Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased Fluid Flow Activity in Shallow Sediments at the 3 km Long Hugin Fracture in the Central North Sea

The North Sea hosts a wide variety of seafloor seeps that may be important for transfer of chemical species, such as methane, from the Earth's interior to its exterior. Here we provide geochemical and geophysical evidence for fluid flow within shallow sediments at the recently discovered, 3 km long Hugin Fracture in the Central North Sea. Although venting of gas bubbles was not observed, concentrations of dissolved methane were significantly elevated (up to six‐times background values) in the water column at various locations above the fracture, and microbial mats that form in the presence of methane were observed at the seafloor. Seismic amplitude anomalies revealed a bright spot at a fault bend that may be the source of the water column methane. Sediment porewaters recovered in close proximity to the Hugin Fracture indicate the presence of fluids from two different shallow (<550 m) sources: (i) a reduced fluid characterized by elevated methane concentrations and/or high levels of dissolved sulfide (up to 6 mmol L−1), and (ii) a low‐chlorinity fluid (Cl ∼305 mmol L−1) that has low levels of dissolved methane and/or sulfide. The area of the seafloor affected by the presence of methane‐enriched fluids is similar to the footprint of seepage from other morphological features in the North Sea.
Simulation of acoustic product properties in virtual environments based on artificial neural networks (ANN)

Acoustic product properties are playing an increasingly important role for product developers and designers. At the one hand the sound of a product has influence on the buying behavior of customers and on the other hand manufacturers have to meet many regulations and standards regarding the sound emissions of their products. Limits for these sound emissions are defined in order to protect humans and the animal world from noise pollution. The paper deals with a concept for acoustic simulation in virtual environments so that the acoustic properties of products can be studied. The concept is based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) which are applicable for many different tasks. With help of the virtual acoustic simulation the acoustic behavior of products or of individual product components can be validated during the whole product development process. In this way, noise pollution can be reduced and a higher compatibility with human health and environment can be reached.
Galois representations from pre-image trees: an arboreal survey

Given a global field K and a rational function phi defined over K, one may take pre-images of 0 under successive iterates of phi, and thus obtain an infinite rooted tree T by assigning edges according to the action of phi. The absolute Galois group of K acts on T by tree automorphisms, giving a subgroup G(phi) of the group Aut(T) of all tree automorphisms. Beginning in the 1980s with work of Odoni, and developing especially over the past decade, a significant body of work has emerged on the size and structure of this Galois representation. These inquiries arose in part because knowledge of G(phi) allows one to prove density results on the set of primes of K that divide at least one element of a given orbit of phi. Following an overview of the history of the subject and two of its fundamental questions, we survey cases where G(phi) is known to have finite index in Aut(T). While it is tempting to conjecture that such behavior should hold in general, we exhibit four classes of rational functions where it does not, illustrating the difficulties in formulating the proper conjecture. Fortunately, one can achieve the aforementioned density results with comparatively little information about G(phi), thanks in part to a surprising application of probability theory. Underlying all of this analysis are results on the factorization into irreducibles of the numerators of iterates of phi, which we survey briefly. We find that for each of these matters, the arithmetic of the forward orbits of the critical points of phi proves decisive, just as the topology of these orbits is decisive in complex dynamics.
Effects of expander processing and enzyme supplementation of wheat-based diets for finishing pigs

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of expander processing and enzyme supplementation of wheat-based diets on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in finishing pigs. For Exp. 1, 60 finishing pigs (average initial BW of 49.5 kg) were fed meal, standard pellets and expanded pellets in a 70 d growth assay. From 49.5 to 79.0 kg, 79.0 to 111.8 kg, and overall (49.5 to 111.8 kg), ADG and ADFI were not affected by pelleting or standard vs expander conditioning (p>0.22). However, from 49.5 to 79.0 kg, pigs fed pellets have greater gain/feed than pigs fed mash (p<0.04), and pigs fed expanded pellets tended to have greater (p<0.10) gain/feed than pigs fed standard pellets. Overall (i.e. from 49.5 to 111.8 kg), gain/feed (p<0.02) and apparent fecal digestibilities of DM (p<0.001) and N (p<0.02) were improved by pelleting the diets. Also, expander processing further improved gain/feed (p<0.06) and digestibility of DM (p<0.04) compared to standard steam conditioning. Scores for keratinization (p<0.002) and ulceration (p<0.003) of the stomach were increased by pelleting, but the mean scores for the various treatments ranged only from 0.05 to 1.08 (i.e., low to mild keratosis and ulceration). For Exp. 2, 80 pigs (average initial BW of 54.1 kg) were fed mash and pellets (standard or expander) without and with xylanase. The enzyme was added to supply 4,000 units of xylanase activity/kg of diet. Adding xylanase to the mash diet improved gain/feed from 90.7 to 115.9 kg (p<0.04) of the growth assay and digestibility of DM (p<0.05) on d 39. However, in pelleted diets, adding the enzyme did not improve growth performance or digestibility of nutrients. Pelleting tended to increase scores for ulceration (p<0.06), and enzyme supplementation decreased stomach keratinization scores for pigs fed the standard pellets (p<0.01). However, as in Exp. 1, the mean scores for all treatment groups were quiet low (i.e., ranging from normal to mild). In conclusion, pelleting improved efficiency of growth, but additional benefits from expander conditioning were observed only in Exp. 1. Finally, xylanase tended to improve growth performance and nutrient digestibility, only in pigs fed mash diets but not in pigs fed pellets. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. Vol 16, No. 2 : 248-256)
SWITCHED ETHERNET RESPONSE TIME EVALUATION VIA COLORED PETRI NET MODEL

The enterprise class model of switched LAN in the form of a colored Petri net is represented. The components of the model are submodels of switch, server and workstation. For the evaluation of network response time a special measuring workstation model is proposed. It counts response times for each request and calculates the average response time. For the simulation of network behavior and accumulation of statistical information, CPN Tools was applied. Hierarchical nets usage allows the convenient representation of an arbitrary given structure of LAN. The influence of such features as limitations of switch's buffer size and dynamic maintenance of switching table were estimated.
Multiwavelength study of 20 jets that emanate from the periphery of active regions

Aims. We present a multiwavelength analysis of 20 EUV jets which occurred at the periphery of active regions close to sunspots. We discuss the physical parameters of the jets and their relation with other phenomena such as H α surges, nonthermal type-III radio bursts and hard X-ray (HXR) emission. Methods. These jets were observed between August 2010 and June 2013 by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instrument that is onboard the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO). We selected events that were observed on the solar disk within +/–60° latitude. Using AIA wavelength channels that are sensitive to coronal temperatures, we studied the temperature distribution in the jets using the line of sight (LOS) differential emission measure (DEM) technique. We also investigated the role of the photospheric magnetic field using the LOS magnetogram data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard SDO. Results. It has been observed that most of the jets originated from the western periphery of active regions. Their lifetimes range from 5 to 39 min with an average of 18 min and their velocities range from 87 to 532 km s -1 with an average of 271 km s -1 . All the jets are co-temporally associated with H α surges. Most of the jets are co-temporal with nonthermal type-III radio bursts observed by the Wind/WAVES spacecraft in the frequency range from 20 kHz to 13 MHz. We confirm the source region of these bursts using the potential field source surface (PFSS) technique. Using Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) observations, we found that half of the jets produced HXR emission and they often shared the same source region as the HXR emission (6−12 keV). Ten out of 20 events showed that the jets originated in a region of flux cancellation and six jets in a region of flux emergence. Four events showed flux emergence and then cancellation during the jet evolution. DEM analyses showed that for most of the spires of the jets, the DEM peaked at around log T [K] = 6.2/6.3 (~2 MK). In addition, we derived an emission measure and a lower limit of electron density at the location of the spire (jet 1: log EM = 28.6, N e = 1.3 × 10 10 cm -3 ; jet 2: log EM = 28.0, N e = 8.6 × 10 9 cm -3 ) and the footpoint (jet 1 – log EM = 28.6, N e = 1.1 × 10 10 cm -3 ; jet 2: log EM = 28.1, N e = 8.4 × 10 9 cm -3 ). These results are in agreement with those obtained earlier by studying individual active region jets. Conclusions. The observation of flux cancellation, the association with HXR emission and emission of nonthermal type-III radio bursts, suggest that the initiation and therefore, heating is taking place at the base of the jet. This is also supported by the high temperature plasma revealed by the DEM analysis in the jet footpoint (peak in the DEM at log T [K] = 6.5). Our results provide substantial constraints for theoretical modeling of the jets and their thermodynamic nature.
A Comparative Study of Replication Schemes for Structured P2P Networks

Abstract —Structured Peer to Peer (P2P) networks provide efﬁ-cient mechanisms for resource placement and lookup. However,these systems deal with irregular and frequent arrival/departureof nodes. Thus, these systems do not offer any guarantees aboutdata availability. A well-known technique for improving resourcesavailability and providing load balancing is replication. Manyreplication methods are proposed for structured P2P networks,with a speciﬁc main goal to achieve. This paper reviews andcompares various existing replication techniques for structuredP2P networks, which we classify based on their main objectives. Keywords – Structured Peer-to-Peer; Replication; DHT; Avail-ability; Load balancing; Performance; Churn. I. I NTRODUCTION Since 1999, P2P networks have been in continuous de-velopment. P2P networks are overlay distributed networkscomposed of a large number of autonomous nodes, i.e., virtualnetworks which may be totally unrelated to the physicalnetwork that connects the different nodes. These nodes, calledpeers, share a part of their own resources such as storagecapacity, ﬁles and processing power. They play the role of bothclient and server. Communications between peers are direct,without passing intermediary entities.Napster [1], a popular music exchange system, was the ﬁrstto emerge as a P2P ﬁle sharing application. After that, severalﬁle-sharing software have succeeded, we quote: Gnutella [2],KaZaA [3], BitTorrent [4], Oceanstore [5], and PAST [6]. P2P networks can be classiﬁed as unstructured and struc-tured, depending on the overlay structures. Unstructured P2Psystems do not impose any structure on the overlay networkand usually use ﬂooding for searching objects. This methodis expensive in terms of bandwidth consumption and is notefﬁcient for locating unpopular ﬁles. Structured P2P systems,in the other hand, impose particular structures on the overlaynetworks (which are commonly referred to as DistributedHash Tables (DHTs)). Any ﬁle can be located in a smallnumber of overlay hops, which signiﬁcantly reduces the searchcost as compared to unstructured systems. Unfortunately, ifconnection/disconnection frequency is too high, data may belost. To deal with these problems, the replication can be usedas the efﬁcient technique to improve resources availability andto provide load balancing enhance.Many replication methods are proposed for structured P2Pnetworks, with a speciﬁc main goal to achieve. Ktari et al.[7] have presented a comparative analysis of some replicationalgorithms for DHT architectures. Our paper’s prime objectivesare to:
Quantitative valuation of platform technology based intangibles companies

In the course of raising external equity, e.g. from venture capitalists, a quantitative valuation is usually required for entrepreneurial ventures. This paper examines the challenges of quantitatively valuing platform technology based entrepreneurial ventures. The distinct characteristics of such companies pose specific requirements on the applicability of quantitative valuation methods. The entrepreneur can choose from a wide range of potential commercialization strategies to pursue in the course of company development which is difficult to take account of in a quantitative valuation. By developing and applying a systematic map of valuation requirements in this context, we analyze whether the cost, market or income approach is suitable for platform technology based entrepreneurial ventures. We argue that all three valuation methods have drawbacks. Yet, the income approach fulfills most of the requirements and, therefore, is considered to be more suitable for the entrepreneur as well as external equity providers than other quantitative valuation methods.
Ribosomal Encoded Bacteriocins: Their Functional Insight and Applications

Ribosomal encoded bacteriocins (25-80 kDa) are the secretory proteins which inhibit the growth of closely related bacteria. Their transcriptions are regulated under different environmental conditions and have different modes of action which includes non specific DNase activity, specific RNase activity, pore forming and inhibition of murein synthesis in bacteria. In this article we have summarized the genetic organization, regulation, structural organization, reception and functional activities of ribosomal encoded bacteriocins only and does not discuss peptide bacteriocins and microcins (<10 kDa). In the end of article practical applications of these bacteriocins has been described such as potential antitumor agent of their catalytic domain, biosensor for genotoxicity by exploiting their promoters and their effectiveness against HIV infection.
Design of Serial Communication in Special Circumstances

In recent decades, MCUs employing serial communication have been widely used in instrumentation industry. Many MCU systems need to disable interrupt when it operating some special function with its peripherals. On the other hand, they won’t want to lose any communication data with host computer or other MCUs. A method namely “Starting by Interrupt, Receiving in Query mode” (SIRQ) is proposed to make the MCU system fulfil the stringent timing requirements by its peripherals while remaining stable communication with the host computers. The implementation method, flowchart and part of source code are presented. This method has been verified and proved to be simple and robust in some real products. Index Terms MCU, Serial Communication, Interrupt
The Dynamic Linkages between Exchange Rates and Stock Prices: Evidence from Emerging Markets

This paper investigates the dynamic relationship between stock prices and exchange rates for nine emerging markets using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and causality models from January 1998 to May 2014. The sample period subdivided in to two episodes to take in to account the interaction of these series during the tranquil and crisis periods. The findings indicates that the comovement between exchange rates and stock prices become stronger during the crises time, and the direction of causality originates from stock prices to exchange rates during the tranquil period; and from exchange rates to stock prices during crisis once. The result shows certain sensitivity to the level of stability in financial markets.
Evaluation of Logistics Centres Establishment: External and Internal Factors

One of the most important research objects in comprehensive theories of strategic management for theoreticians and representatives of logistics is making appropriate competitive strategic decisions and achieving a competitive advantage in dynamic and uncertain business environment. The aim of the topic is to create the conceptual model of evaluation of logistics centres establishment, which allows complex assessment of external and internal factors of competition of logistics centres. The proposed conceptual model of evaluation of logistics centres establishment consists of three main stages: identification of external and internal factors of logistics centre establishment; assessment of external and internal factors; estimation of external and internal factors. Different research methods were applied to reach the aim of the topic: analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis, systems analysis, methods of conceptual synthesis, multiple criteria assessment, and expert evaluation.
Evaluation of high order smooth filter in large eddy simulation of fully developed turbulent channel flow with explicit filtering

Explicit filtering with a smooth shape is one of approaches adopted in large eddy simulations (LES). The present work investigates the application of an explicit high order smooth (HOS) filter for the LES of a fully developed turbulent channel flow. The Crank-Nicolson scheme for time marching and second-order finite-volume schemes for spatial derivatives were implemented in this investigation. Implicit filtering, together with the Smagorinsky sub-grid scale (SGS) model, and explicit filtering, along with a HOS filter were studied in a fully turbulent channel flow. In this study, explicit HOS filtering with an explicit filter width to grid size ratio of 2.0 was in agreement with the available direct numerical simulation (DNS) data. However, the mean velocity profile in the streamwise direction was underestimated, and the turbulence intensity in the streamwise direction improved compared to other directions. Moreover, turbulence stresses were well predicted using the mixed SGS and sub-filter stress (SFS) models and applying the HOS filter as an explicit filter.
Returns to Childbirth Technologies: Evidence from Preterm Births

We investigate the impact of obstetrician supervision, as opposed to midwife supervision, on the short-term health of low-risk newborns. We exploit a unique policy rule in the Netherlands that creates a large discontinuity in the probability of a low-risk birth being attended by an obstetrician at gestational week 37. Using a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, we consistently find no health benefits from obstetrician supervision, despite increased rates of neonatal intensive care unit admissions among births supervised by obstetricians. These results indicate potential cost savings from increased use of midwifery care for low-risk deliveries.
REMITTANCES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH : AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN THE CASE OF FORMER SOVIET REPUBLICS

Over the last decade, an international inflow of remittances throughout the world has increased significantly, becoming the second largest source of foreign financial receipts. It is generally accepted that migrants’ transfers have the potential to benefit recipient countries. The empirical evidence of earlier studies provides controversial conclusions; the literature did not give special attention to the case of the the postSoviet region. This may be related to the fact that countries of the former Soviet Union did not use to record the relevant data on remittances in their balances of payments. The purpose of this paper is to investigate empirically the role of remittances in economic growth in former Soviet republics for the period of 2002 through 2010, using a panel data set. Our analysis will cover eleven countries, excluding those that do not report data on remittances and Russia. The key finding of the paper reveals that migrants’ transfers do not directly facilitate output growth in former Soviet republics. Migrants act as altruistic individuals and their financial relations with those who remain in places of origin occur under asymmetric information. We admit the fact that our analysis is based upon the official data on remittances that are recorded in countries’ balances of payment. We do not take into consideration unrecorded and informal inflows, which may account for about half of all remittances sent to migrant-sending nations worldwide, and the post-Soviet region is not an exception. _______________________________________________________________________________________
Proposal for accreditation procedure to support the development of skills and competencies in globalized engineering world

In this paper we describe the proposal for accreditation of one important subject in engineering, namely Control Systems. The described procedure could be applied in the frame of LLL and also in classical engineering education systems, such as university and college education, in order to harmonize the recognition of engineering degrees in Europe and outside the Europe. We state the necessary outcomes in the subject of Control Systems in engineering at the Bachelor level and the process to test the qualifications. This procedure is based on The European Qualifications Framework for Lifelong Learning (EQF) , based on the existing bibliography and on the educational experiences of the authors of this article. The objective of this work is to propose an alternative approach, compared with the classic one (university or college educational systems), to detect and certificate knowledge, skills and competencies, which are necessary for candidates applying for accreditation or certification as Bachelor of Electrical Engineering through LLL-system (Life Long Learning). This proposal has been developed under the work of the ELLEIEC ERASMUS thematic network 1 (Enhancing Lifelong Learning in Electrical and Information Engineering), where the consortium composed of 60 European universities worked together on the ELLEIEC-project.
The Spanish intonation of speakers of a Basque pitch-accent dialect

In this paper the main aspects of the intonation of broad focus declaratives in Lekeitio Spanish are described and analyzed. In this variety, accents are realized as pitch rises rather than falls, similarly to Standard Peninsular Spanish and unlike in Lekeitio Basque, the other native language of these speakers. Accentual valleys are aligned before the onset of the stressed syllable, except in final position in the utterance. Accentual peaks are aligned before the offset of the accented syllable, with an earlier alignment in accents in the object phrase. At the end of the subject phrase, peaks display later alignment. The number of unstressed syllables intervening between accents seems to affect F0 valley and peak alignment for certain positions. For non-object positions, F0 valleys align earlier as more unstressed syllables intervene between accents, and for the final position in the subject, F0 peaks align later as more unstressed syllables intervene between accents.