Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Human Performance Reliability.

Abstract : Human performance reliability for tasks in the time-space continuous domain is defined and a general mathematical model presented. The human performance measurement terms time-to-error and time-to-error-correction are defined. The model and measurement terms are tested using laboratory vigilance and manual control tasks. Error and error-correction data are ordered and the underlying density functions isolated. The Weibull distribution is best fit for time-to-first-error data, and the Log-Normal distribution is best fit for time-between-errors and time-to-error-correction data. Distribution parameter values are applied to the general mathematical model, and prediction made of human performance reliability for the tasks.
A rapid computational approach identifies SPICE1 as an Aurora kinase substrate

Aurora kinases play a major role in mitosis by regulating diverse substrates. Defining their critical downstream targets is important in understanding Aurora kinase function. Here we have developed an unbiased computational approach to identify new Aurora kinase substrates based on phosphorylation site clustering, protein localization, protein structure, and species conservation. We validate the microtubule-associated proteins Clasp2, Elys, tubulin tyrosine ligase-like polyglutamylase residues 330–624 and spindle and centriole associated protein 1, residues 549–855 (SPICE1), as Aurora A and B kinases substrates in vitro. We also demonstrate that SPICE1 localization is regulated by Aurora kinases during mitosis. In the absence of Aurora kinase activity, SPICE1 remains at centrioles but does not target to the spindle. Similarly, a nonphosphorylatable SPICE1 mutant no longer localizes to the spindle. Finally, we show that misregulating SPICE1 phosphorylation results in abnormal centriole number, spindle multipolarity, and chromosome alignment defects. Overall, our work indicates that temporal and spatial Aurora kinase–mediated regulation of SPICE1 is important for correct chromosome segregation. In addition, our work provides a database-search tool that enables rapid identification of Aurora kinase substrates.
Vitex Doniana Sweet (verbanaceae): evaluation of pharmacological basis of use in traditional medicine

Vitex doniana is a medium sized deciduous tree. 8 to 18m high, with a heavy rounded crown and a clear pole up to 5 m in height. It is quite wide spread occurring in Savanna regions. Coastal woodlands, riverine and low land forests. It also occurs in deciduous woodlands extending as high as upland grasslands. It is native to Kenya, Angola. Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Niger. Senegal, Somalia. South Africa. Sudan. Tanzania, Uganda. Zambia and many others. Ethno botanical uses include: treatment of epilepsy, infertility, eye problems and pain management. It is also used to treat anemia, jaundice, leprosy and dysentery. The root is used to treat gonorrhea and women drink a decoction to treat backache. The stem bark is dried and ground and used in form of tea infusion to treat epilepsy. The young tender leaves are bounded and juice squeezed into eyes to treat eye infections. A leaf decoction is applied externally as a galactagogue and against headache, stiffness, measles, rash, fever, chickenpox and hemiplegia and internally as a tonic, anodyne and febrifuge, and to treat respiratory diseases. Pastes of bounded leaves and the bark are applied to wounds and bums. Root decoction is administered orally to treat ankylostomias, rachitis, gastroenteritis and jaundice. Powdered bark is added to water and taken to treat colic. Bark extract is used to treat liver diseases and control bleeding after child birth. Dried and fresh fruits are used to treat diarrhea and vitamin A and B deficiencies. The twigs are used as chewing sticks for tooth cleaning. The main objective of this study was to evaluate Vitex doniana extract for anti convulsant activity. This is important because the present anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are only used to control seizures and in some cases, control of seizures becomes refractory with time. In addition current AEDs have hypnotic activities. Furthermore the study was also carried out to evaluate Vitex doniana extract for antinociceptive and spasmolytic activities. The leaves, fruits, stem and root bark of Vitex doniana were collected from outskirts o f Bungoma Town. They were air dried for 14 days and ground into powder using a grinding mill. The powder was then extracted using 85% ethanol by cold maceration. Another sample was subjected to sequential maceration extraction using petroleum
Cohesion-based Analysis of CSCL Conversations: Holistic and Individual Perspectives

Although Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) technologies have gained an increasing role in educational environments, there are few automatic systems that address involvement, knowledge-building and collaboration in order to support tutors in the time consuming process of analyzing conversations. We propose a cohesion-based analysis model integrating multiple natural language techniques, an intervention scoring mechanism and a comprehensive collaboration assessment method, derived from social knowledge- building, reflected at utterance level through cohesion. Furthermore, by combining a holistic perspective of the entire conversation with a more fine grained view focused on each participant, we obtain a thorough evaluation of chat conversations with focus on topics modeling, participant interaction and collaboration. In order to sustain our model, we have performed a preliminary validation study that proves that our analysis is consistent with tutor evaluations.
Learning a Neural Tree

A method to learn neural trees is proposed in this paper. Not only the weights of the network connections but also the structure of the whole network including the number of neurons and the inter-connections among the neurons are all learned from the training set by our method. Issues about the optimization and pruning of the generated networks are investigated. Initial test results, comparisons with other learning methods and several possible applications are also discussed.
The role of self-regulated learning in enhancing conceptual understanding of rate of chemical reactions

The authors have investigated the effects of self-regulated learning (SRL) prompts on the academic performance of 30 year 9 students (12-13 year olds) learning science in a computer-based simulation environment by randomly assigning participants to either a SRL prompted or non-SRL prompted group. Mixed methods approaches were adopted for data collection and data analysis. Students in the SRL prompted group were given activity sheets which contained SRL prompts, whereas students in the non-SRL prompted group received no SRL-prompts in their activity sheets but some general prompts regarding how to follow the activity sheet. The incorporation of SRL prompted instructions into a computer-based simulation environment that teaches the rates of chemical reactions facilitated the shift in learners’ academic performance more than the non-SRL-prompted condition did. This shift was associated with the presence of the SRL behavioural prompts in the activity sheets. This study is a starting point in understanding the impact of the application of SRL-prompted instructions to the teaching of topics in a computer-based learning environment with a view to improving students’ academic attainment.
Understanding Familial Relationship In An Image

In this paper we work on detecting the parent by given in their children images. We can manage images of people automatically on Web in general and in social media in particular. Instead of just face detection and face recognition. We can study what are the relationships between them. For the detected faces we extract the Gabor features. Gabor features based on the frequency and orientation. The method used as a shape representation. The Extracted feature will classify by the k-NN Classifier. At the end we are going to develop a user based database . Then transfer subspace is applied to those images. The key idea is to utilize some intermediate data set close to both the source and target distributions and naturally the young–parent set is suitable for this task. Then we propose a strategy to infer the most possible kin relationships embedded in the images. We propose an algorithm to predict the most likely kin relationships embedded in an image
The Roles and Challenges Confronting the School Governing Body in Representing Schools in the Digital Age

This research centres on the roles and challenges facing the “School Governing Body” (SGB) in this digital age where students and educators are more becoming tech-active and addicted. A case study was deployed in a school located in Mafikeng, the capital of the North West Province, South Africa. The 21st century learners and educators are making technology there daily necessity both within and outside the school premises. The Department of Education is investing in schools technologically. Then, the aim of this research was to find out the problems SGB’s face in dealing with these technologies and representing the schools in order to carry out their roles. The qualitative research technique was used applying exploratory and descriptive research pattern. Data was gathered through an individual interview with SGB members in the school and also, a semi-structured focused group interview was conducted with non SGB members. The collected data was analysed in themes and categories in order to get in-depth perspectives of the participants in regards to the topic. The findings have various roles and challenges confronting the SGB in the new information age. These roles include to maintain and monitor school policy in line with information age, control school finance to accommodate growing innovations in technologies, design school technology-oriented curriculum and calendar, draft school rules and determine the vision and mission statement of the school to include digitalisations, maintain and monitor school properties, create a good link between the SGB members and the school and lastly to be a mediator between the learners and the SGB in resolving technology related issues. Findings also revealed that the SGB are faced with various challenges in respect of the representivity aspect of the school in this digital age.
Pro-osteoporotic miR-320a impairs osteoblast function and induces oxidative stress

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of many cellular processes, including the differentiation and activity of osteoblasts, and therefore, of bone turnover. MiR-320a is overexpressed in osteoporotic bone tissue but its role in osteoblast function is unknown. In the present study, functional assays were performed with the aim to elucidate the mechanism of miR-320a action in osteoblastic cells. MiR-320a was either overexpressed or inhibited in human primary osteoblasts (hOB) and gene expression changes were evaluated through microarray analysis. In addition, the effect of miR-320a on cell proliferation, viability, and oxidative stress in hOB was evaluated. Finally, matrix mineralization and alkaline phosphatase activity were assessed in order to evaluate osteoblast functionality. Microarray results showed miR-320a regulation of a number of key osteoblast genes and of genes involved in oxidative stress. Regulation of osteoblast differentiation and ossification appeared as the best significant biological processes (PANTHER P value = 3.74E-05; and P value = 3.06E-04, respectively). The other enriched pathway was that of the cellular response to cadmium and zinc ions, mostly by the overexpression of metallothioneins. In hOBs, overexpression of miR-320a increased cell proliferation and oxidative stress levels whereas mineralization capacity was reduced. In conclusion, overexpression of miR-320a increased stress oxidation levels and was associated with reduced osteoblast differentiation and functionality, which could trigger an osteoporotic phenotype.
PGP-based security enhanced mail gateway (SEMAIL) with POP authentication for large scale organizations

In this paper, we propose a security tool for security enhanced mail gateway (SEMAIL). SEMAIL is a mail server package designed to provide PGP (pretty good privacy)-based e-mail security to all the members of an organization. SEMAIL is attempting to solve the problems incurred by implementing PGP in large scale organizations. In this paper we introduce a POP before SMTP implementation that authenticates users before sending messages using SMTP. POP before SMTP for SEMAIL is designed to perform user level authentication in such way that the number of "receive before send" requests for the purpose of authentication is drastically reduced. Moreover, it overcomes problems induced by the ordinary implementation in a DHCP environment. As a result, SEMAIL with POP before SMTP is expected to become more secure and practical for large scale organizations.
Evaluating Foundational Professional Development Training for Trauma-Informed Approaches in Schools

Trauma-informed schools reflect a national movement toward implementing organizational practices and systems-change strategies that support trauma-exposed individuals. Although frameworks for trauma-informed schools delineate key features for navigating implementation processes, methods of installing these features in schools require additional study. Although foundational professional development (FPD) training is often utilized to prepare schools for implementing trauma-informed approaches, few researchers have examined whether such training influences factors known to promote implementation success: staff knowledge of and perceptions of acceptability for these approaches. The current study utilized a pre–post design to evaluate a 2-day FPD training as a tool for enhancing teacher knowledge of trauma-informed approaches prior to implementation. The study also examined whether gains in knowledge following the training were associated with teacher perceptions of acceptability of trauma-informed approaches and whether perceived alignment of trauma-informed approaches with existing school norms and practices, or system fit, moderated that relationship. Participants included 183 teachers from six schools who completed the training. Knowledge was assessed at pre- and posttraining, and perceptions of acceptability and system fit were assessed at posttraining. Results indicated significant knowledge growth following the training. Among teachers who perceived better system fit, knowledge growth was associated with increased acceptability for trauma-informed approaches. However, among teachers perceiving less system fit, knowledge growth was associated with decreased acceptability. Implications for the installation and implementation of trauma-informed approaches in schools are discussed.
Development of Virtual Embryos with Emergent Self-Repair

We have constructed a computational platform that incorporates principles of biological development and primitives derived from cell biology into a rule-based architecture. When coupled to an evolutionary search, this platform can evolve 3-dimensional embryos with robustness to damage and high capacity for self-repair, even though repair is not explicitly encoded or part of the fitness criteria. One such embryo, a 117-cell cube, achieves this robustness through cell signaling and gene regulatory networks (SGRNs) that curtail cell division when the embryo is intact and support replacement of lost cells when damage shifts the balance between growth and repression. These results demonstrate that relatively simple SGRN architectures can generate complex and robust emergent properties.
Ageing via perception costs of reproduction magnifies sexual selection

Understanding what factors modulate sexual selection intensity is crucial to a wide variety of evolutionary processes. Recent studies show that perception of sex pheromones can severely impact male mortality when it is not followed by mating (perception costs of reproduction). Here, we examine the idea that this may magnify sexual selection by further decreasing the fitness of males with inherently low mating success, hence increasing the opportunity for sexual selection. We use mathematical modelling to show that even modest mortality perception costs can significantly increase variability in male reproductive success under a wide range of demographic conditions. We then conduct a series of assays suggesting that, in Drosophila melanogaster, failure to reproduce early in life may, via perception costs of reproduction, significantly reduces the subsequent fitness of males (ca 25%), due mostly to increased reproductive ageing. Altogether, our results strongly suggest that perception costs of reproduction can magnify sexual selection in a biologically significant way. Finally, we estimate that around 29% of available studies quantify sexual selection based on short-term fitness estimates that may fail to capture these effects (if they were present in their subject species), and suggest addressing the existence and impact of perception costs of reproduction across taxa should thus be a priority.
Decreasing disruptive behaviour during routine dental visits: a video modelling intervention for young children.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the benefits of a collaborative partnership between paediatric dentists and behavioural health providers in which a practical video modelling intervention, with the aim to reduce disruptive behaviours in young children, is implemented. METHODS The video was created by a dentist using readily available technology and implemented in a busy practice setting. A clinical sample of 40 children, 3-6 years old, was recruited from a continuous sample of patients seen at the clinic. Participants were randomised into two groups and shown either the brief video model or a control video prior to a routine dental visit. All sessions were videotaped and independently scored by blinded observers. Behavioural data were recorded using 15-second partial-interval recording and included physical and vocal disruptions. Subjective measures of cooperation were also completed by observers and dental professionals. RESULTS Independent samples t-tests show that the treatment group had a significantly lower mean percentage of intervals in which disruptive behaviour was observed [t(38) = 2.94, P = 0.008] compared with the control group. Subjective rating scales revealed significantly higher ratings of cooperation for the treatment group from the dentist [t(38) = -5.19, P = 0.000], the dental assistant [t(38) = -4.01, P = 0.001] and the blinded coder [t(38) = -3.54, P = 0.002]. Significant relationships were found between the percentage of actual disruptive behaviour and subjective ratings of the dentist (r = -0.82, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Watching a brief dentist-created video model of expected procedures can reduce disruptive behaviour and increase cooperation for young children making their first visit to a busy medical setting.
Transforming the Learning Difficulties to Teaching Moments

This study aims to uncover what knowledge is brought forth in an embodied modeling mediated activity by prospective teachers (PT) and how these learning experiences are connected with their teaching practices in an informal learning context. We employ qualitative methodologies to investigate these questions. Finding shows that based upon learning-through-modeling experiences, PTs effectively transformed their learning difficulties to valuable teaching moments for their workshop participants. Implications of this study are discussed.
High-level Communication in Systems-of-Systems

Communication between machines resides usually on a low level of abstraction that is hard to understand for most humans. Human factors or communication between humans and machines have not yet received sufficient attention in systems engineering. All this poses serious problems for communication especially in Systems-of-Systems. Therefore, we propose high-level communication based on communicative acts both for machine-machine and for human-machine communication. Such an approach to human-like communication allows us even to unify machine-machine and human-machine interaction. This unification enables scenarios where a machine initiates a communication, without having to know whether the partners are machines or humans.
MOOSE: A Minimal Object Oriented Language with Session Types

In recent years concurrency and interaction have emerged as a theme of paramount importance, because they address the needs of distributed systems which have now become pervasive. Perhaps the most studied and acknowledged formalism in that field is the π-calculus [22], from which the concept of session types [16] has evolved. Session types enable us to define and statically typecheck communication protocols, specified as sequences of typed channel actions that constitute a larger interaction, which is called a session. Another important theme is that of structuring software effectively, with the object-oriented paradigm [1, 10] being the most widely accepted nowadays. Indeed, object orientation offers several advantages such as increased encapsulation, and flexibility in adaptation and reuse. In this report, we combine the above into a small calculus for a concurrent object-oriented language with session types. We present examples and patterns that become possible with our language, and then formalise the syntax, operational semantics and typing system. Finally, we prove subject reduction.
Online 3-D Trajectory Estimation of a Flying Object from a Monocular Image Sequence for Catching

Catching a fast moving object can be used to describe work across many subfields of robotics, sensing, processing, actuation, and systems design. The reaction time allowed to the entire robot system: sensors, processor and actuators is very short. The sensor system must provide estimates of the object trajectory as early as possible, so that the robot may begin moving to approximately the correct place as early as possible. High accuracy must be obtained, so that the best possible catching position can be computed and maximum reaction time is available. 3D visual tracking and catching of a flying object has been achieved successfully by several researchers in recent years (Andersson; 1989)-(Mori et al.; 2004). There are two basic approaches to visual servo control: Position-Based Visual Servoing (PBVS), where computer techniques are used to reconstruct a representation of the 3D workspace of the robot, and actuator commands are computed with respect to the 3D workspace; and, Image-Based Visual Servoing (IBVS), where an error signal measured directly in the image is mapped to actuator commands. In most of the research done in robotic catching using PBVS, the trajectory of the object is predicted with data obtained with a stereo vision system (Andersson; 1989)-(Namiki & Ishikawa; 2003), and the catching is achieved using a combination of light weight robots (Hove & Slotine; 1991) with fast grasping actuators (Hong & Slotine; 1995; Namiki & Ishikawa; 2003). A major difference exists between motion and structure estimation from binocular image sequences and that from monocular image sequences. With binocular image sequences, once the baseline is calibrated, the 3-D position of the object with reference with the cameras can be obtained. Using IBVS, catching a ball has been achieved successfully in a hand-eye configuration with a 6 DOF robot manipulator and one CCD camera based on GAG strategy (Mori et al.; 2004). Estimation of 3D trajectories from a monocular image sequence has been researched by (Avidan & Shashua; 2000; Cui et al.; 1994; Chan et al.; 2002; Ribnick et al.; 2009), among others, but to the best of our knowledge, no published work has addressed the 3-D catching of a fast moving object using monocular images with a PBVS system. Our system (see Fig. 1) consists of one high speed stationary camera, a personal computer to calculate and predict the trajectory online of the object, and a 6 d.o. f. arm to approach the manipulator to the predicted position.