Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of the Play & Grow Cohort: A prospective study of parent-child mealtime interactions

Early childhood is a critical period of life when nutritional choice and mealtime routines develop and obesogenic tendencies may be established. There is a need for greater understanding of toddlers and how parent-child interactions over time and across contexts relate to development of obesity. The purpose of this protocol paper is to describe the recruitment strategy, protocol, and characteristics of participants in the Play and Grow cohort. Between December 2017 and May 2019, three-hundred caregivers and their 16- to 19-month-old toddler (57 percent male) were recruited from records of the major pediatric provider in Central Ohio and enrolled in an ongoing 2-year prospective study. The cohort is diverse in race and ethnicity, parent education and age, household income, and family composition. Thirty-seven percent of children were born preterm (less than 37 weeks gestation). The first visit, completed by 299 families at mean (SD)18.2 (0.7) months child calendar age, included video-recorded parent-child interaction during play, anthropometric measurements, and caregiver questionnaire. Six months later, a home visit completed by 284 families included observation and video-recording of parent-child interaction in mealtime and non-mealtime contexts. This diverse cohort is being followed prospectively through ongoing home and laboratory visits at child ages 36 and 42 months. Growth trajectories of children will be analyzed in relation to self-regulation and quality of parent-child interaction.
Effects of Brassica oleracea waxblooms on predation and attachment by Hippodamia convergens

Four mutations that reduce waxbloom in Brassica oleracea L. were examined for their effects on predation, mobility, and adhesion to the plant surface by the general predator Hippodamia convergens (Guérin‐Menéville) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The mutations reduce waxbloom to different degrees, but all produce a ‘glossy’ phenotype. Plants tested were inbred lines, near isogenic lines, or segregating F2 populations, depending on the mutation. In an experiment on caged leaves, predation of Plutella xylostella L. larvae by H. convergens adult females was significantly greater on glossy types as compared with ‘normal‐wax’ or wild‐type counterparts. Although the trend was the same for each mutation, individual comparisons between glossy and normal‐wax lines or segregants were only significant for two of them, those producing mutant alleles gla and gld. Individual H. convergens were observed to spend more time walking on leaf edges and less time walking on leaf surfaces of normal‐wax plants than glossy plants. Hippodamia convergens also obtained better adhesion to the surfaces of glossy plants than to normal‐wax plants when tested using a centrifugal device. Two of the mutations produced similarly strong effects on predation, behaviour, and adhesion by H. convergens. These two are the same previously determined by us to provide the strongest similar effects on another generalist predator, Chrysoperla plorabunda (Fitch). The results indicate that waxbloom variation in nature could affect herbivore populations through its effects on generalist predators.
SPAM DETECTION ISSUES AND SPAM IDENTIFICATION OF FAKE PROFILES ON SOCIAL NETWORKS

Spam has been a major and global threat, Social networks have become our daily live and everyday tools, while different social networks have different target groups. With the rapid growth of social networks, people tend to misuse them for unethical and illegal conducts, fraud and phishing. Creation of a fake profile becomes such adversary effect which is difficult to identify without appropriate research. The current solutions that have been practically developed and theorized to solve this issue of spam detection issue and spam identification of fake profiles, primarily considered the characteristics and the social network ties of the user’ social profile. However, when it comes to social networks like Facebook, Twitter, SinaWeibo, Myspace, Tagged and LinkedIn such a behavioural observations are highly restrictive in publicly available profile data for the users by the privacy policies. The limited publicly available profile data of social networks makes it ineligible in applying the existing approaches and techniques in fake profile spam identification. Therefore, there is a need to conduct targeted research on identifying approaches for fake profile spam identification on selected and available data set of Facebook, Twitter and Sina weibo. In this research, we identify the minimal set of profile data that are necessary for identifying Fake profiles in Facebook, Twitter and Sina weibo and identifying the appropriate data mining approach and techniques for such task. We demonstrate that with limited profile data our approach can identify the fake profile with 84 % accuracy and 2.44 % false negative, which is comparable to the results obtained by other existing approaches based on the larger data set and more profile information
VARIATION IN STRUCTURE AND BIOMASS OF KELP COMMUNITIES ALONG THE SOUTH-WEST CAPE COAST

Summary Transects across six kelp beds located between Cape Agulhas and Saldanha Bay are surveyed and the fauna and flora quantified in terms of energy units. Numerical analysis and information statistic tests are employed to identify areas of similarity and their characteristic species. When data from all the transects are pooled and similarly tested there is a separation of plant-dominated inshore zones from offshore stations, which are densely populated by animals. The more southerly transects tend to have higher overall standing crops of kelp—a feature which can be attributed to the greater water clarity in this area. Both mussels and rock lobsters show the reverse trend, being largely replaced by a sponge-dominated community in the south. Calculations of the plant to animal ratios at each site average only 1,27:1, suggesting that the fauna relies largely on nutritional sources other than attached algae. Standing crop figures are used to calculate the total tonnage of kelp between Cape Point and Salda.
Distribution, size and sex composition, reproductive biology and diet of sharks from Northern Australia

The distribution, size composition, sex ratio, reproductive biology and diet of 17 species of shark from the families Triakidae, Hemigaleidae and Carcharhinidae from northern Australia were examined. In most of these species the sex ratio of the embryos is 1 : 1, whereas in the post-partum populations there were significantly more males than females. The results indicate four broad reproductive strategies among these sharks. In most species reproduction was distinctly seasonal with individual females giving birth each Austral summer (annual cycle) after a gestation period of 9-12 months. A second group had a very similar cycle except that individual females gave birth every second year (biennial cycle). A third group had an annual cycle but breeding was continuous throughout the year, these were mostly small bottom-associated sharks. One species had a seasonal cycle but gave birth twice each year (biannual cycle) after a 6-month gestation. The average size at birth varied from 27 to 75 cm and the average litter size varied from 2 to 34. The size at birth was about 40% of the size at maturity, which in turn was about 70% of the maximum size. Diets ranged from omnivorous to highly selective. Fish was an important component of the diet in all but one species. There was evidence of partitioning of food resources among sympatric, morphologically similar, sharks.
Pay to win: Attitudes towards in- app purchases in a mobile game community

The freemium model along with freemium games is rapidly expanding markets. This study is aimed towards further gathering knowledge about how the freemium model is received amongst players and whether in-app purchases are affected by any kind of social control. This study focuses on one mobile freemium game and tries to determine the overall community attitude towards in-app purchases. The study was conducted through a triangulated method consisting of an online questionnaire, forum observations and in-game observations. It is found that the game community is positive towards in-app purchases and that the in-game advantages they entail compose the main purchase motivator. Some unexpected differences between player types are also revealed; hardcore and high level players are more positive towards in-app purchases than casual and low level players. The study further discusses causes for these results and proposes future studies which may further explore the area of freemium games.
Long-term patterns in 50 years of scyphomedusae catches in the western Dutch Wadden Sea in relation to climate change and eutrophication

Using a unique 50-year high-resolution time series of daily kom-fyke catches, long-term patterns of scyphomedusae in the western Dutch Wadden Sea were analysed and related to changes in environmental conditions [eutrophication in the 1980s–1990s and recent climate change (increased water temperature)] in the area. Over the years, species composition and general pattern of appearance has remained the same: the first species that occurred in spring was Aurelia aurita, followed by Cyanea lamarckii/C. capillata. Chrysaora hysoscella and Rhizostoma octopus occurred from June to July onwards. All species appeared earlier in recent decades and first appearance and peak occurrence of A. aurita was in part inversely related to previous winter seawater temperature. Last occurrence of C. hysoscella was related to summer seawater temperature and the species is present longer in recent decades. Phenological relationships might have been decoupled since the seasonality of the phytoplankton bloom did not change. All species showed large inter-annual abundance fluctuations, with prolific years followed by sparse years. Peak catches of the coastal species A. aurita occurred in the late 1970s-early 1990s when eutrophication peaked, however, without a significant relationship with total nitrogen input into the area. Unlike for phenology, the patterns of mean abundance of any species did not show a relationship to climate change in the area. This might imply that population regulating mechanisms do not operate during the planktonic phase but during the sessile demersal polyp stages
TEXT DETECTION FROM CAMERA CAPTURED IMAGE AND VIDEO

-In recent years, with increasing popularity of portable devices for capturing images,text extraction, etc.Extraction of text information from images or scene involves detection, localization, tracking, segmentation, enhancement and character recognition. But variations involved in text such as font style, size, orientation, alignment and illumination effect, as well as low image contrast and complex background details make text extraction from image more difficult job.Text in video and images is an extremely important feature to extract summary knowledge of video or image. But sometime it happen that few text components feel unnecessary, and so various methods have been proposed till a day to detect, and extract the text out of image and video. This paper performs coverimg survey a large area of various techniques available for text detection and extraction from images and video and images automatically to create visually plausible output like videos/images without any of the embedded text.
ViperProbe: Using eBPF Metrics to Improve Microservice Observability ∗ Brown University Computer Science Honors Thesis

Recent shifts to microservice-based architectures and the supporting servicemesh radically disrupt the landscape of performance-oriented management tasks. While the adoption of frameworks like Istio and Kubernetes ease the management and organization of such systems, they do not themselves provide strong observability. Microservice observability requires diverse, highly specialized, and often adaptive, metrics and algorithms to monitor both the health of individual services and the larger application. However, modern metrics collection frameworks are relatively static and rigid. We introduce ViperProbe, an eBPF-based microservices collection framework that provides dynamic sampling and collection of deep, diverse, and precise system metrics. We also contribute the observation that the adoption of a common set of design patterns, e.g., servicemesh, enables offline analysis. By examining the performance profile of these patterns before deploying on production, ViperProbe can effectively reduce the set of collected metrics, thereby improving the efficiency and effectiveness of those metrics. We describe this subset of metrics as the CriticalMetrics. To the best of our knowledge, ViperProbe is the first scalable eBPF-based dynamic and adaptive microservices metrics collection framework. Our results show ViperProbe has limited overhead, provide an analysis of eBPF metric performance, examine Envoy’s metric performance profile, and show ViperProbe’s eBPF metrics were significantly more effective for horizontal autoscaling.
A New Species of the Family Halichondriidae (Demospongiae: Halichondrida) from Jeju-do Island, Korea

A new species of the genus Halichondria (Eumastia) maraensis n. sp. (Demospongiae: Halichondrida: Halichondriidae) was collected from West Marado Island, Daejeong-eup, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do Island, Korea during the period of Dec. 2006 to Feb. 2007 by a fishing net (60-80 m in depth). Halichondria (E.) maraensis n. sp. is similar to H. (E.) sitiens (Schmidt, 1870) in the type of the spicules. However they differ in spicules size and conical fistules at the surface. Oxeas of the new species are smaller and thicker than those of H. (E.) sitiens. Surface conules of the new species is not transparent, and has no oscules at the terminal short conules but H. (E.) sitiens has hollow papillae and terminal oscules.
Antioxidant characteristics of Dichrostachys glomerata spice extracts Características antioxidantes de los extractos de la especia Dichrostachys glomerata

The antioxidant activity of aqueous extract, ethanol extract, and hydroethanolic pod extract of a Cameroonian spice Dichrostachys glomerata (D. glomerata) was investigated. When compared with the two other extracts, the aqueous extract exhibited the lowest phenolic content, AEABTS (Antiradical Efficiency) and AEDPPH values whereas the ethanol extract had the highest phenolic content, AEABTS and AEDPPH values. The DPPH (α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl) radical and ABTS (2, 2′ -azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation radical scavenging activities were proven and correlated with the reductive potential and phenolic content of the extracts with r 2 greater than 0.9. All extracts had effective, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide scavenging activity, at all tested concentrations in a concentration-dependent manner. Each extract showed a concentration-dependent effect on chelating activity and α-linoleic acid oxidation inhibition activity. When compared with the controls, each extract significantly decreased malondialdehyde and lipid hydroperoxides formation in low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The hydroethanolic extract exhibited the highest inhibition of LDL oxidation. These results suggest that pods from D. glomerata can be good source of natural antioxidants.
Fundamental growth response to fertilizer in rice plants. I. Varietal difference in the growth rate at the seedling stage.

Varietal differences in growth rate and its related characteristics at seedling stage were examined with 35 rice varieties of difference ecotypes and growth types, which were grown until the 8.5-leaf stage under seven levels of nutrient concentrations of Kimura B culture solution. Distinctive varietal differences were found particularly in dry matter increase (ΔW), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR). Certain varieties had higher ΔW at every nutrient level. And the correlations between ΔW and RGR, RGR and NAR, and NAR and nitrogen content per leaf area (NCLA) were highly positive, while highly significant negative ones were found between NAR and SLA, and NCLA and SLA at every nutrient level. However, NAR did not correlate with nitrogen content per leaf dry weight (NCLW). Based on these results, NCLA was specified as a very important factor relating to varietal differences of growth rate. Consequently, it is concluded that the high ability to increase NCLA is one of the most important characteristics for high growth rate at lower nutrient level, and also at higher level where SLA is apt to increase. However, neither ecotype nor growth type corresponded with this characteristic.
PLK1 as a potential drug target in cancer therapy

Polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1) has been shown to be involved in cell cycle progression of rapidly proliferating, nontransformed cells as well as tumor cells. In cancer, overexpression of PLK1 contributes to the malignant state by aberrant cell cycle regulation at the G2/M phase. We attempted to validate PLK1 function in cell‐based assays using antisense oligonucleotide knockout approaches. Our own results and published findings of other groups have led to the conclusion that PLK1 is a logical point for pharmacological intervention. HTS campaigns performed against the recombinant PLK1‐protein led to the identification of two PLK1 inhibitory scaffolds, one containing a 7‐azapteridine ring system, the other a fused tetracyclic ketone system. These compounds showed low micromolar antiproliferative activity towards SW620, a human colon cancer cell line, most likely through cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Our data suggest that PLK1 may serve as a target for discovering small molecule anticancer agents. Drug Dev. Res. 62:349–361, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of temperature and plasmid carriage on nonculturability in organisms targeted for release

Abstract The ability to track genetically modified bacteria released into the environment is essential for assessing their persistence and dispersal. Some bacteria can enter a ‘viable but nonculturable’ (VBNC) state in which the cells remain viable while losing the ability to grow on routine culture media. Thus, VBNC cells are not detectable by standard plating methods. In order to determine what conditions, if any, induce this state in Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas syringae , and Escherichia coli , cells were ‘marked’ with lux genes, either chromosomally or on one of two different plasmids. Variations in temperature, but not nutrient or NaCl concentrations, affected culturability of these strains and induced the VBNC state. The temperature which induced the VBNC state in the two pseudomonads depended on whether or not the cell carried one of the two lux -marked plasmids. This effect was shown not to be due to the presence of the lux genes, as their removal from the plasmid had no effect on entry into the VBNC state. Instead, the effect appeared to depend on the location of the plasmid DNA, as a strain of P. fluorescens with the same plasmid integrated into the chromosome behaved identically to the parent strain. The fact that plasmids may have such a dramatic effect on culturability has significant implications for the monitoring of genetically modified bacteria intended for environmental release.
Long-term patient-reported outcome measures after injury: National Trauma Research Action Plan (NTRAP) scoping review protocol

Background A significant proportion of patients who survive traumatic injury continue to suffer impaired functional status and increased mortality long after discharge. However, despite the need to improve long-term outcomes, trauma registries in the USA do not collect data on outcomes or care processes after discharge. One of the main barriers is the lack of consensus regarding the optimal outcome metrics. Objectives To describe the methodology of a scoping review evaluating current evidence on the available measures for tracking functional and patient-reported outcomes after injury. The aim of the review was to identify and summarize measures that are being used to track long-term functional recovery and patient-reported outcomes among adults after injury. Methods A systematic search of PubMed and Embase will be performed using the search terms for the population (adult trauma patients), type of outcomes (long-term physical, mental, cognitive, and quality of life), and measures available to track them. Studies identified will be reviewed and assessed for relevance by at least two reviewers. Data will be extracted and summarized using descriptive statistics and a narrative synthesis of the results. This protocol is being reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Dissemination This scoping review will provide information regarding the currently available metrics for tracking functional and patient-reported outcomes after injury. The review will be presented to a multi-disciplinary stakeholder group that will evaluate these outcome metrics using an online Delphi approach to achieve consensus as part of the development of the National Trauma Research Action Plan (NTRAP). The results of this review will be presented at relevant national surgical conferences and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.
Efficient targeted mutagenesis in allotetraploid sweet basil by CRISPR/Cas9

Abstract Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an economically important herb and its global production is threatened by basil downy mildew caused by the obligate biotrophic oomycete Peronospora belbahrii. Effective tools are required for functional understanding of its genes involved in synthesis of valuable secondary metabolites in essential oil and disease resistance, and breeding for varieties with improved traits. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene editing technology has revolutionized crop breeding and functional genomics. The applicability and efficacy of this genomic tool in the allotetraploid sweet basil were tested by editing a potential susceptibility (S) gene ObDMR1, the basil homolog of Arabidopsis DMR1 (Downy Mildew Resistant 1) whose mutations conferred nearly complete resistance against Arabidopsis downy mildew pathogen, Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Two single guide RNAs targeting two different sites of the ObDMR1 coding sequence were designed. A total of 56 transgenic lines were obtained via Agrobacterium‐mediated stable transformation. Mutational analysis of 54 T0 transgenic lines identified 92.6% lines carrying mutations at target 1 site, while a very low mutation frequency was detected at target 2 site. Deep sequencing of six T0 lines revealed various mutations at target 1 site, with a complete knockout of all alleles in one line. ObDMR1 homozygous mutant plants with some being transgene free were identified from T1 segregating populations. T2 homozygous mutant plants with 1‐bp frameshift mutations exhibited a dwarf phenotype at young seedling stage. In summary, this study established a highly efficient CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene editing system for targeted mutagenesis in sweet basil. This system has the capacity to generate complete knockout mutants in this allotetraploid species at the first generation of transgenic plants and transgene‐free homozygous mutants in the second generation. The establishment of this system is expected to accelerate basil functional genomics and breeding.