Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The dry matter digestibility characteristics of tropical tree legumes using menke in vitro gas production technique

PAMUNGKAS, D. and C.C. SEVILLA. 2003. The dry matter digestibility characteristics of tropical tree legumes using menke in vitro gas production technique. JITV 8(4): 233-238. The amount of gas released when a feed was incubated in vitro with rumen fluid, was closely related to the digestibility of the feed. The experiment using Menke in vitro gas production was conducted to determine the dry matter digestibility of tropical tree legumes; Leucaena leucocephala, Flemingia macrophyla, and Gliricida sepium. The samples were collected from Institute of Animal Science farms of the University of the Philippines at Los Banos. The amount of gas produced were recorded at 3, 6, 12, 48 and 72 hours of incubation. To estimate the volume of gas, the equation of Tuah was adopted; while to describe the course of gas production, the equation of MCDONALD was used. The washing loss was not measured and assumed to be zero. Results showed that leucaena at 12 hours was the highest in the volume of gas produced (1.217 ml/g DM). There was a similarity of highly increase of the gas produced between gliricidia and flemingia at 24 hours of incubation i.e 1.60 ml/g DM and 1.60ml/g DM. The potential extent gas production at 72 hours (b value) and the gas production rate (c value) of three legumes were no significantly different. According to the logarithmic-curve of gas volume produced, leucaena tended to be the highest of increase in potential extent and the gas production rate. The different rate of gas production in related to incubation reflected the dry matter digestibility of the three legumes in the rumen.
Wormholes and Science Fiction

This article is the transcript of the audio-visual presentation titled ‘Wormholes: Science Fiction or Pure Fantasy? ’ [7] prior to Hollywood’s release of the movie ‘Interstellar’, the plot of which involves astronauts travelling through a wormhole to save the Human Race. It is explained in simply terms why the wormhole has no relation to reality, just as the black hole has no relation to reality.
Real-Time Video Compression for Driver Assistance Camera Systems

In-vehicle communication systems have become quite complex and costly mainly because of the growing number of in-car audio and video applications and the different interconnected network technologies. In order to reduce the complexity and the production cost, an IP-based network realized by the Fast-Ethernet and Wireless LAN (WLAN) technologies has been proposed in our previous work that connects all audio and video transmitting devices in the car. However, in order not to exceed the link capacities while transmitting several video streams simultaneously, video compression is necessary. Video streams from driver assistance services have str ict delay and quality requirements for the underlying network system. In this work, we compare and analyze applicable video codecs for real-time video applications in the car and define metrics to evaluate the performance of the algorithms in wired and wireless networks. Concepts for the hardware realization of IP cameras with hardware based video codecs are finally described to further improve the coding performance.
CHARACTERIZATION OF BACILLUS SP. FROM SOIL ISOLATES AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF COCCINIA GRANDIS (L.) DIFFERENT LEAF EXTRACTS ON ANTIBACTERIAL STATUS AGAINST BACILLUS SP.

Objective: Bacillus sp. is now broadly responsible for various human infection and food spoilage. At present, identification and molecular characterization of major types of Bacillus sp. are important for human being. Methods: Antibacterial activities of six different concentrations each of ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of Coccinia grandis (L.) leaf on soil bacteria were assessed on the basis of disk diffusion method and the zone of inhibition was measured in mm unit. Different Bacillus sp. was characterized by using 16S rDNA sequencing. Results: Six different types of Bacillus sp. were identified depending on 16S rDNA sequencing and NCBI database information. It has also been shown that the best extract was ethyl acetate due to its highest zone of inhibition (Paenibacillus sp. BF38 (23.0±0.41), Terribacillus sp. 3LF (21.0±0.00), Bacillus simplex (23.0±0.43), Bacillus cereus (23.5±0.70), Paenibacillus sp.L32 (22.5±0.37), Bacillus megaterium (23.0±0.04)) as compared to other two extracts. Conclusion: The efficacy of Coccinia grandis (L.) leaf extracts as natural antibacterial agent was found ethyl acetate extract > ethanol extract > chloroform extract.
Growth and pigment constituents of the red alga Gracilaria edulis (Gmelin) Silva, grown at different depths

Chlorophyll-a, phycoerythrin, phycocyanin and allophycocyanin of the red alga, Gracilaria edulis, cultured in outdoor tanks under natural light at different depths were estimated. Crop growth rate and pigment contents in relation to varjdng light intensities (depth) were observed. An inverse relationship between pigment content and the light intensity was noted. But growth rate was more at higher light intensities. The level of irradiance needed for
The Formal Features of Digital Media for Infants and Toddlers: A Content Analysis

Children as young as 3 months old are using digital media, and the media market of videos designed for infants and toddlers is rapidly expanding. These videos are mostly marketed as educational tools for very young children. Formal features are production techniques that provide specific visual and auditory means of representing content, and they can have a large influence on a child’s ability to learn from these “educational” programs. Research on media for older children has shown that certain features are more conducive for children to learn from digital media than other features. Despite the extensive research that has been done on how preschool-aged children are affected by digital media, there is little information about how infants and toddlers are affected by videos or if they can learn anything of value from viewing experiences. This study evaluates which formal features are present in the digital media designed for infants and toddlers in light of two prominent theories of viewingthe perceptual salience model and the comprehensibility model. A sample of DVDs designed for children under age three was coded in six different passes. Overall, these videos used some features that aid children’s understanding of content, such as female narration, which supports the comprehensibility hypothesis. However, infant-directed videos predominantly used some perceptually salient features that make comprehension difficult for children, such as rapid pace, many camera cuts and visual and auditory special effects. Future research should use these findings to study how infants and toddlers respond to the digital media designed for them.
Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology : Official Journal of the Societa Botanica Italiana

The variation of riparian plant species composition along a river according to lithological features, forming more or less discrete plant assemblages, was tested using multivariate and univariate analyses. Moreover, Sørensen’s index was applied to examine similarity between geological and floristic groups, and the Wilson–Shmida index to investigate species turnover. The analyses were based on field data recorded along a Mediterranean river (Rio Santa Lucia, Sardinia, Italy), where the morphology is influenced by the bedrock-alluvial transition. The results obtained from the various analytical techniques were in close agreement, and underlined that the lithological types exerted an important influence on the distribution and richness (peak in the medium and the upper river part) of riparian plants, but also in their life forms (woody species and hemicryptophytes). The distribution patterns of species along the river suggested that primary drivers in the organization of the riparian plant communities were lithological types, geomorphology and altitude. Moreover, the bedrock-alluvial transition marked the highest species turnover, linked also to a different degree of human disturbance. The results of the present study indicate that the bedrock/alluvial influence is an integral component of the patch structure, which strongly influences riparian plant distribution patterns in a Mediterranean environment.
A Study on Safety of Reconstructed Regions after 1990 Rudbar-Manjil Earthquake in Iran

Recovery and post-recovery stages are crucial parts of a risk management system to achieve several objectives: to return the affected area to pre-disaster stage after the catastrophe, to organize essential elements for the prevention of the next disaster, and to increase the capacity of the society. It is important to evaluate the functionality of this stage in any reconstruction program. This paper makes an effort to study the long-term results of reconstruction and recovery (recovery for short) efforts after 1990 Rudbar-Manjil Earthquake in Iran. It both evaluates the vulnerability of the existing buildings and, based on that, evaluates region’s safety. Two separated analyses have been used for the evaluation of buildings’ vulnerability: 1) survey of random buildings, and 2) the regional analysis. The results indicate that two decades after the event; more than 80% of existing buildings are still seismically vulnerable and show that recovery efforts has failed to improve the region’s safety. In this investigation, to establish a safe development culture in after future disaster, it is proposed to have a pre-designed recovery plan with following strategies: 1) Maximum use of local construction technology and technique in the recovery stage. 2) Designing a comprehensive and steady educational program to teach the safe and new methods of reconstruction to local workers. 3) Creation and promotion of an effective system of supervision
Analyzing Mediators of the Customer Satisfaction - Loyalty Relation in Internet Retailing

This study explores the customer satisfaction – loyalty relation in the context of online shopping by introducing various mediators, such as trust, attitude, hedonic value, and utilitarian value. For data collection, we used an online consumer survey in relation to Internet retailing. In this paper we found empirical evidence that loyalty and satisfaction have a reciprocal relationship, but that mediators exist between satisfaction and loyalty. The findings of this study have consequences for customer relationship management, particularly in terms of retention, of the satisfied consumers in an e-shopping environment.
Field-Theoretical Investigations of the Influence of Mutual Coupling Effects on the Capacity of MIMO Wireless Links

We present a MIMO channel model which takes into account mutual coupling effects at the receiver and transmitter array in order to assess the influence of mutual coupling effects on the capacity of MIMO channels. We evaluate the mutual impedances using a general approach based on the electric field integral equation (EFIE) and its implementation by the method of moments (MOM). We compute the capacity of a 2x2-MIMO system in a one path scenario for square half wavelength patch antenna elements and half wavelength dipole antenna elements. The capacity of the MIMO system with and without coupling increases compared to the single antenna transmission for the patch antenna elements. On the contrary for half wavelength dipole antenna elements we have found that the MIMO system degenerates to a one-transmitting, one-receiving antenna system due to mutual coupling.
Klebsiella and Raoultella biotyping andprobability of identification by Vitek-2 system

In the present study 800 clinical samples were collected and subjected to biotypes studies. Whereas the present study proved candidates isolates revealed many of biotypes belong the same species of Klebsiella and Raoultella. Furthermore, this study also demonstrated that isolates which had been candidates to Vitek-2 system,revealed different probabilities,the probability of identification were as follow , excellent 54.7%, very good 7.5%, good 24.5%, acceptable13.2% and low discrimination 1.88% and sum of (excellent ,very good and good ) was 86.7%. Also there was high degree of coalition to the level of species and subspecies. In this study we suggested that Vitek 2 system is the best methods to detect biotyping of pathogenic microorganism before studying phylogenetic analysis of microorganisms.
Corporate Social Responsibility in Challenging and Non-Enabling Contexts: Do institutional voids matter? Abstract The extant literature on comparative Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) often assumes

The extant literature on comparative Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) often assumes functioning and enabling institutional arrangements, such as strong government, market, and civil society, as a necessary condition for responsible business practices. Setting aside this dominant assumption, and drawing insights from a case study of Fidelity Bank, Nigeria, we explore why and how firms still pursue and enact responsible business practices in what could be described as challenging and non-enabling institutional contexts for CSR. Our findings suggest that responsible business practices in such contexts are often anchored on some CSR adaptive mechanisms. These mechanisms uniquely complement themselves and inform CSR strategies. The CSR adaptive mechanisms and strategies, in combination and in complementarity, then act as an institutional buffer (i.e. ‘institutional immunity’), which enables firms to successfully engage in responsible practices irrespective of their weak institutional settings. We leverage this understanding to contribute to CSR in developing economies, often characterised by challenging and non-enabling institutional contexts. The research, policy and practice implications are also discussed. Paper Type: Research paper
Electron beam irradiation method to change polypropylene application: Rheology and thermo- mechanical properties

Irradiation of polymers is one of the most effective and economical methods for modifying their properties and for changing their applications. In this study, an extrusion grade polypropylene (PP) was treated by electron beam irradiation to produce a PP suitable for injection molding. Irradiation was carried out at different doses (0-80 kGy) under atmosphere air and at ambient temperature. Melt flow index (MFI) measurements showed PP samples irradiated in the range of 10 to 40 kGy are suitable to use in injection molding. Electron beam irradiation decreased the viscosity and the shear thinning rheological behavior of PP. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed that electron beam irradiation increased the crystallinity percentage and temperature of PP, but decreased the melting temperature. Among all treated samples, the PP20, irradiated at the dose of 20 kGy, showed the highest impact resistance. It had higher Young’s modulus and tensile strength, but lower elongation-at-break in comparison with untreated PP. Polyolefins J (2019) 6: 53-61
Signatures of the 1976–1977 Regime Shift in the North Pacific Revealed by Statistical Analysis

Regime shifts are abrupt changes in an ecosystem that may propagate through multiple trophic levels and have pronounced effects on the biotic and abiotic environment, potentially resulting in ecosystem reorganization. There are multiple mechanisms that could cause such abrupt events including natural and anthropogenic factors. In the North Pacific a major shift in the physics of the system, including a sudden increase in sea surface temperature, was reported in 1977 with a prominent biological response in the lower trophic levels and subsequent effects on the fisheries and economy of the region. Here we investigate the statistics of physical processes that could have triggered and maintained the late 1970’s shift. The hypothesis of an extreme sea level pressure event abruptly changing the oceanic conditions in winter 1976-1977, which was maintained by long-term changes in air-sea interaction processes, is tested. Using a novel statistical and dynamical approach, we show the occurrence of an extreme atmospheric event, specifically a persistent Aleutian Low during winter 1976-77, which constitutes a substantial part of the triggering mechanism of the regime shift. Subsequent sudden changes in the net heat flux occurred in the western North Pacific, particularly in the Kuroshio Extension region, which contributed to the maintenance of the new regime.
The Community Food Centre: Creating Space for a Just, Sustainable, and Healthy Food System

Alternative food initiatives have been challenged by critics to address the long-term, structural challenges confronting the food system in an integrated and comprehensive way. Confronting these challenges requires dynamic, multilevel and multisectoral strategies that integrate antipoverty efforts, ecological sustainability, food, wellness and community building throughout all aspects of the food system. Moving initiatives beyond the margins can begin by identifying and building on the successes of existing projects. In this pursuit, this paper articulates the case of The Stop Community Food Centre as it has evolved from a food bank offering emergency relief into a thriving neighborhood hub where people come together to grow, cook, and share food, and where people advocate for measures to establish a more just, sustainable, and healthy food system for all.
A METHOD FOR FORECASTING POPULATION CHANGES IN ALPINE, SEMI-ALPINE AND LOWLAND COMMUNITIES OF EPIRUS REGION IN GREECE

The prediction to the extent possible of the future size of the population of a region and its distribution among the settlements of the region is evidently significant for regional planning. In this paper, deriving data from population censuses, we attempted to predict the population of alpine, semi-alpine and lowland settlements of the Epirus Region. To perform the prediction, we applied a modified version of the shift and share method. In addition to applying the method, we evaluated its predictive ability in relation to a) the fixed share method, b) the fixed magnifications share method and c) the classical shift and share method, suggesting the relevant statistical tests.
On the regularity of lumped nonlinear dynamics in Banach spaces

We study the regularity properties of the lumping problem for differential equations in Banach spaces, namely the projection of dynamics by a reduction operator onto a reduced state space in which a self-contained dynamical description exists. We study dynamics generated by a nonlinear operator F and a linear and bounded reduction operator M . We first show, using quotient space methods, that the reduced operator is C, provided that F itself is C in the original state space. We further prove that a particular lumping relation holds between the Frechet differentials of F and the reduced operator. In this way, by smoothness, the linearization principle applies and it is possible to use results from linear theory to study the local behavior of the system.
Evidence on the Determinants of the Choice between Wage Posting and Wage Bargaining

Some workers bargain with prospective employers before accepting a job. Others face a posted wage as a take-it-or-leave-it opportunity. Theories of wage formation point to substantial differences in labor-market equilibrium between bargained and posted wages. We surveyed a representative sample of U.S. workers to inquire about the wage determination process at the time they were hired into their current or most recent jobs. A third of the respondents reported bargaining over pay before accepting their current jobs. About a third of workers had precise information about pay when they first met with their employers, a sign of wage posting. About 40 percent of workers could have remained on their earlier jobs at the time they accepted their current jobs, indicating a more favorable bargaining position than is held by unemployed job-seekers. Our analysis of the distribution of wages shows that wage dispersion is higher among workers who bargained for their wages. Wages are higher among bargainers than non-bargainers, after adjusting for the differing compositions of the groups. Our results on wages give substantial support to the job-ladder model--workers who had the option to remain at their earlier jobs when they took their current jobs can earn higher wages than those without that option.
Age, growth and maturity of the roundel skate, Raja texana, from the Gulf of Mexico, USA

The roundel skate (Raja texana) inhabits near-shore waters throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Despite such a wide distribution, very little is known about its biology. In order to gain insight into the life history of this species, the age, growth and maturity of 231 skates ranging in size from 277 to 630-mm total length (TL) were examined. Based on vertebral band counts, the oldest age estimates obtained were 8 years for males and 9 for females, which corresponded to 495-mm TL and 630-mm TL respectively. Age-bias plots and coefficient of variation suggested that our ageing method represents a non-biased and precise approach to age assessment. Marginal increment and edge analyses suggested that growth bands are formed annually with a distinct trend of increasing growth at the beginning of March. Back calculations suggested a birth size of 113-118-mm TL. Observed and back-calculated length-at-age data were used to assess growth with four different models, including the von Bertalanffy (VBGM), von Bertalanffy with size at birth (VB with L0), Gompertz and Francis models. Male and female growth was significantly different. The VBGM and the Francis model produced similar results and provided the best fit. Curves fitted with observed and back-calculated data suggested slightly faster growth than curves fitted with only observed data. Maturity occurred at 444-mm TL and 4.95 years for males, whereas females matured at 537-mm TL and 5.8 years.
An investigation into the development and patterning of dorsal longitudinal ascending interneurons in Danio rerio.

1 Declaration . 3 Introduction . 4 1. Zebrafish as a model system . 5 2. The spadetail mutation. 6 3. The tbx16 gene is mutated in spadetail embryos . 7 4. The T-box gene family . 8 5. T-box genes are important during development. 9 6. Expression of tbx16 in the central nervous system . 11 7. How to build a spinal cord . 12 7a. Gross morphogenetic movements as the tail extends . 12 Figure 1. Schema of vertebrate spinal cord structure . 13 7b. Patterning the dorsoventral axis . 14 7c. Patterning the rostrocaudal axis. 14 8. Zebrafish spinal cord neurons . 16 Figure 2. Identified interneurons in the embryonic zebrafish spinal cord. 18 9. DoLA neurons . 19 10. Spatial analysis of geometric distributions . 20 11. Generating transgenic animals for investigation of DoLA interneurons . 21 Summary of papers and continuity. 23 Paper I . 26 Paper II . 4 Supplementary material. 5 Paper III . 6 Supplementary material. 8 Paper IV. 8 Discussion . 10 1. Mechanism 1. 10 2. Mechanism 2. 10 3. Mechanism 3. 1 0 4. A model for the mechanism underlying DoLA cell contralateral correlation . 11 Figure 3. A model for the mechanism underlying DoLA cell contralateral correlation11 5. Future directions. 11 6. The creation of a new tbx16:GFP transgenic line . 11 Bibliography. 11
Some Asymptotics for Localized Principal Components and Curves

The asymptotic behavior of localized principal components applying kernels as weights is investigated. In particular, we show that the first-order approximation of the first localized principal component at any given point only depends on the bandwidth parameter(s) and the density at that point. This result is extended to the context of local principal curves, where the characteristics of the points at which the curve stops at the edges are identified. This is used to provide a method which allows the curve to proceed beyond its natural endpoint if desired.