990s these processes were driven by outward processing trade arrangements between EU countries and applicant states in ECE, along with the EU customs union with Turkey. Further liberalization of trade regimes during the 1990s removed these outward processing customs arrangements, but outward-processing forms of assembly production continue. The authors chart these transformations, and signal one part of the emerging architecture of trade relations between the EU and ECE after 1989. They explore the trade regulation changes that have provided a context for outsourcing and examine the different strategies of EU retailers and manufacturers in the governance of pan-European apparel production and trade.
Pure beta-particle-emitting stents inhibit neointima formation in rabbits.

BACKGROUND Considerable experimental evidence exists that neointimal hyperplasia after angioplasty is inhibited by gamma-irradiation of the treated arteries. A beta-particle radiation is absorbed in tissue within a shorter distance away from the source than gamma-radiation and may be more suitable for localized vessel irradiation. This study outlines a method to implant a beta-particle-emitting radioisotope (32P; half-life, 14.3 days) into metallic stents. The effects of these stents on the inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia was compared with conventional stents in a rabbit model. METHODS AND RESULTS 32P was produced by irradiation of red amorphous phophorus (31P) with neutrons and was implanted into Palmaz-Schatz stents (7.5 mm in length) after being kept apart from 31P in a mass separator. The radioisotope was tightly fixed to the stents, and the ion implantation process did not alter the surface texture. Stent activity levels of 4 and 13 microCi were chosen for the study. Four and 12 weeks after placement of conventional stents and 32P-implanted stents in rabbit iliac arteries, vascular injury and neointima formation were studied by histomorphometry. Immunostaining for smooth muscle cell (SMC) alpha-actin was performed to determine SMC cellularity in the neointima. SMCs were quantified by computer-assisted counting of alpha-actin immunoreactive cells. Endothelialization of the stents was evaluated by immunostaining for endothelial cell von Willebrand factor. No difference in vessel wall injury was found after placement of conventional and 32P-implanted stents. Neointima formation was potently inhibited by 32P-implanted stents only at an activity level of 13 microCi after 4 and 12 weeks. Neointimal SMC cellularity was reduced in 32P-implanted stents compared with conventional stents. Radioactive stents were endothelialized after 4 weeks, but endothelialization was less dense than in conventional stents. CONCLUSIONS Neointima formation in rabbits is markedly suppressed by a beta-particle-emitting stent incorporating the radioisotope 32P. In this model, a dose-response relation with this type of radioactive stent was observed, indicating that a threshold radiation dose must be delivered to inhibit neointima formation after stent placement over the long term.
Rehabilitation outcomes: values, methodologies and applications

Background. Just what defines a ‘good’ outcome in rehabilitation has been a much-debated issue. Indeed, this question remains a major focus in research, clinical practice and policy (with funding in many countries now being linked to outcomes achieved rather than outputs or services provided). Despite this rather constant attention, complexity, contention and confusion remain. Purpose. This special issue presents 10 papers that take a fresh look at some of the long-standing problems concerning rehabilitation outcomes and, proposes novel ways to reconsider things and move forward. Results. In this article, we provide a brief commentary on key issues raised by authors all of which focus on one or more of the following three key themes: the place of values in selecting and targeting outcomes; novel methodologies that may usefully inform measurement of outcome and finally; application of the thinking about outcomes in specific examples. Conclusion. The papers in this special issue address a number of key issues concerning the evaluation of outcomes in rehabilitation. In so doing, some of the prevalent assumptions underpinning common approaches are questioned and novel ways forward are proposed.
World cloud cover feature extraction base on wavelet and statistics from ISCCP D2 dataset

In order to extract cloud cover feature from ISCCP D2 dataset, a method of feature extraction using wavelet and statistics was used. This method concerned the characteristic of the cloud cover and the applications requirement, and combined the autocorrelation function, partial autocorrelation function with the wavelet method. We can get the conclusion from the features: (1) the features from wavelet analysis are more evident than the features from original series; (2) most of the cloud amount series in ISCCP D2 dataset are stationary series, and the autocorrelation functions (AF) and partial autocorrelation functions (PAF) shows there are diurnal cycle in these series. As a result, it is possible to establish ARIMA model to estimate the cloud amount for a small region in the world.
Classification of Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Recurrences After Breast Conservation Therapy Can Predict Patient Prognosis and Facilitate Treatment Planning

Objective:To classify ipsilateral breast tumor recurrences (IBTR) as either new primary tumors (NP) or true local recurrence (TR). We utilized 2 different methods and compared sensitivities and specificities between them. Our goal was to determine whether distinguishing NP from TR had prognostic value. Background:After breast-conservation therapy, IBTR may be classified into 2 distinct types (NP and TR). Studies have attempted to classify IBTR by using tumor location, histologic subtype, DNA flow cytometry data, or gene-expression profiling data. Methods:A total of 447 (7.9%) of 5660 patients undergoing breast-conservation therapy from 1970 to 2005 experienced IBTR. Clinical data from 397 patients were available for review. We classified IBTRs as NP or TR on the basis of either tumor location and histologic subtype (method 1) or tumor location, histologic subtype, estrogen receptor status and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status (method 2). Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to evaluate overall and disease-specific survival differences between the 2 groups. Classification methods were validated by calculating sensitivity and specificity values using a Bayesian method. Results:Of 397 patients, 196 (49.4%) were classified as NP by method 1 and 212 (53.4%) were classified as NP by method 2. The sensitivity and specificity values were 0.812 and 0.867 for method 1 and 0.870 and 0.800 for method 2, respectively. Regardless of method used, patients classified as NP developed contralateral breast carcinoma more often but had better 10-year overall and disease-specific survival rates than those classified as TR. Patients with TR were more likely to develop metastatic disease after IBTR. Conclusion:Ipsilateral breast tumor recurrences classified as TR and NP had clinically different features, suggesting that classifying IBTR may provide clinically significant data for the management of IBTR.
Species-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies to Escherichia coli-Expressed p36 Cytosolic Protein ofMycoplasma hyopneumoniae

ABSTRACT The p36 protein of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a cytosolic protein carrying species-specific antigenic determinants. Based on the genomic sequence of the reference strain ATCC 25934, primers were designed for PCR amplification of the p36-encoding gene (948 bp). These primers were shown to be specific to M. hyopneumoniae since no DNA amplicons could be obtained with other mycoplasma species and pathogenic bacteria that commonly colonize the porcine respiratory tract. The amplified p36 gene was subcloned into the pGEX-4T-1 vector to be expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST). The GST-p36 recombinant fusion protein was purified by affinity chromatography and cut by thrombin, and the enriched p36 protein was used to immunize female BALB/c mice for the production of anti-p36 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). The polypeptide specificity of the nine MAbs obtained was confirmed by Western immunoblotting with cell lysates prepared from the homologous strain. Cross-reactivity studies of the anti-p36 MAbs towards two other M. hyopneumoniae reference strains (ATCC 25095 and J strains) and Quebec field strains that had been isolated in culture suggested that these anti-p36 MAbs were directed against a highly conserved epitope, or closely located epitopes, of the p36 protein. No reactivity was demonstrated against other mycoplasma species tested. Clinical signs and lesions suggestive of enzootic pneumonia were reproduced in specific-pathogen-free pigs infected experimentally with a virulent Quebec field strain (IAF-DM9827) of M. hyopneumoniae. The bacteria could be recovered from lung homogenates of pigs that were killed after the 3-week observation period by both PCR and cultivation procedures. Furthermore, the anti-p36 MAbs permitted effective detection by indirect immunofluorescence of M. hyopneumoniae in frozen lung sections from experimentally infected pigs. However, attempts to use the recombinant p36 protein as an antigen in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies in sera from convalescent pigs showed no correlation with clinical and pathological findings.