Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two Formats for Eliciting Retrospective Reports of Child Sexual and Physical Abuse: Effects on Apparent Prevalence and Relationships to Adjustment

This study compared two common questionnaire formats for eliciting retrospective child abuse reports. Self-defined formats ask participants whether they were abused, using that term. Researcher-defined formats ask about particular abuse-related events, allowing researchers to specify criteria for identifying abuse histories. Adjustment was measured by self-report inventories of depressive and posttraumatic symptoms and global self-esteem. Participants were 542 college women and men. Significantly less abuse was reported on the self- versus researcher-defined formats. Self-defined abuse was more frequent if participants met criteria for researcher- defined sexual or dual abuse versus physical abuse and if they reported relatively frequent childhood physical violence, severe sexual acts, and marginally, sexual perpetrators who were incestuous. Relationships of adjustment with researcher-defined versus self-defined abuse were stronger, and relationships between adjustment and researcher-defined abuse were independent of self-defined abuse. Discussion addressed methods of eliciting retrospective abuse histories for research and for clinical purposes.
Event-triggered control of vehicle active suspension systems

This paper emphasises on the problem of control of a vehicle active suspension system with parameter uncertainties. The methodology used to address this problem is based on the concept of event-triggered communication. The problem is formulated as a co-design problem to find both controller gain and trigger parameters and is solved using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). To avoid the zeno problem, a condition on lower bound of inter-event time, minimum interevent time (MIET) in the presence of external disturbances is also derived. Finally, to validate the efficacy of the proposed results, a comparison is drawn between sampled-data control and the proposed event-triggered control (ETC).
Differential effectiveness of selected non‐psychotropic phytocannabinoids on human sebocyte functions implicates their introduction in dry/seborrhoeic skin and acne treatment

Acne is a common skin disease characterized by elevated sebum production and inflammation of the sebaceous glands. We have previously shown that a non‐psychotropic phytocannabinoid ((–)‐cannabidiol [CBD]) exerted complex anti‐acne effects by normalizing ‘pro‐acne agents’‐induced excessive sebaceous lipid production, reducing proliferation and alleviating inflammation in human SZ95 sebocytes. Therefore, in this study we aimed to explore the putative anti‐acne effects of further non‐psychotropic phytocannabinoids ((–)‐cannabichromene [CBC], (–)‐cannabidivarin [CBDV], (–)‐cannabigerol [CBG], (–)‐cannabigerovarin [CBGV] and (–)‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabivarin [THCV]). Viability and proliferation of human SZ95 sebocytes were investigated by MTT and CyQUANT assays; cell death and lipid synthesis were monitored by DilC1(5)‐SYTOX Green labelling and Nile Red staining, respectively. Inflammatory responses were investigated by monitoring expressions of selected cytokines upon lipopolysaccharide treatment (RT‐qPCR, ELISA). Up to 10 μm, the phytocannabinoids only negligibly altered the viability of the sebocytes, whereas high doses (≥50 μm) induced apoptosis. Interestingly, basal sebaceous lipid synthesis was differentially modulated by the substances: CBC and THCV suppressed it, and CBDV had only minor effects, whereas CBG and CBGV increased it. Importantly, CBC, CBDV and THCV significantly reduced arachidonic acid (AA)‐induced ‘acne‐like’ lipogenesis. Moreover, THCV suppressed proliferation, and all phytocannabinoids exerted remarkable anti‐inflammatory actions. Our data suggest that CBG and CBGV may have potential in the treatment of dry‐skin syndrome, whereas CBC, CBDV and especially THCV show promise to become highly efficient, novel anti‐acne agents. Moreover, based on their remarkable anti‐inflammatory actions, phytocannabinoids could be efficient, yet safe novel tools in the management of cutaneous inflammations.
Efficient 3D Database Screening for Novel HIV-1 IN Inhibitors

We describe the use of pharmacophore modeling as an efficient tool in the discovery of novel HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitors. A three-dimensional hypothetical model for the binding of diketo acid analogues to the enzyme was built by means of the Catalyst program. Using these models as a query for virtual screening, we found several compounds that contain the specified 3D patterns of chemical functions. Biological testing shows that our strategy was successful in searching for new structural leads as HIV-1 IN inhibitors.
Jointly Modeling of VIX and SPX Options at a Single and Common Maturity with Risk Management Applications

A double gamma model is proposed for the VIX. The VIX is modeled as gamma distributed with a mean and variance that respond to a gamma-distributed realized variance over the preceeding month. Conditional on VIX and the realized variance, the logarithm of the stock is variance gamma distributed with affine conditional drift and quadratic variation. The joint density for the triple realized variance, VIX, and the SPX is in closed form. Maximum likelihood estimation on time series data addresses model adequacy. A joint calibration of the model to SPX and VIX options is employed to illustrate a risk management application hedging realized volatility options.
Effects of Random Heterogeneity on Seismic Reflection Images

The reflection seismic method, which is a technique to map geologic structure and stratigraphic features, has been adopted in a variety of applications such as oil and gas explorations, fundamental geological studies, engineering and hydrological studies. Furthermore, recently time-lapse seismic monitoring is considered as a promising technology to monitor changes in dynamic physical properties as a function of time by analyzing differences between seismic data sets from different epochs (e.g., Lumley, 2001). On the other hand, its widespread use has often revealed a weakness in seismic reflection methods when applied to complex structures. It is widely believed that highly dense spatial sampling increases the quality of final seismic reflection sections. However, the quality of final seismic sections obtained in real fields is often very poor for a variety of reasons such as ambient noise, heterogeneities in the rocks, surface waves, reverberations of direct waves within the near-surface, and seismic scattering, even if highly dense spatial sampling is adopted. In most of reflection seismic explorations, people implicitly assume that the subsurface target heterogeneities are sufficiently large and strong that other background heterogeneities only cause small fluctuations to the signals from the target heterogeneity. In this case, a clear distinction can be made between target structures and the small-scale background heterogeneities. However, if the small-scale heterogeneities are significantly strong and are of comparable size to the seismic wavelength, complicated waveforms often appear. This complication causes much difficulty when investigating subsurface structures by seismic reflection. In deep crustal studies (Brown et al., 1983) or geothermal studies (Matsushima et al., 2003), seismic data often have a poor signal-to-noise ratio. Complicated seismic waves are due to seismic wave scattering generated from the small-scale heterogeneities, which degrades seismic reflection data, resulting in attenuation and travel time fluctuations of reflected waves, and the masking of reflected waves by multiple scattering events. In this case, the conventional single-scattering assumption of migration may not be applicable; in other words, multiple scattering caused by strong heterogeneities may disturb the energy distribution in observed seismic traces (Emmerich et al., 1993).
Inhibition of Inflammatory Cytokine Production from Rheumatoid Synovial Fibroblasts by a Novel IκB Kinase Inhibitor

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is involved in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is considered to be a feasible molecular target in treating patients. In the RA joint tissues, activation of NF-κB is often observed together with high amounts of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and interleukin (IL)-1β. TNFα and IL-1β are known to stimulate NF-κB signaling and are produced as the effect of NF-κB signaling, thus forming a vicious cycle leading to a self-perpetuating nature of rheumatoid inflammation and expansion of such inflammatory response to other joints. Because a kinase called IκB kinase complex (IKK) is involved in the NF-κB activation cascade, we examined the effect of a novel IKK inhibitor, (7-[2-(cyclopropyl-methoxy)-6-hydroxyphenyl]-5-[(3S)-3-piperidinyl]-1,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[2,3-d][1,3]oxazin-2-one hydrochloride; CHPD), on the production of inflammatory cytokines from rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts (RSF). TNFα stimulation induced production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8 in RSF, and the extent of IL-6 and IL-8 induction was dramatically reduced by CHPD under noncytotoxic concentrations. Likewise, expression of il-6 and il-8 genes was significantly reduced by CHPD. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that the DNA binding of NF-κB (p65) to il-8 promoter in RSF was induced after TNFα stimulation and that, upon CHPD treatment to RSF for 1 h, the NF-κB binding to il-8 promoter was significantly decreased. Here, we have demonstrated that an IKKβ inhibitor, CHPD, acts as an effective inhibitor for the production of inflammatory cytokines in response to proinflammatory cytokines. These findings indicate that such a IKKβ inhibitor could be a feasible candidate for an antirheumatic drug.
Air Raids and the Child

Research will probably appeal to only a few. There is no reason why women should not do great work in research, as the example of Madame Curie and others shows, but it is unwise to take it up unless you feel a real call, and it is often a blind-alley occupation. There is one important respect in which the after-careers of men and women doctors differ, and that is in the effect upon them of marriage. Marriage is a great help to a man qua doctor; in a woman doctor it is apt to be a hindrance. Not always, of course, but it requires unusual strength and energy for a woman to run matrimonv and a profession in double harness, for matrimony is really a full-time job. It sounds very nice for a husband and wife both to be engaged in practice, perhaps as partners, but I don't think it often works. A man, after a harassing day, does not want to come home to talk shop to an equally tired wife. He wants to find someone with " a heart at leisure from itself to soothe and sympathize," and that is the woman's part. There are, of course, some part-time paid posts which a married woman doctor can fill-and perhaps all the better for her being married-but the rough-and-tumble of general practice is another matter. What proportion of you will marry I do not know. I have seen it stated at 30%, but I should have expected it to be higher. Nor do I know how this proportion compares with that for non-professional women. I suspect, however, that preoccupation with professional work lessens a woman's power to please as well as her abstract desire for marriage. But, it may be said, if this is true there is at least a one in three chance that a woman's medical education has been wasted. But that does not follow. The study of medicine is a liberal education, and medical women make excellent wives, while their qualification is always a second string to their bow. There is therefore no real waste. And now, having come to the end of my advice, I find it difficult to give a title to this address. Perhaps I cannot do better than use Mrs. Poyser's phrase, " to match the men," for it implies what I have wished to convey-that doctors, whether men or women, are much alike, and where unlike they are complementary to one another. Let me, therefore, as a final admonition and in no spirit of paradox, urge you. both as students and afterwards, to " quit you like men. "
Case-Control Study of Antibiotic Use and Subsequent Clostridium difficile–Associated Diarrhea in Hospitalized Patients

Objective. To determine which antibiotics increase or decrease the risk of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD). Design. Retrospective case-control study. Setting. Nonprofit, integrated healthcare delivery system in Northern California. Patients. Study participants included patients with cases of hospital-acquired CDAD that occurred during the period from 1999 through 2005 (n = 1,142) and control patients (n = 3,351) matched for facility, calendar quarter during which hospitalization occurred, diagnosis related group for the index hospitalization, and length of hospital stay. All case and control patients had received antibiotics in the 60 days before the index date. For each antibiotic, the risk of CDAD was examined in relation to whether the patient received the antibiotic, after adjustment for use of other antibiotics, demographic characteristics, selected health conditions, and use of healthcare services. Results. The following antibiotics were associated with a significantly increased risk of acquiring CDAD: imipenem-cilastin (odds ratio [OR], 2.77), clindamycin (OR, 2.31), cefuroxime (OR, 2.16), moxifloxacin (OR, 1.88), ceftazidime (OR, 1.82), cefpodoxime (OR, 1.58), ceftizoxime (OR, 1.57), and ceftriaxone (OR, 1.49). Metronidazole and doxycycline were associated with a significantly reduced risk of CDAD (OR for metronidazole, 0.67; OR for doxycycline, 0.41). Other factors associated with an increased risk of CDAD were older age, longer hospital stays, use of proton pump inhibitors, prior gastrointestinal disease, and prior infection (not including C. difficile infection.) Conclusions. Some antibiotics appear to increase the risk of acquiring CDAD, notably clindamycin, third-generation cephalosporins, and carbapenems, whereas metronidazole and doxycycline appear to be protective, compared with other antibiotics.
An initial comparison of intensive care in Japan and the United States

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare the utilization of, and outcome from, critical care services in selected medical centers providing secondary and tertiary care in the United States and Japan. DesignProspective data collection on 1,292 patients from each of the participating Japanese study hospitals in 1987 to 1989 and compared with the 5,030 patients in the United States 1982 Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) database used to develop the APACHE II equation. Detailed organizational characteristics of the participating ICUs and hospitals were also obtained. SettingData collection took place in the ICUs of 13 U.S. hospitals and six Japanese hospitals. PatientsData were collected on consecutive, unselected patients from medical, surgical, and mixed medical/surgical critical care units, with a spectrum of medical and surgical diagnoses. Measurements and Main ResultsU.S. and Japanese ICUs have a similar array of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Only 2% (range 0.6 to 3.5) of beds in Japanese hospitals were designated to intensive care. The organization of the Japanese and U.S. ICUs varied by hospital. There were significantly fewer women admitted to Japanese ICUs and a substantially lower proportion of low-risk-of-death patients. Despite a rapidly aging population, there were relatively fewer elderly patients with chronic health ailments in the Japanese ICU population (8%) compared with the U.S. cohort (18%). ConclusionsIn this sample of hospitals, similar high-technology critical care is available in the United States and Japan. Variations in utilization between the two countries represent differences in case mix and bed availability. The APACHE II equation stratified patients in the Japanese patient cohort across the full spectrum of increasing severity of illness.
Optical damage resistant 70-mm-long periodically poled Mg doped stoichiometric LiNbO3 for low-threshold optical parametric generation

We report a 70-mm-long periodically poled Mg doped near stoichiometric LiNbO3 (PPMgSLN) for optical parametric generation (OPG). OPG was performed at room temperature and the threshold of 12.3 MW/cm2 was obtained at focusing parameter xi=1.5.
Ecosystem metabolism in a dryland river waterhole

Little is known about ecosystem processes in dryland rivers, despite the global distribution of these systems. Those in Australia are characterised by long periods of no flow in which they persist for many months as series of isolated, often turbid, waterholes. We assessed benthic and pelagic primary production, respiration, and bacterial production in one of these waterholes to determine the metabolic balance of the waterhole and resolve the relative importance of autochthonous and allochthonous sources of organic carbon. Despite a photic zone depth of only 0.25 m, three lines of evidence suggested that autochthonous sources of organic carbon were important for fuelling bacterial production under no-flow conditions: the metabolic balance of the waterhole was not indicative of large allochthonous inputs; rates of gross primary production were great enough to meet a substantial fraction of estimated bacterial carbon demand; and pathways for allochthonous carbon to enter the waterhole were limited. These results suggest that models of lake metabolism based on temperate ecosystems can be expanded to include dryland river waterholes, which group with eutrophic lakes owing to their high levels of inorganic nutrients, low allochthonous inputs and autotrophic metabolic balance.
Modelling intonation contours at the phrase level using continuous density hidden Markov models

Abstract This paper describes work on the phrase-level recognition of British English intonation contours using continuous density hidden Markov models (CDHMMs) in conjunction with the 1961 O'Connor and Arnold intonation description scheme. The scheme is presented briefly together with the feature estimation and model optimization processes. The paper includes a presentation of methods for handling two fundamental problems in modelling F 0 -contours: unvoiced segments and F 0 -halving/doubling. Recognition performance is reported for both speech material recorded especially for these investigations and material extracted from the EUROM0 database.
Product Grassmann Manifold Representation and Its LRR Models

It is a challenging problem to cluster multi- and high-dimensional data with complex intrinsic properties and non-linear manifold structure. The recently proposed subspace clustering method, Low Rank Representation (LRR), shows attractive performance on data clustering, but it generally does with data in Euclidean spaces. In this paper, we intend to cluster complex high dimensional data with multiple varying factors. We propose a novel representation, namely Product Grassmann Manifold (PGM), to represent these data. Additionally, we discuss the geometry metric of the manifold and expand the conventional LRR model in Euclidean space onto PGM and thus construct a new LRR model. Several clustering experimental results show that the proposed method obtains superior accuracy compared with the clustering methods on manifolds or conventional Euclidean spaces.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF CHOLINESTERASE IN THE CUTANEOUS RECEPTOR ORGANS, ESPECIALLY TOUCH CORPUSCLES OF THE HUMAN FINGER

1. Cutaneous receptor organs of the human digital skin have been investigated for cholinesterase activity by a modification of the histochemical technique of Koelle and Friedenwald, and the findings have been analyzed in relation to the structure of the receptors. 2. It was found that in Meissner's corpuscles the nerves and their sheaths were negative, but the plasma membranes of the laminar cells and the intercellular substance gave strong positive reactions with either acetyl or butyryl substrates. 3. In Merkel's corpuscles, nerve endings and the associated Merkel's cells were negative, but the preterminal medullated nerve fibres gave positive reactions with the butyryl substrate. 4. In hairs, the terminal nerve fibres surrounding the epithelial sheaths gave positive reactions with both substrates. 5. Free nerve endings were negative but the cells related to the endings gave a positive reaction with both substrates. 6. Capillaries and sebaceous glands were negative, but adventitia of larger blood vessels gave positive reactions with the butyryl substrate. 7. The significance of the findings is discussed and a suggestion is made that both acetylcholine and its enzyme may constitute active agents in the synaptic transmission of a nervous impulse in Meissner's corpuscle.
Spectrofluorimetric Method for Determination of Duloxetine Hydrochloride in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

A simple accurate, sensitive and reproducible spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the analysis of duloxetine hydrochloride in pure and pharmaceutical dosage form. Duloxetine hydrochloride showed strong native fluorescence in 0.05 M acetic acid having excitation at 225 nm and emission at 340 nm. Effect of different solvents were thoroughly investigated. The calibration graph was linear in the range from 0.020 to 0.400 μg/ml. The proposed method was statistically validated and successfully applied for analysis of capsule dosage forms. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.003 μg/ml and 0.010 μg/ml, respectively. The percentage recovery was found to be in the range of 98.71% to 99.17%.
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: THE CINDERELLA OF GENERAL MEDICINE

Most general practitioners and non-nephrologists probably consider nephrology as a highly esoteric subspecialty that relates only to a very limited extent to their practice. Only few patients of each medical practice will come into contact with a nephrologist for renal replacement therapy (RRT) or for some rare form of glomerulonephritis. For that reason, continuous medical education sessions concerning nephrology attract mostly only limited attention. Over the last decade, however, there is increasing and compelling evidence that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is more prevalent than previously thought (1), and that the impact of CKD on other organ systems, more in particular the cardiovascular system (2), is substantial. In addition, the fi nancial impact of the growing dialysis population on the health care budget urges the health care community to change gear to prevention of CKD. By this evolution, the nephrologist is on the one hand confronted with a growing number of medically demanding patients on RRT, whereas on the other hand, he should prevent further progression of renal failure in an explosive number of CKD patients. It is very evident that in this context a new paradigm of nephrology should emerge: the nephrologist as the coordinator and educator of a multidisciplinary team, involving the family practitioners, the general internists, the cardiologists and endocrinologists and the patients. In this paper, we will resume the epidemiology of CKD in Belgium, and discuss strategies to screen for CKD. Strange as it may appear, data on the exact prevalence of CKD in Belgium are lacking. This is due to different causes: fi rst, until recently, there was no clear defi nition of CKD; second, there is no standardized way to measure kidney function on a large scale; third, these data were presumed to be irrelevant.
Automated Transcript Generation for Video Conferences

With the rise of Deep Learning, speech Recognition has shown great results in recent years. As people who use video conferencing software on daily basis, we aim to demonstrate the viability of generating meeting transcripts using speech recognition combined with a preprocessing step of identifying unique speakers in the meeting. If successful, participants in the meeting can focus on engaging fully in the conversation without spending effort on note taking.