Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structure of Bis[1-methoxy-2,2,2-tris-(pyrazol-1-yl-κN2)ethane]-copper(II) Bis-perchlorate

Bis[1-methoxy-2,2,2-tris-(pyrazol-1-yl-κN)ethane]-copper(II) bis-perchlorate (2) was synthesized by reacting of pyrazole based tripodal scorpionate ligand 1-methoxy-2,2,2-tris(pyrazol-1-yl)ethane (1) with copper(II) perchlorate hexahydrate in methanol, acetonitrile and water mixture as solvent. Slow evaporation of the filtered reaction mixture in air produced blue color block crystals suitable for single crystal X-ray diffraction study of the title complex. Compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with unit cell parameters, a = 8.1269(1) Ả, b = 21.8348(2)Ả, c = 9.1522(1) Å, α = γ = 90o, β = 99.7611(4)o. The structure of the compound was characterized by IR Spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
On the Denjoy rank, the Kechris-Woodin rank and the Zalcwasser rank

We show that the Denjoy rank and the Zalcwasser rank are in-comparable. We construct for any countable ordinal α diﬀerentiable functions f and g such that the Zalcwasser rank and the Kechris-Woodin rank of f are α + 1 but the Denjoy rank of f is 2 and the Denjoy rank and the Kechris-Woodin rank of g are α + 1 but the Zalcwasser rank of g is 1. We then derive a theorem that shows the surprising behavior of the Denjoy rank, the Kechris-Woodin rank and the Zalcwasser rank.
Consequence-Based Reasoning for Description Logics with Disjunctions and Number Restrictions

Classification of description logic (DL) ontologies is a key computational problem in modern data management applications, so considerable effort has been devoted to the development and optimisation of practical reasoning calculi. Consequence-based calculi combine ideas from hypertableau and resolution in a way that has proved very effective in practice. However, existing consequence-based calculi can handle either Horn DLs (which do not support disjunction) or DLs without number restrictions. In this paper, we overcome this important limitation and present the first consequence-based calculus for deciding concept subsumption in the DL ALCHIQ+. Our calculus runs in exponential time assuming unary coding of numbers, and on ELH ontologies it runs in polynomial time. The extension to disjunctions and number restrictions is technically involved: we capture the relevant consequences using first-order clauses, and our inference rules adapt paramodulation techniques from first-order theorem proving. By using a well-known preprocessing step, the calculus can also decide concept subsumptions in SRIQ---a rich DL that covers all features of OWL 2 DL apart from nominals and datatypes. We have implemented our calculus in a new reasoner called Sequoia. We present the architecture of our reasoner and discuss several novel and important implementation techniques such as clause indexing and redundancy elimination. Finally, we present the results of an extensive performance evaluation, which revealed Sequoia to be competitive with existing reasoners. Thus, the calculus and the techniques we present in this paper provide an important addition to the repertoire of practical implementation techniques for description logic reasoning.
Phylogeny and diversification of Chinese Araliaceae based on nuclear and plastid DNA sequences data Running title : phylogeny and diversification of Chinese Araliaceae 1

Chinese Araliaceae consist of 20 genera and 173 species. To assess the evolutionary relationships of Araliaceae and their biogeographic diversification in China, the phylogeny of Chinese Araliaceae was constructed by sampling 96 accessions representing 20 genera and 50 species of Chinese Araliaceae and 45 closely related taxa using sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and six plastid regions (the ndhF gene, the trnL-trnF region, the rps16 intron, the atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer, the rpl16 intron, and the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer). Phylogenetic analyses of the combined plastid and ITS data supported the results of the previously studies that the Chinese members of Araliacae were scattered within the Asian Palmate group and the Aralia-Panax group with Osmoxylon at the base of core Araliaceae. The generic status of Pentapanax and Tupidanthus is not supported. Our analysis clearly places them in Aralia and Asian Schefflera, respectively. In a broader phylogenetic framework of Araliaceae, based on the fossil-calibrated Bayesian dating, Chinese Araliaceae was inferred to have originated in Asia and underwent a rapid radiation in its evolutionary history. Its diversification is hypothesized to have been driven largely by the orogenies in Asia during the Cenozoic.
Ag eometric probability property and consequences on asymptotic properties of a matching estimator

This article concerns the limit properties of the "bi-level matching" estimator introduced by D´iaz, Rau & Rivera (Forthcoming). Under usual conditions widely employed in the program evaluation literature, we show the conditional bias of that estimator is O(N 2/k ), with k 2 N the dimension of covariates.
Generalized partial linear models with unknown link and unknown baseline functions for longitudinal data

In this paper we develop a generalized partial linear model for longitudinal data. In the model, we allow the link and baseline functions to be unknown. We explicitly express the estimators of regression parameters and the baseline function; hence, the computation and programming of our estimators are simple. We show that the proposed estimators of regression parameters and the baseline function are asymptotically normal with a simple variance estimator for the baseline function. In simulation studies, we demonstrate that the proposed nonparametric method is robust with limited loss of efficiency.
The Analysis of the Impact of Information Technology and Social Capital on Entrepreneurial Orientation in Iran Pharmaceutical Industry (Case Study: Alborz Drug Company)

One of the main branches of entrepreneurship is entrepreneurial orientation as it certainly plays an important role in the success and growth of the organizations. Entrepreneurial orientation is rooted in adopting a strategy. Many organizational policies which are formulated for the development of entrepreneurship are associated with information and communication technologies, in the other hand, from the perspective of social scientists; entrepreneurship is a process that locates the network of social relations. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of information technology and social capital on entrepreneurial orientation. The study is applied and its method is Descriptive-correlation. The study population consisted of 326 employees at ALBORZ drug corporate. A study sample of 177 subjects was selected through application of Cochran formula at random. The three questionnaires (information technology, social capital and entrepreneurial orientation) Was used for data collection. The Validity (content, convergent, divergent) and Reliability (Loadings factors, composite reliability coefficient, Cronbach's alpha coefficient) of questionnaires showed that measurement tools have very good reliability and validity. Test results of the variable by applying SMART-PLS software and using of T- test statistic and the path coefficients (β) showed that Information Technology has a strong direct and significant effect on social capital; while social capital has a direct and significant weak effect on entrepreneurial orientation. Moreover, Information technology has a strong direct, indirect and significant effect on entrepreneurial orientation. This means that while social capital has the mediator role in relationship between information technology and entrepreneurial orientation information technology as a moderator variable increases the positive impact of social capital on entrepreneurial orientation.
Hedonic Price-Rent Ratios, User Cost, and Departures from Equilibrium in the Housing Market

Departures from equilibrium in the housing market can be detected by comparing the actual price–rent ratio with the price–rent ratio derived from the user cost equilibrium condition. The equilibrium price–rent ratio, however, assumes that the sold and rented dwellings being compared are of equal quality, which is typically not the case. Using hedonic methods applied to prices and rents for 730,000 houses in Sydney, Australia, we find that quality-adjusting reduces the actual price–rent ratio by on average 18%. Failure to make such a correction therefore will seriously bias the results towards a finding that the price–rent ratio is above its equilibrium level. We also explore ways of imputing the expected capital gain – a key input into the equilibrium price–rent ratio formula, and show that price–rent ratios (both actual and equilibrium) vary in systematic ways over the housing distribution. This latter result implies that it is not enough to simply focus on the median, as different results may pertain for other quantiles.
Looking for the impact of peer review : does count of funding acknowledgements really predict research impact ?

A small number of studies have sought to establish that research papers with more funding acknowledgements achieve higher impact and have claimed that such a link exists because research supported by more funding bodies undergoes more peerreview. In this paper, a test of this link is made using recently available data from the Web of Science, a source of bibliographic data that now includes funding acknowledgements. The analysis uses 3596 papers from a single year, 2009, and a single journal, the Journal of Biological Chemistry. Analysis of this data using OLS regression and two ranks tests reveals the link between count of funding acknowledgements and high impact papers to be statistically significant, but weak. It is concluded that count of funding acknowledgements should not be considered a reliable indicator of research impact at this level. Relatedly, indicators based on assumptions that may hold true at one level of analysis may not be appropriate at other levels.
Silver-epoxy microwave filters and thermalizers for millikelvin experiments

We present silver-epoxy filters combining excellent microwave attenuation with efficient wire thermalization, suitable for low temperature quantum transport experiments. Upon minimizing parasitic capacitances, the attenuation reaches ≥100 dB above ≈150 MHz and—when capacitors are added—already above ≈30 MHz. We measure the device electron temperature with a GaAs quantum dot and demonstrate excellent filter performance. Upon improving the sample holder and adding a second filtering stage, we obtain electron temperatures as low as 7.5 ± 0.2 mK in metallic Coulomb blockade thermometers.
ORIENTATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF CLOSE-RANGE IMAGES USING LINES

The aim of this paper is to present two problems where straight lines were used as the primary source of control. The first problem is the orientation of images using vertical and horizontal lines for flat surface monoplotting. A mathematical model has been adapted to generate linear equations both for vertical and horizontal lines in the object space. These lines are identified and measured in the image and the rotation matrix is computed. In order to compute image scale and coordinates over the flat surface, a distance between the camera and the surface is measured using a laser device. Using these elements, the geometric elements of the flat surface, mainly areas and lengths can be accurately computed. Some experiments with real data have been performed and the results were obtained with errors within 3%. The second problem is the camera calibration both of the interior and exterior orientation parameters using straight lines. A mathematical model using straight lines that consider both interior and exterior orientation parameters as unknowns has been derived. This model is being designed to enable camera self calibration on the fly, with no control points. Straight lines that are already in the environment are to be used as control. The inner parameters being considered are the camera focal length, the coordinates of the principal point and the x-scale factor. The radial lens distortion parameters are supposed to be previously known, because they are stable and well determined with batch calibration.
Environmental Distinctions between Cellular and Slabular Convective Lines

Abstract The organizational mode of quasi-linear convective systems often falls within a spectrum of modes described by a line of discrete cells on one end (“cellular”) and an unbroken two-dimensional swath of ascent on the other (“slabular”). Convective events exhibiting distinctly cellular or slabular characteristics over the continental United States were compiled, and composite soundings of the respective inflow environments were constructed. The most notable difference between the environments of slabs and cells occurred in the wind profiles; lines organized as slabs existed in much stronger low-level line-relative inflow and stronger low-level shear. A compressible model with high resolution (Δx = 500 m) was used to investigate the effects of varying environmental conditions on the nature of the convective overturning. The numerical results show that highly cellular convective lines are favored when the environmental conditions and initiation procedure allow the convectively generated cold pools to .
Revisiting the security model for aggregate signature schemes

Aggregate signature schemes combine the digital signatures of multiple users on different messages into one single signature. The Boneh-Gentry-Lynn-Shacham (BGLS) aggregate signature scheme is one such scheme, based on pairings, where anyone can aggregate the signatures in any order. We suggest improvements to its current chosen-key security model. In particular, we argue that the scheme should be resistant to attackers that can adaptively choose their target users, and either replace other users’ public keys or expose other users’ private keys. We compare these new types of forgers to the original targeted-user forger, building up to the stronger replacement-and-exposure forger. Finally, we present a security reduction for a variant of the BGLS aggregate signature scheme with respect to this new notion of forgery. Recent attacks by Joux and others on the discrete logarithm problem in small-characteristic finite fields dramatically reduced the security of many type I pairings. Therefore, we explore security reductions for BGLS with type III rather than type I pairings. Although our reductions are specific to BGLS, we believe that other aggregate signature schemes could benefit from similar changes to their security models.
Evolution of the flaring active region NOAA 10540 as a sequence of nonlinear force-free field extrapolations

Context. The solar corona is structured by magnetic fields. As direct measurements of the coronal magnetic field are not routinely available, it is extrapolated from photospheric vector magnetograms. When magnetic flux emerges from below the solar surface and expands into the corona, the coronal magnetic field is destabilized, leading to explosive phenomena like flares or coronal mass ejections. Aims. We study the temporal evolution of the flaring active region NOAA 10540 and are in particular interested in the free magnetic energy available to power the flares associated with it. Methods. We extrapolated photospheric vector magnetograms measured with the Solar Flare Telescope, located in Tokyo, into the corona with the help of a nonlinear force-free field model. This coronal magnetic field model is based on a well-tested multigrid-like optimization code with which we were able to estimate the energy content of the 3D coronal field, as well as an upper limit for its free magnetic energy. Furthermore, the evolution of the energy density with height and time was studied. Results. The coronal magnetic field energy in active region 10540 increases slowly during the three days before an M6.1 flare and drops significantly after it. We estimated the energy that was set free during this event as ∝10 25 J. A sequence of nonlinear force-free extrapolations of the coronal magnetic field shows a build up of magnetic energy before a flare and release of energy during the flare. The drop in magnetic energy of the active region is sufficient to power an M6.1 flare.
Reforming Food Subsidy Schemes: Estimating the Gains from Self-Targeting in India

This paper uses the theoretical framework of the theory of tax reform to analyse whether a "small" change in an existing food subsidy program can be welfare-improving and revenue-neutral. It shows how existing econometric methods can be adapted to estimate demand parameters even when household level data exhibit little price variation because the government controls food prices. The methodology developed here is used to estimate welfare changes from shifting a rupee of subsidy on existing commodities to coarse cereals in the Indian public distribution system.
Determinants of Operational Efficiency and Total Factor Productivity Change of Major Cambodian Financial Institutions : A Data Envelopment Analysis during the Period of 2006-2013

This study is the first attempt to estimate the determinants of the operational efficiency and total factor productivity (TFP) change of major financial institutions in Cambodia during the period 2006 to 2013. The technical efficiency score and the TFP change were measured using conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist index, and these obtained indexes were then regressed to find their determinants. The empirical results obtained reveal that the efficiency of large institutions is higher and more stable than that of small institutions, and the efficiency of domestic institutions is better than that of their foreign counterparts. Furthermore, institutions that are more resilient and operationally stable can generate profits more efficiently, and institutions that are more diversified are more efficient. It was also observed that sound and diversified institutions tend to increase their total factor productivity, and some exogenous factors, such as increased household reserves of financial assets and improved economic infrastructure, contributed to the improvement of productivity change. These observations suggest that further improvement of Cambodian financial institutions requires an increase in operational capacity, appropriate selection of foreign ownership, enhanced soundness of management, and greater diversification. JEL Code: G21
Split-then-Combine Method for out-of-sample Combinations of Forecasts

Relative forecast performance of forecast units may periodically evolve over time. Therefore, it is desirable to take into account their forecast periodicity when forming forecast combinations. When dealing with small samples and small number of models, using panels is an efficient way of pulling out the additional information provided by that periodicity in the data. We capture this periodic information with different weights at different periods that we then keep in the out-of-sample combination. As in the simple average, we do not estimate weights, but instead compute them from panels of forecasts taken as given data. Empirical and bootstrap exercises illustrate the superiority of this method over fixed weight schemes.
A Pseudo-Parallel Genetic Algorithm Integrating Simulated Annealing for Stochastic Location-Inventory-Routing Problem with Consideration of Returns in E-Commerce

Facility location, inventory control, and vehicle routes scheduling are three key issues to be settled in the design of logistics system for e-commerce. Due to the online shopping features of e-commerce, customer returns are becoming much more than traditional commerce. This paper studies a three-phase supply chain distribution system consisting of one supplier, a set of retailers, and a single type of product with continuous review (Q, r) inventory policy. We formulate a stochastic location-inventory-routing problem (LIRP) model with no quality defects returns. To solve the NP-hand problem, a pseudo-parallel genetic algorithm integrating simulated annealing (PPGASA) is proposed. The computational results show that PPGASA outperforms GA on optimal solution, computing time, and computing stability.
VR safari park: a concept-based world building interface using blocks and world tree

We present a concept-based world building approach, realized in a system called VR Safari Park, which allows users to rapidly create and manipulate a world simulation. Conventional world building tools focus on the manipulation and arrangement of entities to set up the simulation, which is time consuming as it requires frequent view and entity manipulations. Our approach focuses on a far simpler mechanic, where users add virtual blocks which represent world entities (e.g. animals, terrain, weather, etc.) to a World Tree, which represents the simulation. In so doing, the World Tree provides a quick overview of the simulation, and users can easily set up scenarios in the simulation without having to manually perform fine-grain manipulations on world entities. A preliminary user study found that the proposed interface is effective and usable for novice users without prior immersive VR experience.
Linear Camera Calibration by Single Image Based on Distortion Correction

In this paper, a linear camera calibration algorithm using one image based on distortion correction is presented. First, this algorithm takes advantage of first-order radial distortion coefficient to correct image primary and then extracts the control points to fit line based on orthogonal distance, getting accurate linear slope. Next, according to the slopes of collinear points, distortion correction index function is established and then all distortions parameters are obtained by optimizing the function using optimization algorithm. Finally, camera can be calibrated linearly with single image that have been corrected based on Zhengyou Zhang algorithm. Distortion parameters, separated from the camera model, do not need to be incorporated into the camera model for multiple repeated calibrations. On the one hand, it solves the problem that Zhengyou Zhang algorithm can not be used in camera systems with a low depth of field. On the other hand, it avoids the instability of solution caused by coupling of distortion parameters, internal parameters and external parameters as well as the complex computations of three LM optimization. A large number of analysis and experiments prove that this algorithm is simple, efficient and has wide application in theory and practice.
Color and depth based image segmentation using a game-theoretic approach

In this thesis a new game theoretic approach to image segmentation is proposed. It is an attempt to give a contribution to a new interesting research area in image processing, which tries to boost image segmentation combining information about appareance (e.g. color) and information about spatial arrangement. The proposed algorithm firstly partition the image into small subsets of pixels, in order to reduce computational complexity of the subsequent phases. Two different distance measures between each pair of pixels subsets are then computed, one regarding color information and one based on spatial-geometric information. A similarity measure between each pair of pixel subset is then computed, exploiting both color and spatial data. Finally, pixels subsets are modeled into an evolutionary game in order to group similar pixels into meaningful segments. After a brief review of image segmentation approaches, the proposed algorithm is described and different experimental tests are carried up to evaluate its segmentation performance