Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the observed ecohydrologic dynamics of a semiarid basin with aspect‐delimited ecosystems

In semiarid complex terrain, the combination of elevation and aspect promotes variations in the water and energy balance, resulting in slopes with distinct ecologic and hydrologic properties. Quantifying the differential energy and water dynamics of opposing slopes can provide essential information on the potential effects of climate variability on landscapes. In this study, we use observations from a network of hydrologic sensors deployed on the slopes of a semiarid catchment in central New Mexico, USA, to quantify the ecohydrologic dynamics of two coexisting and contrasting ecosystems: a juniper (Juniperus monosperma) savanna on a north facing slope (NFS) and a creosote (Larrea tridentata) shrubland on a south facing slope (SFS). Our analyses show that: (1) energy loads exert a first‐order control on the dynamics of evapotranspiration and soil moisture residence times in the catchment, with vegetation imposing a second‐order control at the onset of the growing season; (2) soils exhibit a characteristic progression of moisture and temperature along the slope‐aspect continuum that is preserved throughout the year, going from a wetter and cooler NFS to a drier and warmer SFS; (3) there are remarkable differences in the runoff dynamics among the catchment slopes, with a smaller precipitation threshold triggering larger SFS runoff amounts than at its NFS counterpart; and (4) seasonal water balances of the NFS and SFS follow opposite trajectories in the year and point to distinct soil water pools for evapotranspiration demands. The results of this study have important implications for understanding landscape changes in areas of complex topography under current and future climate variability.
Modeling and Design of Millimeter-Wave High $Q$-Factor Parallel Feeding Scheme for Dielectric Resonator Antenna Arrays

A planar, high-Q-factor, low-cost, and low-profile waveguide feeding scheme, based upon the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) concept, for a rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) at the millimeter wave (mmW) band is presented. It helps to enhance the overall antenna radiation efficiency and avoid any disturbance caused by conventional feeding schemes. Furthermore, a simple transmission line (T.L.) circuit model is proposed as an easy method to calculate the antenna reflection coefficient and radiation pattern (gain). As an example, a 1 × 8 linear antenna array is used to validate the usefulness of the feeding scheme and the proposed T.L. circuit model. The simulated results obtained by the circuit model are presented in this letter and compared to those calculated by the full-wave numerical (HFSS) solver.
The Extraneuronal Transporter for Monoamine Transmitters Exists in Cells Derived from Human Central Nervous System Glia

From studies on sympathetically innervated peripheral tissues it is well known that both neuronal and nonneuronal transport systems contribute to the inactivation of released monoamine transmitters. The close proximity between synapses and glia cell processes in the CNS leads to the so far unresolved question whether non‐neuronal transporters are involved in the inactivation of centrally released monoamine transmitters such as noradrenaline, dopamine and 5‐hydroxytryptamine. 1‐Methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+) is a prototypical substrate of the extraneuronal monoamine transporter (uptake2). [3H]MPP+ was found to accumulate in various human glioma cell lines. [3H]MPP+transport was characterized in more detail in HTZ146 human glioma cells. The Ki values of various compounds for the inhibition of initial rates of [3H]MPP+ transport into HTZ146 cells were closely correlated with the known Ki values for the inhibition of the extraneuronal monoamine transporter (P < 0.001, r= 0.991, n= 7). The rank order of inhibitory potencies was decynium 22 > corticosterone > cyanine 863 > O‐methylisoprenaline > quinine > clonidine > quinidine. [3H]MPP+ accumulation was investigated not only in various CNS tumour cell lines but also in primary cultures of human astrocytes and rat cerebral cortex slices. In all tested experimental systems, accumulation was sensitive to cyanine‐related inhibitors of the extraneuronal monoamine transporter. These findings suggest that the extraneuronal monoamine transporter exists in glia cells. Furthermore, it was shown that MPP+ is able to make use of the extraneuronal monoamine transporter not only to enter but also to leave glia cells. This finding suggests that the extraneuronal monoamine transporter may play a key role in the mechanism of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) neurotoxicity.
Parental education and child mortality in Burundi

Summary This paper examines the relationship between parental education and child mortality in Burundi using data collected in the 1987 Demographic and Health Survey. Proportional hazards models are estimated to examine this relationship, while holding constant other known child mortality determinants. Parental education proves to be a key factor in explaining differences in child mortality, the effect of maternal education being particularly strong compared to paternal education.
A priority based dynamic resource mapping algorithm for load balancing in cloud

Cloud computing is a rising technology which is responsible for supplying of computing resources on the basis of demand, as and when needed. Cloud provides many facilities due to its vast resources such as sharing resources for different purposes. Cloud computing faces many challenges in respect of performance and efficiency. To increase the cloud computing environment's efficiency, Virtual Machines (VM) has been employed for resource provisioning. In this paper, we proposed an algorithm that performs load distribution of workloads among different VM based on priority. This algorithm is proposed in the aim of load balancing of different nodes by considering maximum throughput with minimum execution time. To achieve that, the VM are sorted according to their processing powers and job requests are assigned to VM based on their instruction numbers and priorities. The proposed algorithm is experimented using CloudSim simulator and the results demonstrated that the performance of the algorithm is better than other conventional algorithms.
Predictors of compliance with psychological interventions offered in the community

Background. This study sought to evaluate the acceptance of two brief psychological interventions for depressed individuals, contacted through a community survey, and to look for predictors of adherence at the patient level. Method. The authors used data from the Outcomes of Depression International Network (ODIN) study, which included a randomized controlled trial in which depressed individuals from five European countries, and nine geographical areas were assigned to one of three groups: individual problem-solving treatment, group psychoeducation, or control group. In this analysis, we included all of the individuals who had been assigned to one of the psychological interventions. Compliance with intervention was defined in two different ways. Multiple logistic regression was used to see which variables might predict an individual's compliance with psychological treatment. Results. Psychological intervention was offered to 236 subjects. Treatment was completed by 128 subjects and not by 108 (compliance definition A). Three variables were found to have an effect on compliance A: the presence of a confidant, the use of antidepressant medication during the previous 6 months, and the previous use of any social or health services. On the other hand, 164 subjects had agreed to at least start the treatment, and 72 had not (compliance definition B). The three factors associated with compliance B were presence of a confidant, previous use of services, and the ‘desire for change’ score. Conclusions. Social support and previous use of services are the main predictors of compliance with a psychological treatment in depressed individuals from the community. Implications for clinical practice and community programs are discussed.
Multielement spectrometer for efficient measurement of the momentum transfer dependence of inelastic x-ray scattering

Nonresonant x-ray Raman scattering (XRS) is the inelastic scattering of hard x rays from the K shell of low-Z elements or the less tightly bound shells of heavier elements. In the limit of low momentum transfer q, XRS is determined by the same transition matrix element as is measured by x-ray absorption spectroscopies. However, XRS at higher q can often access higher order multipole transitions which help separate the symmetry of various contributions to the local density of states. The main drawback of XRS is its low cross section—a problem that is compounded for a q-dependent study. To address this issue, we have constructed a multielement spectrometer to simultaneously measure XRS at ten different values of q. By means of example, we report new measurements of the XRS from the L- and K-edges of Mg. This instrument is now available to general users at the Advanced Photon Source as the lower energy resolution inelastic x-ray scattering (LERIX) spectrometer.
A Product Aspects Identification Method by Using Translation-Based Language Model

Aspect identification is a fundamental basic process for web opinion analysis of product reviews, which shows great potential in many real applications of e-commerce. The main stream of the solutions of aspects identification is to explore the modification relationship between aspect and opinion words. In this paper, we investigate the complexity of the review sentence to better capture the modification relations. Then, we propose a language model based aspect identification method integrated with a translation model to exploit these modification relations for performance improvement. The experimental results on 11 popular products in four domains from various web sites show our approach is more effective compared with some strong baselines and the state-of-the-art methods.
IL-12p35-Deficient Mice Are Susceptible to Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Evidence for Redundancy in the IL-12 System in the Induction of Central Nervous System Autoimmune Demyelination1

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) serves as a model for multiple sclerosis and is considered a CD4+, Th1 cell-mediated autoimmune disease. IL-12 is a heterodimeric cytokine, composed of a p40 and a p35 subunit, which is thought to play an important role in the development of Th1 cells and can exacerbate EAE. We induced EAE with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide 35–55 (MOG35–55) in C57BL/6 mice and found that while IL-12p40-deficient (−/−) mice are resistant to EAE, IL-12p35−/− mice are susceptible. Typical spinal cord mononuclear cell infiltration and demyelination were observed in wild-type and IL-12p35−/− mice, whereas IL-12p40−/− mice had normal spinal cords. A Th1-type response to MOG35–55 was observed in the draining lymph node and the spleen of wild-type mice. A weaker MOG35–55-specific Th1 response was observed in IL-12p35−/− mice, with lower production of IFN-γ. By contrast, a Th2-type response to MOG35–55 correlated with disease resistance in IL-12p40−/− mice. Production of TNF-α by microglia, CNS-infiltrating macrophages, and CD4+ T cells was detected in wild-type and IL-12p35−/−, but not in IL-12p40−/−, mice. In addition, NO production was higher in IL-12p35−/− and wild-type mice than in IL-12p40−/− mice. These data demonstrate a redundancy of the IL-12 system in the induction of EAE and suggest that p40-related heterodimers, such as the recently cloned IL-23 (p40p19), may play an important role in disease pathogenesis.
Sequence elements in the Escherichia coli araFGH promoter

The Escherichia coli araFGH operon codes for proteins involved in the L-arabinose high-affinity transport system. Transcriptional regulation of the operon was studied by creating point mutations and deletions in the control region cloned into a GalK expression vector. The transcription start site was confirmed by RNA sequencing of transcripts. The sequences essential for polymerase function were localized by deletions and point mutations. Surprisingly, only a weak -10 consensus sequence, and no -35 sequence is required. Mutation of a guanosine at position -12 greatly reduced promoter activity, which suggests important polymerase interactions with DNA between the usual -10 and -35 positions. A double mutation toward the consensus in the -10 region was required to create a promoter capable of significant AraC-independent transcription. These results show that the araFGH promoter structure is similar to that of the galP1 promoter and is substantially different from that of the araBAD promoter. The effects of 11 mutations within the DNA region thought to bind the cyclic AMP receptor protein correlate well with the CRP consensus binding sequence and confirm that this region is responsible for cyclic AMP regulation. Deletion of the AraC binding site nearest the promoter, araFG1, eliminates arabinose regulation, whereas deletion of the upstream AraC binding site, araFG2, has only a slight effect on promoter activity.
VAR Estimation and Forecasting When Data Are Subject to Revision

We show that Howrey’s method for producing economic forecasts when data are subject to revision is easily generalized to handle the case where data are produced by a sophisticated statistical agency. The proposed approach assumes that government estimates are efficient with a finite lag. It takes no stand on whether earlier revisions are the result of “news” or of reductions in “noise. ” We present asymptotic performance results in the scalar case and illustrate the technique using several simple models of economic activity. In each case, it outperforms both conventional VAR analysis and the original Howrey method. It produces GDP forecasts that are competitive with those of professional forecasters. Special cases and extensions of the analysis are discussed in a series of appendices that are available online.
Dual estimation of attitude and parameters considering vibration based on GPS and IMU

Attitude determination is strongly coupled with the estimation of unknown vibration parameters when the output of the inertial measurement unit (IMU) is corrupted by the vibration induced by the piston engine. The unknown vibration parameters in the attitude dynamics can degrade attitude accuracy of dead reckoning. In this paper, a dual estimation of attitude and parameters considering vibration is investigated for small UAV. The dynamic model contained attitude and parameters is established by state augmentation, and the observations are chosen as GPS velocity and heading. In order to employ hybrid extended kalman filter for dual estimation, Jacobian matrixes are formulated by linearizing the estimation model to propagate and update error variance. Since joint state estimation has tremendous computational loads, based on matrix blocking a state and parameter separated estimation is proposed to decouple the estimation of attitude and parameters. Simulation results show that the proposed method can give high precision attitude than the common filter without considering vibration.
Kinship of long‐term associates in the highly social sperm whale

The evolution of stable social groups can be promoted by both indirect and direct fitness benefits. Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) are highly social, with a hierarchical social structure based around core groups of adult females and subadults, a rare level of complexity among mammals. We combined long‐term satellite tracking (ranging from 11 to 607 days) of 51 individual sperm whales with genetic kinship analysis to assess the pattern of kin associations within and among coherent social units. Unlike findings for other species with similar social structure, we find no consistent correlation between kinship and association apart from close associations between two pairs of first‐order relatives. A third pair of first‐order relatives did not associate, and overall, the mean relatedness was the same within as among social groups. However, social behaviour can also be promoted by ecological factors such as resource dispersion. We assessed putative foraging behaviour during travel from the satellite‐tracking data, which suggested that prey resources were dispersed and unpredictable, a condition that could promote living in groups.
Application of Artificial Neural Network to Stock Forecasting-Comparison with SES and ARIMA

Stock market also known as equity market is a public entity which is a loose network of economic transactions, not a physical facility or discrete entity for the trading of company stock or shares and derivatives at an agreed price. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), which is a common method to identify unknown and hidden patterns in data which is suitable for stock market prediction. In this study we applied a time-delayed neural network model for forecasting future price of stock by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methodology. We compared ANN with Single Exponential Smoothening (SES) and Autoregressive-Integrated-Moving-Average (ARIMA) models, the ANN forecasting tool proved to be more precise than the SES and 1 Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria. E-mail: jkalhassan@futminna.edu. ng 2 Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria. E-mail: el.bashir02@futminna.edu. ng 3 Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria. E-mail: mrlar7yk@yahoo.co.uk Article Info: Received : March 2, 2014. Revised : April 21, 2014. Published online : May 31, 2014. 180 Application of Artificial Neural Network to stock forecastingComparison ARIMA as it had a smaller Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.686 as compared to the RMSE of the SES which was 2.7400 and ARIMA which was 1.6570. Mathematics Subject Classification: 68T01
Platform based development of embedded systems for traction and power engineering applications - experiences and challenges

The paper deals with development of platform based, embedded, hard real-time systems for traction and power engineering applications. Such systems are intended to have lifecyle of more than 20 years. Several cases of successful projects based on two typical platform architectures are presented. Both hardware and software platforms and components are described along with some topics that can help to identify advantages and disadvantages of such an attitude. Particular attention is given to the problem usually not taken into account-component obsolescence.
Using Combination of Evidence for Term Expansion

Expanding a user query automatically with terms taken from documents that are most similar to the query is a reliable way of finding more relevant documents. To date most approaches to this problem have focused on modifying the query. In this paper we argue that it is useful to create a new query from similar documents, rank both the user query and the new query, and combine the evidence. We show that there are both theoretic and practical advantages in this process.
Handbook of Spectrum Auction Design

In the past two decades, telecommunications has turned into a highly competitive industry where companies are competing to buy valuable spectrum. Following the successful Personal Communications Services (PCS) Auction conducted by the US Federal Communications Commission in 1994, auctions have replaced traditional ways of allocating valuable radio spectrum such as comparative hearings (sometimes referred to as ”beauty contests”), or lotteries. In a spectrum auction a government uses an auction to sell the licenses to transmit signals over specific bands of the electromagnetic spectrum and to assign scarce spectrum resources. Spectrum auctions have raised hundreds of billion dollars worldwide and have become a role model for market-based approaches in the public and private sectors. The allocation of spectrum licenses for several years provides strong investment incentives for the carriers. They shape the mobile telephony market in a country and have significant impact on the prices paid by and the service provided to end consumers. The PCS auction was organized as a simultaneous multi-round auction (SMRA), a simple but flexible format to sell multiple objects in parallel and has many advantages. This auction format allows bidders to compete for licenses individually even though they typically value certain combinations. Unfortunately, SMRA exposes bidders to risk when they bid aggressively for a desired combination but end up winning an inferior subset. Foreseeing this possibility, bidders may act cautiously with adverse effects for revenue and efficiency. Combinatorial auctions allow for bids on combinations of licenses and thus hold the promise of improved performance. Spectrum auction design has seen several innovations recently such as the single-stage and the two-stage combinatorial clock auction, hierarchical package bidding, or sealed-bid combinatorial auctions. Combinatorial auctions allow bidders to express complementary valuations for packages of spectrum, however, they also lead to new design challenges such as the computational hardness of the allocation problem, or the combinatorial growth in the number of package bids in some auction formats. The motivation for this edited volume came from discussions with regulators, consultants, and telecoms who were asking for literature on recent trends in spectrum auction design. Spectrum auctions are being conducted regularly across the world, and apart from academics and students in the various fields, practitioners want to get an overview of various developments in this field. More generally speaking, the contributions in this book deal with resource allocation problems involving hard computational allocation problems, and strategic market participants. These questions are fundamental to computer science, economics, and operations research alike. Actually, combinatorial auctions are only possible nowadays due to the substantial advances in
Decreased RB 1 mRNA , Protein , and Activity Re fl ect Obesity-Induced Altered Adipogenic Capacity in Human Adipose Tissue

Retinoblastoma (Rb1) has been described as an essential player in white adipocyte differentiation in mice. No studies have been reported thus far in human adipose tissue or human adipocytes. We aimed to investigate the possible role and regulation of RB1 in adipose tissue in obesity using human samples and animal and cell models. Adipose RB1 (mRNA, protein, and activity) was negatively associated with BMI and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) while positively associated with the expression of adipogenic genes (PPARg and IRS1) in both visceral and subcutaneous human adipose tissue. BMI increase was the main contributor to adipose RB1 downregulation. In rats, adipose Rb1 gene expression and activity decreased in parallel to dietary-induced weight gain and returned to baseline with weight loss. RB1 gene and protein expression and activity increased significantly during human adipocyte differentiation. In fully differentiated adipocytes, transient knockdown of Rb1 led to loss of the adipogenic phenotype. In conclusion, Rb1 seems to play a permissive role for human adipose tissue function, being downregulated in obesity and increased during differentiation of human adipocytes. Rb1 knockdown findings further implicate Rb1 as necessary for maintenance of adipogenic characteristics in fully differentiated adipocytes.