Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Agronomic and Kernel Quality of Ancient Wheats Grown in Central and Southern Italy

Several genotypes of the two “ancients wheats” species, Khorasan wheat and emmer, were evaluated in two different marginal areas of central and southern Italy. They were compared with some old and new released varieties of durum wheat, in order to better understand their agronomic potential and their suitability to be grown in those conditions. Khorasan wheat was the worst yielding species with the highest plant height, kernel and hectolitre weight. Yield and kernel weight from emmer resulted intermediate between the other two species, while plant height did not differ from that of durum wheat. Emmer exhibited high protein and gluten content. Wide genetic response to many traits was found within each species grouping; this suggests that some emmer and Khorasan wheat genotypes have the potential to give high quality product and interesting yield in rainfed marginal areas of central and southern Italy.
New genera and species of Megaloptera Latr

About 8 months ago I finished my monograph of the Megaloptera (Sialidae) for the „Catalogue des Collections Zoologiques du baron E. de Selys Longchamps. ” Though the work is since ready for the press, it cannot yet be printed. As there are many new genera and species described in it and because other workers in this interesting family might describe them before my monograph has been published, I give here short descriptions of them in order to secure their priority. This order of insects, separated from the other Neuroptera and especially from the Planipennia under the name of Megaloptera, contains two families: the primitive Sialidae and the much higher specialised Raphidiidae.
The ‘Roche Yolk Colour Fan’—An Instrument for Measuring Yolk Colour

Abstract INTRODUCTION INCREASING importance is being given to the colour of egg yolk when judging the quality of eggs. Besides the customary standards of measurement such as shape and weight, firmness of the shell, freshness, structure of egg white and yolk etc. the colour of yolk and its year round constancy are decisive criteria in the maintenance of standardized egg quality (Farnsworth and Nordskog, 1955; Braunlich, 1962, 1966; Bartlett and Podger, 1962; Snyder, 1962; Tagwerker, 1962; Scholtyssek, 1962, 1964; Scholtyssek and Bohm, 1962; Torges, 1964; Mehner et al., 1965; Brown, 1964; Schmidt, 1963). In the last ten to fifteen years a number of papers appeared which are concerned especially with pigmentation of the yolk, e.g. by Rescheleit (1953); Steinegger and Zanetti (1957 Steinegger and Zanetti (1959); Steinegger et al. (1957); Rauch (1959, 1960, 1961); Scholtyssek et al. (1961, 1966); Smetana (1961); Brown (1964); Carlson et al. (1961); Treat (1963); Boguth and Czernicki (1962); Mainguy…
Atividade da pectinametilesterase e sua relação com a perda de firmeza da polpa de mamão cv. Sunrise Solo e Tainung

The objective of this work was to evaluate the pectinmethylesterase (PME) activity in papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruits cv. Sunrise Solo and Tainung, and to correlate its changes with the pulp firmness loss during fruit ripening. Fruits were collected daily from a commercial farm localized in Aracruz - ES, and stored under room temperature (approximately 25 °C) until the period of analysis. The pulp firmness loss of the fruits in both cultivars began at the 4th day after harvest (DAH); however, the cv. Sunrise Solo presented highest reduction than the cv. Tainung. The PME activity of cv. Sunrise Solo was higher at the 1st DAH, and decreased slowly at the 4th DAH, reaching its smallest value. At the 5th DAH the activity increased, remaining practically the same at the 8th DAH. In the cv. Tainung, the PME activity increased until the 3rd DAH and decreased at the 4th DAH. In the 5th DAH, its activity increased again reaching its higher value at the 6th DAH. From this on, the enzyme activity decreased significantly, maintaining the same value until the last day of analysis (8th DAH). The correlation coefficient obtained between the PME activity and the pulp firmness in the cv. Sunrise Solo after the 4th DAH was R = - 0,84, indicating that during this period, the pulp firmness of the fruits decreased when the PME activity increased. On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between these two characteristics in the cv. Tainung.
Endometriosis and migraine headache risk: a meta-analysis

ABSTRACT There is high prevalence of both migraine and endometriosis; however, the association between both is controversial. This systematic review evaluated the association between endometriosis and the risk of migraine headache. A search was done of the following international electronic bibliographic databases including: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to May 2020. Heterogeneity among studies was determined by Q-test and I2 statistic. Publication bias was assessed by Begg’s and Egger’s tests. The results were reported using the odds ratio (OR) estimate with its 95% confidence interval (CI) using a random-effects model. The search identified 802 articles with 287,174 participants. There was a significant association between endometriosis and the risk of migraine headache (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.90). Based on the Newcastle Ottawa Statement Manual (NOS) scale, all studies had high quality. The findings showed that endometriosis was significantly associated with an increased risk of migraine headache. Future research should be focused on measures that could help to reduce the risk of migraine headache among women with endometriosis.
Rule Following Mitigates Collaborative Cheating and Facilitates the Spreading of Honesty Within Groups

Compared with working alone, interacting in groups can increase dishonesty and give rise to collaborative cheating—the joint violation of honesty. At the same time, collaborative cheating emerges some but not all of the time, even when dishonesty is not sanctioned and economically rational. Here, we address this conundrum. We show that people differ in their extent to follow arbitrary and costly rules and observe that “rule-followers” behave more honestly than “rule-violators. ” Because rule-followers also resist the temptation to engage in collaborative cheating, dyads and groups with at least one high rule-follower have fewer instances of coordinated violations of honesty. Whereas social interaction can lead to a “social slippery slope” of increased cheating, rule-abiding individuals mitigate the emergence and spreading of collaborative cheating, leading to a transmission advantage of honesty. Accordingly, interindividual differences in rule following provide a basis through which honest behavior can persist.
iASiS Open Data Graph: Automated Semantic Integration of Disease-Specific Knowledge

In biomedical research, unified access to up-to-date domain-specific knowledge is crucial, as such knowledge is continuously accumulated in scientific literature and structured resources. Identifying and extracting specific information is a challenging task and computational analysis of knowledge bases can be valuable in this direction. However, for disease-specific analyses researchers often need to compile their own datasets, integrating knowledge from different resources, or reuse existing datasets, that can be out-of-date. In this study, we propose a framework to automatically retrieve and integrate disease-specific knowledge into an up-to-date semantic graph, the iASiS Open Data Graph. This disease-specific semantic graph provides access to knowledge relevant to specific concepts and their individual aspects, in the form of concept relations and attributes. The proposed approach is implemented as an open-source framework and applied to three diseases (Lung Cancer, Dementia, and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy). Exemplary queries are presented, investigating the potential of this automatically generated semantic graph as a basis for retrieval and analysis of disease-specific knowledge.
Autophagy and multivesicular body formation in blastocysts during the experimental diapause in mice

In experimentally induced diapause model in mice, blastocysts remain dormant for an extended period but resume implantation competency upon estrogen injection. The underlying mechanism by which extended longevity of dormant blastocysts is maintained is unclear. We have previously shown that dormant blastocysts, during experimentally induced diapause, exhibit heightened autophagic activation. Activation of autophagy appears to be a crucial adaptive response for survival in the unfavorable uterine environment, as inhibiting autophagy reduces the survival rate of dormant blastocysts. As a unique cell biological change occurring following estrogen supplementation to activate dormant blastocysts, multivesicular bodies (MVBs) accumulate in the trophectoderm. In various cellular contexts, autophagy and MVB formation are linked cell biological phenomena. Herein, we discuss the implications of these cell biological changes in dormant and activated blastocysts.
Critical Parameter Identification for Safety Events in Commercial Aviation Using Machine Learning

In recent years, there has been a rapid growth in the application of data science techniques that leverage aviation data collected from commercial airline operations to improve safety. This paper presents the application of machine learning to improve the understanding of risk factors during flight and their causal chains. With increasing complexity and volume of operations, rapid accumulation and analysis of this safety-related data has the potential to maintain and even lower the low global accident rates in aviation. This paper presents the development of an analytical methodology called Safety Analysis of Flight Events (SAFE) that synthesizes data cleaning, correlation analysis, classification-based supervised learning, and data visualization schema to streamline the isolation of critical parameters and the elimination of tangential factors for safety events in aviation. The SAFE methodology outlines a robust and repeatable framework that is applicable across heterogeneous data sets containing multiple aircraft, airport of operations, and phases of flight. It is demonstrated on Flight Operations Quality Assurance (FOQA) data from a commercial airline through use cases related to three safety events, namely Tire Speed Event, Roll Event, and Landing Distance Event. The application of the SAFE methodology yields a ranked list of critical parameters in line with subject-matter expert conceptions of these events for all three use cases. The work concludes by raising important issues about the compatibility levels of machine learning and human conceptualization of incidents and their precursors, and provides initial guidance for their reconciliation.
Candidate–Evaluator Similarity, Favouritism, Informational Advantage, and Committee Dynamics

Abstract:L’auteur se penche sur l’évaluation des candidats pour des bourses nationales canadiennes effectuée par des sous-comités multidisciplinaires. En premier lieu, l’étude révèle de faibles indices de favoritisme chez les évaluateurs issus de la même discipline que les candidats. En deuxième lieu, les notes attribuées par l’évaluateur issu de la même discipline que le candidat sont de meilleurs prédicteurs du succès futur du candidat (succès associé au fait qu’il soit devenu professeur d’université 10 ans plus tard) que les notes attribuées par les évaluateurs issus de disciplines différentes de celle du candidat appartenant au même sous-comité, mais non que les notes attribuées par des évaluateurs de disciplines différentes de celle du candidat lorsque aucun évaluateur issu de la même discipline que le candidat ne siège au sous-comité. En troisième lieu, le total des notes des sous-comités auxquels ne siège aucun évaluateur issu de la même discipline que le candidat est un prédicteur de succès au moins aussi efficace que le total des notes des souscomités auxquels siègent des évaluateurs issus de la même discipline que le candidat.Abstract:This article examines the assessment of 2004 and 2005 Canadian national scholarship candidates by multidisciplinary subcommittees. First, it shows weak evidence of slight favouritism by evaluators in the same discipline as the candidate. Second, same-discipline evaluator scores predict candidates’ future success (proxied by becoming a university professor 10 years later) better than do different-discipline evaluator scores from the same subcommittee, but not better than different-discipline evaluator scores when there is no same-discipline evaluator on the subcommittee. Third, aggregate scores from subcommittees without same-discipline evaluators do at least as well at predicting success as those with same-discipline evaluators.
Fecundity of the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi on its native host Eleginops maclovinus captured near salmon farms in southern Chile

The sea louse (Caligus rogercresseyi) is the most significant parasitic pathogen in Chilean salmon farms, and it infects farmed salmon and native host ¢sh. Fecundity is one of the most important parameters for understanding the population dynamics of a species; however, this information is scarce for this parasite. The fecundity of C. rogercresseyi females collected from native hosts (Eleginops maclovinus) captured near salmon farms in southern Chile was measured to evaluate the reproductive output of this parasite on this host ¢sh. From June 2008 to May 2009, 212 specimens of E. maclovinus were examined. Each ¢sh was measured, and all its parasites were collected, sorted and counted. Seventy-nine ovigerous C. rogercresseyi females (OFs) were measured. Total body length, egg string length and total number of eggs per string were recorded for each parasite. Ovigerous females body length varied between 3.9 and 5.0 mm. Fecundity varied between 12 and 56 eggs string 1 , and it was correlated with OF body length. Temporal variations in OF fecundity were explained by co-variation in OF body length, but not by month. Ovigerous females on E. maclovinus were smaller and showed lower fecundity than OFs on farmed salmon. Our results suggest that native hosts play a secondary role in C. rogercresseyi egg production in Codigue bay.
Original Solution of Coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations for Simulation of Ultrashort Optical Pulse Propagation in a Birefringent Fiber

This paper discusses approaches to the numerical integration of the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations system, different from the generally accepted approach based on the method of splitting according to physical processes. A combined explicit/implicit finite-difference integration scheme based on the implicit Crank–Nicolson finite-difference scheme is proposed and substantiated. It allows the integration of a nonlinear system of equations with a choice of nonlinear terms from the previous integration step. The main advantages of the proposed method are: its absolute stability through the use of an implicit finite-difference integration scheme and an integrated mechanism for refining the numerical solution at each step; integration with automatic step selection; performance gains (or resolutions) up to three or more orders of magnitude due to the fact that there is no need to produce direct and inverse Fourier transforms at each integration step, as is required in the method of splitting according to physical processes. An additional advantage of the proposed method is the ability to calculate the interaction with an arbitrary number of propagation modes in the fiber.
Nucleolar localization of the yeast RNA exosome subunit Rrp44 hints at early pre-rRNA processing as its main function

The RNA exosome is a multisubunit protein complex involved in RNA surveillance of all classes of RNA, and is essential for pre-rRNA processing. The exosome is conserved throughout evolution, present in archaea and eukaryotes from yeast to humans, where it localizes to the nucleus and cytoplasm. The catalytically active subunit Rrp44/Dis3 of the exosome in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is considered a protein present in these two subcellular compartments, and here we report that it not only localizes mainly to the nucleus, but is concentrated in the nucleolus, where the early pre-rRNA processing reactions take place. Moreover, we show by confocal microscopy analysis that the core exosome subunits Rrp41 and Rrp43 also localize largely to the nucleus and strongly accumulate in the nucleolus. These results shown here shed additional light on the localization of the yeast exosome and have implications regarding the main function of this RNase complex, which seems to be primarily in early pre-rRNA processing and surveillance.
Relationship between Fish Size and Otolith Length for 63 Species of Fishes from the Eastern North Pacific Ocean

Otoliths commonly are used to determine the taxon, age, and size of fishes. This information is useful for population management, predator-prey studies, and archaeological research. The relationship between the length of a fish and the length of its otoliths remains unknown for many species of marine fishes in the Pacific Ocean. Therefore, the relationships between fish length and fish weight, and between otolith length and fish length, were developed for 63 species of fishes caught in the eastern North Pacific Ocean. We also summarized similar relationships for 46 eastern North Pacific fish species reported in the literature. The relationship between fish length and otolith length was linear, and most of the variability was explained by a simple least-squares regression (r 2 > 0.700 for 45 of 63 species). The relationship between otolith length and fish length was not significantly different between left and right otoliths for all but one fish species. Images of otoliths from 77 taxa are included to assist in the identification of species. (PDF file contains 38 pages.)
Differentiation proliferative capacity of skeletal muscle satellite cells from Dapulian and Landrace pigs

Abstract Previously, we found there were significant differences in the development of skeletal muscle, myofiber characteristics between Chinese pig breed Dapulian and Landrace. Furthermore, the development of skeletal muscle is related to the proliferation of satellite cells (SCs). Thus, our aim was to compare the differences of proliferative abilities and expression of key genes related to proliferation between the SCs isolated from Dapulian and Landrace in this study. We isolated skeletal muscle SCs with collagenase digestion from the longissimus dorsi muscles of 1-day-old male Dapulian and Landrace piglets. After successful culture of SCs in vitro, proliferative capacity was estimated at different time points. Meanwhile, the expression of key genes related to SCs proliferation was detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Proliferation results showed a significantly greater number of viable SCs from Dapulian pigs compared to that from Landrace pigs at 72–120 h of culture (p < .05). The mRNA expression of MYOD, MYF5 and MYOG in SCs from Dapulian pigs was higher (p < .05) compared with Landrace pigs. Whereas the mRNA levels of MSTN, MTOR, S6K, EIF4E and 4EBP1 were significantly lower in SCs from Dapulian than those from Landrace (p < .05). Protein levels of MSTN, S6K, MTOR and EIF4E were consistent with corresponding mRNA expression. In summary, these findings indicated that SCs isolated from the two breeds exhibit different proliferative capacities, and the proliferative potential of SCs from Dapulian pigs was greater than those from Landrace pigs. Highlights There were significant differences in the development of skeletal muscle, myofibre number and myofibre size between Chinese indigenous pig breed Dapulian and commercial pig breed Landrace. The proliferative capacity of satellite cells (SCs) from Dapulian pigs was greater than that from Landrace pigs. The expression of key genes related to proliferation between the SCs isolated from Dapulian and Landrace was different.
Crustal Thickness Variation Across the Sea of Marmara Region, NW Turkey: A Reflection of Modern and Ancient Tectonic Processes

The Marmara region in Turkey is an important geological setting, both from a tectonic and a seismic hazard/risk perspective. We present a new map of crustal thickness variation across this complex region to better understand the interplay of past and present tectonic processes that have formed present‐day structure. Maps of crustal thickness are created using Ps converted phases and receiver function (RF) analysis of earthquakes recorded at all publicly available seismic stations and stations in the national monitoring network (run by AFAD Disaster and Emergency Management Authority Turkey). RFs are converted from time to depth using a local 3‐D full‐waveform tomographic model and are combined in multiphase common conversion point stacks. Direct P to S converted arrivals and associated multiples are mapped to produce continuous maps of the Moho discontinuity. Results show Moho depths ranging from 26–41 km with a regional trend of westward thinning reflecting the effects of the extensional regime in western Anatolia and the neighboring Aegean Sea. The thinnest crust is observed beneath the western end of the Sea of Marmara, attributed to transtensional basin opening. A distinct region of increased crustal thickness bounded by the West Black Sea Fault in the west, and the northern strand of the North Anatolian Fault in the south, defines the ancient crustal terrane of the Istanbul Zone. Isostatic arguments indicate that the thickened crust and lower elevation in the Istanbul Zone require it to be underlain by thicker lithosphere, a conclusion that is consistent with its hypothesized origin near the Odessa shelf.
Experimental Study of a Thermoelectric Air Duct Dehumidification System for Tropical Climate

Abstract Water scarcity is the biggest survival challenge for the current generation, and atmospheric water condensation can be a solution. This paper presents the results of a numerical and experimental evaluation of a novel thermoelectric air duct dehumidifier system (TE-ADD) installed on a test chamber. The subject system, made of twenty-four thermoelectric modules along with heat sinks and fans, was used to produce freshwater by extracting moisture from ambient air. The performance of the system was evaluated as a function of the input power and the airflow rate. The results show that the water condensate production increases and the optimal value is achieved for an input power to the TE-ADD system of 6 A at 5 V. A further increase of the input power adversely affects the performance of the system. The condensate production also depends on the flow rate of the air. The optimal flow rate of air at an input current of 5 A and 6 A is 0.011 kg/s. Thus, this system solves two critical environmental issues, i.e., decrease of the thermal load and freshwater production, simultaneously.